Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short-term effect of rice straw application on soil fertility and rice yield

The study was conducted at the experimental field of the Department of Soil Science of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh during July to November 2015 in transplanted aman (T. aman) season to evaluate the influence of rice straw application on growth and yield of rice (BINA dhan7) and soil fertility. The experimentation was established following a randomized complete block design (RCBD) using 3 treatments (T1= Inorganic fertilizer dose as per STB, T2= rice straw + inorganic fertilizer as IPNS basis and T3= Farmer’s practice). Results of the experiment showed that application of rice straw along with inorganic fertilizers as IPNS basis did not produce any significant (p<0.05) variation in yield and yield regulating parameters of T. aman rice but ensured higher filled grains panicle-1 (96.68), 1000- grain weight (23.23g), straw (6.97 t/ha) and grain yield (6.32 t/ha) as compared to other treatments. Short term addition of rice straw in soil did not create any significant influence on post harvest soil nutrient status except K which was found high. Significantly highest N contents in grain and straw were observed in straw added plots, which further contributed to higher nutrient uptake by grain and straw.
Integrative taxonomy of herbaceous plants with narrow fragmented distributions: A case study on Primula merrilliana species complex

An accurate understanding of species diversity is essential to studies across a wide range of biological subdisciplines. However, species delimitation remains challenging in evolutionary radiations, particularly in those herbaceous plants associated with microendemic, naturally fragmented distribution systems, where genotypic and phenotypic traits likely evolved discordantly. The Primula merrilliana complex, which is endemic to eastern China and has high horticultural value, used to be treated as one species but several clues suggested it might be composed of multiple species. Here we used multiple lines of evidence, including molecular, morphological, reproductive isolation, and geographic data, to assess independently evolving lineages within this complex. Our results indicated that the species diversity in the complex was underestimated previously, and four species (independently evolving lineages) can be recognized, including two new species described here. The extensive variation of the breeding system, especially the floral morph transition from distyled (outcrossing) to homostyled (selfing) multiple times, possibly promoted the rapid speciation within such a small geographic scale. This study case indicated that the phenomenon of genetically highly divergent but morphologically indistinguishable is perhaps shown in herbs with fragmented distributions; the alternative extreme evolutionary phenomenon, in which complete reproductive barriers have been accumulated but with little genetic differentiation, also exists. Thus we highlight the importance of incorporating other characters, such as postzygotic reproductive isolation and geographic data, with commonly used molecular and morphological traits to infer species boundaries through an integrative taxonomic approach in such systems.
Research on the Influence Mechanism of Career Insecurity on Individual Career Dynamics

Career insecurity is widespread in individual career development. Career insecurity has both positive and negative effects on individual career dynamics. It has practical value to explore the influence mechanism between career insecurity and individual career dynamics for both individual career development and organizational performance. Through sorting out the relevant literature, this paper proposes two hypotheses on the influence of career insecurity on individual career dynamics. The negative impact of career insecurity on individual career motivation is mainly reflected in the reduction of organizational commitment, organizational trust, job satisfaction, employee performance, work input, innovative behavior, etc.; the positive impact of job insecurity on individual career motivation is mainly reflected in a low level of career insecurity can lead to social inertia such as absenteeism and increased escapism. this research plans the research methods and steps, laying a foundation for the next empirical study.
Reconciling different methods of high‐latitude blocking detection

Blocking is associated with outbreaks of easterlies induced by a continuum of features including anticyclones, cyclones or both. Blocking identification methods disagree on the levels of high‐latitude blocking (HLB) activity. We investigate the cause of the disagreement in HLB activity over the Northern Hemisphere obtained by two 2D methods: the PV– θ index and the Absolute Geopotential Height (AGH) reversal method. Although both classify as absolute field methods, the former yields nearly twice the winter HLB activity of the latter method. We show that this discrepancy is caused by the addition of a poleward criterion in the AGH method that requires strong poleward westerlies. The additional criterion in the AGH method shifts the focus on the detection of blocking ridges and thus other blocking circulation patterns are under‐represented. Both methods agree on the climatology of midlatitude blocking because the poleward criterion has been tuned to capture the strong midlatitude blocking, but the discrepancy grows in high latitudes. HLBs are different because they occur on the northern flank of the westerlies and are associated with the equatorward displacement of the midlatitude jet. HLB anticyclones are weaker and do not induce strong poleward westerlies compared to their midlatitude counterparts. The implementation of a strict poleward criterion designed to identify midlatitude blocks rejects many HLBs. The use of the less strict cut‐off threshold (CT) of 0 m (°lat)−1 in the poleward criterion for latitudes higher than 60°N results in the convergence of climatology, interannual variability and trends of HLB between the two methods, especially during winter. The additional HLBs identified by the modified AGH algorithm develop from cyclonic wave breaking that is typical for oceanic blocking. The modified AGH method can be useful in detecting more robust HLB trends in climate model projections.
Ant‐hill heterogeneity and grassland management

1.Inmanygrasslands,someantsactasecologicalengineerstoproducelong-lastingsoil structures which have a considerable influence on the patterns and dynamics of plant, vertebrate and invertebrate species. They promote species richness and diversity. 2. The yellow meadow ant, Lasius flavus , is the most abundant allogenic ecological engineer in grazed European grasslands, producing vegetated long-lasting mounds. It is so frequent and abundant that it must be regarded as a keystone species. Grassland restoration projects frequently attempt to re-introduce grasslands on abandoned arable fields. Whenthis antdoes notcolonize naturally itshould beintroduced. Itprob-ably limits theabundance of grasses in a similar mannerto hemi-parasitic plant species. 3. Ant-hills make a distinctive contribution to grassland heterogeneity. Measurements on mounds in a single grassland over 45 years document the dynamics of the same 200 + ant-hills in volume, surface area and basal area. As the mounds aged, they increased in size and took over a higher proportion of the grassland surface. Occupied mounds continued to grow, abandoned mounds decreased in volume and some disappeared entirely. 4. Four plant species favoured by the soil heaped by the ants were also monitored. Two woody perennials grew up through heaped soil and two short-lived species col-onized its surface. As the mounds became occupied, some of these species significantly increased, and when they were abandoned some decreased. 5. In a grassland, the ant-hill population provides a fluctuating subset of plant and animal species which are characteristic of temporary habitats. This seems likely to reduce the rate of local extinctions which might otherwise result from fluctuations in grazing pressure. In conservation settings, ant-hills should be introduced or maintained where possible, and considered in planning grassland maintenance and management.
Micropropagation on multiplication of native greenberries in South of Brazil

Rubus brasiliensis and Rubus erythroclados are commonly known as greenberries. This work aimed to test in vitro micropropagation protocols to greenberries. The multiplication experiment was conducted using BAP at concentrations 1 mg L, 2 mg L and 3 mg L. The rooting experiment was carried out in 1⁄2 MS medium without the addition of hormones, using 0.1 mg L NAA or 1.0 mg L IBA. The highest rate of viability of explants was obtained with R. brasiliensis propagation using 1.0 mg L of BAP. Rooting explants showed survival rates higher than 85%. Rooting rates in R. erythroclados was 87% while in R. brasiliensis it was 38%, The highest rates were obtained using 1.0 mg L 1 IBA in R. erythroclados.The acclimatization reached survival rates of 75% when rooted using NAA and 1⁄2 MS and 86% when rooted with IBA. In vitro culture shows to be a viable method to propagate greenberries.
Mechanical integrity of PEEK bone plate in internal fixation of femur: experimental and finite element analysis towards performance measurement

Materials, including stainless steel and titanium, have been used in prosthetic plates. The issue, called stress shielding is associated with the use of metals plates caused by the mismatch of stiffness between tissue and prosthetic plate. Polymers with a stiffness close to the human bone could be a better solution for this issue. The research aims to investigate the effectiveness of poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) plate in stress transformation into the fractured bone and to conduct performance measurement between PEEK and steel. Uniaxial tensile test and fatigue tests are conducted to measure mechanical properties such as tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and fatigue strength. The measured mechanical properties are further used in finite element analysis to measure the stress transformation between plate and femur. The simulation results from fatigue analysis also reveals that PEEK plate is more desirable in terms of reducing stress shielding in the femur than that of stainless steel.
A Probabilistic Hybrid Model for Main Bearing Fatigue Considering Uncertainty in Grease Quality

A large portion of the legacy wind turbine fleet in operation passed the 10 years of service mark. Therefore, fatigue of critical components such as the main bearing has become a critical issue. Specific challenges in modeling main bearing fatigue for the legacy fleet include dealing with uncertainties such as model-form uncertainty (e.g., unknown quantitative effect of degrading grease in bearing fatigue), noisy output observations due to visual inspections, and uncertainty within input variables (e.g., in the reduced order model for bearing loads). Therefore, most successful modeling strategies rely on a combination of physics and machine learning. In this paper, we propose a hybrid model for main bearing fatigue damage accumulation that accounts for variation of grease parameters. In our hybrid framework, bearing fatigue damage portion consists of physics-informed reduced-order models widely used in bearing design; while the unknown grease degradation is represented with a simplified probabilistic data-driven model. In addition, we use a recurrent neural network to perform the integration of both bearing fatigue damage and grease degradation over time. Results showed that the bearing fatigue prognosis model can be successfully calibrated. Moreover, the model can be used to help optimizing wind park reliability by tracking bearing and grease damage at a turbine level. The source codes and links to the data can be found in the following GitHub repository https://github.com/PML-UCF/pinn_wind_bearing.
Sustainability Is All about Values: The Challenges of Considering Moral and Benefit Values in Business Model Decisions

Despite indications in the literature about the existence of win-win business opportunities regarding sustainability, most companies are still producing limited social and environmental results that are disconnected from their value propositions. Studies on the rationales underlying decisions regarding sustainability can offer a better understanding of this challenge. In particular, substantive rationality suggests that the decision-making process consider collective values for sustainability. This study investigates the following research question: What are the main challenges of making business decisions based on moral values of sustainable development? Using strategic decisions as a unit of analysis, action research in a start-up environment identified the following business challenges: (1) recognizing the limits of applying the moral values of sustainable development to the current business context dominated by maximization of economic and financial benefit values; (2) recognizing the normative nature of sustainability goals, which implies that moral values related to sustainable development are still external and not naturally occurring in people’s personal moral values; (3) addressing conflicts between moral and benefit values and between collective and individual goals when including substantive rationality in business decisions; (4) engaging business stakeholders according to their personal moral values, as people are value driven; and (5) engaging workers in sustainable development values, as they play a central role in enabling benefit value creation for sustainable development. The paper offers interesting insights into moral value and benefit value. The former is the basis for individual decisions, while the latter represents benefits created by business models. Both concepts have been separately investigated, but this research delimits and differentiates them. Future studies can further investigate decision rationalities to enable sustainability in practice, as this is usually a theoretical discussion. Research on other start-ups and more mature organizations can also provide interesting insights.
Tracing divergence in crisis governance: responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in France, Germany and Sweden compared

This cross-country comparison of administrative responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in France, Germany and Sweden is aimed at exploring how institutional contexts and administrative cultures have shaped strategies of problem-solving and governance modes during the pandemic, and to what extent the crisis has been used for opportunity management. The article shows that in France, the central government reacted determinedly and hierarchically, with tough containment measures. By contrast, the response in Germany was characterized by an initial bottom-up approach that gave way to remarkable federal unity in the further course of the crisis, followed again by a return to regional variance and local discretion. In Sweden, there was a continuation of ‘normal governance’ and a strategy of relying on voluntary compliance largely based on recommendations and less – as in Germany and France – on a strategy of imposing legally binding regulations. The comparative analysis also reveals that relevant stakeholders in all three countries have used the crisis as an opportunity for changes in the institutional settings and administrative procedures. Points for practitioners COVID-19 has shown that national political and administrative standard operating procedures in preparation for crises are, at best, partially helpful. Notwithstanding the fact that dealing with the unpredictable is a necessary part of crisis management, a need to further improve the institutional preparedness for pandemic crises in all three countries examined here has also become clear. This should be done particularly by way of shifting resources to the health and care sectors, strengthening the decentralized management of health emergencies, stocking and/or self-producing protection material, assessing the effects of crisis measures, and opening the scientific discourse to broader arenas of experts.
Molecular dynamics simulation of lithium fluoride in aqueous solutions at different temperatures 300 K – 360 K

Lithium metal is one of the most promising anodes for rechargeable batteries due to its large capacity, but its performance is plagued by high chemical reactivity, forming an unstable Li–electrolyte interface. Lithium fluoride has been recently touted as a promising material to improve this interface. Computer simulation of lithium in fluoride aqueous solution has an important tool in understanding the structural and dynamical characteristics of ionic complexes. In this investigation, the structural and dynamical properties of supersatured LiF systems have been studied by molecular dynamics simulations at different temperatures range from 300 K up to 360 K using SPC/E water model and the ions which are modeled as charged Lennard-Jones particles. The cartesian positions of each atom of lithium chloride aqueous solution are recorded at every time step of the trajectory. Therefore, the analysis of data requires to calculate the radial distribution functions (RDF) describing the structural and dynamical properties of the water and Li+ and F-ions, such as the coordination numbers, interparticle distances, self-diffusion coefficients and dielectric constants at various temperatures.
Very Low Sampling Frequency Model Predictive Control for Power Converters in the Medium and High-Power Range Applications

Several control strategies have been proposed with the aim to get a desired behavior in the power converter variables. The most employed control techniques are linear control, nonlinear control based on linear and nonlinear feedback, and predictive control. The controllers associated with linear and nonlinear algorithms usually have a fixed switching frequency, featuring a defined spectrum given by the pulse width modulation (PWM) or space vector modulation (SVM) time period. On the other hand, finite set model predictive control (FS-MPC) is known to present a variable switching frequency that results too high for high power applications, increasing losses, reducing the switches lifetime and, therefore, limiting its application. This paper proposes a predictive control approach using a very low sampling frequency, allowing the use of predictive control in high power applications. The proposed method is straightforward to understand, is simple to implement, and can be computed with off-the-shelf digital systems. The main advantage of the proposed control algorithm comes from the combination of the model predictive control and the SVM technique, drawing the principal benefits of both methods. The provided experimental results are satisfactory, displaying the nature of space vector-based schemes but at the same time the fast response as expected in predictive control.
Generation of single-cycle terahertz pulse using Cherenkov phase matching with 4-dimethylamino-N′-methyl-4′-stilbazolium tosylate crystal

This is the first report of single-cycle terahertz (THz)-wave pulse generation with a wide band (over 6 THz) and a high dynamic range (over 70 dB) using an organic nonlinear optical crystal, 4-dimethylamino-N′-methyl-4′-stilbazolium tosylate (DAST), and the prism-coupled Cherenkov phase-matching method. The prism-coupled approach allowed the use of a DAST crystal as a Cherenkov-type emitter for reduced light absorption by the crystal, resulting in the generation of single- and half-cycle THz pulse shapes, which were detected using dipole and bow-tie antennas, respectively. The resulting THz pulse generation is suitable for various THz-wave application technologies, such as tomography.
Explainable machine learning for the analysis of transport phenomena in top-seeded solution growth of SiC single crystal

Silicon carbide (SiC) is a power semiconductor used to supply and control the electric power source. Top-Seeded Solution Growth (TSSG) method is a promising technique for producing high-quality SiC single crystals. In order to achieve a highand uniform-growth rate in this growth technique, however, the complex fluid flow developing in the growth melt/solution, mainly induced by the electromagnetic field of the induction-heating coils, free surface tension gradient, and buoyancy, must be well-controlled. Our previous studies have shown that the applications of a static magnetic field and seed rotation are effective in controlling the components of this melt flow and the associated control parameters were optimized effectively using the Bayesian optimization. In this study, we analyze the optimal state determined by the Bayesian optimization in more detail and it is found that the separation of the Marangoni flow near the seed edge leads to a non-uniform growth rate. In addition, the most sensitive region of the melt flow is determined by using an explainable machine learning technique based on a convolutional neural network and the sensitivity map obtained by SmoothGrad. This machine learning technique automatically predicts the preferred melt flow pattern that would lead to high-quality crystal growth. The interpretations by the explainable machine learning technique used in the present study are consistent with those of previous studies carried out on the optimization of the TSSG method.
Site-specific modification and segmental isotope labelling of HMGN1 reveals long-range conformational perturbations caused by posttranslational modifications

Interactions between histones, which package DNA in eukaryotes, and nuclear proteins such as the high mobility group nucleosome-binding protein HMGN1 are important for regulating access to DNA. HMGN1 is a highly charged and intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) that is modified at several sites by posttranslational modifications (PTMs) – acetylation, phosphorylation and ADP-ribosylation. These PTMs are thought to affect cellular localisation of HMGN1 and its ability to bind nucleosomes; however, little is known about how these PTMs regulate the structure and function of HMGN1 at a molecular level. Here, we combine the chemical biology tools of protein semi-synthesis and site-specific modification to generate a series of unique HMGN1 variants bearing precise PTMs at their N- or C-termini with segmental isotope labelling for NMR spectroscopy. With access to these precisely-defined variants, we show that PTMs in both the N- and C-termini cause changes in the chemical shifts and conformational populations in regions distant from the PTM sites; up to 50–60 residues upstream of the PTM site. The PTMs investigated had only minor effects on binding of HMGN1 to nucleosome core particles, suggesting that they have other regulatory roles. This study demonstrates the power of combining protein semi-synthesis for introduction of site-specific PTMs with segmental isotope labelling for structural biology, allowing us to understand the role of PTMs with atomic precision, from both structural and functional perspectives.
Does Prospect Theory Explain Investment Decisions: A Comparative Study

The aim of the study is to analyze and compare risk behaviors of different experimental groups on investment decisions by utilizing prospect theory. In this context, investment scenarios standardized by Sullivan (1997) are conducted on corporate managers and undergraduate students through the interviews. The results of the study state that both managers and students exhibited a greater tendency towards risk avoidance on profit conditioned scenarios, and they exhibited risk taking behavior, particularly when they dealt with clear financial losses, supporting the assumptions of prospect theory. However, managers exhibit greater risk taking behavior when both groups take risk, and they also exhibit greater risk avoidance behavior when both groups avoid risk, comparing to students. Furthermore, the differences of confidence level between groups indicate that managers are always more confident in contrast to students regardless of taking or avoiding risk.