Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phonological Activeness Bias Effects in Language Acquisition and Language Structuring

The task of language acquisition constitutes an inductive problem in which learners must generalize numerous productive linguistic patterns with only a small subset of all potential inputs as the learning data (Chomsky, 1980; Pinker, 1979). Faced with this “poverty of the stimulus” (Chomsky, 1980), the need for inductive generalization is apparent, and previous work shows that a set of biases that reduce the set of viable generalizations to consider and facilitate choosing certain generalizations over others are required to extrapolate patterns beyond the initial learning data (Mitchell, 1990; Wilson, 2006). Therefore, the identification of domain-general and language-specific inductive biases pertaining to language acquisition is fundamental in constructing an accurate model of human language learning and has been the focus of many studies (Becker et al., 2011; Moreton, 2008; Pater & Moreton, 2012; Wilson, 2006 among others). The current project proposes the existence of one such inductive bias in the phonological domain towards acquiring pattern generalizations which make use of features that are already more phonologically active in a learner’s grammar(s). Here, phonological activeness is defined as the relative degree to which a certain feature (e.g. [voice]) is referenced in the denotations of natural classes in the phonological component of a learner’s grammar (acquired phonological patterns and phonotactic distributions). The proposed bias, which favors reimplementing features proportional to their activeness, constitutes an example of a preferential attachment process (also called a cumulative advantage or Yule process) (Price, 1976). Evidence for this phonological activeness bias is found by observing its predicted effects in language acquisition via an artificial language learning task in which 100 English monolinguals learned sound alternations triggered either by an active feature of English, [+/front], or an inactive feature, [+/high]. Trends suggest that English speakers were able to better learn the pattern triggered by [+/front], supporting a bias towards acquiring patterns involving active features. This indicates that learners aren’t simply biased towards acquiring/implementing patterns motivated by L1 rules in another language as suggested in Pater & Tessier (2006), but rather that they are more primed to “notice” and then acquire novel patterns implementing features used frequently in their L1 phonology (English in this case). In addition, intra-language distributions of feature frequencies for a sample of phonological rules/phonotactic distributions closely fit the predicted frequency distributions generated by a well-known preferential attachment algorithm, the Indian Buffet Process (Griffiths & Ghahramani, 2005, 2011), suggesting that the nature of such an acquisition bias has a noticeable effect on the overall structure of language grammars, raising potential implications for language typology and evolution.
ANGIOGENESIS IN SUPERFICIAL ESOPHAGEAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA : MAGNIFYING ENDOSCOPIC OBSERVATION AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS

Observations of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma using magnifying endoscopy have now been carried out extensively and, as a result, it has become clear that the morphology of the microvessels evident at the tumor surface reflects the depth of tumor invasion. In M1 and M2 cancer, the surface microvasculature reveals dilation and elongation of the intrapapillary capillary loops (IPCL). However, at this stage, some immature capillaries resembling IPCL also arise inside the tumor and, therefore, the view of the microvasculature should be described as one showing ‘intermixing of modified IPCL and IPCL-like immature capillaries (IPCL-like abnormal capillary)’. As cancer invades into the muscularis mucosa (M3 or deeper), an obviously dilated and irregularly branched tumor-specific vasculature, more accurately described as ‘neovasculature’, can be observed. From our magnifying endoscopy observations and studies of the molecular profile of early esophageal cancer, we conclude that two major angiogenic steps exist in precancerous and M3 lesions in the early phase of cancer progression. In addition, it is now possible to study cell morphology using an endocytoscope with a much higher magnification (¥400–¥1000) than magnifying endoscopes currently on the market. The histology revealed in this way may reduce the need for conventional biopsy histology in the future.
A Novel Redox Regulator , MnTnBuOE-2-PyP 5 + , Enhances Normal Hematopoietic Stem / Progenitor Cell Function

The signaling of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is essential for the maintenance of normal cellular function. However, whether and how ROS regulate stem cells are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that, in transgenic mice expressing the human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene, a scavenger of ROS in mitochondria, the number and function of mouse hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) under physiological conditions are enhanced. Importantly, giving MnTnBuOE-2-PyP(MnP), a redoxactive MnSOD mimetic, to mouse primary bone marrow cells or to C57B/L6 mice significantly enhances the number of HSPCs. Mechanistically, MnP reduces superoxide to hydrogen peroxide, which activates intracellular Nrf2 signaling leading to the induction of antioxidant enzymes, including MnSOD and catalase, and mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3. The results reveal a novel role of ROS signaling in regulating stem cell function, and suggest a possible beneficial effect of MnP in treating pathological bone marrow cell loss and in increasing stem cell population for bone marrow transplantation.
Community based annotation for the Semantic Web

The social web has become one of the fastest growing areas of the internet. The increase in use of sites such as Facebook, MySpace, Flickr and other social network based Web sites has been phenomenal. The semantic web is the Web that contains information with underlying semantics, capable of being read automatically by software agents enabling information integration. This paper attempts to tackle the issues associated with the Semantic Web, and how it can be benefited from the incorporation and integration with the Social Web, adding a social aspect to semantics. By investigating the collaborative generation of metadata for the semantic web using social networks as a user base a system named ‘Meervisage’ is presented, capable of socially annotating web resources with semantic metadata.
The Examining of Transformational and Transactional Leadership on Banking Employee Performance at North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

Transformational and transactional leadership style is an activity that influences people to working together in order to achieve the organization goals. Leadership can occur anywhere, provided that someone shows his ability to influence the behavior of others towards achieving a certain goal. Transformational leadership as a leader who has the power to influence subordinates in certain ways. The intent of transformational and transactional leadership is to encourage employee performance in the Banking business in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The object of the study was Bank BRI, BNI and SulutGo, which have branches throughout the North Sulawesi region. The number of respondents was 205 employees. The collected data were then analysed by using a variant-based structural equation model or Partially Least Square (PLS-SEM). The data analysis results provide empirical evidence that a transformational leadership style, particularly in the individual consideration and individual inspirational dimensions, positively impacts employee performance. However, other dimensions, namely, intellectual stimulation and inspirational motivation, do not significantly encourage activities related to performance. Moreover, transactional leadership on the contingent reward dimension does not significantly impact knowledge sharing, in other word only transformational leadership individual consideration and individual inspiration were positively significant effect on encourage banking business industry employee performance at North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Insecticidal Action of Several Isolates of Entomopathogenic Fungi against The Granary Weevil Sitophilus Granarius

The insecticidal virulence of various entomopathogenic fungal isolates retrieved from soil samples was tested on adults of the granary weevil Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Bioassays were carried out in the laboratory where experimental adults were sprayed with 1 mL of conidial suspension (108 conidia/mL) from each isolate. Mortality was recorded at 7, 14, and 21 days after exposure. Mean mortality, mean lethal time, survival, and hazard effect were estimated for each isolate. Two isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), one isolate of Aspergillus insuetus (Bainier) Thom & Church (Eurotiales: Trichocomaceae) and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschinkoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) resulted in the highest mortality (97–100%). The isolates with both the highest hazard effect and the lowest survival rate were Aspergillus sp. and M. anisopliae. Our results indicate that entomopathogenic fungi have the potential to become a very useful tool in reducing chemical applications in storage facilities.
Information technologies Target Detection Ability Calculation method in Target Tracking System

To improve the tracking performance in photoelectric tracking system, this paper researches target detection ability calculation method. according to the principle of photoelectric tracking system, optoelectronic properties of photoelectric detection system was analyzed, and the model of optoelectronic properties of target was set up, the instantaneous electric current of CCD was deduced; based on the characteristics of the target luminance, background luminance and CCD noise, detection performance was analyzed and the output signal calculation method was given in photoelectric tracking system; the relation of limited detectable distance of the photoelectric detection system with the exposure time of CCD, the threshold of SNR and the dark current of the photoelectric detection system was discussed. Through the calculation and experiment analysis, the results show that within a certain illumination, the longer the exposure time of CCD is, the smaller the dark current of the photoelectric detection system is; the theoretical speed and the actual speed of control angle is basically consistent, which show the calculation method of target detection ability is correct.
Utilizing a Flipped Learning Model to Support Special Educators’ Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching

Flipped learning is a popular pedagogical approach in K-12 and in higher education (Graziano, 2017), however minimal research exists on the effectiveness of flipped learning in special education teacher preparation courses. Special education teacher candidates enrolled in five sections of a special education math methods course engaged with interactive, flipped “learning lessons” prior to class. During class, they participated in extension activities and lesson planning. The researchers utilized mixed methods to evaluate the impact of performance on and engagement with these learning lessons and found positive predictive relationships with student achievement on all individual summative assignments. Nearly all students agreed flipped learning was useful in helping them meet the course outcomes. Most students specifically credited the flipped lessons as a facilitator of their learning because they allowed them to interact with the content at their own pace and to utilize class time for more meaningful review and extension activities with the instructor's support.
Capturing the Voice of the Customer for Paper-notebook Product Development

Paper-notebook is one of the crucial school equipment and always needed. A study also found out that despite the widespread use of information and communication technology (ICT), there is a significant number of students who prefer to use a paper-based resource for writing and reading. The use of paper-notebook products also affected by the youngsters (productive age), and it estimated that 65% of the total population in Indonesia is in a productive period. Indonesia’s demand for paper-notebook also keeps developing. To optimize the market opportunity regarding paper-notebook product, the innovation of product that matches the needs of the local and potential markets is crucial. The understanding and fulfillment of customers' needs are one of the drivers for better business results; a project with high-quality marketing actions, which includes capturing the Voice of the Customer (VOC), double the success rates and have 70% higher market shares than those projects with an inadequate approach. Hence, this researcher aimed to identify customer needs regarding paper-notebook by capturing the Voice of the Customer then process it into a paper-notebook design based on customer preference.
The Intonational Asymmetry Between Argument and Adjunct in Japanese

This paper addresses the question of whether there is a systematic difference between the properties of argument and adjunct constructions in the Japanese intonation system. Based on results from an experiment I show that argument and adjunct are intonationally distinguished from one another in Japanese. There is also certain degree of inter-speaker variation in how these two structures are intonationally differentiated, and the distinction is neutralized under certain circumstances pertaining to prosodic constituent length. To explain the intonational argument–adjunct distinction as well as the variation and neutralization, I give an optimality theoretic (OT, Prince and Smolensky 1993) account, utilizing a expanded version of Selkirk’s focus prominence constraints (Selkirk 1999) and a small set of markedness constraints on prosodic structure that interact with them. More specifically, I show that the approach of focus prominence constraints that require certain syntactic categories to be associated to certain prosodic phrasing levels is valid in Japanese. To account for the neutralization of prosodic argument-adjunct distinction, I propose a constraint on prosodic constituent length that is analogous to the foot binarity constraint but crucially different in that it refers to a higher prosodic level. I also demonstrate that the inter-speaker variation can be explained by adopting Anttila’s (1997, 2002) partial ordering model. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows: in §2, I provide some background information on this issue; in §3, the experiment and the results are described;
Strategies for enhancing carbon sequestration in Mg-rich mine tailings

Mineralization of CO2 within Mg-carbonate minerals in Mg-rich mine tailings provides the potential to render large mines greenhouse gas neutral. A potential strategy to enhance carbon 6xation rates is through injection of CO2-rich gas into tailings. Carbonation rates and CO2 storage capacity must be sufficient to minimize CO2 leakage to the atmosphere. Experimental carbonation rates of one tailings mineral, brucite, suggest that its carbonation can keep pace with mine emissions and that total carbon 6xation rates are limited by tailings production. Because power consumption scales with tailings production, brucite contents of ≈ 6.5 % are needed to o5set point source mine emissions.
HOTEL SERVICES PREFERENCES ACROSS CULTURES: A CASE STUDY OF APPLYING OPINION MINING ON VIETNAMESE AND AMERICAN ONLINE REVIEWS

Tourism is considered as one of the most important industries in Vietnam. The Government continuously keeps managing and asking for improving all sectors related to tourism. As an important infrastructure for tourism industries, hotels for accommodation are highly considered for improving customer services. On hotel booking and reviews channels, customers express their opinions and feedback about their experienced hotels by writing online reviews, this is valuable source of information that hotel managers should utilize. In this study, we collected 37,712 online reviews about Vietnamese hotels written by domestic and foreign customers in Vietnamese and English languages. Then we developed a hybrid model to perform opinion mining on multilingual social media text and explore for customer opinion differences across cultures. The results show that there are differences in hotel service preferences between Vietnamese and American customers. Based on this research result we recommend for improving customer satisfactions via diversifying across cultures
Design and Evaluation of a Cooperative Mechanism among Pure P 2 P File-sharing Networks

To provide application-oriented network services, a variety of overlay networks are deployed over physical IP networks. Since they share and compete for the same physical network resources, their selfish behaviors affect each other and, as a result, their performance deteriorates. Our research group considers a model of overlay network symbiosis, where overlay networks coexist and cooperate to improve their application-level quality of service (QoS) while sustaining influences from the physical network and other overlay networks. In this thesis, we especially focus on Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks among various overlay networks. We propose a mechanism for pure P2P networks of file-sharing applications to cooperate with each other. In our proposal, cooperative peers establish logical links among two or more P2P networks, so that messages and files are exchanged among cooperative P2P networks through these logical links. For an efficient and effective cooperation, we also propose an algorithm for the selection of cooperative peers and a caching mechanism to avoid putting too much load on cooperative peers and cooperating networks. Simulation results showed that the number of discovered providing peers and the ratio of search hits increased about twice, while the load by the cooperation among P2P networks was reduced about half by caching.
Ontological modelling of cartographic generalisation

Government, both national and local, is making increasing amounts of spatial data freely available (Tinati et al. 2012). For example, the DataGM website provides access to georeferenced data for road traffic accidents, fire and rescue incidents, bus stops, bus routes and traffic signals in Greater Manchester (Trafford Council 2012). However, how can thousands of road accidents be mapped without obscuring the underlying road network (Figure 1) and how can this data be mapped by the non-expert? Tools such as the Google maps API (Batty et al. 2010) provide only a partial solution in that they merely overlay data on base maps. There is no integration of user-supplied data. What is required is cartographic generalisation on-demand. But to automate the map creation process it is necessary to formalise the knowledge required for generalisation – the selection and sequencing of the generalisation operations.
Scalable Garbage Collection for In-Memory MVCC Systems

To support Hybrid Transaction and Analytical Processing (HTAP), database systems generally rely on Multi-Version Concurrency Control (MVCC). While MVCC elegantly enables lightweight isolation of readers and writers, it also generates outdated tuple versions, which, eventually, have to be reclaimed. Surprisingly, we have found that in HTAP workloads, this reclamation of old versions, i.e., garbage collection, often becomes the performance bottleneck. It turns out that in the presence of long-running queries, state-of-the-art garbage collectors are too coarse-grained. As a consequence, the number of versions grows quickly slowing down the entire system. Moreover, the standard background cleaning approach makes the system vulnerable to sudden spikes in workloads. In this work, we propose a novel garbage collection (GC) approach that prunes obsolete versions eagerly. Its seamless integration into the transaction processing keeps the GC overhead minimal and ensures good scalability. We show that our approach handles mixed workloads well and also speeds up pure OLTP workloads like TPC-C compared to existing state-of-the-art approaches.
Estimating and Forecasting Bitcoin Daily Returns Using ARIMA-GARCH Models

: This paper provides an evaluation of the forecasting performance of hybrid ARIMA-GARCH model in forecasting Bitcoin daily price returns. We combined ARIMA and GARCH model with Normal, Student’s t and Skewed student’s t distributions. To make the series stationary, Bitcoin daily price data was transformed to Bitcoin daily returns. By using Box-Jenkins method, the appropriate ARIMA model was obtained and for capturing volatilities of the returns series GARCH (1,1) models with Normal, Student’s t and Skewed student’s t distributions was used. To evaluate the performance of the models, the study employs two measures, RMSE and MAE. The results reveal that ARIMA (2,0,1)-GARCH (1,1) with Normal distribution outperform the other three in terms of out-of-sample forecast with minimum RMSE and MAE.The findings can aid investors, market practitioners, financial institutions, policymakers, and scholars.
Codes Grouping Word Embeddings Annotated Clinical Terms Textual Features Labels Feed ForwardNeural Netowork Disease Group Prediction

Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) support medical personnel by offering aid in decisionmaking and timely interventions in patient care. Typically such systems are built on structured Electronic Health Records (EHRs), which, unfortunately have a very low adoption rate in developing countries at present. In such situations, clinical notes recorded by medical personnel, though unstructured, can be a significant source for rich patient related information. However, conversion of unstructured clinical notes to a structured EHR form is a manual and time consuming task, underscoring a critical need for more efficient, automated methods. In this paper, a generic disease prediction CDSS built on unstructured radiology text reports is proposed. We incorporate word embeddings and clinical ontologies to model the textual features of the patient data for training a feed-forward neural network for ICD9 disease group prediction. The proposed model built on unstructured text outperformed the state-of-the-art model built on structured data by 9% in terms of AUROC and 23% in terms of AUPRC, thus eliminating the dependency on the availability of structured clinical data.
TITLE Aspiration-Jab match : Ag , , : rends a Larq-J Nationally-R-: : pri : : sntativ : Sample of Young Whit ?

Age trends in the matcli between vocational aspirations and actual jobs were studied in a . ationally-representative sample of 3730 white men aged 16 to 28 who were interviewed yearly over a five-year period. As the youth aged, higher agreement between jobs and aspirations (classified according to Hollai.d's typology) occurred. In addition, the distributions of both aspirations and actual jobs differed with age. Larger proportions of the older me: were engaged in enterprising work, and the th.stribution of aspirations, which at age 16 diverged markedly from the distribution of jobs, resembled that distribution more closely by age 28. Implications for changing strategies of vocational counseling and research are discussed.