Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rheological and dielectric changes during isothermal epoxy‐amine cure

Dynamic viscosity and ionic conductivity were measured simultaneously during the cure of a digylcidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy resin with diamino-diphenyl sulfone (DDS) by mounting a microdielectric sensor into the plates of a rheometer. Two different cure temperatures were examined. Periodically, throughout the cure, samples were removed from the plates of the rheometer, quenched, and analyzed for the glass transition temperature and epoxide conversion. The relationship between conductivity and viscosity appeared to be independent of cure temperature. A linear relation with a slope of −1 was observed between the natural logarithms of conductivity and viscosity during the cure up to approximately 85% cure conversion. It was hypothesized that the reaction rate was hindered by diffusion at this stage in the polymerization. A free volume relationship was used to successfully correlate conductivity with viscosity up to the diffusion limited region. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Natural Disaster, International Solidarity, and the Representation of Others. Lessons from Haiti

This essay revisits the case of the earthquake that shook Port-auPrince, Haiti –which took place in January 2010– to discuss the enduring, and often unaccounted for, colonial links between representation and contemporary humanitarian practices that are present in different ways in both North-South (in this case, between US and Haiti), and South-South relations (Brazil-Haiti). Unlike conventional approaches to natural disasters, which tend to focus their object of study in one particular place and time, I propose an approach that instead engages multiple spaces, temporalities, and agencies. In the context of this critical approach, I invite us to reflect upon the following questions: what does international solidarity mean? How is solidarity shaped by the way we represent others? The result is a more complex lens which allows us to look at events that are likely to become more frequent and affect the socio-economically disadvantaged population in disproportional numbers in the near future due to the climate crisis.
A single-beam photothermal interferometer for in situ measurements of aerosol light absorption

Abstract. We have developed a novel single-beam photothermal interferometer and present here its application for the measurement of aerosol light absorption. The use of only a single laser beam allows for a compact optical set-up and significantly easier alignment compared to standard dual-beam photothermal interferometers, making it ideal for field measurements. Due to a unique configuration of the reference interferometer arm, light absorption by aerosols can be determined directly – even in the presence of light-absorbing gases. The instrument can be calibrated directly with light-absorbing gases, such as NO2, and can be used to calibrate other light absorption instruments. The detection limits (1σ) for absorption for 10 and 60 s averaging times were determined to be 14.6 and 7.4 Mm−1, respectively, which for a mass absorption cross section of 10 m2 g−1 leads to equivalent black carbon concentration detection limits of 1460 and 740 ng m−3, respectively. The detection limit could be reduced further by improvements to the isolation of the instrument and the signal detection and processing schemes employed.
A microwave plasma torch and its applications

A portable microwave plasma torch at atmospheric pressure by making use of magnetrons operated at 2.45 GHz and used in a home microwave oven has been developed. This electrodeless torch can be used in various areas including commercial, environmental and military applications. For example, perfluorocompounds (PFCs), which have long lifetimes and serious global warming implications, are widely used during plasma etching and plasma-assisted chamber cleaning processes in chemical vapour deposition systems. The microwave torch effectively eliminates PFCs. Efficient decomposition of toluene gas indicates the effectiveness of volatile organic compound eliminations from industrial emission and the elimination of airborne chemical and biological warfare agents. The microwave torch has been used to synthesize carbon nanotubes in an on-line system, thereby providing the opportunity of mass production of the nanotubes. There are other applications of the microwave plasma torch.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Korean indigenous stag beetle, Dorcus koreanus

Abstract In this study, the mitogenome sequences of Korean indigenous stag beetle, Dorcus koreanus, was completely determined by next-generation sequencing analysis. The complete mitogenome of D. koreanus has 15,421 bp in length and consists of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, two rRNAs, and one control region. The gene orders and content were identical with previously recorded mitogenomes of Lucanidae species. Phylogenetic analysis based on mitogenome dataset, consisting PCGs was revealed the taxonomical position in the family Lucanidae.
Boron Removal from Metallurgical Silicon using Si-Al-Sn Ternary Alloy

Numerous studies have searched for methods of Si refining for the production of photovoltaic cells to alleviate the global shortage of solar-grade Si. An alloy refining progress with a Si–Al–Sn melt was developed in this paper. To elucidate the relationship between Sn and B, the interaction parameter between them at 1173 K was determined as 2506 ± 143. This result indicated the strongly repulsive force between Sn and B. Thermodynamic analysis and experiments showed that the purification efficiency of Si–Al–Sn alloy weakened with increased Sn content in the melt.
Effect of Pressure on the Crystallization of Crude Oil Waxes. I. Selection of Test Conditions by Microcalorimetry

Evaluations of the potential for formation of wax deposits in laboratories generally are performed on stabilized oil samples, that is, at atmospheric pressure and without the presence of light components. Therefore, the effects to two important factors that influence the solubility of waxes, namely light fractions and pressure, are not considered. As a consequence, the results may not reflect what really happens in production lines and equipment. The high-pressure microcalorimetry technique (HPμDSC) is indicated for determining the wax appearance temperature (WAT) and crystallization enthalpy of waxes in oils, but due to the complexity of petroleum systems, the reliability of the results depends on the experimental conditions chosen. This paper reports experiments to evaluate the factors that influence the accuracy of the experimental results for determining the WAT and crystallization enthalpy of samples of Brazilian crude oil and condensate, saturated with different types of gases, by using high pressur.
Systematic review and meta-analysis on bipolar versus monopolar transurethral resection of bladder tumors

Background Transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURB) is the initial and crucial step in the management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), having both diagnostic and therapeutic role. For many years, the gold standard for TURB was monopolar TURB (mTURB), however, it is associated with several complications related to its technical details. To overcome limitations of mTURB, TURB using bipolar technology (bTURB) has been developed. So far, making unequivocal statement about definitive advantage of bTURB over mTURB was difficult. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of bTURB with mTURB. Methods A systematic search was conducted independently by two authors on the 4 electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane Library, according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. Nine comparative prospective studies with randomization (8 RCTs and 1 post-hoc analysis of RCT) were eligible to be included in this meta-analysis Results After extraction, data were pooled to conduct the meta-analysis. The following outcomes were analysed: operation time, catheterization time, length of hospital stay, decrease in postoperative haemoglobin level, obturator nerve reflex rate, bladder perforation rate, transfusion rate, TUR syndrome rate, one year recurrence rate, failures of detrusor muscle detection. bTURB was associated with decreased operation and hospitalization time. There were no statistically significant differences between bTURB and mTURB in terms of catheterization time, decrease in haemoglobin level, postoperative complications rates, recurrence rates and pathologic outcomes. Conclusions This meta-analysis corroborates that bTURB shows significant advantage over mTURB in terms of operation and hospitalization time while other outcomes are comparable.
Efficacy of sucralfate ointment in the prevention of acute proctitis in cancer patients: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Background: Acute radiation proctitis (ARP) is a usual adverse effect in patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy. The symptoms include diarrhea, rectal blood or mucus discharge, fecal urgency and tenesmus with pain. Sucralfate, an aluminum-based salt of sucrose octasulfate, is a cytoprotective agent that forms a coating barrier at injured sites by adhering to mucoproteins. It has been used in topical management of a wide variety of local lesion. This study was designed to evaluate the preventive effect of rectal sucralfate on acute radiotherapy induced proctitis. Methods: Seven percent sucralfate ointment was prepared for topical use. Drug quantification, chemical stability and microbial limit tests were performed carefully. In this randomized double blind placebo controlled trial, fifty-seven patients with pelvic malignancies undergoing radiotherapy were allocated to receive either 1 g of sucralfate or 1 g of placebo, given as a twice daily ointment, one day before and during radiotherapy for six weeks. The eligible patients were evaluated based on RTOG acute toxicity criteria and the following ARP symptoms weekly: rectal hemorrhage, diarrhea, rectal pain, and fecal urgency. The influence of symptoms on lifestyle was also recorded weekly. Results: Acute proctitis was significantly less prevalent in patients in the sucralfate group. The incidence of rectal bleeding (P=0.003), diarrhea (P=0.002), rectal pain (P=<0.001) and fecal urgency (P=0.002) was significantly less common in the sucralfate group. No statistical significant difference was observed for radiotherapy induced cystitis in the placebo and sucralfate groups (P=0.27). Conclusion: This study suggests that sucralfate7% ointment reduces the incidence of symptoms associated with acute radiation proctitis.
Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the giant water bug Kirkaldyia deyrolli (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae).

Abstract Giant water bugs (genus Kirkaldyia and Lethocerus) are well known species from aquatic habitats throughout the world’s subtropical and tropical areas. Only one species of the Kirkaldyia deyrolli is distributed in Japan. K. deyrolli has been designated as second category rare species according Law for Conservation of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora in Japan, in 2019. We analyzed, for the first time, the complete mitochondrial genomes of the giant water bug K. deyrolli from Japan using next-generation sequencing. The mitochondrial genome was a circular and 15,579 bp molecule that included 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes, along with one AT-rich control region. The AT content value was 69.55%. The heavy strand was predicted to have nine PCGs and 15 tRNA genes, whereas the light strand was predicted to contain four PCGs, seven tRNA genes, and two rRNA genes. Start codons were variable for all PCGs: four ATA, three ATC, four ATG, two ATT genes as the start codon. Stop codons were of two types: TAA for 12 genes and TAG for one gene. Incomplete stop codon T was identified. The molecular phylogenetic relationship, inferred using 13 PCGs, was consistent with that reported in previous studies, which predicted a sister relationship to the genus Lethocerus.
The effect of deuteration on the multiphoton dissociation of benzene chromium tricarbonyl

We have measured one color multiphoton dissociation ionization (MPD/MPI) spectra for h6‐benzene chromium tricarbonyl (h6‐BCT) and d6‐benzene chromium tricarbonyl (d6‐BCT). These spectra reveal that the vibrational properties of the ligands determine the distribution of metal atom states formed by MPD of organometallic molecules. Pressure studies demonstrate that the observed effects manifest isolated molecule dynamics and that excited triplet states are probably not involved in those dynamics. Laser power dependence studies show that the observed branching between MPD production of ground state chromium atoms vs excited state atoms is a function of multiphoton excitation rate. It seems likely that photodissociation on potential surfaces corresponding to excited electronic states can occur before intramolecular energy redistribution is complete. Two mechanisms consistent with our results are suggested. One is very unique for MPD/MPI experiments in that ladder crossing based on dissociation is not the sourc.
SiO2 Atomic Layer Deposition Using Tris(dimethylamino)silane and Hydrogen Peroxide Studied by in Situ Transmission FTIR Spectroscopy

The atomic layer deposition (ALD) of silicon dioxide (SiO2) was initially explored using a variety of silicon precursors with H2O as the oxidant. The silicon precursors were (N,N-dimethylamino)trimethylsilane) (CH3)3SiN(CH3)2, vinyltrimethoxysilane CH2═CHSi(OCH3)3, trivinylmethoxysilane (CH2═CH)3SiOCH3, tetrakis(dimethylamino)silane Si(N(CH3)2)4, and tris(dimethylamino)silane (TDMAS) SiH(N(CH3)2)3. TDMAS was determined to be the most effective of these precursors. However, additional studies determined that SiH* surface species from TDMAS were difficult to remove using only H2O. Subsequent studies utilized TDMAS and H2O2 as the oxidant and explored SiO2 ALD in the temperature range of 150−550 °C. The exposures required for the TDMAS and H2O2 surface reactions to reach completion were monitored using in situ FTIR spectroscopy. The FTIR vibrational spectra following the TDMAS exposures showed a loss of absorbance for O−H stretching vibrations and a gain of absorbance for C−Hx and Si−H stretching vibrations.
Molecular Motions in the Supramolecular Complexes between Poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐Poly(ethylene oxide)‐Poly(ε‐caprolactone) and α‐ and γ‐Cyclodextrins

The structure and molecular motions of the triblock copolymer PCL-PEO-PCL and its inclusion complexes with α- and γ-cyclodextrins (α- and γ-CDs) have been studied by solid-state NMR. Different cross-polarization dynamics have been observed for the guest polymer and host CDs. Guest-host magnetization exchange has been observed by proton spin lattice relaxation T 1 , proton spin lattice frame relaxation T 1ρ and 2D heteronuclear correlation experiments. A homogeneous phase has been observed for these complexes. Conventional relaxation experiments and 2D wide-line separation NMR with windowless isotropic mixing have been used to measure the chain dynamics. The results show that for localized molecular motion in the megahertz regime, the included PCL block chains are much more mobile than the crystalline PCL blocks in the bulk triblock copolymer. However, the mobility of the included PEO block chains is not very different from the amorphous PEO blocks of the bulk sample. The cooperative, long chain motions in the midkilohertz regime for pairs of PCL-PEO-PCL chains in their γ-CD channels seem more restricted than for the single PCL-PEO-PCL chains in the α-CD channels, however, they are not influencing the more localized, higher frequency megahertz motions.
A method for evaluating multicanonical potential function without iterative refinement: Application to conformational sampling of a globular protein in water

Multicanonical molecular dynamics (MD) is a powerful technique for sampling conformations in rugged potential surfaces, and has been applied to various systems. However, because of the practical difficulty in the iterative refinement of the multicanonical potential function, Emc, a multicanonical MD has not yet been applied to a large system such as a globular protein in explicit solvent. We propose a method to evaluate Emc for a protein in water without the iterative refinement process. The method was applied to the system of a protein, chymotrypsin inhibitor 2 (Ci2), in explicit water, composed of 11 330 atoms. We successfully produced a flat energy distribution covering the energy range corresponding to temperatures from 290 to 400 K. A 10-ns trajectory of the multicanonical MD simulation revealed that Ci2 adopts three different conformations in the long loop (residues 54–63), whereas a 10-ns trajectory of the conventional canonical MD simulation found only one conformation near the initial structure.
In Situ IR Spectroscopic Investigation of Alumina ALD on Porous Silica Films: Thermal versus Plasma-Enhanced ALD

A novel in situ infrared (IR) approach is demonstrated for investigating and identifying ALD surface reactions during both the steady state and the initial growth regime. The unique combination of reflection–absorption IR spectroscopy in grazing incidence mode with a high surface area reflecting substrate allows for ALD process monitoring with an acceptable acquisition time and a high sensitivity in the entire mid-IR spectral region. Using a mesoporous silica film deposited on a reflecting platinum layer as substrate, the thermal and plasma-enhanced ALD processes of alumina with use of trimethylaluminum (TMA) are compared. Due to the high sensitivity of the method, the relative amount of surface hydroxyl groups added or removed during the process could be determined versus the number of ALD half-cycles. These data reveal substrate-inhibited growth on the silica surface for the thermal process with use of TMA and water, as compared to direct growth for the plasma-based ALD process with use of TMA and O2 pl.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MOLECULAR SIMULATION Molecular dynamics simulations of palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylglycerol bilayers

Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is one of the important components of biological membranes, but there is a paucity of experimental data to test the accuracy of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. This work consists of testing the accuracy of the CHARMM36 (C36) lipid force field on 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (POPG) lipid bilayers. MD simulations of POPG lipid bilayers are compared to recently available X-ray and neutron scattering and deuterium NMRmeasurements. Overall, the C36 lipid force field accurately represents the X-ray and neutron form factors, bilayer and hydrocarbon thicknesses and chain deuterium order parameters. The surface area per lipid from MD simulations with C36 (67.7 ^ 0.2 Å) is in excellent agreement with the experimentally determined value of 66.0 ^ 1.3 Å. C36 outperforms the lipid force field developed by Berger et al. [15] and suggests that past studies with this force field may result in lateral areas that are too small. Moreover, our studies give some insight into the structural model used in experiments and suggest that the functional form for the head group may not be Gaussian-like. Based on our simulations, the POPG lipid in the C36 lipid force field is well parameterised and can be used for other PG lipids and membrane models with mixed lipids.
Experimental Investigation into the Production Behavior of Methane Hydrate in Porous Sediment with Hot Brine Stimulation

The gas production behavior from methane hydrate in porous sediment by injecting the brine with the salinity of 0−24 wt % and the temperature of −1 to 130 °C was investigated in a one-dimensional experimental apparatus. The results show that the gas production process consists of three periods: the free gas production, the hydrate dissociation, and the general gas reservoir production. The hydrate dissociation accompanies the temperature decrease with the injection of the brine (NaCl solution), and the dissociation duration is shortened with the increase of the salinity. With the injection of hot brine, instantaneous hydrate dissociation rate also increases with the increase of the salinity. However, while the NaCl concentration is beyond a certain value, the rate has no longer continued increasing. Thermal efficiency and energy ratio for the hydrate production can be enhanced by injecting hot brine, and the enhanced effectiveness is quite good with the injection of high salinity at lower temperature.
Are Molecular 5,8‐π‐Extended Quinoxaline Derivatives Good Chromophores for Photoluminescence Applications?

The synthesis of a new series of photoluminescent compounds, namely 5,8-diaryl quinoxaline derivatives (aryl = phenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, and 4-cyanophenyl), was achieved by a direct Suzuki cross-coupling reaction with the employment of a NCP-pincer palladacycle. The electrochemical and photophysical properties of these compounds were also investigated. Four new 4,8-diaryl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazoles were also synthesized in order to enable a comparison between the two types of nitrogen-containing π-extended heterocycles. The substitution of a hydrogen atom at the 4-position of the aryl that is groups attached to the quinoxaline or benzothiadiazole base by either electron-donating or -withdrawing groups results in an increase in the bandgap energy (from 2.21 to 2.52 eV) of π-extended 5,8-quinoxaline derivatives and a decrease in the bandgap energy (from 2.65 to 2.40 eV) of π-extended 2,1,3-benzothiadiazoles. Moreover, π-extension at the 5- and 8-positions of the quinoxaline core is not essential for the photoluminescence of these compounds and 4,7-π-extended 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole derivatives are far better candidates for luminescence applications than are the quinoxaline derivatives. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
The Study on the Effect of Frequency Selective Surface to the Return Loss of Microstrip Array Antenna at 28 GHz Frequency

Microstrip Array Antenna has been operated at 28- GHz because of the basic features of the famous microstrip patch. The purpose of this research is to study the effects of Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) on the return loss of microstrip array antenna. In this research, Rogers Duroid RT5880 with a dielectric constant r is 2.2 and the thickness is 0.254 mm is chosen to be the based substrate. Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) is used with air gap separation, which is 1-wavelength is 10.7143 mm. This research proposed a triangle shape rather than a circle, which is a conventional shape that significantly enlarges the fringe capacitance to compress the overall size of unit cell. The CST Microwave Studio 2016 software has been used. By selecting optimum parameters, the simulated return loss of the proposed antenna with and without FSS is -64.677 dB and -37.621 dB respectively. The results for both simulations fall at 28 GHz. After the fabrication and measurement, the result shifted forward by 1 GHz. At 29 GHz, the result with FSS and without FSS is -43.55 dB and -36.71 dB respectively. Both of result simulation and measurement can be used since the results of both are more than 1 GHz.