Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wildfire risk and its perception in Kabylia (Algeria)

Abstract: This research aims to study wildfire perception by residents living in Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) in Kabylia (Algeria). We conducted an exploratory qualitative survey contacting 254 randomly selected individuals in eight hamlets of the Mizrana forest. Face-to-face questionnaires were administered to understand the fire risk problem. Respondents think that their homes are not exposed to fire risk and perceive their hamlets are protected against wildfires; on the contrary, they perceive their property (fields, livestock, olive trees, etc.) as exposed to fire risk. The vast majority of respondents declare to know how to defend themselves in the case of a fire event, using water and hand tools. Residents mainly use fire for stubble burning and disposal of domestic waste. Their skill in using fire as a land management tool respectively comes from their fathers, grandfathers and mothers. Results show the necessity of making resident more aware of the risks that wildfires pose to them. A culture of risk needs to be developed within the territory to limit vulnerability and the likelihood of destructive fires.
Wissenserwerb mit Multimedia

Es wird untersucht, ob und wieweit multimediale Lernumgebungen geeignet sind, einer konstruktivistischen Sicht des menschlichen Wissenserwerbs Rechnung zu tragen. Hierzu wird eine Klarung des Begriffs "Multimedia" vorgenommen, indem zwischen dem semiotischen, dem technischen und dem sensorischen Aspekt des Medienbegriffs differenziert wird. Die verschiedenen Formen der multimedialen Informationsdarbietung (schriftliche und mundliche Texte, realistische Bilder und Diagramme) basieren auf der Verwendung unterschiedlicher Zeichensysteme. Sie konnen dementsprechend in deskriptionale und depiktionale Reprasentationen untergliedert werden, die sich durch jeweils unterschiedliche Nutzungseigenschaften auszeichnen. Anknupfend an theoretische Ansatze zum Verstehen von Texten, Verstehen von realistischen Bildern und Verstehen von Diagrammen wird ein Modell des Wissenserwerbs mit Multimedia dargestellt, in dem mentale deskriptionale und depiktionale Reprasentationen von unterschiedlichem Abstraktheitsgrad angenommen werden. Bezugnehmend auf dieses Modell werden dann empirische Befunde zur Rolle unterschiedlicher kognitiver Lernvoraussetzungen, zur Aufmerksamkeitssteuerung bzw. Informationskoordination, zu den Unterschieden zwischen auditiver und visueller Textverarbeitung sowie zu den jeweiligen Vor- und Nachteile des Wissenserwerbs mit statischen versus animierten Bildern beim Wissenserwerb mit Multimedia dargestellt und eingeordnet. Auserdem wird auf die Moglichkeiten einer nicht-Iinearen Informationsorganisation durch Hypermedien und die damit verbundenen Anforderungen eingegangen. Es wird argumentiert, dass ein differenzierteres Verstandnis der beim Wissenserwerb mit Multimedia stattfindenden psychischen Prozesse als eine Voraussetzung dafur anzusehen ist, die neuen Technologien adaquat fur Prozesse des Lehrens und Lernens zu nutzen. (DIPF/Orig.)
Theory of Negative Political Consciousness: The Case of Reliance on the Credenda and the Medieval Justification of Political Power

This paper assesses two instruments of power: the miranda and credenda of power. These instruments can be found in different power systems and regimes: in ancient Greece, Islamic medieval states or even in Modern Middle Easter states. The first approach is historical, which helps to understand the origin of the miranda and credenda of power. The second approach is theoretical, which helps to show both the miranda and credenda of power that are used to assess the claims to the justification of power. As a critique, this paper shows that semi-democracies, fascist states, theocracies, and communist regimes use these instruments excessively to justify their power. Abuse of such instrument is only possible by generating “negative political consciousness” of which aim is to make folks to become rightless and powerless. Such trend is a threat to a healthy democracy. The aim of this paper attempts to show the important role of miranda and credenda of power in justification of power.
Computational Social Science: Exciting Progress and Grand Challenges

The past 15 years have witnessed an incredible increase in both the scale and also scope of social and behavioral data available to researchers. Over the same period, and driven by the same explosion in data, the study of social phenomena has increasingly become the province of computer scientists, physicists and other “hard” scientists. Papers on social networks and related topics appear routinely in top science journals and computer science conferences; network science research centers and institutes are sprouting up in top universities; and funding agencies from DARPA to NSF have moved quickly to embrace what is being called “computational social science. ”
PRIVACY AND OWNERSHIP PROTECTION OF OUTSOURCED CLOUD DATA

Cloud computing is emerging technology for data storage . The user can store and share the documents using the cloud storage. Hence data security and ownership are critical concerns in cloud computing . It is common nowadays for data owners to outsource their data to the cloud. Since the cloud cannot be fully trusted, the outsourced data should be encrypted . Attribute based encryption (ABE) schema is used. But standard ABE scheme has large cipher text size and high decryption cost, and this problem is especially for resource limited devices such as mobile devices. So we design an ABE scheme for a secure cloud storage service By allowing a third party to achieve a data privacy, integrity.aslo asymmetric algorithms (RSA, AES, and Deffie hellman) are applied to a cloud computing model to ensure the data security. Proposed system reduces the ciphertext size and decryption time using RCCA standard,also prove ownership of data in cloud by using Tag generation algorithm and hash algorihm.
Synthesis of Diethyl Malonate under the Catalysis of Expandable Graphite

In the synthesis of diethyl malonate with ethanol and malonic acid as reactants, the catalytic activity of expandable graphite (EG) was investigated, which was prepared by simple and rapid method with natural flake graphite, potassium permanganate and sulfuric acid (75%) as per the mass ratio of 1.0:0.15:6.67. The ethanol to acid mole ratio, EG dosage and its repetitive effectiveness were determined through single factor experiments. Appropriate condition for the synthesis of diethyl malonate was determined as: ethanol to malonic acid mole ratio was 6.0:1.0, EG was added as per an 8% mass percentage of the total quality of reactants, cyclohexane was added at a level of 20 mL, the reaction maintained slight boiling state until no water separated. Under the above condition, yield of diethyl malonate reached 77.6%. Repetition experiments showed that the catalyst could be reused three times without obvious loss of activity. However, it was significantly reduced in the 4th time. Nevertheless, its expansion performance almost remained unchanged.
Metal induced cross-tolerance to abiotic stresses in halophytes

8 Introduction . 9 Materials and methods . 11 Study Area and Sampling . 11 Experimental setup . 12 Pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry . 12 Pigment profiling . 13 Leaf fatty acid composition . 14 Anti-oxidant enzyme assays . 14 Membrane lipid peroxidation . 15 Statistical analysis . 15 Results . 16 PAM fluorometry . 16 Leaf pigment composition . 25 Anti-oxidant enzymes . 29 Fatty acid composition . 32 Discussion. 35 References . 40 Chapter III . 44 Salinity Stress tolerance in pre-conditioned C3-succulent and C4-grass type halophytes . 44 Abstract . 45 Introduction . 46 Materials and methods . 48. 45 Introduction . 46 Materials and methods . 48 Study Area and Sampling . 48 Experimental setup . 48 Pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry . 48 Pigment profiling . 48 Leaf fatty acid composition . 49 Anti-oxidant enzyme assays . 49 Membrane lipid peroxidation . 49 Statistical analysis . 49
Growth Responses of External Hyphae of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Acidic Soil Conditions and their Effects on Cowpea Growth

The effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi has often been attributed to growth of their external hyphae, whilst the hyphae themselves may be subjected to the effects of severe soil conditions. The growth of external hyphae of Gigaspora margarita and Glomus etunicatum and their functions in cowpea growth have been studied at low soil pH using a pot system making is possible for the hyphae to grow separately from their host’s roots. Pots had two compartments, one for roots (RC) and one for hyphae (HC). The RC was a cylindrical bag made of 30 i m nylon mesh that retains the roots but allows the hyphae to pass through, placed centrally and surrounded by the HC. Initially, the RC was filled with 120 g of a soil/sand mixture (pH 5.3), inoculated with G. margarita , G. etunicatum or free fungal inoculants. A pre-germinated cowpea seed was grown in the compartment for two weeks before the HC was filled with 580 g of the mix in which the pH had been adjusted to 4.6, 4.9 or 5.2. Growth of the plants and of the fungal hyphae in the HC was assessed 6 weeks later. The two fungi differed in their responses to soil pH levels in their growth of external hyphae although they colonized plant roots in the same way. At pH 4.6, the hyphae of G. etunicatum grew more weakly than those of G. margarita . Increasing the pH enhanced the growth of G . etunicatum’s hyphae but reduced G. margarita’s . In relation to their external hyphal functions, G. margarita was able to improve its shoot dry weight and P uptake of cowpea plants higher than G. etunicatum . These findings highlight the ability of developing an extensive external hyphal network under adverse conditions of excessive H+ ions as an important characteristic for the effectiveness of AM fungi in acidic soils.
Acoustic Impulse Response Interpolation for Multichannel Systems Using Dynamic Time Warping

We present a method of interpolation of room acoustic impulse responses for reducing measurement sets in multichannel convolution systems. The method employs the use of Dynamic Time Warping for the synthesis of early reflections and critical band analysis for diffuse decay decorrelation. An objective study of the reduced data sets in comparison to full spatial resolution measurements taken in a reverberant environment is presented through binaural measurements. Listening tests are conducted under controlled conditions for investigation into the perceptual attributes associated with the synthesized audio.
Another Look to the Price-Dividend Ratio: A Markov-Switching Approach

This paper analyzes the stationarity of this ratio in the context of a Markov-switching model a la Hamilton (1989) where an asymmetric speed of adjustment is introduced. This particular specification robustly supports a nonlinear reversion process and identifies two relevant episodes: the post-war period from the mid-50ٳ to the mid-70ٳ and the so called 0ٳ boomݠperiod. A three-regime Markov-switching model displays the best regime identification and reveals that only the first part of the 90ٳ boom (1985-1995) and the post-war period are near-nonstationary states. Interestingly, the last part of the 90ٳ boom (1996-2000), characterized by a growing price-dividend ratio, is entirely attributed to a regime featuring a highly reverting process.
Activity of low level laser therapy on burning wounds in diabetic rats

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of low level laser (LLL) therapy in the healing of third degree burning wounds in diabetic and non-diabetic Wistar rats. Methods: The diabetes was experimentally induced with streptozotocine 14 days before the burning injury induction. The rats suffered the induction of third-degree burning injury and were divided into four groups as follows: control group; non-diabetic treated group; diabetic group; diabetic treated group. All animals received occlusive bandages during the experimental days. The treated animals received the following treatment in alternate days: diode GaAlAs laser (650 nm/ 12 mW), fluency of 3 J/cm2 until the 7th experimental day followed by 6 J/cm2 from the 7th day until the euthanasia day. The burning wounds were morphometrically, macroscopically and microscopically evaluated at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days after the induction. Results: The wound contraction was significantly higher in all experimental days in treated groups when compared to the diabetic and non-diabetic control groups. Microscopically, there was a significant increase in angiogenesis and in fibrogenesis during the proliferative stage in the treated groups. Conclusion: Therefore, we conclude that LLL therapy favored the tissue healing process with 3 J/cm2 dosage for the inflammatory stage and with 6 J/cm2 dosage for the proliferative and remodeling ones, accelerating the burning wound contraction and improving the healing process.
Vehicle Body Shape Analysis of Tricycles for Reduction in Fuel Consumption

Growing concern about environmental protection and energy conservation has led a number of studies to increase fuel economy and reduction in emissions. From theoretical studies one of the major factors influencing fuel consumption is air resistance and developing ways to reduce this influencing factor could be achieved by designing vehicle body shape to have a low coefficient of air resistance. This paper focuses on the comparative analysis of fuel consumption of one of an existing tricycles and NASENI TP1 with reference to their body shapes. Solid models for these two different tricycles were done and simulated using Solidworks flowxpress. Mathematical models were applied to compare the rate of fuel consumption between the simulated models. The result of simulation shows that there is a 2% reduction in coefficient of drag (Cd) and 17.34% reduction in fuel consumption for NASENI TP1 as compared to the referenced tricycle.
Analysis of Wood Fuel Use Development in Riga

Use of wood fuel is a sustainable solution of district heating system development for the countries which do not have fossil fuel reserves, but have rich forest resources. The study analyses the options for wood fuel use in Latvia's capital, Riga. The STATGRAPHICS Forecasting and regression analysis modelling tools were used to develop two possible forecasting curves showing the trend of wood fuel use until the year 2020. The results show that the share of the amount of heat produced by wood fuel in Riga could reach 25% of total heat demand if the current trend continues.
An ordered heuristic for the allocation of resources in unrelated parallel-machines

This work is supported by FEDER Funds through the “Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade - COMPETE” program and by National Funds through FCT “Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia” under the project: FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-PEst-OE/EEI/UI0760/2011 and PEstOE/EEI/UI0760/2014.
(Dis)unity in Diversity: How Common Beliefs about Ethnicity Benefit the White Mauritian Elite*

ABSTRACT White Africans are particularly associated with the troubles South Africa and Zimbabwe have faced throughout their histories. The story of the Franco-Mauritians, the white elite of Mauritius, and how they have fared during more than forty years since the Indian Ocean island gained independence, is much less known. However, their case is relevant as a distinctive example when attempting to understand white Africans in postcolonial settings. Unlike whites elsewhere on the continent, Franco-Mauritians did not apply brute force in order to defend their position in the face of independence. Yet the society that emerged from the struggle over independence is one shaped by dominant beliefs about ethnicity. As this article shows, despite a number of inverse effects Franco-Mauritians have benefited from this unexpected twist, and part of the explanation for their ability to maintain their elite position lies therefore in the complex reality of ethnic diversity in postcolonial Mauritius.
Application of Ozone Related Processes to Mineralize Tetramethyl Ammonium Hydroxide in Aqueous Solution

Tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) is an anisotropic etchant used in the wet etching process of the semiconductor industry and is hard to degrade by biotreatments when it exists in wastewater. This study evaluated the performance of a system combined with ultraviolet, magnetic catalyst (/) and , denoted as UV/, to TMAH in an aqueous solution. The mineralization efficiency of TMAH under various conditions follows the sequence: UV/ g UV// g /// g / g // g g UV/. The results suggest that UV/ process provides the best condition for the mineralization of TMAH (40 mg/L), resulting in 87.6% mineralization, at 60 min reaction time. Furthermore, the mineralization efficiency of /// was significantly higher than that of , /, and UV/. More than 90% of the magnetic catalyst was recovered and easily redispersed in a solution for reuse.
An Ensemble Model using a BabelNet Enriched Document Space for Twitter Sentiment Classification

With the widespread usage of social media in our daily lives, user reviews emerged as an impactful factor for numerous fields including understanding consumer attitudes, determining political tendency, revealing strengths or weaknesses of many different organizations. Today, people are chatting with their friends, carrying out social relations, shopping and following many current events through the social media. However social media limits the size of user messages. The users generally express their opinions by using emoticons, abbreviations, slangs, and symbols instead of words. This situation makes the sentiment classification of social media texts more complex. In this paper a sentiment classification model for Twitter messages is proposed to overcome this difficulty. In the proposed model first the short messages are expanded with BabelNet which is a concept network. Then the expanded and the original form of the messages are included in an ensemble learning model. Consequently we compared our ensemble model with traditional classification algorithms and observed that the F-measure value is increased.
Barriers to living kidney donation among relatives of patients with chronic renal failure in south Africa

Background: The number of patients with chronic renal failure awaiting kidney transplantation has been increasing in the country. There is a great awareness regarding the importance of kidney donation among family members and the public at large. But little is known about their reluctance to donate kidney. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore and describe barriers to living kidney donation among relatives of patients with chronic renal failure undergoing haemodialysis in one of the provinces in South Africa. Methods: The study used qualitative, descriptive, exploratory and contextual design. Purposive sampling was carried out to select close family members and relatives of patients undergoing haemodialysis. Data was collected through individual face to face in-depth interviews with 25 participants. Interviews were recorded and analysed using thematic content analysis approach. Results: This study identified six major barriers to living kidney donation among relatives of patients with chronic renal failure undergoing haemodialysis. They included: cultural beliefs, mistrust, fear, lack of information, being old, and pre-existing medical conditions. These barriers are well documented in the literature. Conclusion: The study has direct implication for the quality of life of patients with chronic renal failure. Kidney transplantation is associated with drastic improvements in survival and quality of life as well as considerable cost savings, compared with haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. It cannot be achieved without organ donors. Therefore, extensive public education aimed at ad-dressing factors restraining people to donate organ is needed.
Cardioprotective, antioxidant activities and Phytochemical analysis by GC-MS of Gmelina arborea (GA) in Doxorubicin-induced myocardial necrosis in Albino rats

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used cancer chemotherapeutic agent. However, it generates free oxygen radicals that result in serious dose-limiting cardiotoxicity. Supplementations with Gmelina arborea (Verbenaceae) were proven effective in reducing oxidative stress associated with several ailments. The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential protective effect of Gmelina arborea (GA) against DOX- induced cardiotoxicity in rats. GA was given orally to rats(250&500mg/kg) and DOX (20mg/kg) was administered on the seventh day. GA protected against DOX-induced increased the levels of marker enzymes. It significantly inhibited DOX-provoked glutathione (GSH) depletion in cardiac tissues. The reductions of cardiac activities of catalase (CAT) ,superoxide dismutase (SOD) ,glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GR) were significantly mitigated. Pretreatment of GA significantly guarded against DOX-induced rise of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). GA alleviated histopathological changes in rats’ hearts treated with DOX. In conclusion, GA protects against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. The study can be attributed, at least in part, to GA’s antioxidant activity.
REACTION OF GREENGRAM (VIGNA RADIATA) TO CERCOSPORA CANESCENS (ELL.) AND MART.

Cercospora canescens was inoculated onto different aged (20-70 days old) plants of greengram (Cv. Shalimar Mung-1). The genotype was found invariably susceptible at all its growth stages with incubation period of 6-7 days and leaf spot diameter of 7.1-7.4mm as recorded after 15 days of inoculation. Total sugar content showed an increasing trend and ranged from 124 to 129 and 133 to 135mg/g dry weight during pre- and post-flowering periods, respectively. The total phenol content also increased with plant age and was maximum (26.5 mg/g dry weigh) in 60 days old plants following which an insignificant decrease (26.5 mg/g dry weight) was recorded.Twenty five genotypes of greengram were screened for resistance against the pathogen under field conditions. The genotypes showed an indifferent response to invasion by C. canescens and none showed absolute resistance. However, five genotypes viz., ML-935, PDM-54, Pusa Vishal, SM-710 and SM-366 were moderately susceptible and manifested lower leaf spot intensity (27.5-30.4 %) and pod infection(34-35.4 %).
Development of a topology-based current-flux characteristic approximation in a Hamiltonian model of a reluctance machine

: The paper presents an algorithm for the construction of an approximation of a highly nonlinear current-flux characteristic of a synchronous reluctance machine. Such an approximation is required in a Hamiltonian model of an electric machine and the constructed approximation is suited to be used in such a model. It employs a simplicial approximation based on irregular points sets in the spaces of currents and fluxes. The sets are constructed by the iterative insertion of new points. Initially the sets contain an arbitrarily small number of elements. The insertion is based on an approximation error calculation. Based on the sets containing possibly small number of elements, the proposed procedure leads to smooth and precise approximation. Due to the nonlinearity of the approximated characteristics, ambiguities can occur. A method for the triangulation refinement of the sets of currents and fluxes that eliminates them is also presented. In the paper, a reluctance machine model using the constructed approximation is described and compared with a model using the approximation based on regular sets.