Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Perfusion Techniques Can Accurately Predict Mastectomy Skin Flap Necrosis in Breast Reconstruction: Results of a Prospective Trial

Background: Intraoperative vascular imaging can assist assessment of mastectomy skin flap perfusion to predict areas of necrosis. No head-to-head study has compared modalities such as laser-assisted indocyanine green dye angiography and fluorescein dye angiography with clinical assessment. Methods: The authors conducted a prospective clinical trial of tissue expander–implant breast reconstruction with intraoperative evaluation of mastectomy skin flaps by clinical assessment, laser-assisted indocyanine green dye angiography, and fluorescein dye angiography. Intraoperatively predicted regions of necrosis were photographically documented, and clinical assessment guided excision. Postoperative necrosis was directly compared with each prediction. The primary outcome was all-inclusive skin necrosis. Results: Fifty-one tissue expander–implant breast reconstructions (32 patients) were completed, with 21 cases of all-inclusive necrosis (41.2 percent). Laser-assisted indocyanine green dye angiography and fluorescein dye angiography correctly predicted necrosis in 19 of 21 of cases where clinical judgment had failed. Only six of 21 cases were full-thickness necrosis, and five of 21 required an intervention (9.8 percent). Risk factors such as smoking, obesity, and breast weight greater than 1000 g were statistically significant. Laser-assisted indocyanine green dye angiography and fluorescein dye angiography overpredicted areas of necrosis by 72 percent and 88 percent (p = 0.002). Quantitative analysis for laser-assisted indocyanine green dye angiography in necrotic regions showed absolute perfusion units less than 3.7, with 90 percent sensitivity and 100 percent specificity. Conclusions: Laser-assisted indocyanine green dye angiography is a better predictor of mastectomy skin flap necrosis than fluorescein dye angiography and clinical judgment. Both methods overpredict without quantitative analysis. Laser-assisted indocyanine green dye angiography is more specific and correlates better with the criterion standard diagnosis of necrosis. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic, I.
Probiotic gut effect prevents the chronic psychological stress‐induced brain activity abnormality in mice

A probiotic formulation (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 combination, Probio'Stick®) displays anxiolytic‐like activity and reduces apoptosis in the lymbic system in animal models of depression. Based on the hypothesis that modulation of gut microbiota by this probiotic formulation has beneficial effects on brain activity in stress conditions, we report a set of probiotic‐evoked physiological, cellular, and molecular events in the brain of Probio'Stick® pretreated mice submitted to chronic psychological stress.
Does the addition of computed tomography to computed radiography provide more value to final outcomes and treatment decisions in displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures?

BACKGROUND Little is known about the additional prognostic value of computed tomography (CT) in addition to computed radiography in displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures. Thepresent study was undertaken to examine and compare the final radiographic outcomes and the prevalence of treatment methods of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures in patients with preoperative computed radiography alone vs. a combination ofcomputed radiography and computed tomogra- phy. MATERIAL AND METHOD Thirty-four patients with 38 displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures were divided into two groups: a group that was evaluated with computed tomography and computed radiography (17 patients; 20 fractures) and a group that was evaluated with computed radiography alone (17 patients; 18 fractures). Patient demographics, pre- operative and postoperative Bohler's angles, and fracture classifications were recorded. Postoperative outcomes were evaluated using calcanealfracture radiographic scores (modified Zwipp score). RESULTS The mean age ofour patients in the present study was 43.3 ± 12.3 years. The mean age ofthe patients in the computed tomography group (48.4 ± 11.6 years) was significantly higher than that of the non-computed tomography group (37.6 ± 10.7 years, p = 0.005). The mean follow-up time was 17.4 ± 9.8 months. There was a significantly higher prevalence of open reduction and internalfixation in the computed tomography group versus the non-computed tomography group (p = 0.019). However there was no significant difference observed for the mean radiographic scores. Postoperatively, outcomes were satisfactory in both groups, although intra-articular alignment was significantly better in the computed tomography group (p = 0.020). CONCLUSION The overall outcomes were comparable between the patient groups with computed tomography vs. those without computed tomography, exceptfor the superiority of postoperative intra-articular alignment in patients with computed tomography. Open reduction and internal fixation were more frequently performed in the patients with computed tomography than patients without computed tomography.
Genetic algorithm based selective neural network ensemble method to analyse rectangular microstrip antenna

Harmony in variety i.e. unity without similarity is a concept inspired from ancient times. Thinkers propose a team approach based on the same concept for problem solving i.e. using a combined group of solvers to resolve a difficult problem. Neural network ensemble (NNE) is a concept based on the same approach. Multiple artificial neural networks (ANNs) are trained for the same dataset to give the appropriate measured resonant frequency from the relative parameters of rectangular microstrip antenna (MSA). The previous experimental works' MSA datasets have been used for training of ANNs. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is employed to compute the optimum subset of ANNs which perform better than rest available to constitute an ensemble. A model of resonant frequency of MSA is established by using this NNE approach and the results have been compared with some previous works.
Refined x-ray structure of papain.E-64-c complex at 2.1-A resolution.

E-64-c, a synthetic cysteine protease inhibitor designed from E-64, binds to papain through a thioether covalent bond. The x-ray diffraction data for 2.1-A resolution were used to determine the three-dimensional structure of this complex and refined it to R = 0.159. 0.159. In the complex structure, the configurational conversion from S to R took place on the epoxy carbon of E-64-c, implying that the nucleophilic attack of the Cys-25 thiol group occurs at the opposite side of the epoxy oxygen atom. The leucyl and isoamylamide groups of E-64-c were strongly fixed to papain S subsites by specific interactions, including hydrogen bonding to the Gly-66 residue. The carboxyl-terminal anion of E-64-c formed an electrostatic interaction with the protonated His-159 imidazole ring (O-.HN+ = 3.76 A) and consequently prevented the participation of this residue in the hydrolytic charge-relay system. No significant distortion caused by the binding of E-64-c was shown in the secondary structure of papain. It is important to note that inhibitor and substrate have opposite binding modes for the peptide groups. The possible relationship between the binding mode and inhibitory activity is discussed on the basis of the crystal structure of this complex.
A 60GHz 16Gb/s 16QAM low-power direct-conversion transceiver using capacitive cross-coupling neutralization in 65 nm CMOS

This paper presents a 16QAM direct-conversion transceiver in 65nm CMOS, which is capable of 60-GHz wireless standards. The capacitive cross-coupling neutralization contributes a high common-mode rejection and a high reverse isolation, and a fully-balanced mixer can improve the error vector magnitude due to the reduced local leakage. The maximum data rates with an antenna built in a package are 10Gb/s in QPSK mode and 16Gb/s in 16QAM mode and the transmitter and the receiver consume 181mW and 138 mW, respectively.
A Novel BJT Structure Implemented Using CMOS Processes for High-Performance Analog Circuit Applications

In this paper, a novel bipolar junction transistor (BJT) structure is proposed for high matching characteristics and its performance is compared with a conventional BJT structure. Although the proposed BJT matching structure indicates a decrease of collector current density <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$J_{C}$</tex></formula> and current gain <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\beta$</tex></formula> of about 5.36% and 1.02% compared with those of the conventional BJT structure, the matching characteristics of the collector current <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$(A_{\rm IC})$</tex></formula> and the current gain <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$(A_{\beta})$</tex> </formula> for the proposed structure are improved by about 31% and 24%. The improved matching characteristic of the proposed structure is believed to be due to the reduced effect of the deep n-well or the reduced current path from emitter to collector.
Accommodating Individual Preferences in the Categorization of Documents: A Personalized Clustering Approach

As electronic commerce and knowledge economy environments proliferate, both individuals and organizations increasingly generate and consume large amounts of online information, typically available as textual documents. To manage this ever-increasing volume of documents, individuals and organizations frequently organize their documents into categories that facilitate document management and subsequent access and browsing. Document clustering is an intentional act that should reflect individual preferences with regard to the semantic coherency and relevant categorization of documents. Hence, effective document clustering must consider individual preferences and needs to support personalization in document categorization. In this paper, we present an automatic document-clustering approach that incorporates an individual's partial clustering as preferential information. Combining two document representation methods, feature refinement and feature weighting, with two clustering methods, precluster-based hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC) and atomic-based HAC, we establish four personalized document-clustering techniques. Using a traditional content-based document-clustering technique as a performance benchmark, we find that the proposed personalized document-clustering techniques improve clustering effectiveness, as measured by cluster precision and cluster recall.
Purification and Characterization of Hypoxia-inducible Factor 1 (*)

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a DNA-binding protein that activates erythropoietin (Epo) gene transcription in Hep3B cells subjected to hypoxia or cobalt chloride treatment. HIF-1 DNA binding activity is also induced by hypoxia or cobalt in non-Epo-producing cells, suggesting a general role for HIF-1 in hypoxia signal transduction and transcriptional regulation. Here we report the biochemical purification of HIF-1 from Epo-producing Hep3B cells and non-Epo-producing HeLa S3 cells. HIF-1 protein was purified 11,250-fold by DEAE ion-exchange and DNA affinity chromatography. Analysis of HIF-1 isolated from a preparative gel shift assay revealed four polypeptides. Peptide mapping of these HIF-1 components demonstrated that 91-, 93-, and 94-kDa polypeptides had similar tryptic maps, whereas the 120-kDa polypeptide had a distinct profile. Glycerol gradient sedimentation analysis suggested that HIF-1 exists predominantly in a heterodimeric form and to a lesser extent as a heterotetramer. Partially purified HIF-1 bound specifically to the wild-type HIF-1 binding site from the EPO enhancer but not to a mutant sequence that lacks hypoxia-inducible enhancer activity. UV cross-linking analysis with purified HIF-1 indicated that both subunits of HIF-1 contact DNA directly. We conclude that in both cobalt chloride-treated HeLa cells and hypoxic Hep3B cells HIF-1 is composed of two different subunits: 120-kDa HIF-1α and 91-94-kDa HIF-1β.
Quantifying Responses of Spectral Vegetation Indices to Dead Materials in Mixed Grasslands

Spectral vegetation indices have been the primary resources for characterizing grassland vegetation based on remotely sensed data. However, the use of spectral indices for vegetation characterization in grasslands has been challenged by the confounding effects from external factors, such as soil properties, dead materials, and shadowing of vegetation canopies. Dead materials refer to the dead component of vegetation, including fallen litter and standing dead grasses accumulated from previous years. The abundant dead materials have been presenting challenges to accurately estimate green vegetation using spectral vegetation indices (VIs) derived from remote sensing data in mixed grasslands. Therefore, a close investigation of the relationship between VIs and dead materials is needed. The identified relationships could provide better insight into not only using remote sensing data for quantitative estimation of dead materials, but also the improvement of green vegetation estimation in the mixed grassland that has a high proportion of dead materials. In this article, the spectral reflectance of dead materials and green vegetation mixtures and dead material cover were measured in mixed grasslands located in Grassland National Park (GNP), Saskatchewan, Canada. Nine VIs were derived from the measured spectral reflectance. The relationship between dead material cover and VIs was quantified using the regression model and sensitivity analysis. Results indicated that the relationship between dead material cover and VIs is a function of the amount of dead material cover. Weak positive relationship was found between VIs and dead materials where the cover was less than 50%, and a significant high negative relationship was evident when cover was greater than 50%. When the combined exponential and linear model was applied to fit the negative relationships, more than 90% variation in dead material cover could be explained by VIs. Sensitivity analysis was further applied to the developed models, indicating that sensitivities of all VIs were significant over the entire range of dead material cover except for the triangular vegetation index (TVI), which has insignificant sensitivity when dead material cover was greater than 94%. Among all VIs, the weighted difference vegetation index (WDVI) had the highest sensitivity to changes in dead material cover higher than 50%. The results from this study indicated that vegetation indices based on combination of reflectance in red and NIR bands can be used to estimate dead material cover that is greater than 50%.
Subsynchronous oscillation of large DFIG-based wind farms integration through MMC-based HVDC

With rapid development of offshore wind power and modular multilevel converter-based high-voltage DC transmission (MMC-HVDC), subsynchronous oscillation (SSO) phenomena might occur due to the interaction between wind farms and MMC-HVDC system. This paper focuses on the SSO of DFIG-based wind farms integration through MMC-HVDC system, and the mechanism of distribution and propagation of SSO in MMC-HVDC system will be revealed. The control scheme for SSO current suppression is given from the perspective of converter control in MMC-HVDC system. Both the theoretical analysis results and the proposed SSO current mitigation strategy are validated by the simulation results.
Propagation of neutralized plasma beams

Beams of charge- and current-neutralized plasma will cross a transverse-magnetic field by a combination of collective-plasma processes. These processes were studied for a high -to-low beta (β ≡ plasma energy density/magnetic field energy density) hydrogen-plasma beam injected into a vacuum transverse magnetic field with nominal parameters: T<sub>i</sub> ≈ 1 eV, T<sub>e</sub> ≈ 5 eV, n ≤ 10<sup>14</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup>, v<sub>i</sub> ≤ 9 × 10<sup>6</sup> cm/s, t<sub>pulse</sub> <; 60; 70 μs, B<sub>z</sub> ≤ 300 G. Plasma characteristics were measured for a wide beam, a/ρ<sub>i</sub> ≤ 35, and a downstream distance, x ≤ 300 ρ<sub>i</sub>, where a is the beam radius, x is the downstream distance, and ρ<sub>i</sub> is the ion gyroradius. A brief state of initial diamagnetic propagation is observed, followed by a rapid transition to E×B propagation. E×B propagation is accompanied by beam compression transverse to B. with as much as a factor of four increase in density and a slight drift of the beam in the ion Lorentz force direction. As the magnetic field increases, the observed magnetization time decreases from that calculated using classical Spitzer conductivity, approaching an order of magnitude. This rapid magnetization can be accounted for using classical Hall conductivity, rather than invoking anomalous processes or instabilities to calculate the magnetization time.
Chemical and Pathway Proteomics

In recent years mass spectrometry-based proteomics has moved beyond a mere quantitative description of protein expression levels and their possible correlation with disease or drug action. Impressive progress in LC-MS instrumentation together with the availability of new enabling tools and methods for quantitative proteome analysis and for identification of posttranslational modifications has triggered a surge of chemical and functional proteomics studies dissecting mechanisms of action of cancer drugs and molecular mechanisms that modulate signal transduction pathways. Despite the tremendous progress that has been made in the field, major challenges, relating to sensitivity, dynamic range, and throughput of the described methods, remain. In this review we summarize recent advances in LC-MS-based approaches and their application to cancer drug discovery and to studies of cancer-related pathways in cell culture models with particular emphasis on mechanistic studies of drug action in these systems. Moreover we highlight the emerging utility of pathway and chemical proteomics techniques for translational research in patient tissue.
Searchlight: A Systematic Probing-based Asynchronous Neighbor Discovery Protocol

The rapid deployment of millions of smart phones has resulted in a demand for proximity-based social networking applications. However, the usefulness of these applications is limited by the lack of effective and energy efficient neighbor discovery protocols. While probabilistic approaches perform well for the average case, they exhibit long tails resulting in high upper bounds on neighbor discovery time. Recent deterministic protocols, including Disco and U-Connect, improve on the worst case bound, but do so by sacrificing average case performance. In response to these limitations, we present Searchlight, an asynchronous neighbor discovery protocol that combines both deterministic and probabilistic components. For symmetric nodes that all have the same duty cycle, this novel combination achieves an average case performance comparable to the probabilistic approaches and improves on the deterministic worst case bounds. Additionally, we show that for asymmetric cases, Searchlight performs comparably to the deterministic protocols when there is a high degree of asymmetry, but can improve on their performance if any of the nodes maintain the same duty cycle. We validate Searchlight through a series of analysis, simulation and real-world experiments on smartphones that show considerable improvement in discovery latency over existing approaches.
Health behavior: evolution of two paradigms.

Public health nursing is a synthesis of professional nurs- ing and public health science. To assist people effectively to deter- mine and enhance their health capabilities, it is essential that public health nurses have a sound understanding of the behaviors that improve or jeopardize health. This concern arises from the profes- sion's increased emphasis on health behavior and from nursing's stated goal of health promotion. To examine the topic from the perspectives of public health and professional nursing, we ex- amine several issues related to the concept and its definition. We hope that the discussion will stimulate analysis both to ciarib the concept and to contribute to the development of public health nursing science.
Quantitative analysis of the dendrites of sacral preganglionic neurons in the cat

Quantitative analyses were performed on the dendrites and somata of 25 electrophysiologically identified preganglionic neurons (PGN) obtained from the sacral spinal cord of the cat by intracellular injection of Neurobiotin or horseradish peroxidase. Total dendritic length and surface area were measured for each dendrite. The sizes of the stem dendrites measured at their base were positively correlated with the sizes of the entire tree and numbers of end branches. Total surface area of somata and dendrites averaged 39,138 μm2; 90.7% of that was from the dendrites. To obtain measurements of the relative contributions of PGN dendrites to specific regions of the spinal cord, the percentage of each dendrite occupying eight spinal cord regions was recorded. Sixty‐three percent of the dendrites projected dorsal to their somata, whereas an average of 33.3% of dendrites were located in the white matter, most of them in the lateral and dorsolateral funiculi. The neurons within this sample formed a continuum with some neurons having a large percentage of dendrites in lamina I but little in the white matter, whereas at the other end of the continuum were cells with the reverse configuration. The intermediate neurons had dendrites in both locations. Taken together, these data indicate a heterogeneous population of PGN in the lateral band of the sacral parasympathetic nucleus. J. Comp. Neurol. 437:56–69, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complexity of column generation in network design with path‐based survivability mechanisms

This survey deals with computational complexity of column generation problems arising in the design of survivable communication networks. Such problems are often modeled as linear programs based on noncompact multicommodity flow network formulations. These formulations involve an exponential number of path‐flow variables, and therefore require column generation to be solved to optimality. We consider several path‐based protection and restoration mechanisms and present results, both known and new, on the complexity of the corresponding column generation (also called pricing) problems. We discuss results for the case of single link or single node failures scenarios, and extend the considerations to multiple link failures. Further, we classify the design problems corresponding to different survivability mechanisms according to the structure of their pricing problem. Eventually, we show that almost all the encountered pricing problems are hard to solve for scenarios admitting multiple failures, while a great deal of them are \documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath, amssymb} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}\mathcal{NP}\end{align*} \end{document} ‐hard already for single failure scenarios. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2012