Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Alternative Framework to Investigating and Understanding Intraindividual Processes in Substance Abuse Recovery

Background: Sustained recovery from substance abuse is a dynamic intraindividual-level process. Objectives: We argue that research on recovery process will benefit from a theoretical approach that captures both the dynamic and the idiographic nature of substance abuse recovery. In addition to setting out why we believe that research on recovery can benefit from such an approach, we provide a demonstration of idiographic within-individual analyses of between- and within-day associations among negative affect, substance use craving, and positive social experiences. Design and Subjects: The data used were drawn from 39 abstinent young adults in 12-step recovery from substance abuse (mean age = 22.9, females = 12). Participants provided an average of 26.7 days of daily diary data by end-of-day collections. Unified first-order structural equation models were fit individually to predict daily levels of craving and negative affect from the previous day’s same two variables as well as from both the previous day’s and the same day’s positive social experiences. Results: Model estimates demonstrated substantial interindividual heterogeneity in their day-to-day associations in both direction and magnitude, highlighting the importance of applying idiographic approach to understanding recovery. Cluster analyses were subsequently applied to individual model estimates to identify homogeneous subgroups that demonstrated similar day-to-day association patterns, revealing two distinct subgroups that appeared to manage daily abstinence through different mechanisms. Conclusions: The idiographic approach presented provides the potential value of framing recovery as an idiosyncratic dynamic process and provides targets for tailored and adaptive treatment and recovery supporting intervention in future design and evaluation.
Fisher information matrix of the coherently averaged covariance matrix

Novel expressions are derived for the asymptotic Fisher information matrix which is used to investigate the degree of statistical sufficiency of the approximately coherently averaged covariance matrix in the coherent signal-subspace method. These results correct previous ones given by the authors (see Proc. ICASSP-87, Dallas, TX, Apr. 1987). The reasons for the previous erroneous results are discussed. >
A Review of Clinical Trials of Tai Chi and Qigong in Older Adults

Initiation and maintenance of physical activity (PA) in older adults is of increasing concern as the benefits of PA have been shown to improve physical functioning, mood, weight, and cardiovascular risk factors. Meditative movement forms of PA, such as tai chi and qigong (TC&QG), are holistic in nature and have increased in popularity over the past few decades. Several randomized controlled trials have evaluated TC&QG interventions from multiple perspectives, specifically targeting older adults. The purpose of this report is to synthesize intervention studies targeting TC&QG and identify the physical and psychological health outcomes shown to be associated with TC&QG in community dwelling adults older than 55. Based on specific inclusion criteria, 36 research reports with a total of 3,799 participants were included in this review. Five categories of study outcomes were identified, including falls and balance, physical function, cardiovascular disease, and psychological and additional disease-specific responses. Significant improvement in clusters of similar outcomes indicated interventions utilizing TC&QG may help older adults improve physical function and reduce blood pressure, fall risk, and depression and anxiety. Missing from the reviewed reports is a discussion of how spiritual exploration with meditative forms of PA, an important component of these movement activities, may contribute to successful aging.
Responding to the Delivering Race Equality (DRE) agenda in mental health services: national recommendations informed by local experience

This article summarises what the Department of Health's (2005) Delivering Race Equality (DRE) agenda in mental health services set out to achieve and the background to this. The article then provides commentary on the Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust's experiences while acting as one of the 18 focused implementation sites (FIS) created as part of the Department of Health's five‐year Delivering Race Equality Action Plan and highlights the recommendations that developed out of this work and have national application.
Academic, Social, and Behavioral Outcomes at Age 12 of Infants Born Preterm

The effects of gradient levels of perinatal morbidity on school outcomes have been investigated at age 12 in four preterm groups, classified as healthy (no medical or neurological illness), medical morbidity, neurological morbidity, and small-for-gestational-age (SGA), and a full-term comparison group. Teachers report on academic competence, social skills, and problem behaviors. Data on school type, classroom setting, and school service use are gathered from school records. Preterm groups are found to be equivalent to full-term peers in social skills and problem behavior. Preterm groups with neurological and SGA morbidity have the lowest academic competence scores. Unexpectedly, preterm infants with medical morbidity have higher academic competence scores compared with the other preterm groups. School service use increases with greater perinatal morbidity and is contingent on multiple rather than single indicators of perinatal morbidity. Continued monitoring of preterm infants through early adolescence will ensure that appropriate school services and resources are available to maximize their school success.
Regional Differences in Physical Appearance Identity Among Young Adult Women in Thailand

Physical appearance concerns lead to serious health compromising behaviors among women in Thailand. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in physical appearance identity among young women in four regions of Thailand based on 30 physical appearance characteristics generated and validated in two previous samples of young Thai women. Using Q methodology, 200 Thai young women sorted the physical appearance characteristics in terms of importance. Across-region differences exist for the most important physical appearance characteristics. Regional differences in physical appearance identity may explain the variety of behaviors used by Thai women to enhance their physical appearance. Further research should focus on regional factors that contribute to these aspects of physical appearance becoming a dominant source of self-definition so that effective prevention strategies can be developed and targeted to women at high risk.
A new recursive pseudo least squares algorithm for ARMA filtering and modeling. II

A recursive algorithm for ARMA filtering has been developed in a companion paper. These recursions are seen to have a lattice-like filter structure. The ARMA parameters, however, are not directly available from the coefficients of this filter. This paper, therefore, takes up the problem of identification of the ARMA model from the coefficients of this filter. Two new update relations for certain pseudoinverses are derived here which are used to obtain a recursive least squares algorithm for AR parameter estimation. Two methods for the estimation of the MA parameters are also presented here. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed algorithms.
Mindful Staffing

Patient outcomes are linked to nurse staffing. Although charge nurses are responsible for intrashift staffing decisions, little is known about their decision-making behaviors. This study describes the behaviors of charge nurses from the perspective of charge nurses, nurse managers, and staff nurses. This qualitative descriptive study was conducted with a sample of 24 nurses. The findings revealed that staffing the unit was the most important role for charge nurses. Charge nurses reported spending up to 90% of a shift resolving intrashift staffing issues. Five effective decision-making behaviors emerged: (a) resourcefulness, (b) tactful communication, (c) flexibility, (d) decisiveness, and (e) awareness of the big picture. These behaviors of charge nurses are similar to mindful behaviors of workers in hazardous work environments, and are therefore described as mindful staffing. Practice implications and considerations for the education of charge nurses in relation to safe intrashift staffing are suggested by the findings of this study.
Leslie Eleazer Orgel. 12 January 1927 — 27 October 2007

Leslie Eleazer Orgel was a theoretical chemist and investigator of the origins of life who made deep and lasting contributions to both of these scientific areas. He was born in London, UK, on 12 January 1927, the second of three children of Simon and Deborah (Gnivisch) Orgel. His elder brother, Nevill, was born on 2 July 1922 and died on 28 December 1957. His younger sister, Delia, was born on 19 June 1933 and currently resides in Silver Spring, Maryland. Leslie Orgel died on 27 October 2007 in San Diego, California, from pancreatic cancer. He is survived by his wife of 57 years, Alice (Levinson) Orgel, by his three children, Vivienne (b. 4 April 1955), Richard (b. 29 November 1956) and Robert (b. 25 June 1968), and by five grandchildren.
Direct frequency-domain deconvolution when the signals have no spectral inverse

A method for frequency-domain deconvolution when the kernel has no spectral inverse is presented. Discrete frequency interpolation is used to avoid zero-valued frequency samples. The algorithm does not suffer from the spectral singularities of the original kernal, and its complexity is proportional to that of the fast Fourier transform. A comparative noise study showed improved performance relative to the direct frequency-domain method. >
Nanoscale Structure-Property Relationships of Polyacrylonitrile/CNT Composites as a Function of Polymer Crystallinity and CNT Diameter.

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites are used as precursors for ultrastrong and lightweight carbon fibers. However, insights into the structure at the nanoscale and the relationships to mechanical and thermal properties have remained difficult to obtain. In this study, molecular dynamics simulation with accurate potentials and available experimental data were used to describe the influence of different degrees of PAN preorientation and CNT diameter on the atomic-scale structure and properties of the composites. The inclusion of CNTs in the polymer matrix is favored for an intermediate degree of PAN orientation and small CNT diameter whereas high PAN crystallinity and larger CNT diameter disfavor CNT inclusion. The glass transition at the CNT/PAN interface involves the release of rotational degrees of freedom of the polymer backbone and increased mobility of the protruding nitrile side groups in contact with the carbon nanotubes. The glass-transition temperature of the composite increases in correlation with the amount of CNT/polymer interfacial area per unit volume, i.e., in the presence of CNTs, for higher CNT volume fraction, and inversely with CNT diameter. The increase in glass-transition temperature upon CNT addition is larger for PAN of lower crystallinity than for PAN of higher crystallinity. Interfacial shear strengths of the composites are higher for CNTs of smaller diameter and for PAN with preorientation, in correlation with more favorable CNT inclusion energies. The lowest interfacial shear strength was observed in amorphous PAN for the same CNT diameter. PAN with ∼75% crystallinity exhibited hexagonal patterns of nitrile groups near and far from the CNT interface which could influence carbonization into regular graphitic structures. The results illustrate the feasibility of near-quantitative insights into macroscale properties of polymer/CNT composites from simulations of nanometer-scale composite domains. Guidance is most effective when key assumptions in experiment and simulation are closely aligned, such as exfoliation versus bundling of CNTs, size, type, potential defects of CNTs, and precise measures for polymer crystallinity.
Headreader: Realtime motion detection of human head from image sequence

Human motion plays a very important role in daily communication. If computers can directly read the meaning of human motion, man-machine interaction will be improved. This paper presents a three-dimensional head motion detection system called “headreader. ” A simple but very fast algorithm is used which exploits the contrast of hair and face to recognize face orientation. The system extracts the head and face area and then estimates the head motion parameters from the change in position of each area centroids. The head motion is computed at nearly seven frames per second on an SUN4 workstation.
Elucidating the Intercalation Pseudocapacitance Mechanism of MoS2-Carbon Monolayer Interoverlapped Superstructure: Toward High-Performance Sodium-Ion-Based Hybrid Supercapacitor.

Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials have shown great promise for electrochemical energy storage applications. However, they are usually limited by the sluggish kinetics and poor cycling stability. Interface modification on 2D layered materials provides an effective way for increasing the active sites, improving the electronic conductivity, and enhancing the structure stability so that it can potentially solve the major issues on fabricating energy storage devices with high performance. Herein, we synthesize a novel MoS2-carbon (MoS2-C) monolayer interoverlapped superstructure via a facile interface-modification route. This interlayer overlapped structure is demonstrated to have a wide sodium-ion intercalation/deintercalation voltage range of 0.4-3.0 V and the typical pseudocapacitive characteristics in fast kinetics, high reversibility, and robust structural stability, thus displaying a large reversible capacity, a high rate capability, and an improved cyclability. A full cell of sodium-ion hybrid supercapacitor based on this MoS2-C hybrid architecture can operate up to 3.8 V and deliver a high energy density of 111.4 Wh kg-1 and a high power density exceeding 12 000 W kg-1. Furthermore, a long cycle life of 10 000 cycles with over 77.3% of capacitance retention can be achieved.
The Latest in Virtual Private Networks: Part I

Virtual private networks (VPNs) are discrete network entities configured and operated over a shared network infrastructure. An intranet is a VPN in which all the sites (the customer locations that are part of a VPN) belong to a single organization. An extranet is a VPN with two or more organizations wishing to share (some) information. In the business world, VPNs let corporate locations share information over the Internet. VPN technology is being extended to the home office, providing telecommuters with the networking security and performance commensurate with that available at the office. Service providers are looking at their geographic footprints and their network routing expertise to create and deliver new revenue-generating VPN services. Looking ahead, these provider-provisioned and managed VPNs are intended to emulate whatever local- or wide-area network connectivity customers desire.
Thoracic and Cardiac Imaging / Imagerie cardiaque et imagerie thoracique Diagnostic Performance of Combined Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography and Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Suspected Subclavian Steal Syndrome

Purpose: The study sought to evaluate the efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with suspected subclavian steal syndrome (SSS) using both contrast-enhanced (CE) MR angiography and phase-contrast (PC) MRI. Methods: Fifteen suspected SSSs from 13 patients were evaluated using CE-MR angiography and PC-MRI. Ten patients also received dynamic CE-MR angiography. Results: All MRI examinations were technically successful. By combining CE-MR angiography with PC-MRI, 10 SSSs were diagnosed in 9 patients. The delay enhancement dynamic technique predicted SSS with a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 57.1%, 100%, and 72.7%, respectively. Without the dynamic technique, affected delay-enhanced arteries were poorly visualized and could be mistaken for occluded vessels. Retrograde vertebral flow by PC-MRI was used to predict ipsilateral SSS with a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 100%, 60%, and 86.7%, respectively. There were 2 false positives including 1 patient with a proximal total occlusion of the affected vertebral artery and another with brachiocephalic steal syndrome rather than SSS. This suggested that retrograde vertebral flow does not always indicate SSS. Conclusions: CE-MR angiography combined with PC-MRI is efficacious when evaluating SSS in clinical practice.
Web Services Are Not Distributed Objects

Web services are frequently described as the latest incarnation of distributed object technology. This misconception, perpetuated by people from both industry and academia, seriously limits broader acceptance of the true Web services architecture. Although the architects of many distributed and Internet systems have been vocal about the differences between Web services and distributed objects, dispelling the myth that they are closely related appears difficult. Many believe that Web services is a distributed systems technology that relies on some form of distributed object technology. Unfortunately, this is not the only common misconception about Web services. We seek to clarify several widely held beliefs about the technology that are partially or completely wrong. Within the distributed technology world, it is probably more appropriate to associate Web services with messaging technologies because they share a common architectural view, although they address different application types. Web services technology will have a dramatic enabling effect on worldwide interoperable distributed computing once everyone recognizes that Web services are about interoperable document-centric computing, not distributed objects.
Proof of CFAR by the use of the invariant test

Many adaptive detectors regulate the detection threshold adaptively through an estimate of the clutter power level, which is formed by reference cell samples. This paper proves by the use of the invariant test that a large class of adaptive detectors possesses the constant false-alarm rate (CFAR) property when they satisfy certain weak conditions. The proof reveals the mechanism of this class of CFAR detectors and provides a general method of proving the CFAR property.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Formation image de r esonance magn etique Association Between Measures of Vertebral Endplate Morphology and Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vertebral endplate morphology and the degree of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: In total, 150 patients who met the inclusion criteria and were 20e60 years of age were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were evaluated for the presence of intervertebral disc degeneration or herniation, and the degree of degeneration was assessed at all lumbar levels. Vertebral endplate morphology was evaluated based on the endplate sagittal diameter, endplate sagittal concave angle (ECA), and endplate sagittal concave depth (ECD) on sagittal MRI. The association between intervertebral disc degeneration or herniation and endplate morphological measurements was analysed. Results: In MRI, superior endplates (ie, inferior endplates of the superior vertebra) were concave and inferior endplates (ie, superior endplates of the inferior vertebra) were flat at all disc levels. A decrease in ECD and an increase in ECAwere detected at all lumbar levels as disc degeneration increased (P < .05). At the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels, a decrease in ECD and an increase in ECAwere detected in the group with herniated lumbar discs (P < .05). There was no association between lumbar disc degeneration or herniation and endplate sagittal diameter at lumbar intervertebral levels (P > .05). At all levels, ECD of women was significantly lesser than that of men and ECA of women was significantly greater than that of men (P < .05). Conclusions: There is an association between vertebral endplate morphology and lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration. Vertebral endplates at the degenerated disc level become flat; the severity of this flattening is correlated with the degree of disc degeneration.
Correlates of Physical Activity in Middle-Aged Women With and Without Diabetes

This comparative and correlational study examined personal and social-cognitive factors related to physical activity in middle-aged women with (n = 37) and without (n = 67) type 2 diabetes (T2D). Compared with those without the condition, women with T2D attained less accelerometer-measured moderate, t = −3.35(89.40), p = . 001, and vigorous physical activity, t = −2.76(59.30), p = . 008, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), t = −3.50(91.19), p = . 001, and had lower physical activity self-efficacy, t = −2.6(101), p = . 01, and perceived benefits of physical activity, t = −2.4(51.0), p = . 02. For the total sample, greater MVPA was related to White race, not having diabetes, lower body mass index, fewer comorbidities, less depressive symptom severity, no smoking status, more positive attitudes, higher self-efficacy, and greater perceived benefits. Enhancing attitudes, self-efficacy, and benefits may increase MVPA in middle-aged women with T2D.
Detection in incompletely characterized colored non-Gaussian noise via parametric modeling

Abstract : A generalized likelihood ratio test is known to be able to reliably detect a signal known except for amplitude incompletely characterized colored non-gaussian noise, although it is computationally intensive. A Rao efficient score test shares all the asymptotic properties of the generalized likelihood ratio test for large data records and small signal amplitudes. Its detection performance is asymptotically equivalent to that obtained for a similar detector designed with a priori knowledge of the unknown noise parameters. Computer simulations of the performance of the Rao detector support the theoretical results. A Rao detector built with the knowledge of the true form of the noise PDF is shown to significantly outperform a detector which assumes the noise to be Gaussian.
Factors Associated With Physical Activity in Latina Women: A Systematic Review

The purpose of this systemic literature review is to unveil a greater understanding of Physical Activity in Latinas. We used PubMed and PsycInfo databases to search for articles published between 1991 and August 2016, examining physical activity and its correlates exclusively in adult Latinas. Only 21 primary studies met the inclusion criteria. Although physical activity derives from body movements in various domains, the leisure domain led the focus of research interest. The use of self-reports, cross-sectional design, and the ecological framework predominated. Only one study included examining the occupational domain, albeit as disaggregate in studies with a general physical activity approach. Occupational physical activity showed negative associations with education and acculturation. Positive associations were found between leisure-time physical activity, education, acculturation, and perceived health status. Despite the limited evidence to reach overall conclusions, this review uncovered methodological challenges and opportunities to advance knowledge about physical activity in Latinas.