Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Xiphinema iranicum n. sp. (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from north-western Iran.

Xiphinema iranicum n. sp. is described from soil samples collected about the rhizosphere of Rosa sp. growing in a natural mountainous region close to Maragheh city, north-western Iran. The new species belongs to group 6 of the polytomous key to species identification and is unique by having a medium body length (3.8-4.3 mm), odontostyle length of 141-162 μm, odontophore length of 90-98 μm, mid-body diam. of 69-88 μm, presence of spines in the uterus and a hemispherical to conoid tail with a rounded terminus or minute bulge. It resembles X. ingens, X. aceri, X. aequum, X. smoliki, X. illyricum, X. macedonicum and X. vuittenezi but differs from X. aceri and X. aequum by having different tail shape, longer odontophore, lower ratio a, higher ratio c and lower ratio c′. Compared to X. ingens and X. smoliki, it differs by having lower ratio a, lower ratio b, spines in uterus vs crystalline bodies plus pseudo Z-organ in X. ingens and spines plus pseudo Z-organ in X. smoliki and also by the presence of rare males, and, finally, it can be distinguished from X. vuittenezi by body and odontostyle length, characters of juveniles and molecular differences. The new species has similar polytomous identification codes to X. illyricum and X. macedonicum but can be differentiated from both by longer body, higher ratio c, higher V, longer odontostyle and odontophore and larger body diam. at mid-body and anus level. Ribosomal gene 18S rDNA and ITS1 of X. iranicum n. sp. , X. aceri, X. montenegrinum and X. macedonicum, all obtained from north-western Iran in the same survey, were sequenced to investigate the phylogenetic relationships with other sequenced Xiphinema species.
The Chinese Warrants Bubble: Evidence from Brokerage Account Records

We use brokerage account records to study trading during the Chinese put warrants bubble and find evidence consistent with extrapolative theories of speculative asset price bubbles. We identify the event that started the bubble and show that investors engaged in a form of feedback trading based on their own past returns. The interaction of feedback trading with the precipitating event caused additional buying and price increases in a feedback loop, and estimates of the trading volume due to this mechanism explain prices and returns during the bubble.
Differences in the Ratios of Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and Cyanidin-3-O-rutinocide to Total Anthocyanin under UV and Non-UV Conditions in Tartary Buckwheat(Fagopyrum tataricum Garten)

Abstract Anthocyanins play beneficial roles in plant growth and development such as the reduction of photo-oxidative damage to leaf cells. Tartary buckwheat contains two anthocyanins, namely, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, which are accumulated in the stems and leaves. In order to clarify which type of anthocyanin is accumulated at different nodal positions, we investigated the type of anthocyanin and their contents in buckwheat stems using HPLC. The anthocyanins detected were identified as cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside by comparison with the retention times and co-chromatography with the standard solutions. The contents of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside at the proximal stem position were higher than those at the distal stem position. The ratio of each anthocyanin to total anthocyanin varied with the nodal positions. An outdoor study suggested that UV stress might influence the ratio of each anthocyanin to total anthocyanin. Consequently, we investigated these ratios in a growth chamber. The growth chamber study suggested that the ratio of cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside to total anthocyanin was higher under UV conditions than under non-UV conditions. These results indicate that cyanidin-3-O-glucoside accumulates in a small amount and that cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside accumulates in a large amount in young organs that suffer from strong UV stress. Cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside may have a UV-protective effect and tartary buckwheat may accumulate cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside systematically to afford effective protection against UV stress.
Phylogenetic Analysis of Phyllospadix iwatensis Based on Nucleotide Sequences Encoding 18S rRNA and ITS-1

Seagrasses are marine angiosperms of ecological importance in providing shelter and food to aquatic species as well as maintaining the carbon cycle on earth. Phyllospadix iwatensis is a seagrass of the family Zosteraceae and is distributed along the eastern coast of Korea. The nucleotide sequences of P. iwatensis nuclear genes encoding 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) were determined for molecular phylogenetic analysis. Genomic DNA was isolated from P. iwatensis and used for PCR amplification of 18S rRNA and ITS-1. Examination of the 18S rRNA sequence of P. iwatensis showed a close (99% similarity) relationship to Zostera noltii, another genus of Zosteraceae, but a distant (84% similarity) evolutionary relationship to other macroalgal Laminariales species. Further discrepancies found in ITS-1 nucleotide sequences between closely related species indicate that the sequence information could be used for species identification.
Impact of Land-Based Sources On Marine Environment: Phytoplankton Blooms Within an Annual Cycle

Abstract The discharge water into the western region of Alexandria (Egypt), creates suitable conditions for the acceleration of the phytoplankton growth; daily replenishment of nutrients and development of density stratified water column. Water transparency and ammonia concentrations seem to be affecting the variations of the numerical standing crop. Eight phytoplankton bloom pulses of different causative species were observed. Asterionella glacialis represents a newly recorded red tide species in the neritic waters of Alexandria.
Effective pollen dispersal is enhanced by the genetic structure of an Aesculus turbinata population

1 Studies using highly informative genetic markers (e.g. microsatellites) have revealed effective movement of genes through pollen grains from more distant sources into offspring than those inferred on the basis of physical pollen movement alone. In order to identify the factors that cause such effective pollen movement in tree populations, analyses of the genetic structure of reproductive trees and parentage analyses for seedlings and saplings were conducted in a 110‐ha population of Aesculus turbinata, a tall deciduous tree species that is pollinated by insects and has large seeds that are dispersed by gravity and small mammals. 2 By analysing genotypes of seed coats, which are identical to those of the seed parents, and of leaves from seedlings, pollen donors and seed parents were identified for seedlings. Differences in size and dispersal mode between pollen and seeds caused a significant difference in dispersal distances. Reflecting the restricted seed dispersal (25.3 m on average), there was significant positive relatedness between reproductive trees standing within 150 m of each other. 3 The percentage of self‐pollinated offspring decreased from 8.3% at the seedling stage to 0.56% at the sapling stage. The disappearance of out‐crossed individuals during the stage between seedling and sapling seemed to be associated with the spatial distance separating their parents: the proportion of juvenile trees that died was higher for those that originated from out‐crosses between adults standing within 100 m of each other, where positive relatedness was found between adult trees. Consequently, the deaths of individuals arising from self‐pollination events and from crosses between reproductive trees that were spatially adjacent caused longer effective pollen movement for the offspring that survived. The distance between the two parents of a tree, which indicates the distance of effective pollen movement, increased from 179.9 m for seedlings to 288.9 m for saplings. 4 The genetic structure of the adult population of A. turbinata affected the survival of offspring through biparental inbreeding depression, and, then, removal of individuals resulting from crosses between related adults in turn promoted effective pollination over longer distances.
Food Image Classification with Improved MobileNet Architecture and Data Augmentation

The real-world food image is a challenging problem for food image classification, because food images can be captured from different perspective and patterns. Also, many objects can appear in the image, not just foods. To recognize food images, in this paper, we propose a modified MobileNet architecture that is applies the global average pooling layers to avoid overfitting the food images, batch normalization, rectified linear unit, dropout layers, and the last layer is softmax. The state-of-the-art and the proposed MobileNet architectures are trained according to the fine-tuned model. The experimental results show that the proposed version of the MobileNet architecture achieves significantly higher accuracies than the original MobileNet architecture. The proposed MobileNet architecture significantly outperforms other architectures when the data augmentation techniques are combined.
A Parallel Evolutionary System for Multi-objective Optimisation

Parallel evolutionary algorithms have been used for solving multiobjective optimization problems. The aim is to find or approximate the Pareto optimal set in a reasonable time. In this work, we present a new approach that divides the objective search-space into different partitions and assigns each processor its corresponding partition. Each processor will try to find the set of solutions for its partition only. The sub-Pareto fronts will be combined later and the parallelisation approach is based on a mutli-start approach by having independent algorithm on every processor with its own starting points. Experimental results on well known test cases showed that the proposed method outperformed several state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithms regarding convergence to the true Pareto front and gave very competitive results when considering the hypervolume metric. Also, superlinear speedup results were achieved for all test functions.
Attaching mass to the upper arm can increase throw distance in a modified javelin throw.

PURPOSE The effectiveness of the whip-like coordination in throwing might be influenced by the inertial properties of the athlete's arm. This preliminary study investigated the acute effect of attaching mass to the upper arm on the distance achieved in a modified javelin throw. The aim was to identify the optimum upper arm mass that maximizes throw distance. METHODS Three well-trained adult male athletes performed maximum-effort throws with an 800-g javelin training ball. A wide range of masses (0-1.5 kg) were attached to the upper arm and a 2D video analysis was used to obtain measures of the projection variables for each attached mass. RESULTS All three athletes showed an effect of attached arm mass on throw distance, and with the optimum mass the athlete's throw distance was increased by 2.2 m, 1.2 m, and 0 m (7%, 4%, and 0%) respectively. The optimum mass was specific to the athlete (0.6 kg, 0.2 kg, and 0 kg) and changes in throw distance were mostly due to changes in release velocity rather than changes in release angle or release height. The experimental results were broadly similar to those obtained using a simple 2D mathematical model of throwing. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that some javelin throwers might see an increase in throwing performance when a mass is attached to their upper arm. However, the relationship between upper arm mass and throwing performance should be investigated further with studies on more athletes, projectiles of different mass, and other throwing events.
Prediction of Shear Strength of Soil Using Direct Shear Test and Support Vector Machine Model

Shear strength of soil, the magnitude of shear stress that a soil can maintain, is an important factor in geotechnical engineering.The main objective of this study is dedicated to the development of a machine learning algorithm, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM) to predict the shear strength of soil based on 6 input variables such as clay content, moisture content, specific gravity, void ratio, liquid limit and plastic limit.An important number of experimental measurements, including more than 500 samples was gathered from the Long Phu 1 power plant project’s technical reports. The accuracy of the proposed SVM was evaluated using statistical indicators such as the coefficient of correlation (R), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) over a number of 200 simulations taking into account the random sampling effect. Finally, the most accurate SVM model was used to interpret the prediction results due to Partial Dependence Plots (PDP). Validation results showed that SVM model performed well for prediction of soil shear strength (R = 0.9 to 0.95), and the moisture content, liquid limit and plastic limit were found as the three most affecting features to the prediction of soil shear strength.This study might help in quick and accurate prediction of soil shear strength for practical purposes in civil engineering.
Isolation of two arginine vasopressin-like factors from ganglia of Locusta migratoria

Tissues of Locusta migratoria are known to contain a material which crossreacts with an antibody against arginine vasopressin (AVP), and this factor has been correlated with the diuretic hormone of this species. In this paper, we report the isolation of two AVP-like factors from suboesophageal ganglia and thoracic ganglia of Locusta migratoria. The less abundant, more hydrophobic of these AVP-like factors shows diuretic activity in an assay where excretion of amaranth dye from Locusta migratoria hemolymph is used as the scoring criterion. After extracting a total of ∼ 51,000 ganglia with an acidic solvent, the crude extract was prepurified by batch adsorption/elution from disposable reversed-phase cartridges. The prepurified extract was then sequentially purified by reversed-phase liquid chromatography using solvent programs of substantially differing selectivity. The more abundant factor was isolated to apparent homogeneity in three steps, while the less abundant factor required four or five steps. Use of a C4 reversed-phase column minimized losses of the minor, more hydrophobic factor.
Evaluation of Detached Leaf Culture for Screening Peanuts for Leafspot Resistance

Abstract A detached leaf culturing technique has been proposed as a rapid and simple method for screening peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes for leafspot resistance. This study was conducted to (a) determine the effect of both leaf age and outdoor plant weathering on infection with Cercospora arachidicola Hori as measured by the detached leaf technique, (b) evaluate the resistance to early leafspot of several peanut genotypes in the field and in the greenhouse using the detached leaf technique, and (c) determine the relationship between leafspot resistance measured in the field and the greenhouse. The age of the leaf had a significant effect on leafspot resistance when evaluated using the detached leaf technique. Younger leaves averaged 11.4 lesions per leaflet compared to 5.6 lesions per leaflet for older leaves. The number of lesions per leaflet was similar for weathered and greenhouse-grown plants. PI 270806, PI 109839, Kanyoma, and PI 259679, four Virginia (ssp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) types, were.
Synonymy of Flavobacterium pectinovorum Dorey with Cytophaga johnsonae Stanier

Several authors have suggested that Flavobacterium pectinovorum Dorey 1959 should be removed from the genus Flavobacterium and that it might be a Cytophaga species. An extensive study of the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and antimicrobial lytic properties of the holotypic strain NCIB 9059 (ATCC 19366) of F. pectinovorum has revealed that it is more properly classified as Cytophaga johnsonae Stanier 1947. The guanine-plus-cytosine ratio of 33 mol% agrees with the range reported for C. johnsonae (30 to 35 mol%).
The use of miniaturized algal bioassays in comparison to the standard flask assay

Plastic test tubes and microplates were used in two miniaturized algal bioassays for comparison with a standard algal operational procedure in glass flasks. All three methods used spectrophotometrical measurements of growth of the green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata after 72 h. The EC50 values were determined from growth inhibition results for three metal compounds (CuSO 4 5H 2 O, ZnSO 4 ,7H 2 O. KMnO 4 ), one pesticide (trichlorphone), and eight pharmacological drugs (oxytetracycline hydrochloridum, peroxysulphate, toltrazuril, pyrrolidone, formaldehyde, sodium chloride, chloridochlornane, and benzensulphochloramidum). Good interprocedural concordance for chemicals were reported and the comparability of toxicity results was demonstrated also for the eight environmental samples. This comparative study describes and recommends two algal microbioassays that can be used as an alternative to the standard flask toxicity test with algae.
Peptide sequence tags for fast database search in mass-spectrometry.

Filtration techniques in the form of rapid elimination of candidate sequences while retaining the true one are key ingredients of database searches in genomics. Although SEQUEST and Mascot perform a conceptually similar task to the tool BLAST, the key algorithmic idea of BLAST (filtration) was never implemented in these tools. As a result MS/MS protein identification tools are becoming too time-consuming for many applications including search for post-translationally modified peptides. Moreover, matching millions of spectra against all known proteins will soon make these tools too slow in the same way that "genome vs genome" comparisons instantly made BLAST too slow. We describe the development of filters for MS/MS database searches that dramatically reduce the running time and effectively remove the bottlenecks in searching the huge space of protein modifications. Our approach, based on a probability model for determining the accuracy of sequence tags, achieves superior results compared to GutenTag, a popular tag generation algorithm. Our tag generating algorithm along with our de novo sequencing algorithm PepNovo can be accessed via the URL http://peptide.ucsd. edu/.
Evaluation of some Iranian wheat elite lines’ reaction to Septoria tritici leaf blotch

Septoria tritici blotch is an important wheat disease in many areas of the world including Iran’s warm, humid regions. In this study, reaction of 79 lines from elite regional wheat yield trials of the Cereal Research Department from four climate zones was evaluated to S. tritici leaf blotch in adult plant stage under an artificial field inoculation in Khuzestan province in the south of Iran for two years (2008–2009 and 2009–2010). Nurseries were artificially inoculated by spreading infected plant debris (from last growing season). Taking notes was performed with a modified Saari and Prescott method in 00–99 double-digit scale. Wheat lines were classified in groups of immune (00), highly resistant (11–14), resistant (15–34), moderately resistant (35–44), moderately susceptible (45–64), susceptible (65–84) and highly susceptible (85–99). Result showed that from 79 lines, 37 lines had susceptible reaction; 2 lines had moderately susceptible; and 40 lines showed immune.
On the status of the Hawaiian seahorses Hippocampus hilonis, H. histrix and H. fisheri (Syngnathidae)

Abstract Three species of seahorses of the genus Hippocampus are recognized within the Hawaiian Islands, H. kuda, H. fisheri and H. histrix. Based on molecular and morphological evidence H. kuda is treated here as two subspecies, the Hawaiian H. kuda hilonis and H. kuda kuda from elsewhere in the Indo-Pacific region. Molecular analysis also indicates that recent populations of H. kuda hilonis are not based on introduced fishes as their cytb sequence is identical to that of the H. hilonis holotype. Hippocampus fisheri is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. The Hawaiian record of H. histrix is based on a specimen collected from O‘ahu in 1877 and one reported from Maui in 1928. The specimens are identified correctly, and there is no reason to doubt these old records, illogical as they seem.
ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE AND JOB SATISFACTION FOR GENERAL EDUCATION TEACHERS IN SULTANATE OF OMAN

Teacher is considered as one of the most important bases upon which the educational system is based because he assumes the responsibility of preparing young children to be good citizens in the future, bringing them up on good manners and teaching them moral and noble values. So, the authorities concerned in the ministry of Education, in general and managers or head masters at schools in particular, must give due cares to create a more healthy atmosphere favorable to teachers while working at schools. This objective can be achieved through the principle of treating all teachers equally without discrimination and such treatment must be based upon justice. Moreover, they also must spare no effort to develop good working relation between them and the teachers from one hand and teachers with each other from the other hand.
Accumulation of different types of raspberry ringspot nepovirus particle in infected Nicotiana protoplasts

Nicotiana tabacum protoplasts inoculated with raspberry ringspot virus accumulated top component (T), middle component (M) and bottom component (B) particles progressively from about 20 h post-infection (p.i.) until at least 73 h p.i. ; the ratio between the amounts of T and B particles changed little during the multiplication cycle of the virus. In contrast, in raspberry ringspot virus-infected N. clevelandii protoplasts although the accumulation of T particles continued up to at least 91 h p.i. , the accumulation of B and M particles decreased greatly or ceased after about 60 h p.i. In either species of protoplast there was no evidence that T particles arose from B or M particles although some physical treatments did cause an apparent loss of nucleic acid from B and M particles.
Durability of Reinforced Concrete Beams under Simultaneous Flexural Load in Corrosive Environment

The deterioration of concrete over time is the result of various mechanical, physical, chemical and biological processes, with the corrosion of reinforcement being the most serious problem of durability of reinforced concrete structures. Over the last 50 years, a tremendous effort has been spent by the international scientific community with laboratory research and experimental field studies in order to increase the resistance of concrete over corrosion. This paper presents an experimental study of the corrosion behaviour of reinforced concrete beams with simultaneous sustained flexural loading. For this purpose, 40 reinforced concrete beams of 5 different compositions were constructed and exposed in simulated harmful environmental conditions in 3 different stress ratios for a total period of 42 months. Their behavior against corrosion was determined via regular measurements of the electrical resistance of concrete (according to ASTM G57) and the corrosion potential of the steel-reinforced bars with the use of copper sulphate (CSE) as reference electrode (according to ASTM C876). A theoretical calculation of the corrosion rate was conducted based on the electrochemical measurements of the beams. The results indicate that the corrosion potential of steel decreased in time and more rapidly after the initiation of the corrosion process; the electrical resistance firstly increased, remained stable for a short period and then decreased with the corrosion development, as expected. An inversely proportional relationship of the water/cement ratio of a composition with its corrosion behaviour as well as an analogous relationship between the cement content of a composition and its corrosion behaviour was observed. Also, the corrosion rate of steel is increased gradually with increasing load.