Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive study of the composition of comets 8P/Tuttle and C/2007 W1 Boattini, from IR high resolution spectroscopy observations, performed with CRIRES at VLT.

The composition of cometary nuclei provides key evidence for understanding the formation and the evolution of matter in the early Solar System. Comets today reside mainly in two distinct reservoirs (Kuiper Belt and Oort cloud), but their formation regions in the proto-planetary disk is still an open question. A comparison of chemical taxonomies in different populations can test a possible gradient in the chemistry of icy planetesimals in the proto-planetary disk, along with the dynamical models that predicts their dissemination. Nowadays it is possible to group comets into three main taxonomical classes: ”Organic Enriched”, ”Organic Normal” and ”Organic Depleted”, but still the sample of studied comets (around 20 comets studied with high resolution spectroscopy so far) is too small to be representative of the whole population [1] [2]. The richest wavelength domain for studying the original volatile and organic components in comets is the mid-IR between about 3 and 5 μm. Using high dispersion spectroscopy (resolving power ≥20000) a number of parent gas species, sublimating directly from cometary nuclei, can be measured: H2O, NH3, HCN, CO, CH4, C2H2, C2H6, CH3OH, H2CO. Flux measurements of molecular emission lines allow the determination of production rates and mixing ratios of these volatiles in comets. In this respect, CRIRES at VLTUT1 represents the only instrument at ESO and in the Southern hemisphere providing the spectral resolution and the sensitivity needed for this kind of measurements. We present here the results obtained from the observations, performed with CRIRES, of two comets: 8P/Tuttle [3] [4] and C/2007 W1 Boattini [5], the first observed in January 2008, the latter in May 2008. These two comets revealed quite different organic compositions. 8P/Tuttle is a periodic comet in a Halley type orbit; it revealed a low content of organic material, typical for ”Organic Depleted” types, except for a prominent enrichment of methanol. (Figure 1). The peculiar composition of 8P/Tuttle could be explained introducing a binary nature of its nucleus, that can be formed by two chemically distinct cometesimals (organic depleted plus organic enriched) [7]. C/2007 W1 Boattini is a long-period (likely dynamically new) comet; if we compare this comet with other Oort Cloud comets observed to date, except for the substantial enrichment in C2H6, we can regard it as an ”Organic Normal” comet (Figure 2). Figure 1: Parent volatiles and dust in comet 8P/Tuttle (Jan. 2008). The thick red line in each panel represents the cometary continuum convolved with a synthetic transmittance spectrum of the terrestrial atmosphere, and the green lines indicate the noise envelope. For each panel (A to I) the detected species are indicated [3].
Experimental Study of Copper Nano-fluid on Thermosyphons Thermal Performance

A new way to remove the intense heat by developing and implementing an innovative low cost compact loop thermosyphon has been widely observed. Especially, it was concluded that nano-fluids are potential heat transfer fluids to be used as working fluid in thermosyphon. Therefore, the thermophysical or transport properties of nano-fluids in thermosyphon need to be discussed. In present work was to experimental study the thermal performance of thermosyphon using a copper nano-fluid as a working fluid. The experiment was performed in order to measure the temperature distribution and compare heat transfer rate of the thermosymphon with nano-fluid and with pure water. The concentration of copper nano-particle was 10, 30 and 50 ppm. The tested working temperature was 60, 70 and 80C. Results shown that the concentration of 50 ppm of copper nano-fluid improved thermal performance compared with the case of pure water. The optimum and behavior of copper nano-fluid in thermosyphon is presented, which highlights all of the beforehand mentioned advantages.
An Evaluation Semiotic.

The semiotic interpretative context is extended to program evaluation. Assumptions about the semiotic process of constructing, describing, and judging reality are examined in terms of the viability of the process in explicating a perception-based evaluation model. Models from which inspiration was drawn include R. W. Tyler's instructional objectives model; M. Provus' discrepancy model; the Context, Input, Process, and Product model; H. Scriven's Goal-Free model; and R. E. Stake's model of evaluation. Five core evaluation signs are analyzed in terms of 4 recently completed case study of perception-based evaluation of a cross-national cultural awareness training program funded by an international foundation. Finally, a semiotic analysis for evaluation studies is discussed in terms of 13 Likert-scaled polemics. It is concluded that evaluation should be approached as both a native undertaking and an alien undertaking, and from an insider viewpoint and a disciplined outsider perspective. What is needed is a paradigm that negotiates major questions openly with all participants, gathers quantitative and qualitative scores of evidence, and applies standards or value criteria that are neither elitist from the perspective of the evaluator nor captured by the tacit agendas of the stakeholders. Two tables and a 72-item list of references are inclt4ed. (TJH) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENT eflus document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization Originating it. 0 MmOr changes have been made to improve reproduction Quality es Points Myer" ot opinions stiff ed VI thiS dour merit do not necessanly represent official °Evil positron or policy. "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
Insect resistance to sugar beet pests mediated by a Beta vulgaris proteinase inhibitor transgene

We transformed sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) hairy roots and Nicotiana benthamiana plants with a Beta vulgaris root gene (BvSTI) that codes for a serine proteinase inhibitor. BvSTI is a root gene cloned from the F1016 breeding line that has moderate levels of resistance to the sugar beet root maggot (Tetanops myopaeformis), a major pest of sugar beet. Root maggot damage deforms roots and predisposes them to other pests and pathogens that reduce yield and quality. Transformants had high levels of BvSTI or GUS gene expression driven by the constitutive 35S or the BvSTI gene specific promoter, respectively. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis zymograms revealed clear zones that corresponded to proteinase inhibitor (PI) activities at ~24, 26 and 28 kDa in the sugar beet BvSTI transformants and 26 and 28 kDa in the N. benthamiana plants. Several insect pests of sugar beet and tobacco were bioassayed for resistance on the BvSTI-transgenic plant materials. Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm), Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm) and Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm) larvae that were fed tobacco leaves or sugar beet roots that express the BvSTI gene exhibited higher mortality rates or were delayed in growth and development relative to control larvae. Since serine proteases comprise the major digestive enzymes in root maggot midguts, our findings suggest that the BvSTI gene is likely involved in root maggot resistance mechanisms in the F1016 genotype.
Collateral, Debt Capacity, and Corporate Investment: Evidence from a Natural Experiment

This paper examines how a shock to collateral value, caused by asset market fluctuations, influences the debt capacities and investments of firms. Using a source of exogenous variation in collateral value provided by the land market collapse in Japan, I find a large impact of collateral on the corporate investments of a large sample of manufacturing firms. For every 10 percent drop in collateral value, the investment rate of an average firm is reduced by 0.8 percentage point. Further, exploiting a unique data set of matched bank-firm lending, I provide direct evidence on the mechanism by which collateral affects investment. In particular, I show that collateral losses results in lower debt capacities: firms with greater collateral losses are less likely to sustain their banking relationships and, conditional on lending being renewed, they obtain a smaller amount of bank credit. Moreover, the collateral channel is independent of the contemporaneous influence of worsened bank financial conditions. ∗I thank Tim Adam, Kalok Chan, Sudipto Dasgupta, Vidhan Goyal, Yasushi Hamao, Takeo Hoshi, Christopher James, Wei Jiang, Stewert Myers, Raghu Rajan, David Scharfstein, Sheridan Titman, William Wheaton, Takeshi Yamada, and seminar participants at MIT, the NBER Summer Institute, the HKUST Finance Symposium, and the Western Finance Association meeting for their comments and suggestions. I am particularly grateful to the anonymous referee whose insightful and constructive comments have substantially improved the paper. I also thank Yoshiaki Ogura and Carol Tse for excellent research assistance and the Center on Japanese Economy and Business at the Columbia Business School for a faculty research grant. †Department of Finance, School of Business and Management, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong. Email: jgan@ust.hk; Tel: 852 2358 7665; Fax: 852 2358 1749.
Performance evaluation of foreground modeling in moving foreground segmentation

Nonparametric statistical modeling of background and foreground has been widely used for moving foreground segmentation from video sequences. In this work, a simple metric is presented to evaluate the performance of various foreground models. The proposed metric allows us to test the robustness of the foreground model to the motion and deformation of the moving foreground. Experiments are performed on five typical foreground models, showing that the proposed metric is effective.
Financial accountability: the principal or the school governing body?

The Schools Act 84 of 1996 prescribes how a school should manage its funds. It also provides guidelines for the school governing body and the principal on their roles and responsibilities in managing the finances of the school. However, there are school governing bodies and principals that have little knowledge of the contents of the Schools Act or are simply interpreting it incorrectly and this has led to many schools being victims of mismanagement or misappropriation of funds in the form of embezzlement, fraud and theft. Although the Department of Education provides training for school governing bodies in financial management, financial problems in many schools have not abated. The principal or members of the school governing body (SGB) may choose to sweep these financial problems under the carpet for fear of being implicated. In instances where financial problems have been taken up with school districts in the Department of Education, many of these problems remain unresolved. Who is accountable for the school's finances, the principal or the governing body of the school? In the case Schoonbee and others v MEC for Education, Mpumalanga and Another (unreported case No. 33750/01) (T), the issue of accountability was raised. Should the principal or the SGB be held responsible and accountable for the school funds? The decision in this case has far-reaching implications for the various role players in school financial management. This article explores the role functions of the SGB and the principal and determines to what extent these parties are accountable for the financial school management. Guidelines have been developed that will ensure schools are managing their funds effectively and efficiently. South African Journal of Education Vol.24(2) 2004: 126-132
Hypogonadism and Erectile Dysfunction in Thai Men with Systemic LupusErythematosus

Abstract Objectives: To determine the prevalence of hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction (ED), along with associated factors in male SLE patients Methods: A cross-sectional study of men with SLE conducted between January and December 2013. The demographic data, clinical parameters, sex chromosomes, testicular volume, and sex hormones (FSH, LH, and testosterone) were evaluated. We used Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male (ADAM) screening questionnaires to determine androgen deficiency symptoms and the 5-item International Index for Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire to assess ED severity. Results: The study included 26 male SLE patients with a mean ± SD age of 37.5 ± 15.4 and disease duration of 4.2 ± 4.5 years. The modified-SLE disease activity index (mSLEDAI) and SLE collaborating clinic (SLICC) damage score were 3.4 ± 5.5 and 0.7 ± 1.0, respectively. All patients had an XY chromosome. Seven patients (27%) had biochemical hypogonadism (testosterone ≤300 ng/dl). Patients with biochemical hypogonadism had a significantly higher prevalence of neuropsychiatric-SLE (NPSLE) than those without (57% vs. 5%, p=0.010). The prevalence of symptomatic hypogonadism and ED based on the ADAM and ED questionnaires were 62% and 76%, respectively. Patients with ED had smaller testicular volume (9.4 ± 2.4 vs. 12.4 ± 2.4 ml, p=0.046). Testicular volume correlated positively with testosterone level (r=0.525, p=0.010) and IIEF-5 score (r=0.476, p=0.046), but negatively with SLICC damage score (r=-0.435, p=0.038). Conclusion: A substantial proportion of male SLE patients had symptomatic hypogonadism and ED. Patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism appeared to have higher proportion of NPSLE. ED by IIEF-5 score and testicular volume may be sensitive to predict hypogonadism in male SLE patients.
R-curve behavior and crack propagation properties of asphalt concrete at low temperatures

AbstractFracture properties and crack propagation characteristics of asphalt concrete mixtures were studied by obtaining fracture resistance curves using three point single edge SE(B) notched beam specimens. Elastic-plastic approach is used in the calculation of the J-integral since the fracture process zone size is large enough to not use a linear elastic approach. Crack length measurements were obtained directly from high resolution images taken during the tests. A rising R-curve was observed in all the specimens which indicates ductility and a toughening mechanism in the ductile to quasi-brittle fracture of the mixture. Mixtures developed by limestone and siliceous aggregates with 4%, 4.5% and 5% binder contents were tested at temperatures ranging from +5°C to −20°C. Mixtures with 5% binder content showed greater crack resistant behavior at each temperature. Crack lengths at which crack propagation instability occurred were decreased by the reduction of temperature. A significant drop of this critical .
Knowledge transfer in humanities and social science research groups: The influence of organizational factors

The aim of this paper is to determine the relevance of organizational factors on the means and intensity of knowledge transfer among Humanities and Social Science (HSS) research groups in the Spanish context. We conduct a descriptive and correlation analysis on a sample of HSS research groups from the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC). Results show that a focus on knowledge transfer is not related to how groups and institutes are organized. Nevertheless, this activity is correlated with economic incentives and a management adapted to the specific characteristics of the HSS area. We also show the influence of CSIC? s policy and management on the informal nature of the relationships among research groups and external agents. Thus, knowledge transfer activities carried out by researchers regardless of institutional organization are related to a lack of awareness about the institutional and personal advantages to be gained from formalizing these activities.
The prospective relationship of sport and physical activity with life satisfaction after a one-year follow-up: an examination of gender differences during mid-adolescence

Physical and sport activity has been associated not only to better physical health during adolescence, but also to better mental health. Life satisfaction plays an important role in facilitating social relationships and preventing the development of psychological disorders during adolescence. This study aimed to analyse by gender the effect sport participation and the practice of physical exercise, as extracurricular activities, on life satisfaction during adolescence. A longitudinal study with two assessments separated by a year was carried out. A self-report measure was administered in each wave to a sample of 714 adolescents (50.7% girls) aged between 13 and 16 years old. Participants were enrolled in a convenience selection of 19 Secondary schools from Andalusia (Spain), while the classrooms were randomly selected. Results indicated that boys reported more frequent sport practice and physical activity than girls. A structural equation model indicated that a higher frequency of physical activity and a higher frequency of sport activity, as extracurricular activities, longitudinally predicted a greater life satisfaction in adolescent girls after the one-year follow-up, whilst no significant association was detected in boys' subsample. These results highlight the need to design gender-focused actions to promote the practice of physical and sport activity in order to foster adolescent well-being.
DETERMINANTS OF COMPLIANCE WITH AUDIT COMMITTEE RULES: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA

The main objective of this study is to investigate the extent of public listed companies compliance with the audit committee rules and to examine the association between Indonesian business characteristics and the compliance of public listed companies with the rules. The results indicate that the compliance of public listed companies with the rules is unsatisfactory. In terms of determinants of the compliance, the different types of family control have a different effect on the compliance of public listed companies with the rules. Additionally, public listed companies with politically connected independent commissioner are less likely to comply with the rules. In contrast, public listed companies with large genuine foreign institutional investors are more likely to comply with the rules.
Evaluation of the Input Impedance and Impedance Quality Factor of a Dipole in Spatial and Spectral Domains

In classic antenna analysis, there exist several methods of calculating input impedance when the source distribution of an antenna is known. The well-known induced EMF method, based on spatially distributed currents, is typically applied for this purpose and, thereby, serves as a reference for this research. Conversely, the spectral domain method takes the opposite approach for the input impedance and is evaluated using a far-field pattern. This paper compares the induced EMF method and the spectral domain method. Furthermore, the quality factor of the dipole antenna, based on the impedance variation with frequency, is calculated for both methods. This study shows that the induced EMF method and the spectral domain method are in close agreement.
Investigating the Relationship between Depression, Negative Automatic Thoughts, Life Satisfaction and Symptom Interpretation in Turkish Young Adults

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between depression, negative automatic thoughts, life satisfaction, number of symptoms, psychologizing, somatizing and normalizing in young adults. The mediator role of life satisfaction in the relationship between negative automatic thoughts and depression especially is the major question of this study. Participants are composed of 115 volunteer teacher candidates from an urban Turkish university. Their ages vary between 21 and 29. The data are collected through Beck Depression Inventory, Life Satisfaction Scale, Automatic Thoughts Scale, Symptom Interpretation Questionnaire and Personal Information Form. As a result, it is seen that the depression scores of young adults do not differ according to gender and according to whether they encountered an event causing stress in the past 3 months or not. Another finding is that five variables (negative automatic thoughts, life satisfaction, number of symptoms, psychologizing and normalizing) are significant predictors in explaining the depression level of young adults. Together, these five variables explain 52% of the young adults’ depression. Another finding of the study is that negative automatic thoughts of young adults make them negatively assess quality of life and this causes the depression levels to increase.
A Tongue Not Mine: Beckett and Translation

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABBREVIATIONS Preface: 'Neither a native nor a foreign accent': Beckett in French and English 1. Paying Lipservice: Beckett, translation and the 1930s 2. 'these long shifting thresholds': Beckett's turn to French 3. Narration, nation, dissemination the trilogy translated 4. Foreign Bodies: translation at play in Beckett's theatre 5. Atropos and Echo: Beckett's 'worsening' self-translation and the discourse of death LIST OF BECKETT'S SELF-TRANSLATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Does Taking One Step Back Get You Two Steps Forward? Grade Retention and School Performance in Rural China

Abstract: Despite the rise in grade retention in China recently, little work has been done to understand the impact of grade retention on the educational performance of students in China. This paper seeks to redress this shortcoming and examines this impact on 1649 students in 36 elementary schools in Shaanxi province. With a dataset that was collected from a survey designed specifically to capture school performance of students before and after they were retained, we use Difference-in-Difference, Propensity Score Matching and Difference-in-Difference Matching approaches to analyze the effect of grade retention on school performance. Although the descriptive analysis shows that grade retention helps to improve the scores of the students that were retained, somewhat surprisingly, the results from the multivariate analysis consistently show that there is no significant positive effect of grade retention on school performance of the students. In fact, in some cases (e.g., for the students who repeat grade 2), grade retention is shown to hurt school performance.