Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biased Representation of Politicians in Google and Wikipedia Search? The Joint Effect of Party Identity, Gender Identity and Elections

ABSTRACT Web search engines have become an important and trusted source when people seek political information. Even though previous research suggests that information about politicians in traditional and new media can provide content that makes stereotypes based on gender and party, little is known about the presence of such bias in search engines, which function as information gatekeepers in the digital age. Using quantitative text analysis and human coding techniques on a novel data set of members of the German parliament, this study examines whether search engine suggestions, i.e. search predictions, for politicians differ with respect to personal and role-oriented information based on the gender and party of the politician. It also explores whether the search engine representation of politicians changes around elections. The study further compares gender and party differences in search engine results with corresponding Wikipedia articles of the same politicians, as users are most often redirected to Wikipedia from Google. The results suggest that politicians’ representation in search engines and Wikipedia are structured by a joint effect of their gender and party identity. While Google suggestions provide less personal information about female politicians belonging to a right-wing party compared to their male counterparts, this relationship is not observable for left-wing parties. Moreover, there are changes in gender biases around the election. In Wikipedia articles, politicians belonging to right-wing parties are represented with more personal information compared to politicians belonging to left ones, an effect which is even stronger for females.
Compact triple-band bandpass filter using multi-mode HMSIW cavity and half-mode DGS

Abstract In this paper, a triple-band bandpass filter using a multi-mode half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) cavity is presented. In this design, back-to-back connected half-mode defected ground structure (DGS) is loaded into the HMSIW cavity, which generates the first passband. The first four modes of HMSIW cavity are TM110, TM120, TM310, and TM320. They have been used to generate second and third passbands. The slot line perturbation is used to shift the modes close to each other. Here, TM110 and TM120 constitute second passband, and TM310 and TM320 give third passband. Moreover, the notch band is designed using embedded open-circuited stub to improve the attenuation between the second and third passbands. The proposed filter is designed and fabricated on RT/Duroid 5880 substrate with a thickness of 0.508 mm. The measured results are in line with simulated ones for each of the passbands, and the center frequencies are 6.28, 13, and 19.12 GHz.
Electric-field-induced reorientation of ferroelectric micro- and nano-platelets in the nematic liquid crystal

ABSTRACT We demonstrate that ferroelectric layered perovskite Bi3.8Nd0. 2Ti3O12 micro-platelets can be reoriented in the nematic liquid crystal by the linear coupling to an external electric field. The electric dipole moment of platelets is perpendicular to the plane of platelets and provides torque that rotates the platelets. The experiments were made in dispersions of ferroelectric platelets in a zero dielectric anisotropy nematic liquid crystal (LC), which excludes the reorientation of the dispersion via the dielectric coupling of a LC. Typical reorientation times for micrometre-size ferroelectric platelets are of the order of 100 ms for 0.5 V/μm applied electric field. The electric dipole moment in the absence of external field is very small and does not contribute to the force between the platelets. This could be either due to very narrow hysteresis loop of the ferroelectric material, or screening of dipolar electric field by ions in the LC. A stable and homogenous dispersion of ferroelectric nano-platelets could not be observed in any range of platelets’ concentration. To create a ferroelectric LC the shape and thickness of the nano-platelets has to be controlled, and the electrostatic screening of dipolar field should be minimised. Graphical abstract
Effects of vegetation pattern and of biochar and powdery soil amendments on soil loss by wind in a semi‐arid region

Dust emission from wind erosion is a widespread phenomenon in arid and semi‐arid areas having considerable implications for ecosystems and human well‐being. However, few studies have examined the efficiency of biochar amended to soil on wind erosion control. Aimed at studying the effect of biochar on resistance of soils against wind erosion, a wind tunnel experiment was conducted. We tested (a) soils amended with hard waste walnut wood biochar and soft maize cob biochar, and (b) soils amended with powdery waste wood and powdery maize cob, and compared them with (c) non‐treated soil, in their susceptibility to wind erosion and also the additional effect of various patterns of vegetation cover. Amending soil with biochar and powdery material did significantly increase their resilience to wind erosion because of increased soil aggregation. In comparison with the non‐treated control, the mass flux of un‐vegetated soil reduced from 4.42 to 1.86 g m−2 s−1 for the waste walnut wood biochar, from 4.28 to 1.50 g m−2 s−1 for maize cob biochar, from 4.11 to 1.44 g m−2 s−1 for powdery maize cob and from 3.97 to 1.14 g m−2 s−1 for powdery waste walnut wood. When combining amendments with vegetation, there was still a substantial improvement, though the soil treatments responded differently in terms of soil loss to different vegetation patterns. A single row vegetation pattern had the highest mass flux, while a zigzag vegetation pattern had the lowest. In conclusion, waste wood or maize cobs, whether applied as biochar or as powdery material, are able to fix soil and reduce wind erosion.
Successful Aging in Small Enterprises: Entrepreneurship, Job Demands-Resources, and Health

Successful aging at work is an important topic which is pertinent to everyone who works to make a living because getting older is unavoidable. The objective of this paper is to draw on Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model to explore successful aging in the field of entrepreneurship. A conceptual approach was used to examine the successful aging in the field of entrepreneurship. Building on JD-R model, older workers who pursue entrepreneurship may have improved mental and physical health and obtain successful aging at work. The current study developed a theoretical foundation to explore successful aging in the field of entrepreneurship and offered suggestions for future research.
Construction of the developing connecting tree

A problem of linking vertices (objects) by a connecting tree is studied under the condition that objects appear at different given times. In this case, the target function depends not only on the total length of the connecting tree but also on the times of constructing its fragments. This problem is shown to be NP-complete even when the linking is done without intermediate vertices. In this article, some necessary conditions of optimality of the developing connecting tree are formulated.
Translational Control by Ribosome Pausing in Bacteria: How a Non-uniform Pace of Translation Affects Protein Production and Folding

Protein homeostasis of bacterial cells is maintained by coordinated processes of protein production, folding, and degradation. Translational efficiency of a given mRNA depends on how often the ribosomes initiate synthesis of a new polypeptide and how quickly they read the coding sequence to produce a full-length protein. The pace of ribosomes along the mRNA is not uniform: periods of rapid synthesis are separated by pauses. Here, we summarize recent evidence on how ribosome pausing affects translational efficiency and protein folding. We discuss the factors that slow down translation elongation and affect the quality of the newly synthesized protein. Ribosome pausing emerges as important factor contributing to the regulatory programs that ensure the quality of the proteome and integrate the cellular and environmental cues into regulatory circuits of the cell.
Decisional Factors Driving Household Food Waste Prevention: Evidence from Taiwanese Families

Although previous studies have discussed food waste at the household level and the antecedents of food disposal in western countries, very few studies have investigated food waste practices in Asian countries at the household or individual levels. As the food waste issue has drawn considerable concerns, the aim of this study was to examine how moral norms, perceived behavioral control, and food choices affect household food waste under the mediating role of household storing and cooking routines, as well as the moderating role of unplanned events. A questionnaire survey of Taiwanese families eventually obtained 954 valid questionnaires for analysis. Overall model fit and the study hypotheses were tested by structural equation modeling method (SEM). The SEM results showed that household storing and cooking routines significantly mediate the effects of moral norms and food choices on household food waste. Moreover, the moderating effect of unplanned events is statistically significant, indicating that under a higher degree of unplanned events, families are less likely to reduce food waste through household storage practices and cooking routines. Several implications and suggestions are also discussed for the reduction of household food waste.
Press “A” for Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture: A Review

Agriculture is the backbone of the developing country. In old era agriculture was based on the experience which was shared by people to people but in this digital era technology play a very important and significant role in agriculture. Now agriculture become a business hub therefore farmers are focusing on precision farming. They introduced the technology in agriculture to define the accurate information about seed, soil, weather, disease and all factors which affecting the farming. Artificial Intelligence uses predictive analysis, image analysis, learning techniques and Pattern analysis to declare the best cost effective and maximum gain for the agriculturist. The aim of this paper is to provide the crucial information with the help of technology which a farmers can use to harvest the variety of crops as per the demand in world so that they can get maximum benefits.
Defense Against Adversarial Examples Using Quality Recovery for Image Classification

Adversarial examples can be used to exploit vulnerabilities in neural networks and threaten their sensitive applications. Adversarial attacks are evolving daily, and are rapidly rendering defense methods that assume speciﬁc attacks obsolete. This paper proposes a new defense method that does not assume a speciﬁc adversarial attack, and shows that it can be used eﬃciently to protect a network from a variety of adversarial attacks. Adversarial perturbations are small values; consequently, an image quality recovery method is considered to be an eﬀective way to remove adversarial perturbations because such a method often includes a smoothing eﬀect. The proposed method, called the denoising-based perturbation removal network (DPRNet), aims to eliminate perturbations generated by an adversarial attack for image classiﬁcation tasks. DPRNet is an encoder–decoder network that excludes adversarial images during training and can reconstruct a correct image from an adversarial image. To optimize DPRNet’s parameters for eliminating adversarial perturbations, we also propose a new perturbation removal loss (PRloss) metric, which consists of a reconstructed loss and a Kullback–Leibler divergence loss that expresses the class probability distribution diﬀerence between an original image and a reconstructed image. To remove adversarial perturbation, the proposed network is trained using various types of distorted images considering the proposed PRloss metric. Thus, DPRNet eliminates image perturbations, allowing the images to be classiﬁed easily. We evaluate the proposed method using the MNIST, CIFAR-10, SVHN, and Caltech 101 datasets and show that the proposed defense method invalidates 99.8%, 95.1%, 98.7%, and 96.0% of the adversarial images that are generated by several adversarial attacks in the MNIST, CIFAR-10, SVHN, and Caltech 101 datasets, respectively.
Typhoon Haikui Induced Sea Surface Temperature Cooling and Rainfall Influence over Zhejiang Coastal Waters

Typhoon is composing of strong winds causing upwelling/mixing of sea water, which reduces Sea Surface Temperature (SST). SST cooling depends on intensity and translation speed of typhoon. In this paper, typhoon Haikui induced SST cooling variations were analyzed with satellite-derived data. Typhoon produces SST cooling in both sides of the track, right side cooling is due to upwelling/mixing (depends on the intensity of the typhoon) and rainfall induces SST cooling in the left side. Typhoon Haikui induced SST cooling over the coastal region is found about 1.9°C due to lower translation speed leading to upwelling, also due to rainfall. The spatial extent of the cooler SST increased after typhoon landfall, especially over coastal regions. SST cooling over study area is having an inverse relation with typhoon translation speed as well as rainfall. Due to heavy rainfall and air-sea interaction process, SST cooling is higher at coastal waters and cool waters persisted for few days after typhoon landfall
Fog-based Spider Web Algorithm to Overcome Latency in Cloud Computing

The cloud-users are getting impatient by experiencing the delays in loading the content of the web applications over the internet, which is usually caused by the complex latency while accessing the cloud datacenters distant from the cloud-users. It is becoming a catastrophic situation in availing the services and applications over the cloud-centric network. In cloud, workload is distributed across the multiple layers which also increases the latency. Time-sensitive Internet of Things (IoT) applications and services, usually in a cloud platform, are running over various virtual machines (VM’s) and possess high complexities while interacting. They face difficulties in the consolidations of the various applications containing heterogenetic workloads. Fog computing takes the cloud computing services to the edge-network, where computation, communication and storage are within the proximity to the end-user’s edge devices. Thus, it utilizes the maximum network bandwidth, enriches the mobility, and lowers the latency. It is a futuristic, convenient and more reliable platform to overcome the cloud computing issues. In this manuscript, we propose a Fog-based Spider Web Algorithm (FSWA), a heuristic approach which reduces the delays time (DT) and enhances the response time (RT) during the workflow among the various edge nodes across the fog network. The main purpose is to trace and locate the nearest f-node for computation and to reduce the latency across the various nodes in a network. Reduction of latency will enhance the quality of service (QoS) parameters, smooth resource distribution, and services availability. Latency can be an important factor for resource optimization issues in distributed computing environments. In comparison to the cloud computing, the latency in fog computing is much improved.
Bipolar neutrosophic distance measure in multi-attribute decision making

Bipolar neutrosophic set(BNS) is a generalization of bipolar fuzzy set and neutrosophic set that can describe the uncertain information from both positive and negative perspectives. In this contribution, we study the multi-attribute decision making methods based on the distance measure under the uncertain information which the attribute weights are incompletely known or completely unknown. We first propose the distance measures of the bipolar neutrosophic sets and analyze the properties of the distance measures. Then, based on the bipolar neutrosophic information, we establish the programming models to derive the attribute weights of the alternatives. Furthermore, we give the multi-attribute decision making method using the distance measure under the environment of BNS. At last, we give a practical application and the result shows the reasonable and effective of the proposed method in dealing with decision making problems.
Detecting and Preventing Defensive Reactions Toward Persuasive Information on Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Using Induced Eye Movements

Objective: Persuasive messages regarding fruit and vegetable consumption often meet defensive reactions from recipients, which may lower message effectiveness. Individual differences in emotion regulation and gender are expected to predict these reactions. In the working memory account of persuasion, inducing voluntary eye movements during the processing of the auditory persuasive information might prevent defensiveness and thereby increase message effectiveness. Methods: Participants in two independently recruited samples from the general population (n = 118 and n = 99) listened to a negatively framed auditory persuasive message advocating fruit and vegetable consumption. Half of them were asked to keep following a regularly moving stimulus on their screen with their eyes. At pretest, the individual differences of cognitive self-affirmation inclination (CSAI) and gender were assessed to predict defensive reactions. Results: In Study 1, induced eye movements significantly increased self-reported consumption after 2 weeks when CSAI was low, but only in males, as indicated by a significant three-way interaction (p < 0.001). With negative self-evaluative emotions as dependent variable, this three-way interaction was also significant (p < 0.05), suggesting that induced eye movements prevented defensiveness in low CSAI males. Study 2 did not assess consumption but replicated the latter three-way interaction (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The studies replicated our earlier findings regarding the moderating effects of individual differences in emotion regulation (i.e., CSAI) on persuasion, but they also revealed gender differences in persuasion that are related to the working memory. The working memory account of persuasion provides new theoretical as well as practical angles on persuasion to target individuals in persuasion to increase fruit and vegetable consumption.
Analysis and design of LLC resonant converter with variable magnetising inductance control

A conventional pulse frequency modulation (PFM) controlled LLC resonant converter requires a wide switching frequency operating range to regulate the output voltage. There are some disadvantages of PFM LLC resonant converters: (i) the design and optimisation of magnetic components and gate driver circuitry are challenging; (ii) due to the variable switching frequency operating range, electro-magnetic interference performance of the converter is degraded; (iii) efficiency degradation; (iv) inability to achieve independent control in multiple-output applications. To address the above-mentioned problems and achieve fixed switching frequency operation, a variable magnetising inductance control (VMIC) strategy is proposed. In the proposed VMIC control strategy, the operating switching frequency of the primary switch is fixed and the duty cycle remains constant at 0.5. At the resonant frequency operating point, the output voltage is independent of both the magnetising inductance and load. In addition, the zero current turn-off operation of the secondary rectifier requires that the switching frequency be designed below the resonant frequency. The operational principles and design considerations of the LLC resonant converter with VMIC are presented. Experimental results from a 200 W prototype are presented to validate the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed VMIC control strategy.
Quantum thermal transistor: a unified method from weak to strong internal coupling

We investigate the performance of a three-qubits quantum thermal transistor using coarse-graining, global, and local master equations, respectively. Special attention is paid to the validity of the three methods in different internal coupling strengths. The effects of system and bath parameters on the amplification effect are studied. It is found that small middle qubit frequency, weak internal coupling, and symmetric configuration of system-bath coupling lead to large amplification factor. The heat current amplification mechanism is discussed and quantum coherence does not contribute to amplification. Besides, the thermal transistor is realized by tuning the temperature of the middle bath, the temperature of the left bath, or the internal coupling strength.
A Review of Technology-Supported Classroom Observation in Teaching Evaluation

A variety of classroom observation tools have been designed in recent decades. It is confusing for educational practitioners to choose the appropriate tool in specific teaching contexts. This paper reviews relevant studies on classroom observation nationally and internationally in the past two decades. By comparing the dimensions of classroom observation, this study summarizes the research trends and notices that it is important to be aware of the cultural differences of different classroom observation frameworks. The following issues were then identified: (1) the concept of classroom observation research method is vague and the dimensions of the evaluation system are not sufficient to reflect the real classroom situation; (2) the evaluation method lacks flexibility; (3) evaluators' bias influences the results of analysis; and (4)most studies over-focus on quantitative research and neglect qualitative evaluation. The findings of this study are expected to provide deeper insights on classroom teaching and to guide the design of smart teaching analysis tools in the future.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLE FROM COUROUPITA GUIANENSIS LEAF EXTRACT AND ITS EFFECT ON CLINICAL PATHOGENS

Objective: In this study, a rapid and simple approach was applied for the synthesis of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) from aqueous leaf extract of Couroupita guianensis. The plant extract acts as an antimicrobial agent and is also used to synthesis AgNP. Methods: Ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectrophotometer was used to characterize synthesized AgNP and to identify the compounds responsible for the reduction of silver ions, the functional groups present in plant extract were investigated by Fourier transform infrared. Agar well diffusion method was used for the antibacterial activity of synthesized AgNPs. Results: UV–visible spectrophotometer showed an absorbance peak in the range of 405 nm. The AgNPs showed antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus sp, Klebsiella sp, and Pseudomonas sp. Conclusion: Nowadays, silver-based topical dressing has been widely used as a treatment for infections such as wounds, burns, and chronic ulcer.