Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heavy Metal Removal by Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) Biosorbent

This study developed an effective and economical physical pretreatment of OPEFB to be used as biosorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions such as Cu+2, Zn+2 and Pb2+. The effects of fibres sizes, metal ions concentration (100-1000 ppm), initial pH (4-10) and contact time (20-150 min) were investigated in batch system. Samples were characterized with Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Fourier Transmission Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR). Results showed pH-dependence adsorption efficiency and increased adsorption with initial metal concentrations where more than 92% adsorption efficiency achieved. We have successfully developed an eco-friendly, low cost adsorbent without any chemical modification or excessive energy disposal.
The matter of complex anti-matter: the portrayal and framing of physics in Dutch newspapers

Physics is often perceived as difficult, but there has been little research on how physics is reported in the media. In this two-stage content analysis, we examine the portrayal of physics in five major Dutch newspapers. Results show that astronomy and astrophysics is the most prominent field. Furthermore, newspaper articles are triggered almost equally by scientific and non-scientific events. Finally, the majority of described physics concepts are framed as difficult, but journalists do provide explanations for them.
A Study on Stock Assessment of Chub Mackerel(Scomber japonicus) in South Korea Using CMSY and BSS Models

This study attempted to assess the stock status of chub mackerel(Scomber japonicus), which is one of commercially important fish species in South Korea. Recent studies on stock assessment of chub mackerel have been done, but they have several limitations such as setting up prior information and distributions for major variables. In this study, stock assessment models, Monte Carlo method (CMSY) and Bayesian state-space (BSS) method, that can be analyzed even in limited data and based on prior information and distributions with relatively clear evidence were used. To evaluate the stock status of chub mackerel, annual changes in the amount of biomass and the ratio of the amount of biomass in the last year to BMSY (the biomass which can produce maximum sustainable yield) were estimated. Results showed that the status of chub mackerel was assessed to be 'Grossly overfished' by CMSY model and 'Overfished' by BSS model, respectively. That is, the biomass of chub mackerel is decreasing and the current level of biomass is much lower than that of BMSY.
Band switching matching networks for SiGe 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz dual‐band three‐mode low noise amplifier

A dual‐band three‐mode low‐noise amplifier was demonstrated by using 0.35‐μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. For dual‐band applications, a band switching matching network controlled by MOSFET switches was introduced. Through setting On/off of two MOSFET switches, the proper matching networks were arranged at either 2‐ or 5‐GHz band for dual‐band three‐mode LNA design. The fabricated chip was measured on an FR‐4 in 2.4‐, 5.2‐, and 5.8‐GHz bands, which achieved a power gain better than 15 dB, a noise figure of 4.2 dB, input/output return losses of 9 dB, and an input P1dB of −23.5 dBm. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2717–2721, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22840
Analysis for Soluble Solid Contents in Pineapples using NIR Spectroscopy

This research investigates the use of predictive models and a low cost spectroscopy in non-invasive Soluble Solids Content (SSC) assessment. The challenge is to model complex and high-dimensional spectral data. Results indicate that the SSC prediction of pineapples harvested on different days using the proposed approach is promising. The second study evaluates common pre-processing practices. Findings indicate that the best accuracy would be achieved when visible spectrum was excluded, second order Savitzky-Golay derivative with the optimal filter length was used, and the absorbance transformation was avoided.
A study of road crack detection by the meta-genetic algorithm

This paper describes the detection of road cracks from monochrome images based on an evolutionary model in artificial life. We propose the application of the meta-level genetic algorithm (GA) system to accumulate pseudo-solutions in each generation cycle for the 1st GA. The ability to detect road cracks has been studied on the basis of appropriate template matching controlled by the 2nd-GA which is under the control of the 1st-GA. The number of generation cycles of the 2nd-GA is used as a performance index to evaluate the adaptability of this system.
10-nm CMOS : a design study on technology requirement with power/performance assessment

The scaling of CMOS technology has progressed rapidly for three decades, contributing to the superior performance and dramatically reduced cost per function for modern integrated circuits. As the CMOS dimension, in particular, the channel length approaches the nanometer regime (< 100nm), however, static power dissipation increases precipitously due to increasing leakage currents arising from quantum mechanical tunneling and electron thermal energy. To extend CMOS scaling to 10 nm while still gaining significant performance benefit, alternative device structures or materials are being studied extensively. This work considers the device design and technology requirements of scaling bulk MOSFET to the ultimate limit of 10 nm. For control of short channel effects, the 2-D scale length theory provides a guideline for CMOS device design. A scale length of less than 7 nm is required for 10-nm MOSFET with acceptable short channel effect. High-K dielectric is needed to replace silicon dioxide so that an effective oxide thickness of 0.4 nm can be obtained without inducing detrimental gate tunneling leakage. High body doping level of above 10¹⁹ cm⁻³ is required to control the depletion width to 5 nm. Metal gate would be needed to replace polysilicon gate to avoid poly-depletion effect. Counterdoping in the surface channel layer is necessary in order to lower the threshold voltage to 0.2 - 0.3 V. Also studied in this work are optimum gate-to-source/drain overlap length and the effect of source/drain lateral gradient on circuit performance. An inverse source/drain lateral gradient smaller than 3 nm /decade is needed to avoid excessive source/drain series resistance. Regions where the source/drain doping level drops below 7\\times10¹⁹ cm⁻³ should not be left un-gated. In order to manage the increasing active power due to the increasing integration level, the scaling limit of power supply voltage is studied based on noise margin considerations. Mixed-mode simulation of a three-way NAND gate is used to study the minimum noise margin condition with the threshold roll-off taken into account. It is shown that a minimum supply voltage of 0.5 V is required for high performance CMOS circuits
Advances in Decision Analysis: Applications of Decision Analysis to the Military Systems Acquisition Process

We used decision analysis to define requirements for the US Marine Corps' mobile protected weapons system during the concept selection phase of the systems acquisition process; to analyze the mix of air defense weapons for the forward area air defense of the US Army during the demonstration and validation phase; to assist in the evaluation by US Army and the Marine Corps of competing proposals for the light armored vehicle in the full-scale development phase; to determine which service (army or air force) should be the proponent for the PATRIOT missile system in the production and fielding phase; and to provide cost-benefit priorities of projects to the Marine Corps in the program objectives memorandum process, which allocates resources throughout the systems acquisition cycle.
Banp regulates DNA damage response and chromosome segregation during the cell cycle in zebrafish retina

Btg3-associated nuclear protein (Banp) was originally identified as a nuclear matrix-associated region (MAR)-binding protein and it functions as a tumor suppressor. At the molecular level, Banp regulates transcription of metabolic genes via a CGCG-containing motif called the Banp motif. However, its physiological roles in embryonic development are unknown. Here we report that Banp is indispensable for the DNA damage response and chromosome segregation during mitosis. Zebrafish banp mutants show mitotic cell accumulation and apoptosis in developing retina. We found that DNA replication stress and tp53-dependent DNA damage responses were activated to induce apoptosis in banp mutants, suggesting that Banp is required for regulation of DNA replication and DNA damage repair. Furthermore, consistent with mitotic cell accumulation, chromosome segregation was not smoothly processed from prometaphase to anaphase in banp morphants, leading to a prolonged M-phase. Our RNA- and ATAC-sequencing identified 31 candidates for direct Banp target genes that carry the Banp motif. Interestingly, a DNA replication fork regulator, wrnip1, and two chromosome segregation regulators, cenpt and ncapg, are included in this list. Thus, Banp directly regulates transcription of wrnip1 for recovery from DNA replication stress, and cenpt and ncapg for chromosome segregation during mitosis. Our findings provide the first in vivo evidence that Banp is required for cell-cycle progression and cell survival by regulating DNA damage responses and chromosome segregation during mitosis.
Intelligent docking for an autonomous ocean sampling network

Examines the complexities associated with docking for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) operating within an autonomous ocean sampling network. By looking at the different stages in a typical mission profile for a number of actual runs, the authors can qualitatively estimate failure rates for each of the different stages of docking. The authors examine statistics for the following stages - undocking and launching the vehicle; completing the mission; returning to the vicinity of the dock; turning on the homing beacon; homing into the dock; latching onto the dock; and finally aligning inductive cores for power transfer. Despite differing probabilities of success for the individual stages, the authors show that the redundancy associated with retrying each stage until the exit condition is met, is sufficient to yield a very high overall system reliability.
A distribution function from population genetics statistics using Stirling numbers of the first kind: Asymptotics, inversion and numerical evaluation

Stirling numbers of the first kind are common in number theory and combinatorics; through Ewen's sampling formula, these numbers enter into the calculation of several population genetics statistics, such as Fu's Fs. In previous papers we have considered an asymptotic estimator for a finite sum of Stirling numbers, which enables rapid and accurate calculation of Fu's Fs. These sums can also be viewed as a cumulative distribution function; this formulation leads directly to an inversion problem, where, given a value for Fu's Fs, the goal is to solve for one of the input parameters. We solve this inversion using Newton iteration for small parameters. For large parameters we need to extend the earlier obtained asymptotic results to handle the inversion problem asymptotically. Numerical experiments are given to show the efficiency of both solving the inversion problem and the expanded estimator for the statistical quantities.
Fracture Properties of α– and ĸ–Al2O3 Hard Coatings Deposited by Chemical Vapor Deposition

Although α– and κ–Al2O3 hard coatings deposited by chemical vapor deposition are well established in the metal-cutting industry for their ability to increase the performance and lifetime of cutting tools, the literature on their fracture properties is scarce. Thus, within this study, the microstructure and mechanical properties of α– and κ–Al2O3 coatings were investigated and compared to each other. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy combined with electron backscatter diffraction showed that both coatings exhibited a fiber texture, where the α-Al2O3 coating displayed a (0001) texture and the κ–Al2O3 coating a (001) texture with a certain (013) contribution. Higher hardness and Young’s modulus values of 31.0 ± 0.9 GPa and 474.6 ± 12.5 GPa, respectively, were obtained for the α–Al2O3 coating, compared to 24.2 ± 0.8 GPa and 356.8 ± 7.9 GPa for κ–Al2O3. While the α–Al2O3 coating exhibited a higher fracture stress of 8.1 ± 0.3 GPa (compared to 6.4 ± 0.6 GPa for κ–Al2O3), the κ–Al2O3 coating showed a higher fracture toughness of 4.4 ± 0.3 MPa*m1/2 (compared to 3.2 ± 0.3 MPa*m1/2 for alpha).
Reply on RC1

Reply on RC1 Manu Anna Thomas et al. Author comment on "Marine aerosol properties over the Southern Ocean in relation to the wintertime meteorological conditions" by Manu Anna Thomas et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. , https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-509-AC1, 2021 Response to Reviewer #1 This study presents a detailed investigation into sea spray aerosol properties over the Southern Ocean. Sea spray aerosol is an important contributor to total aerosol radiative forcing and poorly constrained in climate models; hence how it may change in a warming world is not well understood. The analysis is thorough and gives a comprehensive picture of sea spray aerosol properties (which are assumed to be the dominant source of marine aerosol during austral winter).
Dopingless super-steep impact ionisation MOS (dopingless-IMOS) based on workfunction engineering

A unique approach is proposed to realise dopingless impact-ionisation MOS (dopingless-IMOS) using work-function engineering of electrodes to form charge plasma as a substitute for doping. Using appropriate work-function difference between metal electrodes and intrinsic silicon film with thickness less than the intrinsic Debye length (L D) leads to charge plasma formation, in turn this charge plasma induces uniform p-type source and n-type drain. The proposed dopingless-IMOS is simulated using two-dimensional technology computer-aided design (TCAD) Sentaurus to compare its electrical characteristics with conventional IMOS having identical device dimensions and bias conditions. Dopingless-IMOS (DL-IMOS) offers a simple fabrication process flow as it avoids the need for ion implantation, photo masking and complicated thermal budget. Hence, it is highly immune to process variations, doping control issues and random dopant fluctuations and it retains the inherent distinctive advantages of IMOS.
Fuzzy Logic Pavement Maintenance and Rehabilitation Triggering Approach for Probabilistic Life-Cycle Cost Analysis

Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is an important tool in transportation asset management. Transportation agencies have used both deterministic and probabilistic LCCA approaches. Probabilistic approaches allow decision makers to evaluate the risk of an investment by using uncertain input variables, assumptions, or estimates. The incorporation of fuzzy logic–based models into the risk analysis process is explored to enhance further the traditional probabilistic LCCA method. It proposes a fuzzy logic approach for determining the timing of pavement maintenance, rehabilitation, and reconstruction (MR&R) treatments in a probabilistic LCCA model for selecting pavement MR&R strategies. Instead of using predefined service life for initial construction and future rehabilitations, the proposed approach uses performance curves and fuzzy logic triggering models to determine the most effective timing of MR&R activities. The new approach is compared with the deterministic and traditional probabilistic approaches in a simple case study. The case study demonstrates that the fuzzy logic–based risk analysis model for LCCA can effectively produce results that are at least comparable to those of the benchmark methods while effectively considering some of the uncertainty inherent to the process.
Emission Modelling and Model-Based Optimisation of the Engine Control

Modern Diesel engines require a model based optimisation of the engine control to fully exploit the additional degrees of freedom of modern engines. For identification of combustion engines, different experimental model structures are presented and compared to each other. The local adaptive model approach LOPOMOT is derived from the the local linear model approach LOLIMOT and an adaptive polynomial approach. Further regarded model structures are the in automotive industry well known look-up tables and the individual approximators kernel models. The model structures are generally presented and are rated with regard to applications in an electronic control unit. For the identification of the combustion engine, the combustion outputs NOx, soot and the engine torque are regarded. Experimental models are presented for measurements from the engine test bed. Stationary and dynamic effects are modelled separately, to avoid the influence of measurement dynamics. Thus, stationary measurements can be applied to identify the combustion models. The connection of these stationary combustion models to a dynamic air path model enables a dynamic overall simulation of the Diesel engine. The stationary and the dynamic model qualities are demonstrated using measurements from the engine test bed. The models are then applied for a stationary and a dynamic optimisation of control functions for the engine control unit. At first a local optimisation is presented for the stationary optimisation, which shows the Pareto front of the emissions NOx and soot. The subsequent global optimisation minimises the fuel consumption over a test cycle and formulates the emission limits as constraints. Initial values for the global optimisation are taken from the results of the local optimisation. Finally, a robust global optimisation is presented, which regards model uncertainties and variations due to series tolerances. For the dynamic optimisation, the trajectories of the air path actuators are optimised for a typical acceleration event. Because of the high computationally effort, such an optimisation can not be performed during engine operation, but it enables conclusions about suitable control structures. Thereafter, a smoke limitation based on the soot model is presented. This model based smoke limitation requires no additional calibration effort, but the model parameters are difficult to interpret. Therefore, a simplification to an open loop control structure with look-up tables is shown, which enables a manual fine tuning of the maps. This dissertation contributes to the model based optimisation of engine control functions and presents new modelling and optimisation approaches. Furthermore, new model structures are compared to the in automotive industry well known look-up tables and assets and drawbacks are discussed.
ROBUST OF LOW RANK MATRIX AND COLLABORATIVE REPRESENTATION FOR FACE RECOGNITION

In this paper we have introduced improvement Robustness method for face recognition, which combine of the low-rank with collaborative representation. The applications of this model are based on the truth that proposed method can effectively deal with the face recognition across different illumination and occlusion, as well as the nature of corrupted and occluded regions. The method is able to be applied directly on original face image neither does it require feature selection, nor does it need many training samples. Experiments have been performed on various benchmark face database. The proposed method outperforms many state-of-the-art methods.
Conceptual understanding of 8th grade students based on big ideas: The case of measurement

This study aims to examine the conceptual understanding of middle-school 8th graders on measurement based on big ideas. To this aim, a case study was carried out with six students from a state middle school. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with the instrument developed by the researchers and consisting of seven open-ended questions. Both descriptive and content analysis were performed to analyze the data. Descriptive analyses were conducted considering the framework of two big ideas in the area of measurement identified by the NCTM (2000). Content analysis using NVivo was employed in analysing the audio-recorded interviews and written responses. The results revealed students had a limited understanding of measurement. It was also determined that the majority of the students made dimensional estimations, showed a rote-based approach in calculating the perimeter, area and volume, and had difficulties in making sense of these concepts. In addition, the understanding of students regarding the volume was found to be limited to interior volume. Finally, some recommendations were made to develop understanding of measurement of students.
Effect of Point Defects on Electronic Structure of Monolayer GeS

Using density functional theory calculations, atomic and electronic structure of defects in monolayer GeS were investigated by focusing on the effects of vacancies and substitutional atoms. We chose group IV or chalcogen elements as substitutional ones, which substitute for Ge or S in GeS. It was found that the bandgap of GeS with substitutional atoms is close to that of pristine GeS, while the bandgap of GeS with Ge or S vacancies was smaller than that of pristine GeS. In terms of formation energy, monolayer GeS with Ge vacancies is more stable than that with S vacancies, and notably GeS with Ge substituted with Sn is most favorable within the range of chemical potential considered. Defects affect the piezoelectric properties depending on vacancies or substitutional atoms. Especially, GeS with substitutional atoms has almost the same piezoelectric stress coefficients eij as pristine GeS while having lower piezoelectric strain coefficients dij but still much higher than other 2D materials. It is therefore concluded that Sn can effectively heal Ge vacancy in GeS, keeping high piezoelectric strain coefficients.
The growth of modern interferometry for industrial inspection

Two major developments in interferometry are discussed. One is the availability of cheap reliable He-Ne lasers, which have replaced expensive, unreliable and unwieldy sources with a device with is compact and cheap. The most recent product, coherent laser diodes, give extremely robust and reliable sources in a very small semiconductor package. The other development is the growth of computer technology, which has made high speed digital image processing available at low cost to most workers in the field. The analysis of interferograms is an algorithmic issue.
Correct rheology simulation on compliant thoracic aorta model: comparison between CFD and MRI velocity measurements

Morphological (MRI) and haemodynamic (phase contrast MRI) medical data are used to perform functional imaging for arteries. The relevant data (velocity field, wall shear stress, pressure gradient, etc.) are the output of the computation of the blood flow that is coherent with the input medical data. The methodology used to avoid solving the complex fluid–structure interaction problem while accounting for the wall motions is presented first. Results corresponding to thoracic aorta model are then presented to establish the capabilities of the method to account for the Windkessel effect.
Tagging and Shallow Processing of Portuguese: Workshop Notes of TASHA'2003

s are extended versions of the abstracts originally submitted and take into account the remarks offered by the reviewers, to the extent that this was possible by the space constraints of the present publication. We would like thus to thank all the colleagues that contributed to the workshop with their submissions to be anonimously appreciated by the program committee. We are also grateful to the colleagues that took part in the program committee and helped in the