Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classification of adeno carcinoma, high squamous intraephithelial lesion, and squamous cell carcinoma in Pap smear images based on extreme learning machine

ABSTRACT Cervical cancer is a malignant tumour that attacks the female genital area originating from epithelial metaplasia in the squamous protocol junction area. One method of diagnosis of cervical cancer is to do a Pap smear examination by taking a cervical cell smear from the woman’s cervix and observing its cell development. However, examination of cervical cancer from Pap smear results usually takes a long time. This is because medical practitioners still rely on visual observations in the analysis of the results of Pap smear so that the results are subjective. Therefore, we need a programme that can help the classification process in establishing a diagnosis of cervical cancer with high accuracy results. In this study, a cervical cancer classification program was developed using a combination of the Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) methods. There are three classes of cervical cell images classified, namely adenocarcinoma, High Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). From the results of the training program obtained an accuracy 100% and from the testing program obtained an accuracy of 80%.
Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) Mortality and Recovery Rates Vary by Wing Molt Status at Time of Banding

Abstract. Recovery (i.e., shot, retrieved, and reported) rates and daily mortality risk of 52,330 adult Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) leg-banded during pre-molt, in-molt, or post-molt during 1985–2011 were evaluated to better understand mortality during wing molt in dynamics of the Mallard population in California, USA. Recovery rates and non-hunting mortality risk varied by molt status at time of banding and California region where banded. Mallards banded during post-molt were 1.22 (95% credible interval = 1.10–1.32) times more likely to be recovered than Mallards banded pre-molt; recovery probability was similar for pre-molt and in-molt Mallards. Mallards banded post-molt had 0.43 (0.17–0.98) and in-molt 0.87 (0.51–1.49) times the daily risk of non-hunting mortality as Mallards banded pre-molt. Mallards were 0.92 (0.86–0.98) times as likely to be recovered, and daily risk of non-hunting mortality was 2.93 (1.79–4.94) times greater, if banded in Northeastern California than in California's Central Valley. Results indicate that high mortality during the molt period, especially in Northeastern California where most Mallards that breed in California molt, might be negatively affecting recovery (and potentially annual survival) of Mallards in California. Thus, conservation programs that reduce mortality during molt could help attain the desired population size for Mallards nesting in California.
Comprehensive Analysis of Alternative Splicing Signature in Gastric Cancer Prognosis Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and SpliceSeq Databases

Background Increasing evidence suggests that the alternative splicing (AS) signature plays a role in the carcinogenesis and prognosis of various cancers. However, the prognostic role of AS in gastric cancer is not clear and needs to be clarified. Material/Methods To identify the differentially expressed AS (DEAS) events, we performed a differential expression analysis between normal and tumor tissue. The DEAS event was further applied to construct a prognostic signature by performing univariate Cox regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis. The Kaplan-Meier curve analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis were used to evaluate the prognostic value of the AS signature. In addition, the network of the splicing events with splicing factors was constructed using the Cytoscape software. Results A total of 30 005 alternative splicing (AS) events with 372 patients were retrieved from the SpliceSeq database and TCGA database. By performing differential expression analysis, a total of 419 alternative splicing events were screened out, including 56 upregulated and 363 downregulated. We further constructed an AS-related prognostic signature by conducting a series bioinformatics analyses. Moreover, we identified that the AS signature could serve as an independent predictor for the prognosis of GC. We also found that AS signature had a more robust and precise efficacy for prognostic prediction in GC patients. Interestingly, the areas under 3- and 5-year survival curves are similar, both of which are greater than 1-year survival curve, suggesting that the long-term predictive accuracy of our prognostic model built upon AS signature is superior. Conclusions We performed a comprehensive analysis of overall prognostic-associated AS events concerning GC and constructed a prognostic model to predict the long-term prognostic survival outcomes in GC patients. We also developed a network of splicing events with splicing factors to reveal new potential molecular diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for GC patients.
Perbandingan Penggunaan Reactive Programming dan ObjectOriented Programming pada Kinerja Aplikasi Sederhana Berbasis Android

Sistem antarmuka reaktif pada saat ini dibutuhkan untuk menjawab isu melimpahnya data dan kejadian yang terjadi pada suatu antarmuka pengguna. Hal ini dimaksudkan agar pengguna nyaman saat menggunakan aplikasi. Suatu metode bernama Reactive Programming (RP) hadir sebagai metode baru dalammengembangkan user interface yang memiliki aliran data dan kejadian/event yang kompleks. RP bekerja dengan merepresentasikan hal dunia nyata menjadi suatu aliran kejadian/event yang akan dikelola secara asynchronous. Di sisi lain, Object Oriented (OO) memiliki pendekatan dengan merepresentasikan wujuddunia nyata ke dalam objek objek sebagai entitas utama suatu program. Tulisan ini menjelaskan hasil studi perbandingan kinerja aplikasi sederhana berbasis Android yang dikembangkan dengan paradigma berbeda yaitu reactive dan pure OO. Perbandingan kinerja aplikasi diukur dari konsumsi sumber daya aplikasi identik melalui profiler pada Android Studio. Dari tiga parameter pengukuran (penggunaan memori, CPU, dan energi), aplikasi dengan paradigma RP cenderung memiliki konsumsi sumber daya 1,8-8,1% lebih tinggi dibandingkan aplikasi dengan paradigma pure OO. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa pemrograman denganparadigma pure Object Oriented memiliki kinerja yang lebih ramah terhadap penggunaan sumber daya/resources pada kasus implementasi aplikasi Android sederhana.
Dynamics Of Early Zygotic Dosage Compensation and a Characterization of Spiroplasmas Role in Drosophila Male-Killing

iii Acknowledgements . v Table of Contents . viii Listing of Figures . ix Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Dosage Compensation . 1 Halo+ Transgene System . 5 Measuring Transcription using RNA-­‐Seq . 7 Chapter 2: Quantifying Early Zygotic Dosage Compensation through RNA-­‐Seq . 10 Background . 10 Results . 14 X-­‐linked Transcripts levels are dosage compensated at cycle 14 . 14 Zygotic transcription at cycle 14 is unaffected by MSL mediated dosage compensation . 24 Early female zygotic dosage compensation is SXL dependent . 27 Discussion . 34 Materials And Methods . 37 Embryo Collection . 37 RNA Sequencing . 37 Genetic Crosses . 38 Chapter 3: Characterizing Spiroplasma Induced Male Killing . 41 Background . 41 Results . 46 Spiroplasma expression is sex specific . 46 Spiroplasma infections down-­‐regulates transcript levels in infected males . 52 Discussion . 59 Materials And Methods . 62 Embryo Collection . 62 RNA Sequencing . 63 Genetic Crosses . 64 References . 66
Optimization design of low-density and high-strength ceramic proppants by orthogonal experiment

This study mainly focused on an orthogonal optimization design of low-density and high-strength ceramic proppants prepared by low-grade bauxite and feldspar that met the standard requirements. The orthogonal experimental design of L25 (53) was employed to study the significance sequence of three factors, including milling time of bauxite, milling time of feldspar, and sintering temperature. The results show that the particle size of feldspar is the most important factor for the performance of the proppants. The longer the milling time of feldspar is, the finer the particle size of feldspar is, and the easier it is to form liquid phase at a lower temperature. For the breakage ratio, the optimal experimental combination is bauxite milled for 4 h, feldspar milled for 8 h, and sintering temperature of 1280°C. The proppants prepared by the optimal combination have bulk density of 1.48 g cm−3, apparent density of 2.7 g cm−3, breakage ratio of 4.07% under 52 MPa closed pressure, and acid solubility of 2.15%.
Piezoelectricity as a mechanism on generation of electromagnetic precursors before earthquakes

To produce the electromagnetic (E&M) precursors of an earthquake, the existence of electric field due to stress-induced charges on the ground surface or in shallow depths of upper crust inside the fault zone is a basic condition. Here, we consider the piezoelectric effect or the elastic–electric coupling as a major mechanism on generating such an electric field. A 1-D model based on the elastic mechanics and electromagnetic Maxwell equations is built up to formulate the relationship between electric field and slip as well as stress on a fault before an earthquake. From the model, we may estimate the low-bound values of stress and slip to yield the critical electric field, Ec, for generation of electromagnetic signals. The normal and shear stresses on the fault planes for three faulting types are constructed. The normal stress is stronger than the shear stress to result in piezoelectricity. The depth ranges for yielding an average normal stress being able to generate Ec are similar for thrust and strike-slip faults and deep for normal faults. The possibility of generating Ec is almost the same for thrust and strike-slip faults and low for normal faults. The pre-earthquake slip could be related to nucleation phases or microfractures. The possible occurrence time of E&M signals may be several 10 min to few hours before impending earthquakes. The major factor in yielding a piezoelectric field to generate the TEC anomalies before an earthquake is the existence of fault gouges composed mainly of clays. A thick gouge layer with low electric resistivity and a piezoelectric coupling coefficient ≥0.67 × 10−12 coul nt–1 is an important condition for yielding piezoelectricity.
Renewable Energy Consumption in Africa: Evidence From a Bias Corrected Dynamic Panel

Our study investigates the determinants of renewable energy consumption in Sub-Sahara Africa. We explore the driving factors of renewable energy consumption in the context of carbon intensity for 32 Sub-Saharan African countries from 1990 to 2015. Using carbon emission intensity to identify group-specific heterogeneity, we recognize carbon-efficient and least carbon-efficient countries in the region. By relying on the corrected least squares dummy variable estimator (LSDVC), we provide evidence on the driving factors of renewable energy consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa. Consequently, the findings point to varying degrees of impact on renewable energy consumption in the region. For instance, we observe advancement in technology, quality of governance, economic progress, biomass consumption, and climatic conditions influence renewable energy consumption. With a common occurrence across all groups, the implications indicate environmental, socio-economic, and climatic factors playing an important role in renewable energy consumption. The study further shows that urbanization and economic globalization depress efforts towards renewable energy consumption. Apart from these common factors, other controlling variables including; GDP per capita, environmental awareness, and biomass affect each group differently. We conclude that, policy implications can be drawn from common factors towards harmonization of clean energy markets and developing a policy mix that combines environmental, economic, and social factors in attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.
Noise amplification in all-normal dispersion fiber supercontinuum generation and its impact on ultrafast photonics applications

Highly coherent and low-noise supercontinuum (SC) sources based on nonlinear spectral broadening of femtosecond pulses in all-normal dispersion (ANDi) fibers are attractive for many applications in ultrafast photonics. By simulating a real nonlinear pulse compression experiment, we numerically investigate the impact of shot noise and technical pump laser fluctuations on the quality and stability of single-cycle pulse generation and other multi-shot experiments based on the manipulation of the SC spectral phase. We find that for pump pulse durations of less than 600 fs, input relative intensity noise < 1 %, and correctly chosen fiber lengths, the initial fluctuations of the pump laser are at most amplified by a factor of three. We also show that the usual strong correlation between SC coherence and quality of the compressed pulses collapses in the presence of technical noise, and that in this situation the coherence is not a useful figure of merit to quantify pulse quality, noise amplification, or decoherence due to incoherent nonlinear dynamics. Our results highlight the very limited impact of technical pump laser noise on ANDi SC generation and are of practical relevance for many ultrafast photonics applications that require high-quality, low-noise SC sources.
Characteristics of Zn1-xAlxO NR/ITO Composite Films Oriented Application for Optoelectronic Devices

The Zn1-xAlxO nanorod (NR) were grown on ITO substrates by a hydrothermal process. The influences of the Al doping concentration on the surface morphology, structural, optical, and electrical characteristics of the Zn1-xAlx O NR/ITO composite film were investigated in detail. The results indicated that characteristics of the Zn1-xAlx O NR/ITO composite film were strongly influenced by the Al doping concentration. Furthermore, the lowest vertical resistance of the Zn1-xAlx O NR can be obtained when x = 0.01 and it strongly reduces when the concentration of UV light illumination increases. This reduction follows an exponential decay with a decay rate of 4.35. This result shows good photoconductivity response of the Zn1-xAlx O NR/ITO composite film and its ability to apply for optoelectronic devices material.
Detection of SNPs in the BMP6 Gene and Their Association with Carcass and Bone Traits in Chicken

BMP6, a member of the subfamilies of the morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), plays a crucial role in osteogenic and chondrocyte differentiation in vitro and stimulates chondrogenesis, making chondrocytes differentiate on their terminal stage. The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between polymorphism of BMP6 gene and slaughter traits in chicken respectively. We screened the exonic and intronic regions of BMP6 gene by DNA pool construction and amplified DNA fragment by PCR, and finally, we got nine SNPs. Association analysis revealed that BMP6 had no significant association among all slaughter traits in Yellow bantam chicken. However, BMP6 had a significant difference with femur weight, tibia weight, femur length ( p< 0.05
Chaperone mechanism of the small heat shock protein Hsp26

An increase in ambient temperature pose a threat to any living cell, as heat shock destabilizes the native protein conformation that renders many proteins prone to aggregation. To counteract deleterious aggregation, cells express a certain set of genes that prevent aggregation in the cell, a phenomenon known as the heat shock response. The small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are molecular chaperones and constitute one component of the heat shock response. According to their cellular function as molecular chaperones, sHsps bind to partially unfolded polypeptides to form stable substrate complexes and maintain them in a refolding competent state under conditions detrimental for protein refolding. Here, the temperature-induced conformational changes mediating the temperature activation of Hsp26 were analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy and FRET. In addition, its kinetic parameters and the energy barrier governing the structural rerangement were determined. It appears that the Hsp26 middle domain is a thermosensor and the intrinsic regulator of chaperone activity.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Tissue Culture Banana Plantlets for the Design of Planting Mechanism

Aims: To design a mechanical transplanting mechanism for tissue culture banana plantlets, physical and mechanical properties such as mass, height of plantlet, pseudostem height from tray to first leaf, pseudostem diameter between root plug and first leaf, root plug dimension, moisture content of root plug, pulling force and compression resistance are needed. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, AEC&RI, Kumulur, Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, AEC&RI, Coimbatore and PostHarvest Technology Centre, Coimbatore between August 2019 to December 2019. Original Research Article Prasad et al.; CJAST, 39(30): 70-75, 2020; Article no.CJAST. 61649 71 Methodology: For three local varieties used by the farmers to culivate tissue culture banana namely ‘Grand Naine-G9’ (AAA), ‘Red Banana’ (AAA) and ‘Nendran’ (BAA), physical and mechanical properties were studied. Results: ‘G9’, ‘Red Banana’ and ‘Nendran’ were 120.5±12.3, 117.2± 9.0 and 113.5±9.0 g mass and 379.3±21.72, 360±26.23, 467.6±13.06 mm height, pseudostem diameter near root plug was observed as 10.7 ± 1.0, 10.2 ± 0.8 and 10.9 ± 1.4 mm respectively. The height of pseudostem till the first leaf was minimum for ‘Red’ variety (37.1±4.3 mm), maximum for ‘Nendran’ (102.1±2.3 mm). The pulling force for three varieties were observed as 4.96±2, 4.97±1.1 and 5.05±1.6 N with little difference in-between them. The minimum compressive resistance offered by the three varieties are 47.16 ± 3.08, 46.42 ± 5.43 and 38.55 ± 1.86 N near the base and 44.07 ± 2.55, 37.89 ± 6.6 and 32.36 ± 1.58 N at 25 mm above root plug for ‘G9’, ‘Red’ and ‘Nendran’ respectively. Conclusion: The maximum plantlet weight was observed as 132.8 mm for ‘G9’ variety and plantlet height as 480 mm for ‘Nendran’ variety. The minimum height of pseudostem till the first leaf was 31 mm for ‘Red’ variety and picking gripper height should be less than 30 mm. The minimum pulling force should be 7 N to remove the plantlet from the pro-tray and force applied by the gripper to hold the plantlet on pseudostem shouldn’t exceed 30 N.
Spatiotemporal Variation in Phytoplankton Community Driven by Environmental Factors in the Northern East China Sea

The East China Sea (ECS) is the largest marginal sea in the northern western Pacific Ocean. In comparison to various physical studies, little information on the seasonal patterns in community structure of phytoplankton is currently available. Based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) pigment analysis, spatiotemporal variations in phytoplankton community compositions were investigated in the northern ECS. Water temperature and salinity generally decreased toward the western part of the study area but warmer conditions in August led to strong vertical stratification of the water column. In general, major inorganic nutrient concentrations were considerably higher in the western part with a shallow water depth, and consistent with previous results, had no discernable vertical pattern during our observation period except in August. This study also revealed PO4-limited environmental conditions in May and August. The monthly averaged integral chlorophyll-a concentration varied seasonally, highest (35.2 ± 20.22 mg m−2) in May and lowest (5.2 ± 2.54 mg m−2) in February. No distinct vertical differences in phytoplankton community compositions were observed for all the sampling seasons except in August when cyanobacteria predominated in the nutrient-deficient surface layer and diatoms prevailed at deep layer. Canonical correlation analysis results revealed that nutrient distribution and the water temperature were the major drivers of the vertical distribution of phytoplankton communities in August. Spatially, a noticeable difference in phytoplankton community structure between the eastern and western parts was observed in November with diatom domination in the western part and cyanobacteria domination in the eastern part, which were significantly (p < 0.01) correlated with water temperature, salinity, light conditions, and nutrient concentrations. Overall, the two major phytoplankton groups were diatoms (32.0%) and cyanobacteria (20.6%) in the northern ECS and the two groups were negatively correlated, which holds a significant ecological meaning under expected warming ocean conditions.
Biocidal Activity of Phyto-Derivative Products Used on Phototrophic Biofilms Growing on Stone Surfaces of the Domus Aurea in Rome (Italy)

Hypogean or enclosed monuments are important cultural heritage sites that can suffer biodegradation. Many of the stone walls of the prestigious Domus Aurea are overwhelmed by dense biofilms and so need intervention. Room 93 was chosen as a study site with the aim to test the efficacy of phyto-derivatives as new biocides. Laboratory studies were performed comparing the effects of liquorice leaf extract (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.), lavender essential oil (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) and a combination of both. In situ studies were also performed to test the effect of liquorice. The results were compared with those of the commonly used synthetic biocide benzalkonium chloride. The effects on the biofilms were assessed by microscopy along with chlorophyll fluorescence analysis. The phototrophs in the biofilms were identified morphologically, while the heterotrophs were identified with culture analysis and 16S gene sequencing. Results showed that the mixed solution liquorice/lavender was the most effective in inhibiting the photosynthetic activities of biofilms in the laboratory tests; while, in situ, the effect of liquorice was particularly encouraging as an efficient and low-invasive biocide. The results demonstrate a high potential biocidal efficacy of the phyto-derivatives, but also highlight the need to develop an efficient application regime.
Femtosecond laser direct inscription of 3D photonic devices in Er/Yb-doped oxyfluoride nano-glass ceramics

The fabrication of optical waveguides by direct femtosecond laser irradiation in Er3+/Yb3+ oxyfluoride nano-glass ceramics is investigated. Following the strategy of single line irradiation, a wide range of laser parameters can be used to obtain single-mode waveguides with nearly-gaussian modal profiles, in the visible and near-infrared. Measured propagation loss is 1.6 dB/cm for the optimum parameters (0.34 μJ/pulse and 20 μm/s scanning velocity), with no annealing after irradiation, and the induced refractive index contrast is Δn∼0.006 (at 800 nm). The multi-scan technique is used to gain control of the refractive index profiles thus producing multimodal structures. The active behavior of the waveguides is induced under ∼800 nm seeding and the co-propagating guidance of the erbium emission is demonstrated. The integration of photonic elements such as Y-splitters, both in 2D and 3D, as well as Mach-Zehnder interferometers, is also shown. Results demonstrate the optimum behavior of Er3+/Yb3+ oxyfluoride nano-glass ceramics as a host material for the integration of complex active photonic devices by femtosecond laser irradiation in the low repetition rate regime.