Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robust Control of Aircraft Lateral Movement

The paper deals with robust output feedback continuous control design for time-continuous linear plants under parametric uncertainties and external bounded disturbance. A parallel reference model (auxiliary loop) to the plant is used for obtaining the uncertainties acting on the plant. The proposed algorithm tracks the output of the plant to the reference output with the required accuracy. We apply the algorithm to the control of lateral movement of an aircraft under parametric and external disturbances. We also compare the proposed algorithm with the H  control and speed-gradient algorithm. The simulation results illustrate the efficiency and robustness of the suggested control system.
Comparison of D Flip-Flops Using Variability and Delay Analysis for Sigma Delta ADC

Circuit with better robustness and minimum transistors is always preferred in a market to design a smart chip. Speed and variability of D flip-flop are required in sigma delta ADC to count the number of pulses after comparator. The paper aims to design single phase clocked feedback D flip-flop to achieve variability and delay by using minimum transistors. Instead of pass gate, the proposed circuit consists of feedback path isolation with inversion to lessen a number of transistors. It is compared with different kinds of D flip-flops that are used in sequential circuits. In this work, it is found that speed is better than Push pull isolation D flip-flop and robustness is quite good by minimum transistor. Circuit layout is built in Electric VLSI Cad Tool. Supply voltage of 0.9 V and 180nm technology is used.
Micropropagation and in vitro germplasm conservation of endangered Musa balbisiana 'Kluai Hin' (BBB group)

Multiple shoot formation of edible bananas ( Musa balbisiana , BBB group) ‘Kluai Hin’ was achieved through organogenesis in bud culture. Excised apical and lateral buds were cultured on a modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 22 μM BA and 15% (v/v) coconut water (CW). For mass multiplication, the proliferated shoots were subcultured to MS media containing several concentrations of BA and TDZ. The highest shoot numbers was 21.2 shoots per explant when subcultured to MS medium supplemented with 44 μM BA. Shoot produced roots within 7 days on MS basal medium without plant growth regulator. Microshoots of ‘Kluai Hin’ were stored in 4 different conditions and on three types of carbon sources (including, sucrose, glucose and sorbitol) at the concentrations of 1, 3 or 5%. Results revealed that sucrose was the suitable carbon source for storing microshoots of ‘Kluai Hin’ at 25°C under a 16 h photoperiod for 6 months. Alginate encapsulation of microshoots for conservation of ‘Kluai Hin’ was established as well. Microshoots excised from multiple shoot cultures were encapsulated in 3% sodium alginate prepared in MS medium and complexed with 50 mM calcium chloride. Maximum conversion frequency of 73% was noted from encapsulated microshoots cultured on MS medium supplemented with 22 μM BA. Plantlets developed from encapsulation were successfully transferred to field conditions and all the resultant plants were shown to be morphologically normal. Key words : Encapsulation‘Kluai Hin’, micropropagation, Musa balbisiana , slow growth.
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in water, sediment and periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus var radula) from the Elechi Creek, Niger Delta

The accumulation of three heavy metals; chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus var radula; shell and soft tissues), water and sediment collected from four stations along Elechi Creek course was studied. Elechi Creek receives effluents discharges from heavily industrialized and highly populated settlements. The water, sediment and periwinkles were processed and analyzed for heavy metals and the results showed that the sediment concentrated more heavy metals than the water while the periwinkles accumulated more of these metals than the sediment. Cr was the highest concentrated heavy metals in both the normal and depurated periwinkles. The biological concentration factor (BCF) revealed that these periwinkles have high potential to concentrate heavy metals in their shells and soft tissues, and it is directly proportionate to their sizes. However, the observed heavy metals concentrations in these animals are below the recommended limits for human consumption. This study therefore advocates environmental surveillance of this creek in order to achieve good sediment quality and contaminant-free periwinkles for safe human health.
Optimal control of lake pH for mercury bioaccumulation control

Mercury is recognized internationally as an important pollutant since mercury and its compounds are persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic, and pose human and ecosystem risks. A critical aspect of mercury cycling is its bioaccumulation, mainly as methylmercury, along the aquatic food web resulting in high risk of human exposure through contaminated fish consumption. Since lake acidity (pH) and mercury methylation are correlated, control of lake pH through lake liming is a possible option to mitigate mercury bioaccumulation. This work proposes to use optimal control theory to derive time-dependent lake liming strategies for a tighter control of lake pH. Since the behavior of the freshwater ecosystems such as lakes is often associated with considerable uncertainties, a robust and realistic analysis should incorporate such uncertainties. This work models the time-dependent uncertain variations in the basic lake pH value and derives the liming profiles in the presence of such seasonal pH fluctuations. Established techniques from real options theory are employed for modeling the uncertainty as a stochastic process, and stochastic optimal control is used for deriving liming profiles. The approach is critically evaluated through applications to various case study lakes. Considering the substantial costs associated with liming operations, the work formulates a multi-objective problem highlighting the tradeoff between accurate pH control and liming cost. The results of the control problem solution are also compared with heuristics based liming. The results, while highlighting the success of using time-dependent liming, put forth certain interesting aspects that might be helpful to a decision maker. The analysis is expected to make liming operation more reliable, thereby presenting one more tool to manage the harmful effects of mercury pollution. © 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V.
An Evaluation of Students’ Attitude towards Entrepreneurship Education in some Selected Universities in North East Nigeria

The aim of this study is to examine the cognitive, affective, and behavioural components of students’ attitude and to examine the overall attitude of students towards Entrepreneurship education in Nigerian universities. The respondents were students from five selected universities in north eastern Nigeria. Purposive sampling was used in selection of the universities, while simple random sampling was employed in selection of the respondents. The instrument used was structured questionnaire based on Likert scales ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree on four points. Four hundred questionnaires were distributed, but only three hundred and seventy five were successfully retrieved and analysed. SPSS version 16 was used in the analysis of the data. The study falls within the domain of descriptive study. The results indicated that the students cognitive component of attitude is rated at 84.31%, affective at 83.34%, while behavioural component at 78.72%. The overall attitude is at 82.12%.
Anatomic variations of the extrathoracic course of the intercostobrachial nerve and its clinical significance

Background: The intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) can present anatomic alterations in its course, but in general it originates as a lateral branch of the second intercostal nerve and penetrates the axilla, in the mid axillary line. Its communication with brachial plexus (BP) is of clinical importance. Neurotization and nerve grafting procedures have renewed interest in the communications of peripheral nerves, like that of between BP and ICBN. Aims and Objective: The current study was conducted with an aim to observe the variation in the origin of extra thoracic course of the ICBN and its connection with the components of BP.Materials and Methods: One hundred thirty hemi-thoraxes of 65 adult cadavers (35male & 30 female) of Indian origin were dissected. After removal of the skin and superficial fascia, the ICBN was identified from its origin. The point of emergence from the intercostal space and its communication with BP was noted and photographed.Results: Extrathoracically, ICBN originated from the 2nd intercostals space in 100% specimens. Additionally ICBN originated from the 1st intercostals space in 3.8% specimens, from 3rd intercostals space in 20.7% cases. The ICBN communicated more frequently with medial cutaneous nerve of the arm (MCN) in 63% cases and with other BP branches in 44.6% cases.Conclusion: In the present study we observed ICBN and BP are coherently linked anatomically. The anatomical knowledge of ICBN origin and its variable communication with BP branchesis significant in the event of surgical treatment of breast cancers, lymph node clearance, anaesthetic nerve blocks and traction injuries to the brachial plexus.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(5) 2018 77-80
Estimation et reconstruction des signaux courts multicomposantes modulées non-linéairement à la fois en amplitude et en fréquence

In this paper, we consider nonstationary signals with nonli ear amplitude and frequency modulation on short time-wind ows. Motivated by published works [3, 4], where we obtain high per formances for monocomponent signals, we propose to extend t he approach to multicomponent signals. Both the instantaneous amplitude and frequency were modeled by polynomial functions. The max i ization of the likelihood function was achieved using a stochastic optimi zation technique: the Simulated Annealing. We compare two d ifferent strategies. In the first one, we simultaneously estimate all model paramete rs. This is a highly computational strategy. The second one c sists in iteratively recontructing the signal component by component. At each it erat on, the parameters of only one component are estimated . Monte Carlo simulations are presented and compared to the appropriate C r mer-Rao Bounds. It proves the efficiency of the algorithm. Moreover it underscores the performance to estimate crossing frequency trajectori es which is a great challenge related to the low sample number .
Heat storage in forest biomass during stable conditions

Heat storage in forest biomass significantly improves energy balance closure particularly during stable conditions A. Lindroth, M. Mölder, and F. Lagergren Lund University, Geobiosphere Science Centre, Physical Geography and Ecosystems Analysis, Sölvegatan 12, 22362 Lund, Sweden Received: 29 June 2009 – Accepted: 13 July 2009 – Published: 31 August 2009 Correspondence to: A. Lindroth (anders.lindroth@nateko.lu.se) Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.
Any Correlation between Sex Appeal Marketing with Individual's Temperaments and Cultural Orientations?

Abstract: Generally, Sex Appeal Marketing is very common in the fragrance industry, especially in western countries and this study attempts to to investigate the impact of shopper typologies towards Sex Appeal Marketing among postgraduate students in Malaysia. Shopper typologies in this study were referring to Respondents’ temperament types (Guardian, Artisan, Idealist and Rational) and their cultural preferences (Individualism and Collectivism). Besides personality and Cultural Orientation of respondents and demographic factor were asked and analyzed. Results showed that there were significant differences of sex appeal perception by temperaments and cultural orientations. The conclusion, implication, and limitation of this study were also discussed. 1.0 Introduction of The Study In recent times, Fragrance is an important part of consumers’ needs, especially in modern and developing societies. Wolfe in his paper had explained that fragrance has different meaning in different cultures:- France: Seduction, Germany: Genuineness, Italy: Artistic, Japan: Harmony, Spain: Intimacy, U.K.: Complicity, US: Recognition (Mason, 2004), therefore the marketing strategies should be localized and related to the collective minds of that region. Previous studies about Sex Appeal Perception (hereafter, SAP) revealed that males expressed more positive sexual attitude, rather than females (Sengupta and Dahl, Gender-related reactions to gratuitous sex appeals in advertising, 2007). In another study, the younger generation had more positive attitudes towards SAP compared to the older generation, they were more open to and in favor of SAP (Ho, 2011) Here, university students as the population of the research are considered as young population and they are categorized under Generation X. Another factor which the Researcher found is that marital status is a demographic variable that is dependent on SAP; single ladies are highly interested in SAP materials rather than married ones (Morris, 2006). The researcher is inclined to believe that religion is the only demographic variable that showed significant correlation with the brand recall that used SAP whereas gender, marital status and age did not show a significant relationship (Frederick, 1981).
How big is an outbreak likely to be? Methods for epidemic final-size calculation

Epidemic models have become a routinely used tool to inform policy on infectious disease. A particular interest at the moment is the use of computationally intensive inference to parametrize these models. In this context, numerical efficiency is critically important. We consider methods for evaluating the probability mass function of the total number of infections over the course of a stochastic epidemic, with a focus on homogeneous finite populations, but also considering heterogeneous and large populations. Relevant methods are reviewed critically, with existing and novel extensions also presented. We provide code in Matlab and a systematic comparison of numerical efficiency.
Viable Arcuate Double-sided Magnetic Gear for Competitive Torque Density Transmission Capability

Magnetic gears (MGs) offer significant potential advantages relative to conventional mechanical gears, such as: no contact, no friction, no lubrication, inherent overload protection and free from noise and vibration. Despite of these superior features they have received little attention due to complexity of operation and relatively low torque density transmission. This paper introduces a new magnetic gear topology with a highly competitive torque density transmission capability. This configuration is inspired of combination of the traditional radial and axial flux MGs. The assurance of accuracy based on a basic design of axial flux magnetic gear dimensions leading to Proof-of-Concept “Arcuate Double-Sided MG”. The Proof-of-Concept seeks to provide a better solution to the problems of flux maldistribution and concentration compared to what has been proposed previously. Thus, torque density performance of this MG is intensively augmented. The cogging torque is also computed in further simulations. However, the above requires advanced numerical techniques and hence 3-Dimensional simulations for calculating localized flux density and the corresponding torque density. Completion of this development will mark an important milestone in magnetic gear technology, and significant performance improvement will be realized.
Compact Rare-Earth Superconducting Cyclotron

The use of superconductivity is well-known as a method to increase the average field of a cyclotron and thereby to allow a substantial reduction of its size and mass. We present a compact high-field design for the first superconducting cyclotron with rare-earth (holmium) poles. Our design supports stable acceleration of protons to Ek = 70 MeV with no significant limit in beam current, suitable for wide applications in ocular therapy, isotope production, radiobiological studies and nuclear physics.
Procedure for selecting GCM datasets for climate risk assessment

General Circulation Models (GCMs) are indispensable tools to project future climate. It is not realistic or necessary to use all GCM datasets when assessing climate risks and building adaptive capacity. Thus, a rational procedure for selecting GCM datasets is needed. It is also required to classify weather stations into climate zones and then suggest a suitable list of GCM datasets to avoid weather stations with similar climate patterns but using different GCM datasets. The purpose of this study is to establish a process for selecting GCM datasets for a region. The process consists of climate zonation, applicability ranking, and a model similarity check. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis are used to classify regional weather stations into climate zones. The weighted average ranking (WAR) method and demerit point system (DPS) are then used to rank the GCM performance using CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) datasets. The GCM family tree is then applied to screen out highly similar GCMs before generating a GCM suggestion list. Taiwan is chosen as the study area for this investigation. Taiwan receives monthly mean precipitation data from 25 weather stations. The weather stations were clustered into ten climate zones with different GCM datasets suggested for each zone. The top five GCM datasets suggested for Taiwan by the WAR method are HadGEM2-AO, CESM1-CAM5, CCSM4, MIROC5, and GISS-E2-R while those suggested by the DPS method are CSIRO-Mk3-6-0, HadGEM2-AO, CESM1-CAM5, MIROC5, and CCSM4. The GCM selection process presented in this study is applicable to other regions to assist users in finding GCM datasets suitable for their research. Article history: Received 18 November 2015
Evaluation of Processed Corncob and Paulownia tomentosa as Substrate Components in Horticulture Crop Production

ii Acknowledgments v List of Tables vii Chapter I. Literature Review 1 Chapter II. Processed Corncob as an Alternative to Perlite in the Production of Greenhouse Grown Annuals 18 Chapter III. Effects of Fertilizer Rate on Production of Petunia ×hybrida in Corncob Amended Substrates 37 Chapter IV. Processed Corncob as an Alternative to Perlite in the Production of Container Grown Perennials 52 Chapter V. Milled Paulownia tomentosa as a Substrate Component in Annual Plant Production 63 Chapter VI. Final Discussion 79 Appendix A: Analysis of Corncob 83
Widespread occurrence of Tomato ring spot virus in deciduous fruit trees in Iran.

Despite a long tradition of fruit-tree growing in all provinces of Iran, information on tree viruses in this country is scant. In the present study, presence of Tomato ring spot virus (ToRSV) was surveyed in various woody plants in this country by mechanical inoculation to herbaceous hosts, ELISA using a commercial antiserum, and PCR with specific primers. ToRSV was identified in the following plant-symptom combinations: Walnut with mottling, deformation, necrosis, and yellowing of main veins from Tehran Province; plum with yellowing of main veins, peach with yellowing of major veins and marginal necrosis, and hazelnut with interveinal chlorosis and marginal necrosis from Ardabil Province; apple with yellowing of main veins, mosaic and necrotic lesions, quince with large necrotic spots, and almond with leaf deformation and rosetting from Khorasan Province; and raspberry with marginal necrosis of leaf and necrotic lesions from Mazandaran Province. Mechanical inoculation from walnut, plum, peach, hazelnut, apple, quince, almond, and raspberry to Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun resulted in systemic infection. The virus isolates induced local lesions, leaf deformation, and necrosis in N. rustica , chlorotic local lesions on Chenopodium quinoa , and large local lesions on Gomphrena globosa . All samples were ELISA positive. PCR with specific primers resulted in the amplification of the expected fragment (490 bp). This study shows extensive occurrence of ToRSV in Iran. Keywords : Tomato ringspot virus , fruit tree viruses, Iran
Constraining new coloured matter from the ratio of 3- to 2-jets cross sections at the LHC

The Large Hadron Collider experiments are probing the evolution of the strong coupling $\alpha_s$ up to the TeV scale. We show how the ratio of 3- to 2-jets cross sections is affected by the presence of new physics and argue that it can be used to place a model-independent bound on new particles carrying QCD color charge. The current data potentially constrains such states to be heavier than a few hundred GeVs.
The role of Innovation Hubs taking start-ups from idea to business

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the start-up scene in sub-Saharan Africa. "Silicon Savannah" is today widely used to describe the thriving IT industry in and around Nairobi. Kenya's geographical advantage, its favorable economic reforms, and mature start-up ecosystem makes it stands out positively. Since a lot of hype exists around the start-up scene many investors are drawn to it, but in reality very few start-ups are investment-ready. The increasing start-up requirements and needs force incubators to diversify their offer. In contrast, to traditional incubators, an Innovation Hub (Hub) is characterized based on the concept of open innovation and collaboration. A Hub nurtures an enabling environment where a community of entrepreneurs can grow. At the same time, it serves as a nexus point for the local start-up community, investors, academia, technology companies and the wider private sector. It aims to create a structure where people serendipitously interact with others that they would not typically meet. Considering the great interest for and the large amounts of money invested in Hubs by governments, universities, private companies and other interested parties, not only researchers have been raising the question of the actual benefit of Hubs. This research study aims to investigate to what extent the support offered by the Hubs is tackling the challenges faced by start-ups in Nairobi, Kenya. The analysis can serve as a basis for identifying strength and weaknesses in the Hub models.
Local pinching estimates in 3-dim Ricci flow

We study curvature pinching estimates of Ricci flow on complete 3- dimensional manifolds without bounded curvature assumption. We will derive some general curvature conditions which are preserved on any complete solution of 3-dim Ricci flow, these conditions include nonnegative Ricci curvature and sectional curvature as special cases. A local version of Hamilton-Ivey estimates is also obtained.
What Methods Software Teams Prefer When Testing Web Accessibility

Accessibility has become an important focus in software development; the goal is to allow as many people as possible, regardless of their capabilities, to use software. We have investigated the methods that software teams prefer when testing the accessibility of their software. We conducted a large-scale study to evaluate six methods, using a sample of 53 people who work on various software teams. We present a detailed breakdown of the results for each testing method and analyze the differences between the methods. Our findings show that there are statistically significant differences in team members’ preferences, particularly for those with different roles. This implies that a software team should not choose a single method for all team members.