Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variations in sugars and cyclitols during development and maturation of seeds of brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata Lam., Leguminosae)

Seeds of Caesalpinia echinata are tolerant to desiccation, keeping their viability up to 0.08 g H2O g-1 DM. When stored under laboratory conditions they lose their viability within one month, while under low temperatures germination ability is maintained during two years of storage. Here, we report on the variations of soluble carbohydrates, cyclitols and cyclitol galactosides in seeds of C. echinata during development and maturation, aiming for a better understanding of the involvement of these compounds in the maturation process and seed quality. Individual flowers were tagged on the day of anthesis and pods were collected directly from the branches from 32 to 59 d after anthesis (DAA). Seeds were also collected after shedding. The physiological maturity of C. echinata seeds occurred 60-65 DAA, immediately before shedding, when seeds had 0.43-0.67 g H2O g-1 DM. Soluble carbohydrates made up about 10% of the seed dry mass. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry allowed the identification and quantification of 12 soluble carbon compounds present in both the axis and cotyledons of developing C. echinata seeds. These included fructose, glucose, sucrose, raffinose, the cyclitols myo-inositol, D-chiro-inositol, D-pinitol, and the cyclitol galactosides, galacto-pinitol A, galacto-pinitol B and ciceritol. Sucrose was present in high proportions in both tissues during seed development. Traces of raffinose were also detected, mainly in immature seeds. D-chiro-inositol and myo-inositol were found in low amounts and pinitol transiently increased in both axis and cotyledons. Ciceritol, galacto-pinitol A and galacto-pinitol B accumulated from 40 DAA to the end of seed maturation, representing along with sucrose the major carbon reserves of C. echinata seeds. These results allowed us to conclude that variations in soluble carbon reserves of C. echinata seeds were related to the maturation process and seed quality.
Optimization of crankpin bearing lubrication under dynamic loading considering effect of micro asperity contact

Purpose To improve the lubrication and tribology performance (LTP) of the crankpin bearing, this paper aims to propose the optimization of the crankpin bearing parameters considering effect of the high-speed dynamic load and micro asperity contact. Design/methodology/approach A numerical simulation method combined by the slider-crank-mechanism dynamic and lubrication models is applied to solve the dynamic and lubrication equations of crankpin bearing. These equations are then computed via an algorithm program written in Matlab software. The contact force (Wac) in the asperity contact region, friction force (Ff) and friction coefficient (μ) of crankpin bearing are chosen as objective functions. The original parameters and experimental data of the engine are used for the simulation to enhance the reliability of the research results. The parameters are then optimized to obtain the minimum values of Wac, Ff and μ. Findings The research results show that the LTP is significantly improved with optimized parameters. Particularly, the maximum values of Wac and Ff are greatly decreased by 27 and 32%, respectively. Originality/value Reducing the width, radius and surface roughness and increasing the radial clearance of crankpin bearing can improve better the LTP. Peer review The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-02-2020-0072/
Age‐related movement patterns and population structuring in southern garfish, Hyporhamphus melanochir, inferred from otolith chemistry

The southern garfish, Hyporhamphus melanochir (Val.), is an important inshore fishery species in South Australia. Over the past few years there have been concerns with this fishery, which is now considered to be over-exploited. Currently, the fishery is assumed to consist of two separate stocks, but there is no understanding of movement patterns both within and between these two stocks to justify this assumption. Otolith chemistry was used to infer age-related patterns of movement, delineate potential sub-populations and determine the extent of mixing within South Australian coastal waters. Results indicated that the population structuring of garfish is more complex than previously assumed and it seems that stocks can be discriminated at a much finer spatial scale. Garfish collected from sites separated by <60 km displayed significantly different chemical signatures (relative concentrations of 7Li, 24Mg, 55Mn, 88Sr and 138Ba) in their otoliths, especially during their second year of growth, indicating that they had inhabited different water bodies. From a broader perspective, South Australian garfish can be partitioned into six regional components with various levels of inter-mixing. From these results, it was suggested that assessment and management of the fishery may have to be restructured to align with the smaller spatial units.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Activates p53 Gene Promoter Binding to the Nuclear Factor-κB Sequence in Human MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells

The aim of the present study was to provide new mechanistic insight into the growth arrest and apoptosis elicited by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma in breast cancer cells. We ascertained that PPARgamma mediates the inhibition of cycle progression in MCF7 cells exerted by the specific PPARgamma agonist rosiglitazone [BRL4653 (BRL)], because this response was no longer notable in the presence of the receptor antagonist GW9662. We also provided evidence that BRL is able to up-regulate mRNA and protein levels of the tumor suppressor gene p53 and its effector p21(WAF1/Cip1) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, in transfection experiments with deletion mutants of the p53 gene promoter, we documented that the nuclear factor-kappaB sequence is required for the transcriptional response to BRL. Interestingly, EMSA showed that PPARgamma binds directly to the nuclear factor-kappaB site located in the promoter region of p53, and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that BRL increases the recruitment of PPARgamma on the p53 promoter sequence. Next, both PPARgamma and p53 were involved in the cleavage of caspases-9 and DNA fragmentation induced by BRL, given that GW9662 and an expression vector for p53 antisense blunted these effects. Our findings provide evidence that the PPARgamma agonist BRL promotes the growth arrest and apoptosis in MCF7 cells, at least in part, through a cross talk between p53 and PPARgamma, which may be considered an additional target for novel therapeutic interventions in breast cancer patients.
Assessment of soil and soil-water salinity in Ben Tre province by electromagnetic technology

Assessment of soil and soil-water salinity is essential in agricultural production, therefore it is necessary to find out the non-costly, effective, rapid and reliable integrated methodology for this purpose. The paper presents the results of using the electromagnetic induction instrument EM31-MK2 in combination with collecting and analyzing soil and soil-water samples, and applying GIS and geostatistical techniques to assess the current status of soil and soil-water salinity in Ben Tre province. Apparent soil electrical conductivity ECa measured from ground surface to 6 m in depth increases from inland to the sea in northwest southeast direction; ECa is closely related to topsoil salinity to 30 cm deep and to soil-water salinity at depth of 10–100 cm. Current status of soil and soil-water salinity in 2018 was assessed with a 4fold increase in information, from 16 km 2 /data point to 4 km 2 /data point. Consequently four maps were established, consisting of electrical conductivity ECe and total solube salt TSS distributions of soil; electrical conductivity σw and total dissolved solid TDS distributions of soil-water.
Effect of Number of Marked Fish and Years of Repetition on Precision in Studies of Contribution to a Fishery

Methods are developed for predicting the expected precision for studies of the contribution of fish to a fishery, based upon the number of fish marked and the number of years an experiment is repeated. Studies concerned with estimating catch–release ratios, comparing catch–release ratios, and comparing distributions of catch are considered. It is suggested that releases of marked fish should be repeated for at least three or four broods, and often there is little advantage in releasing more than 50 000 marked fish per release group. Although we explicitly address studies of contribution to ocean fisheries, the methods apply directly to a broad range of studies involving marked fish, from evaluations of harvest rates on catchable-trout plants to estimates of catch–escapement ratios for Pacific salmon.Key words: precision, experimental design, number of fish to mark, number of years to release marked fish, catch–release ratios, distribution of catch
DEVELOPING AN INTEGRATED MODEL BY EMPLOYING LATENT DIRICHLET ALLOCATION (LDA) TO DETECT AND EXTERMINATE SOCIAL SPAM CAMPAIGN LINKED TO PHONE NUMBERS BASED APPROACH

The internet has changed our lives in ways unprecedented, social media being the biggest one of them. However, with the facilities social media provides, it is also a dream come true for spammers with malicious campaigns. People have misused these online social platforms to disseminate spam across the borders limiting their countries. In this research, we aim at identifying the spam campaigns (focusing on phone numbers) and their intensity on social media. The scope of this project is limited to three of the prevailing online social media platforms: Twitter, Tumblr, and Flickr. These platforms make up for a huge part of the spam being generated by spammers online. We start by collecting potentially spam posts from the three platforms. We collected a total of 18 million posts over a period of 4 months. We use regular expressions to prune the posts containing phone numbers. The country codes are used in detecting the potential location of origin of the post. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is used to perform topic modelling, which results in 11 of the most prominent categories in our procured dataset. LDA is a Bayesian model built based on the probabilistic graphical model (PGM) formalization and can be flexibly integrated into other Bayesian models [1]. Keywords related to each of these categories are identified. The posts are vectorized using Bag-of-words and Tf-idf approaches and Cosine Similarity is used as a measure for classification. An in-detail analysis is carried out on the classified data. A web portal is built on which a phone number can be input and the location of the spam campaign can be identified.
Different Fates of Two Mitochondrial Gene Spacers in Early Land Plant Evolution

Plant mitochondrial DNA is generally characterized by slow sequence drift but frequent genomic recombination. Accordingly, gene sequences in plant mitochondria are informative for old cladogenic events, whereas intergenic regions have so far not been considered for phylogenetic reconstruction because high recombinational activity rearranges mitochondrial gene orders too frequently. Here we report that an ancient gene continuity, the nad5‐nad4‐nad2 gene arrangement, is conserved among the bryophyte lineages: mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. The nad4‐nad2 spacer is surprisingly conserved at a size of only 26 bp in all three bryophyte lineages. In striking contrast, the small ancestral nad5‐nad4 spacer, of only 57 bp in the alga Chara, is significantly increased in size, to about 600 bp in mosses and 1000–1300 bp in liverworts, and even exceeds 3000 bp in hornworts. A large group II intron fragment and a nad6 pseudogene sequence, respectively, contribute to the expanded spacer sizes in liverworts and in hornworts. The small nad4‐nad2 intergenic region is retained in the lycophyte Isoetes lacustris, whereas no linkage between nad5 and nad4 could be detected in this quillwort. Given its size and sequence variability, the intergenic region between nad5 and nad4 holds promise as a locus for phylogenetic analyses within the bryophyte lineages.
Antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of the extracts from the seed coat of Bambara groundnut (Voandzeia subterranea)

Antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of extracts from Bambara groundnut seed coat, prepared using water, ethanol and acetone as the media at various temperatures (30, 60, 90 °C) were investigated. Extraction yields and phenolic contents of Bambara groundnut seed coat extracts (BGSEs) varied from 5.21 to 13.23% and from 169 to 569 mg GAE per g dry extract, respectively. BGSEs showed varying antioxidative activities including DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing antioxidant power and metal chelating activity, depending on extraction conditions (p < 0.05). Antioxidative activities of BGSE prepared using ethanol at 60 °C (BGSEE60) were stable in a wide pH range and with heat treatment. BGSEE60 exhibited antioxidative activities in the lecithin liposome system and steamed chicken mince as evidenced by the retarded formation of conjugated diene, peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (p < 0.05). Additionally, the BGSEE60 (2.5–30 mg ml−1) possessed antimicrobial activities against bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus), yeast (Candida albicans) and mold (Aspergillus niger), in a dose-dependent manner. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies also revealed the damage of microbial cells after being treated with BGSEE60. No cytotoxicity of BGSEE60 against the primate cell line (Vero) was observed. Therefore, extraction yields, total phenolic contents and antioxidative activities of BGSEs were governed by the extracting solvents and temperatures used. Additionally, BGSEs could be used as natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents without cytotoxicity.
Imaging of immune cell behavior and function in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

To visualize the entire process of encephalitogenic T cell infiltration into the target organ, we performed intravital imaging by using two‐photon microscopy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the animal model of multiple sclerosis. Intravital imaging documented that T cells first appear in the leptomeningeal blood vessels where they crawl in an integrin‐dependent manner and scan the intraluminal surface for extravasation sites. After diapedesis, the T cells continue to crawl on the abluminal surface, where they meet local antigen presenting cells (APC) that can provide stimuli to the T cells for the subsequent infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma. Although flow cytometric analysis documented that the infiltrated T cells upregulated their activation markers in the CNS meninges, it was unclear at which scanning step the activation occurred. We recently introduced two genetically encoded fluorescent T cell activation sensors for intravital imaging. The first is a fluorescent resonance energy transfer‐based Ca2+ sensor for the quantification of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, a major step in T cell receptor signaling. The second sensor is a truncated nuclear factor of activated T cells fused to green fluorescent protein, which subcellular localization corresponds to the T cell activation state. Introducing these sensors into the lymphocytes enables the visualization of the interactions of encephalitogenic T cells with different blood–brain barrier structures, and allows us to assess the functional aspect of these interactions directly in vivo. This model system can be further used to evaluate therapeutic compounds and to better understand the activities of T cells in vivo.
Review on Solar PV Application Oriented Multilevel Inverters

Multilevel inverter is one of the leading research topics over last decades and it has various applications in industries. Now days, more emphasis given on integration of renewable energy sources with convention sources to reduce the dependency on conventional sources as they face problem like environmental issues, nonavailability of fuel, etc. So, various multilevel inverter topologies, control techniques, applications in renewable energy sources and problem faced in power generation and solutions being developed for effective link between renewable energy sources and grid. This paper aim to review on some of the topologies, control technique which are developed recently.
Length-weight relationship and condition factor of Centropomus viridis (Actinopterygii: Perciforms: Centropomidae) in the north coast of Nayarit

This study poses two objectives: to determine whether the growth of females and males of the C. viridis is isometric, and whether the commercial fishing changes the condition of snook. The information regarding the length-weight relationship (LWR) is basic for the development of management strategies and conservation of the white snook. The length-weight relationship condition analysis is presented for the snook C. viridis fishery in the north coast of Nayarit. A non-experimental, longitudinal aleatory study was performed. Data was obtained during a six-year period (2010-2015). The weight, total length and sex of 2542 organisms were recorded. The LWR of males from 2010 to 2015 indicated negative allometric growth (p < 0.05), while the females indicated positive allometric growth (p < 0.05). However, the overall analysis LWR for males and females in the whole sampling period (2010-2015) showed negative allometric: b = 2.958 (p < 0.05) and r2 = 0.948. Regarding the analysis of condition, results indicated a value of Kn ≥ 1 in males; females presented a condition lower than 1, which indicated sex-change from male to female. In response to the fishing pressure, the C. viridis has readjusted year after year the minimum size of sex switching, generating slight variations of Kn in females of the C. viridis in the studied area.
Diets of the shrews Sorex araneus L. and Sorex minutus L. in Wytham grassland.

Animals were collected in an area known as Rough Common where thin soil covers the limestone cap of Wytham Hill and Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) is the dominant plant species. The area is divided by a road, one part bounded on the other sides by woodland and the second by a muddy cart track. The surrounding woodland is mixed deciduous with bramble (Rubus fruticosus agg.) hawthorn (Craetagus monogyna Jacq.), wild rose (Rosa sp. L.) and a few deciduous saplings forming a transition zone between it and the grassland. Bramble is also found in patches in the lower lying areas of the grassland and bracken (Pteridium aquilinum L.) on slight rises. The ground flora includes teasel
Algorithmic Efficiency of Stroke Gesture Recognizers: a Comparative Analysis

Gesture interaction is today recognized as a natural, intuitive way to execute commands of an interactive system. For this purpose, several stroke gesture recognizers become more efficient in recognizing end-user gestures from a training set. Although the rate algorithms propose their rates of return there is a deficiency in knowing which is the most recommended algorithm for its use. In the same way, the experiments known by the most successful algorithms have been carried out under different conditions, resulting in non-comparable results. To better understand their respective algorithmic efficiency, this paper compares the recognition rate, the error rate, and the recognition time of five reference stroke gesture recognition algorithms, i.e., $1, $P, $Q, ! FTL, and Penny Pincher, on three diverse gesture sets, i.e., NicIcon, HHReco , and Utopiano Alphabet, in a user-independent scenario. Similar conditions were applied to all algorithms, to be executed under the same characteristics. For the algorithms studied, the method agreed to evaluate the error rate and performance rate, as well as the execution time of each of these algorithms. A software testing environment was developed in JavaScript to perform the comparative analysis. The results of this analysis help recommending a recognizer where it turns out to be the most efficient. FTL (NLSD) is the best recognition rate and the most efficient algorithm for the HHreco and NicIcon datasets. However, Penny Pincher was the faster algorithm for HHreco datasets. Finally, $1 obtained the best recognition rate for the Utopiano Alphabet dataset.
Pre- and post-plant applications of copper-based compounds to control Erwinia soft rot of calla lilies

Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora is a plant pathogen responsible for producing soft rots in many vegetable and floricultural crops, particularly calla lilies, Zantedeschia spp. In this study, the efficacy of various copper-based compounds, such as Phyton-27, Champ 2, fixed copper, and analytical copper, was compared under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Copper-based compounds suppressed bacterial growth at various cupric ion concentrations in vitro, but the efficacy of some products was reduced by the presence of phosphate ions in fertilizer solutions used in commercial greenhouses. Under greenhouse conditions, the compounds were applied as a preplant or a postplant treatment to tubers of calla lilies. Postplant applications were made either as an overhead drench or through subirrigation, and the applications were carried out at different stages of plant development. Preplant application of Champ 2 or Phyton-27 did not reduce the number of diseased plants compared with the controls. In contrast, postplanting applications of Champ 2 or fixed copper were effective in reducing soft rot; however, these two compounds also reduced overall plant growth. Poor root development and reduced plant growth occurred when these products were applied during the early stages of plant development and when the products were applied overhead rather than through subirrigation.
Bamboo biochar-catalytic degradation of lignin under microwave heating

Abstract Lignin biochar-catalytic depolymerization using biochar Fe-600, Fe-800, Ni-600, Ni-800 catalysts under microwave-heating (180 °C for 30 min) was explored in an ethanol/formic acid (1:1) media. Non-catalyst depolymerization was also studied and compared with the biochar-catalysts results. Characteristics of the bio-char catalysts were analyze by BET, XRD, and FT-IR. GPC, FT-IR, and MALDI-TOF MS spectrometry were also used to characterize the depolymerization products. The experimental results showed that the SBET, Vt, and Vmec and average pore diameter of the biochars are considerably dependent on the preparation temperature and type of cation (Ni2+ or Fe3+). The maximum yield of bio-oil product was obtained as 85 wt% with the addition of biochar Ni-600 and the total amount of oligomers or monomers with a molecular weight of 164 to 446 reaches 80.4%.
Rain forests of the Ok Tedi headwaters, New Guinea: an ecological analysis.

The basin of the upper Ok Tedi rises from 500 to 2900 m and has been an isolated rain forested region of great antiquity. It is the wettest region within the southern mid-altitude fringe of New Guinea (>7000 mm of rainfall p.a.). There are 4 natural vegetation zones of which only Lower Montane Rain Forest is regularly inhabited and cultivated, though all zones are exploited for natural resources. The flora and fauna are rich and diverse. Heavy rainfall and persistent cloudiness compresses ecological zonation producing extremely diversified biota in a comparatively small area with high levels of locally endemic species. Although flora and fauna show moderate levels of similarity to other localities in eastern New Guinea, biogeographic relationship in many respects are more to the west. -from Authors