Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies of Liquid/Vapor Interfaces of Aqueous NaCl, RbCl, and RbBr Solutions

Ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS) was used to explore ion behavior at liquid/vapor interfaces of aqueous NaCl, RbCl, and RbBr solutions. Interfacial depth profiles of ions were obtained from XPS spectra at a series of photoelectron kinetic energies. Depth profiles of the ratio of anion to cation show little difference among the solutions. Previously, these depth profiles were determined from the ratio of anion to cation signal-peak areas. However, using molecular dynamics simulations (MD), the individual anion and cation depth profiles are both observed to differ as a function of solution, but the differences are masked when only the anion-to-cation ratios are considered. Using the Cl–/Owater ratio determined from the XPS measurements, surface-enhanced concentrations of Cl– are observed in the NaCl solution, but not in the RbCl solution, in agreement with predictions from MD simulations. We also report studies of aqueous solutions of RbBr. In contrast to an aqueous RbCl solution, .
Validation of the FAMACHA© Eye Color Technique for Detecting Anemic Sheep and Goats in Jigjiga Zone of Somali Region, Eastern Ethiopia

Faffa Malan Chart (FAMACHA) is a practical on-farm system designed as selective deworming tool for Haemonchus contortus infection control. While system is becoming very popular it is not adopted in Ethiopia. Thus, the objective of this study was to validate FAMACHA in detecting clinical anemia in sheep and goats at field level. The study was conducted in Jigjiga zone of Somali Regional State, Ethiopia from December 2011 to April 2012 on sheep (n = 192) and goats (n = 192) of various age and sex. Highly significant correlation between eye color and fecal egg count (p = 0.001) for goats and sheep (p = 0.043) was observed. There was also highly significant association between eye color and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) in sheep (p = 0.00) and goats (p = 0.005). The sensitivity of FAMACHA in detecting anemic animals was 66% for sheep and 71.43% for goats using eye scores 4 and 5 were considered as anemic at PCV <24% for sheep and <20% for goats. The present study indicated that the application of FAMACHA system for treatment protocol was promising both in goats and sheep. Therefore, the technique should be introduced as integrated diagnostic tool at field level in Ethiopia.
Effects of NaCI and CaCl2 on Cell Enlargement and Cell

In many crop species, supplemental Ca2" alleviates the inhibition of growth typical of exposure to salt stress. In hydroponically grown cotton seedlings (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv Acala SJ-2), both length and weight of the primary root were enhanced by moderate salinities (25 to 100 millimolar NaCl) in the presence of 10 millimolar Ca2", but the roots became thinner. Anatomical analysis showed that the cortical cells of these roots were longer and narrower than those of the control plants, while cortical cells of roots grown at the same salinities but in the presence of only 0.4 millimolar Ca2" became shorter and more nearly isodiametrical. Cell volume, however, was not affected by salinities up to 200 millimolar NaCl at either 0.4 or 10 millimolar Ca2". Our observations suggest Ca2"-dependent effects of salinity on the cytoskeleton. The rate of cell production declined with increasing salinity at 0.4 millimolar Ca2" but at 10 millimolar Ca2" was not affected by salinities up to 150 millimolar NaCl.
Evaluation of Boswellia serrata enriched diet on cytokine gene
expression and reactive oxygen metabolites in weaning piglets

Weaning is a stressful period that impacts piglet health leading to decreased performance and sometimes mortality. In recent years, public and scientific interest in dietary plant extracts tremendously increased because of their biological benefits. We hypothesized that the extract of the Indian frankincense Boswellia serrata , especially known for its anti-inflammatory properties, could affect piglets in the postweaning period when inflammation plays a crucial role. Eighty weaned piglets (40 gilts and 40 barrows, initial average body weight 10.0 ± 0.43 kg) were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments: control (CON) or CON diet supplemented with 1 kg/t of B. serrata (BOSW). The trial lasted 28 days. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and the end of the trial. Skin lesions and thermal imaging were evaluated weekly. Growth performance, wellbeing parameters and gene expression levels of cytokines were not affected ( P > 0.05), except for a trend in lower gene expression of interleukin(IL)-10 in BOSW group ( P = 0.07). Time effect ( P < 0.01) was observed for gene expression of IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and sex effect ( P < 0.05) was noted for gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, showing higher values for male than female piglets. Time changes in reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) blood concentration (ΔROMs) tended to be slower in BOSW group than in CON group ( P = 0.056). These preliminary results indicate the need to investigate further doses and length of supplementation of B. serrata to verify the potential effects reported in other livestock species.
Nowcasting Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events using Principal Components Analysis (PCA)

Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events and their parent solar events (e.g. solar flares SFs and coronal mass ejections CMEs) are closely related. A wealth of statistical studies has indicated the dependence of the probability of occurrence of SEP events on the magnitude and the longitude of the SF, as well as the velocity and the width of the CME. However, most studies are limited to two dimensional correlations. In addition, similar coefficients are identified for the pair-wise correlation of the SEP peak intensity to both the SF magnitude and the CME speed. The situation is further complicated by the fact that the solar parameters are not independent. In this work, we perform a principal component analysis (PCA) on a set of six (6) solar variables (i.e. CME width and velocity, logarithm of the SF magnitude, SF longitude, duration and rise time), and we further apply logistic regression to infer the possible prediction of SEP events. In our analysis, we utilize 126 SEP events with complete solar information. Each SEP event is a vector in six dimensions (corresponding to the six solar variables used in this work). PCA transforms the input vectors into a set of orthogonal components. We applied logistic regression with a single categorical predictor, as well as, single or multiple explanatory variables. Furthermore, we validated our findings with the implementation of categorical scores (Probability of Detection POD, False Alarm Rate FAR). We present and interpret the obtained scores and we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the different implementations.
Tritium activity measurement of the primary loop coolant of HTR-10

This article introduces the tritium activity measurements of 10 MW high temperature gas-cooled reactor(HTR-10) in detail.The tritium collecting devices were well designed especially for HTR-10.The tritium in the sample gas from primary loop was collected for two times,and was made into liquid sample for liquid scintillation counting.Based on the measurement results,the total tritium activity in primary loop of HTR-10 is calculated.Comparing the measurement results with the theoretical calculation,it shows that the value of theoretical calculation is validated correct.The coated particles in the fuel element retain the radio-nuclides very well.While the tritium released to the environment conforms the design specifications and the national standards.
Multi‐angular spectral reflectance to characterize the particle size of surfaces of desert and cultivated soil

This research examines the distribution of bi‐conical reflectance of particulate surfaces with different particle sizes by multi‐angular reflectance. Two types of particulate samples (called desert and cultivated soil) were sieved to a particle size range of 0.15–0.9 mm. The reflectance factors were measured at 570 or 330 different viewing positions for each illumination angle (45° and 60°). The reflectance was strongly non‐Lambertian for all samples, but with markedly different patterns for the two types of particulate surface. Particle size was correlated with the bi‐conical reflectance factor (BCRF) and anisotropic reflectance factor (ARF), respectively. The results showed a strong relation between BCRF and particle size in all viewing directions, except for the backward scattering direction, with an average R2 value of 0.9. The use of ARF improved the relation with particle size more in the backward scattering direction in the principal plane than with BCRF (R2 = 0.7 for BCRF; R2 = 0.91 for ARF). However, the strong relation between the ARF and particle size was limited in the forward and backward scattering directions, with an average R2 value of 0.86. The results showed the considerable potential of multi‐angular reflectance for quantitative evaluation of the particle size of particulate surfaces. This approach appears to provide a promising empirical and theoretical basis for the future retrieval of soil particle size.
Substrate-Controlled Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of Boron-Substituted 1,4-Dienes via Copper-Catalyzed Boryl–Allylation of Alkynes with Allyl Phosphates and Bis(pinacolato)diboron

Boron-substituted 1,4-dienes are versatile building blocks for the synthesis of 1,4-dienes (skipped alkenes), a common motif in bioactive natural products, because of their utility in the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction and conjugate additions. A method for the synthesis of boron-substituted 1,4-dienes by means of copper-catalyzed boryl–allylation of alkynes with allyl phosphate and bis(pinacolato)diboron has been developed. The regioselectivity with respect to the alkyne and allyl phosphate depends on the structures of both the alkyne and the allyl phosphate. For alkynes bearing at least one aryl substituent, addition of borylcopper to the alkyne mainly generates a β-boryl-α-aryl-α-alkenylcopper species, whose subsequent reaction with secondary allyl phosphates provides γ-(4E)-selective boron-substituted 1,4-dienes, and with primary allyl phosphates provided α-selective boron-substituted 1,4-dienes. On the other hand, the α-boryl-α-aryl-β-alkenylcopper species formed as a minor intermediate from aryl al.
Correlation-driven framework based on graph convolutional network for clinical disease classification

With the increasing popularity of computer-aided technology applied in medicine, great achievements have been made in certain diseases. However, due to the similarity of clinical and histological features, the problem of disease classification has not been well resolved, especially the Crohn’s disease (CD) and intestinal tuberculosis (ITB). In this paper, a novel sample connection driven framework named RFG-GCN is presented to overcome this. Firstly, the RFG-GCN employs a random forest based graph generation algorithm (RFG) to convert structured data into graph data, which considers the correlation between samples. Under the training of two layer-wise graph convolution neural network, an efficient model is established. Our findings show that the classification performance has been significantly improved compared withother methods. Furthermore, to show the extensibility and consistency, we apply our framework to other four public medical datasets. The results indicate that the RFG-GCN framework can achieve competitive and better classification performance.
50. Development of Solid Self Micro Emulsifying Drug Delivery System with Neusilin US2 for Enhanced Dissolution Rate of Telmisartan

Aim of present study was to develop solid self micro emulsifying drug delivery system (S-SMEDDS) with Neusilin US2 for enhancement of dissolution rate of Telmisartan (TEL). SMEDDS was prepared using Oleic acid, Tween 80 and PEG 400 as oil, surfactant and cosurfactant respectively. For formulation of stable SMEDDS, micro emulsion region was identified by constructing pseudo ternary phase diagram containing different proportion of surfactant: co-surfactant (Km value 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1), oil and water. Prepared SMEDDS was evaluated for thermodynamic stability study, dispersibility tests, globule size and zeta potential. S-SMEDDS was prepared by adsorption technique using Neusilin US2 as solid carrier. Prepared S-SMEDDS was evaluated for flow properties, drug content, reconstitution properties, FTIR, SEM, DSC and in-vitro dissolution study. Results showed that prepared liquid SMEDDS passed dispersibility test with good thermodynamic stability. Globule size was found to be 30.2 nm with polydispersity index 0.116 and -5.80 mV zeta potential. S-SMEDDS showed good flow property and drug content. Reconstitution properties of S-SMEDDS showed spontaneous micro emulsification with globule size 32.4 nm and polydispersity index 0.219 and -6.32 mV zeta potential. Results of in-vitro dissolution showed that there was enhancement of dissolution rate of TEL as compared with that of plain TEL. From the results study concluded that, Neusilin US2 can be used to develop S-SMEDDS by adsorption technique to enhance dissolution rate of poorly water soluble drug such as TEL.
A Light Emitting Diode Based Simplified System for Rapid Grape Ripeness Monitoring

Introduction E stablishing ripeness at harvest is a crucial issue, since fruit quality is closely related to it. Non-destructive methods which could explore a large number of samples and give a rapid and comprehensive overview of ripening would be helpful. Grape ripeness monitoring in the orchard may provide valuable data to control wine quality. Ripening is a complex process during which biochemical changes occur at skin and pulp level. Routine measurements of ripening parameters, essential for both fruit and vegetables (e.g. soluble solids content, acidity, phenols, anthocyanins, firmness etc.) are needed to monitor these changes. Nowadays, the limited adoption of near infrared (NIR) technology by the viticulture sector can be attributed to cost, technical limitations, grower resistance and supplychain weakness. Research and innovation have enabled NIR devices to continually decrease their physical size while increasing the amount of collected data. Therefore, new NIR instrumentation tends to be more compact and portable. For this reason, to support small-scale producers, simplified, easy to use, low-cost systems for real-time assessment of fruit ripeness in the field are desirable. To reach this goal, considerable effort has recently been directed towards developing and evaluating different procedures for an objective identification of variables which contain useful information and for the elimination of variables containing mostly noise. The aim of this research was to design, build and test a prototype of a low-cost and user-friendly device to support smallscale growers in determining the optimal harvest date according to grape ripening degree. Specific objectives were (i) to identify the most significant wavelengths able to discriminate grapes ready to be harvested during the final ripening stages; (ii) to design a prototype of a simplified device using the selected wavelengths; and (iii) to test the prototype on Franciacorta grapes.
Secondary Interactions in Bromomethyl-substituted Benzenes: Crystal Structures of Three α,α′-Bis-bromoxylenes, 1,2,3,5-Tetrakis(bromomethyl)benzene, and 1,2,4,5-Tetrakis(bromomethyl)benzene

Abstract X-Ray structure determinations of all three isomers of bis(bromomethyl)benzene and of two isomeric tetrakis(bromomethyl)benzenes show that the packing of the molecules is determined principally by interactions of the bromomethyl groups (C-H· · ·Br and Br· · ·Br), except for ortho-bis (bromomethyl)benzene, in which C-H· · ·π interactions play a major role.
Single-Molecule Interfacial Electron Transfer Dynamics of Porphyrin on TiO2 Nanoparticles: Dissecting the Complex Electronic Coupling Dependent Dynamics

The photosensitized interfacial electron transfer (ET) dynamics of the zinc(II)–5,10,15,20-tetra(3-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (m-ZnTCPP)–TiO2 nanoparticle (NP) system has been studied using single-molecule photon-stamping spectroscopy. The single-molecule fluorescence intensity trajectories of m-ZnTCPP on TiO2 NP surface show fluctuations and blinking between bright and dark states, which are attributed to the variations in the reactivity of interfacial ET, i.e., intermittent interfacial electron transfer dynamics. Comparing the results with that from our earlier studied p-ZnTCPP–TiO2 nanoparticle system, we show the effect of anchoring group binding geometry (meta or para), hence electronic coupling of sensitizer (m-/p-ZnTCPP) and TiO2 substrate, on interfacial ET dynamics. Compared to p-ZnTCPP on TiO2 NP surface, with m-ZnTCPP, dark states are observed to dominate in single-molecule fluorescence intensity trajectories. This observation coupled with the large difference in lifetime derived from bright and d.
Photophysical Properties of Near-Infrared Phosphorescent π-Extended Platinum Porphyrins

A comprehensive photophysical study is reported on a family of π-extended platinum(II) porphyrin complexes. The platinum(II) complexes are synthesized from the corresponding free base porphyrins by treatment with platinum(II) acetate in hot benzonitrile, affording the complexes in considerably higher yield than by reaction with platinum(II) chloride. A quantitative study of the absorption and luminescence properties of the metalloporphyrins is presented. A series including tetraarylbenzo-, tetraarylnaphtho-, and tetraarylanthroporphyrin exhibits efficient phosphorescence at 773, 890, and 1020 nm in the near-infrared region, with quantum yields of 0.35, 0.15, and 0.08, respectively. The triplet lifetimes and phosphorescence yields decrease with increasing emission wavelength, consistent with energy gap law behavior. A set of six Pt-tetrabenzoporphyrins (TBPs) with different meso-substituents were examined. The Pt-TBPs exhibit efficient phosphorescence with λmax ∼ 770 nm and with a quantum yield ranging fro.
Insight into lattice thermal impedance via equilibrium molecular dynamics: case study on Al

Abstract Using results of equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation in conjunction with the Green–Kubo formalism, we present a general treatment of thermal impedance of a crystal lattice with a monatomic unit cell. The treatment is based on an analytical expression for the heat current autocorrelation function which reveals, in a monatomic lattice, an energy gap between the origin of the phonon states and the beginning of the energy spectrum of the so-called acoustic short-range phonon modes. Although, we consider here the f.c. c. Al model as a case example, the analytical expression is shown to be consistent for different models of elemental f.c. c. crystals over a wide temperature range. Furthermore, we predict a frequency ‘window’ where the thermal waves can be generated in a monatomic lattice by an external periodic temperature perturbation.
High-temperature high pressure cell for neutron-scattering studies

In this study, a simple high-temperature high pressure cell concept has been developed to enable neutron diffraction and quasi-elastic and inelastic neutron-scattering studies to be conducted on large-volume powder samples of ceramic proton conductors at pressures of up to 1 GPa and at temperatures of up to 770 K. Details of the cell are provided, along with the first experimental neutron diffractograms (at 0.62 GPa and 300 K), quasi-elastic neutron-scattering spectra (at 0.58 GPa and 770 K) and inelastic neutron spectra (at 0.75 GPa and 530 K) determined for samples of BaCe0.8Y0. 2O3.
Material Flow Analysis of Carbon Nanotube Lithium-Ion Batteries Used in Portable Computers

Engineered nanomaterials are finding application in a wide range of consumer electronics. In particular, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are candidate materials for use in enhancing the performance of lithium-ion battery anode and cathodes. However, past studies indicate that some toxicological effects exist for CNTs, although full evaluation may yet take time. Appraisals of material flows of potential products containing CNTs are useful for early recognition of environmental problems, for investment planning in production and waste management infrastructures, and for government policy formulation. This material flow analysis (MFA) study uses a stock dynamics and logistic model to forecast the technology transition from conventional Li-ion batteries in portable computers to CNT Li-ion batteries and the subsequent waste generation of CNTs in obsolete laptop batteries. State-specific recycling rates for electronic waste are projected to determine the quantities of CNTs in laptop batteries destined for recycling, in.
A practical synthesis of diethyl 1-[(alkylamino)(cyano)methyl]vinylphosphonates

A simple, convenient and highly stereoselective synthesis of diethyl (E) -1-(bromomethyl)-2- cyanovinylphosphonate 4 is described. The product would be a useful substrate for the synthesis of diethyl 1-[(alkylamino)(cyano)methyl]vinylphosphonates
Strangers in Their Own Land

In Strangers in Their Own Land, the renowned sociologist Arlie Hochschild embarks on a thought-provoking journey from her liberal hometown of Berkeley, California, deep into Louisiana bayou country - a stronghold of the conservative right. As she gets to know people who strongly oppose many of the ideas she famously champions, Hochschild nevertheless finds common ground and quickly warms to the people she meets, people whose concerns are actually ones that all Americans share: the desire for community, the embrace of family, and hopes for their children.
The Process of Developing Gelatinization and Saccharification with Variations in Temperature and Period of Glucose Sago Material

Initial temperature variations carried out for the gelatinization stage and sampling every six hours during the saccharification process, which lasted 72 hours. The liquefaction process using the α-amylase enzyme and then proceeds to the saccharification process with the glucoamylase enzyme. The raw material used is sago flour, which has relatively high starch content. The method in this research 1) Sample preparation; 2) Gelatinization Process; 3) Liquefaction Process; 4) Saccharification Process; 5) Reducing Sugar Analysis; 6) Sweetness Level Analysis; 7) Dextrose Equivalent Analysis; 8) Statistical Analysis. The result for analysis obtained the average value of reducing sugar at the use of 121 degrees Celsius gelatinization temperature is 108.33 g/L higher than the value of reducing sugar at the use of 87 degrees Celsius gelatinization temperature is 94.56 g/L. The analysis obtained the average value of sweetness level at the use of 121 degrees Celsius gelatinization temperature is 23.22 degrees Brix higher than the value of sweetness level at the use of 87 degrees Celsius gelatinization temperature is 20.82 degrees Brix. The analysis obtained the average value of dextrose equivalent at the use of 121 degrees Celsius gelatinization temperature is 54,17 percent higher than the value of dextrose equivalent at the use of 87 degrees Celsius gelatinization temperature is 47.28 percent. The high potential of glucose syrup made from sago expected to motivate the development of home industries that use glucose syrup in various food productions.