Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance in the Deep Squat Test and musculoskeletal injuries: a systematic review

Abstract Introduction: The Deep Squat Test has been applied in pre-season evaluations of sports teams and in military courses to predict the risk of musculoskeletal injuries. Objective: To evaluate the association of DS performance and the risk of musculoskeletal injuries. Methods: In this systematic review, a search without language or time filters was carried out in MEDLINE, SciELO, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscuss, CINAHL and BVS databases with the following title words: injury prediction, injury risk and deep squat in December 2016. Participants' profile, sample size, classification of musculoskeletal injuries, follow-up time, study design and results were extracted from the studies. Bias risk analysis was performed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Five studies were included, using different analyzes, whose results varied. Odds ratio ranged from 1.21 to 2.59 (95% CI = 1.01 - 3.28); relative risk was 1.68 (95% CI = 1.50 - 1.87), sensitivity from 3 to 24%, specificity from 90 to 99%, PPV from 42 to 63%, NPV from 72 to 75% and AUC from 51 to 58%. Conclusion: The DS can be a test whose presence of movement dysfunctions is a predictor of the risk of musculoskeletal injuries in individuals who practice physical exercises. However, due to the methodological limitations presented, caution is suggested when interpreting such results. PROSPERO registration: CRD4201706922.
Estimating the evolutionary rates in mosasauroids and plesiosaurs: discussion of niche occupation in Late Cretaceous seas

Observations of temporal overlap of niche occupation among Late Cretaceous marine amniotes suggest that the rise and diversification of mosasauroid squamates might have been influenced by competition with or disappearance of some plesiosaur taxa. We discuss that hypothesis through comparisons of the rates of morphological evolution of mosasauroids throughout their evolutionary history with those inferred for contemporary plesiosaur clades. We used expanded versions of two species-level phylogenetic datasets of both these groups, updated them with stratigraphic information, and analyzed using the Bayesian inference to estimate the rates of divergence for each clade. The oscillations in evolutionary rates of the mosasauroid and plesiosaur lineages that overlapped in time and space were then used as a baseline for discussion and comparisons of traits that can affect the shape of the niche structures of aquatic amniotes, such as tooth morphologies, body size, swimming abilities, metabolism, and reproduction. Only two groups of plesiosaurs are considered to be possible niche competitors of mosasauroids: the brachauchenine pliosaurids and the polycotylid leptocleidians. However, direct evidence for interactions between mosasauroids and plesiosaurs is scarce and limited only to large mosasauroids as the predators/scavengers and polycotylids as their prey. The first mosasauroids differed from contemporary plesiosaurs in certain aspects of all discussed traits and no evidence suggests that early representatives of Mosasauroidea diversified after competitions with plesiosaurs. Nevertheless, some mosasauroids, such as tylosaurines, might have seized the opportunity and occupied the niche previously inhabited by brachauchenines, around or immediately after they became extinct, and by polycotylids that decreased their phylogenetic diversity and disparity around the time the large-sized tylosaurines started to flourish.
HDPython: A High Level Python Based Object-Oriented HDL Framework

We present a High-Level Python-based Hardware Description Language (HDPython), It uses Python as its source language and converts it to standard VHDL. Compared to other approaches of building converters from a high-level programming language into a hardware description language, this new approach aims to maintain an object-oriented paradigm throughout the entire process. Instead of removing all the high-level features from Python to make it into an HDL, this approach goes the opposite way. It tries to show how certain features from a high-level language can be implemented in an HDL, providing the corresponding benefits of high-level programming for the user.
Dynamic changes in intestinal microbiota in young forest musk deer during weaning

Weaning is an important event for all mammals, including young forest musk deer. However, weaning stress may cause intestinal microbiota-related disorders. Therefore, high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was applied to study the dynamic changes in intestinal microbiota during pre-weaning (10 days before weaning) and post-weaning (10 days after weaning) in 15 young forest musk deer. We saw that intestinal microbiota diversity in the post-weaning period was significantly higher than that in the pre-weaning period. The most dominant bacterial phyla were similar in the two groups (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia). Meanwhile, we applied Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LefSe) to identify the most differentially microbial taxa in the pre-weaning and post-weaning groups. In the post-weaning forest musk deer, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Spirochaetes, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Treponema and Prevotella was higher than in the pre-weaning group. However, higher relative abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes was found in the pre-weaning group compared with that in the post-weaning group. In summary, this research provides a theoretical foundation for the dynamics of young forest musk deer intestinal microbiota during the weaning transition, which may benefit in understanding the growth and health of forest musk deer.
The place of omega-3 and omega-6 acids in supplementary treatment of inflammatory joint diseases

Eating habits have been analysed for years as a factor influencing the development of autoimmune diseases and susceptibility to infections. On the basis of research, observational studies and meta-analyses, special attention was paid to omega-3 and omega-6 acids. The purpose of the review is to show the importance of omega-3 and omega-6 acids as important ingredients in the healthy diet and as factors protecting against the development of the most common inflammatory rheumatic diseases. The influence of these omega-3 and -6 acids on the course of rheumatic diseases and arguments for their use as complementary therapy are also presented.
Trace Metal Detection in Aqueous Reservoirs Using Stilbene Intercalated Layered Rare-Earth Hydroxide Tablets

Contamination of aquatic reservoirs with metal ions is a slow gradual process that is not easy to detect. Consequences of the metal ions, especially the ones with high atomic numbers (heavy metals) at high concentrations, are severe and irreversible in aquatic reservoirs. As such, early detection mechanisms, especially at trace concentration, are essential for mitigation measures. In this work, a new, robust, and effective tool for trace metal detection and monitoring in aqueous solutions has been developed. Tablets (1 mm thick and similar to medicinal tablets) were manufactured from a powder comprising stilbene intercalated into gallery spaces of lanthanide-containing layered double hydroxides. The tablets were placed in a water column having different concentrations of Pb2+ and Cu2+ ions, and the water was allowed to flow for 45 minutes at a flow rate of 100 ml/s. Thereafter, the tablets were dried and made to powder, and their phosphorescence was measured. The gradual stilbene phosphorescence turnoff in the tablets from various concentrations of metal ions was correlated with sorption amounts. The tablets were able to detect effectively metal ions (up to Pb2+ 1.0 mmol/L and Cu2+ 5.0 mmol/L) in the aqueous media. As such, the concentrations of Pb2+ and Cu2+ ions at trace levels were determined in the test solutions. This method provides a real-time metal ion analysis and does not involve sampling of water samples for analysis in the laboratory.
STRENGTH-STYLE RESISTANCE EXERCISE

Gonzalez, AM. Acute anabolic response and muscular adaptation after hypertrophy-style and strength-style resistance exercise. J Strength Cond Res 30(10): 2959–2964, 2016—Resistance training paradigms are often divided into protocols designed to promote an increase in either hypertrophy or strength. Hypertrophy-style protocols (HYPs) typically involve greater volume (3–6 sets; 8–12 repetitions), moderate intensities (,85% 1 repetition maximum [1RM]), and short rest intervals (30–90 seconds), whereas strength-style protocols (STRs) typically involve higher intensities ($85% 1RM), low volumes (2–6 sets; #6 repetitions), and longer rest intervals (3–5 minutes). However, the literature supporting such classifications is surprisingly sparse in trained individuals, and the distinct classifications of such protocols may be an oversimplification. Thus, the purpose of this review was to examine the acute anabolic responses and training-induced muscular adaptations after HYP and STR styles of resistance exercise in trained individuals. Despite the classification of training paradigms, HYP and STR resistance training routines appear to elicit similar magnitudes of muscle growth, although STR routines appear to be more conducive to increasing strength in resistance-trained individuals. Current evidence suggests that the classification of HYP and STR is an oversimplification, and practitioners are advised to look beyond the classification of resistance exercise protocols when aiming to elicit specific physiological responses.
Childhood Obesity and Overweight in Ghana: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight is considered a public health issue in both developed and developing countries. This systematic review and meta-analysis estimates the prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight in Ghana. A multiple database search was conducted for articles published between January 1, 2001, and October 31, 2019, reporting the prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight in Ghana. Databases searched include PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane Library, World Health Organization (WHO) Library Information System, and Africa Journals Online. Data were pooled from the articles to calculate an overall estimate of childhood obesity and overweight using a random-effects model after variance stabilization with Freeman–Tukey double arcsine transformation. This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Sixteen studies with a combined sample size of 29,160 were included in the review. Analysis indicates that approximately 19% of children in Ghana either have obesity or are overweight. The prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight was 8.6% (95% CI: 4.8%–13.4%) and 10.7% (95% CI: 5.9%–16.6%), respectively. Although not significant, higher obesity (4.6% vs. 2.6%) and overweight (11.0% vs. 7.2%) prevalence were estimated for females than for males. There was a significantly higher obesity prevalence estimate (17.4% vs. 8.9%) in rural settings than in urban settings (p=0.0255). The high prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight estimated in this review is of worrying concern. It is a significant public health problem that has implications on the health of present and future generations in Ghana and as such calls for proactive measures to be put in place. Also, the driving forces behind the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity in Ghana need to be investigated.
Test-Retest Reliability of a Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Seafood Intake Dynamics for High-End Consumers in Coastal Gulf of Mexico Communities

Background Estimates for fish and shellfish intake are used to inform communities and healthcare systems about potential health risks and benefits for individuals, communities, and vulnerable populations. A dietary assessment instrument was designed for use in populations of high-end consumers of seafood to examine intake of finfish, shrimp, oysters, and blue crab in coastal communities across the Gulf of Mexico. Objective To validate the reliability of a novel food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for seafood intake. Design Test-retest reliability of the FFQ, which included a species-specific photographic portion guide, was evaluated by the inperson administration and readministration of the instrument with each participant by the same interviewer. Responses from coastal and noncoastal participants were compared to discern FFQ reliability in heterogeneous samples. Participants/setting. A convenience sample of 27 coastal participants from Cedar Key, Steinhatchee, and Apalachicola, Florida, reported data for 101 household members; and 15 noncoastal participants from Gainesville, Florida, reported for 42 household members. Analysis. Repeated measures from the FFQ were evaluated using correlation concordance for continuous variables (age, weight, and height) and kappa coefficient for categorical variables (type, amount, and frequency of seafood consumed). Results Concordance correlation coefficient (1.00) and kappa coefficient (r = 0.73 to 1.00) for yearly and seasonal seafood consumption indicated substantial to almost perfect reproducibility, i.e., participants provided responses that were reproducible. Test-retest agreement was highest for coastal participants who consumed more seafood, as compared to occasional, noncoastal consumers, based on the intergroup comparison of kappa coefficients for yearly and seasonal seafood consumption (r = 0.69 to 0.99). Conclusions The seafood FFQ instrument evaluated in this study, included as a supplement to this report, used in tandem with a photographic portion guide, provides a utilitarian tool for assessing fish, shrimp, oyster, and blue crab intake dynamics in adult and youth populations drawn from coastal communities.
A Secondary Prevention, Randomized Trial Of Suloctidil In Patients With A Recent History of Thromboembolic Stroke

Four hundred and thirty-eight patients who had suffered a thromboembolic stroke not less than two weeks or more than four months previously, were entered into a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial to determine whether suloctidil (200 mg t.i.d.) would influence the subsequent recurrence of stroke, the occurrence of myocardial infarction, or cardiovascular death. The two treatment groups were comparable at baseline with respect to important prognostic variables and there was good adherence to the study protocol during an average follow-up of 20 months. Significantly more patients complained of side-effects in the suloctidil group and more hepatotoxicity was also reported in the suloctidil group. Four cases of clinical hepatitis were suspected to be due to suloctidil, each of which was reversible on termination of study treatment; relative increases in SGOT and SGPT at three months in the suloctidil group were found to be mild and transient. The primary analysis of efficacy was based on the incidence of the first event of stroke, myocardial infarction or cardiovascualr death, but excluding events that occurred more than 28 days after complete withdrawal from study medication for whatever reason. Thus, the primary analysis included 38 events in the suloctidil group and 47 in the placebo group (p = 0.17) representing a risk reduction of 24%. If total mortality is substituted for cardiovascular death, the corresponding figures are 47 in the suloctidil group and 58 in the placebo group (p = 0.08). There were interesting differences seen in an analysis of cardiovascular mortality alone (p = 0.06), and total mortality alone (p = 0.04), and specifically in terms of cardiac death where there were 15 deaths in the placebo group and only five in the suloctidil group. A total of 31 patients in the suloctidil group had a recurrence of stroke, fatal or non-fatal, compared with only 28 in the placebo group. As might be expected, the absolute differences in outcomes in the two treatment groups were similar, but statistically less impressive, when analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis. Thus, there is no evidence of benefit of suloctidil in preventing the recurrence of stroke, but in view of the observed difference in cardiac death further studies with suloctidil may be warranted. Stroke Vol 16, No 3, 1985
The Expression of IL-12 Family Members in Patients with Hypertension and Its Association with the Occurrence of Carotid Atherosclerosis

Background The interleukin-12 (IL-12) family consists of four members, namely, IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, and IL-35. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of circulating IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, and IL-35 in hypertensive patients. Methods Blood samples were collected from hypertensive patients and nonhypertensive (control) subjects, and protein multifactorial monitor kits were used to measure the plasma IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, and IL-35 levels in each sample. In addition, all enrolled subjects underwent ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and vascular stiffness. Results Hypertensive patients exhibited higher IL-12, IL-23, and IL-27 levels and lower IL-35 levels than control subjects; IL-12, IL-23, and IL-27 levels were positively correlated with both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), while IL-35 levels were negatively correlated with SBP and DBP. IL-12, IL-23, and IL-27 levels gradually increased in patients with grade I, II, and III hypertension, while IL-35 levels gradually reduced. According to the ABPM results, hypertensive patients were divided into the dipper and nondipper hypertension groups; IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, and IL-35 levels showed no differences between the two groups, but IL-12, IL-23, and IL-27 levels in both groups increased compared with those in the control group, while IL-35 levels decreased. Additionally, the expression of these IL-12 family members was influenced by many clinical factors and was independently associated with the occurrence of carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Conclusions The changes in IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, and IL-35 levels were not associated with the presence of the nondipper type but were closely associated with the development of carotid atherosclerotic plaque in hypertensive patients.
24‐Hour blood pressure control by once‐daily administration of irbesartan assessed by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring

Objectives To compare 24 h ambulatory blood pressure and trough office blood pressure lowerings after 8 weeks of therapy with 75 mg irbesartan once a day, 150 mg irbesartan once a day, and 75 mg irbesartan twice a day versus placebo; and to assess safety and tolerability of irbesartan therapy. Design Multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Setting Sixteen centers in Italy. Patients Caucasian patients (n = 215) aged ≥ 18 years with seated diastolic blood pressure 95–110 mmHg and ambulatory diastolic blood pressure (ADBP) ≥ 85 mmHg. Primary outcome Mean 24 h ADBP after 8 weeks of irbesartan therapy. Results Mean changes (value before treatment minus value after treatment) in ADBP for placebo, 75 mg irbesartan once a day, 150 mg irbesartan once a day, and 75 mg irbesartan twice a day were −0.2, −5.4, −7.2, and −7.2 mmHg, respectively; respective changes in ambulatory systolic blood pressure were +1.6, −8.3, −10.5, and −9.7 mmHg. All irbesartan regimens reduced trough office seated diastolic blood pressure and seated systolic blood pressure after 2 and 8 weeks of treatment (all P < 0.01, versus placebo except for seated systolic blood pressure in patients in the 75 mg irbesartan once a day group). Trough: peak ratios were ≥ 55% with 150 mg irbesartan once a day. Percentages of patients whose blood pressures were normalized with 150 mg irbesartan once a day (45%) and 75 mg irbesartan twice a day (47%) were greater than those with placebo (14%, P < 0.01) and with 75 mg irbesartan once a day (19%, NS, versus placebo). Adverse events with irbesartan were similar to those with placebo. Conclusions All irbesartan regimens significantly reduced mean 24 h ADBP and ambulatory systolic blood pressure, and were well tolerated. Administration of 150 mg irbesartan once a day provided significant reduction of blood pressure for 24 h, equivalent to that obtained with the same daily dose divided into two separate administrations.
STEM AND PROGENITOR CELLS IN THE LUNG

Journal of Thoracic Oncology ® • Volume 9, Number 1, January 2014 Abstract: Cancer research has received a fresh impetus from the concept of cancer stem cell (CSC) which postulates the existence of a tumor cell population uniquely endowed with self-renewal capacity and therapy resistance. Despite recent progresses including targeted therapy, lung cancer treatment remains a challenge owing largely to disease recurrence. Providing a conceptual model of tumor resistance and disease relapse, the lung CSC has received extensive attention, leading to a flourishing literature and several ongoing clinical trials. In this study, we will discuss the data suggesting the existence of CSC in lung tumors and the potential clinical utility of CSCs as prognostic markers or cellular targets of new therapeutic strategies. We will also touch on the new fundamental developments of the CSC concept that ought to be considered if the integration of the CSC concept into clinical practice is to be successful and impact on lung cancer treatment.
Long-Term Cerebral Outcome After Open-Heart Surgery A Five-Year Neuropsychological Follow-up Study

A prospective 5 years' neuropsychological, neurological, cardiological and electroencephalographkal follow-up study was carried out in 44 patients who had undergone open-heart surgery for valve replacement. A distinct interrelationship was found between the clinical outcome immediately after operation and the neuropsychological long-term course despite the rapid recovery of occasional clinical disorders related to operative procedures. In fact, the psychometric performance scores of those who did not develop clinical signs of cerebral dysfunction induced in operation showed a significant difference only years after operation. Similarly, the harmful effects of long perfusion time (ertracorporeal circulation) in operation were reflected in the long-term neuropsychological performance. Some evidence seemed to suggest that the correction of the prolonged circulatory disorder might possibly afford real enhancement of higher cerebral functions. The long-term results not only emphasize the importance of a careful clinical evaluation but also emphasize the necessity of considering the subclinteal level of events both before and after operation when assessing the overall outcome and cerebral safety of cardiac surgery patients.
ActiveLab: Active Learning with Re-Labeling by Multiple Annotators

In real-world data labeling applications, annotators often provide imperfect labels. It is thus common to employ multiple annotators to label data with some overlap between their examples. We study active learning in such settings, aiming to train an accurate classifier by collecting a dataset with the fewest total annotations. Here we propose ActiveLab, a practical method to decide what to label next that works with any classifier model and can be used in pool-based batch active learning with one or multiple annotators. ActiveLab automatically estimates when it is more informative to re-label examples vs. labeling entirely new ones. This is a key aspect of producing high quality labels and trained models within a limited annotation budget. In experiments on image and tabular data, ActiveLab reliably trains more accurate classifiers with far fewer annotations than a wide variety of popular active learning methods.