Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a New Adjustable Mixer Base on Large Eddy Simulation

Abstract. This paper presents a new type of adjustable mixing equipment, and the internal flow field of the adjustable mixer have been studied by using the model of LES(Large eddy simulation),and the pressure loss, the speed change and vortex scale have been studied. In conclusion, along with blades angle and number increases, the flow resistance increases violently, so the range of blade rotating angle should be controlled within 30 degrees. As the depth of the pipeline velocity is increasingly large, large velocity gradient is contributed to the collisions between the colloidal particles. In pre-mixed, the vortex effect of the pipeline highly enhances the vortex diffusion, and improves the mixing efficiency. The vortex strength will be reinforced and dimension will be reduced, with the vanes cutting the flow, which can help flocculation.
Modelling spatial heterogeneity in the haemodynamic response with implications for neuroimaging

Background: A foundational assumption of neuroimaging is the central volume principle (CVP): the mean transit time of oxygen particles in the brain equals the ratio of blood vessel volume to blood flow. Changes in mean transit time are expected to cause detectable changes in images produced by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The CVP assumes a uniform distribution of transit times, but in fact blood vessel volumes are spatially heterogeneous. This thesis examines the implications of spatial heterogeneity for fMRI research. Methods: An amended form of the CVP that accounts for spatial heterogeneity is developed and parameterised using empirical data. Implications of spatial heterogeneity and oxygen extraction for fMRI research are then examined using computer simulations. Results: Spatial heterogeneity significantly reduces mean transit times; however, parameterisation of the model shows that, contrary to expectation, transit times might be uniformly distributed rather than heterogeneous. Nonetheless, computer simulations showed that common experimental designs are inadequate to detect clinically meaningful changes in transit time. Again, contrary to expectation, oxygen extraction is found to have no significant effect on mean transit time. Conclusion: This thesis casts doubt on the degree to which spatial heterogeneity causes problems in neuroimaging, but nonetheless reaffirms that existing experimental designs are
IC truly random number generators based on regular & chaotic sampling of chaotic waveforms

Two random number generation methods based on regular and chaotic sampling of chaotic waveforms are introduced. IC truly random number generators based on these methods are also presented. Simulation and experimental results, verifying the feasibilities and correct operations of the circuits, are given. Numerical models for the proposed TRNG designs have been developed leading the realization of the random number generator circuits. Moreover, a feedback strategy including offset and frequency compensation circuits have been developed in order to maximize the statistical quality of the output sequence and to be robust against external interference, parameter variations and attacks. Prototype chips have been fabricated by using HHNEC's 0.25 µm eFlash process with a supply voltage of 2.5V, which feature throughput in the order of a few Mbps and fulfill the NIST-800-22 statistical test suites for randomness without post-processing.
Design of Wireless Voice Communication System in Underground Coal Mine Based on ZigBee

For disadvantages of the present mine voice communication systems, a kind of wireless voice communication system based on Zig Bee is put forward. The paper provides detailed informations about hardware and software of the wireless voice communication device. In the system, adopt CC2530 as RF sending-receiving unit of voice communication node, convert speech signals to digital or analog signals by CSP1027, encode or decode quantized voice data by AMBE voice codec technology and realize voice message two-way wireless communication over the Zig Bee wireless communication protocol IEEE 802.15. 4 between voice communication devices. Experiments have shown that voice communication device can get a clear voice and have a high reliability in the effective distance of communication, meet the requirements of voice communication.
Estimation of punching shear fatigue strength for steel plate‐concrete composite decks

In Japan a steel plate‐concrete composite deck, i.e. concrete connected to steel base plates with shear studs, is called a Robinson‐type deck. In order to decrease the deflection of the steel base plate due to the weight of the concrete, the steel base plate is stiffened with steel lateral ribs. In recent years the composite deck has been used for many highway bridge decks, such as steel twin‐girder bridges, open‐section steel box girder bridges, etc. Its predominant failure mode was discovered to be punching shear failure by repetition of wheel loads. In this paper the authors derive the estimation formula for the punching shear fatigue strength of the composite deck from the results of wheel trucking tests. Furthermore, the relationship between the non‐dimensional strength ratio of an applied load divided by the punching shear strength and the number of cycles until failure was confirmed and plotted on the S‐N curve for an RC slab. Therefore, the fatigue design of the composite deck can be executed reasonably with the S‐N curve.
Identification of optimized Ti–Ni–Cu shape memory alloy compositions for high-frequency thin film microactuator applications

Ti–Ni–Cu shape memory thin films within a broad composition range were investigated by the cantilever deflection method using combinatorial methods. Optimal compositions with improved functional properties, i.e. large recovery stress, high transformation temperatures, low thermal hysteresis width and small temperature interval of transformation, were identified using a newly defined figure of merit. Of the investigated alloys, Ti50Ni41Cu9 and Ti45Ni46Cu9 exhibit the best shape memory properties for compositions showing a and a -phase transformation, respectively.
EADA: An Algorithm for Early Detection of Attacks on IoT Resources

IoT applications are becoming widespread in monitoring and managing critical infrastructure. Many attacks have been demonstrated in the state-of-the-art on IoT resources. These attacks make use of vulnerabilities present in various connected systems and the Internet of Things (IoT). The state-of-the-art presents many approaches to detect and mitigate such attacks on IoT resources. The early attack detection mechanism is essential to prevent damage to the IoT system and human. This paper presents an algorithm for early detection of attacks on IoT resources through use of predictive descriptor tables. Effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is evaluated through experimental setup built using Google cloud platform. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is efficient in the detection of attacks in real-time.
Bathymetric survey: using a SeaBat 8101 multibeam echo sounder mounted in the forward looking direction

As part of an effort to evaluate the use of a forward looking sonar in autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for navigation purposes, a study was performed using a commercially available off the shelf (COTS) multibeam echo sounder (MBES) operating in a forward looking mode to survey several sites in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. The forward looking bathymetric information acquired will aid in the improvement of navigation technologies for AUVs. This gaper describes the results of a survey performed using a MBES mounted at two negative elevation angles in the forward looking direction. The results from the bathymetric data acquired from these angles was found to be directly be correlated to the ground truth data. The sonar configuration, data collection, and data analysis schemes are discussed. Results from several survey sites are presented.
New approach to tidal stream energyanalysis at sites in the English Channel

Tidal stream power generation offers the prospect of predictable, low-CO2 power at a number of locations around the UK and the world. Previous assessments of tidal energy resources have taken the form of desk studies based on simplified navigational data. Where numerical model data has been used it has been at too low a resolution to capture high velocity tidal flows constrained by coastal topography. Analytical solutions for maximum energy extraction in simple tidal channels have been produced, but they have not been extended to more complex open-boundary cases such as flow around headlands and islands. There is therefore a role for site-specific numerical modelling, which when validated, offers the twin advantages of a high-resolution picture of the resource and allowing simulation of momentum extraction within the model to take place. In order to parameterize the sub-grid-scale momentum extraction in such models, a new analytical model of the velocity reduction in a large array of tidal turbines has been derived. The model extends previous models of large wind turbine arrays and uses analogies with flow through submerged vegetation. It provides an equivalent added drag coefficient suitable for use in a 2-D coastal numerical model. A numerical model of the flows in the region of the Portland Bill headland has been produced, forced by tidal elevations at the free boundary. A site selection exercise was carried out for the Portland Bill location and an area of around 12 km2 was identified as having a high potential for development using mean cubed speed found through tidal analysis of model results without energy extraction. A large tidal stream generator array has also been simulated within the Portland Bill model—linked to the new model for momentum extraction—and was found to have a significant effect on the tidal parameters in the locality. This was the first time that a large tidal array has been simulated in a realistic coastal domain of large extent, with a parameterization that takes into account the interaction of the turbines with the rough-wall flow in the natural state. Results predict that there is a region downstream of the array extending approximately 5–10 km around the simulated tidal stream turbine array in which the tidal stream ellipse major axis is reduced by at least 5%. In the area of momentum extraction the principal semi-diurnal tidal stream ellipse major axis length was reduced by 10–15%.
Transmit Diversity and its Application to Cooperative Networking

Wireless communications has been so far largely based on centralized control, which in effect has limited its deployment, coverage and application scenarios. The paradigm of peer-to-peer wireless communications is fundamentally to remove this bottleneck and to further expand wireless communications into new applications. The technical and design challenges in implementing these networks are however plenty and exist in all the layers of the OSI protocol stack. In this thesis, we only consider the physical layer model of these networks. We identify multiple antenna systems as a vital component of physical layer solutions. We first investigate the case of multiple antenna space-time coding techniques to achieve spatial diversity. We observe that when correlation between the antennas in a local antenna array becomes high due to space constraints in a terminal, current performance achieving strategies do not actually deliver good results. Moreover, most mobile terminals are currently equipped with only one antenna. In view of this limitation, we study the recently proposed user cooperation techniques for exploiting spatial diversity with user power constraints for a simple three terminal network. We find that these systems are beneficial even with relatively simple protocols such as selection relaying. Finally, with simulation results, we demonstrate that the system performance can be improved significantly via near-to optimal selection relaying.
Energy-efficient Continuous Context Sensing on Mobile Phones

With the ever increasing adoption of smartphones worldwide, researchers have found the perfect sensor platform to perform context-based research and to prepare for context-based services to be also deployed for the end-users. However, continuous context sensing imposes a considerable challenge in balancing the energy consumption of the sensors, the accuracy of the recognized context and its latency. After outlining the common characteristics of continuous sensing systems, we present a detailed overview of the state of the art, from sensors sub-systems to context inference algorithms. Then, we present the three main contribution of this thesis. The first approach we present is based on the use of local communications to exchange sensing information with neighboring devices. As proximity, location and environmental information can be obtained from nearby smartphones, we design a protocol for synchronizing the exchanges and fairly distribute the sensing tasks. We show both theoretically and experimentally the reduction in energy needed when the devices can collaborate. The second approach focuses on the way to schedule mobile sensors, optimizing for both the accuracy and energy needs. We formulate the optimal sensing problem as a decision problem and propose a two-tier framework for approximating its solution. The first tier is responsible for segmenting the sensor measurement time series, by fitting various models. The second tier takes care of estimating the optimal sampling, selecting the measurements that contributes the most to the model accuracy. We provide near-optimal heuristics for both tiers and evaluate their performances using environmental sensor data. In the third approach we propose an online algorithm that identifies repeated patterns in time series and produces a compressed symbolic stream. The first symbolic transformation is based on clustering with the raw sensor data. Whereas the next iterations encode repetitive sequences of symbols into new symbols. We define also a metric to evaluate the symbolization methods with regard to their capacity at preserving the systems' states. We also show that the output of symbols can be used directly for various data mining tasks, such as classification or forecasting, without impacting much the accuracy, but greatly reducing the complexity and running time. In addition, we also present an example of application, assessing the user's exposure to air pollutants, which demonstrates the many opportunities to enhance contextual information when fusing sensor data from different sources. On one side we gather fine grained air quality information from mobile sensor deployments and aggregate them with an interpolation model. And, on the other side, we continuously capture the user's context, including location, activity and surrounding air quality. We also present the various models used for fusing all these information in order to produce the exposure estimation.
Solution Algorithm for Combined Interregional Commodity Flow and Transportation Network Model with Link Capacity Constraints

A solution algorithm for the multicommodity combined freight distribution and assignment problem that computes the system optimum link flow pattern is introduced here. The distribution component of the model is based on an input-output materials balance formulation that satisfies each region’s intermediate and final demands for each commodity. An entropy term is included to capture cross-hauling and dispersion effects. The network links are assumed to be capacitated. This problem is formulated as a nonlinear program, with the nonlinear entropy term appearing in the objective function. This problem tends to be intractable even for small networks, so a Dantzig–Wolfe decomposition approach is introduced to make the problem computationally feasible. Wilson’s balancing technique is used to solve the nonlinear distribution subproblem. Test results demonstrate that realistic networks can be solved in a reasonable amount of time. The model is used to obtain insights into the trade-offs between dispersion coefficients and transportation costs on both capacitated and uncapacitated networks.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor And Soluble Adhesion Molecules As A Diagnostic Markers For Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis In Cirrhotic Liver Disease

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a frequent and severe complication in cirrhotic patients with ascites that usually results in renal failure and death despite the efficacy of the current antibiotic therapy. The aim of this study was determine serum and ascitic fluid of soluble-L selectin (s-L Selectin), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cirrhotic patients, and to search for a relationship between them and SBP. This study was performed on 30 cirrhotic patients with SBP. Their ages ranged (from 38- 55 years) with mean of (32 + 5.5), 30 cirrhotic patients with non-infected ascites; their ages ranged (from 30-52 years) with mean of (35 + 6.5). This group considered as cirrhotic control group and 20 healthy control subjects their ages ranged (from 28-55 years) with mean of (30 + 7.5). Serum and ascitic fluid of adhesion molecules as well as VEGF levels were significantly higher in cirrhotic patients with SBP as well as cirrhotic patients with non-infected ascites as compared to healthy control group. There were significant increase in serum and ascitic fluid level of leukocyte, PMN and ICAM-1 in SBP as compared to cirrhotic with non-infected ascites. There was non-significant decrease in serum and AF level of VEGF in cirrhotic control group as compared to SBP group. The ascitic fluid PMN and s-L Selectin were higher in culture positive SBP patients particularly in those with gram positive isolates, where these are non-significant increase in serum and ascitic fluid level of VEGF in culture positive SBP than culture negative cases. Positive correlation was found between serum and ascitic fluid level of ICAM-1 in SBP and non-infected cirrhotic group. Also, positive correlation was found between VEGF levels in serum ascetic fluid levels in both cirrhotic groups (SBP and non-infected cirrhotic group). These data suggest that: Significant elevated level of VEGF in both SBP and non infected cirrhotic patient may have pathophsiological consequences of local regulation of vascular tone and endothelial permeability, significant elevated level of adhesion molecules in both SBP and non-infected cirrhotic patients are due to inflammatory response and endothelial cell activation. Serum and ascetic fluid of ICAM-1 can be used as useful marker for diagnosis of SBP and for monitoring the treatment of cirrhotic patients.
Signal processing for capacitive angular position sensors by the discrete Fourier transform

This paper presents a new approach for the evaluation of the signals of robust capacitive angular position sensors. Previously developed sensors used a ratiometric algorithm to calculate the angular position from the signals of the sensors' segments. Applying the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) to the signals of the sensor leads to an increased resolution and accuracy. This is demonstrated by comparing the results from both algorithms applied to simulated data and to data taken from measurement.
Les provisions environnementales et la gestion stratégique des résultats : une étude canadienne

This study investigates the measurement and recognition of environmental provisions by industrial corporations. It is argued that executives set such provisions to : 1) smooth out volatility in reported earnings, 2) minimize debt and failure contractual costs, 3) manage a firm’s political visibility (media exposure). The sample comprises Canadian firms from the forest products, mining and metals and petroleum products industries with data covering the 1990-1996 period. Our main findings are the following. First, environmental provisions are used to smooth out fluctuations in reported earnings. Second, politically sensitive firms tend to report higher environmental provisions than other firms. However, debt and failure contractual costs do not seem to affect the measurement of environmental provisions. However, environmental provisions are useful for stock market valuation. These findings have implications for other countries that are considering the adoption of such provisions.
To retire or expand? A fuzzy GIS‐based spatial multi‐criteria evaluation framework for irrigated agriculture

This paper presents a GIS framework for multi‐criteria evaluation of land suitability for the expansion or retirement of irrigated cropland at a catchment scale in Australia. This framework is based on the fuzzy linguistic ordered weighted averaging (FLOWA) approach which integrates the analytical hierarchy procedure (AHP) and quantifier‐guided OWA operators in an ArcGIS 9.2 environment. The FLOWA module proved to be highly flexible and efficient in generating and visualising a wide range of different multi‐criteria decision strategies. Several scenarios were derived to show how the uncertainties involved in the suitability decision‐making process can influence the outcomes. This framework has helped us understand the need for retirement as well as the potential for expanding irrigation in suitable areas of the catchment if water is available. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of the KRISS watt balance

We report the design of the KRISS watt balance, which includes a magnet, a guiding stage and a coil position measurement system. The KRISS watt balance incorporates a closed-type cylindrical permanent magnet and a motion guiding stage. For the magnet, a flux shunt is used to reduce flux changes due to temperature variations. A piston gauge is used to achieve linearity in the motion guiding stage. In the weighing mode, the residual force between the weight of the test mass and the Lorentz force generated in a coil is measured by a commercial weighing cell. In the dynamic mode, a linear motor in the motion guiding stage vertically translates the coil and the weighing cell. The in-plane motion of the coil is measured by position sensors, and the out-of-plane motion is measured by single-pass homodyne interferometers.
Numerical computation of inductance of complex coil systems

In this paper, inductance of complex coil systems is calculated using 3-D finite element analysis (FEA) with a new flux linkage calculation technique. The proposed technique does not require any integral path if current direction in a coil is determined, because the flux linkage is calculated based on the simple volume integration. Moreover, it can consider inconsistent coil cross-sectional areas. The technique is verified by the application to a manufactured deflection yoke (DY) coil. By the comparison with an experimental result, it is shown that the proposed technique is accurate and effective in calculating inductance of complex coil systems such as a DY.
Tracking ability of L-level MLP-based equalizers in nonlinear microwave radio channels in the presence of multipath fading

The performance of microwave digital radio systems is severely degraded by multipath fading and also by the nonlinear power amplifier at the transmitter, the combined effects of these result in a time varying nonlinear channel. In this paper, the multilayer perceptron (MLP) based equalizer is investigated for use on such channels. It is found to outperform the conventional approach, that is, the use of a transversal equalizer at the receiver operating with a signal predistorter placed before the non-linear power amplifier at the transmitter. An L- level non-linear function is used as a node activation for the MLP. Two update schemes are investigated, one being a complex version of the back propagation algorithm, the other a complex version of the delta-bar-delta algorithm.