Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studying Genetic Diversity in Zymoseptoria tritici, Causal Agent of Septoria Tritici Blotch, by Using ISSR and SSR Markers

Seventy-five isolates of the fungus Zymoseptoria tritici, collected from seven wheat producing provinces in Iran, were studied using the molecular markers ISSR and SSR to determine its structure and genetic variations within its populations. Results indicated that the populations of the causal agent of this disease had a relatively high level of genetic diversity, with the total average genetic diversity (Ht) of 0.34 in the studied samples. When the genetic diversity was divided by the genetic diversity within and between the tested fungal populations, intra-population and inter-population genetic diversities were, respectively, 69 and 31%. Moreover, results showed that there was a strong gene flow between the studied provinces. The maximum genetic diversity among the studied provinces was observed in Ardebil and Khuzestan Provinces, and cluster analysis also revealed that the fungal populations of these two provinces had the greatest similarity
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE IDENTIFICATION OF IT INDIRECT COSTS - A CASE STUDY

Organizations expenditure on Information technology (IT) related investments continue to rise in the face of the fierce competition in the various marketplaces. Nevertheless, the problem of evaluating such investments remains a challenge to managers due to the inability of the evaluation techniques to accommodate the indirect costs associated with IT investments. This negatively affects the accuracy of the justification process and the investment decision. According to literature, indirect cost factors are not easily identified or quantified because they human and organizational dimensions. Indirect costs, proven to be problematic to accommodate within traditional appraisal techniques, make IT managers choose to ignore them and neglect to include them in IT investment budgets. The research suggests an alternative solution to the problem of quantifying such indirect costs by calling for a more accurate identification of those costs which would enable a more robust management and finally control of such costs. Using a case study the paper highlights the investment decision making process in an international resource company and confirms the call for a more robust identification process. In addition the paper maps each indirect costs factor to the lifecycle stage(s) in which it occurs and presents the factors that influence the quality of the identification process.
Instructional Quality and Attitudes toward Mathematics: Do Self-Concept and Interest Differ across Students' Patterns of Perceived Instructional Quality in Mathematics Classrooms?

Using a person-centered research approach, the present study explored individual differences in students' perceptions of instructional quality in secondary school mathematics classes and their relations to students' self-concept and interest in mathematics. Drawing on data collected from 425 high school students from ten schools in Berlin, Germany (male: 53.2%; female: 46.3%), latent class analyses (LCA) revealed four distinct patterns of perceived quality of instruction. Almost half of the sample (46%) had a high likelihood of perceiving an overall low quality in mathematics classes. Those students reported particular low self-concept and interest in mathematics. Compared to male students, female students were significantly more likely to belong to this “challenging pattern. ” Consequences for educational practice are discussed and suggest that instruction in mathematics should take into account learners' highly individual ways of perceiving and evaluating their learning environment.
Design and Testing of an Ultrasound System for Targeted Spraying in Orchards

The research aims to demonstrate the basic system elements of a prototype automated orchard sprayer, which can deliver pesticide spray selectively with respect to the characteristics of the targets. The contour of the apple tree canopy was detected by ultra sound sensors Prowave 400EP14D and appropriate electronics. Ultra sound signal was processed by a personal computer and fed in real-time to spraying nozzles which open and close in relation to the canopy structure. The current project focuses on developing the system components for spraying an individual tree. The evaluation was performed in field experiments by detecting deposits on leaves and water sensitive papers (WSP). The demonstrated concept of precise application of pesticide sprays supports a decrease in the amount of delivered spray, thereby reducing both costs and environmental pollution by plant protection products.
Export of calcium carbonate corrosive waters from the East Siberian Sea

Abstract. The Siberian shelf seas are areas of extensive biogeochemical transformation of organic matter, both of marine and terrestrial origin. This in combination with brine production from sea ice formation results in a cold bottom water of relative high salinity and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2). Data from the SWERUS-C3 expedition compiled on the icebreaker Oden in July to September 2014 show the distribution of such waters at the outer shelf, as well as their export into the deep central Arctic basins. Very high pCO2 water, up to ∼ 1000 µatm, was observed associated with high nutrients and low oxygen concentrations. Consequently, this water had low saturation state with respect to calcium carbonate down to less than 0.8 for calcite and 0.5 for aragonite. Waters undersaturated in aragonite were also observed in the surface in waters at equilibrium with atmospheric CO2; however, at these conditions the cause of under-saturation was low salinity from river runoff and/or sea ice melt. The calcium carbonate corrosive water was observed all along the continental margin and well out into the deep Makarov and Canada basins at a depth from about 50 m depth in the west to about 150 m in the east. These waters of low aragonite saturation state are traced in historic data to the Canada Basin and in the waters flowing out of the Arctic Ocean north of Greenland and in the western Fram Strait, thus potentially impacting the marine life in the North Atlantic Ocean.
Causality between corruption, poverty and growth : a panel data analysis

The main purpose of this study was to shed more light on the links between corruption, poverty and growth based on the notion of causality in the context of panel data. The study aims specifically at: i) determining whether corruption causes growth or vice-versa; ii) determining whether poverty causes growth or vice-versa; or iii) whether it is the combine effect of corruption and poverty that causes growth. The link between corruption, poverty and growth was analyzed in a panel of 18 African countries for the 1996-2001 time periods. Indicators of poverty and corruption were identified and tests of the causal relationship between these variables were conducted using panel data analysis. The empirical results suggest that: 1) it is poverty that causes growth but not the other way around. This implies that past information of the state of human development help improve prediction on growth; 2) it is the state of growth that causes corruption and inequality; 3) It is corruption that causes inequality; 4) corruption and poverty together cause growth; 5) poverty and growth together cause corruption; 6) and lastly, inequality together with growth cause corruption.
Identifying habitat suitability for hazel grouse Bonasa bonasia at the landscape scale

Abstract The hazel grouse Bonasa bonasia is declining in many areas within its European distribution, particularly in managed forests. Adequate habitat management may thus be crucial for the regional survival of the species. So far management activities have tended to focus on the local scale. However, for the sustainable management of the hazel grouse and its habitat, the landscape scale also needs to be considered. We therefore evaluated whether habitat suitability for hazel grouse can be quickly, but adequately, modelled at the landscape scale with information obtained from aerial photographs. We mapped hazel grouse records in a forested area typical of large tracts of the Swiss Jura mountain range, and extracted data on habitat composition from infrared aerial photographs applying a bird-centred sampling approach. We then used the hazel grouse records together with an equal-sized data set of non-grouse plots to build predictive habitat suitability models using a generalised linear model (GLM) and a classification tree (TREE). The models were evaluated and then applied spatially explicitly to the 25 km2 study area to compare their predictions for hazel grouse distribution. Hazel grouse preferred vertically and horizontally richly structured forest stands. Forest edge density, shrub and herb cover, stand structure and development stage were essential habitat variables. The resulting 5-fold cross-validated predictive habitat models performed well, having a kappa of 0.62 (GLM) and 0.8 (TREE), and a correct classification rate of 0.81 (GLM) and 0.90 (TREE). This suggests that predictive modelling based on a bird-centred analysis is an efficient way to assess habitat suitability for hazel grouse habitat management at the landscape scale.
On 3 D Numerical Simulations of Viscoelastic Fluids Berichte

In this work we present and solve a class of non–Newtonian viscoelastic fluid flow problems. Models for non-Newtonian fluids can be classified into three large groups depending on the type of the constitutive relation used: algebraic, differential and integral. The first type of models are most simple one, the last are the most physically adequate ones. Here we consider some models from the first and the third groups, and present robust and efficient algorithms for their solution. We present new mathematical model, which belongs to the class of generalized Newtonian models and is able to account for the anisotropy of the viscosity tensor observed in many real liquids. In particular, we discuss a unified model that captures both shear thinning and extensional thickening for complex flows. The resulting large variations of the viscosity tensor in space and time are leading to a strong numerical coupling of the momentum equations due to the appearance of mixed derivatives in the discretization. To treat this strong coupling appropriately, we present two modifications of classical projection methods (like e.g. SIMPLE). In the first modification all momentum equations are solved coupled (i.e. mixed derivative are discretized implicitly) but still iterations are performed between the momentum equations and the continuity equation. The second one is a fully coupled method, where momentum and continuity equation are solved together using a proper preconditioner. The models involving integral constitutive relation which accounts for the history of deformations, result in a system of integro-differential equations. To solve it, we suggest a proper splitting scheme, which treats the integral and the differential parts consecutively. Integral Oldroyd B and Doi Edwards models are used to simulate flows of dilute and concentrated polymer solutions, respectively.
Promoting Social Change: The Experience of Health Action Zones in England

When New Labour came to power in the UK in 1997 it brought with it a strong commitment to reducing inequality and social exclusion. One strand of its strategy involved a focus on area-based initiatives to reduce the effects of persistent disadvantage. Health Action Zones (HAZs) were the first example of this type of intervention, and their focus on community-based initiatives to tackle the wider social determinants of health inequalities excited great interest both nationally and internationally. This article draws on findings from the national evaluation of the initiative. It provides an overview of the HAZ experience, and explores why many of the great expectations associated with HAZs at their launch failed to materialise. It suggests that, despite their relatively limited impact, it is best to consider that they made a good start in difficult circumstances rather than that they failed. As a result there are some important lessons to be learned about the role of complex community-based interventions in tackling seemingly intractable social problems for policy-makers, practitioners and evaluators. Social programs are complex undertakings. They are an amalgam of dreams and personalities, rooms and theories, paper clips and organisational structure, clients and activities, budgets and photocopies, and great intentions. (Weiss, 1998: 48)
Title On the correlation between material structure and seismic attenuation anisotropy in porous media Permalink

Through numerical experiments and analytical analysis, we show that a strong correlation exists between anisotropy in the material structure (i.e., the elongation of inclusions present within rocks in the different directions of space) and anisotropy in seismic attenuation (i.e., the values of the inverse quality factors associated with the anisotropic moduli that control wave propagation). This is especially true for weakly anisotropic materials where a power law is shown to relate the aspect ratios of the inclusions (i.e., the ratios of the lengths of the inclusions in the different spatial directions) to the peak attenuation ratios (i.e., the ratios of the maximum values of the quality factors describing wave attenuation in the different spatial directions). Analytical results show that small deviations from this simple power law relation are to be expected for general anisotropic materials. For axisymmetric spheroidal inclusions, a perfectly bijective analytical relation is obtained between aspect ratios of the inclusions and attenuation ratios. This relation is not a power law in general but may be considered to reduce to one as aspect ratios approach 1 (a perfect sphere).
Modelling Credit Growth in Commercial Banks with the Use of Data From Senior Loan Officers Opinion Survey

This paper describes the model of credit growth in the sector of commercial banks in Poland making use of panel data from Senior Loan Officers Opinion Survey (SLOS). The main aim of the model is short-term forecasting of the loan growth at the disaggregated (for particular banks) and aggregated (commercial banks’ sector) level using qualitative information about expected banks’ loan policy. The model was estimated on the sample of quarterly panel data spanning the period from mid-2005 to 2014 and involving about 30 banks covering more than 80 percent of the Polish banking sector loan portfolio. The model framework includes equations of credit growth in particular segments of loans – corporate, consumer and housing, enhanced by the equations of ordered-choice loan policy, which reflect respondents’ expectations for the next quarter.
The moderator effect of the multinationality factor on the relationships between organizational structure and managerial competency

The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between the organizational structure perceptions and the managerial competence perceptions of individuals working as managers in national and multinational companies in Turkey and to investigate whether these perceptions are affected by “the multi-nationality” factor. In this context, the relationship between the estimation variable "Organizational Structure" and the outcome variable "Managerial Competence" is researched; additionally, the effects of both the estimation variable and the organizational and individual demographic variables on the outcome variable are analyzed. The main research question is whether the managers’ perception of organizational structure affects the perception of managerial competence. The main research hypothesis is that the perception of organizational structure has a positive effect on the perception of managerial competence. The measurement tools developed by the researcher were applied to entry-, middle- and senior-level managers. The research data were obtained from 330 managers working in national companies and 270 managers working in multinational companies operating in Turkey. The results of this research indicated that there was a statistically significant relationship between the estimation variable and the outcome variable and that the perception of organizational structure affects the perception of managerial competence (R 2 = 0.530, p 0.05).
What factors affect the pelagic cladocerans of the meso-eutrophic Azibo Reservoir?

Zooplankton composition, abundance and dynamicsare structured by both environmental factors and bioticinteractions (Wetzel 2001). The understanding of theway those structural forces interact constitutes an im-portant source of information to implement correctmanagement practices, in order to maintain water qua-lity of reservoirs in a perspective of multiple-use ap-proach. Cladocerans are important components oflakes and reservoirs, because of their significant role inthe functioning of those ecosystems. As grazers, theymay influence phytoplankton dynamics and conse-quently the relationships between chlorophyll and nu-trients (Lampert & Sommer 1997, Tessier et al. 2001). Cladocerans also regulate bacterioplankton and proto-zoan populations as well as detritus availability, becau-se under certain conditions they feed on those items(Schneider-Olt & Adrian 2001). Consequently, theywill interfere on the epilimnetic cycle of organic mat-ter by reducing seston concentrations, thus modifyingparticle sedimentation rates (Bossard & Uehlinger1993, Sommer et al. 2003). On the other hand, clado-cerans are important in food web linkage. They can bean important food source for carnivorous copepods(Kerfoot 1978), for aquatic insect larvae such as thoseof Chaoboridae (Schum & Maly 2000), and for 0+ fishand adult planktivorous fish (Siegfried & Kopache1984, Beklioglu & Moss 1996). This study focuses on the pelagic cladoceran assem-blage patterns in Azibo Reservoir, an impoundmentbuilt in the Portuguese part of River Douro catchment.The main goals of the study were: (1) to characterisecladoceran assemblage patterns; (2) to assess the in-fluence of environmental factors upon this assembla-ge; (3) to determine the availability of the potentiallyedible phytoplankton; (4) to determine the densities ofthe copepods
Damage Schedules for Thai Coastal Areas: An Alternative Approach to Assessing Environmental Values

The growing concern over environmental degradation has heightened the role of environmental economics and the valuation of natural resources as analytical tools that facilitate policy design for sustainable management. Research of the past four decades, however, has not provided reliable methods for measuring the economic value of most nonmarketable environmental assets involved in damage claims and allocation decisions. In this study, rather than relying on current valuation practices to guide resource allocation policies and to determine compensation awards, a 'damage schedule approach' is proposed as an alternative. Damage schedules are constructed based on scales of relative importance obtained from people's judgements about values of various resource losses and activities causing losses. It is a non-monetary valuation approach as people are asked to indicate their preferences and values about the resources without any reference to monetary values. The scales of relative importance are derived from the responses of people to series of paired comparison questions. People are simply asked to choose one item in each pair that they consider more important. The damage schedules, developed based on these importance scales, reflect community values which should be considered in the natural resources management and policymaking. This study is an empirical test of the possibility of developing meaningful scales of relative importance that could be used to construct the damage schedules. The study aims at investigating people's ability in providing consistent judgements about the importance of resource losses and activities in consideration. The resulting scales of relative importance are then examined for their usefulness in providing a basis for the development of the damage schedules.
A Priori Error Estimates for Finite Element Approximations to Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami Operator

Elliptic partial differential equations on surfaces play an essential role in geometry, relativity theory, phase transitions, materials science, image processing, and other applications. They are typically governed by the Laplace-Beltrami operator. We present and analyze approximations by Surface Finite Element Methods (SFEM) of the Laplace-Beltrami eigenvalue problem. As for SFEM for source problems, spectral approximation is challenged by two sources of errors: the geometric consistency error due to the approximation of the surface and the Galerkin error corresponding to finite element resolution of eigenfunctions. We show that these two error sources interact for eigenfunction approximations as for the source problem. The situation is different for eigenvalues, where a novel situation occurs for the geometric consistency error: The degree of the geometric error depends on the choice of interpolation points used to construct the approximate surface. Thus the geometric consistency term can sometimes be made to converge faster than in the eigenfunction case through a judicious choice of interpolation points.
The spinning pipe gas lens revisited

The graded index (GRIN-like) medium generated by gas inside a heated steel pipe when rotated about its longitudinal axis has the ability to focus a laser beam. While the effective focal length of such a system has previously been studied, there is little information on optical phase aberrations and no study to date on the propagation parameters of the laser beam, but has rather remained rooted in the domain of ray optics. We revisit the spinning pipe gas lens in this paper with new perspectives on the propagation of optical waves, and show how the position of the focus is not a measure of the focal length of the lens. We make use of both the intensity and phase information carried by waves to accurately measure the salient parameters of the lens, and complement our experimental findings with a computational fluid dynamics model.
Implementation of seismic data inversion as grid-backed web service

The essence of probability approach in solving inverse problems is use of a posteriory probability density function (APDF). APDF bears a priory system signature and the way the corresponding model parameter set describes the observational data. APDF importance sampling is carried out independently in different points thus the problem is a good target for distributed computing. The software implementation make use of virtualization to lower the hardware cost: all Globus Toolkit services, except for GridFTP, run as virtual guests on execution nodes. Due to very insignificant resources utilization the guests make no footprint on node’s computation power. The execution nodes local resource manager is TORQUE. The main thought for web interface is to hide complex middleware interaction from user. Such interaction usually takes place during start-up and result collection and analysis procedures. The implemented minimalistic web service allows defining of models, estimation of calculation time for user-specified parameter set, task start-up, management, results acquisition and visualization. The specific pilot problem we implemented is determination of seismic anisotropy of mantle and upper crust by teleseismic data.
Electronic and Magnetic Properties Studies on Mn and Oxygen Vacancies Codoped Anatase TiO 2

1College of Physics and Material Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China 2Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Xinxiang 453007, China 3Key Laboratory of Artificial Microand Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China 4College of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Henan 453007, China