Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Manifold interactive influences on the population dynamics of a multispecies ungulate assemblage

The dynamics of animal populations can be influenced directly by prevailing resources, population density, and environmental conditions, and through the delayed effects of trophic interactions and abiotic effects on habitat conditions. For large mammals, lagged effects can extend several years back in time. We attempted to establish the causal processes governing the population changes shown by 11 ungulate species counted annually over a 20-year period in South Africa's Kruger National Park. Kudu, waterbuck, warthog, sable, tsessebe, roan, and eland declined progressively in abundance after 1986, while zebra, wildebeest, impala, and giraffe maintained high abundance levels. To identify lagged influences, we used statistical probes indexing (1) inferred changes in predator abundance as a consequence of past food availability, (2) effects on habitat conditions of prior rainfall, and (3) competitor impacts on shared food resources. Multiple linear regression models were fit to estimates of annual population growth derived from the count totals subdivided among four regions. The temporal pattern of the population declines by five species was most consistent with a lagged effect from past predator food, in addition to the direct effects of seasonal rainfall. However, models including the lagged effect of prior rainfall fit nearly as well. Species that maintained high abundance responded mainly to an immediate or lagged density feedback. Changing rainfall conditions apparently affect the relative susceptibility of ungulate species to predation. Hence, the top-down interaction with predators cannot readily be disentangled from extrinsic influences on population dynamics, mediated through resources. Population declines by some species became extreme because a prolonged period of low rainfall, especially in the dry-season component, followed a doubling in the food base supporting lions, and was coupled with widened prey distribution as a consequence of the augmentation of water points by managers. Changes in population abundance within this multi-prey, generalist predator system arose from a complex interplay between changing climatic conditions, variable food production, shifting habitat conditions, varying vulnerability to predation, and spillover effects on other species.
A Note on the Estimate of Treatment Effect from a Cox Regression Model When the Proportionality Assumption Is Violated

ABSTRACT Cox proportional hazards regression model has been widely used to estimate the effect of a prognostic factor on a time-to-event outcome. In a survey of survival analyses in cancer journals, it was found that only 5% of studies using Cox proportional hazards model attempted to verify the underlying assumption. Usually an estimate of the treatment effect from fitting a Cox model was reported without validation of the proportionality assumption. It is not clear how such an estimate should be interpreted if the proportionality assumption is violated. In this article, we show that the estimate of treatment effect from a Cox regression model can be interpreted as a weighted average of the log-scaled hazard ratio over the duration of study. A hypothetic example is used to explain the weights.
The Augmentation Quotients of the Groups of Order 25, I

In this article we present the nth power Δ n (G) of the augmentation ideal Δ(G) and describe the structure of Q n (G) = Δ n (G)/Δ n+1(G) for 35 particular groups G of order 25. The structure of Q n (G) for all the remaining groups of order 25 will be determined in a forthcoming article.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization Rates on Wheat Grown under Drip Irrigation System

Application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is one of the most important actions that increases grain yield and improves grain quality in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Presently, there are a large number of investigations in the field on different nitrogen fertilizer application regimes. However, there is little information available about the optimum level of N for drip irrigated wheat. Filed experiments in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) conducted to study the response of drip irrigated wheat to three levels of N (120, 180, and 240 kg N ha). The field experiments were carried out at the Agricultural Experimental Station farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Egypt during the two successive growth seasons of 2013/14 and 2014/2015. The application of N significantly (P<0.05) enhanced the growth of drip irrigated wheat. The highest rate of nitrogen increased the uptake of N, P, and K by 61, 75, and 57% compared to the lowest treatment. Increasing rate of nitrogen to 240 kg N per hectare increased the Water Use Efficiency (WUE) by 34 and 22% in the first and second season, respectively, compared to N120 treatment. The number of spike per m, number of grains per spike, and grain weight per spike of wheat were affected significantly (P<0.05) by N treatments. The application of N240 increased the wheat grain yield by 34 and 22% in the first and second season, respectively, compared to N120. Based on the obtained results, it is recommended to fertilize drip irrigated wheat by 240 kg N per hectare.
Accidental Fire in the Cerrado: Its Impact on Communities of Caterpillars on Two Species of Erythroxylum

Among the mechanisms that influence herbivorous insects, fires, a very frequent historical phenomenon in the cerrado, appear to be an important modifying influence on lepidopteran communities. The purpose of this study was to compare the richness, abundance, frequency, and composition of species of caterpillars in two adjacent areas of cerrado sensu stricto, one recently burned and one unburned since 1994, on the experimental farm “Fazenda Agua Limpa” (FAL) (15∘55′S and 47∘55′W), DF, Brazil. Caterpillars were surveyed on two plant species, genus Erythroxylum: E. deciduum A. St.-Hil. and E. tortuosum Mart. (Erythroxylaceae). We inspected a total of 4,196 plants in both areas, and 972 caterpillars were found on 13.3% of these plants. The number of plants with caterpillars (frequency) differed significantly between the areas. The results indicate that recent and accidental fires have a positive effect on the abundance of caterpillars up to one year postfire, increase the frequency of caterpillars associated with Erythroxylum species in the cerrado and do not affect the richness of caterpillars on these plants. Moreover, the fires change the species composition of caterpillars by promoting an increase in rare or opportunistic species.
The Algebras of Semi-Invariants of Euclidean Quivers

We give a new short proof of Skowroński and Weyman's theorem about the structure of the algebras of semi-invariants of Euclidean quivers, in the case of quivers without oriented cycles and in characteristic zero. Our proof is based essentially on Derksen and Weyman's result about the generators of these algebras and properties of Schofield semi-invariants.
Metabolic Capacity and Pathogenic Properties of the Intestinal Coliforms in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis

An automated microplates system for biochemical fingerprinting of bacteria (the PhP-system) was used to measure the metabolic activities of the faecal coliforni populations from ulcerative colitis (UC) patients ( n = 19). their healthy household relatives ( n = 17) and healthy unrelated individuals ( n = 20). The metabolic fingerprint obtained for each coliform population was used to calculate a metabolic capacity (MC)-value for that population. Similarities between metabolic fingerprints were measured as correlation coefficients ( r ) and the mean correlation coefficients ( r mean ) were taken to indicate homogeneity within each group. Coliforms from patients had higher MC-values (mean ± SD = 0.841 ± 0.1) than those from healthy controls (0.764 ± 0.136; P < 0.01 for both groups), whereas no significant difference was observed between the MC-values of the coliforrns from patients and their healthy relatives. Homogeneity among metabolic fingerprints of coliform populations from patients ( r mean =0.336) and their relatives (0.377) was lower than that from healthy unrelated controls (0.644; P <0.001 for both groups). Klebsiella spp. with adhesive properties were found in 10 patients (53 per cent) and in three relatives (18 per cent) but in no healthy controls. Similarly strains with mannose-resistant haemagglutination and haemolytic activity were also found more often among patients than among healthy controls. Coliforms from patients with total colitis had higher MC-values (mean ± SD = 0.886 ± 0.07) than those from left-sided colitis (0.81 ± 0.115; P < 0.05) and also possessed more virulence factors. The MC-assay used in this study proved to be a meaningful way of characterising coliform populations in patients with UC. Keywords: Metabolic capacity: Coliforms; Pathogenic properties; Ulcerative colitis.
Agronomic Evaluation of Calcined Crandallite from Three Brazilian Phosphate Deposits

Abstract Samples from the weathering mantle containing crandallite of three Brazilian phosphate deposits, Tapira, Catalão, and Juquiá, were characterized, calcined, and agronomically evaluated. The calcination process increased total phosphorus (P) and neutral ammonium citrate soluble (NAC) P contents of all samples. The NAC solubility of original Tapira, Catalão, and Juquiá was about 5% of total P, whereas for calcined samples it was 54, 16, and 53%, respectively. In a greenhouse study, rates of P were applied at 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 120 mg P kg−1 from the calcined materials and MCP (monocalcium phosphate) to an Ultisol cropped with upland and flooded rice for 65 days. The results showed that the calcined P samples increased dry‐matter yield and P uptake with increasing rates of P applied for both crops. Tapira and Juquiá were more effective for flooded than for upland rice. The calculated values of relative agronomic effectiveness of Tapira, Catalão, and Juquiá with respect to MCP were 57, 48, and 53% in dry‐matter yield for upland rice and 64, 50, and 69% for flooded rice, respectively.
Appraisal of Genetic Diversity in Cuminum cyminum L. using Molecular Markers

Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L. fam: Apiaceae) is an important seed spice and its seeds contain numerous phyto-chemicals that are known to have antioxidant, carminative and anti-flatulent properties. The, Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) inter simple sequences repeat (ISSR) and start codon targeted polymorphic (SCoT), primers were used to assess genetic diversity in its 12 varieties. Total genomic DNA was extracted by cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide method (CTAB) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), amplification was carried out. Out of 400 RAPD primers tested, 56 primers were amplified, of which 55 primers revealed polymorphic loci. 508 bands were amplified of which 321 were polymorphic resulting in a polymorphism frequency of 63.18% and an average of 5.8 polymorphic bands per primer. The size of bands varied between 250 and 4000 bp. Out of the 100 UBC-tested ISSR primers, 39 primers gave amplification products. Of these, 27 primers gave polymorphic bands. A total of 305 bands were amplified, of wh ich 169 were polymorphic resulting in a polymorphic frequency of 55.40% and an average of 6.2 polymorphic bands per primer. The size of bands varied between 300 and 5000 bp. Similarly, of the 36 SCoT primers, 32 primers gave amplification products all the primers produce polymorphic bands. 723 bands were amplified, of which 577 were polymorphic resulting in a polymorphic frequency of 79.80% and an average of 18.03 polymorphic bands per primer. The dendrogram revealed two main clusters. Each cluster was subdivided into subgroups. The present investigation revealed that molecular markers could be successfully utilised to determine genetic diversity and genetic relationship of various varieties. From the clustering pattern and genetic relationship obtained with different markers, breeders can fruitfully identify the diverse genotype from different cluster and take them up in their future breeding program.
A review of non-invasive and invasive embryo characteristics to indentify the most competent embryo for transfer.

Identifying “competent embryos” (those with the greatest potential to develop into normal concept) for transfer to the uterus has been a matter of the highest priority and the subject of both hot debate and ongoing research, since the very inception of human in vitro fertilization (IVF). A thorough literature search was performed to evaluate the correlation between pronuclear morphology, early embryo cleavage speed, cleavage stage embryos, embryo/blastocyst development, “omics”, sHLA-G expression, PGS, and implantation/pregnancy-generating potential in ART. Based on available literature, an array/combination of laboratory observations could assist the scientist with embryo selection. The pronuclear stage morphology, the early embryo division, cleavage embryo stage and quality of the day 3 embryos provides limited guidance. We conclude that use Review Article British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research, 4(15): 2910-2930, 2014 2911 of (invasive) PGS in specific patient populations is appropriate; however, more data are needed to determine its true value for overall impact in ART. Non-invasive selection of blastocysts on day 5 with optimal sHLA-G expression provides a very high degree of confidence to yield a viable pregnancy and potentially reduce multiple gestations.
Do difference scores make a difference on the third-person effect?

ABSTRACT Researchers from different fields have been intrigued but also confused with regard to the ways of conceptualizing and operationalizing difference. This article critically reviewed a number of existing means of operationalizing difference and mathematically explicated and empirically tested why difference scores were problematic and why the diamond model that aimed to replace difference scores was equally troublesome. Ultimately, this article recommended polynomial regression as an alternative to difference scores.
IoT Network Attack Detection and Mitigation

Cyberattacks on the Internet of Things (IoT) can cause major economic and physical damage, and disrupt production lines, manufacturing processes, supply chains, impact the physical safety of vehicles, and damage the health of human beings. Thus we describe and evaluate a distributed and robust attack detection and mitigation system for network environments where communicating decision agents use Graph Neural Networks to provide attack alerts. We also present an attack mitigation system that uses a Reinforcement Learning driven Software Defined Network to process the alerts generated by the attack detection sysem, together with Quality of Service measurements, so as to re-route sensitive traffic away from compromised network paths using. Experimental results illustrate both the detection and re-routing scheme.
Identification, synthesis, and characterization of β-isomer as process related impurity in production of methocarbamol from guaifenesin

Appala Raju Nemala1, Sridevi Chigurupati2*, Kesavanarayanan Krishnan Selvarajan3, Saurabh Bhatia4, Sridevi Pingali5, Anitha Sadula6 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SultanUlUloom College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, India. 2Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 3Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 4Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
Climatic correlates of chromosomal Variation in the African vlei rat, Otomys irroratus

On a trouve que la distribution de quatre races chromosomiques du rongeur Otomys irroratus en Afrique du Sud est correlee significativement avec le climat. La repartition des cytotypes s'accorde avec les regions climatiques reconnues. Particulierement, la distribution d'une race chromosomique reproductivement isolee et porteuse d'un rearrangement a fusion en tandem, correspond aux limites de la chaine des montagnes du Drakensberg. On a effectue une analyse multivariee sur 13 variables climatiques et 17 populations de caryotype connu. L'analyse en composantes principales n'a pas groupe les cytotypes conformement au climat; toutefois, une complete separation climatique des populations par groupes de cytotypes a ete accomplie avec l'analyse discriminante. Les variables decrivant les extremes climatiques ont ete plus importantes pour discriminer entre les cytotypes que les variables decrivant les valeurs moyennes. Les cytotypes changeaient surtout par le nombre des bras courts heterochromatiques. Une correlation positive existe entre la quantite relative d'heterochromatine dans le caryotype et l'aridite/impredictibilite climatique. Le role de la quantite et la localisation genomique de l'heterochromatine dans l'accroissement de la variation de la regulation des genes dans les environnements heterogenes a ete discute
Preference–performance relationship and influence of plant relatedness on host use by Pityogenes chalcographus L.

1 Pityogenes chalcographus L. (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) causes damage in European coniferous forests, primarily on Picea abies L. Karst. , but is also recorded on other native and exotic Pinaceae species. Estimating the adequacy between adult preference and larval performance of this beetle among its host‐range, as well as the influence of plant taxonomic relatedness on these parameters, would provide useful information on the beetle's ability to shift onto novel hosts. 2 Choice and no‐choice assays were conducted under laboratory conditions. Adult preference and larval performance parameters among two native (Pinus sylvestris L. and Picea abies) and three exotic north American [Pinus contorta Dougl. , Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. and Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirbel (Franco)] conifer species were measured. 3 Pityogenes chalcographus exhibited a significant positive relationship between preference and performance. Picea abies was both the preferred and the most suitable host species for larval development. The closest relative, P. sitchensis, was the second best choice in terms of preference and performance. Pseudotsuga menziesii occupied an intermediate position for both beetle preference and performance, and Pinus spp. were the least suitable hosts for beetle development. 4 Adult preference and larval performance ranking among hosts provides little support to the plant taxonomic relatedness hypothesis. Taxonomic relatedness could play a role on the diet breadth, although only at a limited scale, within the genus Picea. At higher taxonomic levels, other factors such as bark thickness might be decisive.
Interaction of packaging parameters affecting aroma quality of milled rice cv. Khao Dawk Mali 105 after long-term storage

This study was to investigate the interactive effects of packaging parameters on aroma quality of milled rice cv. Khao Dawk Mali 105 after storage for 12 months under ambient temperature. Rice samples were packaged using combinations of two packaging materials, three kinds of gas and with or without an oxygen absorber. Aroma quality of rice samples was assessed in terms of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and hexanal quantities. It was found that aluminum foil laminated bag had higher efficiency in preserving 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and in controlling the generation of hexanal than nylon laminated plastic bag. Using oxygen absorber enhanced the ability of the packages to preserve 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and to prevent the increase of hexanal. Carbon dioxide was better in maintaining high 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and low hexanal in rice package as compared to nitrogen and vacuum packed. Analysis of variance indicated that there were interactions of packaging materials-oxygen absorber and packaging materials-storage gas. These interactions were mainly attributed to difference in gas permeability of the packaging materials. Relationship between the quantity of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and hexanal was found only for samples contained in nylon laminated plastic bag (r = -0.88**). This result signified the role of oxygen in which it would mutually increase hexanal and decrease 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline quantities during storage of aromatic rice.
CANCELLATION THEOREMS FOR HOLOMORPHIC VECTOR BUNDLES ON INFINITE-DIMENSIONAL COMPLEX SPACES

Let X be an infinite-dimensional complex Banach manifold and E, F, G holomorphic vector bundles with finite rank on X such that E ⊕ G ∼= F ⊕ G. Under what assumptions on X, G, E or F we may conclude that E ∼= F? Here we study this question mainly when X is a finite-codimensional closed analytic subset of a projective space and/or some of the bundles are direct sums of line bundles. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 32K05, 32L05, 32L10.
Niche Acceleration Driven by Expectation Dynamics Among Niche and Regime Actors: China’s Wind and Solar Power Development

This paper addresses the question how does the alignment of expectations between niche and regime actors unfold during niche development process, and how it shapes the niche development process? In this paper we offer a theoretical framework with three alignment patterns: strong, medium-strong and weak alignment, based on niche and regime actors’ expectation structures. The research aims to establish whether the alignment patterns match three distinct stages of niche development: slow niche development; moderate niche development and substantial niche acceleration. We propose a 16% threshold in terms of adoption for niche acceleration. We apply the conceptual framework to two long-term cases, of wind and solar power development in China between 2000 and 2017. These present two independent cases with different stages of niche development during the studied period, but in the end both show niche acceleration. Our two cases suggest that although alignment patterns between both cases differ, they match niche development phases. Strong alignment does go hand in hand with niche acceleration. Overall, this paper contributes to both a conceptual and methodological understanding of how the alignment patterns between niche and regime actors’ expectations contribute to niche acceleration.
Preferences for forest recreational services using the random bidding model

In the context of increased political focus on improving the quality of urban environments, knowledge of household preferences for recreational environments is needed. This research note seeks to reveal the willingness to pay (WTP) for forest proximity and its amenities in housing choice location based on the random bidding model. Four major findings are obtained: (i) The WTP for urban park proximity is globally non-significant compared with that of forest areas; (ii) When forests are recreational green spaces, the WTP is positive for more affluent socio-professional category (SPCs) and higher for the oldest households but negative for less affluent social groups; (iii) When forests are natural protected areas, the WTP is globally negative, especially for less affluent groups; and (iv) Forest amenities, such as hiking and biking paths, positively affect the WTP for almost all SPCs, especially the youngest households.