Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Data-To-Sound Mapping To Sonify Ongoing System Status In Continuous Manual Control Task

This study empirically examines parameter-mapping sonifications to represent the difference or error between the desired state and the current state of the system being controlled using the non-speech audio. Eight different types of data-to-sound mappings were prepared by which the error was mapped onto either or both of two acoustic parameters of intensity and frequency. The mappings were tested through an experiment using a one-dimensional tracking task. The experimental results shows the following points: 1) as for the tracking task, the mappings are preferable in which the sound intensity falls as the error decreases, 2) no audible sound when no error remains is effective because listeners can easily identify the achievement to the goal from the sound itself, and 3) it seems more effective to map the error to the intensity and frequency redundantly than only to either of them, if perceptual interaction between changes in loudness and pitch is considered enough.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer on a Cooled Turbine Vane

An experimental research program was performed in a pressurized hot component test rig to evaluate surface temperatures, cooling effectiveness and heat transfer coefficients on a convective cooled turbine vane at near engine conditions. The results were obtained in a 40° five-vane sector cascade at exit Reynolds numbers of 0.98*106 and 2.28*106 at a turbulence level of 4 %. The tests were performed both in steady state and in transient modes. The temperature solving part of a cooling design system was used to evaluate the heat transfer coefficients. A two-dimensional boundary layer program and the commercial Navier-Stokes code Rampant were used for obtaining the numerical results. This paper describes the experimental procedure, the evaluation model and method and the comparison of the first experimental results with numerical calculations.Copyright © 1998 by ASME
Indoor Autonomous Navigation Technology Research Based on Lidar for Quad-Copter Aerial Robot

An indoor autonomous navigation system without GPS has been developed, based on the platform of quad-copter, which may fulfill the task of searching, identifying and entering the target room in a building with multi-rooms corridor. A pose sensor was utilized to stabilize the aircraft. The SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) and plan route in unknown environment have been created by a 2D lidar. A calibrated monocular camera has been used to recognize different marks to make sure the vehicle to enter the target room. The test result showed that the indoor autonomous navigation technology based on lidar for quad-copter aerial robot is feasible and successful.
Ultra-compact plasmonic nanoring laser

We presented the design of metallic-semiconductor nanolasers based on ring configuration lasing at around 1450 nm wavelength. The design and simulation of the nanolaser are done with 3D body-of-revolution (BOR) finite-differencetime- domain (FDTD) simulator based on a multi-level multi-electron system. Both passive cavity optimization and active laser simulation are carried out. New results are reported, but to be more comprehensive we also review some of our previous results. For the smallest design, which corresponds to one resonance order in the cavity, the total footprint of the nanolaser is only about 0.038 μm2, and the physical device volume and the mode volume are only about 1.1(λ/2n)3 and 0.001(λ/2n)3, respectively, where n is the average index of the gain material. This device by us is the smallest reported to date, to the best of our knowledge. We also design for higher resonance orders that have larger dimensions and better fabrication feasibility, as well as taking into consideration the fabrication tolerances. All these are presented in the paper.
Qualityassurance for environment of plant growth facilities

Quality assurance (QA) processes are necessary to ensure that the environment of controlled environment facilities is known, is accurately measured, and the resulting data is valid. These QA procedures for plant growth facilities are based on the published ASAE Engineering Practice ANSI/ASAE EP411.4, “Guidelines for measuring and reporting environmental parameters for plant experiments in growth chambers”. The ISO9001:2000 Quality Assurance System procedures apply to the environmental parameters contained in EP 411.4, the calibration of the sensors and instruments, the characteristics of the acquisition and control systems, and the records necessary to validate the resulting data. Specific quality assurance procedures for parameters of the aerial environment of plant growth facilities are provided. Further development of procedures and guidelines to standardize and assure the quality of the environmental measurement of plant growth facilities is required. The comments or suggested revisions of the procedures proposed are solicited from the community of engineers and scientists involved in design, operation and use of plant growth facilities.
Simple Wake Models for Tidal Turbines in Farm Arrangement

From wind turbines it is known that the wake, induced by a turbine, has a negative impact on the energy production of downstream devices. Basically, the wake is a zone with reduced velocity behind a turbine. Further downstream, the velocity recovers gradually by turbulent mixing with the ambient flow. In order to optimize the design of a tidal farm, the aim of this paper is to find simple relations that can be used to predict the energy output of a given farm configuration. The energy output of a turbine depends on its inflow velocity. Therefore, the strategy is to find a model that is able to predict the velocity field in the tidal farm. Such ‘wake models’ exist already for wind turbines and thruster-thruster interaction. In this research, the applicability of these wake models to tidal turbines is investigated by comparing their results to reference data of tidal turbines. Only limited measurement data for tidal turbines are available; therefore a CFD model of a tidal turbine is used to generate the reference data. The velocity in the wake is simulated for different conditions with the CFD model. The CFD model is validated with the available data in the literature. The velocity in the wake for a single turbine is predicted accurately for different initial conditions. Modeling of the turbulence showed some discrepancies in the far wake, consequently the wake of turbines in farm configurations is predicted less accurate. Three wake models, selected from the literature, are compared to the CFD simulations of the wake behind a single turbine. The wind turbine wake model of Jensen performed best; the velocity in the wake is calculated accurate for different situations. Mutual interaction of wakes will occur inside tidal farms. Several methods from wind turbines theory are used to estimate the velocity in interaction situations. Three basic situations of wake interaction are distinguished: tandem operation, wake interference and overlapping inflow. The interaction methods are tested with CFD reference data for each situation separately. Most methods compared reasonably well; the most suitable interaction methods are selected. A small tidal farm case study is performed to test the combination of wake model and interaction methods. The flow in the cluster of 5 turbines is predicted satisfactorily by the wake model for different inflow velocities. All results indicate that the principle of applying wind turbine wake models to tidal turbine has good potential. However the number of test cases conducted in the thesis is limited and the incorrect turbulence modeling of the CFD model caused some uncertainties for multiple turbine situation. © 2010 ASME
A noncoherent adaptive detection technique

An adaptive detection technique suitable for both stationary and nonstationary noise environments based upon a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) formulation is presented. The detector, which is statistically equivalent to a special form of the Wilks's lambda test, noncoherently combines the information contained in a pulse train of arbitrary length for decision-making purposes. The probability density function of the test under the noise only hypothesis is shown to be central chi /sup 2/. Under the signal plus noise hypothesis, an exact statistical characterization of the test cannot be obtained, and, therefore, a Chernoff bound is derived. Results in terms of the probability of detection versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) obtained from Monte Carlo simulation, the Chernoff bound, and the optimal matched filter case are examined. The performance of the noncoherent detector is shown to be a function of the covariance matrix estimate and the number of data samples. >
Economic and technical management of an aggregation agent for electric vehicles: a literature survey

SUMMARY The foreseeable increase in the use of electric vehicles (EV) led to the discussion on intermediate entities that could help manage a great number of EV. An aggregation agent for electric vehicles is a commercial middleman between a system operator (SO) and plug-in EV. From the SO perspective, the aggregator is seen as a large source of generation or load, which could provide ancillary services such as spinning and regulating reserve. Generally, these services will be provided in the day-ahead and intraday electricity markets. In addition, the aggregator also participates in the electricity market with supply and demand energy bids. This paper provides a comprehensive bibliographic survey on the aggregator role in the power system operation and electricity market. The scope of the survey covers 59 references divided in journal, conference proceedings, thesis, research papers, and technical reports published after 1994. These papers are put into several technical categories: electricity market and EV technical and economic issues; aggregation agent concept, role and business model; algorithms for EV management as a load/resource. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inclusion of multiple cycling of potential in the deep neural network classification of voltammetric reaction mechanisms.

The use of deep neural networks (DNNs) for the classification of electrochemical mechanisms using simulated voltammograms with one cycle of potential for training has previously been reported. In this paper, it is shown how valuable additional patterns for mechanism distinction become available when a new DNN is trained simultaneously on images obtained from three cycles of potential using tensor inputs. Significant improvements, relative to the single cycle training, in achieving the correct classification of E, EC1st and EC2nd mechanisms (E = electron transfer step and C1st and C2nd are first and second order follow up chemical reactions, respectively) are demonstrated with noisy simulated data for conditions where all mechanisms are close to chemically reversible and hence difficult to distinguish, even by an experienced electrochemist. Challenges anticipated in applying the new DNN to the classification of experimental data are highlighted. Directions for future development are also discussed.
Topology optimised broadband photonic crystal Y-splitter

A planar photonic crystal waveguide Y-splitter that exhibits large-bandwidth low-loss 3 dB splitting for TE-polarised light has been fabricated in silicon-on-insulator material. The high performance is achieved by utilising topology optimisation to design the Y-junction and by using topology optimised low-loss 60° bends. The average excess loss of the entire component is found to be 0.44±0.29 dB for a 100 nm bandwidth, and the excess loss due to the Y-junction is found to be 0.34±0.30 dB in a 175 nm bandwidth.
MODELING PRE-HARVEST STRESS-CRACKING OF RICE KERNELS PART I: DEVELOPMENT OF A FINITE ELEMENT MODEL

ABSTRACT The causes of rice grain pre-harvest stress-cracking are reviewed and a mathematical formulation of the three physical phenomena (heat transfer, moisture transport, and internal expansion and contraction) involved in that process are developed. The formulation of the first two processes is translated into a finite element model that simultaneously solves the coupled diffusion of heat and moisture as a single problem with two degrees of freedom per node. The rice kernel is approximated as an axisymmetric solid and the finite element solution of the internal expansion or contraction process also involves two nodal unknowns at each node. Axisymmetric linear triangular elements with two degrees of freedom per node are used to discretize the rice grain in both models. A failure criterion based on the local maximum strain energy density of distortion serves to determine when and where cracking of the rice endosperm is initiated and how it propagates within the grain.
An Empirical Analysis of the Gaze Behavior of Aircraft Pilots within a Highly Automated Aircraft-Air Traffic Control Environment

An increasing level of automation in the flight cockpit more and more prevents pilots from receiving direct feedback from the aircraft. This lack may result in deficient situation awareness, which can degrade the dependability of the pilot-aircraft system substantially. To assist the pilot in maintaining a high level of situation awareness, adaptive situation assessment systems based on monitoring the pilot’s gaze behavior may represent a means for future development. However, the measurement details need to be specified, and, much more important, the individual characteristics of pilot gaze change require exploration. For a highly automated environment, the impact of the aircraft’s states and the communication with the air traffic control on the gaze behavior were investigated, but the study’s conclusions are based on one professional pilot, only, which impedes generalization. Therefore, this paper aims (a) at replicating the effects of the aircraft’s states and communication efforts on pilots’ gaze behavior and (b) at analyzing whether there are inter-individual differences in the gaze patterns of pilots. For this purpose, the data of a study with twelve professional pilots were used for exploration. During the trial flights two scenarios were flown while the states of the aircraft, the communication with the air traffic control, and the pilot’s gaze behavior were recorded. Data analytic procedure revealed significant interindividual differences. In addition, the results replicated the findings of the one-participant study: Especially the altitude of the aircraft and the special format of the communication impact the pilots’ visual attention.
Novel Coplanar Waveguide Circulator Using Metallized Yttrium Iron Garnet Disk

Through numerical simulations, we present a novel coplanar waveguide (CPW) circulator using bulk Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) as the active material. This simple design allows circulation to be achieved using CPW lines, by having a metallized YIG disk on top of the center conductor. The metallization serves to direct the electromagnetic fields in the center region such that the circulation conditions can be satisfied. Simulation results show good nonreciprocal behavior. At circulation frequency of 9.88 GHz, an insertion loss of −0.37 dB, return loss of −18.5 dB, and isolation of −16.8 dB is achieved. As CPW lines are used, and the YIG ferrite is placed on top of the CPW line, this circulator can be easily integrated into monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2143–2145, 2013
Broadband High‐Power GaN SPDT Switch Using Stacked‐Shunt Fets and Resonance Inductors

This article presents a new GaN HEMT‐based high‐power single‐pole double‐throw (SPDT) switch operating over the X‐band frequencies. The GaN SPDT MMIC switch is presented, having good return loss (better than 16.8 dB) and insertion loss (1.4 dB) measured across X‐band. It also has a very high power–handling capability, with a measured 1 dB compression point of 38 dBm. The techniques and design principles leading to this level of performance are discussed. Circuit performance is confirmed by experimental and simulation results, which are in good agreement up to 20 GHz. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2093–2095, 2013
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting

Providing efficient and clean power is a challenge for devices that range from the micro to macro in scale. Although there has been significant progress in the development of micro-, meso-, and macro-scale power supplies and technologies, realization of many devices is limited by the inability of power supplies to scale with the diminishing sizes of CMOS-based technology. Here, the authors provide an overview of piezoelectric energy harvesting technology along with a discussion of proof of concept devices, relevant governing equations, and figures of merit. They present two case studies: (a) energy capture from the operation of a novel shear and elastic modulus indentation device subjected to applied voltage and (b) energy capture from vibrating commercial bimorph piezoelectric structures mounted on household appliances. Lastly, areas of development needed for realization of commercial energy harvesting devices are suggested.
DEVELOPMENT OF A FLAME WEEDER

The purpose of this study was to select a burner by assessing the flame temperature distribution of several types of burners, build a flame weeder, and quantitatively evaluate its effects on weed control. Barnyardgrass (54.4%) and large crabgrass (34.9%) were two dominant weeds in the test field. The significant variables tested were gas pressure and operating speed, which eventually led to the dose, i.e., the amount of LPG per unit area (kg/ha) needed for weed control. The weed control rate was above 80% with the LPG dosage at 40 kg/ha or more, and above 90% with the dosage over 60 kg/ha. The operating efficiency for a weed control rate higher than 60% was 0.14 ha/hr. In the second year of the study, a LPG dosage of 57.4 kg/ha was applied for continuous flaming as one effective measure of weed control. Three consecutive flame treatments yielded a 99% control rate at 1 km/h tractor speed.
WIMAGINE: an implantable electronic platform for wireless 64-channel ECoG recording

The WIMAGINE platform was developed as a proof of concept and first functional prototype of an implantable device for recording ECoG signals on a large number of electrodes. The designed system provides the means of recording wirelessly up to 64 ECoG channels. Two ASIC CINESIC32 ensure the amplification and digitization of the neurosignals which are then transmitted to a PC using a ZL70102 transceiver in the MICS band. An MSP430 handles the communication protocol, configures the ASICs and gives access to various sensor information. The electronics are packaged hermetically in a biocompatible titanium housing encapsulated medical grade silicone. The whole device is powered remotely over an inductive link at 13.56MHz and complies with the regulations applicable to class III AIMD.
Joint Probability Estimates of Return Period Flows

ABSTRACT IT has long been recognized that the magnitude of flow resulting from a given rainfall depends on the antecedent conditions that exist on the watershed at the time of the rainfall. Current practice for estimating a return period flow is to assume the T-year flow results from the T-year rain and to use this rain with some average set of parameters in a prediction equation to estimate the T-year flow. In this paper a methodology for combining rainfall probabilities and the probabilities of various antecedent conditions for estimating return period flows is presented. The methodology is based on the principles of derived distributions to combine the probability distributions of rainfall and runoff equation parameters to derive the distribution of flow. To date the majority of our work has used the Extreme Value Type I distribution to describe rainfall probabilities and the lognormal distribution to describe the probability distribution of S in the SCS runoff equation. The method is not dependent on the form of the parent distributions that are used. Results from applying the method to watersheds near Stillwater, OK; Coshocton, OH; Hastings, NE; and Safford, AZ are presented.
The Critical State Constitutive Model and Strain Localization for Hostun Sand

Aiming at the limitation of traditional constitutive theories which can not explain the decrease of inclination angle of shear bands correctly when confining pressure increases, a state-dependent critical state model is employed to analyze strain localization of Hostun sands. Firstly, the critical state formulation and model parameters are calibrated through available drained triaxial test results of Hostun sand. Then an analysis of strain localization is performed on the drained plane strain tests. The results show that the state-dependent critical state model is capable of simulating the effect of initial effective confining pressure on inclination angle of shear bands.
Study on Recognize for Lamb Wave Test Signals Based on Finite Element Modeling

In the defect test of plate-like structure, acousto-ultrasonic technique can stimulate a multi-mode Lamb wave. This paper used an FEM method to investigate the Lamb wave propagation, the simulating signals are decomposed and reconstructed by MP and compared with the theoretical parameter curve of the frequency dispersed curves. It was proved that matching pursuit based on tEP can accurately search the characteristic parameters of the signal, realize the rapid signal decomposition and reconstruction, and identify the defect signals.
Modular System Concept For Soil Heating Using Radio‐Frequency Energy

Soil is one of the most important natural resources and its exploitation, preservation and regeneration are huge challenges for modern industrial society. For this reason it is essential to have innovative, efficient, cost‐effective and reliable technologies for the decontamination and soil remediation. These technologies should be flexibly applicable for a wide spectrum of contaminants. Beside other biological, physical and chemical methods, research on thermally‐supported soil remediation methods has increased over the last years. Due to a controlled heating of soil, the mobility of pollutants, their water solubility and their vapor pressures can be enhanced. To support biodegradation of pollutants, the maximum activity of most microorganisms can be realized by moderate heating independent of ambient temperature and seasonal conditions.A new technological approach for direct heating of large volumes of contaminated soil using radio‐frequency (RF) energy is described. This method can be used to thermally.