Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RELATIVE ERROR ANALYSIS DURING REPRODUCTION OF ISOMETRIC FORCE OF KNEE EXTENSORS IN YOUNG ADULTS

This study compared the force reproduction of isometric knee extension at 60°, between the target forces at 30%, 50% and 70% of the maximum voluntary isometric force (MVIF) in young adults. Twenty young males took part in the study. The trials were performed on an instrumented chair developed for the study. Feedback was given to the participants during three trials prior the beginning of data collection in each analyzed target force. Participants performed 10 trials without any feedback for the target force at 30% and 50% of the MVIF and 3 trials for the target force at 70% of MVIF. The relative error decreased as the target force increased. The differences were significant between 30% and 70% (p=0.01) and between 50% and 70% (p=0.03). The reproduction of higher forces during isometric extension of the knee will produce lower relative errors for this specific task.
Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers Produced with Narrowband UVB Are on Average More Mutagenic than Those with Broadband UVB in Mouse Skin

Although narrowband UVB (NB‐UVB) has replaced broadband UVB (BB‐UVB) because of its greater effectiveness in dermatological phototherapy, it is twice as carcinogenic as BB‐UVB at an equivalent inflammatory dose. To clarify the basis of the different genotoxicities, we comparatively evaluated the mutagenicities in mouse skin of the two UVB types along with their efficiencies in the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), which is a major mutagenic DNA photolesion specifically produced by UVR. We found that the mutagenicity averaged per single molecule of CPD was 2.5‐ and 1.8‐fold higher in NB‐UVB‐exposed epidermis and dermis, respectively, which indicates that NB‐UVB is more mutagenic for the skin than BB‐UVB at doses producing an equimolar amount of CPD. Analysis of effective wavelengths for UV photolesion formation with each UVB source revealed a remarkable difference in the peak effective wavelengths for CPD formation: 15 nm longer for NB‐UVB in the epidermis. Although the analysis of mutation profiles showed largely similar UV‐specific signatures between the two UVB types, a relatively stronger preference for UVA‐specific mutations was observed for NB‐UVB. These results suggest that the difference in the effective wavelengths for CPD formation leads to the different mutagenicities and carcinogenicities between the UVB sources.
The Dynamic Path Planning of UAV Based on A* Algorithm

According to the problem that the intelligence is not high of the soccer robot, using the mechanical theory as a guide, making some mechanical analyses and calculations on the pressure and transmutation states of chip kick mechanics, and conducting optimal design too, then making the structure of chip kick mechanics more and more rationalization. Experiments show that the new soccer robot controller features a quick response and high servo rigidity, and provide a kind of method for improving and perfecting the soccer robot control system, at the same time, filling the needs of producing.
Postnatal Unit Experiences Associated With Exclusive Breastfeeding During the Inpatient Stay: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey

Background: Efforts to provide accessible and effective infant feeding support are advancing to set up new families to meeting their goals. However, data continue to be limited for understanding how inpatient postpartum support and experiences contribute to exclusive breastfeeding during hospitalization. Research Aims: To explore postnatal unit experiences including skin-to-skin contact, overnight support, rooming-in, responsive clinicians, and understandable communication that correlate with early infant feeding outcomes among a sample of mothers who intended to breastfeed. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional survey study. Through secure online survey, participants submitted (N = 2,401) responses from November 2016 to May 2017 about their experiences with maternity healthcare and offered thoughts on the postnatal unit environment. Descriptive statistics were used to examine distributions of maternal characteristics, postpartum experience, and birthing facility characteristics. Results: Exclusive breastfeeding was positively correlated with the following postnatal unit experiences: mother did not ask that her infant be taken out of the postnatal unit room; infant staying in postnatal unit room except for treatment(s); mother got help from clinical staff when needed after pressing the call button; and nurse, midwife, and/or doctor always explained information to mother in ways that they understood. Conclusion: Postnatal unit experiences associated with exclusive breastfeeding during postpartum hospitalization were rooming in; parents who did not ask for their infant to be taken out of the unit room; whether mothers received timely help from clinical staff; and information was explained in a way they could understand.
Template-based method to measure the 3D joint space for hand arthritis

PURPOSE: Rheumatiod arthritis (RA) of the hand is a widespread and debilitating disease with a large social and economic impact. RA damages the inter articular cartilage, causing narrowing of the joint space width (JSW.) In this study a template-based approach for measuring the 3D JSW is presented, which uses multiple projections of the joint and a comparison to 3D templates from anatomical specimens. METHODS: This study examined 20 proximal interphalangeal (PIP), and 20 metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints. Realistic simulated radiographs with a pitch of 0.1 mm were produced from 3D data sets obtained by imaging skeletal specimens with a 0.066 mm pitch μCT. The technique attempted to match each bone to an anatomical template after the template had undergone transformations in virtual imaging space.For each native joint projection, the two opposing margins were delineated using a technique developed to segment bone margins on hand radiographs. The projected margins of each joint surface at each acquisition were then compared to a set of margins created by projecting rays through the surfaces of the anatomical templates, and the best-matched template was chosen. The performance was evaluated by calculating dJSW = |Native joint JSW- Template JSW|. RESULTS: The average dJSW ranged from 0.10 mm to 0.30 mm for approximately half of the average joint radius.CONCLUSIONS: A new technique for 3D imaging based on anatomical templates has been demonstrated. The work is specific to hand imaging but may be applied to other anatomical objects with regularity of shape. It may also complement previous work in digital tomosynthesis.
Optical position encoding and phase control of an electrostatically driven two-dimensional MOEMS scanner at two resonant modes

We have developed compact devices to control electrostatically driven resonant micromirrors with one and two axes. For stable oscillation with large amplitude, operation close to resonance must be ensured under varying environmental conditions. Our devices feature optical position sensing and driver electronics with closed loop control. In this contribution, we present in much detail the novel two-dimensional device and highlight specific aspects of this system.
A system for the dynamic characterization of microstructures

This paper describes a fully automated measurement system designed to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of micromechanical structures (millimeter dimensions). To validate the system, vibration measurements have been carried on two structures-a micromachined silicon cantilever and bridge-and the results are presented. Out-of-plane measurements show that for the cantilever, both the mode shapes and resonant frequencies agree with beam theory predictions. However, for the bridge structure, tension due to boron doping causes a change from beam-like behavior and a more complex model is required. Mode-shapes natural frequencies and modal damping are determined from data obtained by vibrating the structures using a piezoelectric mounting system and deriving the transfer function between the piezodrive voltage and beam vibrational velocity.
A year living with SARS-CoV-2: an epidemiological overview of viral lineage circulation by whole-genome sequencing in Barcelona city (Catalonia, Spain)

ABSTRACT Herein, we describe the genetic diversity of circulating SARS-CoV-2 viruses by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in Barcelona city (Catalonia, Spain) throughout the first four pandemic waves. From weeks 11/2020–24/2021, SARS-CoV-2-positive respiratory samples were randomly selected per clinical setting (80% from primary care or 20% from the hospital), age group, and week. WGS was performed following the ARTICv3 protocol on MiSeq or NextSeq2000 Illumina platforms. Nearly complete consensus sequences were used for genetic characterization based on GISAID and PANGOLIN nomenclatures. From 2475 samples, 2166 (87%) were fully sequenced (78% from primary care and 22% from hospital settings). Multiple genetic lineages were co-circulating, but four were predominant at different periods. While B.1. 5 (50.68%) and B.1. 1 (32.88%) were the major lineages during the first pandemic wave, B.1. 177 (66.85%) and B.1. 1.7 (83.80%) were predominant during the second, third, and fourth waves, respectively. Almost all (96.4%) were carrying D614G mutation in the S protein, with additional mutations that define lineages or variants. But some mutations of concern, such as E484K from B.1. 351 and P.1 lineages are currently under monitoring, together with those observed in the receptor-binding domain or N-terminal domain, such as L452R and T478K from B.1. 617.2 lineage. The fact that a predominant lineage was observed in each pandemic wave suggests advantageous properties over other contemporary co-circulating variants. This genetic variability should be monitored, especially when a massive vaccination campaign is ongoing because the potential selection and emergence of novel antigenic SARS-CoV-2 strains related to immunological escapement events.
Synthesis of a new functionalized pyridoxine derivatives based on 2-halopyridine-3,4-dicarbonitriles

Abstract Two new approaches to the synthesis of functionalized pyridoxine derivatives with hydroxymethyl groups at positions 3 and 4 of the pyridine ring have been implemented based on the transformations of 2-halopyridine-3,4-dicarbonitriles. The first path involves obtaining target compounds with a halogen atom in the 2-position of pyridine by reduction of intermediate pyridine-3,4-dicarboxylates with sodium borohydride. The second approach is based on the reduction of annelated furo[3,4-c]pyridin-3(1H)-ones and allows obtaining both 2-halogen- and 2-alkylamino-substituted pyridoxine derivatives. Graphical Abstract
Teleoperation of an underwater robotic repair system using graphical simulation

In the main, the current control method for underwater manipulators involves a master slave robot configuration combined with visual feedback provided by closed circuit TV from a number of ROV mounted cameras. In order to overcome the various telepresence and operational drawbacks of this system, a new method of both control and feedback, utilising simulation software developed for offline programming, is currently under development. This paper describes these new methods, and summarises the need for them and their inherent advantages over current technology. It also includes a description of the first stages of their development and the evaluation experiments which were used to judge the feasibility of the continuance of the project. >
Key Management in Wireless Sensor Networks: Development and Challenges

In wireless sensor network (WSN) security, key management is a big challenge issue as it forms the basic security structure of the networks. Various WSN key management schemes proposed so far attempt to satisfy the security, efficiency and operation requirements under the resource constrain of WSN. In this paper, the constraints of WSN and requirements of key management are discussed. Several key management schemes are presented, analyzed and classified. Finally, some unresolved issues and future works on these schemes are identified. The discussion focuses on efficiency, fault tolerant, influence reduction, dynamic management and cross-layer security.
SVMMAP Modeling of SAR Imagery for Unsupervised Segmentation with Bootstrap Sampling

A spatially variant mixture multiscale autoregressive prediction (SVMMAP) model is present, which was applied to segmentation of SAR imagery. General process is as follow: at first, by Bootstrap sampling technique a small representative set of pixels is selected; then, expectation maximization (EM) algorithm and least square (LS) estimation were used to estimate the model, and minimum description length (MDL) rule was employed to choose classification number; at last, Bayes classifier was used to segment image. For a simulated image of size 256×256, a segmentation accuracy of 99.76% was achieved. Besides, quantitative assessment was also presented about segmentation quality of images.
Suppression of smeared spectrum ECM signal

Abstract Three electronic counter‐countermeasures (ECCM) techniques for suppressing smeared spectrum (SMSP) jamming, a new electronic counter measures (ECM) technique, are presented. The analytical representations of the SMSP ECM signal in the time domain and the frequency domain are first derived, and then the differences between the SMSP jamming signal and the radar linear frequency modulation (LFM) signal are analyzed. Based on the differences, a jamming suppression system specifically for SMSP jamming interference excision is designed, which applies three different signal processing tools, i.e. fractional Fourier transform (FRFT), Fourier transform (FT) and atomic decomposition (AD). The jamming suppression performance of the presented methods is evaluated through simulations. The simulation results show that the presented methods can successfully suppress SMSP jamming.
Strong Single-Arm Latch Comparator with Reduced Power Consumption

In today’s world, high speed comparators are used in analog to digital converters that measure and digitize the analogue signals. It is important to consider and optimize a variety of factors such as speed, delay, offset voltage and power consumption. To improve delay, area and power consumption a strong single-arm latch comparator is proposed here. It uses low threshold voltage transistors (LVT) for quick switching action, which reduces the delay. The conventional single tail comparator, existing strong arm latch comparator and proposed strong single-arm latch comparator are implemented using Cadence Virtuoso at 45 nm technology with supply voltage of 0.5 V. The rise and fall time of the proposed strong single-arm latch comparator are observed to be equal with the value of 15 ps, which makes it a symmetrical circuit. This is achieved using sizing of the MOSFETs. In the proposed strong single-arm latch comparator the i) overall speed is increased by 53.27% and 85.29% ii) delay is decreased by 30.75% and 45.96% iii) offset voltage is reduced by 58.11% and 23.6% practically and 11.11% and 8% theoretically iv) power consumption is decreased by 91.6% and 96.16% v) area is decreased by 97.37% and 94.15% in comparison with an existing strong arm latch comparator and conventional single tail comparator respectively.
Quantum chemical study on the interaction of arginine with silica surface

The structure and energy characteristics of structures formed during arginine adsorption on silica surface from aqueous solution were studied by the density functional theory (B3LYP) method using a valence-split basis set 6-31++G(d,p) within the continuous solvent model (PCM) and supermolecular approximation. The equilibrium structural and energy parameters of the protonated arginine molecule in the gas phase dependent on the location of the hydrogen atom are considered including those of two possible zwitterions. The structure of the arginine ion Н2А+, which is formed when a proton attaches to a molecule or zwitterion of a given amino acid, has been elucidated. To determine the deprotonation constant of the carboxyl group in an acidic medium, the complexes of the arginine molecule (AH32+) in the state with undissociated and deprotonated carboxyl groups are considered. The simulation of the acid medium was performed by taking into account the interaction with two hydrated HCl ion pairs, which provided the protonation of the a-amino group and the nitrogen atom of amino group within the guanidine group. In the study on the interaction of an arginine molecule with silica surface in an aqueous medium, complexes containing a Si8O12(OH)7O– ion with a deprotonated silanol group, six water molecules, and an arginine molecule with a deprotonated carboxyl group were considered. It has been found that the arginine molecule is most likely to be adsorbed on slica surface with formation of hydrogen bonds between the hydrogen atoms of the a-amino group and the oxygen atom of the deprotonated silanol group. In this case, the formation of a hydrogen bond between the oxygen atom of the carboxyl group and the hydrogen atom of the neighboring silanol group is possible. Slightly less likely is adsorption of arginine molecules due to interaction of the guanidine group with silanol groups of the surface. According to the calculated data, the adsorption of the zwitterionic form of the arginine molecule from the aqueous solution is equally likely to occur due to interaction of silanol groups of silica surface with both the carboxyl group and the guanidine group.
Digital voice-of-customer processing by topic modelling algorithms: insights to validate empirical results

PurposeDigital voice-of-customer (digital VoC) analysis is gaining much attention in the field of quality management. Digital VoC can be a great source of knowledge about customer needs, habits and expectations. To this end, the most popular approach is based on the application of text mining algorithms named topic modelling. These algorithms can identify latent topics discussed within digital VoC and categorise each source (e.g. each review) based on its content. This paper aims to propose a structured procedure for validating the results produced by topic modelling algorithms.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed procedure compares, on random samples, the results produced by topic modelling algorithms with those generated by human evaluators. The use of specific metrics allows to make a comparison between the two approaches and to provide a preliminary empirical validation.FindingsThe proposed procedure can address users of topic modelling algorithms in validating the obtained results. An application case study related to some car-sharing services supports the description.Originality/valueDespite the vast success of topic modelling-based approaches, metrics and procedures to validate the obtained results are still lacking. This paper provides a first practical and structured validation procedure specifically employed for quality-related applications.
Nanostructures Failures and Fully Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Nowadays, the concern about the limitations of space and natural resources has driven the motivation for the development of increasingly smaller, more efficient, and energy-saving electromechanical devices. Since the revolution of “microchips”, during the second half of the twentieth century, besides the production of microcomputers, it has been possible to develop new technologies in the areas of mechanization, transportation, telecommunications, among others. However, much room for significant improvements in factors as shorter computational processing time, lower energy consumption in the same kind of work, more efficiency in energy storage, more reliable sensors, and better miniaturization of electronic devices. In particular, nanotechnology based on carbon has received continuous attention in the world’s scientific scenario. The riches found in different physical properties of the nanostructures as, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and other exotic allotropic forms deriving from carbon. Thus, through classical molecular dynamics (CMD) methods with the use of reactive interatomic potentials reactive force field (ReaxFF), the scientific research conducted through this chapter aims to study the nanostructural, dynamic and elastic properties of nanostructured systems such as graphene single layer and conventional carbon nanotube (CNTs).
Effect of Olive Cake and Cactus Cladodes Incorporation in Goat Kids’ Diet on the Rumen Microbial Community Profile and Meat Fatty Acid Composition

Simple Summary Throughout the world, the ruminant diet is based on conventional feedstuffs, which their price constantly fluctuates, and their use presents a concurrence to human nutrition. The use of alternative feed resources seems to be a solution to reduce charges and diversify ruminants’ diet. Olive cake and cactus cladodes are two alternative feed resources that are recommended to be used in ruminant feed. However, their effect on the bacterial community of ruminants is not widely investigated. This study aims to evaluate the effect of olive cake and cactus cladodes on the ruminal microbial ecosystem and meat fatty acids of goat kids. The incorporation of these feedstuffs did not change the bacterial abundance and diversity. Goat kids’ rumen liquor seemed to be able to adapt to alternative feed resources incorporation. The introduction of olive cake and cactus cladodes slightly affect meat fatty acids without a negative effect. Thus, ruminants seem to have the ability to adapt to the alternative feed resources digestion, and their use as a feed could diversify feed and reduce feed cost. Abstract The olive cake (OC) and the cactus cladodes (CC) are two alternative feed resources widely available in the southern Mediterranean region that could be used in ruminants’ diet. Their impact on the rumen bacterial ecosystem is unknown. This work aims to evaluate their effects on the microbial community and meat fatty acids of goat’s kids. Forty-four goat kids were divided into four groups receiving diets with conventional concentrate, or 35% OC, or 30% CC, or 15% OC, and 15% CC. After 3 months, these animals were slaughtered, and the rumen liquor and longissimus dorsi and semimembranosus muscles samples were collected. Animals receiving a control diet had rumen liquor with high acidity than test groups (p < 0.001). Test rumen liquor was more adapted to digest efficiently their matching diet than control liquor (p < 0.05). These feedstuffs did not affect rumen bacteria abundance and alpha diversity (richness, evenness, and reciprocal Simpson indexes), and these results were confirmed by beta-diversity tests (NMDS plot, HOMOVA, PERMANOVA). The test diets slightly affected the individual fatty acids of meat (p < 0.05) without effect on fatty acids summaries, indexes, and ratios. Thus, these alternative feed resources could take place in goat kids’ diet to diversify their feed and to reduce feed costs.
An exploratory analysis of news trends on twitter

Analyzing social media data can be a rich supplement to the traditional reporting tools of interviews and observation. In this work we proposed a framework for analyzing and exploring twitter streams, by fusing information about the inﬂuence of the users, the topics of discussion, the relations and co-occurrences of the named entities. The framework offers expressive visualization tools, enabling users to draw useful conclusions about the data