Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The recondite ★ intricacies of Zeeman Doppler mapping

We present a detailed analysis of the reliability of abundance and magnetic maps of Ap stars obtained by Zeeman Doppler mapping (ZDM). It is shown how they can be adversely affected by the assumption of a mean stellar atmosphere instead of appropriate ‘local’ atmospheres corresponding to the actual abundances in a given region. The essence of the difficulties was already shown by Chandrasekhar’s picket-fence model. The results obtained with a suite of Stokes codes written in the ADA programming language and based on modern lineblanketed atmospheres are described in detail. We demonstrate that the high metallicity values claimed to have been found in chemically inhomogeneous (horizontally and vertically) Ap star atmospheres would lead to local temperature structures, continuum and line intensities, and line shapes that differ significantly from those predicted by a mean stellar atmosphere. Unfortunately, past applications of ZDM have consistently overlooked the intricate aspects of metallicity with their all-pervading effects. The erroneous assumption of a mean atmosphere for a spotted star can lead to phase-dependent errors of uncomfortably large proportions at varying wavelengths both in the Stokes I and V profiles, making precise mapping of abundances and magnetic field vectors largely impossible. The relation between core and wings of the Hβ line changes, too, with possible repercussions on the determination of gravity and effective temperature. Finally, a ZDM analysis of the synthetic Stokes spectra of a spotted star reveals the disturbing differences between the respective abundance maps based on a mean atmosphere on the one hand, and on appropriate ‘local’ atmospheres on the other. We then discuss what this all means for published ZDM results. Our discussion makes it clear that realistic local atmospheres must be used, especially if credible small-scale structures are to be obtained.
Taxonomic revision of the genus Cutleria proposing a new genus Mutimo to accommodate M. cylindricus (Cutleriaceae, Phaeophyceae)

Molecular phylogenetic analyses of representative Cutleria species using mitochondrial cox3, chloroplast psaA, psbA and rbcL gene sequences showed that C. cylindrica Okamura was not included in the clade composed of other Cutleria species including the generitype C. multifida (Turner) Greville and the related taxon Zanardinia typus (Nardo) P.C. Silva. Instead, C. cylindrica was sister to the clade composed of the two genera excluding C. cylindrica. Cutleria spp. have heteromophic life histories and their gametophytes are rather diverse in gross morphology, from compressed or cylindrical‐branched to fan‐shaped, whereas the sporophytes are rather similar. In contrast, the monotypic species Z. typus has an isomorphic life history and resembles fan‐shaped Cutleria in morphology. Morphological comparisons of these taxa revealed that C. cylindrica is morphologically distinct from other Cutleria spp. and Z. typus in having cylindrical gametophytes with multiseriate trichothallic filaments instead of uniseriate filaments (hairs) characteristic of Cutleriales (or Cutleriaceae, Tilopteridales), and in lacking rhizoidal filaments in the crustose sporophytes. Therefore, based on the molecular and morphological data, the establishment of a new genus Mutimo to accommodate C. cylindrica, and the new combination of M. cylindricus, is proposed.
Image denoising using the Gaussian curvature of the image surface

A number of high‐order variational models for image denoising have been proposed within the last few years. The main motivation behind these models is to fix problems such as the staircase effect and the loss of image contrast that the classical Rudin–Osher–Fatemi model [Leonid I. Rudin, Stanley Osher and Emad Fatemi, Nonlinear total variation based noise removal algorithms, Physica D 60 (1992), pp. 259–268] and others also based on the gradient of the image do have. In this work, we propose a new variational model for image denoising based on the Gaussian curvature of the image surface of a given image. We analytically study the proposed model to show why it preserves image contrast, recovers sharp edges, does not transform piecewise smooth functions into piecewise constant functions and is also able to preserve corners. In addition, we also provide two fast solvers for its numerical realization. Numerical experiments are shown to illustrate the good performance of the algorithms and test results. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 32: 1066–1089, 2016
A framework for the execution of automated regression testing

Inom programvaruutveckling ar testning en viktig aktivitet dar regressionstest ar centralt. Regressionstestning innebar att exekvera om testfall for att sakerstalla att de forandringarna som har gjorts i programmet inte har infort nya fel i systemet. Detta gors ocksa med syfte till att kontrollera att systemets befintliga funktioner inte har paverkats negativt av dessa forandringar. Att genomfora regressionstester manuellt ar resurskravande i form av tid och pengar. Darfor rekommenderas det att utfora denna aktivitet pa ett automatiserat satt. Ett problem som finns idag med exekvering av automatiserad regressionstest ar att testare blir specialiserade pa specifika testmiljoer pa grund av det anvands manga olika testmiljoer. Darfor skulle de inte kunna stodja forbattringen av andra testares arbetsflode. Saledes fokuserar denna studie pa att beskriva de aktuella arbetssatt inom omradet exekvering av automatiserade regressionstester samt hur dessa kan utvecklas. Det har varit nodvandigt att genomfora personliga intervjuer samt litteraturstudie for att kunna besvara studiens forskningsfragor. I detta arbete har det kommits fram till skapandet av en allman ram for testare att arbeta mer effektivt med genomforandet av automatiserade regressionstestning oavsett testmiljon. Ramverket innehaller 7 faser: (1) Val av testfall, (2) Utforing/Exekvering av tester, (3) Kontroll/Analysera av resultat, (4) Skrivandet av rapport for testresultat, (5) Arkivering av testresultat rapporter, (6) Vardering och tilldelning av uppkommande problem samt (7) Hantering av testcykeln.
Pesticide‐induced susceptibility of rice to brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens

The effects of rice plants treated with various pesticides (jingganmycin, bisultap and methamidophos) on feeding, survival rates and population growth of Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Homoptera: Delphacidae), susceptibility of the treated rice plants and amounts of free amino acids and sucrose were studied. Experiments indicated that the effects of the tested pesticides were dependent on nymphal age, pesticide and their dose and time after application. Jingganmycin at 75 g a.i. ha−1 significantly increased the N. lugens population. Both jingganmycin and bisultap increased the survival rate of N. lugens nymphs. The feeding rate of the insects was also affected by the pesticide application, but the effect varied between nymphal age and time after application and lasted no longer than 15 d. Results clearly indicated that pesticide application increased the susceptibility of rice plants to N. lugens. Although the free amino acids in rice plants did not change with the pesticide treatments, the concentration of sucrose significantly decreased 5 d after application and the C/N ratio significantly decreased in jingganmycin treated plants 5 d and 10 d after application.
The Effect of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on Industrial Innovation – Evidence from Patenting of Stem Cell Technologies

This paper assesses how financial regulation, in the form of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX), affects industrial innovation. We describe the decision faced by an investor considering an innovative project before, at the time of, and subsequent to SOX. SOX is shown to create a real option value for investment delay through its short term hike and medium term diminution in uncertainty, and we calculate how implementation parameters impact on delay and subsequent innovation. To test our model’s implications, we examine patenting in stem cell technologies from 2001 to 2009, introducing two methods of endogenously detecting changes in patenting rates. We find a post-SOX dip in patenting consistent with our model, and no long term effect on innovation. We reject US government funding cuts to human embryonic stem cell research as a cause of the observed behaviour, as well as five other sets of explanations.
17th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction

Rehabilitation of urban infrastructures has received considerable attention in North America, creating a need for automation. Automating the rehabilitation process of various infrastructure facilities is driven by the need for cost reduction, higher quality and improved safety. This paper describes an automated system, AUTO-DETECT, recently developed, for rehabilitation of sewer pipes. AUTO-DETECT automatically analyzes the CCTV videotapes that depict the conditions of the surveyed pipes and consequently detects and classifies defects. It introduces five sets of specialized neural networks, each is dedicated for one type of defect. The paper also presents the integration aspects of these five sets of neural networks to formulate a solution strategy that is utilized to improve the performance of the developed diagnostic system.
The Evolving Role of Technology in Mortgage Finance

This paper surveys the effects of technology on mortgage finance over the period 1990-2000, from an industry perspective. Important innovations in the three functional areas of origination, servicing, and portfolio management are identified and their effects discussed. Improvements in information technology, especially in processor speeds, data storage media, networking, and telephony, have reduced transaction costs, accelerated implementation of new risk management and valuation techniques, increased productivity, and allowed development an entirely new origination channel, the Internet. The interactions of technological change with demographic, regulatory, and market forces will continue to transform the industry.
Psychiatrists' stigma towards individuals with schizophrenia

Background: Literature on how the general population stigmatizes individuals with mental disorders has increased considerably over the last decades. But the question remains if psychiatrists also stigmatize their patients. Objective: The present study aimed to assess Brazilian psychiatrists’ attitude towards individuals with schizophrenia. Methods: Out of the approximately 6,000 participants of the 2009 National Psychiatry Congress in Brazil, 1,414 psychiatrists agreed to undergo the survey. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a questionnaire that assessed stigma in three dimensions: stereotypes, social distance and prejudice towards a person with schizophrenia. Their opinion on psychotropic drugs and tolerance of side-effects were also assessed. Socio-demographic and professional data were collected. Results: Brazilian psychiatrists tend to negatively stereotype individuals with schizophrenia. More negative stereotypes correlated with a positive opinion on psychotropic drugs and with a higher tolerance of side-effects. Higher age was correlated with positive stereotyping and with less prejudice. Discussion: Psychiatrists stigmatize individuals with schizophrenia and possibly find it difficulty admit this fact. Anti-stigma campaigns among mental health professionals should be promoted. Loch AA, et al. / Rev Psiq Clin. 2011;38(5):173-7
Evaluation of mechanical properties for high strength and ultrahigh strength concretes

Due to fast growth in urbanisation, a highly developed infrastructure is essential for economic growth and prosperity. One of the major problems is to preserve, maintain, and retrofit these structures. To meet the requirements of construction industry, the basic information on all the mechanical properties of various concretes is essential. This paper presents the details of development of various concretes, namely, normal strength concrete (around 50 MPa), high strength concrete (around 85 MPa) and ultra high strength concrete (UHSC) (around 120 MPa) including their mechanical properties. The various mechanical properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, fracture energy and tensile stress vs crack width have been obtained from the respective test results. It is observed from the studies that a higher value of compressive strength, split tensile strength and fracture energy is achieved in the case of UHSC, which can be attributed to the contribution at different scales viz., at the meso scale due to the fibers and at the micro scale due to the close packing of grains which is on account of good grading of the particles. Micro structure of UHSC mix has been examined for various magnifications to identify the pores if any present in the mix. Brief note on characteristic length and brittleness number has been given.
The effect of emotions on risk perception: Experimental evaluation of the affective tendencies framework

The aim of this study was to assess the role of specific emotions on risk perception providing a more stringent experimental test of the Appraisal Tendencies Framework (ATF). Consistent with expectations, angry and happy participants made more optimistic risk estimates than participants who were made sad. As hypothesized by ATF, happiness and anger also led people to somewhat higher certainty appraisals than sadness. However, this change in perception did not mediate the impact of emotions on risk estimates. Taken together, our results provide the evidence for causal role of specific emotions in risk perception and contribute to literature showing that the effects of emotion on judgment are not solely due to the valence of the experienced emotion. However, they also suggest that the processes underlying emotion effects remain in need for further specifications.
PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION OF THE GENUS HYMENOPHYLLUM (HYMENOPHYLLACEAE: PTERIDOPHYTA)

In this study we address the phylogenetic relationships within the genus Hymenophyllum. Our sampling includes the segregate monotypic genera Cardiomanes, Serpyllopsis, Rosenstockia, and Hymenoglossum, representatives of the five subgenera proposed for Hymenophyllum by Morton, and of the section Microtrichomanes. Using morphology, cytology, and nucleotide sequences (rbcL, rps4-trnS, rbcL-accD), we obtained a fully resolved topology with several clades well supported. We confirm the monophyly of two clades within the Hymenophyllaceae. Serpyllopsis and Rosenstockia are nested in Hymenophyllum within a derived clade, while Cardiomanes and Hymenoglossum are positioned within a basal grade. Although some of the phylogenetic associations that were previously proposed within Hymenophyllum are supported, many traditionally defined infrageneric taxa are not resolved as monophyletic: subg. Hymenophyllum and Sphaerocionium are paraphyletic, and the broad subg. Mecodium, whose homogeneity had never been questioned, appears polyphyletic.
Modeling of water balance response to an extreme future scenario in the Ötztal catchment, Austria

Abstract. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of climate change on the water balance of the Otztaler Ache catchment in Tyrol, Austria. For this purpose the conceptual hydrological model HBV-D REG was applied. First, the model was calibrated and validated using current observed climate and discharge data. Second, the calibrated model was applied with reanalysis data. Third, downscaled climate scenarios from 2010 to 2099 served as input data to the HBV-D REG. Thereby two extreme land cover scenarios were considered: for water balance modeling a constant glacier coverage from today and additionally for runoff simulations a complete loss of glaciered area. The downscaled climate data were generated with the expanded downscaling method. Scenario simulations indicated an increase in annual areal temperature by 3.4 °C and a slight decrease in annual areal precipitation by 89 mm in the next one hundred years. According to the hydrological modeling, these climate changes caused an increase in evapotranspiration and a decrease in snow coverage. Furthermore model simulations showed an increase in winter and spring runoff, whereas summer runoff was highly sensitive to glacier coverage and decreased with complete loss of glacier coverage.
Spirallikeness of shifted hypergeometric functions

In the present paper, we study spirallikenss (including starlikeness) of the shifted hypergeometric function $f(z)=z_2F_1(a,b;c;z)$ with complex parameters $a,b,c,$ where $_2F_1(a,b;c;z)$ stands for the Gaussian hypergeometric function. First, we observe the asymptotic behaviour of $_2F_1(a,b;c;z)$ around the point $z=1$ to obtain necessary conditions for $f$ to be $\lambda$-spirallike for a given $\lambda$ with $- \pi/2< \lambda<\pi/2. $ We next give sufficient conditions for $f$ to be $\lambda$-spirallike. As special cases, we obtain sufficient conditions of strong starlikeness and examples of spirallike, but not starlike, shifted hypergeometric functions.
Seismic groundroll prediction by interferometry and separation in curvelet domain

Groundroll is a type of surface wave that propagates along the Earth’s surface. Groundroll usually has low frequency, low velocity and high amplitude. Due to its high amplitude, groundroll almost always dominates reflected body waves in land seismic data and covers important reflection information. Therefore, removing groundroll noise is a very important step before seismic imaging. The most common methods used in industry to remove groundroll are the Fourier domain filtering methods based on the different characteristics of groundroll and reflections, i.e. the low frequency and low velocity properties of groundroll. However, groundroll and reflection usually have large overlap in both physical and frequency domain. Also groundroll is spatially aliased at normal receiver intervals causing additional processing difficulties. Therefore, a good separation of groundroll by Fourier domain filtering method is challenging. In this thesis, we propose a data-driven workflow to remove groundroll. Our workflow is motivated both by SRME (Surface Related Multiple Elimination) method and a recently proposed interferometry method for the prediction of groundroll. It consists of a prediction step based on interferometry and a robust separation step that involves curvelet domain matched filtering and sparsity promotion. Tests of our workflow on synthetic data show clear removal of large amplitude groundroll and preservation of seismic reflection events. Test of our separation step on real data shows improvement over conventional Fourier domain filtering methods.
Regression Model for Predicting Adult Female Aedes aegypti Based on Meteorological Variables: A Case Study of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Considerable interest exists in confirming that meteorological variables may play determinant roles in dengue vector abundance. The principle vector for dengue is Aedes aegypti. Dengue Fever has been considered the most important vector-borne viral disease in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and is susceptible to climate variability. The aim of this study is to describe the association between adult female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and meteorological variables and to develop models for predicting the mosquito abundance using Pearson’s correlation and regression analyses. Our results show that mosquitoes have the highest correlation with temperature at lag 0 time and relative humidity at lag 5 weeks. The highest two correlations were found between the mosquitoes and minimum temperature (r=-0.57) and maximum relative humidity (r=0.46). Two models were created based on the regression analysis results. The first model shows that 86% of mosquito values were within the upper and lower limits of agreement. The second model shows that 94% of the values were within the limits of agreement. The study findings could contribute to the forecasting of mosquito abundance peaks and subsequently guide a plan for mosquito control operations ahead of time that would help to minimize the outbreak of dengue occurrence and prevent the spread of dengue infections.
NUTRITIONAL STRATEGY FOR DESIGNER MILK WITH FAT CONSTITUENTS BENEFICIAL FOR HUMAN HEALTH – A REVIEW

Health conscious consumers are demanding dairy products which should be richer in mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Opportunities exist to modify the composition of milk fat from dairy animals and to improve milk fat's nutritional and manufacturing properties. Different feeding experiments shows that suitable nutritional strategy can be chalked out for production of milk with increased content of beneficial fatty acids as healthy designer milk for consumers and will aid in increasing the profits of livestock farmers.
Factors influencing adoption of dairy technology on small holder dairy farmers in selected zones of Amhara and Oromia National Regional States, Ethiopia.

The dairy technology in Ethiopia was promoted and disseminated through both Non-Governmental and Governmental Organization with the aim of improving output, increasing incomes and consequently improving the livelihoods of the small holder farmers. This paper used the Heckman two-stage model to identify the factors that influence adoption of the technology and level of adoption. Farm and household level data were obtained from 384 farmers consisting of 192 adopters and 192 non-adopters. The results demonstrated that family size, farming experience, availability of dairy production extension services, availability of cross breed cows, accessibility of saving institutions, total income from milk and milk products, availability of training on livestock, age of household head and off-farm activity participation played significant roles on both the probability of dairy technology adoption and its level of adoption.
Exploring Social Work Gaps in Africa with Examples from South Africa and Botswana

Abstract This paper aims to discuss current social work gaps in service delivery in Africa with examples from Botswana and South Africa. The paper uses the review of literature methodology. Findings indicate the following gaps: dependence syndrome emanating from residual/remedial practice; social workers not motivated, recognized, or remunerated adequately; social workers are lacking in advanced techniques; and not adequately prepared to handle emergent contemporary development challenges such as HIV and AIDS. The paper recommends adequate recognition and modest remuneration of the social workers; social workers to be trained in application of advanced techniques; and should be encouraged to adopt the developmental component to avoid dependence syndrome.
Time domain harmonic state estimation in unbalanced power networks based on optimal number of meters and the principle of half-wave symmetry

This study proposes a time domain methodology for harmonic state estimation (HSE) in power systems. The proposed methodology is formulated to analyse the unbalanced operation of three-phase power systems including non-linear loads. It takes into account the optimal number of measuring devices and exploits the property of half-wave symmetry in voltage and current waveforms to significantly reduce the computational effort of the solution process. The results obtained are in close agreement with the actual response obtained from the time domain power system simulation performed with the SimPowerSystems toolbox of Simulink®. Hence, the proposed methodology can adequately assess the harmonic state in unbalanced power systems. The results show a considerable reduction in the instrumentation resources and time processing needed for HSE in non-linear power networks.