Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Philosophy of Argument

In The Philosophy of Argument, Trudy Govier has presented the informal logic community with a very timely collection of essays. Certain essays argue for the legitimacy of informal logic in the face of current intellectual trends and critiques, in particular from postmodemists, feminists, and multiculturalists. Other essays argue for the legitimacy of informal logic within philosophy. Still others highlight open problems within informal logic. Although this does not exhaustively classify all the topics Govier addresses, I shall focus on these in this review. Postmodernist rejection of universal standards of evaluation and chargesespecially by some feminists-that argument is adversarial, that to argue is to attempt to get power over one's interlocutors, that argument is a tool of male domination and oppression in particular, foster a cultural environment not at all congenial to informal logic. Seeking to develop general standards for evaluating arguments and prizing the institution of arguing when satisfying these criteria puts the movement at odds with these cultural trends. To the objection that argument is adversarial, even militaristic, seeking to force others to accept one's conclusion, Govier in the first essay, "Philosophers are More Than a Luxury! Politics and Argument Under Uncertainty," calmly replies that this is to take an incomplete view of argument. That the practice of argument has had negative features does not mean that the practice cannot be refined or that these negative features are essential to argument. "If we look more closely, we see something else in argument: the bringing forward of evidence and reasons in an effort to rationally persuade another person that the conclusion claim is acceptable" (8). Bringing forward evidence in an attempt to rationaIly persuade is not an attempt to force someone to accept a conclusion either through hostile argument or propagandistic manipulation. It is an act of respect for the other as a rational person. This is "a very good way to respond to disagreement" (9). Indeed, as Govier sees it, to reject argument in this
Why Do States Hedge in East Asia? An Empirical Study on Hedging

Abstract:This article investigates whether countries in East Asia are acting anomalously from traditional balancing and bandwagoning assumptions in the face of China's reemergencel the form of sending ambiguous alignment signals toward the United States in return for more autonomy by states that have no official alliance with Beijing. Incorporating Lim and Cooper's redefinition of hedging, this study focuses on the conditions under which China's neighbors adopt hedging behaviors. This article aims to show that coercive capability indicators, including national capability and a US military presence, are major factors in decisions by countries in East Asia to adopt hedging strategies. The findings suggest that when countries in this region seek to maximize economic benefits with Beijing, they also seek certain security assurances from Washington as a hedge against Beijing's influence over their national affairs.
A case report of Guillain-Barre syndrome

Objective : This is clinical report about the Wei syndrome(? 證)-patient diagnosed as Guillian-Barre syndrome. Guillain-Barre syndrome(GBS), what is called acute inflammatory polyneuritis, is a disorder in which the body's immune system attacks parts of peripheral nervous system. GBS is subclassified into acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy(AIDP), acute motor or motor-sensory axonal neuropathy(AMAN, AMSAN), and the other variants. The cause and mechanism of this syndrome are unknown yet. The typical Guillain-Barre syndrome could be diagnosed by the patient's syndroms and physical exams as the rapid onset of weakness, paralysis and loss of reflexes. The analysis of CSF and electrical test of nerve and muscle function can be performed to confirm the diagnosis. Most of the cases usually occur shortly after a viral infection. Method & Result : This is the clinical report about the one patient daignosed as Guillain-Barre syndrome. The patient, 9-year-old girl had the hemiparesis after upper respiratory infection. We characterized her as Wei syndrom(? 證). The patient was treated by acupunture, indirect moxibustion, herb medication(通竅湯 加味方, 四物湯合檳蘇散 加味方) and had significant improvement in the Wei syndrome(? 證). Conclusion : We report that we had good effects of oriental medical treatment on Guillain-Barre syndrome.
The M Curve and the multinationality-performance relationship of Korean INVs

Purpose – Using data from a sample of new high technology manufacturing start-ups in Korea, the purpose of this paper is to examine the multinationality-performance relationship of international new ventures (INVs) which are born regional in terms of exporting activities. Design/methodology/approach – The paper estimates econometric models as both cubic and quartic fits between the degree of multinationality and firm performance of Korean INVs using a feasible generalized least square (FGLS) regression method. Findings – It is found that the relationship between the INVs' degree of multinationality and firm performance is M-shaped, supporting the augmentation from the traditional S-curve fit applied to multinational enterprises (MNEs). In addition, in terms of performance implications, high technology manufacturing INVs perform better in their home region than in non-home regions when the degree of multinationality is mediocre or becomes very high. Finally, these findings hold for diverse performance meas.
The Indian Demand for Imported Fresh Apples: Effects of Tariff Reductions

We estimated the impact of the Indian tariff on the demand for imported fresh apples from theUnited States. A 1% decrease in the tariff would increase the quantities demanded by 3.83%. If India eliminates the tariff on all imported fresh apples, total consumer welfare in terms of the imported fresh apple market will increase by $120 million yearly, 57% of the value of all fresh apples imported by India in 2015. This study adds evidence on the effects of tariff reduction on trade volume and welfare of consumers in the importing country.
The measurement and acquisition of skills in behaviour change counselling

Although mortality from diseases such as coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, liver disease and type-two diabetes is decreasing, morbidity and premature death is increasing. These conditions are related to a number of risk factors, including health behaviours (smoking, diet, lack of physical activity and alcohol consumption). In an attempt to modify patients’ lifestyles, the delivery of a number of complex psychosocial interventions has been attempted by healthcare practitioners in clinical practice. However, in many cases interventions are not adequately described, and there has been very little information regarding how practitioners were trained, and indeed how well they were able to deliver the intervention. This makes evaluation of the efficacy and effectiveness of these interventions difficult. There is a lack of studies that evaluate which training methods lead to the best levels of skill acquisition. One intervention that has shown promise in helping patients to make changes to their lifestyles is behaviour change counselling (BCC), an adaptation of motivational interviewing. As with other complex interventions, the evaluation of skill competence and training methods has been generally poor. The studies in this thesis aim to tackle the issues of measuring skill acquisition in BCC. An instrument - the Behaviour Change Counselling Index (BECCI) - was developed to measure practitioner skill competence in delivering BCC. The Experiential Practice Experiment was conducted to discover whether the use of simulated patients, rather than role-play with fellow trainees lead to enhanced skill acquisition in BCC. Participants also provided ratings of their practice sessions within their experimental conditions. There was no significant difference in BECCI scores or ratings of practice sessions between practitioners who practiced skills with simulated patients in comparison to those who performed role-play. There may be a relationship between participants' feelings regarding the practice sessions and BCC skill acquisition, but results were inconclusive.
An Empirical Analysis on E- Retail Service Quality, 3PL in Supply Chain L-SQUAL, E-SQUAL, and E-SRQUAL

Electronic commerce brings huge business opportunities and revenue growth to companies like e- retailers, mainly due to its convenient, interactive, lower costs and high degree of customization and personalization to their customers. With respect to logistics outsourcing, online shopping takes place in the chain consisting of the third party logistics providers, e-retailer, and the customer, which represents a service triad. Since, the delivery service is provided by the third party logistics (3PL) service providers, the satisfaction level of the end customers depends on the combination of both product delivery service and e-retailers service. The study proposes a research model that integrates the e-service quality (ESQ), e- service recovery quality(ESRQ), and the logistic service quality(LSQ) that are provided by the e-retailers, which furthers influences both customer satisfaction and loyalty. The study examines the second order dimensions of ESQ, ESRQ, and LSQ using second stage reflective-formative approach. The outcome of the data analysis, with the sample size of 350, concludes that ESQ strongly influences LSQ, customer satisfaction (CS) and customer loyalty (CL) when using online retail websites. Similarly, when CS is achieved it also has a strong relationship on CL. The outcome of the analysis also evaluated that ESRQ has a strong influence on CS. The relationship between LSQ and CS, LSQ and CL are strongly significant, than ESQ and ESRQ Index Termsâ€” Service Quality, ESQ, ESRQ, 3PL and LSQ
Estimating the Impact of Financial Investments on Agricultural Futures Prices using Changes in Volatility

This paper studies the impact of financial investments on agricultural futures prices, using structural vector autoregressions. We identify exogenous variation in net long positions of speculators through heteroskedasticity. We first show that demand shocks of both index investors and noncommercial traders lead to a statistically significant contemporaneous increase in futures prices. We then quantify the economic importance of these shocks. Our findings suggest a negligible contribution of index investors’ demand shocks and only a small contribution of noncommercials’ demand shocks to futures price dynamics, both on average and during the boom‐busts in 2007/08 and 2011/12.
Conocimientos sobre dibujo, escritura y numerales en la producción gráfica materno-infantil, Argentina

(analítico) Este estudio examina los conocimientos sobre las propiedades formales y la función referencial del dibujo, la escritura y los numerales desplegados por madres y sus niños y niñas (2 ½ años y 4 años) en una tarea de producción conjunta. Se construyó un sistema de codificación mediante el método comparativo constante; se analizó mediante pruebas no paramétricas. Las díadas del grupo de 2 ½ años conversaron sobre la función referencial de los tres sistemas, especialmente del dibujo. A los 4 años se incrementó el interés en la escritura, la consideración de las propiedades formales de la escritura y los numerales; así como las producciones infantiles independientes de dibujo y escritura. El estudio mostró a la producción gráfica como una interacción educativa en la familia que estimula la apropiación temprana de las representaciones externas.
BARRIERS TO THE ADOPTION OF THE INTERNET AND SELECTION OF E-COMMERCE ACTIONS: INCIDENTAL MOTIVATIONS OF MICRO-ENTREPRENEURS

For decades entrepreneurial motivations have been related to entrepreneurial behavior, in areas such as investments or formulation of strategies, however, its link with the adoption of e-commerce in microenterprises has not been explored. Likewise, most of the research on e-commerce has been focused on studying small and medium-sized companies. Consequently, this research aims to assess the relationship of motivations of micro-entrepreneurs when developing their businesses, with the barriers they perceive to adopt the Internet, and the types of e-commerce activities they implement in their companies. In addition, demographic variables are analysed in order to facilitate the categorization of these organizations. Logistic regressions and Chi-square statistics are developed, on data published in the Fifth Micro-Entrepreneurship Survey of Chile. The results obtained show that the motivation for entrepreneurship based on family tradition is related to less Internet adoption and uses for e-commerce; also, it is evidenced that necessity and opportunity-based motivations are positively associated with Internet use for relationship purposes with clients and suppliers. This information is considered relevant in practical terms, since it allows strengthening the use of e-commerce in microenterprises, through the implementation of programs to support microentrepreneurs with incident characteristics, under the financing of governmental entities or private companies.
Membentuk karakter melalui pendidikan afeksi

Bidang kajian pendidikan afeksi telah berkembang dan menjelma kepada pendidikan sosio-emosional, pendidikan nilai, pendidikan moral dan terakhir menjadi disiplin ilmu pendidikan karakter. Pendidikan afeksi seharusnya menjadi perhatian penting bagi guru (pendidik) yang memiliki tanggungjawab membentuk karakter peserta didik, utamanya bagi guru yang mengajarkan materi pelajaran berbasiskan nilai dan moral seperti mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama, Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan, Pendidikan Karakter, Pendidikan Budi Pekerti dan lainnya. Pemahaman terhadap aspek afeksi secara utuh juga dapat membantu guru mencapai tujuan pembelajaran dari masing-masing mata pelajaran tersebut, sebab baik-buruk afeksi peserta didik dalam mengikuti pembelajaran memiliki pengaruh terhadap keberhasilan belajarnya. Disamping dibutuhkan oleh guru, pemahaman tentang aspek afeksi juga penting dimiliki oleh setiap orang tua. Pengetahuan yang dimiliki orang tua tentang afeksi anak dapat membantunya menjadi pengasuh yang baik. Dalam buku ini, pembahasan berbagai aspek afeksi seperti sikap, minat, empati, konsep diri, efikasi diri, nilai dan moral disajikan secara mendalam baikdefinisi konseptualnya, ciri-ciri (indikator)nya, maupun hubungan atau pengaruhnya dengan konsep-konsep (variabel-variabel) lain, yang dibutuhkan oleh peneliti dalam menyusun konstrukteoritik penelitiannya.
An exploration of the influence of drama as praxis on the recreational experience of residents in a long-term care setting

This study uses a grounded theory approach (Charmaz, 2006) in a small case study to examine if drama as praxis influences long-term care residents when presented as a recreational activity. When used as “praxis” (Taylor, 2000), drama focuses solely on the learning and personal growth of the participants. The growth of long-term care underscores the value of recreational programming for quality of life in these institutions; drama as praxis has not been widely used in this context. Elements of the literature review were used to identify areas where dramatic activities have demonstrated influence in educational contexts: • Engagement / Participation • Self-Confidence / Sense of Efficacy • Social Skills / Empathy • Creativity / Imagination • Cognitive Skill Development / Understanding These became sensitizing concepts for the creation of “drama as praxis” activities, presented in six sessions to a small group of residents at a long-term care residence in the Toronto area. Data collection was based on the researcher’s observations and participant interviews.
Health and support for students

This thesis compares the self-reported physical and mental health status, utilisation and satisfaction with Student Health Services, of domestic and international students in Health Sciences First Year and the Health Sciences stream of Foundation Year at the University of Otago. This was a cross-sectional survey sent out to 590 undergraduate Health Sciences First Year students 6 weeks prior to their final exams, of whom 418 (70.8%) responded. A random sample of domestic students was selected while all intemational students from the Health Sciences First Year course were eligible. International students from Asian and Middle Eastem countlies also included students from the Foundation Studies (Health Sciences stream). The main outcome measures were the SF12-v2 (measuring self-assessed physical and mental health), satisfaction with Student Health Services, issues facing students and help-seeking pattems. The study showed no statistically significant differences in the self-reported physical and mental health of these students, nor in their satisfaction with Student Health Services or in issues facing domestic and international students. Fewer intemational students visited the Student Health Services than domestic students but the mean number of visits was the same across the two groups. Twenty-four percent of the domestic group and 25% of the international group displayed SF12 Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores that indicated moderate mental distress. Eleven percent of domestic students and 12% of international students displayed SF12 MCS scores that showed severe mental distress. Three percent of students in each group utilised the mental health services at Student Health. International students more often said that they would prefer a doctor of the same cultural background. ·This was statistically significantly different from the domestic students. In the hypothetical situation of seeking help when sad or depressed, propmtionately more domestic students than international students said they would seek professional help.
Sensegiving and Crowd Safety after the Pearl Jam Concert Accident

Sensegiving has been studied as a process that occurs within the boundaries of a single organization where managers are sensegivers, and employees are sensereceivers. Speed as it relates to sensegiving has not been explored. Here, the focus is on how Roskilde rock music Festival gives fast sense to festival crowds during concerts. This focus allows not only exploration of the role of speed on sensegiving but also how it occurs across the boundary of an organization rather than between managers and employees within it. Semi-structured interviews, archival data, direct observations, and field notes are applied to study the development of the sensegiving capacity of the security organization after the Pearl Jam concert accident in 2000, where nine people died and 35 were injured. The analysis reveals how understanding sensegiving as a boundary-crossing process that commence long before the Festival starts created a new capability for generating fast sensegiving to the crowd during actual concerts. These findings have important implications for organization theory as they reframe the link between sensegiving and sensemaking processes in organizations.
ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF CUSTOMER INTENTION TO ADOPT INTERNET BANKING THROUGH GAMIFICATION

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of gamification in the use of internet banking on the intention of customers to adopt and recommend internet banking towards Compatibility, Innovativeness, Web Design, Web Characteristic, Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy . This research will help the Bank to measure the effect of gamification towards their customer to use Internet Banking. So they can innovate their Internet Banking system to be more fun and entertaining, so the customer will feel more enjoy to use and they will recommend to other people. Design/methodology/approach – 192 responses were collected from customers of internet banking user by using an online questionnaire. Using the convenience sampling approach. The collected data was analyzed using SEM with the help of PLS. Findings – The results indicate that intention to adopt internet banking is positively affected by Innovativeness, Web Design Performance Expectancy and Effort Expectancy . While compatibility and web characteristic doesn’t have a positive effect. The moderating effect of gamification suggested that the relationship between customer intention to adopt and customer intention to recommend will make the gamification effect become weak. Practical Implications – The research suggests that web designer and bank management should focus on the website design of the internet banking. Enjoyable internet banking website with reward and point system will help to improve user’s intention to adopt and intention to recommend internet banking with others. So the bank should make an innovative reward system for every transaction in internet banking. Originality/value – This research provide the technology acceptance construct and adding the game elements in technology perspective of internet banking as a moderating effect, to analyze the element effect towards intention to use and intention to recommend.
An Epidemiologic Analysis of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections in Female Federal Prisoners

Abstract : Infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) are the most commonly reported bacterial sexually transmitted infections in the U.S. No studies have been conducted to determine the prevalence of these two infections in women federal prisoners. Information about the prevalence of and risk factors for the infections may assist the Federal Bureau of Prisons to implement a rational screening approach for CT and GC in female inmates. Two study phases were implemented as part of this protocol. The first study phase relied on qualitative techniques: focus groups and group-based cognitive interviews were implemented to assist in the design of the study instrument and study procedures to be used in the second phase of the study. For the second, quantitative phase, urine specimens and self-collected swabs were taken from 983 women incarcerated in two federal prison facilities in the U.S. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, and sexual and clinical history. Another questionnaire was administered to participants after specimen collection on preferences for self-collected swab, urine collection and pelvic examination. Specimens were analyzed at the Johns Hopkins University Chlamydia laboratory using strand displacement amplification technology to detect the presence of CT and/or GC DNA. Prevalence of CT and GC was calculated for each of the prison sites. Potential risk markers associated with infection were assessed. Participants preferences of self-collected swab and urine were also compared between the two sites. CT infection was found in 1.3% of the participants at one site where women are screened when they enter the prison, and in 2.3% at the other site, where women are not screened.