Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ascorbate glutathione-dependent H2O2 scavenging is an important process in axillary bud outgrowth in rosebush.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Branching is an important mechanism of plant shape establishment and the direct consequence of axillary bud outgrowth. Recently, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) metabolism known to be involved in plant growth and development, has been proposed to contribute to axillary bud outgrowth. However, the involvement of H2O2 in this process remains unclear. METHODS We analyzed the content of H2O2 during bud outgrowth and characterized its catabolism, both at the transcriptional level and in terms of its enzymatic activities, using RT-qPCR and spectrophotometric methods, respectively. In addition, we used in-vitro culture to characterize the effects of H2O2 application and GSH synthesis inhibitor on bud outgrowth, in relation to known molecular markers involved in this process. KEY RESULTS Quiescent buds display a high content of H2O2 that declines when bud outgrowth is initiated, as the consequence of an increase in the scavenging activity that is associated with glutathione pathways (ascorbate-glutathione cycle and glutathione biosynthesis); catalase does not appear to be implicated. Modification of bud redox state after the application of H2O2 or BSO (inhibitors of glutathione synthesis) prevents axillary bud outgrowth by repressing organogenesis and newly-formed axis elongation. Hydrogen peroxide also represses bud outgrowth-associated marker gene expression. CONCLUSIONS These results state that high levels of H2O2 in a quiescent state prevents bud outgrowth. Induction of ascorbate-glutathione pathway scavenging activities result in a strong decrease of H2O2 content in buds, which finally allows bud outgrowth.
Acetaminophen bioactivation by human cytochrome P450 enzymes and animal microsomes

Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic antipyretic agent. When used at low doses, it is a safe drug, but at higher doses it can cause acute hepatic necrosis in humans and experimental animals. The key mechanism in the hepatotoxicity is cytochrome P450 (CYP)-catalysed formation of the reactive metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) that is capable of binding to cellular macromolecules and in that way an LC/MS liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method was developed to measure NAPQI formation by trapping it to reduced glutathione. This method was used to determine the bioactivation of acetaminophen at two concentrations: 50 μM therapeutic and 1 mM toxic by using nine human recombinant CYP enzymes: CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4; and with different microsomes from experimental animals. At the toxic concentration the formation of NAPQI–glutathione was highest with CYP3A4 followed by CYP2E1, CYP1A2, and CYP2D6. At the therapeutic concentration, CYP3A4 had also the highest bioactivation capacity. In a comparison of the enzyme kinetics, CYP3A4 was the most efficient CYP with the lowest Km value 130 μM (95% confidence interval = 63–210 μM). Dexamethasone-induced rat liver microsomes had the most effective bioactivation capacity at therapeutic and toxic acetaminophen concentrations. This study suggests that CYP3A4 is the major CYP enzyme form catalysing acetaminophen oxidation to NAPQI in human liver.
Research Progress on the Early Monitoring of Pine Wilt Disease Using Hyperspectral Techniques

Pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by pine wood nematode (PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) originated in North America and has since spread to Asia and Europe. PWN is currently a quarantine object in 52 countries. In recent years, pine wilt disease has caused considerable economic losses to the pine forest production industry in China, as it is difficult to control. Thus, one of the key strategies for controlling pine wilt disease is to identify epidemic points as early as possible. The use of hyperspectral cameras mounted on drones is expected to enable PWD monitoring over large areas of forest, and hyperspectral images can reflect different stages of PWD. The trend of applying hyperspectral techniques to the monitoring of pine wilt disease is analyzed, and the corresponding strategies to address the existing technical problems are proposed, such as data collection of early warning stages, needs of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and establishment of models after preprocessing.
Etiologic heterogeneity of clear‐cell and papillary renal cell carcinoma in the Netherlands Cohort Study

At present, mostly case‐control and retrospective studies have investigated the association between etiologic risk factors and the development of histologic subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Therefore, we assessed the heterogeneity between body mass index (BMI), cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and hypertension across clear‐cell RCC (ccRCC) and papillary RCC (pRCC) risk in the prospective Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer. In 1986, 120 852 participants aged 55 to 69 completed a self‐administered questionnaire on diet and other risk factors for cancer. Participants were followed up for cancer through record linkage. Tumor histology was assessed through centralized revision by two experienced uropathologists. After 20.3 years of follow‐up, 384 histologically verified RCC cases, including 315 ccRCC and 46 pRCC cases and 4144 subcohort members were eligible for case‐cohort analysis. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by multivariable‐adjusted proportional hazards models. Overall, BMI was associated positively with ccRCC risk, but inversely with pRCC risk. Cigarette smoking was associated with an increased ccRCC, but a decreased pRCC risk. Alcohol consumption was inversely associated with both ccRCC and pRCC risk. Hypertension was associated with an increased risk of both ccRCC and pRCC. Statistically significant etiologic heterogeneity was observed for BMI, BMI change since age 20, and smoking duration in current smokers across ccRCC and pRCC risk. In conclusion, we observed potential heterogeneity for BMI, BMI change and smoking duration across ccRCC and pRCC risk.
Social determinants of health and inequalities in COVID-19

The European Journal of Public Health, Vol. 30, No. 4, 617–618 The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckaa095 Advance Access published on 8 July 2020 . Social determinants of health and inequalities in COVID-19
Compensate for or Minimize Matrix Effects? Strategies for Overcoming Matrix Effects in Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Technique: A Tutorial Review

In recent decades, mass spectrometry techniques, particularly when combined with separation methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography, have become increasingly important in pharmaceutical, bio-analytical, environmental, and food science applications because they afford high selectivity and sensitivity. However, mass spectrometry has limitations due to the matrix effects (ME), which can be particularly marked in complex mixes, when the analyte co-elutes together with other molecules, altering analysis results quantitatively. This may be detrimental during method validation, negatively affecting reproducibility, linearity, selectivity, accuracy, and sensitivity. Starting from literature and own experience, this review intends to provide a simple guideline for selecting the best operative conditions to overcome matrix effects in LC-MS techniques, to obtain the best result in the shortest time. The proposed methodology can be of benefit in different sectors, such as pharmaceutical, bio-analytical, environmental, and food sciences. Depending on the required sensitivity, analysts may minimize or compensate for ME. When sensitivity is crucial, analysis must try to minimize ME by adjusting MS parameters, chromatographic conditions, or optimizing clean-up. On the contrary, to compensate for ME analysts should have recourse to calibration approaches depending on the availability of blank matrix. When blank matrices are available, calibration can occur through isotope labeled internal standards and matrix matched calibration standards; conversely, when blank matrices are not available, calibration can be performed through isotope labeled internal standards, background subtraction, or surrogate matrices. In any case, an adjusting of MS parameters, chromatographic conditions, or a clean-up are necessary.
Sensor Signal and Information Processing II

This Special Issue compiles a set of innovative developments on the use of sensor signals and information processing. In particular, these contributions report original studies on a wide variety of sensor signals including wireless communication, machinery, ultrasound, imaging, and internet data, and information processing methodologies such as deep learning, machine learning, compressive sensing, and variational Bayesian. All these devices have one point in common: These algorithms have incorporated some form of computational intelligence as part of their core framework in problem solving. They have the capacity to generalize and discover knowledge for themselves, learning to learn new information whenever unseen data are captured.
The Effect of Different Levels of Altitutes on Composition and Content of Essential Oils of Ziziphora Clinopodioides in Southern of Turkey

The genus Ziziphora L. belongs to the Lamiaceae family and consists of four species ( Ziziphora clinopodioides, Ziziphora capitata, Ziziphora persica and Ziziphora tenuior ). Z. clinopodioides is an edible medicinal plant that its leaves, flowers and stems are frequently used as wild vegetable or additive in foods to offer aroma and flavor. The plant known locally as ‘Kir nanesi’ is used in the preparation of an aromatic tea for gastrointestinal disorders and as a carminative, antiseptic and wound healing material in Turkey. In this study, essential oil content and compositions of three Ziziphora clinopodioides plant were collected from Ermenek (Southern part of Turkey). The altitudes of collected places of plants were varied between 908 m and 1286 m. from sea level. The essential oil content of Z. clinopodioides plants was hydro-distilled by Clevenger apparatus, and they were determined between 0.12% and 0.50%. The highest essential oil content (0.50%) was obtained from 908 m. The composition of essential oils was analyzed by GC/MS.
Actigraphy in sleep research with infants and young children: Current practices and future benefits of standardized reporting

Actigraphy is a cost‐efficient method to estimate sleep–wake patterns over long periods in natural settings. However, the lack of methodological standards in actigraphy research complicates the generalization of outcomes. A rapidly growing methodological diversity is visible in the field, which increasingly necessitates the detailed reporting of methodology. We address this problem and evaluate the current state of the art and recent methodological developments in actigraphy reporting with a special focus on infants and young children. Through a systematic literature search on PubMed (keywords: sleep, actigraphy, child *, preschool, children, infant), we identified 126 recent articles (published since 2012), which were classified and evaluated for reporting of actigraphy. Results show that all studies report on the number of days/nights the actigraph was worn. Reporting was good with respect to device model, placement and sleep diary, whereas reporting was worse for epoch length, algorithm, artefact identification, data loss and definition of variables. In the studies with infants only (n = 58), the majority of articles (62.1%) reported a recording of actigraphy that was continuous across 24 hr. Of these, 23 articles (63.9%) analysed the continuous 24‐hr data and merely a fifth used actigraphy to quantify daytime sleep. In comparison with an evaluation in 2012, we observed small improvements in reporting of actigraphy methodology. We propose stricter adherence to standards in reporting methodology in order to streamline actigraphy research with infants and young children, to improve comparability and to facilitate big data ventures in the sleep community.
Genetic differentiation and secondary contact zone in the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa across the Mediterranean–Atlantic transition region

Aim A central question in evolutionary ecology is the nature of environmental barriers that can limit gene flow and induce population genetic divergence, a first step towards speciation. Here we study the geographical barrier constituted by the transition zone between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, using as our model Cymodocea nodosa, a seagrass distributed throughout the Mediterranean and in the Atlantic, from central Portugal to Mauritania. We also test predictions about the genetic footprints of Pleistocene glaciations.
Bacterial Biosurfactants and their role in heavy metal degradation

Biosurfactants are produced by certain specialized organisms including bacteria fungi and yeast. These microbes produce biosurfactant either secreted or attached to parts of the cell membrane predominantly during growth phase. Microorganisms producing biosurfactants help to amplify the bioavailability of hydrocarbons by enhancing the contact between the pollutants and microorganisms in the presence of the biosurfactant which helps in the accelerated bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated sites. Hence the present study was carried out to know the biosurfact producing potential of two bacterial species (Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and their effect on degrading two metals (zinc and iron). Results show that both the species helped in the reduction of heavy metals zinc and iron. However, among the two B. subtilis appeared to be a better candidate as it recorded a higher conversion rate.
Shedding “LIGHT” on the Link between Bone and Fat in Obese Children and Adolescents

Obesity may affect bone health, but literature reports are contradictory about the correlation of body mass index (BMI) and bone markers. LIGHT, one of the immunostimulatory cytokines regulating the homeostasis of bone and adipose tissue, could be involved in obesity. The study involved 111 obese subjects (12.21 ± 3.71 years) and 45 controls. Patients underwent the evaluation of bone status by quantitative ultrasonography (QUS). LIGHT amounts were evaluated in sera by ELISA, whereas its expression on peripheral blood cells was evaluated by flow cytometry. Osteoclastogenesis was performed by culturing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with or without anti-LIGHT antibodies. Obese patients showed significant high BMI-standard deviation score (SDS), weight-SDS, and Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) that negatively correlated with the reduced Amplitude Dependent Speed of Sound (AD-SoS)-Z-score and Bone Transmission Time (BTT-Z)-score. They displayed significantly higher serum levels of LIGHT compared with controls (497.30 ± 363.45 pg/mL vs. 186.06 ± 101.41 pg/mL, p < 0.001). LIGHT expression on monocytes, CD3+-T-cells, and neutrophils was also higher in obese patients than in the controls. Finally, in PBMC cultures, the addition of anti-LIGHT antibodies induced a significant osteoclastogenesis inhibition. Our study highlighted the high serum levels of LIGHT in obese children and adolescents, and its relationship with both the grade of obesity and bone impairment.
Modulation of Kv3.1/Kv3.2 promotes gamma oscillations by rescuing Aβ‐induced desynchronization of fast‐spiking interneuron firing in an AD mouse model in vitro

Gamma oscillations (30–80 Hz) are important for cognitive functions and depend on the synchronized activity of fast‐spiking interneurons (FSN), which is crucial for network stability. Gamma oscillations are degraded in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients exhibiting cognitive impairment, with the degree of cognitive decline correlating with the severity of gamma disruption in response to neurotoxic amyloid‐beta peptide (Aβ). Small molecule compounds EX15 and RE01 modulate Kv3.1/Kv3.2 potassium channels on FSN, resulting in faster activation kinetics and increased firing frequency, suggesting direct consequences for cognition‐relevant gamma oscillations, particularly in a situation where network activity is pathologically compromised in the presence of neurotoxic Aβ. Using electrophysiological techniques in an in vitro AD model, we found a significant effect of EX15 and RE01 with respect to counteracting toxic Aβ effects on neuronal dynamics, advocating for targeting FSN activity to rescue cognitive performance from impairment caused by neurodegenerative triggers.
Vortioxetine on Cognition in Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND Given the wide implications of cognitive impairment for prognosis and outcome in schizophrenia, the research on pharmacological approaches aimed at addressing dysfunctional cognition has been extensive; nevertheless, there are no currently available licensed drugs, and the evidence in this field is still unimpressive. Vortioxetine is a multimodal antidepressant, which has been proposed as a suitable treatment option for cognitive symptoms in depression. METHODS Twenty schizophrenia outpatients (mean age ± SD, 40.7 ±10.6 years) on stable clozapine treatment, assessed by neuropsychological (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Verbal Fluency, and Stroop task) and psychodiagnostic instruments (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale [PANSS] and Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia), received vortioxetine at the single daily dose of 10 mg/d until week 12; the dose was increased at 20 mg/d afterward, and this dosage was maintained unchanged until week 24. A physical examination, electrocardiogram with QTc measurement, and laboratory tests were also performed. RESULTS Vortioxetine supplementation significantly improved Stroop test (P = 0.013) at week 12 and Stroop test (P = 0.031) and Semantic Fluency (P = 0.002) at end point. Moreover, a significantly reduction of PANSS domains "positive" (P = 0.019) at week 12 and of PANSS domains positive (P = 0.019) and total score (P = 0.041) and of depressive symptoms (Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, P = 0.032) at end point. There was no significant change in clinical, metabolic, and safety parameters, and no subject spontaneously reported adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS Despite the limitations (open design, lack of a control group, small sample size, and short intervention period), our findings suggest for the first time that vortioxetine augmentation of clozapine may be a promising therapeutic strategy for addressing cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia.
EFFICACY OF SOME IGRs FOR THE CONTROL OF PEACH FRUITFLY, BACTROCERA ZONATA (SAUNDERS) (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE)

Peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae), has been recognized as a serious insect pest during the last decade attacking a wide range of fruits in Egypt. The potential of some insect growth regulators, Pyriproxyfen, Methoxyfenozoide and Novaluron to cause fatal hormonal disorders in immature stages, full grown larvae and 1-day old pupae, of B. zonata in sandy soil was studied under laboratory conditions. In addition, morphogenetic activity as larval-adult and pupal-adult intermediates of B. zonata resulting from IGRs treatment was recorded. Results indicated that, LC50 for full grown larvae were 0.96, 11.40 and 64.0 ppm in case of Pyriproxyfen, Novaluron and Methoxyfenozoide, respectively. The LC50 values for 1-day old pupae of B. zonata were 4.50 and 3200 ppm for Pyriproxyfen and Novaluron respectively, while Methoxyfenozoide has no fatal effect on 1-day old pupae of B. zonata. On the other hand, the EC50 values of full grown larvae were 1.31, 16.8 and 550 ppm for Pyriproxyfen, Methoxyfenozoide and Novaluron, respectively. The EC50 values for 1-day pupae were 2.80, 1450 and 5000 ppm, for the same compounds, respectively. The obtained results proved that, Pyriproxyfen is a promising candidate for the control of the peach fruit fly.
Association of a Public Health Campaign About Coronavirus Disease 2019 Promoted by News Media and a Social Influencer With Self-reported Personal Hygiene and Physical Distancing in the Netherlands

Key Points Question Are evidence-based public health campaigns, aiming to contain the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and using digital news media and social media, associated with improvements in personal hygiene? Findings In this survey study of hygiene awareness and behavior in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, exposure to a targeted campaign video and news article was associated with an approximately 2-fold increase in the odds of washing of all required hand areas and longer duration of handwashing. Meaning These findings suggest that evidence-based campaigns using existing digital news and social media platforms may be an effective means to help combat critical health issues, such as the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
Contextualising the link between adolescents' use of digital technology and their mental health: a multi-country study of time spent online and life satisfaction.

BACKGROUND Evidence on whether the amount of time children spend online affects their mental health is mixed. There may be both benefits and risks. Yet, almost all published research on this topic is from high-income countries. This paper presents new findings across four countries of varying wealth. METHODS We analyse data gathered through the Global Kids Online project from nationally representative samples of Internet-using children aged 9 to 17 years in Bulgaria (n = 1,000), Chile (n = 1,000), Ghana (n = 2,060) and the Philippines (n = 1,873). Data was gathered on Internet usage on week and weekend days. Measures of absolute (comparable across countries) and relative (compared to other children within countries) time use were constructed. Mental health was measured by Cantril's ladder (life satisfaction). The analysis also considers the relative explanatory power on variations in mental health of children's relationships with family and friends. Analysis controlled for age, gender and family socioeconomic status. RESULTS In Bulgaria and Chile, higher-frequency Internet use is weakly associated with lower life satisfaction. In Ghana and the Philippines, no such pattern was observed. There was no evidence that the relationship between frequency of Internet use and life satisfaction differed by gender. In all four countries, the quality of children's close relationships showed a much stronger relationship with their life satisfaction than did time spent on the Internet. CONCLUSIONS Time spent on the Internet does not appear to be strongly linked to children's life satisfaction, and results from one country should not be assumed to transfer to another. Improving the quality of children's close relationships offers a more fruitful area for intervention than restricting their time online. Future research could consider a wider range of countries and links between the nature, rather than quantity, of Internet usage and mental health.