Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ommunity stakeholders ’ knowledge in landscape assessments – Mapping ndicators for landscape services

The evaluation of landscape services essentially deals with the complex and dynamic relationships between humans and their environment. When it comes to landscape management and the evaluation of the benefits these services provide for our well-being, there is a limited representation of stakeholder and intangible values on the land. Stakeholder knowledge is essential, since disciplinary expert evaluations and existing proxy data on landscape services can reveal little of the landscape benefits to the local stakeholders. This paper aims at evaluating the potential of using local stakeholders as key informants in the spatial assessment of landscape service indicators. A methodological approach is applied in the context of a rural village environment in Tanzania, Zanzibar, where local, spatially sensitive stakeholder knowledge is crucial in solving land management challenges as the resources are used extensively for supporting community livelihoods and are threatened by economic uses and agricultural expansion. A typology of 19 different material and non-material, cultural landscape service indicators is established and, in semi-structured interviews, community stakeholders map these indicators individually on an aerial image. The landscape service indicators are described and spatially analysed in order to establish an understanding of landscape level service structures, patterns and relationships. The results show that community involvement and participatory mapping enhance the assessment of landscape services. These benefits from nature demonstrate spatial clustering and co-existence, but simultaneously also a tendency for spatial dispersion, and suggest that there is far more heterogeneity and sensitivity in the ways the benefits are distributed in relation to actual land resources. Many material landscape service indicators are individually based and spatially scattered in the landscape. However, the well-being of communities is also dependent on the non-material services, pointing out shared places of social interaction and cultural traditions. Both material and non-material services are preferred closest to settlements where the highest intensity, richness and diversity are found. Based on the results, the paper discusses the role of local stakeholders as experts in landscape service assessments and implications for local level management processes. It can be pointed out that the integration of participatory mapping methods in landscape service assessments is crucial for true collaborative, bottom-up landscape management. It is also necessary in order to capture the non-utilitarian value of landscapes and sensitivity to cultural landscape services, which many expert evaluations of landscape or ecosystem services fail to
Density-functional tight-binding modeling of electromechanics of phosphorene

Pihlajamäki, Antti Density-functional tight-binding modeling of electromechanics of phosphorene Master’s thesis Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, 2018, 63 pages. Single-layer black phosphorus or phosphorene is a two-dimensional material made from a puckered honeycomb structure. It is a semiconductor with a tunable band gap and both its mechanical and electronic properties are highly asymmetric because of the puckering. Recently there has been numerous computational studies and some experimental works trying to bring deeper understanding about this relatively new 2D material. In this study we simulate phosphorene using computationally low-cost density functional tight-binding (DFTB) method to see how stretching, shearing and bending affect its electronic properties. The band structure analysis shows that there is a relation between shearing and bending. This discovery is a confirmation for the relation between earlier theoretical predictions concerning bending and the computational results about shearing.
A mixed methods systematic review of digital interventions to support the psychological health and well-being of people living with dermatological conditions

Background Dermatological conditions can have a substantial impact on psychological as well as physical health yet dedicated face-to-face psychological support for patients is lacking. Thus, individuals may require additional support to self-manage dermatological conditions effectively. Digital technology can contribute to long-term condition management, but knowledge of the effectiveness of digital interventions addressing psychological (cognitive, emotional, and behavioural) aspects of dermatological conditions is limited. Objectives To identify, determine the effectiveness, and explore people’s views and experiences of digital interventions supporting the psychological health of people with dermatological conditions. Methods A mixed methods systematic review informed by JBI methodology. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO. Eight electronic databases were searched for papers written between January 2002 and October 2021. Data screening and extraction were conducted in Covidence. The methodological quality of studies were scrutinised against JBI critical appraisal tools. Intervention characteristics were captured using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication checklist and guide. Data were synthesised using a convergent segregated approach. The results were reported in a narrative summary. Results Twenty-three papers were identified from 4,883 references, including 15 randomised controlled trials. Nineteen interventions were condition-specific, 13 were delivered online, 16 involved an educational component, and 7 endorsed established, evidence-based therapeutic approaches. Improvements in knowledge, mood, quality of life, the therapeutic relationship, and reduced disease severity in the short to medium term, were reported, although there was substantial heterogeneity within the literature. Thirteen studies captured feedback from users, who considered various digital interventions as convenient and helpful for improving knowledge, emotion regulation, and personal control, but technical and individual barriers to use were reported. Use of established qualitative methodologies was limited and, in some cases, poorly reported. Conclusion Some web-based digital psychological interventions seem to be acceptable to people living with mainly psoriasis and eczema. Whilst some digital interventions benefitted cognitive and emotional factors, heterogeneity and inconsistencies in the literature meant definitive statements about their effectiveness could not be drawn. Interdisciplinary and patient-centred approaches to research are needed to develop and test quality digital interventions supporting the psychological health of adults living with common and rare dermatological conditions. Systematic review registration [https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/PROSPERO/display_record. php? RecordID=285435], identifier [CRD42021285435].
Inflammatory pathophysiological mechanisms implicated in postpartum depression

Postpartum Depression (PPD) is a serious psychiatric disorder of women within the first year after delivery. It grievously damages women’s physical and mental health. Inflammatory reaction theory is well-established in depression, and also has been reported associated with PPD. This review summarized the inflammatory pathophysiological mechanisms implicated in PPD, including decreased T cell activation, increased proinflammatory cytokines secretion, active kynurenine pathway, and initiated NLRP3 inflammasome. Clinical and preclinical research are both gathered. Potential therapeutical alternatives targeting the inflammatory mechanisms of PPD were introduced. In addition, this review briefly discussed the differences of inflammatory mechanisms between PPD and depression. The research of inflammation in PPD is limited and seems just embarking, which indicates the direction we can further study. As a variety of risky factors contribute to PPD collectively, therapy for women with PPD should be comprehensive, and clinical heterogeneity should be taken into consideration. As PPD has a predictability, early clinical screening and interventions are also needed. This review aims to help readers better understand the inflammatory pathological mechanisms in PPD, so as to identify biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in the future.
The empirical models in fish stock assessment

Fisheries at very high levels of exploitation the removal will surpass a stock’s regenerative capacity eventually leading to a collapse of the fishery. Stock assessment studies the status of a fish stock as well as the possible outcomes of different management alternatives. The objective of fish stock assessment is to provide estimates of the state of the stock to assure, in the long run, the self-sustainability of the stock under exploitation. Empirical models offer the potential for obtaining an inexpensive parameter estimate from an easily measured surrogate when the parameter is difficult and costly to measure directly. It predict changes in mortality, maximum sustainable yield, and yearly catch, a bioenergetics model, and a habitat suitability model. It can be used to compare mortality, yield, and annual catch estimates among historic, current, and predicted climate conditions. Empirical models make a link between some easily measured characteristic of a water body, such as its area, the conductivity of the water or the mean primary production and an expected yield. A major limitation of Empirical model is that previously observed empirical relationships may break down in situations when conditions change substantially.
ROGUE: the rapid off-axis guider experiment

Near infrared imaging spectroscopy at spatial resolutions of 0.5 arc seconds will fundamentally change our understanding of active galactic nuclei. This long desired capability has been achieved for the first time by the latest generation of MPE instruments, ROGUE and 3D. ROGUE, the rapid off-axis guider experiment, is a low order adaptive optics system performing tip-tilt correction in the near infrared using natural guide stars. Three-dimensional is the MPE near infrared imaging spectrometer capable of simultaneous imaging and spectroscopy of the entire H and K atmospheric windows. ROGUE is capable of tip-tilt correction at 40 Hz in a 4 arc-minute diameter isokinetic patch using natural guide stars as faint as 18th magnitude. We discuss the design of the instrument, present the first astronomical results, and outline future efforts to incorporate variable image scales.
End-to-End Delay Modeling for Embedded VNF Chains in 5G Core Networks

In this paper, an analytical end-to-end (E2E) packet delay modeling is established for multiple traffic flows traversing an embedded virtual network function (VNF) chain in fifth generation communication networks. The dominant-resource generalized processing sharing is employed to allocate both computing and transmission resources among flows at each network function virtualization (NFV) node to achieve dominant-resource fair allocation and high resource utilization. A tandem queueing model is developed to characterize packets of multiple flows passing through an NFV node and its outgoing transmission link. For analysis tractability, we decouple packet processing (and transmission) of different flows in the modeling and determine average packet processing and transmission rates of each flow as approximated service rates. An M/D/1 queueing model is developed to calculate packet delay for each flow at the first NFV node. Based on the analysis of packet interarrival time at the subsequent NFV node, we adopt an M/D/1 queueing model as an approximation to evaluate the average packet delay for each flow at each subsequent NFV node. The queueing model is proved to achieve more accurate delay evaluation than that using a G/D/1 queueing model. Packet transmission delay on each embedded virtual link between consecutive NFV nodes is also derived for E2E delay calculation. Extensive simulation results demonstrate the accuracy of our proposed E2E packet delay modeling, upon which delay-aware VNF chain embedding can be achieved.
VALIDATION OF CIRA FLOW SOLVER ZEN FOR SCT LOW-SPEED HIGH-LIFT COMPUTATIONS

The objective of this paper is to validate the CIRA o w solver ZEN for the low speed performance computations of Supersonic Commercial Transport (SCT) high lift conguration. This work is set into the framework of the EU funded research project \EPISTLE", whose principal aim is to assess an aerodynamic methodology that shall allow to design SCT \new generation" with largely attached o ws at low-speed high-lift conditions. This will lead to a considerable reduction of engine power in compliance with the next years Community regulations which will impose severe limits to engine noise and pollution. The industrial partners formulated accuracy requirements for the global aerodynamic coecien ts to compare with an experimental database created during the EPISTLE program. Various angles of attack have been calculated to review the dieren t o w eld behaviour from full attached o w to the onset of separation phenomena. Grid dependency and turbulence models eect have been taken into account. The CIRA o w solver ZEN has demonstrated the capability to capture the main aspects of separation phenomena on the SCT wing and to full the accuracy requirements on the global aerodynamic coecien ts.
Experimental Study of the Laser Induced Flow and Thermophoresis of Suspending Microparticles

The induced flow effect is the rotary motion generated in the fluid flow due to the temperature gradient. The phenomenon of thermophoresis is the movement of particles from the warmer side of the fluid to the cooler side. Laser is a very suitable device for creating a temperature gradient due to its unique features such as high power density, harmonic waves, single wavelength and very low divergence. Thermophoresis phenomenon and induced flow have many uses in the transfer of particles and in various fields such as medicine and industry. In the present work, the phenomena of laser thermal interactions and flows of microparticles were studied. Thermophoresis phenomenon and induced flow were investigated experimentally using laser. Scale analysis of the migration velocity caused by the laser thermal effects shows that the induced flow in the fluid has a larger scale in comparison with the thermophoresis phenomenon. Thus, the focus of the experimental study was on the laser induced flow by the local heat absorption of Rhodamine B solutions. Review of recent researches show that the idea of Rhodamine B topical absorption to create fluid motion has not been previously published. Therefore, it is considered as the most important novelty of the present work.
FDM DEMULTIPLEXING AND PERFECTLY RECONSTRUCTING SBC FILTER BANK FOR TWO CHANNELS 1

Within modern satellite communication scenarios, different users demand different bandwidths. Hence, digital processors should allow for flexible processing of FDM-signals for meeting these requirements. In that scope, two mutually exclusive processor tasks are distinguished:i) mere demultiplexing of independent FDMsignals andii ) demultiplexing of wideband channel signals with subsequent perfect reconstruction. In this paper, we present a ma trix description of the well-known FDMUX filter bank [1] for two channels based on directional filter cells with reduced computational burden. Furthermore, we extend the improved approach to a novel joint SBC-FDFMUX filter bank structure, which combines both demanded tasks without extra computation compared to [1].
HEATING OF THE SOLAR CORONA BY GRAVITY WAVES

ABS>A new type of hydrodynamic-wave heating is proposed for the solar corona. It is shown that internal gravity waves are preferentially generated by the convection zone and are easily transmitted to the corona. Acoustic waves with frequency characteristic of the photospheric granules cannot be transmitted through the reversing layer. The gravity waves are shown to dissipate by thermal conduction in the corona. A model is derived giving a 10/sup 6/ l K corona. The sensitivity of this model to various assumptions is demonstrated. It is stable against small disturbances, but large instabilities may grow in the presence of a vertical magnetic field, leading to the formation of coronal streamers and a hoselike solar wind. (auth)
Observational Signatures of Frame Dragging in Strong Gravity

Objects orbiting in the presence of a rotating massive body experience a gravitomagnetic frame-dragging effect, known as the Lense-Thirring effect, that has been experimentally confirmed in the weak-field limit. In the strong-field limit, near the horizon of a rotating black hole, frame dragging becomes so extreme that all objects must co-rotate with the black hole’s angular momentum. In this work, we perform general relativistic numerical simulations to identify observable signatures of frame dragging in the strong-field limit that appear when infalling gas is forced to flip its direction of rotation as it is being accreted. In total intensity images, infalling streams exhibit “S”-shaped features due to the switch in the tangential velocity. In linear polarization, a flip in the handedness of spatially resolved polarization ticks as a function of radius encodes a transition in the magnetic field geometry that occurs due to magnetic flux freezing in the dragged plasma. Using a network of telescopes around the world, the Event Horizon Telescope collaboration has demonstrated that it is now possible to directly image black holes on event horizon scales. We show that the phenomena described in this work would be accessible to the next-generation Event Horizon Telescope and extensions of the array into space, which would produce spatially resolved images on event horizon scales with higher spatial resolution and dynamic range.
Efficient gravitational wave searches with pulsar timing arrays using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) detect low-frequency gravitational waves (GWs) by looking for correlated deviations in pulse arrival times. Current Bayesian searches use Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, which struggle to sample the large number of parameters needed to model the PTA and GW signals. As the data span and number of pulsars increase, this problem will only worsen. An alternative Monte Carlo sampling method, Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC), utilizes Hamiltonian dynamics to produce sample proposals informed by first-order gradients of the model likelihood. This in turn allows it to converge faster to high dimensional distributions. We implement HMC as an alternative sampling method in our search for an isotropic stochastic GW background, and show that this method produces equivalent statistical results to similar analyses run with standard MCMC techniques, while requiring 100-200 times fewer samples. We show that the speed of HMC sample generation scales as $\mathcal{O}(N_\mathrm{psr}^{5/4})$ where $N_\mathrm{psr}$ is the number of pulsars, compared to $\mathcal{O}(N_\mathrm{psr}^2)$ for MCMC methods. These factors offset the increased time required to generate a sample using HMC, demonstrating the value of adopting HMC techniques for PTAs.
A 3D modified FDTD (2,4) algorithm for improving phase accuracy with low resolution

A finite difference time domain method with low dispersion for time harmonic waves in 3D is presented. The method uses finite difference operators which are second order in time and fourth order in space with two independent optimization factors. The factors are used to minimize the phase error of the wave which enables the use of low resolution grids thus reduces the required memory. Good results for the phase accuracy are obtained compared with the second order Yee algorithm for the case of radiation from time-harmonic infinitesimal dipole.
Erd\"os-R\'enyi Poissonized

We introduce a variant of the Erd\"os--R\'enyi random graph where the number of vertices is random and follows a Poisson law. A very simple Markov property of the model entails that the Lukasiewicz exploration is made of \textit{independent} Poisson increments. Using a vanilla Poisson counting process, this enables us to give very short proofs of classical results such as the phase transition for the giant component or the connectedness for the standard Erd\"os--R\'enyi model.
Towards Discovering Neural Architectures from Scratch

The discovery of neural architectures from scratch is the long-standing goal of Neural Architecture Search (NAS). Searching over a wide spectrum of neural architectures can facilitate the discovery of previously unconsidered but well-performing architectures. In this work, we take a large step towards discovering neural architectures from scratch by expressing architectures algebraically. This algebraic view leads to a more general method for designing search spaces, which allows us to compactly represent search spaces that are 100s of orders of magnitude larger than common spaces from the literature. Further, we propose a Bayesian Optimization strategy to efﬁciently search over such huge spaces, and demonstrate empirically that both our search space design and our search strategy can be superior to existing baselines. We open source our algebraic NAS approach and provide APIs for PyTorch and TensorFlow.
Friction Factor Correlations for Compressible Gaseous Flow in a Concentric Micro Annular Tube

Compressible momentum and energy equations were solved numerically for concentric micro annular tubes with slip velocity and temperature jump wall boundary conditions. The results were expressed in the form of the product of friction factor and Reynolds number (f · Re) for a quasi-fully developed condition and for the ranges of Re < 1000 and Ma < 1. The numerical methodology was based on the Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method. The outer tube radius ranged from 5 to 40 µm with radius ratios of 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8. The length to hydraulic diameter ratio was more than 100. The stagnation pressure was chosen in such a way that the exit Mach number ranged from 0.1 to 1.0, and the outlet pressure was fixed at the atmospheric pressure. For the case of incompressible slip flow, f · Re is calculated as a function of radius ratio and Knudsen number. For high speed flows, the values of f · Re for compressible slip flow were higher than those for incompressible slip flow due to compressibility effects. Also, f · Re correlation for compressible slip flow was obtained from compressible no-slip flow and incompressible slip flow as a function of Mach and Knudsen numbers and radius ratio. In addition, a correlation for microchannel, microtube, and micro annular tube was obtained from the authors' previous work.
High efficiency and low noise figure double-pass fibre Raman amplifier

A new S-band double-pass (DP) fibre Raman amplifier (FRA) with the characteristics of improved gain and noise figure (NF) is demonstrated. By employing a high birefringence fibre loop mirror (HiBi-FLM) with a comb-like reflection spectrum as a signal reflector, the ASE noise of this DP-FRA greatly decreases compared with that of the conventional DP-FRA with the FLM. A maximum NF improvement of 6.2 dB and an average NF improvement of 4.9 dB over 40 nm (1480–1520 nm) bandwidth are realized. By using the FLM as a residual pump reflector to improve the gain of the amplifier, a maximum gain of 24 dB and an average NF of 4.3 dB are obtained in the same bandwidth.