Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Home Range, Habitat Use, and Movement Patterns of Female Coyotes in Georgia: Implications for Fawn Predation

Coyote (Canis latrans) depredation rates on white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns are variable across the southeastern United States, perhaps due to varying dispersion of coyotes as related to social behavior and habitat preferences. To evaluate fawn predation risk related to coyote distribution, we studied home range patterns and habitat use of 15 female coyotes during the 2012–2013 fawning periods. Seasonal home range sizes varied but followed two general patterns. Small home range coyotes (SHR; likely breeding females) had a mean home range area of 7.4 km2 (CL = 5.4–9.5 km2), whereas large home range coyotes (LHR; transients) had a mean home range area of 47.1 km2 (CL = 27.5–66.8 km2). We measured consistency of space use as a gauge for predation risk by examining revisitation rates of core areas and quantified movements by calculating residence time along paths. Coyotes avoided pine habitats within core areas, avoided developed areas during the day, and selected open areas at night. SHR coyotes had greater core area revisitation rates than LHR coyotes. Residence time estimates suggested considerable variation in patterns of patch residence. Because of greater revisitation of fewer core areas, SHR females may have disproportionate impacts on fawn survival within their respective home ranges. Future research addressing interactions between coyotes and fawns should focus on improving understanding of how coyote spatial ecology affects fawn predation within an area.
The program FANTOM for energy refinement of polypeptides and proteins using a Newton – Raphson minimizer in torsion angle space

The program FANTOM (fast Newton–Raphson torsion angle energy minimizer) performs minimizations of the ECEPP/2 energy function for proteins with the Newton–Raphson method. It is implemented for use with conventional computer hardware. The torsion angles are chosen as independent variables. The first and second derivatives are calculated with a previously described rapid algorithm. For the matrix inversion a modified Cholesky factorization is used. A line search adjusts the step length and nonbonded interactions can be calculated with a cutoff. The following tests of the program are described: All local minima of the ECEPP/2 energy function for the amino acids glycine and alanine were determined. An exhaustive search by more than 16,000 independent energy minimizations was used to identify low‐energy structures of Met‐enkephalin, which were then compared with previously published structures of this pentapeptide. To investigate the use of FANTOM with disulfide bonds, it was applied with conotoxin. As an illustration of the intended primary use of the program, an energy refinement of the structure of the basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor determined by nmr spectroscopy in solution is described.
Indexing infrastructure for semantics full-text search

The increasing effectiveness and wide spread use of automated entity linking platforms has enabled search techniques to adopt semantic-enabled methods such as sense disambiguation, intent determination, and instance identification within the search process. Researchers have already delved into the possibility of integrating semantic information into practical search engines, a paradigm known as semantic full-text search. However, the practical and efficient incorporation of semantic information within search indices is still an open challenge. In this thesis, we proposed two indexing approaches for building efficient and effective semantic full-text indices. In the first approach, we remain faithful to the traditional form of building search indices where the index key of the index is guaranteed to be present in each of the indexed documents. As such, we will assume that the documents related to each of keyword, semantic entity, semantic type, do in fact explicitly contain this information. For this reason, the first proposed indexing mechanism is referred to Explicit Semantic Full-text Index. We propose various representation data structures and their effective integration strategies
Partitioning of excess energy in dissociative resonance capture processes

The translational energies of selected negative ions formed by dissociative resonance capture processes from the polyatomic systems NF3, BF3, CF4, C2F6, C3F8, and c‐C4F8 have been measured as functions of excess energy over the resonances. The excess energy in the molecular negative ion intermediate prior to dissociation has been calculated and partitioned into translational, vibrational, and, in some cases, electronic excitation of the dissociation products. The degree of vibrational activation in the intermediate state before dissociation is found to depend on the particular molecule under investigation and to vary from one dissociation channel to another. These observations are discussed in relation to theoretical concepts of dissociative resonance capture and given a qualitative explanation. The measurement of translational energy has led to a more complete interpretation of the states involved in the various processes and in computing ground state thermochemical properties of the decomposition products.
PRODUCTION AND PURIFICATION OF IgY ANTIBODIES AS A NOVEL TOOL TO PURIFY THE NR1 SUBUNIT OF NMDA RECEPTOR

Producing polyclonal antibodies (IgY) in chickens has advantages over those obtained in other animal models, since they have been used as a tool for studying different proteins (NMDA glutamate receptor in our case, specifically the NR1 subunit). We produced specific antibodies against expression products by the alternative splicing of the gene encoding NMDA receptor NR1 subunit in adult rat brain. Three peptides corresponding to the splicing sites (N1, C1 and C2’ cassettes) were designed, synthesised and used individually as antigens in hens. Specific immunoglobulins were purified from yolks. The antibodies were then used for purifying the NMDA receptor NR1 subunit using affinity chromatography coupling the three antibodies to the support.R
Monte Carlo simulations of hydrophobic weak polyelectrolytes: Titration properties and pH-induced structural transitions for polymers containing weak electrolytes

Monte Carlo simulation has been used to study titration and configurational properties of an isolated hydrophobic polymer containing weakly‐ionizable groups. Using a cubic lattice, simulations were performed in the grand canonical ensemble to include the effect of the local charge environment on the ionization of weak electrolyte segments. Properties were studied as a function of polymer hydrophobicity, fraction of ionizable segments, solution ionic strength, and pH. The polymer segments experienced three types of competing interaction: excluded volume, attractive nearest‐neighbor forces which account for the net balance of segment–segment, segment–solvent, and solvent–solvent interactions, and long‐range electrostatic forces between ionized segments, calculated with a screened Debye–Huckel potential. Simulations show that the model chain expands with chain ionization, which depends on solution pH. As the chain becomes increasingly charged, the ionization process becomes more difficult because of rising l.
Nonparallel stability of boundary layers with pressure gradients and suction

An analysis is presented for the linear nonparallel stability of boundary layer flows with pressure gradients and suction. The effect of the boundary layer growth is included by using the method of multiple scales. The present analysis is compared with those of Bouthier and Gaster and the roles of the different definitions of the amplification rates are discussed. The results of these theories are compared with experimental data for the Blasius boundary layer. Calculations are presented for stability characteristics of boundary layers with pressure gradients and nonsimilar suction distributions.
Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic properties of singly and doubly titania-modified mesoporous silicate MCM-41 by varying titanium precursors

A series of titania-modified MCM-41 have been synthesized from varying three kinds of titanium precursors [Ti(OBun)4, Ti(OBun)3(acac), Ti(OBun)2(acac)2] respectively and mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41, in which titania existed as single or double layers. The samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption–desorption at 77 K, 29Si MAS NMR, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, as well as by solid state diffuse reflectance UV–VIS spectroscopy. The titanium precursor was cocondensed with the active silanol groups of MCM-41 via Si–O–Ti bonds and the resulting titania modified the mesopore walls of MCM-41 after hydrolysis and calcination. In the titania-modified MCM-41 samples, although the titania species were in an amorphous state and in tetrahedral coordination rather than octahedral coordination, which exists extensively in crystalline titania, they exhibited high photocatalytic activity for the photodecomposition of phenol and the photoreduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III).
Investigating The Impact Of Group Process Variables On Group Performance In JandK Public Corporations

The paper investigates the impact of group process variables on group performance and mediating role of group leadership in the GPV-GP relationship. Data were collected from 114 groups working in head offices of J&K Public Corporations in Jammu. Results revealed the significant and positive effects of group process variables on the performance of public sector groups. However, group leadership acted as partial mediator between group process variables and group performance relationship.
Electrochemical behavior of disopyramide and its adsorptive stripping determination in pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological fluids

Electrochemical behavior of disopyramide (DPA) and optimum conditions to its quantitative determination were investigated using voltammetric methods. Some electrochemical parameters such as diffusion coefficient, surface coverage of adsorbed molecules, electron transfer coefficient, standard rate constant and number of electrons were calculated using the results of cyclic and square-wave voltammetry. All studies were based on the quasi-reversible and adsorption-controlled electrochemical reduction signal of DPA at about –1.60 V vs Ag|AgCl at pH 10.0 in Britton–Robinson buffer. This adsorptive character of molecule was used to develop fully validated, new, rapid, selective and simple square-wave cathodic adsorptive stripping voltammetric (SWCAdSV) method to the direct determination of DPA in pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological samples without time-consuming steps prior to drug assay. Peak current of electrochemical reduction of DPA was found to change linearly with the concentration in the range from 7.15 × 10 –8 mol l –1 (0.024 mg l –1 ) to 1.43 × 10 –6 mol l –1 (0.49 mg l –1 ). Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 5.65 × 10 –8 mol l –1 (0.019 mg l –1 ) and 1.88 × 10 –7 mol l –1 (0.064 mg l –1 ), respectively. The method was successfully applied to assay the drug in tablets, human serum and human urine with good recoveries at about 100%.
On the extended β-conformation propensity of polypeptides at high temperature

At room temperature, natural polypeptides exposed to high concentrations of a strong denaturant nearly attain the circular dichroism spectra characteristic of random coils. As temperature is increased, the spectra begin to show the signature of a substantial fraction of extended chain, the structure common in β-sheets. This structural propensity at high temperature is not altered by concentration changes over a greater than 1000-fold range, so it is not caused by aggregation. Four proteins with different folds and varying amounts of α-helical and β-sheet secondary structure, in the presence or absence of denaturant, all were subject to extended chain formation upon heating. This effect arises naturally from the steric constraints associated with polypeptides and is probably counteracted, not enhanced, by hydrophobic interactions. Molecular dynamics simulations in the 298−1000 K range reveal an attractive potential of mean force in the extended chain region of the Ramachandran diagram, which broadens as th.
Preparation and characterization of poly(3-methylthiophene)/CeY zeolite composites

Poly(3-methylthiophene)/CeY zeolite nanocomposites (P3MT/CeY) were prepared by chemical oxidative polymerization using anhydrous FeCl3 as the oxidizing agent. The physical and chemical properties of the prepared samples were measured using various characterization techniques, such as conductivity measurements, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and carbon–sulfur analysis. The prepared P3MT/CeY composites retained the crystalline structure of Y zeolite, which also enhanced thermostability. A 2000-fold increase in conductivity relative to a blank prepared using P3MT was observed for the composite prepared using a 3:1 g mL−1 ratio of CeY and P3MT.
Penetration of the free surface by liquid jets in microgravity

This thesis presents a new computational model of the interaction between surface tension and jets emerging from the bulk liquid in microgravity. The model is compared to established models of liquid in liquid jet flow and then tested against drop tower test data. Results are found to be comparable in accuracy to prior work but able to study a much broader range of cases. Agreement is best for when the jet flow is laminar. Agreement can be achieved for turbulent jet flow as well but is a strong function of the turbulence model selected. Based on the success of the drop tower comparison a series of parametric investigations were conducted to study the effects of contact angle, tank size, and surface tension. Results showed a small but noticeable effect of contact angle, some significant effect of tank size due volumetric changes, and surface tension changes indicating a lower stability limit without the jet spreading caused by turbulence. Overall the model has led to a greater understanding of the processes involved in Penetration of the Free Surface by Liquid Jets In Microgravity.
Neutron small-angle scattering study of phase decomposition in Au–Pt

Isothermal decomposition of a Au-60 at. % Pt alloy, quenched from the solid as well as the liquid state, has been studied with the D11 neutron small-angle scattering spectrometer at ILL, Grenoble. An incident neutron wavelength of 6.7 A was used and measurements were carried out in the range of scattering vector [β = 4πsin θ/λ] from 2.8 × 10−2 to 21 × 10−2 A−1. The preliminary results indicate that decomposition of this alloy at 550°C takes place by a spinodal mode, although deviations were observed from linear spinodal theory, even at very early times. Slower aging kinetics were observed in liquid-quenched alloy as compared with solid-quenched. Liquid quenching is more efficient in suppressing quench clustering than is solid quenching. However, liquid quenching yields an extremely fine-grained material, which thereby enhances discontinuous precipitation at grain boundaries, competing with decomposition in the bulk. A Rundman–Hilliard analysis was used for the early stages of the spinodal reaction to obtain an interdiffusion coefficient of the order of 10−16 cm2 s−1 at 550°C for the solid-quenched alloy.
Rheological and thixotropic behavior of banana (Musa Cavendishii) puree

Se han estudiado las propiedades reologicas del pure de platano. Para cuantificar el comportamiento tixotropico, se han ajustado los datos experimentales a las ecuaciones de Hahn, Weltman i Figoni-Shoemaker. El estudio de la tixotropia se realizo en un rango de temperaturas entre 5 y 75oC y se aplico un gradiente de velocidad de 10 y 20 s-1, encontrando en todos los casos que la ecuacion de Figoni-Shoemaker describe mejor la dependencia con el tiempo. El comportamiento al flujo se ajusto utilizando el modelo de Herschel-Bulkley en un rango de temperaturas entre 5 y 75oC, y para concentraciones entre 12 y 22 oBrix, obteniendo que el coeficiente de consistencia disminuye con la temperatura y aumenta con el contenido en solidos solubles, el indice de comportamiento al flujo disminuye con el contenido en solidos solubles y la viscosidad aparente disminuye con la temperatura y con el contenido en solidos solubles. Se obtuvo la energia de activacion al flujo para diferentes contenidos en solidos solubles mediante el ajuste de la variacion de la viscosidad aparente con la temperatura a una ecuacion de tipo Arrhenius.
FLASCHAIN theory for rapid coal devolatilization kinetics. III, Modeling the behavior of various coals

In this paper, an evaluation of the theory formulated in part 1 for coals having 70-90% carbon quantitatively interprets these established trends: 1) weight loss is constant for coals of increasing rank through hvA bituminous, then falls sharply and becomes negligible for anthracites; 2) tar yields are nominally the same for lignites, then increase for coals of higher rank, reaching a maximum value for hvA bituminous coals; 3) tar yields diminish for medium- and low-volatile bituminous coals, although gas yields decrease even more abruptly, so the tar fraction increases monotonically for these ranks
Liquid crystalline cyanobiphenyl homologues doped with gold nanoparticles

The following paper reviews our study of the dispersion of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in different homologues of cyanobiphenyl (CB) liquid crystals (nCB with n = 5, 6, 7). We show that doped GNPs dramatically affect the material, and consequently the display parameters and mesophase stability of these mainly room temperature nematics. We report several homologues at certain GNP percentages with their values a few times lower than that for pure nematics, switching voltages and times, and with a broader operational thermal range. These materials are good candidates for application in liquid crystal (LC) display devices. We show that the amount of carbon atoms n in the alkyl ‘tail’ of the homologues' constituent molecules and the concentration of dispersed GNPs critically affect the behaviour of the material parameters in the nanocomposites. We report a certain correlation of the material parameters behaviour with an odd−even−odd change in the number of CB homologues. We propose that the influence of GNPs on the material parameters and the thermal stability of the nematics is caused by the formation of different kinds of aggregations between nanoparticles and LC molecules. These clusters affect the local ordering of the LC molecules, consequently changing the material parameters and mesophase stability.
The Effect of UV-B Radiation on Morphological, Anatomical and Biochemical Traits of Aptenia cordifolia

Regarding different ultraviolet radiations (UV), UV-B plays the most effective role on the earth and bio-plant, which needs sunshine. These radiations have a negative effect on plant growth while they mostly affect the processes such as genetic activities, cellular metabolism, plant anatomy and morphology, and ultimately the whole plant growth. The present study investigated the effects of UV-B stress on Aptenia cordifolia which is an ornamental and medicinal plant originated from Aizoaceae family and it is resistant to some stress conditions. In this study the effect of UV-B with the intensity of 40 Lux was examined during germination and vegetative stages randomly with three replications in four intervals; 0, 45, 90,120 min and then the morphological, anatomical and phytochemical traits of the plant were examined. The results showed that when treatment level increaseed, the growth and morphological parameters such as: the percentage and rate of germination, seedling height, fresh and dry weight of root, aerial organ and leaf area decreased. Considering the anatomical traits, an increase was found in the stem thickness of the transverse wall vessel, the number of vascular bundles, the stem diameter of the vascular openings and the stem diameter. Also, in the roots under the root diameter stress, the number of vascular bundles, and diameter of their vascular opening decreased. The results of the biochemical section were consistent with the results in the morphological and anatomical sections, as any increase in the stress level led to the gradual decreases in the amount of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and photosynthetic pigments.
Non-Invasive Estimation of Skin Thickness by near Infrared Diffuse Reflection Spectroscopy—Separate Determination of Epidermis and Dermis Thickness

This paper reports a non-invasive method for estimating skin thickness by using near infrared diffuse reflectance (NIR-DR) spectroscopy. Skin thickness is an important skin property in cosmetology, dermatology and pharmaceutical science. It varies significantly between the face and other body parts and changes with age and environment factors. Differences in skin thickness reflect the structural conditions of the epidermis and dermis. However, current methods for measuring skin thickness are complex and require cumbersome equipment. Therefore, we herein propose a NIR-DR and partial least squares (PLS) regression method for non-destructive skin thickness estimation. NIR-DR spectra were measured for UV-irradiated and non-irradiated skin on the backs of hairless mice and denuded back skin. Skin thickness increased gradually with the amount of UV irradiation, while changing little with physiological age. To obtain reference data, optical microscope measurements were carried out for denuded skin and total thickness and thickness of epidermis and dermis were determined. PLS regression was performed for the whole spectrum and selected regions specific for particular functional groups in order to estimate total thickness and thickness of epidermis and dermis. In the 6939–5990 cm−1 and 5242–4609 cm−1 regions, the bands due to amide groups of proteins appeared to contribute to models with the best coefficients of determination (R2CV) and standard error of cross-validation results; for total thickness, thickness of epidermis, and dermis, these were 0.79 and 25.80 urn, 0.72 and 21.87 μm and 0.77 and 8.16 μm, respectively. The results revealed that the wavenumbers contributing to the prediction of skin thickness differ between the epidermis and dermis.
Development of Ibuprofen Loaded Solid Dispersion with Improved Dissolution Using Tween 80 & Span 80

To develop a novel dosage form of ibuprofen loaded solid dispersion with improved dissolution, formulations were developed using mixture of tween 80 & span 80 with a sugar such as dextrose, icing sugar. Percentage of tween 80 & span 80 was 10% & 5%, 7.5% & 7.5%, 5% & 10% and amount of sugar was fixed (1.2 g). In-vitro dissolution study was conducted in phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) for 1 hour. Release property from formulations of both sugars was investigated. In both cases, enhanced release property was observed where the release was compared with pure ibuprofen powder. Formulations having same amount of tween 80 & span 80 showed maximum release of drug. Formulations of icing sugar showed maximum release of drug within 1 hour time frame than the formulations of dextrose. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/ijpls.v1i1. 12946 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Vol.1(1) 2012