Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Serosurvey for West Nile virus in horses in southern France

whether there was frequent virus circulation in the surveyarea; if this were the case, the seroprevalence should increasewith the age of the horses. However, for this trend to beobservable, the renewal rate of the animals must be reason-ably low and homogenous. In order to meet these require-ments, only serum samples taken from working horses(arbitrarily defined as horses up to 18 years of age) housedin riding schools were included in the analysis of age-specificseroprevalences. The corresponding dataset contained 504records.Maps were produced with MapInfo software, and the statistical analyses were done using R (Ihaka and Gentleman1996). Of the blood samples taken from 906 horses, 305 were
Design and Synthesis of Wallace Tree Multipler with Booth Recoding Logic

AbstractIn this paper the operation of Wallace tree multiplier is performed by recoding the multiplier bits with booth logic . In modified booth we can multiply two 2's complement numbers without sign bit extension. Recoding the multiplier with increasing of radix is one of the best ways to increase the speed of the booth multiplication algorithm. In this architecture we are using radix-8 modified booth algorithm to generate partial products. To sum partial products concurrently compression techniques can be used. The proposed wallacetree multiplier is implemented with verilog HDL coding and synthesis is done by Cadence RTL compiler in 0.18um technology.
Many-Core Processors Granularity Evaluation by Considering Performance, Yield, and Lifetime Reliability

Network-on-chip based many-core processors break the limitations faced with single-core processors, and can bring high performance, improved yield, and high reliability. They are widely considered as the most promising platform. One of the most important questions is: what kind of granularity of cores (in other words, the number of cores and the area of each core under specific area constraint of the chip) is the best for many-core processors? Performance is widely used as the most important metric to determine the choice, but recently, reliability and yield are also becoming the first-class constraints in many application domains. This paper presents a novel performance model by considering practical program style, including pipelined and parallel program styles, as well as intercore communication, and proposes a new metric combing performance, reliability, and yield of many-core processors to choose the core granularity. According to our paper, with a given area (300 mm2) and certain applications, the optimal result is obtained using 8 × 8 mesh when all three factors are considered.
Contemporary model for cardiovascular risk prediction in people with type 2 diabetes

Background: Existing cardiovascular risk prediction equations perform non-optimally in different populations with diabetes. Thus, there is a continuing need to develop new equations that will reliably estimate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and offer flexibility for adaptation in various settings. This report presents a contemporary model for predicting cardiovascular risk in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Design and methods: A 4.5-year follow-up of the Action in Diabetes and Vascular disease: preterax and diamicron-MR controlled evaluation (ADVANCE) cohort was used to estimate coefficients for significant predictors of CVD using Cox models. Similar Cox models were used to fit the 4-year risk of CVD in 7168 participants without previous CVD. The model’s applicability was tested on the same sample and another dataset. Results: A total of 473 major cardiovascular events were recorded during follow-up. Age at diagnosis, known duration of diabetes, sex, pulse pressure, treated hypertension, atrial fibrillation, retinopathy, HbA1c, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio and non-HDL cholesterol at baseline were significant predictors of cardiovascular events. The model developed using these predictors displayed an acceptable discrimination (c-statistic: 0.70) and good calibration during internal validation. The external applicability of the model was tested on an independent cohort of individuals with type 2 diabetes, where similar discrimination was demonstrated (c-statistic: 0.69). Conclusions: Major cardiovascular events in contemporary populations with type 2 diabetes can be predicted on the basis of routinely measured clinical and biological variables. The model presented here can be used to quantify risk and guide the intensity of treatment in people with diabetes.
Inkjet printed paper based quadrate bowtie antennas for UHF RFID tags

Paper substrate is one of the paramount nominees for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, for the reason that it is one of the widely and the cheapest available substrates. In this paper, for the first time quadrate bowtie antennas with round corners [1] are realized and analyzed on paper substrate for UHF RFID tags. These inkjet printed antennas exhibit high performance which give freedom for their applications. Their area is smaller than the general triangle bowtie antenna and have advantages of smaller area, better return loss in high frequency and higher gain in normal direction of antenna plane compared with general triangular bowtie antenna.
Novel Function of the Cyclin A Binding Site of E2F in Regulating p53-Induced Apoptosis in Response to DNA Damage

ABSTRACT We demonstrate here that the E2F1 induced by DNA damage can bind to and promote the apoptotic function of p53 via the cyclin A binding site of E2F1. This function of E2F1 does not require its DP-1 binding, DNA binding, or transcriptional activity and is independent of mdm2. All the cyclin A binding E2F family members can interact and cooperate with p53 to induce apoptosis. This suggests a novel role for E2F in regulating apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Cyclin A, but not cyclin E, prevents E2F1 from interacting and cooperating with p53 to induce apoptosis. However, in response to DNA damage, cyclin A levels decrease, with a concomitant increase in E2F1-p53 complex formation. These results suggest that the binding of E2F1 to p53 can specifically stimulate the apoptotic function of p53 in response to DNA damage.
Automatic Extraction of Features and Opinion-Oriented Sentences from Customer Reviews

— Opinion extraction about products from customer reviews is becoming an interesting area of research. Customer reviews about products are nowadays available from blogs and review sites. Also tools are being developed for extraction of opinion from these reviews to help the user as well merchants to track the most suitable choice of product. Therefore efficient method and techniques are needed to extract opinions from review and blogs. As reviews of products mostly contains discussion about the features, functions and services, therefore, efficient techniques are required to extract user comments about the desired features, functions and services. In this paper we have proposed a novel idea to find features of product from user review in an efficient way. Our focus in this paper is to get the features and opinion-oriented words about products from text through auxiliary verbs (AV) {is, was, are, were, has, have, had}. From the results of our experiments we found that 82% of features and 85% of opinion-oriented sentences include AVs. Thus these AVs are good indicators of features and opinion orientation in customer reviews.
Reducing the rework in the photo-lithography process of wafer-bump assembly with quality management

The rework rate following the PDCA-based metrology and the cause-and-effect diagram indeed obtained the significant improvement during the four-month record. The root causes in abnormal PR coating inducing the rework can be cardinally classified as three types: harmful familiarity for the staff, the staff not following the SOP and the defects coming from the previous sputtering process. During these distinguishing and improving efforts, the rework ratio in abnormal PR coating contribution was reduced from 0.29% to 0.19%. The entire weekly rework rate was decreased from 1.71 to 0.51.
Application of identification based D-decomposition for power system stability analysis

The article describes the approach of PSS parameters quality estimation from power system stability point of view. The key idea is implementation of D-decomposition approach to identified power system model. D-decomposition approach allows to obtain power system stability region in PSS parameters space. Identified power system model represents current real power system behavior. Consequently, implementation of D-decomposition to identified model enables to obtain actual stability boundary from PSS parameters point of view.
Action of Kanamycin Against Single and Dual Species Biofilms of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Antibiotic resistance in one of the greatest threats to mankind, and prospects for the discovery of new antibiotic compounds are reduced. Due to their low-level of usage, aminoglycosides seem to have remained active against many pathogens and thus gained a renewed interest. In this work, we tested the effects of kanamycin against single and dual species biofilms of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), determined by the microdilution method, of E. coli and S. aureus were 4.5 and 3.5 mg/L, respectively. The MIC was 5.0 mg/L for the dual species scenario. Biofilms were formed in 96-wells microtiter plates and their viability and biomass was assessed by alamar blue and crystal violet staining, respectively. Although the viability of sessile bacteria was greatly reduced with kanamycin (65% and 67% for E. coli and S. aureus, respectively), their removal from surfaces was more difficult (< 35%). For dual species biofilms, the highest viability reduction obtained was 70% and the removal percentage was 15%. Kanamycin was more efficient on biofilm killing than on their removal. Total biofilm killing and removal was not achieved even for kana- mycin at 10 × MIC and resistance was more pronounced for the dual species biofilms. This highlights the greatest resistance capacity of biofilms when compared with planktonic cells. The overall results suggest that improved therapeutic strategies, including the application of higher doses or the combination with synergistic products, should be applied in biofilm control, particularly in polymicrobial biofilms.
The Relationship Between Three‐Dimensional Connectivity and the Elastic Properties of Trabecular Bone

A finite‐element model was used to explore the relationship between connectivity density and the elastic modulus of trabecular bone. Six cubic specimens of trabecular bone, three prepared from human distal radii and three from L1 vertebrae, were imaged with synchrotron microtomography. The three‐dimensional images were reconstructed into binary volumes of mineralized bone and soft tissue, and incorporated into the finite‐element model. The relationship between three‐dimensional connectivity and elastic modulus was explored by uniform thinning (atrophy) and thickening (recovery) of the trabecular bone. Though no functional relationship was found between connectivity and elastic modulus, there was a linear relationship, after a full cycle of atrophy and recovery, between the loss of elastic modulus and the overall loss of connectivity. The results indicate that recovery of mechanical function depends on preserving or restoring trabecular connectivity.
The Effect of Prophylactic Phenylephrine and Ephedrine Infusions on Umbilical Artery Blood pH in Women With Preeclampsia Undergoing Cesarean Delivery With Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial

BACKGROUND: Spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery is associated with a high incidence of hypotension. Phenylephrine results in higher umbilical artery pH than ephedrine when used to prevent or treat hypotension in healthy women. We hypothesized that phenylephrine compared to ephedrine would result in higher umbilical artery pH in women with preeclampsia undergoing cesarean delivery with spinal anesthesia. METHODS: This study was a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Nonlaboring women with preeclampsia scheduled for cesarean delivery with spinal anesthesia at Prentice Women’s Hospital of Northwestern Medicine were randomized to receive prophylactic infusions of phenylephrine or ephedrine titrated to maintain systolic blood pressure >80% of baseline. Spinal anesthesia consisted of hyperbaric 0.75% bupivacaine 12 mg, fentanyl 15 µg, and morphine 150 µg. The primary outcome was umbilical arterial blood pH and the secondary outcome was umbilical artery base excess. RESULTS: One hundred ten women were enrolled in the study and 54 per group were included in the analysis. There were 74 and 72 infants delivered in the ephedrine and phenylephrine groups, respectively. The phenylephrine:ephedrine ratio for umbilical artery pH was 1.002 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.997–1.007). Mean [standard deviation] umbilical artery pH was not different between the ephedrine 7.20 [0.10] and phenylephrine 7.22 [0.07] groups (mean difference −0.02, 95% CI of the difference −0.06 to 0.07; P = .38). Median (first, third quartiles) umbilical artery base excess was −3.4 mEq/L (−5.7 to −2.0 mEq/L) in the ephedrine group and −2.8 mEq/L (−4.6 to −2.2mEq/L) in the phenylephrine group (difference −0.6 mEq/L, 95% CI of the difference −1.6 to 0.3 mEq/L; P = .10). When adjusted for gestational age and infant gender, umbilical artery pH did not differ between groups. There were also no differences in the umbilical artery pH stratified by magnesium therapy or by the severity of preeclampsia. CONCLUSIONS: We were unable to demonstrate a beneficial effect of phenylephrine on umbilical artery pH compared with ephedrine. Our findings suggest that phenylephrine may not have a clinically important advantage compared with ephedrine with regard to improved neonatal acid-base status when used to prevent spinal anesthesia–induced hypotension in women with preeclampsia undergoing cesarean delivery.
Vasculogenesis in Diabetes-Associated Diseases: Unraveling the Diabetic Paradox

During several decades it was thought that in the adult, vascular growth and remodelling was exclusively dependent on the activation of angiogenesis, being the process of vasculogenesis restricted to embryonic life (Risau & Flamme, 1995; Risau, 1997). This long-lasting belief has come to an end in the late nineties, with the isolation from adult peripheral blood (PB) of angioblast-like circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) (Asahara et al., 1997). The discovery of bone marrow (BM)-derived EPCs with angioblastic morphological and functional properties was a landmark in vascular biology that forever has changed the concept of neovascularization. Numerous studies have demonstrated that EPCs residing in the BM could be mobilized to the peripheral circulation, migrate to neoangiogenic sites and partake in vivo in the pathophysiological development of vascular networks, by differentiating into functional, mature endothelial cells (ECs) (Asahara et al., 1999a, 1999b; Goon et al., 2007; Grant et al., 2002; Lyden et al., 2001; Takahashi et al., 1999). However, much controversy has accompanied this field over time, particularly regarding the phenotypic characterization of EPCs. In fact, this cell population does not have specific cell surface markers, sharing a diversity of membrane receptors with other BM-derived cells (Hristov et al., 2003; Peichev et al., 2000). Additionally, several subsets of EPCs have been identified and together with other lineages of precursor cells were found to be differentially recruited to neovascular foci contributing synergistically to vasculogenic neoformation (Gulati et al., 2003; Hur et al., 2004; Lyden et al., 2001; Yoder et al., 2007; Yoon et al., 2005a). Since their identification, an increasing body of evidence has definitely revealed the important properties and roles played by EPCs in several vascularrelated diseases, such as peripheral vascular disease (Asahara et al., 1999a, 1999b; Takahashi et al., 1999), tumor neovascularisation (Asahara et al., 1999a, 1999b; Lyden et al., 2001) and vascular complications associated to diabetes (Goon et al., 2007; Grant et al., 2002; Egan et al., 2008; Fadini et al., 2005). The metabolic alterations present in diabetic individuals are known to profoundly affect vascular biology, being responsible for the impairment of macroand microvascular beds (Fadini et al., 2006a; Werner et al., 2005). Diabetes associated vascular complications involve distinct modifications in neovascular formation, which is reduced in ischemic heart and limbs and increased in the retina, defining the diabetic paradox (Ciulla et al., 2003). The vasculogenic process seems to play a central dual role in this paradoxal puzzle: systemically, diabetes-associated hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hypertension and oxidative stress, can simultaneoulsy
Understanding the Determinants of Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization and Response to Treatment

Purpose The pathophysiologic pathways that govern the development of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) are complex. Patchy atrophy and lacquer cracks are known to be major anatomic risk factors for the development of myopic CNV, but they are not alone and much remains to be understood about other factors that influence development. In addition, a greater understanding of the modifiable and nonmodifiable factors that influence outcome, resolution, and recurrence after intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) could lead to more personalized treatment algorithms that integrate parameters other than the presence of CNV itself and could help improve clinical outcomes and reduce recurrence. Methods We reviewed recently published data on risk factors for CNV and predictors of response to anti-VEGF treatments. In particular, data pertaining to age, sex, genetic predisposition, baseline visual acuity, axial length, staphyloma, lacquer cracks, atrophic lesions, choroidal thickness or choroidal thinning, characteristics of CNV such as duration, localization, and size of CNV, and treatment considerations such as choice of treatment, loading doses, and combination treatments were reviewed. Results Our analysis showed that the body of evidence is incomplete. Conclusions Additional studies are required to identify high-risk patients and to develop personalized therapeutic approaches.
Individual Building Rooftop and Tree Crown Segmentation from High-Resolution Urban Aerial Optical Images

We segment buildings and trees from aerial photographs by using superpixels, and we estimate the tree’s parameters by using a cost function proposed in this paper. A method based on image complexity is proposed to refine superpixels boundaries. In order to classify buildings from ground and classify trees from grass, the salient feature vectors that include colors, Features from Accelerated Segment Test (FAST) corners, and Gabor edges are extracted from refined superpixels. The vectors are used to train the classifier based on Naive Bayes classifier. The trained classifier is used to classify refined superpixels as object or nonobject. The properties of a tree, including its locations and radius, are estimated by minimizing the cost function. The shadow is used to calculate the tree height using sun angle and the time when the image was taken. Our segmentation algorithm is compared with other two state-of-the-art segmentation algorithms, and the tree parameters obtained in this paper are compared to the ground truth data. Experiments show that the proposed method can segment trees and buildings appropriately, yielding higher precision and better recall rates, and the tree parameters are in good agreement with the ground truth data.
Supplemental Data Sequential E 2 s Drive Polyubiquitin Chain Assembly on APC Targets

The anaphase-promoting complex (APC), or cyclosome, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that collaborates with E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes to assemble polyubiquitin chains on proteins important for cell-cycle progression. It remains unclear how the APC—or many other E3s—promotes the multiple distinct reactions necessary for chain assembly. We addressed this problem by analyzing APC interactions with different E2s. We screened all budding yeast E2s as APC coenzymes in vitro and found that two, Ubc4 and Ubc1, are the key E2 partners for the APC. These proteins display strikingly different but complementary enzymatic behaviors: Ubc4 supports the rapid monoubiquitination of multiple lysines on APC targets, while Ubc1 catalyzes K48-linked polyubiquitin chain assembly on preattached ubiquitins. Mitotic APC function is lost in yeast strains lacking both Ubc1 and Ubc4. E2-25K, a human homolog of Ubc1, also promotes APC-dependent chain extension on preattached ubiquitins. We propose that sequential E2 proteins catalyze K48-linked polyubiquitination and thus proteasomal destruction of APC targets.
Blocking of CD4 cell receptors for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) by chemically modified bovine milk proteins: Potential for AIDS prophylaxis

The chemical transformation of synthetic combinatorial libraries to increase the diversity of compounds of medicinal interest was reported recently. Chemical modification of natural products represents a complementary approach to accomplish this aim. Modification of lysines by aromatic acid anhydrides, preferentially by 3‐hydroxyphthalic and trimellitic anhydrides and trimellitic anhydride chloride, converted commonly available proteins (human and bovine serum albumin and casein) into potent inhibitors of (i) binding between the HIV‐1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein and the CD4 cell receptor, probably owing to their binding to CD4, and (ii) infection by HIV‐1. Modified bovind milk proteins are also potent HIV‐1 inhibitors and may have protential for anti‐Hiv‐1 prophylaxis.
Can Plant Saponins Lower Methane Emissions Without Hampering the Nutrient Digestibility of Ruminants

Plant saponins have been used as additives to mitigate methane emissions originated from enteric fermentation of ruminant animals. Most of the studies however were based on in vitro techniques, and only limited studies were directly conducted on the animals. Inconsistencies of saponin effects on methane emissions have been previously observed, which might be related to their levels in rations. The present study was aimed to assess the effects of saponin levels on methane emissions and nutrient digestibility of ruminants in vivo by integrating data from multiple studies. A number of studies across 11 published articles were integrated into a database. Both small and large ruminant species were included. Searching of the articles was performed by using Scopus with keywords “saponin” and “methane”. The main criteria for a paper to be included were: (1) studies were conducted in vivo, (2) saponin contents were reported, and (3) methane was directly measured, not estimated by any methods. Parameters included in the database were methane emissions and nutrient digestibility. Data were analyzed by the statistical meta-analysis approach based on mixed model methodology. Different studies were treated as random effects while saponin levels in diets, i.e. control (no saponins), low (0 5 g/kg), were considered as fixed effects. Results revealed that, across all studies, methane emissions decreased significantly when saponins were added at both low and high levels (P<0.05), suggesting that the use of saponins for ruminants is beneficial in term of environmental conservation. Low levels of saponins increased nutrient digestibility as compared to control (P<0.05) while, on the contrary, high levels decreased the nutrient digestibility (P<0.05). It can be therefore concluded that the use of saponins at low levels is able to lower methane emissions of ruminants without hampering their digestibility.