Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in PM2.5 peat combustion source profiles with atmospheric aging in an oxidation flow reactor

Abstract. Smoke from laboratory chamber burning of peat fuels from Russia, Siberia, the USA (Alaska and Florida), and Malaysia representing boreal, temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions was sampled before and after passing through a potential-aerosol-mass oxidation flow reactor (PAM-OFR) to simulate intermediately aged (∼2 d) and well-aged (∼7 d) source profiles. Species abundances in PM2.5 between aged and fresh profiles varied by several orders of magnitude with two distinguishable clusters, centered around 0.1 % for reactive and ionic species and centered around 10 % for carbon. Organic carbon (OC) accounted for 58 %–85 % of PM2.5 mass in fresh profiles with low elemental carbon (EC) abundances (0.67 %–4.4 %). OC abundances decreased by 20 %–33 % for well-aged profiles, with reductions of 3 %–14 % for the volatile OC fractions (e.g., OC1 and OC2, thermally evolved at 140 and 280 ∘C). Ratios of organic matter (OM) to OC abundances increased by 12 %–19 % from intermediately aged to well-aged smoke. Ratios of ammonia (NH3) to PM2.5 decreased after intermediate aging. Well-aged NH4+ and NO3- abundances increased to 7 %–8 % of PM2.5 mass, associated with decreases in NH3, low-temperature OC, and levoglucosan abundances for Siberia, Alaska, and Everglades (Florida) peats. Elevated levoglucosan was found for Russian peats, accounting for 35 %–39 % and 20 %–25 % of PM2.5 mass for fresh and aged profiles, respectively. The water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) fractions of PM2.5 were over 2-fold higher in fresh Russian peat (37.0±2.7 %) than in Malaysian (14.6±0.9 %) peat. While Russian peat OC emissions were largely water-soluble, Malaysian peat emissions were mostly water-insoluble, with WSOC ∕ OC ratios of 0.59–0.71 and 0.18–0.40, respectively. This study shows significant differences between fresh and aged peat combustion profiles among the four biomes that can be used to establish speciated emission inventories for atmospheric modeling and receptor model source apportionment. A sufficient aging time (∼7 d) is needed to allow gas-to-particle partitioning of semi-volatilized species, gas-phase oxidation, and particle volatilization to achieve representative source profiles for regional-scale source apportionment.
Biodegradation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls by Lysinibacillus macrolides and Bacillus firmus Isolated from Contaminated Soil

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) cause many significant ecological problems because of their low degradability, high harmfulness, and solid bioaccumulation.Two bacterial strains were isolated from soil that had been polluted with electrical transformer liquid for more than 40 years. The isolates were distinguished as Lysinibacillus macrolides DSM54Tand Bacillus firmus NBRC15306Tthrough 16S rRNA sequencing analysis.This is the primary report of an agent of the genus Bacillus firmus equipped for the removal of PCBs. The strains could develop broadly on 2-Chlorobiphenyl and 2,4dichlorobiphenyl. GC/MS analysis of individual congeners revealed up to 80% degradation of the xenobiotics in 96h, attendant with cell proliferation of up to two orders of extent. More extensive investigation of the isolates may be helpful in surveying detoxification forms and in planning bioremediation and bioaugmentation strategies. doi: 10.5829/ije.2019. 32.05b. 01
Sixth International Conference on Sensitivity Analysis of Model Output Importance Measures on Networks

In this paper the importance of network components is analyzed by combining sensitivity techniques and several network performance functions, like the shortest-route problem or the maximum-flow problem. The uncertainty of each network component is modeled by a known probabilistic distribution. Hence the network performance is considered as a nondeterministic variable and in turn, the sensitivity analysis allows ranking the importance of each element. An example related to different importance measures in a network illustrates the approach.
Efficacy of reduced glutathione in preventing and treating neurotoxicity of oxaliplatin

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of reduced glutathione in preventing and treating neurotoxicity of oxaliplatin.Methods Sixty-eight patients receiving chemotherapy with oxaliplatin were randomly divided into two groups.One day before chemotherapy with oxaliplatin,the prevention and treatment group received 250ml 5% glucose injection added with 3000 mg reduced glutathione intravenously every day for 3 days.Control group only received symptomatic treatment.Results The incidence rate of neurotoxicity in prevention and treatment group was 34.3%(12/35),while that in control group was 81.8%(27/33)(P0.01). Conclusions Reduced glutathione has good efficacy in preventing and treating neurotoxicity of oxaliplatin,so it is one of the methods to prevent and treat neurotoxicity of oxaliplatin.
TRIDIMENSIONAL (3D) MODELING OF TRUNKS AND COMMERCIAL LOGS OF Tectona grandis L.f.

The development and application of technological innovations have been some of the main focuses of the productive sectors. One technological innovation that has been gaining prominence is the three-dimensional modeling (3D) of inventory and forest planning activities. In this study, it was possible to assess the accuracy of three-dimensional scanning of trunks of Tectona grandis L.f. by digital photogrammetry by using photos taken with a smartphone. The study was carried out in a Teak plantation of 46.54 ha. Systematic sampling by plots was used. Based on the diametric distribution of the stand, thirty trees were selected for the three-dimensional scanning procedure by the Close to Range technique. After three-dimensional scanning, each tree was scaled by the Smalian method and sectioned into 2.35 meters long logs for assessment using the xylometer method. The thirty trees resulted in 121 logs that had their volumes measured using the xylometer. Using three-dimensional modeling, it was possible to model and measure the volume of 71 logs in classes A (0.10 to 2.45), B (2.45 to 4.80), and C (4.80 to 7.15). The trunk of the trees could not be modeled for all trees at the highest heights because of the quality of the cloud of data points. Records that could not be entirely modeled (2.35 meters) were ignored. The cubing methods were compared by the paired t-test. Therefore, it was possible to model lower logs (0.10 m to 2.45 m) more accurately than by using the traditional Smalian method, with a one-meter interval between sections.
Unsupervised Answer Pattern Acquisition

The paper presents an unsupervised learning algorithm to learn answer pattern for answer extraction module of Chinese Question Answering(QA). Given two or more questions of one question type,the algorithm can learn the corresponding answer patterns from internet via web search,topic segmentation,pattern extraction,vertical clustering and horizontal clustering,etc.The experimental results show that the performance of pattern-based answer extraction of Chinese QA is improved significantly.
Les enjeux cognitifs et stylistiques de l'organisation hypertextuelle : le Lieu, Le Lien, Le Livre

L'enjeu de ce doctorat est de montrer comment la perception et les pratiques liees a la figure de l'hypertexte permettent d'entrevoir de profonds bouleversements dans notre rapport a l'ecrit (document numerique, nouveaux genres litteraires, textualite renouvelee), a l'organisation de la connaissance, ainsi qu'a la maniere dont s'agregent, se constituent, se developpent et se transforment les differents types de rapport au reel presents dans toute organisation sociale reticulee. L'analyse critique de ces transformations nous permet de preciser comment se met progressivement en place une nouvelle ecologie cognitive, en quoi elle est rendue necessaire, et quels sont les outils (typologie englobante des processus de liaison entre entites) et les pratiques sociales emergentes qui la fondent. Dans notre premier chapitre, nous faisons d'abord un point sur les effets deja mesurables de l'organisation hypertextuelle dans le rapport a l'ecrit pour isoler les transformations cognitives occasionnees par ce nouveau support, pour isoler egalement la nouvelle organisation des structures traditionnelles de l'enonciation dans le processus de communication (rapports auteur-lecteur, agencements collectifs d'enonciation). Nous concluons par une typologie des nouveaux genres hypertextuels (lies notamment a l'utilisation de generateurs) et sur le statut litteraire de ces productions. Notre second chapitre aborde les aspects plus « theoriques » de l'organisation hypertextuelle au travers de l'etude systematique de ses procedes de liaison. Apres un etat de l'art de la question, nous definissons une typologie englobante des liens hypertextuels prenant en compte leurs aspects informatiques, les structures rhetoriques et formelles qui les sous-tendent et les differents types de rapport entre ces « entites-liens » autorisant a qualifier differentes organisations hypertextuelles. Sur tous ces points, les propositions formulees dans ce travail devront permettre d'ameliorer les pratiques de navigation et de reduire certains effets lies (surcharge cognitive, desorientation). Notre troisieme chapitre montre que ce que ces liens revelent du fonctionnement de la pensee humaine (mode essentiellement associatif) est en train de changer la maniere dont les systemes et les organisations sociales se constituent et se developpent, en mettant en place, de maniere effective, des artefacts et de processus habituellement implicites et dont l'enjeu sera, pour le chercheur, d'accompagner le passage a l'explicite. Ce dernier chapitre s'appuie sur le dispositif experimental FoRSIC et l'utilisation qu'il fait de differents types ontologiques, ce dernier etant caracteristique des ces nouveaux rapports au savoir que notre travail essaie de qualifier plus que de quantifier.
Hand Parameters and Walking Stick Design: A Case Study among Elderly Malaysian

According to the World Bank, in 2015, the elderly population reaches 8.5% of the world's population. This number grows at 0.13% per annum. In Malaysia, the growth reaches 0.2% of this population annually. Assistive tools such as a walking stick to support the elderly people have become necessary. However, much uncertainty still exists about the relation between the walking stick design and the Malaysian elderly. The objectives of the study were to measure hand dimension and hand grip strength of Malaysian elderly and to relate the hand dimension with the walking sticks being used. There were 50 Malaysian elderly participated in this study and three designs of walking stick available in the market were tested. The first design (handle A) was round and padded, the second design (handle B) was rectangular curve and the third design (Handle C) was round curve. Statistical analysis between hand size and hand surface area shows a linear relationship with R 2 = 54% and significant with p-value < 0.05. As for the relationship between the contact area of stick handle and hand size, a linear relationship was found with R 2 = 53.3% for handle A, R 2 = 46.5% for handle B, and R 2 = 36.6% for handle C. This study concluded that the walking stick with high contact area provides better grip and comfort.
Impervious Surface Estimation From Optical and Polarimetric SAR Data Using Small-Patched Deep Convolutional Networks: A Comparative Study

Incorporating optical and polarimetric synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) data to estimate impervious surface is useful but challenging due to their different geometric imaging mechanism and the high diversity of urban land covers. The recent development of deep convolutional networks (DCN) opens a promising opportunity by automatically extracting the deep features from both data sets. In this study, a small-patched DCN (SDCN) was designed to estimate the impervious surface from optical and SAR data. Benchmark methods, e.g., GoogLeNet, VGG16, ResNet50, and the support vector machine were employed for comparison. Two study sites in the most complex metropolitan of China, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area, were selected to assess the proposed method. Experimental results indicated the effectiveness of proposed SDCN with a better accuracy outperforming other benchmark methods. Furthermore, we found that 60%–80% of training samples performed comparably with the whole training set, indicating that a large number of training samples may not be necessary in all cases, depending on the settings of some factors (e.g., number of epochs). Generally, SDCN appears more suitable than other methods in terms of combining the optical and SAR data and improved the accuracy of estimating impervious surface.
DESIGN OF AN EDUCATIONAL SIMULATION PROGRAM USING DIGITAL VIDEO PROCESSING TO DETERMINE THE THERMAL EXPANSION OF MATERIALS

The present report describes the realization of an educational simulation program to determine the amount of linear thermal expansion in experimental materials. An interferogram signal derived from an interferometric measurement system was modeled as a video signal in a computer environment. A simulation program was designed from the model signal in order to detect the amount of expansion in materials. The simulation program determined the amount of to heat by detecting the number of fringes in interferogram video signals of the material. This simulation program facilitated experimental studies in academic institutions which are deprived of interferometric measurement systems.
Mitochondrial superoxide increase is essential for Caenorhabditis elegans against Enterococcus faecalis infection

Enterococcus faecalis infection can cause serious diseases including cancer development.Recently it has been reported that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) are required for host immune defenses against bacteria and many mutations in mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) genes have an effect on mROS production. To identify the exact role of mROS during E. faecalis infection, we thus decide to knockdown the expression of mev-1 and isp-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans using RNAi. The knockdown of mev-1 and isp-1 causes increased susceptibility and increased resistance to E. faecalis infection, respectively. The mev-1(RNAi) can also down-regulate antimicrobial genes (C17H12.8, mtl-1 and bli-3), whereas these antimicrobial genes are up-regulated in isp-1(RNAi) animals after bacterial infection. Further, significant increase of mitochondrial superoxide and mitochondrial sod expressions have been observed in isp-1(RNAi) animals. Conversely, the mev-1(RNAi) worms show a decrease of mitochondrial superoxide and mitochondrial sod expressions. Prooxidant paraquat, which is a mitochondrial superoxide generator, can increase survival rate of mev-1(RNAi) animals after E. faecalis infection. All together, the enhancement of mitochondrial superoxide contributes to anti-bacterial immunity and a better knowledge of them should open new avenues for preventive strategies against bacterial infection and also limiting the development of infection-associated cancer.
Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

Hyperglycemia is a common and costly health care problem in hospitalized patients. In hospital hyperglycemia is defined as any glucose value >7.8 mmol/l (140 mg/dl). Hyperglycemia is present in 40% of critically ill patients and in up to 80% of patients after cardiac surgery, with w 80% of ICU patients with hyperglycemia having no history of diabetes prior to admission. The risk of hospital complications relates to the severity of hyperglycemia, with a higher risk observed in patients without a history of dia
Review on Reliable Pattern Recognition with Machine Learning Techniques

ABSTRACT The primary goal of pattern recognition is supervised or unsupervised classification. Among the various frameworks in which pattern recognition has been traditionally formulated, the statistical approach has been most intensively studied and used in practice. More recently, neural network techniques and methods imported from statistical learning theory have deserved increasing attention. The design of a recognition system requires careful attention to the following issues: definition of pattern classes, sensing environment, pattern representation, feature extraction and selection, cluster analysis, classifier design and learning, selection of training and test samples and performance evaluation. The general problem of recognising complex pattern with arbitrary patterns with arbitrary orientation, location and scale remains unsolved. New and emerging application, such as data mining, web searching, retrieval of multimedia data, face recognition and cursive handwriting recognition, require robust and efficient pattern recognition techniques. The objective of this review paper is to summarise and review some of the well-known methods used in various stages of a pattern recognition system and identify research topics and applications which are at the forefront of this exciting and challenging field. In the literature, Pattern recognition frameworks have been drawn closer by different machine learning strategies. This part reviews 33 related examinations in the period between 2014 and 2017.
BALANCE ENERGÉTICO DE LOS ESTADIOS LARVARIOS DE CAMARÓN BLANCO (LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI, BOONE) CON LA DIETA TRADICIONAL Y CON OTRA NO TRADICIONAL

The growth of organisms maintained in a given environmental situation can be measured directly by long-term tests, or estimated with the energy balance of the different phases of their life cycle determined with short-term experiments, which have the additional advantage that This type of tests allows to determine the efficiency with which organisms use their diet and the percentages of absorbed energy that channel their metabolism and their growth. The development of aquaculture depends on the availability of juveniles of adequate quality for planting in the fattening systems, which are grown in specialized laboratories. In particular, the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamel is the most important species for Mexican shrimp farming and their larvae are cultivated using as food macroalgae, mainly Chaetoceros spp. , for the three stages of zoea, and nauplii of Artemia complemented with this same micro alga for the three following sub-stages of mysis, but the energy balance of their larval development is unknown, which could also serve to verify if Artemia nauplii, whose availability constitutes a bottleneck for this activity, can be replaced by other types of prey.
Validation of an Inverse Fitting Method of Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy to Quantify Multi-Layered Skin Optical Properties

Skin consists of epidermis and dermis layers that have distinct optical properties. The quantification of skin optical properties is commonly achieved by modeling photon propagation in tissue using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and iteratively fitting experimentally measured diffuse reflectance spectra. In order to speed up the inverse fitting process, time-consuming MC simulations have been replaced by artificial neural networks to quickly calculate reflectance spectra given tissue geometric and optical parameters. In this study the skin was modeled to consist of three layers and different scattering properties of the layers were considered. A new inverse fitting procedure was proposed to improve the extraction of chromophore-related information in the skin, including the hemoglobin concentration, oxygen saturation and melanin absorption. The performance of the new inverse fitting procedure was evaluated on 40 sets of simulated spectra. The results showed that the fitting procedure without knowing the epidermis thickness extracted chromophore information with accuracy similar to or better than fitting with known epidermis thickness, which is advantageous for practical applications due to simpler and more cost-effective instruments. In addition, the melanin volume fraction multiplied by the thickness of the melanin-containing epidermis layer was estimated more accurately than the melanin volume fraction itself. This product has the potential to provide a quantitative indicator of melanin absorption in the skin. In-vivo cuff occlusion experiments were conducted and skin optical properties extracted from the experiments were comparable to the results of previously reported in vivo studies. The results of the current study demonstrated the applicability of the proposed method to quantify the optical properties related to major chromophores in the skin, as well as scattering coefficients of the dermis. Therefore, it has the potential to be a useful tool for quantifying skin optical properties in vivo.
A Block Placement Algorithm for VLSI Cricuits

A block placement algorithm for VLSI circuits is proposed. The circuits may contain both hard and soft modules. The algorithm uses simulated annealing framework based on the sequence pair representation. Because a soft module may have many possible shapes, so it will take long time to find a good solution in simulated annealing method. We proposed a method which finds four candidates of module shape to be chosen in a simulated annealing process for each module. These candidates provide a better choice toward local optimal packing. We combine our method with a fast sequence pair evaluation algorithm[1]and keep the same time complexity O(nlogn)of a sequence pair evaluation. During the simulated annealing process, it either chooses to rotate/change the shape of one module or to swap the modules in the sequence pair. We have implemented this algorithm. For all MCNC benchmark soft module floorplanning problems, we have obtained more compact floorplan with much less run time compared to a previous work[2]. For example, the MCNC benchmark ami49,our algorithm obtained 0.48%of dead space in 142 seconds using a 440 MHZ Ultra 10 workstation. The previous work based on Lagrangian relaxation approach obtained 7.7% of dead space and 2354 seconds using a600MHZ Pentium Ⅲ processor.
Numerical Multiparticle Tracking Studies on Coupled-Bunch Instabilities in the Presence of RF Phase Modulation

In this paper, a numerical simulation code is presented which is capable of tracking particles through a circular accelerator under the influence of RF phase modulation and with narrow band wake fields giving rise to coupled-bunch instabilities. RF phase modulation enhances the stability of the beam by adding additional Landau damping suppressing the excitation of coupled-bunch effects. The code combines the usual concept of using rigid macroparticles representing bunches to calculate coupled-bunch effects with a multiparticle approach to calculate phase modulation effects. The basic concept and the mathematical basis are shown together with a study that determines the dependency of coupledbunch growth rates on the RF phase modulation amplitude. The results show a quadratic correlation, which is in good agreement with experimental results obtained at DELTA.
Infrared Dim Target Detection Using Morphology-Based Method

In order to reduce the false alarm rate of infrared dim target detection under the complex background,this paper proposes a detection method that combines the high frequency-emphasized filtering with morphology Top-hat operator,based on analyzing the target’s features,where the infrared image is filtered with high frequency-emphasis,improving the image contrast;the background is filtered via Top-hat transform,the SNR is boosted by using Gamma transform,the possible target is detected by using threshold segmentation,and the target is finally determined by processing of sequence image,forming steady track.The simulation results show that the proposed method can detect more accurately the target whose SNR is not less than 2,with lower false alarm rate,compared to the single Top-hat transform.