Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the development of a new methodology in sub-surface parameterisation on the calibration of groundwater models

In groundwater modelling, robust parameterisation of sub-surface parameters is crucial towards obtaining an agreeable model performance. Pilot point is an alternative in parameterisation step to correctly configure the distribution of parameters into a model. However, the methodology given by the current studies are considered less practical to be applied on real catchment conditions. In this study, a practical approach of using geometric features of pilot point and distribution of hydraulic gradient over the catchment area is proposed to efficiently configure pilot point distribution in the calibration step of a groundwater model. A development of new pilot point distribution, Head Zonation-based (HZB) technique, which is based on the hydraulic gradient distribution of groundwater flow, is presented. Seven models of seven zone ratios (1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30) using HZB technique were constructed on an eogenetic karst catchment in Rote Island, Indonesia and their performances were assessed. This study also concludes some insights into the trade-off between restricting and maximising the number of pilot points and offers a new methodology for selecting pilot point properties and distribution method in the development of a physically-based groundwater model.
examines seasonal variations of the vertical distribution of aerosols through a statistical analysis of the Cloud ‐ Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations

[1] This study examines seasonal variations of the vertical distribution of aerosols through a statistical analysis of the Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) lidar observations from June 2006 to November 2007. A data‐screening scheme is developed to attain good quality data in cloud‐free conditions, and the polarization measurement is used to separate dust from non‐dust aerosol. The CALIPSO aerosol observations are compared with aerosol simulations from the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation Transport (GOCART) model and aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The CALIPSO observations of geographical patterns and seasonal variations of AOD are generally consistent with GOCART simulations andMODIS retrievals especially near source regions, while the magnitude of AOD shows large discrepancies in most regions. Both the CALIPSO observation and GOCART model show that the aerosol extinction scale heights in major dust and smoke source regions are generally higher than that in industrial pollution source regions. The CALIPSO aerosol lidar ratio also generally agrees with GOCARTmodel within 30% on regional scales. Major differences between satellite observations and GOCART model are identified, including (1) an underestimate of aerosol extinction by GOCART over the Indian sub‐continent, (2) much larger aerosol extinction calculated by GOCART than observed by CALIPSO in dust source regions, (3) much weaker in magnitude and more concentrated aerosol in the lower atmosphere in CALIPSO observation than GOCART model over transported areas in midlatitudes, and (4) consistently lower aerosol scale height by CALIPSO observation than GOCART model. Possible factors contributing to these differences are discussed.
Assessment of the Diversity of the TCP Congestion Control Evaluation Techniques, an Academic Survey of Articles (1989-2009)

The aim of this paper is to statistically analyze the simulation methods and the approach to Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) congestion control schemes evaluation during the year interval of 1989-2009. This work analyzes several evaluation metrics (throughput, intra and inter-protocol fairness, responsiveness, convergence and stability) of some of the most popular congestion control TCP variants published in that period. These metrics are analyzed in terms of total percentage of evaluation, diversity of used units and ways of measurement. Additionally, through specially crafted formulas, the effect of published papers discussing background and reverse traffic and phase effect is quantified. It is clearly visible through the obtained results that often these very important simulation parameters have been neglected. Moreover, the huge diversity in units and aspects of evaluation is quantified.
The Producer as Composer: Shaping the Sounds of Popular Music

In the 1960s, rock and pop music recording questioned the convention that recordings should recreate the illusion of a concert hall setting. The Wall of Sound that Phil Spector built behind various artists and the intricate eclecticism of George Martin's recordings of the Beatles did not resemble live performances -- in the Albert Hall or elsewhere -- but instead created a new sonic world. The role of the record producer, writes Virgil Moorefield in The Producer as Composer, was evolving from that of organizer to auteur; band members became actors in what Frank Zappa called a "movie for your ears. " In rock and pop, in the absence of a notated score, the recorded version of a song -- created by the producer in collaboration with the musicians -- became the definitive version. Moorefield, a musician and producer himself, traces this evolution with detailed discussions of works by producers and producer-musicians including Spector and Martin, Brian Eno, Bill Laswell, Trent Reznor, Quincy Jones, and the Chemical Brothers. Underlying the transformation, Moorefield writes, is technological development: new techniques -- tape editing, overdubbing, compression -- and, in the last ten years, inexpensive digital recording equipment that allows artists to become their own producers. What began when rock and pop producers reinvented themselves in the 1960s has continued; Moorefield describes the importance of disco, hip-hop, remixing, and other forms of electronic music production in shaping the sound of contemporary pop. He discusses the making of Pet Sounds and the production of tracks by Public Enemy with equal discernment, drawing on his own years of studio experience. Much has been written about rock and pop in the last 35 years, but hardly any of it deals with what is actually heard in a given pop song. The Producer as Composer tries to unravel the mystery of good pop: why does it sound the way it does?
The Border Between Business Intelligence And Psychology- Segmentation Based On Customer Behavior

In today’s economy, marketers have been facing two challenging trends: fierce competition between companies offering essentially similar products, and dealing with customers that are increasingly informed and demanding, but less and less loyal. Under these conditions, it has become imperative for managers and for marketing professionals to invest in business intelligence in order to find patterns in the consumers’ behavior that could predict their future buying decisions. In this report we have presented how Decision Support Systems, data analysis and customer segmentation can help companies to know their customers better in order to predict (and influence) their future actions. At the same time, we have argued that Business Intelligence should meet psychology and neurology halfway, and accept that there is a very high emotional subconscious component that produces a high degree of unpredictability in consumers’ behavior.
Different doses of ibuprofen in the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus: a randomized clinical trial

Background : Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common finding among premature or low-birth-weight infants and it often does not close. Nowadays, drugs used for its treatment include indomethacin and more commonly ibuprofen. Oral ibuprofen was recently shown to be as effective and have several important advantages in preterm infants. Studies performed to find the best dose of ibuprofen for PDA treatment are limited; hence, we compared the effects of two different doses of ibuprofen in this interventional study. Methods : In this randomized controlled clinical trial, we randomly divided 60 patients with echocardiographically confirmed PDA into two groups of 30. This study was done in NICU of Valiasr hospital in 1387-89 years. In the first group, we administered a loading dose of 10 mg/kg ibuprofen on the first day, followed by two doses of 5 mg/kg in the next two days. In the second group, we administered a loading dose of 15 mg/kg ibuprofen on the first day followed by two doses of 7.5 mg/kg in next two days. Eventually, we compared PDA closure rates and complications of therapy between the two groups. Results : Thirty (100%) patients in 15-mg/kg group and 23 (76.7%) patients in 10 mg/kg group had successful PDA closure with no need for surgery. The two groups had a statistically significant difference (P=0.011) and the highest response to treatment was seen within the first 24 hours of treatment. Conclusion : We may conclude that higher doses of ibuprofen (15 and 2×7.5 mg/kg) would offer better outcomes for PDA closure without gastrointestinal or renal complications and less need for surgery.
Anthropogenic light is associated with increased vocal activity by nocturnally migrating birds

ABSTRACT Anthropogenic modifications to the natural environment have profound effects on wild animals, through structural changes to natural ecosystems as well as anthropogenic disturbances such as light and noise. For animals that migrate nocturnally, anthropogenic light can interfere with migration routes, flight altitudes, and social activities that accompany migration, such as acoustic communication. We investigated the effect of anthropogenic light on nocturnal migration of birds through the Great Lakes ecosystem. Specifically, we recorded the vocal activity of migrating birds and compared the number of nocturnal flight calls produced above rural areas with ground-level artificial lights compared to nearby areas without lights. We show that more nocturnal flight calls are detected over artificially lit areas. The median number of nocturnal flight calls recorded at sites with artificial lights (31 per night, interquartile range: 15–135) was 3 times higher than at nearby sites without artificial lights (11 per night, interquartile range: 4–39). By contrast, the number of species detected at lit and unlit sites did not differ significantly (artificially lit sites: 6.5 per night, interquartile range: 5.0–8.8; unlit sites: 4.5 per night, interquartile range: 2.0–7.0). We conclude that artificial lighting changes the behavior of nocturnally migrating birds. The increased detections could be a result of ground-level light sources altering bird behavior during migration. For example, birds might have changed their migratory route to pass over lit areas, flown at lower altitudes over lit areas, increased their calling rate over lit areas, or remained longer over lit areas. Our results for ground-level lights correspond to previous findings demonstrating that migratory birds are influenced by lights on tall structures.
Effect of heat treatment on forage quality of bio-fortified orange fleshed Ipomea batatas crop residues and roots

Post-harvest management of sweet potatoes (SP) crop residues preserves nutrients, deactivates inhibitor compounds and improves rumen degradation. The aim of the study was to determine effects of drying crop residues and heating roots on forage value of a bio-fortified orange fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) variety in South Africa. The crop was harvested at maturity and roots separated from crop residues. Roots were washed, sliced and divided into three portions as SProots that were frozen at -4°C for 4 weeks, SP70- oven dried at 70oC for 8 days and SP80 -80oC for 7 days. Aboveground crop residue were separated into portions of vines and leaves (SPVLf) and leaves and petioles only (SPLf). A subsample of each portion was air dried for 7 days (SPVLd and SPLd, respectively). Chemical composition and in sacco organic matter disappearance were determined. Crude protein (CP) was higher (P<0.05) in SPLd (24.9% CP DM) compared to fresh material with 6.5%. Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and insoluble CP (NDFICP) were higher after drying, non-fibre carbohydrates (NFC) declined and vitamin A declined. Effective degradability (ED) was higher than for Lucerne hay and differed between SPVLd and SPLd 77.6% and 81.3% at kp=0.05; respectively. The SProots were low in CP, ether extracts and fibre; had higher NFC (77% DM) and gross energy (4.1 Mcal/kg DM) compared to SP70 and SP80. The SP80 roots had the least NFC (P<0.01) and highest amount of fibre. Calcium, phosphorus and vitamin A were negligible post heating. Rate of degradation (c h-1) and ED was highest with SP80 (0.22 and 91.3%; kp=0.03) and lowest with SProots (0.135 and 81.7%). Drying OFSP crop residues and heating roots affected nutrient profiles however, forage degradability improved. Key words: Sweet potato, vines and leaves, vitamin A, rumen degradation, non-structural carbohydrates.
Outer Geometry Optimization of an Air-to-Air Missile

The aim of the paper herein is to develop efficient optimization-based aerodynamic design for short term air-to-air missile outer geometry. Dimensioning of a product can be performed by trial-and-error process conducted by an experienced designer or by the tests until the requirements are verified. When the computer aided design have been introduced in the design and manufacturing processes, the time spent on making designs are significantly reduced. Optimization methods are also involved in the design processes. They have been developed in order to choose best element from initial set of elements with given objective which has minimizing or maximizing function such as maximizing the product efficiency and minimizing the costs. They basically divide into two categories as gradient and genetic algorithms differing from each other to find the best suitable combination. In aviation industry, many studies have been carried out with implementation of surrogate models on analysis and using design of experiments methods within different optimization algorithms. In this study, body and aerofoil dimensions are determined as outer geometry parameters. These parameters are used as the inputs for flight simulation software in order to calculate aerodynamic parameters. Finally, aerodynamic parameters are used for the guidance simulation of the missile. Surrogate models which are statistical methods and simulate the analyses in order to reduce the calculation times are also used in the optimization process. All codes and simulation programs are integrated in ModeFrontier™ software. ModeFrontier™ is also used for performing different optimization methods such as gradient and genetic based algorithms.
Experimental research on the domestic ORC micro power plant with a commercial biomass boiler

The purpose of the work was to experimentally evaluate the operation of the domestic ORC micro power plant that uses a commercial biomass boiler fueled with wood pellets. The boiler, with a maximum thermal power output of 45kWt, uses a heating jacket and thermal oil as a working medium. The prototypical domestic ORC micro power plant was equipped with a multistage radial-flow microturbine that can generate electricity (2.5kW e at a rotational speed of 24,000 rpm). The microturbine is a key component of the turbogenerator, which was manufactured in oilfree technology. The turbogenerator’s high-speed bearings are lubricated with the low-boiling medium’s vapour. The HFE7100 fluid was used as a working medium in the ORC installation. The paper discusses the thermodynamic conditions to be met for effective operation of the boiler and the results of experimental research. The operating characteristics of the ORC installation and the biomass boiler were presented. Problems that occurred while testing the micro-cogeneration power plant with the boiler and their impact on the electric and thermal efficiency of the cycle were discussed.
Market Integration and Price Transmission in Poultry Products Markets of Punjab, Pakistan

This study seeks to explore the degree of market integration and price transmission in poultry products markets of Punjab. Time series data of daily prices of poultry and egg for about 980 days were collected from Poultry Research Institute Rawalpindi (PRI). The data then manipulated in average weekly prices and converted into 140 observations for the time period of October, 2009 to May- 2012. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test was used to check the stationarity of data. ADF results shows that all variables were stationary at first difference. Johnson Cointegration and Granger Causality techniques were used to analyze the data. Augmented Results revealed that markets of Lahore, Rawalpindi, Faisalabad and Multan were integrated with each other for price transmission and related physical arbitrage. The results of linear Granger Causality analysis led us to the conclusion that regardless of the sample considered, there was uni-directional relationship or in other words short-run uni-directional causality exist between the variables. It is suggested that government should regulate poultry products prices so that benefits could move from big businessman to small ones. Small businessman associations should be established who determine the prices of day-old chicks and egg. In this regard, government should facilitate these associations in regulating their activities. Keywords: Market integration, Cointegration, Granger Causality, Physical arbitrage and Price transmission.
The effects of company taxation in EU accession countries on German multinationals

This paper investigates the efiects of company taxation in European Union (EU) accession countries on German multinational enterprizes. In 2004 and 2007, 10 former socialist eastern European countries joined the EU. While EU integration is asso- ciated with increasingly favorable investment conditions, accession countries also pursue active strategies to attract foreign flrms. In particular, taxes on corporate income have been signiflcantly reduced during the last decade. We analyze whether corporate taxa- tion signiflcantly afiects three aspects of multinational activity in eastern Europe: location decision, investment decision, and capital structure choice. We flnd that local taxes are negatively related to location decisions and investment levels. The analysis of the capital structure conflrms that higher local taxes imply higher debt-to-capital ratios.
Observation of Gait Patterns and Orientation Angles for Development of an Active Ankle-Foot Prosthesis

Abstract Recent studies on ankle-foot prostheses which are commonly used for transtibial amputees have focused on adaptation of the ankle angle of the prosthesis according to ground conditions in order to reduce the difficulties which the patients experience while walking on stairs or a ramp. For adaptation to the various ground conditions (e.g., incline, decline, step, etc.), the ankle-foot prostheses should first recognize the ground conditions as well as the current human motion pattern. For this purpose, the ground reaction forces and orientation angle of the prosthesis provide fundamental information. The measurement of the orientation angle, however, creates a challenge in practice. Although various sensors, such as accelerometers and gyroscopes, can be utilized to measure the orientation angles of the prosthesis, none of these sensors can be used as a sole sensing mechanism due to their intrinsic drawbacks. A number of sensor-fusion methods have been proposed to address this issue. In this paper, a time-varying complementary filtering (TVCF) method is proposed to incorporate the measurements from an accelerometer and a gyroscope to obtain a precise orientation angle. The cut-off frequency of TVCF is adaptively determined according to the human motion phase. The performance of the proposed method is verified by experiments.
Physics of attosecond pulses produced via high harmonic generation

The physics of extreme ultraviolet attosecond pulse trains generated during the interaction between an intense laser pulse and a gas medium is presented, including a simple model based on the solution of the classical equations of motion of an electron in an oscillating laser field. The reconstruction of attosecond beating by the interference of a two-photon transition is described and used to determine the pulse duration of the emitted attosecond pulses. This application is the basis of a laboratory practical for a graduate atomic physics course.
EAES: Extended Advanced Encryption Standard with Extended Security

A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Received: 29 March, 2018 Accepted: 24 April, 2018 Online :20 May, 2018 Though AES is the highest secure symmetric cipher at present, many attacks are now effective against AES too which is seen from the review of recent attacks of AES. This paper describes an extended AES algorithm with key sizes of 256, 384 and 512 bits with round numbers of 10, 12 and 14 respectively. Data block length is 128 bits, same as AES. But unlike AES each round of encryption and decryption of this proposed algorithm consists of five stages except the last one which consists of four stages. Unlike AES, this algorithm uses two different key expansion algorithms with two different round constants that ensure higher security than AES. Basically, this algorithm takes one cipher key and divides the selected key of two separate sub-keys: FirstKey and SecondKey. Then expand them through two different key expansion schedules. Performance analysis shows that the proposed extended AES algorithm takes almost same amount of time to encrypt and decrypt the same amount of data as AES but with higher security than AES.
Streakline-based closed-loop control of a bluff body flow

A novel closed-loop control methodology is introduced to stabilize a cylinder wake flow based on images of streaklines. Passive scalar tracers are injected upstream the cylinder and their concentration is monitored downstream at certain image sectors of the wake. An AutoRegressive with eXogenous inputs mathematical model is built from these images and a Generalized Predictive Controller algorithm is used to compute the actuation required to stabilize the wake by adding momentum tangentially to the cylinder wall through plasma actuators. The methodology is new and has real-world applications. It is demonstrated on a numerical simulation and the provided results show that good performances are achieved.