Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Family of Role-Based Languages

Role-based modeling has been proposed in 1977 by Charles W. Bachman [Bachman et al., 1977], as a means to model complex and dynamic domains, because roles are able to capture both contextdependent and collaborative behavior of objects. Consequently, they were introduced in various fields of research ranging from data modeling via conceptual modeling through to programming languages [Steimann, 2000a]. More importantly, because current software systems are characterized by increased complexity and context-dependence [Murer et al., 2008], there is a strong demand for new concepts beyond object-oriented design. Although mainstream modeling languages, i.e., Entity-Relationship Model, Unified Modeling Language, are good at capturing a system’s structure, they lack ways to model the system’s behavior, as it dynamically emerges through collaborating objects [Reenskaug and Coplien, 2009]. In turn, roles are a natural concept capturing the behavior of participants in a collaboration. Moreover, roles permit the specification of interactions independent from the interacting objects. Similarly, more recent approaches use roles to capture contextdependent properties of objects. The notion of roles can help to tame the increased complexity and context-dependence. Despite all that, these years of research had almost no influence on current software development practice. To make things worse, until now there is no common understanding of roles in the research community and no approach fully incorporates both the contextdependent and the relational nature of roles [Kühn et al., 2014]. In this thesis, I will devise a formal model for a family of role-based modeling languages to capture the various notions of roles [Kühn et al., 2015a]. Together with a software product line of Role Modeling Editors, this, in turn, enables the generation of a role-based language family for Role-based Software Infrastructures (RoSI).
The effect of microglia on embryonic dopaminergic neuronal survival in vitro: diffusible signals from neurons and glia change microglia from neurotoxic to neuroprotective

When embryonic dopaminergic neurons are transplanted into the adult brain, ≈ 95% die within a few days. To assess whether microglia activated during transplantation might be responsible for this rapid death, we examined the effect of microglia on rat embryonic dopaminergic neurons in vitro. Conditioned medium from 7‐day‐old microglia was found to decrease the number of dopamine neurons surviving in primary culture, but activation of the microglia with N‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (FMLP) or Zymosan A did not increase the toxicity of the conditioned medium. We next tested the effect of coculturing microglia and dopaminergic neurons by placing microglia in semipermeable well inserts over the neuronal cultures. The presence of microglia now increased dopaminergic neuronal survival, microglial activation again having no effect. To increase yet further the possible interactions between microglia and neurons, the mesencephalic cells and microglia were mixed together and placed as a tissue in three‐dimensional culture, and here again the presence of microglia increased dopaminergic neuronal survival with no effect of activation. Contact of microglia with the mesencephalic cells therefore converted them from being toxic to dopaminergic neurons to promoting their survival. The change in microglial effect from toxic to protective was caused by soluble molecules secreted by cells in the neuronal cultures, as conditioned medium derived from microglia–neuronal cocultures also had a dopaminergic neuron survival effect, indicating that microglia in cocultures behave differently from microglia removed from neuronal and glial influence. Microglia cocultured with either neurons or astrocytes downregulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), indicating a decrease in the production of nitric oxide and possibly other toxic molecules. These findings indicate that in their natural environment, microglia are likely to be beneficial for the survival of embryonic dopaminergic grafts.
ICT adoption in Cameroon SME: application of Bass diffusion model*

ABSTRACT In almost all low-income countries, small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are a primary engine for the country’s economic development. While many information and communications technology (ICT) diffusion studies exist, only few focus on low-income countries and even fewer employ Bass-based analysis to examine ICT diffusion in these countries. This study applies the Bass diffusion model to understand SME adoption of ICT in Cameroon, a low-income country. The Bass model was employed because of its predictive capacity. We find that diffusion of ICT among SMEs in the context of a low-income economy is largely driven by forces of imitation rather than forces of innovation. Contributing to practice, this study finds that SMEs with greater sizes, multiple plants, and whose owners have higher education have a greater tendency to adopt ICT early. The theoretical contribution of the paper is applying the well-recognized Bass model from marketing to the IT/IS field and applying it within a low-income country environment by evaluating diffusion of ICTs among SMEs in Cameroon.
MARKA İMAJI YARATMA VE YERLEŞTİRME

Marka kavrami ilk ortaya cikisindan bu yana onemli bir evrim gecirmistir.Marka uzerinde bulundugu urunun ureticisini belirten bir isaret olmaktan cikarak, urunun kalitesi ve urunu kullananlarin kimligi hakkinda bilgi veren ve bu nedenle urune arti deger katan bir simgeye donusmus, bu niteligi ile de urunden ve sirketten ayri olarak ticaret konu bir varlik niteligini de kazanmistir. Tuketiciler de kendi kimliklerini markalar vasitasiyla tanimlama ve ifade etmeye baslamistir. Bu nedenle gunumuzde markalar arasi savas piyasadan ziyade tuketicilerin zihninde gerceklesmektedir. Bir marka icin onemli olan tuketicinin zihninde en on sirada, en olumu cagrisimlarla yer almak ve tukecilerle duygusal bir bag kurmaktir. Dolaysiyla markanin gucu yaratmis oldugu olumlu ve guclu cagrisimlarla orantilidir. Marka imaji da bu cercevede marka ile ilgili olarak tuketicilerin zihninde yer alan cagrisimlar butunu olarak tanimlanabilir.Marka imajinin olusturulmasi dikkatli ve uzun bir planlama ve pazarlama iletisimi sureci gerektirmektedir. Her seyden once, isletmelerin yaratmak istedikleri cagrisimlar, iletimi tasiyan araclarca ve tuketicilerin kendi bilgileri ve deneyimlerince kirilmalara ugramakta, her tuketici tarafindan farkli bir sekilde algilanmaktadir. Bu nedenle, yaratilmak istenen cagrisimlari farkli acilardan dstekleyecek uzun vadeli ve butunlesik bir pazarlama stratejisinin uygulanmasi gereklidir. Uygulama ornegi olarak secilen Turkcell Iletisim Hizmetleri A. Ş. , Turkcell ve Hazir Kart markalari icin yogun faaliyetlerde bulunmustur. Yapilan odak grubu calismasinda elde edilen bulgular Turkcell’in katilimcilarin zihninde genel olarak olumlu bir sekilde yer ettigini, ancak Hazir Kart’a yonelik olarak yurutulen calismalarin firmanin ongordugu temalarin aktarilmasi acisindan istenilen basariyi elde edemedigini gostermektedir.
v-Haras oncogene insertion : A model for tumor progression of human small cell lung cancer

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) manifests a range of phenotypes in culture that may be important in understanding its relationship to non-SCLCs and to tumor progression events in patients. Most SCLC-derived cell lines, termed "classic" SCLC lines, have properties similar to SCLC tumors in patients, including high expression of neuroendocrine markers and low c-myc oncogene expression. A significant number of SCLC lines characterized as "biochemical or morphologic variant" SCLC lines have decreased levels of endocrine differentiation markers associated with increased proliferative indices, amplification of the c-myc oncogene, and growth patterns and biochemical markers more typical of non-SCLCs. To delineate further the relationships between these phenotypes and the molecular events involved, we have inserted the v-Ha-ras gene in SCLC cell lines with (biochemical variant) and without (classic) an amplified c-myc gene. These two SCLC subtypes had markedly different phenotypic responses to similar levels of expression of v-Ha-ras RNA. No biochemical or morphologic changes were observed in classic SCLC cells. In contrast, in biochemical variant SCLC cells, v-Ha-ras expression induced features typical of large cell undifferentiated lung carcinoma, including adherent monolayer growth patterns, increased cloning efficiency, increased levels of non-SCLC cell markers, ultrastructural characteristics, and an acquired resistance to polyamine depletion typical of large cell carcinoma, but not SCLC, in vitro. Expression of v-Ha-ras in biochemical variant SCLC cells directly demonstrates that important transitions can occur between phenotypes of human lung cancer cells and that these may play a critical role in tumor progression events in patients. The finding provide a model system to study molecular events involved in tumor progression steps within a series of related
Dynamic changes in petiole specific conductivity in red maple (Acer rubrum L.), tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) and northern fox grape (Vitis labrusca L.)

Diurnal variation in petiole specific hydraulic conductivity and simultaneous measurements of leaf water potential were recorded in red maple, tulip tree and fox grape. Petiole specific conductivity was determined from in situ measurements of water flow into the distal (leaf-bearing) end of an attached petiole as a function of applied hydrostatic pressure and petiole dimensions. The hydraulic properties of the petiole dominated the measurements, indicating that this technique can be used for rapid estimates of petiole hydraulic conductivity. There was a significant decrease in petiole specific conductivity associated with increasingly more negative leaf water potentials in maple and tulip tree, but not in grape. Petiole specific conductivity increased during the afternoon while the plant was actively transpiring and the xylem sap was under tension. The recovery of petiole conductivity during the afternoon suggests that hydraulic conductivity reflects a dynamic balance between a loss of hydraulic conductivity with increasing water stress, and its restoration as tension within the xylem decreases. Three experimental manipulations were applied to red maple and tulip tree to examine the sensitivity of diurnal changes in petiole conductivity to various physiological perturbations. Both phloem girdling and application of HgCl2 to the transpiration stream resulted in a marked decrease in the degree to which petiole specific conductivity recovered as xylem tension relaxed during the afternoon. Delivery of a surfactant to the xylem, however, did not significantly alter the relation between leaf water potential and petiole hydraulic conductivity.
Document controversy classification based on the Wikipedia category structure

Dispute and controversy are parts of our culture and cannot be omitted on the Internet (where it becomes more anonymous). There have been many studies on controversy, especially on social networks such as Wikipedia. This free on-line encyclopedia has become a very popular data source among many researchers studying behavior or natural language processing. This paper presents using the category structure of Wikipedia to determine the controversy of a single article. This is the first part of the proposed system for classification of topic controversy score for any given text.
Stress-free states of continuum dislocation fields: Rotations, grain boundaries, and the Nye dislocation density tensor

We derive general relations between grain boundaries, rotational deformations, and stress-free states for the mesoscale continuum Nye dislocation density tensor. Dislocations generally are associated with long-range stress fields. We provide the general form for dislocation density fields whose stress fields vanish. We explain that a grain boundary (a dislocation wall satisfying Frank's formula) has vanishing stress in the continuum limit. We show that the general stress-free state can be written explicitly as a (perhaps continuous) superposition of flat Frank walls. We show that the stress-free states are also naturally interpreted as configurations generated by a general spatially dependent rotational deformation. Finally, we propose a least-squares definition for the spatially dependent rotation field of a general (stressful) dislocation density field.
Context and Contextual Word Meaning

In linguistics, context carries tremendous importance in disambiguation of meanings as well as in understanding the actual meaning of words. Therefore, understanding the context becomes an important task in the area of applied linguistics, computational linguistics, lexical semantics, cognitive linguistics, as well as in other areas of linguistics as context triggers variation of meaning and supplies valuable information to understand why and how a particular word varies in meaning when used in a piece of text. Keeping this question in mind, I have made an attempt here to understand the nature, type, and role of context in the act of meaning disambiguation of words used in a language. In contrast to the observation of earlier scholars, I have identified four types of context that can help us to understand the actual meaning of a word. At certain situations, although reference to the local context appears to be the most suitable proposition, reference to other contexts also becomes equally important to decipher the actual meaning of a word in a natural language text.
Deliberative Object Pose Estimation in Clutter Venkatraman

A fundamental robot perception task is that of identifying and estimating the poses of objects with known 3D models in RGB-D data. While feature-based and discriminative approaches have been traditionally used for this task, recent work on deliberative approaches such as PERCH and D2P have shown improved robustness in handling scenes with severe inter-object occlusions. These deliberative approaches work by treating multi-object pose estimation as a combinatorial search over the space of possible rendered scenes of the objects, thereby inherently being able to predict and account for occlusions. However, these methods have so far been restricted to scenes comprising only of known objects, and have been unable to handle extraneous clutter—a common occurrence in many realworld settings. This work significantly increases the practical relevance of deliberative perception methods by developing a formulation that: i) accounts for extraneous unmodeled clutter in scenes, and ii) provides object pose uncertainty estimates. Our algorithm is complete and provides bounded suboptimality guarantees for the cost function chosen to be optimized. Empirically, we demonstrate successful object recognition and uncertainty-aware localization in challenging scenes with unmodeled clutter, where previous deliberative methods perform unsatisfactorily. In addition, this work was used as part of the perception system by Carnegie Mellon University’s Team HARP in the 2016 Amazon Picking Challenge.
Purification of insoluble nitric oxide synthase from rat cerebellum.

Nitric oxide synthase [EC 1.14. 23] from the particulate fraction of rat cerebella was purified and characterized. The homogenate of rat cerebella was centrifuged to obtain a pellet, which was washed and incubated with Triton X-100 containing buffer. The enzyme activity appeared in the 100,000 x g supernatant after incubation with the detergent. The solubilized enzyme was then purified by sequential affinity chromatography using adenosine 2',5'-diphosphate agarose and calmodulin Sepharose 4B, which gave a product that migrated as a single protein band on SDS/PAGE with a molecular mass of about 150 kDa. The purified enzyme exhibited an absolute requirement for FAD, in addition to NADPH and Ca2+/calmodulin. Thus, there is an insoluble nitric oxide synthase in rat cerebellum that has similar characteristics to the soluble type.
Speech enhancement based on filtering the spectrotemporal modulations

A monaural noise suppression algorithm is proposed based on filtering the spectrotemporal modulations of noisy speech. The modulations are estimated from a multiscale representation of the signal spectrogram generated by a model of sound processing in the auditory system. A significant advantage of this method is its ability to suppress noise that has distinctive modulation patterns, despite being spectrally overlapping with the speech. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated using subjective and objective tests and compared to the optimal smoothing and minimum statistics approach (Martin (2001)). The results demonstrate the efficacy of the spectrotemporal filtering approach in the conditions examined.
Functional outcome in patients with lacunar infarction.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Little is known about the prognosis and the predictive factors for functional outcome after lacunar infarction. Our aim was to analyze this issue in more detail and with a longer follow-up than in previous reports. METHODS Functional outcome was assessed in 81 consecutive patients with a first-ever stroke and clinical and MRI findings compatible with lacunar infarction. We measured impairment (motor, sensory, and cognitive function), disability (Katz's Index of Activities of Daily Living [ADL] and four instrumental activities), and handicap (Oxford Handicap Scale). The patients were followed up for 3 years. RESULTS During follow-up, 6% of the patients died and 21% had recurrent strokes, mostly new lacunar infarcts. A fast initial recovery was found in most patients. At 1 year, 12% were dependent in personal ADL, which after 3 years had increased to 24%, mostly as a result of the effects of recurrent strokes. In a logistic multivariate regression model, moderate or severe hemiparesis 1 month after stroke onset was the strongest predictor of physical dependence or death at 3 years (P < .001), followed by white matter hyperintensities on MRI (P < .01). Age, vascular risk factors, and recurrent stroke were not statistically significant independent predictors of functional outcome. CONCLUSIONS Functional outcome regarding physical independence was favorable in most patients. Motor impairment and white matter disease were the strongest predictors of a poor functional outcome. Recurrent stroke increased disability and handicap but was not a statistically significant independent risk factor. Measurements of personal ADL alone were insensitive in detecting the consequences of stroke in many patients with preserved self-care ability, who still experienced disability and handicap.
A new STAP method for MIMO radar based on joint digital beam forming and joint domain localized processing

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar has drawn unprecedented attention and becomes a main focus of research in the radar field. In this paper, we develop a novel STAP scheme for MIMO radar. The scheme takes advantage of the signals extracted by the matched filter (MF) bank which cascades with each receiver antenna element and forms a group of joint transmit-receive beams. A general sidelobe canceller (GSC) is derived to implement the adaptive matched filter (AMF) CFAR detection by employing a data level multistage wiener filter (DMWF) algorithm. This scheme reverses the unavailability of the phased-array-efficient joint-domain localized (JDL) algorithm for MIMO radar. Moreover, it adapts to MIMO radar with arbitrary ratio between transmitter and receiver element space. Even better, it needs less computed amount. We evaluate the validity of algorithm in terms of comparing the probability of detection performance and improving factor (IF) between phased array (PA) and MIMO radar.
Prognosis of 1169 hepatitis C chronically infected patients with decompensated cirrhosis in the predirect‐acting antiviral era

At a population level, little is known regarding the risk of liver‐ and nonliver‐related mortality and hospitalization and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐infected patients with decompensated cirrhosis (DC). This large‐scale national record‐linkage study estimates these outcomes following first hospital admission for DC. Record‐linkages between national HCV diagnosis and clinical databases and the national inpatient hospital episode database and mortality register were conducted to follow‐up the disease course of all identified HCV‐diagnosed and chronically infected persons. The study population consisted of 1169 HCV chronically infected persons who had a first hospital admission for DC within the period 1994‐2013. We observed an overall average annual percentage change of 12.6% in new DC patients (from 63 in 1994‐1999 to 541 in 2009‐2013), with no evidence for any improvement in the relative risks of liver‐related or all‐cause death over time. Between 1 January 1994 and 31 May 2014, 722 and 95 DC patients had died of a liver‐ and a nonliver‐related cause, respectively, and 106 patients had a subsequent first admission for HCC. The 5‐year cumulative incidence of liver‐related mortality, nonliver‐related mortality and first subsequent HCC admission was 61.3%, 8.2% and 8.8%, respectively. The health burden in HCV‐infected patients associated with development of decompensated cirrhosis has increased dramatically over the last 20 years. Our findings establish the baseline mortality and HCC progression rates in DC patients against which the impact of new antiviral therapies can be measured.
Estimation of spatial and spectral parameters of multiple sources

The problem of estimating spatial and spectral parameters of multiple sources by sensor arrays is considered. A parametric model is derived for the multichannel measurement vector. Tbe model parameters are the time delays and the autoregressive moving-average parameters of all the sources. A suboptimal parameter estimation procedure is proposed, and simulation results are presented to illustrate its performance.
A comprehensive view of sex-specific issues related to cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in women. In fact, CVD is responsible for a third of all deaths of women worldwide and half of all deaths of women over 50 years of age in developing countries. The prevalence of CVD risk factor precursors is increasing in children. Retrospective analyses suggest that there are some clinically relevant differences between women and men in terms of prevalence, presentation, management and outcomes of the disease, but little is known about why CVD affects women and men differently. For instance, women with diabetes have a significantly higher CVD mortality rate than men with diabetes. Similarly, women with atrial fibrillation are at greater risk of stroke than men with atrial fibrillation. Historically, women have been underrepresented in clinical trials. The lack of good trial evidence concerning sex-specific outcomes has led to assumptions about CVD treatment in women, which in turn may have resulted in inadequate diagnoses and suboptimal management, greatly affecting outcomes. This knowledge gap may also explain why cardiovascular health in women is not improving as fast as that of men. Over the last decades, mortality rates in men have steadily declined, while those in women remained stable. It is also becoming increasingly evident that gender differences in cultural, behavioural, psychosocial and socioeconomic status are responsible, to various degrees, for the observed differences between women and men. However, the interaction between sex-and gender-related factors and CVD outcomes in women remains largely unknown.