Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of rabies virus in brain tissue by one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

Polymerase chain reaction is becoming popular in the field of disease diagnosis and in molecular characterization of the etiological agents. A simple method for the rapid detection of rabies virus was standardized employing one step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on 20 rabies suspected brain samples from different species (goat 10, sheep 3, cow 2, camel 2, fox 3). All 20 rabies suspected cases were found to be positive by RT-PCR using N and G gene specific primer sets. In case of N gene, the product size was 200 bp while in G gene it was 406 bp. Nineteen out of 20 brain samples were found to be positive on immunofluorescence and 12 for Negri bodies on histopathological examinations. The results of one step RT-PCR indicate its high sensitivity and usefulness for detecting rabies virus in rabies suspected brain samples.
Increase of antioxidant capacity of the lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) during fermentation by a novel bacterium from the fruit microflora

Members of the genus Vaccinium, such as blueberry and cranberry, are known to be excellent sources of antioxidant phenolic compounds, for example anthocyanins, flavonols and phenolic acids. The fruit also provides a natural habitat for numerous microorganisms. Interaction between the fruit and the microflora might affect the antioxidant phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of wild blueberry fermented by a newly identified bacterium isolated from blueberry-fruit surface microflora, Serratia vaccinii. Increase in the antioxidant capacity following fermentation of blueberries by the novel bacterium, as determined with the 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method, was attributed not only to an increase in total phenolics, but also to a change in the phenolic profile, as demonstrated by the production of gallic acid and of a novel compound of phenolic or phenylpropanoic structure. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
ASSOCIATION OF IGF?I GENE POLYMORPHISMS WITH CARCASS TRAITS IN IRANIAN MEHRABAN SHEEP USING SSCP ANALYSIS

Molecular genetics selection on individual genes is a promising method to genetically improve economically important traits in livestock. The insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I) gene may play important roles in growth of multiple tissues, including muscle cells, cartilage and bone. The objectives of the present study were the estimate the haplotype frequencies of the IGF-I gene polymorphisms in Iranian Mehraban sheep and to determine associations between polymorphisms and carcass traits in 439 individuals. Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing methods were employed in screening for genetic variation. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (C114G and G116A) and two amino acid exchange (S5T and G6S) with three patterns were found in IGF-I gene fragment. Associations of IGF-I patterns with blood cholesterol and blood triglycerides were significant (P<0.05) and tended to be significant (P<0.1) for dorsal fat thick and carcass weight. The other studied traits were not significantly affected by different patterns of IGF-I. This finding indicates that IGF-I polymorphisms may be used as DNA markers for selection in the breeding process of Mehraban sheep.
Development of molecular markers for genetic stock identification of chum salmon

SYUITI ABE1, SHUNPEI SATO2, HIROYUKI KOJIMA3, JUNKO ANDO1, HIRONORI ANDO2, RICHARD L. WILMOT4, LISA W. SEEB5, VRADIMIR EFREMOV6, LARRY LECLAIR7, WALLY BUCHHOLTZ8, JIN DEUK-HEE9, MASAHIDE KAERIYAMA3, SHIGEHIKO URAWA10, and AKIHISA URANO2. 1Center Adv. Sci. Technol. and 2Grad. Sch. Sci., Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo, Japan; 3Grad. Sch. Sci. Engineer. , Hokaido Tokai Univ., Sapporo, Japan; 4fluke Bay Lab. , Alaska Fish. Sci. Center, NOAA, Juneau, USA; 5Alaska Dept. Fish & Game, Anchorage, USA; 6Russian Acad Sci., Vladivostok, Russia; 7NFSC, Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv. , Seatle, USA; 8US Fish & Wildlife Serv. , Anchorage, USA; 9Kangnung Natl. Univ., Kangnung, Korea; 10ONatl. Salmon Resources Center, Sapporo, Japan
The uptake of dried meat baits by foxes and investigations of baiting rates in Western Australia

The uptake of dried meat baits by foxes (Vulpes vulpes) was measured in large-scale field trials using non-toxic baits containing the biomarker tetracycline. Baits were aerially delivered at nominal baiting rates of 5 baits km–2 (4 sites) and 10 baits km–2 (3 sites). The proportion of sampled adult foxes that had consumed the bio-marked baits ranged from 62 to 88% (mean 79.5%). Uptake of baits did not increase at the higher baiting rate. Bait uptake at the levels recorded in these trials would result in effective reductions in fox populations exposed to toxic baits. Bait uptake would have been sufficient to prevent the spread of rabies within fox populations at the densities occurring during the study, either by population reduction or in conjunction with oral vaccination.
Honeybee cognitive ecology in a fluctuating agricultural setting of apple and pear trees

Honeybees’ plasticity to adjust responses according to environmental changes has been extensively studied in the laboratory but seldom along temporal variation in natural resources. Apple (Malus domesticus) and pear (Pyrus communis) trees often coexist in mixed agricultural settings offering different resources, and their blooming periods are slightly shifted. This scenario provides an opportunity to study how changing environments influence the way the honeybees perceive, learn, discriminate, and use odor-resource information along successive flowering events. We found that honeybees preferred to gather pollen on pear flowers and nectar on apple. These individual preferences correlated with variations in the type of resources collected at the colony level according to changes in the floral market. Spontaneous proboscis extension response to pear and apple floral scents of bees captured at the hives located within the crops fluctuated according to changes in floral availability too. The capability of the proboscis extension response-trained honeybees to discriminate between both floral scents at the beginning or at the end of the flowering period was also found, although bees lose this ability when both flowers were fully available. These response patterns suggest that olfactory information experienced on flowers were memorized to predict reward yet susceptible of being reversed when the floral scents were no longer available in the orchard. Combining behavioral assays and field observations, we provide here an example of how honeybees process floral odor information to make decisions about resources in a fluctuating complex environment.
Promotion of Immature Seed Germination in Jacaranda mimosifolia

In vitro germination of immature seeds of Jacaranda mimosifolia treated with gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) was studied. Immature seeds were collected monthly after crossings and sown on Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium with 3.0% sucrose and 0.6% agar after soaked 24 hours with 0, 10, 100, and 500 mg·L -1 GA 3 solutions. Though germination was observed in the immature seeds harvested 2 months after crossing (2 MAC), the rate was quite low. When immature seeds of 3 MAC treated with 100 or 500 mg·L -1 GA 3 solution were cultured, >60% germination were obtained within 2 weeks after culturing. These results indicate that immature seeds of 3 MAC treated with adequate GA 3 solutions, seedlings can be obtained precociously and the period from crossing to the seedling stage was shorter than for mature seeds. Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don, native to northwest Argentine and southern Brazil, is one of the most beautiful ornamental trees with attractive lilac-colored fl owers (Gentry, 1992). Although this species is favorable for planting along avenue and parks, the utilization of this species is restricted to tropical and subtropical regions because of its poor tolerance to cold climate. Cold hardiness in Jacaranda, therefore, seems to be one of the most important objectives in the breeding of this plant. Since Jacaranda seeds require more than 6 months for maturation after pollination, the long period from crossing to obtaining of the seedlings constitute an obstacle in the cross breeding of this species. Shortening the period from pollination to the seedling stage was attempted by ovule, ovary or embryo culture in some horticultural plants (Anderson et al., 1990; Torresan et al., 1996; Yasugi, 1984). To obtain seedlings through ovule culture effectively, plant growth regulators are often used (Sharma et al., 1996). The objectives of this research were to study the effect of gibberellin on immature seeds germination in vitro and to establish a method to shorten the period from crossing to seedling stage in Jacaranda mimosifolia.
Medium-term changes in grass composition and diversity of Highland Sourveld grassland in the southern Drakensberg in response to fire and grazing management

This study examined the compositional stability of Highland Sourveld in response to fire and grazing by wildlife (Coleford Nature Reserve) and by cattle on three properties over 20-25 years. A limited amount of compositional change took place except on a property stocked 1.5 times as heavily as the others, but no species were lost. In general, Decreaser species decreased and Increaser 2 species increased, although individual species of a group did not show a consistent pattern of change in abundance. Consistent heavy grazing favoured mtshiki species (Sporobolus africanus, Eragrostis plana), stoloniferous species (Paspalum notatum) and Alloteropsis semialata. The extent of compositional change was least at an intermediate (0.4 versus 0.1-0.75AU ha-1) stocking density. Clovelly soils were prone to twice as much change as Hutton or Mispah soils. On lands abandoned for >50 years, the dominant E. curvula declined by two thirds and small amounts of characteristic Highland Sourveld species established. Infrequent burning (every six years) resulted in twice as much compositional change as annual burning. Ordination techniques revealed three main groups of species, in terms of their amount and direction of change, identifiable with the Increaser-Decreaser classification. Important contradictions were, however, evident, such as a similar response for the Decreaser Themeda triandra and the Increaser 2 Diheteropogon filifolius, indicating review of this classification is warranted for the Highland Sourveld. Changes in composition reflected changes in grass diversity (evenness, species richness, Shannon-Weaver diversity). Heavy grazing increased evenness, hence Shannon-Weaver diversity, through reducing the mono-dominance of T. triandra. Grazing-induced changes in grassland composition may therefore reflect the conservation status of grasslands.
Response of Mediterranean Tall Fescue Cultivars to Contrasting Agricultural Environments and Implications for Selection

Extensive livestock is a basic socio-economic feature of the Mediterranean region whose environmental and economic sustainability depends on the ability of forage resources to withstand climatically stressful conditions. Perennial forages such as tall fescue can be a valuable alternative to annuals, if they can survive across successive summer droughts. Three-year dry matter yield and plant survival of five cultivars of Mediterranean-type tall fescue were evaluated in six sites of Algeria, France, Italy, Morocco and Portugal, with the following objectives: (i) modelling adaptive responses and targeting cultivars as a function of environmental factors associated with genotype x location interaction; and (ii) defining plant ideotypes, adaptation strategies and opportunities for international co-operation for regional breeding programmes. Site mean yield and winter temperatures were positively correlated, whereas sward persistence was positively correlated to lower site heat and drought stress. Cultivar adaptation was adequately modelled by factorial regression as a function of site spring– summer (April–September) drought stress (long-term potential evapotranspiration minus actual water available) for yield, and annual drought stress for final persistence. Specific-adaptation responses to high- or low-stress environments emerged which were consistent with drought-stress levels of cultivar selection environments. However, the wide-adaptation response of cultivar Flecha suggested that breeding for wide adaptation can be feasible.
J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 50, 169–176 (2004)

ML-236B and its intermediates were isolated from cultures of Penicillium citrinum SANK18767 and characterized as competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase (Endo et al., 1976). ML-236B has been shown to be significantly effective in lowering serum cholesterol levels in animal species such as hens, dogs, monkeys and humans (Yamamoto et al., 1980). A derivative of ML-236B, pravastatin sodium, with a distinct advantage in inhibiting the enzyme in a tissue-selective manner, has been introduced into clinical use in many countries. Pravastatin sodium is being produced using two fermentation steps (Hosobuchi et al., 1993b). The first step is the production of ML-236B by P. citrinum. It is then changed to ML-236B sodium by adding sodium hydroxide. The second step is the microbial hydroxylation of ML-236B sodium to pravastatin sodium by Streptomyces carbophilus. Several efforts to improve ML-236B production and the conversion rate to produce a large amount of pravastatin sodium have been reported (Hosobuchi et al., 1993a; Matsuoka et al., 1989; Watanabe et al., 1995). The amount of ML-236B produced by the original isolate SANK18767 was too small for industrial production. Strain improvement through classical techMolecular basis of ML-236B production in the high-producing mutant No. 41520 of Penicillium citrinum
Comparison of Word2vec with Hash2vec for Machine Translation

Machine Translation is the study of computer translation of a text written in one human language into text in a different language. Within this field, a word embedding is a mapping from terms in a language into small dimensional vectors which can be processed using mathematical operations. Two traditional word embedding approaches are word2vec, which uses a Neural Network, and hash2vec, which is based on a simpler hashing algorithm. In this project, we have explored the relative suitability of each approach to sequence to sequence text translation using a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). We also carried out experiments to test if we can directly compute a mapping between word embeddings in one language to word embeddings in another language using Linear Regression followed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). We trained the word2vec model for 24 hours using google collab default settings. This word2vec model when applied to sentence translation produced results with 85% accuracy. Surprisingly, the hash2vec model performed relatively well with 60% accuracy. The hash2vec model required only 6 hours of processing time which saved a lot of time spent in training the word2vec model. Further research can be carried out using the hash2vec technique on larger datasets and applying it to different machine learning models.
Predictions of low bounds on skilled performance from state transition descriptions

Lower bound predictions of skilled human performance times on a large set of tasks can be obtained given only a state transition description of the device as input. The approach shows that, in the studied devices, and perhaps more generally, there is a remarkable correlation between the optimal number of actions required to perform a task and the Fitts Law predicted time: optimal task times and optimal action counts are correlated comparably to conventional experimental correlation of Fitts Law estimates and empirical user times. It follows that a description of neither the interface layout, nor the distance between buttons, is required for estimating low bounds on user timings. In other words, designers can now with some conﬁdence (with hedges as discussed) modify and re-analyze designs to help improve task times prior to obtaining empirical data of actual timings. We justify and provide in full an algorithm that gives optimal task times for any tasks, and which allows for user choice. The algorithm, based on the Fitts Law or other rules (e.g., information foraging laws), can be used early in the design process before empirical data is available or when only estimates are available. A discussion of scope and validity of the contribution is also included. Categories and Subject Descriptors: H.5. 2 [ User interfaces ]: Theory and methods; D.2. 8 [ Metrics ]: Performance measures; K.7. m
Lin Li1,3 · Qing Liu1 · Jingjing Huang1 · Shuying Luo1 · He Sun1 · Hao Zheng1,2 · Chuanqi Feng2

The Zn-doped LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 samples were prepared by a simple sol–gel method combined with calcination at certain temperature. The crystal structure, morphology, and lithium storage performance of as-prepared materials were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and galvanostatic charge/discharge tests. The Zn-doped samples kept same structure as that of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 and took on morphology of nanoirregular cubes with length of 50–200 nm. The electrochemical performances for the Zn-doped LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 were improved obviously. Especially, the sample doped with 6% Zn (LNCM-0.06Zn) behaved with higher reversible capacity and better cycle performances (It maintained reversible capacity as 173 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.5 C and 118 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles, even at high rate of 8 C). So LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 doped with suitable amount of Zn is a promising cathode for lithium-ion battery application.
Influence of -carbide interface structure on the formability of lightweight steels

κ-carbide () in high aluminium (Al) steels is grown from austenite () via + or α+ ( represents ferrite), and is a lamellar structure. This work demonstrates that the formability of high Al lightweight steels is affected by the lattice misfit and interface shape between  and matrix. The cold workability can be improved by either to change the steel chemical constitution or to implement an electro-thermo-mechanical process. For ferrite-matrix-based high Al steel, electric-current promotes the spheroidization and refinement of  structure and reduces volume fraction of  phase. This retards the crack nucleation and propagation, and hence improves the materials formability. The observation is caused by a direct effect of electric-current rather than side effects.
Constructing models for direct prediction of 5-year crown recession in southwestern Oregon Douglas-fir

Crown recession rates were estimated by branch mortality dating on 357 sectioned Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stems from temporary plots. Numerous nonlinear, logarithmic, and gamma-theory generalized linear models were developed for predicting 5-year crown recession across a range in tree, stand, and site conditions. Residual analyses and indices of fit demonstrated that a multiplicative model with lognormal errors was the most appropriate model form. The recommended logarithmic model predicts crown recession from current crown ratio, total height, breast height age, height growth, and crown competition factor. Data from southwestern Oregon indicate that within a given stand, trees with midsized crown ratios experience the most rapid crown recession.
Are three colonies of Neostromboceros albicomus, a candidate biological control agent for Lygodium microphyllum, the same host biotype?

ABSTRACT Three colonies of Neostromboceros albicomus, a candidate biological control agent of Lygodium microphyllum, were barcoded using the D2 expansion domain, to determine which of two biotypes they represented. The first colony, collected in 2005 and 2007, was used for the initial host range testing. Colonies collected in 2012 and 2014 are currently being used to finalise this testing. All three colonies were collected in Trat Province, Thailand and all three populations show identical sequences to the N. albicomus biotype which prefers L. microphyllum as its host plant. The N. albicomus biotype that uses L. flexuosum as its host plant differs by a single nucleotide, a difference which may reflect cryptic speciation.
Factors Affecting Business Students Using Online Electronic Platforms as Their Places for Academic Discussion

The role of information and communication technology (ICT) is increasingly important in our Business education in universities. Students are using mobile technologies in their studies. The Unified theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) is validated partially. Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy and Social Influence are associated with the behavioral intention using electronic platforms in student’s academic discussion. Facilitating Conditions is not associated with Use Behavior.
Mobile Games for Negotiated-Play and Decision-Making in Health Literacy

The purpose of this qualitative case study study is to examine the ways in which mobile videogames can be used in non-formal educational environments, to support students to develop decision-making skills through negotiated play. In the context of this study, the health literacy mobile videogame, PlayForward: Elm City Stories developed at Yale University was implemented in an afterschool setting in southern Europe. In this study we explored how secondary school students negotiate meaning, make decisions, and interpret the consequences in a non-formal education context, through an interpretive symbolic-interactive framework. The data included individual interviews with students, field-notes, and video-based student-groups' interactions. These were analyzed with the use of open coding techniques. The analysis of the data resulted in the following three assertions: (a) The technical affordances of the game such as sound, usability, rating system, and visuals, are vital features that defined the quality of play and learning experience; (b) The narrative of the game guided the learning game-play experience of the students; and, (c) Students perceived that their engagement in the game facilitated their collaboration and decision-making. These are discussed alongside recommendations for game design for supporting negotiated play and decision-making.
The Relativistic Theory of Gravitation Beyond General Relativity

It presents the basics of the “Relativistic theory of gravitation”, with the inclusion of original texts, from various papers, published between 1987 and 2009, by theirs authors: S. S Gershtein, A. A. Logunov, Yu. M. Loskutov and M. A. Mestvirishvili, additionally, together with the introductions, summaries and conclusions of the author of this paper. The “Relativistic theory of gravitation” is a gauge theory, compatible with the theories of quantum physics of the electromagnetic, weak and strong forces, which defines gravity as the fourth force existing in nature, as a static field equipped with the transmitter particles of the virtual gravitons of spins 2 and 0, within the spirit of Galilei's principle of relativity, in his generalization of Poincare's Special Relativity that allowed the authors to universalize that the physical laws of nature are complied with regardless of the frames of reference where they apply, integrated into the Grossmann-Einstein Entwurf theory, in its further development, by those authors, therefore, this theory preserves the conservation laws of energy-impulse and angular impulse of the gravitational field jointly to the other material fields existing in nature, in the Riemann's effective spacetime, through its identity with Minkowski's pseudo Euclidean spacetime.