Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Post-Market Safety and Efficacy Surveillance of Herbal Medicinal Products from Users Perspective: A Qualitative Semi-Structured Interview Study in Kumasi, Ghana

Objective: Despite the increased patronage of herbal medicinal products (HMP), they remain poorly regulated in Ghana and their efficacy and safety data is seldom adequate. The objective of the present study is to provide insight into concerns regarding post-market HMP safety and efficacy from the perspectives of users in Kumasi, Ghana. Methods: Thirty-seven randomly selected HMP consumers in Kumasi, were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaire. Non-users of HMPs and users less than 18 years were excluded from the study. Mixed method sampling method was used for the study. Results: HMPs were reported to be gentle and safer than orthodox medicines by informants. Only 19% of informants voluntarily reported HMP use to their general practitioner. Informants (94.6%) experienced minimal effects, whiles (5.4%) experienced moderately severe adverse effects. Conclusion: It was observed from the study that some HMPs are however non-effective and harmful. We would suggest that HMP users should exercise caution with regards to where to buy and when using HM. “Shyness” and the “feeling of being condemned by the physician” were identified to be the possible causes of the communication barrier between the physicians and the HM users. We recommend physicians to initiate discussion on this topic during consultations and guide users on safe use of these HMPs.
lucía morado vázquez and jesús torres del rey

In localisation, there is a constant need to automate processes in an attempt to reduce the cost and time associated with those processes. One of the main ways of achieving this objective is to reuse previously localised data and metadata by using standardised translation memory formats – such as the LISA Translation Memory eXchange (TMX) format or the OASIS XML Localisation Interchange File Format (XLIFF). Although XLIFF has emerged as the most desirable format for the exchange of localisation data, much work still needs to be done before it can be generalised to most localisation activities and can be implemented in a straightforward way. Our research aims to study the importance of the localisation metadata associated with the translation suggestions provided by computer-assisted translation (CAT) tools. We analysed the ways in which localisation data and metadata (D/M) can be represented in the current specification of XLIFF (i.e. XLIFF 1.2). We designed a new format called the Localisation Memory Container (LMC) to organise previously localised XLIFF files in a single container. Finally, we developed a prototype (XLIFF Phoenix) to leverage the D/M from the LMC to improve the translator’s task by helping CAT tools not only to produce more translation suggestions easily (similar to bi-text approaches), but also to enrich those suggestions with relevant metadata. In order to test whether the ‘CAT-orientated’ enriched metadata are helpful to the translator, we designed an experimental translation task using Swordfish II. Different levels of D/M were introduced in the same document for the different participants, which enabled us to study the influence of the D/M on the translation decision-making process and on the machine–human interaction. In this chapter, we present our research objectives, the methodology and procedures, and an analysis of the results of the experiment. Finally, we extract some preliminary conclusions about the importance of metadata during the localisation process, both as displayed in our experiment and as an integrated function of the tool’s automated capabilities.
Master Degree Project in Meteorology 30 ECTS credits Evaluation of calculated concentrations of air pollution in the Stockholm region – comparison with measurements

The aim of this project was to evaluate atmospheric dispersion models. Two model were used; An Eulerian transport model model, MATCH (Multi-scale Atmospheric Transport and CHemistry), and a Gaussian plume model, both developed by SMHI (Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute). As the name suggests, MATCH can be applied over different scales, e.g. Europe, Sweden or smaller region such as Stockholm-Uppsala county. In this project the MATCH model was first run covering Europe, then run locally covering Stockholm and Uppsala with a finer resolution, using the result from the European run as boundary values. The Gaussian model is designed specifically for modelling urban pollution. It calculates the pollution concentrations directly from Gaussian plume equations based on the current or future weather conditions. The models were tested for several winter periods and compared to each other for February 2010. The performance was evaluated by comparing the model results with observations at specific points within the model domains. The main trace species were Nitrogen Oxides, NOx, and Particulate Matter, PM10. The Gauss model performed better than the MATCH model when comparing calculated NOx-concentrations with urban observations. MATCH results were closer to observations at the rural site than the urban. This suggests that the resolution (2× 2 km) used in the MATCH runs was too rough to simulate the strong variation in pollutants in an urban environment. Different temporal resolutions of boundary values (i.e. data at the edge of the model domain) for the MATCH model was tested. This showed that reading boundary values once per 24 hours is insufficient, and that the higher resolution of new boundary values every 6 hours is adviced. Attempts to simulate PM10 using the Gauss model failed since the observed concentrations were completely dominated by long distance transport during the entire month. This turned out to be due to persistent road wetness, preventing suspension of particles from road sources.
Job opportunities, amenities, and variable distance-deterrence effects: an empirical model of inter-municipal migration in Belgium

This paper investigates inter-municipal migration flows in Belgium using a Poisson gravity model, taking into account the variation in the distance-deterrence effect. Besides distance, the model also includes some municipal-specific factors as explanatory variables. In addition, the model accounts for unobserved origin/destination characteristics. The model is tested using aggregate, cross-sectional, data on migrations between the municipalities of the Belgian province of Limburg, over the period 1998-2003. To overcome the problem of underdeterminacy, we use the method of Generalized Cross-Entropy estimation. A number of findings stand out. Firstly, we find evidence of a U-shaped relationship between the distancedeterrence elasticity and distance. Secondly, distance between origin and destination reinforces (attenuates) the pull effect of local employment opportunities (local amenities). This finding may reflect a shift in the composition of migration flows from residential migration to labor migration as distance increases. Finally, the spatial distribution of the net pull effects of unobserved factors seems to coincide with proximity to major roads and railway stations. * Hasselt University Centre for Entrepreneurship and Innovation (KIZOK) Agoralaan (gebouw D) B-3500 Diepenbeek, BELGIUM Tel. : +32-11-26 86 35 Fax: +32-11-26 87 00 E-mail: ludo.peeters@uhasselt.be
1 0 A pr 2 01 8 Relativistic stars in vector-tensor theories

We study relativistic star solutions in second-order generalized Proca theories characterized by a U(1)-breaking vector field with derivative couplings. In the models with cubic and quartic derivative coupling, the mass and radius of stars become larger than those in general relativity for negative derivative coupling constants. This phenomenon is mostly attributed to the increase of star radius induced by a slower decrease of the matter pressure compared to general relativity. There is a tendency that the relativistic star with a smaller mass is not gravitationally bound for a low central density and hence dynamically unstable, but that with a larger mass is gravitationally bound. On the other hand, we show that the intrinsic vector-mode couplings give rise to general relativistic solutions with a trivial field profile, so the mass and radius are not modified from those in general relativity.
2 DETERMINANTS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND MARKET TIMING THEORY : INTERNATIONAL EVIDENCE 1

A well-establishedview is that existsfirms in a developed financial market take advantage of market valuations when making financial decisions. Whether firms in developing financial markets follow a similar behavior is not clear. Therefore, this extends the work of Baker and Wurgler (2002) and Mahajan and Tartaroglu (2008) by investigating whether managers in 26 developing and 23 developed economies time the market when issuing new equity. Our sample includes 12,181 publicly listed firms comprising 121,622 firm-year observations for the period 2007 to 2015. We reportsupport for the market timing theory using pooled sample. However, our individual country results shows that the past market timing decisions do not appear to have persistent and significant impact on firms’ financing decisions in the majority
The Impact of Psychological Empowerment on Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Knowledge Sharing Behavior: The Mediating role of Employee Engagement and Moderating role of Leader-member exchange

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between psychological empowerment and two behavioral outcomes of an employee (organizational citizenship behavior and knowledge sharing behavior) by examining the mediating role of employee engagement and moderating role of leader-member exchange. A survey was completed by 146 employees working in a variety of jobs and organizations. The data were collected by self- administered questionnaire and then analyzed by using correlation and regression analysis. Results indicate that psychological empowerment positively influences organizational citizenship behavior and knowledge sharing behavior. In addition, employee engagement partially mediates the relationship between psychological empowerment and organizational citizenship behavior and fully mediates between psychological empowerment and knowledge sharing behavior. Leader-member exchange does not moderate the relationship between psychological empowerment and employee engagement. Psychological empowerment has positive relationship with the employee engagement for employees low in leader-member exchange than for employees high in leader-member exchange. The implications of these findings are discussed.
SparseSpeech: Unsupervised Acoustic Unit Discovery with Memory-Augmented Sequence Autoencoders

We propose a sparse sequence autoencoder model for unsupervised acoustic unit discovery, based on bidirectional LSTM encoders/decoders with a sparsity-inducing bottleneck. The sparsity layer is based on memory-augmented neural networks, with a differentiable embedding memory bank addressed from the encoder. The decoder reconstructs the encoded input feature sequence from an utterance-level context embedding and the bottleneck representation. At some time steps, the input to the decoder is randomly omitted by applying sequence dropout, forcing the decoder to learn about the temporal structure of the sequence. We propose a bootstrapping training procedure, after which the network can be trained end-to-end with standard back-propagation. Sparsity of the generated representation can be controlled with a parameter in the proposed loss function. We evaluate the units with the ABX discriminability on minimal triphone pairs and also on entire words. Forcing the network to favor highly sparse memory adressings in the memory component yields symbolic-like representations of speech that are very compact and still offer better ABX discriminability than MFCC.
An Investigation Into The Application Of Neural Networks To Gene Classification

The classification of genes according to their function is a key task in genomics. This classification is performed by assigning to a gene a collection of labels, called gene ontology (GO) codes, where each code specifies some function of the gene. A single gene is likely to be uniquely identified by its labeling, though many genes may share a particular label. The classification is carried out by human experts, usually by means of conducting years of laboratory study. An organism’s genome consists of a set of genes, which are themselves sequences of nucleotides (or DNA in higher organisms). DNA serves as a template that is ‘transcribed’ to RNA, which is then ‘translated’ to generate gene products that actually perform cellular functions. The transcription to RNA is referred to as “gene expression. ’ DNA microarrays are laboratory tools that can be used to measure the expression of a large proportion of the genes in an organism in a single experiment. Thus, generating the gene expressions of a large number of genes is relatively easy and inexpensive. In this project we investigate the possibility of training feed-forward neural networks to assign GO codes to genes based on their gene expressions. This, if implemented successfully, can greatly facilitate the process of gene classification and potentially save much time and other resources. We propose a measure of the generalization performance of neural nets on recognizing GO codes. Then we investigate different network structures and approaches to training them by evaluating their performance on a dataset of 599 genes with their gene expressions and assigned GO codes.
Labor and Corporate Governance : International Evidence from Restructuring Decisions

Our results highlight the importance of interaction among labor, management, and investors in shaping corporate governance. We find that strong union laws protect not only workers but also underperforming managers. Weak investor protection combined with strong union laws are conducive to worker-management alliances, wherein poorly performing firms sell assets to prevent large scale layoffs, garnering worker support to retain management. Major asset sales in weak investor protection countries lead to further deteriorating performance, whereas in strong investor protection countries they improve performance and lead to more large-scale layoffs. Strong union laws are less effective in preventing layoffs when financial leverage is high. Forthcoming in the Journal of Finance JEL Classification: K31, J53, G34, J63, K22
Deficiency in AMPK attenuates ethanol-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction through inhibition of autophagosome formation

Deficiency in AMPK attenuates ethanol-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction through inhibition of autophagosome formation
BIAT Scoring Procedures Understanding and Using the Brief Implicit Association Test : I . Recommended Scoring Procedures

Sriram and Greenwald (2009) introduced a Brief version of the Implicit Association Test (BIAT). The present research identified analytical best practices for overall psychometric performance of the BIAT. In 7 studies and multiple replications, we investigated analytic practices with several evaluation criteria: sensitivity to detecting known effects and group differences, internal consistency, relations with implicit measures of the same topic, relations with explicit measures of the same topic and other criterion variables, and resistance to an extraneous influence of average response time. Two data transformation algorithms, G and D, outperformed other approaches. This replicates and extends the strong prior performance of D compared to conventional analytic techniques (Greenwald, Nosek, & Banaji, 2003), and introduces G as a strong analytic method with minimal data treatment. We conclude with recommended analytic practices for standard use of the BIAT. Abstract = 136 words= 136 words
CHAPTER THREE : PHYLOGENY OF PAPILLOMAVIRUSES OBTAINED IN SKIN LESIONS OF CAPE MOUNTAIN ZEBRA ( Equus zebra zebra , Linnaeus , 1758 )

After clinical, histological and molecular diagnosis of sarcoid in free roaming Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra), phylogenetic analysis of the BPV DNA in the E2E5 region demonstrated that sequences corresponded to variants of either BPV-1 or BPV-2. Sequences obtained from lesions in Equidae cluster together as sister taxa to the rest of BPV-1 sequences obtained from Bovidae. The phylogenetic position of BPV-1 and BPV-2 is well nested within a supertaxon containing papillomavirusses infecting Artiodactyla and Equidae. The evolutionary analysis estimate that the most recent common ancestor for all BPV-1 dates back to 1.4 million years (Mya) and in BPV-2 0.55 Mya. While the the last common ancestor for BPV-1 and BPV-2 dates back to 5.34 Mya.
Spring 3-3-2019 Ordinary Differential Equation NeuralNetworks : Mathematics and Application using Diffeqflux

This paper has two objectives. 1. It simplifies the Mathematics behind a simple Neural Network. Furthermore it explores how Neural Networks can be modeled using Ordinary Differential Equations(ODE). 2. It implements a simple example of an ODE Neural network using diffeqflux.jl library. My paper is based on the paper "Neural Ordinary Differential equations"[1] paper and contains multiple extracts from this paper and hence the work in chapter 4 should not be considered original work as it aims to explain the mathematics in the original paper and all credit is due to the authors of the paper [1]. This paper[1] was among on the 5 papers to be recognized at the 2018 annual conference NeurIPS(Neural Information Processing Systems).
Rumors in the Social Network : Finding the Offenders Using Influence Maximization

In recent years, information sharing among the social network users has been increased tremendously. Sometimes false information called ‘Rumor’ becomes viral and causes different types of penalties including monetary loss in financial organization. On the other hand, Influence Maximization (IM) problem in the social network is based on viral marketing or word-of-mouth effect. In this paper, we have tried to fit IM problem to trace out the sources of rumor in the social network. We have also included a simulation based on
Relaxed Laser Control of Uncooled MIMO DWDM Systems for Low Power Consumption Datacommunication Links

A simulation based assessment is made of the benefits of using advanced modulation formats including Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) and Carrierless Amplitude/Phase Modulation (CAP) to ease laser control requirements of a recently proposed novel uncooled Multiple-input and Multiple-output (MIMO) Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (WDM) system. At a per channel bit rate of 25 Gb/s, the spectral efficiency improvements inherent to these schemes provide additional optical system power margin over NRZ modulation (0.4 dB for PAM-4 and 4.4 dB for CAP-16) for a link distance of 20 km. This allows the minimum channel spacing between channels to be reduced from 0.4 nm (NRZ) to 0.3 nm for PAM-4 and to 0.14 nm for CAP-16, this in turn allowing for a more stable operating region to be realised. Compared with a traditional 16 x 25 Gb/s DWDM system, a power consumption saving of 30% can be realised using NRZ while PAM-4 and CAP-16 offer 29% and 27% savings respectively.
! ery Performance Prediction and Effectiveness Evaluation Without Relevance Judgments : Two Sides of the Same Coin

Some methods have been developed for automatic effectiveness evaluation without relevance judgments. We propose to use those methods, and their combination based on a machine learning approach, for query performance prediction. Moreover, since predicting average precision as it is usually done in query performance prediction literature is sensitive to the reference system that is chosen, we focus on predicting the average of average precision values over several systems. Results of an extensive experimental evaluation on ten TREC collections show that our proposed methods outperform state-of-the-art query performance predictors.
Explanatory Factors of Credit Risk : Empirical Evidence from Tunisian Banks

In this paper we attempt to identify factors explaining Tunisian credit risk taking behaviour. Using GMM estimator technique as described by Bundell and Bond (1998) and retaining the main 10 commercial Tunisian banks during 20002013 periods, this paper examines bank specific, industry specific and macroeconomic factors that may influence bank credit risk. Results suggest that credit risk in Tunisian banks is significantly influenced by capital adequacy and operational efficiency. Indeed, banks with adequate capital and efficient management seem to hold low credit risk level. On the other hand, competitiveness among banks pushes risk-taking behaviour through developing risky activities to compensate the loss of revenues. Finally, we found that Tunisian bank credit risk-taking decisions are essentially determined by macroeconomic factors.
The incidence of nominal and real wage rigidity : An individual based sectoral approach

This paper presents estimates based on individual data of downward nominal and real wage rigidities for thirteen sectors in Belgium, Denmark, Spain and Portugal. Our methodology follows the approach recently developed for the International Wage Flexibility Project, whereby resistance to nominal and real wage cuts is measured through departures of observed individual wage change histograms from an estimated counterfactual wage change distribution that would have prevailed in the absence of rigidity. We evaluate the role of worker and firm characteristics in shaping wage rigidities. We also confront our estimates of wage rigidities to structural features of the labour markets studied, such as the wage bargaining level, variable pay policy and the degree of product market competition. We find that the use of firm-level collective agreements in countries with rather centralized wage formation reduces the degree of real wage rigidity. This finding suggests that some degree of decentralization within highly centralized countries allows firms to adjust wages downwards, when business conditions turn bad.
Human Nutrition and Metabolism Plasma Lipid Response to Hypolipidemic Diets in Young Healthy Non-Obese Men Varies with Body Mass Index 1

Lipid response to dietary fat is highly variable among individuals of a population. The aim of this study was to establish whether being overweight is one of the factors that determines this response. Forty-one non-obese healthy men were divided into two groups according to body mass index as follows: controls, õ25 kg/m; overweight, ú25 kg/m but õ30 kg/m. After consuming a saturated fat–rich diet (SAT diet: 38% fat, 20% saturated) for 4 wk, subjects were switched to a low fat diet [National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)-I diet: 28% fat, 10% saturated] for 4 wk and then to a monounsaturated fat–rich diet (MUFA diet: 38% fat, 22% monounsaturated) for 4 wk. Data were analyzed by Student’s t test and two-way ANOVA for repeated measures. After consuming the NCEP-I diet, the overweight subjects had a smaller decrease relative to the SAT diet period in plasma total cholesterol [00.30 vs. 00.67 mmol/L (07 vs. 016%), P õ 0.02] and low density lipoproteincholesterol concentrations [00.24 vs. 00.55 mmol/L (09 vs. 021%), P õ 0.04] than controls. However, in the overweight subjects, the MUFA diet produced a greater decrease in plasma triglycerides than in the controls relative to the SAT diet period [00.36 vs. 00.03 mmol/L (026 vs. 04%), P õ 0.006] and to the NCEP-I diet period [00.29 vs. 0.01 mmol/L (022 vs. 1%), P õ 0.01). Plasma cholesterol concentrations changed to a lesser extent, and triglyceride concentration to a greater extent, in overweight but non-obese young men than in those of normal weight in response to changes in dietary fat composition. Our data suggest that in the diet treatment of obese hyperlipemic subjects, it is more important for them to lose weight than to change the fat composition of their diets. J. Nutr. 128: 1144–1149, 1998.