Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Based Approach in Detection and Classiﬁcation of Tomato Plant Leaf Diseases

Tomatoes are one of the most commonly and widely grown crop across the world. As they are one of the staple plant-produces, they are extensively used in every commercial and household kitchen. It is an integral part of the human diet in every continent and culture. Hence tomato cultivation is of great interest to agri-culturists. However, tomato plants are not immune to plant diseases. These plant diseases easily and immediately aﬀect the quantity of produce as well as the quality of produce. Therefore, monitoring and analyzing the growth stages of the crop can promote towards the production of disease-free produce with minimal losses to the crop. This research is an attempt at contributing towards the early detection and identiﬁcation of the onset of diseases in tomato leaves using machine learning. This study intends to analyze the eﬃciency of algorithms such as XGBoost, Convolu-tional Neural Network (CNN) and its architectures such as VGG16 and VGG19 in combination with data augmentation and transfer learning over conventional machine learning algorithms such as Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest and test their eﬃciency in the detection and classiﬁcation of tomato plant leaf diseases in terms of accuracy, precision, recall and training time. Models training is conducted on publicly accessible PlantVillage dataset consisting of approximately 6500 images of both healthy and diseased tomato plant leaves encompassing ﬁve distinct classes. CNN’s VGG19 architecture with transfer learning achieved the best result with the overall accuracy of 96 percent compared to other models while having faster training time. Also, it is observed that the performance of the models built improves with increase in the training data. The results achieved on the architectures of CNN while implemented along the transfer learning yields promising results therefore it can be explored more in depth to create an eﬃcient automated leaf disease diagnosis model and thus help farmers and other reserchers in agricultural community in identifying and classifying tomato plant leaf diseases.
NURSES’ ROLES IN HEALTH PROMOTION PRACTICE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: Promoting public health is applied by health care professionals including nurses. The focus of health promotion by nurses traditionally has been on disease prevention and changing the client behavior with respect to their health. In fact, the role as promoters of heath by nurses is not as simple as we perceive. It is because they have experience and multi-disciplinary knowledge of health promotion in their nursing practice. Aims: This study presents a systematic review aimed at examining the findings of existing research studies (2001-2016) of health promotion roles by nurses. Methods: A systematic search of databases using EBSCOhost, ProQuest, and Science Direct were conducted. The 353 articles included were extracted and verified and a new interpretation of the concepts extracted was generated. Results: 12 research articles met the inclusion criteria and included in this review. Nurses play an important role in relation to health promotion in any setting like hospital, community, primary care and home care. Conclusion: This review need to be confirmed by well-designed large studies which engage validated procedures of nurses’ role in health promotion practice and involve multivariate analyses to make sure the real role of nurses regarding health promotion practice.
CV-Inspector: Towards Automating Detection of Adblock Circumvention

—The adblocking arms race has escalated over the last few years. An entire new ecosystem of circumvention (CV) services has recently emerged that aims to bypass adblockers by obfuscating site content, making it difﬁcult for adblocking ﬁlter lists to distinguish between ads and functional content. In this paper, we investigate recent anti-circumvention efforts by the adblocking community that leverage custom ﬁlter lists. In particular, we analyze the anti-circumvention ﬁlter list (ACVL), which supports advanced ﬁlter rules with enriched syntax and capabilities designed speciﬁcally to counter circumvention. We show that keeping ACVL rules up-to-date requires expert list curators to continuously monitor sites known to employ CV services and to discover new such sites in the wild — both tasks require considerable manual effort. To help automate and scale ACVL curation, we develop CV-I NSPECTOR , a machine learning approach for automatically detecting adblock circumvention using differential execution analysis. We show that CV-I NSPECTOR achieves 93% accuracy in detecting sites that successfully circumvent adblockers. We deploy CV-I NSPECTOR on top-20K sites to discover the sites that employ circumvention in the wild. We further apply CV-I NSPECTOR to a list of sites that are known to utilize circumvention and are closely monitored by ACVL authors. We demonstrate that CV-I NSPECTOR reduces the human labeling effort by 98%, which removes a major bottleneck for ACVL authors. Our work is the ﬁrst large-scale study of the state of the adblock circumvention arms race, and makes an important step towards automating anti-CV efforts.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATTACHMENT AND ADJUSTMENT WITH CHRONIC PAIN; WITH STUDY THE MODERATOR ROLE OF RESILIENCY BETWEEN ATTACHMENT AND ADJUSTMENT WITH CHRONIC PAIN; WITH STUDY THE MODERATOR ROLE OF RESILIENCY”

The present study investigated the relationship between attachment style with adjustment and resiliency in chronic pain patients and probable mediating role of resiliency between attachment and adjustment. Adult Attachment Inventory; Depression‚ Anxiety‚ Stress Scale (DASS_21) Resiliency Scale (CS_RISC) and Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ). Data were analyzed using parson’s correlation and regression. Results revealed that avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles negatively correlated with adjustment (positively correlated with depression, anxiety and stress) and positively with resiliency. Secure attachment wasn’t correlated with none of them. Resiliency didn’t mediate the impact of attachment style on adjustment. These findings suggest that insecure attachment style is a vulnerability factor for adjustment with chronic pain and predicts lower resiliency in these patients. Briefly present the conclusions and importance of the results. Concisely summarize the study’s implications. Please do not include any citations in the abstract.
COMPARATIVE ALTERATIONS OF SOME BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN RATTUS NORVEGICUS RATS FOLLOWING FLUNITRAZEPAM ADMINISTRATION

Background: Flunitrazepam is a class of benzodiazepine and a central nervous system depressant which is a sedative-hypnotic used in the treatment of anxiety, insomnia etc. This study was aimed at comparing the alterations of some biochemical parameters in Rattus norvegicus rats following flunitrazepam administration. Methods: Each of the seven rats in experimental group one and two respectively was administered orally with 0.8mg/1.24kg of flunitrazepam as a single dose for one day, experimental group one (acute toxicity study) and 0.2mg/1.24kg of flunitrazepam daily for a period of four weeks, experimental group two (sub-chronic toxicity study) while each of the other seven rats that were monitored as controls (control group) was not administered with flunitrazepam or any other drugs. Thereafter five milliliters blood specimen were collected into lithium heparin anticoagulated bottles and spun to obtain plasma samples that were used for the quantitative measurement of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, C-reactive protein, urea and creatinine. Results: The results revealed statistically significant elevations (p<0.05) in the mean values of all the measured biochemical parameters in both experimental group one and two rats respectively as compared with that of the control group. Conclusion: In conclusion, acute and sub-chronic administration of flunitrazepam may cause hepato-renal and inflammatory disorders in Rattus norvegicus rats. It is therefore recommended that further study on the histomorphological examination of hepato-renal organs be carried out in order to ascertain the true picture of damage on these organs in the rats.
SEU RADIATION EFFECTS ON GAA-CNTFET BASED DIGITAL LOGIC CIRCUIT

Gate-All-Around Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors (GAA-CNTFETs) based digital logic circuits are studied in this paper for their soft error performance using Cadence simulations. Four different topologies Single Chirality Single Channel (SCSC), Single Chirality Dual Channel (SCDC), Dual Chirality Single Channel (DCSC) and Dual Chirality Dual Channel (DCDC) based digital logic circuits are studied to find out their minimum radiation dose required to flip the digital circuits output. A double-exponential current pulse is induced at respective sensitive node of the digital circuits. The digital gates retain its original state after radiation dose is removed. The simulation result shows SCDC and DCDC based topology for inverter is more reliable because its highest threshold current value is 5.4 μA and 5.8 μA respectively where as SCSC and DCSC topology for inverter is less reliable with lowest threshold current value 2.95 μA and 2.80 μA respectively. In NAND and NOR gate circuits similar result is given in this paper.
Towards a Better Perspective on Elderly Care: A Case Study

Purpose: The percentage of the elderly is increasing on a worldwide scale, and Japan has the highest in the world. Under this difficult demographic situation, how well the elderly can live their later lives is a very important question. The purpose of this study was to find out how the elderly in good health can envisage their future lives in which they need care from others, which may help the elderly make their own care-plans. Methodology: I conducted semi-structured interviews with one married elderly couple, who had had various experiences of caring for their old parents. While recalling their old days when they used to care for their parents, they were also asked to envisage their own future lives, in which they will need care from others. Results: Based on qualitative descriptive analyses of their interview data, a highly individual care-plan emerged for each study participant. It was suggested that the ways their old parents lived in their later lives, as well as their experiences of caring for them, were strongly reflected in their own future care-plans. Conclusions: In order to envisage one’s realistic future in which he/she needs care from others, concrete experience of relevance may be necessary, which would make it possible to discuss frequently his/her own future life with family, friends, and medical providers.
Simulating measurable ecosystem carbon and nitrogen dynamics with the mechanistically defined MEMS 2.0 model

Abstract. For decades, predominant soil biogeochemical models have used conceptual soil organic matter (SOM) pools and only simulated them to a shallow depth in soil. Efforts to overcome these limitations have prompted the development of the new generation SOM models, including MEMS 1.0, which represents measurable biophysical SOM fractions, over the entire root zone, and embodies recent understanding of the processes that govern SOM dynamics. Here we present the result of continued development of the MEMS model, version 2.0. MEMS 2.0 is a full ecosystem model with modules simulating plant growth with above- and belowground inputs, soil water and temperature by layer, decomposition of plant inputs and SOM, and mineralization and immobilization of nitrogen (N). The model simulates two commonly measured SOM pools – particulate and mineral-associated organic matter (POM and MAOM, respectively). We present results of calibration and validation of the model with several grassland sites in the US. MEMS 2.0 generally captured the soil carbon (C) stocks (R2 of 0.89 and 0.6 for calibration and validation, respectively) and their distributions between POM and MAOM throughout the entire soil profile. The simulated soil N matches measurements but with lower accuracy (R2 of 0.73 and 0.31 for calibration and validation of total N in SOM, respectively) than for soil C. Simulated soil water and temperature were compared with measurements, and the accuracy is comparable to the other commonly used models. The seasonal variation in gross primary production (GPP; R2 = 0.83), ecosystem respiration (ER; R2 = 0.89), net ecosystem exchange (NEE; R2 = 0.67), and evapotranspiration (ET; R2 = 0.71) was well captured by the model. We will further develop the model to represent forest and agricultural systems and improve it to incorporate new understanding of SOM decomposition.
Entrepreneurial Emotions of Business and Non-Business Students in Higher Learning Institutions: Same or Different?

Entrepreneurial emotion is a new study that is evolving in entrepreneurship education. Emotions affect the capacity of a person to cope with ambiguity in making judgments and decisions. This study aims to examine whether there is a difference between entrepreneurial positive emotions and entrepreneurial negative emotions of both business and non-business students in higher learning institutions. This quantitative study involved 477 final year students in public universities, comprising 214 business students, and 243 non-business students. The results show the entrepreneurial positive emotions are different among business students and non-business students, while the entrepreneurial negative emotions are the opposite. The mean score for business students in entrepreneurial positive emotions was higher compared to non-business students. These findings reflect that the entrepreneurial knowledge and skills acquired through entrepreneurship education have enhanced their confidence and ability to organize or use their emotions more effectively in starting a business. Besides that, the results show the negative emotions of students in starting a business are not influenced by their study program. All students take into account their negative emotions in making an action to start a business. In addition, students who have entrepreneurial potential will use their emotions as much as possible in making a decision. Therefore, this study contributes to the knowledge of entrepreneurial emotions that involve positive and negative emotions among university students in entrepreneurship education.
FURTHER STUDY OF TETRACARBONATO DIRUTHENIUM(II,III) COMPOUNDS

A new synthetic method for the M 3 [Ru 2 (CO 3 ) 4 ]-nH 2 O compounds (M=K, Na) has been developed. A previously formulated potassium hexahydrate compound has been determined to have the formula K 3 [Ru 2 (CO 3 ) 4 ]-4H 2 O (1), and the structure of Na 3 [Ru 2 (CO 3 ) 4 ]-6H 2 O (2) has been redetermined to clarify a disorder ambiguity by X-ray crystallography.
A mechanistic approach to predicting suitable foraging habitat for reproductively mature North Atlantic right whales in the Gulf of St. Lawrence

iv INTRODUCTION . 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 2 DATA COLLECTION . 2 TWO-DIMENSIONAL PREY FIELD . 2 THREE-DIMENSIONAL PREY FIELD . 3 NET ENERGY FIELD . 3 FORAGING BIOENERGETICS MODEL – ENERGY GAIN . 4 FORAGING BIOENERGETICS MODEL – ENERGY EXPENDITURE . 4 Basal metabolism . 4 Travelling and foraging metabolism . 5 Reproduction metabolism . 7 FORAGING HABITAT SUITABILITY . 8 RESULTS . 8 DISCUSSION. 10 PERSISTENT SUITABLE HABITAT IN THE GSL . 10 VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SUITABLE HABITAT . 11 BIOENERGETICS . 12 REFERENCES CITED . 13 TABLES . 22 FIGURES . 27 APPENDIX . 47
COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Pediatric Dentistry in Austria: Knowledge, Perception and Attitude Among Pediatric Dentists in a Cross-Sectional Survey

Introduction The Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak is affecting people worldwide. Given the frequent production of aerosols, dentists are a high-risk group for infection. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, perception and attitude regarding COVID-19 among pediatric dentists in Austria. Methods An online survey was distributed among the 128 pediatric dentists that are members of the Austrian Society of Pediatric Dentistry. The questionnaire was divided into three sections: 1) dentists’ demographic characteristics, 2) general knowledge and attitude, 3) COVID-19 with a focus on pediatric dentistry. Results Seventy-five dentists replied; 58 questionnaires could be included in the analysis (93.1% female). Pediatric dentists were found to have good general knowledge of COVID-19. However, only 10% had attended training or lectures and 36.2% rated their role in teaching patients about COVID-19 as being very significant. At the beginning of the outbreak, 78.6% only offered emergency services. Currently, only 10.3% of the dentists work without FFP2/3 mask when producing aerosols. Discussion Austrian pediatric dentists were aware of the general aspects of COVID-19. Those, who had their practice open mostly followed national and international recommendations given and only offered emergency visits.
Excitability and Threshold Mechanism for Enhanced Neuronal Response Induced by Inhibition Preceding Excitation

Postinhibitory facilitation (PIF) of neural firing presents a paradoxical phenomenon that the inhibitory effect induces enhancement instead of reduction of the firing activity, which plays important roles in sound location of the auditory nervous system, awaited theoretical explanations. In the present paper, excitability and threshold mechanism for the PIF phenomenon is presented in the Morris-Lecar model with type I, II, and III excitabilities. Firstly, compared with the purely excitatory stimulations applied to the steady state, the inhibitory preceding excitatory stimulation to form pairs induces the firing rate increased for type II and III excitabilities instead of type I excitability, when the interval between the inhibitory and excitatory stimulation within each pair is suitable. Secondly, the threshold mechanism for the PIF phenomenon is acquired. For type II and III excitabilities, the inhibitory stimulation induces subthreshold oscillations around the steady state. During the middle and ending phase of the ascending part and the beginning phase of the descending part within a period of the subthreshold oscillations, the threshold to evoke an action potential by an excitatory stimulation becomes weaker, which is the cause for the PIF phenomenon. Last, a theoretical estimation for the range of the interval between the inhibitory and excitatory stimulation for the PIF phenomenon is acquired, which approximates half of the intrinsic period of the subthreshold oscillations for the relatively strong stimulations and becomes narrower for the relatively weak stimulations. The interval for the PIF phenomenon is much shorter for type III excitability, which is closer to the experiment observation, due to the shorter period of the subthreshold oscillations. The results present the excitability and threshold mechanism for the PIF phenomenon, which provide comprehensive and deep explanations to the PIF phenomenon.
Effect of head down tilt on heart rate variability

Context: Sirshasan is supposed to increase blood flow to the brain and considered to be beneficial for intellectual function, however mastering these techniques may be difficult. Aims: To see the effect of headstand using a tilt table on heart rate variability (HRV). Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study that was done on 26 healthy volunteers. Methods and Material: HRV was assessed in the supine position and 30° head tilt position for 5 min. HRV recording was done on the power lab (AD Instruments P Ltd, Castle Hill Australia). The tilt table used was Medica Podium, New Delhi, HLT-200. Statistical analysis used: Paired t-test. Results: All the HRV parameters showed non-significant change except low-frequency parameters which showed significant change during head tilt. Conclusions: Headstand to a 30° using tilt table cause a decrease in the autonomic activity which is mainly because of decrease in sympathetic activity.
Heat shock proteins and small nucleolar RNAs are dysregulated in a Drosophila model for feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Abstract In cats, mutations in myosin binding protein C (encoded by the MYBPC3 gene) have been associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, the molecular mechanisms linking these mutations to HCM remain unknown. Here, we establish Drosophila melanogaster as a model to understand this connection by generating flies harboring MYBPC3 missense mutations (A31P and R820W) associated with feline HCM. The A31P and R820W flies displayed cardiovascular defects in their heart rates and exercise endurance. We used RNA-seq to determine which processes are misregulated in the presence of mutant MYBPC3 alleles. Transcriptome analysis revealed significant downregulation of genes encoding small nucleolar RNA (snoRNAs) in exercised female flies harboring the mutant alleles compared to flies that harbor the wild-type allele. Other processes that were affected included the unfolded protein response and immune/defense responses. These data show that mutant MYBPC3 proteins have widespread effects on the transcriptome of co-regulated genes. Transcriptionally differentially expressed genes are also candidate genes for future evaluation as genetic modifiers of HCM as well as candidate genes for genotype by exercise environment interaction effects on the manifestation of HCM; in cats as well as humans.
Use of Pre- and Intensified Postprocedural Physiotherapy in Patients with Symptomatic Aortic Stenosis Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Study (the 4P-TAVR Study)

Background Physiotherapy prior to open-heart surgery lowers the rate of pneumonia and length of the hospital stay. Pneumonia is a major contributor to short-term mortality following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Hence, we hypothesized that pre- and intensified postprocedural physiotherapy in patients undergoing TAVR might impact the net functional and clinical outcome. Methods and Results The 4P-TAVR study was a prospective, monocentric, randomized trial. The study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of intensified periprocedural physiotherapy including inspiratory muscle training versus standard postprocedural physiotherapy. Patients were randomized in a 1 : 1 fashion. 108 patients were included and followed up for 90 days after TAVR. While patients in group A (control group: 50 patients, age: 81.7 ± 5.0 years, 52% male) did not receive physiotherapy prior to TAVR, group B (intervention group: 58 patients, age: 82.2 ± 5.82 years, 47% male) participated in intensive physiotherapy. Compared to the control group, patients in the interventional group showed a lower incidence of postinterventional pneumonia (10 [20.0%] vs. 3 [5.1%], p=0.016) and had a 3-day shorter mean hospital stay (13.5 ± 6.1 days vs. 10.1 ± 4.7 days, p=0.02). The primary composite endpoint of mortality and rehospitalization was not different between the groups. Conclusion Intensified physiotherapy is safe and has positive effects on clinical outcomes up to 90 days after TAVR but has no impact on the primary combined endpoint of mortality and rehospitalization. Longer follow-up, a multicenter design, and a higher number of subjects are needed to confirm these preliminary results. This trial is registered with DRKS00017239.
Photochemistry of Three Selected Pharmaceuticals in Seawater and River Water

The aim of these work was to study the direct photolysis of three pharmaceuticals with relatively high potential ecological risk and high consumption-namely, fluconazole, bicalutamide and anastozole promoted by photochemical processes. By conducting experiments in Milli Q water, Baltic Sea Water and Olandsan River Water. To evaluated this process under laboratory conditions, used chemical actinometer for sunlight measurements. The actinometer is the known bicalutamide, fluconazole and anastozole the half life in sunlight ranging from several minutes to 120 minutes. The systems were relatively persistent against sunlight. It has quantum yield invariant with wavelength to 261 nm for fluconazole 271 nm for bicalutamide and 269 for anastozole.