Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE DISK EVAPORATION MODEL FOR THE SPECTRAL FEATURES OF LOW-LUMINOSITY ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI

Observations show that the accretion flows in low-luminosity active galactic nuclei probably have a two-component structure with an inner, hot, optically thin, advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF) and an outer, truncated, cool, optically thick accretion disk. As shown by Taam et al., the truncation radius as a function of mass accretion rate is strongly affected by including the magnetic field within the framework of disk evaporation model, i.e., an increase in the magnetic field results in a smaller truncation radius of the accretion disk. In this work, we calculate the emergent spectrum of an inner ADAF + an outer truncated accretion disk around a supermassive black hole based on the prediction by Taam et al. It is found that an increase in the magnetic field from β = 0.8 to β = 0.5 (with magnetic pressure pm = B2/8π = (1 − β)ptot, ptot = pgas + pm) results in a factor of ∼8.7 increase in the luminosity from the truncated accretion disk. Meanwhile, results of the peak emission of the truncated accretion disk shift toward a a factor of ∼5 higher frequency. We found that the equipartition of gas pressure to magnetic pressure, i.e., β = 0.5, failed to explain the observed anti-correlation between L2–10 keV/LEdd and the bolometric correction κ2–10 keV (with κ2–10 keV = Lbol/L2–10 keV). The emergent spectra for larger values of β = 0.8 or β = 0.95 can explain the observed L2–10 keV/LEdd–κ2–10 keV correlation. We argue that in the disk evaporation model, the electrons in the corona are assumed to be heated only by a transfer of energy from the ions to electrons via Coulomb collisions, which is reasonable for accretion with a lower mass accretion rate. Coulomb heating is the dominated heating mechanism for the electrons only if the magnetic field is strongly sub-equipartition, which is roughly consistent with observations.
Ambiguity of converting phase-averaged flux into luminosity for millisecond pulsars in gamma rays

We study a magnitude of possible over/underestimation of the actual gamma-ray luminosity L_{actual} of a millisecond pulsar when using so-called pseudo luminosity L_{pseudo} which is inferred from a phase-averaged flux. Both, L_{actual} and L_{pseudo} are calculated with the numerical code thatmodels the millisecond pulsar magnetospheric activity in the space charge limited flow approximation with unscreened accelerating electric field. The behaviour of L_{pseudo}/L_{actual} depending on viewing angle is analysed in the energy bands corresponding to the operational energy bands of Fermi GST and H.E. S.S. II.
Pedestrian detection system based on deep learning

Pedestrian detection is a rapidly growing field of computer vision with applications in smart cars, surveillance, automotive safety, and advanced robotics. Most of the success of the last few years has been driven by the rapid growth of deep learning, more efficient tools capable of learning semantic, high-level, deeper features of images are proposed. In this article, we investigated the task of pedestrian detection on roads using models based on convolutional neural networks. We compared the performance of standard state-of-the-art object detectors like Faster region-based convolutional network (R-CNN), single shot detector (SSD), and you only look once, version 3 (YOLOv3). Results show that YOLOv3 is the best object detection model than others for pedestrians in terms of detection and time prediction.
A fast practical algorithm for the vertex separation of unicyclic graphs

The vertex separation of a graph is the minimum vertex separation of a linear layout of that graph over all its linear layouts. A linear layout of a graph is an arrangement of its vertices in a line and the vertex separation of a linear layout is maximum number of vertices to the left of any intervertex "gap" that are adjacent to vertices to the right of that gap, over all gaps. A unicyclic graph is a connected graph with precisely one cycle that is, a tree plus an extra edge. We present a O ( n l g n ) algorithm to compute the optimal vertex separation of unicyclic graphs. The algorithm is "practical" in the sense that i t is easily implementable. Furthermore, the algorithm outputs a layout for the unicyclic graph of minimum vertex separation.
Magnetohydrostatic equilibrium - I. Three-dimensional open magnetic flux tube in the stratified solar atmosphere

A system of multiple open magnetic flux tubes spanning the solar photosphere and lower corona is modeled analytically, within a realistic stratified atmosphere subject to solar gravity. This extends results for a single magnetic flux tube in magnetohydrostatic equilibrium, described in Gent et al. Self-similar magnetic flux tubes are combined to form magnetic structures, which are consistent with high-resolution observations. The observational evidence supports the existence of strands of open flux tubes and loops persisting in a relatively steady state. Self-similar magnetic flux tubes, for which an analytic solution to the plasma density and pressure distribution is possible, are combined. We calculate the appropriate balancing forces, applying to the equations of momentum and energy conservation to preserve equilibrium. Multiplex flux tube configurations are observed to remain relatively stable for up to a day or more, and it is our aim to apply our model as the background condition for numerical studies of energy transport mechanisms from the solar surface to the corona. We apply magnetic field strength, plasma density, pressure, and temperature distributions consistent with observational and theoretical estimates for the lower solar atmosphere. Although each flux tube is identical in construction apart from the location of the radial axis, combinations can be applied to generate a non-axisymmetric magnetic field with multiple non-uniform flux tubes. This is a considerable step forward in modeling the realistic magnetized three-dimensional equilibria of the solar atmosphere.
Searches for Higgs boson pair production in the $hh\to bb\tau\tau, \gamma\gamma WW*, \gamma\gamma bb, bbbb$ channels with the ATLAS detector

Searches for both resonant and non-resonant Higgs boson pair production are performed in the $hh\to bb\tau\tau, \gamma\gamma WW^*$ final states using 20.3 fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No evidence of their production is observed and 95\% confidence level upper limits on the production cross sections are set. These results are then combined with the published results of the $hh\to \gamma\gamma bb, bbbb$ analyses. An upper limit of 0.69 (0.47) pb on the non-resonant Standard Model like $hh$ production is observed (expected), corresponding to 70 (48) times of the SM $gg\to hh$ cross section. For production via narrow resonances, cross section limits of $hh$ production from a heavy Higgs boson decay are set as a function of the heavy Higgs boson mass. The observed (expected) limits range from 2.1 (1.1) pb at 260 GeV to 0.011 (0.018) pb at 1000 GeV. These results are interpreted in the context of two simplified scenarios of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model.
Pairing and radio-frequency spectroscopy in two-dimensional Fermi gases

We theoretically study the normal phase properties of strongly interacting two-component Fermi gases in two spatial dimensions. In the limit of weak attraction, we find that the gas can be described in terms of effective polarons. As the attraction between fermions increases, we find a crossover from a gas of non-interacting polarons to a pseudogap regime. We investigate how this crossover is manifested in the radio-frequency (rf) spectroscopy. Our findings qualitatively explain the differences in the recent rf spectroscopy measurements of two-dimensional Fermi gases [Sommer et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 045302 (2012) and Zhang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 235302 (2012)].
Binary dynamics from spin1-spin2 coupling at fourth post-Newtonian order

We calculate via the effective field theory (EFT) approach the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) spin1-spin2 conservative potential for a binary. Hereby, we first demonstrate the ability of the EFT approach to go at NNLO in post-Newtonian (PN) corrections from spin effects. The NNLO spin1-spin2 interaction is evaluated at fourth PN order for a binary of maximally rotating compact objects. This sector includes contributions from diagrams, which are not pure spin1-spin2 diagrams, as they contribute through the leading-order spin accelerations and precessions, that should be first taken into account here. The fact that the spin is derivative-coupled adds significantly to the complexity of computations. In particular, for the irreducible two-loop diagrams, which are the most complicated to evaluate in this sector, irreducible two-loop tensor integrals up to order 4 are required. The EFT calculation is carried out in terms of the nonrelativistic gravitational (NRG) fields. However, not all of the benefits of the NRG fields apply to spin interactions, as all possible diagram topologies are realized at each order of $G$ included. Still, the NRG fields remain advantageous, and thus there was no use of automated computations in this work. Our final result can be reduced, and a corresponding Hamiltonian may be derived.
Production of gravitational waves in the nMSSM

During a strongly first-order phase transition gravitational waves are produced by bubble collisions and turbulent plasma motion. We analyze the relevant characteristics of the electroweak phase transition in the nMSSM to determine the generated gravitational wave signal. Additionally, we comment on correlations between the production of gravitational waves and baryogenesis. We conclude that the gravitational wave relic density in this model is generically too small to be detected in the near future by the LISA experiment. We also consider the case of a ‘standard model’ with dimension-six Higgs potential, which leads to a slightly stronger signal of gravitational waves.
Quench dynamics of the Tomonaga–Luttinger model with momentum-dependent interaction

We study the relaxation dynamics of the one-dimensional Tomonaga–Luttinger model after an interaction quench, paying particular attention to the momentum dependence of the two-particle interaction. Several potentials of different analytical forms are investigated that all lead to universal Luttinger liquid (LL) physics in equilibrium. The steady-state fermionic momentum distribution shows universal behavior in the sense of the LL phenomenology. For generic regular potentials, the large time decay of the momentum distribution function toward the steady-state value is characterized by a power law with a universal exponent that depends only on the potential at zero momentum transfer. The commonly employed ad hoc procedure fails to give this exponent. In addition to quenches from zero to positive interactions, we also consider the abrupt changes in the interaction between two arbitrary values. Additionally, we discuss the appearance of a factor of two between the steady-state momentum distribution function and that obtained in equilibrium at equal two-particle interaction.
Moving-update Kalman Algorithm in Low-cost Node-Red IoT Network for Estimating Flood Water Level

Flooding is one of the most common natural disasters in Vietnam. Although a hydrological monitoring system has been developed in Vietnam, the adoption of a Flood Warning and Monitoring System (FWMS) is still limited. A practical issue is that the river water levels is rarely flat, but undulating with flood water ripples, which makes the measurement inaccurate. In this paper, we will design a recursive Kalman estimation for fluctuating flood water level in the Node-Red IoT network. Indeed, the low complexity of the popular Kalman filter algorithm is very suitable for a low-cost IoT system like Node-Red. In our experiments, the accuracy of our Kalman algorithm is far superior to the standard Moving Average (MA) algorithm. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the Kalman filter has been used in a practical Node-Red IoT experiment. We will show that our novel Moving-update Kalman algorithm, which combines MA and Kalman methods, can track data recursively without prior knowledge of noise’s variance. Our novel algorithm is of linear complexity and, hence, fast enough for low cost IoT and FWMS systems in developing countries like Vietnam. We also included the industrial Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol in IoT network in our Node-Red system, which means our designed Node-Red proposal is capable of transferring data to any FWMS network via internet. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
Miniaturized Broadband Dual-Polarized Dipole Antenna Based on Multiple Resonances and its Array for Base-Station Applications

A novel bandwidth enhancement method using loading multiple parasitic structures to realize broadband miniaturized antenna is proposed. Based on the proposed strategies, one miniaturized wideband dual-polarized dipole antenna covering LTE/CDMA/GSM bands (690–960 MHz) for base-station application is designed. The antenna consists of two folded bowtie-shaped dipoles fed with a pair of crossed baluns, and is further loaded on a ceramic block with high permittivity (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varepsilon$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) for miniaturization. A parasitical square loop is loaded for bandwidth enhancement at a lower frequency. In addition, four split rings with a small square loop are firstly adopted for antenna resonance tuning, the impedance bandwidth is thus improved effectively. The antenna size is only <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.18\,\times \,0.18\,\times \, 0.22\,\,\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at the center frequency. The measured result of the fabricated prototype exhibits a relatively large operation bandwidth of 32.73% (VSWR < 1.6) with stable radiation patterns and relatively flat broadside gains. Moreover, to verify the feasibility of the proposed miniaturized antenna element in the base-station application, an array of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\,\times \, 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is further designed. The measured results of the array indicate isolation over 20 dB with an impedance bandwidth of 32%. Due to the good performance and compact feature, the proposed miniaturized broadband antenna element can find large application potential in multiband wireless communication base stations.
Efficient Semi-Analytical Method for the Analysis of Large Finite Connected Slot Arrays

We present an efficient method for the analysis of finite connected slot arrays in the presence of stratified media. The formulation is based on a spectral method of moments, where only one basis function is considered for each array element and one for each slot edge. An expression for the mutual impedance is derived in terms of a double spectral integral. Asymptotic extraction techniques are employed to largely reduce the computation time of one of the spectral integrals. For the other integral, when a guided wave contribution dominates the mutual coupling between two array elements, the result can be approximated as the residue of the spectral polar singularity, providing a closed-form solution of the coupling for elements at electrically large distances. The complete method enables simulations of entire finite arrays with hundreds or even thousands of elements in minutes. The same structure would require impractical computation time when analyzed with general-purpose commercial software. The method allows estimating the performance of finite connected arrays. This is particularly relevant because wideband connected arrays are known to exhibit higher edge effects compared to narrowband arrays, due to the high interelement mutual coupling.
The meV mass frontier of axion physics

We explore consequences of the idea that the cooling speed of white dwarfs can be interpreted in terms of axion emission. In this case the Yukawa coupling to electrons has to be g_{ae} 10^-13, corresponding to an axion mass of a few meV. Axions then provide only a small fraction of the cosmic cold dark matter, whereas core-collapse supernovae release a large fraction of their energy in the form of axions. We estimate the diffuse supernova axion background (DSAB) in the universe, consisting of 30 MeV-range axions with a radiation density comparable to the extra-galactic background light. The DSAB would be challenging to detect. However, axions with white-dwarf inspired parameters can be accessible in a next generation axion helioscope.
Sustainability Rating Systems for Historic Buildings: A Systematic Review

Historic buildings are an integral part of the built environment that have historical, cultural, social, and economic value. Sustainable conservation/rehabilitation/renovation of historic buildings that will perform well for decades is therefore critical. Numerous sustainability-rating systems (e.g., LEED, BREEAM, DGNB, etc.) have been developed to deal with broader sustainability objectives in the design of new buildings, which are not adequate/sufficient in intervention in historic buildings. This paper aims to study and explore rating systems for historic buildings. It is hypothesized that using rating systems can help historic buildings achieve more sustainable outcomes. The paper begins by presenting comprehensive background information on existing sustainability-rating systems worldwide, followed by a systematic review of the literature on rating systems for historic buildings. The PRISMA flowchart (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) was used, searching Science Direct and Google Scholar databases. The study reveals most current studies focus on environmental aspects, such as improving the energy efficiency of historic buildings, which results in lowering economic costs and increasing occupant satisfaction with the indoor environment. We argue that all three traditional dimensions of sustainability should be balanced when developing or adapting the next generation of rating systems to assess/address the sustainability of historic buildings.
Benchmark calculation of p-3H and n-3He scattering

p-H3 and n-He3 scattering in the energy range above the n-He3 but below the d-d thresholds is studied by solving the four-nucleon problem with a realistic nucleon-nucleon interaction. Three different methods—Alt, Grassberger, and Sandhas, hyperspherical harmonics, and Faddeev–Yakubovsky—have been employed and their results for both elastic and charge-exchange processes are compared. We observe a good agreement between the three different methods, thus the obtained results may serve as a benchmark. A comparison with the available experimental data is also reported and discussed.
Many-body delocalization with random vector potentials

We study the ergodic properties of excited states in a model of interacting fermions in quasi-one-dimensional chains subjected to a random vector potential. In the noninteracting limit, we show that arbitrarily small values of this complex off-diagonal disorder trigger localization for the whole spectrum; the divergence of the localization length in the single-particle basis is characterized by a critical exponent $\nu$ which depends on the energy density being investigated. When short-range interactions are included, the localization is lost, and the system is ergodic regardless of the magnitude of disorder in finite chains. Our numerical results suggest a delocalization scheme for arbitrary small values of interactions. This finding indicates that the standard scenario of the many-body localization cannot be obtained in a model with random gauge fields.
Review of Gray's beaked whale (Mesoplodon grayi) in the South East Pacific

Information collected from a complete female juvenile individual of Gray's beaked whale (Mesoplodon grayi) stranded on the Guanaqueros coast, Coquimbo Region in Chile (30°S) is provided. Difficulties to differentiate specimens of Gray's beaked whale and Hector’s beaked whale (M. hectori) are discussed based on the use of diagnostic phenotypic characters, such as differences in color patterns and position of teeth on the lower jaw. The identification of the studied specimen as Gray's beaked whale was supported by a detailed review of cranial characters and molecular analyses. Finally, we provide an updated list containing all known Chilean records for this species.
Accretion onto a moving Reissner-Nordström black hole

We obtain an analytic solution for accretion of a gaseous medium with a adiabatic equation of state (P=ρ) onto a Reissner-Nordström black hole which moves at a constant velocity through the medium. We obtain the specific expression for each component of the velocity and present the mass accretion rate which depends on the mass and the electric charge. The result we obtained may be helpful to understand the physical mechanism of accretion onto a moving black hole.
TRIGONOMETRIC PARALLAXES OF MASSIVE STAR-FORMING REGIONS: III. G59.7+0.1 AND W 51 IRS2

We report trigonometric parallaxes for G59.7+0.1 and W 51 IRS2, corresponding to distances of 2.16+0.10−0.09 kpc and 5.1+2.9−1.4 kpc, respectively. The distance to G59.7+0.1 is smaller than its near kinematic distance and places it between the Carina-Sagittarius and Perseus spiral arms, probably in the Local (Orion) spur. The distance to W 51 IRS2, while subject to significant uncertainty, is close to its kinematic distance and places it near the tangent point of the Carina-Sagittarius arm. It also agrees well with a recent estimate based on O-type star spectro/photometry. Combining the distances and proper motions with observed radial velocities gives the full space motions of the star-forming regions. We find modest deviations of 5–10 km s−1 from circular Galactic orbits for these sources, both counter to Galactic rotation and toward the Galactic center.
Gravitational Waves from Merging Intermediate-mass Black Holes. II. Event Rates at Ground-based Detectors

Based on a dynamical formation model of a supermassive black hole (SMBH), we estimate the expected observational profile of gravitational waves at ground-based detectors, such as KAGRA or advanced LIGO/VIRGO. Noting that the second generation of detectors have enough sensitivity from 10 Hz and up (especially with KAGRA owing to its location at less seismic noise), we are able to detect the ring-down gravitational wave of a BH with mass . This enables us to check the sequence of BH mergers to SMBHs via intermediate-mass BHs. We estimate the number density of galaxies from the halo formation model and estimate the number of BH mergers from the giant molecular cloud model assuming hierarchical growth of merged cores. At the designed KAGRA (and/or advanced LIGO/VIRGO), we find that the BH merger of its total mass is at the peak of the expected mass distribution. With its signal-to-noise ratio , we estimate the event rate per year in the most optimistic case, and we also find that BH mergers in the range are per year for . Thus, if we observe a BH with more than in future gravitational-wave observations, our model naturally explains its source.