Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Competition between the fundamental and the second harmonic in quasi-optical gyrotrons

In quasioptical gyrotrons (QOG) using Fabry -Pérot resonators designed to operate at the fundamental, the second harmonic interaction could be important due to the fact that the quality factor Q is an increasing function of the frequency. Emissions at frequencies twice the electron cyclotron frequency have been also observed experimentally in QOG as well as in cylindrical gyrotrons. In order to understand the nature of this unwanted emission and its effects on the efficiency of the quasi -optical gyrotrons, a simulation code, based on the slow time scale formalism is written to follow the time evolution of the fundamental as well as the higher harmonic modes. Results from the simulations of our 100 GIIz QOG experiment will be presented. 1. SIMULATION MODEL We assume that the spatial profile of the electromagnetic field is given by the cold cavity Gaussian TEM modes, as well as the wave frequencies. For the sake of simplicity, only the fundamental modes TEM00 in a confocal resonator are considered here (in the code, higher transverse modes and non -confocal resonators can be specified), in which case the frequencies satisfy the relation: wq = (q + 1 /2)Ow, Ow being the frequency spacing of the cavity spectrum. The equations of motion of the particles in the simultaneous presence of the fundamental and the second harmonic fields can then be derived from the usual slow time scale assumption'. For an electron j, its perpendicular momentum p1i, normalized to mc, its slow phase ei _ i -wti where 7,bi is the rapidly varying electron phase and w is a reference frequency close to the electron cyclotron frequency, and its transit time ti evolve during one pass accross the interaction region, according to the following equations: n-1 dpli e ` nn ph dz mc2 n-1 2 2n n! 7;2-2 El,nf(z)Gi,n(ys ) cos [nei + Cn 1 1 ) Ow ti -n n-2 dei S2 w-yt e nn pli dz cpz + mc2nn! ,y-2 n=1,2 i pzi = const. , 7j =\/1 + pii + pz2i , dt; dz yi cpzj ' ,n f (z)Gi,n (y ) sin [nei ( n 1 1)11w ti kni (Lb)
Towards a Meaningful Analysis of Big Data - Enhancing Data Mining Techniques through a Collaborative Decision Making Environment

Arguing that dealing with data-intensive settings is not a technical problem alone, we propose a hybrid approach that builds on the synergy between machine and human intelligence to facilitate the underlying sense-making and decision making processes. The proposed approach, which can be viewed as an innovative workbench incorporating and orchestrating a set of interoperable services, is illustrated through a real case concerning collaborative subgroup discovery in microarray data. Evaluation results, validating the potential of our approach, are also included.
Development of bilayered TaSiOx-HTPSM: I

We developed a new shifter for half-tone phase shift masks (HTPSMs) in ArF and F2 lithography, using a TaSiOx film. We have adopted the bilayer structure, which consists of a TaSiOx layer and a transmittance control layer (TCL), to make various transmittance blanks by controlling the thickness of each layers (without changing the film compositions) and to achieve lower transmittances at mask inspection wavelengths. Because we expected that the ratio of Si to Ta in TaSiOx layer was an important parameter regarding defect quality, we decided the Si/Ta ratio for 6% transmittance ArF-HTPSM, high transmittance ArF-HTPSM and F2-HTPSM, respectively, considering the inspection light transmittance. We sputtered 6-20% transmittance ArF HTPSM blanks and 9-13% transmittance F2 HTPSM blanks and confirmed that the experimental transmittance and phase results fitted the optical simulation results well and the inspection light transmittances of all blanks were lowered successfully. TaSiOx-HTPSM had good deposition stability (within plate and plate to plate). Furthermore, TaSiOx-HTPSM showed excellent laser irradiation durability and practical chemical durability.
Immunocytochemical study of GABAA receptors in the cat visual cortex

The laminar distribution and morphological structures associated with GABAA receptor immunoreactivity in the cat visual cortex were studied by using two different polyclonal antibodies directed either against the purified GABAA receptor protein (antibody “967”) or against a specific domain of the β1‐subunit of the GABAA receptor (antibody “Q”). Immunoblots of cat visual cortex tissue with these antibodies revealted that antibody “Q” recognizes only one subunit, namely the β1‐subunit of the GABAA receptor, and that antibody “967” recognizes three subunits. Both antibodies produced very similar staining patterns, indicating that the β1‐subunit may be an essential component of the GABAA receptor in the cat visual cortex. The typical staining pattern showed a clear membrane structure around neuronal somata. Using cell body shape criteria, immunopositive neurons included both pyramidal cells in cortical layers II, III, and V, and nonpyramidal cells in all cortical layers. Immunopositive neurons were uniformly distributed in layers II to VI, whereas the density of immunopositive cells in layer I was lower. Some immunopositive neurons were also found in the white matter underlying the visual cotex. In gray matter, immunopositive structures also included dendrites, especially the proximal dendrites, and axon initial segments of pyramidal neurons. The immunopositive processes usually ran vertically toward the pial surface. Some astrocytes were also immunostained. They were localized in layer I and in the white matter. The overall pattern of immunostaining was similar in areas 17, 18, and 19. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Precision inspection of diameters for circular reflecting cylinders

Precision noncontact measurement of diameters of circular reflecting cylinders is an actual problem in industry, especially under inspection of rollers of frictionless bearings with their diameters up to 50 mm with measurement error no more than 0.5 μm. We have developed differential Fraunhofer diffraction method, which is appropriate for measurement of such diameters. Peculiarity of this method is rather measurement of gaps between two cylinder vertexes and two reference half-planes, than measurement of cylinder diameter by direct Fraunhofer method. Equivalent model for formation of Fraunhofer diffraction pattern by measurable object is presented. The proposed algorithm for processing of two diffraction patterns from gaps between cylinder vertexes and reference half-planes allows to determine objects diameter with inaccuracy of one- half micron. Experimental results are given.
Optical micro- and nanofibers for sensing applications

An optical microfiber is usually fabricated by drawing a conventional optical fiber and has a diameter of ~ 1 &mgr;m. A microfiber with a diameter significantly less than one micron is often called a nanofiber. This paper considers the potential applications of optical microfibers/nanofibers as sensors, which detect changes in the ambient medium by monitoring changes in the transmission power of light propagating along the MF. These changes may be caused by variation in temperature, radiation, concentration of chemical or biological species, microparticles, etc.
Design and Implementation of Two-Channel Interleaved Boost Converters with Integrated Coupling Inductors

A novel integrated magnetic structure, which enables further reduction in an overall volume and weight of main inductors, the losses of the inductor windings and the channels by integrating the inductors in a single core, is proposed, for the telecom power application, and the operations and practical design considerations of the DC/DC boost converters using interleaved two-channel with CCM operation are investigated with common ¿-model.
Vision-based mobile robot navigation through deep convolutional neural networks and end-to-end learning

In contrast to humans, who use only visual information for navigation, many mobile robots use laser scanners and ultrasonic sensors along with vision cameras to navigate. This work proposes a vision-based robot control algorithm based on deep convolutional neural networks. We create a large 15-layer convolutional neural network learning system and achieve the advanced recognition performance. Our system is trained from end to end to map raw input images to direction in supervised mode. The images of data sets are collected in a wide variety of weather conditions and lighting conditions. Besides, the data sets are augmented by adding Gaussian noise and Salt-and-pepper noise to avoid overfitting. The algorithm is verified by two experiments, which are line tracking and obstacle avoidance. The line tracking experiment is proceeded in order to track the desired path which is composed of straight and curved lines. The goal of obstacle avoidance experiment is to avoid the obstacles indoor. Finally, we get 3.29% error rate on the training set and 5.1% error rate on the test set in the line tracking experiment, 1.8% error rate on the training set and less than 5% error rate on the test set in the obstacle avoidance experiment. During the actual test, the robot can follow the runway centerline outdoor and avoid the obstacle in the room accurately. The result confirms the effectiveness of the algorithm and our improvement in the network structure and train parameters
Processing Affective Stimuli in Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Neuropsychological investigations have suggested a contribution of right hemisphere dysfunction in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Right hemisphere dysfunction has been implicated in deficits of attention, motor impersistence, and processing emotion-laden stimuli. The current study investigated the ability of ADHD children to perceive emotional stimuli in the form of facial expressions and speech intonation. The subjects consisted of 37 ADHD and 37 control children aged 7 to 12 years. ANCOVA analysis indicated that ADHD children demonstrate mild-to-moderate deficits in the perception of affect. Furthermore, deficits in attention may contribute to inaccurate or incomplete encoding of stimulus properties. The results lend tentative support for the notion that the right cerebral hemisphere may play a critical role in ADHD.
Dominant covering

We consider communications and network systems whose properties are characterized by the gaps of the leading eigenvalues of H A A for some matrix A . We show that a sufficient and necessary condition for a large eigen-gap is that A is a “hub” matrix in the sense that it has dominant columns. We describe an application of this dominant covering theory in multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems.
Resection of juvenile angiofibroma using the Le Fort I approach.

BACKGROUND Juvenile angiofibroma (JA) is a rare tumor that occurs exclusively in adolescent male patients. The mainstay treatment for JA is complete surgical excision. Acceptable surgical approaches for the resection of JA include transantral, transpalatal, combined, endoscopic, and Le Fort I procedures, among others. Because exposure of the entire extension of the tumor may not possible, the recurrence rates after surgical treatment of JA may be as high as 55%. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results after using the Le Fort I technique for the resection of JA. METHODS We retrospectively studied 19 patients with JA submitted to surgical resection by using the Le Fort I approach from March 1983 to September 2002. Data regarding demographic characteristics, tumor topography, use of embolization, recurrence, and complication of treatment were obtained. RESULTS Patient age at the time of diagnosis ranged from 8 to 26 years with a mean age of 16 years. The most common tumor site was the nasopharynx in 100% of the cases, pterygopalatine fossa (95%), nasal cavity (84%), and sphenoid sinus (63%). Angiography and embolization were performed preoperatively in 57% of the patients. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 19 years (mean, 9.7 years; median, 8.0 years). One patient experienced malocclusion after surgery. However, we did not observe any recurrences during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION We conclude that the Le Fort I approach is a safe technique that permits the total resection of the JA with a low rate of postoperative complications and a low rate of recurrence.
Endonuclease-induced, targeted homologous extrachromosomal recombination in Xenopus oocytes

Homologous recombination in gene targeting in most organisms occurs by an inefficient mechanism. Inducing a double-strand break in the chromosomal target may increase this efficiency by allowing recombination to proceed by the highly efficient single-strand annealing mechanism. A gene targeting experiment was modeled in Xenopus oocytes by using a circular plasmid to mimic the chromosomal target site and a homologous linear molecule (pick-up fragment or PUF) as an analogue of the vector DNA. When those two molecules were simply injected together, no recombination was observed. In contrast, when the circular plasmid was cleaved in vivo by injection of the site-specific endonuclease, I-Sce I, relatively efficient intermolecular recombination occurred, involving up to 17% of the cleaved molecules. Recombination was dependent on the stability of the PUF; product yield was increased by using longer fragments and by injecting larger amounts of linear DNA, both of which increased the lifetime of the PUF in the oocytes. These results demonstrate that in vivo double-strand breaks can induce homologous recombination of reluctant substrates and may be useful in augmenting the efficiency of gene targeting.
BDVC (Bimodal Database of Violent Content): A database of violent audio and video

Nowadays there is a trend towards the use of unimodal databases for multimedia content description, organization and retrieval applications of a single type of content like text, voice and images, instead bimodal databases allow to associate semantically two different types of content like audio-video, image-text, among others. The generation of a bimodal database of audio-video implies the creation of a connection between the multimedia content through the semantic relation that associates the actions of both types of information. This paper describes in detail the used characteristics and methodology for the creation of the bimodal database of violent content; the semantic relationship is stablished by the proposed concepts that describe the audiovisual information. The use of bimodal databases in applications related to the audiovisual content processing allows an increase in the semantic performance only and only if these applications process both type of content. This bimodal database counts with 580 audiovisual annotated segments, with a duration of 28 minutes, divided in 41 classes. Bimodal databases are a tool in the generation of applications for the semantic web.
Dimensionality-varied convolutional neural network for spectral-spatial classification of hyperspectral data

Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification is one of the most popular topics in remote sensing community. Traditional and deep learning-based classification methods were proposed constantly in recent years. In order to improve the classification accuracy and robustness, a dimensionality-varied convolutional neural network (DVCNN) was proposed in this paper. DVCNN was a novel deep architecture based on convolutional neural network (CNN). The input of DVCNN was a set of 3D patches selected from HSI which contained spectral-spatial joint information. In the following feature extraction process, each patch was transformed into some different 1D vectors by 3D convolution kernels, which were able to extract features from spectral-spatial data. The rest of DVCNN was about the same as general CNN and processed 2D matrix which was constituted by by all 1D data. So that the DVCNN could not only extract more accurate and rich features than CNN, but also fused spectral-spatial information to improve classification accuracy. Moreover, the robustness of network on water-absorption bands was enhanced in the process of spectral-spatial fusion by 3D convolution, and the calculation was simplified by dimensionality varied convolution. Experiments were performed on both Indian Pines and Pavia University scene datasets, and the results showed that the classification accuracy of DVCNN improved by 32.87% on Indian Pines and 19.63% on Pavia University scene than spectral-only CNN. The maximum accuracy improvement of DVCNN achievement was 13.72% compared with other state-of-the-art HSI classification methods, and the robustness of DVCNN on water-absorption bands noise was demonstrated.
Favorable Effect of Short-Term Lifestyle Intervention on Human Paraoxonase-1 Activity and Adipokine Levels in Childhood Obesity

Objective: The prevalence of obesity is increasing in adult and child populations throughout the world. Childhood obesity has a great impact on adult cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; treatment of this pathological state is important given the significant health consequences. We investigated the effect of short-term lifestyle changes on the alteration of human serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activities, leptin, adiponectin, E-selectin, and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) as atherogenic and antiatherogenic factors in obese children. PON1 protects lipoproteins against oxidation by hydrolyzing lipid peroxides in oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) and therefore may protect against atherosclerosis. Methods: A total of 23 white obese and overweight children (age, 11.43 ± 1.78 years; 8 girls, 15 boys) participated in a 2-week-long lifestyle camp based on a diet and exercise program. Overweight and obesity were defined according to the national body mass index (BMI) reference tables for age and sex. Results: After a 2-week-long supervised diet and aerobic exercise program, obese children had significantly lower leptin (55.02 ± 33.42 ng/ml vs 25.37 ± 19.07 ng/ml; p < 0.0001), ADMA (0.68 ± 0.15 μmol/l vs 0.55 ± 0.16 μmol/l; p < 0.01), and E-selectin levels (67.19 ± 30.35 ng/ml vs 46.51 ± 18.40 ng/ml; p < 0.0001), whereas they had significantly higher PON1 paraoxonase activity (110.48 ± 72.92 U/l vs 121.75 ± 93.48 U/l; p < 0.05) besides the antiatherogenic alteration of the lipid profile and significant weight change (70.32 ± 19.51 kg vs 67.01 ± 18.75 kg, p < 0.0001; BMI, 28.95 ± 5.05 kg/m2 vs 27.43 ± 4.82 kg/m2, p < 0.0001). Adiponectin and PON1 arylesterase activity did not change significantly. Conclusions: Our investigation suggests that modifications in dietary habits and physical activity induce antiatherogenic changes in childhood obesity. These findings emphasize the major role of primary prevention and nonpharmaceutical treatment of childhood obesity through lifestyle changes based on diet and increased physical activity.
Adaptive windowing and windowless approaches to estimate dynamic functional brain connectivity

In this work, we discuss estimation of dynamic dependence of a multi-variate signal. Commonly used approaches are often based on a locality assumption (e.g. sliding-window) which can miss spontaneous changes due to blurring with local but unrelated changes. We discuss recent approaches to overcome this limitation including 1) a wavelet-space approach, essentially adapting the window to the underlying frequency content and 2) a sparse signal-representation which removes any locality assumption. The latter is especially useful when there is no prior knowledge of the validity of such assumption as in brain-analysis. Results on several large resting-fMRI data sets highlight the potential of these approaches.
Agonist Dose-dependent Phosphorylation by Protein Kinase A and G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase Regulates β2 Adrenoceptor Coupling to Gi Proteins in Cardiomyocytes*

Adrenoceptors receptors (ARs) play a pivotal role in regulating cardiovascular response to catecholamines during stress. β2ARs, prototypical G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), expressed in animal hearts, display dual coupling to both Gs and Gi proteins to control the adenylyl cyclase-cAMP dependent protein kinase A (PKA) pathway to regulate contraction responses. Here, we showed that the β2AR coupling to Gi proteins was agonist dose-dependent and occurred only at high concentrations in mouse cardiac myocytes. Both the β2AR-induced PKA activity, measured by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) imaging, and the increase in myocyte contraction rate displayed sensitivity to the Gi inhibitor pertussis toxin (PTX). Further studies revealed that activated β2ARs underwent PKA phosphorylation at a broad range of agonist concentrations. Disruption of the PKA phosphorylation sites on the β2AR blocked receptor/Gi coupling. However, a sufficient β2AR/Gi coupling was also dependent on the G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK)-mediated phosphorylation of the receptors, which only occurred at high concentrations of agonist (≥100 nm). Disruption of the GRK phosphorylation sites on the β2AR blocked receptor internalization and coupling to Gi proteins, probably by preventing the receptor's transportation to access Gi proteins. Furthermore, neither PKA nor GRK site mutated receptors displayed sensitivity to the Gi-specific inhibitor, GiCT. Together, our studies revealed distinct roles of PKA and GRK phosphorylation of the β2AR for agonist dose-dependent coupling to Gi proteins in cardiac myocytes, which may protect cells from overstimulation under high concentrations of catecholamines.
Efficiency of activated carbon prepared from mixed oily sludge and lignocellulosic waste for furfural adsorption from aqueous solutions

Disposal of oily sludges generated in the oil industry is an important environmental issue. In this study, a carbonaceous composite sorbent was prepared from oily sludge and elm tree sawdust using chemical activation process by zinc chloride. Some sorptive characteristics of produced activated carbon such as BET, iodine number and furfural adsorption were determined. The results showed that the addition of lignocellulosic wastes to oily sludge improved the BET surface to 691.7 m2/g and removal efficiency of furfural to 98% by activated composite comparing to the activated carbon produced from oily sludge. In general, the sorbent produced from composite of oily sludge and lignocellulosic wastes could be used in adsorption process for wastewater treatment.
Diffuse tomography

We consider certain models that have been used recently to describe photon migration in a random media with the purpose of imaging this unknown media on the basis of boundary measurements. We discuss the performance of numerical algorithms to tackle the reconstruction problem associated to such models. Some of these algorithms are of nonlinear optimization type, while others proceed in a finite number of steps and do not require iteration. We study also the effect of noise in the performance of these algorithms as well as the deterioration of their performance as the amount of data is reduced.