Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Effective Hybrid Model for EEG-Based Drowsiness Detection

Early detection of driver drowsiness and the development of a functioning driver alertness system may support the prevention of numerous vehicular accidents worldwide. Wearable sensors and camera-based systems are generally employed in the driver drowsiness detection. Electroencephalogram (or EEG) is considered another effective option for the driver drowsiness detection. Various EEG-based drowsiness detection systems have been proposed to date. In this paper, EEG signals are also used for the detection of drowsiness, with the proposed method being composed of three main building blocks. Both raw EEG signals and their corresponding spectrograms are used in the proposed building blocks. In the first building block, while energy distribution and zero-crossing distribution features are calculated from the raw EEG signals, spectral entropy and instantaneous frequency features are extracted from the EEG spectrogram images. In the second building block, deep feature extraction is employed directly on the EEG spectrogram images using pre-trained AlexNet and VGGNet. In the third building block, the tunable Q-factor wavelet transform (TQWT) is used to decompose the EEG signals into related sub-bands. The spectrogram images of the obtained sub-bands and statistical features, such as mean and standard deviation of the sub-bands’ instantaneous frequencies, are then calculated. Each feature group from each building block is fed to a long-short term memory (LSTM) network for the purposes of classification. The obtained results from the LSTM networks are then fused with a majority voting layer. The MIT-BIH Polysomnographic database was used in the experimental works. The evaluation of the proposed method was carried out with ten-fold cross validation test and the average accuracy represented accordingly. The obtained average accuracy score was 94.31%. The obtained result was also compared with other results to be found in the literature. The comparison shows that the proposed method’s achievement was found to be better than the compared results.
Product of Squared SR Random Variables: Application to Satellite Communication

We investigate the problem associated with the statistics of the product of two squared Shadowed Rician (SR) random variables (RVs). Both SR RVs are independent and nonidentically distributed. The distribution of the product of two squared SR RVs is very important from the satellite communication perspective. We derive approximate expressions of the probability density function (p.d.f.), the moment generating function (m.g.f.), and the cumulative distribution function (c.d.f.) in terms of Meijer-G functions. Furthermore, exact closed-form expressions for higher order moments, channel quality estimation index, and amount of fading are derived. The outage probability is also discussed by utilizing the expression of the c.d. f. An approximate closed-form expression of channel capacity is also derived with the help of the p.d. f. expression. Furthermore, the performance of satellite communication system is discussed in terms of the approximate symbol error rate by using the derived results. Specifically, the derived expression of the p.d. f. is used to develop an approximate closed-form expression of the m.g. f. for an amplify-and-forward-based satellite communication system.
Permission-Based Separation of Duty in Dynamic Role-Based Access Control Model

A major development in the field of access control is the dominant role-based access control (RBAC) scheme. The fascination of RBAC lies in its enhanced security along with the concept of roles. In addition, attribute-based access control (ABAC) is added to the access control models, which is famous for its dynamic behavior. Separation of duty (SOD) is used for enforcing least privilege concept in RBAC and ABAC. Moreover, SOD is a powerful tool that is used to protect an organization from internal security attacks and threats. Different problems have been found in the implementation of SOD at the role level. This paper discusses that the implementation of SOD on the level of roles is not a good option. Therefore, this paper proposes a hybrid access control model to implement SOD on the basis of permissions. The first part of the proposed model is based on the addition of attributes with dynamic characteristics in the RBAC model, whereas the second part of the model implements the permission-based SOD in dynamic RBAC model. Moreover, in comparison with previous models, performance and feature analysis are performed to show the strength of dynamic RBAC model. This model improves the performance of the RBAC model in terms of time, dynamicity, and automatic permissions and roles assignment. At the same time, this model also reduces the administrator’s load and provides a flexible, dynamic, and secure access control model.
Near-Wall Flow in Cerebral Aneurysms

The region where the vascular lumen meets the surrounding endothelium cell layer, hence the interface region between haemodynamics and cell tissue, is of primary importance in the physiological functions of the cardiovascular system. The functions include mass transport to/from the blood and tissue, and signalling via mechanotransduction, which are primary functions of the cardiovascular system and abnormalities in these functions are known to affect disease formation and vascular remodelling. This region is denoted by the near-wall region in the present work, and we outline simple yet effective numerical recipes to analyse the near-wall flow field. Computational haemodynamics solutions are presented for six patient specific cerebral aneurysms, at three instances in the cardiac cycle: peak systole, end systole (taken as dicrotic notch) and end diastole. A sensitivity study, based on Newtonian and non-Newtonian rheological models, and different flow rate profiles, is effected for a selection of aneurysm cases. The near-wall flow field is described by the wall shear stress (WSS) and the divergence of wall shear stress (WSSdiv), as descriptors of tangential and normal velocity components, respectively, as well as the wall shear stress critical points. Relations between near-wall and free-stream flow fields are discussed.
Polarization switching, dielectric, structural and elastic properties of 2-Methylbenzimidazole crystals and films

Abstract Single crystals and films of 2-methylbenzimidazole were grown from ethanol solution by slow cooling and evaporation method. 3D XRD study confirms pseudo tetragonal structure of MBI crystals. MBI films have a texture formed by spherulite type blocks with in-plane orientation of pseudo-tetragonal [001] axis. MBI crystals and films surface were studied by atomic force microscopy to evaluate Young’s modulus and surface potential distributions related to small charge of domain walls. Dielectric hysteresis loops were simulated in frames of particular case of KAI model. Strong decrease of activation field with temperature increase indicates a potential ferroelectric transition above melting point.
An Efficient Video Editing Application for Android based Technologies

Objective: Smartphone industry is growing day by day.According to studies, maximum smartphone users watch videos on their smartphones.With the time, android operating system is becoming popular due to the applications which are based on android SDKsthat attract the attention of the mobile phone users. Methods: However, with the increase of its popularity video editing in android devices is becoming a complex task for many reasons as well like poor video quality after editing, slow editing process, editing tool crashes while editing etc. There is a need of an attractivetool and an efficient environmentto deal with such complex tasks. Findings: This study discusses the novel and easy-to-use interface of video editing in android devices. The developed tool can perform video encoding which generates number of frames per second. We have applied image processing techniques to add images or text to any frame of video and can apply different effects like covers, sepia, gamma, rotation, snow. Then the tool can regenerate video from the frames produced after editing and application of various effects. Application:The resultant video will be quality conscious and can be generated in multiple formats like MP4, 3GP, and MOV reliably. *Author for correspondence
04. Sperm traits in relation to male amplexus position in the Omei treefrog Rhacophorus omeimontis , a species with group spawning

Correspondence: Wen Bo Liao (Liaobo_0_0@126.com) Sperm competition theory predicts that subordinate males may experience a higher intensity of sperm competition than dominant males if mating tactics are constant, resulting in larger testes, larger sperm and greater longevity. We tested if these predictions can be applied to the polyandrous Omei treefrog (Rhacophorus omeimontis). Our results showed that relative testes size did not differ between amplexed males and satellite males, indicating that satellite males might not show signs of higher intensity of sperm competition compared to amplexed counterparts. Sperm size and longevity did not differ significantly between amplexed males and satellite males. Sperm size and longevity were not significantly correlated with each other, and sperm size does not correlate with sperm competition intensity. Our findings suggest that mating position is not related to measures of sperm competition intensity in the Omei treefrog.
Sovereign Debt Ratchets and Welfare Destruction

We study an impatient, risk-neutral government that cannot commit to a particular debt path, financed by competitive lenders. In equilibrium, debt adjusts slowly toward a debt-to-income target, exacerbating booms and busts. Strikingly, gains from trade dissipate when trading is continuous, leaving the government no better off than in financial autarky, owing to a sovereign “debt ratchet effect. ” Moreover, citizens who are more patient than their government are strictly harmed. We characterize equilibrium debt dynamics, ergodics, and comparative statics when income follows a geometric Brownian motion and analyze devices that allow the sovereign to recapture gains from trade.
LORI: A Learning-to-Rank-Based Integration Method of Location Recommendation

Location recommendation method is an important application in a location-based social network. At present, it is a trend to integrate different recommendation methods since they have their own advantages in capturing different preferences of users and an integrated method can generally provide a better performance than every individual. However, the existing integration policies do not learn user preferences in their integration processes so that they cannot make full use of the advantage of each method. Therefore, we propose a novel integration method: learning-to-rank-based integration. In our method, a confidence coefficient is applied for each user in the integration process, and these coefficients can well optimize recommendation performance. A learning-to-rank-based algorithm is designed to train the confidence coefficients. A group of experiments are done on a real large-scale check-in data set, and the results demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art ones.
Design and control of capital goods service supply chains with additive manufacturing

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Exploration of jet substructure using iterative declustering in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at LHC energies

The ALICE collaboration at the CERN LHC reports novel measurements of jet substructure in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$= 7 TeV and central Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV. Jet substructure of track-based jets is explored via iterative declustering and grooming techniques. We present the measurement of the momentum sharing of two-prong substructure exposed via grooming, the $z_{\rm{g}}$, and its dependence on the opening angle, in both pp and Pb-Pb collisions. We also present the first measurement of the distribution of the number of branches obtained in the iterative declustering of the jet, which is interpreted as the number of its hard splittings. In Pb-Pb collisions, we observe a suppression of symmetric splittings at large opening angles and an enhancement of splittings at small opening angles relative to pp collisions, with no significant modification of the number of splittings. The results are compared to predictions from various Monte Carlo event generators to test the role of important concepts in the evolution of the jet in the medium such as color coherence.
The Development of English Language Skills Self-Efficacy Scale for Higher Education Students

The aim of this study is to develop the English language skills self-efficacy belief scale for higher education students. For this purpose, the trial form has got 48 items. In the fall semester of the 2017-2018 academic year, the trial form was applied to a total of 305 university students. Explanatory factor analysis was conducted to prove the construct validity of the developed scale. For the factor analysis of the data, it is shown that the data set is suitable for factor analysis as the KMO value is 0,96 and the Barlett test significance value is 0,000. The communality values to select items, factor loadings and item total correlations were examined in item selection. The scale is formed as four factors; reading, writing, speaking and listening, and a total of 29 items. In order to determine the appropriateness of the scale to the students of the same level, the scale was applied to 301 preparatory students in School of Foreign Languages of a university. As a result of confirmatory factor analysis, the scale of 22 items, the high item total correlations of the items forming the scale factors show the high structural validity of these scale items. In the confirmation study, the Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficients of the scales were 0,82 to 0,91. These values show that the scale provides reliable results, in other words, the scale correctly measures the students’ self-efficacy beliefs in 4 basic language skills.
Applying multiple decomposition methods and optimization techniques for achieving optimal cost in mixed materials heat exchanger networks

The optimization of the total annual cost in heat exchanger networks has been one of the overarching goals when synthesizing these networks. Several methodologies and techniques have been developed to achieve optimal costs in mixed material heat exchanger networks. This paper demonstrates the application of two decomposition methodologies (total decomposition and partial decomposition) for typical cost rules. The objective function was defined as the optimization and minimization of the total annual cost in mixed materials heat exchanger network. Three optimization algorithms, hybrid genetic‐particle swarm optimization (GA‐PSO), shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA) techniques, and ant colony optimization (ACO), were used to further optimize the total cost in mixed materials heat exchanger network. The results indicate that the total annual cost in partial decomposition method was smaller than that in full integration method and total decomposition method. The reduction of the total annual cost was about 27% for GA‐PSO algorithm, 24% for SFLA and 10% for ACO relative to the results reported in this work. In partial decomposition method, at least one mixed material of heat exchanger was used to reduce the hot and cold utility for decreasing the total annual cost. Partial decomposition method resulted in the highest reduction of the total annual cost compared with other methods. Percentage of difference of the total annual cost were 0.36%, 1.92%, and 5.05% for full integration, total decomposition, and partial decomposition methods, respectively, in comparison with the previous studies. Results have been compared with the results of other studies to demonstrate the accuracy of the applied algorithms.
Relationship between self-rated health status and physical activity in obese South Indian patients

Background: Regular physical activity can improve people's overall health and reduce various risks for morbidity and mortality due to a sedentary lifestyle. Although the evidence linking obesity with many chronic diseases is well established, the relationship with self-rated health is not clear. The study aimed to assess the relationship between physical activity and self-rated health and how it is related to obesity.Methods: The cross-sectional study included 132 individuals above18 years, of both genders, with BMI above 25kg/m2. Data was collected using a structured proforma which included apart from demographic parameters, anthropometry parameters, self-reported physical activity, health status and stress levels of the subjects. Chi-square test/Fisher's exact test was used to assess the association between BMI, physical activity and self-rated health.Results: A total of 132 subjects were included with a mean age of 48.44±11.23 years, with an almost equal proportion of males and females. The mean of BMI was 29.54±3.99. Most of them reported having normal physical activity (61.36%) with only 3% of them having high physical activity. The self-rated health of the subjects revealed 45.45% of them is having fair health and 43.18% of them having poor health. The mean a number of hours spent by sitting/sedentary activity in a week were 32.32±21.09. Conclusions: The study findings revealed that the irrespective of the degree of physical activity both overweight and obese subjects rated their health fair to poor.
The Design and Application of a Track-type Autonomous Inspection Robot for Electrical Distribution Room

Summary Electrical distribution equipment inspection is crucial for the electric power industry. With the rapid increase in the number of electrical distribution rooms, an unattended inspection method, for example, autonomous inspection robot, is eagerly desired by the industry to make up for the deficiencies of traditional manual inspection in effectiveness and validity. Existing inspection robots designed for indoor substations are generally lack of practicality, due to the factors such as inspection requirements and robot weight. To bridge the gap between prototype and practicality, in this work, we design the first completely autonomous robotic system, LongSword, which provides a satisfying technical solution for equipment inspection with an optical zoom camera, a thermal imaging camera or a partial discharge detector. Firstly, we design a novel and flexible hardware architecture which allows the robot to move, lift, and rotate in the station to reach any desired position. Secondly, we develop an intelligent software framework which consists of several modules to achieve accurate equipment recognition and reliable failure diagnosis. Thirdly, we achieve an apposite integration of the existing technologies to implement an applicable robotic system that can fulfill the requirements of indoor equipment inspection. There are over 200 LongSwords currently serving about 160 electrical distribution rooms, some of which have been working for more than 1 year. The average precision of device status recognition is up to 99.70%, and the average inspection time of a single device is as short as 13.5 s. The feedback from workers shows that LongSword can significantly improve the efficiency and reliability of equipment inspection, which accelerates the process of setting up unmanned stations.
Quantifying organic matter and functional groups in particulate matter filter samples from the southeastern United States, part I: Methods

Abstract. Comprehensive techniques to describe the organic composition of atmospheric aerosol are needed to elucidate pollution sources, gain insights into atmospheric chemistry and evaluate changes in air quality. Fourier Transform Infrared absorption (FT-IR) spectrometry can be used to characterize atmospheric organic matter (OM) and its composition via functional groups on aerosol filter samples in air monitoring networks and research campaigns. We have built FT-IR spectrometry functional group calibration models that improve upon previous work. Laboratory standards that simulated the breadth of the absorbing functional groups in atmospheric OM were made: particles of relevant chemicals were first generated, collected, and analyzed. Challenges of collecting atmospherically relevant particles and spectra were addressed by including interferences of particle water and other inorganic aerosol constituents and exploring the spectral effects of inter-molecular interactions. Calibration models of functional groups were then constructed using partial least squares (PLS) regression and the collected laboratory standard data. These models were used to quantify concentrations of five organic functional groups and OM in eight years of ambient aerosol samples from the southeastern aerosol research and characterization (SEARCH) network. The results agreed with values estimated using other methods, including thermal optical reflectance (TOR) organic carbon (OC; R2 = 0.74) and OM calculated as a difference between total aerosol mass and inorganic species concentrations (R2 = 0.82). Comparisons with previous calibration models of the same type demonstrate that this new, more complete suite of chemicals has improved our ability to estimate oxygenated functional group and overall OM concentrations. Calculated characteristic and elemental ratios including OM/OC, O/C and H/C agree with those from previous work in the southeastern US, substantiating the aerosol composition described by FT-IR calibration. The median OM/OC ratio over all sites and years was 2.1 ± 0.2. Further results discussing temporal and spatial trends of functional group composition within the SEARCH network will be published in a forthcoming article.
The Deep-Sea Tortugas Shipwreck, Florida:: Technology

Between 1989 and 1991 Seahawk Deep Ocean Technology of Tampa, Florida, conducted the world’s first robotic excavation of a deep-sea shipwreck, in this case lost in 405m off the Tortugas Islands in the Florida Keys, USA. The study of this merchant vessel from the 1622 Spanish Tierra Firme fleet required the development of cutting-edge technological solutions ranging from an appropriate research ship to a sophisticated Remotely-Operated Vehicle. The latter was custom-tooled with a specialized pump and suction system, which included a limpet device to lift delicate artifacts and a Sediment Removal and Filtration (SeRF) filtering unit to save small finds recovered during the extraction of sediment spoil. The Tortugas shipwreck’s technology package successfully enabled 16,903 artifacts to be recorded and safely recovered.