Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Policy impacts estimates are sensitive to data selection in empirical analysis: evidence from the United States – Canada softwood lumber trade dispute

In this paper, we use the U.S. softwood lumber import demand model as a case study to show that the effects of past trade policies are sensitive to the data sample used in empirical analyses. We conclude that, to be consistent with the purpose of analysis of policy and to ensure all else being equal, policy impacts can only be judged by using data up to the time when the policy is terminated.
Automatic Contextual Commit Message Generation : A Two-phase Conversion Approach

Generating high-quality commit messages are very important in maintaining records of changes for bug fixes and feature additions in software. Short commit messages can contain vague information about changes while long messages may contain unnecessary information. To the best of our knowledge, all state-of-the-art techniques fail to fulfill the complete requirements of clear and contextual commit messages. Thus, this paper discusses the conversion of diffs using a two-phase conversion approach (diffs to natural language, natural language to commit message) to fulfill the requirements of clear, contextual, and precise commit messages. The first phase of the approach describes source code changes in human understandable natural language. The second phase adopts the recent neural machine translation technique to produce contextual commit messages. We use recent quantitative score like Bleu to evaluate the quality of the commit messages produced by the approach.
Chapter 4 A New-Keynesian DSGE Model for Forecasting the South African Economy

The objective of this paper is to develop a New-Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (NKDSGE) Model for forecasting growth rate of output, inflation, and a measure of nominal short-term interest rate, in our case the 91days Treasury Bills rate, for South African economy. The model is estimated via maximum likelihood technique for quarterly data over the period of 1970:12000:4. Based on a recursive estimation using the Kalman filter algorithm, the out-of-sample forecasts from the NKDSGE model are then compared with the same generated from the Classical and Bayesian variants of the VAR models for the period 2001:1-2006:4.
Slip Velocity Distribution in a Parallel Plate Channel on Asymmetric Thermal Boundary Condition

Steady, laminar and fully developed flows in parallel plate microchannel with asymmetric thermal wall conditions are solved by control volume technique. In order to examine the influence of Reynolds number and Knudsen number on the velocity distributions, a series of simulations are performed for different Reynolds and Knudsen numbers. Nitrogen gas is used as working fluid and we assume the fluid as continuum but employ the slip boundary conditions on the walls. The Navier-Stokes and energy equations are solved simultaneously. The results are found in good agreement with those predicted by analytical solutions in 2D continuous flow model employing first order slip boundary conditions. It is concluded that the rarefaction flattens the velocity distribution. If the product of Reynolds numbers and Knudsen numbers is fixed, the cross sectional average velocity is fixed for incompressible flow. GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. Vol. 35 (2015) 113-126
GENERAL HEAT CONDUCTION EQUATIONS BASED ON THE THERMOMASS THEORY

The thermomass theory regards heat owning mass-energy duality, exhibiting energy-like features in conversion and mass-like features in transfer processes. The equivalent mass of thermal energy is determined by the mass-energy equivalence of Einstein, which therefore leads to the inertia of heat in transfer. In this work, we build up a thermomass gas model based on this theory to describe the fluid-flow-like heat conduction process in a medium. The equation of state and the governing equations for transport for the thermomass gas have been derived based on methodologies of the classical mechanics since the drift speed of thermomass gas is generally far lower than the speed of light. We therefore present the general heat conduction law to describe the relationship between the heat flux and the temperature fields. The general law provides us a new viewpoint to understand the previous laws for heat conduction, such as the Fourier’s law and the CV (Cattaneo-Vernotte) model. The general law will degenerate to the Fourier’s law when all the thermal inertial effects are negligible or to the CV model for the unsteady heat conduction when the spacedependent inertial effects are negligible. The non-Fourier conductions, both the ultrafast heating/cooling and the ultrahigh-rate steady-state ones, have been studied using the general heat conduction law with the thermal inertial effects fully considered, and compared with the previous theoretical models and experimental data.
The Influence and Deception of Twitter: The Authenticity of the Narrative and Slacktivism in the Australian Electoral Process

1 Edith Cowan University School of Computer and Security Science 2 ECU Security Research Institute d.cook@ecu.edu. au Abstract It is uncertain how many discreet users occupy the social media community. Fake tweets, sock puppets, forcemultipliers and botnets have become embedded within the fabric of new media in sufficient numbers that social media support by means of quantity is no longer a reliable metric for determining authority and influence within openly expressed issues and causes. Election campaigns, and their associated political agendas, can now be influenced by non-specific virtual presences that cajole and redirect opinions without declaring identity or allegiance. In the lead up to the 2013 Australian Federal Election, the open source Twitter activity for the two major party leaders was examined in order to establish patterns of information diffusion. The results showed fake online personas, fake bots deploying automated Twitter dissemination, and deceptive Twitter strategies. New media tolerates slacktivism, where Twitter users mistake auto-narrative for genuine political sentiment. This study demonstrates the need to increase legitimacy and validity in micro-blogging forms of new media.
Mathematical and Numerical Techniques for Open Periodic Waveguides

The propagation of electromagnetic waves in dielectric slab waveguides with periodic corrugations is described by the spectrum of the Helmholtz operator on an infinite strip with quasiperiodic boundary conditions. This paper reviews the basic properties of this spectrum, which typically consists of guided modes, radiation modes and leaky modes. A great deal of attention will be devoted to planar waveguides which share some of the important features of the periodic case. To compute the eigenmodes and the associated propagation constants numerically, one usually truncates the domain that contains the grating and imposes certain radiation conditions on the artificial boundary. An alternative to this approach is to decompose the infinite strip into a rectangle, which contains the grating, and two semi-infinite domains. The guided and leaky modes can be computed by matching the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator on the interfaces of these three domains. The discretized eigenvalue problem is nonlinear because of the appearance of the propagation constant in the artificial boundary condition. We will discuss how such problems can be solved by numerical continuation. In this approach, one starts with an approximating planar waveguide and then follows the solutions by a continuous transition to the multilayer periodic structure. The chapPreprint of an article that will appear in Progress in Computational Physics (PiCP) 50-72,Matthias Ehrhardt, editor, Bentham (2010). ter is concluded with a brief description of how the perfectly matched layer can be used to compute the guided modes of a waveguide.
Analysis of Composite Scattering from a Target Above/Below a Dielectric Rough Surface using Higher Order Basis Functions

─ In this paper, the validity of four types of higher order basis functions for analyzing the 3D EM scattering from the target and dielectric rough surface is investigated. Although the higher order basis functions can reduce the number of unknowns significantly, the iterative solution time may increase with the order of the basis because the matrix condition numbers deteriorates with the basis order increase. This may be relative to: (a) The truncation of the dielectric rough surface and the interaction between the object and the rough surface; (b) the properties of the basis functions adopted. In this paper, a variety of models including a rough surface only, an object above or below the rough surface are investigated with different higher order basis functions. The program is based on the Poggio-Miller-ChangHarrington-Wu-Tsai (PMCHW) integral equations. The multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) and flexible generalized minimal residual (FGMRES) techniques are used to further accelerate the iteration solution. Index Terms ─ Electromagnetic scattering, higher order basis functions, MLFMA, rough surface.
Analysis of Blood Flow Parameters to Detect Abnormalities in Blood Vessels

Due to the lifestyle of today’s generation, people suffer from cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, there is a high mortality rate in developed countries. The cardio vascular system of the human body consists of a large number of blood vessels, which consists of various important parameters that can be analyses and studied. The pulsating blood flow is extremely complicated due to the large number of blood vessels. Blood flow gives us important information which helps to track down various diseases. In recent times, various techniques have been developed to analyse blood flow. These analyses detect abnormalities in blood flow such as aneurysms and clots. This paper provides a literature survey of various methods to detect abnormality in blood vessels.
Ecological and Clinical Consequences of Antibiotic Subsistence by Environmental Microbes

Increasing multidrug resistance in clinical pathogens and declining rates of development of new antimicrobials is precipitating a worsening global health crisis (Fischbach and Walsh, 2009). Antibiotic resistance determinants encoded on mobilizable elements can readily transfer between diverse bacteria, allowing the accumulation and dissemination of resistance genes into a variety of interacting microbial communities (D’Costa et al., 2007; Davies, 1994; Davies and Davies, 2010; Wright, 2007). The genetic and biochemical mechanisms that govern the evolution and dissemination of drug resistance can be engineered into or be naturally acquired by many microbial pathogens, effectively annulling our primary chemotherapeutics against these disease-causing agents. For instance, a multidrug-resistant strain of the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis was recently isolated that had acquired a mobile genetic element that conferred resistance to six different drugs including tetracycline and chloramphenicol, the two first-line drugs against this pathogen (Pan et al., 2008). Consequently, there is an increasing interest in identifying and characterizing microbes from communities that may be accessible reservoirs of antibiotic resistance machinery (Allen et al., 2010; Wright, 2007).
Impurity-seeded plasma experiments on JET

Scaling to larger tokamaks of high confinement plasmas with radiating edges, induced by impurities, is being studied through internationally collaborative experiments on JET. In campaigns till the end of 2000, three different regimes have been explored. A small number of limiter L-mode discharges seeded with neon have most closely repeated the approach used on TEXTOR-94, but different collisionality and particle transport in JET impede central peaking of the density associated with improved confinement. Divertor L-modes at intermediate density, again with neon injection, have pursued transiently enhanced states found on DIII-D. Confinement up to H-mode quality, together with radiation fractions of ? 40%, have briefly been obtained, though central Zeff quickly increases. Most effectively, neon and argon seeding of higher density ELMy H-modes formed mainly at low triangularity on the septum of the MkIIGB divertor, resembling a pumped-limiter arrangement, have been examined. Good confinement has been sustained at densities close to the Greenwald level in `afterpuff' (AP) phases following the end of main gas fuelling, for little change of central Zeff but up to ? 60% radiation. Outstanding normalized properties up to H97 = 0.99 at fGwd = 0.94 have thus been achieved, above the conventional H-mode density limit for diverted plasmas. Stationarity of states has also been extended to many energy confinement times by including low, extra gas inputs in the `AP', suggestive of an optimized fuelling scheme. Further development in 2001 is reported separately in [1]. Accompanying ELMs are generally reduced in frequency though not evidently in size, electron pedestal pressure being almost unchanged from unseeded behaviour. There are indications of the most favourable impurity species scaling with plasma parameters, performance, radiation and its concentration within a mantle all increasing with argon compared to neon in JET. These benefits in terms of integrated properties are just as required for long burning pulses in ITER, supporting its use of a radiating mantle to assist not only power exhaust but performance too. Impurity-seeded H-modes can therefore contribute directly to next-step scenario development.
Decontaminate feature for tracking: adaptive tracking via evolutionary feature subset

Abstract. Although various visual tracking algorithms have been proposed in the last 2–3 decades, it remains a challenging problem for effective tracking with fast motion, deformation, occlusion, etc. Under complex tracking conditions, most tracking models are not discriminative and adaptive enough. When the combined feature vectors are inputted to the visual models, this may lead to redundancy causing low efficiency and ambiguity causing poor performance. An effective tracking algorithm is proposed to decontaminate features for each video sequence adaptively, where the visual modeling is treated as an optimization problem from the perspective of evolution. Every feature vector is compared to a biological individual and then decontaminated via classical evolutionary algorithms. With the optimized subsets of features, the “curse of dimensionality” has been avoided while the accuracy of the visual model has been improved. The proposed algorithm has been tested on several publicly available datasets with various tracking challenges and benchmarked with a number of state-of-the-art approaches. The comprehensive experiments have demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed methodology.
Advancing the understanding of plasma transport in mid-size stellarators

The tokamak and the stellarator are the two main candidate concepts for magnetically confining fusion plasmas. The flexibility of the mid-size stellarator devices together with their unique diagnostic capabilities make them ideally suited to study the relation between magnetic topology, electric fields and transport. This paper addresses advances in the understanding of plasma transport in mid-size stellarators with an emphasis on the physics of flows, transport control, impurity and particle transport and fast particles. The results described here emphasize an improved physics understanding of phenomena in stellarators that complements the empirical approach. Experiments in mid-size stellarators support the development of advanced plasma scenarios in Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) and, in concert with better physics understanding in tokamaks, may ultimately lead to an advance in the prediction of burning plasma behaviour.
MOX-Report No . 22 / 2016 Discontinuous Galerkin approximation of flows in fractured porous media

We present a numerical approximation of Darcy’s flow through a fractured porous medium which employs discontinuous Galerkin methods. For simplicity, we consider the case of a single fracture represented by a (d−1)-dimensional interface between two d-dimensional subdomains, d = 2, 3. We propose a discontinuous Galerkin finite element approximation for the flow in the porous matrix which is coupled with a conforming finite element scheme for the flow in the fracture. Suitable (physically consistent) coupling conditions complete the model. We theoretically analyse the resulting formulation and prove its well-posedness. Moreover, we derive optimal a priori error estimates in a suitable (mesh-dependent) energy norm and we present two-dimensional numerical experiments assessing their validity.
Integrated Approach for Solving Haziness in an Image Using Dark and Bright Channel Prior

Haze is a natural phenomenon that reduces visibility, clouds scenes, and changes colour. Since image quality degrades it is an irritating issue for photographers. The removal of haze, called dehazing, Haze is also a threat to the reliability of many applications, like outside surveillance, object discovery, and aerial imaging. Removing haze from pictures is important in computer vision/graphics. But haze removal is tremendously challenging due to its ambiguity that is mathematical. Here we propose a new prior called “Bright Channel Prior” to de -haze single picture combining with the Dark channel prior. The bright channel prior, which inspired by the dark channel earlier, is a statistic of haze-free images which can be outside. It really is centered on a key observation local patches in hazefree pictures that were outside include some pixels which have very low intensity in the absolute minimum of one colour channel. Using these priors with the imaging model that is haze, we can estimate the depth of the haze and regain a high quality haze-free image. Results on many different outdoor haze images present the power of the earlier that is projected. On the other hand, the DCP scheme has time consuming trouble as a result of matting that is soft. By using fast matting system using large kernel matting Laplacian matrices instead of time consuming soft matting in this paper the goal of planned dehazing procedure can also be able to improve quality and reduce calculation time of the picture simultaneously.
A Novel Compact Microstrip Balun Bandpass Filter Design Using Interdigital Capacitor Loaded Open Loop Resonators

A novel microstrip balun bandpass filter (BPF) is designed by using open loop resonators having interdigital capacitors. The interdigital capacitors are employed to control the center frequency easily. Opposite phase difference between the balanced outputs can be provided according to the suitable coupling topologies based on parallel and anti-parallel coupled lines. By this way, minimized magnitude imbalances between the balanced ports can also be obtained. In order to obtain two poles inside the passband, two identical resonators are coupled to each other. The designed balun BPF was fabricated and measured to validate the proposed methodology. Phase and magnitude imbalances inside the passband were measured within 180 ± 5◦ and 0.5 dB, respectively. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement.
Mathematical modeling and model-based optimum control of circulating fluidized bed combustors

A comprehensive mathematical model of circulating fluidized bed combustors was set up and verified by measurements carried out on a 300 MW industrial boiler. The one-dimensional cell model structure was used, and equations describing the dynamics of coal combustion, gas-gas reactions, fluid dynamics of the suspension and heat transfer were implemented. Partitioning the combustion chamber into only nine cells according to the geometrical characteristics of the technology plus an empirical cyclone temperature model was found to fulfill both requirements regarding accuracy and low computational demand. The later one is a key for its applicability in the area of controller design. Based on the available model, and considering the characteristics of this technology differing definitely from those of conventional combustors, a new optimum control strategy was proposed, modeled and tested successfully.
An approximate method for calculating transfer integrals based on the ZINDO Hamiltonian

In this article, we discuss a method for calculating transfer integrals for pairs of molecules based on Zerner's Independent Neglect of Differential Overlap Hamiltonian which requires only a single self-consistent field calculation on an isolated molecule to be performed to determine the transfer integral for a pair of molecules. This method is compared with results obtained by projection of the pair of molecules' molecular orbitals onto the vector space defined by the molecular orbitals of each isolated molecule. The two methods are found to be in good agreement using three compounds as model systems: pentacene, ethylene, and hexabenzocoronene. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Solvent extraction separation of zirconium(IV) from succinate media with N-n-octylaniline

The extraction behavior of zirconium(IV) from succinate (0.01 - 0.03 M) medium (25 mL) with 10 mL 3 % N-n-octylaniline in xylene was investigated. The pH range 3.7 - 5.0 was effective for the quantitative extraction of zirconium(IV). Zirconium(IV) was back extracted with 0.5 M HNO3 (3 5 mL). The method was free from interferences of a large number of cations and anions. Zirconium(IV) was separated from associated elements in its binary mixture with Mo(VI), Nb(V), Re(VII), La(III), Ti(IV), Th(IV) and Al(III). The proposed method was applied to synthetic mixtures. The results of analysis indicate that trace amounts of zirco- nium(IV) could be separated effectively from higher amounts of other elements. The method is simple, selective, rapid and eco-friendly.
Sound production behavior of individual North Atlantic right whales: implications for passive acoustic monitoring

Passive acoustic monitoring is being used to detect vocalizing marine mammals. Data on call types and individual rates of sound production are necessary to use passive acoustics to identify species, assess individual detectability, and estimate the number of individuals present. The present study describes the sound production behavior of endangered North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis in the Bay of Fundy, Canada, during July and August, recorded with suction cup archival tags (Dtag) in 2000 to 2002 and 2005. The Dtag simultaneously recorded acoustic data from a hydrophone along with the depth and orientation of the whale. Over 168 h of acoustic data were obtained from 46 tag deployments (35 ind.), with an average attachment dura- tion of 4.5 h. The rate of sound production was variable, ranging from 0 to 200 calls h �1 (mean ± SD: 6.4 ± 29.8 calls h �1 ), with 28 of the 46 tagged whales producing no calls (corresponding to 69/168 h of data). Right whale sounds from any whale in the area were recorded on most tag records, indicating that aggregations of whales may be detected more reliably than individuals. Calling rates were highest during surface activity and traveling and lowest during foraging and logging behavior. Whales of both sexes and all age-classes produced upcalls and other tonal calls, and 1 adult male produced gunshot sounds. The present study provides insight from the largest extant collection of recordings of individual North Atlantic right whales into the acoustic detectability of individual right whales and demonstrates that the behavioral state is the primary factor affecting calling rate.