Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Designing Efficient Memory Schedulers for Future Systems

The internet-based information infrastructure that has powered the growth of modern personal/mobile computing is composed of powerful, warehouse-scale computers or datacenters. These heavily subscribed datacenters perform data-processing jobs under intense quality of service guarantees. Further, high-performance compute platforms are being used to model and analyze increasingly complex scientific problems and natural phenomena. To ensure that the high-performance needs of these machines are met, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of the memory system that supplies data to the processing cores. Many of the microarchitectural innovations that were designed to scale the memory wall (e.g., out-of-order instruction execution, on-chip caches) are being rendered less effective due to several emerging trends (e.g., increased emphasis on energy consumption, limited access locality). This motivates the optimization of the main memory system itself. The key to an efficient main memory system is the memory controller. In particular, the scheduling algorithm in the memory controller greatly influences its performance. This dissertation explores this hypothesis in several contexts. It develops tools to better understand memory scheduling and develops scheduling innovations for CPUs and GPUs. We propose novel memory scheduling techniques that are strongly aware of the access patterns of the clients as well as the microarchitecture of the memory device. Based on these, we present (i) a Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) chip microarchitecture optimized for reducing write-induced slowdown, (ii) a memory scheduling algorithm that exploits these features, (iii) several memory scheduling algorithms to reduce the memory-related stall experienced by irregular General Purpose Graphics Processing Unit (GPGPU) applications, and (iv) the Utah Simulated Memory Module (USIMM), a detailed, validated simulator for DRAM main memory that we use for analyzing and proposing scheduler algorithms.
A Second Order Sliding Mode Control of Container Cranes with Unknown Payloads and Sway Rates

: This paper introduces a sway suppression control for container cranes with unknown payloads and sway rates. With no priori knowledge concerning the magnitude of payload mass and sway rate, the proposed control maintains superior sway suppressing and trolley positioning against external disturbances. The proposed scheme combines a second order sliding mode control and an adaptive control to cope with unknown payloads. A second order sliding mode control without feedback of the sway rate is first designed, which is based on a class of feedback linearization methods for stabilization of the under-actuated sway dynamics of the container. Under applicable restrictions of the magnitude of payload inertia and sway rate, a linear regression model is obtained, and an adaptive control with a payload estimator is then designed, which is based on Lyapunov stability methods for the fast attenuation of trolley oscillations in the vicinity of the target position. The asymptotic stability of the overall closed-loop system is assured irrespective of variations of rope length. Simulation are shown in the existence of initial sway and external wind disturbances.
The CGM–GRB Study. I. Uncovering the Circumgalactic Medium around GRB Hosts at Redshifts 2–6

Recent studies have revealed a dynamic interplay between the galaxy ecosystem and circumgalactic medium (CGM). We investigate the CGM at high redshifts (z ≳ 2) by using bright afterglows of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) as background sources. We compiled a sample of medium-resolution (Δv < 50 km s−1) and high signal-to-noise ratio (typical S/N ∼ 10) spectra from 27 GRB afterglows covering z ∼ 2–6, with six of them at z ≳ 4. We analyzed the high- and low-ionization absorption features within ±400 km s−1 to extract the CGM and interstellar medium (ISM) kinematics. In the stacked spectra, high-ionization absorption profiles (e.g., C iv, Si iv) present significant absorption excess in their blue wings (v < −100 km s−1) relative to the red wings (v > 100 km s−1). The stronger blue wings in high-ionization species are indicative of the presence of ubiquitous warm outflows in the GRB hosts at high redshifts. We used simple toy models to kinematically distinguish the CGM and ISM absorption and estimate the CGM mass and outflow velocity. We find tentative evidence of the evolution of the CGM metal mass by ∼0.5 dex between two redshift bins, each spanning 1 Gyr, z1: 2–2.7 and z2: 2.7–5. By comparing with past studies, we find that over the course of evolution of present-day galaxies with M* > 1010 M⊙, the ratio of C iv mass in the CGM to the stellar mass remains fairly uniform, with log(MC iv/M*) ∼ −4.5 within ±0.5 dex from z ∼ 4 to z ∼ 0, suggesting CGM–galaxy coevolution.
A Cautionary Note on the Use of Nested PCR for Parasite Screening- An Example From

The use of new powerful nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques to identify and screen for prevalence of parasites has a huge potential. It allows for the detection and identification of low- intensity infections, but its high sensitivity and technical setup may also induce problems. Here, we report a cautionary note regarding mislead- ing amplification of avian malaria species (Haemoproteus and Plas- modiwri) during Leucocytozoon spp. detection. We used a previously described nested PCR method for the molecular detection of avian ma- laria and Leucocytozoon spp. In the first step of the PCR protocol, these parasites are detected simultaneously; in the second PCR, Haemopro- teus and Plasmodium spp. are separated from Leucocytozoon spp. How- ever, in certain cases when a bird was infected with avian malaria, we obtained a slightly longer PCR product during the detection of Leuco- cytozoon spp. Our data imply that these "false" Leucocytozoon frag- ments are the consequences of strong amplification of certain malaria lineages in the first PCR, which can also be detected after the second PCR amplification that is specific to Leucocytozoon spp. parasites. Be- cause these "false" Leucocytozoon fragments are slightly longer than the normal Leucocytozoon fragments, we suggest the use of well-sep- arating agarose gels, several positive controls, and molecular standards to facilitate their separation. If one obtains a fragment that differs in length from the one expected for Leucocytozoon spp. , sequencing is essential. More generally, in order to limit this type of problem with nested PCR protocols, we suggest that the first and the second primer pair be chosen so that they have different annealing temperatures.
First evidence of Panulirus argus Virus 1 (PaV1) in spiny lobster from Cuba and clinical estimation of its prevalence.

The present study documents the first finding of Panulirus argus Virus 1 (PaV1) in spiny lobster Panulirus argus from Cuba. Samples originated from 2 nursery sites, Matias Keys and Bocas de Alonso Keys, and 2 fishing sites, La Grifa and El Ramajo. Lobsters from the nursery sites (artificial reefs) were collected by SCUBA diving, while those from the fishing sites were collected from artifi- cial shelters known as 'casitas cubanas'. In these shelters it was observed that healthy lobsters tended to avoid infected lobsters. Prevalence of PaV1 in the sampling sites was assessed by using clinical signs such as lethargy, an opaque reddish shell coloration, and milky white hemolymph with loss of clotting activity. The presence of PaV1 was subsequently confirmed by histology and PCR of tissues and hemolymph samples from suspected individuals. Histological sections of the hepatopancreas, gills, gonads, and gut showed infected hemocytes with hypertrophied nuclei and eosinophilic intranuclear Cowdry type A inclusions. A 499 bp band was observed by PCR. The sequence of the amplified fragments was 96% similar to the PaV1 sequence in GenBank. The overall mean pre- valence of PaV1 was 4.48% (range: 0 to 9.3%) after pooling the results of the 4 sampling sites.
Multi-Task Semi-Supervised Adversarial Autoencoding for Speech Emotion Recognition

Inspite the emerging importance of Speech Emotion Recognition (SER), the state-of-the-art accuracy is quite low and needs improvement to make commercial applications of SER viable. A key underlying reason for the low accuracy is the scarcity of emotion datasets, which is a challenge for developing any robust machine learning model in general. In this article, we propose a solution to this problem: a multi-task learning framework that uses auxiliary tasks for which data is abundantly available. We show that utilisation of this additional data can improve the primary task of SER for which only limited labelled data is available. In particular, we use gender identifications and speaker recognition as auxiliary tasks, which allow the use of very large datasets, e. g. , speaker classification datasets. To maximise the benefit of multi-task learning, we further use an adversarial autoencoder (AAE) within our framework, which has a strong capability to learn powerful and discriminative features. Furthermore, the unsupervised AAE in combination with the supervised classification networks enables semi-supervised learning which incorporates a discriminative component in the AAE unsupervised training pipeline. This semi-supervised learning essentially helps to improve generalisation of our framework and thus leads to improvements in SER performance. The proposed model is rigorously evaluated for categorical and dimensional emotion, and cross-corpus scenarios. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance on two publicly available datasets.
X-ray plateaus in gamma-ray bursts’ light curves from jets viewed slightly off-axis

Using multiple observational arguments, recent work has shown that cosmological gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are typically viewed at angles within, or close to the cores of their relativistic jets. One of those arguments relied on the lack of tens-of-days-long periods of very shallow evolution that would be seen in the afterglow light curves of GRBs viewed at large angles. Motivated by these results, we consider that GRBs efficiently produce γ-rays only within a narrow region around the core. We show that, on these near-core lines of sight, structured jets naturally produce shallow phases in the X-ray afterglow of GRBs. These plateaus would be seen by a large fraction of observers and would last between 102–105 s. They naturally reproduce the observed distributions of time-scales and luminosities as well as the intercorrelations between plateau duration, plateau luminosity, and prompt γ-ray energy. An advantage of this interpretation is that it involves no late-time energy injection which would be both challenging from the point of view of the central engine and, as we show here, less natural given the observed correlations between plateau and prompt properties.
HLA DRB 1 and DQB 1 Gene Diversity in Maratha Community from Mumbai India

Indian Population exhibits not only a wide variety of ethnic but also great cultural and linguistic diversity. In the present study 113 unrelated Marathas residing in Mumbai, Maharastra, (Western India) were studied for HLA DRB1 and HLA DQB1 locus antigen profiles. The HLA antigens were identified using commercially procured PCRSSP typing kits. The genotype frequency, haplotype frequency and Linkage disequilibrium estimates were calculated following the standard methods. The HLA antigen frequencies of HLA DRB1*02, DRB1*15, DRB1*0701, DQB1*06 and DQB1*0203 were increased while that of HLA DRB1*0301, DRB1*12, DRB1*09, and DQB1*04 were decreased in the Marathas. Two Locus haplotype analyses revealed the presence of DRB1*02 DQB1*06, and DRB1*04 DQB1*0303 haplotypes with positive linkage disequilibrium among the Maratha. Haplotype DRB1*0701 DQB1*06 and DRB1*0401 – DQB1*06 were the haplotypes identified in negative linkage disequilibrium. The observed antigen frequencies, haplotype frequencies and linkage disequilibrium in Marathas suggest the influence of genetic drift caused by selection, geography and culture. Further the study reveals that the Hindu population of India cannot be considered as a single panmictic population due to vast allelic diversity and immense heterozygosity in haplotypes.
Bloch beamsplitters and dual-lattice methods for atom interferometry

Using two independently accelerated optical lattices, we produce a coherent beamsplitter for atom interferometry, as well as coherent reflection and recombination of matter waves when the lattices are ramped through velocity degeneracy. These methods enable large momentum transfer interferometers with applications in precision measurement, inertial sensing, and searches for new physics. The dual-lattice dynamics are shown to be adiabatic, similar to Bloch oscillations in a single lattice, and loss mechanisms and systematic effects are discussed. The techniques are implemented experimentally and shown to be phase-stable using a differential measurement between two MachZehnder (MZ) atom interferometers. In a single MZ-interferometer, contrast is observed at up to 240hk momentum splitting, one of the largest coherent momentum splittings achieved to date.
A hierarchical position-prediction algorithm for efficient management of resources in cellular networks

We propose a novel hierarchical position-prediction algorithm which improves the connection reliability and overall system performance by accurately predicting the future movement pattern of the mobile user. Our algorithm adopts a two-level approach-at the top (global) level, approximate pattern matching is applied to determine the mobile's overall inter-cell movement direction, and at the bottom (local) level, an optimum self-learning Kalman estimator is applied that uses real-time signal strength measurements to estimate the mobile's intra-cell movement direction and velocity. Simulation results show that this two-tier prediction algorithm promises to provide a high degree of prediction accuracy as it is robust in the presence of random movement patterns and noise corrupted measurement data.
Speech Production and Modeling

Commercial applications of speech processing and recognition are fast becoming a growth industry that will shape the next decade. Now students and practicing engineers of signal processing can find in a single volume the fundamentals essential to understanding this rapidly developing field. IEEE Press is pleased to publish a classic reissue of Discrete-Time Processing of Speech Signals. Specially featured in this reissue is the addition of valuable World Wide Web links to the latest speech data references. This landmark book offers a balanced discussion of both the mathematical theory of digital speech signal processing and critical contemporary applications. The authors provide a comprehensive view of all major modern speech processing areas: speech production physiology and modeling, signal analysis techniques, coding, enhancement, quality assessment, and recognition. You will learn the principles needed to understand advanced technologies in speech processing -- from speech coding for communications systems to biomedical applications of speech analysis and recognition. Ideal for self-study or as a course text, this far-reaching reference book offers an extensive historical context for concepts under discussion, end-of-chapter problems, and practical algorithms. Discrete-Time Processing of Speech Signals is the definitive resource for students, engineers, and scientists in the speech processing field. An Instructor's Manual presenting detailed solutions to all the problems in the book is available upon request from the Wiley Makerting Department.
MD*Book online: A tool for creating interactive documents

Since the age of Gutenberg, publishing has meant to print a book readable by a person. Of course, interaction and dynamic illustration were not possible with this media. Even during the electronic age (till the mid of the nineties), publishing had not changed much. Although media, like diskettes and CDs, were often added to books, they often contained only additional material, e.g., lengthy computer programs. With the breakthrough of the internet and the World Wide Web, the publishing of books has changed dramatically. Authors provide, beside the printed text, an electronic version of the book on the internet and on a CD. Interactive examples are sometimes embedded in books. Authoring systems appeared on the market, but their use usually they requires special knowledge of the programs. Moreover, the interactivity and the dynamics often depends on the authoring system and not on the author of a book. We first define what we mean by an e-book and explain our choice of the document base. Since the MD*Book project bundles and extends techniques developed over the last several years, we consider the main roots of it: the XploRe helpsystem (APSS), the Golden Solution, and the MM*Stat project. Finally we describe MD*Book and the MD*Book online project. Please find at the end the internet addresses.
Sequence Level Semantics Aggregation for Video Object Detection

Video objection detection (VID) has been a rising research direction in recent years. A central issue of VID is the appearance degradation of video frames caused by fast motion. This problem is essentially ill-posed for a single frame. Therefore, aggregating features from other frames becomes a natural choice. Existing methods rely heavily on optical ﬂow or recurrent neural networks for feature aggregation. However, these methods emphasize more on the temporally nearby frames. In this work, we argue that aggregating features in the full-sequence level will lead to more discriminative and robust features for video object detection. To achieve this goal, we devise a novel Sequence Level Semantics Aggregation (SELSA) module. We further demonstrate the close relationship between the proposed method and the classic spectral clustering method, providing a novel view for understanding the VID problem. We test the proposed method on the ImageNet VID and the EPIC KITCHENS dataset and achieve new state-of-the-art results. Our method does not need complicated postprocessing methods such as Seq-NMS or Tubelet rescoring, which keeps the pipeline simple and clean.
Interfering pathways for photon blockade in cavity QED with one and two qubits

We theoretically study the quantum interference induced photon blockade phenomenon in atom cavity QED system, where the destructive interference between two different transition pathways prohibits the two-photon excitation. Here, we first explore the single atom cavity QED system via an atom or cavity drive. We show that the cavity-driven case will lead to the quantum interference induced photon blockade under a specific condition, but the atom driven case can't result in such interference induced photon blockade. Then, we investigate the two atoms case, and find that an additional transition pathway appears in the atom-driven case. We show that this additional transition pathway results in the quantum interference induced photon blockade only if the atomic resonant frequency is different from the cavity mode frequency. Moreover, in this case, the condition for realizing the interference induced photon blockade is independent of the system's intrinsic parameters, which can be used to generate antibunched photon source both in weak and strong coupling regimes.
Architectural Comparison and Implementation of Cloud Tools and Technologies

Service oriented architecture is a collection of services that communicate with each other to provide flexibility in system development and deployment. Cloud computing emphasizes on various service oriented architectures with the help of tools, which reduces the infrastructure cost of users. There are varying range of cloud tools and technology such as Eucalyptus, OpenNebula, Nimbus and OpenStack etc. The comparative study of different cloud tools and technology in this paper is performed on the basis of certain cloud parameters for the deployment of clouds. The concepts, architecture and implementation of cloud tools are also discussed here. The comparative study will be helpful to select an appropriate deployment strategy for users.
An International Framework for Data Sharing: Moving Forward with the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health.

The Global Alliance for Genomics and Health is marshaling expertise in biomedical research and data sharing policy to propel bench-to-bedside translation of genomics in parallel with many of the BioSHaRE-EU initiatives described at length in this Issue. Worldwide representation of institutions, funders, researchers, and patient advocacy groups at the Global Alliance is testament to a shared ideal that sees maximizing the public good as a chief priority of genomic innovation in health. The Global Alliance has made a critical stride in this regard with the development of its Framework for Responsible Sharing of Genomic and Health-related Data. (1) This article first discusses the human rights pillars that underlie the Framework and mission of the Global Alliance. Second, it outlines the Global Alliance's use of data governance policies through a number of demonstration projects. Finally, the authors describe how the Global Alliance envisions international data sharing moving forward in the postgenomic era.
A rotating fast bipolar wind and disk system around the B[e]-type star MWC 922.

We present interferometric observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) of the free-free continuum and recombination line emission at 1 and 3 mm of the "Red Square Nebula" surrounding the B[e]-type star MWC922. The unknown distance to the source is usually taken to be d=1.7-3 kpc. The unprecedented angular resolution ( up to ∼ 0 . ″ 02 ) and exquisite sensitivity of these data unveil, for the first time, the structure and kinematics of the emerging, compact ionized region at its center. We imaged the line emission of H30α and H39α, previously detected with single-dish observations, as well as of H51ϵ, H55γ, and H63δ, detected for the first time in this work. The line emission is seen over a full velocity range of ~180 km s-1 arising in a region of diameter < 0 . ″ 14 (less than a few hundred au) in the maser line H30α, which is the most intense transition reported here. We resolve the spatio-kinematic structure of a nearly edge-on disk rotating around a central mass of ~10 M ⊙ (d=1.7 kpc) or ~18 M ⊙ (d=3 kpc), assuming Keplerian rotation. Our data also unveil a fast (~100 km s-1) bipolar ejection (a jet? ) orthogonal to the disk. In addition, a slow (<15 km s-1) wind may be lifting off the disk. Both, the slow and the fast winds are found to be rotating in a similar manner to the ionized layers of the disk. This represents the first empirical proof of rotation in a bipolar wind expanding at high velocity (~100 km s-1 ). The launching radius of the fast wind is found to be <30-51 au i.e., smaller than the inner rim of the ionized disk probed by our observations. We believe that the fast wind is actively being launched, probably by a disk-mediated mechanism in a (accretion? ) disk around a possible compact companion. We have modelled our observations using the radiative transfer code MORELI. This has enabled us to describe with unparalleled detail the physical conditions and kinematics in the inner layers of MWC 922, which has revealed itself as an ideal laboratory for studying the interplay of disk rotation and jet-launching. Although the nature of MWC 922 remains unclear, we believe it could be a ~15 M ⊙ post-main sequence star in a mass-exchanging binary system. If this is the case, a more realistic value of the distance may be d~3 kpc.