Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Rater Reliability on the Glueck Scale for the Prediction of Juvenile Delinquency

The author is Associate Professor in the School of Social Welfare of Louisiana State University, with responsibility for the programs in corrections and delinquency. He is also co-director of the Louisiana Juvenile Officers Training Institute. From 1956 to 1959, Professor Prigmore served as superintendent of the state correctional school for delinquent boys in Tennessee, and from 1951 to 1956 he was Supervisor of Training for the Wisconsin Bureau of Probation and Parole, as well as Program Coordinator, Juvenile Institutions. Earlier, he was a social worker at the Wisconsin School for Boys. In the following article, Professor Prigmore reports on a study concerning the Social Prediction Table developed by Sheldon and Eleanor T. Glueck for the prediction of delinquency. What is the reliability of raters in the use of the Glueck scale as a predictive instrument? What does rater reliability or lack of it tell us about the validity, accuracy, and efficiency of the Glueck scale? In an effort to answer these questions, the author made comparisons among the ratings of eight male social workers, matched for education and experience. Two of the raters were Northern-educated Negroes, two were Northern-educated whites, two were Southern-educated Negroes, and two were Southerneducated whites. The author here presents his findings and discusses their implications with respect to possible refinements of the Glueck approach. -EDITOR.
Model based manipulator control

The feasibility of using model based control (MBC) for robotic manipulators was investigated. A double inverted pendulum system was constructed as the experimental system for a general study of dynamically stable manipulation. The original interest in dynamically stable systems was driven by the objective of high vertical reach (balancing), and the planning of inertially favorable trajectories for force and payload demands. The model-based control approach is described and the results of experimental tests are summarized. Results directly demonstrate that MBC can provide stable control at all speeds of operation and support operations requiring dynamic stability such as balancing. The application of MBC to systems with flexible links is also discussed.
Development and allele diversity of microsatellite markers linked to the aluminium tolerance gene Alp in barley

Aluminium (Al) toxicity is one of the main factors restricting barley production in acidic soils. The utilisation of barley cultivars tolerant to Al is one of the most economic strategies for expanding barley production in these soils. Among barley genotypes, the cultivar Dayton has been reported to exhibit the highest level of Al tolerance. The gene conferring Al tolerance in Dayton, Alp, has been mapped to the long arm of chromosome 4H using RFLP markers. However, such markers are not useful for routine marker-assisted selection in breeding programs due to the cost and labour associated with their use. To increase the ease by which marker-assisted selection can be conducted for Alp, we sought to identify microsatellite markers linked to this gene. Several such markers that flank Alp were identified in a mapping population from a cross between Dayton and Harlan Hybrid. The most tightly linked microsatellite markers, HVM68 and Bmag353, flank Alp and are 5.3 cM and 3.1 cM from this locus, respectively. The linkage between Bmag353 and Alp was validated in a separate F3 population derived from the cross between Dayton and F6ant28B48-16, where this microsatellite marker was found to predict the Al tolerance phenotype with over 95% accuracy. Allele diversity for the 3 most tightly linked microsatellite markers was evaluated among 40 barley genotypes currently used in Australian barley breeding programs. The high levels of polymorphism detected among the genotypes with the markers indicated that the microsatellite markers, especially Bmag353 and Bmac310, will be broadly useful for marker-assisted selection of Alp in breeding programs seeking to improve Al tolerance. AR M ic a d tance H. Ra m et al
Why Swear? Analyzing and Inferring the Intentions of Vulgar Expressions

Vulgar words are employed in language use for several different functions, ranging from expressing aggression to signaling group identity or the informality of the communication. This versatility of usage of a restricted set of words is challenging for downstream applications and has yet to be studied quantitatively or using natural language processing techniques. We introduce a novel data set of 7,800 tweets from users with known demographic traits where all instances of vulgar words are annotated with one of the six categories of vulgar word use. Using this data set, we present the first analysis of the pragmatic aspects of vulgarity and how they relate to social factors. We build a model able to predict the category of a vulgar word based on the immediate context it appears in with 67.4 macro F1 across six classes. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of modeling the type of vulgar word use in context by using this information to achieve state-of-the-art performance in hate speech detection on a benchmark data set.
On Small Signal Frequency Stability under Virtual Inertia and the Role of PLLs

This paper presents a methodology that aims at identifying virtual inertia (VI) gain limitations from virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) while maintaining the frequency stability considering the delay associated with the frequency measurement process. The phase-locked loop (PLL) is typically used for frequency estimation that is used to calculate the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) and it drives the VI loop. The PLL is generally accompanied by a low-pass filter that aims to suppress the impact of harmonics. This filter introduces a delay that when used with the VI control loop causes stability issues for high values of VI gain. A comparison of various PLL approaches suggests that certain variants tend to permit higher value of cut-off frequencies which can be utilized to increase the VI gain limit from VSG. This study presents a method by which the upper limit on VI gain can be quantified and related to the cut-off frequency of the PLL low pass filter that is indirectly representing the delay. It is performed using small signal frequency stability analysis on the frequency domain model of the grid with virtual inertia emulating VSG. The effective maximum VI gain from VSG is explored while satisfying the frequency measurement accuracy specification considering harmonics. The results show that the requirements of reaching a stable operation with sufficient stability margins can still be met with a faster PLL-based system and the potential increases in VI support from VSG can be quantified using the proposed method. The study has been first performed on a single machine single inverter bus (SMSIB) system and is generalized to the multi-machine and multi-inverter system.
Chapter 1 Filesystem Partitioning via Hierarchical Cluster Analysis

As research computation achieves larger scales and takes greater advantage of hardware accelerators such as FPGAs, GPUs, and TPUs, the availability and performance of the storage system becomes a bottleneck in the overall performance of an application. Checkpointing, scratch storage, and data distribution all place storage in the critical path of the application, forcing the storage system to keep up. Parallel filesystems offer a way of delivering large file I/O bandwidth, scaling with storage hardware by striping blocks, files, and volumes across different devices, and maintaining consistent metadata and organization. While data servers can easily increase replication and shift load away from overloaded servers, metadata servers must maintain stronger consistency guarantees. It is common to use filesystem partitioning to balance the load of requests. Choice of partitioning scheme depends on user activity and filesystem organization. While it is possible in some cases to shift excessive loads between metadata servers, the requirement for consistent semantics of operations makes it difficult to distribute a single part of the filesystem tree across multiple metadata servers. When load on a particular metadata server becomes excessive, all requests (including some data requests) cannot be served efficiently. Users then experience degraded performance or loss of service despite. In this situation, accesses to a single part of the filesystem translate to load on a single metadata server responsible for a partition. Thus the overall system’s performance is degraded while leaving data storage nodes underutilized [15]. For parallel filesyetems at increasing scales, metadata bottlenecks become the limiting factor for performance and usability. These pathological metadata access patterns motivate many of the design choices of modern parallel filesystems. Widely deployed shared filesystems such as Panasas [14], Lustre [2], Ceph [13], Gluster [9], and HDFS [11] rely on separate data and metadata servers to make a filesystem tree and its data visible from anywhere in the system. Typical access patterns observed for file data allow for optimizations to servers that can simplify operation and improve throughput and parallel access. Large reads and write of file data are especially suited to bulk access operations. Unlike the generally simple and flat structure of data stores, metadata servers must maintain consistent views of hierarchical files and directories. In order for a node to to read a file’s data, path resolution is the responsibility of metadata servers. These lookups and permission checks eventually determine the location where
Prevalência de comportamentos de risco em adulto jovem e universitário

Objective To assess the prevalence of risk behaviors in young university students.Methods Cross-sectional study carried out with 210 university students aged between 18 and 24. The applied research instrument was a validated questionnaire called National College Health Risk Behavior Survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis and logistic regression.Results Among the studied individuals, 40% ingested alcohol, 25% were overweight, 19% used motorcycles as a means of transportation, and 6% reported suicide attempts. Alcohol consumption, overweight and practicing sports were associated with men. Suicide attempts and healthier eating habits were associated with women.Conclusion Participants adopted behaviors that risked their health status, being such attitude more frequently observed among men. Alcohol consumption was the most prevalent risk behavior in this population.
Cultural Heritage, Information Science, and the Creative Process

The creative process has recently garnered research attention in the field of information science. Multiple authors have proposed original research directions and methods relating to the creative process with the goals of preserving, curating, and disseminating cultural heritage. This body of research provides empirical grounds for the development of better tools for artistic practice and, at a theoretical level, brings another interdisciplinary perspective on the creative process. The field of information science investigates the creative process through the lens of different theoretical frameworks, stemming notably from psychology, sociology, and linguistics. Research areas include empirical studies on music information–seeking behavior, creative process modeling, digital humanities projects for repertoire analysis, performance documentation methodologies, preservation frameworks, and theoretical investigations of the relationship between creative processes and archival documents. Together, these studies provide new insights into the field of information science by re-examining established categories of inquiry, as well as methodologies and ontologies pertaining to the field. The relationship between cultural heritage, information science, and the creative process highlights the singularity of the creative process as an object of research and provides a new critical perspective on the domains within which it is being investigated.
Selection Methodology of Energy Consumption Model Based on Data Envelopment Analysis

Abstract The energy efficiency monitoring methods in industry are based on statistical modeling of energy consumption. In the present paper, the widely used method of energy efficiency monitoring “Monitoring and Targeting systems” has been considered, highlighting one of the most important issues — selection of the proper mathematical model of energy consumption. The paper gives a list of different models that can be applied in the corresponding systems. The numbers of criteria that estimate certain characteristics of the mathematical model are represented. The traditional criteria of model adequacy and the “additional” criteria, which allow estimating the model characteristics more precisely, are proposed for choosing the mathematical model of energy consumption in “Monitoring and Targeting systems”. In order to provide the comparison of different models by several criteria simultaneously, an approach based on Data Envelopment Analysis is proposed. Such approach allows providing a more accurate and reliable energy efficiency monitoring.
Development of a two-sector model with an extended energy sector and application to Portugal (1960-2014)

In basic economic growth models, energy is neglected as a production factor, and output is generated from capital and labor in a single-sector process, with most of growth attributed to an exogenous residual. However, alternative approaches argue for a multi-sector system in which the major contribution to growth comes from increased efficiency in the conversion of energy to more productive forms. In this work we develop a two-sector model for the economy, featuring an extended energy sector, including all primary-to-final (energy industries) and final-to-useful (end-use devices) exergy conversion processes. Exergy is a thermodynamics concept, accounting for the potential of energy to perform work. Empirical application of the model for a single country (Portugal) requires decomposition and reclassification of national accounts and energy balances, to match empirical data with the model’s variables. Obtained estimates for the price of useful exergy (an intermediate product) facilitate the construction of gross output measures for more accurate growth accounting. Evidence suggests that declining useful exergy prices act as an engine of growth, as previously suggested in the literature. Additionally, useful exergy and capital inputs to non-energy related production act as complements while capital productivity in useful exergy generation declines slightly in the past decade.
Caiçara Communities of the Southeastern Coast of São Paulo State (Brazil): Traditional Activities and Conservation Policy for the Atlantic Rain Forest

This paper addresses the traditional resource use by Caicara communities, their means of subsistence and the critical aspects related to their survival within a restrictive protected area — the Estacao Ecologica de Jureia-Itatins (EEJI). This study is based on historical and social data and its approach is ethnographic and ethnoecological. Caicara communities descend from the intermarriage of Portuguese colonists, Indian populations and African slaves. Traditional activities linked to the ecological calendars are analyzed within economic and environmental policy contexts. The response of Caicara subsistence economy to external changes is also appraised. The EEJI is located on the southeastern coast of Sao Paulo State and is covered by the Atlantic Rain Forest. This forest is a severely endangered tropical and subtropical ecosystem, due to 500 years of demographic and urban growth. Knowledge of the historical background and the comprehension of the Caicara resource and land use practices should be integrated to policies of preservation of the Atlantic Rain Forest and, particularly to EEJI management plans.
Chapter 1 Distributed System Debugging and Depth First Search

One common algorithm for traversing the entirety of a graph is depth first search (DFS). The DFS algorithm begins at an arbitrary root node and traverses as far as it can down one branch of the graph until it cannot traverse any further. It then backtracks up to the closest unexplored branch and begins its traversal, repeating this exploratory step. Depth first search is less memoryintensive than other common graph traversal algorithms since it traverses an entire branch in one iteration then relinquishes the memory used for those nodes once the branch has been exhausted. Depth first search is explored in this chapter. An application for which DFS is useful is debugging a distributed system. In this chapter, a distributed system is defined as a set of machines which operate within some shared resource ecosystem such that the processes which make up an application can run on these multiple machines. Example applications include scientific workflows, machine learning applications, large-scale simulations, etc. Each of these applications has some inherent sense of scalability which a distributed system can provide. An application is composed of a set of atomic units of work called tasks. A task is typically a process which consumes some pre-defined input data to produce expected output data which is used by subsequent tasks. An application is thus a pipeline (or multiple concurrent pipelines) of tasks which consume some original input data to produce some final result. At the University of Notre Dame, researchers have access to a distributed system consisting of multiple machines totaling at approximately 25, 000 cores. These machines are connected by multiple resource management services. These includes an Apache Hadoop cluster, the HTCondor batch system, and the UGE batch system. Researchers write parallel applications which make use of these resources via Hadoop, HTCondor, and UGE (as well as other boutique resource managers they stand up on their own). These researchers are typically used to running their analyses, simulations, and other applications sequentially on their laptop or workstation. When asked to parallelize their work, a researcher is usually sent outside of their coding comfort zone. It is often the case that the researcher will not fully understand the level of scaling their application can handle. This could mean they write their application to be embarrassingly parallel when in fact it will not operate as such. On top of understanding the behavior of an application is the necessity of understanding how each task of an application will interact with its runtime en-
Inhibition of tunneling and edge state control in polariton topological insulators

We address the inhibition of tunneling in polariton condensates confined in a potential landscape created by a honeycomb array of microcavity pillars in the presence of spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman splitting in the external magnetic field. The coupling rate between the microcavity pillars can be strongly impacted even by weak out-of-phase temporal modulations of the depths of the corresponding potential wells. When such a modulation is implemented in truncated honeycomb arrays that realize a polariton topological insulator, which supports unidirectional edge states in the presence of spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman splitting, it allows controlling the velocity of the states. The origin of the phenomenon is the dynamical modulation with a proper frequency, which notably changes the dispersion of the system and the group velocity of edge states. We show that such a control is possible for modulation frequencies close to resonances for the inhibition of tunneling in a two-well configuration. Edge states considerably slow down, and even stop completely, when the modulation frequency approaches a resonant value, while above such a frequency, splitting of the edge states into wavepackets moving with different velocities occurs.We address the inhibition of tunneling in polariton condensates confined in a potential landscape created by a honeycomb array of microcavity pillars in the presence of spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman splitting in the external magnetic field. The coupling rate between the microcavity pillars can be strongly impacted even by weak out-of-phase temporal modulations of the depths of the corresponding potential wells. When such a modulation is implemented in truncated honeycomb arrays that realize a polariton topological insulator, which supports unidirectional edge states in the presence of spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman splitting, it allows controlling the velocity of the states. The origin of the phenomenon is the dynamical modulation with a proper frequency, which notably changes the dispersion of the system and the group velocity of edge states. We show that such a control is possible for modulation frequencies close to resonances for the inhibition of tunneling in a two-well configuration. Edge states con.
Giant planets around two intermediate-mass evolved stars and confirmation of the planetary nature of HIP 67851c

Context. Precision radial velocities are required to discover and ch aracterize planets orbiting nearby stars. Optical and near infrared spectra that exhibit many hundreds of absorption lines can allow the m s −1 precision levels required for such work. However, this means that studies have generally focused on solar-type dwarf stars. After the main-sequence, intermediate-mass star s (former AF stars) expand and rotate slower than their progenitors, th us thousands of narrow absorption lines appear in the optical region, permitting the search for planetary Doppler signals in the data for these types of stars. Aims. In 2009, we began the EXPRESS program, aimed at detecting substellar objects around evolved stars, and to study the effects of the mass and evolution of the host star on their orbital and physical properties. Methods. We have obtained precision radial velocity measurements for the giant stars HIP 65891 and HIP 107773, from CHIRON and FEROS spectra. Also, we obtained new radial velocity epochs for the star HIP 67851, which is known to host a planetary system. Results. We present the discovery of two giant planets around the intermediate-mass evolved star HIP 65891 and HIP 107773. The best Keplerian fit to the HIP 65891 and HIP 107773 radial veloc ities leads to the following orbital parameters: P=1084.5 d; mb sini= 6.0 MJ ; e=0.13 and P=144.3 d; mb sini= 2.0 MJ ; e=0.09, respectively. In addition, we confirm the planetary na ture of the outer object orbiting the giant star HIP 67851. The orbital parameters of HIP 67851 c are: P=2131.8 d, mc sini = 6.0 MJ and e=0.17. Conclusions. With masses of 2.5 M⊙ and 2.4 M⊙ , HIP 65891 and HIP 107773 are two of the most massive stars known to host planets. Additionally, HIP 67851 is one of five giant stars th at are known to host a planetary system having a close-in planet (a< 0.7 AU). Based on the evolutionary states of those five stars, we conclude that close-in planets do exist in multiple systems around subgiants and slightly evolved giants stars, but probably t hey are subsequently destroyed by the stellar envelope during the ascent of the red giant branch phase. As a consequence, planetary systems with close-in objects are not found around horizontal branch stars.