Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computer Security Threats: Small Business Professionals’ Confidence in Their Knowledge of Common Computer Threats

This paper investigates the possible existence of overconfidence by small business professionals in their knowledge of different types of computer security threats. Specifically, this article focuses on the ability of small business owners and managers to understand and identify four main types: viruses, Trojans, spyware, and phishing attacks. Contrary to our expectations, subjects did not exhibit overconfidence in their knowledge of computer security threats. Implications for education and practice are discussed.
Thermochemical pressurization of faults during coseismic slip

[1] During earthquakes, frictional heating on the fault plane induces a temperature rise and thus a pore pressure rise, which is known as thermal pressurization (TP). Coseismic mineral dehydrations may occur because of this temperature increase and are included within the TP framework. Dehydrations are modeled as a source term for pore pressure because of the total volume change and as a sink term for temperature because they are endothermic. The reaction occurs within the slipping zone when a threshold temperature Ts is reached. Dehydration reaction kinetic is modeled using a first-order reaction rate. Using energy and fluid mass conservation, we derive analytically the equations of evolution of pore pressure, temperature, and reaction extent in the undrained, adiabatic case using a constant reaction rate. We investigate the values of the kinetic rate constant required to produce a significant effect, which are much higher than laboratory data reported in the literature on clay, serpentine, and phyllosilicate dehydration. We show, however, that such high values can be reached if the temperature dependency of the rate constant is taken into account. Next, we include fluid and heat transport and use an Arrhenius law to calculate the rate constant as a function of temperature. The subsequent set of differential equations is then solved numerically. The main effect of dehydration reactions is an increase of pore pressure and a stabilization of the temperature during slip. We explore a wide range of parameters in order to determine in which cases dehydration can be considered as a nonnegligible process. For high-permeability rocks (>10−18 m2) and when the amount of water that can be released is of the order of 10%, dehydration is an important mechanism as it delays the onset of melting, which would normally occur even within the TP framework. If the onset temperature is low compared to the initial temperature T0 (Ts − T0 ≲ 150°C), overpressure can occur. If the reactions are highly endothermic and if their kinetic is fast enough, frictional melting would not occur unless the dehydration reactions are completed within the slipping zone.
SER-PD – Polish adaptation of the My Emotions Scale for the assessment of parents’ emotional reactions to child’s crying

The Polish adaptation of the My Emotions Scale measuring parental self-reported emotional reactions to a child’s crying is presented. The scale measures parent-oriented (amusement, anxiety, frustration) and infant-oriented (sympathy and empathy) emotional reactions to a child’s crying, which has been defined as the most obvious early attachment behaviour. A total of 495 parents of small children (including 376 mothers, no couples) took part in the study. Females were M = 27.79 ( SD = 5.01) years old on average, whereas mean age of men was M = 31.71 ( SD = 5.37) years. The majority of participants (74.90%) had one child. The average age of the assessed child was M = 9.17 months ( SD = 4.43). Reliability and validity properties of the scale are presented. results The results confirmed the five-factor model, which showed adequate fit indices. The SER-PD has adequate internal con-sistency. The criterion-related validity of the scale was estab-lished by correlating five dimensions of parental emotional reactions to the child’s crying with measures of dispositional empathy and contextually neutral emotional reactions. The SER-PD gives the opportunity for broader analyses of the parental responsiveness construct. It is a useful tool to examine parent-child interactions easily and noninva-sively, in large samples, and in situations where qualitative data might be difficult to obtain.
Occurrence and characterization of Escherichia coli in raw lettuce consumed in a military hospital

A healthy diet requires raw vegetable intake. However, Escherichia coli, one of the bacteria constituting the human and animal intestinal microflora, sometimes contaminate vegetables, including lettuce. In places where food is prepared on a large scale, the presence of Escherichia coli constitutes a reliable indication of fecal contamination. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of Escherichia coli contaminating 100 raw lettuce heads destined for consumption at a military hospital, and to characterize the 27 isolates recovered therefrom, with regard to their susceptibility to antibiotics as well as their phylogenetic groups and the occurrence of class 1 and 2 integrons. Ten specimens were bacteriologically non-satisfactory. Furthermore, 17 isolates (63%) were sensitive to all antibiotics tested, whereas 10 isolates (37%) were resistant to different antibiotics. Among these, 18.5% were resistant to 3 antibiotics, 11.11% were resistant to 3 other antibiotics and 7.4% were resistant to yet 2 other antibiotics. The majority of isolates (74%) segregated into phylogenetic groups A and B1, suggesting that they are commensal strains. However, 26% fell into groups B2 and D, hence constituting potentially virulent entities. Among the isolates, 51.8% harboured class 1 integrons, while 48.15% were devoid of integrons. The isolates exhibiting resistance to different antibiotics carried class 1 integrons. Our study revealed high levels of E.coli contaminating lettuce, thus a potential risk for foodborne outbreaks. The isolates displayed resistance to different antibiotics correlating with the presence of class 1 integrons, and are armed with a pathogenic potential due to strains of B2 and D groups.
Exploring Three Way Contexts for Word Sense Discrimination

In this paper, an extension of a dimensionality reduction algorithm called non-negative matrix factorization is presented that combines ‘bag of words’ data and syntactic data, in order to find latent semantic dimensions according to which both words and syntactic relations can be classified. The use of three way data allows one to determine which dimension(s) are responsible for a certain sense of a word, and adapt the corresponding feature vector accordingly, ‘subtracting’ one sense to discover another one. The intuition in this is that the syntactic features of the syntax-based approach can be disambiguated by the latent semantic dimensions found by the bag of words approach.
Design and analysis of a gas turbine blade by using FEM

The first stage rotor blade of a gas turbine has been analyzed for structural, thermal analysis using ANSYS (Finite Element Analysis Software). The material of the blade was specified as INCONEL 718. The thermal boundary conditions on the rotor blade are taken from the reference. The temperature distribution across the blade is obtained. The maximum stress up to which the blade can withstand is known and the stress distributions across the blade are obtained accordingly. The obtained results are compared with N-155, Mild Steel and the most suitable material is discussed. In final the actual fir tree model blade root compared with I-section model blade root, results are tabulated and it is observed that stress distribution less in fir tree model that the I-section model.
Commandes robustes appliquees au controle assiste d'un vehicule a basse vitesse

Cette these s'inscrit dans un contexte d'automatisation a basse vitesse des vehicules. La congestion du trafic peri-urbain represente quotidiennement un veritable fleau pour les conducteurs car les temps de parcours sont fortement augmentes malgre des distances parcourues souvent courtes. L'automatisation a basse vitesse permet alors d'homogeneiser le trafic tout en garantissant un temps de parcours moindre et contribue aussi a la reduction de la tâche du conducteur. Cette etude s'inscrit dans un contexte de se����curite et de confort. L'analyse de la congestion est effectuee en termes d'inter-distance et de vitesse du vehicule. Des mesures sur les autoroutes parisiennes ont ete relevees et renseignent sur la facon dont le conducteur gere la distance et le temps inter-vehiculaires en fonction de sa vitesse. Un modele parametrique de l'inter-distance est developpe, les parametres etant estimes par filtrage de Kalman. L'interet est alors de generer des consignes realistes pour la commande de vehicule. A partir du modele de vehicule (modeles d'analyse et synthese de lois de commande pour une approche pluridisciplinaire automatique et transport), des commandes robustes non-lineaires sont synthetisees (Modes glissants d'ordre 1 et 2, Controle optimal) et adaptees au vehicule. Des simulations permettent de determiner les resultats obtenus avec de tels systemes, pour un controle autonome ou cooperatif, en individuel ou en file. L'utilisation d'une technique de sequencement de gain associee a une commande Hinfini par loop-shape permet le controle lateral du vehicule a des vitesses differentes, en changement de voie et suivi de voie. Finalement, un vehicule equipe pour une conduite partagee entre conducteur et automate permet de tester plusieurs scenarii de controle longitudinal a basse vitesse. Ils ont ete valides en temps reel au cours du congres IEEE Intelligent Vehicle IV2002 (suivi a basse vitesse, stop and go, arret sur obstacles,. . . ).
Diversity among some Egyptian isolates of Rhizoctonia solani based on anastomosis grouping, molecular identification and virulence on common bean

1 Science Department, Teachers College, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. 2 Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. 3 City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Arid Lands Research and development institute, New Borg El-Arab, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt. 4 Mycological Research and Disease Survey Department, Plant Pathology Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Sonophysically‐Exfoliated Individual Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Water Solution

We report the sonophysically-exfoliated methods access to the preparation of homogeneous-free multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in water solution. Highly stable, uniform, individual MWCNTs are entirely performed through sodium dodecylsulfate surfactants by means of a tip sinicator. HRTEM images show that the crystalline finger walls of individual CNTs are apparently observed. Raman spectrum of MWCNTs shows that the so-called G'-band, associated with metallic electronic structure, was significantly observed at 2644 cm -1 with full-width at half-maximum of 262 cm -1 , indicating that the sonication physical methods do not alter their electric properties. Owing to its easy-to-use procedure and low cost of implementation, this approach could lead to the commercial viability of the large-scale MWCNTs processing.
Producers’ Perception of Collective Action Initiatives in the Production and Marketing of Kola in Cameroon

Collective action has been promoted as a strategy to improve the incomes of small scale producers in many developing countries, primarily by reducing transaction costs and improving farmers’ bargaining power. This paper evaluates producers’ perception of collective action initiatives which have been used in Cameroon for the production and marketing of kola nuts. Using a perceptual evaluation and cluster analysis based on interviews with 203 kola producers in western highlands of Cameroon, findings reveal that producers evaluate effectiveness of collective action based on 5 main groups of criteria: reduced transaction costs, new learning and skills acquisition, market and financial status, social networks and status, and unfavorable dimensions. Furthermore, two main types of producers who evaluate the collective initiatives differently are identified: the positive group and the unimpressed group. Higher proportions of women and youth are in the unimpressed group than in the positive group, suggesting that more needs to be done to understand their perspectives and better target collective action initiatives to their needs and circumstances. The paper concludes that promoters of collective action initiatives need to adopt differentiated strategies to enhance its adoption in the study area.
Job Performance, Turnover, and Wage Growth

This article presents evidence that turnover is negatively selective on a worker's job performance. At establishments with about 17 employees, workers who are 1 SD (21%) less productive than average during the first few months on the job are 11 percentage points more likely to be laid off or fired and 7 percentage points more likely to quit during the succeeding year. At large nonunion establishments and in small labor markets, productivity has large effects on involuntary separations but almost no effect on quits. Productivity appears to be positively related to layoffs and quits at unionized establishments.
Consideration the Effects of Water Sector Investment In Economic Development in Iran

Energy is one of the most important influential factors on economic growth. Water is one of the main inputs for many other sectors. In this study, in order to see the effects of water sector investment from production function, we use economic time series database of national accounts in central bank, vice-presidency for strategic planning and supervision, and Iran water resources management co., which were gathered during 1980-2010. As economic growth and different sectors value added (agriculture, industry and mine, services, and petroleum sectors) variables used in empirical analysis was integrated of order one, employed Granger causality test. Results show for different sectors (agriculture, industry and mine, services, and petroleum sectors) in Iranian economy implies that the elasticity of water investment in agricultural sector is significant, and positive, and for the rest of the other sectors is non-significant. Also results show that in the short-run and long run, the Granger causality runs from economic growth to water resource investment and vice versa in Iran. Key words : water investment, economic development, cointegration;
Opium for the Masses: How Foreign Free Media Can Stabilize Authoritarian Regimes

A common claim in the democratization literature is that foreign free media undermine authoritarian rule. No reliable micro-level evidence on this topic exists, however, since independent survey research is rarely possible in authoritarian regimes and self-selection into media consumption complicates causal inferences. In this case study of the impact of West German television on political attitudes in communist East Germany, we address these problems by making use of previously secret survey data and a natural experiment. While most East Germans were able to tune in to West German broadcasts, some of them were cut off from West German television due to East Germany's topography. We exploit this plausibly exogenous variation to estimate the impact of West German television on East Germans' political attitudes using instrumental variable estimators. Contrary to conventional wisdom, East Germans who watched West German television were more satisfied with life in East Germany and the communist regime. To explain this surprising finding, we demonstrate that West German television's role in transmitting political information not available in the state-controlled communist media was insignificant and that television primarily served as a means of entertainment for East Germans. Archival material on the reaction of the East German regime to the availability of West German television corroborates our argument.
The impact of performance skills on students' attitudes towards the learning experience in higher education

One way to assist in transforming a lecture experience into an occasion that can attract and engage students is via the use of performance techniques. Investigating the impact of certain types of performance skills on students' attitudes towards the learning experience can help better understand the relevance of such techniques in face to face and online learning experiences. This paper outlines a project which: i) surveyed students about their attitudes towards face to face and online recorded lectures, ii) surveyed students about their attitudes towards performance techniques, in particular, spatial awareness, vocalisation, eye contact and passion, iii) interviewed lecturers about the potential benefits of performance techniques to student learning in the lecture theatre, and iv) investigated which factors most affected a teacher's decision to incorporate performance techniques in the lecture theatre. The results suggest that students and lecturers value face to face delivery of content, recognising the benefit of performance techniques in the lecture theatre. Recommendations are made regarding ways to encourage a wider use and evaluation of performance techniques in teaching and learning at the university level.
Pljushtchia prima, new moth genus and species from Tadjikistan (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)

A new genus and species of geometrid moths from Tadjikistan is described and its position in the taxonomic structure of the subfamily Larentiinae is analysed. The new genus is grouped, based on the parsimony analysis of 38 morphological characters, to coniferous-feeding genera of the tribe Cidariini as follows: (Thera (Pennithera (Protothera (Pljushtchia gen. n. Heterothera)))). Pljushtchia is characterised by the antennae, unipectinate in males and flat, serrate in females, by a reduced haustellum, the venation of wings and the structure of the genitalia. The Thera firmata species group is validated as a genus Protothera. The tribe Cidariini includes four groups of related genera and is most speciose in southeastern Asia.
Biological and biochemical responses of infected Biomphalaria alexandrina snails with Schistosoma mansoni post exposure to the pesticides Basudin and Selecron and the phytoalkaloid Colchicine

This study aims to detect the molluscicidal properties of the pesticides Basudin and Selecron and the phytoalkaloid Colchicine against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails including their infection withSchistosoma mansoni, production of cercariae, the levels of total protein, globulin and albumin and the activities of alanine and aspartate transaminases (AlT and AsT) and acid and alkaline phosphatases (AcP and AkP) enzymes in tissues of treated snails. The molluscicide Bayluscide was used as a reference compound. After 24 h of snails exposure to the tested compounds, Selecron was the most toxic one. Moreover, about 96% death rates of S. mansoni miracidia and cercariae was recorded after 45 min of exposure to the snails' LC90s of Basudin and Selecron. In addition, infection rates of snailswith S. mansoni and cercarial production were reduced post their exposure to LC10 and LC25 of Basudin, Selecron and Bayluscide and to 100 and 250 ppm Colchicine either during or post snails exposure to miracidia. Thus, snails exposure to LC25 of Selecron reduced cercarial production from 795.2 cercariae/control snail to 72.5 cercariae/infected treated snail. The results, also, revealed thattotal protein, globulin and albumin concentrations of treated snails were less than control group, while activities of the enzymes AsT, AlT and AkP were elevated. It is concluded that the tested compounds have deleterious effects on viability of S. mansoni miracidia and cercariae, the snails' biochemical parameters, their infection with this parasite and production of cercariae from infected snails. Then, accidental introduction of such chemicals to irrigation system during agricultural activities could negatively interrupt and/or prevent schistosomiasis transmission. Key words: Pesticides, snails, Schistosoma mansoni, transaminases, phosphatases activities
Two Centuries of Economic Growth: Europe Chasing the American Frontier

Starting from the same level of productivity and per-capita income as the United States in the mid-nineteenth century, Europe fell behind steadily to a level of barely half in 1950, and then began a rapid catch-up. While Europe's level of productivity has almost converged, its income per person has leveled off at about three-quarters of America's. How could Europe be so productive yet so poor? The simple answer is that hours per person in Europe have fallen drastically in the past 40 years, reflecting long vacations, high unemployment, and low labor force participation, and only about one-third of the Europe-America difference reflects voluntarily chosen leisure. The paper contains a welfare analysis of the difference and argues that conventional national income data overstate the advantage of America over Europe, and that Europe's welfare is about 8 percent below the American level rather than the 25 percent implied by a comparison of measured income per capita. A historical analysis traces Europe's falling behind after 1870 to American political unity, fostering large-scale material-intensive manufacturing and a set of marketing innovations to a set of additional advantages that would not have been possessed even if Europe had hypothetically created a United States of Europe in 1870. After 1913 the U. S. surged further ahead, due to its early exploitation of the great inventions of electricity and the internal combustion engine, while Europe was distracted by wars and interwar economic chaos. After 1950 Europe's catch up was achieved both by exploiting the great inventions 40 years late, and also by the gradual erosion of early American advantages. But after 1995 the gap began to widen again, a development that brings to the forefront fundamental American advantages in fostering and exploiting innovation.
Finite-Element Analysis of H-Plane Waveguide Junction with Arbitrarily Shaped Ferrite Post

A numerical approach for solving the problem of H-plane waveguide junctions with Iossy ferrite posts of arbitrary shape is proposed. The junctions are allowed to have arbitrary cross section. The approach is a combination of the finite-element method and the analytical method. To show the validity and usefulness of tbe method, Y-junction circulators with a circular ferrite post are considered. Our results agree well with earlier experimental and theoretical results. The performances of Y-junction circulators with a triangular equilateral ferrite post or a triangular ferrite post having depressed sides are investigated. The influences of the ferrite losses on the performance are examined.
Paternalism and Psychology

Does bounded rationality make paternalism more attractive? This Essay argues that errors will be larger when suppliers have stronger incentives or lower costs of persuasion and when consumers have weaker incentives to learn the truth. These comparative statics suggest that bounded rationality will often increase the costs of government decisionmaking relative to private decisionmaking, because consumers have better incentives to overcome errors than government decisionmakers, consumers have stronger incentives to choose well when they are purchasing than when they are voting and it is more costly to change the beliefs of millions of consumers than a handful of bureaucrats. As such, recognizing the limits of human cognition may strengthen the case for limited government.