Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Lagrangian numerical investigation of the origins and fates of the salinity maximum water in the Atlantic

The origins and fates of the Atlantic salinity maximum water (SMW), formed through excess evaporation in the tropics and subtropics of both hemispheres, are studied using monthly mean outputs of a numerical simulation of the world ocean climatological circulation. After defining formation domains from the surface salinity field and the vertical stratification, a Lagrangian technique is used to estimate the formation rates and main pathways in each hemisphere and the role of this water in the framework of the warm water return flow of the meridional overturning cell. Formation rates around 9 and 11 Sv are found in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres, respectively. While the export of the southern SMW from its formation area is realized by the western boundary currents, that of the northern SMW mainly results from interior subduction. Equatorward of the formation regions, a fraction of each SMW variety is entrained in the subtropical cells that connect the subtropics to the equatorial region. Poleward of them, both varieties are seen to feed the regions of subtropical mode water (STMW) formation around 35° of latitude in both hemispheres. The bulk of the transport associated with each variety eventually turns northward: This amounts to ∼6 Sv of southern SMW gathered in the North Brazil Undercurrent (NBUC), and ∼10 Sv of northern SMW found in the Gulf Stream at 35°N, of which 8 Sv have gone through the Caribbean Sea. Of the 13.4-Sv northward transport of the meridional overturning cell estimated by the model at 47°N, more than 50% (6.9 Sv) is found to have transited through at least one of the SMW regions. This gives an indication of the likely important role of SMW formation in the observed northward salinity increase of the upper Atlantic Ocean.
The comparability of bioassessments: a review of conceptual and methodological issues1

Abstract Differences in the raw data used in bioassessments and choices regarding how those data are analyzed and summarized can affect inferences regarding the status of ecological resources and, thus, the degree to which we can trust individual ecological assessments, compare assessments across different programs and regions, or share data when developing or refining new endpoint indices. Progress in addressing these issues has been hindered by lack of consensus regarding what a general definition of comparability should be in the context of bioassessments and what measures of comparability are appropriate for ecological data. In this paper, we review the state of knowledge regarding the comparability of assessments as affected by differences in raw data (composition and relative abundance of taxa), derived measures (biotic metrics and endpoint indices), and assessment levels (condition classes). We specifically address the extent to which the comparability of assessments can be compromised by systematic differences in data, discuss the factors known to affect data comparability, and consider the techniques available to evaluate and improve comparability. Rigorous assessment of data comparability should be a standard aspect of quality assurance when developing and applying biological indices.
Robust slope region for wideband CDMA with multiple antennas

We analyze a low power, wideband CDMA system with multiple antennas. The joint "slope region" - of transmission rates at minimum energy per bit s derived as a function of proportion between vanishing rates for multiple users. Vertices of the slope region may be achieved by a matched filter linear interface, followed by successive interference cancellation. We introduce and evaluate the "robust slope region", the largest region which is inside every other slope region and is therefore independent of the relative proportion between transmission rates. Furthermore, we find the "robust slope", the maximum slope which can always be guaranteed to all users.
Enhanced ESPRIT Algorithm for Optimal Wind Turbine Fault Recognizing

Fault Recognition occupies a prominent place in the advanced electrical power production systems. The wind turbine machine requires an on-line regular maintenance to guarantee an acceptable lifetime and to maximize productivity. In objective to implement a fast, proactive condition monitoring, ESPRIT method seems the correct choice due to its robustness in ameliorating the frequency and amplitude discrimination. However, it has a very complex calculation to be implemented in real time. To address this problem, a Fast-ESPRIT algorithm that combined the IIR band-pass filtering technique, the decimation technique and the original ESPRIT method were employed to enhance extracting accurately frequencies and their magnitudes from the wind stator current. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated by computer simulations with many fault scenarios. Study results demonstrate the performance of Fast-ESPRIT allowing fast and high resolution harmonics identification with minimum computation time and less memory cost.
Descripción y evaluación de un sistema basado en reglas para la extracción automática de contextos definitorios

El desarrollo de herramientas computacionales de ayuda en tareas lexicograficas y terminograficas es un creciente interes dentro del campo del procesamiento del lenguaje natural. Algunas herramientas se han desarrollado para la extraccion automatica de terminos en textos especializados. Ademas, algunos estudios se han enfocado en el desarrollo de metodos para adquirir conocimiento definitorio sobre terminos, tomando en cuenta la idea de que los terminos suelen definirse en estructuras denominadas contextos definitorios, donde se emplean una serie de patrones que pueden ser reconocidos automaticamente. Partiendo de esta premisa, en esta tesis presentamos un sistema basado en reglas linguisticas para la extraccion de contextos definitorios sobre textos especializados en espanol. Este sistema esta formado por cuatro procesos: la extraccion de ocurrencias de patrones definitorios; el filtro de contextos no relevantes; la identificacion de los elementos constitutivos en los candidatos, es decir, el termino y la definicion; y la organizacion jerarquica de los resultados con el fin de encontrar los mejores candidatos.
Research On The Optimum Cable Release Length Of ROVs

To study a self-propelled cable-controlled vehicle's movement, operation and control, the function of its cable's towrope resistance is needed. Through calculating towrope resistances of the vehicle under different cable release lengths, the functional relation between the vehicle's movement location and the towrope resistance, the optimum cable release length at which the towrope resistance is the smallest could be found, which provides a foundation for further research of ROVs' movement, operation and control.
A survey of the Islamic insurance literature – takaful

The increasing wealth of the Muslims and growing awareness of the necessity for protections are generating demand for takaful, a risk sharing that is obedient with Islamic law. The purpose of this paper is to survey the literature on Islamic insurance (takaful) covering conceptual and practical aspect of it. The authors start by defending the takaful concept, how it is different from the conventional insurers, different models of takafuls, example of takaful insurance. It is then highlighted the growth history of takaful insurance globally, and finally the authors survey the literature of takaful insurance.
Pattern-based system to detect the adverse drug effect sentences in medical case reports

Background The detection of adverse drug effect sentences in medical text reduces the efforts required for the manual task of drug safety monitoring by decreasing the number of reports which need to be investigated by drug safety experts. Moreover it helps in compiling a highly accurate and machine-understandable drug-related adverse effects knowledge bases which can support pharmacovigilance research and aids computational approaches for drugs repurposing. In this study, we proposed a pattern-based method to detect the sentences containing drug-adverse effect causal relation from medical case reports. Materials and methods A set of 500 full abstracts from Medline medical case reports containing 988 adverse drug effect sentences from ADE corpus were used to evaluate the sentences detection task. Our method combined an outcome of a concept recognition system with a method for automatic generation of numerous patterns. Results Our method achieved recall of 72.8, precision of 93.6 and F-Score of 81.7 % in the adverse drug effect sentences detection task. Conclusion The results of this study can help database curators in compiling medical databases and researchers to digest the huge amount of textual information which is growing rapidly. Moreover, the mining algorithms developed in this study can be employed to detect sentences contain new associations between other medical entities in medical text.
Optically Controlled Laser-Plasma Electron Acceleration for Compact γ-Ray Sources Optically Controlled Laser-Plasma Electron Acceleration for Compact γ -Ray Sources

Thomson scattering (TS) from electron beams produced in laser-plasma accelerators may generate femtosecond pulses of quasi-monochromatic, multi-MeV photons. Scaling laws suggest that reaching the necessary GeVelectron energy, with a percent-scale energy spread and five-dimensional brightness over 10 16 A/m 2 , requires acceleration in centimeter-length, tenuous plasmas ( n 0 (cid:1) 10 17 cm (cid:3) 3 ), with petawatt-class lasers. Ultrahigh per-pulse power mandates single-shot operation, frustrating applications dependent on dosage. To generate high-quality near-GeV beams at a manageable average power (thus affording kHz repeti- tion rate), we propose acceleration in a cavity of electron density, driven with an incoherent stack of sub-Joule laser pulses through a millimeter-length, dense plasma ( n 0 (cid:1) 10 19 cm (cid:3) 3 ). Blue-shifting one stack component by a considerable fraction of the carrier frequency compensates for the frequency red shift imparted by the wake. This avoids catastrophic self-compression of the optical driver and suppresses expansion of the accelerating cavity, avoiding accumulation of a massive low-energy background. In addition, the energy gain doubles compared to the predictions of scaling laws. Head-on collision of the resulting ultrabright beamswith another optical pulse produces, via TS, gigawatt γ -ray pulses having a sub-20% bandwidth, over 10 6 photons in a microsteradian observation cone, and the observation cone, and the mean energy tunable up to 16 MeV.
Method for Detection and Stereoscopic Measuring Lane Markers

A method for detection and stereoscopic measuring lane markers for safety driver assistance was proposed. Firstly, it was concerned on selecting an appropriate limited region of interest by OTSU segmentation, which would be candidate areas for lane boundaries detection by Sobel and piecewise fitting. Results of lane detection were combined with calibrated camera parameters for measuring distance between lane and ego car. Experiments show that lane markers can be detected correctly although some situations are fade. In order to detecting and measuring lane markers more precisely, several characteristics of test environments need to be considered in further.
Fee hunting in the Texas Trans Pecos area: a descriptive and economic analysis.

Previous studies of fee hunting have focused only on fee-hunting ranches with little consideration given to ranches that choose not to operate fee-hunting enterprises. Our study compares feed-hunting with non-fee-hunting ranches. The most important reasons given for engaging in fee hunting were increased income, trespass control, and prevention of nuisance requests for free hunts. The most important reason offered for choosing not to have fee hunting was to keep the ranch available for hunting by family and friends. The potential exists for a large expansion of private land fee hunting by current non-fee-hunting ranches. Ranchers with fee hunting were more likely to manage the grazing resources, wildlife population, and wildlife habitat than non-fee-hunting ranchers. The typical hunting enterprise in the Texas Trans Pecos ares provided a total annual net revenue of about $7,900. Average annual net grazing returns per livestock animal unit were smaller on fee-hunting ranches but fee-hunting revenue offset the difference. The fee-hunting enterprises also reduced risk by providing a second source of cash returns.
Preconcentration of Cd(II) by chemically converted graphene sheets adsorbed on surfactant- coated C18 before determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS)

A simple, highly sensitive, accurate and selective method for determination of trace amounts of Cd(II) in water samples is presented. A novel chemically converted graphene sheets (CCG) solid-phase extraction adsorbent was synthesized by CCG sheets. The stability of a CCG especially in concentrated hydrochloric acid was studied which used as a recycling and preconcentration reagent for further uses of CCG. The method is based on CCG of Cd(II) on surfactant-coated C18, modified with a CCG. The retained ions were then eluted with 4 ml of 4 M nitric acid and determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) at 283.3 nm for Cd. The influence of flow rates of sample and eluent solutions, pH, breakthrough volume, effect of foreign ions on chelation and recovery were investigated. 1.5 g of surfactant-coated C18 adsorbs 40 mg of the Schiff’s base which in turn can retain 15.2 ± 0.8 mg of each of the two ions. The limit of detection (3σ) for Cd(II) was found to be 3.20 ng L-1. The enrichment factors for both ions are 100. The mentioned method was successfully applied on determination of Cd in different water samples. The ions were also speciated by means of three-column system. Key words: Determination of Cd, preconcentration, chemically converted graphene sheets (CCG), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS).
NETWORK ON-CHIP AND ITS RESEARCH CHALLENGES

Networks-On-Chip (NoCs) have been proposed as a promising solution for power, performance demands and scalability of next generation Systems-On-Chip (SOCs) to overcome the several challenges of current SoC with conventional architecture. In this article, NoC, its architecture and features are presented. Further the article is extended with research challenges. Major areas of scope for research are addressed briefly with the view that microelectronic field researchers get benefitted. Performance analysing parameters and simulation tools for NoC are also included. Future SoC design needs lot of innovations and creativity to explore its complete features. Research on NoC is mandatory at this critical juncture.
"Peirols si fo uns paubres cavalliers": lire les troubadours dans les chansonniers A, I et K

L'article se propose d'explorer le role que vidas et miniatures jouent dans le projet porte par les chansonniers occitans ― d'origine venete voire venitienne ― A, I, et K, dans leur structuration, et dans le phenomene de reception et de relecture de la lyrique occitane dont temoignent ces manuscrits. Reposant sur une mise en serie de ces " biographies " et de ces " portraits ", realisee par la constitution d'une base de donnees et la mise en œuvre de divers types d'analyses statistiques (analyses factorielles notamment), l'article propose une lecture serielle des vidas et des miniatures, fondee sur le statut social du troubadour tel qu'evoque dans le texte biographique, en cherchant a decrire et a analyser tant le vocabulaire du texte que celui de l'image, pour mettre en lumiere la facon dont ces manuscrits cherchent a etablir une interpretation de la matiere lyrique qui s'axe sur le role du troubadour comme auteur.
INFLUENCE OF CERIUM ADDITION ON THE SYNTHESIS OF SOLIDS BASED ON PLATINUM SUPPORTED OVER ALUMINA-PILLARED CLAY.

The present work shows the preparation and characterization of a set of solids by modification of a natural clay with Al, Ce and Pt. The characterization of the solids by X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals the insertion of alumina pillars, whereas the subsequent impregnations of the pillared clay with Pt (II) or Ce (IV) do not lead to structural variations that can be observed by XRD. The characterization by nitrogen adsorption indicates that the incorporation of platinum species originates damages in the microporosity of the solid, while the addition of cerium prevents the deterioration of the textural properties
Creating aversions to locoweed in naive and familiar cattle.

The objective of this study was to determine if cattle that were familiar with white locoweed (Oxytropis sericea Nutt, ex T&G) could be aversively conditioned to avoid eating it. In the first preliminary trial, we tried to aversely condition native steers that were already eating locoweed. Six of 12 steers were penned, fed fresh-picked locoweed, then dosed via a stomach tube with lithium chloride (LiCl, 200 mg/kg BW). When released into the locoweed-infested pasture, they gradually increased locoweed consumption over the next 5 days. The conditioning procedure was repeated with a lower dose (100 mg/kg BW), but locoweed consumption increased within 10 days until they were consuming as much as the non-averted controls. In the second trial, we compared the strength and longevity of aversion between steers that were familiar with locoweed (n = 6) and naive steers (n = 6). Both groups were averted to locoweed as described in Trial 1 and returned to locoweed-infested pasture. The Familiar group decreased locoweed consumption for the first 2 days, then gradually increased locoweed consumption and extinguished the aversion. The Naive group subsequently refused to graze locoweed. In the third trial, aversions were reinforced following grazing locoweed in the pasture. Three steers from the Familiar group were allowed to graze locoweed for 30 min. periods, then were returned to the pen and dosed with LiCl (100 mg/kg BW). These steers were kept in the pen and allowed to recover for 36 hours. This reinforcement process following grazing was repeated 4 times. Steers in the Reinforced group abstained from eating locoweed when released into the locoweed-infested pasture for the remainder of the trial. Reinforcement of aversions following field grazing of locoweed prevented cattle that were familiar with locoweed from grazing it.
Research on the IPO underpricing of the Hong Kong growth enterprise market

According to the general practice of the international security markets, the new stock issue prices are often lower than the closing price of the first day. This means that the issue of the new stock exists in the Initial Public Offering (IPO) underpricing. This paper analyzes the HKGEM in an all-round approach from three aspects of market characteristics, market index and issuance pricing of stocks. It further studies the price decision model and the issuance pricing method of the stock correlated with the IPO underpricing on the growth market, and carries out a theoretical research into the IPO underpricing of the HKGEM on the basis of a combined market analysis of the HKGEM. The finding of this paper reveals that it carries out the statistical analysis of the IPO underpricing in the HKGEM from four perspectives for different years, different trades, and that whether there is a venture capital background on the main business in different areas separately. In this paper, we consider that the developing stage, market environment and investor state of the HKGEM are different from those in the developed nations.
WOODY EXTRACTS OF EUCALYPTUS CAMALDULENSIS BIOMASS

As one of dominant tree species of Eucalyptus plants, Eucalyptus camaldulensis is deemed as the renewable bioresources, however, the process properties of E. camaldulensis wood are further influenced by biomass extracts. Therefore, the molecular and leaching characteristics of E. camaldulensis woody extracts was studied and discussed to reuse the resources. The result shown that: (1) Among methanol, acetic ether and benzene/alcohol extraction, the optimal extraction time to reach the largest Lr of woody extracts was 12, 6 and 12 h, respectively; during the different sequential extractions, benzene/alcohol-methanol-acetic ether extraction were the best extracting method which Lr was up to 15.94 %. (2) The wood methanol extracts contained 53 components including γ-sitosterol (31.16), palmitic acid (14.53); the acetic ether extracts contained 78 components including γ-sitosterol (16.05), ethyl propionate (9.12); the benzene/alcohol extracts contained 54 components including cyclohexylbenzene (35.55), 3-methylcyclopentanebenzene (4.4 %). The methanol extracts and acetic ether extracts had a main retention time of 20-30 min, and the benzene/alcohol extracts were 10-20 min. Thus the woody extracts of E. camaldulensis had huge potential in biomedical resources.
Once Upon a Time... The function of storytelling in a startup lab

The field of entrepreneurship and the concept of startup companies have grown rapidly in Sweden during the last years and is further considered as a key to create more job opportunities, increased growth and welfare. As a result of this, different startup initiatives have been established in society that function as support organisations to new ventures. It is suggested that startups use storytelling as a part of their organisational process in order to uphold the approval from stakeholders and the public, which in turn affect the way that the startup are structured and how processes emerge in their daily activities. This report seeks to investigate how storytelling is taking place within a support function organisation and investigates seven startups companies that are members of the organisation. Furthermore, the report will use a theoretical framework consisting of learning, becoming, decoupling and legitimacy, within the perspective of storytelling. The results indicate that the function of storytelling consists of three main topics: creation of legitimacy, creation of identity and the relationship between storytelling and performance.
THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE USE OF NEW LIGANDS BASED ON BIPHENYL DERIVATES CONTAINING HYDRALAZINE AND ISONIAZIDE MOIETIES AS CHEMICAL SENSORS OF METAL IONS

Metal ions are of great signiﬁcance to the environment and biological system. Particularly, trivalent - iron, aluminium and chromium - and divalent - copper, mercury, cadmium, and zinc - cations are some of the more important. Among the different chemosensors, those based on ion-induced changes in fluorescence are especially suitable as they are easy to use and usually give an instantaneous response with high sensitivity. Recently we have designed and synthesized two new ligands derived from bis-vanillin. Both ligands were studied as fluorimetric sensors of trivalent cations. It was concluded that a combination of them can be used to discriminate between Fe3+, Al3+ and Cr3+. Based in these results, we present a theoretical study based on the Functional Density Theory related to the complexation types of both ligands with M3+ cations, which structures contained a hydrazoline or isoniazide moiety. Moreover, we realize a predictive theoretical study to explore the ligands' complexation with M2+ cations. The optimized structures of the ligands and their cation complexes are presented and discussed. In addition, for the M3+ complexes, we analyze the changes in the dihedral angle of the complexes structures and their connection with the experimental observations. The global energies of the optimized structures show that the complexes possess less energy than the isolated ligands. On the other hand, in all the cases the values ​​of the difference between HOMO and LUMO energies are determined to compare the energy gap and relate them to the effects observed in the UV bands.