Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tumor-infiltrating cells as a prognostic factor in Hodgkin's lymphoma: A quantitative tissue microarray study in a large retrospective cohort of 267 patients

The present study aimed to describe the general tissular composition of the immune infiltrate observed in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and its possible relationship with clinical and survival prognostic factors. In this retrospective study of 267 HL patients, the relative proportions of infiltrating T lymphocytes (CD4 + , CD8 + ), natural killer cells (CD56 + , CD57 + ), cytotoxic cells (Granzyme B + , TIA-1 + ) and dendritic cells (CD21 + , S-100 + ) were quantified immunohistochemically with tissue microarray technology. Our results confirm the predominance of CD4 + T lymphocytes in the background of tumoral cells, in addition to a high number of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8, CD57 and TIA-1). Patients with low numbers of infiltrating CD8, CD56, CD57 + cells and high numbers of Granzyme B and TIA-1 + cells presented a significantly unfavourable clinical course (presence of leukocytosis, B symptoms, advanced clinical stage (III/IV), non-responding patients). A reduced infiltration of CD4 + T lymphocytes was related with the presence of Epstein – Barr virus. Significantly longer survival times were observed in patients with a high level of infiltrating CD57, as well as a low level of Granzyme B and TIA-1 + cells (log-rank test). When evaluated in a multivariate model, high levels of infiltrating TIA-1 and Granzyme B + cells were shown to be independent prognostic factors that negatively influenced overall survival. The presence of TIA-1 + cells was found to be the only unfavorable prognostic factor of event-free survival and disease-free survival. The overall detection of tumor-infiltrating cells in HL confirms the importance of cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration (Granzyme B and TIA-1 + cells) in these patients. Independently of the classical clinical and pathological features, these cells appear to be an unfavourable prognostic factor in HL and, more particularly, the presence of cytotoxic TIA-1 + cells.
Spatial and Temporal Organization of Adeno-Associated Virus DNA Replication in Live Cells

ABSTRACT Upon cell entry, the genomes of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and adenovirus (Ad) associate with distinct nuclear structures termed ND10 or promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies (NBs). PML NB morphology is altered or disrupted by specific viral proteins as replication proceeds. We examined whether adeno-associated virus (AAV) replication compartments also associate with PML NBs, and whether modification or disruption of these by HSV-1 or Ad, both of which are helper viruses for AAV, is necessary at all. Furthermore, to add a fourth dimension to our present view of AAV replication, we established an assay that allows visualization of AAV replication in live cells. A recombinant AAV containing 40 lac repressor binding sites between the AAV inverted terminal repeats was constructed. AAV Rep protein and helper virus-mediated replication of this recombinant AAV genome was visualized by binding of enhanced yellow fluorescent protein-lac repressor fusion protein to double-stranded AAV replication intermediates. We demonstrate in live cells that AAV DNA replication occurs in compartments which colocalize with AAV Rep. Early after infection, the replication compartments were small and varied in numbers from 2 to more than 40 per cell nucleus. Within 4 to 8 h, individual small replication compartments expanded and fused to larger structures which filled out much of the cell nucleus. We also show that AAV replication compartments can associate with modified PML NBs in Ad-infected cells. In wild-type HSV-1-infected cells, AAV replication compartments and PML NBs did not coexist, presumably because PML was completely disrupted by the HSV-1 ICP0 protein. However, alteration or disruption of PML appears not to be a prerequisite for AAV replication, as the formation of replication compartments was normal when the ICP0 mutants HSV-1 dl1403 and HSV-1 FXE, which do not affect PML NBs, were used as the helper viruses; under these conditions, AAV replication compartments did not associate with PML NBs.
"Fill-in-the-Form" Programming

This paper describes a new style of programming, called "fill-in-the-form" programming, for the development of interactive database applications. The applications being developed and the application development environment use the same form and menu interface. High level tools are provided to define interfaces for database query/update and for generating reports or graphs. Our experiences with two Systems that are based on this programming paradigm are described.
Statistical evaluation of PET motion correction methods using MR derived motion fields

Although there have been various proposed methods for motion correction in PET, there is not sufficient evidence to answer which method is better in terms of image quality and quantification. This study aims to characterize the behavior of the two main motion correction methods in terms of convergence and image properties. During the first method, reconstruct-transform-average (RTA), independent reconstructions of each gate are transformed to a reference gate and averaged. In the second method, motion-compensated image reconstruction (MCIR), all data are used with the motion information within a single reconstruction. The two methods are studied based on the OSEM algorithm. In this investigation motion fields were obtained from real dynamic MR acquisitions and concurrent PET data were simulated from the dynamic MR images. The two motion correction approaches were assessed statistically. Results indicate that MCIR is successful in the recovery of the true values of all regions, whereas RTA has high bias due to the non-negativity constraints and interpolation errors during transformation. It has been demonstrated that whilst at low iterations (i.e. 46 sub-iterations) the two methods have similar noise characteristics; at high iterations MCIR has increased noise. Finally, for low iterations the two methods have marginally similar coefficient of variation (CoV) whereas for large number of iterations RTA has clearly better CoV than MCIR. This study indicates that MCIR may provide superior performance overall to RTA providing the noise can be minimized.
A human thymocyte antigen defined by a hybrid myeloma monoclonal antibody

Spleen cells from a BALB/c mouse that had been immunized with human thymocytes were fused with the myeloma line P3‐NS1/1Ag 4.1. One of the resulting hybrid clones (NA1/34) secreted an antibody that was highly specific for human thymocytes. Eighty‐five % of thymocytes expressed the antigen designated HTA1. There were an estimated 15 × 104 molecules of HTA1 per cell, and it is therefore a major surface molecule. The expression of this antigen on thymocytes appears to be reciprocal to HLA, as recognized by another monoclonal antibody W6/32. Immunoprecipitated material from [125I]‐labeled thymocyte membranes was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate which disclosed a single component of 45 000 molecular weight.
Measurement of adhesive forces between S. epidermidis and fibronectin‐coated surfaces using optical tweezers

Biomaterial‐mediated infection, a common cause of medical device failure, is initiated by bacterial adhesion to an adsorbed protein layer on the implant surface. This adhesion is thought to be mediated by specific molecules present on the bacterial cell surface. Optical tweezers can be used to measure the adhesive force between a single bacterium and a protein‐coated surface.
Predicting Outcomes of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Patients with Affective and Neurotic Disorders

An attempt was made to predict outcomes following group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) for patients with affective and neurotic disorders.Agroup of 348 patients at a private psychiatric clinic, treated in a group CBT program, completed the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS) before and after treatment. Prior to treatment, data from the Locus of Control of Behavior (LCB), a Global Assessment of Function (GAF), the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS), and the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSE) were also collected. Results indicated that posttreatment stress scores of all patients were predicted by pretreatment stress and selfesteem. Among patients with neurotic disorders, posttreatment anxiety was predicted by initial anxiety and self-esteem whereas among patients with affective disorders, posttreatment anxiety scores were predicted by initial anxiety and GAF. For patients with neurotic disorders, selfesteem did not predict variance in posttreatment depression in addition to that explained by pretreatment depression. In contrast, for patients with affective disorders, pretreatment depression and Locus of Control predicted posttreatment depression.
Design a single-phase active power filter using indirect control scheme for photovoltaic system

During recent years due to the policy making at the international level as well as the policies adopted by the Ministry of Energy of Iran at the domestic level, the use of small photovoltaic generators has received priority by the household subscriber. Because such generators shown on-linear behavior resulting from uncertainty of the sunlight radiation, designing and employing active filters for them seems necessary. Accordingly, a single-phase parallel active filter has been designed for compensating the current and voltage harmonics of a photo voltaic system. The filter has been engineered through in direct method and for the adjustment of reference flow amplitude-that regulates the DC capacitor's voltage-a PI controller has been used. Also for controlling the output current of the parallel active filter with the lowest ripple, the hysteresis band current controller has been employed. In order to obtain a sinusoidal wave with reasonable THD, a passive low-pass filter has been used. Finally, the effects of the explained control pattern for the single-phase active filter and the photo voltaic system have been simulated using Matlab/Simulink software. Results from the simulation show that both voltage and current harmonics' values have considerably been improved and in some cases have been decreased about 80 percent.
Survey Nonresponse Bias Among Young Adults: The Role of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Drugs

The purpose of this study is to determine the role of alcohol, tobacco, and drug use as predictors of survey panel attrition among an occupational cohort of young adults in the U.S. military. Baseline data on substance use and sociodemographic factors were obtained from 2838 men and women through confidential, self-administered questionnaires while they attended Navy basic training or Officer Candidate School in 1998. Longitudinal follow-up using mailed self-administered questionnaires was begun in 2000. Multivariate logistic regression models were developed to estimate the odds of attrition in relation to baseline substance use. Results revealed that tobacco use was a significant predictor of attrition [Odds ratio (OR) = 1.63; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.37, 1.95]. A significant interaction between level of education and drug use indicated that respondents with less than a college education who were also drug users were at elevated risk for attrition (OR = 2.39; 95% CI 1.09, 5.28). Other significant predictors of panel attrition were male gender and younger age. Alcohol use was not significantly associated with attrition. The findings suggest that tobacco users and drug users with less than a college education may be an important source of nonresponse bias in longitudinal surveys of employed young adults.
Edge Detection Method for Latent Fingerprint Images Using Intuitionistic Type-2 Fuzzy Entropy

Abstract A latent fingerprint is an interesting issue because of it has attained from crime places and moreover contained a low quality image, less number of features and unwanted noises. It is necessity to extract the original image with exact boundary from the surface for further processing such as authentication, identification and matching. In this work, a new distance measure has been proposed for latent fingerprint edge detection using Intuitionistic Type-2 Fuzzy Entropy (IT2FE) and a comprehensible definition is made for Intuitionistic Type-2 Fuzzy Sets (IT2FS). IT2FS takes into account of uncertainty in the form of membership function which is also termed as Intuitionistic Type-2 Fuzzy Divergence (IT2FD). The experiment is conducted with public domain fingerprint databases such as FVC-2004 and IIIT-latent fingerprint. The edge detection is carried out with the proposed method and the results are discovered better regarding existing method.
Structure and blood supply of intrinsic lymph nodes in the wall of the rabbit urinary bladder—studies with light microscopy, electron microscopy, and vascular corrosion casting

The urinary bladder is especially subject to infection by virtue of its direct connection to the external urethral opening, and it is natural to anticipate the presence of a well‐developed immunological mechanism to respond to this potential threat. The present study describes small, very highly vascular lymph nodes located in the wall of the rabbit bladder, which may be involved in a local response to foreign antigens. The vasculature and structure of these lymph nodes was described using a combination of vascular corrosion casting, ink injection, and light and electron microscopy. The distal abdominal aorta was cannulated, and after clearing the bladder vasculature with buffered saline, one of the following procedures was used: 1) the bladder was perfuse‐fixed in preparation for light and electron microscopy; 2) the bladder vasculature was filled with India ink for vessel tracing; or 3) vascular corrosion casts of the vasculature were prepared by infusing resin comprised of a mixture of Mercox, methyl methacrylate monomer, and catalyst. The resulting casts were cleaned with KOH, formic acid, and water in preparation for scanning electron microscopy. Vascular casts and India ink injections revealed the presence of a number of isolated capillary tufts consisting of clusters of one to five “glomeruli,” closely associated with the major vesicular vessels along the lateral walls of the bladder, and supplied by tertiary branches of these vessels. Light and electron microscopy showed that the capillary tufts represented the blood supply to small, ovoid lymph nodes located near the serosal surface of the bladder wall and usually restricted to the basal half of the bladder. These nodes were encapsulated and exhibited subcapsular sinuses, numerous small blood vessels, a limited number of high endothelial cells, and, occasionally, nerves and a follicular substructure. The nodes contained abundant lymphocytes, stellate stromal cells, macrophages, and eosinophils, but lacked the obvious cortical and medullary organization and germinal centers often seen in larger lymph nodes. Vascular corrosion casts, vascular ink injections, and microscopic examination confirmed the presence of small, highly vascular lymph nodes closely associated with the main vesicular vessels along the lateral walls of the rabbit bladder. A follicular substructure of the nodes appears to correspond with the “glomerular” capillary arrangement within the nodes as seen with corrosion casts. The rich blood supply may be indicative of the high metabolic demand of lymphatic tissue, and may be altered in response to the level of activity of the node. The close association between the lymphatic tissue and the rich blood supply to the nodes may allow a rapid mobilization of lymphocytes during a local immune response to foreign agents. Anat. Rec. 252:477–484, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modeling and simulation of hybrid energy system for smart green building

This paper proposes the hybrid energy system for a smart green building. The hybrid energy system has the variety of power sources, such as photovoltaic generation systems, wind power generation systems, and diesel generator with energy storage systems. The energy storage system can be combined the battery and super-capacitor, and it can be optimized for the fuel consumption efficiency of the diesel generator to supply the stable power to loads. In this paper, it shows the modeling and control of each hybrid energy system and the simulation results to verify the optimized operation of diesel generator.
Molecular basis of host epithelial cell recognition by Trichomonas vaginalis

Parasitism of host epithelial cells by Trichomonas vaginalis is a highly specific event. Four trichomonad surface proteins (adhesins) with molecular masses of 65000 daltons (65kDa; AP65), 51 kDa (AP51), 33kDa (AP33), and 23 kDa (AP23) mediate the interaction of T. vaginalis with epithelial cells. Fresh isolates, when compared with long‐term‐grown isolates, had greater amounts of adhesins, which corresponded with increased levels of cytoadherence. Anti‐adhesin antibodies reacted by immunobiol only with the respective protein and detected, by indirect immunofluore‐scence, each adhesin on the parasite surface. These antibodies inhibited the binding of live parasites to epithelial cells and protected epithelial cells from contact‐dependent cytotoxicity. The pretreatment of epithelial cells with a preparation of purified adhesins also blocked trichomonal cytoadherence. Moreover, HeLa cells possessed molecules which recognized and bound to adhesins on nitrocellulose blots.
THE IMPACT OF RUNOFF GENERATION MECHANISMS ON THE LOCATION OF CRITICAL SOURCE AREAS 1

ABSTRACT: Identifying phosphorus (P) source areas and transport pathways is a key step in decreasing P loading to natural water systems. This study compared the effects of two modeled runoff generation processes ‐ saturation excess and infiltration excess ‐ on total phosphorus (TP) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations in 10 catchment streams of a Catskill mountain watershed in southeastern New York. The spatial distribution of runoff from forested land and agricultural land was generated for both runoff processes; results of both distributions were consistent with Soil Conservation Service‐Curve Number (SCS‐CN) theory. These spatial runoff distributions were then used to simulate stream concentrations of TP and SRP through a simple equation derived from an observed relation between P concentration and land use; empirical results indicate that TP and SRP concentrations increased with increasing percentage of agricultural land. Simulated TP and SRP stream concentrations predicted for the 10 catchments were strongly affected by the assumed runoff mechanism. The modeled TP and SRP concentrations produced by saturation excess distribution averaged 31 percent higher and 42 percent higher, respectively, than those produced by the infiltration excess distribution. Misrepresenting the primary runoff mechanism could not only produce erroneous concentrations, it could fail to correctly locate critical source areas for implementation of best management practices. Thus, identification of the primary runoff mechanism is critical in selection of appropriate models in the mitigation of nonpoint source pollution. Correct representation of runoff processes is also critical in the future development of biogeochemical transport models, especially those that address nutrient fluxes.
Diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium bacteremia by polymerase chain reaction

We describe a rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based test for diagnosing Mycobacterium avium directly from blood specimens. Blood was collected in anticoagulant (EDTA) from patients who also had blood cultures performed by the lysis-centrifugation method. Blood samples were centrifuged on a Ficoll-Hypaque gradient to purify peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The purified cells were washed and incubated in the presence of Chelex-100 (a divalent cation-binding resin), boiled to release mycobacterial DNA, and then amplified with M. avium-specific PCR primers. Amplification was detected by hybridization with radiolabelled probe, and the results were compared with the culture results. The PCR assay gave positive results for 12 of 15 specimens that were taken from patients with positive cultures for M. avium complex (sensitivity, 80%). The three PCR-negative specimens in this group showed evidence of PCR inhibition. The PCR assay gave positive results for 32 of 228 specimens taken from patients with negative cultures (specificity, 86%). Of these 32 PCR-positive culture-negative specimens, 27 were also positive when amplified with primers specific for the genus Mycobacterium, suggesting that PCR may be more sensitive than culture.
Sensorless vector control for hermetic reciprocating compressor

This paper presents a sensorless vector control algorithm applied to a hermetic reciprocating compressor of a conventional refrigeration system. The single-phase induction motor of conventional on/off refrigerator is driven in variable speed to improve the thermal performance of the system. A sensorless technique is necessary because the conventional speed sensor cannot be employed in the hermetic compressor. To overcome this drawback, a model reference adaptive-system is used to estimate the mechanical speed of a single-phase induction motor. The electrical parameters of machine are needed to set the speed estimator and to implement a vector control. The classical tests to obtain the electrical parameters are a difficult task in hermetic compressor. Thus, a recursive least-square algorithm is used for parameter identification. The high performance speed control of hermetic compressor is shown and the experimental results are provided and discussed to validate the proposed algorithm.
Intradiscal Pressure, Shear Strain, and Fiber Strain in the Intervertebral Disc Under Combined Loading

Study Design. Finite element study. Objective. To investigate intradiscal pressure, shear strain between anulus and adjacent endplates, and fiber strain in the anulus under pure and combined moments. Summary of Background Data. Concerning anulus failures such as fissures and disc prolapses, the mechanical response of the intervertebral disc during combined load situations is still not well understood. Methods. A 3-dimensional, nonlinear finite element model of a lumbar spinal segment L4–L5 was used. Pure unconstraint moments of 7.5 Nm in all anatomic planes with and without an axial preload of 500 N were applied to the upper vertebral body. The load direction was incrementally changed with an angle of 15° between the 3 anatomic planes to realize not only moments in the principle motion planes but also moment combinations. Results. Intradiscal pressure was highest in flexion and lowest in lateral bending. Load combinations did not increase the pressure. A combination of lateral bending plus flexion or lateral bending plus extension strongly increased the maximum shear strains. Lateral bending plus axial rotation yielded the highest increase in fiber strains, followed by axial rotation plus flexion or axial rotation plus extension. The highest shear and fiber strains were both located posterolaterally. An additional axial preload tended to increase the pressure, the shear, and fiber strains essentially for all load scenarios. Conclusions. Combined moments seem to lead to higher stresses in the disc, especially posterolaterally. This region might be more susceptible to disc failure and prolapses. These results may help clinicians better understand the mechanical causes of disc prolapses and may also be valuable in developing preventive clinical strategies and postoperative treatments.