Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Chemistry of Extrasolar Planetary Systems

This work examines the chemical nature of extrasolar planetary systems, considering both the host star and any potential terrestrial planets located within the system. Extrasolar planetary host stars are found to be enriched over non-host stars in several r- and s-process elements. These enrichments, however, are in keeping with general galactic chemical evolution trends. This implies that host stars have not experienced any unusual chemical processing or pollution and that the observed enrichments are primordial in nature.When combined with detailed chemical models, the dynamical models of O'Brien et al. (2006) are found to produce terrestrial planets with bulk elemental abundances in excellent agreement with observed planetary values. This clearly indicates that the combination of dynamical and chemical modeling applied here is successfully reproducing the terrestrial planets of the Solar System to the first order. Furthermore, these planets are found to form with a considerable amount of water, negating the need for large amounts of exogenous delivery. Little dependence on the orbital properties of Jupiter and Saturn is observed for the main rock-forming elements due to the largely homogenous disk composition calculated.The same modeling approach is applied to known extrasolar planetary systems. Terrestrial planets were found to be ubiquitous, forming in all simulations. Generally, small ( 20% of known extrasolar planetary systems based on their host star photospheric compositions. These planets are unlike any body we have previously observed and provide an exciting avenue for future observation and simulation.
Ti3C2T x MXene anchoring semi-metallic selenium atoms: self-powered photoelectrochemical-type photodetector, hydrogen evolution, and gas-sensing applications

MXenes have demonstrated substantial promise as photocatalysts and electrocatalysts for a variety of applications such as self-powered photoelectrochemical (PEC)-type photodetector, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and vapor sensing applications. However, their mechanism is still poorly figured out. Currently, Ti3C2T x MXene suffers from low photoresponsivity, high overpotential, and low sensitivity in such important applications. In order to develop catalytic activity and performances of those devices, modifications must be made to the structure of MXenes to enhance the separation of photogenerated charges, rate of the H+/e− couplings, and surface-active sites. These manipulations of MXenes heavily depend on understanding the mechanism of devices, appropriate modification elements, and the method of modification. This study for the first time reveals a facile solid-state annealing strategy for doping semi-metallic selenium (Se) atoms on Ti3C2T x MXene for self-powered PEC-type photodetector, HER, and vapor sensor applications. The suitable characteristics of Ti3C2T x make it an appropriate substrate to accommodate Se atoms. The well-designed Se-doped Ti3C2 heterojunction including some TiO2 cuboids could exhibit unprecedented photoresponsivity (up to 90 mA W−1) and detectivity (up to 2.0 × 108 cm Hz1/2 W−1) for 420 nm light, HER (−0.7 V at 10 mA cm−2), and gas sensitivity (Z′ = 347 Ω and Z′′ = 150 Ω, for ethanol) in comparison with the pristine Ti3C2T x nanosheets. The acquired promising results can be promoted with some other elements and also be examined in other electrolytes. Then, bring inspiration to the applications involving charge transfer, H+/e− couplings, and surface-active sites.
Computer Vision in Fashion Trend Analysis and Applications

Computer vision is a field of artificial intelligence that allows computers to derive relevant information from visual inputs and take actions accordingly. In this paper, we will study the involvement of computer vision in fashion trend analysis and its applications. We begin by understanding the general context of computer vision. We will then discuss the role that computer vision plays in the fashion industry. We will move on to see how over time, computer vision has solved and is still advancing in visual search, fashion style and trend analysis, fashion style compatibility, fashion forecasting, and fashion creativity in the order of increasing complexity. Then, we will discuss the significance of computer vision in the current complex tasks of fashion style analysis, fashion recommendations, and fashion forecasting, while reviewing some of their existing deep learning methodologies. We will then discuss the significance of deep learning in today’s approach to solving fashion trend analysis problems. Finally, we will overview the future directions of computer vision, leading us to a novel concept of fashion creativity that still requires further future study to solve potential tasks like cultural inclusivity in the fashion sphere.
Two-dimensional numerical simulation of a planar radio-frequency atmospheric pressure plasma source

A radio-frequency(RF) atmospheric pressure planar discharge is studied through a twodimensional(2D) COMSOL simulation with a capacitively coupled plasma module. The mesh convergence is investigated for variable mesh density used in simulations. The power evolution is simulated to determine the time when solution reaching a stable state. Electron/ion density/temperature evolution is obtained during a steady state period. This RF atmospheric pressure planar plasma source is considered to be potential for industrial applications.
Memorable tourism experiences and critical outcomes among nature-based visitors: a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis approach

ABSTRACT Intense global competition for natural resources, manifesting in negative environmental externalities, has forced hospitality and tourism stakeholders to adopt strategies that may result in economic growth in tandem with environmental conservation. One such strategy is to cultivate travellers’ loyalty to the tourism destinations and encourage them to participate in environmentally friendly activities. Using the affective theory of social exchange, social identity, stimulus–organism–response, tourism consumption system and attachment theories, this study proposes and tests a configurational model that predicts the antecedents of visitors’ pro-environmental behavioural intentions (PEBIs) regarding their desire to revisit (REVI) and recommend (RECI) the services that they experienced. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis was applied to assess the effect of memorable tourism experiences, place attachment, and demographics on these outcomes. The findings revealed that multiple configurations can predict visitors’ intentions at tourist destinations. This study’s implications for theory, practice, and future research directions are also discussed.
External Validation of the FEAR Index in Borderline Acetabular Dysplasia

Background: Given the lack of established, externally validated criteria for the diagnosis of unstable hips, the Femoro-Epiphyseal Acetabular Roof (FEAR) index has been proposed as a useful tool for identifying hips with instability in the setting of borderline acetabular dysplasia. Purposes: To (1) determine the external performance of the FEAR index in identifying hips with a clinical diagnosis of instability in the setting of borderline dysplasia and (2) assess the performance of the FEAR index compared with acetabular inclination or physeal scar angle alone. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The authors reviewed 176 patients with borderline acetabular dysplasia (lateral center-edge angle, 20°-25°). A positive FEAR index was defined as ≥5°. An alternative threshold ≥2° was also assessed. Significant instability was determined by the senior surgeon based on the combination of patient and radiographic features; unstable hips were treated with periacetabular osteotomy (with or without hip arthroscopy), and stable hips were treated with isolated hip arthroscopy. Results: Only 18% of borderline hips had a positive FEAR index. The ≥5° positive FEAR index threshold had a sensitivity of 33% (23/70) and specificity of 92% (98/106) in predicting the clinical diagnosis of instability. The ≥2° FEAR index threshold had a sensitivity of 39% (27/70) and specificity of 89% (94/106) in predicting the clinical diagnosis of instability. No alternative threshold for the FEAR index resulted in high levels of sensitivity and specificity. A threshold of –5° was required to reach an adequate sensitivity of 74%. The FEAR index remained a significant predictor of hip instability even after controlling for acetabular inclination (odds ratio, 1.12; P < .001) or physeal scar angle (odds ratio, 1.6; P < .001). Conclusion: In the current study, a positive FEAR index was generally indicative of the presence of clinical instability, but the FEAR index alone remained inadequate to fully define the instability of a given hip, as it demonstrated low sensitivity (only 33%) in the external validation. The FEAR index is best used in the context of other clinical and radiographic features.
Device and circuit level performance assessment of n‐ and p‐type dopingless MOSFETs

In this paper, two structures of n‐ and p‐type dopingless MOSFETs have been presented and compared with conventional n‐ and p‐type doped MOSFETs. The different regions of dopingless devices (n‐ and p‐type dopingless MOSFETs) have been realized by using metal work function engineering: a charge plasma concept. The simulation studies of the doped (n‐ and p‐type doped MOSFETs) and dopingless (n‐ and p‐type dopingless MOSFETs) devices have been performed using Atlas 2D simulator. It has been observed that the dopingless devices outperform the conventional doped devices by sizeable margin. The various performance measuring parameters in which dopingless devices shows improvement in comparison with conventional doped devices are ON current (Ion), cutoff frequency (fT), subthreshold swing (SS). A comparative analysis for DL‐nMOSFET shows 19% improvement in Ion, 24% in fT, 1.5% in SS, approximately seven times in DIBL, and 38% in Ion/Ioff. Almost similar improvement has been seen in DL‐pMOSFET when compared conventional doped pMOSFET (D‐pMOSFET). Besides this, Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) inverter has been designed using doped‐ and dopingless‐based MOSFETs. A significant improvement of 34.2% in switching delay has been achieved in the dopingless CMOS‐based inverter. Further, it has been observed that the process variation effect at device and circuit level are almost negligible in dopingless‐based devices and circuit configuration in comparison with conventional doped counterpart.
A Method to Improve the Response of a Speed Loop by Using a Reduced-Order Extended Kalman Filter

In servo systems, encoders are usually used to measure the position and speed signals of electric machines. But in a low speed range, the traditional M/T method has a larger time delay, which will cause an increase of the speed loop order and degradation of the speed loop performance. A method employed to reduce the delay of speed feedback by using a reduced-order Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is introduced in this paper. The speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is estimated by the reduced-order EKF in a low speed range, which reduces the delay of speed feedback and extends the cutoff frequency of the speed loop to improve the dynamic performance of the servo system. In order to solve the issues that the traditional full-order EKF is sensitive to the inertia of the system and computationally complex, a composite load torque observer (CLTO) is proposed in this paper. The load torque and the friction torque are simultaneously observed by the CLTO. Additionally, the CLTO is used to reduce the order of the EKF, which reduces the sensitivity of EKF on inertia to enhance the robustness of the algorithm and simplifies the computational complexity. The feasibility and effectivity of the above method are verified by simulations and experiments.
Experimental Studies of a Degenerate Unitary Bose Gas

Date The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. Experimental studies of a degenerate unitary Bose gas Thesis directed by Dr. A dilute Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) near a Feshbach resonance provides experimental physics with a clean and controllable system to investigate strongly interacting many-body systems. The ability to tune the scattering length allows BECs to be projected onto strong interactions from an initial weakly interacting state. However, historically, studying a bulk 3D strongly interacting BEC has been difficult, as these systems are inherently unstable due to three-body inelastic collisions. Thus, 2D, 1D, lattice confined, and two component Fermi gases were used to explore the strong interactions in an ultracold gas. In this thesis, I present the first measurement of a strongly interacting 3D 85 Rb BEC. I introduce our experimental system and the techniques we used to probe the BEC. I first report on probes of a BEC in the weakly interacting regime. To probe a spherical 85 Rb BEC with strong interactions we implemented a novel experimental technique that allowed us to quickly change the interactions, bypassing inelastic losses. We projected the BEC onto unitarity, where the scattering length diverges and the interactions are infinite, in order to observe dynamics and the unexpectedly long lifetime of the gas. Additionally, we observe a universality of the gas with respect to the length scale set by the interparticle spacing. Acknowledgements Working at JILA these past years has been an incredible delight. The fast pace of research, ease of collaboration, and intellectualism make it truly unlike any other place. The specialness of JILA comes from all the wonderful people that walk the halls. First, and foremost, I would like to thank my advisors Debbie Jin and Eric Cornell. I'm grateful for them as they took me in as a lowly electrical engineer and allowed me to dress up and play as an experimental physicist. They are both paragon examples of physicists. Debbie continues to amaze me with her ability to dive exactly to the root of any scientific issue. I know no one else with Eric's ability to deeply understand a problem from multiple perspectives. Much of the credit for the work in this thesis goes to my previous lab mates Juan Pino and Rob Wild. …
Effect of PbPc on electron structure and carrier dynamics of black phosphorus

Using lead phthalocyanine (PbPc) as surface doping material on black phosphorous (BP) we observe enhanced photo-excited carriers in the PbPc/BP heterostructure. The interfacial energy level alignment is investigated with ultra violet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The heterojunction is type I with gap of BP nested in that of PbPc, facilitating confinement of electrons and holes in BP. Ultrafast time-resolved two-photon photoemission (TR-2PPE) spectroscopy is used to study the influence of PbPc on the photo excited unoccupied electronic states and the dynamics of the relaxation processes. Monolayer PbPc can greatly increase the pump excited hot electrons and the 2 photon emission of BP. The enhanced population in the intermediate states is attributed to the straddling of the band alignment which benefits the photo excited electrons in PbPc transferring to BP. Density functional theory calculations supported the interface dipole and charge redistribution. Our results provide a fundamental understanding of the excellent opto-electrical response of PbPc/BP interface of promising application in the high efficient photo detectors.
Development of a modular single-phase grid-tie inverter system for fuel-cell power generation

Abstract To enhance the conversion efficiency and electrical reliability of the low-voltage fuel-cell (FC) power generation system, this paper proposes a modular single-phase grid-tie inverter system equipped with a power management and remote monitoring interface. In this system, each single power module is composed of three single-stage quasi-resonant (QR) flyback current-source inverters that are connected in parallel, and all the power modules are connected in parallel to achieve flexible power scaling and load sharing. The proposed grid-tie inverter system possesses a power management unit (PMU) and can be integrated with a home energy management system (HEMS). An experiment was conducted to verify the feasibility of the proposed concept, in which five power modules were assembled to form a 1-kW high-efficiency grid-tie inverter system, which was modulated through the PMU. The results showed satisfactory load-sharing characteristics between the parallel-connected power modules. The peak efficiency for each power module and the overall power generation system are about 94.5 and 90%, respectively. The proposed system exhibits flexible power scaling, load sharing, and high reliability.
Enhanced rank-based model for selecting controllers in dynamic and heterogeneous fog environments

Fog computing is a recent paradigm leveraging available resources at the edge of the network intended to extend the traditional cloud model towards the novel cloud continuum computing model. Recognized the unstoppable growth of highly dynamic and heterogeneous edge devices, as well as the pop up of a large set of diverse and ever more demanding services, the selection of those edge resources best meeting service requirements while also matching the expected QoS guarantees is, with no doubt, a challenging task. This paper presents a rank-based model aimed at both evaluating edge nodes’ characteristics and selecting nodes best performing the controller role, whilst simultaneously satisfying the required QoS constraints, coining the so-called Control-as-a-Service concept. To that end, a yet simple prediction strategy, based on Dynamic Branch Prediction is introduced to avoid unnecessary controller exchanges and QoS degradation. In the performed experiments, the proposed method yielded a reduction in the number of exchanges when compared to a solution with no prediction, under different scenarios. Comparing distinct selection strategies, the proposed model presented an improvement in controller availability as well as in relevant controllers’ characteristics, such as battery and memory capacity.
Analysis of selected technology acceptance model constructs and their impact on user behavior

Nowadays, when the Internet is a regular part of people’s life in competitive conditions, it is essential to emphasize user feelings about the products, especially in the context of web pages. The study aims to clarify the significance of selected Technology Acceptance Model elements concerning user behavior in the web area. The study applied an exploratory method using an anonymous questionnaire in electronic form (Likert scale). This study’s respondents were website users, visitors, or internet users within the EU. Adequacy of the research sample was measured using Cronbach’s alpha and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (226 respondents). This paper proposed factors that impact user behavior. The quality of the website content factor contains two other variables: the quality of information (QI-Q5) and its availability (AI-A3). The design quality factor is composed of four elements: appearance (AP1-AP5), website findability (F1-F4), website navigation (N1-N3), and website access and usability (AU1-AU4). In addition, the paper selected the perceived usefulness factor (USEF1), the factor of perceived ease of use (EOU1-EOU3), and the attitude to use the website (ATT1). This study calculated the values of the Pearson correlation coefficients and used the lower triangle method to obtain the resulting coefficient values. The analysis results show that the simplicity of use and page orientation does not affect the actual use of the website. The study’s outcome is a model that identifies the impact of individual factors on user behavior in the context of user experience. AcknowledgmentThis paper was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under Contract no. APVV-21-0188. This paper was also supported by VEGA 1/0488/22.
Delay-Tolerant and Prioritized Batch Verification System using Efficient RSU Scheduling in VANET

With a subtle rise in the vehicular traffic, it has become necessary for the users to be more aware of their surroundings. Vehicular AdHoc Network (VANET) provides a solution to connect these vehicles with the data centers to leverage this information for the benefit of the users. It renders end-to-end details for traffic flow monitoring and dynamic route scheduling of vehicles to prevent unforeseen incidents. Current researches suggest that numerous IoV architectures authenticate the vehicles enabling inter-vehicular communication. To improve the quality of service, this work leverage vehicle-to-roadside communication, and priority based batch-verification system. Further, to ensure safer computations of time-critical information and faster processing of event-driven messages, vehicular edge computing based hierarchical framework is proposed. The security analysis proves that this framework can substantially improve power consumption and mitigate security issues such as traceability, identity privacy-preserving, replay attacks, denial of service attacks, and impersonate attacks.
Hardware Implementation for Lower Limb Surface EMG Measurement and Analysis Using Explainable AI for Activity Recognition

Electromyography (EMG) signals are gaining popularity for several biomedical applications, including pattern recognition, disease detection, human–machine interfaces, medical image processing, and robotic limb or exoskeleton fabrication. In this study, a two-channel data acquisition system for measuring EMG signals is proposed for human lower limb activity recognition. Five leg activities have been accomplished to measure EMG signals from two lower limb muscles to validate the developed hardware. Five subjects (three males and two females) were chosen to acquire EMG signals during these activities. The raw EMG signal was first denoised using a hybrid of Wavelet Decomposition with Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (WD-EEMD) approach to classify the recorded EMG dataset. Then, eight time-domain (TD) features were extracted using the overlapping windowing technique. An investigation into the comparative effectiveness of several classifiers is presented, although it was hard to distinguish how the classifiers predicted the activities. Having a trustworthy explanation for the outcomes of these classifiers would be quite beneficial overall. An approach known as explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) was introduced to produce trustworthy predictive modeling results and applied the XAI technique known as local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) to a straightforward human interpretation. LIME investigates how extracted features are anticipated and which features are most responsible for each action. The accuracy of the extra tree classifier gives the highest accuracy of the other studied algorithms for identifying different human lower limb activities from sEMG signals.