Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of prolonged fasting on insulin secretion, insulin action and hepatic versus whole-body insulin secretion disposition indices in healthy young males.

AIM The extent to which reduced insulin secretion during prolonged fasting reflects failure to compensate for whole-body insulin resistance or a normal adjustment to potentially increased hepatic insulin action is unknown. METHODS We examined the effects of 36 versus 12 h fasting on insulin secretion and whole-body versus hepatic insulin action in 13 healthy young males. Hepatic glucose production and insulin action was studied using stable isotopes, whereas whole-body insulin action and insulin secretion was studied using an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and minimal modelling. Insulin, glucose and lipid profiles were subsequently measured during a refeeding meal-test. RESULTS Prolonged fasting caused a minor reduction of first-phase insulin secretion in a context of improved hepatic insulin action contrasting an increase in whole-body insulin resistance. Accordingly, prolonged fasting was associated with opposite directed effects on hepatic versus whole-body insulin secretion disposition indices. Thirty-six compared with 12 h fasting was associated with increased plasma insulin levels during the refeeding meal test. CONCLUSION In conclusion, reduced insulin secretion during prolonged fasting may represent a healthy response to improved hepatic insulin action. Use of insulin secretion disposition indices without taking organ specific insulin action into account may lead to erroneous conclusions.
Role of nitrification inhibitor DMPP （3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate ） in NO3^--N accumulation in greengrocery（ Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis ） and vegetable soil

The influence of nitrification inhibitor(NI) 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) on nitrate accumulation in greengrocery( Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis) and vegetable soil at surface layer were investigated in field experiments in 2002 and 2003.Results showed that NI DMPP took no significant effect on yields of edible parts of greengrocery, but it could significantly decrease NO3- -N concentration in greengrccery and in vegetable soil at surface layer. In addition, NI DMPP could reduce the NO3--N concentration during the prophase stage of storage.
The five-year outcome of the transcatheter aortic valve replacement in the partner 2A study in patients with intermediate surgical risk—what is clear and what it is unclear

J Thorac Dis 2020;12(11):7057-7063 | http://dx.doi. org/10.21037/jtd-20-1205 The 5-year results of the PARTNER 2A study of the transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in patients with intermediate surgical risk were recently published in the New England Journal of Medicine (1). At its first publication in the same journal, in July 2017 (2), the study was accepted by the scientific community as a confirmation that transcatheter technique can also be applied to patients with intermediate-risk aortic stenosis. Precisely in light of the results of the PANTER 2A study and the Pivotal trial (3) (who used the self-expanding (SE) valve in the same type of patients), the ESC guidelines published in the same year considered in Class 1 level of evidence B the indication for surgical replacement or percutaneous implantation of the aortic valve in patients with STS score ≥4 (or with other comorbidities not including risk scores such as fragility, the presence of porcelain aorta or previous chest radiation therapy) with evaluation by the heart team and preferring the percutaneous procedure in elderly patients and when the procedure is feasible for transfemoral access (4,5). Treating intermediate-risk patients, however, has rekindled the discussion especially regarding the durability of the percutaneous valve (6). For this reason, the publication of the results at 5 years has provided new insights on the percutaneous treatment of aortic stenosis. The Partner 2A study included a total of 2,032 patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis, with intermediate surgical risk (STS score ≥4%) in 57 centers in the United States and Canada (2). Patients were further stratified according to the possible access route (trans-femoral or transthoracic) based on imaging studies, particularly computed tomography (CT), and were then randomly assigned (in a ratio of 1:1) to the TAVR group or the traditional surgery group (2). Of the 2,032 patients in the study, 1,550 (76.3%) were eligible for transfemoral access and the remaining 482 (23.7%) were randomized to transthoracic access (1). The average age of the patients was 81.6 years and the average STS score was 5.8%. Also, in this trial as in the previous PARTNERS, women are well represented (45.5% of patients) compared to trials on ischemic heart disease and stents. Coronary revascularization using coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was performed simultaneously in 137 of 944 patients in the surgical group. Coronary revascularization by angioplasty (PCI) was performed in 39 of 994 patients among TAVR candidates.
Disordered eating attitudes and body shape concerns among North Indian Kathak dancers.

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and association between disordered eating attitudes and body shape concerns in a sample of North Indian Kathak dancers. METHOD Participants were 206 Kathak female dancers and 235 healthy controls, ages 18-45 years. Participants completed questionnaires assessing demographics, disordered eating attitudes, and body dissatisfaction. Pearson correlations assessed the association between the disordered eating attitudes and body dissatisfaction, and binary logistic regression identified the risk of having a possible eating disorder. RESULTS Kathak dancers reported significantly greater disordered eating attitudes compared to controls (12.1% vs. 5.9%, p = .023). Dancers endorsed greater dieting behaviors (M = 5.6 vs. 4.5, p = .031), and binge eating episodes (p < .001) relative to their counterparts. Body dissatisfaction was significantly positively correlated with disordered eating attitudes among the dancers (p < .001). Dancers with elevated body shape concerns were five times more likely to report disordered eating attitudes, relative to their peers (p < .001). DISCUSSION Disordered eating attitudes and body shape concerns are prevalent among North Indian Kathak dancers. Future research should aim to develop targeted prevention and intervention programs that focus on reducing these behaviors and promoting a positive body image to mitigate the risk of disordered eating among this group.
Structure‐based derivation and optimization of YAP‐like coactivator‐derived peptides to selectively target TEAD family transcription factors by hydrocarbon stapling and cyclization

Human transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) family consists of four paralogous transcription factors that function to modulate gene expression by interacting with YAP‐like coactivators and have been recognized as potential therapeutic targets of diverse diseases including lung cancer and gastric tumor. Here, we attempt to explore the systematic interaction profile between the 4 TEAD proteins and the peptides derived from the binding sites of 8 known YAP‐like coactivators, in order to analyze the binding affinity and recognition specificity of these peptides toward the TEAD family, and to design hydrocarbon‐stapled/cyclized peptides that can target the specific interaction profile for each coactivator. Structural, energetic, and dynamic investigations of TEAD–coactivator interactions reveal that the coactivators adopt three independent secondary structure regions (β‐strand, α‐helix, and Ω‐loop) to surround on the surface of TEAD proteins, in which the α‐helical and Ω‐loop regions are primarily responsible for the interactions. Five α‐helical peptides and four Ω‐loop peptides are derived from the 8 YAP‐like coactivators, and their systematic binding profile toward the 4 TEAD proteins is created, and hydrocarbon stapling and cyclization strategies are employed to constrain the free α‐helical and Ω‐loop peptides into their native conformations, respectively, thus effectively promoting peptide binding to TEADs. The all‐hydrocarbon and disulfide bridges are designed to point out the TEAD–peptide complex interface, which would not disrupt the direct intermolecular interaction between the TEAD and peptide. Therefore, the stapling and cyclization only improve peptide binding affinity to these TEADs, but do not alter peptide recognition specificity over different TEADs.
Carbonaceous Resin Capsule for Vapor-phase Monitoring of Volatile Monoaromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil

Soil and groundwater contamination by organic substances is a major environmental and health concern, but methods of direct, in situ evaluation of quantities and forms of these contaminants are generally highly limited. The resin capsule system (RCS) has been developed for use in the laboratory or in the field for inorganic chemicals, and its application has been extended to include organic chemicals by incorporation of carbonaceous, hydrophobic adsorbers in the capsules. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of carbonaceous resin capsules for detecting benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) vapors diffusing through a soil column, and to investigate sensitivity to environmental factors that influence vapor phase diffusion. Results show that the RCS can serve as a trap for organic vapors, and that quantities of BTEX accumulated are influenced by soil texture and water content during extended adsorption times. The nature of these effects, as measured by the RCS, was similar to expectations, based on previously reported results from studies involving direct measurements. These results provide evidence that the RCS could be developed to serve as a simple, inexpensive, direct, in situ methodology for monitoring volatile organic chemicals in soils.
A NOVEL 3D SKIN DISEASE MODEL TO ASSESS MACROPHAGE FUNCTION IN DIABETES.

A major challenge in the management of patients suffering from diabetes is the risk of developing non-healing foot ulcers. Most in vitro methods to screen drugs for wound healing therapies rely on conventional 2D cell cultures that do not closely mimic the complexity of the diabetic wound environment. In addition, while 3D skin tissue models of human skin exist, they have not previously been adapted to incorporate patient-derived macrophages to model inflammation from these wounds. Here we present a three-dimensional human skin equivalent model incorporating blood derived monocytes and primary fibroblasts isolated from patients with diabetic foot ulcers. We demonstrate that the monocytes differentiate into macrophages when incorporated into human skin equivalents (HSEs) and secrete a cytokine profile indicative of the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype seen in diabetic foot ulcers. We also show how the interaction between fibroblasts and macrophages in the HSE can guide macrophage polarization. Our findings take us a step closer to creating a human, 3D skin-like tissue model that can be applied to evaluate the response of candidate compounds needed for potential new foot ulcer therapies in a more complex tissue environment that contributes to diabetic wounds.
Genetic divergence studies in maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds

Selection of genetically diverse parents along with their per se yield performance is an important prerequisite to obtain better and desirable recombinants. Keeping this in view, forty seven maize inbred lines were characterized based on ten quantitative traits viz., days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, days to maturity, plant height (cm), ear length (cm), ear height (cm), 100-seed weight (g), kernel rows per ear, number of kernels per row and grain yield per plant (g) using Mahalanobis D2 statistic. D2 analysis distributed the 47 genotypes into seven clusters of which cluster I was the largest with 12 genotypes. The highest intra-cluster distance was observed in the cluster IV (45.59). The maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between the clusters V and VII (436.57) indicating the importance of the genotypes present in these clusters for exploiting heterosis for the desirable traits of these clusters.
The Effect of FAmily-CEntered (FACE®) Pediatric Advanced Care Planning Intervention on Family Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial for Adolescents With HIV and Their Families

Clinicians fear pediatric advance care planning (pACP) for adolescents is too distressing for families. Multisite longitudinal randomized controlled trial of adolescents with HIV tested the effect of FAmily-CEntered (FACE®) pACP intervention on families’ anxiety and depression. One hundred five adolescent/family dyads were randomized to FACE® (n = 54 dyads) or control (n = 51 dyads). Families were 90% African American, 37% HIV-positive, and 22% less than high school educated. Families reported lower anxiety 3 months post-FACE® intervention than control (β = −4.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [−8.20, −1.23], p = .008). Male family members were less anxious than female family members (β = −4.55, 95% CI = [−6.96, −2.138], p ≤ .001). Family members living with HIV reported greater depressive symptoms than HIV-uninfected families (β = 3.32, 95% CI = [0.254, 6.38], p = .034). Clinicians can be assured this structured, facilitated FACE® pACP model minimized family anxiety without increasing depressive symptoms. Adolescent/family dyads should be invited to have access to, and provision of, evidence-based pACP as part of patient-centered/family-supported care in the HIV continuum of care.
Socio-economic Variables Associated with Motivational Barriers of Food Choice among Lactating Women from Central Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study

ABSTRACT Understanding the drivers of food choice is essential to guide the nutrition interventions and tailor nutrition counseling messages. There is strong evidence from a published study, which demonstrate attention for the need to consider the wide range of drivers during food choice. Due to the large variety of food products on the market, consumers make a multitude of food choice daily. The study aimed to assess major motivational drivers of food choice among randomly selected lactating women aged 15–49 years (423) from Debrebirhan Town using face to face interview. Logistic regression analysis was used to find association b/socio-economic variables and motivational drivers of food choice using SPSS version 20. Candidate variables were selected and transferred using the P- a value of less than 0.25, and AOR was reported. Variables with a P-value less than 0.05 on multiple variable logistic regressions were taken as significant variables. Influences of religion, price, preparation convenience, health value and taste during food choice were responded by above half of women. From logistic regression, 15–25 years’ age and self-employed were linked to religious influence in food choice with AOR (95%CI) of 0.09(0.01–0.48) and 4.13(1.4–12.24). Age (15–25 and 26–35 years), education (no, primary and secondary) and being housewife were associated to choosing of foods for their health value with AOR (95%CI) of 0.26(0.12–0.6), 0.37(0.18–0.76), 0.14(0.04–0.42), 0.25(0.13–0.54), 0.33(0.17–0.66) and 2.5(1.23–5). Only family size (2–4 vs.>4 persons) was associated with price concern in food choice with AOR (95%CI) of 0.39(0.21–0.71). Being divorced, husband headed, 7–12 and13-18 month lactation period, 15–25 and 26–35 years’ age were related to preparation convenience of foods with AOR (95%CI) of 5.94(1.13–31.33), 0.42(0.18–0.96), 3.26(1.34–7.93), 4.4(1.81–10.72), 0.16(0.05–0.47) and 0.25(0.11–0.59). Self-management approaches by nutrition education and promotion to change eating behaviors of women, increasing supply and price regulation toward healthy foods are recommended.
Mutual influences between numerical and non-numerical quantities in comparison tasks

Humans possess a numerical intuition that allows them to manipulate large non-symbolic quantities. This ability has been broadly assessed with the help of number comparison tasks involving simultaneously displayed arrays. Many authors pointed out that the manipulation (or the lack thereof) of non-numerical features deeply impacts performance in these tasks, but the specific nature of this influence is not clear. This study investigates the interaction between numerical and non-numerical quantity judgement tasks. Adult participants performed five distinct comparison tasks, each based on a target dimension: numerosity, total area, dot size, convex hull, and mean occupancy. We manipulated the relation between the target and the other dimensions to measure their respective influence on task performance. Results showed that total area and convex hull substantially affected numerosity comparisons. The number of dots conversely acted as an informative dimension when participants had to make a decision based on the total area or the convex hull. Our results illustrate that adults flexibly use non-target dimensions as visual cues to perform comparison judgements. Overall, this suggests that the influence found in numerical comparison tasks is explicit and deliberate rather than due to implicit visual integration processes.
Selected Features for Classification of 12-lead ECGs

In this paper we describe our algorithm develop by the Alba_W. O. team at The PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2020. Our approach achieved a challenge validation score of 0.308 and a full test score of 0.102, placing us 31 out of 40 in the official ranking. Our final algorithm is based on bootstrap-aggregated (bagged) decision trees. For the classification task, we provide a set of features extracted from 12-lead ECG, in detail describe later. We use the method implemented in PhysioNet-Cardiovascular-Signal-Toolbox: Global Electrical Heterogeneity, arterial fibrillation features, and PVC detection. We also estimate ECG periods (PR, QS, QR, PT, TP) and morphology parameters (ST elevation, QRS area, ECG value at R points). We also examine the importance of each predictor individually, for the classification task, using a t-test. All groups of used parameters, without sex shown utility in some class classification cases.
Effects of oxygen on embryonic stem proliferation, energetics, and differentiation into cardiomyocytes

Most embryonic stem (ES) cell research has been performed using a gas-phase oxygen partial pressure (PO2gas) of 142 mmHg, whereas embryonic cells in early development are exposed to cellular PO2 (PO2ceil) values of about 0-30 mmHg. Murine ES (mES) cells were used as a model system to study the effects of oxygen on ES cell proliferation, phenotype maintenance, cellular energetics, and differentiation into cardiomyocytes. It was found that undifferentiated mES cells are capable of surviving and proliferating at PO2 conditions in the range of 0-285 mmHg, with only moderately decreased growth at the extremes in pO2 over this range. Oxygen levels had no effect on the maintenance of the undifferentiated phenotype during culture with the differentiation-suppressing cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in the culture medium, and low oxygen had, at most, a small differentiating-promoting effect during culture without LIF. Aerobic metabolism was used to generate approximately 60% of the energy required by undifferentiated mES cells at high pO2, but substantially smaller fractions when cells were oxygen starved. This shift from aerobic to anaerobic respiration occurred within 48 hr with minimal cell death. Oxygen was found to substantially affect the differentiation of mES cells into cardiomyocytes. Reduced PO2cell conditions strongly promoted cardiomyocyte development during the first 6 days of differentiation, after which oxygen primarily influenced cell proliferation. Using silicone rubber membrane-based dishes to improve oxygenation and an optimized cardiomyocyte differentiation protocol, it was possible to reproducibly obtain 60 cardiomyocytes per input ES cells and a cell population that was 30% cardiomyocytes following 11 days of differentiation. These results, obtained using a PO2gas of 7 mmHg during the first 6 days of differentiation, represent a 3-fold increase relative to those obtained with a PO2gas of 142 mmHg throughout differentiation. This work has shown that undifferentiated ES cells are able to adapt to their environmental pO2 and are relatively insensitive to its variations, whereas during differentiation oxygen affects cell fate decisions. Oxygen control can be used to improve directed ES cell differentiation into cardiomyocytes and oxygen may play a more important role in early embryonic development than heretofore appreciated. Thesis Supervisor: Clark K. Colton Title: Professor of Chemical Engineering
Self‐Diffusion in Liquid Water to −31°C

The self‐diffusion coefficient of water is reported to −31°C, where the activation energy reaches 11 kcal/mole compared with 4.5 kcal/mole at 25°C. The similarity of the temperature dependence of the fraction of broken hydrogen bonds, as inferred from Raman and infrared data, and the diffusion coefficient over the entire liquid range forms the basis of empirical support of the dominant role of hydrogen bonding in the fundamental diffusion mechanism.
An efficient method for the calculation of chemical equilibrium composition in multicomponent gas mixtures

The determination of the composition of multicomponent mixtures is the basis by which a number of technical and physical problems in the field of power and process engineering are modelled. In order to calculate chemical states of equilibrium in the gas phase, a calculation method will be presented which is founded on a minimization of the Gibbs enthalpy. This method is characterized by a high reliability in convergency, considerable independence of starting vectors and by a moderate requirement for programming. These characteristics are achieved by a transformation of variables which results in numerically more favourable solutions to the non-linear equation system. Calculated equilibrium compositions (including dissociation and ionisation) for a stochiometric mixture of hydrogen and oxygen in a temperature range of 300-12000 K and a pressure of 10 5 Pa as well as the application of the method will be demonstrated
CATEGORIZATION OF THAI FISH SAUCE BASED ON AROMA CHARACTERISTICS

Sensory descriptive analysis was performed on 52 Thai fish sauce samples by 15 trained panelists, with an intention to explore the aroma profiles and to correlate with their total nitrogen (TN) contents, which is conventionally used as a general standard for commercial product grading. Thai fish sauce aroma characteristics could be exemplified through eight descriptive attributes. Sweet, meaty and cheesy odors presented overall characteristics of Thai fish sauce, while salty and anchovy-like odors were noticeably perceived due to their high intensity in fish sauce. Aroma intensity of three attributes including sour, shrimp paste-like and fishy odors could categorize Thai fish sauce samples into two groups, i.e., high-TN and low-TN groups. This categorization was also observed when rating scores of the intensity of these eight odor attributes were applied on principal component analysis (PCA). Moreover, total volatile basic-nitrogen and pH of the samples were applied on PCA to better explain the contribution of aroma attributes to fish sauce products. Practical Applications Thailand is a major producer of fish sauce; hence, varieties of product qualities are available in the market. Generally, the products are graded in accordance to its total nitrogen (TN) content. However, manufacturers could distinguish the product quality based on its aroma profile. On the other hand, prices of products are based on TN and their characteristic aroma that consumers can perceive. The finding in this study would be applicable to fish sauce quality standardization based on aroma profiles that are correlated to conventional TN grading, as well as conservation of product authenticity.