Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of fate in schema change: Fate attributions mediate the effect of vastness on cognitive accommodation

Introduction Cognitive accommodation (CA; スキーマ変更) occurs when the structure of one’s worldview changes in response to something that contradicts or confounds existing schemata (Piaget & Inhelder, 1966). Recently, CA has been investigated in the context of awe (畏敬・畏怖の念), the emotional response to things that are too vast (壮大) to assimilate into existing schema. In awe, vastness induces a perception that CA is necessary, which may then result in CA (Keltner & Haidt, 2003). Research has indicated that in the context of awe, the effect of vastness on CA is fully mediated by causal attributions to fate (運命; Taylor & Uchida, 2018). The concept of “fate” proposes that events are “meant to be”, i.e., predetermined by a purposeful, nonmaterial force beyond human control, typically to achieve a meaningful superordinate goal (Banerjee & Bloom, 2014). Attributing an event to fate leads it to be interpreted as an inevitable part of a larger pattern, thus giving meaning to inexplicable events (e.g., coincidences) (Kray et al., 2010), which may facilitate changes to relevant schemata (CA). While evidence has indicated that fate mediates the effect of vastness on CA, this relationship has not been tested outside the context of awe. The goals of this study were to a) examine if vastness predicts CA outside the context of awe and b) to test if fate mediates this relationship.
EnMAP: hyperspectral Imager (HSI) for Earth observation: current status

The Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) is a German space borne science mission that aims at characterizing the Earth’s environment on a global scale. The single payload of the satellite is the Hyperspectral Imager (HSI). It is capable of measuring the solar radiance reflected from the Earth’s surface as a continuous spectrum in the spectral range of 420nm to 2450nm, with a spectral sampling of 6.5nm (VNIR) and 10nm (SWIR). The EnMAP swath of 30km is sampled in spatial direction with 30m GSD. In this proceeding, we give an overview of the design and current integration status of the HSI instrument optical unit with additional focus on measured optical and electro-optical performance.
Practitioner’s Digest

The #MeToo movement has highlighted the widespread problem of men’s sexual harassment of women. Women are typically reluctant to make a sexual-harassment complaint and often encounter victim-blaming attitudes when they do, especially from men. Informed by the social identity perspective, two experiments examined the influence of empathy—both for women who are sexually harassed and for male harassers—on men’s and women’s propensity to blame victims. In Study 1, university students (N = 97) responded to a vignette describing a male student’s harassment of a female student. Men blamed the victim more than women, which was explained by their greater empathy for the male perpetrator but not lesser empathy for the female victim. Using the same vignette, Study 2 asked university students (N = 135) to take either the male perpetrator’s or the female victim’s perspective. Regardless of participant gender, participants who took the male-perpetrator’s perspective versus the female-victim’s perspective reported greater victim blame, and this was explained by their greater empathy for the male perpetrator and lesser empathy for the female victim. Together, the findings provide evidence to suggest that male-perpetrator empathy may be equally or more important than female-victim empathy for explaining victim blame for sexual harassment. Implications for social change, including policies to limit the effects of male-perpetrator empathy when responding to sexual-harassment complaints are discussed. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub. com/doi/suppl/10.1177/0361684319868730
Experiencing User Operation Beyond the First Metaphorical Impression

In this study we are concerned with user operation in product design and try to explore its metaphorical expressions followed by applying it to design education. First of all, we review three types of user operation to expound their indexical associations with the user’s first visual impression. Then, we conducted a design course for master’s students. These students were guided to complete creative lamp design concepts. They illustrated how special and interesting ideas can come out of a focus on expressions of user operation. After the initial analysis, we found that it’s not easy for students to create reasonable ideas under the common context of user operation. Furthermore, we took Grounded Theory as the research method and then conducted in-depth interviews with sound recordings to investigate professional opinions and suggestions on user experience of operating these design works. We chose six students’ lamp designs as the stimuli and recruited three Taiwanese senior design practitioners with at least six years of professional experience. Each design expert was guided to express their ideas regarding applying these design skills to go beyond the first metaphorical expression. The oral comments during the interviews were transcribed into text files and were analysed by the qualitative data analysis software. Finally, we found out five typical factors of metaphorical user operation detection, safety, ritualization, intuitive, and effect after operation.
DETERMINING THE ROLE OF MICRO-LEVEL STRATEGIES IN DEVELOPING STUDENT TEACHERS’ COMPETENCE FOR EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY USE

Teacher training is in a key role to prepare student teachers to use ICT (Information and Communication Technology) and to create a technological supportive learning culture. Teaching practices offer an opportunity to strengthen the competence to use technology in learning. The theoretical framework of this study is based on the SQD-model (Synthesis of Qualitative Evidence) focusing on six micro-level strategies: role models, reflection, instructional design, collaboration, authentic experiences and feedback. The study was conducted with 26 student teachers in their first teaching practice period in Finnish teacher education in Kokkola and their five teacher tutors. The purpose of this paper is to present the quantitative findings relating to student teachers’ and teacher tutors’ perceptions of the importance of the micro-level strategies during the teaching practice. Data was collected during 2018 by Likert-scale questionnaire. The results indicate that there were differences in student teachers’ and teacher tutors’ opinions towards the appearance of the strategies. Mostly, teacher tutors’ perceptions were more positive than those of students. The study argues that these strategies play a major role to student teachers’ development in using technology supported learning. Also, there is a need for further development of teacher training related to pedagogical technology adaption in teaching practices.
Assessment of Muscles Fatigue during 400-Meters Running Strategies Based on the Surface EMG Signals

The aim of this research work is to assess the muscles fatigue of the male runner during 400 meters (m) running with three types of running strategies. The Electromyography (EMG) signals from the Rectus Femoris (RF), Biceps Femoris (BF), Gluteus Maximus (GM), Gastrocnemius Lateralis (GL), and Gastrocnemius Medialis (GMS) were collected by using bipolar electrodes from the right lower extremity’s muscles. EMG signals were collected during the run on the tartan athletic track. Five subjects (non-athletes) had run 400m with three various types of running strategies. The first type: the first 200m running 85-93% of full speed and the last 200m sprinting (full speed), second type: the first 300m running 85-93% of sprinting and the last 100m sprinting, and third type: running 85-93% of sprinting for 400m. The EMG signals were transformed to the time-frequency domain using Short Time Fourier Transform to calculate the instantaneous mean frequency (IMNF) and instantaneous median frequency (IMDF). The less index fatigues were during 1st strategy, while the RF, BF, GM, and GL muscles got recovered with IMNF and IMDF with the three strategies, and the GMS muscle has less negative regression slope value with IMNF with 1st strategy during the 4th 100m of the 400m running event. From the results, it can be concluded the running with the 1st strategy get less fatigues compared with the 2nd and 3rd strategy based on the results of time-frequency domain features (IMNF and IMDF).
A Hardware Implementation of SNN-Based Spatio-Temporal Memory Model

Simulating human brain with hardware has been an attractive project for many years, since memory is one of the fundamental functions of our brains. Several memory models have been proposed up to now in order to unveil how the memory is organized in the brain. In this paper, we adopt spatio-temporal memory (STM) model, in which both associative memory and episodic memory are analyzed and emulated, as the reference of our hardware network architecture. Furthermore, some reasonable adaptations are carried out for the hardware implementation. We finally implement this memory model on FPGA, and additional experiments are performed to fine tune the parameters of our network deployed on FPGA.
Cloud Edge Properties Measured by the ARM Shortwave Spectrometer Over Ocean and Land

We use the spectrally invariant method to study the variability of cloud optical thickness (τ) and droplet effective radius (reff) in transition zones between the cloudy and clear‐sky columns observed by Shortwave Array Spectroradiometer‐Zenith at the Southern Great Plains Central Facility site (SGP C1) and during the Marine ARM GPCI Investigation of Clouds (MAGIC) field campaign. The spectrally invariant method approximates the spectra in the transition zone as a linear combination of definitely clear and definitely cloudy spectra. The slope and intercept of the linear relations characterize τ and reff in the transition region, respectively. The radiative transfer model simulations show that that (i) the slope of the visible band is positively correlated with τ, while (ii) the intercept of the near‐infrared band has a high negative correlation with reff. We have analyzed 22 cloud edge cases from the SGP and MAGIC and found that from cloud to clear in the transitions, (a) the slopes of the visible band decrease, indicating the decrease of τ toward cloud edges, and (b) the intercepts of the near‐infrared band show a much more significant increase at the SGP than from the MAGIC. The results from observed cases suggest that while τ decreases for all cases, the decrease in reff is much more significant for cloud over land at the SGP site compared to the ocean counterpart during the MAGIC campaign.
The Continuance Use of Social Network Sites for Political Participation: Evidences from Arab Countries

ABSTRACT This research is aimed toward an exploration of the use of social networking sites (SNSs) as a technology platform on which to facilitate political participation and its role in the expression of political views in Arab countries. It is vitally important to study this use of SNSs because they triggered the Arab Spring, which brought down regimes and sparked protests while some other governments were forced to carry out reform. Moreover, factors affecting the continuance use toward SNSs for political participation have not been fully explored. Drawing from the social capital theory and the uses and gratification (U&G) theory, this study examines the antecedents of continuance intention and the continuance use of SNSs for political participation. The results show that social interaction ties, trust, and U&G positively affect continuance intention toward use of SNSs for political participation. Further discussion, implications, and limitations are provided.
The Influence of Problem-Based Learning Approach on Students’ Perceptions and Attitudes toward the Mole Concept in Tamale College of Education

The Influence of Problem-Based Learning Approach on Students’ Perceptions and Attitudes toward the Mole Concept in Tamale College of Education Yaayin Boniface1 and Ayoberd Arthur Samuel2 1Department of Science Education, Tamale College of Education, P. O. Box 1 E/R, Tamale, Ghana. Tel: +233-208325794, Email: niberbon@yahoo.co.uk 2Department of Science Education, Tamale College of Education, P. O. Box 1 E/R, Tamale, Ghana. Tel: +233-240967775, Email: samuelayoberd@gmail.com 1Correspondence: niberbon@yahoo.co.uk Available Online: 30th June, 2018 URL: https://www.journals. adrri.org/ [Cite article as: Yaayin, B. and Ayoberd, A. S. (2018). The Influence of Problem-Based Learning Approach on Students’ Perceptions and Attitudes toward the Mole Concept in Tamale College of Education. Africa Development and Resources Research Institute Journal, Ghana: Vol. 27, No. 8(4), Pp. 18-37, E-ISSN: 2343-6662, 30th June, 2018. ] Abstract The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of problem-based learning (PBL) approach on students’ perceptions and attitudes toward the mole concept in Tamale College of Education. The study was quasi-experimental research which employed a non-randomised selection of the research participants who were already organized into intact or pre-existing classes at the time of the study. Out of a total population of 543 first year teacher trainees of the college, 88 were purposively selected for the study. Fourty-four of the trainees were in “A” class and constituted the control group where Traditional Lecture-Based (TLB) approach was applied. The remaining 44 trainees were in the “K” class (experimental group) where the Problem-Based Learning approach was used. The instrument used for the study was the Mole Concept Perception and Attitude Scale (MCPAS) with a reliability coefficient of 0.851. The data were analysed using percentage scores and t-test and presented using tables. The results of the study revealed that students’ perceptions and attitudes were positive toward the mole concept when the PBL approach was used in lesson delivery unlike the conventional TLB approach. The mean score of the experimental group using the PBL approach was significantly higher (69.4) than the mean score of the control group (54.7) using the TLB approach.
Performance of a shallow-water model for simulating flow over trapezoidal broad-crested weirs

Abstract Shallow-water models are standard for simulating flow in river systems during floods, including in the near-field of sudden changes in the topography, where vertical flow contraction occurs such as in case of channel overbanking, side spillways or levee overtopping. In the case of stagnant inundation and for frontal flow, the flow configurations are close to the flow over a broad-crested weir with the trapezoidal profile in the flow direction (i.e. inclined upstream and downstream slopes). In this study, results of shallow-water numerical modelling were compared with seven sets of previous experimental observations of flow over a frontal broad-crested weir, to assess the effect of vertical contraction and surface roughness on the accuracy of the computational results. Three different upstream slopes of the broad-crested weir (V:H = 1:Z1 = 1:1, 1:2, 1:3) and three roughness scenarios were tested. The results indicate that, for smooth surface, numerical simulations overestimate by about 2 to 5% the weir discharge coefficient. In case of a rough surface, the difference between computations and observations reach up to 10%, for high relative roughness. When taking into account mentioned the differences, the shallow-water model may be applied for a range of engineering purposes.
Overcoming Depression and Low Mood: A Five Areas Approach

Overcoming Depression and Low Mood: A Five Areas Approach explains how low mood can affect your life. It helps you understand why you sometimes feel low, anxious, angry, or guilty. It also teaches proven practical skills to help you change how you feel. By using the clearly described practical tools inside, you can make helpful changes to your life. Ultimately, the hope is that this book will help you to regain a sense of control over how you feel.
PERCEPTIONS OF PRE-SERVICE KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS REGARDING A CODING EXPERIENCE IN A COURSE ABOUT COMPUTATIONAL THINKING

Computational thinking (CT) is a problem-solving skill influenced by concepts fundamental to computer science [6]. CT is considered by many to be a new form of literacy to be incorporated in the K-12 curriculum. There are two important issues regarding the implementation of CT in education, namely, how should CT be applied from the pedagogical point of view, and what is the appropriate age to introduce CT into the curriculum. Umaschi-Bers [5] argues that CT should be acquired by "doing" i.e. coding, for the purpose of expressing oneself, as well as for understanding the basics of CT, and advocates introducing coding into kindergarten with suitable software in a playful and meaningful way ("playground not playpen"). However, convincing kindergarten teachers to integrate coding into their curriculum, could prove to be a challenge. This research deals with the perceptions of pre-service kindergarten teachers regarding a coding experience in a course about CT. The goal of the research was to gain an understanding of students' perceptions of the process that they experienced and the possibility of implementing coding into the curriculum of their future kindergartens as a result of this process. The premise of the instructor was that students would consider implementing coding as an activity in their future kindergarten, provided that they experienced it as part of their training in an enjoyable way. The software used for this purpose was ScratchJr. The students coded and created projects in five half-hour hands-on sessions which were followed by a written reflection submitted after each lesson. At the end of the semester, they were to submit a concluding reflection. These reflections were analyzed by combining quantitative and qualitative procedures for the purpose of performing Grounded Theory analysis [4]. The results indicate that a positive and enjoyable hands-on coding experience with software designed for small children, can improve the sense of technological efficacy of pre-service kindergarten teachers, unleash their creativity and could bring students to consider incorporating the application into their future kindergartens. However there was also a high number of students who enjoyed the learning process, but nevertheless were adamant about the inappropriateness of using the application in kindergarten for various reasons, i.e. the clash with developmental and social needs of the children, as well as time constraints of the kindergarten schedule that would limit the ability to provide the children with a meaningful learning experience.
Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Hot Roll Bonded Al/Ti Laminated Metal Composites (LMCs) by Pre-Rolling Diffusion Process

In this study, the traditional hot rolling to fabricate Al/Ti laminated metal composites (LMCs) was improved by using a pre-rolling diffusion process. The effect of the pre-rolling diffusion on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al/Ti LMCs were investigated by various methods, such as optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and tensile tests. The results show that, with increasing diffusion temperature, the thickness in diffusion layer was increased and the mechanical properties of LMCs were improved obviously, which was attributed to the optimized interfacial structure after diffusion process. In addition, the formation of TiAl3 intermetallic compounds (IMCs) was detected in the bonding interface, which played an important role in improving the mechanical properties for Al/Ti LMCs. The predicted results of stress-strain curves from rule of mixture (ROM) indicated that, there existed an extra interfacial strengthening in Al/Ti LMCs beside the mechanical properties provided by the contribution of constituent layers. The pre-rolling diffusion process is effective for the optimization of interfacial structure and improvement of mechanical properties in Al/Ti LMCs.
On the Westward Turning of Hurricane Sandy (2012): Effect of Atmospheric Intraseasonal Oscillations

Hurricane Sandy (2012) experienced an unusual westward turning and made landfall in New Jersey after its northward movement over the Atlantic Ocean. The landfall caused severe casualties and great economic losses. The westward turning took place in the midlatitude Atlantic where the climatological mean wind is eastward. The cause of this unusual westward track is investigated through both observational analysis and model simulations. The observational analysis indicates that the hurricane steering flow was primarily controlled by atmospheric intraseasonal oscillation (ISO), which was characterized by a pair of anticyclonic and cyclonic circulation systems. The anticyclone to the north was part of a global wave train forced by convection over the tropical Indian Ocean through Rossby wave energy dispersion, and the cyclone to the south originated from the tropical Atlantic through northward propagation. Hindcast experiments using a global coupled model show that the model is able to predict the observed circulation pattern as well as the westward steering flow 6 days prior to Sandy’s landfall. Sensitivity experiments with different initial dates confirm the important role of the ISO in establishing the westward steering flow in the midlatitude Atlantic. Thus the successful numerical model experiments suggest a potential for extended-range dynamical tropical cyclone track predictions.
Analysing wages and labour institutions in China: An unfinished transition

The rise of wages in China would seem to indicate that the demographic dividend has reached its end. A more refined approach reveals, however, that the situation of Chinese workers has not really improved: even though real wages are rising, the share of wages in the nation’s wealth has not kept pace. The reason for this is China’s position within global value chains, where the employment relationship is not solely governed by the employer–employee power relationship, but by contractual relations established between ‘lead firms’ and subcontractors. This situation echoes labour institutional economist JR Commons’ concept of ‘competitive menace’ and analyses of the structural imbalance of power in the employer/employee relationship. We argue that despite the Chinese government’s desire for industrial upgrading and its intention to develop internal labour markets, Chinese labour institutions have shown significant resistance to change making it hard to envisage any shift towards a Fordist regime of capital accumulation based on a virtuous cycle of mass production and mass consumption. JEL codes: B52, J30