Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electric Power Distribution Maintenance Crews Routing for Fault Location: Time to Bite the Road-Network Disruptions Bullet

The power distribution system is the most critical, among the power systems, in delivering electricity. Consequently, faults that occur in most cases due to the weather, can cause diverse socio-economic impacts. Hence, considering fault location, the lion’s share of the literature addresses maintenance crews patrol routing by merely regarding the power distribution system faults, despite possibly blocked roads or devices accessibility be affected by the weather as well. To properly optimize power distribution system crews inspection routing, the blocked roads must be avoided and the optimization must be conducted to reachable devices. This process is initiated by filtering the blocked roads from the road-network, then a genetic algorithm based on permutation operators is employed on the suitably coded solutions. Furthermore, it was proposed a test case, for the optimization procedure, with a road-network, where the blocked roads were gradually included, and a power distribution system. The resulting solutions showed optimized inspection routes that deviate from blocked roads and skipped from unreachable devices, which is a possible consequence of road-network disruptions. In this manner, they may impact on power distribution maintenance crews routing. Therefore, the suggested methodology proved suitable for a maintenance crew routing under road-network blockage.
Effect of refractive index of packaging materials on the light extraction efficiency of COB-LEDs with millilens array.

Lens arrays are introduced to diminish the total internal reflection (TIR) that happens at chip-encapsulant and encapsulant-air interfaces of chip-on-board light-emitting diodes (COB-LEDs), so as to improve the light extraction efficiency (LEE) of the COB-LEDs. However, the LEE of COB-LEDs with lens array depends on the refractive index of the encapsulant layer nencap and lens array nlens, which was rarely concerned so far. Optical simulations based on a Monte Carlo ray tracing method, and experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of nencap and nlens on the LEE of COB-LEDs with millilens array. The simulated results show that the TIR at chip-encapsulant, encapsulant-lens, and lens-air interfaces can be significantly diminished by regulating the nencap and nlens, and the LEE of COB-LEDs decreases as the refractive difference of encapsulant layer and lens array |nlens-nencap| increases. Compared to the COB-LEDs with only a flat encapsulant layer, the LEEs of blue and white COB-LEDs with nlens=nencap=nITO=2 are enhanced by 246.2% and 50.6%, where nITO is the refractive index of the top layer of the conventional LED chip. The experimental results agree well with the simulated results with normalized LEE deviation within 7.3%.
Ecological drivers of Odonata beta diversity in arid and semi‐arid regions of the Central Plateau of Iran

Freshwater habitats are among the most threatened and least studied habitats in arid regions of Iran. Discovering factors responsible for the spatial variation of biodiversity are one of the main considerations in conservation biology. As a first step towards developing conservation strategies, we aimed to investigate the beta diversity and response of Odonata assemblages to climate and landscape variables in arid and semi‐arid regions of Iran. A total of 120 water bodies were surveyed. The beta diversity distance matrices were calculated for Odonata, Anisoptera, and Zygoptera, using the Jaccard dissimilarity coefficient. Also, the replacement and richness difference components of Odonata beta diversity were computed. Each of the five dissimilarity matrices was modelled by generalised dissimilarity modelling (GDM). We recorded 58 species of Odonata that represent 58% of the Odonata species in Iran. The average total beta diversity was high (0.873). GDMs results showed that the most influential variables varied between the replacement and richness difference components of Odonata beta diversity as well as between the two Odonata suborders. Anisoptera were most strongly affected by the temperature annual range, while the most important variable for Zygoptera was the average wind speed in April. Our results suggest that the studies of the drivers of biodiversity patterns benefit from beta diversity partitioning also from comparing species groups with different ecological preferences. The high biodiversity of the studied water bodies as well as the anthropogenic and climate threats that they are faced with, make these ecosystems a conservation priority.
Metaheuristic Search for Optimum Cost-Benefit Resilience Level by Redundancy Adding

Modern systems have become increasingly more complex, and their analysis becomes significantly more complex. Many practical aspects of complex network tools have mainly been applied to critical infrastructure, in particular, to study power systems’ resilience. Blackout prevention, system resilience, and restoration consider the ability of the system’s self-healing. The self-healing strategies depend, basically, on the existence of extra lines to re-route energy. Some studies suggested that there is an optimum cost-benefit point when adding power lines redundancies to a system considering the systems’ resilience. One method to solve this optimisation problem is the use of a metaheuristic algorithm. These algorithms combine exploration and exploitation on the search for a solution. In this paper, a Chu-Beasley genetic algorithm is used to search for the optimum cost-benefit level of redundancy in a system. The system used is from the Repository of Distribution Systems (REDS), and the function used to evaluate the resilience considers an efficiency coefficient so that the resilience by cost curve would have a maximum point. This experiment is executed as a topological analysis. The expected results were obtained using estimated curves from Monte-Carlo simulations for a wide range of combination of parameters. The results from three different parameters of efficiency coefficient were compared to the expected values obtained. The results show that there is a best costbenefit level of redundancy when an efficiency level is determinate. Also, the GA used has excellent performance for finding this point.
A Stochastic Parameterization of Organized Tropical Convection Using Cellular Automata for Global Forecasts in NOAA's Unified Forecast System

In the atmosphere, convection can organize from smaller scale updrafts into more coherent structures on various scales. In bulk‐plume cumulus convection parameterizations, this type of organization has to be represented in terms of how the resolved flow would “feel” convection if more coherent structures were present on the subgrid. This type of subgrid organization acts as building blocks for larger scale tropical convective organization known to modulate local and remote weather. In this work a parameterization for subgrid (and cross‐grid) organization in a bulk‐plume convection scheme is proposed using the stochastic, self‐organizing, properties of cellular automata (CA). We investigate the effects of using a CA which can interact with three different components of the bulk‐plume scheme that modulate convective activity: entrainment, triggering, and closure. The impacts of the revised schemes are studied in terms of the model's ability to organize convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs). The differing impacts of adopting the stochastic CA scheme, as compared to the widely used Stochastically Perturbed Physics Tendency (SPPT) scheme, are also assessed. Results show that with the CA scheme, precipitation is more spatially and temporally organized, and there is a systematic shift in equatorial wave phase speed not seen with SPPT. Previous studies have noted a linear relationship between Gross Moist Stability (GMS) and Kelvin wave phase speed. Analysis of GMS in this study shows an increase in Kelvin wave phase speed and an increase in GMS with the CA scheme, which is tied to a shift from large‐scale precipitation to convective precipitation.
Predictive learn and apply: MAVIS application - apply

The Learn and Apply tomographic reconstructor coupled with the pseudo open-loop control scheme shows promising results in simulation for multi-conjugate adaptive optics systems. We motivate, derive, and demonstrate the inclusion of a predictive step in the Learn and Apply tomographic reconstructor based on frozen-flow turbulence assumption. The addition of this predictive step provides an additional gain in performance, especially at larger wave-front sensor exposure periods, with no increase of online computational burden. We provide results using end-to-end numerical simulations for a multi-conjugate adaptive optics system for an 8m telescope based on the MAVIS system design.
Success factors in Capsim’s Capstone simulation: An empirical examination

Abstract The Capstone business strategy simulation has been used in business schools throughout the world. Scholars have investigated the impact of Capstone and other simulations on student learning, but there are no published studies that investigate factors associated with success. This study examines the performance of 7,347 participants using Capstone in 2019. Results suggest an optimal team size of four students. Overall, teams performed better in the competition mode than in the footrace mode, and better in official rounds than in practice rounds. Completion of training modules was associated with improved team performance in some but not all instances.
Endogenous Peer Group Effects on Adolescents’ Crime Reporting Intentions

Abstract This paper provides an empirical analysis of the determinants of adolescents’ crime reporting intentions with particular emphasis on the role of social interactions. The empirical strategy extends the discrete choice random utility model to allow preferences to be defined over the expected actions of an individual’s peer group defined by his or her class at school. In this context, students choose whether to report instances of bullying, property theft, or academic cheating they may witness at or around school. Both endogenous and exogenous peer group effects on adolescents’ crime reporting intentions are identified and estimated using a 1620-student dataset. Results lend support to the hypothesis that social interactions play a significant role in shaping adolescents’ decisions to report wrongdoing they may witness. These group influences can strengthen, or temper school policies aimed at encouraging students to take a more active role in reducing school or community crime.
Green Vegetation Cover Has Steadily Increased since Establishment of Community Forests in Western Chitwan, Nepal

Community forests have been established worldwide to sustainably manage forest ecosystem services while maintaining the livelihoods of local residents. The Chitwan National Park in Nepal is a world-renowned biodiversity hotspot, where community forests were consolidated in the park’s buffer zone after 1993. These western Chitwan community forests stand as the frontiers of human–environment interactions, nurturing endangered large mammal species while providing significant natural resources for local residents. Nevertheless, no systematic forest cover assessment has been conducted for these forests since their establishment. In this study, we examined the green vegetation dynamics of these community forests for the years 1988–2018 using Landsat surface reflectance products. Combining an automatic water extraction index, spectral mixture analysis and the normalized difference fraction index (NDFI), we developed water masks and quantified the water-adjusted green vegetation fractions and NDFI values in the forests. Results showed that all forests have been continuously greening up since their establishment, and the average green vegetation cover of all forests increased from approximately 30% in 1988 to above 70% in 2018. With possible contributions from the invasion of exotic understory plant species, we credit community forestry programs for some of the green-up signals. Monitoring of forest vegetation dynamics is critical for evaluating the effectiveness of community forestry as well as developing sustainable forest management policies. Our research will provide positive feedbacks to local community forest committees and users.
Anodic voltammetry of codeine and dihydrocodeine at rotating disc electrodes of platinum and gold

Of the analgesics examined, phenylbutazone and oxyphenylbutazone showed neither anodic nor cathodic activity, while codeine is oxidised by a single four-electron step and dihydrocodeine by a six-electron step to the same products. Electrode kinetic parameters have been evaluated, and the reaction mechanisms elucidated. Determination of codeine and dihydrocodeine by anodic voltammetry is simple and rapid, and gives relative standard deviations of 2–3%, and is free from interference from adsorption on the electrodes in 0.1 mol l–1 sulphuric acid. The influence of pH in the range 0–11.5 has been examined.
Arab networking and relationship marketing: Is there a need for both?

Purpose This study aims to examine the Arab practice of wasta (personal networks) and its potential interface with relationship marketing to enable firms to optimize their recruitment and retention of customers in societies where personal ties drive business relationships. It explores whether relationship marketing influences customer retention when a personal contact leaves. Design/methodology/approach Empirical data were gathered from 305 customers introduced to Egyptian small and medium-sized enterprises via wasta. Multiple-item scales were adopted, drawn from previous empirical studies. Quantitative analysis was used, including confirmatory factor analysis. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized relationships posited. Findings Wasta plays a significant role in attracting customers, nurturing early relationships and enhancing relationship quality, but does not influence the retention of customers. Practicing relationship marketing post wasta can enhance customer loyalty, even if the business was developed through the wasta contact who left to join a rival firm. Research limitations/implications Potential limitations arise from cultural differences in other Middle Eastern countries. Future studies could also validate the results in different sectors/industries and explore managers and employees’ perspectives. Practical implications Several recommendations emerge for managerial practitioners, including the use of wasta to attract business, but more significantly, the need for the effective use of relationship marketing to retain business. The study suggests that if relationship marketing is practiced well, customers are likely to remain loyal to the firm, even if the business was developed through a personal wasta relationship with an employee who subsequently moved to a competitor firm. Originality/value This study is the first to develop a unified model connecting the Eastern notion of wasta (personal ties) with relationship marketing. The study enhances the knowledge of wasta and relationship marketing. It is among the first to suggest that should employees with personal connections to customers leave to join a competing firm, there is still a strong likelihood that if relationship marketing is effectively practiced, then customers will remain loyal to the firm (rather than to the former employee).
Maternal education, home environment and chinese primary school children’s academic performance: Longitudinal follow-up results

This paper reports a follow up analysis of longitudinal date. We (1) examined urban Chinese mothers’ occupations as a function of their educational levels, (2) tested mediating effects of home environment variables after fine-tuning key variables of maternal education and home environment by excluding data that were provided by the children’s fathers, and (3) tested if home environment variables mattered differently for academic performance in the first grade, second grade, and changes the children’s grade. Data on maternal education level (Group 1: No More than Junior High School; Group 2: High School; Group 3: At Least College), maternal occupation and 12 home environment variables were directly obtained from urban mothers in January of 2019 (Time 1; N = 231); data on academic performance were directly obtained from the children’s school in February (Time 1; N = 231) and then in October of 2019 (Time 2; N = 226). We found partial support for our earlier speculation that mothers in Group 1 and Group 2 were similarly positioned on the job market. Similar to our earlier finding, we found that children whose mothers were in Group 3 outperformed their peers in academic performance but children from the first two groups performed similarly. In both times, the link between maternal education and children’s academic performance was mediated by some home environment variables such as number of children’s books at home. However, the role of home environment variables in the link between maternal education and children’s academic performance is complex and may vary with time.
Plant–soil feedback responses of four dryland crop species under greenhouse conditions

Why this research Matters Plant–soil feedbacks (PSFs) give a mechanistic understanding on how soil properties established by previous plant species go on to influence the performance of the same or different species in monoculture, intercropping or crop rotation systems. We hypothesized that different dryland crops such as Zea mays L. , Helianthus annuus L. , Phaseolus vulgaris L. , and Glycine max L. (Merr.) will have soil legacies that are related to the crop type. We used a two‐phase experiment to test plant performance in soils previously cultivated with the same or different plant species under greenhouse conditions. The positive plant growth for all species in their own soil microbiota suggests that mutualists had a greater impact on plant performance than pathogens. The consistent positive soil–feedback results of P. vulgaris were strongly associated with their own beneficial soil microbiota, meaning that the conditioning phase legacy of mutualists and decomposers were more significant than pathogens under monoculture. Despite successful nodulation in sterilized and inoculated soils, G. max unexpectedly showed neutral and insignificant positive plant feedbacks, respectively. Helianthus annuus was superior to other crop species in creating active carbon stocks and an enzymatically active soil for the next crop. Microbial biomass results suggest that raising fungal relative to bacterial biomass can be achieved by increasing the frequency of H. annuus in rotation sequences. However, more studies are necessary to evaluate whether these elevated ratios promote or depress plant performance under field conditions. This study showed that relative to other dryland crops, H. annuus seems to have the potential of increasing fungal to bacterial ratios, raising legacies in active carbon stocks and soil microbial activity that may be crucial to successional planting in dryland systems.
Calibration of a Triaxial, Consumer-grade Magnetometer via an Extended Two-step Methodology

Humans have always had the necessity of estimating their location in space for various reasons, e.g. hunting, traveling, sailing, battling, etc. Today, many other areas also demand that information, such as aviation, agriculture, multiple smartphone applications, law enforcement, and even film industry, to mention but a few. Estimating position and orientation is known as navigation, and the means to achieve it are called navigation systems. Each approach has its pros and cons, but sometimes it is possible to combine them into an improved architecture. For instance, inertial sensors (i.e. accelerometers and gyroscopes) can be integrated with magnetometers, producing an Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS); this process is referred to as sensor fusion. However, before sensors can be used to produce the navigation solution, calibration is often necessary, especially for low-cost devices. In this study,we perform the calibration of a triaxial consumer-grade magnetometer via an extended two-step methodology, correct small mistakes present in the original paper, and evaluate the technique in a restricted motion scenario. This technique can be implemented in-field, simply by rotating the sensors to multiple orientations; the only external information necessary is the local Earth's magnetic field density, easily estimated through reliable models. The error parameters, i.e. biases, scale factors, and misalignments, are indirectly estimated via a least squares algorithm. The calibration is first performed through software simulation, followed by hardware implementation to validate the results.
GROWTH AND CONVERGENCE THROUGH TECHNOLOGICAL INTERDEPENDENCE

This paper presents a multi-country version of the Ramsey growth model with cross-country technological interdependence. The results rationalize several stylized facts about growth and convergence. First, individual countries tend to converge toward country-specific balanced growth paths rather than steady-state equilibria. Second, an economy that accounts for a smaller share of the world technology distribution harnesses the “advantages of backwardness” to catch up at a faster speed. Third, countries grow at different rates during the phase of transitional dynamics. However, technological interdependence creates a force toward cross-country convergence in the growth rate and stability of world income distribution in the long run. Finally, cross-country differences in structural characteristics and initial conditions lead to divergences in the level of income per capita.
Facile Fabrication of Nylon66/Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes/Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofiber Bundles for Use as Humidity Sensors

Abstract Currently used humidity sensors have a large size which seriously hinders their applications in many special fields. Therefore, a facile way for fabricating miniaturized humidity sensors is desired. In this work a high-performance, nanofiber bundle sensor (NfBS) was fabricated through immersing nylon66 (PA66)/multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanofiber bundles into a polyvinyl alcohol solution. In the PA66/MWCNTs nanofiber bundles the MWCNTs were absorbed on the surfaces of the PA66 nanofibers. The NfBS exhibited a wide range of 11–85% relative humidity (RH) sensitivity with a fast response-recovery time as well as small hysteresis and good repeatability, but had an extremely small size (about 0.1 mm in diameter and 2 mm in length) due to the unique advantages of nanofiber bundles. In addition, the NfBS showed good performance in monitoring human breath. The results in this study provide a promising opportunity and a good method for manufacturing mini-humidity sensors with smaller sizes for electronic products.
Contributions of World Regions to the Global Tropospheric Ozone Burden Change From 1980 to 2010

We investigate the contributions of emission changes from 10 world regions, as well as the global methane concentration change, on the global tropospheric ozone burden change from 1980 to 2010. The modeled global tropospheric ozone burden has increased by 28.1 Tg, with 26.7% (7.5 Tg) of this change attributed to the global methane increase. Southeast Asia (5.6 Tg) and South Asia (4.0) contribute comparably to the global ozone burden change as East Asia (5.6), even though NOx emission increases in each region are less than one‐third of those in East Asia, highlighting the greater sensitivity of global ozone to these regions. Emission decreases from North America, Europe, and Former Soviet Union have led to ozone burden decreases of 2.8, 1.0, and 0.3 Tg. The greater sensitivity of the global ozone burden to emission changes in tropical and subtropical regions emphasizes the importance of controlling emissions in these regions for global ozone.