Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of in-cylinder flows and bulk gas density on early Spray G injection in an optical research engine

A well-characterized multi-hole gasoline injector, the Engine Combustion Network’s (ECN) Spray G injector, was investigated in an optically accessible research engine under four motored operating conditions with early injection. The experiments were conducted at intake pressures of 0 . 4 bar and 0 . 95 bar , nearly matching the ECN’s standard early injection operating conditions, Spray G2 (flash boiling) and Spray G3 (early injection), respectively. This was combined with two engine speeds at 800 rpm and 1500 rpm . Using particle image velocimetry and volumetric Mie scatter imaging, the in-cylinder flows were evaluated and the effects on the spray morphology were characterized. The in-cylinder flow was evaluated to understand the spray-flow interaction, including the turbulent kinetic energy. Little effect on turbulent energy was observed in the region examined near the exit of the fuel injector nozzle shortly after injection. Mie scatter imaging was used to characterize the spray morphology and wall wetting was clearly visible on the spark plug. Cyclic variability of the sprays was found to be insignificant; and major differences in spray morphology are attributed to the in-cylinder velocity and intake pressure at the time of injection. Decreasing the bulk gas density by decreasing the intake pressure had a number of effects on the evolution of the spray including faster evaporation, increased axial liquid penetration, and decreased spray angle. Increasing the in-cylinder flow magnitudes by increasing the engine speed had a similar effect on spray morphology by also increasing the evaporation rate, increasing the axial penetration, and decreasing the spray opening angle. Comparison of the motored spray cases with a no-flow case (when the fuel is sprayed into the engine without the piston present) further illustrated the extent to which the intake flow influenced the spray shape.
Design of a High Force Voice Coil Motor

Voice coil motor is an electromagnetic actuator widely used for motion generation. The main weakness of a voice coil motor is small force. In this paper a voice coil motor is mathematically modeled, analyzed and optimized to obtain high force. According to the optimized final designs, the performance of the voice coil motor is evaluated.
A switched‐beam microstrip antenna array with miniaturized butler matrix network

In this article, a switched‐beam microstrip antenna array with miniaturized butler matrix network is proposed and experimentally verified. The miniaturized butler matrix network is implemented with the stub‐loaded transmission lines (SLTLs). By adopting the proposed SLTLs to equivalently substitute the quarter‐wavelength transmission lines of the couplers and crossovers in the traditional butler matrix network, the circuit area is immediately reduced without loss of performance. To prove the effectiveness of this substitution, the theoretical analysis is given. The proposed butler matrix only takes 45% of the area of a conventional one. Finally, a microstrip antenna array with the miniaturized butler matrix is fabricated, and the proposed design is validated by the measurement results. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:841–845, 2015
Near thresholdless laser operation at room temperature

The development of a thresholdless laser operating above room temperature (RT) is key for the future replacement of electronics with photonic integrated circuits, enabling an increase of several orders of magnitude in computing speeds. Recently, thresholdless lasing characteristics at low temperature (4 K) have been demonstrated. However, for practical applications, RT laser emission becomes necessary. Here we report experimental evidence that is compatible with a laser based on InAsSb quantum dots embedded in a photonic-crystal microcavity that exhibits an ultralow-power threshold (860 nW) and high efficiency (β =0.85), thus operating in the near-thresholdless regime at RT in the 1.3 μm spectral window. The results open up a wide range of opportunities for RT applications of ultralow threshold lasers, such as integrated photonic circuitry or high sensitivity biosensors.
Vehicle Geometric Parameters Measurement Based on Image Processing

This paper proposes a new method for measuring vehicle geometric parameters, which is based on image processing. In the method, a black and white bar-cord ruler is applied to calculate the vehicle dimensions. Canny edge detection algorithm and image mosaic algorithm based on Image-Based Rendering (IBR) technique are utilized to deal with the target images. According to the relationship between the vehicle and the bar-cord ruler in the target images, the geometric parameters of the vehicle can be measured. Furthermore, the experiments indicate that the method has a good performance in measuring the dimensions of a vehicle.
The relationship between tax uncertainty and trade credit: firm-level evidence from the United States

ABSTRACT We examine whether firms’ tax uncertainty affect their trade credit and inventory investment policies. Using a measure of tax uncertainty based on an accounting reserve for contingent tax liability, we find that tax uncertainty is negatively associated with trade credit use and inventory investment. In terms of economic significance, the effect of tax uncertainty on trade credit use is comparable to those of the firm’s cash flow and leverage. Overall, our findings highlight a new channel through which tax planning policies affect corporate decisions and show that the firm’s tax planning policies are important determinants of its trade credit use and inventory investment. Our results are robust to different empirical specifications and tests.
Impact of the CNT growth process on gold metallization dedicated to RF interconnect applications

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a unique group of materials with high aspect ratio, mechanical and electrical properties, which are of great interests in the field of interconnects, and radio frequency applications. In order to incorporate CNTs into any of these applications successfully, one important issue that has to be resolved is the critical parameters (temperature and reactant gases) associated with the growth of the CNTs. As such, the effect of these growth requirements on the adjacent components should be studied. In this work, we examined specifically the effect of carbon nanotubes growth on the underlying metallization, in particular gold, dedicated for radio-frequency-based applications. The gold coplanar lines were annealed at 800°C in a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system to simulate the worst-case condition. The reflection and transmission parameters were analyzed using a probe station connected to a vector network analyzer. Carbon nanotubes grown on different barrier layers were also characterized using a scanning electron microscope and Raman spectroscopy to identify a suitable barrier layer for gold. Our results showed that it is promising to integrate carbon nanotubes grown using PECVD onto Au coplanar waveguide without degrading the S-parameters measurements up to 20 GHz.
A Computational Investigation of Ground Simulation for a Saloon Car

Automotive aerodynamics measurements and simulations now routinely use a moving ground and rotating wheels (MVG&RW), which is more representative of on-road conditions than the fixed ground-fixed wheel (FG&FW) alternative. This can be understood as a combination of three elements: (a) moving ground (MVG), (b) rotating front wheels (RWF) and (c) rotating rear wheels (RWR). The interaction of these elements with the flow field has been explored to date by mainly experimental means. This paper presents a mainly computational (CFD) investigation of the effect of RWF and RWR, in combination with MVG, on the flow field around a saloon vehicle. The influence of MVG&RW is presented both in terms of a combined change from a FG&FW baseline and the incremental effects seen by the addition of each element separately. For this vehicle, noticeable decrease in both drag and rear lift is shown when adding MVG&RW, whereas front lift shows little change. The same trends are seen in both CFD and experimental data. The addition of MVG alone increases both drag and front lift, whereas rear lift decreases significantly. The addition of RWF alone has little effect on the global results (aside from lift), whereas the addition of RWR alone decreases both drag and rear lift significantly. Combining the incremental changes produces values that align well to the MVG&RW case, with the exception of front lift. This shows similar trends to previously published work, both the noticeable drag decrease due to the addition of MVG&RW, and the contributions of the individual components.
Creative tourism destination competitiveness: an integrative model and agenda for future research

Abstract Creative tourism has been approached from several points of view: products and processes, enabling elements, marketing, sustainability, etc. However, to our best knowledge, there is no integrative model that brings together all its dimensions and enables a ‘bird’s eye’ perspective of creative destination competitiveness. As such, this article aims to present a competitiveness model for a creative tourism destination. The model presents four essential dimensions: core elements (products and processes, travellers and entrepreneurs), enablers (community engagement, stakeholders competences, and creative atmosphere), and developers (marketing and communication). Avenues for future research are presented based on the identification of areas to expand existing knowledge on creative tourism research, mainly by proposing measurement instruments which may contribute to operationalize the proposed model.
Danske vindmøller til havs

Artiklen analyserer udviklingen af de danske havvindmoller i perioden 1991 til 2013. Analysen tager afsaet i forskning inden for vindmollehistorie med reference til Thomas Hughes teknologiske systemer og M. Callons aktor-netvaerksteori. Som hovedaktorerne i netvaerket gennemgas forskellige regeringers energipolitik, elforsyningen, statslige myndigheder, forskere i vindmolleteknologi, lokale og landsdaekkende organisationer samt leverandorer af teknologi og serviceydelser. Artiklen viser, at det i Danmark er lykkedes at opbygge et komplekst og velfungerende teknologisk netvaerk pa havvindmolleomradet. En veludbygget vindmolleindustri, samt en gron energipolitik med folkelig stotte har gaet hand i hand med elforsyningens kommercielle interesser. Danish offshore wind turbines The article analyses the development of Danish offshore wind turbines from 1991 to 2013. The analysis builds on top of the research within the history of wind turbines with refers to the Technological system theory by Thomas Hughes and M. Callons actor-network theory. The prime actors of the network of offshore wind turbines are the energy politics of different Danish governments, electricity companies, different authorities as Ministries and boards, researchers of wind turbine technology, local and national organizations and the suppliers of wind turbines and related services. The article shows that within the little country of Denmark it was possible to build a complex technological network among all these partners. The technological network worked because there was a political and popular goodwill, and its success have depend on a common agenda between commercial interests and a green ideology.
Study and application on the CCSDS-based channel coding technique for the data transmission of compressed remote sensing image

With the development of spatial, temporal and spectral resolution of remote satellite imagery, the data acquired in the orbit must be compressed to meet the requirement of the real-time data downlink transmission. When the satellite data are transmitted in the downlink space channel, error code may be produced as a result of external interference. The error code will cause serious diffusion problem for the transmission of compressed data. According to the principle of the error control encoding and decoding, as well as the corresponding recommends of consultative committee for space data systems (CCSDS), a set of error control algorithm and scheme is proposed to satisfy the requirement of remote sensing satellite data transmission, combining the data compression practice. The emulation experiments show that the method is effective for preventing and reducing the error diffusion, so as to provide reliable data for the technique processing in the fields of remote sensing.
Study on the Influence of Rainfall Infiltration on the High rock Slope of Open-pit Mine Stability using a New Nonlinear Strength Reduction Method

Due to long-term mining, a series of high and steep rock slopes have been formed in the open-pit mine. For high rock slopes, rainfall infiltration is the main cause of landslide. Therefore, the stability analysis of high rock slope under rainfall has become a key issue in the open-pit mine engineering. In this work, aiming at the high stress condition of high rock slope, the instantaneous internal friction angle and instantaneous cohesion of rock mass under different stress states are deduced, and the a nonlinear strength reduction method for high rock slope is established according to the relationship between normal stress and shear stress of rock mass under the Hoke-Brown criterion. The numerical calculation results show that the factor of safety (FOS) for high rock slope calculated by the proposed method is more reasonable. Taking the southwest slope of Dagushan Iron Mine as the research background, the safety factors of high rock slope under different rainfall conditions are calculated by COMSOL Multiphysics. And the stability analysis of high rock slope in open-pit mine under rainfall are carried out.
Modified Natural Excitation Technique for Stochastic Modal Identification

AbstractThis paper presents an improvement to the eigensystem realization algorithm (ERA) with natural excitation technique (NExT), which is called the ERA-NExT-AVG method. The method uses a coded average of row vectors in each Markov parameter for evaluating modal properties of a structure. The modification is important because, for the existing stochastic system identification methods, the state-space model, obtained from output sensor data, is usually overparameterized resulting in large systems. Solving such a problem can be computationally very intensive especially in the applications when using the computational capabilities of embedded sensor networks. As a way to improve the efficiency of the ERA-NExT method, the proposed method focuses on the number of components in a single Markov parameter, which can theoretically be minimized down to the number of structural modes. Applying the coded average column vectors as Markov parameters to the ERA, the computational cost of the algorithm is significantl.
Mitigating Devices in Mosuli Iraqi Arabic With Reference To English

The Mosuli dialect is the dialect of the people of the city of Mosul in northern Iraq. It is one of the dialects of northern Mesopotamia, which is an extension of the Arabic dialects that prevailed in Iraq and the Euphrates Island in the Abbasid era. The Mosuli dialect, like other dialects of northern Mesopotamia, contains some of the ancient characteristics that are found in Standard Arabic, but it also has some unique features which distinguish it from the others. In comparison with the dialects of southern Mesopotamia, this dialect retains the features of urban dialects such as the letter qaaf. This study explores the most common uses, and the different types of expressions of mitigation used by people who speak the Mosuli Iraqi Arabic dialect in their everyday life in different situations. Mitigating devices are speech utterances used to lesson the force of the speech on the listener to avoid face-threatening situations. Although mitigating devices are widely used in writing and speaking, they have not been adequately investigated in previous studies. It is assumed that people use mitigation to lesson the force of direct speech. In order to prove this surmise, the data are collected from the native speakers of Mosuli Arabic dialect and analyzed according to Fraser’s 1981 model. The findings reveal that many participants use several expressions with the appropriate mitigating devices suited to different situations. More importantly, the findings show new ways of communication for those interested in the study of pragmatics in the Arabic language as well as English and in the language of other non-native speakers of Arabic.
The EduSeis Project in Italy: An Educational Tool for Training and Increasing Awareness of Seismic Risk

The Educational Seismology Project (EduSeis) is a scientific and educational effort which involves high schools, scientific museums, and research institutes in four different European countries: France, Italy, Portugal, and Germany. This paper discusses the Italian program, which is part of an existing cooperation between the “Citta della Scienza” Science Center of Naples and the University of Naples. The program has the aim of developing modern and advanced educational tools in Earth sciences, using seismology as a vehicle for scientific learning. In a region characterized by an elevated seismic and volcanic risk, the EduSeis project has a remarkable impact on the mitigation of the seismic risk. This effect is achieved in two ways: by involving students, teachers, and their families in schools and by using museums to educate the general public. Although there is a risk of strong earthquakes in the Mediterranean area, the amount of information and awakening to seismic mitigation are insufficient by comparison with analogous initiatives undertaken in other seismic regions in the world. The EduSeis project in Italy has recently received financial support from the Department of Civil Protection through the National Group for Earthquake Defense of INGV (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia). As a result of this program, a network of digital seismographs has been installed in a number of high schools in central and southern Italy. The purpose of this network is to make advanced, research-level instruments and data analysis tools available to schools and to increase students' attention to observations of Earth phenomena and Earth science in general. Products from the network are available to the schools hosting the EduSeis seismograph, to the Science Center's visitors, and to the general public via an Internet Web site (http://eduseis.na.infn.it). The project has several educational, scientific, and social aims. The main educational objectives are to …
Order release in a workload controlled flow-shop with sequence-dependent set-up times

In this paper, we report a simulation study on the role of sequence-dependent set-up times in decision making at the order release level of a workload controlled make-to-order flow-shop. The study evaluates the potential for set-ups savings, dependent on the level of workload in the shop, for two alternative strategies, namely considering set-up times centrally, within the release decision or locally, within the dispatching decision. These strategies are compared and assessed on the basis of two main performance measures namely time in system and standard deviation of the job lateness. Results indicate that the local strategy, which has been traditionally adopted in practice and in most of the studies dealing with sequence-dependent set-up times, does not always give the best results. The release frequency and the shop workload appear critical to the selection of the strategy to adopt, strongly influencing system performance.
Programmed Cell Death in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Short Review

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the latest variant in the coronavirus family, causing COVID-19, has resulted in global pandemic since early 2020 leading to severe public health concern. So far, the pandemic has caused more than 200 million infections and 4 million deaths worldwide. Most of the studies are focused on developing prevention, intervention, and therapeutic strategies. However, underlying pathophysiology of the disease is important as well, which needs further attention. Cell death is one of the major causative mechanisms that leads to severe inflammation, and it is also an a posteriori consequence of the hyperinflammatory storm that renders poor prognosis of the disease. Substantial cell death has been reported in biopsy samples from post mortem patients. Among the distinct cell death pathways, apoptosis, the regulated programmed cell death plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Understanding the role of SARS-CoV-2 infection in apoptosis is critical to linearize the pathogenesis of the virus as well as the resultant disease, that may uncover novel therapeutic targets in treatment of COVID-19 patients. Here, we review the current progress on the underlying molecular mechanism(s) of SARS-CoV-2-induced apoptosis, not only at the level of the virus but also at its individual proteins.
SPICE-Aided Compact Electrothermal Model of Impulse Transformers

This article proposes a new form of compact electrothermal model of impulse transformers. The proposed model is dedicated for use with SPICE and it is formulated in the network form. It simultaneously takes into account electrical, thermal, and magnetic phenomena occurring in the considered device. Nonlinearity of the core magnetization characteristics and nonlinearity of the heat transfer efficiency are taken into account in this model. The form of the proposed model is shown. Equations of the presented model are given. Experimental verification of the proposed model is performed for selected impulse transformers. Selected results of the performed investigations are presented.
TRAP-18 indicators validated through the forensic linguistic analysis of targeted violence manifestos.

This study is a qualitative and quantitative analysis of written and spoken manifestos authored by lone offenders that planned to or committed a targeted attack ( n = 30). The acts of violence were primarily motivated by an ideology or a personal grievance, and occurred between 1974 – 2021. The main objective of this retrospective study was to examine if a behavior-based threat assessment instrument, the Terrorist Radicalization Assessment Protocol (TRAP-18), could be applied to a thin slice of data using only language evidence compiled by the perpetrator before the event occurred. Findings indicate that 17 out of 18 TRAP-18 indicators (94%) were able to be coded in the manifestos. Proximal warning behaviors ranged from 2 to 7, with an average of 4.5. The average number of distal characteristics was 3.8 across the sample. The most frequent proximal warning behaviors were leakage , identi ﬁ cation , ﬁ xation, and last resort . The most frequent distal characteristics were changes in thinking and emotion , framed by an ideology , and personal grievance and moral outrage . Further analyses of the manifestos comparing written versus spoken communications, ideologically based versus grievance-fueled attacks, and seven categories of primary motivations, supported the generalizability of the TRAP-18 when applied to only language data. A de ﬁ nition for targeted violence manifestos is proposed and examined within a genre framework. Application to threat assessment and management is discussed.