Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric Particles: Their Physical and Chemical Characteristics, and Deposition Processes Relevant to the Chemical Composition of Glaciers

Atmospheric particles originate from a variety of natural and anthropogenic sources. Estimates of man’s contribution to the total particle mass loading of the atmosphere range from 5 to 48%. Much of this is initially in the form of gases (SO2, NO2, hydrocarbons) that convert to particles while being transported to glacial receptors where they are incorporated into snow. The complex physical and chemical processes involved in the deposition of atmospheric particles to glaciers are reviewed. Both wet and dry deposition contribute to the pollutant loading of a snowfield. However, except in the case of low snowfall (<60 kg m−2 a−1) or exceptionally large particle sizes, such as might be released by volcanoes or when unrimed snowfall predominates, wet deposition is dominant. Estimates of the relative importance of wet and dry deposition based on scavenging ratios for rimed snowfall and dry deposition velocities agree well with observations in southern Greenland.
Embodied Energy Flow Patterns of the Internal and External Industries of Manufacturing in China

The Sino–US trade war has prompted China to re-examine the development of manufacturing, while the energy crisis restricts such development. Scientifically planning industrial energy allocation is important for supporting industrial transformation and the upgrading of manufacturing. The embodied energy flow in China’s manufacturing was investigated by reconstructing the energy flow network; taking a systems perspective, a fine-grained analysis of the emerging patterns and evolution of these flows in the internal and external manufacturing industries was performed, thus providing useful insights for energy planning. The results show that in the internal and external networks of Chinese manufacturing, most of the embodied energy convergence and transmission is concentrated in a few industries Moreover, it is clear that industries with stronger embodied energy convergence and conductivity are generally more likely to be associated with industries with weak convergence and conductivity. Preferential selection is an important mechanism for the generation of embodied energy flow paths. The choices of the embodied energy flow paths of various industries exhibit the preference that ‘the rich get richer,’ and newly generated flow paths are more likely to be chosen for connectivity to a path of strong convergence or conductivity. The embodied energy flow patterns of the internal network of manufacturing mainly include two-focus and multi-focus convergence patterns, while that of the external network of manufacturing is mainly a two-focus transmission pattern. Within in-edge networks, communities of high-end manufacturing have gathered most of the embodied energy, while in out-edge networks, communities of traditional manufacturing have been key in the transmission of embodied energy. The impacts of the internal and external network types, and of the in-edge and out-edge types on the stability of the embodied energy flow pattern are separate, and the embodied energy flow pattern is stable. Based on these findings, an ‘energy-related industrial cluster’ model is proposed here to aid in energy convergence and transmission, as well as to realize network cluster synergy.
The Influence of Service Quality on Restaurants' Customer Loyalty

This study investigates the customers’ expectation and perceptions of service quality delivered by restaurants in Shiraz and its effect on customers’ satisfaction and loyalty. By clustering sampling method, 450 customers of the restaurants located in all nine districts of Shiraz were selected and the data was collected from the respondents by means of a questionnaire. From the results it was found that customers’ expectation yielded a significant effect on the customer’s perceived quality and loyalty. Although, the effect of customers’ expectation on the customers’ satisfaction was not statistically supported. Moreover, it was discerned that the customers’ perceived quality toward the service had a significant effect on the customers’ satisfaction and customers’ loyalty. Finally, the result demonstrated the existence of a significant influence imposed by the customers’ satisfaction on the customers’ loyalty.
Comparison of coaxial higher order mode couplers for the CERN Superconducting Proton Linac study

Higher order modes (HOMs) may affect beam stability and refrigeration requirements of superconducting proton linacs such as the Superconducting Proton Linac, which is studied at CERN. Under certain conditions beam-induced HOMs can accumulate sufficient energy to destabilize the beam or quench the superconducting cavities. In order to limit these effects, CERN considers the use of coaxial HOM couplers on the cutoff tubes of the 5-cell superconducting cavities. These couplers consist of resonant antennas shaped as loops or probes, which are designed to couple to potentially dangerous modes while sufficiently rejecting the fundamental mode. In this paper, the design process is presented and a comparison is made between various designs for the high-beta SPL cavities, which operate at 704.4 MHz. The rf and thermal behavior as well as mechanical aspects are discussed. In order to verify the designs, a rapid prototype for the favored coupler was fabricated and characterized on a low-power test-stand.
Switching to Territorial Taxation: FDI Effects for Host-Countries of Foreign Subsidiaries

The paper explores the effects of the switch to territorial taxation on outbound FDI. Rather than employing standard FDI statistics, the paper uses data which reports the location of the ultimate owner. We use a quasi-experimental approach that exploits the timing of reforms. In order to provide a counterfactual we employ synthetic-control methods. Our results document a substantial increase of Japanese FDI in Germany after the switch from worldwide to territorial taxation in Japan in 2009. In contrast, the switch in the UK in the same year is not found to exert any significant effects on investment of UK multinationals in Germany. These findings support the view that only the switch in relatively high-tax countries exerts FDI effects.
Subgenomic SARS-CoV-2 replicon and reporter replicon cell lines enable ultrahigh throughput antiviral screening and mechanistic studies with antivirals, viral mutations or host factors that affect COVID-19 replication

Replicon-based technologies were used to develop reagents and assays for advanced drug discovery efforts against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and for examining all facets of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle at reduced biocontainment level. Specifically: a) 21 replicons were cloned in bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) and delivered as transfectable plasmid DNA or transcribed RNA in various cell types. Replicons carrying mutations that affect the activity or antiviral susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 enzymes were used to establish utility for mechanistic studies while reducing the community risks associated with gain-of-function studies in fully infectious virus. b) A BHK-21 stable cell line harboring SARS-CoV-2 replicon was generated and characterized in robust high/ultra-high throughput assays of antiviral efficacy with orthogonal SARS-CoV-2 replication reporter genes (Nano luciferase and enhanced green fluorescent protein-eGFP); the estimated antiviral potencies in the fully infectious SARS-CoV-2 system and in the transient or stable replicon systems were similar. HEK293 and Calu1 stable cell lines expressing SARS-CoV-2 replicon have also been prepared. Finally, c) we generated trans-encapsidated replicons by co-expression with SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins, thus producing single-round infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles that are able to transduce susceptible cell types and have expanded utility to enable study of virion assembly and entry into target cells. Hence, these SARS-CoV-2 replicon-based reagents include a novel approach to replicon-harboring cell line generation and are valuable tools that can be used at lower biosafety level (BSL2) for drug discovery efforts, characterization of SARS-CoV-2 and variant evolution in the COVID-19 pandemic, mechanisms of inhibition and resistance, and studies on the role of SARS-CoV-2 genes and host dependency factors.
The Mission Accessible Near-Earth Objects Survey: Four Years of Photometry

Over 4.5 years, the Mission Accessible Near-Earth Object Survey assembled 228 near-Earth object (NEO) light curves. We report rotational light curves for 82 NEOs, constraints on amplitudes and periods for 21 NEOs, light curves with no detected variability within the image signal-to-noise and length of our observing block for 30 NEOs, and 10 tumblers. We uncovered two ultra-rapid rotators with periods below 20 s,—2016 MA with a potential rotational periodicity of 18.4 s, and 2017 QG18 rotating in 11.9 s—and estimated the fraction of fast/ultra-rapid rotators undetected in our project plus the percentage of NEOs with a moderate/long periodicity undetectable during our typical observing blocks. We summarize the findings of a simple model of synthetic NEOs to infer the object’s morphology distribution using the measured distribution of light curve amplitudes. This model suggests that a uniform distribution of axis ratio can reproduce the observed sample. This suggests that the quantity of spherical NEOs (e.g., Bennu) is almost equivalent to the quantity of highly elongated objects (e.g., Itokawa), a result that can be directly tested thanks to shape models from Doppler delay radar imaging analysis. Finally, we fully characterized two NEOs—2013 YS2 and 2014 FA7—as appropriate targets for a potential robotic/human mission due to their moderate spin periods and low Δv.
maTLS: How to Make TLS middlebox-aware?

—Middleboxes are widely deployed in order to enhance security and performance in networking. As communication over TLS becomes increasingly common, however, the end-to-end channel model of TLS undermines the efﬁcacy of middleboxes. Existing solutions, such as ‘SplitTLS’, which in-tercepts TLS sessions, often introduce signiﬁcant security risks by installing a custom root certiﬁcate or sharing a private key. Many studies have conﬁrmed security vulnerabilities when combining TLS with middleboxes, which include certiﬁcate validation failures, use of obsolete ciphersuites, and unwanted content modiﬁcation. To address the above issues, we introduce a middlebox-aware TLS protocol, dubbed maTLS, which allows middleboxes to participate in the TLS session in a visible and auditable fashion. Every participating middlebox now splits a session into two segments with their own security parameters in collaboration with the two endpoints. The maTLS protocol is designed to authenticate the middleboxes to verify the security parameters of segments, and to audit the middleboxes’ write operations. Thus, security of the session is ensured. We prove the security model of maTLS by using Tamarin, a state-of-the-art security veriﬁcation tool. We also carry out testbed-based experiments to show that maTLS achieves the above security goals with marginal overhead.
Secure Compilation as Hyperproperties Preservation

The area of secure compilation aims to design compilers which produce hardened code that can withstand attacks from low-level co-linked components. So far, there is no formal correctness criterion for secure compilers that comes with a clear understanding of what security properties the criterion actually provides. Ideally, we would like a criterion that, if fulfilled by a compiler, guarantees that large classes of security properties of source language programs continue to hold in the compiled program, even as the compiled program is run against adversaries with low-level attack capabilities. This paper provides such a novel correctness criterion for secure compilers, called trace-preserving compilation (TPC). We show that TPC preserves a large class of security properties, namely all safety hyperproperties. Further, we show that TPC preserves more properties than full abstraction, the de-facto criterion used for secure compilation. Then, we show that several fully abstract compilers described in literature satisfy an additional, common property, which implies that they also satisfy TPC. As an illustration, we prove that a fully abstract compiler from a typed source language to an untyped target language satisfies TPC. This paper uses colours to distinguish elements of different languages. For a good experience, please print/view it in colour.
Proteomic sensing associated with terpenoid biosynthesis of Artemisia annua L. in response to different artificial light spectra

ABSTRACT Artificial light has been used to control plant growth and secondary metabolite production. Artemisia annua L. plants were illuminated with three light-emitting diode (LED) spectra to investigate proteomic and biochemical responses. After 7 days, proteomic data revealed different protein numbers in leaves, stems, and roots under particular treatments. Results demonstrated increased accumulation of several proteins, including secondary metabolite-related proteins. The red light (R) (660 nm) highly induced terpenoid proteins. Similar biochemical profiles were observed in white light (W) (445, 544 nm) and blue light (B) (445 nm) conditions, while profiles from R treatment were different. Functional proteins of W and B treatments were involved in the MVA and MEP pathways and sesquiterpene biosynthesis. By contrast, unique proteins in R treatment were mainly expressed in sesquiterpene and tetraterpene biosynthesis. Specific relationships between biosynthetic proteins and sesquiterpenes were observed, suggesting the indispensable role of the light spectrum in regulating terpenoid biosynthesis.
Lyapunov Functions for Cascade Switched Systems and Sampled-Data Control

Input-to-state stability (ISS) of switched systems is studied where the individual subsystems are connected in a serial cascade configuration, and the states are allowed to reset at switching times. An ISS Lyapunov function is associated to each of the two blocks connected in cascade, and these functions are used as building blocks for constructing ISS Lyapunov function for the interconnected system. The derivative of individual Lyapunov functions may be bounded by nonlinear decay functions, and the growth in the value of Lyapunov function at switching times may also be a nonlinear function of the value of other Lyapunov functions. The stability of overall hybrid system is analyzed by constructing a newly constructed ISS-Lyapunov function and deriving lower bounds on the average dwell-time. The particular case of linear subsystems and quadratic Lyapunov functions is also studied. The tools are also used for studying the observerbased feedback stabilization of a nonlinear switched system with event-based sampling of the output and control inputs. We design dynamic sampling algorithms based on the proposed Lyapunov functions and analyze the stability of the resulting closed-loop system.
Making economic growth and well-being compatible: evidence from Japan

Whether economic growth improves the human lot is a matter of conditions. We focus on Japan, a country where reforms in the mid-1990s shifted the country from a pattern of rampant economic growth and stagnant well-being, to one of modest growth and increasing well-being. We discuss the policy reforms and analyze the changes that explain the increase in well-being. In particular, we assess whether the factors that explain the increase are consistent with those expected from the reforms. We apply Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition to World Values Survey data. Results show that well-being increased due to improved conditions for elderly people, people with children, and women, in other words, the primary groups targeted by the reforms. We conclude that adopting a system of social safety nets contributes to make economic growth compatible with increasing well-being over time.
Does extraversion correlate with style of epistemological justification

We all have beliefs, and we justify these beliefs to ourselves and to others when questioned. The structure that these beliefs are built upon is a rationale, that itself, consists of different types of epistemological justifications. In this study I examined if the level of extraversion an individual expresses correlated with different styles of epistemological justification. The hypothesis was that there is a correlation between level of extraversion and propensity to make externalistic epistemological justifications. This correlation would be expressed as extraverted individuals would justify their epistemological beliefs like Externalists (by referring to things in the world), and that introverted individuals would justify their epistemological beliefs like Internalists (by referring to a private reference system of cognitions). An epistemological justification scale consisting of nine statements was constructed, and collected together with a standardized questionnaire measuring extraversion. Fifty-six people participated in the study. The epistemological justification scale did not achieve a sufficient level of reliability and the correlational results were non-significant. Based on the participant’s answers, it was concluded that either the epistemological justification statements were too abstract for the participants to understand, or that the participants did not know why they believed what they believed, on the abstract epistemological level. (Less)
A stable particle filter for a class of high-dimensional state-space models

Abstract We consider the numerical approximation of the filtering problem in high dimensions, that is, when the hidden state lies in ℝ d with large d. For low-dimensional problems, one of the most popular numerical procedures for consistent inference is the class of approximations termed particle filters or sequential Monte Carlo methods. However, in high dimensions, standard particle filters (e.g. the bootstrap particle filter) can have a cost that is exponential in d for the algorithm to be stable in an appropriate sense. We develop a new particle filter, called the space‒time particle filter, for a specific family of state-space models in discrete time. This new class of particle filters provides consistent Monte Carlo estimates for any fixed d, as do standard particle filters. Moreover, when there is a spatial mixing element in the dimension of the state vector, the space‒time particle filter will scale much better with d than the standard filter for a class of filtering problems. We illustrate this analytically for a model of a simple independent and identically distributed structure and a model of an L-Markovian structure (L≥ 1, L independent of d) in the d-dimensional space direction, when we show that the algorithm exhibits certain stability properties as d increases at a cost 𝒪(nNd 2), where n is the time parameter and N is the number of Monte Carlo samples, which are fixed and independent of d. Our theoretical results are also supported by numerical simulations on practical models of complex structures. The results suggest that it is indeed possible to tackle some high-dimensional filtering problems using the space‒time particle filter that standard particle filters cannot handle.
Reproductive genetics A large-scale association study to assess the impact of known variants of the human INHA gene on premature ovarian failure

Tanguy Corre1, Julia Schuettler2, Silvia Bione1,3, Anna Marozzi4, Luca Persani5,6, Raffaella Rossetti5,6, Francesca Torricelli7, Irene Giotti7, Peter Vogt2, and Daniela Toniolo1,3,8 on behalf of the Italian Network for the study of Ovarian Dysfunctions† Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 4A2, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Institute of Molecular GeneticsCNR, Pavia, Italy Department of Biology and Genetics for Medical Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy Department of Medical Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy Department of Genetic Diagnosis, Careggi University Hospital, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy Correspondence address. Tel þ39-02-26434764; Fax: þ39-02-26434767; E-mail: daniela.toniolo@hsr.it
Transaction Mechanism Based on Two-Dimensional Energy and Reliability Pricing for Energy Prosumers

Prosumers, users that consume and produce energy, increase the diversity of energy system operations as distributed sources. However, they can reduce energy system reliability by increasing uncertainty. This study presents a novel transaction mechanism based on dynamic pricing for enhancing energy system reliability. The proposed dynamic energy-reliability pricing-based transaction mechanism (ERT) increases the controllability of prosumer uncertainties by a two-dimensional pricing mechanism based on time and reliability status, as compared to conventional time-based one-dimensional energy prices. Under the proposed ERT, utilities and prosumers exchange information about the utility price and the prosumer’s intent in order to ensure that demand is met. A two-way information infrastructure built for prosumer energy trading is used for this task. The utility enhances system reliability using this information, and the prosumer increases revenue through pricing selection. The practical implementation of the proposed ERT is described for both utilities and prosumers. A case study using practical renewable generation data revealed that the proposed ERT improves not only the reliability factor of the utility but also prosumer revenue as compared to a conventional energy-based dynamic pricing case. It is also shown that an economical optimum point that maximizes prosumer net revenue exists when electrical energy storage (EES) is applied to enhance performance. Increasing to the EES capacity provided room for uncertainty management, net revenue is improved, but the economic burden by the EES cost is increased. Under the proposed ERT, the optimal point results in greater EES capacity and higher net revenue enhancement than the conventional case.