Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geographic variation in lizard phenotypes: importance of the incubation environment

Geographic variation in phenotypes can result from proximate environmental eVects as well as from underlying genetic factors. Reciprocal transplant experiments, in which organisms are moved from one area to another, oVer a powerful technique to partition the eVects of these two factors. However, many studies that have utilized this technique have focused on the post-hatching organism only and ignored potential eVects of environmental influences acting during embryonic development. We examined the phenotypic responses of hatchling scincid lizards (Lampropholis guichenoti) incubated in the laboratory under thermal regimes characteristic of natural nests in two study areas in southeastern Australia. Although the sites were less than 120 km apart, lizards from these two areas diVered in thermal regimes of natural nests, and in hatchling phenotypes (morphology, locomotor performance). We incubated eggs from each area under the thermal regimes typical of both sites. Some of the traits we measured (e.g. hatchling mass and snout-vent length) showed little or no phenotypic plasticity in response to diVerences in incubation conditions, whereas other traits (e.g. incubation period, tail length, inter-limb length, body shape, locomotor performance) were strongly influenced by the thermal regime experienced by the embryo. Thus, a significant proportion of the geographic variation in morphology and locomotor performance of hatchling lizards may be directly induced by diVerences in nest temperatures rather than by genetic divergence. We suggest that future studies using the reciprocal transplant design should consider environmental influences on all stages of the life-history, including embryonic development as well as post-hatching life.
Fundamental relation between electrical and thermoelectric transport coefficients in the quantum Hall regime

The two components S-xx and S-yx of the phonon-drag thermoelectric power in two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) are found to be related by S-yx = alpha B(dS(xx)/dB) in the integer and fractional quantum Hall regime. A similar relation exists for electrical resistivity, rho(xx) = alpha B(d rho(xy)/dB), and we show that experimentally the constant alpha is the same in both cases indicating the universal character of such relations for transport in 2DEGs. These results link the behavior of S-yx, which hitherto has not been understood, to that of S-xx and thus opens a new way of explaining this quantity.
Nonequilibrium transport and statistics of Schwinger pair production in Weyl semimetals

The non-equilibrium dynamics beyond linear response of Weyl semimetals is studied after a sudden switching on of a DC electric field. The resulting current is a nonmonotonic function of time, with an initial quick increase of polarization current followed by a power-law decay. Particle-hole creation \`a la Schwinger dominates for long times when the conduction current takes over the leading role, with the total current increasing again. The conductivity estimated from a dynamical calculation within a Drude picture agrees with the one obtained from Kubo's formula. The full distribution function of electron-hole pairs changes from Poissonian for short perturbations to a Gaussian in the long perturbation (Landau-Zener) regime. The vacuum persistence probability of high energy physics manifests itself in a finite probability of no pair creation and no induced current at all times.
A New Wind Turbine Control Method to Smooth Power Generation. Modelling and Comparison to Wind Turbine Frequency Control.

Following the significant increase of world wide installed wind power during the first decade of the 21st century, transmission system operators are faced with new challenges originating from the intermittent character of renewable energy sources and their installation on low and medium voltage levels. One challenge arising from the fluctuating nature of wind is to maintain frequency stability. This thesis presents a new approach to smooth the power generation of wind turbines subjected to varying wind. An active power feedback control has been developed which feeds back the momentary power generation to the turbine pitch and speed control systems. This power feedback control has been implemented in the simulation software SIMPOW and the results have been compared to a frequency control regulator for wind turbines. The frequency control was developed by the Power System Analysis Group at A° F Industry as a part of the Swedish research initiative Elforsk. Simulation results show that the power feedback control clearly levels the active power production of wind turbines under varying wind and thereby diminishes network frequency excursions. To achieve this, turbine deloading through a pitch angle offset is found to be imperative. The effect of different deloading levels of a turbine are evaluated, clearly demonstrating the correlation between larger deloading, enhanced frequency stability and declining energy yield. Up to wind power shares of approximately 25 %, the performance of the power feedback control is on a par with the frequency control, i.e., frequency excursions are equally subdued. Above this level of installed wind power, the frequency control is superior. Usage of the wind turbine power feedback control is discouraged because of its poorer performance, its unintuitive function and the difficulty to predict its behaviour. Lastly, the frequency control is applied to a much simplified black start case, showing the expediency of the control method to improve frequency stability, but also the extended requirement on a large turbine deloading when there are no synchronously generating units in the network.
A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Three Risk Tolerance Measures: Turkey and the United States Case

An individualâ€™s attitude toward financial risk tolerance (FRT) is an important preference that influences financial decision-making under uncertainty. FRT involves inter-temporal resource allocation. Accurate and reliable measures of FRT are essential for professionals advising consumers as well as researchers who are trying to predict, and understand consumer behavior. This study explores cross-cultural risk tolerance by comparing random samples from Turkey, and the United States. Similar and distinctive attitudes, and patterns regarding FRT are identified. Three subjective measures of FRT are employed in this study: Grable and Lytton (1999), Hanna, Gutter and Fanâ€™s (2001) improved version of Barsky, Juster, Kimball and Shapiro (1997), and the Survey of Consumer Financeâ€™s item on risk tolerance. Data was collected via an online survey that used the above-mentioned FRT measures. There were two versions: the original American English version, and a culturally translated Turkish version. To explore the correlation of FRT among measures, we use bivariate analysis by individually employing Pearson Chi-square test of independence, and cross tabulations analysis to each sample. In addition, by pooling both samples, we conduct cumulative logistic regression. We delineate FRT differences and consistencies between countries across subjective financial risk tolerance measures.
Genetic transformation of Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep. using retarded shoots

A protocol for regeneration and genetic transformation was established for Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep. 'Chiang Mai Pink' using retarded shoots as explants. In vitro retarded shoots were cut into 0.5� 0.5� 0.5 cm blocks and co- cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain AGLO harboring the binary vector, pBI121 or pBI121-Ca-ACS1. The explants were incubated in the bacteria suspension for 30 min. The explants and bacteria were cultured on MS medium for 2 days in darkness at 25°C for co-cultivation. Then, the explants were transferred onto MS medium containing 0.1 mg l � 1 IAA, 4 mg l � 1 IMA, 0.5 mg l � 1 TDZ, 50 mg l � 1 kanamycin and 500 mg l � 1 vancomycin. The explants were subcultured every 2 weeks. After 4 weeks in culture, the explants with small shoot buds were transferred onto MS medium containing 50 mg l � 1 kanamycin. Within 4 weeks, the shoots were separated and subcultured every 2 weeks on MS medium containing 0.1 mg l � 1 IAA and 50 mg l � 1 kanamycin. PCR analysis, histochemical GUS assay and Southern blotting of the regenerated plants confirmed transformation events. We obtained transformed plants within 3 months after co-cultivation with the bacteria and the transformation frequency exceeded 14%, which is suitable for practical use.
Mycorrhizal colonization, hyphal lengths, and soil moisture associated with two Artemisia tridentata subspecies

-Mycorrhizal fungi are thought to benefit associated plant species via enhanced nutrient uptake and/or improved water relations. However, detailed descriptions of the components of mycorrhizal colonization and mycorrhizal hyphal growth are not available for Artemisia tridentata. This species occupies sites characterized by relatively low levels ofboth soil nutrients and moisture. We studied patterns ofvesicular, arbuscular, and hyphal mycorrhizal colonization, mycorrhizal hyphal lengths, and soil moisture associated with two subspecies of A. tridentata over a 2-year period. A. tridentata ssp. vaseyana (ATV) is generally associated with more mesic and slightly higher elevation sites compared to A. tridentata ssp. tridentata (ATI). Nearly twice as much precipitation was received the first year compared to the second. In general, there were higher levels of colonization and hyphal lengths associated with ATV than with ATT. The ATV site received slightly more precipitation and was lower in available nutrients than the ATI site. Hyphal lengths and arbuscular colonization appeared more responsive to precipitation than were either vesicular or hyphal colonization. Hyphal colonization did not necessarily follow the same temporal pattern as hyphal lengths. Thus, mycorrhizal activity was greater for the subspecies that received slightly more precipitation and occupied a site lower in available nutrients. Arbuscular colonization and hyphal lengths appeared to be most closely associated with soil moisture and thus plant activity.
Measuring equilibrium models: a multivariate approach

This paper presents a multivariate methodology for obtaining measures of unobserved macroeconomic variables. The used procedure is the multivariate Hodrick-Prescot which depends on smoothing param eters. The choice of these parameters is crucial. Our approach is based on consistent estimators of these parameters, depending only on the observed data.
Magnetic surface anisotropy of cobalt and surface roughness effects within Neel's model

Neel's phenomenological model of magnetic surface anisotropy is generalised to hexagonal close-packed structures in order to determine the magnetic surface anisotropy of cobalt. The results obtained are in fair agreement with experimental values for the Au(111)/Co interface. It is also shown that Neel's model allows the surface roughness to be easily taken into account.
Framing the World cUPP: Competing Discourses of Favela Pacification as a Mega-Event Legacy in Brazil

In November of 2010, Brazilian military and police officers rolled through the streets of Complexo de Alemao, Rio de Janeiro’s largest favela, in an effort to ‘take back’ the community from notorious drug traffickers in time for the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympic Games. Given the pervasive rhetoric that the occupation of favelas by the ‘pacifying’ Unidade de Policia Pacificadora (UPP) program is for these mega events, what are the effects of this framing, and how is it used and contested by multiple actors? What subjects are called into being as a ‘threat’ through discourses regarding the UPPs, and how does this rhetoric legitimate violent practices of security by the state? Employing Judith Butler’s concepts of framing and the constitutive outside, I argue that there are multiple and competing discourses that frame UPP military police interventions, which have important legacy ramifications for Brazil’s mega events. In general, many international popular media accounts highly decontextualize and exoticize the space of the favela, constituting a site of threatening, yet consumable, Otherness. The state tends to construct simplistic dichotomies of space and subjects as threatening in order to legitimate its own actions. However, many favela inhabitants are reframing these constitutions to undermine the state’s attempts at legitimation and bring into relief the historical and socio-political continuities of Brazilian militarization.
Crash and Rally Options

In this paper, we introduce new types of options which do not yet exist in the market, but they have some very desirable properties. These proposed contracts can directly insure events such as a market crash or a market rally. Although the currently traded options can to some extent address situations of extreme market movements, there is no contract whose payofi would be directly linked to the market crash and priced and hedged accordingly as an option.
A conceptual theoretical framework to integrally assess the possible impacts of climate change on domestic irrigation water use

Southern Africa is likely to experience higher evapotranspiration and altered rainfall characteristics due to global warming and climate change. Climate-driven water use may potentially stress water supply facilities due to increased demand and reduced surface water yield. This paper presents a conceptual theoretical framework for assessing impacts of climate change on domestic irrigation water use. The prediction of climatic conditions that may potentially influence future water use is reviewed together with regional capacity for downscaling global climate projections. The impact assessment of water use is based on the modification and adaptation of an existing end-use model for water demand to include parameters for climate change. The Penman-Monteith equation and the soil water balance equation are incorporated for the estimation of daily water needs of vegetated areas in residential properties. The paper also discusses data requirements and a calibration procedure to improve model fit to the observed domestic irrigation water use. The proposed approach could form a basis for constructing a detailed model for planning various adaption measures relating to climate-driven domestic irrigation water use.
Modelling the behaviour of composite sandwich structures when subject to air blast loading

Large-scale glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) and carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) sandwich structures (1.6 m x 1.3 m) were subject to explosive air blast (100 kg TNT equivalent) at stand-off distances of 14 m. Digital image correlation (DIC) was used to obtain full-field data for the rear-face of each deforming target. A steel plate of comparable mass per unit area was also subjected to the same blast conditions for comparison. The experimental data was then verified with finite element models generated in Abaqus/Explicit. Close agreement was obtained between the numerical and experimental results, confirming that the CFRP panels had a superior blast performance to the GFRP panels. Moreover all composite targets sustained localised failures (that were more severe in the GFRP targets) but retained their original shape post blast. The rear-skins remained intact for each composite target with core shear failure present.
Regular homotopy and total curvature II: sphere immersions into 3-space

We consider properties of the total curvature functional on the space of 2‐sphere immersions into 3‐space. We show that the infimum over all sphere eversions of the maximum of the total curvature during an eversion is at most 8 and we establish a non-injectivity result for local minima. 53C42; 53A04, 57R42
Proton-electron bremsstrahlung

The collision of energetic protons with free electrons is accompanied by the emission of bremsstrahlung. If the target electrons are approximately at rest, this process is designated electron-proton bremsstrahlung or suprathermal proton bremsstrahlung. The kinematics and the fully relativistic cross section of proton-electron bremsstrahlung in Born approximation is given. The X-ray spectrum produced by protons with a power-law spectrum is calculated for thin and thick targets.
Wave characteristics of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

In this paper, the wave characteristics, namely, the spectrum and dispersion relations of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are studied. The MWNTs are modeled as multiple thin shells coupled through van der Waals force. Each wall of the MWNT has three displacements, {\it i.e}, axial, circumferential and radial with variation along the axial and circumferential directions. The wave characteristics are obtained by transforming the governing differential wave equations to frequency domain via Fourier transform. This transformation is first done in time using fast Fourier transform (FFT) and then in one spatial dimension using Fourier series. These transformed equations are solved by posing them as polynomial eigenvalue problem (PEP). The solution gives the wavenumbers and the wave speeds. First, the wave properties are studied for infinite length MWNT which does not have any variation along the axial direction. Next, the wavenumbers are studied for finite length MWNT with small and large radii. The analysis is done for single, double and three-walled carbon nanotubes.
Comparison of hydrological model structures based on recession and low flow simulations

Abstract. Low flows are often poorly reproduced by commonly used hydrological models, which are traditionally designed to meet peak flow situations. Hence, there is a need to improve hydrological models for low flow prediction. This study assessed the impact of model structure on low flow simulations and recession behaviour using the Framework for Understanding Structural Errors (FUSE). FUSE identifies the set of subjective decisions made when building a hydrological model and provides multiple options for each modeling decision. Altogether 79 models were created and applied to simulate stream flows in the snow dominated headwater catchment Narsjo in Norway (119 km2). All models were calibrated using an automatic optimisation method. The results showed that simulations of summer low flows were poorer than simulations of winter low flows, reflecting the importance of different hydrological processes. The model structure influencing winter low flow simulations is the lower layer architecture, whereas various model structures were identified to influence model performance during summer.
Electrodeposition of platinum metals and alloys from chloride melts

The structure of platinum metals and their alloys deposited by the electrolysis of chloride melts have been investigated. The cathodic deposits were both in the form of compact layers and dendrites. All the alloys of platinum metals obtained are solid solutions in the whole range of composition. Depending on the experimental conditions the layers had columnar, stratum and spiral (dissipative) structures. The stratum and dissipative structures were observed in the case of alloys only.
Development Instruments Through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in Appropriate Intensity Assessment

The research aims to develop the valid and reliable measurement instruments of entrepreneurship intention in vocational secondary school students. Multi stage random sampling was used as the technique to determine sample (300 respondents). The research method used research and development with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Result of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) at the second order with robust maximum likelihood method shows that valid and reliable instrument with the acquisition value of loading factor is more than 0.5 (> 0,5) and a significance value of t is more than 1,96 (> 1,96). Reliability test results shows that the value of the combined construct reliability (CR) of 0.97and a variance value extract (VE) to 0.52 is greater than the limit of acceptance CR ? 0.70 and VE ? 0.50. The conclusion of the measurement instruments of entrepreneurship intention with three dimensions and 31 items met the standards of validity and reliability in accordance with the instrument development process.
06 Walsh PP paper_ESRI Vol 43-2

There is a growing literature on the contribution of behavioural economics to the design and improvement of tax policy. A less well-developed area is the potential for behavioural research to contribute to better tax administration. Better understanding of the motives of taxpayers and their attitudes and behaviour towards taxation can improve both voluntary compliance and the efficiency of the tax administration. The literature suggests tax compliance is determined by five broad factors: deterrence; norms (both personal and social); fairness and trust (in the tax administration); complexity of the tax system; and the role of government and the broader economic environment. Research in Ireland suggests that deterrence, the more traditional tool of tax administrations, is important but not sufficient to explain the level of tax compliance in society. Other factors are shown to be important, particularly the influence of personal norms and the level of trust in the tax administration. Perceptions of the prevailing social norms are also important determinants of compliance but appear to exert less influence on taxpayers than personal norms. The experiences of tax administrations in using behavioural research to influence taxpayers are examined and work in this area in Ireland is outlined.
The Influence of Leadership Style on Accounting Information System Success and Its Impact on Accounting Information Quality

Accounting information system is a tool used by management in organizations to provide added value in order to generate a competitive advantage for the organization. The functions of accounting information systems are to provide important information to reduce the uncertainty, support the decision-making, and encourage a better planning, scheduling, and controlling of the work activities. Leadership is an important factor in the effective implementation of accounting information system. This study examines the influence of leadership style on accounting information system success and its impact on accounting information quality. The results showed that the stronger leadership style within the organization will enhance accounting information system success. Accounting information systems strongly associated with the use of information technology. To plan and implement accounting information systems in organizations needed strong leadership in influencing and directing the organization's members. Furthermore, it was also found that accounting information system success has implications for accounting information quality. Keywords: Accounting Information Systems Success, Accounting Information Quality, Leadership Style Errata : There is a writing error the name of the reference. In the article, name written Loudon and Loudon (2012). It should be Laudon and Laudon (2012).
TGF-β Activation and Signaling in Angiogenesis

The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway regulates various cellular processes during tissue and organ development and homeostasis. Deregulation of the expression and/or functions of TGF-β ligands, receptors or their intracellular signaling components leads to multiple diseases including vascular pathologies, autoimmune disorders, fibrosis and cancer. In vascular development, physiology and disease TGF-β signaling can have angiogenic and angiostatic properties, depending on expression levels and the tissue context. The objective of this chapter is to analyze the mechanisms that contribute to the activation and signaling of TGF-β in developmental, physiological and pathological angiogenesis, with a particular emphasis on the importance of TGF-β signaling in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS).