Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
C:N:P stoichiometry in Lake Superior: freshwater sea as end member

Abstract New and synthesized information about linked carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycles in Lake Superior indicate the ways that Earth’s largest lake by area can be considered extreme, unusual, or an end member among lakes. Lake Superior is characterized by low P concentration but excess nitrate and high TN:TP and NO3−:PO43− ratios. Nitrate levels continue to rise in Lake Superior. Rates of primary productivity are modest, but due to spatial structuring as well as long food chain lengths, only small fractions of that organic carbon are likely usable by top trophic levels. Similarly, due to great depth and consequent efficient C cycling, low organic C concentrations are present at the redox boundary in the lake sediments. In this study, changes in biomass C, N, and P as a function of season and depth are presented for Lake Superior in more detail than previous studies. Linkages between biomass and P were weak at best, which was unexpected given the N:P imbalance in the lake. Both seston C and chlorophyll showed distinct mid-depth maxima, but these relatively large biomass pools were spatially removed from the main stratum involved in primary productivity. Seston P also was most concentrated within the mid-depth biomass maximum. Lake Superior is unusual among lakes in terms of N:P balance, and the limited availability of organic C to promote denitrification is a plausible mechanism to explain this.
Optimal Idle Speed Control of a Natural Aspirated Gasoline Engine Using Bio-inspired Meta- heuristic Algorithms

Email Address: nikzadfar@nit.ac. ir Optimal Idle Speed Control of a Natural Aspirated Gasoline Engine Using Bio-inspired Metaheuristic Algorithms S.Ali MirMohammadSadeghi , Kamyar Nikzadfar , Nima Bakhshinezhad 1 , Alireza Fathi 1 1 Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Mazandaran, Iran 2 Assistant Prof. Kamyar Nikzadfar, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani Univ. of Technology, Shariati Ave., Babol, Mazandaran, Iran
Momentum and mean reversion in regional housing markets: evidence from variance ratio tests

This study adds to the literature on mean aversion and mean reversion in housing prices. In contrast with the previous related literature, the persistence and reversion characteristics are studied by computing variance ratios using Kim's (2006) Wild bootstrapping and by investigating horizons up to 10 years. The variance ratios clearly indicate that housing prices do not follow random walk in any of the 15 Finnish cities included in the analysis. Instead, momentum in housing price growth is longlasting and considerable in size. Since the eventual reversion is substantially weaker than the initial mean aversion, housing is notably riskier asset in the long term than suggested by variances computed from quarterly or annual price movements. The results also show that the momentum and reversion patterns may substantially vary between regional housing markets. These differences influence the optimal housing portfolio allocation and highlight one more reason why it is complicated to use country level housing price data when analyzing the optimal portfolio allocation or housing price dynamics.
Study on Millimeter-Wave Vivaldi Rectenna and Arrays with High Conversion Efficiency

A novel Vivaldi rectenna operated at 35 GHz with high millimeter wave to direct current (MMW-to-DC) conversion efficiency is presented and the arrays are investigated. The measured conversion efficiency is 51.6% at 35 GHz and the efficiency higher than 30% is from 33.2 GHz to 36.6 GHz when the input MMW power is 79.4 mW. The receiving Vivaldi antenna loaded with metamaterial units has a high gain of 10.4 dBi at 35 GHz. A SIW- (substrate integrated waveguide-) to-microstrip transition is designed not only to integrate the antenna with the rectifying circuit directly but also to provide the DC bypass for the rectifying circuit. When the power density is 8.7 mW/cm2, the received MMW power of the antenna is 5.6 mW, and the maximum conversion efficiency of the rectenna element is 31.5%. The output DC voltage of the element is nearly the same as that of the parallel array and is about half of the series array. The DC power obtained by the 1 × 2 rectenna arrays is about two times as much as that of the element. The conversion efficiencies of the arrays are very close to that of the element. Large scale arrays could be expended for collecting more DC power.
Recognition of Minerals Using Multispectral Remote Sensing Data: A Case Study in the Sultanate of Oman

The present study demonstrates the capability of a multispectral sensor for the detection of the minerals in the rocks surrounding the Rusayl and Al Jafnayn regions, Sultanate of Oman. The study of spectral absorptions of rocks and minerals in the visible and near infrared (VNIR) and short wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectral bands of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) using the Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) supervised image classification technique has provided information on the occurrence of minerals in the rock types of the regions. The study shows the occurrence of carbonate minerals in the limestone formations and of poorly altered silicate minerals in the basic dyke rocks of the study regions. The analysis of minerals over the ancient terraces and recent alluvial deposits show that the deposit materials are derived from the dykes and foliated gabbro source rocks. The image interpretation is compared to the geological map, verified in the field and confirmed through laboratory analyses. The satellite data and the image processing techniques used have potential in the recognition of minerals in the rocks of the study region and could be used in similar arid regions elsewhere in the world.
On the thermodynamic stability of rotating black holes in higher dimensions—a comparision of thermodynamic ensembles

Thermodynamic potentials relevant to the microcanonical, the canonical and the grand canonical ensembles, associated with rotating black holes in D-dimensions, are analysed and compared. Such black holes are known to be thermodynamically unstable, but the instability is a consequence of a subtle interplay between specific heats and the moments of inertia and it manifests itself differently in the different ensembles. A simple relation between the product of the specific heat and the determinant of the moment of inertia in both the canonical and the grand canonical ensembles is derived. Myers–Perry black holes in arbitrary dimension are studied in detail. All temperature extrema in the microcanonical ensemble are determined and classified. The specific heat and the moment of inertia tensor are evaluated in both the canonical and the grand canonical ensembles in any dimension. All zeros and poles of the specific heats, as a function of the angular momenta, are determined and the eigenvalues of the isentropic moment of inertia tensor are studied and classified. It is further shown that many of the thermodynamic properties of a Myers–Perry black hole in D − 2 ? > dimensions can be obtained from those of a black hole in D dimensions by sending one of the angular momenta to infinity.
Measuring cognitive state from physiological signals in user interface research

of the master’s thesis Author Kseniia Belorustceva Title Measuring cognitive state from physiological signals in user interface research Department Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering Major Human Neuroscience and Technology Code of major Supervisor Prof. Antti Oulasvirta Advisor D.Sc. Ilkka Nissilä Date 6.1. 2018 Number of pages 4+46 Language English
A Strategy for Cast Part Shape Design Optimisation

The introduction of low cost and versatile CAD and CAE tools enable fast product development with simulation tools integrated in Computer Aided Design. The paper shows a case study with a example of simple product, how customer, foundry near consultant, and foundry together can simplify product development. The customer in future can be a brand owner, designing only product system, and foundry and consultant can serve the customer with detail designing beginning from part surface specification model. Specilisaiton is increased, and customer can concentrate on product competence instead of manufacturing knowledge.
The Use of Vocabulary Learning Strategies among Sudanese EFL Learners

Vocabulary learning strategies (VLSs) play a crucial role in vocabulary learning. For ESL or EFL learners, the lack of vocabulary knowledge in the target language may have an effect on the four language skills of EFL. The use of VLSs facilitates learners’ vocabulary learning process and helps them to become more self-directed. However, few studies have been conducted on the use of VLSs amongst by Sudanese EFL learners. VLSs used in this pilot study are based on Schmitt’s (1997) taxonomy. The main purpose of this study is to explore the vocabulary learning strategies used by Sudanese EFL learners. In addition, it attempts to investigate which vocabulary learning strategy is the most frequently used by Sudanese EFL learners. Data collected via a questionnaire of (VLSs) were adapted from Al-Fuhaid (2004). Findings indicated that Sudanese EFL learners used a medium range of strategies. Discovery strategies were the most frequent strategies of the three demonstrated.
Financial development and economic growth : empirical evidence from Namibia ( 1990 Q 1-2011 Q 4 )

I attempt to empirically establish the relationship between financial development and economic growth in Namibia using the cointegration framework. The main objectives of the article are to econometrically determine the nexus between financial development and economic growth using multivariate Granger causality tests, impulse response functions and variance decomposition, as well as propose some policy alternatives for the policy makers. The article contributes to macroeconomic literature on the financial development-economic growth relationship given the fact that it is one of the few researches on the same topic ever done on Namibia. The article finds that there is a unidirectional relationship between financial development and economic growth in Namibia running from economic growth to financial development. The findings imply that Namibia realises financial sector development when the economy grows and not the other way round. The fact that the financial services sector is not significantly influencing economic growth in Namibia is a real cause for concern which implies that either the banking sector is too small to have any significant impact on the economy or it is uncompetitive and therefore inefficient. The article recommends that one way of reforming the financial sector in Namibia is to subject it to some form of competition through the licensing of new banks, of course, taking into account the size of the Namibian market. _____________________________________________________________________________
Gap edge attributes in Neotropical rainforest, Ecuador

In many parts of the world, forestry objectives are now shifting from focusing on maximum production to a wider perspective that includes biodiversity preservation and ecosystem functioning. To achieve these targets, managers are increasingly designing cutting regimes that imitate natural disturbances, with the aim of generating a more naturally structured forest. In many old-growth forests, tree fall gaps caused by tree death constitute the dominant type of disturbance. The application of gap dynamics theory appears to be a promising option for tropical forest management and conservation. In the present study of a tree species-rich and old-growth Ecuadorian Neotropical forest, we assessed the spatial distribution of gaps and gap size in relation to: i) tree number at the gap edge, ii) number of tree species at the gap edge, iii) number of tree species per stem at the gap edge, iv) species similarity, v) species evenness at the gap edge, vi) size differentiation at the gap edge, vii) gap isolation and viii) species mingling at the gap edge. Understanding natural gap processes in these forests is crucial for establishing new forestry practices in these forests to mimic natural processes of disturbance. Our results demonstrated that the spatial distribution of gaps was random. Various gap attributes were strongly associated with gap size. The number of tree species per stem at the gap edge was negatively correlated to the gap size. Gap sizes up to 50 m 2 were mostly sufficient to generate tree species-rich forest stands. Assuming that our results were representative for an old-growth neotropical rainforest in Ecuador, our study remarks the following management recommendations: 1) Rainforests have a very complex spatial and diversity structure and logging activities should preferably be omitted because of adverse effects. 2) If logging is inevitable, this should mimic a random choice of trees and tree species, to prevent special selection of tree dimension and species; and a random distribution of trees to be logged, to produce gaps smaller than 50 m 2 and never larger than 400 m 2 . Additionally, we suggest cutting not more than 5 % of the tree biomass per 10-20 years period, to preclude stronger alterations of ecosystem processes, and the reduction of existing dead wood from the ecosystem.
A COMPACT PI-STRUCTURE DUAL BAND TRANSFORMER

A compact Pi-structure transformer operating at arbitrary dual band is proposed in this paper. To achieve the ideal impedance matching, the exact design formulas with no restrictions are obtained. In addition, it is found that there are infinite solutions for this novel transformer considering the fact that three independent variables exist in two equations. Furthermore, to verify the design formulas, the reflection characteristics in different cases are shown by numerical simulations. The horizontal length of this transformer is half of the Monzon’s dual band transformer. The proposed dual band transformer can be used in many compact dual band components such as antennas, couplers and power dividers.
Methods for supporting older users in communicating their emotions at different phases of a Living Lab Project

In this article, we focus on living lab methods that support the elicitation of emotions – a key success factor in whether a design solution will be accepted and taken up over the long term. We demonstrate the use of emotional goal models to help understand what is relevant for a target user group in the early phases of design. We promote animations and storyboards to envision the context of use and to gain an understanding of how design ideas can integrate into people’s lives. For the evaluation of ideas and to further understand user needs, we show how technology probes facilitate natural interactions with a suggested solution concept. All methods have in common that they enable older adults without design or development experience to participate in the design process and work towards a meaningful solution by helping to communicate feelings and goals that are often hard to define. Lastly, we present a process model that demonstrates our emotion-led design toolkit at various phases of a living lab process.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTION REGULATION STRATEGY USE AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK AMONG MOTHERS OF CHILDREN DIAGNOSED WITH CANCER: THE ROLE OF DISTRESS AND INFLAMMATION LEVELS

Mothers of children diagnosed with cancer are faced with numerous, prolonged stressors that can negatively impact their psychosocial functioning and thus their health. Consequently, identifying potential risk or health protective factors may be especially important for this population. In this regard, a growing number of studies suggest that individual differences in the use of emotion regulation strategies, such as expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal, may modulate the negative emotional consequences of chronic/prolonged stressors. Though limited and cross-sectional in nature, studies have also started examining associations between emotion regulation strategies of suppression and reappraisal with inflammation—an important biomarker implicated in numerous immune-mediated illnesses, including cardiovascular disease. The main objective of the present study is to extend extant findings to a prospective examination of whether the use of emotion suppression and cognitive reappraisal influence symptoms of distress and inflammation among mothers of children recently diagnosed with cancer (N=120). In the present study, inflammation was indexed by circulating and stimulated levels of IL-6. Mothers were followed from approximately one month of their child’s diagnosis (T1) to twelve months post-diagnosis. Results showed a decrease in level of distress and an increase in circulating and stimulated measures of inflammation across the follow-up period. Higher self-reported use of reappraisal related to lower levels of distress at T1; however, it did not significantly predict rate of change in distress over time. Similarly, higher self-reported use of suppression related to higher levels of distress at T1, but it did not predict rate of change in distress level across the follow-up period. In regard to inflammation, reappraisal did not relate to initial levels or change in circulating or stimulated levels of IL-6. While we also did not observe a significant association between suppression and initial circulating or stimulated IL-6, suppression did predict significantly slower increases in stimulated IL-6 levels. A similar tendency was observed on analysis of circulating IL-6. Implications of these findings and future directions are discussed.
BEAM INTERACTION WITH THIN MATERIALS: HEAT DEPOSITION, COOLING PHENOMENA AND DAMAGE LIMITS

Thin targets, inserted into particle beams can serve various purposes, starting from beam emittance measurements like in wire scanner or scintillating screens up to beam content modifications like in case of stripper foils. The mechanisms of energy deposition in a thin target for various beam types are discussed, together with properties of particles produced in this kind of interaction. The cooldown processes, from heat transfer up to cooling by sublimation, and their efficiencies are presented. Finally, damage conditions are discussed and conclusions about typical damage limits are drawn. The experiments performed with the wire scanners at CERN accelerators and a mathematical model of heating and cooling of a wire are presented.
Cancer suspicion in general practice, urgent referral, and time to diagnosis: a population-based GP survey nested within a feasibility study using information technology to flag-up patients with symptoms of colorectal cancer

Background Patients with symptoms of possible colorectal cancer are not always referred for investigation. Aim To ascertain barriers and facilitators to GP referral of patients meeting the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines for urgent referral for suspected colorectal cancer. Design & setting Qualitative study in the context of a feasibility study using information technology in GP practices to flag-up patients meeting urgent referral criteria for colorectal cancer. Method Semi-structured interview with 18 GPs and 12 practice managers, focusing on early detection of colorectal cancer, issues in the use of information technology to identify patients and GP referral of these patients for further investigation were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analysed according to emergent themes. Results There were two main themes: wide variation in willingness to refer and uncertainty about whether to refer; and barriers to referral. Three key messages emerged: there was a desire to avoid over-referral, lack of knowledge of guidelines, and the use of individually-derived decision rules for further investigation or referral of symptoms. Some GPs were unaware that iron deficiency anaemia or persistent diarrhoea are urgent referral criteria. Alternatives to urgent referral included undertaking no investigations, trials of iron therapy, use of faecal occult blood tests (FOBt) and non-urgent referral. In minority ethnic groups (South Asians) anaemia was often accepted as normal. Concerns about over-referral were linked to financial pressures and perceived criticism by healthcare commissioners, and a reluctance to scare patients by discussing suspected cancer. Conclusion GPs’ lack of awareness of referral guidelines and concerns about over-referral are barriers to early diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
Static Equilibrium of the Triangular Running Skyline System: A Three Dimensionally Movable Cable System

The static equilibrium of the Triangular Running Skyline (TRS) system was tested using a reduced scale model to see if and to what degree the carriage location and line tensions at the spars differed from the theoretically predicted ones. TRS is one of the promising environmentally sound methods for accessing the forest. The model has a span of three meters so that all conditions can be dealt with on a laboratory basis. In this test, line lengths of this model system were designed to have unstretched lengths derived from the theory of elastic catenary, to have the carriage set at a designated position. Then, the measured positions of the carriage and line tensions were compared with those derived from the theory. The results proved that the horizontal positioning error of the carriage is smaller than its vertical positioning error and that the carriage tends to be lower than its theoretical value. The greater theoretical line tension causes the error in line tension to be larger and the line tension tends to be lower than the theoretical value. In order to obtain more accurate positioning of the carriage, it is necessary to take loosening of lines, guy lines of spars, etc. into account.
Review on Extraction of Information from Stream Data Using Data Mining Technique

An information stream is a gigantic, nonstop and fast arrangement of information components. Mining information streams raises new issues for the information mining group about how to mine nonstop rapid information things that you can just have one take a gander at. Because of this reason, conventional information mining methodology is supplanted by frameworks of some unique qualities, for example, ceaseless entry in different, quick, time-changing, perhaps capricious and unbounded. Breaking down information streams help in applications like logical applications, business and stargazing and so forth. In this paper, we introduce the diagram of the developing field of Data Streams. We cover the hypothetical premise required for breaking down the floods of information. We examine the different strategies utilized for mining information streams. The center of this paper is to think about the issues required in mining information streams. At long last, proposed we finish up with a brief talk of the enormous open issues and some encouraging examination bearings later on in the territory. KeywordsData Streams, Association Mining, Classification Mining, Clustering Mining.