Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemogenetic stimulation of mouse central amygdala corticotropin-releasing factor neurons: Effects on cellular and behavioral correlates of alcohol dependence

Background Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) signaling in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) plays a critical role in rodent models of excessive alcohol drinking. However, the source of CRF acting in the CeA during alcohol withdrawal remains to be identified. In the present study, we hypothesized that CeA CRF interneurons may represent a behaviorally relevant source of CRF to the CeA increasing motivation for alcohol via negative reinforcement. Methods We tested this hypothesis in male mice and used chemogenetics to stimulate CeA CRF neurons in vitro and in vivo. Results We first observed that Crh mRNA expression in the anterior part of the mouse CeA, at the junction with the interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure, correlates positively with alcohol intake in C57BL/6J males with a history of chronic binge drinking. We then found that chemogenetic activation of CeA CRF neurons in Crh-IRES-Cre mouse brain slices increases gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release in the medial CeA in part via CRF1 receptor activation, indicating local CRF release. While chemogenetic stimulation of CeA CRF neurons exacerbated novelty-induced feeding suppression, as seen in C57BL/6J males withdrawn from chronic intermittent alcohol inhalation, it had no effect on voluntary alcohol consumption, following either acute or chronic manipulation. Conclusions Altogether, these findings indicate that hyperactivity of CeA CRF neurons may contribute to elevated CeA GABA levels and negative affect during alcohol withdrawal but is not sufficient to drive alcohol intake escalation in dependent mice.
Study of Bacterial pathogens in Urinary Tract Infection and their antibiotic resistance profile in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh

Analyzing antibiotic susceptibility pattern of uropathogens help to overcome the therapeutic difficulties created by the rising antimicrobial resistant bacteria and guides in choosing appropriate antibiotics. Hence, we aimed at evaluating the pathogens causing UTI and study their antibiogram. Midstream urine samples were collected, cultured and appropriate biochemical tests were performed for proper identification of urinary pathogens in BSMMU from January 2013 to December 2013. The most common isolated Gram negative uropathogens were Escherichia coli (63.93%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.09%), other bacterial species, named Pseudomonas spp. Enterobacter Acinetobacter spp. Citrobacter spp Proteus spp. Morganella. Among Gram positive organism S. aureus S. saprophyticus S. agalectiae and Enterococci were found. Urinary tract infections were more prevalent in women than men (61.68% vs. 38.32%). High level of sensitivity was found to imipenem, amikacin, nitrofurantoin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, cefuroxime in most of the isolates. Almost all the test organisms exhibited multiple antibiotic resistances. The high multiple antibiotics resistance identified makes it necessary for antibiotic susceptibility testing to be conducted prior to antibiotic(s) prescription. Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2016; 10 (01): 22-26
PROACTIVE WORK BEHAVIOR AND INNOVATIVE WORK BEHAVIOR: MODERATING EFFECT OF JOB CHARACTERISTICS

Purpose of study: This study examined the usefulness of job characteristics as a technique designed to enhance the effect of proactive behavior and innovate work behavior. Methodology: A field study was conducted with a randomly selected sample of company 145 supervisors of Sharia Bank at West Java Indonesia. This research was used as a quantitative approach to analyze and answer all research questions. And then, hypotheses for direct and moderator effects are tested using hierarchical regression analysis with SPSS as an analysis tool. Result: Results presented that there is a relation between proactive behavior and innovative work behavior. Furthermore, jobs characteristic strengthens the relationship between proactive behavior and innovative work behavior in Sharia Bank. Implications: The strategy of job design utilization with job characteristics can trigger people’s innovation behavior who already have self-initiative and this strategy will succeed in Islamic banks that have employees with high initiative. Novelty/originality: The novelty of this study is the use of job characteristics in strengthening the relationship between proactive behavior and IWB which is very rarely done in banking, especially in Sharia Banking.
Spiked Eigenvalues of High-Dimensional Separable Sample Covariance Matrices

This paper establishes asymptotic properties for spiked empirical eigenvalues of sample covariance matrices for high-dimensional data with both cross-sectional dependence and a dependent sample structure. A new finding from the established theoretical results is that spiked empirical eigenvalues will reflect the dependent sample structure instead of the cross-sectional structure under some scenarios, which indicates that principal component analysis (PCA) may provide inaccurate inference for cross-sectional structures. An illustrated example is provided to show that some commonly used statistics based on spiked empirical eigenvalues misestimate the true number of common factors. As an application of high-dimensional time series, we propose a test statistic to distinguish the unit root from the factor structure and demonstrate its effective finite sample performance on simulated data. Our results are then applied to analyze OECD healthcare expenditure data and U.S. mortality data, both of which possess cross-sectional dependence as well as non-stationary temporal dependence. It is worth mentioning that we contribute to statistical justification for the benchmark paper by Lee and Carter [25] in mortality forecasting.
Similar time course of fast familiarity and slow recollection processes for recognition memory in humans and macaques

According to dual-process theory, recognition memory performance draws upon two processes, familiarity and recollection. The relative contribution to recognition memory are commonly distinguished in humans by analyzing receiver-operating-characteristics (ROC) curves; analogous methods are more complex and very rare in animals but fast familiarity and slow recollective-like processes (FF/SR) have been detected in non-human primates (NHPs) based on analyzing recognition error response time profiles. The relative utility of these methods to investigate familiarity and recollection/recollection-like processes across species is uncertain; indeed, even how comparable the FF/SR measures are across humans and NHPs remains unclear. Therefore in this study a broadly similar recognition memory task was exploited in both humans and NHPs to investigate the time course of the two recognition processes. We first show that the FF/SR dissociation exists in this task in human participants and then we demonstrate a similar profile in NHPs which suggests that FF/SR processes are comparable across species. We then verified, using ROC-derived indices for each time-bin in the FF/SR profile, that the ROC and FF/DR measures are related. Hence we argue that the FF/SR approach, procedurally easier in animals, can be used as a decent proxy to investigate these two recognition processes in future animal studies, important given that scant data exists as to the neural basis underlying recollection yet many of the most informative techniques primarily exist in animal models.
Forecasting rupiah exchange rate with learning vector quantization neural network

The classification technique and data forecasting will probably be one of the techniques that will often be needed in handling or managing big data. So, from that the author analyzes the possible development of the existing algorithms. The purpose is to find possibilities in the use of reliable algorithms in a particular field, then can be adopted and implemented to develop forecasting techniques in the future. Based on these considerations, the authors conducted experiments by applying LVQNN to conduct shortterm forecasting on daily period of the Rupiah exchange rate. The literature that is used as a reference is the discovery of architectural data classification processes that resemble forecasting techniques. So, when there is a combination of Rupiah exchange histories, it is possible to find these combinations into certain classes based on predetermined parameters and historical data combination data and forecast values in the past. In this research the factors chosen as indicators that affect the Rupiah exchange rate are the amount of exports, the amount of imports, the inflation rate and also the world oil price. In this research the highest accuracy value in the testing process for the population reached 99.0991%. The increase in the percentage value of forecasting accuracy is influenced by the composition of the data. In this study the formation of data composition is influenced by distinct data. The selection of parameters which become distinct claused determines how the composition of the data will be formed. If the composition of the data is not correct, the test results will not be good. If the number of weights vector is smaller than the input data, the forecasting accuracy will decrease. Because the weight vector cannot represent data combinations that used during training or testing.
A well‐observed polar low analysed with a regional and a global weather‐prediction model

The capability of a regional (AROME‐Arctic) and a global (ECMWF HRES) weather‐prediction model are compared for simulating a well‐observed polar low (PL). This PL developed on 3–4 March 2008 and was measured by dropsondes released from three flights during the IPY‐THORPEX campaign. Validation against these measurements reveals that both models simulate the PL reasonably well. AROME‐Arctic appears to represent the cloud structures and the high local variability more realistically. The high local variability causes standard error statistics to be similar for AROME‐Arctic and ECMWF HRES. A spatial verification technique reveals that AROME‐Arctic has improved skills at small scales for extreme values. However, the error growth of the forecast, especially in the location of the PL, is faster in AROME‐Arctic than in ECMWF HRES. This is likely associated with larger convection‐induced perturbations in the former than the latter model. Additionally, the PL development is analysed. This PL has two stages, an initial baroclinic and a convective mature stage. Sensible heat flux and condensational heat release both contribute to strengthen the initial baroclinic environment. In the mature stage, latent heat release appears to maintain the system. At least two conditions must be met for this stage to develop: (a) the sensible heat flux sufficiently destabilises the local environment around the PL, and (b) sufficient moisture is available for condensational heat release. More than half of the condensed moisture within the system originates from the surroundings. The propagation of the PL is “pulled” towards the area of strongest condensational heating. Finally, the sensitivity of the PL to the sea‐surface temperature is analysed. The maximum near‐surface wind speed connected to the system increases by 1–2 m·s−1 per K of surface warming and a second centre develops in cases of highly increased temperature.
Stable Isotope and Geochemical Characterization of Nutrient Sources in the Big Creek Watershed of Northwest Arkansas

The establishment of a concentrated animal-feeding operation (CAFO) in Newton County, Arkansas near Big Creek, a tributary of the Buffalo National River, has raised concern over potential degradation of water-quality in the watershed. In this study, isotopic tools were combined with standard geochemical approaches to characterize nutrient sources and dynamics in Big Creek. An isotopic and geochemical reference library of potential nutrient sources in the Big Creek watershed was established by direct sampling of representative potential sources, including septic-system effluent, poultry litter, swine and cattle manure, and CAFO waste lagoons. Representative nutrient sources and Big Creek stream samples were analyzed for δNNO3, δ O-NO3, δ O-PO4, and a cation and anion suite. Big Creek stream samples were also analyzed for δO-H2O and δ H-H2O. Nutrient concentrations and isotopic data provide evidence of modification of potential nutrient source signatures by nitrification, atmospheric deposition, evaporation, and denitrification. Chloride-to-bromide ratios of stream samples indicated an anthropogenic influence in Big Creek that could have resulted from any combination of the analyzed sources. Samples taken from the CAFO waste lagoon, a septic system, field and parking-lot runoff, fertilizer, and hog manure exhibited different δN-NO3 and δ O-NO3 as compared to stream samples. Stream δN-NO3 and δ O-NO3 cannot be explained by direct input of any one of these potential sources without modification of isotopic composition by mixing or fractionation. Big Creek NO3 isotope values (-7.59‰ to 9.10‰ δ N-NO3 and -3.41‰ to 6.71‰ δO-NO3) were similar to NO3 values expected from nitrification of nitrogen stored in soils sampled in the watershed (3.8‰ to 6.6‰ δN-NO3 and 3.4‰ to 4.8‰ δ O-NO3). The NO3 isotope data indicate stream NO3 is derived in part from NO3 stored in soils. Discrimination of nutrient source input to Big Creek using δO-PO4 was complicated by overlap between potential source δO and stream δO. Stream equilibrium δO-PO4 values indicated the influence of both isotopically light and heavy phosphate sources in Big Creek, and the in-stream biological processing of PO4. The results of this study highlight the importance of effective agricultural, residential, and urban best-management practices in protecting the quality of our
Fluid Mechanics, Models, and Realism: Philosophy at the Boundaries of Fluid Systems

Philosophy of science has long drawn conclusions about the relationships between laws, models, and theories from studies of physics. However, many canonical accounts of the epistemic roles of laws and the nature of theories derived their scientific content from either schematized or exotic physical theories. Neither Theory-T frameworks nor investigation on interpretations of quantum mechanics and relativity reflect a majority of physical theories in use. More recently, philosophers of physics have begun developing accounts based in versions of classical mechanics that are both homelier than the exotic physical theories and more mathematically rigorous than the Theory-T frameworks of the earlier canon. Some, including Morrison (1999, 2015), Rueger (2005), and Wilson (2017), have turned to the study of fluid flows as a way to unpack the complex relationships among laws, models, theories, and their implications for scientific realism. One important result of this work is a resurgence of interest in the relationship between the differential equations that express mechanical laws and the boundary conditions that constrain the solutions to those equations. However, many of these accounts miss a crucial set of distinctions between the roles of mathematical boundary conditions modeling physical systems, and the roles of physical conditions at the boundary of the modeled system. In light of this systematic oversight, in this dissertation I show that there is a difference between boundary conditions and conditions at the boundary. I use that distinction to investigate the roles of boundary conditions in the models of fluid mechanics. I argue that boundary conditions are in some cases more lawlike than previously supposed, and that they can play unique roles in scientific explanations. Further, I show that boundaries are inherently mesoscale features of physical systems, which provide explanations that cannot be inferred from microscale dynamics alone. Finally, I argue that an examination of the domain of application of boundary conditions supports a form of realism.
Shifting the focus from motivated learners to motivating distributed environments: a review of 40 years of published motivation research in Distance Education

ABSTRACT This article reviews motivation research published in Distance Education since 1980, highlighting the major foci of investigation and reflecting on past findings. A major trend was that past research has focused predominantly on learners’ motivational attributes using sociocognitive models of motivation. We therefore have developed a good understanding of motivating variables such as self-efficacy and their power in engaging learners. However, this can be problematic because sociocognitive research situates motivation within an individualistic paradigm with limited attention given to examining whether learning supports and instructional designs in open and distance learning mediate and motivate learning engagement. Building on the review, this article seeks to shift the research attention from whether learners are motivated to crafting an open and distance learning system that is motivating and engaging by tapping into multiple motivation sources available beyond the confines of an individualistic frame.
Secure virtual machine allocation against attacks using support value based game policy

Cloud computing, as a supreme computing stage, presents new security challenges. At the point when virtual machines (VMs) are sent in a cloud domain, VM placement strategies can essentially influence the general security dangers of the whole cloud. As of late, the attacks are explicitly intended to co‐locate with target VMs in the cloud. The VM placement without considering the security risks may put the clients, or even the whole cloud, in threat. Therefore, here we prompt an exhaustive approach to appraise the cloud environment security risk from network, host, and VM. In like manner, secure VM allocation against co‐resident attacks using support value based game policy is proposed that lessens the general security dangers of a cloud, while decides the multi‐objective measures such as efficiency, coverage, and the maximum link utilization. Then, the support value is calculated for the given multi‐objective values. At last, the game theory is used to allocate the best VM. The experimental results prove that the proposed method outperforms than the existing methods in regards of efficiency, coverage maximum link utilization, execution time, throughput, latency, workload balance, power consumption, and standard deviation.
Growing Apples for Hard Cider Production in the United States—Trends and Research Opportunities

Hard cider, made by fermenting apple (Malus ×domestica) juice, was at one time the most widely consumed alcoholic beverage in America. Largely abandoned after Prohibition, within the past 2 decades the rise in popularity of craft beverages has led to the reemergence of hard cider as an alternative to beer, wine, and spirits. Today, hard cider represents one of the fastest growing sectors within the craft beverage industry. The recent interest in cider presents additional marketing opportunities for apple growers and businesses currently involved in, or considering entering, the apple cider or craft beverages industries. However, the lack of a strong history or experience in selecting, producing, and using cider apples poses a significant challenge to this emerging market. This article reviews the current state of research in cider apple production, including economic feasibility, mechanized management, and cultivar evaluation and improvement.
Anorexia nervosa in males

Abstract Anorexia nervosa in males is relatively uncommon and therefore is difficult to research. Nevertheless, the study of such cases is important and may yield valuable clues to the aetiological mechanisms and expression of this disorder. This study compared the characteristics of 12 males with primary anorexia nervosa with 36 female anorectics. The pattern of the disorder was remarkably similar in both sexes. Our findings are discussed with relevance to the available literature on this topic.
The Role of Human Resource System in Developing a Culture of Innovation

The Research aims on Human Resource Management and innovation has to date relied on a theoretical assumption that there exists an identifiable set of HR practices which organizations seeking to be innovative should adopt. However, analysis of the various prescriptions of HR practices for innovation reveals a high level of internal inconsistency, leading to conflicting advice for practitioners. Furthermore, a review of empirical research on the topic indicates that HR practices within innovative organizations are remarkably similar to those found in the best practice literature This raises questions about the link between strategy and HRM, and about the theoretical foundations of research on HRM and innovation. Drawing on recent research on HRM and firm performance, I suggest that research on HRM and innovation can benefit from incorporating elements from both contingency theory and best practice approaches into the existing configuration theory approach. A change in direction for both theoretical and empirical research on HRM and innovation is proposed. This paper is laid out as follows. In part one, I ask what a strategy of innovation is, and consider what employee behaviors are believed to be consistent with such a strategy. The second section compares and contrasts different authors’ prescriptions of HR practices for innovation, and also compares the findings of research on HRM and innovation with the findings of the best practice approach. In the final part I consider the implications of MY review for future research on this topic. I propose a broadening of the theoretical base on which research on HRM and innovation is founded, and discuss the particular challenges involved in conducting empirical research on HR systems for innovation.
LMX and voice: a test in the Chinese hospitality industry

ABSTRACT This study aimed to examine how leader-member exchange (LMX) influences employee voice in the Chinese hospitality industry by drawing upon the conservation of resources theory (COR). Based on 231 supervisor-subordinate dyads, the results suggest that LMX is positively related to employee voice, psychological safety mediates the relationship between LMX and employee voice, and job autonomy strengthens the positive effect of LMX on employee voice. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.