Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
n-3 Fatty Acids Preserve Insulin Sensitivity In Vivo in a Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-α–Dependent Manner

Recent studies have suggested that n-3 fatty acids, abundant in fish oil, protect against high-fat diet–induced insulin resistance through peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR)-α activation and a subsequent decrease in intracellular lipid abundance. To directly test this hypothesis, we fed PPAR-α null and wild-type mice for 2 weeks with isocaloric high-fat diets containing 27% fat from either safflower oil or safflower oil with an 8% fish oil replacement (fish oil diet). In both genotypes the safflower oil diet blunted insulin-mediated suppression of hepatic glucose production (P < 0.02 vs. genotype control) and PEPCK gene expression. Feeding wild-type mice a fish oil diet restored hepatic insulin sensitivity (hepatic glucose production [HGP], P < 0.002 vs. wild-type mice fed safflower oil), whereas in contrast, in PPAR-α null mice failed to counteract hepatic insulin resistance (HGP, P = NS vs. PPAR-α null safflower oil–fed mice). In PPAR-α null mice fed the fish oil diet, safflower oil plus fish oil, hepatic insulin resistance was dissociated from increases in hepatic triacylglycerol and acyl-CoA but accompanied by a more than threefold increase in hepatic diacylglycerol concentration (P < 0.0001 vs. genotype control). These data support the hypothesis that n-3 fatty acids protect from high-fat diet–induced hepatic insulin resistance in a PPAR-α–and diacylglycerol-dependent manner.
Effects of vegetation structure and edge habitat on the density and distribution of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) in small and large forest patches

We tested the hypothesis that if the quality or quantity of vegetation in small forest patches is greater than in large patches, then vegetation attributes may contribute to greater densities of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) in smaller patches. We trapped more mice per hectare in small (range 59 ha) than in large (range 110150 ha) patches, as has been reported by other investigators. The difference appeared to be due primarily to the disproportionately high densities of P. leucopus in the edge habitat of small patches. While the greater edge-to-interior ratio in small patches could contribute to greater overall densities of mice in small patches, we trapped the same relative amount of edge and interior habitats in each of the six study patches. The structural complexity of understory vegetation was much greater in small than in large patches and also in edge than in interior habitats across the six patches. Thus, we trapped the most mice in the most structurally complex vegetation (i.e., edges.
Spatial Ecology of Breeding Least Bitterns in Northwest Missouri

Abstract We examined the spatial ecology of breeding Least Bitterns (Ixobrychus exilis) on Squaw Creek National Wildlife Refuge in northwest Missouri using radiotelemetry. We collected 1,585 locations for 60 individuals (28 males, 32 females) during 23 May–2 August 2005 and 6 June-18 July 2006. Pooled data for both males and females, and both years resulted in mean 50 and 95% fixed kernel home range use distributions of 37.6 (n = 25) and 223.2 ha (n = 25) for all individuals with ≥30 locations. The mean maximum distance traveled between telemetry observations was 2,147.1 m (n = 28). There were no differences in home range size or mobility between male and female Least Bitterns, although there were great variations between years with birds in 2006 using home ranges five times larger than those in 2005. Habitat use was disproportionate to availability with birds using sites with cattail (Typha spp.) and arrowhead (Sagittaria spp.) to a greater extent than available in both 2005 and 2006. One of eight pairs monitored successfully reared young, while females of seven other pairs renested with new mates. Apparent nesting success was low due to severe weather events and nest depredation. We did not observe double brooding. Our study demonstrates that Least Bitterns are capable of using much larger home ranges than previously observed.
Adaptation in Pacemaker Neurons of the Crab Ganglion

Summary 1. The repetitive spike firing in the large neuron of the crab cardiac ganglion has been studied by means of intracellular recording and current injection. Adaptation occurs during the maintained depolarization of slow potential underlying repetition. 2. The threshold for spike initiation increases under the slow potential arising in the soma-dendritic membrane of the neuron which is electrically inexcitable. 3. The cause for adaptation is ascribable to an accommodative process in the electrically excitable membrane of the axon where the spike originates.
A Retrospective Survival Analysis of Townsend's Big-Eared Bat (Corynorhinus townsendii) from Washington State

Abstract Townsend's Big-eared Bat (Corynorhinus townsendii) is a species of conservation concern for many states and provinces. However, little is known about key demographic parameters, such as survival, for this species due to its sensitivity to human disturbance. This species can also be vulnerable to injuries from wing bands; the most commonly applied marking technique used in the past to estimate survival in bats. During the US Fish and Wildlife Service's Bat Banding Program (1932–1972), CM Senger banded 1,346 Townsend's Big-eared Bats at 3 major cave systems in Washington during 1964–1975, and continued to recapture banded bats until 1980. I applied current mark-recapture techniques to retrospectively estimate survival of hibernating Townsend's Big-Eared Bats banded by CM Senger. I also investigated sex, time, and trend effects on survival and capture probabilities of these 3 populations of bats using Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) open models and the modeling capabilities of program MARK. For each location, estimates of annual survival and capture probabilities varied somewhat by sex and ranged from 0.54 to 0.68 for males and 0.60 to 0.67 for females. During the banding study, band injuries were noted and populations declined at all locations potentially violating assumptions of the CJS model. However, the dataset from which these estimates were derived is likely to be the most complete and well-maintained dataset in the Bat Banding Program files. Resulting annual survival estimates from these data were relatively precise and modeling provided evidence of time and trend effects and differences in survival between the sexes. These results provide historical, post hoc estimates of an important life-history parameter for this species of bat wintering in caves in 3 localized areas of Washington State.
Modelos de regressão aleatória com diferentes estruturas de variância residual para descrever o tamanho da leitegada

Objetivou-se comparar modelos de regressao aleatoria com diferentes estruturas de variância residual, a fim de se buscar a melhor modelagem para a caracteristica tamanho da leitegada ao nascer (TLN). Utilizaram-se 1.701 registros de TLN, que foram analisados por meio de modelo animal, unicaracteristica, de regressao aleatoria. As regressoes fixa e aleatorias foram representadas por funcoes continuas sobre a ordem de parto, ajustadas por polinomios ortogonais de Legendre de ordem 3. Para averiguar a melhor modelagem para a variância residual, considerou-se a heterogeneidade de variância por meio de 1 a 7 classes de variância residual. O modelo geral de analise incluiu grupo de contemporâneo como efeito fixo; os coeficientes de regressao fixa para modelar a trajetoria media da populacao; os coeficientes de regressao aleatoria do efeito genetico aditivo-direto, do comum-de-leitegada e do de ambiente permanente de animal; e o efeito aleatorio residual. O teste da razao de verossimilhanca, o criterio de informacao de Akaike e o criterio de informacao bayesiano de Schwarz apontaram o modelo que considerou homogeneidade de variância como o que proporcionou melhor ajuste aos dados utilizados. As herdabilidades obtidas foram proximas a zero (0,002 a 0,006). O efeito de ambiente permanente foi crescente da 1a (0,06) a 5a (0,28) ordem, mas decrescente desse ponto ate a 7a ordem (0,18). O comum-de-leitegada apresentou valores baixos (0,01 a 0,02). A utilizacao de homogeneidade de variância residual foi mais adequada para modelar as variâncias associadas a caracteristica tamanho da leitegada ao nascer nesse conjunto de dado.
Responses of Nesting Yellow-Headed Blackbirds and Yellow Warblers to Wrens

Abstract We studied nest defense behavior of Yellow-headed Blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) and Yellow Warblers (Dendroica petechia) in response to two species of common nest destroyers. We presented freeze-dried models of Marsh Wrens (Cistothorus palustris) at Yellow-headed Blackbird nests and House Wrens (Troglodytes aedon) at Yellow Warbler nests during the incubation stage. We presented a Clay-colored Sparrow (Spizella pallida) as a control for both species. Male Yellow-headed Blackbirds responded more intensively to the Marsh Wren model than the control and female blackbirds responded intensively to both models but were more aggressive toward the Marsh Wren. Most Yellow Warblers did not respond to the House Wren model with their typical predator responses (e.g., alarm calls). Some female warblers were aggressive toward the wren model, whereas others sat in their nest. Sitting in the nest as a defense to deter nest destruction by House Wren needs further investigation. Differences in response levels between blackbirds and warblers may be related to differences in levels of nest destruction experienced by the two species or differences in nest defense behaviors used by the two species.
THE PERIVISCBRAL ELEMENTS OF ECHINODERM BODY FLUIDS

A variety of cell bodies has been described from the perivisceral fluid of echinoderms. There has been some disagreement in the descriptions of earlier investigators, but recent work (Boolootian and Giese, 1958), has clarified much of this. This review, which also presents some new material, verifies much of the work of earlier investigators. Recent advances in microscopy have contributed to research in this field. The phase microscope, for example, has made it possible to observe the elements before they are altered by contact with air, glass, or chemicals. This brought the discovery of the transformation of one of the common cell types into another, and explained the great variability of cell counts of these two particular cell types in earlier reports. It is hoped that from this newer and more precise data we can formulate a tentative theory of the phylogenetic relationships of the Echinodermata, based on their various body fluid constituents.
Anatomy and Identification of South Indian Rattans (Calamus Species)

The stern anatomy of fifteen species of Calamus occurring in South India was studied to explore the possibility of using anatomical features to distinguish between the rattans at the species level. The most promising features of diagnostic importance are epidermal cell size and shape and 'papilla'-like reflective bodies. While metaxylem vessel diameter, fibre wall thickness and stomatal frequency are often useful, fibre length and diameter, ground parenchyma, vessel perforations and silica bodies are of relatively little value in species separation. Although cell size often differs between the species of two different stern diameter classes, the majority of the anatomical features overlap among the species. Stern position is, however, an important source of anatomical variation. With the possible combination of several anatomical characteristics and stern diameter, a tentative identification key to South Indian rattan species is prepared.
Pests of Coffee in Uganda, their Status and Control

Abstract In Uganda, robusta coffee, which forms the main crop, is relatively free from pests, but these can be serious with the more valuable arabica crop. Most research in the last 20 years has been directed towards the development of chemical control methods and of machinery suitable for use by smallholders. Of insecticides tested, fenitrothion has been found suitable for controlling most coffee pests. Its application is a problem since most of the coffee is not accessible to wheeled machinery, and farmers cannot afford expensive sprayers. Teams using knapsack sprayers have been found suitable for the routine treatment of arabica coffee. Any applications to robusta coffee are made by individual farmers. Recommended threshold levels for spraying are given for some insects. Experience has shown that insecticide applications can create new pest problems. The ecology of coffee pests in Uganda requires more study since little is known of the causes of outbreaks or why pests differ in importance locally.
Growth of ungrafted and grafted citrus rootstocks under saline water irrigation

Growth of citrus genotypes under salinity during the plant formation was assessed. The experimental design consisted of a randomized block design with three replications in a greenhouse. Five salinity levels (0.8; 1.6; 2.4; 3.2; and 4.0 dS m-1) of irrigation water were applied to 12 genotypes (citrus varieties and hybrids from crossings involving Citrus and Poncirus) of citrus rootstocks, ungrafted and grafted with ‘Tahiti’ lime and ‘Star Ruby’ grapefruit. The irrigation with saline water was started at 60 days after sowing. Plants were initially grown in polyethylene tubes of 288 ml, and were transplanted to plastic bags, filled with commercial substrate after five months. The stem diameter, stem height and number of leaves on ungrafted rootstocks and scion-rootstock combinations were evaluated every 30 days. Data were assessed by analysis of variance by the 'F' test. Regression analyses were performed for quantitative variables (salinity) and means were compared at 5% of probability for qualitative factors (rootstocks and scions combinations) by Scott-Knott and Tukey tests. Citrus growth was reduced by salinity. The hybrid between Sunki of Florida mandarin (TSKFL) and citrange C25 (CTC25) - 010 and ‘Troyer’ citrange had greater growth compared to ungrafted. ‘Rangpur’ lime under ‘Tahiti’ lime is the most indicated combination for irrigation with saline water. Key words: Citrus spp. , salt stress, rootstocks, varieties and hybrids, water quality, salinity, seedlings.
Dietary Lysine Requirement of Juvenile Yellowtail Flounder Pleuronectes Ferrugineus

The lysine requirements of juvenile yellowtail flounder (Pleuronectes ferrugineus) having 19.5 g initial body weight were estimated by feeding six practical-type diets containing graded levels of lysine (1.21 to 2.69% of dry diet). Dietary amino acid profile simulated that of whole body of yellowtail flounder. Most of amino acids in the diets were provided by corn gluten meal, herring meal and gelatin. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) improved significantly until lysine level increased up to 2.1% (4.3% of protein). Same trend was observed in feed:gain ratio (FGR) which maintained constant in fish groups fed diets containing lysine above 2.1%. The highest nitrogen gain (0.34 g/fish) in whole body was found in fish fed 2.1% lysine, though the value was not different from those of fish fed above the level of lysine. Fish fed 2.1% lysine also showed the best nitrogen retention efficiency of 24.6%. The broken-line analysis of protein efficiency ratio and body nitrogen gain against dietary lysine level yielded an estimated lysine requirement of 2.2% (4.5% of protein) and 2.3% (4.7% of protein), respectively. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2003. Vol 16, No. 12 : 1777-1781)
Blakiston’s Fish-owl Bubo blakistoni and logging: Applying resource selection information to endangered species conservation in Russia

Summary Blakiston's Fish-owl Bubo blakistoni is classified as ‘Endangered’ by IUCN; this species is associated with riparian old-growth forests in north-east Asia, a landscape threatened by a variety of impacts (e.g. logging, agricultural development, human settlement). We examined a 20,213 km2 study area in Primorye, Russia, and assessed the ability of the protected area network to conserve Blakiston's Fish-owls by analysing resource selection of radio-marked individuals. Based on resource selection functions, we predicted that 60–65 Blakiston's fish-owl home ranges could occur within the study area. We found that the protected area network within our study area contained only 19% of optimal Blakiston's fish-owl habitat and contained only eight potential home ranges (five of these within a single protected area—Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve). We also found that 43% of optimal Blakiston's Fish-owl habitat was within current logging leases; lands capable of supporting habitat equivalent to 24 home ranges. The remaining optimal habitat (38%) was on federal land and potentially contained 28–33 Blakiston's Fish-owl home ranges. The current protected area network, by itself, is not sufficient to conserve the species because relatively few home ranges are actually protected. Therefore, outside of protected areas, we recommend protecting specific locations within potential home ranges that likely contain suitable nest and foraging sites, maintaining integrity of riparian areas, modifying road construction methods, and closing old and unused logging roads to reduce anthropogenic disturbance to the owls and the landscape.
Improving Automatic Response Model System for Intrusion Detection System

Intrusion Detection System is a system used to detect attacks on a network. IDS can be divided into two types: host-based IDS and network-based IDS. NIDS is mostly used because it consist of several sub-network nodes and more easily to control the host. The problems occurred on the NIDS is not integrated yet with system response and consume time to handling the incident. In this research, we proposed a model of automatic response model through SMS sending to handling system based on detection information. The automated response system works by detecting incoming messages from user and executing instructions against the attacked system based on NIDS detection. We use Snort IDS as NIDS machine to produce alert intrusion. The experimental results showed that the proposed model on attack detection mechanism was successed of response of at least 80% based on the instructions of user done through short message send (sms).
Provenance Transmission through a Two-Dimensional Covert Timing Channel in WSNs

Provenances, which record the history of data acquisition and transmission, are hard to be transmitted in resource-tightened wireless sensor networks (WSNs) due to their drastic size expansion with the increase in packet transmission hops. To ease the burden caused by the provenance transmission, we first designed a two-dimensional covert timing channel (2dCTC) and then applied it to provenances transmission in WSNs. Based on Cantor Expansion, 2dCTC uses pseudo packet IDs permutation and packet sizes variation together to form a two-dimensional communication medium. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results show that 2dCTC not only has a much higher channel capacity than those of most of the known CTCs, but also conserves more energy for provenance transmission in WSNs. Furthermore, 2dCTC provides a new way to increase CTCs channel capacity and stealthiness through multi-dimensional approaches.
Does taxonomic resolution affect the multivariate description of the structure of freshwater benthic macroinvertebrate communities

Ten data sets from published studies of freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates were used to deduce the necessary level of taxonomic resolution (from genus to phylum) for assessing variation in community structure. Quantitative data sets describing communities of benthic invertebrates identified to genus were aggregated to family, order, class, and phylum. Bray-Curtis distances between each pair of communities in a given study were calculated at each level of taxonomic aggregation. Also, quantitative data were converted to qualitative (presence-absence) data and aggregated in the same manner. Jaccard's distances between communities were calculated for these data matrices. Correlations between the resulting distance matrices, calculated at different taxonomic resolutions, were quantified using Mantel's test (N. Mantel. 1967. Cancer Res. 27: 209-220). Distance matrices for different taxonomic resolutions were highly correlated (r >> 0.64) when based on quantitative data for all except 1 of the 10 studies. Cor.
McKernel: A Library for Approximate Kernel Expansions in Log-linear Time

McKernel introduces a framework to use kernel approximates in the mini-batch setting with Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) as an alternative to Deep Learning. Based on Random Kitchen Sinks [Rahimi and Recht 2007], we provide a C++ library for Large-scale Machine Learning. It contains a CPU optimized implementation of the algorithm in [Le et al. 2013], that allows the computation of approximated kernel expansions in log-linear time. The algorithm requires to compute the product of matrices Walsh Hadamard. A cache friendly Fast Walsh Hadamard that achieves compelling speed and outperforms current state-of-the-art methods has been developed. McKernel establishes the foundation of a new architecture of learning that allows to obtain large-scale non-linear classification combining lightning kernel expansions and a linear classifier. It travails in the mini-batch setting working analogously to Neural Networks. We show the validity of our method through extensive experiments on MNIST and FASHION MNIST [Xiao et al. 2017].
The UMA-VI dataset: Visual–inertial odometry in low-textured and dynamic illumination environments

This article presents a visual–inertial dataset gathered in indoor and outdoor scenarios with a handheld custom sensor rig, for over 80 min in total. The dataset contains hardware-synchronized data from a commercial stereo camera (Bumblebee®2), a custom stereo rig, and an inertial measurement unit. The most distinctive feature of this dataset is the strong presence of low-textured environments and scenes with dynamic illumination, which are recurrent corner cases of visual odometry and simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) methods. The dataset comprises 32 sequences and is provided with ground-truth poses at the beginning and the end of each of the sequences, thus allowing the accumulated drift to be measured in each case. We provide a trial evaluation of five existing state-of-the-art visual and visual–inertial methods on a subset of the dataset. We also make available open-source tools for evaluation purposes, as well as the intrinsic and extrinsic calibration parameters of all sensors in the rig. The dataset is available for download at http://mapir.uma. es/work/uma-visual-inertial-dataset
24-epibrassinolide regulated diminution of Cr metal toxicity in Brassica juncea L. plants

The present work was undertaken to study the effects of 24-epibrassinolide (0, 10-10, 10-8 and 10-6 M) on growth (shoot length and number of leaves), protein content and activities of antioxidative enzymes [guaiacol peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2), ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11), superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), monodehydroascorbate reductase (EC 1.1.5.4) and dehydroascorbate reductase (EC 1.8.5.1)] in leaves of 60 days-old Brassica juncea L. plants treated with different concentrations of Cr metal. It was observed that treatment of different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mM) of Cr metal alone decreased the shoot length and number of leaves and regulated the enzyme activities and protein concentration of plants. However, seed-presoaking treatments of 24-epibrassinolide improved the growth and stimulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes and protein content in leaves of B. juncea plants thus indicating the stress-ameliorative properties of 24-epibrassinolide.