Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Assessment of Laparoscopic and Open Pancreaticoduodenectomy:A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Recently, many investigations have been approached to develop advanced, safe surgical procedures with minimally invasive surgeries (MIS) to achieve the best medical service for patients undergoing such procedures. We aim to conduct a systematic review that summarizes the results of all published RCTs that were originally developed to compare laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) and open pancreatoduodenectomy. For that, a systematic electronic database search was conducted for relevant studies till 18th July 2020 in seven databases. Finally, four studies were included in the current study. The results were variable and statistical significance was not found in many of the included outcomes. These findings confirm that the overall efficacy of both approaches is nearly similar and favoring one of them over the other needs further investigations. However, the LPD procedure might have the advantage of being an MIS.
Introduction, Sign, Symptoms, Prevention and Management of Lyme Disease Caused by Borrelia burgdorferi Channeled through Ixodes Ticks as Vector. A Review

God has created many miraculous creature; ticks are one of them. Borrelia burgdorferi is a bacterium that lives into the gut of ticks. When such ticks feed upon the blood of Ticks and other livestock, bacteria are transferred into their blood stream of these hosts. A disease is caused into human beings if such infected tick bites humans that are called as Lyme disease. This review will help to have a keen study on the cause, sign, symptoms, prevention and management of this disease.
Keragaman Genetik Beberapa Genotipe Teh Berdasarkan Penanda RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA)

Informasi keragaman genetik dan ketersediaan plasma nutfah teh (Camellia sinensis) diperlukan dalam perakitan varietas unggul. Keragaman genetik berdasarkan penanda DNA dapat memberikan hasil yang lebih konsisten karena tidak dipengaruhi lingkungan. Dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 9 genotipe teh dianalisis keragamannya menggunakan enam penanda RAPD (OPA 03, OPA 05, OPB 04, OPB 06, OPC 06, dan OPD 08). Penelitian dilakukan mulai bulan Maret sampai Mei 2013 di Laboratorium Terpadu Biotrop Bogor. Perhitungan koefisien kesamaan genetik dan analisis gerombol dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak NTSYSpc versi 2.02. Sebanyak 54 lokus penanda RAPD berhasil diamplifikasi menggunakan enam primer dan 47 lokus di antaranya memiliki alel yang polimorfik (87,04%). Hasil analisis gerombol berdasarkan kesamaan genetiknya mengelompokkan 9 genotipe ke dalam enam kelompok. Empat kelompok (I, II, IV, V) masing-masing terdiri atas satu genotipe, sementara dua kelompok yang lain yaitu kelompok III dan VI masing-masing beranggotakan tiga dan dua genotipe.Kata Kunci: Camellia sinensis, diversitas genetik, penanda RAPDThe availability of diverse tea (Camellia sinensis) germplasms as well as the information about their genetic diversity is required for plant breeding program. Genetic diversity analysis based on DNA marker is known to be more effective since the markers provide more consistent results. In this study, nine tea genotypes were evaluated for their genetic diversity using six Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers (OPA 03, OPA 05, OPB 04, OPB 06, OPC 06, and OPD 08). The study was conducted from March to May 2013 in the Integrated Laboratory of Biotrop Bogor. The estimation of genetic similarity and the cluster analysis were done using NTSYSpc version 2.02. Of the six RAPD markers used in this study, a total of 54 RAPD marker loci have been successfully amplified. In which, 47 loci (87.04%) were polymorphic and subsequently used for the evaluation of tea genotypes. The results of cluster analysis showed that those tea genotypes were clustered into six groups. Each of four groups (I, II, IV, V) consisted of only one genotype. Meanwhile, the other two groups (III and VI) had three and two genotypes, respectively.
Probabilistic Elastic-plastic Fracture Mechanics Analysis of Propagation of Cracks in Pipes under Internal Pressure

This study presents a three dimensional finite element method analysis of semi-elliptical surface cracks in pipes under internal pressure load. In the elastic–plastic case, estimates of the J-integral are presented for various ratios including crack depth to pipe thickness (a/t) and strain hardening index in the (R-O) Ramberg-Osgood (n). Finally, failure probability is accessed by a statistical analysis for uncertainties in loads and material properties, and structural reliability and crack size. The Monte Carlo method is used to predict the distribution function of the mechanical response. According to the obtained results, we note that the stress variation and the crack size are important factors influencing on the distribution function of (J/Je).
Caractérisation de l'opéron métabolique fru2 de Streptococcus agalactiae : phylogénie, induction, et régulation

Streptococcus agalactiae est la premiere cause d’infections neonatales, et est aussi un pathogene emergent chez l’adulte immunodeprime. L’objectif de ce travail de these a ete de caracteriser l’operon metabolique fru2 de S. agalactiae (i) en etudiant sa phylogenie, (ii) en identifiant ses inducteurs, et (iii) en elaborant son schema de regulation. Cet operon est compose de 7 genes qui codent un activateur transcriptionnel de la famille DeoR-like (Fru2R), un transporteur PTS (PTSFru2), et trois enzymes qui sont potentiellement impliquees dans la voie non oxydative des pentoses phosphates. Nous avons mis en evidence que cet operon avait ete acquis au cours de l’evolution, et n’etait present que chez les souches de complexes clonaux responsables d’infections chez l’adulte immunodeprime et la personne âgee. Nous avons ensuite montre que certains milieux complexes, sources de carbone, et liquides biologiques humains permettaient l’activation de cet operon. Ensuite, nous avons caracterise le role et fonctionnement de la proteine Fru2R (i) en montrant son role d’activateur transcriptionnel, (ii) en identifiant les acides amines essentiels a son activite, et (iii) en demontrant sa capacite a se fixer au niveau de la region promotrice de fru2.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Reticulitermes labralis and implications for Rhinotermitidae taxonomy

Abstract The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of Reticulitermes labralis was analyzed. This mitochondrial genome is a circular molecule of 15,914 bp in length and has the same gene content and organization as that found in other Reticulitermes species. It contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, two rRNAs (12S and 16S rRNA) and a non-coding AT-rich region (CR). The total base composition is strongly biased toward A + T nucleotides (65.1%). Most of the genes are encoded on the H strand, except for the other four protein-coding genes and eight tRNA genes on the L strand. The phylogenetic tree based on the nucleotide sequences of 13 mitochondrial PCGs using the Bayesian inference method supports the traditional morphologically analysis.
Relationship Between Leaf Area and Dry Matter in Southernpeas

Rapid, nondestructive, and precise methods for measuring leaf area are required to model plant growth, transpiration, and photosynthesis. Five southernpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ] cultivars were grown in a controlled environment using a Kirkland silt loam (Udertic Paleustoll) to determine if consistent relationships exist between leaf area, leaf dry matter, and total dry matter. Leaf area and leaf dry matter were closely correlated for the five southernpea cultivars (R2 = 0.90). Furthermore, leaf area and plant dry matter were also highly correlated (R2 = 0.89). The leaf area:leaf dry matter ratios were also consistent for all cultivars throughout the vegetative growth period. Therefore, in studies where leaf area is required, leaf dry matter or plant aerial dry matter may be used to estimate leaf area of southernpeas during the vegetative stage.
The Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of a CYP71 Gene in Ginkgo biloba L.

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) are a group of redox proteins that catalyze various oxidative reactions in plant secondary metabolism. To explore the function of the CYP71 gene in Ginkgo biloba under biotic and abiotic stresses, a full-length CYP gene, designated GbCYP71, was first isolated and characterized from leaves of G . biloba . It contained a 1512-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 503 amino-acid-deduced polypeptide whose theoretical molecular weight was 56.9 kDa. The genomic DNA sequence of GbCYP71 contained two exons and one intron. The cDNA of GbCYP71 was subcloned in a pET-32a vector and then transformed into E. coli strain BL21 (DE3). A protein with a molecular weight of 76.4 kDa was subsequently identified and found to be consistent with the above theoretical value. Transient expression analysis revealed that the GbCYP71 protein may be located in the G . biloba cell cytoplasm. GbCYP71 was expressed in almost all ginkgo tissues, including leaves, stamens, gynoecia, stems and, preferentially, roots. Expression-profiling analyses revealed that GbCYP71 can be induced by salinity stress and phytohormone signals, including salicylic acid, abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate and ethephon, but is repressed by heat and cold stresses. These results indicate that GbCYP71 mainly functions in responding to biotic and abiotic stresses.
Molecular phylogenetic relationship of Stigmaeopsis spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) collected from Yamagata Prefecture

We investigated the phylogenetic relationships of Stigmaeopsis spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) using sequence variation in the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) region of mitochondria DNA. We sequenced a total of 32 samples including four samples of S. takahashii and ten of S. longus from Yamagata Prefecture. Phylogenetic analyses based on the neighbor-joining and the Bayesian method revealed that Stigmaeopsis consists of five monophyletic groups corresponding to each species. Among them, the monophyletic group of S. longus was further divided into two subgroups; one is the northern group composed of the samples from the Hokkaido and Tohoku districts, and the other is the southern group of the samples from the Tohoku, Hokuriku, Shikoku, and Kyushu districts. This suggests that the current distribution of this species has employed two routes of expansion. It is interesting that the samples of S. longus from Yamagata Prefecture were divided into the two groups. This implies that S. longus had multi-expanded patterns of distribution in this prefecture.
Malting quality of barley lines derived from tissue culture

The occurrence of somaclonal (tissue culture-derived) variation in plants regenerated from tissue culture will influence the efficiency with which techniques such as genetic transformation can be used in the development of new barley cultivars. To assess the effect of somaclonal variation on malting quality, 12 families of tissue culture-derived lines from three barley cultivars were analyzed using standard micromalting techniques. Each family was derived from a single regenerated plant that, in turn, was derived from an immature embryo callus culture. Five to six plants from each family were selected in the R 2 generation based on phenotypic similarity to their uncultured parental controls, and advanced to the R 4 and R 5 generations for replicated field tests. The malting quality of the majority of these lines was altered by passage through tissue culture, and most alterations were undesirable. These results suggest that efforts should be made to delineate in vitro (tissue culture) conditions that are less mutagenic to cultured barley cells.
WHICH NON-NATIVE PLANTS ARE INCLUDED IN FLORISTIC ACCOUNTS?

It is suggested that four terms provide an adequate general description of the major categories of non-native plants in our flora: cultivated, persisting, waif, and naturalized. Comparative definitions are given for seven related terms that describe the non-native origin and floristic integration of vascular plant species in North America: adventive, alien, escaped, established, exotic, introduced, and non-native.
Physiological and biochemical indicators for assessing nitrogen-use efficiency in rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes under dry direct seeding

Abstract. To achieve high productivity of labour and water in rice cropping, farmers in South Asia have recently shown more interest in dry direct-seeded rice (DSR). An understanding of physiological and biochemical traits associated with high grain yield and efficiency of nitrogen (N) use is important to the development of genotypes for DSR. We investigated this issue with rice genotypes adapted to DSR in response to N rates. A 2-year study was conducted in a factorial randomised complete block design with eight genotypes and two N rates (75 and 150 kg N ha–1). Almost all of the physiological and biochemical traits studied (e.g. plant height, chlorophyll content, panicle weight, soluble sugars, starch) in DSR improved with increasing N from 75 to 150 kg ha–1, resulting in a 6% increase in yield at 150 kg N ha–1 relative to 75 kg N ha–1. Partial factor productivity of N was highest for the genotype IET-23455 (72.4 kg kg–1) and lowest for the genotype AAUDR (37.4 kg kg–1). Our results suggest that genotypes such as IET-23455 can maintain grain yield at low N rates as N-efficient genotypes. The greater biochemical activity (nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase, sugar, protein and proline) and higher photosynthetic N-use efficiency at low N rates could be used in selection for N-efficient rice genotypes for DSR.
Phylogeny and geography of Schefflera : Pervasive polyphyly in the largest genus of araliaceae

The angiosperm family Araliaceae presently comprises roughly 1600 species, over half of which are referable to a single genus, Schefflera, whose circumscription has been broadened substantially over the past three decades. Following up on several previous analyses suggesting that Schefflera may be non-monophyletic the present study employs an expanded sample of species from this genus, representing much more of the geographic and taxonomic breadth of Schefflera in its current circumscription. Results of phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear (ITS) and plastid (trnL-trnF) DNA sequences indicate that Schefflera is markedly polyphyletic, comprising no fewer than five major clades distributed across the phylogenetic tree of Araliaceae. However, despite its overall polyphyly. the reinstatement of most formerly recognized segregate genera would not yield monophyletic groups. By contrast, comparisons of the molecular cladograms to an informal classification system based on morphology indicate that all but one of its minigeneric groupings are monohyletic. The five clades of Schefflera recognized here also correspond perfeclly to geographic distributions: two morphologically distinct clades are centered in the southwest Pacific, and three other clades are centered in the Neotropies, Asia/Malesia. and Africa/Madagascar.
Complete mitochondrial genomes of two gecko species, Gekko hokouensis and Gekko japonicus (Squamata, Gekkonidae)

Abstract The Gekkonidae is the second-most-numerous Family in Sauria and widely distributed around the world. In this paper, the complete mitochondrial genomes of two gecko species, Gekko hokouensis and Gekko japonicas, were sequenced. The lengths of the two mitochondrial genomes (G. hokouensis and G. japonicus) are 17 956 bp and 17 769 bp, respectively. These mitochondrial genomes both contain 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and a non-coding region (control region). The overall base compositions of the H-strand of G. hokouensis and G. japonicus are 32.1% A, 26.7% T, 27.0% C, 14.2% G and 31.6% A, 25.2% T, 28.6% C, 14.7% G, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that G. hokouensis is a sister clade with G. swinhonis. G. japonicus has a close phylogenetic relationship to the clade of G. hokouensis and G. swinhonis.
Analysis of DNA replication during the SOS response in Escherichia coli.

Recovery of DNA synthesis in UV-irradiated E. coli. E. coli undergoing the SOS response to DNA damage (e.g. UV-irradiation) displays transient inhibition of DNA synthesis. The mechanism of the inhibition and of the recovery of DNA synthesis following UV-irradition was analysed in several mutants defective in repair or in the regulation of the RecA-LexA dependent SOS response. The results indicated that inhibition is not an inducible function and is probably due to the direct effect of lesions in the template blocking replisome movement. In contrast, recovery of DNA synthesis after UV required protein synthesis and was clearly shown to be an SOS function under RecA control. In addition, analyses involving a recA200 (temperature sensitive RecA) and recA constitutive mutants demonstrated that RecA protein was directly required for recovery in addition to its regulatory role. These experiments however also suggested that an inducible Irr (inducible replisome reactivation) factor under RecA control was also required for post UV-recovery. In vitro mutagenesis. In this part of my study attempts were also made to establish an vitro system for untargeted mutagenesis based upon a 'plasmid-repl-ication systenr. “ Ttiis~ Involved establlshtng-xjpttmum --conditions for extracting plasmid DNA (replicated vitro) and a highly efficient transformation system, in order to analyse directly mutagenic events.
Genetic Structure and Geographical Relationship of Selected Colocasia esculenta [L. Schott] Germplasm Using SSRs

Aims: SSR markers were used to infer population genetic structure variability in taro cultivars with the objective of characterizing the allelic diversity of each geographical population. Place and Duration of Study: Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology and Beca Hub, ILRI, Nairobi. Methodology: Six highly polymorphic SSR markers widely distributed in taro population genome were used in genotype 50 cultivars collected from Kenya and a taro genebank (SPC Tarogen). Results: The average polymorphic loci was 87.88%. The highest Shannon information index was observed in the germplasm from Nyanza (1.04), Western (1.2) and Hawaii (1.11) and Malaysia (1.36). Only Malaysia and Thailand germplasm had allele unique to a single locus. The analysis of Original Research article Palapala and Akwee; JABB, 10(3): xxx-xxx, 2016; Article no.JABB. 28479 2 molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that 70% of the variations found within individual taro accessions, 6% of variations among the taro populations and only 24% amongst individual taro genotypes and they were statistically significant (p<0.001). Principal component analysis clustered the taro germplam into different groups. In total 50.06% and 51.82% of the variation was explained by the first three principal components of the taro germplasm. Some of the Kenyan taro cultivars clustered together with the Tarogen germplasm. Conclusion: The determination of genetic diversity is core function towards understanding taro genetic resources for varietal identification to rationalize its collection and safeguarding the existing genetic diversity for taro germplasm conservation, management and for potential utilization for food security.
Proteolysis and Lactobacillus Fermentation Effects on the Isoflavones Biotransformation and Removal of Anti-Nutritional Factors of Soy Bean

To investigate the effects of proteolysis and Lactobacillus johnsonii (LAB) fermentation on the removal of anti-nutritional factors and isoflavones biotransformation, soy bean was hydrolyzed by Bacillus subtilis YJ1 proteases and cellulases and further fermented with Lactobacillus johnsonii. Increases in soluble proteins, peptides, free amino acids, daidzin and genistin (p＜0.01) were observed after 10 hr hydrolysis at 50°C. Although no further increases in soluble proteins and peptides (p＜0.01) were observed after 24 hr Lactobacillus johnsonii fermentation in both 5-L and 120-L fermentors, substantial transformation from daidzin and genistin to daidzein and genistein was obtained (p＜0.01). Most of the anti-nutritional factors such as stachyose, raffinose, glycinin and β-conglycinin were not detected, suggesting that the hydrolysis and further Lactobacillus johnsonii fermentation could effectively remove the anti-nutritional factors and transform most of isoflavones into aglycones.
First among equals: Male-male competition among the Bardi of northwestern Australia and its implications for human evolution

In this dissertation, I follow three avenues of inquiry regarding status competition among the Bardi – a group of part-time foragers living in northwestern Australia. The first focuses on how the current array of status-linked behaviors came to be so widely used. After a brief introduction, I present findings from a year-long ethnographic study of Bardi men. I review the recent, postcontact history of the region with special emphasis on venues of status competition. Relying upon comparative and historical evidence as well as theoretical inferences, I detail how two novel status-linked behaviors (i.e., wage labor and dealing with bureaucracy) emerged in the latter half of the twentieth century as well as the effects of religious and governmental interventions on more traditional activities such as big game hunting and gaining cultural knowledge. Describing how these options emerged provides key insights into the contemporary competitive environment in Bardi country, but a comprehensive picture of male competition there requires a sense of how men make use of these behaviors. The third chapter therefore engages the observation that men have many more options for seeking status when compared to other primate males, yet we know relatively little about how men cope with the sometimes-overwhelming array of opportunities. Focusing on whether men constrain their efforts to just a few behaviors or whether they make use of every available opportunity, I find that the most prominent men are known for their success in most, if not all, domains of status competition.
Isolation and identification of the marine diatom Entomoneis sp. MMOGRB 0374S (Bacillariophyta): a strain with high arachidonic acid composition

Abstract A unicellular marine diatom, Entomoneis sp. MMOGRB 0374S, was isolated as a candidate strain for high production of a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4ω6). Its morphological characters were typical for representatives of the genus Entomoneis, e.g. junction line, sigmoid keel and panduriform girdle view. This species was differentiated from other Entomoneis species by its smaller size and denser stria. Phylogenetically, it was distinct from other taxa with a long branch. This relationship was also emphasized by only 94% nucleotide similarity between Entomoneis sp. MMOGRB 0374S and other related species. The biomass concentration reached 182 mg l−1 at the stationary phase and 229 mg l−1 after 3 days of nitrogen-limited culture. Lipids were extracted using four methods, and the dichloromethane (DCM) /methanol method was the most effective, yielding 36% of dry biomass at the stationary phase and 40% after 3 days of nitrogen-free culture. Gas chromatography revealed 17 types of fatty acids. ARA was the major component of PUFA and represented between 16% and 19% of the total fatty acids using the four lipid extraction methods, among which DCM/methanol yielded the highest proportion of ARA. Considering the yields of both total lipids and ARA, the DCM/methanol method was the most effective for ARA extraction.