Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Modulation in PU2RC Systems with

This paper addresses a per user unitary precoding and rate control (PU2RC) system with adaptive multi-level quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation, where both the PU2RC operation and adaptive modulation are based on finite rate feedback. The system supports two transmission modes (single user transmit beamforming and multiuser transmission with orthogonal beamforming), and switches between the two modes to maximize the average throughput. We first study single user transmit beamforming, and derive closed-form expressions for the average throughput and bit-error rate (BER) with outdated channel information. Then, multiuser transmission with orthogonal beamforming is investigated. We analyze the throughput and BER performance without feedback delay in the normal signal noise ratio (SNR) regime, and the performance with feedback delay in the interference-limited regime. Simulation results demonstrate the effect of time delay, and the preferred regions of the single user transmission mode and multiuser transmission mode.
Statistical and Computational Inverse Problems

Classification Without Interaction”), and 13 (“Two-Way Crossed Classification With Interaction”). Every chapter contains two or more numerical example with the exception of Chapters 14 (“Three-Way and Higher-Order Crossed Classifications”) and 17 (“General r-Way Nested Classification”), which only contain one example each. Examples appear in the estimation, confidence interval, and hypothesis testing sections. Distribution of estimators is only discussed for the models in Chapters 11 and 15 (“Two-Way Nested Classification”). Chapters 11, 13, 15, and 16 (“Three-Way Nested Classification”) contain information on design considerations involving unbalanced experiments. The appendixes contain basic theoretical and methodological results useful in the development of unbalanced random models as well as information on the capabilities of widely available software. Packages discussed are SAS, SPSS, BMDP, S–PLUS, GENSTAT, and BUGS. The book is well organized and focused. It contains extensive coverage on crossed and nested unbalanced models. Because of the number of topics, the depth of coverage is occasionally limited. This is only a minor issue, since there are always a substantial number of references given. The organization of the book and the presentation of the material make difficult subject matter easier to follow. The main drawback to the book is that it deals only with completely random univariate models. Given the volume of information in the book, however, this is understandable. The authors point out this shortcoming in the Preface and suggest that a future work covering these topics may be forthcoming. For the application-oriented practitioner, a small disadvantage is that a number of the estimation approaches discussed, while interesting, cannot be found in the more commonly used statistical software packages. Regardless, the book makes an excellent resource for anyone working with unbalanced random models.
ANALYSIS OF LIGAND–RECEPTOR INTERACTIONS IN CELLS BY ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY

ABSTRACT Atomic force microscopy (AFM) increasingly has been used to analyse “receptor” function, either by using purified proteins (“molecular recognition microscopy”) or, more recently, in situ in living cells. The latter approach has been enabled by the use of a modified commercial AFM, linked to a confocal microscope, which has allowed adhesion forces between ligands and receptors in cells to be measured and mapped, and downstream cellular responses analysed. We review the application of AFM to cell biology and, in particular, to the study of ligand–receptor interactions and draw examples from our own work and that of others to show the utility of AFM, including for the exploration of cell surface functionalities. We also identify shortcomings of AFM in comparison to “standard” methods, such as receptor auto-radiography or immuno-detection, that are widely applied in cell biology and pharmacological analysis.
Unsupervised Non Parametric Data Clustering by Means of Bayesian Inference and Information Theory

In this communication, we propose a novel approach to perform the unsupervised and non parametric clustering of n-D data upon a Bayesian framework. The iterative approach developed is derived from the Classification Expectation-Maximization (CEM) algorithm, in which the parametric modelling of the mixture density is replaced by a non parametric modelling using local kernels, and the posterior probabilities account for the coherence of current clusters through the measure of class-conditional entropies. Applications of this method to synthetic and real data including multispectral images are presented. The classification issues are compared with other recent unsupervised approaches, and we show that our method reaches a more reliable estimation of the number of clusters while providing slightly better rates of correct classification in average.
Decreasing methane yield with increasing food intake keeps daily methane emissions constant in two foregut fermenting marsupials, the western grey kangaroo and red kangaroo

ABSTRACT Fundamental differences in methane (CH4) production between macropods (kangaroos) and ruminants have been suggested and linked to differences in the composition of the forestomach microbiome. Using six western grey kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus) and four red kangaroos (Macropus rufus), we measured daily absolute CH4 production in vivo as well as CH4 yield (CH4 per unit of intake of dry matter, gross energy or digestible fibre) by open-circuit respirometry. Two food intake levels were tested using a chopped lucerne hay (alfalfa) diet. Body mass-specific absolute CH4 production resembled values previously reported in wallabies and non-ruminant herbivores such as horses, and did not differ with food intake level, although there was no concomitant proportionate decrease in fibre digestibility with higher food intake. In contrast, CH4 yield decreased with increasing intake, and was intermediate between values reported for ruminants and non-ruminant herbivores. These results correspond to those in ruminants and other non-ruminant species where increased intake (and hence a shorter digesta retention in the gut) leads to a lower CH4 yield. We hypothesize that rather than harbouring a fundamentally different microbiome in their foregut, the microbiome of macropods is in a particular metabolic state more tuned towards growth (i.e. biomass production) rather than CH4 production. This is due to the short digesta retention time in macropods and the known distinct ‘digesta washing’ in the gut of macropods, where fluids move faster than particles and hence most likely wash out microbes from the forestomach. Although our data suggest that kangaroos only produce about 27% of the body mass-specific volume of CH4 of ruminants, it remains to be modelled with species-specific growth rates and production conditions whether or not significantly lower CH4 amounts are emitted per kg of meat in kangaroo than in beef or mutton production. Highlighted Article: Methane emissions from kangaroos are comparable with those of other non-ruminant foregut fermenting herbivores, and may be a function of digesta processing rather than harbouring a unique low-methane producing microbial community.
Comparative investigation of methods for determination of lactic acid in blood and in tissue extracts.

AbstractThree different methods of lactic acid assay were compared with respect to specificity, sensitivity, quantitative recovery, and methodologic error. Analyses were carried out in known lactic acid solutions and in extracts from blood, smooth and striated muscle, and rabbit intestine, both with and without addition of lactic acid. The degree to which various substances interfered with determination by the different methods was also studied. Enzymatic determination of lactic acid by means of lactic dehydrogenase from rabbit muscle consistently proved to be the most specific, the most sensitive and, as regards quantitative recovery, the best method. It was subject, moreover, to only a small methodologic error. Determination ad modum Friedemann & Graeser (1933), while yielding fully acceptable values, was inferior to the enzymatic method in the above respects. The method of Barker & Summerson (1941) involved such a large methodologic error that results obtained with that procedure should be evaluated wi.
First molecular detection and characterization of deformed wing virus (DWV) in honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) and mite (Varroa destructor) in Turkey

Deformed wing virus (DWV), a member of the genus iflavirus of the insect picorna-like viruses, is one of the most common honey bee viruses transmitted by the parasitic mite Varroa destructor during pupal stages, and is associated with wing deformities in adult honeybees. Although no data are available from Turkey up till now, DWV have been reported in many countries from all continents. In the present study, we tested the presence of DWV in Apis mellifera L and V. destructor from Ordu province of Turkey using one step reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). We were able to demonstrate that all of the worker bees with deformed wings and the varroa mites but not healthy bees were infected with DWV. BLAST analysis of the sequences of PCR products showed 96-98% similarity to polyprotein gene of known DWV virus isolates.
Inducing Rules of Ensemble Music Performance : A Machine Learning Approach

Previous research in expressive music performance has described how solo musicians intuitively shape each note in relation to local/global score contexts. However, expression in ensemble performances, where each individual voice is played simultaneously with other voices, has been little explored. We present an exploratory study in which the performance of a string quartet is recorded and analysed by a computer. We use contact microphones to acquire four audio signals from which a set of audio descriptors is extracted individually for each musician. Moreover, we use motion capture to extract bowing descriptors (bow velocity/force) from each of the four performers. The gathered multimodal data is used to align the performance to the score. Then, from the aligned data streams, we obtain a note-by-note description of the performance by extracting note performance parameters. We apply machine-learning algorithms to induce human-readable rules emerging from the data. The dataset consists of three performances of Beethoven’s quartet n° 4 in C minor by a group of professional musicians: a “normal”, a “mechanical” and an “over-emphasized” execution. We run our analysis on the three conditions separately as well as jointly, deriving rules specific to each condition and rules of general domain. Apart from encoding knowledge of expressive performance, the results shed light on how musicians' roles in ensemble performance.
Hantaan Virus Infection Causes an Acute Neurological Disease That Is Fatal in Adult Laboratory Mice

ABSTRACT Hantaan virus, the etiological agent of Korean hemorrhagic fever, is transmitted to humans from persistently infected mice (Apodemus agrarius), which serve as the primary reservoir. Here we demonstrate that several strains of adult Mus musculus domesticus (C57BL/6, BALB/c, AKR/J, and SJL/J) were susceptible to Hantaan virus infection when infected intraperitoneally. First clinical signs were loss of weight, ruffled fur, and reduced activity, which were followed by neurological symptoms, such as paralyses and convulsions. Within 2 days of disease onset, the animals died of acute encephalitis. PCR analysis indicated a systemic infection with viral RNA present in all major organs. Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization analyses of postmortem material detected viral antigen and RNA in the central nervous system (predominantly brain), liver, and spleen. In the central nervous system, viral antigen and RNA colocalized with perivascular infiltrations, the predominant pathological finding. To investigate the involvement of the interferon system in Hantaan virus pathogenesis, we infected alpha/beta interferon receptor knockout mice. These animals were more susceptible to Hantaan virus infection, indicating an important role of interferon-induced antiviral defense mechanisms in Hantaan virus pathogenesis. The present model may help to overcome shortcomings in the development of therapeutic and prophylactic measurements against hantavirus infections.
A Prediction Method of Protein Contact Based on Information Granules

In this paper, a prediction strategy of protein contact on the basis of information granules and the method to realize it have been brought forward. By this method, this study chooses some properties concerning protein 3D structure to encode, which are used as training samples of prediction model. On the basis of information granules, after dividing the training samples into several groups by applying the way of clustering analysis, this study makes use of neural network to construct a prediction model of protein contact. The experiment result indicates that this method can not only increase the prediction accuracy of protein contact map, but also realize incremental study in terms of the new training sample.
Tertiary Gleason pattern 5 on needle biopsy predicts greater tumour volume on radical prostatectomy

Objectives: The modified Gleason system of 2005 recommends incorporating higher grade tertiary patterns on needle biopsy into final Gleason scores to better correlate with radical prostatectomy findings. However, limited literature exists on the validity of this practice and the significance of tertiary Gleason patterns in needle biopsy. Methods: Over a 20 month period there were 25 cases of Gleason score 7 with tertiary pattern 5 on needle biopsy with follow-up radical prostatectomy reported at our institution. Pathological findings at radical prostatectomy from these cases were compared with those from patients with Gleason score 4 + 3 = 7 tumours (50 cases) and Gleason score 4 + 5 = 9 tumours (63 cases) on needle biopsy. Results: Comparison of Gleason score 4 + 3 = 7 with 4 + 3 = 7(+5) tumours on needle biopsy, showed a significant difference in tumour volume in the corresponding radical prostatectomy specimen (p = 0.02). Differences in patient age, serum prostate specific antigen levels at diagnosis, positive surgical margins, extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle invasion and lymph node metastases were not statistically significant between the two patient groups or when Gleason score 4 + 3 = 7(+5) and Gleason score 9 tumours were compared. Conclusion: Tertiary pattern 5 on needle biopsy predicts greater tumour volume. This suggests that for thin core biopsies, if tertiary pattern 5 is present this should be incorporated into the final Gleason score.
Sistem Informasi Pengujian Kendaraan Bermotor Dinas Perhubungan Komunikasi dan Informatika Kabupaten Kudus

Dinas Perhubungan Komunikasi dan Informatika Kabupaten Kudus memiliki salah satu bagian yaitu UPTD Pengujian Kendaraan Bermotor yang memiliki peran paling penting, yaitu melakukan pengujian terhadap kendaraan angkutan darat. Proses pengujian itu sendiri memiliki empat proses yaitu proses pendaftaran, proses pemeriksaan dan pengujian, proses pembayaran dan proses pengarsipan. Setiap uji kendaraan menghasilkan berkas uji kendaraan. Berkas uji tersebut diarsipkan tanpa melalui proses pencatatan. Berkas uji yang telah digunakan untuk pengujian juga disimpan dalam lemari pengarsipan dengan label namun fungsinya belum optimal. Hal tersebut diatas menyebabkan penyimpanan tidak terstruktur dan menyulitkan penggunaan uji berkas. Sistem yang diusulkan memiliki tujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas kinerja petugas dengan memberikan tool otomatisasi pendataan pada proses pengarsipan. Tahap perancangan sistem menggunakan metode pengembangan sistem waterfall model dan metode perancangan sistem Context Diagram dan Data Flow Diagram. Tahap implementasi program menggunakan bahasa pemrograman VB.Net dan database engine MySQL Penelitian ini menghasilkan program aplikasi Sistem Informasi Pengujian Kendaraan Bermotor yang memiliki modul menu utama yang terdiri dari file(log out dan exit), master data(data pemohon, data kendaraan, data retribusi, data jenis kendaraan dan data user), pengujian, pembayaran dan laporan
MetroNet: a disruption‐tolerant approach for mobile downloads on metro systems

In this study, we propose a disruption‐tolerant network based system called MetroNet, which exploits the precise schedules of metro systems to pre‐fetch data and facilitate mobile Internet downloads, even if an end‐to‐end path between the source (i.e. content sources) and the destination (i.e. users) does not exist contemporaneously. Using a comprehensive set of simulations, as well as real‐world scenarios of the Taipei and Atlanta metro systems, we demonstrate that MetroNet can handle the intermittent Internet connectivity caused by mobility and therefore provide a better mobile download service. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed call admission control algorithm utilises the network resource effectively and provides better quality of service for mobile users than the first‐come‐first‐serve and least‐first algorithms. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leukemogenic Activity of Filtrates from Radiation-Induced Lymphoid Tumors of Mice

Cell-free filtrates of x-ray-induced lymphoid tumors of strain C57BL/ Ka mice have elicited, on injection into newborn isologous hosts, a lymphoma incidence of 15 to 19 percent. In control mice of the same subline, the incidence of spontaneous lymphoma is about 1 percent. No leukemogenic activity could be detected in filtrates from thymi harvested at 2 to 32 days following completion of x-ray treatment. Activity was evident at 64 days and was perhaps somewhat greater at 128 days. Serial cell-free passage of filtrates in newborn F1 hybrid mice resulted in a marked increase in lymphoma incidence (69 percent), coupled with a shortening of the median latency. Supplementary x-irradiation failed to enhance the activity of filtrates after neonatal injection.
Admissible sets and feedback control for discrete-time linear dynamical systems with bounded controls and states

For linear discrete time dynamical systems, necessary and sufficient conditions are given for a control sequence, belonging to a polyhedral constraint set, to stabilize the system under the condition that the state is restricted to a polyhedral state constraint set. A variable structure linear state feedback controller, given in terms of the controls at the vertices of the polyhedral state constraint set, is presented.
Coagulase‐negative staphylococci isolated from sternal wound infections after cardiac surgery: attachment to and accumulation on sternal fixation stainless steel wires

Sternal wound infection (SWI) is a serious complication after cardiac surgery. Coagulase‐negative staphylococci (CoNS) have been found to be the most common pathogen involved in this postoperative infection related to implanted foreign materials, i.e. sternal fixation wires made from stainless steel. In this study a rapid and simple assay was developed for studying attachment and accumulation of CoNS on stainless steel wires in vitro using [3H] thymidine. The method showed a potential to detect differences in the dynamics of the adherence patterns among various CoNS isolates. However, no differences in attachment and accumulation were found between isolates causing deep SWI after cardiac surgery and contaminant isolates. In addition, there were no differences in the distribution of the ica operon between the two groups, as determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Nevertheless, the ability to produce biofilm was found to be present significantly more frequently among SWI isolates than among contaminants.
Infinite generating keys based on publish system

In this paper, we combined the public secrete key cryptograph system proposed by Diffie and Hellman, with the infinite generation keys based on grey theory. And we got another related code for cryptograph system. This is a kind of infinite generation keys based on the public key system. This system is much more secret than traditional systems, and it can also be applied in then. According to past researches, Diffe and Hellman had presented the basic concepts of cryptography, based on the discrete logarithm model. Another search in grey field, only a few papers has touch this field. It is the first time that AGO method applied in grey theory in this kind of research. Also, based on the GM(1,1) model, we used finite original code to create an infinite variables code sequence, and we got the code from the known secrete key. In this paper, we define two parameters: cryptography sequence /spl psi/ and 3rd order symmetric group S/sub 3/ and presented six cryptography models to contribute our system. Based on discrete logarithm model, the secrete value is high to O(e/sup C/spl radic/(ln(p)ln(ln(p)))/) for public system, and it is hard to calculate the sequence by the present computing ability. Therefore, to break into this system by mathematical formula is not possible nowadays. To promote the efficiency, we also develop a toolbox not only to decrease the calculation time, but also to examine the reliability of our system.
Pharmacological profile of nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptors regulating 5‐hydroxytryptamine release in the mouse neocortex

A synaptosomal preparation was employed to pharmacologically characterize the role of presynaptic nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) receptors (NOP receptors) in the regulation of 5‐hydroxytryptamine release in the Swiss mouse neocortex. In the present study, the NOP receptor ligands N/OFQ, Ac‐RYYRWK‐NH2 and [Phe1ψ(CH2‐NH)Gly2]N/OFQ(1–13)‐NH2 inhibited the K+‐induced [3H]‐5‐HT overflow with similar maximal effects (≈−35%) but different potencies (pEC50 of 8.56, 8.35 and 7.23, respectively). The novel agonist [Arg14,Lys15]N/OFQ also inhibited [3H]‐5‐HT overflow, but the concentration–response curve was biphasic and the efficacy higher (≈−45%). Receptor selectivity of NOP receptor agonists was demonstrated by showing that synaptosomes from NOP receptor knockout mice were unresponsive to N/OFQ, [Arg14,Lys15]N/OFQ and [Phe1ψ(CH2‐NH)Gly2]N/OFQ(1–13)‐NH2 but maintained full responsiveness to endomorphin‐1. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of N/OFQ was prevented by peptide ([Nphe1]N/OFQ(1–13)‐NH2 and UFP‐101) and nonpeptide (J‐113397 and JTC‐801) NOP receptor selective antagonists. Desensitization occurred under perfusion with high (3 and 10 µm) N/OFQ concentrations. This phenomenon was prevented by the protein kinase C inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide. Moreover, N/OFQ‐induced desensitization did not affect mu opioid receptor responsiveness. Finally, it was observed in a similar preparation of rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes, although it was induced by higher N/OFQ concentrations than that used in the mouse. Together, these findings indicate that presynaptic NOP receptors inhibit 5‐hydroxytryptamine release in the mouse neocortex. Based on present and previous studies, we conclude that NOP receptors in the mouse are subtly different from the homologous receptor population in the rat, strengthening the view that there exist species differences in the pharmacology of central NOP receptors.