Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and analysis of wound field three-phase flux switching machine with non-overlap windings and salient rotor

Topologies for three-phase salient rotor flux-switching machines having non-overlap armature and field windings are presented. Salient rotor is used to modulate and switch the polarity of the flux linkage in the armature winding and this phenomenon represents the basic principle of operation of these types of machines. Non-overlap windings and toothed-rotor are the clear advantages of these topologies as the copper losses gets reduce and rotor becomes more robust. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used to examine the three phase topology of proposed Wound-field flux switching motor (WFFSM) with non-overlap windings and salient rotor. Coil test analysis, peak armature flux linkage, cogging torque, induced emf and average torque are examined. On the basis of these analyses, it is confirmed that 24S-10P has high flux linkage, less cogging torque and high average torque as compared to other WFFSMs.
Potential sources of variability in mesocosm experiments on the response of phytoplankton to ocean acidification

Mesocosm experiments on phytoplankton dynamics under high CO2 concentrations mimic the response of marine primary producers to future ocean acidification. However, potential acidification effects can be hindered by the high standard deviation typically found in the replicates of the same CO2 treatment level. In experiments with multiple unresolved factors and a sub-optimal number of replicates, post-processing statistical inference tools might fail to detect an effect that is present. We propose that in such cases, data-based model analyses might be suitable tools to unearth potential responses to the treatment and identify the uncertainties that could produce the observed variability. As test cases, we used data from two independent mesocosm experiments. Both experiments showed high standard deviations and, according to statistical inference tools, biomass appeared insensitive to changing CO2 conditions. Conversely, our simulations showed earlier and more intense phytoplankton blooms in modeled replicates at high CO2 concentrations and suggested that uncertainties in average cell size, phytoplankton biomass losses, and initial nutrient concentration potentially outweigh acidification effects by triggering strong variability during the bloom phase. We also estimated the thresholds below which uncertainties do not escalate to high variability. This information might help in designing future mesocosm experiments and interpreting controversial results on the effect of acidification or other pressures on ecosystem functions
Transportation Service Procurement Bid Construction Problem from Less Than Truckload Perspective

This paper presents mixed integer programming for a transportation service procurement bid construction problem from a less than full truckload perspective, in which the bidders (carriers) generate their best bid (package) using a bundled price to maximize their utility and increase the chance of winning the business. The models are developed from both the carriers and shippers perspectives to establish a relationship between the quoted price and the likelihood of winning to assist the carriers in balancing the potential benefits and the possibility of winning the bid. An intelligent algorithm based on Particle Swarm Optimization is then designed to solve the proposed model and hypothetical data sets are used to test the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed model and algorithm.
The Relationship Between Education Finance Reform and Tax and Expenditure Limitations

Since the success of Serrano v. Priest in California, at least 43 states have experienced legal challenges to their education financing formulas and in 19 states court rulings have forced changes in these formulas. A result of this litigation is a transfer of resources from districts with higher property tax values to those with lower property tax values. Over roughly the same time span, more than 30 states have imposed new restrictions limiting tax collections, tax expenditures or both (TELs) at the local level. There is evidence that the effect of education finance reform depends upon whether a TEL is in place. Thus to understand fully the impact of such litigation, one must consider whether reform makes the passage of a TEL more likely. In this paper we use data for all states in which referenda are possible over the 1978 – 1990 period to investigate whether TEL referendums are more likely to pass in states where courts have ordered education finance reform. We find that the probability of TEL success in a statewide election is significantly higher if the state has experienced education finance reform.
The Comparative Effects of Corn and Cassava Diets on Physiological Properties of Gastrointestinal Tract of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to investigate the comparative effects of corn, cassava chip and cassava pellet diets on physiological properties of the digestive tract of the broilers. Forty-eight day-old Cobb broilers were randomly divided into 3 groups receiving 3 dietary treatments. The diets containing corn, cassava chips, or cassava pellets as the basal feed ingredient are isonitrogenous, isocaloric, and semipurified. The experimental diets were pelleted and fed ad libitum to the animals. At 28 days of age, 8 out of 16 birds per group were euthanized and organ samples were collected. The broilers fed the cassava pellet diet showed lower gizzard weight than those fed corn or cassava chip diets (P<.05). Liver weights of broilers fed cassava diets were higher (P<0.05) than those fed corn diets. Sucrase and maltase activities in duodenum and sucrase activity in jejunum of the broilers fed corn diet were significantly lower (P<0.05) than those fed cassava chip and cassava pellet diets. There were no significant differences in mucosal protein as well as sucrase and maltase activities in ileum of broilers in all 3 groups. Broilers fed cassava chip diets showed higher percentage of caecal butyrate than those fed corn or cassava pellet diets.
Performance of two helium ion diodes

Two magnetically insulated gas‐puff diodes were tested. In one design the plasma source was a fast inductive coil; in the other a coaxial gun created the plasma. The plasma current density from both sources, as well as the accelerated beam from each, was comparable to the Child–Langmuir limit of ∼10 A/cm2.
Title Effects of Volunteering Experiences and Motivations onAttitudes Toward Prisoners : Evidence from Hong Kong

Volunteers are playing an increasingly bigger role in correctional institutions both in Western settings and in the Hong Kong Chinese context, and yet previous studies have focused only on descriptive accounts of theirmotivation and satisfaction.Utilizing three samples inHong Kong, namely prison volunteers (N054), non-prison volunteers (N0146), and non-volunteers (N077), the present study compares these groups’ attitudes toward prisoners. Moreover, this study examines the correlations between volunteer satisfaction and volunteer motivation and attitudes toward prisoners. The results indicate that, compared to the non-volunteer group, both thevolunteergroupsexhibitedmorepositiveattitudes towardprisoners.For theprisonvolunteers, motivationtoexpress importantvaluesandtohelpotherscorrelatedwith theattitude thatprisoners can change positively. The implications of the study are discussed.
Financial Sector Liberalization and Household Savings in India

This paper examines the impact of financial sector liberalization measures on household sector saving rate in India by constructing a continuos time series financial sector liberalization index. The impact of the index, along with the other determinants of household sector savings in India are estimated using a general model. The results suggest a significant negative impact of the index on household saving rate, which gives an indication of the increased credit availability due to financial sector liberalization leading to increased consumption rather than savings. Among the other determinants, absolute income is the major significant and positive determinant of household sector saving rate in India in the period of study.
Brachiopod faunal dynamics during the Silurian Ireviken Event, Gotland, Sweden

The brachiopod fauna from parts of the Lower and Upper Visby formations on Gotland has been investigated through a combined outcrop and literature study. The strata of these formations were formed during the Ireviken Event, one of the severest identified oceanic events on Gotland, with diversity changes and extinctions among several groups of marine taxa. Seven bulk samples were collected from stratigraphical intervals below and above datum points 1 to 5 of the Ireviken Event, yielding a total of 4261 identified brachiopod specimens. This assemblage is greatly dominated by small, millimetre-sized articulate brachiopods, mainly belonging to the genus Orthida, but also to the genera Dicoelosia, Atrypa, Sphaerirhynchia, Katastrophomena, Eoplectodonta, Athyridida, Pentlandina, Leptaena and Costricklandia. Of the twelve brachiopod species identified in the Lusklint 1 samples, six have their last occurrence in the investigated interval. Five species are interpreted as Lazarus taxa and ten species are strongly Lilliput affected. Previous literature on the brachiopods from the Lower and Upper Visby formations comprise 54 species (including many large-sized species) of which 23 species have their last occurrences within those formations. The discrepancy in brachiopod size and number of identified species, between the new samples and the literature, indicates the importance of bulk samples to uncover many small-sized species. On the basis of the combined outcrop and literature data, it is suggested that further detailed studies are needed to clarify the stratigraphic ranges of brachiopod species for the Lower and Upper Visby formations, and that substantial changes took place within the brachiopod fauna during the early Ireviken Event.
Características miofuncionais de obesos respiradores orais e nasais

PURPOSE: To investigate the myofunctional characteristics of nasal and oral breathing in obese individuals. METHODS: Participants were 24 obese individuals with ages between 8 and 15 years, who participated in the Obesity Group of the Ambulatory of Pediatrics of an University Hospital, and were selected by convenience. The myofunctional characteristics were assessed using the Orofacial Myofunctional Assessment with Scales (Avaliacao Miofuncional Orofacial com Escalas - AMIOFE) protocol. RESULTS: Oral breathing was present in 62.5%, and nasal breathing in 37.5% of the population studied. In the oral breathing group, 40% of the subjects presented lips tension during occlusion and 80% showed a narrow palate, while almost all nasal breathers had normal palate and lips posture (p<0.05). Interposition of the tongue in the dental arches occurred in 47% of oral breathers and none of the nasal breathers. Oral breathers showed the tendency not to repeat the swallowing of the same bolus. No difference was found between groups regarding face appearance, jaw posture, cheeks, and chewing function. CONCLUSION: Oral breathing in obese children and adolescents was accompanied by myofunctional alterations of the stomatognathic system, represented by narrow palate, interposition of the tongue in the dental arches, occlusion of the lips with tension, and swallowing disorders.
A New Generalized Poisson-Lindley Distribution: Applications and Properties

A new generalized Poisson Lindley distribution is obtained by compounding Poissondistribution with two parameter generalised Lindley distribution. The new distribution isshown to be unimodal and over dispersed. This distribution has a tendency to accommodate right tail as well as for particular values of parameter the tail tends to zero at a faster rate. Various properties like cumulative distribution function, generating function, Moments etc. are derived. Knowledge about the parameters is obtained through Method of Moments, Maximum Likelihood Method and EM Algorithm. Moreover, an actuarial application in collective risk model is shown by considering the proposed distribution as primary and Exponential and Erlang as secondary distribution. The model is applied to real dataset and found to perform better than competing models.
Distribution patterns of diurnal raptors in open and forested habitats in south-eastern Brazil and the effects of urbanization

Summary Diurnal raptors may be highly sensitive to anthropogenic disturbances. We evaluated the diversity and abundance of diurnal raptors at an Atlantic Forest–cerrado transition zone in relation to two habitat types (forest fragments and open habitats) and to urbanization, comparing natural open and forested habitats with corresponding habitats within a large urban area. We sampled 80 points, 20 in each of four habitats (semi-natural and urban forests, seminatural and urban open areas), during 12 months. Diurnal raptors recorded (21 species) included only three out of 10 species with some level of threat in the region. Forested habitats had more species (17) than open habitats (12). Urban areas had only 14 (67%) species, whereas seminatural areas had all 21 species. Diurnal raptors were as abundant in urban areas as in seminatural areas in spite of a loss in species richness in urban areas. A re-analysis without Caracara plancus showed that urban areas had a lower mean number of individuals per point than seminatural areas. Overall species richness usually fluctuated from 14 to 16 species, being slightly higher between January and May than in other months. Overall abundance of diurnal raptors was much higher during summer than during winter. Local extinction may have already occurred for some species of diurnal raptors in the region and will probably shortly include several others. At least C. plancus, a habitat generalist, requires further studies and eventually management actions, since it is able to reach high population numbers in urbanized areas. Furthermore, highly sensitive species that were not recorded require further investigation regarding their conservation status.
Production of amylase enzyme from mangrove fungal isolates

The mangrove ecosystem serves as a bioresource for various industrially important microorganisms. The use of fungi as a source of industrially relevant enzymes led to an increased interest in the application of microbial enzymes in various industrial processes. Fungal colonies were isolated from sediments of five different mangrove ecosystems of Odisha such as Bhitarakanika, Dhamra, Mahanadi, Devi and Budhabalanga areas. Forty (40) fungal colonies were isolated and screened for amylase activity out of which five strains were found to be more active. Among the isolates IFamy value was maximum; that is, 5.2 for MSF-9. The amylase enzyme activity of MSF-9 was maximum at pH-5.0, 1% NaCl, 1% substrate and Inositol as carbon source. The most potent fungi was identified through morphological, microscopical and 18S rDNA sequence methods and identified as Penicillium citrinum -JQ249898. This strain can be better utilized in large scale industries for enzyme production. Hence further study is suggested on enzyme purification for various value-added product formation. Keywords: Mangrove, fungi, I Famy , Penicillium citrinum , microscopical study. African Journal of Biotechnology , Vol 13(46) 4338-4346
Recent Progress in the Fabrication of Low Dimensional Nanostructures via Surface-Assisted Transforming and Coupling

Polymerization of functional organics into covalently cross-linked nanostructures via bottom-up approach on solid surfaces has attracted tremendous interest recently, due to its appealing potentials in fabricating novel and artificial low dimensional nanomaterials. While there are various synthetic approaches being proposed and explored, this paper reviews the recent progress of on-surface coupling strategies towards the synthesis of low dimensional nanostructures ranging from 1D nanowire to 2D network and describes their advantages and drawbacks during on-surface process and phase transformations, for example, from molecular self-assembly to on-surface polymerization. Specifically, Ullmann reaction is discussed in detail and the mechanism governing nanostructures’ transforming effect by surface treatment is exploited. In the end, it is summarized that the hierarchical polymerization combined with Ullmann coupling makes it possible to realize the selection of different synthetic pathways and phase transformations and obtain novel organometallic nanowire with metalorganic bonding.
LEVELING STUDENTS ’ CREATIVE THINKING IN SOLVING AND POSING MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM

Many researchers assume that people are creative, but their degree of creativity is different. The notion of creative thinking level has been discussed . by experts. The perspective of mathematics creative thinking refers to a combination of logical and divergent thinking which is based on intuition but has a conscious aim. The divergent thinking is focused on flexibility, fluency, and novelty in mathematical problem solving and problem posing. As students have various backgrounds and different abilities, they possess different potential in thinking patterns, imagination, fantasy and performance; therefore, students have different levels of creative thinking. A research study was conducted in order to develop a framework for students’ levels of creative thinking in mathematics. This research used a qualitative approach to describe the characteristics of the levels of creative thinking. Task-based interviews were conducted to collect data with ten 8 grade junior secondary school students. The results distinguished five levels of creative thinking, namely level 0 to level 4 with different characteristics in each level. These differences are based on fluency, flexibility, and novelty in mathematical problem solving and problem posing.
Technical Note: advances in flash flood monitoring using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

Abstract. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have the potential to capture information about the earth's surface in dangerous and previously inaccessible locations. Through image acquisition of flash flood events and subsequent object-based analysis, highly dynamic and oft-immeasurable hydraulic phenomena may be quantified at previously unattainable spatial and temporal resolutions. The potential for this approach to provide valuable information about the hydraulic conditions present during dynamic, high-energy flash floods has until now not been explored. In this paper we adopt a novel approach, utilizing the Kande–Lucas–Tomasi (KLT) algorithm to track features present on the water surface which are related to the free-surface velocity. Following the successful tracking of features, a method analogous to the vector correction method has enabled accurate geometric rectification of velocity vectors. Uncertainties associated with the rectification process induced by unsteady camera movements are subsequently explored. Geo-registration errors are relatively stable and occur as a result of persistent residual distortion effects following image correction. The apparent ground movement of immobile control points between measurement intervals ranges from 0.05 to 0.13 m. The application of this approach to assess the hydraulic conditions present in the Alyth Burn, Scotland, during a 1 : 200 year flash flood resulted in the generation of an average 4.2 at a rate of 508 measurements s−1. Analysis of these vectors provides a rare insight into the complexity of channel–overbank interactions during flash floods. The uncertainty attached to the calculated velocities is relatively low, with a spatial average across the area of ±0.15 m s−1. Little difference is observed in the uncertainty attached to out-of-bank velocities (±0.15 m s−1), and within-channel velocities (±0.16 m s−1), illustrating the consistency of the approach.
Diet of "Didelphis aurita" and "Micoureus paraguayanus" and the fruit availability in a semideciduous Atlantic forest in Southern Brazil

This study analysed the effects of diets and resource partitioning among Didelphis aurita and Micoureus paraguayanus , and their relationships with food availability in a semideciduous Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil. Species were separated by sex, age and reproductive condition to compare with dietary data. The fruit availability in the area was quantified bimonthly through collection of fleshy fruits and flowers available on the ground of the study area. Individuals of D. aurita trapped in the canopy vs. those trapped on the ground, or even regarding age and sex classes, did not differ in regards to their diet composition. Animals studied were heterogeneous in relation to their diet composition, being significantly different from each other (p = 0.03). The largest diversity indexes observed for both species in faeces and in the environment occurred during the rainy season. Both species presented insects in their diets, but with natural tendency to consume fruits or vertebrates ( D. aurita ). Rhythms of fructification of Piper sp. correlated with consumption by D. aurita (rs = 0.90, p = 0.03) and not by M. paraguayanus (rs = 0.40, p = 0.60). There were tendencies where independent young and lactiferous females of D. aurita correlated to the peaks of fruit availability during the rainy season. Key words: mammals, Didelphidae, resource availability, vertical strata, food habit.
Properties and antimicrobial activity of edible methylcellulose based filmincorporated with Pimpinella affinis oil

Biodegradable polysacharyd-based film was developed by incorporating pimpinella affinis essential oil (PAO) into methylcellulose (MC) at level of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% v/v. The effects of MC films containing PAO on physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of the films were evaluated. MC films containing PAO showed significant antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative strains. Tensile strength and elongation at break were significantly (p<0.05) increased but water vapor permeability, and moisture were significantly (p<0.05) decreased with the incorporation of PAO. The contact angle water increased up to 84.40% in 1.5% PAO concentration. The color of MC films was affected by the addition of PAO; the lower transparency of the edible MC films was noticed when a greatest amount of PAO (1.5% v/v) was incorporated (p<0.05). MC film contains PAO provided the films with a rougher surface than pure edible film. The results suggest that, the films containing PAO can be used as a natural antibacterial agent and it has been useful for application in food preservation and packaging industry.
Evaluation of Dormer sires for litter size and lamb mortality using a threshold model

Heritability estimates and breeding value predictions of Dormer sires for litter size and lamb mortality were obtained using a threshold model. Heritability estimates on the underlying scale were 0.24 and 0.12 for litter size and mortality, respectively. Breeding value predictions varied between 0.41o'? " and -0.43o2" for litter size and 0.30a22" and -0.14o2* for lamb mortality. Probability distributions for progeny of sires across 'fixed eff'ects' were also calculated. It is concluded that a threshold model can ef-fectively be applied for routine evaluation of Dormer sires for categorical traits.
Efficient one pot synthesis of N-alkyl and N-aryl imides

Imide derivatives have been found to possess a broad spectrum of biological activities. A variety of methods have been reported for the preparation of this class of compound. However, in spite of their potential utility, some of the reported methods suffer from drawbacks such as long reaction times, cumbersome product isolation procedures. Thus there is still need for development of new method for synthesis of imides. In the present work we have reported use of sulphamic acid for synthesis of imides in few minutes.