Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Qwerty Phenomenon: Its Relevance in a World with Creative Destruction

Abstract Does quality always win? Looking at the critical drivers of success in and efficiency of high-tech markets, two contrasting perspectives exist in the academic sector. One camp argues that the higher quality of a product or service exerts a major influence on its market success. Consequently, an inferior market player should not persist. The opposite group emphasises the importance of network effects, which can lead to lock-ins in inferior situations or being stuck in a bad equilibria accordingly, also known as the QWERTY phenomenon. In this paper, we investigate this debate. We demonstrate that the missing consideration of the status quo bias in previous studies leads to the rejection of the QWERTY phenomenon, which means that independent of the quality offered by a business or service the pure moment of who reaches the customer first, establishes a status quo from which it is hardly possible to escape. We give several examples with inferior market leaders. We suggest that this phenomenon causes only temporary harm, and lock-ins could be overcome by Schumpeterian creative destruction. Therefore, we claim that even if lock-ins exist, they pose no problems as innovative market participants have the opportunity to introduce new business models.
Application of bioremediation on solid waste management : A review

Bioremediation is an alternative way to manage or to degrade the waste. It is eco friendly and much cost effective as compared to other traditional technique such as incineration. The main purpose of this paper is to pay more attention towards bioremediation. This paper outlines the different processes of bioremediation, their limitation and the process to remove different heavy metals, and other waste which is harmful to human beings. When metals are treated with microbes it get accumulated or attached on microbialmembrane.And after that it can be extract frommicrobes through cell fragmentation.
An Investigation of The Underlying Factors of Aggressive Behaviour in Sport: The Impact of Competitiveness, Violent Video Games and General aggression

Aggression and competitiveness are important aspects of any sport. However, these variables alone are not sufficient in explaining the underlying aspects of aggressive behaviour during sport. As plenty of empirical evidence exists to connect violent video games to aggression and aggressive behaviour, the current study aims to explore the ability of aggression, competitiveness and violent video gameplay to predict aggressive behaviour in sport. 60 county club level hurling and Gaelic football players participated in this study. Questionnaires were used to measure general aggression (The Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire), competitiveness (The Sports Orientation Questionnaire), negative mood (The State Hostility Scale) and violent video gameplay. Participants were observed during games of hurling and Gaelic football in order to measure aggressive behaviour. Results showed competitiveness and violent video gameplay to be significant predictors of aggressive behaviour in sport. Verbal aggression and anger were also found to be significant predictors of aggressive behaviour in sport. Results are discussed in light of limitations and implications for future research are included.
DETERMINANTS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF GOVERNMENT FUNDED CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN LAMU COUNTY, KENYA

The building and construction industry in Kenya is characterized by delays and sometimes abandonment in the public sector. This phenomenon leads to economic losses and poor delivery of services. This is in spite of the fact that the industry is supposed to be the engine of economic growth through interlinkages that spur investment. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of scope plans on implementation of projects, consider how funding influences implementation of projects, examine how socio-economic factors affect implementation of projects and finally consider the influence of policy instruments on implementation of government sponsored projects all in Lamu County. The study reviewed existing literature on determinants of completion rate of projects and a number of variables came out significantly including poor project plans, contractors financial difficulties, poor coordination, poor site management, poor feasibility studies, literacy levels, and lack of stakeholders involvement. The study was informed by the fact that out of 71 government sponsored construction projects which were funded in the year 2013/2014, a paltry 6 were completed on time. In line of this, the study sought to find out the influence of various factors on completion of projects including scope plans, funding, socio-economic factors, procurement procedures and governance. Data was collected from a population of 71 construction projects and obtained 52 responses which is 73.23% response rate. Respondents were selected from county government representatives, Project managers, contractors and professionals. A survey instrument (questionnaire^) was used to collect data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data in frequencies and percentages. The study found out that adequate funding is key to ensure that projects reach decommissioning stage. Further, the study found out that project plans play a critical role in promotion of construction projects. It was also realised that socio-economic factors influenced implementation of projects in the area of study. Additionally, the study found that proper procurement processes and good governance greatly influenced implementation of construction projects. The study recommends that the county should allocate sufficient funds to facilitate implementation of construction projects. Secondly, the study recommends preparation and use of effective project plans to ensure that what is done is in line with what is planned in construction projects. This would be achieved by involving professionals to prepare adequate scope plans. Moreover, the study recommends embracing independent and transparent procurement procedures and putting in place good governance in implementation of construction projects.
Collision Risk Computation accounting for Complex geometries of involved objects

Most of existing algorithms deal with the problem of collision risk assuming spherical objects. This assumption works fine if the size of the satellite is much smaller than the standard deviation of the position uncertainty and it shows approximately the same area for any attitude, as the collision risk will depend on the total area exposed and not to the precise shape of the objects. As the orbit determination algorithms and the surveillance systems improve, this assumption may fail for some satellites. This situation can be solved using complex geometries definition, where a satellite can be defined differently to an sphere. A method implemented in the ESA operational CORAM tool is presented in this paper. The method is based on addressing complex geometries by assuming a satellite composed of several oriented boxes. The algorithm is based on the computation of the collision volume accounting for the geometry of the two objects. While in the spherical case the hard-body object (collision volume) can be computed as another sphere whose radius is the sum of the radii of the two original spheres, in the complex case this hard body computation is more complicated. It is accomplished by assuming constant attitude and calculating the Minkowski sum of the two objects, and then projecting it onto the encounter plane. Together with a detailed description of the algorithms, its applicability to some cases is reported, considering different cases of geometries and orbital data accuracy. For spacecraft that cannot be considered as spheres, the consideration of the real geometry of the objects may allow to may allow accepting events which show lower risk than when assessed with the spherical model, or estimate with larger reliability the risk associated to the event. This is of particular importance for the case of large spacecraft as the uncertainty in positions of actual catalogues does not reach small values to make a difference for the case of objects below meter size. As the tracking systems improve and the orbits of catalogued objects are known more precisely, the importance of considering actual shapes of the objects will become more relevant. Demonstration of feasibility of this algorithm is done through Monte Carlo simulations. The Monte Carlo evaluation of the possible collisions between the two objects, where one of them is at least of complex geometry also require specific considerations summarised along the paper. These algorithms have been implemented in the ESA operational tool CORAM, developed by Elecnor DEIMOS, which is used for the evaluation of collision risk of ESA operated missions.
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT EFFECT ON OPERATING PERFORMANCE TRANSPORTATION COMPANY OF BUS IN THREE CITY BANDUNG, CIREBON, AND TASIKMALAYA WEST JAVA PROVINCE

To determine the influence of the application of Total Quality Management (TQM) in public bus transportation services company which includes: focus on the customer, continuous improvement, and overall involvement of the company's operational performance in creating competitive advantage. Research carried out this application to the company's public bus transportation services in Bandung, Tasikmalaya and Cirebon West Java province. The data taken was done by using surveys and questionnaires. As for the total sample of 58 respondents with a simple random sampling method. Respondents were drawn is the operations manager, marketing manager, finance manager and several others which include: staff marketing, operations, and finance department. For data analysis and hypothesis testing used path analysis models with SPSS. From the calculation, that there is the effect of the application of Total Quality Management (TQM), which includes a focus on the customer, continuous improvement, and involvement as a whole, either partially or collectively have a significant positive effect on operating performance in creating a competitive advantage Public bus transportation services company in West Java.
Effect of a tranquilizer on stress control in birds under restraint

Birds are easily disabled by stress, which often has adverse effects on their health, and thus birds should be handled as little as possible to minimize stress. In the present study, the effects of the tranquilizer Diazepam against restraint stress were evaluated using the Japanese quail Coturnix coturnix japonica. When restraint stress was applied to the birds by squeezing the cage, the plasma corticosterone (hormone which increases under stress) levels increased markedly, while no difference was observed in the birds that had only undergone blood sampling. Thus, the squeezed cage is a suitable instrument for restraint stress. Intramuscular injection of diazepam before restraint stress resulted in no significant increase in the corticosterone level. In contrast, the corticosterone level increased markedly when saline was administrated as a placebo. These findings demonstrate that use of a tranquilizer is very effective in reducing stress, and that tranquilizers will be useful in the study of reductions in stress or investigation of the mechanisms of stress in birds. Yanagawa 2
Spectroscopic analysis of four post-AGB candidates

We have done a detailed abundance analysis of four unexplored candidate postAsymptotic Giant Branch(AGB) stars IRAS 13110-6629, IRAS 17579-3121, IRAS 18321-1401 and IRAS 18489-0629 using high resolution spectra. We have constructed Spectral Energy Distributions (SED) for these objects using the existing photometric data combined with infrared (IR) fluxes. For all sample stars, the SEDs exhibit double peaked energy distribution with well separated IR peaks showing the presence of dusty circumstellar material. The CNO abundances indicate the production of N via CN cycling, but observed [C/Fe] indicates the mixing of carbon produced by He burning by third dredge up although C/O ratio remains less that 1. A moderate DG-effect is clearly seen for IRAS 18489-0629 and IRAS 17579-3121 while a large scatter observed in depletion plots for IRAS 18321-1401 and IRAS 13110-6629 indicate the presence of other processes affecting the observed abundance pattern.
Water residence time: A regulatory factor of the DOM to POM transfer efficiency

The pools of dissolved (DOM) and particulate organic matter (POM) and of transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP) were studied along two sampling gradients in the lagoon of New Caledonia in relation to the residence time of the water masses. The efficiency of the transfer of material from the dissolved to the particulate phase via TEP formation, indicating the physicochemical reactivity of organic matter, was investigated. DOM, POM, and TEP concentration increased along the sampling gradients, but their relative proportions varied. The contribution of the TEP pool to POM increased from 20% to 60%, from the most oligotrophic stations to the more anthropogenically affected bays. According to the low density of TEP and to the observed variations of the proportion of TEP compared with more conventional and solid particles, the aggregates formed inside the bays would be either neutrally or positively buoyant, whereas in the vicinity of the coral barrier, they would be negatively buoyant. As a result, the downward export of organic matter inside the bays might be greatly reduced, thereby prolonging the residence time of organic matter in the water column. The efficiency of the DOM/TEP transformation and the TEP turnover rate dropped drastically when the residence time increased from 0 to 50 d, suggesting that the reactivity of organic matter is reduced as it ages. The very high residence time of the water mass inside the bays, constrained by the hydrodynamic circulation inside the lagoon, favors the installation of a feedback system in which organic matter is not exported and is continuously degraded, leading to the formation of refractory DOM with a low physicochemical reactivity. In contrast, organic matter produced in areas in which water mass has a low residence time (i.e., near the coral barrier) is rapidly exported because of its high physicochemical reactivity.
EFFECT OF CHEMICALS AND GROWTH REGULATORS ON GERMINATION, VIGOUR AND GROWTH OF PASSION FRUIT (PASSIFLORA EDULIS SIMS.)

An experiment was conducted during 2010-2011 to study the effect of chemicals and growth regulators on germination, vigour and growth of passion fruit. The study showed significant differences among the treatments. Maximum germination percentage (84%) and germination index (2.02) was observed in seeds treated with thiourea 1 per cent. Maximum seedling height 16.23cm, 19.62cm and 20.91cm and number of leaves 10.25, 11.35 and 14.25 were observed in seeds treated with GA 3 500 ppm at 30, 60 and 90 days respectively. Vigour index-I (1547.34 cm) and Vigour index-II (128.76 g) were recorded maximum in GA 3 500 ppm treated seeds. Also, the maximum fresh and dry weights of shoot were 3.76 g and 0.98 g respectively in GA3 500 ppm treated seeds. The use of growth regulator is therefore recommended as an approach for propagation of passion fruits.
Relativistic runaway breakdown in low-frequency radio

[1] The electromagnetic radiation emitted by an electron avalanche beam resulting from relativistic runaway breakdown within the Earth's atmosphere is investigated. It is found from theoretical modeling with a computer simulation that the electron beam emits electromagnetic radiation which is characterized by consecutive broadband pulses in the low-frequency radio range from ∼10 to 300 kHz at a distance of ∼800 km. Experimental evidence for the existence of consecutive broadband pulses is provided by low-frequency radio observations of sprite-producing lightning discharges at a distance of ∼550 km. The measured broadband pulses occur ∼4–9 ms after the sprite-producing lightning discharge, they exhibit electromagnetic radiation which mainly spans the frequency range from ∼50 to 350 kHz, and they exhibit complex waveforms without the typical ionospheric reflection of the first hop sky wave. Two consecutive pulses occur ∼4.5 ms and ∼3 ms after the causative lightning discharge and coincide with the sprite luminosity. It is concluded that relativistic runaway breakdown within the Earth's atmosphere can emit broadband electromagnetic pulses and possibly generates sprites. The source location of the broadband pulses can be determined with an interferometric network of wideband low-frequency radio receivers to lend further experimental support to the relativistic runaway breakdown theory.
Employment Effects of Product and Labour Market Reforms: Are There Synergies?

This article investigates the effect of product market liberalisation on employment allowing for interactions between policies and institutions in product and labour markets. Using panel data for OECD countries over the period 1980–2002, we present evidence that product market deregulation is more effective at the margin when labour market regulation is high. The data also suggest that product market liberalisation may promote employment‐enhancing labour market reforms.
Classification and Novel Class Detection in Data Streams Using Strings

Data streams are continuous and always keep evolving in nature. Because of these reasons it becomes difficult to handle such data with simple and static strategies. Data stream poses four main challenges to researchers. These are infinite length, concept-evolution, concept-drift and feature evolution. Infinite-length is because of the amount of data having no bounds. Concept-drift is due to slow changes in the concept of stream. Concept-evolution occurs due to presence of unknown classes in data. Feature-evolution is because of new features continuously keeping appearing in the stream and older ones start disappearing. For performing any analysis on such data we first need to convert it into some knowledgeable form and also need to handle the above mentioned challenges. Various strategies have been proposed to tackle these difficulties. But most of them focus on handling the problem of infinite-length and concept-drift. In this paper, we make efforts to propose a string based strategy to handle infinite-length, concept-evolution and concept-drift.
STUDY OF FLUID FLOW AROUND IMPELLER BLADES IN RUSHTON TURBINE IN A BAFFLED VESSEL USING COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS

The present study summarizes the design of the Rushton turbine and simulates the three-dimensional turbulent flow around the impeller blades of Rushton turbine in a stirred baffled vessel. The 3-dimensional flow around the impeller interacts with the baffles as the impeller rotates. This generates extremely complex flow physics within the vessel being stirred. The simulations are carried out using the Multiple Reference Frame (MRF) approach. The 3-dimensional model of the Rushton turbine and vessel is modelled as per the literature of Ranade et al. using SolidWorks package. The Rushton turbine with impellers is discretized into smaller finite volume domains using ICEM CFD pre-processing tool. Hexahedral grids are generated through the turbine and the impellers. The hexahedral cells generated are used to capture the boundary layer phenomenon more accurately compared to the tetrahedral cells for the same cell count. The flow physics involves both stationary and rotating domains and proper interface is provided between these domains so that the flux transfer is more uniform. A finite volume CFD code ANSYS CFX 12.1 is used to capture the 3-dimensional flow fields by solving the continuity, momentum and energy equations using RANS algorithm. A second order upwind scheme is employed for better accuracy. Shear Stress Transport (SST) k- ω turbulence model is used to capture the fluctuating quantities generated due to the turbulence created. SST k- ω has a blending function which ranges from 0 to 1 and can act both s as Standard kω and Standard k-e turbulence models. The flow field near the walls is captured using Standard k-ω models and the flow physics at the free stream region is captured using Standard k-e model. The numerically predicted results are compared with the experimental data available in the literature. Upon validation, the baffled vessel is varied for different rotational speeds and numerically analysis is carried out. The radial velocity contours and streamlines along with the turbulent kinetic energy are presented at the mid plane of the turbine rotational speeds. The effect of baffles is studied with respect to the flow optimization thereby increasing the reliability and life time of the Rushton turbine.
A Novel Low Power Profile for Mixed-Signal Design of SARADC

In this paper, a new low-power profile for mixed-signal design of SARADC is presented. In this profile, fre- quency dependency of the design power rather than the conventional supply voltage is emphasized. According to this fre- quency dependency, a new method for low power design in the mixed-signal domain is presented. In this method, whole system is divided into clocked parts and non clocked parts subsystem. Accordingly, a new formula for power consuming in the mixed signal domain is offered. Evaluation results show that when the frequency of a mixed signal system drops down, the ratio of power consumption in analog and digital units have different patterns. In this respect, for our target study of SARADC the power share in analog is about constant while the share of digital sections is rapidly reduced. This means that to reduce the total power, the analog section must be redesigned. The SARADC has a major analog unit as a comparator. In this paper, a new comparator is developed that reduced the analog part share from 89% at 100 KHz to 72% at 100 KHz. The frequency of the target design is selected in range 50 KHz - 200 KHz, which is the conventional range of operations for ADC in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) nodes. Therefore, proposed new SARADC design is fully suitable for WSN node ap- plications. The proposed SARADC is designed and simulated in 90nm CMOS with the total average power of 4. 96µW at 100 KHz.
THE EFFECTS OF AUDITORS' REPUTATION AND DEFAULT RISKS ON UNETHICAL USAGE OF EXPENSES IN KOREA

In this study, we investigate the effects of a peculiar type of expenses in Korea, catering expenses, also known as entertainment costs, which are sometimes used as a barometer of unethical usage of expenses, to make best of illegal loopholes in manipulating taxable income and other discretionary usage in various business activities. We use firm level data for firms listed on and delisted from KOSPI during the period 1991 to 2007. From the study, we find that (1) the catering expenses, measured as a ratio to sales, do not have any statistically significant relationship with the reputation of auditors, proxied by big 4 auditing firms, which are the biggest in size and primarily associated with global auditing and consulting firms like Ernest Young, that (2) they increase with bad audit opinions, implying firms try hard to improve the results of audit using catering expenses, that (3) the predicted default risks increase the expenditure of the expense while the defaults actually incurred decrease such spending and that (4) the expenses increase with new auditors, implying that firms cater their auditors for better audit opinions. Thus, we can infer that firms in Korea might have used unethically expenses more when in distress financially and accounting audits.