Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Operationalizing political analysis: the expected utility stakeholder model and governance reforms

Changes in public sector institutions and governance systems in developing countries may be relatively easy to achieve technically, but very tough to implement politically. Such reforms create winners and losers, so understanding the political realities that shape the incentives of key stakeholders in a given program or policy is vital to securing consensus-and may mean the difference between a well-designed intervention that mobilizes critical support and a failed initiative that alienates crucial clients.
Who Gets a Seat at the Table? A Framework for Understanding the Dynamics of Inclusion and Exclusion in Peace Negotiations

Who gets a seat at the table and who does not is an important consideration for successful peacemaking. However, current research does not provide sufficient guidance for understanding the politics of participation in peace negotiations. This article develops a conceptual framework for understanding these dynamics. Its central theme is that the inclusion or exclusion of a given actor in peace negotiations is affected by two independent factors. One factor pertains to the practical requirements of the peace process and addresses the following question: does the participation of a given actor augment the chance of reaching a sustainable peace settlement? The other factor relates to the normative dimension of peace talks: is the participation of a given actor consistent with the values of international mediators and sponsors of peace negotiations? The article argues that the dynamics of inclusion and exclusion result from the interplay of these two factors. The most straightforward situation for mediators is when practical requirements and international norms are mutually reinforcing. Difficulties arise from scenarios where practical effectiveness and norms contradict each other. This is the case when the involvement of a given person (or group) is imperative in terms of the peace process, but difficult to justify politically because this person has committed terrorist acts or is indicted by an international court.
Dynamics of Formal Seed Utilization and Use Intensity: Evidence from Wheat Growers in East Gojjam Province, North-western Ethiopia

Commercial agriculture is driven by utilization of modern agricultural inputs despite the variable rate of adoption and use intensity. This study investigates the major factors attributed to variation in households’ participation and intensity of formal seed useby taking 4 districts as a case in East Gojjam, Northwestern Ethiopia. A total of 250 farmers were selected following 3 stages and data were processed with Heckman Two-Stage Model using STATA (version 13). The result showed that households participation in formal seed use was significantly affected by land allocated for wheat and the number of oxen (positively, P<0.01), farming experience (positively, P<0.1) and age and off-farm income (negatively, P<0.01 and P<0.05 respectively). Similarly, intensity of formal seed utilized was significantly influenced by size of wheat land, number of oxen and frequency of extension services (positively, P<0.01) and sex and family size (positively, P<0.05). The existing seed supply chains are inefficient, seed systems are institutionalized and there are weak initiatives for community based seed systems. Strong extension services, empowering females with financial incentives and encouraging farmer based seed multiplication system can improve farmers’ tendency of improved seed use. Rapid intervention on monopolistic distribution of seeds can bring about competitive seed markets which lead to sufficient supply with optimum prices.
Factors Influencing Local Tourists’ Decision-Making on Choosing a Destination: A Case of Azerbaijan

Abstract The purpose of the article is to analyse factors influencing the behaviour and decision-making of local tourists in choosing Azerbaijan as a destination. The main attributes, elements and types of tourism destinations are analysed. The understanding of consumer behaviour is defined and the peculiarities of decision- making process are presented. The main internal and external factors influencing tourist’s behaviour and decision-making are summarised. The current situation of tourism in Azerbaijan is examined. The analysis of social, cultural, personal and psychological factors influencing the decision-making of local Azerbaijani tourists to travel to various types of tourism destinations with different attributes like, attractions, available amenities, accessibility, image, price and human resources is done. The research includes both primary and secondary data. Secondary data is used to give insight to the topic and assess conclusions. Primary data is collected by surveying domestic travellers of Azerbaijan. Survey results are analysed by implying descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests and Factor analysis. The research results show that the age, monthly income and marital status of local Azerbaijani travellers affect their travel behaviour especially in the duration of their trip. Destination amenities, tourism infrastructure, environmental features, human resources and price are the important attributes for local tourists in choosing tourism destination.
On the Agenda of Design Management Research

We propose an agenda for design management research. That agenda is based on a new conceptual foundation for operations management. Design processes can be conceived in at least three different ways: (1) as a process of converting inputs to outputs, (2) as a flow of materials and information through time and space, and (3) as a process of generating value for customers. All three conceptions are appropriate and necessary. However, the conversion model has been dominant in the AEC (architectural/engineering/construction) industry until very recently. We review current thinking and practice of design management, suggest fundamental hypotheses, then propose an agenda for design management research based on those hypotheses.
Abalone Industry Development: local assessment and managementby industry

Because abalone larvae do not move far from their parents and abalone on different reefs start to reproduce at very different sizes, it is important to manage the stocks in each area with different size limits and catch limits. Otherwise, although the overall quota limit for a fishery zone at a given size limit may be correct, those places where abalone grow fastest are likely to become depleted, while areas with slow-growing abalone would be under-utilised. Such fine scale assessment and management of reef-stocks cannot be achieved by state regulations alone, so that collaborative management by industry stakeholders, assisted by state management agencies and researchers, is essential. This project was developed as a collaboration between researchers, industry stakeholders and managers, to empower industry to assess reef-stocks using diver observations of the shape and fouling of abalone shells.
Evidence for four basic noun types from a corpus-linguistic and a psycholinguistic perspective

Löbner (2011) proposes a distinction of four basic noun types corresponding to their respective concepts (sortal, relational, functional and individual concepts). A crucial claim of his theory of concept types and determination is that the different noun types are inherently predisposed to certain modes of determination. This paper surveys and discusses the Vndings from current research on the topic from two research methods that complement each other. First, we report two corpus-linguistic studies on the four noun types that combines an analysis of the diUerent modes of determination with an analysis on associative anaphors in a German text collection. Second, we present a new psycholinguistic study testing reaction times to the noun types with diUerent modes of determination. In all studies evidence was obtained to support the hypothesis that nouns are lexically speciVed with respect to the conceptual features uniqueness and relationality but that a relatively high proportion of their actual uses is incongruent with their lexical speciVcation. The data are not yet conclusive as to whether or not incongruent uses aUect word recognition or involve a cognitive type shift operation as assumed by Löbner (2011). ̊ The research reported in this paper was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG, CRC 991, member projects C02 “Conceptual Shifts: Statistical Evidence” and C03 “Conceptual Shifts: Psycholinguistic Evidence” (www.sfb991.uni-duesseldorf.de). We would like to express our gratitude to Sebastian Löbner, Wiebke Petersen, Doris Gerland, Anja Latrouite, Elisabeth Morgner, Jessica Nieder, and Fabian Koglin. We would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful hints and valuable comments.
Technology comparison of CFB versus pulverized fuel firing for utility power generation

Recent developments in Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) once through supercritical technology (OTSC) have enabled this technology to be offered as utility-scale projects competing head to head with pulverized fuel (PF) once through supercritical offerings as evidenced by the Łagisza Power Plant in Poland owned by Poludniowy Koncern Energetyczny S.A. (PKE) . This unit has now been in commercial operation for two full years since initial full load operation showing very good performance and has confirmed Foster Wheeler’s performance model at this utility scale as well as for units in the 600 MWel and 800 MWel size ranges offering net efficiency of ~43% (LHV basis). This operating unit also validated the use of the world’s first FW/BENSONTM vertical tube OTSC low mass flux technology. Since the Łagisza original international tender was for OTSC PF technology it is of importance to note that the alternative selection of CFB OTSC technology over conventional PF technology is of historic significance not only for the validation of the CFB platform as a viable alternative to conventional PF technology but it also positions the CFB OTSC with fuel flexibility for offering of sizes up to and including 800 MWel units. This paper explores the differences between CFB OTSC technology and standard PF OTSC in utility power generation. Provided are selection criteria, fuel burning range in both technologies and other selection drivers. Economic analysis of both technologies based on existing built cases is also provided. Also discussed will be the technical advantages and uses of each technology. Foster Wheeler has just recently been awarded a contract for 4 units of CFB OTSC technology which utilizes a 2 on 1 configuration of 2×550MWel CFB OTSC boilers on two single 1000 MWel turbines. Essentially this provides a fuel flexible low emissions alternative for a 2×1000 MWel solid fuel power block. INTRODUCTION Coal fired power plants account for over 40% of all electricity generation globally. Some countries have even higher percentages of coal electricity generation throughout the world as shown in Table 1. Table 1. Coal in electricity generation, %. South Africa 93 Poland 92 PR China 79 Australia 77 Kazkhstan 70 India 69 Israel 63 Czech Rep. 60 Morocco 55 Greece 52 USA 49 Germany 46 Source: IEA 2010 In today’s global utility industry the most widely used technology for large scale utility coal fired steam generators has been pulverized fuel firing of so called “steam” quality coal. These pulverized fuel boilers fire coal in differing configurations including wall firing, corner firing and in some cases for low volatile fuels arch firing. The coal being fired in these boilers is
Improvement of Convective Drying of Carrot by Applying Power Ultrasound—Influence of Mass Load Density

Power ultrasound is considered to be a novel and promising technology with which to improve heat and mass transfer phenomena in drying processes. The aim of this work was to contribute to the knowledge of ultrasound application to air drying by addressing the influence of mass load density on the ultrasonically assisted air drying of carrot. Drying kinetics of carrot cubes were carried out (in triplicate) with or without power ultrasound application (75 W, 21.7 kHz) at 40°C, 1 m/s, and several mass load densities: 12, 24, 36, 42, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, and 120 kg/m3. The experimental results showed a significant (p < 0.05) influence of both factors, mass load density and power ultrasound application, on drying kinetics. As expected, the increase of mass load density did not affect the effective moisture diffusivity (De, m2/s) but produced a reduction of the mass transfer coefficient (k, kg water/m2/s). This was explained by considering perturbations in the air flow through the drying chamber thus creating preferential pathways and, as a consequence, increasing external mass transfer resistance. On the other hand, it was found that the power ultrasound application increased the mass transfer coefficient and the effective moisture diffusivity regardless of the mass load density used. However, the influence of power ultrasound was not significant at the highest mass load densities tested (108 and 120 kg/m3), which may be explained from the high ratio (acoustic energy/sample mass) found under those experimental conditions. Therefore, the application of ultrasound was considered as a useful technology with which to improve the convective drying, although its effects may be reduced at high mass load densities.
Microstructural Development of Natural Hydroxyapatite Originated from Fish‐Bone Waste through Heat Treatment

The morphologic and microstructural development of natural fish bone through heat treatment is examined in view of fish-waste management and as a possible route for hydroxyapatite ceramics. Fish bone heated at temperatures ≤1300°C maintains a porous structure, with a sintered wall and a major crystalline phase of hydroxyapatite. Fish-originated ceramics are potentially useful as bioactive media as well as for environmentally compatible materials.
Tax Aggressiveness, R&D Spending, and Firms’ Claims for R&D Tax Deductions: Evidence from China

In China, submitting a claim for R&D tax deductions increases the likelihood that a firm will be scrutinized by the tax authorities. We argue that tax aggressive firms are keen to avoid the oversight of the tax authorities and so they are less likely to submit claims for R&D tax deductions compared with non-tax aggressive firms. Further, because tax aggressive firms are less likely to submit claims for R&D tax deductions, they have less incentive to invest in R&D. We test these predictions using proprietary data from a local tax office in China. As expected, we find that tax aggressive firms are less likely to claim for R&D tax deductions and they invest less in R&D compared with non-tax aggressive firms.
TRANSPORT AND ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF TWO DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON GAS IN DELTA- MIGFET IN GAAS

The objective of this work is to analyze electronic transport phenomena, due to ionized impurity scattering in δ-MIGFET (Delta-Multiple Independent Gate Field Effect Transistor). In this work, we report theoretical results for electronic transport in a delta-MIGFET using the device electronic structure and analytical expression of mobility and conductivity. The results show that the analytical mobility and conductivity are a good way to analyze Received 13 August 2010, Accepted 14 October 2010, Scheduled 10 November 2010 Corresponding author: Outmane Oubram (oubram@uaem.mx). † Also with Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Apartado Postal 70-360, Mexico D.F 04510, Mexico.
Toxicological assessment of crude palm oil ( Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) used in deep frying of akara (cowpea paste finger food)

Akara is cowpea paste which is deep-fried in crude palm oil (CPO; Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) and sold as a street finger food in Brazil and Africa. During the food frying oils can form toxic decomposition products as total polar compounds (TPC), which can determinate oil degradation. The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of CPO used in akara frying for 25 hours. Changes in the oil were determined by TPC quantification and mutagenicity using a Salmonella /microssome assay with Salmonella Typhimurium strains TA97, TA98, TA100 and TA102 with and without exogenous metabolic activation. Assuming that 25% TPC is the maximum level permitted in frying oils and it ranged from 14.08 to 29.81%, frying palm oil exceeded the limit. Nonetheless, no cytotoxic, mutagenic or genotoxic activity were detected in CPO used in the traditional akara frying process.
Unlimited point algorithm for OPF problems

A nonlinear optimal power flow (OPF) algorithm is presented which allows to solve the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions using a pure Newton-Raphson solution procedure. The method is similar to interior point algorithms. However, due to a simple transformation, the variable space becomes unlimited (unlimited point) and variables do not need to be forced to stay within the feasible region during all OPF iterations as is the case for interior point algorithms. As a consequence only a pure Newton-Raphson iterative process to algebraically transformed KKT conditions is applied. The algorithm has been successfully applied to various networks up to size 700 buses with the active power loss objective function.
The influence of empathizing and systemizing on humor processing: Theory of Mind and humor

This paper investigates the influence of empathizing and systemizing on cognitive and affective humor processing in two studies. Three cartoon types differing in their logical mechanisms (LMs) and cognitive requirements were presented to participants with high scores on one scale and low scores on the other (empathizers and systemizers): visual puns, semantic cartoons and Theory of Mind cartoons. Empathizers and systemizers were expected to process these cartoon types differently. While empathizers and systemizers did not differ in recognition time and comprehensibility in study one (N = 33), empathizers did portray higher funniness scores in study two (N = 55). Furthermore, empathizers more often gave emotional/motivational explanations as well as more mentalistic explanations as to why they think a cartoon is funny. In addition, Theory of Mind cartoons provoked the highest number of mentalistic explanations. This shows that stimulus characteristics (such as LMs) as well as inter-individual differences influence whether mentalizing is required and applied to processing humor, and that empathizing and systemizing influence humor appreciation.
Motivation as a determinant in problem-based learning MOTIVATION TO COMMIT ONESELF AS A DETERMINANT OF ACHIEVEMENT IN

AUTHOR van Berkel, Henk J. M. ; Schmidt, Henk G. TITLE Motivation To 'Commit Oneself as a Determinant of Achievement in Problem-Based Learning. PUB DATE 1999-04-00 NOTE 26p. ; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (Montreal, Quebec, Canada, April 19-23, 1999). PUB TYPE Reports Research (143) Speeches/Meeting Papers (150) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Academic Achievement; Foreign Countries; Health Services; Higher Education; *Problem Based Learning; Student Attitudes; *Student Motivation; *Undergraduate Students IDENTIFIERS *Commitment
BEAM PARAMETERS MEASUREMENT BASED ON TV METHODS

The paper describes hardware and software used to control TV-cameras and to process TV-images of luminescent screens placed along the beam transfer lines. Industrial devices manually control the movements and focusing of the cameras. All devices are linked to PC via PCI interfaces with homemade drivers for Linux OS and provide both selection of camera and digitizing of video signal synchronized with beam. One part of software provides means to set initial parameters using PC consol. Thus an operator can choose contrast, brightness, some number of significant points on TVimage to calculate beam position and its size. Second part supports remote TV controls and data processing from Control Rooms of U-70 complex using set initial parameters. First experience and results of the method realization are discussed.
Empirical Analysis of Import Demand Behavior of Least Developed Countries

This paper examines the long-run stability of import demand function in least developed countries (LDCs) using recently developed panel cointegration techniques. We test for cointegration using two data sets: a) annual data for 15 countries from 1965 to 2004; and b) annual data for 22 countries from 1984 to 2004. We find that cointegration is present and that, indeed, there is a stable import demand function in these economies. The income elasticity ranges from 1.26 to 1.69 and price elasticity ranges from -0.72 to -0.75.
The Initial Impacts of Welfare Reform on the Incomes of Single-Mother Families.

This report examines trends in the incomes of single mothers and their children during a pair of consecutive two-year periods, 1993-95 and 1995-97, considering changes in earnings and changes in safety net programs that provide them with income. Chapter 1, "Introduction," reviews the issue. Chapter 2, "Participation Has Declined Faster than Poverty," examines declines in participation in food stamp and Aid to Families with Dependent Children/Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (AFDC/TANF) programs in recent years. Chapter 3, "How Have Single-Mother Families Fared? " analyzes the income of single-mother families and how it changed over these periods. Chapter 4, "Safety Net Lifts Fewer Children from Poverty," examines recent trends in child poverty, using alternative definitions of poverty. Chapter 5, "Why Are Caseloads Declining? " cites other studies and discusses factors that have caused declines in food stamp, Medicaid, and AFDC/TANF caseloads and whether TANF caseload declines have contributed to participation decline in food stamps and lack of increased enrollment in Medicaid despite expansions in Medicaid eligibility. The disposable income of single-mother families rose broadly and substantially between 1993 and 1995. From 1995 to 1997, reflecting the beginning impact of welfare reform, many single-mother families experienced no net gain in total income, and often experienced a fall in their disposable income. Appendix A presents evidence that including the income of unrelated men who live with single-mother families does not fundamentally affect study results. Appendix B describes the study data and methodology. (Contains seven tables of economic data.) (SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. 1 The Initial Impacts of Welfare Reform on the Incomes of Single-Mother Families Wendell Primus Lynette Rawlings Kathy Larin Kathryn Porter PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
Distinguishing Aerosol Impacts on Climate over the Past Century

Abstract Aerosol direct (DE), indirect (IE), and black carbon–snow albedo (BAE) effects on climate between 1890 and 1995 are compared using equilibrium aerosol–climate simulations in the Goddard Institute for Space Studies General Circulation Model coupled to a mixed layer ocean. Pairs of control (1890)–perturbation (1995) with successive aerosol effects allow isolation of each effect. The experiments are conducted both with and without concurrent changes in greenhouse gases (GHG). A new scheme allowing dependence of snow albedo on black carbon snow concentration is introduced. The fixed GHG experiments global surface air temperature (SAT) changed by −0.2°, −1.0°, and +0.2°C from the DE, IE, and BAE. Ice and snow cover increased 1% from the IE and decreased 0.3% from the BAE. These changes were a factor of 4 larger in the Arctic. Global cloud cover increased by 0.5% from the IE. Net aerosol cooling effects are about half as large as the GHG warming, and their combined climate effects are smaller than the .