Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California Doctorado en Ciencias en Ecología Marina Biological response to microhabitat formation by rocky shore intertidal benthic macroalgal canopies

of the thesis presented by Scheherazada Umanzor Rodríguez as a partial requirement to obtain the Doctor of Science degree in Marine Ecology. Biological response to microhabitat formation by rocky shore intertidal benthic macroalgal canopies Abstract approved by:approved by: ________________________________ Dra. Lydia Betty Ladah Director de tesis Intertidal macroalgae modulate their biophysical environment by ameliorating physical conditions and creating habitats. Thereby, influencing the abundance and distribution of associated species, and altering ecosystem dynamics within their local environment. The modification ability of macroalgae and the relative importance of their bioengineering outcomes may change rapidly in response to shifting levels of environmental stress. Exploring how seaweed aggregations made up of distinct species at different densities modify their local environment may help explain the processes, patterns and mechanisms driving species distribution and community composition, and how the connections between these organisms are affected. Using Silvetia compressa, Halidrys dioica, Chondracanthus canaliculatus and Pyropia perforata, I constructed monocultures representing the leathery, corticated and foliose functional-forms, as well as a mixed tri-culture assemblage including the former three, at four different densities. Treatment quadrats were installed in the intertidal where I measured irradiance, temperature, particle retention, desiccation bulk water flow underneath the canopies. Additionally, I examined the response by the understory microphytobenthos and by a targeted group of macroinvertebrates. I found that the density per unit area and species composition influence the magnitude in which macroalgae modify extreme physical conditions in their local environment. Macroalgal aggregations of greater spatial complexity, showed a greater attenuation of understory bulk water flow, irradiance, temperature, particle transport and water loss. I also found that increasing the number of species within a patch do not always results in increased spatial complexity and therefore, did not necessarily cause greater ameliorated conditions. Moreover, I found that a further modulation on the microphytobenthos occurred, and that the response by macroinvertebrates differed based on the baseline conditions of the environment. Results indicate that the environmental modifications driven by these macroalgae as ecosystem engineers play a significant role in promoting distinct temporal and spatial patchiness of associated organisms. Consequently, affecting the biological dynamic pathways and influencing the local diversity at various scales and in turn, affecting the strength and nature of interspecific interactions.
EFFECT OF WATER STRESS AND FERTILIZATION ON COTTON PRODUCTIVITY UNDER CALCAREOUS SOIL CONDITIONS

Two field experiments were carried out at the Farm of Nubaria Agricultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt, representing the newly reclaimed desert land of North West, Egypt in Nubaria, which located at 46 Km South West of Alexandria city to study the effect of irrigation regimes and NPK fertilization, earliness parameters, seed cotton yield, its components of Egyptian cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) cultivar Giza 94 was used which represent long staple Egyptian cotton category in the two summer growing seasons of 2017 and 2018. The experimental design was a split-split plot with four replications, where the irrigation regime treatments were allocated to the main plots and the sub-main plots included NPK fertilization, while foliar application treatments were taken place in sub-sub plots, where irrigation regimes were irrigation at 50% depletion of available soil moisture. (I1), irrigation at 70% depletion of available soil moisture (I2) and irrigation at 90% depletion of available soil moisture (I3). While NPK-fertilizer rates were 100% of NPK recommended doses (75 kg N, 31 P2O5 and 48 K2O/fad.), 75% of NPK recommended doses (56.3 kg N, 23.3 P2O5 and 36 K2O/fad.) and 50% of NPK recommended doses (37.5 kg N, 15.5 P2O5 and 24 K2O/fad.). Foliar application treatments were control (water), potassium silicate (two times at the rate of 1 kg/fad., before flowering and two weeks later), extractable mixed of algae, amino acids and micronutrients (two times at the rate of 1 L/fad., before flowering and two weeks later). The results revealed that growth and yield attributes of cotton were affected by water stress under NPK fertilization and foliar application, in this respect the highest value of growth, yield characters were achieved under irrigation regime (50% depletion of available soil moisture) and recommended dose of NPK and foliar application of Algal extracts + amino acids + micronutrient) under Nubaria conditions.
Speech/non-speech detection based on the fourth order statistics

Speech/non-speech detection is a key factor for speech enhancement and recognition.This paper proposes a robust speech/non-speech detection method based on the forth order statistics.Taking advantage of the super-Gaussian property of the speech’s amplitude spectrum,the proposed method calculates the forth order statistics to measure the non-Gaussianity of the amplitude spectrum of each speech frame.Combining with the energy,a simple threshold classifier is used to distinguish whether the speech frame is speech or non-speech.Computer simulations show that the proposed method is effective.
Effects of VLF Transmitter Waves on the Inner Belt and Slot Region

Signals from very low frequency (VLF) transmitters can leak from the Earth‐ionosphere wave guide into the inner magnetosphere, where they propagate in the whistler mode and contribute to electron dynamics in the inner radiation belt and slot region. Observations show that the waves from each VLF transmitter are highly localized, peaking on the nightside in the vicinity of the transmitter. In this study we use ∼5 years of Van Allen Probes observations to construct global statistical models of the bounce‐averaged pitch angle diffusion coefficients for each individual VLF transmitter, as a function of L*, magnetic local time (MLT), and geographic longitude. We construct a 1‐D pitch angle diffusion model with implicit longitude and MLT dependence to show that VLF transmitter waves weakly scatter electrons into the drift loss cone. We find that global averages of the wave power, determined by averaging the wave power over MLT and longitude, capture the long‐term dynamics of the loss process, despite the highly localized nature of the waves in space. We use our new model to assess the role of VLF transmitter waves, hiss waves, and Coulomb collisions on electron loss in the inner radiation belt and slot region. At moderate relativistic energies, E∼500 keV, waves from VLF transmitters reduce electron lifetimes by an order of magnitude or more, down to the order of 200 days near the outer edge of the inner radiation belt. However, VLF transmitter waves are ineffective at removing multi–megaelectron volt electrons from either the inner radiation belt or slot region.
Bioeconomic analysis of Engraulicypris sardella (USIPA) in South east arm of Lake Malawi

Usipa Engraulicypris sardella is the most abundant small pelagic species in Lake Malawi. It plays an important part in the lake communities’ economy and food security. However, much remains unknown on their stock status and bioeconomic importance. This study is carried out to estimate the maximum economic yield and maximum sustainable yield for Usipa fishery in the South-east arm of Lake Malawi. Structured quantitative questionnaire was used to collect information from 139 informants on the price of usipa landings and cost of fishing effort. Catch and effort data for Usipa were used in a biomass dynamic model (ASPIC) to estimate key parameters (r, q and k). A bioeconomic model was further developed based on the Gordon- Schaefer model using cost and revenues of the Usipa fisheries to derive the Maximun Sustainable Yield (MSY) and the Maximum Economic Yield (MEY). Model estimates of MSY and MEY were 9,228.8 and 8,227.1 tonnes, respectively. The corresponding fishing effort was estimated to be 40,000 net-hauls and 30,000 net-hauls at MSY and MEY, respectively. Revenues at MSY were estimated at MWK42.280 billion, while at MEY the revenues were MWK39.309 billion. The analysis shows that the current effort of 65,232 net-hauls has a yield of 6,000 tonnes, indicating that the Usipa fishery is currently overexploited over the optimum bio-economic level and even beyond the open access yield. We recommend reducing the fishing effort by 54% to realize the best economic benefits (Production at MEY) and end overfishing to protect the fishery from biological and economic collapses. Key words: Usipa, bioeconomic, chilimira, catch per unit effort, maximum economic yield, South east arm.
A Feature-Based Chinese POS Tagging Model

A feature based Chinese part of speech tagging model is presented, which is an extension of hidden Markov model This model not only takes the contribution of hidden state at time t into account, but also considers the contribution of the observation at time t+1 Since the number of observation is big, it is not practical to use the observation state matrix So in this paper each word is tagged with features, and then the matrix of feature state matrix is trained, which is much smaller The balance of accuracy and practicality is achieved
Permanent Water Bodies Mapping in the Mekong River Delta Using Seasonal Time Series C-band SAR Data

Microwave remote sensing or SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) data has been employed extensively to map open water bodies and to monitor flood extents, where cloud cover often prohibits the use of satellite sensors operating at other wavelengths. Where total inundation occurs, a low backscatter return is expected due to the specular reflection of SAR signal on the water surface. However, low local incidence angle and wind induced waves can cause a roughening of the water surface which result in a high return signal. It is also mean that the temporal variability (TV) of the backscatter from water bodies is higher than other land surfaces. The Mekong River Delta is a region with very long wet season (starting in May and lasting until October-November), resulting in almost crop fields also has low backscatter returns. Where such conditions occur adjacent to open water, this can make the separation of water and land problematic using SAR data. In this paper, we use seasonal time series C-band SAR data (dry season), we also examine how the variability in radar backscatter with incidence angle may be used to differentiate water from land overcoming. We carry out regression over multiple sets of seasonal time series data, determined by a moving window encompassing consecutively-acquired ENVISAT ASAR Wide Swath Mode data, to derive three backscatter model parameters: the slope β of a linear model ﬁtting backscatter against local incidence angle; the backscatter normalized at 50° using the linear model coefficients so(50o), and the minimum backscatter (MiB) from time series data after normalized. A comparison of the three parameters (β, TV and MiB) shows that MiB in combination with TV provides the most robust means to segregate water from land by a simple thresholding algorithm.Keywords: Water bodies mapping, SAR, time series analysis.
More Extreme Precipitation in Chinese Deserts From 1960 to 2018

Extreme precipitation over drylands, especially deserts, has been observed, whereas the precipitation changes in Chinese deserts have been rarely studied. Here, we used a daily grid precipitation data set generated via weather station data (0.25° horizontal grid spacing) to investigate the spatial and temporal changes in extreme precipitation in Chinese deserts. Extreme precipitation based on the changes in the total precipitation (PRCPTOT) and the annual maximum daily precipitation (Rx1day) in the Chinese desert exhibited markedly increasing trends and presented a spatial distribution of wetting in the western deserts and drying in the eastern deserts. The increase in extreme precipitation could minimize wind erosion and intensify dune stabilization in the western Chinese deserts.
Multi-scale superpixel spectral–spatial classification of hyperspectral images

ABSTRACT A novel multi-scale superpixel-based spectral–spatial classification (MS-SSC) approach is proposed for hyperspectral images in this study. Superpixels are considered as the basic processing units for spectral–spatial-based classification. The use of multiple scales allows the capturing of local spatial structures of various sizes. The proposed technique consists of three steps. In the first step, hierarchical superpixel segmentations are performed from fine to coarse scales for the original hyperspectral image and the spectral information of each superpixel is used for classification at each scale. In the second step, each single scale superpixel-based classification is improved by combining with the segmentations at a higher level. Finally, the multi-scale classification is achieved via decision fusion. Experimental results are presented for two hyperspectral images and compared with recently advanced pixel-wise and pixel-based spectral–spatial classification approaches. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed method works effectively on the homogeneous regions and is also able to preserve the small local spatial structures in the image.
A Low Power and Improving Read Disturb Characteristics by Using Multi-CSL Architecture in MLC NAND Flash Memory

Myounggon Kang, Ki-Tae Park, Youngsun Song, Sungsoo Lee, Youngho Lim, Kang-Deog Suh, and Hyungcheol Shin Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC) and School of Electrical Engineering and computer science, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea Flash Design Team, Memory Business, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea. Tel: +82-2-880-7279, Fax: + 82-2-882-4658, E-mail: kang77@snu.ac. kr
The geoengineering approach to the study of rivers and reservoirs

Abstract This Special Publication contains contributions for two meetings held to explore the links between geoscience and engineering in rivers and reservoirs (surface and subsurface). The first meeting was held in Brazil and, as a result, the volume contains many contributions from Brazil. The second was held in Edinburgh, and produced contributions from modern rivers in the USA, China, India and Scotland. The geological record from Carboniferous to Recent is represented. A range of outcrop techniques are presented along with statistical techniques used to identify patterns in the time series and spatial sense. The book is intended to cover the cross-disciplinary interest in rivers and their sediments, and will interest geologists, geomorphologists, civil, geotechnical and petroleum engineers, and government agencies. Some of the papers collected here demonstrate longer term impacts of human activity on rivers and how these might change the future geological record and, more importantly in the short term, impact on the UN Global Sustainability Goals.
Chemical weathering and erosion responses to changing monsoon climate in the Late Miocene of Southwest Asia

Abstract The late Miocene is a time of strong environmental change in SW Asia. Himalayan foreland stable isotope data show a shift in the dominant vegetation of the flood plains away from trees and shrubs towards more C4 grasslands at a time when oceanic upwelling increased along the Oman margin. We present integrated geochemical and colour spectral records from International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1456 in the eastern Arabian Sea to reconstruct changing chemical weathering and erosion, as well as relative humidity during this climatic transition. Increasing hematite/goethite ratios derived from spectral data are consistent with long-term drying after c. 7.7 Ma. Times of dry conditions are largely associated with weaker chemical alteration measured by K/Rb and reduced coarse clastic flux, constrained by Si/Al and Zr/Al. A temporary phase of increased humidity from 6.3 to 5.95 Ma shows a reversal to stronger weathering and erosion. Wetter conditions can result in both more and less alteration due to the nonlinear relationship between weathering rates, precipitation and sediment transport times. Trends in relative aridity do not follow existing palaeoceanographic records and are not apparently linked to changes in Tibetan or Himalayan elevation, but more closely correlate with global cooling. An apparent opposing trend in the humidity evolution in the Indus compared to southern China, as tracked by spectrally estimated hematite/goethite, likely reflects differences in the topography in the Indus compared to the Pearl River drainage basins, as well as the generally wetter climate in southern China.
A Transient Modeling Study of the Latitude Dependence of East Asian Winter Monsoon Variations on Orbital Timescales

Transient simulations for the last 300,000 years are conducted to identify how orbital insolation, greenhouse gases, and ice sheets affect variations of the East Asia winter monsoon (EAWM). Results show that the southern EAWM's dominant period is 23 kyr in response to variations in boreal winter insolation (primarily from precession), while the northern EAWM's dominant period is 100 kyr and is most strongly modulated by Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, displaying a significant latitude dependence in orbital‐scale EAWM variations. The precession‐modulated boreal winter insolation can control the southern EAWM by influencing zonal land‐sea thermal contrast at low latitudes, while Northern Hemisphere ice sheets during glacial periods can strengthen the northern EAWM by forcing a powerful cyclonic circulation anomaly over northern Pacific. The different responses of southern and northern EAWM to orbital insolation and ice‐sheet forcings can further lead to in phase or out phase variations between the southern and northern EAWM.
An Alternate Method for Ranking Journals Using Citations

An alternate method for ranking journals based on the algorithm used in the Google search engine for pagerank is applied to the information science and library science set of journals from Journal Citation Reports. A method of calculating individual paper influence based on this algorithm is proposed. Une methode alternative pour classer les periodiques et basee sur l’algorithme utilise par la fonction pagerank du moteur de recherche Google est appliquee a l’ensemble des periodiques des sciences de l’information et de bibliotheconomie de Journal Citation Reports. Une methode pour calculer l’influence individuelle des articles bases sur cet algorithme est proposee.
Simulation Research on Automatically Generate Software Test Data Algorithm

Testing data is the most crucial part in software testing software,and it is important for the software test automation degree to improve the automatic software test data generation method.Aiming at the defects of genetic algorithm and ant colony algorithm,a new software test data generation algorithm was proposed in this paper based on genetic and ant colony algorithm.Firstly,genetic algorithm which has the global searching ability was used to find the optimal solution,and then the optimal solution was converted into the initial pheromone of ant colony algorithm.Finally,the best test data were found by ant colony algorithm positive feedback mechanism quickly.The experimental results show that the proposed method improves the efficiency of software test data generation and has very important using value.
Assessment of automated multitemporal image co-registration using repeat station imaging techniques

Repeat station imaging (RSI) is a method for specialized image collection and co-registration that facilitates rapid change detection with aerial imagery for time-critical analyses. Our previously reported research has defined methods for automated multitemporal image co-registration and demonstrated the utility of RSI for achieving precise co-registration, but without actually automating the technique. For this paper, we developed a custom software implementing specific procedures for automated RSI-based image co-registration, processed 252 image pairs containing diverse scenes and collection conditions, and evaluated the performance of RSI and the auto-registration tool. We found that the average root-mean-square error of image co-registration ranged between 1.3 and 1.9 pixels for aerial RSI images with 8–14 cm spatial resolution captured at the same time of day. The implications of these findings are that automated multitemporal co-registration and automated change detection could be performed in near real-time onboard an aircraft as it flies, opening up a range of new monitoring applications, particularly with unmanned aircraft systems. However, results with our custom software also indicate that images captured at different times of day with varying illumination and shadow conditions yield poor co-registration, and in some instances fail to register.
ELECTRONIC WORTH OF MOUTH AND DESTINATION IMAGE AND IT’S AFFECTS ON VISITING TOURISTS DECISION IN THE TIKUS ISLAND

Tourism is one of the mainstays to obtain the country's foreign exchange and its development is expected to spur Indonesia's economic growth. Every area in Indonesia has the potential to be used as a tourist attraction, as well as the area of Bengkulu City which has exotic marine tourism, namely in Tikus Island. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM) on tourist visiting decisions to Tikus Island and to analyze the influence of Destination Image on tourist visiting decisions to Tikus Island and to analyze which variables had the most dominant influences of visiting tourists to Tikus Island. This research also has an output target that is expected to be achieved, including this research can provide input for the government and employers to find out Electronic Word Of Mouth (eWOM) and Destination Image so that it can ultimately increase tourist interest. This research was conducted in the area of tourist objects that are often visited by local and outside tourists in the city of Bengkulu. The sampling method in this study is a survey using a cross sectional questionnaire and the sample used is 385 respondents. The results of the research are Concern for Other independent variables, Helping the company and destination image partially have significant positive influence on visiting decisions. While Expressing positive filling variables did not have a significant effect on visiting decisions. However, simultaneously Concern for Other, Expressing positive filling, Helping the company and the destination image have a significant positive effect on the dependent variable of visiting decisions. While the destination image variable is considered as the dominant variable in influencing tourists visiting decisions to Tikus island BengkuluKeywords: Consumer Satisfaction, Destination Image, Electronic Word of Mouth, Visiting Decision