Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neonatal 6-OHDA lesion of the SNc induces striatal compensatory sprouting from surviving SNc dopaminergic neurons without VTA contribution

Dopamine (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) are uniquely vulnerable to neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We hypothesize that their large axonal arbor is a key factor underlying their vulnerability, due to increased bioenergetic, proteostatic and oxidative stress. In keeping with this model, other DAergic populations with smaller axonal arbors are mostly spared during the course of PD and are more resistant to experimental lesions in animal models. Aiming to improve mouse PD models, we examined if neonatal partial SNc lesions could lead to adult mice with fewer SNc DA neurons that are endowed with larger axonal arbors because of compensatory mechanisms. We injected 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) unilaterally in the SNc at an early postnatal stage at a dose selected to induce loss of approximately 50% of SNc DA neurons. We find that at 10- and 90-days after the lesion, the axons of SNc DA neurons show massive compensatory sprouting, as revealed by the proportionally smaller decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the striatum compared to the loss of SNc DA neuron cell bodies. The extent and origin of this axonal sprouting was further investigated by AAV-mediated expression of eYFP in SNc or ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA neurons of adult mice. Our results reveal that SNc DA neurons have the capacity to substantially increase their axonal arbor size and suggest that mice designed to have reduced numbers of SNc DA neurons could potentially be used to develop better mouse models of PD, with elevated neuronal vulnerability. Graphical abstract text We describe a technique to induce the loss of approximately 50% of SNc DA neurons in neonate mice using unilateral intranigral 6-OHDA (left panel). Compensatory axonal sprouting was observed in the striatum as early as 10 days following the lesion (at P15), with effects lasting until adulthood (P90). Conditional AAV-mediated expression of eYFP (green) reveals SNc DA neurons, projecting to the dorsal striatum (middle panel), and not VTA DA neurons, projecting to the ventral striatum (right panel), as the main source of compensatory axonal sprouting. Graphical abstract
Whole genome duplications and the diversification of the Globin-X genes of vertebrates

The globin superfamily of vertebrate genes is a textbook example of how the interplay between local gene duplications, whole-genome duplications, and regulatory changes can facilitate the evolution of novel protein functions. Almost every vertebrate examined possesses copies of hemoglobin and myoglobin in their genomes, and both cytoglobin and neuroglobin are present in the vast majority of vertebrate genomes surveyed as well. The phylogenetic distribution of globin-E, globin-Y and globin-X (GbX), however, is more spotty, suggesting multiple independent gene losses. Globin-X is an enigmatic globin with a wide phyletic distribution that spans protostomes and deuterostomes. Unlike canonical globins such as hemoglobins and myoglobins, functional data suggest that GbX does not have a primary respiratory function. Instead, available evidence suggests that GbX may play a role in protecting cells from oxidative damage and in reducing nitrite and it is predicted to be bound to the cell membrane. Recently released genomes from key vertebrate taxa provide an excellent opportunity to address questions about the early stages of evolution of these genes in vertebrates. In the current study, we integrate bioinformatic, synteny and phylogenetic analyses to characterize the diversity of GbX genes in non-teleost ray-finned fishes, resolve relationships between the GbX genes of cartilaginous fish and the GbX genes of bony vertebrates, and demonstrate that the GbX genes of cyclostomes and gnathostomes have independent duplicative histories. Our study highlights the role that whole genome duplications (WGDs) have played in expanding the repertoire of genes in vertebrate genomes. Our results indicate that GbX paralogs have a remarkably high rate of retention following WGDs in comparison to other globin genes, and also provide an evolutionary framework for interpreting results of experiments that examine functional properties of GbX and patterns of tissue-specific expression. By identifying GbX genes products of different WGDs in the vertebrate tree of life, our results can guide the design of experimental work to explore whether gene duplicates that originate via WGDs have evolved novel functional properties or expression profiles relative to singleton or tandemly duplicated copies of GbX.
Atg39 links and deforms the outer and inner nuclear membranes in selective autophagy of the nucleus

In selective autophagy of the nucleus (hereafter nucleophagy), nucleus-derived double membrane vesicles (NDVs) are formed, sequestered within autophagosomes, and delivered to lysosomes or vacuoles for degradation. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the nuclear envelope (NE) protein Atg39 acts as a nucleophagy receptor, which interacts with Atg8 to target NDVs to forming autophagosomal membranes. In this study, we revealed that Atg39 is anchored to the outer nuclear membrane (ONM) via its transmembrane domain and also associated with the inner nuclear membrane (INM) via membrane-binding amphipathic helices (APHs) in its perinuclear space region, thereby linking these membranes. We also revealed that overaccumulation of Atg39 causes the NE to protrude towards the cytoplasm, and the tips of the protrusions are pinched off to generate NDVs. The APHs of Atg39 are crucial for Atg39 assembly in the NE and subsequent NE protrusion. These findings suggest that the nucleophagy receptor Atg39 plays pivotal roles in NE deformation during the generation of NDVs to be degraded by nucleophagy.
Perturbation theory for mixtures of discrete potential fluids

A thermodynamic perturbation theory for mixtures of fluids composed of particles interacting via discrete potentials is presented, based on previous work for pure component systems. Square-well and square-shoulder mixtures are accurately described by this theory, giving the necessary information for studying a wide range of discrete potential fluids. As an example of this, the theory is applied to a discrete Lennard-Jones mixture, obtaining very good results when compared against computer simulation values. The scope of this work is to implement perturbation theory for discrete potential systems in modern theories for complex fluids.
Modeling of Droplet Drying in Spray Chambers Using 2D and 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics

Steady-state and unsteady-state 2D axisymmetric and 3D calculations of heat and mass transfer processes in cylinder-on-cone spray chamber have been performed. The theoretical model of the process is based on two-phase Eulerian-Lagrangian approach for gas-droplet flow. In steady-state, two cases are considered: flow of hot air only (no liquid spray) and heat and mass transfer between water spray and hot air. For unsteady-state, droplet-droplet interactions in the water spray are included. It has been found that 2D axisymmetric model is suitable for fast and low-resource consumption numerical calculations and it predicts values of velocity, temperature, and vapor mass fraction in the spray chamber with reasonable accuracy. However, due to its restrictions, 2D axisymmetric model fails to predict asymmetry of flow patterns and presence of the transversal air flow and it cannot provide an actual three-dimensional picture of particle trajectories inside the spray chamber. In the case when the above characteristics are important, the utilization of 3D model is essential.
Shear deformations in calcium silicate hydrates

The calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) gel is the phase that provides cohesive strength to cement. The mechanics of the C–S–H gel at the molecular level is key to the durability of infrastructures made of concrete, controlling for example their macroscopic creep and shrinkage. The existing experimental techniques cannot access the nanostructure and properties of this very heterogeneous phase, and therefore atomistic simulations constitute a valuable alternative. Here we consider two established model systems for the solid part of the C–S–H gel that are representative of perfectly ordered and very disordered molecular structures: crystal tobermorite and glassy C–S–H. Using reactive force field simulations, we calculate elastic properties that match with experimental values from the literature. The analysis of the large deformations under shear indicates that the shear strain localizes preferentially at nanoscale sites that are rich in highly confined water. Implications of our findings for a colloidal description of the C–S–H gel mechanics and for the macroscopic properties of cement are finally discussed.
Manipulating glass for photonics

A generalized concept for local manipulation of three‐dimensional glass materials is described. The basic principle is to use means to deposit energy into the material to enable localized and selective changes in the bond structure of the glass matrix, causing a localized modification of the thermal equilibrium properties of the material. The different regions of the glass will then behave differently when the sample is subsequently heated homogeneously. If the difference in the thermal dynamics between modified and un‐modified regions is significant, thermal treatment of the material can result in a self‐organizing structure. The aim here is to provide a generalized concept of differential systems and self‐organizing structures, using chemical composition Bragg gratings as an example. In this case, differential diffusion results in self‐organizing structures consisting of a variation of the chemical composition, with compositional features smaller than 250 nm. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evaluation of Successful and Failed Filtering Blebs after Trabeculectomy Using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography

Purpose: To evaluate filtering bleb characteristics using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and analyze correlations between these parameters and intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods: The study included 54 eyes of 43 patients who underwent trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C. The patients were divided into two groups based on mean postoperative IOP. The criterion for surgical success was mean unmedicated postoperative IOP ≤18 mmHg. Patients with IOP values >18 mmHg were prescribed anti-glaucoma drops and classified as a surgical failure. All patients underwent AS-OCT, and maximum bleb height, maximum bleb wall thickness, and maximum fluid-filled cavity height were measured. AS-OCT bleb parameters were compared between the successful and failed groups. Results: Of the 54 eyes, 37 (68.5%) were in the successful group, and 17 (31.5%) were in the failed group. Mean preoperative IOP values in the successful and failed groups were 26.9 ± 6.5 mmHg and 22.9 ± 4.9 mmHg, preoperatively, versus postoperative values of 13.3 ± 2.1 mmHg and 22.8 ± 2.8 mmHg, respectively. Mean postoperative follow-up time was 17.4 ± 9.5 months in the successful group and 19.1 ± 10.1 months in the failed group (P = 0.22). In the successful and failed groups, mean bleb height was 1473.7 ± 150.6 μm and 1165.4 ± 217 μm (P < 0.001), bleb wall thickness was 670.5 ± 119.9 μm and 538.8 ± 144.3 μm (P = 0.001), and fluid-filled cavity height was 736.5 ± 196.8 μm versus 532.5 ± 226.2 μm (P = 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that higher AS-OCT values for bleb height, wall thickness, and fluid-filled cavity height were associated with greater functional success. These parameters may be helpful in determining bleb functionality.
Establishment of sexual dimorphism by odontometric analysis of permanent maxillary and mandibular canines

Background: In forensic identification, gender estimation is one of the most important parameters. Being the main component of the masticatory apparatus of the skull, teeth are a good source of material for the civil and medico-legal purpose. Gender estimation using dental features is mainly based on the comparison of tooth dimensions. Aim: This study aims at investigating and analyzing the presence of sexual dimorphism in maxillary and mandibular canine using crown dimensions. Settings and Design: The study sample consisted of a total of 204 subjects. The greatest mesiodistal (MD), labiolingual (LL) diameter, and crown height (CH) of the maxillary and mandibular canines were recorded clinically on the subjects with the help of a Digital Vernier Caliper and tight divider. Statistical Analysis: The data sample was computed using SPSS statistical program, version 21. Discriminant analysis was used to find the dimorphism in canine measurements between males and females. Results: This study revealed that males showed greater mean CH and mesiodistal dimensions for mandibular canine teeth in comparison to females. Out of the four canines, the mesiodistal dimensions of right maxillary and mandibular canines and CH of maxillary left and mandibular right canines were significantly different in males compared to those in females. According to the study, the right mandibular canine and left maxillary canine show highly consistent results for sexual dimorphism. Conclusion: The findings support the usefulness of odontometric analysis of the canine teeth in gender estimation. Therefore, it can be used as an adjunct along with other procedures for gender estimation.
Streaming potential measurements of biosurfaces

A technique based on the measurement of streaming potentials has been developed to evaluate the electrokinetic region of the cell periphery. This approach is feasible for cell lines propagated in in-vitro cell cultures in monolayer form. The advantage of this system is that cells may be evaluated in the living state atttached to a substrate; it is not necessary to subject the cells to enzymatic, chemical, or mechanical trauma required to obtain monodisperse suspensions which are then normally evaluated by microelectrophoresis. In this manner, it should be possible to study the influence of substrate and environmental factors on the charge density and potential at the cell periphery. The apparatus and procedure are described as well as some results concerning the electrokinetic potential of borosilicate capillaries as a function of ionic strength, pH, and temperature. The effect that turbulence and entrance flow conditions have on accurate streaming-potential measurements is discussed. The electrokinetic potential of BALB/c 3T12 fibroblasts has been quantified as a function of pH, ionic strength, glutaraldehyde fixation, and Giemsa staining.
Generalized and Facile Synthesis Approach to N-Doped Highly Graphitic Mesoporous Carbon Materials

The synthesis and characterization of porous graphitic carbon materials via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using various mesoporous silicas including SBA-12, SBA-15, MCM-48, MCM-41, and HMS as solid templates is presented. The use of acetonitrile as carbon precursor generates N-doped carbon (CNx type) materials with nitrogen content of ca. 8 wt %. The N-doped carbon materials exhibit both well-ordered mesoporosity and high levels of graphitic character. The mesostructural ordering and extent of graphitization depend on the CVD (i.e., carbonization) temperature and the nature of the silica template. In general, higher CVD temperatures (>900 °C) generated high levels of graphitic character but compromised the mesostructural ordering of the carbon materials. The mesostructural ordering of the CNx materials (and replication of pore channel ordering from the silica template) depends on the nature of the mesoporous silica used as solid template. We achieved structural replication and high surface area (440−100.
Application of Monte Carlo simulation method to polymerization kinetics over Ziegler–Natta catalysts

In the current work, the Monte Carlo simulation method was applied to ethylene polymerization over Ziegler–Natta catalysts. As expected, polymerization over each center of a Ziegler–Natta catalyst leads to a polymer having a Schultz–Flory molecular weight distribution. Notwithstanding, the total molecular weight distribution obtained by all catalyst centers together is at least twice as broad as that of each center. As another interesting finding, the introduction of hydrogen to the reaction deactivates the catalyst active centers and thereby reduces the catalyst activity. Nevertheless, it does not mainly affect the polymerization kinetics. In addition, the polymer molecular weight falls as hydrogen is added to the reaction since it acts as a strong transfer agent. The same effect is seen when cocatalyst concentration increases. Hydrogen also widens the polymer molecular weight distribution. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 41: 45–56, 2009
Simulation of Single Fibre Wetting

A stationary system composed of a fibre, liquid and air consists of a background for the shape determination of a typical liquid at the liquid-fibre inter-phase. Up to the present, it has not been possible to define this shape by a mathematical function. In this study a differential equation was found and solved analytically, describing the liquid curve at the mentioned interphase in the air-fiber-liquid system. This equation was solved and the result calculated by a numerical method, which were then compared with the experimental data obtained by a measurement technique developed by us. n Introduction The Wilhelmy method is one of the most important for the determination of wetting parameters. It is often used for the determination of liquid surface tension. The principal is based on the use of a thin plate immersed in a test liquid. On both sides of the plate a meniscus is created; the shape and maximum height of the liquid that rise along the plate are given by the Laplace equation. The force acting on the plate immersed in the liquid has the following value (1). F = p γLG cosθ - ρ g A d (1) where, p - plate perimeter, m γLG - surface tension of the liquid, N.m-1 θ - contact wetting angle, deg ρ - liquid density, kg.m-3 A - area of plate base, m-2
Arrhythmia detection and classification using convolutional neural network

Healthcare and Life Sciences are among severely researched domains. With the introduction of computing paradigms and possibility of leveraging computational techniques have opened new research avenues. Heart is one among the most researched organs and the reason being trivial. With the advent of computational paradigms researchers explored ways to measure the electrical activity of the heartbeat which is known as electrocardiogram (ECG). Since then ECG has become one of the most important as well as primary tests to diagnose any irregularities in the functioning of the heart. The availability of the ECG data and possibility of employing deep learning models and their robustness has made researchers venture into leveraging them to elevate the accuracy of the ECG Analysis. To date there exists no end-to-end evaluation model based on deep learning techniques. In our present work, we identify different classes of cardiac rhythm by leveraging single-lead ECG. Our results show a significant improvement in ROC (approx. 0.97). Furthermore, our results demonstrate that we can classify a wide spectrum of arrhythmias using Deep Learning Techniques which are comparable to that of cardiologists. This approach can be used to minimize the component of human misdiagnose and help improve the quality of cardiac care.
Intermi ent demand forecas ng for aircra inventories: a study of Brazilian’s Boeing 737NG aircra ́s spare parts management

Recebido: 27 de fevereiro de 2018 Aceito para publicação: 25 de setembro de 2018 Publicado: 31 de agosto de 2019 Editor de área: Anderson Ribeiro Correia ABSTRACT This paper aims to compare and evaluate five different methods for predic ng intermittent demand using spare parts recorded series of the 737 Next Genera on aircra , manufactured by Boeing, of the largest Brazilian air fleet managed by VRG Airline Company S/A. The Winter, Croston, Single Exponen al Smoothing, Weight Moving Average and Poisson Distribu on Methods were tested on a history data of 53 spare parts, and each one has a demand history of thirty-six months (January 2013 to December 2015). The results showed that the Weight Moving Average, Poisson Distribu on and Croston methods presented the best adjustments. Also, it was observed that most of the demands for spare parts presented a smooth pa ern unlike the result obtained by the study of Ghobbar and Friend (2003) that presented a lumpy pa ern. On the other hand, it showed that the Winter Method presented the worst adjustment in both studies. It was possible, therefore, to conclude that Weight Moving Average and Poisson Distribu on methods are the most suitable to evaluate the intermi ent demand for the VRG Airline Company S/A case.
Ground or Whole Wheat and Triticale on Productive

The important part of feed ingredients as a main source of energy is related to corn in the poultry diet. In Iran, corn production does not provide all feed requirements, so it must be imported. Corn price is increasing because of the limited world yield in covering the demands for both humans and livestock and using part of corn yield in the production of bio-ethanol. Due to limitation corn crop in Iran, approximately 50% of the corn required for poultry nutrition is supplied through the imports. Wheat is also a major feed ingredient in poultry diets and is available in almost all countries of the world. Triticale is more resistant to various diseases and dry weather. Thus, both wheat and triticale have been successfully grown under Iranian conditions (Chizari and Hajiheidary, 2010). The main non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) constituent in the endosperm cell walls of triticale is pentosan with some β-glucan, as in wheat and rye (Engberg et al. 2004). These compounds reduce the nutritive value by increasing gut viscosity and thus reducThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of ground or whole wheat and triticale on productive performance, egg quality, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) traits and nutrient digestibility in laying Japanese quails. A total of 210 laying Japanese quails at 18 to 26 weeks of age were used. The experiment was designed as a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement with five treatments: a control diet was based on corn and soybean meal, two grain sources (wheat and triticale) and two physical forms of grain (ground and whole). Each treatment was replicated 6 times and the experimental unit was a cage with 7 birds each. Egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio were not affected by grain source, except for the average daily feed intake (ADFI), which was decreased by triticale but not wheat (P=0513). Average daily feed intake and egg production were higher in the group fed with whole grain versus the group fed with ground grain (P<0.05). Yolk color decreased by wheat or triticale compared with the control group (P<0.05). Relative weights of the liver, proventriculus, pancreas, gizzard and cecum were not affected by any of the treatments. The pH of the jejunum (P=0.0014), cecum (P<0.05), and intestinal viscosity increased (P<0.001) by feeding whole than ground grain. Dry matter digestibility (P<0.01), decreased by triticale but not wheat (P<0.05). In conclusion, ground triticale inclusion in the diet had a negative effect on ADFI, egg production and nutrient digestibility but feeding whole grain improved the productive performance and dry matter digestibility in laying quails.