Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Running Head : CONSISTENCY WITHIN PRISONER ’ S DILEMMA Behavioral Consistency within the Prisoner ’ s Dilemma Game : The Role of Personality and Situation

Mixed-motive games represent situations that confro nt people with a conflict between cooperative and non-cooperative alternatives. Despi t this common basis, recent research has shown that the consistency of people’s choices acro ss different mixed-motive games is rather low. The present research examined behavioral consi stency within the same mixed-motive game, by presenting participants with a series of one-sho t Prisoner’s Dilemma Games (PDGs). Across this set of games, payoffs were manipulated in orde r to intensify or weaken the conflict between self and the other party while maintaining the game ’s underlying structure. Our findings indicate that significant differences in choice behavior are observed as a function of both situational (i.e., manipulations of the PDG’s payoff structure) and pe rsonality differences (i.e., individual differences in personality and motivational traits) . Moreover, our included situational variables and personality features did not interact with each other, and were about equally impactful in shaping cooperation. Crucially, however, despite th e significant behavioral differences across game variants, considerable consistency in choices was found as well, which suggests that the game’s motivational basis reliably impacts choice b ehavior in spite of situational and personality variations. We discuss implications for theorizing on mixed-motive situations and elaborate on the question how cooperation can be promoted.
Construction of Wavelet Frames Using Lifting Like Schemes

The unitary extension principle and mixed extension principles are used to construct Parseval frames. Some desired properties like the order of vanishing moment of a frame is one of the common property in applications. The number of vanishing moment of a wavelet frame obtained through the extension principle depends on the way the polyphase or modulation matrix is constructed. The lifting like scheme has been presented to improve the number of vanishing moment of a given MRA based wavelet frame. A simple way of construction of wavelet frame using the polyphase components of the filter is also presented. Mathematics Subject Classification: 42C40, 42C15
A FORWARD-BACKWARD APPROXIMATION SCHEME FOR A CLASS OF HIGH-DIMENSIONAL POSTERIOR DISTRIBUTIONS

Exact-sparsity inducing prior distributions in Bayesian analysis typically lead to posterior distributions that are very challenging to handle by standard Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, particular in high-dimensional models with large number of parameters. We propose an approximation scheme for such posterior distributions based on the forward-backward envelope of Patrinos et al. (2014). We illustrate the method with a high-dimensional linear regression model, where we that the derived approximation is within O( √ γ) of the true posterior distribution in the β-metric, where γ > 0 is a user-controlled parameter that defines the approximation.
Urbanization and Its Effect On Runoff in the Whiteoak Bayou Watershed, Texas 1

Abstract: The capacity of a watershed to urbanize without changing its hydrologic response and the relationship between that response and the spatial configuration of the developed areas was studied. The study was conducted in the Whiteoak Bayou watershed (223 km2), located northwest of Houston, Texas, over an analysis period from 1949 to 2000. Annual development data were derived from parcel data collected by the Harris County Appraisal District. Using these data, measures of the spatial configuration of the watershed urban areas were calculated for each year. Based on regression models, it was determined that the annual runoff depths and annual peak flows depended on the annual precipitation depth, the developed area and the maximum 12‐h precipitation depth on the day and day before the peak flow took place. It was found that, since the early 1970s, when the watershed reached a 10% impervious area, annual runoff depths and peak flows have increased by 146% and 159%, respectively. However, urbanization is responsible for only 77% and 32% of the increase, respectively, while precipitation changes are responsible for the remaining 39% and 96%, respectively. Likewise, an analysis of the development data showed that, starting in the early 1970s, urbanization in the watershed consisted more of connecting already developed areas than of creating new ones, which increases the watershed’s conveyance capacity and explains the change in its response. Before generalizing conclusions, though, further research on other urban watersheds with different urbanization models appears to be necessary.
Evolution of bordetella pertussis genome may play a role in the increased rate of whooping cough cases in the United States

Bordetella pertussis is the bacterium responsible for pertussis, a disease commonly referred to as whooping cough. Recently, pertussis has made a resurgence in the U.S. despite high-vaccination coverage. Possible causes of the increased number of pertussis cases include genetic evolution of B. pertussis , increased awareness of the disease, better laboratory diagnostics, and the switch from a whole-cellular (wP) vaccine to an acellular vaccine (aP) in the 1990s. Fortunately, just as B. pertussis is evolving, so is the arsenal of technologies used to understand and combat this pathogenic bacterium. Whole genome sequencing is one technology that helps researchers better understand the evolution B. pertussis. This project included the isolation of genomic DNA and sequencing of two novel B. pertussis strains isolated from patients in Virginia. This project also utilized bioinformatics to analyze data obtained from genomes of twelve previously sequenced B. pertussis isolates. Specifically, the genomes were analyzed and compared to each other and to vaccine reference strains. PubMLST, a database hosted by the University of Oxford, was used to perform multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and to determine alleles of genes that encode for pertussis toxin subunit 1 ( ptxA ), the pertussis toxin promotor ( ptxP, pertactin ( prn ), and fimbriae serotype 3 ( fim3 ), which are common components in acellular pertussis vaccines. Protein variants were then determined by comparing the protein sequences of PtxA, Prn, and Fim3 to known references using NCBI BLAST. Data gathered from PubMLST and protein alignments support other studies that indicate B. pertussis may be evolving to evade pertussis vaccines. Notably, all of the 14 strains analyzed in this paper carry a ptxP3 allele whereas vaccine reference strains such as Tohama 1 and C393 carry a ptxP1 allele. The other genes analyzed, ptxA , prn , and fim3, also showed divergence from the allele types of Tohama 1 and C393. This project builds on information gathered from previous studies and contributes to the growing knowledge of the evolution of the B. pertussis genome
Large magnetoresistance in hybrid spin filter devices

Summary form only given. Spin electronic ("spintronic") devices, based on utilizing the spin as well as the charge of electrons, open up an entirely new class of electronics. Such devices could include nonvolatile magnetic memories, re-programmable logic, and quantum computers. One thing hampering the development of spin electronic devices so far is the lack of sufficiently polarized (nearing 100% spin polarization) current sources for spin injection into semiconductors. So-called "half-metallic ferromagnets" would circumvent this problem, but true half-metals have proven extremely difficult to realize in practice. However, the phenomenon of spin filtering may also be exploited to create near 100% polarization. Here we propose and demonstrate a different approach, combining spin filter tunnel barriers and spin-dependent tunneling, similar to a device proposed by Worledge et al. (2000). The combination of a non-magnetic electrode with a spin filter tunnel barrier is used to effectively mimic a half-metallic tunneling electrode and achieve nearly 100% spin polarization. Using this, "artificial half-metal" bilayer, we additionally use a second magnetic electrode, creating a nonmagnetic metal/ferromagnetic insulator/ferromagnetic metal (M-FI-F) device. We utilize EuS as the magnetic insulator, with Gd ferromagnetic and Al nonmagnetic electrodes. The, tunnel current in this case depends on the relative magnetization orientation of the EuS filter and the Gd "analyzer," in analogy to a half-metallic ferromagnet/insulator/ferromagnet tunnel junction. The spin filtering in this configuration yields a previously unobserved magnetoresistance effect, exceeding 100%, suggesting a filtering efficiency close to 100%. The present scheme would also circumvent impedance mismatch problems with semiconducting counter electrodes, and thus potentially allow spin injection from even a non-magnetic metal into a semiconductor.
Making Tough Choices: Picking the Appropriate Conservation Decision‐Making Tool

Conservation practitioners face complex challenges due to resource limitations, biological and socioeconomic trade‐offs, involvement of diverse interest groups, and data deficiencies. To help address these challenges, there are a growing number of frameworks for systematic decision making. Three prominent frameworks are structured decision making, systematic conservation prioritization, and systematic reviews. These frameworks have numerous conceptual linkages, and offer rigorous and transparent solutions to conservation problems. However, they differ in their assumptions and applicability. Here, we provide guidance on how to choose among these frameworks for solving conservation problems, and how to identify less rigorous techniques when time or data availability limit options. Each framework emphasizes the need for proper problem consideration and formulation, and includes steps for monitoring and evaluation. We recommend clear and documented problem formulation, adopting structured decision‐making processes, and archiving results in a global database to support conservation professionals in making evidence‐based decisions in the future.
New approach for the treatment of CLL using chlorambucil / hydroxychloroquine-loaded anti-CD 20 nanoparticles

Metal nanowire networks represent a promising candidate for the rapid fabrication of transparent electrodes with high transmission and low sheet resistance values at very low deposition temperatures. A commonly encountered obstacle in the formation of conductive nanowire electrodes is establishing high quality electronic contact between nanowires in order to facilitate long range current transport through the network. A new system of nanowire ligand removal and replacement with a semiconducting sol-gel tin oxide matrix has enabled the fabrication of high performance transparent electrodes at dramatically reduced temperatures with minimal need for post-deposition treatments of any kind.
Management Styles and Organisational Effectiveness in Vietnam: A Comparison in Terms of Management Practices between State-owned and Foreign Enterprises

Human capital initiatives play a vital role in resolving the most pressing business challenges. The effective management of human poses new challenges in the organization for leadership and managerial capabilities. The current study aims to analyze the factors that are closely associated with employee satisfaction in both Vietnamese state-owned enterprise and foreign-owned enterprise in order to understand the difference of management practices. The response was taken from a sample of 250 respondents in either two types of business and the data are carried out by using multiple statistical analyses, including exploratory factor analysis, reliability test, mean point value, and multiple linear regressions. The results indicate that for the state-owned enterprise, recruitment process is the most important factor that helps to improve the satisfaction of employee. Besides, for the foreign-owned enterprise, as the results of the current study, performance appraisal process is the main point to solve employee‘s problems. The findings also provide useful implications for managers in terms of improving human capital quality, and stabilizing the labor resources and reducing the turnover rate for both state-owned enterprise and foreign-owned enterprises.
An Enhanced Intelligent Handheld Instrument with Visual Servo Control for 2-DOF Hand Motion Error Compensation

The intelligent handheld instrument, ITrem2, enhances manual positioning accuracy by cancelling erroneous hand movements and, at the same time, provides automatic micromanipulation functions. Visual data is acquired from a high speed monovision camera attached to the optical surgical microscope and acceleration measurements are acquired from the inertial measurement unit (IMU) on board ITrem2. Tremor estimation and canceling is implemented via Band-limited Multiple Fourier Linear Combiner (BMFLC) filter. The piezoelectric actuated micromanipulator in ITrem2 generates the 3D motion to compensate erroneous hand motion. Preliminary bench-top 2-DOF experiments have been conducted. The error motions simulated by a motion stage is reduced by 67% for multiple frequency oscillatory motions and 56.16% for pre-conditioned recorded physiological tremor.
Viral RNA Synthesis and Nuclear Export Cascade by Influenza A Viruses Requires Activation of the Interferon Induction

We have examined the requirements for virus transcription and replication and thus the roles of input and progeny genomes in the generation of interferon (IFN)-inducing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by influenza A viruses using inhibitors of these processes. Using IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) phosphorylation as a marker of activation of the IFN induction cascade that occurs upstream of the IFNpromoter, we demonstrate strong activation of the IFN induction cascade in A549 cells infected with a variety of influenza A viruses in the presence of cycloheximide or nucleoprotein (NP) small interfering RNA (siRNA), which inhibits viral protein synthesis and thus complementary ribonucleoprotein (cRNP) and progeny viral RNP (vRNP) synthesis. In contrast, activation of the IFN induction cascade by influenza viruses was very effectively abrogated by treatment with actinomycin D and other transcription inhibitors, which correlated with the inhibition of the synthesis of all viral RNA species. Furthermore, 5,6-dichloro-1-D-ribofuranosyl-benzimidazole, an inhibitor that prevents viral RNA export from the nucleus, was also a potent inhibitor of IRF3 activation; thus, both viral RNA synthesis and nuclear export are required for IFN induction by influenza A viruses. While the exact nature of the viral PAMPs remains to be determined, our data suggest that in this experimental system the major influenza A virus PAMPs are distinct from those of incoming genomes or progeny
Homogeneous Herz spaces with variable exponents and regularity results

Delays appear always more frequently in applications, ranging, e.g., from population dynamics to automatic control, where the study of steady states is undoubtedly of major concern. As many other dynamical systems, those generated by nonlinear delay equations usually obey the celebrated principle of linearized stability. Therefore, hyperbolic equilibria inherit the stability properties of the corresponding linearizations, the study of which relies on associated characteristic equations. The transcendence of the latter, due to the presence of the delay, leads to infinitely-many roots in the complex plane. Simple algebraic manipulations show, first, that all such roots belong to the intersection of two curves. Second, only one of these curves is crucial for stability, and relevant sufficient and/or necessary criteria can be easily derived from its analysis. Other aspects can be investigated under this framework and a link to the theory of modulus semigroups and monotone semiflows is also discussed.
RSL 17 BD at DBDC 3 : Computing Utterance Similarities based on Term Frequency and Word Embedding Vectors

RSL17BD (Waseda University Sakai Laboratory) participated in the Third Dialogue Breakdown Detection Challenge (DBDC3) and submitted three runs to both English and Japanese subtasks. Following the approach of Sugiyama, we utilise ExtraTreesRegressor, but instead of his simple word overlap feature, we employ term frequency vectors and word embedding vectors to compute utterance similarities. Given a target system utterance, we use ExtraTreesRegressor to estimate the mean and variance of its breakdown probability distribution, and then derive the breakdown probabilities from them. To calculate word embedding vector similarities between two neighbouring utterances, Run 1 follows the approach of Omari et al. and uses the maximum cosine similarity and geometric mean; Run 3 uses arithmetic mean instead; Run 2 utilises the cosine similarities of all term pairs from the two utterances. Run 2 statistically significantly outperforms the other two for the English data (p = 0.011 with Jensen-Shannon Divergence and p = 0.009 with Mean Squared Error).
PERSPECT IVE The geography of spatial synchrony

Jonathan A. Walter,* Lawrence W. Sheppard, Thomas L. Anderson, Jude H. Kastens, Ottar N. Bjørnstad, Andrew M. Liebhold and Daniel C. Reuman* Abstract Spatial synchrony, defined as correlated temporal fluctuations among populations, is a fundamental feature of population dynamics, but many aspects of synchrony remain poorly understood. Few studies have examined detailed geographical patterns of synchrony; instead most focus on how synchrony declines with increasing linear distance between locations, making the simplifying assumption that distance decay is isotropic. By synthesising and extending prior work, we show how geography of synchrony, a term which we use to refer to detailed spatial variation in patterns of synchrony, can be leveraged to understand ecological processes including identification of drivers of synchrony, a long-standing challenge. We focus on three main objectives: (1) showing conceptually and theoretically four mechanisms that can generate geographies of synchrony; (2) documenting complex and pronounced geographies of synchrony in two important study systems; and (3) demonstrating a variety of methods capable of revealing the geography of synchrony and, through it, underlying organism ecology. For example, we introduce a new type of network, the synchrony network, the structure of which provides ecological insight. By documenting the importance of geographies of synchrony, advancing conceptual frameworks, and demonstrating powerful methods, we aim to help elevate the geography of synchrony into a mainstream area of study and application.
Design Space Exploration for an industrial Lane-Keeping-Support Case Study

Developing embedded safety-critical systems was and remains a challenging task. Embedded systems engineers are supposed to design solutions that satisfy company shareholders, customers, certification authorities, etc. With these many partly contradicting demands it is very hard to find an optimal or optimized solution. Under special circumstances it sometimes is even impossible to find a viable embedded system design. Finding solutions i. e. exploring the vast design space, can be sped up by automating certain steps. This work presents our previously published semi-automated design space exploration (DSE) for safety-critical embedded real-time systems [1] applied to an industrial lane-keeping-support (LKS) case study. We thereby minimize communication, hardware costs, weight, and the number of processing units also satisfying hard real-time constraints for distributed embedded systems. In our tool demonstration we present how we model a lane-keeping-support system consisting of multiple functions like “line detection” or “situation evaluation” using the SPES methodology from the SPES_XT project [2]. Using this methodology for the case study we started out with a functional structure (see Fig. 1) and refined our model. The functional chain starts at the video sensing unit which produces an uncompressed 2 mega-pixel 15 frames per second video stream. This video stream is used to extract line information which may indicate lanes of a street, so the data workload between video sensing and line detection is quite high. From there, rather small data amounts are passed down the chain, picking up additional sensor data along the way. After the trajectory planning there is a breakdown in different options, depending on which hardware is actually used in the system (either ESP or EPS; neither ESP nor EPS; both ESP and EPS). In our case study we considered the latter. In subsequent steps we derived a logical component structure from the functional view. The logical structure included explicit distinctions between what is a logical task and a logical signal. In a last refinement step we created a hardware architecture and deduced software tasks and technical signals/messages from their logical counterparts. The mentioned hardware structure is represented by a typical generic bus-based hierarchy consisting of one global time division multiplex (TDMA) based backbone bus which is connected via gateways to local cluster buses (e. g. CAN, FlexRay, or MOST). While the architectural design was done using the SPES methodology we still had to include certain aspects relevant for an automatic DSE in our model. Therefore, we used timing property extensions based on the timing augmented description language (TADL) version 2 from the TIMMO-2-USE project [3]. Further extensions include the annotation of execution times and memory consumption data of tasks for different ECU types. This way, we can allow (well defined) variations
Bayesian and Non–Bayesian Estimation for Two Generalized Exponential Populations Under Joint Type II Censored Scheme

In this paper, Bayesian and non-Bayesian estimators have been obtained for two generalized exponential populations under joint type II censored scheme, which generalize results of Balakrishnan and Rasouli (2008) and Shafay et al. (2013) . The maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) of the parameters and Bayes estimators have been developed under squared error loss function as well as under LINEX loss function. Moreover, approximate confidence region are also discussed and compared with two Bootstrap confidence regions. Also the MLE and three confidence intervals for the stress–strength parameter are explored. A numerical illustration for these new results is given.
Tree‐ring reconstruction of Crimean drought and lake chronology correction

The first verifiable reconstruction of spring (April–July) precipitation is presented for Crimea, Ukraine. It is derived from Crimean pine (Pinus hamata) ring‐width data spanning A.D. 1620–2002. The reconstruction accounts for 37% of the variance in observed precipitation over 1896–1988. Most droughts recorded in Crimean historical documents in the 17th–19th centuries coincide with below‐average reconstructed precipitation in the concurrent or following year. An 11‐year filtered version of the reconstruction correlates with an annually‐laminated sediment‐thickness record from Saki Lake (4188 years in length), once this record is shifted backward by 15 years. The offset may be explained by anthropogenic changes at the lake in the late 19th century. The significant relationship between the lake sediments and reconstruction suggests that the lake record is also a moisture indicator. If so, the wettest period of the past 1500 years (∼AD1050–1250) broadly coincides with the “Medieval Warm Period” (MWP) in Crimea.