Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Demographic and Genetic Structures of Two Partially Isolated Communities of Santa Catarina Island, Southern Brazil

The objectives of this study were to analyze the population structure and genetic variability of two communities, Costa da Lagoa (CLG) and São João do Rio Vermelho (SJRV), located on Santa Catarina Island in southern Brazil. The two populations descend from Azores Archipelago immigrants (Portuguese), with a minor contribution of sub-Saharan Africans and Amerindians. To estimate the relative contribution of the different ethnic groups to the current gene pool of the two communities, values of admixture were obtained using the weighted least-squares method based on allelic frequencies of the loci ABO, RHD-RHCE, GPA-GPB (MNSs), HBB, HP, TF, CP, AK, and ACP1. The origins of the studied populations can be quantified as follows: for CLG, sub-Saharan Africans (A) = 17.3%, Iberian Europeans (P) = 75.0%, and Southern Amerindians (I) = 7.7%; for SJRV, A = 48.8%, P = 44.5%, and I = 6.7%. Because haplotype frequencies of the GPA-GPB loci in SJRV were unusual, possibly as a consequence of random genetic drift, the values of admixture were recalculated after exclusion of GPA-GPB, as follows: A = 28.0%; P = 53.3%, and I = 18.7%. The total diversity (HT) was estimated as 42.29%, of which 99.6% can be attributed to the intrapopulational variability (HS). The interpopulational genetic variation (or standard distance, DST) corresponds to 0.19%, while the gene differentiation coefficient is 0.28%, indicative of low genetic difference. These results led to the conclusion that random genetic drift may have had an important effect on the Costa da Lagoa community, while presently gene flow might be the predominant evolutionary factor potentially capable of changing allele frequencies in SJRV.
umber and brightness analysis of sFRP 4 domains in live cells emonstrates vesicle association signal of the NLD domain and ynamic intracellular responses to Wnt 3 a

The Wnts are secreted, lipidated glycoproteins that play a role in cellular processes of differentiation, proliferation, migration, survival, polarity and stem cell self-renewal. The majority of Wnts biological effects are through binding to specific frizzled (Fzd) receptor complexes leading to activation of downstream pathways. Secreted frizzled-related proteins (sFRPs) were first identified as antagonists of Wnt signalling by binding directly to Wnts. They comprise two domains, a Fzd-like cysteine rich domain (CRD) and a netrin-like domain (NLD). Subsequently sFRPs have been shown to also interact with Fzd receptors and more diverse functions have been identified, including potentiation of Wnt signalling. Many aspects of the biology of this family remain to be elucidated. We used the number and brightness (N&B) method, a technique based on fluorescence fluctuation analysis, to characterise the intracellular aggregation and trafficking of sFRP4 domains. We expressed sFRP4 and its’ domains as EGFP fusions and then characterised the effect of endogenous Wnt3a by fluorescence confocal imaging. We observed vesicular trafficking of sFRP4 and that the NLD domain has a vesicular association signal. We found that sFRP4 and the CRD formed oligomeric aggregates in the perinuclear region while the NLD was distributed evenly throughout the cell with a larger proportion of aggregates. Most significantly we observed intracellular redistribution of sFRP4 in response to Wnt3a suggesting that Wnt3a can modulate intracellular localisation and secretion of sFRP4. Our results reveal a number of novel findings regarding sFRP4 which are likely to have relevance to this wider family. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Buccal absorption of ergotamine

The rate of disappearance of ergotamine from the mouth after buccal administration has been studied in seven subjects. Allowance has been made for non-absorptive losses of the drug due to experimental technique. The absorption of ergotamine across the buccal mucosa appears to be a passive process, pH-dependent but independent of ergotamine concentration or the simultaneous presence of caffeine. Because of the low solubility of ergotamine at the pH of saliva, it is unlikely that therapeutically useful amounts of the drug would have absorbed across the buccal mucosa even after the drug had been in the mouth for five minutes.
Amylin: a novel action in the brain to reduce body weight.

Amylin is a 37-amino acid peptide hormone that is co-secreted with insulin by pancreatic B cells in response to a nutrient stimulus (e.g., during meals). To test the hypothesis that amylin acts within the brain to reduce long-term food intake and body weight, we examined the effects of acute and chronic 3rd-ventricular (i3vt) infusion of low doses of amylin on food intake and body weight in rats. In one experiment, separate groups of ad lib-fed male Long Evans rats were given one i3vt infusion (3 microl over 30 s) of synthetic cerebrospinal fluid vehicle or 1 to 100 pmol amylin, and food intake and body weight were monitored for 7 days. Amylin potently and dose-dependently reduced 1-h food intake, with all doses producing significant reductions. The largest dose (100 pmol) significantly reduced 24-h intake by over 30%. The effect was persistent in that both 7-day cumulative food intake and body weight change were significantly decreased over the 7 days following a single injection of 100 pmol of amylin. Other groups of rats received continuous i3vt infusion (0.5 microl/h volume) of saline or 2.0 pmol/h amylin via osmotic minipumps over 10 days. Food intake over the 10-day infusion was significantly suppressed in amylin-treated rats as compared to that of controls. Consequently, by the 4th day of infusion, amylin rats weighed significantly less than baseline relative to saline controls, and this difference persisted throughout the remainder of the infusion period. At sacrifice (Day 10), the percent of body weight from retroperitoneal fat depots was significantly lower in the amylin-treated rats, indicative of a reduction of total body adiposity. In summary, the results support the hypothesis that amylin acts as a signal to the brain contributing to the maintenance of long-term energy balance.
Study on evaluation in Service Engineering from the view of MONODZUKURI

This paper considers the evaluation of several factors in Service Engineering from the view of MONODZUKURI. First of all, the definition of the new trend technical term MONODZUKURI is considered in points of view from the several terms and the industrial site of Japan, and its factors are revealed. Next, by investigating the action accomplishment of human internal, the difficulties of measuring the usability as the factors of Service Engineering is discussed. Then, the admissible measurement method based on the bio-informatics is presented.
Hsp 90 Regulates Activation of Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 and TBK-1 Stabilization in Sendai Virus-infected Cells

Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) plays a crucial role in mediating cellular responses to virus intrusion. The protein kinase TBK1 is a key regulator inducing phosphorylation of IRF3. The regulatory mechanisms during IRF3 activation remain poorly characterized. In the present study, we have identified by yeast two-hybrid approach a specific interaction between IRF3 and chaperone heat-shock protein of 90 kDa (Hsp90). The C-terminal truncation mutant of Hsp90 is a strong dominant-negative inhibitor of IRF3 activation. Knockdown of endogenous Hsp90 by RNA interference attenuates IRF3 activation and its target gene expressions. Alternatively, Hsp90-specific inhibitor geldanamycin (GA) dramatically reduces expression of IRF3-regulated interferon-stimulated genes and abolishes the cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation and DNA binding activity of IRF3 in Sendai virus-infected cells. Significantly, virus-induced IRF3 phosphorylation is blocked by GA, whereas GA does not affect the protein level of IRF3. In addition, TBK1 is found to be a client protein of Hsp90 in vivo. Treatment of 293 cells with GA interferes with the interaction of TBK1 and Hsp90, resulting in TBK1 destabilization and its subsequent proteasome-mediated degradation. Besides maintaining stability of TBK1, Hsp90 also forms a novel complex with TBK1 and IRF3, which brings TBK1 and IRF3 dynamically into proximity and facilitates signal transduction from TBK1 to IRF3. Our study uncovers an essential role of Hsp90 in the virus-induced activation of IRF3.
Hybrid navigation of a four-wheeled tour-guide robot

This paper develops methodologies and techniques for motion control and autonomous navigation of a tour-guide robot with a four-wheeled omni-directional mobile platform. A nonlinear unified kinematical control method is presented for point stabilization and trajectory tracking of a mobile robot which equipped with four independent driving omni-directional wheels equally spaced at 90 degrees between adjacent wheels. A hybrid navigation method is proposed to achieve safely autonomous navigation of the tour-guide robot; this approach includes two behaviors: one is the point-to-point trajectory tracking, and the other is the obstacle avoidance function using the traversability distance histogram (TDH) method to avoid barriers in museums. The effectiveness and merit of the proposed techniques are exemplified by conducting several experiments on an experimental four-wheeled omni-directional tour-guide robot.
Nested Evolution of a tRNALeu(UAA) Group I Intron by both Horizontal Intron Transfer and Recombination of the Entire tRNA Locus

ABSTRACT The origin and evolution of bacterial introns are still controversial issues. Here we present data on the distribution and evolution of a recently discovered divergent tRNALeu(UAA) intron. The intron shows a higher sequence affiliation with introns in tRNAIle(CAU) and tRNAArg(CCU) genes in α- and β-proteobacteria, respectively, than with other cyanobacterial tRNALeu(UAA) group I introns. The divergent tRNALeu(UAA) intron is sporadically distributed both within the Nostoc and the Microcystis radiations. The complete tRNA gene, including flanking regions and intron from Microcystis aeruginosa strain NIVA-CYA 57, was sequenced in order to elucidate the evolutionary pattern of this intron. Phylogenetic reconstruction gave statistical evidence for different phylogenies for the intron and exon sequences, supporting an evolutionary model involving horizontal intron transfer. The distribution of the tRNA gene, its flanking regions, and the introns were addressed by Southern hybridization and PCR amplification. The tRNA gene, including the flanking regions, were absent in the intronless stains but present in the intron-containing strains. This suggests that the sporadic distribution of this intron within the Microcystis genus cannot be attributed to intron mobility but rather to an instability of the entire tRNALeu(UAA) intron-containing genome region. Taken together, the complete data set for the evolution of this intron can best be explained by a model involving a nested evolution of the intron, i.e., wherein the intron has been transferred horizontally (probably through a single or a few events) to a tRNALeu(UAA) gene which is located within a unstable genome region.
EFFECTIVENESS OF NSAIDs AULIN AND IBU- PROFEN ON THE POSTOPERATIVE PAIN AT GINGIVAL GRAFT PROCEDURES - A PRE- LIMINARY STUDY

Background: Gingival reconstruction has recently become a routine part of the periodontal treatment. Gingival grafting is considered as predictable procedure for root coverage with a high degree of cosmetic enhancement for attached tissue augmentation and for preprosthetic treatment. Mucogingival surgery includes pedicle flaps and free gingival grafts or connective tissue grafts. These procedures are accompanied by donor site pain. NSAIDs are successfully used to affect this pain. Aulin and Ibuprofen have good analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Their main pharmacological action includes inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis via COX-2, reduction of cytokine-induced hyperalgesia by suppressing TNF-± and the synthesis of proteinase enzymes (MMPs). Postoperative administration of the drugs after gingival graft procedures and its pharmacological effect might contribute to inhibit the pain and decrease the morbidity in the postoperative period. Methods: Fifteen subjects participated in this study from 18 to 62 years of age. They received Aulin and Ibuprofen twice daily x 100 and 200 mg respectively for 4 days – in the early postoperative period. The surgical interventions were performed under local anaesthesia (4% Ubistesin with epinephrine 0,006 mg/ml). A four-point verbal rating scale (VRS-4) was used to measure the level of pain. Patients were instructed to complete a pain diary every hour for the first 8 hours after the surgical procedure and three times a day on the following 3 days. Each of them received Aulin or Ibuprofen initially by the end of the first hour after intervention and 12 hours after the first dose, and then for the next 3 days twice daily x 100 and 200 mg, respectively. Patients evaluated an independent rate of their pain intensity as follows: high expression, moderate, discomfort or missing. Results: In the following hours after the grafting procedure the pain in the recipient and donor sites show scores of successful inhibition from 0.33 to 1.25. This represents discomfort to missing pain. In the first day after
MicroRNA-26a targets ten eleven translocation enzymes and is regulated during pancreatic cell differentiation

Significance Ten eleven translocation (TET) enzymes are recently identified proteins that mediate DNA demethylation, but their regulation is still unknown. This paper indicates that a microRNA, miR-26a, is able to directly target TETs and then modulate 5-hydroxymethylcytosine levels. Furthermore, regulation of TETs by miR-26a is shown to promote pancreatic cell differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. These results highlight a link between a miRNA, DNA demethylation, and stem/progenitor cell differentiation. It also suggests a potential approach to increase the efficiency of generating pancreatic endocrine cells in vitro through modulating miR-26a. Ten eleven translocation (TET) enzymes (TET1/TET2/TET3) and thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) play crucial roles in early embryonic and germ cell development by mediating DNA demethylation. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate TETs/TDG expression and their role in cellular differentiation, including that of the pancreas, are not known. Here, we report that (i) TET1/2/3 and TDG can be direct targets of the microRNA miR-26a, (ii) murine TETs, especially TET2 and TDG, are down-regulated in islets during postnatal differentiation, whereas miR-26a is up-regulated, (iii) changes in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine accompany changes in TET mRNA levels, (iv) these changes in mRNA and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine are also seen in an in vitro differentiation system initiated with FACS-sorted adult ductal progenitor-like cells, and (v) overexpression of miR-26a in mice increases postnatal islet cell number in vivo and endocrine/acinar colonies in vitro. These results establish a previously unknown link between miRNAs and TET expression levels, and suggest a potential role for miR-26a and TET family proteins in pancreatic cell differentiation.
Congestion Avoidance in Computer Networks with a Connectionless Network Layer

Widespread use of computer networks and the use of varied technology for the interconnection of computers has made congestion a signi cant problem. In this report, we summarize our research on congestion avoidance. We compare the concept of congestion avoidance with that of congestion control. Brie y, congestion control is a recovery mechanism, while congestion avoidance is a prevention mechanism. A congestion control scheme helps the network to recover from the congestion state while a congestion avoidance scheme allows a network to operate in the region of low delay and high throughput with minimal queuing, thereby preventing it from entering the congested state in which packets are lost due to bu er shortage. A number of possible alternatives for congestion avoidance were identi ed. From these alternatives we selected one called the binary feedback scheme in which the network uses a single bit in the network layer header to feed back the congestion information to its users, which then increase or decrease their load to make optimal use of the resources. The concept of global optimality in a distributed system is de ned in terms of e ciency and fairness such that they can be independently quanti ed and apply to any number of resources and users. The proposed scheme has been simulated and shown to be globally e cient, fair, responsive, convergent, robust, distributed, and con guration-independent.
A Short History of the Thermodynamics of Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions

The Gibbs energy provides the criterion for spontaneous change and equilibrium at constanttemperature and pressure. These three definitions are what we now refer to as Legendretransforms. Legendre transforms are the most significant concept in this short history. Notethat Equations 1–3 each involve a product of conjugate variables that yields energy. Everybodyknows that the variables in an equation can be changed by simply substituting an equation forone of the variables in terms of a new variable. Not everybody knows that a derivative can beintroduced as a new variable, but Gibbs did. I wrote a review on Legendre transforms in 1994(2), and later I chaired an IUPAC Committee that wrote a Technical Report on Legendretransforms (3). Two more Legendre transforms will be used in these Reflections.Before going further, we must be clear about what thermodynamics can tell us about areaction system. Callen (4) has written: “Prediction of the new equilibrium state is the centralproblem of thermodynamics. ” Thermodynamic measurements on systems at equilibrium canbe used to calculate properties that can be used to predict whether reactions in a system willgo to the right or the left under a given set of conditions in addition to making it possible tocalculate the equilibrium composition. It is not necessary to have measurements on the actualreactions in the system to do this because other pathways can be used to calculate the
Distributed Measurement-based Analysis of Anycast Public DNS Resolvers

The use of public DNS resolvers in constantly increasing. Most of these resolvers use anycast. This allows several instances of the same server to have the same IP address, allowing the user to connect to the one that is most beneficial to him. By comparing the performance of the most popular of these resolvers, the research described in this paper provides insight into the performance of these resolvers. We have used the RIPE Atlas framework to assess the performance of a couple of popular public DNS resolvers. Our results demonstrate that the fastest resolver differs greatly depending on the geographical location.
Health and Education: Another Look with the Proper Data

During the XXth century, life expectancy levels have converged across the world. Yet, macroeconomic studies, as Acemoglu and Johnson (2007), estimate that improvements in health have no impact on growth or any factors of growth; in particular, they find no impact of life expectancy increases on education. We argue that their pessimistic results with respect to schooling investment is due to the use of an imprecise proxy. Indeed, when life expectancy increases at time t, only the cohort born at t should increase its human capital investment. On the contrary, Acemoglu and Johnson (2007) look at the impact of life expectancy improvements on the average education of the whole population aged above 15, which evolves much slower. We have reproduced their estimations with a cohort-based measure of education and find a positive and significant impact of life expectancies on education, of a magnitude between 20% and 47%. Finally, we use both the Cohen-Soto (2007) and the Barro-Lee (2010-2013) databases on education, and explain in the text why the former delivers better results than the latter.
Differential Regulation of the Multiple Flagellins in Spirochetes

ABSTRACT The expression of flagellin genes in most bacteria is typically regulated by the flagellum-specific sigma28 factor FliA, and an anti-sigma28 factor, FlgM. However, the regulatory hierarchy in several bacteria that have multiple flagellins is more complex. In these bacteria, the flagellin genes are often transcribed by at least two different sigma factors. The flagellar filament in spirochetes consists of one to three FlaB core proteins and at least one FlaA sheath protein. Here, the genetically amenable bacterium Brachyspira hyodysenteriae was used as a model spirochete to investigate the regulation of its four flagellin genes, flaA, flaB1, flaB2, and flaB3. We found that the flaB1 and flaB2 genes are regulated by sigma28, whereas the flaA and flaB3 genes are controlled by sigma70. The analysis of a flagellar motor switch fliG mutant further supported this proposition; in the mutant, the transcription of flaB1 and flaB2 was inhibited, but that of flaA and flaB3 was not. In addition, the continued expression of flaA and flaB3 in the mutant resulted in the formation of incomplete flagellar filaments that were hollow tubes and consisted primarily of FlaA. Finally, our recent studies have shown that each flagellin unit contributes to the stiffness of the periplasmic flagella, and this stiffness directly correlates with motility. The regulatory mechanism identified here should allow spirochetes to change the relative ratio of these flagellin proteins and, concomitantly, vary the stiffness of their flagellar filament.
Effects of NaCl-salinity on growth and inorganic solute accumulation in young cashew plants

Os efeitos da salinidade sobre o crescimento e acumulacao de solutos inorgânicos foram avaliados em plantas de cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L.), com 30 dias de idade, cultivadas em diferentes doses de NaCl, por 8 dias (curta duracao) e 40 dias (longa duracao). A producao de massa fresca (MF) da parte aerea, apos 40 dias, foi reduzida, aproximadamente, 25 e 75% sob 50 e 100 mol m-3 de NaCl, respectivamente. Nas raizes, a producao de MF nao foi afetada em 50 mol m-3 de NaCl, entretanto decresceu 30% em 100 mol m-3 de NaCl. No experimento de curta duracao, a concentracao de K+ nos diferentes tecidos foi similar aquela das plantas controle, enquanto que, no experimento de longa duracao, a concentracao de K+ foi fortemente reduzida, principalmente nas raizes. Em resposta ao tempo e a salinidade crescente, as concentracoes de Na+ e Cl- atingiram niveis toxicos nas folhas o que levou, a partir do quarto dia do estresse salino, ao surgimento de sintomas tipicos de toxicidade por estes ions. Em consequencia, as plantas de cajueiro nao foram habeis em regular suas funcoes metabolicas e fisiologicas nessas condicoes adversas de crescimento.
Fast iterative procedure for wave scattering by cylindrical objects

This paper presents the analysis of electromagnetic wave scattering by multiple cylindrical objects located in free space and rectangular waveguide junctions. The novel nested iterative scattering procedure (NISP) was developed in order to increase the efficiency of the iterative scattering procedure (ISP). The proposed method was verified by a finite-difference time-domain software and very good agreement was observed. Several numerical examples for open and closed problems were presented.