Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Desempenho de novilhos mestiços nelore suplementados em pastagem com diferentes níveis de concentrado no período seco do ano

No Brasil, a engorda de animais suplementados em pastagem na seca, nos ultimos anos, representa a maior parte dos animais terminados nesta epoca do ano. Com este trabalho objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de niveis crescentes de concentrado na engorda de novilhos mesticos nelore, suplementados em pastagem no periodo seco do ano. O experimento foi realizado no Setor de Bovinocultura do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA, entre os meses de junho a setembro de 2001. Foram utilizados 24 bovinos mesticos nelore, machos, inteiros, com idade media de 30 meses e peso vivo medio de 295 Kg. Durante o periodo experimental, os animais foram manejados em pastagem de Brachiaria brizanta cv. Maranducom area de 11,5 ha e disponibilidade media de 7,635 e 3,495 kgMS.ha-1, no inicio e no final do periodo, respectivamente. Os tratamentos constituiram-se de niveis crescentes de concentrado, calculados como percentual do peso vivo, como segue: T1 0,0%; T2 - 0,4%; T3 - 0,8%; T4. - 1,2%. O experimento foi delineado em blocos casualizados, com o peso vivo inicial como fator de blocagem, sendo 6 blocos e 4 tratamentos, totalizando 24 parcelas experimentais. Para analise dos dados utilizou-se o software estatistico Sistema de Analise de Variância de Dados Balanceados (SISVAR). Os resultados foram os seguintes: houve efeito significativo, com ajuste linear, dos niveis de concentrado no ganho de peso diario (P<0,05), com ponto de maximo de 0,87% do PV. Com base na analise dos dados, conclui-se que a terminacao de novilhos nelores, suplementados a pasto, e tecnica e economicamente viavel, com melhores resultados ao nivel de 0,76% do PV.
Linking dietary shifts and reproductive failure in seabirds: a stable isotope approach

Summary Diet-related breeding failure in seabirds has been attributed to declines in key prey abundance, the quality of prey and overall prey availability. However, identifying which aspect of diet is responsible for reproductive failure is challenging due to the practicalities of measuring prey utilization and the actual availability and abundance of those resources. In this study, stable isotope-based Bayesian models, in combination with indices of resource availability, were used to assess the links between prey availability, seabird diet and reproductive success in a generalist, inshore top predator, the little penguin, Eudyptula minor. The most probable causes for the sharp decrease in little penguin reproductive performance were diminished localized populations of anchovies, Engraulis australis, in combination with the scarcity of alternative prey. Low dietary diversity and the consumption of low trophic value prey were observed in this period. In the contrasting following year, penguins consumed increased levels of anchovy as well as a high diversity of prey. High dietary diversity and the consumption of high trophic value prey were observed in birds' pre-breeding and breeding diet and likely led to early breeding and high reproductive success. Our results highlight that resource abundance and the availability of a variety of prey taxa are critical factors in enabling this inshore seabird to adjust to changes in environmental conditions and fluctuations in prey. An understanding of seabird diet is integral to their conservation and management. Monitoring seabird trophic niche dimensions and reproductive parameters can elucidate causes for population declines and can provide information about particular prey species and foraging locations that require protection.
A contribution to the knowledge of the Brazilian Strepsiptera: (Insecta)

Neste trabalho procuramos atualizar e acrescentar observacoes novas ao conhecimento dos Strepsiptera do Brasil. Descrevemos 4 especies novas da familia Myrmecolacidae, representados apenas por machos e uma especie nova da familia Halictophagidae, representada por macho, femea e hospedador. Registramos a ocorrencia, no Brasil, de uma especie da familia Stylopidae, conhecida anteriormente da Argentina e fornecemos dados adicionais sobre uma especie da familia Mengeidae, Triozocera paulistana Kogan, 1958. Baseados em HOFENEDER & FULMEK (1942-43) damos a lista dos hospedadores encontrados estilopizados no Brasil.
Ego-Depletion and Financial Risk Behavior: An Experimental Analysis

The present research investigates the ways in which the financial risk preferences of young adults are influenced by situational changes the level of their inhibitory abilities. As part of the research, young adults were asked to respond to a questionnaire dealing with their risk preferences. Some were asked to do a Stroop task before filling the questionnaire while others performed a similar but easier task. The study assumes that since the performance of the Stroop mission requires the individual to reach a decision while overcoming his automatic tendencies and habits, this will deplete his self-control resources. As such, when an individual is filling out the questionnaire dealing with risk preferences after a Stroop task, his ability to avoid automatic tendencies is depleted. The study found differences in the risk preferences of individuals who had experienced depletion, comparing to individuals who had not.
The Balance Condition in Search-and-Matching Models

Most of the literature that studies frictional search-and-matching models with heterogeneous agents and random search investigates steady-state equilibria. Steady-state equilibrium requires, in particular, that the flows of agents into and out of the population of unmatched agents balance. We investigate the structure of this balance condition, taking agents' matching behavior as given. Building on the "fundamental matching lemma" for quadratic search technologies in Shimer and Smith (2000), we establish existence, uniqueness, and comparative-static properties of the solution to the balance condition for any search technology satisfying minimal regularity conditions. Implications for the existence and structure of steady-state equilibria are noted.
World Heritage Sites and the Integration of Biodiversity into an International PES Framework

With various payments for ecosystem services (PES) programs and pilot projects underway around the world, the need for institutional support for scaling-up PES to international and global levels is becoming increasingly significant. However, in such a new and fast-growing field, there remain important challenges on both the supply and demand sides that need to be overcome. An overview of the ongoing discussion on International Payments for Ecosystem Services (IPES) provides the background necessary for highlighting the conceptual, economic, geographic, and social hurdles that are impeding the development of large-scale PES mechanisms. With particular emphasis on biodiversity conservation, the existing willingness to pay for the preservation of critical ecosystem services will be at the heart of future work on developing IPES. By identifying the fundamental challenges impeding the development of IPES, the opportunity presented by using the World Heritage Convention (WHC) as a model upon which to base future efforts will be explored. The capacity that the WHC model has for tapping into a greater demand and for clearing up the difficulties in adequately “packaging” a biodiversity-based supply of ecosystem services will be offered as the basis for the argumentation.
Economic Returns of Irrigated and Non-Irrigated Peanut Based Cropping Systems

Proper crop rotation is essential to maintaining high peanut yield and quality. However, the economic considerations of sustainable cropping systems must incorporate commodity prices, production costs, and yield responses of the crops within the cropping system. Research was conducted at the USDA/ARS National Peanut Research Laboratory's Multi-crop Irrigation Research Farm in Shellman, Georgia to determine the average net returns of irrigated and non-irrigated cropping systems consisting of peanut (Arachis hypogea L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and corn (Zea mays L.). Five replicated cropping systems provided data on yield responses from irrigated and non-irrigated rotation sequences defined as: continuous peanuts (PPP), cotton/peanuts/cotton (CPC), corn/peanuts/corn (MPM), cotton/cotton/peanuts (CCP), and cotton/corn/peanuts (CMP). The peanut yield in the PPP rotation was 3300 kg/ha in the non-irrigated treatment. Non-irrigated yields in CPC and MPM rotation sequences were 3940 and 3890 kg/ha, respectively and yields in CCP and CMP rotation sequences were 4770 and 4710 kg/ha, respectively. The peanut yield in the PPP rotation was 4080 kg/ha in the irrigated treatment. Irrigated yields in CPC and MPM rotation sequences were 5280 and 5230 kg/ha, respectively and yields in CCP and CMP rotation sequences were 5940 and 6010 kg/ha, respectively. The economic returns of the cropping systems were analyzed for 3 different price level combinations. Production costs (variable and fixed) were obtained from partial budgets. Returns were defined as the 3 year average net returns of each cropping system and were calculated for each price level combination which resulted in 57 comparable average net returns for the irrigated and non-irrigated treatments. Net returns were influenced by rotation sequence, price, and irrigation.
Phylogenetic relationships within the Retiolitidae (Graptolithina) and a new genus, Cometograptus

A new retiolitid genus Cometograptus, restricted to the lundgreni Biozone (Late Wenlock), is characterized by a combination of primitive features such as strong transverse rods and ancora sleeve lists with seams facing out, with advanced features such as a long sicula, central, free nema and pustulose bandages. Cometograptus links two Subfamilies of the Family Retiolitidae. The Subfamily Retiolitinae is divided into redefined lineages: Pseudoretiolites, Retiolites, Paraplectograptus, whereas the Subfamily Plectograptinae is divisible into the Sokolovograptus (questionable), Gothograptus, Spinograptus, Plectograptus lineages, and Cometograptus. The Sokolovograptus group, the first retiolitids bearing ancora sleeve lists with seams facing out, did not survive the lundgreni crisis. The only survivors were Upper Wenlock retiolitids of the Gothograptus lineage. The new genus Cometograptus includes Cometograptus koreni n.gen. and n.sp. , Cometograptus tomczyki n.gen. and n.sp. , as well as the previously described Cometograptus nevadensis, Cometograptus marsupium and Cometograptus apoxys.
A mathematical and statistical framework for modelling dispersal

Mechanistic and phenomenological dispersal modelling of organisms has long been an area of intensive research. Recently, there has been an increased interest in intermediate models between the two. Intermediate models include major mechanisms that affect dispersal, in addition to the dispersal curve of a phenomenological model. Here we review and describe the mathematical and statistical framework for phenomenological dispersal modelling. In the mathematical development we describe modelling of dispersal in two dimensions from a point source, and in one dimension from a line or area source. In the statistical development we describe applicable observation distributions, and the procedures of model fitting, comparison, checking, and prediction. The procedures are also demonstrated using data from dispersal experiments. The data are hierarchically structured, and hence, we fit hierarchical models. The Bayesian modelling approach is applied, which allows us to show the uncertainty in the parameter estimates and in predictions. Finally, we show how to account for the effect of wind speed on the estimates of the dispersal parameters. This serves as an example of how to strengthen the coupling in the modelling between the phenomenon observed in an experiment and the underlying process - something that should be striven for in the statistical modelling of dispersal.
Genomic approaches for studying biological clocks

Summary 1. Time is an important dimension for any ecological niche. 2. Most higher organisms show adaptations that are related to daily or seasonal timing, and these adaptations are regulated by endogenous clocks. At the molecular level, these clocks are encoded by a network of proteins interacting with each other and with their own transcripts. 3. Recent expression studies suggested that a large fraction of the transcriptome and the proteome both in mammals and insects may show significant daily oscillations. Here, we review some of the recent genomic approaches to studying circadian clocks, including transcriptomic, proteomic and quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses, in a wide variety of organisms, from plants to mammals. 4. We also discuss some of the methodological problems that are inherent in these types of studies. Understanding how the circadian system interacts with the environment at the molecular level is perhaps the most important challenge of chronobiology and we anticipate future developments with these methods using experimental paradigms that are more environmentally and ecologically focused. 5. The identification of novel clock genes using more ecologically relevant experimental designs will provide a reservoir of genetic variation whose function can be studied in natural populations.
Size and Age of Migrating Eastern Red Efts (Notophthalmus viridescens) from the Laurentian Shield, Quebec

Abstract From June to October 1994, we used drift fences to sample migrating red efts (Notophthalmus viridescens) in terrestrial habitats near a permanent oligotrophic lake in the Mastigouche Reserve, Quebec. Fences were placed up to 200 m from the shore and yielded a total of 1443 efts. Age was estimated by skeletochronology. More than 1200 efts (modal SVL 20 mm, age 0+, 1, and 2 yr) were caught while migrating toward the forest; most (83%) were caught in fences < 15 m from shore between 7 and 30 September. Efts migrating toward the lake (N = 226) were more frequent in June (39.4%) and August (37.6%). Those from three fences nearest shore (< 87 m) were maturing efts (modal SVL 32 mm; age 3–5 yr). Age and SVL were highly correlated in the eft population. Fence distance from shore and the interaction of this factor with fence side accounted for a significant portion of eft body size variation. Results suggest that maturing efts may need more than one season to migrate from terrestrial home range to spawning lake. Reduced migration during midsummer may be the result of adverse conditions on the forest floor. We estimated the median number of breeding seasons (2.5) in the study population by comparing age structure of the maturing eft population with that of adults in the nearby lake.
Metabolism of ethylene by Mycobacterium E 20

Recently, Mycobacteria capable of utilizing ethylene have been isolated [1,2]. Preliminary studies with Mycobacterium E 20 indicated that this compound was metabolized via ethylene oxide, and that the glyoxylate cycle was involved in the further metabolism of the epoxide [3]. Ethylene oxide therefore was probably metabolized via acetyl-CoA, but the reactions leading to its formation from the epoxide remained obscure. This paper reports on investigations aimed at elucidating this pathway.
A comparison of four methods for determining planktonic community production1

Samples from two coastal experimental ecosystems were incubated in vitro and sampled over 24 h. Production rates were measured by the 14C method, the O2 and CO, light-dark bottle methods, and the I80 method. 0, production in the experimental enclosures (volume - 1.3 x lo4 liters) was also measured directly. Photosynthetic and respiratory quotients were close to 1 . O. Gross production values determined by 0, light-dark experiments, CO2 light-dark experiments, and I80 were similar. 14C production ranged from 60 to 100% of gross production measured in CO, light-dark experiments, indicating that 14C uptake is not precisely fixed with respect to other measures of community metabolism. There was no evidence that 14C or any other method underestimated the rate of primary production in vitro by more than 40%. Productivities in vitro ranged from 35 to 100% of those in the mesocosm at similar light intensities. In samples from one of the ecosystems, the rate of respiration in the light (calculated from I80 data) was an order of magnitude greater than the rate in the dark. This difference may be ascribed to either photorespiration or light enhancement of mitochondrial respiration.
Utilización de altas dosis de ácido ascórbico en el tratamiento del SARS Covid-19: Soporte Científico y Clínico para su aplicación en terapéutica

The 2019 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization, due to the sudden appearance of this pandemic process associated with increasing morbidity and mortality worldwide, various treatments have been implemented. In this framework, high doses of vitamin C began to be used in critically ill patients. We analyze the clinical trials and/or research papers available in the literature. Although more evidence on its effectiveness is needed is important for the specialist to understand the clinical logic of this use to determine if it is correct as a concomitant treatment. It seems that using high doses of vitamin C parenterally is a safe, available and economical alternative especially for critically ill patients.
New Observations on the Distribution and Morphology of the Amphipod, Gammarus Zaddachi Sexton, With Notes on Related Species

As is well known, the species Gammarus zaddachi, established by E. W. Sexton in 1912 on material from European brackish and fresh-water localities, has caused great confusion among zoologists, as the characteristics distinguishing it from various related species, particularly Gammarus locusta, G. duebeni and G. pulex, have been very frequently disregarded. This confusion still persists to-day—that is amply shown by the material received for the present investigations from various museums.
Microhabitat use by the brush-tailed bettong (Bettongia penicillata) and burrowing bettong (B. lesueur) in semiarid New South Wales: implications for reintroduction programs

Detailed studies of how endangered species use their environments at varied habitat scales are crucial if they are to be conserved and managed effectively. In this study, we used spool-and-line tracking to investigate the microhabitats used by the brush-tailed bettong (Bettongia penicillata) and the burrowing bettong (B. lesueur), two species with geographical ranges that have been dramatically reduced since European settlement in Australia. The study was carried out at Scotia Sanctuary, in semiarid western New South Wales, where both species have been recently reintroduced. The nocturnal movements and foraging of bettongs were associated with sites containing more canopy cover (mean 10–25%) than was available on average (0–10%). Models generated to predict the probability of bettong movements or activity points showed positive correlations with ground vegetation cover and ground vegetation height. Other microhabitat components of varying importance, including sand cover, litter cover, litter depth, crust cover, and distance to shrub/tree, were incorporated into these models. Species comparisons indicated that, although slight differences occurred in the way each species moved through the habitat, both species foraged in areas with similar microhabitat characteristics. While the models should have broad utility for the selection of favourable habitat for future release sites for B. penicillata and B. lesueur, further studies of diet and food availability are recommended to refine them further.
A rapid and specific PCR-ELISA for detecting Salmonella typhi

Background: Salmonella continues to be a major food borne pathogen for animals and humans. A sensitive and specific PCR–ELISA technique was developed to detect Salmonella typhi. Materials and methods: The assay was based on the incorporation of digoxigenin-labeled dUTP and a biotin-labeled primers specific for rfbE gene during PCR amplification. The labeled PCR products were bound to streptoavidin-coated wells of a microtiter plate and detected by ELISA. The specificity of the PCR was determined using 4 strains of Entrobacteriaceae family including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, and Enterobacter and 2 strains of salmonella genus including paratyphi A and entritidis. Results: Among all the strains, only Salmonella typhi was positive. The PCR-ELISA detecting system was able to increase the sensitivity of assay up to 100 fold, compared with a conventional PCR. The detection limit in PCR-ELISA was 2. 5ρg in genomic DNA and 20 cells in direct manner per reaction. The entire procedure took about 100 minutes. For further confirmation of the test, internal biotin labeled probe was designed for rfbE gene and detected with streptavidin. Conclusion: We have developed a rapid and simple PCR-ELISA protocol suitable for routine analysis of viable Salmonella typhi.
A phylogenetic study of the genus Schizopora (Basidiomycota) based on ITS DNA sequences

A phylogenetic analysis based on internal transcribed spacer regions of the nuclear ribosomal RNA region (ITS) sequences has been undertaken for species in the genus Schizopora. Four known species were studied, viz. S. radula, S. paradoxa, S. flavipora, S. nothofagi, and a hitherto undescribed species from Taiwan. Allopatric differentiation was apparent in S. radula, for which several geographically representive samples were available. Among these, ITS sequence data obtained from S. radula isolates from British Columbia and Australasia were identical. All previously recognised Schizopora species were well separated from each other with respect to their ITS sequences. Mating compatibility tests also showed complete reproductive separation between species, but intercompatibility between cultures from the same species, irrespective of geographical origin. Overall, the morphology of basidiomes of S. radula from New Zealand differs only in minor respects from those of European and Argentinean origin, but shows a higher degree of variability than described for European specimens.
Mini-review A tale of two genomes: resolution of dimeric chromosomes in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis

Dimeric chromosomes can be formed during replication of circular bacterial chromosomes by an odd number of homologous recombination events between sister chromosomes. In the absence of a compensating recombination reaction such dimers cannot be segregated from each other as the cell divides. This review highlights the shared and divergent mechanisms employed by Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis in their effort to resolve and partition dimeric chromosomes safely. In particular, we discuss the Xer-type recombinases, RecA, FtsK/SpoIIIE, and dif. © 2000 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS dimeric chromosome / Escherichia coli / Bacillus subtilis / Xer-type recombinases
Benchmarking of state-of-the-art HPC Clusters with a Production CFD Code

Computing technologies populating high-performance computing (HPC) clusters are getting more and more diverse, offering a wide range of architectural features. As a consequence, efficient programming of such platforms becomes a complex task. In this paper we provide a micro-benchmarking of three HPC clusters based on different CPU architectures, predominant in the Top500 ranking: x86, Armv8 and IBM Power9. On these platforms we study a production fluid-dynamics application leveraging different compiler technologies and micro-architectural features. We finally provide a scalability study on state-of-the-art HPC clusters. The two most relevant conclusions of our study are: i) Compiler development is critical for squeezing performance out of most recent technologies; ii) Micro-architectural features such as Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) units and Simultaneous Multi-Threading (SMT) can impact the overall performance. However, a closer look shows that while SIMD is improving the performance of compute bound regions, SMT does not show a clear benefit on HPC workloads.