Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stability of lysosomal membranes of ocular neuronal structures in the rabbit model of glaucoma in the presence of experimental diabetes mellitus

E-mail: yurevich@yahoo.com Background: Pathogenetic mechanisms of glaucoma remain largely poorly understood. Some authors consider diabetes as a major risk factor for glaucomatous damage. Determination of the state of lysosomal membranes of the retina and optic nerve in primary glaucoma associated with diabetes is important for establishing the pathogenesis of this combined disorder. Purpose: To investigate the structural and functional stability of lysosomes in a rabbit model of experimental glaucoma (ocular hypertension) associated with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Materials and Methods: A total of 34 adult rabbits were used in the study to model streptozotocin-induced diabetes only, glaucoma (ocular hypertension) only or glaucoma associated with diabetes. The activity of the marker lysosomal enzyme, acid phosphatase, was determined in the retinal and optic nerve tissue. Results: Stability of lysosomal membranes in the neuronal ocular tissue was found to be sharply decreased in the model of glaucoma associated with diabetes. The activity of the marker lysosomal enzyme, acid phosphatase, changed more markedly in the model of glaucoma associated with streptozotocin-induced diabetes than in those of diabetes only or glaucoma only. Conclusion: Lysosomal dysfunction is a pathogenetic phase of the glaucomatous process in the presence of diabetes mellitus.
LINEs, SINEs, and Wallabies: The Dynamic Landscape of a Regional Centromere

Despite the conserved functional role of centromeres within eukaryotic organisms, no regional mammalian centromere has yet to be fully sequenced and assembled due to the inability of sequencing technology to sequence and assemble highly repetitive regions of the genome. The work contained within this thesis presents the first sequenced mammalian centromere, tammar wallaby CEN1, which lacks satellite sequences, and is instead composed of 43.54% interspersed retroelement sequences. The small size and interspersed pattern of repeats within the centromere made it possible to build and sequence a minimum tiling path spanning 1.62 Mb of centromere sequence. The assembly of the CEN1 supercontig allowed for the demonstration of the interplay between the centromeric DNA, RNA transcripts, and CENP-A, the epigenetic mark denoting the location of the active centromere. I have identified a functional sequence, HAL1-3_ME (a LINE1), within CEN1, which binds CENP-A, may contain the CENP-B box, and is transcribed into small and long noncoding RNA with a subset of transcripts associating with CENP-A. The sequence content, structure, and presence of actively transcribed genes within the 1.62Mb CEN1 supercontig shows similarities to neocentromeres, evolutionary new centromeres (ENCs), and some plant centromeres. Tammar wallaby cytological centromere positions are shared with the redneck wallaby whose centromeres are composed of
Washing the grapes before crushing : effects on contaminants and fermentation

The effect of grape washing was evaluated at winery scale in two premium white and red vinifications in Trentino (Italy). White and red grapes were washed in winery scale with 1 % citric acid solution, and the compositions of the musts were compared with that of the untreated controls. The metal and pesticide content of musts were well different if grape contamination was detectable. The yeast content of musts was also reduced by the washing procedure. The fermentation rate was measured in musts inoculated with native yeast (spontaneous fermentation) and with two differently prepared starter cultures. In all cases the fermentation rate was higher with washed grapes.
10 The Ribosome and Its Synthesis

I. INTRODUCTION The ribosome can be considered the blue-collar worker of the cell, faithfully carrying out the designs provided by the structural genes. In this role, the ribosome is central to the growth and maintenance of the cell, and, in turn, many of the functions of the cell are involved in ensuring a steady and regulated supply of ribosomes. Studies of the biosynthesis of ribosomes and its regulation provide us with an entree into many of the key questions of molecular and cellular biology. Expression of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and protein genes involves most of the known machinery and processes of eukaryotic gene expression: transcription by RNA polymerases I, II, and III; posttranscriptional modification and processing of precursor RNAs; and translation of mRNAs. Efficient biosynthesis of ribosomes must involve regulation of these processes to produce equal amounts of rRNAs and ribosomal proteins in proportion to cellular growth rates. Consequently, studies of ribosome biosynthesis are closely intertwined with those of growth rate regulation. rRNA transcription and processing as well as ribosome assembly take place within a special organelle, the nucleolus; little is known about its structure and operation. The ribosomal proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm and transported to the nucleus. The completed ribosomal subunits are transported from the nucleolus to the cytoplasm. Almost nothing is known about either of these processes. The processing of rRNA and the role of ribosomal proteins, nonribosomal proteins, and small nucleolar RNAs in this processing are similarly hazy. These are questions of fundamental importance for.
Self Organization and Adaptation in Insect Societies

Division of labor and its associated phenomena have been viewed as prime examples of group-level adaptations. However, the adaptations are the result of the process of evolution by natural selection and thus require that groups of insects once existed and competed for reproduction, some of which had a heritable division of labor while others did not. We present models, based on those of Kauffman (1984) that demonstrate how division of labor may occur spontaneously among groups of mutually tolerant individuals. We propose that division of labor itself is not a product of natural selection but instead is a "typical" outcome of self organization.
Intercellular Signaling Pathways in the Initiation of Mammalian Forebrain Development

INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN THE INITIATION OF MAMMALIAN FOREBRAIN DEVELOPMENT by Yu-Ping Yang Program in Genetics Duke University Date: March 16, 2007 . Approved: ___________________________ John Klingensmith, Supervisor ___________________________ Blanche Capel ___________________________ Margaret L. Kirby ___________________________ Elwood Linney ___________________________ David R. McClay An abstract submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Program in Genetics in the Graduate School of Duke University 2007 Copyright by Yu-Ping Yang 2007
Wii Fit Plus Exercise Training for Persons With Cardiac Disease

Purpose:Active video gaming is becoming increasingly popular as a mode of exercise for maintaining and improving health, but little evidence exists for its effectiveness in improving functional endurance in persons with cardiac disease. This study examined the effect of active video gaming on functional exercise capacity of persons diagnosed with cardiac disease. Methods:An experimental pretest posttest study consisting of persons referred for exercise training by cardiologists/cardiothoracic surgeons was perfomed. Each person completed 40-minute sessions of exercise using the Nintendo Wii Fit Plus 3 times a week for 6 weeks. The distance walked in 6 minutes (6MWD) was measured preintervention and postintervention. Participants were also asked to rate their overall enjoyment of the sessions using a 0- to 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS). The paired t test was used to examine changes in the outcomes. Results:Twenty-eight persons, mean age 62.1 (11.4) years, completed the intervention. There was a significant increase of 36.3 m or 119.1 feet in the 6MWD (P = .001), which exceeded the minimum clinically important difference of 23.3 m or 76.4 feet reported for this population. The average enjoyment score using the VAS was 9.1 (1.41) cm. Conclusions:Active video gaming with the Nintendo Wii Fit Plus is effective in increasing the exercise capacity of persons with cardiac disease and may be used to complement other modes of exercise.
ISTA - History 1974-1995

A survey of the activities of the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) during the period 1974-1995 is given with some references to activities in earlier years. In special chapters the article deals with: - The main publication of the Association, Seed Science and Technology (SST). - Advances in Research and Technology of Seeds, a litterature review started and discontinued during the period. - The Intemational Rules for Seed Testing, also published in SST. - The ISTA Handbooks, important supplements to the ISTA Rules. - The ISTA News Bulletin, a usefull means of communication between membership and administration. - The International Seed Analysis Certificate (based on tests made according to the ISTA Rules). - The development ofthe membership and the membership fee. Arrangements of seed testing conferences as well as ISTA congresses, meetings, workshops, and seminars. Summing up important achievements during the period. - At the end of the article lists of: Presidents, Vice-Presidents, Honorary Secretary/Treasures, Members - at large of the Executive Committee, Chairmen of the various technical committees and their time of function have been included.
Pseudomembranous enterocolitis cured with three intestinal microbiota transplantations

We present a unique case of a 82 years old women, with this newly described condition called “pseudomembranous enterocolitis cured with three transplants of intestinal microbi0ta (imt). ” We evaluated the case of gaw, who had a perforates sigmoid diverticulum 10m days ago and had surgery with sigmoid resection, colostomy and hartmann’s pouch. Her progress was good. However, she was given metronidazole and vancomycin, antibiotics that caused severe diarrhea and toxic state, a week postoperatively. Histopathological study of surgical specimen showed colonic mucosa extensively ulcerated and granulation tissue, fibrin and abundant neutrophils. Submucosal edema and acute periserositis. The muscular and mucosal layer had not alterations. A diagnosis of pseudomembranous enterocolitis (pm) was made. The patient had a toxic state, semi-conscious, diaphoretic and extensive erythema in the right forearm, with minor erythema at the left forearm and face, as well as perineal erythema, third degree edema in lower limbs, dehydrated and chest x-ray showed interstitial pneumonitis. She had a typical case of pm, and proceeded to perform an intestinal microbiota transplantation (imt) from healthy donors at clinical and laboratory studies. After that imt we performed colonoscopy, which showed at the course of transverse and right colon multiple plaques of whitish, cotton-like appearance, which protuded on the mucosal surface. This appearance were also seen at the left colon. We applied 400 ml. Of imt in the right colon and 100 ml at the hartmann’s pouch of rectum. At the colonoscopy we placed a foley’s catheter with an inflated balloon 20 ml. Also, solid petroleum jelly was left to prevent imt elimination. We removed all antibiotic treatment and replaced with probiotics, through the nasogastric tube.
Alcohol consumption among pregnant and non-pregnant women in Russia: evidence for prevention

University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (940 Northeast 13th St. Nicholson Tower, Suite 4900, Oklahoma City, OK, USA) Saint Petersburg University (Universitetskaya Nab. 7-9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation) Kozma Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University Minin University (ul. Ulianova 1, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation) Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia (Nab. Moiki 48, Saint Petersburg 197739, Russian Federation)
The knowledge, attitude, practice of contraception in breastfeeding mothers

Background: The nationwide Family Planning Programme was started in India in 1952, making it the first country in the world to do so. In spite of this about 56% eligible couples in India are still unprotected against conception. Even after 63 years of national level family planning programme there exists a KAP- GAP i.e. a gap between the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding contraception. Hence this study to reassess where we stand and also use it as an opportunity to increase the awareness, sensitize and motivate the eligible couples for contraceptive use and decrease the KAP-GAP.Methods: A structured questionnaire was given to postnatal breastfeeding mothers attending Outpatient department Obstetrics and gynecology and Pediatrics and postnatal wards of Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad from 1 November 2014 to 1 October 2015, and results tabulated.Results: In this study 48.4% of the mothers knew that exclusive breast feeding could be used as a method of contraception. About 54.6% mothers used one or the other type of contraception during breastfeeding. Most practiced contraception being condom followed by Cu-T. A very small number of mothers considered oral contraceptive pills and injectable contraception in the form of Depot-Provera.Conclusions: In most of the women attitude towards use of family planning method was satisfactory but there exists disparity between the knowledge and practice of contraception.
HIV, drugs and the kidney

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects over 36 million people worldwide. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is expanding and improving HIV viral suppression, resulting in increasing exposure to drugs and drug interactions. Polypharmacy is a common complication as people are living longer on ART, increasing the risk of drug toxicities. Polypharmacy is related not only to ART exposure and medication for opportunistic infections, but also to treatment of chronic lifestyle diseases. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequent in HIV and is commonly the result of sepsis, dehydration and drug toxicities. Furthermore, HIV itself increases the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Drug treatment is often complicated in people living with HIV because of a greater incidence of AKI and/or CKD compared to the HIV-negative population. Impaired renal function affects drug interactions, drug toxicities and importantly drug dosing, requiring dose adjustment. This review discusses ART and its nephrotoxic effects, including drug-drug interactions. It aims to guide the clinician on dose adjustment in the setting of renal impairment and dialysis, for the commonly used drugs in patients with HIV.
Imaging in Suspected Appendicitis

Appendicitis is the most suspected diagnosis in patients who consult for abdominal pain, and appendicitis is the most common cause which requires urgent abdominal surgery or intervention. Classically, the diagnosis has been made with the patient’s medical his- tory, physical examination, and laboratory findings; however, its preoperative diagnosis is increasingly reliant on imaging. The negative appendectomy rates decreased after the introduction of the use of imaging modalities. The diagnosis of appendicitis should be made early to avoid complications such as perforation. The objective of this chapter is to describe briefly the most important findings in each available image modality and the impact they have on the management and list the potential mimics of appendicitis.
First record of Osmundea oederi (Gunnerus) G. Furnari comb. nov. (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) from the Mediterranean Sea

La presence d'Osmundea oederi (Gunnerus) G. Furnari comb. nov. est signalee pour la premiere fois en Mediterranee dans le Golfe de Tarante (Italie). O. oederi est compare avec O. truncata, espece morphologiquement voisine, et avec d'autres especes d'Osmundea presentes en Mediterranee et pourvues de thalles comprimes et de synapses secondaires entre les cellules de l'epiderme. Laurencia bolivarii des Caraibes est conspecifique d'O. oederi.
A novel population of memory‐activated natural killer cells associated with low parasitaemia in Plasmodium falciparum‐exposed sickle‐cell trait children

The sickle‐cell trait phenotype is associated with protection from malaria. Multiple molecular mechanisms have been proposed to explain this protection, but the role of the host immune system has been poorly investigated. We hypothesised that cellular immunity to malaria may develop differently in sickle‐cell trait children (HbAS) and children with normal haemoglobin (HbAA) repeatedly exposed to Plasmodium falciparum (Pf).
Pengaruh High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) terhadap Kebugaran Kardiorespirasi

Penyakit jantung merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang prevalensinya cukup banyak ditemui pada masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Terdapat beberapa faktor risiko yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan pada jantung. Studi epidemiologi menunjukkan pada individu yang memiliki akumulasi lemak di regio abdominal memiliki risiko lebih besar untuk berkembang menjadi sindrom metabolik. Selain obesitas, faktor risiko yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit jantung adalah hipertensi, dislipidemia, dan kebugaran kardiorespirasi yang rendah. Kebugaran kardiorespirasi merupakan ukuran sejauh mana tubuh dapat menghasilkan ATP melalui respirasi seluler. Kebugaran kardiorespirasi dapat ditingkatkan melalui latihan fisik atau olahraga. Salah satu jenis latihan fisik yang dapat meningkatkan kebugaran kardiorespirasi sehingga kerja jantung menjadi lebih optimal adalah high intensity interval training (HIIT). HIIT adalah latihan yang terdiri dari beberapa siklus dalam durasi yang pendek atau sedang dan intensitas yang tinggi dan tiap siklusnya diselingi dengan waktu istirahat berupa latihan intensitas ringan. HIIT memiliki efek meningkatkan VO 2 maks dan menyebabkan penebalan miokard ventrikel kiri jantung yang fisiologis sehingga kekuatan dan kemampuan jantung untuk memompa darah tiap kontraksi meningkat sehingga menurunkan jumlah denyut nadi per menitnya. Dapat disimpulkan, HIIT meningkatkan kebugaran kardiorespirasi Kata kunci: high intensity interval training , kebugaran kardiorespirasi, VO 2 maks
Exploring the Transition of Registered Nurses from Acute Care to Primary Health Care Settings

Background: Internationally, the health needs of communities are changing as a result of the ageing population and the complexity associated with providing care to people with chronic conditions. This has resulted in the need for a sustainable health workforce skilled in the provision of primary health care (PHC). In Australia, there is evidence that registered nurses (RNs) are being recruited from acute care employment in order to meet nursing workforce shortages in PHC. However, little is known about how and why RNs transition, how efficiently they are able to transfer their skills, their transitioning experiences between settings and their future career intentions. This study provides new knowledge to inform recruitment and retention strategies, workforce policy and nursing education. Aim: To investigate the transition experiences and future career intentions of Australian RNs who move from acute care to PHC employment. Methods: A sequential mixed methods design was selected based on pragmatic underpinnings. Role theory provided the theoretical framework to inform the research design. The study consisted of a national online survey of RNs who had transitioned from acute to PHC employment within the previous five years (n=111), and semi-structured interviews with thirteen purposefully selected survey respondents. Findings: Reasons why nurses chose to transition to PHC were most commonly cited as relating to personal rather than professional issues. Improved work/life balance, better work hours and flexible work arrangements were highly rated, and made up for lower remuneration in the PHC sector. Barriers and enablers to successfully transitioning were also identified, with the nature of orientation and access to other supports such as preceptors and mentors varying greatly across the PHC sector. Availability of funding and/or time to undertake professional learning and knowledge development, and performance review opportunities varied according to the nature of PHC settings and factors such as geographic location and size of the workplace. Despite the positive attitudes of study participants towards the PHC environment and PHC nursing, a reasonable number were unwilling to commit long term to a career in PHC. Reasons cited included concerns about loss of clinical skills and availability of career paths in PHC. Conclusion: This study has highlighted the need to improve the professional profile of PHC nursing in order to attract nurses to this sector. If nurses are to be retained in PHC employment, they must be professionally supported by preceptors and mentors within a positive work environment throughout their transition. Opportunities to retain clinical skills, access to professional development and equitable remuneration are likely to encourage nurses to remain in PHC employment.
Correction: Dietary Regimens Modify Early Onset of Obesity in Mice Haploinsufficient for Rai1

Smith-Magenis syndrome is a complex genomic disorder in which a majority of individuals are obese by adolescence. While an interstitial deletion of chromosome 17p11.2 is the leading cause, mutation or deletion of the RAI1 gene alone results in most features of the disorder. Previous studies have shown that heterozygous knockout of Rai1 results in an obese phenotype in mice and that Smith-Magenis syndrome mouse models have a significantly reduced fecundity and an altered transmission pattern of the mutant Rai1 allele, complicating large, extended studies in these models. In this study, we show that breeding C57Bl/6J Rai1 +/2 mice with FVB/NJ to create F1 Rai1 +/2 offspring in a mixed genetic background ameliorates both fecundity and Rai1 allele transmission phenotypes. These findings suggest that the mixed background provides a more robust platform for breeding and larger phenotypic studies. We also characterized the effect of dietary intake on Rai1 +/2 mouse growth during adolescent and early adulthood developmental stages. Animals fed a high carbohydrate or a high fat diet gained weight at a significantly faster rate than their wild type littermates. Both high fat and high carbohydrate fed Rai1 +/2 mice also had an increase in body fat and altered fat distribution patterns. Interestingly, Rai1 +/2 mice fed different diets did not display altered fasting blood glucose levels. These results suggest that dietary regimens are extremely important for individuals with Smith-Magenis syndrome and that food high in fat and carbohydrates may exacerbate obesity outcomes. Copyright: ß 2014 Alaimo et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability: The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.