Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GenomeMapping andMolecular Breeding of Tomato

The cultivated tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum, is the second most consumed vegetable worldwide and a well-studied crop species in terms of genetics, genomics, and breeding. It is one of the earliest crop plants for which a genetic linkage map was constructed, and currently there are several molecular maps based on crosses between the cultivated and various wild species of tomato. The high-density molecular map, developed based on an L. esculentum × L. pennellii cross, includes more than 2200 markers with an average marker distance of less than 1 cM and an average of 750 kbp per cM. Different types of molecular markers such as RFLPs, AFLPs, SSRs, CAPS, RGAs, ESTs, and COSs have been developed and mapped onto the 12 tomato chromosomes. Markers have been used extensively for identification and mapping of genes and QTLs for many biologically and agriculturally important traits and occasionally for germplasm screening, fingerprinting, and marker-assisted breeding. The utility of MAS in tomato breeding has been restricted largely due to limited marker polymorphism within the cultivated species and economical reasons. Also, when used, MAS has been employed mainly for improving simply-inherited traits and not much for improving complex traits. The latter has been due to unavailability of reliable PCR-based markers and problems with linkage drag. Efforts are being made to develop high-throughput markers with greater resolution, including SNPs. The expanding tomato EST database, which currently includes ∼214 000 sequences, the new microarray DNA chips, and the ongoing sequencing project are expected to aid development of more practical markers. Several BAC libraries have been developed that facilitate map-based cloning of genes and QTLs. Sequencing of the euchromatic portions of the tomato genome is paving the way for comparative and functional analysis of important genes and QTLs.
FACTORS INFLUENCING IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMUNITY BASED PROJECTS: A CASE OF GODEY IRRIGATION SCHEME, GARISSA COUNTY, KENYA

The various factors responsible for the success or failure of the implementation of a project are not well articulated, and may vary from one project to another. This study aims at establishing the factors responsible for the failure of the implementation of community based projects, with specific reference to Godey Irrigation Scheme. The study adopted descriptive survey design since descriptive research supports the development of precise measurements and reporting of characteristics of some population of phenomena (Neuman, 2003). The study was based at Raya Division in the outskirts of Garissa town. The project studied has been in existence since the early 2006. It has had several ups and downs, which can be used as a basis for determining reasons for project failure. A total of 170 respondents were targeted, including the farmers, their current leaders, former leaders, donors and non-governmental organizations that have interacted with Godey Irrigation Scheme. A total sample of 100 respondents was selected from the target population using stratified and systematic random sampling techniques, as well as sampling by availability method. Focused group discussion (FGD) guide, interview schedules, questionnaires and an observation schedule were developed and used to collect data. The instruments were validated through discussion with the researcher’s supervisors and other lecturers. Split-half method together with the Spearman Brown Prophecy Formula was applied to calculate and determine the reliability of the instruments (Gay, 1992). Data from the study was analyzed by arranging and grouping them according to specific research objectives and tabulating them in a frequency distribution table. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse quantitative data while qualitative data was analysed by thematic discussion of themes arising. Excel computer program was used to generate graphs and diagrams for presentation of the analysed data. The study found that Godey Irrigation Scheme has had well defined objectives since its inception, but the implementation of the project has been fluctuating with time and leadership. It also found that the main influence of effective implementation of project activities have been group leadership dynamics, members’ perception of the importance of the project as well as external stakeholders. The study therefore recommends that members of community based projects should always endeavour to perform project activities personally so as to ensure smooth running of project activities. Further, such members should always rope in external stakeholders as they are of major significances to project implementation.
Trustguard: A containment architecture with verified output

Abstract : Computers today are so complex and opaque that a user cannot know everything occurring within the system. Most efforts toward computer security have focused on securing software. However, software security techniques implicitly assume correct execution by the underlying system, including the hardware. Securing these systems has been challenging due to their complexity and the proportionate attack surface they present during their design, manufacturing, deployment, and operation. Ultimately, the users trust in the system depends on claims made by each party supplying the systems components.This dissertation presents the Containment Architecture with Verified Output (CAVO) model in recognition of the reality that existing tools and techniques are insufficient to secure complex hardware components in modern computing systems. Rather than attempt to secure each complex hardware component individually, CAVO establishes trust in hardware using a single, simple, separately manufactured component, called the Sentry. The Sentry bridges a physical gap between the untrusted system and its external interfaces andcontains the effects of malicious behavior by untrusted system components before the external manifestation of any such effects. Thus, only the Sentry and the physical gap mustbe secured in order to assure users of the containment of malicious behavior. The simplicity and pluggability of CAVOs Sentry enable suppliers and consumers to take additional measures to secure it, including formal verification, supervised manufacture, and supply chain diversification.This dissertation also presents TrustGuard the first prototype CAVO design to demonstrate the feasibility of the CAVO model. TrustGuard achieves containment by only allowing the communication of correctly executed results of signed software.
WP / 17 / 43 Launching Export Accelerations in Latin America and the World by

This paper investigates the determinants of sustained accelerations in goods and services exports. Strong predictors of export takeoffs include domestic and structural indicators such as lower macroeconomic uncertainty, improved quality of institutions, a depreciated exchange rate, and agricultural reforms. Lower tariffs, participation in global value chains and diversification also contribute to initiating export accelerations. The paper also finds heterogeneity, with somewhat different triggers for Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as for goods and services. Finally, despite the lack of a robust effect on output, export surges tend to be associated with lower post-acceleration unemployment and income inequality. JEL Classification Numbers: F13, F14, F43, I3, O1, O54
Genetic Transformation of Bacillus licheniformis by Gene Responsible for α-Amylase Production in Media Contains Sugar Crops Wastes

The importance of amylase enzymes is attributed to their ability to catalyze hydrolysis of starch and polysaccharides into maltose, glucose and/or maltodextrin for industrial processes. Their thermophilic characteristics are necessary to maintain stability under different conditions. Amylases are produced by, fungi, higher plants and animals. In the present study, thermophilic Bacillus (Bacillus stearothermophilus) isolated from beet pulp during sugar processing was used for cloning α-amylase gene into Bacillus licheniformis. The cloned and sequenced gene was 1827 bp in length. It has been registered in the GenBank (accession no. LC259133.1). This thermophilic amylase, with a molecular weight of 60 kD, was expressed and purified from the recombinant strain and matched to the α-amylase family protein of Bacillus stearothermophilus (GenBank accession no. M57457.1) using the NCBI database. The amino acid sequence of the cloned recombinant enzyme was 98% similar to that of the Bacillus stearothermophilus enzyme in the database. Bacillus strains were cultured and the activity of the enzyme was determined. The purified amylase on sugarcane bagasse and/or sugarbeet pulp media was highly active. Moreover, the modified B. licheniformis surpassed the other strain in cell mass amount and amylase activity on all media. These results confirmed that the gene transferred into B. licheniformis effectively increased amylase activity in this bacterium, while sugarcane wastes increased cell mass amount and enzyme activity. Also, thermostability of α-amylase was not clearly different between modified and original B. licheniformis. These provided evidence that gene transfer to B. licheniformis effectively increased its amylase activity but did not affect its thermostability. The enzyme produced in this study have high thermostability even 90 °C, high thermostability range allows it to be utilized in industrial applications, because their high yield, as well as their time and cost saving.
University of Dundee Multiple and Multidimensional life transitions in the context of life-limiting health conditions

Background: There is a dearth of literature that investigates life transitions of young adults (YAs) with life-limiting conditions, families and professionals. The scant literature that is available has methodological limitations, including not listening to the voice of YAs, collecting data retrospectively, at one time point, from one group’s perspective and single case studies. The aim of this study was to address the gaps found in our literature review and provide a clearer understanding of the multiple and multi-dimensional life transitions experienced by YAs and significant others, over a period of time. Methods: This qualitative study used a longitudinal design and data were collected using semi-structured interviews over a 6-month period at 3 time points. Participants included 12 YAs with life-limiting conditions and their nominated significant others (10 family members and 11 professionals). Data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach. Results: Life transitions of YA and significant others are complex; they experience multiple and multi-dimensional transitions across several domains. The findings challenge the notion that all life transitions are triggered by health transitions of YAs, and has highlighted environmental factors (attitudinal and systemic) that can be changed to facilitate smoother transitions in various aspects of their lives. Conclusions: This study makes a unique and significant contribution to literature. It provides evidence and rich narratives for policy makers and service providers to change policies and practices that are in line with the needs of YAs with life-limiting conditions as they transition to adulthood. Families and professionals have specific training needs that have not yet been met fully.
Nutritive Value Assessment of Acacia Species Using Their Chemical Analyses and in Vitro Gas Production Technique

To evaluate the nutritional value of the fresh shoots of 14 Acacia species (A. coriacea, A. cuthbertsonii, A. ineguilatera, A. iteaphylla, A. kempeana, A. ligulata, A. microbotrya, A. nilotica, A. oswaldii, A. pruinocarpa, A. saligna , A. sclerosperma, A. seyal and A. Victoria) that imported to be cultivated in Saudi Arabia, this study aimed to determine the potentiality of these species as ruminant food resources in comparison with alfalfa hay and wheat straw. Chemical analysis and in vitro gas production technique were used as the base for that evaluation. The crude protein content (CP) among tested Acacia spp. ranged from 8.0 to 16.7 % and it was comparable in A. iteaphylla with that of alfalfa hay, the values were 16.7 and 17.1% in A. iteaphyllaI and alfalfa hay, respectively. Among the tested Acacia spp, A. ineguilatera had the highest condensed tannins (CT) value, which ranged from 10.4 to 77.0 mg/g DM. Metabolizabole energy (ME, MJ/ kg DM) of tested Acacia spp. ranged from 4.35 to 6.69 MJ/ kg DM, which could supply the animals with the 53-84% of ME as in alfalfa hay. The CT/CP ratio in Acacia spp. found to have a negative correlation (r= 0.72, P <0.001) with either organic matter digestibility (OMD, %) or with ME (r= 0.80, P <0.001). To ease the evaluation of nutritive value of Acacia spp. the following equations might be applied, OMD (%) = 36.5 + 0.02CP + 0.3NDF 0.75CT; (r = 0.75; P < 0.001); ME (MJ/kg DM ) = 5.8 + 0.14CP + 0.02NDF 0.72CT; (r = 0.79; P <0.001), where CP and NDF are percentage of DM and CT as mg/g DM.
F " , $ F % , $ conv Conv Fusion conv ReLU concat X $ Spatial Attention Submodule α $ Σ RNNtask Feature Encoding Attention Pooling Temporal Aggregation

Recent advances in computer vision have made it possible to automatically assess from videos the manipulation skills of humans in performing a task, which breeds many important applications in domains such as health rehabilitation and manufacturing. Previous methods of video-based skill assessment did not consider the attention mechanism humans use in assessing videos, limiting their performance as only a small part of video regions is informative for skill assessment. Our motivation here is to estimate attention in videos that helps to focus on critically important video regions for better skill assessment. In particular, we propose a novel RNN-based spatial attention model that considers accumulated attention state from previous frames as well as high-level knowledge about the progress of an undergoing task. We evaluate our approach on a newly collected dataset of infant grasping task and four existing datasets of hand manipulation tasks. Experiment results demonstrate that state-of-the-art performance can be achieved by considering attention in automatic skill assessment.
SEMANTIC IMAGE SEGMENTATION VIA A DENSE PARALLEL NETWORK

Image segmentation has been an important area of study in computer vision. Image segmentation is a challenging task, since it involves pixel-wise annotation, i.e. labeling each pixel according to the class to which it belongs. In image classification task, the goal is to predict to which class an entire image belongs. Thus, there is more focus on the abstract features extracted by Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), with less emphasis on the spatial information. In image segmentation task, on the other hand, the abstract information and spatial information are needed at the same time. One class of work in image segmentation focuses on “recovering” the high-resolution features from the low resolution ones. This type of network has an encoder-decoder structure, and spatial information is recovered by feeding the decoder part of the model with previous high-resolution features through skip connections. Overall, these strategies involving skip connections try to propagate features to deeper layers. The second class of work, on the other hand, focuses on “maintaining" high resolution features throughout the process. In this thesis, we first review the related work on image segmentation and then introduce two new models, namely UnetLaplacian and Dense Parallel Network (DensePN). The Unet-Laplacian is a series CNN model, incorporating a Laplacian filter branch. This new branch performs Laplacian filter operation on the input RGB image, and feeds the output to the decoder. Experiments results show that, the output of the Unet-Laplacian captures more of the ground truth mask, and eliminates some of the false positives. We then describe the proposed DensePN, which was designed to find a good balance between extracting features through multiple layers and keeping spatial information. DensePN allows not only keeping high-resolution feature maps but also feature reuse at deeper layers to solve the image segmentation problem. We have designed the Dense Parallel Network based on three main observations that we have gained from our initial trials and preliminary studies. First, maintaining a high resolution feature map provides good performance. Second, feature reuse is very efficient, and allows having deeper networks. Third, having a parallel structure can provide better information flow. Experimental results on the CamVid dataset show that the proposed DensePN (with 1.1M parameters) provides a better performance than FCDense56 (with 1.5M parameters) by having less parameters at the same time. SEMANTIC IMAGE SEGMENTATION VIA A DENSE PARALLEL NETWORK
Investigation the strength of Five-factor model of Fama and French (2015) in describing fluctuations in stock returns

Prediction of stock returns is always one of the most important discussions of financial markets, which has led to introducing of various models to pricing financial assets, one of the most important of these models is to measure the surplus returns by Fama & French model was introduced in the form of a 5-factor model which, in spite of its satisfaction with the model, is still in conflict with many anomalies in the market, which the model can not explain, in the same way The purpose of this paper is to examine the strength of Five Factor Model of Fama & French (2015) for explaining volatility as a market anomaly.The sample consists of 168 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. Portfolio Analysis is the approach of this paper for testing explanatory power of the Five Factor Model. Results show that profitability and investment factors couldn’t explain excess returns. This conclusion contradicts the model of Fama and French (2016).
Identification of Local Rice from East Java Based on BADH2 Gene with Potency as Aromatic Rice

Local rice is wild rice that has been cultivated by Indonesian farmers. Potential local rice can be used as germplasm with a variety of genes controlling certain properties. Some rice in Indonesia have the potency as aromatic rice. The variety of aromatic rice is potentially to improve the quality of rice in Indonesia. The aroma of rice is controlled by the betain aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) gene. This gene consists of two alleles i.e. BADH1 and BADH2, which encode enzyme responsible for catalyzing the synthesis of 2-acetyl-1pyrroline (2-AP) compounds. This study aimed to identify the aromatic potential of Berlian varieties. Gene of BADH2 was isolated from leaves of those three varieties and amplified using forward primer 5'TTGTTTGGAGCTTGCTGATG -3' and reverse primer 5'-CATAGGAGCAGCTGAAATATATACC-3'. The BADH2 gene was successfully amplified with band size of 258 bp (Berlian variety). The BADH2 sequence of Berlian variety showed the similarity of 100% with BADH2 sequence of non-aromatic and did not similar
FISHERIES FOR DOLPHINS AND DUGONG IN SABAH , EAST MALAYSIA : PAST AND PRESENT

An interview survey was used to determine the nature and magnitude of directed catches of marine mammals and estimate the associated level of mortality in Sabah, East Malaysia. Between March 1997 and December 2004, we interviewed 1,186 fishermen, village headmen and/or knowledgeable villagers along the coastline. They were asked questions about sightings of marine mammals and past and present utilisation. A total of 294 (25%) interviewees said they have hunted the animals or reported hunting activities of their fathers or grandfathers in the past. Of this, 231 (79%) hunters caught dugongs (Dugong dugon), 14 (5%) hunted dolphins (Tursiops spp., Stenella spp.) and 49 (17%) hunted both groups of animals. The magnitude of dugong catches in the past was similar throughout Sabah, but significantly greater for dolphins in the Sulawesi and Sulu Seas than in the South China Sea. Fishermen using pump boats and/or gillnets are the majority of hunters. Harpoon or spear is the main hunting gear. About 326 dolphins and 796 dugongs were reported to be taken annually with an average catch of 5.2 dolphins (95% CI = 4.01, 6.34) and 2.8 dugongs (95% CI = 2.47, 3.21) per hunter. The bootstrapped estimates of dolphins and dugongs taken annually in each region and for each boat-type were extremely high and unsustainable. Most hunters had stopped hunting in the 1980’s and only 32 (11%) said they still hunt dolphins or dugong, at least occasionally or opportunistically during fishing trips. A dedicated monitoring and educational program is urgently required to significantly reduce the threat.
Interactive comment on “ The Normalized Difference Infrared Index ( NDII ) as a proxy for soil moisture storage in hydrological modelling ” by N .

The following review was written by a student of the MSc programme Earth and Environment at Wageningen University. As part of the course Integrated Topics in Earth and Environment, students are asked to prepare a review of a scientific paper. The supervisor of this review process is Ryan Teuling. The manuscript by Sriwongsitanon et al. was one of the manuscripts that was selected for this exercise. The review is written as an official review in order to comply with the course guidelines, but it should
Running head: IRONIC PERFORMANCE ERROR

26 We present five experiments that examined Wegner’s (1994) theory of ironic 27 processes of mental control in reactive motor performance under pressure for the first time. In 28 Experiments 1, 2 and 4, we conducted specific examinations of the incidence of ironic error 29 using a reactive motor task. In Experiments 3 and 5 we provided the first tests of whether 30 task instruction moderates the incidence of ironic errors. The task required participants to 31 react to a series of three primary color balls as they rolled down a chute under lowand high32 anxiety conditions. Measures of anxiety, heart rate, heart rate variability and muscle activity 33 confirmed the effectiveness of the anxiety manipulation. Experiments 1, 2 and 4 revealed that 34 anxiety increased the number of ironic errors. In Experiments 3 and 5, we provided the first 35 evidence that instructional interventions can reduce the incidence of anxiety-induced ironic 36 performance errors in reactive motor tasks. 37
The enabling role of digital technologies

Purpose of the paper: Starting from an overview of current trends, the aim of the present study is to identify models of cultural heritage enhancement in terms of consumer enjoyment from a new temporal and cognitive perspective. Methodology: The paper starts with a theoretical-conceptual analysis inherent to the main evolutionary stages of cultural heritage enhancement. It follows with the reporting of findings based on the Scenario Based Design (SBD) method relative to industrial research and experimental development in the context of the FIBAC project. Findings: The research evidences the empirical nature of the theoretical analysis carried out, identifying key elements relative to the visitor’s experiential dimension and highlighting innovative modalities of cultural experience. Research limits: The focus of the research addresses empirical evidence resulting from a specific scenario, however to enable the generalization of the findings in terms of validity and reliability, a more widespread analysis would be necessary. Practical implications: The logic underlying the experimental element of the project envisages the full involvement and participation of the visitors and represents a stimulus for exalting the managerial potential of cultural institutions (in particular museums) from the perspective of service management. Originality of the paper: This lies in the resorting to SBD methodology, relative to the development of customized technologies in the specific context of the cultural heritage experience, above all from an interdisciplinary point of view. Furthermore, given the state of the art, the study represents the first concrete experience carried out within the museum context.