Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review of Deterministic and Probabilistic Wind Power Forecasting: Models, Methods, and Future Research

The need to turn to more environmentally friendly sources of energy has led energy systems to focus on renewable sources of energy. Wind power has been a widely used source of green energy. However, the wind’s stochastic and unpredictable behavior has created several challenges to the operation and stability of energy systems. Forecasting models have been developed and excessively used in recent decades in order to deal with these challenges. Deterministic forecasting models have been the main focus of researchers and are still being developed in order to improve their accuracy. Furthermore, in recent years, in order to observe and study the uncertainty of forecasts, probabilistic forecasting models have been developed in order to give a wider view of the possible prediction outcomes. Advanced probabilistic and deterministic forecasting models could be used in order to facilitate the energy systems operation and energy markets management. This paper introduces an overview of state-of-the-art wind power deterministic and probabilistic models, developing a comparative evaluation between the different models reviewed, identifying their advantages and disadvantages, classifying and analyzing current and future research directions in this area.
Stability on the GMAW Process

The gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process is highly used in industrial production; therefore great efforts are made to select the appropriate procedure to ensure the highest quality. An area of study directly correlated to the quality of GMAW and widely studied is the control of process stability. The objective of this chapter is to present a bibliographical review of the scientific literature related to qualitative and quantitative indexes to evaluate the stability of the GMAW process. The documents present a compilation of the factors that affect stability, stability indexes, and, finally, a synthesis of the study. With a review of the literature, it was concluded that the highest percentage of investigation was aimed at the study of metal transfer stability, specifically with the short-circuit transfer mode. It is also evident that the main processing techniques to develop the indexes were the mathematical formulation; the statistical analysis; image processing; and monitoring of acoustic signals. In this text, the discussion surrounds the papers, the thesis, and other documents found on the theme.
Construction of a genetic linkage map and detection of quantitative trait locus for the ergothioneine content in tamogitake mushroom (Pleurotus cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus)

Developing high-content strains of L-ergothioneine (EGT), an antioxidant amino acid, is an important breeding target for tamogitake mushroom, Pleurotus cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus. We constructed a genetic linkage map based on segregation analysis of markers in 105 F1 progenies. The loci of 245 markers, including 10 AFLP markers, 195 Rad markers, 2 mating type factors, and 38 gene markers, were mapped. The map contained 12 linkage groups with a total genetic distance of 906.8 cM, and an average marker interval of 4.0 cM. The population from crossing between tester monokaryon and F1 progenies was used to characterize quantitative trait loci (QTL) for EGT content. With composite interval mapping (CIM) method, QTL of EGT content were found to be located in linkage group 10, having a Logarithm of the odds (LOD) score of 2.53 with a 10.1% contribution rate. Moreover, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), A/T, was identified in a gene region of the genome in the neighborhood where the QTL peak existed. This SNP genotype was in good agreement with the EGT phenotypes of each strain in the both QTL population and wild population. Thus, this SNP would have great potential value to use the marker-assisted selection (MAS) for this mushroom with high EGT content.
Long‐term changes in layered soil temperature based on ground measurements in Jiangsu Province, China

While air temperature has been widely investigated to better understand the recent climate changes, the importance of soil temperature has been underestimated and rarely studied. Here, the long‐term soil temperature changes and the occurrence of extreme heats have been studied based on daily measurements in Jiangsu Province for 1970–2017. A general warming trend in soil temperature is observed at most stations, and these trends are more pronounced in the cold seasons than the warm seasons. Due to the asymmetric warming of maximum and minimum soil temperatures over the past 48 years, the diurnal range shows a long‐term decreasing trend with a rate of −0.34°C/10a. The occurrences of extreme soil temperatures have been analysed based on the probability density functions. It is found that the hot soil days have increased and cold soil days have decreased significantly, and these changes are particularly significant in the most recent decades.
Impact‐Based Forecasting for Pluvial Floods

Pluvial floods in urban areas are caused by local, fast storm events with very high rainfall rates, which lead to inundation of streets and buildings before the storm water reaches a watercourse. An increase in frequency and intensity of heavy rainfall events and an ongoing urbanization may further increase the risk of pluvial flooding in many urban areas. Currently, warnings for pluvial floods are mostly limited to information on rainfall intensities and durations over larger areas, which is often not detailed enough to effectively protect people and goods. We present a proof‐of‐concept for an impact‐based forecasting system for pluvial floods. Using a model chain consisting of a rainfall forecast, an inundation, a contaminant transport and a damage model, we are able to provide predictions for the expected rainfall, the inundated areas, spreading of potential contamination and the expected damage to residential buildings. We use a neural network‐based inundation model, which significantly reduces the computation time of the model chain. To demonstrate the feasibility, we perform a hindcast of a recent pluvial flood event in an urban area in Germany. The required spatio‐temporal accuracy of rainfall forecasts is still a major challenge, but our results show that reliable impact‐based warnings can be forecasts are available up to 5 min before the peak of an extreme rainfall event. Based on our results, we discuss how the outputs of the impact‐based forecast could be used to disseminate impact‐based early warnings.
Modulation of Gas Adsorption and Magnetic Properties of Monolayer-MoS2 by Antisite Defect and Strain

The flexible nature and high surface-to-volume ratio make monolayer-MoS2 a novel paradigm for tunable nanoelectronic devices. However, for further improvement in the performance of these devices, a new design strategy is essential to modulate the properties of an inert MoS2 basal plane. Here, we demonstrate from first-principles that the gas adsorption and magnetic properties of MoS2 can be modulated through MoS antisite doping and strain. The MoS defect with localized d-orbital electron density significantly promotes the catalytic activity which leads to highly enhanced adsorption of NO, NO2, NH3, CO, and CO2 gas molecules. On application of a biaxial tensile strain, the adsorption of NH3 is further enhanced for the antisite-doped MoS2. In addition, strain-induced switching of magnetic states is also realized in antisite-doped MoS2 with and without adsorbed gas species. The superior strain modulation of antisite-doped MoS2 is explained by quantum confinement effect and strain-induced accumulation/depleti.
Functions of Windbreaks in the Landscape Ecological Network and Methods of Their Evaluation

Linear elements in the agricultural landscape, particularly windbreaks, reduce the wind speed and improve the microclimate in the protected zone. They offer many direct effects on agricultural production with maximum benefits of ecosystem biodiversity. Despite the indisputable advantages and favourable effects of permanent linear vegetation elements, their representation in the agricultural landscape is not as frequent as it used to be. Moreover, the formerly planted elements do not fulfil their original function due to the overgrowth and neglected maintenance. The optimum spatial and functional organisation of the newly proposed linear elements requires evaluation of the existing linear vegetation, its functional parameters and involvement in the landscape ecological network. Our report presents methods for the evaluation of the linear elements, both from the aspect of their internal structure and species composition (category A) and their involvement in the functional system (category B). The evaluation is based on seven established criteria and results in a point scoring system that reflects the characteristics of the reference criteria. In five selected localities, we tested the linear elements as individuals by the A method and their integrity by the B method of evaluation. In one locality only, the state of windbreaks was assessed as functional; at two localities, they were found as conditionally functional, and at two other localities, the state of the windbreaks was assessed as non-functional. An example of the evaluation of individual windbreaks (category A) is demonstrated in model localities in South Moravia, Czech Republic. The results of the evaluation of the model localities thus point out an unsatisfactory state of the linear elements in the region of South Moravia and the need to accord them increased care and to establish new plantations under professional supervision. Their building can be sped up by using the tools of land consolidation.
Study on Spatial Imbalance and Determinants of E-Commerce Development in Zhejiang, China

As a world-famous and well-developed e-commerce region, the development of e-commerce in Zhejiang province has always attracted people’s wide attention. Based on publicly available e-commerce transaction-related data, basic geographic data, and regional economic and social development data, we use the Gini coefficient to measure the imbalance of e-commerce development in Zhejiang province during 2017–2019. With the help of spatial analyst tools in ArcGIS desktop, the cluster and outlier analysis method is used to study the spatial pattern of e-commerce development in the province at the district or county-level city scale. To explore the causes of spatial aggregation and imbalance of e-commerce in Zhejiang province quantitatively, the paper proposes a geographical weighted regression (GWR) model with 15 economic and social development-related indicators. GWR and ordinary least squares (OLS) analysis indicate that 5 of the 15 selected indicators are highly related to the development of regional e-commerce development in Zhejiang, China.
The association between financial subsidies and introduction of non-native plant species: The paradox of afforestation programmes

ABSTRACT European Union (EU) afforestation programmes applied to marginal agricultural land contribute significantly to strengthening the rural economy and provide multiple products and ecosystem services. However, in some cases, they constituted the vehicle for the introduction and spread of invasive alien trees (IAS) in Europe. Invasive alien trees are now among the most conspicuous and damaging species, and they are regarded as a major threat to biodiversity throughout the world, causing economic, ecological and social effects. This survey focuses on a group of forest professionals directly involved in implementing EU afforestation, carried out under the Council Regulation (EEC) 2080/1992 and Council Regulation (EC) 1257/1999. A qualitative survey was conducted to assess the economic and environmental performance of EU afforestation programmes, through the analysis of professional opinions. Furthermore, as the use of invasive alien trees in the plantations has been a subject of great controversy, the survey attempts to explore experts’ attitudes and beliefs about the invasive plant species and the potential threats to the environment associated with their spread. The results indicate that the afforestation programmes did no manage to meet the intended goals, especially those related to the environment. They, also, highlight that knowledge about the methods and principles of dealing with plant IAS is limited, therefore better education is needed.
Design a Stethoscope Digital to Keep the Medical Practitioner at an Adequate Distance While Examining the Patient

A stethoscope is an instrument in medicine used to listen to the sounds produced in the body or auscultation, primarily to listen to the sound from the lungs and heartbeat. Medical practitioners usually use the sound from a stethoscope as an indicator to diagnose an illness. Regular stethoscope with earpiece is less effective to use since the novel coronavirus quickly spreading from saliva droplets. Medical practitioners have difficulty attaching the conventional stethoscope to the ear because they have to use personal protective equipment, including head covering, to deal with coronavirus patients and patients with other medical complaints. This research designs a digital stethoscope that can be used even the head of medical practitioners covered by safety clothes. This stethoscope has a sound sensor, OLED, a microprocessor, and a speaker. The sound of lungs and heartbeat from 30 volunteers was recorded to investigate the frequency of noise, lung, and heartbeat. A bandpass filter was designed to get the signal with an upper cut-off frequency of 50 Hz to 80 Hz and a lower cut-off frequency of 5 Hz. The result shows that this stethoscope can detect the number of heartbeats and give a clear lung sound. This device can help medical practitioners examine patients while keeping their distance from patients.
Students’ Social Perceptions of Humility and Arrogance Among Band Directors

In this study, I build on growing research examining humility in musical contexts by investigating whether band students perceive humility to be a positive and desirable social quality or a social weakness among band directors. Middle school, high school, and undergraduate band students (N = 117) evaluated the likability, knowledgeability, and preference for humble and arrogant band director targets by assessing recorded interviews with each director following a fictitious performance. The humble target demonstrated nonsuperiority and other-orientedness and acknowledged his room for growth in his interview, while the arrogant target spoke with a degree of self-importance, an inflated self-view, and a desire for credit and prestige in his interview. Results indicated that overall, participants expressed greater likability toward the humble director and overwhelmingly preferred him to the arrogant director (82.76%) but did not ascribe greater knowledgeability to either target. These differences were contingent on school level and whether participants were presented with the humble or arrogant target first. Findings support the pertinence of modeling humility in music teaching and refute the implicit premise that teachers who behave in an arrogant manner might appear more competent or capable among students.
Two-body and three-body dynamics in atom-ion experiments

During the last few decades, the two fields of ultracold neutral atoms and of single trapped ions have undergone an amazing development. The incorporation of both these systems into a single experiment exploits the complementary physical properties of the subsystems and opens up novel lines of research. In this thesis, I present experimental results obtained in one of the first hybrid atom-ion trap setups accessing the cold regime. Single Ba, Rb or Rb2 ions are brought to interaction with ultracold thermal or Bose-condensed samples of Rb atoms. The collision energies are set by heating mechanisms in the Paul trap and typically are on the order of mK·kB. Due to the polarizing effect that the excess charge of the ion has on the atoms, interactions are generally strong and longranged. We observe elastic atom-ion scattering in the semi-classical energy regime in which the cross section depends on the collision energy and favors scattering at small angles. Making use of our control over the atomic samples we were able to obtain a general good understanding of atom-ion two-body collisions. We observed sympathetic cooling of the ion over four orders of magnitude in energy through collisions with the ultracold atoms. Further, we utilized atom-ion scattering events to develop a novel and effective method to compensate excess ion micromotion, the primary source of ion heating in our experiments. Due to the long-range character of the interaction, three-body collisions between two atoms and the ion play an important role. We identified these processes through the large amounts of energy that they release. This makes them detectable despite their suppression with respect to two-body collisions. We also clearly showed that atom-atom-ion three-body collisions become more prominent as the collision energy decreases. Finally, we employed our atom-ion apparatus to gain novel insights into threebody recombination between ultracold atoms. In these experiments the ion trap acts as an extremely sensitive ion detector with essentially no background events. Through three-body recombination a Rb2 molecule is formed and can undergo resonanceenhanced multi-photon ionization by absorbing photons from a strong narrow-linewidth laser. By scanning the frequency of the ionization laser we obtained a molecular spectrum and identified the population of molecular levels with different vibrational, rotational, electronic and nuclear spin quantum numbers. This indicates that threebody recombination leads to a relatively broad distribution of final states.
Using Critical Environmental Agency to Engage Teachers in Local Watersheds through Water Quality Citizen Science

This qualitative study explores teachers’ critical environmental agency (CEA) through deepening content knowledge, engaging in identity development, developing a critical consciousness of place, and moving toward civic action. We explored the meanings secondary science teachers made of an on-going professional development (PD) situated in the Okefenokee Swamp (unique ecosystem that drains to Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean) and focused on local watershed citizen science monitoring and the global implications of all water being connected. Data analyses focused on how the nineteen teachers’ experiences and meanings were leveraged to develop CEA and the constraints that restricted their CEA development. Our findings broaden the understanding of how teachers, who teach historically underrepresented youth in low socioeconomic rural areas, come to see themselves as people who care about the environment and become empowered to envision a more sustainable future for their students and communities.
Correlation of imaging findings with clinical examination: Traumatic knee

Impaction and distraction injuries have different characteristic appearances on MR Images. Impaction causes bone marrow edema. On MR images, trabecular contusion has the appearance of bone marrow edema. Ligament damage is a common and important distraction injury, with numerous MRI manifestations. A prospective study consisting of 50 patients with traumatic knee joint is undertaken to study the spectrum of MRI findings in all consecutive cases of knee trauma referred from orthopaedic OPD. Out of 50 patients studied, 18 (64.3%) patients were exposed for both Lachman’s test and ACL tear. In 10 (35.7%) patients ACL tear were not suspected clinically on Lachman’s test but were detected on MRI.
Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae to white grubs Holotrichia serrata

Holotrichia serrata species of white grub is one of the major pests in sugarcane causing severe damage to kharif crops by its larval stages which lives inside the soil and causes quantifiable losses in the crops. Their infestation has been reported across the country and incidence is increasing every year. Current suppression strategy is mainly strategized with the use of chemical pesticides; however, none of them are found effective by farmers in lowering down their population below ETL. The biological factors that influence populations of white grubs’ complex are relevant to the potentiality of the biological control with soil fungi. Metarhizium anisopliae is an entomopathogenic fungus that occurs naturally in soils and causes disease in various insect pests. Laboratory assays were done to measure the pathogenicity of M. anisopliae against H. serrata. M. anisopliae identified as pathogenic for eggs to adult stage of test insect pest at higher dose 1010 spores/ml. The result showed that higher doses achieving greater killing in eggs and much effective for 1st and 2nd instar grub, pupal and adult stage after 20 days of treatment; however it is not recorded to be effective against 3rd instar of grub at this doze.
Having It All? Strategies of Women Corrections Executives to Maintain a Work-Life Balance

ABSTRACT Within the last 20 years, women have benefited from increased opportunity for employment in traditionally male dominated fields. Yet, they continue to face inequality in the home, where they shoulder a disproportionate share of domestic responsibilities. Referred to as “the second shift” by Hochschild in 1989, these ascribed gender roles remain resistant to change. Based on surveys and interviews with members of the Association of Women Executives in Corrections (AWEC), this study examines how the challenges of achieving a work-life balance impacts women’s desires for, or ability to, compete for promotion in the field of corrections. The authors found that women corrections executives cited difficulties in achieving a work-life balance as a primary challenge to serving in executive-level roles. But despite their own professional accomplishments, they believed that the challenge of achieving a work-life balance remains a primary reason that women continue to be underrepresented as corrections executives. Study implications suggest that family friendly policies and support at the departmental level, for both men and women, might encourage more women to apply to the executive ranks.
Toward Privacy-Preserving Task Assignment for Fully Distributed Spatial Crowdsourcing

With the proliferation of human-carried mobile devices, spatial crowdsourcing has emerged as a transformative system, where requesters outsource their spatiotemporal tasks to a set of workers who are willing to perform the tasks at the specified locations. However, in order to make efficient assignments, the existing spatial crowdsourcing system usually requires workers and/or tasks to expose their locations, which raises a significant concern of compromising location privacy. In addition, traditional spatial crowdsourcing systems employ a centralized server to manage the information of workers and tasks. Such a centralized design does not scale to a large number of workers/tasks, making the server easily a bottleneck. In this article, we present an online framework for assigning tasks to workers without compromising the location privacy in a fully distributed manner. Our system protects the location privacy of both workers and tasks through homomorphic encryption. We further propose a novel wait-and-decide mechanism and a proportional-backoff mechanism to increase the number of assigned tasks. Extensive experiments on real-world data sets illustrate that our proposed system achieves a large number of task assignments in an efficient and privacy-preserving manner.