Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On-the-Fly Controlled Text Generation with Experts and Anti-Experts

Despite recent advances in natural language generation, it remains challenging to control attributes of generated text. We propose DE X - PERTS : Decoding-time Experts, a decoding-time method for controlled text generation which combines a pretrained language model with “experts” and/or “anti-experts” in an ensemble of language models. Intuitively, under our ensemble, output tokens only get high probability if they are considered likely by the experts, and unlikely by the anti-experts. We apply DE XPERTS to language detoxiﬁcation and sentiment-controlled generation, where we outperform existing controllable generation methods on both automatic and human evaluations. Our work highlights the promise of using LMs trained on text with (un)desired attributes for efﬁcient decoding-time controlled language generation.
The mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between communication skills and practices of preventing infectious diseases among daycare center teachers in South Korea

Purpose This study investigated the practices of preventing infectious diseases by daycare center teachers. The focus was on the mediating effects of self-efficacy in the relationship between communication skills and practices of preventing infectious diseases. Methods This study used a descriptive correlational design. The participants were 164 daycare center teachers. Hierarchical regression was used to test the mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between communication skills and practices of preventing infectious diseases. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression. The mediation effect was analyzed using an SPSS Macro program, PROCESS. Results Significant relationships were found between communication skills and practices of preventing infectious diseases (β=.19, p<.001), self-efficacy and practices of preventing infectious diseases (β=.59, p<.001), and communication skills and self-efficacy (β=.27, p<.001). Self-efficacy had a significant mediating effect (β=.17, 95% confidence interval=0.07-0.29) on practices of preventing infectious diseases. Conclusion In order to improve practices of preventing infectious diseases among daycare teachers, it is necessary to develop and apply interventions and methods that can increase effective communication skills and self-efficacy.
Stem Cell Transplantation in Acute Myeloid Laeukemia

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation represents the only potentially curative therapeutic approach for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. The choice to perform an allogeneic hematopoietic transplant is the result of a decision-making process that considers disease-related factors (AML-risk category and the state of disease at the time of transplant), the type of donor available and his characteristics (HLA compatibility, gender, CMV serostatus) and the individual risk associated with the procedure itself. The choice of the appropriate conditioning regimen depends on the patient’s age and comorbidities. While the introduction of reduced intensity regimen and the availability of alternative donors allows more patients to be eligible for transplantation, myeloablative conditioning remains the standard of care for fit patients. Disease relapse is the leading cause of treatment failure and new strategies attempting at reducing the relapse incidence post transplantation are currently being investigated.
Öğrenme Güçlüğü Olan Öğrenciler ile Düşük ve Ortalama Başarılı Öğrencilerin Matematik Problemi Çözerken Kullandıkları Bilişsel ve Üstbilişsel Stratejilerinin Belirlenmesi

Giris: Ogrencilerin matematik problemi cozmede kullandiklari bilissel ve ustbilissel stratejilerin belirlenmesi problem cozme ogretiminde yapilacak duzenlemeler acisindan onemlidir. Bu arastirmanin amaci altinci sinifa devam eden ogrenme guclugu olan ogrenciler ile dusuk ve ortalama basarili ogrencilerin matematik problemi cozerken kullandiklari bilissel ve ustbilissel stratejileri karsilastirma ve belirtilen stratejiler arasindaki farkliligin incelenmesidir. Yontem: Arastirmaya, kaynastirma ortaminda bulunan ve altinci sinifa devam eden 50 ogrenme guclugu, 50 dusuk basarili ve 50 ortalama basarili olmak uzere toplam 150 ogrenci katilmistir. Ogrenme guclugu olan ogrenciler ile dusuk ve ortalama basarili ogrencilerin kullandiklari bilissel ve ustbilissel stratejileri belirlemek amaciyla Sesli Dusunme Protokolleri kullanilmistir. Arastirma sonucunda elde edilen veriler, ‘R Programlama Dili’ kullanilarak analiz edilmistir. Bulgular: Arastirma sonuclarina gore ogrenme guclugu olan ogrenciler farkli zorluk duzeyinde matematik problemleri cozerken dusuk ve ortalama basarili olan akranlarindan daha az bilissel ve ustbilissel strateji kullandiklari sonucuna ulasilmistir. Tartisma: Arastirmanin sonuclari ilgili alanyazin ve teorik gorusler cercevesinde tartisilmis, ogretmenlere uygulamaya ve alanda calisan arastirmacilara da ileride yapilacak arastirmalara yonelik onerilerde bulunulmustur.
The JCMT Gould Belt Survey: radiative heating by OB stars

Radiative feedback can influence subsequent star formation. We quantify the heating from OB stars in the local star-forming regions in the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) Gould Belt Survey. Dust temperatures are calculated from 450/850 $\mu$m flux ratios from SCUBA-2 observations at the JCMT assuming a fixed dust opacity spectral index β = 1.8. Mean dust temperatures are calculated for each submillimetre clump along with projected distances from the main OB star in the region. Temperature versus distance is fitted with a simple model of dust heating by the OB star radiation plus the interstellar radiation field and dust cooling through optically thin radiation. Classifying the heating sources by spectral type, O-type stars produce the greatest clump average temperature rises and largest heating extent, with temperatures of over 40 K and significant heating out to at least 2.4 pc. Early-type B stars (B4 and above) produce temperatures of over 20 K and significant heating over 0.4 pc. Late-type B stars show a marginal heating effect within 0.2 pc. For a given projected distance, there is a significant scatter in clump temperatures that is due to local heating by other luminous stars in the region, projection effects, or shadowing effects. Even in these local, ‘low-mass’ star-forming regions, radiative feedback is having an effect on parsec scales, with 24 per cent of the clumps heated to at least 3 K above the 15 K base temperature expected from heating by only the interstellar radiation field, and a mean dust temperature for heated clumps of 24 K.
Order in the Court: Explainable AI Methods Prone to Disagreement

By computing the rank correlation between attention weights and feature-additive explanation methods, previous analyses either invalidate or support the role of attention-based explanations as a faithful and plausible measure of salience. To investigate whether this approach is appropriate, we compare LIME, Integrated Gradients, DeepLIFT, Grad-SHAP, Deep-SHAP, and attention-based explanations, applied to two neural architectures trained on single- and pair-sequence language tasks. In most cases, we find that none of our chosen methods agree. Based on our empirical observations and theoretical objections, we conclude that rank correlation does not measure the quality of feature-additive methods. Practitioners should instead use the numerous and rigorous diagnostic methods proposed by the community.
An Analysis of Convergence of Income Inequality in Developed and Developing Countries

Even though income inequality one of the most commonly analyzed topics in economics, there are few studies aiming to examine the convergence in income inequality. By using a balanced panel of 98 countries over the period of 1995 and 2015, we provide empirical evidences of the beta convergence that explains why there is a decrease in inequality levels in countries that have high inequality levels at the start of the study period and an increase in inequality levels for countries that have low inequality levels at the first year of the sample period. The results of the study support the convergence hypothesis in inequality and provide some explanation of the reasons and the tendencies of income inequalities in countries. Thus, it is possible to derive important implications from the results of the study which contributes the convergence/divergence debate.
Penerapan Algoritma Particle Swarm Optimization pada Segmentasi Citra Pengenalan Aksara Bugis

Aksara Bugis merupakan warisan berharga leluhur Suku Bugis yang perlu dilestarikan keberadaannya. Melalui pengembangan sebuah software dengan menerapkan algoritma particle swarm optimization pada segmentasi citra pengenalan aksara Bugis. Penulis berharap mempermudah melakukan proses analisis pengenalan aksara Bugis terutama bagi kalangan remaja yang kini tidak bnyak mengetahuinya. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) merupakan salah satu metode clustering yang dapat digunakan dalam melakukan proses segmentasi citra digital terutama pada segmentasi karakter aksara Bugis. Hasil penelitian ini mempermudah dalam melakukan analisis segmentasi citra digital pada aksara Bugis menggunakan metode Particle Swarm Optimization. Sehingg, dengan menggukan bantuan software tersebut mampu mengenali aksara Bugis dalam bentuk karakter, kata dan teks dengan tingkat akurasi tertentu menggukan bahasa pemprograman tingkat tinggi yaitu MATLAB untuk membantu membuat pengenalan huruf Bugis lebih efektif.
The Impact of Gender Diversity and Disparity on Organizational Performance: Evidence from Korean Local Government-Owned Enterprises

Previous studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the impact of diversity on organizational performance. To address this issue, it is imperative to not only discuss diversity with regard to numerical balance, but also hierarchical composition of groups. We categorized diversity into variety and disparity. Variety refers to the categorical composition of groups and disparity indicates the vertical distribution of power or the power dynamics between groups. Focusing on gender diversity, we conduct empirical research on the impact of diversity on organizational performance. We find that variety as well as disparity, that is, the evenly distributed power between groups, have positive impacts on organizational performance. These results imply that diversity is practically beneficial to organizations with multifaceted characteristics. We suggest that beyond considering the normative view, social movements promoting gender-equal employment in overall levels and managerial positions should emerge and be discussed as a strategy to enhance organizational performance.
Interactions between Phase-Separated Liquids and Membrane Surfaces

Liquid-liquid phase separation has recently emerged as an important fundamental organizational phenomenon in biological settings. Most studies of biological phase separation have focused on droplets that “condense” from solution above a critical concentration, forming so-called “membraneless organelles” suspended in solution. However, membranes are ubiquitous throughout cells, and many biomolecular condensates interact with membrane surfaces. Such membrane-associated phase-separated systems range from clusters of integral or peripheral membrane proteins in the plane of the membrane to free, spherical droplets wetting membrane surfaces to droplets containing small lipid vesicles. In this review, we consider phase-separated liquids that interact with membrane surfaces and we discuss the consequences of those interactions. The physical properties of distinct liquid phases in contact with bilayers can reshape the membrane, and liquid-liquid phase separation can construct membrane-associated protein structures, modulate their function, and organize collections of lipid vesicles dynamically. We summarize the common phenomena that arise in these systems of liquid phases and membranes.
Joint Subcarrier and Power Allocation in MU OFDM DCSK Systems with Noise Reduction

This paper investigates the joint number of subcarriers and power optimization in Multi user Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing based Differential Chaotic Shift Keying systems with noise reduction. We first find a closed-form expression for the optimal number of references in MU OFDM DCSK systems, while existing works only consider the numerical simulations. Moreover, this paper is the first to consider jointly subcarrier and power allocation in the MU OFDM DCSK system by defining a fractional problem. The BER expression of the MU OFDM DCSK system as an objective function is nonconvex and complex, which makes the analytical solution so difficult. We make it tractable by converting the fractional problem into a subtractive form, which leads to a near optimal solution. Simulation results show that our proposed approach provides better BER performance than the existing plans.
Model-Based Evaluation of Air-Side Fouling in Closed-Circuit Cooling Towers

Fouling is a permanent problem in process technology and is estimated to cost 0.25% of the gross national product. Evaporative cooling systems are especially susceptible to air-side fouling: as they work with untreated outside air, they are exposed to both natural (e.g., pollen) and human-made (e.g., industrial dust) contaminants. In addition, suspended solid particles and dissolved salts in the spray water are an issue. In this study we analyzed an approach for fouling detection based on a semi-physical (grey-box) cooling tower model which we calibrated with measurement data. A test series with reliable laboratory data indicates good applicability of the model. In three datasets, the performance decreases due to fouling (scaling, which was provoked intentionally) in the range of 5–11% were clearly detected. When applied to measurement data of two cooling towers in real applications, the model also proved to be well calibratable with relatively little data (two to four operating days). For two data sets, the model yielded reasonable results when applied to long term data: a cooling tower cleaning could be retraced and nominal operation was verified during the remaining time. During the analysis of a third data set a temporary performance deviation was found, which could not be explained with the recorded data. Thus, the approach turned out to be generally applicable but requires further verification and refinement in order to increase the robustness. If successful, it can be transferred to a commercial product for need-oriented maintenance in order to reduce cooling tower operating costs and environmental impact.
Low-Viscosity Ether-Functionalized Ionic Liquids as Solvents for the Enhancement of Lignocellulosic Biomass Dissolution

Due to the substantial usage of fossil fuels, the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass as renewable sources for fuels and chemical production has been widely explored. The dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass in proper solvents is vital prior to the extraction of its important constituents, and ionic liquids (ILs) have been found to be efficient solvents for biomass dissolution. However, the high viscosity of ILs limits the dissolution process. Therefore, with the aim to enhance the dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass, a series of new ether-functionalized ILs with low viscosity values were synthesized and characterized. Their properties, such as density, viscosity and thermal stability, were analyzed and discussed in comparison with a common commercial IL, namely 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl). The presence of the ether group in the new ILs reduces the viscosity of the ILs to some appreciable extent in comparison to BMIMCl. 1-2(methoxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride (MOE-MImCl), which possesses the lowest viscosity value among the other ether-functionalized ILs, demonstrates an ability to be a powerful solvent in the application of biomass dissolution via the sonication method. In addition, an optimization study employing response surface methodology (RSM) was carried out in order to obtain the optimum conditions for maximum dissolution of biomass in the solvents. Results suggested that the maximum biomass dissolution can be achieved by using 3 weight% of initial biomass loading with 40% amplitude of sonication at 32.23 min of sonication period.
Modeling of the Bitcoin Volatility through Key Financial Environment Variables: An Application of Conditional Correlation MGARCH Models

Since the launch of Bitcoin, there has been a lot of controversy surrounding what asset class it is. Several authors recognize the potential of cryptocurrencies but also certain deviations with respect to the functions of a conventional currency. Instead, Bitcoin’s diversifying factor and its high return potential have generated the attention of portfolio managers. In this context, understanding how its volatility is explained is a critical element of investor decision-making. By modeling the volatility of classic assets, nonlinear models such as Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) offer suitable results. Therefore, taking GARCH(1,1) as a reference point, the main aim of this study is to model and assess the relationship between the Bitcoin volatility and key financial environment variables through a Conditional Correlation (CC) Multivariate GARCH (MGARCH) approach. For this, several commodities, exchange rates, stock market indices, and company stocks linked to cryptocurrencies have been tested. The results obtained show certain heterogeneity in the fit of the different variables, highlighting the uncorrelation with respect to traditional safe haven assets such as gold and oil. Focusing on the CC-MGARCH model, a better behavior of the dynamic conditional correlation is found compared to the constant.
Autonomous Navigation of Magnetic Microrobots in a Large Workspace Using Mobile-Coil System

Untethered magnetic miniature robots have attracted much attention in recent years, due to their minimally invasive features in biomedicine and highly flexible traits in micromanipulation. Autonomous control is one of the essential issues for magnetic microrobots, however, which remains challenging, especially for complex and large-workspace environments. To this end, this article proposes a novel navigation framework, using a home-designed eye-in-hand mobile-coil system. A three-step motion planner is designed to know entire surroundings and generate optimal paths, which contains environment reconstruction, position registration, and modified A* path searching. Moreover, a double-loop motion controller is designed to make the microrobot accurately follow the computed path and intelligently avoid collisions: The inner loop performs mechanism following; the outer loop decides appropriate magnetic fields for actuation, which includes a disturbance observer (DOB), a fuzzy logic modifier (FLM), and a model predictive controller (MPC). Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy: Feasible trajectories in a maze-like environment of diameter 230 mm can be planned, and autonomous navigation of microrobot is realized with both global accessibility and local adaptability.
Assessment Protocols of Knee Muscles Spasticity Using the Isokinetic Dynamometer—A Systematic Review

CONTEXT: Spasticity is an increase in resistance to the passive movement of a joint due to an abnormal increase in muscle tone. Considering the difficulty in assessing spasticity accurately, the isokinetic dynamometer is considered a valid measure for assessment of spasticity in multiple joints. OBJECTIVE: Review of assessment protocols of knee muscles spasticity using the isokinetic dynamometer. DATA SOURCES: Research was performed in the PubMed, SciELO, Academic Search Complete and Scopus databases, in English, French and Portuguese language. Studies were included when spasticity assessment protocols with isokinetic dynamometer for knee muscles were applied. STUDY SELECTION: Eligible studies were the ones assessing spasticity with an isokinetic dynamometer protocol in knee muscle groups and excluded those who failed to meet eligibility criteria. DATA EXTRACTION: Two independent reviewers applied the selection criteria to the retrieved studies to limit the number to the final list. DATA SYNTHESIS: A total of 151 studies were retrieved from the literature search and 8 articles met the inclusion criteria. Included studies assessed spasticity with the resource to the isokinetic dynamometer. All studies applied an assessment protocol using isokinetic dynamometer on knee muscle groups. CONCLUSIONS: The isokinetic dynamometer is a valuable tool in the assessment of spasticity and other conditions of tone change, offering more accurate, reliable data, easily to reproduce and to interpret. The resistance torque values have a high correlation with the Ashworth scale reflecting the clinical condition of the muscular tone.
Systematic literature review of food waste in educational institutions: setting the research agenda

In the recent past, academic researchers have noted the quantity of food wasted in food service establishments in educational institutions. However, more granular inputs are required to counter the challenge posed. The purpose of this study is to undertake a review of the prior literature in the area to provide a platform for future research. ,Towards this end, the authors used a robust search protocol to identify 88 congruent studies to review and critically synthesize. The research profiling of the selected studies revealed limited studies conducted on food service establishments in universities. The research is also less dispersed geographically, remaining largely focused on the USA. Thereafter, the authors performed content analysis to identify seven themes around which the findings of prior studies were organized. ,The key themes of the reviewed studies are the drivers of food waste, quantitative assessment of food waste, assessment of the behavioural aspects of food waste, operational strategies for reducing food waste, interventions for inducing behavioural changes to mitigate food waste, food diversion and food waste disposal processes and barriers to the implementation of food waste reduction strategies. ,This study has key theoretical and practical implications. From the perspective of research, the study revealed various gaps in the extant findings and suggested potential areas that can be examined by academic researchers from the perspective of the hospitality sector. From the perspective of practice, the study recommended actionable strategies to help managers mitigate food waste. ,The authors have made a novel contribution to the research on food waste reduction by identifying theme-based research gaps, suggesting potential research questions and proposing a framework based on the open-systems approach to set the future research agenda.