Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibition with evolocumab in patients with a history of myocardial infarction in Sweden

Abstract Aims To assess the cost-effectiveness of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibition with evolocumab added to standard-of-care lipid-lowering treatment [maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of statin and ezetimibe] in Swedish patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI). Methods and results Cost-effectiveness was evaluated using a Markov model based on Swedish observational data on cardiovascular event rates and efficacy from the FOURIER trial. Three risk profiles were considered: recent MI in the previous year; history of MI with a risk factor; and history of MI with a second event within 2 years. For each population, three minimum baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were considered: 2.5 mmol/L (≈100 mg/dL), based on the current reimbursement recommendation in Sweden; 1.8 mmol/L (≈70 mg/dL), based on 2016 ESC/EAS guidelines; and 1.4 mmol/L (≈55 mg/dL), or 1.0 mmol/L (≈40 mg/dL) for MI with a second event, based on 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibition with evolocumab was associated with increased quality-adjusted life-years and costs vs. standard-of-care therapy. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were below SEK700 000 (∼€66 500), the generally accepted willingness-to-pay threshold in Sweden, for minimum LDL-C levels of 2.3 (recent MI), 1.7 (MI with a risk factor), and 1.7 mmol/L (MI with a second event). Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that base-case results were robust to changes in model parameters. Conclusion Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibition with evolocumab added to MTD of statin and ezetimibe may be considered cost-effective at its list price for minimum LDL-C levels of 1.7–2.3 mmol/L, depending on risk profile, with ICERs below the accepted willingness-to-pay threshold in Sweden.
Health Literacy in Male-Dominated Occupations

Low levels of health literacy are associated with poorer health outcomes. Both individual- and social-level factors have been identified as predictors of low health literacy, and men are known to have lower health literacy than women. Previous research has reported that men working in male-dominated occupations are at higher risk of accidents, injury, and suicide than other population groups, yet no study to date has examined the effect of gendered occupational contexts on men’s health literacy. The current article examined the association between occupational gender ratio and health literacy among Australian males. The Australian Longitudinal Study on Male Health (Ten to Men) was used to examine associations between occupational gender ratio (measured in Wave 1) and health literacy (measured in Wave 2) across three subscales of the Health Literacy Questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used and showed that the more male dominated an occupational group became, the lower the scores of health literacy were. Results for the different subscales of health literacy for the most male-dominated occupational group, compared to the non-male-dominated group were: ability to find good health information, (Coef. −0.80, 95% CI [−1.05, −0.54], p < .001); ability to actively engage with health-care providers, (Coef. −0.35, 95% CI [−0.62, −0.07], p = .013); and feeling understood and supported by health-care providers, (Coef. −0.48, 95% CI [−0.71, −0.26],p = < .001). The results suggest the need for workplace interventions to address occupation-level factors as an influence on health literacy among Australian men, particularly among the most male-dominated occupational groups.
Is User-Generated Content Always Helpful? The Effects of Online Forum Browsing on Consumers’ Travel Purchase Decisions

Abstract This study examines how the unique information environment of online forums affects consumers' information acquisitions, and further impacts their purchase behavior. Based on the information foraging theory, we hypothesize that the relevant information patches in online forums facilitate consumers' information acquisition processes and increase purchase intention. However, the mixed information scents within online forums could also lead to fewer or no purchases because of distraction from unrelated information. To test the proposed hypotheses, we empirically analyze a unique data set of consumers' webpage browsing histories and purchase behavior from a major online travel agency in China. The findings of this study provide insights into how online forum browsing behavior affects consumers' purchase decisions. The findings also offer important implications for online forum design.
PrefMap: Visualization of fuzzy pairwise preference structures

Fuzzy pairwise preferences are an important model to specify and process expert opinions. A fuzzy pairwise preference matrix contains degrees of preference of each option over each other option. Such degrees of preference are often numerically specified by domain experts. In decision processes it is highly desirable to be able to analyze such preference structures, in order to answer questions like: Which objects are most or least preferred? Are there clusters of options with similar preference? Are the preferences consistent or partially contradictory? An important approach for such analysis is visualization. The goal is to produce good visualizations of preference matrices in order to better understand the expert opinions, to easily identify favorite or less favorite options, to discuss and address inconsistencies, or to reach consensus in group decision processes. Standard methods for visualization of preferences are matrix visualization and chord diagrams, which are not suitable for larger data sets, and which are not able to visualize clusters or inconsistencies. To overcome this drawback we propose PrefMap, a new method for visualizing preference matrices. Experiments with nine artificial and real–world preference data sets indicate that PrefMap yields good visualizations that allow to easily identify favorite and less favorite options, clusters, and inconsistencies, even for large data sets.
Analysing Multi-voiced Strategising and Firm-stakeholder Interaction in Open Source Software Communities

— This paper discusses how to analyse the firm-stakeholder interaction in open source software (OSS) communities by looking at the process from a multi-voiced strategy perspective. We argue that current business models are built on a single-voiced understanding of strategising and interaction. This means that different stakeholders in the OSS communities are left without a voice in firms’ strategy processes. As different actors involved in the OSS communities have sometimes very contradictory intentions and expectations, it is important to discover ways that will help us to better understand the nature of interaction in these communities and to create new ways of strategising that will take into account the different stakeholder perspectives.
Autocomplete Animated Sculpting

Keyframe-based sculpting provides unprecedented freedom to author animated organic models, which can be difficult to create with other methods such as simulation, scripting, and rigging. However, sculpting animated objects can require significant artistic skill and manual labor, even more so than sculpting static 3D shapes or drawing 2D animations, which are already quite challenging. We present a keyframe-based animated sculpting system with the capability to autocomplete user editing under a simple and intuitive brushing interface. Similar to current desktop sculpting and VR brushing tools, users can brush surface details and volume structures. Meanwhile, our system analyzes their workflows and predicts what they might do in the future, both spatially and temporally. Users can accept or ignore these suggestions and thus maintain full control. We propose the first interactive suggestive keyframe sculpting system, specifically for spatio-temporal repetitive tasks, including low-level spatial details and high-level brushing structures across multiple frames. Our key ideas include a deformation-based optimization framework to analyze recorded workflows and synthesize predictions, and a semi-causal global similarity measurement to support flexible brushing stroke sequences and complex shape changes. Our system supports a variety of shape and motion styles, including those difficult to achieve via existing animation systems, such as topological changes that cannot be accomplished via simple rig-based deformations and stylized physically-implausible motions that cannot be simulated. We evaluate our system via a pilot user study that demonstrates the effectiveness of our system.
Clinical Decision Support May Link Multiple Domains to Improve Patient Care: Viewpoint

Integrating clinical decision support (CDS) across the continuum of population-, encounter-, and precision-level care domains may improve hospital and clinic workflow efficiency. Due to the diversity and volume of electronic health record data, complexity of medical and operational knowledge, and specifics of target user workflows, the development and implementation of comprehensive CDS is challenging. Additionally, many providers have an incomplete understanding of the full capabilities of current CDS to potentially improve the quality and efficiency of care delivery. These varied requirements necessitate a multidisciplinary team approach to CDS development for successful integration. Here, we present a practical overview of current and evolving applications of CDS approaches in a large academic setting and discuss the successes and challenges. We demonstrate that implementing CDS tools in the context of linked population-, encounter-, and precision-level care provides an opportunity to integrate complex algorithms at each level into a unified mechanism to improve patient management.
Cardiovascular Disease Screening in Pregnancy

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has surpassed the traditional causes of pregnancy-related mortality, including hemorrhage and thromboembolism in the United States. CVD accounts for ~15.5% of all pregnancy-related deaths. Pregnancy is a “natural cardiovascular stress test” for a woman. The physiological changes in the maternal hemodynamics that are geared to accommodate the growing needs of the fetal-placental unit may also lead to symptoms that are indistinguishable from those of CVD, especially in the third trimester of pregnancy. It is imperative that an obstetric provider is able to differentiate symptoms of normal pregnancy from those of a pathologic process.
Study on the Interaction of Propofol with Supported Bilayer Lipid Membrane by Electrochemistry Method

In this paper,supported bilayer lipid membrane(s-BLM) was served as a biomembrane model.The interaction between propofol and s-BLM was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry and ac impedance spectroscopy.The results showed that propofol could decrease the orderliness of lecithin molecule and induce pores or defects on s-BLM.The interaction depended on time,propofol concentration and cholesterol.
Antisocial Online Behavior Detection Using Deep Learning

Abstract Digitalization shifts human communication to online platforms, which has many benefits but also builds up a space for antisocial online behavior (AOB) such as harassment, insult and other forms of hateful textual content. Online platforms have good reasons to monitor and moderate such content. The paper examines the viability of automatic content monitoring using deep machine learning and natural language processing (NLP). More specifically, we consolidate prior work in the field of antisocial online behavior detection and compare relevant approaches to recent NLP models in an empirical study. Covering important methodological advancements in NLP including bidirectional encoding, attention, hierarchical text representations, and pre-trained transformer-based language models, and extending previous approaches by introducing a pseudo-sentence hierarchical attention network, the paper provides a comprehensive summary of the state-of-affairs in NLP-based AOB detection, clarifies the detection accuracy that is attainable with today's technology, discusses whether this degree is sufficient for deploying deep learning-based text screening systems, and approaches the interpretability topic.
Risk Assessment of Water Quantity and Quality Stressors to Balance the Use and Protection of Vulnerable Water Resources

In developing regions of the world, valuable and vulnerable water resources are being used excessively. Through water resource development, multiple water quality, flow, and other stressors threaten the sustainable use and protection of these resources. Few attempts have been made to evaluate the synergistic effects of multiple water quality and flow stressors to socioecological attributes of systems that we care about in integrated water resource management. Regional scale ecological risk assessments evaluate the probable negative effects of multiple stressors, affecting dynamic ecosystems on multiple spatial scales. The present study demonstrates how multiple water quality, flow, and other stressors that cumulatively affect the sustainability of the lower Thukela River, South Africa, can be evaluated using the relative risk model, Bayesian network (RRM‐BN) approach. This risk assessment facilitated the establishment of minimum water quality and flow requirements to maintain the sustainability of this system and make water resource use and protection trade‐off decisions. In this case study, the risk of 10 water resources use and protection scenarios were evaluated in a regional scale ecological risk assessment of the socioecological attributes of the lower Thukela River. In addition we evaluated the consequences associated with these scenarios based on risk pathways of multiple sources, stressors, and receptors to endpoints that represent the sustainable vision of multiple stakeholders of the system. The outcomes of the present study have contributed to new evidence to improve the water resource use efficiency and protect important resources of the lower Thukela River, to ensure sustainability. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:110–130. © 2020 SETAC
ME,'TABOLISM OF 7-H3-El'INE'HRI1 NIE-d-BLITAiTRltA''ATE IN NORMNAL YOUNG MEN

Because of the numerous and important physiological and biochemical actions of epinephrine, the inactivation and metabolism of this and other catechol amines have been the subject of considerable interest, especially in recent years. In 1951 Schayer demonstrated in the urine of rats the presence of four metabolic products of injected C14-epinephrine, but these remained unidentified (1). As recently as 1957 the major pathways and products of catechol amine metabolism were unknown, although it was assumed that the primary route of disposition was mainly by way of oxidative deamination (2, 3). In 1957 Armstrong, McMillan and Shaw identified 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid as a major nietabolite of epinephrine and norepinephrine (4). Considering the possible routes of metabolism of the catechol amines in the light of this report, Axelrod sought and demonstrated a new pathway of epinephrine metabolism by 3-0methylation (5). He showed that 3-0-methyl epinephrine (metanephrine) was formed in vitro when a nonparticulate fraction of rat liver was incubated with epinephrine and S-adenosyl-methionine (5), and that metanephrine was excreted in the urine of rats, both under normal conditions and after the intraperitoneal administration of l-epinephrine bitartrate (5). The magnitude of the 0-methylation pathway in rats was estimated by Axelrod, Inscoe, Senoh and Witkop, They concluded that about 70 per cent of epinephrine was 0-methylated (6). In 1958 a preliminary report was published by LaBrosse, Axelrod and Kety, which indicated that 0-methylation was also the principal route of metabolism of epinephrine in man (7). Earlier studies on epinephrine metabolism in man (7-10) were necessarily limited by insufficient knowledge of the nature of the metabolites, lack of adequate methods for their quantification or incomplete accountability of the excretion of the infused radioactivity, and accurate evaluation of the alternate pathways was not possible. The recent identification of an additional metabolite of epinephrine, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, by Axelrod, Kopin and Mann (11), the use or development of improved methods for the separation and estimation of this and other metabolites, and the advantages associated with the use of tritium-labeled epinephrine of high specific activity have warranted a further examination of the metabolites of epinephrine in man.
Calcification in the Green Alga Halimeda

In Halimeda cylindracea and H. tuna segments, the concentration of CaCC>3, MgC03, protein, and chlorophyll, as well as segment volume and wet and dry weight, increase with 'age' i.e. from the apex of a branch downwards. Photosynthetic and calcification rates decrease with age as does the degree of light stimulation of calcification. Studies of the exchange of 45Ca between the Halimeda thallus and the sea water under various conditions showed that most of the Ca exchange is between the cell walls, the aragonite crystals, and the intercellular space. The cell wall has two distinguishable phases with half times (? 0-5) of 200 and 35 min while the CaCOs has a rapidly exchanging phase with a io-5 of approximately 6 min. The io-5 of the exchange of Ca between the intercellular space and the ex ternal medium is estimated at about 6 min, on the basis of uptake studies. If the integrity of the barrier between the intercellular space and the external sea water, created by the adpressed peripheral utricles is destroyed the io-5 is smaller (<|3 min). These kinetic studies as well as comparative measurements of calcification rates by both isotopic and chemical methods show that the 45Ca method for measuring calcification rates overestimates the calcification rate, due to binding of 45Ca in the cell walls and retention of 45Ca in the intercellular space. The 14C method gives more accurate results and has the further advantage of allowing simultaneous measurement of the photosynthetic and calcification rate on the same segment.
Factors Related to 30-day Readmission following Hospitalization for Any Medical Reason among Patients with Mental Disorders: Facteurs liés à la réhospitalisation à 30 jours suivant une hospitalisation pour une raison médicale chez des patients souffrant de troubles mentaux

Objective: This study evaluated the contributions of clinical, sociodemographic, and service use variables to the risk of early readmission, defined as readmission within 30 days of discharge following hospitalization for any medical reason (mental or physical illnesses), among patients with mental disorders in Quebec (Canada). Methods: In this longitudinal study, 2,954 hospitalized patients who had visited 1 of 6 Quebec emergency departments (ED) in 2014 to 2015 (index year) were identified through clinical administrative databanks. The first hospitalization was considered that may have occurred at any Quebec hospital. Data collected between 2012 and 2013 and 2013 and 2014 on clinical, sociodemographic, and service use variables were assessed as related to readmission/no readmission within 30 days of discharge using hierarchical binary logistic regression. Results: Patients with co-occurring substance-related disorders/chronic physical illnesses, serious mental disorders, or adjustment disorders (clinical variables); 4+ outpatient psychiatric consultations with the same psychiatrist; and patients hospitalized for any medical reason within 12 months prior to index hospitalization (service use variables) were more likely to be readmitted within 30 days of discharge. Patients who made 1 to 3 ED visits within 1 year prior to the index hospitalization, had their index hospitalization stay of 16 to 29 days, or consulted a physician for any medical reason within 30 days after discharge or prior to the readmission (service use variables) were less likely to be rehospitalized. Conclusions: Early hospital readmission was more strongly associated with clinical variables, followed by service use variables, both playing a key role in preventing early readmission. Results suggest the importance of developing specific interventions for patients at high risk of readmission such as better discharge planning, integrated and collaborative care, and case management. Overall, better access to services and continuity of care before and after hospital discharge should be provided to prevent early hospital readmission.
Quantification of Myocardial Perfusion With Vasodilation Using Arterial Spin Labeling at 1.5T

Myocardial perfusion is evaluated in first‐pass MRI using a gadolinium‐based contrast agent, which limits its repeatability and restricts its use in patients with abnormal kidney function. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a promising technique for measuring myocardial perfusion without contrast injection. The ratio of stress to rest perfusion, termed myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR), is an indicator of the severity of stenosis in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).
Medicinal Plants from Deccan Ecoregion, India: Traditional Knowledge, Ethnopharmacology, Cultivation, Utilization, Conservation and Biotechnology - Opportunities and Impediments

An annotated synopsis of prominent Medicinal and Aromatic plants (MAPs) from the Deccan ecoregion of India viz., Aegle marmelos, Andrographis paniculata, Argyreia nervosa, Aristolochia indica, Asparagus racemosus, Azadirachta indica, Bacopa monnieri, Bixa orellana, Boswellia serrata, Butea monosperma, B. superba, Centella asiatica, Celastrus paniculatus, Chlorophytum arundinaceum, C. tuberosum, Commiphora wightii, Costus speciosus, Curcuma pseudomontana, Cycas circinalis, Decalepis hamiltonii, Drosera burmanii, D. indica, Embelia ribes, Entada pursaetha, Fagonia cretica, Gardenia gummifera, Gloriosa superba, Gymnema sylvestre, Ocimum sanctum, Oroxylum indicum, Piper longum, P. nigrum, Plumbago rosea, Pterocarpus marsupium, P. santalinus, Pueraria tuberosa, Rauvolfia serpentina, R. tetraphylla, Santalum album, Saraca asoka, Schleichera oleosa, Sterculia urens, Strychnos nux-vomica, S. potatorum, Terminalia arjuna, T. chebula, T. pallida, Tinospora cordifolia, Urginea nagarjunae, Vanda tessellate, Vitex trifolia, V. negundo, Withania somnifera, and Zanthoxylum alatum, ethnopharmacological utilization and conservation are presented in this paper together with the issues and challenges to achieve this goal. Ex situ conservation and cultivation of selected Redlisted plants of the Deccan ecoregion was initiated in 2000 at the University of Hyderabad and are being maintained in a field gene bank and seed bank. A special feature of the medicinal flora in the Deccan ecoregion is the preponderance of plants that provide raw material for addressing a wide range of medical disorders and pharmaceutical requirements.
MRI of [2‐13C]Lactate without J‐coupling artifacts

Imaging of [2‐13C]lactate, a metabolic product of [2‐13C]pyruvate, is over considerable interest in hyperpolarized 13C studies. However, artifact‐free imaging of a J‐coupled nuclear spin species can be challenging due to the peak‐splitting induced by the spin‐spin interactions. In this work, two new techniques resolving these J‐modulated artifacts are presented.