Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of educational intervention based on the health belief model on observing standard precautions among emergency center nurses in Sirjan, Iran

Providing health care services has always been considered as a hazardous job due to a number of reasons. The risk of blood-borne viruses and the importance of their prevention has led to the formulation of principles called standard precautions (SPs). The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of an educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model constructs on the behavior of nurses in emergency centers regarding observing SPs in Sirjan, Iran. This was a quasi-experimental study. The study population included 100 emergency personnel working in health centers in Sirjan city (of Iran), who were randomly divided into two intervention (n = 50) and control (n = 50) groups. The educational intervention was conducted over two sessions each lasting for 60 min. Information was collected by a questionnaire (with 64 questions), completed in an interview conducted directly before the intervention and 3 months later. Data were analyzed using the χ2 test, t-test and paired t-test.The results showed nurses did not have enough information about SPs, but after the intervention, knowledge scores increased in both groups. In the Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs, significant differences were observed in perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits and barriers, cues to action and self-efficacy, after the intervention, in the intervention group (P < 0.001), but not in the control group (P > 0.05). HBM was effective in educating SPs among emergency personnel.
Accuracy of bone resection in total knee arthroplasty using CT assisted-3D printed patient specific cutting guides

Introduction: We conducted this study to determine if the pre-surgical patient specific instrumented planning based on Computed Tomography (CT) scans can accurately predict each of the femoral and tibial resections performed through 3D printed cutting guides. The technique helps in optimization of component positioning determined by accurate bone resection and hence overall alignment thereby reducing errors. Methods: Prophecy evolution medial pivot patient specific instrumented knee replacement systems were used for end stage arthrosis in all consecutive cases over a period of 20 months by a single surgeon. All resections (4 femoral and 2 tibial) were measured using a vernier callipers intraoperatively. These respective measurements were then compared with the preoperative CT predicted bone resection surgical plan to determine margins of errors that were categorized into 7 groups (0 mm to ≥2.6 mm). Results: A total of 3618 measurements (averaged to 1206) were performed in 201 knees (105 right and 96 left) in 188 patients (112 females and 76 males) with an average age of 67.72 years (44 to 90 years) and average BMI of 32.3 (25.1 to 42.3). 94% of all collected resection readings were below the error margin of ≤1.5 mm of which 90% showed resection error of ≤1 mm. Mean error of different resections were ≤0.60 mm (P ≤ 0.0001). In 24% of measurements there were no errors or deviations from the templated resection (0.0 mm). Conclusion: The 3D printed cutting blocks with slots for jigs accurately predict bone resections in patient specific instrumentation total knee arthroplasty which would directly affect component positioning.
Whole genome and transcriptome maps of the entirely black native Korean chicken breed Yeonsan Ogye

Yeonsan Ogye (YO), an indigenous Korean chicken breed (gallus gallus domesticus), has entirely black external features and internal organs. In this study, the draft genome of YO was assembled using a hybrid de novo assembly method that takes advantage of high-depth Illumina short-reads (232.2X) and low-depth PacBio long-reads (11.5X). Although the contig and scaffold N50s (defined as the shortest contig or scaffold length at 50% of the entire assembly) of the initial de novo assembly were 53.6Kbp and 10.7Mbp, respectively, additional and pseudo-reference-assisted assemblies extended the assembly to 504.8Kbp for contig N50 (pseudo-contig) and 21.2Mbp for scaffold N50, which included 551 structural variations including the Fibromelanosis (FM) locus duplication, compared to galGal4 and 5. The completeness (97.6%) of the draft genome (Ogye_1) was evaluated with single copy orthologous genes using BUSCO, and found to be comparable to the current chicken reference genome (galGal5; 97.4%), which was assembled with a long read-only method, and superior to other avian genomes (92~93%), assembled with short read-only and hybrid methods. To comprehensively reconstruct transcriptome maps, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) data were analyzed from twenty different tissues, including black tissues. The maps included 15,766 protein-coding and 6,900 long non-coding RNA genes, many of which were expressed in the tissue-specific manner, closely related with the DNA methylation pattern in the promoter regions.
Differential expression of intestinal nutrient transporters and host defense peptides in Eimeria maxima‐infected Fayoumi and Ross chickens

Abstract Fayoumi chickens are believed to be more disease resistant compared to commercial broiler chickens. The objective of this study was to compare mRNA expression of intestinal nutrient transporters, digestive enzymes, and host defense peptides (HDP) between Eimeria maxima‐challenged Fayoumi and Ross broiler chickens. At 21 d of age, Ross broilers and Fayoumi lines M5.1 and M15.2 were challenged with 1,000 E. maxima oocysts. Control birds were not challenged. Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were sampled (n = 6) at 7 d post challenge. Gene expression was analyzed using relative quantification PCR. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and significance level was set at P < 0.05. There was numerical, but not statistically significant, differential weight gain depression for Ross (15%) and Fayoumi lines M5.1 (21%) and M15.2 (22%) and significant line‐specific changes in gene expression. For nutrient transporters, there was downregulation of mRNA for the brush border membrane, amino acid transporters b0,+AT/rBAT, BoAT, and EAAT3 in different segments of the small intestine of Ross and both lines of Fayoumi chickens, indicating that E. maxima challenge likely caused a decrease in nutrient uptake. For HDP, there was downregulation of avian beta defensin (AvBD) 1, 6, 10, 12, and 13 mRNA in the jejunum of the 2 Fayoumi lines, but no change in the Ross broilers. In the duodenum, there was upregulation of AvBD10 mRNA in the Ross and both Fayoumi lines and additionally upregulation of AvBD11, 12, and 13 mRNA in only Fayoumi line M15.2. Liver expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) mRNA was downregulated in the duodenum and jejunum of Ross and Fayoumi line M5.1 but not in Fayoumi line M15.2. The homeostatic, non‐challenged levels of AvBD mRNA were greater in Fayoumi line M15.2 than Ross and Fayoumi line M5.1 in the duodenum and ileum. This study demonstrates tissue‐ and genetic line‐specific transcriptional responses to E. maxima, highlights novel potential candidate genes for response to coccidiosis, and confirms a role for several previously reported genes in response to coccidiosis.
Advances in microwave-assisted synthesis and the impact of novel drug discovery

ABSTRACT Introduction: Microwave (MW)-assisted synthesis of biologically active compounds has received a lot of attention in the last decades due to the advantages that such a technique offers compared to traditional heating procedures. Areas covered: The authors provide a focused review on the recent applications of this technique for drug design purposes. MW syntheses have been used for designing libraries of compounds, in combinatorial and multicomponent approaches, for lead optimization, as well as for forcing reactions which do not occur or occur in low yields using traditional methods. Expert opinion: This technique offers significant advantages over the traditional heating due to the fact that the reaction time is shortened, the possibility to have concurrent side reactions is decreased and the use of smaller amounts of polluting solvents is also reduced. However, no significant technical advances have been reported for MW-assisted devices in the last years, with the important novelty being only in the type of reactions/compounds that have been investigated and synthesized using the MW heating approach
Hybrid positron emission tomography–magnetic resonance of the heart: current state of the art and future applications

Abstract Hybrid positron emission tomography–magnetic resonance (PET-MR) imaging is a novel imaging modality with emerging applications for cardiovascular disease. PET-MR aims to combine the high-spatial resolution morphological and functional assessment afforded by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the ability of positron emission tomography (PET) for quantification of metabolism, perfusion, and inflammation. The fusion of these two modalities into a single imaging platform not only represents an opportunity to acquire complementary information from a single scan, but also allows motion correction for PET with reduction in ionising radiation. This article presents a brief overview of PET-MR technology followed by a review of the published literature on the clinical cardio-vascular applications of PET and MRI performed separately and with hybrid PET-MR.
Improving telestroke treatment times through a quality improvement initiative in a Singapore emergency department.

INTRODUCTION Telestroke allows for remote determination of suitability for treatment with thrombolysis in patients with acute ischaemic stroke. However, this approach is time-dependent and most centres have yet to achieve the recommended treatment times. We describe a quality improvement initiative aimed at improving the telestroke workflow and treatment times at our centre. METHODS A multidisciplinary workgroup comprising clinicians, stroke case managers and radiology staff was formed to oversee the initiative. A phase-by-phase review of the existing workflow was done to identify the reasons for delay. Phase-specific measures were then introduced to address these delays, and a data-monitoring system was established to track the impact of these measures. The initiatives were implemented through four Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles. The door-to-needle (DTN) times for thrombolysis and clinical outcomes before and after the interventions were compared. RESULTS A total of 104 patients were evaluated. The median DTN time improved from 96 minutes to 78 minutes post implementation of initiatives (p = 0.003). Fewer patients had symptomatic intracranial haemorrhages (8.5% vs. 24.2%; p = 0.03), and more patients had improvements in their National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (47.9% vs. 25.0%; p = 0.031) after the initiatives were introduced. CONCLUSION The quality improvement initiative resulted in a reduction in median DTN time. Our approach allowed for a systematic method to resolve delays within the telestroke workflow. This initiative is part of an ongoing effort aimed at providing thrombolysis safely to eligible patients in the shortest possible time.
Pathways regulating decreased soil respiration with warming in a biocrust‐dominated dryland

A positive soil carbon (C)‐climate feedback is embedded into the climatic models of the IPCC. However, recent global syntheses indicate that the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (RS) in drylands, the largest biome on Earth, is actually lower in warmed than in control plots. Consequently, soil C losses with future warming are expected to be low compared with other biomes. Nevertheless, the empirical basis for these global extrapolations is still poor in drylands, due to the low number of field experiments testing the pathways behind the long‐term responses of soil respiration (RS) to warming. Importantly, global drylands are covered with biocrusts (communities formed by bryophytes, lichens, cyanobacteria, fungi, and bacteria), and thus, RS responses to warming may be driven by both autotrophic and heterotrophic pathways. Here, we evaluated the effects of 8‐year experimental warming on RS, and the different pathways involved, in a biocrust‐dominated dryland in southern Spain. We also assessed the overall impacts on soil organic C (SOC) accumulation over time. Across the years and biocrust cover levels, warming reduced RS by 0.30 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1 (95% CI = −0.24 to 0.84), although the negative warming effects were only significant after 3 years of elevated temperatures in areas with low initial biocrust cover. We found support for different pathways regulating the warming‐induced reduction in RS at areas with low (microbial thermal acclimation via reduced soil mass‐specific respiration and β‐glucosidase enzymatic activity) vs. high (microbial thermal acclimation jointly with a reduction in autotrophic respiration from decreased lichen cover) initial biocrust cover. Our 8‐year experimental study shows a reduction in soil respiration with warming and highlights that biocrusts should be explicitly included in modeling efforts aimed to quantify the soil C–climate feedback in drylands.
Early mannitol-triggered changes in the Arabidopsis leaf (phospho)proteome reveal growth regulators

Drought is one of the most detrimental environmental stresses to which plants are exposed. Especially mild drought is relevant to agriculture and significantly affects plant growth and development. In plant research, mannitol is often used to mimic drought stress and study the underlying responses. In growing leaf tissue of plants exposed to mannitol-induced stress, a highly-interconnected gene regulatory network is induced. However, early signaling and associated protein phosphorylation events that likely precede part of these transcriptional changes are largely unknown. Here, we performed a full proteome and phosphoproteome analysis on growing leaf tissue of Arabidopsis plants exposed to mild mannitol-induced stress and captured the fast (within the first half hour) events associated with this stress. Based on this in-depth data analysis, 167 and 172 differentially regulated proteins and phosphorylated sites were found back, respectively. Additionally, we identified H(+)-ATPASE 2 (AHA2) and CYSTEINE-RICH REPEAT SECRETORY PROTEIN 38 (CRRSP38) as novel regulators of shoot growth under osmotic stress. Highlight We captured early changes in the Arabidopsis leaf proteome and phosphoproteome upon mild mannitol stress and identified AHA2 and CRRSP38 as novel regulators of shoot growth under osmotic stress
Corpora amylacea in prostatectomy tissue and associations with molecular, histological, and lifestyle factors

Corpora amylacea are amyloid bodies commonly found adjacent to damaged prostate epithelium. Little is known about their formation or function. The current study sought to characterize corpora amylacea in prostate tissue and to describe their relationship with clinical, histological, molecular, and lifestyle factors, especially with chronic inflammation which is associated with aggressive disease.
IntRepair: Informed Repairing of Integer Overflows

Integer overflows have threatened software applications for decades. Thus, in this paper, we propose a novel technique to provide automatic repairs of integer overflows in <monospace>C</monospace> source code. Our technique, based on static symbolic execution, fuses <italic>detection</italic>, <italic>repair generation</italic> and <italic>validation</italic>. This technique is implemented in a prototype named <sc>IntRepair</sc>. We applied <sc>IntRepair</sc> to 2,052 <monospace>C</monospace> programs (approx. 1 million lines of code) contained in SAMATE's Juliet test suite and 50 synthesized programs that range up to 20 KLOC. Our experimental results show that <sc>IntRepair</sc> is able to effectively detect integer overflows and successfully repair them, while only increasing the source code (LOC) and binary (Kb) size by around 1 percent, respectively. Further, we present the results of a user study with 30 participants which shows that <sc>IntRepair</sc> repairs are more than 10x efficient as compared to manually generated code repairs.
Capture enrichment of aquatic environmental DNA: A first proof of concept

Environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling—the detection of genetic material in the environment to infer species presence—has rapidly grown as a tool for sampling aquatic animal communities. A potentially powerful feature of environmental sampling is that all taxa within the habitat shed DNA and so may be detectable, creating opportunity for whole‐community assessments. However, animal DNA in the environment tends to be comparatively rare, making it necessary to enrich for genetic targets from focal taxa prior to sequencing. Current metabarcoding approaches for enrichment rely on bulk amplification using conserved primer annealing sites, which can result in skewed relative sequence abundance and failure to detect some taxa because of PCR bias. Here, we test capture enrichment via hybridization as an alternative strategy for target enrichment using a series of experiments on environmental samples and laboratory‐generated, known‐composition DNA mixtures. Capture enrichment resulted in detecting multiple species in both kinds of samples, and postcapture relative sequence abundance accurately reflected initial relative template abundance. However, further optimization is needed to permit reliable species detection at the very low‐DNA quantities typical of environmental samples (<0.1 ng DNA). We estimate that our capture protocols are comparable to, but less sensitive than, current PCR‐based eDNA analyses.
Finite-Time Decentralized Control of IT2 T–S Fuzzy Interconnected Systems With Discontinuous Interconnections

This paper investigates the finite-time decentralized control problem for interconnected systems with discontinuous interconnections. By using the interval type-2 Takagi–Sugeno (IT2 T–S) fuzzy model, a unified IT2 T–S fuzzy interconnected system is provided, in which the global system is described as a fuzzy blending of local subsystems under IF-THEN rules. In addition, based on the differential inclusion theory, the solutions of such discontinuous system are defined in the sense of Filippov. In order to stabilize the considered system in finite time, several decentralized discontinuous state feedback controllers are proposed. Furthermore, by the finite-time stabilization theory and generalized Lyapunov functional method, decentralized control is carried out and several sufficient criteria are derived to ensure the finite-time stabilization of the concerned system. Correspondingly, the settling times for stabilization are given. Finally, the proposed methodology is illustrated by an example.
Optimal pressure comfort design for pilot helmets

Abstract With the development of high-performance fighters, the function of pilot helmets is also constantly upgrading, and helmet-mounted display (HMD) has become a future development trend. To solve the inter-restriction between the eye position control and the pressure comfort under high overloads of pilot helmets, this paper optimizes the helmet design by building a head-helmet finite element model: (1) Under a 10 G overload, the deformation of helmet soft liner should not exceed 2 mm; and (2) The combination of liner materials used in various areas should satisfy the requirements of most comfortable head pressure distribution (Pfront: Ptop: Pside: Pback = 2:2:1:3). The study on 46 different combinations of materials finds that the helmet can meet both the eye position maintenance requirement under overloads and the requirement of comfortable pressure distribution when linear elastic materials with Young’s modulus of 1000 pa, 55000 pa and 65000 pa are used for the side, top and front parts of the head, and nonlinear elastic hyperfoam material with two-fold stress variation is used for the head back area.
Prognostic significance of the expression of HER family members in primary osteosarcoma

The prognosis of patients with metastatic osteosarcoma is poor and has shown no significant improvement in nearly 20 years. The human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (HER) family is frequently overexpressed in the majority of human carcinomas, and is involved in promoting the proliferation and survival of cancer cells. However, the role of EGFR and HER-2 expression in osteosarcoma survival remains controversial and no previous study has simultaneously investigated the association of the expression of all the four HER family members with the prognostic significance of osteosarcoma. Therefore, the present study investigated the expression levels of the complete members of the HER family in osteosarcoma specimens, as well as their associations with the clinicopathological parameters, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) time of patients with osteosarcoma. The expression of HER family members was detected in osteosarcoma tumor specimens from 60 patients using immunohistochemistry. The association of the expression of HER receptors in osteosarcoma with clinicopathological parameters was analyzed using χ2 test and Fishers exact test. Survival analyses were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression model. Overall, 18 (30%), 13 (22%), 23 (38%) and 19 (32%) patients presented with high expression of EGFR, HER-2, HER-3 and HER-4, respectively, and the co-expression of 2, 3 and all 4 members of the HER family was observed. High expression of EGFR and HER-4 was associated with distant metastasis. High HER-3 expression was significantly associated with an advanced Enneking stage and distant metastasis. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the expression of EGFR, HER-3, HER-4, EGFR/HER-3, EGFR/HER-4 and HER-3/HER-4 was an independent predictor of poor PFS and OS time in osteosarcoma patients with stage I–IIB disease. In patients with stage IIB osteosarcoma, the expression of HER-4 and EGFR/HER-4 demonstrated a more significant effect on PFS and OS time. In conclusion, therapies targeting EGFR, HER-3 and HER-4 may provide promising strategies for primary osteosarcoma.
Cost‐effectiveness of a tailored Helicobacter pylori eradication strategy based on the presence of a 23S ribosomal RNA point mutation that causes clarithromycin resistance in Korean patients

The Helicobacter pylori eradication rate using conventional triple therapy has decreased due to clarithromycin (CAM) resistance in H. pylori. Recently, dual priming oligonucleotide (DPO)‐based multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used to detect H. pylori and point mutations in the 23S ribosomal RNA gene causing CAM resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the success rate and cost‐effectiveness of tailored H. pylori eradication using DPO‐PCR.