Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
crust: Insights from ODP Hole 1256D

10 Fluxes of metals during the hydrothermal alteration of the oceanic crust have far reaching effects 11 including buffering of the compositions of the ocean and lithosphere, supporting microbial life and the 12 formation of sulphide ore deposits. The mechanisms responsible for metal mobilisation during the 13 evolution of the oceanic crust are complex and are neither fully constrained nor quantified. Investigations 14 into the mineral reactions that release metals, such as sulphide leaching, would generate better 15 understanding of the controls on metal mobility in the oceanic crust. We investigate the sulphide and 16 oxide mineral paragenesis and the extent to which these minerals control the metal budget in samples from 17 Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 1256D. The ODP Hole 1256D drill core provides a unique sample 18 suite representative of a complete section of a fast-spreading oceanic crust from the volcanic section down 19 to the plutonic complex. The sulphide population at Hole 1256D is divided into five groups based on 20 mineralogical assemblage, lithological location and texture: the magmatic, metasomatised, high 21 temperature hydrothermal, low temperature and patchy sulphides. The initiation of hydrothermal alteration 22
Back to random topology

In 2004 I de ned and put on line a simple PSO with random topology. More precisely the communication topology (infonetwork) was randomly modi ed after an iteration if there had been no improvement of the global best. However, although the C code is freely available from now several years, and although it has been published in 2005 in my book [2] with some explanations (and in 2006 in the English translation [3]), it appears that some people not understood well the method that is used. Hence this short paper, in which I simply explain how I found it, starting from my rst bad idea to a more e ective one.
A Turkish Wikipedia Text Summarization System for Mobile Devices

Today Wikipedia provides a very large and reliable domain-independent encyclopedic repository. With this study a mobile system which summarizes Turkish Wikipedia text is presented. The presented system selects the sentences due to structural features of Turkish language and semantic features of the sentences. The performance evaluation is made based on judgments of human experts. The results are tested due to precision and recall values of a ranked sentence list and it is concluded that, the summarization results are promising.
Boron and nitrogen codoping effect on transport properties of carbon nanotubes

This paper reports a theoretical study of the effect of boron and nitrogen codoping on the transport properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at the mesoscopic scale. A new tight-binding parametrization has been set up, based on density functional theory calculations, that enables a reliable description of the electronic structure of realistic BN-doped CNTs. With this model, we have carried out a deep analysis of the electronic mean free path (MFP) exhibited by these nanostructures. The MFP is highly sensitive to the geometry of the scattering centers. We report that the relative distance between B and N atoms in the network influences drastically the electronic conduction. Moreover, we point out that the scattering induced by small hexagonal BN domains in the carbon network is less important than the BN-pair case.
Effect of Speaker and Sampling Rate on Mos-X Ratings of Concatenative TTS Voices

The MOS-X is a recently-developed questionnaire used to evaluate the quality of artificial speech. In this experiment, participants listened to audio files produced by concatenative text-to-speech voices for the purpose of assessing the effect of Speaker and Sampling Rate on MOS-X ratings. The concatenative voices were developed from recordings of three different human speakers (code named AF, AM, and B) and produced using two different sampling rates (8 kHz and 22 kHz). Six independent groups of raters participated, one group for each combination of speaker and sampling rate. Analyses of variance indicated a significant main effect of Voice, but no significant main effect of Sampling Rate and no significant Voice by Sampling Rate interaction. The results indicate that independent groups of raters are sensitive to speaker differences in concatenative text-to-speech (TTS) voices, but not to differences in these sampling rates.
Complete chloroplast genome sequence and structural analysis of the medicinal plant Lycium chinense Mill

Lycium chinense Mill, an important Chinese herbal medicine, is emphasized as a healthy food and is widely used as a dietary supplement. Here we sequenced and analyzed the complete chloroplast (CP) genome of the L. chinense, which is 155,756 bp in length and with 37.8% GC content. This CP genome consists of a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRa and IRb) of 25,476 bp, separated by a large single-copy region (LSC) and a small single-copy region (SSC), with length of 86,595 and 18,209 bp, respectively. Annotation results revealed that the L. chinense CP genome contains 114 genes, 16 of which are duplicated genes. Most of the 85 protein-coding genes have a usual ATG start codon, except for 3 genes including rps12, psbL and ndhD. Furthermore, most of the simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are short polyadenine or polythymine repeats that contribute to the high AT content of the chloroplast genome. Revealing of the complete sequences and annotation of the L. chinense chloroplast genome will facilitate phylogenic, population and genetic engineering research investigations involving this particular species.
Access to Medicines and European Market Integration

In this paper we document a process of price convergence in the European market for pharmaceuticals and relate it to access to innovative medicines in individual countries. The EU is a peculiar case study, where free circulation of goods exists, but pricing policies are designed and implemented by Member States. Thanks to a unique census database on product sales and launches for Â…fifteen EU countries, we detect a process of price convergence, both in nominal and in real terms. Therefore, we Â…nd that a faster rate of price convergence and a lower income per capita are associated with stronger delays in launches of new medicines. Moreover, country delays tend to be higher for innovative and Â…first in class chemical compounds. Our results suggest that inefficiencies arise from drugs regulation, when countries widely differ in income per capita, public Â…finance sustainability conditions, and regulatory frameworks. Policies of external reference pricing tend to exacerbate welfare losses. A policy of differential pricing is suggested, in order to take into account both therapeutic value and willingness to pay.
Calcium Chelation of Lignin from Pulping Spent Liquor for Water-Resistant Slow-Release Urea Fertilizer Systems

Slow-release fertilizers represent a possible large-scale application for plant polymers. Here we show a facile way to stabilize urea in fertilizer systems by lignin. Chelation of kraft black liquor with calcium acetate at pH 13 precipitated lignin as a calcium complex (Ca-lignin), which offered beneficial effects if compared to those from lignin obtained by precipitation at low pH (Acid-lignin). The reduced affinity of water to Ca-lignin was exploited in the formulation of slow-release fertilizers comprising wheat straw sections impregnated with Ca-lignin in molten urea. Compared to the case of Acid-lignin, immersion in water was slowed down more extensively by Ca-lignin. After 24 h incubation at low moisture conditions, the highest proportion of urea retained in the Ca-lignin/straw fertilizer system was 58%. The water resistance of Ca-lignin was explained by a lower aqueous solubility that differed from the typical pH-dependent solubility of Acid-lignin. Electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and a.
FOREGROUND OBJECT EXTRACTION USING FUZZY C MEANS WITH BIT-PLANE SLICING AND OPTICAL FLOW

This paper address the problem of extracting the foreground objects.We proposed a novel technique for foreground object extraction using Fuzzy-c-means with Bit-plane slicing and optical flow. Modeling the background is a challenging task in foreground extraction. Before modeling the adaptive background image, the image is processed by Lab color model and Bit-plane slicing. Then the frame is modeled as a background using Fuzzy C - means algorithm with threshold.The foreground is extracted based on this model. The background model is updated at regular intervals of time. At last, the optical flow is applied to the foreground extracted image to eliminate the errors caused due to the movement of background object such as tree leaves, etc. The videos are taken from the weizmann dataset and examined for this method. This method yields better results than the previous algorithms with respect to memory consumption and quality of the extracted image.
Bayesian estimation for the Kumaraswamy-inverse Rayleigh distribution based on progressive first failure censored samples

This paper considers Bayesian estimation of parameter and reliability function of Kumaraswamy-inverse Rayleigh distribution under the different loss functions with progressively first failure censored samples. We used squared error , minimum expected, weighted and Linex loss functions for obtaining the Bayes estimators of parameter and reliability function. Finally, Comparisons are made between Bayes estimators under different loss functions using simulation study. Keywords: Kumaraswamy-inverse Rayleigh distribution, Progressive first failure censoring, Bayesian estimation, reliability function.
SELECTING COTTON BALES BY SPINNING CONSISTENCY INDEX AND MICRONAIRE USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS

Abstract This paper presents a method of selecting cotton bales to meet the specified ring yarn properties using artificial neural networks. Five yarn properties and yarn count were used as inputs, whereas the Spinning Consistency Index (SCI) and micronaire were the outputs to the neural network models. Bales were selected according to the predicted combinations of SCI and micronaire. The properties of yarns spun from selected bales show good association with the target yarn properties.
POTENTIAL FOR INTRINSIC BIODEGRADATION OF METHYL TERT-BUTYL ETHER (MTBE) IN THE UNCONFINED AQUIFER UNDERLYING THE DOVER NATIONAL TEST SITE, DOVER AIR FORCE BASE, DE

The potential for natural attenuation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) was investigated in laboratory microcosms constructed with aquifer sediment collected from contaminated and uncontaminated zones of the unconfined aquifer underlying the Dover National Test Site (DNTS), Dover Air Force Base, DE. Uncontaminated groundwater collected from an area outside of the MTBE plume was spiked with 2.53. 5 mg/L neat MTBE and added to sediments. Microcosms were incubated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions while monitoring the disappearance of MTBE and the concentration of potential electron acceptors (O2, NO3 2- , SO4 2- , and Fe 2+ ) over a 209-235 day incubation period. There was no measurable loss of MTBE detected under any of the incubation conditions tested. Despite evidence of denitrification and iron reduction in anaerobically-incubated microcosms, microbial activity was not associated with MTBE degradation. Phosphate and nitrogen amendments to microcosms were found not to stimulate MTBE degradation. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was also conducted in an attempt to characterize and compare microbial populations indigenous to MTBE-contaminated and MTBE-uncontaminated zones of the aquifer. Unfortunately the DNA extraction protocol used in this study was unsuccessful in isolating enough DNA from sediment. Microcosms results indicate that intrinsic MTBE biodegradation is limited and that natural attenuation may not be a good strategy for remediating this aquifer.
Dyadic Green’s Function of a Conical Cavity With Impedance Spherical Cap

This paper presents the dyadic Green’s function (DGF) of a conical cavity with impedance spherical cap, which is derived using the eigenfunction expansion method and the method of scattering superposition. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-field inside the conical cavity from an arbitrarily oriented infinitesimal dipole and a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda /2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dipole antenna is obtained numerically by making use of the developed DGF. Then, the DGF results are compared with those obtained by CST microwave studio commercial software, which is in a good agreement. The effect of surface impedance value on the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-field is also investigated.
Learning Targets for Building Cooperation Awareness in Ensemble Learning

For an ensemble learning system by a set of individual learning models, not only should each individual model be able to learn well the data, but also be aware of what other individuals have learned. With such awareness, each individual would be able to adjust its own learning so that all the individuals could cooperatively and efficiently solve the whole data better. In this paper, all the individual learners are trained simultaneously by a modified negative correlation learning with opposition learning. The idea is that some individuals might choose to learn to be more different to other individuals on some data points once the whole ensemble have well learned these data points. Experimental results have been presented to show how such opposition learning could build awareness among individual learners so that they could be helpful in designing a robust ensemble learning system.
The comparison of the Russian and the Czech populations of Rhynchosporium secalis ( Oud . ) J . J . Davis in morphological characteristics and isozymes markers

Barley is the most important culture in the most regions of the world. It is the base of animal feeding and the raw material for bear production. The main factors which limited the quantity and quality of barley yield are diseases. The most widely distributed and harmful diseases of barley in the whole barley cultivation areas are leaf scald caused by Rhynchosporium secalis (Oudem.) J.J.Davis. Yield losses on the susceptible cultivars may reach nearly 40% under epidemic conditions. In the last few years, severe epidemics have occurred especially in the northern and central areas of Europe after a more intensive cultivation of barley and the widespread usage of foreign cultivars that are not adapted to the local scald population. The main difficulty in the genetic control of scald is variability of pathogen populations. The R.secalis population from each of the barley producing areas in the world comprises several unique races that differ in their ability to attack different barley cultivars. The aim of our research was to study and to comparison of the Russian and the Czech populations of Rhynchosporium secalis using morphological (colony colors), biochemical (α– esterase, β-esterase, superoxidedismutase, aspartataminotransferase) markers. In total 46 (one isolate from one scald lesion) isolates from Russia and 127 ones from five sampling sites of the Czech Republic were studied. Single-spore cultures were divided on color into 5 groups (from black to beige color). The majority of the single-spore cultures (89, 8%) kept their color during all period of growth. The most single-spores culture was genetically homogenous on studying sign. Four enzymes of fungus were studied α–esterase, β-esterase, superoxidedismutase (SOD), aspartataminotransferase (AAT) by using vertical slab polyacrylamide gel electophoresis. A minimum of three replicates, were examined for each isolate. All investigated enzymes of R.secalis were polymorphic. A total of nine patterns SOD, fifteen α–esterase, three -β-esterase and two AAT were obtained. Almost every studied site had the certain major type of polymorphism on esterases and SOD. Unique patterns were identified in Russia and in the Czech Republic.
Electron dynamics in the core-excited CS2 molecule revealed through resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectroscopy

We present an experimental and theoretical study of resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) in the CS2 molecule near the S 1s edge. We show that localization of the S 1s core-hole occurs in CS2 during the RIXS process due to the orientational dephasing of interference between the waves scattering on the two sulfur atoms. Strong evolution of the RIXS profile with the excitation energy far below the first absorption resonance reflects the onset of electron dynamics triggered by a coherent excitation of multiple electronic states.
The Characterization of Fusidic Acid-selected fusA Mutants of faiR Deletion Mutants of Staphylococcus aureus

This project analyzed a gene (faiR) in Staphylococcus aureus, which is thought to be a regulator within an efflux pump operon that had been previously found in the laboratory. The characterization focused primarily on fusidic acid resistance expression. Initially fusidic acid–resistant mutants were selected from both a parent strain and a mutant missing faiR culture that had the gene of interest inactivated. The data suggests that faiR and perhaps the faiRAB operon, has no impact on fusidic acid resistance expression. Furthermore, screening for the effects of faiR deletion on susceptibility to other antibiotics demonstrated that this gene and possibly the faiRAB operon do not play a role in intrinsic antimicrobial resistance in S. aureus.
Leptin enhances ovulation and attenuates the effects produced by food restriction

The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of chronic feed deprivation on the ovulatory process, and to assess whether leptin administration is able to alter these effects. Prepuberal rats subjected to food restriction and primed with gonadotrophins were used. Body and ovarian weights were significantly decreased in proportion to the severity of the food restriction. Only the most severe feed deprivation was able to inhibit the ovulation rate. Either buffer or leptin was daily administrated to prepuberal rats fed either ad libitum or with a severe food r lated b ersed by c estriction a ponse to a s landins and n nted these n ©
Changing transport processes in the stratosphere by radiative heating of sulfate aerosols

Abstract. The injection of sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the stratosphere to form an artificial stratospheric aerosol layer is discussed as an option for solar radiation management. Sulfate aerosol scatters solar radiation and absorbs infrared radiation, which warms the stratospheric sulfur layer. Simulations with the general circulation model ECHAM5-HAM, including aerosol microphysics, show consequences of this warming, including changes of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the tropics. The QBO slows down after an injection of 4 Tg(S) yr−1 and completely shuts down after an injection of 8 Tg(S) yr−1. Transport of species in the tropics and sub-tropics depends on the phase of the QBO. Consequently, the heated aerosol layer not only impacts the oscillation of the QBO but also the meridional transport of the sulfate aerosols. The stronger the injection, the stronger the heating and the simulated impact on the QBO and equatorial wind systems. With increasing injection rate the velocity of the equatorial jet streams increases, and the less sulfate is transported out of the tropics. This reduces the global distribution of sulfate and decreases the radiative forcing efficiency of the aerosol layer by 10 to 14 % compared to simulations with low vertical resolution and without generated QBO. Increasing the height of the injection increases the radiative forcing only for injection rates below 10 Tg(S) yr−1 (8–18 %), a much smaller value than the 50 % calculated previously. Stronger injection rates at higher levels even result in smaller forcing than the injections at lower levels.
The spin-s homogeneous central spin model: exact spectrum and dynamics

We consider the problem of a central spin with arbitrary spin s that interacts pairwise and uniformly with a bath of N spins with s = 1/2. We present two approaches for determining the exact spectrum of this model, one based on properties of , and the other based on integrability. We also analyze the exact time evolution of a spin coherent state, and compute the time evolution of various quantities of physical interest, including the entanglement entropy, spin polarization and Loschmidt echo.
8033 Effective data sharing method for extreme cartesian undersampling in MRF

Introduction Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) is a new powerful method for fast MR parameter (M0, T1, T2, ∆B) mapping. The parameter maps are obtained by matching the signal evolutions from specific tissues with the calculated signal evolutions based on the MR forward modelling (dictionaries) [1]. This method uses variable density spiral (VDS) trajectory for fast data acquisition through undersampling scheme. However, VDS trajectory is not widely used for clinical settings because its implementation is not robust depending on the stability of MR systems. Therefore, the well-established Cartesian trajectory needs to be considered for the applictions of MRF in the clinical settings. In order to use Cartesian trajectory in MRF, extreme undersampling has to be performed to k-space data for fast data acquisition. This undersampling causes severe aliasing or blurring artifacts on images, so the parameter mapping becomes almost impossible. To resolve this problem, various methods such as compressed sensing (CS) and iterative method have been developed. However, the current CS methods are limited to the reduction factor of up to 5, which is not enough for the extreme undersampling need required in MRF. In this paper, we propose an efficient data sharing method to overcome this problem for extremely undersampled Cartesian trajectory data with reduction factor of up to 21. The results demonstrate that the accurate parameter mapping can be possible even with extreme undersampling in Cartesian trajectory acquisition, which can bring robustness to the implementation of MRF in the current clinical settings.
Embodiment, Cognition and the World Wide Web

Introduction Embodied cognition forms part of an increasingly popular trend in the philosophy of mind and cognitive science which emphasizes the role played by extra-neural and extra-corporeal factors in human cognitive processing (Clark, 2008; Shapiro, 2011). It sits alongside a number of other areas of research, which we can collectively refer to as embodied, embedded, enactive and extended (4E) approaches to cognition. Although subtle differences exist between these approaches, what they have in common is a commitment to the idea that issues of material embodiment and environmental embedding play explanatorily significant roles in our understanding of human cognitive success.
Is young adults ’ excess mortality a universal phenomenon ?

This study aims to test the respective relevance of different theories of adolescence that picture this age as either intrinsically dangerous, or as vulnerable to the socioeconomic context. By studying the evolution of young adults’ excess mortality with the help of mortality models, it becomes clear that this phenomenon is strongly dependant on the historical context. The post-WWII period (women) and the 1930 generation (men) benefited from particular socioeconomic conditions that made the mortality hump disappear. Furthermore, by adapting the Potential Gains in Life Expectancy (PGLE) method that allows to ignore the overall mortality context, it is possible to estimate the loss of life expectancy due uniquely to the hump. PGLE peaked during the early twentieth century, and then decreased, but only to start a dramatic increase in the last years. These results highlight the socioeconomic nature of young adults’ excess mortality and the need to consider this issue in today’s public health agendas.