Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dealing with Limited Amounts of Data

The process of collecting and labeling data can be resource intensive, so the amount of data available to the neural-network designer to develop a neural network is often limited. Furthermore, properly training and testing a neural network requires splitting the data into a training, a validation, and a test set, which further reduces the amount of data. Several statistical techniques have been developed for dealing with limited amounts of data. These techniques involve multiple resamplings of the data into a series of sets. The neural-network designer can also use these techniques to judge the performance of neural networks with limited data. Statisticians originated these techniques for use with statistical estimation and classification, but they are applicable to neural networks. In statistics, they are used to estimate the model's generalization error and to choose its structure [Weiss, 1991; Efron, 1993; Hjorth, 1994; Plutowski, 1994; Shao, 1995]. This is true as well for neural networks. With neural networks, the designer can use these techniques to choose the network architecture, the number of hidden neurons, the salient inputs, training parameters, etc. They can also be used to evaluate the neural network's general performance. A-fold cross-validation, leave-one-out cross-validation, jack-knife resampling, and bootstrap resampling are the most common techniques used with neural networks to deal with limited data. When large amounts of data are available and the data are representative of the entire population, then these techniques are generally not needed.
Broadband 240-GHz Radar for Non-Destructive Testing of Composite Materials

A broadband frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar that operates at a center frequency of 240 GHz is being presented. The main focus of this paper is on the monolithic integration of the millimeter wave transceiver front end circuit and its validation at the wafer level, module level, and system level. The transceiver front end chip was developed using a 35-nm InAlAs/InGaAs-based metamorphic high electron mobility transistor technology with an advanced back-end-of-line (BEOL) process. The key functional building blocks were developed as part of a broadband integrated circuit library for millimeter wave, and THz phased array applications. The transmit path (TX) of the transceiver has a 3-dB defined bandwidth of 60 GHz, and output power of 8 dBm was measured at the chip level and 6 dBm at the waveguide module level, respectively. The receive path (RX) exhibited a conversion gain of 10 dB and an average noise figure (NF) of 7 dB, which were measured over a 3-dB defined bandwidth of 40 GHz, or a 10-dB defined bandwidth of 60 GHz. The flatness of the TX and RX was 1 dB for the transmit power and NF between 220 and 260 GHz. The radar was evaluated for its application in nondestructive tomographic imaging of multilayer glass fiber-reinforced materials. A focusing scanning system was used to determine the characteristic features of material samples at different bandwidths up to 65 GHz.
A Dynamically Reconfigurable VLIW Processor and Cache Design with Precise Trap and Debug Support

This thesis describes the design and implementation of a VLIW processor and associated caches based on the ρ-VEX concept. An ρ-VEX processor must be dynamically (runtime) reconfigurable to behave as a single large processor, two medium-sized processors, or four small processors. This allows a scheduler to optimize for energy and/or performance based on runtime information. The key challenge lies in translating this concept into actual working hardware. Note that reconfiguration must happen quickly for the increase in performance to outweigh the reconfiguration overhead. To accomplish this goal, a new processor and corresponding cache organization had to be developed, verified, and debugged. The dynamic reconfiguration concept used in the ρ-VEX processor is unique and, therefore, the following key components had to be designed: (1) a dynamic instruction cache that can service a single processor or multiple processors depending on the core configuration, (2) a dynamic data cache with coherency since we are dealing with multiple cores, (3) a reconfiguration control unit that synchronizes running threads before reallocating the computational and cache resources, and (4) a mechanism that allows state restoration after handling a trap. State restoration must be possible even if the configuration changed while the trap was being handled. This is an issue, because it is possible for a trap to interrupt a thread in intermediate states that would not normally occur in wider configurations. Reconfiguration takes only six clock cycles if there are no stalls from the memory subsystem, so overhead should be negligible. On top of the base design of the dynamic ρ-VEX processor, the following features were implemented: (1) variable-length instruction support to decrease instruction cache pressure, (2) a debugging peripheral and accompanying tools, and (3) a trace unit for offline debugging and cache performance logging. Furthermore, many parameters of the processor can be selected at design-time using generics, such as the issue width, the degree of reconfigurability, and the layout and availability of the computational resources. Additionally, the pipeline configuration, instruction set encoding, and control register functionality can be configured using a VHDL code generator. This work is intended to enable future research and development in dynamic processor design. It has already proven its value, as three MSc projects used the current design as a starting point, and four conference papers were published with results generated based on the current design. Finally, the processor will also serve as the basis for an ASIC design that is intended to be used in robotics and space applications.
Multibeam data processing for 3D object shape reconstruction

The technology of hydroacoustic scanning offers an efficient and widely-used source of geospatial information regarding underwater environments, providing measurement data which usually have the structure of irregular groups of points known as point clouds. Since this data model has known disadvantages, a different form of representation based on representing surfaces with simple geometric structures, such as edges and facets, is preferred for data featuring seabed surface relief and various underwater objects. In this paper, the authors propose a multiple-step approach to three-dimensional surface reconstruction from multibeam sonar measurements, relying on the proper application of various algorithms for noise reduction, data rasterization and classification. The results obtained by combining several different surface reconstruction algorithms with the proposed data processing technique were tested, and the strengths and weaknesses of each method were highlighted.
The involvement of leptin, MAP kinase- and CDC2 kinase-dependent intracellular mechanisms in the control of hormone release by chicken ovarian granulosa cells

The aim of our in-vitro experiments was to examine, whether the metabolic hormone leptin, mitogen activated kinase (MAPk) and cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDk) can control secretory functions of avian ovarian cells and to outline, whether MAPk and CDk can be potential intracellular mediators of leptin effects. Granulosa cells isolated from chicken ovaries were cultured with leptin (0, 1, 10, 100, 1.000 or 10.000 ng/ml medium) in the presence or absence of MAPk blocker PD98059 and CDk blocker olomoucine. The release of hormones (arginine-vasotocin, AVT, estradiol, E2 and progesterone, P4 ) was evaluated by EiA and RiA. It was found that leptin inhibited release of AVT but stimulated E2 and P4 output. MAPk blocker, when given alone, reduced AVT release, but promoted secretion of E2 and P4. Moreover, it prevented leptin action on P4, inverted leptin effect on E2, but did not affect a pattern of leptin action on AVT. CDk blocker, when given alone, inhibited AVT and E2 release, but stimulated P4 output. Moreover, CDk blocker prevented or inverted leptin action on the release of all hormones studied. Present observations Present observations demonstrate that leptin, MAPk and CDk are involved in the control of chicken ovarian secretory activity (release of steroid and nonapeptide hormone), and leptin can affect ovarian hormones through MAPk- and CDk-dependent intracellular mechanisms.
Real-time Cycle-slip Detection for Quality Control of GPS Measurements

Based on the conventional theories of cycle-slip detection,a method is developed to detect cycle slips in real time for quality control.The method utilizes two linear combinations,the Geometry-free and Melbourne-Wubbena combinations.The characteristics of the two combinations are analyzed and the filer techniques are used to deal with the time series of combination observations.Real-time simulation tests are implemented using both vehicle kinematic data and on-board kinematic data.The results show that single-cycle slips can be reliably detected in real time.
Supported copper catalysts for hydrogen transfer reactions involving allylic alcohols

Introduction Oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds is undoubtedly a fundamental organic transformation. To substitute the stoichiometric oxidants usually used, some catalytic approaches have been developed using molecular oxygen. However, safety problems with oxygen in organic solvents may hinder the practical application. Catalytic transfer dehydrogenation of alcohols in anaerobic conditions appears as an attractive alternative method, potentially safe, efficient and selective, in which the alcohol is directly dehydrogenated to the corresponding aldehyde or ketone in the presence of a readily available unsaturated organic molecule (alkene) which acts as hydrogen acceptor [1]. Homogeneous complexes (Ru, Ir) have been reported, which suffer from air sensitivity or requirement of a base additive. Only few heterogeneous catalysts have been shown to be effective, and they are usually substrate sensitive [2, 3]. More specifically, the catalytic dehydrogenation of allylic alcohols such as geraniol is little reported. In this work, Cu-catalysts on different supports were studied in geraniol dehydrogenation using styrene as H-acceptor. Materials and Methods The Cu supported catalysts were commercially available solids (Cu/C) or were prepared on Al2O3, MgO, La2O2CO3, La2O3, hydrotalcite of Mg and Al, hydrotalcite of Mg and La, using various methods. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, and TEM. All catalysts were reduced under H2 at 180-300 °C before catalytic tests. The catalytic performances for geraniol dehydrogenation were evaluated in 50 mL glass vessels with a reflux condenser in an oil bath at 150°C under N2. The typical conditions were: geraniol (0.39 g, 0.1 mol/L), styrene (0.26 g, 0.1 mol/L), catalyst (0.1 g), in mesitylene (25 mL). After purging, the mixture was heated to the reaction temperature while stirring. The reaction products were analyzed by GC chromatography. Results and Discussion Together with the desired geranial, some by-products may be formed like nerol (by isomerization), neral (by isomerization/dehydrogenation), citronellal (CAL) (by isomerization) or citronellol (COL) (by hydrogenation). Supported-Cu catalysts have great potential for achieving transfer dehydrogenation of geraniol to citral in the presence of styrene. Cu/C, Cu/Al2O3 and Cu/MgO were the most active catalysts but they lead to an incomplete molar balance (due to the production of deoxygenated compounds for Cu/C, cyclized products for Cu/Al2O3 and some non-detected compounds for Cu/MgO). The activity of the catalysts consisting in copper supported on La-containing solids was dependent on the preparation method. Cu/ HT(Mg,La) seem to be a good compromise for geraniol conversion and selectivity to citral (yield = 50 % at 97 % conversion). Significance Cu-catalysts supported on basic oxides showed promising results for geraniol dehydrogenation to citral when styrene was used as the hydrogen-acceptor. Selectivity towards citral > 50% at total conversion was observed over Cu/HT(Mg,La).
Research on the Storage and Services of Digital Cached Map Tiles Based on MongoDB

Attribute to read-only, fragmental size and huge amount of digital map, this article introduced a new method based on Mongo DB to store digital map tiles and make service of it. Through the work of certification, the method is capable of the requirements of high concurrency, high ef ective storage, and large amount of data access.
Docking Methodologies and Recent Advances

Docking, a molecular modelling method, has wide applications in identification and optimization in modern drug discovery. This chapter addresses the recent advances in the docking methodologies like fragment docking, covalent docking, inverse docking, post processing, hybrid techniques, homology modeling etc. and its protocol like searching and scoring functions. Advances in scoring functions for e.g. consensus scoring, quantum mechanics methods, clustering and entropy based methods, fingerprinting, etc. are used to overcome the limitations of the commonly used force-field, empirical and knowledge based scoring functions. It will cover crucial necessities and different algorithms of docking and scoring. Further different aspects like protein flexibility, ligand sampling and flexibility, and the performance of scoring function will be discussed.
Design of a testbed for hybrid electric vehicle hardware-in-the-loop simulations

Recent changes to vehicle type-approval regulations have increased demand for testing methods, which better represent real-world driving conditions. Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation is seen as an attractive alternative for pure simulations and real-world operation measurements. The goal of this work was to provide a functional testbed for engine testing, as well as for HIL simulations of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs). In addition, a state-of-the-art review of HIL was considered an important goal of the work. The theory behind HIL, and real-time systems in general, is depicted using a wide variety of examples from automotive applications relating to hybrid power sources. The knowledge gained from the literature was used to design and build a testbed in a form of an engine dynamometer. The testbed can be used to emulate rotational forces, such as load torques on a driveshaft. The testbed’s fast hardware connections enable real-time testing. The scope of the design was in mechanical design and in specification of the hardware components. Initial Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) steady-state and transient tests were done to partially validate the testbed. However, the performance was assessed to not be at an acceptable level. For example, only speed tracking passed the non-road transient cycle tracking assessment. Torque tracking and the derived power curves failed the assessment narrowly. However, the test results indicate that with proper tuning of the control software, the system performance should get better. The system response was slow at this point, but the transient behavior itself was fast. Also, in steady-state, torque and speed ripple were low. Only the preparations for HIL simulation were carried out, since the testbed was not validated to be functional enough for the much more demanding HIL tests. The preparations involved building a simulation model of a series-parallel hybrid Refuse-Collecting Vehicle (RCV), which is to be used for the verification of the designed system’s HIL capabilities. The model was independently verified to be suitable to be used for the physical tests.
Editorial: The publication of geoscientific model developments v1.2

Abstract. Version 1.1 of the editorial of Geoscientific Model Development (GMD), published in 2015 (GMD Executive Editors, 2015), introduced clarifications to the policy on publication of source code and input data for papers published in the journal. Three years of working with this policy has revealed that it is necessary to be more precise in the requirements of the policy and in the narrowness of its exceptions. Furthermore, the previous policy was not specific in the requirements for suitable archival locations. Best practice in code and data archiving continues to develop and is far from universal among scientists. This has resulted in many manuscripts requiring improvement in code and data availability practice during the peer-review process. New researchers continually start their professional lives, and it remains the case that not all authors fully appreciate why code and data publication is necessary. This editorial provides an opportunity to explain this in the context of GMD. The changes in the code and data policy are summarised as follows: The requirement for authors to publish source code, unless this is impossible for reasons beyond their control, is clarified. The minimum requirements are strengthened such that all model code must be made accessible during the review process to the editor and to potentially anonymous reviewers. Source code that can be made public must be made public, and embargoes are not permitted. Identical requirements exist for input data and model evaluation data sets in the model experiment descriptions. The scope of the code and data required to be published is described. In accordance with Copernicus' own data policy, we now specifically strongly encourage all code and data used in any analyses be made available. This will have particular relevance for some model evaluation papers where editors may now strongly request this material be made available. The requirements of suitable archival locations are specified, along with the recommendation that Zenodo is often a good choice. In addition, since the last editorial, an “Author contributions” section must now be included in all manuscripts.
Optimal design and experimental validation long-lasting, low loss transformer for low power renewable energy system

ABSTRACT Dry type transformers are widely used in medium and low voltage distribution network such as renewable energy system. However, these transformers have some drawbacks related to dimension, cost and efficiency depending on it. Thus, the main aim of this study is to get the optimum transformer design based on winding size and efficiency that are related to transformer long lasting with low loss. Therefore, transformer manufacturers will produce more efficient and long lasting dry-type transformer. First of all, the mathematical model of the single-phase dry-type transformer is qualified in detail so the transformer parameters are obtained. Secondly, optimum efficiency depending on the winding sizes, C coefficient and losses are evaluated by Firefly algorithm (FA). Thirdly, the electromagnetic transient analysis of the dry-type transformer have done by ANSYS/Maxwell program. Fourthly, thermal analysis of the transformer windings and core are done by PLC measurement station. Finally, the theoretical results are validated by experimental results using a prototype set. The obtained results showed that the optimization based on windings size and efficiency is resulted by increasing the durability and reliability of the transformer. This article aims to provide a broad perspective to transformer designers, manufacturers and application engineers dealing with these issues.
Measurement of tissue temperature by MRI

The authors investigated the possibility of making non-invasive temperature measurements using MRI. Excised samples of beef muscle and brain were imaged with sequences for rapidly measuring the T/sub 1/, T/sub 2/, and proton density as the tissue temperature was varied from 37/spl deg/C to 43/spl deg/C and above. The signal strength varied by as much as 1.7% per /spl deg/C. For the imaging protocol used, the minimum detectable temperature change (1/spl sigma/) in a 1 cm/sup 3/ voxel over a 6 minute time interval was 1/spl deg/C. Some improvement is expected if the measured dependencies of T/sub 1/, T/sub 2/, and proton density on temperature are used to design a sequence that maximizes the change in signal strength with temperature. The signal strength vs. temperature data show some hysteresis, even for samples held below 43/spl deg/C-the maximum temperature to which healthy tissue is generally raised in hyperthermia. If live tissue shows the same behavior, it may be impossible to do true thermometry based on changes in T/sub 1/, T/sub 2/, and density. There may remain the possibility of accurately measuring small temperature changes over a narrow range. <<ETX>>
A New Performance Categories Evaluation Method Based on ROC Curve

To overcome the shortage of traditional methods,for example,decision analysis and pattern recognition,precision,the probability of detection and so on,they are not robust to the prior probability of classes,so the ROC curve evaluation method is used in this paper.In order to establish the ROC,uses the parameters method,non-parameters method,the area of the curve method and the best at the threshold as stands.The experimental results show that compared with traditional algorithms,based on ROC curve performance evaluation method has been greatly improved.So it is an effective evaluation measure of the classifier recognition algorithm performance evaluation.
Information Exchange Process for AR based Smart Facility Maintenance System Using BIM Model

In this study, we propose information exchange process for the effective integration of building information modeling (BIM) into an augmented reality (AR)-based smart facilities maintenance (SFM) system. The proposed S FM system refers to a system that combines technologies such as AR and IoT sensors in the field maintenance work. This requires the acquisition of data from various sources followed by transformation of these data into an appropriate format. Construction operation building information exchange (COBie) is widely used as a means to effectively integrate and utilize information for maintenance. Therefore, SFM system has a requirement attribute information system with reference to COBie. But this information should be linked to the maintenance work procedures in the actual use case scenario and i t is necessary to define the information exchange process. To solve this problem, we uses the following methods to enable SFM system development with applications for BIM and AR technologies in the FM of the building sector of public facilities. First, it analyzes the previous studies on BIM-based maintenance works and AR technology. Second, it divides the SFM work process utilizing the BIM-based COBie system, and it defines the COBie data required for each work phase. Third, it develops a scenario-based business process modeling notation (BPMN) for the S FM system prototype. Finally, i t proposes an implementation method of SFM system architecture.