Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular and Energy Requirements of Parents Watching Their Child Compete: A Pilot Mixed-Methods Investigation

Purpose: Researchers have extensively documented the cardiovascular and metabolic demands for sports participation. To date, researchers have ignored the same requirements of competitor’s parents. Hence, our purpose was to document parent cardiovascular and metabolic responses to watching their child compete while also paying particular attention to their thoughts before and after the competition. Achievement Goal Theory (AGT) drove interpretation of parent thoughts. Materials: Parents wore a device, made by Firstbeat Technologies, which continuously monitored heart rate. The parents wore the device the night before the competition to be acclimated to the technology and during the event until later in the day. Parents also completed two open-ended questions, one before the tournament and one after the contest. Results: Before the contest, the dad expected that his son won the event (Croatian National Championships for juniors). Conversely, the mother’s expectations centered more on her son’s enjoyment and competing to the best of his abilities. Parents had differing cardiovascular and energy requirement responses to watching their son compete. In addition, post-competition reflections differed as the father expressed disappointment whereas the mother expressed sadness. Conclusions: The data presented are unique and a first in the sports literature. The parents varied in the intensity of their cardiovascular responses and calories burned while watching their son compete. The father’s cardiovascular response over the course of watching was that of an aerobic workout. Whether this pattern is unique or universal are a critical research question. Last, AGT appears relevant when assessing the parent’s expectations.
Attachable DC Coil Array for Improved Functional MRI at 7T

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) has long been concerned as an important part in cognitive control of neuroscience field. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been introduced as an effective neuroimaging technique to explore neural activity. However, images within PFC region are subject to susceptibility artifacts, which give rise to undesired image distortion and signal drop-out. In this work, we proposed a method of adding a static magnetic field with high-order spatial pattern for artifact correction. Based on that, a compact attachable 8-channel coil array was constructed. Two toroid chokes were optimized and connected to each coil loop to minimize radiofrequency coupling. To evaluate the array performance, bench measurements and MRI experiments over phantoms and a human subject at 7T were conducted. With the proposed array applied, only 0.3 MHz and 1 MHz frequency shift were introduced to the RF coil, and no apparent RF performance change was observed; the inhomogeneity was reduced by 15%∼24%; in fMRI images over the human subject, “notorious” artifacts within target region were relatively mitigated. The present setup offers a feasible means for practical artifact correction, which is promising for the research that focuses on PFC regions.
Satellite Observed Land Surface Greening in Summer Controlled by the Precipitation Frequency Rather Than Its Total Over Tibetan Plateau

Land surface greening has substantially changed the carbon sequestration and hydrological processes over Tibetan Plateau (TP). Previous studies have revealed that the increased total precipitation (Ptotal) is the main driver of the enhanced peak growth in TP. However, the role of precipitation pattern, especially the frequency of precipitation (Pfreq, number of rainy days [>0.1 mm]), has not been well analyzed. We used time series of satellite‐derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to investigate the effect of Pfreq in controlling the peak growth (the maximum of the NDVI [NDVImax]) of different vegetation types in TP for the period of 1982–2015. We found that the widespread greening trend with Ptotal disappeared when Pfreq was introduced as a controlling variable, and that Pfreq alone contributed more than Ptotal to the increase of NDVImax. The underlying mechanism for the higher contribution of Pfreq than Ptotal to NDVImax is that increased Pfreq significantly improved soil moisture, reduced daytime temperature while increased nighttime temperature, thereby alleviating summer drought. Our results highlight the importance of Pfreq in interpreting the variation of peak growth, and these effects might be better represented in ecosystem models by considering Pfreq rather than Ptotal alone with future climate change.
Modeling and Testing Autonomous and Shared Multimodal Mobility Services for Low-Density Rural Areas

Recent developments in transformative technologies hold the promise to provide holistic solutions for affordable transportation services to rural areas and thus greatly alleviate existing social inequality through efficient planning and management of complex transportation systems and systemwide interactions among multiple modes. To realize the promise, many challenging research questions need to be addressed, which often leads to computationally intractable, large-scale, dynamic/stochastic, discrete optimization models. This project proposes to address some of the challenges by building a series of holistic and tractable models on the design of mobility services, capacity planning, dynamic matching, and routing, as well as pricing. The proposed project is expected to create a new series of planning and management models that can support strategical and operational decisions for large-scale autonomous and shared mobility systems in rural areas. The planned case study and simulation for the Village of Rantoul, Illinois, will lay the foundation for future field implementation.
Simulation of Multiphase Fluid-Hammer Effects during Well Shut-In and

In this study, a transient multiphase simulator has been used to characterize the fluid-hammer effects of well shut-in and startup on the coupled subsurface and surface systems. The original work was performed by applying sensitivity analysis on a typical production system that includes well completion, wellbore, downhole equipment like packer etc., and the associated surface equipment like flowline, riser and valves. The data used in the study was taken from the published literature to summarize the general course of key factors that worsen the fluid-hammer effects. Fluid-hammer is also known as water hammer, a shock wave produced by the sudden stoppage or reduction in fluid flow. Field operations such as pressure transient analysis, facility maintenance and workover require well shut-in process. For a typical production system, the resulted sudden rises in pressure can be critical because it has direct impact on equipment including unsetting of packer and may also cause possible damages to instrumentations. This paper provides estimates of the typical ratio of transient shock in pressure and flowrate over pre-condition values, and the duration of such pressure shocks. It also proposes the best location of the shut-in valve and the length of flowline to reduce the fluid-hammer effects. This is a pioneering approach to integrate multiphase flow modeling of transient fluid-hammer effects, targeting flow assurance issues. This approach also can be applied to surface facility design and served as guidance in field operation to avoid hydrocarbon leaks.
Relationships between Milk and Blood Biochemical Parameters and Metabolic Status in Dairy Cows during Lactation

This study aimed to determine blood and milk metabolic parameters and their correlations for the purpose of evaluating metabolic status in dairy cows. Blood and milk samples were collected from 100 Holstein dairy cows during morning milking. The cows were allocated to four groups according to the production period, including cows in early (n = 18), full (n = 26), mid (n = 25) and late (n = 31) lactation. The value of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TChol), total protein (TP), albumin, globulin, urea, total bilirubin (TBil), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and lactate dexydrogenase (LDH) in the blood were determined. The following milk parameters were measured: fat, protein, lactose, urea, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, LDH and BHB. Blood serum NEFA, BHB, TBil, AST, ALT, ALP and LDH were higher in early lactation cows, whereas glucose, TP, globulin and urea levels were significantly lower in early lactation cows. Milk fat and lactose levels were lower in early lactation cows, whereas milk protein and the activities of AST, ALT, ALP and LDH in milk were highly greater in early lactation cows. Milk fat was positively correlated with glucose, TP and TG, and negatively correlated with BHB, NEFA, TBil, ALT, LDH and ALP levels in the blood. Enzyme activities in milk were positively correlated with those in blood and with blood NEFA, BHB and TBil levels, and negatively correlated with blood glucose, TChol and TG. A significant positive correlation existed between blood and milk BHB values. Many correlations showed the same slope during all lactation periods. In conclusion, similar changes in blood and milk metabolite concentration during lactation and milk to blood correlations confirm that milk has great potential in predicting of blood metabolites and metabolic status of cows.
Efficacy and Safety of Different Bioactive Coils in Intracranial Aneurysm Interventional Treatment, a Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis

Background: Bioactive coils have been used for nearly 20 years to improve aneurysm treatments. Previous studies are inadequate for comparing the efficacy and safety between different coils. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of different coils by comparing the percentage of people with different modified Raymond scale grades, re-rupture rates, and mortality in patients with intracranial aneurysms embolized with different coils. Method: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) containing coils for aneurysm interventional treatment were collected from Web of Science, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library up to December 2021. Bayesian network meta-analysis with a randomized or fixed model was performed to compare the efficacy and safety among different bioactive coils and bare platinum coils. Results: We pooled 3362 patients from eight RCTs. No significant differences were found between coils in the proportion of patients with a three-grade classification assessed with the modified Raymond scale immediately after surgery. Hydrogel coils did not show a significant difference in the percentage of patients with a modified Raymond scale grade I postoperatively compared with bare platinum coils (OR, −0.1080; 95% CI, −0.4201–0.2423), but at follow-up, the percentage of patients with modified Raymond scale grade I was significantly higher with hydrogel coils than with bare platinum coils (OR, 0.4957; 95% CI, 0.0060–0.9442). There were no statistical differences between these four coils in terms of aneurysm rupture or re-rupture rate and mortality. Conclusion: Though there was no significant difference in the embolization effect between the several coils in the postoperative period, complete embolization was more likely to be achieved with hydrogel coils compared to bare platinum coils at follow-up. There were no significant differences in safety between the several coil materials.
Significance of History and Philosophy of Science in instruction: A Phenomenographic Inquiry

This phenomenographic study explores the conceptual understanding of science teachers on the significance of History and Philosophy of Science (HPS) in science instruction. A total of 15 teachers were purposively selected in government-owned schools in Zambales, Philippines. The study utilized one-on-one interview sessions with the participants using a structured interview guide. Thematic analysis served as the springboard for the identification of categories and underlying themes, which facilitated the construction of outcome spaces. The study revealed that the Filipino science teachers saw and understood the significance of HPS in science education in four different ways: 1) HPS humanizes science education; 2) HPS improves scientific literacy; 3) HPS enhance teachers' pedagogy; and 4) HPS boosts 21st century skills. Implications for science education framework in the Philippines as well as to HPS curriculum enhancement were further established in the study
contain yourself: technology, the city and atmospheric intervention

This article considers how a creative intervention can augment and embellish the atmosphere of an urban industrial site. It builds on recent scholarship on atmospheres in human geography and architecture and on the potential for creative practice to investigate spatial and sensory experience by way of close attunement. To do so, it presents an account of a temporary public art installation, contain yourself, in two shipping containers on the Maribyrnong River in January 2015, a site adjacent to a heavy freight rail bridge and a Port of Melbourne container yard. The artwork was the result of experiments at a live test site of practice by four collaborators to sketch a responsive work in neon, sound, vibration and projection that took inspiration and content from its surroundings.
Lattice point counting via Einstein metrics

We obtain a growth estimate for the number of lattice points inside any Q-Gorenstein cone. Our proof uses the result of Futaki-Ono-Wang on Sasaki-Einstein metric for the toric Sasakian manifold associated to the cone, a Yau's inequality, and the Kawasaki-Riemann-Roch formula for orbifolds.
Long-Term Infection and Pathogenesis in a Novel Mouse Model of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Intensive efforts have been made to develop models of hRSV infection or disease using various animals. However, the limitations such as semi-permissiveness and short duration of infection have impeded their applications in both the pathogenesis of hRSV and therapeutics development. Here, we present a mouse model based on a Rag2 gene knockout using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Rag2−/− mice sustained high viral loads upon intranasal inoculation with hRSV. The average peak titer rapidly reached 1 × 109.8 copies/g and 1c106 TCID50 in nasal cavity, as well as 1 × 108 copies/g and 1 × 105 TCID50 in the lungs up to 5 weeks. Mild interstitial pneumonia, severe bronchopneumonia, elevated cytokines and NK cells were seen in Rag2−/− mice. A humanized monoclonal antibody showed strong antiviral activity in this animal model, implying that Rag2−/− mice that support long-term stable infection are a useful tool for studying the transmission and pathogenesis of human RSV, as well as evaluating therapeutics.
Information in Financial Markets and Its Real Effects

Financial markets have a central role in allocating resources in modern economies. One of the main functions of financial markets is the discovery of information. This information in turn helps guide decisions in the real side of the economy. The literature on the “feedback effect” of financial markets explores this channel. Empirical work tries to identify the informational feedback from markets to corporate decisions. Theoretical work explores implications that this feedback effect has for the equilibrium in financial markets and for economic efficiency. Current trends in information technology under the FinTech revolution change the nature of information processing in financial markets and so may change the nature of the feedback effect. In this paper, I review the main themes of this developing literature and connect them to the current information revolution. I also discuss directions for future research.
Basic Life Support Knowledge among Junior Medical and Dental Students, Communication Channels, and the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background and objective: The prognosis of cardiac arrest victims strongly depends on the prompt provision of Basic Life Support (BLS) maneuvers. Medical students should therefore be proficient in this area, but many lack essential BLS knowledge. The goal of this prospective, closed web-based study was to determine whether a short intervention designed to motivate first-year medical students to follow a blended BLS course could lead to a significant improvement in BLS knowledge in the following year. Materials and Methods: A fully automated web-based questionnaire was administered to second-year medical students one year after they had been given the opportunity of following a blended BLS course (e-learning and practice session). The primary outcome was the difference, on a 6-question score assessing essential BLS knowledge, between these students and those from the 2020 promotion since the latter had not been offered the optional BLS course. Results: The score was similar between the two study periods (3.3 ± 0.8 in 2022 vs. 3.0 ± 1.0 in 2020, p = 0.114), but no firm conclusion could be drawn since participation was much lower than expected (17.9% in 2022 vs. 43.7% in 2020, p < 0.001). Therefore, a second questionnaire was created and administered to understand the reasons underlying this low participation. Conclusions: There was a lack of improvement in BLS knowledge in second-year medical students after the introduction of an optional introductory BLS course in the first-year curriculum, but the limited participation rate precludes drawing definitive conclusions. Ineffective communication appears to be the cause of this low participation rate, but a lack of motivation in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic cannot be ruled out. Corrective actions should be considered to enhance communication, restore motivation, and ultimately improve BLS knowledge among medical and dental students.
Massive Star Formation in Sparse Environments.

Sparse massive star formation provides a critical test for star formation theories. To investigate the extreme case, we probe the immediate stellar environment around eight seemingly isolated massive stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud using the Hubble Space Telescopes Advanced Camera for Surveys. Our observations reveal sparse clusters of 8 − 10 stars from 1M⊙ to 4M⊙ around three of our targets, while three other stars remain candidates for in situ field massive star formation. Stochastic sampling effects dominate in these sparse clusters, so we compare our observations to a simulated cluster population generated from a –2 power-law distribution in star count (N∗) or cluster mass (Mcl) and populated randomly following a Kroupa IMF. Our results suggest that clusters are built stochastically by randomly sampling stars from a universal IMF with a fixed stellar upper-mass limit and are inconsistent with a mmax −Mcl relation. To investigate field massive stars as a population, we carry out a comprehensive survey, the Runaways and Isolated O Type Star Spectroscopic Survey of the SMC (RIOTS4). RIOTS4 is a spatially complete census of the entire field massive star population of the SMC undertaken with the IMACS multi-object spectrograph and MIKE echelle spectrograph on the Magellan telescopes. We find the slope of the field IMF above 20M⊙ is ΓIMF=2.3±0.4, which is much steeper than the canonical Salpeter slope of ΓIMF=1.35. We extend our IMF measurement to lower masses using BV photometry from the OGLE survey. We develop a statistical approach to generate a mass probability distribution for each star to measure the IMF with OGLE photometry, from which we again find ΓIMF=2.3±0.4 above 7M⊙. We rule out the possibility that a unique star formation history or high binary fraction could make a Salpeter IMF consistent with the steep observed present day mass function
Synthesis, Characterization and Broad-Spectrum Bactericidal Effects of Ammonium Methyl and Ammonium Ethyl Styrene-Based Nanoparticles

Untreatable infections, growing healthcare costs, and increasing human mortality due to the rising resistance of bacteria to most of the available antibiotics are global phenomena that urgently require the discovery of new and effective antimicrobial agents. Cationic macromolecules, acting as membrane disruptors, are widely studied, and several compounds, including two styrene-based copolymers developed by us (P5 and P7), have proved to possess potent broad-spectrum antibacterial effects, regardless of the resistance profiles of the bacteria. Here, we first reported the synthesis and physicochemical characterization of new cationic nanoparticles (NPs) (CP1 and OP2), obtained by polymerizing the monomers 4-ammoniummethylstyrene (4-AMSTY) and 4-ammoniumethylstyrene (4-AESTY) hydrochlorides, whose structures were designed using the cationic monomers of P5 and P7 as template compounds. The antibacterial activity of CP1 and OP2 was assessed against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens, observing potent antibacterial effects for both CP1 (MICs = 0.1–0.8 µM) and OP2 (MICs = 0.35–2.8 µM) against most of the tested isolates. Additionally, time-killing studies carried out with CP1 and OP2 on different strains of the most clinically relevant MDR species demonstrated that they kill pathogens rapidly. Due to their interesting physicochemical characteristics, which could enable their mutual formulation as hydrogels, CP1 and OP2 could represent promising ingredients for the development of novel antibacterial dosage forms for topical applications, capable of overcoming severe infections sustained by bacteria resistant to the presently available antibiotics.
Hybrid-Integrated Comb Source With 16 Wavelengths

Comb sources and multi-wavelength lasers can be used as central sources of light in many communication systems using high channel count wavelength division multiplexing. Here, we demonstrate a 16 wavelengths comb source built through large scale hybrid integration of 16 active gain chips with a passive silica chip that incorporates a 16 channel arrayed waveguide grating. Optical coupling between the 16 gain chips and the silica chip is achieved through 32 ball lenses (two per channel), that are aligned and attached in place with an automated process that we developed. The 16 channels have 100 GHz spacing and are centered in the C-band. We show monomode lasing, both in single-channel and multi-channel operation, with side mode suppression ratio as high as, respectively, 67 dB and 55 dB. The total output power of our comb source is about 17.9 dBm when all the 16 channels are activated simultaneously. The channels of our multi-wavelength laser have very narrow Lorentzian linewidths, with best value as narrow as 880 Hz and worst value of about 3.6 kHz. Our comb source integrates hybridly a large number of optical components, however thanks to the parallel architecture and the possibility of packaging the lenses with an automated process, our integration approach can be scaled to an even higher number of channels.