Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AM Sediment Motion beneath Surges and Bores

Positive surges and bores can induce significant bed-load transport in estuaries and river channels. Based upon physical modelling, the present study investigated the sediment motion beneath bores on a relatively long gravel bed. The freesurface measurements at a series of locations showed that the bore shape varied during its upstream propagation. An ultrahigh-speed camera captured the details of gravel motion at 1200 fps. Frame-by-frame analysis of slow-motion video movies demonstrated three basic modes of pebble motion: rotation, rolling, and saltation. More complicated pebble motion was a combination of 2 or 3 basic modes. The synchronous measurements of near-bottom velocity and bed-load material trajectories highlighted the importance of the adverse longitudinal pressure gradient and transient flow recirculation on the inception of particle motion. Long durations of gravel motion also indicated that the weak negative flow under secondary waves played some role in maintaining the upstream transient sediment transport.
Infixal Nominal Reduplication in Mangarayi

Phonology at Santa Cruz, Vol. 6, 1999, pp. 47Ð56 Infixal Nominal Reduplication in MaNarayi E Kazutaka Kurisu and Nathan Sanders University of California, Santa Cruz kurisu@ling.ucsc. edu sanders@ling.ucsc. edu In this paper, we analyze nominal reduplication in MaNarayi, an Aboriginal language spoken in the Northwest Territory of Australia. Nominal reduplication in MaNarayi does not conform to any purely prosodic template, suggesting either an analysis with no prosodic template (as in Merlan 1982) or one with a violable prosodic template (as in McCarthy and Prince 1993b and 1995b). We explore both analyses in the framework of Optimality Theory (OT; Prince and Smolensky 1993), concluding that both analyses adequately account for the data. However, we provide theoretical arguments against the templatic analysis, arguing that reduplication is best explained a-templatically. 1 The MaNarayi Reduplicant MaNarayi exhibits productive reduplication in many word types for a variety of grammatical functions. In particular, nominal reduplication is used to denote plurality or the property of having (lots of) the reduplicated noun (MerlanE1982), sometimes accompanied by a suffix -ji or -ii. 1 This nominal reduplication, with a few exceptions, turns out to be very regular. The most crucial set of data is given in (1). 2 base form guRjag ga÷ii gambuOa gloss OlilyO OMMBC, MMBSSCO OMB, ZCO redup. form guRjuRjagii ga÷ia÷iiji gambambuOaji gloss Ohaving a lot of liliesO pl. pl. MerlanE(1982:216) claims that the reduplicant is infixal CVC (e.g.EguR-juR-jagii), where the first consonant of the reduplicant is a copy of the onset of the second syllable of the base (marked with a double underline in (2)), and the remainder of the reduplicant is a copy of the rime of the first syllable (single underline) (see also DavisE1988): This paper has benefited from the helpful comments and suggestions of Suzanne Lyon, Armin Mester, Jason Riggle, Adam Ussishkin, and the participants in the UCSC Phonology Interest Group, though of course, the authors are solely responsible for the content of this paper. The authorsO names appear in alphabetical order; comments can be directed to either author. EThe distribution of these suffixes is not important to the analysis, so they will be ignored in this paper. EIn the gloss, ME=Emother, FE=Efather, BE=Ebrother, ZE=Esister, CE=Echild, and SE=Eson, with combinations taken one by one as a string of possessives (e.g.EMMBCE=EmotherOs motherOs brotherOs child). © 1999 by Kazutaka Kurisu and Nathan Sanders
From experimental music technology to clinical tool

Human body motion is integral to all parts of musical experience, from performance to perception. But how is it possible to study body motion in a systematic manner? This article presents a set of video-based visualisation techniques developed for the analysis of music-related body motion, including motion images, motion-history images and motiongrams. It includes examples of how these techniques have been used in studies of music and dance performances, and how they, quite unexpectedly, have become useful in laboratory experiments on attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and clinical studies of cerebral palsy (CP). Finally, it includes reflections regarding what music researchers can contribute to the study of human motion and behaviour in general.
Streamflow response of a small forested catchment on different timescales

The hydrological response of a catchment to rainfall on different timescales is result of a complex system involving a range of physical processes which may operate simultaneously and have different spatial and temporal influences. This paper presents the analysis of streamflow response of a small humid-temperate catchment (Aixola, 4.8 km 2 ) in the Basque Country on different timescales and discusses the role of the controlling factors. Firstly, daily time series analysis was used to establish a hypothesis on the general functioning of the catchment through the relationship between precipitation and discharge on an annual and multiannual scale (2003-2008). Second, rainfall-runoff relationships and relationships among several hydrological variables, including catchment antecedent conditions, were explored at the event scale (222 events) to check and improve the hypothesis. Finally, the evolution of electrical conductivity (EC) during some of the monitored storm events (28 events) was examined to identify the time origin of waters. Quick response of the catchment to almost all the rainfall events as well as a considerable regulation capacity was deduced from the correlation and spectral analyses. These results agree with runoff event scale data analysis; however, the event analysis revealed the non-linearity of the system, as antecedent conditions play a significant role in this catchment. Further, analysis at the event scale made possible to clarify factors controlling (precipitation, precipitation intensity and initial discharge) the different aspects of the runoff response (runoff coefficient and discharge increase) for this catchment. Finally, the evolution of EC of the waters enabled the time origin (event or pre-event waters) of the quickflow to be established; specifically, the conductivity showed that pre-event waters usually represent a high percentage of the total discharge during runoff peaks. The importance of soil waters in the catchment is being studied more deeply.
Challenges Faced by Devolved Governance in Quality Service Delivery: A Case Study of Turkana Central Sub-county, Turkana County, Kenya

The purpose of this study was to identify the challenges faced in quality service delivery to Turkana Central Sub-county citizens of Turkana County. The study used cross-sectional survey design. The sample size selected for the study was 261. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview guides. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and presented in tables and figures for ease interpretation. The major findings of the study show that devolved governance faces some challenges. For instance the devolved governance is faced with corruption, lack of transparency and accountability and inadequate funds. This adversely affects quality service delivery to its citizens. The findings of the study would inspire policy makers at the county and national government level to come up with appropriate strategies to mitigate the challenges identified in order to improve the quality of services offered by the county governments.
The Value of Fish 'n' Trips to Recreational Anglers in Southern Western Australia.

Recreational fishing is one of the most popular forms of outdoor recreation in Australia, involving approximately a third of the population. As such, the recreational sector is a significant user of fish stocks and coastal areas. Allocating resources fairly and efficiently between recreational anglers, commercial fishermen, and other users has become a major issue in fisheries management. Because there is no market to signal the values of recreational fishing, there is a tendency for fish and access to beaches for recreation to be under-supplied. Managers are aware that recreational fishing provides substantial social and economic benefits, but do not have a good grasp of their magnitude or sensitivity to changing conditions. This paper presents the results of an empirical study which estimates the value of fishing trips made by a sample of shore anglers, together with their marginal values for several types of fish. Welfare estimates were obtained using a random utility model which infers values from anglers' observed choices of site and target species. The average consumer surplus from a day trip was estimated to range between $33 to $39, while improving catch rate by 50% increased the value of a trip by up to $4 depending upon the type of fish affected by the change. Based on the average number of fish caught per trip, this equates to a marginal value of $1.40 per fish. This study demonstrates that the random utility model is a promising new technique for deriving non-market values and assessing policies that allocate natural resources between user groups.
Piecewise linearity in the $GW$ approximation for accurate quasiparticle energy predictions

We identify the deviation from the straight-line error (DSLE)---i.e., the spurious nonlinearity of the total energy as a function of fractional particle number---as the main source for the discrepancy between experimental vertical ionization energies and theoretical quasiparticle energies, as obtained from the $GW$ and $GW+\mathrm{SOSEX}$ approximations to many-body perturbation theory (MBPT). To check whether a DSLE is present in $GW$, we propose an indicator that only invokes observables at integer particle numbers. For self-consistent calculations, we show that $GW$ suffers from a small DSLE. Conversely, for perturbative ${G}_{0}{W}_{0}$ and ${G}_{0}{W}_{0}+\mathrm{SOSEX}$ calculations the DSLE depends on the starting point. We exploit this starting point dependence to reduce (or completely eliminate) the DSLE. We find that the agreement with experiment increases as the DSLE reduces. DSLE-minimized schemes thus emerge as promising avenues for future developments in MBPT.
ECF Bleaching of Softwood and Eucalyptus Pulps- a Comparative Study

This paper deals with a comparison in ECF bleaching and effluent characterisation of kraft pulps based on softwood and eucalyptus. The study is made for both conventional and oxygen delignified pulps.There are similarities in the bleaching of softwood and eucalyptus looking at the bleaching parameters. In mill scale there are however normally differences in the number of bleaching stages for conventional and oxygen delignified pulps when bleaching to 90% ISO brightness. Conventional pulps are mainly bleached in a five stages sequence with peroxide reinforcement in the alkaline stages, D (EOP) D (EP) D. Oxygen delignified pulps are mainly bleached in a four stages sequence, D (EOP) DD. especially softwood pulps. A three or four stages sequence, D (EOP) DD or D (EOP) D, is usually used when bleaching oxygen delignified eucalyptus pulps. For brightness levels of 88% ISO a three stages sequence can be used for both oxygen delignified softwood and eucalyptus pulps.In the ECF bleaching optimisation study we have used a five stages sequence for all pulps. The same bleaching sequence was used in the effluent characterisation study except for the oxygen delignified eucalyptus pulp where a three stages sequence was used.Combined effluents from all bleaching stages were characterised and exposed to biological treatment. Characterisation studies were carried out both prior to and after the biological treatment. The characterisation of the main COD components; lignin, carbohydrates, methanol, low molecular acids and extractives prior to and after external treatment, corresponded well with the calculation of the total organic composition. The results showed that the organic composition varies for effluents from different pulps.The COD composition of softwood and eucalyptus effluents were significantly different, which explains why the effluents from the eucalyptus pulps were more biodegradable.
Experimental investigation of the failure envelope of unidirectional carbon-epoxy composite under high strain rate transverse and off-axis tensile loading

The mechanical response of the carbon-epoxy material system HexPly IM7-8552 was investigated under transverse tension and combined transverse tension / in-plane shear loading at quasi-static and dynamic strain rates. The dynamic tests of the transverse tension and off-axis tension specimens were carried out on a split-Hopkinson tension bar system, while the quasi-static reference tests were performed on a standard electro-mechanical testing machine. Digital image correlation was used for data reduction at both strain rate regimes. For the high rate tests, the strain rate in loading direction was adjusted to reach approximately the same strain rate value in the fracture plane for each specimen. The measured axial strengths were transformed from the global coordinate system into the combined transverse tension-shear stress space of the material coordinate system and compared with the Puck Mode A criterion for inter-fibre failure. A good correlation between the experimental data and the predicted failure envelopes was found for both investigated strain rate regimes.
On the Directional Bias of the fbp-norm

The Weighted Sum of Order p, the . ebp-norm, is a generalization of the well-known . eP-norm used in predicting distances in a transportation network. The properties of the directional bias function and the unit balls for the . ebp-norm are of theoretical and practical interest. We investigate these properties and compare them with the properties of the . ep-norm's directional bias function and the unit balls. We find that the . ebp-norm is better at capturing the nonlinearity in a transportation network than the weighted fp-norm. It is also shown that, in contrast to the weighted fp-norm, where the optimal parameter p value is confined to the interval (1, 2), for the . ebp-norm the parameter p can have an optimal value greater than 2.
POLIO IMMUNIZATION AND AWARENESS: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY IN SHANGLA AND SWAT DISTRICTS, PAKISTAN

Objective: To assess polio immunization coverage, awareness about polio & its vaccination and to find reasons of polio vaccination refusals in districts Swat and Shangla (the two conflict affected areas in recent past). Methodology: This Cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in Swat and Shangla districts, KPK, from January to July 2014. It was a door to door survey of 800 families selected by random sampling from four different localities of these two districts. Information gathered included educational status of both parents, number of children less than 5 years, polio vaccination history (both routine immunization and house to house approach) complete polio vaccination history, polio awareness level of parents and reasons of refusals to polio vaccination. Data collected was analyzed with SPSS version 21. Chisquare test was used to ascertain the association between various categorical variables and p value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: There were total 1775 children in age group 0-5 years in the 800 households under study. The children, who got vaccinated against polio, were 1392 (78 %). Out of rest, 294 (16.5 %) had not been vaccinated against polio and the parents of remaining 89 (5%) children did not remember whether vaccination against polio was done or not. There was a significant association between educational status (minimum matriculate) of parents and polio vaccination (p=0.000). Conclusion: The present day situation of polio vaccination is encouraging in areas under research. Law and order situation, illiteracy and misperceptions about the vaccine should be addressed along with the capacity building of the health care staff as soon as possible through sincere coordinated efforts for complete eradication of polio by all concerned institutions.
Intelligent Data Leak Detection Through Behavioural Analysis

In this paper we discuss a solution to detect data leaks in an intelligent and furtive way through a real time analysis of the user’s behaviour while handling classified information. Data is based on experiences with real world use cases and a variety of data preparation and data analysis techniques have been tried. Results show the feasibility of the approach, but also the necessity to correlate with other security events to improve the precision. Keywords-Anomaly Detection; Machine Learning; Data Mining; Support Vector Machines.
The Structure of Corporate Ownership in Privatized Utilities

The purpose of this Paper is to study the determinants of the concentration of ownership in a privatized, regulated firm. The discussion illustrates some aspects of the costs and benefits of different corporate systems. Privatized utilities are large firms with professional management: there is a separation between ownership and control. The agency costs of this separation interact with the regulation of the product market. The main issue to be addressed here is how the degree to which regulators weigh investor profits when setting prices (the ‘regulatory climate’) affects the structure of corporate ownership, and more specifically the degree of shareholder concentration. Another, related issue, to be addressed is how deregulation affects corporate structure. In the benchmark case where the government maximizes privatization proceeds, it is shown that the optimal level of concentration increases with a tougher regulatory climate for investors. A more lenient regulatory regime increases the value of the commitment not to interfere implicit in a more dispersed ownership structure. Deregulation (through increasing monitoring costs) also pushes corporate structure in the direction of more ownership concentration. When political objectives are added to the analysis, it is shown that lobbying with managers induces levels of shareholder dispersion that are higher than in the benchmark case. Collusion with large shareholders, however, may yield higher concentration levels than in the benchmark. In the case of managerial lobbying, the leniency of the regulatory climate does not have any impact on the equilibrium stake of the blockholder, and has a negative impact on the difference between the political and the benchmark outcomes.
Teleseismic traveltimes, topography and the lithospheric structure across central Mongolia

Teleseismic travel times recorded along a 1000 km‐long, ∼N‐S transect across central Mongolia are used together with topography and gravity data to constrain the deep lithospheric structure of this region. Time residuals appear positively correlated with the topography, suggesting that P‐wave velocity changes correspond to density variations which in turn cause an isostatic uplift of the topography. Using a simple local isostasy model and a Monte‐Carlo inversion for the crust and asthenosphere velocities and density/velocity conversion factors, we determine best‐fitting Moho and lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary (LAB) geometries which satisfyingly reproduce the observed topography and gravity data. The model is validated using previously published 1D S‐wave velocity models obtained from receiver function analyses. Our results indicate that most of the long‐wavelength topography is supported by the asthenosphere buoyancy. The Hangai dome, in the southern half of the transect, appears mainly supported by a rather shallow (60–70 km) asthenospheric uplift, whereas the Siberian platform at the extreme north of the profile is underlain by a very thick (∼200 km) lithosphere. Misfits to the observed Bouguer gravity anomaly occur near major faults, probably because of lithospheric flexure.
Price transmission in the Hungarian vegetable sector

In this paper we analyse price transmission for the carrot, parsley, tomato, green pepper and potato markets. Although there is a dual farm structure dominated by small individual farms, our results imply that price information flows from the producer to the retail level for potatoes, parsley and carrots. Our results also suggest that farmers do not merely accept prices, but can actually influence market prices. Tomato and green pepper prices have large transmission elasticities, and causality runs from the retail to producer level. It therefore follows that tomato and green pepper producers tend to accept prices and that the sector’s prices are determined by upper market levels (processors, wholesalers, retailers). These results are reinforced by the fact that vegetable producers sell a large share of their production through procurement and processing, and therefore are more dependent on the upstream industries, and thus cannot influence prices. For all vegetables in this study the short-run price transmission is symmetric while on the tomato market the long-run price transmission is asymmetric. Results indicate that the tomato market is not competitive and efficient; therefore processors, wholesalers, and retailers are capable of exercising market power, and can instantly transmit producer price increases while just slowly and partially transmitting producer price decreases.
Identifying the Relationships Between Response Behaviors for Reading Comprehension Items and Student Characteristics

The study aimed to identify the students’ characteristics (perception of self-efficacy, resistance, persistence, taking responsibility and competence for their cognitive processes) that might affect the response behaviors of fifth grade students for open ended questions written in different cognitive levels. This study was designed as relational survey model research. Sample consisted of 392 5th grade students selected by purposeful sampling from Yenimahalle, Mamak and Cankaya districts in Ankara city. Data was collected with reading comprehension achievement test, response behaviors form and student information survey. Analysis was conducted with 366 students’ data after missing values were removed. MPlus package program was utilized to analyze data and structural equation modelling was used. The findings of the research revealed that response behaviors for open ended questions written in different cognitive levels in Turkish learning area were found to be predicted low and at a significant level by students’ perception of self-efficacy, persistence, resistance, taking responsibility and cognitive skills. It might be concluded that improving children’s perception for cognitive and metacognitive skills can enhance their thinking process, lead them to perform complex response behaviors and affect positively their higher order thinking process. In other words, students with high cognitive and metacognitive skills show higher level response behaviors such as putting themselves into author’s shoes, relating their own life to the event in the text or using imagination. Therefore, they can comprehend what they read easily and express it back.
Scattering Optimization of Photonic Cluster: From Minimal to Maximal Reflectance

Scattering optimization is a challenging engineering problem with an extensive list of potential applications. For some practical applications, the reflectance of the photonic cluster should be variable from minimal to maximal values. The theoretical investigation of such problem is extremely difficult due to multiple interactions between particles in the cluster. In this paper, the optimization of the light scattered by the photonic cluster made of small particles is studied with the help of the special optimization algorithm and the local perturbation method. It was shown that the photonic cluster can be transformed in such a way that its reflectance will be increased or decreased by several orders of magnitude for selected wavelength and direction.