Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PHISHING WEBSITE DETECTION SYSTEM BASED ON ENHANCED iTREE CLASSIFIER

Nowadays, a lot of attacks have cropped up for phishing of emails and password of users. In order to get one’s confidential information like passwords, bank details such as debit or credit card numbers illegally, phishing act can be done. For doing an identity theft or financial gain or some fraudulent activities, an individual or group of persons gets confidential information from unsuspecting victims via email. This study proposes data mining techniques to classify phishing data’s and then attempts to rectify phishing. A decision classifier tree model is used for detecting phishing datasets and another hybrid session based model is also developed to escape from such phishing attacks. The use of the session based unique password is scrutinized to protect the privacy of the users which is not revealed by attacks or infected systems. The proposed model generates a novel minimum spanning tree called iTree which takes only a minimum time to construct it. The proposed iTree model classifies the inputs which are resistant to a number of phishing attacks and is also resilient to keyboard logging as well, thus ensuring reliability. The tree classifier model will be able to identify any types of attacks in the future. The proposed models of session based authentication and data mining based decision tree classification are much more accurate in the usage of the antiphishing than the existing method.
Lead isotope systematics of Late Cretaceous – Tertiary Andean arc magmas and associated ores between 8°N and 40°S: evidence for latitudinal mantle heterogeneity beneath the Andes

ABSTRACT Lead isotope variability of magmatic arc rocks and associated mineralization of the Central Andes is usually considered to be the result of mixing between a homogeneous mantle and heterogeneous continental crust. About 230 new lead isotope data on the Northern and Central Andes allow us to compare for the first time lead isotope systematics of the Late Cretaceous – Tertiary arc magmatism and associated mineralization along the Andean chain between 8°N and 40°S. Lead isotope compositions indicate mixing between mantle and upper crustal rocks along the whole Andean chain. Additionally, we have found that mantle end‐members of the Late Cretaceous – Tertiary magmatism are heterogeneous and systematically shifted towards less radiogenic 206Pb/204Pb compositions from north to south along the Andes. This heterogeneity most likely results from mixing between a low radiogenic mantle, possibly carrying a DMM or EM I component, and a more radiogenic mantle, possibly carrying an HIMU component. Thus, our results imply that lead isotope variability of Andean magmas at the continental scale is caused not only by crustal but also by mantle heterogeneity.
Determination of photochemically produced carbon dioxide in seawater

An analytical system was developed to determine photochemically produced carbon dioxide in marine waters. Our system was designed to measure low levels of carbon dioxide by maintaining a closed system to prevent atmospheric contamination during sample preparation, irradiation, and analysis. To detect low levels of photoproduced carbon dioxide in seawater, background dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was removed before irradiation. To strip out DIC, samples were acidified to pH 3.0 (converting DIC to carbon dioxide) and bubbled with low carbon dioxide air. The pH was then readjusted back to the original value, and the resulting low‐DIC seawater samples were transferred pneumatically to air‐tight quartz tubes for irradiation. During analysis, samples were pneumatically transferred to a sample loop, injected, and acidified. Carbon dioxide was then stripped out, dried, and carried to a nondispersive infrared carbon dioxide analyzer. Calibration was done with a series of low concentration aqueous carbonate standards (0.05 to 3 µmol L−1). The detection limit, defined as the concentration corresponding to three times the standard deviation of the experimental blank (i.e., DIC‐stripped seawater), was ~60 nmol L−1. Method precision was largely dependent on the agreement between multiple injections from the same tube (< ±2% relative standard deviation [RSD]) and the reproducibility between different tubes (±3% RSD). This method was used to measure carbon dioxide photoproduction in a variety of waters (e.g., estuarine, lake) including the first direct measurements in marine waters.
Survey on Large Scale Overlay for Query Processing in P2P

The scalability of a feedback aggregating overlay is the most fundamental requirement for large-scale P2P computing . In Peer-to-Peer (P2P) trust management feedback provides an efficient and effective way to build a reputation-based trust relationship among peers. In this paper, we proposed a scalable feedback aggregating (SFA) overlay for large-scale P2P trust evaluation. The local trust rating method is defined based on the time attenuation function, which can satisfy the two dynamic properties of trust. More importantly, based on the SFA overlay, an adaptive trustworthiness computing method can be defined the SFA-based trust model has greater adaptability and accuracy in handling various dynamic behaviors of peers. The SFA overlay is then proposed to strengthen the scalability of the feedback aggregation mechanism for large-scale P2P applications, but it can also reduce networking risk and improve system efficiency. We present a trust based content distribution for peer-to-peer overlay networks, which is built on the trust management scheme. The main concept is, before sending or accepting the traffic, the trust of the peer must be validated. The main concept is, before sending or accepting the traffic, the trust of the peer must be validated. Based on the success of data delivery and searching time, we calculate the trust index of a node. Then the aggregated trust index of the peers whose value is below the threshold value is considered as distrusted and the corresponding traffic is blocked.
Emotional Reactivity to Incentive Downshift in Adult Rats Exposed to Binge-Like Ethanol Exposure During Adolescence

Alcohol use in adolescents is often characterized by binge-like ethanol consumption pattern, which is associated with long-term health consequences and even with important harms to his developing brain. Among this, ethanol exposure induces long-lasting alterations in anxiety-related neurobiological systems such as corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) or melanocortin system (MC). Recently, it has been demonstrated that adult rats exposed to adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure exhibited anxiogenic-like behavior. Given that it has been demonstrated that negative affective state is relevant to development of addictive behavior, it is tempting to suggest that increased risk of adult abusive alcohol use exhibited in rats exposed to ethanol during adolescence may be related with differences in anxiety-related behavior. We conducted a study investigating the emotional reactivity after a reward devaluation (12-to-1 pellet or 32-to-4% sucrose downshift) in adult rats exposed to binge-like ethanol exposure during adolescence. For this aim, adolescent Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with ethanol (2.5 g/kg ip; AIE) or saline (AIS) for 2 consecutive days at 48-h intervals over a 14-day period (PND30-PND43). Following 25 free-ethanol days, adult rats were trained in consummatory and instrumental successive negative contrast task (cSNC and iSNC). Our data shows that both AIE and AIS groups exhibited suppression of the consummatory and instrumental behavior after reward devaluation relative to unshifthed control. Also, adult rats exposed to alcohol during adolescence exhibited a particularly strong negative affective state (lower sucrose consumption) with regards to the AIS group in the cSNC. This data demonstrated that adolescent binge-like ethanol exposure might trigger a greater emotional reactivity following incentive downshift, which might be linked to higher vulnerability to substance use disorder.
Subacromial impingement syndrome: management challenges

The painful shoulder is the most common condition seen in specialist shoulder clinics. It is often associated with lack of range of motion and reduced shoulder function. Lack of sleep and difficulties in performing basic daily life activities are common findings. Subacromial Impingement Syndrome (SAIS) has been considered as the most common cause of shoulder pain since it was described in 1852. Charles Neer, in 1972, described the presence of a “proliferative spur and ridge” on the undersurface of the acromion, which needs to be removed to improve the symptoms (acromioplasty). Neer’s “impingement” hegemony was undisputed for at least 30 years. A more extensive knowledge of the pathogenesis of SAIS, however, has led authors to challenge the role of “impingement” in the shoulder pain and the role of surgical intervention. The aim of this review was to understand if there is still a role for surgical decompression in patients with SAIS. A literature review was performed in PubMed, PEDro, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials using impingement, subacromial space, rotator cuff tears, tendinopathy, and tendinitis as key words. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with long-term follow-up comparing surgical intervention and conservative treatments in SAIS were preferred; however, prospective articles studying the outcome of surgical decompression and physiotherapy were also included. The majority of the studies showed no difference in the outcome between patients randomized to surgical decompression or conservative management. However, some studies reported better results after surgery, especially in the long term. Interpretation of the results is very difficult as most of the studies are of poor quality and have short follow-up. In our opinion, the type of subacromial lesion needs to be considered; this may offer an explanation to the difference in severity of symptoms and to the varying degrees of response to certain treatments, including surgery. Further studies are mandatory to better understand the role of surgery in SAIS.
Objective Attributes Weights Determining Based on Shannon Information Entropy in Hesitant Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making

Hesitant fuzzy set has been an important tool in dealing with multiple attribute decision making (MADM) problems, especially for the decision making situation when only some values of membership are possible for an alternative on attributes. However, determining attributes weights in hesitant fuzzy MADM is still an open problem. In this paper, we propose an objective weighting approach based on Shannon information entropy, which expresses the relative intensities of attribute importance to signify the average intrinsic information transmitted to the decision maker. Furthermore, we construct a hesitant fuzzy MADM approach based on the TOPSIS method and a weighted correlation coefficient proposed in this paper. Finally, we utilize a supplier selection example to validate the objective attributes weights determining method and the proposed hesitant fuzzy MADM approach.
Simulation of pH‐dependent edge strand rearrangement in human β‐2 microglobulin

Amyloid fibrils formed from unrelated proteins often share morphological similarities, suggesting common biophysicalmechanisms for amyloidogenesis. Biochemical studies of human β‐2 microglobulin (β2M) have shown that its transition from a water‐soluble protein to insoluble aggregates can be triggered by low pH. Additionally, biophysical measurements of β2M using NMR have identified residues of the protein that participate in the formation of amyloid fibrils. The crystal structure of monomeric human β2M determined at pH 5.7 shows that one of its edge β‐strands (strand D) adopts a conformation that differs from other structures of the same protein obtained at higher pH. This alternate β‐strand arrangement lacks a β‐bulge, which may facilitate protein aggregation through intermolecular β‐sheet association. To explore whether the pH change may yield the observed conformational difference, molecular dynamics simulations of β2M were performed. The effects of pH were modeled by specifying the protonation states of Asp, Glu, and His, as well as the C terminus of the main chain. The bulged conformation of strand D is preferred at medium pH (pH 5–7), whereas at low pH (pH < 4) the straight conformation is observed. Therefore, low pH may stabilize the straight conformation of edge strand D and thus increase the amyloidogenicity of β2M.
Humorous cognitive reappraisal: More benign humour and less "dark" humour is affiliated with more adaptive cognitive reappraisal strategies

The capacity to find humorous perspectives in aversive situations may outline a helpful strategy in the context of cognitive reappraisal. Yet, research suggested that some people produce more adaptive humour than others. At the same time, not all forms of cognitive reinterpretation seem to be unequivocally beneficial. The present study aimed to investigate specific cognitive reappraisal strategies that individuals employ in humorous reappraisal of adverse events. In a sample of 95 participants, the use of cognitive reappraisal sub-strategies was assessed in a behavioural test in which participants were required to generate a series of humorous reappraisals of self-relevant, threatening events. These reappraisal sub-strategies (three positive reinterpretation strategies, three de-emphasising strategies) were then related to the habitual use of different kinds of humour as well as the broader DSM-5 personality trait domains and well-being in terms of depressive experiences, assessed by self-report questionnaires. While no robust relationships were found for reappraisal strategies based on de-emphasising, sub-strategies within the positive reinterpretation category showed specific and contrasting associations with the examined traits. Findings indicated that the ability to produce humour is only linked to a favourable pattern of reappraisal strategies when manifested in benign forms of humour. Specific relations also emerged for the broader personality traits. The study suggests that some characteristics that advance the use of benign humour also benefit adaptive emotion regulation. The opposite seems to be true for malicious, or "dark" humour. The introduced behavioural approach to the analysis of humorous cognitive reappraisal may prove useful also in future related research.
Handbook of Bibliometric Indicators: Quantitative Tools for Studying and Evaluating Research

Description: At last, the first systematic guide to the growing jungle of citation indices and other bibliometric indicators. Written with the aim of providing a complete and unbiased overview of all available statistical measures for scientific productivity, the core of this reference is an alphabetical dictionary of indices and other algorithms used to evaluate the importance and impact of researchers and their institutions. In 150 major articles, the authors describe all indices in strictly mathematical terms without passing judgement on their relative merit. From widely used measures, such as the journal impact factor or the h–index, to highly specialized indices, all indicators currently in use in the sciences and humanities are described, and their application explained. The introductory section and the appendix contain a wealth of valuable supporting information on data sources, tools and techniques for bibliometric and scientometric analysis – for individual researchers as well as their funders and publishers.
A Utilização de Histórias de Usuários no Levantamento de Requisitos Ágeis

From the popularity of the agile methods, there are discussions about what are user stories, why use user stories and how to describe the best way a system’s behavior through the requirements engineering. The purpose of this article is to show the use of user stories are sufficient during the requirements gathering, approaching the different ways to describe, understand and use them today. To illustrate the stages of
Symptomatology during previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and serostatus before vaccination influence the immunogenicity of BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine

Public health vaccination recommendations for COVID-19 primary series and boosters in previously infected individuals differ worldwide. As infection with SARS-CoV-2 is often asymptomatic, it remains to be determined if vaccine immunogenicity is comparable in all previously infected subjects. This study presents detailed immunological evidence to clarify the requirements for one- or two-dose primary vaccination series for naturally primed individuals. The main objective was to evaluate the immune response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination to establish the most appropriate vaccination regimen to induce robust immune responses in individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. The main outcome measure was a functional immunity score (zero to three) before and after vaccination, based on anti-RBD IgG levels, serum capacity to neutralize live virus and IFN-γ secretion capacity in response to SARS-CoV-2 peptide pools. One point was attributed for each of these three functional assays with response above the positivity threshold. The immunity score was compared based on subjects’ symptoms at diagnosis and/or serostatus prior to vaccination. None of the naïve participants (n=14) showed a maximal immunity score of three following one dose of vaccine compared to 84% of the previously infected participants (n=55). All recovered individuals who did not have an immunity score of three were seronegative prior to vaccination, and 67% had not reported symptoms resulting from their initial infection. Following one dose of vaccine, their immune responses were comparable to naïve individuals, with significantly weaker responses than individuals who were symptomatic during infection. These results indicate that the absence of symptoms during initial infection and negative serostatus prior to vaccination predict the strength of immune responses to COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Altogether, these findings highlight the importance of administering the complete two-dose primary regimen and following boosters of mRNA vaccines to individuals who experienced asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.
A lock-free environment for computer music: concurrent components for computer supported cooperative work

More than fifty years of computer music research has established a wide range of techniques and tools. Implementing all of these within a single application is impractical, yet each task might require a different selection to be applied. Therefore, the sharing of structured information between distinct applications becomes a key challenge for computer music as a field. While existing protocols provide a great deal of support for communication between the synthesis engines, minimal facilities exist for communicating userinterface constructs between distributed computer music applications. As a result, it remains difficult to apply techniques for computer supported cooperative work in a format which can be reused by a wide range of applications. This diminishes the opportunities by which more general collaborative composition and performance environments can be developed. In a distributed environment where user-interface objects may be replicated across multiple remote locations, concurrency control is required to maintain the integrity of each object. Previous methods for managing concurrent objects have typically introduced strong guarantees regarding a range of behaviours; however, these guarantees come at the cost of more complicated object frameworks which have failed to gain widespread community acceptance. Instead, a light-weight component model providing only the essential facilities is seen as a viable alternative. This dissertation investigates the use of lock-free shared-memory techniques for distributed computer music composition and performance environments. A method is presented by which the underlying user-interface structures may be separated from their manipulation, establishing an environment in which concurrent applications can provide multiple real-time views of shared components. Results include a formal correctness model for lock-free algorithms, a portable framework for concurrent components and a practical demonstration using a collection of components to implement a distributed text buffer.
Mitochondrial acetyl-CoA reversibly regulates locus-specific histone acetylation and gene expression

This study shows that genetic or pharmacological manipulation of the TCA cycle, when mitochondria are dysfunctional, can modulate histone acetylation and gene expression in the nucleus with physiological outcomes. The impact of mitochondrial dysfunction in epigenetics is emerging, but our understanding of this relationship and its effect on gene expression remains incomplete. We previously showed that acute mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) loss leads to histone hypoacetylation. It remains to be defined if these changes are maintained when mitochondrial dysfunction is chronic and if they alter gene expression. To fill these gaps of knowledge, we here studied a progressive and a chronic model of mtDNA depletion using biochemical, pharmacological, genomics, and genetic assays. We show that histones are primarily hypoacetylated in both models. We link these effects to decreased histone acetyltransferase activity unrelated to changes in ATP citrate lyase, acetyl coenzyme A synthetase 2, or pyruvate dehydrogenase activities, which can be reversibly modulated by altering the mitochondrial pool of acetyl-coenzyme A. Also, we determined that the accompanying changes in histone acetylation regulate locus-specific gene expression and physiological outcomes, including the production of prostaglandins. These results may be relevant to the pathophysiology of mtDNA depletion syndromes and to understanding the effects of environmental agents that lead to physical or functional mtDNA loss.
Unification of free energy minimization, spatiotemporal energy, and dimension reduction models of V1 organization: Postnatal learning on an antenatal scaffold

Developmental selection of neurons and synapses so as to maximize pulse synchrony has recently been used to explain antenatal cortical development. Consequences of the same selection process—an application of the Free Energy Principle—are here followed into the postnatal phase in V1, and the implications for cognitive function are considered. Structured inputs transformed via lag relay in superficial patch connections lead to the generation of circumferential synaptic connectivity superimposed upon the antenatal, radial, “like-to-like” connectivity surrounding each singularity. The spatiotemporal energy and dimension reduction models of cortical feature preferences are accounted for and unified within the expanded model, and relationships of orientation preference (OP), space frequency preference (SFP), and temporal frequency preference (TFP) are resolved. The emergent anatomy provides a basis for “active inference” that includes interpolative modification of synapses so as to anticipate future inputs, as well as learn directly from present stimuli. Neurodynamic properties are those of heteroclinic networks with coupled spatial eigenmodes.