Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Glottolog Data Explorer: Mapping the world’s languages

We present T HE G LOTTOLOG D ATA E XPLORER , an interactive web application in which the world’s languages are mapped using a JavaScript library in the ‘Shiny’ framework for R (Chang et al., 2016). The world’s languages and major dialects are mapped using coordinates from the Glottolog database (Hammarström et al., 2016). The application is primarily intended to portray the endangerment status of the world’s languages, and hence the default map shows the languages colour-coded for this factor. Subsequently, the user may opt to hide (or re-introduce) data subsets by endangerment status, and to resize the datapoints by speaker counts. Tooltips allow the user to view language family classiﬁcation and links the user to the relevant Glottolog webpage for each entry. We provide a data table for exploration of the languages by various factors. The web application is freely available at http://cainesap.shinyapps. io/langmap
An Analysis of Edge Orientation and Magnitude in Co-occurrence Feature Descriptor

: Fundamental study on image feature descriptor for robust object detection is one of the essential issues in computer vision ﬁeld. Local image features are effectively utilized for classifying a target object and background so that they are applied to face, human, vehicle detection systems. Many types of feature descriptor have been proposed in these days. Co-occurrence feature is known as the highest recognition performance among the feature descriptors. This paper analyzes edge orientation and magnitude in co-occurrence feature by adopting co-occurrence histograms of oriented gradients (CoHOG) [6] and its extended feature [7]. Extended CoHOG (ECoHOG) additionally extracts edge magnitude against CoHOG that acquires only edge direction pairs. The effectiveness of the magnitude in co-occurrence feature is proved on pedestrian detection performance test using INRIA person dataset and Daimler pedestrian benchmark dataset.
Epigaeic beetle communities of the Green Triangle plantation landscape, southern Australia: effect of remnant size, vegetation quality and structural complexity

Summary Across the Green Triangle plantation landscape of south-eastern South Australia and south-western Victoria there remain remnant patches of native vegetation which vary considerably in both size and vegetation quality. This study focused on how the vegetation quality and or size of remnants embedded within the bluegum (Eucalyptus globulus) plantation landscape influence the local ground-dwelling Coleoptera (beetle) assemblages found within them. The aim was to particularise those remnant characteristics (in terms of size and vegetation quality) that are likely to result in the most effective protective management of local remnant beetle biodiversity. Pitfall sampling was carried out over a 13-month period. All beetles sampled via pitfall traps were identified to family level, and the three most abundant beetle families (Carabidae, Staphylinidae and Tenebrionidae) identified to genus. Remnant vegetation was assigned to one of the four quality categories (as defined by the Land for Wildlife (LFW) method), and structural attributes of the vegetation surrounding each trap were also measured. Different beetle taxa responded independently to remnant vegetation quality and size, and to the measured vegetation structural variables. Mean beetle family abundance and estimated richness increased with decreasing remnant vegetation quality. However, when Carabidae, Staphylinidae and Tenebrionidae beetle families were analysed separately at genus level, taxa responded independently to vegetation quality and size. Furthermore, different vegetation structural variables such as the percentage cover of litter and shrubs as well as the number of overstorey stems were correlated with estimated richness of different beetle taxa. Beetle abundance was significantly influenced by mean litter depth and shrub and litter cover. This study also showed that remnants of different vegetation quality supported beetle assemblages composed of significantly different communities. However, these differences were not consistent between all sites of different vegetation quality, suggesting that there may be additional ecological characteristics within the landscape responsible for shaping remnant beetle communities. No single, specific quality of remnant vegetation was optimal for supporting the most diverse assemblage of beetles, as different taxa responded independently. A range of remnants of differing qualities maintained across the landscape may provide the resources needed for the widest range of beetle taxa, by accommodating their varying habitat requirements.
EXTRACTION OF ATTRIBUTES AND VALUES FROM ONLINE TEXTS

Web documents contain vast amounts of information that can be extracted and processed to enhance the understanding of online data. Often, the structure of the document can be exploited in order to identify useful information within it. Pairs of attributes and their corresponding values are one such example of information frequently found in many online retail websites. These concentrated bits of information are often enclosed in specific tags of the web document, or highlighted with certain markers which can be automatically discovered and identified. This way, different methods can be employed to extract new pairs from other, more or less similar, documents. The method presented in this paper relies on the DOM (Document Object Model) structure and the text within web pages in order to extract patterns consisting of tags and pieces of text and then to classify them. Several classifiers have been compared and the best results have been obtained with a C4.5 decision tree classifier.
Automated Measurement of Competencies and Generation of Feedback in Object-Oriented Programming Courses

To overcome the shortage of computer specialists, there is an increased need for correspondent study and training offers, in particular for learning programming. The automated assessment of solutions to programming tasks could relieve teachers of time-consuming corrections and provide individual feedback even in online courses without any personal teacher. The e-assessment system JACK has been successfully applied for more than 12 years up to now, e.g., in a CS1 lecture. However, there are only few solid research results on competencies and competence models for object-oriented programming (OOP), which could be used as a foundation for high-quality feedback.In a joint research project of research groups at two universities, we aim to empirically define competencies for OOP using a mixed-methods approach. In a first step, we performed a qualitative content analysis of source code (sample solutions and students’ solutions) and as a result identified a set of suitable competency components that forms the core of further investigations. Semi-structured interviews with learners will be used to identify difficulties and misconceptions of the learners and to adapt the set of competency components. Based on that we will use Item Response Theory (IRT) to develop an automatically evaluable test instrument for the implementation of abstract data types. We will further develop empirically founded and competency-based feedback that can be used in e-assessment systems and MOOCs.
Purification and some properties of pectinesterase from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) alpha cultivar

Pectinesterase was extracted from potato alpha cultivar, purified and partially characterized The used protocol resulted in a 58.8-fold purification (51 850.2 units/mg protein) with 15.5% recovery of pectinesterase activity. The purified enzyme had a molecular weight of 27 kDa and its isoelectric point was around 4.5 with pH and temperature optima of 8.0 and 60°C, respectively. The purified enzyme had a single symmetric peak of specific activity after chromatographic steps. The homogeneity of the purified pectinesterase was confirmed by gel filtration and polyacrylamide electrophoresis gel.
LODsyndesis IE : Entity Extraction from Text and Enrichment using Hundreds of Linked Datasets

We shall demonstrate LODsyndesis IE , which is a research prototype that oﬀers Entity Extraction from text and Entity Enrichment for the extracted entities, using several Linked Datasets. LODsyndesis IE exploits widely used Named Entity Extraction and Disambiguation tools (i.e., DBpedia Spotlight, WAT and Stanford CoreNLP) for identifying the entities of a given text, and enriches each identi(cid:12)ed entity with hyper-links to LODsyndesis , which oﬀers various services for millions of entities by leveraging hundreds of Linked Datasets. LODsyndesis IE brings several bene(cid:12)ts to the entity extraction task: the user can a) annotate the entities of a given text by selecting diﬀerent entity recognition tools, b) retrieve all the URIs and facts of each recognized entity from multiple datasets, and c) discover the K most relevant datasets (e.g., datasets containing the most facts) for each entity. The demo is available at https://demos.isl. ics.forth. gr/LODsyndesisIE/ .
Does Control of Corruption Accelerate Economic Growth in Botswana?

The vector author egression model (VAR) was employed to examine the impact of control of corruption on economic growth of Botswana covering the period of 19962014. The results show that government effectiveness, exports of goods and services are significant at 0.03 and 0.07 respectively and have a positive relationship with gross domestic product growth. The Control of corruption is not significant but has positive relationship with economic growth. However, many efforts should continue to be directed towards corruption because as economy grows fast there are temptations as well economy diversifications in agriculture, financial services and textiles for new opportunities for growth.
Fast Enrichment Screening for Safeguards Applications

Methods for rapid non-destructive uranium enrichment classification of large containers are of importance to safeguards and counter-terrorism agencies. There is often a need to quickly categorize and segregate suspect containers as ‘depleted’ or ‘enriched’ on a ‘Go/No Go’ basis. Recent improvements in gamma spectroscopy technologies have provided the capability to perform rapid field analysis using portable and hand-held devices such as battery-operated medium and high resolution detectors (including lanthanum halide and high purity germanium). Furthermore a new generation of portal monitors are currently under development with advanced spectroscopic capabilities. Instruments and technologies that were previously the domain of complex lab systems are now widely available as touch-screen “off-the-shelf” units. Despite such advances, the task of enrichment analysis remains a complex exercise. This is particularly so when surveying large items such as drums and crates containing debris of unknown density and composition contaminated with uranium. The challenge is equally applicable to safeguards inspectors evaluating large items and for interdiction of illicit special nuclear materials in mass transport e.g. shipping containers at ports and borders. The variable shielding, container size, lack of matrix knowledge, wall thickness and selfshielding compound this problem. Performing an accurate assessment within the short count time window demanded of the field operative, leads to the need for a reliable method that can adapt to such conditions and is robust to a wide dynamic range of counting statistics. Several methods are evaluated with reference to the performance metrics defined in applicable standards (such as ANSI N42.432006). The primary issue is to minimize the bias that can result from attenuation effects, particularly as the gamma emissions from U235 are low energy and therefore highly susceptible to absorption in large containers with metal scrap. Use of other radiometric signatures such as bremsstrahlung radiation and neutron emissions are considered in addition to photopeak ratio analysis. Benchmark comparisons are performed against well-established enrichment analysis methods such as PC-FRAM, MGAU, and the Enrichment Meter. The suitability/limitations of the more traditional methods are discussed.
Immunohistochemistry expression of EMA, CD10, CEA, and Bcl-2 in distinguishing cutaneous basal cell from squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review

Introduction Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent cutaneous neoplasm, accounting for around 70% of all skin cancers. It is regionally aggressive and its metastases are rare (1). The second most common malignancy in humans is cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), with around double metastases compared to BCC (2). Therefore, BCC and SCC are the most commonly found tumoral entities in cutaneous medicine. They are commonly well-recognized on the basis of their clinical and histopathological features and differentiation between these two carcinomas is clinically important as there is a significant difference in their rates of aggressiveness and metastatic potential. In case of difficulties in the differential diagnosis between the two entities; in addition to the well-defined histological criteria, immunohistochemistry (IHC) methods can be of help and, in the literature, many studies have previously reported their role (3-5). The cluster of differentiation 10 (CD10) is an enzyme of the cell surface with metalloendopeptidase activity and reduces cellular response to peptide hormones by regulating local peptide hormone concentrations (4). CD10 is correlated with biological invasions in human malignancies, but this marker is more commonly used for diagnosis and prognosis with a more complexity (6). B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl2) protein suppresses cell death and thus may be considered DOI: 10.4274/gulhane.galenos. 2020.859 REVIEW
Learning to Combine Top-Down and Bottom-Up Signals in Recurrent Neural Networks with Attention over Modules

Robust perception relies on both bottom-up and top-down signals. Bottom-up signals consist of what's directly observed through sensation. Top-down signals consist of beliefs and expectations based on past experience and short-term memory, such as how the phrase `peanut butter and~. ' will be completed. The optimal combination of bottom-up and top-down information remains an open question, but the manner of combination must be dynamic and both context and task dependent. To effectively utilize the wealth of potential top-down information available, and to prevent the cacophony of intermixed signals in a bidirectional architecture, mechanisms are needed to restrict information flow. We explore deep recurrent neural net architectures in which bottom-up and top-down signals are dynamically combined using attention. Modularity of the architecture further restricts the sharing and communication of information. Together, attention and modularity direct information flow, which leads to reliable performance improvements in perceptual and language tasks, and in particular improves robustness to distractions and noisy data. We demonstrate on a variety of benchmarks in language modeling, sequential image classification, video prediction and reinforcement learning that the \emph{bidirectional} information flow can improve results over strong baselines.
Precision of systematic sampling in stereology∗

Systematic sampling is widely used in stereology. Practical stereology is commonly based on measurements on serial sections and grids of quadrats, cycloids or points superimposed on sections. The precision of estimators based on systematic measurements can be assessed, using the so-called transitive methods due to [9]. The use of the transitive methods in stereology has been discussed in a series of paper since the 80’s, see e.g. [4, 1]. As shown recently in [2] on a particular example, a key point of the transitive approach is the modelling of the covariogram, near the origin, which describes the spatial variation of the underlying measurement function. New results, see [7], show that the measurement function’s smoothness determines the local behaviour of the covariogram near the origin. In [5], the authors point out that smoothness assessment is scale dependent. In particular, when assessing the precision of volume estimation based on serial sections, the local covariogram model can be chosen based on a priori information about the geometry of the investigated body. The transitive approach provides general tools for assessing the precision of systematic sampling. Recently, a further method has been described for count measurements, see [8]. The precision prediction takes into account both the number of sampling units and the sampling unit size. The method can be applied to standard stereological counting methods described in [3, 10, 6]. Since the 80’s, the use of transitive methods in stereology has been the object of continuous developments. One may expect further results adapted to specific stereological designs in the next years.
Synopsis of Nigerian Economy and the Growth of PonziSchemes

This study was conducted to examine the effect of Ponzi scheme on Nigerian Economy. Available researches explored Nigerian economy in terms of its history, structure and growth with no literature on the economy and the growth of Ponzi in the face of the present recession. Nigerian economy is beset with myriads of economic problems ranging from unemployment to bad leadership and structure of governance that has climaxed into economic recession. Ponzi schemes became an alternative to the harsh economic realities in the country and this research investigated the effect of this in the economy. The result shows that there is a strong negative relationship between Nigerian economy and the growth of Ponzi. It created illusive picture of the economy in terms of peoples’ living standard and income levels.
Topology Proceedings

The notion of ω-diagonalizability, introduced in [6], is applied in this paper to the theory of cardinal invariants of topological spaces. A basic lemma stablishes a connection between ω-diagonalizability, the π-character, and the countability of the pseudocharacter in a Hausdorff space. This lemma permits one to prove that every ω-diagonalizable locally compact Hausdorff space of countable tightness is first countable, which answers a question asked in [4]. Applications to the study of power-homogeneous compacta of countable tightness are given. In particular, we show that every powerhomogeneous locally compact monotonically normal space is first countable. This theorem implies a result of M. Bell in [8].
Fast and accurate 3D PSF computation for fluorescence microscopy

The point-spread function (PSF) plays a fundamental role in fluorescence microscopy. A realistic and accurately calculated PSF model can significantly improve the performance in 3D deconvolution microscopy and also the localization accuracy in single-molecule microscopy. In this work, we propose a fast and accurate approximation of the Gibson-Lanni model, which has been shown to represent the PSF suitably under a variety of imaging conditions. We express the Kirchhoff’s integral in this model as a linear combination of rescaled Bessel functions, thus providing an integral-free way for the calculation. The explicit approximation error in terms of parameters is given numerically. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach results in a significantly smaller computational time compared with current state-ofthe-art techniques to achieve the same accuracy. This approach can also be extended to other microscopy PSF models. © 2017 Optical Society of America
Bacteriophages induced by mitomycin C treatment of Leuconostoc oenos strains from Portuguese wines

Twenty‐two Leuconostoc oenos strains from Portuguese wines and seven strains from other sources were induced with mitomycin C. Bacteriophages were detected in the supernatants of 19 different cultures. Analysis of their host‐range and plating efficiencies suggests that phage typing could be useful for strain identification in Leuc. oenos.
On the Range of Complex Effective Permittivities of Isotropic Two-Phase Composites and Related Problems

Almost four decades ago, Bergman and Milton independently showed that the isotropic effective electric permittivity of a two-phase composite material with a given volume fraction is constrained to lie within lens-shaped regions in the complex plane that are bounded by two circular arcs. An implication of particular significance is a set of limits to the maximum and minimum absorption of an isotropic composite material at a given frequency. Here, after giving a short summary of the underlying theory, we show that the bound corresponding to one of the circular arcs is at least almost optimal by introducing a new class of hierarchical laminates. In regard to the second arc, we show that a tighter bound can be derived using variational methods. This new bound is optimal as it corresponds to assemblages of doubly-coated spheres, which can be easily approximated by more realistic microstructures. We briefly discuss the implications for related problems including bounds on the complex polarizability.
Determinants of Participation in Milk Value Addition by Dairy Producers in Asella Milk-Shed, Ethiopia

Dairy producers in Ethiopia practice mainly traditional milk processing methods, and also recognize the benefit of milk value addition to increase income, minimize postharvest losses and prolong shelf life. Contrary to the existing knowledge, producers’ participation in the value addition is generally limited to few traditional products. The objective of this study was to examine determinants of participation in milk value addition practices by milk producers in Asella milk-shed. The respondent dairy farmers (n= 178) were selected randomly by employing multi stage sampling techniques; following purposeful selection of the study district and kebeles. Heckman’s two stage model was used to assess determinants of participation in the decision and extent of participation in milk value addition practices at farm level. The present study indicated that 77% of the households had added value to their milk products. The results of the Heckman’s two stage model showed that milk value addition decision is positively and significantly affected by perceived price of value added products, access to livestock extension services, family size and level of education by household heads. The decision to participate in milk value additions were negatively affected by the number of children under six years of age, household head’s age, membership to primary dairy cooperatives and owning only cross breed cows. On the other hand, the volume of milk produced, amount of non-dairy income, and access to livestock extension services positively affected the extent of participation in milk value addition. The results suggest that the decision to participate in value addition and extent of value addition depends on household characteristics, perceived benefit of value addition, access to extension service and breed type. Hence, due attention should be given to enhance households’ capacity to add value by creating awareness, strengthening extension service and productivity.