Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-term Outcomes of Firearm Injury Survivors in the United States

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Summary Background/Objective: To describe the current literature regarding long-term physical, mental, and social outcomes of firearm injury survivors in the United States. Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase databases for articles published from 2013 to 2019 that involved survivors of acute physical traumatic injury aged 18 or older and reported health outcomes between 6 months and 10 years postinjury. Out of 747 articles identified, seven reported outcomes on United States-based civilian patients whose mechanism of injury involved firearms. We extended our publication date criteria from 1995 to 2020 and expanded the search strategy to include medical subject headings terms specific for firearm injury outcomes. Ultimately, ten articles met inclusion criteria. Results: When studied, a significant proportion of patients surviving firearm injury screened positive for posttraumatic stress disorder (49%–60%) or were readmitted (13%–26%) within 6 months postinjury. Most studies reported worse long-term outcomes for firearm injury survivors when compared both to similarly injured motor vehicle collision survivors and to the United States general population, including increased chronic pain, new functional limitations, and reduced physical health composite scores. Studies also reported high rates of posttraumatic stress disorder, reduced mental health composite scores, lower employment and return to work rates, poor social functioning, increased alcohol, and substance abuse. Conclusions: Research on the long-term health impact of firearm injury is scant, and heterogeneity in available studies limits the ability to fully characterize the outcomes among these patients. A better understanding of the long-term health impact of firearm injury would support systematic change in policy and patient care to improve outcomes.
Teacher talk of praises in English classroom interaction

This study was conducted at International Elementary School of Bunga Matahari to find out the type of teacher talk in English classroom interactions and the students’ responses on teacher talk of praises. The descriptive qualitative design was applied and aimed to analyze the types of talk employed by the teacher in the classroom interaction based on FIACSystem presented by Flanders (1970). The data were analyzed using an interaction model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2013) et al. and focused on the teacher and student talk in ICP class. This research employed observation through video recording in order to reach the objectives of this study. The participant in this study were 45 students with 15 students in each class and 3 English teachers. The results showed that by analyzing responses of transcription from the observation, the teacher talk of giving praises is approximately less, giving direction dominates the teacher talk category that consists of direct influence of teacher talk. In addition, the students’ response was dominantly toward teacher talk of praises.
Inflation Targeting Regimes in Emerging Market Economies: To Invest or Not to Invest?

We propose a stochastic learning rule through an Agent-based Model (ABM) to understand how emerging market economies (EMEs) can achieve high levels of investment, given the announced inflation target rate. The central banks act as a pseudo-player, choosing between the pursued target inflation rate or a negative inflation rate. By taking this action as given, bounded-rational firms and workers iteratively play a two-population well-mixed evolutionary game to make investment decisions. Our findings show that when inflation converges to its target, less the central planners' effort to reach the steady-state with investment coordination. When central banks target a negative inflation rate, it can speed up the EMEs' convergence to a steady-state with agents coordinating their investment strategies. It shed some light on central banks' transparency and credibility to avoid the so-called debt-deflation spiral, which typically increases the uncertainty in EMEs, limiting the investments in the economy.
Going Green and Failing: Evidence from Propensity Score Matching on Types of Eco-Innovations and Project Failure

This paper examines, for the first time, the impact of firms’ pursuit of eco-innovation upon the failure of innovation projects. The empirical analysis employs propensity score matching to account for endogeneity and unobserved firm heterogeneity using Spanish firm-level data during the 2008-2016 period. We find that eco-innovation increases firms’ exposure to failure. Also, we find that the likelihood of innovation failure differs across types of eco-innovations and phases of the innovation process. Our results suggest that eco-process innovators that improve the efficiency of materials are more likely to fail during the implementation phase, whereas eco-product innovators that develop new green products are more likely to fail at the conception phase.
Research Chinese-Urdu Machine Translation Based on Deep Learning

Urdu is Pakistan 's national language. However, Chinese expertise is very negligible in Pakistan and the Asian nations. Yet fewer research has been undertaken in the area of computer translation on Chinese to Urdu. In order to solve the above problems, we designed of an electronic dictionary for Chinese-Urdu, and studied the sentence-level machine translation technology which is based on deep learning. The Design of an electronic dictionary Chinese-Urdu machine translation system we collected and constructed an electronic dictionary containing 24000 entries from Chinese to Urdu. For Sentence we used English as an intermediate language, and based on the existing parallel corpus of Chinese to English and English to Urdu, we constructed a bilingual parallel corpus containing 66000 sentences from Chinese to Urdu. The Corpus has trained by using two NMT Models (LSTM,Transformer Model) and the above two translation model were compared to the desired translation, with the help of bilingual valuation understudy (BLEU) score. On NMT, The LSTM Model is gain of 0.067 to 0.41 in BLEU score while on Transformer model, there is gain of 0.077 to 0.52 in BLEU which is better than from LSTM Model score. Furthermore, we compared the proposed model with Google and Microsoft translation.
Large-Mode-Area Multi-Resonant All-Solid Photonic Bandgap Fiber with Low Bending Loss and Robust Single-Mode Operation

In this paper, we have theoretically and experimentally demonstrated a novel large-mode-area multi-resonant all-solid photonic bandgap fiber (AS-PBGF). Based on the combination of the multi-resonant structure and leakage channel, the structural parameters are specifically designed for conventional applications of fiber lasers around 1 μm wavelength. Through the stack and draw technique, the fiber is fabricated successfully and the hexagon core is measured to be 46 μm in the corner-to-corner direction. The transmission spectrum exhibits a broad bandwidth from 970 nm to 1180 nm in the 3rd photonic bandgap (PBG). Bending loss lower than 0.1 dB/m with a 5-m-length fiber is obtained in the case of bending radius R > 25 cm. By employing the spatially and spectrally resolved imaging (S2) method, robust single-mode (SM) operation of the fiber is verified within the whole PBG. In addition, we also report a phenomenon about the abnormal variation of M2 within the low loss region of the 3rd PBG. The evolution of beam quality within the 3rd PBG appears as a U-shaped curve rather than a constant. Based on the measured M2 and S2 results, a preliminary conclusion about the relationship between the beam quality and SM characteristics in AS-PBGF, which is quite different from that in conventional SIFs, is demonstrated experimentally for the first time.
Accuracy of BIS monitoring using a novel interface device connecting conventional needle-electrodes and BIS sensors during frontal neurosurgical procedures

Background Bispectral index (BIS) monitoring is a widely used non-invasive method to monitor the depth of anesthesia. However, in the event of surgeries requiring a frontal approach, placement of the electrode may be impossible at the designated area to achieve a proper BIS measurement. Methods We developed an investigational interface device to connect needle-electrodes to BIS sensors. The safety and clinical performance were investigated in patients who underwent surgery. Direct BIS values from a disposable BIS electrode and indirect values via the interface device were simultaneously recorded from the same areas of electrode placement in a single patient. The agreement between the direct and indirect BIS values was statistically analyzed. Results The interface device with a silver electrode demonstrated sufficient electric conduction to transmit electroencephalogram signals. The overall BIS curves were similar to those of direct BIS monitoring. Direct and indirect BIS values from 18 patients were statistically analyzed using a linear mixed model and a significant concordance was confirmed (indirect BIS = 7.0405 + 0.8286 * direct BIS, p<0.0001). Most observed data (2582/2787 data points, 92.64%) had BIS unit differences of 10 or less. Conclusions The interface device provides an opportunity for intraoperative BIS monitoring of patients, whose clinical situation does not permit the placement of conventional adhesive sensors at the standard location.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Artemia salina Leach, 1819 (Crustacea: Anostraca)

Abstract In the study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Artemia salina was reported for the first time. The mitochondrial genome of A. salina is 15,762 bp in length, with the typical structure of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and two ribosomal RNA genes, and a major non-coding region (CR). Phylogenetic analysis showed that A. salina has a much closer relationship with A. persimilis compared to other Artemia species. The complete cp genome sequence of A. salina reported here provided an essential resource for further population genetics research and germplasm conservation on Artemia.
Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Salvia trijuga Diels (Lamiaceae)

Abstract The complete cp genome of Salvia trijuga Diels was 151,345 bp in length, including a large single-copy region (LSC) of 82,577 bp, a small single-copy region (SSC) of 17,584 bp and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 25,592 bp. The genome contained 132 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The overall GC content of this genome was 37.9%, with the corresponding values of LSC, SSC and IR regions being 36.0%, 31.7% and 43.1%, respectively. Further, the phylogenomic analysis strongly supported the sister relationship of Salvia trijuga and Salvia plebeia R. Br.
Sex differences in post-traumatic stress disorder in a high adversity cohort of South African adolescents: an examination of depressive symptoms, age, and trauma type as explanatory factors

ABSTRACT Background: Evidence from high-income countries (HICs) has documented a higher rate of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in females than males. However, data are limited on sex differences in PTSD from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), despite particularly high levels of trauma experienced by LMIC youth. Objectives: In a sample of adolescents from an impoverished South African community, we examined sex differences in PTSD, as well as co-occurring depression, adolescent age, and the type and extent of trauma exposure as potential contributors to female vulnerability. Methods: Participants were recruited from high schools in the Khayelitsha area of Cape Town. Self-reported trauma exposure, PTSD and depressive symptoms were measured in 797 adolescents (62% female) aged 13–17 years. Poisson regressions were used to examine Risk Ratios (RR) based on probable PTSD diagnoses, and linear regressions were applied to assess posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) severity. Results: 92% of adolescents reported trauma exposure, of whom 28% had probable PTSD. Prevalence of PTSD was higher for females than for males, even when controlling for total trauma exposure (RR = 1.71, p < .001) and co-occurring depressive symptoms (RR = 1.45, p = .005). By contrast, sex differences in depression were eliminated after controlling for co-occurring PTSS. There was little evidence of age effects on the emergence of sex differences. At lower thresholds of interpersonal trauma, females showed higher levels of PTSS compared to males, but no sex differences were found at high levels of exposure. Conclusion: Higher PTSD rates are observed in adolescent females in a high adversity-LMIC sample suggesting sex differences are robust across international contexts. Sex differences in PTSD are unlikely to be explained by co-occurring depression and in this context sex differences in depression may be secondary to trauma and PTSD. However, exposure to significant interpersonal trauma appears to overrule any specific female vulnerability. HIGHLIGHTS Sex differences in post-traumatic stress disorder are observed in adolescence from a high-adversity LMIC. Greater female risk occurs even when adjusting for trauma exposure and depressive symptoms. Females also show greater vulnerability to lower thresholds of interpersonal trauma.
Complete mitochondrial genome of Ricania shantungensis Chou & Lu, 1977 (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae)

Abstract Ricania shantungensis Chou & Lu, 1977 (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae), is an invasive pest that attacks forest as well as agricultural trees. We sequenced the 15,358 bp long complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of this species; it consists of a typical set of genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes) and one major non-coding AT-rich region. The orientation and gene order of the R. shantungensis mitogenome are identical to that of the ancestral type found in majority of the insects. Bayesian inference (BI) phylogeny placed the R. shantungensis examined in our study, together with Ricania spp. in a group with the highest nodal support, forming the family Ricaniidae to which R. shantungensis belongs.
Mortality in association with antipsychotic medication use and clinical outcomes among geriatric psychiatry outpatients with COVID-19

Objectives Older adults are particularly vulnerable to the negative consequences of antipsychotic exposure and are disproportionally affected by higher mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our goal was to determine whether concurrent antipsychotic medication use was associated with increased COVID-19 mortality in older patients with preexisting behavioral health problems. We also report on findings from post-COVID follow-ups. Design Retrospective observational study. Participants Outpatients at a geriatric psychiatric clinic in New York City. Measurements Demographic and clinical data including medication, diagnosis and Clinical Global Impression Severity (CGI-S) scales on outpatients who had COVID-19 between February 28th and October 1st 2020 were extracted from the electronic health records (EHR) from the hospital. Results A total of 56 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 (mean age 76 years; median age 75 years) and 13 (23.2%) died. We found an increased mortality risk for patients who were prescribed at least one antipsychotic medication at the time of COVID-19 infection (Fisher’s exact test P = 0.009, OR = 11.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.4–96.0). This result remains significant after adjusting for age, gender, housing context and dementia (Logistic regression P = 0.035, Beta = 2.4). Furthermore, we found that most patients who survived COVID-19 (88.4%) recovered to pre-COVID baseline in terms of psychiatric symptoms. Comparison of pre- and post-COVID assessments of CGI-S for 33 patients who recovered from COVID-19 were not significantly different. Conclusion We observed a higher COVID-19 mortality associated with concurrent antipsychotics use in older patients receiving behavioral health services. The majority of patients in our geriatric clinic who recovered from COVID-19 appeared to return to their pre-COVID psychiatric function. More precise estimates of the risk associated with antipsychotic treatment in older patients with COVID-19 and other underlying factors will come from larger datasets and meta-analyses.
Dietary inulin supplementation modulates the composition and activities of carbohydrate-metabolizing organisms in the cecal microbiota of broiler chickens

Inulin is a highly effective prebiotic and an attractive alternative to antibiotic growth promoters for increasing production and maintaining health in chickens. However, how inulin elicits its effects on members of the intestinal microbiota is unknown, even though their importance for energy metabolism and the health of chickens is well documented. A combination of 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing and transcriptomic analysis was used to investigate the effects of supplementing a corn-based basal diet with 1, 2, or 4% inulin or 400 ppm bacitracin on the composition, diversity and activities of carbohydrate-metabolizing organisms (CMOs) in the cecal microbiota of broiler chickens. We found that members of Bacteroides were the most abundant non-starch degrading CMOs, contributing 43.6–52.1% of total glycoside hydrolase genes and 34.6–47.1% activity to the meta-transcriptomes of chickens in the different dietary groups, although members of Parabacteroides, Prevotella, Alistipes, Clostridium, Barnesiella, Blastocystis, Faecalibacterium and others were also actively involved. Inulin and bacitracin inclusion in the basal diet did not change significantly the composition or diversity of these CMOs. Inulin supplementation at three levels promoted the activities of Bacteroides, Prevotella and Bifidobacterium, and 2% level appears to be the most optimal dosage for bifidobacterial activity.
Acquisitions and Organizational Purpose

This study explores the relationship between boundary decisions and the sense of purpose within firms. Using data from approximately 1.6 million employees and 831 acquisitions, we find that purpose is substantially weaker in companies in the three years following a transaction. This relationship is particularly pronounced when information asymmetry is high, specifically when disclosed rationales use non-specific language or represent unique industry combinations. Moreover, this weakened purpose has implications for the performance of the transaction. Unique transactions are met with outsized market returns upon announcement, consistent with market perception of the strategic value of uniqueness. However, they do not outperform over the long run. Only unique transactions that simultaneously sustain strong purpose ultimately outperform. Altogether, our evidence suggests a possible tension between strategic and motivational implications of firm boundaries: while firms benefit strategically from uniqueness, it may also erode the sense of purpose within firms, with implications for downstream performance.
Simplified Pediatric Index of Mortality 3 Score by Explainable Machine Learning Algorithm

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. OBJECTIVES: Pediatric Index of Mortality 3 is a validated tool including 11 variables for the assessment of mortality risk in PICU patients. With the recent advances in explainable machine learning algorithms, we aimed to assess feasibility of application of these machine learning models to simplify the Pediatric Index of Mortality 3 scoring system in order to decrease time and labor required for data collection and entry for Pediatric Index of Mortality 3. DESIGN: Single-center, retrospective cohort study. Data from the Virtual Pediatric Systems for patients admitted to Cleveland Clinic Children`s PICU between January 2008 and December 2019 was obtained. Light Gradient Boosting Machine Regressor (a gradient boosting decision tree algorithm) was used for building the machine learning models. Variable importance was analyzed by SHapley Additive exPlanations. All of the 11 Pediatric Index of Mortality 3 variables were used as input variables in the machine learning models to predict Pediatric Index of Mortality 3 risk of mortality as the outcome variable. Mean absolute error, root mean squared error, and R-squared were calculated for each of the 11 machine learning models as model performance parameters. SETTING: Quaternary children’s hospital. PATIENTS: PICU patients. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Five-thousand sixty-eight patients were analyzed. The machine learning models were able to maintain similar predictive error until the number of input variables decreased to four. The machine learning model with five input variables (mechanical ventilation in the first hour of PICU admission, very-high-risk diagnosis, surgical recovery from a noncardiac procedure, low-risk diagnosis, and base excess) produced lowest mean root mean squared error of 1.49 (95% CI, 1.05–1.93) and highest R-squared of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.6–0.86) with mean absolute error of 0.43 (95% CI, 0.35–0.5) among all the 11 machine learning models. CONCLUSIONS: Explainable machine learning methods were feasible in simplifying the Pediatric Index of Mortality 3 scoring system with similar risk of mortality predictions compared to the original Pediatric Index of Mortality 3 model tested in a single-center dataset.
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of the Tibetan herb Phlomoides rotata (Benth. ex Hook.f.) Mathiesen (Lamiaceae)

Abstract Phlomoides rotata (Benth. ex Hook.f.) Mathiesen is a perennial herb endemic to Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with important medicinal properties. Here, we sequenced and analyzed the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of P. rotata and reconstructed the phylogeny of P. rotata based on 24 cp genomes. The genome of P. rotata is 151,825 bp in length, including a large single-copy (LSC) region of 83,129 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 17,398 bp. A total of 131 genes were identified, of which 86 are protein-coding genes, 37 are transfer RNA genes, and eight are ribosomal RNA genes. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the species P. rotata is closely related to Phlomoides alpina with bootstrap support (BS) values of 100%. Overall, the genomic resources presented in this study will be beneficial for further studies on evolutionary patterns of P. rotata and its closely related species.