Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning to Ground Language to Temporal Logical Form

Natural language commands often exhibit sequential constraints, e.g. “go through the kitchen and then into the living room” that (traditionally Markovian) methods in reinforcement learning (RL) cannot adequately handle. To express these constraints, we propose to ground language to Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) but propose to do this when direct supervision is not available, i.e. utterances are labelled with trajectories but not the logical form itself. We use formal methods of LTL progression and model checking to reward the learned logical forms that satisfy ground-truth paths. We then use the LTL expressions to plan in the environment using off-policy RL. We evaluate our framework on both goal state and path accuracy and demonstrate competitive performance on goal state accuracy and higher performance on path accuracy. We analyse the instructions and see that the largest gains come from the ability of our model to handle temporal instructions.
Targeting critical disease pathways in male breast cancer: a pharmacogenomics approach

Abbreviations: avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog, (MYC); breast cancer 2, (BRCA2); breast cancer, (BC); cyclin D1, (CCND1); epidermal growth factor receptor, (EGFR); epidermal growth factor, (EGF); estrogen receptor-1, (ER/ESR1); female breast cancer, (FBC); ingenuity systems pathways analysis, (IPA); Luteinising-hormone releasing hormone, (LHRH); male breast cancer, (MBC); matrix metalloprotease, (MMP); nuclear factor-kappa B, (NF-! B); pathway architect, (PA); progesterone receptor, (PR); selective estrogen-receptor modulators, (SERMs); transpath public, (TP); tumor necrosis factor, (TNF); tumor protein p53, (p53); vascular endothelial growth factor, (VEGF); v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2, (HER-2/ERBB2)
Effect of different concentrations and application periods of p- hydroxybenzoic acid on development, yield and yield components of spring wheat

Information on the effect of allelochemicals on grain yield of cereal crops is scarce in the literature. Therefore, the aim of these experiments was to evaluate the effect phydroxybenzoic acid on development, yield and yield components of spring wheat. The development of spring wheat was considerably affected by a 2 or 4 week exposure to p-hydroxybenzoic acid right after germination. At growth stage 31 (tillering) the phenolic compound had significantly reduced the single plant dry weight, the plant length and the number of tillers per plant. The strongest inhibition was recorded after a four week exposure to p-hydroxybenzoic acid. This effect diminished until the next sampling date at growth stage 76 (ripening). At maturity, the grain yield was significantly reduced by all p-hydroxybenzoic acid treatments. All yield components were affected. The reduced number of kernels had the largest impact on grain yield, whereas the number of tillers per plant and the thousand grain weight had smaller effects. The reduction in grain yield was more pronounced in the higher category tillers. Although, the development of spring wheat was more affected by the early treatments with p-hydroxybenzoic acid, the larger yield reduction was recorded after an exposure at later stages during the development. We argue that this effect was caused by the great sensitivity of the cereal crop during the transition from the vegetative to the generative development. The implications of our results for the interpretation of allelopathic experiments are: (i) though, early stages of crop development were more sensitive to an exposure to a phytotoxic chemical, the yield reduction was more severe after the later application and (ii) more agronomic factors have to be considered in allelopathic research, since different tiller categories showed a distinct quantitative response and results of such experiments will be affected, for example, by the seed rate.
Changes in leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and antioxidantsin maize leaves infected by Exserohilum turcicum

Considering the importance of northern leaf blight, caused by Exserohilum turcicum, to decrease maize yield, this study evaluated electrolyte leakage, content of H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA), chlorophyll (Chl) a, Chl b, and carotenoids (CAR), and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as expressions of superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat 1), ascorbate peroxidase (apx 2), peroxidase (pox), glutathione reductase (gr 1), and glutathione-S-transferase (gst 23) genes, and leaf gas exchange and Chl a fluorescence parameters in maize leaves infected with E. turcicum. The content of H2O2 and MDA was high at 15 and 20 d after inoculation (dai) and electrolyte leakage was high from 10 dai onward in infected leaves. Net assimilation rate, stomatal conductance to water vapour, transpiration rate, internal CO2 concentration, maximum quantum yield of photosystem (PS) II, and effective quantum yield of PS II significantly decreased as the disease developed. Quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation significantly increased at 10 and 15 dai but decreased at 20 dai whereas the quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation significantly increased at 15 and 20 dai. The content of Chl a, Chl b, and CAR decreased in infected leaves. The activities of the enzymes increased, and the relative expressions of the genes sod, cat 1, apx 2, pox, gr 1, and gst 23 were higher in infected leaves compared to non-infected ones mainly from 10 dai onward. In conclusion, photosynthesis in infected leaves was dramatically affected and a late involvement of the antioxidant metabolism was not sufficiently helpful to counteract the deleterious effects of fungal infection.
Use of the Multi-Model Ensemble Mean of Global Climate Models for Hydroelectricity Generation Planning in Zambia

The use of Global Climate Models (GCMs), in particular their Multi-Model Ensemble (MME), in planning for hydroelectricity is essential as GCMs project possible future climate. The MME mean of 35 GCMs was used to evaluate the effects of climate change on hydroelectricity generation in Zambia over the periods 20352065 and 2070-2100, based on observed rainfall and temperature data from 19702000. The findings revealed a moderate increase in rainfall and a high rise in temperature over these periods, with reference to the baseline. These changes were projected to affect the annual water balance through the reduction in mean annual water discharge, essential for runoff, indicating a substantial reduction in future hydroelectricity generation in Zambia.
Using Soft Refusal Status in the Cell-Phone Nonresponse Adjustment in the National Immunization Survey

This paper seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of using metropolitan statistical area (MSA) geographic status as an adjustment variable in the cell-phone sample nonresponse adjustment for the National Immunization Survey (NIS) and investigates the potential to utilize the level-of-effort information collected during the telephone interview to improve the cell-phone sample nonresponse adjustment. We examined the viability of using two alternative measures of interviewing level of effort for cell-phone nonresponse adjustment: the number of call attempts to resolve a cell-phone number and soft refusal status which is an indicator of initial reluctance by the respondent to participate in the survey. The current approach of using MSA status in the NIS cell-phone sample nonresponse adjustment is compared to nonresponse adjustment utilizing the two alternative level-of-effort variables. We failed to find sufficient evidence to justify using the two new approaches or the current approach for the cell-phone nonresponse adjustment in the NIS. Consequently, eliminating the current MSA status cell-phone sample nonresponse adjustment is under consideration as we develop the future NIS weighting methodology
Preprint Title One-Step Direct Amination of Nanodiamond Surface and Facile Separation by Viscosity Gradient Centrifugation Authors

This is an open access publication under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0). Please note that the reuse, redistribution and reproduction in particular requires that the author(s) and source are credited. The license is subject to the Beilstein Archives terms and conditions: https://www.beilstein-archives.org/xiv/terms. The definitive version of this work can be found at: doi: https://doi.org/10.3762/bxiv.2019. 127.v1 This open access document is published as a preprint in the Beilstein Archives with doi: 10.3762/bxiv.2019. 127.v1 and is considered to be an early communication for feedback before peer review. Before citing this document, please check if a final, peer-reviewed version has been published in the Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.
Fluxpart: Open source software for partitioning carbon dioxide and water vapor fluxes

The eddy covariance method is regularly used for measuring gas fluxes over agricultural fields and natural ecosystems. For many applications, it is desirable to partition the measured fluxes into constitutive components: the water vapor flux into transpiration and direct evaporation components, and the carbon dioxide flux into photosynthesis and respiration components. The flux variance similarity (FVS) partitioning method is based on flux variance similarity relationships and correlation analyses of high-frequency eddy covariance data (Scanlon and Sahu, 2008; Scanlon and Kustas, 2010, 2012). The FVS method is relatively complex computationally, and that complexity has likely been an impediment to greater use and testing of the procedure. In this work, we present a new algebraic solution to the key computational task in the partitioning algorithm, which significantly simplifies the FVS method. We also introduce Fluxpart, a free and open source Python 3 module that implements the FVS partitioning procedure. Example flux partitioning calculations are presented.
Synthesis of 3D Bicontinuous Cu-Ni Alloy Scaffolds for Controlled Growth of Turbostratic Graphene

Author(s): Zhang, Zhengyu | Advisor(s): Ragan, Regina | Abstract: 3-dimensional (3D) porous graphene is a promising platform for applications such as catalysis, sensors, and energy storage. In this thesis, bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gel (bijel) templates are formed and chemically and thermally processed into sacrificial porous Cu-Ni alloy scaffolds which in turn are used for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of graphene. Metal scaffolds formed from the bijel structure have large specific surface area and inherit the co-continuous property from their parent bijel. However, graphene grown via CVD on bicontinuous nickel scaffolds (biNi) will typically produce thick graphene layers due to the high carbon solubility in Ni unless the CVD growth is limited to short growth times of a few seconds. In the latter case, number of layers may be variable across the sample due to difficulties in controlling deposition kinetics in short growth times. In addition, thick graphite layers may form in the Ni grain boundaries leading to highly non uniform number of layers in 3D samples. Previous reports have shown that the number of layers and uniformity of CVD graphene can be controlled when using the Cu-Ni alloys as scaffolds. In this case, research has been limited to CVD growth on 2-dimensional Cu-Ni alloy surfaces. Here, in this thesis, the fabrication of 3D bicontinuous Cu-Ni alloy metal scaffolds(bi-CuNi) are successfully achieved. By varying electrochemical processing parameters, bi-CuNi with porous morphology containing 46.8% and 35.8% Cu in weight percentage are produced. When comparing the morphology and number of layers of resultant CVD graphene growth on the alloy scaffolds using the same CVD growth parameters on both samples, Raman spectroscopy measurements show many regions with a high 2D mode intensity with the higher Cu alloy concentration in the scaffold. Raman analysis showing that 3D graphene from bi-CuNi via CVD (bi-CuNi-3DG) exhibits turbostratic stacking in many regions of the sample. Turbostratic graphene can exhibit similar properties as single-layer graphene (SLG), indicating that emphasis on tuning physical properties of scaffold alloys has promise to yield 3D graphene structures with excellent electronic properties. In future work, precise control of Cu concentration in bi-CuNi is expected to control both graphene layer number and stacking, and thereby the electronic properties of the resultant 3D graphene architectures for numerous applications.
Study on the Impact of Hot Spring Resort Hotel Attributes on Customer Satisfaction

With regard to the key role of customer satisfaction in the success of hospitality enterprises, researchers have long been investigating customers' perception of the quality of hotel attributes and the impact of such attributes on overall customer satisfaction overall (OCS). From the perspectives of impact rangeperformance analysis and impact asymmetry analysis, based on the three-factor theory, this study explored the asymmetric effect of hot spring resort hotel attributes on OCS. The methods can classify and sort out the attributes like frustrators, dissatisfiers, hybrids, satisfiers, and delighters so as to effectively manage OCS. Thus, these methods can evaluate the impact range of each attribute on OCS. Through these methods, researchers/practitioners can easily determine the fields requiring special attention and enhance corresponding performances. However, in regard to the efforts for any quality improvement, limited resources of companies must be distributed according to the priority of attributes.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE COMMUNICATION SKILL OF NURSE - PATIENT WITH PATIENT SAFETY IN THE CRITICAL CARE UNITS

زمینه و هدف: تمرکز روی ایمنی بیمار در بخش های مراقبت ویژه موضوعی مهم است و در این بین یکی از مهم ترین عوامل مربوط به ایمنی بیمار، مهارت های ارتباطی بین پرستار و بیمار می باشد. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین رابطه بین مهارت ارتباطی پرستار - بیمار با وضعیت ایمنی بیماران در بخش های ویژه بیمارستان های شهر ارومیه از دیدگاه پرستاران انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی - همبستگی، 167 پرستار شاغل در بخش های ویژه بیمارستان های آموزشی و غیر آموزشی شهر ارومیه با روش تمام سرشماری شرکت کردند. جهت جمع آوری داده ها از پرسشنامه های روا و پایا شده ی مهارت ارتباطی پرستار - بیمار و وضعیت ایمنی بیمار استفاده شد و مهارت ارتباطی پرستار - بیمار ارزیابی و ارتباط آن با وضعیت ایمنی بیماران تعیین شد. یافته ها: اکثریت پرستاران شاغل در بیمارستان های آموزشی و غیر آموزشی (به ترتیب 5/97 و 8/97 درصد) مهارت ارتباطی خود را در سطح خوب ارزیابی کردند. همچنین 6/87 درصد پرستاران بیمارستان های آموزشی و 8/84 پرستاران بیمارستان های غیر آموزشی ایمنی بیماران را در سطح خوب ارزیابی کردند. بین مهارت ارتباطی پرستاران با وضعیت ایمنی بیماران در بخش ویژه رابطه معنی دار آماری وجود داشت (001/0>P). نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج این مطالعه پرستاران می توانند با بکارگیری مهارت های ارتباطی مناسب با بیماران بستری در بخش های ویژه، ایمنی آن ها را حفظ و ارتقاء بخشند.
with Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry by ELISA, HPLC with Fluorescence Detection, and HPLC Human Aflatoxin Albumin Adducts Quantitatively Compared

Essential to the conduct of epidemiologic studies examining aflatoxin exposure and the risk of heptocellular carcinoma, impaired growth, and acute toxicity has been the development of quantitative biomarkers of exposure to aflatoxins, particularly aflatoxin B1. In this study, identical serum sample sets were analyzed for aflatoxin-albumin adducts by ELISA, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection (HPLC-f), and HPLC with isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS). The human samples analyzed were from an acute aflatoxicosis outbreak in Kenya in 2004 (n = 102) and the measured values ranged from 0.018 to 67.0, nondetectable to 13.6, and 0.002 to 17.7 ng/mg albumin for the respective methods. The Deming regression slopes for the HPLC-f and ELISA concentrations as a function of the IDMS concentrations were 0.71 (r = 0.95) and 3.3 (r = 0.96), respectively. When the samples were classified as cases or controls, based on clinical diagnosis, all methods were predictive of outcome (P < 0.01). Further, to evaluate assay precision, duplicate samples were prepared at three levels by dilution of an exposed human sample and were analyzed on three separate days. Excluding one assay value by ELISA and one assay by HPLC-f, the overall relative SD were 8.7%, 10.5%, and 9.4% for IDMS, HPLC-f, and ELISA, respectively. IDMS was the most sensitive technique and HPLC-f was the least sensitive method. Overall, this study shows an excellent correlation between three independent methodologies conducted in different laboratories and supports the validation of these technologies for assessment of human exposure to this environmental toxin and carcinogen. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(7):1653–7)
An experimental work on the performance of solar still incorporating with wind turbine and thermal energy storage unit

The performance of single slope solar still incorporating with a wind turbine by a new coupling technique is investigated experimentally. The coupling technique is based on transferring the output power from the turbine directly to the brackish water in the still basin by utilizing an electrical heater embedded in the still basin. The advantage of this technique is that the turbine power is transmitted directly to the salty water in the basin without any intermediate which affects negatively on the transmitting performance. Moreover, the wind turbine doesn’t require extra land than the land occupied by the still where it can be built on the same area of the stills. The system performance (solar still plus turbine) is also studied in case of utilizing thermal energy storage unit of phase change material (PCM) coupled with the still’s basin base. Moreover, it is studied in case of using black steel wool fibers (BSWF) in the basin. Four cases are studied to determine the influence of wind power on the performance of the solar still; (i) conventional solar still (CSS) (ii) CSS with wind turbine only, (iii) CSS with wind turbine and BSWF saturated with salty water in the basin, and (iv) CSS with a wind turbine and PCM. The performance of the different cases is experimentally evaluated and compared to each other at the same climate conditions of Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt (Longitude/ Latitude: E 029°42’/N 30°55’). The findings illustrate that using the turbine increases the still temperatures and yield. BSWF are more effective than PCM in case of CSS but in case of using wind turbine with CSS, PCM is more effective than BSWF. Coupling the wind turbine with CSS rises its yield by around 19.8%, 30.9%, and 20.1% in case of CSS, still with BSWF, and still with PCM, respectively.
Utilization of quinoa flour in cookie production

Quinoa -one of three pseudocerealsare an exceptionally nutritious food source, owing to their high level of protein, omega-3 and 6 fatty acid, fiber, vitamin, mineral and micro constituents, phytosteroids, carbohydrates of low glycemic index. In this study, the use of quinoa flour (QF) instead of wheat flour (WF) in cookies was investigated. QF was used in cookie formulation at different levels (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%). Afterwards, in order to determine the effects of QF on physical, chemical, nutritional and sensory properties of cookies were analyzed. The use of QF led to a slight increase in the product thickness values of the cookie samples. Also, diameter values decreased as levels of QF increased in cookie formulation but significant decrease was not noted with 10% QF addition. Moreover, addition of QF to the formulations containing decreased the spread ratio of the samples. Also, QF affected the colour (L*, a* and b*) of cookie. The cookie samples containing 50% QF had the highest a* and b* values, while cookie samples containing 0% QF had the highest L* values. The highest ratios of QF adversely affected hardness values of the cookie samples. The use of QF increased ash, crude protein, crude fat, total phenolic content (TPC) content of cookie samples (p<0.05). As expected a substantial increase in the levels of phytic acid was found in all cookie samples containing QF. Generally potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) contents of the cookies increased with increasing levels of QF. Moreover, QF affected the scores of sensory properties of cookie samples. QF addition had statistically significant effect at p<0.05 on colour, taste, crispness and overall acceptability except odour scores. As a result of this study, cookies were satisfactorily improved in terms of chemical, nutritional and sensory properties nutritional properties by quinoa flour.
Current tendencies in ESP didactics: Insights of an ESP journal editor

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) is a demanding field for its practitioners regarding its methodology, pedagogy, didactics, for numerous factors, primarily, it having a paradoxical position within the field of English language teaching due to at once its undeniable presence and relevance but rare academia institutional establishment, and still not having a consolidated relevant theoretical basis. Practice of teaching ESP involves dealing with real life issues of how to teach a group of students who need this instruction for clearly pre-determined reasons, and therefore, what approach to use, which material, grammatical units, and alike. Stemming from actual teaching experiences, there appear valuable insights, opinions, research results of ESP practitioners as formulated and presented in the form of journal articles, which even more than in other fields become primary sources of familiarizing with current and emergent approaches in ESP didactics. As an Editor-in-Chief of an ESP scientific journal, the author presents discernible, most prominent tendencies in ESP methodology, pedagogy, didactics worldwide over, which summarize current theoretical and practical basis of this form of language teaching and intercultural communication.
Impact of Phosphorite on pH, Electrical Conductivity and Water Soluble Phosphorous Extracted from Incubated Citrus Waste Compost

Citrus waste having acidic reaction may have additional advantage over other organic residues as compost materials in alkaline calcareous soil but the process of its composting is very slow. In this study an attempt was made to access the release of P from RP added citrus waste during 180 of incubation and its effect on pH and EC of the composting media. Citrus waste consisting pulp, fruits skin and juice with total net weight of 500 g (fresh) were added with 0, 15, 30 and 60 g of RP (equivalent to 0, 3, 6 and 12%, respectively) and were incubated in oven at 36°C ± 2 for 180 days. All pots were also added with 20 mL water and 20 g FYM to optimize the moisture level and augment the microbial decay in pots. Results showed that RP mixed citrus waste had higher pH, EC and more water-soluble P as compared to non-treated citrus waste (control) at all incubation intervals of 0, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 d suggesting releases of salts and P from RP. These values of pH, EC and water-soluble P increased with increase in RP levels and passage of time which could be associated to neutralization of RP with organic acids of citrus and CO2 mineralization with time. It is concluded that addition of RP not only enhanced the quality of compost but could also promote the citrus waste decomposition process. Though the higher RP levels was best in our results, but other levels and their consequent effect on soil and crop yields should be assessed along with their environmental risks for wider and long-term recommendations.