Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Experiments toward NMT on E-commerce Product Titles

E-commerce products sales are dramatically rising around the world, so is selling e-commerce products abroad. However, to successfully sell e-commerce products abroad, overcoming the language barrier becomes one of the important steps. Therefore, machine translation could be a solution in translating a great amount of e-commerce products texts. Along with the development of neural machine translation (NMT) [1, 7, 9], the accuracy of machine translation has been increasing, especially in academia, which often uses data with controlled language. Although our goal is to explore the possibility of using NMT on e-commerce product titles, ecommerce products data are different from those used in academia. Below are the differences between Rakuten Ichiba Japanese-English parallel ecommerce product and academia-wise data: 1) Ecommerce product data were created by individual stores that have translated and registered text about their products. However, some Japanese sentences were translated using machine translation tools without any proofreading. This resulted in low-quality, noisy parallel data with mistranslated proper names and erroneous grammar which required transcreation. 2) The amount of created parallel data in Rakuten Ichiba is small in comparison to the existing Japanese monolingual e-commerce product data. 3) E-commerce product data are divided into many categories and each category has a different set of vocabulary. This kind of parallel data include a wide range of products, proper names, and descriptions which leads to the data sparseness problem with too many word types, especially in NMT. All of these factors adversely affect the performance of a NMT. We compare several Japanese-English corpora which are used in academia (NTCIR, ASPEC, Tanaka) to train NMT systems and Rakuten Ichiba parallel e-commerce product corpus (Rakuten), which is a concatenation of all available Rakuten Ichiba parallel data from different categories. Table 1 shows the ratio of the number of word types to the number of total tokens in the Japanese-English Table 1: Ratio for Japanese-English parallel corpora. Corpus # of sent Ratio for Ja Ratio for En NTCIR 1,169,201 0.002 0.005 ASPEC 3,008,500 0.004 0.011 Tanaka 148,835 0.018 0.016 Rakuten 1,228,207 0.023 0.025
Hardware-In-the-Loop Validation of Vehicle Control Loops

This work has been supported by TÜBİTAK 1003 project no. 115E097 and its subprojects no. 115E122 and 115E127. M. Ali Gözüküçük is the manager of 115E097 (main project). On the other hand, Aykut Kılıç and Hakan Temeltaş are respectively the manager and researcher of 115E122, while H. Fatih Uğurdağ and Waqas Hussain are respectively the manager and research assistant of 115E127. Hardware-In-the-Loop Validation of Vehicle Control Loops
Synthesis of Porous Materials and Their Microstructural Control through Ice Templating

Ice-templating is a simple, practical kind of template synthesis which consists of sol-gel polycondensation, unidirectional freezing of hydrosols or hydrogels, and pore-preserving drying method, such as freeze drying, thereby resulting in desirable porous materials. The unidirectional freezing may be achieved by either immersion freezing or contact freezing. Freeze-dried materials contain porous microstructures that are replicas of the ice crystals formed during the unidirectional freezing process. Two similar but slightly different applications of ice-templating will be investigated here. Fabrication of macroporous foam materials by unidirectional freezing of an aqueous suspension of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) dispersed by chitosan is a concrete example of functionalization of an electroconductive foam, which is a composite material made from a polymer and CNTs. As expected, their electroconductive properties can be controlled by the fabrication method and condition. Additional examples of porous materials synthesized by ice-templating are porous microfibers and microhoneycombs of silica, titania, silica-alumina, titania-silica, and even carbon. In the preparation, the morphology and porous structure can be controlled by the freezing conditions and synthesis conditions of the corresponding hydrogels, respectively.
Mining Tweets that refer to TV programs with Deep Neural Networks

The automatic analysis of expressions of opinion has been well studied in the opinion mining area, but a remaining problem is robustness for user-generated texts. Although consumer-generated texts are valuable since they contain a great number and wide variety of user evaluations, spelling inconsistency and the variety of expressions make analysis difficult. In order to tackle such situations, we applied a model that is reported to handle context in many natural language processing areas, to the problem of extracting references to the opinion target from text. Experiments on tweets that refer to television programs show that the model can extract such references with more than 90% accuracy.
Endothelium-Dependent Effects of Heat Shock on Vasomotor Tone: Role of eNOS and HSP70

Heat shock-mediated delayed protection against myocardial and cerebral ischemia has been attributed to induction of heat shock proteins (HSP), especially HSP70, in myocytes and neurons. However, heat shock preconditioning only induces HSP70 in endothelium. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of heat shock on endothelium-dependent vasomotor tone. Isolated mouse aortas were heated to 43.5oC for 15 min and returned to 37oC for 18 h. They were then mounted in a wire myograph to assess vasomotor responses to vasoconstrictors and vasodilatators. Intact heat shocked aortas showed reduction in phenylephrineor 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced vasoconstriction, while no difference in vascular reactivity was detected in heat shocked endothelium-denuded aortas. Reduced vasoconstriction in heat shocked aortas was restored to control level by incubation with L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, but not by geldanamycin, a HSP90 inhibitor. Furthermore, the effect of heat shock was not observed in aortas from eNOS null mice, suggesting that vasomotor responsiveness reduced by heat shock was related to increased basal eNOS activity. Immunoblot of lysates from heat shocked aortas did not show upregulation of eNOS or other NOS isoforms, while showing robust expression of HSP70; immunoprecipitation using eNOS polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies demonstrated HSP70 interaction with eNOS after heat shock. In enzymatic assay Tel 39-095-7384085, Fax 39-095-7384228, E-mail: salomone@unict.it Salvatore Salomone and Jean-Christophe Plumier 2 (conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline), HSP70 increased enzymatic activity of recombinant eNOS. We conclude that heat shock decreases vasomotor responses to vasoconstrictors by enhancing eNOS basal activity, through interaction with HSP70, that is robustly induced. Such an increase of eNOS might be related to protective effect of heat shock against ischemia reported in vivo. Finally, interaction between HSP70 and eNOS opens the intriguing possibility that HSP70 could have vasoregulatory properties in addition to its cytoprotective functions.
DEVELOPMENT OF CONTINUOUS CELL LYSIS AND SEPARATION DEVICE USING REPULSIVE FORCE GENERATED BY ION CONCENTRATION POLARIZATION

In this paper, we report a novel continuous cell lysis and separation device using the electrical repulsion in the depletion region formed by ion concentration polarization (ICP). In the depletion region, strong electrophoretic force is applied to charged materials due to the concentrated electric field. Using the strong electrophoretic force, we lysed cells and separated molecule dyes whose size range is order of 1 nm in the same device. Therefore, the developed multifunctional microfluidic chip is expected to be a very useful tool as an integrated system for analyzing biomolecules in cells such as DNAs and proteins.
MULTI-TRAIT QTL MAPPING USING A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL

Research on mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) often results in data on a number of traits that have well established causal relationships. Many multi-trait QTL mapping methods, taking into account the correlation among the multiple traits, have been developed to improve the statistical power of the test for QTL and the precision of parameter estimation. However none of these methods are capable of incorporating the causal structure among the traits with the consequence that genetic functions of the QTL may not be fully understood. Structural equation modeling (SEM) allows researchers to explicitly characterize the causal structure among the variables and to decompose the effects into direct, indirect, and total effects. In this paper, we developed a multi-trait SEM method of QTL mapping that takes into account the causal relationships among traits. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated by simulation study. Compared with single trait analysis and the multi-trait least-squares analysis, our proposed model (Multitrait SEM) provides important insight into how QTLs regulate traits by investigating the direct, indirect, and total QTL effects, which is generally not possible with other methods. The approach also helps with building models that more realistically reflect complex relationships among QTL and traits, and is more precise and efficient in QTL mapping than single trait analysis.
On the solution of the problem of a drop falling against a plane by using a level set – Moving mesh – Immersed boundary method

A coupled Conservative Level Set – Moving Mesh – Immersed Boundary method is formulated and validated against the three-dimensional gravity-driven falling drop problem. First, by employing Conservative Level-Set (CLS) method, the multiphase domain can be successfully handled, while the mass conservation is controlled. Then, by using an Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation (i.e. a moving mesh), the simulation domain can be optimized by reducing the domain size and by allowing an improved mesh, resulting in a computational resources saving. Finally, the use of an Immersed Boundary (IB) method allows to deal with intricate geometries. All these functionalities result in a versatile and robustness method to simulate bubbles/drops problems in complex geometries. The mentioned method was successfully used to thoroughly study the falling of a drop against a plane surface, providing detailed results including velocity evolution, mesh independence study, evolution of the vertical position of the drop, streamlines and vorticity fields, and profiles evolution.
Do National Parks reduce deforestation? The effectiveness of the Lore-Lindu National Park in Indonesia

An increasingly popular way to protect the integrity of forests is to establish protected areas such as national parks. Measuring their effect on deforestation has turned out to be methodological challenging. Recent studies on the effectiveness of protected areas (PAs) have been based on a comparison of deforestation rates of areas inside and outside of PAs using satellite data. Such approaches are, however, in danger to yield biased estimates because of spatial spill-over and because areas outside and inside might differ in many characteristics, which in turn influence also deforestation. In order to get unbiased estimates of the effect of protection we applied a propensity score matching (PSM) approach. Taking the case of the Lore-Lindu National Park, a biodiversity hotspot on the island of Sulawesi, Indonesia, we find spill-over effects and systematic differences between the areas inside and outside of the park, which justify the use of PSM. The results after matching suggest that the establishment of the park reduced deforestation by 9.4 and 9.2 percentage points, depending on the set of covariates used. This effect is even greater than the unmatched difference in deforestation rates for regions inside and outside the park and we can conclude that the LLNP seems to actively protect against deforestation. Moreover, the results after matching are pretty robust to changes in the control area used and hence they are less affected by spatial spill-over effects. Overall, PSM seems to provide a suitable methodology to address the bias in the analysis of the effectiveness of PAs. The results of the analysis are discussed from a methodological point of view and they are used to draw policy conclusions with respect to biodiversity conservation. Table of contents
Characterization and Expression Analysis of Myogenin Gene in WhiteMuscle of Chinese Mandarin Fish, Siniperca chuatsi

Myogenin plays a crucial role in myoblast differentiation and maturation. In the present study, the myogenin gene structure and expressional patterns in Siniperca chuatsi were characterized. Sequence analysis indicated that the myogenin shared a similar structure and the conserved bHLH domain with other vertebrate myogenin genes. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that Siniperca chuatsi myogenin shared homologous with Epinephelus coioides, Sparus aurata, Takifugu rubripes and Salmo salar. Whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed that myogenin expression was first detected in the gastrula stage embryos and high levels of expression at the 24 somite stage. After the 24 somite stage, myogenin expression began to decrease in the anterior somites where somatic cells were differentiated. Further, the muscle structural gene, MyHC, and myogenin, are concomitantly expressed during S. chuatsi embryonic development as assayed with whole-mount in situ hybridization. In the adult fish, the myogenin showed the highest levels of expression in the brain compared with the kidney, spleen, liver, heart and white muscles. Our work on the myogenin gene from the mandarin fish has provided useful information for fish molecular biology and fish genomics.
Price and Non-Price Influences on Water Conservation: An Econometric Model of Aggregate Demand under Nonlinear Budget Constraint

eScholarship provides open access, scholarly publishing services to the University of California and delivers a dynamic research platform to scholars worldwide. Abstract: This paper develops a model of residential water demand under a nonlinear budget constraint. The theoretical model for an individual consumer is adapted to yield an aggregate model that preserves the structure of the individual demand function, and that can be used with aggregate (water district level) data. The model is used to study the influence of pricing and non-price conservation programs on consumption and conservation behavior in three water districts in the San Francisco Bay Area, over a 10-year period that includes both drought and normal years. Empirical results show that pricing can be effective in reducing water consumption, particularly during the annual dry season, and during longer drought episodes. The effect is mitigated when non-price conservation programs are included in the analysis. Among these, use restrictions and landscaping audits appear to be particularly effective in inducing conservation. Abstract This paper develops a model of residential water demand under a nonlinear budget constraint. The theoretical model for an individual consumer is adapted to yield an aggregate model that preserves the structure of the individual demand function, and that can be used with aggregate (water district level) data. The model is used to study the influence of pricing and non-price conservation programs on consumption and conservation behavior in three water districts in the San Francisco Bay Area, over a 10-year period that includes both drought and normal years. Empirical results show that pricing can be effective in reducing water consumption, particularly during the annual dry season, and during longer drought episodes. The effect is mitigated when non-price conservation programs are included in the analysis. Among these, use restrictions and landscaping audits appear to be particularly effective in inducing conservation.
An Application of Quadratic Functions to Australian Government Policy on Funding Schools

The application of mathematics to the issue of offering subsides to private school pupils is presented. There are two conflicting factors. On the one hand, the greater the subsidy per pupil, the more pupils will enrol in private schools. On the other hand, the greater the subsidy per pupil the less money will be saved each time a pupil enrols in a private school. How do these factors balance out, and where would an optimal subsidy occur? The problem is closely related to other problems of optimisation that arise in business, industry and public policy. Mathematically, the problem can be modelled by means of a quadratic function that describes how the savings change as the subsidy changes.
Financial Deregulations, Conflict of Interest and Banking Crisis in Japan: A Decision-theoretic-GARCH Approach to Analyze the Management Behavior

This paper proposes an empirical model framework to analyze the management behavior that is crucial at the outset of financial deregulations and/or crisis. In a learning model setting, the proposed framework shows that management efficiency is a function of conditional hateroschedasticity of profitability (productivity), and it can be estimated by the GARCH model of Bollerslev (1986). Application of the GARCH model in analyzing management behavior enables to consider information theory explicitly, and it has been found effective in explaining causality of the Japanese banking crisis. Moreover, the paper also shows how to explain the sources of variations in the behavior of the bank management.
Nonlinear Light-Matter Interactions in Metamaterials

Metamaterials possess extraordinary linear optical properties never observed in natural materials such as a negative refractive index, enabling exciting applications such as super resolution imaging and cloaking. In this thesis, we explore the equally extraordinary nonlinear properties of metamaterials. Nonlinear optics, the study of light-matter interactions where the optical fields are strong enough to change material properties, has fundamental importance to physics, chemistry, and material science as a non-destructive probe of material properties and has important technological applications such as entangled photon generation and frequency conversion. Due to their ability to manipulate both linear and nonlinear light matter interactions through sub-wavelength structuring, metamaterials are a promising direction for both fundamental and applied nonlinear optics research.We perform the first experiments on nonlinear propagation in bulk zero and negative index optical metamaterials and demonstrate that a zero index material can phase match four wave mixing processes in ways not possible in finite index materials. In addition, we demonstrate the ability of nonlinear scattering theory to describe the geometry dependence of second and third harmonic generation in plasmonic nanostructures. As an application of nonlinear metamaterials, we propose a phase matching technique called resonant phase matching to increase the gain and bandwidth of Josephson junction traveling wave parametric amplifers. With collaborators, we demonstrate a best in class amplifier for superconducting qubit readout - over 20 dB gain with near quantum limited noise performance with a bandwidth and dynamic range an order of magnitude larger than alternative devices. In conclusion, we have demonstrated several ways in which nonlinear metamaterials surpass their natural counterparts. We look forward to the future of the field where nonlinear and quantum metamaterials will enable further new physics and new applications.
Evaluation of isoprene photooxidation using smog chamber data and chemical mechanisms

Chemical mechanisms are used in air quality models to simulate chemical reactions occurring in the atmosphere. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), emitted from both anthropogenic and biogenic sources, may form photochemical smog as well as forming or partitioning onto existing organic aerosols. The chemical mechanisms used to simulate these processes are being constantly updated as new information becomes available such as reaction rate or reaction product yields. These mechanisms also need to be validated against experimental data to ensure that the mechanisms are able to accurately simulate important atmospheric events. We evaluate the ability of two different chemical mechanisms to simulate the formation and reaction of smog-producing species from isoprene. Isoprene is of particular importance as it is the most abundant nonmethane hydrocarbon emitted into the atmosphere. Experiments were conducted using various initial conditions with isoprene and NOx (nitrogen oxides) in the CSIRO environmental chamber. Two chemical mechanisms were evaluated, the SAPRC mechanism (SAPRC-99) and the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCMv3.1). Both chemical mechanisms were able to predict the oxidation of isoprene and the formation of ozone accurately during the initial stages of the experiments. Other important organic species such as formaldehyde, methacrolein, methyl vinyl ketone and peroxyacetyl nitrate were observed. However the final Δ(O3-NO) concentration was under-predicted by 15% by both mechanisms. Possible reasons for the underprediction in final ozone by the chemical mechanisms were investigated, and high peroxy acyl nitrate formation was determined to be the most likely reason for this under-prediction.
‘The Hamburger Connection’ and Deforestation in Less Developed Countries: A Test of Ecologically Unequal Exchange Theory

AUSTIN, KELLY F. ‘The Hamburger Connection’ and Deforestation in Less Developed Countries: A Test of Ecologically Unequal Exchange Theory. (Under the direction of Dr. Andrew Jorgenson.) This study explores Norman Myers’s concept of the ‘hamburger connection’ as a form of ecologically unequal exchange, where more-developed nations are able to misappropriate the environmental costs of beef consumption to less-developed nations. OLS (ordinary least squares) regression is used to test if deforestation in less-developed nations is associated with the vertical flow of beef to more-developed nations. An interaction term is also used to test if this relationship is more pronounced for Latin American nations, as posited by Myers. The sample includes all non-desert, less-developed nations for which there is available data across all indicators and for either measure of deforestation, total forest change or natural forest change. Overall, the results confirm the tested hypotheses. The findings also provide unique contextual support for ecologically unequal exchange theory by analyzing the environmental impacts of export flows for a specific commodity
Intrinsic Thermal Instability of Methylammonium Lead Trihalide Perovskite

Organolead halide perovskites currently are the new front‐runners as light absorbers in hybrid solar cells, as they combine efficiencies passing already 20% with deposition temperatures below 100 °C and cheap solution‐based fabrication routes. Long‐term stability remains a major obstacle for application on an industrial scale. Here, it is demonstrated that significant decomposition effects already occur during annealing of a methylammonium lead triiode perovskite at 85 °C even in inert atmosphere thus violating international standards. The observed behavior supports the view of currently used perovskite materials as soft matter systems with low formation energies, thus representing a major bottleneck for their application, especially in countries with high average temperatures. This result can trigger a broader search for new perovskite families with improved thermal stability.