Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Summer 6-19-2015 Containment of RumorsunderLimitCost Budget in Social Network

With widely usingof computer and mobile devices available, people share information more frequently on the online social network (OSN) than before, so information spread faster and wider, especially misinformation andrumors. Rumors on the OSN often make E-commerce companiessuffermuch financial losses.Once there is a rumor, the companies always try to control the rumor propagating so that they suffer the least loss by using a certain budget. In this paper,an effective method on information blocking maximization with cost budget (CIBM) is proposed to solve rumor containment problem with cost budget in e-commerce environment. First, CIBM is proved as NP-hardproblem withthe characteristic of sub-modular and monotone.Then a community dividing algorithm based community structure is presented to optimize containment of the rumors. To verify our proposed method, a lot of experiments are conducted on real dataset and random generated datasets. And the experiment results show that our algorithm has advantage over traditional methods.
A Framework for Comparing Perspectives on Privacy and Pervasive Technologies

Pervasive computing research has evolved, investigating mechanisms for supporting some predefined notion of privacy, typically favoring individual rights over the rights of the community. We offer a framework to consider individual and group rights so that technology developers can more effectively reason about concerns for existing technology as well as generate new technologies that respect a well-defined set of social norms. We outline a framework designed to help developers understand the conflict between privacy and pervasive computing technologies, particularly those technologies that deal with sensing and storage. Pervasive computing technologies, especially those that can automate perception of human activity and then store that information, can provide tremendous benefits. We offer an analytic method to assist developers in asking questions about the systems and applications they are creating. We believe this framework will help developers minimize the gap between design goals and actual effects on privacy.
Locations of amino acid substitutions in bacteriophage T4 tsL56 DNA polymerase predict an N-terminal exonuclease domain

The amino acid substitutions responsible for the temperature-sensitive (ts) and mutator phenotypes of the classical bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase mutant tsL56 were determined. tsL56 DNA polymerase has two mutations in the 5' end of the DNA polymerase gene (g43) that produce two amino acid substitutions: codon 89, alanine to threonine, and codon 363, aspartate to asparagine. Both mutations are required for the strong ts and mutator phenotypes. The increased error rate of the tsL56 DNA polymerase is due to a reduction in 3'----5' exonuclease activity relative to polymerase activity (N. Muzyczka, R. L. Poland, and M. J. Bessman, J. Biol. Chem. 247:7116-7122, 1972). Thus, the locations of the tsL56 mutations suggest that the 3'----5' exonuclease domain resides in the N-terminal region. Several other ts DNA polymerase mutant strains isolated with tsL56 also have mutator or antimutator phenotypes. The nucleotide changes in these important mutant strains were also determined. This mutant collection, combined with collections of g43 amber mutants and mutants selected on the basis of a strong mutator phenotype (L. J. Reha-Krantz, J. Mol. Biol. 202:711-724, 1988), contains nearly 70 different DNA polymerase mutations. The numerous T4 DNA polymerase mutations are valuable for DNA polymerase structure-function and fidelity studies.
Structural Changes in Dengue Virus When Exposed to a Temperature of 37°C

ABSTRACT Previous binding studies of antibodies that recognized a partially or fully hidden epitope suggest that insect cell-derived dengue virus undergoes structural changes at an elevated temperature. This was confirmed by our cryo-electron microscopy images of dengue virus incubated at 37°C, where viruses change their surface from smooth to rough. Here we present the cryo-electron microscopy structures of dengue virus at 37°C. Image analysis showed four classes of particles. The three-dimensional (3D) map of one of these classes, representing half of the imaged virus population, shows that the E protein shell has expanded and there is a hole at the 3-fold vertices. Fitting E protein structures into the map suggests that all of the interdimeric and some intradimeric E protein interactions are weakened. The accessibility of some previously found cryptic epitopes on this class of particles is discussed.
Omega-3 fatty acids induce biochemical changes in the small bowel of rats before and after resection

No presente estudo, foi avaliado o efeito da dieta com oleo de peixe, uma fonte de acidos graxos altamente insaturados, sobre a mucosa intestinal antes e apos reseccao do intestino delgado proximal em ratos. Quarenta ratos Wistar foram alimentados com dieta definida contendo oleo de peixe (grupo experimental) ou oleo de milho (grupo controle). Apos duas semanas, os animais foram submetidos a resseccao de 50% do intestino delgado proximal. Os niveis das dissacaridases, fosfatase alcalina, animopeptidade, proteina, DNA e TBARS foram avaliados, imediatamente antes e 6 e 12 dias apos a cirurgia. As atividades das dissacaridases foram reduzidas na mucosa ileal no grupo de ratos alimentados com oleo de peixe, comparado com grupo controle antes e 12 dias apos a cirurgia. Os outros parâmetros nao mostraram diferencas significativas. Este resultado indica que o oleo de peixe (acidos graxos omega-3) altera parâmetros funcionais na mucosa intestinal normal e apos reseccao, comparado ao acido graxo omega-6, sugerindo cautela no uso de acidos graxos omega-3 como adjuvante no processo adaptativo apos reseccao.
Investigation of mutations in the HBB gene using the 1,000 genomes database

Mutations in the HBB gene are responsible for several serious hemoglobinopathies, such as sickle cell anemia and β-thalassemia. Sickle cell anemia is one of the most common monogenic diseases worldwide. Due to its prevalence, diverse strategies have been developed for a better understanding of its molecular mechanisms. In silico analysis has been increasingly used to investigate the genotype-phenotype relationship of many diseases, and the sequences of healthy individuals deposited in the 1,000 Genomes database appear to be an excellent tool for such analysis. The objective of this study is to analyze the variations in the HBB gene in the 1,000 Genomes database, to describe the mutation frequencies in the different population groups, and to investigate the pattern of pathogenicity. The computational tool SNPEFF was used to align the data from 2,504 samples of the 1,000 Genomes database with the HG19 genome reference. The pathogenicity of each amino acid change was investigated using the databases CLINVAR, dbSNP and HbVar and five different predictors. Twenty different mutations were found in 209 healthy individuals. The African group had the highest number of individuals with mutations, and the European group had the lowest number. Thus, it is concluded that approximately 8.3% of phenotypically healthy individuals from the 1,000 Genomes database have some mutation in the HBB gene. The frequency of mutated genes was estimated at 0.042, so that the expected frequency of being homozygous or compound heterozygous for these variants in the next generation is approximately 0.002. In total, 193 subjects had a non-synonymous mutation, which 186 (7.4%) have a deleterious mutation. Considering that the 1,000 Genomes database is representative of the world’s population, it can be estimated that fourteen out of every 10,000 individuals in the world will have a hemoglobinopathy in the next generation.
Comparison of Effects of Resistance and Multicomponent Training on Falls Prevention in Institutionalized Elderly Women

To the Editor: Falls are a major public health problem in older adults, causing high healthcare demand and expenses. At least 30% of people aged 65 and older fall every year, and this incidence is greater in institutionalized people. Age-related decreases in postural control and muscle strength have been identified as major risk factors for falls, so reducing fall risk in older adults is an important public health concern. Resistance training (RT) is considered to be the best training method to increase muscle strength and has also been found to be effective in preventing falls, but RT characteristics, especially the cost of equipment in care institutions, might make multicomponent training (MT) an efficient low-cost alternative. According to the literature, a variety of exercises involving gait, balance, coordination, strength training, and stretching can also enhance muscle strength, balance, and mobility in elderly adults, preventing falls, but most studies have been performed in healthy elderly individuals at low risk of falls. Studies performed with institutionalized elderly adults are less common, so the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two short-term training programs on falls prevention in institutionalized elderly women.
Mastopexy for breast ptosis: Utility outcomes of population preferences

Background Breast ptosis can occur with aging, and after weight loss and breastfeeding. Mastopexy is a procedure used to modify the size, contour and elevation of sagging breasts without changing breast volume. To gain more knowledge on the health burden of living with breast ptosis requiring mastectomy, validated measures can be used to compare it with other health states. Objective To quantify the health state utility assessment of individuals living with breast ptosis who could benefit from a mastopexy procedure; and to determine whether utility scores vary according to participant demographics. Methods Utility assessments using a visual analogue scale (VAS), time trade-off (TTO) and standard gamble (SG) methods were used to obtain utility scores for breast ptosis, monocular blindness and binocular blindness from a sample of the general population and medical students. Linear regression and the Student's t test were used for statistical analysis; P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results Mean (± SD) measures for breast ptosis in the 107 volunteers (VAS: 0.80±0.14; TTO: 0.87±0.18; SG: 0.90±0.14) were significantly different (P<0.0001) from the corresponding measures for monocular blindness and binocular blindness. When compared with a sample of the general population, having a medical education demonstrated a statistically significant difference in being less likely to trade years of life and less likely to gamble risk of a procedure such as a mastopexy. Race and sex were not statistically significant independent predictors of risk acceptance. Discussion For the first time, the burden of living with breast ptosis requiring surgical intervention was determined using validated metrics (ie, VAS, TTO and SG). The health burden of living with breast ptosis was found to be comparable with that of breast hypertrophy, unilateral mastectomy, bilateral mastectomy, and cleft lip and palate. Furthermore, breast ptosis was considered to be closer to ‘perfect health’ than monocular blindness, binocular blindness, facial disfigurement requiring face transplantation surgery, unilateral facial paralysis and severe lower extremity lymphedema. Conclusions Quantifying the health burden of living with breast ptosis requiring mastopexy indicated that is comparable with other breast-related conditions (breast hypertrophy and bilateral mastectomy). Numerical values have been assigned to this health state (VAS: 0.80±0.14; TTO: 0.87±0.18; and SG: 0.90±0.14), which can be used to form comparisons with the health burden of living with other disease states.
Arrangement of latches in scan-path design to improve delay fault coverage

A problem involving the arrangement of latches in a scan-path design to improve the coverage of delay faults is described. The problem is NP-hard, and a heuristic algorithm is introduced for solving this arrangement problem. A necessary and sufficient condition is also given to determine whether there is a scan path to implement a given delay-fault test pair. Only LAM (latch-arrangement-mapping) implementable test pairs need to be simulated by a delay-fault simulator for a semi-completed LSSD (level-sensitive-scan-design) circuit. Preliminary experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can find a LAM with better fault coverage than a randomly selected ones. <<ETX>>
Total Charge Movement per Channel

One measure of the voltage dependence of ion channel conductance is the amount of gating charge that moves during activation and vice versa. The limiting slope method, introduced by Almers (Almers, W. 1978. Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol. 82:96–190), exploits the relationship of charge movement and voltage sensitivity, yielding a lower limit to the range of single channel gating charge displacement. In practice, the technique is plagued by low experimental resolution due to the requirement that the logarithmic voltage sensitivity of activation be measured at very low probabilities of opening. In addition, the linear sequential models to which the original theory was restricted needed to be expanded to accommodate the complexity of mechanisms available for the activation of channels. In this communication, we refine the theory by developing a relationship between the mean activation charge displacement (a measure of the voltage sensitivity of activation) and the gating charge displacement (the integral of gating current). We demonstrate that recording the equilibrium gating charge displacement as an adjunct to the limiting slope technique greatly improves accuracy under conditions where the plots of mean activation charge displacement and gross gating charge displacement versus voltage can be superimposed. We explore this relationship for a wide variety of channel models, which include those having a continuous density of states, nonsequential activation pathways, and subconductance states. We introduce new criteria for the appropriate use of the limiting slope procedure and provide a practical example of the theory applied to low resolution simulation data.
Capacity enhancement in digital cellular systems using variable bitrate speech coding

In this paper, we consider the use of variable bitrate (VBR) speech coding to reduce co-channel interference and thus increase the capacity of cellular systems. We propose the so-called VBR-FEC scheme in which a variable-rate forward error-correcting code (FEC) is used in conjunction with a VBR speech coder. We then present an analysis of the enhancement in capacity that can be expected in the case of a CDMA system employing the proposed VBR-FEC scheme. Next, we present a design example using a specific VBR coder and a family of BCH codes for the FEC. Finally, we present a real-time statistical simulation platform that can be used to evaluate the impact on capacity of interference-reduction techniques, by studying their effect on received speech quality using listening tests. We use this platform to simulate the design example and present results of its performance.
Effects of Viewing Pleasant and Unpleasant Photographs on Facial EMG Asymmetry

40 subjects' facial electromyographic (EMG) activity at the corrugator and zygomatic muscle regions were recorded while they were viewing pleasant and unpleasant photographs. Analysis showed that the EMG activity at the left zygomatic muscle region generated the highest power, followed by the right zygomatic, left corrugator, and right corrugator muscle regions, while viewing pleasant photographs. The EMG activity at the left corrugator muscle region generated the highest power, followed by the right corrugator, left zygomatic, and right zygomatic muscle regions, while viewing unpleasant photographs. Further statistical analysis indicated that the EMG activities at the left corrugator region generated significantly higher power than those at the right corrugator region while viewing unpleasant photographs. It was concluded that the intensity of facial EMG activity on the left side of the face was stronger than the right side of the face during the process of emotional expression.
Women's responses to intimate partner violence in Rwanda: Rethinking agency in constrained social contexts

This paper explores instances of agency in women's responses to intimate partner violence (IPV) in Rwanda. The literature on women's responses to IPV conceptualises agency primarily as an individual's capacity to take action by reporting violence or leaving a relationship, obscuring other ways women may respond to violence in contexts where reporting or leaving are unlikely. We aim to replace this narrow conceptualisation of agency with a social constructivist focus on the meanings women attribute to possible IPV responses. We draw on data from a study of IPV in Rwanda, which includes semi-structured interviews with women experiencing violence and four focus group discussions with women community members (n = 39). Our findings highlight sociocultural, economic, political-legal and historical constraints that shape women's actions in this context. In relation to these constraints, women describe four possible responses to IPV: reporting the violence; seeking emotional support; ‘fighting back’ against violence; or remaining silent. While reporting and leaving violent relationships are identified, women also discuss the social constraints that make these actions extremely difficult. In designing effective strategies, we conclude that public health strategies need to consider women's understandings of their own actions, particularly in social contexts where certain actions may be constrained.
Picosecond-domain radiation pattern measurement using fiber-coupled photoconductive antenna

The photoconductive terahertz measurement technique was used for measurement of the radiation pattern from thick metal slits. Picosecond pulses were generated and detected by an ultrafast optoelectronic technique using a femtosecond pulse laser and a subpicosecond photoconductor. Photoconductive sampling measurements of the polarization-dependent diffraction of the picosecond electromagnetic pulses showed the highly polarized radiation characteristics of the photoconductive probing antenna (PCPA) compared with the finite-difference time-domain simulation. The radiation patterns from the slits were measured using a fiber-coupled PCPA. Investigation of the spatiotemporal radiation pattern from a thick metal slit shows the usefulness of the measurement set-up for time-domain and broadband antenna characterization. Together with the time-domain radiation pattern, the frequency-domain radiation pattern from the experimental transient response is presented in both amplitude and phase. It is demonstrated that the time-domain radiation pattern measurement using the photoconductive terahertz radiation technique is a promising characterization method for millimeter-wave and submillimeter-wave antenna time-domain testing.
The membranes of the basal labyrinth in kidney cells of the stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, studied in ultrathin sections and freeze-etch replicas.

The structure of the basal labyrinth in kidney cells of freshwater sticklebacks was studied in ultrathin sections (after fixation with permanganate, osmium tetroxide, and combinations of glutaraldehyde with osmium tetroxide) and in freeze-etch replicas (after pretreatment with glutaraldehyde and/or glycerol, or without pretreatment). The structure of the basal labyrinth in sticklebacks, and probably in other teleost species, differs essentially from the type of labyrinth found in kidney cells of mammals like the rat. In the latter animals, the space enclosed by the membranes of the labyrinth is intercellular. In the stickleback the labyrinth consists of an intracellular system of branched membranes lining narrow saccular spaces. These spaces communicate with the exterior of the cells by means of small pores, located in the lateral and basal parts of the outer cell membranes. All chemical fixation procedures used introduced specific structural artifacts. It is concluded that the structure of the basal labyrinth is relatively well preserved after fixation with potassium permanganate, with a mixture of glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide, or with osmium tetroxide when applied for 10 min only. The unit-membrane structure was, however, absent after all procedures involving osmium tetroxide. In freeze-etch replicas determinations were made of the numbers of small particles covering the surfaces and fracture faces of the membranes of the basal labyrinth and of the outer cell membranes. The numbers per unit area of surface proved to be markedly constant and specific for each of the four faces of both types of membranes. Specific differences were found between the particle densities of the outer cell membranes and the membranes of the basal labyrinth. This finding points to functional differences between these types of membranes. Particle densities were not influenced by pre-incubation with glycerol. After fixation with glutaraldehyde, the particles adhering to the outer and inner surfaces had decreased in number. It is concluded from this study that membrane structure, as revealed in thin sections as well as in freeze-etch replicas, is consistent with Singer9s ‘fluid lipid-crystal protein’ model.
Wireless monitoring of an electric fleet hub

Lithium-ion battery packs are more prevalent in transportation applications. These batteries are typically characterized by their higher energy density and reduced need for maintenance. This paper will show how the intelligence needed for safe operation and long life of an electric vehicle's lithium-ion battery pack can be leveraged to provide a complete logistics solution that allows a fleet operator to accurately monitor true operations and maintenance costs.
Co‐existing grass species have distinctive arbuscular mycorrhizal communities

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are biotrophic symbionts colonizing the majority of land plants, and are of major importance in plant nutrient supply. Their diversity is suggested to be an important determinant of plant community structure, but the influence of host‐plant and environmental factors on AM fungal community in plant roots is poorly documented. Using the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) strategy, the diversity of AM fungi was assessed in 89 roots of three grass species (Agrostis capillaris, Festuca rubra, Poa pratensis) that co‐occurred in the same plots of a field experiment. The impact of different soil amendments (nitrogen, lime, nitrogen and lime) and insecticide application on AM fungal community was also studied. The level of diversity found in AM fungal communities using the T‐RFLP strategy was consistent with previous studies based on clone libraries. Our results clearly confirm that an AM fungal host‐plant preference exists, even between different grass species. AM communities colonizing A. capillaris were statistically different from the others (P < 0.05). Although grass species evenness changed in amended soils, AM fungal community composition in roots of a given grass species remained stable. Conversely, in plots where insecticide was applied, we found higher AM fungal diversity and, in F. rubra roots, a statistically different AM fungal community.