Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Determination of the Hubble Constant Using Measurements of X-Ray Emission and the Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect at Millimeter Wavelengths in the Cluster Abell 1835

We present a determination of the Hubble constant and central electron density in the cluster Abell 1835 (z = 0.2523) from measurements of X-ray emission and millimeter-wave observations of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (S-Z) effect with the Sunyaev-Zeldovich Infrared Experiment (SuZIE) multifrequency array receiver. Abell 1835 is a well studied cluster in the X-ray with a large central cooling flow. Using a combination of data from ROSAT PSPC and HRI images and millimeter wave measurements we fit a King model to the emission from the ionized gas around Abell 1835 with θ0 = 0. ′22 ± 0. ′02 and β = 0.58 ± 0.02. Assuming the cluster gas to be isothermal with a temperature of 9.8 keV, we find a y-parameter of 4.9 ± 0.6 × 10-4 and a peculiar velocity of 500 ± 1000 km s-1 from measurements at three frequencies, 145, 221, and 279 GHz. Combining the S-Z measurements with X-ray data, we determine a value for the Hubble constant of H0 = 59 km s-1 Mpc-1 and a central electron density for Abell 1835 of ne0 = 5.64 × 10-2 cm-3 assuming a standard cosmology with Ωm = 1 and ΩΛ = 0. The error in the determination of the Hubble constant is dominated by the uncertainty in the temperature of the X-ray emitting cluster gas.
Monitoring Effects of Drought on Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Temperate Oak Forests Using Machine Learning Techniques

Oak is a European tree species highly sensitive to drought. If declining symptoms appear they are often detectable at the crown (such as dieback) enabling monitoring using aerial images and remote sensing methods. Here, we analyzed the impact of short and long-term drought on oaks located in central Poland, between the years of 2014 and 2017. We used leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations measured in the laboratory, aerial images collected in the range of 460-880 nm and machine learning techniques to estimate nutrient concentrations on the > 4000 oaks growing on gleysoil in the study area. We determined a negative impact on N and P concentrations during both types of drought stress (-23% and 19% for N concentration in leaves; -27% and -10% for P concentration in leaves) and an inconsiderable impact on N:P values (3% increase of N:P ration during short and 7% decrease of N:P ration during long-term drought stress). We found that the long-term drought impact was spatially diverse, possibly depending on the presence of drainage ditches and competing species.
COMPLEX ELECTROMAGNETIC MONITORING OF GEODYNAMIC PROCESSES IN THE NORTHERN TIEN SHAN (BISHKEK GEODYNAMIC TEST AREA)

At the Bishkek geodynamic test area in the Northern Tien Shan, complex electromagnetic monitoring was conducted, including a wide frequency range by magnetotelluric sounding in various modifications and induction sounding with a controlled impulse source (method of sounding in the far zone, SFZ). The geoelectrical sections of the lithosphere were constructed for the study area. Based on the geophysical monitoring data and the profile MT moni‐ toring data on the Baitik depression, the main faults belonging to the Northern Tien Shan fault system were detected: Shamsi‐Tyundyuk (Predkirgizsky), Baitik, Chonkurchak, and Issyk‐Ata. From the geoelectrical data, we obtained new information that is independent of other geophysical methods used for studying the deep structure of the Earth – the hidden fault structures and the geoelectrical segmentation of the study area were revealed. The latter reflects the main elements of the block structure of the junction zone of the Chuya basin and the Kirghiz ridge. This information needs to be taken into account when constructing a comprehensive model showing the geological, geophysical and geodynamical features of the development of the Tien Shan, a vivid example of an intracontinental orogen. The MTS, FS and SFZ data from the Ak‐Suu and Chon‐Kurchak electromagnetic monitoring stations were interpreted. Based on the representative array of experimental electromagnetic data, we analyzed the effective depths of field penetration, which are most sensitive to changes in the electromagnetic parameters of the medium for the stationary and routine observation sites with respect to the clusters of seismic events. This paper discusses the development of the azimuth MT monitoring technique and the analysis of the time series of electromagnetic parameters, which were used for de‐ termining the contribution of each component of the impedance tensor to the informativeness of the monitoring stu‐ dies. The data from the 2004–2016 KNET Catalogue of the Research Station of RAS were analyzed in order to investi‐ gate the relationship between the space‐time seismicity distribution and the electrical conductivity variations that correspond to the features of the seismicity pattern at depth. Examples discussed are the time‐frequency series of MT monitoring in 2007 and 2016 at the Ak‐Suu and Chon‐Kurchak stations that identified anomalous electromagnetic parameters corresponding to the fluid redistribution model for the pore‐cracked medium: syn‐phase decreasing and increasing values of the parameter by the orthogonal azimuths. Thus, a phenomenological model has been tested. It relates the change in the stress‐strain state of the medium with the redistribution of fluids between the systems of fractures, which causes variations in the active and reactive components of the electrical resistance.
Semantics-Enhanced E-learning Courses

The provision of information and expertise was always a primary task of computersupported learning systems. In the days of the overwhelming data and information burst of the 21st century, new and innovative handling approaches are necessary. With every single day, the importance of the statement of John Naisbitt increases, who once said that the human mankind is drowning in information, but starving for knowledge. Because of this, new and improved mechanisms are necessary to adequately provide eLearning content. Semantic Web technologies, especially ontologies, are seen as the key approach with tremendous potential to future applications (Hendler, 2008). After a short introduction to these technologies, this chapter will propose new solutions for an ontology-based e-Learning content provision.
Change in Histamine Levels and Microbial Load in the Eviscerated and Uneviscerated Indian Mackerel Fish (Rastrelliger kanagurta) at Different Storage Temperatures

Histamine is a toxic compound produced by bacteria at higher temperature in seafoods. It not only causes heath risk to the consumer, but also causes economic loss to the seafood exporters if it exceeds the maximum permissible limit. In this study, effect of storage temperature (-20oC, 0oC, 10oC and 30oC) on histamine formation in eviscerated and uneviscerated Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) were tested with different time intervals (1-10 days) using enzymatic methods. Maximum level of histamine formed in eviscerated fishes was 2.0 mg/100g at – 20oC for 10 days, 3.56 mg/100g at 0oC for 4 days, 7.6 mg/100g at 10oC for 2 days, 10.75 mg/100g at 20oC for 2 days and 19.3mg/100g at 30oC for 1day of storage. Whereas, in uneviscerated fish the histamine level was 3.4 mg/100g at – 20oC for 10 days, 6.73mg/100g at 0oC for 4 days, 10.1mg/100g at 10oC for 2 days, 16.56mg/100g at 20oC for 2 days and 22.33 mg/100g at 30oC for 1 days of storage. Bacterial growth at – 20oC and after 7 days of storage exceeded the maximum acceptable level of 7 CFU/g set by the International Commission on Microbiological Specification for Foods. Klebsiella sp and Erwinia sp were identified as strong histamine producer from R. kanagurta fish muscle. This study revealed that the freshly caught fish had shown negligible level of histamine in its muscle. After the fish stored at different temperatures for l day it has reached a deplorable level. The present findings would be very helpful to control the histamine formation in R. kanagurta and other pelagic fish species during ice storage and in fish processing industry.
DETERMINISTIC COASTAL MORPHOLOGICAL AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MODELING: A REVIEW AND DISCUSSION

Modern coastal ocean modeling systems are now capable of numerically simulating a variety of coastal and estuarine problems and can thus provide useful information for managing coastal zones. Here we review state‐of‐the‐art Eulerian implementations of bottom‐up sediment transport and morphological change in coastal ocean hydrodynamic models. In order to investigate the fate of suspended sediment in coastal and estuarine waters as well as the evolution of sea or river beds, sediment dynamics need to be represented at a scale relevant to the numerical discretized solution, and significant effort is devoted to parameterize sediment processes. We discuss boundary layer hydrodynamics and the computation of the bed shear stress. We also focus on approaches used to represent near‐bed processes such as bed load transport and sediment erosion and deposition. Sediment diffusivities, settling velocities, and cohesive processes such as flocculation all have an impact on suspended sediment throughout the water column. We then describe the implementation of process parameterizations in coastal hydrodynamic models, explicitly reviewing five widely used systems. The approaches implemented in these coastal models may present distinct strengths and shortcomings with regard to some important issues for coastal zones, both numerical and physical. While these detailed limitations need to be considered as part of model assessment, more general issues also hinder present state‐of‐the‐art models. In particular, sediment transport is inherently highly empirical, which is further compounded by issues arising from turbulence closure schemes. We conclude by suggesting some possible directions toward improving sediment dynamics understanding and coastal‐scale predictive ability.
The Agora and the Role of Research Evaluation

The evaluation of research is an activity undergoing change. The traditional peer review system with its focus on scientific content and methodology has long been the backbone of research evaluation, but over the last three decades other criteria and considerations have also been integrated into the evaluation of science. This article investigates how recent societal developments - epitomized by the concept of the agora - influence research evaluations and how we perceive them. Are they still grounded in a scientific rationale, or are they more to be understood as a result of a social rationale?
Facial Affect Recognition for Cognitive-behavioural Therapy

In this paper we present facial affect recognition specifically designed and developed for clinical use in Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy. We describe our hybrid approach for facial affect recognition that combines geometric and appearance based features of the face. For geometric features we have developed a robust Active Shape Model based facial point tracking system for real-time use in clinical environments. Gabor wavelets are employed to extract the appearance-based features from appearance changes of the face skin. Further, we present an evaluation of our approach and we describe the systems integration with serious games that are being used for mental disorder therapy.
Efficient Spatial Keyword Search Methods for Reflecting Multiple Keyword Domains

In this paper, we propose multiple keyword domain-based spatial keyword search queries, called the Multiple Keyword Domain based range (MKDR) query and k-Nearest Neighbor (MKDkNN) query, and their query processing algorithms. The proposed queries retrieve objects that satisfy the searching conditions for the given environmental conditions of object as well as their spatial and textual relevance. The proposed queries consist of two sub-queries. The first sub-query, called the primary query, identifies a group of geo-textual objects that satisfy the requirements for spatial and textual relevance of the query. The second sub-query, called the refining range query, identifies the geo-textual objects that satisfy the requirement for environmental conditions of objects. Because the existing methods for spatial keyword queries cannot efficiently handle the proposed queries, we first categorize the data according to the domains of their keywords and simultaneously search multiple indexes constructed for objects in each domain. Since our methods prune the nodes that cannot satisfy environmental conditions in the earlier stage of searching, they reduce the number of refining range queries for MKDR and MKDkNN. Our experimental performance analyses show that our proposed query processing algorithms significantly reduce the query response times of MKDR and MKDkNN.
Atmospheric trajectories and light curves of shower meteors

Double station data on 496 meteors belonging to several meteor showers were obtained within the program of the video meteor observations during years 1998-2001. Analyzed meteors cover a range of photometric masses from 10 -7 to 10 -4 kg with a corresponding range of maximum brightness from +4.7 to -2.1 absolute magnitude. Atmospheric trajectories of Perseid, Orionid and Leonid meteors are analysed. These typical cometary high velocity meteors are compared to Geminid meteors with probable asteroidal origin and Taurid meteors - another cometary shower with significantly lower entry velocity. The light curses of the studied meteors vary widely, but generally are nearly symmetrical with the point of maximum brightness located close the to middle of the luminous trajectory. Small differences between showers are reported. We found that the height data are in good agreement with the dust-ball model predictions. The only difference is the beginning height behaviour. The beginning heights of cometary meteors increase with increasing photometric mass. These meteoroids probably contain a volatile part which starts to ablate before we are able to detect the meteors. The Geminid meteors are a different case. They start to ablate suddenly and their beginning height is almost constant in the whole range of studied meteoroid masses. In this case we observe real beginnings of meteor ablation.
Metabolic Profile and Myocardial Performance of Renal Transplant Recipients Participating in Unsupervised Physical Exercise as a Prescription Program

Introduction: Renal transplant recipients (RTRs) are at high cardiovascular risk (CV) compared to the general population, especially after surgical treatment. The literature supports the role of supervised exercise intervention; however no data are available regarding the effects of unsupervised exercise programs. We investigated whether a home exercise program could reduce CV risk in RTR based on possible changes in renal and cardiometabolic parameters and myocardial performance measured by echocardiography. Methods: From a large cohort of 60 RTRs, 30 RTRs (12 females and 18 males 48.3 ± 12.3 years) participated in individualized and unsupervised training programs for 6 months, at moderate intensity. Cardiometabolic risk factors, anthropometric parameters, lipid and glycemic blood sample profiles were studied as was myocardial performance from the 2D echo examination at T0, and T6 months. Results: The lipid profile remained in the range of a low level of risk, although there was no significant improvement, whereas myocardial performance, in particular the EF, was significantly improved. Conclusions: A home exercise program for at least 6 months produces positive effects on myocardial function and helps maintain a low cardiovascular risk profile. The trend supports the importance of highlighting the role of a correct reconditioning of lifestyle in RTR, from the exercise program without supervision to moderate intensity, where well tolerated.
A GUIDED REGISTRATION STRATEGY EMPLOYING VIRTUAL PLANES TO OVERCOME NON-STANDARD GEOMETRIES – USING THE EXAMPLE OF MOBILE MAPPING AND AERIAL OBLIQUE IMAGERY

Abstract. Mobile mapping (MM) is an intriguing as well as emerging platform and technology for geo-data acquisition. In typical areas of interest for MM campaigns, such as urban areas, unwanted GNSS multipath, non-line-of-sight effects, and IMU drifts may lead to deteriorated position fixes. In this work, we are proposing a novel technique to register MM and aerial oblique imagery. As aerial platforms are not affected by GNSS occlusions and are able to collect very-high resolution images, a co-registration of the data sets enables a) an independent verification of the platform’s accuracy and b) an adjustment of the MM data’s pose. Both data sets depict the scene from an entirely different perspective, which complicates the matching problem. Our approach is based on the assumption that common visible entities in both images are available, e.g. façade surfaces. By determining planes coinciding with these visible entities in object space, variances can be overcome. As the orientation of the data sets is known – MM data has an unknown accuracy – derived planes are employed to support a visibility hypothesis while storing image information for image registration in object space. This enables constraining search space to support the actual registration. Although the inhomogeneity of the data sets poses a challenge to a successful registration, we can show that our stepwise strategy of finding common visible entities, exploiting them to increase the resemblance of the data sets, and utilising accurate registration methods renders this matching scenario possible. In this paper, the algorithm is explained in detail, experimental results of significant steps will be shown, and possible extensions are discussed.
Flight Optimization Algorithms for Aerial LiDAR Capture for Urban Infrastructure Model Generation

Aerial light detection and ranging (LiDAR) offers the potential to autogenerate detailed, three-dimensional (3D) models of the built environment in urban settings. Autogeneration is needed as manual generation is not economically feasible for large areas, and such models are needed for a wide range of applications from improved noise and pollution prediction to disaster mitigation modeling and visualization. Current laser scanning hardware and the dense geometry of urban environments are two major constraints in LiDAR scanning. This paper outlines the difficulties related to effective surface data capture, with emphasis on vertical surfaces, in an urban environment for the purpose of 3D modeling. A flight planning strategy to overcome these difficulties is presented, along with a case study of a data set collected with this strategy. The main conclusions of this study are that an appropriate amount of strip overlap, together with a flight path diagonal to the underlying street grid produces a vastly enhanced level of detail on vertical surfaces, beyond what has been previously available.
Prey density and distribution drive the three‐dimensional foraging strategies of the largest filter feeder

Summary Despite their importance in determining the rate of both energy gain and expenditure, how the fine-scale kinematics of foraging are modified in response to changes in prey abundance and distribution remain poorly understood in many animal ecosystems. In the marine environment, bulk-filter feeders rely on dense aggregations of prey for energetically efficient foraging. Rorqual whales (Balaenopteridae) exhibit a unique form of filter feeding called lunge feeding, a process whereby discrete volumes of prey-laden water are intermittently engulfed and filtered. In many large rorqual species the size of engulfed water mass is commensurate with the whale's body size, yet is engulfed in just a few seconds. This filter-feeding mode thus requires precise coordination of the body and enlarged engulfment apparatus to maximize capture efficiency. Previous studies from whale-borne tags revealed that many rorqual species perform rolling behaviours when foraging. It has been hypothesized that such acrobatic manoeuvres may be required for efficient prey capture when prey manifest in small discrete patches, but to date there has been no comprehensive analysis of prey patch characteristics during lunge feeding events. We developed a null hypothesis that blue whale kinematics are independent of prey patch characteristics. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the foraging performance of blue whales, the largest filter-feeding predator and their functional response to variability in their sole prey source, krill using a generalized additive mixed model framework. We used a combination of animal-borne movement sensors and hydroacoustic prey mapping to simultaneously quantify the three-dimensional foraging kinematics of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) and the characteristics of targeted krill patches. Our analyses rejected our null hypothesis, showing that blue whales performed more acrobatic manoeuvres, including 180° and 360° rolling lunges, when foraging on low-density krill patches. In contrast, whales targeting high-density krill patches involved less manoeuvring during lunges and higher lunge feeding rates. These data demonstrate that blue whales exhibit a range of adaptive foraging strategies that maximize prey capture in different ecological contexts. Because first principles indicate that manoeuvres require more energy compared with straight trajectories, our data reveal a previously unrecognized level of complexity in predator–prey interactions that are not accounted for in optimal foraging and energetic efficiency models.
Development and evaluation of gamut extension algorithms

In recent years, new display technologies have emerged that are capable of producing colors that exceed the color gamut of broadcast standards. On the other hand, most video content currently remains compliant with the EBU standard and as such, there is a need for color mapping algorithms that make optimal use of the wider gamut of these new displays. To identify appropriate color mapping strategies, we have developed, implemented, and evaluated several approaches to gamut extension. The color rendering performance and robustness to different image content of these algorithms were evaluated against a reference (true-color) mapping. To this end, two psychophysical experiments were conducted using a simulated and actual wide-gamut display. Results show that the preferred algorithm had a dependency on image content, especially for images with skin tones. In both experiments, however, there was preference shown for the algorithm that balances chroma and lightness modulations as a function of the input lightness. The newly designed extension algorithms consistently outperformed true-color mapping, thus confirming the benefit of appropriate mapping on wide-gamut displays. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 443–451, 2009
Group support for political violence: The role of emotions and expressive choice in creating conflict or providing peace

This paper provides a rationale for group support for political violence which does not provide a material benefit. Rabin’s (1993) theory of fairness is adopted to demonstrate that although group violence may not be a Nash equilibrium it may be a fairness equilibrium in a game containing psychological payoffs. For this to happen the material stakes must be perceived as low and psychological payoffs are expressive. Although the material stakes are actually high, members of each group may choose expressively to support the use of violence because the probability of being decisive is low. The paper also considers the possibility of peace emerging as a fairness equilibrium. This can only happen if each group perceives the other as making some sacrifice in choosing peace.