Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research on dynamic modeling and transient characteristics of hybrid DC switch

DC contactor is one of the key equipment in DC rail traction system. This paper proposes a 2 kV hybrid DC contactor based on natural current transfer. The topology consists of mechanical switch, solid-state switch, passive RCD circuits for snubber and dynamic voltage balancing, and MOV for absorption. Transient characteristics of current transfer, snubber and absorption are studied by theoretical analysis. The dynamic model of hybrid DC contactor is built and impact of model parameters, including stray inductance, snubber capacitance and balancing circuit parameters are discussed in detail. Results show that small stray inductance ensures fast current transfer and large capacitance improves the reliability of IGBT and MOV. For series-connected IGBTs, consistency of snubber capacitances and turn-off trigger times should be improved. Verification experiments are carried out for control signal coordination, current transfer process, snubber and absorption process and series dynamic voltage balancing. As the indicator of electrical endurance, Arc energy of hybrid contactor is less than ten thousandth of the mechanical contactor, which indicates hybrid DC contactor has higher electrical endurance.
Subjective Expectations: Test for Bias and Implications for Choices (Job Market Paper)

I develop a new method to assess the rational expectations assumption using subjective expectations data. This approach allows the researcher to identify the distributions of the true underlying objective expectations and the expectation bias with respect to unobserved private information. I incorporate subjective longevity expectations into a structural dynamic discrete choice model to explain the smoking behavior of the elderly in the U.S. I nd that subjective longevity expectations have important implications for smoking choices. Specically,
Elimination of Aberrations Due to High-Order Terms in Systems Based on Linear Time Lenses

Signal-processing systems based on linear time lenses are realized by the combination of temporal quadratic phase modulation (which is a time lens) and group-velocity dispersion. In practice, these systems suffer from aberrations due to high-order phase-modulation terms in time lenses and aberrations due to high-order dispersion in dispersive elements. We find that these two kinds of aberrations can counterbalance each other under certain conditions. In this paper we theoretically derive and numerically confirm the aberration-elimination conditions for several time-lens based systems, i.e., temporal imaging, time-to-frequency mapping and frequency-to-time mapping of optical pulse waveforms. In addition, a frequency-time diagram is used to analyze the elimination process in order to illustrate the physical mechanism.
Genetic algorithms and multifractal segmentation of cervical cell images

This paper deals with the segmentation problem of cervical cell images. Knowing that the malignity criteria appear on the morphology of the core and the cytoplasm of each cell, then, the goal of this segmentation is to separate each cell on its component, that permits to analyze separately their morphology (size and shape) in the recognition step, for deducing decision about the malignity of each cell. For that, we use a multifractal algorithm based on the computation of the singularity exponent on each point of the image. For increasing the quality of the segmentation, we propose to add an optimization step based on genetic algorithms. The proposed processing has been tested on several images. Herein, we present some results obtained by two cervical cell images.
Chemical treatment of acrylic teeth ridge lap area trough tensile strength investigations

The purpose of this study was associated to the surface treatments effect evaluation of three different organic solvents on the bond strength of artificial acrylic teeth to denture base repair resin. 40 large size acrylic molars (Spofa Dental complete denture kit) were used to mille 40 acrylic cylinders. The milled cylinders were randomly assigned to four experimental groups, ten cylinders per each group. The cylinders flat surfaces were considered bonding areas. The surface treatment regimens were: Group 1: polishing (control group), Group 2: ethylene chloride treatment; Group 3: ethyl acetate treatment; Group 4: acetone treatment. A self-cured denture base repair resin (Duracryl – Spofa Dental) was used for manufacturing the bonding test specimens, according to the ADA specification No. 15. Each specimen was stored for 30 days in distilled water and tensile tested at a speed of 1 mm/min. The mean values of the tensile bond strength test registered were statistically significant among groups, ranging from 13, 67 MPa (group 4, acetone) to 29, 14 MPa (group 2, ethylene chloride). The chemical treatment of acrylic teeth ridge lap area with ethylene chloride, leaded to an enhanced bond strength of artificial teeth to the denture base resin reported to the control group, group 3 (ethyl acetate) and 4 (acetone), but has reached lower value levels compared to the ANSI/ADA Nr. 15 according to which tensile strength value must be, if statistically significant, 31 MPa Keywords— acetone, acrylic teeth, chemical treatment, denture base resin, ethyl acetate, ethylene chloride tensile strength. Manuscript received 31 july, 2011. This work was supported, in part only, by the CNCSIS Young Team Research Project Nr.101/2010. Adelina.Elena Stoia . University of Medicine and Pharmacy ”Victor Babes” Timisoara, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Department Bd. Revolutiei din 1989, Nr.9, 300041(+40727857709, e-mail: adelinaelenastoia@yahoo.com) Mircea Pielmusi, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ”Victor Babes” Timisoara, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Department Bd. Revolutiei din 1989, Nr.9, 300041(+40727857709, e-mail: adelinaelenastoia@yahoo.com) Sorin Lakatos, Ex member of the. University of Medicine and Pharmacy ”Victor Babes” Timisoara, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Department Bd. Revolutiei din 1989, Nr.9, 300041 ( +40727857709 email adelinaelenastoia@yahoo.com) Cosmin Sinescu University of Medicine and Pharmacy ”Victor Babes” Timisoara, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Department Bd. Revolutiei din 1989, Nr.9,300041, ( e-mail minosinescu@yahoo.com) Mihai Rominu, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ”Victor Babes” Timisoara, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Department Bd. Revolutiei din 1989, Nr.9,300041(email mrominu@hotmail.com) Adrian Gheorghe Podoleanu, University of Kent, Canterbury, U.K.faculty of Physics, Department of Apllied Optics(email adelinaelenastoia@yahoo.com),.
A Review on Dependence Measures in Exploring Brain Networks from fMRI Data

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique allows us to capture activities occurring in a human brain via signals from blood flow, known as BOLD (blood oxygen level-dependent) signals. Exploring a relationship among brain regions inside human brains from fMRI data is an active and challenging research topic. Relationships or associations between brain regions are commonly referred to as brain connectivity or brain network. This connectivity can be divided into two groups, the functional connectivity which describes the statistical information among brain regions and the effective connectivity which specifies how one region interacts with others by a causal model. This survey paper provides a review on learning brain connectivities via fMRI data, mathematical definitions or dependence measures of such connectivities. These well-known measures include correlation, partial correlation, conditional independence, dynamical causal modeling, Granger causality, and structural equation modeling, which all can be translated in terms of mathematical conditions of model parameters. We also discusses about relevant estimation techniques that have been widely used in the problems of fMRI modeling. Understanding a rigorous definition on relationships in human brain allows us to interpret or compare the results in the context of learning brain network more clearly.
Shear-based spatial transformation to protect proximity attack of cloud data

Due to the rapid advancement of location based services (LBS), the spatial data has been increased dramatically. Consequently, cloud computing has boost up its importance. Nowadays it is a common practice to upload data into the third party service provider. However, the most important challenge in cloud data is how to meet the privacy requirements and guarantee the integrity of the query result as well. Unfortunately, until now most of existing techniques couldn't support proper data privacy with reasonable execution cost. To carry on data privacy with rational execution cost for the cloud spatial data, we put forward spatial transformation that use shear transformation with rotation and shifting. We describe most important attack model measuring the data privacy of our transformation scheme. In addition, we devise a technique to evaluate the execution cost by the spatial range query. Finally, extensive experiments have demonstrated that our method has excellent performance against attack model for the data privacy with low communication cost.
Breaking camouflage: responses of neurons in the middle temporal area to stimuli defined by coherent motion

Camouflaged animals remain inconspicuous only insofar as they remain static. This demonstrates that motion is a powerful cue for figure–ground segregation, allowing detection of moving objects even when their luminance and texture characteristics are matched to the background. We investigated the neural processes underlying this phenomenon by testing the responses of neurons in the middle temporal area (MT) to ‘camouflaged’ bars, which were rendered visible by motion. These responses were compared with those elicited by ‘solid’ bars, which also differed from background in terms of their mean luminance. Most MT neurons responded strongly to camouflaged bars, and signaled their direction of motion with precision, with direction‐tuning curves being only slightly wider than those measured with solid bars. However, the tuning of most MT cells to stimulus length and speed depended on the type of stimulus – in comparison with solid bars, responses to camouflaged bars typically showed more extensive length summation, weak end‐inhibition, and stronger attenuation at high speeds. Moreover, the emergence of direction selectivity was delayed in trials involving camouflaged bars, relative to solid bars. Comparison with results obtained in the first (V1) and second (V2) visual areas, using similar stimuli, indicates that neural computations performed in MT result in significantly stronger and more accurate signals about camouflaged objects, particularly in situations in which these are relatively large and slow moving. These computations are likely to represent an important step in enabling cue‐invariant perception of moving objects, particularly in biologically relevant situations.
Role of the phagosomal redox-sensitive TRP channel TRPM2 in regulating bactericidal activity of macrophages

ABSTRACT Acidification of macrophage phagosomes serves an important bactericidal function. We show here that the redox-sensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel TRPM2 is expressed in the phagosomal membrane and regulates macrophage bactericidal activity through the activation of phagosomal acidification. Measurement of the TRPM2 current in phagosomes identified TRPM2 as a functional redox-sensitive cation channel localized in the phagosomal membrane. Simultaneous measurements of phagosomal Ca2+ changes and phagosome acidification in macrophages undergoing phagocytosis demonstrated that TRPM2 was required to mediate the efflux of cations and for phagosomal acidification during the process of phagosome maturation. Acidification in phagosomes was significantly reduced in macrophages isolated from Trpm2−/− mice as compared to wild type, and acidification was coupled to reduced bacterial clearance in Trpm2−/− mice. Trpm2+/+ macrophages treated with the vacuolar H+-ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin showed reduced bacterial clearance, similar to that in Trpm2−/− macrophages. Direct activation of TRPM2 using adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR) induced both phagosomal acidification and bacterial killing. These data collectively demonstrate that TRPM2 regulates phagosomal acidification, and is essential for the bacterial killing function of macrophages. Summary: We found that the redox-sensitive TRP channel TRPM2 was present in the phagosomal membrane and that it regulates macrophage bactericidal activity by promoting phagosomal acidification.
Effect of decreased O 2 supply on skeletal muscle oxygenation and O 2 consumption during sepsis : role of heterogeneous capillary spacing and blood flow

Goldman, Daniel, Ryon M. Bateman, and Christopher G. Ellis. Effect of decreased O2 supply on skeletal muscle oxygenation and O2 consumption during sepsis: role of heterogeneous capillary spacing and blood flow. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 290: H2277–H2285, 2006. First published January 6, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00547. 2005. —One of the main aspects of the initial phase of the septic inflammatory response to a bacterial infection is abnormal microvascular perfusion, including decreased functional capillary density (FCD) and increased blood flow heterogeneity. On the other hand, one of the most important phenomena observed in the later stages of sepsis is an increased dependence of tissue O2 utilization on the convective O2 supply. This “pathological supply dependency” is associated with organ failure and poor clinical outcomes. Here, a detailed theoretical model of capillary-to-tissue O2 transport during sepsis is used to examine the origins of abnormal supply dependency. With use of three-dimensional arrays of capillaries with heterogeneous spacing and blood flow, steady-state O2 transport is simulated numerically during reductions in the O2 supply. Increased supply dependency is shown to occur in sepsis for hypoxic (decreased hemoglobin O2 saturation) and stagnant (decreased blood flow) hypoxia. For stagnant hypoxia, a reduction in FCD with decreasing blood flow is necessary to obtain the observed increase in supply dependency. Our results imply that supply dependency observed under normal conditions does not have its origin at the level of individual capillaries. In sepsis, however, diffusion limitation and shunting of O2 by individual capillaries occur to a degree that is dependent on the heterogeneity of septic injury and the arrangement of capillary networks. Thus heterogeneous stoppage of individual capillaries is a likely factor in pathological supply dependency.
An Investigation of Face Recognition Characteristics Using PCA and ICA

This aims to investigate the face recognition characteristics using widely adopted statistical approaches (i.e., Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA)). This paper focus on Eigen faces approach for implementing the face recognition and detection on the images to compare the performance of PCA and ICA. Moreover, our results are reveals that based on applied condition and performance metric, turning ICA produce better results than PCA. The managerial practices and results of the paper have presented.
Local Maximal Marginal Embedding with Application to Face Recognition

Many problems in information processing involve some form of dimensionality reduction. This paper develops a new approach for dimensionality reduction of high dimensional data, called local maximal marginal (interclass) embedding (LMME), to manifold learning and pattern recognition. LMME can be seen as a linear approach of a multimanifolds-based learning framework which integrates the information of neighbor and class relations. LMME characterize the local maximal marginal scatter as well as the local intraclass compactness, seeking to find a projection that maximizes the local maximal margin and minimizes the local intraclass scatter. This characteristic makes LMME more powerful than the most up-to-data method, Marginal Fisher Analysis (MFA), and maintain all the advantages of MFA. The proposed algorithm is applied to face recognition and is examined using the Yale, AR, ORL and face image databases. The experimental results show LMME consistently outperforms PCA, LDA and MFA, owing to the locally discriminating nature. This demonstrates that LMME is an effective method for face recognition.
Measurement of flow components on upland areas using dye dilution techniques

ABSTRACT DYE dilution techniques can be used to measure rill, interrill, and interrill-to-rill flow rates on upland areas. Procedures and equations for making flow measurements are described along with equations for estimating interrill length and width. If measurements of interrill length and rill width are available, use of simplified flow equations is possible. Water and dye continuity concepts were utilized to develop generalized interrill-to-rill flow relationships. Measurement of flow from interrill-to-rill areas requires information on the concentration and rate of dye injection, and flow rate and dye concentration on both rill and interrill areas at a downslope sampling location. Dye dilution techniques could be employed to expand information on flow characteristics on upland areas.
In Vitro Evolution and Preliminary Characterization of a Cadmium-Resistant Population of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Cadmium is a highly toxic environmental pollutant. It is incorporated and accumulated in large amounts by all organisms tested so far (12, 18). Despite intensive research, the exact molecular mechanisms of Cd toxicity are not well understood. In many organisms, except plants, special proteins, the so-called metallothioneins, are assigned a central role in Cd detoxification mechanisms (9). In plants, a class of special peptides called phytochelatins (5, 7) or class III metallothioneins (4) are thought to act in the same way.
Regional tectonics of the Coso geothermal area along the intracontinental plate boundary in central eastern California : Three-dimensional Vp and Vp/Vs models, spatial-temporal seismicity patterns, and seismogenic deformation

We synthesize the tectonics of the southern Walker Lane belt and Coso Range in central eastern California using regional earthquake data. First, we invert for three-dimensional models of the V_p and V_p/V_s structure of the upper and middle crust. Using these models, we also determine three-dimensional Vs and Poisson’s ratio models. The changes in seismic velocities across the region are small, except for low velocities in sedimentary basins and a ∼2-km positive elevation of the basement velocities (V_p > 6 km/s) beneath the southern Sierra Nevada. Localized low-V_p and low-V_s zones beneath the central Coso Range image a geothermal reservoir at 0- to 3-km depth, as well as distinct low-velocity anomalies in the depth range of ∼8 to ∼12 km. Because the V_p/V_s has average crustal values within this broader zone, we interpret the anomaly to indicate a zone of few percent geothermal brines extending from 8- to 12-km depth. In addition, an embedded highly localized poorly resolved zone (possibly as small as 1 km^3) of slightly above average V_p/V_s and higher Poisson’s ratio is a tentative suggestion of a small volume percent of magma present at depth of ∼10 km. Second, we relocated the seismicity in the region using absolute traveltimes and differential traveltimes determined from waveform cross correlation. The relocated seismicity forms several spatially clustered lineaments along the southeast side of the Sierra Nevada and in the Indian Wells Valley and vicinity of the Coso geothermal field, which coincide with mapped late Quaternary faults in the region. The base of seismicity shallows from a regional depth of about ∼11 to ∼5 km beneath the central Coso Range, which we interpret as evidence for shallowing of the brittle-ductile transition zone beneath the geothermal field. In addition to abundant background seismicity, two large earthquake swarms, located 5 to 8 km to the west of Coso, occurred in April to May 1992 and May to June 2001. Two dual main shock-aftershock sequences also occurred as follows: the 1994 sequence near Ridgecrest and the later Coso earthquake sequence from late 1996 to early 1998, with the pairs of main shocks spaced 47 days and 16 months apart, respectively. Kinematic analysis of the focal mechanisms indicates that the crustal stress loading process varies across the region. The low-Vp anomaly, abundant seismicity, and crustal thinning provide quantitative evidence for the Coso region being an extensional releasing step over between two northwest-striking dextral faults: The Little Lake and Airport Lake fault zones to the south, and the Owens Valley fault to the north.
Shadow Detection of Static Outdoor Images using Thresholding Techniques

In applications like traffic surveillance ,military surveillance Tracking is one of the services offered . The success of these application now depend on how successfully the object of interest are tracked . One of the factor which affects the tracking process and lead to false detection is the problem of shadows. These shadows having their shape similar to that of the object and are often mistaken as the object which lead to false tracking. Shadow detection and its elimination is one of the important and pre-processing stages which is introduced in the tracking systems. The images available can be a video sequence called as dynamic image or a set of photos called as static image. More work is done in area of dynamic shadow detection where the object of interest is moving, in this case the method of background subtraction and frame comparison is used for shadow detection. In case of static shadow detection frame comparison and background subtraction is not possible. So shadow detection methods are mostly property based. Static shadow detection is less exposed as compared to dynamic shadow detection. Decomposition of a single image into a shadow image and a shadow-free image is a difficult problem, due to complex interactions of geometry, albedo, and illumination. Many techniques have been proposed over the years, but shadow detection still remains an extremely challenging problem, particularly from a static image view point. Our system detects shadow regions from static Outdoor images. The paper exposes the approach to detect the shadows of object from Outdoor images. Outdoor images which have static background and changing lighting conditions are taken into consideration. The parametric color model so formed has the varying intensities parameter as well as the color information. This is tested with the color outdoor images. We used global and local thresholding for the color images in HSV color space.
Aggregated Flexibility to Support Congestion Management

The increase in variable renewable energy sources requires more flexibility in the power system. This could be provided by small distributed energy sources located at end-users. Aggregators can potentially exploit this flexibility by providing Primary Control Reserve (PCR) services to the Transmission System Operator, and congestion management services to Distribution System Operators. A simulation model based on Linear Programming is used to assess, for a case study in the Netherlands, whether such congestion management services are efficient. The results show that an aggregator can reduce the total system costs with 10–15% relative to traditional grid reinforcements, depending on price and depreciation of batteries, PCR remuneration, and wholesale electricity price.