Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inverse Modeling to Simulate Fault Impacts for Vapor Compression Equipment Part 2 : System Modeling and Validation

This paper utilizes the component models described in a companion paper to develop a full system inverse model for normal and faulty performance of vapor compression cooling and heating equipment. Algorithms to simulate different faults, such as loss of refrigerant charge, compressor valve leakage, liquid line restriction, etc. are presented. Component model parameters were estimated from laboratory experimental data without complete knowledge about the component characteristics. The system model was tuned to offset the bias that resulted from model simplifications. The method was carried out with data from a 3-ton R410a packaged unit with fixed orifice expansion, operating with faults such as incorrect refrigerant charge and heat exchanger fouling. The system model outputs had good agreement with the experimental data. The impacts of faults on performance determined through simulation are also presented.
Tracing the path of forgetting in rule abstraction and exemplar retrieval

People often forget acquired knowledge over time such as names of former classmates. Which knowledge people can access, however, may modify the judgement process and affect judgement accuracy. Specifically, we hypothesised that judgements based on retrieving past exemplars from long-term memory may be more vulnerable to forgetting than remembering rules that relate the cues to the criterion. Experiment 1 systematically tracked the individual course of forgetting from initial learning to later tests (immediate, 1 day, and 1 week) in a linear judgement task facilitating rule-based strategies and a multiplicative judgement task facilitating exemplar-based strategies. Practising the acquired judgement strategy in repeated tests helped participants to consistently apply the learnt judgement strategy and retain a high judgement accuracy even after a week. Yet, whereas a long retention interval did not affect judgements in the linear task, a long retention interval impaired judgements in the multiplicative task. If practice was restricted as in Experiment 2, judgement accuracy suffered in both tasks. In addition, after a week without practice, participants tried to reconstruct their judgements by applying rules in the multiplicative task. These results emphasise that the extent to which decision makers can still retrieve previously learned knowledge limits their ability to make accurate judgements and that the preferred strategies change over time if the opportunity for practice is limited.
Worst Case Sampling Method to Estimate the Impact of Random Variation on Static Random Access Memory

We propose a worst case sampling method for quantitatively estimating the impact of random variation on static random access memory (SRAM) cells. This method enables us to predict the values of SRAM read/write metrics beyond the Six Sigma regime. First, we developed a compact model with a Monte Carlo simulation. The model includes both device modeling and sample size extension to predict and quickly estimate SRAM read/write metrics accurately. We verified the accuracy of the model by comparing the simulation results to previously published silicon data. Our results provide circuit designers with insight into the impact of random variations on SRAM cells. In particular, we demonstrate how SRAM cell operations can be protected from harsh random variations using word-line voltage margins as the key parameter.
Inspection-Class Remotely Operated Vehicles—A Review

This paper presents a review of inspection-class Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs). The review divides the classification of inspection-class ROVs; categorising the vehicles in order of size and capability. A state of the art technology review is undertaken, discussing various common subsystems of the ROV. Standard and novel ROV shapes and designs are reviewed, with emphasis on buoyancy, frame materials and hydrodynamics. Several power considerations and designs are discussed, accounting for battery fed and mains fed systems. ROV telemetry is split into a discussion on the various transmission hardware systems and the communication protocols that are most widely used in industry and research today. A range of thruster technologies is then introduced with consideration taken of the various thruster architectures available. Finally, the navigation and positioning sensors employed for ROV navigation and control are reviewed. The author has also created a number of comparison tables throughout the review; tables include comparison of wired data transmission technology, comparison of common ROV communication protocols and comparisons of various inertial navigation systems. By the end of the review the reader will have clearer understanding on the fundamentals of inspection-class ROV technologies and can use this as an introduction to further paper investigation.
Screening and interlayer coupling in multilayer MoS2

The two‐dimensional layered semiconducting di‐chalcogenides are emerging as promising candidates for post‐Si‐CMOS applications owing to their excellent electrostatic integrity and the presence of a finite energy bandgap, unlike graphene. However, in order to unravel the ultimate potential of these materials, one needs to investigate different aspects of carrier transport. In this Letter, we present the first comprehensive experimental study on the dependence of carrier mobility on the layer thickness of back‐gated multilayer MoS2 field‐effect transistors. We observe a non‐monotonic trend in the extracted effective field‐effect mobility with layer thickness which is of relevance for the design of high‐performance devices. We also discuss a detailed theoretical model based on Thomas–Fermi charge screening and interlayer coupling in order to explain our experimental observations. Our model is generic and, therefore, is believed to be applicable to any two‐dimensional layered system.
A novel clip-on for smartphone dermoscopy in India

Dermoscopy is the in vivo technique of skin surface microscopy which is frequently used in visual examination of the skin. With the rise in the usage of smartphones, many smartphone attachments have been developed that enable dermoscopy on a phone but these attachments are very expensive and are available only for high-end phones. We have developed a novel 3D printed clip-on that can convert any smartphone into a polarizing dermoscope at a price which is highly affordable than the existing devices and is universal in its design. After visual examination and comparing images taken by both the devices using Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), we found the images to be highly similar. This clip-on for smartphones is one of the first prototypes using techniques of 3D printing which can make dermoscopy affordable, especially in developing countries like India. There is an acute need for such devices by clinicians practicing in remote areas, where such clip-ons can help in improving the preliminary visual examination of a large number of patients.
Combinatorial problems in solving linear systems

Numerical linear algebra and combinatorial optimization are vast subjects; as is their interaction. In virtually all cases there should be a notion of sparsity for a combinatorial problem to arise. Sparse matrices therefore form the basis of the interaction of these two seemingly disparate subjects. As the core of many of today's numerical linear algebra computations consists of the solution of sparse linear system by direct or iterative methods, we survey some combinatorial problems, ideas, and algorithms relating to these computations. On the direct methods side, we discuss issues such as matrix ordering; bipartite matching and matrix scaling for better pivoting; task assignment and scheduling for parallel multifrontal solvers. On the iterative method side, we discuss preconditioning techniques including incomplete factorization preconditioners, support graph preconditioners, and algebraic multigrid. In a separate part, we discuss the block triangular form of sparse matrices.
Leaf shape polymorphism and its relationship to other characteristics of wild soybean (Glycine soja) in China

The Chinese genebank contains 6169 wild soybean (Glycine soja) accessions collected from 25 provinces. In this study, leaf shape and a suite of other morphological characteristics were analyzed in order to examine the relationship between leaf shape and other characteristics of wild soybeans. The accessions were classified into the following six groups based on leaf shape: accessions with round leaves, ovate-round leaves, elliptical leaves, lanceolate leaves, line leaves and leaves classified as `other'. Correlations between the leaf shape and other qualitative characteristics were analyzed. Differences on quantitative traits among groups were evaluated. We found that accessions with round leaves were primarily characterized by obvious main stems, gray pubescence, white flowers, non-sooty seed coats, yellow seed coats, brown hilum, high 100-seed weight, low protein content and high oil content. In contrast, accessions with line leaves were characterized by twining stems, brown pubescence, purple flowers, sooty seed coats, black seed coats, black hilum, low 100-seed weight, high protein content and low oil content. We infer that there exists a continuous evolutionary spectrum based on the leaf length-to-width ratio of wild soybeans where round leaf and line leaf accessions represent diametric extremes. Along this evolutionary spectrum, accessions with line leaves tend to be wild types, while accessions with round leaves represent more recently evolved varieties. Finally, accessions with lanceolate, ellipse, ovate-round and other leaves occupy their own specific positions along this evolutionary spectrum.
Real-time implementation of face recognition system

Face Recognition is the ability to detect and recognize a person by their facial characteristics. Face is a multidimensional and hence requires a lot of mathematical computations. Face recognition system is very essential and important for providing security, mug shot matching, law enforcement applications, user verification, user access control, etc and is mostly used for recognition for various applications. These all applications require an efficient Face recognition system. There are many methods that are already proposed and have low recognition capability, high false alarm rate. Hence the major task of the research is to develop face recognition system with improved accuracy and improved recognition time of an face recognition system. This paper proposes a hybrid face recognition algorithm by combining two face recognition techniques by integrating (PCA) principle Component Analysis, (LDA) Linear Discriminant Analysis. Jacobi method is used to compute Eigenvector that are necessary for PCA and LDA algorithms. Face Recognition system will be implemented on Embedded system based Raspberry pi 3 board.
Correlates to Performance on Field Tests of Muscular Strength

Field tests of upper body muscular strength and endurance (UBMSE) are often administered to children, but little is known about the determinants of performance on these tests. Therefore the purpose of this investigation was to examine potential determinants of performance on several common field tests of UBMSE including pull-ups, flexed-arm hang, push-ups, and two types of modified pull-ups. Subjects were 56 girls and 38 boys, ages 9 to 11 years. Potential determinants assessed were age, height, weight, gender, % fat, physical activity, and laboratory measures of muscular strength and endurance. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the laboratory measures of UBMSE failed to account for significant fractions of variance in performance on four of the five tests. However, % fat was significantly associated with performance on four of five tests. These results indicate that factors other than muscular strength and endurance account for most of the variance in performance, and that % fat appears to be a .
The bimodality of the 10k zCOSMOS-bright galaxies up to z ~ 1: a new statistical and portable classification based on optical galaxy properties

Aims. Our goal is to develop a new and reliable statistical method to classify galaxies from large surveys. We probe the reliability of the method by comparing it with a three-dimensional classification cube, using the same set of spectral, photometric and morphological parameters. Methods. We applied two different methods of classification to a sample of galaxies extracted from the zCOSMOS redshift survey, in the redshift range 0.5 ≲ z ≲ 1.3. The first method is a combination of three independent classification schemes – a spectroscopic one based on the strength of the continuum break at 4000 A and the rest-frame equivalent width of the [O ii] emission line, a photometric one based on the observed B − z colours, and a morphological one. The second method exploits an entirely new approach based on statistical analyses like principal component analysis (PCA) and unsupervised fuzzy partition (UFP) clustering method. The PCA+UFP method has also been applied to a lower redshift sample (z ≲ 0.5), exploiting the same set of data but replacing the spectroscopic indicators with the equivalent width of Hα. Results. The comparison between the two methods shows fairly good agreement on the definition on the two main populations, the early-type and the late-type galaxies. Our PCA+UFP method of classification is robust, flexible and capable of identifying the two main populations of galaxies as well as an intermediate population. The intermediate galaxy population shows many of the properties of “green valley” galaxies, and constitutes a more coherent and homogeneous population. The large redshift range of the studied sample allows us to characterize downsizing: galaxies with masses of the order of 3 × 10^(10) M_⊙ are predominantly found in the transition from the late-type to the early-type group at z > 0.5, while galaxies with lower masses, of the order of 10^(10) M_⊙, are in transition at later epochs. Galaxies with M 5 × 10^(10 M_⊙) have mostly completed their transition to the early-type regime before z ~ 1.
A nonorthogonal higher-order wavelet-oriented FDTD technique for 3-D waveguide structures on generalized curvilinear grids

A generalized higher-order FDTD rendition of the covariant and contravariant vector component theory for the accurate modeling of complex waveguides in 3-D nonorthogonal curvilinear coordinates, is presented in this paper. The novel algorithm, which postulates conventional and nonstandard concepts, embodies a spatially-localized wavelet-Galerkin formulation in order to efficiently deal with fast field variations in the vicinity of arbitrarily-angled wedges. The proposed method is combined with a pulsed excitation and enhanced unsplit-field PMLs thus, achieving significant accuracy and suppression of all discretization errors with a simultaneous diminishment of computational resources, as indicated by various numerical results.
Solid-supported Synthesis of 3, 4-dihydrobenzo [2, 3-d] pyrimidines

Different 3,4-dihydrobenzo[2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized by the condensation of substituted 1, 3- cyclohexadienes and formamide, using inorganic solid supports under microwaves. Simple and commonly available compounds were used as starting materials in the reactions. The compounds were tested against different fungal and bacterial strains and found considerably effective. Key words: inorganic solid supports; microwave; benzopyrimidines; environmentally benign; antimicrobial DOI: 10.3126/njst.v11i0. 4138 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 11 (2010) 153-158
Accuracy of a semi-automated liver segmentation method using CT scan

Poster: "ECR 2013 / C-2423 / Accuracy of a semi-automated liver segmentation method using CT scan" by: "G. Chartrand, C. Belanger, A. Gotra, R. Chav, C. Kauffman, J. A. De Guise, A. Tang; Montreal, QC/CA"
Explorer Analysis of privacy in mobile telephony systems

We present a thorough experimental and formal analysis of users’ privacy in mobile telephony systems. In particular, we experimentally analyse the use of pseudonyms and point out weak deployed policies leading to some critical scenarios which make it possible to violate a user’s privacy. We also expose some protocol’s vulnerabilities resulting in breaches of the anonymity and/or user unlinkability.We show these breaches translate in actual attacks which are feasible to implement on real networks and discuss our prototype implementation. In order to countermeasure these attacks,we propose realistic solutions. Finally,weprovide the theoretical framework for the automatic verification of the unlinkability and anonymity of the fixed 2G/3G procedures and automatically verify them using the ProVerif tool.
Photovoltaic energy generation under partially shading conditions

The development of photovoltaic (PV) market needs to improve the knowledge of the electrical production of a PV system on various given sites particularly to estimate its economical profitability. This accurate estimation of the energy production can only be achieved by taking into account the effects of shading that have dramatic consequences on the produced power. In this paper, we tested a two-diode I–V model of m-Si PV module (BP585F) under normal insolation conditions; then, after a brief explanation of the electrical behaviour of a totally or partially shaded PV cell, we present the implemented experimentation. These tests allow validating partially this model for shaded PV module. At last, the power loss induced by the shading has been estimated.
High-performance evanescently edge coupled photodiodes with partially p-doped photoabsorption layer at 1.55-/spl mu/m wavelength

In this letter, we demonstrate a high-performance evanescently coupled photodiode (ECPD) with the partially p-doped photoabsorption layer. As compared to the control ECPD with the traditional intrinsic photoabsorption layer, the demonstrated device can exhibit much higher output saturation current (power) and electrical bandwidth without sacrificing the quantum efficiency performance. By properly designing the geometry size and epilayer structures of the partially p-doped ECPD, very high responsivity (1.01 A/W), high electrical bandwidth (around 50 GHz), and high saturation current bandwidth product (920 mA/spl middot/GHz, at 40 GHz) have been achieved simultaneously at 1.55-/spl mu/m wavelength.
An Applications of Information Systems on Macro-Economic Climate Index of China #

Recently, National Bureau of Statistics of China has released macro-economic climate index of China from 2009-02 to 2010-05.Based on these indices, we establish an information system. In this information system, monitoring signal is taken as a decision attribute and coincident index, leading index, lagging index are taken as condition attributes. We use rough-set theory to investigate the importance of each condition attribute with respective to decision attribute and the strength of each condition attribute supporting decision attribute. Results of this investigation will be helpful for Chinese government to make active macro-economic policy and to maintain the steady and relatively fast development of Chinese economy.
Enhanced performance in strained n-FET with double-recessed Si:C source/drain and lattice-mismatched SiGe strain-transfer structure (STS)

We report on further performance optimization in a novel n-channel transistor (n-FET) with beneath-the-channel strain-transfer structure (STS) and embedded silicon-carbon source/drain (Si:C S/D) stressors. The incorporation of SiGe STS couples additional strain from the S/D stressors to the overlying Si channel, leading to enhanced strain effects in the channel region. In addition, a two-step recess-etch was used to bring the double-recessed S/D stressors in closer proximity, increasing their lattice interactions with the channel and the STS, thereby significantly increasing the saturation drive current Ionmiddot enhancement over control devices.
Some recent developments in the theory of minimal surfaces

I suspect that each person can recall some moments from his childhood when he was captived by the beauty of soap bubbles. Their form can be truly marvelous. As adults, we do not tend to stare at soap bubble clusters in amazement, but as a professional mathematician, it happens that once one begins their study, one can remain seduced for a lifetime. My first contact with minimal surfaces happened some twenty years ago. I met Andre Haefliger while walking in Paris, we continued walking together and he asked me: ”Is there a foliation of R by minimal surfaces, other than a foliation by parallel planes? ” This (apparently easy) question made me think about the nature of a minimal surface; I have not stopped thinking about it since then. We will see in section 7, that Haefligers’ question is unsolved for minimal laminations of R. Certainly soap films and soap bubbles seem a specialized subject; yet analysis, geometry, and topology are fundamental to their understanding. Soap bubble clusters are modelled on surfaces of constant mean curvature H , meeting along a curve S in a precise manner. At a smooth point of S, there are three smooth surfaces (of the cluster) meeting at equal angles (i.e., 120) and S has isolated singular points where six surfaces of the cluster meet at angles approximately 109. For example, the barycenter of a regular tetrahedron, and the triangles meeting at the barycenter which are formed by the edges of the tetrahedra and the barycenter. These properties of soap bubble clusters were observed by Plateau in the years 1870 and were established only relatively recently. Some excellent references for this subject are [28], [29], [33], [41]. We state a mathematical interpretation of soap bubbles. Consider positive real numbers V1, . , Vn and surface configurations that separate space R 3 into regions having volumes V1, . , Vn. A soap bubble is such a configuration such that the area of the surfaces in the cluster is a (local) minimum among all such surfaces bounding the volumes V1, . , Vn. When
An improved semantic plagiarism detection scheme based on Chi-squared automatic interaction detection

This paper introduces an improved semantic text plagiarism detection technique based on Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID). The proposed technique analyses and compares text based on semantic allocation for each term inside the sentence. It also captures the underlying semantic meaning in terms of the relationships between its concepts via Semantic Role Labeling (SRL). SRL offers significant advantages when generating arguments for each sentence semantically. Voting for each argument generated by the CHAID technique, in order to select important arguments, is a main feature of the proposed method. Only the most important arguments selected by the CHAID method were used in the similarity calculation process. Testing was done using the CS11 and PAN-PC-10 datasets. The results show that this proposed method improves the SRL plagiarism detection method as well as exhibiting improved performance in terms of Recall, Precision and F-Measure when compared to current methods of plagiarism detection.
Nonequilibrium distribution in quantum dots lasers and influence on laser spectral output

Self-assembled quantum dot structures used for lasers have shown significant variation in the dot size distribution. In this article, we address the issues related to carrier occupation of these dots as a function of temperature in the absence and presence of lasing. The carrier distributions among different dots are derived in this paper through detailed balance. It is found that at low temperatures the carrier occupation is highly nonequilibrium but with increased temperature it tends towards an equilibrium distribution. Based on this distribution, the threshold current density versus temperature has been calculated. Multimode operation of lasers at different injection levels and temperatures is also examined. The theoretical results are compared with published experimental results.