Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A preliminary revision of the genus Plecotus (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) based on genetic and morphological results

Spitzenberger, F. , Strelkov, P. P., Winkler, H. & Haring, E. (2006). A preliminary revision of the genus Plecotus (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) based on genetic and morphological results. — Zoologica Scripta , 35 , 187–230. The phylogenetic relationships within the genus Plecotus were assessed using molecular as well as morphological methods. With only three species missing, our study is based on an almost comprehensive taxonomic sampling. The genetic analysis comprised 151 individuals from throughout the range. Sequences of two mitochondrial sections, parts of the 16S rRNA gene (16S) and of the control region (CR) were analysed. The morphological analysis of cranial and external characters comprised 697 individuals, including 10 holotypes and one lectotype. Data from 15 craniometric characters of 442 specimens were used in the multivariate analyses. The molecular data identified nine primary clades representing 11 species, 10 of which could be assigned to described taxa, whereas one was described as a new species, Plecotus strelkovi Spitzenberger sp. nov. The tree based on 16S revealed two major lineages, one consisting of only one primary clade restricted to the Mediterranean, the other consisting of eight primary clades representing Eurasian taxa. The morphological analysis revealed five additional species, two of them not described. Together with the recently described P. taivanus , P. sardus and P. balensis , which were not included in our analysis, the genus Plecotus comprises at least 19 more or less cryptic species. Phylogenetic and phenetic analyses resulted in similar but not completely concordant arrangements of the species. The proposed classification relies mainly on the tree based on 16S sequences. The current distribution indicates that 16 species can be linked to arboreal refugia, three to eremial refugia. We assume that speciation within the gleaning, rather slow flying long-eared bats is due to a multitude of disruption and isolation processes within a formerly continuous range of the broad-leaved Arcto-Tertiary forest in which Plecotus probably originated. An exact calibrated molecular dating of the splits is not possible. The Early Oligocene age of the presumed ancestor of the Plecotini and a correlation of the molecular diversifications with palaeogeographic reconstructions suggest that the divergence of the two major lineages
Floral Biology and Pollination Ecology of Desmos chinensis (Annonaceae): Assessing the Efficacy of Floral Synchrony for Promoting Xenogamy

Premise of research. Early-divergent angiosperms typically possess hermaphroditic flowers but often lack any biochemically mediated self-incompatibility mechanism. Although outcrossing is generally promoted in these taxa by protogyny, which is effective for precluding autogamy (self-fertilization within a flower), other mechanisms are necessary to prevent geitonogamy (self-pollination between different flowers within an individual). In this article we investigate the occurrence and efficacy of inter- and intraindividual floral synchrony for preventing geitonogamy in the early-divergent angiosperm Desmos chinensis (Annonaceae) within the context of the overall floral biology and pollination ecology of the species. Methodology. We assess the floral phenology (at the flower, individual plant, and population levels), floral scent chemistry, pollination ecology, and breeding system of D. chinensis. Pivotal results. Desmos chinensis is pollinated by small Amystrops beetles (Nitidulidae) that are attracted by floral scent. Although the flowers are hermaphroditic and self-compatible, population genetic analysis indicates that the species is likely to be predominantly xenogamous (outcrossing): most of the genetic diversity occurs within populations, with evidence of extensive gene flow. The flowers are protogynous, with anthesis lasting ca. 27 h and with a 6-h nonsexual interim phase separating the functional pistillate and staminate phases. Although protogyny is an effective mechanism to prevent autogamy, it cannot prevent geitonogamy. Conclusions. We demonstrate the existence of inter- and intraindividual floral synchrony in D. chinensis, in which pistillate- and staminate-phase flowers rarely coexist within an individual, thereby largely precluding the possibility of geitonogamy. We suggest that inter- and intraindividual floral synchrony may be much more common than previous studies suggest. Since the phenomenon is known from several phylogenetically disparate lineages in the family and has possibly evolved independently, it may endow a significant selective advantage for promoting xenogamy.
Restrictions on the Material Coefficients in the Constitutive Theories for Non-Classical Viscous Fluent Continua

This paper considers conservation and balance laws and the constitutive theories for non-classical viscous fluent continua without memory, in which internal rotation rates due to the velocity gradient tensor are incorporated in the thermodynamic framework. The constitutive theories for the deviatoric part of the symmetric Cauchy stress tensor and the Cauchy moment tensor are derived based on integrity. The constitutive theories for the Cauchy moment tensor are considered when the balance of moments of moments 1) is not a balance law and 2) is a balance law. The constitutive theory for heat vector based on integrity is also considered. Restrictions on the material coefficients in the constitutive theories for the stress tensor, moment tensor, and heat vector are established using the conditions resulting from the entropy inequality, keeping in mind that the constitutive theories derived here based on integrity are in fact nonlinear constitutive theories. It is shown that in the case of the simplest linear constitutive theory for stress tensor used predominantly for compressible viscous fluids, Stokes' hypothesis or Stokes' assumption has no thermodynamic basis, hence may be viewed incorrect. Thermodynamically consistent derivations of the restrictions on various material coefficients are presented for non-classical as well as classical theories that are applicable to nonlinear constitutive theories, which are inevitable if the constitutive theories are derived based on integrity.
Effectiveness of emotion regulation training on increasing self-efficacy and well-being in drug-dependent individuals

Received: March 2017, Accepted: May 2017 Background: Emotion plays an important role in adapting to life changes and stressful events. Difficulty regulating emotions is one of the problems drug abusers often face. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of emotion regulation training on increasing self-efficacy and well-being in drug-dependent individuals. Materials and Methods: The present study had a quasi-experimental design wherein pretest-posttest evaluations were applied using a control group and follow-up. The population was all substance abusers who referred to the Mehrvarzan addiction treatment clinic of Rafsanjan, Iran, in 2015. The statistical sample was composed of 30 available members. Results: The results showed that the emotion regulation training has significant effectiveness in increasing self-efficacy and well-being in substance abusers. The effectiveness of the training on increasing well-being was persistent in the follow-up period, but increasing self-efficacy was not persistent. Thirty substance-dependent individuals were selected and then randomly assigned to the experiment and control groups. The experiment group received its training in eight 1.5-hour sessions. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to analyze the data. There was significant increase in self-efficacy (P < 0.01) and well-being (P < 0.01) after emotion regulation training. Conclusions: Self-efficacy and well-being in drug-dependent individuals of this study were increased by emotion regulation training. We may conclude that the emotion regulation training can be applied alongside other therapies to treat drug abusers in addiction treatment clinic.
Attributions of Responsibility for Terrorist Attacks: The Role of Group Membership and Identification

A thermal treating apparatus and process providing convection thermal transfer for elevated processing temperatures and chemical treatment. A recirculation plenum for passage of spent treatment fluid from and fresh treatment fluid to a treatment chamber may contain a thermal control source, a chemical control source, and a blower to provide predetermined programmable temperatures and chemical environments to articles in the treatment chamber. Decreasing cross sectional areas along the length of the treatment chamber cause introduction of fresh treatment fluid at different locations along the length of the treatment chamber to achieve desired uniform thermal and chemical treatment of articles along the length of the treatment chamber.
Iron biogeochemistry across marine systems at changing times - conclusions from the workshop held in Gothenburg, Sweden (14-16 May 2008)

E. Breitbarth, E. P. Achterberg, M. V. Ardelan, A. R. Baker, E. Bucciarelli, F. Chever, P. L. Croot, S. Duggen, M. Gledhill, M. Hassellöv, C. Hassler, L. J. Hoffmann, K. A. Hunter, D. A. Hutchins, J. Ingri, T. Jickells, M. C. Lohan, M. C. Nielsdóttir, G. Sarthou, V. Schoemann, J. M. Trapp, D. R. Turner, and Y. Ye Department of Chemistry, Univ. of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand Department of Chemistry, Univ. of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden National Oceanography Center Southampton, Univ. of Southampton, Southampton, UK Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Trondheim, Norway School of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of East Anglia, Norwich, UK Univ. Européenne de Bretagne, France
Equilibration and deformation of amorphous polystyrene: scale-jumping simulational approach

A polymer sample-preparation method (extended-chain condensation, ECC) based solely on molecular-dynamics simulations has been compared to a connectivity-altering Monte Carlo method (coarse-grained end-bridging, CGEB). Since the characteristic ratio for the CGEB samples is closer to the experimental value, ECC results in polymer structures that are too compact. The stress–strain relations are different in the strain-hardening regime. For CGEB samples, a stronger strain hardening is observed and the strain-hardening modulus is more realistic; for the CGEB polystyrene (PS) sample GR = 9 ± 1 MPa is found versus GR = 4 ± 2 MPa for the ECC samples. These differences have to be attributed to a steeper increase in the contributions to the total stress from bond- and dihedral angles for CGEB than for ECC samples.
The Gender Pay and Employment Gaps for Top Managers in U.S. Nonprofits

This paper examines the gender wage gap among managers of nonprofit organizations using newly collected detailed data on compensation of managers and accounting characteristics of nonprofits in the U.S. There are several main findings. First, women lead roughly nineteen percent of all nonprofit organizations in the sample. Second, on average, women who lead nonprofits earn roughly twenty percent less than men who lead nonprofits. Third, the fraction of nonprofits lead by women varies dramatically based on characteristics of the organization such as size (measured, for example, by income, revenue, or assets) or the “industry” of the organization. I find a generally negative relationship between the size of the nonprofit and the likelihood that a woman runs it. Finally, once even simple characteristics of the nonprofits are controlled for, the male -female salary gap in this sample of nonprofits is not significantly different from zero.
In Situ Observations of Microstructural Changes in SOFC Anodes during Redox Cycling

The anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) degrades when the anode is subjected to redox cycling. The degradation has qualitatively been related to microstructural changes in the nickel-yttria stabilized zirconia anode of the tested cells. In this work, the microstructural changes were observed in situ using environmental scanning electron microscopy. In the reduced state, a dynamic rounding of the nickel particles occurred. The oxide growth upon re-oxidation depended on the oxidation kinetics. During rapid oxidation, the NiO particles divided into 2-4 particles, which grew into the surrounding voids. For slower oxidation, an external oxide layer was seen to develop around the individual particles.
Relationship of the P Angle with Stereotactic Arc in Intraoperative Outcome of Patients with Parkinson’s Disease Undergoing Deep Brain Stimulation

Background & Aim: DBS (deep brain stimulation) is a new and successful technique in treatment of symptoms of Parkinsonism especially after drug resistance. Research in this field is mostly designed for evolution of this technique. The present study aimed at evaluating the relationship between the angle formed in midsagittal and STN (sub-thalamic nucleus) axis line and recording length in the final electrode placement. Methods & Materials/Patients: 46 patient candidates for DBS operation were studied in terms of demographic variables, STN nucleus length, the angle between midsagittal line and STN axis (p angle), the number of tested electrodes, force and length of final electrode registration and final coordinates of the placed electrode. The primary information was obtained from patients records and other technical information based on MRI imaging using Stereonata software and during surgery. The information were analyzed using SPSS (version 16) and descriptive analysis and linear relationship. Results: The mean force of the recording from trial microelectrodes implanted in the right side ranged from 1.49 ± 1.45 to 2.65 ± 1.42 and in the left side from 1.53 ± 1.35 to 2.65 ± 2.30. In comparative analysis, no significant statistical relationship was found between P angle of the right side and degree registered in the final electrode of the right side (Pearson correlation: 0.314, P value= 0.049). Conclusion: Not only accurate electrodes positioning in the STN can lead to improved outcome within bilateral STN DBS, but also optimizing defined P angle can have beneficial effects on intraoperative outcome after STN DBS.
Measurement of internal surfaces of additively manufactured parts by X-ray computed tomography

Recent advances in X-ray computed tomography (XCT) have allowed for measurement resolutions approaching the point where XCT can be used for measuring surface topography. These advances make XCT appealing for measuring hard-to-reach or internal surfaces, such as those often present in additively manufactured parts. To demonstrate the feasibility and potential of XCT for topography measurement, topography datasets obtained using two XCT systems are compared to those from more conventional non-contact optical surface measurement instruments. A hollow Ti6Al4V part produced by direct metal laser sintering is used as a measurement artefact. The artefact comprises two component halves that can be separated to expose the internal surfaces. Measured surface datasets are compared by various qualitative and quantitative means, including the computation of ISO 25178-2 areal surface texture parameters. Preliminary results show that XCT can provide surface information comparable with more conventional surface measurement technologies, thus representing a viable alternative to more conventional measurement, particularly appealing for hard-to-reach and internal surfaces.
Acetylation of Phenols, Anilines, and Thiols Using Silica Sulfuric Acid under Solvent-Free Conditions

Silica sulfuric acid was employed as a heterogeneous catalyst for the acetylation of a variety of phenols, amines, and thiols under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. Deactivated substrates also acetylated rapidly, and the method showed the preferential selectivity for acetylation of amino group in the presence of hydroxyl groupinwhich no C-acylation was observed.
An elastic net-regularized HMAX model of visual processing

The hierarchical MAX (HMAX) model of human visual system has been used in robotics and autonomous systems widely. However, there is still a stark gap between human and robotic vision in observing the environment and intelligently categorizing the objects. Therefore, improving models such as the HMAX is still topical. In this work, in order to enhance the performance of HMAX in an object recognition task, we augmented it using an elastic net-regularised dictionary learning approach. We used the notion of sparse coding in the S layers of the HMAX model to extract mid- and high-level, i.e. abstract, features from input images. In addition, we used spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) at the output of higher layers to create a fixed feature vectors before feeding them into a softmax classifier. In our model, the sparse coefficients calculated by the elastic net-regularised dictionary learning algorithm were used to train and test the model. With this setup, we achieved a classification accuracy of 82.6387%∓3.7183% averaged across 5-folds which is significantly better than that achieved with the original HMAX.
Analysis of Web Access Sequence Based on the Improved Prefix Span Algorithm

PrefixSpan is an important algorithm for sequential pattern mining algorithm, but it’s projected database cost more redundant memory and scan-time, so this paper present an improved PrefixSpan algorithm(IPS) which is based on PrefixSpan. IPS decreases the redundant memory and scan-time by abnegating the non-frequent items and projection database which sequential number is lower than minimum support. This paper applied IPS to web access sequence mining, by mining the web access records database to find frequent access sequence to provide reasonable suggestions for Web building.
CLASS OF GLYPHOSATE RESISTANCE GENES

Int. C. CI2N 15/82 (2006.01) C07K I4/45 (2006.01) CI2N 9/96 (2006.01) CI2N 9/10 (2006.01) U.S. C. CPC . CI2N 15/8247 (2013.01); C07K 14/415 (2013.01); C12N 9/1092 (2013.01); C12N 9/96 (2013.01); C12N 15/8209 (2013.01); CI2N 15/8221 (2013.01); C12N 15/8245 (2013.01); CI2N 15/8274 (2013.01); C12N 15/8275 (2013.01); C12N 15/8281 (2013.01); CI2N 15/8283 (2013.01); C12N 15/8286 (2013.01); C07K 2319/08 (2013.01) (58) Field of Classification Search None See application file for complete search history.
Efficient Processing of 3D Protein Structure Similarity Queries

The goal of this PhD work is to develop a solution to efficient 3D protein structure database searching in order to find matching sub-structures (motifs) for a query protein against proteins in the database. We present a vector representation for protein structures, where a motif is formed by the vectors within a region. We propose a structure representation model called motif signature. For a k-sized motif, its motif signature consists of 7k − 10 distances which can determine the motif’s spatial structure. A similarity measure of two motifs is then defined based on their motif signatures. To achieve fast motif matching in large protein databases, a match-and-expand strategy is proposed. Given a query motif, a set of small k-sized matching motifs, called candidate motifs, is generated in the match stage. The candidate motifs are further filtered by enlarging k in the expand stage. Our initial experimental results demonstrate encouraging performance. The future work for the remending two years of my research will include further enhancement of the current searching strategy via developing more effective filtering algorithms; larger scale experiments to determine appropriate size of k for the match stage; design of effective evaluation system; test and optimization some existing high-dimensional indexing and dimensionality reduction approaches. A timetable to complete these future work in the next two years is proposed. Chapter
Interhemispheric leakage of isotopically heavy nitrate in the eastern tropical Pacific during the last glacial period

denitrification zone while the Nicaragua site is at the southern boundary. The d 15 N record from Nicaragua shows an ‘‘Antarctic’’ timing similar to denitrification changes observed off Peru-Chile but is radically different from the northern records. We attribute this to the leakage of isotopically heavy nitrate from the South Pacific oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) into the Nicaragua Basin. The Nicaragua record leads the other eastern tropical North Pacific (ETNP) records by about 1000 years because denitrification peaks in the eastern tropical South Pacific (ETSP) before denitrification starts to increase in the Northern Hemisphere OMZ, i.e., during warming episodes in Antarctica. We find that the influence of the heavy nitrate leakage from the ETSP is still noticeable, although attenuated, in the Gulf of Tehuantepec record, particularly at the end of the Heinrich events, and tends to alter the recording of millennial timescale denitrification changes in the ETNP. This implies (1) that sedimentary d 15 N records from the southern parts of the ETNP cannot be used straightforwardly as a proxy for local denitrification and (2) that denitrification history in the ETNP, like in the Arabian Sea, is synchronous with Greenland temperature changes. These observations reinforce the conclusion that on millennial timescales during the last ice age, denitrification in the ETNP is strongly influenced by climatic variations that originated in the highlatitude North Atlantic region, while commensurate changes in Southern Ocean hydrography more directly, and slightly earlier, affected oxygen concentrations in the ETSP. Furthermore, the d 15 N records imply ongoing physical communication across the equator in the shallow subsurface continuously over the last 50–70 ka. Citation: Pichevin, L. E. , R. S. Ganeshram, S. Francavilla, E. Arellano-Torres, T. F. Pedersen, and L. Beaufort (2010), Interhemispheric leakage of isotopically heavy nitrate in the eastern tropical Pacific during the last glacial period, Paleoceanography, 25, PA1204, doi:10.1029/2009PA001754.
Using Concept Mapping to Enhance the Research Interview

In this paper the authors report the use of concept mapping as a means of summarizing interview transcripts in the study of the information-seeking behavior of employees in an organization. Concept mapping differs from traditional methods of textual coding for interview analysis by making underlying cognitive structures transparent and giving a focus to the sets of propositions by which individuals construct meaning. Concept map structure correlates with the perceived richness of interview data. They provide quick summaries of the interview quality and may help to identify topics for further probing to elicit new information. In this study rich interviews provide complex concept map structures, whereas less successful interviews provide simpler, spoke structures. Issues in using concept maps with research interviews are discussed, including use as a retrospective interview probe, as a check on evidence saturation, as a form of data display or as a form of creative coding.
Electronic Product Development with Kansei Engineering / Kansei Ergonomics

Successful products cannot be made with only ergonomic considerations, and Kansei engineering provides eloquent answers to the problems that arise. In this paper, we report Kansei ergonomics process of electronic products, shaver and washer-dryer from SANYO electronics. Both of the cases have ergonomic researches into detailed Kansei domain. New prototype of electric shaver has 80 degree bent head and shaped to pen grip. Electromyogram of fore arm and pressure to skin are both significantly lower. Washer-dryer has evaluated with subjective Kansei, working posture analysis and kinematic model. Control panel was also examined and improved. Research results of both projects have commercialized, and have got successes.