Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Suicide and Self-Harm Risk Assessment: A Systematic Review of Prospective Research

Abstract Objective Suicide and self-harm are widespread yet underreported. Risk assessment is key to effective self-harm and suicide prevention and management. There is contradicting evidence regarding the effectiveness of risk assessment tools in predicting self-harm and suicide risk. This systematic review examines the effect of risk assessment strategies on predicting suicide and self-harm outcomes among adult healthcare service users. Method Electronic and gray literature databases were searched for prospective research. Studies were screened and selected by independent reviewers. Quality and level of evidence assessments were conducted. Due to study heterogeneity, we present a narrative synthesis under three categories: (1) suicide- and self-harm-related outcomes; (2) clinician assessment of suicide and self-harm risk; and (3) healthcare utilization due to self-harm or suicide. Results Twenty-one studies were included in this review. The SAD PERSONS Scale was the most used tool. It outperformed the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation in predicting hospital admissions and stay following suicide and self-harm, yet it failed to predict repeat suicide and self-harm and was not recommended for routine use. There were mixed findings relating to clinician risk assessment, with some studies recommending clinician assessment over structured tools, whilst others found that clinician assessment failed to predict future attempts and deaths. Conclusions There is insufficient evidence to support the use of any one tool, inclusive of clinician assessment of risk, for self-harm and suicidality. The discourse around risk assessment needs to move toward a broader discussion on the safety of patients who are at risk for self-harm and/or suicide. HIGHLIGHTS There is insufficient evidence to support using standalone risk assessment tools. There are mixed findings relating to clinician assessment of risk. Structured professional judgment is widely accepted for risk assessment.
Resident macrophages restrain pathological adipose tissue remodeling and protect vascular integrity in obese mice

Tissue‐resident macrophages in white adipose tissue (WAT) dynamically adapt to the metabolic changes of their microenvironment that are often induced by excess energy intake. Currently, the exact contribution of these macrophages in obesity‐driven WAT remodeling remains controversial. Here, using a transgenic CD169‐DTR mouse strain, we provide new insights into the interplay between CD169+ adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) and their surrounding WAT microenvironment. Using targeted in vivo ATM ablation followed by transcriptional and metabolic WAT profiling, we found that ATMs protect WAT from the excessive pathological remodeling that occurs during obesity. As obesity progresses, ATMs control not only vascular integrity, adipocyte function, and lipid and metabolic derangements but also extracellular matrix accumulation and resultant fibrosis in the WAT. The protective role of ATMs during obesity‐driven WAT dysfunction supports the notion that ATMs represent friends, rather than foes, as has previously assumed.
Clinical safety of robenacoxib in cats with chronic musculoskeletal disease

Abstract Background Evaluate the clinical safety of robenacoxib in cats with chronic musculoskeletal disease (CMSD). Animals Four hundred forty‐nine client‐owned cats with CMSD. Methods Pooled analysis of safety variables from 4 prospective randomized blinded clinical trials of robenacoxib (n = 222) versus placebo (n = 227), administered orally once daily for 4 to 12 weeks. Safety was evaluated from reported adverse events (AEs) and abnormalities detected on hematology and serum and urine chemistry analyses. Results The number of cats with at least 1 AE was not significantly different (P = .15) with robenacoxib (n = 106, 47.8%) compared to placebo (n = 93, 41.0%). The relative risk of at least 1 AE (incidence robenacoxib/placebo) was 1.15 (95% confidence interval 0.93‐1.43). There was no significant difference between groups in the number of clinical signs (range, 0‐9) per cat (P = .23). Serum creatinine concentrations were higher during robenacoxib administration compared to placebo (+4.36 μmol/L, 95% confidence interval 0.21‐8.50), but no related adverse clinical effects were detected. In the subgroup of 126 cats with evidence of chronic kidney disease, the relative risk of at least 1 AE (robenacoxib/placebo) was 1.09 (95% confidence interval 0.78‐1.52, P = .61). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Robenacoxib was not associated with increased risk of AEs compared to placebo when administered for 4 to 12 weeks to cats with CMSD. The generalizability of the results to general practice is limited by the fact that cases with severe and uncontrolled concomitant diseases were not included.
The My Diabetes Care Patient Portal Intervention: Usability and Pre-Post Assessment

Abstract Background My Diabetes Care (MDC) is a novel, multifaceted patient portal intervention designed to help patients better understand their diabetes health data and support self-management. MDC uses infographics to visualize and summarize patients' diabetes health data, incorporates motivational strategies, and provides literacy level–appropriate educational resources. Objectives We aimed to assess the usability, acceptability, perceptions, and potential impact of MDC. Methods We recruited 69 participants from four clinics affiliated with Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Participants were given 1 month of access to MDC and completed pre- and post-questionnaires including validated measures of usability and patient activation, and questions about user experience. Results Sixty participants completed the study. Participants' mean age was 58, 55% were females, 68% were Caucasians, and 48% had limited health literacy (HL). Most participants (80%) visited MDC three or more times and 50% spent a total of ≥15 minutes on MDC. Participants' median System Usability Scale (SUS) score was 78.8 [Q1, Q3: 72.5, 87.5] and significantly greater than the threshold value of 68 indicative of “above average” usability (p < 0.001). The median SUS score of patients with limited HL was similar to those with adequate HL (77.5 [72.5, 85.0] vs. 82.5 [72.5, 92.5]; p = 0.41). Participants most commonly reported the literacy level–appropriate educational links and health data infographics as features that helped them better understand their diabetes health data (65%). All participants (100%) intended to continue to use MDC. Median Patient Activation Measure® scores increased postintervention (64.3 [55.6, 72.5] vs. 67.8 [60.6, 75.0]; p = 0.01). Conclusion Participants, including those with limited HL, rated the usability of MDC above average, anticipated continued use, and identified key features that improved their understanding of diabetes health data. Patient activation improved over the study period. Our findings suggest MDC may be a beneficial addition to existing patient portals.
Dynamics of Neural Microstates in the VTA–Striatal–Prefrontal Loop during Novelty Exploration in the Rat

Neural activity at the large-scale population level has been suggested to be consistent with a sequence of brief, quasistable spatial patterns. These “microstates” and their temporal dynamics have been linked to myriad cognitive functions and brain diseases. Most of this research has been performed using EEG, leaving many questions, such as the existence, dynamics, and behavioral relevance of microstates at the level of local field potentials (LFPs), unaddressed. Here, we adapted the standard EEG microstate analysis to triple-area LFP recordings from 192 electrodes in rats to investigate the mesoscopic dynamics of neural microstates within and across brain regions during novelty exploration. We performed simultaneous recordings from the prefrontal cortex, striatum, and ventral tegmental area in male rats during awake behavior (object novelty and exploration). We found that the LFP data can be accounted for by multiple, recurring microstates that were stable for ∼60–100 ms. The simultaneous microstate activity across brain regions revealed rhythmic patterns of coactivations, which we interpret as a novel indicator of inter-regional, mesoscale synchronization. Furthermore, these rhythmic coactivation patterns across microstates were modulated by behavioral states such as movement and exploration of a novel object. These results support the existence of a functional mesoscopic organization across multiple brain areas and present a possible link of the origin of macroscopic EEG microstates to zero-lag neuronal synchronization within and between brain areas, which is of particular interest to the human research community. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The coordination of neural activity across the entire brain has remained elusive. Here we combine large-scale neural recordings at fine spatial resolution with the analysis of microstates (i.e., short-lived, recurring spatial patterns of neural activity). We demonstrate that the local activity in different brain areas can be accounted for by only a few microstates per region. These microstates exhibited temporal dynamics that were correlated across regions in rhythmic patterns. We demonstrate that these microstates are linked to behavior and exhibit different properties in the frequency domain during different behavioral states. In summary, LFP microstates provide an insightful approach to studying both mesoscopic and large-scale brain activation within and across regions.
A Deeper Look into DeepCap (Invited Paper)

Human performance capture is a highly important computer vision problem with many applications in movie production and virtual/augmented reality. Many previous performance capture approaches either required expensive multi-view setups or did not recover dense space-time coherent geometry with frame-to-frame correspondences. We propose a novel deep learning approach for monocular dense human performance capture. Our method is trained in a weakly supervised manner based on multi-view supervision completely removing the need for training data with 3D ground truth annotations. The network architecture is based on two separate networks that disentangle the task into a pose estimation and a non-rigid surface deformation step. Extensive qualitative and quantitative evaluations show that our approach outperforms the state of the art in terms of quality and robustness. This work is an extended version of [1] where we provide more detailed explanations, comparisons and results as well as applications.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Pregnant and Postpartum Women, Kenya, 2020–2021

We determined incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and influenza virus infections among pregnant and postpartum women and their infants in Kenya during 2020–2021. Incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was highest among pregnant women, followed by postpartum women and infants. No influenza virus infections were identified.
3D bioprinting of molecularly engineered PEG-based hydrogels utilizing gelatin fragments

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an additive manufacturing process in which the combination of biomaterials and living cells, referred to as a bioink, is deposited layer-by-layer to form biologically active 3D tissue constructs. Recent advancements in the field show that the success of this technology requires the development of novel biomaterials or the improvement of existing bioinks. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is one of the well-known synthetic biomaterials and has been commonly used as a photocrosslinkable bioink for bioprinting; however, other types of cell-friendly crosslinking mechanisms to form PEG hydrogels need to be explored for bioprinting and tissue engineering. In this work, we proposed micro-capillary based bioprinting of a novel molecularly engineered PEG-based bioink that transiently incorporates low molecular weight gelatin (LMWG) fragments. The rheological properties and release profile of the LMWG fragments were characterized, and their presence during hydrogel formation had no effect on the swelling ratio or sol fraction when compared to PEG hydrogels formed without the LMWG fragments. For bioprinting, PEG was first functionalized with cell-adhesive RGD ligands and was then crosslinked using protease-sensitive peptides via a Michael-type addition reaction inside the micro-capillary. The printability was assessed by the analysis of extrudability, shape fidelity, and printing accuracy of the hydrogel filaments after the optimization of the gelation conditions of the PEG-based bioink. The LMWG fragments supplemented into the bioink allowed the extrusion of smooth and uniform cylindrical strands of the hydrogel and improved shape fidelity and printing accuracy. Encapsulated cells in both bioprinted and non-bioprinted PEG-based hydrogels showed high viability and continued to proliferate over time in culture with a well-defined cell morphology depending on the presence of the cell adhesive peptide RGD. The presented micro-capillary based bioprinting process for a novel PEG-based bioink can be promising to construct complex 3D structures with micro-scale range and spatiotemporal variations without using any cytotoxic photoinitiator, UV light, or polymer support.
Candidate l‐methionine target piRNA regulatory networks analysis response to cocaine‐conditioned place preference in mice

Methionine has been proven to inhibit addictive behaviors of cocaine dependence. However, the mechanism of methionine response to cocaine CPP is unknown. Recent evidence highlights piRNAs to regulate genes via a miRNA‐like mechanism. Here, next‐generation sequencing is used to study mechanism on methionine response to drug‐induced behaviors though piRNA.
The role of percutaneous neurolysis in lumbar disc herniation: systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Recalcitrant disc herniation may result in chronic lumbar radiculopathy or sciatica. Fluoroscopically directed epidural injections and other conservative modalities may provide inadequate improvement in some patients. In these cases, percutaneous neurolysis with targeted delivery of medications is often the next step in pain management. Methods An evidence-based system of methodologic assessment, namely, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was used. Multiple databases were searched from 1966 to January 2021. Principles of the best evidence synthesis were incorporated into qualitative evidence synthesis. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of patients with significant pain relief and functional improvement (≥ 50%). Duration of relief was categorized as short-term (< 6 months) and long-term (≥ 6 months). Results This assessment identified one high-quality randomized controlled trial (RCT) and 5 moderate-quality non-randomized studies with an application of percutaneous neurolysis in disc herniation. Overall, the results were positive, with level II evidence. Conclusions Based on the present systematic review, with one RCT and 5 non-randomized studies, the evidence level is II for percutaneous neurolysis in managing lumbar disc herniation.
Physical and Mental Health Characteristics of 2,962 Adults With Subjective Cognitive Complaints

We investigated subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs), as well as physical and mental health factors, in adults and older adults. U.S. residents (N = 2,962) were recruited via the Amazon Mechanical Turk platform and completed a 90-item survey. Overall, 493/1930 (25.5%) of younger adults and 278/1032 (26.9%) of older adults endorsed SCCs. Analyses revealed worse physical and mental health characteristics in the SCC+ compared to the SCC- group, with primarily medium (Cohen’s d = 0.50) to large (0.80) effect sizes. Age did not moderate relationships between SCCs and physical/mental health. Results suggest that SCCs are associated with a diverse set of negative health characteristics such as poor sleep and high body mass index, and lower levels of positive factors, including happiness and wisdom. Effect sizes of psychological correlates were at least as large as those of physical correlates, indicating that mental health is critical to consider when evaluating SCCs.
Hepatic-Metabolite-Based Intermittent Fasting Enables a Sustained Reduction in Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract Insulin resistance is the hallmark of Type 2 Diabetes and is still an unmet medical need. Insulin resistance lies at the crossroads of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, weight loss and exercise resistance, heart disease, stroke, depression, and brain health. Insulin resistance is purely nutrition related, with a typical molecular disease food intake pattern. The insulin resistant state is accessible by TyG as the appropriate surrogate marker, which is found to lead the personalized molecular hepatic nutrition system for highly efficient insulin resistance remission. Treating insulin resistance with a molecular nutrition-centered approach shifts the treatment paradigm of Type 2 Diabetes from management to cure. This allows remission within five months, with a high efficiency rate of 85%. With molecular intermittent fasting a very efficient treatment for prediabetes and metabolic syndrome is possible, improving the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFL) state and enabling the body to lose weight in a sustainable manner.
Probing the Paradigm of Promiscuity for N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes and their Protein Adduct Formation.

Metal complexes can be considered a 'paradigm of promiscuity' when it comes to their reactions with proteins. They often form adducts with a variety of donor atoms in an unselective manner. We have characterized the adducts formed between a series of isostructural N -heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes with Ru, Os, Rh, and Ir centers and the model protein hen egg white lysozyme by X-ray crystallography and mass spectrometry. Distinctive behavior for the metal compounds was observed with the more labile Ru and Rh complexes targeting a surface l-histidine moiety through cleavage of p- cymene or NHC co-ligands, respectively. In contrast, the more inert Os and Ir derivatives were detected in an electronegative binding pocket after undergoing ligand exchange of a chlorido ligand for an amino acid side chain. Computational studies supported the binding profiles and hinted at the role of the protein microenvironment for metal complexes eliciting selectivity for specific binding sites on the protein.
Characterization of clopyralid resistance in lawn burweed (Soliva sessilis)

Soliva sessilis is a troublesome annual weed species in New Zealand turfgrass. This weed has been controlled selectively in New Zealand turfgrass for many years using pyridine herbicides such as clopyralid. However, in some golf courses, the continuous application of pyridine herbicides has resulted in the selection of S. sessilis populations that are resistant to these herbicides. This study focuses on a clopyralid-resistant population of S. sessilis collected from a golf course with a long history of clopyralid applications. The resistant phenotype of S. sessilis was highly resistant to clopyralid (over 225-fold). It was also cross-resistant to dicamba, MCPA and picloram but not mecoprop. The level of resistance to dicamba was high (7-14-fold) but much lower (2-3-fold) for both MCPA and picloram. The phenotype was morphologically distinct from its susceptible counterpart. Individuals of the clopyralid-resistant phenotype had fewer lobes on their leaves and were slightly larger compared to the susceptible phenotype. Resistant individuals also had a larger leaf area and greater root dry weight than the susceptible plants. An evaluation of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions confirmed that clopyralid-resistant phenotypes are conspecific with S. sessilis. In summary, the cross-resistance to several auxinic herbicides in this S. sessilis phenotype greatly reduces chemical options for controlling it; thus, other integrated management practices may be needed such as using turfgrass competition to reduce weed germination. However, the morphological differences between resistant and susceptible plants make it easy to see, which will help with its management.
lncRNA HCP5 acts as a ceRNA to regulate EZH2 by sponging miR-138-5p in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are essential for the progression of tumors, including cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). The present study aimed to examine the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in CSCC. Differentially expressed genes in CSCC were analyzed using the GSE66359 microarray data set, and the upstream miRNAs and lncRNAs were predicted using online database analysis (TargetScan 7.1, mirDIP 4.1, miRSearch V3.0, miRDB and RNA22 2.0) and were verified in clinical tissues. RNA pull-down and dual luciferase reporter gene assays were used to verify the targeting relationships among lncRNA human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen complex P5 (HCP5), miR-138-5p and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). Cell lines with a high and low HCP5 expression were screened, and a pcDNA-3.1-HCP5 overexpression vector, small interfering RNA against HCP5, miR-138-5p mimics and miR-138-5p inhibitors were transfected into the CSCC cells. Cell viability, invasion, migration, apoptotic rate and autophagy were evaluated. The effects of HCP5 on autophagy and apoptosis of CSCC cells were verified in vivo using Ki67 and TUNEL staining. EZH2 was demonstrated to be upregulated in CSCC cells. miR-138-5p target sequences were identified in HCP5 and EZH2. HCP5 was revealed to function as a putative ceRNA of miR-138-5p to positively regulate EZH2, and EZH2 was shown to regulate autophagy and apoptosis of CSCC cells through the STAT3/VEGFR2 pathway. HCP5 overexpression decreased miR-138-5p levels, increased EZH2 levels and promoted cell malignant behaviors and autophagy but decreased the apoptosis rate. These trends were opposite when HCP5 was silenced. In conclusion, HCP5 may competitively bind to miR-138-5p to regulate EZH2 in CSCC cells, promoting autophagy and reducing apoptosis through the STAT3/VEGFR2 pathway. This study may provide a new perspective for understanding the molecular mechanism and treatment of CSCC.
Macroparticle‐enhanced cultivation of Lentzea aerocolonigenes: Variation of mechanical stress and combination with lecithin supplementation for a significantly increased rebeccamycin production

The actinomycete Lentzea aerocolonigenes produces the antitumor antibiotic rebeccamycin. In previous studies the rebeccamycin production was significantly increased by the addition of glass beads during cultivation in different diameters between 0.5 and 2 mm and the induced mechanical stress by the glass beads was proposed to be responsible for the increased production. Thus, this study was conducted to be a systematic investigation of different parameters for macroparticle addition, such as bead diameter, concentration, and density (glass and ceramic) as well as shaking frequency, for a better understanding of the particle‐induced stress on L. aerocolonigenes. The induced stress for optimal rebeccamycin production can be estimated by a combination of stress energy and stress frequency.