Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contextual control of conditioned pain tolerance and endogenous analgesic systems: Evidence for sex-based differences in endogenous opioid engagement

The mechanisms underlying the transition from acute to chronic pain are unclear but may involve the persistence or strengthening of pain memories acquired in part through associative learning. Contextual cues, which comprise the surrounding environment where events occur, were recently described as a critical regulator of pain memory; both rodents and humans exhibit increased pain sensitivity in environments recently associated with a single painful experience. It is unknown, however, how repeated exposure to an acute painful unconditioned stimulus in a distinct context modifies pain sensitivity or the expectation of pain in that environment. To answer this question, we conditioned mice to associate distinct contexts with either repeated administration of a mild visceral pain stimulus (intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid) or vehicle injection over the course of three days. On the final day of experiments animals received either an acid injection or vehicle injection prior to being placed into both contexts. In this way, contextual control of pain sensitivity and pain expectation could be tested respectively. Both male and female mice developed context-dependent conditional pain tolerance, a phenomenon mediated by endogenous opioid signaling. However, when expecting the presentation of a painful stimulus in a given context, males exhibited conditional hypersensitivity whereas females exhibited endogenous opioid-mediated conditional analgesia. Successful determination of the brain circuits involved in this sexually dimorphic anticipatory response may allow for the manipulation of pain memories, which may contribute to the development of chronic pain states.
Medical Waste Treatment Technologies for Energy, Fuels, and Materials Production: A Review

The importance of medical waste management has grown during the COVID-19 pandemic because of the increase in medical waste quantity and the significant dangers of these highly infected wastes for human health and the environment. This innovative review focuses on the possibility of materials, gas/liquid/solid fuels, thermal energy, and electric power production from medical waste fractions. Appropriate and promising treatment/disposal technologies, such as (i) acid hydrolysis, (ii) acid/enzymatic hydrolysis, (iii) anaerobic digestion, (vi) autoclaving, (v) enzymatic oxidation, (vi) hydrothermal carbonization/treatment, (vii) incineration/steam heat recovery system, (viii) pyrolysis/Rankine cycle, (ix) rotary kiln treatment, (x) microwave/steam sterilization, (xi) plasma gasification/melting, (xii) sulfonation, (xiii) batch reactor thermal cracking, and (xiv) torrefaction, were investigated. The medical waste generation data were collected according to numerous researchers from various countries, and divided into gross medical waste and hazardous medical waste. Moreover, the medical wastes were separated into categories and types according to the international literature and the medical waste fractions’ percentages were estimated. The capability of the examined medical waste treatment technologies to produce energy, fuels, and materials, and eliminate the medical waste management problem, was very promising with regard to the near future.
Fitness and mating consequences of variation in male allocation in a wind pollinated plant

In hermaphrodites, the allocation of resources to each sex function can influence fitness through reproductive success and mating success. In wind pollinated plants, sex allocation theory predicts that male fitness increases linearly with investment of resources into male function. However, there have been few empirical tests of this prediction. We experimentally manipulated allocation to male function in Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) in a field experiment and measured mating success using genetic assays. We investigated the effects of various morphological traits and flowering phenology on male fitness, and on male and female mate diversity. Our results provide evidence for a linear relation between allocation to male function and fitness. We find earlier onset of male flowering time increases reproductive success, while later onset flowering time increases the probability of mating with diverse individuals. This research is among the first empirical studies testing the prediction of linear male fitness returns in wind pollinated plants. Our results provide insight into the large investment into male function by wind pollinated plants and temporal variation in sex allocation.
Surfaces of Finite III-type

In this paper, we consider surfaces of revolution in the 3-dimensional Euclidean space E3 with nonvanishing Gauss curvature. We introduce the finite Chen type surfaces with respect to the third fundamental form of the surface. We present a special case of this family of surfaces of revolution in E3, namely, surfaces of revolution with R is constant, where R denotes the sum of the radii of the principal curvature of a surface.
An integrated model to decipher online food delivery app adoption behavior in the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT The demand for online food delivery has increased considerably throughout the world during the COVID-19 pandemic. Consumers’ habits in searching for information on and making decisions about ready-to-eat food have changed remarkably during this time. The purpose of this research is to explore consumers’ use of online food delivery services (OFDS) during the pandemic via applications (apps) and the moderating role played by the consumers’ perceived trust in the information. Data were collected from 246 users through e-mail and structural equation modeling using PLS-3 was used to analyze the data. We have shown 12 recent insights into OFDAs behavioral intention. We found that information and food service attributes influence the perceived usefulness of OFDS and ultimately shape the respondents’ intention to use it. Behavioral intention toward OFDS and perceived trust have a considerable influence on the use of OFDA. This research offers insights into the effects of the pandemic on the food delivery market and shows the dynamics of the interrelationships among various information- and restaurant-related attributes that lead to actual use.
Structure and Mechanical Properties of Shipbuilding Steel Obtained by Direct Laser Deposition and Cold Rolling

The study of the formation of microstructural features of low-alloy bainite-martensitic steel 09CrNi2MoCu are of particular interest in additive technologies. In this paper, we present a study of cold-rolled samples after direct laser deposition (DLD). We investigated deposited samples after cold plastic deformation with different degrees of deformation compression (50, 60 and 70%) of samples from steel 09CrNi2MoCu. The microstructure and mechanical properties of samples in the initial state and after heat treatment (HT) were analyzed and compared with the samples obtained after cold rolling. The effect on static tensile strength and impact toughness at −40 °C in the initial state and after cold rolling was investigated. The mechanical properties and characteristics of fracture in different directions were determined. Optimal modes and the degree of cold rolling deformation compression required to obtain balanced mechanical properties of samples obtained by additive method were determined. The influence of structural components and martensitic-austenitic phase on the microhardness and mechanical properties of the obtained samples was determined.
Disruptive social manufacturing models: lessons learned from Ferrari cars and Isinnova networks for a post-pandemic value creation path

Abstract This paper addresses the topic of social manufacturing, with the aim of understanding the key features of such a new manufacturing, network-based model, its enabling factors and the reasons-why a company should join and/or establish it. Building on the literature about social manufacturing and disruptive innovation, we develop a new framework to address our research questions. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many Italian manufacturing companies quickly adopted a network-based production approach, to provide a rapid response to healthcare organizations needing surgical masks, sanitisers, and pieces of equipment like ventilators. We discuss this transformation with two companies, Ferrari Cars and Isinnova, which developed a social manufacturing network that was successful in an emergency situation. Building on the empirical evidence stemming from these case-studies, we explain how and to what extent this emergency model could become stable and profitable in a post-pandemic scenario, creating economic value and opening up business opportunities.
Decision Method of the Material Characteristics by Using Three Wavelength Images

In this paper, we propose a new image processing method by using NIR (Near-InfraRed) light. There are materials which have different spectral reflectance characteristic. We measure this characteristic by using multispectral images which is taken by IR3 Camera (three band CCD camera for NIR imaging), and detect the material region. We confirmed effective of our proposed method by detecting the skin, hair and cloth region.
Fault detection in voltage-fed PWM motor drive systems

This paper investigates the use of different techniques for fault detection in voltage-fed asynchronous machine drive systems. With the proposed techniques it is possible to detect and to identify in which power switch the failure has occurred. The detection of the fault condition requires the measurement of voltages and currents and is based on analytical models of both the voltage source inverter and the asynchronous machine. Simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the correctness of the proposed techniques. The results obtained indicate that it is possible to embed some fault-tolerant properties for the voltage-fed asynchronous machine drive system.
Tuning Characteristics of Monolithic Passively Mode-Locked Distributed

Abstruct- Tuning characteristics of multicontact passively mode-locked distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) semiconductor lasers are investigated in terms of center wavelengths and pulse repetition frequencies. It is shown that the center wavelength of the pulses can be tuned over a wide range by changing the refractive index of the Bragg reflector section either by means of carrier injection or by thermal effects while maintaining the pulses to he nearly transform-limited. Tuning of the pulse repetition rates is realized by using four different approaches, i.e., current injection to a passive phase-control section, varying of the reverse bias to the absorber, varying oif the injection current to the gain region, and thermal effects. Injecting current into the phase-control region results in a tuning range of more than 400 MHz while maintaining the pulses at transform-limited condition. Varying the reverse bias voltage to the absorber is shown to be an alternative to achieve large repetition rate tuning, by which a tuning range of 600 MHz is obtained. By combining these tuning schemes, a total tuning range of more than 1 GHz is realized.
A real time neural energy management strategy for a hybrid pneumatic engine

Abstract Various energy management strategies for a hybrid pneumatic engine are reviewed and a real time neural control strategy proposed. This Neural Network strategy learns off line the optimal control given by Dynamic Programming and the resulting control model is applied on line. The diferent strategies are simulated with a backward vehicle model for various driving cycles and their fuel consumptions compared. The results show that the Neural Network strategy is better than a classical Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) and equivalent to a Variable Penalty Coefficient Strategy with Driving Pattern Recognition.
The wave-equation FD-TD method for the efficient eigenvalue analysis and S-matrix computation of waveguide structures

A modified finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) formulation based on the direct discretization of the vector wave-equation is applied to the efficient analysis of hybrid-mode waveguiding structures. For both 3-D and 2-D waveguide eigenvalue problems, the formulation requires only one grid, and just the solution of three coupled equations is necessary. Numerical examples concerning the resonant frequencies for an inhomogeneously filled waveguide resonator as well as the fundamental- and higher-order-mode propagation factors for insulated image guides, shielded coupled dielectric guides, and lateral open dielectric ridge guides demonstrate the efficiency of the method. The theory is verified by comparison with results obtained by other methods. >
An Intrusion Detection System for Network Security Using Recurrent Neural Network

To maintain the security of vulnerable network is the most essential thing in network system; for network protection or to eliminate unauthorized access of internal as well as external connections, various architectures have been suggested. Various existing approaches has developed different approaches to detect suspicious attacks on victimized machines; nevertheless, an external user develops malicious behaviour and gains unauthorized access to victim machines via such a behaviour framework, referred to as malicious activity or Intruder. A variety of supervised machine algorithms and soft computing algorithms have been developed to distinguish events in real-time as well as synthetic network log data. On the benchmark data set, the NLSKDD most commonly used data set to identify the Intruder. In this paper, we suggest using machine learning algorithms to identify intruders. A signature detection and anomaly detection are two related techniques that have been suggested. In the experimental study, the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) algorithm is demonstrated with different data sets, and the system’s output is demonstrated in a real-time network context.
Node Failure Management to Improve the Performance of Wireless Sensor Networks

A sensor network can be defined an assembly of sensor nodes which associated by all together to complete particular detailed task. These sensor nodes are mostly in huge amounts also compactly installed moreover in the network area or very near to it. Sensor networks can be worked for several sectors such that: environmental monitoring, home, health care, Industries, military, and habitat. Failure of network is unavoidable in wireless sensor networks because of unfriendly location and non-reachable placement. Hence, it is needed that network faults are discovered in time and proper methods are engaged to bear network task. So, it is important to deliver fault forbearing systems for spread sensor applications. Numerous new work in this field yield severely different methodologies to talking the fault tolerance concern in routing. In this propose review and equate present fault tolerant practices to provision for sensor applications.
Factors Influencing Student Attendance and Engagement

Undergraduate student researchers assisted with the design, delivery, and analysis for a project investigating low attendance at timetabled teaching sessions. Data was gathered from 208 students representing all four faculties on three Anglia Ruskin University campuses (i.e. Cambridge, Chelmsford, and Guild House, Peterborough), and comparison data was gathered from University Centre Peterborough.
Three Design Patterns for Secure Distributed Systems

Abstract The computers we use are not secure, and they are even less so when connected to the Internet. A lot of blame has been put on lazy sysadmins for not applying patches promptly, but the fault is not entirely theirs. We believe that distributed systems should be designed to make attacks harder and to limit the damage done when attacks succeed. We propose three components of the system architecture that address these goals and make distributed systems easier to monitor and manage, while simplifying the task of writing secure applications. Following these guidelines won't make the system secure, but doing so will make it easier to build systems that are. Introduction Much of our thinking on the subject of computer security originated in the 1960s and 1970s [1, 2], a time when computers were rarely networked, those that were connected largely trusted each other, and those connections rarely changed. That is not the situation today. Virtually all computers and an increasing number of other devices are connected to the Internet. Many of the machines out there are running software that attempts to harm others, either because their owners are malicious or because their owners are careless and have allowed malicious people take control of their machines. To make matters worse, the environment is constantly changing, with machines joining and leaving the system and even changing owners. In this paper we’ll examine three ways to structure distributed systems to make them less susceptible to attack. The patterns we describe address certain aspects of anonymity, auditing, and access control. They can limit the damage done by some denial of service attacks and can make some attacks against applications more difficult. There are many aspects of security that we don’t address in this paper. We exclude from the discussion physical security, including tamper-proof devices, methods for authentication, specification of authorization policy, most aspects of privacy, and protocols for non-repudiation. Nothing we propose can mitigate attacks against the underlying operating system, including the network stack. Also, problems of misplaced trust, social engineering, and careless users are beyond the scope of this work.
Revisiting the Debate on the Constitutionalised Status of Indigenous Languages as Language of Record in South African Judicial Proceedings

South Africa’s 1996 Constitution, subsequent to the attainment of democracy in 1994, was hailed as a distinct document in protecting languages, particularly indigenous languages. The inclusion of these languages generated a new lease of life and provided a unique opportunity especially for the judiciary to ensure their transmission into the legal domain by developing the scope and content and to not limit them as communication tools but also of records in the judicial processes. This role by the courts is particularly important because in the past, courts were used as instruments of oppression against the black majority of South Africa’s populace. The subordination was extended to other institutions such as those of higher learning, that were handicapped in producing legal education which would infuse the African content in the generation of knowledge that may have societal change objectives. Today, the indigenous language’s occupation of the constitutional space and its transmission into reality has been minotirised and subject to intense debates and views on their legitimacy as language of records in the judicial processes. The Heads of Court’s resolution for the exclusive use of English as the language of record to the exclusion of other languages generated these debates. They cited logistical problems and the enhancement of access to justice that compelled them to adopt the resolution. However, the question the resolution raises is the impact it would have on the production and preservation of indigenous legal in the establishment of a “just society”. Against this background, the paper is revisiting the debates on the effect of the non-use of indigenous languages as languages of records in South Africa’s judicial processes through an assessment of the jurisprudence that emanates from the courts with reference inclusive approach of the language of rights that will ensure that the richness of the meanings and concepts of indigenous languages are preserved in the archives of the administration of justice. The purpose to regenerate the debate is motivated by what appears to be the subsiding deafening debates and views on the development of the content of the constitutionalised indigenous languages in the judicial processes and acceptance of the status quo of the exclusive dominance of English as language of record. The argument is limited to record-keeping and starts off by setting a framework for the protection of the right to a language and its linkage to the right to understand. The discussion is reinforced by case law relating to the use of indigenous languages and the impact it would have on the consolidation of the preservation project.
A Comparative Study Using CFD to Predict Iced Airfoil Aerodynamics

WIND, Fluent, and PowerFLOW were used to predict the lift, drag, and moment coefficients of a business-jet airfoil with a rime ice (rough and jagged, but no protruding horns) and with a glaze ice (rough and jagged end has two or more protruding horns) for angles of attack from zero to and after stall. The performance of the following turbulence models were examined by comparing predictions with available experimental data. Spalart-Allmaras (S-A), RNG k-epsilon, shear-stress transport, v(sup 2)-f, and a differential Reynolds stress model with and without non-equilibrium wall functions. For steady RANS simulations, WIND and FLUENT were found to give nearly identical results if the grid about the iced airfoil, the turbulence model, and the order of accuracy of the numerical schemes used are the same. The use of wall functions was found to be acceptable for the rime ice configuration and the flow conditions examined. For rime ice, the S-A model was found to predict accurately until near the stall angle. For glaze ice, the CFD predictions were much less satisfactory for all turbulence models and codes investigated because of the large separated region produced by the horns. For unsteady RANS, WIND and FLUENT did not provide better results. PowerFLOW, based on the Lattice Boltzmann method, gave excellent results for the lift coefficient at and near stall for the rime ice, where the flow is inherently unsteady.
Evaluation of Rapid Antigen Detection Test for Group A Streptococci Pharyngitis among Children in an Out-Patient Clinic in Malaysia

One of the most common conditions encountered in the out-patient setting is acute pharyngitis. Group A Streptococcus (GAS) accounts for 15%-30% of cases of sore throat particularly in children under 15 years old. Rapid antigen testing (RADT) is an alternative diagnostic method to detect GAS pharyngitis. This study was done to evaluate the agreement between RADT whereby BIONEXIA® Strep A Plus (BioMérieux, France) kit was used and throat culture in the diagnosis of GAS pharyngitis in children presented with a sore throat. One hundred and ten children from a primary health care clinic with sore throat were included in this study. All children were evaluated based on McIsaac scoring and throat swab samples were taken for both throat culture and RADT testing. The prevalence of GAS pharyngitis by RADT in this study was 7.3% over one year. A higher incidence of GAS pharyngitis was noted in the school-aged children than the preschool-age children. There was no correlation between cough, lymph node enlargement, and tonsillar enlargement in predicting GAS pharyngitis. The sensitivity and specificity of RADT were 100% and 98%, respectively, when taking throat culture as a gold standard. A good agreement between RADT and throat culture was achieved (k=0.848). McIsaac scoring was noted to have good predictability for GAS pharyngitis with AUC=0.82. In conclusion, the rapid streptococcal antigen detection test showed excellent sensitivity and specificity and detecting GAS from the throat swab samples. Thus, it can be used to aid in the diagnosis of group A Streptococcal pharyngitis and could reduce the overuse of antibiotics. McIsaac score has also proven to be useful as a screening tool for bacterial pharyngitis.