Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonality of the Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus borealis in Northern Korea, with Refutation of Previous Assumptions of Korean Breeding

Standard reviews list Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus borealis as a probable breeder in northern Korea, as well as passage migrant; the most recent states that spring passage begins c. 10 April and finishes within May. Near-daily structured counts in north-central Korea (Pyongyang and Hyangsan) during 2000–2003 showed, by contrast, that regular spring passage runs from early-mid May into early June, and that autumn return begins in early August, dates reflecting modern data from elsewhere in East Asia. Specific searches in the Myohyang Mountains, site of most postulated ‘breeding’ records, found no evidence of summer residency, let alone breeding. Korean breeding was assumed from records outside the then-perceived passage seasons, but these perceptions were flawed and, combined with misidentification, led to the unsupportable conclusions of breeding. In fact, a summer gap in acceptable past records spans almost the same dates as today's summer absence from Pyongyang and Hyangsan, both undoubtedly only passage sites. The species may yet be found to breed in northern Korea, but there is no evidence, even circumstantial, that it does so. Past assessments that regular passage begins in mid April were evidently in error, reflecting past difficulties of species identification.
SOIL CHARACTERISTICS, MINERAL NUTRIENTS, BIOMASS, AND CARDENOLIDE PRODUCTION IN DIGITALIS OBSCURA WILD POPULATIONS

ABSTRACT Mature leaves of wild-growing Digitalis obscura plants and soil samples were collected in four different regions. Soil and leaf mineral nutrient contents as well as biomass and cardenolide productions were determined. The soils in the four collection sites, basic and highly calcareous, showed significant interpopulation differences in phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). Foliar mineral nutrients and cardenolides also varied among populations. Highest cardenolide yield was found in those Digitalis populations presenting a better development. The cardenolide content exhibited significant negative correlations with the levels of P in plants and those of Cu in soils, suggesting that these elements may affect cardenolide biosynthesis.
MOLECULAR AFFINITY OF SOMALI AND EGYPTIAN MASTIGURES AMONG THE AFRO-ARABIAN UROMASTYX -

Mitochondrial DNA of approximately 1040 bp from 16S rRNA and cytochrome b genes were amplified and sequenced from 11 taxa belonging to 9 Uromastyx species. These species were U. hardwickii from India, U. macfadyeni from Somali, U. dispar from Sudan, U. acanthinura from Morocco, U. geyri from Mali, U. aegyptia from Egypt and Arabia, U. benti from Yemen, U. ocellata from Egypt and Sudan and U. ornata from Sinai and Arabia. Nucleotides from these genes were used in combination with 1700 aligned sites from the mitochondrial DNA segment located between NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) to cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) genes -that was previously sequenced for the same taxa to- test the phylogenetic position of U. aegyptia and U. macfadyeni. Different tree building methods were used and only single tree was given in which the positions of both Uromastyx taxa were identical to those produced by the previous molecular data but with stronger statistical supports. U. aegyptia was clustered within the Arabian clade and U. macfadyeni was clustered within the African clade.
Annual Survival of Double-Crested Cormorants from the Great Lakes, 1979–2006

Abstract. Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) populations have rapidly increased in the Great Lakes and in wintering areas in the southeast USA since the mid-1970s, resulting in conflicts with humans. To increase understanding of their population biology, band-recovery models were used to estimate temporal trends in hatch year (HY), second year (SY), and after second year (ASY) survival of cormorants banded in the Great Lakes from 1979 to 2006. SY and ASY annual survival varied among years with no apparent trend. HY annual survival exhibited a negative log-linear trend. Lack of clear temporal patterns in SY and ASY survival suggested that increases in cormorant abundance subsequent to 1979 did not impact survival in these age-classes, whereas HY annual survival declined as abundance increased. In addition, issuance of depredation orders in 1998 and 2003 appeared to have a small negative effect on HY survival, but no clear effect on SY and ASY annual survival. The percentage of band returns reported from cormorant control operations generally increased over time, and greatly during the depredation orders. Mean ± SE annual survival from 1979 to 2006 was 0.446 ± 0.022 for HY, 0.835 ± 0.026 for SY, and 0.884 ± 0.020 for ASY individuals. Although increases in cormorant abundance did not appear to be related to increases in annual survival, the relatively high average annual survival rate of ASY cormorants may have been responsible for rapid population growth in the 1980s and 1990s in the Great Lakes.
Differential Regulation of Epithelial and Mesenchymal Markers by δEF1 Proteins in Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Induced by TGF-β

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial event in cancer progression and embryonic development, is induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in mouse mammary NMuMG epithelial cells. Id proteins have previously been reported to inhibit major features of TGF-β–induced EMT. In this study, we show that expression of the δEF1 family proteins, δEF1 (ZEB1) and SIP1, is gradually increased by TGF-β with expression profiles reciprocal to that of E-cadherin. SIP1 and δEF1 each dramatically down-regulated the transcription of E-cadherin in NMuMG cells through direct binding to the E-cadherin promoter. Silencing of the expression of both SIP1 and δEF1, but not either alone, completely abolished TGF-β–induced E-cadherin repression. However, expression of mesenchymal markers, including fibronectin, N-cadherin, and vimentin, was not affected by knockdown of SIP1 and δEF1. TGF-β–induced the expression of Ets1, which in turn activated δEF1 promoter activity. Moreover, up-regulation of SIP1 and δEF1 expression by TGF-β was suppressed by knockdown of Ets1 expression. In addition, Id2 suppressed the TGF-β– and Ets1-induced up-regulation of δEF1. Taken together, these findings suggest that the δEF1 family proteins, SIP1 and δEF1, are necessary, but not sufficient, for TGF-β–induced EMT and that Ets1 induced by TGF-β may function as an upstream transcriptional regulator of SIP1 and δEF1.
WORONIN BODIES IN PENICILLIUM JANCZEWSKII ZALESKI

Penicillium janczewskii Zaleski is an efficient microorganism for the production of extracellular inulinases and grows rapidly on medium containing sucrose or inulin as carbon source. Maintenance of this filamentous fungus on inulin medium induces secretion of large amounts of inulinases, but the resulting mycelium has thinner cell walls that easily collapse and break. Woronin bodies in hyphae of P. janczewskii grown on sucrose and inulin substrates were observed. No significant differences in the number, location, size and shape of Woronin bodies and level of plugging were observed in cultures of the fungus grown on the two carbon sources. The data indicate that the presence of Woronin bodies in P. janczewskii could not be associated with more easily damaged hyphae, although the function of these organelles in pore plugging has been confirmed.
Seasonal Trends in Carbon Assimilation, Stomatal Conductance, Pre-dawn Leaf Water Potential and Growth in Terminalia ferdinandiana, a Deciduous Tree of Northern Australian Savannas

Seasonal trends in pre-dawn leaf water potential and morning and afternoon rates of light-saturated assimilation and stomatal conductance were studied in saplings of the deciduous tree Terminalia ferdinandiana Excell. Mean daily maximum assimilation rates ranged from 11 µmol m-2 s-1 in the wet season to 8 µmol m-2 s-1 during the transition from the wet to the dry season. Saplings were without leaves from June to October inclusive (dry season). There was a log–linear relationship between stomatal conductance and pre-dawn leaf water potential (r = 0.76, n = 325), and a weak linear relationship between daily maximum assimilation and pre-dawn leaf water potential (r = 0.39, n = 184). Assimilation rates were higher in the morning than in the afternoon in April and May, but were similar throughout the day from December to March. Seasonal trends in assimilation could be attributed primarily to stomatal closure, but diurnal differences could not. High leaf temperatures may have been responsible for observed lower assimilation rates in the afternoon in April and May. Assimilation and stomatal conductance decreased when leaf temperatures rose above 38˚C and/or the leaf-to-air vapour pressure difference exceeded 4–4.5 kPa. Pre-dawn leaf water potentials decreased more quickly, and stomatal conductance was more sensitive to this decrease, in T. ferdinandiana saplings than in saplings of Eucalyptus tetrodonta F.Muell. a co-occurring evergreen tree. Specific leaf area and assimilation per unit dry weight were higher in T. ferdinandiana than in E. tetrodonta which is consistent with other studies of costs and benefits of deciduousness.
Current Challenges and Opportunities for Better Integration of Human Factors Research with Development of Clinical Information Systems

Summary Objectives Clinical information system (CIS) developers and implementers have begun to look to other scientific disciplines for new methods, tools, and techniques to help them better understand clinicians and their organizational structures, clinical work environments, capabilities of clinical information and communications technology, and the way these structures and processes interact. The goal of this article is to help CIS researchers, developers, implementers, and evaluators better understand the methods, tools, techniques, and literature of the field of human factors. Methods We developed a framework that explains how six key human factors topics relate to the design, implementation, and evaluation of CISs. Results Using this framework we discuss the following six topics: 1) informatics and patient safety; 2) user interface design and evaluation; 3) workflow and task analysis; 4) clinical decision making and decision support; 5) distributed cognition; and 6) mental workload and situation awareness. Conclusions Integrating the methods, tools, and lessons learned from each of these six areas of human factors research early in CIS design and incorporating them iteratively during development can improve user performance, user satisfaction, and integration into clinical workflow. Ultimately, this approach will improve clinical information systems and healthcare delivery.
Additions to the marine alien fauna of Greek waters (2007 update)

The list of marine alien fauna in Greek waters is updated taking into account new findings (published and unpublished data). According to the present work, the number of species increases from 102 to 110. Of the eight new records, five are zoobenthic species, two zooplanktonic and another one a teleost fish. Moreover, records referring to the expansion range of aliens from an established stand to new areas are also presented, pointing out the species that could be considered as possible invaders to local communities.
Identification of silverleaf whitefly resistance in pepper

Whitefly is economically one of the most threatening pests of pepper worldwide, which is mainly caused by its ability to transmit many different viruses. In this research, we characterized pepper germplasm to identify whitefly-resistant accessions that will form the basis for future resistance breeding. Forty-four pepper accessions representing four species (Capsicum annuum, C. frutescens, C. chinense, C. baccatum) were screened for resistance to whiteflies. Screening parameters were adult survival (AS) and oviposition rate (OR) in a no-choice test and whitefly, egg and nymphal density in free-choice tests. To combine parameters in free-choice tests, a plant resistance value was calculated. The results show that AS and OR were significantly different among accessions and were positively correlated, which was also the case for the parameters in the free-choice tests. Accessions identified as highly resistant in no-choice and free-choice tests generally were C. annuum. Whitefly density and OR correlated positively with trichome density and negatively with cuticle thickness of leaves.
Methanogenic pathway, 13C isotope fractionation, and archaeal community composition in the sediment of two clear‐water lakes of Amazonia

We studied the methanogenic pathway and archaeal community composition in the sediment of two clearwater lakes, Lake Batata and Lake Mussura, in Amazonia. We measured CH4 production and δ13C of CO2, CH4, and acetate‐methyl in the presence and absence of CH3F, an inhibitor of acetotrophic methanogenesis. The fractionation factor of methanogenesis from CO2 was rather high in both lake sediments, which was consistent with the low concentrations of H2 and the small negative Gibbs free energy of hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. The δ13C of acetate‐methyl was relatively low compared to that of organic matter and decreased further upon inhibition of acetate consumption by CH3F. Collectively, the data possibly suggest involvement of syntrophic acetate oxidation besides acetotrophic methanogenesis. The isotopic data were used to calculate the percent contribution of CO2 reduction to total methanogenesis, which was rather high (approximately 53–63%). Copy numbers of bacterial and archaeal 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) genes were about 10‐fold higher in Lake Mussura than in Lake Batata, indicating that microbial numbers were not a limiting factor for production rates of CH4, which were similar in both lake sediments. The composition of the archaeal community was analyzed by cloning and sequencing of the genes coding for 16S rRNA and methyl coenzyme M reductase (mcrA), demonstrating the presence of acetotrophic Methanosaetaceae and different hydrogenotrophic methanogenic orders (Methanomicrobiales, Methanobacteriales, Methanocellales) in both lake sediments. Although methanogenic communities and pathways were principally comparable to those found in lake sediments of the midlatitudes, there were several particularities, e.g., the possible involvement of syntrophic acetate oxidation.
VI.—A synopsis of the Cichlid Fishes of Lake Nyasa

THE Cichlid Fishes of Nyasa were revised in 1 9 g b y Regan (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1921), who increased the number of described species from 38 to 84. The British Museum (Natural History) is fortunate in possessing the types of all those species. Regan's revision was based on a collection made by Mr. Rodney C. Wood, from hauls brought in by native fishermen. Dr. Regan recognized that Mr. Wood's collection indicated the presence in the lake of a rich and varied Cichlid fauna, and he arranged for the late Dr. Cuthbert Christy to make a special expedition to the lake in 1925-26, which resulted in the very fine collection on which the present mvision is mainly based. In the Christy Collection the f@y Cichlida is represented by about 3500 specimens. Jh. Regan had already started work on it when I joined t h staff of the Natural History Museum in 1928, and he has kindly placed his notes at my disposal, as well as taking a ~ o n s t m t and helpful interest in my further work.
Evaluation of indigenous marine periphytic Amphora, Navicula and Cymbella grown on substrate as feed supplement in Penaeus monodon postlarval hatchery system

Three isolated marine diatoms (Amphora, Navicula and Cymbella) grown on substrate were evaluated as feed supplement for Penaeus monodon postlarvae (PL) in hatchery system for a period of 19 days without changing water. Specific growth rate (day)1) (0.27 ± 0.0) and survival (%) (56.3 ± 1.8) of PLs were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in treatment tanks when compared with the control (0.20 ± 0.0; 36.0 ± 1.5, respectively). Shrimp PLs reared in substrate-based tanks had significantly higher (P < 0.05) levels of protein, lipid (521.0 ± 7.0; 304.0 ± 2 g kg)1 dry weight, respectively), ecosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)(189.0 ± 2.0; 176.0 ± 2 g kg)1 of total fatty acid, respectively) than the control (435.0 ± 22.0; 258.0 ± 22 g kg)1 dry weight; 172.0 ± 5.0; 152 ± 2 g kg)1 total fatty acid, respectively). The periphytic diatoms contained protein and lipid (430–490; 230–260 g kg)1 dry weight, respectively), EPA (30–150 g kg)1 of total fatty acids), DHA (20–30 g kg)1 of total fatty acids) and nine essential amino acids. The results showed that isolated marine periphytic diatoms grown on substrate could be used as feed supplement in enhancing the growth and survival of P. monodon postlarvae.
The role of bank loans and deposits in the monetary transmission mechanism in Malaysia

This study attempts to determine the importance of the banking sector in the monetary transmission process in a developing economy. The study analyzes the Malaysian data focusing on three sample periods: the entire sample period (1989:01-2006:12); the pre-crisis period (1989:01-1996:12); and the post-crisis period (1999:01-2006:12). To achieve this objective, the study relies on two tests: fi rst, the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) model for the long-run relationship among the variables and second, the impulse response functions and variance decomposition analysis for the short-run relationship among the variables. The fi nding shows that both bank deposits and loans play crucial roles in the monetary transmission process in the economy, suggesting evidence for the money endogeneity theory of post-Keynesian economists. In particular, bank deposits and loans are shown to provide an important link from monetary policy to output. This underscores the importance of ensuring the soundness of banking system as a pre-requisite to economic stability in the absence of such market based tools as market-based actions on exchange rate or interest rates as monetary stabilisation tools.
Features of public service motivation: theoretical and practical dimension

ve difference in the health, safety and well-being of individuals, groups and communities. For example, fire-fighters and medics save lives, police officers protect the public, public defenders safeguard the constitutional rights of citizens, military protects the state from the attacker, lifeguards promote the safety of swimmers and etc. Therefore, individuals, groups or communities that receive some benefit from the public sector, are partly dependent on motivated employees, on how effectively and qualitatively they perform their duties. The general theme of motivation was analyzed by various scientists and practicians. As Palidauskaitė (2007a) notes, this problem was treated by such theorists of management like Taylor, Maslow, Herzberg, Adams and et al. In different countries many investigations, by which there were formulated the fundamental motivation theories, were carried out in the private sector, while the subject of public service motivation was initiated to analyze relatively later. The interest in PSM continues to grow in Lithuania. The increasing number of Lithuanian scientific publications, which were written by Palidauskaitė (2007, 2008), Marcinkevičiūtė (2005, 2006) and others, and carried out studies of motivation of civil servants reveal this fact. However, there is not plenty of Lithuanian scientific literature that analyzes the theme of PSM. Moreover, the analysis of foreign authors’ scientific papers reveals that the question of Lithuanian PSM does not fall into field of their research in the meantime. Vandenabeele, Hondeghem (2005) in their study Values and motivation in public administration: public service motivations in an international comparative perspective compare the US, France and the Netherlands by dimensions of PSM distinguished according to Perry (1990; 1996). Norris (2004) in the article Still a public service ethos? Work values, experience, and job satisfaction among government workers analyzes various motivational values of public servants in various countries, but Lithuania is not included among them. It is important to note that idealistic and altruistic motives of people are usually treated as the basis Abstract An essential attention is paid to public service motivation (PSM) in an article. Processes of public administration modernization, more increased requirements to public service induced a more considerable academic discourse on this topic. An avail of motivation is certain. It helps to increase the productivity, efficiency and quality of public sector and to stimulate the commitment of work of public servants too. According to methods of qualitative information compilation and scientific studies generalization, the paper explores the importance of public service motivation, its development, highlights the PSM concept. In comparison with other European countries, there are also emphasized the features of Lithuanian public servants motivation.
Integrated shrub management in semi-arid woodlands of eastern Australia: ground and aerial application of defoliant to shrubs regenerating after disturbance

This paper describes experiments undertaken at several sites in semi-arid woodlands of eastern Australia to determine if chemicals applied either on the ground or from the air reduce the density of shrubs regenerating after disturbance. Ground-spraying of Roundup® in the autumn was more effective than spring application in defoliating shrubs, especially 2-year-old coppice growth. Spraying of Roundup with a hand-held boom at 0.5 up to 2.5 kg glyphosate/ha identified rates to be used for boom spraying. Aerial spraying experiments were then undertaken across several sites and involved several target species. The location of sufficiently large areas where shrub regeneration was of an optimum age (i.e. about 2–3 years) proved to be extremely difficult due to prevailing drought conditions precluding the use of prescribed fire as a preliminary treatment. Nonetheless in one experiment, young (1-year-old) regrowth of firebush (Senna pleurocarpa) exhibited increased sensitivity to Roundup with significant shoot mortality recorded after it had been applied at 0.5 kg glyphosate/ha. Aerial spraying based on an ultra-low volume application of 10 L/ha further enhanced cost-effectiveness on this occasion. Economic analyses structured around 20-year partial budgeting and determination of net present value (NPV) suggested a profitable return could be expected where treatment was based on Roundup applied at this threshold rate 2 years after a prescribed fire, especially when the rehabilitation costs were spread over an entire paddock that had been only partially sprayed. Finally, operational aspects involving aerial spraying in these semi-arid woodlands are also discussed.
Mental Health and Interpersonal Conflict in the Aftermath of Genocide

Hundreds of thousands of Darfur people affected by the Sudanese genocide have fled to Cairo, Egypt, in search of assistance. Collaborating with Africa and Middle East Refugee Assistance (AMERA), the authors conducted a mental health care needs assessment among Darfur refugees in Cairo. Information was collected using individual and focus group interviews to identify gaps in mental health care and develop understandings of emotional and relationship problems. The refugee mental health care system has a piecemeal structure with gaps in outpatient services. There is moderate to severe emotional distress among many Darfur refugees, including symptoms of depression and trauma, and interpersonal conflict, both domestic violence and broader community conflict, elevated relative to pregenocide levels. Given the established relationships between symptoms of depression/traumatic stress and interpersonal violence, improving mental health is important for both preventing mental health decompensation and stemming future cycles of intra- and intergroup conflict.