Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cascade experiment and analysis on blade profile of modular high temperature gas‐cooler reactor compressor

Modular high‐temperature gas‐cooled reactor power station (MHTGR) is the most promising configurations for fourth‐generation nuclear technology. Aiming at the low accuracy of the performance prediction of MHTGR compressor, the paper intends to provide an experimental basis to have deep comprehension about the nexus of loss, passage structure and working conditions, including surface flow visualization, five‐hole probe measurement at the outlet section and surface pressure measurements under different conditions (blade camber angle, incidence angle). The experimentally measured data and images give a deep insight into the influence of blade camber and incidence on the flow structure, loss and blade loading. The vortex system is mainly shaped by the action of the pressure field. When the flow turning angle is large, the effect of the working fluid properties may be inconspicuous on the overall loss of the flow, rather than the tremendous impact on the boundary layer friction loss of attached flow as in the small blade chamber angle passage. For different vortices, the effect of each factor, which may cause losses, is also wax and wane.
Quantitative trait loci‐based genomics‐assisted prediction for the degree of apple fruit cover color

Apple fruit cover color is an important appearance trait determining fruit quality, high degree of fruit cover color or completely red fruit skin is also the ultimate breeding goal. MdMYB1 has repeatedly been reported as a major gene controlling apple fruit cover color. There are also multiple minor‐effect genes affecting degree of fruit cover color (DFC). This study was to identify genome‐wide quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and to develop genomics‐assisted prediction for apple DFC. The DFC phenotype data of 9,422 hybrids from five full‐sib families of Malus asiatica ‘Zisai Pearl’, M. domestica ‘Red Fuji’, ‘Golden Delicious’, and ‘Jonathan’ were collected in 2014–2017. The phenotype varied considerably among hybrids with the same MdMYB1 genotype. Ten QTLs for DFC were identified using MapQTL and bulked segregant analysis via sequencing. From these QTLs, ten candidate genes were predicted, including MdMYB1 from a year‐stable QTL on chromosome 9 of ‘Zisai Pearl’ and ‘Red Fuji’. Then, kompetitive allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) markers were designed on these candidate genes and 821 randomly selected hybrids were genotyped. The genotype effects of the markers were estimated. MdMYB1‐1 (represented by marker H162) exhibited a partial dominant allelic effect on MdMYB1‐2 and showed non‐allelic epistasis on markers H1245 and G6. Finally, a non‐additive QTL‐based genomics assisted prediction model was established for DFC. The Pearson's correlation coefficient between the genomic predicted value and the observed phenotype value was 0.5690. These results can be beneficial for apple genomics‐assisted breeding and may provide insights for understanding the mechanism of fruit coloration.
The U.S. Racial Structure and Ethno-Racial Inequality in Urban Neighborhood Crime, 2010–2013

Stark ethno-racial differences in reported neighborhood crime are a major facet of contemporary U.S. inequality. However, the most generalizable research on neighborhood inequality in crime across cities is only for 2000. Many of the underpinnings of crime have changed since 2000—increases in socioeconomic segregation, the Great Recession and attendant housing crisis, the continuation of the crime decline, shifting trends in incarceration and other types of social control, and small decreases in racial residential segregation. We provide a much-needed assessment of whether ethno-racial reported neighborhood crime disparities have increased, remained stable, or decreased in the contemporary period. We invoke a racial structural perspective that traces ethno-racial disparities in neighborhood crime to the divergent community conditions emblematic of the U.S. racial hierarchy. Using newly collected data for 8,557 neighborhoods in 71 large U.S. cities for 2010–2013, we demonstrate that violent and property crime is lower in White, African American, Latino, minority, and multiethnic neighborhoods than in 2000. However, smaller relative decreases in African American neighborhoods widened the relative crime gap from other ethno-racial communities. Supporting the racial structural perspective, large ethno-racial inequalities in neighborhood well-being account for most of the crime gaps, with disadvantage and residential lending being most important. This suggests that non-White neighborhoods need economic investments to reduce the harmful and inequitable consequences of neighborhood crime.
What Australia can learn from women’s police stations to prevent gender violence

This is the second of two briefs based on an Australian Research Council (ARC) discovery investigation on new ways to prevent gender-based violence. The first provided an overview of a world-first study into how the unique model of women’s police stations in Argentina responds to and prevents gender-based violence. This follow-up brief overviews the team’s findings from two surveys that sought to discover what Australia could learn from women’s police stations.
CO2 sequestration using bacterial surface layers

Natures unparalleled way of creating functional nanostructures through selfassembly has inspired the use of biomimetic methods to develop novel processes and materials. An interesting model system is formed by the self-assembly of the SbpA protein (Lysinibacillus sphaericus - ATCC 4525, MW 132 kDa) into surface layers (S-layers). Crystalline S-layers are known to mineralize CaCO3 on their surfaces, a process also responsible for so called ‘whiting events’ in lakes. Dffusion of CO2 to solution is the main source of carbon, which therefore identifies this process as a natural way for atmospheric carbon sequestration. In order to explore the mechanisms of CO2 sequestration, the formation of CaCO3 on immobilized crystalline S-layer arrays is analyzed using complementary surface science techniques. Structural information is obtained using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) while chemical information is obtained by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS). The use of UHV-compatible liquid cells during XAS measurements makes it possible to directly compare the results obtained by in-situ AFM and XAS. This work shows that the CaCO3 precipitation pathway on S-layers includes the formation and subsequent stabilization of Amorphous Calcium Carbonate (ACC) versus the thermodynamically most stable polymorph of CaCO3 – calcite. Furthermore ACC has been found to form and remain stable on S-layers at concentrations far below its known solubility limit. It is therefore concluded that S-layers both catalyze and stabilize the formation of ACC. Moreover, the experimental approach combining in situ XAS and AFM proves to be a powerful method to track biomolecular mechanisms with high spatial and temporal resolution.
Injury severity prediction model for two-wheeler crashes at mid-block road sections

Abstract Motorised two-wheelers (TW) have the highest proportion among vehicles in Chennai district of Tamil Nadu, and they are involved in a large number of fatal traffic crashes every year. We develop a machine learning model to predict injury severity of TW drivers involved in crashes at mid-block road sections, and thereby identify factors contributing to the severity. We used 7654 TW crash cases that occurred in Chennai from 2016 to 2018. We study the performance of two machine learning models random forest (RF) and Conditional inference forest (Cforest), in injury severity prediction and compared their performance with ordered probit (OP) model. Cforest outperforms both RF and OP models in predicting injury severity. We identify significant variables based on variable importance factor measure. Out of considered variables, type of colliding vehicle has the highest influence on crash severity followed by collision type, driver age, and visibility of the road. The Cforest model captures interaction effects that are missed by the other two models.
Integrating airborne remote sensing and field campaigns for ecology and Earth system science

In recent years, the availability of airborne imaging spectroscopy (hyperspectral) data has expanded dramatically. The high spatial and spectral resolution of these data uniquely enable spatially explicit ecological studies including species mapping, assessment of drought mortality and foliar trait distributions. However, we have barely begun to unlock the potential of these data to use direct mapping of vegetation characteristics to infer subsurface properties of the critical zone. To assess their utility for Earth systems research, imaging spectroscopy data acquisitions require integration with large, coincident ground‐based datasets collected by experts in ecology and environmental and Earth science. Without coordinated, well‐planned field campaigns, potential knowledge leveraged from advanced airborne data collections could be lost. Despite the growing importance of this field, documented methods to couple such a wide variety of disciplines remain sparse. We coordinated the first National Ecological Observatory Network Airborne Observation Platform (AOP) survey performed outside of their core sites, which took place in the Upper East River watershed, Colorado. Extensive planning for sample tracking and organization allowed field and flight teams to update the ground‐based sampling strategy daily. This enabled collection of an extensive set of physical samples to support a wide range of ecological, microbiological, biogeochemical and hydrological studies. We present a framework for integrating airborne and field campaigns to obtain high‐quality data for foliar trait prediction and document an archive of coincident physical samples collected to support a systems approach to ecological research in the critical zone. This detailed methodological account provides an example of how a multi‐disciplinary and multi‐institutional team can coordinate to maximize knowledge gained from an airborne survey, an approach that could be extended to other studies. The coordination of imaging spectroscopy surveys with appropriately timed and extensive field surveys, along with high‐quality processing of these data, presents a unique opportunity to reveal new insights into the structure and dynamics of the critical zone. To our knowledge, this level of co‐aligned sampling has never been undertaken in tandem with AOP surveys and subsequent studies utilizing this archive will shed considerable light on the breadth of applications for which imaging spectroscopy data can be leveraged.
Beyond the tipping point: the curvilinear relationships of transformational leadership, leader–member exchange, and emotional exhaustion in the French police

ABSTRACT As one promise of transformational leadership (TFL), it inspires public servants to perform beyond expectations and embrace needed change. However, it remains unclear whether TFL is linked to reduced stress and exhaustion or whether ‘performance beyond expectations’ comes at the expense of followers’ increased stress. In line with the ‘too-much-of-a-good-thing’ effect, this article contributes to our understanding of leadership in public organizations by investigating the curvilinear effect of TFL on emotional exhaustion through interpersonal relationships with the leader (LMX). The results based on a two-wave study of 806 French police officers support the expectation of a curvilinear relationship.
Clinical Features And Management Of Neutrophilic Asthma

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease with several distinct phenotypes, characterized by different immunopathological pathways, clinical presentation, severity of the disease and response to treatment. The phenotypes of asthma include eosinophilic, neutrophilic, mixed granulocytic and paucigranulocytic asthma. Approximately 3.6-10% of patients with asthma have severe refractory disease, which is uncontrolled on high doses of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β2-agonists. Some of these individuals with severe disease suffer from neutrophilic phenotype. Neutrophilic asthma is a severe and persistent disease, with frequent exacerbations and hospitalizations. It is characterized by the presence of high levels of neutrophils in the lungs and airways and fixed airflow obstruction. The T Helper 17 lymphocytes (Th17) cytokines, Interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-17F play an important role in the pathogenesis of neutrophilic asthma. IL-17 plays a key role in the immunophysiology of neutrophilic asthma by expressing the secretion of chemoattractant cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules and growth factors which lead to the recruitment and activation of neutrophils. Activated neutrophils release multiple proteinases, cytokines, chemokines and reactive oxygen species which cause airway epithelial cell injury, inflammation, hyperresponsiveness and airway remodeling. Neutrophilic asthma is unresponsive to high dose inhaled corticosteroids and to novel monoclonal antibody therapies. There is need for targeted precision biologics and other treatment modalities for patients with neutrophilic asthma, such as long-acting phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors, macrolide antibiotics and bronchial thermoplasty.
Adaptive Wavelet Estimations in the Convolution Structure Density Model

Using kernel methods, Lepski and Willer study a convolution structure density model and establish adaptive and optimal Lp risk estimations over an anisotropic Nikol’skii space (Lepski, O.; Willer, T. Oracle inequalities and adaptive estimation in the convolution structure density model. Ann. Stat.2019, 47, 233–287). Motivated by their work, we consider the same problem over Besov balls by wavelets in this paper and first provide a linear wavelet estimate. Subsequently, a non-linear wavelet estimator is introduced for adaptivity, which attains nearly-optimal convergence rates in some cases.
Rol del docente y estudiante en la educación virtual

The recent and accelerating advancement of technology has enhanced the content and quality of all fields in massive ways, especially in the realm of education. This essay addresses the role of the teacher and the student in virtual learning environments, how the role of the teacher influences the success of the student-centered training activity and how, with their autonomy, they can develop skills in the use of technological tools and management of strategies that allow them to obtain the necessary knowledge and skills in the professional field in which they are being trained; that is, the student himself assumes the leading role that implies a lot of will for the development of individual activities and jobs, as well as shared ones. The aforementioned allows to build on the strengths of all participants in the collaboration process. In addition to this, personal experience related to the role played in facilitating virtual courses at UNAN Managua - FAREM Esteli is shared.
A Search for SO2 on Mars from Infrared Spectroscopy

Introduction: Sulfur-bearing molecules have been found at the surface of Mars by the Viking landers (Toulmin et al., 1977) and more recently by the Opportunity rover (Squyres et al., 2004). Still, no gaseous sulfurbearing molecule has been ever detected in the Martian atmosphere. Upper limits have been reported by Krasnopolsky (2005) from thermal infrared spectroscopy (1 ppb over the Tharsis region) and by Nakagawa et al. (2009) in the submillimeter range (2 ppb, integrated over the disk). In this abstract, we present a preliminary analysis of ground-based data obtained by high-resolution imaging spectroscopy in the thermal infrared. TEXES Observations: Observations were performed on October 10-15, 2009, using the Texas Echelon Cross Echelle Spectrograph (TEXES ) instrument at the InfraRed Telescope Facility (IRTF) at Mauna Kea Observatory. TEXES is a high-resolution imaging spectrometer operating in the 5 25 m range, with a spectral resolving power higher than 70,000, and a spatial resolution of about 1 arcsec after convolution. TEXES observing campaigns have been performed since 2002 for simultaneously monitoring the spatial and seasonal variations of hydrogen peroxide H2O2 and water vapor, using the 1227-1245 cm range (Encrenaz et al., 2004, 2005, 2008, 2010). Maps of the Martian disk have been achieved by using a 11.5 x 8 arcsec slit, aligned with the celestial N-S axis, and by stepping the telescope by 0.5 arcsec from west to east. Individual maps, recorded in 10 minutes, were co-added over a total of 3 to 4 hours. SO2 data: During our October 2009 run (Ls = 352°), we recorded the 1350-1365 cm-1 range in order to search for SO2 on Mars. Because our method allows us to map the minor species over the Martian disk, we intend to derive at least an upper limit of the SO2 mixing ratio as a function of latitude and longitude near equinox. A special attention will be devoted to the high northern latitudes where gypsum has been detected by the OMEGA instrument aboard Mars Express (Langevin et al., 2005). The same method was used to determine an upper limit of CH4 on Mars (Encrenaz et al., 2005). Figure 1 shows an example of a spectrum of Mars near 1354 cm where strong transitions of SO2 are present. This spectrum corresponds to a single pixel in an area of high continuum. Preliminary estimates indicate that, from the single SO2 transition at 1353.98 cm, an upper limit of a few ppb can be expected from this spectrum. As many SO2 transitions can be used in the 1350-1365 cm range, it should be possible to infer, for the SO2 mixing ratio, an upper limit of 1 to a few ppb over most of the Martian disk (except possibly at the limb).
Efficacy and Safety of Everolimus With Reduced Tacrolimus in Liver Transplant Recipients: 24-month Results From the Pooled Analysis of 2 Randomized Controlled Trials

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background and Methods. Data from 2 randomized liver transplant trials (N = 772; H2304 [deceased donor, n = 488], H2307 [living donor, n = 284]) were pooled to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of everolimus with reduced tacrolimus (EVR + rTAC) versus standard tacrolimus (sTAC) regimen at month 24. Results. EVR + rTAC was comparable to sTAC for composite efficacy failure of treated biopsy-proven acute rejection, graft loss, or death (9.8% versus 10.8%; difference, −1.0%; 95% confidence interval, −5.4 to 3.4; P = 0.641) at month 24. EVR + rTAC was superior to sTAC for the mean change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from randomization to month 24 (−8.37 versus −13.40 mL/min/1.73 m2; P = 0.001). A subanalysis of renal function by chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage at randomization showed significantly lower decline in eGFR from randomization to month 24 for patients with CKD stage 1/2 (eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) in EVR + rTAC group versus sTAC (−12.82 versus −17.67 mL/min/1.73 m2, P = 0.009). In patients transplanted for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) beyond Milan criteria, HCC recurrence was numerically lower although not statistically significant with EVR + rTAC versus sTAC group (5.9% [1 of 17] versus 23.1% [6 of 26], P = 0.215), while comparable in patients within Milan criteria (2.9% [3 of 102] versus 2.1% [2 of 96], P = 1.000), irrespective of pretransplant alpha-fetoprotein levels. Conclusions. EVR + rTAC versus sTAC showed comparable efficacy and safety with significantly better renal function, particularly in patients with normal/mildly decreased renal function (CKD stage 1/2) at randomization and a trend toward lower HCC recurrence in patients transplanted with HCC beyond Milan at month 24. Further long-term data would be required to confirm these results.
The Ability of Selected European Countries to Face the Impending Economic Crisis Caused by COVID-19 in the Context of the Global Economic Crisis of 2008

This paper is devoted to the ability of selected European countries to face the potential economic crisis caused by COVID-19. Just as other pandemics in the past (e.g., SARS, Spanish influenza, etc.) have had negative economic effects on countries, the current COVID-19 pandemic is causing the beginning of another economic crisis where countries need to take measures to mitigate the economic effects. In our analysis, we focus on the impact of selected indicators on the GDP of European countries using a linear panel regression to identify significant indicators to set appropriate policies to eliminate potential negative consequences on economic growth due to the current recession. The European countries are divided into four groups according to the measures they took in the fiscal consolidation of the last economic crisis of 2008. In the analysis, we observed how the economic crisis influences GDP, country indebtedness, deficit, tax collection, interest rates, and the consumer confidence index. Our findings include that corporate income tax recorded the biggest decline among other tax collections. The interest rate grew in the group of countries most at risk from the economic crisis, while the interest rate fell in the group of countries that seemed to be safe for investors. The consumer confidence index can be considered interesting, as it fell sharply in the group of countries affected only minimally by the crisis (Switzerland, Finland).
A qualitative analysis of Finnish RE students’ perceptions of their professional development during their initial teacher education

ABSTRACT This article studies three RE (religious education) student teachers’ perceptions about their professional development from the beginning to the end of their initial teacher education. The focus of study was to investigate via an inductive content analysis if there are the same kind of phases in RE teacher education and how those phases are in relation to their training. Based on their characterisations of professional development, three phases were found: an explorative phase, a confirmatory phase and an induction phase. In the first phase, the typical things were uncertainty about the teaching profession and the importance of managing the content knowledge. In the second phase, it was observed by the interviewees that theory and practice could be combined and the development of different skills were seen as important. In the third phase, the interviewees perceived gaining experience from practice and combining their personal life and career as relevant. Finally, the interviewees believed that their professional development will continuously evolve. RE student teachers saw the various elements of their teacher education as important factors in all the phases.