Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Directional adhesion for climbing: theoretical and practical considerations

Using the gecko as inspiration, important principles are revealed for reliable maneuvering on vertical surfaces. Foremost among these is the directional behavior of the gecko adhesive system, which permits control of adhesion via control of the tangential forces at the feet. Multiple hierarchical levels of compliance are also important for conforming intimately to surfaces with varying degrees of roughness and different length scales. In light of these requirements, most previously developed synthetic adhesives are not well suited for application on a climbing robot. We describe a synthetic fibrillar adhesive, termed Directional Polymer Stalks, made from relatively soft polyurethane (modulus of elasticity ≈ 300 kPa). The fibrils are angled 20° with respect to vertical and are approximately 1 mm long and 380 μm in diameter. Rather than having a flat top, they have angled faces at 45°. The directional nature of these angled stalks is shown, achieving a maximum adhesion of approximately 1 N for a 3.9 cm2 patch when pulled in the direction in which the stalks are angled. When pulled in the non-adhesive direction, the adhesion forces are negligible. The application to a climbing robot is presented and limitations of the current design are discussed along with ongoing efforts to address them.
A study on the impact of psychological contract breach on employee loyalty from the perspective of group identity : Samples from Logistics Enterprise

The psychological contract plays a significant role in the formation of employee loyalty.Therefore, it is particularly important to explore the influence of different dimensions of psychological contract damage that has on employee loyalty degree. Based on the samples from logistics enterprise employees, we regard the group dynamics theory as the breakthrough point, and explore the effect of psychological contract breach on employee loyalty under the action of psychological contract violation, and examine the moderating role of employee group identification between psychological contract breach and psychological contract violation.From this, it is shown that, the impact of three types of psychological contract breach on employee loyalty are different, and the negative influence that the interpersonal dimension damage is largest.Then,psychological contract violation mediates the relationship between psychological contract breach and employee loyalty. Furthermore, employee group identification plays a significant negative regulatory effect between the psychological contract damage type and psychological contract violation, but the relationship between interpersonal and developmental psychological breach and employee loyalty aren’t moderated by employee group identification.
Thermally conductive boron nitride/SEBS/EVA ternary composites: “Processing and characterization”

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of hexagonal boron nitride (BN) particle shape/size and loading level on the thermal, mechanical, electrical properties, and morphology of styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene terpolymer (SEBS)/poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) blends to be used as thermal interface materials (TIM). It is observed from the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of BN powders that each type has a characteristic particle size distribution and particle shape. SEM analysis conducted on matrices (i.e. SEBS/EVA blends) does not indicate any sign of interfacial delamination or phase separation between components. The surface energy measurements and subsequent wettability coefficient calculations point out that the dispersion of BN in SEBS is thermodynamically more favorable than that of BN in EVA. In other words, SEBS tends to encapsulate BN particles in comparison to EVA. Thermal conductivity of composites increases with increasing filler loading level regardless of filler size and shape. It is found that the composites with smaller BN particles (i.e. high aspect ratio and plate-like particles) shows higher thermal conductivity than that of the composites with larger particles at the same filler content. The tensile strength of the composites reduces with the incorporation of BN regardless of BN content and matrix composition. The increasing content of BN in the matrix gradually improves the moduli of the composites. The hardness of composites enhances with BN loading level and SEBS/EVA ratio regardless of filler type. The increasing amount of EVA in the composites results in a decrease in dielectric constant of neat matrices and composites. POLYM. COMPOS. , 31:1398–1408, 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Modeling exchange rate exposure in the Japanese industrial sectors

In recent years the volatility of exchange rate exposure and its associated risk have become a hot issue in international financial management. It is often assumed that a firm's future operating cash flows is proxied by its market value, and the exposure coefficient would be able to efficiently measure the impact of exchange rate changes on a firm's return and its sensitivity to the changes. Recently, some studies begin to investigate whether exchange rate exposure is asymmetric between currency appreciations and depreciations. By far most existing studies on exchange rate exposure assume that the variances of a firm's returns and exchange rates changes are time-invariant. In this paper, we assess empirically the validity of this assumption, and argue that the conveniently defined exchange rate exposure is inadequate for measuring the entire impact of exchange rate changes on a firm's future operating cash flows in cases of time-varying variances. There are at least four alternative routes through which a firm's returns are exposed to foreign exchange risks when the variances are time-variant. The four aspects of exchange rate exposure or the multi-elements of exchange rate exposure are defines as follows: We employ the bivariate GJR-GARCH-M models to investigate the four aspects of exchange rate exposure, by using data of the daily industrial indexes of ten sectors in Japan during the period from 1992 to 2000. The results indicate that there are cases which are not exposed to currency risk under the conventional measure (exposure coefficient), but significantly exposed to currency risk through the alternative routes identified we find significant evidence of such exchange rate exposure which is not captured by the conventional measure. The diagnostic statistics confirm the adequacy of our model, and hence the robustness of the results.
WASP-94 A and B planets: hot-Jupiter cousins in a twin-star system ?

We report the discovery of two hot-Jupiter planets, each orbiting one of the stars of a wide binary system. WASP-94A (2MASS 20550794‐3408079) is an F8 type star hosting a transiting planet with a radius of 1:72 0:06 RJup, a mass of 0:452 0:034 MJup, and an orbital period of 3.95 days. The Rossiter-McLaughlin e ect is clearly detected, and the measured projected spin-orbit angle indicates that the planet occupies a retrograde orbit. WASP-94B (2MASS 20550915‐3408078) is an F9 stellar companion at an angular separation of 15 00 (projected separation 2700 au), hosting a gas giant with a minimum mass of 0:618 0:028 MJup with a period of 2.008 days, detected by Doppler measurements. The orbital planes of the two planets are inclined relative to each other, indicating that at least one of them is inclined relative to the plane of the stellar binary. These hot Jupiters in a binary system bring new insights into the formation of close-in giant planets and the role of stellar multiplicity.
Shell Models of RMHD Turbulence and the Heating of Solar Coronal Loops

A simplified nonlinear numerical model for the development of incompressible magnetohydrodynamics in the presence of a strong magnetic field B∥ and stratification, nicknamed "Shell-Atm," is presented. In planes orthogonal to the mean field, the nonlinear incompressible dynamics is replaced by two-dimensional shell models for the complex variables u and b, allowing one to reach large Reynolds numbers while at the same time carrying out sufficiently long integrations to obtain good statistics at moderate computational cost. The shell models of different planes are coupled by Alfvén waves propagating along B∥. The model may be applied to open or closed magnetic field configurations where the axial field dominates and the plasma pressure is low; here we apply it to the specific case of a magnetic loop of the solar corona heated by means of turbulence driven by photospheric motions, and we use statistics for its analysis. The Alfvén waves interact nonlinearly and form turbulent spectra in the directions perpendicular and, through propagation, also parallel to the mean field. A heating function is obtained and shown to be intermittent; the average heating is consistent with values required for sustaining a hot corona and is proportional to the aspect ratio of the loop to the -1.5 power, and characteristic properties of heating events are distributed as power laws. Cross-correlations show a delay of dissipation compared with energy content.
ong-Term Results of Coronary Artery Bypass rafting in Patients With Left Ventricular

t t l n m Background. In this prospective study, we investigated he determinants of long-term outcome, symptoms, and eft ventricular function after coronary artery bypass rafting in patients with a moderate to severely dereased left ventricular ejection fraction. Methods. Between 1997 and 1998, 75 consecutive paients with moderate to severe left ventricular dysfuncion underwent coronary artery bypass grafting proceures. The operative mortality rate was 4.0%, and the 72 urvivors were monitored for 8 years. The end points ere mortality, symptomatic status (New York Heart ssociation [NYHA] functional class), and left ventricuar function. Results. The total survival rate after 8 years was 89.3%. uring follow-up, 8 patients died. Death was attributed o a cardiac cause in 5 patients and to a noncardiac cause n 3. There was no statistically significant difference etween preoperative and late postoperative NYHA unctional class, despite a statistically significant im-
Effective generation of genetically modified rabbits by sperm mediated gene transfer.

Many reports in the past decade showing successful sperm mediated gene transfer (SMGT) offoreign DNA into both non-mammalian and mammalian animals. Fresh collected, extender washed rabbit spermcells were co-cultured with linear 14.3 kb gene construct and used for AI. Transgene integration in rabbitgenome was verified by PCR analysis. The PCR results show that transgenic founder rabbits transmittedtransgene to F1 generation. Our preliminary results suggest that SMGT could be an effective method forproduction of genetically modified rabbits.
Hydrogen inhalation ameliorates ventilator-induced lung injury Short Running Head: Hydrogen Mitigates Lung Injury

1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA 2 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei-Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan Thomas E Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA 4 Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, South Korea Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA Center for Research on Health Care Data Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Optimal designs for indirect regression

In many real life applications, it is impossible to observe the feature of interest directly. For example, non-invasive medical imaging techniques rely on indirect observations to reconstruct an image of the patient's internal organs. In this paper, we investigate optimal designs for such indirect regression problems. We use the optimal designs as benchmarks to investigate the efficiency of designs commonly used in applications. Several examples are discussed for illustration. Our designs provide guidelines to scientists regarding the experimental conditions at which the indirect observations should be taken in order to obtain an accurate estimate for the object of interest. Moreover, we demonstrate that in many cases the commonly used uniform design is close to optimal.
Predictors of Handwriting in Adolescents and Adults with Down Syndrome

Abstract Handwriting is a skill that is constantly used in schools and in the workplace – two environments that are targeted in French legislation passed in 2005 on the integration of people with disabilities. The aim of the present study was to determine the predictive factors for handwriting speed and quality in adolescents and adults with Down syndrome (DS), looking at chronological and developmental age, pen grasp and perceptual-motor processing, which are known to contribute to both the speed and quality of handwriting. Results yielded by simple linear and curvilinear analyses revealed that handwriting speed and quality are related to chronological age, developmental age and perceptual-motor processing. Moreover, multiple linear regressions showed that handwriting quality can be predicted by fine motor coordination. We discuss the influence of different factors on handwriting acquisition in individuals with DS, and the implications in terms of intervention programmes.
AEGIS: Radio and Mid-Infrared Selection of Obscured AGN Candidates

The application of multiwavelength selection techniques is crucial for discovering a complete and unbiased set of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Here, we select a sample of 72 AGN candidates in the extended Groth strip (EGS) using deep radio and mid-infrared (mid-IR) data from the Very Large Array (VLA) and the Spitzer Space Telescope, and analyze their properties across other wavelengths. Only 30% of these sources are detected in deep 200 ks Chandra X-Ray Observatory pointings. The X-ray-detected sources demonstrate moderate obscuration with column densities of NH≳ 1022 cm−2. A stacked image of sources undetected by Chandra shows low levels of X-ray activity, suggesting they may be faint or obscured AGNs. Less than 40% of our sample are selected as AGNs with optical broad lines, mid-IR power laws, or X-ray detections. Thus, if our candidates are indeed AGNs, then the radio/mid-IR selection criteria we use provide a powerful tool for identifying sources missed by other surveys.
Efficient Sampling Rate Offset Compensation - an Overlap-Save Based Approach

Distributed sensor data acquisition usually encompasses data sampling by the individual devices, where each of them has its own oscillator driving the local sampling process, resulting in slightly different sampling rates at the individual sensor nodes. Nevertheless, for certain downstream signal processing tasks it is important to compensate even for small sampling rate offsets. Aligning the sampling rates of oscillators which differ only by a few parts-per-million, is, however, challenging and quite different from traditional multirate signal processing tasks. In this paper we propose to transfer a precise but computationally demanding time domain approach, inspired by the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem, to an efficient frequency domain implementation. To this end a buffer control is employed which compensates for sampling offsets which are multiples of the sampling period, while a digital filter, realized by the well-known Overlap-Save method, handles the fractional part of the sampling phase offset. With experiments on artificially misaligned data we investigate the parametrization, the efficiency, and the induced distortions of the proposed resampling method. It is shown that a favorable compromise between residual distortion and computational complexity is achieved, compared to other sampling rate offset compensation techniques.
Molecular Characterization of Diverse Genotypes of Indian Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em. Thell) by Using SSRs Markers for Leaf and Stripe Rust Resistance

Wheat (Triticum spp) is a crop of global significance and occupies a premier place among cereals. Due to its high nutritive value and huge acreage devoted for cultivation of wheat, it is a staple food supplying approximately 20% of total food calories. Although wheat has a wide range of climatic adaptability, it is usually affected by many biotic factors the most devastating of which are the rust diseases. All the three species of rusts viz. stem (black) rust (Puccinia gramims); leaf (brown) rust (P. triticina) and stripe (yellow) rust (P. striiformis) infect wheat crop. Yellow and leaf rusts cause enormous reduction in grain weight and yield. Both usually occurs in cooler areas when temperature ranges between 10-21°C. Different rust races are evolving and a total of 49 races of leaf rust and 22 Original Research Article Pooja et al.; ARRB, 12(2): 1-8, 2017; Article no.ARRB. 32651 2 of stripe rust identified. The wheat cultivars become susceptible to rusts due to their narrow genetic base and the rapid rate of evolution of the pathogen. In order to sustain wheat production, use of disease resistant varieties is economical and efficient with resource poor farmers. The Indian wheat breeding programmes have also designated 49 and 67 genes for resistance to stripe and leaf rusts of wheat. Rust resistance genes most prevalent in Indian wheat varieties are Lr1, Lr3, Lr10, Lr13, Lr19, Lr23, Lr24, Lr26, Lr28, Lr34 for leaf rust, YrA, Yr2, Yr9, Yr18, Yr 27 for stripe rust. So the ultimate objective of the wheat breeding is to have improved better yielding, resistant cultivars with combined resistance through pyramiding especially those Lr/Yr genes which act against important races of leaf and yellow rusts.
Geometric constraints and spatial pattern of species richness: critique of range‐based null models

Abstract. Does the shape of a biogeographical region influence its spatial patterns of species richness? A complete answer must include careful distinction between the distribution of a species, which is a complex geometric object, and the range of a species, which is relatively simple, especially when reduced to one dimension. We consider range‐based models of species richness, in particular range overlap counts in one dimension, for which we give a unified mathematical treatment via the joint probability P(m,l) of midpoints and lengths of ranges. We discuss a number of difficulties, in practice and in principle, using range‐based models, and show that the so‐called mid‐domain effect, a proposed null model for the effect of geometric constraint, is qualitatively a property of all biologically realistic models based on range overlap counts. As such, range‐based models provide little insight into understanding or explaining biogeographical patterns in species richness. We characterize the quantitative null model for range overlap counts in one dimension, for which we give a simple and direct field test based on P(m,l). We apply this test to a large clade in a complete bioregion (the Proteaceae of the Cape Floristic Region): geometric constraint does not explain the spatial pattern in this case. We show that any geometric constraint on species richness, including range overlap counts, must act via edge effects. Thus, to understand biogeographical patterns, an understanding of the effects and consequences of edges is fundamental.
Nanocrystalline silicon and carbon nanotube nanocomposites prepared by pulsed laser fragmentation

Abstract This paper outlines the synthesis of nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) by nanosecond pulsed laser fragmentation of Si micrograins in liquid solutions, and characterization of the products. We compare micrograin fragmentations in deionized water, and in undoped and phosphorus-doped ethylpolysilicate (C2H5O[SiO(C2H5O)2]n C2H5) based polymers. We show that dissolution and subsequent laser fragmentation of micrograins is more efficient in both polymeric media than in water. In the case of water, micrograin surface wetting by ethanol prior to introduction into water is essential to achieve fragmentation. Prepared nc-Si/polymer nanocomposites display visible photoluminescence (PL) (~430 nm) at room temperature. The phosphorus polymer induces a blue shift of the PL peak. In addition, induced shock waves generated at sufficiently high laser irradiation intensities (>4.3 mJ/pulse) cause carbon nanotube (CNT) cavities to be filled by freshly prepared luminescent nc-Si/polymer nanocomposite.
Decrease in Rice Production Due to Climate Change in West Java Indonesia

The impact of climate change can decrease in rice production. This paper informs results of study on decreasing in rice production due to climate change in Karawang West Java Indonesia. The study aims to assess level of the decreasing in rice production and identify areas that have high or very high level. This study used data of rainfall, temperature, sea level rise, droughts, floods, harvested area, land area, productivity and production of rice. The data was collected by observation, and survey in area of study, and some data get from Bureau of Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics and Central Bureau of Statistics. The data analyzed use empirical formulation. The results was presented in spatial maps using GIS software. The results of this study indicated that in Karawang West Java has experienced climate change that was showed by changing of rainfall patterns, rainy day, and distribution of annual rainfall. Annual rainfall has decreased that showed by some areas become drier. Decrease in rice harvested area in Karawang West Java was average of 77.0 ha per year. While decrease in rice production in that region was average of 926.1 tons per year. Based on the results can be concluded that climate change has founded and reduced harvested area and production of rice in Karawang West Java Indonesia.
Performance of Scalable Coding in Depth Domain

Common autostereoscopic 3D displays are based on multi-view projection. The diversity of resolutions and number of views of such displays implies a necessary flexibility of 3D content formats in order to make broadcasting efficient. Furthermore, distribution of content over a heterogeneous network should adapt to an available network capacity. Present scalable video coding provides the ability to adapt to network conditions; it allows for quality, temporal and spatial scaling of 2D video. Scalability for 3D data extends this list to the depth and the view domains. We have introduced scalability with respect to depth information. Our proposed scheme is based on the multi-view-plus-depth format where the center view data are preserved, and side views are extracted in enhancement layers depending on depth values. We investigate the performance of various layer assignment strategies: number of layers, and distribution of layers in depth, either based on equal number of pixels or histogram characteristics. We further consider the consequences to variable distortion due to encoder parameters. The results are evaluated considering their overall distortion verses bit rate, distortion per enhancement layer, as well as visual quality appearance. Scalability with respect to depth (and views) allows for an increased number of quality steps; the cost is a slight increase of required capacity for the whole sequence. The main advantage is, however, an improved quality for objects close to the viewer, even if overall quality is worse.