Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A characterization of a new value and an existing value for cooperative games with levels structure of cooperation

The extension of banking activities during the XIX century was mainly leaded by certain social groups related to commerce, which took profit from their experience and knowledge to spread their influence among the credit world. In the Spanish historiography, there are some works specifically focused on these people, but very few of them make a classification of the economic groups who led the financial modernization of Spain along the mid 19 century. The main objective of our work is the analysis of the social group which constituted the Banco de Barcelona between 1844 and 1854. This institution was as important for the financial and banking history of Spain as a pioneer in their credit an issue activity; moreover its experience served as a base for the constitution of the modern Spanish financial system. In a society like the Catalan in mid 19 century, the confidence is an important factor to explain the investment. The appearance of new companies and its investment requirements transformed the previous guidelines. How was the behaviour of the potential investments? Did a powerful investing group grow around the bank and ascended economically throughout the central years of the 19 century? The result shows how de members of the board administration of the Banco de Barcelona, were concentred in some of the groups of the whole of the Catalan economy.
Controllability of Hilfer Fractional Differential Systems with Non-Dense Domain

Abstract In this paper, some exact controllability results are investigated for an integral solution of a non-densely defined abstract fractional differential system involving Hilfer fractional derivative. We tend to implement semigroup theory, fractional calculus, and measure of noncompactness to obtain the main results by fixed point technique. Finally, an application is given to illustrate the obtained results.
Replacing Loss Functions And Target Representations For Adversarial Defense

Recent works have shown that neural networks are susceptible to adversarial data, despite demonstrating high performance across various tasks. Hence, there is a growing need to develop techniques that make neural networks more robust against attacks given their increasingly frequent applications in real-life use cases. In this work, we propose simple techniques for adversarial defense, namely: (1) changing the loss function from cross entropy to mean-squared error, (2) representing targets as codewords generated from random codebooks, and (3) using an autoencoder to filter noisy logits before the final activation layer. Our experiments on CIFAR-10 using the DenseNet model have shown that these techniques can help prevent targeted attacks as well as improve classification accuracy on adversarial data generated in a white-box or black-box setting.
CLASSIFICATION OF ADVANCED MUTATION OPERATORS OF C# LANGUAGE

Mutation testing can be used to evaluate the quality of test suites and support generating of test cases. Faults injected in mutation testing are defined by mutation operators. Mutation testing is a laborious approach; therefore selection of good mutation operators is of high importance. In this chapter the experimental and analytical investigation on object-oriented and other advanced mutation operators applied for C# programs are summarized. According to experimental results, object-oriented operators have a real added value in comparison to traditional mutation operators. A classification of about thirty advanced mutation operators is presented, according to an expected number of generated mutants, prediction about ability to being killed and tendency to create non-equivalent mutants. The judgment about the mutant equivalence is very costly and such mutants cannot be used for assessment of tests. Operators that create many mutants killed easily by any test operators are also not useful in qualification of tests. The paper introduces three metrics based on the number of generated mutants, killed mutants and equivalent mutants, to classify mutation operators. Using the metrics the operators are classified into general categories. The presented results could be used in the further improvement of mutation tools for C# language and selecting sufficient set of mutation operators.
The Impact of Petroleum Retail Price Shocks on Inflation in Vietnam

This paper attempts to measure the impact of petroleum price changes on inflation in Vietnam over the period 2004-2013. It uses Autoregressive Distributed Lags model to estimate the relationship between petroleum prices and Consumer Price Index of different commodity groups. Petroleum price is affected by the world prices, and it is exogenous to a small economy as Vietnam. The analysis result shows that when the price changes, it affects significantly to the fluctuations of CPI immediately and on several next months. In all kinds of CPI, the total CPI, food CPI, construction CPI and transportation CPI suffer the impact the most. Using results of Autoregressive Distributed Lags models for the short-run effects, we compute the long-run effects between Petroleum prices and CPIs. The result reveals that there are some long-run relationships between the petroleum price change and several CPI kinds, in which the largest impacts in long-run are of the food CPI and transportation CPI.
Novel Phenotypic Elements of Type IV Collagenopathy Revealed by the Drosophila Model

Type IV collagen is proposed to be a key molecule in the evolvement of multicellular animals by forming the architectural unit basement membrane, a specialized form of the extracellular matrix. Functions of the basement membrane include guiding organ regeneration, tissue repair, modulation of cell differentiation, apical–basal polarity identification, cell migration and adhesion, regulation of growth factor signaling gradients, maintenance of tissue architecture and compartmentalization. Type IV collagenopathy is a devastating systemic disease affecting the circulatory, renal and visual systems and the skeletal muscles. It is observed in patients carrying mutations in the COL4A1 gene, which codes for the ubiquitous basement membrane component. Col4a1 mouse mutants display the human symptoms of type IV collagenopathy. We chose the Drosophila melanogaster model as we recorded dominant, temperature-sensitive mutations in the cognate col4a1 gene of the fruit fly and demonstrated phenotypic elements which have not yet been explored in humans or in mouse models. In this paper we show a transition of the Z-discs, normally bordering each sarcomere, to the level of M-discs significantly penetrant in the mutants, uneven distribution of fused mitochondria in the Malpighian tubules of the excretory organ and a loss of sarcomere structure in the visceral muscles in the gut of mutants. Our observations demonstrate the systemic nature of the col4a1 mutations in the fruit fly. However, these traits are elements of the type IV collagen-associated pathology and may provide insights into approaches that can alleviate symptoms of the disease.
FREDRICKSON-ANDERSEN ONE SPIN FACILITATED MODEL OUT OF EQUILIBRIUM

We consider the Fredrickson and Andersen one spin facilitated model (FA1f) on an infinite connected graph with polynomial growth. Each site with rate one refreshes its occupation variable to a filled or to an empty state with probability p ∈ [0, 1] or q = 1 − p respectively, provided that at least one of its nearest neighbours is empty. We study the non-equilibrium dynamics started from an initial distribution ν different from the stationary product p-Bernoulli measure µ. We assume that, under ν, the distance between two nearest empty sites has exponential moments. We then prove convergence to equilibrium when the vacancy density q is above a proper threshold ¯ q 1. Our result can be generalized to other non cooperative models.
The Difference in Mass between Relativity and Quantum Mechanics, Also Novel Effects of the Axial Doppler Shift

If a particle has a wave function or is in other ways a moving wave, it should have an axial Doppler shift. Writers on relativity do not give moving particles that. The classic equation of quantum mechanics requires that frequency and mass have the same distortion from velocity (Doppler shift). But in the common writings on relativity mass always goes up with increases of velocity, and the transverse shift of frequency always goes down with increases of velocity [1] [2] [3] [4]. Most of this is due to simplifications and errors in the Lorentz transformation, some came from being in the aether wind era originally and because accelerators are noisy. It is not valid to say because the aether axial wind averages to zero between reflections so does axial Doppler shifts. After the first reflection in the Lorentz transformation, the light from the Sun is in Earth’s reference frame and there are no more Doppler shifts. Also the Michelson-Morley experiment is not all cases, and light is not the only thing deformed by velocity. The axial shift’s formula has the cosine of the observation angle in it. The implications are not just quantitative but also qualitative because anything with an axial Doppler shift has different values in different directions from an observer. That is the defining property of a vector and that changes its dimensions and the dimensions of the differential relations it is in. This happens with other scalar qualities as well. That means scalars such as mass and charge are now vectors and have additional dimensions. Therefore differential equations with them have additional dimensions. This includes Faraday-Max- well’s equations and Schrodinger’s equations. Also the Doppler blue shift seems to imply additional dimensions of time another way. That is the first Lorentz transformation error; the second is assumption of non-existent symmetry.
EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES IN IBADAN, NIGERIA: A DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS APPROACH

With paucity of resources and competitive challenges, the need for efficient utilization of available quantum of resources by the sectors of the economy including health is being emphasized. Efficiency of resource utilization tends to focus more on hospital operations, since they account for the bulk resources in the health sector. The objective of this study were (a) to estimate the relative technical and scale efficiency of hospitals in Ibadan in Oyo State, based on data for 2010-2012, and (b) to estimate the magnitudes of input reductions and/or output increases that would have been required to make relatively inefficient hospitals more efficient. A Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method is used to estimate efficiency of the hospitals and to explain the inefficiencies. The efficient frontier and the hospital-level efficiency scores are estimated using DEA. The methodology tries to evolve the criterion from within the decision-making units rather than imposition from outside. The input (number of physicians, nurses, and beds) and output (maternal and child care, inpatients and outpatients) data were used in the estimating the efficiency scores to illustrate the potential value of such efficiency analyses. The key findings are as follows: (i) the average pure technical efficiency of the hospitals consistently declined over the years, as the efficiency scores were 72.8%, 68.2% and 65.1% for years 2010, 2011, and 2012 respectively; (ii) between 31% and 33% of the hospitals operated within technical efficiency range of 0.50 and less than 0.90, while between 33% and 46% of the hospitals operated within the technical efficiency score of greater than 0.90; and (iii) on the average between 2010 and 2012, the inefficient hospitals could have become more efficient by either increasing their outputs by 1524 (2.7%) inpatients admissions, 65,333 (12.3%) outpatient visits, and 8621 (10.3%) maternal and child care, or by transferring the excess 11 (1%) physicians, 23 (1%) nurses, 47 (3%) to other types of health facilities. The existence of inefficiency resource slack among some of the HCFs is a pointer to the fact the available resources can be better utilized to positively impact the health of the population than applied in those years. Policy actions are required to explore the full potential of the services the available resources can provide. The hardship of dwindling resources can be minimized by improving the efficient use of allocated resources by hospitals.
Studying Photonics Crystal Cavities by Design and Simulation of a 1 to 8 Optical Demultiplexer

Abstract In this paper we are going to design and simulating a 1 to 8 demultiplexer based on Photonic Crystal (PhC) that where in wavelengths was guided to her coupled cavity and after that our Intended output. This structure is good Selection to communication operations that their wavelengths are around 1550nm. High Q factor, high transmission speed and low crosstalk between wavelengths are the advantages of this structure. The area of this structure is 560μm2 $560\,{\rm{ \mu }}{{\rm{m}}^{\rm{2}}}$. The wavelengths was selected to this work are 1602.1 nm, 1598.3 nm, 1595.2 nm, 1591.8 nm, 1588.6 nm, 1585.4 nm, 1582.4 nm, 1579.6 nm. In this paper we are going to prepare the crosstalk between outputs and our main goal is giving low crosstalk between outputs.
Defining the antecedents of experience co-creation as applied to alternative consumption models

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework of experience co-creation that captures the multi-dimensionality of this construct, as well as a research process for defining of the antecedents of experience co-creation. Design/methodology/approach The framework of experience co-creation was conceptualized by means of a literature review. Subsequently, this framework was used as the conceptual basis for a qualitative content analysis of 66 empirical papers investigating alternative consumption models (ACMs), such as renting, remanufacturing, and second-hand models. Findings The qualitative content analysis resulted in 12 categories related to the consumer and 9 related to the ACM offerings that represent the antecedents of experience co-creation. These categories provide evidence that, to a large extent, the developed conceptual framework allows one to capture the multi-dimensionality of the experience co-creation construct. Research limitations/implications This study underscores the understanding of experience co-creation as a function of the characteristics of the offering – which are, in turn, a function of the consumers’ motives as determined by their lifeworlds – as well as to service design as an iterative approach to finding, creating and refining service offerings. Practical implications The investigation of the antecedents of experience co-creation can enable service providers to determine significant consumer market conditions for forecasting the suitability and viability of their offerings and to adjust their service designs accordingly. Originality/value This paper provides a step toward the operationalization of the dimension-related experience co-creation construct and presents an approach to defining the antecedents of experience co-creation by considering different research perspectives that can enhance service design research.
Improved square root adaptive cubature Kalman filter

In this study, an improved square root adaptive cubature Kalman filter (ISRACKF) is proposed to improve the filter performance in terms of accuracy, computation efficiency, and robustness. Through the evaluated measure of non-linearity value, the cubature rule under different accuracy levels can be adaptively selected in the dynamic process or measurement model. In this way, high accuracy can be maintained without sacrificing computation efficiency. Furthermore, the maximum correntropy criterion cost function can help improve the robustness of ISRACKF. The measure of non-Gaussianity value is utilised to control the computation complexity of the robust iterative process as well. The stability proof of estimated state error and covariance is given. The comparison results of the target tracking problem and integrated navigation system demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed ISRACKF in this study.
Personality Traits and Financial Strain as Determinants of Gambling Behaviour among Youth in Nigeria: A Case Study of Youths in Oyo State and Ekiti State

This study aims to assess personality characteristics and financial strain as a determinant of gambling behaviour among youth in Nigeria. Three instruments were used in the study which include Gambling behaviour scale developed by Jeffery (2010) used in measuring prevalence and pattern of gambling behaviour, Big five personality scale developed by Goldberg (1993) used in assessing personality domain of an individual and Financial strain scale developed by Aldana & Liljenquist (1998) used in measuring the rate of financial strain experienced by people. Three hundred and twenty participants (320) were used in this study but two hundred and ninety seven participants (297) responses were retrieved for analysis. Hypotheses were tested using regression analysis and independent t-test and the result were discussed according to literatures. It was concluded from the study that personality characteristics and financial strain predicts gambling behaviour and also there is sex differences in gambling behaviour. As a result of this, it was however recommended that youths are to be trained on how to improve their behavioural attitudes and should be well guided so as to avoid gambling because it has serious effects on their psychological health and overall well-being.
The Emerging Eurasian Common Energy Market: What is Its Potential Impact on China’s Belt and Road Initiative?

This article examines the coordinated energy policy of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and the regulatory framework of the emerging Eurasian Common Energy Market as applied to its three major components: the Common Electric Power Market, the Common Gas Market and the Common Market of Petroleum and Petroleum Products. It aims to explore the issue of the potential impact of the EAEU energy policy and its associated regulatory framework on the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The article argues that the operation of the Eurasian Common Energy Market will have a positive impact on the BRI project by harmonization and/or unification of energy-related regulations across a significant part of the New Silk Road as well as by the liberalization of the energy markets of EAEU Member States, bringing greater competition and abolishing barriers to trade between EAEU Member States in energy and related equipment, technology and services.
A Radio Counterpart for the Unidentified TeV Source HESS J1813-178: The Radio-Gamma-Ray Connection

We discovered independently the shell-type supernova remnant G12.82-0.02, recently reported by Brogan et al. (2005), which is coincident with the unidentified TeV gamma-ray source revealed in the HESS survey of the Galactic plane. Estimating the ambient starlight at the location of this source from the integrated Ly alpha luminosity of the nearby H II region W33, we conclude that inverse Compton emission is a viable explanation for the observed TeV emission. Examining remnants in the survey of Aharonian et al. (2005a) including those detected above 200 Gev and those not detected, we find a strikingly large range of more than three orders of magnitude in the radio to TeV flux ratios. We briefly explore the possible explanations of this range and the implications for the TeV emission mechanism.
Analysis of Plates with Varying Rigidities Using Finite Element Method

Abstract—This paper presents Finite Element Method (FEM) for analyzing the internal responses generated in thin rectangular plates with various edge conditions and rigidity conditions. Comparison has been made between the FEM (ANSYS software) results for displacement, stresses and moments generated with and without the consideration of hole in plate and different aspect ratios. In the end comparison for responses in plain and composite square plates has been studied.
Mobility and traffic-aware resource scheduling for downlink transmissions inLTE-A systems

As new cellular networks support not only voice services but also many multimedia applications, the requirements for reliable data transmission at high speeds create heavy load on the system. Even though LTE/LTE-A technology takes action towards alleviating this load, it is still necessary to manage resources effectively because of the inadequacy of the available radio resources. Thus, the scheduler at the MAC layer of the base station plays a very important role in resource allocation to the user. In this study a novel algorithm for resource allocation in mobile environments is presented, with two variations addressing different input traffic. The idealized case (I-MAS algorithm) relates to the full-buffer model, while the realistic case (R-MAS algorithm) takes into consideration the specific characteristics of the incoming user traffic. The paper includes performance evaluation of the suggested algorithms in terms of mean and edge throughput, system fairness, and BLER and comparison with well-known algorithms like the round robin (RR) and best CQI (B-CQI) (full-buffer model) and their extensions for real-life traffic models, RR Traffic and B-CQI Traffic, respectively. When the simulation results are examined, it can be seen that the I-MAS and R-MAS algorithms maximize the throughput while at the same time distributing the resources fairly among the users. They also prove to be quite robust in mobile environments even at higher user speeds.
A Case Study of the Sustainable Mobility Problem–Solution Paradox: Motility and Access of Metrorail Commuters in the Western Cape

Public transport in general and passenger trains in particular are often advertised as solutions to mobility challenges due to their relatively low carbon footprint, high commuter load, high public safety, and contribution to reduced road congestion. But, how do these advantages apply to contexts characterized by inequality, poverty, and exclusion, and where train infrastructure is underdeveloped and poorly maintained? In this study, we examine the imaginaries and their associated transport predispositions of Metrorail users in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Based on 31 interviews conducted with Metrorail users, we explored how they conceptualize access to and use of mobility. The conceptual framework for this is provided by the Motility concept as developed by Kaufmann, Bergman, and Joye. Findings show that the context and culture defining the daily lives of Metrorail users reflect a reality, which is far removed from the way we theorize sustainable mobility. The limitations of spatial and social inequality, which create the mobility boundaries of Motility for these commuters, reveal a significant gap between their lives and the policies aimed to foster our sustainable mobility future. Despite this, the commuters of our study are highly mobile, and we end this article with an attempt to align these conflicting domains of dysfunctional contexts, mobility practices, and sustainability ideals.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MECHANISM AND EARNINGS MANAGEMENT

This study will support the claim that corporate governance (CG) mechanisms are able to overcome earnings management (EM) activities. The ownership structure will be tested from the perspective of family firm and non-family firm. Managers manage their earnings for various reason that would involves either for their incentives such as bonus and salary. While for the company purposes the earnings management may affected or vise-versa from the debt to equity or leverage. The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between corporate governance and earnings management in Malaysia. In addition to examining the relationship, this study will also investigate the impact of ownership structure toward earnings management. The data for the study will obtained from secondary data (annual report and data stream). Keywords: Earnings management, ownership structure, corporate governance, executive remuneration and leverage.