Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MIMO PID Controller Design Based on Integral-Type Optimal Servomechanism and Its Extension to Model-Following-Type

This paper presents a design method of an MIMO integral preceded by proportional-derivative (I-PD) controller based on an integral-type optimal servomechanism. The proposed method consists of two steps. First, a given plant is represented in a specific state-space form, and then an integral-type optimal servo controller is designed. Although the resultant controller does not always become a typical I-PD one, when the order of a given MIMO plant is equal to or less than twice the number of the outputs, the resultant control law is equivalent to an I-PD one. Moreover, the proposed I-PD controller design can be extended to a model-following type by adding a reference model and a feedforward compensator for a desirable output response. Controller design examples and numerical simulation studies are carried out in order to demonstrate that the proposed design method has sufficient effectiveness.
Comparative analysis of phylogenetic and fishing effects in life history patterns of teleost fishes

The effects of fishing on life history traits and life history strategies of teleost fishes are analysed by a new comparative method that splits traits into an allometric part (size effect), an autoregressive phylogenetic component, and an environmental component (fishing effect). Both intra- and inter-specific variation of age and size at maturity, fecundity, adult size and egg size are analysed by comparing 84 populations of 49 species submitted to various fishing pressures. Two axes of life history diversification are found among teleosts. One is the well-known slow-fast continuum separating short-lived and early maturing species (like Clupeiformes) from longer-lived species that mature late relative to their size and spawn larger eggs (like salmonids or Scorpaeniformes). An additional strategy involves the schedule of resource allocation to growth and reproduction. Indeterminate growth allows higher teleosts (e.g. Gadiformes) to reach a large size while maturing early and laying small eggs. Increasing fishing pressure decreases age at maturity and egg size, and increases fecundity at maturity, the slope of the fecundity-length relationship and relative size at maturity. These compensations for higher adult mortality differ among life history strategies. Indeterminate growth is associated with a greater flexibility in resource allocation to growth and reproduction that facilitates greater resilience to fishing mortality.
A NONPARAMETRIC PROCEDURE FOR COMPARING MULTIVARIATE POINT SETS

CGTM No. 153 November 1974 An algorithm that tests the hypothesis that two multivariate point samples were drawn from the same unknown probability density, is described. The algorithm provides a measure of the discrepancy between the two point distributions, as well as providing information concerning the regions of the multivariate space where the discrepancies occur. A procedure for calculating the significance level of the test in any given situation is presented. On multivariate normal data, this nonparametric test is found to be considerably more powerful than the normal theory likelihood ration test when the two samples differ primarily in scale.
Recognition of 5 0-YpG-3 0 Sequences by Coupled Stacking / Hydrogen Bonding Interactions with Amino Acid Residues

Department of Biochemistry University of Alberta Edmonton, Alta. , Canada T6G 2H7 The combined biochemical and structural study of hundreds of protein– DNA complexes has indicated that sequence-specific interactions are mediated by two mechanisms termed direct and indirect readout. Direct readout involves direct interactions between the protein and base-specific atoms exposed in the major and minor grooves of DNA. For indirect readout, the protein recognizes DNA by sensing conformational variations in the structure dependent on nucleotide sequence, typically through interactions with the phosphodiester backbone. Based on our recent structure of Ndt80 bound to DNA in conjunction with a search of the existing PDB database, we propose a new method of sequence-specific recognition that utilizes both direct and indirect readout. In this mode, a single amino acid side-chain recognizes two consecutive base-pairs. The 30-base is recognized by canonical direct readout, while the 50-base is recognized through a variation of indirect readout, whereby the conformational flexibility of the particular dinucleotide step, namely a 50-pyrimidine– purine-30 step, facilitates its recognition by the amino acid via cation–p interactions. In most cases, this mode of DNA recognition helps explain the sequence specificity of the protein for its target DNA. q 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
DETECTION AND TRACKING : A FOCUSED SURVEY AND A NEW VARIANT

A theoretically challenging and practically important problem of information retrieval (IR), known as topic detection and tracking (TDT), is considered. Its origins and a standard formulation are briefly reminded and recast in a version suitable for our discussion. It is discussed in a broad context of IR and its relevant specific task of text categorization (TC). Moreover, a nonstandard relevant practical problem of the classification of textual documents is presented, discussed and confronted with both the TDT and TC problems.
Contribution of magnocellular and parvocellular pathways to visual attention

Troxler Fading (TF) refers to the fading of images in peripheral vision during prolonged central fixation. It is asymmetric across the peripheral retina. The mechanisms contributing to this phenomenon are uncertain. The current study examined how magnocellular (MC) and parvocellular (PC) processing contribute to TF. Nine, right-handed, healthy subjects (M age=23.5) completed 3 tasks – TF, Texture Discrimination (TD) a PC task, and Motion Detection MD) an MC task. MC and PC processing was asymmetric across the peripheral retina similar to TF. Performance on the PC task was most predictive of that on TF; however, MC processing also accounted for variance in TF. Simple reaction time during a vigilance test also added to the predictive model for TF indicating that attentional systems also mediate TF. A description of cortical visual processing is developed based on current data.
Tree-Ring-Reconstructed Summer Temperatures from Northwestern North America during the Last Nine Centuries

Northwestern North America has one of the highest rates of recent temperature increase in the world, but the putative ‘‘divergence problem’’ in dendroclimatology potentially limits the ability of tree-ring proxy data at high latitudes to provide long-term context for current anthropogenic change. Here, summer temperatures are reconstructed from a Picea glauca maximum latewood density (MXD) chronology that shows a stable relationship to regional temperatures and spans most of the last millennium at the Firth River in northeastern Alaska. The warmest epoch in the last nine centuries is estimated to have occurred during the late twentieth century, with average temperatures over the last 30 yr of the reconstruction developed for this study [1973– 2002 in the Common Era (CE)] approximately 1.3 86 0.48C warmer than the long-term preindustrial mean (1100–1850 CE), a change associated with rapid increases in greenhouse gases. Prior to the late twentieth century, multidecadal temperature fluctuations covary broadly with changes in natural radiative forcing. The findings presented here emphasize that tree-ring proxies can provide reliable indicators of temperature variability even in a rapidly warming climate.
INVESTIGATING IMAGE DEPENDENCIES THROUGH IMAGE FORENSICS

In many applications it would be useful to understand if, in a set of images representing a given scene, there is some pairwise relationship between them. In this paper a formalization of the above problem resulting in a dependency test and a dependency graph is presented and a roadmap for research in this direction is given. Moreover, a practical example based on an oversimplified case study with a basic implementation is shown, to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Super-virtual Refraction Interferometry: Theory

Inverting for the subsurface velocity distribution by refraction traveltime tomography is a well-accepted imaging method by both the exploration and earthquake seismology communities. A significant drawback, however, is that the recorded traces become noisier with increasing offset from the source position, and so prevents accurate picking of traveltimes in faroffset traces. To enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of the faroffset traces, we present the theory of super-virtual refraction interferometry where the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of faroffset head-wave arrivals can be theoretically increased by a factor proportional to √ N; here, N is the number of receiver and source positions associated with the recording and generation of the head-wave arrival. There are two steps to this methodology: correlation and summation of the data to generate traces with virtual head-wave arrivals, followed by the convolution of the data with the virtual traces to create traces with super-virtual head-wave arrivals. This method is valid for any medium that generates head-wave arrivals. There are at least three significant benefits to this methodology: 1). enhanced SNR of far-offset traces so the first-arrival traveltimes of the noisy far-offset traces can be more reliably picked to extend the useful aperture of data, 2). the SNR of head waves in a trace that arrive after the first arrival can be enhanced for accurate traveltime picking and subsequent inversion by traveltime tomography, and 3). common receiver-pair gathers can be analyzed to detect the presence of diving waves in the first arrivals, which can be used to assess the nature of the refracting boundary.
Geomorphic evidence for former lobate debris aprons at low latitudes on Mars: Indicators of the Martian paleoclimate

[1] Circumferential depressions enclosing mesas and plateaus in the northern Kasei Valles and in the Tartarus Colles regions of Mars are interpreted as indicators of the former extent of lobate debris aprons, thought to be mixtures of ice and clastic particles. These former lobate debris aprons existed about 1 Ga ago and were embayed by lavas or other flow deposits. After the lobate debris aprons had been removed by sublimation and deflation, topographic depressions with a depth of 50 m and a width of several kilometers were left behind between the mesa or plateau scarp and the solidified flow materials. These depressions or moats are located equatorward of ±30° at significantly lower latitudes than generally observed for occurrences of modern, intact lobate debris aprons. This observation provides evidence that the paleoclimate at that time was different than today, probably due to a higher averaged obliquity of the planet's rotational axis.
PRLR-AluI Gene Polymorphism And Litter Size Traits In Highly Prolific Line Of Topigs 20 Sows

Abstract The objective of the present study was to identify the Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) gene polymorphism related to litter size traits. The study included 101 Topigs 20 line of sows with 426 litters. The traits studied were: Total Number of Born (TNB), Number of Born Alive (NBA), Number of Still Born (NSB), and Number of MUMmified (NMUM) piglets. Polymorphism was identified with the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Allelic and genotype frequencies and deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were verified with the chi-square test. Analysis of litter size traits was performed using the General Linear Model, which included the potential environmental effects. Additive and dominant allele variances were observed by the regression procedure. In the studied population of sows, the frequency of heterozygotes (0.5149) for PRLR gene exceeded the total number of AA (0.0198) and BB (0.4653) homozygotes, which resulted in a high proportion of B allele (0.7228). The results for PRLR showed statistically significant (P<0.05) differences in first parity sows between BB and AB genotypes for TNB and NBA. Significant differences (P<0.05) were recorded in third parity sows between BB and AB genotypes for NBA, and in AA genotype versus AB and BB genotypes for NMUM. The fourth and subsequent parity sows of AA genotype had a significantly higher (P<0.05) rate of NBA as compared with those of AB and BB genotypes. In all parities analysed, the difference between the BB and AB genotypes for NBA was statistically significant (P<0.05). Interpretation of the results at the levels of phenotypes and either additive or dominant variance was quite difficult due to the small number of AA homozygous sows. The calculation model yielded a significant effect (P<0.05) as well as tendency (P<0.1) for the mentioned effects except for age at first farrowing.
DIFFUSIVITY OF PERFORMANCE SPACES - ITS SIGNIFICANCE TO PERCEIVED SOUND QUALITY FROM DIRECTIVE SOURCES

It is widely recognised that music and speech sources are not only directive and frequency dependant, the spatial and spectral radiation pattern changes rapidly and randomly with time. Performance spaces of different acoustical condition have been analysed in 6 virtual channels with room acoustical simulation software. A source of random radiation varying with time and direction has been simulated and used as input in the simulated room acoustical channels. The free-field direct components from a time varying directional source correlates poorly with the total (omni-equivalent) energy produced. Rooms of adequate size can provide reliable early sound transmission that compensates for the shortcomings of the direct component. E50 is defined as received energy within 50ms after first arrival of sound, and the simulations shows that E50 correlates highly with sound energy produced by the source, and significantly better than the free-field condition. Excess sound absorption and room size proves to be the most prominent threats to the correlation between received early sound and produced sound. As long as rooms are small, sufficient early sound seems to be guaranteed irrespective of the distribution of surface absorption and scattering. This is significant to rehearsal rooms, but also when considering size in concert hall design. Dependence of size can be explained by image sources in image rooms, in an image space containing the real room. The significance of surface scattering must be investigated with even more directive sources than applied in this study so far, in order to predict the effect of a sound beam hitting only a part of a wall, ceiling or floor. Diffusivity and its temporal, spectral and spatial domain are discussed by theses and antitheses. The term diffusivity includes the room acoustic property that contributes to smooth out and compensate for negative effects of directive sources.
Fe b 20 18 A vector total variation of feature image model for image restoration

In this paper, we propose a vector total variation (VTV) of feature image model for image restoration. The VTV imposes different smoothing powers on different features (e.g. edges and cartoons) based on choosing various regularization parameters. Thus, the model can simultaneously preserve edges and remove noises. Next, the existence of solution for the model is proved and the split Bregman algorithm is used to solve the model. At last, we use the wavelet filter banks to explicitly define the feature operator and present some experimental results to show its advantage over the related methods in both quality and efficiency. keywords. Image restoration, wavelet, vectore total variation, variational method
The square-root process and Asian options

Although the square-root process has long been used as an alternative to the Black–Scholes geometric Brownian motion model for option valuation, the pricing of Asian options on this diffusion model has never been studied analytically. However, the additivity property of the square-root process makes it a very suitable model for the analysis of Asian options. In this paper, we develop explicit prices for digital and regular Asian options. We also obtain distributional results concerning the square-root process and its average over time, including analytic formulae for their joint density and moments. We also show that the distribution is actually determined by those moments.
Snow cover and precipitation impacts on dry season streamflow in the Lower Mekong Basin

[1] Climate change impacts on dry season streamflow in the Mekong River are relatively understudied, despite the fact that water availability during this time is critically important for agricultural and ecological systems. Analyses of two gauging stations (Vientiane and Kratie) in the Lower Mekong Basin (LMB) show significant positive correlations between dry season (March through May, MAM) discharge and upper basin snow cover and local precipitation. Using snow cover, precipitation, and upstream discharge as predictors, we develop skillful regression models for MAM streamflow at Vientiane and Kratie, and force these models with output from a suite of general circulation model (GCM) experiments for the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The GCM simulations predict divergent trends in snow cover (decreasing) and precipitation (increasing) over the twenty-first century, driving overall negligible long-term trends in dry season streamflow. Our study demonstrates how future changes in dry season streamflow in the LMB will depend on changes in snow cover and precipitation, factors that will need to be considered when assessing the full basin response to other climatic and non-climatic drivers.
Towards a new paradigm of moral personhood

Moral psychology is between paradigms. Kohlberg's model of moral rationality has proved inadequate in explaining action; yet its augmentation—moral personality—awaits empirical embodiment. This article addresses some critical issues in developing a comprehensive empirical paradigm of moral personhood. Is a first‐person or a third‐person definition of moral behaviour more appropriate? Is operative moral judgement better understood as deliberative or intuitive? What is the essential nature of the moral self? Two basic constructs of moral personality which have been posited to help span the judgement–action gap—moral centrality and integrity—are critically reviewed and some criteria are proffered for evaluating competing models of moral personhood. Significant directions for future research are noted with the hope of moving the field towards a new paradigm of moral personhood. While the content of this paradigm will differ markedly from Kohlberg's, we contend that the spirit of his enterprise will be manifest with vigour redoubled.
The Feldstein-Horioka puzzle and the global recession period: Evidence from South Africa using asymmetric cointegration analysis

In this study we examine the effects of the 2007-2008 global financial crisis on the Feldstein-Horioka coefficient for South Africa using momentum threshold cointegration and error correction techniques applied to quarterly national savings-investment time series collected between 2000:Q1 and 2017:Q1. Our empirical strategy consists of segregating the data into three samples; one corresponding to the full sample (1960:Q1 – 2016:Q4), another corresponding to the pre-crisis period (1960:Q1-2008:Q3) and the last corresponding to the post-crisis period (2008:Q4-2016:Q4). Our empirical results validate asymmetric cointegration effects for both the full and the pre-crisis periods while only accepting a linear cointegration relation for the post-crisis period. The saving-retention coefficient estimates produced are 0.59 (significant), 0.64 (significant), and 0.22 (insignificant) for the full, pre-crisis and post-crisis periods, respectively. These results imply that international capital mobility has increased in the post-crisis period and this may be primarily due to the effects of a redirection of private capital flows by investors to safe haven assets. Therefore policy plans of further relaxing of capital controls is inadvisable considering that capital is already highly mobile.
Shape optimization of impingement and film cooling holes on a flat plate using a feedforward ANN and GA

Numerical simulations of a three-dimensional model of impingement and film cooling on a flat plate are presented and validated with the available experimental data. Four different turbulence models were utilized for simulation, in which SST had the highest precision, resulting in less than 4% maximum error in temperature estimation. A simplified geometry with periodic boundary conditions is designed, based on the main geometry, and is used for the optimization procedure. Six geometrical parameters related to impingement and film holes are selected as design variables. To further reduce the time required for optimization, a feedforward neural network is implemented for the function estimation, and 584 CFD observations were performed for randomly generated design points. The data from CFD simulations were fed to network for training and test operations, and the results with good consistency were extracted from the network. The objective of the optimization is to minimize the coolant mass flow rate, subject to maximum temperature and maximum temperature gradient in solid domain being equal to or lower than their values in base design. A genetic algorithm (GA) with 100 population and 50 iterations, coupled with an artificial neural network (ANN), was used for optimization. Finally, the optimum design is simulated numerically to find the exact values of the output parameters. The CFD results for optimum design shows 44% less coolant mass flow rate while both optimization constraints are satisfied. Such a reduction in the coolant flow rate has a huge impact on the overall performance of a typical gas turbine, which is discussed in this paper.
Simple Near-field to Far-field Transformation Method Using Antenna Array-factor

This paper presents a simple and practical method and measurement results of transformation by using the idea of array-factor for direct far-field predict ion fro m the near-field data of antenna and RCS in cy lindrical scanning system. When radiation pattern of an antenna or scattering pattern of radar cross-section (RCS) is measured, its characteristics is usually evaluated in the far-field area. However, measurement is usually done in the radio anechoic chamber to reduce un- necessary reflected wave and deviates fro m the condition of far-field according to the size or the measuring frequency. On the other hand, it is well known that methods such as compact-range or the transformation processing approach can transform the pick-up data fro m the near-field to the far-field. The measurement results by this simple near-field transformation agree very well with the conventional far region measurement method.
Administrative and Management Principles, Theories and Practice

Administrative challenges in modern organizations includes among others the application of principles and theories to practices. The book attempts to bridge the gap between the theory and practice of administration and management in modern organizations. The work therefore covers the major theories of management. The Scientific management theory, administrative management theory Human relations theory, Leadership theory, Motivation and Decision making theories are analyzed. Principles of management such as Span of management, Delegation of authority, Hierarchy, Decentralization and Centralization were discussed in the book. The book is very relevant to Managers of organization, graduate and undergraduate students, diploma students, foreign diplomats, University administrators and the general reader.