Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endourological training using 3D printed bladder phantoms - development and prospective evaluation.

Background: To create and evaluate a realistic, anatomically accurate, and user-friendly bladder phantom for reproducible endourological training purposes and endoscope mastery. Materials & Methods: The anatomy of full bladders was mapped from human computed tomography datasets. After a 3D model development process, content evidence (CE) and response process evidence (RPE) of the phantom were evaluated using the system usability scale (SUS), 5-point Likert scale questionnaires, and task execution of experienced urologists (U) and endoscopy-naive medical students (MS) in two training sessions (1st vs. 2nd). Required validation cohort sizes (1:10) of the evaluating urologists (n=12) and students (n=115) were pre-calculated. Time measurements were recorded. Students were additionally evaluated by a validated global psychomotor assessment score (GPSS). Group comparisons were calculated by the Mann-Whitney U test. All tests were 2-sided with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: CE was assessed by urologists with an 'excellent' SUS score of 89.4±5.9 and an average 'agreement' of ≥4 pts in the Likert scale questionnaires. RPE was assessed by intra- and intergroup time comparison for the execution of endoscopic tasks (cystoscopy, guide wire insertion and tumor biopsy). For cystoscopy, U: 1st 17.6±4.4s vs. 2nd 12.4±2.0s, p=0.002; MS: 1st 56.6±28.2s vs. 2nd 28.6±14.7s, p<0.001; U vs. MS: 1st U 17.6±4.4s vs. 1st MS 56.6±28.2s, p<0.001, 2nd U 12.4±2.0s vs. 2nd MS 28.6±14.7s, p<0.001. Significant time differences were documented for all tasks and sessions (p<0.001). Additionally, significant GPSS differences were recorded between the sessions (GPSS: 1st 20.4±5.1 pts vs. 2nd 24.7±4.0 pts, p<0.001). Conclusions: Our low-fidelity 3D-printed bladder, called BladCap, is an easy to assemble, inexpensive, and robust phantom. We present data which establishes construct validity to support use as a clinical training device.
In Situ Analysis in Geological Thin-Sections by Laser Raman Microprobe Spectroscopy: A Cautionary Note

The advent of laser Raman microprobe (LRM) instruments has permitted researchers to analyze minute (≥ 1 μm) phases in situ in their rock matrix. Geologists prefer to study such samples in polished thin-sections (in which a rock wafer is fixed with a mounting medium onto a glass slide and thinned to 30 μm thickness) or in doubly polished unmounted rock wafers (≥30 μm) like those used for microthermometry. There obviously are many advantages to doing in situ LRM analysis: direct observation of the sample grain in its textural and mineralogical context, preservation of the grain for analysis by additional techniques, and lack of physical disruption and possible modification of the grain caused by physical removal from its matrix. However, there are some problems inherent in this application of the LRM technique. This brief communication is a cautionary note about three possible artifacts that may arise during in situ LRM analysis of graphitic material and hydrocarbon fluids in polished rock sections.
In Vitro Methods to Model Cardiac Mechanobiology in Health and Disease

In vitro cardiac modeling has taken great strides in the past decade. While most cell and engineered tissue models have focused on cell and tissue contractile function as readouts, mechanobiological cues from the cell environment that affect this function, such as matrix stiffness or organization, are less well explored. In this study, we review two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) models of cardiac function that allow for systematic manipulation or precise control of mechanobiological cues under simulated (patho)physiological conditions while acquiring multiple readouts of cell and tissue function. We summarize the cell types used in these models and highlight the importance of linking 2D and 3D models to address the multiscale organization and mechanical behavior. Finally, we provide directions on how to advance in vitro modeling for cardiac mechanobiology using next generation hydrogels that mimic mechanical and structural environmental features at different length scales and diseased cell types, along with the development of new tissue fabrication and readout techniques. Impact statement Understanding the impact of mechanobiology in cardiac (patho)physiology is essential for developing effective tissue regeneration and drug discovery strategies and requires detailed cause–effect studies. The development of three-dimensional in vitro models allows for such studies with high experimental control, while integrating knowledge from complementary cell culture models and in vivo studies for this purpose. Complemented by the use of human-induced pluripotent stem cells, with or without predisposed genetic diseases, these in vitro models will offer promising outlooks to delineate the impact of mechanobiological cues on human cardiac (patho)physiology in a dish.
Progressive Join Algorithms Considering User Preference

Progressive query processing is a new attractive paradigm for exploratory data analysis. This paper considers the case where users want to receive results ordered according to their preference, and specifically focuses on the design of join algorithms. We investigate the use of contour lines in progressive algorithms with user preferences, and propose ContourJoin to reduce sorting overhead of progressive preference-aware joins. Experimental results show that compared with the näıve blocking algorithm and the top-k RankJoin algorithm, ContourJoin has superior performance in both early result generation and total result computation.
Pig Compost Use on Zinc and Copper Concentrations in Soils and Corn Plants

The use of pig compost (PC) in agricultural land has increased in Chile in the last years. This organic amendment is a valuable nutritional source for crops, but its applying must be done in a controlled manner since it exhibited high copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) concentrations. A short-term field experiment was conducted out to study the effects of increasing PC rates on the production and quality corn crop in two soils located at south central Chile. Five treatments were evaluated: control without fertilization (C), conventional fertilization (CF) (350 kg N ha-1), and three increasing PC rates (15.33, 30.65, and 61.31 Mg&middotha-1, corresponding to 350, 700, and 1400 kg N ha-1, respectively) in a split plot design with four replicates. The overall results indicated that dry matter production, grain yield, and plant Zn and Cu concentrations were similar among fertilization sources and rates. Extractable soil Zn concentration exhibited a rate-related increase of PC in both locations, while Cu concentration exhibited this behavior only at the soil located in Chillan. Nevertheless, the values obtained were below of those considered phytotoxic levels. Therefore, the contribution of Zn and Cu through PC applying at different rates to the soils studied showed a slight affect in soil extractable Zn and Cu values without negatively effects on quantity and quality corn crop. The organic amendment applied can be a good and cheaper substitute to conventional fertilization, although further monitoring of Zn and Cu soil levels should be carried out to avoid any environmental risk.
Australian and New Zealand Guideline for Mild to Moderate Head Injuries in Children

Children frequently present with head injuries to acute care settings. Although international paediatric clinical practice guidelines for head injuries exist, they do not address all considerations related to triage, imaging, observation versus admission, transfer, discharge and follow‐up of mild to moderate head injuries relevant to the Australian and New Zealand context. The Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT) set out to develop an evidence‐based, locally applicable, practical clinical guideline for the care of children with mild to moderate head injuries presenting to acute care settings.
Paternal Uniparental Disomy of the Entire Chromosome 20 in a Child with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome

Epigenetic alterations at imprinted genes on different chromosomes have been linked to several imprinting disorders (IDs) such as Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1b (PHP1b). Here, we present a male patient with these two distinct IDs caused by two independent mechanisms-loss of methylation (LOM) at chromosome 11p15.5 associated with multi-locus imprinting disturbances (MLID and paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 20 (patUPD20). A clinical diagnosis of BWS was made based on the clinical features of macrosomia, macroglossia, and umbilical hernia. The diagnosis of PHP1b was supported by the presence of reduced growth velocity and mild learning disability as well as hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia at 14 years of age. Molecular analyses, including genome-wide DNA methylation (Illumina 450k array), bisulfite pyrosequencing, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and microsatellite analysis, demonstrated loss of methylation (LOM) at IC2 on chromosome 11p15.5, and paternal isodisomy of the entire chromosome 20. In addition, imprinting disturbances were noted at the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with DIRAS3 on chromosome 1 and PLAGL1 on chromosome 6. This is the first case report of PHP1b due to patUPD20 diagnosed in a BWS patient with LOM at IC2 demonstrating etiologic heterogeneity for multiple imprinting disorders in a single individual.
Lower Urinary Tract Functional Assessment of Men Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy: Correlation of Preoperative Clinical and Urodynamic Parameters

Purpose To assess baseline clinical and urodynamic profiles of a contemporary cohort of men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) as part of the ROSE (Robotic and Open Surgery for Prostate Cancer: A Prospective, Multi-centre, Comparative Study of Functional and Oncological Outcomes) study. Methods Men with localized prostate cancer undergoing RP were prospectively recruited to undergo clinical assessment and urodynamic testing prior to surgery as part of a clinical trial. The International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) was used to determine participants’ degree of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Results Eighty-five men with a median age of 64.5 years and a median prostate-specific antigen level of 6.3 ng/mL were prospectively recruited. Of patients with complete baseline data, 36 (50.7%), 28 (39.4%), and 7 (9.9%) had mild (IPSS<8), moderate (IPSS 8–19), and severe (IPSS>20) LUTS, respectively. Obstruction was identified in 18 men (29.5%), and 9 (14.8%) showed detrusor underactivity. Of the 15 patients with detrusor overactivity, 12 (80%) reported overactive bladder (OAB). Of men with urodynamic obstruction, 5 (31.3%), 10 (62.5%), and 1 (6.3%) reported mild, moderate, and severe LUTS, respectively. Of men without OAB, 4 (11.8%, P=0.002) showed filling phase abnormalities, 13 (46.4%, P=0.611) had flow rates of <15 mL/sec, and 7 (30.4%, P=0.767) showed obstruction. Of men with mild or no LUTS, 5 (20%, P=0.072) showed obstruction and 4 (16%, P=0.524) showed poor contractility. Conclusion LUTS and OAB were common in men with localized prostate cancer undergoing RP. Detrusor overactivity and urodynamic filling phase abnormalities were strongly correlated with OAB. IPSS did not show a strong correlation with bladder outflow obstruction or detrusor underactivity. Urodynamic filling abnormalities were found in 11.8% of men without OAB. Symptomatic and functional assessment may therefore have a role in the preoperative counselling of patients and possibly guide postoperative management of LUTS, especially if OAB is present.
Prevalence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Microsporidium Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Diarrheal Patients

Enterocytozoon bieneusi can cause severe diarrhea in children and adults. However, in China, there are scant studies on E. bieneusi in diarrheal children and adults, with the exception of prevalence and genotyping data in a small number of cities including Hubei, Shanghai, and Heilongjiang. In this study, 196 fecal samples (n = 132 in Chongqing, n = 44 in Shandong, n = 20 in Hubei) were collected, including 91 from children and 105 from adults. Through microscopic examination, 19 positive samples (11 from children and 8 from adults) were detected. Using PCR examination, the internal transcriptional spacer (ITS) region was utilized by nested PCR to detect and characterize E. bieneusi. Twenty positive samples were detected, including 14 from children (≤11 years of age) and 6 from adults. According to the sequence analysis of ITS data, one known zoonotic (D) and seven novel (CQH5-11) genotypes were identified. This is the first molecular epidemiological study of E. bieneusi in diarrheal patients in different regions of China. Therefore, this study can provide useful information for the molecular epidemiology and control of E. bieneusi infection in humans in the future.
Multifunctional L-arginine-based magnetic nanoparticles for multiple-synergistic tumor therapy.

Tumor therapy is facing the big challenge of insufficient treatment. Here, we report high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)-responsive magnetic nanoparticles based on superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO, Fe3O4 NPs) as the shell and l-arginine (LA) as the core entrapped by poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PLGA/LA NPs) for synergistic breast cancer therapy. These NPs can significantly enhance therapeutic performance due to their enhanced accumulation and prolonged retention at the tumor site under magnetic guidance. The Fe3O4@PLGA/LA NPs exhibited synergistic therapeutic effects by the rational combination of HIFU-based tumor ablation and nitric oxide (NO) assisted antitumor gas therapy. Both Fe3O4 NPs and LA could be released rapidly under HIFU irradiation, where Fe3O4 NPs can promote HIFU-based tumor ablation by changing the acoustic properties of the tumor tissues and LA can spontaneously react with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the tumor microenvironment to generate NO for gas therapy. Moreover, Fe3O4 NPs can react with H2O2 to produce highly reactive oxygen-containing species (ROS) to accelerate the oxidation of LA and the release of NO. This novel strategy showed synergistic tumor growth suppression as compared with individual HIFU therapy or gas therapy. This can be attributed to the rational design of multifunctional NPs with magnetic targeting and multi-modality imaging properties.
The AdVance™ male sling: does it stand the test of time?

Abstract Introduction There is minimal data published on the longevity of the transobturator retrobulbar male sling (AdVance™). We aimed to determine the efficacy, the complication rate and need for salvage SUI surgery in the medium to long term for male sling insertion. Materials and methods We performed a retrospective review of all patients undergoing male sling insertion at a single centre between 2009 and 2018. Data on patient demographics, pre and post-operative International Consultation on Continence Questionnaire – Urinary Incontinence (Short Form) (ICIQ-UI(SF)) scores and 24 h pad usage were collected. Success was calculated as a combination of the cured rate (0–1 security pad use) and the improved rate (>50% reduction in pad usage). Data was also collected on complications, patient satisfaction as well as need for further SUI surgery. Results A total of 91 patients underwent male sling insertion in the period specified; median follow up was 69 months. Success rates at 3 months in mild SUI, moderate SUI and severe SUI groups were 96, 86 and 80%, respectively. In the medium to long term, this drops to 65, 62 and 47%, respectively. The overall rate of artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) implantation was 15%. Common complications included groin pain (3%), infection (3%), urinary retention (10%) and de novo overactive bladder (OAB) (11%). The only factor predicting success or failure was pre-operative ICIQ-UI(SF) score. Conclusions AdVance™ male sling success rates deteriorate from 89% at 3 months to 61% at 5 years. The risk of complications is low and, for the most part, transient. Sling insertion remains a reasonable treatment option for male patients suffering with stress urinary incontinence (SUI).
Endothelial NADPH oxidase 4 protects against angiotensin II‐induced cardiac fibrosis and inflammation

Endothelial activation and inflammatory cell infiltration have important roles in the development of cardiac fibrosis induced by renin–angiotensin system activation. NADPH oxidases (Nox proteins) are expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) and alter their function. Previous studies indicated that Nox2 in ECs contributes to angiotensin II (AngII)‐induced cardiac fibrosis. However, the effects of EC Nox4 on cardiac fibrosis are unknown.
Energizing periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMOS) with bismuth and cerium for photo‐degrading methylene blue and methyl orange in water

This work reported an efficient catalyst to reduce the organic pollutants by using an energetic periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMOS) supported with bismuth (Bi‐PMOS) and cerium (Ce‐PMOS). PMOS support was designed through co‐condensation of sodium silicate and 3‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane on polysorbate templates. The resultant PMOSs were fabricated with bismuth and cerium oxides to formulate Bi‐PMOS and Ce‐PMOS, respectively. These materials showed photo‐degradations of methylene blue (MB, 74.7% and 41.1% with Bi‐PMOS and Ce‐PMOS, respectively) and methyl orange (MO, 53.2% and 39.4% with Bi‐PMOS and Ce‐PMOS, respectively). Such efficient photo‐degradations were attributed to the precise doping of metallic nodes of Bi2O3 and CeO2 on the porous structure of PMOS with high surface area. The results also showed that Bi and Ce were more effective in PMOS support for photo‐degradation of dyes as the support provides more lifetime to photo‐generated electron–hole pairs than other materials. Moreover, active reusability and high degradation efficiencies of Bi‐PMOS and Ce‐PMOS proved them better analytical tools to reduce organic pollutants under visible lights.
The Management of Peutz–Jeghers Syndrome: European Hereditary Tumour Group (EHTG) Guideline †

The scientific data to guide the management of Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS) are sparse. The available evidence has been reviewed and discussed by diverse medical specialists in the field of PJS to update the previous guideline from 2010 and formulate a revised practical guideline for colleagues managing PJS patients. Methods: Literature searches were performed using MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane. Evidence levels and recommendation strengths were assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). A Delphi process was followed, with consensus being reached when ≥80% of the voting guideline committee members agreed. Recommendations and statements: The only recent guidelines available were for gastrointestinal and pancreatic management. These were reviewed and endorsed after confirming that no more recent relevant papers had been published. Literature searches were performed for additional questions and yielded a variable number of relevant papers depending on the subject addressed. Additional recommendations and statements were formulated. Conclusions: A decade on, the evidence base for recommendations remains poor, and collaborative studies are required to provide better data about this rare condition. Within these restrictions, multisystem, clinical management recommendations for PJS have been formulated.
Preparation of Waterborne Epoxy Resin Emulsion

The hydrophilic carboxylic group was induced into the main chain of the bisphenol-A-type epoxy resin via alcoholysis reaction between the maleic anhydride and he secondary hydroxyl group of the bisphenol-A-type epoxy resin. Then a self-emulsifying type aqueous epoxy resin was developed. The chemical structure of the resultant was analyzed by FT-IR. The effects of temperature, time, ratio of reactants and neutralization temperature on the reaction were discussed. Then the optimum reaction condition was determined through orthogonal experiment design. The synthesized waterborne epoxy resin has favorable stability and water-dispersion.
Preventing Staphylococcus aureus stainless steel‐associated infections in orthopedics. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of animal literature

Surgical site infection in the presence of orthopedic implants poses significant healthcare and socioeconomic burden. To assess the potential of various prevention strategies against Staphylococcus‐induced stainless steel‐associated infections, a review of animal evidence was designed. The databases of PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL were searched until March 10, 2020, for articles including animal models with stainless steel instrumentation and techniques to prevent Staphylococcus infection. We conducted a random‐effects meta‐analysis of standardized mean differences (SMD) with subgroup analysis linked to various protection strategies and we recorded complications. Quality was assessed with the SYRCLE's risk of bias tool. Twenty‐five studies were included. Combined active coating (featuring organic antibacterial compound release) and degradable passive finishing (lipid‐ or polymer‐based structure modification reducing bacterial adhesion) was favored over untreated controls (SMDs for methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus [MSSA] and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] were −3.46, 95% CI [−4.53 to −2.4], p < .001 [n = 4 head‐to‐head comparisons]; and −6.67, 95% CI [−10.53 to −3], p < .001 [n = 5 head‐to‐head comparisons], respectively). Systemic vitamin D supplementation and systemic antibiotic administration with or without local antibiotics demonstrated favorable outcomes against MSSA infection. On the contrary, no benefit was seen following vaccination. Of note, no side effects were documented. On the basis of data gathered from eight studies, which comprised 294 animals, a bioresorbable polymer‐ or lipid‐based surface modification supplemented with organic coating yielded improved infection‐related outcomes against MSSA and MRSA stainless steel infections, and therefore, this strategy could be further investigated in human research.
Comparison of blue-green solutions for urban flood mitigation: A multi-city large-scale analysis

Flooding risk in cities has been recently exacerbated by increased urbanization and climate change, often with catastrophic consequences in terms of casualties and economic losses. Rainwater harvesting systems and green roofs are recognized as being among the most effective blue-green mitigation measures. However, performances of these systems have currently been investigated only at laboratory or very-small local scales. In this work, we assess the potential benefit of the extensive installation of these solutions on all the rooftops of 9 cities, with different climatological and geographical characteristics. Both surface discharge reduction and delay between rainfall and runoff peak generation have been investigated. Green roofs ensure a larger average lag time between rainfall and runoff peaks than rainwater harvesting systems, without significant differences between intensive and extensive structures. On the other hand, the cost-efficiency analysis, considering the entire urban area, shows a higher retention capacity with a lower financial investment for rainwater harvesting rather than for green roofs in most cases. For extreme rainfall events, large-scale installation of rainwater harvesting systems coupled with intensive green roofs over the entire city have shown to be the most efficient solution, with a total discharge reduction that can vary from 5% to 15%, depending on the city characteristics and local climate.