Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validation of an Abbreviated Pharmacokinetic Profile for the Estimation of Mycophenolic Acid Exposure in Pediatric Renal Transplant Recipients*

The pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid (MPA), the active moiety of the immunosuppressant mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), exhibits large inter-individual variability. Concentration-controlled dosing of MMF based on therapeutic drug monitoring may therefore be advantageous compared to a fixed-dose regimen. Because full AUC0-12 monitoring is not practical and predose MPA concentrations correlate only moderately with the corresponding AUC0-12, the estimation of MPA exposure by a limited sampling strategy has been suggested. However, before such an algorithm is transferred to clinical practice, it is compulsory to prospectively validate it in a different data set, in order to avoid biased results. The aim of this investigation was therefore to prospectively validate an algorithm based on an abbreviated pharmacokinetic (PK) profile for the estimation of MPA exposure in 54 pediatric renal transplant recipients (169 PK profiles) on MMF in conjunction with CsA and prednisone on a second data set in a different group of patients with a similar immunosuppressive regimen (25 patients, 119 PK profiles). An algorithm based on three PK sampling timepoints during the first 2 hours after MMF dosing (estimated AUC0-12 = 18.6 + 4.3 · C0 + 0.54 · C0.5 + 2.15 · C2) was able to predict the corresponding MPA-AUC0-12 with a low percentage prediction error (10.7%) and an acceptable coefficient of determination (r2 = 0.76). The performance of this algorithm was comparable among different pediatric age groups. By ROC curve analysis, the calculated MPA-AUC0-12 based on this algorithm was able to differentiate between rejecters and non-rejecters with a comparable prognostic sensitivity (66.7%) and specificity (61.9%) as the full-time MPA-AUC0-12. In conclusion, the use of this validated algorithm for the estimation of MPA exposure based on a limited sampling strategy during the first 2 hours after MMF dosing has the potential to optimize MMF therapy in pediatric renal transplant recipients.
Power integrity design for package-board system based on BGA

To reduce the coupling noise from the substrate, the power integrity (PI) analysis for the power distribution network (PDN) is becoming more and more important in today's package-board system design. Based on the ANSYS software, resonance and impedance of PDN were simulated firstly. And then the simultaneous switching noise (SSN) of the simulated circuit was done. By using target impedance design method, the parameters and the position of the decoupling capacitors were carefully designed. After comparing the initial simulation results of PDN impedance and resonance with those of optimized ones, the power ripple noise is obviously reduced.
Crystallographic Features of Copper Column Growth by Reversible Pulse Current Electrodeposition

Interconnection with single crystal could be attractive for more reliable, predictable and multifunctional electronics assembly at micro-to nano-scale, if each crystal joint has the same crystal structure and orientation. To achieve single crystal copper column growth, electrodeposition has been carried out with the assistance of reversible pulse plating techniques. Initial experiments to understand how plating process will influence the crystal growth provided a guidance for electrodeposition of single crystal copper columns. It has been found that reversible pulse current in large degree changed the morphology of electrodeposited copper compared to the direct current electrodeposition. Pulse parameter such as peak current density and frequency also affected the crystal growth and morphology of copper column formation. It has appeared that achieving single crystal growth by pulse plating alone is found to be less successful. Therefore, the challenges still exist to achieve single crystal copper column formation by electrodeposition. The possible future approaches may consider the related techniques including substrate treatment prior to deposition and ultrasonic agitation during deposition would be beneficial to eliminate the sites of nucleation.
A review of the utility of soluble peptide combinatorial libraries

This is paper reviews the preparation and use of soluble synthetic combinatorial libraries (SCLs) made up of millions of peptide and nonpeptide sequences for the identification of highly active individual compounds. First presented in 1991. SCLs have been prepared in a number of different lengths and formats, and are composed entirely of L‐, D‐, and unnatural amino acids. Also, existing peptide libraries have been chemically transformed to yield large diversities of nonpeptidic compounds. This review encompasses the published work from this laboratory using SCLs for the identification of antigenic sequences recognized by monoclonal antibodies, novel peptide agonists and antagonists to opioid receptors, new trypsin inhibitors, novel antibacterials, and compounds that inhibit melittin's hemolytic activity. SCLs offer a fundamental, practical advance in the study of interactions between peptide and nonpeptide sequences and their biochemical or pharmacological targets. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Brief Report: The Utilization of Influencing Tactics for the Implementation of Infection Control Policies

In the prevention of nosocomial infection, it is important to understand its epidemiology and pathogenesis. Only then are we able to formulate appropriate preventive methods for the various types of infection. However, in recent years there has been growing recognition that the implementation of preventive measures is often only possible when behavioral change occurs. In fact, an appreciation of behavioral change principles is critical for infection control nurses (ICNs) because most preventable nosocomial infections are related to inappropriate patient care practices. Procedures for prevention are often simple (e.g., washing hands), but compliance can be extremely difficult to enforce in the hospital.
Additional Breast Ultrasound Examinations in Clustered Calcifications: for Improving Diagnostic Performance

Purpose: We wanted to determine whether additional breast ultrasound examinations are needed for patients who have clustered calcifications found by mammography for the detection of breast carcinomas. Methods: We performed targeted ultrasound examinations in 125 consecutive patients who had clustered calcifications found by mammography. Fortyeight pathologically proven patients with 61 breast lesions were included in this study (26 invasive carcinomas, 10 ductal carcinomas in situ and 25 benign diseases). Two breast radiologists evaluated the mammography and the ultrasound findings and they graded the probability of malignancy by consensus as follows: definitely benign 1, probably benign 2, probably malignant 3, and definitely malignant 4. The diagnostic performance values, including the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value, for mammography and additional ultrasound were compared using McNemar’s test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. On the ROC analysis, areas under the ROC curves (AUC) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for making the diagnosis of breast carcinoma by mammography were 88.9%, 12.0%, 57.4%, 59.3%, and 42.9% and those for additional ultrasound were 94.4%, 64.0%, 82.0%, 79.1%, and 88.9%, respectively. The differences of specificity and accuracy were statistically significant (p=0.0003). On the ROC analysis, ACU were significantly different between mammography (AUC=0.586, 95% CI=0.453-0.711) and ultrasound (AUC=0.823, 95% CI=0.704-0.909) (p=0.003). Clustered calcifications with associated masses or ductal changes on additional breast ultrasound had high frequency of malignancies, 79% or 73%. In addition, 87% of malignant masses were invasive carcinomas and 45% of malignant ductal changes were ductal carcinomas in situ. Conclusion: Additional breast ultrasound examinations for the lesions with clustered calcifications on mammography can improve the diagnostic performance and significantly contribute to the specificity and accuracy of a diagnosis of breast carcinoma. In addition, the ultrasound features may predict the pathologic findings such as benignity or malignancy and invasive carcinoma or ductal carcinoma in situ.
EFFECT OF EARLY LEAD EXPOSURE ON CHILDREN'S POSTURAL BALANCE

This study investigated the effect of chronic exposure to lead on children's ability to maintain upright postural balance as a biological marker of lead‐induced modifications of the neuromotor system. For this study, 162 six‐year‐old children, with a five‐year geometric mean lead concentration in blood of 11. 9μg/dL (range 4.0–28.0μg/dL), were tested for postural balance with a microprocessor‐based force platform system. An increase in blood lead was significantly associated with an increase in the variable postural sway–implying poorer postural balance. This association was not influenced by socio‐economic, racial or environmental factors. This simple, objective and quick technique may be useful for assessing gross motor functions in children who are at or below the United Slates Centers for Disease Control's class III category and/or for monitoring the effectiveness of medical interventions aimed at reversing lead‐associated impairment of upright postural balance.
An NRD guide excited millimeter wave narrow bandpass filter using whispering gallery mode high-Q resonators

We focused on an NRD guide and the Whispering Gallery (WG) mode high Q sapphire resonator which have the excellent low loss characteristics in millimeter wave region. In this paper, the NRD guide excited millimeter wave narrow bandpass filter using WG mode sapphire resonators was designed and fabricated. As a result, it was reali%ed that the 3-pole bandpass filter with center frequency 58.64GH% and 3dB bandwidth 273MH%. Moreover, its insertion loss was found to be about 1.5dB.
Attitudes about breast cancer and mammography: racial, income, and educational differences.

This study examined the effect of race, income, and education on perceived susceptibility to and control over breast cancer, perceived benefits of and barriers to mammography, and knowledge about breast cancer and mammography use, in addition to determining if predictors for mammography use differed between races. Self-reported mailed survey data were obtained from a convenience sample of 1083 church women (78% Caucasian, 22% African-American) > or = 50 years with no history of breast cancer. ANOVA identified higher susceptibility and lower knowledge scores for African-American women; higher knowledge scores for upper income women of both races; interactions between race and income for benefits and perceived control; and interactions between race and education for barriers. African-American women were more likely to regard fear of radiation as a barrier to mammography (OR = .34; CI = .20, .57) and were more likely to worry about getting breast cancer (OR = .50; CI = .30, .82). Caucasian women were more likely to regard cost as a barrier (OR = 2.36, CI = 1.27, 4.40). For both races, variables predictive of ever having a mammogram were perceived control (White: OR = .69, CI = .54, .88; Black: OR = .50, CI = .38, .92), perceived barriers (White: OR = .88, CI = .83, .95; Black: OR = .75, CI = .64, .88), and knowledge (White: OR = 1.18, CI = 1.04, 1.33; Black: OR = 1.28, CI = 1.02, 1.61). Perceived benefits was predictive only for Caucasians (OR = 1.71, CI = 1.42, 2.06). Racial differences in perceived barriers to mammography and findings about the knowledge differences related to race, income, and education provide direction for health education efforts. The significance of cost factors for Caucasian and low-income women suggest that access barriers remain despite increased use of mammography.
Exploring gas permeability of lipid membranes using coarse-grained molecular dynamics

Molecular transport through biological membranes occurs in a range of interesting processes. To understand basic permeation functions of a biomembrane, we have carried out molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) as the bilayer membrane. By reducing the degrees of freedom and employing suitable potentials, a coarse-grained (CG) model can provide direct insight into collective phenomena in biological membranes at longer time and length scales. We used a CG model for DPPC bilayer, which had been parametrised to mimic fundamental structural properties. The permeation process of small molecules such as Xe, O2 and CO2 through the lipid bilayers was investigated. The density profiles and the local diffusion coefficients of the permeating gases across the bilayer membranes are obtained from the MD simulations. By studying gas molecules permeating through the lipid bilayer, we obtain an improved understanding of transport processes across membranes in biological systems in the absence of specialised channels. We also explore conditions that will give better control of the gas permeability and the possibility of membrane applications in environment-friendly separation processes.
Software design of transperineal prostate needle biopsy robot

This paper focuses on introducing the software design of a robotic system for accurate and consistent insertion of a percutaneous biopsy needle into the prostate guided by transrectal ultrasound images. A set of software modules in the main computer system is designed to guide the urologist to control the biopsy robot and biopsy process. This system functionally undertakes the control of image acquisition, interaction with the urologist for prostate boundary delineation, puncture point planning and biopsy point definition on 2D image (ultrasound) slices. 3D visualization of the prostate surface, needle, biopsy point and needle trajectory is also performed by the software. The system calculates the required parameters of the needle's trajectory and guides the urologist in maneuvering the robot to perform the biopsy. System performance and experimental results are presented at the end.
Lexicalized vs. Delexicalized Parsing in Low-Resource Scenarios

We present a systematic analysis of lexicalized vs. delexicalized parsing in low-resource scenarios, and propose a methodology to choose one method over another under certain conditions. We create a set of simulation experiments on 41 languages and apply our findings to 9 low-resource languages. Experimental results show that our methodology chooses the best approach in 8 out of 9 cases.
Resonance fluorescence from a telecom-wavelength quantum dot

We report on resonance fluorescence from a single quantum dot emitting at telecom wavelengths. We perform high-resolution spectroscopy and observe the Mollow triplet in the Rabi regime—a hallmark of resonance fluorescence. The measured resonance-fluorescence spectra allow us to rule out pure dephasing as a significant decoherence mechanism in these quantum dots. Combined with numerical simulations, the experimental results provide robust characterisation of charge noise in the environment of the quantum dot. Resonant control of the quantum dot opens up new possibilities for the on-demand generation of indistinguishable single photons at telecom wavelengths as well as quantum optics experiments and direct manipulation of solid-state qubits in telecom-wavelength quantum dots.
Changes in consonant perception driven by adaptation of vowel production to altered auditory feedback

Adaptation to altered auditory feedback has been shown to induce subsequent shifts in perception. However, it is uncertain whether these perceptual changes may generalize to other speech sounds. In this experiment, we tested whether exposing the production of a vowel to altered auditory feedback affects perceptual categorization of a consonant distinction. In two sessions, participants produced CVC words containing the vowel /i/, while intermittently categorizing stimuli drawn from a continuum between "see" and "she. " In the first session feedback was unaltered, while in the second session the formants of the vowel were shifted 20% towards /u/. Adaptation to the altered vowel was found to reduce the proportion of perceived /S/ stimuli. We suggest that this reflects an alteration to the sensorimotor mapping that is shared between vowels and conso-
Marine diatom Navicula jeffreyi from biochemical composition and physico-chemical surface properties to understanding the first step of benthic biofilm formation

To understand the first step of marine benthic microbial mat formation and biofouling phenomena, caused by diatoms in the marine environment, the surface properties of the epipelic diatom Navicula jeffreyi were studied and the composition of its bound Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) was determined. These parameters are determining factors for the initial adhesion step of diatoms to other constituents that start marine fouling. Surface energy of a diatom cell layer was determined using the sessile drop technique and highlights that diatoms show a moderate hydrophobic character (contact angle with water >68°), no Lewis acid character (γ+ <1 mJ/m²), and a low Lewis basic character (γ− = 16.1 mJ/m²). An extraction procedure using a cationic resin subtracted only the bound EPS. Biochemical assays showed that there were 2.5 times more proteins than sugars. The propensity of Navicula jeffreyi diatom to adhere to five different solid surfaces, showing a gradient in their hydrophobic and hydrophilic character, was measured. The attachment densities were high on hydrophobic surfaces such as polytetrafluoroethylene and very low on substrata with surface free energy over 40–50 mJ/m². Using a thermodynamic approach, the free energy of adhesion of the diatom to the five substrata was determined, and led to a very strong correlation with attachment densities for polytetrafluoroethylene, polyamide, polyethylene, and stainless steel.
Data Extraction and Annotation for Web Databases using Multiple Annotators Approach- A Review

contain huge amount of information on Web sites the user can retrieve this with help of the search input query to Web databases & fetch the relevant information. Perhaps Web databases return the multiple search output records dynamically on Web browser, these search record are containing the Deep Web pages in the form of HTML pages. It is time consuming &human efforts are involved. The traditional search engine does not index the hidden Web pages from Web databases, such as (Google, Yahoo etc.). Many existing proposed techniques have addressed the problem of how to extract efficient structure data from Deep Web. The deep web refers to the hidden database used by web sites. But the information extraction & annotation is key challenge in web mining. The information retrieval should be done automatically & arrange in a systematic way for further processing. Various methodologies like wrapper induction is been induced. The labeling is done to the extracted information as per the concept.Various types of annotators are used on the basis of the data to be annotated. In this paper survey the automatic annotation approach on the basis of different feature of text node and data units.
Body Habitus Changes and Metabolic Alterations in Protease Inhibitor‐Naive HIV‐1‐Infected Patients Treated With Two Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

&NA; Background: Cross‐sectional and retrospective surveys suggest that nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) contribute to the metabolic and morphologic alterations observed in patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Objectives: To assess the risk of developing body habitus changes (BHCs) and metabolic abnormalities in protease inhibitor (PI)‐naive HIV‐1‐infected patients treated with two NRTIs, and the risk associated with each of these drugs. Design: Prospective cohort study. Patients and Methods: The BHCs occurring in 335 patients treated with two NRTIs were evaluated every 3 months. The laboratory tests included determination of CD4 cell counts and the measurement of HIV RNA, serum glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Cox proportional hazard models were used to describe the factors associated with the development of BHCs. Results: During a median exposure of 747.5 days, 46 patients (13.7%) developed BHCs: nine fat accumulation alone, 12 fat loss alone, and 25 combined fat loss and accumulation in different body regions. Fat loss alone occurred after a significantly longer median duration of treatment than the other two forms (p = .004). The risk of developing any BHC was significantly higher in female patients (p < .0001). Fat loss was the prevalent alteration in males. Hypertriglyceridemia was observed in 76 patients (22.7%), hypercholesterolemia in 35 (10.5%), and hyperglycemia in 48 (14.3%). The adjusted risk of developing hypertriglyceridemia was higher in the stavudinetreated patients (p = .04) and in those who had previously received ART (p = .02). The only independent factor associated with the development of hypercholesterolemia was to be ART experienced at baseline (p = .02), whereas age was associated with the development of hyperglycemia (p = .0096). Conclusions: Treatment with NRTIs may be responsible for the same morphologic alterations as those observed in patients treated with PIs. Moreover, altered triglyceride levels are also frequently observed. The different timing of presentation and gender distribution of BHCs suggest that multiple pathogenetic mechanisms are involved.
Risk factors for physical impairment after acute lung injury in a national, multicenter study.

RATIONALE Existing studies of risk factors for physical impairments in acute lung injury (ALI) survivors were potentially limited by single-center design or relatively small sample size. OBJECTIVES To evaluate risk factors for three measures of physical impairments commonly experienced by survivors of ALI in the first year after hospitalization. METHODS A prospective, longitudinal study of 6- and 12-month physical outcomes (muscle strength, 6-minute-walk distance, and Short Form [SF]-36 Physical Function score) for 203 survivors of ALI enrolled from 12 hospitals participating in the ARDS Network randomized trials. Multivariable regression analyses evaluated the independent association of critical illness-related variables and intensive care interventions with impairments in each physical outcome measure, after adjusting for patient demographics, comorbidities, and baseline functional status. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS At 6 and 12 months, respectively, mean (± SD) values for strength (presented as proportion of maximum strength score evaluated using manual muscle testing) was 92% (± 8%) and 93% (± 9%), 6-minute-walk distance (as percent-predicted) was 64% (± 22%) and 67% (± 26%), and SF-36 Physical Function score (as percent-predicted) was 61% (± 36%) and 67% (± 37%). After accounting for patient baseline status, there was significant association and statistical interaction of mean daily dose of corticosteroids and intensive care unit length of stay with impairments in physical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Patients had substantial impairments, from predicted values, for 6-minute-walk distance and SF-36 Physical Function outcome measures. Minimizing corticosteroid dose and implementing existing evidence-based methods to reduce duration of intensive care unit stay and associated patient immobilization may be important interventions for improving ALI survivors' physical outcomes.