Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of a predatory starfish on substrate colonization by a dominant mussel

The pressure exerted by consumers has generally been considered to be among the main factors affecting the structure and processes in marine communities. Here, we assessed the effects of the predatory starfish Heliaster helianthus on substrate colonization by the dominant mus- sel Semimytilus algosus in a rocky intertidal area of the central Peruvian coast. We conducted 3 experiments: exclusions of starfish (1) from the edge of mussel beds, (2) from areas on bare substrate and (3) from areas surrounding recruitment mediators (i.e. branched macroalgae). The exclusion of H. helianthus resulted in increased cover of S. algosus in the 3 experiments. However, the coloniza- tion of the available space by S. algosus in the absence of starfish was more evident when facilitated by recruitment mediators or by migration from the edge of mussel beds than when colonization occurred during succession starting from bare substrate. By the end of the study period, however, increased S. algosus abundance, which coincided with the end of the cold phase (La Nina) of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation, overwhelmed the effects of starfish. We suggest that periodic oceano- graphic fluctuations are also important in controlling community dynamics in Peruvian rocky inter- tidal zones, highlighting the variation in the relative importance of top-down versus bottom-up control when different temporal scales are considered.
Evaluation of Vapour Compression Refrigeration System Using Different Refrigerants

The performance of heat transfer is one of the most important research areas in the field of thermal engineering. There are a large number of refrigerants, which are used to transfer heat from low temperature reservoir to high temperature reservoir by using vapour compression refrigeration system. There are various obstacles faced in working of different refrigerants due to their environmental impact (R11, R12), toxicity (NH3), flammability (HC) and high pressure (CO2); which makes them more hazardous than other working fluids according to safety and environmental issues. There experimental study was conducted to observe the performance of different environmental friendly refrigerant mixtures (HC mixture and R401a). It was also observed the effect of working parameters like diameter of capillary tube, working pressures and inlet water temperatures, which affect the coefficient of performance (COP) of vapour compression refrigeration system. It was observed that R134a is more efficient than HC mixture and R401a, but there is less mass quantity of HC mixture and R401a is required in the same system. So there is less effect in environment due to more mass of R134a.
The Experience of Dual Career through Slovak Athletes’ Eyes

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine how Slovak athletes experience dual career (the combination of an athletic career with education and/or work). The study strived to gain an understanding of the athletes’ attitudes towards education as well as perceived difficulties and supporting elements in pursuing dual career. Five athletes were interviewed once for approx. 105 min. The interviews and data analysis were based on Intepretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) and the interviews were focused on their experience in combining an athletic career with education or work. The athletes experienced dual career as manageable as long as they were assisted by at least simple supportive structures and provided flexible arrangements. Peers had played an important role in athletes’ decision-making concerning dual career and in providing social support when facing challenges within dual career. The teachers’ prejudice against the athletes based on their athletic role and the lack of dual career structures appeared to be significant deficiencies in dual career support. Finally, the analysis revealed the negative perception of athletes and sport science students by educational representatives. This perception may be a hurdle to be overcome in future dual career development.
Introduction to Emotion -Aware Mobile Cloud Computing in 5G Network

The development of 5G technology has lead the wireless world to be interconnected without any barriers. This new technology is aiming to achieve many challenging applications and more interactive and personalized services are expected to be available with resource-intensive mobile terminal. The mobile cloud computing (MCC) emerging in the context of 5G networks has the capability to overcome this bottleneck, which enables the resource-intensive services for mobile users with the support of mobile cloud assisted computing and big data analysis and delivery. In this article, a novel framework named EMC in the context of 5G networks, which offers human- centric emotion-aware services by mobile cloud computing and affective computing is proposed. With the proposed framework, the traditional MCC architecture is modified to achieve the required Quality of Experience (QoE) in emotion-aware applications. Furthermore, we design a partitioning solution corresponding to the fundamental trade- off between the communication and computation in EMC. The framework would be helpful to provide human centric, personalized and intelligent emotion-aware applications in 5G networks.
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

Empirical ground-motion prediction equations ( GMPE s) require adjustment to make them appropriate for site-specific scenarios. However, the process of making such adjustments remains a challenge. This article presents a holistic framework for the development of a response spectral GMPE that is easily adjustable to different seismological conditions and does not suffer from the practical problems associated with adjustments in the response spectral domain. The approach for developing a response spectral GMPE is unique, because it combines the predictions of empirical models for the two model components that characterize the spectral and temporal behavior of the ground motion. Essentially, as described in its initial form by Bora et al. (2014), the approach consists of an empirical model for the Fourier amplitude spectrum ( FAS ) and a model for the ground-motion duration. These two components are combined within the random vibration theory framework to obtain predictions of response spectral ordinates. In addition, FAS corresponding to individual acceleration records are extrapolated beyond the useable frequencies using the stochastic FAS model, obtained by inversion as described in Edwards and Fäh (2013a). To that end, a (oscillator) frequency-dependent duration model, consistent with the empirical FAS model, is also derived. This makes it possible to generate a response spectral model that is easily adjustable to different sets of seismological parameters, such as the stress parameter Δ σ , quality factor Q , and kappa κ 0 . The dataset used in Bora et al. (2014), a subset of the RESORCE-2012 database, is considered for the present analysis. Based upon the range of the predictor variables in the selected dataset, the present response spectral GMPE should be considered applicable over the magnitude range of 4 ≤ M w ≤ 7 : 6 at distances ≤ 200 km. Online Material: GMPE scaling with respect to distance, moment magnitude, V S 30 , stress parameter and kappa, ratios for various parameters, and median response.
The symbolic dimension of consumer attitudes

Products and brands are multi-layered and involve utilitarian (functional), hedonic (enjoyment-related), and symbolic (ego-significant) aspects. Although the symbolic function of brands has been investigated in the literature, there is no unifying dimension or measurement instrument available to evaluate brand symbolism. The purpose of this research was to resolve this gap in the literature and develop a valid, reliable and parsimonious scale measuring the symbolic dimension of consumer attitudes toward product categories and brands within categories. Drawn from a comprehensive review of extant literature on branding, self-concepts and consumer behavior, an initial set of items was developed and refined to create a single-dimension scale composed of 34 items. Two additional studies were conducted to establish the unidimensionality, reliability, and validity of the scale. The symbolic dimension of consumer attitudes proved to be unidimensional and independent to the utilitarian and hedonic dimensions of consumer attitudes. The scale was also discriminated from other brand-related constructs, such as self-connection and brand engagement. It also successfully predicted several consumers’ responses. As such, it unveiled the mediating role of self-connection between the symbolic dimension of consumer attitudes and brand attitude. It confirmed, as well, the mediating role of the symbolic dimension of consumer attitudes between both consumers’ need for uniqueness and brand engagement and overall brand attitude. Limitations, managerial implications and future avenues of research are discussed.
Moral development and juvenile sex offending

Eveline van Vugt onderzocht gewetensontwikkeling en delinquentie. Uit haar onderzoek bleek dat delinquenten met een gebrekkige gewetensontwikkeling een groot risico lopen om terug te vallen in delinquent gedrag. Opvallend was dat jongeren die een zedendelict hadden gepleegd eenzelfde gewetensontwikkeling hadden als niet-delinquente jongeren. Jeugdige zedendelinquenten bleken echter wel een tekort te hebben in hun gewetensontwikkeling wanneer zij bevraagd werden over hun eigen zedendelict. In dat geval lieten ze denkfouten zien, zoals het goedpraten van hun gedrag, waardoor ze vooral gericht waren op hun eigen behoeften. Hoewel het risico om opnieuw een zedendelict te plegen voor jeugdige zedendelinquenten laag is, kan het risico op herhaling van een zedendelict volgens Van Vugt waarschijnlijk verder verlaagd worden door de behandeling te richten op deze denkfouten. Gezien het sterke verband tussen gewetensontwikkeling en terugval in delinquent gedrag, zou de aanpak van criminaliteit vooral gericht moeten zijn op het stimuleren van de gewetensontwikkeling in de behandeling.
Sensitivity of freshwater macrophytes to UV radiation: relationship to depth zonation in an oligotrophic New Zealand lake

The ultraviolet radiation (UVR) responses of photosynthesis by two freshwater vascular plants, Potamogeton cheesemanii and Isoetes alpinus, and the characean algae Chara fibrosa and C. corallina in Lake Coleridge, New Zealand, were investigated. Experiments comprised 4-5 h of exposure to different UV wavelengths followed by 17 h of recovery in low light. Photosynthetic competence was assessed by pulse-amplitude-modulated fluorometry. The four species showed different sensitivities to UVR, which were consistent with their upper depth limits. The shallowest-growing species, P. cheesemanii, was uninhibited by UVR, whereas after 5 h of exposure to UVR, inhibition of 15%, 38% and 48% was measured for I. alpinus, C. fibrosa and C. corallina collected from 4 m, 6.2 m and 16.5 m, respectively. Not all plants recovered fully from UVR inhibition. Plants from upper and lower depths of their growth range did not generally differ in inhibition sustained or ability to recover photosynthesis. The species with greatest tolerance of UVR also contained the highest concentrations of UVR-absorbing pigments. Freshwater macrophytes have differing abilities to tolerate UVR exposure through repair and/or protection strategies and these may be related to their vertical zonation.
Extraction of Pectin from Different Fruit Wastes due to the Quality Upgradation of Jellies Preparation-Review

Pectin-a polysaccharide present in fruit cell walls can be extracted from fruit wastes obtained after processing. With the increase in production of processed fruit products, the amount of fruit wastes generated is increasing enormously. The pectin could be utilized for preparing jelly. Most of the jellies made using pectin from fruit wastes were found to have good quality. Those jellies with defects were in different corrective measures to upgrade their quality.
A New Model to Identify and Evaluate Critical Success Factors in the IT Projects; Case Study: Using RFID Technology in "Iranian Fuel Distribution System”

Many organizations use Information Technology (IT) to improve their performance in the business and operations. But, most of the IT projects suffer from a high risk of failure when implemented. Recently, many studies have been attended on the concept of critical success factors (CSFs) in order to affect the rate of success, but a little effort has been focused on developing strong models to facilitate the CSFs extraction and evaluation processes. We found that there are remarkable cultural, managerial, industrial differences and also, a considerable business atmosphere gap between the developing countries like Iran and the developed countries. Therefore, the related CSFs in the developed countries may not be directly applicable by Iranian project managers and they need to be adapted. Furthermore, it has been repeatedly reported that there are some limitations related to CSFs identification methods such as Rockart’s methodology. In this paper, we have offered a new developed model to extract and evaluate the CSFs of IT projects. This model has brought the theoretical backgrounds, the experts’ views and the AHP technique’s benefits together and it may be applied as a means to improve the IT project management ability. Thereafter, we have used our model to identify and evaluate CSFs of an important IT project, known as: “using RFID technology in Iran Fuel Distribution System”. The most important CSFs were identified and prioritized as: Support from senior management; Hardware substructure; Technology sanction; Pilot project; Beneficiary's participation and Data management.
Time-Variant Capacity and Reliability of GFRP-Reinforced Bridge Decks

Glass-fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) reinforcement is being used in bridge decks as a replacement for steel reinforcement. It is thought that since the GFRP reinforcement does not corrode, it can be a more sustainable material for reinforced concrete structures. Limited research has been performed to quantify the time-variant capacity of GFRP reinforcement embedded in concrete and thus the applicability of the environmental factor found in American Concrete Institute (ACI) 440 is questionable. A Bayesian approach was used to develop time-variant probabilistic capacity models based on data of the capacity of GFRP reinforcement embedded in concrete for a period of 7 years. These models are used herein to assess the time-variant structural reliability of a bridge deck. The results on the ability of GFRP-reinforced bridges to withstand future loads can be used to optimize the allocation of resources for maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation for the design and construction of sustainable bridge systems.
Utility of Microphone Based Static Pressure Probe in Unsteady Pressure Measurements

The paper describes in detail the fabrication and calibration of a static probe microphone for measurement of fluctuating pressures in flow-field. Wind tunnel experiments were conducted on two dimensional flow field downstream of a normal plate/splitter plate combination, to validate the utility of probe microphone built. The effect of varied level of perforation of the normal plate on fluctuating pressures measured across and along the separation bubble was studied using microphone based static pressure probe. The normal plate perforation levels used were 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 % and 40 %. The Reynolds number based on step height was varied from 4 × 10^3 to 1.2 × 10^4. The analysis of the results show that the maximum fluctuating pressure coefficient in the flow field, base pressure coefficient and the perforation level can be well correlated, for the cases studied.
NEW INTELLIGENT PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM FOR SOLVING ECONOMIC DISPATCH WITH VALVE-POINT EFFECTS

With increasing fuel prices and restructuring in the power industry, nonconvex economic dispatch (NED) is expected to become crucial because of nonsmooth cost functions. This paper presents an intelligent particle swarm optimization for economic dispatch with valve-point effect. A new index, another particle best (Pbestap), is incorporated into the particle swarm optimization to further improve social behavior. Moreover, a novel diversity-based judgment mechanism for evaluating Pbestap behavior is proposed for maintaining population diversity, which facilitates identification of the near-global region. The direct search algorithm is used to fine-tune and determine the eventual global optimal solution at low computational expense. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach offers higher quality solutions than do several existing techniques.
The Effects of Enalapril and Irbesartan in Experimental Diabetic Nephropathy

ABSTRACT In our study we investigated the effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and Angiotensin T1 receptor blocker at low-doses which do not affect blood pressure and renal hemodynamia on the experimental diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes mellitus was induced by 50 mg/kg streptozotocin on Sprague-Dawley rats. Except for the patient control group, 2.5 mg/kg Enalapril (an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor) and 5 mg/kg Irbesartan (an Angiotensin T1 receptor blocker) were given everyday via drinking water during six weeks period. After 24-hour urine collection, blood was withdrawn by cardiac puncture, and rats were sacrificed. Renal functions, histopathologic and electron microscopic alterations in renal tissues, and relative percent deposition of type IV Collagen were investigated. Diabetic nephropathy was determined with the increase of plasma glucose, HbAЭC (P<0.000), urea, creatinin (P<0.005) and urinary protein, albumin, glucose (P<0.000) in patient control and Enalapril and Irbesartan treatment groups when compared to the healthy control group. Mesangiocellular proliferation, tubular basement membrane thickness, percentage of glomerular collagen accumulation reduced in treatment groups and glucose in urine in Enalapril group declined. Our findings suggest that renal protective effects of Enalapril and Irbesartan in the development of diabetic nephropathy were comparable.
The Impact of Electoral System Reform on Taiwan's Local Factions

In 2004, the single non-transferable vote (SNTV) was abolished in Taiwan. The SNTV had long been seen as a major factor in the sustenance of county- and township-level clientelist networks (“local factions”). It was also associated with phenomena such as extremism, candidate-centred politics, vote-buying, clientelism and organized crime involvement in politics. More recent scholarship, however, has led to doubts that a single formal institution like an electoral system could have such a powerful influence on electoral mobilization. This article puts these positions to an initial test. It examines the impact of the electoral reform on the mobilization capacity of a local faction in a rural county notorious for its factionalism. By illuminating its intricate mobilization structures, it provides support for the second position: These structures are too resilient to be affected by even a radical electoral reform.
Strategies of imitation: an insight

The success of an innovative firm stimulates other organizations to follow suit in a competitive game of imitation. The aim of this article is to focus on the circumstances and underlying reasons favoring imitative strategies, while arranging the literature and empirical evidence on the issue. It is intended as a systematization of different contributions on this topic taken from different perspectives. We are convinced that such a comprehensive insight can be very useful to innovative companies as well.
0 D ec 2 01 2 Modelling black holes with angular momentum in loop quantum gravity

Ernesto Frodden, 2 Alejandro Perez, Daniele Pranzetti, and Christian Röken Centre de Physique Théorique, Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France. P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile. Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (AEI), Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Golm, Germany Abstract We construct a SU(2) connection formulation of Kerr isolated horizons. As in the non-rotating case, the model is based on a SU(2) Chern-Simons theory describing the degrees of freedom on the horizon. The presence of a non-vanishing angular momentum modifies the admissibility conditions for spin network states. Physical states of the system are in correspondence with open intertwiners with total spin matching the angular momentum of the spacetime.
Children's Reactions to Verbal Arithmetical Problems with Missing, Surplus or Contradictory Data.

l.L The aim of the paper A typical verbal arithmetical problem satisfies the following conditions: there is exactly one number providing the answer to the problem and this number can be computed by using the information supplied in the problem; moreover, no numerical data are superfluous (there maybe superfluous non-numerical information, e g colours or names). In this paper we consider problems that do not satisfy some of the above conditions, in particular, problems having either mi5sing data, or surplus data, or contradictory data. In what follows, problems of these three types will be called MSCD problems (for Missing, Surplus or Contradictory Data Problems) [I] A verbal problem may be considered either in a logic.omathematical setup or in an applied-mathematics setup In the former·, solvers can use only the infOrmation given in the text of the problem; in the latter, they may (or are even supposed to) find some data themselves For instance, suppose that a problem concerns Mary buying some items in a grocery. In the logico-mathematical setup, both Mary and the shop are typically unknown and there is no way of learning more about the situation, whereas in the appliedmathematics setup, Mary may be a girl from the solvers' class shopping in the nearby grocery and the solvers may go there and check prices, weights, etc Both setups should be the subject of regular teaching (because both kinds of reasoning are very impmtant). However they should not be confused (by teachers or educators) and the children should understand which setup is meant when they are given a task In this paper we restrict om attention to logico-mathematical setups only 1he aim of the present paper is an explmatmy investigation of how children react to MSCD problems. The topic has received little attention, particularly in the case of classroom instruction . Our intent is to challenge some conclusions that may be drawn from previously-known results Problems with missing data, problems with surplus data, and problems with contradictory data, are logically different from each other Still, they have some common features. First, in order to explain such a problem successfully, the pupil has to read the text meaningfully and critically and not to jump into computations before analysing the arithmetical relations involved This feature is so significant that it justifies the joint investigation of children's reactions to problems of all three types