Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Chemical Reaction and Thermal Radiation on MHD Boundary Layer Flow and Heat Transfer of a Nanofluid over an Exponentially Stretching Sheet

In the present article a numerical analysis has been carried out to study the boundary layer flow behavior and heat transfer characteristics of a nanofluid over an exponential stretching sheet. By assuming the stretching sheet to be impermeable, the effect of chemical reaction, thermal radiation, thermopherosis, Brownian motion and suction parameters in the presence of uniform magnetic field on heat and mass transfer are addressed. The governing system of equations is transformed into coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations using suitable similarity transformations. The transformed equations are then solved numerically using the well known Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method of fourth-fifth order. A detailed parametric study is performed to access the influence of the physical parameters on longitudinal velocity, temperature and nanoparticle volume fraction profiles as well as the local skin-friction coefficient, local Nusselt number and the local Sherwood number and the results are presented in both graphical and tabular forms.
Spermatogonial Stem Cell Self‐Renewal Requires OCT4, a Factor Downregulated During Retinoic Acid‐Induced Differentiation

The long‐term production of billions of spermatozoa relies on the regulated proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). To date only a few factors are known to function in SSCs to provide this regulation. Octamer‐4 (OCT4) plays a critical role in pluripotency and cell survival of embryonic stem cells and primordial germ cells; however, it is not known whether it plays a similar function in SSCs. Here, we show that OCT4 is required for SSC maintenance in culture and for colonization activity following cell transplantation, using lentiviral‐mediated short hairpin RNA expression to knock down OCT4 in an in vitro model for SSCs (“germline stem” [GS] cells). Expression of promyelocytic leukemia zinc‐finger (PLZF), a factor known to be required for SSC self‐renewal, was not affected by OCT4 knockdown, suggesting that OCT4 does not function upstream of PLZF. In addition to developing a method to test specific gene function in GS cells, we demonstrate that retinoic acid (RA) triggers GS cells to shift to a differentiated, premeiotic state lacking OCT4 and PLZF expression and colonization activity. Our data support a model in which OCT4 and PLZF maintain SSCs in an undifferentiated state and RA triggers spermatogonial differentiation through the direct or indirect downregulation of OCT4 and PLZF. The current study has important implications for the future use of GS cells as an in vitro model for spermatogonial stem cell biology or as a source of embryonic stem‐like cells.
Noise Reduction Techniques and Algorithms For Speech Signal Processing

:- Acoustic problems in the environment have gained attention due to the tremendous growth of technology Exposure to high decibels of sound proves damaging to humans from both a physical and a psychological aspect. The problem of controlling the noise level in the environment has been the focus of a tremendous amount of research over the years. This paper describes a study of techniques for noise reduction which can be applied at the input to standard receivers trained on noise-free speech. In this review, we have classified the existing noise cancellation schemes and algorithms.
Feature Saliency in Judging the Sex and Familiarity of Faces

Two experiments are reported on the effect of feature masking on judgements of the sex and familiarity of faces. In experiment 1 the effect of masking the eyes, nose, or mouth of famous and nonfamous, male and female faces on response times in two tasks was investigated. In the first, recognition, task only masking of the eyes had a significant effect on response times. In the second, sex-judgement, task masking of the nose gave rise to a significant and large increase in response times. In experiment 2 it was found that when facial features were presented in isolation in a sex-judgement task, responses to noses were at chance level, unlike those for eyes or mouths. It appears that visual information available from the nose in isolation from the rest of the face is not sufficient for sex judgement, yet masking of the nose may disrupt the extraction of information about the overall topography of the face, information that may be more useful for sex judgement than for identification of a face.
The Effect of Perceived Parental Rearing Behaviors on Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescents with Leukemia

As the prognosis of childhood leukemia has dramatically improved, clinical interest has been growing in health-related quality of life in adolescents with leukemia. An important factor in adolescent quality of life is their perception of parental rearing behavior. The aim of this study was to explore how perceived parental rearing behaviors related to the quality of life of adolescents with leukemia. A descriptive, exploratory study was conducted among 106 adolescents with leukemia using the Recalled Parental Rearing Behavior and the Minneapolis-Manchester Quality of Life scales. Data were examined using descriptive, correlation, and path analyses. The coefficients of total effect of paternal and maternal emotional warmth on the quality of life of adolescents were 0.36 and 0.45, respectively. We found that paternal rejection/punishment behavior was significantly correlated with maternal rejection/punishment behavior (P < .00); paternal and maternal control/overprotection behavior were also significantly correlated with each other (P < .00). We found that perceived parental warmth has a moderate effect on the quality of life of adolescents, that quality of life was related to both paternal and maternal rearing behaviors, and that the mother’s and father’s rearing behaviors were correlated with each other. To improve the quality of life of adolescents with leukemia, the patient’s care plan should aim to enhance positive parental rearing behaviors in both parents.
Three phase variable speed generation system with three level neutral point clamped (BSNPC) inverter

The paper presents theory and an experimental results of a variable speed generation system providing constant amplitude and frequency three phase four wire AC voltage. The variable speed generation system (VSGS) consists of an driving engine, axial flux permanent magnet generator (PMG) and an AC/DC/AC converter. The goal of the research is to develop a system in which the driving engine operates along the lowest specific fuel consumption The electrical part of the generation system may be build using a number of generators and converters topologies. The paper presents an original topology using high frequency axial flux permanent magnet generator, controlled rectifier which delivers two independently controlled DC voltages and a three phase four wires three level bidirectional switch, neutral point clamped system (BSNPCS) as an inverter producing sinusoidal standard AC voltage.
Campaign 9 of the K2 Mission: Observational Parameters, Scientific Drivers, and Community Involvement for a Simultaneous Space- and Ground-based Microlensing Survey

K2's Campaign 9 (K2C9) will conduct a ∼3.7 deg2 survey toward the Galactic bulge from 2016 April 22 through July 2 that will leverage the spatial separation between K2 and the Earth to facilitate measurement of the microlens parallax π E for ≳ 170 microlensing events. These will include several that are planetary in nature as well as many short-timescale microlensing events, which are potentially indicative of free-floating planets (FFPs). These satellite parallax measurements will in turn allow for the direct measurement of the masses of and distances to the lensing systems. In this article we provide an overview of the K2C9 space- and ground-based microlensing survey. Specifically, we detail the demographic questions that can be addressed by this program, including the frequency of FFPs and the Galactic distribution of exoplanets, the observational parameters of K2C9, and the array of resources dedicated to concurrent observations. Finally, we outline the avenues through which the larger community can become involved, and generally encourage participation in K2C9, which constitutes an important pathfinding mission and community exercise in anticipation of WFIRST.
Magneto-Optical Properties of a Ferronematic Colloid

Fabrication of a thermotropic ferronematic colloid is reported, consisting of a 1% concentration of magnetite nanorods dispersed in a commercially obtained liquid crystal (LC). To produce the nanorods, solvothermal synthesis was utilized by adding Fe(CO)5 to a reaction solution of hexadecylamine and oleic acid in n-octanol. The procedure allows for tailoring of the size and shape of the nanorods. The magnetic nanorods were functionalized with oleic acid. Magneto-optic and electro-optic properties of the colloid were characterized. Specifically, static measurements were performed to determine the birefringence and magnetic and electric Freedericksz thresholds. From the dynamic measurements, the switching time was determined. The nanorods increased the effective magnetic anisotropy of the LC. Depending on nanorod dimensions, the colloid demonstrated faster switching speeds, especially in the presence of crossed electric and magnetic fields.
Recognition of facial expression based on CNN-CBP features

Automatical recognition of facial expression is an interesting and challenging problem, which has so many applications such as expression synthesis, human-robot interaction, metal state identification, intelligent tutoring systems, operator fatigue, music for mood, and clinical medicine. The vital step of a successful approach is deriving features from raw facial image. The existed methods of features extraction are the hand-crafted features based on geometric features or appearance features, and the auto-learned features. To utilize the benefit of low computation of hand-crafted features and the high-representation of auto-learned features, we firstly proposed the combined features CNN-CBP with putting together Centralized Binary Patterns (CBP) features and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) features. And then, we classified the features using Support Vector Machine (SVM). With the help of the CNN-CBP features, we achieved average recognition accuracy of 97.6% on the Extended Cohn-Kanade datasets and 88.7% on the Japanese Femal Facial Expression datasets based on 10-cross validation.
A 1.2 V 300 μW second-order switched-capacitor Δ∑ modulator using ultra incomplete settling with 73 dB SNDR and 300 kHz BW in 130 nm CMOS

This paper presents a Δ∑ modulator (Δ∑M) circuit based on the implementation of discrete time filters using ultra incomplete settling (UIS). This approach allows building a Δ∑M using mostly dynamic elements thus reducing the power dissipation. A prototyped 2nd-order Δ∑M circuit, using this technique, was designed in a 130 nm CMOS technology; the measured results prove the validity of the concept. Measured results show that the Δ∑M achieves a peak SNDR of 72.8 dB, a peak SNR of 73.9 dB and a DR of 78.2 dB for a signal with a bandwidth (BW) of 300 kHz, while dissipating less than 300 μW from a 1.2V power supply voltage, resulting in a FOM of 139.3 fJ/conv. -step. As far as the authors have knowledge, this circuit represents the first prototyped switched-capacitor (SC) circuit based on UIS.
Sampling based Discrete Supervised Hashing

By leveraging semantic (label) information, supervised hashing has demonstrated better accuracy than unsupervised hashing in many real applications. Because the hashing-code learning problem is essentially a discrete optimization problem which is hard to solve, most existing supervised hashing methods try to solve a relaxed continuous optimization problem by dropping the discrete constraints. However, these methods typically suffer from poor performance due to the errors caused by the relaxation. Some other methods try to directly solve the discrete optimization problem. However, they are typically time-consuming and unscalable. In this paper, we propose a novel method, called column sampling based discrete supervised hashing (COSDISH), to directly learn the discrete hashing code from semantic information. COSDISH is an iterative method, in each iteration of which several columns are sampled from the semantic similarity matrix and then the hashing code is decomposed into two parts which can be alternately optimized in a discrete way. Theoretical analysis shows that the learning (optimization) algorithm of COSDISH has a constant-approximation bound in each step of the alternating optimization procedure. Empirical results on datasets with semantic labels illustrate that COSDISH can outperform the state-of-the-art methods in real applications like image retrieval.
Antibiotics : Classification and mechanisms of action with emphasis on molecular perspectives

Article Type: Review Man and the microbial world have co-existed since time immemorial. Whilst some bacteria are able to strike a symbiotic balance with man; providing a protective and stabilizing effect on the body as resident microbes, pathogenic bacteria invade and grow in man’s tissues causing diseases and damaging the body, sometimes leading to death. Man’s search for a cure to her; many bacterial adversaries led to the discovery and use of antibiotics in the 1940’s. Whilst antagonizing disease causing bacteria, antibiotics are known to cause harmful effects on the normal and useful microbiota of the human biological system. The use of antibiotics is therefore, hinged on the overall intended benefit, taking into consideration the attendant negative side effects. Proper characterization and adequate understanding of the mode of action of antibiotics is therefore an indispensable necessity required to safeguard man’s healthcare delivery system. Recent molecular biological approaches have greatly contributed to understanding how antibiotics antagonize bacteria. Hence in this paper, the classification of antibiotics and their mode of action are reviewed with emphasis on molecular perspectives. ©2016 BluePen Journals Ltd. All rights reserved
Universal primer cocktails for fish DNA barcoding

Reliable recovery of the 5′′ region of the cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI) gene is critical for the ongoing effort to gather DNA barcodes for all fish species. In this study, we develop and test primer cocktails with a view towards increasing the efficiency of barcode recovery. Specifically, we evaluate the success of polymerase chain reaction amplification and the quality of resultant sequences using three primer cocktails on DNA extracts from representatives of 94 fish families. Our results show that M13-tailed primer cocktails are more effective than conventional degenerate primers, allowing barcode work on taxonomically diverse samples to be carried out in a high-throughput fashion.
Flocking for multi-robot systems via the Null-Space-based Behavioral control

In this paper the flocking problem for a multi-robot system, consisting in making the robots of a team grouping together, is addressed. The flocking is achieved resorting to the Null-Space-based Behavioral (NSB) control by defining very simple behaviors for each robot of the team and by properly arranging these behaviors in priority. The NSB algorithm, making the robots using only local information, successfully achieves the flocking with or without a rendez-vous point and in eventual presence of obstacles. Extensive simulations and experiments using differential-drive mobile robots prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Evolutionary relationships of the Tas 2 r receptor gene families in mouse and human

Conte, Caroline, Martin Ebeling, Anne Marcuz, Patrick Nef, and Pedro J. Andres-Barquin. Evolutionary relationships of the Tas2r receptor gene families in mouse and human. Physiol Genomics 14: 73–82, 2003. First published May 6, 2003; 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00060. 2003. — The early molecular events in the perception of bitter taste start with the binding of specific water-soluble molecules to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) encoded by the Tas2r family of taste receptor genes. The identification of the complete TAS2R receptor family repertoire in mouse and a comparative study of the Tas2r gene families in mouse and human might help to better understand bitter taste perception. We have identified, cloned, and characterized 13 new mouse Tas2r sequences, 9 of which encode putative functional bitter taste receptors. The encoded proteins are between 293 and 333 amino acids long and share between 18% and 54% sequence identity with other mouse TAS2R proteins. Including the 13 sequences identified, the mouse Tas2r family contains 30% more genes and 60% fewer pseudogenes than the human TAS2R family. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the proteins encoded by all mouse and human Tas2r genes indicate that TAS2R proteins present a lower degree of sequence conservation in mouse than in human and suggest a classification in five groups that may reflect a specialization in their functional activity to detect bitter compounds. Tas2r genes are organized in clusters in both mouse and human genomes, and an analysis of these clusters and phylogenetic analyses indicates that the five TAS2R protein groups were present prior to the divergence of the primate and rodent lineages. However, differences in subsequent evolutionary processes, including local duplications, interchromosomal duplications, divergence, and deletions, gave rise to species-specific sequences and shaped the diversity of the current TAS2R receptor families during mouse and human evolution.
Chronobiology of acute aortic rupture or dissection: A systematic review and a meta-analysis of the literature

Objectives: Identification and quantification higher risk incidence of aortic rupture or dissection (AARD) could be of clinical interest and improve preventive strategies. Background: Several studies and subsequent meta-analyses have shown chronobiologic variations in the timing of occurrence of myocardial infarction, stroke, and pulmonary embolism. Conversely, such evidences are currently lacking for AARD despite a number of studies available dealing with periodicity. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases were searched up to July 2013. Temporal variation in the incidence of AARD was analyzed including all studies analyzing seasonal, monthly, weekly, and circadian aggregations. Two authors independently reviewed and extracted data. Results: Forty-two studies for a total of more than 80 000 patients were included. Our results showed a significantly increased incidence of AARD in Winter (Chi-square 854.92, p < 0.001), with a relative risk (RR) of 1.171 (99% CI 1.169, 1.172), in December (Chi-square 361.03, p < 0.001), RR of 1.142 (99% CI 1.141, 1.143), on Monday (Chi-square 428.09, p < 0.001), RR of 1.214 (99% CI 1.211, 1.216), and in the hours between 6 am and 12 pm (Chi-square 212.02, p < 0.001), RR of 1.585 (99% CI 1.562, 1.609). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirmed the results of principal analyses. Conclusions: Our data strongly support the presence of evident rhythmic patterns in the incidence of acute aortic events, characterized by significantly higher risk in Winter, in December, on Monday and between 6 am and 12 pm. Future studies are needed to better clarify the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications.
Neuroinflammation – An Early Event in Both the History and Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease

Background: About hundred years ago, Oskar Fischer proposed that the senile plaques are the consequence of the deposition of a foreign substance that could induce an inflammatory response leading to an abnormal neuritic response of the surrounding neurons. Objectives: To show that the interest in inflammation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is not only an early event in the history of AD but that inflammation is also an early event in the pathogenesis of AD. Methods: Evaluation of the neuropathological, epidemiological and genetic evidence for a role of inflammation early in the pathogenesis of AD. Results: Neuropathological studies show presence of activated microglia and inflammation-related mediators in the cerebral neocortex of autopsied patients with a low Braak stage for AD pathology. Prospective population-based cohort studies indicate that higher serum levels of acute phase proteins predict dementia. On a genetic level, it was found that the production capacity of proinflammatory cytokines after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (a process that is under strong genetic control) is higher in offspring with a parental history of late-onset AD. Conclusion: Neuropathological studies show that a neuroinflammatory response in the cerebral neocortex parallels the early stages of AD pathology and precedes the late stage, tau-related pathology. Epidemiological and genetic studies indicate that systemic markers of the innate immunity are risk factors for late-onset AD.
Comparison of the heavy-fermion and Foldy-Wouthuysen formalisms at third order

I. INTRODUCTION When considering low-energy phenomena, it often simplifies the calculations to start from a nonrelativistic Lagrangian. Several useful and well-known examples can be found. These include the low-energy few-body nuclear systems for which chiral perturbation theory (χPT) has been developed, the electromagnetic properties of composite particles (moments of the proton and neutron), atomic physics [nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics (NRQED)] and heavy-quark effective field theory (HQEFT). Since the original theory, here assumed to be an effective field theory (EFT) in the Weinberg sense [1], is generally given by a relativistic Lagrangian, one faces the problem of performing a nonrelativistic (NR) reduction. Several solutions have been suggested over the years. The simplest,whichwewilllabelthedirectPaulireductionscheme or the 1/m expansion, expands the Dirac matrix element in terms of the two-dimensional Pauli-spinors that appear in the