Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and Implementation of Reversible Multiplier using optimum TG Full Adder

The reversible logic has received great attention in last few years due to their ability to reduce the power dissipation which is the main requirement in low power VLSI design. Multipliers are widely used in DSP for calculation of FFT, convolution, to perform MAC operation, and in microprocessors to perform ALU related operations. This paper proposes a 16X16 reversible multiplier using Toffoli gate Full adder which can multiply two 16-bit numbers. It is based on the two concepts, the partial products are generated in parallel using Toffoli gates, and the addition of partial products is carried out by using reversible full adder designed with modified TG gate. The designed multiplier is faster and has low hardware complexity. In addition to that the designed reversible multiplier is better than the existing counterparts in terms of power consumption, delay, Garbage inputs, outputs, and quantum cost. The designed 16-bit multiplier is modeled using Verilog HDL and functionality is verified with Xilinx Vivado 2016.2.
An Unsupervised Learning Approach for Network and System Analysis

viii List of Abbreviations and Symbols Used . ix Acknowledgements . xii Chapter
Nutritional and Oral Health Conditions in High School Students

To describe the relationship of oral diseases and nutritional status in high school students. A total of 203 high school students were evaluated nutritionally and orally according to the World Health Organization (WHO). A descriptive analysis, frequency, average tables, and a statistical analysis (Spearman correlation test) were performed with SPSS ver. 22 statistical software for Windows. Nutritionally, 146 students showed a normal Body Mass Index (BMI), six had malnutrition, 41 had overweight, and 10 had obesity. In the oral evaluation, the average number of caries was 3.08 ± 2.78, malnutrition showed 3.6, overweight 2.75, and obesity, 2.9. The risk of caries can be increases the greater the age, height, weight, skin-fold thickness, and periodontal disease. There is no significant statistical correlation between oral diseases and nutritional issues; however, qualitative analyses of patients with dental loss or oral diseases express significant deficiencies in their nutritional health.
Application of a data mining framework for the identification of agricultural production areas in WA

This paper will propose a data mining framework for the identification of agricultural production areas in W.A. The data mining (DM) framework was developed with the aim of enhancing the analysis of agricultural datasets compared to currently used statistical methods. The DM framework is a synthesis of different technologies brought together for the purpose of enhancing the interrogation of these datasets. The DM framework is based on the data, information, knowledge and wisdom continuum as a horizontal axis, with DM and online analytical processing (OLAP) forming the vertical axis. In addition the DM framework incorporates aspects of data warehousing phases, exploratory data mining (EDM and a post-processing phase for cyclic updating of data and for data qualification. The DM framework could be used to identify agricultural production areas in WA specifically for crop prediction, planting and harvesting strategies. In addition, farmers using the results from the DM framework may be able to better devise tactical and strategic plans brought about by seasonal variability and climatic changes. These outcomes all form part of a recommendation for best practices in agricultural production. Such a framework could also be used in a general context to analyze datasets in keeping with the attribute of reusability that all frameworks must display.
Surface elevation changes and sediment characteristics of intertidal surfaces undergoing mangrove expansion and mangrove removal, Waikaraka Estuary, Tauranga Harbour, New Zealand

Since the 1940s mangroves have expanded their areal coverage in many estuaries in the northern half of the North Island of New Zealand. The extent of mangrove colonization in Waikaraka Estuary, Tauranga Harbour, has been documented using photogrammetric analysis, and the impacts of subsequent mangrove removal are analysed. Surface elevation changes in response to mangrove removal are measured using RSETs (Rod Surface Elevation Table) and erosion pins, and sediment accumulation rates were calculated from sediment trap results. Temporal changes to surface sediment texture are analysed. Mangrove physiognomy is described from analysis of mean plant height, plant density and pneumatophore density. Plant heights reflect the shrubby growth form of mangroves growing toward their southern climatic limit, with mean plant heights under 1.5 m. Mangrove coverage has increased from approximately 16,000 m2 in 1943 to 115,000 m2 in 2003. Since May 2005, 9,600 m2 of mangrove vegetation has been removed from the estuary.For the monitoring period of March 2006 to March 2007, rates of surface elevation change in cleared areas ranged from - 9 mm to - 38 mm yr (mean -14 mm yr). Conversely, surface elevation under mangrove forest varied between sites, ranging from -5 mm to 14 mm yr (mean 3 mm yr). Results from RSETs and erosion pins and a coarsening of surface sediment texture at the cleared sites, is consistent with sediment release after mangrove removal.
Plant growth, metabolism and adaptation in relation to stress conditions: Further studies supporting nullification of harmful effects of salinity in lettuce plants by urea treatment

Foliar application of urea to lettuce plants induced pronounced changes in the total amount and in the relative composition of the nitrogen pool. As compared with untreated lettuce plants, urease (UR), nitrate reductase (NR), asparaginase (AS) and glutamine synthetase (GS) activities were, in general, increased with an increase in the concentration of urea. On the other hand, salinization of lettuce plants with NaCl induced a significant decrease in the activities of UR, NR, AS and GS, at vegetative and adult growth stages. In general, treatment of lettuce plants with increasing concentrations of urea fertilizer in combination with each of the levels of salinity resulted in significant increases in all enzyme activities. Treatment with increasing concentrations of urea fertilizer induced significant decreases both in glycine and proline contents below control levels. On the other hand, salinization of lettuce plants with NaCl induced significant pronounced increases in the contents of the two amino acids. Further increments in glycine and proline contents were observed in differently salinized lettuce plants foliary sprayed with increasing concentrations of urea at vegetative and adult growth stages. Salinity solely enhanced the occurrence of novel proteins that were detected neither in the water control nor in the urea-treated plants. Protein banding patterns of lettuce plants treated with urea either alone or in combination with NaCl showed different de novo protein bands with different molecular weights, induced by urea and/or NaCl at vegetative and adult growth stages.
Affective Issues in Adaptive Educational Environments

Research in computer science recently began to take emotions into account because their influence in perception, reasoning, decision-making and learning is considered catalytic. In learning the appropriate sentimental background constitutes a significant requirement in order to be effective. However, many designers of adaptive learning systems develop their systems without taking into consideration the emotional factors that are related to the mood and the personality of the student. This omission deprives the learning process from a very important pedagogical dimension. In this chapter, the focus is on affective factors that are involved in the learning process and can be considered in designing adaptive learning environments. We present first the basic theories and models for affective computer. We deal with methods of affective elicitation and representation of affective knowledge. We then present affective educational applications. Finally, we discuss issues and future trends of affective computing in relation to the learning.
Sedimentation of inertia-less prolate spheroids in homogenous isotropic turbulence with application to non-motile phytoplankton

Phytoplankton are the foundation of aquatic food webs. Through photosynthesis, phytoplankton draw down $\text{CO}_{2}$ at magnitudes equivalent to forests and other terrestrial plants and convert it to organic material that is then consumed by other planktonic organisms in higher trophic levels. Mechanisms that affect local concentrations and velocities are of primary significance to many encounter-based processes in the plankton, including prey–predator interactions, fertilization and aggregate formation. We report results from simulations of sinking phytoplankton, considered as elongated spheroids, in homogenous isotropic turbulence to answer the question of whether trajectories and velocities of sinking phytoplankton are altered by turbulence. We show in particular that settling spheroids with physical characteristics similar to those of diatoms weakly cluster and preferentially sample regions of downwelling flow, corresponding to an increase of the mean settling speed with respect to the mean settling speed in quiescent fluid. We explain how different parameters can affect the settling speed and what underlying mechanisms might be involved. Interestingly, we observe that the increase in the aspect ratio of the prolate spheroids can affect the clustering and the average settling speed of particles by two mechanisms: first is the effect of aspect ratio on the rotation rate of the particles, which saturates faster than the second mechanism of increasing drag anisotropy.
Common and emergent factors associated with hypertension control in Romania . Data from SEPHAR II Study

Romania is an East European country with high mortality rates for ischemic heart and cerebrovascular diseases largely attributable to an increased level of uncontrolled hypertension. We aimed to analyze the data of SEPHAR II epidemiological study in order to identify the factors associated with treatment control in Romanian hypertensives. A total of 1975 subjects, selected on the base of stratified proportional sampling and consented to participate in the study, were evaluated during the two study visits. Hypertension was diagnosed according to current ESH-ESC guidelines (≥140/80 mmHg). High blood pressure (BP) variability was defined as visit-to-visit standard deviation (s.d.) of systolic blood pressure (SBP) situated in the 4th percentile with values ≥8.49 mmHg (Q4_SBP_s.d.). Arterial stiffness recordings were realized with an oscillometric device (Medexpert Arteriograph IrDA). According to the multivariate analysis for the validation of parameters associated with lack of BP control were found significant: a low level of education [OR=2.86; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.84-4.45, p<0.0001] or income [OR=1.04; 95% CI 1.03-1.05, p<0.0001], increased aortic pulse wave velocity (PWVao) [OR=1.32; 95% CI 1.23-1.43, p<0.0001], high BP variability [OR=0.15; 95% CI 0.07-0.33, p<0.0001] and treatment with less than 3 antihypertensive or with ≥ 3 drugs, not including a diuretic [OR=1.91; 95% CI 0.95-3.84, p<0.031]. These results are confirming the association of uncontrolled hypertension with a low level of education or income, are highlighting the efficiency of ≥ 3 drug associations including a diuretic and are launching the attention of the effects of arterial stiffness and SBP variability on BP levels under antihypertensive treatment.
Performance Evaluation of Domain-Specific Sentiment Dictionary Construction Methods for Opinion Mining

Sentiment dictionaries or lexicons are core elements for “bag-of-word” approaches of opinion mining or sentiment analysis. Rather than using general-purpose sentiment dictionaries, domain-specific sentiment lexicons can contribute to improve performance because they can reflect domain specific terms and meanings. This paper presents four domain-specific sentiment dictionary construction methods for opinion mining, and describes performance evaluation results using a practical data set. The comparison subjects of this research include SO-PMI (Semantic Orientation from Pointwise Mutual Information) and three term frequency-based methods with different term polarity measures. To evaluate the performance of four different methods, a movie review data set from a representative Internet movie community site, IMDb (Internet Movie Database) is collected using a web crawling program, and is analyzed using R programs. Based on training data set, domain specific sentiment dictionaries are constructed using four different methods, and are compared their performance of sentiment analysis. The experimental results show that domain-specific sentiment dictionaries are working better than general-purpose dictionaries except one genre, „animation‟. Also, term frequencybased approaches show better performance than SO-PMI.
Post resistance exercise hypotension on distinct types of somatotype characteristics

The aim of this study was to verify the post-exercise hypotension phenomenon on two distinct somatotype. For this purpose, twenty-four normotensive trained men (23.2 ± 2.91 years; 73.78 ± 4.53 kg; 177.16 ± 5.73 cm; 23.58 ± 2.18 kg/m2) were divided into two groups (mesomorph and ectomorph). All subjects performed two 10-repetition maximum load test sessions (test and retest) for a whole-body workout routine of resistance exercises. After the load tests, subjects performed sessions structured for 3 sets of each exercise with loads of 85% of 10-repetition maximum loads with 2-min of rest between sets of exercises. The two-way ANOVA showed the same reduction pattern (p = 0.001) in post-exercise systolic blood pressure for both groups. Additionally, a prolonged reduction was observed only on the systolic blood pressure of the mesomorph group following the 10-min (Δ = 13.41%; ESs = 2.08) up to 60-min post-exercise (Δ = 5.64%; ESs = 0.89). However, the same kinetics were not observed in the ectomorph group, the reduction was found only at the 10-min post-exercise time point (Δ = 5.55%; ESs = 1.12). On the other hand, no significant differences were found between groups for any diastolic blood pressure post-exercise time points. In conclusion, our data suggest that regardless the somatotype (mesomorph or ectomorph) a similar post-exercise hypotension phenomenon for systolic blood pressure was observed. However, it is important to highlight that those individuals classified as mesomorphs remained with a reduced systolic blood pressure about 60 minutes after performing exercise, which did not occurred in the ectomorph group.
Education, race and revealed attitudes towards homosexual couples

We examine the varying influence of the presence of homosexual couples on average home prices with different compositions of educational attainment and race. We find that a higher number of homosexuals in relatively higher educated areas is associated with higher average prices and lower average prices in areas with less educated residents. The magnitude of positive influence and negative influence is lower when the number of black residents increases. This suggests that education is associated with a greater revealed tolerance for homosexuals, but the influence of education is less for areas with a higher percent black, perhaps due to homophily.
Simulation And Analysis of 10 Gbps APD Receiver with Dispersion Compensation

In this paper, a scheme is suggested to improve the bit error rate. By increasing the length of fiber dispersion increase. To reduce dispersion, different compensation techniques are used. In this paper, APD receiver is used. There are three things to compensate dispersion such as Dispersion Compensation Fiber, Fiber Bragg Gratings and Phase Conjugator. By using Dispersion Compensation Fiber there is improvement of BER using APD receiver. Analysis of bitrate V/s bit error rate.
PCR-SSCP AND SEQUENCING OF CXCR1 (IL8RA) GENE IN INDIAN WATER BUFFALO

Genetic markers associated with inflammatory responses could help in selecting the animals susceptible/tolerant to mastitis. The selective breeding assisted by these markers could help to reduce the huge economic losses that are posed by various forms of mastitis. Onepossible marker is CXCR1, a chemokine receptor that is required for neutrophil migration to infection site. Therefore the present study was planned to identify genetic polymorphism (if any)in CXCR1 gene and associate it with subclinical mastitis in Riverine buffalo of Northern India. For this,two hundred healthy lactating water buffalo were randomly chosenfrom the herds maintained by various farmers in Kapurthala District of Punjab, India.Blood and milk samples of selected buffaloes werecollected. Screening of the animals for sub clinical mastitis was done by SCC and CMT assays of milk samples.Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples by phenol chloroform method. The DNA of good quality was used for further analysis. PCR-SSCP was used to explore the polymorphism in 311 bp fragment of partial exon2 of CXCR1 gene. The 311 bp fragment of CXCR1 gene was found to be monomorphic in all the DNA samples screened of Indian water buffalo. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(2): 228-232
Swine farm infestation with Culicoides species (biting midges) in Zaria, Nigeria

Collection of biting midges within a piggery farm using black-light suction traps revealed the presence of diverse species of Culicoides . Out of a total of one thousand four hundred and five (1,405) midges caught, one thousand three hundred and sixty-six (1,366) were identified as species in the genus Culicoides while the remaining thirty-nine (39) were unidentified members in the family Ceratopogonidae. The identified Culicoides were further classified into eight species based on their morphological characteristics as C. imicola , C. pycnostictus , C. oxystoma , C. milnei , C. subschultzei , C. enderleini , C. nevilli and C. krameri . There was dominance of females (93.67%) over the males (6.33 %) from the total collection. The presence of Culicoides species infesting pigs was established and the identified Culicoides species were incriminated to be mammophilic in feeding. Recommendation is made to determine the blood meal source and possibility of disease transmission. Keywords: Culicoides species, Ceratopogonidae, Light-trap, Nigeria, Piggery, Zaria
Response of Different Agrobacterium Rhizogenes Strains for in vitro Hairy Root Induction and Accumulation of Rosmarinic Acid Production in Agastache Rugosa

In this study a total of seven different Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains were evaluated for their ability to transform the plant Agastache rugosa and to produce the secondary metabolite rosmarinic acid. All the strains of A. rhizogenes i.e., 13333, 15834, A4, LBA9402, R1000, R1200 and R1601 strains tested here in this study, were able to induce hairy root formation in leaf tissue explants. The strain A4had the highest rate of infection (94.1±8.3%) and the strain R1000 had the lowest rate (88.6±6.9%). The highest frequency of hairy roots per explant (13.6±1.4) was found for strain R1601 and the tallest root length (20.4±1.7 mm) was found for strain 13333. We also evaluated dry weight and level of rosmarinic acid in the hairy roots and found that the highest growth (310.1±14.6 mg/flask) was occurred after infection with strain R1200, while the highest production of rosmarinic acid (68.2±3.8 mg/g dry weight) was noted using strain 13333. Our study showed that A. rhizogenes strain 13333 was the most effective of the 7 tested strains for production of transformed root cultures as well as rosmarinic acid in the hairy roots.
Approaches to monitoring changes in carbon stocks for REDD+

Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation plus improving forest-management (REDD+) is a mechanism to facilitate tropical countries’ participation in climate change mitigation. In this review we focus on the current state of monitoring systems to support implementing REDD+. The main elements of current monitoring systems – Landsat satellites and traditional forest inventories – will continue to be the backbone of many forest-monitoring systems around the world, but new remote-sensing and analytical approaches are addressing monitoring problems specific to the tropics and implementing REDD+. There is increasing recognition of the utility of combining remote sensing with field data using models that integrate information from many sources, which will continue to evolve as new sensors are deployed and as the availability of field data increases.
Temporal Variation of Ecosystem Scale Methane Emission From a Boreal Fen in Relation to Temperature, Water Table Position, and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes

We have analyzed decade‐long methane flux data set from a boreal fen, Siikaneva, together with data on environmental parameters and carbon dioxide exchange. The methane flux showed seasonal cycle but no systematic diel cycle. The highest fluxes were observed in July–August with average value of 73 nmol m−2 s−1. Wintertime fluxes were small but positive, with January–March average of 6.7 nmol m−2 s−1. Daily average methane emission correlated best with peat temperatures at 20–35 cm depths. The second highest correlation was with gross primary production (GPP). The best correspondence between emission algorithm and measured fluxes was found for a variable‐slope generalized linear model (r2 = 0.89) with peat temperature at 35 cm depth and GPP as explanatory variables, slopes varying between years. The homogeneity of slope approach indicated that seasonal variation explained 79% of the sum of squares variation of daily average methane emission, the interannual variation in explanatory factors 7.0%, functional change 5.3%, and random variation 9.1%. Significant correlation between interannual variability of growing season methane emission and that of GPP indicates that on interannual time scales GPP controls methane emission variability, crucially for development of process‐based methane emission models. Annual methane emission ranged from 6.0 to 14 gC m−2 and was 2.7 ± 0.4% of annual GPP. Over 10‐year period methane emission was 18% of net ecosystem exchange as carbon. The weak relation of methane emission to water table position indicates that space‐to‐time analogy, used to extrapolate spatial chamber data in time, may not be applicable in seasonal time scales.
FORMATION OF THE GALACTIC MILLISECOND PULSAR TRIPLE SYSTEM PSR J0337+1715—A NEUTRON STAR WITH TWO ORBITING WHITE DWARFS

The millisecond pulsar in a triple system (PSR J0337+1715, recently discovered by Ransom et al.) is an unusual neutron star with two orbiting white dwarfs. The existence of such a system in the Galactic field poses new challenges to stellar astrophysics for understanding evolution, interactions, and mass transfer in close multiple stellar systems. In addition, this system provides the first precise confirmation for a very wide-orbit system of the white dwarf mass–orbital period relation. Here, we present a self-consistent, semi-analytical solution to the formation of PSR J0337+1715. Our model constrains the peculiar velocity of the system to be less than 160 km s−1 and brings novel insight to, for example, common envelope evolution in a triple system, for which we find evidence for in-spiral of both outer stars. Finally, we briefly discuss our scenario in relation to alternative models.