Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fault Diagnosis of Gear Pitting Based on Dynamic Strain Measurements from Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors

With the advance of drive-trains, it is more and more important to monitor the running state of the equipment and diagnose the faults at their early stages. The vibration methods are popular to be used to monitor the running state of the gearbox, however the complex transfer path usually degrade the SNR of the vibration measurements that causes the weak fault signal difficult to be recognized. To address this issue, the sensor is preferred to mount close to the gear teeth meshing position as near as possible. A fiber Bragg grating can be employed as the strain sensor with advantages of its small size and corrosion resistance, which is capable to work in a harsh environment Moreover, a number of fiber Bragg grating based measuring points can be made on one optical fiber with the wavelength division multiplexing array. In this work, the fiber Bragg gratings were studied to install along the base circle of a gear directly approaching to the meshing position, which demonstrates their potential to capture the characteristics of root strain during the meshing process. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel method for gear pitting fault diagnosis based on Fiber Bragg grating strain sensors to process the strain measurements. The algorithm employs a normalization and cross-correlation process to filter out the disturbance caused by load or speed fluctuations whilst improving the effectiveness of the fault detection based on strain measurements.
Evaluating The Preliminary Models to Identify Fake News on COVID-19 Tweets

The spread propagation of fake news about COVID-19 can make it distressing to handle the pandemic situation. Identifying the fake and real news on social media needs to be done as quickly as possible to prevent chaos in the community and hampering the handling of COVID-19. In this study, we conducted some experiments to get a model that works well for classifying information into fake or real news using tweet data. We implemented two different ways to represent data to train machine learning classifier models, syntactic-based using Bag-of-Words and TF-IDF, and semantic-based using Word2Vec and FastText. We evaluated each model produced by the training process using two types of testing data. The results show that The Linear Support Vector Machine model using TF-IDF obtained the best F1-Score value in both testing data. The model obtained F1-Score 92.21% in Testing Data 1 and 93.33% in Testing Data 2.
SecuCheck: Engineering configurable taint analysis for software developers

Due to its ability to detect many frequently occurring security vulnerabilities, taint analysis is one of the core static analyses used by many static application security testing (SAST) tools. Previous studies have identified issues that software developers face with SAST tools. This paper reports on our experience in building a configurable taint analysis tool, named SecuCheck, that runs in multiple integrated development environments. SecuCheck is built on top of multiple existing components and comes with a Java-internal domain-specific language fluentTQL for specifying taint-flows, designed for software developers. We evaluate the applicability of SecuCheck in detecting eleven taint-style vulnerabilities in microbench programs and three real-world Java applications with known vulnerabilities. Empirically, we identify factors that impact the runtime of SecuCheck.
Blogs of Their Own: A Story of Two Malaysian Women Bloggers

Over the last few years, with the introduction of easy-to-use and integrated services such as Windows Live Spaces, blogging has moved into the mainstream in Malaysia, with women making up 64% of bloggers. Blogging has become popular because it provides an outlet for netizens who find blogosphere a liberating place, so unlike Malaysian traditional print which is censored and licensed. This article is an analysis of two blogs written by Malaysian women that show them negotiating in contradictory ways the line between the private and public dimensions of their lives. The idea that the “personal is political” and the importance of experience still retain an important place in feminist contemporary thought. I argue that many seemingly “trivial and personal” issues have produced a politics formed from the bloggers‟ personal experiences and reflections.
A First Look at Accessibility Issues in Popular GitHub Projects

Accessibility design elements allow people to access software products and services independent of their different abilities. However, accessibility is challenging to handle and whether accessibility is widely considered in software projects is unclear. In this work, we aim to understand if accessibility is a prevalent consideration in practice, what accessibility issues are discussed in GitHub projects, what potential reasons cause accessibility issues, and what solutions (e.g., tools and standards) are applied for addressing accessibility issues. In this work, we collect 11,820 accessibility issues and their threads discussed by developers in popular GitHub projects. We manually analyzed and grouped the collected accessibility issues into seven categories. The results of our study uncover that accessibility is widely discussed in general projects, and the potential reasons that cause accessibility issues are because developers are not aware of the importance of accessibility and they lack knowledge about accessibility concerns, standards, and existing tools. Our results and findings can enhance and improve developers' knowledge and awareness when they conduct accessibility-relevant design or incorporate accessibility elements into their projects.
A Novel Reliability Index Based Approach for EV Charging Station Allocation in Distribution System

Large-scale deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) is deleterious for distribution system operations. Unplanned installation of EV charging station (EVCS) deteriorates the voltage stability, reliability, and power quality of the distribution system leading to customer discontentment. This article proposes a novel approach for the proper placement of EVCS in a distribution network maintaining the system performance. The design of a test station with vehicle-to-grid (V2G) capability is outlined in this work. The test station is developed with five charging columns taking into consideration the standards and guidelines outlined in the Government of India EV policy. The charging station is connected to the power grid by a dc bus to which numerous EVs are attached. EVCS placement in the IEEE-33 bus radial distribution system is performed by developing six test scenarios. The test case results substantiate the potency of the reliability-index based approach for allocating EVCS both slow and fast chargers in a distribution network. Further, the maximal threshold value for placing the EVCS in various buses in a distribution system is determined using a novel electric vehicle placement index (EVPI). The novelty of the approach lies in the fact that it can include all operational parameters influenced owing to EV deployment, thereby maintaining the overall system performance without any physical restructuring of the network. The efficacy of the approach and the severity level of EVCS placement are validated for a real-time distribution system in Kerala, India.
Self-Organizing Wireless Sensor Networks For Inter-Vehicle Communication

Now a day, one of the most attractive research topics in the area of Intelligent Traffic Control is Inter-vehicle communication (V2V communication). In V2V communication, a vehicle can communicate to its neighbouring vehicles even in the absence of a central Base Station. The concept of this direct communication is to send vehicle safety messages one-to-one or one-to- many vehicles via wireless connection. Such messages are usually short in length and have very short lifetime in which they must reach the destination. The Inter-vehicle communication system is an ad-hoc network with high mobility and changing number of nodes, where mobile nodes dynamically create temporary sensor networks and transferring messages from one network to others by using multiple hops due to limitation of short range. The goal of the project is to investigate some basic research questions in order to organize such sensor networks and at the same time highlight the appropriate routing protocol that support mobile ad hoc networks in an efficient and reliable manner. In our investigation, we have answered the technical issues in order to construct a V2V communication system. We have also studied some mobile ad hoc network routing protocols in detail and then selected the DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) for our V2V communication and then simulated it according to our system requirements. We are quite satisfied by the result of DSR, but at the same time much more work is required to come up with an absolute application for the end user.
A Head-Mounted Microphone Array for Binaural Rendering

We recently presented a method for obtaining a spherical harmonic representation of a sound field based on microphones along the equator of a rigid spherical object that ideally has a size similar to that of a human head. We refer to this setup as an equatorial microphone array. Even more recently, we presented an extension of this method that allows for employing a scattering object that is approximately spherical such as a human head. The present paper provides an overview as well as a juxtaposition of the two solutions. We present an instrumental evaluation based on the application of binaural rendering of the captured sound fields by analysing simulated binaural transfer functions of both methods for a variety of scenarios.
Environmental Effects in Pavement Mix and Structural Design Systems

It is well documented that environmental effects play a significant role in characterizing the material properties, which in turn affect the pavement performance. Studies under the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) were carried out to study the age hardening characteristics of asphalt binders and mixes. As a result of this study, laboratory procedures American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, provisional protocols (AASHTO PP1-98 and PP2-99) were developed to study the hardening potential of asphalt binders and mixes. The approaches followed in these procedures are of great value for the ongoing research on pavement aging; however, due to the limited resources and time constraints under the SHRP program, these provisional procedures have certain limitations associated with them. Research study, National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) 9-23 was initiated to assess these limitations and if possible, enhance the predictive capabilities of these protocols. Binders and field cores were obtained from LTPP sections and other sites across the United States. Original, laboratory-aged, and field-aged binders were characterized. Based on the findings, an alternate procedure to the AASHTO PP1-98 protocol is suggested and presented. The alternate procedure includes field aging conditions and volumetric properties of the mix. The model developed was calibrated and validated using the data obtained from the field cores. Parametric analysis was performed on the final model to ascertain the practicality of the output. The assessment of the existing PP2-99 test protocol is also presented. Asphalt mix cores aged in the laboratory were tested for complex modulus. These modulus values were then compared to the modulus values of the field cores, the ages of which were known from the construction records. Due to the limited amount of data available, the PP2-99 protocol could not be improved.
HyperMixNet: Hyperspectral Image Reconstruction with Deep Mixed Network from a Snapshot Measurement

Many hyperspectral imaging systems resort to computational photography technique for capturing spectral information of the dynamic world in recent decades of years. Therein, Coded aperture snapshot spectral imaging encodes the 3D hyperspectral image as a 2D compressive image (snapshot) and then employs an inverse optimization algorithm embedded in the imaging system to reconstruct the underlying HSI. This study proposes a novel HyperMixNet to reconstruct an underlying HSI from the single snapshot image. Specifically, to reduce the size of the reconstruction model for being handy embedded in the real imaging system, we integrate the MixConv block instead of the conventional convolutional layers in our proposed HyperMixNet, which can not only greatly decrease the network parameter amount but also learn multi-level context for more representative feature extraction. Simultaneously, we employ a mixed spatial and spectral convolutional module to effectively learn the spatial structure and spectral attribute for more robust HSI reconstruction. We further design a mixed loss function for network training, which incorporates not only spatial fidelity but also spectral fidelity aiming at recovering the hyperspectral signature with small spectral distortion. Experimental results on three benchmark HSI datasets validate that our proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in quantitative values, visual effect, and reconstruction model scale.
Field evaluation of some insecticides and bio-pesticide against tur pod bug, Clavigralla gibbosa (Spinola) in long duration pigeonpea

The study was carried out to evaluate some insecticides against tur pod bug, Clavigralla gibbosa (Spinola) in long duration pigeonpea during kharif 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 at Agriculture Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. The results revealed that there was a significant difference in percentage population reduction at every observation days. The mean percentage population reduction from spinosad was ranged from 89.85% after first spray (2009-10) to 94.49% after first spray during 2010-2011. The relative performance of various insecticides was found in order of spinosad 45% SC at 73 g a.i./ha > indoxacarb 14.5 SC at 60 g a.i./ha > monocrotophos 36 SL > endosulfan 35 EC > dimethoate 30 EC > NSKE-5%. The highest pod damage by pod bug was recorded in the plot treated with B. bassiana at 1.5 kg/ha (14.23%) which is at par with NSKE-5% (14.21%). Highest incremental benefit: cost ratio of 13.23 was recorded in case of spinosad 45% SC followed by NSKE-5% (9.99:1) and indoxacarb 14.5% SC (9.48:1). The lowest benefit cost ratio (4.74:1) was recorded in Beauveria bassiana treated plot. It was in the range of 5.24 in dimethoate 30 EC to 8.40 in endosulfon 35 EC. Highest incremental benefit: Cost ratio of 13.23 was recorded in case of spinosad 45% SC followed by NSKE-5% (9.99:1) and indoxacarb 14.5% SC (9.48:1). The lowest benefit cost ratio (4.74:1) was recorded in Beauveria bassiana treated plot.
Into the Woods: Experiences from Building a Dataflow Analysis Framework for C/C++

While traditional static analysis—albeit its complexity—is a topic that is well understood, we especially struggle when it comes to implementing its concepts. Designing and modeling software that implements static analysis is a challenging task. However, developing usable static analysis implementations and providing toolboxes to researchers and practitioners is key to advance the overall progress in this field. This paper reports on the lessons learned from developing the PhASAR and Soot static data-flow analysis frameworks. We present some of the key mistakes of our first implementations of PhASAR and their corrections. From those corrections we distill guidelines that will be helpful to static analysis developers and their users. In our work, we identified modularity as the key guiding principle supported—directly or indirectly—by virtually all other guidelines.
Facets of Work: Enriching the Description, Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Systems in Organizations

This conceptual contribution introduces the idea of “facets of work” and explains how it can be applied to challenges in today’s IS discipline. The notion of facets of work emerged from earlier attempts to bring more knowledge and richer, more evocative ideas to systems analysis and design (SA&D). Focusing on facets of work when initially discussing requirements could provide guidance without jumping prematurely to details, precision, and formal notation needed for producing testable software. This paper defines facet of work, identifies underlying assumptions and criteria, and uses three examples to illustrate how 18 facets of work can illuminate different aspects of situations that are amenable to discussion as systems. Potential applications of facets of work include supporting SA&D, supporting empirical research, visualizing multiple aspects of digitalization, and identifying some of the knowledge in a body of knowledge for IS. Six lengthy tables in the Appendix identify concepts associated with each facet, evaluation criteria, design trade-offs, sub-facets, and other details that are potentially useful as the basis of tools, methods, and future research.
Study on Carrier Frequency Control of AC Servo System Based on SVPWM

In this paper, the synthesis principle and realization way of voltage space vector in three-phase AC servo systems base on SVPWM are analyzed firstly; After that, the constraint relation between carrier frequency and all factors of operation conditions, and the theoretical relation of system restrained under the condition of high carrier frequency and low carrier frequency are deduces; At last, a carrier frequency modulation scheme based on the theoretical relation to make carrier frequency change with operation conditions is proposed in order to take full advantage of power devices and improve system performance. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is feasible and effective.
Load Distribution and Shear Strength Evaluation of an Old Concrete T-Beam Bridge

There are about 330 T-beam bridges in the Australian state of Victoria that were built before 1950. Australia-wide there are nearly 1,000 of these early T-beam bridges. The shear capacity of these bridges, when assessed in accordance with current codes of practice, is in some cases not adequate for the current design loading. In 1996, VicRoads, the Victorian state road authority, initiated a project to enable a more accurate assessment of the shear capacity of these bridges to be made so that decisions on load rating or replacement could be made. An analysis of an existing reinforced concrete T-beam bridge that had been identified for a load test to failure was commissioned. The purpose of the analysis was to predict the load distribution behavior and the ultimate strength and to advise on the testing and monitoring program. After successful load testing of the bridge, a comprehensive analysis of the observed behavior was carried out and compared with the theoretical models. The pre-and posttesting analysis, which was undertaken with linear and nonlinear finite element analysis and with the modified compression field theory, are described and the analysis results are compared with the real behavior of the tested bridge. In particular, the load distribution in the elastic range and the ultimate shear strength of the reinforced concrete T-beams are discussed. The consequences of these findings on the load rating procedures are discussed, and a strategy for rating old reinforced concrete T-beam bridges is outlined.
Leveraging Unsupervised Learning to Summarize APIs Discussed in Stack Overflow

Automated source code summarization is a task that generates summarized information about the purpose, usage, and–or implementation of methods and classes to support understanding of these code entities. Multiple approaches and techniques have been proposed for supervised and unsupervised learning in code summarization, however, they were mostly focused on generating a summary for a piece of code. In addition, very few works have leveraged unofficial documentation.This paper proposes an automatic and novel approach for summarizing Android API methods discussed in Stack Overflow that we consider as unofficial documentation in this research. Our approach takes the API method’s name as an input and generates a natural language summary based on Stack Overflow discussions of that API method. We have conducted a survey that involves 16 Android developers to evaluate the quality of our automatically generated summaries and compare them with the official Android documentation.Our results demonstrate that while developers find the official documentation more useful in general, the generated summaries are also competitive, in particular for offering implementation details, and can be used as a complementary source for guiding developers in software development and maintenance tasks.
Analysis of Arabidopsis Root Images — Studies on CNNs and Skeleton-Based Root Topology

Roots and their temporal development play an important role in plant research. Over the decades image-based monitoring of root growth has become a key methodology in this research field. The growing amount of image data is often tackled with automatic image analysis approaches. In particular convolutional neural networks (CNNs) recently gained increasing interest for root segmentation. This segmentation of roots is usually only the first step of an analysis pipeline and needs to be supplemented by topological reconstruction of the complete root system architecture.In this paper we present a comprehensive study of different CNN architectures, loss functions and parameter settings for root image segmentation. In addition, we show how main and lateral roots can be identified based on the skeletons of segmented root components as a first step towards topological reconstruction of root system architecture. We present quantitative and qualitative results on data released in the course of the CVPPA Arabidopsis Root Segmentation Challenge 2021.
Predictive compensation of dead time effects in VSI feeding induction motors

A predictive algorithm is presented in the paper, which allows the compensation of the dead time effects in a voltage source inverter feeding an induction motor, with space vector PWM. It is based on the modification of the reference space vector of the feeding voltage according to a step-by-step analytical prediction of the stator phase currents. In this way the effects of the dead time can be taken into account and compensated. The validity and feasibility of the proposed algorithm are confirmed by simulation and proved by experimental implementation.
Structural impedance based damage diagnosis by piezo‐transducers

Although structural mechanical impedance is a direct representation of the structural parameters, its measurement is difficult at high frequencies owing to practical considerations. This paper presents a new method of damage diagnosis by means of changes in the structural mechanical impedance at high frequencies. The mechanical impedance is extracted from the electro‐mechanical admittance signatures of piezoelectric‐ceramic (PZT) patches surface bonded to the structure using the electro‐mechanical impedance (EMI) technique. The main feature of the newly developed approach is that both the real as well as the imaginary component of the admittance signature is used in damage quantification. A complex damage metric is proposed to quantify damage parametrically based on the extracted structural parameters, i.e. the equivalent single degree of freedom (SDOF) stiffness, the mass, and the damping associated with the drive point of the PZT patch. The proposed scheme eliminates the need for any a priori information about the phenomenological nature of the structure or any ‘model’ of the structural system. As proof of concept, the paper reports a damage diagnosis study conducted on a model reinforced concrete (RC) frame subjected to base vibrations on a shaking table. The proposed methodology was found to perform better than the existing damage quantification approaches, i.e. the low‐frequency vibration methods as well as the traditional raw‐signature based damage quantification in the EMI technique. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.