Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tetrahydrocannabinol and Its Major Metabolites are Not (or are poor) Substrates and Inhibitors of Human P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp/MDR1/ABCB1) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP/ABCG2)

Cannabis consumption in the United States is rising. (‐)‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the primary psychoactive constituent of cannabis. In humans, 11‐hydroxy‐THC (11‐OH‐THC) and 11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐THC (THC‐COOH) are psychoactive and non‐psychoactive circulating metabolites of THC, respectively. P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) are ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporters important in drug disposition. Previous animal studies suggest that THC and its metabolites could be substrates of P‐gp and BCRP orthologs in mice and macaques; however, whether these cannabinoids are substrates or inhibitors of human P‐gp and BCRP is unknown. Therefore, we performed transwell transport, cellular accumulation, and vesicular transport assays using Madin‐Darby canine kidney II (MDCKII) cells or plasma membrane vesicles overexpressing human P‐gp or BCRP to determine whether THC, 11‐OH‐THC or THC‐COOH, at pharmacologically relevant concentrations, are substrates or inhibitors of these human ABC transporters. Neither THC nor 11‐OH‐THC was found to be a substrate or inhibitor of P‐gp or BCRP. The efflux ratio of THC‐COOH in MDCKII‐BCRP cells was 1.6, which was significantly decreased to 1.0 by the BCRP inhibitor Ko143. Likewise, cellular accumulation of THC‐COOH was significantly increased 1.6‐fold in the presence vs. absence of Ko143. THC‐COOH also significantly inhibited BCRP‐mediated transport of lucifer yellow, a BCRP substrate; however, THC‐COOH was neither a substrate nor an inhibitor of P‐gp. Collectively, these results indicate that THC and 11‐OH‐THC are not substrates or inhibitors (at pharmacologically relevant concentrations) of either P‐gp or BCRP. THC‐COOH is a weak substrate and inhibitor of BCRP, but not of P‐gp. Based on these data we predict that P‐gp or BCRP will not modulate the brain/fetal distribution or intestinal absorption of these cannabinoids in humans. In addition, significant in vivo drug interactions between these cannabinoids and P‐gp or BCRP inhibitors/inducers are unlikely.
Impact of a Digital Intervention on Perceived Stress, Resiliency, Social Support, and Intention to Leave Among Newly Licensed Graduate Nurses: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND The nursing shortage has been deemed a public health crisis as the turnover rate of newly licensed graduate nurses (NLGNs) continues to grow. One of five NLGNs are leaving the profession due to work dissatisfaction and feelings of inadequacy, risking patient safety. METHOD A prospective, randomized controlled trial evaluated the impact of a 6-week digital intervention (text messaging) on NLGNs' self-reported stress, resiliency, sense of support, and intention to leave their jobs, organization, and profession. Messages to the experimental group (n = 10) conveyed emotional, esteem, and networking support, and messages to the control group (n = 11) were medical facts. RESULTS The digital intervention in the form of medical facts increased the control group's sense of social support. Stress, resilience, and intention to leave their jobs, organizations, or profession did not change for either the control or experimental group. CONCLUSION A digital intervention, such as text messaging, potentially can increase NLGNs' sense of support during their first year of hire. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2021;52(8):367-374. ].
Energy relaxation of quantum dot hot electrons in hybrid quantum dot—Bose–Einstein condensate system

The theory of electron energy relaxation in a hybrid structure consisting of quantum dot interacting with a two dimensional exciton gas in Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) regime is developed. A new type of the relaxation mechanism in the presence of BEC is introduced and theoretically analyzed. It is shown that, in the first order of electron-exciton interaction, two microscopic processes of energy relaxation appear. The first one is related to the emission of a single Bogoliubov excitation (bogolon) by an electron, whereas the second process is associated with the emission of two bogolons. It is shown that the second type processes dominate in the QD electron energy relaxation.
Transformation of multicolour flow cytometry data with OTflow prevents misleading multivariate analysis results and incorrect immunological conclusions

The rapid evolution of the flow cytometry field, currently allowing the measurement of 30–50 parameters per cell, has led to a marked increase in deep multivariate information. Manual gating is insufficient to extract all this information. Therefore, multivariate analysis (MVA) methods have been developed to extract information and efficiently analyze the high‐density multicolour flow cytometry (MFC) data. To aid interpretation, MFC data are often logarithmically transformed before MVA. We studied the consequences of different transformations of flow cytometry data in datasets containing negative intensities caused by background subtractions and spreading error, as logarithmic transformation of negative data is impossible. Transformations such as logicle or hyperbolic arcsine transformations allow linearity around zero, whereas higher (positive and negative) intensities are logarithmically transformed. To define the linear range, a parameter (or cofactor) must be chosen. We show how the chosen transformation parameter has great impact on the MVA results. In some cases, peak splitting is observed, producing two distributions around zero in an actual homogeneous population. This may be misinterpreted as the presence of multiple cell populations. Moreover, when performing arbitrary transformation before MVA analysis, biologically relevant and statistically significant information might be missed. We present a new algorithm, Optimal Transformation for flow cytometry data (OTflow), which uses various statistical methods to optimally choose the parameter of the transformation and prevent artifacts such as peak splitting. Arbitrary or unconsidered transformation can lead to wrong conclusions for the MVA cluster methods, dimensionality reduction methods, and classification methods. We recommend transformation of flow cytometry data by using OTflow‐defined parameters estimated per channel, in order to prevent peak splitting and other artifacts in the data.
Improvement in the Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease Risk by Using Artificial Neural Networks

Background and Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease (CHD), are the main cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Although CHD cannot be entirely predicted by classic risk factors, it is preventable. Therefore, predicting CHD risk is crucial to clinical cardiology research, and the development of innovative methods for predicting CHD risk is of great practical interest. The Framingham risk score (FRS) is one of the most frequently implemented risk models. However, recent advances in the field of analytics may enhance the prediction of CHD risk beyond the FRS. Here, we propose a model based on an artificial neural network (ANN) for predicting CHD risk with respect to the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) dataset. The performance of this model was compared to that of the FRS. Methods: A sample of 3066 subjects from the FHS offspring cohort was subjected to an ANN. A multilayer perceptron ANN architecture was used and the lift, gains, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and precision-recall predicted by the ANN were compared with those of the FRS. Results: The lift and gain curves of the ANN model outperformed those of the FRS model in terms of top percentiles. The ROC curve showed that, for higher risk scores, the ANN model had higher sensitivity and higher specificity than those of the FRS model, although its area under the curve (AUC) was lower. For the precision-recall measures, the ANN generated significantly better results than the FRS with a higher AUC. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the ANN model is a promising approach for predicting CHD risk and a good screening procedure to identify high-risk subjects.
Recent advances in Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensors for food analysis: a review

Abstract Food safety is the prime area of concern that builds trust. With the prevailing advancements, it has become facile to ensure safety in almost all aspects. Technology has grown from tedious lab techniques to modern chromatographic techniques and immunoassays, progressed with more precise and rapid sensing through the advent of Biosensors. Biosensors provide an automated technology by presenting superfast, nondestructive and cost-effective detection in food analysis. SPR biosensor is an optical biosensor known for its versatility and has wider applications in food testing and analysis. It has an optical system for excitation and interrogation of surface plasmons, and a biomolecular recognition element to detect and seize the target analyte present in a sample. The optical signal detects the binding analyte, on the recognition element, which results in a change in refractive index at the surface and modifies the surface plasmons' propagation constant. SPR aids in label-free detection of various components such as adulterants, antibiotics, biomolecules, genetically modified foods, pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, microorganisms and microbial toxins in food and assures safety. The distinct advancements of SPR in food analysis have been found and discussed. The review also provides knowledge on the advantages and the key challenges encountered by SPR. Graphical Abstract
Comparison of long-term outcomes of colonic stenting as a “bridge to surgery” and emergency surgery in patients with left-sided malignant colonic obstruction

Purpose Long-term oncologic outcomes of colonic stenting as a “bridge to surgery” in patients with left-sided malignant colonic obstruction (LMCO) are unclear. This study was performed to compare long-term outcomes of self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) insertion as a bridge to surgery and emergency surgery in patients with acute LMCO. Methods This retrospective cohort study included patients with acute LMCO who underwent SEMS insertion as a bridge to surgery or emergency surgery. The primary outcomes were 5-year disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and recurrence rate. Survival outcomes were determined using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using log-rank tests. Results There was a trend of worsening 5-year OS rate in the SEMS group compared with emergency surgery group (45% vs. 57%, P=0.07). In stage-wise subgroup analyses, a trend of deteriorating 5-year OS rate in the SEMS group with stage III (43% vs. 59%, P=0.06) was observed. The 5-year DFS and recurrence rate were not different between groups. The overall median follow-up time was 58 months. On multivariate analysis, age of ≥65 years and American Joint Committee on Cancer stage of ≥III, and synchronous metastasis were significant poor prognostic factors for OS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.709; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.007–2.900; P=0.05/HR, 1.988; 95% CI, 1.038–3.809; P=0.04/HR, 2.146; 95% CI, 1.191–3.866; P=0.01; respectively). Conclusion SEMS as a bridge to surgery may have adverse oncologic outcomes. Patients in the SEMS group had a trend of worsening 5-year OS rate without higher recurrence.
Psoriasis Susceptibility 1 Candidate 1 (PSORS1C1) Polymorphism is Associated with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in a Chinese Han Population

ABSTRACT Background Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is an inherited, complex gene- and immune-related disorder that mainly includes Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). Psoriasis susceptibility 1 candidate 1 (PSORS1C1) is a susceptibility gene associated with many autoimmune diseases, but its role in an individual’s predisposition to AITD is unknown. Methods This study included 1065 Chinese Han patients with AITD and 943 matched healthy individuals. The rs3130983, rs3778638, rs3815087, and rs4959053 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PSORS1C1 were determined using multiplex polymerase chain reaction technology. Results Of the four SNPs, only the distribution of the rs3778638 genotypes was different between the AITD (AA, 2.67%; AG, 19.15%; and GG, 78.18%) and control (AA, 1.52%; AG, 22.2%; and GG, 75.87%) groups (P = .046). An association between rs3778683 and GD was observed (p = .039) but not with HT. No linkage disequilibrium was observed for rs3130983, rs3815087, rs3778638, and rs4959053 in PSORS1C1 among the patients with AITD and controls. Conclusion This study suggests the influence of PSORS1C1 rs3778638 on the susceptibility to GDs, supporting this locus as a common autoimmunity risk factor.
The Limitations of Standardized Mortality Ratios for Coronavirus Disease 2019 ICU Patients

e1270 www.ccmjournal. org December 2021 • Volume 49 • Number 12 hyperactive deliriums that was not found to be significant and removed from the final model. Finally, the comment regarding the difference in outcomes between our study and that of van den Boogaard et al (5) raises an interesting point about tools used to assess long-term, patient-centered outcomes. The study cited found that patients with hypoactive delirium had lower mental health scores on the Short Form-36 (SF36), a self-reported survey that assesses quality of life. Thus, patients with hypoactive delirium subjectively felt their mental health was worse after critical illness than their counterparts with hyperactive or mixed-type delirium. Our study used validated measures of functional status (Katz Activities of Daily Living and the Functional Assessment Questionnaire for Instrumental Activities of Daily Living), depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II), and PTSD (PTSD Checklist-Specific) but did not assess self-reported quality of life. We cannot, however, compare the experience and quality of life of our patients with that in the cohort by van den Boogaard et al (5). Notably, the differences between the subtypes were only on the mental health component of the SF-36, whereas no difference in physical function scores was found. This discussion further supports the need for investigations into mechanisms driving the different motoric subtypes and the long-term recovery trajectory of patients with differing motoric subtypes of delirium. 1 Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center and the Center for Health Services Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
Probing the role of the residues in the active site of the transaminase from Thermobaculum terrenum

Creating biocatalysts for (R)-selective amination effectively is highly desirable in organic synthesis. Despite noticeable progress in the engineering of (R)-amine activity in pyridoxal-5’-phosphate-dependent transaminases of fold type IV, the specialization of the activity is still an intuitive task, as there is poor understanding of sequence-structure-function relationships. In this study, we analyzed this relationship in transaminase from Thermobaculum terrenum, distinguished by expanded substrate specificity and activity in reactions with L-amino acids and (R)-(+)-1-phenylethylamine using α-ketoglutarate and pyruvate as amino acceptors. We performed site-directed mutagenesis to create a panel of the enzyme variants, which differ in the active site residues from the parent enzyme to a putative transaminase specific to (R)-primary amines. The variants were examined in the overall transamination reactions and half-reaction with (R)-(+)-1-phenylethylamine. A structural analysis of the most prominent variants revealed a spatial reorganization in the active sites, which caused changes in activity. Although the specialization to (R)-amine transaminase was not implemented, we succeeded in understanding the role of the particular active site residues in expanding substrate specificity of the enzyme. We showed that the specificity for (R)-(+)-1-phenylethylamine in transaminase from T. terrenum arises without sacrificing the specificity for L-amino acids and α-ketoglutarate and in consensus with it.
Yoga for treating low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT Yoga is frequently used for back pain relief. However, evidence was judged to be of only low- or moderate. To assess the efficacy and safety of yoga in patients with low back pain a meta-analysis was performed. Therefore Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library was searched to May 26 2020. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing Yoga with passive control (usual care or waitlist), or an active comparator, for patients with low back pain, that assessed pain intensity or pain-related disability as a primary outcome were considered to be eligible. Two reviewers independently extracted data on study characteristics, outcome measures, and results at short-term and long-term follow-up. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. 30 articles on 27 individual studies (2702 participants in total) proved eligible for review. Compared to passive control, yoga was associated with short-term improvements in pain intensity (15 RCTs; Mean Difference (MD)=-0.74 points on a numeric rating scale; 95%CI=-1.04,-0.44; Standardized Mean Difference (SMD)=-0.37 95%CI=-0.52,-0.22), pain-related disability (15 RCTs; MD=-2.28; 95%CI=-3.30,-1.26; SMD=-0.38 95%CI=-0.55,-0.21), mental health (7 RCTs; MD=1.70; 95%CI=0.20,3.20; SMD=0.17 95%CI=0.02,0.32) and physical functioning (9 RCTs; MD=2.80; 95%CI=1.00,4.70; SMD=0.28 95%CI=0.10,0.47). Except for mental health all effects sustained long-term. Compared to an active comparator, yoga was not associated with any significant differences in short- or long-term outcomes.In conclusion, yoga revealed robust short- and long-term effects for pain, disability, physical function and mental health, when compared to non-exercise controls. However these effects were mainly not clinically significant.
Quantitative structural characterization of the lignins from the stem and pith of bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens)

Abstract Milled wood lignins (MWL) were isolated from the stem (MWLS) and pith (MWLP) of bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens). The nonacetylated and acetylated bamboo MWLs were investigated by Fourier transform infrared, quantitative 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 2D heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR, and 31P-NMR spectroscopy. The MWL consists of p-hydroxyphenyl (1–2%), guaiacyl (21–31%), and syringyl (67–78%) units associated with p-coumarates and ferulates. A modified quantitative 13C-NMR and 2D-HSQC analysis has demonstrated that the predominant intermonomeric linkages are of the type β-O-4 (45–49 per 100 C9 units, i.e., per C900) along with small amounts of other structural units such as resinols (3.6–7.4 per C900), tetrahydrofuran (2.0–2.3 per C900), phenylcoumaran (2.8–4.5 per C900), spirodienones (1.3–2.3 per C900), and α,β-diaryl ethers (2.8–2.9 per C900). MWLP contained more p-coumarates than MWLS. The various degrees of γ-acylation (17–27%) were positively associated with S/G ratios in the lignins; however, γ-acylation was inversely correlated to the ratio between β-β and β-O-4 side chains in these lignin fractions. Moreover, a flavonoid compound (tricin) was also detected in the MWLS but not in MWLP. The two MWLs are very similar in terms of molecular weights and the contents of OHphen and OHaliph.
Genetic models of latent tuberculosis in mice reveal differential control by innate and adaptive immunity

Studying latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection has been limited by the lack of a suitable mouse model. We discovered that transient depletion of protein biotin ligase (BPL) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxB2) results in latent infections during which Mtb cannot be detected but that relapse in a subset of mice. The immune requirements for Mtb control during latency, and the frequency of relapse, were strikingly different depending on how latency was established. TrxB2 depletion resulted in a latent infection that required adaptive immunity for control and reactivated with high frequency, whereas latent infection after BPL depletion was dependent on innate immunity and rarely reactivated. We identified immune signatures of T cells indicative of relapse and demonstrated that BCG vaccination failed to protect mice from TB relapse. These reproducible genetic latency models allow investigating the host immunological determinants that control the latent state and offer opportunities to evaluate therapeutic strategies in settings that mimic aspects of latency and TB relapse in humans. (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted February 8, 2021. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02. 08.430271 doi: bioRxiv preprint
Covid-19: Predicting third wave using Neural Network

In this study, we predict three important parameters related to the pandemic Covid-19: total number of infected, deaths and vaccinated in different countries of the world where the Covid-19 cases are rising. We have used the neural network of Mathematica-12 to predict the above-said parameters. These parameters can help the Government of the respective countries to strategize their resources in such a way that the spread of the contagious disease can be controlled and treated clinically to reduce mortality. The citizens must be forced to follow the Covid-19 appropriate behaviour (CAB) so that they remain disease-free and healthy. The number of vaccination is being administered during the last 5 months is also taken into consideration and predicted for the next 30 to 45 days. The data shows that various countries have different rates of vaccinating their citizens against Covid-19. The prediction related vaccinations can help the Governments to efficiently manage the vaccination programmes by training health care workers, planning inventory of vaccination, motivating the population through awareness programmes and post-vaccination care arrangements.
A COMPARISON BETWEEN 3D HIGH-DEFINITION MAPS CREATED BY PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND BY LASER SCANNING APPLIED FOR AN AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE

Seft-driving cars are a key innovation in the automotive industry with many benefits that can be achieved to reduce major current traffic problems such as accidents, jams, parking lots, and so on. Various researchers and companies, especially in developed countries, try to solve many problems such as developing the drive-by-wire system, making mathematical algorithms, applying artificial intelligence, with the hope of bringing autonomous vehicles to life. In order to step by step capture the technology and get ready for the test of autonomous vehicles, 3D high-resolution maps, as an important part of the vehicle’s localization and path planning need to be studied in depth. In this paper, based on the selected mathematical algorithm, the performing of two methods for building 3D high-resolution maps will be analyzed to find out the advantages and disadvantages of each one. The results show that the highresolution map constructed by using lidar is more accurate and detailed, whereas the map constructed by using images with coordinates is more intuitive. Therefore, to be able to develop autonomous vehicles with high accuracy for the whole city, a mapping method using lidarcamera fusion is essential in which map of the detailed roads is created by Lidar and map of the rest areas is built by optical imaging method.