Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physiotherapy Students’ Experiences of Role-Emerging Placements: A Qualitative Study

Role-emerging placements (REPs) have been firmly embedded in undergraduate occupational therapy curricula for a number of years. REPs aim to facilitate the development of essential professional skills to prepare students for an increasingly diverse and evolving workplace. In the United Kingdom, the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy (CSP) has also emphasized the importance of adequately preparing graduates for new and emerging areas of practice. To date, however, there has been no published research exploring the use of REPs in physiotherapy. This study aimed to explore the experiences of undergraduate physiotherapy students who had each undertaken a REP. Six participants volunteered to take part in a focus group which used a research informed semi-structured topic guide. Group discussions were digitally recorded and professionally transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis of the data revealed five main themes: (1) Establishing a Physiotherapy Role Independently; (2) Finding a Voice and Influencing Change; (3) Developing Professional Identity; (4) Professional Development and (5) Support. The findings highlighted the variability of student experiences in REP settings, both positive and negative. However, all appeared to result in professional and personal benefits for the students, through promoting graduate attributes and skills that may be attractive to employers.
Single‐joint eccentric knee extension training preferentially trains the rectus femoris within the quadriceps muscles

Eccentric contraction‐induced quadriceps strains, particularly in the rectus femoris (RF), frequently occur in sports. By using MRI‐based transverse relaxation time (T2) as an index of exercise‐induced muscle edema, previous studies found pronounced damage in RF after an acute single‐joint eccentric knee extension exercise. This study examined whether single‐joint eccentric knee extension training would preferentially train RF, resulting in greater hypertrophy of RF than the other quadriceps muscles. Twelve males conducted work‐matched single‐joint isokinetic (180°/s) maximal eccentric contractions of the knee extensors in one leg (ECC‐leg) and concentric in the other (CON‐leg), six sets/session (3‐5 sets in the initial 1‐3 sessions), two sessions/wk for 10 weeks. Muscle volume of each quadriceps was measured pre‐ and post‐training. T2 of each muscle was assessed weekly throughout the training period and pre‐ and post‐training. Muscle volume significantly increased in all muscles in ECC‐leg only, with a greater degree for RF (+7.3%) than the vasti (2.9%‐3.7%). T2 did not change in all muscles throughout. These results suggest that RF can be preferentially trained by single‐joint eccentric knee extension training. Cooperatively with the potential repeated bout effect (ie, protective effect) in eccentric exercise, this training modality would have positive implications for strain injury prevention of RF.
iPad use to Enhance Conversations between Persons with Dementia and their Family Caregivers

Electronic conversational memory notebooks, a more current application of previous hardcopy versions, consist of personally relevant photographs and accompanying sentences. The notebooks help persons with dementia access memories during conversations. Person-centred communication (PCC) recognizes the individual, accommodating for personal beliefs and intentions. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether persons with dementia and their family caregivers could be educated and trained to use PCC while using an iPad-based electronic conversational memory notebook. Seven persons with mild to moderate dementia and their family caregiver completed the six-week study. Participants were educated and trained to use PCC while conversing on 40 family photos uploaded to iPads. Results showed that persons with dementia and their family caregivers significantly increased PCC use post education and training. The findings indicate that conversing on family photos using an electronic conversational memory notebook can elicit PCC between persons with dementia and their family caregivers.
Risk factors for death, stroke, and bleeding in 28,628 patients from the GARFIELD-AF registry: Rationale for comprehensive management of atrial fibrillation

Background The factors influencing three major outcomes–death, stroke/systemic embolism (SE), and major bleeding–have not been investigated in a large international cohort of unselected patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods and results In 28,628 patients prospectively enrolled in the GARFIELD-AF registry with 2-year follow-up, we aimed at analysing: (1) the variables influencing outcomes; (2) the extent of implementation of guideline-recommended therapies in comorbidities that strongly affect outcomes. Median (IQR) age was 71.0 (63.0 to 78.0) years, 44.4% of patients were female, median (IQR) CHA2DS2-VASc score was 3.0 (2.0 to 4.0); 63.3% of patients were on anticoagulants (ACs) with or without antiplatelet (AP) therapy, 24.5% AP monotherapy, and 12.2% no antithrombotic therapy. At 2 years, rates (95% CI) of death, stroke/SE, and major bleeding were 3.84 (3.68; 4.02), 1.27 (1.18; 1.38), and 0.71 (0.64; 0.79) per 100 person-years. Age, history of stroke/SE, vascular disease (VascD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) were associated with the risks of all three outcomes. Congestive heart failure (CHF) was associated with the risks of death and stroke/SE. Smoking, non-paroxysmal forms of AF, and history of bleeding were associated with the risk of death, female sex and heavy drinking with the risk of stroke/SE. Asian race was associated with lower risks of death and major bleeding versus other races. AC treatment was associated with 30% and 28% lower risks of death and stroke/SE, respectively, compared with no AC treatment. Rates of prescription of guideline-recommended drugs were suboptimal in patients with CHF, VascD, or CKD. Conclusions Our data show that several variables are associated with the risk of one or more outcomes, in terms of death, stroke/SE, and major bleeding. Comprehensive management of AF should encompass, besides anticoagulation, improved implementation of guideline-recommended therapies for comorbidities strongly associated with outcomes, namely CHF, VascD, and CKD. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01090362
Randomized Comparison of Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty and Medical Therapy in Stable Survivors of Acute Myocardial Infarction With Single Vessel Disease

Background— Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of the infarct-related artery in stable survivors of acute myocardial infarction is often performed, even in patients without any symptoms or residual ischemia. Despite the lack of randomized studies, it is widely believed that this intervention will improve the clinical outcome of these patients. Methods and Results— Three hundred patients with single vessel disease of the infarct vessel and no or minor angina pectoris in the subacute phase (1 to 6 weeks) after an acute myocardial infarction were randomized to angioplasty (n=149) or medical therapy (n=151). Primary end point was the survival free of reinfarction, (re)intervention, coronary artery bypass surgery, or readmission for severe angina pectoris at 1 year. The event-free survival at 1 year was 82% in the medical group and 90% in the angioplasty group (P=0.06). This difference was mainly driven by the difference in the need for (re)interventions (20 versus 8, P=0.03). At long-term follow-u.
Molecular Analysis of Klebsiella Pneumoniae Isolated from UTI Patients in Erbil City

Fifty isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were identified using cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. Three-hundred and fifty urine samples were collected from patients with urinary tract infection admitted to Hawler Teaching, Rizgary, Raparin and West Emergency hospitals in Erbil city during the period of 2nd of June to 5th of October 2012. Antibiotic sensitivity testing performed for all isolates using amikacin (AK30), ampicillin (AMP10), aztreonam (ATM30), Cefixime (CFM5), Ceftriaxone (CI30), Ciprofloxacin (CIP30), Cefoxitin (CN30), Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (COT25), Cefotaxime (CTX5), Gentamicin (GEN10), Imipenem (IPM10), Nalidixic acid (NA30), Nitrofurantoin (NIT300), Norfloxacin (NOR10) and Trimethoprim (TMP5). The resistance percentage of the isolates were (8, 100, 64, 52, 60, 20, 86, 50, 60, 34, 0, 24, 58, 24 and 60) %, respectively. Plasmid profiling was done for all isolates and it was revealed that 48% contained one plasmid, 44% possessed two plasmids, 6% had three plasmids and 2% of the isolates contained four plasmids. The process of transformation was done for the laboratory strain Escherichia coli DH5α by using purified plasmid of the most resistant isolate (K50) to determine the location of the genes which are responsible for resistance to antibiotics in that isolate. The transformed colonies appear to be resistant to the following antibiotics (AMP10, CFM5 and CTX5) which indicated that the genes encoding resistance to these antibiotics were located on transferrable plasmid.
The interaction of the p85 subunit of PI3K with rab proteins

The p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3’-kinase (PI3K) has long been thought of as a regulatory subunit that has no other function than the regulation of the p110 catalytic subunit. Our laboratory is studying other roles of the p85 subunit, in particular determining the role of the p85 BH domain. The BH domain has homology to GTPase activating protein (GAP) domains that are involved in the stimulation of monomeric G proteins to hydrolyze their bound GTP to GDP. This converts the G protein from its active conformation to its inactive conformation. We have determined that p85 interacts with Rab proteins, monomeric G proteins that regulate vesicle fusion during the endocytosis of receptors. We have shown that p85 binds to Rab5 regardless of nucleotide-bound state of Rab5. The p85 subunit of PI3K has in vitro GAP activity towards Rab5. It was determined that p85 also has in vitro GAP activity towards Rab4, Rab7, Rab6 as well as the Rho-family G proteins, Rac1 and Cdc42. This GAP activity was localized to the BH domain of p85 and mutation of Arg 274 to Ala abolishes the GAP activity of p85. When this p85R274A mutant was expressed in cells, PDGFR degradation was severely inhibited and there was a corresponding increase in the duration of MAPK and Akt signalling. This increase in cell signalling caused a transformed phenotype in cells expressing the p85 protein with the Arg 274 mutation. These cells have lost contact inhibition for growth, are able to grow independent of attachment as well as in the presence of limited growth factors. They also form tumours in nude mice. These cellular effects seem to be due to an increase in receptor recycling
Genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. isolated from young domestic ruminants in some targeted areas of India

Faecal samples (363) from kids, lambs, calves and buffalo calves of below 3 months of age were collected from various parts of India and screened microscopically for Cryptosporidium oocysts using modified Ziehl–Neelsen method of staining. Microscopically positive samples (20) were genotyped by PCR amplification of the partial 18S rRNA region and subsequent digestion by SspI, VspI and MboII restriction enzymes. Based on the PCR-RFLP patterns of 18S rRNA, all the 20 samples were found positive for C. parvum. All the positive samples were also used for amplification of partial actin gene of Cryptosporidium spp. For further confirmation of the species of Cryptosporidium, amplified 818 bp partial actin gene of 3 representative isolates was cloned and sequenced. The sequence and phylogenetic analysis of PCR-positive samples confirmed the presence of C. parvum. Thus, actin gene can also be used for specific molecular diagnosis of Cryptosporidium spp. , in addition to 18S rRNA. These findings also indicated that young domestic ruminants can be a potent source of cryptosporidial infection for humans and animals in India.
Comparison of predictive equations for resting metabolic rate in Hispanic women

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) prediction equations were developed predominantly from Caucasians. Study evaluated ten RMR prediction equations against measured values in Hispanic women. RMR was measured twice by indirect calorimetry for 38 Hispanic women (age 29.4 ± 6.8 y; BMI 28.9 ± 7.2 kg/m2; mean body fat 41.7 ± 8.0 %). Percent difference (actual and absolute) was calculated between predicted and measured RMR as a % of measured RMR. Prediction accuracy defined the % of participants where predicted RMR was ± 10% of measured RMR. Repeated measures ANOVA and LSD post‐hoc tests compared measured RMR and predicted RMR. Percent difference (absolute) for Owen et al. (5.5 ± 5.0 %), Bernstein (6.5 ± 3.9 %), Mifflin‐St. Jeor (10.2 ± 7.7%), and Robertson‐Reid (10.5 ± 6.8%) was 10% (measured RMR 1322 ± 203 kcal/d; Owen 1366 ± 142 kcal/d; Bernstein 1252 ± 145 kcal/d; Mifflin‐St. Jeor 1451 ± 209 kcal/d; Robertson‐Reid 1446 ± 173 kcal/d). Other equations overestimated RMR by > 10%. Prediction accuracy ranged from 14.3–89.5%, with overestimation more common than underestimation errors. Nine RMR predicted estimates were different from measured RMR (p<0.01, repeated measures ANOVA); no significant difference found between measured RMR and Owen et al. estimate. Most prediction equations failed to accurately measure RMR in Hispanic women. More research needed to validate RMR equations within other ethnic groups.
Prospective Evaluation of Transconjuctival Muller’s Muscle Resection for Minimal Congenital Ptosis with Relation to Phenylephrine test at a Tertiary Care Centre

1 Professor and Head, Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Nagpur Ph no: 9767763466, Email: dr.ashokmadan@gmail.com 2 Junior Resident, Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Nagpur Ph no: 8855884399, Email: drswarna17@gmail.com 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Nagpur 4 Assistant Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Nagpur Email: dr.milind_21@yahoo.co.in, Ph no: 9555930395 *Corresponding Author Dr Minal Vyawahare Ph no: 9881563456, Email: drminalvyawahare@yahoo.com Abstract Aim: To evaluate results of transconjuncunctival muller’s muscle resection for congenital ptosis with phenylepherine test. Methods: This was a prospective study carried out at a tertiary care center in Central India. All patients with mild to moderate congenital ptosis were enrolled and any patient with previous surgery and corneal pathologies were excluded. MRD1, MRD2, amount of ptosis, Levator palpebrae superioris action and effect of phenylephrine test was noted. Graded transconjuctival muller’s muscle resection was performed. Preoperative and post-operative parameters were compared. Data tabulated and analysis done. Results: In the present study, total 21 patients were included with age ranging from 7 years to 26 years. In 12 cases only right eye was involved and in 9 cases left eye was affected. Female preponderance was observed. Average amount of ptosis was 2mm, average amount of phenylephrine improvement was 1.52mm. Muller muscle resection was carried out as 6 mm in 8 cases, 8 mm in 11 cases and 10 mm in 2 cases, each respectively. Levator palpebral superioris muscle action was in range from 8 mm to 15 mm with average of 10 mm. None of the cases required resurgery. Conclusion: The study concluded that muller’s muscle transconjunctival surgery is very predictable surgery for mild to moderate ptosis with good levator function. Phenylephrine test helps to decide the plan and increases the predictability.
Importance of urban seasonal waterlogged areas for resident and migrant waterbird species

The urban seasonal waterlogged areas are the undeveloped residential landscape which received the water through domestic sewage, rainfall drain and industrial waste. The study was carried out in order to understand the importance of urban sesonal waterlogged areas for waterbirds for future conservation and management. A total 17454 waterbird individual (that is, 32.59% resident and 67.41% migrant) of 38 waterbird species (16 resident and 22 migrant) belongs to 10 families were detected through direct observation. Common Teal – Anas crecca (10.71%), Northern Shoveler – Spatula clypeata (9.34%), Northern Pintail – A. acuta (8.54%) and Baikal Teal – Sibirionetta formosa (7.22%) were four the most abundant waterbird species. On the contrary, Pied Kingfisher – Ceryle rudis (0.11%), Grey Plover – Pluvialis squatarola (0.10%) and Sociable Lapwing – Vanellus gregarius (0.08%) were three the most rarest waterbird species of urban seasonal waterlogged areas. Anatidae (45.29%) was the most abundant family and Phoenicopteridae (0.19%) was the rarest family of waterbirds. Omnivore (46.16%) was the dominat guild and Piscivore (2.78%) was the rarest foraging guild of waterbirds. The results of study stated that urban seasonal waterlogged areas are potential habitats for a wide array of waterbirds due to shallow depth and richness of food resources. Waterbirds often select different waterlogged sites for foraging where prey is concentrated and water is shallow.
Dutch and English toddlers' use of linguistic cues in predicting upcoming turn transitions

Adults achieve successful coordination during conversation by using prosodic and lexicosyntactic cues to predict upcoming changes in speakership. We examined the relative weight of these linguistic cues in the prediction of upcoming turn structure by toddlers learning Dutch (Experiment 1; N = 21) and British English (Experiment 2; N = 20) and adult control participants (Dutch: N = 16; English: N = 20). We tracked participants' anticipatory eye movements as they watched videos of dyadic puppet conversation. We controlled the prosodic and lexicosyntactic cues to turn completion for a subset of the utterances in each conversation to create four types of target utterances (fully incomplete, incomplete syntax, incomplete prosody, and fully complete). All participants (Dutch and English toddlers and adults) used both prosodic and lexicosyntactic cues to anticipate upcoming speaker changes, but weighed lexicosyntactic cues over prosodic ones when the two were pitted against each other. The results suggest that Dutch and English toddlers are already nearly adult-like in their use of prosodic and lexicosyntactic cues in anticipating upcoming turn transitions.
Insomnia in Peri- and Postmenopausal Women: Plasma Lipids, Lipid Peroxidation and Some Antioxidant System Parameters

Purpose According to the current data, most menopausal women have reduced quality of life and one of the main criteria is sleep. It is possible, that sleep loss may cause oxidative stress. This study determines sleep disorders characteristics, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system parameters in peri- and postmenopausal women. Methods 126 menopausal women divided into perimenopausal (n=56) and postmenopausal (n=70) groups were examined. Each group was divided into control (without sleep disorders) and main groups (insomnia and insomnia with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, polysomnography were used for the assessment of sleep disorders. Lipid metabolism parameters by the enzymatic method were determined. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system parameters (conjugated dienes (CDs), malonyl dialdehyde (MDA), α-tocopherol, retinol, reduced and oxidized glutathione by spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods were determined. Results The increase of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were observed in perimenopausal women with insomnia and OSAS. The increase of TC, triacylglycerol (TG), LDL-C, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) levels and decrease of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-Ði) level were found in postmenopausal women with insomnia and OSAS as compared to control and group with insomnia. Accumulation of lipid peroxidation products was observed both in perimenopausal women with insomnia (CDs) and in postmenopausal women with insomnia (CDs, MDA) and insomnia with OSAS (MDA). There were no differences in antioxidant system parameters between main and control groups. Conclusion Both insomnia and insomnia with OSAS are associated with oxidative stress only in postmenopausal women. There are no differences in the accumulation of MDA between insomnia and insomnia with OSAS both in perimenopause and postmenopause.
Exercise induced-changes in insulin-like growth factor 1 following fasting compared to glucose administration

Introduction: Carbohydrate supplement intake might change exercise induced-insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1); however it is not well known. The purpose of the present study was to determine exercise induced-changes in IGF-1 following fasting compared to glucose administration. Material & Methods: Eleven non-athletes healthy men (aged: 21.0 ± 2.1 years; body mass index (BMI): 22.6 ± 3.3 kg/m2; mean ± SD) were participated in this study as the subject. At the first week, the subjects were consumed 1 g/kg body weight of glucose in 200 mL water 30 min prior to exercise (hyperglycemia condition) and subsequently walked on a treadmill at 50% of heart rate reserve (HRR) for 60 min. Glucose and IGF-1 levels were measured at baseline, immediately and 30 min after the exercise. After a week, the subjects were performed the same exercise after at least 14 h of fasting (hypoglycemia condition) and glucose and IGF-1 levels were measured at the same times of the first week. Results: The results showed that glucose levels were higher in hyperglycemia condition than hypoglycemia condition (P<0.05). Glucose level was decreased by 54.8% after the exercise but it was higher than the baseline until 30 min after the exercise (P<0.05). The results, also indicated that IGF-1 level had no significant changes after the exercise at both of hypo and hyperglycemia conditions and no significant differences were observed during blood sampling between hypo and hyperglycemia conditions. Conclusions: In conclusion, it seems that exercise in hypo or hyperglycemia conditions had no significant effect on IGF-1 levels.