Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abundance and seasonal distribution of the Southern North Carolina estuarine system stock (USA) of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)

Under the US Marine Mammal Protection Act, common bottlenose dolphins along the United States Atlantic coast are managed as a series of 17 distinct stocks. To determine the status of each stock, the Potential Biological Removal (PBR) is compared with anthropogenic removals, primarily as a result of fisheries bycatch. Estimates of abundance, with associated measures of variance, are required to generate the PBR for each stock. The objectives of the current study were to estimate abundance for the Southern North Carolina Estuarine System Stock (SNCESS) of common bottlenose dolphins and to better define the southern boundary of this stock. To meet these objectives, photo-identification surveys were conducted during the summer and winter of 2014 in estuarine and nearshore coastal waters in southern North Carolina. The surveys extended 25km South of the defined southern stock boundary, along the northern South Carolina coast. One mark and one recapture survey were conducted for each season. Each survey was completed in four or five days and covered over 300km of survey tracklines. Dorsal fin images were processed and managed using FinBase, and only images of suitable quality and distinctiveness were used for estimates of abundance. A three-step decision tree was used to assign each dolphin group to either the SNCESS or an adjacent coastal stock, based on sighting location, ranging patterns derived from matches to photoidentification catalogues and statistical modelling. Only sightings classified as SNCESS were used to estimate stock abundance. Abundance estimates were calculated using three approaches: the Chapman modification to the Lincoln-Petersen method, package Rcapture in program R and program MARK 6.2. The most parsimonious approach was the Chapman LP method yielding an estimate of 272 dolphins (95% CI 189–390, CV = 0.32) in the summer of 2014. The distribution of SNCESS dolphins shifted South in the winter and several individuals were observed up to 70km southwest of the currently recognised southern boundary. The results of this study support the current definition of the SNCESS but suggest revisions to the southern boundary. The SNCESS is the smallest bottlenose dolphin stock off the East coast of the USA and is at risk of population decline as a result of fisheries-related mortality.
Inhibitory role of long non‐coding RNA OIP5‐AS1 in rheumatoid arthritis progression through the microRNA‐448–paraoxonase 1–toll‐like receptor 3–nuclear factor κB axis

What is the central question of this study? What are the functions of long non‐coding (lnc) RNA OIP5‐AS1 in development of rheumatoid arthritis inflammation and what is the molecular mechanism? What is the main finding and its importance? LncRNA OIP5‐AS1 mitigates rheumatoid arthritis progression through the competitive endogenous RNA network involving the miR‐448–paraoxonase 1 axis and through the inactivation of the toll‐like receptor 3–nuclear factor κB signalling pathway. This study may offer new ideas for molecularly based control of rheumatoid arthritis.
Enrichment of Central African logged forests with high-value tree species: testing a new approach to regenerating degraded forests

ABSTRACT In natural forests of Central Africa, several studies indicate a dramatic decrease in commercial trees, including species of concern for conservation. Enrichment planting with these species will favor both the long-term recovery of their populations and biodiversity conservation in logged forests. In this study, we analyzed the survival and growth of 23 species in plantations. Fourteen 0.2–1.1 ha mixed species plantations consisting of single-species 15 × 15 m blocks were studied for 5 years in a logging concession of southeastern Cameroon. The plantation design considered both species light requirements and sensitivity to damage by pests. To identify the best species for enrichment planting, we assessed both species performance and plantation costs. We also tested for relationships between species traits and species performance. Mean annual diameter growth increments ranged from 1.67 to 42.9 mm. No significant relationship was found between growth and survival. Herbivory by wild Bovidae was the main cause of mortality and should be carefully considered in rehabilitation efforts. We found a significant negative relationship between wood density and maximum growth rate. The other traits tested were not good predictors of species performance in plantations. The two best-performing species, Triplochiton scleroxylon and Terminalia superba, could reach the minimum cutting diameter during a 30-year cutting cycle. Costs were high and mechanized site preparation is suggested to reduce them. Widespread adoption of such plantations will only occur if financial incentives or national regulations for assuring regeneration are implemented. EDITED BY Nicholas Brokaw
Comparative analysis of various obturation techniques in mandibular molars: A retrospective clinical outcome study

The primary objective of root canal treatment is the ability to remove irritants, to clean, shape and ill the root canal system three-dimensionally and prevent recontamination from bacterial irritants. Various Obturation techniques used for illing the root canals include lateral condensation, vertical compression, and thermoplastic gutta-percha techniques. The retrospective study aimed to evaluate the various obturation techniques used in mandibular molars. For this retrospective study data collection was based on patient records of Saveetha Dental College, Chennai and consisted of a total of 1903 cases evaluated based on the obturation technique within the time frame of 10 June 2019 to 1 March 2020. In this study, the obturation technique was evaluated based on the patients age, gender, procedure and based on the tooth in which obturation was done. Inclusion criteria consisted of the tooth that underwent endodontic treatment in patients within the age group of 18 to 60 yrs, a tooth with irreversible pulpal disease or chronic apical periodontitis, permanent tooth and mandibular molars. Exclusion criteria consisted of patients above 60 years, primary tooth, teeth in which root canal treatment was not undertaken, teeth with the presence of huge periapical lesions, severely calci ied canals etc., severe periodontal disease, teeth apart from mandibular molars. All the values were then statistically analysed. In this study, 1930 patients (848 are females, and 1055 were males with a mean age of 24 years) were included. It was observed in this retrospective study that therewas a signi icant difference between the various types of obturation technique used in mandibular molars. Matched single cone obturation technique was the preferred technique of obturation in the majority of the cases (62.4%). Single cone obturation technique has advantages over other techniques of obturation due to the fewer stress forces implied apically, thereby preventing an excess of sealer extrusion.
Molecular detection of virulence factors in some food poisoning bacteria isolated from chicken meat and giblet

Many bacterial detection rapid methods developed including nucleic acid based analysis which considered the most precise, sensitive, and famous method of detection. This study aimed to investigate the bacterial hygienic quality of some chicken meat and giblet with special concern of molecular detection of some virulence factors associated with some isolated food poisoning bacteria. E. coli, Salmonella, S. aureus, and Y. enterocolitica strains were isolated from commercial and home-reared chicken meat and giblet in Menoufiya Governorate, Egypt. Accurately, stx1, stx2, eaeA, and hylA genes were detected in 45.4, 63.6, 18.1, and 27.2% of the isolated E. coli strains, respectively. invA, hilA, and fimH genes were detected in 100, 71.4, and 85.7% of the examined Salmonella isolates, respectively. Regarding to the examined Y. enterocolitica isolates, Inv gene was detected lonely in 25%, while it was mixed with ystA gene in 75% of the examined isolates. Detection of enterotoxigenic Staph. aureus genes revealed detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins genes types SEA, and SEB genes in 20, and 10%; moreover, mixed SEA+SED, SEB+SEC producing genes were detected in 10% for each, respectively. The present results proved that PCR assay is helpful, rapid and accurate detection method. Strict hygienic measures during slaughtering and handling of chicken meat and giblet must be followed.
BiRank: Fast and Flexible Ranking on Bipartite Networks with R and Python

Bipartite (two-mode) networks are ubiquitous. Common examples include networks of collaboration between scientists and their shared papers, networks of affiliation between corporate directors and board members, networks of patients and their doctors, and networks of competition between companies and their shared consumers. Bipartite networks are commonly reduced to unipartite networks for further analysis, such as calculating node centrality (e.g. PageRank, see Figure 1(c)). However, one-mode projections often destroy important structural information (Lehmann, Schwartz, & Hansen, 2008) and can lead to imprecise network measurements. Moreover, there are numerous ways to obtain unipartite networks from a bipartite network, each of which has different characteristics and idiosyncrasies (Bass et al., 2013).
Author ' s personal copy Generating vegetation leaf area index earth system data record from multiple sensors . Part 1 : Theory

In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Leaf area index Spectral invariant Recollision probability Radiative transfer Long-term data record AVHRR MODIS Scaling Single scattering albedo Data uncertainties The generation of multi-decade long Earth System Data Records (ESDRs) of Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation absorbed by vegetation (FPAR) from remote sensing measurements of multiple sensors is key to monitoring long-term changes in vegetation due to natural and anthropogenic influences. Challenges in developing such ESDRs include problems in remote sensing science (modeling of variability in global vegetation, scaling, atmospheric correction) and sensor hardware (differences in spatial resolution, spectral bands, calibration, and information content). In this paper, we develop a physically based approach for deriving LAI and FPAR products from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data that are of comparable quality to the Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LAI and FPAR products, thus realizing the objective of producing a long (multi-decadal) time series of these products. The approach is based on the radiative transfer theory of canopy spectral invariants which facilitates parameterization of the canopy spectral bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF). The methodology permits decoupling of the structural and radiometric components and obeys the energy conservation law. The approach is applicable to any optical sensor, however, it requires selection of sensor-specific values of configurable parameters, namely, the single scattering albedo and data uncertainty. According to the theory of spectral invariants, the single scattering albedo is a function of the spatial scale, and thus, accounts for the variation in BRF with sensor spatial resolution. Likewise, the single scattering albedo accounts for the variation in spectral BRF with sensor bandwidths. The second adjustable parameter is data uncertainty, which accounts for varying information content of the remote sensing measurements, i.e., Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI, low information content), vs. spectral BRF (higher information content). Implementation of this approach indicates good consistency in LAI values retrieved from NDVI (AVHRR-mode) and spectral BRF (MODIS-mode). Specific details of the implementation and evaluation of the derived products are detailed in the second part of this two-paper series. The monitoring and modeling …
WebPlotViz: Browser Visualization of High Dimensional Streaming Data with HTML5

Large volumes of high dimensional streaming data are increasingly becoming common place and the ability to project these data into three dimensional space to visually inspect them is an important capability. Algorithms such as Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) and Principal Component analysis (PCA) can be used to reduce high dimensional data into a lower dimensional space. In this paper we present 1. MDS based approach to project high dimensional time series data to 3D with automatic rotation to align successive data segments 2. Open source commodity visualization of three dimensional time series in web browser based on Three.js, and 3. An example based on stock market data.
IMPACT OF DYNAMIC STRATEGIC CAPABILITIES ON STRATEGIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN PRESENCE OF OUTSOURCING OF FIVE STARS HOTELS IN JORDAN

This research aims to investigate whether outsourcing mediates the impact of dynamic strategic capabilities on strategic entrepreneurship. The population of the research consists of top managers in five stars hotels. A sample of 215 respondents were selected for the research in which 186 questionnaires were valid for statistical analysis. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses of the research. The results of the research indicate that outsourcing does not mediate the relationship between dynamic strategic capabilities and strategic entrepreneurship. All the dimensions of dynamic strategic capabilities have a statistical impact on strategic entrepreneurship, while the dynamic strategic capabilities dimension all affect outsourcing except the seizing capability. Based on the research results, managers and decisionmakers have to focus on innovation functions by enhancing the role of knowledge management and R&D activities, as well as concentrate on employees training programs.
DEVELOPMENT OF A CYCLONE SEPARATING UNIT ATTACHING TO LOCALTHRESHERS FOR CLEAN ENVIRONMENT

his study aims to obtain a clean environment through agricultural activities by developing and evaluating the performance of a cyclone separating unit attached to threshers. Threshing in traditional method depends on emitting chopped wheat straw (Tibn) off the threshers freely in the air and then collected manually by operators causing air pollution and affecting operators' health. The developed cyclone in this study separates dust from the airstream and simultaneously collect the chopped wheat straw instead of operators. According to the obtained data from theoretical calculations (Table 1), the modifications on 2D2D cyclone. The tested performance parameters of the developed cyclone are: four airstream velocities (ASV) of 2.3, 3.6, 4.7 and 5.5 m/s; cyclone inlet dimensions (CID) of (A) 20x30; (B) 25x35; (C) 35x45 cm for width and height, respectively; vortex finder length (VFL) of 50, 60 and 70 cm; cyclone outlets ratios (COR) chopped wheat straw and airstream outlet diameters of 15, 20, 25 and 20, 25, 30 cm for chopped wheat straw and airstream outlet represents ratios of 0.75, 0.80 and 0.83, respectively. The results were summarized in the following points: Separation and collection efficiency value by developed cyclone was 99.8% at inlet velocity of 4.7m/s, vortex finder length of 50 cm, with inlet dimensions of 25x35 cm under cyclone outlet ratio of 0.8. The maximum values of the rising dust was 6.8 mg/m3under the same mentioned conditions while increased by97.5 % with traditional method (without cyclone). Total costs for packing chopped wheat straw under mentioned conditions decreased by 80% in case of using the developed cyclone comparing to the traditional method. It is recommended to manufacture the developed cyclone with vortex finder length of 50 cm, with inlet dimensions of 25x35 cm at outlet ratio of 0.8 to lessen the environmental pollution and conserve laborers' health.
Investigation of Paraffin Wax with ZnO Nanorods for Performance Enhancement of Solar Thermal Energy Storage. (Dept.M)

This paper discusses the influence of paraffin wax inoculated with ZnO-nanorods on the latent heat of thermal energy storage (LHTES) of solar water heating system. The main objective of the experimental study is to determine the percentage increase in thermal storage capacity of using paraffin wax with 0.15 wt. % ZnO-nanorods as nano-composite phase change material (NCPCM) to the raw paraffin wax as base phase change material (PCM). The experiments were performed by 33-liter insulated stainless-steel storage shell TES tank containing 21 copper tubes 5/8-inch in diameter. The TES tank is filled with circulating water and the tubes are filled with either the pure PCM or NCPCM. The water is the heat transfer fluid (HTF) in the TES tank. The experiments were done at different HTF flow rates to study the best flow rate that increases both the amount of heat transfer and melting rate of PCM. It was found that 0.15 wt. % ZnO NCPCM decreases the charging and discharging time compared to the pure PCM, and a percentage increase is achieved in thermal energy storage by 20% when using 0.15 wt. % ZnO nanorods. The results also reveal that the maximum discharge energy was raised from 266 kW for pure paraffin wax to 306 kJ for 0.15 wt. % ZnO NCPCM. The NCPCM at 6 l/min HTF flow rate provides the highest energy recovery ratio (ERR), while the smallest occurs at 9 l/min.
A case study of Kuroshio Extension Front: evolution, structure, diapycnal mixing and instability

Abstract. Satellite measurements during April to June in 2019 and direct observations from 28th to 30th May in 2019 about the Kuroshio Extension Front are conducted. The former shows the front experience a process of stable-unstable-stable state caused by the movement of the Kuroshio Extension’s second meander and a pinched-off eddy. The latter indicates the steep upward slopes of the isopycnals tilt northward in the strong frontal zone as well as several over 100 m thick blobs of cold and fresh water in the salinity minimum zone of North Paciﬁc Intermediate Water. Using isopycnal anomaly method and diapycnal spiciness curvature method, characteristic interleaving layers are shown primarily in σθ = 26.3–26.9 kg/m3, which corresponds to large variations of potential spiciness in intermediate layers. Further analysis indicates the development of thermohaline intrusions may be driven by the double diffusive instability and the velocity anomalies. Besides, we find the turbulence mixing attributed to symmetric instability and shear instability is very strong in intermediate layer.
Functionally Diverse Inflammatory Responses in Peripheral and Liver Monocytes in Alcohol‐Associated Hepatitis

Alcohol‐associated hepatitis (AH) is an acute inflammatory disease in which gut‐microbial byproducts enter circulation and peripheral immune cells infiltrate the liver, leading to nonresolving inflammation and injury. Single‐cell RNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from patients with AH and healthy controls paired with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge revealed how diverse monocyte responses are divided among individual cells and change in disease. After LPS challenge, one monocyte subtype expressed pro‐inflammatory genes in both disease and healthy controls, while another monocyte subtype was anti‐inflammatory in healthy controls but switched to pro‐inflammatory in AH. Numerous immune genes are clustered within genomic cassettes, including chemokines and C‐type lectin receptors (CTRs). CTRs sense byproducts of diverse microbial and host origin. Single‐cell data revealed correlated expression of genes within cassettes, thus further diversifying different monocyte responses to individual cells. Monocyte up‐regulation of CTRs in response to LPS caused hypersensitivity to diverse microbial and host‐derived byproducts, indicating a secondary immune surveillance pathway up‐regulated in a subset of cells by a closely associated genomic cassette. Finally, expression of CTR genes was higher in livers of patients with severe AH, but not other chronic liver diseases, implicating secondary immune surveillance in nonresolving inflammation in severe AH.
Variation in Peent Calls of American Woodcock

sible to say for sure what proportion belonged to each species, as the two species appear identical in the field. I speculate that all the adult males were P. modesta, because P. subis adult males would be expected to be in Central America or northern-most South America during this time. The adult male that I collected is definitely P. modesta. The single specimen of P. subis I collected is a juvenile male. First-year P. subis males normally do not breed (Allen and Nice 1952). It may be that all the P. subis in the Iquitos flock are such birds, which remain in South America rather than migrate north for a non-reproductive summer. Despite the severe disruption in 1978, the birds returned in 1979 (McDowell 1979). The eugenias apparently regrew many of their branches and the artificial perches were removed.
Natural Restocking of Muskrat-Vacant Habitats

In late years, many of the habitats of Iowa muskrats (Ondatra z. zibethica) have been practically devoid of the animals by spring. Not only has severe winter-killing occurred during recent droughts, but some of these droughts have also concentrated and handicapped population remnants so much that they were annihilated locally by public trapping for fur. Even when environmental conditions were favorable to the muskrats, trapping was often drastic-especially when the market price for pelts reached a dollar or more, flat rate.
Usability evaluation of frugal innovation: A case of mobile training for micro businesses in Tanzania

This study evaluated a mobile training pilot prototype designed for micro business owners in Tanzania. The paper focused on the extent to which features of the pilot prototype developed under frugal innovation confirmed the defined user requirements of the mobile training and met usability perception of the potential end users in solving the practical problem. The practical problems addressed are time, low education level and geographical challenges facing the training service. The evaluation assessed whether the features of the mobile training pilot prototype met the previously identified user requirements and investigated users’ perceptions of the pilot prototype’s attractiveness and perspicuity and their enthusiasm for it. In this mixed-methods study, data were drawn from a questionnaire and focus group discussions. The study found positive views on the features of the pilot prototype based on the defined user requirements, as well as the usability elements of attractiveness, perspicuity, and enthusiasm. The participants thought that the pilot prototype’s navigation and interaction features needed further modifications to make use of the mobile training application easier. This study contributed that, the artefact developed through frugality innovation within DSR framework confirmed earlier identified user requirements and met usability criteria of attractiveness, perspicuity, and enthusiasm.