Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discrepancy between two-dimensional and three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography for the planning of endovascular coiling of small cerebral aneurysms <5 mm

Background To investigate the discrepancy between two-dimensional digital subtraction angiography and three-dimensional rotational angiography for small (<5 mm) cerebral aneurysms and the impact on decision making among neuro-interventional experts as evaluated by online questionnaire. Materials and methods Eight small (<5 mm) ruptured aneurysms were visually identified in 16 image sets in either two-dimensional or three-dimensional format for placement in a questionnaire for 11 invited neuro-interventionalists. For each set, two questions were posed: Question 1: “Which of the following is the preferred treatment choice: simple coiling, balloon remodeling or stent assisted coiling? ”; Question 2: “Is it achievable to secure the aneurysm with pure simple coiling? ” The discrepancies of angio-architecture parameters and treatment choices between two-dimensional-digital subtraction angiography and three-dimensional rotational angiography were evaluated. Results In all eight cases, the neck images via three-dimensional rotational angiography were larger than two-dimensional-digital subtraction angiography with a mean difference of 0.95 mm. All eight cases analyzed with three-dimensional rotational angiography, but only one case with two-dimensional-digital subtraction angiography were classified as wide-neck aneurysms with dome-to-neck ratio < 1.5. The treatment choices based on the two-dimensional or three-dimensional information were different in 56 of 88 (63.6%) paired answers. Simple coiling was the preferred choice in 66 (75%) and 26 (29.6%) answers based on two-dimensional and three-dimensional information, respectively. Three types of angio-architecture with a narrow gap between the aneurysm sidewall and parent artery were proposed as an explanation for neck overestimation with three-dimensional rotational angiography. Conclusions Aneurysm neck overestimation with three-dimensional rotational angiography predisposed neuro-interventionalists to more complex treatment techniques. Additional two-dimensional information is crucial for endovascular treatment planning for small cerebral aneurysms.
Genetic analysis of natural populations of the marine diazotrophic cyanobacterium Trichodesmium

The genetic diversity of Trichodesmium, a marine nitrogen-fixing non-heterocystous cyanobacterium of great ecological importance, was examined using the partial gene sequences of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (16S rDNA) gene and the regulatory gene hetR. Different species and morphotypes (fusiform and spherical colonies) of Trichodesmium were collected in the northern Caribbean Sea, the central Atlantic Ocean and southern Pacific Ocean. The trichome morphologies were observed with light microscopy before DNA extraction and PCR amplification. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA revealed that all cyanobacterial sequences from the colonies of Trichodesmium spp. were very closely related to the laboratory culture of Trichodesmium sp. NIBB 1067. The overall results from the hetR analysis were congruent with that of 16S rDNA, but the variation in nucleotide sequence between different species was higher within the hetR gene. The sequence data showed that three main clades were represented. One clade comprised sequences from Trichodesmium hildebrandtii Gomont and Trichodesmium thiebautii Gomont (including both its fusiform and spherical colony forms). Sequences from Trichodesmium contortum Wille and Trichodesmium tenue Wille constituted a second clade. The third clade contained Trichodesmium erythraeum Ehrenberg together with the two laboratory strains of this species, Trichodesmium sp. NIBB 1067 and Trichodesmium sp. IMS 101.
3D Point Cloud and BIM-Based Reconstruction for Evaluation of Project by As-Planned and As-Built

Progress management of a construction project can detect changes early by visualizing the progress of the project, as it is important to be capable of predicting the success or failure of future project objectives. However, to perform reliable progress management tasks, accurate measurement data is required. In this study, the basic principle of the evaluation of project progress was performed through the 3D point cloud and the 4D attributes of BIM. The evaluation of project progress proposed in this study was based on as-built data to assess the progress of the project site. The specific improvements via the proposed process for this study in the construction project-progress control area were as follows: (1) visualization of construction project progress, (2) calculation of project as-built quantity, and (3) evaluation of a project’s progress. This study improved the efficiency and productivity in the management of a construction project through detection of the progress process. It provided easy monitoring of the overall project status, such as productivity analysis, progress rate and quality verifications, and easy identification of the problems created and foreseeable engineering tasks.
Elevated pCO2 affects N-metabolism of young poplar plants (Populus tremula × P. alba) differently at deficient and sufficient N-supply.

• The effects of N-availability and elevated atmospheric CO 2 partial pressure ( pCO2 ) on growth, allometry and N-metabolism of poplar plants are reported here. • Poplar plants were grown hydroponically at deficient and sufficient N-supply under ambient and elevated pCO2 . The N-fluxes within the plants were estimated by comparing the fate of newly acquired 15 N-NO3 - in plants either severely N-limited or with sufficient N-supply. • At deficient N-supply, plants accumulated less biomass and exhibited an increased root : shoot ratio compared with sufficient N-supply; a larger fraction of newly acquired 15 N was allocated to the youngest leaves immediately after exchange of the nutrient solution. Increasing the external N-supply from deficient to sufficient shifted the site of nitrate reduction from roots to leaves. • Elevated pCO2 increased total biomass and the root : shoot ratio at deficient N-supply, but had no effect at sufficient N-supply. Elevated pCO2 decreased rates of N-uptake in both treatments. Increased root : shoot ratio at deficient N-supply coincided with enhanced nitrate reduction in the root and elevated pCO2 also enhanced the allocation of newly acquired 15 N to the youngest leaves. Root nitrate reduction as a possible factor controlling the root : shoot ratio and N-allocation is discussed.
Improved silver staining of plant proteins, RNA and DNA in polyacrylamide gels

A new modification of silver staining is presented which utilizes two chemical properties of thiosulfate: image enhancement by pretreatment of fixed gels, and formation of soluble silver complexes which prevents unspecific background staining during image development. This procedure provides high sensitivity for proteins, RNA and DNA in the nanogram range on a colorless, transparent background. The performance of this method is documented by staining one‐and two‐dimensional patterns of plant leaf proteins. Moreover, we achieved, for the first time, the detection of the non‐structural, tobacco mosaic virus‐specific 126 kDa protein directly in the one‐dimensional protein pattern of infected protoplasts by a staining procedure.
Field oviposition rates and egg load dynamics of pollen beetles (Meligethes aeneus Fab.) (Colepotera: Nitidulidae)

Abstract 1 Egg loads from field collected pollen beetles (Meligethes aeneus Fab., Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) were determined by dissecting beetles caught at the beginning and end of the putative daily oviposition period. Field collected beetles were offered Brassica napus (L.) plants in cages for 8 (morning and early afternoon), 16 (overnight), and 24 h to ascertain the number of eggs laid during these time periods.
Biomanufacturing evolution from conventional to intensified processes for productivity improvement: a case study

ABSTRACT Process intensification has shown great potential to increase productivity and reduce costs in biomanufacturing. This case study describes the evolution of a manufacturing process from a conventional processing scheme at 1000-L scale (Process A, n = 5) to intensified processing schemes at both 1000-L (Process B, n = 8) and 2000-L scales (Process C, n = 3) for the production of a monoclonal antibody by a Chinese hamster ovary cell line. For the upstream part of the process, we implemented an intensified seed culture scheme to enhance cell densities at the seed culture step (N-1) prior to the production bioreactor (N) by using either enriched N-1 seed culture medium for Process B or by operating the N-1 step in perfusion mode for Process C. The increased final cell densities at the N-1 step allowed for much higher inoculation densities in the production bioreactor operated in fed-batch mode and substantially increased titers by 4-fold from Process A to B and 8-fold from Process A to C, while maintaining comparable final product quality. Multiple changes were made to intensify the downstream process to accommodate the increased titers. New high-capacity resins were implemented for the Protein A and anion exchange chromatography (AEX) steps, and the cation exchange chromatography (CEX) step was changed from bind-elute to flow-through mode for the streamlined Process B. Multi-column chromatography was developed for Protein A capture, and an integrated AEX-CEX pool-less polishing steps allowed semi-continuous Process C with increased productivity as well as reductions in resin requirements, buffer consumption, and processing times. A cost-of-goods analysis on consumables showed 6.7–10.1 fold cost reduction from the conventional Process A to the intensified Process C. The hybrid-intensified process described here is easy to implement in manufacturing and lays a good foundation to develop a fully continuous manufacturing with even higher productivity in the future.
FORUM Earth Explorer 9: Characteristics of Level 2 Products and Synergies with IASI-NG

FORUM (Far-infrared Outgoing Radiation Understanding and Monitoring) has been approved to be the ninth Earth Explorer mission of the European Space Agency. The mission is scheduled for launch on a Polar satellite in the 2025–2026 time frame. The core FORUM instrument is a Fourier Transform Spectrometer measuring, with very high accuracy, the upwelling spectral radiance, from 100 to 1600 cm−1 (from 100 to 6.25 microns in wavelength), thus covering the Far-Infrared (FIR), and a Mid-Infrared (MIR) portion of the spectrum emitted by the Earth. FORUM will fly in loose formation with the MetOp-SG-1A satellite, hosting the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer – New Generation (IASI-NG). IASI-NG will measure only the MIR part of the upwelling atmospheric spectrum, from 645 to 2760 cm−1 (from 15.5 to 3.62 microns in wavelength), thus, the matching FORUM measurements will supply the missing FIR complement. Together, the two missions will provide, for the first time, a spectrally resolved measurement of the full Earth emitted thermal spectrum. The calibrated spectral radiance will be, on its own, the main product of the FORUM mission, however, the radiances will also be processed up to Level 2, to determine the vertical profile of water vapour, surface spectral emissivity and cloud parameters in the case of cloudy atmospheres. In this paper we assess the performance of the FORUM Level 2 products based on clear-sky simulated retrievals and we study how the FORUM and IASI-NG matching measurements can be fused in a synergistic retrieval scheme, to provide improved Level 2 products. Considering only the measurement noise and the systematic calibration error components, we find the following figures for the synergistic FORUM and IASI-NG retrieval products. In the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere region, individual water vapour profiles can be retrieved with 1 km vertical sampling and an error ranging from 10% to 15%. In the range from 300 to 600 cm−1, surface spectral emissivity can be retrieved with an absolute error as small as 0.001 in dry Polar atmospheres. Ice cloud parameters such as ice water path and cloud top height can be retrieved with errors smaller than 10% and 1 km, respectively, for ice water path values ranging from 0.2 to 60 g/m2.
Comparison of Statistical Modelling Approaches for Estimating Tropical Forest Aboveground Biomass Stock and Reporting Their Changes in Low-Intensity Logging Areas Using Multi-Temporal LiDAR Data

Accurately quantifying forest aboveground biomass (AGB) is one of the most significant challenges in remote sensing, and is critical for understanding global carbon sequestration. Here, we evaluate the effectiveness of airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) for monitoring AGB stocks and change (ΔAGB) in a selectively logged tropical forest in eastern Amazonia. Specifically, we compare results from a suite of different modelling methods with extensive field data. The calibration AGB values were derived from 85 square field plots sized 50 × 50 m field plots established in 2014 and which were estimated using airborne LiDAR data acquired in 2012, 2014, and 2017. LiDAR-derived metrics were selected based upon Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and used to estimate AGB stock and change. The statistical approaches were: ordinary least squares regression (OLS), and nine machine learning approaches: random forest (RF), several variations of k-nearest neighbour (k-NN), support vector machine (SVM), and artificial neural networks (ANN). Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) was used to compare performance based upon root mean square error (RMSE) and mean difference (MD). The results show that OLS had the best performance with an RMSE of 46.94 Mg/ha (19.7%) and R² = 0.70. RF, SVM, and ANN were adequate, and all approaches showed RMSE ≤54.48 Mg/ha (22.89%). Models derived from k-NN variations all showed RMSE ≥64.61 Mg/ha (27.09%). The OLS model was thus selected to map AGB across the time-series. The mean (±sd—standard deviation) predicted AGB stock at the landscape level was 229.10 (±232.13) Mg/ha in 2012, 258.18 (±106.53) in 2014, and 240.34 (sd ± 177.00) Mg/ha in 2017, showing the effect of forest growth in the first period and logging in the second period. In most cases, unlogged areas showed higher AGB stocks than logged areas. Our methods showed an increase in AGB in unlogged areas and detected small changes from reduced-impact logging (RIL) activities occurring after 2012. We also detected that the AGB increase in areas logged before 2012 was higher than in unlogged areas. Based on our findings, we expect our study could serve as a basis for programs such as REDD+ and assist in detecting and understanding AGB changes caused by selective logging activities in tropical forests.
Some Suggested Concepts for Improving Taxonomic Dialogue

Anderson, Sydniey (Department of Mammalogy, The American Museum of Natural History, New York, N. Y. 10024) 1974. Some suggested concepts for improving taxonomic dialogue. Syst. Zool. , 23:58-70. -Art and science are inextricably mingled in taxonomy as in other disciplines. The process of improving science is not equivalent to a process of reducing or eliminating art. Semantics, theory, and practice should be distinguished in discussions of taxonomic problems. Distinctions should also be drawn carefully between the real universe, the models we construct, and the classifications or sets of formal names we use. Comparisons are made between the three principal strands in taxonomy, the phenetic, cladistic, and eclectic. Different values, for example nomenclatorial stability and fidelity of classification and model in taxonomy, cannot be simultaneously maximized; this makes compromise necessary. Two cladistic models and related classifications are compared. [Phylogeny; classification; cladism. ] IS TAXONOMY ART, OR SCIENCE, OR BOTH? A number of recent authors have at least alluded to the question here posed. A brief examination of some of these statements reveals some criteria used to decide what is "science" or what is more or less "scientific. " "The practice of taxonomy has remained intuitive and commonly inarticulate, an art rather than a science" (Sokal and Sneath, 1963:vii). This was an undesirable condition the numerical taxonomists hoped to help correct. "Choice among [four different approaches to classification] is not a matter of right and wrong but of artistic judgment in each individual case" (Simpson, 1961:122). The dichotomy here is between epistemology and aesthetics rather than between ethics and aesthetics, in spite of the ethical connotation of the words right and wrong. "Taxonomists are more like artists than art critics; they practice their trade and don't discuss it" (Anderson, 1952:210). "But systematics is science and not art, and in every science there comes a time [for discussion and analysis as well as practice]" (IHennig, 1966:28, in referring to Anderson's
Strong overestimation of water‐use efficiency responses to rising CO2 in tree‐ring studies

The carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) in tree rings is commonly used to derive estimates of the assimilation‐to‐stomatal conductance rate of trees, that is, intrinsic water‐use efficiency (iWUE). Recent studies have observed increased iWUE in response to rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations (Ca), in many different species, genera and biomes. However, increasing rates of iWUE vary widely from one study to another, likely because numerous covarying factors are involved. Here, we quantified changes in iWUE of two widely distributed boreal conifers using tree samples from a forest inventory network that were collected across a wide range of growing conditions (assessed using the site index, SI), developmental stages and stand histories. Using tree‐ring isotopes analysis, we assessed the magnitude of increase in iWUE after accounting for the effects of tree size, stand age, nitrogen deposition, climate and SI. We also estimated how growth conditions have modulated tree physiological responses to rising Ca. We found that increases in tree size and stand age greatly influenced iWUE. The effect of Ca on iWUE was strongly reduced after accounting for these two variables. iWUE increased in response to Ca, mostly in trees growing on fertile stands, whereas iWUE remained almost unchanged on poor sites. Our results suggest that past studies could have overestimated the CO2 effect on iWUE, potentially leading to biased inferences about the future net carbon balance of the boreal forest. We also observed that this CO2 effect is weakening, which could affect the future capacity of trees to resist and recover from drought episodes.
Simultaneous administration of imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam with selected intravenous antimicrobials, a stewardship approach

Imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam is a β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor that has been recently FDA approved for complicated intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections under the brand name Recarbrio®. It has activity against imipenem non-susceptible Pseudomonas species as well as KPC-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Optimization of PK/PD of antimicrobials particularly in critically-ill patients is essential, but unfortunately, is hindered by separate administration that requires significant resources. The objective of the study is to investigate the compatibility of Y-site administration of imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam with a wide range of antimicrobials. After admixture, physical characteristics, pH changes and turbidity were measured for each 2-drug combination at a time. With the exception of amphotericin B deoxycholate, and posaconazole, imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam was compatible with a variety of antimicrobial agents. The compatibility profile described, will facilitate incorporation into hospital protocols, contribute to therapy optimization and guide clinicians to avoid successive administration, consequently resulting in reduction of total infusion time, optimization of PK/PD, economizing nursing time and cost containment.
Effects of sublethal application of Deepwater Horizon oil to bird eggs on embryonic heart and metabolic rate

Following large crude oil spills, oil from feathers of brooding birds and oiled nesting material can transfer to eggs, resulting in reduced embryonic viability for heavily oiled eggs. Eggs may also be subjected to trace or light oiling, but functional teratogenic effects from sublethal crude oil exposure have not been examined. We assessed whether sublethal application of weathered Deepwater Horizon crude oil to the eggshell surface alters heart rate and metabolic rate in Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) embryos. We first determined sublethal applications with a dosing experiment. Embryo viability for eggs exposed to 5 μL or more of crude oil decreased significantly. We conducted a second experiment to measure heart rate and metabolic rate (CO2 production) 5 and 9 d after 1 sublethal application of crude oil to eggshells on day 3 of incubation. One application of 1.0 or 2.5 µL of crude oil reduced embryonic heart rate and metabolic rate on day 12 of incubation. Using unfertilized eggs, we measured the transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the eggshell surface to egg contents 9 d after a single application of sublethal crude oil. Our results suggest avian eggs externally exposed to small amounts of crude oil may exhibit protracted embryonic development and impaired postnatal cardiac performance.
Dual‐color STED super‐resolution microscope using a single laser source

STED (stimulated emission depletion) microscopy is one of the most promising super‐resolution fluorescence microscopies，due to its fast imaging and ultra‐high resolution. In this paper, we present a dual‐color STED microscope with a single laser source. Polarization beam splitters are used to separate the output from a supercontinuum laser source into four laser beams, including two excitation beams (488, 635 nm) and two depletion beams (592, 775 nm). These four laser beams are then used to build a low cost dual‐color STED system to achieve a spatial resolution of 75 nm in cell samples.
SPLIT-CLUTCH IVF: A TECHNIQUE TO EXAMINE INDIRECT FITNESS CONSEQUENCES OF MATE PREFERENCES IN STICKLEBACKS

Although laboratory mate choice experiments and field studies often reveal certain traits of male three-spined sticklebacks (as well as other model species) to be attractive to mate searching females, evidence that mating with males possessing such traits improves offspring survival and performance is scarce. In particular, there is a lack of unambiguous data linking preferred male traits with inherited genetic 'viability', which are essential for 'good genes' models of sexual selection. In this paper, we provide a protocol for performing half-sibling crosses in three-spined sticklebacks using a split-clutch in vitro fertilisation (SC-IVF) technique. This approach controls for variable maternal investment and standardises parental care - two confounding variables that frequently distort the relationship between sire trait and offspring performance - allowing the detection of offspring viability characteristics linked to specific sire traits such as sexual coloration, body size or condition.