Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-factor Memory Attentive Model for Knowledge Tracing

The traditional knowledge tracing with neural network usually embeds the required information and predicates the knowledge proﬁciency by embedded information. Only few information, however, is considered in traditional methods, such as the information of exercises in terms of concept. In this paper, we propose a multi-factor memory attentive model for knowledge tracing (MMAKT). In terms of Neural Cognitive Diagnosis (NeuralCD) framework, MMAKT introduces the factors of the knowledge concept relevancy, the dif-ﬁculty of each concept, the discrimination among exercises and the student’s proﬁciency to construct interaction vectors. Moreover, in order to achieve more accurate prediction precision, MMAKT introduces attention mechanism to enhance the expression of historical relationship between interactions. With the experiments on the real-world datasets, MMAKT shows better performance of knowledge tracing and prediction in comparision with the state-of-the-art approaches.
h-DBSCAN: A simple fast DBSCAN algorithm for big data

DBSCAN is a classical clustering algorithm, which can identify diﬀerent shapes and isolate noisy patterns from a dataset. Despite the above advantages, the bottleneck of DBSCAN is its computation time for high dimensional datasets. This work, thus, presents a simple and fast method to improve the eﬃciency of DBSCAN algorithm. We reduce the execution time in two aspects. The ﬁrst one is to reduce the number of points presented to DBSCAN and the second one is to apply the HNSW technique instead of the linear search structure for improving its eﬃciency. The experimental results show that our proposed algorithm can greatly improve the clustering speed without losing or even obtaining better accuracy, especially for large-scale datasets.
Dynamic Edible Plant Theoretical Knowledge in a Changing Western Mexican Rural Community

Abstract. The ability to name plants is part of one's theoretical botanical knowledge, which is neither static nor presented equally among all members of a cultural group. This article analyzes the intracultural variation of knowledge in the cultural domain of edible plant species among a rural population of western Mexico. We evaluate individuals' capacity to name plants, the salience of each plant, children's sources of this knowledge, and the socioeconomic factors that influence the amount of knowledge held. Freelists on local edible plant species were generated from 107 participants, including 37 children of middle childhood (MC), 27 preteens (PT), and 43 adults (A). A total of 102 species were mentioned across the lists for all three age groups. While each age and gender group presented variation in the species mentioned, a high level of overlap was found among the salient species. Group A mentioned twice the number of wild species as the PT and MC groups. Vertical knowledge transmission was more important for the children, and their ability to name the species differed significantly according to age, gender, and mother's occupation. Children with farmer-housewife mothers listed five more species on average than those with mothers in other occupational groups. The children listed fewer plants than adults, indicating differences between age groups and indicating the need for future studies to evaluate the factors that influence the transmission of knowledge amidst socioenvironmental changes.
Ethnohistoric Accounts as Valuable Resources for Deciphering Commensal Relationships of Pre-Contact Caribbean Agouti (Dasyproctidae: Dasyprocta)

Abstract. The Neotropical rodent agouti (Dasyprocta sp.), arguably one of the most prominent pre-Contact introduced commensals of the Lesser Antilles, has long been proposed as having been managed and maintained in captivity by Indigenous Caribbean groups. These claims, however, remain so far unsubstantiated. Ethnohistoric texts may serve as valuable resources for establishing the commensal relationships agouti shared with Indigenous Caribbean groups. Here, I synthesize the evidence from seventeenth century French ethnohistoric texts to address the question of pre-Contact agouti management and captivity and concretize some of the many other commensal relationships linking agouti to Indigenous groups. Ethnohistoric texts reveal that, in addition to having been managed through garden hunting, agoutis occurred as tame, in close proximity to settlements, although they do not appear to have been maintained in captivity. Agoutis also occurred as detached from human settlements, maintaining minimal interaction with human groups. Ethnohistoric texts repeatedly associate agoutis and agouti skeletal elements with ritual practices, suggesting ceremonial/cosmological value. This study shows that ethnohistoric texts hold critical potential for substantiating pre-Contact commensal relationships and, by extension, may offer insight into Indigenous identities and lifeways, and island ecology.
Tracking the stochastic growth of bacterial populations in microfluidic droplets

Bacterial growth in microfluidic droplets is relevant in biotechnology, in microbial ecology, and in understanding stochastic population dynamics in small populations. However, it has proved challenging to automate measurement of absolute bacterial numbers within droplets, forcing the use of proxy measures for population size. Here we present a microfluidic device and imaging protocol that allows high-resolution imaging of thousands of droplets, such that individual bacteria stay in the focal plane and can be counted automatically. Using this approach, we track the stochastic growth of hundreds of replicate Escherichia coli populations within droplets. We find that, for early times, the statistics of the growth trajectories obey the predictions of the Bellman–Harris model, in which there is no inheritance of division time. Our approach should allow further testing of models for stochastic growth dynamics, as well as contributing to broader applications of droplet-based bacterial culture.
Assessing the Prevalence of Diabetes Distress and Determining Its Psychosocial Predictors Among Saudi Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

In recent years, the global burden of diabetes distress has increased significantly worldwide, imposing mental health issues on patients and the healthcare system. Hence, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of diabetes distress and determine its psychosocial predictors among Saudi adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at Diabetes Clinics, Tertiary Care Academic Medical Center, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The survey questionnaire was distributed to 423 participants. The sample size was 384, where the prevalence of diabetes distress was 48.5%. Based on 5% precision and a confidence interval of 95%, the response rate was 78.25% (334 respondents), among which 61.4% of respondents were females, the remaining 38.6% were males, and the mean age was 56.39 years. The mean scores for the Saudi Arabian Diabetes Distress Scale-17 (SADDS-17) subdomains including emotional burden, physician-related distress, regimen-related distress, and interpersonal distress were 2.63 ± 1.29, 2.31 ± 1.44, 2.48 ± 1.16, and 2.23 ± 1.24, respectively. Based on the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument, Short Version (WHOQOL-BREF) transformed scores, the quality of life was recorded as 62.7%. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score (r = 0.287, p < 0.01) and the total SADDS-17 scores. The Patient Health Questionaire (PHQ) 15 scores showed significant positive correlations with the total SADDS-17 scores (r = 0.288, p < 0.01) and each of the four subdomains. Our present study revealed that diabetes distress prevalence is alarmingly high among patients in Saudi Arabia, Riyadh. Our findings provide evidence that physical symptoms, quality of life, depression, and anxiety are the notable predictors of diabetes distress.
Long Distance Seed Dispersal by Forest Elephants

By dispersing seeds long distances, large, fruit-eating animals influence plant population spread and community dynamics. After fruit consumption, animal gut passage time and movement determine seed dispersal patterns and distances. These, in turn, are influenced by extrinsic, environmental variables and intrinsic, individual-level variables. We simulated seed dispersal by forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis) by integrating gut passage data from wild elephants with movement data from 96 individuals. On average, elephants dispersed seeds 5.3 km, with 89% of seeds dispersed farther than 1 km. The longest simulated seed dispersal distance was 101 km, with an average maximum dispersal distance of 40.1 km. Seed dispersal distances varied among national parks, perhaps due to unmeasured environmental differences such as habitat heterogeneity and configuration, but not with human disturbance or habitat openness. On average, male elephants dispersed seeds farther than females. Elephant behavioral traits strongly influenced dispersal distances, with bold, exploratory elephants dispersing seeds 1.1 km farther than shy, idler elephants. Protection of forest elephants, particularly males and highly mobile, exploratory individuals, is critical to maintaining long distance seed dispersal services that shape plant communities and tropical forest habitat.
miR-214-5p Regulating Differentiation of Intramuscular Preadipocytes in Goats via Targeting KLF12

Intramuscular fat (i.m.) is an adipose tissue that is deposited between muscle bundles. An important type of post-transcriptional regulatory factor, miRNAs, has been observed as an important regulator that can regulate gene expression and cell differentiation through specific binding with target genes, which is the pivotal way determining intramuscular fat deposition. Thus, this study intends to use RT-PCR, cell culture, liposome transfection, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR), dual luciferase reporter systems, and other biological methods clarifying the possible mechanisms on goat intramuscular preadipocyte differentiation that is regulated by miR-214-5p. Ultimately, our results showed that the expression level of miR-214-5p peaked at 48 h after the goat intramuscular preadipocytes were induced for adipogenesis. Furthermore, after inhibition of the expression of miR-214-5p, the accumulation of lipid droplets and adipocyte differentiation in goat intramuscular adipocytes were promoted by the way of up-regulation of the expression level of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) (p < 0.05) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) (p < 0.01) but inhibited the expression of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) (p < 0.01). Subsequently, our study confirmed that Krüppel-like factor 12 (KLF12) was the target gene of miR-214-5p. Inhibition of the expression of KLF12 promoted adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation by upregulation of the expression of LPL and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBPα) (p < 0.01). Overall, these results indicated that miR-214-5p and its target gene KLF12 were negative regulators in progression of goat preadipocyte differentiation. Our research results provided an experimental basis for finally revealing the mechanism of miR-214-5p in adipocytes.
Design and Formal Verification of a Copland-Based Attestation Protocol

We present the design and formal analysis of a remote attestation protocol and accompanying security architecture that generate evidence of trustworthy execution for legacy software. For formal guarantees of measurement ordering and cryptographic evidence strength, we leverage the Copland language and Copland Virtual Machine execution semantics. For isolation of attestation mechanisms we design a layered attestation architecture that leverages the seL4 microkernel. The formal properties of the protocol and architecture together serve to discharge assumptions made by an existing higher-level model-finding tool to characterize all ways an active adversary can corrupt a target and go undetected. As a proof of concept, we instantiate this analysis framework with a specific Copland protocol and security architecture to measure a legacy flight planning application. By leveraging components that are amenable to formal analysis, we demonstrate a principled way to design an attestation protocol and argue for its end-to-end correctness.
Kinematic Analysis and Simulation of a Novel Continuum Robot for Search and Rescue

In this paper, a novel continuum robot for search and rescue is presented. A detailed formulation of fundamentally new kinematic model is then introduced. Kinematic analysis adopt product of exponentials formula, compare with conventional D-H method, this method is concise and simplicity. Finally, the forward kinematic simulation is completed by Matlab software.
Reviewing the Interrelation Between Information Security and Culture: Toward an Agenda for Future Research

The main goal of this paper is to provide a review of existing research on the interrelationships between information security and culture. The results of this study are based on a structured literature review of current research on the interrelationships between information security and culture, published between 2000 and 2020 (September). Our results show that current research has focused on four core themes: (1) the influence of culture on information security policy compliance behavior, (2) information security culture in organizations, (3) the influence of culture on information security awareness programs and (4) the effect of culture on information security governance. Our results show, that so far, the mentioned topics have been investigated from different perspectives. However, our results offer potential for future research, e.g. in the connections between information security and individual cultural values or in the area of information security awareness.
Antioxidant capacity of blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) leaves and buds

Abstract The antioxidant capacity is the combined free radical scavenging effect of all antioxidant compounds found in the studied system. There is a growing need for accurate, numerical determination of this capacity (for easier comparison), so there are many analytical procedures, methods, and measurement systems available to researchers. Neither one is able to model the totality of real, naturally occurring reactions; therefore, conclusions about the antioxidant power of the studied sample can be drawn only after using several methods. In this work, the total phenolic content (TPC) of blackcurrant leaves and buds was determined, and the antioxidant capacity was tested using the DPPH and FRAP assays. 80% methanol was the most effective in the extraction of phenolics followed by 80% ethanol, while for the antioxidant capacity the acetone (50%)/water/acetic acid (2%) mixture proved to be the best. Significant differences were observed between cultivars and sampling dates, but the pattern of variation during the harvest period was similar for all cultivars.
Bias and thermal annealings of radiation-induced leakage currents in thin-gate oxides

The effects of bias annealing and thermal annealing on radiation-induced leakage currents (RILC) in thin-gate oxides (4.5 nm) have been studied. To decouple these two effects, we have performed the bias annealing at room temperature and the thermal annealing at elevated temperatures without bias. RILC has been found to decrease after both bias and thermal annealings. We have also observed that the decrease of RILC during bias annealing was greatly enhanced in a hydrogen ambient. This evidence strongly indicates that trapped holes contribute significantly to RILC and suggests that the bias annealing of RILC was likely due to the annealing of trapped holes.
Transitions Into and Out of Voluntary Work Over the Life Course: What is the Effect of Major Life Events?

The aim of the current study is to investigate which major life events are associated with transitions into and out of volunteering over the life course and, especially, why these associations exist. Social Production Function theory is used to derive hypotheses, which are tested using longitudinal data (adult subsample) from Lifelines. Associations between major life events and (a) volunteer take-up, nonvolunteer sample (N = 59,773) and (b) volunteer cessation, volunteer sample (N = 32,143) are studied by applying Linear Probability Modeling. Results show clear associations between specific major life events and starting and quitting volunteering. The influence on the latter is stronger than on the former. Most findings are in line with our theory-based expectations indicating that (a) voluntary work contributes especially to the fulfillment of the needs for status, stimulation, and behavioral confirmation and (2) life events causing losses (gains) in these needs are associated with a higher likelihood to take-up (quit) volunteering.
Ti-Co mixed oxide as photocatalysts in the generation of hydrogen from water

Abstract The effect of Co into the titanium oxide matrix as photocatalysts in the generation of hydrogen from water is herein reported. Ti–Co mixed oxides and pure titania were synthetized by sol-gel. The Co content was 0, 1, 3, 5, and 10 wt. %. The solids were characterized by Scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), N2 physisorption, X-ray difrraction (XRD), ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), spectroscopy Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectroscopy and High resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). The results showed that the mixed oxides show larger specific surface areas (73–186 m2/g) compare to that of pure TiO2 (64 m2/g). The XRD patterns of the Ti-Co samples resemble that of anatase and segregation of Co was not observed by this technique. The band gap energies of these solids vary from 3.05 to 2.85 eV which are smaller than that of pure TiO2 (3.2 eV). The Ti-Co oxides showed an enhancement in the hydrogen production (∼3056 μmol/h) compare to that of TiO2 (190 μmol/h) when using UV light. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity of titania (110 μmol/h) for this reaction was also smaller than those observed for the Ti-Co mixed oxides (∼4056 μmol/h) under visible light.
Development and application of high-temperature sensors and electronics for propulsion applications

High temperature sensors and electronics are necessary for a number of aerospace propulsion applications. The Sensors and Electronics Branch at NASA Glenn Research Center (NASA GRC) has been involved in the design, fabrication, and application of a range of sensors and electronics that have use in high temperature, harsh environment propulsion environments. The emphasis is on developing advanced capabilities for measurement and control of aeropropulsion systems as well as monitoring the safety of those systems using Micro/Nano technologies. Specific areas of work include SiC based electronic devices and sensors; thin film thermocouples, strain gauges, and heat flux gauges; chemical sensors; as well as integrated and multifunctional sensor systems. Each sensor type has its own technical challenges related to integration and reliability in a given application. These activities have a common goal of improving the awareness of the state of the propulsion system and moving towards the realization of intelligent engines. This paper will give an overview of the broad range of sensor-related development activities on-going in the NASA GRC Sensors and Electronics Branch as well as their current and potential use in propulsion systems.
Chassis optimisation of monopole antennas for SAR reduction

The paper is to investigate the chassis influence on the specific absorption rate (SAR) characteristics of handset antennas with the finite-difference time-domain method. The chassis is conductive and equipped with a quarter-wavelength monopole. The optimal chassis sizes have been presented for 900 MHz and 2 GHz operation.
The Mediation Effect of Health Literacy on Social Support with Exchange and Depression in Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Older People in Taiwan

The proportion of the world’s population that are over 60 years old is increasing rapidly. The physical and mental health of older people is affected by depression. Health literacy is a major determinant of health and healthcare for the aging; middle-aged and older people with high health literacy are more likely to maintain a healthy lifestyle, and control or manage their chronic diseases. Therefore, this study explored the relationship between health literacy, social support with exchange, and depression, in middle-aged and older adults in the community, using data from the 2015 Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging (TLSA) database. Of the 7636 participants, 1481 (19.4%) were middle-aged or older persons with depression symptoms. We found age, gender, and education level to be significantly related to health literacy status, social support with exchange, and depression. Health literacy was positively correlated with depression and social exchange in social support with exchange, whereas the emotional support component of social support with exchange was negatively correlated with depression. Regression-based process analysis was used to verify the mediation effect of health literacy. Our results indicated that when health literacy was entered into the regression model (a × b path), the effect of social exchange on depression was insignificant (c′ = −0.01, p = 0.84), indicating a complete mediation effect. These findings suggest that improving health literacy may offset the impact of social support with exchange on depression, and lead to the mitigation of depression in middle-aged and older people in Taiwanese communities.
Failure Prediction in Bulk Metal Forming Process

An important concern in metal forming is whether the desired deformation can be accomplished without defects in the final product. Various ductile fracture criteria have been developed and experimentally verified for a limited number of cases of metal forming processes. These criteria are highly dependent on the geometry of the workpiece and cannot be utilized for complicated shapes without experimental verification. However, experimental work is a resource hungry process. This paper proposes the ability of finite element analysis (FEA) software such as LS-DYNA to pinpoint the crack-like flaws in bulk metal forming products. Two different approaches named as arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) and smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) formulations were adopted. The results of the simulations agree well with the experimental work and a comparison between the two formulations has been carried out. Both approximation methods successfully predicted the flow of workpiece material (plastic deformation). However ALE method was able to pinpoint the location of the flaws.