Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure stability, mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of the new hexagonal ternary phase Ti2InB2 under pressure

ABSTRACT Recently, Wang et al. [Nat. Commun. 10 (2019) 2284] report a new compound, Ti2InB2, a stable boron-based ternary phase in the Ti-In-B system. This predicted compound is successfully synthesised using a solid-state reaction route and its space group is confirmed as (No. 187). In this work, the structural stability, mechanical properties, and thermal conductivity of the new hexagonal ternary phase Ti2InB2 under pressure up to 100 GPa have been carried out with first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. Our calculated lattice parameters in the ground state are consistent well with the theoretical prediction data. The calculations of elastic constants and phonon dispersion curves indicate that Ti2InB2 is mechanically and dynamically stable at least up to 100 GPa. Moreover, the pressure dependent elastic properties, such as bulk modulus B, shear modulus G, transverse sound velocity vt , longitudinal sound velocity vl , and Debye temperature Θ, are successfully obtained. It is found that Ti2InB2 behave in brittle manner under pressure up to 100 GPa. Meanwhile, the anisotropy of the directional linear compressibility and the Young’s modulus under pressure are also analysed for the first time. Finally, the minimum thermal conductivity of Ti2InB2 under different pressures are further evaluated by using both Clark’s model and Cahill’s model. The results show that Ti2InB2 exhibits relatively low thermal conductivity in the ground state and is suitable to be used as thermal insulating materials.
Prior exposure to conspecific chemical cues affects predator recognition in larval common toad (Bufo bufo)

In a laboratory experiment, we investigated the role played by conspecific chemical cues in the acquisition of chemical recognition of an unfamiliar predator by common toad tadpoles, Bufo bufo. During a ten-day period, we assigned one group of tadpoles to a control (unexposed) and five other groups to different conditioning treatments involving exposure to either an allopatric predatory crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus), or a sympatric harmless gastropod (Lymnaea stagnalis). We kept the caged crayfish under three conditions: i) starved, ii) starved in combination with cues from crushed tadpoles, or iii) fed with toad tadpoles. In the same way, we kept the caged pond snails either alone or paired with cues from crushed tadpoles. After exposure, we carried out behaviour measurements to assess the effects of conditioning treatments on the behavioural responses to chemical cues from starved crayfish, pond snails and crushed conspecifics. Test solutions from starved crayfish and snails produced a significant decrease in the percentage of moving tadpoles, a known antipredator response, but only in the two groups of tadpoles previously exposed to these organisms in combination with cues from crushed conspecifics. These results indicate that Bufo bufo tadpoles can leam to recognize an organism as representing a predation risk based on a prior association between the chemical stimuli from that organism and the chemical cues from damaged conspecifics.
Older people's views about ageing well in a rural community

Abstract Maintaining physical, psychological and social wellbeing is integral to older adults being able to age well in their community. Therefore, an environment that facilitates and supports ageing well is imperative. The aim of this study was to explore the views of older people about their preparation for ageing well in a rural community. Forty-nine community-dwelling older people aged between 65 and 93 years participated in a semi-structured and digitally recorded interview. The resulting qualitative data were analysed using a thematic approach. Three main themes were identified: (a) ‘sensible planning: the right place and the right people’; (b) ‘remaining independent: “it's up to me”’; and (c) ‘facing challenges: “accepting my lot”’. Findings from this study identify that across all age groups, these older people were actively and realistically preparing for ageing well. All valued their independence, believing individually they were responsible for being independent and planning for their future. Consequently, environmental planners, policy makers and practitioners need to understand that older people are a heterogeneous group and ageing policies should be geared towards older people's individual abilities and circumstances. Consideration of diversity enables inclusion of older people with a wide range of abilities and needs to achieve the perceived goals of ageing well.
Phylogenetics of Dilleniaceae Using Sequence Data from Four Plastid Loci (rbcL, infA, rps4, rpl16 Intron)

Dilleniaceae are an angiosperm family consisting of 10–14 genera and ∼500 described species, with a pantropical distribution extending into temperate Australia. This study addresses the infrafamilial relationships of Dilleniaceae with nucleotide sequence data from the plastid loci rbcL, infA, rps4, and the rpl16 intron. Analyses of these data using maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods resolve Tetracera, the only pantropical genus in the family, as sister to all other Dilleniaceae. Within the clade of Dilleniaceae exclusive of Tetracera, the New World endemic genera form a clade that is sister to a clade composed of the Old World endemic genera. The latter contains two major subclades: (1) a clade containing Acrotrema, Dillenia, and Schumacheria and (2) a clade containing Hibbertia and its satellite genera, Adrastaea and Pachynema, which are embedded within Hibbertia. Ancestral‐state reconstructions of six morphological characters of both biological and taxonomic significance within Dilleniaceae suggest hypotheses of polarity or lability for each that differ substantially from those based on evolutionary trends. Perforation plate–type evolution within Dilleniaceae is equivocal, but the large majority of most parsimonious reconstructions suggest that simple perforation plates are plesiomorphic. Poorly organized leaf venation architecture is synapomorphic for Hibbertia s.l. Floral morphological features classically regarded as primitive, such as exceptionally large numbers of stamens (200+) and numerous carpels (more than isomerous with the corolla), are clearly derived within Dilleniaceae and are features of uncommon occurrence within the family as a whole. Both multicarpellate, synorganized gynoecia and monosymmetric androecia have multiple origins within the family. A new classification of Dilleniaceae is outlined, and nomenclatural changes necessitated by the phylogenetic results are provided.
Feature recognition and detection for road damage based on intelligent inspection terminal

Roads are important parts of infrastructure. The detection of road condition plays an important role for the traffic safety. Vehicles, weather and other factors will cause different types of damage to the road surface. To avoid this happening, the commonly used method is manual inventory at present, which is time-consuming, laborious and easily leads to omissions. In order to overcome these shortcomings, this paper presents a method of road damage detection based on machine vision, which is more efficient and relatively cheap. To realize the method, the author used the Raspberry Pi, acceleration sensor, GPS module, Neural Compute Stick and camera to complete the design of intelligent inspection terminal. Then the author investigated the common types of road damage, including long strip cracks, reticulation cracks, potholes, and rutting. After that, an SSD-mobilenet architecture was modified and a database including a large number of images for different types of damage was built. The SSD-mobilenet was trained and validated with the built database. Transplanting the SSD-mobilenet to the intelligent inspection terminal, which could realize the road damage detection based on machine vision. The result shows 80.87% average precision (AP) ratings for different types of damage and proves the proposed method is effective.
Abiotic Factors and Insect Abundance

1 Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54 124 Thessaloniki, Greece 2 Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokoy Street, N. Ionia, 38446 Magnisia, Greece 3Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, S. Delta 8, 14561 Kifissia, Greece 4 Laboratoire Evolution Genomes Speciation, IRD/CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, BP 1, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198 Paris Cedex, France
Ontogeny of intestinal motility in correlation to neuronal development in zebrafish embryos and larvae

For the first time, spontaneous intestinal activity was demonstrated and quantified before the onset of exogenous feeding in zebrafish Danio rerio embryos and larvae in vivo, using digital motion analysis. At 3 days post fertilization (dpf), erratic and spontaneous contraction waves were observed in the gut. Later (4-7 dpf), more distinct contraction patterns were distinguished, and anterograde and retrograde contraction waves projecting anally and orally along the intestine, respectively, as well as local rectal contraction waves could be identified and quantified. The frequency of both anterograde intestinal and local rectal contractions increased significantly during the first days of development. There was a tendency towards shorter anterograde contraction waves in the first dpf stage investigated, but the velocity of the waves did not differ significantly between the different dpf stages. The presence of developing neurones in the gut of zebrafish was established using immunohistochemistry, staining for a suite of marker proteins (Hu C/D, HNK-1 and acetylated tubulin). Structural neurones were present in the developing gut from the first dpf stage investigated (2 dpf). In conclusion, during the period (3-7 dpf) when erratic contraction waves turn into a more organized pattern of motility there is also a pronounced development of the innervation, suggesting a correlation in time of the development of gut motility and its neuronal control.
A Structural Approach to the Function of Buttresses of Quararibea Asterolepis

Buttresses of lowland tropical forest trees have long been thought to serve as structural supports. This morphometrical study of the buttresses and other characteristics of Quararibea asterolepis demonstrates and describes the nature of the support role played by buttresses. Buttresses tend to grow on the side of the tree that faces the prevailing winds, thereby functioning as tension members that help prevent the tree from being blown over. The buttresses become proportionately larger as the tree grows, providing the tree with greater support as its crown becomes exposed to the stronger winds of the upper forest canopy. In particular, buttress height increases much faster than tree height. This disproportionate increase reduces by °15% the potential vulnerability of the trunk to snapping or twisting under stress due to winds. On the other hand, no specific relationship independent of tree size can be demonstrated between the length of a buttress and the radius of the crown above or opposite that buttress. There is thus no evidence that buttresses counteract stresses due to crown asymmetries of a particular trees.
GC‐MS and antioxidant capacity analyses of cowpea seeds oils

Purpose – The cowpea plant, being affordable and protein‐rich, is considered poor man's meat. The aim of this paper is to undertake a detailed investigation regarding in vitro total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and chemical constituents of the vegetable oils from seeds of this plant, taking its nutritional value into consideration.Design/methodology/approach – Vegetable oils of different indigenous cowpea varieties were obtained using soxhelt extraction assembly and subjected to GC‐MS analyses and various antioxidant assays including 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulpohonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation scavenging, ferr, 2.2′‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging, total phenolic contents (TPC), lipid peroxidation inhibition, and iron chelation activity.Findings – Various chemical constituents including different hydrocarbons, tocopherols, ketones, fatty esters, estragole and cedrene were identified. TPCs were found to be 5.439, 5.7279, 7.6126, 6.7573 and 10.0591 mg/L gallic acid equival.
Comparing two approaches for evaluating a floorplan’s ability to change: SAGA and AOM

An open floorplan is often cited as a key factor in the ability to adapt a building. This paper compares and contrasts two recently created approaches for quantifying the adaptability of floorplans. The Spatial Assessment of Generality and Adaptability (SAGA) method is based on graph theory and can be used to calculate the “generality” and “adaptability” of floorplans. Generality is the passive ability to accommodate different programs, whereas adaptability is the ability to accommodate different programs through active change. SAGA focuses on the configuration of spaces in a floor plan and their relationships with each other. The second method, Areal Openness Model (AOM), utilizes basic arithmetic, geometry, and a set of user-defined value judgements to calculate the Openness Score (OS), Weighted Openness Score (WOS), and Openness Potential (OP) of floorplans. OS indicates the lack of obstructions (walls, columns, chases) in a floorplan. WOS is a composite indicator which considers the number of obstructions and the difficulty of removing them. OP is the arithmetic difference between OS and WOS and indicates the potential of a floorplan to become more open. The authors used five case study buildings from university campuses in the USA to compare and contrast the SAGA and AOM approaches. This paper’s objective is to evaluate if the methods are complementary or redundant.
The effects of circadian disturbances induced by night shifts on the mouse peripheral tissues

Abstract We have examined the effect of circadian disturbances induced by night shifts (NSs) on the phenotypes of the tibiae and abdominal adipose tissues (ADTs) in a mouse model by using in vivo micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). We found that the volumes of total and visceral ADTs in the night-shifted group of mice were significantly larger (69 and 92%, respectively) than those in the control. The mean polar moment of inertia, cross-sectional thickness, and bone mineral density of the cortical bone in the night-shifted group of mice were less (13, 5, and 3%, respectively) than those in the control. Moreover, the volume and the thickness of growth plates (GPs) of the tibiae in the night-shifted mice were significantly smaller (22 and 20%, respectively) than those in the control. Taken together, our results indicate that disturbances in the mouse circadian rhythms induced by NSs affect the morphological characteristics of cortical bone, the volume and the thickness of GPs, and the volume of ADTs.
The Disribution of Pseudomys shortridgei (Muridae : Rodentia ) and its Relevance to that of other Heathland Pseudomys

Pseudomyine rodents today often show extremely restricted and disjunct distributions, yet evidence from subfossil deposits suggest these species were widely dispersed and abundant in Recent times. Previous explanations for this decline such as a widespread epidemic, climatic change, and competition with introduced rodents appear inadequate. A new survey technique was used to determine habitat preferences of small mammals in the Grampians region in western Victoria. The distribution of Pseudomys shovtvidgei was demonstrated to be principally confined to floristically rich treeless heath communities. This animal appeared to require the consistent presence within its habitat of a number of plant species, whose availability depends upon a specific fire regime. The habitat requirements of Pseudomys albocinereus and P. novaehollandiae are similar to those of P. shortridgei. Such close habitat association suggests that a change in vegetation may be catastrophic to the small mammal species. A relationship between the alteration and alienation of the Australian environment by European man, and the decline of the pseudomyines, is postulated.
Investigation of Antioxidant Activity and Physicochemical Properties of Local and Branded Honeys in Sindh, Pakistan

The honey is a sweetest natural products because it have unique properties, which honey bees are collect from dissimilar plants materials. The honey is used as a nutritional purposes for human consumption and also use for medicinal and industrial purposes. The honey also an important product in the international markets. The present study was conducted to analyzed the physicochemical and antioxidant activities of different honey samples in Sindh Pakistan. The 15 honey samples were analyzed for parameters including pH, electrical conductivity, moisture, viscosity, ash%, density and antioxidant activity. The average value of pH was founded 3.78 electrical conductivity 2492 μS/cm, viscosity 12.34 mpa, moisture 15.99%, density 0.78 and average value of antioxidant activity was founded 19.12 mg/100g.
Effectiveness, Safety, and Sustainability of a Hand Water Pump Among Women Vegetable Farmers in the Gambia

Women vegetable farmers (n = 48) in West Africa engaged in timed trials with a hand water pump and traditional water lifting methods. Use of the water pump increased the mean time required to lift water by 14% (p < 0.01), compared to traditional lifting. Average and maximum heart rates increased by 7% and 6%, respectively (each p < 0.01), compared to traditional water lifting. Discomfort and injury indicators were consistently better for the pump. Two months later, most subjects reported that the water pump was safer (65%), faster (77%), and was preferred (77%). Manual water pumps should be comprehensively evaluated for efficiency and long-term sustainability.
El desarrollo de las competencias orales en el Grado en Derecho a través de la participación en competiciones de arbitraje (moot courts)

En el marco del proceso de aprendizaje basado en competencias y su implantacion en el Grado en Derecho de la Universitat Jaume I, la Competicion Internacional de Arbitraje y Derecho Mercantil (en adelante, MOOTmadrid), organizada por la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid y la Comision de las Naciones Unidas para el Derecho Mercantil Internacional (CNUDMI/UNCITRAL) constituye una herramienta didactica adecuada para la adquisicion o el desarrollo de algunas de las competencias propias de la titulacion, entre las que ocupan un lugar destacado las competencias orales. Asi, el presente articulo analiza el desarrollo de la capacidad oral a traves de la participacion de los estudiantes en la simulacion de procedimientos arbitrales, utilizando para ello un cuestionario de opinion de elaboracion propia, para realizar a continuacion propuestas de mejora en la metodologia docente con el fin de potenciar el apropiado desarrollo de dichas competencias de cara a ediciones futuras de la competicion.
Characterisation of Antimicrobial Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria from Malted Barley

Thirty-three putative inhibitor-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from malted barley based on their ability to inhibit growth of two indicator strains. Eleven of the inhibitor-producing LAB produced an antimicrobial activity which was active across a wide pH range, relatively insensitive to heat treatment while sensitive to treatment with proteolytic enzymes indicating that the inhibitory compounds are proteinaceous in nature and therefore bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances. Ten of these eleven malt isolates were observed to secrete the inhibitory compounds into the cell-free supernatant with optimal production occurring in the late exponential growth phase. The inhibitory spectra of these isolates included various Gram-positive bacteria among which a variety of beer-spoiling bacteria.
Effects of non‐steady‐state iron limitation on nitrogen assimilatory enzymes in the marine diatom thalassiosira weissflogii (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE)

Since the recognition of iron‐limited high nitrate (or nutrient) low chlorophyll (HNLC) regions of the ocean, low iron availability has been hypothesized to limit the assimilation of nitrate by diatoms. To determine the influence of non‐steady‐state iron availability on nitrogen assimilatory enzymes, cultures of Thalassiosira weissflogii (Grunow) Fryxell et Hasle were grown under iron‐limited and iron‐replete conditions using artificial seawater medium. Iron‐limited cultures suffered from decreased efficiency of PSII as indicated by the DCMU‐induced variable fluorescence signal (Fv/Fm). Under iron‐replete conditions, in vitro nitrate reductase (NR) activity was rate limiting to nitrogen assimilation and in vitro nitrite reductase (NiR) activity was 50‐fold higher. Under iron limitation, cultures excreted up to 100 fmol NO2−·cell−1·d−1 (about 10% of incorporated N) and NiR activities declined by 50‐fold while internal NO2− pools remained relatively constant. Activities of both NR and NiR remained in excess of nitrogen incorporation rates throughout iron‐limited growth. One possible explanation is that the supply of photosynthetically derived reductant to NiR may be responsible for the limitation of nitrogen assimilation at the NO2− reduction step. Urease activity showed no response to iron limitation. Carbon:nitrogen ratios were equivalent in both iron conditions, indicating that, relative to carbon, nitrogen was assimilated at similar rates whether iron was limiting growth or not. We hypothesize that, diatoms in HNLC regions are not deficient in their ability to assimilate nitrate when they are iron limited. Rather, it appears that diatoms are limited in their ability to process photons within the photosynthetic electron transport chain which results in nitrite reduction becoming the rate‐limiting step in nitrogenassimilation.
Change of Serratus Anterior Muscle Thickness According to Knee Flexion Angle During Knee-Push Up Plus Exercise on Sling.

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare the change of thickness of serratus anterior muscle to different angles of knee flexion when knee push up plus (KPP) exercise is conducting on an unstable surface (sling). Method/Statistical Analysis: There were 30 healthy young male and female students randomly selected and divided into 3 different groups along different knee flexion angles on an unstable surface (sling). The three groups of ten did KPP exercises on the sling. The muscle was measured before and after the exercise.Findings: All three groups showed some changes in the thickness of the muscle. The group with the biggest change was the 60° knee flexion, followed by 75° and 90° groups.Improvements/Applications: Based on the results, all experimental groups showed some differences with KPP exercise conducted on an unstable surface (sling) and especially the group with the lowest angle had the most effect. Therefore, it is concerned that a lower knee flexion angle can be more effective on the KPP exercise.