Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global Inventory of Gas Geochemistry Data from Fossil Fuel, Microbial and Burning Sources, version 2017

Abstract. The concentration of atmospheric methane (CH4) has more than doubled over the industrial era. To help constrain global and regional CH4 budgets, inverse (top-down) models incorporate data on the concentration and stable carbon (δ13C) and hydrogen (δ2H) isotopic ratios of atmospheric CH4. These models depend on accurate δ13C and δ2H end-member source signatures for each of the main emissions categories. Compared with meticulous measurement and calibration of isotopic CH4 in the atmosphere, there has been relatively less effort to characterize globally representative isotopic source signatures, particularly for fossil fuel sources. Most global CH4 budget models have so far relied on outdated source signature values derived from globally nonrepresentative data. To correct this deficiency, we present a comprehensive, globally representative end-member database of the δ13C and δ2H of CH4 from fossil fuel (conventional natural gas, shale gas, and coal), modern microbial (wetlands, rice paddies, ruminants, termites, and landfills and/or waste) and biomass burning sources. Gas molecular compositional data for fossil fuel categories are also included with the database. The database comprises 10 706 samples (8734 fossil fuel, 1972 non-fossil) from 190 published references. Mean (unweighted) δ13C signatures for fossil fuel CH4 are significantly lighter than values commonly used in CH4 budget models, thus highlighting potential underestimation of fossil fuel CH4 emissions in previous CH4 budget models. This living database will be updated every 2–3 years to provide the atmospheric modeling community with the most complete CH4 source signature data possible. Database digital object identifier (DOI): https://doi.org/10.15138/G3201T .
Do Mangalica Pigs of Different Colours Really Belong to Different Breeds

genetic relationships among the indigenous Hungarian Mangalica swine breeds in farms at different geographical locations have been studied by ten microsatellite markers (S0005, S0090, S0101, S0155, S0355, S0386, SW24, SW240, SW857, SW951), in order to characterise the population and to give sound scientific basis for management practices. The work hypothesis - that Mangalica individuals form just one unpartitioned population - has been rejected. The estimated value of clusters in population is three and it is in content with the history of the breeds. The estimated distances (Ds, Da, Fst) were the smallest between Swallow-Belly and Blond, while the Red showed the largest genetic distance from the previous two breeds. This approach proves the existence of distinct populations and can be used for assignment of individuals with high probability value (in the range from 0.83 to 0.91) to the different Mangalica breeds if required.
A Study on General Allometric Relationships Developed for Biomass Estimation in Regional Scale Taking the Example of Tectona grandis Grown in Bundelkhand Region of India

In this communication an effort has been made to develop a general non-site specific allometric relationship taking Tectona grandis grown in semi-arid Bundelkhand region without harvesting any tree. To determine the most appropriate predictor variable for producing the relationship, different physiological parameters of this tree species like diameter at breast height (dbh), basal diameter, tree height, forking height, collar diameter, etc. were collected from the standing trees from MP part of Bundelkhand region, comprising a total of 45 sites of 4 districts namely Guna, Vidisha, Chhatarpur and Tikamgarh. The dataset contained 418 trees with biomass ranging from 12.79 kg/tree to 12707.92 kg/tree, height ranging from 1.5 to 18.5 m and dbh ranging from 0.03 to 0.44 m. For developing the models; dbh, height, dbh  height and dbh  height were used as predictor variables. All four contrasting sites were taken for developing allometric models and after examining model residuals and site-specific relationships, it was found that using dbh  height alone as the predictor variable produced the most stable model. Thus it makes regional estimation of aboveground biomass production easier with precision as accurate as site-specific allometry.
Valence band engineering and thermoelectric performance optimization in SnTe by Mn-alloying via a zone-melting method

Tin telluride (SnTe) has recently attracted lots of interest due to its potential thermoelectric application as a lead-free rock-salt analogue of PbTe. However, pristine SnTe samples have high hole concentration due to the presence of intrinsic Sn vacancies, and shows a low Seebeck coefficient and high electrical thermal conductivity, resulting in poor thermoelectric performance. In this report, we show that zone-melted SnTe systems with additional Mn (1–7 mol%) can control the hole concentration by reducing the Sn vacancies, and modulate the electronic band structure by increasing the band gap and decreasing the energy separation between the light and heavy hole valence bands. Therefore, alloying with additional Mn enhances the contribution of the heavy hole valence band and significantly improves the Seebeck coefficient in SnMnxTe with the highest value of ∼270 μV K−1. A record power factor of 31.9 μW cm−1 K−2 has been obtained at 820 K. The maximum thermoelectric figure of merit ZT of ∼1.25 is found at 920 K for the high quality crystalline ingot of p-type SnMn0.07Te.
Using Johnson's Transformation With Approximate Test Statistics for the Simple Regression Slope Homogeneity

Abstract The authors used Johnson's transformation with approximate test statistics to test the homogeneity of simple linear regression slopes when both xij and xij may have nonnormal distributions and there is Type I heteroscedasticity, Type II heteroscedasticity, or complete heteroscedasticity. The test statistic t was first transformed by Johnson's method for each group to correct the nonnormality and to correct the heteroscedasticity; also an approximate test, such as the Welch test or the DeShon-Alexander test, was applied to test the homogeneity of the regression slopes. Computer simulations showed that the proposed technique can control Type I error rate under various circumstances. Finally, the authors provide an example to demonstrate the calculation.
NEXT-BEST-VIEW METHOD BASED ON CONSECUTIVE EVALUATION OF TOPOLOGICAL RELATIONS

Abstract. This work describes an iterative algorithm for estimating optimal viewpoints, so called next-best-views (NBVs). The goal is to incrementally construct a topological network from the scene during the consecutive acquisition of several views. Our approach is a hybrid method between a surface-based and a volumetric approach with a continuous model space. Hence, a new scan taken from an optimal position should either cover as much as possible from the unknown object surface in one single scan, or densify the existing data and close possible gaps. Based on the point density, we recover the essential and structural information of a scene based on the Growing Neural Gas (GNG) algorithm. From the created graph representation of topological relations, the density of the point cloud at each network node is estimated by approximating the volume of Voronoi cells. The NBV Finder selects a network node as NBV, which has the lowest point density. Our NBV method is self-terminating when all regions reach a predefined minimum point density or the change of the GNG error is zero. For evaluation, we use a Buddha statue with a rather simple surface geometry but still some concave parts and the Stanford Dragon with a more complex object surface containing occluded and concave parts. We demonstrate that our NBV method outperforms a “naive random” approach relying on uniformly distributed sensor positions in terms of efficiency, i.e. our proposed method reaches a desired minimum point density up to 20% faster with less scans.
Information Encryption and Hiding into an Image By Steganography Methods to Improve Data Security

Nowadays, data security has become very important. A data can be hidden with a steganography technique into text, image, audio and video files. Steganography is used widely data security applications. But there are stegoanalysis methods that provides obtaining hidden data. To prevent this, steganography can be used with cryptography or different methods. Cryptography is not enough alone for data security sometimes. In this study, the information is encrypted and hidden because of it is important to prevent capture of information by undesirable persons. Firstly, plain text is encrypted with RSA encryption algorithm and then encrypted data is hidden into an image for data security in this study. Stego image consist of text and an image which is data hidden into an image. We show that how is hidden information and besides how visual difference is become on example images.
Population Genetic Structure of Asclepias Tuberosa In Northwest Iowa: A Comparison Within and Between Remnant Prairies and Commercially Available Seed

Isolated in scattered remnants, less than 0.1% of Iowa's original tallgrass prairie remains. The small populations remaining are at risk for reduced genetic diversity, inbreeding depression, and outbreeding depression. In light of these concerns, we used microsatellite analysis to assess the genetic structure of butterfly milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa) populations on prairie remnants in northwest Iowa. We compared remnant populations with a restoration population at Dordt College in Sioux Center, Iowa, and with an Oklahoma seed source. Microsatellites identified for use in common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) had sufficient polymorphism information content (PIC) across the butterfly milkweed (A. tuberosa) populations sampled (mean PIC = 0.624). The FIS values indicated a lack of inbreeding (mean FIS = −0.1455) even in the commercially expanded seed. The pairwise FST values showed a low degree of differentiation among the remnants (mean FST = 0.0453) but a moderate degree (mean FST = 0.105) of differentiatio.
The Effects of an Inter-Regional Transfer with Empire-Building Regional Governments

This paper is concerned primarily with the economic and welfare consequences of federal redis-tributive grants to regional governments. We use a model that has two regions, each with house-holds, firms, and a regional government as well as a federal government. The households, firms, and regional governments are all optimizers – households maximize utility, firms maximize prof-its, and we assume that regional governments are empire-builders in that they choose their expen-diture and tax levels so as to maximize total expenditure – the size of their empire. Labor is free to move between regions in response to utility differences and does so until such differences have been eliminated. Interregional migration and federal government redistribution are the main sources of interconnectedness between the two regions. The model is linearized in log-differences and simulated using Australian state-level data. We find that the welfare effects of intergovern-mental transfers are trivial but that all other variables of interest change substantially – consump-tion, employment, taxes, wages, output, and government expenditure. The welfare effects of a federal transfer are little influenced by the choice of empire-building rather than beneficent regional governments, but the influence on other variables is substantial.
A multimethodology for hospital process redesign

Hospitals are complex organizations, faced with major challenges. They are required to reach higher cost efficiency, while improving treatment quality and achieving patient-focused care. Yet, hospitals are still fragmented organizations, which prevents them from reaching these targets. In this article, we propose a multimethodology to achieve coordination and integration between different hospital departments involved in the same care process. Our proposition combines Soft Systems Methodology, Discrete Event Simulation, benchmarking and Service Blueprinting. It offers both qualitative and quantitative aspects, and takes into account both the logical/technical and the social/political dimensions of interventions and change management in organizations. The multimethodology is evaluated on a project in outpatient chemotherapy delivery within a partner hospital. Solutions are generated and refined for the problem of patient waiting times. The study makes a methodological contribution, by proposing this multimethodology. It also offers a practical solution concept for outpatient chemotherapy planning.
Should competing firms reveal their capacity?

In this article, we explore when firms have an incentive to hide (or reveal) their capacity information. We consider two firms that aim to maximize profits over time and face limited capacity. One or both of the firms have private information on their own capacity levels, and they update their beliefs about their rival's capacity based on their observation of the other firm's output. We focus on credible revelation mechanisms—a firm may signal its capacity through overproduction, compared to its myopic production levels. We characterize conditions when high‐capacity firms may have the incentive and capability to signal their capacity levels by overproduction. We show that prior beliefs about capacity play a crucial, and surprisingly complex, role on whether the firm would prefer to reveal its capacity or not. A surprising result is that, despite the fact that it may be best for the high‐capacity firm to overproduce to reveal its capacity when capacity information is private, it may end up with more profits than if all capacity information were public knowledge in the first place. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2013
Chemical composition of hulled, dehulled and naked oat grains

The objective of the work was to evaluate the influence of genetic and mechanical removal of hulls from oat grains on their nutrient content. The studies included three cultivars and six lines of oat grains. In grain samples of hulled (5 samples), dehulled (5 samples) and naked (4 samples) oats, the following components were determined: chemical composition (ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre and its components) and amino acids and fatty acid composition. The grain of naked and dehulled oats contained significantly more crude protein, crude fat and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and considerably less saturated fatty acids and crude fibre than hulled oats. In addition, the dietary fibre composition was more favourable than the naked oats. The coefficients of nutritional values of the protein (total essential amino acids, essential amino acid index and amino acids score) of naked oats were higher than hulled and dehulled oats. In all the tested oat grain samples, lysine was the most limiting amino acid. The study showed that genetic and mechanical reduction of the proportion of hulls in oat grains resulted in a significant decrease in dietary fibre content and a significant increase in nutrient content.
Spring rotifer community structure in the Alcantara River (Sicily, Italy), using different mesh size nets: relation to environmental factors

The present study focus on some aspects of zooplankton structure in the Alcantara River (Sicily, Italy), in relation to environmental factors. Zooplankton samplings were performed in spring in four sites, located from up- to downstream along the river course. Four low-flow velocity station points were chosen along a transversal river section in each site. Samples were taken from all station points in the four sites by two different mesh sizes (55 and 100 mm) rectangular nets. Rotifer abundances were an order of magnitude higher in 55 mm mesh size samples than in 100 mm mesh size ones. The two communities also resulted significantly different (ANOSIM test, r= 0.212; P= 0.1%). Generally, low abundances (from 3470 i 5133 to 422 i 474 ind.m x3 ) were explained by low chlorophyll a concentration and the high- flow regime of this river. Rotifer dominated the zooplankton community. Cladocerans, copepods and nauplii occurred with considerably lower abundances than rotifers. However, the relative contributions of these taxa to total abundances depended on the mesh sizes used. Euchlanis and Adineta genera exhibited the highest abundances in the rotifer assemblage. Conductivity alone or in association with temperature and dissolved oxygen was the most important environmental factor affecting rotifer community distribution. Cephalodella sp. , Lepadella sp. and Trichotria pocillum showed a high positive relation to pico-plankton, showing this fraction as a possible rotifer food item. This paper demonstrated a higher efficiency of the finest net to characterize riverine zooplankton community that increases from up to downstream in terms of abundances and diversity.
WHITE-TAILED DEER BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE TO PREDATOR FECES

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus dakotensis) rely upon their ability to recognize predators. Avoidance of predators can be due to innate or learned behaviors. We tested the hypothesis that white-tailed deer fawns raised in a controlled setting with no exposure to native predators would have the innate ability to recognize predator feces via an alert response. To test our hypothesis, fawns were released into a pen in which predator feces or a control were placed. Predator feces evaluated included gray wolf (Canis lupus), mountain lion (Puma concolor), coyote (Canis latrans), and Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris). Plaster-of-Paris formed to a shape similar to feces and eastern cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus) feces were used as controls. Presence of an alert response to feces was documented during 180-second trials. Vigilance behavior of fawns to gray wolf, mountain lion, and coyote feces was higher (P < 0.10) than that for cottontail rabbit, Bengal tiger, and the control. White-tailed deer fawns demonstrated an innate behavioral response to the presence of feces of native predators.
The look of ageing: Agelessness as post-feminist cool? - The aging female CEO in contemporary US TV series

Recently, older women have started becoming more visible in the media: in film, on television, and in fashion and beauty ads. Taking as my case the representations of the ageing woman as successful CEO in three recent US television series, I address the kind of visibility that is embodied by the older female character in contemporary media. Drawing on discussions of ageing and the female body from cultural gerontology and cultural studies as well as theoretical discussions and empirical studies of representations of ageing women in film and television, I address the notions of agelessness and age appropriateness in relation to the three female CEOs and ask whether the characters represent alternative media images of the older female or merely a new form of ageism.
Water Droplet Calibration of a Cloud Droplet Probe and In-Flight Performance 2 onboard the NOAA WP-3 D in Liquid , Ice and Mixed-Phase Clouds during 3 ARCPAC 4 5

17 Laboratory calibrations of the CDP sample area and droplet sizing are performed 18 using water droplets of known size, generated at a known rate. Following calibration, the 19 sizing bias is shown to be less than 15% and the sample area is determined to within 10% 20 for 12 um and 22 um diameter droplets. However, comparison with an independent 21 measure of liquid water content (LWC) during in-flight operation suggests much greater 22 biases in the droplet size and/or droplet concentration measured by the CDP. Since the 23 bias in CDP-LWC is strongly concentration dependent, we hypothesize that this 24 discrepancy is a result of coincidence, when two or more droplets pass through the CDP 25 laser beam within a very short time. The coincidence error, most frequently resulting 26 from the passage of one droplet outside and one inside the instrument sample area at the 27 same time, is evaluated in terms of an “extended sample area” (SAE), the area in which 28 individual droplets can affect the sizing detector without necessarily registering on the 29 qualifier. SAE is calibrated using standardized water droplets, and used in a Monte-Carlo 30 simulation to estimate the effect of coincidence on the measured droplet size 31
A Canary in a Coalmine: Intertextuality of Newspaper Headlines

The article, first of all, addresses the issue of the role and importance of intertextuality in verbal and visual texts in general. In particular, the focus is on the mass media, namely, newspaper headlines which are treated as texts interacting both with the article texts and the surrounding world, established in the reader’s schemata. Headlines, consequently, fulfil a multipurpose function: convey the information, contained in the article, set the tone of the newspaper, reflect various emotions etc. British quality and compact newspapers, The Daily Express, The Times, The Independent, The Guardian, The Observer, and The Daily Telegraph, served as the object of this research. The aim was to show the functioning of intertextual links and point to the domains of their reference. Such approaches as content analysis, critical discourse analysis and discourse analysis were used to prove the importance of intertextuality in developing the reader’s critical reading activities. The analysis prompted that intertextual links function intertextually (endophorically) and intratextually (exophorically). The sphere of their referencing is wide and heterogeneous; it includes the royal family, events in other countries, politics, literature, art, military sphere, language.
Reproduction of the red mason solitary bee Osmia rufa (syn. Osmia bicornis) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in various habitats

Osmia rufa L. (Osmia bicornis L.) is a species of a solitary bee, which pollinates many wild and cultivated plants. A total of 900 cocoons containing mature individuals of Osmia rufa L. (450 females and 450 males of a known weight), were placed in each of four habitats (orchard, mixed forest, hay meadow and arboretum of the Dendrology Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences at Kornik). These bees were provided with artificial nests made of the stems of common reed. The following parameters were calculated: reproduction dynamics, total number of chambers built by females, mean number of breeding chambers per reed tube and mean number of cocoons per tube. Included in the analysis were also the nectar flowers and weather conditions recorded in each of the habitats studied. General linear mixed models indicated that the highest number of chambers was recorded in the hay meadow (6.6 per tube). However, the number of cocoons per tube was similar in the hay meadow, forest and orchard (4.5-4.8 per tube) but was significantly lower in the arboretum (3.0 cocoons per tube on average). Also, the highest reproduction coefficient, 317.5%, was recorded in the hay meadows. Some nests were also parasitized and the highest mean number of infected chambers per tube (0.68) was recorded in the forest. The number of chambers was positively related to temperature. These results indicate that habitat had a significant effect on the reproduction of the red mason bee.