Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mapping types of macromodel to types of macro user

This paper expands on a list of different types of macroeconomic model proposed by Olivier Blanchard. The paper distinguishes between models that range between simple and complex, and between models that range in their focus between data consistency and theoretical consistency. While model users in the private sector and the public sector use a range of different types of model, academics confine themselves largely to models that are internally consistent in terms of their theory. The paper argues that the use of a wider range of models outside academia can no longer be explained by the novelty of DSGE models, and instead reflects some intrinsic advantages of other types of model. Finally the paper considers whether this difference in model use between sectors is beneficial.
Effective Polysulfide Rejection by Dipole‐Aligned BaTiO3 Coated Separator in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Although the exceptional theoretical specific capacity (1672 mAh g−1) of elemental sulfur makes lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries attractive for upcoming rechargeable battery applications (e.g., electrical vehicles, drones, unmanned aerial vehicles, etc.), insufficient cycle lives of Li–S cells leave a substantial gap before their wide penetration into commercial markets. Among the key features that affect the cyclability, the shuttling process involving polysulfides (PS) dissolution is most fatal. In an effort to suppress this chronic PS shuttling, herein, a separator coated with poled BaTiO3 or BTO particles is introduced. Permanent dipoles that are formed in the BTO particles upon the application of an electric field can effectively reject PS from passing through the separator via electrostatic repulsion, resulting in significantly improved cyclability, even when a simple mixture of elemental sulfur and conductive carbon is used as a sulfur cathode. The coating of BTO particles also considerably suppresses thermal shrinkage of the poly(ethylene) separator at high temperatures and thus enhances the safety of the cell adopting the given separator. The incorporation of poled particles can be universally applied to a wide range of rechargeable batteries (i.e., metal‐air batteries) that suffer from cross‐contamination of charged species between both electrodes.
Interaction between the Financial Market and Economic Policies: An Approach Based on the Crisis Caused by the COVID-19 in Brazil

The COVID-19 has social and economic impacts, especially in emerging countries like Brazil. The Brazilian’s context was different from the rest of the world, because while the other countries have to manage social and economic crises, Brazil also had to manage a political crisis caused by the president Jair Bolsonaro. The study aimed to analyze the importance of the fiscal, monetary and foreign exchange policies adopted by the Brazilian government and its effect on the stock exchange. To analyze the impacts of the COVID-19 in Brazilian economy, a time series analyses was conducted with the Vector Autoregressive Model. The variables analyzed by the study were: government spending, basic interest rate, Ibo Vespa index and exchange rate. The result highlights the relevance of expansive fiscal policy as a positive driver for investment intentions in the financial market. Although this behavior is not easy to understand, an example that can support this result is the indirect purchase of government bonds through the Central Bank.
Dean Vortex for Laminar Flows in Curved Pipes with Various Cross-Sections

Curved pipes flows are encountered in different areas such as heat transfer, chaotic mixing, separation of mixtures in pipes, or blood circulation among others and exhibit a variety of characteristics depending on the ranges of Dean numbers and pipe curvatures. Studies on curved pipes flows usually consider the cases of circular, elliptical, and rectangular shapes for the cross sections of the pipe. The present work extends the availability of asymptotic analytical solutions to new ranges of cross-sectional shapes while considering fully developed steady state flows at low Dean numbers. The new shapes are given by a polar equation R* (q) satisfying the relation 1-R^(*2) (q)+dR^(*y) (q)sin(yq)=0 where d and y are parameters. The zero-order azimuthal velocity profiles for various cross-sections are given by exact analytical solutions. Solutions for the nonhomogeneous biharmonic equation for the secondary flows are given by using exact expressions for the particular solutions. Furthermore, the Fourier series decomposition of the solution is adopted to determine the integration constants that allow satisfying the non-slip boundary conditions. Solutions are presented for semi triangular (y=3) , square (y=4), and pentagonal (y=5) cross sections shapes. It is found that the velocity distribution and the Dean’s vortexes intensities are modified in function of the cross-section shapes.
A Period-Aware Routing Method for IEEE 802.1Qbv TSN Networks

The IEEE 802.1Qbv standard provides deterministic delay and low jitter guarantee for time-critical communication using a precomputed cyclic transmission schedule. Computing such transmission schedule requires routing the flows first, which significantly affects the quality of the schedule. So far off-the-shelf algorithms like load-balanced routing, which minimize the maximum scheduled traffic load (MSTL), have been used to accommodate more time-triggered traffic. However, they do not consider that the bandwidth utilization of periodic flows is decentralized and their criteria for bottleneck of scheduling are imprecise. In this paper, we firstly explore the combinability among different periods of flows, which can measure their ability to share bandwidth without conflict. Then, we propose a novel period-aware routing algorithm to reduce the scheduling bottleneck, thus more flows can be accommodated. The experiment results show that the success rate of scheduling is significantly improved compared to shortest path routing and load balanced routing.
COMBINING FLOOD DAMAGE MITIGATION WITH TIDAL ENERGY GENERATION: LOWERING THE EXPENSE OF STORM SURGE BARRIER COSTS

Storm surge barriers across tidal inlets with navigation gates and tidal-flow gates to mitigate interior flood damage (when closed) and minimize ecological change (when open) are expensive. Daily high velocity tidal flows through the tidal-flow gate openings can drive hydraulic turbines to generate electricity. Money earned by tidal energy generation can be used to help pay for the high costs of storm surge barriers. This paper describes grey, green, and blue design functions for barriers at tidal estuaries. The purpose of this paper is to highlight all three functions of a storm surge barrier and their necessary tradeoffs in design when facing the unknown future of rising seas.
EVALUATION OF THE USE OF MALANG SAND AS A FILTER MATERIAL ON WATER QUALITY, PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES AND PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF MUD CRAB Scylla serrata

Mud crab Scylla serrata is one of crustacean commodities with high economic value. One of the unsolved obstacles in mud crabs cultivation is crabs’ stress level caused by the declining water quality. The recirculating system is a method for maintaining water quality throughout the rearing period of culture crab. This system can use a variety of physical filter materials, such as zeolite, sand, and other materials. This study aimed to determine the amount of malang sand as a physical filter which positively affect the physiological responses and production performance of mud crabs. This research was carried out using a recirculating system with a completely randomized design conducted in five treatments with three replicates, i.e., malang sand with a weight of 0 kg (control), 5 kg, 10 kg, 15 kg, and 20 kg. The results proved that the best physiological response and production performance of mud crab was observed at malang sand treatment with a weight of 5 kg. This treatment showed specific growth rate, absolute growth rate for body weight, absolute growth rate for body length, and the survival rate of mud crabs with the highest value of 0.18±0.061%, 0.13±0.05 g/day, 0.0016±0.00006 cm/day, and 77.77%, respectively, yet it had the lowest feed conversion ratio of 3.76±004. In addition, the 5 kg treatment had water quality parameters in the tolerable ranges for mud crabs’ growth.
One-step synthesis of silver nanoparticles embedded with polyethylene glycol as thin films

Abstract Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) embedded and stabilized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) were synthesized as colloids by heating and exposure to sunlight (direct and indirect) irradiation as green method. The deposition of Ag NP-PEGs onto Si-wafers was also made using the electrospray ionization deposition technique. The generating of Ag NP-PEGs as colloids was examined by UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The chemical composition of the resulted nanocomposites was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and that of thin-film surfaces by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Structure–property relationships of Ag-PEG nanocomposites prepared by heating were discussed in dependence on the time of heating. The UV–visible results confirmed the successful synthesis of spherical Ag NPs with absorption peaks at a wavelength of λ = 413 nm for the heating method and at λ = 418 as well as 449 nm for direct and indirect exposure to the sunlight. Ag-PEG nanocomposite thin films showed excellent antimicrobial activity. These results revealed that the Ag-PEG nanocomposites thin films can be used as potential materials in biomedical applications.
Build Orientation Optimization Based on Weighted Analysis of Local Surface Region Curvature

Build orientation becomes a hot issue in 3D printing, which has a significant impact on the surface quality, support structure and final cost of the fabricated model. In this paper, we focus our attention on the surface quality of the part when fabricated by a 3D printer under certain specific build orientation. A novel method using curvature shift is proposed to search local regions with obvious curvature changes of the model printed. Based on curvature shift strategy, the model is divided into separate regions which can be treated differently. Every triangle facet of the regions is given different weight factor by calculating the average curvature of each region. Weighted facets is introduced in building volume error function. Candidate build orientation can be obtained by the eigenvalue decomposition and the optimal build orientation is the one which leads to the minimal error of the function. From the case study, the method proposed gets a smaller error with a lower printing cost and time, which means the model surface in higher weighted regions gets a higher surface quality when printed.
A simple ultrasono-synthetic route of PbSe-graphene-TiO2 ternary composites to improve the photocatalytic reduction of CO2

ABSTRACT The present work investigates the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CH3OH with a PbSe-G-TiO2 photocatalyst. A heterogeneous PbSe-G-TiO2 nanocomposite was prepared via ultra-sonication and was characterized via XRD, SEM, HRTEM, Raman, XPS, and DRS measurements. The photocatalytic efficiencies of the prepared sample were further characterized by GC for the photoreduction of CO2 to CH3OH under UV and visible light. The prepared PbSe-G-TiO2 ternary nanocomposites with an optimum GO loading of 6% exhibited outstanding photocatalytic activity (4.35 µmol g−1 h−1) after 48 hours of reaction. This indicated that the photocatalytic efficiency was mostly dependent on the weight ratio of graphene, sacrificial material Na2SO3/Na2S, and the type of reactant. This work provides an accessible way to improve the response of a graphene-based TiO2 photocatalyst to UV/visible light and to facilitate its application in environmental remediation.
Polygenic and environmental determinants of tics in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children

Tourette syndrome (TS) is caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Yet, little is known about the interplay of these factors in the occurrence of tics. We investigated whether polygenic risk score (PRS) of TS and pregnancy‐related factors together enhance the explained variance of tic occurrence in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (Ncases = 612; Ncontrols = 4,201; 50% male; mean age 13.8 years). We included a cumulative adverse pregnancy risk score, maternal anxiety and depression, and maternal smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy. We investigated possible joint effects of genetic and pregnancy‐related risk factors using a multivariable approach, and explored mediation effects between the pregnancy‐related risk factors in explaining tic presence. The PRS and the cumulative adverse pregnancy risk score, maternal anxiety, or maternal depression explained significantly more variance of tic presence compared to models including only the PRS. Furthermore, we found that the cumulative adverse pregnancy risk score mediated the association between several pregnancy‐related factors (maternal anxiety, depression, and smoking) and tics. The combination of a PRS and pregnancy‐related risk factors explained more variance of tics in a general population cohort compared to studying these factors in isolation.
Bacteria inactivation effect of ions generated by dc corona discharge

Summary form only given. Non-thermal plasma generated at atmospheric pressure produces a complex effect caused by reactive molecules, charges, electric fields, and ultraviolet radiation. The role of these components has been studied, and it was noticed, that inactivation efficiency highly depends on presence of charged species for room air conditions, but radiation effect in air plasma is almost always negligible. To study the role of plasma-produced charged particles, we have used DC corona discharge, where stable and uniform generation of various neutral active species and ions is possible.
Synthesis of Novel Type Terpolymer Poly(Eugenol-co-methylmethacrylate-co-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) Using Photopolymerization Method: Characterization and Investigation of Thermal Properties

In this study, it has been demonstrated that Poly(Eugenol-co-methylmethacrylate-co-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) terpolymers were successfully synthesized by using photopolymerization method. This synthesis was carried out in one step at ambient temperature, benzophenone and triethyl amine was used as the photoinitiator and hydrogen donor, respectively. Methyl methacrylate (MMA), 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and Eugenol (Eg) were used as monomer in photopolymerization. Terpolymers are named as F-BAP1, F-BAP2, F-BAP3 and F-BAP4 according to the ratio of monomers used. Structural characterization and thermal properties of the synthesized terpolymers were carried out by FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy), 1H-NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy), TG-DTG (Thermogravimetry-Differential Thermogravimetry) and DSC (Differential scanning calorimetry) methods. Characterization of molecular weight distributions were determined by viscometric method. SEM (Scanning electron microscope) was used for surface analysis. According to the data obtained from thermal analysis, two degradation steps are seen in thermograms of the terpolymers except FBAP-2. The maximum degradation temperature of F-BAP 2 is 422 oC, the first degradation temperature of the other terpolymers between 250-280 oC and the second one between 421-427 oC.
Intervening Role of Metacognition to Improve Task performance in Prospective Teachers: An Experimental Study

The teachers are trained with the aim to provide the necessary knowledge and skills that could help them in dealing with difficulties that they face during teaching, from the planning of a lesson to its implementation. All those skills could be developed among prospective teachers during the phase of their learning. The current study was supposeded to assess the implementation of such skills in classrooms and then measure its effect on the students’ performance. For this purpose, a quasi-experiment was carried out. Consequently, two intact groups enrolled in the third semester of B.Ed. honors at a public university were considered as a sample of the study. Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) by Schraw and Dennison (1994) was adapted to test Metacognition. Parallel to this, the researcher developed rubrics and observation sheets to assess students’ performance of tasks. Results of the current research reflected that metacognition development has a significant effect on the task performance of students who received the intervention. In light of these results, it is suggested that teacher training institutes should consider the development of Metacognition among their students. Teachers should incorporate different techniques that help them in inculcate metacognition development among their students.
Corporate Governance Mechanisms in Commercial Banks of Nepal

Corporate governance in banking sector has received great attention among policymakers, practitioners and academicians in Nepal due to governance failures in some financial institutions in recent period. This study attempts to examine the corporate governance mechanisms adopted by Nepalese commercial banks by using a panel data of 30 commercial banks from 2012 to 2016. The internal corporate governance mechanisms are board structure and composition, board committees, director independence, transparency and disclosure, director remuneration, and shareholders rights. The study employs ANOVA test to examine differences in corporate governance mechanisms among state-owned, joint venture, and domestic banks. The study findings reveal that the corporate governance practices in financial institutions of Nepal is somewhat satisfactory; however, significant improvements are required especially in case of state-owned banks and local private banks. In order to achieve the policy of government of Nepal to enhance financial system stability, one of the major areas for policy focus should be to promote enhancement of corporate governance standards in the financial institutions as the stability of the banking sector depends largely on corporate governance practices they adopt. Promoting director independence, improving transparency and disclosure, and enhancing shareholders’ right are found to be important for improving standard of corporate governance in Nepal.
Effect of products’ startup sound on repurchase intention

Sound design can enhance industrial products’ emotional value because sound plays a functional role and also provides an emotional experience. Nevertheless, limited research has been conducted on product sound, especially startup sounds—the first sounds heard when a product is touched. This study focused on the possibility that attachment to a product could be created through startup sounds, which could consequently create loyalty. We verified the hypothesis that strength of the startup sound’s impression affects repurchase intention by using personal computer (PC), robot vacuum cleaner (VC), and car (CA) as research objects. To prevent the subject from being overly conscious of startup sounds, we focused research in an actual consumer environment, not an experimental environment. Thus, PC and VC’s odds ratios were ≥1.7, supporting the hypothesis, but CA showed no significant difference. We conclude that through proper startup sound design, loyalty to a product can be increased.
Score Increase and Partial-Credit Validity When Administering Multiple-Choice Tests Using an Answer-Until-Correct Format

There are numerous benefits to answer-until-correct (AUC) approaches to multiple-choice testing, not the least of which is the straightforward allotment of partial credit. However, the benefits of granting partial credit can be tempered by the inevitable increase in test scores and by fears that such increases are further contaminated by a large random guessing component. We have measured the effects of using the immediate feedback assessment technique (IF-AT), a commercially available AUC response system, on the scores of a typical first-year chemistry multiple-choice test. We find that with a particular commonly used scoring scheme the test scores from IF-AT deployment are 6–7 percentage points higher than from Scantron deployment. This amount is less than that suggested by previous studies, where the mark increase was calculated in a purely post hoc manner and thus neglected affective changes of students’ behavior associated with the IF-AT technique. Furthermore, we have strong evidence that partial cr.
Direct Predictive Speed Control of Salient PMSM Drives in Constant Torque and Constant Power Regimes for Electric Vehicles Applications

A direct speed control of salient permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives in constant torque and constant power regimes for electric vehicles applications is presented. The proposed speed control scheme is derived from model predictive control approach where both rotor speed and stator current are formulated in a single objective function that is periodically computed to attain the PMSM drive optimum switching states. The dynamic model of the PMSM intrinsically encompasses the unknown disturbance, which should be rejected for high-performance speed control especially in transient conditions. Consequently, the extended modified augmented state Kalman filter (ASKF) is incorporated in the proposed scheme to enhance the transient performance of the salient PMSM drive. Finally, the proposed speed control strategy reveals a fast-transient speed response when compared to the conventional dual current loop PI-based speed controller over extended speed range and load torque variations. The computer simulation conducted using MATLAB/Simulink and experimental results obtained using PMSM laboratory prototype are presented considering constant torque and constant power regions to confirm the efficacy of the proposed speed control strategy.
The Value of the Tax Deferral Option

This study explores the value of the tax deferral option. By examining ex-day stock-price-change ratios for taxable stock dividends in Taiwan, we find that the tax deferral option is valuable to investors. For a $1 taxable stock dividend, the tax deferral option produces 33.9¢ in tax savings, which suggests a tax deferral parameter of 11.3%. We also find that stocks with the tax deferral option have higher trading volumes around ex-days than those without this option, and that higher investor-level tax rates lead to higher value of the tax deferral option. We contribute to the literature by cleanly determining the value of the tax deferral option; our result is not confounded by the restart option.
Governance of Health Care Services: A Critical Understanding of Federal Experiences from Central Nepal

People in different locality interact, perceive, and experience the government and governance through the government’s various service delivery mechanisms mainly, which affect them in their locale. Governance in the health sector can serve as an essential and critical window through which we can glance at the situation of governance in a given society. Multiple voices from the actors involved in delivering health care services and health service users portray the current emerging situation of health governance, especially, during the initial years of implementation of federal system in Nepal. In portraying the current health governance scenario in the study areas, this article shows how people’s experience of forms of governance affects their uptake of health care services. It uses micro-level ethnographic information to look at the broader issue of health governance.