Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The mechanism of thermal decomposition of dolomite: New insights from 2D-XRD and TEM analyses

Abstract Despite being studied for more than one century, no consensus exists regarding the ultimate mechanism(s) of the thermal decomposition of dolomite [(CaMg(CO3)2]. To shed light on such a reaction, dolomite single crystals were calcined in air between 500 and 1000 °C, and in situ, in a TEM (high vacuum), following irradiation with the electron beam. In situ TEM shows that the decomposition involves the initial formation of a face centered cubic mixed oxide (Ca0.5Mg0.5O) with reactant/product orientation relationships [001]dolomite//<111>oxide, <4̄41>dolomite//<100>oxide, {112̄0}dolomite//{110}oxide, {112̄8}dolomite//{110}oxide and {101̄4}dolomite^{100}oxide~12°. This phase undergoes de-mixing into oriented crystals of Mg-poor CaO and Ca-poor MgO solid solutions upon long-term e-beam exposure. Ex situ TEM, XRD, 2D-XRD, and FESEM analyses show the formation of porous pseudomorphs made up of oxide nanocrystals with similar parent/product orientation relationships, but with limited Ca/Mg substitution (up to ~9-11%) due to de-mixing (spinodal decomposition) of the metastable (Ca,Mg)O precursor. High ion diffusivity at T > 500 °C (ex situ experiments) favors the formation of pure CaO and MgO crystals during coarsening via oriented aggregation and sintering. These results show that the thermal decomposition of dolomite is topotactic and independent of pCO2. Formation of Mg-calcite nanocrystals (up to ~8 mol% Mg) during the so-called “half decomposition” is observed at 650-750 °C. This transient phase formed topotactically following the reaction of CaO nanocystals (solid solution with ~9 mol% Mg) with CO2 present in the air and/or released upon further dolomite decomposition. With increasing T, Mg-calcite transformed into calcite, which underwent decomposition following the known topotactic relationship: {101̄4}calcite//{110}CaO and <4̄41>calcite//<110>CaO. These observations solve the long standing controversy on the mechanism of the “two-stage” decomposition of dolomite, which assumed the direct formation of calcite during the so-called “half decomposition. ”
Spirituality The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Followers ' Duty Orientation and

can be found at: Journal of Human Values Additional services and information for http://jhv.sagepub. com/cgi/alerts Email Alerts: http://jhv.sagepub. com/subscriptions Subscriptions: http://www.sagepub. com/journalsReprints.nav Reprints: http://www.sagepub. in/about/permissions.asp Permissions: http://jhv.sagepub. com/cgi/content/refs/14/1/11 SAGE Journals Online and HighWire Press platforms): (this article cites 19 articles hosted on the Citations
Incorporation of paclitaxel-based hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in patients with advanced-stage ovarian cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval debulking surgery: a protocol-based pilot study

Objectives We conducted a protocol-based cohort study to evaluate the outcomes of interval debulking surgery (IDS) followed by paclitaxel-based hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for the treatment of advanced-stage ovarian cancer. Methods From October 2015 to May 2018, 65 patients with stages IIIC–IV ovarian cancer were treated according to the study protocol. HIPEC was performed with paclitaxel (175 mg/m2) for 90 minutes, only in cases of optimal cytoreduction. Results Of 65 patients, 40 (61.5%) patients underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), 34 (52.3%) patients had a high tumor burden with a Fagotti score ≥8 at diagnostic laparoscopy, and 6 (9.2%) had definite stage IV metastasis and/or poor performance status before NAC. Twenty-seven (41.5%) patients underwent IDS followed by HIPEC. The mean duration of IDS with HIPEC was 543.8 (range, 277.0–915.0) minutes. Grade III/IV perioperative complications occurred in 7.4% (n=2)/3.7% (n=1) of patients and no cases of mortality were reported within 30 days postoperatively. The median progression-free survival was 21.3 months, and the median overall survival was not reached for those who received HIPEC. Conclusions According to our study protocol, IDS followed by paclitaxel-based HIPEC as a first-line treatment appears to be feasible and safe for the treatment of advanced-stage ovarian cancer. Further evaluations of this procedure are required to assess its survival benefits.
Ballistic nano-detectors based upon the Ratchet effect on patterned graphene

In the present talk, we describe a theoretic analysis, propaedeutic to the optimization of the photogalvanic current induced by a high frequency radiation in monolayer graphene [1-3], patterned with asymmetric nano-defects. Specifically, the latter are given by clusters of atomic vacancies of triangular shape. We propose a completely ballistic picture of the Ratchet effect, where the main contribution to the collective and cumulative charge displacement is due to ballistic scattering. Numerical simulations are performed in the framework of the Scattering Matrix (SM) approach, described elsewhere [4], which is conceptually analogous to the non-linear Green’s function formalism (NEGF). The main difference is that it provides a convenient description of the graphene lattice in terms of propagating and evanescent modes. Triangular holes are analysed as paired defects in monolayer graphene, as depicted in figure 1(a). The shape of the holes affects the charge scattering and changes the charge distribution induced by an external applied voltage. The latter is given by a plane-wave impinging on the plane of graphene in the normal direction: the electric field E is assumed as polarized along the y-axis, in order to promote charge displacement in the this direction. The resulting voltage can varied continuously in the interval from -∆V to ∆V, with ∆V=|Ey| ∙L and the resulting charge distribution can mediated in this interval, in order to reproduce an average charge distribution over a period 2π/ω of the electromagnetic excitation [5]:
Achieving Lightweight and Fine-grained Access Control in Mobile Cloud Computing

Mobile cloud computing has emerged as one of the most promising technologies, which can greatly enlarge the application range of mobile devices by moving data storage and processing to powerful and centralized computing platforms located in clouds. However, how to keep data security and data privacy is an important and challenging issue when users outsource their sensitive data to mobile cloud for sharing. In this paper, we present a novel lightweight and fine-grained data access control scheme based on attribute-based encryption for mobile cloud computing. The analysis shows that the proposed scheme can meet the security requirement of mobile cloud computing, and provide flexible and expressive data access control policy. Furthermore, it has less computation cost compared with other schemes.
Volcanic radiative forcing from 1979 to 2015 1

Boulder, CO 80307 8 Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA NCAS-Climate, University of Reading, Reading, UK 9 Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK 10 National Centre for Earth Observation, United Kingdom 11 Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK 12 School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory (ESRL) Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA 13 Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 14
Individual and Workplace-Specific Determinants of Paid and Unpaid Overtime Work in Germany

In Germany, overtime work is a well-established instrument for varying working hours of employees and is of great importance for establishments as a measure of internal flexibility. However, not all employees are affected to the same degree by a variation of the work effort through overtime work. Besides socio-demographic factors, workplace-specific factors that provide information about the position of employees in the establishment play an important role, too. So far, we do not know enough how these workplace-specific factors are associated with overtime work. This question is at the center of this study. In the analysis, women and part-time employees are taken into account, while previous studies mostly focused on full-time employees and/or male workers. On the basis of the data of the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), the results show a significant negative correlation between women and paid overtime and between part-time employees and unpaid overtime. If the employees performance is regularly assessed by a superior, paid overtime is less likely, while unpaid overtime becomes more likely. In executive positions, there is a significant positive correlation with paid and unpaid overtime work. Unpaid overtime is more likely with a growing autonomy in the employees’ workplace, whereas paid overtime becomes less likely. However, the length of the training period on the job as well as job related burdens due to a job at risk and a limited employment contract seem to have no association with paid or unpaid overtime.
Correlation between Sulforaphane and Glutathione Peroxides-1 Accelerates Breast Cancer Cell Apoptosis

Broccoli and broccoli sprouts have long been shown to contain large amounts of glucosinolates [1]. These compounds have been shown by numerous reports to be chemo-preventive against many cancer types. Such anti-cancer activity is due to the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosinolates from isothiocyanates [2]. Sulforaphane (SFN) is produced from glucoraphanin which is a major glucosinolate found in broccoli/broccoli sprouts [3]. SFN blocks tumor genesis primarily by inhibiting enzymes that convert procarcinogens to carcinogens and inducing enzymes that promote excretion of carcinogens [2]. Furthermore, SFN inhibits tumor cell growth by modulating cellular activities such as apoptosis or cell cycle by regulating key molecules involved in each phenomenon [2,4]. Other anti-tumorigenic activities of SFN include downregulation of molecules such as VEGF, HIF-1α, MMP-2 and MMP-9 that promote angiogenesis and metastasis [4]. SFN is also effective against cancer stem cells that rely upon given growth pathways including Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog and Notch to self renews [57]. And promote cancer chemoand radio-resistance [8-10]. SFN has been shown to inhibit breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) in size and number by down regulating their Wnt/β-catenin self-renewal pathway [11]. Glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX-1) is a seleniumdependent antioxidant enzyme and GPX-1 gene polymorphisms and sequence alterations have been implicated in cancer development [12]. These changes minimize GPX-1 responsiveness to selenium and so reduce GPX-1 cytosolic activity ultimately leading to development of various cancers including breast cancer (BC) [12]. We have previously shown that GPX-1 can synergize with the natural turmeric compound curcumin beside anti-Her2 antibody herceptin in inducing BC cell apoptosis [13]. In this study, we examined function of GPX-1 in potentiating SFN in inducing MCF7 cell death and modifying expression levels of related molecules.
Elicitation in Second Life

The paper describes a novel method for opinion elicitation, which is based on the popular 3D online world of “Second Life”. Here people, as avatars, are put into a somewhat realistic context related to the topic for which opinions are sought. We hypothesize that this kind of concrete, interactive context supports the evocation of opinions better than non-context methods, e.g. only showing related images. To confirm our hypothesis, we conducted a small pilot study, which compares the influence of static and interactive context methods on the opinions expressed by subjects. The opinion elicitation scenario in Second Life is supported by the automatic retrieval of opinions from the web. The results of a study indicate that subjects show more reasoned opinions in the interactive condition. A demo illustrating the content of this paper is available.
Photo-Enhanced Delivery of Genetic Material Using Curcumin Loaded Composite Nanocarriers

Since several ages, light has been used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of psoriasis, vitiligo, rickets, and skin cancer [1]. Photo Dynamic Therapy (PDT) is the therapeutic utilisation of light with or without the use of an adjuvant. An otherwise inter photosensitiser delivered to the target tissue is activated using light at a specific wavelength. Upon photo-activation, in presence of molecular oxygen, reactive oxygen species are generated which selectively destroy the tumour tissue [2,3]. PDT has already been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of certain pre-malignant and malignant diseases [4,5]. Curcumin, a naturally occurring multifaceted drug, obtained from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa has been used extensively for its antibacterial and antitumor properties and more recently for photodynamic therapy [6]. A subcategory of photodynamic therapy, Photo Chemical Internalisation (PCI) is the use of light for the breakdown of endo/lysosomal membranes to facilitate release of their respective contents. This process is driven by the presence of photosensitisers in these membranes which upon photo-activation initiate photochemical reactions causing rupture of the vesicles leading to the release of the endocytosed contents [7,8]. PCI could be used for both triggered release and enhanced release of therapeutically active substances and biomolecules [9,10].
Application of the compartmental model to the gas–liquid precipitation of CO2-Ca(OH)2 aqueous system in a stirred tank

A compartmental model is formulated to assess the influence of fluid dynamics on the gas–liquid precipitation of CO2(g)-Ca(OH)2(aq) system in a stirred tank reactor. The model combines the description of the flow field with several sub-models, namely gas to liquid mass transfer, chemical reaction, precipitation, and population balance for both gas bubbles and solid crystals. The modeling predictions, including the average volumetric mass transfer coefficient, the concentration of calcium ions, the pH of the solution and the Sauter mean diameter of the final crystal products are eventually compared with measurements carried out on a pilot-scale stirred tank. The results show that the local volumetric mass transfer rate and the final particle sizes distribution of the crystals are significantly affected by high local turbulence near the impeller. The local information simulated by the compartmental model, such as mass transfer rate, gas hold up and particle size of crystals and bubbles are important for the design and scaling of gas–liquid precipitators, with a computational time which is of several orders of magnitude faster than a full CFD computation. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 378–386, 2017
Earth's core internal dynamics 1840–2010 imaged by inverse geodynamo modelling

Inverse geodynamo modelling seeks to estimate the dynamic state of Earth's core from geo-magnetic data and the statistical information brought by a prior self-consistent, 3-D numerical model of the geodynamo. The method rests on the use of least-squares inversions under constraints and estimates hidden quantities by taking advantage of linear relations and long-range statistical correlations with the magnetic observations. The data, together with their error statistics, are provided by geomagnetic field models COV-OBS, gufm-sat-Q3 and CM4, covering epochs 1840–2010. The prior numerical model is the recently published coupled Earth dynamo, the output of which presents a high degree of morphological semblance to the geomagnetic field while reproducing the main features of its secular variation. An analysis of the inversion misfits to the data shows that the prior model generally accounts well for the main field and secular variation data within their specified errors, throughout the investigated time period. Inverted core flows are confirmed to be mainly organized in columns parallel to the Earth's rotation axis. A previously observed giant eccentric columnar gyre of westward-drifting flow is found to be present from epoch 1870 onwards, and its structure is shown to slowly rotate westwards at a rate up to 0.1 • yr −1 , confirming an earlier prediction based on direct numerical modelling. Temporal variations in the axisymmetric part of the gyre accurately account for observed variations of the length of the day in recent epochs. Inverted magnetic structures support a mechanism of azimuthal flux expulsion by convective columns to explain the origin of low-latitude magnetic flux patches existing beneath the Atlantic. The 1840–2010 time average of the inverted density anomaly field has a longitudinal hemispheric structure, with most of the buoyancy in the Eastern hemisphere, consistent with rapid surges of convective columns imaged in this hemisphere, with earlier proposals of a faster inner core freezing there, and with a possible east-to-west convective translation of the solid inner core. The typical timescales of flow variation observed in the inversions are two to three times shorter than those naturally produced by a direct simulation of the prior model, underlining its limits in fully rendering the Earth's core short timescale dynamics.
Sensory Processing Describing complex cells in primary visual cortex : a comparison of context and multifilter LN models X

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A Study of Improving Eighth Graders' Learning Deficiency in Algebra by Applying a Realistic Context Instructional Design.

The intention of this study was to improve the learning deficiency in algebraic learning and to enhance Taiwanese middle students’ learning achievement and interest in algebra. By using a grade skipping experimental design, the research team intended to find out an effective way to benefit these students’ leaning in abstract algebraic concepts. Therefore, this study aimed to explore how the “realistic context” instructional design influenced 8th graders’ performance on algebraic grade skipping learning of “linear programming”. A quasi-experimental design with a post-test was employed in this study. Samples were selected purposely from thirty-six 8th graders of a junior high school as the Experimental Group, while seventy-nine 12th graders of a senior high school were chosen as the Control Group. Data were mainly gathered by the linear programming achievement test after executing the instruction. Statistical analyses were performed to answer the research question. Findings indicated that there was no significant difference between 8th graders (Experiment) and 12th graders (Control) on the performance of the linear programming achievement test. This result indicated that the instructional material with a realistic context design used in this study did help students to learn the abstract algebra effectively.
Detection , identification and quantification of indicator bacteria from drinking water

Our work present an overview of the various analytical techniques for determining numbers of faecal index and indicator bacteria as well as selected pathogens in water samples. It includes conventional and new (principally molecular biology) techniques and outlines the performance characteristics of the different methods. Our work describes the more “classical” methods, witch depend largely on cultivation techniques, as well as molecular methods. The majority of the methods presented here have already proven to be useful in drinking water microbiology or display great potential. In the detection, identification and quantification of target organisms some approaches are solely based on a single technique whereas other strategies take advantage of a combination of different methods. For example, to identify Escherichia Coli reliance can be placed on one day cultivation on chromogenic media. Alternatively, in a much faster approach, short precultivation on an artificial medium can be combined with labeling using fluorescent probes and microscopy. On the horizon are methods based on micro arrays and biosensors. Advances in semiconductors and computers are expected to allow the next generation of microbial sensors to be small and simple devices, witch are quick to respond. The future thus holds the promise of new techniques for detecting both existing and emerging pathogens
Multi-Response Optimization For Industrial Processes

Process optimization is a very important point in modern industry. There are many classical optimization methods, which can be applied when some mathematical conditions are verified. Real situations are not very simple so that classical methods may not succeed in optimizing; as in cases when the optimization has several contradictory objectives (Collette, 2002). The purpose of this work is to propose an optimization method for industrial processes with multiple inputs and multiple outputs (MIMO), for which the optimization objectives are generally contradictory and for which some objectives are not maximum or minimum but performance criteria. The first step of this method is modeling each process response by a quadratic model. After establishing the model, we use a simplified numerical optimization algorithm in order to determine values of the parameters allowing optimizing the different responses, for MIMO processes. This method will also allow finding optimum target values for multiple inputs single output processes.
Arrival of round goby Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814) and bighead goby Ponticola kessleri (Günther, 1861) in the High Rhine (Switzerland)

A number of Ponto-Caspian gobiid species are currently invading European coasts and freshwaters. They do not only present a nuisance to fishermen, but evidence suggests that they compete with native benthic fishes and may contribute to changes in ecosystem function. This paper reports the presence of round goby Neogobius melanostomus individuals and an established population of bighead goby Ponticola kessleri in the High Rhine.