Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolation of heavy and light chains of immunoglobulin from the surfaces of lymphoid cells.

The experimental results indicate that lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination of viable lymphoid cells is limited to the plasma membrane. Radiolabeled molecules from the cell surfaces of myeloma, lymphoma and normal spleen cells can be specifically precipitated with anti-Ig sera. Reduction and alkylation of these precipitates yield H and L chains. Gamma chain is present on P3K cells and µ chain on Daudi cells, as expected. Mµ chain was the predominant H chain found on spleen cells, consistent with recent experiments of others using lymphocytes (5, 10, 13, 16). Ig on the surface was not adsorbed to the plasma membrane and therefore presumably was synthesized by the cells. These findings provide evidence that Ig molecules on the plasma membrane, whether antigen-specific receptors or molecules destined for secretion, can be isolated and studied by conventional methods of immunochemistry and biochemistry.
The parabigeminogeniculate projection: Connectional studies in eight mammals

Anterograde and retrograde tracing methods have been used to analyze the origin and distribution of parabigeminogeniculate axons in the gray squirrel, the gopher, the rat, the opossum, the cat, the greater bushbaby, the squirrel monkey and the macaque monkey. Our findings reveal that parabigeminogeniculate axons most heavily innervate regions of the lateral geniculate that are also targeted by axons arising from the superior colliculus (tectogeniculate). These geniculate layers and zones of parabigeminal and tectal overlap contain small cells, and in several species are associated with the small W cell retino‐geniculocortical pathway.
Associative parallel algorithms for computing functions defined on paths in trees

By means of an abstract model of the SIMD type with vertical data processing (the STAR-machine), we present a simple associative parallel algorithm for finding tree paths in undirected graphs. We study applications of this algorithm to update minimum spanning trees in undirected graphs, to determine maximum flow values in a multiterminal network, and to find a fundamental set of circuits with respect to a given spanning tree. These algorithms are given as the corresponding STAR procedures whose correctness is proved and time complexity is evaluated.
Acquisition of English speech rhythm by monolingual children

We investigated how English rhythmic patterns develop in the course of first language acquisition by children between four and twelve years. We have empirically confirmed that rhythm becomes increasingly more stress-timed as acquisition progresses, which is revealed by higher durational variability of syllables, vocalic sequences and consonantal clusters in speech delivered by older children compared to younger children. The development of speech rhythm was studied using the same speech material produced by children at various ages, while controlling for the differences in phonotactics and syllable structure. The tendency to deliver speech with higher durational variability at later stages of language acquisition emerges even when the phonological differences in speech material – inevitable in uncontrolled speech delivered by children of different ages – are controlled for. This finding indicates that the language-specific phonetic timing patterns are established as a function of age, probably as a result of the motor control development.
Result Diversity for RDF Search

RDF repositories are typically searched using triple-pattern queries. Often, triple-pattern queries will return too many results, making it difficult for users to find the most relevant ones. To remedy this, some recent works have proposed relevance-based ranking-models for triple-pattern queries. However it is often the case that the top-ranked results are homogeneous. In this paper, we propose a framework to diversify the results of triple-pattern queries over RDF datasets. We first define different notions for result diversity in the setting of RDF. We then develop an approach for result diversity based on the Maximal Marginal Relevance. Finally, we develop a diversity-aware evaluation metric based on the Discounted Cumulative Gain and use it on a benchmark of 100 queries over DBPedia.
Social characteristics of psychological distress in disadvantaged areas of Berlin

Purpose: Living in disadvantaged urban areas is associated with poor mental health. The purpose of this study was to assess which social characteristics were associated with psychological distress within a disadvantaged, multi-ethnic neighbourhood of Berlin. Methods: The study was conducted in an area of Berlin with the highest rates of unemployment and highest density of migrants. A total of 143 participants aged 18–57 years were included from a random sample. The social characteristics educational level, employment status, marital status, living alone, per-capita income and background of migration were collected. Psychological distress was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire GHQ-28; scores ≥ 5 indicated psychological distress corresponding to psychiatric caseness. Results: Psychological distress was found in 40.6% (n = 58) of the sample. Psychological distress was associated with younger age (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.92–0.98, p = .004), female gender (OR = 3.51, 95% CI = 1.55–7.92, p = .003) and living alone (OR = 3.88, 95% CI = 1.58–9.52, p = .003), but not with background of migration, low educational level or with unemployment. Conclusions: Young age and female gender may predispose for psychological distress in disadvantaged areas. Living alone could be a social indicator of poor mental health within disadvantaged urban areas. The directionality of the association is unclear. Background of migration, low income and educational level do not seem to be associated with poor mental health within those areas.
DEVISE: a methodology for building Web services based infrastructure for collaborative enterprises

Web services define a new paradigm in present-day collaborative application development in enterprises, and span systems, networks, and organizations. Emerging computing infrastructures provide direct support for Web services technologies. A characteristic feature of the current efforts in the direction of Web services is the inclination towards providing rich and sophisticated tools for leveraging Web services functionality. Though this aids one in collaborative application "development" using Web services, from the point of view of application "design", it leaves much to be desired, when one considers closing in of the legendary "semantic gap" between a collaborative enterprise application and the infrastructure support. In this paper, we propose DEVISE: a methodology for building Web services based infrastructure for collaborative enterprises, comprising applications designed as a collection of Web services and a computer human interface.
Comparison of two encapsulated curcumin particular systems contained in different formulations with regard to in vitro skin penetration

Curcumin is known for its anti‐inflammatory, antioxidative, and anticarcinogenic properties. However, the strong lipophilic compound is not easily applicable, neither in water, nor directly in o/w formulations. So far, loading of nano or micro scaled carriers has enabled only an uptake up to 30% of curcumin.
Transmission electron microscopic study on setting mechanism of tetracalcium phosphate/dicalcium phosphate anhydrous-based calcium phosphate cement.

This work studied transmission electron microscopy on the setting mechanism of tetracalcium phosphate/dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (TTCP/DCPA)-based calcium phosphate cement. The results suggest the process for early-stage apatite formation as the follows: when TTCP and DCPA powders are mixed in the phosphate-containing solution, the TTCP powder is quickly dissolved because of its higher solubility in the acidic solution. The dissolved calcium and phosphate ions, along with those ions readily in the solution, are then precipitated predominantly on the surface of DCPA particles. Few apatite crystals were observed on the surface of TTCP powder. During the later stages of reaction, the extensive growth of apatite crystals/whiskers, with a calcium/phosphorous ratio very close to that of hydroxyapatite, effectively linked DCPA particles together and also bridged the larger TTCP particles. It is suggested that, when the large TTCP particles are locked in place by the bridging apatite crystals/whiskers, the CPC is set and would not dissolve when immersed in Hanks' solution after 20-40 min of reaction.
Inhibition of NFκB Increases the Efficacy of Cisplatin in in Vitro and in Vivo Ovarian Cancer Models*

Whether or not inhibition of NFκB increases the efficacy of cisplatin in in vitro and in vivo ovarian cancer models was investigated. We compared the basal levels of phosphorylation of IκBα and activity of NFκB between cisplatin-sensitive A2780 cells and cisplatin-resistant Caov-3 cells. The basal levels of phosphorylation of IκBα and activity of NFκB in Caov-3 cells were significantly higher than those in A2780 cells. Cisplatin caused a more marked decrease in the phosphorylation of IκBα and activity of NFκB in A2780 cells than in Caov-3 cells. Thus, high basal levels of phosphorylation of IκBα and activation of NFκB and less marked inhibition of the phosphorylation of IκBα and activation of NFκB by cisplatin seem to reduce the sensitivity of cells to cisplatin. Inhibition of NFκB activity either by treatment with the IκBα phosphorylation inhibitor (BAY 11-7085) or a specific NFκB nuclear translocation inhibitor (SN-50) or by transfection of p50ΔNLS (which lacks the nuclear localization signal domain) increased the efficacy of both the cisplatin-induced attenuation of IκBα phosphorylation and NFκB activity and the cisplatin-induced apoptosis. In addition, treatment with BAY 11-7085 increased the efficacy of the cisplatin-induced attenuation of both the expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and cell invasion through Matrigel. Moreover, treatment with BAY 11-7085 increased the efficacy of the cisplatin-induced inhibition of the intra-abdominal dissemination and production of ascites using athymic nude mice inoculated intraperitoneally with Caov-3 cells. These results suggest that combination therapy of cisplatin with the NFκB inhibitor should increase the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin.
Semi‐supervised classification of facial expression using a mixture of multivariate t distributions

Abstract: This paper addresses the semi‐supervised classification of facial expression images using a mixture of multivariate t distributions. The facial expression features are first extracted into labelled graph vectors using the Gabor wavelet transformation. We then learn a mixture of multivariate t distributions by using the labelled graph vectors, and set correspondence between the component distributions and the basic facial emotions. According to this correspondence, the classification of a given testing image is implemented in a probabilistic way according to its fitted posterior probabilities of component memberships. Specifically, we perform hard classification of the testing image by assigning it into an emotional class that the corresponding mixture component has the highest posterior probability, or softly use the posterior probabilities as the estimates of the semantic ratings of expressions. The experimental results on the Japanese female facial expression database, Ekman's Pictures of Facial Affect database and the AR database demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Processing Exact Results for Queries over Data Streams

In a growing number of information-processing applications, such as network-traffic monitoring, sensor networks, financial analysis, data mining for e-commerce, etc., data takes the form of continuous data streams rather than traditional stored databases/relational tuples. These applications have some common features like the need for real time analysis, huge volumes of data, and unpredictable and bursty arrivals of stream elements. In all of these applications, it is infeasible to process queries over data streams by loading the data into a traditional database management system (DBMS) or into main memory. Such an approach does not scale with high stream rates. As a consequence, systems that can manage streaming data have gained tremendous importance. The need to process a large number of continuous queries over bursty, high volume online data streams, potentially in real time, makes it imperative to design algorithms that should use limited resources. This dissertation focuses on processing exact results for join queries over high speed data streams using limited resources, and proposes several novel techniques for processing join queries incorporating secondary storages and non-dedicated computers. Existing approaches for stream joins either, (a) deal with memory limitations by shedding loads, and therefore can not produce exact or highly accurate results for the stream joins over data streams with time varying arrivals of stream tuples, or (b) suffer from large I/O-overheads due to random disk accesses. The proposed techniques exploit the high bandwidth of a disk subsystem by rendering the data access pattern largely sequential, eliminating small, random disk accesses. This dissertation proposes an I/O-efficient algorithm to process hybrid join queries, that join a fast, time varying or bursty data stream and a persistent disk relation. Such a hybrid join is the crux of a number of common transformations in an active data warehouse. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme reduces the response time in output results by exploiting spatio-temporal locality within the input stream, and minimizes disk overhead through disk-I/O amortization. The dissertation also proposes an algorithm to parallelize a stream join operator over a shared-nothing system. The proposed algorithm distributes the processing loads across a number of independent, non-dedicated nodes, based on a fixed or predefined communication pattern; dynamically maintains the degree of declustering in order to minimize communication and processing overheads; and presents mechanisms for reducing storage and communication overheads while scaling over a large number of nodes. We present experimental results showing the efficacy of the proposed algorithms.
Creeping discharge at vegetable-based oil/pressboard interface under rectangular impulse voltage

The behavior of creeping streamer propagating the pressboard surface in vegetable-based oils; PFAE (palm fatty acid ester) oil and CRS (crude rapeseed) oil was studied under the applied rectangular-impulse voltage. The discharge shape, streamer length, discharge current and discharge light have been measured as a function of the voltage and its pulse width. These characteristics are compared with those in mineral oil.
A mechanized theory of aspects

Over the past ten years, Aspect Orientation has emerged as a new paradigm in software engineering. The key feature promoted in this paradigm is the ability to modularize concerns – aspects – that by nature or implementation are orthogonal to the modular structure of the base application. To allow such a modularization, these aspect modules themselves are able to cut across the structure of the underlying application. This cutting across the structure goes beyond the mere referencing of remote data, allowing changes of the base application’s control flow. Thus, Aspects offer the functionality of calling themselves instead of the intended target of an invocation. This altered invocation of the aspect is able to alter, extend or even replace parts of the original program. Being able to drastically alter the base application’s structure comes at the price of a decrease in safety: aspects themselves do not fulfill the expectations held for classical modules and can even harm the modularization of the existing application. Basic concepts such as the locality of errors, type soundness and re-usability can thus be harmed by aspects. This thesis applies the method of rigorous language development on Aspect Orientation in order to show what classes of aspects maintain the safety of an application. Our rigorous approach entails the design of a family of aspect-oriented core calculi, entirely mechanized in the interactive theorem prover Isabelle/HOL. The emphasis of the work is placed on two different fields. Fundamental questions of modularity, type soundness and subtyping form the first such field. Technical considerations such as binders, variable representation and code generation are the content of the other. In the field of language metatheory, the thesis contributes a comparative me-
Isolation, acid proteinase secretion, and experimental pathogenicity of Candida parapsilosis from outpatients with vaginitis

Candida parapsilosis was isolated from the vaginas of several nonpregnant, nondiabetic, mostly premenopausal outpatients who presented the characteristic signs and symptoms of a frank vulvovaginal candidiasis (heavy discharge with cottage cheese appearance and intense itching, with or without vulvar erythema and dyspareunia). All isolates conformed morphologically, biochemically, and serologically to the standard description of the species. They showed high acid proteinase-secretory activity in vitro and were appreciably pathogenic for cyclophosphamide-immunodepressed mice. Some isolates were also tested for their vaginopathic potential in ovariectomized rats under estradiol administration. In all cases, the rat vagina was colonized by C. parapsilosis to an extent and duration not different from those caused by a vaginopathic isolate of Candida albicans. Periodic acid-Schiff-stained vaginal smears taken at intervals during rat experimental infection showed C. parapsilosis yeasts adhering to exfoliated epithelial cells of rat vagina. Overall, these results emphasize the proteolytic and pathogenic potential of C. parapsilosis and suggest that this fungus may be an agent of clinical vaginitis.
The root as a drill

Plant roots forage the soil for water and nutrients and overcome the soil’s physical compactness. Roots are endowed with a mechanism that allows them to penetrate and grow in dense media such as soil. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are still poorly understood. The nature of the media in which roots grow adds to the difficulty to in situ analyze the mechanisms underlying root penetration. Inhibition of ethylene perception by application of 1-methyl cyclopropene (1-MCP) to tomato seedlings nearly abolished the root penetration in Soilrite. The reversal of this process by auxin indicated operation of an auxin-ethylene signaling pathway in the regulation of root penetration. The tomato pct1–2 mutant that exhibits an enhanced polar transport of auxin required higher doses of 1-MCP to inhibit root penetration, indicating a pivotal role of auxin transport in this process. In this update we provide a brief review of our current understanding of molecular processes underlying root penetration in higher plants.
A novel compact Printed Inverted-F MIMO antenna operating at 5.8GHz for WiFi applications

In this paper, we propose a novel compact Printed Inverted-F MIMO Antenna operating at 5.8 GHz for WiFi applications. A fractal shape patch shorted at one end is used, which works to reduce the size of antenna. To further reduce the size of antenna, we extend an edge of patch towards the ground. In order to obtain high isolation, we use a PIFA with a ground plane. The simulation results show that the proposed antenna has good performance for WiFi applications.
Fetal exposure to low frequency electric and magnetic fields

To investigate the interaction of low frequency electric and magnetic fields with pregnant women and in particular with the fetus, an anatomical voxel model of an 89 kg woman at week 30 of pregnancy was developed. Intracorporal electric current density distributions due to exposure to homogeneous 50 Hz electric and magnetic fields were calculated and results were compared with basic restrictions recommended by ICNIRP guidelines. It could be shown that the basic restriction is met within the central nervous system (CNS) of the mother at exposure to reference level of either electric or magnetic fields. However, within the fetus the basic restriction is considerably exceeded. Revision of reference levels might be necessary. For more information on this article, see medicalphysicsweb.org
Variation in modes of chemotherapy administration for breast carcinoma and association with hospitalization for chemotherapy‐related toxicity

To the authors' knowledge, few studies to date have addressed the patterns of how chemotherapy was administered (administration modes) over time. In the current study, the goal of the authors was to describe how chemotherapy for breast carcinoma was administered and to determine whether chemotherapy administration modes were associated with toxicity in a community‐based large cohort.
Adult‐onset deficiency in growth hormone and insulin‐like growth factor‐I alters oligodendrocyte turnover in the corpus callosum

Growth hormone (GH) and insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) provide trophic support during development and also appear to influence cell structure, function and replacement in the adult brain. Recent studies demonstrated effects of the GH/IGF‐I axis on adult neurogenesis, but it is unclear whether the GH/IGF‐I axis influences glial turnover in the normal adult brain. In the current study, we used a selective model of adult‐onset GH and IGF‐I deficiency to evaluate the role of GH and IGF‐I in regulating glial proliferation and survival in the adult corpus callosum. GH/IGF‐I‐deficient dwarf rats of the Lewis strain were made GH/IGF‐I replete via twice daily injections of GH starting at postnatal day 28 (P28), approximately the age at which GH pulse amplitude increases in developing rodents. GH/IGF‐I deficiency was initiated in adulthood by removing animals from GH treatment. Quantitative analyses revealed that adult‐onset GH/IGF‐I deficiency decreased cell proliferation in the white matter and decreased the survival of newborn oligodendrocytes. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that aging‐related changes in the GH/IGF‐I axis produce deficits in ongoing turnover of oligodendrocytes, which may contribute to aging‐related cognitive changes and deficits in remyelination after injury. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vowel Change across Noam Chomsky's Lifespan

This study presents longitudinal acoustic evidence of how an adult speaker’s vowels change across his lifespan. Noam Chomsky was chosen as a speaker because he presents an excellent opportunity to study the effect of relocation to a different dialect area on adult phonology since he was born and raised in Philadelphia and moved to Boston in 1955. Two linguistic variables that have different phonemic systems in Philadelphia and Boston were examined in this study: i) /o/–/oh/ distinction in Philadelphia and /o/–/oh/ merger in Boston, ii) split short-a system (a phonemic distinction between tense and lax short-a with various phonological and lexical conditioning) in Philadelphia and nasal system (an allophonic alternation between a tense short-a before nasals and lax short-a before non-nasals) in Boston. Results based on Chomsky’s public speech in 1970 and 2009 show that his /o/ has significantly shifted along both F1 and F2 over 40 years, displaying a subphonemic shift, while /oh/ remained stable. For his short-a patterns, the 1970 pattern corresponds to neither a split nor a nasal system. In 2009, in contrast, a pattern similar to a nasal system emerged. It is suggested Chomsky was able to adopt features of a new ambient dialect over time as a result of contact with a second dialect well past the critical period. This working paper is available in University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics: http://repository.upenn. edu/pwpl/ vol20/iss2/11 U. Penn Working Papers in Linguistics, Volume 20.2, 2014 Vowel Change across Noam Chomsky's Lifespan