Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Service-oriented Architecture for Environmental Modelling - The Case of a Distributed Dike Breach Information System

An important aim of modelling complex environmental systems is to embed scientific outcomes into applications. With this characteristic, not only the modelled systems, but also the required technical realizations are complex. Managing interdisciplinary, interorganisational modelling tasks and dealing with complex heterogeneous technologies are challenges the modellers and respective institutions are faced with. In practice, issues arise due to technological heterogeneity across organisational and disciplinary boundaries, model reuse within different application contexts, and integrative system specification. Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) with Web Services and Workflow Management provide a conceptual framework and a technological basis to deal with these problems. As part of a web-based disaster information platform established in Germany, we implemented the SOA-based prototypical distributed information system NaDiNe-Dike. It combines a numerical dike breach simulation model, spatial data handling, simulation management, and a web-based user interface. All functionalities of the system are provided by Web Services. The execution of these services is managed by a Workflow Management System. In this paper, we describe how various existing technologies, including heritage simulation and other off-the-shelf software (i.e. OGC-WS), have been integrated using SOA. This approach is particularly flexible by supporting the reuse and recombination of functionalities (e.g. simulation models) in different contexts and applications. We discuss the main characteristics of the implemented system and conclude that the main advantages using SOA in such a way are the possibility to distribute functionality of a system spatially and functionally across institutions, programming languages and operating systems. Moreover, SOA provides enough flexibility to integrate simulation models with data management and presentation technologies that originate in different technological spaces and may be provided and maintained by different spatially distributed organizations. The possibility to reuse software components helps to reduce redundant implementation efforts and eases the transfer from science to the application domain. The main disadvantages of the approach followed here are the use of the network as the coupling media, the need to redesign heritage software, and the lack of specific simulation support. Moreover, the introduction of the component-based software implementation paradigm into the participating organizations is required, which must be accompanied by adequate system specification techniques. However, SOA provides the technological basis for a software infrastructure that reflects the distributed nature of today's modelling tasks, enhancing the division of responsibilities, thus, making modelling more efficient in the long run.
Self-sustained clusters as drivers of computational hardness in p -spin models

While macroscopic properties of spin glasses have been thoroughly investigated, their manifestation in the corresponding microscopic configurations is much less understood. Cases where both descriptions have been provided, such as constraint satisfaction problems, are limited to their ground state properties. To identify the emerging microscopic structures with macroscopic phases at different temperatures, we study the p-spin model with p= 3. We investigate the properties of self-sustained clusters, defined as variable sets where in-cluster induced fields dominate over the field induced by out-cluster spins, giving rise to stable configurations with respect to fluctuations. We compute the entropy of self-sustained clusters as a function of temperature and their sizes. In-cluster fields properties and the difference between in-cluster and out-cluster fields support the observation of slow-evolving spins in spin models. The findings are corroborated by observations in finite dimensional lattices at low temperatures.
A Small Macroeconometric Model of the Lithuanian Economy

A small vector error correction model of the Lithuanian economy is presented aimed at forecasting and explaining the macroeconomic fluctuations. Various aspects of model building are discussed in the light of specificity of the Lithuanian economy. The adequacy of the model is evaluated using in- and out-of-sample empirical data. The model is used to produce short-term forecasts of the main Lithuanian macroeconomic indicators evaluating, in addition, the impact of the European Union funds on the growth.
MULTILATERALISM OR BILATERALISM: THE EU TRADE POLICY IN AN AGE OF THE WTO CRISIS

Abstract. The aim of the study is to analyze the EU trade policy in the age of the World Trade Organization (WTO) crisis. In addition to the WTO membership and a number of international agreements within this organisation, the EU is a party to many bilateral trade agreements and negotiating further. It is the side effect of the protracted negotiations in the WTO under the Doha Development Round. The paper discusses the process of proliferation of bilateral trade agreements in the world economy and its importance for the EU. The article is divided into three parts. Part One identifies the determinants of the WTO crisis. Part Two discusses the process of proliferation of bilateral trade agreements in the world economy. Part Three analyzes the EU trade policy and the system of the EU preferential trade agreements. It also examines trade relations of the EU with the Republic of Korea, India, and the United States of America as an illustration of the new EU trade strategy. Key words: bilateralism, European Union, common commercial policy, World Trade Organisation
Virtual Ship Environment Creation Method

Based on the real ship structure and equipment, the game engine is used to construct a three-dimensional visual model scene. Multigen Creator will be used to model, and after format conversion, the model will be driven by Unity 3D to complete the virtual ship platform construction. By introducing control logic such as roaming logic and navigation logic, the user is allowed to perform operations such as roaming and navigation in the virtual scene. The system has the characteristics of strong sense of reality, friendly interface, and interaction, which meets the needs of information teaching. With the cross-platform features of Unity3d, PC and mobile programming are respectively carried out to realize the network development of VR training platform.
Extraordinary Optical Transmission and Extinction in a Terahertz Wire-Grid Polarizer

A THz wire grid polarizer is simulated and demonstrated consisting of 40-μm periodic aluminum strips mounted on a polycarbonate substrate with a variable metal-to-gap ratio. Full-wave numerical simulations were performed from 100 GHz to 550 GHz predicting that the transmission in perpendicular (parallel) polarization is much higher (lower) than that predicted by geometric optics, leading to a very high extinction ratio of ∼60 dB between 100 and 550 GHz when the gaps become very small (<5 μm). This behavior is confirmed qualitatively in experiments between 100 and 530 GHz where extinction ratios exceeding 40 dB are achieved. These results are explained physically as an electromagnetic concentration effect in the gaps consistent with plasmonic-like behavior. The effect depends critically on gap width and weakly on frequency.
Novel Analysis of Glycan Structures: Nanoscale Approach

Extended Abstract Glycans are complex saccharide moieties covering all cell surfaces presented on different biomolecules. Almost 75% of all proteins are glycosylated, and these glycans can form thousands of different structures. [1] Moreover, these structures may slightly change during a specific disease progress – depending on the biomarker observed, there is a possibility to distinguish between healthy individuals and people suffering from a specific disease, mostly cancer (prostate cancer using PSA as a biomarker)[2] or autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, system sclerosis observing IgG N-glycosylation). [3] Viral adhesion on cell surface and subsequent penetration is also dependent on the glycan epitopes present on a cell surface. [4, 5] Using nanoscale manipulation of biorecognition elements (antibodies, lectins as glycan-bindnig proteins or glycans) using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) allowed to prepare highly sensitive, reproducible and robust biosensors for detection of various analytes – from glycoproteins and whole viral particles to intact cells. Moreover, using SAMs allows to control a biorecognition element s density, orientation and anti-fouling properties of our surfaces. [6] Using nanomaterials like gold nanoparticles of different size or graphene oxide flakes leads to improved characteristics of prepared devices – electrochemical and impedimetric biosensors in this case. Electrochemical devices, mainly in combination with different nanostructures, provide cheap, highly reliable and sensitive platform for glycomic analyses. [7] We present here a novel approach for a glycoprofilation of various analytes (antibodies, PSA, viral hemagglutinins and viruses and eukaryotic cell lines) using small, low cost, highly sensitive electrochemical devices based on different platforms compared to standardly used LC, CE or MS methods for the glycan analysis. Beside electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and voltammetry, other methods for the surface characterization were used (quartz crystal microbalance, surface plasmon resonance, atomic force and scanning electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and our results were compared to outputs from other analytical methods (protein microarray, enzyme-linked lectin assay and MALDI-TOF MS).
KẾT HỢP PHÂN ĐOẠN DIỄN NGÔN VỚI BỘ PHÂN TÍCH CÚ PHÁP LIÊN KẾT ĐỂ PHÂN TÍCH CÂU GHÉP NHIỀU MỆNH ĐỀ TIẾNG VIỆT

Link grammar is a theory of syntax which builds relations between pairs of words, rather than constructing constituents in a tree-like hierarchy. Link grammar is similar to dependency grammar, but dependency grammar includes a head-dependent relationship, as well as lacking directionality in the relations between words. A link parser has been built for Vietnamese with acceptable results. In this paper, we propose an extended link parser with a new function to parse complex, compound and complex compound sentences, except sentences with nested clauses. Sentences are segmented into clauses using discourse segmentation algorithm of sentence level. Parsing clauses separately is useful for coordination disambiguating and decreasing time complexity.
Backtracking and error correction in DNA transcription

The survival of living cells crucially depends on the fidelity with which genetic information, stored in nucleotide sequence of DNA, is processed during cell division (DNA replication) and protein synthesis (DNA transcription and mRNA translation). However, thermodynamics introduces significant fluctuations which would incur massive error rates if efficient proofreading mechanisms were not in place [Hopfield (1974)].
Penetration of magnetosonic waves into the magnetosphere: influence of a transition layer

Abstract. We have constructed a theory for the penetration of magnetosonic waves from the solar wind into the magnetosphere through a transition layer in a plane-stratified model for the medium. In this model the boundary layer is treated as a region, inside of which the parameters of the medium vary from values characteristic for the magnetosphere, to values typical of the solar wind. It is shown that if such a layer has sufficiently sharp boundaries, then magnetosonic eigen-oscillations can be excited inside of it. The boundaries of such a layer are partially permeable for magnetosonic waves. Therefore, if the eigen-oscillations are not sustained by an external source, they will be attenuated, because some of the energy is carried away by the oscillations that penetrate the solar wind and the magnetosphere. It is shown that about 40% of the energy flux of the waves incident on the transition layer in the magnetotail region penetrate to the magnetosphere’s interior. This energy flux suffices to sustain the stationary convection of magnetospheric plasma. The total energy input to the magnetosphere during a time interval of the order of the substorm growth phase time is comparable with the energetics of an average substorm. Key words. Magnetospheric physics (MHD waves and instabilities; solar wind–magnetosphere interactions) – Space plasma physics (kinetic and MHD theory)
DETERMINATIONS OF NATURALIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON EARNINGS

Many studies about the effects of naturalization on earnings do not account for the endogenous characteristic of naturalization. This study is concerned with the determinants of naturalization, its effect on earnings, and reversal causality between earnings and naturalization. Ordinary least squares (OLS), treatment effect model, and simultaneous equation model are used to estimate the effect of naturalization on earnings for U.S. immigrants. Using a treatment effect model, we find that naturalization has a much higher positive impact than the OLS method on earnings, but by employing a simultaneous equation model, the naturalization premium becomes closer to that of OLS. Also, we find that correcting the simultaneity problem between earnings and naturalization is much more important than orthogonalizing the naturalization variable using instruments.
Financial development and economic growth in emerging market: bootstrap panel causality analysis

In this study, it was investigated whether there is a causality relationship between financial development and economic growth in emerging market countries. Data from the period between 1988 and 2013 was analyzed using the bootstrap panel causality test, which takes cross-section dependence and heterogeneity into account. The results of the test showed that there is a weak causal relationship between economic growth and financial development support the neutrality hypothesis in emerging countries, except for Turkey.
Segmenting Multiple Time Series by Contemporaneous Linear Transformation: PCA for Time Series

We seek for a contemporaneous linear transformation for a $p$-variate time series such that the transformed series is segmented into several lower-dimensional subseries, and those subseries are uncorrelated with each other both contemporaneously and serially. The method may be viewed as an extension of principal component analysis for multiple time series. Technically it also boils down to an eigenanalysis for a positive definite matrix. When $p$ is large, an additional step is required to perform a permutation in terms of either maximum cross-correlations or FDR based on multiple tests. The asymptotic theory is established for both fixed $p$ and diverging $p$ when the sample size $n$ tends to infinity, reflecting the fact that the method also applies when the dimension $p$ is large in relation to $n$. Numerical experiments with both simulated and real datasets indicate that the proposed method is an effective initial step in analysing multiple time series data, which leads to substantial dimension-reduction in modelling and forecasting high-dimensional linear dynamical structures. The method can also be adapted to segment multiple volatility processes.
A closed form solution for constant flux pumping in a well under partial penetration condition

An analytical model for the constant flux pumping test is developed in a radial confined aquifer system with a partially penetrating well. The Laplace domain solution is derived by the application of the Laplace transforms with respect to time and the finite Fourier cosine transforms with respect to the vertical coordinates. A time domain solution is obtained using the inverse Laplace transforms, convolution theorem, and Bromwich integral method. The effect of partial penetration is apparent if the test well is completed with a short screen. An aquifer thickness 100 times larger than the screen length of the well can be considered as infinite. This solution can be used to investigate the effects of screen length and location on the drawdown distribution in a radial confined aquifer system and to produce type curves for the estimation of aquifer parameters with field pumping drawdown data.
Nitrogen Balance in Goats Fed Flemingia (Flemingia Macrophylla) and Jackfruit (Artocarpus Heterophyllus) Foliage Based Diets and Effect of a Daily Supplementation of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) on Intake and Digestion

Diets with foliage of Flemingia (Flemingia macrophylla) or Jackfruit (Artocapus heterophyllus were fed to goats with the objective to study nitrogen (N) balance and effect of a daily supplementation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on intake and digestion. In experiment 1, three male Alpine×Jamnapary goats with initial weights varying from 26.9 to 27.7 kg were used in a 3×3 Latin square design in the dry season. Three Alpine×Bachthao crosses, 15.3-16.7 kg, were used in the same design in the wet season. The three diets were based on chopped whole sugar cane complemented with the two green foliages, Jackfruit and Flemingia, or soybean meal (SBM). The level of dry matter (DM) offered was 4% of body weight (BW), 2.7% as foliage and 1.3% as chopped whole sugar cane. The amount of SBM offered was calculated to give the same amount of crude protein (CP) as the foliages. Each experimental period lasted 32 days (14 days for adaptation, 7 days for collection and 10 days for rest). Feed intake, apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), CP, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) and retained nitrogen (N) were measured by total faecal and urine collection. In experiment 2, four male goats (Alpine×Jamnapary) with initial weights from 17.1 to 23.1 kg were used in a 4×4 Latin square design. The four treatments were Jackfruit or Flemingia with or without addition of PEG, which was fed at a level of 5 g/goat and day by mixing with a small amount of rice bran. Each experimental period lasted 15 days (8 days for adaptation, 7 days for collection). Measurements were done as in experiment 1. The DM digestibility was highest (65.9-74.3%) for goats fed the SBM diet in both the dry and wet season. The DM digestibility of goats fed the Jackfruit and the Flemingia diets was similar in both the dry (58.6- 59.2% respectively) and the wet season (53.9-56.1% respectively). The CP digestibility was highest (73.0-73.6%) for the SBM diet followed by the Jackfruit diet (47.0-38.5%) and was lowest (36.8-30.0%) for the Flemingia diet in both dry and wet seasons, respectively. The NDF digestibility was low for both the Jackfruit (36.4%) and Flemingia (38.0%) diets in the wet season. All diets resulted in a positive N balance. The N retention was highest (0.465-0.604 g/kg W 0.75 ) in the SBM diets and lowest (0.012-0.250 g/kg W 0.75 ) in the Flemingia diet. Addition of PEG had no effect on feed intake for any of the diets. PEG added in the Flemingia diet had a positive effect only on NDF digestibility, but the digestibility of the Jackfruit diet was significantly increased. Supplementation with PEG reduced digestibility and N retention of Flemingia, possibly because of the low tannin level, but increased digestibility and N retention for Jackfruit foliage. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2002. Vol 15, No. 5 : 699-707)
Growth of polymer microstructures between stressed silica grains : a chemo-mechanical coupling

Laboratory tests on the micro scale are reported in which two amorphous silica cubes were compressed in a liquid environment, in solutions with different silica ion concentrations, for up to 3 weeks. Such an arrangement represents an idealised representation of two sand grains. The grain surfaces and asperities were examined in the scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope (AFM) for fractures, silica gel growth and polymer strength. In 500 ppm solution, silica gel structures a few hundred micrometres long appeared between stressed silica cubes. In 200 ppm solution, silica deposits were found around damaged grain surfaces, while at 90 ppm (below silica solubility in neutral pH), fibres a few micrometres in length were found growing in cube cracks. AFM pulling tests found polymers with strength of the order of 100 nN. It was concluded that prolonged compression produced damage in grains, raising local silicon ion concentration and accelerating precipitation, polymerisation and gelation of silica on grain surfaces, enhancing soil strength at the micro scale, and hence most likely contributing to the ageing phenomenon observed at the macro scale.
THE EFFECT OF RECENT TAX CHANGES ON TAX-PREFERRED SAVING BEHAVIOR

This paper estimates the extent to which changes in tax policy induce changes in contributions to tax-preferred savings accounts using a panel of tax returns from 1999-2005 that spans the tax changes enacted in the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 and the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003. The results suggest a statistically significant, though small response of taxpayers to changes in the after-tax price of contributing on the extensive margin, but not on the intensive margin. There is also some suggestive evidence that increases in after-tax incomes may have increased the probability of contributing to tax-preferred savings accounts and the amount contributed, though these results are not robust to alternative specifications.
OPTICAL-FAINT, FAR-INFRARED-BRIGHT HERSCHEL SOURCES IN THE CANDELS FIELDS: ULTRA-LUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES AT z > 1 AND THE EFFECT OF SOURCE BLENDING

The Herschel very wide field surveys have charted hundreds of square degrees in multiple far-IR (FIR) bands. While the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) is currently the best resource for optical counterpart identifications over such wide areas, it does not detect a large number of Herschel FIR sources and leaves their nature undetermined. As a test case, we studied seven “SDSS-invisible,” very bright 250 μm sources (S250 > 55 mJy) in the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey fields where we have a rich multi-wavelength data set. We took a new approach to decompose the FIR sources, using the near-IR or the optical images directly for position priors. This is an improvement over the previous decomposition efforts where the priors are from mid-IR data that still suffer from the problem of source blending. We found that in most cases the single Herschel sources are made of multiple components that are not necessarily at the same redshifts. Our decomposition succeeded in identifying and extracting their major contributors. We show that these are all ultra-luminous infrared galaxies at z ∼ 1–2 whose high LIR is mainly due to dust-obscured star formation. Most of them would not be selected as submillimeter galaxies. They all have complicated morphologies indicative of mergers or violent instability, and their stellar populations are heterogeneous in terms of stellar masses, ages, and formation histories. Their current ultra-luminous infrared galaxy phases are of various degrees of importance in their stellar mass assembly. Our practice provides a promising starting point for developing an automatic routine to reliably study bright Herschel sources.