Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IMPROVING DESIGN OF A TRIANGLE GEOMETRY COMPUTER APPLICATION USING A CREATIONAL PATTERN

Abstract: In the process of developing a computer application, design represents probably the most important factor that can affect its quality. Propitiously, there are currently several design patterns whose use can provide a solution of a general problem. Design solutions of competent architects are represented through the design models. Thereby, any design model aims to solve a specific design issue in case of object oriented programming paradigm. This paper presents an interactive computer application that can be used in the study of triangle geometry. The design of the computer application is improved by using of the "Factory" creational pattern, and the implementation is accomplished through the Java programming language. Key words: Triangle Geometry, Design Patterns, Factory, UML, Java.
ONLINE IMPRESSIONS ON E-HAILING SERVICES: A STUDY ON POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SENTIMENTS ON GRAB MALAYSIA AND GO-JEK INDONESIA ON TWITTER PLATFORM

The presence of mobile-internet has led to the emergence of the e-hailing industry. As the e-hailing services usage increased, it led riders to share their opinions or discontent after indulging in the services. Therefore, in this study, online sentiments on social media (Twitter) with specific keywords mentioned, were examined to identify the rider opinions towards the e-hailing services in both Malaysia and Indonesia. Service Quality (SERVQUAL) model was used as the foundation to examine the service quality offered by the e-hailing service providers. The dimensions included were: ‘Availability’, ‘Accessibility’, ‘Information’, ‘Comfort’, ‘Safety’, and the additional dimension of ‘Price’. All the data (tweets) collected were classified into either a positive or negative sentiment, and to respective dimensions manually, by referring to keywords. The results revealed that all the dimensions show a negative trend in both countries. ‘Comfort’ and ‘Availability’ was ranked the first in Malaysia and Indonesia respectively, and the results shown were due to riders demanded an e-hailing service that is available anywhere and anytime when they need it. The study results provide a strong reference to practitioners to improve on their service quality and allowed to identify which dimensions were concerned the most by the riders in both countries.
The Effects of Different Moisture Content and Ensiling Time on Silo Degradation of Structural Carbohydrate of Orchardgrass

This study determined the influence of moisture, ensiling time and their interactions on the losses of hemicellulose and cellulose during ensiling of orchardgrass. Orchardgrass containing 80 (HM), 70 (MM) and 55% (LM) moisture was ensiled in 3 laboratory silos of 500 ml capacity for 3, 7, 21 and 91 days. The dry matter (DM), water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), hemicellulose and cellulose contents of the ensiled orchardgrass was lowered than that of the untreated grass regardless of moisture content. Ensiling orchardgrass for 91 days (d) decreased (p<0.01) hemicellulose contents from 19 to 15%, 20 to 15% and 18 to 12% and cellulose from 31 to 29%, 29 to 26% and 27 to 26% for LM, MM and HM silage, respectively. Results from fermentation of LM and MM silages were within acceptable guidelines except for butyric acid and ammonia after 3 weeks of ensiling of MM which appeared to be lower than ideal. The results of the fermentation of HM silages were poor showing higher concentration of acetic, propionic and butyric acids and traces of isovaleric, valeric and caproic acids with ammonia at all stage of time. While the DM losses from LM and MM silages over the ensiling period were acceptable, that for HM silage increased to 13% after 91 d ensiling, confirming a poor fermentation process occurred. The greatest WSC losses occurred within 7 d of ensiling and the lowest losses occurred after 3 weeks of ensiling. Except in HM silage, the hemicellulose and cellulose losses were highest (p<0.01) in the first 3 weeks of ensiling. Hemicellulose losses were between 19 and 22% and 4.2 and 5.9% up to 3 weeks and after 3 weeks of ensiling LM and MM silages, respectively. Cellulose losses were small. In contrast, hemicellulose losses after 3 weeks of ensiling of HM silage was about 50% higher than over the first 3 weeks possibly due to clostridial type fermentation. The results showed that increasing ensiling time of high moisture orchardgrass would result in the excessive losses of DM, WSC, hemicellulose and cellulose in the silage.
Detection of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum race 3 by single-base extension method and allele-specific polymerase chain reaction

Abstract Allele specific (AS) SNP primers were developed for rapid detection of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum (FOV) race 3. These primers were designed based on single nucleotide polymorphisms of partial sequence alignment of the β-tubulin (BT) gene from several FOV races. The primers showed high specificity for FOV race 3, and exclusively amplified PCR products from FOV race 3 DNAs and total genomic DNAs of FOV race 3-infected plant tissues. These primers did not produce any amplification products for races 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 and 8 of FOV or other FOV and Fusarium species from infected plant tissues. The assay is useful for specific and rapid detection of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum race 3.
Use of Chitosan for Selective Removal of β-Lactoglobulin from Whey

A method is described for selective removal of undenatured beta-lactoglobulin from cheese whey based on interactions between whey proteins and chitosan. Whey was previously clarified at pH 4.5 with addition of chitosan (25 mg/100 mL), and selective removal of beta-lactoglobulin was studied in the pH interval 4.6 to 6.5. Addition of chitosan caused selective precipitation of beta-lactoglobulin that increased with pH. The content of beta-lactoglobulin in whey decreased as the amount of chitosan added was increased. At pH 6.2, addition of 1.9 to 3.0 mg/mL of chitosan led to complete removal of beta-lactoglobulin, whereas at least 80% of the rest of whey proteins remained in solution. The production of cheese whey without beta-lactoglobulin could help to expand the applications of dairy by-products in food processing, and to isolate hypoallergenic whey protein concentrates.
A rare Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase mutation causing familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with variable age of onset and incomplete penetrance in China

More than 100 mutations in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene have been found, accounting for about 20% of familial ALS (FALS). However, few have been identified in Chinese patients with FALS. We present a five‐generation Chinese family with FALS with a rare mutation in exon 4 of the Cu/Zn SOD gene codon position 105, converting serine to leucine. Forty‐seven family members including the proband were examined clinically; two affected persons had EMG and nerve conduction studies. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes of the family members after informed consent. All five exons of the Cu/Zn SOD gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing was performed on purified products. Exon 4 of the Cu/Zn SOD gene was amplified from genomic DNA isolated from not only the family members but also from 50 unrelated healthy Chinese control subjects. A rare S105L mutation, which is heterozygous with C by T at position 1125 of the coding sequence in exon 4 of the Cu/Zn SOD gene, was found in the proband and her affected elder brother. The clinical phenotype within the FALS patients in this family is relatively variable. The age at onset ranged from 32 to 65 years, with initial symptoms in either the upper or lower extremities in different family members. Two subjects aged 72 and 60 years remained asymptomatic until their death from other causes, although their offspring carrying the same mutation have already developed clinical evidence of the disease. The S105L mutation was identified in another seven asymptomatic family members, aged 7 to 59 years. It is concluded that the S105L mutation in exon 4 of the Cu/Zn SOD gene is pathogenic. The phenotype is characterized by relatively variable clinical symptoms, with incomplete penetrance.
Germination of hydrated uredospores of Puccinia recondita inhibited by light

Germination of uredospores of Puccinia recondita was inhibited in the violet, red, and far-red portions of the light spectrum but not in the green and blue-green portions. Light was inhibitory only during the early phases of germination, before germ tubes were one-third the spore length. Light was inhibitory only when uredospores were hydrated before being exposed to light. As the length of the hydration process and the light intensity increased, the germination percentage decreased.
Stress proteins and thermotolerance in psychrotrophic yeasts from arctic environments

The protein synthetic responses to heat shock of two psychrotrophic yeasts Trichosporon pullulans and Sporobolomyces salmonicolor, isolated from the Arctic, were examined. The temperature of maximum heat shock protein induction was above the maximum temperature for growth in Trichosporon pullulans, but was within the physiological range in Sporobolomyces salmonicolor. Heat shock protein synthetic rates remained elevated in both microorganisms for at least 4 h when the temperature used for heat shock was within the physiological growth range. Both of these nonfermentative yeasts showed a protein synthetic response to recovery from anaerobiosis similar to that shown to heat shock. Trichosporon pullulans failed to show any increased resistance to a lethal thermal stress concomitant with the induction of stress proteins due to heat shock or recovery from anoxia.
Analysis of Cultural and Genetic Diversity in Alternaria helianthi and Determination of Pathogenic Variability Using Wild Helianthus Species

The study aims at assessment of morphological, molecular and pathogenic variability of Alternaria helianthi, incitant of leaf blight of sunflower. Morphological characteristics determined for 26 isolates of A. helianthi from India revealed variations in shape of culture, pigmentation, conidial measurements, number of septa and colony growth. The conidia of isolate Ah-7 were long, while conidia of isolate Ah-15 were short. Based on cultural characters, isolates were classified into four groups. Genetic variability of the isolates was assessed by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. Good polymorphism was observed and cluster analysis indicated presence of six genetically distinct groups among the isolates. The isolates Ah-1, Ah-7 and Ah-14 were genetically distinct. Resistant sources are not available in cultivated sunflower, while wild Helianthus species possess resistance to multiple stresses. We evaluated reaction of wild Helianthus species to isolates of A. helianthi. Among wild Helianthus species, H. tuberosus followed by H. occidentalis showed moderately to highly resistant reaction to all the isolates and recorded less disease incidence. The species H. argo-phyllus followed by H. laevigatus showed more disease incidence. The cultivated sunflower recorded susceptible reaction to most of the isolates and recorded high disease incidence. The isolates differed significantly for pathogenic reaction and were grouped into three pathogenicity groups; low, medium and high. Six isolates induced < 20% disease incidence and were included in the low pathogenicity group. Majority of isolates were in the medium pathogenicity group. Six isolates i.e. Ah-9, Ah-10, Ah-18, Ah-20, Ah-24 and Ah-26 induced more than 50% disease incidence and were considered high pathogenicity group. Our results demonstrate the existence of considerable variation in resistance of Hehanthus species to A. helianthi and also in morphological and genetic characters of A. helianthi isolates prevalent in India.
Apparent feeding association between Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui) and sika deer (Cervus nippon) living on Yakushima Island, Japan

Associations among animals of different species vary from parasitism to mutualism. The primate order is not well represented by studies on this subject, with scarce data concentrated on few species. This study is the first attempt to describe interactions between Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui) and sika deer (Cervus nippon), in an area where no natural predators exist. Large quantities of food drop on the ground when Japanese macaques forage on the trees and deer were often observed to forage on these food items (i.e. gleaning). This observation may indicate that sika deer associated with Japanese macaque while feeding. Food quantity on a tree was the best predictor of this apparent feeding association. Yet, tree size, food quantity, and number of monkeys foraging on a tree significantly predicted the number of deer gleaning under that tree. Monkeys were rarely aggressive towards deer that were gleaning, although agonistic interactions among deer were frequently observed. Food dropped from the trees represents an additional, otherwise unavailable, source of energy for deer. Therefore, the deer probably improved their foraging efficiency by gleaning. These results suggest that deer gain some benefits by this behaviour while they apparently do not inflict any costs to monkeys. As such, interactions between sika deer and Japanese macaques may represent a case of commensalism, or of asymmetrical mutualism.
Capturing the Ways We Read

Reading habit measures are often included as intervening variables in research designs investigating reading experiences. It is assumed that people's reading habits mediate effects of reading specific texts on the immediate experience and the eventual outcomes of reading. The term reading habits, however, can refer to a variety of different concepts. Reading habits vary as a function of reading motives (e.g., reading for curiosity, reading for educational success), reading efficacy (e.g., word recognition, linguistic fluency), background knowledge (e.g., conceptual knowledge of a text's topic or genre), and sociocultural influences (e.g., reading expectations, bilingual competence). However, once established, reading habits may motivate subsequent reading by providing the background that supports reading pleasure, interest, or engagement. On the one hand, fluent generalization of habitually rehearsed concepts may support reading pleasure (e.g., familiarity with approaches to fictional character development may increase narrative comprehension and reading pleasure). On the other hand, disfluent reconstruction of infrequently rehearsed concepts may support reading interest (e.g., poorly understood approaches to fictional character development may increase reading interest) (Whitfield 2009; Winkielman et al. 2006). More plausibly, the balance between fluent generalization and disfluent reconstruction may facilitate the blend of interest and pleasure that is experienced as engagement with an aesthetic object (Graf and Landwehr 2015). So far, there is no systematic research available on how reading habits influence different types of reading experiences and on how they co-occur or interact with certain personality traits. Or if there is research available it involves only one type of reading habit (repeated 'exposure') and its relationship to a certain trait or behavior (cf. Black et al. 2018, on the effects of genre exposure on moral judgments; Stern et al. 2018, on the effects of genre exposure on beliefs about interpersonal relationships). In these examples, reading habits were at the core of their research questions; however, in most empirical literary studies, reading habits are usually considered a covariate in the overall design. As there is no 'universally' used reading habit measure in the field of empirical literary studies, the results of different studies are hard to compare. And thus, we are no closer to finding out how reading habits – and which of them – influence the reading experience and the effects of reading. The aim of this paper is to report development of a measure of reading frequency across a range of text genres. Its multivariate structure allows for the identification of groups of readers with contrasting profiles of genre familiarity, the usefulness of which to the field of empirical literary studies we aim to demonstrate in this paper.
Appendix: Stochastic Modeling Techniques in Software Aging and Rejuvenation Phenomena

Quantitative modeling of software aging and rejuvenation has been the object of a vast literature in the last decades. Due to the probabilistic nature of the phenomena to which these studies are devoted, the models rely on the theory of stochastic processes. The present Chapter is intended to provide an overview of the methods and analytical solution techniques related to the stochastic processes that are more often encountered in the literature on software aging and rejuve-nation. The Chapter is particularly addressed to researchers who want to have an initial approach to these topics
Review of Text Classification Methods on Deep Learning

: Text classification has always been an increasingly crucial topic in natural language processing. Traditional text classification methods based on machine learning have many disadvantages such as dimension explosion, data sparsity, limited generalization ability and so on. Based on deep learning text classification, this paper presents an extensive study on the text classification models including Convolutional Neural Network-Based (CNN-Based), Recurrent Neural Network-Based (RNN-based), Attention Mechanisms-Based and so on. Many studies have proved that text classification methods based on deep learning outperform the traditional methods when processing large-scale and complex datasets. The main reasons are text classification methods based on deep learning can avoid cumbersome feature extraction process and have higher prediction accuracy for a large set of unstructured data. In this paper, we also summarize the shortcomings of traditional text classification methods and introduce the text classification process based on deep learning including text preprocessing, distributed representation of text, text classification model construction based on deep learning and performance evaluation.
TIME TRENDS IN CROP YIELDS IN LONG-TERM TRIALS

Trends over time in annual crop yields potentially provide measures of the likely long-term sustainability of cropping systems. However, where large annual variability in the growth environment is responsible for most of the large year-to-year yield differences, appropriate analytical techniques must be developed to distinguish real long-term trends from the ‘background noise’. This paper presents models for the estimation of time trends in the yield data from crop rotation systems and discusses the results of applying these models to yield values from two types of long-term trial involving barley, each conducted at two sites in northern Syria. The models used were linear with respect to time (years) and allowed for seasonal effects by means of a quadratic relationship on total rainfall and a linear relationship on planting date. A more complex model might account for more of the variance, but restrictions were imposed by the limited number of degrees of freedom (number of years of data less one) and the choice of meaningful single-valued parameters of growth-season conditions. For many experimental treatments the model accounted for less of the total variance at the wetter site. This may be due to seasonal bufferring by soil moisture stored at depth from one year to the next, and future iterations of the analysis will try to allow for this. The appropriateness of the linear time function is also questioned, and alternative functions will be tested along with alternative structures for plot errors over time.
TRIPLET EXCITED STATE OF COUMARIN AND 4'5‘ DIHYDROPSORALEN: REACTION WITH NUCLEIC ACID BASES AND AMINO ACIDS

Abstract—The triplet‐triplet absorption spectra of coumarin, 5.7 dimethoxycoumarin and the furocoumarin 4'5′ dihydropsoralen. a model for 4'5′ psoralen‐pyrimidine mono adducts, have been determined by the techniques of pulse radiolysis and laser flash photolysis. The extinction coefficients of the triplet transitions have been measured and used to determine the singlet → triplet intersystem crossing quantum yields for 347 nm excitation in water. Reaction rate constants for coumarin and 4'5′ dihydropsoralen triplets with various pyrimidine and purine nucleic acid bases, and amino acids, have been measured. Long‐lived transient absorptions detected after quenching coumarin and 4'5′ dihydropsoralen triplets with tryptophan are assigned to mixtures of the corresponding coumarin radical anion and the tryptophan radical cation. The spectra of the radical anions of coumarin and 4'5′ dihydropsoralen were established using pulse radiolysis of the coumarins in aqueous formate. It is suggested that coumarins and furocoumarin triplets are quenched by nucleic acid bases and amino acids via a chargetransfer mechanism.
Importance and Feasibility of Point-of-care Testing in Takayasu’s
Arteritis

Takayasu’s arteritis (TAK) is known to be a unique, rare, and chronic vasculitis disease that affects large elastic arteries such as aorta and its major branches. TAK is characterized by adventitial thickening, weak pulses and ocular disturbances. The prognosis and diagnosis of TAK are challenging due to the non-specific, silent, or paucisymptomatic presentation of the disease. The effective understanding of TAK lies with the timely recognition of the symptoms and a rapid diagnosis of the disease. Point-of-care testing (POCT) is vital for the quick and reliable detection of parameters near bedside for disease diagnosis, assessment, monitoring, and therapeutics management. Ultrasonography is the most reliable POCT technique. Moreover, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein assay are the two most valuable non-imaging POCT tests used to determine inflammation and onset of the disease. Other potential biomarkers such as matrix metalloproteinases, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-18 have also been advocated for tracking the progression of TAK. Furthermore, vasculitis associated-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies have also been reported to reflect the inflammatory phase of the disease. Therefore, the development of POCT based on these blood-based biomarkers may help in quick clinical decision-making for early diagnosis of TAK and targeted therapeutics to improve clinical outcome in patients suffering from this debilitating disease.
Torque Control of Electric Power Steering Systems Based on Improved Active Disturbance Rejection Control

In the electric power steering (EPS) system, low-frequency disturbances such as road resistance, irregular mechanical friction, and changing motor parameters can cause steering wheel torque fluctuation and discontinuity. In order to improve the steering wheel torque smoothness, an improved torque control method of an EPS motor is proposed in the paper. A target torque algorithm is established, which is related to steering process parameters such as steering wheel angle and angular speed. Then, a target torque closed-loop control strategy based on the improved ADRC is designed to estimate and compensate the internal and external disturbance of the system, so as to reduce the impact of the disturbance on the steering torque. The simulation results show that the responsiveness and anti-interference ability of the improved ADRC is better than that of the conventional ADRC and PI. The vehicle experiment shows that the proposed control method has good motor current stability, steering torque smoothness, and flexibility when there is low-frequency disturbance.