Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dual-Slot Cavity Antenna for mm-Wave Beamforming Array

A cavity-fed, dual-slot element and its 4-element linear array configurations for beam-steering applications at 28 GHz are described. The element cavity is formed from rectangular substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), perturbed at one of its corners to excite dual slots for increasing the impedance bandwidth. With a mobile terminal in mind, we look to both classical array principles and to the available theories for finite arrays with mutual coupling, to help guide the design. The impact of the finite ground-plane required to support the slot elements and array is investigated by simulation, including the impact on the patterns of using a cellphone chassis as a platform. A chassis-born 4-element (8 slots) configuration, suitable for beamforming in 28 GHz 5G networks is demonstrated for both linear polarizations. The simulation results are supported by pattern measurements of prototypes, a challenging task at 28 GHz.
Medical Advances in Hepatitis D Therapy: Molecular Targets

An approximate number of 250 million people worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus, making them susceptible to a coinfection with hepatitis D virus. The superinfection causes the most severe form of a viral hepatitis and thus drastically worsens the course of the disease. Until recently, the only available therapy consisted of interferon-α, only eligible for a minority of patients. In July 2020, the EMA granted Hepcludex conditional marketing authorization throughout the European Union. This first-in-class entry inhibitor offers the promise to prevent the spread in order to gain control and eventually participate in curing hepatitis B and D. Hepcludex is an example of how understanding the viral lifecycle can give rise to new therapy options. Sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide, the virus receptor and the target of Hepcludex, and other targets of hepatitis D therapy currently researched are reviewed in this work. Farnesyltransferase inhibitors such as Lonafarnib, targeting another essential molecule in the HDV life cycle, represent a promising target for hepatitis D therapy. Farnesyltransferase attaches a farnesyl (isoprenyl) group to proteins carrying a C-terminal Ca1a2X (C: cysteine, a: aliphatic amino acid, X: C-terminal amino acid) motif like the large hepatitis D virus antigen. This modification enables the interaction of the HBV/HDV particle and the virus envelope proteins. Lonafarnib, which prevents this envelopment, has been tested in clinical trials. Targeting the lifecycle of the hepatitis B virus needs to be considered in hepatitis D therapy in order to cure a patient from both coexisting infections. Nucleic acid polymers target the hepatitis B lifecycle in a manner that is not yet understood. Understanding the possible targets of the hepatitis D virus therapy is inevitable for the improvement and development of a sufficient therapy that HDV patients are desperately in need of.
An Analytical Model for Estimating Average Driver Attention Based on the Visual Field

The direction of a driver’s visual attention plays a crucial role in the context of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADASs) and semi-autonomous driving. The way a driver monitors traffic scene objects partially indicates the level of driver awareness. We propose an analytical method to estimate a driver’s average traffic scene attention based on the attentional visual field of the driver in urban and suburban areas. Three metrics are proposed to estimate a driver’s average attention. Our model is capable of identifying driver attention with respect to traffic objects including vehicles, traffic lights, traffic signs, and pedestrians within the attentional visual field of the driver at any moment while in the act of driving.
Hepatoprotective and renoprotective effects of silymarin against salinomycin-induced toxicity in adult rabbits

Background and Aim: Salinomycin sodium, a licensed coccidiostat in rabbits, is used for fattening at a dose of 20–25 mg/kg. Salinomycin toxicity may arise from many risk factors (e.g., overdosage or use in non-target animal species). Silymarin extracted from milk thistle has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. This study aimed to investigate the adverse impacts of oral administration of salinomycin for 28 consecutive days and how to reduce its risks and side effects by administering silymarin. Materials and Methods: Eighty-four male New Zealand White bucks (1.750–2.000 kg) were randomly divided into seven groups (12 each). Group one was the control. Groups two and three were administered salinomycin orally (doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg ration). Group four was administered salinomycin (20 mg/kg ration) and silymarin (6.5 mg/kg body weight [BW]). Group five received salinomycin (40 mg/kg ration) and silymarin (13 mg/kg BW). Groups six and seven were administered silymarin at doses of 6.5 and 13 mg/kg BW. Rabbits were euthanized and slaughtered on day 29 using the Halal method. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, urea, total proteins, albumin, total cholesterol, and high- and low-density lipoprotein (HDL and LDL) were analyzed in serum. Glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were estimated in the liver. A histopathological investigation was performed on the liver and kidney. Results: The MDA activity, AST, ALT, total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, urea, and creatinine values were significantly elevated in groups two and three. The GSH, catalase, SOD, and HDL were significantly lower in these groups than in the control group. There were moderate pathologic changes in the liver and kidney of the third group. However, the results of the fourth and fifth groups improved more than those of the second and third groups. The results of the sixth and seventh groups were nearly the same as those of the control group. Conclusion: Salinomycin toxicity was caused by oxidative damage because of reactive oxygen species formation. Silymarin (6.5 or 13 mg/kg BW) tends to prevent and treat accidental toxicity. However, the high dose of silymarin (13 mg/kg BW) had more renal and hepatoprotective capacities.
A Comparative Study on Aspects Level Drug Reviews using Back Propagation Neural Networks

Several aspects, such as drug interactions and adverse effects, must be taken into account before prescribing a drug. The fact that some pharmacological qualities, such as side effects, are dependent on patient variables such as age and gender, complicates the procedure even further. Our goal is to create a platform that will aid doctors in prescription medications. This paper devises a method for searching for medications that meet a set of criteria based on drug attributes. Both healthcare professionals who prescribe and dispense pharmaceuticals, as well as drug users, should take several precautions when using pharmaceutical drugs. Prescription drug interactions, interactions with the patient’s existing medicine, potential adverse effects, and contraindications must all be considered. Furthermore, patient characteristics such as age, gender, habits, and genetic profiles influence pharmacological attributes such as side effects and efficacy. The objective is to develop a system that will assist medical professionals and drug users in choosing and locating appropriate drugs. Users can select side effects and the approach answers to their needs. Data about drugs comes from a variety of places. Medicine data, on the other hand, is typically noisy and incomplete because it is either manually developed or mechanically retrieved from text resources like drug labels. Data science technology known as a supervised Machine learning algorithm can be used to analyze medications based on various aspects with better accuracy to deal with incomplete and noisy data.
Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Muscle Metabolism in Health and Disease

Dietary intervention is widely used as a therapeutic approach ranging from the treatment of neurological disorders to attempts to extend lifespan. The most important effect of various diets is a change in energy metabolism. Since muscles constitute 40% of total body mass and are one of the major sites of glucose and energy uptake, various diets primarily affect their metabolism, causing both positive and negative changes in physiology and signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss changes in the energy metabolism of muscles under conditions of the low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet/ketogenic diet (KD), fasting, or administration of exogenous ketone bodies, which are all promising approaches to the treatment of various diseases. KD’s main influence on the muscle is expressed through energy metabolism changes, particularly decreased carbohydrate and increased fat oxidation. This affects mitochondrial quantity, oxidative metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and activity of enzymes. The benefits of KD for muscles stay controversial, which could be explained by its different effects on various fiber types, including on muscle fiber-type ratio. The impacts of KD or of its mimetics are largely beneficial but could sometimes induce adverse effects such as cardiac fibrosis.
Review of Researches on the Emotion Recognition and Affective Computing Based on HCI

Human-computer interaction (HCI) is the third revolution of information technology after cloud computing and big data. In the design of HCI, it usually involves physical level, cognitive level and emotional level, while emotion recognition and affective computing (ERAC) are the main contents of emotional level. In this paper, the concept and function of ERAC are described; the progress of research on ERAC from facial expression, voice, text, physiological signal and other aspects are analyzed; the application of ERAC in the computer science, health care, media entertainment, intelligent equipment, education and other fields are expound. Finally, in order to provide reference and basis for further research, the problems that need to be studied and future work are prospected.
Growth, Productivity, Biomass and Carbon Stock in Eucalyptus saligna and Grevillea robusta Plantations in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Initiated by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) more than a decade ago in North Kivu, single-species plantations of Eucalyptus saligna and Grevillea robusta constitute, with other village plantations, the current legal source of wood-energy for the communities bordering the Virunga National Park (PNVi). This study assesses the growth and productivity of these plantations in two sites with different soil and climatic conditions to predict their production over time. The study also assesses the carbon stock and long-term CO2 fixation in the biomass of the studied plantations to deduce their contribution to climate change mitigation. Non-destructive inventories were carried out during three consecutive years in 20 E. saligna and 12 G. robusta plantations in Sake and Kirumba. Analysis of the data revealed that both species have similar diametric growth while height growth and productivity were significantly higher in the E. saligna plantations. The productivity of E. saligna was also higher in Kirumba than in Sake, while that of G. robusta was higher in Sake than in Kirumba. The differences observed were mainly related to species, silviculture, altitude and concentration of bioavailable elements in the soils. The analysis of productivity evolution over time allowed us to determine optimal rotations at 8 and 12 years, respectively, for E. saligna and G. robusta plantations. The relationships between biomass or carbon stock and tree diameter were not different between the studied species but were significantly different at the stand level. If silviculture was standardized and plantations carefully monitored, carbon stock and long-term CO2 fixation would be higher in G. robusta plantations than in E. saligna plantations. These results indicate that while for productivity reasons E. saligna is the favoured species in wood-energy plantations to quickly meet the demand of the growing and disadvantaged population living in the vicinity of PNVi, carefully monitored G. robusta plantations could be more interesting in terms of carbon credits. To simultaneously optimise wood-energy production and carbon storage in the plantations initiated in North Kivu, E. saligna and G. robusta should be planted in mixture. In addition, species and site characteristics adapted silvicultural management practices must be applied to these plantations, which are very important for the region, its population and its park. Finally, the economic profitability as well as the sustainability of the plantations should be assessed in the longer term in North Kivu.
Investigating the properties of active galactic nucleus feedback in hot atmospheres triggered by cooling-induced gravitational collapse

Radiative cooling may plausibly cause hot gas in the centre of a massive galaxy, or galaxy cluster, to become gravitationally unstable. The subsequent collapse of this gas on a dynamical time-scale can provide an abundant source of fuel for active galactic nucleus (AGN) heating and star formation. Thus, this mechanism provides a way to link the AGN accretion rate to the global properties of an ambient cooling flow, but without the implicit assumption that the accreted material must have flowed on to the black hole from tens of kpc away. It is shown that a fuelling mechanism of this sort naturally leads to a close balance between AGN heating and the radiative cooling rate of the hot, X-ray-emitting halo. Furthermore, AGN powered by cooling-induced gravitational instability would exhibit characteristic duty cycles (δ) which are redolent of recent observational findings: δ∝ LX/σ3*, where LX is the X-ray luminosity of the hot atmosphere and σ* is the central stellar velocity dispersion of the host galaxy. Combining this result with well-known scaling relations, we deduce a duty cycle for radio AGNs in elliptical galaxies that is approximately ∝ M1.5BH, where MBH is the central black hole mass. Outburst durations and Eddington ratios are also given. Based on the results of this study, we conclude that gravitational instability could provide an important mechanism for supplying fuel to AGNs in massive galaxies and clusters, and warrants further investigation.
Twisted and unstable : approaches to the string equations of motion

In this thesis we will explore three approaches to aspects of the fundamental structure of string theory. We first provide a brief review of perturbative string theory, and briefly discuss how each of the three topics to be discussed in the body of this thesis depart from this starting point. We then study the open string one-loop tadpole diagram in Witten cubic open string field theory. We compute this diagram both analytically and numerically and study the divergences arising from the collective behavior of open string fields in the short-distance region of the diagram. We demonstrate that this region of the diagram encodes information about the linearized Einstein equation describing the shift in the closed string fields in reaction to the D-brane supporting the open strings. We also show that the manner in which this information is encoded is somewhat singular, and comment on the implications for the quantum consistency of open bosonic string field theory. We next compute the closed string radiation from a decaying D-brane in type II string theory. The calculation is made possible by noting that the integrals involved in the requisite disk one-point functions reduce to integrals over the group manifold of a product of unitary groups. We find that the total number and energy of strings radiated during the decay process diverges for D-branes of small enough dimension, in precise analogy to the bosonic case. Finally, we investigate a simple class of type II string compactifications which incorporate nongeometric "fluxes" in addition to "geometric flux" and the usual H-field and R-R fluxes. We develop T-duality rules for NS-NS geometric and nongeometric fluxes, which we use to construct a superpotential for the dimensionally reduced four-dimensional theory. The resulting structure is invariant under T-duality, so that the distribution of vacua in the IIA and IIB theories is identical when nongeometric fluxes are included. Thesis Supervisor: Washington Taylor IV Title: Professor of Physics
Social Media Sentiments on Suicides at the New York City Landmark, Vessel: A Twitter Study

Vessel is a landmark created by Heatherwick Studio where visitors can enjoy views of New York City from different heights and perspectives. However, between February 2020 and July 2021, four individuals jumped to their deaths from the landmark. Effective preventive solutions have yet to be identified, and the site is currently closed. In this study, we examined the trajectory of public sentiment on the suicide-related activity at Vessel on Twitter by investigating the engagement patterns and identifying themes about the four suicides from February 2020 to August 2021 (n = 3058 tweets). The results show increased levels of discussion about each successive suicide case in the first 14 days following each incident (from 6 daily tweets for the first case to 104 for the fourth case). It also took longer for relevant discussions to dissipate (4 days for the first and 14 days for the fourth case, KS statistic = 0.71, p < 0.001). Thematic analysis shows a shift from expressions of emotion to urging suicide prevention actions in the third and fourth cases; additionally, we detected growing support for restricting means. We suggest that, prior to the reopening of Vessel, collective efforts should be made to install safety protections and reduce further suicide risks.
Design and Implementation of Intelligent Medical Diagnosis Platform based on Intelligent Evaluation Algorithm

Design and implementation of intelligent medical diagnosis platform based on intelligent evaluation algorithm is presented in the paper. When conducting remote consultation, medical data mainly comes from the clinical information systems of various hospitals. The key to effectively integrating medical data in various hospitals is to solve the information integration of electronic medical records. The standardization and structuring of medical record information determines the application scope and level of electronic medical records. Adaptive computing can be combined with wireless sensor network technology, so that medical staff can obtain simplified, accurate and reliable medical information and reduce the difference between medical service levels. With these theoretical information, the designed model is then integrated wit the medical imaging analysis. Through the testing, the performance is validated.
Enhancing Energy Efficiency of Intensive Computing Applications using Approximate Computing

Approximate computing is an emerging idea of computation, which is mostly used in edge computing to design more efficient (faster, low power) computing platforms. This work focuses on and demonstrates multiple algorithmic level approximate computing techniques (ACTs), and their outcomes are observed and are further combined to compound their benefits in specific applications. In addition to the benefits, the assessed approximate computing techniques are also checked for guaranteeing the metrics that are required in intensive applications. The suitable approximate computing techniques that meet the requirements are applied in the front camera vehicle detection application and the performance and the accuracy loss results are presented for the chosen application.
The Influence of Magnetic Composite Capsule Structure and Size on Their Trapping Efficiency in the Flow

A promising approach to targeted drug delivery is the remote control of magnetically sensitive objects using an external magnetic field source. This method can assist in the accumulation of magnetic carriers in the affected area for local drug delivery, thus providing magnetic nanoparticles for MRI contrast and magnetic hyperthermia, as well as the magnetic separation of objects of interest from the bloodstream and liquid biopsy samples. The possibility of magnetic objects’ capture in the flow is determined by the ratio of the magnetic field strength and the force of viscous resistance. Thus, the capturing ability is limited by the objects’ magnetic properties, size, and flow rate. Despite the importance of a thorough investigation of this process to prove the concept of magnetically controlled drug delivery, it has not been sufficiently investigated. Here, we studied the efficiency of polyelectrolyte capsules’ capture by the external magnetic field source depending on their size, the magnetic nanoparticle payload, and the suspension’s flow rate. Additionally, we estimated the possibility of magnetically trapping cells containing magnetic capsules in flow and evaluated cells’ membrane integrity after that. These results are required to prove the possibility of the magnetically controlled delivery of the encapsulated medicine to the affected area with its subsequent retention, as well as the capability to capture magnetically labeled cells in flow.
A Novel Scheme for the Construction of the SCMA Codebook

As a code-domain non-orthogonal multiple access technique, sparse code multiple access (SCMA) is considered as a promising technique for future wireless Internet of Things (IoT) networks. The minimum Euclidean distance (MED) and minimum product distance (MPD) have been highlighted as the key performance indicators of the codebooks in additive gaussian white noise (AWGN) and downlink Rayleigh channels respectively. In this paper, based on the mother codebook, a novel codebook design scheme is proposed to achieve better error performance in both AWGN and downlink Rayleigh channel. The problem of constructing the mother codebook is considered as the quadratic assignment problem (QAP), where the Tabu searching algorithm is employed to reduce the complexity of searching for the best permutation result. Then, the rotation matrix is adopted to find the best degrees for the generation of the constellation group, and two algorithms are proposed to assign the obtained constellation in factor graph matrix. Taking the degree optimization and the constellation assignment into joint consideration, an improved unified optimization is further explored to maximize the MED of each user. Besides, a novel polarized modulation scheme is proposed, which places the symbols in the three dimensional (3D) stokes parameters to improve the performance of the system. Finally, simulation results are provided to show the performance of the proposed codebooks, and the comparisons of symbol error performance (SER) in different codebooks are also discussed in detail.