Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Privacy-Preserving Sharing of Health Data using Hybrid Anonymisation Techniques-A Comparison

Data anonymisation is not a trivial task due to the challenge of balancing the trade-off between anonymity and data utility. A fairly new attempt to address this challenge is the development of hybrid anonymisation algorithms a combination of syntactic privacy models, often k-anonymity, and differential privacy. However, the complexity of evaluating the performance of anonymisation algorithms makes it difficult to draw conclusions of their performance in contrast to one another. To be able to use the algorithms in practice it is important to understand the differences between different algorithms and their strength and weaknesses in different settings. This project addressed this by comparing two recently proposed hybrid anonymisation algorithms, MDP and SafePub, to study their applicability on medical datasets. The algorithms were applied on different datasets, among them a medical dataset from the wild. The resulting performance was based on the information loss and disclosure risk for the anonymised datasets. While MDP had less information loss for stronger privacy guarantees, it is less suitable for medical datasets since the datasets are anonymised under the assumption that all attributes in the dataset are independent. SafePub on the other hand, while keeping the attribute dependencies intact, had a substantial information loss for stronger privacy levels. Therefore, which algorithm that is best suitable depends on the dataset characteristics, the required privacy level and the acceptable information loss. It is of course possible that neither of the models are suitable for a specific use case. Also, to conclude a general performance for the algorithms on medical datasets, more tests are needed.
Efficient wind turbine blades, wind turbine blade structures, and associated systems and methods of manufacture, assembly and use

본 발명은 풍력 터빈 시스템 및 방법에 관한 것이다. 대표적인 시스템은 내부 하중-지지 트러스 구조물을 갖는 내측 구역, 및 내부 하중-지지 비트러스 구조물을 갖는 외측 구역을 갖는 풍력 터빈 블레이드를 구비한다. 특정 실시예에서, 트러스 구조물은 스파의 삼각형 배열을 가질 수 있으며, 그리고/또는 스파 내의 구멍을 사용하지 않고 트러스의 부품을 연결하는 트러스 부착 부재를 구비할 수 있다. 스파는 종방향 연장되는 부분에서 함께 적층되는 복수의 인발성형된 복합 부재로 제조될 수 있다. 종방향 연장되는 부분은 각각의 스파 부분의 돌출부와 오목부를 교호 배치하는 결합부에서 연결될 수 있다. 블레이드는, 적층된 층 및/또는 적층된 층과 이행 판의 조합에 의해 형성되는 팬-형상 이행부를 허브 부착부에 구비할 수 있다.
Early phase of user involvement to validate the minimum viable product: An approach of Lean UX

Early product design and development in startup is filled with various challenges due to lack of resources, product idea, finding the targets markets, and so on. Scientific literature did not concentrate on those challenges during the development of the minimum viable product (MVP) in startups. The aim of this research was to create an MVP to collect user feedback to validate the initial product idea and discover the challenges and benefits when collecting user feedback. A case of FOOODO (web-based food selling application) was considerated as startup situation to validate the idea by collecting unbiased user feedback. The result of the study presented the way of collecting feedback from potential users to validate the first version of the product in start-ups context towards the MVP. To conduct the research a qualitative semi structured interview, observation and design science research (DSR) was used. The findings of the study presented the way of creating MVP through Lean UX process and various challenges factors subjected to MVP, future product concept, usability of MVP, right user selection and environment settings. The result of the study suggested that most of the potential user are not able to understand the future product concept until they see something visually, whereas MVP plays an important role for collecting user feedback during the development of the first version of the product. The research will contribute to the user experience (UX) practitioner’s community to understand the challenges by various factors that start-ups face during user feedback and MVP experimentation session and discover the benefits of collecting feedback with a minimum version of the product.
Evolutionary engineering of Lactobacillus bulgaricus reduces enzyme usage and enhances conversion of lignocellulosics to D-lactic acid by simultaneous sacchari�cation and fermentation

Background Simultaneous sacchari�cation and fermentation (SSF) of pre-treated lignocellulosics to biofuels and other platform chemicals has long been a promising alternative to separate hydrolysis and fermentation processes. However, the disparity between the optimum conditions (temperature, pH) for fermentation and enzyme hydrolysis leads to execution of the SSF process at sub-optimal conditions, which can affect the rate of hydrolysis and cellulose conversion. The fermentation conditions could be synchronized with hydrolysis optima by carrying out the SSF at a higher temperature, but this would require a thermo-tolerant organism. Economically viable production of platform chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) has long been stymied because of the signi�cantly higher cost of hydrolytic enzymes. The major objective of this work is to develop an SSF strategy for D- lactic acid production by a thermo-tolerant organism, in which the enzyme loading could signi�cantly be reduced without compromising on the overall conversion. laboratory
Modulation of chemokines and allergic airway inflammation by selective local S1P1 agonism in lungs

Sphingosine-1-phosphate and its receptors have emerged as important modulators of the immune response. The sphingosine-1-phosphate pro-drug FTY720 can alleviate experimental allergic airway inflammation. Nevertheless, the role of individual sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors in the regulation of allergic airway inflammation remains undefined. Using a newly characterized potent and selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) agonist with physical properties allowing airway delivery, we studied to the contribution of S1P1 signaling to eosinophilic airway inflammation induced in ovalbumin-immunized mice by airway challenges with ovalbumin. Airways delivery of receptor-non-selective sphingosine-1-phosphate pro-drug significantly inhibits the sequential accumulation of antigen presenting dendritic cells and CD4 + T cells in draining lymph nodes. This in turn suppressed by >80% the accumulation of CD4 + T cell and eosinophils in the airways. Systemic delivery of sphingosine-1-phosphate pro-drug or of an S1P1-specific agonist at doses sufficient to induce lymphopenia did not inhibit eosinophil accumulation in the airways. In contrast, local airway delivery of S1P1-specific agonist inhibited airways release of endogenous CCL5 and CCL17 chemokines, and significantly suppressed accumulation of activated T cells and eosinophils in the lungs. Specific S1P1 agonism in lungs contributes significantly to anti-inflammatory activities of sphingosine-1-phosphate therapeutics by suppressing chemokine release in the airways, and may be of clinical relevance.
Detecting a Taxi from a Video for Visually Handicapped People

: This paper proposes a method of detecting a specific moving object, a taxi in particular, on a road from a video provided from a camera attached to a user. In order to raise the quality of life of visually handicapped people, a computer vision system which works in place of their eyes and a brain may be useful. As one of such systems, this study focuses its attention on finding a taxi on a road which is a convenient vehicle to such people as a means of transfer outdoors. The novel idea of this study is that a camera and a PC system for finding a taxi is carried by a user, a visually handicapped person, for example. The proposed method employs the HOG features to represent a vehicle, and finds a taxi by Real AdaBoost and color information with the detected vehicle. The performance of the proposed method is shown experimentally.
Internet Monitoring Research on Derivative Public Opinions of Emergencies Oriented with Subject Extraction —Take the Case of Nanny Arson in Hangzhou on “June 22”

: This paper aims to adopt the means and methods of emotional analysis and subject mining to analyze and judge the relation between emotional trend of online public opinions and evolution and change of the situation, so as to provide reference to monitoring and handling of public opinions for the government. The emotional dictionary construction for public opinions of fire services is conducted with PMI-IR algorithm in way of domain dictionary construction, and the subject extraction and emotional analysis are conducted for topic comments related to “nanny arson” in micro-blogs and forums in combination with the public opinion features of domestic fire control. The emotional trend and the focus of netizens can be promptly mastered in the time dimension with the methods of emotional dictionary construction and subject extraction adopted in the paper, thus providing certain guidance to prompt monitoring of public opinions and the perspective selection for information issuance.
LATERAL ELECTROPHORESIS AND DIFFUSION OF CONCANAVALIN A RECEPTORS IN THE MEMBRANE OF EMBRYONIC MUSCLE CELL

A uniform electric field of 10 V/cm applied across the surface of embryonic toad Xenopus muscle cells results in the asymmetric accumulation of concanavalin A (Con A) receptors toward one side of the ceils within 10 min, as visualized by postfield fluorescent Con A labeling. This field produces an extracellular voltage difference of 20 mV across these 20-~m wide cells. The effect is reversible in two respects: (a) Additional exposure of the cell to the same field of opposite polarity for I0 min completely reverses the asymmetric accumulation to the other side of the cell. (b) Relaxation occurs after the removal of the field and results in complete recovery of the uniform distribution in 30 min. Both the accumulation and the recovery movements are independent of cell metabolism, and appear to be electrophoretic and diffusional in nature. The threshold field required to induce a detectable accumulation by the present method is between 1.0 and 1.5 V/cm (corresponding to a voltage difference of 2-3 mV across a 20/xm wide cell). The electrophoretic mobility of the most mobile population of nonliganded Con A receptors is estimated to be about 2 x 10 -3/zm/s per V/cm, while their diffusion coefficient is in the range of 4-7 x 10 -l~ cm~/s. Extensive accumulation of the Con A receptors by an electric field results in the formation of immobile aggregates. The Con A receptors appear to consist of a heterogeneous population of membrane components different in their charge properties, mobility, and capability in forming aggregates.
An overview on need for automatic structural detailing of line elements in BIM tools

Structural detailing is done to provide adequate ductility to the structure and avoid failures due to different design parameters. Ductility is the ability of reinforced concrete members to undergo considerable deflection before failure. This characteristic of reinforced concrete is crucial as it indicates failure and prevents total collapse and damage of a structure. This is especially significant in seismic zones. Different design codes and detailing manuals are used for structural detailing. The main objective of this paper is to review the non-seismic and seismic detailing philosophy of RCC line elements and provide the need for automatic structural detailing of line elements in BIM tools. Therefore, a literature study was done to review and discuss the ability of BIM tools in the structural detailing of line elements. It was highlighted that BIM tools lack certain features that could automate the rebar selection in RCC line elements. The overview concludes with a detailed discussion of different aspects of non-seismic and seismic detailing of RCC line elements. up construction and reduce construction waste which ultimately helps in saving the economy and resources. Different optimization techniques are also used to achieve economy in the AEC industry. This study covers the critical review on the non-automation of the non-seismic and seismic detailing of RCC line from forces to rebars in BIM tools, economic aspect, and need for automation in BIM tools. Non-seismic and seismic detailing of beams.
Augmented Pain-Evoked Primary Sensorimotor Cortex Activation in Adolescent Girls with Juvenile Fibromyalgia

Objective: Juvenile fibromyalgia (JFM) is a chronic widespread pain condition that primarily affects adolescent girls. Previous studies have found increased sensitivity to noxious pressure in adolescents with JFM. However, the underlying changes in brain systems remain unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize pain-evoked brain responses and identify brain mediators of pain hypersensitivity in adolescent girls with JFM. Methods: Thirty-three adolescent girls with JFM and thirty-three healthy adolescent girls underwent functional MRI scans involving noxious pressure applied to the left thumbnail at an intensity of 2.5 or 4 kg/cm2 and rated pain intensity and unpleasantness on a computerized visual analogue scale. We conducted standard general linear model analyses and exploratory whole-brain mediation analyses, and computed pain-evoked brain responses within seven major cortical networks. Results: The JFM group reported significantly greater pain intensity and unpleasantness than the control group in response to noxious pressure stimuli at both intensities (p<0.05). The JFM group showed augmented right primary somatosensory cortex (S1) activation to 4 kg/cm2 (Z>3.1, cluster-corrected p<0.05), and the peak S1 activation magnitudes correlated with Widespread Pain Index scores (r=0.35, p=0.048). In the JFM group, we also found augmented activation of the somatomotor network in response to 2.5 kg/cm2, and greater primary sensorimotor cortex activation in response to 4kg/cm2 mediated the between-group differences in pain intensity ratings (p<0.001). Conclusion: We found heightened sensitivity to noxious pressure stimuli and augmented pain-evoked sensorimotor cortex responses in adolescent girls with JFM, which could reflect central sensitization or amplified nociceptive input.
Semantic and phonetic markers in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders; a combinatory machine learning approach

Introduction: Speech is a promising marker for schizophrenia-spectrum disorder diagnosis, as it closely reflects symptoms. Previous approaches have made use of different feature domains of speech in classification, including semantic and phonetic features. However, an examination of the relative contribution and accuracy per domain remains an area of active investigation. Here, we examine these domains (i.e. phonetic and semantic) separately and in combination. Methods: Using a semi-structured interview with neutral topics, speech of 94 schizophrenia-spectrum subjects (SSD) and 73 healthy controls (HC) was recorded. Phonetic features were extracted using a standardized feature set, and transcribed interviews were used to assess word connectedness using a word2vec model. Separate cross-validated random forest classifiers were trained on each feature domain. A third, combinatory classifier was used to combine features from both domains. Results: The phonetic domain random forest achieved 81% accuracy in classifying SSD from HC. For the semantic domain, the classifier reached an accuracy of 80% with a sparse set of features with 10-fold cross-validation. Joining features from the domains, the combined classifier reached 85% accuracy, significantly improving on models trained on separate domains. Top features were fragmented speech for phonetic and variance of connectedness for semantic, with both being the top features for the combined classifier. Discussion: Both semantic and phonetic domains achieved similar results compared with previous research. Combining these features shows the relative value of each domain, as well as the increased classification performance from implementing features from multiple domains. Explainability of models and their feature importance is a requirement for future clinical applications.
Use of machine learning methods to understand discussions of female genital mutilation/cutting on social media

Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) describes several procedures that involve injury to the vulva or vagina for nontherapeutic reasons. Though at least 200 million women and girls living in 30 countries have undergone FGM/C, there is a paucity of studies focused on public perception of FGM/C. We used machine learning methods to characterize discussion of FGM/C on Twitter in English from 2015 to 2020. Twitter has emerged in recent years as a source for seeking and sharing health information and misinformation. We extracted text metadata from user profiles to characterize the individuals and locations involved in conversations about FGM/C. We extracted major discussion themes from posts using correlated topic modeling. Finally, we extracted features from posts and applied random forest models to predict user engagement. The volume of tweets addressing FGM/C remained fairly stable across years. Conversation was mostly concentrated among the United States and United Kingdom through 2017, but shifted to Nigeria and Kenya in 2020. Some of the discussion topics associated with FGM/C across years included Islam, International Day of Zero Tolerance, current news stories, education, activism, male circumcision, human rights, and feminism. Tweet length and follower count were consistently strong predictors of engagement. Our findings suggest that (1) discussion about FGM/C has not evolved significantly over time, (2) the majority of the conversation about FGM/C on English-speaking Twitter is advocating for an end to the practice, (3) supporters of Donald Trump make up a substantial voice in the conversation about FGM/C, and (4) understanding the nuances in how people across cultures refer to and discuss FGM/C could be important for the design of public health communication and intervention.
Correlates of prior HIV testing and schistosomiasis treatment: Baseline survey findings from the “creating demand for fishermen’s schistosomiasis HIV services” (FISH) cluster-randomized trial in Mangochi, Malawi

Background Fishing exposes fishermen to schistosomiasis-infested fresh water and concurrently through precarious livelihoods to risky sexual behaviour, rendering these two infections occupational hazards for fishermen. This study aimed to characterize the knowledge of the two conditions to obtain necessary data for a subsequent cluster randomized trial designed to investigate demand creation strategies for joint HIV-schistosomiasis service provision in fishing villages on the shores of southern Lake Malawi. Methods Enumeration of all resident fishermen in 45 clusters (fishing communities) was carried out between November 2019 and February 2020. In a baseline survey, fishermen reported their knowledge, attitudes and practices in the uptake of HIV and schistosomiasis services. Knowledge of HIV status, previous receipt of praziquantel and willingness to attend a beach clinic were modelled using random effects binomial regression, accounting for clustering. Results A total of 6,297 fishermen were surveyed from the 45 clusters with harmonic mean number of fishermen per cluster of 112 (95% CI: 97; 134). The mean age was 31.7y (SD: 11.9) and nearly 40% (2,474/6,297) could not read or write. Overall, 1,334/6,293 (21.2%) had never tested for HIV, with 64.4% (3,191/4,956) having tested in the last 12 months, and 5.9% (373/6290) taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). In adjusted analyses, being able to read and write (adjusted risk ratio [aRR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.59-2.29, p<0.001); previous use of praziquantel (aRR: 2.00,95% CI: 1.73-2.30, p<0.001); knowing a relative or friend who died of HIV (aRR: 1.54,95% CI: 1.33-1.79, p<0.001); and being on ART (aRR: 12.93, 95% CI: 6.25-32.93, p<0.001) were associated with increased likelihood of ever testing for HIV. Only 40% (1,733/4,465) had received praziquantel in the last 12 months. Every additional year of age was associated with 1% decreased likelihood of having taken praziquantel in the last 12 months (aRR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98-0.99, p<0.001). However, recent HIV testing increased the likelihood of taking praziquantel by over 2-fold (aRR 2.24, 95% CI: 1.93-2.62, p<0.001). Willingness to attend a mobile beach clinic offering integrated HIV and schistosomiasis services was extremely high at 99.0% (6,224/6,284). Conclusion In a setting with an underlying high prevalence of both HIV and schistosomiasis, we found low knowledge of HIV status and low utilization of free schistosomiasis treatment. Among fishermen who accessed HIV services, there was a very high likelihood of taking praziquantel suggesting that integrated service delivery may lead to good coverage.
Fully Quantitative Measurements of the Antibody Levels for SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Vaccinations calibrated against the NISTmAb Standard IgG Antibody

Humanised recombinant antibodies specific to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein were calibrated against the NISTmAb standard human antibody to produce a fully quantitative antibody assay. The assay allows comparative studies between patient cohorts to be performed from which common properties may be derived. Two cohorts comparing patient vaccine response to AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S (AZ, 35 patients) and Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 (Pfizer, 25 patients) shows close association of the 31st percentile of the AZ distribution (2.90 {+/-} 1.10 mg/L) and the 7th percentile of the Pfizer distribution (1.11 {+/-} 1.10 mg/L) corresponding to the efficacy of the vaccines at preventing infection. The AZ IgG response distribution varies from 0.6 mg/L-25.4 mg/L with an average (mode) of 3.3 {+/-} 1.0 mg/L; the Pfizer response distribution varies from 0.6 mg/L to 33.1 mg/L with a mode of 3.7 {+/-} 1.0 mg/L. A third patient cohort looked at the recovery of 195 SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR-positive patient samples and 200 pre-pandemic patient samples. A fourth patient cohort reviewed the NIBSC Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Verification Panel. The diagnostic cut-off for RT-PCR-positive patient samples was 1.34 {+/-} 1.10 mg/L and the NIBSC panel separated seropositive and seronegative samples at 1.90 {+/-} 1.10 mg/L. The mean value of the two prevention and two recovery thresholds is 1.8 mg/L with 95% confidence limits of 0.2-3.4 mg/L. In recovery and, critically, infection prevention, an antibody concentration threshold estimate of 3.4 mg/L appears mechanistically important. An antibody immunity threshold predicting a mucosal concentration preventing SARS-CoV-2 colonisation of the nasopharyngeal cavity is discussed.