Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiscale Information Propagation in Emergent Functional Networks

Complex biological systems consist of large numbers of interconnected units, characterized by emergent properties such as collective computation. In spite of all the progress in the last decade, we still lack a deep understanding of how these properties arise from the coupling between the structure and dynamics. Here, we introduce the multiscale emergent functional state, which can be represented as a network where links encode the flow exchange between the nodes, calculated using diffusion processes on top of the network. We analyze the emergent functional state to study the distribution of the flow among components of 92 fungal networks, identifying their functional modules at different scales and, more importantly, demonstrating the importance of functional modules for the information content of networks, quantified in terms of network spectral entropy. Our results suggest that the topological complexity of fungal networks guarantees the existence of functional modules at different scales keeping the information entropy, and functional diversity, high.
Microbial Community Structure and Enumeration of Bacillus species in Activated Sludge

Bacillus species is an important microbial species in the activated sludge process. Some researchers reported that the predominance of Bacillus spp. improves treatment performance and good sludge settleability. The viable count of Bacillus spp. is usually measured by the plate culture method. Recently developed massive sequence technology has been applied to activated sludge samples; this technique provides more detailed information on its microbial community. However, the relationship between the number of Bacillus spp. and microbial compositions is not yet well understood. In order to elucidate this relationship, microbial community analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence and cell count of Bacillus spp. were conducted. Activated sludge samples, including those from conventional activated sludge, sequencing batch, and oxidation ditch processes, were collected and subjected to analysis. The results of microbial community analysis revealed that Proteobacteria and Bacteroides were the predominant bacterial phyla and overall community compositions resembled each other at the phylum level. The detection ratio for Bacillus spp. was 0–0.33%, and the number of Bacillus spp. ranged from 105 to more than 108 colonies/g-MLSS. The results showed that the number of Bacillus spp. and detection ratio showed a similar trend, and thus, these analyses could be complementary to each other.
An Investigation of Nonstoichiometric Oxides for Solar-Driven Thermochemical Fuel Production

In order to realize energy independence and substantially combat global climate change, renewable and sustainable energy technologies must be developed. Solar energy is the most readily abundant, and if converted into a chemical fuel, could be stored and transported easily. Solar-driven thermochemical cycling is a method of chemical fuel production that shows great promise, but current state-of-the-art systems have very low efficiencies. This work discusses new reactor designs and cycling techniques using nonstoichiometric oxides that will enable more efficient solar to fuel energy conversion. Practical aspects of the reactor design are explored – specifically, thermochemical expansion of the reactive oxide, and morphologies aimed at enhancing the reaction kinetics. Additionally, doped fluorite- and perovskite-structured materials are evaluated for thermodynamic behavior and in-situ thermochemical cycling performance. Oxide morphology and new doped compounds show little improvement over previously established neat ceria due to thermodynamic limitations. The thermodynamic limit is explored in new reactor geometries and is shown to demonstrate significantly more efficient fuel production. Finally, different nonstoichiometry thermodynamics are explored to provide guidance for further material exploration, as well as applicable methodologies.
Chromatin-Mediated Alternative Splicing Regulates Cocaine Reward Behavior

Mechanisms by which epigenetic modifications regulate alternative splicing are largely unexplored. Differential alternative splicing and histone modification enrichment are key mechanisms for neuronal gene regulation. Both are grossly altered in mouse brain following investigator-administered cocaine. Our group and others have identified the histone modification, H3K36me3, as a putative splicing regulator. In the current study, we found that mouse cocaine self-administration caused widespread differential alternative splicing, concomitant with enrichment of H3K36me3 at differentially spliced junctions. The splice factor motif for Srsf11 was enriched in splice junctions of cocaine induced alternative exons, yet Srsf11 expression was unchanged by cocaine treatment. Rather, Srsf11 was both differentially spliced and enriched in H3K36me3. Epigenetic editing showed that H3K36me3 functions directly in alternative splicing of Srsf11. Finally, both Srsf11-targeted and global H3K36me3 enrichment enhanced cocaine self-administration. These findings established the direct causal relevance of H3K36me3 to alternative splicing of Srsf11 and to reward behavior.
DFT Study on the Interaction of Paracetamol and Torsional Deformed Graphene

The interaction between paracetamol molecule and graphene sheet and the influence of torsional deformation on it were studied on the basis of density functional theory. Our results show that paracetamol molecule is physically adsorbed on the graphene sheet in a parallel adsorption model. Torsional deformation can change the bonding strength between paracetamol and graphene sheet, so by adjusting the deformation, the sustained and controlled release of drugs may be achieved. The results of global reactivity descriptors show that the stability of paracetamol-graphene complex is reduced by the presence of graphene, but the chemical activity is improved. The effect of torsional deformation is opposite to that of graphene. The paracetamol-graphene complex is easy to bond with electrophilic groups. The increased strain decreases the electrophilic ability of paracetamol-graphene complex. Analysis confirms that global reactivity descriptors have reasonably good correlation with the solubility and dispersion of paracetamol graphene complex,but they cannot be used to determine the pharmacological activity of drugs. Analysis of frontier orbitals and Fukui indices suggests that the active sites of the paracetamol include benzene rings, phenolic hydroxyl groups (electrophilic active site) and carbonyl group (both the nucleophilic and electrophilic active sites). For paracetamol-graphene complex, the active sites are mainly distributed from the graphene, there is almost no the active sites distribution on the paracetamol molecule. Hence, we can deduce that paracetamol will not exert its efficacy before it dissolves from the paracetamol-graphene complex, as a result, the efficacy of the paracetamol can be controlled by graphene carriers.
Alternative pathway to brominate 2,13-benzothiadiazole: Preparation of 4,7-dibromobenzo[c]-1,2,5-thiadiazole via N-bromosuccinimide

This present work reports an alternative pathway to brominate the 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BT). The conventional method to brominate a phenyl/benzene ring is to use the bromine solution (Br 2 ) together with hydrobromic acid (HBr). This is because the phenyl/benzene rings exhibit high stability due to the delocalized -conjugation, which the substitution of bromines into the rings can only be done through a strong bromination source, e.g. the Br 2 /HBr. Besides that, there is another bromine source, known as N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), which is normally used for bromination of thiophene rings but not the phenyl/benzene ring. The bromination ability of NBS is relatively mild than the Br 2 /HBr. Herein, this research shows that bromination of benzene/phenyl ring through NBS is possible under a drastic condition that involved the usage of 96% concentrated sulphuric acid and chloroform at room temperature. This alternative pathway can be used when there is limit access to the Br 2 and bromination through NBS is relatively less dangerous than the Br 2 /HBr.
Project management support systems in the SaaS model in the activity of virtual organizations

: Nowadays, the Software as a Service model is an increasingly popular method of acquiring and using IT systems such as project management support systems. The SaaS model consists in making IT systems available in the Internet space for a fee, which users can use online. The aim of the article is to analyse the possibilities of using project management support systems offered in the SaaS model in the activities of a virtual organization. The article introduces virtual organizations, emphasizing their features, structure and the role of IT technology in their functioning. The next section presents the general characteristics of the SaaS model and highlights the benefits and risks of using PMS systems in the SaaS model. Then, various conditions related to the purchase and use of PMS systems were signalled in the form of a service supporting the activities of a virtual organization. Finally, some PMS systems available in the SaaS model that can support the activities of domestic and international virtual organizations were listed.
Chloride induced reinforcement corrosion in cracked and coated concrete: From experimental studies to time‐dependent numerical modeling

The aim of the presented research work is to analyze and numerically describe the time‐dependent anode kinetics of steel in cracked reinforced concrete, which is exposed to de‐icing salts for a short time (one winter period) before a concrete coating is applied. In experimental studies the mechanism of chloride induced macro cell corrosion is investigated by measuring essential corrosion parameters. Therein, the surface coating finally leads to a halt of macro cell current for all actively corroding samples. The anode kinetics is identified as the decisive control factor leading to a stop of corrosion. In order to transfer the laboratory results onto real component geometries, numerical methods are used. These require a detailed workup of the anodic reaction kinetics, since the time‐dependent characteristics of the anode, identified in the experimental program, must be taken into account in the numerical simulations. For this, specific integral polarization resistances (rpi,a) are determined as an adequate approach which also allow for an extrapolation of the anode kinetics beyond the experimental investigations. The main findings of the numerical study are that geometrical and electrochemical influences, except the driving potential, are eventually superimposed by increasing rpi,a. As in the experimental studies, rpi,a is again identified as the dominant control factor stopping corrosion.
Trajectory Optimization for Hybrid Wheeled-Legged Robots in Challenging Terrain

Wheeled-legged robots are a promising solution for agile locomotion in challenging terrain, combining the speed of the wheels with the ability of the legs to cope with unstructured environments. This paper presents a trajectory optimization framework that allows wheeled-legged robots to navigate in challenging terrain, e.g., steps, slopes, gaps, while negotiating these obstacles with dynamic motions. The framework generates the robot’s base motion as well as the wheels’ positions and contact forces along the trajectory, accounting for the terrain map and the dynamics of the robot. The knowledge of the terrain map allows the optimizer to generate feasible motions for obstacle negotiation in a dynamic manner, at higher speeds. To take full advantage of the hybrid nature of wheeled-legged robots, driving and stepping motions are both considered in a single planning problem that can generate trajectories with purely driving motions or hybrid driving-stepping motions. The optimization is formulated as a Nonlinear Programming Problem (NLP) employing a phase-based parametrization to optimize over the wheels’ motion and contact forces. The reference trajectories are tracked by a hierarchical whole-body controller that computes the torque actuation commands for the robot. The motion plans are verified on the quadrupedal robot ANYmal equipped with non-steerable torque-controlled wheels in simulations and experimental tests. Agile hybrid motions are demonstrated in simulations with discontinuous obstacles, such as floating steps and gaps, at an average speed of 0.75 m/s.
miR-193b-3p Promotes Proliferation of Goat Myoblast Through Directly Targeting IGF2BP1 and Activating Its Transcription

BackgroundAs a well-known cancer-related miRNA, miR-193b-3p is enriched in skeletal muscle but dysregulated in muscle disease. However, mechanism underpinning has not been addressed so far. MethodsHere, we probed the impact of miR-193b-3p on myogenesis by mainly using goat tissues and skeletal muscle satellite cells (MuSCs), with combined methods including RNA-seq to profile the transcriptome affected by miR-193b-3p, cell-counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) for cell proliferation assay, and RNA-RNA dual-labeled fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for RNA colocalization. ResultsmiR-193b-3p is highly enriched in goat skeletal muscles, and ectopic miR-193b-3p promotes MuSCs proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, insulin-like growth factor-2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) is the most activated insulin signaling genes when overexpression miR-193b-3p and the miRNA recognition element (MRE) within IGF1BP1 3ʹ untranslated region (UTR) is indispensable for its activation caused by miR-193b-3p. Consistently, expression patterns and function of IGF2BP1 were similar to those of miR-193b-3p in tissues and MuSCs. While the overexpression of miR-193b-3p failed to induce pax7 expression and myoblast proliferation when IGF2BP1 knockdown. Furthermore, miR-193b-3p destabilized IGF2BP1 mRNA but unexpectedly promoted levels of IGF2BP1 heteronuclear RNA (hnRNA) dramatically. Moreover, miR-193b-3p could enhance fly luciferase activity when inserted upstream of its promoter, and induce neighboring genes of itself. However, miR-193b-3p inversely regulated IGF2BP1 and myoblast proliferation in mouse C2C12 myoblast. These data unveil that goat miR-193b-3p promotes myoblast proliferation via activating IGF2BP1 by binding on its 3ʹ UTR.ConclusionsOur novel findings highlight the positive regulation between miRNA and its target genes in muscle development, which further extends the repertoire of miRNA functions.
Splenic Flexure Cancer: Segmental Colonic Resection, Left Hemicolectomy, Extended Right Hemicolectomy or Total Colectomy? Short-Term and Long-Term Outcomes

Introduction: Splenic flexure tumors are quite rare, accounting for 2% to 8% of all colorectal cancers. The heterogeneity of the vascular support and lymphatic drainage of the splenic flexure make the surgical management complex and non-standardized. The aim of the study is to compare the four surgical techniques (extended right hemicolectomy, left hemicolectomy, segmental colonic resection, and total colectomy) in terms of short-term and long-term outcomes. Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients from two hospitals of Turin (the Martini hospital and the San Giovanni Bosco hospital) between September 1998 and March 2020 have surgical visit for splenic flexure cancer. The data reported in the database include preoperative, postoperative, histopathological characteristics, and survival results. Univariate and multivariate analysis are performed to evaluate the confounding factors influencing overall and disease-free survival. Results and Discussion: A total of 173 patients treated for splenic flexure tumors are included in the study. The four groups are similar on the baseline characteristics of the patients. Clavien Dindo ≥ 3 postoperative complications and 30-day mortality are comparable in the four groups (p=0.216 e p=0.213). Five-year overall survival and progression-free survival did not show significant differences between the four surgical techniques (p=1.08 e p=0.28). No statistically significant differences were found between the four groups for baseline patient characteristics, intraoperative outcomes, postoperative complications, and TNM staging. Conclusion: Segmental colonic resection, extended right hemicolectomy, left hemicolectomy and total colectomy show no significant difference in short-term and oncological outcomes in cancer of the splenic flexure. Further studies with a higher level of evidence are needed.
A Secure Clinical Diagnosis With Privacy-Preserving Multiclass Support Vector Machine in Clouds

With the rapid growth of machine learning and artificial intelligence in medical cloud systems, cloud-aided medical computing has materialized a concrete platform for rapid realization of the service-oriented computing paradigm. However, using machine learning approaches in medical clouds might cause serious privacy leakage risk, for example, it needs to take the patients’ sensitive data as the inputs of the machine learning algorithm. In this article, we propose an efficient and privacy-preserving clinical diagnosis scheme that was performed by an (untrusted and malicious) outsourced cloud platform, which can provide the diagnosis assistance for doctors without leaking any sensitive information of patients and service providers. Concretely, we give the security model of privacy-preserving multiclass support vector machine (SVM) in outsourced medical clouds and design a secure clinical diagnosis scheme with privacy-preserving multiclass predecision and diagnosis. We propose a novel encoding approach to implement the encryption of negative number, and design several security building blocks, such as privacy-preserving decision function computing, privacy-preserving classification, and search of max decision function on encrypted fields, to provide the construction of the secure clinical diagnosis with privacy-preserving multiclass SVM. We give the concrete scheme and provide the experiment on Dermatology datasheet. Security analysis and experimental results indicate that the proposed scheme is efficient and practical in privacy-preserving clinical diagnosis systems.
Monitoring and control of bottomhole pressure during surge and swab operations using statistical process control

ABSTRACT This article for the first time uses a mixture of Statistical Process Control and Engineering Process Control to identify, monitor and control assignable and common causes during drilling operations. To this end, Control charts are applied on the output of the process controlled using EPC and points outside of the predefined control limits are identified. This method can use controllable input variables not used in EPC such as changes in weight of fluid entering the well, to fully control the process. The results show improvements on limits of EPC method using SPC for controlling bottomhole pressure in the acceptable range.
METHOD TO FILTER THE UNWANTED MESSAGES FOR OSN

One key issues in the present (OSN) is to give clients a full capacity to control all the messages posted on their own space to keep up a key decent ways from that unwantedthings are showed. Upto now, OSNs offer a little help to the basic. To fill the gap thing, as of now, it has proposed a structure permitting clients to having a brief control over the messages that are posted on their space. This paper comprise of a writing study paper of the current frameworks with proposed framework as a procedure to channel comparative importance words utilizing Ontology alongside the fundamental usefulness to channel the OSN divider for undesirable message. There are different sorts of data sifting techniques specifically Content based separating strategy, Policy based sifting technique and Collaboration sifting strategy.
Inelastic neutron scattering and density functional theory-molecular dynamics study of Si dynamics in Ti3SiC2

Observed differences between measured and calculated elastic constants for Ti3SiC2 are investigated using Density Functional Theory and Inelastic Neutron Scattering. The agreement between the calculated lattice dynamics and the dynamics measured by inelastic neutron scattering is considered good except at energies below ~20 meV where discrepancies suggest anharmonic potentials. This suggestion is confirmed by Density Functional Theory—Molecular Dynamics simulation which shows multiple site occupancy of the Si atoms within the basal plane at finite temperature and produces a calculated inelastic spectrum in better agreement with the measured spectrum in the low-energy region. The highly anharmonic potential energy surface of the Si atoms offers an explanation for the failure of elastic constants, calculated based on the harmonic approximation, to agree with initial experimental measurements.
"Chasing a ghost": Addressing the opalescence/aggregation relationship of an IgG 1 antibody

"Chasing a Ghost" Addressing the Aggregation/Opalescence Relationship in an IgG 1 Antibody by John Champagne University of New Hampshire, May, 2009 This study was conducted to address the aggregation/opalescence relationship of an IgG 1 therapeutic antibody under a variety of conditions. The opalescence characteristics of three antibodies, Mab 1,2 and 3, were examined as a function of salt dependence, protein concentration and temperature, using a variety of biophysical techniques. The high molecular weight species were initially identified using batch static and dynamic light scattering and separated by asymmetric flow field flow fractionation. When the salt dependence was examined, any structural changes were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, circular diehroism and fluorescence, while the association state and temperature dependence was measured by viscometry. The resulting non-ideality was determined using multi-angle light scattering over a range of NaCl and protein concentration, and then used to assess the nature of the noncovalent association. In addition, the valence of the antibody therapeutics was directly measured using capillary electrophoresis and assessed as a predictive tool of non-ideal behavior.
Transcriptomic Analysis of the Reproductive Effects on Immunity in the Clam Meretrix Petechialis During the Breeding Season

Background: Immune defense and reproduction are both physiologically demanding processes, therefore the trade-off is expected between them in breeding season. Although this balance strategy has been extensively studied in many species, it is still rarely noticed in mollusc. Moreover, summer mortality of marine bivalve often occurs during breeding season and reproduction is suspected to play a significant role for the mass death. Results: To address if spawning affects immunity to cause clam death, we performed transcriptome and gene expression analyses in the clam Meretrix petechialis pre-/post-spawning. DEGs enrichment analysis revealed important immune signaling pathways and key genes changed after spawning. Further analysis showed females up-regulated genes involved in apoptosis, TLR signal pathway and heat shock, whereas males down-regulated complement-related genes after spawning. Additionally, both genders of clams up-regulated its immune response level to against Vibrio infection after spawning revealed by the changes of four immune-related DEGs. Conclusions: The spawning indeed affected the clam immune resistance. The immune and defense related genes and pathways obtained here provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms of physiological acclimation and immune response under reproduction-influence and offers some clues to explain the possible reason for clam summer mortality.