Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Architecture of Metabolism Maximizes Biosynthetic Diversity in the Largest Class of Fungi

Background Ecological diversity in fungi is largely defined by metabolic traits, including the ability to produce secondary or “specialized” metabolites (SMs) that mediate interactions with other organisms. Fungal SM pathways are frequently encoded in biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), which facilitate the identification and characterization of metabolic pathways. Variation in BGC composition reflects the diversity of their SM products. Recent studies have documented surprising diversity of BGC repertoires among isolates of the same fungal species, yet little is known about how this population-level variation is inherited across macroevolutionary timescales. Results Here, we applied a novel linkage-based algorithm to reveal previously unexplored dimensions of diversity in BGC composition, distribution, and repertoire across 101 species of Dothideomycetes, which are considered to be the most phylogenetically diverse class of fungi and are known to produce many SMs. We predicted both complementary and overlapping sets of clustered genes compared with existing methods and identified novel gene pairs that associate with known secondary metabolite genes. We found that variation in BGC repertoires is due to non-overlapping BGC combinations and that several BGCs have biased ecological distributions, consistent with niche-specific selection. We observed that total BGC diversity scales linearly with increasing repertoire size, suggesting that secondary metabolites have little structural redundancy in individual fungi. Conclusions We project that there is substantial unsampled BGC diversity across specific families of Dothideomycetes, which will provide a roadmap for future sampling efforts. Our approach and findings lend new insight into how BGC diversity is generated and maintained across an entire fungal taxonomic class.
The Predicted RNA-Binding Protein ETR-1/CELF1 Acts in Muscles To Regulate Neuroblast Migration in Caenorhabditis elegans

Neuroblast migration is a critical aspect of nervous system development (e.g., neural crest migration). In an unbiased forward genetic screen, we identified a novel player in neuroblast migration, the ETR-1/CELF1 RNA binding protein. CELF1 RNA binding proteins are involved in multiple aspects of RNA processing including alternative splicing, stability, and translation. We find that a specific mutation in alternatively-spliced exon 8 results in migration defects of the AQR and PQR neurons, and not the embryonic lethality and body wall muscle defects of complete knockdown of the locus. Surprisingly, ETR-1 was required in body wall muscle cells for AQR/PQR migration (i.e. it acts cell non-autonomously). Genetic interactions indicate that ETR-1 acts with Wnt signaling, either in the Wnt pathway or in a parallel pathway. Possibly, ETR-1 is involved in the production of a Wnt signal or a parallel signal by the body wall muscles that controls AQR and PQR neuronal migration. In humans, CELF1 is involved in a number of neuromuscular disorders. If the role of ETR-1/CELF1 is conserved, these disorders might also involve cell or neuronal migration. Finally, we describe a technique of amplicon sequencing to detect rare, cell-specific genome edits by CRISPR/Cas9 in vivo (CRISPR-seq) as an alternative to the T7E1 assay.
Political Marketing and Social Media in Greece of 2019

Social media is one of the new forms of communication with the public and their use has been extended to a political level. Their features, such as the ability to create dialogue, quick personalized contact, and better targeting have made them one of the main channels of communication for political and non political promotion purposes. Nowadays, their increasingly important role in elections is more than evident. On the one hand, political behavior is largely related to the influence of communication to refer to the exchange of messages between individuals or groups for the purpose of information transfer and mutual influence. On the other hand, at political level, political groups or candidates seek ways to communicate as effectively as possible with the public in order to cope with intense competition. In this context, social media tools are used in order to transmit information to the voters. In addition, in Greece, the influence of social media on political participation and political behavior has not been extensively researched. For this reason, this paper examines the influence of social media on political participation and behavior, using a questionnaire for the electoral period from 5 th May until 5 th June . The results shows that the interest of users of social media in politics is modest, despite the fact that politics are quite important to them, as well as the influence of promotional messages on users can be described as above average. Respondents believing that political promotional messages placed on social media can shape political reality.
A FOXO-dependent replication checkpoint restricts proliferation of damaged cells

DNA replication is challenged by numerous exogenous and endogenous factors that can interfere with the progression of replication forks. Stalling or slowing of the replication fork as a result of replication stress leads to formation of aberrant single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) stretches and potentially DNA double-stranded-breaks (DSBs). Accumulation of ssDNA activates the ATR-dependent DNA replication stress checkpoint response that slows progression from S/G2- to M-phase to protect genomic integrity (1). However, whether mild replication stress restricts proliferation remains controversial (2–6). Here we identify a novel cell cycle exit mechanism, that prevents S/G2 phase arrested cells from undergoing mitosis after exposure to mild replication stress through premature activation of the CDH1 bound Anaphase Promoting Complex / Cyclosome (APC/CCDH1). We find that replication stress causes a gradual decrease of the levels of the APC/CCDH1 inhibitor EMI1/FBXO5 through Forkhead Box O (FOXOs) mediated repression of its transcriptional regulator E2F1. By doing so, FOXOs limit the time during which the replication stress checkpoint is reversible, and thereby play an important role in maintaining genomic stability.
Using Design-Science Based Gamification to Improve Organizational Security Training and Compliance

ABSTRACT We conducted a design-science research project to improve an organization’s compound problems of (1) unsuccessful employee phishing prevention and (2) poorly received internal security training. To do so, we created a gamified security training system focusing on two factors: (1) enhancing intrinsic motivation through gamification and (2) improving security learning and efficacy. Our key theoretical contribution is proposing a recontextualized kernel theory from the hedonic-motivation system adoption model that can be used to assess employee security constructs along with their intrinsic motivations and coping for learning and compliance. A six-month field study with 420 participants shows that fulfilling users’ motivations and coping needs through gamified security training can result in statistically significant positive behavioral changes. We also provide a novel empirical demonstration of the conceptual importance of “appropriate challenge” in this context. We vet our work using the principles of proof-of-concept and proof-of-value, and we conclude with a research agenda that leads toward final proof-in-use.
The mitogenome of the California grunion (Leuresthes tenuis)

Abstract We report the complete mitogenome for the California grunion (Leuresthes tenuis), a beach-spawning silverside fish endemic to eastern Pacific coastal waters of California, USA and Baja California, Mexico. Approximately, 28,428 short reads from a shotgun gDNA library were mapped to a reference mitogenome of Menidia menidia. The resulting L. tenuis mitogenome is 16,719 bases in length. We further provide a Bayesian phylogenetic tree showing relationships among L. tenuis and other Atheriniform fishes.
Pengaruh Karakteristik Personal dan Faktor Situasional Dalam Penerimaan Perilaku Disfungsional Terhadap Kualitas Audit

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh karakteristik personal dan faktor situasional dalam penerimaan perilaku disfungsional terhadap kualitas audit. Populasinya adalah seluruh individu yang menjadi auditor publik di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dan Jawa Tengah dan sampel penelitian ada 300 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode random sampling. Analisis data digunakan The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dari paket software statistik AMOS dalam model dan pengkajian hipotesis. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa locus of control berpengaruh positif dan keinginan berhenti kerja berpengaruh positif terhadap perilaku disfungsional, kinerja berpengaruh negatif terhadap perilaku disfungsional. Gaya kepemimpinan berpengaruh negatif terhadap perilaku disfungsional. Locus of control berpengaruh positif terhadap kualitas audit, keinginan berhenti kerja tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas audit, kinerja berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kualitas audit, gaya kepemimpinan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas audit dan perilaku disfungsional berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kualitas audit.
An expert system as a clinical aid in the administration and dosage adjustment of some commonly prescribed therapeutic drugs and antibiotics

One area of medicine in which knowledge-based systems may improve day to day patient care is in the design of initial dosing regimens and dosage adjustment of certain drugs whose plasma levels correlate with their toxicity and/or efficacy. Since the general clinician is responsible for the appropriate administration of many of these drugs, a way must be found to enable these clinicians to rapidly determine the appropriate dose or dosage adjustment required to achieve the desired plasma concentration and thus the desired clinical effect. To obtain the best results, a good knowledge of pharmacokinetic principles is required as well as the facility to apply these principles easily and safely. In this study, the intention was to construct a knowledge-based system for the design of drug dosing regimens and to investigate issues relating to the design of such a system which will affect its' utility in general medicine. A mUltidisciplinary approach to the problem was adopted. A combination of standard pharmacokinetic modelling and artificial intelligence techniques was used to design a system suitable for use by the general physician. The approach was informed by ethnography with the design incorporating features seen as desirable by prospective users and a knowledge base with facts and rules related to the safe and effective use of the system. In addition, a more general method of pharmacokinetic parameter estimation than that employed in most current pharmacokinetic systems was investigated. In the clinical environment, there are a number of sources of error which may invalidate pharmacokinetic calculations. The most important of these being those associated with the incorrect preparation of doses and the recording of incorrect times of dosing and specimen collection. It was observed that current pharmacokinetic systems do not address these sources of error directly. A more general Bayesian approach which might be extended to incorporate these 'external' errors would be appropriate. The method investigated in the report is a Bayesian formulation of the Kalman filter. It was applied to the one and two compartment linear models and to the one compartment nonlinear model. These models being sufficient to cover the majority of drugs of interest in the general hospital setting. Kalman filtering is a general method for handling statespace models which gives optimal estimates of the current state of a dynamic system. It is commonly encountered in the field of control engineering but is also used in the analysis of time series. The method was shown to be adaptable in principle to pharmacokinetic parameter estimation and it is theoretically extendable to incorporate the external sources of error described above. The positive initial results presented in the report form the basis for ongoing research into the possible extension of the system and a formal assessment of user acceptance. rn
Difference in Injury of the Corticospinal Tract and Spinothalamic Tract in Patients with Putaminal Hemorrhage

Purpose: We investigated the difference in injury of the corticospinal tract (CST) and the spinothalamic tract (STT) in patients with putaminal hemorrhage, using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). Methods: Thirty one consecutive patients with PH and 34 control subjects were recruited for this study. DTT scanning was performed at early stage of PH (7-63 days), and the CST and STT were reconstructed using the Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Brain (FM-RIB) Software Library program. Injury of the CST and STT was defined in terms of the configuration or abnormal DTT parameters was more than 2 standard deviations lower than that of normal control subjects. Results: Among 31 patients, all 31 patients (100%) had injury of the CTS, whereas 25 patients (80.6%) had injury of the STT: the incidence of CST injury was significantly higher than that of STT (p<0.05). In detail, 20 (64.5%) of 31 patients showed a discontinuation of the CST in the affected hemisphere; in contrast, 14 patients (45.2%) of 31 patients showed a discontinuation of the STT in the affected hemisphere. Regarding the FA value, 6 (19.4%) of 31 patients and 2 (6.4%) of 31 patients were found to have injury in the CST and STT, respectively. In terms of the fiber number, the same injury incidence was observed in 11 patients (35.5%) in both the CST and STT. Conclusion: The greater vulnerability of the CST appears to be ascribed to the anatomical characteristics; the CST is located anteriorly to the center of the putamen compared with the STT.
Inclusion of Heat Transfer on Settling Behavior of Elliptical Particles: Immersed Boundary-Thermal Lattice Boltzmann Method

In this study, the hybrid immersed boundary-thermal lattice Boltzmann method was developed and applied to assess the inclusion of heat transfer in flows containing non-circular particles. The direct forcing/heating immersed boundary method was used for determining the hydrodynamic forces and energy exchange. A complementary method was also implemented to treat non-circularity. The accuracy of the computational model and the employed complementary method were properly validated. Two cases for the falling ellipse were considered. A set of comprehensive simulations were performed and the effects of geometry, Grashof number, repulsive force, and heat transfer were analyzed. The findings of this study would be useful for a better understanding of settling non-circular particles in a thermal field.
Analysis on Gel Electrophoresis in Biology

Gel electrophoresis is one of the basic methods used in modern biological laboratories to separate different compounds in a mixture. It is widely used in analyzing the amino acid sequence in proteins. In the following sections, we will discuss the principles of gel electrophoresis and the current challenges of this technology. Gel electrophoresis is used based on the size, mass, and charge of each particle while the movement of molecules depends on the potential differences in power supply and the channel through which the gel is formed. The composition, properties and indexes of the gel are introduced. The gels, nevertheless, have flaws for scientific studies. In this paper, the mechanism of gel electrophoresis and current challenges confronting it will be discussed as references for further improvement of this technology.
The effects of strain and composition on the conduction-band offset of direct band gap type-I GeSn/GeSnSi quantum dots for CMOS compatible mid-IR light source

A direct band gap type-I Ge0.75Sn0. 25/Ge0.682Sn0. 158Si0.16 QD heterostructure is proposed for mid-IR light sources. The effects of strain and composition are theoretically investigated to optimize the band offset of the direct band gap GeSn QDs. It is found that the introduction of tensile strain and Si incorporation in the barrier layers are effective to increase the band offset in the conduction band. Besides, the band offset is expected to increase with the increase of Sn composition in QDs and the size of QDs.
Complete mitochondrial genome of Tolypocladium sp. YFCC 1805002 isolated from Ophiocordyceps sinensis in Baima Snow Mountain, Southwestern China

Abstract Tolypocladium sp. YFCC 1805002, an undescribed species isolated from natural Ophiocordyces sinensis in Baima Snow Mountain, Deqin County of Yunnan in Southwestern China, was sequenced on the Illumina sequencing platform. The complete mitochondrial genome of this fungus is a circular molecule of 46,466 bp in length, and this value is higher than its two relatives T. inflatum and T. ophioglossoides. The circular mitogenome contains 15 protein-coding genes (PCGs), a set of 25 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and 2 ribosomal RNA (rns and rnl) genes. The 15 protein-coding genes are atp6, 8–9, cob, cox1–3, nad1–6, nad4L and rps3. The lengths of 25 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes are ranging from 71 to 87 bp, and the sizes of rns and rnl are 1554 bp and 5931 bp, respectively. The overall base composition is 38.3% A, 35.6% T, 11.6% C, 14.5% G, with a low GC content of 26.1%. Phylogenetic analysis inferred from concatenated protein-coding genes of 51 taxa shows that the new species Tolypocladium sp. YFCC 1805002 is closely related to T. inflatum in the family Ophiocordycipitaceae with high credible support by Bayesian inference posterior probabilities (BI-PP = 100%). This study would facilitate the future research of genetics, evolution and medicine of cordycipitoid fungi.
The Analysis of Application, Key Issues and the Future Development Trend of Blockchain Technology in the Insurance Industry

Blockchain, as an emerging technology, is essentially a shared database in which data or information is stored with features of “unforgeable”, “whole-process traceable”, “transparent” and “collective maintenance”. Based on these characteristics, blockchain technology has a broad prospect of application in the insurance industry because it has laid a solid foundation of “trust”, and created a reliable cooperation mechanism. At present, blockchain technology has been widely used in the fields of transportation, logistics, trade and charity. It has also attracted the attention of banking, insurance and other financial industries. The application of blockchain in other industries has been discussed in many other publications already, but it has not been systematically discussed in the insurance industry. This paper will make people have a deeper understanding of “blockchain + insurance” by introducing the basic concepts and technological advantages of blockchain technology, reviewing the researches and applications of blockchain by the insurance companies, and pointing out several key problems of applying blockchain technology to the insurance industry. Finally, the article will make predictions about the trend of development of applying blockchain technology in the insurance industry.
Nighttime O(1D) distributions in the mesopause region derived from SABER data

Abstract. In this study, the new source of O(1D) in the mesopause region due to the process OH(ν≥5)+O(3P)→OH(0≤ν′≤ν-5)+O(1D) is applied to SABER data to estimate the nighttime O(1D) distributions for the years 2003–2005. It is found that O(1D) evolutions in these years are very similar to each other. Depending on the month, monthly averaged O(1D) distributions show two to four maxima with values up to 340 cm−3 which are localized in height (at ∼92–96 km) and latitude (at ∼20–40 and ∼60–80∘ S, N). Annually averaged distributions in 2003–2005 have one weak maximum at ∼93 km and ∼65∘ S with values of 150–160 cm−3 and three pronounced maxima (with values up to 230 cm−3) at ∼95 km and ∼35∘ S, at ∼94 km and ∼40∘ N and at ∼93 km and ∼65–75∘ N, correspondingly. In general, there is slightly more O(1D) in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere. The obtained results are a useful data set for subsequent estimation of nighttime O(1D) influence on the chemistry of the mesopause region.
Composition dependence of hardness and elastic modulus of the cubic and hexagonal NbCo_2 Laves phase polytypes studied by nanoindentation

Regarding the effect of composition on the mechanical properties of intermetallic phases such as Laves phases, there is conflicting information in the literature. Some authors observed defect hardening when deviating from stoichiometric Laves phase composition, whereas others find defect softening. Here, we present a systematic investigation of the defect state, hardness, and elastic modulus of cubic and hexagonal NbCo_2 Laves phases as a function of crystal structure and composition. For this purpose, diffusion couples were prepared which exhibit diffusion layers of the cubic C15 and hexagonal C14 and C36 NbCo_2 Laves phases, with concentration gradients covering their entire homogeneity ranges from 24 to 37 at. % Nb. Direct observations of dislocations and stacking faults in the diffusion layers as a function of composition were performed by electron channeling contrast imaging, and the hardness and elastic modulus were probed in the diffusion layers along the concentration gradients by nanoindentation.
Efficacy and outcome of the polyacrylamide urethral bulking agent (Bulkamid®) in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in an Australian population.

Urethral bulking agents (UBA) are used primarily for the management of women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) who have failed or are unsuitable for more invasive and efficacious measures such as the mid urethral sling (MUS) [1]. Studies have demonstrated that a primary Bulkamid® injection can improve SUI in up to 66% of women at twelve months post injection[2]. These results can be long lasting, however the percentage of responders tends to reduce the further from the time of injection.
The Effects of Directors’ and Officers’ Liability Insurance on Key Auditing Matters

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of directors’ & officers’ (D&O) liability insurance on the number of key audit matters (KAMs) presented in the company’s financial statements, which are employed as a measure of the risk from the corporate governance of firms. Our empirical results show a significant positive relationship between the number of KAMs and the amount of D&O liability insurance. Our findings suggest that although D&O liability insurance may provide directors and supervisors with important protection, it may also lead to increased moral hazard. As a result, a relatively large number of KAMs are disclosed by the auditor in accordance with increased operating risk after the D&O liability insurance is purchased.