Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classical and quantum-mechanical scaling of ionization from excited hydrogen atoms in single-cycle THz pulses

Excited atoms, or nanotip surfaces, exposed to strong single-cycle terahertz radiation emit electrons with energies strongly dependent on the characteristics of the initial state. Here we consider scaling properties of the ionization probability and electron momenta of H(nd) atoms exposed to a single-cycle pulse of duration 0.5–5 ps, with n = 9,12,15. Results from three-dimensional quantum and classical calculations are in good agreement for long pulse lengths, independent of pulse strength. However, differences appear when the two approaches are compared at the most detailed level of density distributions. For the longest pulse lengths a mixed power law, n-scaling relation, αn−4 + (1 − α)n−3 is shown to hold. Our quantum calculations show that the scaling relation puts its imprint on the momentum distribution of the ionized electrons as well: By multiplying the emitted electron momenta of varying initial n level with the appropriate scaling factor the spectra fall onto a common momentum range. Furthermore, the characteristic momenta of emitted electrons from a fixed n level are proportional to the pulse strength of the driving field.
Molecular Targeting Therapy and Biomarker for Advanced Gastric Cancer

In recent years, various molecular target agents have been investigated for gastric cancer. Main targets are HER family pathway, angiogenesis system and PI3K-Akt-mTOR intracellular signaling system. The anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab was shown to prolong the survival of patients with HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer, and is approved by the treatment in advanced gastric cancer. On the other hand, the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab could not show survival benefit despite certain effect in progression-free survival and response rate. mTOR inhibitor everolimus showed disease control rate of 54.7% in patients with previously treated gastric cancer in a Japanese phase II trial. However, subsequent global phase III trial, GRANITE-1, which compare everolimus with placebo, could not meet its primary endpoint of overall survival. Recent REAL-III trial also could not show survival benefit of EGFR antibody panitumumab. These three negative phase III trials strongly suggest the importance of developing biomarkers to predict the effectiveness of each agent.
Teager energy enhancement base on polar coordinates at angular domain and feature extraction of bearing’s early fault

Unstable signal under variable rotation speed condition can expose bearing’s weak fault feature more obviously, a method of Teager energy enhancement base on polar coordinates at angular domain (TEEPAD) is proposed in this paper to analyze the unstable signal and extract single or concurrent fault of bearing’s early failure. Firstly, order analysis is selected to resample the unstable signal in time domain to stationary signal in angular domain, then Teager energy operator of stationary signal in angular domain is calculated and projected on the polar coordinates plane to enhance the fault feature. Analysis result of actual signal shows that single or concurrent fault feature of bearing’s early failure is effectively extracted by TEEPAD, and the other components having different periods or random noise are restrained synchronously.
Choreographing Strategy: An Exploration into Middle Managers’ Embodied Interaction

Orchestra conductors are concerned with the collective emotions of their organization. Conductors influence emotions in a visual, embodied and open way in order to create a common understanding of goals. Zooming out to other organizations we face the question: are there specific techniques through which organizational members, like conductors, manage emotions? More specifically, what is the role of the human body in the emotions experienced during strategy work? If organizational strategies are embodied in managers who have risen to the top while pursuing a particular set of strategic initiatives, then in what way are strategies embodied in these managers?
Towards a standardized processing of Net Ecosystem Exchange measured with eddy covariance technique: algorithms and uncertainty estimation

Abstract. Eddy covariance technique to measure CO2, water and energy fluxes between biosphere and atmosphere is widely spread and used in various regional networks. Currently more than 250 eddy covariance sites are active around the world measuring carbon exchange at high temporal resolution for different biomes and climatic conditions. In this paper a new standardized set of corrections is introduced and the uncertainties associated with these corrections are assessed for eight different forest sites in Europe with a total of 12 yearly datasets. The uncertainties introduced on the two components GPP (Gross Primary Production) and TER (Terrestrial Ecosystem Respiration) are also discussed and a quantitative analysis presented. Through a factorial analysis we find that generally, uncertainties by different corrections are additive without interactions and that the heuristic u*-correction introduces the largest uncertainty. The results show that a standardized data processing is needed for an effective comparison across biomes and for underpinning inter-annual variability. The methodology presented in this paper has also been integrated in the European database of the eddy covariance measurements.
Magnetic Fe2O3–Al2O3 composites prepared by a modified wet impregnation method

Fe2O3–Al2O3 composites were prepared by interaction of acetic acid vapors with iron oxides dispersed on the surface of a sol–gel derived porous alumina. Upon pyrolysis the created iron acetate species were transformed to magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. The atmosphere which is used during the synthetic procedure affects significantly the nature of the nanoparticles which could be either γ-Fe2O3 or magnetite, or non-magnetic such as α-Fe2O3. X-Ray diffraction, surface area measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for the structural characterization and determination of the sorption properties of the composite material properties. The development of magnetic phases decreases the specific surface area of alumina by seeding of the alumina particles and, in parallel, the coverage of their free surface. Mossbauer spectroscopy, magnetic measurements and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provide evidence for the formation, size and type of magnetic iron oxide phases.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia — Microenvironment and B Cells

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been considered as an accumulative disease deriving from defects in apoptosis, but recent studies showed that CLL is a dynamic process in which monoclonal B cells proliferate within pseudofollicular proliferation centers. Microenvironmental interactions are essential for the survival and prolifera‐ tion of CLL cells. The cell traffic between blood and secondary lymphoid tissues is controlled by tissue-specific chemokines and their specific receptors on B lympho‐ cytes. Interstitial cell migration and adhesion events, predisposed by activational stimuli, determine CLL cell localization. Stimulation through the B cell receptor plays an important role in the expansion of the malignant clone in CLL. B cell receptors become activated either in an antigen-dependent or in an antigen-independent fashion in the secondary lymphatic tissues. However, low expression of the BCR correlates with reduced induction of protein tyrosine kinase activity and defective intracellular calcium mobilization and tyrosine phosphorylation. In contrast to normal B cells, leukemic cells are poor antigen presenting cells. This is due to the fact that leukemic cells have a reduced expression of costimulatory molecules and defects in the formation of immunological synapse with T cells. Increased surface expression of the costimulatory molecules on CLL cells correlates with their proliferation. At present, conventional treatments are not directed to interactions between CLL cells and their microenvironment, which is probably one of the reasons why, despite the significant progress in treatment, the disease still remains incurable. In this regard, identifying key biomarkers of intercellular interactions of neoplastic CLL population in comparison with clinical laboratory abnormalities in CLL enable clarification of essential processes in the development of the disease, and can be the basis for © 2015 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. stratifying patient groups in order to optimize therapeutic approaches, which will make them relevant and promising.
Experiments with syllable-based English-Zulu alignment

As a morphologically complex language, Zulu has notable challenges aligning with English. One of the biggest concerns for statistical machine translation is the fact that the morphological complexity leads to a large number of words for which there exist very few examples in a corpus. To address the problem, we set about establishing an experimental baseline for lexical alignment by naively dividing the Zulu text into syllables, resembling its morphemes. A small quantitative as well as a more thorough qualitative evaluation suggests that our approach has merit, although certain issues remain. Although we have not yet determined the effect of this approach on machine translation, our first experiments suggest that an aligned parallel corpus with reasonable alignment accuracy can be created for a language pair, one of which is under-resourced, in as little as a few days. Furthermore, since very little language-specific knowledge was required for this task, our approach can almost certainly be applied to other language pairs and perhaps for other tasks as well.
Development and evaluation of a novel TaqMan fluorescence probe-based real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay for detection and quantification of West Nile virus

In order to improve and accelerate the detection of West Nile virus (WNV), a rapid and specific real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rtRT-PCR) was established. Primers and probe were designed according to the conservative sequence of capsid protein gene of WNV. Tenfold successive dilutions of positive WNV DNA were used to measure the sensitivity of rtRT-PCR. The amplifying curve showed that this method could successfully amplify 10 1 copies/μl WNV gene, while reference to Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and blank control were all negative. The assay system showed high reproducibility with coefficient of variation (CV) < 2%. The detection of WNV can be completed within 2 to 3 h. By detecting cDNA samples (n = 55) with rtRT-PCR and the conventional PCR assay, the established rtRT-PCR showed 96.36% (37 + 16/55) coincidence rate with the conventional PCR. All the results showed that the newly established rtRT-PCR assay was shown to be a rapid, sensitive and specific test for detecting WNV.
Coherence enhanced quantum metrology in a nonequilibrium optical molecule

We explore the quantum metrology in an optical molecular system coupled to two environments with different temperatures, using a quantum master equation beyond secular approximation. We discover that the steady-state coherence originating from and sustained by the nonequilibrium condition can enhance quantum metrology. We also study the quantitative measures of the nonequilibrium condition in terms of the curl flux, heat current and entropy production at the steady state. They are found to grow with temperature difference. However, an apparent paradox arises considering the contrary behaviors of the steady-state coherence and the nonequilibrium measures in relation to the inter-cavity coupling strength. This paradox is resolved by decomposing the heat current into a population part and a coherence part. Only the latter, the coherence part of the heat current, is tightly connected to the steady-state coherence and behaves similarly with respect to the inter-cavity coupling strength. Interestingly, the coherence part of the heat current flows from the low-temperature reservoir to the high-temperature reservoir, opposite to the direction of the population heat current. Our work offers a viable way to enhance quantum metrology for open quantum systems through steady-state coherence sustained by the nonequilibrium condition, which can be controlled and manipulated to maximize its utility. The potential applications go beyond quantum metrology and extend to areas such as device designing, quantum computation and quantum technology in general.
Power and knowledge-building in teacher inquiry: negotiating interpersonal and ideational difference

Professional collaboration in schools features prominently in contemporary approaches to educational change. Advocates highlight the importance of situated knowledge to continuous teacher learning, sustained school reform and improved student learning. Critics portray collaboration as an invisible and coercive means of official control. The framework presented in this paper aims to treat these perspectives not as ideological positions but as starting points for empirical investigation into the dynamics of power in professional collaboration. The framework draws on social semiotic theories of language and functional linguistics to portray the ways in which the development of ideas and the development of social relations – ideational and interpersonal meaning – move in concert. Excerpts from an in-depth study of interaction among science teachers and teacher-leaders in a secondary school undergoing broad reform illustrate the application of this framework. Attention to the dynamics of support and challenge in the most generative of these interactions reveals distinctive patterns of the negotiation of interpersonal and ideational meaning. These patterns of control provide a means of connecting the microprocesses of building knowledge with the broader dynamics of power at play in educational change.
Parametric Study of Heat Characteristics of Fluid in Cylindrical Parabolic Concentrating Solar Collector.

This paper presents a numerical investigation of heat transfer characteristics of fluid in Cylindrical Parabolic Concentrating Solar Collector in Ogbomoso Climatic Conditions (lat 8 o 01 I , long 4 o 11 I ). The parametric studies were conducted to investigate the effects of twist tape ratio, H /D in different fluids and length on the system performance as function of instantaneous efficiency in order to obtain the optimum performance of the system. A computer simulation program written in C++ language was developed to study the effect of Reynold numbers (Re) from 2,000 to 12,000 for the fixed value of incident solar insolation flux (Ib) of 186 W/m 2 on the system thermal performance, Nusselt number (Nu) as a function of Reynolds number (Re) rate with variable tape twist factor (X = H/Di) for different Prandtl number, Pr in the range of 0.0001 > 1). The results show that oil has highest heat transfer characteristics, Nusselt number values both with and without tape twist factor. It is observed that tape twist factor enhances the heat transfer characteristics of the fluids in cylindrical parabolic concentrating solar collector. The higher value of heat transfer characteristics is obtained with Nusselt number (Nutw) having tape twist factor (X = H/Di: 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15) in all the fluids considered. It is observed that performance of the cylindrical parabolic trough collector with twisted tape has been enhanced appreciably. These results can guild practicing engineers and designers in the evaluation of the existing real systems and design of future system.
Advanced Mobile Surveillance System for Multiple People Tracking

The paper develops an efficient people surveillance system capable of tracking multiple people on different terrains. Recorded video on rough terrains is affected by jitters resulting into significant error between the desired and captured video flow. Video stabilization is achieved by calculating the motion and compensational parameters using the LSE analytical solution to minimize the error between present and desired output video captured from an autonomous robot's camera moving on a rough terrain used for surveillance of unidentified people. This is the first paper to the best of our knowledge which makes use of this method to design mobile wireless robot for human surveillance applications. As the method used is fast then conventional methods, making the proposed system a highly efficient surveillance system as compared to previous systems. The superiority of the method used is demonstrated using different evaluation parameters like RMCD, variability and reliability. The system can be used for surveillance of people under different environmental conditions.
Contamination in an Arctic Environment : Abiotic and Biotic Impacts of Local Pollution

III SAMMENDRAG . V TABLE OF CONTENTS . VII 1 BACKGROUND AND THEORY . 1 1.1 POLLUTION . 1 1.2 POLLUTION ON SVALBARD . 1 1.3 COAL . 3 1.3. 1 Coal industry, Longyearbyen. 3 1.3. 1.1 Coal mining . 5 1.3. 1.2 Coal power plant . 5 1.3. 1.3 Chemical elements related to coal mining and combustion . 6 1.4 CHEMICAL ELEMENT TOXICITY . 6 1.5 BIOMONITORING . 7 1.6 SOIL . 8 1.7 MOSSES . 8 1.8 INSECTS AND SPIDERS. 9 1.9 FEATHERS FROM SNOW BUNTING NESTLINGS . 10 1.10 AIM OF STUDY . 11 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 13 2.1 SAMPLING OF SOIL, MOSSES, INSECTS/SPIDERS AND FEATHERS FROM SNOW BUNTING NESTLINGS . 13 2.2 ELEMENT ANALYSES . 14 2.3 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS . 15 3 RESULTS . 17 4 DISCUSSION . 25 4.1 MULTIPLE POLLUTION SOURCES AND TOPOGRAPHY . 27 4.1.1 Station 1 . 27 4.1.2 Station 10 . 28 4.1.3 Station 12 and 13 . 29 4.1.4 Station 15 . 30 4.1.5 Station 17 . 30 4.1.6 Station 18 . 31 4.2 LIMITATIONS IN SAMPLE MATERIALS . 32 4.2.1 Soil.32 4.2.2 Mosses . 32 4.2.3 Insects and spiders . 33 4.2. 4 Feathers . 33 4.2. 5 Comparison of concentrations of elements to other areas . 35
Determination of the Solubility of Tin in Indium Oxide Using In Situ and Ex Situ X‐Ray Diffraction

A novel approach to determine the thermodynamic solubility of tin in indium oxide via the exsolution from tin overdoped nano-ITO powders is presented. High-energy, in situ and ex situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction was utilized to study the solubility limit at temperatures ranging from 900°C to 1375°C. The tin exsolution from overdoped nanopowders and the formation of In4Sn3O12 were observed in situ during the first 4–48 h of high-temperature treatment. Samples annealed between 900°C and 1175°C were also studied ex situ with heat treatments for up to 2060 h. Structural results obtained from Rietveld analysis include compositional phase analysis, atomic positions, and lattice parameters. The tin solubility in In2O3 was determined using the phase analysis compositions from X-ray diffraction and the elemental compositions obtained from X-ray fluorescence. Experimental complications that can lead to incorrect tin solubility values in the literature are discussed.
Effects of Smoking and Freezing on the Nutritive Value of African Mud Catfish, Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822

Post-harvest loss of fish is a major factor of economic and protein wastages in the developing countries. In this study, the effects of two common methods of preservation, smoking and freezing on the nutritive value of the African mud catfish, Clarias gariepinus were determined. Live samples of C. gariepinus were obtained from the fish farm of the Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria, and were transported to the laboratory of the Department. One portion of the harvested fish was smoked, using a smoking kiln (model: ELC 1600) at 60-70 o C for 24 hours and stored in a polythene bag for further use. Another batch of C. gariepinus was preserved immediately after harvest in the freezer (Haier Thermocool, BD-428A) at less than -0 o C for 20 days. The third batch of the live fish was sacrificed immediately and prepared for biochemical analysis. The proximate compositions of the fish samples were determined according to AOAC (1995). The percentage moisture, protein, lipid, ash, crude fibre and carbohydrate contents obtained in the smoked fish samples were statistically different (P > 0.05) to the fresh fish samples (control). Similarly, there were significant differences in the percentage protein, lipid and crude fibre values in the frozen fish samples when compared to the fresh fish samples but there were no significant changes (P < 0.05) in the moisture, ash and carbohydrate contents of the frozen fish samples in comparison to the control. The proximate values of the frozen fish evoked significant differences in comparison to the smoked samples except in the crude fibre and lipid contents. Phosphorous content was highest in the smoked fish samples and lowest in the fresh fish samples while the values of iron, potassium and vitamin C contents were generally low in all the samples. Smoking demonstrated a better efficient method of fish processing in terms of the retention of protein value and reduction in the moisture content. The information obtained in this study could be useful to fish consumers, processors and nutritionists in the efficient management of fish resources.
Evaluation of motor speech disorders by acoustic analysis: differential diagnosis and monitoring of medical intervention

Although rehabilitative training is a necessary adjunct in the management of gait ataxia, it remains unknown whether the possible beneficial effect of intensive coordinative training may translate to activities of daily living, which are closely connected with postural alignment. The aim of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of a 2-week intensive coordinative motor training on speech production. Speech and motor performances in a cohort of ten individuals with cerebellar degeneration were examined three times; before the introduction of training, directly and 4 weeks after the last training session. Each patient was instructed to perform a speaking task of fast syllable repetition and monologue. Objective acoustic analyses were used to investigate six key aspects of speech production disturbed in ataxic dysarthria including accuracy of consonant articulation, accuracy of vowel articulation, irregular alternating motion rates, prolonged phonemes, slow alternating motion rates and inappropriate segmentation. We found that coordinative training had a mild beneficial effect on speech in cerebellar patients. Immediately after the last training session, slight speech improvements were evident in all ten patients. Furthermore, follow-up assessment performed 4 weeks later revealed that 90 % of the patients showed better speech performance than before initiation of the therapy. The present study supports evidence that the intensive rehabilitative training may positively affect finemotor movements such as speech in patients with cerebellar ataxia.
Review on the most popular anaerobic digester models in the Mekong Delta

In Vietnam, the research and application of biogas technology were given a considerable attention in past 30 years. There is several biogas plant models apply in the suburban and rural areas where most people’s life is based on animal husbandry. Each biogas plant model own strong points or weakness that adapt to detail circumstances. The biogas plants play a key role within the VACB farming system especially in the Mekong Delta where produce more than 50% of yearly national agriculture production. This paper gives a comprehensive overview on the popular biogas models in the Mekong Delta through its development history. Knowing on the presented biogas technology in the Mekong Delta will lead the biogas-related organizations or private on biogas development at this region.