Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Drugs—Chronicle of a Twentieth Century Medical Triumph

In Antimicrobial Drugs—Chronicle of a Twentieth Century Medical Triumph, author David Greenwood describes the contributors and contributions to the revolution in infectious disease therapy which took place 1900 to 1980. During those years, the convergence of organic chemistry, industrial fermentation technology, clinical medicine, and disease microbiology produced hundreds of life-saving antimicrobials.
Bargaining Power in the Market for Intellectual Property: Evidence from Licensing Contract Terms

We study a novel database of intellectual property (IP) licensing agreements sourced from filings made by publicly listed corporations, a large fraction of which firms (initially) disclose with redacted terms. In contrast to the benchmark that IP quality alone determines the pricing of IP, we argue that bargaining power between licensing counterparties plays a critical role in explaining several patterns in observed royalty rates. Licensors with differentiated technology and high market power charge higher royalty rates, while larger‐than‐rival licensees pay lower royalty rates. Licensors command premium royalty rates for contract exclusivity, especially in competitive markets. Finally, we employ this framework and setting to understand the pricing implications of nondisclosure: licensors redact payment terms when they transact at lower royalty rates, consistent with preserving bargaining power for future negotiations. Our findings offer a new explanation for innovator secrecy and have several practical takeaways for transfer pricing and patent litigation.
Ocular perfusion pressure and glaucoma: a review

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness globally. Increasing evidence shows that the disease is secondary to optic nerve head hypoperfusion and autonomic dysfunction. Ocular perfusion pressure, representing ocular blood flow, is a key factor that should be evaluated in the management of glaucoma. Ocular perfusion pressure is subject to influence by a myriad of factors, and its calculation has been conventionally simplified as the difference between mean arterial blood pressure and intraocular pressure. Nonetheless, the direct effect of various factors on blood pressure and intraocular pressure should not be neglected. Bearing in mind the regional prevalence of normal-tension glaucoma, we review the literature and summarize the pathophysiology of glaucoma, definition of ocular perfusion pressure, relationship between ocular perfusion pressure and glaucoma development and progression, and key factors that influence ocular perfusion pressure. We also highlight the potentials of home monitoring of ocular perfusion pressure, and promote interdisciplinary management of glaucoma.
Integrated Management Systems diffusion in South European countries

STRUCTURED ABSTRACT Purpose - This paper dissects the diffusion of Integrated Management Systems (IMSs) encompassing the ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSMS 18001 standards in the South European countries. Design/methodology/approach - Data concerning the evolution of the amount of IMSs in Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain were collected for the time period between 1999 and 2015. The behaviour of the evolution of the number of IMSs over the years was studied adopting both the Gompertz and the Logistic models. The results obtained with these two models were compared and analysed in order to provide a forecast for the next years. Findings - The diffusion throughout the years of the number of IMSs follows an S- shaped behaviour. The evolution of the amount of IMSs in countries with a lower saturation level are better fitted by the Gompertz model while the Logistic model fits better when considering countries with a larger saturation level. Research limitations/implications - For some of the analysed countries, the data related to early years are not available. In order to perform the analysis using both the Gompertz and the Logistic models, missing data have been extrapolated from the dataset provided by the annual ISO survey. Practical implications - The obtained results provide a cross-section of the diffusion of IMSs certifications in the South European countries and enable a forecast for the trend in the next years. Originality/value - This study aims, for the first time as we were able to find out, at the analysis of the diffusion of IMSs throughout the years
THE INFLUENCE OF UTILITY FUNCTIONS ON INSURANCE CHOICES

As society advances, people’s quality of life is improving. More and more people are not only paying attention to the physical quality of life but also focusing on the wealth management such as buying insurance to support their life quality. Because of this, insurance companies are providing a growing number of policies to satisfy the public need. Utility is a measurement of people’s welfare. We aim to estimate a utility function model based on the people’s preferences. However, the following reasons make the utility function hard to estimate: First of all, for existing models, it is difficult to apply these models to describe multifarious people’s preferences. Secondly, it is difficult to obtain the exact utility model from datasets. The primary issue is how to establish a good predictive model for all different insurance needs. In this thesis, we are trying to develop a framework for selecting suitable insurance choices. We compute the amount of insurance to purchase for a range of randomly generated utility functions and a range of situations. We then apply data mining approaches, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to determine which aspects of the utility function are most influential on insurance choice, and use these aspects to reduce the dimension of the predictive model. Finally, we test the reduced dimension of predictive models on the simulated datasets. Our results demonstrate that the some reduced predictive models can get high predictive accuracy under a range of conditions.
The Dynamic Impact of Renewable Energy Consumption on Economic Growth: The Case of Côte d'Ivoire

This paper investigates the impact of renewable energy consumption on economic growth in Cote d’Ivoire by using the autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) model. Capital and labor are included in the model as additional variables. Annual data cover the period from 1991 to 2015. The empirical results suggest that in the short run, the impact of renewable energy consumption on economic growth is mixed while in the long run, the impact is not significant. Our results also provide empirical evidence that the non-renewable energy/renewable energy transition is not yet effective but is under process in Cote d’Ivoire. Keywords : Economic growth, Renewable energy consumption, Cote d’Ivoire DOI : 10.7176/JESD/10-18-20 Publication date :September 30 th 2019
Rational partisan theory and other partisan effects in the EU

This paper uses election data from 15 E.U. member nations and S&P 350 Europe stock price data to analyse possible partisan effects in European elections from 1998-2018. Partisan effect on stock prices is a contested topic in academic finance literature. This paper adds to that controversy by concluding that partisan effects on European stock markets do exist. However, similar to conclusions in academic literature, the existence, direction and magnitude of the effects found in this paper are highly dependent on the statistical model and policy variables used for the analysis. Apart from the traditional left-wing vs. right-wing partisan controversy, this paper looks into three other policy dimensions.
Globalization and Electoral Outcomes: Evidence from Italy

We study whether and to what extent the electoral dynamics in Italy over the 1994–2008 period can be explained by the development of economic factors associated with globalization. To measure the level of exposure to globalization for local labor markets, our main unit of analysis, we use the intensity of import competition from China and the presence of immigrants. Looking at parties’ political positions and employing an estimation strategy that accounts for endogeneity and time‐invariant unobserved effects across local labor markets, we find that both immigration intensity and exposure to import competition from China have contributed positively to the electoral outcomes of far‐right parties, whereas only immigration intensity has increased the vote shares of right‐wing and traditionalist/authoritarian/nationalist parties. Some evidence, albeit not robust, shows that immigration may have also had a positive impact on far‐left parties, thus possibly further contributing toward political polarization. Moreover, electoral turnout has responded negatively to an increased presence of migrants. While the above effects seem to work through the mediation of labor markets, our results, especially those related to immigration, suggest that other mechanisms at the level of local communities are also at play.
The vapor pressure of liquid and solid water phases at conditions relevant to the atmosphere

In the atmosphere, water can be present in liquid and solid phases, but the vapor phase is generally predominant. Condensed phases of water occur under a wide range of conditions, ranging from polar mesospheric clouds at the lowest atmospheric temperatures and at low pressure to the much warmer tropospheric clouds. The temperature range at which ice or water clouds are observed spans from T = 100 to 300 K with pressures ranging from about 10−3 mbar to about 1 bar. Over this wide range, water is known to form several condensed phases, which can be separated into crystalline (hexagonal and stacking disordered ice) and noncrystalline phases (liquid and supercooled liquid water, amorphous solid water). We report on the vapor pressure of these water phases with a focus on metastable amorphous solid water and stacking disordered ice in the light of recent experimental findings and discuss possible implications for the atmosphere. We present evidence that supercooled liquid water and low density amorphous solid water do not belong to the same phase and therefore, no continuous vapor pressure curve can be given.In the atmosphere, water can be present in liquid and solid phases, but the vapor phase is generally predominant. Condensed phases of water occur under a wide range of conditions, ranging from polar mesospheric clouds at the lowest atmospheric temperatures and at low pressure to the much warmer tropospheric clouds. The temperature range at which ice or water clouds are observed spans from T = 100 to 300 K with pressures ranging from about 10−3 mbar to about 1 bar. Over this wide range, water is known to form several condensed phases, which can be separated into crystalline (hexagonal and stacking disordered ice) and noncrystalline phases (liquid and supercooled liquid water, amorphous solid water). We report on the vapor pressure of these water phases with a focus on metastable amorphous solid water and stacking disordered ice in the light of recent experimental findings and discuss possible implications for the atmosphere. We present evidence that supercooled liquid water and low density amorphous solid .
Essays on misallocation of production inputs and energy efficiency in Indian industries

This thesis explores the causes and consequences of resource misallocation and energy efficiency in the context of firm heterogeneity in Indian manufacturing. In the first chapter, I quantify misallocation in the Indian cast iron sector. I develop a method to disentangle distortions that capture input misallocation from fundamental demand heterogeneity across firms. In the second chapter I explore why material inputs are misallocated in the cast iron sector, focusing on differences in access to suppliers through the transportation network. In the third chapter I estimate the causal relationship between industrial electricity prices and electricity productivity for a large panel of Indian plants.
Understanding variation in the relationship between environmental management practices and firm performance across studies: A meta‐analytic review

The relationship between environmental management practices and firm performance has continuously received much attention in academic research. As existing literature on the link of the two constructs is characterized by heterogeneous research characteristics and mixed empirical evidence, one interesting question arises: Do research characteristics affect the magnitude and direction of the relationship between environmental management practices and firm performance? Amassing a database of 92 studies, 199 effect sizes, and 72,258 firms, we examine this question by conducting a meta‐analysis. The characteristics investigated in this study include item number of performance measures, year of data collection, industry type, economic development, and Hofstede's five cultural dimensions. A meta‐regression reveals that environmental management practices are positively associated with firm performance and that the degree of this association depends on these contexts. Specifically, the environmental management practices–performance relationship increases with year of data collection, is stronger with multiple item measures, and is higher for firms in developed countries and in cultures characterized by high power distance, low individualism, low uncertainty avoidance, and low long‐term orientation.
Brand prestige and affordable luxury: The role of hotel guest experiences

The concept of affordable luxury has elicited attention among hoteliers in recent years. This study developed and tested an instrument to measure hotel guest experiences of an affordable luxury hotel and investigated the influence of three dimensions of hotel guest experience on brand prestige (BP) namely physical environment (PE), guest-to-staff encounters (GSEs), and guest-to-guest encounters (GGEs). A total of 423 usable self-administered questionnaires were obtained from the guests of an affordable luxury hotel. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to reduce and confirm the measurement model of the proposed constructs, respectively. Structural equation modeling was adopted to test the proposed relationships. All three dimensions are significant antecedents of BP. PE is the most important, followed by GSEs, and then GGEs. A modified importance–performance analysis (IPA) was conducted by comparing the perceived performance and the derived importance of the guest experience attributes. This demonstrates how individual hotel can use the IPA to identify specific areas of improvement on the hotel guest experience attributes.
Economic Growth, Poverty, and Income Inequality: Implications for Lower- and Middle-Income Countries in the Era of Globalization

The main goal of this article is to establish a dynamic profile of poverty and to evaluate the impact of economic growth on poverty and income inequality. The economic literature inspired by the previous theoretical works of Alesina and Perotti (1993), Ravallion (2004), Stiglitz (2013), and Ferreira (2016) shows that there is an inverse correlation between the income inequality approached by the Gini index and the economic growth measured by the gross domestic product (GDP), but the facts prove that this is not always the case. The objective of this article is to establish whether there is econometric evidence of such relationships. For this purpose, the authors used econometric methods to take into account the heterogeneity of the panel data used (lower-middle-income countries in the period covering 1970–2018). Using a fixed-effect approach and consistent with expectations, the authors argue that an increase in income inequality decreases GDP per capita in the selected sample. The authors found, after controlling for heterogeneity, an overall one-percentage-point rise in the poverty gap and that the Gini index decreased GDP per capita by around 3.8% and 6.8%, respectively. Accordingly, the path to sustainable economic growth in the future passes through a reduction of inequalities, especially income inequalities, by instituting public actions and policies for the poorest people. TOPIC: Financial crises and financial market history Key Findings • Using a fixed-effect approach the authors argue that an increase in income inequality decreases GDP per capita in the selected sample. The authors found, after controlling for heterogeneity, an overall one percentage-point rise in the poverty gap and that the Gini index decreased GDP per capita by around 3.8% and 6.8%, respectively. • Accordingly, the path to sustainable economic growth in the future passes through a reduction of inequalities, especially income inequalities, by instituting public actions and policies for the poorest people. • They affirm that economic growth is not enough to eradicate poverty. Although it is a necessary and insufficient condition, it must be combined with the implementation of targeted actions and policies to reduce present and future inequalities.
Human Rignts and Diverity: New Challenges for Plural Societies

La protección internacional de los derechos humanos en los albores del siglo XXI, Felipe Gómez Isa y José Manuel Pureza (eds.) The democratic management of cultural diversity is the greatest political challenge for present-day European societies. The plural character of our societies forces us to rethink the basic political concepts, starting off from a new idea of inclusive and plural democracy. The application of human rights must be reconsidered in the light of present-day reality so that democratic states are able to guarantee the benefit of these rights to all persons through their identity and not in spite of it, thus creating political spaces that are open to a multi-identity coexistence. Socrates Education and Culture
Impact of Power Plays' Efficiency on Ice Hockey Match Result and Team Standings

The main aim of this research was to determine the impact of the game, in which is participating a team that has numerical superiority, on the match results and team standings at the 2017 IIHF Ice Hockey U18 World Championship. We studied 31 matches. In order to compare differences in power plays ́ occurrence and number of scored goals in power plays of winning and losing teams we used the Chi-Square Test. Spearman ́s RankOrder Correlation (R) was used to determine the relationship between the team standings at the World Championship and efficiency of power plays, as well as the goals scored in power plays. The level of statistical significance was set at 5%. We found out significant relationships between the number of scored goals in power plays and the team standing at the tournament (R = 0.696; p≤ 0.05). However, there was no significant relationship between the final standings at the tournament and efficiency of using power plays (R = 0.503, p> 0.05). At the 5% significance level, we did not confirm any statistically significant difference in the number of power plays between winning team (121) and defeated team (131) (Χ = 0.397; p> 0.05). We noticed a similar situation also in number of scored goals in power plays (Χ = 3.429; p> 0.05), although the winners scored 27 goals and the losers 15 goals. The relationship between the match result and the success rate of power plays was statistically significant (Χ = 5.468; p≤ 0.05)
Development, Validation, and Application of School Audit Tool (SAT): An Effective Instrument for Assessing Traffic Safety and Operation around Schools

There is a need for a reliable school audit tool with well-defined scales to convert qualitative evaluation of existing school sites into a quantitative assessment in order to help public agencies to improve schools’ safety and efficiency. In this study, a new, simple, and versatile School Audit Tool (SAT) was developed and tested. SAT was formed using a 30-item checklist categorized into four domains: school site assessment, road network assessment, parking/loading assessment, and active transport assessment. The tool was applied on a sample of 22 schools. Then, categorical and item-by-item Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) were calculated to validate the tool. The results showed acceptable overall test-retest (ICC = 0.919) and inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.843) across all items and domains. SAT’s adaptable framework to assess and compare the safety and efficiency of schools is reliable, easy-to-use, and comprehensive. The tool is also effective in ranking schools and identifying items that may require upgrades or modifications.
Teaching Quantitative Skills in Online Courses: Today’s Key Areas of Focus and Effective Learning Tools

Abstract At both the undergraduate and graduate level, an increasing number of students are completing their coursework online or in hybrid formats. As online learning grows and evolves, and new teaching tools emerge, it is useful to review approaches for effective teaching in this modality. This paper focuses, in particular, on proven tools in online teaching that can be employed in courses with a strong quantitative analysis component, such as political methodology and political economy courses. We first highlight critical areas of focus, including text analysis, survey research, artificial intelligence and the communication of results. We then discuss methods and technologies that can be used to teach in these areas, such as social media and news APIs, online labor markets, online meeting spaces and simulation exercises. The final section explores methods for providing meaningful feedback on the types of assignments commonly used when teaching quantitative methods. This review of key areas of focus, learning tools, and methods for providing feedback in online quantitative courses will arm faculty with an understanding of how to develop and deliver courses that encourage participation and impart a deep knowledge of the subject at hand.
POTENCIAL DE VENDAS NOS E-MARKETPLACES

Trilha academica para submissao: 1. Estrategias e Gestao Varejista: segmentacao e posicionamento, diferenciacao no varejo, branding, marca propria, comunicacao, merchandising, preco, sortimento, localizacao, servicos e atendimento, multicanal, e-commerce, globalizacao do varejo, diversificacao, omnichannel. Resumo: De acordo com o crescimento de vendas no contexto on-line no Brasil, as empresas de e-commerce adotam iniciativas com o objetivo principal de aumentar suas vendas no mercado. Nesse contexto, compreender a forma como os e- marketplaces podem contribuir para o crescimento dos e- commerces assume importância, uma vez que existe uma comissao paga por esse servico. Tendo isso em vista, a discussao sobre marketplaces e mercados eletronicos proporciona a compreensao do potencial de vendas nos multicanais on-line , enfatizando o e-marketplace como um modelo de negocio em destaque no mercado de e-commerce no Brasil e no mundo. Desse modo, foi realizado um estudo exploratorio de carater quantitativo, a partir da analise de dados secundarios da empresa Software House (nome ficticio), responsavel pelo desenvolvimento da plataforma mhub (nome ficticio), voltada para a integracao e operacao com e- marketplaces do Brasil. Os dados coletados correspondem a informacoes mensais, num periodo de 28 meses (2015-2017), referentes aos clientes (e- commerces ) que possuem integracao de seus produtos em diversos e- marketplaces . Por fim, com base nos dados analisados, foi possivel notar que a aderencia aos e- marketplaces auxilia no aumento das vendas medias realizadas pelos e-commerces . Argumentamos que esse desempenho e devido a confianca e a credibilidade dos servicos oferecidos, que sao reflexos da boa reputacao no mercado fisico, que e lembrada pelo consumidor no momento da compra on-line .