Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Malaysian Learners’ Preferences-Based Profile Model Towards Adaptive Massive Open Online Courses

Massive open online courses’ technology is becoming the most recent innovations in online education and academia. Recently, it has been widely adopted in educational sectors and gained popularity among both students and instructors. Massive open online courses have rapidly become a trend in the field of higher education and received much recognition from scholars and non-profit educational organizations. Therefore, there has been a growing interest in investigating its limitations, challenges, and impact on education. Some issues and problems have been reported in the research and practice, such as problems related to massive open online course learners’ motivation and engagement during the courses, and course contents’ presentations have a significant impact on learner’s motivation. However, there have been few contributions to the literature in discerning the varying motivational drivers for choosing to consume the different presentation styles of massive open online courses. Therefore, the main goal of this work is to propose an innovative framework for adaptive massive open online course based on learners’ preferences. As such, the courses’ presentations are adapted to the preferred learning style of each learner. In this regard, this paper was conducted based on quantitative research methods.
Evaluating the capability of Worldview-2 imagery for mapping alien tree species in a heterogeneous urban environment

Abstract Street trees in urban planning have a long history as providers of an amicable environment for urban dwellers. Nevertheless, street trees are not always without a challenge, their ecosystem disservices include, inter alia, cracking pavements and foundations due to wandering tree roots that destroy concrete or asphalt surfaces. Thus, effective mapping of street trees assists in planning a suitable urban environment to improve city life. The traditional method for urban tree mapping is costly, time-consuming and labour intensive. However, commercially operated multi-spectral sensors, such as WorldView (WV) provide a more viable way to map trees at the species level. This study investigates the use of WV-2 imagery in the classification and mapping of five common alien street trees in a complex urban environment. It also examined the feasibility of Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifiers in mapping street trees in a heterogeneous urban environment. The classifiers produced an overall accuracy of 84.2 % for RF and 81.2 % for SVM. This study provides a detailed understanding of urban tree species to the municipality of Johannesburg and offers environmental managers an insight of classification methods for mapping trees using satellite imagery to comprehend their spatial distribution.
Tradisi lisan sebagai bahan pengembangan materi ajarPendidikan IPS di SMP: sebuah telaah literatur

In addition to models, methods, and media, another aspect that is also very important in social studies is teaching material. As an essential element in the learning process, teaching materials must have adequate quality. Accordingly, this article is intended to offer a literature overview of oral traditions as material development for social studies in junior high schools, as well as to design conceptual models related to their application. This article is a conceptual article compiled based on the results of literature studies (books, journals, etc.) and document analysis (Core Competencies, Basic Competencies, Syllabus, etc.). There are three findings offered by this article. First, oral tradition is a potential source to be developed into social studies in junior high schools as it contains values of local wisdom and moral teachings which are relevant to the vision of social studies, namely as civic education. Also, oral traditions, which are part of anthropology and history, share the same nature to social study materials-combination of social science disciplines. Second, from several oral tradition variants, the most potent type to be inserted in social study materials are traditional expressions, folk poetry, folklore, and folk songs-by considering three things, namely: a) curriculum relevance; b) richness in value content; c) school environment-related issues. Third, three stages can be done in developing oral traditions as teaching materials, namely: a) analysis stage (identification of oral tradition and its relevance to curriculum); b) design and development stage (determining the form and structure of teaching materials required); and c) implementation stage. DOI: 10.17977/um022v5i12020p051
Quantifying the Current Form of Cricket Teams and Predicting the Match Winner

The study tries to predict the outcome of Twenty20 cricket matches based on two prime skills of the game: batting and bowling. The two different measures, namely batting performance (BP) and adjusted combined bowling rate (ACBR), developed by Lemmer (2011, European Journal of Sport Science, vol. 13, pp. 200–206) and Lemmer (2012, European Journal of Sports Science, vol. 14, pp. S191–S196), respectively, are used to quantify the overall batting and bowling performances of cricket teams. The rationale of choosing BP is that it takes into consideration the match situation against which the runs are scored, and ACBR considers the strength of a batsman using wicket weights and adjusted number of runs conceded by the bowler along with the match situation. Both the measures, BP and ACBR, are combined to get the overall strength of a cricket team prior to the knock-out or play-off stage of any given tournament. Thereafter, the overall strength of a team is used to quantify the team’s current form. If the current form of Team A (say) is considerably higher than that of Team B (say), then it is predicted that Team A will win the match and vice-versa.
Extracellular production of proteins by microorganisms. I. Screening for protein-producing bacteria.

Screening of protein-producing bacteria was conducted to systematically study the ubiquitous nature of the extracellular production of proteins and their excretion mechanisms. A very simple and efficient test revealed that about 15% of bacteria tested (total 1200 strains) accumulated some protein under the cultural conditions employed. Among protein-excretors, five strains produced a large amount of protein in the liquid shake culture. Many good protein producers including five excellent ones were found to be gram-positive rod and probably belong to Bacillus species. An acid-insoluble product by one of the hyperprotein producers was identified as a protein mixture. Good producer was not found among the known 15 species of bacteria. The implication of these findings is discussed.
IMPLEMENTATION OF SWARM OPTIMIZED ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR NETWORK INTRUDER DETECTION AND ATTACK CLASSIFICATION

In the current era of technological advancement, the usage of computers and internet has increased drastically in the everyday life. With many crucial services operating online, the risk of cyberattacks has made the use of online security measures inevitable. Identification of the type of the attack is an important task in safeguarding the system. Thus researchers started developing a solution for this problem and an Intruder Detection System (IDS) was created. IDS identify the suspicious behaviour in the network and improve the integrity, reliability and robustness of the host system. The IDS inspect the parameters of the system to detect any intrusion. This paper proposes an IDS using swarm optimization enhanced Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for improved performance. In this paper, KDDCUP dataset and a free dataset from kagge.com have been used for experimentation. First dimensionality reduction is applied using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). This data is fed to the Swarm Optimized ANN (SOANN) for classification. The ANN uses grey wolf optimization algorithm to optimize the weights over multiple iterations. The accuracy of the system is considered as the cost function. This cost function is implemented as the stopping criteria to terminate the optimization algorithm upon reaching the maximum accuracy and the obtained weights are used to train the final system. The performance of the system is compared against various other algorithms and has yielded better results.
DNA CONTENT AND EVOLUTION IN THE MICROSERIDINAE

A B S T R A C T Relative 2C nuclear DNA contents were microphotometrically determined from nuclei isolated from eight species of Microseris, four species of Agoseris, and Phalacroseris Bolanderi. The thirteen species are diploid (2n = 18) western North American members of the subtribe Microseridinae, tribe Cichorieae, of the family Compositae. A 7.7-fold variation in DNA content was detected. Phalacroseris has the highest DNA content and Agoseris heterophylla has the lowest. Within the genera Microseris and Agoseris, a 2.8- and 3.1-fold range in DNA content was detected. The higher values were from perennial species, and the lower values were from annual inbreeding species. Both evolutionary increases and decreases in nuclear DNA content have apparently occurred during the differentiation of the subtribe. DNA CONTENT per nucleus and per chromosome varies over 100-fold among vascular plants (Rees, 1972; Rees and Jones, 1972; Sparrow, Price, and Underbrink, 1972; Price, Sparrow, and Nauman, in press). Although polyploidy is responsible for some of the variation in nuclear DNA content, an approximate 65-fold range is found among diploid
Optimization of Virtualization Cost, Processing Power and Network Load of 5G Software-Defined Data Centers

Virtualization is getting unprecedented attention from Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) as it provides agility in deployment, especially when coupled with the Cloud that offers inherent elasticity and load-balancing of resources. MNOs have to ensure operational excellence by meeting several objectives. In this context, we propose in this paper, a framework for optimizing the mapping of next Generation Node-Bs (gNBs) to Software-Defined 5G Core (5GC) delay tolerant Network Functions (NFs). These NFs are considered to be deployed as a Virtual Machine (VM) pool, or containers, in order to minimize cloud computing cost, processing power and at the same time maximize network load. First, we formulate this problem as an integer linear program, while taking into account multiple constraints including Virtual Central Processing Unit (vCPU) capacity, central processing load limits and integrality of mapping relations between gNBs and 5GC NFs. Then, we propose an algorithm to solve large problem instances based on Branch, Cut and Price (BCP) combining all of “Branch and Price”, “Branch and Cut” and “Branch and Bound” frameworks. We present several schemes reflecting different optimization goals that the MNO can foster: virtualization cost, power minimization, network load or all. Simulation results demonstrate the good performance of our proposed algorithm to solve the gNBs-VM pool mapping for all evaluated schemes, while also emphasizing the advantages of a particular one (EWoS-333 for Equal Weight optimization Scheme) that can decrease virtualization cost by almost one order of magnitude compared to a static selection scheme, while considering the other two objectives.
Debunking the Myths Behind Nonviolent Civil Resistance

Scholars argue that nonviolence is likelier to cause political change in comparison to other strategies, including violence. This study identifies issues throughout this literature ranging from coding procedures, observational sampling, to interpretations of phenomena. If unarmed violence, reactive violence, and omitted cases are analyzed, nonviolent success rates are worse than formerly considered. Inclusion of 19th century (1800–99) cases and previously unanalyzed cases from the 20th century reveals that nonviolent campaigns experienced a 48% rate of success, whereas campaigns that adopted unarmed violence were 61% successful, campaigns utilizing reactive unarmed violence were 60% successful, and 30% of fully violent campaigns were successful. Nonviolence is not a causal determinant of political change, but rather, its implementation falls short of a probabilistic coin toss. There is reason to presume this literature is biased toward elite interests in similar ways to how scientific inquiry on dietary and substance guidelines has historically been skewed by corporatism.
P2X7 Receptor Blockade Prevents ATP Excitotoxicity in Oligodendrocytes and Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Oligodendrocyte death and demyelination are hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we show that ATP signaling can trigger oligodendrocyte excitotoxicity via activation of calcium-permeable P2X7 purinergic receptors expressed by these cells. Sustained activation of P2X7 receptors in vivo causes lesions that are reminiscent of the major features of MS plaques, i.e., demyelination, oligodendrocyte death, and axonal damage. In addition, treatment with P2X7 antagonists of chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of MS, reduces demyelination and ameliorates the associated neurological symptoms. Together, these results indicate that ATP can kill oligodendrocytes via P2X7 activation and that this cell death process contributes to EAE. Importantly, P2X7 expression is elevated in normal-appearing axon tracts in MS patients, suggesting that signaling through this receptor in oligodendrocytes may be enhanced in this disease. Thus, P2X7 receptor antagonists may be beneficial for the treatment of MS.
Being an unaccompanied- a dilemma for policy? Representations of unaccompanied teenagers in Norwegian policy

ABSTRACT The discourse surrounding unaccompanied teenagers’ migration seems to favor a willing-participant model in their journey to asylum. When such a discourse is prominent, other restrictive measures are taken, such as invoking temporary, limited permits to control the migration of children without an adult. Further, policy frameworks are not consistent; they change depending on the government in power and its political-ideological leanings. As such, this paper aims to uncover the representation of unaccompanied teenagers within the changing political ideology and discourse that emerge in four Norwegian whitepapers between 2004 and 2016. Inclusion, education, and immigration policies are critically analyzed to identify how they discursively represent unaccompanied teenagers seeking asylum. I argue that these papers’ changing ideological representations of unaccompanied teenagers reveal the essentialization of collective identities that have shifted during the period identified.
Measures of labour market accessibility. What can we learn from observed commuting patterns?

It is well known that measures of labour market accessibility explains spatial variation in housing prices even in markets with polycentric labour market structures. This paper examines whether data on observed commuting patterns can replace or supplement gravity-based measures representing the commuting potential at specific locations. We use data from a region in Western Norway,and we find that measures based on observed commuting flows and commuting time cannot replace a gravity-based measure of labour market accessibility. Based on, inter alia, the spatial Durbin estimator we find that measures of observed commuting flows increase the explanatory power of a hedonic house price model.
Family size and effective population size in a hatchery stock of coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch )

Means and variances of family size measured in five year-classes of wire-tagged coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were linearly related. Population effective size was calculated by using estimated means and variances of family size in a 25-yr data set. Although numbers of age 3 adults returning to the hatchery appeared to be large enough to avoid inbreeding problems (the 25-yr mean exceeded 4500), the numbers actually contributing to the hatchery production may be too low. Several strategies are proposed to correct the problem perceived. Argument is given to support the contention that the problem of effective size is fairly general and is not confined to the present study population.
Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from aquatic environments in Brazil: a systematic review

This article discusses antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from aquatic environments in Brazil, taking into account isolation sites, the main reported antimicrobial agents, the genes involved in resistance, the most prevalent bacterial genera and species, and the main mechanisms of resistance. This review is based upon specialized literature, consulting published scientific articles selected from the SciELO, PubMed and LILACS databases. Based upon the inclusion criteria, we selected 21 articles, most (61.6%) were from PubMed, with the highest prevalence for work done in the Southeast region (71.4%) in freshwater environments (71.4%), and the major focus on farm ponds (28.6%). Gram-negative bacteria are the most studied (71.4%) and the Aeromonas spp. was the one found most frequently (19.0%). The most frequently used antimicrobials were chloramphenicol (81.0%), gentamicin (76.2%), sulpha/trimethroprim (71.4%), ampicillin (61.9%) and tetracycline (71.4%); and the ones with higher prevalence of resistance were chloramphenicol (58.8%), sulpha/trimethroprim (78.5%) and ampicillin (84.6%). It was found that studies on resistance in other aquatic environments have not yet been conducted in Brazil, especially in the North and Northeast regions, where irregular rainfall distribution leads to the use of reservoirs as supply sources during the dry season, highlighting concerns regarding the quality, contamination and maintenance of these resources, as the water is intended for human use or for production purposes.
Restoring Rainforest Fragments: Survival of Mixed‐Native Species Seedlings under Contrasting Site Conditions in the Western Ghats, India

Historical fragmentation and a current annual deforestation rate of 1.2% in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot have resulted in a human‐dominated landscape of plantations, agriculture, and developed areas, with embedded rainforest fragments that form biodiversity refuges and animal corridors. On private lands in the Anamalai hills, India, we established restoration sites within three rainforest fragments (5, 19, and 100 ha) representing varying levels of degradation such as open meadow, highly degraded sites with dense Lantana camara invasion, abandoned exotic tree plantations (Eucalyptus grandis and Maesopsis eminii), and sites with mixed‐native and exotic tree canopy. Between 2000 and 2004, we planted annually during the southwest monsoon 7,538 nursery‐raised seedlings of around 127 species in nine sites (0.15–1.0 ha). Seedlings monitored at 6‐monthly intervals showed higher mortality over the dry season than the wet season and survival rates over a 2‐year period of between 34.4 and 90.3% under different site conditions. Seedling survival was higher in sites with complete weed removal as against partial removal along planting lines and higher in open meadow and under shade than in sites that earlier had dense weed invasion. Of 44 species examined, survival across sites after 24 months for a majority of species (27 species, 61.4%) was higher than 50%. Retaining regenerating native species during weed clearing operations was crucial for rapid reestablishment of a first layer of canopy to shade out weeds and enhance survival of shade‐tolerant rainforest seedlings.
eBAT: An Efficient Automated Web Application Testing Approach Based on Tester’s Behavior

Web application failure detection relies mostly on the tester’s creativity, leaving test automation to only ease executing repetitive tasks. Existing automated testing techniques opt for test path diversity or input generation but not the tester’s behavioral patterns. For example, testing deeply nested business logic, proper form submission, or non-redundant navigation are not considered. This paper proposes eBAT, an automated testing approach that considers those testers’ interaction patterns from observation. A behavior-driven action selection strategy is derived from these patterns to interact with the system. Actionable elements (buttons, links, inputs, etc.) obtained through state abstraction and interaction pattern-wise grouping are operated in a tree-based manner. The effectiveness and efficiency of eBAT are evaluated as the unique number of failures detected and the detection rate respectively. Results compared against the state-of the-art indicate significant improvement in failure detection with similar code coverage. Moreover, eBAT outperforms the baseline failure detection rate in 5 out of 6 benchmark projects.
Employment Stakeholder Analysis using Social Network Analysis in Morocco

Skill mismatch is a major cause of youth unemployment in many countries. Reducing skill mismatch requires close collaboration between employment stakeholders. Unfortunately, most prior work overlooks studying the collaboration between such stakeholders. In this paper, we examine the extent of collaboration between employment stakeholders using social network analysis in three major regions in Morocco. We built a dataset from a survey filled out by employment stakeholders during the opening ceremony of the USAID career center in Morocco in 2017. From this data, we create a novel collaboration framework that includes 3 categories: Know collaboration, Existing collaboration and Desire collaboration. Our analysis indicates that there is very little collaboration between employment stakeholders. Very few stakeholders appear to know each other; those that know each other either already collaborate or express a desire to start collaborating. Another unexpected finding is that the exchange between Universities and the Private Sector is very limited and Youth are almost excluded from the exchange of information about the job market needs. Using these types of information we can draw the big picture about the lack of collaboration between employment stakeholders, identify the key stakeholders in each city and finally suggest solutions to improve and create collaborations.
Karakter Rhizobakteri Pelarut Fosfat Potensial dari Rhizosfer Tumbuhan Mangrove Teluk Awur Kabupaten Jepara secara Mikrobiologi

Ekosistem mangrove Teluk Awur yang terletak di Kabupaten Jepara, Provinsi Jawa Tengah, merupakan salah satu ekosistem mangrove yang mengalami kerusakan cukup parah karena perluasan lahan budidaya ikan (tambak), sehingga mendorong terjadinya erosi pantai. Peremajaan kembali dan konservasi ekosistem mangrove dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan bakteri tanah yang mampu mendukung pertumbuhan tanaman atau yang biasa disebut Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). Salah satu mekanisme pendukung pertumbuhan tanaman oleh kelompok PGPR adalah dengan aktivitas pelarutan fosfat karena fosfat dalam tanah berada dalam bentuk yang sulit diserap oleh tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh isolat Rhizobakteri pelarut fosfat yang unggul dalam melarutkan fosfat secara in-vitro dan mengetahui karakter isolat yang diperoleh. Isolasi dan penapisan rhizobakteri pelarut fosfat dilakukan menggunakan medium Pikovskaya agar. Karakterisasi isolat potensial dilakukan secara mikrobiologi dan atau uji aktivitas biokimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rhizobakteri pelarut fosfat potensial yang berhasil diisolasi, secara mikrobiologi teridentifikasi ke dalam genus Enterobacter.