Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
3D Mapping by Photogrammetry and LiDAR in Forest Studies

Aerial imagery have long been used for forest Inventories due to the high correlation between tree height and forest biophysical properties to determine the vertical canopy structure which is an important variable in forest inventories. The development in photogrammetric softwares and large availability of aerial imagery has carved the path in 3D mapping and has accelerated significantly the use of photogrammetry in forest inventory. There is tremendous capacity of 3D mapping which has been recognized in research, development and management of forest ecosystem. The aim of this article is to provide insights of 3D mapping (photogrammetry including Lidar) in forest-related disciplines. We utilizing the satellite stereo pair and LiDAR point cloud as a case study for producing the anaglyph map and Canopy Height Model (CHM) respectively. The study also revealed the area verses canopy height graph. Present study has some strength because it was demonstrated the use of advance software module of ARC/GIS and Erdas Imagine for 3D mapping using Photogrammetry and LiDAR data sets which is highly useful in forest management, planning and decision making.
Kobe University Repository : Kernel タイトル Tit le Structures and funct ions of insect arylalkylamine N-acetylt ransferase ( iaaNAT ) ; a key enzyme for physiological and behavioral switch in arthropods 著者

権利 Rights © 2015 Hiragaki, Suzuki, Mohamed and Takeda. This is an openaccess art icle distributed under the terms of the Creat ive Commons Attribut ion License (CC BY). The use, distribut ion or reproduct ion in other forums is permit ted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publicat ion in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic pract ice. No use, distribut ion or reproduct ion is permit ted which does not comply with these terms.
Self‐efficacy, goals, and job search behaviors

Purpose – This study aims to examine the relationship between job search self‐efficacy, employment goals, job search planning, job search behaviors and effort allocated to job search.Design/methodology/approach – The authors expected that employment goals would mediate the effect of job search self‐efficacy on job search planning, job search behaviors and effort allocated to job search. In total, 100 participants completed measures of these concepts. The results are discussed with reference to previous studies and to methodological choices.Findings – Regression analyses did not confirm the hypotheses. Contrary to expectations, employment goals did not mediate the path between self‐efficacy, job search planning, job search behaviors and effort allocated to job search. Instead, self‐efficacy directly influenced job search planning and job search behaviors.Originality/value – Few studies have investigated the effect of self‐efficacy on goals in job search domain. This paper fills some of the gaps.
Investor Protection and Financing Innovation : Evidence from Blue Sky Laws ∗

Using historical firm-level patent and accounting data, I document how investor protection affects innovation by encouraging investors to provide more funds to innovative firms. To establish a causal link, I use the enactment of the first form of investor protection laws across some U.S. states at the beginning of the 20th century, when there was no federal regulation. These laws required firms to disclose information before selling their securities, increased penalties in case of financial fraud, and set up local institutions to regulate security issues. Using the archival records of local institutions, I document that young innovative firms (startups) had a large share of intangible assets and relied heavily on equity financing (venture capital). In a difference-in-differences setting, I show that innovative firms that previously had limited access to external finance raised more financing and increased their innovation activity—measured in terms of the number of patents and citations—after investor protection laws were enacted. JEL Classification: G24, K22, O12, O32
Nonconvex Regularized Robust Regression with Oracle Properties in Polynomial Time

This paper investigates tradeoffs among optimization errors, statistical rates of convergence and the effect of heavy-tailed errors for high-dimensional robust regression with nonconvex regularization. When the additive errors in linear models have only bounded second moment, our results suggest that adaptive Huber regression with nonconvex regularization yields statistically optimal estimators that satisfy oracle properties as if the true underlying support set were known beforehand. Computationally, we need as many as O(log s + log log d) convex relaxations to reach such oracle estimators, where s and d denote the sparsity and ambient dimension, respectively. Extension to a general class of robust loss functions is also considered. Numerical studies lend strong support to our methodology and theory.
Normal Vibrations of Two Polymorphic forms of TeO2 Crystals and Assignments of Raman Peaks of Pure TeO2 Glass

Raman spectra of paratellurite, tellurite and pure TeO2 glass were measured. The normal vibration of paratellurite and tellurite was analyzed. The spectrum of pure TeO2 glass were deconvoluted into symmetric Gaussian functions. The normal vibrations of paratellurite are exactly described as combined representations of movement of oxygen atom in Te-eqOax-Te linkage and vibrations of TeO4 trigonal bipyramid (tbp). Compared the resolved Raman peaks of pure TeO2 glass with normal vibration of paratellurite, all Raman peaks from 420 to 880cm-1 are assigned to the vibrations of TeO4 tbp and Te-eqOax-Te linkage. The antisymmetric stretching vibrations of Te-eqOax-Te linkage have relatively large intensities to symmetric stretching vibrations of Te-eqOax-Te linkage. In pure TeO2 glass, TeO4 tbps are formed by most of tellurium atoms and connected at vertices by the Te-eqOax-Te linkages.
A quantum-chaotic cesium-vapor magnetometer

Quantum-enhanced measurements represent the path towards the best measurement precision allowed by the laws of quantum mechanics. Known protocols usually rely on the preparation of entangled states and promise high or even optimal precision, but fall short in real-word applications because of the difficulty to generate entangled states and to protect them against decoherence. Here, we refrain from the preparation of entangled states but supplement the integrable parameter-encoding dynamics by non-linear kicks driving the system in the dynamical regime of quantum chaos. We show that large improvements in measurement precision are possible by modeling a spin-exchange relaxation-free alkali-vapor magnetometer where the non-linear kicks are realized by exploiting the ac Stark effect.
For studyIng MorPhologIcal IntegratIon and ModularIty

—Morphological integration and modularity are closely related concepts about how different traits of an organism are correlated. Integration is the overall pattern of intercorrelation; modularity is the partitioning of integration into evolutionarily or developmentally independent blocks of traits. Modularity and integration are usually studied using quantitative phenotypic data, which can be obtained either from extant or fossil organisms. Many methods are now available to study integration and modularity, all of which involve the analysis of patterns found in trait correlation or covariance matrices. We review matrix correlation, random skewers, fluctuating asymmetry, cluster analysis, Euclidean distance matrix analysis (EDMA), graphical modelling, two-block partial least squares, RV coefficients, and theoretical matrix modelling and discuss their similarities and differences. We also review different coefficients that are used to measure correlations. We apply all the methods to cranial landmark data from and ontogenetic series of Japanese macaques, Macaca fuscata to illustrate the methods and their individual strengths and weaknesses. We conclude that the exploratory approaches (cluster analyses of various sorts) were less informative and less consistent with one another than were the results of model testing or comparative approaches. Nevertheless, we found that competing models of modularity and integration are often similar enough that they are not statistically distinguishable; we expect, therefore, that several models will often be significantly correlated with observed data.
Tn 6167 , an antibiotic resistance island in an Australian carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii GC 2 , ST 92 isolate

Results: The GC2 isolate A91 is sequence type (ST) ST92 (Oxford MLST scheme). It includes a 37 kb genomic resistance island, Tn6167, in the comM gene. At one end, Tn6167 carries Tn6022D1 interrupted by a novel insertion sequence, ISAba17. The sul2 (sulphonamide resistance) and strA-strB (streptomycin resistance) genes and tet(B) tetracycline resistance determinant are at the other end in the configuration ISAba1-sul2CR2D-tetA(B)-tetR(B)-CR2-strB-strA with part of the tni end of a Tn6022-related transposon preceding them and an orf4 end following them. Transposon Tn2006 carrying blaOXA-23 was found in an 11 kb region located between Tn6022D1 and the other resistance genes. The 17.6 kb Tn6166 from the GC2 reference strain A320/ RUH134 can be derived from Tn6167 via a single deletion arising adjacent to Tn6022D1 and causing loss of a large central segment.
Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Barnes-Jewish Hospital stroke dysphagia screen test in patients with acute stroke

Objective: To perform the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Barnes-Jewish Hospital Stroke Dysphagia Screen (BJH-SDS). Methods: One hundred forty patients with acute stroke were screened using the BJH-SDS within the first 24 hours of stroke and scored by two blinded independent expert observers, followed by endoscopic evaluations within 24 hours of the screening tests. Cronbach's alpha and item-to-total correlations were used to assess internal consistency. Interrater reliability analyses were performed. Flexible fiber optic endoscopic evaluation of swallow (FEES) was used to describe the validity of the measures. Results: The mean age of the patients was 67.20±12.82 years. The internal consistency of the test was good with Cronbach’s α values between 0.831 and 0.894, and there was a very good interrater agreement based on an intra-class correlation coefficient between 0.850 and 1.000. The item-to-total correlation for test items was between 0.493 and 0.712, exceeding the commonly accepted level of >0.3. There was a significant positive association between the total test scores of the raters and FEES levels (r=0.733 p=0.001 and r=0.744, p=0.001). Based on the total scores, the sensitivity and specificity for detecting the presence of dysphagia were 78.6% and 80 to 82.8%, respectively. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the Turkish version of the BJH-SDS is a valid and reliable instrument when determining dysphagia in patients with acute stroke.
Does the Length of Maternity Leave Affect Maternal Health

The objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of the length of maternity leave on maternal health in a sample of working mothers. Two measures of depression and a measure of overall health are used to represent maternal health. Ordinary Least Squares models provide baseline estimates, and instrumental variables models account for the potential endogeneity of the return-to-work decision. The findings suggest that returning to work later may reduce the number or frequency of depressive symptoms, but the length of time before returning to work is not associated with a lower probability of being a likely case of clinical depression. Similarly, there is little evidence that longer maternity leave impacts physical and mental health as measured by frequent outpatient visits during the first six months after childbirth.
A Radiotherapy Treatment Margin Formula When Systematic Positioning Errors are Relatively Small Compared to Random Positioning Errors: A First-Order Approximation

A radiotherapy treatment margin formula has been analytically derived when a standard deviation (SD) of systematic positioning errors Ʃ is relatively small compared to an SD of random positioning errors σ. The margin formula for 0 ≤ Ʃ ≤ σ was calculated by linearly interpolating two boundaries at Ʃ = 0 and Ʃ = σ, assuming that the van Herk margin approximation of k1Ʃ + k2σ is valid at Ʃ = σ. It was shown that a margin formula for 0 ≤ Ʃ ≤ σ may be approximated by k1σ + k2Ʃ, leading to a more general form of k1 max(Ʃ,σ) + k2 min(Ʃ,σ) which is a piecewise linear approximation for any values of Ʃ and σ.
An effective field theory during inflation II: stochastic dynamics and power spectrum suppression

We obtain the non-equilibrium effective action of an inflaton like scalar field –the system– by tracing over sub Hubble degrees of freedom of “environmental” light scalar fields. The effective action is stochastic leading to effective Langevin equations of motion for the fluctuations of the inflaton-like field, with self-energy corrections and stochastic noise correlators that obey a de Sitter space-time analog of a fluctuation dissipation relation. We solve the Langevin equation implementing a dynamical renormalization group resummation of the leading secular terms and obtain the corrections to the power spectrum of super Hubble fluctuations of the inflaton field, P(k;η) = P0(k)e −γ(k;η) where P0(k) is the nearly scale invariant power spectrum in absence of coupling. γ(k;η) > 0 describes the suppression of the power spectrum, it features Sudakov-type double logarithms and entails violations of scale invariance. We also obtain the effective action for the case of a heavy scalar field of mass M ≫ H, this case yields a local “Fermi” limit with a very weak self-interaction of the inflaton-like field and dissipative terms that are suppressed by powers of H/M. We conjecture on the possibility that the large scale anomalies in the CMB may originate in dissipative processes from inflaton coupling to sub-Hubble degrees of freedom.
Determinants of Stock Trading Volume in Nigeria: Money Demand Approach

This study has investigated the determinants of stock trading volume using the demand for money approach. In order to establish the magnitude and direction of relationship between stock trading volume and other macroeconomic variables such as broad money, interest rate, foreign direct investment, exchange rate, income and global financial crisis for the period 1985 to 2014, an ARDL model was set up. The results showed that the exogenous variables studied have long run equilibrium relationship with the volume of transactions in the stock exchange. Specifically, while money supply exhibited strong positive significant relationship with stock volume, interest rate and exchange rate impact was negative and significant. The impact of income and foreign direct investment was positive but not significant. The dynamic error correction model shows that the system converges back to equilibrium at a speed of 41.3%. The CUSUM test reveals that irrespective of the downward trend in the volume of trading on the exchange in Nigeria for the period, stock trading volume has remained stable. The study recommends that policy makers in the country should take into account the influence of money supply, interest rate and exchange rate in the course of planning the target volume level of trading transactions on the floor of the Nigerian Stock Exchange.
The aging-delay effects of ginsenoside Rg 1 on hemopoietic stem and progenitor cell are related with changes of cell cycle regulating molecule expression

Objective: to study the aging-delay effect and the potential mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 in the process of hemopoietic stem cell/hemopoietic progenitor cell sequential transplantation. Method: isolate Sca-1+HSC/HPC from male donor mice. Female recipient mice were divided into four groups after 60Co γ-radiation with fatal dose, control group, aging model group, Rg1 anti-aging group, and Rg1 aging-delay group. We performed the sequential transplantation of Sca-1+HSC/HPC for three generations to construct the in vivo aging mode. Real-time fluorescence quota PCR was used in the detection of the expression of SRY gene in the marrow of the recipients, to ascertain the source of hemocyte, the survival time of the recipients and the hemogram of peripheral blood was observed to confirm the hematopoietic reconstitution and the improvement which was caused by Rg1; CFU-mix, cell cycle analysis and senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining were employed to analysis the biological characters of senescent Sca-1+HSC/HPC cells and the in vivo regulation of Rg1 in this process. Real-time fluorescence quota PCR was used to detect the expression levels of Sca-1+HSC/HPC p16INK4a, p19Arf, p53, p21Cip1/Waf1 mRNA, and western blotting was used to detect the protein levels of Sca-1+HSC/HPC P16INK4a, CDK4, CyclinD, P21Cip1/Waf1, CDK2, CyclinE in recipients. Results: the hemocyte of recipients was from male donors, the 30 d survival rate was dramatically declined after cell sequential transplantation. The hemogram of peripheral blood recovered slowly, and Sca-1+HSC/ HPC of these recipients were arrested in G1 phase, which resulted in the CFU-mix decrease and the positive rate of SA-β-Gal. Every generation in the Rg1 anti-aging group, and Rg1 aging-delay group showed higher 30d survival rate, CFU-mix, WBC, HCT, PLT, and lower rates of cells in G1 phase and SA-β-Gal positive cells than their control in the aging model group. When treated with Rg1, the mRNA level of Sca-1+HSC p16INK4a, p19Arf, p53, p21Cip1/Waf1 and the protein level of P16INK4a, P21Cip1/Waf1, CyclinD1 were down-regulated, the protein level of CDK4, CDK2, CyclinE were up-regulated. These effects were obvious in the Rg1 aging-delay group comparing with the Rg1 anti-aging group. Conclusion: Ginsenoside Rg1 plays an anti-aging role in the process of Sca-1+HSC/HPC sequential transplantation, it has a better effect of aging-delay than anti-aging. The underlying mechanism may relate with its regulation of cell cycle regulating molecule expression.
Hitomi observations of the LMC SNR N 132 D: Highly redshifted X-ray emission from iron ejecta

We present Hitomi observations of N 132 D, a young, X-ray bright, O-rich core-collapse supernova remnant in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Despite a very short observation of only 3.7 ks, the Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) easily detects the line complexes of highly ionized S K and Fe K with 16-17 counts in each. The Fe feature is measured for the first time at high spectral resolution. Based on the plausible assumption that the Fe K emission is dominated by He-like ions, we find that the material responsible for this Fe emission is highly redshifted at similar to 800 km s(-1) compared to the local LMC interstellar medium (ISM), with a 90% credible interval of 50-1500 km s(-1) if a weakly informative prior is placed on possible line broadening. This indicates (1) that the Fe emission arises from the supernova ejecta, and (2) that these ejecta are highly asymmetric, since no blueshifted component is found. The S K velocity is consistent with the local LMC ISM, and is likely from swept-up ISM material. These results are consistent with spatial mapping that shows the He-like Fe concentrated in the interior of the remnant and the S tracing the outer shell. The results also show that even with a very small number of counts, direct velocity measurements from Doppler-shifted lines detected in extended objects like supernova remnants are now possible. Thanks to the very low SXS background of similar to 1 event per spectral resolution element per 100 ks, such results are obtainable during short pointed or slew observations with similar instruments. This highlights the power of high-spectral-resolution imaging observations, and demonstrates the new window that has been opened with Hitomi and will be greatly widened with future missions such as the X-ray Astronomy Recovery Mission (XARM) and Athena.
Statistical Study of Rainfall Control: The Dagum Distribution and Applicability to the Southwest of Spain

It is of vital importance in statistical distributions to fit rainfall data to determine the maximum amount of rainfall expected for a specific hydraulic work. Otherwise, the hydraulic capacity study could be erroneous, with the tragic consequences that this would entail. This study aims to present the Dagum distribution as a new statistical tool to calculate rainfall in front of frequent statistical distributions such as Gumbel, Log-Pearson Type III, Gen Extreme Value (GEV) and SQRT-ET max. The study was performed by collecting annual rainfall data from 52 meteorological stations in the province of Badajoz (Spain), using the statistical goodness-of-fit tests of Anderson–Darling and Kolmogorov–Smirnov to establish the degree of fitness of the Dagum distribution, applied to the maximum annual rainfall series. The results show that this distribution obtained a flow 21.92% greater than that with the traditional distributions. Therefore, in the Southwest of Spain, the Dagum distribution fits better to the observed rainfall data than other common statistical distributions, with respect to precision and calculus of hydraulics works and river flood plains.
Optimal sensor configuration for complex systems with application to signal detection in structures

The paper considers the problem of sensor configuration for complex systems. The contribution of the paper is twofold. Firstly, we define an appropriate criterion that is based on maximizing overall sensor responses while minimizing redundant information as measured by correlations between multiple sensor outputs. Secondly, we describe an efficient and practical algorithm to achieve the optimization goals, based on simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA). SPSA avoids the need for detailed modeling of the sensor response by simply relying on observed responses as obtained by limited experimentation with test sensor configurations. We illustrate the application of the approach to optimal placement of acoustic sensors for signal detection in structures. This includes both a computer simulation study for an aluminum plate, and real experimentations on a steel I-beam.
Effects of outdoor lighting on judgements of emotion and gaze direction

Road lighting in residential roads should enhance the visual component of interpersonal judgements concerning the apparent intent of other pedestrians – whether friendly, aggressive or indifferent. This paper describes an experiment which collected forced-choice judgements of emotion and gaze direction after 1000 ms exposure under 18 combinations of lamp type, luminance and interpersonal distances. Better performance was found with higher luminance and larger task size, but with diminishing returns according to a plateau-escarpment relationship. The results were used to estimate appropriate light levels for outdoor lighting. Results for judgements of emotion from facial expression suggest a minimum luminance of the face of 0.1–1.0 cd/m2 if facial expressions are to be identified accurately at 4 m, but a luminance above 1.0 cd/m2 for identification at 10 m.
Features of spontaneous pointing gestures in toddlers

This study investigated the production of spontaneous pointing gestures in 26 toddlers, who were observed during free play time at day nursery. Pointing gestures and their different features (e.g., handedness, vocalizations, form and function of gesture) were recorded for a total observation time of 100 hours. Results revealed that the vast majority of pointing gestures were right-handed and accompanied by vocalizations, emphasizing the tight interconnection between speech and gesture from an early stage of development. Whole-hand gestures were more frequently used in imperative contexts, whereas index extensions were more frequently produced in declarative ones. Moreover, the use of declarative gestures and index extensions were found to increase with age. Implications concerning the origins of imperative and declarative pointing are discussed.