Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stable colonization of native plants and early invaders by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi after exposure to recent invaders from the Asteraceae family

Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Glomeromycota) are globally distributed symbionts of plant roots. Relationships with arbuscular mycorrhizae can provide crucial support for the establishment of any plant in an unfavorable environment. We hypothesized that invasions of neophytes are associated with changes in the colonization of native plants and early invaders (archeophytes) by AMF. We examined changes in AMF colonization in yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) and wild carrot (Daucus carota L.) (native plants) and tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) and false oatgrass [Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauv. ex J. Presl & C. Presl] (archeophytes) in response to the invasion of four neophytes from the Asteraceae family, namely great globethistle (Echinops sphaerocephalus L.), New York aster [Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) G. L. Nesom agg. ], annual fleabane [Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. ], and Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.). We found that the AMF colonization of the Asteraceae neophytes was high in the studied monodominant invasions, and the AMF colonization of the neophytes was higher than or equal to that of the studied native plants and archeophytes. Changes in plant dominance did not serve as predictors of the extent of AMF colonization of the native plants and archeophytes despite the invaded plots being associated with strong changes in the availability of primary and secondary mineral nutrients. The absence of a response of AMF colonization of native and archeophyte plant species to the invasion of neophytes suggests that AMF are passengers, rather than drivers, in the course of Asteraceae invasions in central European environments.
Natural and Synthetic Nanomaterials in Microbial Biotechnologies for Crop Production

Nanoparticles of various materials (up to 100 nm in size) are characterized by a large surface area, which significantly increases their reactive properties. This makes promissing the studies of their possible application in different technologies, including those in the agricultural production sector. This review summarizes the literature on the distribution and properties of natural nanoparticles in the environment. The features of the interaction between various types of microorganisms, nanoparticles of natural minerals, oxides of metals and carbon nanoparticles are analyzed. The review also summarizes the data on the effect of nanoparticles of different origin on microorganisms, plant growth and development. It also presents the information on the effectiveness of the use of clay mineral nanoparticles in the production of complex bacterial preparations for plant growing and the prospects of using nanoparticles of metal oxides in this industry.
Positive-Unlabelled Learning based Novelty Detection for Industrial Chillers

Chiller systems are used in many different applications in both the industrial and the commercial sector. They are considered major energy consumers and thus contribute a non-negligible factor to environmental pollution as well as to the overall operating cost. In addition, chillers, especially in industrial applications, are often associated with high reliability requirements, as unplanned system downtimes are usually costly. As many studies over the past decades have shown, the presence of faults can lead to significant performance degradation and thus higher energy consumption of these systems. Thus, data-driven fault detection plays an ever-increasing role in terms of energy efficient control strategies. However, labelled data to train associated algorithms are often only available to a limited extent, which consequently inhibits the broad application of such technologies. Therefore, this paper presents an approach that exploits only a small amount of labelled and large amounts of unlabelled data in the training phase in order to detect fault related anomalies. For this, the model utilizes the residual space of the data transformed through principal component analyses in conjunction with a biased support vector machine, which can be ascribed to the concept of semi-supervised learning, or more specifically, positive-unlabelled learning.
Prevalence of Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae Infections among Iranian Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important pathogen of children, mostly in developing countries. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of invasive S. pneumoniae among Iranian children using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic search was carried out to identify papers published by Iranian authors in the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar electronic databases from January of 2010 to December of 2017. Then, seven publications that met our inclusion criteria were selected for data extraction and analysis. Results: Totally, one study was multicenter, and six were single-center based studies. Meanwhile, all of the included studied performed among hospitalized patients. Seven studies reported the prevalence of invasive S. pneumoniae isolated from children, of these the pooled prevalence of S. pneumoniae was 2.5% (95% CI: 0.7%–9.1%). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of invasive S. pneumoniae infections among Iranian children is low (2.5%). However, further clinical studies are required to elucidate the burden of infections among Iranian children, especially in eastern regions.
MRI-Based Demonstration of the Normal Glymphatic System in a Human Population: A Systematic Review

Background The glymphatic system has been described as one that facilitates the exchange between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid, and many recent studies have demonstrated glymphatic flow based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We aim to systematically review the studies demonstrating a normal glymphatic flow in a human population using MRI and to propose a detailed glymphatic imaging protocol. Methods We searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases to identify studies with human participants involving MRI-based demonstrations of the normal glymphatic flow. We extracted data on the imaging sequence, imaging protocol, and the targeted anatomical structures on each study. Results According to contrast-enhanced MRI studies, peak enhancement was sequentially detected first in the CSF space, followed by the brain parenchyma, the meningeal lymphatic vessel (MLV), and, finally, the cervical lymph nodes, corresponding with glymphatic flow and explaining the drainage into the MLV. Non-contrast flow-sensitive MRI studies revealed similar glymphatic inflow from the CSF space to the brain parenchyma and efflux of exchanged fluid from the brain parenchyma to the MLV. Conclusion We may recommend T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI for visualizing glymphatic flow. Our result can increase understanding of the glymphatic system and may lay the groundwork for establishing central nervous system fluid dynamic theories and developing standardized imaging protocols.
A Systematic Review of the Relationship Between Human Resource Management, Ethnic Diversity, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Performance

The employee is an integral part of any organization, the job performance of the employee is linked to his/her job satisfaction, and this influences the employee’s level of motivation on the job which directly reflects on the organizational productivity. The human resource management (HRM) has the key role of ensuring that the rights of each employee are respected as well as ensuring the protection of interests and job satisfaction of the employees. This study seeks to examine the relationship between the human resource management, ethnic diversity, job satisfaction, and organizational productivity, highlighting the role of the human resource management on the management of ethnic diversity, job satisfaction as well as organizational performance. This paper is based on previous research studies data from google scholar from the year 2010 to 2020. 19 articles were found related to the search keywords. This paper would be relevant for further study on the relevant areas to tackle to improve the organizational performance as well as its productivity.
High-quality rapid fabrication method of a D-shaped optical fiber based on a CO2 laser

D-shaped fibers have attracted widespread attention due to their special structure and excellent performances. However, the fabrication of D-shaped fiber faces many challenges. Mechanical polishing and chemical etching are two traditional methods for D-shaped fiber fabrication, in which micro-crack or contamination is unavoidable. In this paper, we report an efficient method to produce D-shaped fiber with a pulsed CO2 laser. The effects of processing parameters on processing efficiency and surface quality are investigated experimentally, and the processing defects such as melting debris and oscillation are also studied. The optimized processing parameters are provided.
Mass Customization Capabilities in Practice – Introducing the Mass into Customized Tech-Textiles in an SME Network

Volume 12 / No 2 / June 2021 / 115 128 Original research article journal homepage: http://ijiemjournal.uns. ac.rs/ E. Korneeva a*, S. Hönigsberg b, F. T. Piller a a RWTH Aachen University, School of Business and Economics, Aachen, Germany; b Chemnitz University of Technology, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Chemnitz, Germany
An Alternative to the Dark Matter? Part 2: A Close Universe (10-9 s to 3 Gy), Galaxies and Structures Formation

A cosmological model was developed using the equation of state of photon gas, as well as cosmic time. The primary objective of this model is to see if determining the observed rotation speed of galactic matter is possible, without using dark matter (halo) as a parameter. To do so, a numerical application of the evolution of variables in accordance with cosmic time and a new state equation was developed to determine precise, realistic values for a number of cosmological parameters, such as the energy of the universe U, cosmological constant Λ, the curvature of space k, energy density ρΛe (part 1). The age of the universe in cosmic time that is in line with positive energy conservation (in terms of conventional thermodynamics) and the creation of proton, neutron, electron, and neutrino masses, is ~76 [Gy] (observed ~ 70 [km · s-1 · Mpc-1]). In this model, what is usually referred to as dark energy actually corresponds to the energy of the universe that has not been converted to mass, and which acts on the mass created by the energy-mass equivalence principle and the cosmological gravity field, FΛ, associated with the cosmological constant, which is high during the primordial formation of the galaxies (Pc0 and thus determine our possible relative position in the universe at cosmic time 0.1813 (t0/tΩ = 13.8[Gy]/76.1[Gy]). Therefore, from the observed age of 13.8 [Gy], we can derive a possible cosmic age of ~76.1 [Gy]. That energy of the universe, when taken into consideration during the formation of the first galaxies (<1 [Gy]), provides a relatively adequate explanation of the non-Keplerian rotation of galactic masses.
What Kind of Islamophobia? Representation of Muslims and Islam in Italian and Spanish Media

News media play a crucial role in the production and reproduction of stereotypes, influencing public opinions regarding different groups and minorities. Thus, acquiring a deeper understanding of media coverage of Muslims and Islam is decisive for understanding the sources of public attitudes towards Muslims. This study aims at displaying how Muslims and Islam are represented in Italian and Spanish media. Focusing on the online version of the two most influential newspapers in each country (El Mundo and El País for Spain and Il Corriere della Sera and La Repubblica for Italy) from 2015 to 2020, the results show how Muslims in both countries are mostly framed either related to terrorism or within the general discourse on immigration. In both cases, they are portrayed as “others”. The article also presents a novelty, defining and observing two different types of Islamophobia, Banal and Ontological Islamophobia.
Accessing Chemo- and Regioselective Benzylic and Aromatic Oxidations by Protein Engineering of an Unspecific Peroxygenase

Unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) enable oxyfunctionalizations of a broad substrate range with unparalleled activities. Tailoring these enzymes for chemo- and regioselective transformations represents a grand challenge due to the difficulties in their heterologous productions. Herein, we performed protein engineering in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using the MthUPO from Myceliophthora thermophila. More than 5300 transformants were screened. This protein engineering led to a significant reshaping of the active site as elucidated by computational modelling. The reshaping was responsible for the increased oxyfunctionalization activity, with improved kcat/Km values of up to 16.5-fold for the model substrate 5-nitro-1,3-benzodioxole. Moreover, variants were identified with high chemo- and regioselectivities in the oxyfunctionalization of aromatic and benzylic carbons, respectively. The benzylic hydroxylation was demonstrated to perform with enantioselectivities of up to 95% ee. The proposed evolutionary protocol and rationalization of the enhanced activities and selectivities acquired by MthUPO variants represent a step forward toward the use and implementation of UPOs in biocatalytic synthetic pathways of industrial interest.
Reexamining the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall–ENSO Relationship From Its Recovery in the 21st Century: Role of the Indian Ocean SST Anomaly Associated With Types of ENSO Evolution

This study found that the relationship between the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) and El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has recovered since 2001, and the relationship strength is closely related to the summer tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly, with the TIO warming (cooling) indicating a stronger (weaker) relationship. Under the same El Niño/La Niña scenario, different signs of the TIO anomaly indicate distinct atmospheric circulation anomalies over the Indian Ocean, thus affecting the ISMR–ENSO relationship. The TIO anomaly is principally associated with different types of ENSO temporal evolution. Strong El Niño events with an early onset, and the transition of El Niño to La Niña, tend to have a warmer TIO and a stronger ISMR–ENSO relationship, in contrast to most of the cases of a decaying La Niña or a La Niña that persists throughout the year. The result brings a prospect for improving the ISMR prediction.
Do levels of sedentary behaviour and physical activity differ according to weight-bearing status after lower limb fracture? A prospective cohort study

To determine whether sedentary behaviour and physical activity differ according to initial weight-bearing status 2 weeks and 6 months after lower limb (LL) fracture. Two weeks and 6 months following LL fracture, 47 adults aged 18–69 wore ActiGraph and activPAL accelerometers for 10 days. Sitting time, steps, and moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA) were compared between weight-bearing (WB) and non-weight-bearing (NWB) groups. Two weeks post-discharge, the NWB group sat significantly more than the WB group (median: 14.1 h/day vs. 13.3 h/day; p = 0.04). These differences were apparent for female and middle-aged participants. At 6 months, there were no significant differences between weight-bearing groups for sitting time, steps or MPA. Weight-bearing restriction had an early impact on sitting time, but this impact lessened over time. While considering the need for rest, advice about reducing sitting time may be particularly important for people who are NWB post-fracture.
Heat wave magnitude over India under changing climate: Projections from CMIP5 and CMIP6 experiments

Atmospheric warming is expected to increase the magnitude and frequency of extreme climatic events namely floods, droughts, heat waves, and so on. Thus, the present study attempts to answer the following research questions; (i) What are the possible implications on future heat wave events due to the projected temperature? (ii) What are the expected changes in heat wave properties under different classifications of heat wave events under different climate scenarios? (iii) Whether the future projection of heat wave events differ significantly under CMIP5 and CMIP6 experiments over India? To answer the above questions, the present study uses the bias‐corrected future projections of maximum temperature (Tmax) from 26 GCMs that is, 13 from CMIP5 and 13 from CMIP6 experiments. In addition, two RCPs (4.5 and 8.5) under CMIP5 and four SSPs (126, 245, 370, and 585) under CMIP6 scenarios are considered. The Heat Wave Magnitude Index (HWMI) is used to characterize the heat wave over India. The essential findings from the study indicate that the Tmax anomaly is likely to increase (SSP126 < SSP245 < SSP370 < SSP585 and RCP4.5 < RCP8.5) in future causing more intense, high frequency, and long duration heat wave events over India. Presently unaffected large regions of southern, northeast, and western parts are expected to be severely affected by heat wave events. More intense heat wave events are likely to occur under RCP8.5 scenario as compared to SSP585 scenario. The percentage of affected area is projected to increase significantly from SSP126 to SSP585 under extreme and very extreme heat wave events. Under RCP8.5 scenario, the average duration of heat wave events for very extreme, and super extreme classifications is significantly higher than SSP585 scenario. Our findings suggest the paramount necessity of adaptation strategies to address the adverse consequences of foreseen heat wave events.
Combined Effects of Global Warming and Ozone Depletion/Recovery on Southern Hemisphere Atmospheric Circulation and Regional Precipitation

Ozone depletion led to a positive trend in the summertime Southern Annular Mode (SAM) during the last decades of the 20th century. During the present century, global warming (GW) is expected to contribute to a positive SAM trend while ozone recovery is expected to act in the opposite direction. Here, Southern Hemisphere (SH) circulation and regional precipitation change are studied with a methodology that separates the effects from GW and ozone depletion/recovery. Our results show that a “tug‐of‐war” between ozone and GW occurs in the summertime stratosphere, propagating to the troposphere where it is manifest in the SAM. However, at the regional scale this “tug‐of‐war” is not as relevant as the combined effects of other remote drivers of circulation change, which force different kinds of precipitation changes in the SH. For regional precipitation changes, the uncertainty in future circulation change is as important as the uncertainty in the GW level.
Utility of wearable physical activity monitors in cardiovascular disease: a systematic review of 11 464 patients and recommendations for optimal use

Abstract Aims Physical activity (PA) plays an important role in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), functioning as a marker of disease progression and response to therapy. Real-world measurement of habitual PA is now possible through wearable activity monitors, however, their use in cardiovascular patients is not well described. Methods and results We performed a systematic review to summarize how wearable activity monitors have been used to measure PA in patients with CVD, with 11 464 patients included across 108 studies. Activity monitors were primarily used in the setting of cardiac rehabilitation (46, 43%). Most often, triaxial accelerometers (70, 65%) were instructed to be worn at the hip (58, 54%) for 7 days (n = 54, 50%). Thirty-nine different activity monitors were used, with a range of accelerometer specific settings for collection and reporting of activity data. Activity was reported most commonly as time spent in metabolic equivalent-defined activity levels (49, 45%), while non-wear time was defined in just 16 (15%) studies. Conclusion The collecting, processing, and reporting of accelerometer-related outcomes were highly heterogeneous. Most validation studies are limited to healthy young adults, while the paucity of methodological information disclosed renders interpretation of results and cross-study comparison challenging. While accelerometers are promising tools to measure real-world PA, we highlight current challenges facing their use in elderly multimorbid cardiology patients. We suggest recommendations to guide investigators using these devices in cardiovascular research. Future work is required to determine optimal methodology and consensus-based development of meaningful outcomes using raw acceleration data.
Triple Shehu transform and its properties with applications

In the current paper, the concept of one-dimensional Shehu Transform have been generalized into three-dimensional Shehu Transform namely, Triple Shehu Transform (TRHT). Further, some main properties, several theorems and properties related to the TRHT have been established. Triple Shehu transform was used in solving fractional partial differential equations, with the fractional derivative described in Caputo sense. The proposed scheme finds the solution without any discretization, transformation or restrictive assumptions. Several examples are given to check the reliability and efficiency of the proposed technique. Key words: Caputo fractional derivative, exponential order, Triple Shehu transforms, partial derivative, uniqueness.
Barley Malt Treated with Enzymes Increases Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Activity

The purpose of this study was to improve the functionality of a healthy drink with examining the possibility of manufacturing different enzymes (alpha-, beta-, glucose-amylase) in barley malts (BM) produced in various malting periods. The study showed that enzyme treatment increased significantly total polyphenol content (TPC), DPPH radical scavenging activity and hydroxly radical scavenging activity in malted liquid samples (MLS) which obtained from various malting periods. The highest of TPC were found in Gluco-24M with 1.981 ㎎TAE/㎖, followed by Beta-24M and Alpha-72M with 1.878 ㎎TAE/㎖ and 1.845 ㎎TAE/㎖, respectively. The DPPH result revealed that percent of inhibition increased by 71-75% compared to the control. No statistical difference was found between MLS obtained by 24 hr of malting (24 M) and 72 hr of malting (72 M) after enzyme treatment. In addition, an increasing of hydroxyl radical was in the same trend to the TPC and DPPH. The hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of enzyme treated samples was 1,5 times higher than the control. These results suggest the possibility of enzyme application to barley malts obtained in various germination periods for improving quality and functionality of barley malts.
Subduction Polarity Reversal: Induced or Spontaneous?

Subduction polarity reversal (SPR) is the subduction initiation process following the arc‐continent collision. Previous models emphasized the need for the external compressional force to induce it. However, the explanation of different geological structures in the reported SPR zones was poor. Based on our new thermomechanical model, we confirm the possibility of establishing a spontaneous SPR system, which is self‐sustained by negative buoyancy. The spontaneous SPR will occur when the whole overriding oceanic plate has a small plastic strength, while the arc‐continent collision system with a strong overriding plate and a limited weak back‐arc/arc structure prefers the compression‐induced SPR. Moreover, a rather young oceanic plate (≤20 Ma) can trigger the SPR without any weak area. This study provides new insights into the different initiation mechanisms and evolutionary pathways of the potential Cenozoic SPR events in Ryukyu, Kamchatka, and New Hebrides.