Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in the Acetogenic Population in a Mesophilic Anaerobic Digester in Response to Increasing Ammonia Concentration

Changes in the acetogenic population were investigated in an experimental laboratory-scale biogas reactor (37 ° C) subjected to gradually elevated ammonia levels (0.8 to 6.9 g NH 4 + -N L − 1 ). A shift from aceticlastic acetate degradation to syntrophic acetate oxidation had previously been confirmed in this reactor. In a parallel control reactor, operating at constant ammonia levels (0.65–0.90 g NH 4 + -N L − 1 ), acetate degradation proceeded via the aceticlastic pathway throughout the operating period (660 d). The acetogenic populations in the reactors were analysed using degenerated primers designed to target the functional gene encoding a key enzyme of the acetyl-CoA pathway, 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (FTHFS). The analysis consisted of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis coupled with the construction of clone libraries, and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. The T-RFLP data obtained were statistically analysed by non-metric multidimensional scaling. The most abundant FTHFS genes recovered in the clone libraries were assigned to terminal restriction fragments of the T-RFLP profile. The results of the investigation clearly indicated that increased ammonia concentration substantially influenced the putative acetogenic population structure and caused two distinct shifts of the most abundant members; however, the identity of the dominating species remains unknown, as none of the genes had been identified previously. Despite the shifts in the population, the qPCR analysis revealed a relatively stable abundance of the acetogenic population throughout the operation.
Type 1 Diabetes in Murine Models Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Prevent

Effective immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes (T1D) relies on active induction of peripheral tolerance. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a critical role in suppressing immune responses in various pathologic settings via multiple mechanisms, including expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs). In this study, we investigated whether MDSCs could act as APCs to induce expansion of Ag-speciﬁc Tregs, suppress T cell proliferation, and prevent autoimmune T1D development. We found that MDSC-mediated expansion of Tregs and T cell suppression required MHC-dependent Ag presentation. A murine T1D model was estab-lished in INS-HA/RAG 2 / 2 mice in which animals received CD4-HA-TCR transgenic T cells via adoptive transfer. We found a signiﬁcant reduction in the incidence of diabetes in recipients receiving MDSC plus HA, but not OVA peptide, leading to 75% diabetes-free mice among the treated animals. To test further whether MDSCs could prevent diabetes onset in NOD mice, nondiabetic NOD/SCID mice were injected with inﬂammatory T cells from diabetic NOD mice. MDSCs signiﬁcantly prevented diabetes onset, and 60% of MDSC-treated mice remained diabetes free. The pancreata of treated mice showed signiﬁcantly lower levels of lymphocyte inﬁltration in islet and less insulitis compared with that of the control groups. The protective effects of MDSCs might be mediated by inducing anergy in autoreactive T cells and the development of CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + Tregs. Thist study demonstrates a remarkable capacity of transferred MDSCs to downregulate Ag-speciﬁc autoimmune responses and prevent diabetes onset, suggesting that MDSCs possess
Sociolinguistic and Extralinguistic Aspects of the Functioning of the Trilingualism in the Oil Industry of Kazakhstan

22, 2022 ABSTRACTThe purpose of the research. This paper describes the linguistic situation in the oil industry of Kazakhstan. The linguistic situation in the oil industry of Kazakhstan is characterized by functioning of the trilingualism with three languages being used simultaneously – Kazakh, Russian and English. Methods and procedure of research. A survey was conducted among industry staff for the level identification of Kazakh-Russian-English trilingualism. Based on questionnaire method, we interviewed 600 oil industry specialists comparing the level of proficiency in the second and third languages, identifying the level of activity and particular spheres of communication for L1, L2, L3 for informants with different socio-demographic
Automatic NC Toolpath Generation for 3D Sculptured Features Extracted from 2D Image

iv List of tables . vii List of figures . viii Acronyms . x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 CONCEPT OF TRANSLATION OF 2-D IMAGE TO 3-D FEATURES. 2 1.1.1 Image representation . 4 1.1.2 Digital image . 4 1.1. 3 Image Size and Resolution . 5 1.1. 4 Grayscale image conversion . 7 1.1. 5 depth extraction . 8 1.1. 7 Depth map up scaling &smoothing . 9 1.2 POINT CLOUD DATA BASED MODELING AND TOOL PATH PLANNING . 9 1.3WEB BASE APPLICATIONS . 10 1.4PRESENT WORK . 11 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 12 2.1 IMAGE PROCESSING FOR 2D IMAGE CONVERSION TO 3D DATA. 12 2.2 NOISE REDUCTION . 13 2.3 DEPTH MAPPING . 13 2.4 TOOL PATH GENERATION METHOD FOR POINT CLOUD DATA . 14 2.5 WEB-BASED NC TOOLPATH GENERATION METHODS. 15 2.6 CONCLUSION OF LITERATURE REVIEW . 16 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY . 17 3.1 NETBEANS INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT . 17 3.1.1 Itegrated modules . 17 3.1.1 Programming language for web development . 18 3.2 IMAGE RGB TO GRAYSCALE . 18 3.2.1 Suitable image . 18 3.2.2 Conversion to Grayscale . 21
Analysis of late potentials using the interference terms of the Wigner distribution

Often Wigner distribution's interference terms are considered "undesirable" artifacts in the time-frequency plane because they do not permit to observe important components of the analyzed signal, nevertheless, these interference terms could be a very useful tool in analysis of multicomponent signals, for instance, they can be employed to break up a signal into a sum of parts. This paper presents a time-frequency representation to analyze late potentials by means of interference terms interpretation of the Wigner distribution with ventricular tachycardia patients.
Disaggregating Within- and Between-Person Variation in the Disaggregating Within- and Between-Person Variation in the Prospective Relations between Acculturation Gap-Distress and Prospective Relations between Acculturation Gap-Distress and Psychological Adjustment Psychological Adjustment

According to acculturation gap-distress theory, parent-offspring differences in cultural orientations set the stage for intergenerational cultural conflict, which may contribute to poor psychological adjustment among Asian American offspring. Although cross-sectional research has demonstrated robust links between intergenerational cultural conflict and poor psychological adjustment, a small number of longitudinal studies have yielded mixed evidence for the theorized pathway of acculturation gap-distress. To address limitations of existing research, I aimed to examine between- and within-person associations between intergenerational cultural conflict and psychological adjustment in a three-wave longitudinal panel study. Participants were Asian American first-year college students ( N = 475; 55.6% women; M age = 18.00; 70.7% U.S.-born) who reported their frequency of intergenerational cultural conflict, neuroticism, and internalizing symptoms, subjective well-being, and self-esteem across three measurement occasions. Latent growth curve modeling was used to examine the changes in intergenerational cultural conflict over time. Using multilevel modeling, I examined the prospective within- and between-person associations between intergenerational cultural conflict and psychological adjustment, and the extent to which neuroticism and gender moderated the within-person associations. The frequency of intergenerational cultural conflict decreased across measurement occasions. There were over between intergenerational cultural and psychological supported Theoretical implications are discussed.
Distribution Network Reconfiguration Via Service Restoration By Using IABC Algorithm Considering Distributed Generation

Distribution network consists of several feeders with many switches. The feeder lines are often cut accidentally by heavy equipments, natural disaster or intentional attacks which causes blackouts along affected feeders. Therefore, by applying service restoration via network reconfiguration, it will able to revive as many loads as possible by transferring loads in inoperative areas to other distribution feeder via changing the switches status and will help to protect the load and overcome blackout to the consumers. Hence, distribution system must be properly equipped and planned so that consumers will get uninterrupted supply of power without interruption due to out of service area. The main idea of this technique is to alter the network topology by changing the switches state on feeders. Therefore, optimization method which is known from foraging behaviour of honey bee swarm called as Improve Artificial Bee Colony(IABC) has been introduced. The main objectives of this study are to restore blackout area distribution network by changing the appropriate switches state on the distribution feeders with proper size of DG while reduce power losses by employing improved ABC algorithm in distribution network reconfiguration. The study has been tested with IEEE-33 bus system by using the simulation in MATLAB environment. Hopefully by this proposed studies which is Distribution Network Reconfiguration with Service Restoration by using improved ABC algorithm will help in securing the network system while increasing the performance of energy supply in the future respectively.
PRACTICES AND INTEGRATION OF ICT AT PRIVATE HIGHER SECONDARY LEVEL IN PAKISTAN

The current exploratory study investigates the acquaintance of teachers’ information in communication technology (henceforth, ICT) and its integration in teaching-learning process at private higher secondary level in Pakistan. The study adopts a quantitative technique and a variety of variables pertaining to the familiarity with computers in teaching-learning were examined. Subsequently, using a purposive sampling, 200 questionnaires were disseminated to the teachers. Total 169 instruments were returned and 133 were keyed into SPSS after filtering and cleaning the data. Descriptive means, percentages, crosstabs, and rank order were computed to report findings. The study revealed that 75% teachers had been formally trained for ICT, 67% teachers had access to computers and 53% had access to internet at their institution as well as home. Results show that ‘use of Email’, ‘internet browsing’, and ‘word-processing’ were most familiar tools. On the other hand, ‘collection of teaching/reference material’, ‘preparing papers’, and ‘teaching materials’ were being used for teaching purposes.
Package ‘lcmm’

for the estimation of latent class mixed models (LCMM), joint latent class mixed models for longitudinal and survival data (JLCM) and latent process mixed models (with or without latent classes of trajectory) for univariate and multivariate longitudinal outcomes of different types including curvilinear and ordinal outcomes. All the models are estimated in a maximum likelihood framework using an iterative algorithm. The package also provides various post ﬁt functions.
Linear dynamometer testing of hydraulic artificial muscles with variable recruitment

A novel, meso-scale hydraulic actuator characterization test platform, termed a linear hydraulic actuator characterization device, is demonstrated and characterized in this study. The linear hydraulic actuator characterization device is applied to testing McKibben artificial muscles and is used to show the energy savings due to the implementation of a variable recruitment muscle control scheme. The linear hydraulic actuator characterization device is a hydraulic linear dynamometer that can be controlled to enable a desired force and stroke profile to be prescribed to the artificial muscles. The linear hydraulic actuator characterization device consists of a drive actuator that is connected in series with the test muscles. Thus, the drive cylinder can act as a controlled disturbance to the artificial muscles to simulate various loading conditions. With the ability to control the loading conditions of the artificial muscles, the linear hydraulic actuator characterization device offers the ability to experimentally validate the muscles’ performance and energetic characteristics. For instance, the McKibben muscles’ quasi-static force–stroke capabilities, as well as the power savings of a variable recruitment control scheme, are measured and presented in this work. Moreover, the development and fabrication of this highly versatile characterization test platform for hydraulic actuators is described in this article, and the characterization test results and efficiency study results are presented.
LANDFORMS OF IOWA

rival issues were the preservation of urban fringe open spaces as educational facilities and places for civilizing the masses versus the desire for pleasure grounds that enhanced the land values of abutting properties. Ponte recalls Downing’s plea for parks that would "civilize and refine the national character [and] foster love of rural beauty" (pp. 385-386). She attributes Olmsted’s democratic ideals to his inspiration in the "People’s Garden," Birkenhead Park. Judith Major’s piece on A.J. Downing is one of the most insightful of the essays, clarifying his ten-year maturation from an American advocate ofJ. C. Loudon’s "gardenesque" approach to his more practical, less lofty design ideals based on the use of native plants rather than exotics. Fran§oise Boudin’s "Garden History and Cartography" is an important cautionary reminder of the value of using maps as "one of the fundamental documentary sources of the history of gardens" (p. 125), since there was often too much "distortion ̄. artistic whim or convention" (p. 129) employed in the creation of engravings of historic gardens. The Architecture of Western Gardens is one of the most ambitious and impressive compilations of writings on the subject of Western gardens in recent years. While it disclaims any "pretense to be a new and up-to-date Marie Louise Gothein (A History of Garden Art, 1928), nor does it have the encyclopedic breadth of The Oxford Companion to Gardens (1986)" (p. 11) by GeoffreyJellicoe et al., it makes a positive contribution to the literature in the field. It should pique an interest in further study among its readers, and it is hoped that many of the contributors to this book will soon follow with a book-length treatment of their topics. William A. Mann is Associate Prolessor of Landscape Architecture, the School of Environmental Design, the University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602. LANDFORMS OF IOWA, by Jean C. Prior. Iowa City, University of Iowa Press, 1991. xi + 153 pages, glossary, supplementary readings, selected references, index, $32.95 clothbound, 14.95 paperbound.
ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Image Analysis of Charged Bimodal Colloidal Systems in Image Analysis of Charged Bimodal Colloidal Systems in Microgravity. Microgravity.

Colloids are suspensions of two or more phases and have been topics of research for advanced, tunable materials for decades. Stabilization of colloids is typically attributed to thermodynamic mechanisms; however, recent studies have identified transport or entropic mechanisms that can potentially stabilize a thermodynamically unstable colloidal system. In this study, suspensions of silsesquioxane microparticles and zirconia nanoparticles were dispersed in a nitric acid solution and allowed to aggregate for 8-12 days in microgravity aboard the International Space Station. The suspensions were subsequently imaged periodically at 2.5x magnification. Due to the inadequacy of existing image analysis programs, the python package “Colloidspy” was developed to process these images and extract cluster boundaries. Trends of cluster area over time revealed two distinct behaviors. Some samples showed very low cluster growth rates and high cluster areas compared to microparticle size, while others showed an initial rapid growth phase, slowing to the low cluster growth rates of the other samples. The presence of this characteristic nonlinear phase coupled with the striking similarity in final growth rates of all samples suggests that the undocumented time between sample mixing and start of imaging may have been large enough that there was nonlinear growth in all samples, but only the final slow growth phase was captured in many of the samples. This type of behavior is not consistent with the linear agglomeration predictions of existing theory based on thermodynamic stabilization, but could be explained by the lack of buoyancy forces in microgravity allowing the space between clusters to increase as small clusters are incorporated into larger agglomerations. Further agglomeration could have been dominated by transport limitations even through the solution is still thermodynamically
Improvement of Turnover Drum in PROTOS2-2 Cigarette Making and Tipping Machine Combination

The cone-shaped turnover drum assembly in PROTOS2-2 high speed cigarette making and tipping machine combination requires fine setting and wears quickly under high speed running which results in machine noise.The appearance of cigarette inclines to be deteriorated because of the impact caused by the speed difference at cigarette transfer point.Therefore,the turnover drum was improved: 1) dispensing with cam mechanism to avoid the negative effects caused by cam wear in high speed rotating;2) replacing gear drive with a separate servo motor to avoid the problems of wear,noise and fine setting;3) accurate cigarette movement control to ensure gentle and smooth transfer of cigarette before and after turnover.The results of dynamic PRO/E simulation showed that both the speed of cigarette transfer and torque of servo motor came up to design expectation.The cone-shaped turnover drum with servo motor drive can be installed and set quickly and conveniently and well adapts to the 16000 cigs. /min speed of PROTOS2-2.
The Role of Country-Level Availability and Generosity of Healthcare Services, and Old-Age Ageism for Missed Healthcare during the COVID-19 Pandemic Control Measures in Europe

Objectives: The effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on non-COVID-19-related healthcare need further investigation. Methods: Using the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe’s COVID-19 module (2020) (N = 57,025), country-level data from the European Social Survey (2008) and OECD (2020), and logistic regressions, this study examines predictors of older Europeans’ forgone, postponed, and denied healthcare during the pandemic. Results: Country-level availability of physicians, healthcare systems’ generosity, and beliefs that older persons burden healthcare systems all increased forgone healthcare. Healthcare system generosity increased postponed and denied healthcare. Greater medical resources decreased denied healthcare. Furthermore, missed healthcare varied by individual-level gender (higher rates among women), age, education, and health. Discussion: This study reveals predictors of missed healthcare during the pandemic. To decrease unintended health consequences of a pandemic, both individual-level determinants, such as gender and health, and contextual-level determinants, such as healthcare systems’ characteristics, should be considered in research and practice.
Opioid overdose decedent characteristics during COVID-19

Abstract Introduction Alongside the emergence of COVID-19 in the United States, several reports highlighted increasing rates of opioid overdose from preliminary data. Yet, little is known about how state-level opioid overdose death trends and decedent characteristics have evolved using official death records. Methods We requested vital statistics data from 2018–2020 from all 50 states and the District of Columbia, receiving data from 14 states. Accounting for COVID-19, we excluded states without data past March 2020, leaving 11 states for analysis. We defined state-specific analysis periods from March 13 until the latest reliable date in each state’s data, then conducted retrospective year-over-year analyses comparing opioid-related overdose death rates, the presence of specific opioids and other psychoactive substances, and decedents’ sex, race, and age from 2020 to 2019 and 2019 to 2018 within each state’s analysis period. We assessed whether significant changes in 2020 vs. 2019 in opioid overdose deaths were new or continuing trends using joinpoint regression. Results We found significant increases in opioid-related overdose death rates in Alaska (55.3%), Colorado (80.2%), Indiana (40.1%), Nevada (50.0%), North Carolina (30.5%), Rhode Island (29.6%), and Virginia (66.4%) – all continuing previous trends. Increases in synthetic opioid-involved overdose deaths were new in Alaska (136.5%), Indiana (27.6%), and Virginia (16.5%), whilst continuing in Colorado (44.4%), Connecticut (3.6%), Nevada (75.0%), and North Carolina (14.6%). We found new increases in male decedents in Indiana (12.0%), and continuing increases in Colorado (15.2%). We also found continuing increases in Black non-Hispanic decedents in Massachusetts (43.9%) and Virginia (33.7%). Conclusion This research analyzes vital statistics data from 11 states, highlighting new trends in opioid overdose deaths and decedent characteristics across 10 of these states. These findings can inform state-specific public health interventions and highlight the need for timely and comprehensive fatal opioid overdose data, especially amidst concurrent crises such as COVID-19. Key messages: Our results highlight shifts in opioid overdose trends during the COVID-19 pandemic that cannot otherwise be extracted from aggregated or provisional opioid overdose death data such as those published by the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Fentanyl and other synthetic opioids continue to drive increases in fatal overdoses, making it difficult to separate these trends from any possible COVID-19-related factors. Black non-Hispanic people are making up an increasing proportion of opioid overdose deaths in some states. State-specific limitations and variations in data-reporting for vital statistics make it challenging to acquire and analyse up-to-date data on opioid-related overdose deaths. More timely and comprehensive data are needed to generate broader insights on the nature of the intersecting opioid and COVID-19 crises
Long-Term Prediction of Blood Glucose Levels in Type 1 Diabetes Using a CNN-LSTM-Based Deep Neural Network

Background: In this work, we leverage state-of-the-art deep learning–based algorithms for blood glucose (BG) forecasting in people with type 1 diabetes. Methods: We propose stacks of convolutional neural network and long short-term memory units to predict BG level for 30-, 60-, and 90-minute prediction horizon (PH), given historical glucose measurements, meal information, and insulin intakes. The evaluation was performed on two data sets, Replace-BG and DIAdvisor, representative of free-living conditions and in-hospital setting, respectively. Results: For 90-minute PH, our model obtained mean absolute error of 17.30 ± 2.07 and 18.23 ± 2.97 mg/dL, root mean square error of 23.45 ± 3.18 and 25.12 ± 4.65 mg/dL, coefficient of determination of 84.13 ± 4.22% and 82.34 ± 4.54%, and in terms of the continuous glucose-error grid analysis 94.71 ± 3.89% and 91.71 ± 4.32% accurate predictions, 1.81 ± 1.06% and 2.51 ± 0.86% benign errors, and 3.47 ± 1.12% and 5.78 ± 1.72% erroneous predictions, for Replace-BG and DIAdvisor data sets, respectively. Conclusion: Our investigation demonstrated that our method achieved superior glucose forecasting compared with existing approaches in the literature, and thanks to its generalizability showed potential for real-life applications.