Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low-Power Operation of a Precision CMOS Temperature Sensor based on Substrate PNPs

In this paper, a low-power version of a high-precision smart temperature sensor in 0.7 mum CMOS technology is presented. The sensor consists of two main blocks: the bipolar front-end and the ADC. The sensor's power dissipation was reduced by reducing the bias current of the substrate PNP transistors -the temperature-sensing element -to the minimum levels set by accuracy requirements. To keep the same current density, the PNPs were reduced in size, as were the ADC sampling capacitors CS, so the sensor's conversion time is maintained. Increased mismatch errors due to the use of lower bias currents and smaller devices are mitigated by Dynamic Element Matching and chopping techniques. For an accuracy requirement of plusmn0.1degC, a minimum PNP bias current of 250 nA is found. Measurement results for Ibias = 250 nA and CS = 1.25 pF show a 3sigma inaccuracy below plusmn0.3degC after offset calibration, and below plusmn0.08degC with "a two-point calibration, from -55degC to 125degC.
Flyover Architecture for Cluster and TDM-Based Optical Network-On-Chip

Optical network-on-chip (ONoC) is a promising interconnection solution for its high bandwidth and low energy consumption. However, optical circuit-switching (OCS)-based architectures face the problem of high network congestion, low network utilization, and an overhead in power dissipation under heavy loads. In this letter, we propose an architecture called Flyover for hybrid electronic-optical network-on-chip using cluster architecture with time-division multiplex (TDM)-wavelength-division multiplex (WDM) technology. Flyover combines TDM and WDM to solve problems faced by OCS. Flyover is modularized into two network layers with cluster architecture to improve network scalability and flexibility. The state of each optical router has been configured by the control unit at the beginning of each time slot to achieve a nonblocking optical network layer. With the result of OPNET simulation, Flyover has better performance compared with equivalent OCS-mesh ONoC under various traffic patterns.
Long term disease control in taxane-refractory metastatic breast cancer treated with nab paclitaxel.

543 Background: nanoparticle albumin bound (nab) paclitaxel (ABI-007, Abraxane, ABX) is a novel, cremophor-free paclitaxel preparation with a high therapeutic index that does not require pre-medication. METHODS We have conducted a Phase II study of weekly ABX in patients with taxane-refractory, measurable metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Patients received ABX 100mg/m2 weekly over 30 minutes on day 1, 8, and 15 on a 28-day cycle without pre-medication. RESULTS 106 patients have been enrolled and 66 patients are currently evaluable for toxicity and response. Patients were considered taxane-refractory if they had progressive MBC while receiving paclitaxel, docetaxel or both (59 patients); or if they had relapsed within 12 months of adjuvant taxane (7 patients). Median age was 53 (range, 34-75); median number of metastatic sites was 3 (range, 1-6); 31 (47%) patients have hormone receptor positive MBC; median number of prior chemotherapy regimens (metastatic setting) was 3 (range, 1-10). Thirty-five (53%) patients were treated with docetaxel and 40 (61%) patients received paclitaxel for MBC; 21 (32%) patients received an adjuvant taxane. Based upon AE reporting the only treatment related (TR) Grade (GR) 4 toxicity was neutropenia, occurring in 5 (8%) patients; there was 1 case of febrile neutropenia. Other TR toxicities included: GR 3 nausea, infection (3 patients); GR 2: fatigue, vomiting (2 patients each); GR 1 constipation, dehydration, diarrhea, edema, mucositis and sensory neuropathy (1 patient each). Among the 66 evaluable patients, 13 (20%, 95% CI: 10-29%) had PR. Seven responding patients and 3 additional patients with stable disease (total of 10 patients, 15%, 95% CI: 7-24%) have continued on ABX without progression for ≥ 24 weeks; 5 of these patients are still on treatment with ABX for > 1 year. CONCLUSION ABX has an excellent safety profile and resulted in long term disease control in heavily pretreated patients with taxane-refractory MBC. Based upon these results, this study has been amended to treat additional patients using this schedule at an increased dose of 125 mg/m2. [Table: see text].
Large Putative PEST-like Sequence Motif at the Carboxyl Tail of Human Calcium Receptor Directs Lysosomal Degradation and Regulates Cell Surface Receptor Level*

Background: Regulation of cell surface expression and signaling activity of the calcium-sensing receptor plays an important role in human diseases. Results: A PEST-like degradation motif participates in routing of the receptor to the lysosomal pathway. Conclusion: This degradation motif regulates cell surface receptor abundance. Significance: This might be a novel mechanism that connects lysosomal degradation and regulation of cell surface receptor expression. A deletion between amino acid residues Ser895 and Val1075 in the carboxyl terminus of the human calcium receptor (hCaR), which causes autosomal dominant hypocalcemia, showed enhanced signaling activity and increased cell surface expression in HEK293 cells (Lienhardt, A., Garabédian, M. G., Bai, M., Sinding, C., Zhang, Z., Lagarde, J. P., Boulesteix, J., Rigaud, M., Brown, E. M., and Kottler, M. L. (2000) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85, 1695–1702). To identify the underlying mechanism(s) for these increases, we investigated the effects of carboxyl tail truncation and deletion in hCaR mutants using a combination of biochemical and cell imaging approaches to define motifs that participate in regulating cell surface numbers of this G protein-coupled receptor. Our data indicate a rapid constitutive receptor internalization of the cell surface hCaR, accumulating in early (Rab7 positive) and late endosomal (LAMP1 positive) sorting compartments, before targeting to lysosomes for degradation. Recycling of hCaR back to the cell surface was also evident. Truncation and deletion mapping defined a 51-amino acid sequence between residues 920 and 970 that is required for targeting to lysosomes and degradation but not for internalization or recycling of the receptor. No singular sequence motif was identified, instead the required sequence elements seem to distribute throughout this entire interval. This interval includes a high proportion of acidic and hydroxylated amino acid residues, suggesting a similarity to PEST-like degradation motif (PESTfind score of +10) and several glutamine repeats. The results define a novel large PEST-like sequence that participates in the sorting of internalized hCaR routed to the lysosomal/degradation pathway that regulates cell surface receptor numbers.
Dietary myristic, palmitic, and linoleic acids modulate cholesterolemia in gerbils

Previous studies with cebus monkeys and review of published human data indicated that 85% to 90% of the variation in plasma cholesterol (TC) could be explained on the basis of dietary myristic (14:0) and linoleic (18:2) acid intake in the absence of cholesterol, and that 16:0 contributed to cholesterolemia as dietary cholesterol was increased. Because monkeys are a limited resource, a more convenient, sensitive model was sought for investigating these dietary fatty acid and plasma lipid relationships. Accordingly, this report describes the results of multiple regression analysis of the TC response to dietary fatty acids based on 319 young, male Mongolian gerbils fed a total of 59 purified diets supplying about 40% energy as fat from single or blended fat sources. Gerbils (6‐16 animals per dietary group) were fed purified diets (21 with 0.01 to 0.08% cholesterol and 38 cholesterol‐free) for 4‐week periods. When cholesterol‐free diets were fed, dietary 14:0 and 18:2 together accounted for 89% of the observed variation in TC. Although 14:0 consumption increased TC in a linear manner, the independent ability of 18:2 to lower cholesterol was nonlinear and exhibited a threshold effect at 5‐6% dietary energy, above which further lowering of TC was less remarkable. In gerbils consuming cholesterol‐supplemented diets, 87% of the observed variation in TC could be accounted for by a regression equation that included 14:0, palmitic acid (16:0), and a log function of 18:2 plus dietary cholesterol itself. These results demonstrate the applicability of gerbils for such studies and confirm previous observations in monkeys and humans that dietary 14:0 and 18:2 are the main fatty acids modulating plasma cholesterol under normocholesterolemic circumstances (i.e., when consuming low‐cholesterol diets and lipoprotein metabolism is normal) whereas 16:0 also appears modestly hypercholesterolemic when LDL receptors are compromised (i.e., when dietary cholesterol or certain metabolic factors have encumbered lipoprotein metabolism). —Pronczuk, A. , Khosla, P., Hayes, K. C. Dietary myristic, palmitic, and linoleic acids modulate cholesterolemia in gerbils. FASEB J. 8, 1191‐1200 (1994)
Spread spectrum parameter optimization to suppress certain frequency spectral components

The reduction of the electromagnetic emission more and more becomes a design factor to consider in the development of integrated circuits and electronic systems. Especially as switching frequencies and component density significantly increases, every opportunity to reduce the emission should be considered. In this paper it is shown how spread spectrum techniques can be used to reduce the electromagnetic emission. It is shown how spread spectrum parameters can be optimized in order to cancel out specific frequencies in the emission frequency spectrum and how these parameters settings influence the peak, average and quasi peak detector readings of an EMI receiver. Additionally the tradeoffs in optimizing spread spectrum parameters to achieve a certain reduction of the emission in a desired frequency range are addressed.
The Algorithm of Test Requirements Reduction Based on Artificial Immune System

Test requirements reduction is helpful to reduce computation workload and get minor test case suite. Proposed a kind of algorithm based on artificial immune system to simplify test requirements. First according to the structure of program flow diagram, decided test requirement suite and generated initial test case suite, then looked upon the requirements as antibody and decreased their similarities, generated the antibody suite which could cover the whole shape-space best. This algorithm could basically eliminate the relations of equivalence and inclusion among test requirements. It is demonstrated that this method could simplify test requirements automatically, it is unnecessary to analyze the relations among test requirements manually according to program flow diagram. Thus it is easily to realize automated software test.
Numerical modeling of pacemaker interference in the electric-utility environment

Potential for electromagnetic interference (EMI) with cardiac pacemakers in workplaces in electric utilities due to 50- and 60-Hz fields is well known. Only younger employees of electric-utility companies may want to return to their jobs that often entail exposure to such fields. EMI may occur due to exposure to strong external electric fields, magnetic fields, contact currents, and electrostatic discharges (ESD). Numerical modeling of the potential differences produced between the pacemaker electrodes in situ, i.e., in the heterogeneous model of a human body, allows for the evaluation of potential EMI prior to an implantation of the device. Such modeling has been performed and the results are presented and compared for different conditions of potential EMI. As expected, unipolar pacemakers are more susceptible than bipolar devices.
Plant Genome Editing and its Applications in Cereals

Recently developed methods for genome editing, representing a major breakthrough in the field of genetic engineering, will enable researchers to produce transgenic plants in a more convenient and safer way. Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are triggered by synthetic nucleases that later induce DNA repair mechanisms known as nonhomologous-end joining (NHEJ) or homology-directed repair (HDR) in the presence of a donor DNA. Gene targeting (GT) was earlier demonstrated in rice and maize genomes by exploiting several genes ( Acetohydroxyacid synthase, waxy, ALS, OS11N3 etc.), while zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) were used to modify IPK1 gene in maize. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR-CAS) system has been shown to be efficient for targeted mutagenesis in wheat that has a hexaploid complex genome, rice, maize, and recently in barley. The CRISPR system is considered as advantageous over previous approaches due to its easy use and efficiency, however, needs to be improved for high off-target effects.
Multiple power flow solutions of small integrated AC/DC power systems

To study the steady state behavior of small integrated AC/DC power systems, a new realization of AC equivalent approach to AC/DC power flow is proposed in this paper. Depending on control modes, the converter AC terminal buses are modeled as constant voltage bus (slack bus) and nonlinear load bus (PI bus). As a result the whole system and corresponding Jacobian matrix become area-decoupled. In this paper we study two control modes through analysis of multiple load flow solutions thus providing a quantitative and qualitative assessment of feasible and controllable system operating points.
A capacitance study of anomalous diffusion of water into HTV silicone rubber materials

Capacitance and gravimetric measurements are used to study the diffusion of water into high temperature vulcanized (HTV) silicone rubber. Silicone rubber with different Alumina Tri-hydrate (ATH) filler contents was used in this research, and deviations from the classical Fickian diffusion were observed. A model is presented for the calculation of the diffusion coefficient of water in silicone rubber by capacitance method in which the anomalous diffusion mechanism and the water concentration profile are considered. The present model is compared to other models and the difference between the diffusion coefficients obtained is analyzed.
Artifact-resistant design of a wrist-type heart rate monitoring device

This paper describes the development of a wearable heart rate monitoring apparatus as a form of a wrist watch, which is able not only to measure Photoplethymography (PPG) signal on the outside region of a wrist but also to be insensitive to movement artifact caused by probe-coupling effects. Thus, to develop the wearable device, we chose three requirements: wireless communication, the measurement of the PPG on a side region of a wrist including a radial artery not at finger, and noise cancelling techniques about probe-coupling artifacts and motion artifacts. We show that how a sophisticated artifact cancelling algorithm works properly through various experiments.
Evolution and dispersal under climatic instability: a simple evolutionary algorithm

It has long been known that temporally unstable environments are likely to promote the evolution of plastic adaptations, whilst it is equally clear that such adaptations are precisely those that characterize successful colonizers. These two established findings, however, are rarely related within a single framework. This article bridges this gap via the development of a very simple evolutionary algorithm that tracks both directional selection and the evolution of plasticity under various synthetic climatic regimes. The output of the model allows for the construction of a dispersal index that provides a measure of population-level dispersal potential under each particular climatic regime. The output thus establishes both the timing and extent of selection for plasticity and the consequences of that plasticity for the timing of probable dispersal events in the context of climatic instability. Results suggest that periods of low climatic instability abruptly following extended periods of higher climatic instability are particularly conducive to dispersal, leading to the formulation of the Accumulated Plasticity Hypothesis. These results, and the hypothesis they support, are discussed in relation to the varied manifestations of plasticity in biological systems and their relevance to human evolution.
The selection of local dynamic threshold based on niched genetic algorithm

In this paper, one improved algorithm for the selection of local dynamic threshold based on niched genetic algorithm is proposed. With the maximum variance method being used as the fitness evaluation function, the genetic algorithm is designed, putting the image segmentation problem into one of the optimization issue. The optimal threshold is searched from the all segmentation parameter space by experiencing the global exploring ability of the genetic algorithm. Compared with some problems of simple genetic algorithm, these are amended by the niche idea. The results of experiment show that the proposed method has better robust performance.
Sex Discriminatory Effectiveness Using Combinations of Permanent Teeth

Since males and females consistently differ in tooth-crown size, it is practical to employ crownsize diameters for "sexing" recent or archaeological material (DITCH and ROSE, Am J Phys Anthrop, 37:61-64, 1972; CORRUCCINI and HENDERSON, J Dent Res, 55: 713, 1976). The question next arises as to the maximum extent of sex discrimination that is possible with crownsize measurements and indices as well as the minimum number of teeth that are effective in stepwise discriminant analysis. We have made use of mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters of the right permanent teeth of 109 white boys and 95 white girls. Odontometric dimensions were measured on an optical digitizing device, the OPTOCOM (VAN DER LINDEN et al, I Dent Res, 51:1100, 1972; MOYERS et al, Standards of Human Occlusal Development 1976, pp 7-10). The measurements, averaged from multiple casts of each individual, were also converted into a mesiodistal-to-buccolingual ratio for each tooth. The resulting values were included in a discriminant analysis (AFIFI and
Bis-cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes as efficient singlet oxygen sensitizers.

We report the singlet oxygen sensitization properties of a series of bis-cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes (i.e., (bt)2Ir(acac), (bsn)2Ir(acac), and (pq)2Ir(acac); bt = 2-phenylbenzothiazole, bsn = 2-(1-naphthyl)benzothiazole, pq = 2-phenylquinoline, and acac = acetylacetonate). Complexes with acetylacetonate ancillary ligands give singlet oxygen quantum yields near unity (PhiDelta = (0.7-1.0) +/- 0.1), whether exciting the ligand-based state or the lowest energy excited state (MLCT + 3LC). The singlet oxygen quenching rates for these beta-diketonate complexes were found to be small [(5 +/- 2) x 105 to (6 +/- 0.2) x 106 M-1 s-1], roughly 3 orders of magnitude slower than the corresponding phosphorescence quenching rate. Similar complexes were prepared with glycine or pyridine tethered to the Ir(III) center (i.e., (bsn)2Ir(gly) and (bt)2Ir(py)Cl; gly = glycine and py = pyridine). The glycine and pyridine derivatives give high singlet oxygen yields (PhiDelta = (0.7-1.0) +/- 0.1).
Factors influencing turnover and retention of midwives and consultants: a literature review

This study is a review of literature on the factors affecting the retention and turnover of hospital consultants and midwives. While there is widespread concern and acknowledgement of staff retention problems for professional occupations within the NHS, far less research has analysed the causes of the staff retention problems for the occupations in question. This study shows that there is a dearth of literature in this area and that systematic comparative analysis of retention and turnover factors through both primary and secondary research is urgently required in order that policy-making can take place on the basis of informed choice. Tentative initial findings were that lack of appreciation or perceptions of not being valued are key factors influencing turnover for both occupations. Working hours, workload and work schedules are also common concerns to both groups. In addition, career development, promotion and appreciation of contribution were important retention factors for midwives, while a supportive professional environment, reduction in workload and working hours and more flexible work patterns were important to consultants.
A Survey of Semantic Wikis for Requirements Engineering

Nowadays, semantic wikis are used in software development. In requirements engineering process, semantic wikis are used as lightweight a nd semantic/social-web based collaboration platforms. This paper first makes a surv ey on existing semantic wikis and their candidate features, which can be interes ing in requirements engineering. Secondly, specific semantic wikis for require ments engineering are analyzed/compared based on the features identified in the fir st step. We conclude this paper with promising features which are provided by sem antic wikis, and can be useful for requirements engineering. This research has been partially conducted within a bachelo r project at Software Engineering and Architecture (SEARCH) Group, University of Gro ningen.
Striking a Balance Between Feasible and Realistic Biological Models

A simple yet elegant quantitative modeling of oncogene addiction advances our predictive understanding of this physiological phenomenon. The fusion of empirical science with large-scale computing platforms has allowed rapid advances in our ability to model physiological and pathophysiological processes in silico. In this week’s issue of Science Translational Medicine, Tran et al. present a simple framework for the quantitative modeling of oncogene addiction that provides mechanistic insights into tumor biology.
Effects of Gentamicin on Mouse Immortalized Mesangial Cells (MIMC)

Gentamicin (GE) is very effective to treat gram-negative infections, which is related to sepsis, however it induces a high incidence of nephrotoxicity. This aiminoglycoside antibiotic causes acute renal failure due to renal hemodynamic alterations as a reduction on glomerular filtration rate in rats after treatment withGE for ten days. Objective: Since mesangial cells participate in the regulation of glomerular filtration rate and GE can alternate this mechanism, we evaluated which via can be involved in this process. Then, we analyzed the viability, apoptosis, intracellular calcium [Ca2þ i and lipid peroxidation in mouse immortalized mesangial cells (MIMC) treated with GE.
Childhood Living Arrangements and Adult Children’s Relations with their Parents

We examine the relationship of childhood living arrangements to adult child-parent relations. Compared with adult children raised in intact families, adult children whose parents divorced have less frequent contact with their parents and report a lower-quality relationship with their parents. We observe these negative effects for both custodial and noncustodial parents, although the effects are larger for noncustodial parents. Remarriage of the custodial parent tends to offset the the negative impacts of divorce on relations with the custodial parent and to amplify the negative impacts on relations with noncustodial parents. Further, the longer the adult child lived apart from the parent, the weaker are relations with noncustodial parents.