Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Operationalization and Validation of the Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries (STEADI) Fall Risk Algorithm in a Nationally Representative Sample

Background—Preventing falls and fall-related injuries among older adults is a public health priority. The Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries (STEADI) tool was developed to promote fall risk screening and encourage coordination between clinical and community-based fall prevention resources; however, little is known about the tool’s predictive validity or adaptability to survey data. Methods—Data from five annual rounds (2011–2015) of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), a representative cohort of adults age 65 and older in the US. Analytic sample respondents (n=7,392) were categorized at baseline as having low, moderate, or high fall risk according to the STEADI algorithm adapted for use with NHATS data. Logistic mixed-effects regression was used to estimate the association between baseline fall risk and subsequent falls and mortality. Analyses incorporated complex sampling and weighting elements to permit inferences at a national level. Results—Participants classified as having moderate and high fall risk had 2.62 (95% CI: 2.29, 2.99) and 4.76 (95% CI: 3.51, 6.47) times greater odds of falling during follow-up compared to those with low risk, respectively, controlling for sociodemographic and health related risk factors for falls. High fall risk was also associated with greater likelihood of falling multiple times annually but not with greater risk of mortality. LICENSE FOR PUBLICATION The Corresponding Author has the right to grant on behalf of all authors and does grant on behalf of all authors, an exclusive licence on a worldwide basis to the BMJ Publishing Group Ltd to permit this article (if accepted) to be published in JECH and any other BMJPGL products and sublicences such use and exploit all subsidiary rights, as set out in our licence (http://group.bmj.com/products/journals/instructions-for-authors/licence-forms). Corresponding Author: Matthew Lohman, PhD, MHS, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Psychiatry, 46 Centerra Parkway, Suite 200, Lebanon, NH 03766, matt.lohman@gmail.com. CONFLICT OF INTERESTS Competing Interest: None declared. HHS Public Access Author manuscript J Epidemiol Community Health. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 December 14. Published in final edited form as: J Epidemiol Community Health. 2017 December ; 71(12): 1191–1197. doi:10.1136/jech-2017-209769. A uhor M anscript
Summer Arctic Atmospheric Circulation Response to Spring Eurasian Snow Cover and Its Possible Linkage to Accelerated Sea Ice Decrease

AbstractAnticyclonic circulation has intensified over the Arctic Ocean in summer during recent decades. However, the underlying mechanism is, as yet, not well understood. Here, it is shown that earlier spring Eurasian snowmelt leads to anomalously negative sea level pressure (SLP) over Eurasia and positive SLP over the Arctic, which has strong projection on the negative phase of the northern annular mode (NAM) in summer through the wave–mean flow interaction. Specifically, earlier spring snowmelt over Eurasia leads to a warmer land surface, because of reduced surface albedo. The warmed surface amplifies stationary Rossby waves, leading to a deceleration of the subpolar jet. As a consequence, rising motion is enhanced over the land, and compensating subsidence and adiabatic heating occur in the Arctic troposphere, forming the negative NAM. The intensified anticyclonic circulation has played a contributing role in accelerating the sea ice decline observed during the last two decades. The results here provid.
Mechanical ventilation & cooling energy versus thermal comfort : A study of mixed mode office building performance in Abu Dhabi

In hot climates, office building ventilation and cooling dual operation can cause high energy consumption in order to maintain thermal comfort limits. Using mixed mode ventilation and cooling operation, incorporation of natural ventilation strategies can offer significant reductions in annual energy consumption. Natural ventilation operation can be used with an external air temperature ranging from 24 to 28C. Within this paper, a literature on thermal comfort is completed to understand temperature limits for hot climates. This work details theoretical model analysis of a simple mixed mode office building located in a hot climate, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. This is completed using dynamic thermal simulation. The aim of this work is to evaluate the impacts on mechanical ventilation and cooling energy when raising internal comfort temperatures beyond 24C; to a maximum of 28C. Time/temperature analysis is completed for different months of the year to ascertain when thermal comfort temperatures are exceeded and full mechanical operation is required. Results from this analysis show yearly ventilation and cooling energy savings ranging between 21-39% and demonstrate that higher mechanical cooling set point operations can be achieved when human occupants have access to openable windows.
Title: Quantitative proteomic profiling of bovine follicular fluid during follicle development Running title: Proteomics of bovine follicular fluid Summary sentence: The protein dynamic changes in ovarian follicle microenvironment during the follicle development are critical for follicular maturatio

Bovine follicular fluid (FF) constitutes the microenvironment of follicles and includes various biologically active proteins. We performed a study involving 18 healthy non-lactating Holstein cows to determine the protein expression profile of FF at key-stages of follicular development. Follicles were individually aspirated in vivo at pre-deviation (F17.0mm); deviation (F18.5mm); post-deviation (F112.0mm); and pre-ovulatory stages of follicle development, which were confirmed by measurement of follicular estradiol and progesterone concentrations. The FF from nine cows were selected for proteomic analysis. After albumin depletion, triplicates of pooled FF were reduced, alkylated, and digested with trypsin. The resulting peptides were labelled with TMTsixplex and quantified using LC-MS/MS. A total of 143 proteins was identified and assigned to a variety of biological processes, including response to stimulus and metabolic processes. Twenty-two differentially (P<0.05) expressed proteins were found between Downloaded from https://academic.oup. com/biolreprod/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/biolre/iox148/4631041 by University of Glasgow user on 08 December 2017 stages indicating intrafollicular changes over development, with expected deviation time critical to modulate the protein expression. For instance, high concentrations of follistatin, inhibin, serglycin, spondin-1, fibrinogen, and anti-testosterone antibody were found during early stages of follicular development. In contrast, apolipoprotein H, alpha-2-macroglobulin, plasminogen, antithrombin-III, and immunoglobulins were increased after deviation. Amongst the differentially abundant proteins, 19 were found to be associated with steroidogenesis. Pathway analysis identified proteins that were mainly associated with the acute phase response signaling, coagulation system, complement system, liver/retinoid X receptor activation, and biosynthesis of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen. The differentially expressed proteins provide insights into the size-dependent protein changes in the ovarian follicle microenvironment that could influence follicular function.
On the Use of Expectations Data in Estimating Structural Dynamic Choice Models

Despite the importance of expectations in models of decision behavior under uncertainty, few empirical economists have made use of subjective expectations data in estimating such models. Assuming that expectations about future behavior accurately portray optimal future behavior conditional on current information, it is shown that such data can provide similar information about the decision process as can data on current or retrospective behavior. The value of self-reported choice expectations is illustrated by using information on respondents' expected future occupation in the estimation of a structural dynamic model of teacher career decisions under uncertainty.
The Digital Dormer - Applying for Building Permits Online

This paper discusses the objectives, functionality, and implementation of a tool that supports the online application for building permits for dormers. Using the simple interaction of this tool, civilians can design a dormer on their house and receive feedback on the necessity to request a building permit for the dor- mer. The tool also provides feedback on whether or not the design of the dormer passes the criteria that are posed by national and local authorities regarding the aesthetical aspects of dormers. The paper concludes with a discussion of future developments of this project as well as its impact for the innovation of civil administra- tion.
Quantum theory of gravitation

It is possible to construct the non-euclidean geometry of space-time from the information carried by neutral particles. Points are identified with the quantal events in which photons or neutrinos are created and annihilated, and represented by the relativistic density matrices of particles immediately after creation or before annihilation. From these, matrices representing subspaces in any number of dimensions are constructed, and the metric and curvature tensors are derived by an elementary algebraic method; these are similar in all respects to those of Riemannian geometry. The algebraic method is extended to obtain solutions of Einstein’s gravitational field equations for empty space, with a cosmological term. General relativity and quantum theory are unified by the quantal embedding of non-euclidean space-time, and the derivation of a generalisation, consistent with Einstein"s equations, of the special relativistic wave equations of particles of any spin within representations of SO(3) ⊗ SO(4; 2). There are some novel results concerning the dependence of the scale of space-time on properties of the particles by means of which it is observed, and the gauge groups associated with gravitation.
TFP Estimates and Frontier-Generated Production Function: A New Dataset for Political Science

There have been numerous studies concerning productivity, representing two general approaches toward measuring the concept. Parametric approaches specify the actual form of the production function based on theoretical assumptions, while non-parametric approaches use empirical best-practice cases as a benchmark for productivity measures. We propose a new approach to obtain cross-country total factor productivity estimates and a method to derive the production function, which builds on empirical data and does not require a priori assumptions about its functional specification. The approach is based on radial model of data envelopment analysis. The obtained TFP estimates are validated through comparing to PWT and UNIDO datasets. Some preliminary analysis is also provided concerning application of the TFP estimates to cross-country divergence/convergence in productivity. We also demonstrate the potential utility of the estimates for political science research
Effect of Land Use Types on the Spatial Prediction of Soil Nitrogen

Mapping the spatial distribution of soil nutrient contents from sample data has received much attention in the recent decade. Accurately mapping soil nutrients purely based on sample data, however, is difficult due to the sparsity and high cost of samples. Land use types usually influence the contents of soil nutrients at the local level and it is desirable to integrate such information into predictive mapping. The area-and-point kriging (AAPK) method, which was proposed recently, may provide an interpolation technique for such purposes. This study mapped the soil total nitrogen (TN) distribution of Hanchuan County, China, using AAPK with sample data (consisting of 402 points) and land use information. Ordinary kriging (OK) and residual kriging (RK) were compared to evaluate the performance of AAPK. Results showed that: (1) land use types had important impacts on the spatial distribution of soil TN; (2) measured data at 135 validation locations had stronger correlation with the data predicted by AAPK than by RK and OK, and the mean error and root mean square error with AAPK were lower than with RK and OK; and (3) AAPK generated smaller error variances than RK and OK did. This suggests that AAPK represents an effective method for increasing the interpolation accuracy of soil TN. It should be pointed out that some of the land use polygons used in this study are very large and complex, which might impact the effectiveness of AAPK in improving the prediction accuracy. Segmenting them into simple smaller areas might be helpful.
Questionnaire for Assessing Preschoolers’ Organizational Abilities in Their Natural Environments: Development and Establishment of Validity and Reliability

Despite the consensus in the literature regarding the importance of organizational abilities in performing daily tasks, currently there is no assessment that focuses exclusively on such abilities among young children. The study aims to develop a Questionnaire for Assessing Preschoolers’ Organizational Abilities (QAPOA), Parents’ and Teachers’ versions, and to examine their reliability and validity. QAPOA was distributed to preschool teachers and parents of 215 typically developing 4–5.6-year-old children. The teachers’ and parents’ versions demonstrated good internal consistency. Factor analysis performed to examine the tool’s content validity yielded two factors: motor-based and language-based OA. Furthermore, both versions of the questionnaire demonstrated significant differences between OA among boys and girls. Concurrent validity was demonstrated between the QAPOA total scores and the equivalent subscale of the BRIEF-P. Given these findings, different cut-off scores were established for identifying boys and girls with either motor-based and/or language-based OA. The results indicate that both the teachers’ and parents’ versions of the QAPOA are reliable and valid measures of children’s organizational abilities. The questionnaires can assess and identify risk for organizational disabilities as early as preschool age. Thus, it can contribute to the planning of appropriate intervention programs and the prevention of difficulties in the future.
High-capacity steganography using a shared colour palette

Seppanen, Makela and Keskinarkaus (SMK) have proposed a high-capacity steganographic technique to conceal information within a colour image. The technique is significant because of the high volume of data that is embedded into pixels but it results in a high level of noise and so the quality of the resulting image is not acceptable. A new type of coding structure is proposed, which maintains a high capacity but lowers the level of noise. Secondly, an adaptive algorithm is used to identify pixel values that have a high capacity to distortion ratio. Also the maximum size of the coding structures is limited to improve the capacity/distortion tradeoff. For the tested images, an average capacity of nearly 6 bits/pixel was achieved with a peak signal to noise ratio of 40 dB.
Acoustic Emission Studies of Bearing Failure in Composites

Superior structural performance of composites has been widely known to the aircraft industry for a long time now. The availability of advanced composite materials and a wide variety of material forms have attracted aircraft designers to adopt composites for the development of large primary and secondary aircraft structures. This growth of composites technology has and their acoustic signatures as they occur in laminated composites. Traditionally, the role of Non-Destructive Testing in quality assurance has been limited to defect detection. With advances in technology, Non-Destructive Testing has evolved into a multi-disciplinary science and has a critical role in ensuring quality and reliability. Of all the available Non-destructive Testing techniques, Acoustic Emission (AE) is probably the only technique that can be applied for monitoring damage initiation and propagation in real-time. Researchers have verified AE as a successful technique for detecting different micro-failures necessitated improvements in quality assurance during both manufacturing and in-service.
The Effect of Drivers' Demographic Characteristics on Road Accidents in Different Seasons Using Data Mining

According to World Health Organization, each year, over 1.2 million people die on roads, and between 20 and 50 million suffer non-fatal injuries. Based on international reports, Iran has a high death rate caused by road accidents. The objective of this study was to extract implicit knowledge from road accident data sets on roads of Iran through data mining. In this regard, three useful data mining techniques were combined: clustering, classification and rule extraction. Following the preparation stage, data were segmented via three clustering algorithms; Kohonen, K-Means and Twostep. Two-step cluster analysis is a one-pass-through data approach which generates a fairly large number of pre-clusters. Next, the optimized algorithm and cluster were identified, after which, in the classification level and by adding the drivers' demographic features through C5.0, a classification algorithm was employed so as to make the decision tree. Ultimately, the effects of these demographic features were investigated on road accidents. The characteristics such as age, job, driving license duration and gender proved to be more important factors in accident analysis. Certain rules of accidents were then extracted in each season of the year.
Componentes de la canal y no canal de ovejas Pelibuey sometidas a tres niveles de consumo de energía metabolizable

The aim of this study was to evaluate carcass and non-carcass components of adult Pelibuey ewes subjected to three levels of metabolizable energy intake (MEI). Eighteen 3-year-old Pelibuey ewes with body weight (BW) of 37.6 ± 4.0 kg and body condition of 2.5 ± 0.20 were randomly assigned to three groups of six ewes each in a completely randomized design. Ewes were housed in metabolic crates and fed three levels of MEI: low (L), medium (M), and high (H) for 65 d. Feed o ered was adjusted every 15 d based on ewe BW. The MEI was 0.247, 0.472 and 0.532 MJ/ kgBW0.75d−1 for L, M and H levels, respectively. Data recorded at slaughter were weights of viscera, o al and carcass. Carcass was split at the dorsal midline into two equal halves, weighed, and chilled at 6◦C for 24 h. The left half carcass was then divided into ve cuts, each of which was dissected into fat, muscle and bone, and weighed separately. Hot and cold carcass weight and hot carcass dressing were greater for the H group than for the L group (p < 0.05). The weights of rib/ ank and shoulder were di erent among groups (p < 0.05). Weights of empty rumen, liver, lungs and trachea, skin and internal fat were greater for the H group than for the L group (p < 0.05). A high level of MEI improves commercial dressing percentage due to increased lean meat and fat deposition with a lower proportion of bone in the carcass of adult Pelibuey ewes.
Sample size determination for image classification accuracy assessment and comparison

Many factors influence the quality and value of a classification accuracy assessment and evaluation programme. This paper focuses on the size of the testing set(s) used with particular regard to the impacts on accuracy assessment and comparison. Testing set size is important as the use of an inappropriately large or small sample could lead to limited and sometimes erroneous assessments of accuracy and of differences in accuracy. Here, some of the basic statistical principles of sample size determination are outlined, including a discussion of Type II errors and their control. The paper provides a discussion on some of the basic issues of sample size determination for accuracy assessment and includes factors linked to accuracy comparison. With the latter, the researcher should specify the effect size (minimum meaningful difference in accuracy), significance level and power used in an analysis and ideally also fit confidence limits to derived estimates. This will help design a study and aid the use of appropriate sample sizes, as well as facilitate interpretation of results. In particular, it will help avoid problems, such as under-powered analyses, and provide a richer information base for classification evaluation. The paper includes equations that could be used to determine sample sizes for common applications in remote sensing, using both independent and related samples.
A Comprehensive Review of Reactive and Proactive Congestion Control Methodologies

Congestion control is a preventive method associated with computer networks operated at high load conditions. The congestion is a severe issue which requires considerable attention, as internet performance is largely governed by data traffic fluctuations which are usually burst in nature. Therefore, a survey of different congestion control protocols comparing various parameters is essential to come up with new proposal to avoid congestion problem in computer networks. In this paper, we review progress made in the field of reactive and proactive congestion methodologies, which explicitly compute rates independently of congestion signal in decentralized fashion. Finally, the review brings to notice the application of various protocols along with their advantages and disadvantages.
Humic and fulvic acids: sink or source in the availability of metals to the marine bivalves Macoma balthica and Potamocorbula amurensis ?

Humic acids (HA) and fulvic acids (FA) are common forms of organic matter in marine sedirnents, and are routinely ingested by depositand suspension-feeding animals. These compounds may be a sink for metals, implying that once metals are bound to humic substances they are no longer available to food webs. A series of experiments was conducted to quantitatively examine this premise using 2 estuarine bivalves from San Francisco Bay, USA: the suspension feeder Potarnocorbula arnurensis and the facultative deposit feeder Macoma balthica. HA and FA, isolated from marine sediments, were bound as organic coatings to either hydrous ferric oxides (HFO) or silica particles. Cd and Cr(II1) were adsorbed to the organic coatings or directly to uncoated HFO and silica particles. Pulse-chase laboratory feeding expenments using '"'Cd and "Cr(III) were then conducted to determine absorption efficiencies of Cd and Cr for individual specimens using each of the partlcle types. The results demonstrated that: (1) absorption of Cr(I1I) from all types of non-living particles was consistently low (< 11%). Ingested Cd showed greater bioavailability than Cr(IIl), perhaps due to differences in metal chemistry. (2 ) Bivalves absorbed Cd bound to uncoated HFO or silica particles (i.e. with no HA or FA present). (3) The presence of organic coatings on part~cles reduced Cd bioavailabhty compared with uncoated particles. (4) Both geochemical and biological conditions affected the food chain transfer of Cd. The data suggest that in marine systems inorganic and organic-coated particles are predominantly a sink for Cr in sediments. In the transfer of Cd to consumer animals, inorganic particles and humic substances can act as a link (although not a highly efficient one) under oxidized conditions.