Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inorganic Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment

The application of porphyrins and their derivatives have been investigated extensively over the past years for phototherapy cancer treatment. Phototherapeutic Porphyrins have the ability to generate high levels of reactive oxygen with a low dark toxicity and these properties have made them robust photosensitizing agents. In recent years, Porphyrins have been combined with various nanomaterials in order to improve their bio-distribution. These combinations allow for nanoparticles to enhance photodynamic therapy (PDT) cancer treatment and adding additional nanotheranostics (photothermal therapy—PTT) as well as enhance photodiagnosis (PDD) to the reaction. This review examines various porphyrin-based inorganic nanoparticles developed for phototherapy nanotheranostic cancer treatment over the last three years (2017 to 2020). Furthermore, current challenges in the development and future perspectives of porphyrin-based nanomedicines for cancer treatment are also highlighted.
Aeroelastic Optimization of the High Aspect Ratio Wing with Aileron

: In aircraft wings, aileron mass parameter presents a tremendous effect on the velocity and frequency of the flutter problem. For that purpose, we present the optimization of a composite design wing with an aileron, using machine-learning approach. Mass properties and its distribution have a great influence on the multi-variate optimization procedure, based on speed and frequency of flutter. First, flutter speed was obtained to estimate aileron impact. Additionally mass-equilibrated and other features were investigated. It can deduced that changing the position and mass properties of the aileron are tangiblefollowingthe speed and frequency of the wing flutter. Based on the proposed optimization method, the best position of the aileron is determined for the composite wing to postpone flutter instability and decrease the existed stress. The represented coupled aero-structural model is emerged from subsonic aerodynamics model, which has been developed using the panel method in multidimensional space. The structural modeling has been conducted by finite element method, using the p-k method. The fluid –structure equations are solved and the results are extracted.
A Multisite Case Study of Faculty and Teacher Perceptions of NCETE Professional Development Workshops on Engineering Design Content. Research in Engineering and Technology Education.

The purpose of this study was to describe a process of preparing technology education teachers to teach engineering design concepts in the context of technology education. This process was identified through a study of professional development activities that were organized and conducted by technology teacher education partner universities of the National Center for Engineering and Technology Education (NCETE) to prepare middle school and high school technology teachers to infuse engineering design, problem solving, content, and analytical skills into the K-12 curriculum. A collective multisite case study formed the methodology for this study. Data were collected through individual interview sessions that lasted 30-40 minutes, video footage, observations and artifacts. A total of 15 interviews were individually analyzed, and then compared through a cross-case analysis. Professional development emerged as a core theme and comprised the following sub themes: planning, communities of practice, professional development administration and learning environment, professional development for technology education teachers, professional development activities in the classroom, assessment, expertise, and meaning making. Multisite Case Study of Faculty and Teacher Perceptions 3
The case for empirical studies of the practice of software development

In this paper, we argue that ethnographically-based field studies can make a unique contribution to empirical software engineering. We begin by discussing why such studies are important and what they entail. We then discuss the contexts in which they may inform empirical software engineering research (perhaps in combination with other types of study) and how they might be tailored to fit the needs of software engineers.
Aviation and climate change: confronting the challenge

Abstract Each year greenhouse gas emissions remain high the climate mitigation and adaptation challenges grow. The economic downturn was already in train in 2008, yet concentrations of CO2 increased unabated. Without concerted effort across all sectors there will be little chance of avoiding ‘dangerous climate change’ and the aviation sector has a clear role to play. Current and forthcoming technologies, operational practices and behavioural change offer widespread opportunities for other sectors to mitigate their CO2 emissions in absolute terms, but as they do so, aviation will become an increasingly important player. By comparing a range of global cross-sector emission scenarios with existing aviation projections, this paper illustrates the importance of understanding the future context with regard to other sectors when assessing the aviation industry’s potential impact. Given growth projections for aviation and the relatively slow pace of technological change, aviation’s proportion of 2050 global CO2 emissions is low only in those global cross-sector emission scenarios where there is a high probability of ‘dangerous climate change’. For a ‘reasonable’ (>50%) chance of avoiding ‘dangerous climate change’, the most technologically radical scenarios for aviation make up 15% of global CO2 in 2050 and conventional scenarios exceed the carbon budget entirely. Only by recognising that aviation’s currently projected emissions are incompatible with avoiding ‘dangerous climate change’ can the industry fully grasp the challenge of accelerating innovation and managing demand to deliver a more sustainable route to 2050 and beyond.
Development of Micro/Nano-Scale Sensors for Investigation of Heat Transfer in Multi-Phase Flows

 Studying the mechanisms of heat transfer on a nano-structured surface for the analysis of forced convection. (Nucleate, Film Boiling Regime with Micro/Nano temperature sensors)  Investigation in multi-phase heat transfer in microchannel & macrochannel.  Incorporated thin film thermocouple flow boiling experiment. (TFT fabricated in the lab)  Developed diode temperature sensor for droplet impingement experiment. (DTS fabricated on-campus)  Standardized a cost-effective and advanced functioning fabrication method for diode temperature sensor has been investigated and designed in an array to minimize the packaging. (2N wires for N*N sensors)  Compact condenser design for advanced heat exchanger performance.  Compact vapor compression system for individual cooling application.  Using StarCCM+, perform microchannel simulation to check the validation with the experimental results.
Rational design of nanofibrous materials

Making Carbon nanotubes a functional material for widespread use is a very cumbersome and challenging task. Not only do CNT materials require the tubes to be well dispersed and individualized rather than in bundles but resulting material has much poorer properties than expected due to insufficient load transfer between crossing CNT. This work tries to provide insight and solutions onto both of these problems, by employing computer simulations to reveal the dual nature of surfactant mediated forces on CNT. A generic coarse grain model has been used along with a dissipative particle dynamics thermostat and implicit solvent treatment. Results illustrate that depending on the bulk concentration of surfactants and their geometry, one can control the surfatant mediated forces on tubes being able to trigger both tube gluing or dispersion. Furthermore, an adsorption study elucidating the differences between surfactant adsorption on individual tubes and their bundles has been done. Surfactants follow a superlinear synergetic adsorption isotherm on individual tubes, whereas adsorb via a Langmuir mechanism on their bundles. This work provides a solid framework of knowledge and insight regarding the nature of CNT and surfactants interaction and adsorption, providing rational arguments for the design of optimum CNT materials. Declaration of originality I hereby declare that the research recorded in this thesis and the thesis itself was composed and originated entirely by myself in the Department of Engineering and Physical Sciences at Heriot Watt University. Panagiotis Angelikopoulos
Summary of Technical Support for Seawolf Shock Test: Potential Impact on Marine-Mammal Hearing.

Abstract : This report documents a study performed in support of the SSN 21 (Seawolf) shock-test program. The purpose was twofold: (1) to develop a more efficient method for calculating potential acoustic damage to marine-mammal herring from underwater explosions, and (2) to perform calculations specifically for use in preparing the Seawolf environmental impact statement. The most meaningful criterion for determining acoustic safe ranges would be one based on measurements of temporary threshold shift (TTS) in sea mammals exposed to underwater detonations. Because there are no existing data applicable to definition of such a criterion, an interim acoustic-energy limit, based on human in-air data, was developed for use in predicting the acoustic impact on the Seawolf detonations. Evidence indicates that this limit is very conservative. Therefore, until reliable measurements have been made of TTS that is directly attributable to exposure of marine mammals to sound produced by underwater explosions, this interim criterion should be used only for defining ranges for 'acoustic discomfort' or annoyance.
Strengthening Relationships and Supporting Healthy Marriage Among Unwed Parents. Washington, DC: Mathematica Policy Research

This issue brief, the first in a series from our Building Strong Families project, focuses on program design. The brief is based on a conceptual framework that identifies factors to consider in developing programs and services to strengthen relationships in unmarried parent families. The framework includes issues related to implementation and service delivery, as well as outcomes that should be affected.
Neural extended Kalman filter for monocular SLAM in indoor environment

The extended Kalman filter (EKF) has become a popular solution for the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). This paper presents the implementation of the EKF coupled with a feedforward neural network for the monocular SLAM. The neural extended Kalman filter (NEKF) is applied online to approximate an error between the motion model of the mobile robot and the real system performance. Inadequate modeling of the robot motion can jeopardize the quality of estimation. The paper shows integration of EKF with feedforward neural network and simulation analysis of its consistency and implementation of the NEKF with a mobile robot, laboratory experimental environment, and a simple USB camera. The simulation and experimental results show that integration of neural network into EKF prediction–correction cycle results in improved consistency and accuracy.
Photonic crystal fibres and their applications in the nonlinear regime

This thesis presents several advances in the technology and applications of photonic crystal �bres achieved over the last three years. Chapters 1 and 2 give the background material important to understand the results presented in chapters 3, 4 and 5. In chapter 1, linear properties of optical �bres are described. This chapter focuses particularly on how the engineering of the cladding structure of solid core photonic crystal �bres can be used to vary the �bre properties, most importantly the group index and dispersion. Propagation in all-solid photonic bandgap �bres is also discussed in terms of the anti-resonant re ecting optical waveguide model. Chapter 2 introduces the nonlinear optical e�ects that are important to understand the work presented in chapters 4 and 5. In chapter 3, a method to reduce bend losses in all-solid photonic bandgap �bres is outlined. The reduction of these losses is achieved by redesigning the high-index inclusions in the cladding structure to suppress cladding modes that strongly couple to the fundamental core-guided mode when the �bre is bent. In chapter 4, a method of tapering photonic crystal �bres in order to decrease the dispersion along their length is described. The tapers are used to compress solitons via adiabatic soliton compression and a combination of adiabatic soliton compression and soliton e�ect compression, achieving a factor of 15 compression of a transform-limited pulse to below 50 fs. Chapter 5 describes how engineering the cladding structure of photonic crystal �bres can be used to generate shorter frequencies in supercontinuum generation. The method by which this achieved is experimentally veri�ed and then exploited to generate a continuum incorporating the entire visible spectrum using low cost, low maintenance pump sources.
The Effect of Market Transparency on Corporate Disclosure: Evidence from the Observability of Bond Prices and Trading

Market prices and trading are important information constructs that reveal information to market participants. I study how the observability of market prices and trading (hereafter, "market transparency") affects firms' disclosure incentives. I exploit the staggered introduction of TRACE, which made bond prices and transactions publicly observable. I find that firms provide more guidance when their bonds' prices/trading become observable, suggesting that investors' access to market information limits managers' incentives to withhold information. This effect is stronger for firms whose revealed prices contain more new information, and it is more pronounced for the disclosure of bad news. I corroborate my results using (i) a controlled experiment, in which prices/trading were revealed for randomly selected bonds, and also (ii) relevant threshold rules. Together, my results suggest that increased market transparency improves investors' access to information not only directly, by revealing the information contained in returns/trading, but also indirectly, by increasing corporate disclosure.
Security and Privacy in RFID Applications

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a very versatile technology. It has the potential to increase the efficiency of many common applications and is thus becoming increasingly popular. The main drawback is that the general principles the technology is built on are very vulnerable to attack. The ID imbedded in every chip combined with the openness of the radio interface exposes the users to tracking. As additional sensitive information may be stored on the tags, the user may also be exposed to other security and privacy threats. This thesis investigates how easily the reading distance of RFID tags can be increased by modifying a regular reader. A thorough presentation of general privacy and security threats to RFID systems is also given together with an analysis of how the results from the experiments influence these threats. General countermeasures to defend against threats are also evaluated. Finally, the thesis investigates how easily a user can reduce the reading distance of tags he is carrying by physical shielding. The general results are that moderately increasing the reading distance of RFID tags by modifying a regular reader is possible. It is, however, not trivial. Given that the attacker has extensive knowledge of the technology and its implementation, obtaining extensive increases in reading distance by using very sophisticated techniques may be possible. Users can, on the other hand, relatively easily decrease the reading distances of tags by physically shielding them. The obtainable reading distance using an electronics hobbyists tools, skills and knowledge is sufficient to greatly simplify the execution of several attacks aimed at RFID systems. As the technological development is likely to increase the obtainable reading distance even further, inclusion of on-tag security measures for the future is of great importance.
Learning in the Learning Commons: The Learning Commons at City Flinders and St Albans Campuses

Since 2006, the development of the Learning Commons has been a key strategic direction for Victoria University, driving the re-development of libraries, campus learning spaces and educational support services and programs. This study will report on evaluations of two examples of the Learning Commons at VU: the City Flinders Learning Commons and the St Albans Learning Commons, with a focus on the impact on student learning achieved at each location. ---Next Generation Learning Spaces 2008 Colloquium. Held 1-2 October, 2008
Book Review

Does it seem you've formulated a rock-solid strategy, yet your firm still can't get ahead? If so, construct a solid foundation for business execution--an IT infrastructure and digitized business processes to automate your company's core capabilities. In Enterprise Architecture as Strategy: Creating a Foundation for Business Execution, authors Jeanne W. Ross, Peter Weill, and David C. Robertson show you how. The key? Make tough decisions about which processes you must execute well, then implement the IT systems needed to digitize those processes. Citing numerous companies worldwide, the authors show how constructing the right enterprise architecture enhances profitability and time to market, improves strategy execution, and even lowers IT costs. Though clear, engaging explanation, they demonstrate how to define your operating model--your vision of how your firm will survive and grow--and implement it through your enterprise architecture. Their counterintuitive but vital message: when it comes to executing your strategy, your enterprise architecture may matter far more than your strategy itself.
Improving inattentive operation of peripheral touch controls

Although touch screens are increasingly ubiquitous because of their versatility and exibility, they still suffer from some problems that negatively affect their suitability for certain situations. Most notably, touch screens are di�cult to operate blindly, without looking at the screen. If we can understand what aspects of touch screens are responsible for which problems, and subsequently �nd solutions to mitigate those problems, the application area of touch screens can be greatly improved. In this study, we look at the problems of inattentive operation of peripheral touch controls and their solutions, before trying out a novel solution based on adding richer tactile feedback to the touch interface. In an experimental evaluation, a prototype with this feedback resulted in signi�cantly less visual distraction compared to an interface without tactile feedback and was generally preferred by most users.
B-AMC – Aeronautical Broadband Communication in the L-Band

B-AMC (Broadband Aeronautical Multi-Carrier communications) is a proposal for a future aeronautical communica-tions system to be operated in the aeronautical L-band. B-AMC is based on the results of the Broadband-VHF (B-VHF) project, although, due to the different spectrum allo-cation and propagation conditions in the L-band, basic physical layer parameters had to be adapted. In that process, the physical layer has been redesigned such as to support air to ground (A/G) communication as well as direct air to air (A/A) communication without requiring a ground relay station. The B-AMC system has been de-signed to coexist with Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) in terms of interference and duty-cycle. As a result of the physical layer adaptations a different approach for the higher layers has been required. The revised B-AMC data link layer is based on the experience gained during the B-VHF project. One key issue for the revision was the conceptional shift from primarily supporting digital voice to optimised data communications. The other design goals were the definition of a data link protocol stack capable of fulfilling the stringent requirements of the aeronautical environment – providing high performance, low latency and low duty cycle. The B-AMC study is funded by EUROCONTROL.
SCENARIOS FOR MEETING CALIFORNIA'S 2050 CLIMATE GOALS California's Carbon Challenge Phase II Volume I: Non-Electricity Sectors and Overall Scenario Results

This study provides an updated analysis of long-term energy system scenarios for California consistent with the State meeting its 2050 climate goal, including detailed analysis and assessment of electricity system build-out, operation, and costs across the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) region. Four key elements are found to be critical for the State to achieve its 2050 goal of 80 percent greenhouse (GHG) reductions from the 1990 level: aggressive energy efficiency; clean electricity; widespread electrification of passenger vehicles, building heating, and industry heating; and large-scale production of low-carbon footprint biofuels to largely replace petroleum-based liquid fuels. The approach taken here is that technically achievable energy efficiency measures are assumed to be achieved by 2050 and aggregated with the other key elements mentioned above to estimate resultant emissions in 2050. The energy and non-energy sectors are each assumed to havethe objective of meeting an 80 percent reduction from their respective 1990 GHG levels for the purposes of analysis. A different partitioning of energy and non-energy sector GHG greenhouse reductions is allowed if emission reductions in one sector are more economic or technically achievable than in the other. Similarly, within the energy or non-energy sectors, greater or less than 80 percent reduction from 1990 is allowed for sub-sectors within the energy or non-energy sectors as long as the overall target is achieved. Overall emissions for the key economy-wide scenarios are considered in this report. All scenarios are compliant or nearly compliant with the 2050 goal. This finding suggests that multiple technical pathways exist to achieve the target with aggressive policy support and continued technology development of largely existing technologies.
Soluset Insulin Solution Treatment Algorithm (SISTA) for Hyperglycaemic Emergencies among Adults in Low Income Countries

industrial processes to prevent reactions to the animal insulins by the patients on insulin therapy. This went on until the 1980s. Through genetic engineering and intensive researches, Eli Lilly Corporation mass-produced human insulin [5]. This was a paradigm shift in insulin pharmacotherapy. Organisms such as Escherichia coli and yeasts are being used to grow human insulin through the process of Deoxyribonucleic (DNA) technology [5]. The manufactured insulins are subjected to purification processes such as high performance liquid chromatography, gel filtration and x-ray crystallography to ensure quality control. By the mid 1990’s, researchers started working on the modification of the amino acid sequencing coded by the insulin gene so as to produce insulin with better pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. These insulins are called analogue insulins. Examples of the analogue insulins include rapid actin insulins such as (lispro, aspart and glulisine), long acting insulins (such as detemir and glargine) and ultra-long acting insulins (such as degludec). Insulin can be administered subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously. Oral insulins are still under intense research while inhaled insulins have not received clinical patronization compared Abstract Prevalence of diabetes mellitus is