Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cumulative advantage and citation performance of repeat authors in scholarly journals

Cumulative advantage–commonly known as the Matthew Effect–influences academic output and careers. Given the challenge and uncertainty of gauging the quality of academic research, gatekeepers often possess incentives to prefer the work of established academics. Such preferences breach scientific norms of universalism and can stifle innovation. This article analyzes repeat authors within academic journals as a possible exemplar of the Matthew Effect. Using publication data for 347 economics journals from 1980–2017, as well as from three major generalist science journals, we analyze how articles written by repeat authors fare vis-à-vis less-experienced authors. Results show that articles written by repeat authors steadily decline in citation impact with each additional repeat authorship. Despite these declines, repeat authors also tend to garner more citations than debut authors. These contrasting results suggest both benefits and drawbacks associated with repeat authorships. Journals appear to respond to feedback from previous publications, as more-cited authors in a journal are more likely to be selected for repeat authorships. Institutional characteristics of journals also affect the likelihood of repeat authorship, as well as citation outcomes. Repeat authorships–particularly in leading academic journals–reflect innovative incentives and professional reward structures, while also influencing the intellectual content of science.
Vegan versus meat-based dog food: Guardian-reported indicators of health

Alternative pet foods may offer benefits concerning environmental sustainability and the welfare of animals processed into pet foods. However, some worry these may compromise the welfare of pets. We asked 2,639 dog guardians about one dog living with them, for at least one year. Among 2,596 involved in pet diet decision-making, pet health was a key factor when choosing diets. 2,536 provided information relating to a single dog, fed a conventional meat (1,370 = 54%), raw meat (830 = 33%) or vegan (336 = 13%) diet for at least one year. We examined seven general indicators of ill health: unusual numbers of veterinary visits, medication use, progression onto a therapeutic diet after initial maintenance on a vegan or meat-based diet, guardian opinion and predicted veterinary opinion of health status, percentage of unwell dogs and number of health disorders per unwell dog. Dogs fed conventional diets appeared to fare worse than those fed either of the other two diets. Dogs fed raw meat appeared to fare marginally better than those fed vegan diets. However, there were statistically significant differences in average ages. Dogs fed raw meat were younger, which has been demonstrated to be associated with improved health outcomes. Additionally, non-health related factors may have improved apparent outcomes for dogs fed raw meat, for three of seven general health indicators. We also considered the prevalence of 22 specific health disorders, based on predicted veterinary assessments. Percentages of dogs in each dietary group considered to have suffered from health disorders were 49% (conventional meat), 43% (raw meat) and 36% (vegan). Significant evidence indicates that raw meat diets are often associated with dietary hazards, including nutritional deficiencies and imbalances, and pathogens. Accordingly, the pooled evidence to date indicates that the healthiest and least hazardous dietary choices for dogs, are nutritionally sound vegan diets.
Developing interactive connections between BIM and facilities information systems for end user functionalities

BIM(Building Information Modelling) is becoming commonplace in construction projects and new BIM technologies, processes and people (skills/ roles) continue to emerge in the building industry. With the aim of expanding the potential benefits and uses of BIM in the downstream areas and disciplines within construction and real estate business, this thesis proposes a theoretical framework for an interactive system that connects BIM and facility data for multiple end-user functionalities. Facility managers, building residents and civil engineering students are the target subjects and end-user groups in this thesis. The different user-groups and their requirements are integrated in a centralized data repository via multiple user interfaces and connection systems that suit different user groups. A data synchronization program linking BIM model and data repository is developed, and other technologies and tools such as VisuaLynk, augmented reality, and social media are adopted to facilitate the working of the system and the envisioned processes.
The effect of metabolic health and obesity on lung function: A cross sectional study of 114,143 participants from Kangbuk Samsung Health Study

Objective Although the role of obesity-induced metabolic abnormalities in impaired lung function is well-established, the risk of impaired lung function among obese individuals without metabolic abnormalities, referred to metabolically-healthy obesity (MHO), is largely unexplored. Therefore, we evaluated the impact of MHO on lung function in a large health-screening cohort. Methods 114,143 subjects (65,342 men, mean age and BMI: 39.6 years and 23.6) with health examinations in 2019 were divided into four groups as follows: metabolically healthy non-obese (MHNO), MHO, metabolically unhealthy non-obese (MUHNO), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO). Metabolic health was defined as fewer than two metabolic syndrome components. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥25 kg/m2. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs), using MHNO as a reference, were calculated to determine lung function impairment. Results Approximately one-third (30.6%) of the study subjects were obese. The prevalence of MHO was 15.1%. Subjects with MHO had the highest FEV1% and FVC% values but the lowest FEV1/FVC ratio (p<0.001). These results persisted after controlling for covariates. Compared with MHNO, the aORs (95% confidence interval) for FEV1% < 80% in MHO, MUHNO and MUHO were 0.871 (0.775–0.978), 1.274 (1.114–1.456), and 1.176 (1.102–1.366), respectively (P for trend = 0.014). Similarly, the aORs in MHO, MUHNO, and MUHO were 0.704 (0.615–0.805), 1.241 (1.075–1.432), and 1.226 (1.043–1.441), respectively, for FVC% < 80% (p for trend = 0.013). However, the aORs for FEV1/FVC<0.7 were not significantly different between groups (p for trend = 0.173). Conclusions The MHO group had better lung function than other groups. However, longitudinal follow-up studies are required to validate our findings.
Taxonomy and ecology of genus Psyra Walker, 1860 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae) from Indian Himalaya

The Psyra Walker, 1860, is a typical Sino-Himalayan genus of the subfamily Ennominae, currently known by 18 species/4 subspecies globally and 9 species from India. This study aims to revise the taxonomy and ecology of Indian Psyra by providing a morphology-based diagnostic key, highlighting their altitudinal, habitat and seasonal preferences, and modelling their distribution based on current and future climatic scenarios. Here, we describe a new species, P. variabilis sp. nov. and document 4 species and 1 subspecies as new to India, viz. P. gracilis, P. szetschwana, P. dsagara, P. falcipennis and P. debilis debilis, thus updating the global species count to 19 with 14 species/1 subspecies from India. We also submitted partial mitochondrial COI sequences of P. crypta, P. similaria, P. spurcataria and P. gracilis as novel to the global genetic database and calculated the overall genetic divergence was 5.17% within the genus, suggesting strong monophyly. Being a typical montane genus, most of the species of Psyra were active within 2000–2280 m altitude, 10.55–15.7°C annual mean temperature, 1200–2300 mm annual precipitation and 168–179 NDVI. Psyra species were predominant in wet temperate, mixed coniferous and moist temperate deciduous forests, their abundance and richness being at peak during post-monsoon months of October–November. The major bioclimatic variables influencing the overall distribution of the genus were mean temperature of warmest quarter, temperature seasonality and precipitation of coldest/driest quarter. While two of the modelled species were predicted to lose area occupancy under future climatic scenarios, the narrow-specialist, Trans-Himalayan species P. debilis debilis was projected to gain up to 75% additional area in the years 2041–60. The results of this study will be helpful to identify sites with maximum area loss projection in ecologically fragile Indian Himalaya and initiating conservation management for such climatically vulnerable insect species groups.
Impact of re-refined engine oil bottoms on binder properties and mix performance on two pavements in Minnesota

The use of vacuum distilled residues from the re-refining of used motor oils as blend stock in paving grade bitumen has occurred in isolated markets in North America for more than 30 years. Recently in the United States the increasing need for low stiffness bitumen for use in high binder replacement mixtures, coupled with economic considerations, has led to an expanding market for these products. Little in-depth investigation into the long-term impact of these additives on mixture performance has taken place until recently. Conflicting studies from researchers in Canada and private organizations have been published. Here, we review the eight-year performance of four virgin mixture test sections placed on a county highway Minnesota. Three test sections used PG 58-28 bitumens from different crude sources, one of which contained approximately 8% of the re-refined engine oil residuum. The fourth utilized PG 58-34 polymer-modified bitumen. Pavement distress surveys were conducted over the eight year period. Tests of the original bitumen following extended laboratory aging were conducted. Properties of the recovered bitumen from eight-year-old field cores were correlated to pavement distress. Double Edge Notched Tension (DENT) tests were conducted on 20and 40-hour PAV residues of the original bitumen. Iatroscan and extensive rheological testing were conducted on laboratory aged bitumen and on bitumen recovered from laboratory aged mixtures and field cores to determine the colloidal index, rheological index and the extent to which laboratory aged and recovered bitumen materials were m-controlled. Also evaluated were three test sections constructed at the Minnesota DOT MnROAD test site. A comparative study of PG 58-28, PG 58-34 (PMA) and PG 58-40 (PMA +re-refined engine oil bottoms) were evaluated over eight years. Bitumen used on the projects was tested as described above. The PG 58-40 exhibited the worst performance. The results of binder evaluations correlated to the fatigue cracking observed in the field with the test sections containing the re-refined engine oil residuum exhibiting the most extensive fatigue cracking. Based on this investigation we provide recommendations for test criteria to identify bitumens that could increase an asphalt mixture’s likelihood to exhibit poor durability and fatigue cracking performance.
Online prediction of the piston maximum temperature in dual-fuel engine

Diesel–natural gas dual-fuel engine has become a hot research topic in recent years because of its excellent power and economy. However, the reliability of the dual-fuel engine does not meet the requirements of practical application. The piston maximum temperature of dual-fuel engine easily exceeds the security border. Toward this, this article presents a relational model to real-timely predict the piston maximum temperature of dual-fuel engine. Specifically, some easy-measured engine indirect signals, including NOx emission, excess air coefficient, and engine speed, are employed as the model inputs. The piston maximum temperatures, as the only output, are acquired offline by finite element analysis in ANSYS. Support vector regression is employed to solve the prediction model parameters. Cross-validation is introduced to determine some intermediate variables formed in the process of building model. Experiments revealed that the proposed model produces satisfying predictions with deviations less than 7°C. Thus, this study provides an effective method to monitor the piston maximum temperature state of dual-fuel engine in real time.
A Damping Method for Torsional Vibrations in a DFIG Wind Turbine System Based on Small-Signal Analysis

Abstract Torsional vibrations present in the drivetrain excited by turbulent winds or grid disturbances (often manifesting as voltage sags) can produce severe stresses on the components of wind turbines. This study presents a damping method for the rotor side converter of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbine to improve system damping during small grid disturbances. Within the damping strategy, torsional damper is included into the power loop of the rotor side converter to provide damping for the system. During vibrations, a well-designed low-pass filter (LPF) is employed by the torsional damper to extract the dynamics of the generator speed and to generate a damping signal. To demonstrate the proposed damping approach, the small-signal stability model of a wind turbine connected to an infinite bus system is presented, and the eigenvalue analysis is conducted to verify the damping effect introduced by the torsional damper. In the case study, grid voltage sag at the point of common coupling (PCC) is applied to excite the torsional vibration of the wind turbine shaft. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed damping approach are testified by using the simulation results against theory analysis.
Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells cooperate with CD4+ T cells to drive compartmentalized immunopathology in the CNS

In chronic inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), immune cells persisting behind the blood-brain barrier are supposed to promulgate local tissue destruction. The drivers of such compartmentalized inflammation remain unclear, but tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) represent a potentially important cellular player in this process. Here, we investigated whether resting CD8+ TRM persisting after cleared infection with attenuated lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) can initiate immune responses directed against cognate self-antigen in the CNS. We demonstrated that time-delayed conditional expression of the LCMV glycoprotein as neo-self-antigen by glia cells reactivated CD8+ TRM. Subsequently, CD8+ TRM expanded and initiated CNS inflammation and immunopathology in an organ-autonomous manner independently of circulating CD8+ T cells. However, in the absence of CD4+ T cells, TCF-1+ CD8+ TRM failed to expand and differentiate into terminal effectors. Similarly, in human demyelinating CNS autoimmune lesions, we found CD8+ T cells expressing TCF-1 that predominantly exhibited a TRM-like phenotype. Together, our study provides evidence for CD8+ TRM-driven CNS immunopathology and sheds light on why inflammatory processes may evade current immunomodulatory treatments in chronic autoimmune CNS conditions. Description TRM generated after resolved brain virus infection that cross-react with CNS-specific self-antigen orchestrate a compartmentalized autoimmune disease. A local contribution to CNS autoimmunity Aberrantly activated tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) have been shown to contribute to inflammatory conditions. Their role in the CNS remains unclear. Now, in two complementary studies, Vincenti et al. and Frieser et al. investigated the role of TRM in the CNS. Vincenti and colleagues reported that after viral brain infection, TRM triggered CNS inflammation, promoting autoimmune reactions in mice. Cells with TRM-like phenotype were also identified in brain tissue from patients with CNS autoimmune diseases. Frieser et al. used rodent models of CNS autoimmunity to show that pathogenic CD8+ T cells infiltrating the CNS adopted a TRM phenotype that contributes to the disease. The results suggest that targeting TRM can be effective in treating CNS autoimmune diseases.
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation enhancement and NaV1.7 sodium channel upregulation in rat dorsal root ganglia neurons contribute to resiniferatoxin-induced neuropathic pain: The efficacy and mechanism of pulsed radiofrequency therapy

Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) therapy is one of the most common treatment options for neuropathic pain, albeit the underlying mechanism has not been hitherto elucidated. In this study, we investigated the efficacy and mechanism of PRF therapy on resiniferatoxin (RTX)-induced mechanical allodynia, which has been used as a model of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). Adult male rats were intraperitoneally injected with a vehicle or RTX. Furthermore, PRF current was applied on a unilateral sciatic nerve in all RTX-treated rats. On both ipsilateral and contralateral sides, the paw mechanical withdrawal thresholds were examined and L4-6 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were harvested. In the DRG of rats with RTX-induced mechanical allodynia, NaV1.7, a voltage-gated Na+ channel, was upregulated following the enhancement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation. Early PRF therapy, which was applied 1 week after RTX exposure, suppressed this NaV1.7 upregulation and showed an anti-allodynic effect; however, late PRF therapy, which was applied after 5 weeks of RTX exposure, failed to inhibit allodynia. Interestingly, late PRF therapy became effective after daily tramadol administration for 7 days, starting from 2 weeks after RTX exposure. Both early PRF therapy and late PRF therapy combined with early tramadol treatment suppressed NaV1.7 upregulation in the DRG of rats with RTX-induced mechanical allodynia. Therefore, NaV1.7 upregulation in DRG is related to the development of RTX-induced neuropathic pain; moreover, PRF therapy may be effective in the clinical management of patients with PHN via NaV1.7 upregulation inhibition.
Texture Based Automated Segmentation of Skin Lesions using Echo State Neural Networks

– A novel method of Skin lesion segmentation based on the combination of Texture and Neural Network is proposed in this paper. This paper combines the textures of different pixels in the skin images in order to increase the performance of lesion segmentation. For segmenting skin lesions, a two-step process is done. First, automatic border detection is performed to separate the lesion from the background skin. This begins by identifying the features that represent the lesion border clearly by the process of Texture analysis. In the second step, the obtained features are given as input towards the Recurrent Echo state neural networks in order to obtain the segmented skin lesion region. The proposed algorithm is trained and tested for 862 skin lesion images in order to evaluate the accuracy of segmentation. Overall accuracy of the proposed method is compared with existing algorithms. An average accuracy of 98.8% for segmenting skin lesion images has been obtained.
Visit-to-Visit Blood Pressure Variability and CSF Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers in Cognitively Unimpaired and Mildly Impaired Older Adults

Background and Objectives Blood pressure variability is an emerging risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia, but mechanisms remain unclear. The current study examined whether visit-to-visit blood pressure variability is related to CSF Alzheimer disease biomarker levels over time and whether associations differed by APOE ε4 carrier status. Methods In this retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort study, cognitively unimpaired or mildly impaired older adults from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative underwent 3 to 4 blood pressure measurements over a 12-month period and ≥1 lumbar puncture for evaluation of CSF phosphorylated tau, total tau, and β-amyloid levels at follow-up (6–108 months later). APOE ε4 carriers were defined as having ≥1 ε4 allele. Visit-to-visit blood pressure variability was determined over 12 months as variability independent of mean. Only CSF samples collected after the final blood pressure measurement were analyzed. Bayesian linear growth modeling investigated the role of blood pressure variability, APOE ε4, and the passage of time on CSF biomarker levels after controlling for several variables, including average blood pressure and baseline hypertension. Results Four hundred sixty-six participants (mean 76.7 [SD 7.1] years of age) were included in the study. Elevated blood pressure variability was associated with increased CSF phosphorylated tau (β = 0.81 [95% CI 0.74, 0.97]), increased total tau (β = 0.98 [95% CI 0.71, 1.31]), and decreased β-amyloid levels (β = −1.52 [95% CI −3.55, −0.34]) at follow-up. APOE ε4 carriers with elevated blood pressure variability had the fastest increase in phosphorylated tau levels (β = 9.03 [95% CI 1.67, 16.36]). Blood pressure variability was not significantly related to total tau or β-amyloid levels over time according to APOE ε4 carrier status. Discussion Older adults with elevated blood pressure variability exhibit increased CSF phosphorylated tau, increased total tau, and decreased β-amyloid over time, suggesting that blood pressure variability may correlate with alterations in Alzheimer disease biomarkers. Findings warrant further study of the relationship between blood pressure variability and the development of Alzheimer disease. APOE ε4 carrier status moderated relationships between blood pressure variability and CSF phosphorylated tau but not total tau or β-amyloid, consistent with other studies relating hemodynamic factors to tau changes.
A Design for Maintaining Maritime Superiority. Version 1.0

Abstract : The United States Navy will be ready to conduct prompt and sustained combat incident to operations at sea. Our Navy will protect America from attack and preserve Americas strategic influence in key regions of the world. U.S. naval forces and operations from the sea floor to space, from deep water to the littorals, and in the information domain will deter aggression and enable peaceful resolution of crises on terms acceptable to the United States and our allies and partners. If deterrence fails, the Navy will conduct decisive combat operations to defeat any enemy. For 240 years, the U.S. Navy has been a cornerstone of American security and prosperity. To continue to meet this obligation, we must adapt to the emerging security environment. The initiatives laid out in this Design represent initial steps along a future course to achieve the aims articulated in the Revised Cooperative Strategy for the 21st Century(CS-21R) in this new environment. Its a tremendously complex challenge. As we get underway, we must first understand our history - how we got to where we are. Moving forward, well respect that we wont get it all right, and so well monitor and assess ourselves and our surroundings as we go. Well learn and adapt, always getting better, striving to the limits of performance. This cannot be a top-down effort; everybody must contribute.