Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The ABB Medium Scale Power Transmission Test Case

This report describes a test case intended for control synthesis and analysis of hybrid systems. It is the third test case developed in the EU project in the Control and Computation project (IST-2001-33520). The first two test cases concentrated on the introduction and illustration of the basic driving dynamics and hybrid aspects of the emergency voltage control problem using small test systems. This has enabled various research groups to test their ideas and their applicability in this application domain. These cases exhibit continuous nonlinear dynamics resulting from load recovery dynamics. The discrete dynamics result from tap changer controllers and generation capability limits as well as the switch characteristics of the the emergency control at our disposal. For a review of these phenomena, readers are recommended to review the two reports for the previous test cases Larsson (2002a,b). However, in reality power systems are typically large and consists of many generators, lines and customer load centres. This test case takes a step toward power systems of more realistic size, by combining several components. Compared to the smaller test cases, the dynamics become much richer and it is possible to study also interactions between components in the different areas. The computer implementation of the test system is available as Modelica code as well as SIMULINK SimStruc.
The Economics of Vampires: An Agent-based Perspective

Vampires are a prominent feature of modern culture. Past research identifies the ecological and economic relationship between vampires and living humans under the assumption that 'representative agents' are capable of characterising entire communities. Whether populations of individuals can coordinate themselves sufficiently or not to achieve the same outcomes as the representative agent is not addressed. The purpose of this study is to create a human-vampire ecosystem using artificial social simulation. An agent-based computational model is constructed in which heterogeneous vampire and human individuals engage in one-on-one interaction within a virtual landscape. These interactions result in the emergence of aggregate-level phenomena. Simulating alternative virtual economies under different model calibrations shows under what conditions these emergent phenomena are similar to those produced by the representative agents in previous studies. This article contends that growing human-vampire economies can shed light on an array of social and economic issues even if vampires never existed at all.
Evaluation of Coagulation/floculation Process for Water Treatment Using Defatted Cake from Moringa Oleifera

The Moringa oleifera Lam belongs to Moringaceae family and is native to India and widely cultivated in the tropics all over the world.Their seeds are a good source of oil with an excellent quality and protein that present potential coagulant for water treatment. Studies reported that even after the removal of the oil from the seed, the defatted cake keeps its coagulant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Moringa seed as coagulant in the treatment of surface water, after the removal of its oil. Saline coagulants were prepared in concentrations range of 3.45 - 75.8 mg / L, using seed (unprocessed) and defatted cake using mechanical and chemical extraction process with the solvents hexane and ethanol. The different coagulants were evaluated in the Jar test to verify their power to treat water with low turbidity. The results showed that both the defatted coagulants and the integral coagulant (unprocessed seeds) obtained similar results in the removal of approximately 83%, 90% and 69% for color, turbidity and UV254nm, respectively. However, the defatted coagulants (hexane and mechanical) that presented the low lipids content showed better results in the removal of dissolved organic carbon present in the raw water. The high efficiency in water treatment and decreased concentration in organic matter in the water, open new perspectives in the use of defatted coagulant of Moringa oleifera as a natural coagulant for the treatment of supply water. In addition, it is possible to extract oil from Moringa oleifera seeds that have several applications and use the defatted cake in the water treatment process without losing its ability to coagulate.
Implementation and Comparison of High-Resolution Spatial Discretization Schemes for Solving Two-Fluid Seven-Equation Two-Pressure Model

As compared to the two-fluid single-pressure model, the two-fluid seven-equation two-pressure model has been proved to be unconditionally well-posed in all situations, thus existing with a wide range of industrial applications. The classical 1st-order upwind scheme is widely used in existing nuclear system analysis codes such as RELAP5, CATHARE, and TRACE. However, the 1st-order upwind scheme possesses issues of serious numerical diffusion and high truncation error, thus giving rise to the challenge of accurately modeling many nuclear thermal-hydraulics problems such as long term transients. In this paper, a semi-implicit algorithm based on the finite volume method with staggered grids is developed to solve such advanced well-posed two-pressure model. To overcome the challenge from 1st-order upwind scheme, eight high-resolution total variation diminishing (TVD) schemes are implemented in such algorithm to improve spatial accuracy. Then the semi-implicit algorithm with high-resolution TVD schemes is validated on the water faucet test. The numerical results show that the high-resolution semi-implicit algorithm is robust in solving the two-pressure two-fluid two-phase flow model; Superbee scheme and Koren scheme give two highest levels of accuracy while Minmod scheme is the worst one among the eight TVD schemes.
Combined deep sampling and mass-based approaches to assess soil carbon andnitrogen losses due to land-use changes in karst area of southwestern China

Abstract. The conversion of natural vegetation to human-managed ecosystems, especially the agricultural systems, may decrease soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) stocks. The objective of present study was to assess SOC and TN stocks losses by combining deep sampling with mass-based calculations upon land-use changes in a typical karst area of southwestern China. We quantified the changes from native forest to grassland, secondary shrub, eucalyptus plantation, sugarcane and corn fields (both defined as croplands), on the SOC and TN stocks down to 100 cm depth using fixed-depth (FD) and equivalent soil mass (ESM) approaches. The results showed that converting forest to cropland and other types significantly led to SOC and TN losses, but the extent depended on both sampling depths and calculation methods selected (i.e., FD or ESM). On average, the shifting from native forest to cropland led to SOC losses by 19.1, 25.1, 30.6, 36.8 and 37.9 % for the soil depths of 0–10, 0–20, 0–40, 0–60 and 0–100 cm, respectively, which highlighted that shallow sampling underestimated SOC losses. Moreover, the FD method underestimated SOC and TN losses for the upper 40 cm layer, but overestimated the losses in the deeper layers. We suggest that the ESM together with deep sampling should be encouraged to detect the differences in SOC stocks. In conclusion, the conversion of forest to managed systems, in particular croplands significantly decreased in SOC and TN stocks, although the effect magnitude to some extent depended on sampling depth and calculation approach selected.
TP 53 Mutations and S-Phase Fraction but not DNA-Ploidy Are Independent Prognostic Indicators in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

ANTONIO RUSSO,* SIMONA CORSALE, VALENTINA AGNESE, MARCELLA MACALUSO, SANDRA CASCIO, LOREDANA BRUNO, EVA SURMACZ, GABRIELLA DARDANONI, MARIA ROSARIA VALERIO, SALVATORE VIENI, SALVATORE RESTIVO, FABIO FULFARO, ROSA MARIA TOMASINO, NICOLA GEBBIA, AND VIVIANA BAZAN Section and Oncology, Department of Oncology, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy Institute of Experimental Medicine, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Epidemiological Observatory Center of Sicilian Region, Palermo, Italy Institute of Otorhinolaryngology B, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy Institute of Pathology, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
On the Relation between Syntactic Phrases and Phonological Phrases

This article argues that the relation between syntactic XPs and phonological phrases is subject to a constraint, WRAP-XP, that demands that each XP be contained in a phonological phrase. WRAP-XP is argued to interact with the constraints on edge alignment proposed by Selkirk (1986, 1995), with a constraint against recursive structure, and with a constraint aligning an edge of a focus with a phonological phrase. WRAP-XP is intended to replace, and improve on, an earlier proposal by Hale and Selkirk (1987) to the effect that lexical government plays a role in the syntax-prosody mapping. The languages discussed in more detail are Tohono O'odham, Kimatuumbi, and Chichea.
Lithuanian narrative language at preschool age

The paper deals with the main linguistic indications of Lithuanian preschoolers’ narratives. The analysis is based on experimental data of 24 typically developing monolingual Lithuanian children (6–7 years of age) from middle-class families, attending a state kindergarten in Kaunas (Lithuania). During the experiment, the children were asked to tell a story according to the Cat Story (Hickmann 1993) picture sequence. The stories were recorded, transcribed and annotated for an automatic analysis using CHILDES software. During the analysis, the syntactic complexity, lexical diversity, and general productivity (MLUw and type/token ratio) of the narratives were investigated. The results indicated the main microstructural tendencies of Lithuanian narrative language at preschool age. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5128/ERYa8.02
Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP): experimental design and boundary conditions (Experiment 2)

Abstract. The Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project has expanded to include a model intercomparison for the mid-Pliocene warm period (3.29 to 2.97 million yr ago). This project is referred to as PlioMIP (the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project). Two experiments have been agreed upon and together compose the initial phase of PlioMIP. The first (Experiment 1) is being performed with atmosphere-only climate models. The second (Experiment 2) utilises fully coupled ocean-atmosphere climate models. Following on from the publication of the experimental design and boundary conditions for Experiment 1 in Geoscientific Model Development, this paper provides the necessary description of differences and/or additions to the experimental design for Experiment 2.
Yield Gap and Production Gap of Rainfed Winter Wheat in the Southern Great Plains

Since 1980, average wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields have remained nearly stagnant in the southern Great Plains (SGP) and stagnant in the state of Oklahoma. Yield stagnation can sometimes be attributed to a relatively small gap between current and potential yields, but the magnitude of the yield gap for this region has not been well quantified. The objective of this study was to determine the wheat yield and production gaps in Oklahoma at state and county levels. This involved estimation of attainable yield (Y a ) using a frontier yield function and water-limited potential yield (Y p ) using estimated transpiration and transpiration efficiency. Yield gap and production gap relative to Y a and Y p were calculated using grain yields and harvested area for 19 counties. Current average yield (Y c ) was 2.06 Mg ha –1 at the state level, well below the maximum recorded yield at the plot level of 6.59 Mg ha –1 . The Y p of current wheat varieties is far above Y c in Oklahoma, and Y c represents 74% of Y a but only 30% of Y p at state level. For growing season rainfall (GSRF) amount <250 mm wheat yields were often water-limited. However, average GSRF was 471 mm, and yield was typically limited by factors other than GSRF amount. Production exhibited greater temporal variability than yield, and production gap may be a better indicator than yield gap for regions with highest potential to increase production. Low yields and yield stagnation in Oklahoma cannot be attributed to a small remaining yield gap, nor to inadequate GSRF amount.
Stochastic Activity Networks model for the evaluation of the World Opera system

Recent technological advances have made it possible to design bandwidth demanding distributed interactive multimedia applications such as the World Opera. In this application artists from different opera houses across the globe can participate in a single united performance and interact almost as if they were co-located. One of the main design challenges in this application domain is to determine the composition of system components necessary to satisfy the desired quality of service in presence of failures and budget constraints. This challenge is exacerbated by the fact that quality of service depends on a multitude of factors such as human perception of video and audio, the type of audience, performance elements, etc. In this technical report we describe a modular Stochastic Activity Networks model for the reliability and performability evaluation of a distributed World Opera system.
Phytochemical assessment of Eichhornia crassipes from River Nun, Nigeria

Eichhornia crassipes is an invasive, free floating aquatic herb with adventurous root system. They constitute nuisance in the water ways. This study evaluated the qualitative phytochemical concentration of Eichhornia crassipes from River Nun, Nigeria. The study found that tannins and alkaloids are high present, glycosides and saponins and flavonoids are moderately present in most of the samples. This study confirms that Eichhornia crassipes from River Nun could be used for antimicrobial and chemotherapeutic agent.
Population Genetics of the Eastern Oyster Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791) in the Gulf of Mexico

ABSTRACT Genetic variation in eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) collected from 13 sites in the Gulf of Mexico was examined using a combination of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing, mtDNA restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, and nuclear single nucleotide polymorphism analysis. Both mitochondrial and nuclear markers showed significant differentiation among samples. Combined with previous allozyme and microsatellite data, these results indicate considerable population subdivision throughout the Gulf of Mexico, despite the potentially homogenizing effect of larval dispersal.
Rafting on abiotic substrata: properties of floating items and their influence on community succession

A wide diversity of organisms is dispersed on abiotic floating substrata, but little is known about the succession of fouling communities on these items. The main abiotic floating items found in the oceans (volcanic pumice, plastics, and Styrofoam) differ in 3 principal characteristics, namely surface rugosity, buoyancy, and floating behaviour, confirmed herein by light and electron microscopy (SEM), measurements of buoyancy, and laboratory tests to determine floating stability. In order to examine how these properties affect colonization and com munity succession on these substrata, 3 experiments were conducted in the field for 14 wk: (1) substrata were permanently submerged to determine if colonization depends on substratum surface (‘Rings’ experiment); (2) substrata were tethered at the sea surface to examine the importance of buoyancy (‘Lines’ experiment); and (3) substrata were caged to test the role of their floating behaviour (‘Cages’ experiment). The most common colo nizers in all 3 experiments were diatoms, Ulvales, and clonal ascidians from the genus Diplosoma. Surface rugosity of the substrata had only minor effects on the taxonomic richness of the developing communities. Buoyancy caused some differences in taxon cover, but taxon richness was similar on all 3 substrata. Finally, the floating behaviour at the sea surface had a strong influence on the communities developing on the floating substrata. Plastics (fewest changes in position) presented a higher richness and cover of taxa, while Styrofoam (most positional changes) harboured very few taxa. We conclude that colonization and succession on floating substrata is strongly influenced by positional changes, while surface rugosity and buoyancy appear important only during initial stages of community succession. Dispersal of organisms across the oceans is brought about by dense aggregations of pumice (left), which may appear sporadically after submarine volcanic eruptions, and by ubiquitous accumulations of anthropogenic debris (right). Photos: A. van den Broek, S. Bryan (left); M. Thiel (right) OPEN ACCESS
0.2-kJ and 2-kJ high rep rate Dense Plasma foci: their design, technology, and applications

The paper presents various designs of several medium and small size Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) chambers intend- ed for numerous applications, a description of technologies used in these facilities, and some results reached with these devices by using a number of diagnostic techniques. In present experiments the DP foci have been used mainly as an X-ray source. We discuss here how it is possible to satisfy absolutely new and very strict demands on the construction and technol- ogy for the devices to be eventually applied in science and industry. Between these characteristics there are a high repetition rate (typically 1…15 Hz) and a long lifetime (over 1 million shots). Their switching elements, a collector and chambers must withstand a high quasi-continuous heat load (up to 100 kW). High energy density in the central part of the chamber anode and the necessity to provide a channel for radiation extraction demanded a special construction and specific materials imple- mentation in this region. Their X-ray spectrum should be tuned. They have to operate with different working gases and preferably in a wide range of pressures. All these points are discussed in this report. Capabilities of the described techniques are illustrated by results of the recent experimental studies carried out with facilities located at the Nanyang Technological University (NX1) as well as at the Lebedev Physical Institute (PF-0.2).
Incentives and Voluntary Investment in Employer Shares

type="main" xml:lang="en"> Using a partial equilibrium model, this paper makes a first attempt to provide an explanation based on rational behaviour for the basic big puzzle of why workers have large holdings of the shares of their employer in their defined contribution (DC) pension plans. The primary explanations in the literature seem to be behavioural ones that involve sub-optimal behaviour. This paper attempts to see how far a standard optimizing setting in a principal–agent type framework can go in explaining the same phenomenon. It uses an incentive approach involving two agents, senior managers and workers to show how portfolio weights can be voluntarily shifted away from what would be first best in the absence of an incentive problem.
Modeling Haze Problems in the North of Thailand using Logistic Regression

At present, air pollution is a major problem in the upper northern region of Thailand. Air pollutants have an effect on human health, the economy and the traveling industry. The severity of this problem clearly appears every year during the dry season, from February to April. In particular it becomes very serious in March, especially in Chiang Mai province where smoke haze is a major issue. This study looked into related data from 2005-2010 covering eight principal parameters: PM 10 (particulate matter with a diameter smaller than 10 micrometer), CO (carbon monoxide), NO 2 (nitrogen dioxide), SO 2 (sulphur dioxide), RH (relative humidity), NO (nitrogen oxide), pressure, and rainfall. Overall haze problem occurrence was calculated from a logistic regression model. Its dependence on the eight parameters stated above was determined for design conditions using the correlation coefficients with PM 10 . The proposed overall haze problem modeling can be used as a quantitative assessment criterion for supporting decision making to protect human health. This study proposed to predict haze problem occurrence in 2011. The agreement of the results from the mathematical model with actual measured PM 10 concentration data from the Pollution Control Department was quite satisfactory.
Prolongements analytiques d’une classe de fonctions zêta des hauteurs et applications

Nous montrons dans la premiere partie l'existence d'un prolongement meromorphe a tout le plan complexe C et explicitons les proprietes et quelques consequences, d'une large classe de series zeta des hauteurs associees a l'espace projectif P n (Q) (n > 1). Nous montrons dans la deuxieme partie que, dans le cas du plan projectif eclate en un point sur Q, les fonctions zeta de hauteur associees aux fibres en droite dont les classes sont a l'interieur du cone des diviseurs effectifs possedent des prolongements meromorphes a tout le plan complexe C. Comme consequence, ce resultat permet de redemontrer la conjecture de Manin dans ce cas mais avec un meilleur terme d'erreur que ceux connus. Il permet surtout de determiner, le second terme en log B apparaissant dans la conjecture de Manin.
Bear Market Periods during the 2007–2009 Financial Crisis: Direct Evidence from the Visegrad Countries

The main goal of this paper is a quantitative identification of bear market periods during the 2007– 2009 global financial crisis in the case of the Visegrad Group stock markets. We analyse four countries, namely Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia and, for comparison, the US stock market. The sample period begins on May1, 2004, and ends on April 30, 2013, i.e. it includes the 2007 US subprime crisis. We use the statistical method of dividing market states into bullish and bearish markets. Our results reveal October 2007–February 2009 as the common downmarket period of the recent global financial crisis, except for Slovakia. It is instructive to formally identify crises, as it enables sensitivity analyses of various relationships and linkages among international stock markets using econometric and statistical tools, with respect to the pre-, post- and crisis periods. Moreover, we investigate the effect of increasing cross-market correlations in the crisis compared to the pre-crisis period, applying both standard contemporaneous correlations and volatility-adjusted correlation coefficients. The results confirm that accommodating heteroskedasticity is critical for detecting contagion across economies. A number of studies document that crossmarket correlations vary over time, thereby making the benefits of international portfolio choice and diversification questionable.