Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parameter Optimization of a Conceptual Rainfall-Runoff Model in the Coastal Urban Region

ABSTRACT Sunwoo, W. ; Lee, G. ; Nguyen, H.H. ; Shin, H. , and Jun, K.S. , 2021. Parameter optimization of a conceptual rainfall-runoff model in the coastal urban region. In: Lee, J.L. ; Suh, K. -S. ; Lee, B. ; Shin, S. , and Lee, J. (eds.), Crisis and Integrated Management for Coastal and Marine Safety. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 114, pp. 261–265. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The rainfall-runoff simulation based on local conditions is crucial for flood monitoring and mitigation. Although numerous rainfall-runoff models were widely used, only few studies have been applied in coastal regions in South Korea. The major reasons are that model parameters are incorrectly determined, and the peak flooding is overestimated due to extreme rainfall events. In this study, a conceptual rainfall-runoff model, the Probability Distributed Model (PDM), was employed to simulate discharge with an incorporation of combined satellite-, model-, and ground-based soil moisture as an input data. The combined soil moisture data was generated using two renormalization strategies. In this study, we aimed to compare the performances of two optimization techniques associated in the PDM model, including a traditional non-linear and a newly metaheuristics algorithms, for the discharge prediction. The simulation was conducted in a coastal urban region, Hongseong, using the optimized parameter sets for flood events. The simulated results from the PDM model revealed that parameters obtained with the metaheuristics algorithm indicated a superior performance when comparing against the observed runoff data. Moreover, parameter sets obtained by the metaheuristics algorithm and non-linear technique showed significant differences. The method of this study can provide more improvements in rainfall-runoff simulation results for flood management.
Anthropogenic Carbon Analysis in Eastern Sumatra Waters, Indonesia

ABSTRACT Avrionesti; Hermawan, W. ; Putri, M.R. ; Diastomo, H. ; Badriana, M.R. ; Surya, M.Y. ; Abdurrahman, U. ; Suprijo, T. , and Park, H. , 2021. Anthropogenic carbon analysis in eastern Sumatra waters, Indonesia. In: Lee, J.L. ; Suh, K. -S. ; Lee, B. ; Shin, S. , and Lee, J. (eds.), Crisis and Integrated Management for Coastal and Marine Safety. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 114, pp. 276–280. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Human activities are increasing the production of released carbon dioxide into the air, land, or waters. The impact of those activities on the ocean was analyzed based on the calculation of anthropogenic carbon using inorganic carbon measurements. To enhance the understanding of carbon anthropogenic in another part of Indonesia, this research aims to get the spatial distribution of oceanic anthropogenic carbon at eastern Sumatra waters. The 2020 anthropogenic carbon is also calculated based on pH, salinity, and temperature trends and then compared with the revelle factor value to assess the carbon saturation of waters in eastern Sumatra. The concentration of anthropogenic carbon, in general, is inversely proportional to the revelle factor.
Seabed Sub-Bottom Sediment Classification Using Artificial Intelligence

ABSTRACT Kim, H.D. ; Aoki, S. ; Oh, H. ; Kim, K.H. ; and Oh, J., 2021. Seabed sub-bottom sediment classification using artificial intelligence. In: Lee, J.L. ; Suh, K. -S. ; Lee, B. ; Shin, S. , and Lee, J. (eds.), Crisis and Integrated Management for Coastal and Marine Safety. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 114, pp. 305–309. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Understanding fluid mud density and depth can contribute directly to the development of strategies to reduce dredging costs and other problems in coastal waterways. Although echo sounders are most commonly employed to measure depth, each country has different ways to classify the sub-bottom echo character classification. This study aims to train and test the YOLOv3 artificial intelligence model to classify sub-bottom profiles along with the Darknet-53 framework. Two dataset packages with different amount of image data were used to compare the model performance. The mean average precision (mAP), loss, average intersection of union (IoU), and F1 scores were compared to interpret the results between dataset packages. Throughout the study, it was observed that when the number of images used in training was higher, the model training performances improved. The results of this study show that the YOLOv3 model was successfully trained and tested on the sub-bottom profile datasets, resulting in a high accuracy of classification detection.
Changes in Power Generation at Sihwa Lake Tidal Power Plant with the Installation of Submerged Breakwaters

ABSTRACT Kim, T. -W. ; Kim, Y. -J.; Yoon J.-S. , and Kim, M. -K. , 2021. Changes in power generation at Sihwa Lake Tidal Power Plant with the installation of submerged breakwaters. In: Lee, J.L. ; Suh, K. -S. ; Lee, B. ; Shin, S. , and Lee, J. (eds.), Crisis and Integrated Management for Coastal and Marine Safety. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 114, pp. 146–150. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Tidal power generation uses potential energy generated by vertical movements of the sea level to run a hydro turbine to produce electricity; thus, it is suitable for areas with large differences between tidal waves. The Sihwa Lake Tidal Power Plant situated on the west coast of South Korea is located at the center of the 11.2-km-long Sihwa Seawall. It generates power by using the increased water level in the outer region during ebb, and it discharges the seawater inflow caused by power generation during flood. In this study, the EFDC (Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code model), which can reproduce the operation patterns of the Sihwa sluice gate and considers permeable structures, was applied to predict the effect of changes in seawater flow resulting from the installation of impact reduction facilities on the nearby offshore of the Sihwa Lake Tidal Power Plant. To calculate the amount of power generated using a numerical model, a year-long daily operation record of the tidal power plant in 2013 was analyzed and used as input conditions (sluice gate operation, runoff) of the numerical model. In addition, a relational expression was derived using the data—inner/outer water-level difference (ΔH), hydro turbine water flowrate (Q), and power generated (W)—and the power output was calculated using the inflow rate calculated by the numerical model.
Experimental Comparison of Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Submerged Floating Tunnel with Different Cross-Sectional Shape

ABSTRACT Oh, S. -H. and Park, W.S. , 2021. Experimental comparison of hydrodynamic characteristics of submerged floating tunnel with different cross-sectional shape. In: Lee, J.L. ; Suh, K. -S. ; Lee, B. ; Shin, S. , and Lee, J. (eds.), Crisis and Integrated Management for Coastal and Marine Safety. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 114, pp. 46–50. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. This study conducted physical experiments to investigate hydrodynamic characteristics of the submerged floating tunnel (SFT) under wave loading, when the cross-sectional shape of the SFT was either oval or rectangular. By analyzing the experimental data, the performance of the two SFT models were compared with that of the conventional SFT of circular cross-section, which already reported by a previous study (Oh et al., 2013). The experimental results showed that the tensile forces on the tethering lines and the associated wave pressures on the SFT body apparently vary according to the change of the cross-sectional shape of the SFT. In general, the rectangular cross-section was less effective because the tensile forces on the tethering lines and the pressures on the SFT body were greater than those of the oval cross-section.
The mechanisms of trust formation under different conditions of political identity: An experiment among Taiwanese voters

Trust and cooperation within and between political identity groups are important issues for building a healthy civil society and democratic development. However, this research problem has seldom been analyzed under different political identity conditions by means of experimental design in Taiwan. Presidential elections have reproduced the polarization between two groups of voters supporting different presidential candidates. Therefore, in this article the authors are interested in whether political identity matters in trust exchanges among strangers. This study applies a three-stage trust game experiment to examine how trust is developed within pairs of subjects with either the same or different political identity. In the first stage subjects were randomly matched in pairs as trustor and trustee, and their political identities were not disclosed. In the second stage the pairs were still randomly matched, but each subject was informed of their partner’s political identity. In the final stage each subject could choose the preferred political identity of his/her partner. There were two mechanisms of trust-behavior formation under different identity conditions. The first mechanism was political identity. Supporters of presidential candidate Ma Ying-Jeou were more trustful than supporters of candidate Tsai Ing-Wen. Under the condition of subjects knowing their partner’s political identity, the identity effect became strongly significant in stages 2 and 3 of the experiment, especially for that of the Ma–Ma group. The second mechanism was mutuality. The mutuality effect was very significant in all three stages of the trust experiment, and that effect was stronger for those who voted for Tsai.
Proving non-fatal strangulation in family violence cases: A case study on the criminalisation of family violence

Non-fatal strangulation is recognised as a common form of coercive control in violent relationships. Overwhelmingly it is perpetrated by men against women. It is dangerous both because of the immediate and serious injuries it can cause, and the risk of future violence associated with it. A discrete offence of non-fatal strangulation has been introduced in many countries. Queensland, Australia introduced a discrete non-fatal strangulation offence in 2016. While the offence is charged often, around half the non-fatal strangulation charges laid by police do not proceed. We spoke to prosecution and defence lawyers to better understand the evidential obstacles to successful prosecution. We found that the prosecution of the offence faces challenges common to family violence offences more broadly, despite it being a discrete physical act. Specifically, we found that the willingness of the victim to testify and the perception of the victim's credibility were key to successful prosecution.
Spatio-temporal land cover dynamics and emerging landscape patterns in western part of Lagos State, Nigeria

Abstract Lagos State, which is home to Lagos metropolis and the eighteenth largest urban agglomeration in 2018 in the world, has been characterized by rapid urbanization. An earlier study of the eastern segment of the state revealed dramatic urban growth in previously rural local councils where it replaced mostly ecological assets. For a statewide view of the landscape pattern changes, this study examined the western segment of the state to characterize the magnitude and trend of these changes. This was done with Landsat images for 1984, 2006 and 2015 along with ENVI 5.0 software and FRAGSTATS v.4. 2 spatial pattern analysis program. Results show that cumulatively, the ecological assets, which comprised 75% of the area in 1984, have been whittled down to about 34% by 2015 having been lost through urban development. At the council level in 2015, the highest growth areas, in decreasing order of magnitude, were Alimosho, Badagry, Ojo and Amuwo Odofin local government areas. Both class and landscape-level metrics confirmed the dominance and fragmentation of the resultant landscape in 2015 by urban development. In 1984, vegetation dominated the landscape at 55% coverage and was the largest feature with the highest area-weighted contiguity or connectedness index. Thirty-one years later in 2015, built-up areas were the dominant patch with 54% coverage and the highest contiguity and area-weighted contiguity index, higher than vegetation. These findings have narrowed the information gap about the spatial and temporal changes in the ecological assets of the western segment of Lagos State as a result of rapid urban expansion.
Visual representations of women in a Jamaican science textbook: perpetuating an outdated, sexist ideology

ABSTRACT The gender gap in post-compulsory science education remains a key concern for educators in many countries. Over the last two decades significant effort has been placed in a number of initiatives aimed not only at raising the profile of science in schools, but also at widening female participation. Despite these initiatives, the rate of female participation in science has typically remained below that of males. Although many reasons have been advanced to explain this, visual representations in school science textbooks remain under-researched. Against a background of gender disparity in the Jamaican education system, this article examines the extent to which visual representations in a widely used school science textbook reinforce or ameliorate gender stereotypes. The results indicate that the textbook presents implicit support for gender-biased messages, though in ways that are more subtle than might be supposed. There were a number of ways in which the images did not favour males over females but there were also other ways in which males were more likely to be portrayed as powerful and in high-status ‘positions’, while females were more likely to be depicted in inferior situations. Such gender representations may affect how students see themselves in relation to science.
The role of the medium for verbal engagement: shared reading in groups with books and apps in Norwegian ECEC-institutions

ABSTRACT This article presents findings from a study carried out with groups of children (N = 72; M = 57.2 months) in early childhood education and care (ECEC) institutions in Norway. Twelve teachers read two stories, once in a print book format and once in a picture book app, with groups of children. Children’s and teachers’ verbal engagement was coded for dialogue length (duration) and topic (frequency; utterance about medium or narrative/content). Findings revealed that average dialogue length does not vary as an effect of medium. However, there are significantly more utterances about the medium in app readings than in book readings. Moreover, apps that are high in interactivity and hot spots, generate more talk about the medium than low-interactivity apps. Implications of these findings for shared reading with groups of children in kindergarten settings, are discussed.
Board game design: an educational tool for understanding environmental issues

ABSTRACT Framing, implementing, and engaging youth in authentic scientific inquiry are highly valued in science education; however, we have very limited knowledge of the nature and use of tools that accomplish these. Therefore, we proposed that board game design is a meaningful tool for engaging youth in understanding environmental issues. We reported findings from an educational board game design workshop based on real world issues for teens aged 13–17 years conducted at a large public library Makerspace. Using qualitative methods, we analysed the teens’ process of making one such game, Pollutaplop, to understand its merits and argued that board game design nurtured the development of tools for inquiry. In response to the recent surge of interest in creating tools for learning about natural systems, we found that designing board games in authentic contexts engaged youth in building models as well as systems thinking. Intent gamers, including youth, might be well positioned to appreciate the complexities of both games and the contexts they are set in.
Equipping soldiers to benefit from goal-focused leadership: The moderating effects of non-discriminatory leader behaviors and workgroup cohesion

ABSTRACT We apply the Job Demands-Resources model to explicate how two contextual factors (nondiscriminatory leadership behavior and cohesion) may equip subordinates to benefit from the leadership style of goal-focused leadership (GFL), a predominant leadership style in the military context. We predict that only when GFL is delivered in conjunction with nondiscriminatory leadership behaviors in a cohesive workgroup (which, we theorize, combine to create a resource-rich environment), subordinates may experience the lowest levels of exhaustion. We tested our hypothesis in two independent samples of uniformed United States Department of Defense personnel deployed in non-combat zones, and results are fully supportive. We add to recent efforts to expand the nomological network of GFL, pinpointing situational factors that may equip subordinates to experience lower (rather than higher) exhaustion when working with a goal-focused leader. In doing so, we also contribute to theory on diversity and stress, and we suggest practical applications for leadership across a range of hierarchical contexts, including the military and other large organizations. In all, our work may help inform the proper balance of leadership and workgroup factors, which determine the optimal context in which individuals can be equipped to benefit from GFL.
On-farm demonstration: enabling peer-to-peer learning

By means of its policy and supportive tools, the European Commission has undertaken numerous initiatives to increase the innovativeness of the agricultural sector, with the overall aim of making Europe’s farms more competitive, environmentally sustainable and socially responsible (European Commission 2019). Recognising the importance of learning processes to innovation, in the past decade the European Commission commissioned a series of projects addressing agricultural knowledge and innovation systems (AKIS): Solinsa (Moschitz et al. 2015); FarmPath (Sutherland et al. 2015); PROAKIS (Knierim et al. 2017); AgriSpin (Koutsouris and Zacosta 2020); Agrilink (Labarthe et al. 2018); and I2 Connect. This special issue presents recent European Commissionfunded research into on-farm demonstration, undertaken through the Horizon 2020 PLAID (Peer-to-peer learning: Accessing innovation through demonstration), AgriDemo-F2F (building an interactive agridemo-hub community: enhancing peer-to-peer learning), and NEFERTITI (Networking European Farms to Enhance Cross Fertilisation and Innovation Uptake through Demonstration) projects, jointly branded ‘FarmDemo’. The European Commission (2014, 3) defines a demonstration project/activity as a:
Shared leadership, self-management and perceived team effectiveness in the military context

ABSTRACT Although there are many studies of leadership in military teams, few have focused on military team factors that could be linked to shared leadership in an international military staff. The focus of shared leadership is on team members’ interacting in order to lead collectively by sharing leadership tasks, rather than on an individual being a sole leader. The aim of this study is to identify predictors of a positive attitude toward shared leadership in the context of military teams, and how they are related to perceived team effectiveness. Results show that task complexity is the critical predictor of a positive attitude toward shared leadership, and that attitude toward shared leadership is positively related to perceived team effectiveness through self-management in a military context. What is more, when self-management is low in military teams, trust compensates to increase the perceived effectiveness. The findings contribute to the literature on attitude toward shared leadership in the specific context of international military teams.
Using Artificial Intelligence (AI)-interfaced robotic toys in early childhood settings: a case for children’s inquiry literacy

ABSTRACT This study explores the use of interactive Artificial Intelligence (AI)-interfaced robotic toys within early childhood (EC) settings to develop children’s inquiry literacy. Arguments about the appropriate role of AI in EC education have received much attention when examining the potential of the integration of technology into children’s play and learning. Using Vygotsky’s mediation theory (1978) and employing a design-based research methodology, teachers intentionally used AI robotic toys to engage children (4–5 years old) during play experiences. The data from both teachers’ and children’s interviews, observations and artefact analysis revealed how children creatively collaborated with their peers to create a sustainable city for their robot and ‘his’ family to live happily. Children’s play with the AI robot fostered inquiry literacies – namely creative inquiry, emotional inquiry and collaborative inquiry. This study contributes to research by exploring the use of AI toys together with physical and artificial environments and offers a case to shape children’s inquiry literacies. Implications lie in upskilling EC teachers to provide opportunities to play with AI-interfaced robotic toys to foster children’s inquiry literacy development process.
Effectiveness of on-farm demonstration events in the EU: role of structural characteristics

ABSTRACT Purpose The objective of this paper is to undertake an in-depth exploration of how structural characteristics of on-farm demonstration events impact the effectiveness of the demonstration as perceived by participants. Methodology An explanatory mixed-methods approach was used based on the responses to 356 post-demonstration questionnaires filled out by the attendees of 31 demonstration events held in 12 EU countries in 2018, together with the qualitative data from an observation tool, interviews and case study reports relating to the same 31 events. Factor analysis was employed to predict general effectiveness, complemented with a qualitative analysis of participants’ responses to improve the understanding of the quantitative results. Findings Results indicate that peer-to-peer learning activities and good facilitation increase participants’ perception of the effectiveness of a demonstration event. Furthermore, characteristics such as the structure of the day, the suitability of the host farm, a trustworthy demonstrator, and group size add much to the effectiveness of a demo event. Group dynamics – including group connectedness and composition – have the potential to impact perceived effectiveness. Practical implications The paper contains clear messages for practitioners when designing a demonstration event. Theoretical implications Our results connect with theories on motivation and adult learning in the context of farmer learning during on-farm demonstration. Originality The paper is based on a rich empirical dataset. It reveals that group size and learning methods are crucial to achieve effective learning outcomes during demonstration events.