Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Restoring in‐stream habitat in urban catchments: Modify flow or the channel?

Urban streams have almost universally altered physical habitat conditions due to excess stormwater run‐off. This includes changes to in‐channel hydraulics and channel morphology. Restoration of in‐channel habitat has two main levers: address the hydrology or channel morphology. Both variables impact in‐stream habitat, but understanding the relative role of hydrologic and morphologic change remains a challenge. This study uses two‐dimensional hydraulic modelling to examine the relative roles of flow and channel morphology in setting hydraulic conditions. We investigated four test scenarios involving the combinations of urban versus natural hydrology and urban versus natural channel morphology. The analysis investigated three ecologically relevant hydraulics characteristics: bed mobilization, retentive habitat, and floodplain inundation, using Shields stress, shallow slow‐water habitat (SSWH) area, and floodplain inundation area hydraulic metrics, respectively. The results indicate substantial differences in hydraulic conditions between the two reaches. The urban reach showed increased bed mobility potential and SSWH availability plummeted as flow increased, whereas the natural channel showed a relatively stable bed with substantially more SSWH at most flows. Floodplain inundation frequency was low in the urban channel with decreased duration. Scenarios examined suggest that hydraulic conditions are highly sensitive to channel morphology relative to flow regime. This suggests that once channel form has been degraded, mitigating urbanization impacts on flow regime cannot maintain “natural” channel hydraulics. Management approaches therefore must protect channel morphology from change. Where the channel has already been fundamentally altered, opportunities for channel morphology rehabilitation need to be considered.
EEG-based recognition of positive and negative emotions using for pleasant vs. unpleasant images

Emotions play an important role in our daily life. AntonioDamasiofamously stated: “We are not thinking machines that feel; rather we are feeling machines that think”. Human emotions can be recognized through facial expression, speech and gesture. The use of electroencephalograms (EEGs) to understand and recognize human emotion has been widely studied, where those recognition techniques greatly benefit in human-computer interaction (HCI). In this investigation, we study the use of EEGs to recognize emotions. Pleasant and unpleasant images are used as stimuli to elicit human pleasant and unpleasant emotions.The brainwaves are recorded using a 9-electrode medical grade wireless EEG headset from Advance Brain Monitoring (ABM), the B-alert X10. The features comprising alpha, beta, gamma, theta, and delta bands are then extracted from the recorded brainwaves using time-frequency analysis. Different channels and rhythms are used in support vector machine (SVM) and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) classifiers to train and classify pleasant vs. unpleasant mind states. The best accuracy obtained was 70.43% using SVM with alpha and beta rhythmsfromchannel F3 and Fz, and also with gamma rhythms from channel POz.
D EVELOPMENT AND INVESTIGATION OF TIMOLOL MALEATE AND LATANOPROST COMBINATION LIPOSOMES FOR THE TREATMENT OF GLAUCOMA

In this study liposomes were developed and evaluated for timolol maleate (TM) and latanoprost (LP) by lipid film hydration technique for the treatment of glaucoma. A 3 2 factorial design was utilized to study the effect of the molar ratio of 1, 2 – Dipalmitoyl - sn - glycero - 3 - phosphocholine ( DPCC ) ( X 1 ) and cholesterol ( X 2 ) on vesicle size, drug entrapment efficiency and in - vitro release study. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ( FT - IR) studies were performed to investigate and predict an y physiological interactions between components in the formulation. The liposomal vesicles were found to be uniform in size and shape. The drug entrapment efficiency values for the seven batches showed a variation from a minimum of 56.65 ± 1.39 % to maximu m of 70.24 ± 1.14 %. This clearly indicates that the drug entrapment value is strongly dependent on the variables selected. The Zeta potential, av erage particle size and poly dispersibility index was found to be - 17.3 mV, 240 nm and 0.114 respectively. Mos t of the formulations were found to have a linear release and the formulations were found to provide approximately 72 % - 55 % of drug release for TM and LP respectively within a period of 6 h. Kinetic study reveals that release mechanism depends on swelli ng, diffusion and relaxation. Best formulation (F2) was found to be sterile and stable and free from microorganisms and passes the isotonicity test. Reduction in intra ocular pressure ( IOP ) was greater in liposomes as compared to the marketed product of al one and combination medication . A latanoprost - timolol maleate fixed combination, has the advantage of a more convenient delivery system as well as providing a simple summing effect of the two constituents .
InSAR Co-registration Accuracy Assessment Based on Misregistration Value

Based on estimated offset between the corresponding points in the master and the slave image by spectral diversity algorithm, a new indicator misregistration value is proposed to assess registration accuracy. After error analysis is carried out, the new indicator is compared with conventional indicators. Its advantage is the feasibility to assess the registration accuracy in both directions. According to the three indicators, comparison results of several co-registration algorithms are obtained. Airborne X-band interferometric data are used to validate the new indicator.
Genetic population structure of the Japanese mitten crab Eriocheir japonica in Japanese islands

Fragment of 376 bp at the mitochondrial ND2 gene was sequenced for 133 individuals of Japanese mitten crab, Eriocheir japonica from 17 localities of Japan and 30 individuals of Chinese mitten crab, E. sinensis from 2 localities of China. In Japanese mitten crab, sequence comparison of this segment revealed 23 polymporphic sites, defining 8 haplotypes. However, 30 individuals of Chinese mitten crab from Dandong and Shanghai shared one haplotype. Haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity, for the17 populations of Japanese mitten crab ranged from 0 to 0.5833 and from 0 to 0.0025, respectively. AMOVA and pairwise FST revealed significant genetic differentiation between the Okinawa Island and main islands of Japan, and lack of genetic structure among main islands of the Japan populations. Compared with the genetic distance among populations of two species, the degree of genetic divergence between these two groups (Okinawa and main islands of Japan) is equivalent to the genetic distance between congeneric species. Our results failed to demonstrate significant geographical structure in main islands of Japan, indicating that populations of Japanese mitten crab are capable of extensive gene flow among estuaries along the coastal waters.
Roles of spatial scale in quantifying stock–recruitment relationships for American lobsters in the inshore Gulf of Maine

It is well known in ecological studies that the choice of spatial scale can influence the possibility of detecting ecological patterns and the type of patterns observed. However, this has rarely been evaluated for fish stock–recruitment (SR) dynamics. Inappropriate scales may result in failure to identify possible SR relationships, especially for species with complicated life history and stock structure and locally generated recruitment. Using American lobster (Homarus americanus) in the Gulf of Maine (GOM) as an example, we tested the hypotheses that the SR relationship is detectable only at certain spatial scales and the functional SR relationships vary with spatial scales. We estimated the SR relationship separately for American lobster in the eastern and western GOM, which have strongly differing oceanographic conditions that may result in different suitable spatial scale and SR dynamics for lobster. We analyzed data of 11 different spatial scales using a Bayesian method. The model fit and performance.
Rheokinetic study of crosslinking of α, ω-dihydroxy oligo(alkylene maleate)s with a trisisocyanate

The crosslinking reaction of three series of -dihydroxy oligo(alkylene maleate)s with a trifunctional isocyanate was followed by dynamic mechanical analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. The evaluation of rheological parameters, such as storage G' and loss modulus G", was recorded. A typical G' versus time curve has a characteristic "S" shape, indicating autoacceleration of the crosslinking reaction. The whole curing process starting from G'equal G" or the beginning of gelation is described by a second - order phenomenological rheokinetic equation which takes into account the autoacce- leration effect, the latter being a consequence of the superposition of both the chemical reaction and phase segregation. It appears that the crosslinking reaction rate depends on the concentration of the functional groups, i.e., on the molecular weight of the polyester prepolymer and on the length of the aliphatic sequence in the repeating unit or the seg- mental mobility. The crosslinking rate decreases in the order: poly(octamethylene maleate) > poly(hexamethylene maleate) > poly(butylene maleate).
Application of the Fuzzy Delphi Method and the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process for the Managerial Competence of Multinational Corporation Executives

MNC executes. Third, the quality factors related to the evaluation criteria are selected by using Fuzzy Delphi method. Fourth, Fuzzy AHP is applied to determine the important indicators of managerial competences for MNC executives. The research results not only provide MNCs a valuable guidance to improve the selection model of MNC executives, but also select appropriate executives to carry out overseas business successfully. II. THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF THE RESEARCH To assure the accuracy of selection process, this study combined with several research methods, including both qualitative and quantitative research methods to evaluate the selection of the managerial competences for MNC executives. The Focus Group method and Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) were used to select appropriate indicators of the managerial competences for MNC executives. Then, the Fuzzy AHP was applied to selecting the important indicators. The whole research processes of this study were divided into the following four steps:
Non-Linear Global Sizing of High Speed PM Synchronous Generator for Renewable Energy Applications

This paper presents a step by step sizing procedure of High Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators (HSPMSGs) for renewable energy applications to be driven by micro-turbines. The final design offers significant reductions in both weight and volume in a power range of 5:500 kW. A rotor length to diameter ratio is used as an important design parameter. The results are depicted by 3D plot figures for a number of machines sizing. The simulation of generators sizing is performed using MATLAB. Then, the paper proposes genetic optimized sizing of High Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators. These designs have more significant improvement in weights and volumes than usual or classical. Efficiency Maximizer Genetic Sizing is proposed. Finally, Optimum Torque per Ampere Genetic Sizing is predicted. The optimization variables are the same in every optimization process. The genetic results are well depicted by some variables 3D figures for initial and detailed sizing. The simulation of generators sizing is performed using MATLAB, and Genetic Algorithm.
D S ] 1 9 D ec 2 01 2 The entropy of co-compact open covers

Co-compact entropy is introduced as an invariant of topological conjugation for perfect mappings defined on any Hausdorff space (compactness and metrizability not necessarily required). This is achieved through the consideration of co-compact covers of the space. The advantages of co-compact entropy include: 1) it does not require the space to be compact, and thus generalizes Adler, Konheim and McAndrew’s topological entropy of continuous mappings on compact dynamical systems, and 2) it is an invariant of topological conjugation, compared to Bowen’s entropy that is metric-dependent. Other properties of co-compact entropy are investigated, e.g., the co-compact entropy of a subsystem does not exceed that of the whole system. For the linear system (R, f) defined by f(x) = 2x, the co-compact entropy is zero, while Bowen’s entropy for this system is at least log 2. More general, it is found that co-compact entropy is a lower bound of Bowen’s entropies, and the proof of this result generates the Lebesgue Covering Theorem to co-compact open covers of non-compact metric spaces, too.
Open Source Licensing in Mixed Markets, or Why Open Source Software Does Not Succeed

The rivalry between developers of open source and proprietary software encourages open source developers to court users and respond to their needs. If the open source developer wants to promote her own open source standard and solutions, she may choose liberal license terms such as those of the Berkeley Software Distribution as proprietary developers will then find it easier to adopt her standard in their products. If she wants to promote the use of open source software per se, she may use more restrictive license terms such as the General Public License to discourage proprietary appropriation of her effort. I show that open source software that comes late into a market will be less likely than more innovative open source software to be compatible with proprietary software, but is also more likely to be made more accessible to inexperienced users.
On the Response of a Buoyant Plume to Downwelling-Favorable Wind Stress

Here, the responseof a coastallytrappedbuoyantplume to downwelling-favorablewind forcingis explored using a simplified two-dimensional numerical model and a prognostic theory for the resulting width, depth, and density anomaly and along-shelf transport of the plume. Consistent with the numerical simulations, the analytical model shows that the wind causes mixing of the plume water and that the forced cross-shelf circulation can also generate significant deepening and surface narrowing, as well as increased along-shelf transport. The response is due to a combination of the purely advective process that leads to the steepeningof the isopycnals and the entrainment of ambient water into the plume. The advective component depends on the initial plume geometry: plumes that have a large fraction of their total width in contact with the bottom (‘‘bottom trapped’’) suffer relatively small depth and width changes compared to plumes that have a large fraction of their total width detached from the bottom (‘‘surface trapped’’). Key theoretical parameters are Wg/Wa, theratioofthewidthoftheplumedetachedfromthebottomtothewidthoftheplumein contactwith it, and the ratio of the wind-generated mixed layer de to the initial plume depth hp, which determines the amountofwaterinitiallyentrainedintotheplume.Themodelresultsalsoshowthatthecross-shelfcirculation can be strongly influenced by the wind-driven response in combination with the geostrophic shear of the plume. The continuous entrainment into the plume, as well as transient events, is also discussed.
3 Semantic Networks and Word Sense Disambiguation methods 3 . 1 Semantic Networks

The World Wide Web provides a large amount of information in several thematic areas. Due to its dynamic nature, the information that WWW offers increases rapidly on a daily basis. Therefore, a categorization of the web content assists Information Retrieval and Machine Learning purposes. The Web page classification issue is well known to the research community and raises important questions. Thus, researches in the topic-based Web page categorization are highly developed, we note lack in use of semantic information as a categorization criterion. In our study, we try a Web page categorization into predefined thematic categories, based on the processing of the Web pages’ anchor texts. To this goal, we exploit the linguistic information that semantic networks provide us for the English and the Greek language. We note also the importance of the categorization features evaluated by semantic disambiguation methods. Mots-clés : Classification des pages Web, Recherche d’information, WordNet , GreekWordNet, Méthodes de désambiguïsation sémantique, Mesures de similarité sémantique
Isolation and caracterization of ficin enzyme from Ficus septica Burm F stem latex

This research aims to isolate and characterize the fcin enzyme from Ficus septica stem latex. Ficin from Ficus septica stem latex was isolated using column chromatography. Then enzyme activity was tested at different temperature (40 o C, 50 o C, 60 o C, 70 o C) and pH (6.0, 7.0, 8.0) levels. Ficin enzyme activity of joint treatment with variations in temperature and pH was analyzed using two-way ANOVA with a factorial pattern followed by Least Signifcant Difference (LSD) test. The results showed that temperature treatment signifcantly affects enzyme activity. However, the treatment of pH and the interaction between temperature and pH did not signifcantly affect the fcin enzyme activity. There was no signifcant difference in fcin activity at the incubation temperatures of 40 o C and 50 o C, as well as 60 o C and 70 o C. However, comparing the incubation temperatures of 40 o C and 50 o C with treatment 60°C and 70°C showed a signifcant difference in fcin enzyme activity. In the treatment of incubation at pH 6, 7 and 8 for fcin enzyme activity showed no signifcant difference. We concluded that the Ficus septica plant latex contained fcin enzyme with an optimum temperature of 60°C and optimum pH of 6, 7, and 8.
The impact of environmental noise on song amplitude in a territorial bird

Summary 1. The impact of environmental background noise on the performance of territorial songs was examined in free-ranging nightingales ( Luscinia megarhynchos Brehm). An analysis of sound pressure levels revealed that males at noisier locations sang with higher sound levels than birds in territories less affected by background sounds. 2. This is the first evidence of a noise-dependent vocal amplitude regulation in the natural environment of an animal. 3. The results yielded demonstrate that the birds tried to mitigate the impairments on their communication caused by masking noise. This behaviour may help to maintain a given transmission distance of songs, which are used in territory defence and mate attraction. At the same time, birds forced to sing with higher amplitudes have to bear the increased costs of singing. 4. This suggests that in songbirds the level of environmental noise in a territory will contribute to its quality and thus considerably affect the behavioural ecology of singing
Herpetofauna recorded by a fauna rescue program in a Caatinga area of João Câmara, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

We present an annotated list of herpetofauna for the municipality of João Câmara, Rio Grande do Norte State (RN), Brazil, in Caatinga domain. The data were obtained through fauna rescue program activities performed during the installation of two wind energy parks. We recorded 10 species of lizards, eight snakes, four amphisbaenids and three anurans. The results obtained present extensions to known geographic distribution for four species (Amphisbaena littoralis, Enyalius bibronii, Epictia borapeliotes and Corythomantis greeningi) and add information to the natural history of the first two species. This constitutes the second list of herpetofauna for RN. Our results show that such studies may contribute useful data on herpetofauna, especially in poorly studied areas.
Draft 1 Impacts of eutrophication and oil spills 1 on the Gulf of Finland herring stock 2

Complete List of Authors: Rahikainen, Mika; University of Helsinki, Department of Environmental Sciences Hoviniemi, Kirsi-Maaria; Oulun Yliopisto Teknillinen Tiedekunta, Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Laboratory Mäntyniemi, Samu; University of Helsinki, Department of Environmental Sciences Vanhatalo, Jarno ; University of Helsinki, Department of Mathematics and Statistics and Department of Biosciences Helle, Inari; University of Helsinki Lehtiniemi, Maiju; Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Pönni, Jukka; Luonnonvarakeskus Kuikka, Sakari; University of Helsinki
Spectral characterization of Didymosphenia geminata under laboratory conditions: bases for a monitoring and early warning system in river systems of south central Chile

The effects of climate change and the severe anthropization of local river systems have contributed to the alteration of ecological processes, affecting the water quality in these systems and thus generating conditions for the emergence of algal species. In this context, the object of the present study was to evaluate the potential of remote detection techniques to obtain a spectral characterization of D. geminata under controlled laboratory conditions. This would provide the basic information for the design and implementation of a monitoring and early warning system. D. geminata cells obtained from two southern Chilean river systems were cultivated in the laboratory and analysed using hyperspectral techniques to construct their spectral signatures. The results showed the feasibility of distinguishing between the presence and absence of D. geminata when it occurs in association with other diatom present in the environmental. The results could be the first step towards the design and implementation of a monitoring and early warning system to facilitate existing inspection activities.
Azimuthally Perturbed Feed for Compensation of Rotational Asymmetry Excitation in Spiral Array Radial Line Slot Antennas

Spiral-array radial line slot antennas (SA-RLSAs) are well-known as high-efficiency planar antennas in high gain region [1]. Fig. 1 shows the structure of a SA-RLSA. A radial waveguide is composed of two parallel circular metal plates. An outward radial wave is fed from the center of the waveguide with a coaxial pin feeder. The radial wave excites a slot array on the top plate. Radiating elements are arranged spirally for a pencil beam. With spiral arrangement, however, aperture fields have deviation in the circumferential direction (φ-direction). The deviation causes aperture efficiency reduction and variation of the sidelobe level in spite of the circular aperture. In this paper, a feeding wave for uniform aperture distribution is calculated. The calculated feeding wave is approximated by multiplying the azimuthal perturbation term with the cylindrical radial wave. The azimuthally perturbed radial wave is realized by a coaxial pin feeder with four perturbation pins as shown in Fig. 1 and 2. In past, multi point feeding structures for radial waveguides are proposed, for instance monopulse [2, 3]. On the other hand, in this paper, one point feeding is proposed. Improvement of the rotational symmetry is confirmed by full-wave MoM analysis.
Reinforcement of Lime Ash Particles in LDPE

This study presents findings from an experimental investigation on the reinforcement of Lime ash particles (LAP) synthesized from coal fly ash, CaO, and CaSO 4 in Low density Polyethylene (LDPE). The Lime ash particles are synthesized by reinforcing 0 to 30 weight percentages of LAP in virgin LDPE using compression moulding. The mechanical properties of composites are studied and results showed that by adding LAP in LDPE as filler the Tensile Strength and Impact Strength of the composite decreases due to poor interfacial bonding between filler particles and LDPE but Hardness and Flexural Properties increases due to improved properties of surface.