Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Delimitation of the Central Business District Peshawar (Pakistan)

The present study identifies the limits and pattern of commercial activities within CBD of Peshawar. Retailing is topmost paying commercial activity and occupies the highest bid-rent location in the city. The Central Business District (CBD) is the retail heart of the city. The spatial arrangement of commercial activities happens to be very complex and their limits are dynamic in the CBD of Peshawar. The land value, rent values, taxation system, commuter behaviour, nature & transformation of commercial activities are directly dependent on this spatial arrangement and delimitation of CBD. The methodology adopted for this study is the combination of traditional rules/methods with modern tool of GIS. The results for spatial arrangement of commercial activities and delimitation of CBD are more precise which can enable the city planners and investors to achieve better sustainable development in city and regional context.
Sludge to Energy: An Environment-Energy-Economic Assessment of Methane Capture from Sludge in Xiangyang City, Hubei Province

Suggested Citation: Fu, X. , L. Zhong, V. Jagannathan, and W. Fang. 2017. “Sludge to Energy: An Environment-EnergyEconomic Assessment of Methane Capture from Sludge in Xiangyang City, Hubei Province. ” Working Paper. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. Available online at http://www. wri.org/publication/environment-energy-economic-assessmentsludge-energy-approach. XIAOTIAN FU, LIJIN ZHONG, VIJAY JAGANNATHAN, AND WANLI FANG SLUDGE TO ENERGY: AN ENVIRONMENT-ENERGY-ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF METHANE CAPTURE FROM SLUDGE IN XIANGYANG CITY, HUBEI PROVINCE
Nest site selection and the time of breeding by Slavonian Grebes Podiceps auritus in Scotland

Bottle Sedge Carex rostrata provided the main nesting habitat of Slavonian Grebes in Scotland. In the sedge beds, the sedge density decreased and water depth increased from land to open water. The grebes preferred to nest in dense sedges growing at a medium water depth. Thus, there was an optimum mid-band of suitable sedges which provided sufficient cover, security from predators and shelter from wave action. Sedge beds did not provide good cover until early June. The observation of early nests in stands of dead reeds (mean first egg date 14 May) and in the semi-submerged branches of willows (29 May), compared with nests in sedges (6 June), suggests that the late growth of sedges limited the timing of breeding of the grebes. The average dates of first eggs for initial clutches in all nests were 5 June in 1992 and 3 June in 1993.
Regret Analysis Towards Conflict Resolution

In regret analysis, an entity (either an individual or a group or a country) feels regret by taking a decision for any particular action when there are other ways to act. Such regret often motivates someone to settle conflict. The present paper discusses such a possibility using a mathematical model. The model leads to a conflict resolution curve which provides a compromising solution in a conflicting situation and ultimately to peace building. A case study in this article unveils that conflict resolution by motivation is a better option than conflict resolution by force.
Membrane proteins : engineering, purification and crystallization

Membrane Proteins - Engineering, Purification and Crystallization, a volume of Methods In Enzymology, encompasses chapters from the leading experts in the area of membrane protein biology. The chapters provide a brief overview of the topics covered and also outline step-by-step protocol for the interested audience. Illustrations and case example images are included wherever appropriate to help the readers understand the schematics and general experimental outlines. * Volume of Methods In Enzymology* Contains a collection of a diverse array of topics in the area of membrane protein biology ranging from recombinant expression, isolation, functional characterization, biophysical studies and crystallization
Comprehensive Partitioning of Student Achievement Variance to Inform Equitable Policy Design

So that large-scale assessments positively impact teaching and learning, we must more comprehensively investigate (partition) the sources of variance in achievement test scores and evaluate assessment-accountability policy targets. We find less than 20% of variance in a state assessment is between schools (over 80% within), of which 70% is explained by school demographics. Practice and policy implications are explored. Conceptual Framework As the Nation’s Report Card, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP, 2017) provides strong long-term trends in the academic achievement of the nation’s students. The NAEP program strives to achieve the theme of this year’s NCME program: To make assessment a stronger force for positive impact on teaching and learning. It does this primarily by monitoring trends, among which are trends regarding educational disparities. Through the NAEP results, we are able to evaluate progress toward educational equity, particularly regarding the role of test use in informing educational practice and public policy. The use of test results to inform practice and policy is, of course, a modest approach to the use of achievement tests from the federal perspective; whereas a more ambitious position is in the use of standards-based tests as the education form agent, which was a failure as anticipated (Koretz, 2017). Among the many means of supporting the use of assessment information, NAEP releases periodic reports on special topics of national interest. A recent report, School Composition and the Black-White Achievement Gap (Bohrnstedt et al., 2015), closely examined the role of school composition in schools that participated in NAEP, with a strong focus on educational equity. Other researchers make similar cases, investigating the role of school and teaching resources and other school and community characteristics addressing educational equity (Baker, Farrie, & Sciarra, 2015; Hanushek & Woessmann, 2017; Reardon , 2015; Reardon, Kalogrides, & Shores, 2016; Whitehurst, Reeves, & Rodrigue, 2016). Figlio & Karbownik (2017) presented evidence regarding the variability in educational disparities across schools. They argued that because of
Nutritional preliminary characterization of some varieties of dates and palm downgraded as ruminant feed.

In Saharan regions, the date palm which forms the backbone of agriculture, offers a wide range of agricultural by-products, traditionally used for domestic purposes. The determination of chemical composition and nutritional value of these byproducts for rational use in feeding livestock is needed. The analysis showed that the byproducts of palm have total nitrogen content (CP), lipid (FAT) and (CB, NDF, ADF and ADL) also with a higher nutritional value close to that of straw and hay. The scrap value of dates offers a relatively high energy (0.87 UFL / kg DM) which is comparable to the concentrate feed but with relatively low levels of nitrogen or the need for supplementation or nitrogen treatment.
The contribution of genomic approaches to resolving genotype x environment interactions in Brassica crops

Geneticists and breeders have conventionally relied on multi-site experiments and structured populations to partition phenotypic variation into component traits, where variation can then be assigned to genotype and environment, with recent efforts focused on resolution of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and identification of underlying genes. For Brassica genomes, which are relatively large and complex, this process requires access to interconnected sets of platform experimental resources, including ongoing determination of the complete chromosomal DNA sequences. The B. rapa genome sequence has recently been used to provide valuable information for a number of studies. In coming years, the ability to navigate between the various genome sequences and trait genetics will contribute to understanding Genotype x Environment (GxE) interactions at the molecular level and benefit pre-breeding activities. Exploitation of the genome sequence for trait resolution is benefiting from recent integration of genetic maps for Brassica napus, as well as development of advanced recombinant and diversity populations. There is particular value in the combined screening of diversity collections and QTL analysis which can demonstrate the extent of variation and genetic basis for traits as diverse as oil composition and mineral nutrition. The availability of genome sequences provide the opportunity to understand GxE interactions at the molecular level, using genetical genomic techniques such as expression QTL (eQTL) analysis. Although the role that epigenetic regulation plays in GxE interactions is currently poorly understood, we are now starting to determine the distribution of heritable epigenetic marks superimposed on Brassica genomes, and to explore the scope for epigenetic intervention as contribution to crop improvement. The need for integrated data management that allows navigation from trait to underlying genes is discussed.
Current status of Metarhizium as a mycoinsecticide in Australia.

BioGreen is currently the only mycoinsecticide registered in Australia. Research has shown that mycoinsecticides based on conidia of naturally occurring strains of Metarhiziumare potentially valuable for control of a range of pests including canegrubs, termites and locusts. Recent developments with commercialization of products for these three target pests are reviewed. It is expected that BioCane, a granular product based on isolate FI-1045 of M. anisopliaevar. anisopliae, for control of greyback canegrub, Dermolepida albohirtum, will be registered shortly following successful large-scale trials involving almost 9 tonnes of product in 1999. Another isolate from the same clade, FI-610, has been found to be effective against a range of termite species and is currently in commercial trials. Finally, large-scale testing of an isolate of M. anisopliaevar.acridumagainst locusts has shown that doses as low as 1 1012 conidia/ha can effectively control Australian plague locust, Chortoicetes terminifera , while slightly higher doses have given good results against migratory locust, Locusta migratoria,spur-throated locust,Austracris guttulosa, and wingless grasshopper, Phaulacridium vittatum. It is expected that this product, recently given the name Green Guard , will be used as a component of the preventive control programmes by the Australian Plague Locust Control Commission on properties where an organic control method is preferred. Australia, with two commercial producers ofMetarhizium-based products, is poised to take advantage of the many benefits of using mycoinsecticides based on the M tarhiziumfungus.
Protein Modification and Degradation in the Cell Cycle of the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) is a large ubiquitin ligase essential for the mitotic and meiotic cell cycle. It ligates chains of ubiquitin to its target proteins marking them for proteolysis by the 26S proteasome. APC/C activity and thereby stage-specific proteolysis are precisely regulated during the cell cycle to maintain the chronology of key events. This work characterized some of the mechanisms involved in APC/C regulation.In the first part, the requirement of post-translational modification with the small ubiquitin-like modifier SUMO on efficient APC/C-mediated protein degradation was tested. The anaphase inhibitor protein, Pds1, was found to be stabilized in cells defective for SUMOylation and due to this altered degradation, cells displayed defects in chromosome segregation. Furthermore also proteolysis of other APC/C target proteins, such as the mitotic cyclins Clb2, Clb3 and the polo-like kinase Cdc5, was delayed whereas degradation of unstable proteins that are not APC/C targets was unaffected. SUMOylation does not seem to be required for proteolysis in general but specifically for APC/C-mediated degradation.In the second part, cyclin Clb5 degradation and its importance for the exit from mitosis was analyzed. Clb5, which was previously identified as a target of the APC/C, was found to be degraded by a second, alternative mechanism independently of APC/C. It could be shown that the SCF ubiquitin-ligase is not involved in this process. Indeed, Clb5 is unstable even in mutant cells defective in both ubiquitin ligases, APC/C and SCF. The APC/C-independent mechanism remains to be identified, but under physiological conditions, this mechanism is obviously sufficient for Clb5 degradation in the cell cycle. Only under abnormal conditions, such as CLB5 overexpression, APC/C becomes essential for Clb5 degradation. In the third part of this work the regulation of the APC/C in meiosis by the meiosis-specific kinase Ime2 was investigated. Ime2, a negative APC/C regulator, is a highly unstable protein, and thus proteolysis could bear a regulatory mechanism. To investigate this, a truncated Ime2 protein was analyzed with regard to its functionality to induce a mitotic cell cycle arrest and to phosphorylate Cdh1. We showed that this truncated Ime2DC, lacking 241 amino acids at its C-terminus, is despite the truncation highly active and stable throughout meiosis. Furthermore, we found that homozygous strains for the truncated IME2 allele display a severe defect in meiosis II. These results indicate that either high Ime2 levels or loss of an unknown function causes the defect in meiosis II.
Endogenous Small RNAs in the Drosophila Soma: A Dissertation

Since the discovery in 1993 of the first small silencing RNA, a dizzying number of small RNAs have been identified, including microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). These classes differ in their biogenesis, modes of target regulation and in the biological pathways they regulate. Historically, siRNAs were believed to arise only from exogenous double-stranded RNA triggers in organisms lacking RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. However, the discovery of endogenous siRNAs in flies expanded the biological significance of siRNAs beyond viral defense. By high throughput sequencing we identified Drosophila endosiRNAs as 21 nt small RNAs, bearing a 2 ́-O-methyl group at their 3 ́ ends, and depleted in dicer-2 mutants. Methylation of small RNAs at the 3 ́ end in the soma, is a consequence of assembly into a mature Argonaute2-RNA induced silencing complex. In addition to endo-siRNAs, we observed certain miRNAs or their miRNA* partners loading into Argonaute2. We discovered, that irrespective of its biogenesis, a miRNA duplex can load into either Argonaute (Ago1 or Ago2), contingent on its structural and sequence features, followed by assignment of one of the strands in the duplex as the functional or guide strand. Usually the miRNA strand is selected as the guide in complex with Ago1 and miRNA* strand with Ago2. In our efforts towards finding 3 ́ modified small RNAs in the fly soma, we also discovered 24-28nt small RNAs in certain fly genotypes, particularly ago2 and dcr-2
Cellular and Molecular Analysis of Chromosomal Passenger Complex in Vertebrate Cells

1 CHAPTER I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION. 3 1.1. THE CELL CYCLE . 4 1.1 OVERVIEW OF THE CELL CYCLE. 4 1.2. MITOSIS. 7 1.2. 1 REGULATION OF MITOSIS . 7 1.2. 2 CENTROMERES AND KINETOCHORES . 9 1.2. 3 THE REGULATION OF MITOTIC SPINDLE DYNAMICS . 12 1.3. THE CHROMOSOMAL PASSENGERS PROTEINS ARE ESSENTIAL REGULATORS OF MITOSIS . 16 1.3. 1 INCENP . 17 1.3. 2 AURORA B. 19 1.3. 3 SURVIVIN. 23 1.3. 4 BOREALIN/DASRA-B AND DASRA A . 25 1.3. 5 TELOPHASE DISK-60 (TD-60). 26 1.3. 6 THE FORMATION OF CHROMOSOMAL PASSENGER COMPLEX. 28 1.4. THE APPLICATION OF THE DT40 CELL LINE TO STUDY THE BEHAVIOR OF KINETOCHORE PROTEINS. 31 1.4.
Molecular Characterization of Wetland Soil Bacterial Community in Constructed Mesocosms

Abstract : The use of wetlands to effectively remediate aquifers contaminated with chlorinated solvents is an emerging technique, which shows high promise. In order to better understand this process and test its legitimacy, a treatment wetland was constructed at Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, Ohio and, in a joint effort with Wright State University (WSU), has previously shown the effective removal of PCE. The purpose of this research was to characterize the soil bacterial community, pre-PCE injection, among three wetland plant species from the sedge family (Cyperaceae) within constructed wetland mesocosms and to identify any bacterial dominance. Carex comosa, Scirpus atrovirens, and Eleocharis erythropoda were planted in multiple columns (mesocosms) filled with inoculated soils; water flow was through a vertical up-flow design representative of a ground water-fed wetland. DNA extractions ;. vere . made from soil samples taken at each three depths. 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloning, plasmid DNA isolation, and sequencing were used to characterize the bacterial community.
Combining ability studies in Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) for quantitative characters.

An experiment was conducted during 2008-09 at Vegetable section, Division of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore on combining ability studies in bitter gourd for quantitative characters by using six lines and four testers in a line x tester mating design. Except two characters (number of primary branches and fruit yield per vine) significant differences were observed for the characters under study. Variances due to SCA were higher than the corresponding GCA for all the characters except for vine length at 60 and 90 DAS, it indicates predominance of non additive gene action and there is a scope for heterosis breeding. Out of ten parents Panurthy, Coimbatore Long, Chidambaram Small and VRBT-100 were observed to be best general combiner as they have made significant contribution in yield contributing characters. Coimbatore Long x Panurthy exhibited high SCA effect for fruit yield per vine, node at first female flower appears and days to first harvest, VRBT-100 x Panurthy was best for days to first male and female flower appears, Coimbatore Long x Panurthy was best for sex ratio and number of seeds per fruit in desired direction. These crosses can be exploited as desirable hybrids. Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is one of the important commercial cucurbit belonged to family cucurbitaceae. It is popular throughout India for its tender fruits which are consumed as fried, cooked, stuffed, curried and also in pickles. It is highly cross pollinated due to monoecious nature and has high degree of heterozygosity. Heterosis is still remained unexploited in this crop. The important step for exploitation of heterosis is to study the general combining ability of the parents and specific combining ability of hybrids. Although some information is available about combining ability, they are relevant to the specific region, genetic material involved and environmental condition. Therefore, this study was conducted to generate information about general and specific combining ability effects for different economic characters in a line x tester crossing system using six lines (as females) and four testers (as males). MATERIALS AND METHODS The present investigation was undertaken at Vegetable section, Horticultural Research Station, Division of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, See end of the article for authors’ affiliations
The Impact of Labour Force Reduction on the Financial Performance of Manufacturing Companies

This study attempts to corroborate the impact of labour force reduction on financial performance of manufacturing companies in a developing country. Despite the on-going use of labour force reduction, literature and research on this approach continues to yield mixed results. This desktop research was therefore conducted with the aim of determining the impact of employing labour force reduction initiatives on financial performance of manufacturing companies. The study reviews the results and findings of empirical and qualitative literature on labour force reduction by previous scholars for a period of 6 years ranging from 2012 to 2017. The phenomenon of labour force reduction has facilitated the research and studies on the area in the past six years, with researchers reaching different conclusions on the practise’s effect on organisations. This has prompted the researchers of this study to critically study labour force reduction methods, factors affecting their success, employees’ reaction to the strategy, the practise effect on productivity and the relationship between labour force reduction and organisation performance.
Inflow and Outflow (Jets) in NGC 1275

Abstract NGC 1275 is one of the best targets to study the high energy emission mechanism in radio galaxies and the accretion flow properties using a young re-started jet 3C 84 as a prober of subpc-to-pc scale environment. In this proceeding, we review the observation results from a series of our VLBI observations and discuss on the origin of gamma-ray emission and accretion flow properties. We also briefly present the preliminary results from our recent ALMA observations.
Conformational Isomers of Nitrosyl‐haemoglobin

The electron spin resonance spectra of the nitric oxide derivatives of horse and human haemoglobin indicate the existence of two Conformational states, the distribution of which depends on pH. The pK-value of this allosteric transformation is 5.35. This pK is shifted by 0.3 units to 5.65 in the presence of a 50-fold molar excess of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate. The ESR spectrum of nitrosyl-myoglobin corresponds exactly to that of the alkaline species of nitrosyl-haemoglobin, but no pH dependent change was observed. These findings might suggest a relation between the observed Conformational transition and the acid Bohr effect. At 77 K the spectrum of the acid as well as that of the alkaline species of NO-haemoglobin indicates rhombic symmetry of the inner molecular electric field. Raising the temperature to 298 K the ESR spectrum of the alkaline species shows a transition to axial symmetry. The spectrum of the acid species exhibits hyperfine structures in the direction of the x- and z-axis, that of the alkaline species in the direction of the z-axis only. Substitution of 14NO by 15NO reveals that these hyperfine lines are caused by an interaction of the unpaired electron with the N-nucleus of the 6th ligand. The hyperfine coupling tensor of the acid species (15N: ΔH3, 3= 23 G; 14 N: ΔH3,3,3= 17 G) is smaller than in case of the alkaline species (15N:Δ H3,3= 32 G; 14N:ΔH3,3,3= 23 G).
Analisis Beban Kerja Mental Operator Lantai Produksi Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Dengan Metode NASA-TLX di PT. Bina Pratama Sakato Jaya, Dharmasraya

PT. Bina Pratama Sakato Jaya merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang perkebunan kelapa sawit. PT. Bina Pratama Sakato Jaya memiliki kapasitas 600 ton/hari atau 50.000 Kg minyak mentah yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap operator lantai produksi yaitu pada stasiun Loading Ramp, Setrilizer, Tippler, Threshing, Press, Clarification, Nut & Kernel dan Boiler, dimana pada mesin produksi ini memiliki satu operator setiap stasiun. Dari hasil observasi yang dilakukan di PT. Bina Pratama Sakato Jaya bahwasanya pada stasiun lantai produksi inilah pekerjaan yang harus memiliki ketelitian, mental dan tenaga yang tinggi dalam melakukan produksi. Pekerja harus bekerja selama 7 jam/hari. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat beban kerja mental dari operator lantai produksi PT. Bina Pratama Sakato Jaya dengan menggunakan metode NASA-TLX, yang diukur melalui 6 indikator yaitu kebutuhan fisik, kebutuhan mental, usaha, tingkat frustasi, kebutuhan waktu, dan performansi. Dari hasil pengukuran terhadap 8 orang operator lantai produksi mendapatkan nilai WWL kategori sangat tinggi yaitu Loading Ramp 92,6, Clarification 92,6, sedangkan kategori tinggi yaitu Setrilizer 76, Tippler 78, Threshing 77,3, Press 74, Nut & Kernel 84,6 dan Boiller 72,0. Karena rata-rata beban kerja yang dialami tergolong tinggi, peneliti memberikan alternatif perbaikan diantaranya menambah karyawan dilantai produksi dan diberikan pelatihan-pelatihan tentang kondisi pabrik dan kondisi mesin yang ada pada lantai produksi.