Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Saturnian droplet

Abstract Electrohydrodynamic instabilities at liquid interfaces continue to defy our intuition, from the pioneering work of Taylor (Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, vol. 280, issue 1382, 1964, pp. 383–397) on conical tips of electrified droplets to a recent numerical study by Wagoner et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 904, 2020, R4). The problem studied by Wagoner et al. (2020) consists of a droplet immersed in a more conducting and more dielectric liquid medium, in a strong electrical field. When the droplet is more viscous than the outer medium, the droplet develops a biconcave shape which might eventually evolve to a torus shape (or doughnut). In contrast, when the droplet is less viscous, it adopts a lenticular shape and emits a thin fluid sheet from its equator which in turn breaks up into droplets. These droplets form a ring of satellites around the original droplet, which justifies its appellation ‘Saturnian droplet’. The numerical simulations bring light to this complex phenomenon and confirm the robustness of the leaky-dielectric framework (Melcher & Taylor, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., vol. 1, 1969, pp. 111–146).
Decoupled rolling, sliding and sticking of a viscoplastic drop on a superhydrophobic surface

Abstract While the dynamics of Newtonian fluid drops on an inclined non-wettable surface has been widely reported, that of viscoplastic drops is less well known. Combining experimental and theoretical analysis, we reveal unique behaviours of viscoplastic drops on an inclined superhydrophobic surface: (i) decoupled rolling, sliding and sticking motions and (ii) two distinct rolling modes, i.e. viscous rolling and rigid-body rolling. First, determined by the relative magnitudes of gravitational, yield and adhesive stresses, a viscoplastic drop rolls, slides or sticks on a superhydrophobic surface. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first distinct differentiation of viscoplastic drop motions on a superhydrophobic surface, which is a clear departure from the previous observations of Newtonian drops on superhydrophobic surfaces and viscoplastic drops on hydrophilic/hydrophobic surfaces. We subcategorized two types of rolling as liquid-like viscous rolling and solid-like rigid-body rolling. With a low Deborah number (i.e. dimensionless viscoplastic relaxation time), the viscoplastic drop shows a viscous rolling as a Newtonian drop does on an inclined surface. With a high Deborah number, however, the viscoplastic drop does not have enough time to be ‘fluid’. Consequently, the ellipsoidal drop deforms to be more spherical as it goes down the inclined surface, and tumbles, as if a solid body initiates its rolling by ‘tipping’.
Growth of Diamond-Like Carbon and Icosahedral Boron Carbide by Chemical Vapor Deposition System

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) possesses an array of valuable properties: outstanding abrasion and wear resistance; chemical inertness; exceptional hardness; low coefficient of friction; and high dielectric strength. Methods used to deposit DLC include ion beam deposition, cathodic arc spray, pulsed laser ablation, argon ion sputtering, and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. In the present work, carbon nano-structures were doped by boron atoms to synthesize icosahedral boron carbide using Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition(HFCVD) system. Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction technique, Debye-Scherrer calculation, Tuinstra-Koenig formula and scanning electron microscopy results were presented and discussed.
Global optimisation by replica exchange with scaled hybrid Hamiltonians

A global optimisation scheme based on replica-exchange molecular dynamics simulation with scaled hybrid Hamiltonians is presented and applied to fold trpzip2 peptide from extended structures with explicit water model using only eight replicas. The algorithm is shown to be capable of reproducibly optimising the peptide to structures of root mean squared deviations less than 2.5 Å with respect to all heavy atoms of NMR models. Moreover, the large amount of structural data sampled in the optimisation process enables us to provide a possible folding mechanism. The transition state ensemble is characterised by a largely formed turn and a compact packing of tryptophan 2, 4 and 9. The tryptophan 2/11 pair is found to form at a very late stage of the folding process. The first (closest to the turn) and the fourth native backbone hydrogen bonds form earlier and a picture of strict zipping up of hydrogen bonds is not observed. It is demonstrated in the present study that this global optimisation method which integrates structure prediction with approximated conformational samplings may be of help to understand the folding puzzle.
Reactions of chlorine with selected aromatic models of aquatic humic material

A series of compounds designed to model the monomeric components of aquatic humic material was reacted with aqueous chlorine at pH 7. Chloroform production and chlorine demand were measured for each compound over varied time periods. All compounds studied produced measurable amounts of chloroform with resorcinol derivatives showing the greatest yields. In addition, the chlorination reactions of resorcinol and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid were studied in depth with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The resorcinol reaction was found to proceed through several chlorinated intermediates, of which the most abundant was 3,5,5-trichlorocyclopent-3-ene-1,2-dione, to chloroform and chlorinated acids. Chlorination of the cinnamic acid derivative produced chlorinated substitution products and chlorophenols, which broke down upon further reaction to chloroacetic acids.
Diagnóstico del pensamiento crítico de estudiantes de educación primaria de Chimbote, Perú

Objective: To determine the level of development of critical thinking of the students of the Educational Institutions of primary education in Chimbote, Peru. Materials and methods: A descriptive study was conducted in Chimbote, 2016. Critical thinking was evaluated in 250 boys and girls who belong to the sixth grade of primary education in 2016. A questionnaire of 30 questions aimed at addressing the dialogic and substantive dimensions was applied; each question included five (5) response options on the Likert scale (1 = total disagreement up to 5 = total agreement). These variables were recategorized by scaling by percentiles classified into three categories: (a) high, between 150-100 points; (b) medium, between 99-50; and (c) low, between 49-0 points. A descriptive analysis of the critical thinking variable was carried out according to its substantive and dialogic dimensions through tables with their relative and absolute frequencies. Results: here is a negative tendency in developing critical thinking, which comprises the substantive and dialogical dimensions, being the lowest level the one that obtained the highest percentage of 54%, compared to the high level of 4.4%. Conclusion: There is a deficit of critical thinking in students and in their substantive and dialogical dimensions.
Diatom communities differ among Antarctic moss and lichen vegetation types

Abstract Continental Antarctica is a polar desert containing sparse pockets of vegetation within ice-free areas. Despite the recognized association between lichens, mosses and epiphytic diatoms, the environmental factors controlling diatom community structure are poorly understood. We investigated the association between diatom communities and host vegetation characteristics by experimentally adding nutrients and/or water to two bryophyte (healthy and moribund) and two lichen (crustose and Usnea) vegetation types in the Windmill Islands. Diatom communities were morphologically characterized, diversity indices calculated and differences between treatments, vegetation type and vegetation characteristics tested. We identified 49 diatom taxa, 8 of which occurred with > 1% relative abundance. Bryophyte and lichen vegetation harboured significantly different diatom communities, both in composition and diversity indices. Specifically, Luticola muticopsis was more prevalent in moribund bryophytes and crustose lichens, and Usnea lichens showed lower species richness than other types. While nutrient and water additions did not significantly alter diatom communities, diversity indices and some species showed relationships with vegetation physiological characteristics, notably %N and δ13C, suggesting the importance of ambient gradients in water and nutrient availability. Collectively, this work suggests that future conditions favouring the dominance of a particular vegetation type may have a homogenizing effect on the terrestrial diatom communities of East Antarctica.
Using a particle packing model considering cement as part of the "dry arrangement"

RESUMO O “arranjo seco” de um composto cimentício pode ser definido como a relação mássica ou volumétrica entre os materiais secos que o constitui. Por meio da fixação da espécie de material componente deste arranjo e do processo de produção do composto cimentício, é possível analisar de forma mais clara o processo de dosagem de um composto cimentício qualquer. Para analisar o comportamento destes compostos pelas mudanças nas quantidades volumétricas dos seus componentes, tem-se os modelos básicos de empacotamento de partículas, como é o caso do Modelo de Empacotamento de Funk e Dinger. O presente artigo tem como finalidade analisar as propriedades no estado fresco (índice de consistência) e endurecido (absorção de água, massa específica e resistência à compressão axial) das argamassas produzidas a partir do modelo de empacotamento de partículas de Funk e Dinger. Neste modelo, as partículas de cimento foram consideradas como parte do “arranjo seco” (agregados), transformando em “matriz” (ou agente de separação) somente o volume de água, facilitando desta forma a definição do consumo de cimento. Os resultados demonstraram que é possível alcançar, pela alteração da quantidade volumétrica dos componentes, uma redução do consumo de cimento de aproximadamente 32% e ao mesmo tempo alcançar um aumento da resistência à compressão axial de aproximadamente 59%, juntamente com a redução da absorção e o aumento da massa especifica dos corpos de prova. Contudo, foi verificado um decréscimo significativo na trabalhabilidade das argamassas produzidas.
Drop squeezing between arbitrary smooth obstacles

Abstract A fully three-dimensional boundary-integral method (BIM) is developed for the interaction of drops, suspended in a uniform far-field flow at small Reynolds number, with arbitrary Lyapunov surfaces. The close approach of fluid interfaces to solid surfaces poses significant challenges for numerical BIM implementations, due to the highly singular behaviour of single- and double-layer boundary integrals. Two new methods are described that generalize the accurate calculation of the highly singular surface integrals used by high-order desingularization techniques. The first method is semi-analytical, and applies to axisymmetric solid obstacles (in an arbitrary three-dimensional configuration). An axisymmetric particle can be divided into a series of characteristic disks along its axis, for which closed-form expressions for single and double layers are derived in terms of elliptic integrals. To accommodate arbitrary smooth surfaces, a multimesh desingularization method is introduced that calculates surface integrals utilizing a hierarchy of embedded mesh resolutions, together with distance-activated mesh interactions. Several particle shapes, including spherocylinders (capsules) and flat plates, are used to represent major classes characteristic of porous media. A droplet approaching a capsule will break up after forming two lobes, connected by a thin filament, on either side of the capsule. The cross-sectional shape of the filament affects lubrication behaviour. A constriction made of two parallel capsules, even of low aspect ratio, significantly retards drop passage compared to two spheres. Trends in drop squeezing between two capsules are summarized over a range of capillary number, viscosity ratio, drop size and capsule length. A constriction of two coplanar plates results in notably different lubrication and squeezing behaviour. Flow rectification is demonstrated for constrictions that are non-symmetrical with respect to flow reversal, for several non-axisymmetric particles.
Fluorescence Detection of Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure in Thin Films

The linearity of the fluorescence detection of the Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) signal of moderately thin film samples depends on the experiment geometry and on the sample thickness because of the self-absorption effect. The correction for thick samples has been extensively studied but there has not been reported a method which could be useable continuously for intermediate thickness. We propose an approximative method that, taking into account the sample thickness, will provide the correction of the EXAFS signal amplitude. In the present work, the correction is applied to two different systems: FeSi 2 thin films and Co/Cu superlattices. After correction, the determination of the crystallographic phase of FeSi 2 thin films over different sustrates has been carried out.
Emotions and Values in Equity Crowdfunding Investment Choices 2

The purpose of this exploratory research was to understand, explain and predict the behavior of investors in equity crowdfunding by focusing on the affective and axiological dimensions of the investment choice. Because of a corpus of qualitative data, we were able to adopt a back-and-forth approach between theory and data. Using this abductive/deductive/inductive approach, we developed an explanatory model that we estimated empirically by collecting data through laboratory experiment. Below, we first present our theoretical, methodological and managerial contributions (section C.1); we continue with the limits encountered at each major stage of this research (section C.2); and finally, we list the research avenues envisaged (section C.3).
Safety of different carotid artery revascularization strategies in the coronary artery bypass graft population: study protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Background Concomitant significant carotid artery occlusive diseases (CAOD) increase the risk of perioperative stroke and death in patients who undergo coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Although several surgical strategies can be used in the management of such patients, controversy still surrounds which is the best option for CABG patients with accompanying CAOD. Methods Literature searches will be conducted covering articles published in PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and Embase between January 1989 and December 2019. Search results will be limited to articles published in English. Six surgical strategies using carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or carotid artery stenting (CAS) with different timings (i.e., before, after, or combined with CABG) will be evaluated. Randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies comparing these strategies will be included. The quality of studies will be critically appraised using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool or ROBINS-I tool. Since CEA and CAS have comparable effectiveness for the treatment of significant CAOD, we will integrate direct and indirect evidence using network meta-analysis (NMA) to create hierarchies of the six surgical strategies based on their perioperative safety. The primary outcomes will be the probability of perioperative stroke and the probability of perioperative death. Additionally, we will analyze the probability of perioperative myocardial infarction (MI) as a secondary outcome. Pairwise meta-analyses and Bayesian network meta-analyses will be performed for all related outcome measures. Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and network meta-regression will be conducted to assess the robustness of the findings. Discussion This NMA will summarize the direct and indirect evidence of perioperative safety with the aim of providing a ranking of the various surgical strategies. The results of this meta-analysis will provide useful information on optimal surgical management of CABG patients with concomitant significant CAOD. Trial registration number PROSPERO CRD42020162611.
Graphene sponge for efficient and repeatable adsorption and desorption of water contaminations

Seeking highly-efficient, low-cost and robust methods to disinfect and decontaminate water from source to point-of-use is very much in demand. Here, we developed a new material, graphene sponge (GS), for water treatment, which was assembled with graphene oxide sheets by hydrothermal treatment with the assistance of thiourea. These GSs show a tunable pore structure and surface properties, and are mechanically strong. They show high adsorption ability for various water contaminations such as dyes, oils and many other organic solvents. The adsorption capacity of methylene blue and diesel oil in GSs can reach 184 mg g−1 and 129 g g−1, respectively. Moreover, the GSs can be repeatedly used by simple treatment without obvious structure and performance degradation. Additionally, we studied the relationship between the structure and contamination adsorption performance of GSs. It was found that the dye adsorption performance of GSs strongly depends on their surface charge concentration and specific surface area, but the oil adsorption capacity is mainly related to their specific surface area, indicating the different adsorption mechanism. These findings open up many possibilities for the use of graphene in water cleaning, including disinfection, decontamination, re-use, reclamation and desalination.
A study of service quality, corporate image, customer satisfaction, revisit intention and word-of-mouth: evidence from the KTV industry

Purpose This paper aims to understand the impact of service quality on corporate image and customer satisfaction. Furthermore, this study also examined the influence of corporate image and customer satisfaction on revisit intention and word of mouth. The mediation effect of corporate image and customer satisfaction on the relationships between service quality–revisit intention and service quality–word of mouth was also examined. Design/methodology/approach This study used the survey questionnaire method and collected data from 253 respondents comprising of customers who had karaoke singing experience in the Karaoke television (KTV). The partial least squares structural equation modeling was used in this study. Findings This study found that service quality has a significant positive influence on corporate image and customer satisfaction. Corporate image does not have a significant influence on revisit intention but has a significant positive influence on word of mouth. Furthermore, customer satisfaction has a significant positive influence on revisit intention and word of mouth. The mediation effect of corporate image and customer satisfaction is also found to be significant for most of the relationships. Originality/value This study showed the importance of service on customers’ reactions and behaviors in the KTV context, which have not been previously investigated. Businesses should always provide superior service quality to their customers because it impacts their subsequent behaviors such as revisit intention and word of mouth.
X‐ray mask repair with focused ion beams

The application of focused ion beams to the repair of defects in x‐ray masks is described. An image of the defective region on the mask is obtained using the ion beam in a manner analogous to a scanning electron microscope. Opaque defects are removed by physical sputtering of extra absorber. Clear defects are repaired by ion‐beam‐induced decomposition of an organometallic compound to form an opaque film on the substrate. Examples illustrating the repair process and demonstrating submicron spatial resolution are presented. The effect of ion channeling on imaging and opaque repair is also described.
Leader development: A pathway for social change?

Critical leadership development scholars argue that leadership development programmes (LDPs) should be the setting where participant’s aspirations and struggle to be a good leader can be voiced and reflected upon. Integral to this prompt is the call for LDPs to offer alternative approaches to the conventional, individualistic, leader-centric modules through innovative programme design and delivery. In this article, we investigate the outcomes of one LDP where innovation, notions of good leadership and the power of the collective to create fundamental change for the betterment of society are sought by the facilitators. Through semi-structured interviews with alumni, we consider whether they, in the aftermath of the LDP, have taken steps to effect positive change across communities and society and secondly, whether they perceive that the LDP prepared them to meet this expectation. We argue existing societal power and leadership dynamics remain invisible and unchallenged. There was little acknowledgement of the wider role social structural forces play, both formal and informal, in reinforcing the status quo. Importantly, this research is a stark reminder of how, to varying degrees and levels of consciousness, advantaged groups prop up systemic processes that embed their privilege and further exacerbate social inequalities.
Improvement of accuracy in quantification of 3‐monochloropropane‐1,2‐diol esters by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Fettwissenschaft standard methods C‐III 18

By Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Fettwissenschaft (DGF) standard methods C-III 18 for the determination of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), the minimum limit of detection was lower in the case of actual oil samples compared to the calibration samples. The problem was found to be lied in the low recovery of 3-MCPD derivatives from the aqueous phase to the organic phase at the extraction step of the standard procedure. The substitution of the conventional solvent, n-hexane, with n-butanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate increased the recovery to the relative extent of 5.6, 4.7, and 3.9, respectively. The modification contributed to improve the accuracy of the method, especially at lower concentration (<1 ppm) of 3-MCPD. Practical applications: This paper provides the modification of DGF standard methods C-III 18 in order to improve the accuracy to quantify 3-MCPD at lower concentration. It might be important for estimation and control of our daily intake of 3-MCPD, and for the product control in the fat and oil processing.
Classification of the User's Intent Detection in Ecommerce systems – Survey and Recommendations

: The personalized experience gets more and more attention these days. Many e-commerce businesses are looking for methods to deliver personalized service. Consumers are expecting, if not demanding, highly personalized experiences. Moreover, customers are typically willing to spend more when they receive such a custom-tailored service. A prerequisite to provide a genuinely personalized experience is to understand the customer. Intent detection is a new and challenging approach in modern e-commerce to understand the customer. We find that various aspects of customer intent detection can be tackled by leveraging tremendous recent recommendation systems' progress. In this work, we review existing works from different domains that can be re-used for customer intent detection in the e-commerce. Even though many methods are used, there is no comparison of available approaches. Based on a review of nearly 100 articles from 2015 until 2019, we propose a categorization of types of intent detection, personalization context, building a customer profile, and dynamic changes in user interests handling. We also summarize existing methods from applicability in the e-commerce domain, including the aspect of the General Data Protection Regulation requirements. The paper aims at the classification of applied techniques and highlights their advantages and disadvantages.