Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alterations in xenobiotic metabolism in the long‐lived Little mice

Our previous microarray expression analysis of the long‐lived Little mice (Ghrhrlit/lit) showed a concerted up‐regulation of xenobiotic detoxification genes. Here, we show that this up‐regulation is associated with a potent increase in resistance against the adverse effects of a variety of xenobiotics, including the hepatotoxins acetaminophen and bromobenzene and the paralyzing agent zoxazolamine. The classic xenobiotic receptors Car (Constitutive Androstane Receptor) and Pxr (Pregnane X Receptor) are considered key regulators of xenobiotic metabolism. Using double and triple knockout/mutant mouse models we found, however, that Car and Pxr are not required for the up‐regulation of xenobiotic genes in Little mice. Our results suggest instead that bile acids and the primary bile acid receptor Fxr (farnesoid X receptor) are likely mediators of the up‐regulation of xenobiotic detoxification genes in Little mice. Bile acid levels are considerably elevated in the bile, serum, and liver of Little mice. We found that treatment of wild‐type animals with cholic acid, one of the major bile acids elevated in Little mice, mimics in large part the up‐regulation of xenobiotic detoxification genes observed in Little mice. Additionally, the loss of Fxr had a major effect on the expression of the xenobiotic detoxification genes up‐regulated in Little mice. A large fraction of these genes lost or decreased their high expression levels in double mutant mice for Fxr and Ghrhr. The alterations in xenobiotic metabolism in Little mice constitute a form of increased stress resistance and may contribute to the extended longevity of these mice.
IQGAP1 is associated with nuclear envelope reformation and completion of abscission

The final stage of mitosis is cytokinesis, which results in 2 independent daughter cells. Cytokinesis has 2 phases: membrane ingression followed by membrane abscission. IQGAP1 is a scaffold protein that interacts with proteins implicated in mitosis, including F-actin, myosin and CaM. IQGAP1 in yeast recruits actin and myosin II filaments to the contractile ring for membrane ingression. In contrast, we show that mammalian IQGAP1 is not required for ingression, but coordinates nuclear pore complex (NPC) reassembly and completion of abscission. Depletion of IQGAP1 disrupts Nup98 and mAb414 nuclear envelope localization and delays abscission timing. IQGAP1 phosphorylation increases 15-fold upon mitotic entry at S86, S330 and T1434, with the latter site being targeted by CDK2/Cyclin A and CDK1/Cyclin A/B in vitro. Expressing the phospho-deficient mutant IQGAP1-S330A impairs NPC reassembly in cells undergoing abscission. Thus, mammalian IQGAP1 functions later in mitosis than its yeast counterpart to regulate nuclear pore assembly in a S330 phosphorylation-dependent manner during the abscission phase of cytokinesis.
Optical emission spectroscopy for diagnosis of diamond growth and etching processes in microwave plasma

For a better control and understanding of growth process of CVD single crystal diamond in microwave (MW) plasma it is important to monitor a large number of the gas phase parameters (chemistry, temperature, concentrations, etc.). A relatively simple and non-perturbing method to measure the plasma parameters is the optical emission spectroscopy (OES) [1, 2]. The OES advantage is also in a fast response to variation of the plasma parameters in the reactor. Here we present the results of OES application to characterize the MW plasma (2.45 GHz) in course of diamond deposition in H2-CH4 mixtures and etching in pure H2. The emission from the plasma passed through a quartz window in the CVD reactor chamber and an image was formed by a lens onto a matted silica plate (OES configuration (I)). The emission collected by a 0.6 mm diameter quartz fiber was directed to a spectrometer (Ocean Optics HR 4000, wavelength range of 400– 800 nm, spectral resolution 0.6 nm. The fiber tip was translated across the image of the plasma to record spatially resolved emission spectra along X or Z axes, parallel and perpendicularly to the substrate, respectively, with the istance of –25 to +25 mm along the X axis (counting from the plasma center), and from zero (the substrate position) to 50 mm along Z axis. The probed volume was a cylinder with diameter of 1.5–2 mm directed along the plasma ball diameter (Y direction), thus the spatial resolution of ~1.5 mm in the OES was obtained both for X and Z axes [2]. In another OES configuration (II) a M833 spectrometer (Solar Laser System) with high spectral resolution of 0.01 nm, equipped with a double grating with 2400 lines/mm and CCD image sensor Hamamatsu S104201006, was used. The optical fiber system collected the emission from a cylinder of 12 mm diameter directed horizontally along the plasma ball diameter (Y direction). The gas temperature was evaluated from OES data measured in the central region of plasma by the analysis of the (0,0) band of C2 Swan system (d g → a u) following the procedure described in [3, 4]. A thermal equilibrium between heavy species’ translational and rotational modes, and a Boltzmann distribution of the rotational levels of the considered vibrational state are assumed. The spectroscopy of the Swan transitions of the C2 molecule ( = 516 nm) with well-resolved rotational components was used to measure the gas temperature with accuracy of ±150 °C upon wide variation, 1÷13%, in methane concentration [5]. The rotational temperature Trot only weakly depends on the absorbed MW power (Fig.1). It increase from ~3000 K at low (2%) CH4 content to 4000–4500 K at higher (7–13%) CH4 concentrations. Fig. 1. Rotational temperature Trot in the core of plasma cloud measured from C2 fine structure spectrum vs MW power at CH4-consentations: 2, 7, 4 10, 13, 10%, and pressure p = 130 Torr
The role of slant in the perception of shape.

When a figure or the plane surface of an object is oriented obliquely to the line of sight, the shape of its retinal image differs from its real shape; if the perceived shape nevertheless approximates the objective shape, we call this an example of 'shape-constancy. ' The traditional explanation of shape-constancy assumes that the orientation of the figure or surface is registered, and its slant relative to the line of sight taken into account, as the shape is perceived. This explanation is derived by analogy to other constancies, as, for example, size-constancy, where distance is taken into account. There is, however, no empirical evidence in the literature that the perceptual process follows such a course. Experiments in the area hardly go beyond the demonstration of shape-constancy. As a matter of fact, that the perception of shape depends on cues for slant is not even a logically necessary assumption. To talk separately of slant and shape makes little sense where, with monocular observation, only perspective cues for slant are given. Such perspective cues consist in the deformation of the retinal images of familiar shapes and they imply 'assumptions' about the true shapes. Only when these assumptions are correct, that is, when the shapes viewed are in fact the familiar ones, will adequate cues for slant exist, but in that case, cues for slant are no longer needed; the 'assumptions' themselves can account for the perception of familiar shape. When a slanted surface is binocularly observed and stereoscopic vision operates, the notion that both shape and slant result directly from the given disparities is quite feasible. Those who think in terms of an inherently three-dimensional perceived space with an inherent geometry would take such an assumption for granted. When, for example, the two oblongs of Fig. 1 are stereoscopically combined, the given disparity causes the right verticaI edge of the perceived rectangle to be located in a frontal pIane a certain distance behind the frontal plane of the left edge. Hand in hand with this oblique position goes a greater width of the perceived obIong When the existence of a perceptual space is assumed in which the
Low footprint High intelligibility Malay speech synthesizer based on Statistical Data

Speech synthesis plays a pivotal role nowadays. It can be found in various daily applications such as in mobile phones, navigation systems, languages learning software and so on. In this study, a Malay language speech synthesizer was designed using hidden Markov model to improve the performance of current Malay speech synthesizer and also extend Malay speech technology. Statistical parametric method was utilized in this study. The database was constructed to be balanced with all the phonetic sample appeared in Malay language. The results were rated by 48 listeners and obtained a moderate high rating ranging from 3.79 to 4.23 out of 5. The computed Word Error Rate is 7.1%. The total file size is less than 2 Megabytes which means it is suitable to be embedded into daily application. In conclusion, a Malay language speech synthesizer was designed using statistical parametric method with hidden Markov model. The output speech was verified to be good in quality. The file size is small indicates the feasibility to be used in embedded system.
A multicenter study of initiation of antiretroviral therapy and transmitted drug resistance in antiretroviral-naive adolescents and young adults with HIV in New York City.

BACKGROUND In December 2009, the Department of Health and Human Services guidelines for initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) changed to include patients with CD4 counts between 350 and 500 cells/µL. The aims of this study were to assess uptake of this recommendation in ART-naive youth with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to describe the epidemiology of transmitted genotypic drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in this population. METHODS A multicenter, retrospective cohort study of ART initiation in ART-naive youth was performed. Eligible subjects were 13-25 years of age, were diagnosed with HIV within 1 year of presentation to care at the study sites, and presented to care from January 2007 to June 2011. RESULTS Of 685 potential subjects identified, 331 (49%) fulfilled inclusion criteria. Mean CD4 count at presentation to care was 452 cells/µL. Overall, 191 (58%) subjects started ART. The mean CD4 count at ART initiation was 261 cells/µL before and 363 cells/µL after the 2009 guideline change (P < .0001). Of 212 (64%) subjects with resistance testing available prior to ART initiation, 38 (18%) subjects had a major DRM and an increased proportion of resistance was seen in later study years. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated an uptake in recently changed guideline recommendations to treat HIV-infected individuals at higher CD4 counts and reinforces the importance of performing resistance testing at entry into care, as 18% of our population had major DRMs prior to initiation of ART.
Improving Cell‐Free Protein Synthesis through Genome Engineering of Escherichia coli Lacking Release Factor 1

Site‐specific incorporation of non‐standard amino acids (NSAAs) into proteins opens the way to novel biological insights and applications in biotechnology. Here, we describe the development of a high yielding cell‐free protein synthesis (CFPS) platform for NSAA incorporation from crude extracts of genomically recoded Escherichia coli lacking release factor 1. We used genome engineering to construct synthetic organisms that, upon cell lysis, lead to improved extract performance. We targeted five potential negative effectors to be disabled: the nuclease genes rna, rnb, csdA, mazF, and endA. Using our most productive extract from strain MCJ.559 (csdA− endA−), we synthesized 550±40 μg mL−1 of modified superfolder green fluorescent protein containing p‐acetyl‐L‐phenylalanine. This yield was increased to ∼1300 μg mL−1 when using a semicontinuous method. Our work has implications for using whole genome editing for CFPS strain development, expanding the chemistry of biological systems, and cell‐free synthetic biology.
Evolution of homeobox genes

Many homeobox genes encode transcription factors with regulatory roles in animal and plant development. Homeobox genes are found in almost all eukaryotes, and have diversified into 11 gene classes and over 100 gene families in animal evolution, and 10 to 14 gene classes in plants. The largest group in animals is the ANTP class which includes the well‐known Hox genes, plus other genes implicated in development including ParaHox (Cdx, Xlox, Gsx), Evx, Dlx, En, NK4, NK3, Msx, and Nanog. Genomic data suggest that the ANTP class diversified by extensive tandem duplication to generate a large array of genes, including an NK gene cluster and a hypothetical ProtoHox gene cluster that duplicated to generate Hox and ParaHox genes. Expression and functional data suggest that NK, Hox, and ParaHox gene clusters acquired distinct roles in patterning the mesoderm, nervous system, and gut. The PRD class is also diverse and includes Pax2/5/8, Pax3/7, Pax4/6, Gsc, Hesx, Otx, Otp, and Pitx genes. PRD genes are not generally arranged in ancient genomic clusters, although the Dux, Obox, and Rhox gene clusters arose in mammalian evolution as did several non‐clustered PRD genes. Tandem duplication and genome duplication expanded the number of homeobox genes, possibly contributing to the evolution of developmental complexity, but homeobox gene loss must not be ignored. Evolutionary changes to homeobox gene expression have also been documented, including Hox gene expression patterns shifting in concert with segmental diversification in vertebrates and crustaceans, and deletion of a Pitx1 gene enhancer in pelvic‐reduced sticklebacks. WIREs Dev Biol 2013, 2:31–45. doi: 10.1002/wdev.78
Hand Gesture Recognition Using Kinect's Geometric and HOG Features

Hand gesture recognition plays an important role in human computer interaction (HCI). Despite the recent progress, the accuracy of up-to-date methods is still not satisfactory. In this work, we proposed a comparative study to recognize six hand gestures in real time using the Kinect sensor. First, we developed a tracking method of the hand in the scene where the center of the palm is detected using depth data and projected into the color image. Second, geometric features were extracted from depth image and Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) descriptors from the color image. Finally, based on those extracted features, a support vector machines (SVM) and an artificial neural network (ANN) are trained and compared.
Convolutional coding for finite-state channels

We propose new decoders for decoding convolutional codes over finite-state channels. These decoders are sequential and utilize the information about the channel state sequence contained in the channel output sequence. The performance of these decoders is evaluated by simulation and compared to the performance of memoryless decoders with and without interleaving. Our results show that the performance of these decoders is good whenever the channel statistics are such that the joint estimate of the channel state sequence and the channel input sequence is good, as, for example, when the channel is bursty. In these cases using even a partial search decoder such as the Fano decoder over the appropriate trellis is nearly optimal. However, when the information between the output sequence and the sequence of channel states and inputs diminishes, the memoryless decoder with interleaving outperforms even the optimal decoder which knows the channel state.
Evaluation of Covariates Influence on Urapidil Pharmacokinetics using Non-Linear Mixed Effect Model

Drug development is a very laborious, expensive and time consuming process. Inadequate pharmacokinetic knowledge on the drug candidate is one of the reasons for failure during drug development. The in-vivo absorbability of drugs categorized as BCS Class II is very difficult to predict because of the large variability in the absorption or dissolution kinetics. Urapidil comes under the category of BCS Class II. Thus, present study was aimed to assess the influence of covariates on pharmacokinetics of Urapidil from typical pharmacokinetics studies using population pharmacokinetic model. In this study one compartment model incorporating subject specific parameters was developed and evaluated. Results demonstrated that the one compartment absorption model without lag time under first order estimation method best describes the pharmacokinetics of Urapidil. The final model described the body weight influence on apparent oral clearance of Urapidil and 27.60% of the inter-individual variability was explained by the covariate body weight. Thus, it can be concluded that body weight was found to be the most important covariate for clearance of Urapidil. The projected model shall further developed in patients treated for Urapidil and results from this study should interpret cautiously while any dose adjustment for Urapidil treatment in patient population.
Differential effects of myostatin deficiency on motor and sensory axons

Deletion of myostatin in mice (MSTN−/−) alters structural properties of peripheral axons. However, properties like axon diameter and myelin thickness were analyzed in mixed nerves, so it is unclear whether loss of myostatin affects motor, sensory, or both types of axons.
Performance Improvement of a Wideband MIMO System by Using Two-Port RLWA

In this letter, we demonstrate the performance achievable with a highly reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna (RLWA) when used as a building block of a wideband multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) communication system. The antenna design consists of a periodic structure, composed of cascaded composite right/left-hand (CRLH) microstrip unit cells with tunable electrical characteristics, that is capable of steering its radiation beam over a wide angular range. Field measurements collected in an indoor environment employing an array of dipoles at the transmitter and the RLWA and an array of dipoles at the receiver are used to measure the RLWA achievable gains. We show that the proposed antenna is capable of providing significant gains, with respect to a traditional array of dipoles, while reducing the space occupied by the antenna on the communication device.
Real-time map building and autonomous motion planning for unmanned ground vehicles

This paper studies local elevation map building and autonomous motion planning based on feasible direction angle for unmanned ground vehicles (UGV). Founding on the configuration of sensor system mounted on unmanned ground vehicle, an algorithm of building local map based on multiple lasers is introduced, and the influence of dynamic obstacle is wiped out by combining with an algorithm of tracking dynamic obstacle. Basing on the real-time local map, feasible direction angle and vector field histogram (VFH) are presented, as so to accomplish the target of autonomous motion planning for unmanned ground vehicles in different scenes and operating states. Experiment results and data analysis prove the validity and practicability of the proposed approaches.
IEC & IEEE medium voltage distribution equipment standards, review & analysis

Global users of electrical power equipment are increasingly given the option of implementing either NEMA/ANSI or IEC equipment on projects. In many parts of the world either set of standards may apply. IEC and IEEE standards have come substantially closer over the last decade. However differences remain. The authors will explain differences in the applicable standards and what those differences may mean to a user. The intent is to provide the user an analytical basis upon which to understand the tradeoffs that may be made choosing one set of standards versus the other.
Tele-Diagnosis System for Rural Thailand

— Thailand’s health system is challenged by the rising number of patients and decreasing ratio of medical practitioners/patients, especially in rural areas. This may tempt inexperienced GPs to rush through the process of anamnesis with the risk of incorrect diagnosis. Patients have to travel far to the hospital and wait for a long time presenting their case. Many patients try to cure themselves with traditional Thai medicine. Many countries are making use of the Internet for medical information gathering, distribution and storage. Telemedicine applications are a relatively new field of study in Thailand; the infrastructure of ICT had hampered widespread use of the Internet for using medical information. With recent improvements made health and technology professionals can work out novel applications and systems to help advance telemedicine for the benefit of the people. Here we explore the use of telemedicine for people with health problems in rural areas in Thailand and present a Telemedicine Diagnosis System for Rural Thailand (TEDIST) for diagnosing certain conditions that people with Internet access can use to establish contact with Community Health Centers, e.g. by mobile phone. The system uses a Web-based input method for individual patients’ symptoms, which are taken by an expert system for the analysis of conditions and appropriate diseases. The analysis harnesses a knowledge base and a backward chaining component to find out, which health professionals should be presented with the case. Doctors have the opportunity to exchange emails or chat with the patients they are responsible for or other specialists. Patients’ data are then stored in a Personal Health Record.
Constructive Negation Based on the Completed Database

1. The following program shows that constructive negation can finitely fails whereas the " delay technique " produces infinite computation p(a). % File delay.pnt in programs.zip p(f(X)):-p(X). r(X):-! s(X). s(g(X)). Both questions : ! r(X),p(X). and p(X),! r(X). produce an immediate fail in the BCN prototype. However, the " the delay technique " checks if each answer for p(X) is a finite failure of r(X) (which, indeed, is the case), producing an infinite number of checks. 2. The following program is a typical example of recursion through negation: even(0). % File even.pnt in programs.zip even(s(X)):-! even(X). Both questions ! even(Z). and ! even(Z),even(s(Z)). , conducted by the BCN prototype, produce the answers: • Z = s(0); • Z = s(s(s(0))); • Z = s(s(s(s(s(0))))); • … and so on However, the question ! even(Z),! even(s(Z)). produces infinite computation (without answers). This is the expected behaviour if we consider the declarative semantics given by the three-valued logical consequences of program completion. 3. A similar behaviour is shown by the following definite program: less(0,s(Y)). %File less.pnt in programs. whereas the question ! less(X,s(X)) produces (as expected) infinite computation (without answers).
Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells in Serum‐Free Medium Reveals Distinct Roles for Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Stem Cell Factor, and Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 in Hematopoiesis

We have utilized a serum‐ and stromal cell‐free “spin embryoid body (EB)” differentiation system to investigate the roles of four growth factors, bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), stem cell factor (SCF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2), singly and in combination, on the generation of hematopoietic cells from human embryonic stem cells (HESCs). Of the four factors, only BMP4 induced expression of genes that signaled the emergence of the primitive streak‐like population required for the subsequent development of hematopoietic mesoderm. In addition, BMP4 initiated the expression of genes marking hematopoietic mesoderm and supported the generation of hematopoietic progenitor cells at a low frequency. However, the appearance of robust numbers of hematopoietic colony forming cells and their mature progeny required the inclusion of VEGF. Finally, the combination of BMP4, VEGF, SCF, and FGF2 further enhanced the total yield of hematopoietic cells. These data demonstrate the utility of the serum‐free spin EB system in dissecting the roles of specific growth factors required for the directed differentiation of HESCs toward the hematopoietic lineage.