Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Routledge History of Childhood in the Western World

Introduction. Is There a Story in the History of Childhood? Paula S. Fass. Part I Childhood in the Ancient World, the Middle Ages and Early Modern Europe. 1.1 Childhood in the Ancient World up to Christianity. Keith Bradley 1.2. Childhood in Judaism and Christianity. Margaret King 1.3. Childhood in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Europe. Joanne Ferraro 1.4. Childhood and the Enlightenment: The Complications of Innocence. Larry Wolff Part II Creating Childhoods in the Western World Since 1600. 2.1. Parents and Children. Julia Grant 2.2. Children's Work in Countryside and City. Colin Heywood 2.3. Children and War. James Marten 2.4. The Emotional Life of Children. Peter Stearns 2.5. Children and the State. James Schmidt 2.6. The Vexed History of Children and Sex. Beth Bailey. 2.7. Age, Schooling and Life Stages. Stephen Lassonde 2.8. Adolescence. Don Romesburg 2.9. The Physical Spaces of Childhood. Marta Gutman 2.10. Games, Toys and Play. Gary Cross 2.11. Children and Consumption. Daniel Thomas Cook 2.12. Picturing Children in the Modern West. Anne Higonnet 2.13. Children's Literature. Maria Nikolajeva. Part III Special Children at Special Times or Places 3.1. Children in North American Slavery. Steven Mintz 3.2. Mixed Race Children in the American West. Anne Hyde 3.3. Infanticide and Abortion in Sweden. Bengt Sandin 3.4. Dependent Children, Social Welfare, and the Rights of Children. Ivan Jablonka 3.5. Children as Vagrants, Vagabonds, and Thieves. Timothy Gilfoyle 3.6. Scouting and Other Organizations for Children and Youth. Jay Mechlin 3.7. Children in the Great Depression in the United States. Kriste Lindenmeyer 3.8. Childhood in Nazi Germany. Dirk Schumann 3.9. International Child Saving. Dominique Marshall 3.10. Latin American Childhoods. Nara Milanich
Statistical arbitrage on the KOSPI 200: An exploratory analysis of classification and prediction machine learning algorithms for day trading

In this study, several machine learning methods on the representative stock market index of South Korea and the Korean Composite Stock Price Index (KOSPI) 200 were tested as machine learning has become ubiquitous in the financial field for asset selection. Compared to other major global stock markets, KOSPI has remained relatively flat over time. Despite the extremely low overall market growth, all of the tested models experienced annualized returns between 2.4 and 7.5 times the KOSPI 200 index over the same period. Even after applying an overestimated 0.5% transaction fee per daily trade the models beat out the market by a notable margin. While all tested models outperformed the market significantly, some models outcompeted the other tested models. A highlight of the present research is determining whether predicting class labels or predicting values is preferable in machine learning-driven daily trading algorithms. Four classification models logistic regression, random forest, deep neural network, gradient-boosted trees are compared to four prediction models multiple regression, random forest, deep neural network, gradient-boosted regression trees. Additionally, an equally-weighted ensemble of the classification models is compared to an equally weighted ensemble of the prediction models. Of the total of ten models, classification techniques which tend to outcompete prediction techniques by a slight margin was shown, and all models outperform the market.
Automatic Infant Cry Pattern Classification for a Multiclass Problem

Crying is the only way of communication for infants to express their physical and emotional needs. Automatic infant cry analysis that provides fast and non-invasive process is suitable to assess the physical and emotional states of infants. The cry analysis provides an opportunity to understand infants’ needs. It is also beneficial in clinical environment for identifying specific pathologies through infant cry. This paper presents an automatic infant cry classification system for a multiclass problem. The cry classification system consists of three stages: (1) feature extraction, (2) feature selection, and (3) pattern classification. We extracted spectral features, such as Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) and Linear Prediction Cepstral Coefficients (LPCC) to represent the acoustic characteristics of the cry signals. In addition, the combination of spectral and dynamic features was also investigated. Due to the high dimensionality of data resulting from the feature extraction stage, we selected relevant features to perform feature selection to reduce the data dimensionality. In this stage, five different feature selection techniques were experimented. In the pattern classification stage, two Artificial Neural Network (ANN) architectures: Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN) were used for classifying the cry signals into five categories: asphyxia, pain, hunger, deaf, and normal. Experimental results show that the best classification accuracy of 93.43% (Kappa value of 0.91) was obtained from MFCC + ∆MFCC + ∆∆MFCC feature set, when using CFS selection technique and RBFN.
WHAT DRIVES REGIONAL EXPORT PERFORMANCE? COMPARING THE RELATIVE SIGNIFICANCE OF MARKET DETERMINED AND INTERNAL RESOURCE FACTORS

Previous analysis of networking activities among SME exporters in regional NSW, Australia indicates that they tended to be isolated entrepreneurs, who relied primarily on their internal innovation and marketing capacities rather than on local networks and clusters as suggested by regional development theory (Vaessen and Keeble, 1995). Many of these firms were small, new 'born global' firms that had entered world markets with an innovative niche product and helped by the very low Australian exchange rates prevailing at that time. To be a successful exporter, the small firm must acquire sufficient resources to cover the higher risks of operating in international markets, as well as adopt strategies that are consistent with prevailing market conditions. In this study, SME exporters are divided into four categories based on their growth performance between 1996/97 and 2000/01: negative, modest, good and fast. Each group is analysed to determine the relationship between their export growth performance and a series of market orientated and internal resource variables. This analysis is performed using logistical equation models, controlling for a number of structural variables. Key findings were that export growth increased in line with export intensity. Fast and good export growth was associated with the use of partnerships and collaborations and foreign direct investment, while these factors were either insignificant or negative for the other firms. Most of the fast growth firms were new exporters or 'born global' and tended to use early stage export strategies, while for the larger good and modest growth firms, introducing equity was positively associated with export growth. Most types of R&D were positively associated with good export growth. Adapting products from the market and developing technology in partnerships were also associated with export growth. Good export growth performance was associated with strategies focusing on client service, flexible production, technical innovation and product quality. Their marketing strategies were based on innovation but also recognised the importance of price (low exchange rates) and product quality in achieving export sales.
Efficient Media Digital Library of Summarized Video based on Scalable Video Coding for H.264 (MDLSS): Design and Implementation

With the fast progress of wireless networks bandwidth and mobile devices, large scale digital video library systems are growing rapidly. However, the huge increasing of content and the data intensive nature of video make the management and browsing of video collections, as well as their search and retrieval, increasingly difficult. The need of having a media digital library is essential these days with intelligent tools for indexing the video with allocating the suitable metadata that describe the content of such videos and appropriate tools for retrieving the archived video with fast techniques. These will be achieved in 3 steps, working on the stream coding with multi bit rates and methods of handling, representing the video with summarized stream carrying the same information of the full stream and deriving a media digital library for indexing and retrieval process. The first step, stream handling, will address implementing scalable video techniques which set the bit rate according to the required application and the delivery devices. Scalable video coding offers a solution for meeting such heterogeneous requirements. The second step, video summarization, plays an important role in this context; it makes navigation easier and provides the user with a quick idea about the content. Another issue is that the same video content can be accessed from a wide variety of terminal devices which differ with respect to bandwidth limitation, decoding complexity, power constraints and screen size. The third step is implementing a media digital library for storing the code and/ or the summarized video based on Media Asset management system. The main contribution of this paper is to explore the use of scalable video coding and video summarization techniques to enhancing a digital video library and the integration between these 3 modules. Keywords-Video processing; Scalable video coding; Video summarization; Digital library.
Nonequilibrium Transport through a Kondo Dot: Decoherence Effects.

We investigate the effects of voltage induced spin-relaxation in a quantum dot in the Kondo regime. Using nonequilibrium perturbation theory, we determine the joint effect of self-energy and vertex corrections to the conduction electron T-matrix in the limit of transport voltage much larger than temperature. The logarithmic divergences, developing near the different chemical potentials of the leads, are found to be cut off by spin-relaxation rates, implying that the nonequilibrium Kondoproblem remains at weak coupling as long as voltage is much larger than the Kondo temperature.
p160 co-regulators TIF2 and SRC1 control fibre type composition in skeletal muscle

The Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds does not intervene in the scientific work of its scholarship holders who, together with their supervisors, decide whether new findings should induce them to modify or alter their original goals. To what extent intentions and results correspond at the end of their scholarship is demonstrated in the final account rendered by the scholarship holders. They give a brief account of their scientific publications which have appeared in renowned international journals.
Desiccation sensitivity from different coffee seed phenological stages 1

Maturity stage and drying method are the factors that most influence coffee seed quality. The objective of this study was to assess the physiological quality and investigate the electrophoretic patterns of catalase and endo-s-mannanase enzymes and heat resistant proteins in coffee seeds harvested at different phenological stages and dried under different conditions. Physiological quality was assessed when the seeds had developed the green, greenish-yellow, cherry, overripe and dry stages after three treatments: no drying, conventional drying and fast drying. After each treatment, the physiological quality of the seeds was assessed using the germination test and electrophoretic patterns of heat resistant proteins and the activity of catalase and endo-s-mannanase enzymes. Seeds harvested at the cherry phenological stage had the best physiological quality, and the drying process reduced quality at the cherry, overripe and dry stages. This reduction was greater under the faster drying process, but at the greenish-yellow stage, seeds had better physiological quality after slow drying. Regarding the results from electrophoretic analysis, endo-s-mannanase and catalase activities increase as the ripeness stages advance; the activity of endo-s-mannanase is directly associated with the deterioration process; the expression of heat resistant proteins increases with maturation process and is associated with seed physiological quality.
Analysis of a Krylov subspace enhanced parareal algorithm for linear problems

The parareal algorithm is a numerical method to integrate evolution problems on parallel computers. The performance of the algorithm is well understood for diffusive problems, and it can have spectacular performance when applied to certain non-linear problems. Its convergence properties are however less favorable for hyperbolic problems. We present and analyze in this paper a variant of the parareal algorithm, recently proposed in the PITA framework for systems of second order ordinary differential equations.
Method of Supplementation May Affect Cattle Grazing Patterns

Abstract Supplement placement can be used to manipulate livestock grazing patterns. The objective of this case study was to compare the effect of low-moisture blocks (LMB) and range cake (barley-based cylindrical cubes, 2 cm in diameter, and 2 to 8 cm long) supplementation on cattle grazing patterns in Montana foothill rangeland. One group of nonlactating cows (n = 79) was fed cake 3 times per week (1.8 kg · cow−1 · feeding−1), and the other group (n = 81) had continuous access to LMB in separate pastures using a crossover design. Movement patterns of cows were recorded with global positioning system collars during four periods (2 wk · period−1) during autumn. Range cake was fed on accessible areas, and LMB were placed in higher and steeper terrain. Intake of LMB averaged (mean ± SE) 318 ± 50 g · d−1. Cows fed LMB (8.07° ± 0.20°) were observed on steeper slopes (P = 0.08) than cows fed range cake (6.96° ± 0.19°). Forage utilization decreased as slope increased to a greater degree when range cake was fed than when LMB was fed (P = 0.001). Cows spent more time (P = 0.05) within 100 m of LMB (274 ± 23 min · d−1) than at range cake feeding sites (67 ± 24 min · d−1). Strategic placement of LMB on high, steep terrain appears to be a more practical and effective approach than traditional hand-feeding range cake on intermediate terrain to improve uniformity of cattle grazing on rugged rangeland.
Impulsive Flocking of Dynamical Multiagent Systems with External Disturbances

Flocking motion of multiagent systems is influenced by various external disturbances in complex environment. By applying disturbance observer, flocking of multiagent systems with exogenous disturbances is studied. Based on the robust features of impulsive control, a distributed impulsive control protocol is presented with disturbance observer, and flocking motion of multiagent systems is analyzed. Moreover, a sufficient condition is obtained to ensure the flocking motion of multiagent systems following a leader. Finally, simulation results show the validity of the theoretical conclusion.
SpaceRank: Using PageRank to estimate location importance

The recent advance of Web 2.0 and the rapid development of online social websites have created a large interest in the collection and analysis of social data. Although social data mining is usually done on the Web, social data do not exist in the virtual world only, but also in the physical one. Mining real people positions can allow to derive the importance, or popularity, of places in the real world. The collected data can be useful for many applications. In this paper we define SpaceRank, an approach to mining people positions, on the basis of the PageRank algorithm. Preliminary experimental results show that SpaceRank computes a notion of location importance that seems reasonable and is different from more classical indexes.
Optimal Power Constrained Distributed Detection over a Noisy Multiaccess Channel

The problem of optimal power constrained distributed detection over a noisy multiaccess channel (MAC) is addressed. Under local power constraints, we define the transformation function for sensor to realize the mapping from local decision to transmitted waveform. The deflection coefficient maximization (DCM) is used to optimize the performance of power constrained fusion system. Using optimality conditions, we derive the closed-form solution to the considered problem. Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed new method. Simulation results show that the proposed method could significantly improve the detection performance of the fusion system with low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We also show that the proposed new method has a robust detection performance for broad SNR region.
VALIDATION AND VERIFICATION OF STEADY RESISTANCE KCS SIMULATIONS WITH SINKAGE AND TRIM USING EMBEDDED FREE SURFACE METHOD Inno Gatin (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Croatia)

This paper presents detailed validation and verification study for the KCS in calm water conditions. Validation is performed by comparing the resistance, sinkage and trim with experimental data for six Froude numbers, while verification is performed for each case by assessing grid and iterative uncertainties. A single set of governing equations for water and air is used where jump conditions at the free surface are used to discretise discontinuous density and dynamic pressure fields. Volume of Fluid (VOF) method is used for interface capturing, and the k–ω SST model is used for turbulence modelling. Ship motion is solved with quaternion based six degrees–of–freedom (6 DOF) rigid body motion equations. The method is implemented in the Naval Hydro pack based on foam– extend, a community driven fork of OpenFOAM software.
Text-Independent Voice based Attendance System under Multi-speaker and Noisy Environments

Background: With the rapid growth of the access to information systems at the beginning of the current century it has become increasingly important to ensure secure access of information by the intended user. Recently voice based biometric identification system dominates all other forms of person identification to provide secured information access. Voice based attendance system is going to emerge one of the important applications of voice based speaker identification system. But voice based systems suffer when the voice signal obtained is not noise-free and when it is multispeaker voice signal consisting of more than one speech signals in a single signal. Objective: To resolve the challenges imposed by noisy environment and multi-speaker speaking condition we propose the combined use of source separation followed by RASTA-MFCC processing along with Quadrilateral filter bank design. Results: The performance of the speaker identification system with proposed quadrilateral filter bank structure is compared with different conventional filter bank structures. GMM-UBM modeling technique is used for its faster training and relatively easier updating of new speakers unlike other modeling techniques. Experimental result for 50 speakers of MEPCO speech database in the presence of additive and convolutive noise shows an accuracy of 94.5% for Triangular filter bank and 96% for Gaussian filter bank structure and 97.67% for the newly designed Quadrilateral filter bank structure. Conclusion: We propose to use a quadrilateral filter bank structure in feature extraction, which can capture more energy form low frequency speech signals and aids to improve the speaker identification accuracy.
Modelling exposure to pharmaceutical agents

Aerosol exposure to the active ingredients of pharmaceuticals arises in research, development and manufacturing. In most instances it is only possible to make small numbers of measurements of exposure and given the inter- and intra-individual variability it is often difficult to obtain sufficient objective data to make reliable decisions about the appropriateness of control measures. This paper describes the development and validation of an exposure model with the potential to predict airborne exposure from both new and existing operations. The model could be used to more efficiently target exposure measurement resources.
The Extraction of Comment Information and Sentiment Analysis in Chinese Reviews

Abstract Sentiment analysis, also known as opinion mining, refers to the emotional tendencies expressed by the critics through the analysis of the content of the text. The task of text sentiment analysis mainly includes the classification of sentiment, the extraction of sentiment information and the retrieval and induction of sentiment information. Based on CRF, this paper will extract several pairs of theme words and sentiment words exist in the e-commerce review, and judge the sentiment inclination of the extracted sentiment words. The experimental results show that CRF has a good effect on the extraction of emotional information.
Marriage in Honey Bees Optimization Algorithm for Flow-Shop Problems

The objective of this work is to make a comparative study of the Marriage in Honeybees Op-timization (MBO) metaheuristic for flow-shop scheduling problems. This paper is focused on the design possibilities of the mating flight space shared by queens and drones. The proposed algorithm uses a 2-dimensional torus as an explicit mating space instead of the simulated an-nealing one in the original MBO. After testing different alternatives with benchmark datasets, the results show that the modeled and implemented metaheuristic is effective to solve flow-shop type problems, providing a new approach to solve other NP-Hard problems.
The Contribution of Severe Malnutrition to Child Mortality in Rural Bangladesh: Implications for Targeting Nutritional Interventions

The contribution of severe malnutrition to child mortality was examined in a rural Bangladeshi population of 200,000 under intensive demographic surveillance. In 1986–1987 one-third of all the deaths in children between 6 and 36 months of age were associated with severe malnutrition, and 79% of those deaths were associated with persistent diarrhoea. The relative risk of dying from diarrhoea among severely malnourished children, as opposed to those who were not severely malnourished, was 17. The attributable risk was 49%. For all causes of death combined, the relative risk was 8 and the attributable risk 30%. Sixty per cent of all deaths in this age group occurred during the five post-monsoon months. The risk of dying from severe malnutrition was more than twice as high among girls as among boys. The specific mortality due to severe malnutrition was significantly lower in the half of the surveillance area covered by an intensive mother-child health and family planning (MCH-FP) programme than in the half covered by the regular national health services, suggesting the programme's effectiveness.