Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contemporary Issues in Crime and Justice Number 146 December 2010 Why is the NSW juvenile reconviction rate higher than expected ?

Method: Observed and predicted reconviction rates were investigated for the 2004-05 (n=4,225) and 2006-07 (n=4,368) cohorts of juvenile offenders given non-custodial sanctions. Various factors (for example, number of prior police cautions) were included in the Group Risk Assessment Model to determine whether they eliminated the discrepancy between the observed and predicted reconviction rates. The profile of re-offences across cohorts was also compared.
Impact of Global Warming on Gravity Wave Momentum Flux in the Lower Stratosphere

Impacts of global warming on gravity wave (GW) momentum flux (MF) in the lower stratosphere are estimated by analyzing results of simulations we performed using a high-resolution coupled climate model. In the “doubled CO2 climate” during the June-August period, a nearly uniform and isotropic increase in MF of 20-40% is obtained at 70 hPa as a result of an upward displacement of the tropopause. The geographical pattern of the largest enhancement of MF is generally coincident with changes in the tropospheric GW source. Eastward and westward components of MF both increase in relation to the enhanced source activity as well as to change in the tropopause height. However, the eastward component is preferentially filtered by the increased background westerly winds in the lower stratosphere. As a result, the net westward MF largely increases in the tropics and the southern mid-latitudes.
Development (f)or Maintenance?: An Empirical Study on the Use of and Need for HR Practices to Retain Older Workers in Health Care Organizations

The aims of this article are to (a) examine the prevalence of HR (HRM and HRD) practices to retain older workers in health care organizations; (b) evaluate those HR practices that are specifically designed to facilitate the retention of older workers; and (c) classify those HR practices against the needs of older workers, line managers, and HR professionals. To achieve these aims, 51 interviews were conducted with older workers, line managers, and HR professionals working in 15 Dutch hospitals and care service organizations in late 2010. The study had a mixed-methods setup in that the collected information was partly quantitative (figures about the prevalence and outcomes of practices), and partly qualitative (incorporating illustrative reflections or observations offered by interviewees), the latter complementing the former. Maintenance HR practices (practices that are focused on retaining older workers in their current jobs) appeared to be by far more prevalent compared to development HR practices (practices that are focused on advancement, growth and accomplishment, and that encourage individual workers to achieve new and challenging levels of functioning). In general, both types of HR practices were evaluated as successful by older workers, line managers, and HR professionals. Unexpectedly, the successful evaluations of the maintenance practices appeared to be attributed to developmental rather than maintenance processes. Furthermore, the needs of older workers appeared to be strongly related to both development practices and, although to a lesser degree, maintenance practices. The article concludes with relevant directions for future research
Génération de résumés par abstraction complète

This Ph.D. thesis is the result of several years of research on automatic text summarization. Three major contributions are presented in the form of published and submitted papers. They follow a path that moves away from extractive summarization and toward abstractive summarization. The first article describes the HexTac experiment, which was conducted to evaluate the performance of humans summarizing text by extracting sentences. Results show a wide gap of performance between human summaries written by sentence extraction and those written without restriction. This empirical performance ceiling to sentence extraction demonstrates the need for new approaches to text summarization. We then developed and implemented a system, which is the subject of the second article, using the Fully Abstractive Summarization approach. Though the name suggests otherwise, this approach is better categorized as semi-extractive, along with sentence compression and sentence fusion. Building and evaluating this system brought to light the great challenge associated with generating easily readable summaries without extracting sentences. In this approach, text understanding is not deep enough to provide help in the content selection process, as is the case in extractive summarization. As the third contribution, a knowledge-based approach to abstractive summarization called K-BABS was proposed. Relevant content is identified by pattern matching on an analysis of the source text, and rules are applied to directly generate sentences for the summary. This approach is implemented in a system called ABSUM, which generates very short and content-rich summaries. An evaluation was performed according to today’s standards. The evaluation shows that hybrid summaries generated by adding extracted sentences to ABSUM’s output have significantly more content than a state-ofthe-art extractive summarizer. Mots clés: Automatic Summarization, Abstractive Summarization, Natural Language Generation, Natural Language Processing
The Heard Island Feasibility Test

In January 1991, the Heard Island Feasibility Test (HIFT) was carried out to establish the limits of usable, long‐range acoustic transmissions. Coded acoustic signals transmitted from a source near Heard Island in the southern Indian Ocean were monitored at 16 sites in the North and South Atlantic, the North and South Pacific, the Indian Ocean, and the Southern Ocean. The question posed by HIFT, whether at such global ranges the signals would permit phase‐coherent processing and thus yield favorable signal‐to‐noise levels, was answered in the affirmative. There was no evidence of distress by the local marine mammal population in response to the acoustic transmissions. HIFT was prerequisite to a program for Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate (ATOC). The principal challenges to such a program are discussed.
Characterization of Bifacial Silicon Solar Cells and Modules: A New Step

Being interested in the characterization of bifacial solar cells and the maximizing of their potential, we studied how the sample holders add an external current mainly due to the reflectance properties of their surface. We found that this influence can be higher than one percent relative with respect to current. Using the same type of cells, mini modules were encapsulated using different back sheets. An increase of up to 8% in power output is visible before and after encapsulation if the back sheet is highly reflecting. Larger modules were laminated using transparent back foils with 16 of these cells and outdoor measurements performed. We changed the reflectance of the underlying surface and so the bifacial performance of the module varied, in a proportional manner. We have observed a relative increase in relation to monofacial averaged value of 7.9% of current if the reflectance of the surface is high, with major peaks up to 20%. The underlying area must be optimized to reveal the real potential of these devices. We have found a difference of about 30% relative comparing a small underlying area vs. a bigger area. There is also a saturation point when the underlying area is six times the area of the module. For this size or larger areas, the surface can be considered as infinite because its contribution will not change the performance of the module.
The mitochondrial genome of the banded guitarfish, Zapteryx exasperata (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880), possesses a non-coding duplication remnant region

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome of the banded guitarfish is 17,310 bp long and includes 2 ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNA, and 13 protein-coding genes, a replication origin and a control region (GenBank accession number KM370325). Gene arrangement is similar to that found in other batoids. An extra non-coding region was found between the genes coding for transfer RNA proline and threonine possessing a set of tandem repeat motifs pointing to its origin as a duplication remnant. Start codon ATG and stop codon TAA/T were found in most protein-coding genes. The base composition of the genome is 32.3% A, 30.2% T, 24.3% C and 13.1% G.
The Finite Beta Effects on the Toroidal Field Ripple in a Tokamak Plasma

The efficiency of energetic ion confinement is reduced in a tokamak plasma by the non-axisymmetric field, namely the ripple field. The ripple field is produced by a finite number of toroidal field coils. It is affected by the non-axisymmetric finite beta effect. The three-dimensional MHD equilibrium calculation code VMEC is used to analyze the non-axisymmetric finite beta effect in a ripple tokamak. In the VMEC code, the flux coordinates are used, so the calculation region is limited to the area of plasma. To calculate the orbit outside the plasma, we develop a field calculation code, which is based on the Biot-Savart law. The details of the method and results are described in this paper.
Chapter 4 Network Coding-Based Next-Generation IoT for Industry 4 . 0

Industry 4.0 has become the main source of applications of the Internet of Things (IoT), which is generating new business opportunities. The use of cloud computing and artificial intelligence is also showing remarkable improvements in industrial operation, saving millions of dollars to manufacturers. The need for time-critical decision-making is evidencing a trade-off between latency and computation, urging Industrial IoT (IIoT) deployments to integrate fog nodes to perform early analytics. In this chapter, we review next-generation IIoT architectures, which aim to meet the requirements of industrial applications, such as low-latency and highly reliable communications. These architectures can be divided into IoT node, fog, and multicloud layers. We describe these three layers and compare their characteristics, providing also different use-cases of IIoT architectures. We introduce network coding (NC) as a solution to meet some of the requirements of next-generation communications. We review a variety of its approaches as well as different scenarios that improve their performance and reliability thanks to this technique. Then, we describe the communication process across the different levels of the architecture based on NC-based state-of-the-art works. Finally, we summarize the benefits and open challenges of combining IIoT architectures together with NC techniques.
Effects of Payment Mechanism on Spending Behavior: The Role of Rehearsal and Immediacy of Payments

Past expenses have been shown to influence future spending behavior by depleting available budgets. However, a prerequisite for this relationship is the accurate recall of past payments and the experiencing of the full aversive impact associated with them. This article shows that the use of different payment mechanisms influences both these factors and hence moderates the effects of past payments on future spending. Specifically, past payments strongly reduce purchase intention when the payment mechanism requires the consumer to write down the amount paid (rehearsal) and when the consumer’s wealth is depleted immediately rather than with a delay (immediacy). Two experiments show support for the proposed theoretical framework.
Radio Capacity Estimation for Millimeter Wave 5G Cellular Networks Using Narrow Beamwidth Antennas at the Base Stations

This paper presents radio frequency (RF) capacity estimation for millimeter wave (mm-wave) based fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks using field-level simulations. It is shown that, by reducing antenna beamwidth from 65° to 30°, we can enhance the capacity of mm-wave cellular networks roughly by 3.0 times at a distance of 220 m from the base station (BS). This enhancement is far much higher than the corresponding enhancement of 1.2 times observed for 900 MHz and 2.6 GHz microwave networks at the same distance from the BS. Thus the use of narrow beamwidth transmitting antennas has more pronounced benefits in mm-wave networks. Deployment trials performed on an LTE TDD site operating on 2.6 GHz show that 6-sector site with 27° antenna beamwidth enhances the quality of service (QoS) roughly by 40% and more than doubles the overall BS throughput (while enhancing the per sector throughput 1.1 times on average) compared to a 3-sector site using 65° antenna beamwidth. This agrees well with our capacity simulations. Since mm-wave 5G networks will use arbitrary number of beams, with beamwidth much less than 30°, the capacity enhancement expected in 5G system when using narrow beamwidth antennas would be much more than three times observed in our simulations.
Identifying dependability requirements for space software systems

Computer systems are increasingly used in space, whether in launch vehicles, satellites, ground support and payload systems. Software applications used in these systems have become more complex, mainly due to the high number of features to be met, thus contributing to a greater probability of hazards related to software faults. Therefore, it is fundamental that the specification activity of requirements have a decisive role in the effort of obtaining systems with high quality and safety standards. In critical systems like the embedded software of the Brazilian Satellite Launcher, ambiguity, non-completeness, and lack of good requirements can cause serious accidents with economic, material and human losses. One way to assure quality with safety, reliability and other dependability attributes may be the use of safety analysis techniques during the initial phases of the project in order to identify the most adequate dependability requirements to minimize possible fault or failure occurrences during the subsequent phases. This paper presents a structured software dependability requirements analysis process that uses system software requirement specifications and traditional safety analysis techniques. The main goal of the process is to help to identify a set of essential software dependability requirements which can be added to the software requirement previously specified for the system. The final results are more complete, consistent, and reliable specifications.
Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi in the medicinal plant Mikania laevigata (Asteraceae)

The Mikania laevigata (Asteraceae) is a Brazilian medicinal plant used to treat respiratory tract diseases. It is produced on a large scale for phytotherapic formulation. No studies on the endophytes of Mikania laevigata have been described in the literature. The endophytic fungi isolated from the leaves of M. laevigata cultivated in a floral garden located in the south region of the Bahia state, Brazil, were investigated. After surface disinfection, the performing the isolation procedure, a total of forty endophytic fungi were obtained and grouped into different morphospecies. The fungi were characterized by molecular sequencing the ITS rDNA regions, and they were identified by comparing the results published Gen Bank sequences.The phylogenetic analyses revealed four major clades of fungi from the sequenced ITS-rDNA regions: Nodulisporium sp. (3 isolates), Hypoxylon sp. (3 isolates), Daldinia sp. (1 isolate) and Xylaria luteostromata (aunique isolate). The Xylariaceae Genus was the dominant group of fungi associated with Mikania laevigata.
Plant Response to Environmental Gradient Mediated by Trait Through Ontogeny on Common Tree Species at Two Contrasting Habitats in Karst Forest of Southern Taiwan

One of central goal in ecology is to understand how plants respond to environment and what kind of attributes that can be obtained with an easy way to interpret the complexity of nature, especially on vegetation response. Ecologists use functional traits to understand how plants respond to environmental changes. Plant species may have experienced different environmental conditions during their ontogeny. Thus, they may show different patterns of ontogenetic trait variation (OTV) as their response to different environmental condition. In this study, the relationship between trait variation on different habitat and across ontogenetic stages both on community and population levels were investigated. Five selected leaves traits (leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf thickness, leaf dry matter content, and leaf succulence) were examined to look at plant response along soil water content and light gap interception gradient in Kenting forest dynamics plot (KFDP), Southern Taiwan. Leaf area was the most varied trait across habitat and ontogeny. Leaf thickness reveals an opposite pattern compare to leaf area. Leaf dry matter content (LDMC) showed less variation either between or within species and across ontogeny. Shift of community responses on environmental gradient by trait through ontogeny showed that intraspecific variation is important to be considered in ecological study. The other important finding in this study was by only using mean species we can misleading in understanding of plant responses to the environmental gradient in order to their adaptation both across different habitat and ontogenetic stages.
Kindergarten Climate in Padang Hadiyanto

This research aimed to find out whether there were differences in the climates of kindergartens in Padang. Specifically, this research would see whether there were differences in perceptions among the kindergartens’ climate experienced (the actual climate) and the climate of the kindergartens that were desired by teachers (preferred climate). The research samples were 50 kindergartens’ teachers representing 305 kindergartens in Padang. To obtain the data, this research used the school climate measurement tool adapted from the School Level Environment Scale (SLEQ) which was originally developed by Fisher. The results generally indicated that no significant differences between the actual climate (3.07) and preferred climate (3.25) by the teachers. However, on the scale of participation in decision making (2.80 : 3.49), and physical comfort (2.86:3.53), the differences were higher compared to other scales. It was hoped that the principal of kindergartens in the city of Padang would minimize the differences by more involving kindergarten teachers in the decision-making processes and increasing the convenience and more adequate of managing infrastructure of kindergarten. Keywords—school climate; kindergarten; early childhood education;
A Phase I Study Of The Combination Of TZT-1027 (Soblidotin) And Gemcitabine Administered On Day 1 And 8 Every Three Weeks To Patients With Advanced Or Metastatic Solid Tumors

Background: TZT-1027 is a dolastatin 10 analog interfering with microtubule assembly, with increased antitumor activity when combined with gemcitabine in animal models. Patients and Methods: Eligible patients with refractory solid tumors received gemcitabine followed by TZT-1027 on Days 1 and 8 every 21 days, with pharmacokinetic sampling during the first 24 hours.
Four Decades of Progress in Monitoring and Modeling of Processes in the Soil-Plant- Atmosphere System: Applications and Challenges Water limitation and negative plant-soil feedback explain vegetation patterns along rainfall gradient

The formation of vegetation patterns has been widely studied and discussed over the years and it has been related to two different mechanisms: depletion of water in the center of vegetation patches and production of toxicity by the decomposition of plant residues in soil. In this work we present a spatially explicit model that combines these two processes showing that negative plant-soil feedbacks can explain the development of different vegetation patterns also when water is not a limiting factor. This also demonstrates that the toxicity effects may change the stability properties of the vegetation patterns.
Climate affects symbiotic fungal endophyte diversity and performance.

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Fungal endophytes are symbionts that inhabit aboveground tissues of most terrestrial plants and can affect plant physiology and growth under stressed conditions. In a future faced with substantial climate change, endophytes have the potential to play an important role in plant stress resistance. Understanding both the distributions of endophytes and their functioning in symbiosis with plants are key aspects of predicting their role in an altered climate. METHODS Here we characterized endophytes in grasses across a steep precipitation gradient to examine the relative importance of environmental and spatial factors in structuring endophyte communities. We also tested how 20 endophytes isolated from drier and wetter regions performed in symbiosis with grass seedlings under high and low soil moisture in the greenhouse. KEY RESULTS Environmental factors related to historical and current precipitation were the most important predictors of endophyte communities in the field. On average, endophytic fungi from western sites also reduced plant water loss in the greenhouse compared to fungi from eastern sites. However, there was substantial variability in how individual endophytic taxa affected plant traits under high and low water availability, with up to two orders of magnitude difference in the plasticity of plant traits conferred by the different fungal taxa. CONCLUSIONS While species sorting appears to largely explain local endophyte community composition, their function in symbiosis is not predictable from local environmental conditions. The development of a predictive framework for endophyte function will require further study of individual fungal taxa and genotypes across environmental gradients.
Isolation and Analysis of Cyanobacterial DNA

Cyanobacteria are a phylum of bacteria that possess a diverse number of biological characteristics. One of the evolutionary innovations of the cyanobacteria are its ability to perform oxygenating photosynthesis, which all cyanobacteria are able to perform. It is believed that a form of metabolism became the dominant method for producting fixed carbon from carbon dioxide (CO2) at around 3.5 billion years ago. Instead of using hydrogen sulfide, whose generated waste products were difficult to eliminate, the photosynthetic cyanobacteria used water as their hydrogen source (1). Many cyanobacteria are also capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen (2). Cyanobacteria are present in many habitats, ranging from hot springs to fresh water lakes. Cyanobacteria are sometimes also referred to as blue-green algae, but unlike their name suggests, are rarely truly blue-green or green in color. Although they contain green chlorophyll, blue-green algae are often blue-black or black in color. They are capable of producing every possible color except for green (1). Degree Type Open Access Senior Honors Thesis Department Chemistry Subject Categories Chemistry This open access senior honors thesis is available at DigitalCommons@EMU: http://commons.emich. edu/honors/232 Isolation and Analysis of Cyanobacterial DNA