Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory Effects in Form Priming: Evaluating a Phonological Competition Explanation

Although a majority of studies support the notion that formally similar primes facilitate target processing, recent research has shown inhibition effects in some circumstances, particularly with high-frequency targets. The present studies focused on an explanation of this effect provided by a recent phonological competition model. Lexical decision results using rhyming primes indicate that the inhibition is more prevalent at short stimulus onset asynchronies and is unaffected by requiring verbal report of the prime. Naming results indicate that the inhibition only arises with irregular word pairs. Neither this model nor any of the models considered provided an adequate explanation of these effects. An alternative model that incorporates automatic, lexically based inhibition and strategically based facilitation processes is proposed. A basic assumption of most models of word recognition is that when a word is identified, a change is produced in the activation levels of the lexical processing structures of formally similar words (Humphreys, Evert, & Quinlan, 1990; McClelland & Rumelhart, 1981; Morton, 1979; Paap, McDonald, Schvaneveldt, & Noel, 1987; Paap, Newsome, McDonald, & Schvaneveldt, 1982; Seidenberg & McClelland, 1989). Yet, finding evidence for this change of activation has been somewhat difficult. For example, using a lexical decision task, Meyer, Schvaneveldt, and Ruddy (1974) reported only a small and nonsignificant facilitation from rhyming primes (i.e., primes that were both orthographically and phonologically similar to their targets). Although subsequent work (Hanson & Fowler, 1987; Hillinger, 1980; Lupker & Williams, 1989; Shulman, Hornak, & Sanders, 1978) has seemed to confirm Meyer et al.'s facilitation effect, failures to observe any effect of rhyming primes have also appeared in the literature (e.g., Martin & Jensen, 1988). Until recently, however, the general consensus has been that the bulk of the data support this basic assumption.
EXCRETION IN THE OLIGOCHAETA

Oligochaete nephridia are now classified into holonephridia and meronephridia; the former are large and occur as a pair per segment, while the latter are small and are numerous in each segment. The meronephridia are derived from holonephridia by a process of branching and multiplication either at an early or a late stage of development. The tufted nephridia are either incompletely branched holonephridia or meronephridia secondarily grouped together. The two kinds of nephridia are further distinguished as open or closed according as they possess or lack an internal funnel, and still further as exonephric or enteronephric according as they discharge their excretory products to the exterior or into the gut. The holonephridia are almost all open and exonephric; closed holonephridia have been found only in one form, and in one form alone are the holonephridia only incipiently enteronephric. But it is the meronephridia that exhibit the greatest variation in number and size as well as form and disposition, leading to a progressive and divergent specialization in the Megascolecidae, the largest family of the Oligochaeta. As many as ten kinds of meronephridia are met with. The enteronephric system in six genera shows various stages of development from simple segmentally separate units to a single unified and elaborate system of the enteronephridia of the whole of the intestinal region. In one genus the meronephridia are known to be incipiently enteronephric.
SYNTHESIS AND IN-VITRO CYTOTOXIC SCREENING OF TRIETHYLAMMONIUM {(7-HYDROXY-4,9-DINITRO-8- (PHENYLCARBAMOYL) BICYCLO(3.3.1)NONA-3,7-DIEN-2-YLIDENE (OXIDO)-λ 5 -AZANYL} OXIDANIDE AGAINST EAC CELL LINES

*Summary The title compound (TBO) with bicyclo[3.3. 1]nonane skeleton was synthesized in an efficient one pot procedure employing a green methodology. The compound was structurally confirmed by UV-Visible, FT-IR, NMR and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The anticancer activity of TBO was tested against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma [EAC] cell lines using In-Vitro methods such as Trypan blue dye exclusion method and MTT assay. The results revealed that TBO showed potent cytotoxicity against EAC cell lines by activating the apoptotic pathway.
Bacterial biota in the human distal esophagus

The esophagus, like other luminal organs of the digestive system, provides a potential environment for bacterial colonization, but little is known about the presence of a bacterial biota or its nature. By using broad-range 16S rDNA PCR, biopsies were examined from the normal esophagus of four human adults. The 900 PCR products cloned represented 833 unique sequences belonging to 41 genera, or 95 species-level operational taxonomic units (SLOTU); 59 SLOTU were homologous with culture-defined bacterial species, 34 with 16S rDNA clones, and two were not homologous with any known bacterial 16S rDNA. Members of six phyla, Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and TM7, were represented. A large majority of clones belong to 13 of the 41 genera (783/900, 87%), or 14 SLOTU (574/900, 64%) that were shared by all four persons. Streptococcus (39%), Prevotella (17%), and Veilonella (14%) were most prevalent. The present study identified ≈56–79% of SLOTU in this bacterial ecosystem. Most SLOTU of esophageal biota are similar or identical to residents of the upstream oral biota, but the major distinction is that a large majority (82%) of the esophageal bacteria are known and cultivable. These findings provide evidence for a complex but conserved bacterial population in the normal distal esophagus.
Demographics and Recent Productivity Performance: Insights from Cross-Country Comparisons

Over the last few decades, countries have experienced quite different patterns of productivity growth. In this paper, we emphasize the role of country level demographics in explaining these differences. In particular, looking over the period 1960-2002, we show that cross-country data support the notion that, starting in the late 1970s, countries went through a period of technological transition that lasted at least until the mid-1990s for the fastest adjusting countries and is still proceeding for the slower adjusting countries. The main claim of the paper is that the country-level rate of labour growth was a key factor driving the speed of adjustment to the new technological paradigm, implying that much of the cross-country difference in economic performance over recent decades can be explained by demographic differences across countries as opposed to the many other factors emphasized in the literature.
SiGe HBT Gilbert Downconverter With an Integrated Miniaturized Marchand Balun for UWB Applications

A 15.5-dB conversion gain 0.35-mum SiGe HBT Gilbert mixer with the lumped-element Marchand balun for 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz UWB applications is implemented using standard silicon processes. This mixer has the 1.5-GHz IF 3-dB bandwidth as well as the 15.8-dB noise figure. The balun size is only 0.25 mm times 0.5 mm. Because of the balanced structure of the Marchand balun, the magnitude imbalance and phase difference of outputs are below 1 dB and about 184deg, respectively. In the present of a lossy substrate, the dissipated loss of the balun is still less than 4 dB thanks to the advantage of the lumped-element technique. The total current consumption of the entire mixer is 13.9 mA at 5 V voltage supply while the chip size including probing pads is 1 mm times 0.9 mm.
Atypical epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma presentation associated with a mutation in the keratin 1 gene

Background Epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (EPPK) is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized by epidermolytic hyperkeratosis strictly confined to the palms and soles, and usually associated with mutations in the keratin K9 gene (KRT9). Mutations in the keratin K1 gene (KRT1) have been shown to underlie a variety of phenotypes typically involving generalized epidermolytic hyperkeratosis, but in some cases the phenotype can be more regionally restricted.
Identification of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Genes Regulated during Biofilm Formation on Cholesterol Gallstone Surfaces

ABSTRACT Salmonella spp. are able to form biofilms on abiotic and biotic surfaces. In vivo studies in our laboratory have shown that Salmonella can form biofilms on the surfaces of cholesterol gallstones in the gallbladders of mice and human carriers. Biofilm formation on gallstones has been demonstrated to be a mechanism of persistence. The purpose of this work was to identify and evaluate Salmonella sp. cholesterol-dependent biofilm factors. Differential gene expression analysis between biofilms on glass or cholesterol-coated surfaces and subsequent quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that type 1 fimbria structural genes and a gene encoding a putative outer membrane protein (ycfR) were specifically upregulated in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium biofilms grown on cholesterol-coated surfaces. Spatiotemporal expression of ycfR and FimA verified their regulation during biofilm development on cholesterol-coated surfaces. Surprisingly, confocal and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that a mutant of type 1 fimbria structural genes (ΔfimAICDHF) and a ycfR mutant showed increased biofilm formation on cholesterol-coated surfaces. In vivo experiments using Nramp1 +/+ mice harboring gallstones showed that only the ΔycfR mutant formed extensive biofilms on mouse gallstones at 7 and 21 days postinfection; ΔfimAICDHF was not observed on gallstone surfaces after the 7-day-postinfection time point. These data suggest that in Salmonella spp. , wild-type type 1 fimbriae are important for attachment to and/or persistence on gallstones at later points of chronic infection, whereas YcfR may represent a specific potential natural inhibitor of initial biofilm formation on gallstones.
Kinin B1 receptor antagonists with multi-enzymatic resistance properties.

The kinin B, receptor has been implicated in a variety of pathological states; therefore, potent, selective, and specific antagonists with prolonged duration of action in vivo are needed. Using R-715 (AcLys[D-beta-Nal(7),Ile(8)] desArg9BK) as a template, new peptides containing alpha-MePhe in position 5, Oic in position 2, and AcOrn instead of AcLys at the N-terminal were prepared and tested for their antagonist potency, their selectivity, and their specificity for the kinin B1 receptor. In vitro metabolic stabilities toward aminopeptidase M (from human plasma), aminopeptidase P (from human platelets), and angiotensin-converting enzyme (purified from rabbit lung) were also investigated. The results of this study indicate that the three modifications applied separately are as well tolerated as they are when present conjointly in the template R-715. Indeed, pA2 values of R-715 (ranging from 8.40 to 8.5) do not differ significantly from the analogues R-954 and R-955 (both ranging from 8.4 to 8.6) when measured at kinin B1 receptors from rabbit aortas and human umbilical veins. Moreover, the chemical modifications utilized in the peptides R-954 and R-955 have provided resistance against aminopeptidases M and P, as well as the angiotensin-converting enzyme, unlike the early (e.g., Lys[Leu8]desArg9BK) and more recent (e.g., R-715, B-9858) generations of B, receptor antagonists. Ongoing in vivo assays will validate the assumption that the analogues R-954 and R-955 have a prolonged duration of action.
Association of psoriasis with the VEGF gene polymorphism in the northern Polish population

Background Neovascularization plays an important role in pathogenesis of psoriasis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) seems to be the main angiogenic factor involved in this disease. Published studies which analysed the role of VEGF gene polymorphism in psoriasis were limited and they received controversial results.
Management and survival of female patients with “minimal” breast cancer: As observed in the long‐term and short‐term surveys of the american college of surgeons

The American College of Surgeons' long‐term breast cancer survey in 1978 included 16,894 pathologically confirmed carcinomas of the female breast, in situ or infiltrative, with negative or positive nodes. Of these, 1.9% were in situ carcinoma of any size, and 8.4% were minimal invasive carcinomas 1 cm or less in diameter. No significant difference was found between the survival of patients with in situ tumors of any size and minimal invasive tumors with negative axillary nodes measuring 1 cm or less in diameter. In patients with invasive tumors with negative axillary lymph nodes, no statistically significant difference was found in survival of patients with tumors of 0.5 cm or less, when compared either with survival of patients with tumors measuring 0.6–1.0 cm. Recurrence rates observed in those groups were not statistically significant. Among 157 patients with invasive tumors measuring 0.5 cm or less, 23.0% presented with axillary lymph node metastasis. Tumors measuring 0.6 to 1.0 cm showed 20.9% positive axillary nodes in 964 patients. Statistically significant differences in survival and recurrence rates were achieved only for invasive tumors smaller than 1 cm. Survival and recurrence rates were significantly better (P < 0.001) in patients with minimal invasive cancer with negative axillary nodes (P < 0.001) than rates of patients with invasive tumors larger than 1 cm and with negative lymph nodes. Similar statistical results were obtained for patients with positive axillary nodes only for invasive cancers smaller than 1 cm. However, survival and recurrence rates observed in invasive cancers of 1 cm or less with positive axillary nodes suggest that tumor size alone cannot be used as the only defining criterion for minimal invasive breast cancer. Only the status of axillary nodes may determine whether a small invasive tumor below 1 cm may be considered as minimal breast cancer.
Effects of losartan on haemodynamic parameters and angiotensin receptor mRNA levels in rat heart after myocardial infarction

We investigated the haemodynamic parameters and the regulation of cardiac mRNA levels of the angiotensin receptor subtypes, AT1 and AT2, by the AT1-receptor antagonist losartan in rat heart during the acute phase of myocardial infarction. AT1- and AT2-receptor mRNA levels markedly increased at 30 minutes and peaked at 24 hours post myocardial infarction (12.6-fold increase for AT1- and 17.2-fold increase for AT2 compared with controls). Losartan significantly reduced mean blood pressure in sham-operated rats and decreased mean blood pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in myocardial infarction rats. However, the AT1- and AT2-receptor mRNA levels of losartan-treated rats showed a pattern similar to that of water-treated rats. The time-dependent increase of AT 1- and AT2receptor mRNA levels is associated with the early remodelling process of non-infarcted myocardium post MI and is independent of AT1-receptor blockade.
Possibilities of liquid biopsy in clinical practice

Liquid biopsy represents innovation in the fi eld of oncology diagnosis. It refers to non-invasive blood collection method with isolation of circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNA (with circulating tumor cell free DNA fraction), circulating exosomes or micro RNA. Although requires specifi c methods for isolation and analysis of targets of interest, liquid biopsy could be of benefi t in preoperative prediction od overall survival of patients with carcinoma, for monitoring of disease and progression, along with surveillance of therapy response and early recurrence of cancer. The review describes methods for liquid biopsy analysis, together with concerns and achievements in implementing liquid biopsy in clinical practice.
Interaction of hepatitis B virus with cells

Virus infection is initiated by recognition and attachment of the virus to the cell surface. Despite the fact that this interaction determines the virus‐related pathogenesis, its molecular basis remained obscure for HBV. This process is mediated primarily by the viral envelope and the cellular receptors. HBV infection is not exceptional in this regard but its putative receptors have not been identified yet. The recent development of protocols to establish HBV susceptible cell lines and unique tools to measure HBV‐cell attachment at a single cell resolution set the stage for the study of HBV‐host cell interaction. These studies revealed that the QLDPAF epitope of the HBV surface antigen large protein (LHBsAg) plays a major role in this process. Quantitative measurements suggested the presence of a second player in this process and both act synergistically to improve cell attachment. As the step of virus‐cell attachment is potentially susceptible to specific inhibitors, understanding the molecular basis of virus‐cell attachment can be expected to have therapeutic impacts. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Option Pricing in Jump-Diffusion Models with Stochastic Volatility

Many underlying assets of option contracts exhibit both jump-diffusion process and stochastic volatility. This paper investigates the valuation of options when the underlying asset follows a jump-diffusion process with stochastic volatility ,which correlated asset return process. A closed form solution is derived for European options through the use of characteristic function and the Fourier transform. The proposed model allows the option pricing formula to capture the market implied volatility smile within a unified framework. Keywords-option pricing; jump-diffusion; stochastic volatility; leverage effect
MRI Volume and Signal Intensity of ACL Graft Predict Clinical, Functional, and Patient-Oriented Outcome Measures After ACL Reconstruction

Background: Clinical, functional, and patient-oriented outcomes are commonly used to evaluate the efficacy of treatments after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury; however, these evaluation techniques do not directly measure the biomechanical changes that occur with healing. Purpose: To determine if the magnetic resonance (MR) image–derived parameters of graft volume and signal intensity (SI), which have been used to predict the biomechanical (ie, structural) properties of the graft in animal models, correlate with commonly used clinical (anteroposterior [AP] knee laxity), functional (1-legged hop), and patient-oriented outcome measures (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [KOOS]) in patients 3 and 5 years after ACL reconstruction. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Based on a subset of participants enrolled in an ongoing ACL reconstruction clinical trial, AP knee laxity, 1-legged hop test, and KOOS were assessed at 3- and 5-year follow-up. Three-dimensional, T1-weighted MR images were collected at each visit. Both the volume and median SI of the healing graft were determined and used as predictors in a multiple regression linear model to predict the traditional outcome measures. Results: Graft volume combined with median SI in a multiple linear regression model predicted 1-legged hop test at both the 3- and 5-year follow-up visits (R 2 = 0.40, P = .008 and R 2 = 0.62, P = .003, respectively). Similar results were found at the 5-year follow-up for the KOOS quality of life (R 2 = 0.49, P = .012), sport/function (R 2 = 0.37, P = .048), pain (R 2 = 0.46, P = .017), and symptoms (R 2 = 0.45, P = .021) subscores, although these variables were not significant at 3 years. The multiple linear regression model for AP knee laxity at 5-year follow-up approached significance (R 2 = 0.36, P = .088). Conclusion: The MR parameters (volume and median SI) used to predict ex vivo biomechanical properties of the graft in an animal model have the ability to predict clinical or in vivo outcome measures in patients at 3- and 5-year follow-up. Clinical Relevance: Results from this study may enhance clinical evaluation of graft health by relating the MR parameters of volume and median SI to traditional outcome measures and could potentially aid researchers in determining the appropriate timing for athletes to return to sport.
Position estimation for sensorless FOC of five-phase PMSM in electric vehicles

This paper presents the position estimation algorithm for sensorless field-oriented control (FOC) of five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM). In electric vehicles there are various disturbances which come internally and externally, affecting precision and robustness of the sensorless motor control. To overcome these constraints, this work is focused on rotor position and speed estimation from motors back-EMF with sliding mode based observer and adaptive band-pass filter. With proposed control technique five-phase PMSM can be effectively operated in sensorless mode under disturbances. Feasibility of the proposed method was verified during the experiment when FPGA/DSC based five-phase PMSM drive was controlled is sensorless mode based on estimated rotor position.
An effective fault ordering heuristic for SAT-based dynamic test compaction techniques

Abstract Each chip is subjected to a post-production test after fabrication. A set of test patterns is applied to filter out defective devices. The size of this test set is an important issue. Generally, large test sets increase the test costs. Therefore, test compaction techniques are applied to obtain a compact test set. The effectiveness of these technique is significantly influenced by fault ordering. This paper describes how information about hard-to-detect faults can be extracted from an untestable identification phase and be used to develop a fault ordering technique which is able to reduce the pattern counts of highly compacted test sets generated by a SAT-based dynamic test compaction approach.
Détection de communautés dans les réseaux d'information utilisant liens et attributs. (Community detection in information networks using links and attributes)

Alors que les reseaux sociaux s'attachent a representer des entites et les relations existant entre elles, les reseaux d'information integrent egalement des attributs decrivant ces entites ; ce qui conduit a revisiter les methodes d'analyse et de fouille de ces reseaux. Dans ces travaux, nous proposons des methodes de classification des entites du reseau d'information qui exploitent d'une part les relations entre celles-ci et d'autre part les attributs les caracterisant. Nous nous penchons sur le cas des reseaux a vecteurs d'attributs, ou les entites du reseau sont decrites par des vecteurs numeriques. Ainsi nous proposons des approches basees sur des techniques reconnues pour chaque type d'information, faisant appel notamment a l'inertie pour la classification automatique et a la modularite de Newman et Girvan pour la detection de communautes. Nous evaluons nos propositions sur des reseaux issus de donnees bibliographiques, faisant usage en particulier d'information textuelle. Nous evaluons egalement nos approches face a diverses evolutions du reseau, notamment au regard d'une deterioration des informations des liens et des attributs, et nous caracterisons la robustesse de nos methodes a celle-ci