Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
APPLICATION OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY IN THE STUDY OF FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY

Recent progress of immunohistochemistry has demonstrated over 40 kinds of neuronal signals in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Some of the signals were found initially in the nervous systems and determined thereafter in other organs. On the contrary, some others were found at first in extraneural tissues and later determined in the nervous tissues. Some of the signals were released at the fiber terminals of neuronal cells into the pericapillary spaces to act as hormones. Some others, however, were released into intercellular spaces or into synaptic crefts and act as neuromodulators or neurotransmitters to other neurons. To clarify the physiological significance of those signal substances, it is necessary to determine their ultrastructural topography. In the present study we describe general considerations for electron microscopic immunohistochemistry in the study of neural signal substances. Technical procedures For the ultrastructural localization of tissue antigens, the antigen-antibody reaction should be represented by the production of electron-opaque molecules. Neuronal signal substances are readily soluble and must be fixed before being used for immunohistochemical studies. Most of commonly used fixatives are effective in immobilizing peptides or proteins by introducing interand intramolecular cross-links. Formation of such cross-links may also modify antigenic regions to the extent that they become immunologically unrecognizable. Many fixatives are so efficient in precipitating membrane and cytosol proteins that they create inpenetrable barriers to relatively large antibody enzyme complexes. Hence, when preparing tissues or cells for immunocytochemistry, we balance the need for immobilizing antigens and preserving tissue structure against the need for preserving antigenicity and antibody accessibility. Freeze-drying and freeze-substitution techniques were introduced recently into immunocytochemistry with great success for the localization of a number of bioactive substances. The present study deals with the freeze-drying technique developed by us (2). Tissue pieces were prepared and quickly frozen in Freon cooled in liquid nitrogen. Tissues were cut into small pieces (<1 mm3) with a razor on an ice-cold glass slide. Each of the tissue pieces was attached to the tip of a small stainless-steel needle, and the needle was quickly immersed in liquid Freon by a spring-gun type device. The needles with frozen tissues were collected in liquid Freon and transferred into liquid nitrogen by a small copper container filled with Freon. Immersed the li-
PERLECAN regulation of SONIC HEDGEHOG signaling in advanced prostate cancer: From Drosophila to humans

PERLECAN Regulation of SONIC HEDGEHOG Signaling in Advanced Prostate Cancer: From Drosophila to Humans. (May 2008) Ana Maria Hernandez Cotes, B.S., Universidad de Los Andes Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Sumana Datta Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death from cancer in men in the United States. Most men will die of the advanced, metastatic form of the disease. Thus, treatment strategies targeting the metastatic form of the disease are especially needed. Emerging research on metastatic cancer highlights the importance of the microenvironment in cancer progression and metastasis, with an emphasis on deregulated developmental signaling in cancer progression. Research in model organisms has shown that developmental signaling pathways are regulated by various components of the extracellular matrix, including heparan sulfate proteoglycans. In the model system Drosophila, the heparan sulfate proteoglycan Trol is needed for Hhdependent proliferation in quiescent neural stem cells. In collaboration with others, I have shown that the human homolog of Trol, PERLECAN, regulates SONIC HEDGEHOG-dependent proliferation in advanced prostate cancer by two different mechanisms. This makes PERLECAN a potential drug target and biomarker for prostate cancer screening and treatment. My results also validate the discoveries made in Drosophila in the context of human disease. With this validation, I propose and describe the Drosophila Ejaculatory Bulb (EjB) as model for prostate cancer and prostate aging.
Age and Growth of the Brook Trout in a Wyoming Beaver Pond

PARTLY because of its preference for coldwater habitats, the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) has been widely introduced into spring creeks, beaver ponds, and high altitude lakes and streams in western North America. Beaver ponds have always been one of the favorite planting sites. The inaccessibility of these populations of brook trout, to fishermen and biologists alike, has placed their management on a conjectural basis in most instances. The literature on brook trout contains little information on populations in beaver ponds. Beaver-trout relationships have been the subject of debate, but with almost no supporting data. This paper, in presenting information on a relatively undisturbed brook trout population in a small Wyoming beaver pond, attempts to remedy some of these deficiencies.
Arthropod Resistance in a Petunia Ecotype with Glabrous Leaves

A novel ecotype of Petunia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia var. depauperata with glabrous leaves was found near the town of Torres, Brazil, and hybridized with P. ×hybrida. In the F, and F 2 generations, the glabrous leaf trait was quantitatively inherited with high heritability. The absence of trichomes was not associated with the decrease in the resistance of the glabrous-leaved species and hybrids to aphids, but was correlated with a lower resistance to spider mites.
Stocks Price Prediction by Fundamental Analysis Using Machine Learning Algorithms

In this academic research, we make an effort to put machine learning methods for stock price prediction. Stock price forecasting uses machine learning effectively. In order to make wiser and more accurate financial decisions, machine learning methods can be examined. The scope of this research work revolves around financial ratios published by companies. This research paper puts forth a stock market price forecasting technique based on the fundamental study of stocks. The technique examines the financial ratios or parameters of stocks over a specific period of time and forecasts whether they will experience a gain or loss. We found that strategies like random forest and the LSTM algorithm function best throughout the system of thinking about various strategies and factors that should be taken into account.
AASH: A Lightweight and Efficient Static IoT Malware Detection Technique at Source Code Level

IoT malware applications significantly threaten user privacy and security. Traditionally, IoT developers have focused primarily on hardware, but connectivity requires additional embedded software, usually developed by third-party developers. Unfortunately, third-party code is not always secure and trustworthy, and it frequently contains bugs and malicious code, which leaves IoT devices vulnerable. We propose the AASH technique (IoT Malware Detection) a novel technique that can detect malware at the source code level using the Adler-32 hash function and Fibonacci search. Previously, DROIDMD technique and SQVDT technique have been proposed to detect malware on Android and Linux devices. According to the authors, their schemes are scalable and can be deployed on IoT devices. However, their technique suffers from lower accuracy and takes longer to detect malicious code. The performance measurement shows that our proposed AASH technique is comparatively better than DROIDMD and SQVDT techniques in terms of accuracy and malware detection. AASH is reliable, efficient, and can be deployed on a large-scale level.
Flora of inland Atlantic riparian forests in southwestern Brazil

Vegetacao riparia de Floresta Atlântica de interior no sudoeste do Brasil. A flora da Mata Atlântica de Mato Grosso do Sul, sudoeste do Brasil, tem sido muito pouco estudada, embora represente a porcao mais oeste e continental deste dominio. Descrevemos aqui a flora de matas ciliares na regiao de Mata Atlântica de Mato Grosso do Sul, e a distribuicao das especies em tres habitas classificados segundo a ocorrencia de inundacao como: floresta nao inundavel, floresta sazonalmente inundavel, e floresta inundada. O inventario consistiu de um ano de amostragens mensais de todos os individuos reprodutivos em 1,12 ha de parcelas em 24 ha. Encontramos 1967 individuos de 253 especies e 72 familias. As familias mais representativas foram Asteraceae (27), Fabaceae (19), Myrtaceae (17), Cyperaceae (12), Rubiaceae, Solanaceae e Orchidaceae (10 especies cada). As especies reprodutivas mais abundantes foram Guarea macrophylla (169), Miconia chamissois (85) e Conyza bonariensis (80). Onze especies de seis familias foram registradas pela primeira vez em Mato Grosso do Sul, duas delas endemicas da Mata Atlântica - Passiflora jilekii e Capanema micromera. Encontramos 119 especies apenas na floresta nao inundavel, 19 na floresta sazonalmente inundavel, e 31 na floresta inundada. Guarea macrophylla foi a especie mais comum na floresta inundada e Gochnatia polymorpha, na floresta nao inundavel. A flora das matas ciliares estudadas assemelha-se e da Mata Atlântica e apresenta especies riparias de ampla distribuicao; a variacao do regime de inundacao entre os habitats favorece sua riqueza. Nossos registros adicionam novas ocorrencias para Mato Grosso do Sul e novos limites de distribuicao para algumas especies, fatos que trazem preocupacao quanto e conservacao da biodiversidade local.
Some Aspects of Host Selection by Perilitus coccinellae

Host selection by Perilitus coccinellae (Schrank), a parasite of adult Coccinellidae, was studied in a cage where beetles and models revolved at a constant rate. The parasite successfully parasitized all 7 species of coccinellids presented, Coccinella novemnolata Herbst, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, Coleomegilla maculata (De Geer), H. parenthesis (Say), Adalia bipunctata (L.), Cycloneda munda (Say), and Brachyacantha ursina (F.). It also attacked models made of colored paper, metal, and wood. The parasite was initially attracted by movement of any of the beetles or models. It attacked the larger species more often than the smaller species, and survival of the parasite from egg to adult was much greater in the larger species. However, factors other than the size which are associated with the larger species may determine host selection. Odor, and to a lesser extent color, influenced host selection, but shape or texture were of little importance.
The Germinator automated germination scoring system

Fundamental and applied seed biology research relies heavily on accurate quantification of seed germination. Nowadays, large-scale experiments using large genetic populations or mutant collections are popular tools to unravel the molecular aspects of seed development, germination, dormancy and seed performance. The scientific community has embraced Arabidopsis thaliana as the ultimate model species for plant science, and it has also become a very useful model plant to study seed biology. However, so far, germination of the very small A. thaliana seeds can only be evaluated by binocular microscope, making this a very laborious task. This often hampers the collection of cumulative germination data in large-scale experiments.
“Good” and “Bad” Phenograms

Sackin, M. J. (Medical Research Council Microbial Systemnatics Unit, Leicester Univ., Leicester, England) 1972. "Good" and "Bad" phenograms. Syst. Zool. 21:225-226.This paper presents a measure for characterizing a phenogram and measuring its usefulness. Rohlf and Fisher (1968) have illustrated differing types of phenogram which arise from clustering random data by different methods, but they state that "no quantitative indices have been developed previously which completely describe the form and shape of a phenogram. " This note is an attempt to meet the challenge offered by Rohlf and Fisher, with the introduction of the b vector (b stands for "branching"), which is a very simple measure and summarizes several useful properties of a phenogram. Intuitively the phenogram in Figure 1 looks better than the one in Figure 2. The first one is symmetrical and the second is highly skew (as these terms are used by Rohlf and Fisher, 1968). The numbers along the tips of the phenograms are the elements of b and are simply the number of branchings passed when travelling from the base to the tip. Thus, for figure 1, b-
Prediction of dry matter, crude protein degradability, and amino acid composition of corn silage and grass silage by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS)

This research program was designed to meet three objectives. The first was to ascertain the feasibility of using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) in corn silage (CS) and CP degradability in grass silage (GS) as determined by the in situ technique. The second objective was to develop calibration models to predict intestinal disappearance of DM and CP in CS and intestinal digestibility of CP in GS as determined by the mobile bag technique. The last objective was to investigate the feasibility of using NIRS to predict the essential amino acid (AA) composition of CS and GS. In situ data showed substantial variation in soluble and degradable DM and CP fractions as well as AA composition of CS. Based on the RPD statistic used to evaluate calibration equations, NIRS provides a viable option for the prediction of soluble DM and CP for CS, effectively degraded CS CP and CS CP disappearance from the intestinal and total digestive tract. It was not possible to produce robust calibration equations to predict rates of CS DM or CP degradability. Further study is required to ascertain the usefulness of NIRS in predicting AA composition of CS. Interpretation of spectral data showed that DM solubility and degradability of CS is linked to N-H bonding. There was a strong relationship between soluble DM, potentially degradable DM and effective degradability of CS CP. A review of the major wavelengths used in each calibration model indicated that fiber did not play a major role in CS DM digestibility. For the GS study, samples were classified according to increasing content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) as this constituent is related to plant maturity. The content of soluble CP in GS significantly (P<0.01) decreased with increasing maturity but there was no significant
Statistical Simulation of Daily Air Temperature Patterns Eastern North America to Forecast Seasonal Events in Insect Pest Management

Two simple stochastic models were developed to generate daily minimum and maximum air temperahlre time series from input monthly mean and extreme minimum and maximum normals. Factors taken into account in the temperature generation are latitudinal and vertical lapse rates, as well as the latitudinally and seasonally-variable correlation between daily minima and maxima. The first model assumes that daily values are independently and normally distributed random variables, whereas the second takes into account serial autocorrelations in the temperatures of successive days. Parameter values for both models were obtained using weather data from stations distributed over the eastern seaboard of the United States. The temperature traces generated by each model were compared with actual data. Four different insect phenology models were also used to compare the two weather simulation methods with actual weather data in terms of the phenology forecasts generated. It was found that the degree of autocorrelation between minima or maxima on successive days, as well as the correlation between daily minima and maxima, vary systematically with time of year and latitude. Altitudinal and latitudinal lapse rates also vary with time of year. Both models produce weather traces that are statistically indistinguishable from actual weather data. Phenology forecasts using deterministic air temperature regimes were considerably late compared with forecasts obtained from either stochastic regimes or actual data. The variability of phenology forecasts produced using synthetic weather traces as input was smaller than that obtained using real weather data as input, particularly with the serially independent temperature regimes generated by model 1.
NOTES ON ASIATIC ORCHIDS: II.*

Examination of material in spirit, however, shows that the viscidia are quite naked, there being no bursicles as invariably in the genus Orchis, while the viscidia themselves are linear and placed in a parallel position as in Gymnadenia. Vermeulen also could find no bursicles when examining dried material in the Kew Herbarium. It seems, therefore, that the species is correctly placed in the genus Gymnadenia, not in Orchis, and this is borne out by the general structure of the flower. So far as I can see from the material available the tubers are elongate, cylindrical or ovoid and possibly shortly lobed ; I have not seen any that are spherical, as illustrated and described by Reichenbach. Tang and Wang state that the type specimen of G. graminifolia in the Reichenbach Herbarium lacks any tubers so it is not clear from what source Reichenbach obtained his information. EPIGENEIUM Gagnep. In 1853 Lindley (Lindl. & Paxt. Fl. Garden, 1, 136, 155) proposed the name Sarcopodium for a group of orchids. Some of these are now by common consent included in the genus Bulbophyllum, while the remainder have been treated by many authors as a section of Dendrobium. Rolfe and Kraenzlin, however, both considered that this latter part, which contained Lindley's type species (S. amplum (Lindl.) Lindl. ) should be maintained as a genus distinct from Dendrobium, a view with which the present writer concurs. In a recent paper in Lloydia (19, 94-98 : 1956) A. D. Hawkes pointed out that the name Sarcopodium Lindl. is a later homonym of Sarcopodium Ehrenb. ex Schlechtend. , a genus of Fungi. He therefore proposed the new name Katherinea for the orchid genus, as emended by Kraenzlin and Rolfe, which he also maintained as distinct from Dendrobium, and he made a number of new combinations for the various species which he recognised.
Relations between Mid-infrared Dust Emission and UV Extinction

We analyze low-resolution Spitzer infrared (IR) 5−14 μm spectra of the diffuse emission toward a carefully selected sample of stars. The sample is composed of sight lines toward stars that have well-determined ultraviolet (UV) extinction curves and that are shown to lie beyond effectively all of the extinguishing and emitting dust along their lines of sight. Our sample includes sight lines whose UV curve extinction curves exhibit a wide range of curve morphology and that sample a variety of interstellar environments. As a result, this unique sample enabled us to study the connection between the extinction and emission properties of the same grains, and to examine their response to different physical environments. We quantify the emission features in terms of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) model given by Draine & Li and a set on additional features not known to be related to PAH emission. We compare the intensities of the different features in the Spitzer mid-infrared spectra with the Fitzpatrick & Massa parameters that describe the shapes of UV to near-infrared extinction curves. Our primary result is that there is a strong correlation between the area of the 2175 Å UV bump in the extinction curves of the program stars and the strengths of the major PAH emission features in the mid-infrared spectra for the same lines of sight.
Clubbed regenerated tails in Agama agama and their possible use in social interactions

Suggestion d'un possible benefice additionnel de la perte de la queue et de sa regeneration chez le lezard A. agama et proposition d'un role eventuel au niveau des interactions sociales entre les mâles, de la structure en masse des queues regenerees, par augmentation de leur efficacite de fouettage
Radiation-Induced Inherited Sterility Combined with a Genetic Sexing System in Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

The Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, is the only lepidopteran pest in which a genetic sexing technique is available. We investigated the potential of using genetic sexing to enhance the effectiveness of F 1 sterility in population suppression. The irradiation dose-response relationship in the parental (P) generation of the moth was determined and related to the level of inherited sterility expressed in the F 1 generation. One generation before irradiation, males of the BL-2 strain, which are trans-heterozygous for 2 sex-linked recessive lethal mutations (sl-2 and sl-15), were mated to females of the wild-type strain WT-C. Progeny of these matings consisted exclusively of males (sl/ +). All female progeny died because they were hemizygous for either sl-2 or sl-15. The sl/ + males were treated with 8 doses of gamma rays ranging from 100 to 350 Gy and mated to WT-C females. The resulting data on the P and F 1 generations revealed that E kuehniella is extremely radioresistant. Irradiation at all doses had little influence on the mating success of sl/+ males and on fecundity of parental pairs. At lower doses, most embryonic mortality originated from the expression of lethal alleles sl-2 and sl-15. The egg hatch significantly decreased starting at 150 Gy. but effects of irradiation became evident only at doses higher than 200 Gy. In reciprocal F 1 matings. the level of induced inherited sterility correlated positively with the irradiation dose. F 1 males exhibited a higher level of induced sterility than F 1 females; it indicates that induced mutations have a sex-dependent impact. Optimal doses for the induction of F 1 sterility in E. kuehniella with the use of genetic sexing are in the range of 175-200 Gy.
Aspartic Proteases of Human Pathogenic Fungi are Prospective Targets for the Generation of Novel and Effective Antifungal Inhibitors

Fungi can cause life-threatening diseases, particularly in patients with weakened immunological systems. Although treatment options are available for these individuals, dose-limiting toxicity and the appearance of drug-resistant microorganisms are growing problems. Detailed structural and functional characterization of fungal proteases has led to novel insights into the workings of these fascinating catalytic machines. Identification and characterization of protease- mediated processes in human pathogenic fungi is progressing at a rapid rate. In these microorganisms, aspartic-type proteases carry out "housekeeping" tasks common to many eukaryotes as well as functions highly specific to the fungal life cycles. Consequently, the possibility of developing selective inhibitors of key aspartic proteases of pathogenic fungi into novel chemotherapeutic strategies is being vigorously explored. The present review describes the knowledge in the area of aspartic proteases produced by human fungal pathogens. As well, the effects of aspartic proteolytic inhibitors on multiple vital processes of fungal cells, with special emphasis on their roles to arrest fungal development and virulence, will be presented and discussed.