Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Representing the Human Experts Judgment on Quality Indices of White Rice by Image Processing and Artificial Intelligence Techniques

In the present study, a grading system based on fuzzy logic was developed to simulate the behavior of an expert in the evaluation and classification of physical properties of rice grains (paddy) for pricing the product. Based on two desired quality indices in this study and the input linguistic variables of fuzzy grading system, 250 samples were prepared with different quality conditions which include all the possible states for the rice grains (paddy). Lighting and imaging were carried out from each 250 samples of rice products in the same condition. Image processing algorithm was conducted to extract geometric features and light intensity of grains and also fuzzy product pricing model was developed in MATLAB software. Fuzzy inference system was designed with the help of fuzzy toolkit. The input variables of the fuzzy system designed in this study were degree of milling (DOM) and percent of broken kernels (PBK) that were obtained as a real numbers of an image processing algorithm. In total, 25 rules of If-Then were formulated with considering the number of inputs’ fuzzy sets. Fuzzy inputs for degree of milling and the percentage of broken kernels were five membership functions of very low, low, medium, high and very high that were selected based on the evaluations conducted from quality of rice production within the rice field factories in north of the country. The results of pricing through fuzzy logic indicated good overall matching with results of product pricing by an expert (overall accuracy of 92 percent).
A CNN ARCHITECTURE FOR DISCONTINUITY DETERMINATION OF ROCK MASSES WITH CLOSE RANGE IMAGES

Abstract. Determination of discontinuities in rock mass requires scan-line surveys performed in in-situ that can reach up to dangerous and challenging dimensions. With the development of novel technological equipments and algorithms, the studies related to rock mass discontinuity determination remain up-to-date. Depending on the development of the Structure from Motion (SfM) method in the field of close-range photogrammetry, low-cost cameras can be used to produce 3D models of rock masses. However, the determination of rock mass discontinuity parameters must still be carried out manually on these models. Within the scope of this study, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture is proposed to identify the discontinuities automatically as the first step for fully automated processing. The Kızılcahamam/Güvem Basalt Columns Geosite near Ankara, Turkey was determined as the study area. The orthophoto of this study area was produced using close-range photogrammetric methods and the training data was produced by manual mensuration. The dataset consists of labeled binary masks and images containing corresponding Red-Green-Blue (RGB) bands. Furthermore, the amount of data was increased by applying augmentation methods to the dataset. The U-Net architecture was used to detect rock discontinuities based on the produced orthophoto. The preliminary results presented here reveal that the discontinuity determination capability of the proposed method is high based on the visual assessments, while problems exist with image quality and discontinuity identification. In addition, considering the small size of the training dataset, the accuracy of the model would increase when a larger dataset could be employed.
Educators’ perspectives of online teaching during the pandemic: implications for initial teacher education

ABSTRACT This qualitative research study focuses on the challenges for educators in schools and universities when teaching face-to-face in formal contexts was removed and learning and teaching moved entirely online. Using Goffman’s concepts of dramaturgy and self-presentation, alongside concepts from spatial geography, the study shows how educators made sense of the new ‘hybrid’ contexts for online working in which they found themselves, how they constructed their changed performances and pedagogies, how they engaged in impression management, and how they negotiated the implications of the contradictions and ambiguities around public/private encounters online for their professional performances. Looking to the future, the paper then discusses the implications of the findings for teacher education, identifying that, whilst learning to teach online as well as face-to-face and becoming familiar with a range of appropriate technologies to support high-quality learning are clearly vital, new teachers also need to develop enhanced design skills underpinned by learner-centred values which enable them to become pedagogically agile and confident in managing their professional selves, whether online or offline, in responding to learner needs.
APPLICATION OF RGB-D SLAM IN 3D TUNNEL RECONSTRUCTION BASED ON SUPERPIXEL AIDED FEATURE TRACKING

Abstract. In large-scale projects such as hydropower and transportation, the real-time acquisition and generation of the 3D tunnel model can provide an important basis for the analysis and evaluation of the tunnel stability. The Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) technology has the advantages of low cost and strong real-time, which can greatly improve the data acquisition efficiency during tunnel excavation. Feature tracking and matching are critical processes of traditional 3D reconstruction technologies such as Structure from Motion (SfM) and SLAM. However, the complicated rock mass structures on the tunnel surface and the limited lighting environment make feature tracking and matching difficult. Manhattan SLAM is a technology integrating superpixels and Manhattan world assumptions, in which both line features and planar features can be better extracted. Rock mass discontinuities including traces and structural planes are distributed on the inner surface of tunnels, which can be extracted for feature tracking and matching. Therefore, this paper proposes a 3D reconstruction pipeline for tunnels, in which, the Manhattan SLAM algorithm is applied for camera pose parameters estimation and the sparse point cloud generation, and the Patch-based Multi-View Stereo (PMVS) is adopted for dense reconstruction. In this paper, the Azure Kinect DK sensor is used for data acquisition. Experiments are proceeded and the results show that the proposed pipeline based on Manhattan SLAM and PMVS performs good robustness and feasibility for tunnels 3D reconstruction.
Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling in the Circular Economy: A Review

Lithium-ion batteries have become a crucial part of the energy supply chain for transportation (in electric vehicles) and renewable energy storage systems. Recycling is considered one of the most effective ways for recovering the materials for spent LIB streams and circulating the material in the critical supply chain. However, few review articles have been published in the research domain of recycling and the circular economy, with most mainly focusing on either recycling methods or the challenges and opportunities in the circular economy for spent LIBs. This paper reviewed 93 articles (66 original research articles and 27 review articles) identified in the Web of Science core collection database. The study showed that publications in the area are increasing exponentially, with many focusing on recycling and recovery-related issues; policy and regulatory affairs received less attention than recycling. Most of the studies were experiments followed by evaluation and planning (as per the categorization made). Pre-treatment processes were widely discussed, which is a critical part of hydrometallurgy and direct physical recycling (DPR). DPR is a promising recycling technique that requires further attention. Some of the issues that require further consideration include a techno-economic assessment of the recycling process, safe reverse logistics, a global EV assessment revealing material recovery potential, and a lifecycle assessment of experiments processes (both in the hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes). Furthermore, the application of the circular business model and associated stakeholders’ engagement, clear and definitive policy guidelines, extended producer responsibility implications, and material tracking, and identification deserve further focus. This study presents several future research directions that would be useful for academics and policymakers taking necessary steps such as product design, integrated recycling techniques, intra-industry stakeholder cooperation, business model development, techno-economic analysis, and others towards achieving a circular economy in the LIB value chain.
Significance of Self-Transcendence for Rehabilitation and Relapse Prevention among Patients with Substance Use Disorder: A Qualitative Study

A complex variety of restrictive and promoting factors are in play when people with substance use disorder face challenges concerning rehabilitation and relapse prevention. Self-transcendence sources are strongly associated with meaningfulness, and meaningfulness is found to be associated with less alcohol and drug use severity and relapse prevention. The aim of the present qualitative study was to investigate self-transcendence among patients with substance use disorders and to discuss its significance for treatment and relapse prevention. An exploratory qualitative research design was employed, with individual interviews in a strategic sample of four patients with substance use disorder recruited from a religiously founded rehabilitation clinic in Southeast Norway. The transcribed material was analysed through systematic text condensation. A search for objects beyond immediate needs through self-transcendence was revealed, related to generativity and an unselfish prosocial commitment to family and the surroundings, strengthening the participants’ self-efficacy, confidence, and safety. Spirituality and confidence in a higher power or destiny generated order in life. The use of rituals contributed to tranquillity. Values gave new directions, and private confession helped to start over in life. For patients in rehabilitation aiming at relapse prevention, self-transcendence seems to be significant as part of the recovery process. Possible implications for rehabilitation and relapse prevention are discussed.
Development of novel tapered pin fin geometries for additive manufacturing of compact heat exchangers

Pin fin arrays are widely used to enhance forced convection heat transfer across various industries, finding application in turbine blade trailing edges, electronics cooling, and broadly for compact heat exchange. Fin shape greatly affects flow separation and turbulence generation, and optimizing performance relies on this balance between increased heat transfer and increased pressure loss along the array. Straight circular and elliptical fins are well-characterized in the literature, and there exist a scant few studies on tapered configurations with conventional crosssections. Recent works have investigated straight pin fins with more complex shapes. Tapered, complex fin geometries represent an avenue for overall performance gains, but manufacturing them is difficult and time-consuming using traditional machining processes. The unique capabilities of additive manufacturing now allow their economical fabrication in an increasing number of fully-dense engineering materials. This work compares 21 pin fin arrays of varying fin cross-section, taper angle, taper profile, and array patterns using experimental and computational methods.
Genetic Structure of Native Blue Honeysuckle Populations in the Western and Eastern Eurasian Ranges

Blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) is a promising berry crop producing edible early-ripening berries with a valuable chemical composition. We evaluated the genetic diversity of native L. caerulea populations from the western (Baltic states) and eastern (the Russian Far East and Japan) edges of the Eurasian range using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and chloroplast DNA (psbA-trnH and trnL-trnF) markers. The genetic relationships of populations and genotypes were analyzed using principal coordinate and cluster analyses (neighbor joining and Bayesian clustering). Sampling was carried out in two disjunct areas of this circumpolar species and the analyses showed clustering of individuals and populations according to geographic origin. The analysis of genetic structure based on ISSR markers showed that the studied populations of L. caerulea were highly differentiated. However, sequence analysis of two chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) regions revealed no phylogeographic structure among the populations. We also found that the eastern populations of blue honeysuckle had significantly greater genetic diversity parameters than the populations from the Baltic region. This finding correlates with the endangered status of blue honeysuckle in the Baltic states.
Dose- and Sex-Dependent Bidirectional Relationship between Intravenous Fentanyl Self-Administration and Gut Microbiota

Gut bacteria influence neural circuits in addiction-related behaviors. Given the association between opioid use, gastrointestinal distress, and microbial dysbiosis in humans and mice, we test the hypothesis that interactions between gut bacteria and the brain mediate the rewarding and reinforcing properties of fentanyl. We implant rats with intravenous catheters in preparation for fentanyl intravenous self-administration (IVSA) on an escalating schedule of reinforcement to determine factors that influence fentanyl intake, including sex, dose, and gut microbiota. Our data show the impact of fentanyl IVSA on gut microbiota diversity, as well as the role of gut microbiota on fentanyl IVSA, in Sprague Dawley rats in a sex- and dose-dependent manner (n = 10–16/group). We found that the diversity of gut microbiota within females dose-dependently predicts progressive but not fixed ratio schedules of fentanyl IVSA. Depending on sex and fentanyl dose, alpha diversity (richness and evenness measured with Shannon index) is either increased or decreased following fentanyl IVSA and predicts progressive ratio breakpoint. Our findings collectively suggest a role of gut bacteria in drug-related behavior, including motivation and reinforcement. This work provides feasibility for an intravenous fentanyl self-administration model and uncovers potential factors mediating drug use, which may lead to the development of effective addiction interventions.
Impact of Immunosuppressive Drugs on Fibroblasts: An In Vitro Study

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the direct impact of different agents for immunosuppressive therapy on mouse fibroblasts as a possible cause of drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO). Methods: 3T3 mouse fibroblasts were cultivated in cell-specific media (2 × 104 cells/mL) and treated for 6, 24, 48 and 72 h with one of three immunosuppressive drugs (IsDs): cyclosporin a (CsA), tacrolimus (TaC) and sirolimus (SiR). Different concentrations (10–750 ng/mL) were used to mimic serum levels under active immunosuppressive therapy conditions. Cell population characteristics (cell number, viability and morphology) were assessed using computer-assisted cell analysis. Expression of pro-collagen type I carboxy-terminal propeptide (PICP) was identified using an ELISA assay. Results: The influence of IsDs on the biological status of 3T3 fibroblasts was time- and dose-dependent. Comparing CsA and TaC, the total cell amount was enhanced using concentrations in the range of 10–150 ng/mL (p > 0.05). In contrast, treatment with SiR resulted in a decrease in the average cell number (p < 0.01). PICP and cell diameter of fibroblasts were not susceptible to IsD treatment (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our results revealed time-dependent effects of IsDs, with distinct influences on cell number. The cell morphology and the PICP balance of the investigated fibroblast cell line remained unaffected. Hence, the potential role of IsDs is not a unilateral mechanism of action but rather a multifactorial process.
Inheritance of Secondary Metabolites and Gene Expression Related to Tomato Fruit Quality

Flavour and nutritional quality are important goals for tomato breeders. This study aimed to shed light upon transgressive behaviors for fruit metabolic content. We studied the metabolic contents of 44 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 18 polyphenolics, together with transcriptome profiles in a factorial design comprising six parental lines and their 14 F1 hybrids (HF1) among which were five pairs of reciprocal HF1. After cluster analyses of the metabolome dataset and co-expression network construction of the transcriptome dataset, we characterized the mode of inheritance of each component. Both overall and per-cross mode of inheritance analyses revealed as many additive and non-additive modes of inheritance with few reciprocal effects. Up to 66% of metabolites displayed transgressions in a HF1 relative to parental values. Analysis of the modes of inheritance of metabolites revealed that: (i) transgressions were mostly of a single type whichever the cross and poorly correlated to the genetic distance between parental lines; (ii) modes of inheritance were scarcely consistent between the 14 crosses but metabolites belonging to the same cluster displayed similar modes of inheritance for a given cross. Integrating metabolome, transcriptome and modes of inheritance analyses suggested a few candidate genes that may drive important changes in fruit VOC contents.
Development of a Servo Motor Optimised for Robotic Applications

SMORA (Servo-Motor Optimised for Robotic Applications) is a custom built servo-motor comprising several sensors and higher level addressing/communication capabilities. It aims to overcome some of the limitations of current servo-motor technology while following an open-source philosophy. A working prototype will allow for the study and extraction of dynamic model parameters through experimental analysis. A robotic arm is to be built as a proof-of-concept to showcase the servo's features.
Assessing the Influence of Using Online Marketing Tools on Egyptian Domestic Tourism: Online Behavior, Online Purchase Intention and E-Satisfaction

This study aims to explore the relationship between using online Marketing Applications in Domestic Tourism in Egypt. It also sheds light on some variables such as online behavior, purchase intention and esatisfaction of domestic tourists. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire is administered (on 606 domestic tourists in Egypt) as a quantitative approach and as an instrument or method to gather data from the study sample. After collecting data, coding, and analysis, the main results of the study demonstrated that there is a significant relationship between using online marketing tools and online purchase intention, online behavior, and E-satisfaction of domestic tourist in Egypt. It shows that there is a significant relationship between online marketing content or online reviews (E-WOM) and online purchase intention of domestic tourist. The study recommends that; Travel Agencies in their marketing strategies in domestic tourism in Egypt should take into consideration the domestic tourists comments on social media websites. In addition, they should provide discounts on future domestic tours in case the domestic tourists share their positive experiences on social media pages.
Experimental Analysis of Matrix Cracking in Glass Fiber Reinforced Composite Off-Axis Plies under Static and Fatigue Loading

The inter-fiber failure of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy specimens with four different fiber angles was analyzed. Flat specimens were subjected to static and fatigue loading considering different load levels and load ratios. Damage investigation in terms of crack density measurement was performed by transmitted white light imaging using a digital camera and LED illumination from the back of the specimen on a servo-hydraulic testing machine. Static and fatigue results were examined with respect to crack initiation and crack growth, considering the special case of bonding yarns parallel to the fiber directions. The bonding yarns act as stress concentrations, influencing the early cracking behavior, and complicate the detectability of cracks growing underneath or next to the bonding yarns. In cyclic loading, the influence of load level, load ratio, mean stress, fiber orientation, and ply thickness was the focus of the experimental campaign. Cyclic cracking behavior in terms of initiation and growth was analyzed based on the applied loading conditions and laminate configurations. It was found that halving the ply thickness nearly doubled the amount of microcracks in case of high loads. For low loads, no such effect was observed up to 5×105 loading cycles. Experimental findings on individual crack growth confirmed that crack interaction started for crack spacings less than four times the ply thickness and that subsequent crack growth shifted into regions of larger local crack spacing.
The Impact of Children Behavior on Depressive Symptoms among Parents of Children with ASD: The Mediating Role of Mindfulness and Perceived Social Support

ABSTRACT Background Behavior problems of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) bring many difficulties and stress to their parents, thus increasing their risk of depression. Recent studies have shown that the mindfulness and perceived social support may play significant roles in improving the depression of these parents as well as relieve their boundary of stress. However, related research conducted under the context of Mainland China is still limited, and no studies have yet explored the mediating effect of mindfulness and perceived social support on the relationship between behavior of children with ASD and depressive symptoms of parents in Mainland China. Objective The present study aimed to examine the relationship between behavior problems of children with ASD and parents’ depressive symptoms in Mainland China and focused on whether mindfulness and perceived social support may act as mediators in the association between child behavior problems and parents’ depressive symptoms. Method Participants were 286 Chinese parents of children with ASD. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), the Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression Scale (CES-D), the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R), and the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List-12 (ISEL-12) were adopted to assess: child behavior problems, parental depressive symptoms, individual differences in mindfulness and perceived social support. Results The direct effects of child behavior problems on parental depressive symptoms was statistically significant (direct effect = 0.137, SE = 0.043, p = .002). Child behavior problems also showed a significant indirect effect on parental depressive symptoms through mindfulness (indirect effect = 0.097, SE = 0.025, p < .001) and perceived social support (indirect effect = 0.088, SE = 0.023, p < .001). Conclusions Two variables, mindfulness and perceived social support both played a mediating role in the influence of child behavior problems on parents’ depressive symptoms. Parental depressive symptoms were significantly related to child behavior problems. Consistent with previous studies across diverse cultural backgrounds, the results of this study showed that the relationship between child behavior problems and parents’ depressive symptoms was, in part, mediated by mindfulness and perceived social support of parents. Mindfulness interventions and effective social support for parents of children with ASD may be needed to help parents raise their children and relieve depressive symptoms.