Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seed vigor testing: an overview of the past, present and future perspective

The assessment of seed vigor has many important implications to the seed industry as a basic monitoring of seed physiological potential during different phases of seed production and a support for strategic decisions regarding the selection of high quality seedlots to meet the consumer demand. The potential attributes of seed vigor as a fundamental physiological seed characteristic and its association with field stand establishment and crop productivity has been worldwide recognized from the 1960s onward. This led to the diversification of research approaches involving the synchronization of different physiological characteristics and events that determine the potential for high performance during seed storage and after sowing. The basic objective of vigor testing is to provide a consistent identification of differences in physiological potential among seedlots of commercial value and this represents a more sensitive parameter than the germination test. There are various procedures to assess seed vigor including those that directly or indirectly evaluate seed metabolic state or identify seed tolerance to specific stress(es). At the same time, in more recent years, new knowledge has come from molecular biology, biotechnology, biophysics and seed and seedling imaging analyses; these approaches has been important complements to traditional seed research. This text has the purpose to emphasize the role of Brazilian research in seed vigor, whose competence is internationally recognized, and to provide an overview of the evolution of knowledge also attempting to highlight events that contributed to the advancement of research on the subject.
Trends in Cleaning Relational Data: Consistency and Deduplication

Data quality is one of the most important problems in data management, since dirty data often leads to inaccurate data analytics results and wrong business decisions. Poor data across businesses and the government cost the U.S. economy $3.1 trillion a year, according to a reportby InsightSquared in 2012. To detect data errors, data quality rules or integrity constraints ICs have been proposed as a declarative way to describe legal or correct data instances. Any subset of data that does not conform to the defined rules is considered erroneous, which is also referred to as a violation. Various kinds of data repairing techniques with different objectives have been introduced, where algorithms are used to detect subsets of the data that violate the declared integrity constraints, and even to suggest updates to the database such that the new database instance conforms with these constraints. While some of these algorithms aim to minimally change the database, others involve human experts or knowledge bases to verify the repairs suggested by the automatic repeating algorithms. In this paper, we discuss the main facets and directions in designing error detection and repairing techniques. We propose a taxonomy of current anomaly detection techniques, including error types, the automation of the detection process, and error propagation. We also propose a taxonomy of current data repairing techniques, including the repair target, the automation of the repair process, and the update model. We conclude by highlighting current trends in "big data" cleaning.
Multi-Modal Event Topic Model for Social Event Analysis

Message from the Review Board Directors 2 Multi-Modal Event Topic Model for Social Event Analysis 3 A short review for “Multi-Modal Event Topic Model for Social Event Analysis” (Edited by Pradeep K. Atrey) Distributed Interference Management for Next Generation Wireless Networks 5 A short review for “Distributed Interference Management Policies for Heterogeneous Small Cell Networks” (Edited by Cong Shen) Optimization of Energy Efficiency for MIMO-OFDM Mobile Multimedia Communications 7
Credit Card Fraud Detection & Prevention of Fraud Using Genetic Algorithm

— Companies and institutions move parts of their business, or the entire business, towards online services providing e-commerce, information and communication services for the purpose of allowing their customers better efficiency and accessibility. Payment card fraud has become a serious problem throughout the world. Companies and institutions loose huge amounts annually due to fraud and fraudsters continuously seek new ways to commit illegal actions. In this we will try to detect fraudulent transaction through the with the genetic algorithm. Genetic algorithm are used for making the decision about the network topology, number of hidden layers, number of nodes that will be used in the design of neural network for our problem of credit card fraud detection.
Host–guest complexes of conformationally flexible C-hexyl-2-bromoresorcinarene and aromatic N-oxides: solid-state, solution and computational studies

Host–guest complexes of C-hexyl-2-bromoresorcinarene (BrC6) with twelve potential aromatic N-oxide guests were studied using single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and 1H NMR spectroscopy. In the solid state, of the nine obtained X-ray crystal structures, eight were consistent with the formation of BrC6-N-oxide endo complexes. The lone exception was from the association between 4-phenylpyridine N-oxide and BrC6, in that case the host forms a self-inclusion complex. BrC6, as opposed to more rigid previously studied C-ethyl-2-bromoresorcinarene and C-propyl-2-bromoresorcinarene, undergoes remarkable cavity conformational changes to host different N-oxide guests through C–H···π(host) interactions. In solution phase CD3OD/CDCl3 (1:1 v/v), all twelve N-oxide guests form endo complexes according to 1H NMR; however, in more polar CD3OD/DMSO-d6 (9:1 v/v), only three N-oxides with electron-donating groups form solution-phase endo complexes with BrC6. In solid-state studies, 3-methylpyridine N-oxide+BrC6 crystallises with both the upper- and lower-rim BrC6 cavities occupied by N-oxide guests. Computational DFT-based studies support that lower-rim long hexyl chains provide the additional stability required for this ditopic behaviour. The lower-rim cavity, far from being a neutral hydrophobic environment, is a highly polarizable electrostatically positive surface, aiding in the binding of polar guests such as N-oxides.
Historical Trends in Executive Compensation, 1936-2003

Soaring executive compensation during the past two decades has sparked an interest in CEO and other top management pay. We add a long-term perspective to this trend by constructing the first panel dataset to follow the compensation of top executives in large firms from 1936 to the present. The average real value of total compensation experienced three distinct phases: a sharp decline during World War II, a modest and gradual increase from the mid-1940s to the 1970s, and a high and accelerating growth rate in the 1980s and 1990s. The structure of executive pay has undergone a steady transformation during the past fifty years, as stock options and long-term incentive payments have become a larger share of compensation over time. To explain the trends in the level and structure of pay, we assess the contributions of tax policy and the growth in the market value of firms. We find that executives facing larger cuts in marginal income tax rates had larger reductions in stock option grants during the 1960s, revealing that tax policy influenced the composition of managerial pay. High income taxes also limited the total value of compensation by changing the correlation of pay with the market value of firms. Our simulation results suggest that, had taxes been at their low 2000 level throughout the past 60 years, compensation would have been 35 percent higher during the 1950s and 1960s. Hence, progressive taxation in the past restrained managerial compensation from keeping pace with the growing size of firms.
Job satisfaction in a food service chain of restaurants

Investigated by several disciplines such as psychology, sociology, economics and management sciences, job satisfaction is belived to affect labor market behavior and influence work productivity, work effort, employee absenteeism and staff turnover. Furthermore job satisfaction is considered a strong predictor of overall individual well-being. There aren’t many Portuguese studies on the area of job satisfaction and it is nearly impossible to find any related to food service. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and correlate job satisfaction, turnover and socio-demographic characteristics of a population of food service employees from a Typical Portuguese Food chain of restaurants. In order to achieve this purpose we used a socio-demographic questionnaire and an adaptation to Portuguese of the Overall Job Satisfaction Scale developed by Warr, Cook and Wall. Overall we concluded that employees working in this food service company are satisfied with their jobs. We found that like satisfaction with your immediate boss, satisfaction with the opportunities to use your abilities and satisfaction with your fellow workers are the ones that relate more to socio-demographic and restaurant variables and therefore should be taken into account by food service managers. Surprisingly sales was the variable with greater impact in the job satisfaction questionnaire, employees working in restaurants with higher sales state higher levels of overall satisfaction. Looking at our results from a different point of view we see that time in the food service area and function within the restaurant are the two social-demographic
Running title : 1 Label-based comparative co-expression 2 3 Title : 4 FamNet : A framework to identify multiplied modules driving pathway expansion in 5 plants

Running title: 1 Label-based comparative co-expression 2 3 Title: 4 FamNet: A framework to identify multiplied modules driving pathway expansion in 5 plants. 6 7 Colin Ruprecht1, Amelie Mendrinna1,2, Takayuki Tohge1, Arun Sampathkumar3, 8 Sebastian Klie1, Alisdair R. Fernie1, Zoran Nikoloski1, Staffan Persson1,2,4#, Marek 9 Mutwil1*# 10 11 1 Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 12
Using Multimodal Information to Support Spoken Dialogue Interaction between Humans and Robots without Intrusive Language processing

This position paper expounds our recent views on autonomous spoken dialogue processing without (or with only minimal use of) automatic speech recognition (ASR). It argues that autonomous systems can be trained to read non-verbal signals which facilitate transition through a pre-prepared or stored utterance sequence so that only minimal processing of actual spoken content is needed. Of course no system, machine or human, will be able to continue an extended conversation without understanding the meaning, but we claim that it is not necessary to process each and every spoken word in order to satisfactorily complete an everyday spoken interaction.
Environmental Taxes and the Choice of Green Technology

We study several important aspects of using environmental taxes or pollution fines to motivate the choice of innovative and “green” emissions-reducing technologies. In our model, the environmental regulator (Stackelberg leader) sets the tax level, and in response to it a profit-maximizing monopolistic firm (Stackelberg follower), facing price-dependent demand, selects emissions control technology, production quantity and price. The available technologies vary in environmental efficiency, as well as in the fixed and variable costs. We find that a firm’s reaction to an increase in taxes is in general non-monotone: while an initial increase in taxes may motivate a switch to a greener technology, further tax increases may motivate a reverse switch. This reverse effect can be avoided by subsidizing the fixed costs of the green technology; otherwise it could lead to cases under which a given technology cannot be induced with taxes. We then analyze the socially optimal tax level and the technology choice it motivates. We find that when the regulator is moderately concerned with environmental impacts, the tax level that maximizes social welfare simultaneously motivates the choice of clean technology, resulting in a so-called double dividend. Both low and high levels of environmental concerns lead to the choice of dirty technology. The latter effect can be avoided by subsidizing the capital cost of green technology. Overall, providing a subsidy in conjunction with taxing emissions is generally beneficial: it improves technology choice and increases social welfare; however it may increase the optimal tax level.
What do upper secondary students learn about evolution from an animation of antibiotic resistance

Biological evolution can be described as a unifying concept in biology. A thorough understanding of evolution is thus important to fully understand different areas of biology. However, learning the concepts of evolution has proven difficult, both to students and teachers. During the last decade, the notion of threshold concepts in learning has emerged. Passing the threshold or grasping the threshold concept is a transformative process, thought to be irreversible and has been described as passing a portal to new areas of understanding. Threshold concepts of importance to understanding evolution has been suggested to be time, spatial scale, complexity, randomness and probability. A hypothesis is therefore that facilitating understanding of those threshold concepts also will lead to a greater understanding of evolutionary mechanisms.Visualisations in science communication and learning has gained increased interest and animations as a form of visualisations has proven to facilitate learning in some situations. Since many (threshoid) concepts in evolution are untangible, such as deep time, small scale (micro and sub micro scale) animations could be a way to make those concepts more tangible for learners. In order to explore the potential for animations in learning evolution by making threshold concepts more tangible an interactive animation was designed and tested with upper secondary students in the course Biology 1. The subject of the animation was development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.Learning effect was measured as differences in pre and post test scores on a selection of previously used concept questions from the literature, the concept inventory of natural selection (CINS). Open ended questions were also used as well as interview sessions, to gain more insight to the eventual effects of the animation. No statiscally significant improvement in the CINS scores could be observed in total, however improvement on a specific question category (biotic potential) could be observed. The number of misconceptions on evolution seemed unaffected after animation. Indications of conceptual conflicts could also be observed after the animation, indicating a potential for conceptual change with future revisions of the animation.
The Estimation of Renal Function with 99 m Tc-DTPA and 99 m Tc-MAG 3

The estimation of glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow based on camera-based methods for diagnostic and prognostic are studied by manually ROIs drawing on dynamic renal scintigraphy. The manually ROIs drawing may reduce the convenience and reliability. This paper proposes a estimation of glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow based on camera-based methods with Tc diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid and Tc mercaptoacetyltriglycine, respectively, using semiautomated regions of interest for dynamic renal scintigraphy in DICOM format. The salient feature of proposed method is the development of semiautomated ROIs definition based on the elastic parameter is controlled by distance vector flow. This paper presents the semiautomated ROIs definition results to verify the proposed method as comparing with manual ROIs definition and ROIs definition based on distance vector flow. In addition, the estimation of GFR and ERPF, is tested with dynamic renal scintigraphy in DICOM 3.0 standard, compare the APEX-XPERT Program. The result showed that the semiautomated method can define ROIs for dynamic renal scintigraphy with limited physician intervention. Camerabased methods using the semiautomated ROIs allow estimation of GFR and ERPF with high accuracy and are suggested to be suitable for clinical use. In addition, the mean of determined GFR and ERPF by the semiautomated ROIs no differs from APEX -XPERT program at the 5% level of significance.
ANDLING T IME OF S OFTWARE D EFECTS

The problem of accurately predicting handling time for software defects is of great practical importance. However, it is difficult to suggest a practical generic algorithm for such estimates, due in part to the limited information available when opening a defect and the lack of a uniform standard for defect structure. We suggest an algorithm to address these challenges that is implementable over different defect management tools. Our algorithm uses machine learning regression techniques to predict the handling time of defects based on past behaviour of similar defects. The algorithm relies only on a minimal set of assumptions about the structure of the input data. We show how an implementation of this algorithm predicts defect handling time with promising accuracy results.
Biochemical Analysis of the COPII Coat Reveals Cargo Recruitment Is a Distinct Step from Vesicle Packaging

The endomembrane system is the defining feature of eukaryotic cells and ensures that the appropriate proteins are sorted and transported to their correct subcellular location where they perform their biological functions. The coat protein complex II (COPII) mediates the formation of COPII vesicles, which are responsible for exporting proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The core COPII coat consists of five proteins: the small GTPase Sar1, the Sec23/24 heterodimer, and the Sec13/31 heterotetramer. The recognition and subsequent packaging of cargo into COPII vesicles is mediated by interaction with the Sec24 subunit.The development of a cell-free vesicle budding reaction has facilitated a biochemical analysis of COPII trafficking. Initial experiments examining COPII packaging of mammalian cargo proteins suggested that while some cargo proteins could be packaged directly by the core COPII components, other cargo proteins seemed to require additional cytosolic factors for efficient packaging. Whether auxiliary cytosolic factors exist to promote the COPII packaging of a specific subset of cargo proteins is the central question that motivated the work described in this dissertation.This question was first approached using Vangl2, a cell surface localized transmembrane protein involved in planar cell polarity signaling, as a model cargo molecule. However, during the course of characterizing COPII packaging of Vangl2 in vitro, it was determined that this was not the appropriate system to address this question. As a result, proTGFα, the precursor form of transforming growth factor alpha, was chosen as a model cargo protein to continue to address the central question.Here, I describe the key observations that show the existence of auxiliary cytosolic factor(s) that are required for efficient COPII packaging of specific cargo. In the particular case of proTGFα, both its recruitment by the COPII machinery and its final packaging into COPII vesicles require the cooperation of one or more auxiliary cytosolic factors and a transmembrane cargo receptor, Cornichon-1. Moreover, I present evidence showing that interaction of cargo proteins with the COPII coat is insufficient for packaging into COPII vesicles. This suggests that cargo recruitment and vesicle packaging are two distinct steps of COPII vesicle formation. Taken together, these observations provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of COPII vesicle formation in mammals.
Visual Servoin 24 . Visual Servoing and Visual Tracking

This chapter introduces visual servo control, using computer vision data in the servo loop to control the motion of a robot. We first describe the basic techniques that are by now well established in the field. We give a general overview of the formulation of the visual servo control problem, and describe the two archetypal visual servo control schemes: image-based and position-based visual servo control. We then discuss performance and stability issues that pertain to these two schemes, motivating advanced techniques. Of the many advanced techniques that have been developed, we discuss 2.5-D, hybrid, partitioned, and switched approaches. Having covered a variety of control schemes, we conclude by turning briefly to the problems of target tracking and controlling motion directly in the joint space.
Letter to the editor in response to the article “ Does adrenal spraying over thyroidectomy area reduce bleeding ? ” by Ersoy et al

1. After thyroidectomy hemorrhage is a life threatening complication if not recognized early. Homeostasis in thyroid surgery is achieved commonly by means of conventional clamp and tie technique, diathermy. In total thyroidectomy all vessels are tied so theoretically there is 0% rate of hemorrhage unless a ligature slips. In our experience meticulous tying with suture is the best tool to prevent bleeding. Studies have shown that various causes of bleeding are arterial, venous, from muscle, soft tissue and indeterminate [2]. This spray will serve benefit only for patients who do not bleed from capillaries. Adrenaline has vasoconstrictor action through alphaadrenergic receptor activation causing contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels, especially large arteries and small arterioles. Adrenaline will not contract lymphatic vessels or capillaries. Patients develop fluid collection or seroma in thyroid bed after surgery which is drained by drains. This is the reason of abandoning drain in many units practicing thyroid surgery regularly. Patient will have slight bulge in the lower neck because of fluid collection which will be absorbed spontaneously in two weeks time. This serous fluid is essentially lymphatic fluid from damaged lymphatic channels. There can be hemorrhage from capillaries and both do not have any smooth muscle in their wall. Authors have not discussed the pathophysiology of adrenaline spray action in thyroid bed in initial 24 hours. Hemorrhage has been noticed even after 24 hours post operatively.
Josephson Vortices in High Tc Superconductors

When a magnetic field is applied to the type-II superconductors in a superconducting state, the magnetic field penetrates into the superconductors above the first critical field Hc1, and is quantized in a unit of 0 (=h/2e=2.07x 10-7gauss.cm2). This is a general view of magnetic flux (vortex) in the type-II superconductors as schematically drawn in Fig.1 (a). The wave function of superconductivity  extends to the coherence length , and the applied magnetic field H is screened by the supercurrent in a range of the penetration depth of  from the center of vortex core. In this case, vortex has a core of normal state. In a lower magnetic field, vortices behave as isolated vortices. When the magnetic field becomes higher, interaction between/among vortices, vortices form „Abrikosov“ vortex lattice in triangular or square distribution, which has been observed by scanning tunneling microscope (Hess et al. 1994) and small angle neutron scattering (Yethiraj et al, 1993) mainly in mettalic and intermetallic superconductors.