Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recognizing Five Major Dialects in Indonesia Based on MFCC and DRNN

Dialect is a variation of the language used by a group of people, sometimes in a particular region. It plays an essential role in automatic speech recognition (ASR). In general, an ASR gives high accuracy for a dialect-specific case, but it obtains a low accuracy for the multi-dialect application, such as for the Indonesian language that has hundreds of dialects. In this research, a system to recognize various dialects in Indonesia is developed. First, an utterance is preprocessed using both normalization and framing. Second, its features are then extracted using the Mel frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCC), which is one of the feature extraction methods for the best acoustic signals. Finally, a deep recurrent neural network (DRNN) is used to learn and classify dialect characteristics. Evaluation of the dataset of five major dialects in Indonesia shows that the greater the Epoch and Bath Size, the greater the accuracy produced by the DRNN. However, accuracy is not directly proportional to the value of both parameters. The Epoch of 30 and Batch Size of 30 are the optimum parameters that yield the highest accuracy of 87.0% for the training set. Evaluation of the testing set shows that it gives an accuracy of 85.4% for the unseen dialects.
River Flows Are a Reliable Index of Forest Fire Risk in the Temperate Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area, Australia

Fire risk can be defined as the probability that a fire will spread across a landscape, that therefore determines the likely area burnt by a wildfire. Reliable monitoring of fire risk is essential for effective landscape management. Compilation of fire risk records enable identification of seasonal and inter-annual patterns and provide a baseline to evaluate the trajectories in response to climate change. Typically, fire risk is estimated from meteorological data. In regions with sparse meteorological station coverage environmental proxies provide important additional data source for estimating past and current fire risk. Here, we use a 60-year record of daily flows (ML day−1 past a fixed-point river gauge) from two rivers (Franklin and Davey) in the remote Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area (TWWHA) to characterize seasonal patterns in fire risk in temperate Eucalyptus forests and rainforests. We show that river flows are strongly related to landscape soil moisture estimates derived from down-scaled re-analysis of meteorological data available since 1990. To identify river flow thresholds where forests are likely to burn, we relate river flows to known forest fires that have occurred in the previously defined ecohydrological domains that surround the Franklin and Davey catchments. Our analysis shows that the fire season in the TWWHA is centered on February (70% of all years below the median river flow threshold), with shoulders on December-January and March. Since 1954, forest fire can occur in at least one month for all but four summers in the ecohydrological domain that includes the Franklin catchment, and since 1964 fire could occur in at least one month in every summer in the ecohydrological domain that includes the Davey catchment. Our analysis shows that managers can use river flows as a simple index that indicates landscape-scale forest fire risk in the TWWHA.
The implications of high-conflict divorce on adult–children: Five factors related to well-being

ABSTRACT Offspring of divorce are generally more vulnerable to negative mental health outcomes than counterparts of intact marriages. However, not all cases of divorce are equivalent. The present study aimed to contribute to divorce literature by investigating the role of interparental conflict during the divorce process on offspring well-being. A convenience sample of 144 adult undergraduates from divorced families completed questionnaires pertaining to perceptions of interparental conflict and psychological well-being, interpersonal competence, irrational beliefs, materialistic orientations, and emotion dysregulation. Perceptions of interparental conflict during divorce positively correlated with irrational thinking and emotion dysregulation, and negatively correlated with psychological well-being and interpersonal competence. A MANOVA revealed that participants' perceptions of interparental conflict had significant predictive power on all factors of interest except materialism. In the model, interparental conflict had the greatest effect on emotion dysregulation. Participants with perceptions of high interparental conflict had greater impairments in all variables (except materialism, which was non-significant) compared to the low perception group. They also presented greater impairment in interpersonal competence, emotion regulation, and rational thinking than the medium perception group. Overall, the results suggest interparental conflict during divorce is relevant to offspring outcomes, perhaps particularly within emotion regulation.
Phylogeography and distribution of the freshwater razor clams Novaculina myanmarensis and N. gangetica in Myanmar, with notes on two doubtful nominal taxa described as Novaculina members (Bivalvia: Pharidae)

The razor clam genus Novaculina Benson, 1830 (Bivalvia: Pharidae: Pharellinae) is a group of secondary freshwater bivalves. Four allopatric species in this genus are distributed throughout Asian freshwater drainages from the Ganges River in India to the Yangtze River in China. Here, we present several new occurrences of Novaculina myanmarensis and N. gangetica from Myanmar that were confirmed by means of a molecular approach. These occurrences expand our knowledge on the ranges of both species. Furthermore, we compiled an updated distribution map for all the species in this genus. Our phylogeographic research suggests that Novaculina myanmarensis colonized the Ayeyarwady Basin from rivers of the Salween Estuary (Donthami and Ataran rivers) during the Late Pleistocene. Conversely, Novaculina gangetica populations from Myanmar does not demonstrate any clear phylogeographic structure. At first glance, this pattern can also be caused by a (sub)recent (Pleistocene) immigration into coastal rivers of western Myanmar from the Ganges Basin, although this preliminary hypothesis is yet to be confirmed using DNA sequences of samples from India and Bangladesh. Finally, the taxonomic status of two doubtful nominal taxa initially described as Novaculina members is discussed, i.e. N. gangetica theobaldi Hanley & Theobald, 1874 and N. andamanensis Preston, 1908. These taxa are considered junior subjective synonyms of the estuarine bivalve species Cultellus maximus (Gmelin, 1791) (Pharidae) and Azorinus coarctatus (Gmelin, 1791) (Solecurtidae), respectively.
Omnidirectional Circularly Polarized Antenna Based on Counter-Wound Helices

An innovative counter-wound helical antenna with omnidirectional circular polarization (OCP) is reported in this communication, with a significantly enhanced radiation resistance and matching bandwidth compared with the conventional normal-mode CP helix counterpart. The antenna is realized by combining several helical radiators with opposite winding directions. A three-segment OCP counter-wound helix is studied, featuring one right-handed helix in the middle and two left-handed helices sandwiching it from the top and the bottom. Besides achieving a stable OCP pattern with gain variations of less than 0.2 dB, the radiation resistance at the operating frequency <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is increased to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$26.7~\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> compared with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.3~\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> of the traditional uniform-wound helix. Theoretical analysis and simulations are presented. To further enhance the radiation resistance, a five-segment helical antenna prototype is demonstrated and tested. The radiation resistance rises further to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$80.9~\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the measured matching bandwidth reaches 2.8%, surpassing that of the conventional OCP helix by four times. Stable OCP radiation with a realized gain of up to 2.5 dBic is observed. Being compact and simple, the developed helical antenna could represent an ideal candidate for various wireless applications, for example, device-to-device (D2D) communications that require OCP radiations.
An Efficient Strategy for Accurate Detection and Localization of UAV Swarms

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms have shown great potential for Internet of Things (IoT). Meantime, its malicious use may cause huge threat to the national security. UAV swarms show the characteristic of high density which poses formidable challenges to radar resolution in the defense of critical areas. In this article, we consider a radar equipped with the coprime array, and then, use the coherent long-time integration (LTI) technique and gridless sparse technique to detect and localize UAVs in a swarm. This strategy takes full account of advantages of the coprime array, coherent LTI technique, and gridless sparse technique, i.e.: 1) the coprime array can provide a larger array aperture than the uniform linear array with the same number of array elements to relieve the stress of the gridless sparse technique and 2) the combination of coherent LTI technique and gridless sparse technique can maximize their advantages and make up for their shortcomings. By mathematical analyses and extensive numerical examples, we show the superiority of the proposed strategy in terms of accurate detection and localization of UAV swarms.
In-vivo 3D zebrafish imaging for longitudinal observation of the retina regeneration with different light intensity irradiations

The retina regeneration process has been observed in several animals including fish, birds, and amphibians, whereas the injured human retina cannot regenerate until today. The zebrafish is one of the animals which can regenerate their retina. Due to similarities between humans and the zebrafish in the morphology of the eye as well as the gene, the zebrafish has been chosen as a useful model for investigating retina regeneration. Previous studies have observed morphological changes in the zebrafish retina using optical coherence tomography during the retinal regeneration after light irradiation with a single beam power. However, these studies have limitations of demonstrating differences in regenerative abilities depending on degrees of retinal damages because they used only a single light irradiating condition. Through light-induced retinal injuries by various light irradiating conditions, investigation correlations between the time required for retina regeneration and grades of retinal damages were needed. To conduct these experiments, a custom-built OCT, which can acquire a cross-sectional and three-dimensional image of the zebrafish's eye, was developed based on OpticStudio simulations. The zebrafish's eye imaging can provide the ability to observe the damage and morphological changes after laser irradiation in the eye tissues including the cornea and retina.
Conversion of cellulose into lactic acid using zirconium oxide catalysts

The possibility of converting cellulose into lactic acid using stable, easily prepared solid catalysts has attracted much attention. In this study, the catalytic activities of various transition metal oxides for cellulose conversion were determined; ZrO2 showed the highest activity for lactic acid production from cellulose. Various types of ZrO2 were tested for catalytic activity. The correlation between lactic acid yields and the characteristic properties of the ZrO2 indicated that the concentrations of acid and base sites on the ZrO2 played an important role in lactic acid production. The conversion of fructose into glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone by a retro-aldol reaction was probably enhanced by the combination of acid and base sites on the ZrO2. The ZrO2 catalyst was stable in high-temperature water (473 K), and almost no Zr leached out of the catalyst into solution during the reaction.
Comparing indirect decompression using elastic nails versus curettage, bone graft substitute, and intramedullary stabilization for the management of unicameral bone cysts in skeletally immature patients: a retrospective case series study

Background: Unicameral bone cysts account for 20% of benign bone lesions. A variety of treatment modalities exist with variable outcomes. This was a retrospective study that aimed to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of two treatment methods for unicameral bone cysts in children: cyst decompression utilizing intramedullary nailing alone versus marginal resection through curettage, intramedullary nailing, and synthetic bone grafting. Methods: Seventy-one patients with unicameral bone cysts were treated with one of two techniques: decompression using elastic intramedullary nails (Group 1, 37 patients) or open curettage and grafting with a calcium sulfate bone substitute with fixation by elastic intramedullary nails (Group 2, 34 patients). Outcome parameters included the radiographic healing rate, time to solid union, recurrence rate, functional outcome, and complication rates. Results: The mean follow-up period was 30.9 mo for group 1 and 35.9 mo for group 2. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society scoring was 91 for group 1 and 93 for group 2. Radiographic healing showed Capanna grade 1 in 78% of the patients in group 1 and 85% in group 2 with a similar mean time to healing of 8 wk. Recurrence occurred in two patients in group 1 and in one patient in group 2. Conclusions: No statistically significant difference exists regarding the outcomes of both treatment techniques. Therefore, we recommend the use of elastic nails for intramedullary nailing alone as a first line of management of primary unicameral bone cyst because it is a less invasive technique with reliable results. Level of Evidence: Level IV.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIINFLAMASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PISANG AMBON (Musa paradisiaca L.) TERHADAP TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus L.) YANG DIINDUKSI KARAGENAN

Anti-inflammatory activity test of ethanolic extract of banana leaf ( Musa Paradisiaca L.) on carrageenan-induced paw edema in white male rats ( Rattus novergicus L.) has been conducted. It was aimed to investigate and to determine the anti-inflammatory activity and its effective dose. The extract was prepared by maceration method using ethanol 96%. Anti-inflammatory activity test was performed in five different groups. Each group consisted of 5 rats. The 1st group (negative control) was given 0.5% CMC-Na suspension; the 2nd group (positive control) was given diclofenac sodium 9 mg/KgBW; the 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups were successively given the banana leaf extract as much as 500, 750 and 1000 mg/KgBW. Each rat was then induced by 1% carrageenan and tested using subplantar method. The inflamed paw diameter was measured using a calliper while the inflamed paw volume using pletysmometer. The measurements were done for 6 hours long with intervals of 60 minutes. The data was statistically analyzed using ANOVA (analysis of variance). The results showed that the negative control had a significant difference with the other treatment groups which did not show any anti-inflammatory effect. In conclusion, ethanolic extract of banana leaf has effective anti-inflammatory activity at a dose of 750 mg/KgBW
Investigating the bias of TanDEM-X digital elevation models of glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau: impacting factors and potential effects on geodetic mass-balance measurements

Abstract The TanDEM-X DEM is a valuable data source for estimating glacier mass balance. However, the accuracy of TanDEM-X elevation over glaciers can be affected by microwave penetration and phase decorrelation. To investigate the bias of TanDEM-X DEMs of glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau, these DEMs were subtracted from SPOT-6 DEMs obtained around the same time at two study sites. The average bias over the studied glacier areas in West Kunlun (175.0 km2) was 2.106 ± 0.012 m in April 2014, and it was 1.523 ± 0.011 m in Geladandong (228.8 km2) in October 2013. By combining backscatter coefficients and interferometric coherence maps, we found surface decorrelation and baseline decorrelation can cause obvious bias in addition to microwave penetration. If the optical/laser data and winter TanDEM-X data were used as new and historic elevation sources for mass-balance measurements over an arbitrary observation period of 10 years, the glacier mass loss rates in West Kunlun and Geladandong would be potentially underestimated by 0.218 ± 0.016 and 0.158 ± 0.011 m w.e. a−1, respectively. The impact is therefore significant, and users should carefully treat the bias of TanDEM-X DEMs when retrieving a geodetic glacier mass balance.
Future Changes in the Frequency and Destructiveness of Landfalling Tropical Cyclones Over East Asia Projected by High‐Resolution AGCMs

Future changes in the frequency and destructiveness of landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) over East Asia were investigated by analyzing the simulations of two high‐resolution (20–25‐km) atmospheric general circulation models forced by sea surface temperature (SST) in the present period (1979–2003) and under future warming conditions (2075–2099) of the RCP8.5 scenario. The present‐day simulations capture well the genesis count, tracks, and intensity associated with TCs striking the coastal areas of Taiwan‐East China (TWCN), the South China Sea‐Indochina (SCS) and the vicinity of Japan (JP). The frequency of landfalling TCs over TWCN, SCS, and JP is projected to nearly half by the end of the 21st century. However, these landfalling TCs induce enhanced destructive threats of stronger winds and heavier precipitation under the future warmer climate. Through attribution analysis we found the reduced frequency of landfalling TCs to be mainly caused by a decline in TC genesis count (rather than TC track changes), while the increased intensity of landfalling TCs is linked with changes in the TC intensification rate (as opposed to duration changes). Diagnoses of the genesis potential index and eddy energetics further suggest that the mid‐tropospheric drying and weakened synoptic‐scale eddy activity resulting from anticyclonic and downward circulations over the main TC genesis region create an unfavorable environment for TC genesis. In contrast, warmer SST, reduced vertical wind shear and enhanced efficiency of eddy kinetic energy generations appear over the regions before TC landfall, resulting in a more rapid intensification of TCs that later approach the coastal areas.
Online variational inference on finite multivariate Beta mixture models for medical applications

Technological advances led to the generation of large scale complex data. Thus, extrac-tion and retrieval of information to automatically discover latent pattern have been largely studied in the various domains of science and technology. Consequently, machine learning experienced tremendous development and various statistical approaches have been sug-gested. In particular, data clustering has received a lot of attention. Finite mixture models have been revealed to be one of the ﬂexible and popular approaches in data clustering. Considering mixture models, three crucial aspects should be addressed. The ﬁrst issue is choosing a distribution which is ﬂexible enough to ﬁt the data. In this paper, a model based on multivariate Beta distributions is proposed. The two other challenges in mixture models are estimation of model’s parameters and model complexity. To tackle these challenges, variational inference techniques demonstrated considerable robustness. In this paper, two methods are studied, namely, batch and online variational inferences and the models are evaluated on four medical applications including image segmentation of colorectal cancer, multi-class colon tissue analysis, digital imaging in skin lesion diagnosis and computer aid detection of Malaria.
Quantification of Food Losses and Waste in Peru: A Mass Flow Analysis along the Food Supply Chain

The quantification of food losses and waste (FLW) has become a research hotspot in the last decade, but little work has been done to have food waste data in Latin American countries. This paper contributes to addressing this knowledge gap by examining the magnitude of FLW along the whole food supply chain (FSC) in Peru. The methodological approach was based on the top-down mass flow analysis at all steps of the FSC for the 2007–2017 period (most recently available data), including different food commodity groups (CGs), such as cereals, roots and tubers, oil seeds and pulses, fruits, vegetables, meat, fish and seafood, and milk. Results show an annual average of FLW of 12.8 million tonnes, which represents 47.76% of the national food supply. Regarding per capita quantities, the average amount of FLW was 426.56 kg per year when considering the entire FSC, and 67.34 kg per year when considering only the consumption step. This study suggests which steps of the FSC and CGs are the most promising targets for FLW reduction strategies in Peru.
Failure learning and entrepreneurial resilience: the moderating role of firms' knowledge breadth and knowledge depth

Purpose Drawing on the knowledge-based view, the purpose of this study is to investigate the differential effects of failure normalization (FN) and failure analysis (FA) on entrepreneurial resilience (ER) and examines how firms’ knowledge breadth (KB) and knowledge depth (KD) moderate these effects in distinctive ways. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a mixed-methods approach, including a two-wave survey study among 226 entrepreneurial high-tech firms in China and a qualitative study. Findings The findings reveal that FA has a stronger positive effect on ER than FN. KB enhances the effect of FA on ER, whereas KD enhances the effect of FN on ER but buffers the effect of FA on ER. Practical implications The study advocates that entrepreneurs need to be aware of the importance of ER and strengthen the reflection on failure. Additionally, the study suggests that entrepreneurs should match FN and FA with firms’ knowledge characteristics. With this match, KB and KD can exert greater impacts on the effect of failure learning on ER. Originality/value Knowledge can influence the effect of learning on firm capability. However, such an effect in entrepreneurial firms linking to ER remains to be explored. This study contributes to ER from the failure learning perspective and extends knowledge management theory in the entrepreneurship context.
Effect of Dimensionality Reduction on Prediction Accuracy of Effort of Agile Projects Using Principal Component Analysis

Agile framework for software development has received a lot of recognition in software industry in previous years as it focuses on rapid incremental delivery, lower risk and customer satisfaction. At early stages of development, the effort must be predicted so that the project is completed successfully within the time and cost deadlines. In recent years, various researchers have done study in this area and it is observed that the prediction of effort faces a problem of large dimension of features. Hence the prediction accuracy may be increased by reducing the dimensions of the features. In this paper, PCA has been used for reduction of feature dimensions for effort estimation. PCA identifies the key attributes by reducing the dimensions of the attribute which are those having highest correlation with the effort. The methodology shows the effect of PCA on the original dataset and the results are observed by applying various machine learning techniques pre and post PCA. The comparison metrics used are Mean Magnitude relative Error (MMRE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Prediction Accuracy (PRED (25)). The decreased values of errors and increased value of accuracy shows the better model accuracy when PCA is applied on the dataset. All the computations and implementations in this paper are done using Python on Scikit-learn library.