Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE PERFORMANCE OF TWO ANTENNA DESIGN SHAPES IN ULTRA-WIDEBAND WIRELESS APPLICATIONS

The extensive requirements for small Ultra wideband (UWB) communication systems lead to design active and small size antennas. In this research two rectangular microstrip antennas were designed to cover the UWB operating frequency of 7.5 GHz starting from 3.1 GHz up to 10.6 GHz. The simulation and prototype designs are presented in this paper using CST microwave studio software tools and printed circuit board, respectively. The designs satisfy the requirements of UWB technology and according to the geometrical shape, one is called prong-shape patch antenna and the other is rake-shape patch antenna. The simulated results for return loss (S11) and radiation pattern have been demonstrated that the antenna designs are suitable for UWB communication systems. The measured results for same parameters were concluded by network analyzer and anechoic chamber to reinforce the performance of these antennas in wireless UWB applications. After confirming the performance of these designs, the comparison was done between the two to see the advantages in use. Keyword: Ultra wideband, prong-shaped and rake-shaped antennas return loss (S11), omni-directional radiation patterns.
Modelling housing prices in Singapore applying spatial hedonic regression

A hedonic housing price model for Singapore is developed in order to generate input data for agent-based modelling at the ETH Future Cities Laboratory. Around 110’000 asking and transaction price listings from online sources are used for the study. The sample contains observations from both the private and the HDB market and includes sale and rental housing units. Asking prices (expected preferences) are found to be up to 70% higher than transaction prices (revealed preferences). Spatial error models perform better than other modelling approaches. Unit prices are found to be mainly determined by the floor area, the distance to the central business district and the age. Depending on the market segment, between ten and twenty-five variables add significant explanatory power to the models. Housing preferences are found to vary between different market segments while model estimates show similar impacts of the most important price determinants. Therefore the price difference can be modeled with a constant. Spatial error models performed best and geographically weighted regression models point to spatially varying housing preferences. In dieser Arbeit wird ein hedonisches Preismodell fur Wohnimmobilien in Singapur entwickelt, welches fur die Etablierung eines Agenten-basierten Simulationsmodells am ETH Future Cities Laboratory benotigt wird. Die Datenbasis umfasst rund 110'000 Beobachtungen von Angebots- und Transaktionspreisen. Sowohl der private als auch der offentliche Immobiliensektor sind im Sample reprasentiert. Die besten Modellguten werden mit raumlich autoregressiven Modellierungsansatzen erreicht. Die Schatzungen zeigen, dass Wohnungspreise in Singpur hauptsachlich durch die Wohnflache, die Distanz zum "Central Business District" and durch das Alter determiniert sind. Abhangig vom Marktsegement sind zwischen zehn und funfundzwanzig Variablen signifikant fur die Erklarung der Preise. Angebotspreise sind bis zu 70% hoher als Transaktionspreise, weisen aber eine sehr ahnliche Praferenzstruktur auf. Der Preisunterschied kann daher naherungsweise mit einer Konstante modelliert werden. Zusatzlich durchgefuhrte geographisch gewichtete Regressionen deuten auf raumlich variierende Wohungspraferenzen hin.
The Microbial Community of the Respiratory Tract of Commercial Chickens and Turkeys

Respiratory tract health critically affects the performance of commercial poultry. This report presents data on the microbial community in these organs from a comprehensive study of laying chickens and turkey breeders. The main objective was to characterize and compare the compositions of the respiratory system bacteria isolated from birds of different ages and geographical locations in Poland. Using samples from 28 turkey and 26 chicken flocks, the microbial community was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. There was great variability between flocks. The diversity and abundance of upper respiratory tract (URT) bacteria was greater in chickens than in turkeys. At the phyla level, the URT of the chickens was heavily colonized by Proteobacteria, which represented 66.4% of the total microbiota, while in turkeys, this phylum constituted 42.6% of all bacteria. Firmicutes bacteria were more abundant in turkeys (43.2%) than in chickens (24.1%). The comparison of the respiratory tracts at the family and genus levels showed the diversity and abundance of amplicon sequence variants (ASV) differing markedly between the species. Potentially pathogenic bacteria ASV were identified in the respiratory tract, which are not always associated with clinical signs, but may affect bird productivity and performance. The data obtained, including characterization of the bacterial composition found in the respiratory system, may be useful for developing effective interventions strategies to improve production performance and prevent and control disease in commercial laying chickens and turkeys.
Transport Effects on Capacitance-Frequency Analysis for Defect Characterization in Organic Photovoltaic Devices

: Using capacitance − frequency (C-f) analysis to characterize density-of-states (DOS) distribution of defects has been well established for inorganic thin film photovoltaic devices. While C-f analysis has also been applied to bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, we show that the low carrier mobility in the BHJ material can severely alter the C-f behaviors and lead to misinterpretations. Due to the complicated nature of disorders in organic materials, artifacts from an erroneous C-f analysis are difficult to identify. Here we compare drift-diffusion simulations with experiments to reveal situations when the validity of C-f analysis for defect characterization breaks down. When a flat-band region is present in the low-mobility active layer, the capacitive response cannot follow the electrical modulation and behaves as if the active layer is a dielectric at frequencies higher than the characteristic frequency determined by carrier mobility and thickness. The transition produces a fictitious shallow defect when defect analysis is applied. Even in fully depleted devices, the defect distributions derived from C-f analysis can appear at spuriously deeper energies if the mobility is too low. Through simulations, we determine the ranges of mobility and thickness for which the C-f analysis can effectively yield credible defect DOS information. Insight from this study also shed light on transport limitation when using capacitance spectroscopy for defect characterization in general.
FSH and bone: Comparison between males with central versus primary hypogonadism

Objective Experimental studies proposed a direct effect of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on the skeletal metabolism, but results of human studies mainly conducted in females are controversial. The present study aims to investigate the possible role of FSH excess in male bone health, by comparing for the first time primary and central hypogonadism. Design and Methods 119 men were enrolled in this cross-sectional observational study at the time of the first diagnosis of hypogonadism. All participants had spontaneous pubertal development. Regarding patients with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (Hyper-H), Klinefelter syndrome (KS) patients were distinguished from the other forms (non-KS-Hyper-H) based on the onset of FSH elevation. Bone mineral density (BMD) at both lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN), as well as the prevalence of morphometric vertebral fractures (VFx), were assessed. Results Across the whole cohort, higher LS and FN BMD were associated with older age at diagnosis and higher body mass index (BMI), respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders (age at diagnosis, BMI, smoking habits, degree of hypogonadism defined by calculated free testosterone, and 25OH vitamin D levels), non-KS-Hyper-H patients showed significantly lower LS BMD and tended to show lower FN BMD values, as compared to those with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (Hypo-H). In KS men, LS BMD was significantly lower than in those with non-KS-Hyper-H. No significant differences in the prevalence of VFx were found between the groups. Conclusions These findings suggest a potential negative effect of FSH excess on the male bone mass, especially at spine. The duration of high FSH levels may also contribute to these findings.
Novel model of synchronous reluctance motors including magnetic saturation and its sensorless control

In this paper, we discuss a mathematical model that accounts for magnetic saturation in synchronous reluctance motors and we derive a novel mathematical model called extended EMF. In synchronous reluctance motors, since large currents cause magnetic saturation, it is necessary for a precise sensorless control to give it every consideration. We propose here the extended EMF model, which accounts for magnetic saturation, and we apply it to an estimation position method. We also discuss the d-axis directions of a motor model and determine an appropriate d-axis direction for the sensorless control. The experimental results verified that position estimations differ because of differences between the two d-axis directions. The results also demonstrate the success of the proposed sensor-less control based on the extended EMF model.
Peri-Articular Injection of Tranexamic Acid Reduce Blood Loss and Transfusion Requirement During Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Meta-analysis

Background The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of peri-articular injection of tranexamic acid (TXA) during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) from clinical controlled trials. Method Eligible scientific articles published prior to October 2021 were retrieved from the PubMed, Springer, ScienceDirect and Cochrane Library databases. The statistical analysis was performed with RevMan 5.1. Result 2 RCTs and 3 non-RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed significant differences in terms of hemoglobin reduction (MD = −1.04, 95% CI: −1.33 to −.76, P < .00001), total blood loss (MD = −342.80.70, 95% CI: −437.52 to −248.08, P < .00001), drainage volume (MD = −297.24, 95% CI: −497.26 to −97.23, P = .004) and blood transfusion rate (OR = .30, 95% CI: .14 to .62, P = .001) were found in the control group. No postoperative infection and deep venous thrombosis were found between 2 groups. Conclusion Peri-articular injection of TXA can effectively decrease perioperative blood loss and blood transfusion rate without increasing the incidence of postoperative complications during TKA.
Using models to establish the most financially optimum expansion strategy for Irish dairy farms

Determining the impact of a change of management on differing farm characteristics is a significant challenge in the evolution of dairy systems, due to the interacting components of complex biological systems. In this study the impact of increased concentrate supplementation and/or an increase in grazing intensity is simulated to determine the effect on the farm system and its economic performance. Three different grazing systems (with three different stocking rates 1.9, 2.2 and 2.5 cows per hectare, three different post-grazing heights 5.2, 4.5 and 3.8 cm, three different nitrogen fertilisation rates 160, 200 and 250 kg per ha) and four different concentrate-supplementation strategies (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 Mg per lactation) resulting in 12 different scenarios were simulated. Three different models (Moorepark Grass Growth Model, Pasture Base Herd Dynamic Milk model and the Moorepark Dairy Systems Model) were integrated and simulated in order to simulate the different scenarios. Overall, this study has shown that increasing concentrate supplementation generally resulted in a reduction in farm profitability, while in general increasing grazing intensity resulted in an increase in farm profitability.
Head pose estimation algorithm based on deep learning

Head pose estimation has been widely used in the field of artificial intelligence, pattern recognition and intelligent human-computer interaction and so on. Good head pose estimation algorithm should deal with light, noise, identity, shelter and other factors robustly, but so far how to improve the accuracy and robustness of attitude estimation remains a major challenge in the field of computer vision. A method based on deep learning for pose estimation is presented. Deep learning with a strong learning ability, it can extract high-level image features of the input image by through a series of non-linear operation, then classifying the input image using the extracted feature. Such characteristics have greater differences in pose, while they are robust of light, identity, occlusion and other factors. The proposed head pose estimation is evaluated on the CAS-PEAL data set. Experimental results show that this method is effective to improve the accuracy of pose estimation.
Measuring university students' attitudes toward Facebook advertising

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the attitude of university students toward Facebook advertising. More specifically, the conceptual framework of this study is divided into two main sections displaying attitudes toward Facebook advertising. The first section is the Facebook related variables; the second one is the user related section. Design/methodology/approach - In order to achieve the purpose of this study a wellstructured quantitative survey was conducted by distributing 525 questionnaires to the students of the College of Management and Technology in Alexandria, Egypt. Consequently, the proposed hypotheses were tested using SPSS. As matter of fact, several analytical techniques such: the reliability, descriptive analysis, sample description, correlation analysis and a linear regression analysis were run. Findings - The results show that credibility has the highest effect on attitude toward Facebook advertising. Furthermore, the results indicate that the least significant variable is the irritation variable. Research limitations/implications –The sample was restricted to students of only one university in Egypt. Practical implications – Some of the findings of this research trace the important factors that any marketers have to put into consideration when advertising through Facebook or their Facebook pages. The most significant variable of the conceptual framework is the credibility of Facebook. Originality/value – Through literature review it has been revealed that no similar research exists in Egypt. The findings of this study will aid Egyptian and multinational marketers operating in Egypt advertisers in recognizing the possibility and significance of advertising on Facebook.
A novel cooperative ant-based clustering approach for wireless multimedia sensor networks

ONTARE. REVISTA DE INVESTIGACION DE LA FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA This Cluster has been well received as one of the most effective solutions to enhance energy efficiency and scalability of large-scale wireless sensor networks. However, it is rather challenging to conforma cohesive group of Clusters having permanent communication among Cluster heads. In this paper, a unique look at the Cluster head election problem is taken into account, specifically concentrating on applications in which the formation and maintenance of a virtual backbone among Cluster heads is the main requirement. Our approach for Cluster-based network organization is based on the use of collective social agents in order to lead the formation of these Clusters. Our algorithm uses ants to choose good Cluster head candidates and to create a virtual backbone among these router nodes.
Description of collective behaviour in football according to the level of competence in representative tasks from positional data: Systematic review

The aim of this systematic review is to provide a base of knowledge from studies that have dealt with the description of collective behaviour in young footballers according to the level of competence associated to that age group, taking representative tasks from positional data as our starting point. Following the PRISMA statement a systematic revision was carried out on three meta-search engines (PubMed, Web of Science and SportDiscus). The following key words were used in the search: football, tactical behaviour, positional data and age-group, together with their equivalents. Of the 423 articles identified, 11 fulfilled the inclusion requirements. The main results suggest that: the variables made up of the joining of two points with a line (Width, Length and distance between dyads) and the collective area covered increase with age; however, the individual area tends to reduce. The increase in level of competence appears to require a greater functional variability in order to generate uncertainty and to counteract that of the opposing team. These results could allow trainers to identify on which tactical behaviour to focus intervention with the aim of fostering optimal development according the age.
Brief Post-Surgical Stress Management Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Overweight and Obese Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Primary Treatment

Background: Overweight and obese (OW/OB) body mass index (BMI) is associated with greater inflammation and poorer outcomes in breast cancer (BC). Stress management interventions using cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and relaxation training (RT) have reduced inflammation in BC patients but have not been tested specifically in OW/OB patients undergoing primary treatment. We developed brief CBT and RT-based group interventions and tested their effects (vs time-matched Health Education [HE] control) on serum inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α) in OW/OB vs normal weight (NW) BC patients during primary treatment. We hypothesized OW/OB women would show higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, and that stress management would decrease these cytokines more in OW/OB women than in NW women. Methods: Stage 0 – III BC patients were enrolled post-surgery and before initiating adjuvant therapy, were randomized to either 5 weeks of CBT, RT, or HE, and provided questionnaires and blood samples at baseline and 6-months. Serum cytokine levels were measured by ELISA. Repeated measures analysis of variance tested the interaction of condition by BMI by time in predicting cytokine levels over 6 months, controlling for age, stage, ethnicity, and income. Results: The sample (N = 153) majority was OW/OB (55.6%). We found differences in baseline IL-6 and IL-1β across BMI categories, with greater IL-6 (p < 0.005) and IL-1β (p < 0.04) in OW and OB vs NW women, but no difference between OW and OB women. There were no differences in baseline TNF-α among BMI groups. BMI category moderated the effect of brief stress management interventions on IL-6 changes over 6-months (p = 0.028): CBT/RT vs HE decreased IL-6 in OW/OB (p = 0.045) but not in NW patients (p = 0.664). There were no effects on IL-1β or TNF-α. Results could not be explained by differences in receipt of adjuvant therapy, prescription medications, or changes in physical activity. Conclusions: OW/OB women with newly diagnosed BC had significantly greater serum IL-6 and IL-1β than NW women post-surgery. Brief stress management delivered with primary treatment among OW/OB patients may reduce the increases in inflammatory markers known to accompany adjuvant treatments and could thus promote better outcomes. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT02103387.
Artificial intelligence—electrocardiography to detect atrial fibrillation: trend of probability before and after the first episode

Abstract Aims Artificial intelligence (AI) enabled electrocardiography (ECG) can detect latent atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with sinus rhythm (SR). However, the change of AI-ECG probability before and after the first AF episode is not well characterized. We sought to characterize the temporal trend of AI-ECG AF probability around the first episode of AF. Methods and results We retrospectively studied adults who had at least one ECG in SR prior to an ECG that documented AF. An AI network calculated the AF probability from ECGs during SR (positive defined >8.7%, based on optimal sensitivity and specificity). The AI-ECG probability was reported prior to and after the first episode of AF and stratified by age and CHA2DS2-VASc score. Mixed effect models were used to assess the rate of change between time points. A total of 59 212 patients with 544 330 ECGs prior to AF and 413 486 ECGs after AF were included. The mean time between the first positive AI-ECG and first AF was 5.4 ± 5.7 years. The mean AI-ECG probability was 19.8% 2–5 years prior to AF, 23.6% 1–2 years prior to AF, 34.0% 0–3 months prior to AF, 40.9% 0–3 months after AF, 35.2% 1–2 years after AF, and 42.2% 2–5 years after AF (P < 0.001). The rate of increase prior to AF was higher for age >50 years CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥4. Conclusion The AI-ECG probability progressively increases with time prior to the first AF episode, transiently decreases 1–2 years following AF and continues to increase thereafter.
Numerical Analysis and Experimental Study of the Laser Cleaning of Ceramic Insulator Contamination

Contamination flashover of insulators is one of the main threats to the safety of power systems, and regular cleaning of insulator surface pollution is an effective solution to this problem. In this paper, the laser cleaning of ceramic insulators is studied via simulations and experiments. The adhesion between a contamination layer and an insulator surface is estimated. A laser cleaning model for contaminated insulators is established, and a numerical analysis of the thermal stress field distribution characteristics of laser cleaning is carried out. Various factors that affect the thermal stress field distribution, including the laser power, laser scanning speed and thickness of the contamination layer, are also analysed. The optimal cleaning parameters for the best performance of laser cleaning are obtained through simulation and experiments. The result shows if the equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD) is 0.05 mg/cm2, and the nonsoluble deposit density (NSDD) is 0.25 mg/cm2, the best cleaning effect could be achieved when the laser power is 100 W and the scanning speed reached 6000 mm/s.
Real exchange rates and remittance inflows in Jamaica

Large remittance inflows (remittances) can have several positive economic impacts, but they can also lead to real exchange rate appreciation and a loss of international competitiveness for recipient countries, or the Dutch disease effect of remittances. Using Jamaican data from 1977 to 2019, we test for the existence of this effect. After applying autoregressive bounds and Granger causality testing, we arrive at three findings. First, there is a long run cointegrating relationship running from remittances to the real exchange rate, where 64% of any perturbation from this relationship is corrected within one year. Second, we find that a 1% increase in remittances leads to a 0.53% appreciation of the real exchange rate in the long run. The Dutch disease effect exists in Jamaica. Third, consistent with the long run results, we find that remittances Granger cause the real exchange rate in the short run. An important policy implication of our findings is that the Jamaican government should channelize remittances to capital investment in the tradeable sector, while focusing on improving trade competitiveness to compensate for the deterioration of the country's terms of trade due to remittances’ impact on the real exchange rate.