Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermalization of a pump-excited Mott insulator

We use nonequilibrium dynamical mean-field theory in combination with a recently implemented strong-coupling impurity solver to investigate the relaxation of a Mott insulator after a laser excitation with frequency comparable to the Hubbard gap. The time evolution of the double occupancy exhibits a crossover from a strongly damped transient at short times towards an exponential thermalization at long times. In the limit of strong interactions, the thermalization time is consistent with the exponentially small decay rate for artificially created doublons, which was measured in ultracold atomic gases. When the interaction is comparable to the bandwidth, on the other hand, the double occupancy thermalizes within a few times the inverse bandwidth along a rapid thermalization path in which the exponential tail is absent. Similar behavior can be observed in time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Our results show that a simple quasi-equilibrium description of the electronic state breaks down for pump-excited Mott insulators characterized by strong interactions.
Phase transition for black holes in dilatonic Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory of gravitation

We study the thermodynamic properties of a black hole and the Hawking-Page phase transition in the asymptotically anti–de Sitter spacetime in the dilatonic Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory of gravitation. We show how the higher-order curvature terms can influence both the thermodynamic properties and the phase transition. We evaluate both heat capacity and free energy difference to determine the local and global thermodynamic stabilities, respectively. We find that the phase transition occurs from the thermal anti–de Sitter to a small spherical black hole geometry and occurs to a hyperbolic black hole geometry in the (dilatonic) Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory of gravitation unlike those in Einstein’s theory of gravitation.
Identifying Differential Scheduling Plans for Microgrid Operations Under Diverse Uncertainties

To satisfy the differential operation requirements of microgrids under the nominal and uncertain scenarios, a novel three-stage close-looped robust optimization (TSCL-RO) method is proposed to obtain more practical scheduling plans. In the first stage, the fixed startup and shutdown plans are identified considering both the cutting planes from the nominal and uncertain scenarios. According to the startup/shutdown schemes, the decision-making of the basic flexible plans under the nominal scenario is performed to minimize the operation cost in the second stage considering the second-order cone relaxed distflow model. To confront the disturbances from the power and N-k uncertainties, the basic flexible variables are revised to capture the worst-case scenario via a max-min bi-level optimization in the third stage, and the derived results are returned as feasibility cuts to preserve the robustness of the fixed plans. To solve this intractable TSCL-RO model proficiently, a tailored bi-layer chaining decomposition algorithm is further devised to handle the resulting multi-level mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MISOCP) via alternate iterations. Finally, numerical simulations verify the applicability and superiority of the investigated TSCL-RO model and the decomposition algorithm.
Optical simulation of the Yang-Baxter equation

In this paper, several proposals of optically simulating Yang-Baxter equations have been presented. Motivated by the recent development of anyon theory, we apply Temperley-Lieb algebra as a bridge to recast a four-dimensional Yang-Baxter equation into its two-dimensional counterpart. In accordance with both representations, we find the corresponding linear-optical simulations, based on the highly efficient optical elements. Both the degrees of freedom of photon polarization and location are utilized as the qubit basis, in which the unitary Yang-Baxter matrices are decomposed into a combination of actions of basic optical elements.
Improved performance and longevity of large volume thallium bromide devices

Thallium bromide (TlBr) is a promising material for room temperature gamma radiation detection due to its high density, high atomic number, and wide bandgap. Additionally, TlBr has a cubic crystal structure and melts congruently at a relatively low temperature. Advances in material purification, crystal growth and device processing have led to improved material quality including a significant increase in the mobility-lifetime product of electrons in TlBr. This has enabled single carrier collection devices with thicknesses of 1 cm and beyond. The arrays have been flip-chip bonded to carrier boards using a low temperature curing conductive polymer. In this paper we report on results from planar and pixelated devices. Planar TlBr devices with dimensions of 12 mm × 12 mm × 7 mm exhibit an energy resolution ranging from 3% to 5% FWHM at 662 keV when using a shaping time of 2 s. The energy resolution in planar devices improves with a reduction of the shaping timing consistent with the expected amelioration of the depth dependence. The 1-cm thick pixelated arrays, with a pitch of 1.72 mm, produce an energy resolution in the anode spectrum ranging from 1.8% to 4.4%, without applying depth corrections. This work presents spectra from a selected pixel for 133Ba and 57Co irradiation. Measurements of the room-temperature stability of the planar and pixelated detectors show that the position of the 662-keV photopeak is stable over a period of ~200 days, but the shape of the photopeak in the anode spectra exhibits small changes. These detectors show promise for applications in radio-isotope identification devices and for medical imaging.
Simultaneous Polarization Measurement and High-Resolution Imaging Algorithm Inspired by Bat Sound Waveform

The acquisition and utilization of polarization information is an open topic because polarization plays a significant role in many fields, such as radar target detection, classification, recognition, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging, anti-jamming, etc. Inspired by the bat sound waveform and combined with the properties of the stepped linear frequency modulation (SLFM) signal, in this article, a novel polarization waveform, namely, simultaneous SLFM (SSLFM), which can be used for small airborne and spaceborne polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) platform, is proposed. Moreover, a method based on the SSLFM signal is proposed to realize simultaneous polarization measurement and double high-resolution imaging. It is demonstrated that the method can better make use of the polarization information of echoes and obtain a better imaging effect. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified by simulation experiments.
Cross Sections for the Astrophysical Neutron Radiative Capture on 12C and 13C Nuclei

Within the potential cluster model with Pauli forbidden states the possibility of description of the experimental data on the total radiative n12C- and n13C-capture cross sections in the astrophysical energy range from 25 meV to 1.0 MeV is presented. The E1-transition covers the capture data from the scattering states to the ground one of 13C and 14C nuclei. Capture on the three low laying excited states 1/2+, 3/2- and 5/2+ of 13C was calculated.
One of the most massive stars in the Galaxy may have formed in isolation

Very massive stars, 100 times heavier than the sun, are rare. It is not yet known whether such stars can form in isolation or only in star clusters. The answer to this question is of fundamental importance. The central region of our Galaxy is ideal for investigating very massive stars and clusters located in the same environment. We used archival infrared images to investigate the surroundings of apparently isolated massive stars presently known in the Galactic Centre (GC). We find that two such isolated massive stars display bow shocks and hence may be 'runaways' from their birthplace. Thus, some isolated massive stars in the GC region might have been born in star clusters known in this region. However, no bow shock is detected around the isolated star WR 102ka (Peony nebula star), which is one of the most massive and luminous stars in the Galaxy. This star is located at the centre of an associated circumstellar nebula. To study whether a star cluster may be 'hidden' in the surroundings of WR 102ka, to obtain new and better spectra of this star, and to measure its radial velocity, we obtained observations with the integral-field spectrograph SINFONI at the ESO's Very Large Telescope. Our observations confirm that WR 102ka is one of the most massive stars in the Galaxy and reveal that this star is not associated with a star cluster. We suggest that WR 102ka has been born in relative isolation, outside of any massive star cluster.
Ab Initio Simulation of Complex Dielectric Function for Dense Aluminum Plasma

We present calculations of frequency‐dependent complex dielectric function of dense aluminum plasma by quantum molecular dynamics method for temperatures up to 20 kK. Analysis shows that the dependencies for real and imaginary parts can be interpolated by the Drude formula with two effective parameters: the mean charge of ions and the effective frequency of collisions. The rise of these parameters with temperature deviates from simple theoretical predictions (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
THE MEDIATING ROLE OF CO-PRODUCTION IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND SERVICE INNOVATION

Service innovation has become increasingly important in recent years due to the competitive advantage it provides to companies operating in the service industry. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the factors that affect service innovation. In the few studies conducted on different sectors, the relationship between co-production and IT and service innovation has been tried to be tested separately. In this study, the mediating role of coproduction in the effect of information technologies on service innovation in the tourism sector has been investigated. In this way, it will contribute to the literature by investigating the effect of IT (directly and indirectly) and co-production (directly) on service innovation in the tourism sector. In the study data collected from 222 hotel managers were firstly subjected to validity and reliability analysis. Then, mediation analysis was applied within the scope of hypothesis tests. According to the results obtained, coproduction has a mediating role in this relationship. In the study, it was concluded that the IT capabilities of the hotels enable them to create service innovations through production together with online travel agencies.
Constraining Models of Dark Energy

One of the great endeavors of the past decade has been the evaluation of different observational techniques for measuring dark energy properties and of theoretical techniques for constraining models of cosmic acceleration given cosmological data. This chapter reviews a few of the key developments, promises, and cautions for revealing dark energy. We also present a few new calculations, on direct detection of acceleration through redshift drift, the minimum uncertainty in the equation of state, and testing gravity.
Chromium Cycling in Redox‐Stratified Basins Challenges δ53Cr Paleoredox Proxy Applications

Chromium stable isotope composition (δ53Cr) is a promising tracer for redox conditions throughout Earth's history; however, the geochemical controls of δ53Cr have not been assessed in modern redox‐stratified basins. We present new chromium (Cr) concentration and δ53Cr data in dissolved, sinking particulate, and sediment samples from the redox‐stratified Lake Cadagno (Switzerland), a modern Proterozoic ocean analog. These data demonstrate isotope fractionation during incomplete (non‐quantitative) reduction and removal of Cr above the chemocline, driving isotopically light Cr accumulation in euxinic deep waters. Sediment authigenic Cr is isotopically distinct from overlying waters but comparable to average continental crust. New and published data from other redox‐stratified basins show analogous patterns. This challenges assumptions from δ53Cr paleoredox applications that quantitative Cr reduction and removal limits isotope fractionation. Instead, fractionation from non‐quantitative Cr removal leads to sedimentary records offset from overlying waters and not reflecting high δ53Cr from oxidative continental weathering.
No evidence of direct peer influence in upper-secondary track choice—evidence from Hungary

ABSTRACT This paper investigates direct peer influence in upper-secondary track choice in the stratified and selective Hungarian educational system and makes two contributions to the literature. First, it tests both peer-contrasting and peer-conforming influences by considering peers’ GPA and endogenous educational choices. Second, the paper investigates mechanisms behind peer-conforming educational choices (such as peers’ normative pressure and information potential), with a focus on two structurally different peer relationships: self-selected friends and randomly assigned deskmates. The study uses a unique dataset that merges administrative data with randomized field experiment data. The results show no evidence of peer influence, after accounting for unobserved classroom homogeneity. Within the classroom, peers’ ability did not decrease, and peers’ ambitious endogenous educational choices did not increase students’ own choice of the academic upper-secondary track. Concerning the mechanisms of peer-conforming educational choices, the results reveal that peers’ informational potential (but not their normative pressure) might be the mechanism that drives students to conform to peers’ choices. Thus, the absence of peer influence may contribute to the reproduction of pre-existing social inequalities in upper-secondary track choices since peer influence cannot derail students’ socially determined educational choices in Hungary.
Quantum Computing for Applications in Data Fusion

Quantum computing promises significant improvements of computation capabilities in various fields, such as machine learning and complex optimization problems. Rapid technological advancements suggest that adiabatic and gate base quantum computing may see practical applications in the near future. In this work, we adopt quantum computing paradigms to develop solvers for two well-known combinatorial optimization problems in information fusion and resource management: 1) multitarget data association and weapon target assignment. These problems are NP-hard (non)linear integer programming optimization tasks, which become computationally expensive for large problem sizes. We derive the problem formulations adapted for the use in quantum algorithms and present solvers based on adiabatic quantum computing and the quantum approximative optimization algorithm. The feasibility of the models is demonstrated by numerical simulation and first experiments on quantum hardware.
Energy Efficiency Optimization in U2U Multicast Networks: A Hypergraph-Based Matching Approach

The energy issue of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has received unprecedented attention recently. UAV-to-UAV multicast technology reduces transmit power through neighbor transmission, which is critical for saving energy and reducing information redundancy. This article investigates an energy efficiency optimization problem of the base station-UAVs system with the heterogeneous requirements of UAVs. The optimization problem is modelled as a weighted directed hypergraph matching game based on group preference, which is proven to achieve stable results. To address the topological change problem of UAV networks, a fast convergence algorithm is proposed in this article, which exhibits high stability when small fluctuations appear in the UAV topology. The proposed algorithm integrates the potential matching algorithm and local search, by which no-quota deferred acceptance can be realized. Compared with existing algorithms, the proposed algorithm improves throughput per energy consumption by more than 20%.
Comparison of thermal and fast neutron computed tomography of complex objects by additive manufacturing and electrical discharge machining

Neutron radiography and computed tomography may be used to investigate internal structures of complex multi-material objects nondestructively. Thermal neutrons are more effective at producing high-contrast radiographs of objects composed of elements with relatively low atomic numbers (Z). A capability to produce high-quality CT reconstructions from both thermal and fast neutron computed tomography (nCT) using a lens-coupled imaging was demonstrated using various Additively Manufactured (AM’d) and Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) phantoms, with layers and distinct features, made with intentional voids and out of high- and low-Z elements.
EMISSION FROM WATER VAPOR AND ABSORPTION FROM OTHER GASES AT 5–7.5 μm IN SPITZER-IRS SPECTRA OF PROTOPLANETARY DISKS

We present spectra of 13 T Tauri stars in the Taurus-Auriga star-forming region showing emission in Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Spectrograph 5–7.5 μm spectra from water vapor and absorption from other gases in these stars' protoplanetary disks. Seven stars' spectra show an emission feature at 6.6 μm due to the ν2 = 1–0 bending mode of water vapor, with the shape of the spectrum suggesting water vapor temperatures >500 K, though some of these spectra also show indications of an absorption band, likely from another molecule. This water vapor emission contrasts with the absorption from warm water vapor seen in the spectrum of the FU Orionis star V1057 Cyg. The other 6 of the 13 stars have spectra showing a strong absorption band, peaking in strength at 5.6–5.7 μm, which for some is consistent with gaseous formaldehyde (H2CO) and for others is consistent with gaseous formic acid (HCOOH). There are indications that some of these six stars may also have weak water vapor emission. Modeling of these stars' spectra suggests these gases are present in the inner few AU of their host disks, consistent with recent studies of infrared spectra showing gas in protoplanetary disks.
Moral Dimensions of Offsetting Luxury Emissions

ABSTRACT This essay addresses moral aspects of using carbon offsets for counteracting individuals’ luxury emissions. After introducing and outlining the main topics and terms related to carbon offsetting, this essay answers three objections that have been levied against carbon offsetting: objections from the indulgences analogy, objections from the directness of the duty not to harm, and separateness objections. The essay argues that advocates for offsetting have resources to defend against these criticisms by pointing to particularities of individual emissions’ harmfulness, as well as the preemptive nature of offsetting. The essay then shows that in spite of these defenses there is reason to regard not emitting as a better option because of a host of problems that plague offsetting in its current forms. The essay concludes that offsetting enhances individuals’ options for discharging their duty not to harm, but that standards of justice and efficacy need to be adopted.
Intranight variability of 3C 454.3 during its 2010 November outburst

Context. 3C 454.3 is a very active flat spectrum radio quasar (blazar) that has undergone a recent outburst in all observed bands, including the optical. Aims. In this work we explore the short-term optical variability of 3C 454.3 during its outburst by searching for time delays between different optical bands. Finding one would be important for understanding the evolution of the spectrum of the relativistic electrons, which generate the synchrotron jet emission. Methods. We performed photometric monitoring of the object by repeating exposures in different optical bands (BVRI). Occasionally, different telescopes were used to monitor the object in the same band to verify the reliability of the smallest variations we observed. Results. Except on one occasion, where we found indications of a lag of the blue wavelengths behind the red ones, the results are inconclusive for most of the other cases. There were either no structures in the light curves to be able to search for patterns, or else different approaches led to different conclusions.
The nature of the Na i D-lines in the Red Rectangle★

In this paper we examine the profiles of the complex Na i D-lines in the Red Rectangle. The spectra were acquired with the Astrophysical Research Consortium Echelle Spectrograph (ARCES) echelle spectrograph (R= 38 000) on the 3.5-m telescope at the Apache Point Observatory. Additional spectra taken with Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph were acquired from the Hubble Legacy Archive and were used to independently confirm the spatial origin of the spectral features. The profile of a single D-line consists of double-peaked emission, redshifted absorption and blueshifted absorption. We find that the double-peaked emission originates from the bipolar outflow, the redshifted absorption feature is due to the photospheric line, and the blueshifted absorption arises from the bipolar outflow as seen against the photosphere of the luminous post asymptotic giant branch component in HD 44179. In order to better understand the Na i D-line profile, we examined the periodically variable asymmetric photospheric absorption lines. The asymmetric lines are interpreted as a signature of slow self-accretion following enhanced mass loss around periastron. An empirical model was constructed to remove the photospheric component from the Na i D-line profile in order to study the nebular emission and absorption of sodium along the line of sight to the primary. This paper also discusses the different origins of the single-peaked emission, the double-peaked emission and the blueshifted and redshifted absorption components.
Design and Discussion on Information Management and Control System of Agricultural Machinery and Equipment

In order to solve the problem of low development efficiency of agricultural mechanization information network system, a design and discussion method of agricultural machinery equipment information management and control system is proposed. This paper introduces the technologies required to realize the agricultural machinery operation management control system: Android development technology required to develop mobile phone positioning software, Internet map API for displaying location data, and construction of agricultural machinery resource allocation model for the realization of the scheduling module. Different objective functions are set, and the model results in different situations are obtained through experimental data. The experimental data are in the case of schedulable agricultural machinery, if the target is short-distance short-distance operation, it can save time by 0.16 h, and the existing M1 model is in Changying. Village work, the work end time is about 2.5 hours; M4 and M2 models work in the Xuzhuang Village, and the work end time is about 0.5 h; M3 model works in the Jiangtang Village, and the calculation results for different goals are as follows: M1 model first dispatches short-distance operations; the M3 type is dispatched first for short-distance operations; the M4 type operating in Xuzhuang Village is given priority to dispatch short-distance and short-distance operations. According to the analysis of system requirements, each submodule of the system is designed, including the function description and realization method of the module. The history track query module, mobile phone positioning module, and agricultural machinery scheduling module are introduced in detail. Using the Android development technology required by mobile phone positioning software, the information management of user interface, server system, and database is realized, which provides conditions for the collection of agricultural machinery and equipment information and the generation of information management control.