The Fractal Analysis of the Images and Signals in Medical Diagnostics

In the present chapter, we summarize our results concerning fractal analysis of some medical data. The aim of this study is to identify the inherent human body “ chaotic ” dynamics and insufficient disclosure of the physical essence of the processes observed, depending on the extent of developing a pathology that is characterized by a decrease or increase in the degree of complexity and as a consequence — randomness, for which, in some cases, hidden fractal. The proposed approach based on identifying the presence of the properties of self-similarity can be useful in preliminary clinical trials for the diag- nosis of cancerous epithelial diseases, blood, and liver in the initial stage, the analysis of digital images, the structure of correlations biomedical parameters, as well as in the study of pathologies of the central nervous system — the neurological, neurodegenerative disorders, psychiatric disorders, and may be the basis for the development of the interface “ brain-computer ” , on the basis of electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography. Additional measures are proposed to study the presence of self-similar properties in the form of self-similarity and magnitude SRGB ratio (area of a triangle in the coordinate system of the properties). (foot), of the in and the properties of spatiotemporal self-similarity. the imaginary hand movements (toe) have the same effect on the activity of brain regions as real physical exercises. When one repeats a physical hand movement the localization of the excitation region of the cerebral cortex is observed in the hemisphere. It was that a clear decrease of the fractal dimension value during “ back ” movement of the hand, and it may indicate the inclusion of a “ braking ” effect. During the long-term random motion of the leg (right, a steady activity excitation of parietal brain and temporal regions, with a characteristic increase of the fractal dimension of the EEG signals from the frontal region and the decrease in the occipital, is observed. It gives some evidence on the localization of activity excitation of the cerebral cortex during this kind of movement. changes in the early stages of the disease, characterized by changing the fractal characteristics (fractal dimension, SRBG method, the self-similarity ratio). In the development of applications of nonlinear dynamics in human physiology and disease noninvasive diagnostic techniques, based on the application of fractal geometry, new approaches study demonstrating the need for and benefits of fractal analysis in medical diagnostics. It is expected that the results can be the basis of new methods of medical diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the human physiological functions. The proposed approaches based on identifying the presence of the properties of self-similarity may be useful to conduct preliminary clinical trials for the diagnosis of cancerous epithelial diseases, blood, and liver in the initial stages, the analysis of digital images, the structure of correlations of biomedical parameters, and EEG signals and magnetoencephalography in the study of pathologies the central nervous system — neurological, neurodegenerative disorders, psychiatric disorders, and may be the basis for the development of the interface “ brain-computer. ” Our results can be used in the treatment of various pathological conditions.