Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Treatment Spent Filter Backwash Water using Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) in Isfahan WTP

Recovering spent filter backwash water is currently receiving a great deal of attention. EPA published the Filter Backwash-Recycling Rule (FBRR) in 2001. Recycle stream may contain significant concentration of pathogens, such as, cryptosporidium and Giardia. Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) was investigated as a possible technology alternative to simple or advanced sedimentation technology. In this study with using a pilot of DAF effluent turbidities of >20NTU could be easily obtained, when raw water turbidities were in excess of 800 NTU. Chemical requirements were low with only a single low dose of polyaluminium chloride (PACl) required binding the floc particles to form a solids matrix suitable for flotation. The results showed that the efficiency of continuous flow DAF with using PACl as coagulant for removal of Turbidity, COD, HPC, SS and MPN were 97, 72, 75, 95 and 100 percent, respectively. The statistical analyses indicated that the optimum saturation pressure is 4-5 atm, during recycle rate of 20-25 percent. The removal efficiencies of turbidity and bacteria in coagulation with sedimentation were reported up to 70 and 65 percent, while in this study using DAF with coagulant PACl could remove turbidity, COD, SS and bacterial up to 97,72, 95 and, 72 percent respectively.
Benthic macro-invertebrates of Asejire reservoir, Southwest Nigeria

A survey of the benthic macro-invertebrate fauna of Asejire Reservoir, Southwest Nigeria was carried out for two years to provide information on the occurrence, distribution and abundance of the benthic macro-invertebrates of the reservoir. Twenty sampling stations were established in the reservoir and sediment samples were collected from each station at bimonthly intervals using an improvised Van-veen grab. Data obtained was subjected to descriptive statistics and various biodiversity indices. A total of 364,351 individual macro-invertebrate specimens were collected. The fauna comprised of twenty-eight species. These was composed of the class Insecta (13 spp), Gastropoda (9 spp) and Bivalvia (2 spp), while Arachnida, Malacostraca, Hirudinea and Gordiadea comprised one species each. Potadoma moerch (32.9%), P. freethi (18.3%) and Melanoides tubaculata (9.0%) were the dominant species accounting for more than 60% of the recorded individuals’ species while the least occurring species were Sphaerium sp (0.2%) and Hydracarina sp (0.4%). Asejire Reservoir can be inferred to be rich quantitatively and qualitatively in benthic macro-invertebrate fauna based on occurrence and abundance of species recorded during this study.
A Novel Adsorptive Square Wave Voltammetric Method for Pico Molar Monitoring of Lorazepam at Gold Ultra Microelectrode in a Flow Injection System by Application of Fast Fourier Transform Analysis

Abstract This paper describes development of a new analysis system for determination of lorazepam by a novel square wave voltammetry method to perform a very sensitive method. The method used for determination of lorazepam involves measuring the changes in admittance voltammogram of a gold ultramicroelectrode (in 0.05 M H3PO4 solution) caused by adsorption of the lorazepam on the electrode surface. Variation of admittance in the detection process is created by inhibition of oxidation reaction of the electrode surface, by adsorbed lorazepam. Furthermore, signal-to-noise ratio is significantly increased by application of discrete fast Fourier transform (FFT) method, background subtraction, and two-dimensional integration of the electrode response over a selected potential range and time window. Also in this work, some parameters such as SW frequency, eluent pH, and accumulation time were optimized. Calibration plots are given for solutions containing 10−6–10−11 M of lorazepam. The detection limit is calculated to be 6.0 × 10−12 M (∼ 2 pg/ml). The relative standard deviation at concentration 3.0 × 10−8 M is 6.1% for 5 reported measurements.
Features of the potential energy surface for the reaction of HO2 radical with acetone

The mechanism of the reaction of acetone with HO2 has been studied by quantum chemical computations. Different stationary points on the potential energy surface (PES) of the reaction have been characterized. These stationary points are the reactants, products, molecular complexes, and transition states. Three pathways have been studied: two H-abstraction channels and one HO2-addition channel. The MP2 level of theory with the 6-311G(d,p) basis set was employed for geometry optimization. The electronic energies was obtained at the PMP2, PMP4, and CCSD(T) level of theory with the 6-311G(d,p) basis set on the computed geometries. The addition pathway is clearly the more favorable, contrary to the acetone + OH system. The pre-reactive hydrogen-bonded complexes have been characterized and show a large red shift between the OH stretching frequency in the HO2 radical and the one in the HO2 fragment of intermolecular complexes. Our addition rate constant k+ at T = 298 K (3.49 × 10−16 cm3 s−1) is consistent with previous experimental results (giving an upper limit of the rate constant of 6 × 10−16 cm3 s−1 at 298 K). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Ab initio based study of the ArO− photoelectron spectra: Selectivity of spin–orbit transitions

A combined ab initio atoms-in-molecule approach was implemented to model the photoelectron spectra of the ArO− anion. The lowest adiabatic states of Σ and Π symmetry of ArO and ArO− were investigated using the fourth-order Moller–Plessett perturbation theory including bond functions. The total energies were dissected into electrostatic, exchange, induction, and dispersion components. The complex of Ar with atomic oxygen is only weakly bound, primarily by dispersion interaction. The Π state possesses a deeper minimum (Re=3.4 A,De=380 μEh) than the Σ state (Re=3.8 A,De=220 μEh). In contrast, the anion complex is fairly strongly bound, primarily by ion-induced dipole induction forces, and the Σ state possesses a deeper minimum at shorter interatomic distances (Re=3.02 A,De=3600 μEh) than the Π state (Re=3.35 A,De=2400 μEh). The Σ–Π splittings in both systems are mainly due to differences in the exchange repulsion terms. Atoms-in-molecule models were used to account for the spin–orbit interaction, and to gene.
Thermoreversible hydrogels. IV. Effect of some factors on the swelling behavior of N-tetrahydrofurfurylacrylamide

A thermoreversible hydrogel, poly(N-tetrahydrofurfurylacrylamide) [poly-(NTHFAAm) gel], was prepared from N-tetrahydrofurfurylacrylamide, which was synthesized from N-tetrahydrofurfurylamine and acryloyl chloride (through acylation), with N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, a crosslinker, in various aqueous solutions. The influences of temperature, gel thickness, and polymerization media on the swelling behaviors in water were investigated. The effect of the gel thickness on the swelling ratio for NTHFAAm gel indicated that the equilibrium swelling time and diffusion coefficient for the thinner gel were faster than those for the thicker gels. The effects of different polymerization media on the gel swelling ratio showed that the larger the solvent molecular size and the poorer the miscibility of the monomer and solvent, the higher the swelling ratio and diffusion coefficient. The drug release profiles in the various gels were also investigated.
Polimorfizem genov za ß-laktoglobulin in [alfa]S1-kazein paške ovce

Polimorfizmi genov, ki kodirajo proteine mleka imajo pogosto pomembem vpliv na tehnoloske lastnosti mleka. Ceprav so podatki o vplivu alelnih variant laktoproteinskih genov na tehnoloske lastnosti mleka pogosto kontradiktorni, vselekcijske programe vse pogosteje vkljucujejo tudi informacije o genotipu na laktoproteinskih lokusih, da bi v populacijah povecali frekvenco alel z ugodnim ucinkom na tehnoloske lastnosti mleka. Glavni proizvod paske ovce je mleko, ki ga vecinoma predelajo v paski sir. Izboljsanje tehnoloskih lastnosti mleka te pasme bi bistveno pripomoglo k vecji ekonomicnosti reje te pasme. Z namenom, da bi ugotovili frekvenco alelov laktoproteinskih genov, ki pomembno vplivajo na predelovalne lastnosti ovcjega mleka, smo v tej raziskavi tipizirali gena za s-laktoglobulin in [alfa]s1-kazein stiridesetih živali. Genotipizacijo smo izvedli s pomnoževanjem delov obeh genov z verižno reakcijo s polimerazo in estrikcijo amplifikatov z ustreznimi endonukleazami. Na lokusu za s-laktoglobulina smo nasli alela A in B (0,5375; 0,4625), na lokusu za [alfa]s1-kazein pa smo dolocali aleli A in D (0,0875; 0,1340). Glede na podatke v literaturi lahko recemo, da frekvence alel za s-laktoglobulin in [alfa]s1-kazein populaciji paske ovce niso najugodnejse in da bi z uporabo molekularnih metod frekvenco alel z ugodnimi tehnoloskimi lastnostmi lahko sorazmerno hitro povecali. To bi vodilo k izboljsanju ekonomicnosti reje te pasme, katere edini tržno uveljavljeni produkt je paski sir.
The Effect of Micro-Pore Configuration on the Flow and Thermal Fields of Supercritical CO 2

Currently, the technology of CO₂ capture and storage (CCS) has become the main issue for climate change and global warming. Among CCS technologies, the prediction of CO₂ behavior underground is very critical for CO₂ storage design, especially for its safety. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to model and simulate CO₂ flow and its heat transfer characteristics in a storage site, for more accurate evaluation of the safety for CO₂ storage process. In the present study, as part of the storage design, a micro pore-scale model was developed to mimic real porous structure, and computational fluid dynamics was applied to calculate the CO₂ flow and thermal fields in the micro pore-scale porous structure. Three different configurations of 3-dimensional (3D) micro-pore structures were developed, and compared. In particular, the technique of assigning random pore size in 3D porous media was considered. For the computation, physical conditions such as temperature and pressure were set up, equivalent to the underground condition at which the CO₂ fluid was injected. From the results, the characteristics of the flow and thermal fields of CO₂ were scrutinized, and the influence of the configuration of the micro-pore structure on the flow and scalar transport was investigated.
Color changes in gamma- and electron-beam-irradiated PM-355 nuclear track detector

The effects of gamma and electron beam irradiation on the color changes of PM-355 nuclear track detector have been investigated. Samples from PM-355 were classified into two main groups. The first group was irradiated with gamma in the dose range of 10–250 kGy, while the second group was irradiated with an electron beam at the same dose range. The transmission of these samples in the wavelength range of 370–770 nm, as well as any color changes, was studied. The Commission International de E'Claire (CIE units x, y and z) methodology was used in this work for the description of colored samples. In addition, the color differences between the non-irradiated sample and those irradiated with different gamma or electron beam doses were calculated. The results indicate that PM-355 detector acquires color changes under gamma and electron beam irradiation, but it has a more response to color changes by electron beam than that by gamma.
Band structure and optical gain of tensile-strained germanium based on a 30 band k⋅p formalism

We have investigated the band structure of tensile-strained germanium using a 30 band k⋅p formalism. This multiband formalism allows to simultaneously describe the valence and conduction bands, including the L, Δ, and Γ valleys. We calculate the energy band variation as a function of strain and obtain that the crossover from indirect to direct band gap occurs for a tensile in-plane strain of 1.9%. The effective masses of density of states are deduced from the calculated conduction and valence band density of states. Significant deviations are observed as compared to the effective masses of density of states values of unstrained bulk germanium. We finally calculate the optical gain that can be achieved with tensile-strained bulk germanium. An optical gain larger than 3000 cm−1 is predicted for a carrier density of 1×1018 cm−3 and a 3% in-plane biaxial strain. This optical gain is larger than the one of GaAs calculated with the same formalism and is much larger than the experimental free-carrier absorption .
Group Contribution Values for the Thermodynamic Functions of Hydration at 298.15 K, 0.1 MPa. 3. Aliphatic Monoethers, Diethers, and Polyethers

A compilation of experimental values of the infinite dilution partial molar Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and heat capacity of hydration, together with partial molar volumes in water at 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa is presented for aliphatic monoethers, diethers, and polyethers. These data are treated in the framework of the first- and second-order group additivity methods. However, third- and higher-order effects (i.e., interactions expressed beyond the nearest neighbors) are clearly present in aqueous ethers. The effects can be accounted for by the introduction of a number of corrections. For the second-order group contribution method, numerical values are determined for the following groups: C−(C)2(H)(O)ether, C−(C)3(O)ether, O−(C)2, C−(H)2(O)2, C−(C)(O)2(H), and corrections: a “ethoxyalkane” correction, {CH3−CH2−O−CH2}, and a “diether” correction, {O−(CH2)2−O}. For the first-order group contribution method, in addition to the “ether” O group, a large number of corrections appears to be necessary for accurate repr.
Chemical dynamic method for measuring kLa in gas-liquid dispersions

Abstract Chemical dynamic method for measuring volumetric mass transfer coefficient in gas-liquid dispersions is presented which takes into account non-ideal mixing in liquid phase in terms of RTD and oxygen probe response curves monitored simultaneously in single point in the batch. The responses of oxygen and spectrophotometric (or conductivity) probes on a pulse of mixture of sodium sulfite and tracer (NaNO3 or NaCl) solutions are monitored. The method can be used both in the batch and the continuous arrangement for liquid. Experiments were performed in one-impeller and three-impeller vessels, the latter involving large effect or backmixing of liquid phase on interfacial mass transfer. Reliability of the method was tested in coalescing (distilled water) and noncoalescing (0.5 M Na2SO4 solution) batches by comparing the results from pure oxygen and air absorption, and by comparing the obtained results with those measured in the identical apparatus by the independent dynamic pressure method.
Research on Chemical Composition and Ensiling Characteristics of Banana Stems and Leaves

In order to investigate the nutritive and ensiling characteristics of banana stems and leaves, the chemical compositions of banana stems and leaves were analyzed and the effects of additives on fermentation quality were measured. The research results showed: Banana stems and leaves had high fiber content (stem>58% DM, leaf >72% DM), nitrogen free extract content (>50% DM), and water soluble carbohydrate contents (WSC>5% DM), with certain nutritive value. Tannins of banana stem and leaf were 0.11% DM and 0.24% DM. There were lactic acid bacteria (>105cfu/g FM) in the banana stems and leaves; they might be well preserved with some treatments.
Low Band Gap Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Polymers toward Organic Solar Cells Applications

Mixtures of conjugated polymers and fullerenes command considerable attention for application in organic solar cells. To increase their efficiency, the design of new materials that absorb at longer wavelengths is of substantial interest. We have prepared such low band gap polymers using the donor−acceptor route, which is based on the concept that the interaction between alternating donors and acceptors results in a compressed band gap. Furthermore, for application in photovoltaic devices, sufficient polymer solubility is required. We have prepared four low band gap conjugated polymers, with a bis(1-cyano-2-thienylvinylene)phenylene base structure, and achieved an excellent solubility by the introduction of long alkoxy and alkyl side chains. The polymers were synthesized via an oxidative polymerization. Their electronic properties were determined from electrochemical and optical measurements, which confirm that they indeed have a low band gap. In the blend of such a low band gap polymer with PCBM, evidence.
An analysis of the quantum effect on the thermodynamic and transport properties of cryogenic hydrogen using molecular dynamics method

In this paper, we have analysed an effect of quantum nature of the hydrogen molecule on its thermodynamic and transport properties using molecular dynamics (MD) method based on the path integral method. We performed NVE constant MD simulation and the quantum effect on the molecular mechanism was analysed. The simulation results were compared with experimental data. As a result, we clarified that the quantum nature makes the virial pressure larger than in classical mechanics and taking account the quantum nature makes smaller intermolecular interaction energy and larger repulsive force than classical representation. Besides, we have confirmed that the path-integral-based MD method well reproduces the thermal conductivity and quantum effect on the transport properties is also large.
Thermophysical Properties of Ethane

New correlations for the thermophysical properties of fluid ethane are presented. The correlations are based on a critical evaluation of the available experimental data and have been developed to represent these data over a broad range of the state variables. Estimates for the accuracy of the equations and comparisons with measured properties are given. The reasons for this new study of ethane include significant new and accurate data and improvements in the correlating functions which allow increased accuracy of the correlations—especially in the extended critical region. Short tables of the thermophysical properties of ethane are included. This study complements an earlier study of methane and uses the same correlating equations and format. For the thermodynamic properties, a classical equation for the molar Helmholtz energy, which contains terms multiplied by the exponential of the quadratic and quartic powers of the system density, is used. The resulting equation of state is accurate from about 90 K t.
Thermodynamics of the cell : {NaxHg1-x|NaCl(m)|AgCl|Ag} in (methanol + water) solvent mixtures

Abstract The electromotive forceEof the cell {NaxHg1_x|NaCl(m)|AgCl|Ag} has been measured at the temperature 298.15 K as a function of the mole fractionxof Na metal in amalgams and of the molalitymof NaCl in (methanol+water) solvent mixtures containing up to 0.8 mass fraction of methanol, with relative permittivities ϵ≥40. The respective standard electromotive forces Emohave been determined, together with the activity coefficients γ± of NaCl as a function of its molality. For interpolation purposes the Emovalues can be expressed as a function of the methanol mass functionwMby the following polynomial, valid for 0≤wM≤0.8. Emo/V=2.18126−0.092727·wM1/2+0.10309·wM−0.24716·wM3/2 These results for standard e.m. f.s. lead to a primary hydration numbernbydr≈7 for NaCl which is in good agreement with previous results using different methods.
Instrumental and sensory assessment of oatmeal and chocolate chip cookies modified with sugar and fat replacers

ABSTRACT Sensory texture and flavor parameters of three formulations of two popular cookies were evaluated by a trained descriptive panel. Probing, a puncture test, was used to assess texture instrumentally. Other physical tests included water activity, cookie spread, and specific gravity. Chocolate chip and oatmeal cookies were prepared using a nonsucrose sweetener blend (dextrose/acesulfame-K) or prune puree, following manufacturers' recommendations, to replace 50% of the sugar or fat, respectively. The three formulations differed in ratios of flour, sugar, fat, and water. Instrumental and sensory evaluations occurred the day after baking. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and means separation tests (P < 0.05). Relationships between sensory and instrumental assessments were identified with correlations. According to the trained panel, sugar and fat replacement had a greater effect on texture than on flavor. Probing was successfully used to assess textural attributes of cookies. Correlations .
Thermal Effects Investigation on Electrical Properties of Silicon Solar Cells Treated by Laser Irradiation

In this paper, we were investigated electrical properties of monocrystalline and polycrystalline silicon solar cells due to laser irradiation with 650 nm wavelength in two states, proximate irradiation and via optics setup. Thermal effect on the cell surface due to laser irradiation was investigated on electrical properties too. Electrical parameters investigation of solar cells illustrates cell excitement via laser irradiation and efficiency decreases due to cell surface temperature increase. Monocrystalline parameters change with uniform shape due to thermal effect and laser irradiation toward polycrystalline cells.
Application of “Square Wave Analysis” to Bioelectric Studies1

Summary. As a whole the present paper deals with a method, based on the use of square shaped electrical waves, that permits the registration of even very transient electrical impedance changes in biological objects. Directly it is possible to record a) the “transient” and steady state D. C. resistance, b) the “high frequency” A. C. resistance, and also, after performing a procedure of “square wave analysis”, c) to evaluate the impedance values for any intermediate A. C. frequency. Thus the method allows the construction of “impedance locus diagrams” (according to GILDEMEISTER-LULLIES-COLE) of phenomena of short duration, as, for instance, the impedance changes in living objects in connection with electrical stimuli shocks. The paper is disposed as follows: 1 In the introduction of the paper the theoretical relations are discussed which exist between the responses on sinusoidal alternating currents, square wave alternating currents and “rechteckige Stromstose” (according to LULLIES). 2 A practical procedure of harmonic analysis is then described, which enables the transformation of the square wave response into impedances to sinusoidal currents. 3 As examples of possible applications are described: a) the response of a “model” circuit, b) the effects of NaCl and KCl solutions on frog skin, c) the effects of D. C. stimulation on frog skin.
Statistics of Optical Spectra from Single-Ring Aggregates and Its Application to LH2

We study the statistics of the optical spectra of individual ring-shaped molecular aggregates in which the site energies and transfer interactions are perturbed by both weak random disorder and a regular modulation due to a deformation of the ring. Under these conditions, the spectrum is dominated by two lines. We present an analytical expression for the joined probability distribution of the splitting between these lines and their average position. We compare our results to recent experiments performed on the bacterial antenna system LH2. Our analysis indicates the importance of intercomplex disorder.