Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distinct Growth and Nutrient Status Responses to Fertilization Regimes in Two Generations of Chinese Fir Seedlings

Exponential fertilization is well-known for improving the growth and nutritional status of seedlings during nursery culture. However, less is known about how genetic variability among seedling species influences the effects of fertilization regimes on the growth of seedlings and their nutritional status under varying fertilization levels. Here, we conducted a greenhouse experiment to compare the growth, as well as the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrient concentration responses, of 2- and 3-generation Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lambert) Hooker) seedlings to the impacts of varying exponential and conventional constant-rate fertilization levels (50, 100, and 200 mg P seedling−1). Seedling size and shoot:root ratios were lower in exponential fertilization than in conventional fertilization. Exponentially fertilized seedlings had higher concentrations of N and P nutrients compared to conventionally fertilized seedlings during low-level fertilization. Conversely, an elevated P concentration was observed in seedlings subjected to conventional fertilization compared to those exposed to exponential fertilization during high-level fertilization. However, there were no significant differences in seedling N and P concentrations between the two fertilization regimes during medium-level fertilization. Furthermore, 2- and 3-generation Chinese fir seedlings differed greatly in their growth and nutritional status. Additionally, there were significant fertilization regime × seedling generation interaction effects on the seedling shoot:root ratio and N concentration. Our findings suggest that exponential fertilization can improve the nutritional status, survival, and growth of Chinese fir seedlings, especially on competitive sites, and that information on both intra-species genetic variability and appropriate fertilizer levels is necessary for the successful fertilization of Chinese fir seedlings, regardless of fertilization regimes.
Hematological and Histological Response of Wister Albino Rat Rattus norvegicus a Dietary Supplement of Seaweed Diet Gracilaria edulis

A dietary supplementation of seaweed Gracilaria edulis haematological and histological response of albino rat Rattus norvegicus . The blood protein, cholesterol, albumin, calcium, phosphorus and urea of the seaweed feed albino rats having an increased tendency during the experimentation when compared with control rats. Its n ote mostly that the experimental rat show ing a d ecreasing level of glucose when co mpared with control rats. The oral picture of the haematological change of albino rat fed with seaweed diet evidenced their active participation on the metabolism of the experimental subject. These findings were well correlated with histological observation in the liver and intestine shows the hepatocyte appearance and deposited fat and foci at necrosis is also seen in photomicrographs.
Detection of Mycoplasma Contaminations 13 13

Mycoplasma contamination of cell lines is one of the major problems in cell culture technology. The specific, sensitive, and reliable detection of mycoplasma contamination is an important part of mycoplasma control and should be an established method in every cell culture laboratory. New cell lines as well as cell lines in continuous culture must be tested in regular intervals. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methodology offers a fast and sensitive technique to monitor all cultures in a laboratory. The technique can also be used to determine the contaminating mycoplasma species. The described assay can be performed within 3 h, including sample preparation, DNA extraction, performing the PCR reaction, and analysis of the PCR products. Special precautions necessary to avoid false-negative results resulting from inhibitors of the Taq polymerase present in the crude samples and the interpretation of the results are also described.
Remote Sensing of Small-Scale Storm Variations in Coastal Seas

ABSTRACT Reale, F. ; Dentale, F. ; Pugliese Carratelli, E. , and Torrisi, L. , 2014. Remote sensing of small-scale storm variations in coastal seas. Estimating extreme values of significant wave heights (SWH) is a necessity in many branches of coastal science and engineering. Storm intensity, however, is not a smooth varying quantity, but it oscillates with random variations around a generally regular trend; the estimated value of extreme sea states is, therefore, necessarily affected by the sampling time of the available data. This is especially important when making use of synthetic data deriving from weather and wave simulation systems, which artificially smoothen the SWH record history. Active remote sensing provides valuable help to overcome this problem: the work described here very briefly recalls the available satellite SWH and wind measurements and shows how such data may help clarify and reduce a possible cause of error in wave climate evaluation, and especially so along coastal areas.
Influenza A virus M 1 blocks the classical complement pathway through interacting with C 1 qA

Correspondence Wenjun Liu liuwj@im.ac. cn Xin Ye yex@im.ac. cn Center for Molecular Immunology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
Preparation Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) Microsphere of Bone Sialoprotein

OBJECTIVE: To prepare PLGA microsphere of BSP. METHODS: mulsion solvent extraction-evaporation process was used to prepare microsphere. Technology of preparation was optimized by the orthogonal design. The surface morphology of the microsphere was observed by EM and SEM. The drug loading, the encapsulation efficiency and release rate in vitro were measured using microBCA kit. RESULTS: The mean particle size of the microsphere was 50±0.5 μm, and its mean span was 0.58±0.10, the drug loading and the encapsulation efficiency were (0.725±0.075) % and (64.876±0.680) % respectively. The reappearance of pharmaceutical technology was good. CONCLUSION: this research described the optimized preparation technology of PLGA microspheres of BSP.
Simulation on Sliding between Nested Walls in a Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube

Hiroshi Asanuma , Chensong Dong , Masahiro Arai , Hisao Fukunaga f a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho 1-33, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan b Fracture and Reliability Research Institute, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan c World Premier International Research Center, Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-2-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan d Department of Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University of Technology GPO Box U1987, Perth WA 6845, Australia e Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1, Wakasato, Nagano City 380-8553, Japan f Department of Aerospace Engineering, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba 6-6-01, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
Laboratory evaluation of trap color and vinegar, yeast and fruit juice lure combinations for monitoring of Zaprionus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Abstract Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a successful invasive drosophilid that is currently impacting fig production in Mexico and Brazil. Very few studies have examined the improvement of trapping strategies for this pest. Here, we compared visual responses of Z. indianus to different colors and olfactory cues. Orange and brown colored traps were among the most attractive in choice and no-choice tests, with violet and white being the least attractive colors. Orange traps with brown circles around the access holes were more attractive than uniformly orange traps. Apple cider vinegar was significantly more attractive to adults than sugar cane vinegar or grape juice but was not significantly more attractive than white wine and red wine vinegars. Captures of Z. indianus in apple cider vinegar-baited traps were not improved by the addition of grape, pineapple or apple juices, or when compared against a sucrose solution or grape juice fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or grape juice fermented with Candida tropicalis. Pairwise comparisons of Z. indianus attraction to S. cerevisiae and C. tropicalis indicated a high dependence on the growth media used. Orange traps with brown circles baited with apple cider vinegar may prove useful for monitoring this pest under field conditions.
Deformable mirror-based two-photon microscopy for axial mammalian brain imaging

This work presents the design and implementation of an enhanced version of a traditional two-photon (2P) microscope with the addition of high-speed axial scanning for live mammalian brain imaging. Our implementation utilizes a deformable mirror (DM) that can rapidly apply different defocus shapes to manipulate the laser beam divergence and consequently control the axial position of the beam focus in the sample. We provide a mathematical model describing the DM curvature, then experimentally characterize the radius of curvature as well as the Zernike terms of the DM surface for a given set of defocuses. A description of the optical setup of the 2P microscope is detailed. We conduct a thorough calibration of the system, determining the point spread function, the total scanning range, the axial step size, and the intensity curvature as a function of depth. Finally, the instrument is used for imaging different neurobiological samples, including fixed brain slices and in vivo mouse cerebral cortex.
Performance Assessment of Existing Methodologies for Chemical Process Dynamic Simulation

Please cite this article as: Durand G. , Manenti F. , Bandoni J. A. , Diaz M. S. and Buzzi-Ferraris G. , (2012), Performance assessment of existing methodologies for chemical process dynamic simulation, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 29, 241-246 241 Performance Assessment of Existing Methodologies for Chemical Process Dynamic Simulation Guillermo Durand*, Flavio Manenti, Josè Alberto Bandoni, Maria Soledad Diaz, Guido Buzzi-Ferraris
Impact of Stock Indices Choice on Basic Investment Characteristics: The Case of Amman Stock Exchange

This study examined the difference in means among monthly market returns and whether such differences would generate differences on basic investment characteristics (expected return, systematic risk and unsystematic risk) for individual stocks and portfolio, that was estimated by the following different market indices in Amman Stock Exchange: Value Weighted Index (VWI), Equally Weighed Index (EWI), Free Float Index (FFI), Atlas Market Index (AMI), and Atlas Small Market Index (ASMI). Paired Sample T.test was used to examine these differences and market model to generate basic investment characteristics for the individual stocks and the investment portfolio as well. The main findings of this study indicated no statistical significant differences among market indices that may lead to differences in basic investment characteristics for individual stock or investment portfolio. The study also examined the accuracy of the five market indices by comparing Mean Square Error term. The result suggested that Equally Weighted Index was the least biased and most accurate of the five market indices for the study period from January 2000 to September 2006. The researchers recommend using different return generating models such as Two-Factor Model and Multi-Factor Model.
Wood Ant (Formica polyctena) Services and Disservices in a Danish Apple Plantation

Ants possess properties that can be used to optimize plant production in agricultural systems. Ant services can be herbivore and pathogen protection and fertilization of their plant partners. They may, however, also harm plants by facilitating ant-attended herbivorous homopterans. To assess whether wood ants can be used in IPM-systems to improve apple production, we transplanted wood ants into a Danish apple plantation and tested whether ants (i) reduced the number of herbivores, (ii) led to higher amounts of leaf nutrients, (iii) controlled apple pathogens, (iv) increased homopteran abundance and (iv) whether these effects affected apple yields. During a two year study, we found that the wood ants significantly reduced the numbers of winter moth larvae, increased magnesium content in apple leaves (but did not affect 10 other nutrients), reduced the number of apples infected with apple brown rot and apple scab (on one apple variety) and increased aphid infections. In the first year, this led to higher apple production on ant trees, whereas ants had no effect on yields in the second year. It was evident that ants provided both services and disservices. If mutualistic ant-homopteran interactions can be disrupted, this would favor plant growth and open for the use of wood ants in sustainable plant management. We discuss how this may be accomplished. Alternatively, ants may be used short term to knock down pest outbreaks (before building up homopteran populations) or used in crops that do not host ant-attended homopterans.
Study on The Effect of Production Dynamic to Fault Reactivation: A Case Study of Groningen Gas Field

The subsurface of Groningen gas field composed of several faults. The continuous production has been resulting in several micro-seismicity activities, particularly for the past decades. One of the reasons for the production-induced-seismicity is fault reactivation at depth. The fault that initially in the non-active state becomes active and starts slipping due to pore fluid extraction. The modelling of fault reactivation induced by production can be simulated by coupling of flow and geomechanics. The project studies the coupling of flow and geomechanics for an idealistic subsurface model with fault. The flow occurs due to pore pressure depletion and is predicted by solving mass conservation. The corresponding deformation is estimated by momentum balance equation. The observation will be limited to rock deformation that is quantified by effective stress and displacement on the fault due to a pressure change in the subsurface. The simulation is performed using Stanford's Automatic Differentiation General Purpose Reservoir Simulator (ADGPRS). In the proposed model, the flow equation is discretised using finite volume method, and poromechanics is discretised by finite-element Galerkin's approach. Both problems share the same grid model, and there is no error associated with the information exchange. The coupled problem is being solved fully implicitly where flow and mechanics formulation are solved simultaneously. The case study for the simulation is a simplified Groningen subsurface model with a fault zone. The impact of variability in production dynamic on fault reactivation is studied. The variations in production rate and production strategy are applied in different formation configurations. It is found that the correlation between the production rates and the stress state in the subsurface depends on the formation offset. However, the stress field does not depend on continuity of the production scheme. Several aspects including the presence of Gas-Water contact in the model was studied in this project as well.
Effect of Anisakis spp. Parasite on Human Digestion System

Anisakis spp. is a genus of parasitic nematode which can be transmitted to human through seafood like fish and marine mammals. Anisakis may cause health problems in digestive system and allergic reactions when a raw or undercooked fish containing anisakis larvae in third stage of life is consumed. Three species have evidently caused diseases for human: Anisakis simplex sensu stricto, Anisakis simplex C and Anisakis pegreffi. The main symptoms are abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and urticaria. Some larvae are resistant to heat and digestive enzymes, thus, incidents of this worm induced disease still occur.
THE BINDING CREDIT CONSTRAINTS AND THE WELFARE EFFECTS OF HOUSING PRICE APPRECIATION

The paper deals with some relevant effects of appreciation of housing prices on social and aggregate welfare. As it has been found difficult to assess the current situation given the housing market being the most affected by the crisis, earlier data from 1995 to 2006 have been used. It generalizes previously available results by considering credit constraints together with endogeneity of housing prices. First, housing price appreciation implies improvement in aggregate welfare in a model with exogenous housing price and credit constraints. Then, housing price is endogenized by modelling the supply side of the housing market. In this model, housing price appreciation is caused by supply and demand shocks. The supply shock originates from a change in building permit cost. The demand shifts are generated by changes in household income and interest rates. Both credit-constrained and unconstrained versions of this model are considered. Finally, the combination of observed demand and supply shocks is used to quantify aggregate welfare effects on the US housing market. The results demonstrate that demand shocks dominated during that period and the aggregate welfare improved as a result of housing price appreciation.
Phosphoinositide-binding proteins mark, shape and functionally modulate highly-diverged endocytic compartments in the parasitic protist Giardia lamblia

Phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol (PIPs), are key membrane lipid residues involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). CME relies on PI(4,5)P2 to mark endocytic sites at the plasma membrane (PM) associated to clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV) formation. The highly diverged parasitic protist Giardia lamblia presents disordered and static clathrin assemblies at PM invaginations, contacting specialized endocytic organelles called peripheral vacuoles (PVs). The role for clathrin assemblies in fluid phase uptake and their link to internal membranes via PIP-binding adaptors is unknown. Here we provide evidence for a robust link between clathrin assemblies and fluid-phase uptake in G. lamblia mediated by proteins carrying predicted PX, FYVE and NECAP1 PIP-binding modules. We show that chemical and genetic perturbation of PIP-residue binding and turnover elicits novel uptake and organelle-morphology phenotypes. A combination of co-immunoprecipitation and in silico annotation techniques expands the initial PIP-binding network with addition of new members. Our data indicate that, despite the partial conservation of lipid markers and protein cohorts known to play important roles in dynamic endocytic events in well-characterized model systems, the Giardia lineage presents a strikingly divergent clathrin-centered network. This includes several PIP-binding modules, often associated to domains of currently unknown function that shape and modulate fluid-phase uptake at PVs.
SUB-ACUTE EXPOSURE TO MAGNETIC FIELD INDUCED APOPTOSIS IN THYMUS FEMALE RATS

Objective: Apoptosis induced by magnetic field in female rats was investigated by using the Tdtmediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay in thymus, liver and kidney. Design: Femaleis rats were exposure to 128 mT 1hour/day for 10 consecutive days. Small pieces of thymus, liver and kidney were fixed overnight at room temperature by direct immersion in 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. The samples were dehydrated with ethanol and toluene and embedded in paraffin wax. Serial sections (5 µm thick) were mounted on gelatin-coated glass slides and stained with hematoxylin and eosin or treated with TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin Nick and Labeling) method. Setting: Female Wistar rats were housed in a cage, with free access to food and water (FacultO des Sciences de Bizerte, Tunisia). Rats were cared for under the Tunisian Code of Practice for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific purpose and the Experimental Protocols were approved by the Ethics Committee. Subjects: Treated and control groups (n=12) weighing 100-150g at the time of experiments were housed in the same condition three weeks before the beginning of the experiments. Main outcome measures: MF-induced apoptosis in thymus was demonstrated by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) mediated dUTP-Biotin Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) assay. Results: Following sub-acute exposure to MF, morphological examinations revealed numerous apoptotic cells in thymus characterized by nuclear fragmentation and condensation (figure 2a). Interestingly, no labeling was found in control thymus. The density of the apoptotic cells was significant in cortical zone compared to control (2.95‐0.34 % vs 0.74‐0.10 %, p<0.05), than in the medullar zone (2.105‐0.356% vs 0.634‐0.038%, p<0.05) (figure 2a, b). By contrast, as shown in figures (3c, d), no labeling was found in liver and kidney following MF exposure (figure 4e, f). Conclusions: Thus, it may be concluded that static magnetic field induced apoptosis in thymic cell death but not in the liver and kidney.
EVALUATION OF THE GLOBAL WARMING IMPACTS USING A HYBRID METHOD BASED ON FUZZY TECHNIQUES: A CASE STUDY IN TURKEY

The aim of this study is to measure the degree of effect of the global warming for cities of Turkey. The results of the global warming such as drought, temperature changes and rainfall changes are considered as criteria and the evaluation of the degree of effect of the global warming of the cities of Turkey is handled as a multi criteria decision making problem. A hybrid method considering fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy measure theory is proposed to determine the corresponding degree of effect. Finally, considering real data, the map of effect with respect to the cities is presented.
A river runs through it: tree frog genomics supports the Dead Sea Rift as a rare phylogeographical break

Phylogeographical breaks can be viewed as regional hotspots of diversity where the genetic integrity of incipient species is put to the test. We focus on an understudied species transition from the Middle East, namely the Dead Sea Rift in the Levant region, which presumably divided the tree frogs Hyla savignyi and H. felixarabica. Combining multilocus genetic analyses (mitochondrial DNA and RAD-sequencing) with ecological niche modelling, we test whether the rift effectively acts as a biogeographical barrier preventing this pair from admixing and merging. The answer is yes: despite weak signs of introgression, all parapatric populations were assigned to either species without cyto-nuclear discordance. Yet, the projected distributions under present and glacial conditions largely overlapped in the area, meaning their current parapatric ranges do not represent an ecological transition. Instead, we hypothesize that H. savignyi and H. felixarabica are maintained apart by limited opportunities for dispersal across the barren Jordan Valley, combined with advanced reproductive isolation. Therefore, the Dead Sea Rift may represent a rare phylogeographical break, and we encourage international efforts to assess its contribution to the rich biodiversity of the Middle East.