Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
School Deferred: When Bias Affects School Leaders

In the classroom, Black students are disciplined more frequently and more severely for the same misbehaviors as White students. Though teachers have influence over disciplinary actions, the final decisions for exclusionary discipline (i.e., suspensions and expulsions) are principals’ responsibility. We test how principals make disciplinary decisions in a preregistered experiment. Principals endorsed more severe discipline for Black students compared with White students across two time points. Further, this discipline severity was explained through Black students being more likely to be labeled a troublemaker than White students. Future efforts should focus on principals in order to mitigate the negative impacts of the school-to-prison pipeline.
Wii Fit and Balance: Does the Wii Fit Improve Balance in Community-Dwelling Older Adults?

Computer-based active gaming has recently gained in popularity as an intervention in physical therapy clinics. However, little evidence exists supporting its effectiveness especially in the elderly population. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether a 4-week, computer-based balance intervention using the Wii Fit is effective as an intervention to improve balance in community-dwelling older adults. Community-dwelling adults aged 65 to 80 years were recruited from 2 local community centers. Sixteen older adults participated in a balance exercise program utilizing the Wii Fit 2 times a week for 4 weeks. Changes in balance were assessed by comparing preintervention and postintervention measures using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) and Functional Reach Test (FRT). The Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale was used to determine the participants' perceived confidence in specific activities. Participants demonstrated improvements in balance as indicated by statistically significant changes in TUG and FRT (P < .05). The data from this pilot study showed improvements in TUG and FRT scores, suggesting that Wii Fit balance games may be used as a clinical intervention to improve balance in community-dwelling adults aged 65 to 80 years. The positive data outcomes warrant further investigation in using the Wii Fit as a balance intervention in a larger target population.
Understanding the doer effect for computational subjects with MOOCs

In this thesis, we examined the relationship between the doer effect and learning computational subjects. Computational thinking is becoming increasingly important for students and professionals, and teaching this thought process is a relatively new practice. The doer effect is a well-studied learning phenomenon, yet its impact in computational subjects is not well-understood. Also, given that MOOCs cater to a variety of students, predicting student experience levels can benefit instructors. To address these problems, we used data from massive open online courses (MOOCs) to understand how different student activities are correlated with positive learning outcomes. We also considered the doer effect in a variety of scenarios such as prior experience, duration, and course content. Using a variety of linear models and feature engineering methods in the MOOC setting, we were able to replicate the results seen in literature and draw conclusions about the doer effect in new contexts. Because we found prior experience to correlate with student behavior, we also developed a classifier to predict student experience levels given demographic and behavioral data; our model gives strong accuracy and is robust for use in small data sets. Thesis Supervisor: Una-May O’Reilly Title: Principal Research Scientist Thesis Supervisor: Erik Hemberg Title: Research Scientist
Benefits and drawbacks of the teacher echo: findings from a video study

Abstract The teacher echo refers to teachers’ almost verbatim repetition of student responses and can be used to provide implicit feedback about students’ achievement or understanding. Echoing student answers is a controversial strategy of classroom discourse, as some critics see it as a bad habit and consequently deny its use in the classroom. The aim of this research project was to learn more about the perceptions of unprejudiced, prospective teachers on this controversial type of teacher feedback. Therefore, two short videos of a simulated lesson with and without teacher echo were created. A sample of 410 teacher trainees was asked to rate the perceived instructional quality and answer a knowledge test about the lesson contents. Results showed no significant differences in perceived cognitive activation and teacher dominance, but higher perceived constructive support and better knowledge acquisition when using the teacher echo. Thus, its application seems to be more beneficial than harmful.
Speciičnosti komunikacijskih veština u medicini

Communication in medicine is considered a core skill of the doctor on the way to successful diagnosis and treatment, and establishing an adequate relationship with the patient. In a similar way, should take place and the communication process between physician-patient and nurse - patient, and between all actors of the medical team and patients. Good communi - cation skills, patience and sensitivity to the problems of the patient are necessary to create mutual trust. It is important to be in communication with the patient never imposing your own views, even when we are deeply convinced that whatever we do, we do it for their own good. Communication in health care requires knowledge, competence and technical skills, in - cluding the need for continuing active learning and practicing communication skills of all members of the medical team, both doctors and nurses and other staff who work with patients.
Intra-generational and Intergenerational Social Mobility: Evidence from Vietnam

This study examines intra-generational and intergenerational mobility of employment and income in Vietnam during the 2004–2014 period. It finds there was high mobility across occupations but less mobility across wage-job employment and economic sectors. Upward labour mobility increased over time because of the increase in skilled occupations. The intergenerational elasticity of earnings is estimated at around 0.36. Education plays an important role in increasing intra-generational as well as intergenerational mobility. The earning intergenerational elasticity for children with less than primary education is rather high, at 0.51, while this intergenerational elasticity for those with a college or university degree is much lower at 0.17.
Factors Influencing Entrepreneurship Development In Nigeria: The Role of Learning

i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . iii DEDICATION . iv TABLE OF CONTENT. v LIST OF TABLES AND DIAGRAMS . ix LIST OF APPENDICES . x CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY . 1 1.
Validating Strengths Finder Norms for Veterinary Medical Students: A Confirmatory Study

The Clifton Strengths Finder 2.0 is a popular online assessment that has been administered to more than 16 million people worldwide. Based on ‘strength theory’, the assessment helps individuals discern their top five strengths (called “Signature Themes”) and participants are encouraged to use the results for intra-professional development purposes. There are many implications for the use of the Strengths Finder in higher education, particularly across academic disciplines in which fields are influenced by norms, cultures and values that both attract individuals to a field and socialize them to become functional members of the disciplinary community. Previous research established Strengths Finder norms for veterinary medical students. However, a major limitation of that study pertained to its generalizability, particularly if the results largely were an artifact of student selection as determined by the college’s admissions committee. Thus, the purpose of this study was to replicate the previous study using a different sample frame selected by an entirely different admissions committee to discern if the same primary themes remain among veterinary medical students. Using descriptive statistics to determine the Signature Themes of veterinary medical students, results confirm the same Signature Themes emerge, indicating stable findings relating to the norms of veterinary medical students.
Tangible Picture Matching by People who are Visually Impaired

Morton A. Heller, Deneen D. Brackett, and Eric Scroggs Pictures are potentially useful to people who are visually impaired (that is, those who are blind or have low vision). However, little is known about factors that interfere with the interpretation of tangible pictures. Objective data are called for, given the sporadic use of tangible pictures in the education of children who are visually impaired. For example, the authors have heard some rehabilitation educators say that while graphs and maps are useful for people who are blind, pictures are not. This statement reflects these individuals' opinions, but education and rehabilitation should be derived from evidence, not mere belief. In the past 10 years, there has been an increased interest in the use of tangible pictures for pleasure and for the rehabilitation of people who are blind (Heller, 2000; Kennedy, 1993). Furthermore, Art Education for the Blind has produced a series of art education books that use touch and sound to illustrate works of art (Axel & Levent, 2000). The identification of novel tangible pictures is a difficult task, and it is known that familiarity and higher-level cognitive factors playa significant role in picture naming. In a study by Heller, Calcaterra, Burson, and Tyler (1996), the provision of categorical information aided picture naming, nearly doubling the identification scores. Thus, the participants were helped to name novel tangible drawings when they were first told that a picture was a member of a category, such as a type of furniture or article of clothing. Moreover, when the naming problem was eliminated, the performance of the blindfolded sighted participants was high in a multiple-choice task. These
Investment and Imagined Identities of Biliterate Indonesian Lecturers: An Exploratory Case Study

Drawing on the application of the notion of investment to language learning, this paper reports on Indonesian educators’ investment in learning a world language - English - and on the extent to which this investment helps construct their identities as academics. This exploratory case study primarily employs semi-structured interviews from five participants to probe their contextual backgrounds and learner histories and describe their efforts to become biliterate. The empirical evidence shows that these learners’ increased awareness of their individual investments and imagined future identities play a dominant role in assisting them to be able to identify as biliterate individuals. Even though this was a small-scale study, our exploration of the five learners’ descriptions of their investments and the results contribute to insightful theoretical and practical knowledge in the Indonesian tertiary education community, casting particular light on those Indonesian bilingual educators who have managed successfully to achieve high levels of English proficiency.
Diagnostic Reference Levels Dervied from Recent Surveys on Patient Dose for Various Types of Radiological Examination in the Netherlands

In recent years surveys have been performed in the Netherlands to determine patient doses for various types of examination in diagnostic radiology. These surveys comprised examinations of chest, breast, colon, computed tomography and non-cardiovascular radiology procedures. In general, in these studies measurements were performed at 10 to 20 X ray units in different hospitals. The majority of the studies aimed at determination of effective dose as this quantity is generally assumed to he most directly related to the risks to patients due to exposure to ionising radiation. The information content of radiological images must be adequate to provide a correct medical diagnosis or guide treatment. Therefore, some of the studies also included assessment of image quality Preliminary reference levels are proposed for the various types of examination as performed in the Netherlands in terms of effective dose and, where possible, also in terms of readily measurable quantities such as entrance surface air kerma, entrance surface dose or dose area product.
Unethical leader behavior and employee performance: a deontic justice perspective

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating effect of deontic justice in the relationship between unethical leader behavior and employee performance, and whether leader–member exchange (LMX) moderates the effect. Design/methodology/approach A two-time-point questionnaire survey was used to collect data from 225 employees of nine firms in China at two points in time separated by approximately three weeks. Findings The hypothesized moderated mediation model used in this study was supported. Deontic justice mediates the negative relationship between unethical leader behavior and employee performance, and higher LMX tends to strengthen this indirect relationship. Originality/value Previous scholars mainly focused on the cognitive and conscious thought process to explain employees’ reactions to unethical leader behavior, and largely ignored the research on the nonconscious thought process. Drawing on deontic justice theory, this study extends the previous research on the nonconscious system of moral decision-making processing by introducing employee deontic justice as a mediator in the relationship between unethical leader behavior and employee performance and further exploring LMX as a boundary condition of this indirect relationship.
Indonesian Studentsâ€™ Awareness of Verbal and Non-Verbal Intercultural Differences at the Global Workplace

The aim of this paper is to describe Indonesian studentsâ€™ awareness about cultural differences happens in the global workplace. The students followed 600 minutes of Intercultural Communication course in six weeks. The research involved 36 students of English Education Department, who filled out 12 questions of questionnaire about cultural awareness. The result showed that most students had proper verbal and nonverbal awareness related with the intercultural differences at the global space. The result was supported by Hanvey (1979) statement who stated that the level of most students at level three. They were aware of significant and subtle cultural traits that contrast markedly with oneâ€™s own but can be understood cognitively. This research suggests that the next researcher can dig more perspective not only from students but also from other occupations. Besides that, another instrument like interview or participant observation also can be applied to get more information.
Communicating about sexuality in cancer care

Extensive research has shown that cancer, and the treatment thereof, can interfere with healthy sexual functioning. Indeed, sexual dysfunction is frequently cited as one of the top adverse effects of cancer treatment (1). However, while healthcare professionals routinely discuss quality-of-life issues with cancer patients, the literature suggest that too often this does not include an assessment of sexual concerns. One study reported that 96% of healthcare professionals stated that discussing sexuality was part of their job, while only 2% said that they regularly spoke to patients about sexuality (2). When questions incorporating sexual functioning were included in routine patient assessments, approximately 41% of patients indicated problems with sex (3). However, if patients are not asked specifically about sexual functioning, less than 10% will raise sexual concerns (4). Clearly, the responsibility to initiate discussion on sexuality rests with the healthcare professional. Establishing the sexuality information needs of the cancer patient can sometimes be difficult and it becomes more so when healthcare professionals make erroneous assumptions concerning sexuality. Healthcare professionals often hold the belief that cancer patients are, and should be, most concerned with treating the cancer and that other considerations are tangential (5). In fact, some patients are willing to trade years of life to maintain sexual function (6). Further, healthcare professionals often believe that the responsibility for discussing sexuality lies with someone else, which often results in no one assuming the responsibility (7, 8). Even when the healthcare professional does accept the responsibility, there are a host of commonly stated reasons for not initiating the conversation, including: limited time; a lack of education; embarrassment; the feeling that it is not a part of the presenting problem; a preference for same-gender consultation; the sexual orientation of the patient; the assumption that sexuality is not a concern for either the very young or the older patient; and possible religious or language barriers (8–10). However, patients often express a desire to receive information regarding sexuality, and irrespective of patient age, sex, partnership status, culture, or site of cancer, patients have stated that their needs in this area often go unmet (5). Unresolved sexual problems can have devastating effects on the lives of both the patient and their partner. These effects can range from mild embarrassment, unhappiness, and frustration to profound humiliation, loss of self-esteem, erosion of the relationship bond, and complicated mental health issues. Indeed, patients need information detailing how to stay sexually active for as long as they wish, in spite of their illness. Thus, whether or not to assess sexuality is no longer an issue; it must be a routine part of cancer care.
Harmonious environmental management of cultural heritage and nature

Take down policy Some pages of this thesis may have been removed for copyright restrictions prior to having it been deposited in Explore Bristol Research. However, if you have discovered material within the thesis that you consider to be unlawful e.g. breaches of copyright (either yours or that of a third party) or any other law, including but not limited to those relating to patent, trademark, confidentiality, data protection, obscenity, defamation, libel, then please contact collections-metadata@bristol.ac. uk and include the following information in your message:
Leading change for survival: The rural flexi-school approach

This article seeks to present the perspectives of three school leaders in one rural primary school in the English East Midlands, who, when faced with closure due to a falling student numbers, decided to offer and operate a flexi-schooling model of educational provision. We aim to find out, through a theoretical model of systems school leadership, how the school leadership team addressed this issue. Findings suggest that the principles of systems leadership, operating through an open systems model, have facilitated the journey towards flexi-schooling and ensured the survival and growth of the school. The learning community created with parents and the personalisation of the curriculum for learners reflects an innovative curriculum design and in part solves the problems which led to the initial decision taken by parents to home-educate. Focusing on ways to secure healthy student numbers, school leaders developed a partnership with a multi-academy trust, yet they still face challenges in formally recording student numbers when their attendance is only part of the week.
“Don't sweep the floor!” Verbal and nonverbal taboo in Nagan Raya, Aceh

In daily life, individuals occasionally use language to connect with other individuals, and they have their specific manner to pick the language variety which can affirm their character. This language can be in the form of verbal and nonverbal language. This research aimed at finding out the types of verbal and non-verbal taboo, along with the mythical and factual reasons underlying their usage. The method used was qualitatively based. The data collection was done through several interviews with the participants who are the native speakers of Acehnese in Nagan Raya. Later on, the data were recorded using an android device and in the analysis, the three-step analysis was employed. The process was data reduction, data display, and data verification. Then the results show that, first, nine swearing taboo words are occasionally used by the people there. The reason for using these words is generally to express anger and disappointment. Second, concerning the non-verbal taboo, there were 10 data obtained concerning non-verbal taboo, and the reason behind using these nonverbal taboo is to threat the youth to get them obedient so that they can carry out the day safely.
Employment vulnerability in Europe: Is there a migration effect?

One of the most salient evolutions of labour markets in Europe is the increasing number of atypical job contracts (fixed-term contracts, temporary work) and an augmentation of job turnover. These phenomena weaken the relationship between employers and employees. The concept of employment vulnerability may be accurate to describe current evolutions. Our paper provides a set of new indicators of employment vulnerability for European countries. In the context of an important mobility of workers between European countries, emigration could be seen as a way of escaping from employment vulnerability in the country of origin. In this paper, we would like to test this hypothesis by comparing individual levels of employment vulnerability between migrants and native workers. We implement propensity score matching methods on the European Social Survey (2008). Overall, we show that migrants face the same level of employment vulnerability as natives, all other things being equal. But there are strong differences by skill-level. Low-skilled migrants have a lower level of vulnerability mainly because of a lower level of employer vulnerability. On contrary, high-skilled migrants face a higher level of vulnerability mainly explained by a higher job vulnerability.
Schooling Cognitive-Behavioural Clinical Psychologists: Expressive Arts Activities as Potentially Favourable Conditions Which Facilitate One’s Observing of One’s Own Streaming of Automatic Thoughts

The aim of this article was to focus on how to design education which would potentially provide favourable conditions in the process of cultivating postgraduate students enrolled in a cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy course. Such training intends to benefit the students in terms of developing their alertness and awareness of their subjective mental internal experiences, allowing for the identification of flowing or running automatic thoughts and thus bringing those thoughts to a conscious layer of cognitions. Previous research revealed that the use of expressive art forms produces circumstances which expose an inner silent space which allows for the observation of one’s flows of automatic thoughts. Thirteen postgraduate students enrolled in a cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy course participated in a session of an expressive art form aiming at creating a context in which automatic thoughts would move simultaneously at differing layers of cognition potentially allowing one to come upon the contents of one’s own streaming of automatic thoughts. Results revealed that participants noticed both their streaming of automatic thoughts passing by and their ability to just watch the profusely pouring flows of automatic cognitions during the session. Results also revealed the potential for this expressive art form to provide pleasing conditions of training to learn and to acknowledge the present, the now existing instant. In the process of preparing cognitive-behavioural therapists who deal with mental and emotional disorders, the practical application of a simple expressive art form allowed students to perceive mentally in themselves what conditioning does to one’s cognitions, emotions, and behaviours.