Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Análisis comparativo de algoritmos de árboles de decisión en el procesamiento de datos biológicos

in this work the performance of several algorithms of decision trees is evaluated, to find through comparisons, which are more effective in the analysis of biological data. Decision trees are a classification model used in artificial intelligence, whose main feature is its visual contribution to decision making. To test the performance in the classification process of the decision trees, biological data of real patients will be used, this data will be analyzed in the software WEKA. With this comparison, what is also sought is to determine the relevance of decision trees, is whether they can be a good tool for medical diagnostics. These comparisons will lead us to clarify which algorithm is the most efficient and appropriate for the analysis of said data, and thus arrive at a good conclusion.
Resgate vegetativo por alporquia de genótipos adultos de urucum ( Bixa orellana L.)

This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of an air layering technique for vegetative rescue of annatto ( Bixa orellana L.) genotypes and obtainment of propagules for vegetative propagation. Ten 12 year-old annatto stock plants, whose genotypes are derived from artificial crossing between “Hairy-green capsule” X “Smooth-red capsule” were used in this study. Air layering adventitious roots were induced in branches (1-2 cm diameter) using as substrate a mixture of vermiculite and moss. The effects of (1) the type of girdling (total or partial), 1 cm in length, (2) IBA (indole-3-butyric acid at 0 and 4.92 mM) solution in paper filter and (3) the covering with either transparent or dark plastic films and tencel were evaluated. The technique of air layering provided rooted branches for the 10 genotypes evaluated, with efficiency ranging from 20 to 100%, and a genotype effect was observed on rooting frequency. Under greenhouse conditions, the survival of layers derived from totally girdled stems treated with IBA and protected with transparent plastic was 100%. Established layers provided vigorous branching from which shoot apexes or nodal segment explants were obtained for in vitro establishment and propagation of this species.
APOGEE: Adaptive prefetching on GPUs for energy efficiency

Modern graphics processing units (GPUs) combine large amounts of parallel hardware with fast context switching among thousands of active threads to achieve high performance. However, such designs do not translate well to mobile environments where power constraints often limit the amount of hardware. In this work, we investigate the use of prefetching as a means to increase the energy efficiency of GPUs. Classically, CPU prefetching results in higher performance but worse energy efficiency due to unnecessary data being brought on chip. Our approach, called APOGEE, uses an adaptive mechanism to dynamically detect and adapt to the memory access patterns found in both graphics and scientific applications that are run on modern GPUs to achieve prefetching efficiencies of over 90%. Rather than examining threads in isolation, APOGEE uses adjacent threads to more efficiently identify address patterns and dynamically adapt the timeliness of prefetching. The net effect of APOGEE is that fewer thread contexts are necessary to hide memory latency and thus sustain performance. This reduction in thread contexts and related hardware translates to simplification of hardware and leads to a reduction in power. For Graphics and GPGPU applications, APOGEE enables an 8X reduction in multi-threading hardware, while providing a performance benefit of 19%. This translates to a 52% increase in performance per watt over systems with high multi-threading and 33% over existing GPU prefetching techniques.
Length-Length and Length-Weight Relationships of Oilfish (Ruvettus pretiosus), Escolar (Lepidocybium flavobrunneum), Snake Mackerel (Gempylus serpens), and Longnose Lancetfish (Alepisaurus ferox) From the Gulf of Mexico and the Western North Atlantic Ocean

Summary Oilfish, escolar, snake mackerel (order Aulopiformes, family Gempylidae), and longnose lancetfish (order Perciformes, family Alepisauridae) sampled from the western North Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico were analyzed for length–weight and length–length relationships. These species are encountered as occasional bycatch of pelagic longline fisheries. The fish (161 specimens, 19.0–149.1 cm TL) were collected over a 3-year period (January 2007–January 2010) from pelagic longline gear targeting swordfish and tuna. For each species, 95% confidence limits (CI) of parameters b and log a and regression coefficients (r2) were calculated for log-transformed length–weight relationships. The length–weight parameter b for all species ranged from 2.881 to 3.358, with regression coefficients (r2) ranging from 0.75 to 0.98. Linear relationships between fork lengths, standard lengths, and total lengths were also calculated.
The CPKA gene of Magnaporthe grisea is essential for appressorial penetration

The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea uses appressoria to penetrate into plant cells. Appressorium formation occurs following conidial germination on hydrophobic surfaces and may involve a cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent signaling mechanism. Recently, gene replacement mutants of CPKA, a gene encoding a proposed catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, were shown to be defective in appressorium formation, cAMP responsiveness, and lesion formation (T. K. Mitchell and R. A. Dean, Plant Cell, 7:1869–1878, 1995). Here we report a detailed phenotypic characterization of three cpkA mutants. cpkA mutants are dramatically reduced in pathogenicity toward healthy plants. However, the reduced pathogenicity does not appear to be due to a loss of appressorium formation. cpkA mutants are delayed in appressorium formation but form appressoria at the same level as wild-type strains over a 24-h period. Appressoria formed by cpkA mutants are fully melanized but are smaller than wild type and are defective in pen.
Blue mussel hatchery technology in Europe

Abstract: To date, European mussel culture has relied entirely on wild seed from suspended collectors or mussel beds. One problem faced by blue mussel producers is the unpredictability of seed supply, the amounts of wild seed available being extremely variable from year to year. A second problem is that recently spawned mussels cannot be sold due to insufficient meat. Hatcheries can complement wild seed supply. Hatcheries also allow triploid induction that produces non-maturing mussels. In this chapter, the different steps in hatchery production of mussel seed are described. A final section addresses future trends.
Molecular Cloning and Sequencing of the Merozoite Surface Antigen 2 Gene from Plasmodium falciparum Strain FCC-1/HN and Expression of the Gene in Mycobacteria1

Abstract Strain bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) of Mycobacterium bovis has been used as a live bacterial vaccine to immunize more than 3 billion people against tuberculosis. In an attempt to use this vaccine strain as a vehicle for protective antigens, the gene encoding merozoite surface antigen 2 (MSA2) was amplified from strain FCC-1/HN Plasmodium falciparum genome, sequenced, and expressed in M. bovis BCG under the control of an expression cassette carrying the promoter of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The recombinant shuttle plasmid pBCG/MSA2 was introduced into mycobacteria by electroporation, and the recombinant mycobacteria harboring pBCG/MSA2 could be induced by heating to express MSA2; the molecular mass of recombinant MSA2 was about 31 kDa. This first report of expression of the full-length P. falciparum MSA2 gene in BCG provides evidence for use of the HSP70 promoter in expressing a foreign gene in BCG and in development of BCG as a multivalent vectoral vaccine for malaria.
Enzymes of the Ornithine‐Arginine Metabolism of Trypanosomatids of the Genus Herpetomonas*

SYNOPSIS. Five strains of trypanosomatids, Herpetomonas megaseliae, H. samuelpessoai, H. muscarum muscarum, H. muscarum ingenoplastis and a newly isolated Herpetomonas sp. , were examined for the enzymes of arginine-ornithine metabolism. Ornithine carbamoyltransferase (E.C. 2.1.3.3) and argininosuccinate lyase (E.C. 4.3.2.1) were detected in cell extracts of H. megaseliae, H. samuelpessoai and H. muscarum muscarum but not of others. Both enzymes seemed repressible by arginine, which could account for their apparent absence in H. muscarum ingenoplastis and Herpetomonas sp. , which grow in a complex, arginine-rich medium. Additionally, arginine deiminase (E.C. 3.5.3.6) and citrulline hydrolase were detected in cell extracts of the 5 strains examined. This latter enzyme, previously described only in Tetrahymena, effects the single-step hydrolysis of citrulline into ammonia, ornithine and CO2. Arginase (E.C. 3.5.3.1) and urease (E.C. 3.5.1.5) were not found in any of the strains examined. Some of the physicochemical characteristics of the enzymes encountered are described.
Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics: Nomenclature

This book describes and explains the fundamental physical processes involved in bubble dynamics and the phenomenon of cavitation. It is intended as a combination of a reference book for those scientists and engineers who work with cavitation or bubble dynamics and as a monograph for advanced students interested in some of the basic problems associated with this category of multiphase flows. A basic knowledge of fluid flow and heat transfer is assumed but otherwise the analytical methods presented are developed from basic principles. The book begins with a chapter on nucleation and describes both the theory and observations of nucleation in flowing and non-flowing systems. The following three chapters provide a systematic treatment of the dynamics of the growth, collapse or oscillation of individual bubbles in otherwise quiescent liquids. Chapter 4 summarizes the state of knowledge of the motion of bubbles in liquids. Chapter 5 describes some of the phenomena which occur in homogeneous bubbly flows with particular emphasis on cloud cavitation and this is followed by a chapter summarizing some of the experiemntal observations of cavitating flows. The last chapter provides a review of the free streamline methods used to treat separated cavity flows with large attached cavities.
Strong effects of predation by fishes on an invasive macroinvertebrate in a large floodplain river

Abstract We assessed the effects of fish predation on zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in Navigation Pool 8 of the Upper Mississippi River from 13 May to 5 October, 1998. Concrete-block samplers were deployed at 18 randomly chosen sites in the main-channel border, with 6 sites in the upper, middle, and lower segments of the pool. Two blocks, 1 of which was enclosed in a cage to exclude large predatory fishes, were deployed at each site. After 145 d, blocks were retrieved from 12 of the 18 sites, and zebra mussels were found on all blocks. Densities of zebra mussels were higher on caged blocks than uncaged blocks, and the magnitudes of the differences varied spatially. Mean mussel densities on uncaged blocks were reduced by 66%, 86%, and 20% compared to caged blocks in the upper, middle, and lower pool segments, respectively, over the 145-d interval. Mean daily instantaneous zebra mussel mortality rates from large predators ranged from 0.0016 to 0.0138. Similarly, biomass of zebra mussels was higher on caged than uncaged blocks. Mean mussel biomass on uncaged blocks was reduced by 64% pool-wide, relative to biomass on caged blocks. Zebra mussels were consumed by at least 6 fish taxa including redhorse suckers (Moxostoma spp.), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), quillback carpsucker (Carpiodes cyprinus), flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris), and freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens). Fish predation had an important moderating effect on zebra mussel demography in Pool 8.
Anti-bacterial efficacy of elite medicinal plants on urolithiasis inducing flora

Medicinal plants are valuable sources of novel antibacterials which are associated with the prevention and control of urolithiasis. Seventeen plant species, namely Allium odorum (Linnaeus), Asparagus racemosus (Willdenow), Averrhoa carambola (Linnaeus), Bonnaya brachiata (Bentham), Cissus adnata (Roxburgh), Cissus discolor (Blume), Coix lachryma jobi (Linnaeus), Cuminum cyminum (Linnaeus), Eupatorium birmanicum (De Candolle), Hedychium marginatum (Charles Baron Clarke), Hibiscus sabdariffa (Linnaeus), Mimosa pudica (Linnaeus), Orthosiphon spiralis (Merrill), Oxalis corniculata (Linnaeus), Piper longum (Linnaeus), Pratia begoniifolia (Lindley) and Tamarindus indica (Linnaeus), were screened for potential antibacterial activity against four selected urolithiasis inducing flora, namely Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas stutzeri and Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae. This study was based on antibacterial susceptibility test in which the antibacterial activities of aqueous and ethanol extracts of the medicinal plants were determined by standard disc-diffusion technique. Observations were noted at the end of 24, 48 and 72 h incubation. From the screening experiments, H. sabdariffa exhibited the highest antibacterial activity in almost all the test organisms. Others, namely C. adnata, C. cyminum, O. corniculata, P. longum and T. indica also exhibited significant antibacterial effect to a certain degree. Ethanol extracts showed more efficacy for almost all the plants studied. Thus, C. adnata, C. cyminum, H. sabdariffa, O. corniculata, P. longum and T. indica show promising roles in the prevention and cure of urolithiasis. This study shows the potential and healing powers of medicinal plants and will be a great boon to the human society. In fact, folk or traditional medicinal uses represent ‘leads’ that could shortcut the discovery of modern medicines.
Changes of nitrogen and phosphorus loads to European seas

During the last decades human activity has altered the natural cycle of nitrogen and phosphorus on a global scale, producing significant emissions to waters. In Europe, the amount of nutrients discharged from rivers to coastal waters as well as the effects of mitigation measures in place are known only partially, with no consistent temporal and spatial cover. In this study, we quantify the loads and concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus discharged in the European seas over the period 1985–2005, and we discuss their impact on coastal ecosystems. To support our analysis, a catchment database covering the whole of Europe was developed together with data layers of nutrients diffuse and point sources, and the statistical model green was used to estimate the annual loads of nitrogen and phosphorus discharged in all European seas. The results of this study show that during the last 20 years, Europe has discharged 4.1–4.8 Tg yr−1 of nitrogen and 0.2–0.3 Tg yr−1 of phosphorus to its coastal waters. We show that beside the North Sea and part of the Baltic Sea, annual nutrient exports have not changed significantly, in spite of the implementation of measures to reduce nutrient sources, and that the N : P ratio has increased steadily, especially in the North, Mediterranean and Atlantic seas. The response of river basins to changes in inputs was not linear, but influenced by climatic variations and nutrients previously accumulated in soils and aquifers. An analysis of the effects of European environmental policies shows that measures to reduce phosphorus were more successful that those tackling nitrogen and that policies aimed at point sources were more effective or more effectively implemented than those controlling pollution from diffuse sources. The increase of the N : P ratio could fuel eutrophication in N‐limited coastal ecosystems, reducing biodiversity and the ecosystem's resilience to future additional anthropogenic stress, such as climate change.
Customer-base concentration, profitability and distress across the corporate life cycle

Using a recently expanded data set on supplier-customer links, we examine how customer concentration affects firm profitability. We find that the relation between customer concentration and firm profitability is more complex than recent literature suggests. We confirm that customer concentration promotes operating efficiencies for profitable firms. However, we �find a different result for younger, less profitable �firms where customer concentration impairs firm profitability and can increase distress risk. We explain these differences by introducing a relationship life-cycle hypothesis wherein the relation between customer-base concentration and profitability is time-varying; being significantly negative in the early years of the relationship, and turning positive as the relationship matures. The key driver of this dynamic is the customer-specific investments the relationship entails. These investments result in larger �fixed costs and greater operating leverage early in the relationship, but can significantly benefit the firm as the relationship matures.
Description of Two Oxytrichid Ciliates (Ciliophora: Sporadotrichida: Oxytrichidae) Newly Reported from Korea

To investigate the Korean ciliate fauna, two oxytrichid ciliates, Laurentiella strenua (Dingfelder, 1962) and Notohymena australis (Foissner and O’Donoghue, 1990) were collected from the Taehwa River in Ulsan, South Korea. These two ciliates are reported for the first time in Korea. Descriptions were based on the observation of live and silver stained specimens. Diagnoses of these species are as follows: Laurentiella strenua: body is approximately 320×170 μm in size, an inverted triangular shape. Cytoplasmic globules are present in both anterior and posterior margins, transparent and sized 10-15 μm in live specimens. Adoral zone of membranelles is covering about 50% of body length. Frontoventral-transverse cirri are arranged diagonally into 5 rows. Transverse cirri are arranged almost longitudinally and varied 4-6 in number. Dorsal kineties are 11 rows with multiple fragmentations. Macronuclei are 4-5 in number. Notohymena australis: body is approximately 170×50 μm in live specimens, slender and long ellipsoidal shape. Yellowish green cortical granules are present as pairs or rows which composed of 3-6 granules. Adoral zone of membranelles is covering about 36% of the body length, composed of 39-50 adoral membranelles. Dorsal kineties is 6 rows. Macronuclei are 2 in number.
Extraction of total RNA from mangrove plants to identify different genes involved in its adaptability to the variety of stresses.

Nucleic acids extraction from mangroves as woody plants needs lots of practical experience. In the present study, three different methods and the RNeasy plant mini kit were used to extract nucleic acids from mangrove plant. Modified CTAB method provided high integrity and concentration of DNA and RNA, respectively from roots and leaves. This method was successful in extraction of RNA from roots but failed for leaves of mangrove. The CTAB with β-mercaptoethanol increases RNA concentration while it decreases the purity of RNA. High yield of RNA extracted from mangrove leaves was obtained by modifying the SDS method. However, the integrity of RNA decreased. When polyvinylpyrrolidone was used to inhibit polyphenol oxidase activity, the yield and integrity of RNA had improved significantly. Therefore, the objective of this study was to isolate and identify the different genes involved in the adaptation of mangrove plants to different kind of stresses. Two-month old seedlings of the Rhizophora apiculata were exposed to 450 mM NaCl for 24 hours under hydroponic culture. Then, the expression of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH) gene was studied using reverse transcriptase-PCR and real-time qRT-PCR.
Protection against UVB-Induced Photoaging by Nypa fruticans via Inhibition of MAPK/AP-1/MMP-1 Signaling

Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation is major causative factor in skin aging. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of a 50% ethanol extract from Nypa fruticans (NF50E) against UVB-induced skin aging. The results indicated that NF50E exerted potent antioxidant activity (IC50 = 17.55 ± 1.63 and 10.78 ± 0.63 μg/mL for DPPH and ABTS-radical scavenging activity, respectively) in a dose-dependent manner. High-performance liquid chromatography revealed that pengxianencin A, protocatechuic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, and kaempferol were components of the extract. In addition, the extract exhibited elastase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 17.96 ± 0.39 μg/mL). NF50E protected against UVB-induced HaCaT cell death and strongly suppressed UVB-stimulated cellular reactive oxygen species generation without cellular toxicity. Moreover, topical application of NF50E mitigated UVB-induced photoaging lesions including skin erythema and skin thickness in BALB/C mice. NF50E treatment inhibited UVB-induced collagen degradation as well as MMP-1 and IL-1β expressions and significantly stimulated SIRT1 expression. Furthermore, the extract treatment markedly suppressed the activation of NF-κB and AP-1 (p-c-Jun) by deactivating the p38 and JNK proteins. Taken together, current data suggest that NF50E exhibits potent antioxidant potential and protection against photoaging by attenuating MMP-1 activity and collagen degradation possibly through the downregulation of MAPK/NF-κB/AP-1 signaling and SIRT1 activation.
Efeito do extrato aquoso de leucena na germinação e no desenvolvimento do milho

Foram desenvolvidos bioensaios, na Embrapa-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Milho e Sorgo (CNPMS), para avaliar o efeito de extratos aquosos, a frio e a quente, da parte aerea de leucena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit. ), sobre a germinacao e o desenvolvimento das plantas de milho (Zea mays L.). Os extratos foram preparados na concentracao 20% (p/v), e avaliados em solo e papel- germiteste, em casa de vegetacao, e em papel-filtro em laboratorio. O extrato obtido com agua fria (EF) e aplicado ao solo nao causou nenhum efeito fitotoxico sobre a germinacao e o desenvolvimento das plantas de milho. O extrato obtido com agua quente (EQ), quando aplicado em papel-germiteste ou papel-filtro, causou reducao no comprimento da raiz seminal, mas nao interferiu na germinacao das sementes de milho. O comprimento da raiz seminal foi um indicador mais sensivel aos efeitos do EQ do que a germinacao.
Bayesian optimisation of RANS simulation with ensemble-based variational method in convergent-divergent channel

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the applicability of a hybrid data assimilation approach, namely ensemble-based variational method (EnVar), to optimise Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations in convergent-divergent channel from the perspective of Bayesian inference. Concretely, the ensemble-based variational method is applied to infer the inlet velocity and turbulence model corrections by assimilating Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) results or limited experimental data. The approach is first adopted to infer the inlet velocity profile for the WallTurb Bump and Venturi geometry. The improvement can be achieved near the inlet region for the bump, but for Venturi in light of the view field limited in adverse pressure gradient region, the observation space is not sensitive to the perturbation of inlet condition. In a second step, the model corrections in k−ω SST model are investigated by assimilating the limited sparse experimental data. With the inferred model corrections, the predictions on bo.