Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validation of the Danish International Trauma Questionnaire for posttraumatic stress disorder in chronic pain patients using clinician-rated diagnostic interviews

ABSTRACT Background: The estimated prevalence rate of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is high in trauma-exposed chronic pain patients. At the same time, self-report measures of PTSD tend to be over-inclusive within this specific population due to the high symptom overlap resulting in potential false positives. There is a need for an updated PTSD screening tools with a proper validation against clinical interviews according to the recently published 11th revision of the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Objective: The present study aimed to validate the Danish International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) PTSD part in a sample of trauma-exposed chronic pain patients. Method: The ITQ was validated using a clinician-rated diagnostic interview of ICD-11 PTSD among chronic pain patients exposed to accident or work-related trauma (N = 40). Construct validity, concurrent and discriminant validity was investigated using confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and correlation analysis, respectively. Three CFA models of ITQ PTSD part were tested in a sample of trauma-exposed chronic pain patients (N = 1,017) and a subsample of chronic pain patients exposed to accident or work-related trauma only (n = 367). Results: Diagnostic consistency between the six ICD-11 PTSD symptoms derived from the ITQ and the clinical interview (κ = .59) and the overall accuracy of the scale (AUC = .90) were good. The Danish ITQ showed excellent construct, concurrent and discriminant validity. The ICD-11 three factor PTSD model had excellent fit in both the full sample and the subsample of traffic and work-related accidents. Conclusions: The results indicate that the ITQ also has good psychometric properties in patients with chronic pain. HIGHLIGHTS • This study provides the first validation of the ITQ for PTSD using diagnostic interview in trauma-exposed chronic pain patients. •Good diagnostic consistency and the overall accuracy as well as excellent construct, concurrent and discriminant validity were established.
Improving the level of trust in human-machine conversation

The aim of this paper is to contribute to the debate on ethics in AI focusing particularly on the social and ethical issues which emerge during human–conversational agent interaction. Those issues will be approached adopting both the perspective of the user and the one of the machine. In fact, it is often stressed the need to include the ethical component within system's design, which it is certainly necessary as will be discussed in the article. Nevertheless, conversational agents are tools, although they are capable of having a strong impact on the society; thus, the moral use of these social tools must be demanded to users as well. For this reason, it will be proposed a new set of ethical guidelines, called Mirror Ethics, based on the alignment of both parties involved in the conversation to a shared moral baseline. The adoption of these shared values will lead to the creation of a new ethical equilibrium between users and conversational agents, producing a social beneficial impact and increasing the level of trust within the human–machine interaction.
Evaluation of physicochemical and biodegradability properties of selected Nigerian non-edible oilseeds as potential cutting fluids.

This paper reports evaluation of physicochemical and biodegradability properties of selected non edible Nigerian oilseeds as a potential cutting fluid. Oil extraction process was carried on the oilseeds, with physicochemical parameters and biodegradability of the extracts were equally assessed. The established physicochemical parameters were percentage oil yield (5.58-61.8%), specific gravity (0.86-0.94), acid value (2.89-18.2 mgKOH/g), iodine value (15.7-104 mg iodine/g), peroxide value (1.35-10.9 mg/g oil), saponification value (173-286 mg KOH/g) and viscosity (37.9-53.1centipoises), while biodegradability ranged between (50.0-63.8%) in comparison with the mineral oil with values less than 20%. Based on this study, the oil extracts of Caesalpinia bonduc and Calophyllum inophyllum appeared to be the most suitable as potential cutting fluids for further formulation studies and machining trials.
Topographic experiments over dynamical processes in the Norwegian Sea

The Norwegian Atlantic Current is significantly steered by large topographic features of the Norwegian Sea. The geometry of topographic features in the region is highly variable, but the influence of this variation on the formation of a quasi-permanent anticyclonic vortex located in the center of the Lofoten Basin (Lofoten Vortex) is poorly understood. Four sensitivity experiments with a regional configuration of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model have been carried out with an objective to investigate the role of bottom topography on the formation of the Lofoten Vortex in the Norwegian Sea. We find that the bottom topography and especially the geometry of subsurface ridges are critical for the dynamics of the Norwegian Sea and stability of the Lofoten Vortex.
Hydrothermally stable Ru/HZSM-5-catalyzed selective hydrogenolysis of lignin-derived substituted phenols to bio-arenes in water

In the context of arenes generated from bioresources, a hydrothermally stable catalyst Ru/HZSM-5 is reported for the quantitative conversion of lignin-derived phenol, anisole, guaiacols, and syringols into bioaromatic hydrocarbons in a one-pot aqueous-phase process in moderate conditions (240 °C, 2 bar H2), with a high carbon balance of 98.6%. The selective hydrodeoxygenation reaction pathway from guaiacol proceeded via an initial hydrogenolysis route to phenol with a rate of 33 mmol g−1 h−1, and subsequently phenol was directly hydrogenolyzed to benzene at a rate of 10 mmol g−1 h−1 over Ru/HZSM-5 in selected conditions. Moreover, routes via the hydrogenation of guaiacol, as well as the hydrogenolysis of catechol and anisole, have been rationally excluded via comparative kinetic studies of the individual steps of the hydrodeoxygenation of catechol, anisole, and phenol over Ru/HZSM-5 in identical conditions. The selective cleavage of guaiacol at the C–O position of the Csp3–OAr group is influenced by space hindrance and the environment of the reactant (gas phase, liquid phase, or acidic aqueous phase). In the condensed liquid phase and gas phase, catechol rather than phenol is formed as the major product from guaiacol over Ru/HZSM-5. However, in the highly diluted aqueous phase, phenol alone (without detected catechol) is formed as the dominant product. In addition, the pathway for guaiacol conversion is sensitive to the hydrogen pressure and temperature, which demonstrates that a relatively high temperature and a low hydrogen pressure are crucial for manipulating the coupled tandem hydrogenolysis routes. Among various oxide-loaded Ru catalysts, Ru/HZSM-5 has been confirmed to be the most efficient catalyst for the target selective hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol, and the metal sites and support were found to be highly stable for four successive catalytic runs in the near-critical aqueous phase that was used.
In Vitro Enzyme Inhibitory and Antioxidant Properties, Cytotoxicity, and LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS Profile of Extracts from the Halophyte Lotus creticus L.

Background: The halophyte Lotus creticus L. (creta trefoil, Fabaceae) belongs to a family and genus containing several medicinal species, and is considered a promising crop for saline Mediterranean areas. However, to the best of our knowledge, information regarding the biological properties of this species that could increase its biotechnological value is particularly scarce. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the potential use of creta trefoil collected in Southern Portugal (Algarve) as a source of bioactive products. Methods: Food-grade extracts (water, acetone, ethanol) were obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction from aerial parts (stems and leaves) and fruits (pods), and evaluated for acute toxicity on mammalian cells. In vitro enzymatic inhibition was appraised on enzymes related to neurodegeneration (acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase: AChE and BuChE), type-2 diabetes (T2DM, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase), and hyperpigmentation/food browning (tyrosinase). In vitro, antioxidant activity included radical scavenging towards 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and metal chelating activity on iron and copper. Chemical composition was established by liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector (LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS). Results: Samples were not toxic and were active towards AChE (especially acetone extracts) and BuChE (particularly ethanol and acetone fruits’ extracts). Acetone and water fruit extracts and ethanol extract from aerial organs displayed significant inhibition on α-glucosidase, but low capacity towards amylase. All extracts exhibited a high capacity to inhibit tyrosinase, except water extract from aerial organs. Fruit extracts had, in general, the highest antioxidant capacity, especially ethanol. Fruits exhibited the highest diversity of polyphenols, especially flavonols, catechins, quercetin, myricetin, and its derivatives. Conclusions: Overall, our results suggested that creta trefoil should be further explored as a source of natural products for the management of T2DM, hyperpigmentation disorders, or food additive to prevent food oxidation and browning.
Accountability for climate change: a research synthesis through the lenses of the integrated thinking approach

The increasing responsibility of organisations towards society and the environment has inverted the relationship between accounting and accountability, leading to accountability-based accounting systems. This study aims to explore the debate on accountability for climate change within the integrating thinking (IT) perspective. Ascertaining the most significant trends in the debate around purposes and performance that characterise climate mitigation engagement and their connections, the study would explore if and to what extent organisations are tackling climate actions. ,A narrative review of the extensive academic literature developed from the Kyoto Protocol to date was performed. After selecting a representative sample, papers were analysed with the support of a new analytical framework that involves three dimensions – answerability, enforcement and outcome – and governance schemes that emerge from the involvement of the private and public sector and civil society. With the support of NVivo software, themes arisen were analysed and coded. Key items were labelled, creating specific nodes and synthesised into the proposed framework. ,A “silo approach” largely characterises the debate on accountability for climate change. The most significant reasons behind the shortcomings of extant climate actions may be retrieved firstly in the weakness of the motivations that guide organisations to operate in a climate-friendly way. ,This study underlines the need for a 360° integrated approach for strategically tackling climate actions. ,This study would represent a further step towards an integrated approach for studying organisations behaviours in the “climate war”, embracing the connectivity between purposes and outcomes, capitals and the relationships amongst the various stakeholders.
A geoarchaeological study of the construction of the Laona tumulus at Palaepaphos, Cyprus

The tumulus of Palaepaphos‐Laona is a monumental earthwork. Its size makes it unique in the landscape of ancient Cyprus, where even smaller burial mounds are extremely rare. It is characterized by a composite s616sequence and a wide range of carefully arranged construction materials. To reconstruct the building process, we employed a geoarchaeological approach, including a high‐resolution microstratigraphic analysis. The study reveals a careful selection of construction materials and variability in the construction methods, reflecting a long tradition of building skills and empirical knowledge regarding the materials' engineering properties. It is evident that the tumulus of Laona was not a product of earth accumulation but an accomplished architectural structure. Several building stages were recorded, which along with repairs and intervals of exposure of the sediments, they represent temporal cycles of different nature and magnitude. As the height of the structure gradually increased, the tumulus became an imposing physical mark that gave the landscape a new meaning. Nevertheless, the memory of the ancestral testimony it was meant to convey to future generations was lost.
Climate Impacts of COVID‐19 Induced Emission Changes

The COVID‐19 pandemic led to dramatic changes in economic activity in 2020. We use estimates of emission changes for 2020 in two Earth System Models (ESMs) to simulate the impacts of the COVID‐19 economic changes. Ensembles of nudged simulations are used to separate small signals from meteorological variability. Reductions in aerosol and precursor emissions, chiefly black carbon and sulfate (SO4), led to reductions in total anthropogenic aerosol cooling through aerosol‐cloud interactions. The average overall Effective Radiative Forcing (ERF) peaks at +0.29 ± 0.15 Wm−2 in spring 2020. Changes in cloud properties are smaller than observed changes during 2020. Impacts of these changes on regional land surface temperature range up to +0.3 K. The peak impact of these aerosol changes on global surface temperature is very small (+0.03 K). However, the aerosol changes are the largest contribution to radiative forcing and temperature changes as a result of COVID‐19 affected emissions, larger than ozone, CO2 and contrail effects.
Developing students’ scientific literacy through an e-portfolio project at a community college gateway science course

ABSTRACT Gateway science courses are an ongoing obstacle to recruitment into STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields, in part due to the large gains in vocabulary that are fundamental to scientific literacy. Students also struggle to achieve the technological literacy necessary for a STEM career. We implemented an ePortfolio-based project in 12 sections of General Biology I (n = 164) at an urban community college. This project was designed to aid students at integrating general biology vocabulary around a central topic – an organism of their choice – while also increasing their facility in using ePortfolio. We assessed the effectiveness of the project using a set of 17 survey questions, 12 of which were also delivered to control sections. Students responded positively to the project, and the project was effective at increasing scientific literacy and understanding of the technological platform. However, the project did not help students make gains in technological literacy. This project demonstrates that integrating general course-specific vocabulary around a central topic may be useful in helping students succeed in gateway STEM courses.
Resilience or Catastrophe? A possible state change for monarch butterflies in the West

In the western United States, the population of migratory monarch butterflies is on the brink of collapse, having dropped from several million butterflies at coastal overwintering sites in the 1980’s to about 2000 butterflies in the winter of 2020-21. At the same time, a resident (non-migratory) monarch butterfly population in urban gardens seems to be expanding northward. If anything, this urban population has been growing in recent years. We explore the meaning of these changes. The new resident population is not sufficient to make up for the loss of the migratory population; there are still orders of magnitude fewer butterflies now than in the recent past. The resident population also probably lacks the demographic capacity to expand its range inland during summer months, due to higher levels of infection by a protozoan parasite, and subsequently lower survival and fecundity. Nonetheless, the resident population may have the capacity to persist. This sudden change emphasizes the extent to which environmental change can have unexpected consequences. It also demonstrates how quickly these changes can happen. We hope it will provoke discussion about how we define resilience and viability in changing environments.
Combined Use of Surface Texturing, Plasma Nitriding and DLC Coating on Tool Steel

In cold rolling, a textured roll can be used to imprint a desired surface topography onto the sheet during rolling. This work proposes the use of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings to protect the surface topography of the rolls in replacement of the carcinogenic hard chrome. For that, hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) was deposited on plasma nitrided tool steel, both for ground and textured specimens. Changes in surface topography due to DLC coating were assessed using a confocal microscope. Coating adhesion was evaluated using the method VDI 3198. The specimens were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), microhardness test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The coating was characterized using Raman spectroscopy (RS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed a soft multilayer coating consisting of a plasma nitrided layer for load support, a Si-rich interlayer to improve adhesion and an a-C:H top layer. DLC deposition reduced the roughness of the textured specimens. The coating resulted in relatively stable friction and good durability, with small damage and negligible wear even under dry sliding.
A Triple-Cascode X-Band LNA Design with Modified Post-Distortion Network

This work proposes a novel linearized low noise amplifier (LNA) for X-band applications with flat power gain, low noise performance and enhanced linearity. In this study, a triple-cascode topology with dual-resonant network is utilized and a modified post-distortion network is introduced to improve the linearity. The LNA utilizes a subthreshold auxiliary NMOS transistor to reduce the nonlinearity with low power consumption. In addition, a methodology is proposed to predict the characteristic of the linearity performance of the proposed LNA with modified post-distortion network. With a small increase of 1 mW in power consumption due to the inclusion of the post-distortion network, the input intercept point IIP3 is improved and lies in the range of −3 to +8 dBm over the frequency range from 8 to 12 GHz. Implemented in Global Foundries 130 nm CMOS process, the LNA achieves a peak gain of 18 dB, and a 1.3 dB minimum NF over 8 to 12 GHz. The proposed LNA requires an area of 1.2 mm2 and a power of 18 mW.
Developing a Risk Model for Assessment and Control of the Spread of COVID-19

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread rapidly all over the world challenging nearly all governments. The exact nature of COVID-19’s spread and risk factors for such a rapid spread are still imprecise as available data depend on confirmed cases only. This may result in an asymmetrically distributed burden among countries. There is an urgent need for developing a new technique or model to identify and analyze risk factors affecting such a spread. Fuzzy logic appears to be suitable for dealing with multi-risk groups with undefined data. The main purpose of this research was to develop a risk analysis model for COVID-19’s spread evaluation. Other objectives included identifying such risk factors aiming to find out reasons for such a fast spread. Nine risk groups were identified and 46 risk factors were categorized under these groups. The methodology in this study depended on identifying each risk factor by its probability of occurrence and its impact on viruses spreading. Many logical rules were used to support the proposed risk analysis model and represented the relation between probabilities and impacts as well as to connect other risk factors. The model was verified and applied in Saudi Arabia with further probable use in similar conditions. Based on the model results, it was found that (daily activities) and (home isolation) are considered groups with highest risk. On the other hand, many risk factors were categorized with high severity such as (poor social distance), (crowdedness) and (poor personal hygiene practices). It was demonstrated that the impact of COVID-19’s spread was found with a positive correlation with the risk factors’ impact, while there was no association between probability of occurrence and impact of the risk factors on COVID-19’s spread. Saudi Arabia’s quick actions have greatly reduced the impact of the risks affecting COVID-19’s spread. Finally, the new model can be applied easily in most countries to help decision makers in evaluating and controlling COVID-19’s spread.
Delegation and stewardship in international organizations

ABSTRACT International organizations (IOs) are driven by political-administrative interactions between member states and IO administrations. To model these interactions and understand their outcomes, scholars have predominantly, and almost exclusively, relied on agency theory. Yet, as this paper argues, delegation can also take a form of stewardship, where goal conflict and information asymmetries are low. In stewardship relationships, member states trust the IO administration, which enables softer, more informal exercise of control. Both agency and stewardship relationships are illustrated in a comparative case study of FAO and WFP. As interview data and document analysis show, while FAO exhibits agency, WFP provides an example for stewardship. The findings imply that conventional Principal-Agent assumptions should not be taken as given. Not all IO administrations are self-serving agents. The findings also provide implications on IO control and performance and call for scholarship to redirect its focus on de facto rather than de jure IO characteristics.
The different outcomes between breast-conserving surgery plus radiotherapy and mastectomy in metaplastic breast cancer: A population-based study

Background Metaplastic breast cancer (MBC) are rare. The survival outcomes of MBC patients after breast conserving surgery plus radiotherapy (BCS+RT) or mastectomy have not been established. The study aimed to compare survival outcomes of MBC patients subjected to BCS+RT or mastectomy therapeutic options. Methods Patients who were subjected to BCS+RT or mastectomy between 2004 and 2014 were enrolled in this study through the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and the overall survival (OS) of the participants were determined. Cox proportional hazard model and the Kaplan Meier method were used to determine the correlation between the two surgical methods and survival outcomes. Results A total of 1197 patients were enrolled in this study. Among them, 439 patients were subjected to BCS+RT, while 758 patients were subjected to mastectomy. After propensity score matching (PSM), the BCS+RT and mastectomy groups consisted of 321 patients, respectively. The univariate and multivariate analysis with a 6-month landmark all indicate that patients receiving BCS+RT has higher OS than patients receiving mastectomy (HR = 0.701,95% CI = 0.496–0.990, P = 0.044; HR = 0.684,95% CI = 0.479–0.977, P = 0.037) while the BCSS was no difference between the two groups (HR = 0.739,95% CI = 0.474–1.153, P = 0.183; HR = 0.741,95% CI = 0.468–1.173, P = 0.200). Conclusion The BCS+RT therapeutic option exhibits a higher OS in MBC patients compared to the mastectomy approach.