Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying Domain-specific Senses and Its Application to Text Classification

This paper focuses on domain-specific senses and presents a method for identifying predominant sense depending on each domain. The method consists of two steps: selecting senses by text classification and scoring senses by link analysis. Sense selection is to identify each sense of a word to the corresponding domain. We used a text classification technique. Senses were scored by computing the rank scores using the Markov Random Walk (MRW) model. The method was tested on WordNet 3.0 and the Reuters corpus. For evaluation of the method, we compared the results with the Subject Field Codes resources, which annotate WordNet 2.0 synsets with domain labels. Moreover, we applied the results to text classification. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the method.
Comparative Outcomes After Unprotected Left Main Stem Percutaneous Coronary Intervention A National Linked Cohort Study of 5,065 Acute Cases

Objectives The goal of this study was to report outcomes from percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to an unprotected left main stem (UPLMS) stenosis according to presenting syndrome, including ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non – ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS), and chronic stable angina (CSA). Background There are no published whole-country data concerning patient outcomes following PCI to UPLMS. Methods This study is a prospective national cohort study using data from the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society (BCIS) registry from January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2010. Results Of 5,065 patients having PCI to an UPLMS, 784 (15.5%) presented with STEMI, 2,381 (47.0%) with NSTEACS, and 1,900 (37.5%) with CSA. Crude 30-day and 1-year mortality rates were STEMI: 28.3% and 37.6%, NSTEACS: 8.9% and 19.5%, and CSA: 1.4% and 7.0%, respectively. Unadjusted in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event rates were
Abundance of environmental Vibrio species in marine environment and characterization of cryptic plasmids

Water samples were collected from several previously determined sampling sites at Mai Po Nature Reserve (22°29′N to 22°31′N and 113°59′E to 114°03′E) and Cape d’Aguilar Marine Reserve (22°12′N and 114°15′E) of Hong Kong. Fifty environmental isolates of Vibrio species were isolated from water samples of Mai Po Nature Reserve and the Cape d’Aguilar Marine Reserve in Hong Kong and they were screened for the presence of plasmids. Mai Po is a wastewater-impacted area while the Cape d’Aguilar Marine Reserve is a pristine marine water. Plasmids were found in Vibrio isolates from both sites at similar frequencies and each site had distinctive plasmid profiles. These plasmid-bearing Vibrio isolates were identified to be different species of the Vibrio species by both biochemical test and subsequent full-length 16S rRNA sequences. Antibiotic resistance test showed that all these plasmid-bearing Vibrio isolates showed multiple resistance to the 21 antibiotics tested. In addition, selective isolates also showed tolerance to 10 μM Hg in culture medium and these isolates generally harbored large plasmid(s) (>30 kb). Among the plasmids detected, a novel cryptic plasmid, pVC, from an environmental isolate of Vibrio cholerae MP-1 from Mai Po Nature Reserve in Hong Kong has been isolated. The complete nucleotide sequence analysis (3,806 bp) revealed three major putative open reading frames (ORFs). Our results showed that high frequency of plasmid in Vibrio species of both polluted and pristine environments may be ecologically important to the survival of these bacteria in the environment. At the same time, public awareness of the associated problem with these bacteria should also be acknowledged. The specific functioning of the cryptic plasmids remains the focus of our current investigations.
Dynamics of salivary proteins and metabolites during extreme endurance sports – a case study

As noninvasively accessible body fluid, saliva is of growing interest in diagnostics. To exemplify the diagnostic potential of saliva, we used a mass spectrometry‐based approach to gain insights into adaptive physiological processes underlying long‐lasting endurance work load in a case study. Saliva was collected from male and female athlete at four diurnal time points throughout a 1060 km nonstop cycling event. Total sampling time covered 180 h comprising 62 h of endurance cycling as well as reference samples taken over 3 days before the event, and over 2 days after. Altogether, 1405 proteins and 62 metabolites were identified in these saliva samples, of which 203 could be quantified across the majority of the sampling time points. Many proteins show clear diurnal abundance patterns in saliva. In many cases, these patterns were disturbed and altered by the long‐term endurance stress. During the stress phase, metabolites of energy mobilization, such as creatinine and glucose were of high abundance, as well as metabolites with antioxidant functions. Lysozyme, amylase, and proteins with redox‐regulatory function showed significant increase in average abundance during work phase compared to rest or recovery phase. The recovery phase was characterized by an increased abundance of immunoglobulins. Our work exemplifies the application of high‐throughput technologies to understand adaptive processes in human physiology.
Cortical Activations during the Mental Rotation of Different Visual Objects

Whole-head functional magnetic resonance imaging was applied to nine healthy right-handed subjects while they were performing three different mental rotation tasks and two visual control tasks. The mental rotation tasks comprised stimuli pairs derived from the "classical" 3D cube figures first used by R. N. Shepard and J. Metzler (1971, Science 171, 701-703), pairs of letters, and pairs of abstract figures developed by J. Hochberg and L. Gellmann (1977, Memory Cognit. 5, 23-26). In some cases, the paired objects were identical except that they were rotated in a certain plane. In other cases, the two objects were incongruent. Subjects were shown one pair of objects at a time and asked to judge whether the two were the same. In line with previous studies we found that decision times increased linearly with the degree of separation between the two objects. Cortical activation converged to demonstrate bilateral core regions in the superior and inferior parietal lobe (centered on the intraparietal sulcus), which were similarly activated during all three mental rotation tasks. Thus, our results suggest that different kinds of stimuli used for mental rotation tasks did not inevitably evoke activations outside the parietal core regions. For example we did not find any activation in brain areas known to be involved in lexical or verbal processing nor activations in cortical regions known to be involved in object identification or classification.
Clash of the Primary Motivations: Motivated Processing of Emotionally Experienced Content in Fear Appeals About Obesity Prevention

ABSTRACT This study examined individuals’ physiological and cognitive responses to different types of emotionally experienced content located in obesity prevention fear appeals. Results suggested that experienced valence impacted individuals’ attention and memory as a function of experienced arousal level. Local content that created coactive highly arousing experiences received the most attention, though visual recognition suggested these messages were more difficult to encode. Local content that created negative moderately arousing experiences was best encoded. Global message evaluation data suggest that moderately arousing messages with a change in experienced valence may prove to be most effective, as they ensure attention and good memory while keeping high self-reported interest, and a high level of perceived severity of obesity. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Hardness Measurement of Bulk Wheat by Single-Kernel Visible and Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

ABSTRACT Reflectance spectra (400 to 1700 nm) of single wheat kernels collected using the Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS) 4170 were analyzed for wheat grain hardness using partial least squares (PLS) regression. The wavelengths (650 to 700, 1100, 1200, 1380, 1450, and 1670 nm) that contributed most to the ability of the model to predict hardness were related to protein, starch, and color differences. Slightly better prediction results were observed when the 550–1690 nm region was used compared with 950–1690 nm region across all sample sizes. For the 30-kernel mass-averaged model, the hardness prediction for 550–1690 nm spectra resulted in a coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.91, standard error of cross validation (SECV) = 7.70, and relative predictive determinant (RPD) = 3.3, while the 950–1690 nm had R2 = 0.88, SECV = 8.67, and RPD = 2.9. Average hardness of hard and soft wheat validation samples based on mass-averaged spectra of 30 kernels was predicted and compared with the SKCS 4100 re.
Family system characteristics and psychological adjustment to cancer susceptibility genetic testing: a prospective study

This study examined prospectively the contribution of family functioning, differentiation to parents, family communication and support from relatives to psychological distress in individuals undergoing genetic susceptibility testing for a known familial pathogenic BRCA1/2 or Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer‐related mutation. Family functioning, differentiation to parents, hereditary cancer‐related family communication and perceived support from relatives were assessed in 271 participants for genetic testing before test result disclosure. Hereditary cancer distress (assessed by the Impact of Event Scale) and cancer worry (assessed by the Cancer Worry Scale) were assessed before, 1 week after, and 6 months after test result disclosure. Participants reporting more cancer‐related distress over the study period more frequently perceived the communication about hereditary cancer with relatives as inhibited, the nuclear family functioning as disengaged‐rigid or enmeshed‐chaotic, the support from partner as less than adequate and the relationship to mother as less differentiated. Especially, open communication regarding hereditary cancer and partner support may be important buffers against hereditary cancer distress. Identifying individuals with insufficient sources of support and addressing the family communication concerning hereditary cancer in genetic counseling may help the counselee to adjust better to genetic testing.
Prediction of protein digestibility by an in vitro enzymatic pH-stat procedure.

Zusammenfassung Die Bestimmung der Proteinverdaulichkeit durch eine In-vitro-Enzym-pH-Stat-Methode Die enzymatische in vitro Verdaulichkeit von Nahrungs- und Futtermitteln wurde bei konstantem pH in einem pH-Stat bestimmt. Die drei-Enzym-Methode von Hsu et al. (1977) und die vier-Enzym-Methode von SATTERLEE et al. (1979) wurden benutzt, und der Verbrauch von Titranten wahrend des Verdauungsvorganges wurde mit der wahren Proteinverdaulichkeit von entsprechenden Proteinproben, bestimmt in Versuchen mit Ratten, verglichen. Die pH-Stat Technik verbesserte die Bestimmung der in vitro Verdaulichkeit verglichen mit der originalen Methode, wo der pH-Abfall in der Proteinsuspension notiert und fur die Bestimmung der Proteinverdaulichkeit benutzt wurde. Die beste Bestimmung der in vitro Proteinverdaulichkeit wurde bei Anwendung der drei-Enzym-Methode und einer Inkubationszeit von 10 Minuten erreicht. Fur die 30 Proteine, die auf diese Weise getestet wurden, wurde ein Korrelationskoeffizient von 0,96 und ein Restfehler der linearen Regression von 1,29 erzielt. Bei Benutzung der Gleichung einer einfachen Regression konnte die Proteinverdaulichkeit sowohl in Pflanzenproteinen wie in Proteinen tierischer Herkunft und ferner in Proben mit hoher Pufferkapazitat genau bestimmt werden. Eine Vorverdauung von Proben mit Hilfe von Pepsin vor der pH-Stat Verdauung wurde vorgenommen und akzeptable Bestimmungen wurden erzielt. Die Vorverdauung mit Hilfe von Pepsin kann sich als gunstig erweisen, zum Beispiel bei Testproteinen die Protease-Inhibitoren enthalten. Die Wirkungen der Vorbehandlung mit Alkali wurde ebenfalls getestet. Eine Beigabe von Kalziumionen beeinfluste die in vitro Bestimmung, und Unterschiede im Mineralgehalt verschiedener Proteintypen erklaren zum Teil die Unterschiede in der Empfindlichkeit die zwischen verschiedenen Proteingruppen festgestellt worden sind. Im allgemeinen last die Proteinverdaulichkeit sich mit Hilfe der pH-Stat Methode genau bestimmen. Besondere physikalische und chemische Charakteristika von gewissen Proteinen konnen jedoch moglicherweise eine exakte Bestimmung der Proteinverdaulichkeit mit Hilfe der enzymatischen in vitro Methode verhindern.
Improved method for fluorescence labeling of sugar chains with sialic acid residues.

The pyridylamination methodis useful for the structural analysis of sugar chains from small amountsof glycoproteins. About 60% of the sialyl linkage was, however hydrolyzed under the reaction conditions reported previously.1>2) The growing need for fluorescence labeling oi sialyl sugar chains prompted us to re-investigate the reaction conditions. Recently, we tried pyridylamination conditions under which sialic acid residues were not released, but the yield of pyridylamino (PA-) sugar chains was low.3 4) Here, an improved procedure for the pyridylamination of sialyl sugar chains is described. The yield of PA-sugar chains was almost quantitative, and desialyl-
p53 expression and apoptosis in varicocele in the rat testis.

PURPOSE We investigated the presence of p53 expression and apoptosis in an experimental model of varicocele in the rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 30 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied in 3 groups, namely group 1-13 with varicocele, group 2-9 with sham operation and group 3-8 controls. All animals underwent orchiectomy after 30 days and sections of the left testis from each animal were studied. TUNEL was used to detect apoptotic germ cells and an apoptotic index (AI) was calculated for each testis specimen. p53 expression was determined immunohistochemically and graded according to the proportion of cells stained in each specimen. RESULTS AI values in group 1 testes were 0% to 0.51% (mean 0.06% +/- 0.13%) and the corresponding range in group 2 was 0.04% to 0.69% (mean 0.25 +/- 0.21%). No group 3 control specimens showed TUNEL staining (AI 0% in all). Although the mean AI in group 1 was higher than that in controls, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.318). The mean AI value in group 2 was significantly higher than in the control group (p = 0.021) but it was comparable to that in group 1 (p = 0.099). Seven (53.8%) and 2 (22.2%) specimens in groups 1 and 2, respectively, showed p53 staining in germ cell nuclei. None of the specimens in group 3 showed nuclear p53 expression. The grade of p53 expression in group 1 was significantly higher than that in groups 2 (p = 0.042) and 3 (p = 0.011). Expression grades in groups 2 and 3 were not significantly different (p = 0.426). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge p53 expression that may reflect abnormal spermatogenesis has been documented for the first time in an experimental model of varicocele in the rat testis. In contrast to other investigations, no link between apoptosis and varicocele was detected.
Identification of a gag-encoded cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope from FBL-3 leukemia shared by Friend, Moloney, and Rauscher murine leukemia virus-induced tumors

FBL-3 is a highly immunogenic murine leukemia of C57BL/6 origin induced by Friend murine leukemia virus (MuLV). Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with FBL-3 readily elicits CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) capable of lysing FBL-3 as well as syngeneic leukemias induced by Moloney and Rauscher MuLV. The aim of this current study was to identify the immunogenic epitope(s) recognized by the FBL-3-specific CD8+ CTL. A series of FBL-3-specific CD8+ CTL clones were generated from C57BL/6 mice immunized to FBL-3. The majority of CTL clones (32 of 38) were specific for F-MuLV gag-encoded antigen. By using a series of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing full-length and truncated F-MuLV gag genes, the antigenic epitope recognized by the FBL-3 gag-specific CTL clones, as well as by bulk-cultured CTL from spleens of mice immune to FBL-3, was localized to the leader sequence of gPr80gag protein. The precise amino acid sequence of the CTL epitope in the leader sequence was identified as CCLCLTVFL (positions 85-93) by examining lysis of targets incubated with a series of synthetic leader sequence peptides. No evidence of other CTL epitopes in the gPr80gag or Pr65gag core virion structural polyproteins was found. The identity of CCLCLTVFL as the target peptide was validated by showing that immunization with the peptide elicited CTL that lysed FBL-3. The CTL elicited by the Gag peptide also specifically lysed syngeneic leukemia cells induced by Moloney and Rauscher MuLV (MBL-2 and RBL-5). The transmembrane peptide was shown to be the major gag-encoded antigenic epitope recognized by bulk-cultured CTL derived from C57BL/6 mice immunized to MBL-2 or RBL-5. Thus, the CTL epitope of FBL-3 is localized to the transmembrane anchor domain of the nonstructural Gag polyprotein and is shared by leukemia/lymphoma cell lines induced by Friend, Moloney, and Rauscher MuLV.
Nondipolar Content of T Wave Derived from a Myocardial Source Simulation with Increased Repolarization Inhomogeneity

Background: Several conditions with repolarization disturbances are associated with increased level of nondipolar components of the T wave. The nondipolar content has been proposed as a measure of repolarization inhomogeneity. This computer simulation study examines the link between increased nondipolar components and increased repolarization inhomogeneity in an established model.
Cerebral Protection in Carotid Angioplasty – Is There a Need? Advantages and Disadvantages of Each Type of Protection Device

Currently, ischemic cerebral vascular accident (ICVA; stroke) is an illness with a high incidence and a high mortality rate [1,2]. In Brazil, depending on the state of the Brazilian Federation and the period analyzed, cerebrovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality [3]. More‐ over, survivors present a continuous risk of developing serious complications [4]. Carotid atherosclerotic disease is the cause of approximately 15 to 20% of cerebrovascular accidents [5].
Multiple Missing Fundamental Phenomenon as a Monaural-Beat Perception

It is found that a monaural beat induced by two missing fundamentals of complex tones (A and B) may be perceived, even in the condition without the envelope component of beat. This was realized by mixing the complex tone A with the missing fundamental frequency f0a and the complex tone B with the missing fundamental frequency f0b. When we listen together, then an additional missing fundamental frequency ∆f (= f0b f0a) may be perceived as the beat. The ∆f was changed to 2, 4, 8 and 16 Hz. The total tone mixed with two complex tones has the envelope fluctuation corresponding to ∆f in the real waveform when the all components are in phase. When the components are out of phase, however, such an envelope fluctuation disappears. As experimental results, in both cases, the beats of ∆f were perceived clearly for the stimuli until f0a = 256 Hz, and the beats produced by the signals out of phase were perceived when the f0a was more than 256 Hz. These results show that the beats independent of envelope fluctuations may be detected, and they can be described by the delay times of the maximum peak in the autocorrelation function (ACF) of the sound signal.
Adherence to Long-Acting Inhaled Therapies among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Abstract Background: Long-acting inhaled medications are an important component of the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), yet few studies have examined the determinants of medication adherence among this patient population. Objective: We sought to identify factors associated with adherence to long-acting beta-agonists (LABA) and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) among patients with COPD. Methods: We performed secondary analysis of baseline data collected in a randomized trial of 376 Veterans with spirometrically confirmed COPD. We used electronic pharmacy records to assess adherence, defined as a medication possession ratio of ≥0.80. We investigated the following exposures: patient characteristics, disease severity, medication regimen complexity, health behaviors, confidence in self-management, and perceptions of provider skill. We performed multivariable logistic regression, clustered by provider, to estimate associations. Results: Of the 167 patients prescribed LABA, 54% (n = 90) were adherent to therapy while only 40% (n = 74) of 184 the patients prescribed ICS were adherent. Higher adherence to LABA and ICS was associated with patient perception of their provider as being an “expert” in diagnosing and managing lung disease [For LABA: OR = 21.70 (95% CI 6.79, 69.37); For ICS OR = 7.93 (95% CI 1.71, 36.67)]. Factors associated with adherence to LABA, but not ICS, included: age, education, race, COPD severity, smoking status, and confidence in self-management. Conclusions: Adherence to long-acting inhaled medications among patients with COPD is poor, and determinants of adherence likely differ by medication class. Patient perception of clinician expertise in lung disease was the factor most highly associated with adherence to long-acting therapies.
Phase noise in digital frequency dividers

This paper presents a physical derivation of phase noise in source-coupled-logic frequency dividers. This analysis takes into account both white and flicker noise sources and is verified on two 32/33 dual-modulus prescalers integrated in a 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS process. Design techniques for high-speed and low-noise operation are provided. The two integrated prescalers are identical apart from a synchronizing flip-flop at the output of one of them. The measured phase spectra are in good agreement with the estimates and demonstrate that the final synchronization allows a better trade-off between noise and power consumption. The maximum operating frequency is 3 GHz, the power consumption is 27 mW and the phase noise floor is -163 dBc/Hz referred to the 78-MHz output.
Abietane diterpenoids from Cephalotaxus lanceolata

Abstract A new abietane diterpenoid, 12-O-methyl-20-deoxocarnosol-3-one (1), and eight known abietane diterpenoids including 13-abietadien-12-one (2), 5,6-dehydrosugiol (3), sugiol (4), torreyayunnin (5), taxusabietane A (6), hinokiol (7), 3-acetoxyabieta-8,11,13-trien-12-ol (8), and martiusane (9) were obtained from leaves and twigs of Cephalotaxus lanceolata. The structures of isolated compounds (1–9) were determined based on analysis of their spectroscopic data and comparison with those reported in the literature. Compounds 3, 8 and 9 were first isolated from the plants of Cephalotaxus genus. Graphical Abstract
A Comparative Content Analysis of Environmental Claims in Magazine Advertisements in China and the United States

To help understand how media in China and the United States respond to the growing environmental concern, the authors conducted a comparative content analysis to study environmental advertising claims in two weekly Chinese news magazines—Liao Wang and China News Weekly—and two weekly U.S. news magazines—Time and Newsweek. The use of environmental claims, advertising strategy, and advertiser characteristics were examined. Results showed that ads in Time and Newsweek placed more emphasis on corporate images, green brand logos, green/nature visuals, eco-labels, adoption of renewable materials, recycling, and price benefit. By contrast, Liao Wang and China News Weekly placed more emphasis on green products, need satisfaction, and quality benefit.