Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of foraging trees selected by pileated woodpeckers in New Brunswick

Little is known about the pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) in castern North America. Hence, as part of a larger habitat use study. we examined the excavation foraging habitat of the pileated woodpecker in Fnudy National Park (contiguous forest) and the surrounding fragmented forest landscape of southern New Brunswick (1993-95). Pileated woodpeckers usually used red spruce (Picea rubeus) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea) but also used deciduous species as foraging substrate. Pileated woodpeckers used larger (median diameter at breast height [dbh] = 27.7 vs. 19.1 cm; P < 0.001), more decayed (median decay class = 6.0 vs. 1.0; P < 0.001) trees than were randomly available. Pileated woodpeckers also preferentially foraged at lower heights on coniferous trees (P < 0.001), but foraging at the base of the tree was not influenced by cover (Ps = 0.50-0.90). We found few differences in stand characteristics between the park and the surrounding fragmented forest. Still, comparison of the number of foraging signs per tree indicated halsam fir was used more intensively in the fragmented forest than in the contiguous forest (median number of signs = 16.0 vs. 10.0), which suggested a limited availability. In our New Brunswick study area, pileated woodpeckers were associated with, and possibly depended on, older forests for foraging habitat. Current wildlife habitat objectives for Crown Lands in the province may be inadequate for providing sufficient foraging habitat over the long term.
ASCORBIC ACID DEGRADATION KINETICS DURING CONVENTIONAL and OHMIC HIEATING1

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) degradation during electrical and conventional heating was studied to determine if the presence of an electric field altered the rate of degradation. Experiments were performed using a static ohmic heating apparatus, and heating histories were matched using applied voltage in the electrical case and hot oil in the conventional case. A statistical analysis showed that electric field has no significant effect on ascorbic acid degradation. Pseudo first order degradation kinetics were observed for both conventional and ohmic cases. The activation energy and frequency factor for the conventional case was 12.6 kcal/mol and 19.95 × 10 5 min -1 , respectively; for the ohmic case, values were 12.5 kcal/mol and 19.59 × 10 5 min -1 . The effect of electrolysis on ascorbic acid degradation was also examined. Gas production and dissolution appeared to occur with stainless steel electrodes, and was not evident with specially coated titanium electrodes. These phenomena did not affect ascorbic acid concentration.
Ultrastructural aspects of tomato leaves infected by Tomato torrado virus (ToTV) and co‐infected by other viruses

Optical and electron microscopy studies were carried out to investigate the cytopathology induced in tomato leaves infected by Tomato torrado virus (ToTV), a new picorna-like virus associated with the ‘Torrado’ disease. Infected leaves, showing typical Torrado disease symptoms were surveyed in commercial greenhouses in the main tomato production areas of Spain. The effect of the co-infection of ToTV with other viruses which commonly infect tomato crops was also studied. Ultra-thin sections of ToTV-infected tomato leaves did not show a strong cellular alteration. However, crystalline arrays of isometric virus-like particles (VLPs) of 20–30 nm in the inclusion bodies were observed in phloem parenchyma cells of the infected tissues. Tissues co-infected by ToTV and either Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) or Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) presented more severe cellular alterations. The most deleterious consequences for tomato cells were found in triple infections of ToTV, PepMV and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), where characteristic cell wall overgrowth was distinguishable, together with a large amount of necrotic cells.
Local Aggregation Scheme for Data Collection in Periodic Sensor Network

Data aggregation is an important technique for data collection & aggregation in WSN where sensor nodes sense the raw data and sends the aggregated data to the sink node. In a cluster based periodic network, sensor node senses the data on a specific time interval, performs local aggregation and send aggregated data to Cluster Head (CH). Various Local aggregation algorithms are used to remove redundant data at sensor nodes but local outlier detection problem is still unsolved. Therefore, a local aggregation algorithm has been proposed which uses the temporal correlation property of WSN to eliminate redundant and local outlier data which improves the data sent ratio and data quality. Sensor measurement is collected at different time interval of a sensor, exhibits temporal correlation because measurements varies with small or same difference (δ) and measurements are treated as similar measurements. In proposed local aggregation approach, each sensor node finds similar measurements of sensors with their frequency (number of occurrence) in a specific time interval (Temporal correlation). Set having higher frequency is selected and transmitted the average values of measurements that lie in the selected set to the cluster head. If sensors don’t detect any reading between intervals it simple send a message ‘data not found’ instead of sending empty set. In this way we delete redundant and local outliers. The experimental result shows that algorithm improves the data quality and data sent ratio by eliminating redundant data and local outliers
FAIR INFORMATION PRACTICES AT THE FORTUNE 500: AN EXAMINATION BY ORGANIZATION SIZE AND INDUSTRY SECTOR

The unprecedented level of recent online corporate data breaches has caused consumer confidence to be shaken. As a result, this study was undertaken to comprehensively examine the privacy policies designed to protect the stakeholders of the largest firms, the Fortune 500. A content analysis of policies indicates that although nearly all firms have a policy posted on their website, the fair information practice principles of notice/awareness, choice/consent, access/participation, and security/integrity are not equally applied and vary by firm size and by industry sector. Results suggest that firms may be at risk and a more proactive approach should be taken with regard to policies.
Food industry in EU: testing the efficiency of business on the example of Hungary

The food industry is a sector of particular importance in the Hungarian economy. Besides the fact that its contribution to the national economic output is 4.6-5.0%, it is the largest market outlet for agricultural raw materials. Today’s economic environment is constantly changing, and competitiveness can only be preserved with regard to efficient production. It is indispensable for the enterprises to know with which factors they can make their production more efficient, and which are the ones that can be improved in efficiency. In our study, we present the production and some typical indicators of the food sector in the European Union and Hungary. Our specific investigations are focused on the effectiveness of the dual-accounting food businesses. After determining each of the yield indicators (gross production value, material-free production value, net production value, added value), complex and partial efficiency indicators have been calculated and analyzed.Between 2013 and 2017, the yield indicators of the examined food businesses were increasing year by year despite the significant reduction in the number of enterprises by 2017 (fresher statistics currently available in Hungary). The complex efficiency indicator has been declining since 2016 which is caused by extremely high committed asset values and insufficient utilization of resources. The change in the yield indicators was followed by the change in the partial efficiency indicators. In many cases, the projection funds decreased during the period under review.
Relationship between chlorophyll a and total soluble carbohydrates in pepper submitted to water deficiency

Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal Avançada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, Brazil Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Natural Resources,University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Brazil
Factors Driving Handheld Wireless Media Usage

The influence of the cultural context on the usage of wireless media in Nigeria as compared to usage in the United States is examined in this paper. Here the factors ease of use, fun, and flow are examined in a cross cultural context. While wireless media are at an earlier stage of adoption in Nigeria than the United States, according to the respondents’ comments these media are having a significant impact on their lives and the research question of this research addresses the impact on their culture
Identifying the Dominant Perspective on Customer Relationship Management in the Last Decade 2000 – 2010

Customer relationship management (CRM) is a popular field of research at the intersection of a number of disciplines such as marketing, business management, information technologies and computer sciences, closely followed by scholars, company executives, and consultant firms. The current global competitive environment leads firms to develop and strengthen their relations with their customers, their most valuable assets. Long-term, mutually beneficial relations that businesses build with their customers provide an important competitive advantage against competitors. An effective and efficient customer relationship management would turn into customer satisfaction and loyalty, lower costs, and higher shareholder value for the firms. The aim of this study is to identify the dominant perspective and its sub-concepts used on scholars’ conceptualization of CRM employed in customer relationship management literature. With this purpose, a literature review was conducted for the period of 2000-2010. The results of the study show that customer relationship management was mostly conceptualized as a strategy by the scholars.
Effect of platelet‐rich plasma on migration and proliferation of SaOS‐2 osteoblasts: role of platelet‐derived growth factor and transforming growth factor‐β

Platelet‐enriched plasma (PRP) is used in therapy as a source of growth factors in bone fracture and wound healing; however, few data exist on its role in the different aspects of the healing process. The effect of PRP and of the two main growth factors present in this preparation (platelet‐derived growth factor [PDGF] and transforming growth factor‐β [TGF‐β]) was evaluated in vitro using the human osteoblastic cell line SaOS‐2, which was shown by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction to express both PDGF‐α and ‐β receptors. Batroxobine‐activated PRP was added in different concentrations to SaOS‐2 cells to assess cell migration (by a microchemotaxis assay) and cell proliferation (by [3H]‐thymidine incorporation into the DNA). Immunoneutralization with anti‐PDGF‐β or anti‐TGF‐β antibodies allowed the assessment of the specific role of these growth factors. The overall results obtained indicate that PRP dose‐dependently stimulates both chemotaxis and cell proliferation. PDGF and TGF‐β appear to exert distinct effects on the two parameters, the former involved in stimulating cell migration and the latter in inhibiting cell proliferation. It is concluded that the different growth factors present in activated PRP can specifically contribute to the main processes of tissue regeneration.
Unsw-Nb15 Dataset and Machine Learning Based Intrusion Detection Systems

The network attacks become the most important security problems in the today’s world. There is a high increase in use of computers, mobiles, sensors,IoTs in networks, Big Data, Web Application/Server,Clouds and other computing resources. With the high increase in network traffic, hackers and malicious users are planning new ways of network intrusions. Many techniques have been developed to detect these intrusions which are based on data mining and machine learning methods. Machine learning algorithms intend to detect anomalies using supervised and unsupervised approaches.Both the detection techniques have been implemented using IDS datasets like DARPA98, KDDCUP99, NSL-KDD, ISCX, ISOT.UNSW-NB15 is the latest dataset. This data set contains nine different modern attack types and wide varieties of real normal activities. In this paper, a detailed survey of various machine learning based techniques applied on UNSW-NB15 data set have been carried out and suggested thatUNSW-NB15 is more complex than other datasets and is assumed as a new benchmark data set for evaluating NIDSs.
Analysis of AFM images of Nanofi bre Mats for Automated Processing Analiza slik AFM nanovlaknatih kopren za samodejno obdelavo

The image processing of pictures from fi bres and fi brous materials facilitates the investigation of diverse geometrical properties, such as yarn hairiness, fi bre bifurcations or fi bre lengths and diameters. Such irregular sample sets are naturally suitable to the statistical examination of images, using a random-walk algorithm. This results in the calculation of the so-called Hurst exponent, which is the asymptotic scaling exponent of the mean squared displacement of the walker’s position. Previous investigations have proven the appropriateness of this method for examinations of diff erent fi bres, yarns and textile fabrics. In a recent study, we used AFM (atomic force microscopy) images, split into diff erent greyscales, to analyse and quantify diff erences between various nanofi bre mats created from polyacrylonitrile. In addition to the strong infl uence of the nanofi bre diameters, a certain impact of the AFM settings was also seen and must be taken into account
Iraqi EFL Teachers’ Perception towards the Inclusion of Lesson Planning in In-Service Training Programs

It is often argued that a well-ordered in-service training program would augment the teachers’ capability to effectively achieve classroom activities and practices, and back the educational organization to realize its objectives and ultimately develop teaching (Mahmood, 2016). Moreover, contemporary research studies maintained that Iraqi EFL teachers have need of sustenance and aide in terms of ordering active lesson plans (Al-Tufaili, 2016; Hindi, 2012). Building an effective lesson plan is one of the essential requirements for teachers in their careers in schools. Therefore, it becomes so necessary that a training program must include items related to the content of lesson planning. This paper intends to gather Iraqi EFL teachers' opinions and views concerning items classified under lesson planning, i.e. which ones are more appealed by them, which ones they disprefer. A sample of eighty Iraqi EFL teachers teaching in secondary schools from Kirkuk Governorate have been selected to answer a questionnaire containing 15 items of lesson planning. Utilizing Likert's scale, the participants reveal that operational planning for EFL classes can motivate teachers to pay attention to specific learning and teaching goals and purposes, as a lesson plan often yields a framework for teaching EFL that enables teachers to allocate exact time for teaching activities in the class. The questionnaire also shows that planning the accurate lesson and organizing it into professional steps is an interesting matter for teachers.
FL anxiety studies of Japanese EFL learners: A critical review

Foreign Language (FL) anxiety can be a critical factor in determining the success of an individual’s language learning endeavors. Broad familiarity with research that has been conducted with Japanese learners can assist teachers seeking to minimize the negative impact of anxiety on their learners. This review of studies critically discusses 26 FL anxiety studies involving Japanese learners in terms of participants, instruments, and results. The review reveals that most of this research has been conducted at universities and little is known about the impact of affective factors on language learning at primary and secondary school levels. It also highlights some of the major problems with the applicability of the commonly used Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (Horwitz, Horwitz & Cope, 1986) to the Japanese EFL context. Implications for future research are discussed, including the urgent need for studies focusing on strategies targeting FL anxiety in the Japanese context.
Methane and nitrous oxide emission from pastures and crop fields

The AgriGES project is a Concerted Research Action lead by Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, aiming to quantify methane and nitrous oxide emission from pastures and crop fields, respectively. Besides quantification, a second important goal of the AgriGES project is to study the flux dynamics and to gain a better understanding of the biophysical processes coming into play. We focus here on N2O fluxes and first propose an overview of the current modelling efforts. Two main weaknesses of these models have been identified, and potential new developments are suggested to mitigate these issues, with an emphasis on the denitrification process. Secondly, we propose a review of the current knowledge on the main environmental factors influencing nitrous oxide emission. Several mitigation options are also explored.
Spectral Mesh Simplification

The spectrum of the Laplace‐Beltrami operator is instrumental for a number of geometric modeling applications, from processing to analysis. Recently, multiple methods were developed to retrieve an approximation of a shape that preserves its eigenvectors as much as possible, but these techniques output a subset of input points with no connectivity, which limits their potential applications. Furthermore, the obtained Laplacian results from an optimization procedure, implying its storage alongside the selected points. Focusing on keeping a mesh instead of an operator would allow to retrieve the latter using the standard cotangent formulation, enabling easier processing afterwards. Instead, we propose to simplify the input mesh using a spectrum‐preserving mesh decimation scheme, so that the Laplacian computed on the simplified mesh is spectrally close to the one of the input mesh. We illustrate the benefit of our approach for quickly approximating spectral distances and functional maps on low resolution proxies of potentially high resolution input meshes.
AUTOMATIC TEXT SUMMARIZATION OF INDIAN LANGUAGES: A MULTILINGUAL PROBLEM

Automatic text summarization is highly researched field. A lot of this research is limited to popular languages such as English. In a nation like India there are 22 languages spoken, which are written in 13 different scripts, with about 720 dialects. Taking this into consideration developing a nation-wide summarization tool for India would be a very difficult problem. In this paper we examine approaches to this problem and also highlight some existing research that has been done in Indian languages
Microsatellite genetic variation in wild and hatchery populations of the sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus Selenka) from northern China

Farming of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) started 20 years ago and is still in rapid expansion in China. In order to assess the genetic status of both wild and cultivated stocks of this species, we used eight microsatellite markers to estimate the level of genetic diversity within five hatchery stocks and two wild populations of A. japonicus, and compared the degree of genetic differentiation between them. High levels of polymorphism were observed over all loci. The mean alleles and expected heterozygosities over the seven stocks were 10.4–12.3 and 0.735–0.783 respectively. The results of the microsatellite survey provide no evidence to show that hatchery practice of the sea cucumber in China to date has significantly affected the genetic variability of the cultured stocks. Significant differentiation was found between most pairs of the hatchery stocks and wild populations (Fst range: 0.008–0.036), and no obvious difference was detected between the wild populations (Fst=0.008). The information on the genetic variation and differentiation obtained in this study can be applied for future genetic monitoring of A. japonicus aquaculture stocks and will be useful for future genetic improvement by selective breeding, and for designing suitable management guidelines for these genetic materials.
In vitro Germination of Anthurium affine Schott at Half-MS Strength

The Anthurium affine Schott is an aroid of ornamental and medicinal potential; however, its means of propagation are poorly known. The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro germination of A. affine Schott in two MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium concentrations (100% and 50%) and under two light intensities (light and dark). The experiment was conducted using a 2 × 2 factorial in a completely randomized arrangement. The four treatments were: T1: 100% MS + dark; T2: 50% MS + dark; T3: 50% MS + light; and T4: 100% MS + light. Each treatment consisted of 30 test tubes (replicates). Seven days after setting up of the experiment, plastic cover was removed from the test tubes, and soon thereafter germination was assessed. Twenty-three days later, the number of leaves, plant height, number of roots, and size of the biggest root were recorded. There were no significant differences among the treatments for number of leaves. Mean plant height, the number of roots, and the size of the biggest root were affected by treatments, however, with Treatments 2 and 3 (50% MS) giving bigger values than Treatments 1 and 4 (100% MS). We concluded that the light treatmentdid not affect seed germination of A. affine and that the half-strength MS medium recorded a better plant development, with taller plants and larger and more roots.
CLASSIFICATION OF FACIAL SKIN TYPE USING DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM, CONTRAST, LOCAL BINARY PATTERN AND SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE

There are two effects cosmetics on the skin, namely positive and negative effects. The use of cosmetics in accordance with the skin type will have a positive impact on the skin while the use of cosmetics that do not fit the skin type will negatively affect the skin. Each person's skin type is not the same, therefore it is important to know the type of skin before deciding to buy suitable cosmetics. This research will build an intelligent system that can classify facial skin types by utilizing the concept of data mining. This research uses Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), contrast, and Local Binary Pattern (LBP) for extracting the features contained in the face image and use Support Vector Machine (SVM) as the classifier to determine the facial skin type. Based on the experimental results, it is proven that the proposed method able to properly classify facial skin types. The proposed method gives the average classification accuracy of 91.66% with the average running time of 31.571 seconds.