Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Adversarial Attacks Against Graph-Neural-Network-Based IoT Network Intrusion Detection System

The advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies leads to a wide penetration and large-scale deployment of IoT systems across an entire city or even country. While IoT systems are capable of providing intelligent services, the large amount of data collected and processed in IoT systems also raises serious security concerns. Many research efforts have been devoted to design intelligent network intrusion detection system (NIDS) to prevent misuse of IoT data across smart applications. However, existing approaches may suffer from the issue of limited and imbalanced attack data when training the detection model, which make the system vulnerable especially for those unknown type attacks. In this study, a novel hierarchical adversarial attack (HAA) generation method is introduced to realize the level-aware black-box adversarial attack strategy, targeting the graph neural network (GNN)-based intrusion detection in IoT systems with a limited budget. By constructing a shadow GNN model, an intelligent mechanism based on a saliency map technique is designed to generate adversarial examples by effectively identifying and modifying the critical feature elements with minimal perturbations. A hierarchical node selection algorithm based on random walk with restart (RWR) is developed to select a set of more vulnerable nodes with high attack priority, considering their structural features, and overall loss changes within the targeted IoT network. The proposed HAA generation method is evaluated using the open-source data set UNSW-SOSR2019 with three baseline methods. Comparison results demonstrate its ability in degrading the classification precision by more than 30% in the two state-of-the-art GNN models, GCN and JK-Net, respectively, for NIDS in IoT environments.
In-store interactive advertising screens: the effect of interactivity on impulse buying explained by self-agency

PurposePhysical stores are increasingly dependent on impulse visits and the impulse purchases of passers-by. Interactive advertising screens in store windows could help retailers increase impulse-visit urges and impulse-buying urges. However, the effects of interactive screens in physical surroundings have not been studied before. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of interactive screens on impulse urges and gain insight into the underlying mechanism that explains the possible effect.Design/methodology/approachAn interactive screen was placed in a store window. Using three field experiments, we studied the effect of interactivity-level (high vs low) on the impulse-visit and impulse-buying urges of passers-by, and the mediating role of self-agency in these effects.FindingsHighly interactive (compared to less interactive) advertising screens in store windows positively affect impulse-visit and impulse-buying urges through self-agency. Retailers can therefore use interactive advertising screens to increase the number of impulse purchases if feelings of self-agency are activated.Originality/valueThis is the first study to examine the extent to which interactive screens in a store window enhance the impulse-visit and impulse-buying urges of passers-by and the mediating factor of these effects. By conducting three field experiments, we achieved a high external validity and managed to share very reliable results owing to the replication of the findings.
Modeling of an actively stabilized regenerative amplifier for OMEGA pulse-shaping applications

We have modeled the output of a feedback stabilized regenerative amplifier (regen). We solve the rate equations including upper- and lower-laser-level lifetimes explicitly. The complete regen dynamics including the losses due to the feedback stabilizer are modeled. We provide a prescription for determining the injection-pulse shape required to produce a given output-pulse shape from this region. The model shows excellent agreement to measured regen output. This model of the regen along with our code RAINBOW, completely describes the temporal dynamics of the OMEGA laser system allowing OMEGA users to specify on-target pulse shapes in advance.
Effect of the shorting posts on short circuit microstrip antennas

In many antenna applications, the size of the antenna is considered as an important factor in the design process. Therefore, short circuit microstrip antennas are widely used because the short circuit antenna can realize the same resonant frequency, at about half the size of the standard microstrip antenna. The shorted microstrip antenna is constructed by short-circuiting the zero potential plane of an ordinary microstrip antenna excited with a dominant mode. Physically, this short circuit may be complete, by wrapping a copper strip around the edge of the antenna, or it may be simulated by shorting posts. From the manufacturing point of view, construction of shorting posts is much easier than wrapping a copper strip around the edge of the antenna. In the present paper, the effect of such shorting posts on the performance of the microstrip antenna is studied experimentally. However, the effect of the shorting posts depends on different parameters like the number of the posts, the radius of each post and the thickness of the microstrip antenna which determines the length of the posts. The effect of each of these parameters is investigated and presented. <<ETX>>
Mental, Physical and Social Functioning in Independently Living Senior House Residents and Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Senior houses provide social interaction and support, potentially supporting older people’s physical and mental functioning. Few studies have investigated functioning of senior house residents. The aim was to compare functioning between senior house residents and community-dwelling older adults in Finland. We compared senior house residents (n = 336, 69% women, mean age 83 years) to community-dwelling older adults (n = 1139, 56% women, mean age 74 years). Physical and mental functioning were assessed using the SF 36-Item Health Survey. Loneliness and frequency of social contacts were self-reported. The analyses were adjusted for age, socioeconomic factors and diseases. Physical functioning was lower among men in senior houses compared to community-dwelling men (mean 41.1 vs. 46.4, p = 0.003). Mental functioning or the frequency of social contacts did not differ between type of residence in either sex. Loneliness was higher among women in senior houses compared to community-dwelling women (OR = 1.67, p = 0.027). This was not observed in men. Results suggest that women in senior houses had similar physical and mental functioning compared to community-dwelling women. Male senior house residents had poorer physical functioning compared to community-dwelling men. Women living in senior houses were lonelier than community-dwelling women despite the social environment.
Movement behaviors associated with mental health among US military service members

ABSTRACT Compared to the general adult population, military service members experience an excess burden of mental health problems (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder, PTSD). Physical activity, screen time, and sleep (i.e., movement behaviors) are independently associated with mental health, but their combined effects are poorly understood, particularly in military populations. We analyzed data from active component service members in the national 2018 Health Related Behaviors Survey (N = 17,166). Weighted gender-stratified logistic regression models examined the associations of meeting recommended/healthy levels of moderate-to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), screen time, and sleep duration – separately and in combination (none, some, all) – with PTSD, suicide ideation, and serious psychological distress. In both men and women, meeting sleep recommendations was associated with reduced odds of each outcome. Meeting MVPA recommendations was associated with lower odds of serious psychological distress only in men (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.58–1.00). No/low screen time was associated with lower odds of suicide ideation only in women (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.45–0.95). The odds of all three outcomes were lower in those who reported some or all (vs. none) recommended/healthy movement behaviors, with the lowest odds found in the “all” group, suggesting a possible dose-response relationship. Findings can help inform multiple behavior change interventions to improve service members’ psychological fitness and military readiness.
Multidisciplinary Modelling Tools for Power Electronic Circuits: with Focus on High Power Modules

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Utility-Side Voltage and PQ Control with Inverter-Based Photovoltaic Systems

Abstract Distributed energy resources (DER) are relatively small-scale generators or energy storage units that are located in close proximity to load centers. The DERs that are integrated to the grid with the power electronic converter interfaces are capable of providing nonactive power in addition to active power. Hence, they are capable of regulating the voltages of weak electrical buses in distribution systems. This paper discusses voltage control capability of photovoltaic (PV) systems as compared to the traditional capacitor banks. The simulation results prove the effectiveness of dynamic voltage control capability of inverter-based PVs. With proper control algorithms, active and nonactive power supplied from DERs (e.g., solar PVs or micro-turbines) can be controlled independently. This paper also presents the scenario of controlling active and nonactive power supplied from a PV array to track and supply the local load.
Repeatability of Voluntary Thermal Maximum and Covariance with Water Loss Reveal Potential for Adaptation to Changing Climates

Although climate warming poses a grave threat to amphibians, little is known about the capacity of this group to evolve in response to warming. The capacity of key traits to evolve depends on the presence of genetic variation on which selection can act. Here, we use repeatability estimates to estimate the potential upper bounds of heritable genetic variation in voluntary and critical thermal maxima of gray-cheeked salamanders (Plethodon metcalfi). Increases in thermal tolerance may also require concordant increases in resistance to water loss because hotter temperatures incur greater evaporative risk. Therefore, we also tested for a correlation between voluntary thermal maxima and resistance to water loss and conducted an acclimation study to test for covariation between these traits in response to warming. Voluntary thermal maxima exhibited low to moderate levels of repeatability (R=0.32, P=0.045), while critical thermal maxima exhibited no statistically significant repeatability (R=0.10, P=0.57). Voluntary thermal maxima also correlated positively with resistance to water loss (R=0.31, P=0.025) but only when controlling for body mass. Voluntary thermal maxima and resistance to water loss also exhibited different acclimatory responses across control (12°C–18°C) and warm (18°C–24°C) temperature regimes, indicating a potential decoupling of traits in different thermal environments. By addressing the repeatability of thermal tolerance and the potential for covariation with resistance to water loss, we begin to address some of the key requirements of amphibians to evolve in warming climates.
Understanding the uncertainty of the long‐term precipitation trend under global warming through the water cycle

It is certain that globally the troposphere has warmed since the industrial revolution because of the greenhouse gas emissions. The water vapour content of air increases as the climate warms. However, there is nonsignificant long‐term trend in global‐scale precipitation. This study aims to investigate the sources of the uncertainty of the long‐term precipitation trend under global warming through the water cycle. The data of the historical simulations (1850–2005) from 30 CMIP5 models are used in the estimate. The p‐value is utilized to indicate the significance of the long‐term trend of the water‐vapour‐related variable in the water cycle as well as the air temperature near surface and at the condensation level. For each variable, the p‐value is calculated for each of the grid points. The overall spatial distribution patterns of the p‐values are compared between two variables that linked directly, and a point‐to‐point comparison is also performed to the two fields. Results show that over the globe, the near‐surface specific humidity increases significantly at most of the grid points while the increase of the specific humidity at the condensation level is significant at some, and, however, the long‐term trend of the relative humidity at the condensation level is majorly nonsignificant. This suggests that as assessed from the global grid points, the uncertainty of the long‐term trend of the water‐vapour‐related variable enlarges substantially in the process of condensation, and modestly in the process of the transport of water vapour. Therefore, the uncertainty of the long‐term precipitation trend under global warming is mainly attributed to the condensation and slightly due to the transport of water vapour. The results obtained from the 30 models are consistent with each other, which supports the reliability of the conclusion.
Secure Consensus of Multiagent Systems With Input Saturation and Distributed Multiple DoS Attacks

The secure consensus problem of multiagent systems with input saturation and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks constraints is an interesting research problem. To solve this problem, the assumptions that all the agents own the same saturation level and suffer the same DoS attacks from a single adversary are usually made. This brief removes the above assumptions and investigates the secure consensus problem of multiagent systems with different saturation levels and multiple DoS attacks. The studied multiagent systems have different layers, in which different saturation levels are studied for different layers. Moreover, the DoS attacks are launched from different adversaries and will cause different effects for different agents. To achieve the desired objective, two different consensus protocols for agents in different levels are first designed using the low-gain technique. Then, the investigated dynamic system under DoS attacks is modeled by a switched system by categorizing the DoS attacks into several types. The controller is proposed by solving parametric algebraic Riccati equation (ARE). Sufficient conditions for the DoS attack duration on each channel are derived.
Computing 4D near-optimal trajectories for dynamic air traffic flow management with column generation and branch-and-price

Abstract The current air traffic system faces recurrent saturation problems. Numerous studies are dedicated to this issue, including the present research on a new dynamic regulation filter holding frequent trajectory optimisations in a real-time sliding horizon loop process. We consider a trajectory optimisation problem arising in this context, where a feasible four-dimensional (4D) trajectory is to be built and assigned to each regulated flight to suppress sector overloads while minimising the cost of the chosen policy. We model this problem with a mixed integer linear programme and solve it with a branch-and-price approach. The pricing sub-problem looks for feasible trajectories in a dynamic three-dimensional (3D) network and is solved with a specific algorithm based on shortest path labelling algorithms and on dynamic programming. Each algorithm is tested on real-world data corresponding to a complete traffic day in the European air traffic system; experimental results, including computing times measurement, validate the solution process.
P11) Activity diary program to enhance teaching of energy balance

This paper describes a web-based program that can be used to illustrate the importance of exercise to energy balance. The program was written in JavaScript and works in Internet Explorer. First year university students who are studying nutrition have used it and completed an evaluation questionnaire. Energy requirements depend on the basal metabolic rate (BMR), which can be applied during sleep and the extent of physical activity during the day. The Government publication on reference nutrient intakes suggests a method for calculating individual energy requirements based on BMR and activity (Department of Health, 1991). The web program shows how manipulating these two factors can alter energy requirements. It helps students to test out the effect of varying lifestyles on energy requirements.
Ultrasound-guided thrombin injection as a preferable method of treatment for iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms after invasive cardiovascular procedures – a single-center experience

Introduction Arterial cannulation is inherently associated with a risk of vascular complications including pseudoaneurysm (psA) that are encountered in both radial and femoral artery access. Among various methods of treatment of pseudoaneurysm the most popular are: watchful waiting for a spontaneous resolution, ultrasound-guided compression, ultrasound-guided thrombin injection (UGTI) and surgical treatment. In many previous reports nonsurgical methods appeared to be effective in most cases. Aim To evaluate the incidence, characteristics as well as treatment scheme of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms in a single high-volume cardiovascular intervention center. Material and methods The study is a prospective analysis of femoral artery and radial artery pseudoaneurysm cases in a 6-year period (2015–2020) in Świętokrzyskie Cardiology Centre in Kielce, Poland. Analysis of baseline characteristics, treatment and outcomes of all pseudoaneurysm cases was performed. Results Among a total number of 7268 cardiovascular procedures, with 49.2% being of the radial approach, we diagnosed 113 cases of psA. Global prevalence of femoral artery pseudoaneurysm was 1.29% and that of radial artery pseudoaneurysm was 0.30%. Only 2 patients with femoral puncture were primarily qualified for surgical treatment due to large size of the pseudoaneurysm. The vast majority of patients underwent successful nonsurgical therapy with the major predominance of the UGTI procedure. Effectiveness of the first thrombin injection was as high as 90% in RPA and 85% in FPA, whereas all of the consecutive attempts were successful. Conclusions UGTI is nowadays a very effective and safe method of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm treatment that prevents further necessary surgical procedures.
A new scheme for maximum photovoltaic power tracking control

It is shown that the derivative (dp/sub s//de/sub s/) of output power (p/sub s/) with respect to output voltage (e/sub s/) of a photovoltaic array is equal to zero at the maximum power point. This kind of relationship is independent of insolation and temperature. This property may be utilized to perform maximum power tracking control, that is, at all insolation and temperature levels, the maximum power point can be obtained by regulating dp/sub s//de/sub s/ toward zero. Based on this concept, a new scheme of maximum power tracking control is proposed and applied to a utility-interactive photovoltaic power conditioning system, where the boost chopper is responsible for maximum power tracking control and the inverter responsible for unity power factor control and constant DC input voltage control. The related design method is described. The usefulness and validity of the proposed method are verified by simulation. Compared to conventional methods, this method show a considerably high tracking performance.
Matching of a DC motor to a photovoltaic generator using a step-up converter with a current-locked loop

A photovoltaic (PV) generator is a nonlinear device having insolation-dependent volt-ampere characteristics. Because of its relatively high cost, the system designer is interested in optimum matching of the motor and its mechanical load to the PV generator so that maximum power is obtained during the entire operating period. However, since the maximum-power point varies with solar insolation, it is difficult to achieve an optimum matching that is valid for all insolation levels. In this paper it is shown that for maximum power, the generator current must be directly proportional to insolation. This remarkable property is utilized to achieve insolation-independent optimum matching. A shunt DC motor driving a centrifugal water pump is supplied from a PV generator via a step-up converter whose duty ratio is controlled using a current-locked feedback loop. >
“Now Everybody Is Thinking About Things Like That.” Young Adult Cancer Survivors Reimagining Work During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background Diagnosed between ages 20 and 39 years, young adult (YA) cancer survivors have faced disruption to their lives well before the COVID-19 pandemic. Often seen as an at-risk population within cancer survivors, YAs experience the demands of a serious illness, such as cancer, alongside meeting the typical milestones of young adulthood and often have worse quality of life than their noncancer peers. There is a need to further study the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on specific populations, including YA cancer survivors (YACS), as it relates to work. Objectives The aim of this study was to explore working YACS’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify facets of cancer survivorship that researchers can use to explore COVID-19 survivorship further. Methods Secondary thematic analysis of 40 semistructured, qualitative interviews conducted through Zoom audio during the COVID-19 pandemic. YA hematologic cancer survivors were recruited through social media; they were eligible if they had completed active therapy, were within 5 years of their diagnosis, and working at the time of diagnosis. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and subjected to thematic content analysis. Results Themes surrounded COVID-19’s influence on working YACS’ experiences, with the overarching theme: “From solo to shared experience: A change in awareness and understanding. ” A subtheme was “Lesson reaffirmed: Reimagining the work environment. ” Discussion The consequences of COVID-19 on the overall quality of life for YACS are multilevel. Establishing the evidence for effective interventions to support YACS in the workplace, whether physical or virtual, is critically needed. Research is needed on YACS’ risk and resilience factors that could ultimately impact future health and quality of life.
FACTORS AFFECTING PROCUREMENT PLANNING IN COUNTY GOVERNMENTS IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF NAIROBI CITY COUNTY

The purpose of the study was to examine the factors that affect procurement planning in County Governments in Kenya a case study of Nairobi City County with an aim of making recommendations on proper procurement planning. The study aimed to establish how management support, staff competence, Information Communication Technology (ICT) tools, and budgeting procedure affect procurement planning. A census was conducted where all the 103 staff in procurement department was issued with questionnaires. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires to collect data. The data collected was analyzed using quantitative and qualitative techniques. The study concludes that, inadequate competencies of procurement staff, lack of management support, ICT tools and budgeting procedures affect procurement planning. Finally, the study recommends a further research to be carried out in other counties to find out if the same results can be obtained.