Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Soil mechanical behaviour of sandy loams in a temperate climate: case studies on long‐term effects of fertilization and crop rotation

Abstract. Two case studies on Danish sandy loams investigated the long‐term effects of fertilization and crop rotation. Case Study 1 compared a diversely cropped organically farmed soil (DFG(1)) with a conventionally farmed soil predominantly growing annual crops (DFA), both receiving animal manure. In Case Study 2, a diversely cropped organically managed soil (DFG(2)) receiving animal manure was compared with an almost exclusively cereal cropped conventionally farmed soil receiving no animal manure (CCC). A multi‐level experimental strategy was followed to compare integrating field methods with specialized laboratory methods. Ease of tillage was described in the field and characterized using a drop shatter field test and by measuring aggregate tensile strength. Fitness as a seedbed was characterised visually in the field and from the drop shatter test. Impedance to seedling emergence and root penetration was evaluated by measuring bulk soil shear strength. For Case Study 1, soil tilth was better for the DFA soil than for the DFG(1) soil (i.e. lower soil strength and higher ease of fragmentation and friability index for DFA). However, a crumbly structure and a moderate bulk density suggested that the DFG(1) soil was also a favourable medium for plant growth. For Case Study 2, the CCC soil had a lower organic matter content, higher bulk density, higher soil strength, and lower ease of fragmentation in comparison with the DFG(2) soil.
Trace Metal Mixture Toxicity in Aquatic Organism Reviewed from a Biotoxicity Perspective

ABSTRACT Biotoxicity of individual metals is well investigated but that of metal mixture, an environmental reality, in the developing metal mixture, is relatively obscure. Experimental evidences had shown that this mixture could give rise to combined effects that were different from the effect of metals one by one. This review provides an overview of recent research on metal mixture toxicity and the methods employed to predict their toxic combined effects. The two established reference models, the concentration-addition model and the independent-addition model, were used for evaluating the combined effect from the biological activities of the metal mixtures. While the reference models had provided reasonable tools for analyzing the combined effects, the actual predictions for binary metal mixtures showed often somewhat less than additive combined effects compared to what has been observed. As the metal bioavailability is oriented by several environmental factors as well as the toxicodynamics of metals is highly compound-specific, the non-interactive combined effects may be confused with different processes of the interactions. Thus, for improving the predictability of combined effects in metal mixture toxicity, numerous qualitative and quantitative analysis are required for the processes governing the toxicokinetics and dynamics of metals in aquatic organisms.
Photoreductive dissolution of Fe‐containing mineral dust particles in acidic media

[1] In this study, the photoreductive dissolution of Fe-containing mineral dust particles in acidic media is investigated. Photolysis experiments were performed using a solar simulator to irradiate acidic mineral dust suspensions prepared from source materials of Inland Saudi sand (IS), Saharan sand (SS) and one commercial sample, Arizona test dust (AZTD). The results show that Fe dissolution is a pH-dependent process, and total Fe solubility decreases with the solution pH increasing. Comparing iron dissolution from different source materials, Fe(II)-containing AZTD is more soluble than IS and SS samples, irrespective of the presence or absence of light. Experiments performed at three different temperatures of 278, 293, and 308 K show that both total dissolved Fe and dissolved Fe(II) increase with temperature and upon light exposure. Results of dissolution studies with AZTD performed at low pH also illustrate that the nature of the acid strongly influences iron solubilization. Fe solubility decreases in the suspensions of H2SO4 and HNO3 in the presence of light, whereas Fe solubility increases in the HCl solution under the irradiation compared to the dark reaction. Finally, our results confirm earlier work showing that photoreductive dissolution of Fe is very sensitive to dissolved oxygen. Results from this laboratory study show that mineralogy and speciation of iron, as well as environmentally relevant factors including pH, light, O2, and nature of the inorganic anion, NO3−, SO42−, and Cl−, must be considered when modeling the input of iron to the oceans.
Regioselective acylation of ginsenosides by Novozyme 435 to generate molecular diversity

Ginsenosides are major bioactive constituents of ginseng (Panax spp.; Araliaceae), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb. In order to increase the molecular diversity and broaden the potential usage of ginsenosides, ginsenosides Rd (1), Rg3 (2), (20R)-Rg3 (3), Rh2 (4), Re (5), Rh1 (8), Rg2 (9), gypenoside XVII (6), and pseudoginsenoside F11 (7) were regioselectively acylated with vinyl acetate, catalyzed by Novozyme 435 (lipase B from Candida antarctica), in organic solvents to afford different mono-acetyl ginsenosides. Ginsenoside Rd (1) was also acylated with vinyl decanoate or vinyl cinnamate to generate 1b and 1c, respectively. Acylation of glucosylated ginsenosides (1–4, 6, 8) occurred at the primary 6-OH function of the terminal glucose (Glc) moiety of the sugar at C(3) or C(20) of the dammarane-type aglycone. In contrast, ginsenosides 5, 7, and 9, containing mixed sugar moieties, resulted in acylation of both the rhamnose (Rha) and the glucose (Glc) moieties. In the case of ginsenoside Re (5) and pseudoginsenoside F11 (7), acylation at the secondary 4-OH function of the terminal Rha moiety, attached at C(3) of the aglycone, is preferred. The structures of all acylated products were determined by extensive MALDI-TOF-MS and NMR analyses.
British Association of Otolaryngologists Head and Neck Surgeons Summer Meeting, 7–8 September 2005, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK: general abstracts

Introduction Concern over the risk of variant Creutsfeld–Jacob disease transmission during tonsillectomy resulted in a complete embargo on the operation until a safer strategy could be found. This provided clinicians with an opportunity to observe the spontaneous resolution rate of the initial indications for tonsillectomy in patients on the waiting list. We aimed to study this spontaneous resolution rate in adult patients on the waiting list, and to assess whether factors such as hospital, gender, age and duration on waiting list affected the final decision to undergo surgery.
SURVEY OF EVALUATION TECHNIQUES FOR STUDYING RANGELAND GRASS SPECIES NUTRITIONAL VALUES

Studying the philosophy of animal grazing and diet selection in rangelands is crucial. There are vast activities regarding animal diet that have gradually been developed since the beginning of rangeland research studies. Survey of the investigation of the animal diets throughout the world can assist in gathering and categorizing the compiled information on this subject. The present study is done by utilizing databases (e. g. Science Direct, Elsevier, and J. Store) as library research method. About 700 articles have been examined in this investigation and the results showed that the study of animal diets started in 1950s and continued in 1980s as applied and comparative research. The early studies were carried out on cattle, sheep, and goats, and then progressed on wildlife including deer, rabbits, red elk, and wild goats. The survey of these investigations have also shown that there are eight methods to study animal diets, including direct vision, fistulation, stomach content, fecal analysis, utilization, and more recently, DNA analysis. The fecal analysis and fistulation method with 11.63% and 8.25%, respectively, as maximum, and the time method and the DNA analysis with 0.15% and 0.29%, respectively, as minimum were the study methods of animal diets in which grasses, forbs and shrubs were used in most of these methods for evaluating the animal diets. Furthermore, the results showed that North America has published about 24.73% of the research articles and Asia about 1.33% articles. Although different journals have published articles on animal diets, Journal of Range Management has published about 21.06% of all the articles. The survey has also indicated that Asia has published less research on animal diet, and the Range Society or the Range Bureau of Iran collected this information from the world as a database that can be used for proper management of the native rangelands in the country.
Calculating Effectiveness of Water Conservation Measures

Implementation of water conservation programs can result in significant savings to water utilities. Engineers and planners working with utilities need to be able to predict the reduction in water requirements (i.e., effectiveness of water conservation) that will result from implementation of water conservation measures. A procedure that was developed to help predict water conservation effectiveness for typical conditions is presented.
Unmasking re-regulation in the luxury hotel sector

Abstract The pursuit of regulatory reform in order to enhance organisational flexibility and efficiency appears to be ongoing in Australia. This is particularly salient in the service sector, where competition is strong and operating hours are often extended. In responding to these issues, government has sought to provide both employers and employees with additional regulatory options to better suit their individual needs; thereby offering what might be termed ‘regulatory choice’. While employers, on average, have engaged in these alternate forms of agreement making, those within the hospitality industry have been less enthusiastic about bargaining outside of the award system. The reasons for their reluctance have not been examined in depth, however. This paper therefore seeks to analyse the factors underpinning employers' bargaining decisions in order to develop a greater understanding of regulatory choice in Australian service sector firms. In doing so, the analysis focuses on employers' bargaining arrangements in the Australian luxury hotel sector. The findings indicate that regulatory choice is influenced by four primary factors: business/human resource management strategy; workplace characteristics; finances and perceived risk; and administrative issues. Contrary to the government's endeavours to enhance flexibility, some employers ‘choice’ of employment regulation was restricted. Regulatory choice appears to be significantly more complex than anticipated.
Voltage controlled, reactive planar magnetron sputtering of AlN thin films

Three operating modes for planar magnetron sputtering are investigated for the purpose of controlling the stoichiometry of AlNx (0? x? 1) films: (1) controlled gas flow rates at constant power, (2) controlled power at constant flow rates, and (3) controlled cathode voltage at constant flow rates. Whereas modes (1) and (2) are found to exhibit runaway transitions associated with target coverage, mode (3) is shown to provide a means for stable operation for any degree of target coverage (0? x? 1).
A two-dimensional analysis of the flow past an open terrestrial magnetopause

A study of the two-dimensional incompressible flow of the solar wind past an open terrestrial magnetosphere is presented. The plasma is described by the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations including non-ideal effects such as resistivity and viscosity. The theoretical analysis is based on an ordinary perturbation technique with expansion in orders of large Reynolds and Lundqvist numbers. Magnetic reconnection is assumed to occur at an arbitrary point along a region of the magnetopause, stretching from the sub-solar point to the north. From the analysis we find analytical solutions describing the transition layers north and south of a reconnection point. It is shown that the transition layer north of the reconnection point is thinner than the layer on the south side. It is also shown that in order for steady reconnection to occur, the velocity at the reconnection point must be less than the Alfvén velocity. Using the method of matched asymptotic expansions, we match the transition layer solution with a potential flow solution describing the flow and magnetic field in the exterior magnetosheath.
The Triassic isopod Protamphisopus wianamattensis (Chilton) and comparison by extant taxa (Crustacea, Phreatoicidea)

Protamphisopus wianamattensis (Chilton, 1918) from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) Ashfield Shale in the Sydney Basin, Australia, is the earliest-known freshwater representative of the basal isopod suborder Phreatoicidea. In contrast, the late Paleozoic Palaeophreatoicidae species, which are morphologically distinct from extant families, are found in marine or estuarine facies. Comparison of Protamphisopus wianamattensis with living Phreatoicidea permits the external morphology of the fossils to be reconstructed and the species to be coded for cladistic analysis using a revised and expanded character set developed for living phreatoicideans. In resulting parsimonious trees as well as immediately suboptimal trees, Protamphisopus is nested within clades related to the family Amphisopodidae. Although not included in the analysis, the Late Permian Protamphisopus reichelti Malzahn (in Glaessner and Malzahn, 1962) appears to be a member of the Palaeophreatoicidae, rather than among the crown group of the Phreatoicidea. Therefore, a minimum age of Middle Triassic can be assigned to the basal branches within the phreatoicid crown group. The minimum age for the colonisation of fresh water by the suborder is also established although, given the advanced position of Protamphisopus wianamattensis in the cladograms, the habitat shift may have occurred earlier. The biogeographic distribution of extant Phreatoicidea on fragments of Gondwana is consistent with early Mesozoic origins for the major clades of this isopod suborder.
Real-time PCR based detection of a panel of food-borne pathogens on a centrifugal microfluidic “LabDisk” with on-disk quality controls and standards for quantification

We present an implementation of parallel, real-time PCR based detection of up to 6 different food-borne pathogens on our centrifugal microfluidic “LabDisk” platform. It has the following two novelties: (1) a microfluidic network for integration of positive controls (PCs), no-template controls (NTCs), and standards (STDs) into a centrifugal microfluidic PCR cartridge; (2) a microfluidic unit operation for sequential aliquoting of two liquids of highly different wetting characteristics into fourteen aliquots with 5.8 μL ± 0.3 μL (PCR mastermix) and 6.1 ± 0.8 μL (elution buffer), respectively. The presented “LabDisk” implementation can be used either in a qualitative or quantitative operation mode depending on the prestorage scheme of reagents. In qualitative mode, two DNA samples can be tested per cartridge for the presence of 6 food pathogens (Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, EHEC, Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter freundii and Campylobacter jejuni), including PCs and NTCs. This was proofed for DNA concentrations of 10 pg, 1 pg, and 0.1 pg per pathogen. In quantitative mode, one DNA sample per cartridge can be analysed quantitatively for the presence of two pathogens by prestored and on-disk generated standard curves. 50 pg and 500 pg L. monocytogenes genomic DNA samples have been quantified to 83 ± 17 pg and 540 ± 116 pg DNA, respectively, while 50 pg and 500 pg S. typhimurium DNA samples have been quantified to 48 ± 4 pg and 643 ± 211 pg DNA. In both operation modes, the microfluidic routing of the liquids was done by spinning the cartridge on a low-cost centrifugal test rig. For real-time PCR amplification, the cartridge was then transferred into a commercially available thermocycler. The nucleic acid amplification and detection as presented here is fully compatible with upstream DNA extraction as presented previously (Strohmeier et al., Lab Chip, 2013, 13, 146-155). Concatenation of both fluidic structures will enable fully integrated sample-to-answer testing of food-borne pathogens in the future.
Successful Growth of Conductive Highly Crystalline Sn-Doped α-Ga2O3 Thin Films by Fine-Channel Mist Chemical Vapor Deposition

Highly crystalline α-phase gallium oxide (Ga2O3) thin films were grown by fine-channel mist chemical vapor deposition on c-sapphire substrates at 400 °C at a deposition rate of more than 20 nm/min. The thin films were doped with Sn(IV) atoms, which were obtained from Sn(II) chloride by the reaction SnCl2+ H2O2+ 2HCl→SnCl4+ 2H2O. Conductive α-phase Ga2O3 thin films were successfully grown from source solutions containing less than 10 at. % Sn(IV). The source solution containing 4 at. % Sn(IV) resulted in obtaining a thin film with an n-type conductivity as high as 0.28 S cm-1, a mobility of 0.23 cm2 V-1 s-1, a carrier concentration of 7×1018 cm-3, and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the (0006) reflection X-ray rocking curve as low as 64 arcsec.
Development and Analysis of Novel IoT Based Resistive Soil Moisture Sensor using Arduino UNO

This paper presents the designing and construction of a resistive based soil moisture sensor using the Arduino UNO board. The low-cost sensor can be an effective device that can be used in determining and monitoring water content in the soil. The system is proposed to help farmers in agricultural applications. By knowing moisture content in the soil, farmers can determine the appropriate water needed for optimum growth of plants and improve irrigation planning thus increasing the overall crop productivity. Different soil test samples with different water content are taken for observing the variations in the values of the developed sensor. The sensor is found to meet considerable accuracy to a certain extent . The fusion of soil moisture models like the Dubois model is performed with the sensing device.
Nonlinear Gradient Estimation for Query Efﬁcient Blackbox Attack

Gradient projection and gradient estimation have been studied as two distinct topics. We aim to bridge the gap between the two by investigating how gradient can be effectively estimated from a projected low-dimensional space. We provide lower and upper bounds for gradient estimation under both linear and non-linear projections. Moreover, we analyze the query complexity for the projection-based gradient estimation. Built upon our theoretic analysis, we propose a novel query-efﬁcient Nonlinear Gradient Projection-based B oundary-based Black-box A ttack ( NonLinear-BA ). We show that the boundary blackbox attack with projection-based gradient estimation is able to achieve a much smaller magnitude of perturbation with the same number of queries and a 100% attack success rate. We also evaluate NonLinear-BA against commercial online API MEGVII Face++ and demonstrate high attack performance.
Effect Momentum Evidence from Advance Emerging Markets

Objective – The momentum effect (Czekaj et al., 2014) is one of the most recognizable anomalies on the capital market. Based on the observed effect it is recommended to invest in shares that in the medium term (from 3 to 12 months) were characterized by the high growth of prices and it is worth selling discount securities. There are two hypotheses stated in the article: Momentum effect occurs on the analysed market, The momentum effect can be the basis for building a profitable investment strategy. Research/methodology – Three methods verified the hypotheses: tests of differences, average and median rate of return, and dynamic models panelled with the estimation of parameters and generalized method of moments Results – There is some evidence that the momentum effect exists on the Polish market, but it is the result of lower losses of winners’ portfolio and is visible only for short-term investment horizons. The contrarian effect appears in the case of longer observations and investment horizons. Originality/value – In the presented paper the author tries to examine that the anomaly that exists on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE), one of the biggest emerging markets of the European Union. In a lot of research the WSE is classified as an advanced emerging market. The next important issue is the period of twenty years after the economic transformation in Poland. The last one is a wide range of research methods.
An Analysis of the Role of Change Readiness and Colleague Support in the Relationship between Role Stressors and Withdrawal Behaviours: The Case of Health Care Sector Employees

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of role stressors (role ambiguity, role conflict, and role overload) on change readiness and in turn their effects on the withdrawal process. In addition, it explores the moderating role of colleague support in the relationship between role stressors and change readiness. Design/methodology/approach – Data was collected from health care workers (N=457) in a large Canadian hospital undergoing large scale change. Findings – The results revealed that role ambiguity and role conflict had a significant negative association with change readiness. Change readiness was related to turnover intentions which was related to higher levels of absenteeism and actual turnover. Change readiness partially mediated the relationship between role ambiguity and turnover intentions but not for role conflict and role overload. Turnover intentions partially mediated the relationship between change readiness and actual turnover but not for absenteeism. Role conflict had a direct rather than an indirect effect via change readiness on turnover intentions. Finally, colleague support moderated the relationship between all three role stressors and change readiness. Originality/value – Little is known about the limiting factors of change as well as the factors that protect against them. We identify role stressors as a limiting factor for change and highlight their impact on change readiness and the overall withdrawal process. The results, however, also show that some demands are more commonly experienced by health care workers thereby not posing a threat to their change readiness. Colleague support is identified as a coping mechanism for mitigating against the detrimental effects of role stressors.
Energy-Aware Caching at the Wireless Network Edge for Information-Centric Operation

Information-centric networking (ICN) has been proposed as a paradigm for overcoming the networking challenges of the current Internet involving the explosion of content consumption and the widening gap between tra ﬃ c and capacity growth. Although new communication systems and protocols are deployed in the ﬁeld to meet the broadband tra ﬃ c surge, the ubiquitous proliferation of mobile broadband access and advanced user devices outpaces implemented countermeasures and aggravates this capacity crunch issue. Moreover, the expanding networking infrastructure is expected to be more energy-e ﬃ cient conforming to “green communications” concept while serving burgeoning tra ﬃ c demands. In this paper, we study the application of caching mechanisms to the edge of an infrastructure-based mobile network supporting ICN and explore their impact on the energy consumption of the investigated system. We devise a greedy heuristic cache management strategy for this setting and evaluate its performance. Our scheme incorporates energy reward, popularity, Time-To-Live (TTL) and delay (i.e. chunk loss due to delay sensitivity) factors and provides energy savings with low-complexity operation.