Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adversarially Robust Multi-Armed Bandit Algorithm with Variance-Dependent Regret Bounds

This paper considers the multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem and provides a new best-of-both-worlds (BOBW) algorithm that works nearly optimally in both stochastic and adversarial settings. In stochastic settings, some existing BOBW algorithms achieve tight gap-dependent regret bounds of $O(\sum_{i: \Delta_i>0} \frac{\log T}{\Delta_i})$ for suboptimality gap $\Delta_i$ of arm $i$ and time horizon $T$. As Audibert et al. [2007] have shown, however, that the performance can be improved in stochastic environments with low-variance arms. In fact, they have provided a stochastic MAB algorithm with gap-variance-dependent regret bounds of $O(\sum_{i: \Delta_i>0} (\frac{\sigma_i^2}{\Delta_i} + 1) \log T )$ for loss variance $\sigma_i^2$ of arm $i$. In this paper, we propose the first BOBW algorithm with gap-variance-dependent bounds, showing that the variance information can be used even in the possibly adversarial environment. Further, the leading constant factor in our gap-variance dependent bound is only (almost) twice the value for the lower bound. Additionally, the proposed algorithm enjoys multiple data-dependent regret bounds in adversarial settings and works well in stochastic settings with adversarial corruptions. The proposed algorithm is based on the follow-the-regularized-leader method and employs adaptive learning rates that depend on the empirical prediction error of the loss, which leads to gap-variance-dependent regret bounds reflecting the variance of the arms.
Improved Parallel Algorithm for Minimum Cost Submodular Cover Problem

In the minimum cost submodular cover problem (MinSMC), we are given a monotone nondecreasing submodular function $f\colon 2^V \rightarrow \mathbb{Z}^+$, a linear cost function $c: V\rightarrow \mathbb R^{+}$, and an integer $k\leq f(V)$, the goal is to find a subset $A\subseteq V$ with the minimum cost such that $f(A)\geq k$. The MinSMC can be found at the heart of many machine learning and data mining applications. In this paper, we design a parallel algorithm for the MinSMC that takes at most $O(\frac{\log km\log k(\log m+\log\log mk)}{\varepsilon^4})$ adaptive rounds, and it achieves an approximation ratio of $\frac{H(\min\{\Delta,k\})}{1-5\varepsilon}$ with probability at least $1-3\varepsilon$, where $\Delta=\max_{v\in V}f(v)$, $H(\cdot)$ is the Harmonic number, $m=|V|$, and $\varepsilon$ is a constant in $(0,\frac{1}{5})$.
Inflation Expectations and How it Explains the Inflationary Impact of Oil Price Shocks: Evidence from the Michigan Survey CAMA Working Paper 45/2014 June 2014

Analysis of the Michigan Survey data confirms U.S. inflation expectations are not perfectly anchored in the event of an oil price shock. Two key results emerge through counterfactual analysis. First, better anchoring of inflation expectations can ameliorate the mild inflation impact which occurs 10 to 12 months after an oil price shock. Second, an initial large burst of inflation from an oil price shock always occurs regardless whether inflation expectations are anchored or not. Therefore, while better anchoring of inflation expectations can lead to better inflation outcomes, these gains can be limited. T H E A U S T R A L I A N N A T I O N A L U N I V E R S I T Y
University of Birmingham Obstetric anal sphincter injuries after episiotomy: systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction There is conflicting evidence on whether mediolateral episiotomy (MLE) reduces the risk of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASI) in spontaneous vaginal deliveries (SVD). Objectives A systematic review was undertaken to compare rates of OASI amongst women who had undergone mediolateral episiotomy versus those who did not. Methods Search strategy Electronic searches were performed in literature databases: CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, Medline and MIDIRS from database inception to July 2015. Studies were eligible if MLE was compared to spontaneous tears and if OASI was the outcome of interest. Two reviewers independently selected and extracted data on study characteristics, quality and results. We computed events of OASI in those who did and did not have an episiotomy from individual studies and pooled these results in a meta-analysis where possible. Main results Of the 2090 citations, 16 were included in the review. All were non-randomised, population based or retrospective cohort studies. There was great variation in quality amongst these studies. Data from 7 studies was used for metaanalysis. On collating data from these studies where the majority of women (636755/651114) were nulliparous, MLE reduced the risk of OASI (RR 0.67 95 % CI 0.49-0.92) in vaginal delivery. Conclusion The pooled analysis of a large number of women undergoing vaginal birth, most of who were nulliparous, indicates that MLE has a beneficial effect in prevention of OASI. An accurately givenMLEmight have a role in reducing OASI and should not be withheld, especially in nulliparous women. Caution is advised as the data is from non-randomised studies.
CEG_A_228352 99..104

Elisa Marabotto 1 Sebastiano Ziola 1 Vincenzo Savarino 1 Edoardo Giovanni Giannini 1 Manuele Furnari 1 Giorgia Bodini Fabiana Zingone Matteo Ghisa 2 Brigida Barberio 2 Patrizia Zentilin 1 Edoardo Savarino 2 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; 2Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy Abstract: Potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs), such as vonoprazan, represent a novel and heterogeneous class of drugs that competitively block the potassium binding site of gastric H/K ATPase, thus potentially overcoming the limitations of proton-pump inhibitors. Different studies evaluated the efficacy of vonoprazan versus proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) for the treatment of acid-related disorders, and, therefore, P-CABs present the same indications of PPIs: gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastric and duodenal ulcer healing, management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-associated ulcers and Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. The aim of this review was to evaluate the role of vonoprazan for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and the management of gastric ulcer occurring after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Indeed, vonoprazan (at the dose of both 10 and 20mg) showed similar results to PPIs in patients taking long-term NSAIDs, in the absence of severe adverse effects, and provided a more rapid and effective treatment of ulcers induced by ESD. However, studies in medical literature are heterogeneous, mainly performed with a retrospective design, and often carried out in Japan only. For these reasons, further prospective, randomized studies are warranted in order to help physicians, patients, and policymakers regarding the use of vonoprazan in clinical practice.
calculations of the elastic properties of ferropericlase MgFeO (x 0.25)

Ferropericlase Mg1−xFexO is believed to be the second most abundant mineral in the Earth’s mantle. Therefore, the electronic and elastic properties of ferropericlase are important for the understanding of the Earth’s interior. Ab initio total energy calculations have been performed for Fe concentrations x ≤ 0.25. The equation of state (EOS) clearly shows a volume expansion as a function of Fe concentration, consistent with experimental data. Magnetic moment calculations as a function of Preprint submitted to Elsevier Science 6 June 2007 * Manuscript
University of Southern Denmark Alpha adrenergic receptor blockade increases capillarization and fractional O 2 extraction and lowers blood flow in contracting human skeletal muscle

Chronic -adrenergic receptor blockade is known to increase capillarization through elevated shear stress in rodents, but its effect on angiogenesis in humans is unknown. Moreover, a higher capillary density is thought to be an important mechanism underlying the increase in skeletal muscle oxygen extraction following training, but this physiological effect has never been directly demonstrated. Purpose: To investigate the effect of increased basal shear stress on angiogenesis, and the role of enhanced skeletal muscle capillarisation on blood flow and oxygen extraction. Methods: Limb haemodynamics and oxygen extraction were measured at rest and during one-leg knee-extensor exercise (12 and 24W) in 10 healthy untrained young men before and after 4 weeks treatment with an g1 receptor-antagonist (Terazosin, 1-2 mg day). Biopsies were taken from the m. vastus lateralis. Results: Resting leg blood flow was > 6 hours following Terazosin treatment (P<0.05). Basal capillary-to-fibre ratio was 1.68±0.07 and increased to 1.89±0.08 after treatment (P<0.05). Leg oxygen extraction during knee-extensor exercise was higher (4-5% ; P<0.05), leg blood flow and venous lactate levels lower (6-7% ; P<0.05) and leg VO2 similar after Terazosin treatment. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that daily treatment with an drenergic receptor blocker and a consequent increase in resting blood flow induces capillary growth in human skeletal muscle, likely due to increased shear stress. The increase in capillarisation led to enhanced O 2 extraction in the exercising leg, concomitant with a lower blood flow and venous lactate levels.
OTT_A_207593 4813..4824

Xiaoting Han Xiaolong Guo Wenzhen Zhang Qiumei Cong 1Department of Breast Surgery, Weihai Central Hospital, Shandong 264400, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Breast Surgery, Zibo Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shandong 255020, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Breast Surgery, Rizhao Central Hospital, Shandong 276801, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Oncology, Weihai Central Hospital, Shandong 264400, People’s Republic of China Purpose: Numerous microRNAs (miRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in breast cancer, and the dysregulation of miRNAs may affect the aggressiveness of this cancer. Aberrant expression of miRNA-937 (miR-937) in gastric and lung cancers has been reported, which plays tumor-suppressive or oncogenic roles in carcinogenesis including cancer progression. Our purpose was to investigate the involvement of miR-937 in breast cancer progression. Patients and methods: The expression profile of miR-937 in breast cancer was assessed by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR. Biological effects of miR-937 upregulation on the malignant characteristics of breast cancer cells were determined in a series of functional experiments. The direct target of miR-937 in breast cancer cells was also identified. Results: Herein, the expression levels of miR-937 were notably lower in breast cancer, and its underexpression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage. Patients with breast cancer underexpressing miR-937 showed shorter overall survival than did patients with breast cancer overexpressing miR-937. Proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of breast cancer cells were evidently suppressed by miR-937 upregulation. In addition, ectopic miR-937 expression hindered breast cancer tumor growth in vivo. Forkhead box Q1 (FOXQ1) mRNA was found to be a direct target of miR-937 in breast cancer. FOXQ1 turned out to be overexpressed in breast cancer tissues, and its overexpression negatively correlated with miR-937 expression. Moreover, silencing of FOXQ1 recapitulated the tumor-suppressive effects of miR-937 overexpression on breast cancer cells. Notably, FOXQ1 restoration abrogated the miR-937-mediated suppression of proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of breast cancer cells. Conclusion: These results collectively revealed that miR-937 acts as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer and restrains cancer progression by directly targeting FOXQ1 mRNA. These data suggest that targeting of the novel miR-937–FOXQ1 axis is an attractive therapeutic method against breast cancer.
Social media-led co-creation of knowledge in developing societies : small and medium enterprise ’ s roles in the adoption , use and appropriation of smartphones in South Asia

Social media supports the creative economy through its involvement in the adoption and appropriation of new innovation and accelerates economic growth. The current paper expands on this notion by identifying and analysing the interaction between social media-based communities and small and medium enterprises (SMEs), as it examines how social media contributes to the knowledge co-creation and supports the adoption, use and appropriation of smartphones in South Asian countries, which are inhabited by approximately 1.6 billion people. The findings obtained through virtual ethnography (VE) provide insights into the dynamics and kinetics of knowledge co-creation and how that benefits large multinationals, small local businesses and consumers in developing societies. As such, we advance the knowledge management scholarship by presenting a holistic model of cocreation of knowledge involving multiple stakeholders.
Diabetogenic Activation State Controlled by a The Identification of a Novel T Cell

The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 kip regulates the cell cycle at the G 1 -S phase restriction point. S phase entry and cell cycle commitment in peripheral T cells requires p27 kip degradation, normally initiated by the receipt of costimulatory signals such as those provided by B7.1 or IL-2. We have previously reported that T cells from BioBreeding (BB)-diabetes-prone (DP) rats exhibit decreased costimulatory requirements for activation and cell cycle entry. In the present study, we ﬁnd that peripheral T cell subsets from BB-DP rats demonstrate activation-like characteristics, including signiﬁcantly reduced levels of p27 kip as well as increased levels of proliferating cell nuclear Ag (PCNA). Since our previous studies have established that expression of extracel-lular activation markers are relatively low in unmanipulated peripheral BB-DP T cells; this p27 low PCNA high phenotype represents a novel activation state. Analyses of T cell subsets from congenic rats demonstrate that this phenotype segregates with the lyp diabetogenic locus and that the p27 low PCNA high phenotype is T cell speciﬁc. This p27 low PCNA high phenotype is not seen in medullary thymocytes, but appears abruptly in the recent thymic emigrant population, suggesting that the lyp locus does not act directly on cell cycle regulators but rather alters the interaction between T cells and the peripheral environment. These results provide a biochemical basis for costimulation-independent activation and suggest a mechanism whereby a diabetes susceptibility gene contributes to disease development. The Journal of Immunology, 2001, 166: 241–248.
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF SPOTTED TURTLE (CLEMMYS GUTTATA) POPULATIONS IN A FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPE

Author: Scoville, Tyler, J. MS Institution: Purdue University Degree Received: August 2019 Title: Genetic Diversity of Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guttata) Populations in a Fragmented Landscape. Committee Chair: Mark Jordan Turtle species are facing losses to genetic variation caused by habitat fragmentation and large-scale landscape changes caused by humans. These losses to genetic variation disproportionally effect species that have become rare due to human interaction. Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guttata) is one such species that has become rare across a large portion of its natural geographic range including the Midwest. I examined genetic variation in spotted turtles in Indiana and Ohio to delineate populations and assess levels of genetic variation within populations. Eight microsatellite loci were used to genotype 94 individuals, which originated from four sites in Indiana and two sites in Ohio. Bayesian and ordination based cluster analyses identified three genetic clusters within the sample. Individuals from one Ohio locality were largely clustered alone and had a significant degree of differentiation from all of the Indiana sites. A majority of the Indiana sites had individuals that were clustered into both of the two remaining clusters with the exception of IN-1 which only had individuals grouped into the first inferred cluster. The two sites geographically closest to one another IN-2 and IN-4, both had individuals grouped into the first and third inferred clusters. Differentiation statistics disagreed on the level of structure between these two populations. Two of the six sites had detectable bottlenecks, even though levels of genetic allelic diversity and heterozygosity were relatively high and comparable to populations investigated in other studies. Overall, population structure was identified among localities in Indiana and Ohio that may warrant independent management. Populations where the bottlenecks were detected may be of special concern in the future as they continue to be subjected to isolation.
Scalp Haematoma – An Unusual Clinical Presentation of a Desmoplastic Neurotropic Melanoma

Initial assessment of patients with unwitnessed head injuries is heavily reliant on an accurate patient history of preceding trauma. Initial management often follows blindly strict hospital protocols. This is illustrated by the case of a 90 year old, demented man who developed a haematoma-like lesion on the scalp to the site of an unwitnessed head trauma. The haematoma was confirmed by a CT but instead of slow reabsorption of the bleed, an ulcerated, nodular lesion developed rapidly. On representation 6 months later, a skin biopsy diagnosed a desmoplastic neurotropic melanoma which was at that stage already metastasised. Thinking outside the box when assessing patients with soft tissue masses at sites of presumed unwitnessed head trauma is vital and awareness of the limitations of diagnostic tools is essential for every clinician who potentially faces this situation, also dermatologists. Planned follow-ups reserved for this small patient cohort only could be life-saving.
(2010) Towards the design of heuristics by means of self-assembly. In: Developments in Computational Models (DCM 2010), 9-10 July 2010, Edinburgh, UK.

The current investigations on hyper-heuristics design have sprung up in two different ﬂavours: heuristics that choose heuristics and heuristics that generate heuristics. In the latter, the goal is to develop a problem-domain independent strategy to automatically generate a good performing heuristic for the problem at hand. This can be done, for example, by automatically selecting and combining different low-level heuristics into a problem speciﬁc and effective strategy. Hyper-heuristics raise the level of generality on automated problem solving by attempting to select and/or generate tailored heuristics for the problem at hand. Some approaches like genetic programming have been proposed for this. In this paper, we explore an elegant nature-inspired alternative based on self-assembly construction processes, in which structures emerge out of local interactions between autonomous components. This idea arises from previous works in which computational models of self-assembly were subject to evolutionary design in order to perform the automatic construction of user-deﬁned structures. Then, the aim of this paper is to present a novel methodology for the automated design of heuristics by means of self-assembly.
Gq-mediated Ca signals inhibit adenylyl cyclases 5/6 in vascular smooth muscle cells

von Hayn K, Werthmann RC, Nikolaev VO, Hommers LG, Lohse MJ, Bünemann M. Gq-mediated Ca signals inhibit adenylyl cyclases 5/6 in vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 298: C324–C332, 2010. First published November 4, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00197. 2009. —cAMP and Ca are antagonistic intracellular messengers for the regulation of vascular smooth muscle tone; rising levels of Ca lead to vasoconstriction, whereas an increase of cAMP induces vasodilatation. Here we investigated whether Ca interferes with cAMP signaling by regulation of phophodiesterases (PDEs) or adenylyl cyclases (ACs). We studied regulation of cAMP concentrations by Ca signals evoked by endogenous purinergic receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based cAMP sensor Epac1-camps allowed the measurement of cAMP levels in single-living VSMCs with subsecond temporal resolution. Moreover, in vitro calibration of Epac1-camps enabled us to estimate the absolute cytosolic cAMP concentrations. Stimulation of purinergic receptors decreased cAMP levels in the presence of the -adrenergic agonist isoproterenol. Simultaneous imaging of cAMP with Epac1camps and of Ca with Fura 2 revealed a rise of intracellular Ca in response to purinergic stimulation followed by a decline of cAMP. Chelation of intracellular Ca and overexpression of Ca -independent AC4 antagonized this decline of cAMP, whereas pharmacological inhibition of Ca -activated PDE1 had no effect. AC assays with VSMC membranes revealed a significant attenuation of isoproterenolstimulated cAMP production by the presence of 2 M Ca . Furthermore, small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of AC5 and AC6 (the two ACs known to be inhibited by Ca ), significantly reduced the decrease of cAMP upon purinergic stimulation of isoproterenolprestimulated VSMCs. Taken together, these results implicate a Ca -mediated inhibition of AC5 and 6 as an important mechanism of purinergic receptor-induced decline of cAMP and show a direct cross talk of these signaling pathways in VSMCs.
Preferences for Hearing Aid Attributes Among People with Moderate or Greater Hearing Loss in Rural China: A Discrete Choice Experiment Patient Preference and Adherence

Purpose: Hearing loss has not received suf ﬁ cient attention, especially in low- and middle-income countries where more than 80% of the people with hearing loss reside. Little is known about the preference for hearing aids among people with hearing loss in developing countries. The aim of this study is to elicit the preferences for hearing aid attributes among rural Chinese adults with moderate or greater hearing loss and examine how preferences vary across different individual socioeconomic characteristics. Patients and Methods: We interviewed 125 adults in two rural counties in Shandong province in China. A discrete choice experiment (DCE) with eight attributes, comprising out-of-pocket (OOP) costs, hearing aid style, effective in quiet settings and noisy settings, feedback (whistling), connectivity, water/sweat resistance and battery life, were employed to examine participants ’ preference for hearing aids. Mixed logit models were used for the statistical analyses. Results: While OOP costs, effectiveness in quiet settings, water/sweat resistance and battery life were signi ﬁ cantly associated with choosing a hearing aid, rural Chinese adults with moderate or greater hearing loss valued effectiveness in noisy settings above other attributes of hearing aids, followed closely by lack of feedback. The preference of the attributes of OOP costs, in the canal hearing aids, effectiveness in noisy settings, connectivity and battery life varied across individual socioeconomic characteristics including sex, marriage, employment, income and education level. Conclusion: Our study supported the view that the development of noise suppression and feedback cancellation systems remained the main challenge for the hearing aid industry. Since OOP costs were also associated with choosing a hearing aid, the policy advice is to improve reimbursements from insurance schemes and/or reduce the costs of hearing aids.