Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Language Models Explain Word Reading Times Better Than Empirical Predictability

Though there is a strong consensus that word length and frequency are the most important single-word features determining visual-orthographic access to the mental lexicon, there is less agreement as how to best capture syntactic and semantic factors. The traditional approach in cognitive reading research assumes that word predictability from sentence context is best captured by cloze completion probability (CCP) derived from human performance data. We review recent research suggesting that probabilistic language models provide deeper explanations for syntactic and semantic effects than CCP. Then we compare CCP with three probabilistic language models for predicting word viewing times in an English and a German eye tracking sample: (1) Symbolic n-gram models consolidate syntactic and semantic short-range relations by computing the probability of a word to occur, given two preceding words. (2) Topic models rely on subsymbolic representations to capture long-range semantic similarity by word co-occurrence counts in documents. (3) In recurrent neural networks (RNNs), the subsymbolic units are trained to predict the next word, given all preceding words in the sentences. To examine lexical retrieval, these models were used to predict single fixation durations and gaze durations to capture rapidly successful and standard lexical access, and total viewing time to capture late semantic integration. The linear item-level analyses showed greater correlations of all language models with all eye-movement measures than CCP. Then we examined non-linear relations between the different types of predictability and the reading times using generalized additive models. N-gram and RNN probabilities of the present word more consistently predicted reading performance compared with topic models or CCP. For the effects of last-word probability on current-word viewing times, we obtained the best results with n-gram models. Such count-based models seem to best capture short-range access that is still underway when the eyes move on to the subsequent word. The prediction-trained RNN models, in contrast, better predicted early preprocessing of the next word. In sum, our results demonstrate that the different language models account for differential cognitive processes during reading. We discuss these algorithmically concrete blueprints of lexical consolidation as theoretically deep explanations for human reading.
Design of a Frequency Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna for Multiband Applications

A simple frequency reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna for multiband applications is proposed. It consists of two patches on the same FR4 substrate with a gap 1.8 mm in between them. Three RF pin diodes are employed for making the electrical connection between the patches. Frequency reconfigurability characteristic of this antenna is obtained by means of controlling the states of these pin diodes. The designed microstrip antenna can be reconfigured in five different resonant frequencies viz. 2.4, 4.26, 4.32, 4.58 and 5.76 with acceptable return loss. All the reconfigurable states provide a fixed radiation pattern.
A Study on an Accurate Underwater Location of Hybrid Underwater Gliders Using Machine Learning

A hybrid underwater glider (HUG) is marine observation equipment that consumes a small amount of energy and offers greater range and navigation times. To achieve reduced energy consumption, however, the HUG uses imprecise navigation sensors, such as mems-type GPS and AHRS, resulting in inaccurate coordination. This study makes a new attempt on the application of machine learning algorithms in a way that complements sensor data errors to improve navigation performance. The proposed algorithm was used to a simulation of the HUG's navigation and control system, after which the updated heading angle was decided by using the previous position data and environmental data, such as ocean current and external forces. The learning algorithm was designed using three layers. Also, the Leaky ReLU activation function was used to solve the problems of gradient vanishing and dying ReLU of machine learning. And to improve the learning efficiency, active functions and the number of layers were changed. The simulation results show the excellent performance of the proposed learning algorithm.
Investigation of Candidate Genes and Mechanism Associated with Immune Cell during the Progression of Glioblastoma based on Bioinformatics

Background: This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of immune cell infiltration during the development of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and explore the potential immune cell associated prognostic genes for GBM. Methods: Gene expression data and corresponding clinical data of GBM samples (tumor group) and normal samples (normal group) in TCGA-GBM and GTEx dataset were downloaded. The differentially expression analysis was performed on samples between two groups. Based on tumor immune microenvironment analysis, the immune-related RNAs (lncRNAs and mRNAs) were further explored. Then, functional enrichment analysis, ceRNA network, risk prediction model and prognosis investigation were performed. Finally, the results of survival prognosis of key genes were tested by additional datasets. Results: A total of 4989 up-regulated genes and 2349 down-regulated genes were revealed between tumor group and normal group. M2 macrophages accounted for the largest proportion of tumor infiltrates immune cells in GBM, and was related to the prognosis of GBM patients. Totally 168 mRNAs (KIF18B) and 5 lncRNAs were related to infiltration of M2 Macrophage, of which 25 mRNAs and 5 lncRNAs forms a ceRNA network through 37 miRNAs (eg., miR-6849-3p). These genes were mainly assembled in functions like signal release. A risk model based on 5 mRNAs (such as FOX4 and ELFN2) and lncRNA PR11-161H23.5 was constructed. Verification test showed that all 5 mRNAs were significantly associated with OS prognosis.Conclusions: M2 Macrophage infiltration might participate in tumorigenesis of GBM via RP11-161H23.5-miR6849-3p-KIF18B ceRNA interaction. Furthermore, mRNAs such as FOX4 and ELFN2 might be potential prognostic markers for GBM patients.
New Methods for Stress Concentration Factor Calculation in Butt Welded Joints: A Comparative Study

Surface cracks in butt-welded joints usually occur in places with increased stress concentrations. The stress concentration factor (SCF) can be calculated using an empirical equation, with five geometric parameters of a butt-welded joint (thickness of the base material, toe radius, weld toe angle, weld width, and reinforcement height). However, in anindustrial environment, it is impractical and sometimes even impossible to measure all five geometric parameters with sufficient accuracy. In this study, eight experiments on butt-welded joints were performed. All samples were scanned with a 3D scanner, and the geometric sizes of the welded joints were measured using computer software. A modified empirical expression proposed by Ushirokawa and Nakayama was used to calculate the SCF; the expression was adjusted in such a way that the SCF was calculated by knowing only the toe radius. In addition, four new expressions were proposed for the calculation of the SCF by knowing the toe radius in relation to the weld toe angle; the expressions were then compared and analysed. Additionally, the values of the stress concentrations in the butt-welded joints were obtained using afinite element method (FEM). The SCFs calculated using the four methods were compared and further discussed. Our data suggested a new accurate and straightforward approach for calculating the SCF by knowing only the weld toe radius.
Elution efficiency of Mo-99/Tc-99M generators

Elution efficiency of 99mTc from 99Mo/99mTc generators was examined in dependence on the kind of adsorbent and eluence. The generators contained either pure alumina or alumina modified by addition of silica gel or by adsorption of divalent copper. For elution, besides pure saline solution (0.9% NaCl), saline modified by addition of 100 ng of ascorbic acid per ml was tested. High and stable 99mTc elution yield ensures only the adsorbent modified by addition of copper (0.2-0.3 mg Cu(II)/g alumina), both in the "dry" and the "wet" mode of the generator operation. It was found that, under the given experimental conditions, ascorbic acid has no significant influence on 99mTc elution efficiency.
Sorption of carbon dioxide at high temperatures by slag

After industrial revolution, the increases of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere are resulted from the consumption of huge amounts of fossil fuels; hence causes global climate changes including temperature increasing and ocean level rising. Technologies on the mitigation of carbon dioxide emission have been developed, and CO2 removal from gas mixture by washing with solvent is one of the most widely practiced industrial gas-absorption processes. Wet scrubber requires large amount of water, resulting in decreasing the thermal efficiency of the system, hence the high temperature carbonation by dry techniques, such as adding sorbents of calcium and magnesium in the gasifier to react with carbon dioxide and form metal carbonate, is a trend for related fields. Therefore, reducing the cost of sorbents is of important in this technique. Consequently, two types of metal waste (slag and fly ash) are used to absorb carbon dioxide and identified their utilization under various conditions.
Parent feedback: perception of parents and pediatric residents in Asian culture

Background Residency programs have used feedback of parents as a part of multisource feedback to improve residents’ skills. However, there is no evidence showing how parents can appropriately be engaged in pediatric resident feedback in our context. This study aimed to investigate: 1) the resident skills assessed by parents in perception of Thai parents and pediatric residents and 2) the parent characteristics making credible feedback in perception of Thai pediatric residents. Methods The participating parents were asked to rate their confident to assess residents’ skills according to 17 items of the PARENTS questionnaire (Likert scale 1–5). To enhance the reasons of parent’s confident, the parents responded to think aloud interviews. We conducted focus groups in order to explore the resident perception on parents’ assessable resident skills and credible parent characteristics. Results There were 51 parents revealing the mean confident scores of 17 items ranged from 4.06 to 4.37. The parents felt confident to assess the residents’ skills according to the questionnaire because they directly experienced the residents’ performance during admissions. Five resident focus groups were conducted. In resident perception, residents’ skills in communication, collaboration, leadership and professionalism were assessable by parents. The characteristics affecting the feedback credibility included parents’ prior experience, personal behavior and confrontation to medical situation. Conclusions Thai residency programs may use parent feedback for residents’ performance improvement as both parents and residents are able to identify the parents’ assessable skills. The feedback process should consider the credible parents’ characteristics to increase the acceptability and avoid the bias.
Growth analysis of PEI/DPPG self-assembled films by quartz crystal microbalance

Aiming to create heterostructures with intact liposomes, layer-by-layer (LbL) films of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl glycerol (DPPG) liposomes alternated with the polyelectrolyte poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) were characterized in situ using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The QCM data analysis allows to infer that DPPG adsorbed amount is dependent of the number of bilayers already adsorbed, increasing from 24 mg/m2 for the first bilayer to a constant value of 103±14 mg/m2 after the 4th bilayer. This dependence was interpreted by the evolution of the roughness with the number of bilayers which increases until a maximum and after that decreases to a constant value. Kinetic curves reveals that the DPPG adsorption is justified by two processes, one which is associated to a adsorption of DPPG liposomes with a small constant time independent of the number of bilayers and another, dependent of the number of bilayers, associated to a structural rearrangement of DPPG liposomes on the surface.
Motherhood and Decision-Making Among Women Living with HIV: A Systematic Review with Qualitative Research Synthesis.

Objective: To explain the reproductive decision-making process of women living with HIV according to their experiences.Design: Systematic review with qualitative research synthesis. Studies were assessed with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme and the JBI Checklist for Qualitative Research. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO, and the results reported in adherence with the PRISMA statement and the ENTREQ recommendations.Setting: Studies with qualitative data from member countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development were selected to maintain consistency in the conditions of women living with HIV, including socioeconomic, human rights, and access to health services.Participants: Studies published in journals from 1995 to 2019 with qualitative data about reproductive decision-making among women living with HIV were searched in multiple databases, including CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE (through PubMed), Scopus, Social Science Citation Index, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Spanish databases Cuidatge, Cuiden Enfispo, and SciELO.Results: From the 4,198 articles identified and assessed, 18 were included for analysis and synthesis with 1,333 participants from 10 countries. Three meta‐categories were constructed from 15 themes that emerged from 45 subthemes to give new meaning to the phenomena of reproductive decision-making for women living with HIV as 1) Shattered identity, 2) Barriers, inequities, and misinformation, and 3) Coping, resiliency, and support.Key Conclusions: Reproductive decision-making is a complex process with multiple challenges that women living with HIV encounter with knowledge deficiencies and limited social support. Decisions need to be taken judiciously by women living with HIV in collaboration with clinicians within the context of a supportive health system. Implications for practice: An integrated approach to care with comprehensive multidisciplinary counseling are needed to support women living with HIV as they engage in reproductive decision-making. Clinicians require professional development as well as evidence-based clinical guidelines and educational resources to support person-centered care for these women, and their families.
Does crude measurement contribute to observed unidimensionality of psychological constructs? An example with DSM-5 alcohol use disorder

Mental disorders are complex, multifaceted phenomena that are associated withprofound heterogeneity and comorbidity. Despite the heterogeneity of mental disorder, most are generally considered unitary dimensions. We argue that certain measurement practices, especially using too few indicators per construct, preclude the detection of meaningful multidimensionality. We demonstrate the implications of crude measurement for detecting construct multidimensionality with alcohol use disorder (AUD). To do so, we used a large sample of college heavy drinkers (N=909) for whom AUD symptomology was thoroughly assessed (87 items) and a blend of confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and hierarchical clustering. A unidimensional AUD model with one item per symptom criterion fit the data well, whereas a unidimensional model with all items fit the data poorly. Starting with an 11-item AUD model, model fit decreased and the variability in factor loadings increased asadditional items were added to the model. Additionally, multidimensional models outperformed unidimensional ones in terms of variance explained in theoretically-relevant external criteria. All told, we converged on a hierarchically-organized model of AUD with three broad, transcriterial dimensions that reflected Tolerance, Withdrawal, and Loss of Control. In addition to introducing a hierarchical model of AUD, we propose that thorough assessment of psychological constructs paired with serious consideration of alternative, multidimensional structures can move past the deadlock of their unidimensional representations.
Emergence of Application Based Transportation and its Impacts on Travelling Trends: A Case Study of Lahore

The urban transportation system impacts the sustainable development of a country. Ride sourcing is a transportation model that operates under the notion of sharing economy. This study attempts to identify the changes in travel patterns of the users, particularly female users and their access to space. Focusing on how for the women in Lahore, the mobility has changed? The data for this research has been collected from passengers and drivers of ride-sourcing in Lahore through structured questionnaires. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to do the econometric analysis of consumers and drivers. Main findings indicate that for females, there is a significant shift in travel patterns from conventional modes (family car, public transportation) towards ride-sourcing. The results indicate that Uber and Careem has improved mobility as women feel secure in ride-sourcing services compared to public transportation. The female population of Lahore have started taking more trips because of car availability. The paper also tries to calculate the carbon emissions of ride-sourcing. The increasing number of cars is contributing to the city's worsening air pollution as the concept of 'one person in one car' prevails. The social impacts are positive, where women have become more mobile and independent because of app-based transportation.
A Metal-Free Approach for the Synthesis of 2-Tetralones via Carbanion-Induced Ring Transformation of 2H-Pyran-2-ones

Abstract A metal-free, ultrasound-assisted approach for the synthesis of highly functionalized 2-tetralones in high yields is described. The process involves ring transformation of 2H-pyran-2-ones with the spirocyclic ketone 1,4-cyclohexandione monoethylene ketal to yield spirocyclic ketals and subsequent acid-mediated hydrolysis. This protocol is free from any organometallic reagents, is economical and tolerates a wide range of functional groups.
A Generalized Finite Element Approach towards the Free Vibration Analysis of Non-uniform Axially Functionally Graded Beam

A generalized finite element approach, for the free vibration analysis of an axially functionally graded (AFG) beam, having non-uniform thickness, has been presented in the current analysis. The use of non-uniform beam element and the way of assembling the same, make the finite element model, a generalized one. The current approach can be used for beams of both uniform and non-uniform thickness, with any of the homogenous and inhomogeneous material variation. The governing equation for free vibration of beam has been derived considering Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and by using Euler-Lagrange's equation. The cross-section of the of the beam is decreasing along the length depending upon the exponential function considered for variation in thickness. The material inhomogeneity is as per the Power and Exponential law of material variation along the axial direction, taken from the literature. Mathematical modelling of geometric non-uniformity, material inhomogeneity and finite element analysis of the AFG beam, have been performed using MATLAB. The effect of geometric non-uniformity and material gradient parameters on the fundamental frequencies of vibration in different classical boundary conditions have been investigated. The efficacy of the current method has been ascertained by comparing the result of available literature.
Spectrophotometric and Electrochemical Determination of MicroRNA-155 Using Sandwich Hybridization Magnetic Beads

ABSTRACT Here a new colorimetric assay and electrochemical biosensor for microRNA detection based on magnetic bead separation and enzyme amplification are reported. MicroRNA-155 was selected as a model because of its involvement in breast and lung cancer. A novel platform was developed for label-free microRNA detection based on a sandwich assembly using streptavidin magnetic beads coupled with a biotinylated capture probe that hybridized only a portion of the microRNA, the remainder hybridized with biotinylated detection probe linked to streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase. After appropriate reaction with the substrate, the enzymatic product was evaluated with colorimetric and electrochemical detection. The electrochemical method showed high sensitivity, allowing microRNA detection at 29 pmol L−1, which correspond to 1.4 fmole in 50 μL with a linear range from 81 pmol L−1 to 1.2 nmol L−1. This simple and efficient biosensor may have application in clinical molecular diagnostics and biomedical research.
Selectividad de red de encierro para Lisa (Mugil Incilis), Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta

La Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta es uno de los ecosistemas estuarinos de mayor importancia ambiental, social y economica del Caribe colombiano. Sin embargo, sus pesquerias causan un fuerte impacto sobre las poblaciones icticas que alli habitan. Objetivo. Se realizo un muestreo experimental de las capturas de lisa (Mugil incilis) con red de encierro “boliche”, a fin de estimar los parametros de seleccion. Materiales y metodos. Se compararon y evaluaron las capturas realizada con panos de red de 2, 2½ y 3 pulgadas Los parametros de selectividad fueron estimados a partir del metodo SELECT. Las curvas de selectividad se ajustaron utilizando el software estadistico R; mientras que los analisis comparativos de la captura por unidad de esfuerzo fueron realizados mediante la prueba de Kruskal Wallis. Resultados. Las redes de encierro menores a 2½ pulgadas tienen un efecto directo sobre la estructura de tamanos de lisa y consecuentemente sobre la sostenibilidad de esta pesqueria.Las redes de encierro deben considerar la aplicacion de medidas de manejo que prohiba el uso de redes con tamano de malla inferiores a 2½ pulgadas. En terminos de captura no hay diferencia estadistica (P>0,05) entre 2 y 2½ pulgadas, lo que no genera un perjuicio economico para el pescador. Conclusion. El uso de redes de enmalle de encierro de 2 pulgadas o inferiores deben ser revisadas y su uso consensuado con los pescadores de la region.
Iterative Learning Control (ILC)-Based Economic Optimization for Batch Processes Using Helpful Disturbance Information

The control strategies for batch processes in the past are usually categorized into two levels. The higher level is economic optimization running at a low frequency and the lower one tracks the reference given at the higher level using MPC or PID. The lower level regards all of the disturbances as something to reject using a quadratics-based optimization objective. However, not all of the disturbances are unfavorable to batch processes; some of them would be helpful. In this paper, an economic optimization for batch processes is directly applied at the lower level. It replaces the conventional tracking strategy. With the collection of the information on disturbances in the previous batches, the iterative learning control strategy (ILC) can determine better operation profiles. ILC has the advantage of continuously improving the economic performance of the current batch with enriched information on disturbances from batch to batch. The convergence of the proposed ILC-based economic optimization is proved. T.