Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Se , Cr and Zn-enriched Yeast Culture in Improving in vitro Fermentation Characteristics of Cereal Straws

The object of this study was to evaluate the effect of different sources and supplementation levels of yeast culture on in vitro fermentation characteristics of goats. The present study was performed in a 3×4 factorial design to examine the impacts of inclusion of three kinds of yeast culture (Se-enriched, Cr-enriched, Zn-enriched yeast culture) at four dose (0, 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.40% and 0.55%) on the in vitro fermentation characteristics of cereal straw. For maize stover, the results shown that the average values of in vitro gas production, DM and NDF disappearance, pH and the ratio of acetate to propionate were increased (P<0.05), while the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and butyrate were decreased (P<0.05) by the supplementation of Se-enriched yeast culture (YC-Se) compared with that of Cr-enriched yeast culture (YC-Cr) and Zn-enriched yeast culture (YC-Zn). For rice straw, the in vitro gas production, DM disappearance and pH were increased (P<0.05), and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen was decreased by the supplementation of YC-Se, while the concentration of acetate, propionate, butyrate and total VFA (TVFA) were increased (P<0.05) by the supplementation of YC-Zn. The current results indicate that YC-Se is more preferred as yeast culture supplements, and its optimal dose should be 0.25% substrates for maize stover and 0.10% substrates for rice straw in vitro. The present positive in vitro results should be tested using in vivo experiments in future.
Fish consumption across generations - a life cycle approach

in English: Fish consumption differs with age, over time, across generations, and across socioeconomic groups. Age effects reflect biological and social processes across the life cycle of an individual, period effects reflect variation over years that influence all age groups simultaneously, and generational effects re- flect changes across a group of people who experienced an initial event in the same year. We use Norwegian Monitor Survey data to estimate logistic regression models. The estimated models are used to simulate how the probabilities of eating fish for dinner at least once a week changes as the generations' age. The probabilities are simulated for four groups: females with and without college education and males with and without college education. The probabilities increase with age for all the groups. Except for males without college education, the older cohorts have lower probabilities of eating fish than the younger cohorts. Abstract in Norwegian: Forbruket av fisk varierer med alder, over tid, mellom generasjoner og mellom sosiookonomiske grupper. Alderseffekter reflekterer biologiske og sosiale prosesser over livslopet til et individ. Pe- riodeeffekter reflekterer variasjoner over ar som pavirker alle aldersgruppene samtidig. Genera- sjonseffekter reflekterer endringer som pavirker en gruppe, som er fodt i samme tidsrom, og derfor gjennomlevde viktige hendelser nar de var pa samme alder. Vi bruker data fra Norsk Monitor til a es- timere logistiske regresjonsmodeller. De estimerte modellene er deretter brukt til a simulere end- ringene i sannsynligheten for a spise fisk til middag minst en gang i uken etter hvert som generasjo- nene eldes. Sannsynlighetene er simulert for fire grupper: Kvinner med og uten hoyere utdanning og menn med og uten hoyere utdanning. Sannsynlighetene for a spise fisk minst en gang i uken oker med alderen for alle gruppene. Eldre kohorter har ogsa lavere sannsynligheter for a spise fisk minst en gang i uken enn yngre kohorter med unntak for menn uten utdanning.
EVALUATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AND RELATIONSHIPS IN MULBERRY VARIETIES USING RAPD AND ISSR MOLECULAR

Studies on genetic diversity and relationships between twenty different varieties of mulberry were assayed with selected RAPD and ISSR genetic markers. In the present investigation, the selected mulberry varieties were amplified with 16 RAPD and 8 ISSR primers. The results showed 70 reproducible bands out of which, 61 were polymorphic accounting 81.3% polymorphism with RAPD primers. In contrast, 43 polymorphic bands were generated by ISSR primers out of which 42 were polymorphic bands with 97.6% polymorphism. The primers used in the present study generated unique banding pattern in all the test varieties and most of the varieties exhibited unique molecular genotype. Population genetic structure analysis of these varieties also revealed high genetic differentiation coefficient (GST), heterozygosity among populations (Ht) and low gene flow (Nm). The dendrogram was generated using Ward’s Euclidean distance and UPGMA methods. Based on the number of RAPD and ISSR bands, the mulberry varieties were grouped into 5 clusters. Among these, 5th cluster was paired with other varieties. Based on the results obtained on cluster analyses, it is formulated that, 3 varieties of mulberry were considered as one group, whereas other 4 clusters may be included under separate group. KeywordsMulberry, RAPD, ISSR, Genotypes, Genetic Diversity.
Version The Trouble With Human Capital Theory

Human capital theory is the dominant approach for understanding personal income distribution. According to this theory, individual income is the result of “human capital”. The idea is that human capital makes people more productive, which leads to higher income. But is this really the case? This paper takes a critical look at human capital theory and its explanation of personal income distribution. I find that human capital theory’s claims are dubious at best. In most cases, the theory is either not supported by evidence, is so vague that it is untestable, or is based on circular reasoning. In short, human capital theory is a barrier to the scientific study of income distribution. 1
Development of an Ultra-Sensitive Spectrometer

A high dynamic range imaging (HDRI) spectroscopic instrument was designed and developed in this thesis. Achieving higher measurement accuracy in imaging spectroscopic measurements require both a suppression of the background light (stray light) as well as HDR imaging. A Digital Micromirror Device (DMD), which spatially modulates the light, was employed in the designed spectrometer to produce HDRI and the Periodic Shadowing technique was used for stray light elimination. A Czerny-Turner spectrometer was designed and developed, having a grid pattern at the entrance slit to enable Periodic Shadowing. The DMD was introduced at the output of the spectrometer, which allowed a desired percentage of the spectral lines to be reflected onto the detector. This made it possible to resolve weak spectral lines in the presence of intense ones at one exposure time, without saturating the camera. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the capabilities of the device and the HDRI achieved. This instrument holds promise for improved Raman scattering spectroscopy, which currently is restricted by both stray light and a limited dynamic range. (Less)
The Physical and Chemical Properties of the ρ Ophiuchi A Dense Core

The physical and chemical properties of the ρ Ophiuchi A core were studied using 1.3 mm continuum and molecular lines such as C18O, C17O, CH3OH, and H2CO observed with the Submillimeter Array. The continuum and C18O data were combined with the single-dish data obtained with the IRAM 30 m telescope and the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, respectively. The combined 1.3 mm continuum map reveals three major sources, SM1, SM1N, and VLA 1623, embedded in the extended emission running along the north–south direction, and two additional compact condensations in the continuum ridge connecting SM1 and VLA 1623. The spatial distribution of the C18O emission is significantly different from that of the continuum emission; the C18O emission is enhanced at the eastern and western edges of the continuum ridge, with its peak brightness temperature of 40–50 K. This supports the picture that the ρ-Oph A core is heated externally from the nearby stars Oph S1 and HD 147889. In contrast, the C18O intensity is lower than 15–20 K at the center of the ridge, where the continuum emission is bright. The C18O abundance decreases inside the ridge and shows anticorrelation with the N2H+ abundance. However, both C18O and N2H+ show strong depletion at the Class 0 protostar VLA 1623, implying that the dense gas surrounding VLA 1623 is colder than the freeze-out temperature of N2. The blue- and redshifted components of CH3OH and H2CO lines are seen at SM1, suggesting outflow activity of an embedded source in SM1, although the spatial distributions do not show clear bipolarity.
C C ] 1 0 Fe b 20 17 On the Polytope Escape Problem for Continuous Linear Dynamical Systems

The Polytope Escape Problem for continuous linear dynamical systems consists of deciding, given an affine function f : R → R and a convex polytope P ⊆ R, both with rational descriptions, whether there exists an initial point x0 in P such that the trajectory of the unique solution to the differential equation { ẋ(t) = f(x(t)) x(0) = x0 is entirely contained in P . We show that this problem is reducible in polynomial time to the decision version of linear programming with real algebraic coefficients. The latter is a special case of the decision problem for the existential theory of real closed fields, which is known to lie between NP and PSPACE. Our algorithm makes use of spectral techniques and relies, among others, on tools from Diophantine approximation. CCS Concepts •Theory of computation → Timed and hybrid models;
Analysis of embryo production in a caridean shrimp guild from a tropical seagrass meadow

Embryo production was compared among nine caridean shrimp species inhabiting seagrass meadows in a tropical location, the north coast of Puerto Rico. Reproduction occurred throughout the year in all species. During a short life span (less than one year), females reproduced continuously after reaching maturity, producing successive broods of embryos at short intervals. Analysis of allometry in brood size (number of embryos/brood) as a function of female size (carapace length) was done by calculating slopes of brood size/female size regressions with log transformed variables. Increase in brood size with female size was isometric in seven species and showed positi veallometry in two others. However, the relationship of species mean log brood size on species mean log female size was negatively allometric, indicating that females of smaller species produced relatively larger broods for their size than did females of larger species. Analysis of covariance corroborated this conclusion. Log brood size means adjusted for differences in female size were significantly different among species, and adjusted species brood means were negatively correlated with species female size. The mechanism for enhanced reproductive output (in terms of brood size) in smaller species is unclear. In some crustacean groups, reduced embryo size has been selected for as a means of increasing brood size. Additionally, since embryo size and incubation period (duration of embryonic development) showed a significant positive correlation in this group of caridean species, smaller embryo size would also result in shorter incubation periods and thus larger numbers of broods per reproductive period. However, there was no relationship between species embryo size and species female size in this group, indicating that d inferential selection among species on embryo size as a means of increasing reproductive output has not occurred.
What You See Is Not Always What You Get

The aim of this study was to explore what factors impact expected usability, and whether and how experienced usability affects participants’ evaluation of other product properties, such as sales price and appearance. To do this we compared pre-use and post-use evaluations of electronic consumer products. Participants based their expectations about the usability of a product on its functional form (i.e., number/shape of buttons, screen size), styling, brand, and price. For one of the products, which was experienced as much harder to use than expected, we found that the participants’ evaluation of price and the importance of price and styling was affected. It was also found that a product’s appearance can be a poor predictor of whether it will be experienced as usable.
State Strategies for Building Capacity in Education: Progress and Continuing Challenges. CPRE Research Report Series RR-41.

Recognizing that clear standards and strong incentives alone are not sufficient to transform teaching, policymakers now discuss "capacity-building" strategies. An examination of capacity-building strategies in eight states is provided in this report. Capacity refers to the wherewithal needed to translate high standards and incentives into effective instruction and strong student performance. The eight states--California, Colorado, Florida, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, and Texas--represent various approaches to systemic improvement. Key questions in the text include: What are common patterns in the ways states currently build capacity for education reform? and What are promising directions that emerge from these policy strategies? For the study, a research team visited each state during the 1996-97 academic year and used structured interview questions to talk with approximately 19 policymakers in each state. The interviews were supplemented with background documents. Findings show that all eight states addressed four common areas of capacity, albeit with different degrees of emphasis: building external infrastructure to provide professional development and technical assistance, setting professional development and training standards, providing curriculum materials, and organizing and allocating resources. The strategies reflect the approaches underlying current standards-based reform and indicate that policy ideas do matter. Four appendices provide details on the status of standards, assessment, and other information. (Includes 57 references.) (RJM) State Strategies for Building Capacity in Education: Progress and Continuing Challenges
The Impact of Lameness on Dairy Cattle Welfare: Growing Need for Objective Methods of Detecting Lame Cows and Assessment of Associated Pain

Dairy cows are the major animals reared for milk production worldwide. Lameness is a manifestation of painful condition due to injury or disease in the foot, regarded as a major welfare problem in dairy cows. An effective lameness management requires prompt identification of lame cows. The objectives of this systematic review were to discuss the various techniques of detecting lameness, assessment of the associated pain, and the impact of lameness on dairy cow welfare. Results from the literature search yielded 534 papers, with 102 papers meeting the inclusion criteria. The eligible studies were discussed in two sections which were; (1) lameness detection systems and their application in pain assessment using four methods: gait and behavioral variables, physiological parameters, pressure nociceptive threshold and blood biomarkers; (2) impact of lameness on animal-based welfare measures. Despite the limitations in the use of automated locomotion scoring systems, results showed the technique remains a promising tool for the prompt detection of lame cows compared with manual systems (MLSS). More investigation of such systems could aid the validation of pain in cows with various degree of lameness. Further studies are required for early lameness detection and minimizing the welfare implications in dairy herds.
Diet of the bat-eared fox ( Otocyon megalotis ) , based on scat analysis , on the Western Escarpment , South Africa

Scats of the bat-eared fox Otocyon megalotis were collected on the farm ‘Sewefontein’, Western Cape Province, South Africa between May 1994 and January 1995, in order to study its diet in this area. The only other study covering the diet of this species within the Western Cape Province (MacDonald and Nel 1986) was undertaken more than 200km to the west of this study area in the West Coast National Park. Other studies have been undertaken in the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park now Kgaligadi Transfrontier Park(Bothma 1966; Nel 1978), from central and northern South Africa (Berry 1981; Nel and Mackie 1990; Kuntzsch and Nel 1992; Kok 1996), elsewhere (Smithers 1971; Lamprecht 1979; Waser 1980; Koop and Valimirov 1982; Bothma, Nel and Macdonald 1984; Malcom 1986). Studies of stomach contents and scats show that these small canids are mainly insectivorous, eating principally termites (mostly Hodotermes mossambicus) but also other insects. Other invertebrates (scorpions, solifugids and myriapods) and wild fruits are also included in the diet.
The First Swift Intensive AGN Accretion Disk Reverberation Mapping Survey

Swift intensive accretion disk reverberation mapping of four AGN yielded light curves sampled ∼200–350 times in 0.3–10 keV X-ray and six UV/optical bands. Uniform reduction and cross-correlation analysis of these data sets yields three main results: (1) The X-ray/UV correlations are much weaker than those within the UV/optical, posing severe problems for the lamp-post reprocessing model in which variations in a central X-ray corona drive and power those in the surrounding accretion disk. (2) The UV/optical interband lags are generally consistent with as predicted by the centrally illuminated thin accretion disk model. While the average interband lags are somewhat larger than predicted, these results alone are not inconsistent with the thin disk model given the large systematic uncertainties involved. (3) The one exception is the U band lags, which are on average a factor of ∼2.2 larger than predicted from the surrounding band data and fits. This excess appears to be due to diffuse continuum emission from the broad-line region (BLR). The precise mixing of disk and BLR components cannot be determined from these data alone. The lags in different AGN appear to scale with mass or luminosity. We also find that there are systematic differences between the uncertainties derived by JAVELIN versus more standard lag measurement techniques, with JAVELIN reporting smaller uncertainties by a factor of 2.5 on average. In order to be conservative only standard techniques were used in the analyses reported herein.
Discounted Markov Automata

Markov automata (MA) are a rich modelling formalism for complex systems combining compositionality with probabilistic choices and continuous stochastic timing. Model checking algorithms for different classes of properties involving probabilities and rewards have been devised for MA, opening up a spectrum of applications in dependability engineering and artificial intelligence, reaching out into economy and finance. In the latter more general contexts, several quantities of considerable importance are based on the idea of discounting reward expectations, so that the near future is more important than the far future. This paper introduces the expected discounted reward value for MA and develops effective iterative algorithms to quantify it, based on valueas well as policy-iteration. To arrive there, we reduce the problem to the computation of expected discounted rewards and expected total rewards in Markov decision processes. This allows us to adapt well-known algorithms to the MA setting. Experimental results clearly show that our algorithms are efficient and scale to MA with hundred thousands of states.
Supplementary Material for LabelFusion : A Pipeline for Generating Ground Truth Labels for Real RGBD Data of Cluttered Scenes 1 Comparison with Human Labeling of Single Frame

To approximately quantify the quality of the data generated by our pipeline, and the speed of labeling, we compared with a traditional technique of labeling one image with a polygon of the segmented object (Figure 1). We randomly chose two images from our dataset, and used [1] to label them by hand. A side-by-side comparison of the human labeling and the label generated from our pipeline are provided below. Human labeling using [1] took approximately 10 minutes per frame. With our method we spent approximately 60 seconds of human input to label each of these scenes, but this is amortized over 1,000 views of this scene. Accordingly the human time per label (Figure 1, bottom row) is approximately four orders of magnitude less for our method.
An algorithm (CoDeFi) for the curse of dimensionality in finance

We present a new algorithm (CoDeFi) to tackle the Curse Of Dimensionality In Finance and deal with a broad class of Partial Differential Equations (PDE’s) including the Kolmogorov equations as, for instance, the Black and Scholes equations. As a main feature, our method allows one to solve the Kolmogorov equations in large dimensions and provides a very general framework to deal with risk measurements. In financial applications, the number of dimensions corresponds to the number of underlyings or risk sources. Résumé Nous présentons un nouvel algorithme (CoDeFi) pour aborder la malédiction dimensionnelle en mathématiques financière, en considérant une large classe d’équations aux dérivées partielles (EDP), incluant les équations de Kolmogorov, comme par exemple les équations de Black et Scholes. La principale caractéristique de notre méthode est de permettre la résolution des équations de Kolmogorov en dimension haute, et fournit ainsi un environnement très général pour la mesure des risques. Pour les applications en Finance, le nombre de dimensions correspond au nombre de sources de risques. Version française abrégée La malédiction dimensionnelle (CoD le terme provient d’un article de 1957 de R.E. Bellman) décrit des temps de calcul augmentant exponentiellement avec le nombre de sources de risques, et nous proposons dans cette note une solution à ce problème ouvert depuis longtemps. Notre approche est basée sur une combinaison de techniques provenant de la théorie des équations aux dérivés partielles : des trajectoires Monte-Carlo, une méthode numérique classique qui n’est pas ”maudite” (non affectée par CoD), sont utilisées comme des grilles de calcul mouvantes. Ces grilles permettent de résoudre les équations de Kolmogorov, en utilisant des techniques de maillage non structuré conjointement avec la théorie du transport optimal, pour passer outre la malédiction. Nous utilisons également des techniques de calibration zero-erreur, pour une prise en compte parfaite des instruments de réplication ou les besoins de modélisation financière complexe. Toutes ces techniques sont regroupées dans un Email addresses: contact@philippelefloch.org (Philippe G. LeFloch), jean-marc.mercier@mpg-partners.com (Jean-Marc Mercier). environnement de calcul que nous appelons CoDeFi. CoDeFi peut être vu comme un environnement de mesure de risque très général, implémentant l’algorithmie présentée dans [3]–[4]. Cette note présente ces technologies et propose un premier benchmark pour le cas multi-dimensionnel, en le complétant jusquà la 64 ème dimension (ou 64 sources de risque). A notre connaissance, peu d’autres technologies pourraient compléter ce test. La quantification optimale [1] ou l’analyse par ondelette [9] pourraient être utilisés jusqú’à disons 10 dimensions. Au delà, les techniques type Monte-Carlo américain [7] pourraient peut-être fournir des bornes inférieures, ces méthodes étant connues pour fournir des exercices sub-optimaux. Nous concluons en notant que ce même environnement de calcul est utilisé pour des simulations dans le cadre de problèmes hyperboliques non-linéaires [? ].