Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emotional Recognition in Patients With Mesial Temporal Epilepsy Associated With Enlarged Amygdala

Background: Amygdalae play a central role in emotional processing by interconnecting frontal cortex and other brain structures. Unilateral amygdala enlargement (AE) is associated with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). In a relatively large sample of patients with mTLE and AE, we aimed to evaluate functional integration of AE in emotion processing and to determine possible associations between fMRI activation patterns in amygdala and deficits in emotion recognition as assessed by neuropsychological testing. Methods: Twenty-two patients with drug resistant unilateral mTLE due to ipsilateral AE were prospectively recruited in a large epilepsy unit and compared with 17 healthy control subjects in terms of amygdala volume, fMRI activation patterns and performance in emotion recognition as assessed by comprehensive affect testing system (CATS) and Ekman faces. All patients underwent structural and functional 1.5 Tesla MRI, electro-clinical assessment and neuropsychological testing. Results: We observed BOLD signal ipsilateral to AE (n = 7; group PAT1); contralateral to AE (n = 6; group PAT2) and no activation (n = 9; group PAT3). In the region of interest (ROI) analysis, beta estimates for fearful face > landscape contrast in the left amygdala region did not differ significantly in patients with left TLE vs. patients with right TLE [T(16) = −1.481; p = 0.158]. However, beta estimates for fearful face > landscape contrast in the right amygdala region were significantly reduced in patients with right TLE vs. patients with left TLE [T(16) = −2,922; p = 0.010]. Patients showed significantly lower total scores in CATS and Ekman faces compared to healthy controls. Conclusion: In our cohort, patients with unilateral mesial TLE and ipsilateral AE, an amygdala could display either functional integration in emotion recognition or dysfunction as demonstrated by fMRI. Perception and recognition of emotions were impaired more in right-sided mTLE as compared to left-sided mTLE. Neuropsychological tests showed deficits in emotion recognition in patients as compared to healthy controls.
Attitude and Islamic banking adoption: moderating effects of pricing of conventional bank products and social influence

Purpose The purpose of this study is to establish the relationship between attitude and the intention to adopt Islamic banking in a Christian-dominated country and whether such a relationship is moderated and boosted by pricing of conventional bank products and social influence. Design/methodology/approach This study adopts a cross-sectional and correlational design as data were collected between July and September 2019. Data were collected using a questionnaire from a sample of 384 adult individuals with bank accounts in conventional commercial banks from which 300 responded, indicating a response rate of 78%. Findings The findings of this study indicate that attitude is significantly associated with the intention to adopt Islamic banking. This relationship is moderated and boosted by the pricing of conventional bank products and social influence. The interaction of pricing of conventional bank products with attitude is positive and significantly influence the intention to adopt Islamic banking. The interaction of attitude and social influence is significant but negatively related with the intention to adopt Islamic banking. Research limitations/implications This study uses quantitative data which sometimes misses certain information and limits the respondent’s opinions on the study variables. A mixed method research needs to be conducted on pricing of conventional bank products, social influence, attitude and adoption of Islamic banking to gather the respondent’s opinions on the variables. Practical implications IB being an alternative source of financing of business in most parts of the world, existing bank customers, international funding agencies and religious leaders could mount pressure on government to speed up the licensing of institutions interested in offering Islamic banking services. Social implications Uganda being a secular state and having finalized Islamic banking laws in early 2018, it is surprising that there is no bank that has so far started offering Islamic banking products. Originality/value This study provides an initial empirical evidence from a Christian-dominated country on the moderating effect of pricing of conventional bank products and social influence in the relationship between attitude and intention to adopt Islamic banking.
Exploitation on Simulation Software for Digital Distance Protection

The components and logic of digital protection are mainly realized by programming, it makes the protection device difficult to understand for users and it is also difficult to analyze the reason of maloperation and misoperation of the protection. The authors develop a simulation software for digital distance protection that can simulate the microcomputer based distance protection in the level of algorithm. This software can distinctly show the internal operating characteristcs of distance protection by visualized measures and can offer powerful tool for professional analysis during the application process of the protection device. The authors overall consider the features to realize this software and make full use of Object Oriented Programming design method that is available for reference to the development of simulation software for other digital protection devices.
NO rapidly mobilizes cellular heme to trigger assembly of its own receptor

Significance Nitric oxide (NO) performs many biological functions, but how it operates at the molecular and cellular levels is not fully understood. We discovered that cell NO generation at physiologic levels triggers a rapid redeployment of intracellular heme, an iron-containing cofactor, and we show that this drives the assembly of the natural NO receptor protein, soluble guanylyl cyclase, which is needed for NO to perform its biological signaling functions. Our study uncovers a way that NO can shape biological signaling processes and a way that cells may use NO to control their hemeprotein activities through deployment of the heme cofactor. These concepts broaden our understanding of NO function in biology and medicine. Nitric oxide (NO) signaling in biology relies on its activating cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) production by the NO receptor soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). sGC must obtain heme and form a heterodimer to become functional, but paradoxically often exists as an immature heme-free form in cells and tissues. Based on our previous finding that NO can drive sGC maturation, we investigated its basis by utilizing a fluorescent sGC construct whose heme level can be monitored in living cells. We found that NO generated at physiologic levels quickly triggered cells to mobilize heme to immature sGC. This occurred when NO was generated within cells or by neighboring cells, began within seconds of NO exposure, and led cells to construct sGC heterodimers and thus increase their active sGC level by several-fold. The NO-triggered heme deployment involved cellular glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)–heme complexes and required the chaperone hsp90, and the newly formed sGC heterodimers remained functional long after NO generation had ceased. We conclude that NO at physiologic levels triggers assembly of its own receptor by causing a rapid deployment of cellular heme. Redirecting cellular heme in response to NO is a way for cells and tissues to modulate their cGMP signaling and to more generally tune their hemeprotein activities wherever NO biosynthesis takes place.
Risk Factors Associated with Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Despite Tanzania's efforts and substantial progress in PMTCT, about 11% new infections were recorded among Tanzanian children in 2019 (UNAIDS 2020a). The objective of this study was to determine the rate of HIV transmission and to identify its risk factors among HIV exposed infants born to HIV-positive mothers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A cross-sectional study was conducted using retrospective data collected from HIV-positive mothers and their exposed babies who were followed and registered in health facilities in four administrative districts (Ilala, Temeke, Kinondoni, and Ubungo) in Dar es Salaam between January 2016 and December 2019. To identify risk factors for MTCT, univariate and multivariate Cox Proportional hazard regression analyses were employed. Out of 18705 registered children exposed to HIV, 586 (3.1%) were positive during the study period, while 18119 (96.9%) were negative. In this study, the following factors were increasing the risks of MTCT of HIV infections, not receiving ARV prophylaxis right at birth (aHR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.75–3.26, P < 0.001), unsuppressed maternal viral load (aHR = 6.26, 95% CI: 4.91–7.97, P < 0.001), WHO clinical stage 3–4 (aHR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.44–2.23, P < 0.001), and mixed feeding (aHR = 4.09, 95% CI: 1.80–9.31, P < 0.001). The factors maternal age group 25–34 years (aHR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.29–0.75, P < 0.001), being married/cohabiting (aHR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.23–0.95, P = 0.036), duration on ART for > 12 months (aHR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.45–0.67, P < 0.001), dried blood spot (DBS) tested at 6 weeks (aHR = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.04–0.18, P < 0.001), and exclusive replacement feeding (ERF) (aHR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.17–0.60, P < 0.001) decreased the risk of MTCT of HIV infections. These findings indicated that further work is required to scale up PMTCT approaches to concentrate on viral load suppression, taking ARV prophylaxis immediately at birth, and EBF practice in the first 6 months of life. Keywords: HIV, PMTCT, risk factors, mother-to-child transmission (MTCT).
Hemispheric involvement in the comprehension of conventional metaphors in Arabic–Hebrew speakers

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: Previous studies in pairs of typologically distant languages showed that hemispheric processing of metaphoric expressions differs in a native versus second language. The current research explored this finding in a pair of typologically close languages, Arabic and Hebrew. Design/methodology/approach: Forty-six Arabic native speakers who were proficient in Hebrew (second language; 30 women, aged 19–28) participated in a divided visual field (DVF) experiment. They were presented with conventional metaphors, literal expressions, and unrelated word pairs and asked to indicate whether the word pairs formed a meaningful expression. Participants were tested in spoken Arabic, literary Arabic, and Hebrew in separate blocks. Data and analysis: Mean reaction times and accuracy were analyzed using repeated-measures three-way analysis of variance, with language, visual field, and expression type as independent variables. Findings/conclusions: In contrast to previously reported findings, a left-hemisphere advantage or a bilateral pattern of processing was observed for conventional metaphors in both varieties of Arabic and in Hebrew, suggesting similar hemispheric processing in native and second language. Originality: Metaphor processing is examined in a pair of typologically close languages. Significance/implications: Our findings (in a pair of typologically close languages) differ from those previously reported in pairs of less similar languages, suggesting a modulatory role of language similarity in hemispheric processing of second-language metaphors.
The Consequences of Diversifying the US District Courts: Race, Gender, and Ideological Alignment through Judicial Appointments

Abstract The American judiciary has seen a significant rise in diversity with active efforts by presidents to confirm women and racial minorities to the bench, yet a lack of representation remains an issue. While most of the scholarship on the influx of jurists from diverse backgrounds is centered on identifying differences in judicial decision making, we empirically test the impact of racial and gender diversification on the ability of selectors to influence case outcomes by nominating ideologically-aligned judges. Does the selection of judges from underrepresented backgrounds affect the ability of the elected branches to align their ideological preferences on the federal bench? We argue that differences in uncertainty, network integration, and ideological availability within the candidate pool can make it more difficult for selectors to predict the ideological preferences of racial minorities; therefore, their decisions on the bench are less aligned with their selectors’ preferences. Using case outcomes on the federal district courts (1985–2012), we find that decisions adopted by White judges tend to closely align with the ideological preferences of their selectors regardless of their gender; however, the ideology of selectors has no relationship with decisions adopted by most jurists of color, with the exception of Latinas and Asian-Americans. Our results show that diversifying the bench has an ideological cost for the political actors involved in the appointment of district court judges. Weak links between the ideology of the selectors and the behavior of the judges mean lower judicial deference to political actors, and to that extent, the judiciary may become more independent of ongoing ideological battles in American politics.
Observations of Mars-crossing asteroids with 1-m telescope of Simeiz Observatory of INASAN

С 2010 г. на 1-м телескопе в Симеизе проводятся многоцветные наблюдения астероидов, сближающихся с орбитой Земли (АСЗ). Не всегда, по условиям наблюдений, возможно исследовать АСЗ достаточной яркости для получения качественных наблюдений, особенно при многоцветной фотометрии, когда отклик камеры при использовании отдельных фильтров слишком слаб для получения достоверной информации. При отсутствии подходящих объектов из группы АСЗ мы выбирали объекты исследования из близкой группы к АСЗ группы марс-кроссеров. Эти астероиды в ряде случаев также могут или пересекать орбиту Земли или находиться достаточно близко. Причем в процессе эволюции орбит АСЗ и марс-кроссеров могут менять принадлежность к родственному семейству. Также очень интересна возможность исследовать таксономию марс-кроссеров в сравнении с АСЗ и характеристики собственного вращения, наряду с эволюцией их орбит. Мы представляем результаты наблюдений трех марс-кроссеров, наблюдавшихся на 1-м телескопе в Симеизе, и анализ полученных данных по периодам вращения и характерным особенностям изменения блеска и таксономии. Since 2010, multicolour observations of approaching Earth’s orbit (NEA) asteroids have been carried out at the 1-m telescope in Simeiz. Not always, according to the observation conditions, it is possible to study the NEA of sufficient brightness to obtain high-quality observations, especially in multicolour photometry, when the camera response when using separate filters is too weak to obtain reliable information. In the absence of suitable objects from the NEA group, we selected objects of study from a group close to the NEA of the Mars crossover group. In some cases, these asteroids can also either cross the Earth’s orbit or be close enough. Moreover, in the process of evolution of the orbits of NEAs and Mars-crossers, they can change belonging to a related family. Also very interesting is the opportunity to study the taxonomy of Mars crossers in comparison with the NEA and the characteristics of their own rotation, along with the evolution of their orbits. We present the results of observations of three Mars crossers observed with the 1-m telescope in Simeiz and an analysis of the data obtained on the rotation periods and characteristic features of the change in brightness and taxonomy.
A Multidisciplinary Investigation into the Talent Development Processes in an English Premiership Rugby Union Academy: A Preliminary Study through an Ecological Lens

(1) Background: The progression of youth rugby union (RU) players towards senior professional levels can be the result of various different constraints. The aim of this study was to examine characteristics that differentiated playing positions and player rankings in an English Premiership RU academy. (2) Methods: Thirty players (mean age = 18.5 ± 2.8 years) were divided by playing positions (forwards = 18, backs = 12) and ranked (one to thirty) by coaches based on their potential to achieve senior professional status. Players were analysed across 32 characteristics from eight overreaching factors based on task, environmental, and performer constraints. MANOVA and ANOVA were used to calculate differences among variables in players’ positions (i.e., forwards vs. backs) and ranks (i.e., top 10 vs. bottom 10), with a Welch’s t-test applied to identify individual differences amongst groups and effect sizes calculated. (3) Results: Large effect sizes were found between groups for socioeconomic, sport activity, anthropometric, physical, and psychological factors. Moreover, environmental and performer constraints differentiated playing positions, whereas task and environmental constraints discriminated player ranks. (4) Conclusion: Present findings showed that playing positions and player ranks can be distinguished according to specific constraints.
Development of Sedative Dexmedetomidine Sublingual In Situ Gels: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations

Intravenous dexmedetomidine (DEX) is currently approved by the FDA for the sedation of intubated patients in intensive care units to reduce anxiety and to augment postoperative analgesia. Bradycardia and hypotension are limitations associated with the intravenous administration of DEX. In this study, DEX sublingual in situ gels were developed and assessed for their pH, gelling capacity, viscosity, mucoadhesion and in vitro drug release. The optimized gelling system demonstrated enhanced mucoadhesion, superior gelling capacity, reasonable pH and optimal rheological profile. In vivo, compared to the oral solution, the optimal sublingual gel resulted in a significant higher rate and extent of bioavailability. Although the in situ gel had comparable plasma levels to those observed following intravenous administration, significant amelioration of the systemic adverse reactions were attained. As demonstrated by the hot plate method, a sustained duration of analgesia in rats was observed after sublingual administration of DEX gel compared to the intravenously administered DEX solution. Furthermore, no changes in systolic blood pressure and heart rate were recorded in rats and rabbits, respectively, after sublingual administration of DEX. Sublingual administration of DEX in situ gel provides a promising approach for analgesia and sedation, while circumventing the reported adverse reactions associated with intravenous administration of DEX.
Organic molecular dynamics and charge-carrier lifetime in lead iodide perovskite MAPbI3

Significance Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) are among the most promising materials for next-generation solar cells that combine high efficiency and low cost. The record efficiency of HOIP-based solar cells has reached above 25%, and they can be manufactured using simple solution-processing methods that can be drastically cheaper than the current commercial solar cell technologies. Despite the progress so far, the microscopic mechanism for the high solar cell efficiency in HOIPs is yet to be understood. In this study, we show that the ability of organic molecules to rotate on an appropriate time scale in HOIPs can extend the lifetime of photoexcited charge carriers and lead to higher efficiency. This insight can guide the progress toward improved solar cell performance. The long charge carrier lifetime of the hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) is the key for their remarkable performance as a solar cell material. The microscopic mechanism for the long lifetime is still in debate. Here, by using a muon spin relaxation technique that probes the fluctuation of local magnetic fields, we show that the muon depolarization rate (Δ) of a prototype HOIP methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) shows a sharp decrease with increasing temperature in two steps above 120 K and 190 K across the structural transition from orthorhombic to tetragonal structure at 162 K. Our analysis shows that the reduction of Δ is quantitatively in agreement with the expected behavior due to the rapid development of methyl ammonium (MA) jumping rotation around the C3 and C4 symmetry axes. Our results provide direct evidence for the intimate relation between the rotation of the electric dipoles of MA molecules and the charge carrier lifetime in HOIPs.
Development and Validation of The Cognitive Attentional Syndrome Scale 1 Revised – Japanese Version

Background: The Cognitive Attentional Syndrome Scale 1 Revised (CAS-1R) is a 10-item self-report measure designed to assess dysfunctional metacognition, which is a transdiagnostic predictor of psychological disorders. Dysfunctional metacognition can be broadly classified into “cognitive attentional syndrome” and “metacognitive beliefs. ” In the present study, the CAS-1R was translated into Japanese, and the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the CAS-1R (CAS-1R-J) were examined in a Japanese community sample. Methods: We recruited 552 Japanese residents via the Internet and received responses from 552 individuals for Time 1 (275 men and 277 women, M age = 39.81, SD = 11.06) and 112 individuals for Time 2. Of these, the data of 87 individuals (46 men and 41 women, M age = 40.31, SD = 10.62) were used to examine test-retest reliability.Results: The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the factor structure (three-factor model) of the CAS-1R-J was appropriate for the data. Each of the subscales of the CAS-1R-J showed good internal consistency. In addition, there was a theoretical relationship between the CAS-1R-J and Metacognition Questionnaire-30, Penn State Worry Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Scale. Furthermore, the results of the hierarchical logistic regression analysis showed that the CAS-1R-J has discriminant and incremental validity for clinical symptoms. Conclusions: These results indicate that the CAS-1R-J is a valid instrument for assessing state cognitive attentional syndrome and metacognitive beliefs in Japanese individuals.
A numerical study of the influence of synoptic flow on coastal meso-scale circulations on the East and West Coasts of India

The effect of synoptic flow on the coastal boundary layer and land sea breeze circulation on the west and east coasts has been investigated by a numerical simulation using PSU/NCAR-MM5 mesoscale model. A study on 24th May 2003 during ARMEX observation period shows occurrence of land-sea breeze circulation and formation of thermal internal boundary layer (TIBL) on both the coastal regions in the daytime but of some differences. An early development and accelerated propagation of sea breeze circulation is noticed on the west coast compared to the east coast under the influence of the prevailing southwesterly flow. The strength of the sea breeze is more on the west coast. The mixing heights during daytime in the coastal regions are reduced by the formation of TIBL. The horizontal extent of TIBL is very less (24 km) on the west coast under the complex topographic effect. The sea breeze frontal activity is more intensive on the east coast with vertical velocity of the order of 2-4 m/sec by the retarding influence of southwesterly synoptic flow.