Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On some theoretical problems of laser wake-field accelerators

Enhancement of the quality of laser wake-field accelerated (LWFA) electron beams implies the improvement and controllability of the properties of the wake waves generated by ultra-short pulse lasers in underdense plasmas. In this work we present a compendium of useful formulas giving relations between the laser and plasma target parameters allowing one to obtain basic dependences, e.g. the energy scaling of the electrons accelerated by the wake field excited in inhomogeneous media including multi-stage LWFA accelerators. Consideration of the effects of using the chirped laser pulse driver allows us to find the regimes where the chirp enhances the wake field amplitude. We present an analysis of the three-dimensional effects on the electron beam loading and on the unlimited LWFA acceleration in inhomogeneous plasmas. Using the conditions of electron trapping to the wake-field acceleration phase we analyse the multi-equal stage and multiuneven stage LWFA configurations. In the first configuration the energy of fast electrons is a linear function of the number of stages, and in the second case, the accelerated electron energy grows exponentially with the number of stages. The results of the two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations presented here show the high quality electron acceleration in the triple stage injection–acceleration configuration.
Love for Luxury, Preference for Counterfeits –A Qualitative Study in Counterfeit Luxury Consumption in China

The aim of this study is to deepen the understanding of luxury counterfeit consumption by using the theories of luxury. This study is an interpretative qualitative research in which the social and personal meanings of luxury counterfeit consumption are explored. Both luxury and counterfeit provide a successful meaning transference. A good counterfeit can be regarded as the substitute good of luxury, which provides social meanings (conformity/status seeking/face saving), whereas it may also operate on a personal level (brand experience/fashion/adventure). The process of purchasing and consumption is fun and enjoyable due to the illegal nature of counterfeit. The research aspires to shed light on the essence of counterfeit in a brand perspective.
Methods and resources for computing semantic relatedness

Semantic relatedness (SR) is defined as a measurement that quantitatively identifies some form of lexical or functional association between two words or concepts based on the contextual or semantic similarity of those two words regardless of their syntactical differences. Section 1 of the entry outlines the working definition of SR and its applications and challenges. Section 2 identifies the knowledge resources that are popular among SR methods. Section 3 reviews the primary measurements used to calculate SR. Section 4 reviews the evaluation methodology which includes gold standard dataset and methods. Finally, Sec. 5 introduces further reading. In order to develop appropriate SR methods, there are three key aspects that need to be examined: (1) the knowledge resources that are used as the source for extracting SR; (2) the methods that are used to quantify SR based on the adopted knowledge resource; and (3) the datasets and methods that are used for evaluating SR techniques. The first aspect involves the selection of knowledge bases such as WordNet or Wikipedia. Each knowledge base has its merits and downsides which can directly affect the accuracy and the coverage of the SR method. The second aspect relies on different methods for utilizing the beforehand selected knowledge resources, for example, methods that depend on the path between two words, or a vector representation of the word. As for the third aspect, the evaluation for SR methods consists of two aspects, namely (1) the datasets that are used and (2) the various performance measurement methods. SR measures are increasingly applied in information retrieval to provide semantics between query and documents to reveal relatedness between non-syntactically-related content. Researchers have already applied many different information and knowledge sources in order to compute SR between two words. Empirical research has already shown that results of many of these SR techniques have reasonable correlation with human subjects interpretation of relatedness between two words.
Examining the Use of Lesson Analysis to Improve Teacher Candidates Knowledge of Teaching

Bu calismanin amaclarindan biri Okul Deneyimi dersindeki ders analizi etkinliklerinin ogretmen adaylarinin ogretme bilgilerinin gelisimini nasil destekledigini incelemektir. Calismanin ikinci amaci ise ders analizi iceren uygulamalarin ogretmen adaylarinin ogretme pratiklerine nasil yansidigini ortaya cikarmaktir. Nitel arastirma desenini yansitan bu arastirma ortaokul matematik ogretmeni adaylari ile yurutulmustur. Veri toplama araclari, adaylarin ders analizi ve donem sonu degerlendirme raporlari; adaylarin ogretme pratiklerinin video kayitlari, gozlem, alan notlari ve adaylarla yapilan mulakatlardir. Veriler icerik analizi yoluyla analiz edilmistir. Calisma sonucunda ders analizi aktivitelerinin matematik ogretiminde bir dersin ogrenci acisindan dusunulmesi gerektigi bilinci olusturulmasini destekledigi gorulmustur. Bunun yani sira, ogrencilerin hangi durumlarda kolaylikla anladiklarini veya zorlandiklarini ve ogretim sirasinda dikkat edilmesi gerekenleri ogretmen adaylarinin fark etmeye basladiklari belirlenmistir. Ogretmen egitimi surecinde Okul Deneyimi dersinin daha etkili bir sekilde yurutulmesine dair onerilerde bulunulmustur.
Rate of decline of ROM following the cessation of a stretching program

Study Design: Single-group repeated measures Objectives: To determine the rate at which range of motion (ROM) declines will occur at the hip joint with the cessation of hamstring muscle stretching. Background: Past studies have shown that stretching results in an increase in ROM about a joint. Similarly, when stretching exercises are ceased, decreases in ROM are the result. However, it has not been determined in the literature at what rate these declines occur. Methods and Measures: Analyzed the effects of four weeks of static hamstring stretching and four weeks of cessation of flexibility exercises on hip ROM with the knee extended. Seven subjects, each contributing two lower extremities (14 measurements) participated in a stretching protocol. Subjects stretched both lower extremities, twice a day. Each session consisted of two 30-second stretches. Hip flexion ROM was measured before the stretching protocol and once a week during for eight weeks. There were nine measurements in total. Results: Mean hip ROM increased 20.93 degrees from the pre-measurement to week four (stretching period). During the cessation period (week four to week eight) ROM decreased by 8.71 degrees. 7.14 degrees were lost between the first two weeks of the cessation phase (weeks four and six) and 1.57 degrees was lost during the final two weeks of this period (weeks six to eight) Conclusion: When ceasing a stretching protocol, the greatest declines in ROM will occur in the first two weeks following the flexibility program.
The interaction of prosody and phonotac­tics: resyllabification in three varieties of German

Resyllabification is a syllable optimizing process, in which a coda consonant is assigned to the following syllable if the phonotactics of the language allows such reassignment. Since the process optimizes the structural wellformedness of the syllable, it is mostly observed in quantifying languages. The Middle Bavarian varieties of German feature some quantifying aspects as well. It was therefore tested whether, with respect to the word-final fricative /s/, resyllabification can be found in the Viennese dialect (VD) and in Standard Austrian German (SAG). The results were compared with results on Standard German German (SGG), a language in which resyllabification is blocked by glottal stop insertion or glottalization in the onset. Results indicate that stress plays a crucial role: before a stressed word starting with a vowel, resyllabification is blocked by glottalization in all varieties, whereas before an unstressed word, absolute and relative durations rendered contradictory results. The results on absolute durations show a tendency towards resyllabification, whereas relative durations render significant differences between word-final /s/ in a context of resyllabification and word-initial /s/.
Stimulation of the primary motor cortex enhances creativity and technical fluency of piano improvisations

Musical improvisation is an ecologically valid and contextually appropriate medium to investigate the neuroscience of creativity. Previous research has identified several brain regions that are involved in musical creativity: the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC), the presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA), and the ventral and dorsal premotor cortex (vPMC and dPMC, respectively). These brain regions underpin high-level processing and motor functions. The present study asked whether the primary motor cortex (M1 region) plays a role in creativity and technical fluency. The M1 region underpins the acquisition and consolidation of novel motor skills and hand movement. Here, we used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to investigate the overarching research question. tDCS is a non-invasive mode of brain stimulation that is delivered via two saline-soaked electrodes diametric in charge: the anodal electrode stimulates neural activation; the cathodal electrodes inhibits neural activation. A bi-hemispheric, online tDCS montage was used in this study. Eight proficient pianists were recruited and separated into two tDCS groups: Anodal-Left M1/Cathodal-Right M1 (n = 4) and Cathodal-Left M1/Anodal-Right M1 (n = 4). tDCS was administered whilst participants performed musical improvisations. The level of creativity and technical fluency was judged independently by an expert musician adjudicator. We hypothesised that the Anodal-Left M1/Cathodal-Right M1 (excitatory) tDCS group will demonstrate an enhancement of creativity and technical fluency compared to the Cathodal-Left M1/Anodal-Right M1 (inhibitory) tDCS group. The preliminary results show that during musical improvisation, creativity (p = .07) and technical fluency (p = .05) increased when excitatory tDCS was applied to the left M1 region of proficient pianists. Furthermore, there was no apparent decrease in creativity and technical fluency for the inhibitory tDCS group. In light of these preliminary findings, we conclude that there is some evidence that the M1 region does contribute to musical creativity. Future work with a larger sample size will shed further light on this
SINGING VOICE SEPARATION USING ADAPTIVE WINDOW HARMONIC SINUSOIDAL MODELING

This abstract describes our submission to the MIREX 2014 Singing Voice Separation task. Our system uses a support vector machine (SVM) classifier based singing voice detection block to first label vocal and instrumental in the polyphonic audio. This is followed by a predominant pitch detection algorithm in the vocal regions. The detected vocal pitch is used in the high-resolution harmonic sinusoidal modeling of the audio to isolate the frequency-time tracks corresponding to the singer’s vocal harmonics. The singing voice is reconstructed from the estimated sinusoidal model parameters. The synthesized voice is then subtracted from the original polyphonic audio to obtain the separated instrumental track.
Salmonella : Isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility tests on isolates collected from poultry farms in and around Modjo , Central Oromia , and Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study was conducted during period of February, 2015 to May, 2015 with the objective of Salmonella isolation from poultry farms in and around Modjo town and to determine antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the isolates. Accordingly, at total of 205 samples in which 100 cloacal swabs, 75 fresh feces, 10 litter samples, 8 chicken feed samples, 8 poultry drinking water and 4 chicken handlers’ hand swab samples were collected.31(15.12%) isolates were detected from 205 collected samples. The studied poultry farms had different prevalence rates but not statistically significant. The lowest prevalence was 5(10.64%) whereas the highest was 10 (20.00%). These isolates 11(11.00%), 14(18.67%), 4 (40.00%) and 2 (25.00%) were recovered from cloacal swabs, fresh feces, litter and poultry drinking water samples respectively. Of the 31 isolates, 21 (67.74%) were motile (contributes to zoonoses) while 10(32.26%) were non-motile. Thirty of 31 isolates were resistant to one or more of antibiotics. Of 30, 19 were multidrug resistant while 11 isolates were only resistant to tetracycline. One isolate was resistant to tetracycline and Kanamycin. Furthermore, 2, 5, 4, and 7 isolates were tetra-, penta-, hexa-, and heptaresistant, respectively. All the 31 isolates were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin and Gentamycin. 18 (94.73%) of multi-drug resistant (MDR) isolates were found resistant to five to seven different antimicrobials. According to this finding, Salmonella was isolated from different sample type, poultry growth stage, and breeds indicating its wider distribution. The detection of multi drug resistant 61.29% (19/31) isolates and 67.74% with likely of zoonotic potential indicated the salmonellosis could be an emerging poultry and public health problem. Therefore, further research is needed on major risk factors and molecular characterization for serotyping and genomic studies to have an idea about genes responsible for pathogenecity and drug resistance of the isolates of Salmonella.
Balanced supersaturation for some degenerate hypergraphs

A classical theorem of Simonovits from the 1980s asserts that every graph G satisfying e ( G ) ≫ v ( G ) 1 + 1 ∕ k must contain ≳ e ( G ) v ( G ) 2 k copies of C 2 k . Recently, Morris and Saxton established a balanced version of Simonovits' theorem, showing that such G has ≳ e ( G ) v ( G ) 2 k copies of C 2 k , which are “uniformly distributed” over the edges of G . Moreover, they used this result to obtain a sharp bound on the number of C 2 k ‐free graphs via the method of hypergraph containers. In this article, we generalise Morris–Saxton's results for even cycles to Θ ‐graphs. We also prove analogous results for complete r ‐partite r ‐graphs.
TCP-aware Resource Allocation in Wireless Networks via Utility Maximisation

Motivated by the fact that a plethora of different applications, ranging from streaming video to file transferring, are using TCP we propose a set of utility functions that capture these application and optimise the transmission of TCP over wireless via a utility maximisation framework. We show that defining such a set of utility functions in the design of the wireless resource allocation problem can significantly benefit the overall efficiency metrics such as the end-to-end throughput and fairness among end-to-end flows . We quantify the achieved gains via numerical investigations by detailing a resource allocation problem based on the proposed framework.
Simulation of trust-based attacks in Internet of Things

Security issue in Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most important aspects to be resolved. Some attacks that occurred in Internet technology are also penetrated IoT. A trust-based security system is a promising solution in IoT as it is suitable for the characteristic of IoT which is distributed, decentralized control and on-off connections. Knowing the behaviors of the attacks might help up to understand of how we may prevent the attacks and plan to mitigate the attacks. In this paper, we simulated trust-based attacks in IoT environment by giving the fake reputation values of an object. For this purpose, we utilized ConTrust model, a trust-based security model. Matlab was used to simulate the attacks, and the simulation result showed that ConTrust model was outperformed on mitigating a trust-based attack. The attack was detected and resolved correctly.
A-CAM: a 135-kD receptor of intercellular adherens junctions. II. Antibody-mediated modulation of junction formation

Intercellular adherens junctions between cultured lens epithelial cells are highly Ca2+-dependent and are readily dissociated upon chelation of extracellular Ca2+ ions. Addition of Ca2+ to EGTA-treated cells results in the recovery of cell-cell junctions including the reorganization of adherens junction-specific cell adhesion molecule (A-CAM), vinculin, and actin (Volk, T., and B. Geiger, 1986, J. Cell Biol., 103:000-000). Incubation of cells during the recovery phase with Fab' fragments of anti-A-CAM specifically inhibited the re-formation of cell-cell adherens junctions. This inhibition was accompanied by remarkable changes in microfilament organization manifested by an apparent deterioration of stress fibers and the appearance of fragmented actin bundles throughout the cytoplasm. Incubation of EGTA-dissociated cells with intact divalent anti-A-CAM antibodies in normal medium had no apparent inhibitory effect on junction formation and did not affect the assembly of actin microfilament bundles. Moreover, adherens junctions formed in the presence of the divalent antibodies became essentially Ca2+-independent, suggesting that cell-cell adhesion between them was primarily mediated by the antibodies. These studies suggest that A-CAM participates in intercellular adhesion in adherens-type junctions and point to its involvement in microfilament bundle assembly.
Temporally unpredictable supplementary feeding may benefit endangered scavengers

The monitoring of an experimental feeding station established in northern Spain allowed the evaluation of how this type of resource, predictable in space but not in time, was exploited by a guild of avian scavengers in relation to factors such as season, hour of disposal and presence of the dominant species. The presence of Egyptian Vultures Neophron percnopterus at carcasses was more likely during spring, and richness and diversity of avian scavengers was lower during the summer and when Griffon Vultures Gyps fulvus arrived earlier. The temporal unpredictability of the resource may favour exploitation by smaller and less competitive scavengers. New European regulations may present an opportunity to develop effective conservation measures to support functional scavenger assemblages.
Coopetition, Resource-Based View and Legend: Cases of Christmas Tourism and City of Rovaniemi

Coopetition is a promising and challenging perspective to understand cooperation between competing individuals, firms, organizations and networks. In the literature, coopetition phenomenon has been connected with strategic alliances, territorial development work, resource-based view and several forms and branches of business, marketing and tourism among others. We consider these perspectives and introduce their practical connections using one specific forms of leisure tourism, namely Christmas tourism. This study contributes, in addition to revealing these connections with coopetition, also emphasizing the joint importance of territorial brand, tourism and international legend and events in the context of coopetition. This case study research shows the power and applicability of coopetition perspective in business studies.
Dental implants characteristics, stability and designs

One of the recent advances in the field of dentistry is to provide prothesis that can replace lost natural teeth. Over several decades, researches were endeavouring to create dental implants with optimized criteria that allow long-term function and stability. After notable success, the use of dental implant has become an almost daily routine in dental practice. However, many factors can influence the success of dental implantation procedures. Primary implant stability remains the most reliable predictor of dental implants success, and many factors are known to have a considerable impact on the implant stability such as the thread morphology, the implant size and length, the implant body shape, the surgical technique use, and the underlying bone heath. Knowledge of these factors is essential for optimizing the outcome of dental implantation procedures even in unfavourable conditions. Therefore, this article aims at reviewing and discussing the various dental implants designs, characteristics, and stability.
Overweight children : can parent education put a halt on this epidemic?

Objective: To examine incidence, contributing factors, comorbidities of overweight children, and to determine if parent education and family-based treatment is an effective means to address this national epidemic. Method: MEDLINE was used when collecting both background information and finding original research articles. The following terms were used to search for research articles in MEDLINE: overweight, childhood, parent, family, intervention, prevalence, comorbitities, causes, feeding, metabolic syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, asthma, cardiac, diabetes, psychosocial, education, and attitudes. Articles that explained causes, comorbidities, and directly helped to answer the research question were included. Those articles that were dated or were not relevant were excluded. Original research articles were preferred. Government sites that provide the most recent statistics as well as national nutritional recommendations were also used in the paper. Results: Studies suggest that family-based treatment and parent education is a necessity in the treatment of overweight children. Conclusion: Family-based treatment as a means to address overweight children is an excellent and promising option. Children cannot make difficult lifestyle changes without the support of their parents. Healthcare providers need to aid parents in understanding appropriate weight status and providing parents with the resources necessary to make a change.
Patterns of Young Children's Motivation for Science and Teacher-Child Relationships

In this article, the authors examined whether there were different motivational profiles within a sample of kindergarteners (N = 110) learning science. The authors identified 3 profiles involving children's perceived competence in, liking, and ease of learning science by using cluster analysis. High motivational beliefs characterized the largest profile. Low competence but high liking characterized a smaller group, and another group reported low liking with moderate competence. These profiles did not differ by gender, race, early academic achievement, or classroom. However, children with the low-competence and high-liking profile reported less teacher support for learning than did children with high motivational beliefs. Exploratory analysis also indicated that the nature and frequency of observed teacher-child interactions differed by motivational profile.