Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A cross-national study on prevalence of mental disorders, service use, and adequacy of treatment among Mexican and Mexican American populations.

OBJECTIVES We examined differences in the use of mental health services, conditional on the presence of psychiatric disorders, across groups of Mexico's population with different US migration exposure and in successive generations of Mexican Americans in the United States. METHODS We merged surveys conducted in Mexico (Mexican National Comorbidity Survey, 2001-2002) and the United States (Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys, 2001-2003). We compared psychiatric disorders and mental health service use, assessed in both countries with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, across migration groups. RESULTS The 12-month prevalence of any disorder was more than twice as high among third- and higher generation Mexican Americans (21%) than among Mexicans with no migrant in their family (8%). Among people with a disorder, the odds of receiving any mental health service were higher in the latter group relative to the former (odds ratio = 3.35; 95% confidence interval = 1.82, 6.17) but the age- and gender-adjusted prevalence of untreated disorder was also higher. CONCLUSIONS Advancing understanding of the specific enabling and dispositional factors that result in increases in mental health care may contribute to reducing service use disparities across ethnic groups in the United States.
Compressive Sampling Based Multi-Spectrum Deep Learning for Sub-Nyquist Pacemaker ECG Analysis

Automatic electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis for pacemaker patients is crucial for monitoring cardiac conditions and the effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization treatment. However, under the condition of energy-saving remote monitoring, the low-sampling-rate issue of an ECG device can lead to the miss detection of pacemaker spikes as well as incorrect analysis on paced rhythm and non-paced arrhythmias. To solve the issue, this paper proposed a novel system that applies the compressive sampling (CS) framework to sub-Nyquist acquire and reconstruct ECG, and then uses multi-dimensional feature-based deep learning to identify paced rhythm and non-paced arrhythmias. Simulation testing results on ECG databases and comparison with existing approaches demonstrate its effectiveness and outstanding performance for pacemaker ECG analysis.
Cloning of the human cDNA for the U1 RNA‐associated 70K protein.

Anti‐RNP sera were used to isolate a cDNA clone for the largest polypeptide of the U1 snRNP, a protein of mol. wt 70 kd designated 70K, from a human liver cDNA library constructed in the expression vector pEX1. The cro‐beta‐galactosidase‐70K fusion protein reacted with various anti‐RNP patient sera, a rabbit anti‐70K antiserum, as well as with a monoclonal antibody specific for this protein. The sequences of four 70K peptides were determined and they match parts of the deduced amino acid sequence of the 1.3 kb insert of p70.1 indicating that it is a genuine 70K cDNA. Screening of a new cDNA library constructed from polysomal mRNA of HeLa cells with the p70.1 clone yielded an overlapping clone, FL70K, which was 2.7 kb long and covered the complete coding and 3′‐untranslated sequence of the 70K protein in addition to 680 nucleotides upstream of the putative initiation codon, The predicted mol. wt of the encoded protein is approximately 70 kd. Amino acid analysis of the purified HeLa 70K protein yielded values close or identical to those deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the full‐length cDNA. The 70K protein is rich in arginine (20%) and acidic amino acids (18%). Extremely hydrophilic regions containing mixed‐charge amino acid clusters have been identified at the carboxyl‐terminal half of the protein, which may function in RNA binding. A sequence comparison with two recently cloned RNA binding proteins revealed homology with one region in the U1 RNP 70K protein. This domain may also be responsible for RNA binding.
Navigation and comprehension of programs by novice programmers

The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of different methods of program navigation on the mental representation and comprehension of novice procedural programmers. As a programmer tries to comprehend a program, a particular navigation method may assist or inhibit the process by highlighting, or making more accessible, certain kinds of information. Presumably, a method of navigation that highlights a certain type of information will help the programmer to better comprehend that information. In this research we study the effect of sequential, control flow, and data flow navigation methods on novices programmers' overall comprehension of a program and on the ability to comprehend specific types of information. Our results indicate that novice comprehension is facilitated by a sequential or control flow view of the program and is inhibited by a data flow view.
The Influence of Preoperative Back Pain on the Outcome of Lumbar Decompression Surgery

Study Design. Prospective study with 12-month follow-up. Objective. To examine how the relative severity of low back pain (LBP) to leg/buttock pain (LP) influences the outcome of decompression surgery for spinal stenosis. Summary of Background Data. Decompression surgery is a common treatment for lumbar spinal canal stenosis, with generally good outcome. However, concomitant LBP at presentation can make it difficult to decide whether decompression alone will result in a good overall outcome. Methods. The Spine Society of Europe Spine Tango system was used to acquire the data from 221 patients. Inclusion criteria were lumbar degenerative spinal stenosis, first-time surgery, maximum 3 affected levels, and decompression as the only procedure. Before and 12 months after surgery, patients completed the multidimensional Core Outcome Measures Index (COMI; includes 0–10 LP and LBP scales); at 12 months, global outcome was rated on a Likert-scale and dichotomized into “good” and “poor” groups. Results. There was a low but significant positive correlation between baseline LP-minus-LBP scores and both improvement in the multidimensional COMI score after 12 months (r = 0.21, P = 0.003) and the score on the 12-month global outcome scale (r = 0.19, P = 0.007). In the good outcome group, mean baseline LP was 2.3 (±3.7) points higher than LBP; in the poor group, the corresponding value was 0.8 (±3.4) (P = 0.01 between groups). In multivariate regression analyses (controlling for age, gender, comorbidity), baseline LBP intensity was the most significant predictor of the 12-month COMI score, and preoperative LP-minus-LBP score of the global outcome (each P < 0.05). Conclusion. Overall, greater back pain relative to LP at baseline was associated with a significantly worse outcome after decompression. This finding seems intuitive, but has rarely been quantified in the many predictor studies conducted to date. Consideration of relative LBP and LP scores may assist in clinical decision-making and in establishing realistic patient expectations.
Clinical efficacy and levels of ciprofloxacin in tissue in patients with soft tissue infection

The clinical efficacy of ciprofloxacin was evaluated with 21 patients with soft tissue infection due mainly to gram-negative aerobic bacteria. Clinical cure was noted in 16 patients (76%), and clinical improvement was noted in the remaining 5 patients (24%). In addition, levels of ciprofloxacin were measured in the sera and tissues of 11 patients. Mean concentrations in tissue averaged 1.75 times the levels in serum. Ciprofloxacin should provide serum and soft tissue concentrations above the MICs for most gram-negative aerobic bacteria.
New methods for evaluating the impact of single event transients in VDSM ICs

This work considers a SET (single event transient) fault simulation technique to evaluate the probability that a transient pulse, born in the combinational logic, may be latched in a storage cell. Fault injection procedures and a fast fault simulation algorithm for transient faults were implemented around an event driven simulator. A statistical analysis was implemented to organize data sampled from simulations. The benchmarks show that the proposed algorithm is capable of injecting and simulating a large number of transient faults in complex designs. Also specific optimizations have been carried out, thus greatly reducing the simulation time compared to a sequential fault simulation approach.
Design of zeroth-order resonant antennas for mobile applications

Metamaterial-based (MTM) zeroth-order resonant (ZOR) antennas (DNG: Double Negative, ENG: Epsilon Negative, MNG: Mu Negative) are examined based on simple equivalent circuits. Relevant design equations for them are provided in closed-form expressions. It is shown that the short-/open-terminated MNG/ENG ZOR antennas are practically identical to the short-/open-terminated DNG ZOR antennas, respectively. In addition, a compact MIMO antenna system consisting of the ENG and MNG structures is evaluated to be quite competitive to others in size, radiation efficiency, isolation, and envelope correlation.
Conformation of MgATP bound to 5-phospho-a-~-ribose 1-diphosphate synthetase by two-dimensional transferred nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy

The conformation of MgATP bound at the active site of Salmonella typhimurium 5-phospho-a-~ribose 1 -diphosphate synthetase (PRibPP synthetase) has been investigated by two-dimensional transferred-NOE spectroscopy (TRNOESY). Inter-proton NOES of the ligand were measured in the presence of the protein at several mixing times in the range of 40-300 ms at 500 MHz and 10°C. Measurements were made at low ligand concentrations (= 1 mM) in order to avoid weak non-specific ligand-protein interactions and to ensure that the NOE arises from the ligand bound at the active site. The inter-proton distances were determined from the experimentally observed NOE buildup curves by comparing them with theoretical simulations obtained by using the complete relaxation matrix. These distances were used as constraints in molecular modeling and energy minimization calculations to deduce the structure of the bound ligand. PRibPP synthetase is known to appreciably aggregate so that it exists in multiple oligomeric forms in solution. The structure was determined under the assumption that the ligand assumes the same conformation on each subunit of every oligomer regardless of its size. On the basis of the rotational correlation time deduced for the enzyme-nucleotide complexes, it is estimated that the average oligomer of PRibPP synthetase, in the sample used for the TRNOESY measurements, consists of about 30 subunits, whereas the smallest active form of the protein is a pentamer. The conformation of enzyme-bound MgATP is described by a glycosidic torsion angle x = 50 2 5" and phase angle of pseudorotation P = 114.9" corresponding to a sugar pucker. It is noteworthy that the value of the glycosidic torsion angle obtained in this pyrophosphoryl transfer enzyme complex agrees well with those obtained previously for MgATP complexes of creatine kinase, pyruvate kinase (active and ancillary sites), and arginine kinase. The sugar pucker, on the other hand, differs from one enzyme complex to another.
Correlation between diurnal variation of intraocular pressure, ocular pulse amplitude and corneal structural properties.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fluctuation of intraocular pressure measurements obtained by Goldmann applanation tonometry, dynamic contour tonometry, and corneal compensated non-contact tonometry during office hours in glaucoma and healthy participants. This study also aims at correlating the intraocular pressure fluctuations with fluctuations of corneal hysteresis, central corneal thickness, mean central corneal curvature and ocular pulse amplitude. METHODS A total of 12 controls (24 eyes) and 21 patients (38 eyes) with open-angle glaucoma were recruited. Intraocular pressure measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry, dynamic contour tonometry and corneal compensated non-contact tonometry, ocular pulse amplitude, central corneal curvature and thickness, corneal hysteresis, and resistance factor were obtained at intervals of 2 hours, between 9 AM and 5 PM. RESULTS Intraocular pressure fluctuated significantly throughout the day in controls and glaucoma individuals with all tonometers (P<0.001). There was no statistically significant variation in mean corneal curvature (P=0.048 in controls; P=0.04 in glaucomatous) or hysteresis over time (P=0.12 in controls; P=0.36 in glaucomatous). The ocular pulse amplitude showed a significant diurnal fluctuation in both groups (P<0.001). There was a significant correlation between the intraocular pressure measured by dynamic contour tonometry and ocular pulse amplitude (P<0.001). CONCLUSION There was significant intraocular pressure fluctuation over office hours on measurements performed by Goldmann applanation tonometry, dynamic contour tonometry, and corneal compensated non-contact tonometry in normal and glaucoma individuals. Intraocular pressure varied independently of corneal hysteresis, central corneal thickness, and central curvature variation. However, there was significant correlation between ocular pulse amplitude and intraocular pressure measurements performed by dynamic contour tonometry.
The structurally diverse intergenic regions of respiratory syncytial virus do not modulate sequential transcription by a dicistronic minigenome

The first nine genes of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a nonsegmented negative-strand RNA virus, are separated by intergenic regions which range in size from 1 to 52 nucleotides for strain A2 and lack obvious consensus elements except that each ends in an A (genome sense). Their significance for gene expression was investigated by using RSV-CAT-LUC RNA, a helper-dependent cDNA-encoded dicistronic analog of RSV genomic RNA in which the viral genes were replaced by a negative-sense copy of the translational open reading frame (ORF) encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) as the upstream, leader-proximal gene and that encoding luciferase (LUC) as the downstream gene. These foreign ORFs were flanked by the RSV gene-start (GS) and gene-end (GE) transcription signals and separated by the naturally occurring G/F intergenic region. The RSV-CAT-LUC minigenome was synthesized in vitro and transfected into RSV-infected cells, and synthesis of the CAT and LUC mRNAs was monitored by enzyme assay and Northern (RNA) blot hybridization. Surprisingly, substitution of each of the other naturally occurring RSV intergenic regions in turn did not significantly alter the absolute or relative amounts of the two mRNAs. Substitution of a nonnatural 10-nucleotide intergenic region, or elimination of the intergenic region altogether, also had little effect on the level of expression of the two genes. Four of the minigenome variants containing naturally occurring intergenic regions were modified further by replacing part of the LUC ORF with a second copy of the CAT ORF, so that each of the two mRNAs would hybridize equally with a CAT-specific probe and their relative molar amounts could be determined. The level of expression of the downstream gene was 0.30 to 0.36 that of the upstream one. This determined the magnitude of RSV transcriptional polarity across a gene pair and confirmed that this value was very similar among the various intergenic regions. Minigenome transcription also yielded a CAT-LUC readthrough mRNA at a level 0.10 to 0.13 that of the LUC mRNA. In summary, the structurally diverse RSV intergenic regions do not appear to play a role in modulating RSV gene expression.
A fuzzy inference model for image segmentation

We present a novel method to segment objects in images based on the similarity measurement of fuzzy gray level technique in this paper. In our model, we classify the processing steps into three stages. First, we utilize the attributes of luminance and chromaticity components of HLS color coordinate system to form a fuzzy gray level. These attributes can describe the relationship between different frequent colors and the image can be transferred to smooth gray level, which can capture the objects in images. Second, we reduce the gray levels of image pixels to lower gray levels to speed up computation. Third, we label each root pixel based on a similarity measurement. We perform a sliding window to move from one block to the next one. The similarity of the two root pixels blocked by the sliding window depends on their neighboring pixels. Via the similarity computation, we assign a label number to the root pixels. We generate objects from grouping different labels. The image data are classified by fuzzy gray level technique and the objects are segmented from images. According to the simulation results, our model shows the efficiency and effectiveness for image segmentation.
Multifaceted intervention to improve diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in patients with recent wrist fracture: a randomized controlled trial

Background: Older patients who experience a fragility fracture are at high risk of future fractures but are rarely tested or treated for osteoporosis. We developed a multifaceted intervention directed at older patients with wrist fractures (in the form of telephone-based education) and their physicians (in the form of guidelines endorsed by opinion leaders, supported by reminders) to improve the quality of osteoporosis care. Methods: In a randomized controlled trial with blinded ascertainment of outcomes, we compared our intervention with usual care (provision of printed educational materials to patients). Eligible patients were those older than 50 years of age who had experienced a wrist fracture and were seen in emergency departments and fracture clinics; we excluded those who were already being treated for osteoporosis. The primary outcome was bisphosphonate treatment within 6 months after the fracture. Secondary outcomes included bone mineral density testing, “appropriate care” (consisting of bone mineral density testing with treatment if bone mass was low) and quality of life. Results: We screened 795 patients for eligibility and randomly assigned 272 to the intervention (137 patients) or control (135 patients) group. The median age was 60 years; 210 (77%) of the subjects were women, and 130 (48%) reported a previous fracture as an adult. Six months after the fracture, 30 (22%) of the intervention patients, as compared with 10 (7%) of the control patients, were receiving bisphosphonate therapy for osteoporosis (adjusted relative risk [RR] 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3–5.1, p = 0.008). Intervention patients were more likely than control patients to undergo bone mineral density testing (71/137 [52%] v. 24/135 [18%]; adjusted RR 2.8, 95% CI 1.9–4.2, p < 0.001) and to receive appropriate care (52/137 [38%] v. 15/135 [11%]; adjusted RR 3.1, 95% CI 1.8–5.3, p < 0.001). There were no differences between the groups in other outcomes. One patient died, and 4 others experienced recurrent fracture. Interpretation: A multifaceted intervention directed at high-risk patients and their physicians substantially increased rates of testing and treatment for osteoporosis. Nevertheless, more than half of the patients in the intervention group were not receiving appropriate care 6 months after their fracture, which suggests that additional strategies should be explored. (ClinicalTrials.gov trial register no. NCT00152321.)
Design of a weight-compensated and coupled tendon-driven articulated long-reach manipulator

A weight-compensated and coupled tendon-driven mechanism which is a combination of the existing two mechanisms is proposed and its static control is discussed. This mechanism allows the long-reach manipulator with very small actuators by applying one thick tendon to a coupled tendon-driven mechanism. Static control of tension was investigated and the solution which derives the tension of the joint controlling tendons and the weight-compensating tendon from the arm posture was proposed. Moreover, tendon tension on three types of the proposed mechanism is simulated in six postures. The weight-compensation sometimes requires large tension of the joint controlling tendons, however, it reduces tendons tension under around 2 kN basically.
Reliability of the MOS SF36 health status measure in Australian general practice.

OBJECTIVE Past studies suggest that the MOS SF36 holds promise as a useful instrument to assess health outcomes. Although it is being promoted for use in general practice, it is important first to examine its reliability in this setting. METHOD A consecutive sample of 64 adult patients were recruited from an experienced general practitioner's waiting room in metropolitan Sydney. They were asked to complete identical questionnaires containing the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) SF36 mailed to them on two separate occasions. RESULTS There was a 66% response rate for both Time 1 and Time 2 surveys resulting in 64 paired questionnaires with high item completion rates (95-100%). The results demonstrated high internal consistency for both tests (Cronbach's a > 0.87). The reliability coefficients ranged from 0.59 to 0.89 across scales. CONCLUSIONS This study provides support for the psychometric stability of the MOS SF36 as quality of life measure for patients in general practice. However, a large study is required to establish much needed normative ranges for self administered instruments in general practice.
Prey capture in Chamaeleo oustaleti

The kinematics of prey capture by the chamaeleonid lizard Chamaeleo oustaleti were studied using high-speed cinematography. Three feeding sequences from each of two individuals were analyzed for strike distances of 20 and 35 cm, at 30°C. Ten distances and angles were measured from sequential frames beginning approximately 0.5 s prior to tongue projection and continuing for about 1.0 s. Sixteen additional variables, documenting maximum excursions and the timing of events, were calculated from the kinematic profiles. Quantified descriptions of head, hyoid and tongue movements are presented. Previously unrecognized rapid protraction of the hyobranchial skeleton simultaneously with the onset of tongue projection was documented and it is proposed that this assists the accelerator muscle in powering tongue projection. Acceleration of the tongue occurred in about 20ms, reaching a maximum acceleration of 486 m s~ and maximum velocity of 5.8m s" in 35 cm strikes. Deceleration of the tongue usually began within 5 ms before prey contract and the direction of tongue movement was reversed within 10 ms of prey contact. Retraction of the tongue, caused by shortening of the retractor muscles, reached a maximum velocity of 2.99 ms" 1 and was complete 330 ms after prey contact. Projection distance influences many aspects of prey capture kinematics, particularly projection time, tongue retraction time and the extent of gape and head movements during tongue retraction, all of which are smaller in shorter feedings. Though several features of the chameleon strike have apparently been retained from lizards not capable of ballistic tongue projection, key differences are documented. Unlike members of a related family, the Agamidae, C. oustaleti uses no body lunge during prey capture, exhibits gape reduction during tongue projection and strongly depresses the head and jaws during tongue retraction.