Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wind-Driven Ageostrophic Transport in the North Equatorial Countercurrent of the Eastern Paciﬁc at 95 8 W

Observations of horizontal velocity from two shipboard acoustic Doppler current proﬁlers (ADCPs), as well as wind, temperature, and salinityobservations from a cruise during June–July2001, are used to compute a simpliﬁed mean meridional momentum balance of the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) at 95 8 W. The terms that are retained in the momentum balance and derived using the measurements are the Coriolis and pressure gradient forces, and the vertical divergence of the turbulent stress. All terms were vertically integrated over the surface turbulent layer. The K -proﬁle parameterization (KPP) prescribed Richardson number(Ri)isusedto determinethedepthoftheturbulentboundarylayer h at whichtheturbulentstressand its gradient vanish. At the time of the cruise, surface drifters and altimeter data show the ﬂow structure of the NECC was complicated by the presence of tropical instability waves to the south and a strong Costa Rica Dome to the north. Nonetheless, a consistent, simpliﬁed momentum balance for the surface layer was achievedfromthetimemeanof19daysofrepeattransectsalong95 8 Wwitha0.5 8 latituderesolution.Thebest agreement between the ageostrophic transport determined from the near-surface cruise measurements and the wind-derived Ekman transport was obtained for an Ri of 0.23 6 0.05. The corresponding h ranges from ; 55 m at 4 8 N to ; 30 m within the NECC core (4.5 8 –6 8 N) and shoaling to just 15 m at 7 8 N. In general, the mean ageostrophic and Ekman transports decreased from south to north along the 95 8 W transect, although within the core of the NECC both transports were relatively strong and steady. This study underscores the importance of the southerly wind-driven eastward Ekman transport in the turbulent boundary layer before the NECC becomes fully developed later in the year through indirect forcing from the wind stress curl.
Association Mapping of Seedling and Adult Plant Resistance for Stripe Rust Resistance in Spring Bread Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)

Stripe (yellow) rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the major diseases of wheat in the world. Development and use of resistant wheat cultivars is the most economical and environmentally friendly solution in combating wheat stripe rust. Field experiments were carried out at two sites in Ethiopia (Kulumsa and Meraro) and seedling tests were conducted at KARC green house during the 2015 cropping season to evaluate the response of 198 elite spring bread wheat genotypes and two checks to the prevailing races of stripe rust at adult plant and seedling stages. The genetic profile of the 198 genotypes was assessed using 13006 SNP markers and an Association mapping was explored to determine marker-trait association. About 72.5% and 42.5% of the lines exhibited resistance to stripe rust during the field screening at Kulumsa and Meraro, respectively. Only 8,966 of the SNPs were polymorphic and hence used for association mapping analysis. Almost half of these markers were on known chromosomes but had no position on the consensus map of bread wheat. Analysis of population structure revealed the existence of three clusters. Fifty-three SNPs and 21 SNP markers in ten genomic regions were significantly associated with yellow rust resistance at adult plant st and seedling stages, respectively. The locus on chromosome 1 AL appeared to be a novel quantitative trait locus (QTL) not reported so far. The locus on chromosome 1 AL appeared to be a novel quantitative trait locus (QTL) not reported so far there are different markers that are associated to resistance like, BS00022733_51, wsnp_Ex_rep_c69738_68695568, wsnp_Ex_rep_c108951_9195419, CAP12_c1906_217 and TA003955-1138.
Improvement of Statistical Typhoon Rainfall Forecasting with ANN-Based Southwest Monsoon Enhancement

Typhoon Morakot 2009, with significant southwest monsoon flow, produced a record-breaking rainfall of 2361 mm in 48 hours. This study hopes to improve a statistical typhoon rainfall forecasting method used over the mountain region of Taiwan via an artificial neural network based southwest monsoon enhancement (ANNSME) model. Rainfall data collected at two mountain weather stations, ALiShan and YuShan, are analyzed to establish the relation to the southwest monsoon moisture flux which is calculated at a designated sea area southwest of Taiwan. The results show that the moisture flux, withsouthwest monsoon flow, transported water vapor during the landfall periods of Typhoons Mindulle, Bilis, Fungwong, Kalmaegi, Haitaing and Morakot. Based on the moisture flux, a linear regression is used to identify an effective value of moisture flux as the threshold flux which can enhance mountain rainfall in southwestern Taiwan. In particular, a feedforward neural network (FNN) is applied to estimate the residuals from the linear model to the differences between simulated rainfalls by a typhoon rainfall climatology model (TRCM) and observations. Consequently, the ANNSME model integrates the effective moisture flux, linear rainfall model and the FNN for residuals. Even with very limited training cases, our results indicate that the ANNSME model is robust and suitable for improvement of TRCM rainfall prediction. The improved prediction of the total rainfall and of the multiple rainfall peaks is important for emergency operation.
PRICING AND HEDGING OF DERIVATIVES BASED ON NONTRADABLE UNDERLYINGS

This paper is concerned with the study of insurance related derivatives on financial markets that are based on nontradable underlyings, but are correlated with tradable assets. We calculate exponential utility‐based indifference prices, and corresponding derivative hedges. We use the fact that they can be represented in terms of solutions of forward‐backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDE) with quadratic growth generators. We derive the Markov property of such FBSDE and generalize results on the differentiability relative to the initial value of their forward components. In this case the optimal hedge can be represented by the price gradient multiplied with the correlation coefficient. This way we obtain a generalization of the classical “delta hedge” in complete markets.
Comprehensive Texture and Porosity Quantification from Electrical Borehole Images

SUMMARY The porosity system is very complex in carbonates. It is well known that the pore space connected to fractures, solution enhanced bedding planes, and vugs (vug to vug) greatly enhance the fluid flow, compared with the pore space in isolated vugs. We propose a new workflow which combines existing methods to quantitatively characterize these different pore spaces from electrical borehole images. The workflow starts with an image calibration and a gap-filling for wireline images. After extracting the formation matrix, conductive and resistive heterogeneities are automatically delineated on the image using thresholds on contrast (against matrix) and value. By superimposing fracture traces, bed boundaries, and heterogeneity-connecting crest lines on the heterogeneity image, it is possible to automatically classify the full range of the heterogeneities. The geometry and the electrical properties of each of the heterogeneous features and the intensity of their connectedness are characterized. A porosity map is subsequently computed using an established method and the map is associated with the heterogeneities. In this way, the porosity of each heterogeneity type can be evaluated. Case studies have demonstrated that the workflow can provide quantitative measures of important reservoir parameters from electrical borehole images to better evaluate the fluid flow.
The Volatility of Realized Volatility

In recent years, with the availability of high-frequency financial market data modeling realized volatility has become a new and innovative research direction. The construction of “observable” or realized volatility series from intra-day transaction data and the use of standard time-series techniques has lead to promising strategies for modeling and predicting (daily) volatility. In this article, we show that the residuals of commonly used time-series models for realized volatility and logarithmic realized variance exhibit non-Gaussianity and volatility clustering. We propose extensions to explicitly account for these properties and assess their relevance for modeling and forecasting realized volatility. In an empirical application for S&P 500 index futures we show that allowing for time-varying volatility of realized volatility and logarithmic realized variance substantially improves the fit as well as predictive performance. Furthermore, the distributional assumption for residuals plays a crucial role in density forecasting.
Long-term population declines in Danish trans-Saharan migrant birds

Capsule Long-distance migrant birds show less favourable trends than sedentary/short-distance species. Aims To use breeding bird surveys to contrast population trends amongst common species according to their migration pattern. Methods Changes in abundance of 62 Danish breeding sedentary, short-distance (Europe/North Africa) or long-distance (trans-Saharan) migrants were described by fitting log linear regression models to point-count census data gathered during 1976–2005. Results Trans-Saharan migrants declined by 1.3% per annum during this period, while short-distance migrants and sedentary species increased by 1.4% and 1.0% per annum, respectively. There were no significant decadal declines amongst species using different summer breeding habitats, except for wetlands, and there was no consistent variation in trends associated with wintering regions or habitats or diet. Conclusions More information is urgently needed on diet, feeding ecology, habitat requirements, winter distribution and intra-African movements of the commoner European summer visitors to identify causes of the declines and highlight when in the annual cycle detrimental effects occur. Studies linking individuals on their breeding, staging and wintering grounds are especially needed. Danish trends resemble those from elsewhere in Europe, confirming that restoration to favourable conservation status requires inter-continental action to meet European and global targets to reduce or halt biodiversity loss.
Assessing effects of diel period, gear selectivity and predation on patterns of microhabitat use by fish in a mangrove dominated system in SE Australia

The relative value of temperate mangroves to fish, and the processes driving patterns of microhabitat use within this habitat, are unknown. There are 3 quickly identifiable microhabitats within temperate Australian mangroves: (1) forest (the area of mangroves with trees); (2) pneu- matophores (the area directly seaward of the forest without trees but with pneumatophores (aerial roots)); and (3) channel (the area directly seaward of the pneumatophores without gross structural attributes such as trees or pneumatophores). Duplicate fyke and gill nets were both initially used to sample fish in the 3 microhabitats described above. Sampling took place across the seaward edge of mangroves on 10 sampling occasions (5 night and 5 day), in a large estuarine system in SE Australia. Fish assemblages (693 fish from 20 species and 15 families) varied significantly (p < 0.05) between the forest and the channel, and between diel periods for each gear (net type), but there was little differ- ence in the assemblage structure of fish between forest-pneumatophore or pneumatophore-channel microhabitats. Juvenile lifestages (61% of all fish) and commercially important taxa (76%) were com- mon. Abundance, biomass and species richness of fish were generally lower in the forest than the other microhabitats, but this pattern varied significantly (p < 0.05) between diel periods, among sam- pling occasions, and with water depth. Highly quantitative pop nets provided a preliminary assess- ment of whether differential gear selectivity caused patterns between microhabitats, but less rich fish assemblages were again recorded in forests than in pneumatophores. The importance of predation in structuring fish assemblages across microhabitats was assessed by measuring survival of juvenile fish tethered in 3 predation treatments (predator exclusion, cage control, and uncaged). Survival rates were high across the predator treatments and did not vary among microhabitats. The variation in fish assemblages across microhabitats within mangroves was not consistent with a model of mangrove structure providing a refuge for juvenile fish from predation, but instead could indicate differences in efficiency of gear types among microhabitats and/or other 'edge effect'-driven processes such as the provision of food and/or shelter.
A Novel method for Target Detection

Multilabel image annotation is one of the most important open problems in computer vision field. Unlike existing works that usually use conventional visual features to annotate images, features based on deep learning have shown potential to achieve outstanding performance. In this work, we propose a multimodal deep learning framework, which aims to optimally integrate multiple deep neural networks pretrained with convolutional neural networks. In particular, the proposed framework explores a unified two-stage learning scheme that consists of (i) learning to fune-tune the parameters of deep neural network with respect to each individual modality, and (ii) learning to find the optimal combination of diverse modalities simultaneously in a coherent process. Experiments conducted on the NUS-WIDE dataset evaluate the performance of the proposed framework for multilabel image annotation, in which the encouraging results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Effects of breed, spermatozoa concentration, and storage on progressive motility of extended boar semen.

The classic technology of artificial insemination (AI) often requires insemination doses to be kept for more than 24 hours, with a requirement that the degree of progressive motility at the moment of insemination not be below 65%. The aim of this paper was to determine the influence of breed, spermatozoa concentration, and storage time on the fertilization capacity of extended semen from native ejaculates of boars. The research included the following boar breeds: Duroc (n=34), Hampshire (n=30), Large White (n=42) and Swedish Landrace (n=32), from large pig farms in Vojvodina (Republic of Serbia). Two ejaculates were collected from each boar once monthly for 12 months (a total of 24 ejaculates per boar). There was statistically significant (p<0.01) influence of breed on the number of spermatozoa samples that maintained ≥ 65% progressive motility during 48 hours of storage in 1:4 dilution. There was also an influence of spermatozoa concentration on progressive motility. As spermatozoa concentration increased during storage, ≥ 65% progressive motility declined (P≤0.01) within 24 hours. The results show that it is necessary to determine the adequate dilution rate and storage time for each ejaculate, while taking into account spermatozoa concentration in the native semen. JMBFS / Stančić et al. 2011/12 : 1 (3) 287-295 288
Exploring Gender Wage Gap in Urban Labor Market of Bangladesh

Using the Labor Force Survey 2010 dataset this paper examines gender wage gap in a large sample of urban workers in Bangladesh and explore whether gender wage gap varies across the wage distribution. Mincerian OLS regression and its Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition results reveal that the estimated wage gap between men and women workers is 21.2%. Adjusting women’s endowments levels to those of men increases women’s wage by 12.1% and a gap of 8.0% remains unexplained. The decomposition results based on the unconditional quantile regressions demonstrate that the estimated total gender wage gap is higher at lower end of the wage distribution compared to the higher end.
A Simple and Efficient Method to Extract Keyposes from Mocap Data

Researchers have been constantly developing new methods for generating realistic human motion. A common and popular approach is to use motion capture data or mocap data. However, this approach produces a mountain of data and there is an increasing necessity for quick and efficient mocap data search methods. For text documents, search results are usually returned in the form of a list of documents' titles. This allows users to quickly browse the search results and easily find the documents that they are looking for. Applying this method to mocap data requires the extraction of keyposes since displaying every frame will only present excessive and unnecessary information. The authors of this paper propose a simple and efficient method to automatically extract keyposes of mocap data. The proposed method requires only O(kn) operations. Thus, users can vary the search parameters and results will be presented interactively. Our results show that the proposed approach is applicable to mocap data of complex motions and motions composing of many motion segments.
COLONY DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF THE STINGLESS BEE SCAPTOTRIGONA AFF. POSTICA (APIDAE, MELIPONINI) IN DIFFERENT HIVE MODELS

Meliponiculture, i.e. indigenous beekeeping, is an old activity in the Americas and is widely distributed throughout Brazil. However, since stingless bee keeping is still not entirely standardized, studies are necessary to achieve a better practice. For example, the types of hives used in breeding must be designed to ease the colony management and be suitable for each species, once size, behavior, and nest architecture vary among the meliponines. This study aimed to propose and test a vertical hive for breeding S captotrigona aff. postica and evaluated characteristics such as colony development and management, comparing it with a horizontal, traditional, hive. Ten colonies of Scaptotrigona sp. were used, five transferred to each hive type tested. During six months, monthly observations of nest components, hive occupation and hive management were made. The brood disk area, contrasting with the other parameters, were about twice larger in the vertical hive. No significant difference in hive occupation was found among the tested models. Management differences were found among the two hive models, where the vertical hive is highlighted having characteristics that eased colony inspection and division, causing minor damage to the nest structures. Thus, this vertical model hive has some advantages for keeping this S captotrigona species.
INSERTION OF LOCAL SUPPLIERS AS A SOURCE OF PERFORMANCE IN TRANSACTION COSTS AND LEGITIMACY

The hiring of goods and services is a critical activity for oil companies, so the availability of qualified suppliers is desirable. In Institutional Theory, the insertion of suppliers and relationship forms between them and the main agent may be analyzed from the perspective of the search for legitimacy by organizations in the organizational field. The Transaction Costs Economics, in turn, gives support to analyze opportunism and uncertainty in exchange relationships as factors that alter transaction costs. The study shows a case of insertion of local suppliers as an industrial concentration encouragement sponsored by the State, in which pragmatic and cognitive legitimacy strategies are used to gain legitimacy and to keep it. Although there are no clear gains associated with transaction costs, Petrobras did not demonstrate that reduction in transaction costs was a priority in this process. The accomplishment of its mission, which is legitimized in society, is placed as a priority, in a behavior that can be understood as the result of a political decision to adopt sub-optimal goals, which are better explained through an institutional perspective.
The first Mirandese text-to-speech system

This paper describes the creation of base NLP resources and tools for an underresourced minority language spoken in Portugal, Mirandese, in the context of the generation of a text-to-speech system, a collaborative citizenship project between Microsoft, ILTEC, and ALM ‐ Associacon de la Lhengua Mirandesa. Development efforts encompassed the compilation of a large textual corpus, definition of a complete phone-set, development of a tokenizer, inflector, TN and GTP modules, and creation of a large phonetic lexicon with syllable segmentation, stress mark-up, and POS. The TTS system will provide an open access web interface freely available to the community, along with the other resources. We took advantage of mature tools, resources, and processes already available for phylogenetically-close languages, allowing us to cut development time and resources to a great extent, a solution that can be viable for other lesser-spoken languages which enjoy a similar situation.
Male body size and parental relatedness but not nuptial colouration influence paternity success during scramble competition in Rana arvalis

Female mate choice promotes the development of male secondary sexual traits such as nuptial colouration, whereas scramble competition favours male traits which enhance their ability for access to females. In the explosively breeding moor frog (Rana arvalis), males express a conspicuous blue colouration during a short reproductive period characterised by scramble competition. In the present study we used controlled mating experiments and genetic markers to disentangle the effects of colouration, body size and pairwise genetic relatedness in determining paternity success. Males observed in amplexus with a female prior to spawning were larger than their competitors but did not differ from them in colouration. Polyandry occurred in 67% of the 18 analysed egg clutches, and amplecting males did not always achieve the highest siring success, most likely due to stray sperm. Successful mating pairs were characterised by higher genetic divergence between them than expected by chance. We confirm previous evidence that male nuptial colouration is not a trait selected by females, and provide evidence that male reproductive success is influenced by male size as well as genetic attributes.
THE EFFECTS OF SENSORY MODALITY AND TYPE OF TASK ON DISCRIMINATION OF DURATIONS RANGING FROM 400 TO 1,400 MILLISECONDS

In several studies, better acuity has been shown for temporal processing in the auditory compared to the visual sensory modality. More recently, experimental evidence has been provided for superior performance on duration discrimination with the reminder task than with the two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) task. The present study was designed to further elucidate the influence of sensory modality and type of psychophysical task on temporal discrimination of intervals ranging from 400 to 1,400 ms. As an indicator of relative temporal sensitivity, Weber fractions were computed. Lower Weber fractions, indicating better discrimination performance, were obtained with the reminder task compared to the 2AFC task irrespective of sensory modality. Better temporal sensitivity could be also revealed for auditory compared to visual stimuli. In addition, a significant interaction between sensory modality and base duration indicated that the modality-dependent difference in temporal sensitivity was most pronounced at the shortest (400-ms) base duration.