Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of innervation in cleft affected oral mucosa

Orofacial clefts are one of the most common pathologies present at birth. The aim of the study was to evaluate the presence of PGP 9.5, substance P, VIP, CGRP, myelin and NFG in cleft affected mucosa of alveolar process, soft and hard palate, vomer and lip. Methods. Orofacial cleft affected mucosa tissue samples were obtained during surgical cleft correction from 21 children aged from 2 months to 9 years and 10 months. Prepared tissue sections were stained by immunohistochemistry for PGP 9.5, substance P, VIP, CGRP, myelin and NGF. The intensity of staining was graded semiquantitatively. Results. Mostly moderate number and numerous PGP 9.5, substance P, VIP, CGRP, myelin and NGF-containing nerve fibres and nerve fibre bundles and CGRP and NGF positive keratinocytes were detected. The most immunoreactive for PGP 9.5, myelin and NGF were nerve fibres, nerve fibre bundles and keratinocytes in lip mucosa tissue samples. Typically, PGP 9.5-containing nerve fibres were detected in subepithelium close to basal lamina, near blood vessels; thin PGP 9.5 positive nerve fibres were also observed between keratinocytes. Immunoreactivity of CGRP was higher than of substance P in nerve fibres and nerve fibre bundles. Statistically significant positive correlation was observed between all markers in subepithelium of all tissue samples. Conclusions. The proved statistically significant strong inter-correlation and the number of general neuropeptide-containing innervation (PGP 9.5), sensory nerves (CGRP and substance P), and parasympathetic nerves (VIP) is similar in orofacial cleft affected oral mucosa to such described in scientific literature healthy oral mucosa, except the alveolar process covering mucosa where the above innervation varies. Very strong and strong statistically significant positive correlations between the number of PGP 9.5, substance P, CGRP and VIP positive structures on the one hand, and NGF and myelin, on the other hand, indicate a Evaluation of innervation in cleft affected oral mucosa O. Rimdenoka, M. Pilmane Papers on Anthropology XXVIII/2, 2020, pp. 50–64 https://doi.org/10.12697/poa.2020. 29.1. 04 Evaluation of innervation in cleft affected oral mucosa | 51 connection between quality markers and common neuropeptide-containing, sensory and parasympathetic innervation in cleft affected oral tissue. The number of PGP 9.5, NGF and myelin immunoreactive neuronal structures in lip mucosa is higher than in the alveolar process, soft and hard palate and vomer mucosa, suggesting the significance of qualitative common innervation in this organ even in the cleft affected case.
Improving our understanding of the influences of the environment on physical activity

Funding was provided by the Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12015/6) and Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), a UKCRC Public Health Research Centre of Excellence. Funding from the British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, Economic and Social Research Council, Medical Research Council, the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), and the Wellcome Trust, under the auspices of the UK Clinical Research Collaboration, is gratefully acknowledged (grant numbers 087636/Z/08/Z, ES/G007462/1, MR/K023187/1).
Grain yield and population densities of new corn hybrids released by the INIFAP and UNAM for the High Valleys of Mexico†

In Mexico, corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereals from the alimentary, industrial, social, political, and cultural points of view. It is grown in different agroecological niches, water regimes, and management systems. The objective of the present research work was to study the optimum plant density per area unit and its effect on grain yield and agronomical characteristics of different corn hybrids. Six corn hybrids (H-51 AE, H 53 AE, H 47 AE, H 49 AE, Tsiri PUMA, and H-48) and three plant densities (50 000, 65 000, and 80 000 plants ha-1) were evaluated. Sowing was done during the spring-summer season, 2015, in field owned by the FESC-UNAM and CEVAMEX-INIFAP. A completely randomized block design was used with four replicates. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were detected for genotypes (G) in the variables of grain yield, plant height, ear height, days to male and female flowering, volumetric weight, grain weight, ear length, and grains per ear. Moreover, the effect of the environment (E) was significant (P ≤ 0.05) for the same variables, with the exception of ear length. No significant differences (P ≥ 0.05) were registered for the densities factor (D). Only the G×E interaction had significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in the grain yield trait. The better environment was CEVAMEX, with a mean yield of 5497 kg ha-1. The Tsiri PUMA hybrid had the best grain yield with 5856 kg ha-1. Although there were no differences for the studied interactions, the 65 000 plants ha-1 population density was the most appropriate. The densities factor did not affect the performance of the evaluated hybrids. Therefore, we recommend using 65 000 plants ha-1 to avoid investing in large amounts of seeds.
Does short selling affect the investment of Chinese firms? An external financing perspective

ABSTRACT The objective of this paper is to explore the effect of short selling on firm investment from the perspective of external financing. We find that short selling makes it more difficult for firms to finance investment projects with external funds, and firms react to this exogenous shock by reducing their investment. The effect is more obvious in firms with lower stock price synchronicity, more investment in innovation projects and more severe internal financing constraints. Moreover, we find that after removing short selling constraints, the value-added effect of firm investment on firm value is enhanced.
ALTERNATIVELY ACTIVATED MACROPHAGES IN PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA PNEUMONIA: MODULATION OF THE NF-ΚB SIGNALING PATHWAY AND THE IMMUNOMODULATORY ROLE OF ARGINASE-1

OF DISSERTATION ALTERNATIVELY ACTIVATED MACROPHAGES IN PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA PNEUMONIA: MODULATION OF THE NF-ΚB SIGNALING PATHWAY AND THE IMMUNOMODULATORY ROLE OF ARGINASE-1 Background: Azithromycin polarizes macrophages into an alternative phenotype and promotes a regulated immunity. Arginase is an important effector of these macrophages believed to play an essential role in decreasing injury and promoting repair. Hypothesis: Decreases in inflammation in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) pneumonia achieved by polarizing macrophages to an alternative phenotype is dependent upon the production of arginase. Methods: Requirement of arginase was examined by pharmacological inhibition using S-(2-boronoethyl)L-cysteine (BEC) or L-norvaline and by infecting arginase-1 conditional knock-out mice (Arg1flox/flox;Lyz2-cre (Arg1∆M)) with PA intratracheally. Arg1∆M and control Arg1flox/flox mice were then dosed with azithromycin daily via oral gavage beginning four days prior to infection. Analysis of weight loss in addition to characterization of inflammatory cells and cytokine production via flow cytometry was performed. Macrophages were then stimulated with LPS and polarized with IL4/13, IFNγ, or azithromycin plus IFNγ. Western blot for signaling mediators, p65 translocation assay, and immunofluorescence were performed. Results: Myeloid arginase-1 deletion resulted in greater morbidity along with more severe inflammatory response compared to the Arg1flox/flox mice. Arg1Δm mice had greater numbers of neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes in their airways and lymph nodes compared to the Arg1flox/flox mice. Conversely, global arginase inhibition resulted in greater weight loss along with greater neutrophil and macrophage infiltration compared to Arg1Δm mice. BEC and L-norvaline treated mice had higher numbers of lymphocytes in their lymph nodes with variable effects on airway lymphocyte counts. Azithromycin treatment comparably reduced the acute inflammatory responses in both Arg1∆M and Arg1flox/flox mice. To evaluate this mechanism, we show in vitro that azithromycin decreases NF-κB activation by preventing p65 nuclear translocation and by decreasing STAT1 activation in a concentration-dependent manner. These effects were reversed with IKKβ inhibition. Conclusions: Myeloid arginase is essential for control of inflammatory responses in PA pneumonia with potentially different effects of other cellular sources demonstrated with global arginase inhibition. Azithromycin reduces excessive inflammation even in the absence of arginase, potentially through a crossinhibitory mechanism involving STAT1 and NF-κB pathways through IKKβ.
Demography and behaviour of polygyne nests of the supercolonial ant Cataglyphis niger: Does kinship matter?

The basic ant colony is presumed to have evolved through kin selection. However, ants show a remarkable diversity in their social organization, from a monogynous-monandrous queen to the more derived states of polygyny with polyandrous queens. The existence of polygyny is an evolutionary enigma, since kin selection theory predicts that while queens should strive for reproductive monopoly, workers are predicted to favor their own matriline in rearing gynes. Using a barcoding system that enables tracking of individual interactions, along with polymorphic DNA microsatellite markers that indicate the matriline and patriline of all individuals, we demonstrate the complex social interactions in polygyne nests of Cataglyphis niger. C. niger is not only polygyne but also constitutes a supercolony at the study site. Our pioneering findings that both queens and workers are not necessarily related to each other support the supercolony structure of the population. Also in line with supercoloniality, we demonstrate that the workers contribute equally to the nest production and rearing of the queens. Unlike invasive supercolonial species, C. niger is native to Israel, raising questions about the driving forces, apart from kin selection, that stabilize this society.
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Biosynthesis and Remodeling are Required for Neural Crest Cell, Cardiac and Neural Development

The glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor attaches nearly 150 proteins to the cell surface. Patients with pathogenic variants in GPI biosynthetic pathway genes display an array of phenotypes including seizures, developmental delay, dysmorphic facial features and cleft palate. There is virtually no mechanism to explain these phenotypes. we identified a novel mouse mutant (cleft lip/palate, edema and exencephaly; Clpex) with a hypomorphic mutation in Post-Glycophosphatidylinositol Attachment to Proteins-2 (Pgap2). Pgap2 is one of the final proteins in the GPI biosynthesis pathway and is required for anchor maturation. We found the Clpex mutation results in a global decrease in surface GPI expression. Surprisingly, Pgap2 showed tissue specific expression with enrichment in the affected tissues of the Clpex mutant. We found the phenotype in Clpex mutants is due to apoptosis of neural crest cells (NCCs) and the cranial neuroepithelium, as is observed in the GPI anchored Folate Receptor 1-/- mouse. We showed folinic acid supplementation in utero can rescue the cleft lip phenotype in Clpex. Finally, we generated a novel mouse model of NCC-specific total GPI deficiency in the Wnt1-Cre lineage. These mutants developed median cleft lip and palate demonstrating a cell autonomous role for GPI biosynthesis in NCC development.
Complete mitochondrial genome of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau endemic fish, Discogobio macrophysallidos, in China

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome of Discogobio macrophysallidos was first determined and analyzed in this work. Its mitochondrial genome is 16,593 bp in length, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and a non-coding control region, and its gene order was consistent with other fishes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that D. macrophysallidos were clustered with other three species of Discogobio. The complete mitogenome of D. macrophysallidos provides new molecular data for the further phylogenetic study of the genus of Discogobio.
Applicability of a reduced order model for a safety analysis code to statistical safety analysis

ABSTRACT A reduced order model (ROM) for a safety analysis code (RELAP/SCDAPSIM) is developed and is applied to the statistical safety analysis in order to reduce computational load. The ROM that reproduces output of the safety analysis code (e.g., the peak cladding temperature) is constructed using the singular value decomposition and the low-rank approximation for time-series data of a safety analysis code. A sampling method that incorporates dissimilarity among input data is tested to generate training data for the ROM. A loss of coolant accident with multiple failures of safety functions in a BWR is considered as an accident scenario. Statistical results such as the average, the standard deviation, and the 95% cumulative probability value of safety parameters obtained by the ROM and those obtained by the safety analysis code are compared. The reference results obtained by the direct random sampling method with the safety analysis code are within the 95% confidence interval of the results obtained by ROM. Thus the applicability and effectiveness of the ROM to the statistical safety analysis are confirmed through numerical analysis.
Creative Ceramics of Bayat Klaten: Craft Development in a Postmodern Context

The pottery craft in Indonesia faces a challenge in the postmodern era that demands them to self-adjust. This study uses qualitative approach in the case study of the Bayat Klaten’s pottery industry. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and documentation. Data analysis was done using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model. The findings reveal that (1) the social system at Bayat’s ceramics industry was a collaborative effort among the Bayat community. This is a contributing factor in facing the challenges in postmodern era. (2) The production of the products is adjusted with the needs of the current time and creative approach. (3) There are many types of modification in the Bayat pottery products, yet they still represent old elements such as ornaments as decoration. This study is expected to develop the creative thinking skill among high school/vocational high school students through pottery making. Keywords— pottery industry, Bayat creative pottery, postmodern
An Uplifted over Logistics Costs Efficiency by the Hub and Spoke System at Cikarang Dry Port

This research aimed to discovered and analyzed those efficiency of logistics costs by hub and spoke system at Cikarang dry port that provides ports which included logistics services with logistics companies and supply chains so it would contributes to reducing logistics costs and dwelling time at Tanjung Priok Port. This research uses Factor Analysis and AHP (Analitycal Hierarchy Process) method as a method to find out all factors which influence most towards logistics performance and how to reduce those logistics costs at Cikarang Dry Port. Factor Analysis result starting from 14 elements into 8 elements which divided into 3 factors such as transportation, administration and inventory costs. The weight of loading and unloading costs is 0.24709, the weight of container costs is 0.20384 and the weighting of stacking fees is 0.14429. So AHP results was obtained from factors and elements of logistics costs Cikarang Dry Port which has most influence are F1 (loading and unloading costs), F6 (custom service fees), F8 (forwarding service costs), F2 (goods inspection service costs), F4 (stacking fees) , F12 (service quality that needs to be improved), F3 (container tariffs), F5 (loading and unloading labor rates).
Spectral Efficient Precoding Design for Multi-cell Large MU-MIMO System

Large scale multiuser multi-input multi-output (MU-MIMO) system is an emerging wireless technology, which can impart huge spectral efficiency, enhanced link reliability, and serves several users simultaneously in the same frequency–time resource. Pilot contamination (PC) is the major bottleneck in achieving the optimum performance of a multi-cell large MU-MIMO system. We propose a new multi-cell block diagonalization-QR-minimum mean square error (M-BD-QR-MMSE) precoding scheme to diminish the effects of pilot contamination in a multi-cell MIMO system. The reduced effects of Pilot contamination result in the enhancement of spectral efficiency for the multi-cell MU-MIMO system. The design of the proposed scheme utilizes block diagonalization (BD) in combination with MMSE precoding that obtains large null space using QR decomposition operation to reduce intercell and intracell interference much efficiently than conventional precoding schemes. The gain in spectral efficiency with the proposed scheme is enhanced through non-universal pilot reuse in contrast to single-cell schemes. Furthermore, the downlink spectral efficiency expression has been derived for a large scale MIMO system, and the same is computed using Monte Carlo simulations to analyze the results. The numerical results depict that the proposed M-BD-QR-MMSE provides a significant improvement in the spectral efficiency in comparison with traditional single-cell MMSE (S-MMSE), regularized zero-forcing (R-ZF), ZF, Maximum ratio transmission (MRT) and multi-cell MMSE (M-MMSE) schemes. The proposed precoding design provides the spectral enhancements of 32.19 and 50.13 bit/s/Hz/cell in comparison to conventional multi-cell MMSE and single-cell MMSE precoding schemes respectively.
Independent and interactive effects of plant genotype and environment on plant traits and insect herbivore performance: A meta‐analysis with Salicaceae

1. Ecological research has increasingly highlighted the importance of intraspecific vari ation in shaping the structure and function of communities and ecosystems. Indeed, the effects of intraspecific variation can match or exceed those of interspecific vari ation. Previous reviews of intraspecific variation in plant traits across heterogeneous environments have focused primarily on mean phenotypic effects. We propose that a richer and fuller understanding of the ecological causes and consequences of in traspecific variation would be provided by partitioning trait variance into its subcom-ponents (genetic, environment, genotype by environment interaction). 2. We used a meta‐analysis of 352 sets of genetic, environment and genotype by environment (G×E) variation estimates from 72 studies of Salicaceae to compare these sources of variation across plant traits (growth, foliar nitrogen, defence compounds), insect herbivore performance metrics (e.g., survival, growth, fecun -dity) and environmental conditions (e.g., soil nutrients, water, defoliation).
The impact of prenatal stress and neonatal handling on the neuronal development of the rodent limbic system

8 1.0 INTRODUCTION . 10 1.1 Stress during pregnancy: risk factor for developing . 10 1.2 Gender and the Brain: Effect of prenatal stress is sexually dimorphic . 13 1.3 Behavioral effects of prenatal stress are prevented . 15 1.4 Limbic system: Structure, Function and Psychopathology . 16 1.5 Stress and neuronal plasticity in the limbic system. 24 1.6 Dendritic spines: modulated by activity/experiences . 25 1.7 Stress and dendritic plasticity . 28 1.8 Questions and aims. 29 2.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 Experimental animals . 30 2.2 Experimental groups. 31 2.3 Gestational stress and Handling procedure. 32 2.4 Histological Procedure 2.4. 1 Golgi-Cox method . 32 2.4. 2 Principles of Golgi-Cox method. 33 2.4. 3 Protocol for Golgi-Cox Staining . 34 2.5 Data acquisition and statistical analysis 2.5. 1 Neuronal types. 36 2.5. 2 Investigated regions. 38 2.6 3-D Reconstruction of neurons. 41 2.7 Quantitative and statistical analysis . 43
Probabilistic Projections of Hydrological Droughts Through Convection‐Permitting Climate Simulations and Multimodel Hydrological Predictions

The reliable projection of future changes in hydrological drought characteristics plays a crucial role in providing meaningful insights into agricultural development and water resources planning under climate change. In this study, we develop probabilistic projections of hydrological drought characteristics through a convection‐permitting climate simulation and a multimodel hydrological prediction for two major river basins in South Texas of the United States. The probabilistic hydrological drought projection depicts the future evolution of spatiotemporal characteristics of droughts under best‐ and worst‐case scenarios. Our findings reveal that there is a considerable variation in hydrological drought regimes near the urban area in South Texas. And the prolonged severe drought events are expected to be punctuated by the increasing extreme precipitation in a changing climate. This could lead to an increasing number of the dry‐wet abrupt alternation events. Moreover, hydrological droughts are projected to occur more frequently for the fall season in the Guadalupe River Basin and for the winter season in the Blanco River Basin, advancing our understanding of future changes in seasonal characteristics of hydrological droughts at a river basin scale.
Reconstitution of the equilibrium state of dynamic actin networks

Principles of regulation of actin network dimensions, fundamentally important for cell functions, remain unclear. We studied in vitro and in silico the effect of key parameters, actin density, ADF/Cofilin concentration and network width on the network length. In the presence of ADF/Cofilin, networks reached equilibrium and became globally treadmilling. At the trailing edge, the network disintegrated into large fragments. A mathematical model predicts the network length as a function of width, actin and ADF/Cofilin concentrations. Local depletion of ADF/Cofilin by binding to actin is significant, leading to wider networks growing longer. A single rate of breaking network nodes, proportional to ADF/Cofilin density and inversely proportional to the square of the actin density, can account for the disassembly dynamics. Selective disassembly of heterogeneous networks by ADF/Cofilin controls steering during motility. Our results establish general principles on how the dynamic equilibrium state of actin network emerges from biochemical and structural feedbacks.
Sustainable development of organic agriculture: Strategies of Russia and its regions in context of the application of digital economy technologies

This paper analyzes the potential of organic agriculture to meet effectively the increasing de- mand for high-quality food, to increase its export potential, and to solve the country’s import substitution problems. The article also reveals the importance of digital economy technologies for increasing the sustainability of organic production. Among the most significant are cloud computing and large databases that contribute to the development of precision farming, continuous online monitoring of the quality of various stages in technological chains, automation and robotization, etc. Following recommendations of the “Organic Agriculture 3.0” conception, the authors examine the appropriate environmental, economic, social, and institutional factors to elaborate complex development strategies for agriculture in Russia and its regions. A special environmental index is proposed to determine environmentally friendly regions that are mostly suitable for organic production. The authors discuss an economic indicator to assess the potential of unused agricultural land for organic farming. The proportion of unemployed working-age population in rural areas serves as a social indicator for the study. By analyzing these selected indicators, four groups of Russian regions with different conditions for developing organic agriculture are identified. With respect to varying potentials of the regions and the external institutional context, the authors qualify different regional competitive strategies and corresponding product niches. The study also provides guidelines for Russian agrarian and environmental policy to support effective development of organic production.