Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nomographs for Kinematics, Statics and Power Flow Analysis of Epicyclic Gear Trains

A new methodology for constructing multi-axes nomographs is developed. Using this methodology, a unified general formulation for computing velocities and torques of any epicyclic-type transmission train is presented. To demonstrate and apply the new technique, Ravigneaux automatic transmission is used to show how the velocities, the torques and the power flow through the train can be simultaneously visualized on a single nomograph. The present methodology is judged to be more efficient than other methods and than the three-ax nomograph methodology. Using this methodology an innovative design of two-input transmission with only one electric motor/generator (MG) and without any rotating clutches is presented. The proposed design provides some of the benefits and flexibility of a power-split design by using the conventionally available Ravigneaux gear train in a simpler mechanical layout which makes the design compact, mechanically simple, and operationally flexible.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Application of Multi-Objective Artificial Immune Optimal Algorithm in the Elevator Group Control System

With the development of the electronic technology, people have proposed higher requirements for the service quality on elevator, and the optimal elevator dispatching has developed a typical multi-objective optimal process. This paper analyzes both the advantages and the disadvantages of artificial immune algorithm and gradient descent algorithm, optimizes artificial immune algorithm, then proposes a novel optimal hybrid algorithm; at the same time, uses this hybrid algorithm in the elevator group control system combined with Pareto solution set. Making a comparison between the hybrid algorithm and the standard artificial immune algorithm, it’s clear that this hybrid algorithm has certain feasibility and superiority, and to some extent, has improved the overall performance and service quality of the elevator group control system. This paper has provided a new method and a new thought on determination of the multi-objective weighted values in the elevator group control system.
Estimating job runtime for CMS analysis jobs

The basic premise of pilot systems is to create an overlay scheduling system on top of leased resources. And by definition, leases have a limited lifetime, so any job that is scheduled on such resources must finish before the lease is over, or it will be killed and all the computation is wasted. In order to effectively schedule jobs to resources, the pilot system thus requires the expected runtime of the users' jobs. Past studies have shown that relying on user provided estimates is not a valid strategy, so the system should try to make an estimate by itself. This paper provides a study of the historical data obtained from the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment's Analysis Operations submission system. Clear patterns are observed, suggesting that making prediction of an expected job lifetime range is achievable with high confidence level in this environment.
Research and Simulation on Optimization of Phase Noise in Crystal Oscillators

The methods to reduce phase noise of crystal oscillators based on Leeson model are presented in the paper. According to analysis of Leeson formula, phase noise has a direct relation with noise factor, corner frequency and loaded quality factor. It can be seen that optimization of phase noise can be realized form these three aspects. The feasibility of these methods to reduce phase noise is analyzed. Based on the method of reducing phase noise by improving loaded quality factor, calculation of loaded quality factor is carried out and phase noise of a Butler crystal oscillator is simulated by the Agilent Advanced Design System (ADS). The simulation results prove that this method to reduce phase noise based on improving loaded quality factor is feasible and effective.
FlexPicker with PickMaster revolutionizes picking operations

For many years, ABB has been setting the standard for flexible automation in a wide range of industries. Combining pace with precision, the IRB 340 FlexPicker, for example, is opening up new markets as it drastically reduces the cost of pick and place operations. A range of refinements, including a brand new software package dubbed PickMaster, a wash‐down version of the IRB 340 robot and an upgraded controller for unparalleled speed and motion control, now give FlexPicker even more robotic muscle.
A Method of Hand Signal Segmentation Based on YCbCr Space and Background Difference

This paper proposes a method of segmentation of hand signal, based on the skin color model in YCbCr space and background subtraction under complex background. This paper discussed the reasonable threshold selection of Cb, Cr in the skin color model and the segmentation selection of skin area combining the background segmentation. Finally, an inequality of hands outline feature is proposed to complete the division processing of the palm part of the area of skin. Experiments show the accurate segmentation of gesture under a complex static background.
Unbiased converted measurements for tracking

The exact compensation for the bias in the classical polar-to-Cartesian conversion is shown to be multiplicative and to depend on the statistics of the cosine of the angle measurement errors. An unbiased conversion is presented. A comparison between this unbiased conversion and the previously presented debiased conversion is made. The unbiased spherical-to-Cartesian conversion is also presented and evaluated.
Visual Reconstruction and Optimization of Real Workplace on the Base of Spatial Digitisation

This article provides perspective into creation of virtual 3D model of existing robotic workcell to optimize productive process and save space. Separate parts of the paper describe the process of creation of the environment with the usage of an alternative scanning device, namely Kinect in combination with various software applications. This alternative offers scans of environment and components surfaces that are from the viewpoint of precision and quality comparable with much more expensive devices but based only on open source elements.
Strategy for structural identification of highway bridges

The University of Melbourne in collaboration with VicRoads, the road and bridge authority in the state of Victoria, has performed a series of static and dynamic tests to evaluate the in-service condition of a number of bridges of different design. From this experience, a strategy for a routine bridge testing procedure has emerged, the presentation of which is the main subject of this paper. The strategy presented involves the selective use of the following methods and techniques: 1) Measurements: vibration response to ambient/traffic excitation, Modal Testing using impact deices and/or shakers. 2) Modal parameter estimation from experimental measurements. 3) FEM modeling: development of generic parametric FEM models of standard/typical designs, and special models. 4) Correlating FEM models and experimental results: updating FEM model parameters, identification of bridge support conditions, estimation of effective stiffness of aged materials and structural elements. 5) Detection of structural faults: simple methods and advanced techniques if required. 6) Prediction of bridge load carrying capacity using verified FEM model: use in re- rating bridges and as a basis or a substitute for proof load testing. The outline of the strategy together with a brief description of the elements above is given. The motivation for the work presented in this paper was to select the state of the art engineering tools to assist relevant authorities in the decision processes necessary for implementing a cost- effective maintenance and replacement policy for the ageing bridge stock.
Performance measurement for new product development: a model based on total costs

The modern market is characterized by consumer demand for quality products (at lower prices), reduced time to market, and cost-savings pressures on manufacturers. To survive in this competitive environment, enterprises must be able to manage and measure their performance with respect to new product development (NPD). This paper presents a cost-effective performance-measurement system for NPD. The model is based on the concept of total-costs analysis. This provides a transparent statistical model that assists management and employees to understand the importance of doing things right the first time. The model incorporates the interactions among NPD teams, manufacturing teams, and customers. It also integrates the results of instances of poor quality at various stages of the NPD process, including: (1) development; (2) manufacturing (the internal customer's perspective); and (3) external customers. A total-costs analysis is thus developed and utilized in planning and establishing a measurement system for NPD performance. The model can be used to satisfy both internal and external customers, and to ensure optimal value for investment in NPD teams.
Vibration Measurement and Fault Diagnosis System for Experimental Teaching

Based on LabVIEW, vibration measurement and diagnosis system of equipment was developed for experimental teaching. On the platform, vibration signals from running equipment can be sampled, displayed, stored, and analyzed in time domain, frequency domain and time-frequency domain. The advanced signal processing technology such as power spectrum analysis, cepstrum analysis, demodulation analysis can also be executed. Using pattern recognition technology, the processed signals can be integrated for intelligent diagnosis of equipment state. The experimental system is helpful for students to learn signal processing methods, and to design virtual instrument.
Early detection of gear failure by vibration analysis--ii. interpretation of the time-frequency distribution using image processing techniques

Abstract A system is described which uses image processing techniques to assist in the automatic interpretation of gear vibration signatures for early failure detection and fault diagnosis. The vibration signature of an individual gear in a gearbox is extracted by the time domain synchronous averaging technique from the total vibration signal measured on the gearbox casing. The time-frequency distribution of the gear vibration signature, determined from the spectrogram, is treated as an image, and the early failure detection and fault diagnosis are performed by interpreting the patterns in the image by the procedures of segmentation, connectivity analysis and feature extraction. The implementation of the technique, the criteria for analysis of the image, and experimental examples are described.
Proteomic Analysis: Explosive Salt Accumulation in Leaves of Morus alba L. under Salt Stress

The salt tolerance of glycophytes is thought to be related to their ability to restrict sodium access to their aboveground parts. A previous study on the mulberry (Morus alba L.) revealed a phenomenon of explosive salt accumulation in the leaves after exceeding a certain treatment concentration. Here, we aim to observe the internal state of mulberry seedlings under salt stress by the proteomic method and to identify the possible inducements associated with salt bursts. In this study, the target treatments for TMT-label free quantitative analyses were determined by measuring the sodium content in the roots and leaves. The results showed that the expressions of proteins classified as “plant hormones”, “ion channels”, “REDOX homeostasis”, “cytoskeleton” and “cell wall” changed significantly after salt bursts. This phenotype is associated with the destruction of the apoplast, in which the assembly of the Casparian strip may be affected by the inhibition of some key proteins, indirectly increasing the rate of ion migration through the endodermis into the shoots.
Characteristics and Consideration of Required Sweat Rate Standard of the Previous ISO 7933

It is important to understand the applicable conditions and characteristics of thermal indices for their proper application. In this paper, the characteristics of the required sweat rate of the previous ISO 7933 standard are investigated from the viewpoints of the thermal physiology and thermal equilibrium of the human body. A linear multiple regression formula used for the prediction of skin temperatures is not always consistent with the relation between the thermal physiological states and sweat secretion in the human body. With the decrease in the sweat efficiency brought about by hot and humid conditions, an error in the evaluation of skin temperature leads to a larger error in operative temperature according to the previous ISO 7933. In order to compensate for this error, this paper suggests that both the skin temperature and sweat rate should be evaluated based on the thermal equilibrium of the human body and the relationship between the thermoregulatory system and thermal physiological states. In order to create a new hot environmental index based on the previous ISO 7933 standard, which uses heat storage and dehydration as parameters for evaluation, the authors present an example of such evaluation methods. In this example, sweat secretion corresponds with the rise in skin temperature.
Morrison's QUBIK Inertial Measurement Unit

A new inertial system, “the QUBIK IMU,” uses a single sensor to provide all six output signals (three linear and three angular). The sensor is a cubic design with parallel orthogonal linear arrays of capacitors and magnetic suspension elements arranged on a selected plane for each axis of motion. A corresponding set of capacitors and magnetic suspension elements is located on the interior surface of a cubic outer assembly. The IMU has six electronic servo control circuits that process outputs from variable capacitor elements and apply magnetic forces on certain locations on the cube to keep it “centralized” in the cubic cavity. When linear and/or angular motion occurs, the restoring signals maintain the cube's position in the cavity. The level and locations of the magnetic forces on the cube are processed by a computer using a Kalman filter. Working models of the QUBIK IMU have been built, tested, and analyzed to verify its envelope capabilities. Patent No. 4711125 was issued for this device by the U.S. Patent Office in December, 1987.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SCOURING DOWNSTREAM OF WEIRS

This paper is presents the experimental study of the scour processes downstream of weirs. The research was carried out in the physical model of Santa Maria Dam, in the hydraulic laboratory of the Mexican Institute of Water Technology (IMTA). The dam has two spillways designed for a T r = 10,000 years, the Spillway 1 has a discharge of 10,078.33 m 3 /s and the Spillway 2 of 6,882.76 m 3 /s. The tests were performed for two soil type conditions; non-cohesive soil and cohesive soil. As a non-cohesive material, a gravel ¾” and ¼" diameter was deposited in the discharge area. For the cohesive material, a mixture of gravel of ¾”and ¼" diameter, gypsum and cement distributed in 3 layers representing the residual soil, fractured rock and healthy rock was applied. The prediction of the scour (Y s ) was done with the empirical equations recompiled from the literature from 1932 to 2013. The experimental results showed the geometry of the scour, and the profiles of the scouring process. An analysis was made comparing the behavior of the scour in the physical model with the results of empirical equations. For the scour depth two new equations were proposed for non-cohesive and cohesive bed material.
Effect of comb-type copolymer on crystallization of paraffin from waxy oils and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) -toluene dewaxing

Abstract In this research, maleic anhydride-α-octadecene copolymer and its derivative with phenylethylamine was synthesized and its effect on the crystallization of paraffins was investigated. This derivative, when added into second cut of vacuum gas oil and forth cut of vacuum gas oil, increases the size and improves aggregation of paraffin crystals observed by polarizing light microscopy, increases onset temperature and enthalpy of paraffin crystallization determined by differential scanning calorimetry, improves the dewaxing efficiency with dosage of 100 ppm explored by MEK-toluene dewaxing.
Whole-spacecraft vibration isolation system for the GFO/Taurus mission

A whole-spacecraft isolation system for the GFO/Taurus mission was designed, fabricated, tested, and subsequently flown on February 10, 1998. This isolation system was designed to reduce dynamic responses on the GFO spacecraft caused by the resonant burn dynamic load introduced by the Castor 120 solid rocket motor. Longitudinal (flight direction) response of the GFO spacecraft center of gravity, due to the resonant burn load, was reduced by a factor of seven. The isolation system design was very nonintrusive to existing hardware, lightweight, and effective. Flight data indicates that the isolation system performed as designed. The GFO spacecraft had a successful launch and is currently operational on-orbit. A second flight of this type of isolation system occurred in October 1998. Similar isolation systems are planned for other flights in 1999 and 2000. This whole-spacecraft isolation technology was highly successful for the GFO/Taurus mission.
Failure Prediction Analysis on the 172 Basic Plane Based on Grey Theory

172 basic Cessna plane in the process of operation, the production of equipment failure is random, so the evaluation of equipment performance and to predict its failure time to improve the safe operation of the 172 basic plane has important application value. On the plane this complex system, the grey theory combined with 172 basic Cessna plane, the collection of 172 basic aircraft fault information centralized data processing, analysis, prediction model GM (1, 1), through the calculation of the GM model data, and the error precision fitting test, better realize the basic 172 aircraft equipment failure time prediction.
1.6.2 Generic Approach for Systems Design Optimization in MBSE 1

The complexity of contemporary systems causes Systems Engineers great pains during early architectural design phases. Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) proposes methodologies to deal with complexity and streamline design processes, but the penetration of the new approach is slow. This paper proposes a generic SysML based methodology for improving the Architectural Design phase of Systems and mitigate the barriers for MBSE adoption. The proposed methodology suggests an alternative way to formalize requirements, define design alternatives, automate design space exploration and examine optimization results in the original modeling format. A representative example is provided. A glossary is included at the end of the paper.
Low‐power Ka band injection‐locked frequency dividers using distributed LC tanks

This article presents low‐power injection‐locked frequency dividers (ILFD) operating in the Ka band. To achieve low‐power operation, we use two circuit techniques to reduce the effects of the capacitance and resistance. To achieve a high oscillation frequency by reducing the effective capacitance, a distributed LC tank with a split auxiliary negative‐gm cell is used. To achieve a high loop gain for a given power, we reduce the gate resistance by modifying the foundry‐provided transistor layout. Two versions of the divider, which have different inductor implementations, are fabricated in 1‐poly 9‐metal 65‐nm low‐power RFCMOS. When biased at 1 V and 1 mA, the ILFD shows successful injection locking at 34 GHz with −35 dBm input power. When biased at 1.2 V and 3 mA, the input frequency ranges from 32.3 to 34.6 GHz at 5 dBm input power. Good phase noise spectral density of −126.6 and −132.0 dBc/Hz at a 1‐MHz offset is achieved. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1379–1383, 2015
Five-axis flank milling of impellers: Optimal geometry of a conical tool considering stiffness and geometric constraints

Based on the Rayleigh–Ritz method, this article proposes an indicator to quantify the stiffness of a conical cutter for flank milling of impellers. Its validity is verified by the finite element analysis. A mathematical model is then developed to optimize the geometry of the conical cutter. The objective is to improve the stiffness of the cutter. Three kinds of geometric constraints are considered. First, the ball end of the cutter should be tangential to the hub surface. Second, the cutter should be interference-free with the adjacent blade. Finally, the machining error should satisfy the precision requirements. All these geometric constraints are characterized by the signed point-to-surface distance function. Based on the differential property of the distance function, a sequential linear programming method is applied to obtain the optimal geometry of the cutter along with the tool path. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm.
Genetic Background of Micellar and Soluble Calcium and Phosphorus Predicted From Bovine Milk Mid-infrared Spectra 

BackgroundMid-infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) is a valuable tool to determine milk composition and quality, and to collect data at population level. In milk, Ca and P are partitioned between micellar (MP) and soluble phase (SP), both with important effects on milk coagulation properties; in particular, greater mineral content in MP translates into better milk coagulation ability. Nevertheless, the high analytic costs of gold standard quantification methods hamper the possibility to deepen partition of minerals in MP and SP on a large scale. In this study, MP and SP of Ca and P were predicted from mid-infrared spectra of 111,653 individual milk samples from 9,519 Italian Holstein cows. Sources of non-genetic variation for MP and SP of Ca and P were investigated, and their genetic associations with milk yield, quality and coagulation properties were estimated.ResultsThe MP of Ca and P decreased with parity but increased along the lactation, resembling the trend of protein content. Both MP and SP of Ca and P showed exploitable genetic variation and were heritable, and they were associated with traits of interest for the dairy industry, in particular milk yield and protein content. Furthermore, negative correlations between the two phases of the same mineral were estimated. The MP was negatively related to milk yield.ConclusionsThe MP and SP of the same mineral are negatively correlated, meaning that it is possible to improve mineral partition toward MP, in order to get milk with better technological properties. The current selection index of Italian Holstein breed gives positive emphasis on milk protein (content and yield) and thus it is indirectly improving the MP of Ca and P while reducing their SP content. Future research will focus on the genomic architecture of such traits to evaluate the role of potential specific genes in the determination of these mineral fractions in cow milk.
Bioremediation of Chlorpyrifos Insecticide by using Aeromonas Hydrophila Bacteria

Several bacteria species may have the ability to degrade and digest soundly the residuals of certain insecticide with causing any deteriorated consequences. This work was designed to examine the ability of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria for biodegrading of chlorpyrifos insecticide from contaminated soil. However, soil sample was collected from home garden at depth of 10 cm while the chlorpyrifos insecticide was obtained from the local market. Meanwhile Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria were isolated from the garden soil. The bacterial cultural media were prepared to consist of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 (1g), NaCl (6g ), K 2 HPO 4 (0.5g), yeast extract (1g ), MgSO 4 (0.1g) and CMC (5g). This work has examined the efficiency of A. hydrophila bacteria to remove insecticide from the soil under various growing conditions such as five different pH values, five termperature degrees and four insecticide concentrations. The obtained results showed that the highest bacterial efficiency (98.0 ± 7.8%) was recorded as pH value of 6 and it was 91.1 ± 6.0% at temperature of 40 ° C while it was 99.1 ± 6.8 % at insecticide concentration of 25 ppm.