Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlation of response spectral values in Japanese ground motions

Ground motion models predict the mean and standard deviation of the logarithm of spectral acceleration, as a function of predictor variables such as earthquake magnitude, distance and site condition. Such models have been developed for a variety of seismic environments throughout the world. Some calculations, such as the Conditional Mean Spectrum calculation, use this information but additionally require knowledge of correlation coefficients between logarithmic spectral acceleration values at multiple periods. Such correlation predictions have, to date, been developed primarily from data recorded in the Western United States from active shallow crustal earthquakes. This paper describes results from a study of spectral acceleration correlations from Japanese earthquake ground motion data that includes both crustal and subduction zone earthquakes. Comparisons are made between estimated correlations for Japanese response spectral ordinates and correlation estimates developed from Western United States ground motion data. The effect of ground motion model, earthquake source mechanism, seismic zone, site conditions, and source to site distance on estimated correlations is evaluated and discussed. Confidence intervals on these correlation estimates are introduced, to aid in identifying statistically significant differences in correlations among the factors considered. Observed general trends in correlation are similar to previous studies, with the exception of correlation of spectral accelerations between orthogonal components, which is seen to be higher here than previously observed. Some differences in correlations between earthquake source zones and earthquake mechanisms are observed, and so tables of correlations coefficients for each specific case are provided.
Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of a Remote Hybrid Power System with Pumped Hydro Storage

In this research, dynamic modeling of a remote hybrid power system and feasibility of a pumped hydro storage system is presented. Current hybrid system in Ramea, Newfoundland has an electrolyzer, storage and hydrogen generator system. This research proposes a pumped hydro storage as a replacement to the hydrogen system. Detailed MATLAB‐Simulink modeling has been done for every component of the Ramea hybrid power system. Incorporation of a pumped hydro system and some lead acid batteries will eliminate the low turn around efficiency of the electrolyzer and hydrogen generator system. The system dynamic model presented here is fast, accurate and includes dynamic and supervisory controllers. The proposed real time supervisory controller algorithm observes the available surplus/missing power in the system and regulates pump/turbine and charging/discharging of the battery bank to maintain a stable system frequency. This paper presents dynamic model, supervisory controller design and algorithm, six case studies and detailed simulation results.
An Experimental Assessment of Computational Fluid Dynamics Predictive Accuracy for Electronic Component Operational Temperature

The flow modeling approaches employed in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes dedicated to the thermal analysis of electronic equipment are generally not specific for the analysis of forced airflows over populated Printed Circuit Boards. This limitation has been previously highlighted [1], with component junction temperature prediction errors of up to 35% reported. This study evaluates the predictive capability of candidate turbulence models more suited to the analysis of electronic component heat transfer. Significant improvements in component junction temperature prediction accuracy are obtained, relative to a standard high-Reynolds number k-e model, which are attributed to better prediction of both board leading edge heat transfer and component thermal interaction. Such improvements would enable parametric analysis of product thermal performance to be undertaken with greater confidence in the thermal design process, and the generation of more accurate temperature boundary conditions for use in Physics-of-Failure based reliability prediction methods. The case is made for vendors of CFD codes dedicated to the thermal analysis of electronics to consider the adoption of eddy viscosity turbulence models more suited to board-level analysis.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
The alternative splicing landscape of a coral reef fish during a marine heatwave

Abstract Alternative splicing is a molecular mechanism that enables a single gene to encode multiple transcripts and proteins by post‐transcriptional modification of pre‐RNA molecules. Changes in the splicing scheme of genes can lead to modifications of the transcriptome and the proteome. This mechanism can enable organisms to respond to environmental fluctuations. In this study, we investigated patterns of alternative splicing in the liver of the coral reef fish Acanthochromis polyacanthus in response to the 2016 marine heatwave on the Great Barrier Reef. The differentially spliced (DS; n = 40) genes during the onset of the heatwave (i.e., 29.49°C or +1°C from average) were related to essential cellular functions such as the MAPK signaling system, Ca(2+) binding, and homeostasis. With the persistence of the heatwave for a period of one month (February to March), 21 DS genes were detected, suggesting that acute warming during the onset of the heatwave is more influential on alternative splicing than the continued exposure to elevated temperatures. After the heatwave, the water temperature cooled to ~24.96°C, and fish showed differential splicing of genes related to cyto‐protection and post‐damage recovery (n = 26). Two‐thirds of the DS genes detected across the heatwave were also differentially expressed, revealing that the two molecular mechanisms act together in A. polyacanthus to cope with the acute thermal change. This study exemplifies how splicing patterns of a coral reef fish can be modified by marine heatwaves. Alternative splicing could therefore be a potential mechanism to adjust cellular physiological states under thermal stress and aid coral reef fishes in their response to more frequent acute thermal fluctuations in upcoming decades.
Effect of Mixing Methods on the Precipitation of Basic Copper Acetate

Basic copper acetate can be obtained by mixing copper acetate with sodium hydroxide solutions. However, the quality of the resulting crystals is usually poor. An unknown peak appears in its X-ray diffraction pattern, and moreover, the intensity of the peak varies from sample to sample. In this study, effect of mixing methods on the quality of the basic copper acetate crystals was studied. The crystals were synthesized by employing three different mixing methods, which were batch, semi-batch system, and micromixer. The intensity of the unknown peak weakened when the semi-batch system was employed. The results implied that the mixing rate gave strong influence on the quality of the resulting basic copper acetate crystals.
Design of Steerable Endoscopes to Improve the Visual Perception of Depth During Laparoscopic Surgery

Visual feedback during laparoscopic surgery is provided by an endoscope with a camera that is inserted through a small incision in the abdominal wall. The incision restricts the endoscope movements to 4 degrees of freedom (DOF), making it impossible to observe organs from different sides. This paper describes two 6 DOF steerable endoscopes that contain a new spatial parallelogram-mechanism to transform the handgrip movements into movements of the steerable tip. Part of the mechanism is a new kind of spring that combines high torsion stiffness with a low bending stiffness. The endoscopes and the spring have been applied for two international patents.
Modeling and Simulation of a Carrier-based PWM Voltage Source Inverter for a Nine Phase Induction Machine Drive

The analysis of a carrier-based PWM two-level voltage source inverter for a nine-phase induction machine drive system is presented in this paper. Methods for generating zero-sequence signals during balanced and unbalanced condition are established. Simulation results for the analysis are presented. Two fault conditions involving the voltage source inverter and the nine-phase squirrel cage induction machine load are investigated. For the two fault scenarios considered, the effects on the performance characteristics of the induction machine load are highlighted. The simulation results obtained show that the two imbalance conditions considered result in substantial oscillations on the electromagnetic torque of the machine with attendant reduction in the torque rating. There is also large slip in the rotor speed.
Theoretical Exploring of a Molecular Mechanism for Melanin Inhibitory Activity of Calycosin in Zebrafish

Tyrosinase is an oxidase that is the rate-limiting enzyme for controlling the production of melanin in the human body. Overproduction of melanin can lead to a variety of skin disorders. Calycosin is an isoflavone from Astragali Radix, which is a traditional Chinese medicine that exhibits several pharmacological activities including skin whitening. In our study, the inhibitory effect of calycosin on melanin production is confirmed in a zebrafish in vivo model by comparing with hydroquinone, kojic acid, and arbutin, known as tyrosinase inhibitors. Moreover, the inhibitory kinetics of calycosin on tyrosinase and their binding mechanisms are determined using molecular docking techniques, molecular dynamic simulations, and free energy analysis. The results indicate that calycosin has an obvious inhibitory effect on zebrafish pigmentation at the concentration of 7.5 μM, 15 μM, and 30 μM. The IC50 of calycosin is 30.35 μM, which is lower than hydroquinone (37.35 μM), kojic acid (6.51 × 103 μM), and arbutin (3.67 × 104 μM). Furthermore, all the results of molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and free energy analysis suggest that calycosin can directly bind to the active site of tyrosinase with very good binding affinity. The study indicates that the combination of computer molecular modeling and zebrafish in vivo assay would be feasible in confirming the result of the in vitro test and illustrating the target-binding information.
Regulation of Phosphorus Supply on Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation in Soybean Plants with Dual-Root Systems

Phosphorus (P) is an important nutrient affecting nodulation and nitrogen fixation in soybeans. To further investigate the relationship of phosphorus with soybean nodulation and nitrogen fixation, the seedling grafting technique was applied in this study to prepare dual-root soybean systems for a sand culture experiment. From the unfolded cotyledon stage to the initial flowering stage, one side of each dual-root soybean system was irrigated with nutrient solution containing 1 mg/L, 31 mg/L, or 61 mg/L of phosphorus (phosphorus-application side), and the other side was irrigated with a phosphorus-free nutrient solution (phosphorus-free side), to study the effect of local phosphorus supply on nodulation and nitrogen fixation in soybean. The results are described as follows: (1) Increasing the phosphorus supply increased the nodules weight, nitrogenase activity, ureide content, number of bacteroids, number of infected cells, and relative expression levels of nodule nitrogen fixation key genes (GmEXPB2, GmSPX5, nifH, nifD, nifK, GmALN1, GmACP1, GmUR5, GmPUR5, and GmHIUH5) in root nodules on the phosphorus-application side. Although the phosphorus-application and phosphorus-free sides demonstrated similar changing trends, the phosphorus-induced increases were more prominent on the phosphorus-application side, which indicated that phosphorus supply systematically regulates nodulation and nitrogen fixation in soybean. (2) When the level of phosphorus supply was increased from 1 mg/L to 31 mg/L, the increase on the P– side root was significant, and nodule phosphorus content increased by 57.14–85.71% and 68.75–75.00%, respectively; ARA and SNA were 218.64–383.33% and 11.41–16.11%, respectively, while ureide content was 118.18–156.44%. When the level of phosphorus supply was increased from 31mg/L to 61mg/L, the increase in the regulation ability of root and nodule phosphorus content, ARA, SNA, and ureide content were low for roots, and the value for nodules was lower than when the phosphorus level increased from 1 mg/L to 31 mg/L. (3) A high-concentration phosphorus supply on one side of a dual-root soybean plant significantly increased the phosphorus content in the aboveground tissues, as well as the roots and nodules on both sides. In the roots on the phosphorus-free side, the nodules were prioritized for receiving the phosphorus transported from the aboveground tissues to maintain their phosphorus content and functionality.
The Attitude toward Child Rıghts Scale: Validity and Reliability Studies

Determining the attitudes of children who have child’s rights toward their rights is crucial to revealing their viewpoint on their own rights. The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable attitude scale to determine the attitudes of children toward child’s rights. Study group of the study comprised a total of 610 students receiving education in grade three, grade four and grade five in Kırıkkale province. We performed the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) on the data. The EFA determined that the scale comprised 19 items and four factors. These dimensions were named “Living”, “Development”, “Protection” and “Participation”. The CFA analysis confirmed the four-factor structure. The Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficient was α . 80 for the total scale, α . 82 for sub-factor one, α . 82 for sub-factor two, α . 81 for sub-factor three and α . 89 for sub-factor four. Also, we calculated item analysis statistics and total item correlations based on the difference of sub-super group averages within the scope of reliability analyses. There was a significant difference between the group with a higher attitude score and the group with a lower attitude score in the scale on the basis of item score and score average. The findings revealed international convention offers the same rights to all children across the world and that the scale can measure the attitudes of children toward their rights in a valid and reliable way.
Molecular Characterization of Post Harvest Fungus Associated with Spoilt Broccoli

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is a nutritional vegetable that looks like a small tree. Despite the fact that it is extensively loaded with arrays of vitamins, minerals, fiber and antioxidants, it has been observed that it has a short lifespan of not more than 2-5 days due to post-harvest deterioration. A study was conducted to isolate and identify the common fungal pathogens causing post-harvest deterioration of broccoli crown. Diseased broccoli crowns were collected from Ogunabali Fruit Garden Market in D-Line, Port Harcourt Local Government Area of Rivers State. Fungal isolates were collected and morphologically identified. The DNA of the most common fungal isolate, BC-3B was molecularly characterized using Internal Transcribed Spacer 4 and 5 (ITS-4 and 5) molecular markers. The morphological studies revealed that the BC-3B isolate was an Aspergillus niger. The BC-3B isolate DNA sequence was aligned using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool for Nucleotide (BLASTN) 2.8. 0 version of National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. The molecular weight of the DNA of the isolates was over 600base pairs. Based on sequence similarity, it was observed that the broccoli isolate BC-3B was 93% identical to Aspergillus niger. From the above results, these findings showed that Aspergillus niger is the causal fungal pathogen of post-harvest rot of broccoli. Phylogenetic tree was constructed to access the relationship between the isolates obtained from this study. This study has provided information on some of the fungal organisms found in broccoli. It is anticipated that this result will provide information for disease control approach for alleviating the post-harvest losses of broccoli caused by Aspergillus niger and provide a foundation for further study of possible harm of consuming diseased broccoli.
Compressive Sampling Stepped Frequency GPR Using Probabilistic Structured Sparsity Models

We investigate a compressive sampling (CS) stepped frequency ground penetrating radar for detection of underground objects, which uses Bayesian estimation and a probabilistic model for the target support. Due to the underground targets being sparse, the B-scan is a sparse image. Using the CS principle, the stepped frequency radar is implemented using a subset of random frequencies at each antenna position. For image reconstruction we use Markov Chain and Markov Random Field models for the target support in the B-scan, where we also estimate the model parameters using the Expectation Maximization algorithm. The approach is tested using Web radar data obtained by measuring the signal responses scattered off land mine targets in a laboratory experimental setup. Our approach results in improved performance compared to the standard denoising algorithm for image reconstruction.
A Quick Approximation Method for Estimating the Dimensions of Patch Antennas using CMA

In this paper, a quick method for estimating the patch width is presented using CMA. The proposed method can be completed in four steps, based on the relationship between the patch width as the variable and different resonant frequencies, and has been validated using four substrates. This method is advantageous as it facilitates antenna designers in estimating the width of the radiator patch using only CMA without the effects of substrate and excitation. Basically, the generated formula enables the calculation of the actual patch width by simply substituting the width of the patch produced based on one of the CMA’s characteristic angle. This parameter which is originally used to find the natural resonant frequency of the structure makes the proposed method time- and resource-efficient. The set of obtained results have been validated to be realistic with satisfactory accuracy.
Gender Differences in the Association Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Diabetes

Objective This study aimed to explore the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and diabetes in a Chinese population based on a cross-sectional analysis of patient data from a large tertiary care hospital in China and analyses whether there are any gender differences in this association. Methods A total of 794 (615 men and 179 women) inpatients were involved in this study. Polysomnography (PSG) was used to diagnose OSA, and overnight PSG testing was performed on each subject included in this study. All study subjects were also diagnosed with whether they had diabetes by an endocrinologist in the hospital. Results After adjusting for sex, age, smoking status, alcohol consumption and body mass index (BMI) groups, the results showed that the number of apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) events was a risk factor for diabetes, with a 9% (95% CI: 1–17%) increase in the risk of diabetes per unit increase, while subjects with higher (per unit increase) lowest oxygen saturation value monitored during the subject’s sleep (LSaO2) with a 13% (95% CI: 4–22%) decrease in the risk of diabetes. Stratified analyses by gender, after adjustment, in men, OSA and its associated monitoring indicators were statistically significantly associated with diabetes [OR for severe OSA was 2.269 (95% CI: 1.164, 4.425), P=0.016, and OR for severe hypoxemia was 2.228 (95% CI: 1.145, 4.334), P=0.018], while not in women. Conclusion Our study found a significant association between OSA and diabetes in a Chinese clinical-based population as well as a dose–response relationship between the severity of AHI and severe hypoxemia (LSaO2 < 80%) and blood glucose, the association has gender difference and was only present significant association in men, which demonstrated that diabetes prevention and blood glucose screening and management should be enhanced for Chinese men with OSA.
Strategies for EELS Data Analysis. Introducing UMAP and HDBSCAN for Dimensionality Reduction and Clustering

Abstract Hierarchical density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (HDBSCAN) and uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP), two new state-of-the-art algorithms for clustering analysis, and dimensionality reduction, respectively, are proposed for the segmentation of core-loss electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) spectrum images. The performances of UMAP and HDBSCAN are systematically compared to the other clustering analysis approaches used in EELS in the literature using a known synthetic dataset. Better results are found for these new approaches. Furthermore, UMAP and HDBSCAN are showcased in a real experimental dataset from a core–shell nanoparticle of iron and manganese oxides, as well as the triple combination nonnegative matrix factorization–UMAP–HDBSCAN. The results obtained indicate how the complementary use of different combinations may be beneficial in a real-case scenario to attain a complete picture, as different algorithms highlight different aspects of the dataset studied.
Selecting Critical Business Processes: A Case Study

Organizations often struggle with assessing the impact their critical business processes makes on their overall competitiveness. Often, critical processes that perform at acceptable levels can be enhanced to improve the competitive advantage. We present a methodology to assist managers in determining not only a critical business process through comprehensive selection criteria, but also its impact on the vision of the firm. The methodology has been tested in several organizations. One firm's results are presented to explain the methodology.
Control of the transient behaviour of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell systems

Abstract The transient behaviour of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system following abrupt changes in the stack current is analysed using a non-linear dynamic, control-oriented computer model. Such changes in the stack current are associated with the abrupt changes in power demanded by a vehicle powered by the fuel cell system. The PEMFC system analysed consists of air and fuel supply subsystems, a perfect air/fuel humidifier, and a fuel cell stack, and is assumed to operate under a constant fuel cell temperature. The model is next used to develop a feedback control scheme to regulate the transient behaviour of the PEMFC system with respect to maintaining the necessary level of the oxygen partial pressure in the cathode following abrupt changes in the stack current demanded by the user. Maintaining the level of oxygen in the cathode is critical to prevent short circuit and membrane damage. The results obtained indicate that the oxygen level in the cathode can be successfully maintained using a feedback control of the air-compressor-motor voltage. However, the net power provided by the fuel cell system is compromised during the transients following abrupt changes in the stack current, suggesting a need for power management via a secondary power source, such as an electric battery.
Wavelet and neural structure: a new tool for diagnostic of power system disturbances

The Fourier transform can be used for the analysis of nonstationary signals, but the Fourier spectrum does not provide any time-domain information about the signal. When the time localization of the spectral components is needed, a wavelet transform giving the time-frequency representation of the signal must be used. In this paper, using wavelet analysis and neural systems as a new tool for the analysis of power system disturbances, disturbances are automatically detected, compacted and classified. An example showing the potential of these techniques for diagnosis of actual power system disturbances is presented.