Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Complete Penetration Magnetic Field of a HTS Pellet From the Measurements of the Magnetic Field at Its Top-Center Surface

In previous papers, a new method to characterize HTS pellets has been presented. This method is based on the measurement of their complete penetration magnetic flux density <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$B_{P}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. It allows determining the critical current density <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$J_{C}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and the <italic>n</italic>-value of the classical power law model. In this paper, a method of determination of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$B_{P}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> of a unique HTS pellet from the measurements of the magnetic field at its top-center surface is presented. This is a simpler and cheaper method than previous methods. It uses analytical calculation based on the Biot and Savard law and numerical calculation based on power law. The maximum magnetic flux density produced by the SC pellet <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$B_{\rm{ZSCM}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> is deduced from the measurement. <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$B_{P}$</tex-math></inline-formula> is deduced from <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$B_{\rm{ZSCM}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> multiplying it by a coefficient analytically calculated. The influence of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$J_{C}(B)$</tex-math> </inline-formula> on this method is presented and analyzed.
Soft frequency reuse based interference minimization technique for long term evolution-advanced heterogeneous networks

The network capacity can be improved by using heterogeneous networks (HetNet) based on the long term evolution-advanced (LTE-A) standard. In general, HetNet comprises a blend of high power macro cells and low power nodes such as pico cells. The main aim of deploying small cells is to offload traffic from macro cells, to improve coverage in indoor areas and to increase the performance of users at the cell edge. Although there is a improvement in performance of the network, introduction of small cells lead to technical challenges like interference. The necessity of interference management is discussed in this work. A soft frequency reuse mechanism, which allocates resources in frequency domain is utilized in this work, which mitigates the interference significantly.
Integrating Streaming Computations for Efficient Execution on Novel Multicore Architectures

Streaming has emerged as an important model in present—day applications, ranging from multimedia to scientific computing. Moreover, the emergence of new multicore architectures has resulted with new challenges in efficient utilization of available computational resources. Streaming model offers the portability and scalability of performance with the increasing number of cores. In this paper we propose a tool which enables the implementation of the compute—intensive stream processing kernels as portable modules in general—purpose applications. Resulting modules can be efficiently reused with high degree of scalability in regard to increasing number of processing cores.
An efficient control algorithm based DSTATCOM for power conditioning

This paper presents the modelling and implementation of a three-phase DSTATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator) using an efficient control algorithm for power conditioning. This is one of an effective way for harmonic suppression, load balancing and reactive power compensation at distorted PCC (Point of Common Coupling) voltages under nonlinear loads. It is hoped at providing a broad perspective on the status of DSTATCOM control methods to researchers and application engineers dealing with harmonic cancellation issues. The proposed scheme consists of a zigzag transformer, double tuned filter, rectifiers, voltage source converter of the DSTATCOM. A fuzzy logic controller & traditional PI controller are used to control the neutral current & dc link voltage under both balanced & unbalanced loading conditions. Simulation studies are showing the better performance of three-phase DSTATCOM using MATLAB SIMULINK & power system toolboxes.
Are Emily and Greg More Employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination

We perform a field experiment to measure racial discrimination in the labor market. We respond with fictitious resumes to help-wanted ads in Boston and Chicago newspapers. To manipulate perception of race, each resume is randomly assigned either a very African American sounding name or a very White sounding name. The results show significant discrimination against African-American names: White names receive 50 percent more callbacks for interviews. We also find that race affects the benefits of a better resume. For White names, a higher quality resume elicits 30 percent more callbacks whereas for African Americans, it elicits a far smaller increase. Applicants living in better neighborhoods receive more callbacks but, interestingly, this effect does not differ by race. The amount of discrimination is uniform across occupations and industries. Federal contractors and employers who list Equal Opportunity Employer in their ad discriminate as much as other employers. We find little evidence that our results are driven by employers inferring something other than race, such as social class, from the names. These results suggest that racial discrimination is still a prominent feature of the labor market.
Computer Aided Process Planning Approach for Cost Reduction and Increase in Throughput

The use of effective software in Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP) can contribute significantly towards cost reduction and improvement in production rate. The most important elements of CAPP are the ability to effectively evaluate various machining process sequences and the utilization of the most appropriate machining parameters including machines, tools and tool grades and tool angles, cutting fluids, cutting conditions, cutting speed, and feeds. The evaluation can be done effectively utilizing MPSEL and VISUAL MACH, software that are based on expert systems and cost computing algorithms. MPSEL is an expert system based software tool that inferences based on backward chaining rules. VISUAL MACH is spreadsheet based software that accurately estimates production cost and production rate based on specific machining operational parameters and product design attributes. For the case studies illustrating the use of the software, a specific manufacturing process based infrastructure will be assumed with a repository of specific case studies will be discussed illustrating the use of the software to enable significant cost reductions and production rate increases for product designs. The sensitivity of production cost and production rate with respect to varying product, process, and system level parameters will be explored and conclusions derived. The results showed that process plan one has the main effect on cost reduction and increasing production rate (with cost saving 47.413%). Then, the process plan three has the second rank (with cost saving 38.834%). And finally the process plan two (with cost saving 30.26%)
An Efficient PageRank Approach for Urban Traffic Optimization

The cities are not static environments. They change constantly. When we talk about traffic in the city, the evolution of traffic lights is a journey from mindless automation to increasingly intelligent, fluid traffic management. In our approach, presented in this paper, reinforcement-learning mechanism based on cost function is introduced to determine optimal decisions for each traffic light, based on the solution given by Larry Page for page ranking in Web environment (Page et al. (1999)). Our approach is similar with work presented by Sheng-Chung et al. (2009) and Yousef et al. (2010). We consider that the traffic lights are controlled by servers and a score for each road is computed based on efficient PageRank approach and is used in cost function to determine optimal decisions. We demonstrate that the cumulative contribution of each car in the traffic respects the main constrain of PageRank approach, preserving all the properties of 𝑀 matrix consider in our model.
Estimating the Variance 1 Running head : ESTIMATING THE VARIANCE Estimating the Variance in Before-After Studies

Problem: To simplify the computation of the variance in before-after studies, it is generally assumed that the observed crash data for each entity (or observation) are Poisson distributed. Given the characteristics of this distribution, the observed value ( i x ) for each entity is implicitly made equal to its variance. However, the variance should be estimated using the conditional properties of this observed value (defined as a random variable), i.e. ( ) | i i f x μ , since the mean of the observed value is in fact unknown. Method: parametric and non-parametric bootstrap methods were investigated to evaluate the conditional assumption using simulated and observed data. Results: The results of this study show that observed data should not be used as a substitute for the variance, even if the entities are assumed to be Poisson distributed. Consequently, the estimated variance for the parameters under study in traditional before-after studies is likely to be underestimated. Conclusions: the proposed methods offer more accurate approaches for estimating the variance in before-after studies.
Diagnostic Significance of Ultrasonography in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Comparison with Electrodiagnostic Tests

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic sensitivity of ultrasonographical and electrophysiological parameters in carpal tunnel syndrome, and investigate their association with clinical symptoms and data. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 wrists of 54 patients clinically pre-diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome and 45 wrists of 25 healthy individuals were evaluated in this present study. Both groups underwent electroneuromyographical and ultrasonographical investigation. Scores were established in the patient group by utilizing symptom severity and functional status scales. Results: No significant correlation was established between the duration of the symptoms and electrophysiological and ultrasonographical parameters. Of the 100 symptomatic wrists, 80 wrists had pathology in at least one electrophysiological parameter indicating carpal tunnel syndrome. Ultrasonographical examination revealed that the median nerve cross-sectional area was above the normal range in 19% of the patients at the radioulnar level, in 33% of the patients at the pisiform level and in 18% of the patients at the hamate hook level. No significant correlation was observed between electrophysiological and ultrasonographical parameters in general. Conclusion: The data obtained in this study indicated that the diagnostic sensitivity of ultrasonographical parameters was considerably lower than that of the electrophysiological parameters in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Turk J Phys Med Rehab 2009;55:13-8.
Drag on a permeable sphere placed in a micropolar fluid with non-zero boundary condition for microrotations

This paper concerns an analytical study of an infinite expanse of uniform flow of steady axisymmetric creeping flow of an incompressible micropolar fluid around the permeable sphere assuming a nonhomogeneous boundary condition for microrotation vector. It is assumed that microrotation vector is proportional to the rotation rate of velocity vector. The stream function solutions for the flow fields are obtained in the terms of modified Bessel’s functions and Gegenbauer functions. Continuity of normal velocity, no-slip condition, non-zero microrotation vector on the sphere, uniform velocity at infinity are the different boundary conditions used to determine the flow fields explicitly. The microrotation component, pressure field, bounds of permeability parameter and drag force experienced by the permeable sphere are calculated. Dependence of the drag force on different fluid parameters is presented graphically and discussed. It is found that drag force decreases with increasing spin parameter. Several cases of interest are deduced from the present analysis.
deformation histories The Kumaun and Garwhal Lesser Himalaya , India : Part 2 . Thermal and

An integrated petrologic, thermochronologic, and numerical modeling study constrains the thermal evolution of the Lesser Himalayan Sequence in the Kumaun and Garwhal regions of India. South of the Tons thrust, peak metamorphic temperatures do not exceed 330 °C. On the northern side, a transition toward higher temperatures adjacent to the Main Central thrust hanging wall is documented. In the immediate footwall of the Main Central thrust, peak temperatures average ~550 °C. An inverted thermal fi eld gradient of ~30 °C/km beneath the Vaikrita thrust is calculated. An inverted thermal fi eld gradient of ~20 °C/km is also documented beneath a klippe of the Main Central thrust hanging wall ~25 km south of the Vaikrita thrust, and a peak footwall temperature of 530 °C is recorded close to the shear zone at the base of the klippe. The mechanism for thermal metamorphism in the Lesser Himalayan Sequence is interpreted to be conduction of heat from the Main Central thrust fault and/or hanging wall to the footwall. A localized thermal fi eld gradient is also associated with the Tons thrust. The 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology reveals that the exposed rock in the Kumaun and Garwhal Lesser Hima laya underwent cooling below the closure temperature (Tc) for white mica at different times in the late Tertiary. The proximal footwall of the Munsiari thrust experienced cooling below the white mica Tc at ca. 8.5 Ma. South of the Munsiari thrust, in the proximal footwalls of the Chaukori and Askot klippen , muscovites ages are ca. 11.5 Ma, ~3 Ma older than samples to the north. The age differences in samples from northern and southern exposures are interpreted to document cooling related to thermal relaxation following passage of the Main Central thrust hanging wall atop the Lesser Himalayan Sequence. Results of thermal modeling achieve good fi ts to the data when scenarios involve an early Miocene phase of overthrusting of a hot hanging wall over a downgoing footwall, followed by the initiation of a duplex within Lesser Himalayan Sequence rocks.
Single- and Double-Sided Marchenko Imaging Conditions in Acoustic Media

In acoustic reflector imaging, we deploy sources and receivers outside a volume to collect a multisource, multioffset reflection response in order to retrieve the internal reflectivity of that volume. It has been shown that Green's functions inside the volume can be retrieved by single-sided wavefield focusing of the acquired reflection data, using so-called focusing functions, which can be computed by solving a multidimensional Marchenko equation. Besides the reflection data, this methodology requires a background model of the propagation velocity. We present several imaging conditions to retrieve the internal reflectivity of an acoustic medium with correct amplitudes and without artifacts, using the Green's functions and focusing functions that are derived from the Marchenko equation. We distinguish three types of imaging: 1) imaging by deconvolution, 2) imaging by double focusing, and 3) imaging by cross correlation. In all cases, reflectors can be approached either from above or from below. Imaging by deconvolution or double focusing requires single-sided illumination (meaning that sources and receivers are deployed at a single boundary above the volume only), whereas imaging by cross correlation requires double-sided illumination (meaning that sources and receivers are placed at two boundaries enclosing the volume). In order to achieve double-sided illumination, the required reflection response at the lower boundary can either be physically recorded or it can be retrieved from the reflection response at the upper boundary. When imaging by deconvolution or double focusing, the internal reflectivity is retrieved solely from primary reflections. When imaging by cross correlation, multiple reflections are focused at the image points, such that they contribute physically to the retrieved reflectivity values. This special feature can be beneficial for imaging weakly illuminated sections of strongly heterogeneous media.
A project in embedded systems design and development: a partnership with area high school scholars

The project described in this paper is on a partnership program between Southern Polytechnic State University (SPSU), Kennesaw Mountain High (KMH) School, and South Cobb High (SCH) School, all in Cobb County, Georgia. The project is driven by an overarching goal of establishing a community-based partnership, which focuses on an integration of education, research, and training in the design and development of embedded systems. The motivation for the project stems from the plausibility of 1) extending embedded system research/knowledge to high school (K-12) students and 2) enhancing their interests and opportunities in the field. The project involves several high school students and computer science and computer engineering technology undergraduates and graduates. The college students serve as role models, working side-by-side with the high-school students. The students are trained in the design and development of hardware/software systems for embedded applications. The project, dubbed as a Community-based Partnership for Integrated Research and Education (COPIRE), is housed in the COPIRE research laboratory at SPSU.
Two-Dimensional Principal Component Analysis with Local Direction Descriptor

This paper proposes a novel approach using two-dimensional principal component analysis (2D-PCA) and local direction descriptor for face recognition. The proposed method utilizes the transformed image obtained from local direction descriptor as the direct input image of 2D-PCA algorithms. The performance comparison was performed using principal component analysis (PCA) and Gabor-wavelets based on local binary pattern (LBP). The extended Yale B face database was accompanied for performance evaluation of proposed method. From the experimental result, we confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method under varying lighting conditions.
Single-Word Speech Intelligibility in Children and Adults With Down Syndrome.

Purpose A single-word identification test was used to study speech production in children and adults with Down syndrome (DS) to determine the developmental pattern of speech intelligibility with an emphasis on vowels. Method Speech recordings were collected from 62 participants with DS aged 4-40 years and 25 typically developing participants aged 4-7 years. Panels of 5 adult lay listeners transcribed the speech recordings orthographically, and their responses were scored in comparison with the speakers' target words. Results Speech intelligibility in persons with DS improved with age, especially between the ages of 4 and 16 years. Whereas consonants contribute to intelligibility, vowels also played an important role in reduced intelligibility with an apparent developmental difference in low versus high vowels, where the vowels /æ/ and/ɑ/ developed at a later age than /i/ and /u/. Interspeaker variability was large, with male individuals being generally less intelligible than female individuals and some adult men having very low intelligibility. Conclusion Results show age-related patterns in speech intelligibility in persons with DS and identify the contribution of dimensions of vowel production to intelligibility. The methods used clarify the phonetic basis of reduced intelligibility, with implications for assessment and treatment.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF LAMIVUDINE AND ZIDOVUDINE IN BULK

Objective: The scope of the present work is to expand and optimization of the chromatographic conditions and to develop RP-HPLC method. Methods: The method was performed with various columns like C18 column, kromasil column, Hypersil BDS column. Among them, Symmetry C18 (250x4.6 mm, 5um) was found to be ideal as it gave good peak shape at 0.8 ml/min flow and validated for various parameters such as linearity, precision, accuracy, System suitability, Specificity, % Assay, Robustness, etc. Results: The system suitability parameters were evaluated from standard chromatograms by calculating the % RSD from five replicate injections for Lamivudine and Zidovudine retention times and peak areas. The % RSD for the retention times of principal peak from 5 replicate injections of each standard solution were less than 2.0 %. The Linearity and correlation coefficient of Lamivudine and zidovudine was found to be 0.999. Precision was performed and % RSD for Lamivudine and Zidovudine were found to be less than 2.0. The % Recovery for each level was found to be the range of 98.0 to 102%. In Robustness, the % RSD of the peak area of all peaks for five replicate injections should be not more than 2.0. Conclusion: Hence, the chromatographic method developed for Lamivudine and Zidovudine is said to be rapid, simple, specific, sensitive, precise, accurate and reliable that can be effectively applied for routine analysis in research institutions, quality control department in industries, approved testing laboratories, bio-pharmaceutics and bio-equivalence studies and in clinical pharmacokinetic studies. Keywords: Lamivudine, Zidovudine, Optimization, Method Validation, RP-HPLC.
ssociation between breast cancer subtypes and response to neoadjuvant nastrozole

Considerable heterogeneity exists amongst oestrogen receptor positive (ER+ve) breast cancer in both its molecular profile and response to therapy. Attempts to better define variation amongst breast tumours have led to the definition of four main “intrinsic” subtypes of breast cancer with two of these classes, Luminal A and B, composed almost entirely of ER+ve cancers. In this study we set out to investigate the significance of intrinsic subtypes within a group of ER+ve breast cancers treated with neoadjuvant anastrozole. RNA from tumour biopsies taken from 104 postmenopausal women before and after 2 weeks treatment with anastrozole was analyzed on Illumina 48K microarrays. Gene-expression based subtypes and risk of relapse (ROR) scores for tumours preand post-treatment were determined using the PAM50 method. Amongst pre-treatment samples, all intrinsic subtypes were found to be present, although luminal groups were represented most highly. Luminal A and B tumours obtained similar benefit from treatment, as measured by the proportional fall in the proliferation marker Ki67 upon treatment (mean suppression = 75.5% vs 75.7%). Tumours classified as basal and Her2-like showed poor reductions in Ki67 upon treatment. Residual Ki67 staining after two weeks remained higher in the Luminal B group. ROR score was significantly associated with anti-proliferative response to AI and with clinical response. These results suggest that in the short-term, Luminal A and B tumours may gain similar benefit from an idual AI but that the higher res