Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical processes, their life and their history

A BSTRACT . Here, I lay the foundations of a high-level ontology of particulars whose structuring principles differ radically from the 'continuant' vs. 'occurrent' distinction traditionally adopted in applied ontology. These principles are derived from a new analysis of the ontology of “occurring” or “happening” entities. Firstly, my analysis integrates recent work on the ontology of processes , which brings them closer to objects in their mode of existence and persistence by assimilating them to continuant particulars. Secondly, my analysis distinguishes clearly between processes and events , in order to make the latter abstract objects of thought (alongside propositions ). Lastly, I open my ontological inventory to properties and facts , the existence of which is commonly admitted. By giving specific roles to these primitives, the framework allows one to account for static and dynamic aspects of the physical world and for the way that subjects conceive its history: facts account for the life of substances ( physical objects and processes ), whereas events enable cognitive subjects to account for the life story of substances.
Research on Panoramic Sea-sky line Extraction Algorithm

Small targets detection is one of the key technical problems in these fields such as maritime surveillance and disaster rescue. In order to find the target as early as possible, the small target detection algorithm based on sea-sky line extraction is generally adopted, and the accurate extraction of the sea-sky line becomes the basis of the small target detection in the maritime. For the panoramic sea images acquired by the catadioptric panoramic vision system, the sea-sky line extraction algorithm is studied in this paper. The specificity of panoramic vision system creating images makes sea-sky line in a panoramic image an approximate circle. A detection algorithm based on gradient direction is proposed to extract accurately the circular sea-sky line. Experimental results show the efficiency and superiority of the proposed method in this paper.
Stretching Red Blood Cells with Optical Tweezers

In this work we report on experiments to measure the deformability of red blood cells (RBCs) when subject to stretching with optical tweezers. Individual red blood cells are trapped directly in a dual optical tweezers, and subject to a stretching protocol that is the same for all cells under test. Differences in the resulting extension are therefore indicative of differences in cell deformability. The targets for investigation are RBCs taken from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who exhibit diabetic retinopathy (DR), and from patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy (BCR). We find a statistically significant change in deformability for RBCs from DR patients compared to a control group, but no significant change for BCR patients. These results offer support to the importance of the role of RBC biomechanical properties in the progress of these conditions.
Improving school outcomes for children affected by parental HIV/AIDS: Evaluation of the ChildCARE Intervention at 6-, 12-, and 18-months

Children affected by parental HIV/AIDS are at-risk for poor school outcomes including reduced attendance, lower grades, and lower school satisfaction compared to unaffected peers. Resilience-based interventions offer promise to improve functioning across a number of domains. A four-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted with 790 children affected by parental HIV/AIDS in rural, central China to examine the effects of a multi-level, resilience-based intervention (i.e., ChildCARE) on school outcomes. Child and caregiver dyads were randomized to a control group, child-only intervention, child + caregiver intervention, or child + caregiver + community intervention. School outcomes at 6-, 12-, and 18-months suggest that participation in the ChildCARE program yielded improvements in academic performance, school satisfaction, and school interest. Opportunities for school psychologists to engage in psychosocial and educational intervention for children impacted by HIV/AIDS are discussed.
Population trends of waders on their boreal and arctic breeding grounds in northern Europe

1Department of Biology, Biodiversity Unit, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden 2Section of Science, Nord University, Røstad, NO-7600 Levanger, Norway 3BirdLife Norway, Sandgata 30 B, NO-7012 Trondheim, Norway 4Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 5685 Torgarden, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway 5Finnish Museum of Natural History, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland *Corresponding author: ake.lindstrom@biol.lu. se
Optimal Channel Equalizer for mmWave Massive MIMO Using 1-bit ADCs in Frequency-Selective Channels

Millimeter wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input and multiple-output (mMIMO) is a key technology for increasing the capacity of the future wireless communication systems. However, high-resolution ADCs are costly and infeasible for mmWave mMIMO systems due to high power consumption. Hence, there is a lot of interest in low-resolution ADCs including ultra-low-precision 1-bit ADCs. Such ADCs can be implemented with very low power consumption and hardware cost. However, new channel equalization algorithms are required to compensate the severe nonlinear distortion caused by such low-resolution ADCs. In this work, we analytically derive the maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) channel equalizer for MIMO systems in frequency-selective fading channels using 1-bit ADCs.
Transient stability improvement by FACTS devices: A Comparison between STATCOM and SSSC in an extra high voltage transmission system

Loss of 500 kV A–B transmission line causes voltage instability in surrounding subsystem. This condition may cause further disturbance in the whole interconnected system. Improvement of voltage stability can be handled by adding FACTS devices, such as Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) and Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM). SSSC and STATCOM have the capability of dynamically controlling the power flow through a line. This paper aims to compare the performance of both devices to increase system stability. These methods are compared by analyzing the bus voltage, active power in line and rotor angle. As a result, this paper shows that the implementation of STATCOM is more stable in state of SSSC.
Hyperbolic Cell-centered Finite Volume Method for Obtaining Potential Magnetic Field Solutions

A hyperbolic cell-centered finite volume solver (HCCFVS) is proposed to obtain the potential magnetic field solutions prescribed by the solar observed magnetograms. By introducing solution gradients as additional unknowns and adding a pseudo-time derivative, HCCFVS transforms the second-order Poisson equation into an equivalent first-order pseudo-time-dependent hyperbolic system. Thus, instead of directly solving the Poisson equation, HCCFVS obtains the solution to the Poisson equation by achieving the steady-state solution to this first-order hyperbolic system. The code is established in Fortran 90 with Message Passing Interface parallelization. To preliminarily demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the code, two test cases with exact solutions are first performed. The numerical results show its second-order convergence. Then, the code is applied to numerically solve the solar potential magnetic field problem. The solutions demonstrate the capability of HCCFVS to adequately handle the solar potential field problem, and thus it can provide a promising method of solving the same problem, except for the spherical harmonic expansion and the iterative finite difference method. Finally, by using the potential magnetic fields from HCCFVS and the spherical harmonic expansion as initial inputs, we make a comparative study on the steady-state solar corona in Carrington rotation 2098 to reaffirm the HCCFVS’s performance. Both simulations show that their modeled results are similar and capture the large-scale solar coronal structures. The average relative divergence errors, controlled by solving the Poisson equation in the projection method with HCCFVS for both simulations, are kept at an acceptable level.
File Change Semantics and the Familiarity Theory of Definiteness

This has been labeled the ``familiarity theory of definiteness. '' When confronted with (1), the logically minded semanticist will notice immediately that it presumes something very objectionable: that definites and indefinites are referring expressions. For only if there is a referent at all can there be any question of its familiarity or novelty. Advocates of (1) cannot happily admit that there are nonreferring uses of definites or indefinites (or both), because that would be tantamount to admitting that their theory leaves the definite-indefinite-contrast in a significant subset of NP uses unaccounted for. But the existence of nonreferential uses of definite and indefinite NPs can hardly be denied, and I will take it for granted without repeating the familiar arguments. Just think of examples like (2) and (3).
Three-dimensional thermo-electro-mechanical buckling analysis of functionally graded piezoelectric micro/nano-shells based on modified couple stress theory considering thickness stretching effect

Abstract The present work uses a new three-dimensional framework for thermo-electro-mechanical buckling analysis of functionally graded piezoelectric cylindrical nano/micro-shells subjected to axial mechanical compression, an external applied voltage and uniform temperature rising. To account thickness stretching effect, three-dimensional shear and normal deformation theory is employed. Size dependency is modeled based on modified couple stress theory. Principle of virtual work is used to derive governing equations. The solution procedure is developed based on Navier’s technique for simply-supported boundary conditions. The importance of the present new framework is justified through comparison between present results and corresponding previous lower-order analysis. The full numerical results are presented in terms of significant parameters of the problem such as some dimensionless geometric parameters, temperature change, dimensionless length scale parameter and applied voltages.
Diagnostics of life support systems with limited statistical data on failures

The authors suggest an approach to determine the technical conditions of life support systems of public buildings in conditions of significant uncertainty of statistical information on failures. To improve the re1iabi1ity and increase the resources of life support systems, maintenance and repair strategies are proposed according to the actual state, which implies the availability of objective diagnostic information. The essence of methods for constructing images of system failures based on training procedures is revealed, the latter being founded on the theory of nonparametric statistical analysis. The image is understood as a formalized description of the failure as an element of the system diagnosis model. The solution of image synthesis problem is given when the orthogonal trigonometric basis is applied in the recurrent relations implementing the learning process. The specific case assumes the existence of data on ranges of diagnostic parameter change at all failures of the investigated object. A modification of the training procedure is performed to build images of failures of life support systems of the latest generation when it is possible to find the ranges of changes in diagnostic parameters only in operational state. The modification consists of the formation and application of an orthonormal binary basis in recurrent relations. There is an example of image constructing of one of the ventilation and air conditioning system failures of a public building on the basis of a modified training procedure.
Controllable fabrication of Ag-NP-decorated porous ZnO nanosheet arrays with superhydrophobic properties for high performance SERS detection of explosives

An efficient hydrophobic condensation surface was developed and used as an ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor. The sensors were based on ZnO–Ag hybrid mesoporous nanosheets (MNSs) grafted on ordered Si micropillar arrays for detection of explosives. The hybrid SERS substrates were prepared via three steps: first, the ZnO seeds were precoated onto highly ordered Si micropillar arrays through atomic layer deposition; second, porous ZnO nanosheet arrays were grown based on ZnO seeds via chemical bath deposition by a secondary solvent addition method. Finally, ion-sputtering of Ag-nanoparticles (NPs) onto the ZnO MNSs was performed. Because the ordered Si micropillar arrays with a high aspect ratio provided 3D framework structures, the 3D ZnO MNSs of the Si pillar also generated three types of SERS active “hot spots”. And the excellent SERS effect induced by the three different “hot spots” from 3D structures was further theoretically confirmed by simulating the electromagnetic field distributions. What's really interesting was that the prepared substrates showed superhydrophobicity. Based on the hydrophobic condensation strategy, hazardous explosives of NTO, FOX-7 were label-free detected in real samples like tap water and river water. And these samples, which were spiked with nitrophenylamine explosive TNT, were also selectively detected by secondary solvent addition under the 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP)-modified superhydrophobic surface. Because the electronic transfer compensation effect of the hybrids ensured the stability of substrates, ZnO–Ag MNS hybrid substrates could be used for ultrasensitive detection of explosives after being stored for 49 days. Therefore, these effective SERS substrates demonstrated a promising application in forensic science and homeland security.
Analysis and Modeling of a New Coupled-Inductor Buck–Boost DC–DC Converter for Renewable Energy Applications

A new coupled-inductor buck–boost converter (CIBuBoC) is proposed in this article. In the proposed CIBuBoC, an ultra-high step-up/step-down voltage conversion ratio and step-up/step-down boundary adjustment are achieved compared to the other related buck–boost converters using two power switches with simultaneous operation along with a coupled inductor. This circuit has a simple structure with two cascade semistage and some features including ultra-extended output voltage, continuous input current with low ripple, positive polarity of the output voltage, and common ground. These features make the CIBuBoC more suitable for many applications such as photovoltaic systems. Moreover, the voltage stress across each power switch is much lower than the other buck–boost converters, which led to power mosfets selection with lower drain-source on-resistance (Rds). Therefore, the proposed converter has also enough high efficiency. All steady-state and stress analysis, and also, comparisons with other related converters in continuous conduction mode are provided in detail. Also, using the state-space averaging technique, the low-frequency behavior of the proposed CIBuBoC is studied completely. Experimental results of a 100-W step-up 30–200 V and a 35-W step-down 30–22 V confirm the theoretical advantages of the proposed circuit.
Massive windborne migration of Sahelian insects: Diversity, seasonality, altitude, and direction

Knowledge on long-distance migration of insects is especially important for food security, public health, and conservation–issues that are especially significant in Africa. During the wet season, the Sahel nourishes diverse life forms which are soon purged by the long dry season. Windborne migration is a key strategy enabling exploitation of such ephemeral havens. However, our knowledge of these large-scale movements remains sparse due to the virtual invisibility of insects flying at altitude. In this first cross-season investigation (3 years) of the aerial insect fauna over Africa, we sampled crepuscular and nocturnal insects flying 40–290 m above ground in four Sahelian villages in Mali, using sticky nets mounted on tethered helium-filled balloons. Nearly half a million insects were caught, representing at least thirteen insect orders following preliminary sorting of the collections. At least 100 insect families were determined to have been captured at altitude in samples collected on 222 nets, obtained in 125 collections over 96 nights. Control nets (raised momentarily to >40 m during system launch and retrieval) confirmed that the insects were captured at altitude, not near the ground. Thirteen ecologically and phylogenetically diverse species were studied in detail. The flight activity of all species peaked during the wet season every year across localities up to ~100 km apart, and occurred over multiple nights, suggesting regular migrations. Species differed in flight altitude, seasonality, and correlations with aerial temperatures, humidity, and wind speed. All taxa exhibited frequent migrations on southerly winds, accounting for the recolonization of the Sahel from southern source populations. “Return” southward movement at the end of the wet season occurred in most taxa but no selectivity for such winds was detected. Extrapolation of aerial density to estimate the seasonal number of migrants crossing Mali at latitude 14°N suggested numbers in the trillions, even for the modestly abundant taxa. Assuming 2–10 hours of flight, the nightly distances traversed exceed tens and even hundreds of kilometers. Two migration strategies were proposed: “residential Sahelian migration” and “round trip migration”. The unprecedented magnitude and diversity of long-range windborne insect migrations highlight the importance of this life strategy in their impact on Sahelian and neighboring ecosystems.
Audio-Textual Emotion Recognition Based on Improved Neural Networks

With the rapid development in social media, single-modal emotion recognition is hard to satisfy the demands of the current emotional recognition system. Aiming to optimize the performance of the emotional recognition system, a multimodal emotion recognition model from speech and text was proposed in this paper. Considering the complementarity between different modes, CNN (convolutional neural network) and LSTM (long short-term memory) were combined in a form of binary channels to learn acoustic emotion features; meanwhile, an effective Bi-LSTM (bidirectional long short-term memory) network was resorted to capture the textual features. Furthermore, we applied a deep neural network to learn and classify the fusion features. The final emotional state was determined by the output of both speech and text emotion analysis. Finally, the multimodal fusion experiments were carried out to validate the proposed model on the IEMOCAP database. In comparison with the single modal, the overall recognition accuracy of text increased 6.70%, and that of speech emotion recognition soared 13.85%. Experimental results show that the recognition accuracy of our multimodal is higher than that of the single modal and outperforms other published multimodal models on the test datasets.
Comparison of the Effects of Relaxation and Vitamin B6 on Emotional and Physical Symptoms in Premenstrual Syndrome

Background:Â Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is consisted of multiple psychological and emotional symptoms. This disorder possesses adverse effects on womenâ�� economic, social, familial and professional issues, therefore various medical therapies have been suggested, thus all have own side effects. Aim: To compare the effects of relaxation and vitamin B6 on emotional and physical symptoms of PMS. Method: This is a randomized clinical trial study with pre- and post-test design. The study was conducted on 150 girls living in public dormitory whom were randomly divided into three groups. The relaxation group trained in two sessions and then one week before menstruation, the taught techniques were carried out on a daily basis. The second group received 80mg vitamin B6 tablets QD for one week before menstruation and then three times a week for one cycle. The third group received no intervention as control group. Each day, data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and where analyzed using SPSS version 14 with paired T and ANOVA tests. Results: The mean age of the participants was 20. 6Â±1.5 and their average weight was 54. 1Â± 6.6. The mean scores of psychological symptoms after the interventionwere 1. 2Â± 0.2 in vitamin B6 group, 0.3Â± 0.7 in relaxation group, and 1.6 Â± 0.4 in the control group (p<0.001). Vitamin B6 and relaxation were both effective in reducing the psychological symptoms and this change was more prominent in the psychiatric symptoms in the relaxation group. The mean score of physical symptoms before the intervention, showed significant difference among the groups (p<0.01); and after the intervention it was 0. 8Â±0.2 in vitamin B6, 1.6Â±0.3 in the relaxation group, and 1. 0Â±0.5 in the control group (P<0.001). Paired t-test showed significant difference in the scores before and after the intervention, within the vitamin B6 group (p<0.001); just vitamin B6 was effective in reduction of the physical symptoms of PMS. Conclusion: Relaxation and vitamin B6 both are effective in reducing the psychological symptoms of PMS; but vitamin B6 is more efficient in alleviating of the physical symptoms compared with relaxation.
Weakly nonlinear analysis of viscous dissipation thermal instability in plane Poiseuille and plane Couette flows

The weakly nonlinear stability analysis of plane Poiseuille flow (PPF) and plane Couette flow (PCF) when viscous dissipation is taken into account is considered. The impermeable lower boundary is considered adiabatic, while the impermeable upper boundary is isothermal. The linear stability of this problem has been performed by Barletta and Nield (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 662, 2010, pp. 475–492) for PCF and by Barletta et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 681, 2011, pp. 499–514) for PPF. These authors found that longitudinal rolls are the preferred mode of convection and the onset of instability is described through the governing parameters $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}=Ge\;Pe^{2}$ and $Pr$, where $Ge$, $Pe$ and $Pr$ are respectively the Gebhart number, the Péclet number and the Prandtl number. The current study focuses on the near-threshold behaviour of longitudinal rolls by using a weakly nonlinear analysis. We determine numerically up to third order the coefficients of the Landau amplitude equation and investigate in detail the influences on bifurcation characteristics of the different nonlinearities present in the system. The results indicate that for both PPF and PCF configurations (i) the inertial terms have no influence on the nonlinear evolution of the disturbance amplitude (ii) the nonlinear thermal advection terms act in favour of pitchfork supercritical bifurcations and (iii) the nonlinearities associated with viscous dissipation promote subcritical bifurcations. The global impact of the different nonlinear contributions indicate that, independently of the Gebhart number, the bifurcation is subcritical if $Pr<0.25$ ($Pr<0.77$) for PPF (PCF). Otherwise, for higher Prandtl number, there exists a particular value of Gebhart number, $Ge^{\ast }$ such that the bifurcation is supercritical (subcritical) if $GeGe^{\ast }$). Finally, for both PPF and PCF, the amplitude analysis indicates that, in the supercritical bifurcation regime, the equilibrium amplitude decreases on increasing $Pr$ and a substantial enhancement (reduction) in heat transfer rate is found for small $Pr$ (moderate or large $Pr$).