Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Sigma-Delta Modulator System Design with 1-1-1 Mash Structure

This paper designs a three cascaded sigma-delta modulator with using mash structure. Analysis of gain coefficient of each module and simulate the modulator for the behavioral level. In 0. 5μm CMOS process conditions, the input signal bandwidth is 20 kHz, oversampling rate is 256, SNR of the simulation model can get 100.5 dB, and accuracy is greater than 16 bit. Compared with other structures of the modulator, it has more stable and more dynamic range, so it can be applied to audio-frequency circuit.
Students’ Satisfaction with the University of Cape Coast Residential and Academic Experiences

The purpose of the study is to explore students’ satisfaction with the University of Cape Coast experience. The study adopted a sequential explanatory mixed-method design and used current students as the population of the study. A sample size of 420 students was used for the study. The study used questionnaires and focus group interview guides to obtain data from participants. The study used descriptive statistics and a thematic analysis approach to analyse the data obtained. The study revealed that students are less satisfied with residential services and attributed this to irregular water supply, unsanitary toilet and urinal facilities, congestion in student rooms. Furthermore, the study showed that students were less satisfied with some academic services. The study recommended that the leadership of departments, faculties and colleges need to review their curriculum with the approval of the Academic Board to enhance students’ practical experiences in their academic programmes.
Regionalization of Rainfall Regimes Using Hybrid RF-Bs Couple with Multivariate Approaches

Monthly precipitation data during the period of 1970 to 2019 obtained from the Meteorological, Climatological and Geophysical Agency database were used to analyze regionalized precipitation regimes in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. There were missing values in 52.6% of the data, which were handled by a hybrid random forest approach and bootstrap method (RF-Bs). The present approach addresses large missing values and also reduces the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) in the search for the optimum minimal value. Cluster analysis was used to classify stations or grid points into different rainfall regimes. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) of rainfall data reveal the pattern of behavior of the rainfall regime in a specific region by identifying homogeneous clusters. According to the HCA, four distinct and homogenous regions were recognized. Then, the principal component analysis (PCA) technique was used to homogenize the rainfall series and optimally reduce the long-term rainfall records into a few variables. Moreover, PCA was applied to monthly rainfall data in order to validate the results of the HCA analysis. On the basis of the 75% of cumulative variation, 14 factors for the Dry season and the Rainy season, and 12 factors for the Inter-monsoon season, were extracted among the components using varimax rotation. Consideration of different groupings into these approaches opens up new advanced early warning systems in developing recommendations on how to differentiate climate change adaptation- and mitigation-related policies in order to minimize the largest economic damage and taking necessary precautions when multiple hazard events occur.
Reconstructing the Natural Streamflow of a Regulated River: A Case Study of La Grande Rivière, Québec, Canada

The regulation of rivers by dams, diversions, and reservoirs leads to perturbed streamflow time series, making it difficult for hydrological studies to assess natural trends and variability in runoff. This case study applies a variation of Hirsch’s maintenance of variance extension (MOVE) method to reconstruct La Grande Rivière’s 1979-2004 natural streamflow. The 1960-2004 hydrometric data for the Eastmain River and Grande Rivière de la Baleine are summed and compared with the 1960-1978 pre-regulated runoff time series of La Grande Rivière. Statistical analyses reveal a reasonable Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) index (Ef = 0.58) and near 1:1 ratio between the standardized anomalies of the two river combination and La Grande Rivière’s 1960-1978 natural flow records. The accuracy of the proposed method is confirmed by the low error rates and a reasonably high NSE index (Ef = 0.64) exhibited between La Grande Rivière’s 1960-1978 observed and reconstructed monthly streamflow time series. Moreover, the reconstructed flows exhibit variability and a natural flow pattern that is indicative of nival rivers, whereas the 1984-2004 regulated flow rates from Hydro-Québec show minimal streamflow variability and a flattened annual hydrograph. Trend analyses (1960-2004) in total annual runoff reveal opposite trends from the Eastmain and Grande Rivière de la Baleine that offset each other to yield no trend when these two rivers are used to reconstruct La Grande Rivière’s streamflows. The methodology applied in this study is a reliable way to complete the hydrometric record of La Grande Rivière, making it more feasible for future studies to investigate the natural variations and possible effects of climatic forcings on the hydrological cycle of the regulated river.
A Simple Unity Power Factor Motor Drive for Home Appliances

This paper describes a low-power Switched Reluctance motor drive for home appliances featuring close to unity power factor and low cost. The proposed drive includes a compact Power Factor Controller input stage based on a quasiresonant boost topology. The converter structure is suitable for integration and allows one to develop an inexpensive chip implementing all the main functions required by such a drive. Experimental results on a prototype are presented to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed drive.
Fault observability analysis of analog circuits in frequency domain

We study the testability of analog circuits in the frequency domain by introducing the analog fault observability concept. The proposed algorithm indicates the set of adequate test frequencies and test nodes to increase fault observability. This approach combines a structural testing methodology with functionality verification to increase the test effectiveness and consequently the design manufacturability and reliability. We analyze the case of single fault, double, and multiple faults. Concepts such as fault masking, fault dominance, fault equivalence, and non observable fault in analog circuits are defined and then used to evaluate testability. The theoretical aspect is based on the sensitivity approach.
Effects of extensional flow and nanofiller incorporation on dispersed phase size in the blending of high‐viscosity‐ratio immiscible vinyl polymers

The influence of extensional strain and strain rate on dispersed phase size during blending of a dilute mixture of vinyl polymers, high‐density polyethylene in polystyrene, was examined; the viscosity ratio was substantially larger than four so that shearing was not expected to contribute to drop breakup. Coarse blends were formulated by employing an internal mixer, and these blends were processed through different converging dies attached to the outlet of a capillary viscometer. Variables included the die geometry and the volumetric flow rate. Average dispersed phase sizes were determined by analyzing scanning electron micrographs of sections of strands leaving the viscometer, and it was found that extensional flow was very effective in reducing the dispersed phase size. Coarse blends were also formulated by separately incorporating nanoparticles of hydrophobic fumed silica as well as hydrophilic fumed silica in the blends at a 4 wt% nanofiller level. This resulted in a significant reduction in drop size compared to the previous value; this was likely the result of lowered drop coalescence. These nanoparticle‐containing blends were also subjected to extensional flow, and this resulted in a further reduction in the average dispersed phase size. However, the final result was only slightly better than that obtained previously with the help of extensional flow alone. This suggests the use of nanoparticle incorporation along with employing extensional flow when the presence of nanoparticles provides multifunctionality to the resulting blend.
Ultrabroadband photonic internet: safety aspects

Web applications became most popular medium in the Internet. Popularity, easiness of web application frameworks together with careless development results in high number of vulnerabilities and attacks. There are several types of attacks possible because of improper input validation. SQL injection is ability to execute arbitrary SQL queries in a database through an existing application. Cross-site scripting is the vulnerability which allows malicious web users to inject code into the web pages viewed by other users. Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) is an attack that tricks the victim into loading a page that contains malicious request. Web spam in blogs. There are several techniques to mitigate attacks. Most important are web application strong design, correct input validation, defined data types for each field and parameterized statements in SQL queries. Server hardening with firewall, modern security policies systems and safe web framework interpreter configuration are essential. It is advised to keep proper security level on client side, keep updated software and install personal web firewalls or IDS/IPS systems. Good habits are logging out from services just after finishing work and using even separate web browser for most important sites, like e-banking.
Sistem Informasi E-Smile (Elektronic Service Mobile) (Studi Kasus: Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kabupaten Tulang Bawang)

Abstrak DISDUKCAPIL Tulang Bawang adalah instansi pemerintahan yang menangani data administrasi kependudukan seperti permohonan pembuatan KTP dan Permohonan pembuatan KK namun pengolahan pengajuan yang dilakukan cara manual; mengisi formulir pengajuan menggunakan kertas membuat permohonan mengisi formulirnya menjadi lama, hal ini memperlambat pelayanan, resiko pengisian formulir tidak benar, dan tulisan yang ditulis tidak terbaca oleh staff DISDUKCAPIL akan menyulitkan dan memperlambat proses penambahan data atau penginputan data pada komputer yang masih menggunakan aplikasi pengolah kata ( Microsoft Word ) yang menyebabkan proses semakin lama. Permasalahan lain mengenai media form keluhan masyarakat yang belum ada. Maka dari permasalahan tersebut penulis sangat tertarik melakukan penelitian serta mengembangkan sistem informasi E-Smile untuk meningkatkan pelayanan pada Dinas Kependudukan Dan Pencatatan Sipil Kabupaten Tulang Bawang. Dengan pengembangan sistem E-Smile membantu mengelola data administrasi pengajuan pembuatan KTP dan KK dengan lebih efisien dan efektif, proses pelayanan lebih cepat, selain itu resiko yang terjadi ketika tulisan yang ditulis tidak terbaca tidak terjadi lagi karena sistem sudah dilakukan secara terkomputerisasi, serta sistem yang telah dikembangkan mampu menjadi media untuk menerima keluhan dari penduduk Tulang Bawang. Kata Kunci: sistem informasi, pengajuan pembuatan KTP dan KK, mobile, prototype .
Numerical analysis of an H4a heavy containment level transition

It is fact that European highway safety personnel are not aware of the significance of transition barriers. As a result, most countries do not use transition designs on their highways. On the other hand, the ones that are currently in use lack adequate detailing and do not provide the required level of protection during a collision event. In this paper, the impact performance of a standard US flared-back guardrail-to-bridge rail transition is evaluated using a 30,000 kg heavy goods vehicle according to European EN1317 test TB71 requirements. A highly acceptable and versatile non-linear finite element code, LS-DYNA, is used for the analysis. Simulation results show that the transition fails to contain the vehicle. The vehicle overrides the transition due to insufficient rail height. To upgrade the impact performance of the transition to H4a, high containment level, an additional rail element was added to the current design to increase the rail height from 810 mm to 1050 mm. Subsequent simulation results show that the modified transition design meets the EN1317 test TB71 requirements. It is therefore recommended that the current US standard flared back guardrail-to-bridge rail transition design should have a minimum of 1050 mm rail height to satisfy European crash testing guidelines for H4a, heavy containment level transition.
Relationship between Foot Position and Lumbar Loads while Turning Patients on a Bed: An Investigation via Computational Simulation and Electromyography

Caregivers have lower back pain (LBP) since they must reposition patients in bed frequently. Thus, the low lumbar load posture for turning patients should be explored. In this study, we focused on foot position because it can be easily adjusted to reduce back pain. The hypothesis was that short anteroposterior foot distance could reduce lumbar loads because closer position to patient made smaller moments. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between foot position and lumbar loads while turning patients on beds. Furthermore, we compared compression stresses of L4–L5 via computational simulation and erector spinae muscle activities obtained from electromyography (EMG) in nine foot positions. The results showed that short anteroposterior foot distance reduced lumbar loads while turning a patient on a bed.
Retrospective and current trend of wild‐cat trade in Peru

Several species of wild cats are threatened with extinction due to habitat loss, persecution or retaliatory killing by humans as a result of real or perceived livestock depredation, and illegal trade. The trade of individuals or their parts has been a recurring threat over the years, especially prior to the establishment of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) in 1975. We assessed the extent of trade of wild cats in Peru (eight species) using export records available from 1946 to 1973, before the establishment of CITES and after the implementation of CITES using confiscation data available for 2001–2020. The ocelot and the jaguar were the most exploited species for their skins in the pre‐CITES period, with 228,376 and 17,301 individuals, respectively; as well as post‐CITES, although at significantly lower levels, with 67 individuals and 107 body parts, and 27 individuals and 99 body parts, respectively. Post‐CITES trade, however, shows an increasing trend for the jaguar and all wild cat species. Currently in Peru, the illegal wildlife trade is considered opportunistic, but its impact on wild populations has not been properly documented. We recommend improving knowledge regarding population status of wild cats to inform conservation status, and to increase efforts to reduce illegal trade at both national and regional level.
Worldwide sourcing planning at Solutia's glass interlayer products division

This article describes the realisation of an optimisation project by a global chemical manufacturer with the objective of developing and implementing a supply chain coordination tool. After a presentation of the current supply chain and the challenges faced by Solutia prior to the optimisation project, we provide an overview of the mathematical model depicting the company's worldwide production network. We then provide an insight into the lessons learned by both the optimisation team and supply chain managers. In addition to the financial benefits, the project contributed to the structuring of scattered knowledge throughout a complex supply chain. We also address the shortcomings of ERP systems when it comes to providing reliable planning data and, in this context, draw parallels between optimisation and software development projects.
Challenges in Winding Design and Thermal Calculations: Physical Model of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine

Interest in multilayer windings is increasing with the application of the hairpin winding technology to the manufacturing of electrical machines. Therefore, the four-layer fractional slot concentrated winding is used for the initial design of the machine in this paper. The proposed physical model of the machine uses winding with a relatively high number of turns which is inappropriate to hairpin winding. Therefore the round-wire winding is created and the three-layer winding is derived and analyzed including the effect on the slot leakage inductance. The thermal analysis is then applied to the physical model of the machine to evaluate the slot-related thermal properties of the slot and the whole machine. The measurement is compared with the finite element analysis (FEA) and the equivalent slot thermal conductivity and heat transfer coefficients of the stator and rotor are obtained.
Extrinsic Anisotropy of Two‐Phase Newtonian Aggregates: Fabric Characterization and Parameterization

Rocks of the Earth's crust and mantle commonly consist of different minerals with contrasting mechanical properties. During progressive, high‐temperature (ductile) deformation, these rocks develop extrinsic mechanical anisotropy linked to strain partitioning between different minerals, amount of accumulated strain, and bulk strain geometry. Extrinsic anisotropy plays an important role in a wide range of geodynamic processes up to the scale of mantle convection. However, the evolution of grain‐ and rock‐scale fabrics causing this anisotropy cannot be directly simulated in large‐scale numerical simulations. For two‐phase aggregates–a good rheological approximation of most Earth's rocks–we propose a method to indirectly approximate the extrinsic viscous anisotropy by combining (a) 3D mechanical models of rock fabrics, and (b) analytical effective medium theories. Our results confirm that weak inclusions induce substantial weakening by forming a network of weak thin layers with limited lateral connectivity. Consequently, even when the inclusion phase is extremely weak, structural weakening is not larger than 30–60%, less than in previous estimates. On the other hand, the presence of strong inclusions does not have a profound impact on the effective strength of the aggregate, and lineated fabrics only develop at relatively low viscosity contrasts. When rigid inclusions become clogged, however, the aggregate viscosity can increase over the theoretical upper bound. We show that the modeled grain‐scale fabrics can be parameterized as a function of the bulk deformation and material phase properties and combined with analytical solutions to approximate the anisotropic viscous tensor.
How China institutional changes influence industry development? The case of TD-SCDMA industrialization

China's science and technology progress had drawn much attention these years, including 15-year MLP that promote indigenous innovation. That is, China government attempts to encourage domestic firms conducting RD but after year 2009, (2) how the institutional changes have initiated to encourage the networking of TD-SCDMA supply chain to produce handset products. Through secondary data collection and interview, we clarify the interaction effect between China state-SOE vertical relationship and SOE-network horizontal relationship, to demonstrate how institutional changes turn TD-SCDMA industrialization around. Our main argument is that China state has undergone institutional learning and adaptation; hence, it prompt firm-level R&D as well as the formation of supply chain of TD-SCDMA mobile terminal industry.
A 12V-to-1V switched-capacitor-assisted hybrid converter with dual-path charge conduction and zero-voltage switching

This paper proposes a direct 12V-to-1V hybrid converter using a switched-capacitor-assisted (SCA) topology, featuring dual-path output current conduction to lower the inductor current. In contrast to the existing dual-path structures, the proposed topology realizes a high step-down conversion with efficiency improvement in heavy-load conditions. Besides, the converter further achieves an efficiency boost in light-load conditions using zero-voltage switching. Designed in a 180-nm SOI BCD process, the proposed converter regulates an output of 0.7~1.3V from a 12-V input with a peak efficiency of 92%. Under a loading current of 2A, it attains an efficiency over 84% at the 1-V output. Compared with the conventional buck, it achieves an improvement of 9.8% in peak efficiency and 13.6% in maximum-loading efficiency.
Standardized Reporting Needed to Improve Accuracy of Flaring Data

Gas flaring represents a large waste of a natural resource for energy production and is a significant source of greenhouses gases to the atmosphere. The World Bank estimates annual flared gas volumes of 150 billion cubic meters, based upon a conversion of remotely sensed radiant heat data from the NOAA’s VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) instrument onboard the polar-orbiting Suomi NPP satellite. However, the conversion of the remotely sensed radiant heat measurements into flared gas volumes currently depends on flare operator reported volumes, which can be biased in various ways due to inconsistent reporting requirements. Here, I discuss both known and unknown biases in the datasets, using them to illustrate the current lack of accuracy in the widely discussed flaring numbers. While volume trends over time could be derived directly from the radiant heat data, absolute amounts remain questionable. Standardizing how flared gas volumes are measured and reported could dramatically improve accuracy. In addition, I suggest expanding satellite measurements of individual flares burning under controlled conditions as a major improvement to daily monitoring, alongside the potential usage of remotely sensed flare temperature to estimate combustion efficiency.
Periodic boundary conditions for finite element analysis of infinite phased array antennas

The finite element method (FEM) has been used to solve for the active reflection coefficient of planar phased arrays. One of the key features of the solution is a periodic boundary condition applied to the three-dimensional FEM mesh to represent periodicity in two directions (including skewed grids), thereby satisfying the Floquet condition. This paper presents the formalism for the periodicity condition, and shows some example calculations for illustrative purposes.
Flexible and Wearable Hybrid RF and Solar Energy Harvesting System

In this article, we demonstrate a flexible and wearable hybrid radio frequency (RF) and solar energy harvesting system for powering wearable electronic devices. The system consists of a flexible transparent antenna, a flexible transparent rectifying circuit and an amorphous silicon solar cell. By utilizing transparent stacked structure, the rectenna and solar cell can provide more hybrid output power to accommodate more application scenarios. The flexible transparent antenna shows two impedance matching bandwidth of 3.5-3.578 GHz and 4.79-5.09 GHz, covering n78/n79 5th generation (5G) communication frequency band and 5 GHz WiFi frequency band. At the frequency of 3.5 GHz, the flexible transparent rectifying circuit achieves a high RF-to-DC conversion efficiency of 54.67% at 13 dBm RF input power. In the room with a light intensity of 210 lux, compared with a single solar cell, the hybrid energy harvesting system can obtain an additional 35.6%-769.5% output power when the RF source power is varied from 4 dBm to 10 dBm. These results demonstrate that the proposed flexible and wearable RF-solar energy harvester can provide reliable electric power supply, which can be a potential candidate for powering wearable electronic devices, distributed sensors and IOT devices.