Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Age on Acute Appetite-Related Responses to Whey-Protein Drinks, Including Energy Intake, Gastric Emptying, Blood Glucose, and Plasma Gut Hormone Concentrations—A Randomized Controlled Trial

Protein-rich supplements are used commonly to increase energy intake in undernourished older people. This study aimed to establish age effects on energy intake, appetite, gastric emptying, blood glucose, and gut hormones in response to protein-rich drinks. In a randomized double-blind, order, 13 older men (age: 75 ± 2 yrs, body mass index (BMI): 26 ± 1 kg/m2) and 13 younger (23 ± 1 yrs, 24 ± 1 kg/m2) men consumed (i) a control drink (~2 kcal) or drinks (450 mL) containing protein/fat/carbohydrate: (ii) 70 g/0 g/0 g (280 kcal/‘P280′), (iii) 14 g/12.4 g/28 g (280 kcal/‘M280′), (iv) 70 g/12.4 g/28 g (504 kcal/‘M504′), on four separate days. Appetite (visual analog scales), gastric emptying (3D ultrasonography), blood glucose, plasma insulin, ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations (0–180 min), and ad-libitum energy intake (180–210 min) were determined. Older men, compared to younger men, had higher fasting glucose and CCK concentrations and lower fasting GLP-1 concentrations (all p < 0.05). Energy intake by P280 compared to control was less suppressed in older men (increase: 49 ± 42 kcal) than it was in younger men (suppression: 100 ± 54 kcal, p = 0.038). After the caloric drinks, the suppression of hunger and the desire to eat, and the stimulation of fullness was less (p < 0.05), and the stimulation of plasma GLP-1 was higher (p < 0.05) in older men compared to younger men. Gastric emptying, glucose, insulin, ghrelin, and CCK responses were similar between age groups. In conclusion, ageing reduces the responses of caloric drinks on hunger, the desire to eat, fullness, and energy intake, and protein-rich nutrition supplements may be an effective strategy to increase energy intake in undernourished older people.
The Health Equity Through Aging Research And Discussion (HEARD) Study: A Proposed Two-Phase Sequential Mixed-Methods Research Design To Understand Barriers And Facilitators Of Brain Donation Among Diverse Older Adults

ABSTRACT Brain donation in studies on aging remains a critical pathway to discovering and improving preventive measures and treatments for Alzheimer’s dementia and related disorders. Brain donation for research is almost exclusively obtained from non-Latinx Whites of higher socioeconomic status in the United States. Despite persistent efforts, it has been difficult to obtain consent for brain donation among diverse participants. Hence, our understanding of Alzheimer’s dementia and related disorders remains incomplete. The purpose of this methodological paper was to propose and outline a two-phase sequential mixed-methods research study design to identify barriers and facilitators of brain donation among diverse older adults. The first phase will consist of qualitative focus groups using a three (participant minority status: African American, Latinx, or White of lower income) by two (participant brain donation decision: consented or declined) design. The second phase will include statistical analyses of quantitative measures of existing data representing categories of variables that may be associated with decision making regarding brain donation. Next steps must include conducting qualitative focus groups and subsequent data analyses, resulting in overarching themes. Afterward, qualitative themes will be operationalized using quantitative variables for statistical analyses. This proposed study design can provide the foundation for developing and implementing effective and culturally competent survey instruments, educational tools, and intervention strategies in an effort to facilitate brain donation among diverse older adults
Knowledge on practice of urinary catheter care and compliance to urinary catheter care guidelines- A hospital based study

Background: Catheter associated urinary tract infections are the leading cause of secondary health care-associated bacteremia. An infection that involves any of the organs or structures of urinary tract infection including the kidneys, urethra, bladder and ureter is called as urinary tract infection. About 75% of urinary tract infections acquired in the hospital are because of the urinary catheters. Prolonged use of indwelling urinary catheter is one of the main risk of catheter associated urinary tract infection. Objective: To assess the knowledge on practice of urinary catheter care and compliance to urinary catheter care guidelines by the staff nurses. Materials and Method: Quantitative approach with descriptive survey design was used for the study. Staff nurses available during data collection and willing to participate were included. Purposive sampling technique was used to recruit the participants to assess the knowledge. By concealed observation practices of urinary catheter care were made to assess the compliance. Results:Majority 89(82.4%) of the participants had average knowledge, 18(16.7%) had good knowledge on prevention of catheter associated urinary tract infections. There was maximum noncompliance to the procedural steps while performing urine specimen collection, removal of urinary catheter and maintenance of urinary catheter. Conclusion:Nurses have to be aware of hospital policies and CDC guidelines in carrying out procedures like urinary catheter insertion, collection of urine specimens and maintenance of indwelling urinary catheter. Compliance of staff nurses is vital in reducing and preventing the occurrence of health care associated infection.
Hybrid dysgenesis determinants in a natural Drosophila population from Altai

Localization of mobile elements P and hobo in the genomes of isofemale Drosophila lines obtained from a natural population from Biisk (Altai) was analyzed by in situ hybridization. The average copy number per genome was 27.1 for P and 22.0 for hobo. The highest number of P and hobo copies was recorded in the 3R and 21 chromosomes, respectively. The X chromosome contained the lowest number of hobo copies. For P, this relationship was not shown. Both transposons had preferential localization sites, or {open_quotes}hot spots,{close_quotes} which partly coincided with intercalary heterochromatin regions. Correlation analysis of P and hobo copy number showed independent distribution of these hybrid dysgenesis determinants. The 1A site, which is thought to be associated with the P cytotype expression, was not labelled in any line. 40 refs., 1 fig., 5 tabs.
The Health of Disability Insurance Enrollees: An International Comparison

Rising costs of disability insurance (DI) programs are putting increased strain on central government budgets, yet little is known about how well countries target those in the poorest health. In this paper, we use the SHARE and HRS surveys to measure the average health of people aged 50-64 receiving DI, and the effectiveness of the DI safety net in covering those in poor health. The U.S. and Denmark appear successful at targeting benefits, with France and Belgium less so. These measures can also be used over time to evaluate country-level policy changes.
Pathogenesis of COVID-19 from a cell biologic perspective

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major health concern and can be devastating, especially for the elderly. COVID-19 is the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Although much is known about the mortality of the clinical disease, much less is known about its pathobiology. Although details of the cellular responses to this virus are not known, a probable course of events can be postulated based on past studies with SARS-CoV. A cellular biology perspective is useful for framing research questions and explaining the clinical course by focusing on the areas of the respiratory tract that are involved. Based on the cells that are likely infected, COVID-19 can be divided into three phases that correspond to different clinical stages of the disease [1]. COVID-19 can be understood by the region of the lung that is infected. Mild disease will be confined to the conducting airways and severe disease will involve the gas exchange portion of the lung. https://bit.ly/2vGndRQ
Interstate Water Pollution Problems and Elusive Federal Water Pollution Policy in the United States, 1900-1948

Paavola, Jouni. “Interstate Water Pollution Problems and Elusive Federal Water Pollution Policy in the United States, 1900–1948. ” Environment and History 12, no. 4 (Nov., 2006): 435–65. doi:10.3197/096734006779093659 . This article examines water pollution and its control in the United States from the turn of the twentieth century until after the Second World War, a period during which water pollution became an interstate problem. State water pollution control policies existed at the time. However, states were unwilling to control the pollution of state waters because of the threat of industrial flight, and the pollution of interstate waters because it would have mainly benefited downstream states. The states first sought to resolve their conflicts over the pollution of interstate waters by litigating in the Supreme Court of the United States, but it was not well-suited for managing the quality of interstate waters. Many organisations also lobbied for federal water pollution control legislation but the federal government only endorsed the use of interstate compacts to manage water quality in interstate waters. However, they were largely ineffective and did not address the threat of industrial flight which was an obstacle for water pollution control in state waters. Federal funding of water pollution control measures during the New Deal had more lasting impacts and became an element of federal water pollution legislation when it was finally enacted after the Second World War. All rights reserved. © 2006 The White Horse Press
Antibody response to lipopolysaccharides and recombinant proteins of Shiga toxin (STX)‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in children with haemolytic uraemic syndrome in Poland

Typical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (STEC‐HUS), caused by Shiga toxin (Stx)‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC), is a serious, life‐threating disease that mainly affects children. Bacteriological and genetic tests are commonly used in the routine laboratory diagnosis of STEC‐HUS; however, serological methods have emerged as useful and reliable diagnostic tools, especially when bacterial isolation fails. In this study, we present the results of the serological investigation of 72 paediatric patients suspected for HUS, hospitalized during 2011–2019 at the Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology of Children’s Hospitals in Poland. During the routine laboratory investigation STEC strains were isolated only from nine stool samples. However, serological investigations confirmed 45 cases of STEC infections in children with HUS. In this study, 22 (48·9%) paediatric patients were infected by E. coli serotype O26, 11 (24·4%) by serotype O145, 9 (20·0%) by serotype O157, and 3 (6·7%) by E. coli serotype O111. In the majority of these patients, in addition to a high level of IgA, IgG and IgM antibodies to lipopolysaccharide of particular E. coli serotypes, antibodies to recombinant proteins Tir, Stx2b and intimin were detected. Our results confirm that serological tests are useful in the diagnosis of STEC‐HUS.
Nitric Oxide Products are not Associated with Metabolic Syndrome

Summary Background Nitric oxide (NO) is oxidative stress biomarker which is regarded as one of the key determinants of energy metabolism and vascular tone. Considering the controversial reports on the association between nitric oxide products (NOx) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), the aim of the current study was to examine that potential relationship. Additionally, we aimed to evaluate a broad spectrum of other oxidative stress biomarkers [i.e., malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), xanthine oxidoreductase (XOD), xanthine oxidase (XO) xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH)] in relation with MetS. Methods A total of 109 volunteers (46.8% of them with MetS) were included in this cross-sectional study. Biohemical and anthropometric parameters, as well as blood pressure, were obtained. The MetS was diagnosed according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that XOD (OR=1.011; 95% CI 1.002–1.019; p=0.016), XO (OR=1.014; 95% CI 1.003–1.026; p=0.016), MDA (OR=1.113; 95% CI 1.038–1.192; p=0.003) and AOPP (OR=1.022; 95% CI 1.005–1.039; p=0.012) were the independent predictors of MetS, whereas no association between NOx and MetS was found. As XOD rose for 1 U/L, XO for 1 U/L, MDA for 1 μmol/L and AOPP for 1 T/L, probability for MetS rose for 1.1%, 1.4%, 11.3% and 2.2%, respectively. Adjusted R2 for the Model was 0.531, which means that 53.1% of variation in MetS could be explained with this Model. Conclusion Unlike XOD, MDA and AOPP, NOx is not associated with MetS.
The Effects of Photoperiod on Diapause Induction in Hypena opulenta (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), a Biological Control Agent Against Invasive Swallow-Worts in North America

Abstract Many insects exhibit a short-day diapause response, whereby diapause is induced when daylength falls below a critical threshold. This response is an adaptation to ensure synchrony between periods of insect activity, and the availability of resources, but it can cause problems when organisms are moved to new locations, where early or late-induced diapause can prove a barrier to establishment. We explored the role of photoperiod in diapause induction in Hypena opulenta, a recently introduced classical biological control agent for invasive swallow-worts in North America. We conducted four experimental cage releases as well as a growth chamber experiment to determine the threshold photoperiod for diapause induction in H. opulenta. We determined that the critical photoperiod for inducing diapause in 50% of H. opulenta is 15 h 35 min, which the moth only experiences in the Ottawa release site around summer solstice.This may lead to univoltinism, premature diapause, and poor establishment at some North American release sites. Our results can inform practical aspects of the biological control program for H. opulenta, such as fine-tuning methodologies for stockpiling diapausing pupae in the laboratory and narrowing down the optimal time window for releases at a given location. Additionally, our results will be important for the development of a temperature-based phenology model to more accurately predict voltinism in H. opulenta across the invasive range of swallow-worts in North America.
Somitogenesis and fibronectin: united by tension?

6 Introduction . 7 Materials and Methods . 15 Embryo Development . 15 Experimentation . 15 Explant cultures . 15 In Situ Hybridization . 16 Immunolabelling . 17 Image Acquisition and Treatment . 19 Stereoscope Microscopy . 19 Confocal Microscopy . 19 Results . 20 Expression pattern of fn1 and itga5, key genes involved in FN matrix assembly . 20 FN matrix assembly and development . 24 Culturing with RockOut, a cellular tension-reducing drug . 26 Effects of loss of tension in somite formation, maturation, and matrix assembly . 26 Effects of loss of tension on gene expression during somitogenesis . 33 Discussion . 41 The Development of Matrix Assembly . 41 The complicated relationship between tension and matrix . 43 Does tension affect patterning? 44 Bibliography . 46
Food Data Integration by using Heuristics based on Lexical and Semantic Similarities

With the rapidly growing food supply in the last decade, vast amounts of food-related data have been collected. To make this data inter-operable and equipped for analyses involving studying relations between food, as one of the main environmental and health outcomes, data coming from various data sources needs to be normalized. Food data can have varying sources and formats (food composition, food consumption, recipe data), yet the most familiar type is food product data, often misinterpreted due to marketing strategies of different producers and retailers. Several recent studies have addressed the problem of heterogeneous data by matching food products using lexical similarity between their English names. In this study, we address this problem, while considering a non-English, low researched language in terms of natural language processing, i.e. Slovenian. To match food products, we use our previously developed heuristic based on lexical similarity and propose two new semantic similarity heuristics based on word embeddings. The proposed heuristics are evaluated using a dataset with 438 ground truth pairs of food products, obtained by matching their EAN barcodes. Preliminary results show that the lexical similarity heuristic provides more promising results (75% accuracy), while the best semantic similarity model yields an accuracy of 62%.
Health related quality of life of adult patients on tenofovir versus zidovudine based regimens at Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya

XVII CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Back Ground. 1 1.2 Problem Statement . 2 1.3 Objectives . 3 1.3. 1 Main Objective . 3 1.3. 2 Specific Objectives . 3 1.4 Research Questions . 3 1.5 Study Hypothesis . 4 1.6 Justification . 4 1.7 Significance of the study . 5 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 6 2.1 General overview of HIV/AIDS and ART uptake globally and in Kenya . 6 2.2 Current ART treatment guidelines for adults and adolescents in Kenya . 6 2.3 Side effects associated with antiretroviral therapy . 8
E-healthy diet literacy scale and its relationship with behaviors and health outcomes in Taiwan.

The study was to develop the e-healthy diet literacy (e-HDL) questionnaire based on the comprehensive health literacy (HL) conceptual framework, to examine the association among HL, e-HDL, health behaviors and outcomes. A nationwide study was conducted on 1342 adults aged 18 years and above, between April and September 2017. Multi-stage random sampling was used to recruit the participants from four regions and 19 cities and counties in Taiwan. HL and e-HDL were measured by HLS-SF12 and the e-healthy diet literacy questionnaire (e-HDLQ), respectively. Socio-demographics, behaviors (e.g. smoking, drinking and exercising) and health outcomes were also measured. Principal component analysis (PCA), linear regression models and logistic regression models were used. The mean age was 33.9 ± 11.4 years. The e-HDLQ was constructed with 11 items. A positive association between HL and e-HDL was found. In the multivariate analysis, HL and e-HDL were significantly lower in men and higher in those who used Facebook for searching information. HL was positively associated with the ability to pay for medication, and social status. The e-HDL was lower in older participants, and people who searched for healthy cooking, healthy food places or weight control, as compared with ones searched for nutritional therapies, while positively associated with education. Both HL and e-HDL were positively associated with health status and physical activities. In conclusion, the valid e-HDL survey tool was developed for general public use. The e-HDL strongly associated with HL, while both were determined by gender, online searching means and linked to health behaviors and outcomes.
A Simple Lab Exercise Demonstrating Koch's Postulates.

Virtually every textbook of microbiology and pathology includes a discussion of Koch's Postulates, a set of demonstrative criteria for the identification of a pathogen as the causal agent for a particular disease. The laboratory exercise discussed be low has enabled my students to apply this principle to a real and important plant disease. It also develops several microbiological techniques, yet re quires only very basic lab equipment.
Alternate schemes for combining leaf rust resistance genes through molecular marker

The molecular marker for Lr9, Lr19 and Lr24 were validated in the parents and segregating F2 populations derived from the cross between PBW343 and the donors of leaf rust resistance genes Lr9 (HP1633), Lr19 (TcLr19) and Lr24 (HP1776). The markers for Lr9, Lr19 and Lr24 were able to discriminate the lines with specific genes from the lines that did not carry these genes. Further, molecular markers and the resistance genes co-segregated. Three different breeding schemes were followed to develop lines containing combination of Lr9+Lr19+Lr24. Frequency of high yielding lines in the three selection schemes ranged from 10 to 20%. Genetic stocks with combined resistance genes Lr9+Lr19+ Lr24+Lr26+Sr24+Sr25+Sr31+Yr9+Yr27 were developed in the background of PBW343.
THE EFFECTS OF SPATIAL CONFIGURATION OF POPULATIONS ON THE MAINTENANCE OF THE SEXES IN A CLONAL ORGANISM

OF DISSERTATION THE EFFECTS OF SPATIAL CONFIGURATION OF POPULATIONS ON THE MAINTENANCE OF THE SEXES IN A CLONAL ORGANISM Despite the two-fold advantage to asexual reproduction and its prevalence in a variety of organisms, sexual reproduction is prevalent across all taxa. The maintenance of two sexes is required to ensure genetic diversity and to prevent “evolutionary dead ends,” especially in clonal organisms. Many mechanisms have been proposed for the maintenance of two sexes, ranging from environmental variation and stochasticity, parasites and predators, and mutation rates. Spatial configuration, the size and location of populations with respect to other populations, can allow two competitors to coexist when one would normally be lost. This is especially important when the two competitors are the two sexes. In the clonal organism Marchantia inflexa, I determined that spatial configuration of populations can directly influence the maintenance of both sexes in a population and in an aggregate of populations (a metapopulation) using a combination of theoretical models and field studies. Based on field studies, population size has a significant influence on whether a subpopulation will contain both sexes, with populations smaller than 1m being more likely to contain only one sex while populations greater than 1m are more likely to contain both sexes. Based on mathematical models, the spatial arrangement of subpopulations within a metapopulation can greatly influence whether a metapopulation maintains both sexes as well as whether the metapopulation persists once one sex has been lost. Field data suggest that distance to nearest neighbor, a measurement of spatial arrangement, influences the maintenance of the sexes within subpopulations, but could affect maintenance differently depending on the metapopulation identity. In some metapopulations, both sexes are maintained when the nearest neighbor is close, while in other streams, one sex is lost when the nearest neighbor is close. When mathematical models are used to explicitly simulate natural metapopulations, the mathematical model predicts the observed sex ratios in one metapopulation, predicts the observed bias in another metapopulation, and fails to predicted observed values in two other metapopulations. Understanding spatial configuration helps us understand the maintenance and loss of sex, but other factors, such as environmental differences, may be required to accurately predict which sex will be lost.