Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Water-saving ground cover rice production system reduces net greenhouse gas fluxes in an annual rice-based cropping system

To safeguard food security and preserve pre- cious water resources, the technology of water-saving ground cover rice production system (GCRPS) is being increasingly adopted for rice cultivation. However, changes in soil water status and temperature under GCRPS may affect soil biogeo- chemical processes that control the biosphere-atmosphere exchanges of methane (CH4/, nitrous oxide (N2O) and car- bon dioxide (CO2/. The overall goal of this study is to bet- ter understand how net ecosystem greenhouse gas exchanges (NEGE) and grain yields are affected by GCRPS in an an- nual rice-based cropping system. Our evaluation was based on measurements of the CH4 and N2O fluxes and soil het- erotrophic respiration (CO2 emissions) over a complete year, and the estimated soil carbon sequestration intensity for six different fertilizer treatments for conventional paddy and GCRPS. The fertilizer treatments included urea application and no N fertilization for both conventional paddy (CUN and CNN) and GCRPS (GUN and GNN), and solely chicken manure (GCM) and combined urea and chicken manure ap- plications (GUM) for GCRPS. Averaging across all the fer- tilizer treatments, GCRPS increased annual N2O emission and grain yield by 40 and 9 %, respectively, and decreased annual CH4 emission by 69 %, while GCRPS did not af- fect soil CO2 emissions relative to the conventional paddy. The annual direct emission factors of N2O were 4.01, 0.09 and 0.50 % for GUN, GCM and GUM, respectively, and 1.52 % for the conventional paddy (CUN). The annual soil carbon sequestration intensity under GCRPS was estimated to be an average of 1.33 Mg C ha 1 yr 1 , which is approxi-
A MAXIMUM ENTROPY MODEL OF THE BEARDED CAPUCHIN MONKEY HABITAT INCORPORATING TOPOGRAPHY AND SPECTRAL UNMIXING ANALYSIS

Abstract. Movement patterns of bearded capuchin monkeys (Cebus (Sapajus) libidinosus) in northeastern Brazil are likely impacted by environmental features such as elevation, vegetation density, or vegetation type. Habitat preferences of these monkeys provide insights regarding the impact of environmental features on species ecology and the degree to which they incorporate these features in movement decisions. In order to evaluate environmental features influencing movement patterns and predict areas suitable for movement, we employed a maximum entropy modelling approach, using observation points along capuchin monkey daily routes as species presence points. We combined these presence points with spatial data on important environmental features from remotely sensed data on land cover and topography. A spectral mixing analysis procedure was used to generate fraction images that represent green vegetation, shade and soil of the study area. A Landsat Thematic Mapper scene of the area of study was geometrically and atmospherically corrected and used as input in a Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) procedure and a linear spectral unmixing approach was used to generate the fraction images. These fraction images and elevation were the environmental layer inputs for our logistic MaxEnt model of capuchin movement. Our models' predictive power (test AUC) was 0.775. Areas of high elevation (>450 m) showed low probabilities of presence, and percent green vegetation was the greatest overall contributor to model AUC. This work has implications for predicting daily movement patterns of capuchins in our field site, as suitability values from our model may relate to habitat preference and facility of movement.
The impact of climate change on generation and transmission in the Australian national electricity market

This paper aims to identify climate change adaptation issues in the Australian National Electricity Market (NEM) by assessing the robustness of the institutional arrangements that support effective adaptation from the supply side. This paper finds that three major factors are hindering or are required for adaptation to climate change: institutional fragmentation both economically and politically; distorted transmission and distribution investment deferment mechanisms; and lacking mechanisms to develop a diversified portfolio of generation technology and energy sources to reduce supply risk. Proposed solutions to the three factors are discussed. These proposed solutions are tested and examined in forthcoming papers.
Population Characteristics of Big Brown Bat and Arizona Myotis Using Artificial Roosting Structures in Northern Arizona

Abstract. Big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) and a close relative of Arizona myotis (Myotis occultus), the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) in the eastern United States, are among those species experiencing unprecedented population declines related to white-nose syndrome (WNS). Determining population characteristic baselines for big brown bat and Arizona myotis is paramount in detecting population declines before they reach critical levels. We targeted 2 bat species strongly associated with ponderosa pine forests in northern Arizona. Big brown bats and Arizona myotis readily utilize human-made structures and have a cosmopolitan distribution across the ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) ecosystem of northern Arizona (Adams 2003). Between 2005 and 2012 we installed artificial bat roosts at Camp Navajo near Flagstaff, Arizona. We captured bats at these roosting structures and marked them using modified bird bands. We established baseline population characteristics on Camp Navajo by utilizing a 7-year mark-and-recapture data set. We also provide a measure of population status that may be compared across temporal scales within the study area. In essence, this study provides the basis for an early warning system for WNS in Arizona.
Simulation of synthetic jets with non-sinusoidal forcing functions for heat transfer applications

Effective techniques for cooling electronic devices are essential for dealing with increasing heat loads associated with higher density manufacturing processes. Many conventional cooling techniques are reaching the limits of their effectiveness, and more novel methods of heat transfer are necessary to cope with these higher cooling demands. Devices based on zero net mass flux jets (or synthetic jets) show promise in this area and are being actively investigated by a number of researchers. Typically in these devices the piston or diaphragm creating the synthetic jet is driven by a sinusoidal motion. In the present work the effect of using a non-sinusoidal forcing function was investigated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). A synthetic jet consisting of a channel, cavity and moving piston was modelled in order to capture accurately the flow and heat transfer from a heated surface. The open-source CFD software OpenFOAM was used for the simulations, and in particular its moving dynamic mesh libraries. Custom modifications were implemented to create the non-sinusoidal motion of the piston. Within OpenFOAM, mesh motion is facilitated by applying suitable boundary conditions for the displacement(s) at each boundary, while at each timestep a Laplace equation is solved for the displacement of the internal mesh nodes based on the displacement of the boundary nodes. Within this framework the nonsinusoidal motion of the piston was modelled by creating a custom boundary condition to give the desired piston displacement at each timestep. The piston motion was described by a phase modulated sinusoidal function, with the operating frequency of the modulator and carrier kept the same. The modulator phase was selected so that the piston motion exhibited a rapid discharge stroke, followed by a slower intake stroke. This motion increased the momentum of the fluid that impinged on the heated surface, while keeping the operating frequency constant. Behaviour of the system with sinusoidal motion of the piston was also simulated to allow the heat transfer enhancement due to the non-sinusoidal motion to be determined. A two dimensional synthetic jet was considered, with the k-ω SST turbulence model used to account for turbulence in the flow. An additional transport equation was solved for the energy, and heat transfer, in the system. The synthetic jet system investigated had a cavity width of 10 mm and a mean depth of 10 mm. The orifice had both a width and depth of 1 mm, while the heated surface was located 10 mm from the orifice discharge. Oscillating frequencies of 250, 500 and 1000 Hz were investigated. Comparison of the heat transfer results between sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal operation showed heat transfer to be between 5 and 10 percent higher for non-sinusoidal results.
Phylogenetic relationships in Ranunculus species (Ranunculaceae) based on nrDNA ITS and cpDNA trnL-F sequences

The genus Ranunculus L. , with a worldwide distribution, is the largest member of the Ranunculaceae. Here, nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data and chloroplast trnLF sequence data were used to analyze phylogenetic relationships among members of the annual and perennial (Group Praemorsa, Group Rhizomatosa, Group Grumosa and Group non-Grumosa) species of Ranunculus in Iran. In the strict consensus tree of nrDNA ITS sequence analyses, seven sub-clades were described, based on morphological, karyological, palynological, and ecological features. Within each clade, there were species belonging to more than one Group, and species of a single Group may fall into different clades, revealing that a classification based on underground system characters does not show natural interspecific relationships and must be revised. This is also apparent from trnL-F sequence analyses. Based on our results, the Praemorsa and Rhizomatosa Groups can be merged. The ITS sequence data show interspecific relationships more clearly than trnL-F sequence data. © 2011 Progress in Biological Sciences, Vol. 1, No.1, 41-47.
High surface area DPA-hematite for efficient detoxification of bisphenol A via peroxymonosulfate activation

A novel dipicolinic acid-functionalized hematite (DPA-hematite) with high surface area was prepared by co-precipitation of a Fe(III)–DPA complex. It was used as a catalyst to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for bisphenol A (BPA) detoxification. The XRD, FESEM, TEM and FTIR characterization indicated that nano-sized DPA-hematite with aggregated quasi-nanosphere morphology was obtained with a 1 : 1 ratio of Fe(III) to DPA. Higher catalytic activity of DPA-hematite over other Fe(III)-based catalysts was observed for BPA oxidation in the presence of oxone. The kinetics of BPA removal was investigated using a kinetic model with BPA concentration, initial oxone dosage and surface area of DPA-hematite. For the first time, the acute toxicity of BPA solution over time with elimination of oxone toxicity interference was studied using Vibrio fischeri bacteria and the results indicated that the evolution of acute toxicity was highly dependent on the initial oxone dosage. Under deficit oxone conditions, BPA was completely transformed to by-products along with decreased intrinsic toxicity but ring-opening reactions were barely observed which can be explained based on the dimerization–mineralization degradation pathways. Under excess oxone conditions, the intrinsic toxicity of BPA solution decreased along with ring-opening reactions leading to a greater extent of mineralization. The DPA-hematite can be reused for BPA detoxification for at least three cycles in the presence of 2.0 g L−1 oxone.
Chemical investigation and antioxidant activity of fractions of Lannea humilis (Oliv.) Engl.

The assessment of secondary metabolites shows the availability of steroids, terpenes, glycosides, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and carbohydrate in the extracts of the stem bark of Lannea humilis . Steroids and terpenes were available in the hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol fraction, while tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids were available in the ethyl acetate and methanol extract. Carbohydrate and saponins were available just in the methanol division. The antioxidant activity of these plant extracts demonstrated a dose-dependent increment. The ethyl acetate extract displayed most noteworthy antioxidant activity of 98% at 240 µg/ml, followed by the hexane extract which had a percentage antioxidant activity of 92 % at 240 µg/ml. The methanol extract demonstrated percentage antioxidant activity of 71 % at 240 µg/ml. These results demonstrated that this plant can be used as a good antioxidant.
Dayside flow bursts and high-latitude reconnection when the IMF is strongly northward

Abstract. The characteristics of dayside ionospheric convection are studied using Northern Hemispheric SuperDARN data and DMSP particle and flow observations when the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) was strongly northward during 13:00–15:00 UT on 2 March 2002. Although IMF Bx was positive, which is believed to favour Southern Hemisphere high-latitude reconnection at equinox, a four-cell convection pattern was observed and lasted for more than 1.5 h in the Northern Hemisphere. The reconnection rate derived from an analysis of the Northern Hemisphere SuperDARN data illustrates that the high-latitude reconnection was quasi-periodic, with a period between 4–16 min. A sawtooth-like and reverse-dispersed ion signature was observed by DMSP-F14 in the sunward cusp convection at around 14:41 UT, confirming that the high-latitude reconnection was pulsed. Accompanying the pulsed reconnection, strong antisunward ionospheric flow bursts were observed in the post-noon LLBL region on closed field lines, propagating with the same speed as the plasma convection. DMSP flow data show that a similar flow pattern and particle precipitation occurred in the conjugate Southern Hemisphere.
Effect of Roasting Conditions on the Browning Index and Appearance Properties of Pulp Pre-Conditioned and Fermented Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao) Beans

Appearance is an important quality determinant of cocoa beans and it is used as standard criteria to establish the degree of fermentation and drying of the beans. Changes in browning index and colour (L*a* b*) during roasting of pulp pre-conditioned and fermented cocoa beans were studied using standard analytical methods. Increasing pod storage and roasting time at 120oC led to variable increases in browning index (BI) and b*-values of the beans with decreases in the L* and a* values. Cocoa pod stored for 10 days showed the highest BI (1.144) with the least L* value (24.15) whilst beans from the unstored pods showed the least BI (1.007) with the highest L* value (25.55). The rates of change in BI and colour (L*, a*, b*) were however more pronounced during roasting than pod storage. Brown pigment formation (BI) and the L* value were more pronounced after 30 minutes of roasting in beans from pods stored for 3 to 7 days. The colour changes in beans from 10 days pod storage was significant (p<0.05) after 45 minutes of roasting. The beans from the pods stored for 3 to 7 days showed consistent decrease in L* and a* values with increasing roasting time whiles the beans from the 10 days of pod storage were observed to produce lower L* value (darker beans) after 45 minutes of roasting. Pod storage between 3 to 7 days could be used to improve the brownness and appearance of roasted cocoa nibs. Beans from cocoa pod stored between 3 to 7 days produced the most acceptable BI and L* value after roasting for 30 minutes at 120oC.
Effects of Wushu Exercise on Cognitive and Motor Function of Patients with Mild Cerebral Apoplexy

Wushu has been widely used in the rehabilitation of a variety of diseases, but its effect on patients with cerebral apoplexy has not been clearly explained. Under this background, after reducing the difficulty of Wushu actions, the study focuses on the effect of Wushu exercise on cognitive function and motor function of 71 patients with mild cerebral apoplexy by means of clinical control experiment. By comparing the results of EEG mean and variance, and performance on Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale and Wolf Motor Function Scale between the experimental group and the control group, it’s found that Wushu can promote the recovery of cognitive function and motor function of patients. However, the recovery of cognitive and motor functions of patients is not achieved by the recovery of controlling functions of nerve cell in charge of corresponding functions, but by the compensation effect among nerve cells in different regions. The conclusion of this study has important theoretical and practical significance in guiding the rehabilitation treatment of patients with cerebral apoplexy.
Reflections on Adapting to the ECOWAS CET

While combating the Ebola outbreak currently plaguing Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone remains the absolute priority for these small ECOWAS members, returning to normal will not be business as usual. Along with others, they will have to comply with the Common External Tariff (CET) adopted by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) which still has an agreed but oft delayed and increasingly unlikely implementation date of January 2015. Secondary as this issue may be right now, the probable welfare effects from the adopted CET—even with the temporary adjustment measures introduced in October 2013 –will be consequential for the small ECOWAS countries if poverty alleviation remains a core goal of ECOWAS states.
Application of Thidiazuron (TDZ) for in vitro multiplication of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) and profile of volatile compounds

This study evaluated in vitro multiplication and volatile production of yarrow ('A. millefolium' L.) a medicinal plant, with different Thidiazuron (TDZ) concentrations. Explants with 10 mm length were inoculated into flasks containing 40 mL of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 mg L-1 TDZ, and the control without the regulator. The experimental design was completely randomized with five replicates per treatment. At 45 days of culture, the number of shoots, shoot length and dry mass of shoots were evaluated. It was also checked the changes of the volatile constituents of leaves, in all treatments and plants within 30 and 75 days in MS free-hormone medium. The volatiles of leaves were analyzed by headspace-GC/MS. The application of 0.75 mg L-1 of TDZ showed the best combination of variables number, length and dry mass of shoots. Regarding volatile compounds, 32 constituents were identified, and the major constituents in all treatments were sabinene, 1.8-cineole, borneol, beta-caryophyllene and beta-cubebene. It was observed significant changes in the profile, number and contents of the constituents with presence of TDZ.
Right Wing Autoritharism, Social Dominance Orientation, Controllability of the Weight and their Relationship with Antifat Attitudes

Las actitudes antiobesos hacen referencia a los estereotipos sobre las personas con problemas de peso. La literatura sugiere que la gente que tiene una vision ideologica conservadora tambien presenta actitudes negativas hacia las personas obesas. Es un hecho bien establecido que una de las raices de las actitudes negativas hacia los obesos es la percepcion que tienen las personas prejuiciosas sobre la controlabilidad del peso. En el presente estudio se ha analizado si el autoritarismo (predisposicion que tienen los individuos a seguir los dictados de un lider asi como a tener valores convencionales y tradicionales) y la orientacion a la dominancia social (el deseo de que el endogrupo domine al resto de exogrupos) predice el prejuicio hacia las personas obesas y si la controlabilidad del peso media esta relacion. Para ello, se seleccionaron 456 mujeres estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia (UNED) de 18 a 35 anos. Los resultados pusieron de manifiesto que el autoritarismo, la orientacion a la dominancia social, la controlabilidad del peso y las actitudes antiobesos estaban positivamente correlacionadas, y que la controlabilidad mediaba la relacion entre las variables ideologicas y la actitud antiobesos.
Detailed kinetics of the pyrolysis and oxidation of anisole

Pyrolysis, gasification and combustion of biomass are promising alternative energy sources. The kinetic understanding of these processes is crucial in the design and optimization of large-scale units. This paper proposes a detailed kinetic model for the pyrolysis and oxidation of anisole, a model compound for the lignin fraction of biomass. Model predictions are compared to a wide range set of experimental data. The chemistry of the highly resonant phenoxy radical is relevant in the formation of important intermediates, as cresols, phenol and cyclopentadiene. This kinetic study further confirms the importance and the role of resonantly stabilized radicals such as benzyl and phenoxyl radicals.
Laboratory Evaluation of Two Bioenergetics Models for Brown Trout

Abstract Laboratory growth and food consumption data for two size-classes of brown trout Salmo trutta subjected to three distinct feeding regimes at two temperatures were used to evaluate the ability of two bioenergetics models to predict fish growth. Accuracy of cumulative consumption predictions was also tested for one of the models. Consumption-dependent prediction error has been commonly observed in bioenergetics models for other fish species; model errors for predicting relative growth rate of individual fish were regressed on observed mean daily consumption rate to assess whether the two bioenergetics models exhibited this type of error. Both models yielded unbiased estimates of brown trout growth that were within 1–12% of observed values across the range of fish sizes, water temperatures, and ration levels tested. For regressions of predicted versus observed final weight, the Bonferroni joint 95% confidence intervals for slope included 1 and confidence intervals for the y-intercept included 0 for b.
Local Fractional Laplace Variational Iteration Method for Solving Diffusion and Wave Equations on Cantor Sets within Local Fractional Operators

The local fractional Laplace variational iteration method (LFLVIM) is employed to handle the diffusion and wave equations on Cantor set. The operators are taken in the local sense. The nondifferentiable approximate solutions are obtained by using the local fractional Laplace variational iteration method, which is the coupling method of local fractional variational iteration method and Laplace transform. Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the high accuracy and fast convergence of this new algorithm.
Realistic modelling of facial expressions using volume morphing

The article presents experiments in realistic modelling of facial expressions using volume morphing. The experiments use a variable number of points and face features. As the results are shown meshes deviations (between goal mesh and morphed shape). Experiments have shown that it is impossible to carry out a fully realistic morphing based on existing software. At the same time, even imperfect morphing allows you to show the expected emotional facial expression.