Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical host plant relationships of Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) within and among major Australian field crops

The within‐plant, vertical (internodal) distribution of the silverleaf whitefly (SLW), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) MEAM1 (biotype B) adult, large nymph (3rd and 4th instar) and egg stages was quantified in relation to four major Australian field crops, viz., cotton, mungbean, soybean and sunflower in 2003. The objective was to identify suitable sampling locations within the crop canopy. Ovipositional preference of SLW among the four crops under field conditions was also determined to gauge potential susceptibility and support crop choice and configuration decisions in multi‐crop systems. SLW abundance at main stem leaf nodes within each crop was characterised in a two‐stage analysis of the proportion of infested nodes and the number of SLW at the node if infested. The vertical distribution profiles of adults and nymphs from the experimental plots were validated for cotton using scouting data collected in the 2002–2003 growing season and for mungbean from an agronomic comparison of commercial germplasm conducted in 2003. Vertical distributions of adults and juvenile stages differed among the four crops. Based on their distribution profiles, the optimal sampling locations in cotton, mungbean, soybean and sunflower are leaf nodes 3–5, 2–3, 3–4 and 5–7 for adult SLW and 7–10, 4–5, 5–6 and 17–21 for large nymphs, respectively. A comparison of egg density per unit area of green leaf among the four host plant species indicated that soybean is the most attractive to ovipositing females, mungbean the least, and cotton and sunflower intermediate. The potential of each crop as a source for SLW on the basis of nymph abundance is discussed. Low preference combined with a low source potential makes mungbean the crop of choice in broad acre cropping areas in which SLW is endemic.
Effect of node tructure on the lasma et haracteristics of rcjet hruster

In order to study the effects of anode geometry on volt-ampere characteristics and plasma jet characteristics of the arcjet thruster, the arcjet thruster flow characteristics were simulated. Through numerical simulation, the velocity field and temperature field of thruster were calculated, and the volt-ampere characteristics were obtained at different anode geometry. The calculation results show that the influence of the anode throat diameter was the most obvious, compared to the influence of the anode throat length and compression angle on volt-ampere characteristics and plasma jet characteristic of the arcjet thruster.
Title New distribution record of deep-sea mussel , Bathymodiolus aduloides ( Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilidae ) from a hydrothermal vent

Title New distribution record of deep-sea mussel, Bathymodiolus aduloides (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from a hydrothermal vent, Myojinsho Author(s) Koito, Tomoko; Hashimoto, Jun; Nemoto, Suguru; Kitajima, Madoka; Kitada, Mitsugu; Inoue, Koji Citation Marine Biodiversity Records, 5, e38; 2012 Issue Date 2012 URL http://hdl.handle. net/10069/34946 Right © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2012 NAOSITE: Nagasaki University's Academic Output SITE
Effect of deficit irrigation on crop growth, yield and quality of onion in subsurface drip irrigation

India has the largest area under onion (Allium cepa) crop but its average productivity (14.21 t ha -1 ) is considerably lower than the world’s average of 19.4 t ha -1 . Besides low productivity, irrigation efficiencies are also very low i.e. 30-35% in India. Managing onion crop with less than adequate irrigation water availability is a challenge in several parts of the country. Options of i) deficit irrigation (DI) i.e. 20% or 40% less water application at one of the growth stages of the crop and ii) controlled deficit of 20% or 40% on all growth stages i.e. regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) were explored for maximizing IWUE of onion under deficit water application through subsurface drip irrigation. A field experiment was conducted on onion (var. Agrifound light red) for three years from October to May in 2007-08, 2008-09 and 2009-10 to study the effect of DI and RDI on onion yield and its quality under subsurface drip irrigation. In DI treatments, the crop was provided the irrigation with 60% and 80% of ETc creating water stress of 40 and 20%, respectively at developmental (2 nd ), bulb formation (3 rd ) and bulb maturity (4 th ) crop growth stages. In case of RDI treatments, 20% and 40% water stress was created throughout the crop season by applying the irrigation water at 80% and 60% ETc. The maximum yield (44.7 t ha -1 ) was obtained in the full-irrigation treatment (T1). In RDI, 20 and 40% deficit water application saved 19.2 and 41.7% water and resulted in 20 and 32% reduction in yield, respectively. In DI, 20% water deficit in the growth stages of 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th saved 2.1, 13.2 and 4.6% of water with 19.8, 18.3 and 11.2% reduction in yield, respectively in comparison to full irrigation water application. This suggests that RDI is better option of water saving than DI. Saving of water through RDI may be used to irrigate additional cropped area. Strategy suggested for productions of onion crop can be adopted in large scale to offset high cost of onion, which is cause of concern for all stake holders.
A case of cutaneous leishmaniasis successfully treated with oral terbinafine in Kenya

Leishmaniasis is a tropical disease of the skin and the reticuloendethelial system caused by a parasite of the genus- Leishmania. The disease poses significant psychosocial and public health burdens in endemic areas. Its treatment poses significant challenges considering that new treatment modalities are currently unavailable. The out-dated and toxic antimonial compounds remain the standard treatment. Nevertheless, these agents are mostly unavailable and reports of resistance to these compounds are increasing. Various drugs have therefore been used off label to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis. Terbinafine, an allylamine designed for treatment of fungal infections has been used off label in the treatment cutaneous leishmaniasis in Middle East and India. However, its potential has not been fully exploited in Kenya. This case is reported of a thirteen year old boy, a resident of a leishmaniasis endemic region in Kenya who presented with a symptomless, well demarcated plaque embedded with crusts and papules on his right cheek. Fine needle aspiration cytology revealed leishmania donovani bodies confirming a diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. He was treated with oral terbinafine 250mg daily for two consecutive months together with topical application of a combination of 10% Chrotamiton + 2% Sulphur cream applied for three consecutive months. A significant improvement evidenced by substantial flattening of the lesion, conspicuous digital image changes and general clinical improvement was noted after 3 months of follow up. This observation endorses oral terbinafine, as an efficacious management of uncomplicated cutaneous leishmaniasis. To limit scarring, an appropriate topical application can be added to oral terbinafine.
Going Abroad to Innovate? The Role of Entrepreneurial Orientation in Foreign Business Expansion for Japanese Small and Medium-Sized Manufacturers

This paper explores why a specific group of highly specialized Japanese toolmakers have chosen to expand their limited customer base to include Germany, despite strong cultural and geographical differences. Analyzing the phenomenon through the theoretical lens of International Entrepreneurship research, we find that compared to existing Japanese customers, Japanese SMEs perceived the German customers as less hierarchically dominant and more open and appreciative of their products. Japanese SMEs cited a highly interactive learning relationship with their German customers as a strong potential source for product and process innovation. In sum, we find that this the aspiration for innovativeness is a key motivator for these specialized Japanese SMEs to expand their business to Germany.
Improved Accuracy of Monotone Finite Difference Schemes on Point Clouds and Regular Grids

Finite difference schemes are the method of choice for solving nonlinear, degenerate elliptic PDEs, because the Barles-Sougandis convergence framework [Barles and Sougandidis, Asymptotic Analysis, 4(3):271-283, 1991] provides sufficient conditions for convergence to the unique viscosity solution [Crandall, Ishii and Lions, Bull. Amer. Math Soc. , 27(1):1-67, 1992]. For anisotropic operators, such as the Monge-Ampere equation, wide stencil schemes are needed [Oberman, SIAM J. Numer. Anal. , 44(2):879-895]. The accuracy of these schemes depends on both the distances to neighbors, $R$, and the angular resolution, $d\theta$. On uniform grids, the accuracy is $\mathcal O(R^2 + d\theta)$. On point clouds, the most accurate schemes are of $\mathcal O(R + d\theta)$, by Froese [Numerische Mathematik, 138(1):75-99, 2018]. In this work, we construct geometrically motivated schemes of higher accuracy in both cases: order $\mathcal O(R + d\theta^2)$ on point clouds, and $\mathcal O(R^2 + d\theta^2)$ on uniform grids.
Primordial density perturbations with running spectral index: impact on non-linear cosmic structures

We explore the statistical properties of non-linear cosmic structures in a flat A cold dark matter (ACDM) cosmology in which the index n s of the primordial power spectrum for scalar perturbations is allowed to depend on the scale. Within the inflationary paradigm, the running of the scalar spectral index can be related to the properties of the inflation potential, and it is hence of critical importance to test it with all kinds of observations, which cover the linear and non-linear regime of gravitational instability. We focus on the amount of running α S , 0 (≡ dn S /d ln(k/k p )) allowed by an updated combination of cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy data and the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey. Our analysis constrains α S,0 = -0.051 +0.047 -0.053 (-0.034 +0.039 -0.040 ) at 95 per cent Confidence Level when (not) taking into account primordial gravitational waves in a ratio as predicted by canonical single field inflation, in agreement with other works. For the cosmological models best fitting the data both with and without running we studied the abundance of galaxy clusters and of rare objects, the halo bias, the concentration of dark matter haloes, the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation, the power spectrum of cosmic shear and the Integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect. We find that counting galaxy clusters in future X-ray and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich surveys could discriminate between the two models, more so if broad redshift information about the cluster samples will be available. Likewise, measurements of the power spectrum of cosmological weak lensing as performed by planned all-sky optical surveys such as EUCLID could detect a running of the primordial spectral index, provided the uncertainties about the source redshift distribution and the underlying matter power spectrum are well under control.
Culture Medium, Light Regime and Temperature Affect the Development of Sirosporium diffusum

Sirosporium diffusum is the causal agent of the brown leaf spot disease on pecan trees that seriously damages the foliage of adult plants and seedlings. This fungal species is difficult to grow satisfactorily in a culture medium. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different physical conditions on the development of S. diffusum. In the first assay, eight culture media and five light regimes were combined, while in the second, the three treatments that promoted highest sporulation were combined with three temperatures. The trials were conducted in a two-factorial arrangement in a fully randomized design with six replicates. V8, V8CaCO3, and CA media under a 24-h photoperiod produced the highest respective sporulations: 29 × 104, 35 × 104, and 41 × 104 conidia ml-1. The best temperature for sporulation was 20±1 °C for all culture media, especially V8CaCO3 and CA. The best artificial conditions for obtaining good mycelial growth and sporulation consisted of a photoperiod of 24 h, temperature of 20±1 °C and V8CaCO3 or CA culture medium.
Influence of Palladium on Ni-based Catalysts for Hydrogen Production via Thermo-catalytic Methane Decomposition

This study investigates the effect of introducing palladium (Pd) as a promoter on the catalytic performance of Ni/Al2O3 catalysts which were prepared by wet impregnation method at various reaction temperatures. The catalytic activity, thermal stability and deactivation rate of the synthesized catalysts were evaluated at atmospheric pressure on a conventional fixed bed reactor at the temperature ranges of 8731073 K for 4 h at constant methane flow-rate. The results suggested that the introduction of Pd on Ni/Al2O3 can significantly enhance the catalytic activity of the catalysts. A slower deactivation rate was observed for Ni-Pd/Al2O3 catalyst. This is due to the positive effect of Pd on metallic Ni particles, improving the ability of the catalyst to accumulate carbon, thus enhancing the thermal stability at elevated temperatures.
A Moist PBL Parameterization for Large-Scale Models and Its Application to Subtropical Cloud-Topped Marine Boundary Layers

Abstract A new general purpose boundary layer parameterization that permits realistic treatment of stratocumulus-capped boundary layers (SCBLs) with coarse vertical resolution is described. It combines a 1.5-order turbulent closure model with an entrainment closure at the boundary layer top. Three different implementations of the entrainment closure, in which the boundary layer height is respectively prognosed, reconstructed from thermodynamic values at the grid points, or restricted to lie on a flux level of the host model grid, are tested in a single-column modeling framework at both fine and coarse vertical resolution. The first two approaches permit a stratocumulus top and base to lie between grid levels and evolve continuously with time, but are more complicated to implement in a three-dimensional model. The model performs very well in cases of dry convection, whatever the inversion implementation and the vertical resolution. With 15-mb or better vertical resolution, all approaches properly simulate .
Corporate Governance Indexes: The Confounding Effects of Using Different Measures

Prior empirical research has created and used many different governance indexes with mixed results. However, these different configurations might prove unlikely effects over firm valuation as they differ in configuration, scale and furthermore, in interpretation. To test the effectiveness of different governance indexes configurations, an OLS model and a panel data analysis is applied on a sample of 1.307 firms in the U.S. over three years. The results confirm statistical differences and significance of two different measures of external and internal governance in relation to firm value.
Efficacy and Effectiveness of Drug Treatments in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: a Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

The results of published studies with various neuroprotectors seeking to preserve motor neuron function and improve survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients have poor evidence in humans, although there are several studies in animal models with positive results. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on drug treatment options and survival times in animal models and patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis from March, 2009 to March, 2015 was conducted. Four hundred eighty-nine (489) articles were found, and from these, we selected 30 preclinical ‘in vivo’ studies, 18 randomized controlled trials, and four systematic reviews. A meta-analysis confirmed the effectiveness of various drugs in improving the life span in preclinical trials, in particular, Resveratrol, which had a mean difference of 10.8 days (95% CI: 9.57 to 12.02), whereas no drug showed efficacy in clinical trials. The positive results of preclinical studies should be interpreted with caution because there is a mismatch between those results and the negative results in clinical trials. Key words: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), motor neuron disease, drug, treatment.
Modeling the dynamic response of a crater glacier to lava-dome emplacement: Mount St Helens, Washington, USA

Abstract The debris-rich glacier that grew in the crater of Mount St Helens after the volcano’s cataclysmic 1980 eruption was split in two by a new lava dome in 2004. For nearly six months, the eastern part of the glacier was squeezed against the crater wall as the lava dome expanded. Glacier thickness nearly doubled locally and surface speed increased substantially. As squeezing slowed and then stopped, surface speed fell and ice was redistributed downglacier. This sequence of events, which amounts to a field-scale experiment on the deformation of debris-rich ice at high strain rates, was interpreted using a two-dimensional flowband model. The best match between modeled and observed glacier surface motion, both vertical and horizontal, requires ice that is about 5 times stiffer and 1.2 times denser than normal, temperate ice. Results also indicate that lateral squeezing, and by inference lava-dome growth adjacent to the glacier, likely slowed over a period of about 30 days rather than stopping abruptly. This finding is supported by geodetic data documenting dome growth.
Immigration and the Displacement of Incumbent Households

We make use of the universe of immigrants who arrived in Switzerland between 1992 and 2013, granular community level house price and wage data as well as detailed information on the Swiss population to study the effects of immigration on the location choice of incumbent households. Immigration influences a household’s location choice through three distinct channels: house price changes, labor market competition, and households’ sentiment regarding immigration. We find evidence of all three channels. However, we show that the channel to which a household responds most strongly depends on the type of immigration and the characteristics of the household. Our research provides valuable insights into some of the effects of large scale immigration.
DEVELOPING THE PHYSICS DESIGN FOR NDCX-II, A UNIQUE PULSE-COMPRESSING ION ACCELERATOR

The Heavy Ion Fusion Science Virtual National Laboratory(a collaboration of LBNL, LLNL, and PPPL) is using intense ion beams to heat thin foils to the"warm dense matter" regime at<~;; 1 eV, and is developing capabilities for studying target physics relevant to ion-driven inertial fusion energy. The need for rapid target heating led to the development of plasma-neutralized pulse compression, with current amplification factors exceeding 50 now routine on the Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment (NDCX). Construction of an improved platform, NDCX-II, has begun at LBNL with planned completion in 2012. Using refurbished induction cells from the Advanced Test Accelerator at LLNL, NDCX-II will compress a ~;;500 ns pulse of Li+ ions to ~;;1 ns while accelerating it to 3-4 MeV over ~;;15 m. Strong space charge forces are incorporated into the machine design at a fundamental level. We are using analysis, an interactive 1D PIC code (ASP) with optimizing capabilities and centroid tracking, and multi-dimensional Warpcode PIC simulations, to develop the NDCX-II accelerator. This paper describes the computational models employed, and the resulting physics design for the accelerator.
Test Case Generation using UML Activity Diagram & Composite Structure Diagram

In software development, Quality is an important thing. We get the best quality of software when we test it properly. In present day the size and complexity in object oriented software are increased , Due to this manual testing become very resource consuming and not able to provide proper results. To handle this we need automatic test case generation which helps in finding the errors and bugs. Test cases we generate in design phase only, which is very early in software development process. We use unified modelling language (UML) to visualise the designs and structure of object-oriented software. From UML diagram, we generate efficient test cases which gives proper results during testing. We first focus on the generation of test cases from the Activity diagram. Activity Diagrams are used to describe the behaviour of the models i.e. dynamic aspects of model. In activity diagram we describe the flow of activity from one to another. Every activity represents a different operation. We first use Rational Software Architect (RSA) to develop the Activity Diagram. From here we generate XMI (XML metadata interchange). We generate the intermediate graph by parsing the XMI code automatically. After developing the intermediate graph , by using it, in our proposed algorithm topdown test case generation algorithm we generate test cases. The generated test cases are used in testing to find out the errors, by removing erros we increase the quality of the software. In our next work, we focus on the UML composite structure diagram (CSD). CSD defines the interaction between components because of this we use these generated test scenarios in the integration testing. We first use Rational Software Architect (RSA) to develop the CSD. From here we generate XMI (XML metadata interchange). We generate the intermediate graph by parsing the XMI code automatically. By using intermediate graph, in our algorithm we generate test scenarios. The generated test scenarios are used in integration testing to find out the errors.
Causality, Causality, Causality: The View of Education Inputs and Outputs from Economics

Educators and policy makers are increasingly intent on using scientifically-based evidence when making decisions about education policy. Thus, education research today must necessarily be focused on identifying the causal relationships between education inputs and student outcomes. In this paper we discuss methodologies for estimating the causal effect of resources on education outcomes; we also review what we believe to be the best evidence from economics on a few important inputs: spending, class size, teacher quality, the length of the school year, and technology. We conclude that while the number of papers using credible identification strategies is thin, the body of credible research on causal relationships is growing, and we have started to gather evidence that some school inputs matter while others do not.
State Dependence in Unemployment

This study examines the extent state dependence among unemployed immigrants in a dynamic discrete choice framework. Three alternative methodologies are employed to control for the problem of the initial condition. The empirical findings show that there is a considerable correlation between the unobserved individual heterogeneity and the initial condition and that the degree of state dependence is overstated if we do not address this problem. The results show that an individual who was unemployed at period “t-1” has 6.5 percentage points higher probability of being unemployed again at period t compared to an individual who was employed at period “t-1”.