Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Serologic analysis of dogs, horses, and cottontail rabbits for antibodies to an antigenic flagellar epitope of Borrelia burgdorferi

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and immunoblots using either whole-cell lysates of Borrelia burgdorferi or an antigenic region of flagellin (41-G) as the antigen were performed, and the abilities of the two assays to detect antibodies to this spirochete in dog, cottontail rabbit, and horse sera were compared. Assays using whole-cell B. burgdorferi lysates as the antigen were more sensitive for detecting antibodies. ELISA with 41-G as the antigen were specific for Borrelia antibodies but were not as sensitive as the assays with whole-cell lysates coated to the solid phase. Use of recombinant full-length flagellin, rather than 41-G, as the antigen in immunoblots increased the sensitivity of each assay. However, antibodies to other bacterial antigens cross-react with whole flagellin and may account for false-positive results. Antibodies to B. burgdorferi outer surface protein A or B were usually undetected when the sera were tested by immunoblotting methods. Borrelia lysates or the 41-G antigen may be used in ELISA or immunoblots to document host exposure to this spirochete. The use of 41-G as the antigen may increase the specificity of an assay or help confirm the serologic diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis in dogs, horses, and cottontail rabbits.
Adapting Models to Signal Degradation using Distillation

Model compression and knowledge distillation have been successfully applied for cross-architecture and cross-domain transfer learning. However, a key requirement is that training examples are in correspondence across the domains. We show that in many scenarios of practical importance such aligned data can be synthetically generated using computer graphics pipelines allowing domain adaptation through distillation. We apply this technique to learn models for recognizing low-resolution images using labeled high-resolution images, non-localized objects using labeled localized objects, line-drawings using labeled color images, etc. Experiments on various fine-grained recognition datasets demonstrate that the technique improves recognition performance on the low-quality data and beats strong baselines for domain adaptation. Finally, we present insights into workings of the technique through visualizations and relating it to existing literature.
From Operational Semantics to Domain Theory

This paper builds domain theoretic concepts upon an operational foundation. The basic operational theory consists of a single step reduction system from which an operational ordering and equivalence on programs are defined. The theory is then extended to include concepts from domain theory, including the notions of directed set, least upper bound, complete partial order, monotonicity, continuity, finite element,? -algebraicity, full abstraction, and least fixed point properties. We conclude by using these concepts to construct a (strongly) fully abstract continuous model for our language. In addition we generalize a result of Milner and prove the uniqueness of such models.
Triferrocenylphosphine oxide monohydrate.

The title compound, [Fe 3 (C 5 H 5 ) 3 (C 15 H 12 OP)]. H 2 O or Fc 3 PO. -H 2 O, was obtained as red crystals from the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction of PCl 3 and ferrocene. Torsion angles (O=P-C-Fe/C) range from -45.39 (9) to -56.11 (14)°. The structure is stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonds [H.O = 2.10 (3) and 2.00 (4) A], forming dimeric structures between pairs of O=PFc 3 and water molecules. A theoretical Tolman cone angle of 211° was calculated.
Treatment of Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (Primarily Low Grade) with Imiquimod 5% Cream

Objective. Treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated vaginal lesions (vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia [VAIN]) can be expensive, tedious, and morbidity inducing. Imiquimod 5% cream, a safe and effective treatment of external genital warts, enhances the immune response to HPV infection. Materials and Methods. Imiquimod 5% cream was used to treat 56 young women with VAIN. One sachet of cream (0.25 g) was placed in the vagina with an applicator once weekly for 3 weeks (except for the first four patients, who were treated twice weekly). Results. Thirty-six of the 42 patients (86%) available for follow-up were clear of VAIN lesions (as assessed by colposcopy) 1 week or later after the last dose of treatment. The remaining six patients cleared after a total of two (five patients) and three (one patient) treatment cycles. Vulvar or vestibular excoriation was reported in only 2 of 56 patients. No patients had vaginal ulceration. Conclusions. A very low dosing regimen of imiquimod 5% cream appears to be an effective and well-tolerated treatment for VAIN (primarily low grade.)
Engineering of a Single Conserved Amino Acid Residue of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Thymidine Kinase Allows a Predominant Shift from Pyrimidine to Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylation*

Studies of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) thymidine (dThd) kinase (TK) crystal structures show that purine and pyrimidine bases occupy distinct positions in the active site but approximately the same geometric plane. The presence of a bulky side chain, such as tyrosine at position 167, would not be sterically favorable for pyrimidine or pyrimidine nucleoside analogue binding, whereas purine nucleoside analogues would be less affected because they are located further away from the phenylalanine side chain. Site-directed mutagenesis of the conserved Ala-167 and Ala-168 residues in HSV-1 TK resulted in a wide variety of differential affinities and catalytic activities in the presence of the natural substrate dThd and the purine nucleoside analogue drug ganciclovir (GCV), depending on the nature of the amino acid mutation. A168H- and A167F-mutated HSV-1 TK enzymes turned out to have a virtually complete knock-out of dThd kinase activity (at least ∼4-5 orders of magnitude lower) presumably due to a steric clash between the mutated amino acid and the dThd ring. In contrast, a full preservation of the GCV (and other purine nucleoside analogues) kinase activity was achieved for A168H TK. The enzyme mutants also markedly lost their binding capacity for dThd and showed a substantially diminished feedback inhibition by thymidine 5′-triphosphate. The side chain size at position 168 seems to play a less important role regarding GCV or dThd selectivity than at position 167. Instead, the nitrogen-containing side chains from A168H and A168K seem necessary for efficient ligand discrimination. This explains why A168H-mutated HSV-1 TK fully preserves its GCV kinase activity (Vmax/Km 4-fold higher than wild-type HSV-1 TK), although still showing a severely compromised dThd kinase activity (Vmax/Km 3-4 orders of magnitude lower than wild-type HSV-1 TK).
Kenneth Stewart Cole, 10 July 1900 - 18 April 1984

Kenneth Stewart Cole’s training was in classical physics and electrical engineering but he turned his skills to the investigation of the electrical properties of living tissues. Through an impressive combination of theoretical and experimental approaches, he made major contributions to our understanding of the surface membranes of many types of cells, and especially of the changes undergone by the electrical properties of the membranes of excitable cells when activated. In particular, his demonstration in 1938 (with H.J. Curtis) of a large increase in membrane conductance during the passage of a nerve impulse, without change of capacitance, was a major landmark.
Menstrual Cycle, Arousal-Induction, and Intelligence Test Performance

Regularly menstruating students (aged 19 to 25 yr.) were tested in the morning under high and low arousal-induction conditions (with time-pressure instructions vs without time-pressure instructions) during either midcycle (n = 16) or menstruation phase (n = 16) to study the interactive effects of menstrual phases and time-pressure stress-induced arousal on intelligence test scores on Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices and Hundal's General Mental Ability Test. A crossover interactive effect of menstrual phase and stress-induced arousal was found on performance of the Hundal test, suggesting that performance of subjects who were tested during the midcycle phase (putatively High Basal Arousal) was impaired under the time-pressure instructions condition (High-induced Arousal) as compared to performance under the without time-pressure instructions condition (Low-induced Arousal), with the reverse pattern of effects being true for subjects who were tested during the menstruation phase. Scores on Hundal's test conform to the Yerkes-Dodson (1908) law which relates arousal to task performance and suggests that the menstrual cycle and performance on the intelligence test was arousal-based. No effects, however, were observed for Raven's Matrices, raising the possibility that task characteristics may mediate the relationship between arousal and performance.
Sterilisation and the mentally handicapped.

the test therefore picks out all but the most sophisticated malingerers because most choose wrong answers throughout and score near zero. Normal people identify 35-40 correctly, and patients with partial anosmia score 15-35. One advantage is that after simple instruction the patient can perform the test unsupervised. Also available are sets of plastic squeeze bottles producing serial dilutions of pyridine vapour.4 These measure the threshold concentration at which an odour can be detected, but for the non-specialist centre this test has little advantage over the scratch and sniff tests. Finally, merely testing the sense of smell is not synonymous with investigating a complaint of olfactory disorder. All patients need a history taken and examination performed, with particular reference to neurological and nasopharyngeal problems. When no cause can be found for demonstrable olfactory loss, or when the patient's complaint persists despite negative findings on simple tests, referral to a specialist centre for more detailed assessment is necessary. Smell, the Cinderella ofthe senses, should be taken seriously.
GLOBAL ANALYSIS OF GENES INVOLVED IN FRESHWATER ADAPTATION IN THREESPINE STICKLEBACKS (GASTEROSTEUS ACULEATUS)

Examples of parallel evolution of phenotypic traits have been repeatedly demonstrated in threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) across their global distribution. Using these as a model, we performed a targeted genome scan—focusing on physiologically important genes potentially related to freshwater adaptation—to identify genetic signatures of parallel physiological evolution on a global scale. To this end, 50 microsatellite loci, including 26 loci within or close to (<6 kb) physiologically important genes, were screened in paired marine and freshwater populations from six locations across the Northern Hemisphere. Signatures of directional selection were detected in 24 loci, including 17 physiologically important genes, in at least one location. Although no loci showed consistent signatures of selection in all divergent population pairs, several outliers were common in multiple locations. In particular, seven physiologically important genes, as well as reference ectodysplasin gene (EDA), showed signatures of selection in three or more locations. Hence, although these results give some evidence for consistent parallel molecular evolution in response to freshwater colonization, they suggest that different evolutionary pathways may underlie physiological adaptation to freshwater habitats within the global distribution of the threespine stickleback.
Measurement of data complexity for classification problems with unbalanced data

We introduce a complexity measure for classification problems that takes account of deterioration in classifier performance as a result of class imbalance. The measure is based on k‐nearest neighbors. We explore the choices of k and the distance metric through a simulation study, and illustrate the use of our measure, and related data visualization techniques, with real datasets from the literature.
Genetically engineering milk

It has been thirty years since the first genetically engineered animal with altered milk composition was reported. During the intervening years, the world population has increased from 5bn to 7bn people. An increasing demand for protein in the human diet has followed this population expansion, putting huge stress on the food supply chain. Many solutions to the grand challenge of food security for all have been proposed and are currently under investigation and study. Amongst these, genetics still has an important role to play, aiming to continually enable the selection of livestock with enhanced traits. Part of the geneticist's tool box is the technology of genetic engineering. In this Invited Review, we indicate that this technology has come a long way, we focus on the genetic engineering of dairy animals and we argue that the new strategies for precision breeding demand proper evaluation as to how they could contribute to the essential increases in agricultural productivity our society must achieve.
Collection of disaster-related information by focusing on Twitter posts immediately after retweeting announcement posts

Utilizing Twitter posts during and after a disaster situation has been gaining attention since the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011. There have been numerous studies pertaining to the collection of disaster-related information from Twitter posts using keywords or hashtags. To obtain disaster-related information, we focus on tweets posted immediately after retweets of a disaster-related announcement post. In this study, we analyze “sample posts” that were tweeted as a result of the Ogasawara Islands off the West Coast Earthquake of 2015.
Transformation into language processing units by dividing and connecting utterance units

The utterance units that serve as input to speech translation and/or spoken dialogue systems that handle sponta-neous speech are not always sentences. However, the processing units of language translation are sentences. Since we do not have enough knowledge about the sentences of spoken languages, we use the term \language processing units" instead of \sentences. " First, using conventionally interpreted dialogue data, we show that utterance units sometimes need to be divided into several language processing units, and sometimes need to be connected to make up a single language processing unit. Next, we propose a method of transforming utterance units into language processing units based on pause information and the N -gram of (cid:12)ne-grained part-of-speech subcategories. We con(cid:12)rm in experiments that our method yields good results. The technique reported in this paper has been introduced into the ATR-MATRIX speech-to-speech translation system from Japanese to English.
Is pentoxifylline plus vitamin E an effective treatment for radiation-induced optic neuropathy?

(vitamins B1 and B6) may have been responsible for the optic neuropathy because her vision stabilized with appropriate supplementation. In the case reported by Traber et al (1) MRI showed enhancement of both optic nerves. Their patient developed rapid onset of decreased vision, and the MRI was performed 2 weeks after the onset. In contrast, our patient's visual loss was more chronic, and MRI was obtained approximately 2 months after the onset of visual failure. We believe that the late occurrence of optic neuropathy in our patient may, in part, be the result of strict control of his disease since birth. Fasting, the stress of the surgical procedure, and hyperammonemia that developed during surgery may have triggered optic nerve damage.
A simple method for calibrating collagenase/pronase E ratio to optimize heart cell isolation

Summary— A mixture of crude collagenase and non‐specific proteases has been used to isolate guinea pig ventricular heart cells. Measurements of collagenase activity with Wünsch's substrate and protein content with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) suggest that collagenase enzymes do not play a major role in heart cell isolation. On the other hand, an important factor in heart digestion seems to consist of some fractions of the proteases present in crude collagenase. It is also noted that crude collagenases do not present any sensitivity to added calcium but because this ion is important to obtain isolated cells its role is discussed. According to our results, the SDS‐PAGE method can be used to determine the appropriate enzyme concentrations to obtain calcium‐tolerant myocytes. These myocytes have electrophysiological properties as reported in the literature.
Are Satisfied Customers Always Loyal? - A Meta-Analytic Review and Assessment of Moderators of Customer Satisfaction-Loyalty Relationship

Customer satisfaction (CS) gains lots of attention since it is believed to bring loyalty. However, are satisfied customers always loyal? Using meta-analytical method and based on 27 studies published from 1980 to 2007, we construct the moderators of CS-loyalty relationship model in four dimensions: cultural context, economic development, industry background and research method; and then put forward the related hypotheses. It is found that the CS-loyalty relationship is stronger in the countries, where individualism, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity are higher, as well as in the industry with high involvement. Furthermore, it suggests that the CS-loyalty relationship is stronger when satisfaction is evaluated by single-item measures than multi-item measures.
Longitudinal study of sensitization to natural rubber latex among dental school students using powder-free gloves.

BACKGROUND A high rate of sensitization and clinical allergy to latex proteins has been reported in health care personnel. This is thought to be due to increased occupational exposure especially to natural rubber latex (NRL) gloves with an estimated prevalence varying widely (2.8-18%). OBJECTIVE This was a longitudinal study to monitor a cohort of first-year dental students throughout 4 study years during exposure to powder-free gloves. Their atopic status was determined by skin prick testing using a panel of common allergens, and any sensitivity to latex proteins and the cross-reacting food allergens assessed. METHODS Skin prick testing was carried out on the volunteers using latex, avocado, kiwi, banana, grass pollens, tree pollen, house dust mite and cat dander. Each volunteer completed a questionnaire detailing allergic history and any previous latex exposure. RESULTS Skin prick testing showed a 65% incidence of atopy in the longitudinal study group. Initial latex skin testing was positive in 3 of the 63 students followed throughout their period of study. Subsequent testing gave a negative result in one student and one declined retesting. The third continued to give a positive response on each testing; she wore only nitrile gloves and remained free of clinical NRL allergy symptoms. No student developed latex sensitivity during the 5 yr of this study. CONCLUSION Exposure to powder-free latex gloves was not associated with subsequent sensitization over 5 yr in a population with a high atopic incidence.
Bidirectional regulation of two DNA‐damage‐inducible genes, MAG1 and DDI1, from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

MAG1 encodes a Saccharomyces cerevisiae 3‐methyladenine DNA glycosylase that initiates a base‐excision‐repair pathway and protects yeast cells from killing by methylating agents such as methyl methanesulphonate (MMS). In the promoter region of the MAG1 gene, there is an 8 bp GC‐rich direct repeat (DR). Here we report that the DR sequence functions as an upstream activating site (UAS) that upregulates the expression of MAG1 as well as another DNA‐damage‐inducible gene, DDI1, which is transcribed divergently from MAG1. Deletions, or point mutations, within this repeat completely abolished DNA‐damage induction and resulted in a reduced basal‐level expression for both MAG1 and DDI1 genes. Furthermore, yeast cells carrying the MAG1 gene with the DR deletion displayed an increased sensitivity to MMS compared with wild‐type cells. The DR sequence alone can activate transcription of a CYC1 minimal promoter and confer a partial DNA‐damage responsiveness. Electrophoretic mobility‐shift assays indicate that the DR function is not due to interaction with the yeast RPA. Like MAG1the DDI1 gene is also controlled by an upstream repressing site (URS) located 5′ to the direct repeat. Based on this and previous studies, a model is proposed whereby the constitutive expression of MAG1 and DDI1 is controlled by two functionally opposite regulatory elements, UAS and URS, probably through an antagonistic mechanism, whereas the damage‐induced expression appears to be regulated by mechanisms of derepression at the URS as well as activation at the UAS.
Gender Recognition using Hog with Maximized Inter-Class Difference

Several methods and features have been proposed for gender recognition problem. Histogram of oriented gradients (Hog) is a widely used feature in image processing. This study proposes a gender recognition method using full body features. Human body from side and front view were represented by Hog. Using all bins in the histogram requires longer time for training. In order to decrease the computation time, descriptor size should be decreased. Inter-class difference was obtained as a vector and sorted in a descending order. The bins with the largest value were selected among this vector. Random forest and Adaboost methods were used for the recognition. As a result of both tests, the classifier using first 100 bins with maximum difference gives the optimum performance in terms of accuracy rate and computation time. Although Adaboost performed faster, the accuracy of random forest is higher in full body gender recognition.
RECONSTRUCTIVE RECALL IN SENTENCES WITH ALTERNATIVE SURFACE STRUCTURES

The present experiment examined recall for sentences admitting optional surface transformations. Such sentences were consistently more difficult to recall correctly than were control sentences which did not admit optional transformations. There were strong biases in the degree to which the two surface forms of an optional-transform sentence were correctly recalled. The recall biases showed little relation to the transformational status of the sentences, but showed a strong relation to speech production preference ratings, supporting a theory of memory which postulates that sentences are remembered in terms of their underlying meanings and that in recall the speech output system is used to reco~~struct new surface structures for these retained meanings.
Image segmentation and classification of white blood cells with the extreme learning machine and the fast relevance vector machine

White blood cells (WBCs) or leukocytes are an important part of the body's defense against infectious organisms and foreign substances. WBC segmentation is a challenging issue because of the morphological diversity of WBCs and the complex and uncertain background of blood smear images. The standard ELM classification techniques are used for WBC segmentation. The generalization performance of the ELM classifier has not achieved the maximum nearest accuracy of image segmentation. This paper gives a novel technique for WBC detection based on the fast relevance vector machine (Fast-RVM). Firstly, astonishingly sparse relevance vectors (RVs) are obtained while fitting the histogram by RVM. Next, the relevant required threshold value is directly sifted from these limited RVs. Finally, the entire connective WBC regions are segmented from the original image. The proposed method successfully works for WBC detection, and effectively reduces the effects brought about by illumination and staining. To achieve the maximum accuracy of the RVM classifier, we design a search for the best value of the parameters that tune its discriminant function, and upstream by looking for the best subset of features that feed the classifier. Therefore, this proposed RVM method effectively works for WBC detection, and effectively reduces the computational time and preserves the images.