Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chicken Guanylate-binding Protein CONSERVATION OF GTPase ACTIVITY AND INDUCTION BY CYTOKINES*

To gain further insights into the cytokine network of birds, we used polymerase chain reaction technology to clone a cDNA that codes for a chicken homolog of the interferon-induced guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs). In its N-terminal moiety, the 64-kDa chicken GBP con- tains two sequence blocks of 100 and 19 amino acids, respectively, that are about 70% identical to mammalian GBPs. The first region includes two motifs of the canonical GTP-binding consensus element. The other parts of chicken GBP are poorly conserved, except for a C AAX motif at the extreme C terminus which might signal isoprenylation. Like mammalian GBPs, recombinant chicken GBP specifically bound to agarose-immobilized guanine nucleotides and hydrolyzed GTP to both GDP and GMP. Regulation by interferons was also conserved: chicken GBP RNA was barely detectable in uninduced chicken cells. Low GBP RNA levels were found in cells treated with type I interferon, whereas very high levels were observed in cells treated with supernatant of a chicken T cell line that secretes a (cid:103) -interferon-like activity. Together with recent phylogenetic studies of in- terferon genes, these results suggest that in spite of low sequence conservation, the various components of the avian interferon system are functionally well conserved. Phylogenetic analysis chicken GBP cDNA. antisense new Hin reverse complementary to positions 1748–1767 of the chicken GBP cDNA. The plasmid, pHis-ChGBP, coded for a fusion protein between the oligopeptide Met-Arg-Glu-Ser-(His) 6 -Gly-Ser and chicken GBP from amino acid position 2 to position 573.
Puccinia triticina pathotypes- THTT and THTS display complex transcript profiles on wheat cultiver Thatcher

Background: Wheat leaf rust is an important disease worldwide. Understanding the Puccinia triticina f. sp. tritici ( Pt ) pathogenic molecular mechanism and the inconstant toxic region is critical for managing the disease. The present study aimed to analyze pathogenic divergence between Pt isolates. Results: Total RNA was extracted from wheat cultiver Thatcher infected by two Pt isolates, Tc361_1 (THTT) and Tc284_2 (THTS) at 144 hours post inoculation (hpi). The mRNA was then sequenced, and a total of 2,784 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected. Forty-five genes were specifically expressed in THTT; these genes included transcription initiation factors and genes with transmembrane transporter activity and other genes. Twenty-six genes were specifically expressed in THTS, including genes with GTPase activity, ABC transporter genes and other genes. Fifty-four differentially expressed candidate effectors were screened from the two isolates. Two candidate effectors were chosen and validated on tobacco, and the results showed that they could inhibit necrosis induced by Bax. qRT-PCR of 12 significant DEGs was carried out to validate the results are similar to that of RNA-seq at 144 hpi, to show the expression levels of these DEGs in the early stage and to elucidate the differences in expression between the two Pt pathotypes. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study showed that the two pathtypes of THTT and THTS although contribute similar virulence to wheat, there are a large number of genes participate in the interaction with susceptible wheat cultivar Thatcher, and revealed the pathgenicity of rust is very complicated.
Roles and Perceptions of Nurses During Implementation of a Medication Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder National Initiative

Abstract Background In the United States, a national priority exists to improve access to medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD). Nurses can be an essential component of that care. We examined the perceptions and evolving roles of nurses in a national Veterans Health Administration (VHA) initiative designed to improve MOUD access within general medical settings. Methods From April 15, 2021, to June 16, 2021, we recruited nurses participating in VHA's Stepped Care for Opioid Use Disorder Train the Trainer Initiative—a national program intending to implement MOUD in general medical settings—to participate in an interview about their roles, perceptions, and experiences. The respondents answered our inquiries through an interview or responded to an email solicitation with written responses, which were then recorded, transcribed, and independently coded to identify themes. Results Nurses from 10 VHA facilities participated in an interview (n = 7) or completed the questionnaire (n = 4). Inadequate staffing, high patient-to-provider ratios, and time constraints were identified as barriers to MOUD care. Mentorship activities, existing VHA informational resources, and patients' willingness to accept treatment were identified as facilitators of MOUD care. The Stepped Care for Opioid Use Disorder Train the Trainer Initiative processes were acknowledged to promote role confidence, which in turn increased job satisfaction and empowered nurses to become content experts. Respondents often identified nurses as local lead facilitators in MOUD care. Conclusions In a national initiative to implement MOUD within general medical settings, nurses identified several barriers and facilitators to MOUD implementation. Nurses play vital collaborative care roles in enhancing access to MOUD.
Sequential Mediation of the Relation of Increased Physical Activity and Weight Loss by Mood and Emotional Eating Changes

Psychological/behavioral correlates of weight loss, including emotional eating, require improved understandings. These might be especially useful in the context of community-based interventions. Women with obesity, enrolled in 6-month community-based weight loss treatments emphasizing either self-regulation (n = 54) or typical educational methods (n = 52), were evaluated on changes in physical activity/exercise, mood, emotional eating, and weight. Significant improvements on each measure were found in both groups, with significantly greater advances made in the self-regulation emphasis group. Using a lagged variable analytic framework, change in emotional eating significantly mediated physical activity → weight change (over both 6 and 12 months) relationships. Group membership moderated only the mood → emotional eating change relationship. Paths from changes in physical activity → mood → emotional eating → weight were significant, with no alternate path reaching significance. Group was not a significant moderator. Identified paths from physical activity to weight loss, through sequential changes in mood and then emotional eating, should be leveraged to guide community-based weight management curricular development and application. Through such large-scale possibilities for dissemination, means for the reversal of the obesity epidemic could be made possible.
Blocking Layer Optimization of poly(3-hexylthiopene) based Solid State Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

The optimisation study of a compact TiO 2 blocking layer fabrication (via Spray Pyrolysis Deposition) for poly(3-hexylthiopene) (P3HT) based Solid State Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (SDSC) is reported. We used a novel spray TiO 2 precursor solution composition obtained by adding acetylacetone to a conventional formulation (Diisopropoxytitanium bis(acetylacetonate) in ethanol). By Scanning Electron Microscopy a TiO 2 layer with compact morphology and thickness of around 100 nm is shown. Through a Tafel plots analysis an enhancement is observed of device diode-like behaviour induced by the acetylacetone blocking layer respect to the conventional one. Significantly, device fabricated with acetylacetone blocking layer shows an overall increment of the cell performances respect to cell with conventional one (ΔJ sc /J sc = +13.8%, ΔFF/FF= +39.7%, ΔPCE/PCE= +55.6%). A conversion efficiency optimum is found for successive spray cycles n = 15 where more effective is the acetylacetone blocking layer diode-like behaviour. Over three batches of cells (fabricated with P3HT and dye D35) an average conversion efficiency value of 3.9% (under a class A sun simulator with 1 sun A.M. 1.5 illumination condition) was measured. From the best cell we fabricated a conversion efficiency value of 4.5% was extracted. This represent a significant increment respect to previously reported values for P3HT/ dye D35 based SDSC.
Reliable design of micro-satellite systems using combined physics of failure reliability estimation models

Up until 2015 the rate at which cube satellite missions achieved full mission success was only 44.1% for any organizations first mission (academic or corporate), the success rate increases to only 62% for cube satellites launched as a second mission. This thesis suggests that there are two main sources for the high failure rate: improper verification, and the common use of COTS components and their reliability in a space environment. The thesis provides a means of increasing mission assurance through the use of physics of failure reliability estimation models that incorporate the intrinsic and extrinsic failures of thermal mechanical effects as well as radiation effects on EEE components, a design methodology is also presented that incorporates reliability modeling as well as thorough software and hardware in loop testing to prevent failure due to improper verification. The environment and reliability models are calculated for the on board command and data handling system of the ECOSatII cube satellite being developed by the University of Victoria ECOSat team using NX Siemens for thermal FEA modelling, SPENVIS for radiation environment, and MATLAB for reliability calculation.
An RL-Based Approach for IEQ paces for ome-orking

Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) is a very important aspect in the de-sign of spaces. It depends on fundamental requirements, and it aims to improve living quality and ensure high well-being for the occupants. Poor IEQ has signiﬁcant health consequences as people spend a considerable portion of their time indoors. The restrictions imposed by the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have worsened this situation by requiring people to spend more time at home and adopt home-working as a primary work model. Such a situation requires individuals to reconﬁgure their interior home spaces for adapting to new emerging needs. This paper proposes an approach based on reinforcement learning to support the rearrangement of indoor spaces by maximizing the indoor environmental quality index in terms of thermal, acoustic and visual comfort in the new furniture layout scheme.
Stress-induced R-M_{A}-M_{C}-T symmetry changes in BiFeO_{3} films

Recent reports on epitaxial BiFeO 3 films show that the crystal structure changes from nearly rhombohedral (“R-like”) to nearly tetragonal (“T-like”) at strains exceeding ≈ -4.5%, with the “T-like” structure being characterized by a highly-enhanced c/a ratio. While both the “R-like” and the “T-like” phases are monoclinic, our detailed x-ray diffraction results reveal a symmetry change from M A and M C type, respectively, at this “R-like”-to-“T-like” transition. Therefore, the ferroelectric polarization is confined to different (pseudocubic) planes in the two phases. By applying additional strain or by modifying the unit cell volume of the film by substituting Ba for Bi, the monoclinic distortion in the “T-like” M C phase is reduced, i.e. the system approaches a true tetragonal symmetry. Therefore, in going from bulk to highly-strained films, a phase sequence of rhombohedral(R)-to-monoclinic(“R-like” M A )-to-monoclinic(“T-like” M C )-to-tetragonal(T) is observed. This sequence is otherwise seen only near morphotropic phase boundaries in lead-based solid-solution perovskites (i.e. near a compositionally induced phase instability), where it can be controlled by electric field, temperature, or composition. Our results now show that this evolution can occur in a lead-free, stoichiometric material and can be induced by stress alone. non-ferroelectric C2/m monoclinic phase 32 . Computational results indicate a broad variety of phase
Expression of the Epstein Barr Virus Transforming Protein LMP1 Causes a Rapid and Transient Stimulation of the Bcl-2 Homologue Mci-i Leveis in B-Cell Lines'

suggested as a rapidly inducible, short-term effector of cell viability (iO). It has been shown that induction of Bcl-2 by LMP1 is a delayed response and needs about 48â€”72h (4). In the present work, we asked whether Md-i expression was changed as a part of the program induced by LMP1 to protect B cells from apoptosis, especially at an early stage prior to up-regulation of Bcl-2. Our results demonstrated that LMP1 induced a rapid and transient up-regulation of the Md-i protein before the induction of Bcl-2. secondary antibod ies. Immunoblots were developed by using the ECL Western blotting detection system (Amersham Amersham, United Kingdom). Monoclonal antibodies against LMPI and Bcl-2 were obtained from Dako (Glostrop, Denmark). Polyclonal antibodies against Mcl-l were developed by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA) with the peptide corresponding to amino acids 121â€”139of Mcl-l of human origin and characterized with the recombi nant Mcl-l protein. Cell Viability Assay. Live/deadcell discriminationwas performedwith P1 was Abstract The EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) suppresses ap optosis the maximum induction of Bcl-2 by LMP1 takes about 48â€”72h. We show in this report that up-regulation of the Bcl-2 homologue Mci-i by LMP1 preceded the Induction of Bcl-2 and that the up-regulation was translent therefore, Md-i leveis decreased when Bcl-2 leveis started to increase. This finding supports the hypothesis that Mci-i functions as a rapidly inducible, short-term effector of cell viability. LMP1 also blocked the decline in the Mci-i levels in response to apoptotic stimulation triggered by elevated cyclic AMP. This effect of LMP1was associatedwith a delayed cell death in the EBV-negative Burkitt lymphoma cell line BL41. The maintenance of Mci-i expression by LMP1 is likely to be a crucial immediate-early response that enables cells to survive until Bcl-2 can be up-regulated. accord formation of apoptotic
A Family Mutation of MEN1 with a Novel Germline Missense and Benign Polymorphisms

The gene responsible for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) has recently been cloned, and its germline mutations were identified in patients with this syndrome. The majority of the mutations, frameshift or nonsense mutations, are expected to result in a loss of function of the gene product menin. Since the consequence of less common missense or in-frame deletion mutations is not clear, careful judgment is necessary regarding the role(s) of such mutations in MEN1 disease. Here we describe a large multigenerational MEN1 family with a novel germline missense mutation and three benign polymorphisms. The proband was a man with hyperparathyroidism and thymic carcinoid. We performed biochemical studies and DNA analyses of the MEN1 gene simultaneously and independently as family screening studies. Seven patients including the proband were identified, and all of them carried a heterozygous germline missense mutation E45G, but 5 members with normal biochemical results did not. This mutation was not observed in 50 normal volunteers. This novel missense mutation is therefore almost conclusively responsible for the disease. Although all of the mutant gene carriers in the present study already had clinical diseases, an MEN1 gene analysis in younger individuals at risk would be very useful in identifying carriers before the onset of the symptoms.
Role of dimensionality reduction in segment - based classsification of damaged building roofs in ariborne laser scanning data

We present a segment-based approach to detecting damaged building roofs in aerial laser scanning data. It consists of a segmentation step, where points are grouped into planar segments, a feature extraction step, and a classification step, where each segment is classified as damaged or intact. Such a segment-based approach faces two major challenges: first, extraction of features that are relevant to the target classes and can adequately distinguish between the intact and damaged segments is not straightforward. Second, the generation of reference segments for training and testing is difficult due the complexity of interpreting point clouds. To overcome these challenges the role of feature selection and dimensionality reduction in training a classifier using few training samples is investigated. We evaluate the performance of several classifiers with different sets of features in terms of classification accuracy. The results indicate the usefulness of dimensionality reduction methods in segment-based classification of aerial laser scanning data with few training samples. With 12 features and 50 training segments a linear classifier outperforms more complex classifiers; however, dimensionality reduction methods result in larger improvements in the performance of complex classifiers.
Voxel Field Fusion for 3D Object Detection

In this work, we present a conceptually simple yet effective framework for cross-modality 3D object detection, named voxel field fusion. The proposed approach aims to maintain cross-modality consistency by representing and fusing augmented image features as a ray in the voxel field. To this end, the learnable sampler is first designed to sample vital features from the image plane that are projected to the voxel grid in a point-to-ray manner, which maintains the consistency in feature representation with spatial context. In addition, ray-wise fusion is conducted to fuse features with the supplemental context in the constructed voxel field. We further develop mixed augmentor to align feature-variant transformations, which bridges the modality gap in data augmentation. The proposed framework is demonstrated to achieve consistent gains in various bench-marks and outperforms previous fusion-based methods on KITTI and nuScenes datasets. Code is made available at https://github.com/dvlab-research/VFF11Part of the work was done in MEGVII Research.
Grid HTM: Hierarchical Temporal Memory for Anomaly Detection in Videos

The interest for video anomaly detection systems has gained trac-tion for the past few years. The current approaches use deep learning to perform anomaly detection in videos, but this approach has multiple problems. For starters, deep learning in general has issues with noise, concept drift, explainability, and training data volumes. Additionally, anomaly detection in itself is a complex task and faces challenges such as unknowness, heterogeneity, and class imbal-ance. Anomaly detection using deep learning is therefore mainly constrained to generative models such as generative adversarial networks and autoencoders due to their unsupervised nature, but even they suffer from general deep learning issues and are hard to train properly. In this paper, we explore the capabilities of the Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM) algorithm to perform anomaly detection in videos, as it has favorable properties such as noise tolerance and online learning which combats concept drift. We introduce a novel version of HTM, namely, Grid HTM, which is an HTM-based architecture specifically for anomaly detection in complex videos such as surveillance footage.
Uzbek Sentiment Analysis based on local Restaurant Reviews

Extracting useful information for sentiment analysis and classification problems from a big amount of user-generated feedback, such as restaurant reviews, is a crucial task of natural language processing, which is not only for customer satisfaction where it can give personalized services, but can also influence the further development of a company. In this paper, we present a work done on collecting restaurant reviews data as a sentiment analysis dataset for the Uzbek language, a member of the Turkic family which is heavily affected by the low-resource constraint, and provide some further analysis of the novel dataset by evaluation using different techniques, from logistic regression based models, to support vector machines, and even deep learning models, such as recurrent neural networks, as well as convolutional neural networks. The paper includes detailed information on how the data was collected, how it was pre-processed for better quality optimization, as well as experimental setups for the evaluation process. The overall evaluation results indicate that by performing pre-processing steps, such as stemming for agglutinative languages, the system yields better results, eventually achieving 91% accuracy result in the best performing model
MVMO: A Multi-Object Dataset for Wide Baseline Multi-View Semantic Segmentation

We present MVMO (Multi-View, Multi-Object dataset): a synthetic dataset of 116,000 scenes containing randomly placed objects of 10 distinct classes and captured from 25 camera locations in the upper hemisphere. MVMO comprises photorealistic, path-traced image renders, together with semantic segmentation ground truth for every view. Unlike existing multi-view datasets, MVMO features wide baselines between cameras and high density of objects, which lead to large disparities, heavy occlusions and view-dependent object appearance. Single view semantic segmentation is hindered by self and inter-object occlusions that could benefit from additional viewpoints. Therefore, we expect that MVMO will propel research in multi-view semantic segmentation and cross-view semantic transfer. We also provide baselines that show that new research is needed in such fields to exploit the complementary information of multi-view setups1.
From Explanation to Recommendation: Ethical Standards for Algorithmic Recourse

People are increasingly subject to algorithmic decisions, and it is generally agreed that end-users should be provided an explanation or rationale for these decisions. There are different purposes that explanations can have, such as increasing user trust in the system or allowing users to contest the decision. One specific purpose that is gaining more traction is algorithmic recourse. We first propose that recourse should be viewed as a recommendation problem, not an explanation problem. Then, we argue that the capability approach provides plausible and fruitful ethical standards for recourse. We illustrate by considering the case of diversity constraints on algorithmic recourse. Finally, we discuss the significance and implications of adopting the capability approach for algorithmic recourse research.
A Unified Weight Initialization Paradigm for Tensorial Convolutional Neural Networks

Tensorial Convolutional Neural Networks (TCNNs) have attracted much research attention for their power in reducing model parameters or enhancing the generalization ability. However, exploration of TCNNs is hindered even from weight initialization methods. To be specific, general initialization methods, such as Xavier or Kaiming initialization, usually fail to generate appropriate weights for TCNNs. Meanwhile, although there are ad-hoc approaches for specific architectures (e.g., Tensor Ring Nets), they are not applicable to TCNNs with other tensor decomposition methods (e.g., CP or Tucker decomposition). To address this problem, we propose a universal weight initialization paradigm, which generalizes Xavier and Kaiming methods and can be widely applicable to arbitrary TCNNs. Specifically, we first present the Reproducing Transformation to convert the backward process in TCNNs to an equivalent convolution process. Then, based on the convolution operators in the forward and backward processes, we build a unified paradigm to control the variance of features and gradients in TCNNs. Thus, we can derive fan-in and fan-out initialization for various TCNNs. We demonstrate that our paradigm can stabilize the training of TCNNs, leading to faster convergence and better results.