Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extinction at the end-Cretaceous and the origin of modern Neotropical rainforests

The birth of modern rainforests The origin of modern rainforests can be traced to the aftermath of the bolide impact at the end of the Cretaceous. Carvalho et al. used fossilized pollen and leaves to characterize the changes that took place in northern South American forests at this time (see the Perspective by Jacobs and Currano). They not only found changes in species composition but were also able to infer changes in forest structure. Extinctions were widespread, especially among gymnosperms. Angiosperm taxa came to dominate the forests over the 6 million years of recovery, when the flora began to resemble that of modern lowland neotropical forest. The leaf data also imply that the forest canopy evolved from relatively open to closed and layered, leading to increased vertical stratification and a greater diversity of plant growth forms. Science, this issue p. 63; see also p. 28 Analysis of fossil pollen and leaf assemblages from Colombia tracks the pattern of forest composition into the Paleocene. The end-Cretaceous event was catastrophic for terrestrial communities worldwide, yet its long-lasting effect on tropical forests remains largely unknown. We quantified plant extinction and ecological change in tropical forests resulting from the end-Cretaceous event using fossil pollen (>50,000 occurrences) and leaves (>6000 specimens) from localities in Colombia. Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) rainforests were characterized by an open canopy and diverse plant–insect interactions. Plant diversity declined by 45% at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary and did not recover for ~6 million years. Paleocene forests resembled modern Neotropical rainforests, with a closed canopy and multistratal structure dominated by angiosperms. The end-Cretaceous event triggered a long interval of low plant diversity in the Neotropics and the evolutionary assembly of today’s most diverse terrestrial ecosystem.
The Emotional and Cognitive Scale of the Human–Nature Relationship (ECS-HNR)

A bidimensional (cognitive–emotional) novel survey, the Emotional and Cognitive Scale of the Human–Nature Relationship (ECS-HNR), was designed and validated to measure Ecological Awareness (EAW) and Ecological Affectiveness (EAF) as vital aspects of the human–nature relationship. Data were collected in Chile between July and October 2019 from 474 participants ranging between 6 and 85 years old, using the snowball sampling technique. To examine the properties of the ECS-HNR we analyzed the results in terms of its content validity, reliability, factor structure, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. The ECS-HNR comprises 24 items divided into two subscales with three subscales each (EAF: Empathy, Enjoyment, and Connectedness; EAW: Understanding, Appreciation, and Perception). The results demonstrated that the ECS-HNR is a reliable instrument, as items (the two scales and their subscales) exhibited an acceptable internal consistency. Our findings demonstrate that the ECS-HNR allows the integration of both dimensions of the human–nature relationship and is appropriate to evaluate attitudes and feelings toward nature.
The Virtue of School Leadership: Three Paths to Fulfilling Value Forms

This study discusses the fulfillment of value forms by examining the virtue of school leadership. The virtue of school leadership stresses character traits in leaders that focus on the pursuit of excellence, appear as a value form, comprise paths to fulfilling values, reinforce leaders’ positive motivation, and foster reform in schools. To investigate this phenomenon, a qualitative method was adopted to interview 18 leaders from schools in northern Taiwan. The analysis of the findings suggests that staff who exhibit the virtue of school leadership focus on leading by example, satisfying others, surmounting failures, and adhering to ideals, which involve three paths to fulfilling value forms.
Understanding the Antecedents and Consequences of Green Human Capital

Green human capital (GHC) is regarded as one of the primary attributes individuals need to develop in the era of environmental degradation. Many existing studies indicate that it is probably an important indicator of employees’ satisfaction in the workplace. Thus, based on trait theory and ability–motivation–opportunity theory, the current study examines the antecedents and outcomes of GHC among 630 employees from the manufacturing and service companies in Guangdong Province. The research employs Big Five personality and green training as the predictors of GHC, and job satisfaction as the outcome variable. Partial least squares structural equation modeling is used to analyze the data. The findings show that, in Big Five personality domains, only agreeableness and openness have a positive as well as significant impact on the individuals’ GHC, and that green training also has a positive influence on the GHC. GHC has a positive impact on the employees’ job satisfaction. The research findings and managerial implications are then discussed in detail.
Encouraging Employee Engagement With Cybersecurity: How to Tackle Cyber Fatigue

Cybersecurity fatigue is a form of work disengagement specific to cybersecurity. It manifests as a weariness or aversion to cybersecurity-related workplace behaviors or advice and occurs as a result of prior overexposure to cybersecurity-related work demands or training. While some previous theoretical conceptualizations of cybersecurity fatigue are available, this article is the first to capture all dimensions of the phenomenon in a four-component model. The model holds that cybersecurity fatigue can result from overexposure to workplace cybersecurity advice (e.g., training) or cybersecurity actions (e.g., forced password updates). Similarly, we argue that there can be two types of cybersecurity fatigue: attitudinal (e.g., a belief that cybersecurity is not important) and cognitive (e.g., habituated bad behaviors). We present a multidisciplinary review, which draws on research from management, psychology, and information systems. Practitioners can use the four-component model to identify the type of cybersecurity fatigue that may be occurring in employees and adapt workplace processes accordingly to improve behavior. In addition, we present three illustrative case studies, adapted from employee experiences, to demonstrate the application of the four-component model to an organizational context. The review presents a framework for coordinating the existing approaches to cybersecurity fatigue in the current literature.
Terrorism and Voting Behavior: Evidence from the United States

This article examines the impact of terrorism on voting behavior in the United States. We rely on an exhaustive list of terror attacks over the period 1970–2016 and exploit the inherent randomness of the success or failure of terror attacks to identify the political impacts of terrorism. We first confirm that the success of terror attacks is plausibly random by showing that it is orthogonal to potential confounders. We then show that on average successful attacks have no effect on presidential and non-presidential elections. As a benchmark, we also rely on a more naïve identification strategy using all the counties not targeted by terrorists as a comparison group. We show that using this naïve identification strategy leads to strikingly different results overestimating the effect of terror attacks on voting behavior. Overall, our results indicate that terrorism has less of an influence on voters than is usually thought.
Comparative Analysis of North and South Cyprus’ Teachers’ Perceptions of Teachers’ Unions

This study aims to examine the views of primary school teachers from North and South Cyprus on Teachers’ Unions. Qualitative research and a comparative case study method were used for the study. Thirty-seven primary school teachers from North and South Cyprus participated in this study. The data were obtained through interviews and analyzed by the content analysis method. The comparison of the findings of the research suggests that the functions of trade unions are related to the pressing issues of education, teachers, and the nation in both regions. Turkish Cypriots placed emphasis on education-related functions, while for Greek Cypriots teachers-related functions mattered more. Turkish Cypriot teachers assessed the functions of their unions to be more unsatisfactory than their Greek Cypriot counterparts’.
Active Participation of E-Consumer: A Qualitative Analysis From Fashion Retailer Perspective

This work aims to study the web innovation strategies used by Spanish companies in the fashion and accessories sector, with the specific aim of analyzing co-creation as an innovation strategy so that this link with customers will improve efficiency and effectiveness in decision-making. Qualitative research was carried out through in-depth interviews with Spanish professionals and companies in the fashion and accessories sector. Then, a theoretical model was proposed. This model integrates value co-creation, social networking, participation, engagement, feedback, and other variables. This qualitative analysis has relevant value for the professional sector because there are many papers from consumers’ perspective; however, studies from the retail sector’s perspective are less common in the literature. This study contributes ideas for the strategy of co-participation with clients to improve the activity and management of fashion companies.
Making the Black Box Transparent: A Template and Tutorial for Registration of Studies Using Experience-Sampling Methods

A growing interest in understanding complex and dynamic psychological processes as they occur in everyday life has led to an increase in studies using ambulatory assessment techniques, including the experience-sampling method (ESM) and ecological momentary assessment. These methods, however, tend to involve numerous forking paths and researcher degrees of freedom, even beyond those typically encountered with other research methodologies. Although a number of researchers working with ESM techniques are actively engaged in efforts to increase the methodological rigor and transparency of research that uses them, currently there is little routine implementation of open-science practices in ESM research. In this article, we discuss the ways in which ESM research is especially vulnerable to threats to transparency, reproducibility, and replicability. We propose that greater use of study registration, a cornerstone of open science, may address some of these threats to the transparency of ESM research. Registration of ESM research is not without challenges, including model selection, accounting for potential model-convergence issues, and the use of preexisting data sets. As these may prove to be significant barriers for ESM researchers, we also discuss ways of overcoming these challenges and of documenting them in a registration. A further challenge is that current general preregistration templates do not adequately capture the unique features of ESM. We present a registration template for ESM research and also discuss registration of studies using preexisting data.
An Exploration of School Organization Metaphors and Their Contribution to School Change

This study explores the development of organizational theory through understanding comprehensive resources of metaphors and the synergy of these metaphors’ changes in momentum. The comprehensive resources of organizational metaphors emphasize that exploration and detection of the complementary relationship between multiple metaphors can promote the development of organizational theory and the acquisition of generic competence requirements to stimulate the synergistic momentum for school reform and to respond to student needs. In this study, questionnaires were used to analyze the opinions of 409 school members across 28 middle schools. The questionnaire explored 17 metaphors and their qualitative meanings. Subsequently, according to the meanings of the metaphor momentum, 41 principals, administrative staff, teachers, and parents were interviewed. The results demonstrate that with bureaucracy as the core of the thought, machine metaphor, community metaphor, politics metaphor, organism metaphor, and brain metaphor interact to promote the development of school organization theory to stimulate school change.
Prison officers’ coping strategies in a high-profile critical situation: Imprisonment after the 2011 terrorist attacks in Norway

The terror attacks in Norway on 22 July 2011 had a significant and lasting impact on Norwegian society. This article discusses a study of the prison officers who worked with the convicted offender Anders Behring Breivik in the days and weeks following the attacks. The prison officers were emotionally affected by the case, to the point where they were concerned that their professional performance might suffer. When not at work, they were constantly reminded of the consequences of the terrorist attacks through media channels and conversations with family, friends and neighbours. To remain professional in a situation that they found personally very challenging, they developed particular coping strategies. These strategies allowed them to avoid conflicts between the work, family and society spheres in the sense of their personal lives affecting their work performance and vice versa. The officers were forced to make concessions in their personal lives, however, which meant that their professional lives as prison officers moved beyond the boundaries of the prison.
Can “Live Streaming” Really Drive Visitors to the Destination? From the Aspect of “Social Presence”

The combination of live-streaming technology and tourism is an important development in the evolution of tourism experiences. Research on live-streaming tourism is becoming popular, but empirical studies on the relationship between live streaming and travel intention remain underexplored. The aim of this article is to determine whether live streaming has an impact on travel intention. This article collects 614 questionnaires and uses structural equation models (SEMs) to test the relevant hypotheses. This study makes some contributions to the literature on live-streaming tourism. First, it explains the relationship between live streaming and travel intention from the perspective of social presence: The presence of a destination image, the presence of an interaction, and the presence of production can effectively improve people’s trust and, in return, influence their travel intention. Second, this article verifies the role of trust in tourism management. This article is one of the earliest studies on the relationship between live streaming and travel intention, which has significance for the development of tourism management–related theories and practical management.
Urdu Translation and Validation of 11-Item Measure to Assess Borderline Personality Features in Pakistani Adolescents

The current study includes Urdu translation and validation of Borderline Personality Features Scale–11 (BPFS-11) in two phases. Phase 1 included forward and back translation of BPFS-11, and Phase 2 included establishment of psychometric properties for BPFS-11. For this purpose, 930 adolescents were selected from different hospitals, schools, and colleges. The reliability value of the scale was . 72. Exploratory factor analysis revealed factor structure with four principal dimensions; besides confirmatory factor analysis, goodness-of-fit indices indicated good fit of model to data, and two dimensions of scale and factors showed good values of internal consistency. The obtained value for goodness-of-fit index was . 995, for adjusted goodness-of-fit index was . 989, for comparative fit index was . 998, for incremental fit index was . 998, and for root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) value was . 019. Good values of composite reliability and convergent validity were measured for both dimensions of the scale. The analysis of criterion-related validity showed significant positive correlation of BPFS-11 with Affective Lability Scale, Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory, and neuroticism scale of Big Five Inventory. Significant differences were found between scores of individuals having borderline personality disorder and scores of normal individuals. The results of the current study indicated that BPFS-11 is short and easily administered diagnostic tool that has good psychometric properties and can be helpful for diagnosis of borderline personality features in adolescents. It can enhance the understanding of the participants regarding the statements of the scale for Urdu natives.
The Moderating Role of Employability in the Hospitality Industry: Undesired Job Outcomes

The topic of “Employability” has gained significant attention in recent years. Its impact on organizational behavior could be seen through the research literature on job loss and job search. Employability is all about gaining and maintaining employment, it involves the ability to move autonomously and to deal effectively with the career-related changes occurring in the current uncertain labor market. This empirical study aims to design and test a research model that investigates the moderating effect of employability on the relationships between job insecurity (JI) and service sabotage (SS). It also measures the impact of (JI) on the (SS) behavior. Frontline employees who were working in three and four-star hotels in Cameroon were the sample of this specific study. To test the study variables, a hierarchical regression analysis was applied and supported the research hypotheses. In line with the study predictions and earlier literature findings (JI) had a significant and positive impact on (S.S). The result interestingly revealed that employability increases the relationship between (JI) and (S.S). The findings of this study offer some insights about employability’s importance and influencing factors on employee’s job choice and their attitudes during job performance in the organizations. Theoretical contribution, practical implications of the empirical findings, and future research directions are provided.
Chief Executive Officer Dismissal: A Multidisciplinary Integration and Critical Analysis

Dismissal (or involuntary exit) of the chief executive officer (CEO) is a significant milestone with substantial implications for organizations and their members. The growing occurrence of CEO dismissals, and increased academic interest in this area, motivates our comprehensive multidisciplinary synthesis of the extant literature. Our analysis is organized around understanding the antecedents and outcomes of CEO dismissal, and the relevant moderators that play a contingent role in the nomological network. Based on our synthesis of the extant cross-disciplinary literature, we offer a multilevel organizing framework articulating the current state of research on CEO dismissal. In doing so, we catalog and analyze the concepts, theories, and constructs prevalent in the CEO dismissal literature. We also offer an in-depth discussion for the field going forward and identify a constructive agenda for future research on CEO dismissal.
The Association Between Attachment Patterns and Parenting Styles With Emotion Regulation Among Palestinian Preschoolers

In the current study, we investigated the contribution of attachment and parenting to emotion regulation among preschool children in Palestine. Specifically, we set out to test the hypothesis that both parenting styles and patterns of attachment would be associated with children’s emotion regulation abilities. The sample comprised 150 children from 10 public preschools in Northern Palestine. The preschoolers’ levels of emotion regulation were found to be associated with their parents’ parenting styles. More specifically, permissive and authoritative parenting styles were positively associated with emotion regulation and authoritarian and uninvolved parenting styles were negatively associated with emotion regulation. In addition, a statistically significant positive correlation was found between secure attachment and emotion regulation.
Current Trend and Determinants of Intentions to Migrate: Evidence From China

The increasing pace of globalization and competition for highly skilled professionals have accelerated the international mobility across national boundaries for knowledge exchange and economic reasons. The purpose of this study was to examine the current trend and determinants of migration intentions in China. For this purpose, we carried out a survey in China from 2021 respondents by using a probability sampling technique. For empirical estimation, we employed the logistic regression estimation technique to compute and evaluate the data. In the findings of this study, several push-and-pull factors have been identified for both inflow and outflow of skilled human capital in China. The findings of this study derived that high wages outside China and low wages within China are considered as the top reasons to leave China. In addition, more opportunities and a better lifestyle in the host countries are the key factors to push skilled human capital from China. The results also indicate that better education in the host countries has a positive correlation with migration intentions in China. Therefore, it can be argued that education, wages, more opportunities and better lifestyle are the significant push factors that determine why highly educated people emigrate from China.
Looking at the Gig Picture: Defining Gig Work and Explaining Profile Differences in Gig Workers’ Job Demands and Resources

Gig workers are a growing portion of the workforce and of increased interest to researchers. Recent reports suggest one in four workers is involved in gig work to some extent. Additionally, gig work has been a trending topic in organizational psychology for the past few years; however, our systematic literature review revealed the need for more attention to address definitional ambiguity and consider the intricacies of gig work. Specifically, this article identified the following gaps in the extant literature: the need for a comprehensive definition of gig work, the creation of profiles to differentiate gig workers, and the application of organizational psychology theories to explain gig workers’ experiences. This conceptual article addresses these gaps by providing clarity with a definition for gig work that captures both the primary (e.g., shared by all gig workers) and secondary (e.g., shared by some gig workers) characteristics of gig work. Further, this article describes five gig worker profiles (i.e., Gig Service Providers, Gig Goods Providers, Gig Data Providers, Agency Gig Workers, and Traditional Gig Workers) based on combinations of secondary characteristics to identify different types of gig work. Using the definition provided in this article and applying the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, propositions were developed to compare gig worker profiles based on the job demands and job resources they experience. Thus, this article serves as a foundation to advance the literature through a consistent definition of gig work that paves the way for future research to better understand gig workers through the JD-R model.