Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Near-surface profiles of aerosol number concentration and temperature over the Arctic Ocean

Abstract. Temperature and particle number concentration profiles were measured at small height intervals above open and frozen leads and snow surfaces in the central Arctic. The device used was a gradient pole designed to investigate potential particle sources over the central Arctic Ocean. The collected data were fitted according to basic logarithmic flux-profile relationships to calculate the sensible heat flux and particle deposition velocity. Independent measurements by the eddy covariance technique were conducted at the same location. General agreement was observed between the two methods when logarithmic profiles could be fitted to the gradient pole data. In general, snow surfaces behaved as weak particle sinks with a maximum deposition velocity vd = 1.3 mm s−1 measured with the gradient pole. The lead surface behaved as a weak particle source before freeze-up with an upward flux Fc = 5.7 × 104 particles m−2 s−1, and as a relatively strong heat source after freeze-up, with an upward maximum sensible heat flux H = 13.1 W m−2. Over the frozen lead, however, we were unable to resolve any significant aerosol profiles.
Guidelines for an improved quality of experience in 3‐D TV and 3‐D mobile displays

Stereoscopic (3‐D) movies have become widely popular all over the world. In addition, 3‐D TVs and mobile devices have already been introduced to the consumer market. However, while some manufacturers are introducing 3‐D cameras and movie studios are using proprietary solutions, there are no guidelines for consistently capturing high‐quality stereoscopic content. In this paper, a comprehensive stereoscopic image and video database with content captured at various distances from the camera lenses and under different lighting conditions will be presented. Subjective tests to assess the perceived 3‐D quality of these videos and images, which were shown on displays of different sizes, have been conducted. In addition, the horizontal parallax of the content was adjusted to verify via subjective tests whether this change could increase the viewer's quality of experience. Finally, guidelines of acquisition distances between the cameras and the real scene will be published.
Instructional Delivery and Students’ Experiences with Distance and Online Learning of Undergraduate Mathematics in Nigeria

This paper examines the students’ experiences with instructional delivery (ID) of distance and online learning of undergraduate mathematics in two major Nigerian universities. Purposive sampling was used in the study to select mathematics students from University of Lagos Distance Learning Institute (DLI) and the National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN). Data were collected through mixed-methods and a one-sample binomial test was employed to analyse the quantitative data. Furthermore, narrative and content analyses were done to explore how respondents make sense of their experiences of learning mathematics through the distance and online mode. Among others, the results of the study suggest that the abstract nature of mathematics was not appropriately addressed in the course content and that the absence of helpful and visible tutors for the subject complicated the challenge of understanding abstract mathematics even further. Among the many challenges, the abstract nature of mathematics and the absence of qualified tutors points to the need for improvement in the design, development, and provision of mathematics course materials and programmes for distance and online mathematics learning.
A comparative energetic analysis of active and passive emission control systems adopting standard emission test cycles

The present work aims at analysing and comparing the thermal performances of active and passive aftertreatment systems. A one-dimensional transient model has been developed in order to evaluate the heat exchange between the solid and the exhaust gas and to estimate the energy effectiveness of the apparatus. Furthermore, the effect of the engine operating conditions on the performances of emission control systems has been investigated considering standard emission test cycles. The analysis has demonstrated that the active flow control presents the higher thermal inertia and it appearsmore suitable to maintain the converter initial temperature level for a longer time after variations in engine load. Conversely, the traditional passive flow control is preferable when rapid "cooling" or "heating" of the solid phase is requested. Moreover, the investigation has highlighted the significant influence of the cycle time and converter length on the energetic performances of the aftertreatment apparatus.
Migrating skills, skilled migrants and migration skills: The influence of contexts on the validation of migrants’ skills

Notions of skill are geographically and historically specific; migration regimes, professional regulations and national policies influence possibilities of effective validation of migrant knowledge abroad. Migration scholars convincingly demonstrate how migrants actively circumvent national requirements to fit into the dominant culture of the society of residence while preserving their own identities. Yet, without exception, social inequalities research exclusively addresses the integration of migrants into the receiving context, taking skills as a fixed attribute migrants simply ‘bring with them’. I argue that the context of origin of migrants for skill acquisition and validation during the migration process needs to be considered as well. The way skills are defined, acquired and valorised in the country of origin has an influence on how migrants mobilise them in the receiving society and on how they perceive their chances for negotiating strong positions in the labour market of the host country. The article draws on a study of Polish migrants to the UK with secondary and tertiary educational certificates who work in routine or semi-routine occupations.
Genetic diversity and population structure of Ethiopian lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) landraces as revealed by ISSR marker

Characterization of genetic resources maintained at genebanks has important implication for future utilization and collection activities. The objective of this study was to assess the level of genetic diversity, genetic structure and genetic distance, and to indirectly estimate the level of gene flow among populations of Ethiopian lentil landraces using intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker. For this purpose, seeds of seventy landrace accessions collected from seven different administrative regions of Ethiopia were obtained from Inistitute of Biodiversity Conservation and grown at Sinana Agricultural Research Center (Bale-Robe, Ethiopia) on-station field plot. DNA was extracted from a bulk leaf sample of fifteen randomly selected seed-raised plants using a triple CTAB extraction technique. ISSR data were generated using four primers. The total genetic diversity ( T H ), the intrapopulation genetic diversity ( S H ) and the interpopulation genetic diversity ( ST D ) were 0.175, 0.095 and 0.079, respectively. High intrapopulation genetic diversity was observed for Gonder, Shewa and Wello populations, while Arsi, Bale, Tigray and Gojam populations showed low intrapopulation diversity. There was high genetic differentiation (GST = 0.455) but intermediate gene flow level (Nm = 0.60) among populations. The genetic distance ( D ) between populations ranged from 0.012 – 0.228. Cluster analysis revealed two groups of Ethiopian lentil landrace populations. The results provide important baseline for future germplasm conservation and improvement programs.
Family economy and household dynamics: the Liégeoise industrial area during the second half of the nineteenth century

This paper deals with methodological questions concerning how to measure the productive capacity of a household unit; how to evaluate the level of consumption; and how to combine the two sides of the coin. The study is based on a sample of 1.413 households of the Ltegeoise BasseMeuse between 1846 and 1900. As the productive capacity is concerned, the low level of occupational diversification among the gunsmiths' households (proto-industrial households) is badly counterbalanced by the presence of lodgers, while the coalminers' households adopt a strategy based on a high diversification of income sources. Secondly, both coalminers' and gunsmiths' households are not engaged in a process of nuclearization of the family group. To evaluate the consumption level of the households, we have applied, in a longitudinal perspective, a scale of consumption units used by experts in nutrition. The number of consumption units dramatically fluctuates according the household cycle. The highest level is reached after 20-25 years of existence. The productive capacity of the household is also maximal between 20 and 30 years of existence. The ratio between consumption units and active units shows that the critical periods in the history of the household is during the 10 first years of existence and at the end (after 35 years). Address all communications to Ren6 Leboutte, Department of History and Civilization, European University Institute, Villa Schifanoia, via Boccaccio, 121, 1-50133 Firenze.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF LATVIAN FRESH CRANBERRIES

Cranberries belong to a group of evergreen dwarf shrubs or trailing vines in the genus Vaccinium subgenus Oxycoccos. Berries contain a diverse array of nutrients with recognized biological activities that promote or contribute to health. The aim of the research was to evaluate physically-chemical parameters of Latvian fresh cranberries. The research was accomplished on fresh Latvian wild and large-berry cranberries harvested in Kurzeme region: wild cranberries and large-berry cranberries variety ‘Steven’, ‘Ben Lear’, ‘Bergman’, ‘Pilgrim’ and ‘Early Black’. The following quality parameters of cranberries were analysed usin g standard methods: anthocyanins (spectrophotometric), colour (using the colour system CIE L* a* b*), organic acids (high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)), polyphenols (HPLC), and pH value (LVS ISO 1132:2001). The research results confirm a close interaction (strong positive correlation (r=0.919) between the colour a* component intensity and anthocyanin content. The highest content of benzoic acid was determined in large-berry cranberries of the cultivar Early Black – 13.66 mg 100 g -1 , which was by 56% higher than in wild cranberries – 5.98 mg 100 g -1 , and by 65% higher than in the cultivar Steven berries – 4.82 mg 100 g -1 . The highest content of polyphenol compounds was found in cranberries of the cultivars Pilgrim, Early Black, and Steven; while the lowest – in cranberries of the cultivar Bergman. The average pH value for all samples was 2.465; it is slightly lower than found in the scientific literature.
USE OF COMPUTER ASSISTANCE IN ORDER TO DESIGNATE THE TASKS IN THE MUNICIPAL SERVICES COMPANIES

In this article, the method of designating the tasks in the municipal services companies was described. Presented method consists of three phase: the preparatory phase, the optimization phase and the generated tasks phase. Each phase was characterized. In this paper, the mathematical model of this problem was presented. The function of criterion and the condition on designating the tasks were defined. The minimum route described in the optimization phase was designated by the genetic algorithm. In this paper, the stages of constructing of the genetic algorithm were presented. A structure of the data processed by the algorithm, a function of adaptation, a selection of chromosomes, a crossover, a mutation and an inversion were characterized. A structure of the data was presented as string of natural numbers. In selection process, the roulette method was used and in the crossover, process the operator PMX was presented. The method was verified in programming language C #. The process of verification was divided into two stages. In the first stage, the best parameters of the genetics algorithm were designated. In the second stage, the algorithm was started with these parameters and the result was compared with the random search algorithm. The random search algorithm generates 2000 routes and the best result is compared with the genetic algorithm. The influence of the inversion, the mutation and the crossover on quality of the results was examined.
Detection and typing of Human Papillomavirus in urine from patients attending a sexually transmitted infections clinic in Nairobi County, Kenya

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) that has been etiologically linked to cervical cancer. Different types of samples can be used for cervical screening, including Pap test or biopsy and Liquid Based Cytology, visual inspection using acetic acid or Lugol’s iodine, and HPV testing. These methods are invasive. The use of urine as an alternative specimen may be more widely accepted since it is non-invasive and the sample is readily available. The study aimed at detecting and genotyping HPV in urine from patients attending a sexually transmitted infections clinic in Nairobi County. It also aimed at assessing the factors associated with HPV infection. In this cross-sectional study, a structured ‘risk factor’ questionnaire was administered and HPV from urine specimen was genotyped using the L1 gene. Phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analyses were conducted. Bivariate analysis and Pearson’s chi square (χ 2 ) tests were used to determine the association between HPV infection and factors associated with HPV. A total of 222 adults (45 males and 177 females) aged 18-49 years were recruited. The prevalence of HPV among males and females was 22.2% (10/45) and 32.8% (58/177) respectively. The prevalence of high-risk types among males and females was 25% (1/4) and 27.5% (11/40) respectively. The high risk HPV genotypes detected among females were: HPV-16 (10%), -66 (7.5%), and -70 (7.5%) while low risk types were HPV 6 (27.5%), followed by -81 (25%), -83 (10%), -11 (7.5%), and -54 (2.5%) respectively. The prevalence of low risk types among males and females was 75% (3/4) and 72.5% (29/40) respectively. The prevalent low-risk HPV type detected in males was HPV type 6 (75%) while HPV-58 (25%) was the only high risk type in males. History of sexually transmitted infections was significantly associated with HPV infection among females (P=0.002). There was also significant association between marital status among males (p=0.046), how often one had used the contraceptives among females (p=0.038) and HPV genotypes at bivariate level. The results indicate high HPV prevalence, high risk and low risk HPVs could be detected in urine from the two populations. Therefore; molecular testing of HPV on urine samples is a method that utilizes a non-invasive technique that may increase screening coverage as it is easy to obtain. Key words: urine, Human papillomavirus, HPV genotypes, PCR, cervical cancer.
Lifestyle micro-influencers and the practice of product endorsement on Instagram through the eyes of young female users

Nowadays, the emergence of influencer marketing has resulted in the ever-growing demand on behalf of brands to collaborate with influential individuals on social media, who can assist in the promotion of various products and services. On Instagram specifically, aside from using celebrities for endorsements related to fashion, beauty, travel and lifestyle in general, brands are increasingly relying on influential individuals such as micro-influencers, who may have fewer followers but are considered to be more relatable and accessible. With the help of the word-of mouth theory, the source credibility model and the match-up hypothesis, the purpose of this research is to investigate the practice of product endorsement by lifestyle micro-influencers, as it is perceived by their young female followers, their main audience on Instagram. More specifically, the study explores the motives for following and interacting with these micro-influencers on this application, as well as the different ways their credibility is interpreted according to the young women who follow them. In addition, the congruence between the lifestyle micro-influencers and their endorsements and how their young female followers understand it, is also examined. This research was based on twelve in-depth interviews, either face-to-face or through Skype, with women between 21 and 25 years old, followers of five lifestyle micro-influencers. By implementing thematic analysis, the main themes emerged from the collected data, related to the posed research questions. In particular, it was indicated that inspiration, opinion seeking, attractiveness and relatability are what motivate the young female Instagram users to follow lifestyle micro-influencers. Furthermore, according to these users, attractiveness is the most important indicator for the credibility of lifestyle micro-influencers, a finding also connected with the match of these micro-influencers with the products and brands they endorse. Finally, the limitations of the study were critically assessed, together with suggestions for future research.
THE EFFEnS OF IONIZING RADIATION ON THE BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE OF P-CHANNEL POWER MOSFETSt

The effects of ionizing radiation on the breakdown voltage of p-channel power MOSFETs were examined through twodimensional simulation. Breakdown-voltage performance of p-channel power MOSFETs was found to be very different from corresponding nchannel power MOSFETs. In pchannel devices, simulation showed breakdown-voltage enhancement for low values of positive oxide-trapped charge, Not, whereas for high values of Not, the breakdown voltage may or may not continue to increase, and may actually decrease in some topologies. For comparison, in n-channel devices, increases in Not always cause breakdown-voltage degradation. The uncertainties stem from the interaction of the depletion region of the device (which is a function of its termination method) with its isolation technology, making it difficult to predict breakdown voltage for large Not. However, insights gained through analysis of depletion-region spreading in p-channel devices suggest a termination/isolation scheme, the VLDFRR, that will enhance p-channel device reliability in radiation environments.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis Treatment Outcome and Associated Factors Among Adult Patients Admitted to Medical Wards of Adama Hospital Medical College, Oromia, Ethiopia

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the most serious acute complications of diabetes mellitus. The mortality rate remains high in developing countries and among misdiagnosed and treated patients. Therefore targeting early diagnosis and effective treatment programs is vital to save the life of patients. The aim of the study is to assess diabetic ketoacidosis treatment outcome and associated factors among adult patients at Adama Hospital Medical College emergency department and medical wards, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Cross sectional study based on record review of 357 adult diabetic ketoacidosis patients was selected using simple random sampling. Data was collected using checklist from medical registrations. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20 and EPI-info version 7 statistical packages. Majority of the patients (65.30%) had two or more episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis and the main reasons for recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis were infectious illness (69.50%) and insulin discontinuation (14.80%). Regarding treatment outcomes of diabetic ketoacidosis patients, majority of them (84.90%) discharged with improved. Those diabetic ketoacidosis patients treated with more than six liters fluid replacement in the 1st 24 hours had better treatment outcome by two times as compared to less than three liters fluid replacement (AOR=2.41 (1.58-10.02). Similarly, those patients who got more than sixty international unit insulin doses in the 1st 24hrs had better treatment outcome by ten times (AOR=10.68 (3.88- 20.64)) when compared to less than forty international unit insulin administration. In addition, DKA patients who got supplemental potassium showed five times treatment outcome improvement (AOR= 5.30 (2.11-13.32) than for those potassium replacement was not done. Even if majority of diabetic ketoacidosis patients treated at Adama Hospital Medical College emergency room and medical wards were discharged with improvement, early treatment of infection, ample fluid replacement and insulin dose adjustment during illness need to be encouraged.
Training Foster Carers in a Preventive Approach to Children Who Challenge: Mixed Messages from Research

Jan Hill-Tout, Andrew Pithouse and Kathy Lowe set out key features of a two-year semi-experimental investigation, completed in April 2001, into the impact of training foster carers in techniques to manage challenging behaviour. The results suggested that training, as designed and delivered in this study, had limited impact on child conduct and carer capacity. However, the training was perceived very positively by foster carers who claimed they put into practice what they had learned and that the training had been useful.
Deep-sea benthic communities and oxygen fluxes in the Arctic Fram Strait controlled by sea-ice cover and water depth

Abstract. Arctic Ocean surface sea-ice conditions are linked with the deep sea benthic oxygen fluxes via a cascade of interdependencies across ecosystem components such as primary production, food supply, activity of the benthic community, and their functions. Additionally, each ecosystem component is influenced by abiotic factors such as light availability, temperature, water depth, and grain size structure. In this study, we investigated the coupling between surface sea-ice conditions and deep-sea benthic remineralization processes through a cascade of interdependencies in the Fram Strait. We measured sea-ice concentrations, a variety of different sediment characteristics, benthic community parameters, and oxygen fluxes at 12 stations of the LTER HAUSGARTEN observatory, Fram Strait, at water depths of 275–2500 m. Our investigations reveal that the Fram Strait is bisected into two long-lasting and stable regions: (i) a permanently and highly sea-ice-covered area and (ii) a seasonally and low sea-ice-covered area. Within the Fram Strait ecosystem, sea-ice concentration and water depth are two independent abiotic factors, controlling the deep-sea benthos. Sea-ice concentration correlated with the available food and water depth with the oxygen flux. In addition, both abiotic factors sea-ice concentration and water depth correlate with the macrofauna biomass. However, at water depths > 1500 m the influence of the surface sea-ice cover is minimal with water depth becoming more dominant. Benthic remineralization across the Fram Strait on average is ∼ 1 mmol C m−2 d−1. Our data indicate that the portion of newly produced carbon that is remineralized by the benthos is 5 % in the seasonally low sea-ice-covered eastern part of Fram Strait but can be 14 % in the permanently high sea-ice-covered western part of Fram Strait. Here, by comparing a permanently sea-ice-covered area with a seasonally sea-ice-covered area, we discuss a potential scenario for the deep-sea benthic ecosystem in the future Arctic Ocean, in which an increased surface primary production may lead to increasing benthic remineralization at water depths < 1500 m.