Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Subjects Attending the General Outpatient Department of the Federal Medical Centre Katsina State, North West Nigeria

Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a term that describe the presence of conditions that increase an individual risk for heart disease and other disorders such as diabetes and stroke, and its occurrence is in the rise in residents of North-Western Nigeria, The aim of this study was to investigate the Original Research Article Yaradua et al.; AJBGMB, 5(1): 28-37, 2020; Article no.AJBGMB. 58458 29 prevalence and determinants of metabolic syndrome in respondents from Katsina senatorial zone attending the Out-patient Department of the Federal Medical Center Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria. A total of 211 (male 109; female 102) respondents aged 10 to 80 years were recruited for the study. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure of respondents were determined using standard methods; serum lipid profile was determined using enzymatic methods. From the results, 11.8% of the male respondents were under weight, 51.6% were within the normal range, 25.4% of the study male population was found to be overweight and 12.8% were obese. 13.5% of the female respondents were under weight, 51.9% were within the normal range, 22.8% of the study female population was found to be overweight and 13.1% were obese. All serum lipids measurements with the exception of serum LDL-C concentration correlated positively with age. There were no statistically significant differences between the frequencies of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and TRIG between the male and female respondents. The most common form of Dyslipidemia in the male and female respondents is low HDL-C. BMI, SBP, LDL-C, HDLC and TRIG were associated metabolic syndrome with the association being significant for SBP and HDL-C (0.05; 0.03) in the male respondent, in the female respondents BMI, SBP, DBP, LDL-C and TRIG were associated metabolic syndrome with the association being significant for SBP, DBP, and TRIG (0.04; 0.04; 0.04) respectively. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was highest in male (31.75%) than in the female respondents (28.33). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is common in the population under study with the male respondents having the highest prevalence. A robust and well design intervention program by concerned authorities is desirable to address complications of the risk factors for metabolic syndrome in the population.
Research Director, Colleague, Schoolmaster? Preferred and Experienced Supervising Styles of PhD-Students at Four Faculties

What do the PhD candidates think of their supervisors’ supervising styles? What practices do they see as characteristic of their primary supervisors, and how does this compare to their own preferred style of supervision? And how is this linked to satisfaction with their supervisors and optimism for their thesis work? Using data from a web survey of 337 candidates at the Faculties of Law, Natural Sciences, Psychology and Social Sciences at the University of Bergen, the article explores these themes via principal component analysis to look for common elements in their answers, and via regression analysis to study how these answers are linked to various characteristics of the supervisors and the PhD candidates. The study finds some differences between the faculties and suggests some factors that are related to feelings of inadequacy in the supervisors and pessimism for their work on the thesis.
Natural cavity restoration as an alternative to nest box supplementation

Nest box supplementation is widely used to increase nest‐site availability for cavity nesting animals but the analysis of its effects on individuals breeding in natural cavities is often neglected. This study offers a novel restoration technique to revert abandonment of natural breeding sites by a secondary cavity avian bird, the European roller (Coracias garrulus), and other ecologically similar species. We found that, after a program of nest box supplementation with ensuing monitoring, rollers gradually abandon nesting in natural and seminatural cavities in favor of nest boxes because the latter are of higher quality. We examine whether reducing the entrance size of natural and seminatural cavities improves their suitability for rollers. A 6‐year program reduced the diameter of the entrance of sandstone cavities and cavities in bridges. This led to a high occupancy (59%) of manipulated nest‐sites. Manipulated sites were most frequently occupied by rollers and little owls (Athene noctua) (31 and 18% of sites, respectively). Manipulation did not affect clutch size or fledgling success. We suggest that nest‐site diversity and nesting in natural cavities should be preserved to reduce nest box dependence. Our study illustrates the value of nest boxes when used alongside restoration of natural breeding sites and provides insights for the management of natural cavities.
Analisis Rasio Tingkat Kesehatan Bank Menggunakan Metode CAMEL Pada PT Bank BCA Syariah Tbk Jakarta Timur Tahun 2013 - 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the development of bank health at PT Bank BCA Syariah Tbk and to measure the level of health of PT Bank BCA Syariah Tbk in 2013-2017 using the CAMEL ratio which includes aspects of capital, productive assets, management, profitability and liquidity. This research is quantitative descriptive. The population in this study includes all financial statements of PT Bank BCA Syariah for the period 2013 to 2017, while the sample in this study is the company's financial statements in the form of a balance sheet and income statement of PT. Bank BCA Syariah Tbk. period 2013 to 2017. Analysis of the data used in this study is to use the CAMEL method which consists of five aspects, namely capital aspects using CAR (Capital Adequacy Ratio), aspects of earning asset quality using the ratio of KAP (Earning Assets Quality) and PPAP (Allowance for Earning Assets), management aspects using the ratio of NPM (Net Profit Margin), profitability aspects using the ratio of ROA (Return On Assets) and BOPO (Operating Expenses to Operating Income), and the liquidity aspect using the NCM-CA (Net Call Money ratio) to Current Assets) and LDR (Loan to Deposit Ratio). Based on the results of research conducted at PT Bank BCA Syariah CAMEL in 2013 97.04 was healthy, in 2014 96.71 was healthy, in 2015 95.52 was healthy, in 2016 97.01 was healthy, in 2017 98.00 is healthy. Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perkembangan kesehatan bank pada PT Bank BCA Syariah Tbk dan untuk mengukur tingkat kesehatan PT Bank BCA Syariah Tbk pada tahun 2013-2017 dengan menggunakan rasio CAMEL yang meliputi aspek permodalan, aktiva produktif, manajemen, rentabilitas dan likuiditas. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini meliputi seluruh laporan keuangan PT Bank BCA Syariah periode tahun 2013 sampai dengan 2017, sedangkan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah laporan keuangan perusahaan berupa neraca dan laporan laba rugi PT. Bank BCA Syariah Tbk. periode 2013 sampai dengan 2017. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan metode CAMEL yang terdiri dari lima aspek, yaitu aspek permodalan menggunakan rasio CAR (Capital Adequacy Ratio), aspek kualitas aktiva produktif menggunakan rasio KAP (Kualitas Aktiva Produktif) dan PPAP (Penyisihan Penghapusan Aktiva Produktif), aspek manajemen menggunakan rasio NPM (Net Profit Margin), aspek rentabilitas menggunakan rasio ROA (Return On Assets) dan BOPO (Beban Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional), dan aspek likuiditas menggunakan rasio NCM-CA (Net Call Money to Current Assets) dan LDR (Loan to Deposit Ratio). Berdasarkan hasil penelitan yang telah dilakukan pada PT Bank BCA Syariah CAMEL pada tahun 2013 97,04 adalah sehat, tahun 2014 96,71 adalah sehat, tahun 2015 95,52 adalah sehat, tahun 2016 97,01 adalah sehat, tahun 2017 98,00 adalah sehat. Kata Kunci : Rasio Tingkat Kesehatan Bank, CAMEL
“WAIT AND SEE” OR “FEAR OF FLOATING”?

This paper studies the evolution of China’s exchange rate policy using real options theory. With intervention costs and ongoing uncertainty, intervention involves the exercise of an option. Increased uncertainty increases the value of this option. This “wait and see” effect leads the Central Bank to widen its intervention band. However, increased volatility also produces larger fluctuations in welfare, which creates a “fear of floating. ” This induces the Central Bank to set a tighter band. To study this trade-off, our paper incorporates stochastic volatility into a new Keynesian target zone model and then calibrates it to data from China. We find that increased uncertainty leads to a tighter intervention band, both in the data and in the model. Hence, in China, “fear of floating” appears to dominate the “wait and see” effect.
Size-dependency effect on design of harmonic AFM probe in the modified couple stress theory

Abstract The mathematical model of an AFM nonuniform probe in the modified couple stress theory is derived here. The analytical method is proposed to design the configuration of the AFM probe satisfying the integer-multiples relation among frequencies. The varying cross-section of the probe is tuned to match the specific requirement. One discovers two similarity conditions such that the integer-multiples relation is kept in spite of the size-dependency parameter. Moreover, the relations among the natural frequencies, the effective spring constant and the geometry parameters are discovered. The specific frequencies and spring constant can be obtained by tuning the probe parameters via the relations.
Comparison of the long-term forecasting method of RSSI by machine learning

: In order to improve the efficiency of spectrum use, systems that share spectrum while avoiding interference between different systems are being investigated. In the millimeter-wave band, which is expected to be utilized in the future, the received power fluctuates due to quasi-static obstructions such as people and vehicles, but such temporal variations have not been taken into account in conventional methods. In this paper, we use a variety of machine learning algorithms for comparative evaluation to forecast the temporal fluctuations of radio propagation due to changes in the number of people and vehicles in order to achieve more dynamic spectrum access.
Computational Biology and Machine Learning Approaches to Study Mechanistic Microbiomehost Interactions

1. Abstract The microbiome, by virtue of its interactions with the host, is implicated in various host functions including its influence on inflammation, nutrition, and homeostasis. Although driven by a complex combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, many chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer, Inflammatory Bowel Disease among others are characterized by a disruption of microbial communities in at least one biological niche/organ system. Various molecular mechanisms between microbial and host components such as proteins, RNAs, metabolites etc have recently been elucidated, thus filling many gaps in our understanding of how the microbiome modulates host processes. Concurrently, high throughput technologies have enabled the profiling of heterogeneous datasets capturing community level changes in the microbiome as well as the host responses. However, due to pragmatic limitations with respect to parallel sampling and analytical procedures, big gaps still exist in terms of how the microbiome mechanistically influences host functions at a systems and community level. In the past decade, various computational biology and machine learning methodologies and approaches have been developed with an aim to fill these existing gaps. Due to the agnostic nature of the tools, they have been applied in various disease contexts to analyze and infer the interactions between the microbiome and host molecular components, and in the case of a few selected tools, on downstream host processes. Generally, most of the tools are enabled by frameworks to statistically or mechanistically integrate different types of -omic and meta -omic datasets followed by functional/biological interpretation. In this review, we provide an overview of the landscape of computational approaches for investigating mechanistic microbiome-host interactions
Photochemical impacts on the toxicity of PM2.5

Abstract Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is one of the main pollutants in the atmosphere and poses a huge threat to public health. Secondary aerosol pollutants that are formed by precursor pollutants in the atmosphere represent a large proportion of PM2.5; furthermore, photochemical reactions play an important role in their transformation processes. This review systematically presents the chemical and toxicological transformations of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA), and metal species in PM2.5 under photochemical conditions. Specifically, major SOAs and SIAs are observed to be formed from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and sulfur/nitrogen oxides through photochemical reactions, while metal species in PM2.5 participate in a series of photochemical reactions. Additionally, we compare the toxicities of precursor pollutants with their secondary pollutants after photochemical reactions. In general, major SOAs are found to be more toxic than their precursors, while major SIAs are less toxic than their precursors. As different metal species have different toxicities, changes in their toxicities after photoreaction depend on the specific metal and the photochemical reaction. By demonstrating that photochemical reactions can affect the toxicities of PM2.5 components, this review provides a promising perspective toward reducing air pollution and its health risks by investigating the related photochemical reactions. Graphical abstract
Timing of Breeding Events of the Lesser Spotted Eagle Clanga pomarina as Revealed by Remote Cameras and GPS-tracking

Proper timing of events in the annual cycle is essential for successful breeding in birds, especially in long-distance migrants. In this study, the phenology of the main breeding phases, including arrival at and departure from the nesting site, is reported for a Lesser Spotted Eagle population. Most data were gathered by 12 to 22 trail cameras annually installed at eagle nests. Additional information was obtained from two web cameras and up to nine GPS-tracked birds. Arrival and departure dates fluctuated between years, but no temporal trends were detected. There was no significant sex-dependent difference in mean arrival time; however, males departed significantly later than females and thus spent longer at the nesting site. Timing of egg-laying was determined solely by the arrival of the later partner. Breeding phenology of the Lesser Spotted Eagle is rather similar across its distribution range, although breeding tends to be earlier at the southern range limit.
Isolamento e avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana de fungos endofíticos de açaizeiro

Os fungos endofiticos sao microrganismos que habitam o interior vegetal e sao potenciais fontes de compostos, com capacidade de aplicacao na industria, agricultura e medicina, alem de atuarem em simbiose com seus hospedeiros. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo isolar fungos endofiticos de acaizeiro ( Euterpe precatoria Mart) e avaliar seu potencial quanto a producao de substâncias antimicrobianas com tecnica de difusao em disco, frente a Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 e Klensiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603. Para isso, foram coletadas amostras de folhas, caules e raizes de acaizeiro para o isolamento dos fungos. Cinquenta fungos foram isolados, sendo possivel identificar seis generos distintos: Colletotrichum , Guignardia , Penicillium , Ulocladium, Fusarium e Aspergillus sp. Para a deteccao da atividade antimicrobiana, dois fungos isolados (C 4 e R 13 ) apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana frente a bacteria S. aureus ATCC 25923. Assim, os dados indicaram especies produtoras de substâncias bioativas com forte potencial antimicrobiano.
Population and Behavior Surveys of Long-Tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) in the Old Town, Lopburi Province

Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) in the old town, Lopburi province rapid increase in their number as well nuisance activities. Strategies and management plans of Lopburi province, Thailand need to be developed and enacted in order to remedy some of the problems occurring in human-macaque interface zones. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the macaque number and behavior, a survey on their population number and behavior was conducted from November, 2014 to May, 2015. Population estimation of long-tailed macaque was done by surveying seven macaque groups in the old town, Lopburi province: Prang Sam Yot shrine (GR1) Malai Rama theatre (GR2), Van station (GR3), Chayowanich building (GR4), Muang Thong hotel (GR5), Manora market (GR6) and Sengheng building (GR7). The identified macaque groups were visited during dusk or dawn and visual counts of each group were made carefully from close distance. One-way ANOVA, followed by Least Significant Difference (LSD) method was used for analysis of differences in macaque population number. Total estimated macaque population of seven groups range was between 1,920 and 2,080. Group size ranged from 70 to 700 individuals. Male and female sex ratio was estimated at 1:1.3. Behavior of M. fascicularis was observed by using scan sampling method for 216 hours during November, 2014 to May, 2015. The high levels frequency of behavior between macaque and macaque was feeding (20%) and inactive (29%). Food-related interaction (32%) was the highest frequency of behavior between macaque and human. Results suggested that factors related to macaque number and behavior for could be related to dietary resources. Moreover, feeding, playing, agonistic, moving, defecation and food-related interaction behavior were high frequency at period of 9 am. Conflicting, aggression and vocalization behavior were shown the most percentage of behavior frequency at 10 am and 4 pm. This data will be useful for management of respective locales was recommended to formulate practical strategies to avoid or decrease the interaction between macaque and human. The macaque population needs to be monitored and studied in depth to better understand their dynamics and behavioral adaptations to this old town.
MUHA Project: Forming a Roadmap for Disaster-Safer Communities Moving from Response to Resilience

Drinking water distribution networks are among the most resilient infrastructure systems to disasters, specifically hazards such as accidental pollution, floods, droughts, earthquakes, and pandemics. Water operators experiencing these kinds of hazards should focus on the establishment of more effective response systems. The paper presents the outputs and results of improving response time and effectiveness of the capacity developed by national, bilateral, and EU Civil Protection mechanisms. The methodology used for the hazard risk assessment procedures and the analysis of the Water Safety Plans (WSPs) lead to improved preparedness mechanisms. The results showed that water use efficiency is a key component in resiliency.
Core principles of grounded theory in a systematic review of environmental education for secondary students

ABSTRACT As systematic reviews (SRs) of research increase in number, the methods used to conduct the analyses are becoming more diversified. While named in the methodological literature as an analytical approach, grounded theory (GT) is not frequently used as an approach in SRs; when it is, reviewers typically emphasize the use of GT coding and constant comparative methods while ignoring other key components of GT. In this article, we describe an SR of environmental education research that incorporated GT methodology to produce a theoretical model. To contribute to emerging discussions about methodological integrity when combining distinct methods like SRs and GT, we outline how our review methods aligned with core principles of GT and discuss implications of using GT when conducting an SR.
Correlation between substrate selection and body color of neotropical katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)

Leaf mimesis is the most common form of predator avoidance displayed by neotropical katydids. Such camouflage is expressed through various body and colour forms to resemble different leaf shapes within the rainforest. The objective of this work was to determine if roosting katydids select vegetation the same colour as their body during the day, and if this pattern differs in the nighttime. I sampled katydids from the Monteverde Cloud Forest (Puntarenas, Costa Rica) by hand capture during the night and released them during the day, noting behaviour and final roosting vegetation. In total, I collected 61 katydids consisting of two monomorphic genera (Idiarthon, n = 16, Lophaspis, n = 8), and two polymorphic genera (Mimetica, n = 12, Orophus, n = 25). I generated contingency tables of counts for monomorphic and polymorphic katydid genera, comparing body colour to daytime and nighttime roosting substrate colour, and vegetation type. I then conducted chi‐squared goodness‐of‐fit tests on the contingency tables. My results suggest that during the day, both monomorphic and polymorphic species select vegetation which matches their body, however, this pattern is absent during the nighttime. However, species within the leaf‐mimicking genus Mimetica displayed no colour‐matching behaviours during the day. This study is the first quantitative analysis of behavioural colour‐matching of neotropical katydids and provides useful insight into katydid functional coloration and evolution.
Mandible strike kinematics of the trap‐jaw ant genus
 Anochetus
 Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

High-speed power-amplification mechanisms are common throughout the animal kingdom. In ants, power-amplified trap-jaw mandibles have evolved independently at least four times, including once in the subfamily Ponerinae which contains the sister genera Odontomachus and Anochetus. In Odontomachus, mandible strikes have been relatively well described and can occur in <0.15 ms and reach speeds of over 60 m s(-1). In contrast, the kinematics of mandible strikes have not been examined in Anochetus, whose species are smaller and morphologically distinct from Odontomachus. In this study, we describe the mandible strike kinematics of four species of Anochetus representative of the morphological, phylogenetic, and size diversity present within the genus. We also compare their strikes to two representative species of Odontomachus. We found that two species, Anochetus targionii and Anochetus paripungens, have mandible strikes that overall closely resemble those found in Odontomachus, reaching a mean maximum rotational velocity and acceleration of around 3.7 x 10(4) rad s(-1) and 8.5 x 10(8) rad s(-2), respectively. This performance is consistent with predictions based on body size scaling relationships described for Odontomachus. In contrast, Anochetus horridus and Anochetus emarginatus have slower strikes relative to the other species of Anochetus and Odontomachus, reaching mean maximum rotational velocity and acceleration of around 1.3 x 10(4) rad s(-1) and 2 x 10(8) rad s(-2), respectively. This variation in strike performance among species of Anochetus likely reflects differences in evolutionary history, physiology, and natural history among species.