Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis on the Evolution and Microphysical Characteristics of Two Consecutive Hailstorms in Spring in Yunnan, China

By using products of the cloud model, National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Final Operational Global Analysis (FNL) reanalysis data, and Doppler weather radar data, the mesoscale characteristics, microphysical structure, and mechanism of two hail cloud systems which occurred successively within 24 h in southeastern Yunnan have been analyzed. The results show that under the influence of two southwest jets in front of the south branch trough (SBT) and the periphery of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), the northeast-southwest banded echoes affect the southeastern Yunnan of China twice. Meanwhile, the local mesoscale radial wind convergence and uneven wind speed lead to the intense development of convective echoes and the occurrence of hail. The simulated convective cloud bands are similar to the observation. The high-level mesoscale convergence line leads to the development of convective cloud bands. The low-level wind direction or wind speed convergence and the high-level wind speed divergence form a deep tilted updraft, with the maximum velocity of 15 m·s−1 at the −40~−10 °C layer, resulting in the intense development of local convective clouds. The hail embryos form through the conversion or collision growth of cloud water and snowflakes and have little to do with rain and ice crystals. Abundant cloud water, especially the accumulation region of high supercooled water (cloud water) near the 0 °C layer, is the key to the formation of hail embryos, in which qc is up to 1.92 g·kg−1 at the −4~−2 °C layer. The hail embryos mainly grow by collision-coalescence (collision-freezing) with cloud water (supercooled cloud drops) and snow crystal riming.
WS-WiFi: Wired Synchronization for CSI Extraction on COTS-WiFi-Transceivers

WiFi channel state information (CSI) is a key enabler of precise radio sensing applications for commercially available off-the-shelf hardware. By utilizing colocated WiFi devices, this article aims to perform Angle-of-Arrival (AoA) estimation as one instance of radio sensing. However, unsynchronized local oscillators (LOs) in a WiFi network can cause carrier frequency offsets and sampling frequency offsets, which can lead to imperfect CSI. To this end, we propose a wired LO clocking scheme to eliminate residual impairments on regular WiFi transceivers. By utilizing a common oscillator, we transform a standard WiFi setup to a frequency-aligned transceiver architecture across several colocated devices. Building upon the proposed scheme, we present a detailed investigation of hardware-related impairments and environmental conditions. In particular, we are the first to investigate the temperature-dependent behavior of the CSI phase across multiple devices. We validate the performance in a lab setup as well as in a real-world application assembly, namely, a nine-antenna uniform circular array for AoA estimation. Furthermore, we show that with only a single received packet and minor hardware adjustments, we are able to obtain the AoA of a WiFi transmitter with a mean absolute error of 1.5° in line-of-sight conditions and 19.9° in strong multipath living room conditions.
Second-Hand-Clothing Imports in Least-Developed-Countries: The Collapse of Local Clothing Manufacturing and Remedial Measures

Considering the overwhelming global trend of second-hand clothing trade, domestic clothing manufacturing industries in many least developed countries (LDCs) have collapsed. Governments of many LDCs, therefore, have imposed tariff policies on the imports of second-hand clothing. Motivated by the real-world practices, we develop a two-stage Stackelberg supply chain gaming model to study the competition between the locally manufactured new clothing product and the imported second-hand clothing product. We first explore whether import tariff protection can help boost domestic clothing manufacturing industries in LDCs in the light of risk considerations and what the optimal import tariff structure is. We find that in the uncertain LDC market, imposing a high import tariff or a high value-added tax (VAT) on the imported second-hand product may not help local manufacturing. Instead, implementing a carrot-and-sticks (CaS) scheme, which includes an import tariff, a VAT, and an extra incentive, can help. The LDC governments are suggested to adjust the CaS scheme's structure based on factors like risk attitudes of supply chain members, the unit product supply costs, social health risk, and consumer acceptance level of the second-hand product. Finally, we extend our analyses to study the social welfare and the extended importer responsibility (EIR) legislation. We find that if the sterilization cost of the second-hand product is sufficiently low, imposing the EIR legislation in the uncertain LDC market is not beneficial to the domestic clothing manufacturing industry. Specific conditions under which imposing a higher import tariff is beneficial or harmful to the LDC society are identified.
Intraspecific variations in life history traits of two pecky rice bug species from Japan: Mapping emergence dates and number of annual generations

Abstract The mirid bugs Stenotus rubrovittatus and Trigonotylus caelestialium, which cause pecky rice, have become a threat to rice cultivation in Asia. Damage caused by these pests has rapidly become frequent since around 2000 in Japan. Their expansion pattern is not simple, and predicting their future spread remains challenging. Some insects with wide ranges have locally adapted variations in life‐history traits. We performed laboratory rearing experiments to assess the geographical scale of intraspecific variations in life‐history traits of S. rubrovittatus and T. caelestialium. The experiments were aimed at increasing the accuracy of occurrence estimates and the number of generations per year. These results were compared with previous research, and differences in development rates were observed between populations of different latitudes, but not of the same latitude. Finally, plotting the timing of adult emergence and the potential number of generations per year on maps with a 5‐km grid revealed that they differed greatly locally at the same latitude. These maps can be used for developing more efficient methods of managing mirid bugs in integrated pest management.
Effect of environmental stresses on the survival and cytotoxicity of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of environmental stresses on the cytotoxicity of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). STEC O157:H7 and six non-O157 STEC strains (O26:H11, O103:H1, O104:H4, O111:NM, O121:NM, and O145:NM) were subjected to osmotic (a w 0.95–0.98), acid (pH 4–7), and chlorine (1–5 ppm) stresses. After stress treatments, bacterial populations, expression of virulence-associated genes, and Vero-cytotoxicity were determined. Among the strains, O145:NM survived at a w 0.97 longer than other serotypes, while O111:NM was significantly more sensitive to osmotic stress. At pH 4, O103:H1 was more resistant to the stress, while O26:H11 and O111:NM had significantly less growth. For 2 ppm chlorine stress, O26:H11, O103:H1, and O145:NM had higher populations (>3 log) than other strains. Stressed strains showed a significant increase in relative gene expression levels of stx1 , stx2 , and eae in O103:H1, O104:H4, and O145:NM than non-stressed control. Additionally, significantly higher Vero-cytotoxicity, as indicated by lactate dehydrogenase assay, of stressed O26:H11, O103:H1, O104:H4, and O145:NM was observed. The results suggest that the growth and cytotoxicity of selected pathogenic E. coli may be enhanced after being exposed to environmental stresses.
Fixed and Steerable Beam Dual-Polarized Lens Antenna With High Tx to Rx Isolation

A co-polarized, co-channel simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) antenna system utilizing a two-layer spherically stratified lens with nominal directivity of 24.3 dBic is demonstrated in the 27–29 GHz frequency band. The STAR operation is achieved with a WR28 waveguide-implemented balanced circulator beam forming network (BC-BFN), which relies on two 90° hybrids and two circulators along with antenna symmetry to cancel the circulator leakages and achieves theoretically infinite isolation between the transmit and the receive ports. The sensitivity of the BC-BFN to alignment imperfections is studied and it is found to be robust to this kind of error. To comply with the BC-BFN’s symmetry requirements, a highly symmetric WR28 waveguide orthomode transducer (OMT) is developed. Transmitted (Tx)/receiver (Rx) isolation of 30 and 34 dB is measured with and without the lens, respectively; indicating acceptable impact of the lens on the system isolation. To demonstrate the STAR with the beam steering, the proposed configuration is modified into a mechanically rotated half spherical lens over a ground plane. The experiments show that the isolation of the rotating half-lens system degrades when compared to the full-lens counterpart due to the break of the geometrical symmetry. However, respectable isolation greater than 27 dB and high-quality circularly polarized radiation patterns are still maintained over the operational bandwidth.
Many-body interactions in a dissipative frozen strontium Rydberg gas

This thesis describes an investigation of Rydberg excitation within a high-density sample of cold strontium atoms. This sample is prepared using a two-stage magneto-optical trap, cooling first on a broad singlet transition and then a narrow triplet transition. Rydberg atoms are then created using a two-photon, three-level ladder type scheme and detected using a novel autoionisation technique. It is shown that, in the regime of high optical thickness on the probing transition, a significant Rydberg population can be created by photons that are multiply scattered before leaving the cloud. The multiply scattered field is density-dependent and has strikingly different spectral properties from the incident laser light. This spectrum is convolved with the spectrum of the Rydberg atoms created via direct laser excitation and the two spectra can be isolated in post analysis. This technique provides a probe of the spectral distribution of the re-scattered light within the cloud, which may be qualitatively different from that of the transmitted light, and previously has not been measured directly. Additionally, this Rydberg population arising from the multiply scattered field can be seen in the spatial distribution of the Rydberg excitations within the atom sample. Finally, a careful analysis of the time dynamics of the Rydberg system reveals that multiple scattering co-exists with signatures of the Rydberg blockade in this strongly dissipative regime.
The influence of fusion display mode on the user's sense of personal security in virtual immersion system

During the immersive virtual reality experience, because the visual senses are completely enclosed in the virtual environment, they are unable to perceive environmental changes in the real world and produce unsafe feelings, which affects their experience in virtual reality systems. In order to improve people's sense of security in the immersive virtual reality experience, the paper has designed four ways to interact with the real world in a virtual environment, so that users can get real‐world information in the virtual environment. This paper tests users' changes in their sense of security during immersive virtual reality experiences under the influence of various interaction methods and conduct psychological analysis. Twenty‐one volunteers are recruited to participate in the experiment, and their personal safety and psychological effects are tested. The experimental results show that the method of using Yolcat neural network to segment the captured images according to categories and then fuse the segmented images into the virtual environment can improve the user's sense of security without destroying the immersion.
Use of a Metallic Complex Derived from Curcuma Longa as Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Sulfuric Acid

A tin-containing metallic complex derived from Curcuma longa, bis[1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dionato-κO,κO ′ ]bis(butyl), has been obtained and used as a green corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 0.5 M sulfuric acid by using weight loss, electrochemical techniques, and the Density Functional Theory. It was found that the obtained metallic complex greatly decreases the steel corrosion rate by adsorption according to a Frumkin model in a weak, physical type of adsorption. Inhibitor efficiency increased with its concentration, and it acted as a mixed type of inhibitor. Results were supported by quantum-chemical research in order to examine the relationship between structural and electronic properties and the inhibitor efficiency.
Ground target finding mechanism for unmanned aerial vehicles to secure crop field data

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are being used in many military and civil applications while their use along wireless sensors is emerging abruptly as it upgrades the network in terms of reliability, lifetime, and connectivity. The system performance and throughput can be further enhanced if the UAVs in use are capable to locate ground sensor nodes as a means to address them smartly. In typically localization, the direction of arrival of incoming signals from a target node is measured by using a uniformed linear array (ULA) of antennas having signal processing capabilities. However, adding numerous antennas (transmitter receivers set) on a UAV is an extra burden which ultimately effects its speed, flight time, agility, and payload capacity. Considering the issue, a typical ULA antenna system is modeled by using virtual phased array (VPA) antenna. In the proposed VPA, a single antenna installed on a moving UAV will achieve the desire results. The well‐known multiple signal classification algorithm is modified to adapt this virtual antenna system. Four extra modules including calibrator, virtual antenna, rectifier, and adjustment are added in classical multiple signal classification algorithm to make it enable to work with single antenna. The proposed system mitigates the existing challenges of physical ULA and improves system throughput. Furthermore, due to its virtualness, VPA can adjust the number of antenna elements and interelement spacing, which adds multifrequency support and adaptive precision mechanism. A simulation model is developed in MATLAB to verify the performance of the VPA where the proposed system is evaluated against different scenarios with a varying number of parameters. It is found that VPA gives the same resolution and precision as a physical ULA antenna but it is more flexible, user‐friendly, cost‐effective, reliable, and most importantly, does not affect the UAV characteristics.
Selected Values for the Densities and Molar Volumes of the Liquid Platinum Group Metals and of the Initial Melting Curves of Iridium, Rhodium and Ruthenium

Paradis et al. (1) summarised determinations of the densities of the liquid platinum group metals but a number of important determinations were not included. These are given in Table I in which values are presented as a – b (T – Tm) where a is the liquid density at the melting point Tm and b represents the density thermal expansion. Unfortunately, in the case of the measurements of Pottlacher (2) volume ratios were considered to vary linearly with temperature so that derived density values could only be fitted to quadratic equations (Equations (i)–(iv)), whereas a very large number of determinations of the densities of medium and high melting point metals and alloys clearly indicate that liquid density values vary linearly with temperature and this would therefore limit the usefulness of the values of Pottlacher (2). Paradis et al. (1) did not suggest definitive values for the densities of the metals but would undoubtedly have given preference to their own electrostatic levitation determinations which are considered to be accurate to about 2%. The problem with the selection was that the differences between various determinations were significant to a certain extent making an objective evaluation diffi cult. One alternative approach is to indirectly obtain the liquid density at the melting point from the value for the solid density by use of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation (Equation (v)):
Surface modification of PE/PET by two-step method with graphene and silver nanoparticles for enhanced electrical conductivity

Polyethylene/polyethylene terephthalate (PE/PET) nonwoven fabrics were first modified with a continuous graphene layer by using a dipping process, and then deposited with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using magnetron sputtering, and that is a novel method called two-step method. Graphene/PE/PET (GPP) and AgNPs sputtered GPP (AGPP) were prepared to investigate the modification processes on the electrical conductivity of the nonwoven fabrics. The influence of the surface modification by silane coupling agent (KH-560) on the durability of conductive PE/PET composited fabrics is also studied. Surface morphology, chemical structure, thermal stability, electrical conductive and ultraviolet protection properties of the composite fabrics were investigated. The results indicated KH-560 treatment can obviously improve the interfacial adhesion between the graphene and PE/PET then contributes to the enhanced conductive durability of the composite fabrics. The combination of graphene and AgNPs provided more opportunities for the charge transfer paths of AGPP, leading to an improved conductive network and an increased electrical conductivity. In addition, graphene and AgNPs gave GPP and AGPP excellent thermal stability. The research exhibited the advantages of the two-step method, and also indicated AGPP has a promising application for the preparation of wearable electronics.
Construction of Enterprise 5G Business Ecosystem: Case Study of Huawei

Existing research does not explain the construction of the 5G business ecosystem at the enterprise level. Using the method of case study, through the analysis of the development and structure of Huawei 5G business ecosystem, we explore the construction model of enterprise 5G business ecosystem. On this basis, three experiences such as clear risk permutation and combination, accurate positioning of the enterprise and replace the business ecosystem, are proposed to give some inspirations for enterprises to build 5G business ecosystem. The main contribution is of reference value for the benign operation of 5G enterprises, and of practical significance for the development of 5G industry and enterprise innovation.
Private Cell-ID Trajectory Prediction Using Multi-Graph Embedding and Encoder-Decoder Network

Trajectory prediction for mobile phone users is a cornerstone component to support many higher-level applications in LBSs (Location-Based Services). Most existing methods are designed based on the assumption that the explicit location information of the trajectories is available (e.g., GPS trajectories). However, collecting such kind of trajectories lays a heavy burden on the mobile phones and incurs privacy concerns. In this paper, we study the problem of trajectory prediction based on cell-id trajectories without explicit location information and propose a deep learning framework (called DeepCTP) to solve this problem. Specifically, we use a multi-graph embedding method to learn the latent spatial correlations between cell towers by exploiting handoff patterns. Then, we design a novel spatial-aware loss function for the encoder-decoder network to generate cell-id trajectory predictions. We conducted extensive experiments on real datasets. The experiment results show that DeepCTP outperforms the state-of-the-art cell-id trajectory prediction methods in terms of prediction error.
A COMPACT DUAL BAND DUAL POLARIZED MONOPOLE ANTENNA WITH ENHANCED BANDWIDTH FOR C, X, AND KU BAND APPLICATIONS

This article presents a compact, single feed dual-band dual-polarized (DBDP) microstrip antenna. The proposed design involves an inverted Y-shaped radiating patch and a rectangular open-loop positioned near its right corner that creates mutual coupling to attain wideband circular polarization (CP). To achieve enhanced axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW), a semi-rectangular ground plane with two asymmetric truncated L-shaped slots has been used. An L-shaped slotted quarter wave microstrip line feed is used here for broader ARBW and proper impedance matching. The measured dual impedance bandwidths (IBW) in the range 5.85–6.52 GHz (centre resonance frequency frc1 = 6.19 GHz, 10.66%) in lower frequency region and 7.25–13.64 GHz (frc2 = 10.445 GHz, 61.18% bandwidth) in higher frequency region. The two ARBW bands span over 7.22–10.99 GHz (fc1 = 9.105 GHz, 41.41%) and 11.67 GHz–12.25 GHz (fc2 = 11.96 GHz, 4.85%). The measured peak gains between 3.20 and 4.96 dBi over the entire IBW range makes the LP and CP bands suitable for ITS (5.9 GHz), U-NII-5 of 6 GHz band, some C-band, ITU-8GHz, some X-band, and Ku-band applications.
Genre-based visualization through an online teaching platform: A strategy to engage with academic texts during the Covid-19 outbreak

During the Covid-19 outbreak in 2020, students of all education levels are pushed to study at home via online classes. Schools, universities and other educational institutes have to make sure that their students can keep receiving knowledge and information based on the indicators set by the curriculum. The same thing also occurs at the English Education Department of Syiah Kuala University in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. This article presents the results of a two-cycle action research project conducted in Banda Aceh, Indonesia, through an online learning platform using Zoom meeting. In this study, eight undergraduate students participated in the online intervention class to apply genre-based visualization metacognitive strategy. A total of six academic texts of the explanation genre were taken from TOEFL tests and used in both cycles. In the online intervention class, students generated visual imagery of the academic texts, built up their knowledge of the text genres in the online discussions, and individually drew visual representations of the explanatory texts. The images drawn by the students were taken for the qualitative analysis, and the tests given to the students were analyzed quantitatively. Both data are used to find out their improvement in reading comprehension. The findings of this study revealed a remarkable contribution of genre-based visualization for improving students' comprehension of academic texts of the explanation genre at TOEFL level, particularly through online learning during the pandemic.
A Singly-Fed Dual-Band Microstrip Antenna for Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Applications in 5G Wireless Communication

The coexistence of microwave (MW) and millimeter wave (MMW) technologies is considered as the development tendency of the future 5G wireless communication system. In this paper, a single-port, single-layer, dual-band antenna with large frequency ratio is proposed to support the MW and MMW applications. This antenna mainly consists of a stub-loaded microstrip line in the center, two slot-loaded rectangular patches on the lateral sides, and two thin microstrip lines in-between which connect the former two. The stub-loaded microstrip line works as a series-fed MMW linear array at 26 GHz, and simultaneously it serves as the feed line for the MW patches operating at 4.85 GHz. The connection lines are elaborately designed to isolate the MW patches from the MMW signal, guaranteeing the radiation performance of the antenna at the two bands without requiring complicated filter. For verification, a prototype is fabricated and measured. The measured results show that the antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 3.1% and a peak gain of 8.93 dBi at the 4.85-GHz MW band, while an impedance bandwidth of 19% and a peak gain of 13.57 dBi at the 26-GHz MMW band.