Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new marine ciliate, Metaurostylopsis antarctica nov. spec. (Ciliophora, Urostylida) from the Antarctic Ocean

In this study, a new marine urostylid ciliate, Metaurostylopsis antarctica nov. spec. collected from the Antarctic Ocean was investigated using morphological, morphometrical, and molecular methods. Metaurostylopsis antarctica nov. spec. is characterized as follows: slender to ellipsoid form in body shape; two types of cortical granules, ellipsoid large one (type I, yellow-green, 1.5 × 1 μm) in rows along dorsal kineties and cirri, circular small one (type II, colourless, 0.3 μm in diameter) scattered throughout whole body; 19-24 adoral membranelles, 4 frontal cirri, 2-5 frontoterminal cirri, 1 buccal and 2 transverse cirri; 3-5 midventral pairs, 10-15 cirri of midventral row; 1 right and 2 left marginal rows; 3 dorsal kineties; about 43 macronuclear nodules. This new species mainly differs from the congeners by the number of marginal rows (1 vs. 3 or more on right side; 2 vs. 3 or more on left side). In addition, proter's oral primordium developed on the right side of the oral cavity (vs. in center of oral cavity), and the rightmost anlage splits into two parts, namely, the frontoterminal cirri and a transverse cirrus (vs. only frontoterminal cirri). Inter-specific dissimilarities of the SSU rRNA gene between the congeners range from 3.3 to 4.4%.
CHICK GROWTH AND BREEDING SUCCESS OF THE BURROWING PARROT

Abstract We present the first data on the breeding biology of wild Burrowing Parrots (Cyanoliseus patagonus). We studied chick growth and breeding success at the largest colony of the species in the province of Río Negro, Patagonia, Argentina, during the 1999–2000 breeding season. A very high fledging success was observed and related to the absence of nest predation and the colonial breeding system. Safe nest sites were also thought to favor large mass recession of the nestlings before fledging. Mortality during the nestling period tended to be higher for fourth and fifth nestlings of a brood, indicating that brood reduction occurred. Burrowing Parrots in the study colony showed large variability in growth parameters between nestlings, possibly related to the hatching asynchrony observed. Allometric relationships for egg mass, clutch size, relative clutch mass, and nestling period of 29 wild psittaciform species are described and compared with the data from the Burrowing Parrots. Desarrollo de los Pichones y Éxito de Nidificación de Cyanoliseus patagonus Resumen. Presentamos aquí los primeros datos de la biología reproductiva en estado silvestre del loro Cyanoliseus patagonus. Se estudió el crecimiento de los pichones y el éxito de nidificación en la colonia más importante de la especie (provincia de Río Negro, Patagonia, Argentina) durante la temporada de cría 1999–2000. Se observó un alto éxito de emplumamiento de los pichones relacionado a la ausencia de depredación en el nido y al sistema colonial de nidificación que presenta la especie. Los sitios de nidificación seguros habrían favorecido la pronunciada pérdida de masa corporal observada en los pichones antes de abandonar el nido. La mortalidad durante el período de nidificación tendió a ser más alta para el cuarto y quinto pichón de la nidada, indicando la existencia de reducción de la camada. Los loros de la colonia estudiada mostraron gran variabilidad en los parámetros de desarrollo de los distintos pichones, estando ésto posiblemente relacionado con el nacimiento asincrónico de los pichones. Se describen también relaciones alométricas para la masa del huevo, el tamaño de la nidada, la masa relativa de la nidada y el período de permanencia en el nido de 29 psittaciformes silvestres y se comparan con los datos de C. patagonus.
A note on the course and distribution of the nervus terminalis in man

Johnston ('13) was the first observer to determine the presence of the nervus terminalis in man. He first reported its occurrence in human embryos and later ('14) described the nerve for the adult. Brookover ('14), working independently, also observed the presence of this nerve in adult man. Apparently the material used by these authors permitted only of the examination of a portion of the intracranial course of this nerve. It is the purpose of the present paper to report observations on the intracranial course and nasal distribution of the nervus terminalis in man. The observations about to be reported are based on gross dissections of prepared specimens of the heads of several human fetuses varying in age from ten weeks to the newborn. Two adult heads were examined. The nervus terminalis was identified in all the specimens. Drawings were made from the two most favorable dissections. Figures 1 and 2 represent such drawings. The former represents the medial sagittal dissection of the head of a six-months human fetus, the latter a similar dissection of a ten-weeks human fetus. For purposes of dissection the specimens were prepared as described by the. writer ('12) in a previous communication. The intracranial portion of the nervus terminalis, as shown in figure 1, appears on the surface of the brain in the region of the olfactory trigone and courses anteriorly over the medial surface of the olfactory tract and bulb and on to the lateral surface of the crista galli, to pass through foramina in the cribri-
New pentacyclic triterpene ester and flavone glycoside from the biologically active extract of Carduus pycnocephalus L.

Bioassay guided phytochemical investigation of petroleum ether, chloroform and butanol fractions obtained from biologically active total alcoholic extract of Carduus pycnocephalus led to isolation of two new compounds, 3-O-acetyl-ursolic acid-28-ethyl ester (compound 1) and diosmetin-7-O-α-L-arabinopyransyl (1```→4``)-β-D- glucopyranoside (compound 5) along with three known compounds, bis (2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate) (compound 2), 3α, 24 dihydroxyolean-12-en-28, 30-dioic acid dimethyl ester (compound 3) and kaempferol (compound 4). Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic methods (UV, MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, COSY, HSQC and HMBC) and by comparison with published data. Compounds 2 and 3 were isolated for the first time from genus Carduus. The cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of the ethanolic extract were evaluated and the extract showed variable degrees of activities. It showed significant cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, A-549 and HepG-2 cell lines with IC50, 17.9, 17.5 and 21.8 µg, respectively. The extract displayed weak antioxidant activity by scavenging of DPPH with SC50 554.2 µg. In agar diffusion assay, the extract exhibited strong antibacterial activities against Gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli and strong antifungal activity against Syncephalastrum racemosum. Key words: Carduus pycnocephalus L. ; new triterpene ester, flavonoidal glycoside, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobial activity.
Morphological and ultrastructural changes in the mucus glands of Apis mellifera drones during pupal development and sexual maturation

We investigated the morphology and ultrastructure of the mucus glands of Apis mellifera drones, which represent a peculiar type of male accessory gland. The three different parts of the mucus glands (muscle layer, gland epithelium and lumen) change with respect to age in the distal and the proximal parts. The thickness of musculature and gland epithelium is larger at the proximal part than at the distal part, where the diameter of the lumen is larger. The secretory cells of the epithelium reach their maximum activity during the first days of adult life, which results in a maximally filled gland lumen by the age of 6 days. The mucus glands represent a unique situation as they are of mesodermal origin, whereas the majority of exocrine glands are ectodermal. morphology / mucus gland / Apis mellifera / drone
Evaluation of regression models for above-ground biomass determination in Amazon rainforest

ABSTRACT In a mature lowland ‘terra firme’ forest near Araracuara in Colombia, a study was conducted to determine the above-ground biomass by means of regression analysis. Dry weight, DBH (i.e. stem diameter at 1.3 m above ground level, or just above buttresses if these surpassed 1.3 m in height), total height and specific wood density were measured on 54 harvested trees, chosen in a ‘selected random’ manner. Nine different regression models were evaluated for statistical correctness, accuracy of the estimates and for practical use. The logarithmically transformed models with DBH2, and DBH2 × height as independent variables appeared to be the only models meeting the above criteria, the latter being the most accurate. The exclusion of big trees (DBH >45 cm) from the regression did not result in significant changes of the regression coefficients.
Models for discriminating image blur from loss of contrast

Observers can discriminate between blurry and low-contrast images (Morgan, 2017). Wang and Simoncelli (2004) demonstrated that a code for blur is inherent to the phase relationships between localized pattern detectors of different scales. To test whether human observers actually use local phase coherence when discriminating between image blur and loss of contrast, we compared phase-scrambled chessboards with unscrambled chessboards. Although both stimuli had identical amplitude spectra, local phase coherence was disrupted by phase-scrambling. Human observers were required to concurrently detect and identify (as contrast or blur) image manipulations in the 2 × 2 forced-choice paradigm (Nachmias & Weber, 1975; Watson & Robson, 1981) traditionally considered to be a litmus test for “labelled lines” (i.e. detection mechanisms that can be distinguished on the basis of their preferred stimuli). Phase scrambling reduced some observers’ ability to discriminate between blur and a reduction in contrast. However, none of our observers produced data consistent with Watson and Robson's most stringent test for labeled lines, regardless whether phases were scrambled or not. Models of performance fit significantly better when (a) the blur detector also responded to contrast modulations, (b) the contrast detector also responded to blur modulations, or (c) noise in the two detectors was anticorrelated.
The return of the vole cycle in southern Finland refutes the generality of the loss of cycles through ‘climatic forcing’

Multiannual cycles in the abundance of voles and other animals have been collapsing in the last decades. It has been proposed that this phenomenon is ‘climatically forced’ by milder winters. We here consider the dynamics of bank and field voles during more than two decades in two localities (170 km apart) in southern Finland. Using wavelet analysis, we show that a clear 3‐year cycle disappeared in the mid 1990s. However, the vole cycle returned in both localities after about 5 years despite winters becoming increasingly milder. In both localities, vole cycles were mainly determined by bank voles after the period of noncyclic dynamics, whereas field voles were dominant before this irregularity. Wavelet coherency analysis shows that spatial synchrony temporarily broke down during the period of noncyclic dynamics, but was fully restored afterwards. The return of the cycle despite ongoing rapid climate change argues against ‘climatic forcing’ as a general explanation for loss of cycles. Rather, the population‐dynamical consequences of climate change may be dependent on the local species composition and mechanism of delayed density dependence.
Disposal in the deep sea: analogue of nature or faux ami?

The deep sea is the world's largest ecosystem by volume and is assumed to have a high assimilative capacity. Natural events, such as the sinking of surface plant and animal material to the seabed, sediment slides, benthic storms and hydrothermal vents can contribute vast amounts of material, both organic and inorganic, to the deep ocean. In the past the deep sea has been used as a repository for sewage, dredge spoil and radioactive waste. In addition, there has been interest in the disposal of large man-made objects and, more recently, the disposal of industrially-produced carbon dioxide. Some of the materials disposed of in the deep sea may have natural analogues. This review examines natural processes in the deep sea including the vertical flux of organic material, turbidity currents and benthic storms, natural gas emissions, hydrothermal vents, natural radionuclides and rocky substrata, and compares them with anthropogenic input including sewage disposal, dredge spoil, carbon dioxide disposal, chemical contamination and the disposal of radioactive waste, wrecks and rigs. The comparison shows what are true analogues and what are false friends. Knowledge of the deep sea is fragmentary and much more needs to be known about this large, biologically-diverse system before any further consideration is given to its use in the disposal of waste.
Asynchronous Online Output Tasks to Increase Student Speaking Time

This paper introduces the transformative potential of asynchronous online output tasks through utilizing self-recorded videos uploaded on Seesaw® Class App, a learning management system. Based upon the initial learning outcomes of these tasks implemented inside and outside of the classroom, their potential to draw out more meaning-focused speaking output is discussed. Administrative and logistic issues are addressed and recommendations on how to better carry out the tasks and prepare for the challenges are presented. The conclusion is that asynchronous online output tasks promise to increase student speaking time even beyond the classroom and are in sync with the practicality of in-class traditional communicative activities
Short-term choice behaviour in a mixed fishery: investigating métier selection in the Danish gillnet fishery

Bo Solgaard Andersen1*, Clara Ulrich2, Ole Ritzau Eigaard2, and Anne-Sofie Christensen3 North Sea Centre, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark, PO Box 101, Hirtshals DK-9850, Denmark National Institute of Aquatic Resources, DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark, Charlottenlund Castle, Charlottenlund DK-2920, Denmark Department of Development and Planning, Innovative Fisheries Management (IFM), Aalborg University Research Centre, Fibigerstraede 13, Aalborg O DK-9220, Denmark
Feeling Good Is Feeling Better

Can people remember their past happiness? We analyzed data from four longitudinal surveys from the United States, France, the United Kingdom, and Germany spanning from the 1970s until the present, in which more than 60,000 adults were asked questions about their current and past life satisfaction. We uncovered systematic biases in recalled happiness: On average, people tended to overstate the improvement in their well-being over time and to understate their past happiness. But this aggregate figure hides a deep asymmetry: Whereas happy people recall the evolution of their life to be better than it was, unhappy ones tend to exaggerate their life’s negative evolution. It thus seems that feeling happy today implies feeling better than yesterday. This recall structure has implications for motivated memory and learning and could explain why happy people are more optimistic, perceive risks to be lower, and are more open to new experiences.
Legal Discourse on Manpower During COVID-19 Outbreak

Covid-19 has become a global epidemic all around the world. All countries around the world have been completely struggled by this outbreak, including Indonesia. Economy crisis is something that could not be avoided. Naturally, workers, and entrepreneurs will be either directly or indirectly affected. Massive amount of companies has applied the regulation “Termination of Employment”, laid of the workers, and even deduction on wages payment. Workers have become vulnerable parties in this case because they do not have enough assurance. Article 164 (1) Act No. 3 of 2003 concerning Manpower indeed regulates the Termination of Employment regulation because of force majeure, however this law seems to be slightly unsuitably applied for this outbreak Covid-19 situation. Therefore, this study is aimed to do legal discoursing in which can both assure those workers and maintain the operation of business in this tight condition. Finally, Indonesia needs to return back to kinship culture and unity in diversity philosophy as stated in Pancasila to equalize the interests both for workers and employers. According to Article 33 (1) and (4) of 1945 Constitution of Republic Indonesia, it has been firmly stated that Indonesian economy should be organized as a common endeavor based upon the principles of the family system and conducted on basis of Pancasila democracy. Hence, government is expected to play the intermediary role in order to unify and even out interest of all parties. Law of Manpower need to be adjusted with some regulations about rights and responsibilities accommodate to workers, employers, and government in deal with epidemic outbreak.
Seasonal changes in the importance of the source of organic matter to the diet of zooplankton in Loch Ness, as indicated by stable isotope analysis

Seasonal variations in the stable isotope composition (d13C and d15C) of crustacean zooplankton and their putative food sources in oligotrophic Loch Ness were recorded during 1998. Bulk particulate organic matter (POM) showed d13C values consistent with a terrestrial plant origin from the catchment and exhibited little seasonal variation, whereas POM d15 was more variable, probably due to associated microbial action. In contrast, phytoplankton d13C was relatively light and showed some seasonal variation, but d15 values were more constant. The isotopic signatures of both POM and phytoplankton remained sufficiently distinct from each other throughout the period of study to allow their relative contributions to zooplankton diet to be assessed. Zooplankton isotopic signatures shifted seasonally, reflecting a dietary switch from a reliance on allochthonous carbon derived from POM during winter and early spring to heavy dependence on algal production during summer. Annually, crustacean zooplankton in Loch Ness derive approximately 40% of their body carbon from allochthonous sources, likely mediated via microbial links. Separate determination of isotope ratios for the main zooplankton species allowed a more detailed trophic investigation. The most abundant zooplankton species in the loch, Eudiaptomus gracilis, incorporated appreciable allochthonous carbon even during the peak of phytoplankton productivity. By contrast, Daphnia hyalina grew mainly in late summer and autumn and derived almost 100% body carbon from algal sources. This study is the first to quantify such a seasonal switch in zooplankton dependence between allochthonous and autochthonous sources of organic matter in a large lake.
A Revision of European Saxicolous Species of the Genus Buellia de not. and Formerly Included Genera

Abstract A detailed taxonomic survey of the saxicolous European species of Buellia based on a detailed survey and assessment of the important features of the genus is presented. These include the conidia, the anatomy of the exciple, the spore wall pigmentation, ornamentation and internal wall thickening, as well as analysis of the lichen substances. As a result, 36 saxicolous species are recognized, of which Buellia griseosquamulata and B. longispora are new taxa and B. atrocinerella and B. parvula are new combinations. Buellia coniops, B. lecideina and B. punclata are transferred to the validated genus Amandinea. A key to 43 accepted species of Buellia, Amandinea and Hafellia is included.
MOTIVATION OF RAW MILK CONSUMPTION AMONG MALAYSIANS

Raw or unpasteurized milk is rich with beneficial nutrients including calcium, potassium, phosphorus and vitamins. Recently, there was a tremendous demand for raw milk in the local market. However, consumption of raw milk is risky as it commonly associated with food born disease outbreaks. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the motivations for unpasteurized milk consumption among Malaysians. A total of 180 respondents had participated in this survey and a questionnaire was distributed via social media. The result revealed that majority of the consumers were female, Malay, aged between 21 to 30 years old, a bachelor degree holder and were living in an urban area. The motivation for raw milk consumption was dominated by the belief that raw milk possesses holistic health benefits followed by taste, prevention of immune-related disease, support for local farm and the belief that processed milk is not safe. The consumers had moderate knowledge about the health benefits and health risks associated with raw milk (M=3.30, SD=1.048). However, the majority of respondents weren’t aware that selling raw milk is illegal in Malaysia. There was no significant difference between male and female consumers’ perception regarding health benefits and health risk associated with raw milk (t=1.637, df= 69.037, p-value 0.11) at 95% confident interval.
Status of Exotic and Previously Common Native Coccinellids (Coleoptera) in South Dakota Landscapes

Abstract In the last two decades, three previously common coccinellids (Adalia bipunctata (L.), Coccinella transversoguttata richardsoni Brown, and Coccinella novemnotata Herbst) have declined in abundance in South Dakota, while two invasive species (Coccinella septempunctata (L.) and Harmonia axyridis (Pallas)) have become established there. The objectives of this study were to survey coccinellids in various habitats in South Dakota to better characterize the current coccinellid fauna, determine the extent of exploitation by invasive coccinellids, and possibly identify refuge habitats of previously common coccinellid species. Overall, 2827 coccinellids, comprising 23 species, were collected on yellow sticky traps in field and woody habitats and during timed visual searches in field crops. Adalia bipunctata was found during additional sampling in Butte County in western South Dakota. However, it was not present in samples from eastern and central parts of the state, which is consistent with previous findings that this species is absent from those areas. Coccinella transversoguttata richardsoni and C. novemnotata were absent at all sites sampled. Scymnus kansanus Casey was collected for the first time in South Dakota among arboreal habitats. Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) expanded its geographic range into central South Dakota by 2002 and western South Dakota by 2004. Invasiveness of H. axyridis and C. septempunctata was evident by their presence in a wide variety of habitats surveyed, dominance of larval coccinellid assemblages, and predation upon non-target species of aphids. Harmonia axyridis was the most abundant larval coccinellid in maize and C. septempunctata was the most abundant larval coccinellid in intercropped wheat-alfalfa. Harmonia axyridis preyed upon Stegophylla quercicola (Monell), Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe, and Aphis asclepiadis Fitch in the field. Both H. axyridis and C. septempunctata preyed upon Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy) in the field.