Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Establishment of Hevea brasiliensis lines overexpressing genes involved in ethylene signalling pathway

The gaseous plant hormone ethylene has a wide variety of applications in agriculture and horticulture. Ethylene Response Factors (ERF) are the last transcription factors of the ethylene signalling pathway and control a large number of ethylene-responsive genes. Two Hevea brasiliensis ERF, HbERF-IXc4 and HbERF-IXc5 , are orthologs to ERF1 a key regulator at the crosstalk of ethylene and jasmonate signalling pathways. These genes were suggested to play an important role in regulating latex cell metabolism in response to tapping and ethephon stimulation. In this study, transgenic lines overexpressing HbERF-IXc4 and HbERF-IXc5 under control of 35S CaMV and HEV2.1 promoter have been conducted. Transgenic Hevea lines were obtained by Agrobacterium tumefaciens -mediated genetic transformation. The somatic embryogenesis process was affected by these modifications. Agrobacterium tumefaciens genetic transformation procedure has been developed from friable callus line for clone PB260. Hevea callus was sub-cultured as small aggregates on paromomycin selection medium. Transgenic callus lines were established from sub-aggregates showing full GFP activity. Ten transgenic lines were confirmed as transgenic by Southern blot hybridization. This result showed successfully establishment of H. brasiliensis transgenic lines. Further plant regeneration and characterization were necessary to understand the function HbERF-IXc4 and HbERF-IXc5 in latex.
The distribution of dark and luminous matter inferred from extended rotation curves

A better understanding of the formation of mass structures in the Universe can be obtained by determining the amount and distribution of dark and luminous matter in spiral galaxies. To investigate such matters a sample of 12 galaxies, most with accurate distances, has been composed of which the luminosities are distributed regularly over a range spanning two and a half orders of magnitude. Of the observed high quality and extended rotation curves of these galaxies decompositions have been made, for four different schemes, each with two free parameters. For a `maximum disc fit' the rotation curves can be well matched, yet a large range of mass-to-light (M/L) ratios for the individual galaxies is required. For the alternative gravitational theory of MOND (Modified Newtonian Dynamics) the rotation curves can be explained if the fundamental parameter associated with MOND is allowed as a free parameter. Fixing that parameter leads to a disagreement between the predicted and observed rotation curves for a few galaxies. When cosmologically motivated NFW dark matter haloes are assumed, the rotation curves for the least massive galaxies can, by no means, be reproduced; cores are definitively preferred over cusps. Finally, decompositions have been made for a pseudo-isothermal halo combined with a universal M/L ratio. For the latter, the light of each galactic disc and bulge has been corrected for extinction and has been scaled by the effect of stellar population. This scheme can successfully explain the observed rotations and leads to submaximum disc mass contributions. Properties of the resulting dark matter haloes are described and a ratio between dark and baryonic mass of ˜9 for the least, and of ˜5, for the most luminous galaxies has been determined, at the outermost measured rotation.
Seed production in vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] under integrated nutrient management.

A study was taken up to evaluate the effect of different organic and inorganic nutrient sources, their combinations and schedules on seed production and quality of vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ). Plant height and dry matter production were highest in the treatment where poultry manure supplying N equivalent to 10 tonnes cow dung per hectare was applied in 2 splits (as basal and 1 month after sowing), along with inorganic fertilizers at 20:30:10 kg N, P and K per hectare. This treatment was at par with the similar treatment where poultry manure was applied entirely as basal. Seed yield and 100 seed weight were also highest in this treatment. Combination of organic and inorganic nutrient sources gave significantly better results than when either was used alone with regard to the growth of plants. Significant positive response to top dressing of poultry manure was observed even at half the recommended dose, although it is usually recommended to apply organic manures at the time of planting.
Value for Whom?

Designing, building and optimising projects as production systems producing value can be said to be the aim of construction management from an engineering perspective. However, the question is whose value are we optimising the system for? The lean philosophy tells we should deliver value to all the projects customers. However, here anyone that is impacted by the project is considered a customer, not just the paying client. Do all customers matter and is delivering value for all of them of equal importance? In this paper, we explore this matter by first looking into the literature on stakeholder management. Finding no suitable answers there we attack the question by considering the motivations for delivering value by a literature review and interviews with industry professionals. Finally, we discuss the implications that considering the perspective of multiple stakeholders brings to project management. The paper argues that the key to deciding whose value matter lies in understanding the motivation for why valueis delivered. However, to what degrees different factors motivates someone will be highly dependent on their philosophical outlook, thus making the matter of value for whom a philosophical question. THE CONCEPT OF VALUE
A New Method of Calculating Ocean Temperatures Using Expendable Bathythermographs

A newly developed method is proposed to simplify the measurement of ocean temperatures and heat content. That method, which makes use of expendable bathythermograph probes (XBTs), is able to account for variations in the probes such as weight, size, drop height, and wire length. Additionally, this new method accounts for variations in the conditions of the drop region, such as ocean temperature and salinity. The method requires the determination of the drag coefficient which corresponds to the probe’s travel through water. This coefficient is introduced into a dynamic equation in which the position of the probe is calculated at a sequence of time steps. The calculated depths are matched with corresponding local temperatures to enable a determination of ocean heat content. The method outlined here avoids the reliance upon experimental correlations which are traditionally used for ocean-temperature measurements. To validate the method, it was applied to two calibrated XBT experiments. It is shown that the new method provides results that are virtually identical with results obtained from industry-standard techniques, and it is possible that the method can be applied to historical archives.
A device for extracting 3D information of fertilizer trajectories

Centrifugal fertilizer spreaders are the most commonly used type in Europe. Their possible inaccuracy results in extra fertilizer being spread, which contributes strongly to environmental imbalance. This imbalance can only be corrected if the correct amount of fertilizer lands in the right place. Accuracy depends on understanding the spreading process from the vane to the soil. This knowledge enables the development of a feedback system that adjusts the spreader settings to the measured spread pattern. The spatial distribution of fertilizer granules on the soil can be predicted by a ballistic flight model based on the measurement of the velocities, directions, pellet size and angular distribution of the pellets. Several models have been proposed to meet this challenge. In an earlier study we proposed a standard camera and a strobe combined with a cross-correlation image-processing algorithm to determine the motion parameters of the pellets at ejection. This system is highly accurate for predicting spread patterns, but only for flat discs, as it only measures the 2D information of the ballistic flight of the pellets. Information on the third dimension will make this model more applicable in practice, as most centrifugal spreaders have concave discs. We developed a 3D image acquisition system based on stereoscopy to characterize the spreading process. Several tests were performed on simulated grain trajectories. Distances and vertical angles were measured with an error of less than 2%.
Experimental study of transient behaviour of grounding grids using scale models

This work aims at studying and investigating the transient behaviour of the grounding grids under impulse lightning currents using scale models in an electrolytic tank. Impulse current tests were performed on several types of grids. The injected current in the grounding grid and the developed potential were recorded, resulting in the determination of the variation of the grid transient impedance versus time. Finally, the variation of the parameters of the impulse impedance in relation to the injection point for various grids, depths and conductivities is investigated.
An Analysis of Cointegration: Investigation of the Cost-Price Squeeze in Agriculture

The differences in prices paid and prices received by farmers are examined using cointegration analysis. A Johansen cointegration test between prices paid and prices received revealed that the series were cointegrated. After accounting for technological change, we do not reject a long-run one-for-one correspondence between prices paid and prices received.
Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), anthracene in cabbage samples from Bangladesh

The carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), anthracene, in the methanolic crude extract of the leaves of cabbage samples collected from different districts of Bangladesh was analysed by GC-MS. It was observed that PAH deposition on the samples takes place in different morphological parts of the biological materials. The PAH, anthracene, was only found in the cabbage samples collected from the roadside by the extraction of methanolic solvents.
Structure and breakup history of the rifted margin of West Antarctica in relation to Cretaceous separation from Zealandia and Bellingshausen plate motion

Geophysical data acquired using R/V Polarstern constrain the structure and age of the rifted oceanic margin of West Antarctica. West of the Antipodes Fracture Zone, the 145 km wide continent–ocean transition zone (COTZ) of the Marie Byrd Land sector resembles a typical magma‐poor margin. New gravity and seismic reflection data indicates initial continental crust of thickness 24 km, that was stretched 90 km. Farther east, the Bellingshausen sector is broad and complex with abundant evidence for volcanism, the COTZ is ∼670 km wide, and the nature of crust within the COTZ is uncertain. Margin extension is estimated to be 106–304 km in this sector. Seafloor magnetic anomalies adjacent to Marie Byrd Land near the Pahemo Fracture Zone indicate full‐spreading rate during c33–c31 (80–68 Myr) of 60 mm yr−1, increasing to 74 mm yr−1 at c27 (62 Myr), and then dropping to 22 mm yr−1 by c22 (50 Myr). Spreading rates were lower to the west. Extrapolation towards the continental margin indicates initial oceanic crust formation at around c34y (84 Myr). Subsequent motion of the Bellingshausen plate relative to Antarctica (84–62 Myr) took place east of the Antipodes Fracture Zone at rates <40 mm yr−1, typically 5–20 mm yr−1. The high extension rate of 30–60 mm yr−1 during initial margin formation is consistent with steep and symmetrical margin morphology, but subsequent motion of the Bellingshausen plate was slow and complex, and modified rift morphology through migrating deformation and volcanic centers to create a broad and complex COTZ.
Data Compression and Vectorization of Matrix Multiplication on HXDSP

In order to solve the problem of low efficiency of hardware resources and low data processing ability of vector processors, this paper uses data compression and vectorization method to realize matrix multiplication based on the HXDSP platform with the DCT algorithm in HEVC. It can make full use of the hardware resources of DSP to achieve the optimal optimization. The experimental results show that this method can achieve 32GMACS which is the peak-point multiply-accumulate capability of HXDSP. It can achieve to 2Gpixel/s for the data processing capability, which meets the performance requirements of HEVC coding standard and provides a reference for hardware implementation of HEVC.
Sentence Recognition in the Presence of Competing Speech Messages Presented in Audiometric Booths with Reverberation Times of 0.4 and 0.6 Seconds

This study examined whether differences in reverberation time (RT) between typical sound field test rooms used in audiology clinics have an effect on speech recognition in multi-talker environments. Separate groups of participants listened to target speech sentences presented simultaneously with 0-to-3 competing sentences through four spatially-separated loudspeakers in two sound field test rooms having RT = 0:6 sec (Site 1: N = 16) and RT = 0:4 sec (Site 2: N = 12). Speech recognition scores (SRSs) for the Synchronized Sentence Set (S3) test and subjective estimates of perceived task difficulty were recorded. Obtained results indicate that the change in room RT from 0.4 to 0.6 sec did not significantly influence SRSs in quiet or in the presence of one competing sentence. However, this small change in RT affected SRSs when 2 and 3 competing sentences were present, resulting in mean SRSs that were about 8–10% better in the room with RT = 0:4 sec. Perceived task difficulty ratings increased as the complexity of the task increased, with average ratings similar across test sites for each level of sentence competition. These results suggest that site-specific normative data must be collected for sound field rooms if clinicians would like to use two or more directional speech maskers during routine sound field testing.
Numerical airfoil catalogue including 360° airfoil polars and aeroacoustic footprints

Abstract. A methodology is presented for generating 360° airfoil polars and aeroacoustic characteristics by means of CFD and CAA. The aerodynamic procedure is validated against experimental data of the well-known airfoils DU-93-W-210 and DU-97-W-300. While a better prediction of the aerodynamic coefficients in the range of −30° and 30° is achieved by a combination of the k-ω SST turbulence model and a C-topology mesh, for the remaining angles of attack more confidence is gained with the SA negative turbulence model in combination with an O-topology mesh. Therefore the two data sets are subsequently fused to one complete data set using a kriging interpolation approach. The result of ten different airfoils using the proposed method is presented. For providing the aeroacoustic characteristics for a wide operation range four computations and a bilinear interpolation are needed, since the aeroacoustic is dependent on the Mach and Reynolds number. The bilinear interpolation approach is verificated by a comparison between the originally simulated and the emulated result at a fifth computational set for six different airfoils. The corresponding overall sound pressure level (OASPL) for four angles of attack for these airfoils is presented and the difference between a fully turbulent computation and simulations with fixed transition is assessed. The aeroacoustic results further include high-fidelity directivity functions.
Characterizing Large-Scale Meteorological Patterns and Associated Temperature and Precipitation Extremes over the Northwestern United States Using Self-Organizing Maps

AbstractThe self-organizing maps (SOMs) approach is demonstrated as a way to identify a range of archetypal large-scale meteorological patterns (LSMPs) over the northwestern United States and connect these patterns with local-scale temperature and precipitation extremes. SOMs are used to construct a set of 12 characteristic LSMPs (nodes) based on daily reanalysis circulation fields spanning the range of observed synoptic-scale variability for the summer and winter seasons for the period 1979–2013. Composites of surface variables are constructed for subsets of days assigned to each node to explore relationships between temperature, precipitation, and the node patterns. The SOMs approach also captures interannual variability in daily weather regime frequency related to El Nino–Southern Oscillation. Temperature and precipitation extremes in high-resolution gridded observations and in situ station data show robust relationships with particular nodes in many cases, supporting the approach as a way to identify .
The role of IPTV in education

Internet Protocol TV (IPTV) is best known as a platform for the provision of entertainment services, such as movies-on-demand, and which provides sizeable revenue streams for telecommunications and Internet service providers in various markets across the globe. Less appreciated are the intriguing possibilities IPTV offers in the education domain where operators are also in competition. They, too, are constantly seeking innovative services and delivery mechanisms for their ? customers? , who increasingly demand their education via non-traditional modes of delivery to fit in with changing lifestyles and expectations. This article will outline the basics of IPTV technology and provide examples of its being used in a variety of situations across the educational spectrum, including tertiary education, continuing professional development (CPD), and personally tailored education services in the home for the wider community.
Investigation of mode of action of DNA insecticides on the basis of LdMNPV IAP-3 gene

This study investigates the mechanism of action of DNA insecticides, a novel preparation against gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) based on the DNA fragments of the antiapoptotic gene of its nuclear polyhedrosis virus. In our experiments gypsy moth showed significant susceptibility to applied DNA insecticides on the basis of BIR and RING domains fragments of LdMNPV IAP-3, whereas common fruit fly and tobacco hornworm did not. PCR with the same fragments of BIR and RING domains of the LdMNPV IAP-3 gene as primers revealed parts of the genomes of gypsy moth, common fruit fly, and tobacco hornworm. Part of the gypsy moth genome cloned with the fragments of BIR and RING domains of the LdMNPV IAP-3 gene as primers has an overlap with the corresponding part of the LdMNPV IAP-3 gene and Lymantria dispar IAP-1 mRNA for an inhibitor of apoptosis protein with the high cover of the latter by query, which allows assuming that we cloned a part of a gypsy moth antiapoptosis gene. This finding suggests that DNA insecticides might act through the mechanisms characteristic for blocking of posttranscriptional expression of gypsy moth antiapoptosis genes.
Molecular gas and star formation in early-type galaxies

We present new mm interferometric and optical integral-field unit (IFU) observations and construct a sample of 12 elliptical (E) and lenticular (S0) galaxies with molecular gas which have both CO and optical maps. The galaxies contain 2 x 10 7 to 5 × 10 9 M ⊙ of molecular gas distributed primarily in central discs or rings (radii 0.5-4 kpc). The molecular gas distributions are always coincident with distributions of optically obscuring dust that reveal tightly wound spiral structures in many cases. The ionized gas always approximately corotates with the molecular gas, evidencing a link between these two gas components, yet star formation is not always the dominant ionization source. The galaxies with less molecular gas tend to have [O m]/Hβ emission-line ratios at high values not expected for star formation. Most E/S0s with molecular gas have young or intermediate-age stellar populations based on optical colours, ultraviolet colours and absorption linestrengths. The few that appear purely old lie close to the limit where such populations would be undetectable based on the mass fractions of expected young to observed old stars. The 8 μm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and 24 μm emission yield similar star formation rate (SFR) estimates of E/S0s, but the total infrared overpredicts the rate due to a contribution to dust heating from older stars. The radio-far-infrared relation also has much more scatter than for other star-forming galaxies. However, despite these biases and additional scatter, the derived star formation rates locate the E/S0 galaxies within the large range of the Schmidt-Kennicutt and constant efficiency star formation laws. Thus, the star formation process in E/S0s is not overwhelmingly different than in other star-forming galaxies, although one of the more reliable tracers (24 μm) points to a possible lower star formation efficiency at a given gas surface density.
Effects of the midnight temperature maximum observed in the thermosphere–ionosphere over the northeast of Brazil

Abstract. The midnight temperature maximum (MTM) has been observed in the lower thermosphere by two Fabry–Perot interferometers (FPIs) at Sao Joao do Cariri (7.4° S, 36.5° W) and Cajazeiras (6.9° S, 38.6° W) during 2011, when the solar activity was moderate and the solar flux was between 90 and 155 SFU (1 SFU = 10−22 W m−2 Hz−1). The MTM is studied in detail using measurements of neutral temperature, wind and airglow relative intensity of OI630.0 nm (referred to as OI6300), and ionospheric parameters, such as virtual height (h′F), the peak height of the F2 region (hmF2), and critical frequency of the F region (foF2), which were measured by a Digisonde instrument (DPS) at Eusebio (3.9° S, 38.4° W; geomagnetic coordinates 7.31° S, 32.40° E for 2011). The MTM peak was observed mostly along the year, except in May, June, and August. The amplitudes of the MTM varied from 64 ± 46 K in April up to 144 ± 48 K in October. The monthly temperature average showed a phase shift in the MTM peak around 0.25 h in September to 2.5 h in December before midnight. On the other hand, in February, March, and April the MTM peak occurred around midnight. International Reference Ionosphere 2012 (IRI-2012) model was compared to the neutral temperature observations and the IRI-2012 model failed in reproducing the MTM peaks. The zonal component of neutral wind flowed eastward the whole night; regardless of the month and the magnitude of the zonal wind, it was typically within the range of 50 to 150 m s−1 during the early evening. The meridional component of the neutral wind changed its direction over the months: from November to February, the meridional wind in the early evening flowed equatorward with a magnitude between 25 and 100 m s−1; in contrast, during the winter months, the meridional wind flowed to the pole within the range of 0 to −50 m s−1. Our results indicate that the reversal (changes in equator to poleward flow) or abatement of the meridional winds is an important factor in the MTM generation. From February to April and from September to December, the h′F and the hmF2 showed an increase around 18:00–20:00 LT within a range between 300 and 550 km and reached a minimal height of about 200–300 km close to midnight; then the layer rose again by about 40 km or, sometimes, remained at constant height. Furthermore, during the winter months, the h′F and hmF2 showed a different behavior; the signature of the pre-reversal enhancement did not appear as in other months and the heights did not exceed 260 and 350 km. Our observation indicated that the midnight collapse of the F region was a consequence of the MTM in the meridional wind that was reflected in the height of the F region. Lastly, the behavior of the OI6300 showed, from February to April and from September to December, an increase in intensity around midnight or 1 h before, which was associated with the MTM, whereas, from May to August, the relative intensity was more intense in the early evening and decayed during the night.