Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Different impacts of El Niño and El Niño Modoki on China rainfall in the decaying phases

In this study, we investigate the different impacts of El Niño and El Niño Modoki on China rainfall in their decaying phases. During spring, in the decaying year of El Niño events, there are positive rainfall anomalies south of the Yangtze River, whereas no obvious rainfall signals are found in the same season for the decaying El Niño Modoki. In the subsequent summer season, the wet signal south of the Yangtze River associated with El Niño continues, while suppressed rainfall now appears in the northern Yangtze–Huaihe River region. In contrast, the rainfall is above normal in the region from the Huaihe River to the Yellow River, and below normal in southern China during the summer of the decaying El Niño Modoki events. The distinct China rainfall anomaly is mainly attributed to the difference between the evolution and location of the anomalous western North Pacific (WNP) anti‐cyclone associated with El Niño and El Niño Modoki events. For the case of El Niño, the WNP anti‐cyclone brings plentiful moisture to southern China; meanwhile it shifts the ridge of sub‐tropical high westward in both spring and summer. These tend to induce positive rainfall anomalies in the southern Chinese region. In contrast, due to fast decaying of El Niño Modoki, the anomalous WNP anti‐cyclone becomes weak so that there are no significant rainfall anomalies in China. In summer, however, the WNP anti‐cyclone re‐invigorates possibly associated with a subsequent developing La Niña and extends more northwestward towards the inland region, compared to its El Niño counterpart. The anomalous moisture transport and sub‐tropical high activity associated with this WNP anti‐cyclone result in different summer rainfall anomalies in China. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
The induced thermoluminescence and thermal history of plagioclase feldspars

Abstract Feldspars are a common component in igneous and metamorphic rocks. Most feldspars exhibit luminescence, and this has proved useful in a number of mineralogical applications. In this paper, we concentrate on the thermoluminescence (TL) properties of feldspar, or the luminescence produced when a sample of feldspar is heated. We determined the induced TL properties of four feldspars of various compositions in their natural states, and after heating, and we compared the TL data with structural changes as determined by X-ray diffraction. The major TL peak at 120-240 °C in the TL glow curve, a plot of light intensity against temperature, varies significantly among feldsparbearing samples. Meteorites and lunar samples with slow cooling histories of ∼10 °C/My as determined by independent methods, have induced TL peak temperatures of ∼120 °C, while samples with fast cooling histories (∼100 °C/My) have induced TL peak temperatures of ∼220 °C. This variation in TL peak temperature can be reproduced by heating the present feldspar samples, meteorites and lunar samples prior to the TL measurement. Most of the present samples in their natural state had TL peak temperatures of ∼120 °C. Heating below 750 °C in the laboratory caused no change in TL peak temperatures or the structural disorder of the feldspar, while heating >750 °C caused TL peak temperatures to move to ∼220 °C and disordered the feldspar structure. We suggest that induced TL peak temperature in feldspar is influenced by the degree of Al-Si ordering in the feldspar. Thus, induced TL peak temperature can be used as an indicator of cooling rate for igneous and metamorphic rocks.
The Effects of Customers’ Bargaining Power on Capital Expenditure and Earnings Management: Evidence from Taiwan

This paper examines the effects of the relationship between suppliers and customers on a company's earnings management and the effects of accrual-based and real activities earnings management on the capital expenditure of a company. We also examine the influence of the bargaining power of major customers on earnings management and how this bagaining power intervenes in the relationship between capital expenditure and earnings management. When the bargaining power of major consumers is measured by the HHI index, the result shows that the higher the capital expenditure of a company, the greater the compnay's accrual earning managemet. If the bargaining power of major customers is measured at the thresholds of 5% and 10% of sales percentage, the higher the capital expenditure, the greater the real earnigs management. The stronger the bargaining power of major customers, the larger the real activities and accrual-based earnings management of the company. Moreover, there is a causal relationship between capital expenditure and earnings management. The bargining power plays an important role in the relatinship between earnings management and capital expenditure.
Trio Constrained Adaptive Noise Removal (TCANR) Mechanism for Salt and Pepper Noise in Image Classification

: Noise removal (also called as denoising) of an image is a vital task in multi-class image classification. Three major shortcomings in Weighted Nuclear Norm Minimization (WNNM) are identified. Firstly, WNNM’s patch matching based on the noisy data will considerably augment the risk of patch mismatching. This shortcoming is overcome by performing the grouping task based on noise contentment. Secondly, the fixed feedback percentage which keeps on feeds back ten percent of the residual image to the next iteration despite the consequences of noise levels. This shortcoming is ruled out by incorporating relative feedback mechanism. Finally, the unchanged / constant number of iterations for different noise not considering the distinctions in image content that which will certainly fails to deem the degree of detail in the image. For this variable termination criterion is used. The proposed work is named as Trio Constrained Adaptive Noise Removal (TCANR). Performance metric peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) is chosen. Four existing methods are taken into account for comparing the proposed TCANR. Extensive simulations are conducted using MATLAB and the results prove that the proposed TCANR performs better in terms of PSNR when compared with the existing methods.
Polymer adsorption on iron oxide nanoparticles for one-step amino-functionalized silica encapsulation

This paper presents an original method to obtain, in one step, core/shell nanoparticles grafted covalently with polymer and functionalized with amino groups. By combining polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and silica precursors, we were able to obtain silica-coated and amino-functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) cross-linked with PVA. We also showed that using silica and amino-silica precursors together significantly increased the amount of PVA covalently bonded to the SPION surface compared to using only silica precursors. This original and interesting method has high potential for the industrial development of biocompatible functionalized nanoparticles for targeting nanomedicine.
Caries prevalence and some associated factors in 6-9-year-old schoolchildren in

mean dmft and DMFT index were 1.78± 2.41 (67 years old = 1.77± ± 2.46; 8-9 years old = 1.83± 2.22) and 0.34 ± 0.83 (6-7 years old = 0.23± 0.66; 8-9 years old = 0.71± 1.17), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that older age (OR= 3.19), female sex (OR= 2.06), presence of enamel defects (OR= 4.11), and caries in the primary teeth (OR=2.95) were associated with DMFT>0. Discussion. This study confirmed that caries status in the primary teeth could be used as a risk indicator for caries in the permanent teeth of Mexican schoolage children. The collected epidemiological data may be used to improve public oral health service planning and resource allocation. (Rev Biomed 2006; 17:25-33)
Controls on Facies Mosaics of Carbonate Platforms: A Case Study from the Oxfordian of the Swiss Jura

Modern shallow-water carbonate systems commonly display a complex pattern of juxtaposed depositional environments with a patchy facies distribution (facies mosaics). On ancient carbonate platforms, the reconstruction of lateral facies distribution is often hampered not only by discontinuous outcrop but also by lack of sufficiently high time resolution. This case study from the Oxfordian (Late Jurassic) of the Swiss Jura Mountains shows a way to improve the temporal and spatial resolution for the interpretation of carbonate rocks. We have performed a sequence-stratigraphic and cyclostratigraphic analysis that allows defining depositional sequences, which formed through sea-level changes that were induced by the 400-, 100-, and 20-kyr orbital cycles. On the 100-kyr scale, sequence boundaries are well developed and can be correlated between sections. However, identification and correlation of sequences related to the 20-kyr cycle may be difficult if local processes overprinted the record of orbitally controlled sea-level changes. The reconstruction of facies distribution along selected time lines gives a dynamic picture of platform evolution with time steps of a few tenthousand years and helps interpret the controlling factors such as differential subsidence, lowamplitude eustatic sea-level fluctuations, climate and ecology of the carbonate-producing organisms. Reefs and ooid shoals developed preferentially on topographic highs and thus accentuated platform morphology. Siliciclastics were shed onto the platform during sea-level drops and rainfall in the hinterland; their distribution was controlled by platform morphology. Siliciclastics and associated nutrients hindered carbonate production and thus indirectly influenced platform morphology. In addition to these controls, random processes acted on the smaller-scale facies relationships. Sedimentation rates can be estimated for each facies type over time spans of 10 to 20 kyr. They can thus be compared more easily with Holocene rates than if averaged over millions of years. Our study shows that the Oxfordian platform in the Swiss Jura was as complex and dynamic as Holocene carbonate systems.
Cr(VI) formation during ozonation of Cr-containing materials in aqueous suspension – implications for water treatment

Ozonation, or advanced oxidation processes (utilising ozone decomposition products as oxidants) are widely used in industrial wastewater and drinking water treatment plants. In these applications the use of ozone is based on ozone and its decomposition by-products being strong oxidants. In this paper, the possible oxidation of non-Cr(VI) Cr-containing materials suspended in water during ozonation, is presented. This study is of particular interest within the South African context, considering that South Africa holds the majority of global chromium ore resources and has the largest Cr-related industry in the world. Chromium also occurs commonly in other industrial waste materials and is a naturally-occurring element in the crust of the earth. Results indicated that in situ formation of Cr(VI) is possible during aqueous ozonation. pH had a significant influence, since the decomposition products of aqueous O3, i.e. hydroxyl radicals formed at higher pH levels, were found to be predominantly responsible for Cr(VI) formation. Increased ozonation contact time, water temperature and solid loading also resulted in higher Cr(VI) concentrations being formed.
FREE VIBRATION AND BUCKLING ANALYSIS OF HIGHER ORDER LAMINATED COMPOSITE PLATES USING THE ISOGEOMETRIC APPROACH

This research paper presents a higher order isogeometric laminated composite plate finite element formulation. The isogeometric formulation is based on NURBS (non-uniform rational B-splines) basis functions of varying degree. Plate kinematics is based on the third order shear deformation theory (TSDT) of Reddy in order to avoid shear locking. Free vibration and the buckling response of laminated composite plates are obtained and efficiency of the method is considered. Numerical results with different element order are presented and the obtained results are compared to analytical and conventional numerical results as well as existing isogeometric plate finite elements.
INFLUENCE OF SULFATE AEROSOL PARTICLES ON RADIATIVE PROPERTIES OF CLOUDS

Tropospheric aerosols, from natural and anthropogenic sources, may have a significant influence on the radiative balance of the Earth by their direct and indirect effects. The a im of this paper is to study the interactions between aerosol particles (SO4 2- ) and the cloud radiative properties. Consequently, using the production p arameters and bu rdens of SO4 2- predicted b y eleven chemical t ransport models, we have calculated the microphysical parameters: liquid water content, cloud d roplet number concentration, effective radius, cloud albedo, and the susceptibility (the sensitivity of cloud albedo to changes in cloud droplet number concentration(CDNC)). The relationships proposed by Boucher and Lohmann (1995) and by Menon and Saxena (1998) were used to compare the values of CDNC for maritime and continental clouds. The obtained values of the cloud p arameters with these relationships are in agreement with the results from satellitare data for small amounts of sulfate mass concentration. Consequently, new approximations or corrections are necessary for the relationships between aerosol sulfate mass and cloud droplet number concentrations, for higher values of sulfate amount. Aerosols have a direct radiative forcing because they scatter and absorb solar and infrared radiation in the atmosphere. Aerosols also alter the formation and precipitation efficiency of liquid-water, ice and mixed-phase clouds, thereby causing an indirect radiative forcing associated with the changes in cloud properties. The quantification o f aerosol radiative forcing is more complex than the quantification o f greenhouse gases radiative forcing because aerosol mass and particle number concentrations are highly v ariable in space and time. The indirect effects (Twomey, 1977, Albrecht, 1989, and Pincus and Baker, 1994) are far more complex and more difficult to assess than the direct effect, because they depend on a chain o f phenomena that connect chemical and physical properties of aerosol to concentration o f cloud condensation n uclei (CCN), then CCN concentrations to cloud droplet number concentrations (CDNC) and these, in turn, the cloud albedo. Therefore, it is a great challenge in adequately characterising the nature and occurrence of atmospheric aerosols and in including their effects in models to reduce uncertainties in climate prediction. Large uncertainties appears because aerosols: originate from a variety o f sources, are distributed across a wide spectrum of
Developing Cloud OS

This computing which runs on a web browser. It provides access to a number of web applications through internet without booting the whole OS. The purpose behind Cloud Operating System is that the full system is running on the Web browser and lives on it. Cloud OS is thought of as a new era of an Operating System in which everything inside an Operating System can be accessed from everywhere inside a specific network. The user just need to login onto the web browser and thus can have access to his personalized web-tops where all the applications and data is stored. In this paper it will discuss what is the difference between the Cloud OS and a simple Operating System and how the Cloud OS is developed defining all the requirements and functionalities of a cloud OS. We will also discuss in detail about the load balancing, Georeplication Data Storage and Virtualization in Cloud OS.
ANALYSIS OF TWO-STAGE ENDO-ATMOSPHERIC SEPARATION USING STATISTICAL METHODS

In this paper, selection and analysis of an atmospheric two stage separation system is discussed. The main purpose of this system is to test a supersonic parachute projectile, where a stage separation occurs after the burn out. Subsequently, the parachute is ejected from the payload after a minimum elapsed time. The separation times, for the supersonic parachute ejection, as well as the time needed for a safe clearing distance between the two stages are two critical issues in the separation process. In this respect, the knowledge of the relative position between the two stages is necessary to assure a safe distance and in order to adjust the required system parameters. In addition, as the nature of the parameters involved in the separation process is not deterministic, it would be useful to utilize the concept of random variables in the dynamic modeling of the separation process. In this paper, the modeling and simulation of the separation process is initially performed and partially verified. Subsequently, an approximate statistical method is utilized to acquire some probabilistic information about the relative distances at the two critical times. According to the simulation results, the relative distance between the two stages falls in a safe region. Finally, Monte Carlo simulation is also performed for comparison and verification of the statistical results that indicated a small and acceptable deviation between the two approaches. Thus, it can be concluded that the simpler approximate statistical approach is also valid for uncertainty analysis and can provide valuable knowledge needed in the preliminary design phase of the separation system.
R ecommender System in Big Data Environment

Recommender systems are an Artificial Intelligence technology that has become an essential part of business for many industries and businesses. Recommender Systems (RSs) are software tools and techniques providing suggestions for items to be of use to a user. The system learns from a customer and recommends products that she will find most valuable from among the available products. They serve many types of E-commerce applications, from direct product recommendation for an individual to helping someone find a gift for a third party [10]. Recently the world of the web has become more social and more real-time. Facebook and Twitter [16] are perhaps the exemplars of a new generation of social, real-time web services and we believe these types of service provide a fertile ground for recommender systems research. In this research project, the researcher tries to provide a present an analysis of how recommender systems can be used in E-commerce today, companies, SMEs, and other social institutions to improve sales, maintain good customer relationship and loyalty, and saves customers sourcing time. Recommender Systems too can also be used to analyze Big Data, although there are some key challenges associated with Big Data analytics. The impact of data abundance extends well beyond business [15]. But the computer tools for gleaning knowledge and insights from the Internet era’s vast trove of unstructured data are fast gaining ground. At the forefront are the rapidly advancing techniques of artificial intelligence like natural-language processing, pattern recognition and machine learning. The researcher hopes that these key problems with improved recommender systems in the future: hybrid data, predictable recommendations, scalability, and incorporation of con tent, such problems could be resolved. If recommender systems are able to surmount these challenges, they have the potential to become an essential component of doing business in Ecommerce
Wearable Robots in rehabilitative therapy: A step towards transhumanism or an ecological support?

In the present paper we want to argue that Wearable Robots (i.e., technological devices used to restore the possibility of walking and re-establishing “normal” human life) should not necessarily be anthropomorphic, in order to respect human autonomy, freedom, and nature. Moreover, we argue that this non-anthropomorphism does not necessarily lead to transhumanism. To adequately discuss this topic, we are called to consider various aspects embedded in the question: the difference between restoring and enhancing, i.e., the difference between considering human nature as normative, or will (or wish) as the main criterion of choice; the difference between exceeding the limits of human nature (i.e., human enhancement) and restoring human functions; and, finally, the nature of the function itself. We will introduce a “weak” notion of autonomy and freedom, dealing with rehabilitation and motility, in order to assess the use of Wearable Robots in rehabilitative medicine. Hence we will argue that the less constraints that patients have, the freer they are. All these aspects also imply an anthropological and ecological view, since they have to do with the relationship of the human being with its environment. Keywords: human ecology, Wearable Robots, Transhumanism, anthropomorphism, Arne Naess, environment.
Toward ensemble asteroseismology of ZZ Ceti stars with fully evolutionary models

ZZ Ceti stars form the most numerous group of degenerate variable stars. They are otherwise normal DA (H-rich atmospheres) white dwarfs that exhibit pulsations. Here, we present an asteroseismological analysis for 44 bright ZZ Ceti stars based on a new set of fully evolutionary DA white dwarf models characterized by detailed chemical profiles from the centre to the surface. One of our targets is the archetypal ZZ Ceti star G117−B15A, for which we obtain an asteroseismological model with an effective temperature and a surface gravity in excellent agreement with the spectroscopy. The asteroseismological analysis of a set of 44 ZZ Ceti stars has the potential to characterize the global properties of the class, in particular the thicknesses of the hydrogen envelope and the stellar masses. Our results support the belief that white dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood harbour a broad range of hydrogen-layer thickness.
Effects of high dose coffee intake on aerobic power in dragon female athletes

Background: There are few studies that consider the effect of high doses of caffeine on aerobic power (VO2max). Also, to date, no study examined the effect of coffee intake on dragon boat paddler specifically on women. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of espresso coffee on improvement of aerobic power of dragon boat paddler. Material: Twenty women athletes of Guilan dragon bout team members of Malavan club of port city of Anzali (mean ±SD age, 23.60± 3.49 years; BMI,23.77±1.88kg/m2; body fat, 30.32±4.65%) were recruited to this study, after they completed a primary test without consuming any coffee, they consumed 6mg/kg of coffee (espresso or decaffeinated) and following that they completed two experimental trials. A randomized, double-blind, repeated-measures, design was employed whereby paddlers complete a 2000m paddling dragon boat ergo-meter. Results: Coffee could improve VO2max (Without coffee =74.40±4.99, Espresso coffee =90.10±6.19, Decaffeinated coffee =91.00±5.67, P<0.05). VO2max amount after exercise were significantly higher for both espresso coffee and decaffeinated coffee, when compared with without coffee condition. No significant differences were observed between espresso coffee and decaffeinated coffee (P<0.05). Conclusion: The present study shows that both high doses of caffeine (espresso coffee) and decaffeinated coffee can enhance VO2max during aerobic exercise including 2000m dragon boat paddling. It seems that some compounds except caffeine in decaffeinated coffee can act improve VO2max. Further studies needed for considering the effect of high doses of coffee on endurance exercises. Also in other age ranges of women athletes and other sport athletes.