Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure and behaviour of proteins, nucleic acids and viruses from vibrational Raman optical activity

On account of its sensitivity to chirality Raman optical activity (ROA), which may be measured as a small difference in vibrational Raman scattering from chiral molecules in right- and left-circularly polarized incident light, is a powerful probe of structure and behaviour of biomolecules in aqueous solution. Protein ROA spectra provide information on the secondary and tertiary structure of the polypeptide backbone, hydration, side chain conformation and structural elements present in denatured states. Nucleic acid ROA spectra provide information on the sugar ring conformation, the base stacking arrangement and the mutual orientation of the sugar and base rings around the C-N glycosidic link. The ROA spectra of intact viruses provide information on the folds of the coat proteins and the nucleic acid structure. The large number of structure-sensitive bands in protein ROA spectra is especially favourable for fold determination using pattern recognition techniques. This article gives a brief account of the ROA technique and presents the ROA spectra of a selection of proteins, nucleic acids and viruses that illustrate the applications of ROA spectroscopy in biomolecular research.
Intervention for Symptom Cluster Management of Fatigue, Loss of Appetite, and Anxiety among Patients with Lung Cancer undergoing Chemotherapy

Objective: Patients with lung cancer can experience various distressing symptoms. The present study aims to use symptom cluster management intervention based on symptom management theory to moderate the severity of symptom clusters, including fatigue, loss of appetite, and anxiety, in patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted using historical controls to assess and compare the effect of a novel symptom cluster management intervention on the severity of fatigue, loss of appetite, and anxiety in patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Lung cancer patients were recruited from an outpatient chemotherapy unit at a university hospital in Thailand. Eighty participants were assigned equally to the experimental and control groups. The study outcomes, including fatigue, loss of appetite, and anxiety, were assessed with the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System at baseline and days 7, 14, and 28 postintervention. Repeated-measures ANOVA was analyzed to determine mean differences between groups across time. Results: Overall, anxiety decreased gradually on days 7, 14, and 28 (P < 0.001 for all time points) in the experimental group. Fatigue and loss of appetite also declined after days 14 (P < 0.001) and 28 (P < 0.001) compared to baseline. The significant effects of the interaction terms time × group (P < 0.001) for all symptoms within the cluster indicate the benefit of the intervention over time. Conclusions: The pattern of changes in the symptom cluster across the study period was significantly different between the two study groups. Patients in the experimental group reported an improvement in fatigue, loss of appetite, and anxiety over time after receiving the intervention. The results suggested that the symptom cluster management intervention provided a promising approach for the simultaneous treatment of multiple symptoms within a cluster.
Structure Characterization of Tetra-PEG Gel by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering

The structure of Tetra-PEG gel, a new class of biocompatible, easy-made, and high-strength hydrogel consisting of a four-arm polyethylene glycol (PEG) network, has been investigated by means of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Since the Tetra-PEG gel is prepared by cross-end-coupling two kinds of four-arm PEG macromers having different functional groups at the ends, i.e., amine group and succinimidyl ester group respectively, the coupling reaction occurs exclusively between PEG chains carrying different functional groups. SANS results showed that the four-arm PEG macromer aqueous solutions and Tetra-PEG gels were successfully described by the theoretical scattering function for multiarm Gaussian chains and the Ornstein−Zernike function, respectively. Surprisingly, no noticeable excess scattering that originated from cross-linking was observed in Tetra-PEG gels, suggesting that its network structure is extremely uniform. Investigations on nonstoichiometric Tetra-PEG gels showed weakening of the mecha.
Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Convection Melting in Complex Heat Storage Systems Filled with Phase Change Materials

A double-population lattice Boltzmann method is applied to simulate the convection– diffusion phenomena associated with solid–liquid phase transition processes. The research focus is the lattice Boltzmann method advanced to complex multitube heat storage system with different numbers and arrangements of tubes. A systematic comparison of different lattice Boltzmann models for thermal and flow field in the phase-change process is numerically conducted in a square cavity; the numerical results are validated by the literature data. The computational results show how the transient phase-change process, expressed in terms of the volume melt fraction of phase change materials, depends on the thermal and geometrical parameters of the system.
The Effect of Target and Netting Games on Overhead Pass Volleyball Accuracy

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of target games and net games training on the accuracy of passing volleyball. The research method used is the experimental design method using pretest-posttest control group design. The research subjects used the experimental method. The research subjects were 120 participants of men's volleyball extracurricular activities at Makassar City Junior High School. Participants are divided into two groups using total sampling, namely 60 subjects in the experimental group (net games) and 60 control subjects (target games). The test instrument is passed over the head using the Russell-Lange test. The effectiveness test was delivered to see the difference between the control group and the experimental group using the t-test. Data analysis techniques used the help of SPSS 21 application. The results of the study with a value of t = 10,971, df = 118 and sig (2 tailed) or p-value = 0.000 <0.05 or Ho was rejected. As the result, the hypothesis proposed was tested with the data so that it could be concluded that the accuracy of overhead pass the experimental group using the netting games method was higher than the control group that used the target game. The netting games training method is suitable for increasing the accuracy of beginner age athletes in passing on volleyball. The novelty of this training method combines the netting games training model into volleyball games, especially over passing. The research contributes to the accuracy of passing skills for junior high school volleyball players.
Effective hard-sphere model of diffusion in aqueous polymer solutions

An effective hard-sphere model of the diffusion and cross-diffusion of salt in unentangled polymer solutions is developed. Given the viscosity, sedimentation coefficient and osmotic pressure of the polymer, the model predicts the diffusion and cross-diffusion coefficients as functions of the polymer concentration and molecular weight. The results are compared with experimental data on NaCl diffusion in aqueous polyethylene glycol solutions, showing good agreement at polymer molecular weights up to 400 g/L. At higher molecular weights the model becomes less accurate, likely because of the effects of entanglement. The tracer Fickian diffusivity can be written in the form of a Stokes-Einstein equation containing the solution viscosity. For NaCl diffusion in polyethylene glycol solutions, the Stokes-Einstein equation breaks down as the polymer size increases. Using Batchelor’s viscous correction factor to determine an effective viscosity experienced by the salt ions within the polymer matrix leads to much closer agreement with experiment.
No inventor is an island: Social connectedness and the geography of knowledge flows in the US ✩

Do informal social ties connecting inventors across distant places promote knowledge flows between them? To measure informal ties, we use a new and direct index of social connectedness of regions based on aggregate Facebook friendships. We use a well-established identification strategy that relies on matching inventor citations with citations from examiners. Moreover, we isolate the specific effect of informal connections, above and beyond formal professional ties (co-inventor networks) and geographic proximity. We identify a significant and robust effect of informal ties on patent citations. Further, we find that the effect of geographic proximity on knowledge flows is entirely explained by informal social ties and professional networks. We also show that the effect of informal social ties on knowledge flows is greater for new entrepreneurs or ‘garage inventors’, for older or ‘forgotten’ patents, and for flows across distant technology fields. It has also become increasingly important over the last two decades.
A New Twofold Cornacchia-Type Algorithm

We focus on exploring more potential of Longa and Sica’s algorithm (ASIACRYPT 2012), which is an elaborate iterated Cornacchia algorithm that can compute short bases for 4-GLV decompositions. The algorithm consists of two sub-algorithms, the ﬁrst one in the ring of integers Z and the second one in the Gaussian integer ring Z [ i ]. We observe that Z [ i ] in the second sub-algorithm can be replaced by another Euclidean domain Z [ ω ] ( ω = − 1+ √− 3 2 ). As a consequence, we design a new twofold Cornacchia-type algorithm with a theoretic upper bound of output C · n 1 / 4 , where C = 3+ √ 3 2 (cid:112) 1 + | r | + | s | with small values r, s given by the curve. Besides, we give some applications of our new algotithm in some cuvres not considered in Longa and Sica’s algorithm.
Pollution prevention advances in pulp and paper processing

Data collected from a large number of pulp and paper mills across the U.S. show that although there has been a significant increase in pulp production during the last 20-25 years, discharges to the environment have gone down. Over this period total reduced sulfur (TRS) emissions have been reduced by 85%, SO 2 emissions have gone down by over 40%, effluent flow has decreased by over 30%, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS) have decreased by 75% and 45%, respectively. Paper recovery has increased from 20% to 50%. The recently promulgated Cluster Rule, which links air and water standards, will further reduce environmental releases of hazardous pollutants and chlorinated organics. New and emerging technologies, such as enzyme bleaching, black liquor gasification, cogeneration, production of ethanol from wastewater treatment plant sludges, and beneficial use - including land application - of solids residuals are expected to further reduce emissions.
Alternative classification diagrams for AGN-starburst galaxies

Abstract The aim of diagnostic diagrams is to classify galactic nuclei according to their photoionizing source using emission-line ratios, differentiating starburst regions from active galactic nuclei (AGN). However, the three traditional diagnostic diagrams can sometimes be ambiguous with regard to a single object. The main goal of the present work is to propose alternative diagnostic diagrams by using distinct combinations of emission lines ratios. We present these diagrams using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. With these new diagrams, it is possible to better distinguish the ionizing source in nuclei of galaxies and also to study the parameters that are relevant when considering both kinds of objects, starbursts and AGN.
Sociology of the stumbling-block: A profile of Alessandro Pizzorno

‘But he has nothing on! ’ Throughout his career, the Italian sociologist Alessandro Pizzorno's sophisticated and penetrating sociological analysis has laid bare the shortcomings of the theoretical ‘new clothes’ woven by methodological individualism out of concepts of ‘individual’, ‘interest’, ‘decision’. As well as articulating Pizzorno's critique, this article aims to draw attention to the substantial and skilfully designed suit of theoretical clothes in which he has dressed the naked emperor. Pizzorno calls on sociologists to pay particular attention to processes of mutual recognition and attribution of identity: these processes, Pizzorno argues, give standards of value to the individuals involved, who are seen as ‘jealous of their reputation’ rather than as utility maximisers.
Reliability of a popular simulation code for predicting sputtering yields of solids and ranges of low-energy ions

The SRIM simulation code, developed for calculating the stopping and range of ions in matter, was evaluated with the aim of determining its reliability for predicting sputtering yields of solids and ranges of low-energy ions. The simulations were performed using two recent versions, SRIM-2000 and -2003. Irrespective of the choice of the three input parameters of the code (the surface binding, the bulk binding, and the displacement energy), the sputtering yields at a fixed impact energy were found to exhibit an unusual Z1 dependence, which is strongly at variance with experimental results as well as with the predictions of analytical sputtering theory (Z1 and Z2 are the atomic numbers of projectile and target atoms, respectively). As shown in detail for targets of silicon and substantiated for titanium, the ratios of calculated to experimental or analytical yields are generally (much) too large for Z1∕Z2 2 (high-to-low ratios differing by a .
Effects of AGN feedback on galaxy downsizing in different environments

Abstract We have investigated the role of AGN feedback on galaxy downsizing in cluster and void environments, using the sample from Amieri et al. (2019). Our results indicate that, at least in the local universe, the correlation between black hole mass and (specific) star formation rate is statistically indistinguishable in the two environments. Therefore, the role of the environment in modulating AGN feedback effects on the host galaxy star formation is negligible.
NIR–IFU observations of the merger remnant NGC 34

Abstract Understanding the interplay between the phenomena of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and starbursts remains an open issue in studies of galaxy evolution. The galaxy NGC 34 is the remnant of the merger of two former gas-rich disc galaxies and it also hosts a strong nuclear starburst. In this work, we map the ionized and molecular gas present in the nuclear regions of the galaxy NGC 34 using adaptive optics (AO) assisted near infrared (NIR) integral field unity (IFU) observations. Our main goals are to better constrain the energy source of this object and to use NGC 34 as a laboratory to probe the AGN-starburst connection in the context of galaxy evolution and AGN feeding and feedback processes.
Influence of crown ethers on the electric percolation of AOT/isooctane/water (w/o) microemulsions

A study was carried out on the influence of different crown ethers on the electric percolation of AOT/ isooctane/water microemulsions. The crown ethers used were chosen on the basis of two fundamental criteria: (a) the different sizes of the molecules, where variation is found in the external size as well as the size of the cavity, and (b) the different solubilities of the ethers in water. In all cases we observed a dual behavior of the crown ethers with regard to the percolative phenomenon. At low additive concentrations we observed how the presence of the crown ethers caused an increase in the percolation temperature of the microemulsions, whereas at high additive concentrations there was a reduction in the percolation temperature causing the percolation threshold of the system to move forward. This dual behavior allowed us to define the compensation concentration, which corresponds with the crown ether concentration at which there is no effect on the percolative phenomenon. We observed a correlation between the effect exerted by the crown ethers and the size of the cavity. This shows the importance of the capacity to complexate Na + and solubilize it in the interface and the continuous medium on the electric percolation. We also observed a correlation between the effect of the crown ethers on the percolation temperature and their external size. This shows the importance of their inclusion in the interface on the percolative phenomenon. Such an inclusion modifies the properties of the AOT film, facilitating the exchange of matter between droplets. We also obtained a satisfactory multiparametric correlation between the logarithm of the compensation concentration, the logarithm of the distribution parameter of the crown ether between water and 1-octanol, and the number of oxygen atoms in the crown ether. This correlation shows that the effect of the crown ethers on the electric percolation is due to its size and capacity to sequester ions, as well as to its solubility in the interface of the microemulsion.
Recovering the origin of the lenticular galaxy NGC3115 using multi-band photometry

Abstract We perform simultaneous multi-band fitting, using the routine GALFITM, of the galaxy NGC3115, in order to recover the stellar populations of its main components (a bulge, a thin disc and a thick disc). We model 11 bands, from ultraviolet to infrared, in order to take into account the galaxy younger stellar population and the presence of the Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). We find that the majority of the galaxy baryonic mass belongs to the thick disc, which is also the oldest galaxy component, consistent with results from the literature. Differently from previous works, we find that the bulge has the bluest colour and it is younger than the thick disc, either as a result of recent star formation activity, or AGN feedback, or white dwarf emission in an old stellar population. Finally, we propose that NGC3115 was formed either through a two-phase formation scenario, or via an outside-in quenching of an isolated spiral galaxy, whose thick disc had been heated-up via minor mergers with dwarf satellites.
Million Song Dataset. Columbia University. http://labrosa.ee.columbia.edu/millionsong.

The Million Song Dataset (henceforth the MSD) is a gigantic collection of “audio features and metadata for a million contemporary popular music tracks” (tracks— not songs per se) that became available for download from Columbia University in February 2011. An explanation of the MSD is available in an eponymous article (available at the same website) written by the dataset’s creators:1 a Columbia electrical engineering Ph.D. student, Thierry Bertin-Mahieux, and his advisor, Daniel P. W. Ellis, both of whom represent Columbia’s Laboratory for the Recognition and Organization of Speech and Audio (LabROSA); and Brian Whitman and Paul Lamere, employees of the commercial company the Echo Nest. The Echo Nest, which touts itself as “the world’s leading music intelligence company,”2 does not interact with the general public directly; rather, it services other companies such as Spotify, Clear Channel, and eMusic, which draw on the Echo Nest’s data and analyses to further their individual commercial enterprises. The Echo Nest is more or less performing the same role for LabROSA, the main difference being that the purpose of the information’s distribution is to encourage academic study; the MSD is funded in part by the National Science Foundation. The “metadata” of the MSD includes track title, artist name, date, and the like. The “audio features” consist of rhythmic, timbral, loudness, and pitch information in numerical form; no actual audio files are included. Still, the dataset is so large— 273 GB, the same size as some laptop hard drives—that it is broken into several smaller downloads comprising thousands of files each. (Because downloading the entire set will take a very long time, the creators have also compiled a subset of information on 10,000 recordings, which is less than 2 GB total.) Once the dataset is downloaded, special software is required to read its HDF5 format. The MSD is thus not something a scholar simply peruses, or even easily searches through; it is designed primarily for large-scale statistical analysis carried out by algorithms written in computer code. Some significant statistical work using the MSD has already been published. The most notable is the Scientific Reports article “Measuring the Evolution of Contemporary Western Popular Music,”3 which was picked up by the popular press because of its provocative claim that recent “mainstream” music, compared to its own past, “shows less variety in pitch transitions . timbral palette, and . volume dynamics. ” With such a large corpus, experiments run on this dataset will undoubtedly yield numerous results that are statistically significant. In fact, the
Direct measures of chemical abundances from stacked spectra of star-forming galaxies: Implications for the mass–metallicity–star formation rate relation

Abstract The stellar mass–star formation rate–metallicity relation provides clues on the chemical evolution of galaxies. We revisit this relation by measuring the gas-phase metallicity using the direct method. For metal-rich galaxies this is not straightforward, because auroral emission lines sensitive the electron temperature are lost in spectral noise. In order to increase the spectral signal-to-noise ratio and detect faint auroral lines, we stack the spectra of similar galaxies. This allows us to use the direct method to obtain consistent metallicity measurements.
Collagen-templated sol–gel fabrication, microstructure, in vitro apatite deposition, and osteoblastic cell MC3T3-E1 compatibility of novel silica nanotube compacts

Silica sol particles were coated on collagen fibrils at room temperature as they were soaked in a Stober type precursor system, consisting of tetraethoxysilane–ethanol–water–ammonium hydroxide, with or without CaCl2. Calcination of the fibrils at 600 °C led to silica nanotube compacts of cm size. Transmission electron microscope analysis indicated that they consisted of hollow silica nanotubes, where the shell thickness and roughness increased with the calcium content. The Ca-containing compacts were active to depositing petal-like apatite crystallites when soaked in Kokubo's simulated body fluid. Moreover, they enhanced proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells, even produced collagen fibrils.
The importance of the diffuse ionized gas for interpreting galaxy spectra

Abstract Diffuse ionized gas (DIG) in galaxies can be found in early-type galaxies, in bulges of late-type galaxies, in the interarm regions of galaxy disks, and outside the plane of such disks. The emission-line spectrum of the DIG can be confused with that of a weakly active galactic nucleus. It can also bias the inference of chemical abundances and star formation rates in star forming galaxies. We discuss how one can detect and feasibly correct for the DIG contribution in galaxy spectra.