Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review of Hydrological Models Applied in the Permafrost-Dominated Arctic Region

The Arctic region is the most sensitive region to climate change. Hydrological models are fundamental tools for climate change impact assessment. However, due to the extreme weather conditions, specific hydrological process, and data acquisition challenges in the Arctic, it is crucial to select suitable hydrological model(s) for this region. In this paper, a comprehensive review and comparison of different models is conducted based on recently available studies. The functionality, limitations, and suitability of the potential hydrological models for the Arctic hydrological process are analyzed, including: (1) The surface hydrological models Topoflow, DMHS (deterministic modeling hydrological system), HBV (Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning), SWAT (soil and water assessment tool), WaSiM (water balance simulation model), ECOMAG (ecological model for applied geophysics), and CRHM (cold regions hydrological model); and (2) the cryo-hydrogeological models ATS (arctic terrestrial simulator), CryoGrid 3, GEOtop, SUTRA-ICE (ice variant of the existing saturated/unsaturated transport model), and PFLOTRAN-ICE (ice variant of the existing massively parallel subsurface flow and reactive transport model). The review finds that Topoflow, HBV, SWAT, ECOMAG, and CRHM are suitable for studying surface hydrology rather than other processes in permafrost environments, whereas DMHS, WaSiM, and the cryo-hydrogeological models have higher capacities for subsurface hydrology, since they take into account the three phase changes of water in the near-surface soil. Of the cryo-hydrogeological models reviewed here, GEOtop, SUTRA-ICE, and PFLOTRAN-ICE are found to be suitable for small-scale catchments, whereas ATS and CryoGrid 3 are potentially suitable for large-scale catchments. Especially, ATS and GEOtop are the first tools that couple surface/subsurface permafrost thermal hydrology. If the accuracy of simulating the active layer dynamics is targeted, DMHS, ATS, GEOtop, and PFLOTRAN-ICE are potential tools compared to the other models. Further, data acquisition is a challenging task for cryo-hydrogeological models due to the complex boundary conditions when compared to the surface hydrological models HBV, SWAT, and CRHM, and the cryo-hydrogeological models are more difficult for non-expert users and more expensive to run compared to other models.
There is no place like home: Larval habitat type and size affect risk‐taking behaviour in fire salamander larvae (
 Salamandra salamandra
 )

Different environments have different selective pressures, thus promoting adaptive variation within one species (e.g. Monaghan, 2008; van Valen, 1965). Thereby, the interplay between genetic factors and environmental phenotypic plasticity is a key force of local adaptation and drives intraspecific individual variation (Ghalambor, McKay, Carroll, & Reznick, 2007; Lande, 2009). In particular, early experiences shape individual life histories and phenotypes and can have long-term consequences for future performance (Krause, Krüger, & Schielzeth, 2017; Monaghan, 2008; Salvanes, Moberg, & Braithwaite, 2007). This may be beneficial in predictable habitats, but can lead to maladaptive effects under unexpectedly changing conditions (reviewed in Monaghan, 2008). Among several factors such as population structure (Brent, 2010; Vignoli et al., 2018), the environment (Braithwaite & Salvanes, 2005; Francis, Diorio, Plotsky, & Received: 28 August 2019 | Revised: 29 April 2020 | Accepted: 14 May 2020 DOI: 10.1111/eth.13070
THE IN VIVO STABILITY OF DIRECTLY INJECTED NAKED DNA AND CALCIUM PHOSPHATE CONJUGATED DNA INTO HENS

There is a crucial need for a low cost, non-biohazard horizontal gene transfer method in avian to produce enhanced genetic traits. The delivery of recombinant DNA into hen's tissues has been confirmed for practical use to promote the desired productive features. But still has several limitations such as expense, and the requirement of specialized devices for manufacture. Therefore, a low cost and calcium phosphate tool was devised, and its efficiency was tested by its direct exposure to DNase. Thus, to investigate the stability of the injected DNA through this method, hens were used as biomarkers in this study. Twenty mature hens were randomly chosen. They were directly injected by calcium phosphate – DNA and naked DNA methods. Then, blood samples were withdrawn after one day, three days, and one week of injection. DNA samples were extracted from blood in each case. Afterwards, both methods of direct gene injection were compared using polymerase chain reaction to explore the persistability of injected DNA in both cases. Though the naked DNA has initially shown much more penetration compared with its calcium phosphate counterpart, the later method has shown more stability in vivo. Nevertheless, both in vivo injection methods aren’t practical enough for long term in vivo gene expression.
Estimation of organic waste and waters carrying capacity for lobster cage culture development in North Lombok District, West Nusa Tenggara Province

Lobster cultivation has prospects to be developed in North Lombok waters, West Nusa Tenggara Province. In addition to being profitable, lobster farming also has the potential to produce waste that can obstruct the sustainability of the aquaculture activity itself. The study of estimation of organic waste from lobster farming activities and anthropogenic waste was carried out to obtain information on the carrying capacity of waters for the development of lobster culture. This research was conducted in May 2018 and May until August 2019. This study used the survey method. Data collected includes primary data and secondary data. Measurement of water quality parameters was carried out at twenty-three observation points in situ for temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, brightness, turbidity, and pH, also laboratory analysis for nitrate, ammonia, and phosphate. The estimation of a waste load from aquaculture activities refers to the mass balance model based on data from proximate analysis of feed, feed digestibility, nutrient retention, feed conversion ratio, fish biomass production, and total organic particles. Estimation of carrying capacity refers to the total nitrogen load, both from lobster culture and anthropogenic activities. The results of the study indicate that the waters of North Lombok are potential areas for the development of marine culture because of the condition of water quality in a standard threshold of sea quality. Lobster cultivation in floating net cages (FNCs) for 6 months produced waste including 213.58 kg of N and 44.07 kg of P entering the waters and anthropogenic waste including 185 62.00 kg of N and 88 793.96 kg of P. Based on the N waste load approach, the carrying capacity of the environment in North Lombok waters for the development of lobster culture in floating net cages is 2 276 FNC units. If the productivity of 1 unit of KJA in one lobster maintenance cycle for 6 months is 0.17 tons, then the optimal production of lobster is 386.80 tons.
Poster: Novel Opportunities in Design of Efficient Deep Packet Inspection Engines

Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) is an essential building block implementing various services on data plane [5]. Usually, DPI engines are centered around efficient implementation of regular expressions both from the required memory and lookup time perspectives. In this paper, we explore and generalize original approaches used for packet classifiers [7] to regular expressions. Our preliminary results establish a promising direction for the efficient implementation of DPI engines.
Disentangled Face Representations in Deep Generative Models and the Human Brain

How does the human brain recognize faces and represent their many features? Despite decades of research, we still lack a thorough understanding of the computations carried out in face-selective regions of the human brain. Deep networks provide good match to neural data, but lack interpretability. Here we use a new class of deep generative models, disentangled representation learning models, which learn a latent space where each dimension “disentangles” a different interpretable dimension of faces, such as rotation, lighting, or hairstyle. We show that these disentangled networks are a good encoding model for human fMRI data. We further ﬁnd that the latent dimensions in these models map onto non-overlapping regions in fMRI data, allowing us to "disentangle" different features such as 3D rotation, skin tone, and facial expression in the human brain. These methods provide an exciting alternative to standard “black box” deep learning methods, and have the potential to change the way we understand representations of visual processing in the human brain.
Dual-Band Evanescent-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide Band-pass Filter for WLAN Applications

A new multi-layer substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) structure is developed to design dual-band evanescent-mode band-pass filters (BPFs). Two independent series LC circuits are implemented by incorporating metallic irises in the different layers of the structure. The combination of the metallic irises with capacitive-plates is embedded inside the SIW to independently excite two evanescent-mode resonance frequencies below the cut-off frequency of the structure. Two integrated series irises and capacitive-plates are incorporated in an antipodal configuration to minimize the coupling interference between them. A dual-band evanescent-mode band-pass filter is designed and characterized at 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz frequencies for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). The first resonance frequency of the filter is fixed at 2.4GHz (2400-2484MHz) and the second one is tuned at 5.2GHz (5150-5350MHz) to partially meet the standard IEEE 802.11 WLAN bandwidths and fully meet the WLAN frequencies. This approach demonstrates the miniaturized dual-band high quality- factor evanescent-mode band-pass filter. The structure is designed and simulated by taking into account of all fabrication aspects.
Effect of irrigation scheduling and fertigation on performance of drip irrigated direct seeded rice ( Oryaza sativa L )

A field experiment was conducted during kharif sessions of 2016 and 2017 at Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Gangavathi, UAS, Raichur, to study the effect of irrigation scheduling and fertigation on performance of drip irrigated direct seeded rice in clay soil. The experiment laid out in split plot design with four irrigation scheduling based on IW/CPE ratios assigned to main plots and four drip fertigation levels were allocated in subplots and replicated thrice. Irrigation scheduling at 1.50 IW/CPE ratio recorded significantly higher grain yield on average of two years (5060 kg ha), straw yield (5937 kg ha ) and harvest index (0.46) but it was on par with 1.25 IW/CPE ratio (4875 kg ha, 5593 kg ha and 0.47, respectively). Among the drip fertigation levels, drip fertigation at 125% RDN recorded (5049 kg ha, 5897 kg ha and 0.46, respectively) followed by 100 RDN (4914 kg ha, 5651 kg ha and 0.46, respectively). Among the interaction, irrigation scheduling at 1.50 IW/CPE ratio with 125% RDN recorded significantly higher growth, yield and yield attributes than the other treatment combinations.
Fast Self-Synchronization between Low-Voltage Microgrid and Inverter using Virtual Synchronous Converter

In this paper, a fast self-synchronization known as virtual synchronous converter (VSCon) between single-phase microgrid and inverter in low-voltage microgrid, has been developed in Matlab/Simulink. The idea is to any phase locked loop (PLL) circuit for inverter-microgrid synchronization in order to improve the synchronization time. As known, it is difficult and lengthy process to tune the PLL gain parameters to reach suitable performance for synchronizing among the voltage, phase-angle and frequency between them. Due to this problem, a fast self synchronization technique is needed in order to minimize the time losses at the microgrid connection. Therefore, the VSCon has been developed which is based on the synchronous generator mathematical model but in virtual environment representation. It has been applied in the inverter control for generating switching pattern to the inverter switches in order to respond to the grid voltage for improve the synchronization. For a prove of concept, several simulation tests in MATLAB models have been conducted, in order to see the effectiveness of this VSCon. First test has been conducted, when a 240V, 50Hz frequency grid source is used for observing the self-synchronization the system with the power flows output. Furthermore, the next test is conducted when the grid frequency is changed from the rated frequency at 50Hz to 51Hz and the result shows the VSCon in inverter control takes nearly 40ms to synchronize to this new frequency value. The test on grid phase-angle delay also been tested when ac grid voltage has 150 phase delay. As from all the results, the improved inverter control with VSCon structure is able to have fast and self-synchronized between the invertergrid connection before the power from the inverter can be transferred.
Electric field-induced alignment of thermal conductive filler in acrylic polymer for enhanced thermal conductivity

A recent trend in the integration of electric power devices has caused problems of heat management because of high heat generation from the device. Therefore, studies of new materials having high thermal conductivity have been motivated. Polymer-based composites have been paid attention because of its flexibility and energy-saving productivity. In this study, nitride fillers, which have excellent thermal conductivity and electric insulating property, were used as a component of the polymer-based composites. To achieve high thermal diffusion with a small fraction of the fillers, the fillers were aligned by an electric field. Aluminum nitride (AlN) or boron nitride (BN) particles were dispersed in an acrylic polymer. An array of wire electrodes was used to form widely spread electric field. In-plane and throughplane alignment were carried out with varying arrangements of the electrode arrays. Thermal diffusivity in-plane direction of the AlN and BN composites increased about 1.2and 1.7-fold by aligning the fillers as comparing with those without the alignment, respectively. To align the filler in through-plane detection, several kinds of the electrode arrangements were examined. As the best result, the throughplane thermal diffusivity of the aligned AlN composites became 30-fold compared to that without the alignment.
A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS PSEUDOHYNOBIUS(CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE)FROM GUIZHOU,CHINA

The current paper deals with a new species of Pseudohynobius collected in Yanxia Twon,Guiding County,Guizhou Province.Type material is deposited in the Department of Biology,Liupanshui Normal College.Pseudohynobius guizhouensis sp.nov.(Figs.1-6)Pseudohynobius guizhouensis sp.nov.is similar to that of P.kuankuoshuiensis,but differs in several ways.The new species has dispersed white spots at the ventral side of their bodies and 17 trunk vertebrae;two frontal bones are usually connected at their anterior ends and form a triangle;the bounded cleft on the gap between the frontal and parietal bones is small to non-existence;the bifurcation of the "y" cartilage of the pelvic girdle is narrower and longer than that of P.kuankuoshuiensis(Fig.4). On the other hand,P.kuankuoshuiensis does not have white spots at the ventral side and has 18 trunk vertebrae;their two frontal bones form an arc;the cleft is distinct.Holotype male(No.0711005),adult,collected by LI Song and TIAN Ying-Zhou,8 Mar.2008,Yanxia Twon,Guiding County,Guizhou Province(26°12'N,107°30'E;alt.1 650 m). Paratypes:1 female(No.0711005),adult,collection data same as holotype;2 males(Nos.0711001,0711006),2 females(Nos.0711002,0711003)and 30 immature,collected by LI Song and TIAN Ying-Zhou,Nov.2007 and Mar.2008 at the same locality.The new species is also similar to P.flavomaculatus. The new species has round spots mostly on the back of their bodies and tails,and the ratio of head length to width is larger than 1.54,while the latter has cloud stripe color spots on the upper surfaces of the body and tail and the ratio of head length to width is smaller than 1.54. The new species can also be distinguished from P.shuichengensis by having short limbs;When forelimbs and hindlimbs are pressed against the body,the front parts of metacarpus and metatarsus are not overlapped.Furthermore,the new species has a lots of color spots on the back of body and tail,while P.shuichengensis has no color spots on its back of the body and tail.
Circuit mechanisms for chemical modulation of cortex-wide network interactions and exploration behavior

Influential accounts postulate distinct roles of the catecholamine and acetylcholine neuromodulatory systems in cognition and behavior. But previous work found similar effects of these modulators on the response properties of individual cortical neurons. Here, we report a double dissociation between catecholamine and acetylcholine effects at the level of cortex-wide network interactions in humans. A pharmacological boost of catecholamine levels increased cortex-wide interactions during a visual task, but not rest. Conversely, an acetylcholine-boost decreased correlations during rest, but not task. Cortical circuit modeling explained this dissociation by differential changes in two circuit properties: the local excitation-inhibition balance (more strongly altered by catecholamines) and intracortical transmission (more strongly reduced by acetylcholine). The inferred catecholaminergic mechanism also predicted increased behavioral exploration, which we confirmed in human behavior during both a perceptual and value-based choice task. In sum, we identified specific circuit mechanisms for shaping cortex-wide network interactions and behavior by key neuromodulatory systems.
DESIGN AND TUNING OF PID ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE OF PVTOL SYSTEM

In this paper different design scheme for a PID controller have been introduced for a single axis of a quadcopter. This type of model is also known as PVTOL (planar vertical take-off and landing) system. The PVTOL system possess complicated roll control schemes, non-linearity, low stability and is a second order type process. This paper aims to present a comparison between different controllers used in a dynamic model of a PVTOL platform. Performance comparison of classical Zeigler Nicholas (ZN-PID) is done against Genetic Algorithm (GA) based controller optimization. The results are obtained using MATLAB and SIMULINK, the (ZN-PID) and (GA) based controller is designed for disturbance rejection, close loop response and set point
Cathepsin K maintains the number of lymphocytes in vivo

In this study, we investigated the influence of the loss of Cathepsin K (Ctsk) gene on the hematopoietic system in vitro and in vivo. We found that cultures with Lineage- SCA1+ KIT+ (LSK) cells on Ctsk deficient stromal cells display reduced colony formation and proliferation, with increased differentiation, giving rise to repopulating cells with reduced ability to repopulate the donor LSK and T cell compartments in the bone marrow. Subsequent in vivo experiments showed impairment of lymphocyte numbers, but, gross effects on early hematopoiesis or myelopoiesis were not found. Most consistently in in vivo experimental settings, we found a significant reduction of (donor) T cell numbers in the bone marrow. Lymphocyte deregulation is also found in transplantation experiments, which revealed that Ctsk is required for optimal regeneration not only of T cells, but also of B cells. Interestingly, cell non-autonomous Ctsk regulates both B- and T cell numbers, but T cell numbers in the bone marrow require an additional autonomous Ctsk-dependent process. Thus, we show that Ctsk is required for the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells in vitro, but in vivo, Ctsk deficiency most strongly affects lymphocyte homeostasis, particularly of T cells in the bone marrow.
Identification of QTLs for Heat Tolerance at Flowering Stage in Rice

【Objective】To assess the genetic effect of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring heat tolerance at flowering stage in rice. 【Method】 We have developed a set of novel population with 202 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from a cross between 2 indica varieties, T226 (heat tolerant) and T219 (susceptible ), and then treated the RIL population under high temperature regimes in growth chamber during flowering stage in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Main QTLs and epistatic QTLs for heat tolerance at flowering stage were detected. 【Result】A genetic map with a total length of 1 559.6 cM and an average marker interval of 8.3 cM was constructed using 181 SSR markers with polymorphism between the two parents. Seven main effect QTLs and 7 digenic interactions controlling heat tolerance during flowering time were detected in two-year experiments. In 2004 and 2005, 3 and 4 QTLs were detected, totally explaining 29 % and 37.3% of phenotypic variances respectively. The alleles for increasing the heat tolerance were derived from T226 at qHt2, qHt3, qHt8 and qHt12, and from T219 at qHt9a and qHt9b. At the same time, 4 pairs of epistatic effect QTLs on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 11 and 12, and 3 pairs of epistatic effect QTLs on chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 and 9 were also detected. 【Conclusion】 QTLs for heat tolerance during flowering time in rice were controlled by some main-effect with minor effects, and involved in epistatic interactions. The marker RM570-RM148 can be used in marker-assistant-selected method in heat tolerance breeding in rice.
Death in Long-Term Care: Focus Groups and Interviews Identify Strategies to Alleviate Staff Burnout

Context: Interdisciplinary long-term care staff are being challenged with increasing numbers of resident deaths as well as complex resident and family needs. Studies warn that staff responses to the stress generated by residents’ deaths can lead to increased ill health, sick time, burnout, and attrition. Objectives: To alleviate and prevent workplace stress and burnout in staff related to long-term care resident deaths. Methods: Participatory action research design. Qualitative individual interviews and focus groups were carried out within five long-term care homes, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Findings: Two key themes emerged: Challenges Staff Experienced and Supporting Action Strategies. Challenges are reported under five sub-themes: 1) Differing Expectations, 2) Communication, 3) Acknowledgement, 4) Support, and 5) Education. Supporting Action Strategies to minimize the impact of resident death on staff are presented under four sub-themes: 1) the Individual: Practice self-care, awareness, mindfulness; 2) Team: Enhance end-of-life comfort for residents, strengthen support for families, maximize the use of palliative and spiritual care; 3) Organization: Nurture supportive leadership, improve communication, education, resources and 4) Higher learning: Build palliative care/emotional preparation into the curriculum and promote long-term care as a specialist area of healthcare. Limitations: Results may not generalize to other practice contexts; long-term care homes studied are part of a faith-based organization. Implications: Long-term care policy and system changes are needed to support interdisciplinary care staff and provide them with tools, resources, and supports to prevent burnout and cope with the increasing stress of working in long-term care.