Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epidural electrical stimulation of the cervical spinal cord opposes opioid‐induced respiratory depression

Opioid overdose suppresses brainstem respiratory circuits, causes apnoea and may result in death. Epidural electrical stimulation (EES) at the cervical spinal cord facilitated motor activity in rodents and humans, and we hypothesized that EES of the cervical spinal cord could antagonize opioid‐induced respiratory depression in humans. Eighteen patients requiring surgical access to the dorsal surface of the spinal cord between C2 and C7 received EES or sham stimulation for up to 90 s at 5 or 30 Hz during complete (OFF‐State) or partial suppression (ON‐State) of respiration induced by remifentanil. During the ON‐State, 30 Hz EES at C4 and 5 Hz EES at C3/4 increased tidal volume and decreased the end‐tidal carbon dioxide level compared to pre‐stimulation control levels. EES of 5 Hz at C5 and C7 increased respiratory frequency compared to pre‐stimulation control levels. In the OFF‐State, 30 Hz cervical EES at C3/4 terminated apnoea and induced rhythmic breathing. In cadaveric tissue obtained from a brain bank, more neurons expressed both the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) and somatostatin (SST) in the cervical spinal levels responsive to EES (C3/4, C6 and C7) compared to a region non‐responsive to EES (C2). Thus, the capacity of cervical EES to oppose opioid depression of respiration may be mediated by NK1R+/SST+ neurons in the dorsal cervical spinal cord. This study provides proof of principle that cervical EES may provide a novel therapeutic approach to augment respiratory activity when the neural function of the central respiratory circuits is compromised by opioids or other pathological conditions.
Effectiveness of Heterologous Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine Booster Dosing in Brazilian Healthcare Workers, 2021

Abstract Background Little is currently known about vaccine effectiveness (VE) for either 2 doses of Oxford-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1) viral vector vaccine or CoronaVac (Instituto Butantan) inactivated viral vaccine followed by a third dose of mRNA vaccine (Pfizer/BioNTech) among healthcare workers (HCWs). Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study among HCWs (aged ≥18 years) working in a private healthcare system in Brazil from January to December 2021. VE was defined as 1 – incidence rate ratio (IRR), with IRR determined using Poisson models with the occurrence of laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection as the outcome, adjusting for age, sex, and job type. We compared those receiving viral vector or inactivated viral primary series (2 doses) with those who received an mRNA booster. Results A total of 11 427 HCWs met the inclusion criteria. COVID-19 was confirmed in 31.5% of HCWs receiving 2 doses of CoronaVac vaccine versus 0.9% of HCWs receiving 2 doses of CoronaVac vaccine with mRNA booster (P < .001) and 9.8% of HCWs receiving 2 doses of ChAdOx1 vaccine versus 1% among HCWs receiving 2 doses of ChAdOx1 vaccine with mRNA booster (P < .001). In the adjusted analyses, the estimated VE was 92.0% for 2 CoronaVac vaccines plus mRNA booster and 60.2% for 2 ChAdOx1 vaccines plus mRNA booster, when compared with those with no mRNA booster. Of 246 samples screened for mutations, 191 (77.6%) were Delta variants. Conclusions While 2 doses of ChAdOx1 or CoronaVac vaccines prevent COVID-19, the addition of a Pfizer/BioNTech booster provided significantly more protection.
Characterization of the Spectrum of Activity of IPD079Ea: A Protein Derived From Ophioglossum pendulum (Ophioglossales: Ophioglossaceae) With Activity Against Western Corn Rootworm [Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)]

Abstract Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) is a major pest of corn in both North America and Europe and as such presents significant challenges for farmers. IPD079Ea protein is encoded by the ipd079Ea gene from Ophioglossum pendulum (a species of fern) and was found to have activity against western corn rootworm in multiple corn events transformed to express the IPD079Ea protein. In chronic laboratory hazard studies, IPD079Ea protein was fed to eleven species in the order Coleoptera and four species in the order Lepidoptera to assess the spectrum of activity. Activity was observed on certain species of the Chrysomelidae and Coccinellidae families, with western corn rootworm as the most sensitive insect tested. No adverse effects on mortality or other sublethal endpoints were observed on any species within Lepidoptera. Overall, IPD079Ea protein appears not to have broad insecticidal properties and has potential value as an effective trait to control western corn rootworm in agricultural systems.
Subtype-specific responses of hKv7.4 and hKv7.5 channels to polyunsaturated fatty acids reveal an unconventional modulatory site and mechanism

The KV7.4 and KV7.5 subtypes of voltage-gated potassium channels play a role in important physiological processes such as sound amplification in the cochlea and adjusting vascular smooth muscle tone. Therefore, the mechanisms that regulate KV7.4 and KV7.5 channel function are of interest. Here, we study the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on human KV7.4 and KV7.5 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. We report that PUFAs facilitate activation of hKV7.5 by shifting the V50 of the conductance versus voltage (G(V)) curve toward more negative voltages. This response depends on the head group charge, as an uncharged PUFA analogue has no effect and a positively charged PUFA analogue induces positive V50 shifts. In contrast, PUFAs inhibit activation of hKV7.4 by shifting V50 toward more positive voltages. No effect on V50 of hKV7.4 is observed by an uncharged or a positively charged PUFA analogue. Thus, the hKV7.5 channel’s response to PUFAs is analogous to the one previously observed in hKV7.1–7.3 channels, whereas the hKV7.4 channel response is opposite, revealing subtype-specific responses to PUFAs. We identify a unique inner PUFA interaction site in the voltage-sensing domain of hKV7.4 underlying the PUFA response, revealing an unconventional mechanism of modulation of hKV7.4 by PUFAs.
Accumulation of Salient Perceptual Events Predicts Human Subjective Time

Human experience of time exhibits systematic, context-dependent deviations from objective clock time. For example, time is experienced differently at work than on holiday. The cognitive and neural bases of how time perception interacts with the content of experience remain unclear, and leading explanations of human time perception are not equipped to explain this interaction. We propose an alternative account of human time perception, based on the dynamics of sensory processing. Our approach naturally links content of experience with time perception through a common foundation in basic sensory processing. We provide evidence for this proposal in model-based analyses of the dynamics of perceptual processing in an artificial neural network and in the activity of human sensory cortex. Healthy human participants watched naturalistic, silent videos and estimated their duration while fMRI was acquired. The same videos were used as stimuli for the artificial network. We constructed a computational model that predicted video durations from salient events in the activity of the artificial network, or in participants’ visual cortex. The artificial network model reproduced human-like duration estimates, including biases in estimation depending on the content of a given video. Most importantly, the model based on human visual cortex activity reproduced trial-by-trial biases in our human participants’ subjective reports, whereas control models trained on auditory or somatosensory activity did not. Together, our results reveal that human subjective time is based on information arising during the processing of our dynamic sensory environment, providing a computational basis for an end-to-end account of time perception. Significance Statement Our perception of time depends on the contents of experience, reflected in expressions such as “a watched pot never boils”. Prevailing accounts of human time perception cannot provide good explanations for this. We tested a new explanation: time perception arises from the processing of our dynamic sensory environment. Supporting this theory, human participants’ duration reports of silent videos correlated with estimates we reconstructed from activity in the visual cortex of their brain while they watched those videos. This was not a brain-wide phenomenon; reconstructions based on other brain regions did not correlate with subjective reports of duration. Our results validate our new theory, linking content of experience and perception of time through a common foundation in basic sensory processing.
New Challenges in Network Security

The purpose of the paper is to point out different security issues of network evolution and to point out new threats related to the network evolution. We will discuss such issues as: complexity of security tools, IPv4/IPv6 transition, new modes of operation, IoT (Internet of Things), BYOD (Bring Your Own Device), cloud computing, SDN (Software Defined Network), wireless transmission. The paper should be of interest to different groups of people, among them are researchers and designers in the security area, policy makers and users of modern networks. Streszczenie. Celem jest wskazanie aspektów bezpieczeństwa związanych z ewolucją sieci komputerowych. Przedstawiono takie zagadnienia jak: złożoność narzędzi bezpieczeństwa, przejście z IPv4 na IPv6, nowe tryby działania, Internet Rzeczy, BYOD (Bring Your Own Device), przetwarzanie w chmurach, SDN (Software Defined Network), transmisja bezprzewodowa. Artykuł powinien zainteresować różne grupy, w tym: osoby badające i projektujące zabezpieczenia, twórców polityk bezpieczeństwa i użytkowników sieci. (Nowe wyzwania dla bezpieczeństwa sieci komputerowych).
Plant Biotechnology 23, 179–183 (2006)

Five potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101 harboring wasabi defensin gene (isolated from Wasabia japonica L.) in a binary plasmid vector, pEKH1. The infected tuber explants co-cultivated for 3 days resulted in higher transformation efficiency (7–50% higher) for all cultivars than 2 days co-cultivation. PCR analysis showed an amplified fragment of wasabi defensin gene and the selectable marker, nptII gene in the genomic DNA of all clones rooted on MS medium supplemented with 100 mgl 1 kanamycin, suggesting their transgenic nature. Southern blot analysis confirmed that transgenic plants integrated 1–6 copies of wasabi defensin gene into their genome. Expression of wasabi defensin protein was confirmed in the leaf extracts of independent transgenic clones by Western blot analysis. Antifungal assay of detached leaves from non-transformed control and transgenic plants indicated that transgenic plants were partially resistant to the fungal pathogen, Botrytis cinerea (gray mold).
Processing Pp and Ps Wave in Multicomponent Sea-Floor Data for Azimuthal Anisotropy: Theory and Overview

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Processing Pp and Ps Wave in Multicomponent Sea-Floor Data for Azimuthal Anisotropy : Theory and Overview X. Y. Li
Internal determinants of export performance of small and medium enterprises in Vietnam

The aim of this study is to investigate the internal determinants of the export performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam. Building upon the Resource-Based Theory, hypotheses on the internal determinants of export performance of SMEs in Vietnam are proposed. A sample of 569 SMEs with export activities in Vietnam during the year 2018 is collected to carry out this research. To ensure the reliability of data, this study excludes joint venture companies due to ambiguous participation between the government and the foreign element. A linear regression approach is applied along with the Robust standard errors method to test the proposed hypotheses of the research model. In addition, this study also examines several control variables in the model, including cultural distance, geographic distance, economic distance, and institutional distance. Estimation results reveal that firm size, firm industry, and research and development (R&D) have a positive and statistically significant impact on the export performance of SMEs in Vietnam, while the manager’s gender has a negative and statistically significant influence on the export performance of these firms. Based on the empirical findings, several governance implications are provided for managers to improve the export performance of their SMEs in Vietnam.
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL FLOWS IN A MIXED-FLOW PUMP STAGE Takemura

Internal flows of a low specific speed pump stage, having a mixed-flow impeller and a vaned bowl diffuser combination, have been investigated experimentally and numerically. Air was used as the test fluid, and the internal flows were measured at various locations and under various capacities. Flow calculations were made, for both the isolated impeller case and the complete stage case, using Denton viscous codes LOSS3D and MULTSTAGE14, by which the three-dimensional steady flow through multiple blade rows can be calculated using the inter-row mixing process. Experimental results showed the effects of the interaction between the impeller and the reverse flow, originating in the downstream diffuser, even at the design point capacity. While an impeller exit reverse flow occurred at the shroud side in the isolated impeller calculation, it was observed at the hub side in the complete stage case, showing good agreement with the experimental results. Although the flow in the diffuser was highly distorted due to a strong swirl flow, patterns of total pressure distribution could be well predicted by the complete stage calculation.
A new decade for social changes

This research investigated the influence of the company's fundamental factors on stakeholder wealth with good mining governance (GMG) as a moderating and control variable. It also evaluated the Growth, Investment Opportunity Set (IOS), and COVID-19 in the mining sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2020. The fundamental factors consist of profitability (PRO), Efficiency (TATO), Liquidity (CR), and Solvency (DER). The object of this research is the mining sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange which publish financial statements from 2016 to 2020 obtained using the purposive sampling method. The number of samples is 41 companies with a total of 205 observations. Furthermore, panel data was conducted using an analysis tool of view 10. The results showed that efficiency has a significant positive influence on Stakeholder Wealth. Meanwhile, Profitability, Liquidity, and Solvency have a significant negative influence. The good Mining Governance (GMG) variable as a moderator is proven to strengthen the influence of profitability, liquidity, and solvency on Stakeholder Wealth, excluding efficiency.
STUDIES ON STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES IV. EFFECT OF WHOLE CELLS, M AND C ANTIGENS, AND OTHER COMPONENTS OF THE CELL ON ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS* BY HUTTON

Knowledge of the biological and chemical properties of the molecular components of the Group A streptococcal cell should provide valuable information pertaining to the pathogenesis of streptococcal infections. Previous work in this laboratory has shown that exposure of streptococcal cells to sonic oscillation resulted in the release from the cell of macromolecular components containing serologically active C and M antigens (1) and enzymes concerned in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism (2). These extracts are well suited for the fractionation and purification of components of the streptococcal cell (3, 4). The possibility that components of the Group A streptococcus possess toxicity for laboratory animals is a subject of considerable interest. The information available however, is very limited. Preliminary studies (5) had indicated that heat-killed streptococci, as well as living cells, and purified preparations of M protein caused death in adrenalectomized rats. The normal rat was highly resistant. The present report will summarize the effect of various macromolecular components isolated from Group A streptococci and other bacterial species upon the adrenalectomized rat.
MINIRE VIEW Cross-Correlation Analysis of Neuronal Activities

In physiological studies, nerve impulses are generally regarded as spike train and statistically analyzed by use of various kinds of so-called time series analyses. The general survey on time series analysis referred to here was reported by YAMAMOTO and NAKAHAMA [88]. Cross-correlation analysis reviewed in this paper is a time series analysis. Cross-correlation analysis is used to reveal temporal and/or spatial relationships between more than two spike trains in the neuronal circuit, in which two neurons are synaptically connected or two neurons are independent but receive a common input.
Thermodynamic interpretation in the natural of Na-K-Ca geothermometer water system

A cation-chloride concentration diagram showing the stability of minerals in natural water system at elevated temperatures is constructed. The curves on this diagram showing the equilibrium between aqueous solution and minerals commonly occurring in nature generally satisfy the empirical Na-K-Ca relationship obtained by FOURNIER and TRUESDELL (1973). This indicates that the chemical composition of natural waters is largely controlled by minerals commonly occurring in nature.
Assessing a Two-Pronged Approach to Active Learning in Sport Sociology Classrooms

Active-learning research has explored 2 distinct areas: pedagogy and physical space. As existing research has most often explored only 1 area per study and few have been done in the area of sport sociology, additional research is needed. This research combined both areas of active learning through a quasi-experimental design. Using 2 different classes, Sport and Society and Gender and Sport, students were exposed to an unchanging physical space or manipulated physical space, as well as activelearning tasks of varying complexity. No differences in student perceptions of engagement or learning were found when comparing space variations; however, task complexity did lead to significant differences in student perceptions of engagement and learning.
Enflurane Induces Contracture from a Patient with Malignant Short Report of in Vitro Muscle Hyperthermia

IWATSUKI, N. , KoGA, Y. and AMAHA, K. Enflurane Induces Contracture of in Vitro Muscle from a Patient with Malignant Hyperthermia. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1983, 140 (2), 221-222 The possibility of enflurane being an inducer of malignant hyperthermia (MH) was examined by using the contracture test in in vitro muscle from a patient with MH. An administration of 2% enflurane elicited contracture in MH muscle and an elimination of enflurane relaxed this contracture. This result, therefore, strongly suggested that enflurane is the one of the trigger-agents for MH.
ADBI Working Paper Series DEMOCRACY AND THE LABOR SHARE OF INCOME: A CROSS-COUNTRY ANALYSIS

Summary statistics on the labor share of income show that between-country variation is much greater than within-country variation: functional income distribution is determined by factors which change substantially across countries but are persistent over time. This article attempts to shed some light on the long-run and political economy determinants of the labor income share. We revisit and extend previous empirical research on democratic political institutions and the labor share using a dataset of 112 countries over the period 1970-2015. Our empirical analysis shows that democracy allows workers to appropriate a higher share of national income. The evidence is robust to different indices of democracy and different periods of time, and after performing instrumental variable estimation. These results are particularly relevant today, in light of the recent global decline in the labor income share and current crisis of democracy.
Gridable Electric Vehicle (GEV) Aggregation in Distribution Network to Support Grid Requirements: A Communication Approach

Abstract Electric Vehicles (EV) can be connected to the grid for power transaction and also serve as distributed resource (DR) or distributed energy storage system (DESS). The concept of connecting group of EVs or gridable EVs (GEV) to the grid is called Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G). V2G is a prominent energy storage system as it is flexible and can be used to support the grid requirements in order to meet the time varying load demand. Optimal placement of GEV aggregation in power distribution network is very challenging and helps in maintaining stability of the power system for a shorter duration of time. In this paper, algorithm is developed for estimating parameters like Ploss, Qloss, Vpu based on past history and wireless access support for Control and Monitoring Unit (CMU) to aggregator agent communication is proposed using Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol. The load flow studies are carried using MiPOWER software in order to obtain the optimal location for the placement of GEV aggregation in power distribution network. LTE physical layer is modeled using MATLAB/SIMULINK and the performance is analyzed using bit error rate (BER) v/s signal to noise ratio (SNR) curves.
Potential bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria from pastırma Pastırmadaki

Recent researches conducted have focused on the possibility of using bacteriocin produced by lactic acid bacteria both (LAB) as protective cultures and as natural antimicrobial agents in dry cured meat products such as pastırma. In the present study, 50 lactic acid bacteria strains, previously isolated from various traditional pastırma samples, were tested for their antimicrobial potentials. Determination of antagonistic activities against food-borne pathogenic strains (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) were done by using agar-spot and well diffusion assays. Then, active isolates were identified by using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. According to the results, 11 of tested LAB were determined with significant bacteriocinogenic potential and these were assigned to as 1 Lactobacillus plantarum, 9 L. plantarum subsp. plantarum and 1 Pediococcus pentosaceus. In conclusion, it was reached that the isolated/identified bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria strains from pastırma samples have a significant potential to prepare pure or crude bacteriocin preparations.