Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increasing Temperature Alters the Effects of Extracellular Copper on Thalassiosira pseudonana Physiology and Transcription

Copper (Cu) is essential for many physiological processes in phytoplankton, including electron-transfer reactions and high-affinity Fe transport systems. However, at high concentrations, Cu can have a toxic effect on phytoplankton. Phytoplankton’s tolerance to certain toxicants in marine ecosystems cannot always be solely attributed to the presence of compounds, as various environmental factors including temperature can also indirectly influence their effects on organisms. In this study, we investigated the effects of different Cu concentrations (0, 19.6, 160, 800, and 8000 nM) on the growth and physiological changes in the centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana (CCMP 1335) when simultaneously applied with temperature cultivation of 20 °C and 25 °C. At low (0 nM) and high (8000 nM) Cu concentrations, the growth rate of T. pseudonana was inhibited, though an increase in temperature lessened this inhibition. There were no significant changes in the POC:PON ratio during all of the treatments. However, increasing the temperature significantly decreased the POC: POP, PON: POP and BSi: POP ratios of T. pseudonana. The intracellular Cu content of T. pseudonana varied from 0.13 to 13.28 fg cell−1 in response to increases in ambient Cu concentrations. Lastly, an increase in the Cu concentration decreased the transcriptional expression of CTR (copper transporter), 3Hfcp (photosynthetic protein), and Sit1 (silica shell formation) encoding genes. In conclusion, our results indicated that T. pseudonana can adapt to physiological processes and molecular mechanisms in response to varying Cu concentrations and ambient temperatures.
Exploring the Impact of Thermally Controlled Crustal Viscosity on Volcanic Ground Deformation

Volcanoes undergoing unrest often produce displacements at the ground surface, providing an important window to interpret the dynamics of the underlying magmatic system. The thermomechanical properties of the surrounding host rock are expected to be highly heterogeneous, with key physical parameters having a strong dependence on temperature. Deformation models that incorporate nonelastic rheological behaviors are therefore heavily reliant on the assumed thermal conditions, and so it is critical to understand how the thermomechanical crustal structure affects the observed deformation field. Here, we use a series of thermo‐viscoelastic Finite Element models to explore how variations in thermal constraints (i.e., reservoir temperature and background geothermal gradient) affect surface displacement patterns when using the Maxwell and Standard Linear Solid (SLS) viscoelastic configurations. Our results demonstrate a strong variability in the viscoelastic deformation response when changing the imposed thermal constraints, caused by the partitioning of deformation and the dissipation of induced stresses. When using the SLS rheology, we identify that cumulative long‐term displacements can vary by over 20%, relative to a reference model with a reservoir temperature of 900°C and background geothermal gradient of 30 K km−1. The relative change increases to a maximum of 35% when thermal weakening of the Young's modulus is also considered. Contrastingly, the deformation patterns of the Maxwell rheology are governed by unbounded displacements and complete stress relaxation. Ultimately, we outline that uncertainties in the thermal constraints can have a significant impact on best‐fit source parameters (e.g., size and depth) and overpressure/volume‐change loading histories inferred from thermo‐viscoelastic models.
RGB-based phenotyping of foliar disease severity under controlled conditions

Plant diseases induce visible modifications on leaves with the advance of infection and colonization, thus altering their spectral reflectance pattern. In this study, we evaluated the visible spectral region of symptomatic leaves of five plant diseases: soybean rust (SBR), Calonectria leaf blight (CLB), wheat leaf blast (WLB), Nicotiana tabacum-Xylella fastidiosa (NtXf), and potato late blight (PLB). Ten spectral indices were calculated from the RGB channels (red, green, and blue) of images of leaves varying in percent severity, which were obtained under controlled lighting and homogeneous background. Image processing was automated for background removal and pixel-level index calculation. Each index was averaged across pixels at the leaf level. We found high levels of correlation between leaf severity and the majority of the spectral indices. The most highly associated spectral indices were overall hue index, visible atmospherically resistant index, normalized green red difference index, primary colors hue index, and soil color index. The leaf-level mean value of each of the ten indices and digital numbers on the RGB channels were gathered and used to train boosted regression tree models for predicting the leaf severity of each disease. Models for SBR, CLB, and WLB achieved high prediction accuracies (>97%) on the testing dataset (20% of the original dataset). Models for NtXf and PLB had prediction accuracies below 90%. The performance of each model may be directly related to the symptomatology of each disease. The method can be automated if the images are obtained under controlled light and homogeneous background, but improvements should be made in the method for using field- or greenhouse-acquired images which would require similar conditions.
Adaptive fault-tolerant tracking control of flying-wing unmanned aerial vehicle with system input saturation and state constraints

In this paper, an adaptive fault-tolerant attitude tracking controller based on reinforcement learning is developed for flying-wing unmanned aerial vehicle subjected to actuator faults and saturation. At first, the attitude dynamic model is separated into two dynamic subsystems as slow and fast dynamic subsystems based on the principle of time scale separation. Secondly, backstepping technique is adopted to design the controller. For the purpose of attitude angle constraints, the control technique based on Barrier Lyapunov is used to design controller of slow dynamic subsystem. Considering the optimization of the fast dynamic subsystem, this paper introduces an adaptive reinforcement learning control method in which neural network is used to approximate the long-term performance index and lumped fault dynamic. It is shown that this control algorithm can satisfy the requirements of attitude tracking subjected to the control constraints and the stability of the system is proved from Lyapunov stability theory. The simulation results demonstrate that the developed fault-tolerant scheme is useful and has more smooth control effect compared with fault-tolerant controller based on sliding mode theory.
Antecedents of Emotional Intelligence: Perceived Organizational Support Impact on Ambidextrous Behavior of Standalone Business School Faculty

The present study was designed to examine the significance of emotional intelligence (EI), perceived organizational support (POS), and its impact on organizational ambidexterity of faculty members working with standalone business schools in southern India. The study argues that the moderating effect of emotional intelligence (EI) is significant in the association between perceived organizational support and two antecedents of organizational ambidexterity of faculty members. The research on institutional exploration and exploitation ambidexterity variants highlights vital ways to realize organizational ambidexterity. Very few researchers have investigated organizational ambidexterity in the higher education sector, and no research is available on standalone business school faculty members. The study proposes a novel research framework, and the findings reveal that perceived organizational support is highly influencing two antecedents of organizational ambidexterity. The research also observes a slight moderating effect of emotional intelligence between the association of perceived organizational support and organizational ambidexterity and the positive relationship identified among emotional intelligence, perceived organizational support and organizational ambidexterity.
A Guide to Using GitHub for Developing and Versioning Data Standards and Reporting Formats

Data standardization combined with descriptive metadata facilitate data reuse, which is the ultimate goal of the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) principles. Community data or metadata standards are increasingly created through an approach that emphasizes collaboration between various stakeholders. Such an approach requires platforms for collaboration on the development process that centers on sharing information and receiving feedback. Our objective in this study was to conduct a systematic review to identify data standards and reporting formats that use version control for developing data standards and to summarize common practices, particularly in earth and environmental sciences. Out of 108 data standards and reporting formats identified in our review, 32 used GitHub as the version control platform, and no other platforms were used. We found no universally accepted methodology for developing and publishing data standards. Many GitHub repositories did not use key features that could help developers to gather user feedback, or to create and revise standards that build on previous work. We provide guidance for community‐driven standard development and associated documentation on GitHub based on a systematic review of existing practices.
Modeling Pulse Exposures From Copper Algaecides and Effects on Target and Non-Target Species

Dissipation rates of copper following algaecide treatments resulting in pulse exposures can be accurately modeled if the component dissipation rates are known. Scaled experiments (in situ, laboratory and mesocosm) were used to parse and rank dominant processes from concurrent processes affecting copper fate in pulse exposures. Cumulative copper dissipation rates were calculated based on copper concentrations measured in situ and in mesocosms. Individual copper dissipation rates were calculated from copper concentrations measured in laboratory experiments. Predictions of the influence of individual dissipation rates on the cumulative dissipation rate were assessed mathematically. In situ aqueous copper concentrations dissipated rapidly following an algaecide treatment, with a calculated half-life of 0.03 days. Based on laboratory experiments, the most rapid copper fate process was dilution with a half-life of 0.03 days, followed by sediment sorption with a half-life of approximately 3 days. Mesocosm experiments incorporating physical characteristics of the site (i.e. dilution, sediment, algae and site water) resulted in similar copper half-lives (0.02 days) relative to the in situ copper half-life. Prediction of the fate of copper from algaecide treatments requires incorporation of accurate estimates of dominant fate processes that can be determined physically and mathematically.
Numerical Study on Strength and Failure Behavior of Rock with Composite Defects under Uniaxial Compression

The cracks and holes in underground engineering are the critical factors that cause the instability of the surrounding rock. It is helpful to control the stability of surrounding rock to study the samples with combined defects of cracks and holes. In this study, PFC 2D is used to analyze the numerical models. Seven combined models of single circular hole and double cracks with different angles are established, and the fracture angle varies from 0° to 90° with an interval of 15°. First, uniaxial compression experiments and numerical simulations are carried out in the 0° defect combination model, and the microscopic parameters of PFC 2D are determined. Then, the numerical simulations of seven defect models under uniaxial compression are carried out, and the crack development law and acoustic emission characteristics of different defect combination models are studied. The failure modes, mechanical behavior, and stress states are studied. The displacement vector distributions of different defect combination models are analyzed; it is found that there are three main types of macro cracks in the defect combination samples. The results show that the combined defects reduce the strength of the model. Meanwhile, the distributions of the stress and displacement are changed by the cracks with different angles in the defective models.
DESIGNING IN COMPLEXITY: HOW SOLUTION CONJECTURES INFORM PROBLEM EXPLORATION

Abstract Engineering designers seek to explore ‘real’ problems that must be solved across design processes. This exploration might be challenging in complex problem situations. An effective way of encouraging design exploration is conjecture-based problem exploration—informing problem re-interpretation by potential solutions. However, little evidence indicated how this process unfolds, especially in complex problem situations. This study addresses this question by articulating the underlying cognitive mechanism of conjecture-based problem exploration. Situated in a creative design practice that tackles real-world, complex problem situations, we employ grounded theory to conduct qualitative coding of interview transcripts and documents elicited from ten multidisciplinary graduate students. We developed a three-phase process model to explain conjecture-based problem exploration: (1) triggering through analogizing, inspiring, evaluating, and questioning; (2) transitioning to problem space expansion; and (3) resulting in problem focus adjustment incrementally or radically. Our explanation contributes to design theory building and encourages engineering designers to embrace a dynamic view of design problems when addressing complexity.
Testing the Mediating Effect of Need–Supply Fit on the Relationship Between Volunteer Management Practices and Volunteer Satisfaction in China

Abstract In recent years, volunteer management practices (VMPs) have attracted the attention of scholars. However, the mechanism by which VMPs affect volunteer satisfaction, an important antecedent of volunteer sustainability, remains poorly understood. This article examines one such mechanism, need–supply fit, through which VMPs influence volunteer satisfaction. Although need–supply fit has been verified as a mediating mechanism of human resource management practice affecting the satisfaction of paid employees, the question of whether need–supply fit is a similar influencing mechanism in the context of volunteering requires further research. By the use of a cluster sample (N = 211) collected from four nonprofit organizations in China, a mediation model is outlined and empirically tested. The results show that both VMPs and need–supply fit have significant positive relationships with volunteer satisfaction and that need–supply fit fully mediates the relationship between VMPs and volunteer satisfaction. Future research is suggested to verify the mechanism proposed in this article across different cultures and volunteering fields and to explore the differences of the impact of intended VMPs and perceived VMPs on the volunteers’ satisfaction.
Risk Management in Seaports: A Community Analysis at the Port of Hamburg

The aim of this work is to detect communities of stakeholders at the port of Hamburg regarding their communication intensity in activities related to risk management. An exploratory mixed-method design is chosen as a methodology based on a compact survey and semi-structured interviews, as well as secondary data. A compact survey at the port of Hamburg is utilized to address the communication intensity values among stakeholders. Based on 28 full responses, the data is extracted, cleansed, and prepared for the network analysis using the software “Gephi”. Thereafter, the Louvain community detection algorithm is used to extract the communities from the network. A plausibility check is carried out using 15 semi-structured interviews and secondary data to verify and refine the results of the community analysis. The results have revealed different communities for the following risk categories: (a) natural disasters and (b) operational and safety risks. The focus of cooperation is on the reactive process and emergency plans. For instance, emergency plans play an important role in the handling of natural disasters such as floods or extreme winds.
CREATION OF DIGITAL TWINS - KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF PHYSICAL TO VIRTUAL TWINNING IN MECHATRONIC PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

Abstract Due to the falling costs of computational resources and the increasing potential of data acquisition, interest in digital twins, a virtual copy of the physical original, and their industrial application is increasing. Nevertheless, there is limited published work on how to support the process of physical to virtual twinning and what its key aspects are. The aim of this study is to present insights with regards to physical to virtual twinning gained from modelling projects in mechatronic product development. We conducted a survey and in-depth interviews with members of modelling projects. In the surveys and interviews we identified how physical products and virtual models were linked, which virtual models were used and which general challenges and key aspects are considered important by the project members. Our findings show that the key characteristics that pose challenges to modelling regarding physical to virtual twinning are model granularity, model validation, and model integration and interconnectivity.
Appraisal Study of Similarity-Based and Embedding-Based Link Prediction Methods on Graphs

The task of inferring missing links or predicting future ones in a graph based on its current structure is referred to as link prediction. Link prediction methods that are based on pairwise node similarity are well-established approaches in the literature and show good prediction performance in many real-world graphs though they are heuristic. On the other hand, graph embedding approaches learn low-dimensional representation of nodes in graph and are capable of capturing inherent graph features, and thus support the subsequent link prediction task in graph. This appraisal paper studies a selection of methods from both categories on several benchmark (homogeneous) graphs with different properties from various domains. Beyond the intra and inter category comparison of the performances of the methods our aim is also to uncover interesting connections between Graph Neural Network(GNN)-based methods and heuristic ones as a means to alleviate the black-box well-known limitation.
Hydrothermal alteration and Cu–Co mineralization at the peripheral zone (Target H) of the Kitumba iron–oxide copper–gold system, Mumbwa District, Zambia

Target H is a new Cu prospect discovered in the Mumbwa district of central Zambia. Copper mineralization in the Mumbwa district is linked to the hydrothermal system associated with the granite‐quartz syenite intrusions of the Hook batholith. The extent of the hydrothermal system has not been documented, but various Cu prospects, including Target H, have been discovered at the margins of the granite‐quartz syenite bodies. The objective of this study is to investigate the geological characteristics of the Target H prospect using petrographic, geochemical, and sulfur isotope data in order to understand the features of mineralization at the margin of the hydrothermal system. The Cu‐ and Co‐rich orebodies are hosted in siltstone and breccia correlated to the Kundelungu Group of the Neoproterozoic Katanga Supergroup rocks. The siltstone consists of alternating beds of sandstone and mudstone that are composed of diagenetic quartz, albite, dolomite, calcite, and muscovite. Breccia occurs parallel to the bedding planes and in the folded and fractured siltstone units. Lithostratigraphy is characterized by three domains: breccia, transition, and host rock, which are defined depending on the proportion of siltstone and breccia. The diagenetic minerals have been modified by hydrothermal alteration, resulting in alteration products controlled by the primary mineralogy of the host rocks: K‐feldspar and muscovite replace albite and muscovite in siltstone, while siderite and hematite replace dolomite and calcite in breccia. Hydrothermal calcite is observed in the veinlets with or without siderite and hematite. Copper mineralization is associated with hydrothermal alteration and occurs as chalcopyrite, bornite, and chalcocite in breccia and stockwork veins. Diagrams correlating geochemistry to lithology show that the bulk of Cu mineralization is hosted in the breccia. An anomalous concentration of Co occurs with Cu in breccia, but the two metals do not show similar enrichment and depletion behaviors. The Cu‐rich orebody forms in hematite‐dominated breccia domain, whereas Co‐rich orebody forms in siderite‐dominated breccia units in the transition domain. In addition to Cu and Co, geochemical data show significant enrichment of Fe, P, Ba, Mo, Pb, W, U, V, and light rare earth elements in the breccia. Sulfur isotopic values of sulfide minerals show lighter δ34S values between 5 and 9‰ in the breccia and heavy δ34S signatures of approximately 17–28‰ in the siltstone. The δ34S values measured from sulfides in the breccia were comparable to the values obtained from the Kitumba deposit, which is located at the center of the hydrothermal system. We propose a magmatic‐hydrothermal origin for the Cu‐ and Co‐rich orebodies in the breccia at Target H. Breccia was the conduit for iron‐oxide‐rich metal‐bearing fluids that originated from the Kitumba deposit. Cooling and reaction of the fluids with dolomite‐rich siltstone triggered a redox reaction that deposited Cu sulfide minerals and an anomalous concentration of Co.
Applied Systems Theory and Financial Systems. An empirical research of a Model with Moderate Variable Added on the 'CSR—CFP' Linear Relationship

In Systems Theory the financial Systems Engineering plays an important role. Whether the social responsibility of state-owned enterprises can also have a significant impact on economic performance is an important problem worthy of further exploration. Based on the stakeholder theory, this study using high-quality management theory and upper echelons theory along with the second-hand data from different sources, empirically analyzes the relationship between “corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate financial performance (CFP)” of 285 Chinese state-owned listed companies. This study simultaneously introduces the level of executives' shareholding ratio (ESR) to explore the contingent effect of this relationship. This research finds that, unlike some previous results, the CSR of state-owned listed companies significantly positively affects the CFP of the subsequent years'; More importantly, the level of executives' shareholding ratio will amplify the above relationship and play the role as the positive moderate effect. From the perspective of corporate governance, this study promotes the research on the influence mechanism of Chinese state-owned enterprises' social responsibility performance, reveals the important contextual factors which positively stimulate the relationship between “CSR—CFP”, and has important enlightenment and practical significance for the development of strategic social responsibility theory and the optimization of the corporate governance of the state-owned listed companies.