Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How is the NHS Low-Calorie Diet Programme expected to produce behavioural change to support diabetes remission: An examination of underpinning theory.

Background In 2020, the National Health Service Low-Calorie Diet Programme (NHS-LCD) was launched, piloting a total diet (TDR) replacement intervention with behaviour change support for people living with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and excess weight. Four independent service providers were commissioned to design and deliver theoretically grounded programmes in localities across England. Aims 1) to develop a logic model detailing how the NHS-LCD programme is expected to produce changes in health behaviour, and (2) to analyse and evaluate the use of behaviour change theory in providers' NHS-LCD Programme designs. Methods A documentary review was conducted. Information was extracted from the NHS-LCD service specification documents on how the programme expected to produce outcomes. The Theory Coding Scheme (TCS) was used to analyse theory use in providers' programme design documents. Results The NHS-LCD logic model included techniques aimed at enhancing positive outcome expectations of programme participation and beliefs about social approval of behaviour change, to facilitate programme uptake and behaviour change intentions. This was followed by techniques aimed at shaping knowledge and enhancing the ability of participants to self-regulate their health behaviours, alongside a supportive social environment and person-centred approach.Application and type of behaviour change theory within service providers' programme designs varied. One provider explicitly linked theory to programme content; two providers linked 63% and 70% of intervention techniques to theory; and there was limited underpinning theory identified in the programme design documents for one of the providers. Conclusion The nature and extent of theory use underpinning the NHS-LCD varied greatly amongst service providers, with some but not all intervention techniques explicitly linked to theory. How this relates to outcomes across providers should be evaluated. It is recommended that explicit theory use in programme design and evidence of its implementation becomes a requirement of future NHS commissioning processes.
Population identification strategies for counterfeit coin detection

Advances in manufacturing, 3‐d imaging, and globalization have led to a rise in fraudulent coinage and a world‐wide interest in coin authentication. Modern manufacturing methods allow the alloy, construction, and struck image of coins to be more readily reproduced. Larger coin denominations and efforts to reduce the cost of coining add additional incentive. Detection of fraudulent coinage can parallel authentication of food, beverages, and manufactured goods by studying product‐inherent features. Reverse‐quality‐engineering provides clues to authenticity. One promising method is in the use of finite mixture models to compare individual measurements of groups of coins to assist in authentication. An example is provided using the coin weights of two groups of coins. Authentication of a Questioned set of coins is explored, comparing the weight population of Example coins drawn from circulation with the weights of a Questioned set drawn from an unknown origin. In the test, just over half of the Questioned coin set matched the distribution of the Example coin set. The other portion, nearly half of the coin sample, did not match the Example coins drawn from circulation. If this were combined with a similar analysis of other coin properties, similar results would help validate the finding. The example shows that groups of coins can be authenticated by using one or more measures of properties of populations of Questioned coins versus Example coins that are largely authentic.
Is vaccination against COVID-19 associated with autoimmune rheumatic disease flare? A self-controlled case series analysis

Abstract Objectives To investigate the association between vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and autoimmune rheumatic disease (AIRD) flare. Material and methods Patients with AIRDs vaccinated against COVID-19 who consulted for disease flare between 1 December 2020 and 31 December 2021 were ascertained in Clinical Practice Research Datalink (Aurum). AIRD flare was defined as consultation for AIRD with CS prescription on the same day or the next day. Vaccination was defined using date of vaccination and product code. The observation period was partitioned into vaccine-exposed (21 days after vaccination), pre-vaccination (7 days before vaccination) and remaining vaccine-unexposed periods. Participants contributed data with multiple vaccinations and outcomes. Season adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) and 95% CI were calculated using self-controlled case series analysis. Results Data for 3554 AIRD cases, 72% female, mean age 65 years and 68.3% with RA, were included. COVID-19 vaccination was associated with significantly fewer AIRD flares in the 21-day vaccine-exposed period when all vaccinations were considered [aIRR (95% CI) 0.89 (0.80, 0.98)]. Using dose-stratified analyses there was a statistically significant negative association in the 21 days after first COVID-19 vaccination but no association after the second or third COVID-19 vaccinations [aIRR (95% CI) 0.76 (0.66, 0.89), 0.94 (0.79, 1.11) and 1.01 (0.85, 1.20), respectively]. On AIRD-type stratified analyses, vaccination was not associated with disease flares. Vaccination without or after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, and with vectored DNA or mRNA vaccines, associated with comparable reduced risk of AIRD flares in the vaccine-exposed period after first COVID-19 vaccination. Conclusions Vaccination against COVID-19 was not associated with increased AIRD flares regardless of prior COVID-19, AIRD type, and whether mRNA or DNA vaccination technology were used.
Rho-Kinase Inhibition Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease In Type 2 Diabetic Rats.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and insulin resistance. The Rho/ROCK pathway had been involved in the pathophysiology of diabetic complications. This study was designed to assess the possible protective impacts of the Rho/Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (Rho/ROCK) inhibitor fasudil against NAFLD in T2DM rats trying to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Animals were assigned into control rats, non-treated diabetic rats with NAFLD, and diabetic rats with NAFLD that received fasudil treatment (10 mg/kg per day) for 6 weeks. The anthropometric measures and biochemical analyses were performed to assess metabolic and liver function changes. The inflammatory and oxidative stress markers and the histopathology of rat liver tissues were also investigated. Groups with T2DM showed increased body weight, serum glucose, and insulin resistance. They exhibited disturbed lipid profile, enhancement of inflammatory cytokines, and deterioration of liver function. Fasudil administration reduced body weight, insulin resistance, and raised liver enzymes. It improved the disturbed lipid profile and attenuated liver inflammation. Moreover, it slowed down the progression of high fat diet (HFD)-induced liver injury and reduced the caspase-3 expression. The present study demonstrated beneficial amelioration effect of fasudil on NAFLD in T2DM. The mechanisms underlying these impacts are improving dyslipidemia, attenuating oxidative stress, downregulated inflammation, improving mitochondrial architecture, and inhibiting apoptosis.
Relationship between short latency stretch reflex and fascicle behavior in the soleus muscle in vivo

Abstract Objectives: Stretch reflex responses were considered to be affected by the velocity of muscle fiber lengthening and angular velocity. However, the results of previous studies in vivo and in vitro are inconsistent in this regard. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of the velocity of fascicle lengthening on the amplitude of the stretch reflex for each trial with a high angular velocity and wide range of motion. Methods: Thirteen healthy men volunteered for this study. While the ankle was passively moved from 100 to 80 deg at five different angular velocities (100, 200, 300, 500, and 600 deg⋅s-1), the velocity of fascicle lengthening in the soleus muscle was measured using ultrasonography. In addition, the amplitude of the short latency stretch reflex in the soleus muscle was also measured. Results: As angular velocity increased, the amplitude of the stretch reflex and velocity of fascicle lengthening significantly increased (both p<0.001). For each trial in all subjects, the amplitude of the stretch reflex was not correlated with the velocity of fascicle lengthening at any of the angular velocities. Conclusion: In conclusion, the stretch reflex size is not related to the fascicle behavior in each trial.
Direct observation of the molecular mechanism underlying protein polymerization

Protein assembly is a main route to generating complexity in living systems. Revealing the relevant molecular details is challenging because of the intrinsic heterogeneity of species ranging from few to hundreds of molecules. Here, we use mass photometry to quantify and monitor the full range of actin oligomers during polymerization with single-molecule sensitivity. We find that traditional nucleation-based models cannot account for the observed distributions of actin oligomers. Instead, the key step of filament formation is a slow transition between distinct states of an actin filament mediated by cation exchange or ATP hydrolysis. The resulting model reproduces important aspects of actin polymerization, such as the critical concentration for filament formation and bulk growth behavior. Our results revise the mechanism of actin nucleation, shed light on the role and function of actin-associated proteins, and introduce a general and quantitative means to studying protein assembly at the molecular level.
The Journey of Individuation: Experiences of Chinese Patients Treated by Western Psychoanalysts in Online Psychodynamic Psychotherapy

This qualitative study focuses on the process of treatment over the internet from a psychodynamic perspective based on the experiences of seventeen patients in China who underwent online treatment by psychoanalysts based in the United States or other Western nations. The data were collected and analyzed using psychodynamic themes. Seventeen participants involved in online cross-national and cross-cultural psychodynamic treatment were recruited in China. Various themes in regard to the process of online treatment in a cross-national and cross-cultural context emerged. Findings indicate the following: (1) in contrast to traditional relational patterns, psychodynamic treatment provides a new relationship model; (2) psychodynamic treatment creates a space of self-reflection for Chinese patients in terms of their relationships; (3) the therapeutic setting emphasizes clear boundaries, free space, equal relationships, and emotional expression for patients. The results provide new insights into self-examination, which frees patients from the inflexible aspects of traditional relationships, family hierarchies, and rigid cultural values. In addition, psychodynamic treatment in a cross-national and cross-cultural setting not only enables patients to work through their trauma but also empowers them to explore their unique journey of individuation.
Acute kidney injury in group A streptococcal bacteraemia: incidence, outcome and predictive value of C-reactive protein

Abstract Background A ubiquitous human pathogen, Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus, GAS) causes infections from mild pharyngitis to severe septic infections. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a condition of prompt decline of renal function. The aim of the present study was to report the incidence and outcome of AKI in GAS bacteraemia and to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum C-reactive protein as an indicator of AKI. Methods All adult patients with GAS bacteraemia treated at Turku University Hospital from 2007 to 2018 were identified and their patient records were scrutinised. Results Of 195 included patients, 38 (19.5%) had AKI stage 1, 20 (10.3%) AKI stage 2 and 26 (13.3%) AKI stage 3 and 111 (56.9%) did not have AKI. The adjusted seven-day mortality was significantly higher in AKI stages 2 and 3 compared to the non-AKI group (15% and 19% vs. 3.6%; p = .046 and .006, respectively). Of the survivors, 95.8% met the criteria of renal recovery at discharge. The higher the AKI stage, the higher was the mean serum CRP level on admission. The optimal cut-off for CRP to identify patients with AKI stage 2 or 3 was ≥244 mg/l (sensitivity 82.6% and specificity 75.8%). Conclusions AKI is common in patients with GAS bacteraemia and the severity of AKI correlates with the CRP level on admission. The mortality of patients with GAS bacteraemia and AKI is significantly higher than of patients without AKI. Most survivors, however, show renal recovery. Key Message AKI is common in group A Streptococcal bacteraemia and increases mortality compared to bacteraemia alone. However, renal recovery is also common. A high CRP level on admission correlates significantly positively with the degree of severity of AKI.
Quantum public-key cryptosystems based on induced trapdoor one-way transformations

A concept named induced trapdoor one-way quantum transformation (OWQT) has been introduced, and a theoretical framework of public-key encryption (PKE) of quantum message is presented based on it. Then several kinds of quantum public-key encryption (QPKE) protocols, such as quantum version PKE of RSA, ElGamal, Goldwasser-Micali, elliptic curve, McEliece, Niederreiter and Okamoto-Tanaka-Uchiyama, are given within this framework. Though all of these protocols are only computationally secure, the last three are probably secure in post-quantum era. Besides, theoretical frameworks for public-key authentication and signature of quantum message are also given based on the induced trapdoor OWQT. As examples, a public-key authentication protocol of quantum message based on SN-S authentication scheme and two quantum digital signature protocols based on RSA and McEliece algorithms respectively are presented.
Matching-adjusted indirect comparison of axi-cel and liso-cel in relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma

Abstract In the absence of a randomized head-to-head trial, an unanchored matching-adjusted indirect comparison was performed to estimate the relative treatment effects of axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel; ZUMA-1) versus lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel; TRANSCEND-NHL-001) for treatment of relapsed/refractory (R/R) large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) after at least two lines of therapy. After matching, axi-cel and liso-cel had comparable objective response rates and duration. Compared to liso-cel, axi-cel was associated with improvements in overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.53 [95% CI: 0.34–0.82]) and progression-free survival (HR: 0.61 [95% CI: 0.40–0.92]). Axi-cel was associated with a higher rate of grade ≥3 cytokine release syndrome (odds ratio [OR]: 3.64 [95% CI: 1.04–12.76]) and neurological events (OR: 3.45 [95% CI: 1.65–7.19]), with smaller differences estimated in scenario analyses including ZUMA-1 safety management cohorts. Results suggest axi-cel improved survival compared to liso-cel but with increased odds of specific adverse events.
Multidimensional optomechanical cantilevers for high-frequency force sensing

High-frequency atomic force microscopy has enabled extraordinary new science through large bandwidth, high-speed measurements of atomic and molecular structures. However, traditional optical detection schemes restrict the dimensions, and therefore the frequency, of the cantilever—ultimately setting a limit to the time resolution of experiments. Here we demonstrate optomechanical detection of low-mass, high-frequency nanomechanical cantilevers (up to 20 MHz) and anticipate their use for single-molecule force measurements. These cantilevers achieve 2 fm Hz − 1 / 2 ? > displacement noise floors, and force sensitivity down to 132 aN Hz − 1 / 2 ? > . Furthermore, the ability to resolve both in-plane and out-of-plane motion of our cantilevers makes them excellent candidates for ultrasensitive multidimensional force spectroscopy, and optomechanical interactions, such as tuning of the cantilever frequency in situ, provide opportunities in high-speed, high-resolution experiments.
Real-world data meta-analysis: procedural success and clinical outcomes after radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation in South America

ABSTRACT Objective To profile patients’ characteristics, in-hospital results, and recurrence rates after radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation (RAAF) in South America. Methods We comprehensively searched for single-center studies from South America with ≥10 patients receiving RAAF, published or presented from January 1, 2010, through June 29, 2020, excluding those reports aimed to specific populations such as permanent atrial fibrillation, structural cardiopathies, or re-do procedures. Results Main pooled estimates from a random-effects meta-analysis that included 3909 patients from 27 cohorts (from 5 countries): a) Patients characteristics: age 57.6 years (95% CI 55.7–59.5), male gender 71.5% (95% CI 67.0–75.6%), hypertension 54.2% (95% CI 45.4–62.8%), paroxysmal atrial fibrillation 79.8% (95% CI 71.3–94.5%), CHADS score 1.2 (95% CI 0.5–1.9), b) Acute procedural success 91.1% (95% CI 82.2–95.8%), c) In-hospital complications: stroke 0.6% (95% CI 0.3–1.2%), cardiac tamponade 2.3% (95% CI 1.4–3.7), hematoma 3.5% (95% CI 2.0–6.1), pseudoaneurysm 1.2% (95% CI 0.6–2.3), arteriovenous fistula 2.5% (95% CI 1.6–4.1). There were no cases of esophageal-atrial fistula nor death. Pooled estimate for arrhythmia recurrence (excluded 3-months blanking period) at 12 months was 19.9% (95% CI 17.0–23.1). Conclusion In-hospital results of RAAF reported for South American centers were worse than published international registries, even when included populations profile was of lower risk, as reflected in younger age and less prevalence of non-paroxysmal AF. Late recurrence rates seemed appropriate. This study provides a real-life framework for the analysis of the performance of this technology in the region.
Three Variables Suffice for Real-Time Specification

A natural framework for real-time specification is monadic first-order logic over the structure $(\mathbb{R},<,+1)$---the ordered real line with unary $+1$ function. Our main result is that $(\mathbb{R},<,+1)$ has the 3-variable property: every monadic first-order formula with at most 3 free variables is equivalent over this structure to one that uses 3 variables in total. As a corollary we obtain also the 3-variable property for the structure $(\mathbb{R},<,f)$ for any fixed linear function $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$. On the other hand, we exhibit a countable dense linear order $(E,<)$ and a bijection $f:E\rightarrow E$ such that $(E,<,f)$ does not have the $k$-variable property for any $k$.
Dietary Manganese Intake and Risk of Liver Cancer in Japanese Men and Women: The JACC Study

Abstract We explored the association between dietary manganese intake and the risk of liver cancer in 14,517 men and 21,583 women who participated in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Cancer Risk Assessment. We assessed dietary manganese intake using a food frequency questionnaire and incident liver cancer by reviewing cancer registries. According to manganese intake, we estimated the liver cancer risk by Cox regression analyses. During the 513,657 person-year follow-ups within a median of 17.9 years of 36,100 participants, there were 239 incident cases of liver cancer. The multivariable hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [CI]; P-trend) for liver cancer risk in the highest vs. the lowest quintiles of dietary manganese intake was 0.56 (0.32–0.99; 0.04) in men and 1.16 (0.56–2.40; 0.79) in women; P-interaction = 0.06. The history of liver disease modified the observed association in men (P-interaction = 0.02), in which the multivariable HR (95%CI) of liver cancer risk comparing the highest vs. lowest quintiles of dietary manganese intake was 0.32 (0.14–0.74) in Japanese men without a history of liver disease, while it was 1.54 (0.62–3.79) in men with a history of liver disease. In conclusion, a higher dietary manganese intake was associated with a lower risk of liver cancer in men without a history of liver disease.
The Boston ASL Template and Simulator: Initial development and implementation

Templates are a hallmark of image analysis in neuroimaging. However, while numerous structural templates exist and have facilitated single‐subject and large group studies, templates based on functional contrasts, such as arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion, are scarce, have an inherently low spatial resolution, and are not as widely distributed. Having such tools at one's disposal is desirable, for example, in the case of studies not acquiring structural scans. We here propose an initial development of an ASL adult template based on high‐resolution fast spin echo acquisitions.
TRIT1 defect leads to a recognizable phenotype of myoclonic epilepsy, speech delay, strabismus, progressive spasticity, and normal lactate levels

TRIT1 defect is a rare, autosomal‐recessive disorder of transcription, initially described as a condition with developmental delay, myoclonic seizures, and abnormal mitochondrial function. Currently, only 13 patients have been reported. We reviewed the genetic, clinical, and metabolic aspects of the disease in all known patients, including two novel, unrelated TRIT1 cases with abnormalities in oxidative phosphorylation complexes I and IV in fibroblasts. Taken together the features of all 15 patients, TRIT1 defect could be identified as a potentially recognizable syndrome including myoclonic epilepsy, speech delay, strabismus, progressive spasticity, and variable microcephaly, with normal lactate levels. Half of the patients had oxidative phosphorylation complex measurements and had multiple complex abnormalities.
Effects of mobile Health (mHealth) application on cervical cancer prevention knowledge and screening among women social support groups with low-socioeconomic status in Mysuru city, Southern India

Background Cervical cancer is an important area of action because of the mortality and morbidity of the disease, and the potential for effective prevention by screening. Involving the social support groups by health education improves cervical cancer screening and early detection of the disease in the community. In the ongoing efforts to strengthen cervical cancer prevention, control, and management, digital health and technology will have a significant role to play. Objective To assess the effectiveness of the mHealth-based intervention on cervical cancer preparedness among women social support groups. Materials & methods A pre-post interventional study was conducted among women social support groups from lower socio-economic status, identified from the field practice area. Purposive sampling technique was employed. A Cervical Cancer Awareness Measure (CAM) instrument was used to assess the cancer preparedness among the social support group women After taking inputs from the stakeholders’ mobile health application was developed. The mHealth educational intervention was given to 102 women. Both pre-and post-test questionnaires were administered through mHealth application to assess the change in knowledge after a gap of 1 month to 2 months. The data obtained was coded and entered into Microsoft Excel worksheet 2016 and was later imported and analyzed using SPSS version 22 (licensed to the Institute). The difference in median scores of knowledge and practice were interpreted as statistically significant at p value of < 0.05. Results & conclusion Before the intervention only 13 (12.7%) of them had heard about cervical cancer. There was a significant increase in the knowledge about warning signs & symptoms, risk factors of cervical cancer, and HPV vaccination. Around 5% increase in Pap smear test uptake.