Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Replica-Symmetric Prediction for Random Linear Estimation With Gaussian Matrices Is Exact

This paper considers the fundamental limit of random linear estimation for i.i. d. signal distributions and i.i. d. Gaussian measurement matrices. Its main contribution is a rigorous characterization of the asymptotic mutual information (MI) and minimum mean-square error (MMSE) in this setting. Under mild technical conditions, our results show that the limiting MI and MMSE are equal to the values predicted by the replica method from statistical physics. This resolves a well-known problem that has remained open for over a decade.
Intersectionality and crime: Reflections from female ex-inmates in South Africa.

Intersectionality was used as a lens in this article to analyse the recounted experiences of 20 former female inmates (prisoners) of correctional centres (prisons) in South Africa. It was found that if stratification identifiers such as race, class and gender are simultaneously analysed in conjunction with female crime, distinctive trends of criminality can be identified. Fraud and shoplifting were the two most common offences for which women in this study were sentenced and the majority of them had relatively short sentences. It was found that the types of crime women have committed and their experiences whilst being incarcerated were influenced by their access to financial resources which, in turn, was simultaneously influenced by their educational levels and racial category. Multiple positions of power and hardship were revealed in this study.
Stationarity and stability of underwriting profits in property-liability insurance: Part I

Purpose – To examine the existence of underwriting cycles for the property-liability insurance industry as a whole, and by line of business. Specifically to consider whether the combined ratio is stationary and stable. Design/methodology/approach – The augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test is employed for unit roots, while dummy variable methods, the Chow test, and switching regression are used for stability. Findings – Underwriting profits of most lines of business and all lines combined are not stationary and have structural changes. For the whole property-liability industry, a structural change occurred in 1981. Before the change, underwriting cycles existed since combined ratios followed an AR(2) process. After the change, combined ratios are non-stationary. Practical implications – Without clear underwriting cycles, there is more difficulty for the insurance industry in pricing and reserving, for regulators in monitoring the financial strength of insurers, and for customers in terms of the affordability and availability of insurance. Originality/value – The paper recognizes the non-stationarity of combined-ratio series, years of structural changes in the insurance industry and specific lines of business, and the possibility that underwriting profit is cointegrated with investment income.
Psychometric Properties of the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire for Teachers (Teacher ERIQ)

The effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model is a theoretical model of a psychosocial work environment with adverse effects on health and well-being that focuses on a mismatch between high efforts spent and low rewards received at work. This study aimed to develop and psychometrically test an effort-reward imbalance questionnaire for teachers (Teacher ERIQ) based on the ERI model. The structure validity, reliability, and criterion validity of the new questionnaire’s scores were evaluated in a sample of 475 Chinese teachers. The results of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed that a structure of four factors of effort (workload, emotional demands, student-related issues, and social responsibility) and two factors of reward (emotional reward and material reward) in accordance with the ERI model had significant factor loadings and acceptable model fit. The Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients of all dimensions’ scores showed that the questionnaire scores had good reliability. Criterion validity was indicated by significant correlation coefficients of scores of most dimensions along with teachers’ self-reported job burnout and non-reciprocal social relations, as well as the ANOVA results showing that the differences of the scores of the two criterion scales in different ERI ratio levels were significant. The results also showed that teacher’s ERI level varied with demographic variables such as age, gender and school type. The Teacher ERIQ is a valid and reliable new measurement for assessing teachers’ psychosocial work characteristics. It can be an important tool to provide new explanations of stress-related health risks among teachers and to guide the development of preventive measurements.
Technology, innovation and performance in family firms

There are important theoretical reasons to consider family firms as differing from non-family ones with reference to technology strategy and innovation. However, for a long time, theory building in this stream of research has by and large overlooked the importance of the family variable, but in recent times there is a nascent and growing debate on such issues. Results so far are still open and somewhat contradictory. The present paper fills this conceptual and empirical gap, building on a quali-quantitative research design, where technology strategy and innovation are explored in relation to performance in family firms. Our paper suggests that family firms' performance is positively correlated with new product development, market knowledge rather than technological knowledge, and knowledge sharing rather than knowledge availability.
Land Tenure and Property Rights: Theory and Implications for Development Policy

This article explores the nature of property rights systems, their evolution, and their effect on resource allocation. It is argued that certain institutional arrangements for land rights have evolved in order to reduce uncertainty and increase efficiency in credit as well as in land markets. Of particular relevance to developing countries, the article emphasizes the contribution of public sector infrastructure to effective land rights systems. An appendix to the article presents a formal model analyzing the effects of security of land rights on land prices, the intensity of cultivation, and the use of credit. Empirical evidence from Thailand supports several of the propositions derived from the model.
Conceptual controversies at the boundaries between markets: the case of ridesharing

ABSTRACT The drawing of boundaries has been deemed crucial for the shaping of markets. One type of such boundary is the boundary between markets to distinguish alternative market versions in all their heterogeneity. The so-called sharing economy – largely enabled by the current wave of digitalisation – represents a domain comprising many overlapping and contested market boundaries. This article explores how different conceptualisations of the sharing economy prompt strategic efforts to establish alternative market boundaries for the purpose of legitimising specific practices and to advance political and ideological ambitions. It also shows how this “boundary work” reinforces controversies when different processes of drawing boundaries interfere with and potentially threaten each other. Drawing on constructivist market studies, particularly the notions of framing and performation struggles, this article compares three dominating ridesharing platforms in Sweden: Uber, Skjutsgruppen and Heetch.
Emotional Instability, Employees Work Outcomes among Academia: Compulsory Citizenship Behavior and Leadership Style as Moderators

Nowadays Employees Work Outcomes is the primary concern of academia of higher education. Hence, to understand this perspective the current study has examined the impact of emotional instability on employees work outcomes (Workaholism, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Burnout). This study also examined the moderating role of compulsory citizenship behavior and transactional and transformational leadership styles. Sample of the study was faculty members of public and private universities. The sample of 400 teachers were selected from public and private universities of different cities of Pakistan. Emotional Instability Scale by John and Srivastave, Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale by Smith et al, burnout scale by Ayala Malach Pines and Workaholism Battery by Spence and Robbins were used to measure the study variables. Smart PLS (Partial Least Square) was used for hypothesis testing. Finding of the study showed that there was negative and significant relationship between emotional instability, workaholism and organizational citizenship behavior whereas, there was positive and significant relationship between emotional instability and burnout. Further results demonstrated that transactional and transformational leadership play moderating role in relation to emotional instability and workaholism. Nevertheless, this study will provide insight to develop policies to lowers the level of burnout, and will also help administrators to implement such leadership style that decrease emotional instability and raise performance.
Multiple-View Camera Calibration for Large Scenes with Limited Spatial Access at the Rotterdam Zoo

Obtaining accurate experimental data from Lagrangian tracking and tomographic velocimetry requires an accurate and consistent camera calibration over multiple views. At length-scales that span beyond the laboratory environment obtaining a camera calibration can be challenging. Combining tools developed in computer vision and non-linear camera mappings known from experimental fluid mechanics, we successfully calibrate a four-camera setup at the large-scale ocean aquarium of the Rotterdam Zoo. The method is valid for any number of cameras and allows retrieving the intrinsic and extrinsic camera properties that can be used to compute the (virtual-)camera positioning and further quality assessment. Using our method we obtain an accurate and consistent camera calibration at largescale over a space that has limited access.
Towards business intelligence in preoperative care: Choice, chance and communication

ii Acknowledgements . iv List of tables . x List of figures . xii Glossary of terms . xiv List of abbreviations . xvi Chapter 1 : Introduction . 1 1.1 Setting the scene: Health, healthcare and medical informatics 1 1.2 Elective surgery in NZ 3 1.2.1 Patient pathways for elective surgery in NZ 3 1.3 Background literature 5 1.3. 1 Why is preoperative anaesthetic assessment important? 6 1.3. 2 Preoperative risk assessment and communication 8 1.3. 3 Routinely collected data in support of preoperative risk assessment 8 1.3. 4 BI and healthcare 9 1.4 Overview of the research problem 10 1.5 Overview of the research design 11 1.6 The research context and the action researcher 13 1.7 The structure of the thesis 17 1.8 Conclusion 18 Chapter 2 : Literature review. 19 2.1 Preoperative anaesthetic assessment of the surgical patient 19 2.1.1 Patient interview 20 2.1.2 Physical examination 21 2.1.3 Preoperative tests 21 2.1.4 Documentation of the preoperative assessment 22 2.2 Preoperative risk assessment 24 2.2.1 What is risk? 25 2.3 A framework for risk assessment 26 2.4 Patient risk factors 27 2.4. 1 Advanced age 27 2.4. 2 Comorbid disease 28 2.5 Surgical risk factors 29 2.5. 1 Magnitude of the surgical procedure 29 2.5. 2 Urgency of the surgical procedure 30 2.6 Risk scoring systems 32 2.6. 1 ASA-PS 33 2.6. 2 CCI 36 2.6. 3 The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II 37 vii 2.6. 4 POSSUM 38 2.6. 5 RCRI 40 2.7 Evidence-based preoperative risk assessment 42 2.7. 1 EBM 43 2.7. 2 Research evidence in EBM 46 2.7. 3 Why RCTs? 47 2.7. 4 Validity of research evidence 49 2.7. 5 Generalising from RCTs and clinical research studies 51 2.7. 6 RCTs in anaesthesia and surgery 56 2.8 Closing the research-practice gap: Making the case for RCD in the learning healthcare system 57 2.9 Enabling the LHS through BI 63 2.10 Discussion 67 2.11 Conclusion 68 Chapter 3 : Research design . 69 3.
Are Menstrual Cycles a Biological Determinant of Well-Being amongst Sierra Leonean Schoolchildren?

The influence of hormones and biology on behavior is a topic that is rife with controversy, especially when it comes to sexual hormones. There is even more murkiness when it comes to the topic of menstruation and knowledge about women’s menstrual cycles. Recent research on this topic have seen a link between the hormonal fluctuations during menstrual cycles and various behavioral implications on competition, cooperation, and risk behavior. This study tries to expand existing knowledge by examining whether there is a link between hormonal fluctuations during menstrual cycles and risk preferential behavior using economic experiments in the largely understudied context of Sierra Leone. I also attempt to quantify the impact of stigma around menstruation on selfreported personal well-being indices. Deviating from existing literature, I find that the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle has a significant effect on risk preferential behavior. Additionally, there is a significant relationship between menstruation and overall personal wellbeing.
Does the Mind Wander When the Brain Takes a Break? Local Sleep in Wakefulness, Attentional Lapses and Mind-Wandering

Sleep has been classically described as an all-or-nothing global phenomenon. However, recent research strongly suggests that this view requires tempering. Invasive and non-invasive recordings in animals and humans show that neural activity typically associated with sleep can locally occur during wakefulness. Although local sleep is defined neuronally, it has been associated with impaired performance during cognitive tasks. Comparatively, the phenomenology of local sleep (i.e., what it feels like when your brain is partially asleep) has been less explored. Taking into account the literature on the neuronal and behavioral profile of local sleep intrusions in wakefulness, we propose that occurrences of local sleep could represent the neural mechanism underlying many attentional lapses. In particular, we argue that a unique physiological event such as local sleep could account for a diversity of behavioral outcomes from sluggish to impulsive responses. We further propose that local sleep intrusions could impact individuals’ subjective experience. Specifically, we propose that the timing and anatomical sources of local sleep intrusions could be responsible for both the behavioral consequences and subjective content of attentional lapses and may underlie the difference between subjective experiences such as mind wandering and mind blanking. Our framework aims to build a parallel between spontaneous experiences in sleep and wakefulness by integrating evidence across neuronal, behavioral and experiential levels. We use the example of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to illustrate how local sleep could explain complex cognitive profiles which include inattention, impulsivity, mind-wandering and mind-blanking.
Unveiling Third Space: A Case Study of International Educators in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

This article highlights one aspect of a case study of international educators at Dubai Women’s College (DWC), United Arab Emirates (UAE). It examines perceptions of international educators in third space teaching female Emirati, higher-education students in the UAE. Drawing on third space theory (Bhabha, 1994), this study explored the nature of their hybridity and their accommodation processes. Findings reveal that these international educators in third space perceive the salient elements of their experiences are: educators’ cultural curiosity, seeing beyond the veil, the global meets the local “here,” heading home, and mediating tensions.
Intention to Use e-Learning: Aplikasi Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh perceived usefulness dan perceived ease of use terhadap kecenderungan perilaku untuk menggunakan e-Learning pada mahasiswa/i di Universitas Airlangga Surabaya. Populasi dan sampel yang digunakan adalah mahasiswa/i Universitas Airlangga yang menerapkan pembelajaran berbasis elektronik. Data yang digunakan sebanyak 135 kuesioner. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis regresi linier berganda dengan program SPSS. Hasil uji reliabilitas menunjukkan bahwa keseluruhan variabel adalah reliabel, dimana nilai cronbach alpha setiap variabel > 0,7 (PU= 0,756; PEU=0,837; ITU=0,724). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perceived usefulness dan perceived ease of use memiliki pengaruh terhadap intention to use. Keterbatasan dalam penelitian ini yaitu hanya dilakukan di satu universitas saja. Selain itu, data dari hasil kuesioner bisa jadi memberikan hasil yang bias. Dengan jenis penelitian yang sama, penelitian selanjutnya dapat menambahkan beberapa variabel lain yang terkait dalam penelitian.
Leisure practice and its relations to cognitive vitality for seniors attending community organizations

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to explore the relations between certain dimensions of leisure practice and cognitive vitality in seniors and identify which of their sociodemographic and health characteristics (SHC) are related to leisure practice. A cross-sectional analysis of leisure practice, cognitive performance, self-perceived memory and SHC was performed among 294 French-speaking Canadian seniors attending community centres (255 women, average age: 71), by multiple linear regressions and partial correlations controlled for SHC. Outcomes from the project show that the diversity of leisure was related to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the California Verbal Learning Test, the frequency of cognitive leisure was associated to the Stroop Test, and the frequency of social leisure showed no significant association. “Paper and pencil games”, “computer use” and “helping a sibling” were related to various cognitive tests. Frequency of leisure (total) was related to gender and education, and diversity of leisure was related to education, age and depression. Study outcomes indicate that diversity of leisure was more related to cognitive vitality than frequency. Future studies should address leisure diversity as a way to promote cognitive vitality among seniors. Moreover, seniors’ characteristics should be considered when seeking to facilitate their participation in leisure activities.
Lexical derivation of the PINT taxonomy of goals: Prominence, inclusiveness, negativity prevention, and tradition.

What do people want? Few questions are more fundamental to psychological science than this. Yet, existing taxonomies disagree on both the number and content of goals. Thus, we adopted a lexical approach and investigated the structure of goal-relevant words from the natural English lexicon. Through an intensive rating process, 1,060 goal-relevant English words were first located. In Studies 1-2, two relatively large and diverse samples (total n = 1,026) rated their commitment to approaching or avoiding these goals. Principal component analyses yielded 4 replicable components: Prominence, Inclusiveness, Negativity Prevention, and Tradition (the PINT Taxonomy). Studies 3-7 (total n = 1,396) supported the 4-factor structure of an abbreviated scale and found systematic differences in their relationships with past goal-content measures, the Big 5 traits, affect, and need satisfaction. This investigation provides a data-driven taxonomy of higher-order goal-content and opens up a wide variety of fascinating lines for future research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Does it move? : An experimental study in the effects of color contrasts and structures within a static logo on perceived movement

Within the last years, markets are flooded with brands from all over the world leading to more competition between them. Logos visually represent companies in their values, beliefs, and goals. It is one of the first and most frequent impressions of a brand people are exposed to. Therefore, companies face the task to create positive associations already at first sight to stay economically competitive. Previous research regarding logos and their designs addresses mainly differences in cultural perceptions or general designing principles. Only little research focuses on abstract concepts from other disciplines. This study aimed to explore the effect of perceived movement in a static logo on people’s perceptions of the brand. A 2 (color: high contrast vs. low contrast) x 2 (structure: dynamic vs. static) x 2 (corporate identity: active vs. passive) design and an Implicit Association Test were used among N = 311 participants. The present study examined the effects of color contrasts and structures within logos on perceived movement, brand attitudes, engagement and brand personalities. The research is one of the firsts, connecting the concept of perceived movement, attitude forming, and brand personalities. Moreover, this study delivers practical insights on how marketers can create the perception of movement by changing simple logo properties. Fundamental to this research was the idea of embodied persuasion, assuming that behaviors unconsciously affect cognitive processing and subsequently attitudes and perception. Results show that people hold an implicit preference for movement within brand logos. Dynamic logo structures reveal an effect on the perception of movement within a static logo. A high color contrast only shows to have a potential effect on perceived movement while paired with an active description of a brand. Still, a high color contrast and a dynamic structure were capable of increasing people’s attitudes towards the brand already at the first impression. Additionally, the study was able to detect a mediating effect of engagement between movement and brand attitudes. Lastly, the study revealed that dynamic structures and color contrasts strengthen different personalities of a brand. Future research is addressed to take a more in-depth look at different color combinations and other structures to develop a mature framework and understanding of the subject. In the course of the study, also implications for follow-up research are discussed.
Partisan and Electoral Cycles in Privatisation

This study evidences the existence of partisan and electoral cycles in privatisation, by using a sample composed of 22 European countries during the period 1995–2013. Our findings suggest that privatisation reforms tend to be implemented by governments with different ideologies when elections are not immediate; however, results support a greater orientation of right-wing governments towards privatisation reforms in election periods. After the elections, right-wing governments continue adopting privatisation reforms, but governments from ideological traditions tend to oppose such reforms.