Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Water droplet impact energy harvesting with P(VDF-TrFE) piezoelectric cantilevers on stainless steel substrates

Harvesting energy from ambient environmental sources using piezoelectric transducers has seen a tremendous amount of interest from the scientific community in recent times. The practicality of energy scavenging technology looks set to see continued relevance, with decreasing power demands of electrical systems, such as wireless sensor networks, allowing such technology to progressively act as an energy source to drive and sustain them independently. In light of this, there is a growing opportunity for piezoelectric materials to prolong, or even replace, battery powered sensor systems positioned in remote or difficult to reach areas. It has been demonstrated that falling water droplets of millimetric-scale diameter can impart forces of over a thousand times their resting weight upon surface impact. As such, the potential for utilising piezoelectric transducers to drive sensor systems, by converting the kinetic impact energy of falling water droplets into useful electrical energy, is investigated. The key parameters that affect the efficiency of energy transfer between incident water droplets and piezoelectric cantilever structures made of stainless steel foil coated with the lead-free piezoelectric material P(VDF-TrFE) are investigated. A peak power output of 28 nJ achieved from the impact of a 5.5 mm diameter droplet upon a single energy harvesting transducer illustrated that, for droplets of diameter 3.1–5.5 mm impacting from heights between 0.5 and 2.0 m, it is desirable to utilise piezoelectric transducer beams of bending stiffness in the range of 0.067–0.134 N m−1 in order to achieve good energy transfer efficiency. Although the active electrode area was constrained in order to maintain consistency between samples, reducing the peak energy output, the achieved results correspond to a 15.9 J m−3 energy density, representing the significant energy transfer efficiency achievable through appropriate transducer mechanical tailoring to the excitation source.
Mechanical and fracture properties of recycled aggregate concrete in design codes and empirical models

In this paper the relationships between the mechanical and fracture properties of recycled aggregate concretes (RAC) are investigated based on the own research programs results and an extensive number of experimental data from the literature. The primary aim is the extension of design standards empirical models to the case of RAC with particular emphasis on the effect of replacement ratio on mechanical properties, uniaxial stress–strain curve, fracture energy, and stress–strain softening curve's parameters.
Strategic Value at the Front End of a Radical Innovation Program

Firms implement radical innovation programs to create strategic value. Ensuring the success of these programs may require involving the business network. This article pursues increased knowledge on strategic value in a radical innovation program and the means to promote readiness for value creation in the business network. A case study was implemented at the front end of a radical innovation program introducing intelligent technologies. The multilevel nature of strategic value is revealed, thereby offering a novel perspective on value-related research. Business, technical, solution, customer, and change readiness are introduced as requirements for implementing strategic value in the business network.
Numerical simulation of the two-degree-of-freedom vortex induced vibration of a circular cylinder at Reynolds number of O(104∼105)

Vortex induced vibration (VIV) is of practical interest since it can result in the fatigue damage of structures, so has been a highly researched topic during the past few decades. The present study employs the unsteady Reynolds-Averaged-Navier–Stokes (URANS) equations combined with the shear-stress transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model to carry out the numerical simulation of the two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) VIV at Reynolds number of O(104∼105). The present numerical method is validated through the comparison of the numerically and experimentally obtained response amplitude, lock-in frequency and hydrodynamic force, and the obtained vortex shedding modes are demonstrated. Based on the numerical model, this study parametrically investigates the effect of the Reynolds number, mass-damping ratio on the 2DOF VIV. The results indicate that the changes of the Reynolds number in the range of 104∼105 seem to have little effect on the VIV, and the maximum non-dimensional amplitude of the cross-flow (CF) VIV keeps close to 1.5. The in-line (IL) VIV is more sensitive to the Reynolds number than CF VIV. Additionally, with the increase of the mass-damping ratio, the peak of the CF non-dimensional amplitude in 2DOF VIV decreases, and its difference with that in 1DOF VIV decreases.
A Simple Reluctance Calibration Strategy to Obtain the Flux-Linkage Characteristics of Switched Reluctance Machines

To predict the dynamic performance or realize advanced control for switched reluctance machines (SRMs), knowledge of the flux-linkage characteristics is essential. These characteristics can be determined by a magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC), a finite-element method (FEM), or measurements. The MEC and FEM results are usually not accurate, while results from measurements are accurate, but very expensive and time-consuming. In this paper, a new calibration strategy is proposed to quickly obtain flux-linkage characteristics with low effort. First, flux-linkage samples at aligned and unaligned positions are obtained from fast measurement. Then, a reluctance calibration strategy is utilized to calibrate the airgap and iron reluctance parameters with measurement values. The calibration results are compared with complete measurement results, and good agreements can be found, which verifies the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed strategy. Furthermore, a simulation model is built in MATLAB with the calibration results, and dynamic performances at different speeds and control strategies are simulated and compared with experiments for further validation. In addition, the applicability of the proposed method to the variation of some parameters, such as material, airgap, and winding placement, and different topologies is discussed as well. The presented strategy can serve as a low-effort way to obtain accurate flux-linkage characteristics of SRMs.
A Parallel Algorithm for Transient Stability Computing Based on Multi-core Processor Technology

This paper focuses on the parallel algorithm and design for transient stability analysis and presents an improved algorithm suitable for implementation in the multi-core computers.The algorithm uses the OpenMP interface instead of the message passing interface to transform most of the computing work into parallel computing.The minimum degree minimum length re-order algorithm and the network partition algorithm based on the factorization path tree are used,so that each core can deal with one part of the task.With reliable high bandwidth and low-latency communication due to the architecture of shared memory and cache,the fine-grain parallel with multi-core computers can be realized.Finally,the program is tested with two systems of 1 056 and 3 872 buses.Test results show that,compared to traditional parallel technology,parallel algorithm based on multi-core processor achieves apparent improvements in computational efficiency,gaining speed-up ratio of more than 1.7 and 3.0 for dual-core and quad-core computers respectively.
Normalized Modeling of Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Based on Equivalence Transformation and Unit-Less Parameters

Micro-electromechanical systems are ubiquitous in several energy harvesting solutions and can be used in applications such as bio-implantable devices and wireless micro-sensors. Piezoelectricity is an interesting key to perform the interface between environmental extracted energy and the power delivered to the load due to the use of mechanical vibration and resonance features. However, it is necessary for a detailed analysis in order to obtain an accurate understanding of the system. In this regard, some works deal with the normalization procedures to analyze the piezoelectric component behavior based on the mechanical resonance frequency. In order to enhance the system modeling, the electromechanical resonance frequency must also be analyzed. This paper deals with an approach to model the piezoelectric component that allows analyzing several unitless parameters that are critical to improve the performance of the system. In addition, a state-space model for the piezo-harvester based on the Class-E resonant rectifier is presented. Some experimental results are shown to validate the theoretical approach. [2019-0082]
An On-Chip Thermal Monitoring System With a Temperature Sensing Area of 52 $\mu$ m2 in 180-nm CMOS

In this brief, an on-chip remote thermal monitoring system with a temperature sensing area of $52~\mu \text{m}^{2}$ is proposed. To minimize the area, a diode-connected pMOS is exploited as the linear temperature sensing element and a read-out unit is shared among the sensors. The effect of parasitic resistance along the interconnect is reduced by the proposed voltage-to-time converter (VTC). For temperature independent read-out, two feedback loops are employed that exploit the stable period of a crystal oscillator. Implemented in 180-nm CMOS, the prototype IC achieves +2.3 °C/−2.2 °C error over 0 to 100 °C after one-point calibration at 25 °C.
An MBD based framework for relative position accuracy measurement in digital assembly of large-scale component

Purpose This paper aims to promote the integration of the relative position accuracy (RPA) measurement and evaluation in digital assembly process by adopting the model-based method. An integrated framework for RPA measurement is proposed based on a model-based definition (MBD) data set. The study also aims to promote the efficiency of inspection planning of RPA measurement by improving the reusability and configurability of the inspection planning. Design/methodology/approach The works have been carried out on three layers. In the data layer, an extended MBD data set is constructed to describe the objects and data for defining RPA measurement items; In definition layer, a model based and hierarchical structure for RPA item definition is constructed to support quick definition for RPA measurement items. In function layer, a toolset consisting three modules is constructed in a sequence from measurement planning to RPA value solving to visualized displaying again. Based on this framework, a prototype system is developed. Findings The paper provides an identified practice of model-based inspection. It suggests that MBD is valuable in promoting both the integration and efficiency of digital inspection. Research limitations/implications The templates and constructed geometry objects given in this paper are still limited in a scenario of aircraft assembly. The integrity and universality of them still need follow-up works. Practical implications The paper includes implications for the model based digital inspection, the digital assembly and the extended application of MBD. Originality/value This paper expands the application of MBD in inspection and fulfils the need to promote the integration and efficiency of digital inspection in large-scale component assembly.
Getting the forest for the trees: Situation transcending is massively multiplayer online games

The traditional language classroom has always been, in my mind, a kind of laboratory for language learners; in other words, I view it as a safe and controlled environment to practice something that is learnable. In the classroom, language is boiled down into learnable units which may differ depending upon the teaching method: grammar or vocabulary drilled and memorized by rote in the case of grammar-translation, or functions and topics in more communicative methods. Most of the time, productive classroom use of language is limited in context and scope, and limited to the small community of learners within. Materials and linguistic artifacts such as essays, posters, or course newspapers either stay inside the classroom walls, or are disseminated only to the immediate outside community. In the end, both teachers and students hope that language learning and use inside a safe and controlled classroom environment will transfer into myriad unpredictable contexts and situations outside. Over the past three decades, computers and technology have also played a part in the language classroom. Unfortunately, all too often the computer merely replicates activities that can just as easily be done with paper and pen (Ballance, 2012). While linguistic input might be audiovisually more sophisticated and realistic in language learning software, learners in all likelihood engage with the material in a similar manner as they would in a traditional language classroom. Despite the ability for computers to create much more sophisticated linguistic or cultural artifacts, those materials can only reach a limited audience. So, it seems that computer-assisted language learning (CALL) has seen its great potential wasted. However, with the growth of Web 2.0 technologies and tools such as wikis, blogs, social media, smartphones, YouTube, Google Drive, and video game genres such as massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs), it seems that CALL is undergoing a revolution of sorts, one which is at last beginning to link together disparate language learning communities around the world. Traditional CALL software is designed specifically from the ground up for language
Efficient Web Content Mining using DOM Intersection Method: A Website Template Detection Approach

The web data extraction in an unsupervised way from millions of websites available on World Wide Web is a challenging and difficult job. Many methodologies and work have been done earlier in this area, but these presents a serious limitation for enormously growing information on the internet and hence requires some robust mechanism for dealing with this issue. Many commercial web sites page displays unwanted information in the user is not at all interested. Such information is called as Noise. Hence before proceeding further for actual data extraction this noise must remove to achieve the efficiency of data extraction at later stages. This paper presents a Document Object Model (DOM) tree intersection technique for template detection for a particular website. In detected template, only useful information will be available and all common information will be removed. In this method, a training web page is considered from a particular websites and Document Object Model tree is prepared. The DOM of training web page will be used for intersecting the other web page of the same website, hence only giving information about actual data presented on that web page. Once the web page template is detected then wrapper generation rules for data extraction can be formed easily to avoid the further intersection of the webpage for grabbing the information. The wrapper will be applied directly for all other web pages of that websites for data extraction. This method is more efficient than the web page segmentation process which has been used by the earlier researcher for automatic web data extraction.
Effect of sodium nitrate concentration on biomass and oil production of four microalgae species

ABSTRACT The chemical composition of the culture medium is essential for microalgae growth, and to increase the production of biomass and oil. This work studied the influence of sodium nitrate concentration on microalgae growth, biomass production and oil recovery in Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis oculata, Tetraselmis chui, and Tetraselmis tetrathele. Microalgae were cultivated in mediums with the addition of sodium nitrate varying from 25 to 75 mg/L. The increase of sodium nitrate increased the biomass production of N.oculata (from 0.4 to 2.2 g/L) and C.vulgaris (from 1.4 to 3.4 g/L) and had limited influence on the growth of T.tetrathele, while no change was observed on the growth of T.chui. The oil to biomass ratio increased with nitrogen limitation, with N.oculata presenting the highest oil to biomass ratio. Chlorella vulgaris presented the highest lipid productivity (0.15 g/L.day), while T.chui was the only microalgae that presented its highest productivity at low sodium nitrate concentration.
Dynamic Optimal Power Flow dengan kurva biaya pembangkitan tidak mulus menggunakan Particle Swarm Optimization

Abstrak—Dynamic optimal power flow memiliki peranan penting dalam perencanaan sistem tenaga listrik. Dynamic optimal power flow (DOPF) adalah sebuah metode untuk penjadwalan output generator online untuk memenuhi permintaan beban dalam jangka waktu tertentu agar sistem tenaga listrik dapat beroperasi dengan ekonomis. DOPF merupakan pengembangan dari Optimal Power Flow (OPF) konvensional dengan menambahkan ramp rate generator sebagai konstrain. Generator memiliki permasalahan dalam
Design and Implementation of a Wake-Up Radio Receiver for Fast 250 kb/s Bit Rate

Wake-up radio (WuR) systems have appeared as a solution for reducing power consumption. As IEEE 802.11 is the preferred radio technology, IEEE 802.11 task group TGba focuses on the IEEE 802.11-based WuR standardization. We present an implementation of a wake-up receiver (WuRx), based on off-the-shelf components, using a microcontroller unit for decodification at the fastest bit rate of 250 kb/s allowed by TGba. The proof-of-concept that has been developed, does not aim at presenting an optimized power consumption solution for WuRx, but at enabling a comparative evaluation for several reception cases based on latency and power utilization. The evaluation of the performance shows the WuRx robustness in presence of frame receptions different from the expected for WuR operation or addressed to other WuRx in the surrounding area. This letter also presents the convenience of implementing a mechanism for avoiding consecutive erroneous WuRx identification matchings within the same WuR procedure.
E-Readers and Publishing's Bottom Line: The Opportunities and Challenges Presented by the Explosion of the E-Reader Market

If 2009 was the worst of times for most of the information industry, it was a decidedly good year for manufacturers of digital e-reading alternatives. In a year when 34% of Americans reported cutting down on the number of books they were purchasing, the news of e-reading devices flying off shelves should be encouraging to businesses whose lifeblood is the provision of engaging content. Yet for publishers, the mainstream adoption of digital reading alternatives brings huge financial challenges alongside the tantalizing opportunities.
REAL TIME IMPLEMENTATION OF NONLINEAR PI CONTROLLER FOR THE INDUCTION MACHINE CONTROL

In this paper a nonlinear PI (NPI) controller are proposed and compared with the conventional linear fixed-gain PI controller to improve the overall performance of the system by incorporating a sector-bounded nonlinear gain in cascade with a conventional PI control architecture. The proposed controller has implemented for a 1.5-kW three-Phase Induction Motor are completely carried out using a dSPACE DS1104 digital signal processor (DSP) based real-time data acquisition control (DAC) system, and MATLAB/Simulink environment. Digital experimental results are presented to show the improvement in performance of the proposed algorithm.
The Optimization of Logistics Distribution Route Based on Dijkstra's Algorithm and C-W Savings Algorithm

The optimization problem of vehicle distribution routing could be summarized as vehicle routing problem (VRP). The paper simply introduced logistics distribution VRP, established the corresponding optimization model of distribution routing by Dijkstra's Algorithm and Savings Algorithm based on MATLAB software, and verified the effectiveness of the combinational algorithm in accordance with example analysis. According to the results, Dijkstra's Algorithm and Savings Algorithm could optimize logistics distribution routing, effectively reduce distribution mileage and the number of the distributed vehicles, and thus achieve the goal of improving the distribution efficiency, reducing distribution costs, and relieving traffic pressure.
Urban Distribution Optimization of Electric Vehicles Considering the Distribution of Charging Piles and Carbon Emission

The increasing demand of urban distribution aggravates urban congestion and environmental pollution. In view of the growing serious environmental problems, the urban distribution of electric vehicles (EVs) can alleviate the pollution caused by vehicle emissions to a certain extent. However, in practical application, this urban distribution is affected by the scarce distribution of public charging piles and the limited mileage per charge, which bring difficulties to the operation scheduling. An optimization method considering the distribution of public charging piles and carbon emissions was proposed to improve the efficiency of the urban distribution of EVs. With the minimum total distribution cost as the optimization objective, an optimization model based on the distribution of the public charging pile network and considering the restriction of mileage per charge was established. Hill-climbing algorithm was introduced in accordance with the requirements and characteristics of the optimization model to improve the standard genetic algorithm (SGA) and its local solving capability. The feasibility and validity of the model and hill-climbing genetic algorithm (HCGA) were verified by solving smalland large-scale numerical examples. Results demonstrate that the optimization model and HCGA proposed can effectively provide optimized solutions for the urban distribution of EVs. The designed HCGA has a better searching capability than SGA. For the small-scale numerical example, the average total cost of the feasible solutions obtained by HCGA is 18.2% less than that by SGA, whereas for the large-scale example, the cost is 6% less than that by SGA. This study provides references for saving on the distribution cost and guiding the urban distribution scheduling and optimization of EVs.
Acoustic diagnostics of electrical origin fault modes with readily available consumer‐grade sensors

Acoustic diagnostics, traditionally associated with mechanical fault modes, can potentially solve a wider range of monitoring applications. Typically, fault modes are induced purposefully by the researcher through physical component damage whilst the system is shutdown. This paper presents low-cost real-time fault diagnostics of a previously unreported acute electrical origin fault that manifests sporadically during system operation with no triggering intervention. A suitability study into acoustic measurements from readily available consumer-grade sensors for low-cost real-time diagnostics of audible faults, and a brief overview of the theory and configuration of the wavelet packet transform (including optimal wavelet selection methods) and empirical mode decomposition processing algorithms is also included. The example electrical origin fault studied here is an unpredictable current instability arising with the PWM-controller of a BrushLess DC motor. Experimental trials positively detect 99.9 % of the 1160 resultant high-bandwidth torque transients using acoustic measurements from a USB microphone and a smartphone. While the use of acoustic techniques for detecting emerging electrical origin faults remains largely unexplored, the techniques demonstrated here can be readily adopted for the prevention of catastrophic failure of drive and power electronic components.