Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The roles of drift and control field constraints upon quantum control speed limits

In this work we derive a lower bound for the minimum time required to implement a target unitary transformation through a classical time-dependent field in a closed quantum system. The bound depends on the target gate, the strength of the internal Hamiltonian and the highest permitted control field amplitude. These findings reveal some properties of the reachable set of operations, explicitly analyzed for a single qubit. Moreover, for fully controllable systems, we identify a lower bound for the time at which all unitary gates become reachable. We use numerical gate optimization in order to study the tightness of the obtained bounds. It is shown that in the single qubit case our analytical findings describe the relationship between the highest control field amplitude and the minimum evolution time remarkably well. Finally, we discuss both challenges and ways forward for obtaining tighter bounds for higher dimensional systems, offering a discussion about the mathematical form and the physical meaning of the bound.
Biochemical profile in the muscle tissue of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) exposed to Disinfectant ′′ CIP ′′ formulated with peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide

Recent research on substances such as acidic agents, e . g . disinfectants based on peracetic acid (PAA) and hydrogen peroxide show prophylactic effects against bacterial, virus, fungal infections . Such disinfectants, however, are important and effective as chemiotherapeutant agents but may have damaging effects due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and formation of oxidation products . The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of disinfection procedure with Disinfectant ′′CIP′′ based on 15 % PAA and 20 % H2O2 on the oxidative stress biomarkers (levels of 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, aldehydic and ketonic derivatives of oxidatively modified proteins) and biochemical indices [alanine(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferases (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lactate, pyruvate] in the muscle tissue of juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss . In the disinfectantive exposure, fish were bathed with Disinfectant ′′CIP′′ in final concentration 16 mL per m3 . Fish were bathed with Disinfectant ′′CIP′′ for 20 min and repeated three times every 3 days . Significantly decrease in oxidative stress biomarkers was observed in the fish exposed to Disinfectant ′′CIP′′, which may be due to excitation of defense mechanism of the fish to counter the stress induced by disinfection . In this study, the activities of ALT and AST were significantly lower in fish after treated by Disinfectant ′′CIP′′ than that of fish in control group . The rate of amino acid transformation via transamination is slowed down by Disinfectant ′′CIP′′ . The observation that lactate level was decreased in muscle samples with decreased of LDH activity in fish treated by Disinfectant ′′CIP′′, supports the hypothesis that lactate is not transferred from white muscle via the blood stream before it accumulated in liver . Results suggested that the given concentration of Disinfectant ′′CIP′′ could be applied as disinfective agent in salmonid aquaculture; however, further studies are required for safe use .
Standardizing catch rates: is logbook information by itself enough?

The goal of the work was to maximize the accuracy of standardized catch per unit effort as an index of relative abundance. Linear regression models were fitted to daily logbook data from a multispecies penaeid trawl fishery in which within-vessel changes in efficiency are common. Two model-fitting strategies were compared. The predictive strategy focused on maximizing the explained variance, and the estimation strategy on finding realistic coefficients for important components of changing catchability. Realistic values could not always be obtained, because the regression factors were not orthogonal, and data on the presence of technology were sometimes unreliable or systematically incomplete. It was not possible to separate fishing power from abundance by analysing logbook data alone; it was necessary to incorporate external information within the standardization model. Therefore, the resultant estimation models incorporated external information and expert knowledge by offsets. There was no single best estimation model. Instead, a series of models provided an envelope of possible changes in relative fishing power and prawn abundance since 1970. Compared with the prediction models, the estimation models revealed different trends in relative fishing power and relative abundance.
Stochastic generation of complex crystal structures combining group and graph theory with application to carbon

Xizhi Shi,1, 2 Chaoyu He,1, 2, ∗ Chris J. Pickard,3, 4, † Chao Tang,1, 2, ‡ and Jianxin Zhong1, 2 1Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, P. R. China; 2School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China. 3Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom 4Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan (Dated: January 12, 2018)
Data Analysis and Modelling of Users’ Behavior on the Web

The research developed during my PhD [1] was driven by the need to understand how people interact with the web. This information gives ISPs and network managers better visibility and understanding of how users and web services change over time. Thanks to traces and logs of users’ traffic, my work focuses on two complementary aspects: (i) data analytics, and (ii) user modelling.In this work, I show how to reconstruct users’ online activity from passive measurements and to model their behaviour. I introduce machine learning approaches to identify the intentionally visited web-pages and web-sites. I highlight device usage evolution, the structure of the navigation and the interactions with social networks and search engines. I build users’ profiles and then I show how to re-identify users in a future time thanks to their behavioural fingerprints. This is also instrumental for security applications. I next study the interaction with online ads, capturing the impact of the temporal dynamics of shown advertisement and improving revenues.I make available all the anonymized datasets and code for the community, to guarantee results reproducibility and foster further analyses.
The influence of perceived task difficulty on task performance

Dominick Scasserra THE INFLUENCE OF PER CIEVED TASK DIFFICULTY ON TASK PERFORMANCE 2007/08 Dr. Roberta Dihoff and Dr. Frank Epifanio Master of Arts in School Psychology The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence that the perceived difficulty of a task has on task performance. Twenty-one undergraduate college students were asked to complete three anagram worksheets. Each worksheet had a different description of difficulty (easy, medium, hard), although all worksheets were of the same difficulty. Participants self-reported amounts of anxiety, effort, perceived competence, and task difficulty after each worksheet. A repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant linear effect for perceived difficulty on task performance (F(1) = 10.42, p<0.05) , and paired-samples t-tests showed that participants had significantly more successful responses on the easy (M = 4.67, SD = 1.11) and medium (M = 4.48, SD = 1.37) worksheets than on the hard worksheet (M = 3.43, SD = 1.99), and self reported ratings of perceived competence were higher for the easy difficulty (M = 4.67, SD = 1.65) than hard (M = 3.57, SD = 2.16) difficulty. These findings and directions for future research are discussed.
Analyzing the Impact of Eaves on Energy Consumption of AODV Routing Protocol For MANETS

In this dynamic world, communication is a sine qua non for development. Communication represents sharing of information which can be local or remote. Though local communications may occur face to face between individuals remote communications take place among people over long distances. Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are becoming an interesting part of research due to the increasing growth of wireless devices (laptops, tablets, mobiles etc.) and as well as wireless internet facilities like 4G/Wi-Fi. A MANET is any infrastructure-less network formed by independent and self-configuring nodes. Each node acts as router. In order to send data, the source node initiates a routing process by using a routing protocol. The nature of the wireless medium is always insecure. So, during routing many attacks can take place. The main objective of an eavesdropper is to grab the confidential information in the network. This secret information is used by a malicious node to perform further attacks. Here, the entire problem lies in identifying the eavesdropper because the eavesdropper acts a normal node in the network. In this paper, we analyzed the impact of eavesdropper while executing an Ad hoc On Demand routing (AODV) protocol in MANETs. All the simulations are done using QualNet 5.1 network simulator. From the results, it is found that the network performance degrades in presence of an eavesdropper.
Teaching the Poor in Turkey: A Phenomenological Insight.

The purpose of this study was to analyze how primary school classroom teachers experienced teaching poor students. This study was designed in a phenomenological approach. To fulfill the aim of the study, in-depth and focus group interviews were held as well as clasroom observations. The data gathered through interviews and observations was firstly transcribed and then content analyzig technique was embraced to be able to reach meaningful themes. As a result of analyzing process, two main themes were emerged. One of these themes was identified as ‘education and poverty’, and the other theme was identified as ‘effects of poverty’.
Waste Plastic Oil As A Diesel Fuel in the Diesel Engine: A Review

: Environmental degradation and depletion of oil reserves are matters of great concern around the globe. Developing countries like India depend heavily on crude oil import of about 125 Mt per annum (7:1 diesel/gasoline). Diesel being the main transportation fuel in India, finding a suitable fuel alternative to diesel is an urgent need. Waste plastic pyrolysis oil is suitable for compression ignition engines and more attention is focused in India because of its potential to generate large-scale employment and relatively low environmental degradation. Plastics have now become indispensable materials in the modern world and application in the industrial field is continually increasing. The properties of the oil derived from waste plastics were analyzed and found that it has properties similar to that of diesel. Waste plastic oil (WPO) was tested as a fuel in a D.I. diesel engine and its performance characteristics were analysed and compared with diesel fuel (DF) operation. It is observed that the engine could operate with 100% waste plastic oil and can be used as fuel in diesel engines. Engine fueled with waste plastic oil exhibits higher thermal efficiency upto 80% of the full load and the exhaust gas temperature was higher at all loads compared to DF operation. In this review paper we briefly discuss replacement of diesel with waste plastic fuel oil and its effect on the engine performance. Keywords-Waste plastic oil ,Diesel engine ,Brake thermal efficiency, Engine performance .
Influence of application vehicle on skin sensitization to methylchloroisothiazolinone / methylisothiazolinone : an analysis using the local lymph node assay

The murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) is a method for the identification of skin sensitizing chemicals in which activity is measured as a function of proliferative responses induced in draining lymph nodes following topical exposure of mice to the test material. More recently, the LLNA has also been used for the determination of relative skin sensitizing potency based upon the mathematical derivation of an EC3 value, this being the estimated concentration of test chemical necessary to provoke a 3-fold increase in lymph-node cell-proliferative activity compared with concurrent vehicle-treated controls. Here we describe the use of the LLNA to determine the influence of vehicle on the skin-sensitizing potency of methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI), the active ingredient of preservatives such as KathonACG. To this end, LLNA responses to MCI/ MI were measured using the vehicles 4:1 acetone:olive oil (AOO), methyl ethyl ketone, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, propylene glycol (PG) and acetone. It was found that the vehicle in which MCI/MI was applied had a substantial impact on activity, with derived EC3 values varying from 0.0049% with AOO to 0.048% with PG. With the other vehicles, EC3 values ranged from 0.0068 to 0.0076%. The skin sensitizing potency of MCI/MI as judged from LLNA responses is consistent with what is known of the requirements for sensitization in humans. It is proposed that the LLNA not only provides a method for determination of relative skin sensitizing potency, but is also appropriate for assessing the influence of vehicle matrix on sensitizing activity.
Low-Cost Curb Detection and Localization System Using Multiple Ultrasonic Sensors

Curb detection and localization systems constitute an important aspect of environmental recognition systems of autonomous driving vehicles. This is because detecting curbs can provide information about the boundary of a road, which can be used as a safety system to prevent unexpected intrusions into pedestrian walkways. Moreover, curb detection and localization systems enable the autonomous vehicle to recognize the surrounding environment and the lane in which the vehicle is driving. Most existing curb detection and localization systems use multichannel light detection and ranging (lidar) as a primary sensor. However, although lidar demonstrates high performance, it is too expensive to be used for commercial vehicles. In this paper, we use ultrasonic sensors to implement a practical, low-cost curb detection and localization system. To compensate for the relatively lower performance of ultrasonic sensors as compared to other higher-cost sensors, we used multiple ultrasonic sensors and applied a series of novel processing algorithms that overcome the limitations of a single ultrasonic sensor and conventional algorithms. The proposed algorithms consisted of a ground reflection elimination filter, a measurement reliability calculation, and distance estimation algorithms corresponding to the reliability of the obtained measurements. The performance of the proposed processing algorithms was demonstrated by a field test under four representative curb scenarios. The availability of reliable distance estimates from the proposed methods with three ultrasonic sensors was significantly higher than that from the other methods, e.g., 92.08% vs. 66.34%, when the test vehicle passed a trapezoidal-shaped road shoulder. When four ultrasonic sensors were used, 96.04% availability and 13.50 cm accuracy (root mean square error) were achieved.
Nutrigenomics of Vitamin D

Nutrigenomics studies how environmental factors, such as food intake and lifestyle, influence the expression of the genome. Vitamin D3 represents a master example of nutrigenomics, since via its metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, which binds with high-affinity to the vitamin D receptor, the secosteroid directly affects the epigenome and transcriptome at thousands of loci within the human genome. Vitamin D is important for both cellular metabolism and immunity, as it controls calcium homeostasis and modulates the response of the innate and adaptive immune system. At sufficient UV-B exposure, humans can synthesize vitamin D3 endogenously in their skin, but today’s lifestyle often makes the molecule a true vitamin and micronutrient that needs to be taken up by diet or supplementation with pills. The individual’s molecular response to vitamin D requires personalized supplementation with vitamin D3, in order to obtain optimized clinical benefits in the prevention of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, autoimmune diseases, and possibly different types of cancer. The importance of endogenous synthesis of vitamin D3 created an evolutionary pressure for reduced skin pigmentation, when, during the past 50,000 years, modern humans migrated from Africa towards Asia and Europe. This review will discuss different aspects of how vitamin D interacts with the human genome, focusing on nutritional epigenomics in context of immune responses. This should lead to a better understanding of the clinical benefits of vitamin D.
Toward a Centralized, Systematic Approach to the Identification, Appraisal, and Use of Health State Utility Values for Reimbursement Decision Making: Introducing the Health Utility Book (HUB)

Cost-utility analysis (CUA) is a widely recommended form of health economic evaluation worldwide. The outcome measure in CUA is quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), which are calculated using health state utility values (HSUVs) and corresponding life-years. Therefore, HSUVs play a significant role in determining cost-effectiveness. Formal adoption and endorsement of CUAs by reimbursement authorities motivates methodological advancement in HSUV measurement and application. A large body of evidence exploring various methods in measuring HSUVs has accumulated, imposing challenges for investigators in identifying and applying HSUVs to CUAs. First, large variations in HSUVs between studies are often reported, and these may lead to different cost-effectiveness conclusions. Second, issues concerning the quality of studies that generate HSUVs are increasingly highlighted in the literature. This issue is compounded by the limited published guidance and methodological standards for assessing the quality of these studies. Third, reimbursement decision making is a context-specific process. Therefore, while an HSUV study may be of high quality, it is not necessarily appropriate for use in all reimbursement jurisdictions. To address these issues, by promoting a systematic approach to study identification, critical appraisal, and appropriate use, we are developing the Health Utility Book (HUB). The HUB consists of an HSUV registry, a quality assessment tool for health utility studies, and a checklist for interpreting their use in CUAs. We anticipate that the HUB will make a timely and important contribution to the rigorous conduct and proper use of health utility studies for reimbursement decision making. In this way, health care resource allocation informed by HSUVs may reflect the preferences of the public, improve health outcomes of patients, and maintain the efficiency of health care systems.
A single institution experience of total lymphoid irradiation using helical tomotherapy as part of the conditioning regimen of transplantation for severe aplastic anemia patients

Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Electro-Optical Science and Technology, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan; Tai Cheng Stem Cell Therapy Center, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Oncology, Cancer Research Center, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan Contributions: (I) Conception and design: PH Lee, YH Chen; (II) Administrative support: SH Kuo; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: YH Chen; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: PH Lee, JK Wu, MC Wang; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: PH Lee, SH Lee, SH Kuo, YH Chen; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors. Correspondence to: Yu-Hsuan Chen. Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 1, Changde St., Zhongzheng Dist. , Taipei City 10048, Taiwan. Email: yhchen@ntuh.gov. tw.
Chiral Selectors in Capillary Electrophoresis: Trends during 2017–2018

Chiral separation is an important process in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. From the analytical chemistry perspective, chiral separation is required for assessing the fit-for-purpose and the safety of chemical products. Capillary electrophoresis, in the electrokinetic chromatography mode is an established analytical technique for chiral separations. A water-soluble chiral selector is typically used. This review therefore examines the use of various chiral selectors in electrokinetic chromatography during 2017–2018. The chiral selectors were both low and high (macromolecules) molecular mass molecules as well as molecular aggregates (supramolecules). There were 58 papers found by search in Scopus, indicating continuous and active activity in this research area. The macromolecules were sugar-, amino acid-, and nucleic acid-based polymers. The supramolecules were bile salt micelles. The low molecular mass selectors were mainly ionic liquids and complexes with a central ion. A majority of the papers were on the use or preparation of sugar-based macromolecules, e.g., native or derivatised cyclodextrins. Studies to explain chiral recognition of macromolecular and supramolecular chiral selectors were mainly done by molecular modelling and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Demonstrations were predominantly on drug analysis for the separation of racemates.
A Facile and Efficient Protocol for Preparing Residual-Free Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films for Stable Sensing Applications

In this article, we report on an efficient post-treatment protocol for the manufacturing of pristine single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films. To produce an ink for the deposition, the SWCNTs are dispersed in an aqueous solution with the aid of a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) derivative as the dispersing agent. On the basis of this SWCNT-ink, ultra-thin and uniform films are then fabricated by spray-deposition using a commercial and fully automated robot. By means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we show that the CMC matrix covering the CNTs can be fully removed by an immersion treatment in HNO3 followed by thermal annealing at a moderate temperature of 100 °C, in the ambient air. We propose that the presented protocols for the ink preparation and the post-deposition treatments can in future serve as a facile and efficient platform for the fabrication of high-quality and residual-free SWCNT films. The purity of SWCNT films is of particular importance for sensing applications, where residual-induced doping and dedoping processes distort the contributions from the sensing specimen. To study the usability of the presented films for practical applications, gas sensors are fabricated and characterized with the CNT-films as the sensing material, screen printed silver-based films for the interdigitated electrode (IDE) structure, and polyimide as a flexible and robust substrate. The sensors show a high and stable response of 11% to an ammonia (NH3) test gas, at a concentration of 10 ppm.