Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Market Recognition of the Cash Component of Earnings

This paper examines whether the normal and abnormal cash component of earnings are rationally priced through the capital market, and if not, which cash component of earnings is more irrationally priced. I find that the market underestimates the persistence of the cash component of earnings and more importantly, the underpricing of the cash component of earnings mainly stems from the normal portion of cash component. In addition, I investigate whether the market perceives managers’ opportunistic cash flow manipulation, and the result indicates that the market still fails to recognize managed cash flows.
Assessing the effect of toe clipping on the yellow bellied toads

In this paper we analyze/investigate the effect of toe clipping on Bombina variegata, by comparing the body conditions of marked and unmarked individuals. We marked 395 adult B. variegata in 2003 and 413 in 2004. In 2005 we measured the SVL and wet body weight of 27 recaptured individuals and compared this with unmarked individuals from the population. We found no significant effect of toe clipping on the body condition. These results, together with examination of the health of recaptured toads and behavioural data indicates that toe clipping has no negative effect. Nevertheless, caution is needed in using the toe clipping method because the recently discovered and spreading chytrid fungus that could infect the marked amphibians and cause chytridiomicosis.
Properties of dust source material and volcanic ash in Iceland

The volcanic origin, primarily basaltic, of most of the surface material in Iceland influences its physical properties and appearance. Size distributions, shape analyses and melting experiments were made for surface material collected in high‐erosion dust source areas and fresh volcanic ash deposits to determine whether they differ from one another and from dust from other major dust sources. The major differences found between Icelandic dust and dust from other major dust sources in the world, such as the Sahara, are in the particle shapes, lower density and darker colour. Icelandic dust particles greater than 20 μm retain volcanic morphological properties that are also found in fresh volcanic ash. Dust and fresh volcanic ash particles less than 20 μm are crystalline and blocky in nature, similar to the dust from other global source regions. The finer grained (<20 μm) Icelandic particles will have similar suspension and transport behaviours and be similarly hazardous to health and infrastructure as non‐Icelandic dust. The coarser particles (>20 μm) will have different suspension and transport behaviours than other dusts due to the volcanic morphology. Icelandic surface material has between 5% and 30% glassy particles compared to fresh volcanic ash which has more than 50% glassy particles. Glassy particles were observed to melt at a lower temperature than the mineral grains; and, as a result, volcanic ash is found to be more threatening to aircraft engines than the typical dust from Iceland. Icelandic dust was observed to be blocky, or plate‐like in the respirable size fraction, suggesting similar health hazards as dust from other regions.
A method to study slug predation on seedlings in the field

Dandelion is a common Asteraceae species that populates disturbed sites and gaps within swards where it becomes an important competitor of grasses. The natural control against dandelion includes seedling predation, with slugs, particularly Arion lusitanicus, being the most important in the Czech Republic. However, the study of slug seedling consumption is difficult because naturally established seedlings are not always available. Therefore, we developed a method of exposing laboratory-grown seedlings as bait for slug predation. Dandelion seeds were sown in plastic cups containing a bottom layer of moist substrate. The emerged seedlings were thinned to 20 and displayed in an open area. During 2008–2010, the seedling baits were placed at 15 sites at 1 month intervals throughout the dandelion vegetative season, in parallel with plasticine baits that monitored slug feeding activity. For each 1 month interval, seedling survival was observed for a period of 8 days, and the estimated time to death was calculated; the percentage of surviving seedlings was then recorded. This method of seedling presentation demonstrated that local and temporal variation in seedling survival is correlated with slug feeding activity. The advantage of this technique is that the seedlings in baits may be presented at any place and time, as required by the experimental design; however, we found that the estimated time to seedling death was shorter for the exposed baits than for the naturally established seedlings. The method is suitable for the study of plant species other than dandelion, and also for aims other than the study of spatiotemporal trends in seedling consumption by slugs.
Surgical reconstruction of primary genital lymphedema-long term therapeutic efficacy.

Background Primary genital lymphedema is caused by congenital lymphatic dysplasia, which is often accompanied by lymphedema of the lower extremities. A lack of effective diagnostics and treatments are available in clinical practice. The purpose of this study is to present the experience of surgical treatment of genital lymphedema and follow-up magnetic resonance lymphangiography (MRL) examinations. Methods The clinical records of 40 patients diagnosed with primary genital lymphedema between 2010 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The surgical management of all patients consisted of complete excision of the edematous subcutaneous tissue and plastic reconstruction of the penis or scrotum. This involved excision of the affected tissue while retaining the scrotal septum, preserving the subcutaneous lymphatic tissue flap, turnover of the perididymis, and primary closure. All patients were examined by MRL to assess the extent of lymphedema pre- and postoperatively. The cosmetic results, recovery of sexual function, patient satisfaction, and complications are discussed. Results A total of 40 patients underwent surgical treatment. Scrotal hematoma (2.5%) and poor wound healing (5%) were encountered postoperatively. During follow-up period, no recurrence of edema occurred. The appearance of the scrotum and penis, as well as the sexual function was improved. MRL confirmed tissue edema and lymphatic malformation in the enlarged penis and scrotum preoperatively. In follow-up MRL, new formation or reopen of lymphatic drainage can be detect in 25 (62.5%) patients. All patients showed decreased area of dermal backflow. Conclusions Surgical treatment is necessary for genital lymphedema when swelling develops. The use of a retained scrotal septum and subcutaneous lymphatic tissue flaps can achieve improved morphology and function. MRL is a safe and accurate diagnostic imaging method for pre- and postoperative evaluation of lymphedema in patients undergoing lymphatic surgery.
The effect of temperature on the duration of the effective pollination period in ‘Oblica’ olive (Olea europaea) cultivar

The effective pollination period (EPP) was determined for ‘Oblica’ olive trees in response to sequential pollinations at anthesis and at increasing days after. The role played by each of three components of the EPP, namely the stigmatic receptivity, pollen tube growth, and ovule longevity was examined and the duration of the EPP under different environmental conditions was calculated. An increase in temperature in the field was caused by enclosing bearing trees within a polyethylene cages. The duration of the EPP varied between years and environmental conditions. Initial fruit set declined gradually in response to sequential cross-pollination. The significant decrease with respect to the maximum levels of initial fruit set occurred 5 d after anthesis (DAA) in 2007 and between 4 and 5 DAA in 2010 at both environmental conditions. However, the fruit set decrease with sequential pollinations was sharper for the trees inside the cages than for trees growing at the open air, suggesting that high temperatures induce earlier and more pronounced decrease in flower fertility. The stigma receptivity was quite extended decreasing slowly with time. In 2010, the stigma receptivity was prolonged beyond sampling date (7 DAA) in both environmental conditions. Stigmas first lost the capacity to support pollen germination and later their capacity to adhere pollen grains. Pollen tube growth occurred rapidly and fertilization took place one or two days after pollination. Cross-pollination resulted with higher fertilization levels whereas fertilization was reduced and delayed under self-pollination. Enclosing the trees within the cages had small effect on cross-pollination but impaired the self-pollination which resulted with reduced levels of fertilization. The ovule longevity was prolonged beyond the end of sampling in both years and conditions (beyond 9 DAA in 2009 or 7 DAA in 2010). Discrepancy between the estimates of the duration of the EPP based on analyses of its components and those indicated by the declines in fruit set from delayed pollination suggests that a different component of the pistil, the style, could have the critical role in determining the duration of the EPP.
MORFOLOGÍA DEL FRUTO EN ESPECIES DE VALERIANA (VALERIANACEAE) DE LOS ANDES AUSTRALES

Se describen, ilustran y comparan los aquenios de 37 especies de Valeriana de los Andes australes, a traves de microscopia electronica de barrido (MEB) y estereomicroscopia. Se muestra que el analisis detallado de los aquenios provee excelentes caracteres taxonomicos (forma del fruto, grado de desarrollo de los loculos esteriles y superficie del fruto) que permiten separar los taxones de Argentina y Chile austral. Los resultados son contrastados con la sistematica del genero. Se definen cuatro grupos informales, y se presenta una clave para identificar las especies andinas de Valeriana basada en la morfologia de los frutos.
First Principles Calculation Study of Zn1-xMgxO/Cu2ZnSnS4 Heterointerface

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) has attracted a lot of attention recently as a promising absorber layer material in a heterojunction solar cell. In this work, the Zn1-xMgxO material is substituted for CdS due to its abundant and nontoxic consisting elements. We have studied the band gaps of Zn1-xMgxO alloys with different values of x and the band offsets at Zn0.75Mg0. 25O/CZTS heterointerface based on the first-principles and pseudopotential calculation method. The band gaps enhance linearly with the increasing values of x. The total density of state and local density of state of each atom in Zn0.75Mg0. 25O/CZTS supercell are calculated. We predict that the heterojunction of Zn0.75Mg0. 25O/CZTS is a type II heterointerface with a 0.2eV of conduction band offset, during which the conduction band minimum of Zn0.75Mg0. 25O is lower than that of CZTS.
Widespread mangrove damage resulting from the 2017 Atlantic mega hurricane season

Comprised of 17 named tropical storms, 6 of which were major hurricanes, the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season ranked as one of the most damaging and costly hurricane seasons on record. In addition to socio-economic impacts, many previous studies have shown that important coastal ecosystems like mangroves are shaped by severe storms. However, little is known about how the cumulative effects of storms over entire hurricane seasons affect mangroves across large regions. We used satellite imagery from the entire Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico region to show that 2017 resulted in disproportionate mangrove damage compared to baseline responses over the previous 8 years. Specifically, we observed 30 times more mangrove damage, via a reduction in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), during 2017 compared to any of the eight previous hurricane seasons, and most (72%) of this damage persisted throughout the 7 month post-hurricane season period as indicated by no NDVI recovery. Furthermore, wind speed, rainfall, and canopy height data showed that mangrove damage primarily resulted from high maximum wind speeds, but flooding (cumulative rainfall), previous storm history, and mangrove structure (canopy height) were also important predictors of damage. While mangroves are known to be resilient to hurricane impacts, our results suggest that increasingly frequent mega-hurricane seasons in the Caribbean region will dramatically alter mangrove disturbance dynamics.
Evaluating the Effects of Electric and Magnetic Loading on the Performance of Single- and Double-Rotor Axial-Flux PM Machines

Axial-flux permanent-magnet machines are used particularly in applications requiring a compact structure. Their disc-shaped topology and axial airgap have led to a variety of configurations including two popular ones: the yokeless and segmented armature (YASA), and the single-stator single-rotor or single-sided machine. In this study, a comprehensive comparative analysis of these configurations is conducted at different magnetic and electric loadings. It is found that at lower loadings, typically employed for air-cooled machines, the torque/ampere characteristics of the YASA machine are almost identical to those of a single-sided machine constructed with half the magnet volume. On the other hand, the single-sided machine outperforms the YASA machine when the magnet volumes in both machines are maintained equal. However, for higher electric loadings, the torque/ampere characteristics of the YASA machine droop significantly less than those of the single-sided machine. This article includes analytical estimations, which are verified with experimentally validated finite element analysis (FEA) simulations. In addition, the impacts of the armature reaction on saturation and the magnetic flux linkage, the magnet losses, and eddy current losses in both machines are also explored.
Seismic Wave‐Based Constraints on Geodynamical Processes: An Application to Partial Melting Beneath the Réunion Island

The inversion of seismic observations leads to maps of the interior of the Earth that can be interpreted. Regions of low seismic velocity have historically been interpreted to be due to factors related to high‐temperature and high‐melt retention. Subsequently, geodynamic models can be used to test such interpretations. However, the inversions are nonunique, and arguably, it would be best to test geodynamic scenarios against observations rather than interpretations. Here we make a first attempt at this. At depths greater than 80 km below Réunion, a low shear‐wave velocity zone is imaged. Rather than interpret this inverted model, we test a forward model of melt generation and retention against seismic observations. Geodynamic model solutions are converted with a mineral parameter database to P wave and S wave velocity profiles from various initial temperatures T, upwelling velocities v‾ , and permeabilities k0. By embedding these velocity profiles, synthetic seismograms are generated. For a range of k0, T, and v‾ , we generate synthetic traces for 21 teleseismic events registered at a receiver on Réunion island. We measure the traveltime difference between observed and synthetic waveforms and the interphase differential travel times for 210 scenarios for several phase arrivals of three components, filtered between 0.01 and 0.2 Hz. The results indicate that upper mantle temperatures beneath Réunion lie within 1400–1450 °C, with permeability coefficients of 10−5–10−6 m2. These conditions are associated with porosities of <0.28% and high‐melt extraction rates of 8.37–18.35 m·year−1. This study demonstrates the potential for fully comparing geodynamic scenarios with seismic observations.
Exploring Entity-Level Spatial Relationships for Image-Text Matching

Exploring the entity-level (i.e., objects in an image, words in a text) spatial relationship contributes to understanding multimedia content precisely. The ignorance of spatial information in previous works probably leads to misunderstandings of image contents. For instance, sentences ‘Boats are on the water’ and ‘Boats are under the water’ describe the same objects, but correspond to different sceneries. To this end, we utilize the relative position of objects to capture entity-level spatial relationships for image-text matching. Specifically, we fuse semantic and spatial relationships of image objects in a visual intra-modal relation module. The module performs promisingly to understand image contents and improve object representation learning. It contributes to capturing entity-level latent correspondence of image-text pairs. Then the query (text) plays a role of textual context to refine the interpretable alignments of image-text pairs in the inter-modal relation module. Our proposed method achieves state-of-the-art results on MSCOCO and Flickr30K datasets.
Changing College Choices with Personalized Admissions Information at Scale: Evidence on Naviance

Choosing where to apply to college is a complex problem with long-term consequences, but many students lack the guidance necessary to make optimal choices. I show that a technology that provides low-cost personalized college admissions information to more than 40% of high schoolers significantly alters college choices. Students shift applications and attendance to colleges for which they can observe information on schoolmates’ admissions experiences. Responses are largest when such information suggests a high admissions probability. Disadvantaged students respond the most, and information on in-state colleges increases their 4-year college attendance. Data features and framing, however, deter students from selective colleges.
Foresight as a Tool for the Planning and Implementation of Visions for Smart City Development

Global change, including population growth, economic development and climate change constitute urgent challenges for the smart cities of the 21st century. Cities need to effectively manage their development and meet challenges that have a significant impact on their economic activity, as well as health and quality of life for their citizens. In the context of continuous change, city decision-makers are constantly looking for new smart tools to tackle it. This article addresses this gap, indicating foresight as an effective tool that anticipates the future of a smart city. Its aim is to develop a methodology for planning and implementing a vision of smart city development based on foresight research. The proposed methodology consists of five stages and was developed with the use of methodology for designing hybrid systems. It is an organised, transparent and flexible process which can facilitate the development of sustainable and smart future visions of smart city development by virtue of the involvement, knowledge and experience of a large number of urban stakeholders at all stages of its creation. The article discusses in detail the operationalisation of each stage of the methodology in which the following main methods were used: megatrend analysis, factors analysis: social (S), technological (T), economic (E), ecological (E), political (P), relating to values (V) and legal (L) (STEEPVL), structural analysis, Delphi, creative visioning, scenarios and identifying actions related to the development of a smart city, divided into four categories: new, so far not undertaken (N); implemented so far, to be continued (C); redundant, to be discontinued (R); actions that have been implemented in the past and to be restored (R) (NCRR). The summary enumerates the benefits that foresight implementation can bring to the smart city.
Performance of RPL in Healthcare Wireless Sensor Network

The new advances of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology can be utilized to promote service delivery in several real-life applications such as healthcare systems. The Routing Protocol for Low Power and Loss Network (RPL) is a routing protocol designed to serve as a proper routing protocol for packets in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Among the most prominent issues exist in the RPL protocol are packet loss within the WSN and sensors power consumption especially in healthcare WSNs. Multiple Objective Functions (OF) in RPL intended to find the routes from source nodes to a destination node. This paper presents an evaluation to discover which OF is more efficient for a WSN in a healthcare scenario where the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) of WSN and the sensors' power consumption are prominent concerns. Expected transmission Count (ETX) and Objective Function Zero (OF0) of RPL were examined in various network densities and network topologies such as the grid and random topology. The simulation outcomes revealed that the OF0 is more efficient regarding the PDR and power consumption compared to the ETX in random
Intercollegiate perfectionistic athletes’ perspectives on success and failure in sport

Abstract This study explored perfectionistic athletes’ perspectives on and experiences of success and failure in sport through a three-phase mixed methods design. In Phase 1, 122 intercollegiate varsity athletes responded to the Sport Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale 2. Ten athletes were then purposively sampled who, based on the percentile rank of their subscales scores, endorsed pure personal standards perfectionism (n = 3) or mixed perfectionism (n = 7). In Phases 2 and 3, these ten athletes took part in semi-structured interviews that explored meaningful experiences of success and failure from their past and a diary protocol that chronicled their actual experiences of success and failure over a season. Thematic analysis of the data indicated that the perfectionists’ perspectives on success and failure revolved around the pursuit of forward momentum in sport. This theme was enabled by the sport context and was reflected in active resistance to contentment, a prioritization of perpetual improvement, and a continual re-direction of attention to future challenges. Subthemes indicated how forward momentum was fueled and challenged by concerns over athletic legitimacy and fostered through hard work. The pure personal standard perfectionists and the mixed perfectionists showed similarities and differences within each subtheme as well as in their reactions to stalled momentum. The specific patterns of findings suggested that the mixed perfectionists were relatively more likely to respond to failure in a manner reflective of narrative wreckage and perfectionistic reactivity. The practical implications of these findings are discussed. Lay summary: Through interviews and season-long diaries, this study explored ten perfectionistic athletes’ perspectives on success and failure. Findings revolved around desires to continually improve, demonstrate legitimacy, and work hard. The degree to which these perspectives were associated with negative responses to failure generally depended on the specific form of perfectionism endorsed. Practical implications It is important to recognize the nature of athletes’ perfectionistic tendencies as pure personal standard perfectionists and mixed perfectionists reported meaningful similarities and differences in how they conceptualize, experience, and respond to success and failure in sport. Mixed perfectionistic athletes appeared to endorse a set of irrational beliefs that contributed to their vulnerability to distress following failure. Cognitive-behavioral therapy could be used to address these irrational beliefs. Following the success, coaches and practitioners should be attentive to developments in perfectionistic athletes’ beliefs and foster their ability to adaptively appraise and cope with emergent demands. Practitioners adopting a narrative approach to therapy and working with intercollegiate athletes who endorse pure personal standards perfectionism or mixed perfectionism could use the present findings to help the athletes make meaning about their own experiences of success and failure.