Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The mathematics of nonlinear programming, by A. L. Peressini, F. E. Sullivan and J. J. UhlJr. , Pp. 273. DM 88. 1988. ISBN 3-540-96614-5 (Springer).

being the most demanding in computer time. A weak method to evaluate zeros of polynomials might waste a few extra seconds of computer time, but a bad choice of computational strategy for the Nagumo-Shivashinski equation will render it unsolvable in reasonable time, even on large computers. This is why I am waiting for that ideal second volume . Another important omission is computation with parallel computers. These are becoming increasingly available and call for different approaches and, frequently, for different methods. For what is good on a serial machine might well be sub-standard on a parallel computer and vice versa. More importantly, the authors would have rendered important service to the computing public had they added a chapter on parallel computer architectures and strategies, from the point of view of computer science. This would have been premature just a few years ago, but by now parallel computers are ubiquitous and their theory is in relatively strong shape. In this new and brave world, scientists, engineers and their likes must be at home not only with scientific computing, but also with important components of computer science. These points notwithstanding, this is a remarkable and highly useful book, It is destined to popularise correct and well-informed computing methods and put the much-maligned "number-crunching" on a more respectable footing. If you are just about to depart to a desert island, and if the aforementioned island sports a good work-station or mainframe computer (as most reputable desert islands do nowadays), do not forget to take Numerical Recipes with you. Happy number-cooking and bon appetit.
Decomposition of the dinoflagellate Peridinium gatunense under oxic vs. anoxic conditions

The seasonal plankton succession of rhe warm monomictic Lake Kinneret, Israel, is characterized by a typical winter-spring bloom formed almost exclusively by the armored dinoflagellate Peridinium gatunense NYGAARD (hence: Peridinium). At peak development Peridinium biomass usually exceeds 200 g. ~ m-' and typically constitutes more than 90% of the total phytoplankton biomass. The bloom declines sharply in May-June, as a result of increased death rates (VINER-MOZZINI 1998), and the produced biomass undergoes massive decomposition. Apparently, zooplankton grazing is not a significant loss process (SERRUYA er al. 1980) to rhis relatively large (diameter: 40-50 flm), C-rich but N+P-poor dinoflagellate (WYNNE et al. 1982). Usually, decomposition of Peridinium takes place mostly in the aerobic epilimnion. Nevertheless, more than negligible amounts of the biomass, the absolute amounts of which vary strongly from year to year, sink into the anaerobic hypolimnion (15-60%; ZoHARY er al. 1998) where degradation is anaerobic. Here we report on a series of experiments designed to highlight differences in rates and patterns of decomposition under aerobic vs. anaerobic conditions, in epilimnetic vs. hypolimnetic water. Contrary to our expectations, we found rhar the presence of oxygen had no effect on Peridinium decomposition rates.
Thermodynamic Routes to Novel Metastable Nitrogen-Rich Nitrides

Compared to oxides, the nitrides are relatively unexplored, making them a promising chemical space for novel materials discovery. Of particular interest are nitrogen-rich nitrides, which often possess useful semiconducting properties for electronic and optoelectronic applications. However, such nitrogen-rich compounds are generally metastable, and the lack of a guiding theory for their synthesis has limited their exploration. Here, we review the remarkable metastability of observed nitrides, and examine the thermodynamics of how reactive nitrogen precursors can stabilize metastable nitrogen-rich compositions during materials synthesis. We map these thermodynamic strategies onto a predictive computational search, training a data-mined ionic substitution algorithm specifically for nitride discovery, which we combine with grand-canonical DFT-SCAN phase stability calculations to compute stabilizing nitrogen chemical potentials. We identify several new nitrogen-rich binary nitrides for experimental investigati.
A Simple and Versatile Method for the Formation of Acetals/Ketals Using Trace Conventional Acids

An important and surprising finding that the acetalization and ketalization of aldehydes and ketones with alcohols, respectively, proceed smoothly in the presence of 0.1 mol % acid, without removing water, has been presented. This process has many merits, such as commercial available catalysts with low cost and low loadings (as low as 0.03 mol %), quite a broad substrate scope (including various aldehydes, ketones, acid-sensitive substrates, and diols), a wide range of reaction temperature (−60 to 50 °C), high yields, large-scale preparation, environmental friendliness, and simple work-up procedure. This new protocol has also been successfully applied to protect the important organic compounds, such as 1,3-diols, 1,2-diols, acid-sensitive substrates, glucose, and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.
Three-way Resolution of the Overlapping Ultrahigh-performance Liquid Spectrochromatograms for the Analysis of a Quaternary Mixture Using Parallel Factor Analysis

ABSTRACT This paper presents a new application of three-way parallel factor analysis (3W-PARAFAC) model to the coeluting spectrochromatograms for the quantitative resolution of a quaternary mixture system consisting of paracetamol, propyphenazone, and caffeine with aspirin as an internal standard. Spectrochromatograms of calibration standards, validation sets, and unknown samples were recorded as a function of retention time and wavelength in the range of 0.0–2.5 min and 200–400 nm, respectively, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (UPLC-PDA). Three-way UPLC-PDA data array X (retention time × wavelength × sample) was obtained from the data matrices of the spectrochromatograms. 3W-PARAFAC decomposition of three-way UPLC-PDA data array provided three loading matrices corresponding to chromatographic mode, spectral mode, and relative concentration mode. Quantitative estimation of paracetamol, propyphenazone, and caffeine in analyzed samples was accomplished using the relative concentration mode obtained by the deconvolution of the UPLC-PDA data set. The validity and ability of 3W-PARAFAC model were checked by analyzing independent test samples. It was observed from analyses that 3W-PARAFAC method has potential to uniquely resolve strongly overlapping peaks of analyzed compounds in a spectrochromatogram, which was obtained under experimental conditions consisting of the lower flow rate, short run time, and simple mobile phase composition. The proposed three-way chemometric approach was successfully applied to the simultaneous quantification of paracetamol, propyphenazone, and caffeine in tablets. Experiments showed that the determination results were in good agreement with label amount in commercial pharmaceutical preparation.
Adsolubilization of Organic Compounds in Surfactant-Modified Alumina

Adsolubilization is the solubilization of organics into the three dimensional micelle like structures formed by the adsorption of ionic surfactants at high concentration on oppositely charged surfaces. Adsolubilization process could efficiently be used for the removal of different organic pollutants like dyes, phenolic compounds, etc. from water environment. In the present work, the adsorption characteristics of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an anionic surfactant (AS) on neutral alumina were studied in detail. Alumina was found to be an efficient adsorbent for SDS and could be used for the removal of SDS from its highly concentrated (several thousand ppm) solution. The equilibrium time found was 2 h. Though the removal efficiency was low (∼ 65%) at neutral pH, but at slightly acidic condition and in the presence of NaCl, the efficiency could be increased drastically (>98%). The adsorption isotherm study showed four distinct regions. The effects of various other parameters such as adsorbent dose, the presence of different ions (Cl - , NO 3 - , SO 4 2- and Fe 3+ ), and non-ionic surfactant on the SDS adsorption were also studied. It was observed that the adsorption capacity was increased due to the presence of these ions in general. After the adsorption of SDS on alumina, the alumina, which was then called the surfactant-modified alumina (SMA), was used for the removal of crystal violet (CV), a well-known cationic dye and phenol from aquatic environment. The kinetic studies showed that 1 h shaking time was sufficient to achieve the equilibrium for CV. The equilibrium time for phenol was 1.5 h. Studies were conducted to see the effects of adsorbent dose on the removal of CV and phenol separately using the SMA. The pH was maintained at 6.7±0.1. The SMA was found to be very efficient, and ∼ 99% and ∼ 90% efficiency could be achieved under optimised conditions for the removal of CV and phenol when present even at a high concentration (200 ppm for CV and 50 ppm for phenol). Effects of different parameters like SDS coverage on alumina, pH, presence of different ions, temperature, etc. were studied. To test whether the removal of CV and phenol was possible from real water using the SMA, the removal studies were conducted using CV and phenol spiked tap water samples. It was interesting to note that the removal efficiency was better for the tap water samples than for the distilled water ones. Desorption of SDS from the SMA was possible using aqueous sodium hydroxide and desorption of CV and phenol from the exhausted surface could be done by rectified spirit.
Sensitivity of Energetic Materials: Theoretical Relationships to Detonation Performance and Molecular Structure

It has been known for decades that high performances for explosives (as characterized by detonation velocity D, detonation pressure P, or Gurney energy EG) are connected with high impact sensitivities, i.e., low values of the drop weight impact height h50. This trade-off is theoretically substantiated for the first time. It stems from the primary role of the amount of chemical energy evolved per atom for both performance and sensitivity. Under realistic assumptions, log(h50) increases linearly with D–4 or equivalently with P–2 or EG–1. This prediction proves consistent with experimental data for nonaromatic nitro compounds. The occurrence of different explosophores on the same molecule is suggested as a factor influencing the performance-sensitivity trade-off. Finally, it is shown that a large body of data may be explained by the present approach, which naturally integrates thermodynamic (energy content) as well as kinetic (activation energies) aspects. This model should help in designing powerful high en.
Optimizing the second-order nonlinear optical response in some indoline-based chromophores at the molecular and macroscopic levels

The effect of extending the conjugation length, the deployment of various substituents and configurational locking of the polyene backbone on the second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) response of a series of indoline based compounds has been investigated. The compounds were examined using Hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) and relative second-harmonic generation (SHG) techniques with a femtosecond operating system with a 1300 nm fundamental wavelength. All of the compounds were found to have high molecular hyperpolarizabilities with β values of up to 1230 × 10-30 esu. At the macroscopic level-for poled polymer thin films-a strong second-order NLO signal has been detected and d33 values of up to 217 pm/V are found-a response of some ten times greater than that found for the well known azo dye Disperse Red 1.
Effect of Methanol and Aqueous Leaf Extract of Mitracarpus Scabrum in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is serious metabolic disorder affecting large number people worldwide. It is associated with derangement of carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism. This study investigate the activity of Mitracarpus scabrum leaf extract in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Material and Methods: Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (120 mg/Kg). Rats were divided into four groups. Group I (standard control): treated orally with the reference drug, Glibenclamide. Group II (diabetic Control): diabetic rats untreated. Group III and IV: diabetic rats treated with methanol and aqueous leaf extract of M. scabrum (300 mg/kg). After the last treatment, blood samples were collected for estimation of serum glucose, liver enzymes, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and VLDL. Results: Methanol and aqueous leaves extracts significantly decreased (P < 0.05) fasting blood glucose in alloxan-induced diabetic rats from 10.10 ± 4.815 to 5.80±1.608 mmol/l and 18.85±8.33 mmol/l to 12.525±7.463 mmol/l respectively. The extracts also caused a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and increase in HDL-cholesterol. Conclusion: This results revealed that M. scabrum is effective in the management of diabetes mellitus.
Quelles proximités pour innover

Longtemps delaisse par les economistes, le theme de l'innovation est devenu a la mode dans les annees 80 avant de faire la fortune des decideurs, qu'il s'agisse des technopoles, des clusters, des poles de competitivite ou des aides de toutes sortes. Aujourd'hui, au regard de la formidable concentration spatiale des activites d'innovation et du succes de zones telles que la Silicon Valley ou Sophia Antipolis, on considere que la proximite geographique est necessaire, voire essentielle, a l'innovation et a la diffusion des connaissances. Mais est-ce certain ? Est-il reellement necessaire d'etre proches pour innover ? Le present ouvrage, ecrit par des economistes, des sociologues et des gestionnaires, se penche avec scepticisme sur cette question a partir d'exemples pris dans differentes regions francaises. L'analyse des facteurs de localisation des activites innovantes et des caracteristiques des systemes localises d'innovation, ainsi que l'etude des questions de geographie des connaissances et de leur diffusion locale permettent de relativiser le dogme de la proximite geographique et de mettre a jour les ressorts spatiaux souvent complexes des activites d'innovation, qu'il s'agisse des multiples canaux de diffusion ou de la possibilite de rencontres temporaires entre entreprises et organisations innovantes.Longtemps delaisse par les economistes, le theme de l'innovation est devenu a la mode dans les annees 80 avant de faire la fortune des decideurs, qu'il s'agisse des technopoles, des clusters, des poles de competitivite ou des aides de toutes sortes. Aujourd'hui, au regard de la formidable concentration spatiale desactivites d'innovation et du succes de zones telles que la Silicon Valley ou Sophia Antipolis, on considere que la proximite geographique est necessaire, voire essentielle, a l'innovation et a la diffusion des connaissances. Mais est-ce certain ? Est-il reellement necessaire d'etre proches pour innover ? Le present ouvrage, ecrit par des economistes, des sociologues et des gestionnaires, se penche avec scepticisme sur cette question a partir d'exemples pris dans differentes regions francaises. L'analyse des facteurs de localisation des activites innovantes et des caracteristiques des systemes localises d'innovation, ainsi que l'etude des questions de geographie des connaissances et de leur diffusion locale permettent de relativiser le dogme de la proximite geographique et de mettre a jour les ressorts spatiaux souvent complexes des activites d'innovation, qu'il s'agisse des multiples canaux de diffusion ou de la possibilite de rencontres temporaires entre entreprises et organisations innovantes.
Stereoselective One‐Pot Sequential Dehydrochlorination/trans‐Hydrofluorination Reaction of β‐Chloro‐α,β‐unsaturated Aldehydes or Ketones: Facile Access to (Z)‐β‐Fluoro‐β‐arylenals/β‐Fluoro‐β‐arylenones

The monofluoroalkene substructure shows a high potential as a fluorinated synthon in organic synthesis. However, control of the Z/E stereoselectivity of multi-substituted monofluoroalkene products in one-pot reaction still remains a challenge. An unprecedented one-pot approach for the highly regio- and stereoselective preparation of functionalized (Z)-β-monofluoro tri-substituted alkenes from readily available β-chloro-α,β-unsaturated aldehydes or ketones has been explored. Mechanistic studies demonstrated the reaction initiated from dehydrochlorination of the substrates to give alkynyl aldehydes/ketones, followed by their trans-hydrofluorination. It is worth mentioning that fluorinating reagent with suitable basicity and nucleophilicity plays a key role in promoting the formation of (Z)-β-fluoro-β-aryl tri-substituted monofluoroalkenes.
Quantum Chaos in Time Series of Single Photons as a Superposition of Wave and Particle States

We build a time series of single photons with quantum chaos statistics, using a version of the Grangier anti-correlation experiment. The criteria utilized to determine the presence of quantum chaos is the frame of the Fano factor and the power spectrum. We also show that photons with chaotic statistics are in a balanced superposition of photons with both wave-like and particle like behaviors. To support the presence of quantum chaos, we study both Shannon’s entropy, and the complexity of single photons time series.
CHLORIDE INGRESS IN OLD DANISH BRIDGES

The ingress of chloride into three Danish bridges located in marine environments has been studied by means of chloride profiles measured on concrete cores from submerged conditions. The sample materials represent three different concrete types and exposure times ranging from 30 to 34 years. Chloride transport parameters such as the achieved chloride diffusion coefficient (Da), surface chloride concentration (Cs) and the penetration parameter KCr were determined by fitting the error function solution to Fick’s 2 nd law to the measured profiles. Comparison with data from earlier investigations shows that Da and Cs are almost constant for exposure times beyond ten years. The findings from the old Danish bridges are also compared to data from 20 years marine exposure of concrete slabs in a Swedish field exposure site, and the possibility to apply a simplified chloride penetration model for long term marine exposure is discussed.
The impact of COVID-19 shocks on the volatility of stock markets in technologically advanced countries

Abstract This study examines the volatility of China and the most advanced countries of the world stock markets due to the pandemic of COVID-19 using the TGARCH model. This research study presents empirical support for the TGARCH specification for explaining the daily time dependence in the rate of information arrival to the market for stocks traded on China stock market. Using the sample containing closing stock market returns from 05 January 2015 to 04 April 2020 of sample countries, we found that through the COVID-19, there is no significant impact of returns volatility coming from advanced countries towards the China stock market. Further, results state that China has a significant impact on explaining the volatility of the most advanced countries of the world (Switzerland, Sweden, Netherlands, and the UK) except the U.S.A. during COVID-19. We found no significant impact of China stock market returns on the U.S.A. 's volatility, but there is a presence of leverage effect during COVID −19.
Effect of Electrolyte Concentration, Temperature and Clay Type on the Diffusional Properties of Anions in Clay-Modified Electrodes

A dual tube-electrode cell has been construeted for use in clay-modified electrode (CME) studies The optimization and characterization of the wall-tube cell through both visual and eleetrochemical measurements is described. Its use in some CME studies is then described. The svstem is found t0 give excellent insight into the behavior of a CME. ·
Addressing the Saturation Attainment Controversy: Evidence from the Qualitative Research on Assessing the Feasibility of Informal Sector Taxation in Zimbabwe

Qualitative Research (hereafter QR) frequently stimulates a great deal of questions and queries on sampling guidelines (techniques, sample sizes and adequacy of samples), data collection as well as analysis. Saturation has been considered a fundamental yardstick to help answer the problematic questions on sampling decisions and to boost validity and rigor in QR. Notwithstanding this, contemporary literature exploring the achievement of saturation point has been comparably sketchy. Most qualitative researchers refer to having reached the point of saturation at some instance in their studies, but without adequately expounding on how and when. This paper documents the steps taken towards reaching saturation and adds to the debate on the body of knowledge on practicable guidelines on how QR can communicate and publish details on the point of saturation. The study is part of a bigger study that adopted a sequential exploratory mixed method research design to evaluate the practicability of taxing the informal sector in Zimbabwe. The qualitative component was employed to gather data and analyse qualitative data, of which the outcomes were used to develop and refine quantitative research instruments (questionnaires) to elicit information on a larger sample. Using data from in-depth interviews with various stakeholders, the study explains how saturation point was achieved during thematic analysis of data and demonstrates how saturation was conceptualised. The study gives a contextual background information on the study (in order to sufficiently situate it), data collection methods and sampling decisions. The study was motivated by the fact that taxation is both a numbers and qualitative information game, yet there are few studies in the finance discipline, especially taxation, that focus on the highly contested saturation concept, its attainment and its reporting in the final publications. The study only focuses on the methodology adopted and how it helped achieve saturation and does not delve into the results of the study in detail.
Role of Ime4 and Pho92 Proteins in Pho5 Regulation

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