Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Turbulence and Flow–Sediment Interactions in Open-Channel Flows

The main focus of this Special Issue of Water is the state-of-the-art and recent research on turbulence and flow–sediment interactions in open-channel flows. Our knowledge of river hydraulics is becoming deeper and deeper, thanks to both laboratory/field experiments related to the characteristics of turbulence and their link to the erosion, transport, deposition, and local scouring phenomena. Collaboration among engineers, physicists, and other experts is increasing and furnishing new inter/multidisciplinary perspectives to the research in river hydraulics and fluid mechanics. At the same time, the development of both sophisticated laboratory instrumentation and computing skills is giving rise to excellent experimental–numerical comparative studies. Thus, this Special Issue, with ten papers by researchers from many institutions around the world, aims at offering a modern panoramic view on all the above aspects to the vast audience of river researchers.
On Barriers to Accessing Children’s Voices in School Based Research

In the research conducted since the inception of the CRC, relatively little theoretically-driven psychological work has been devoted to exploring the issue of children’s rights in classrooms and schools (Urinboyev, Wickenberg, & Leo, 2016). The purpose of this paper is to take a step back and hypothesize based on personal experience, as a research psychologist, the reasons for the relative absence of theoretically-driven empirical research. The motivation for this work stems from the following premises: Psychologists are naturally interested in studying children in a variety of domains. The school is one of the two most important domains in a child’s life; the other being the home environment. However, the study of children in school settings is controlled by school administrators and teachers. As Urinboyev et al. (2016, p. 536) state “some studies [have] found that there is a strong resistance among teachers to accept fully children as rights holders in many schools… . ” Consequently, there are significant challenges for researchers in accessing children’s voices about matters that pertain to them in school settings.
The Effectiveness of the Heated Humidified High Flow Nasal Cannula as an Initial Noninvasive Respiratory Support for Preterm Infants Suffering from Respiratory Distress

Aims: to compare the efficacy and safety of the heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula as a noninvasive respiratory support for the initial management of respiratory distress in preterm infants ≥ 30 weeks gestation with birth weight ≥ 1300 g at different flow rates (3 L/min and 6 L/min) on admission. Study Design: A Randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration of Study: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Pediatrics department, Tanta University Hospitals, over one-year period, from December 2018 to December 2019. Methodology: 30 preterm neonates, with gestational ages ranged between 30 to 36 weeks and birth weight ≥ 1300 g, were randomized to receive HHHFNC at either flow rate 3 or 6 L\min as an initial respiratory support. Primary outcomes included: the incidence of treatment failure of the HHHFNC at flow 3 L/min and 6 L/min, which will require n CPAP or NIMV, or will require intubation. Original Research Article Nofal et al.; JAMMR, 32(21): 1-13, 2020; Article no.JAMMR. 62431 2 Secondary outcomes included: rate of deaths at any time after randomization, the total duration of all types of oxygen support and incidence of neonatal morbidities such as nasal trauma, symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH ≥ grade II), pneumothorax, pulmonary hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), apnea, sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC ≥ stage II). Results: the incidence of the need for higher flow rate of HHHFNC (n=11, 36.6%) , the need for n CPAP or NIMV after failure of higher flow rate of HHHFNC (n=11, 36.6%), the need for intubation & MV (n=1, 3.3%), the incidence of nasal trauma (n=7, 23.3%), BPD (n=0) , IVH ≥ II (n=0), NEC ≥II (n=0), pneumothorax (n=0) , the median duration of hospitalization =10 days (7-15), the median duration of all oxygen support = 6.5 days (6-7). The failure rate was 11 out of 30 infants (36.6%), no deaths or pulmonary haemorrhage. Conclusion: HHHFNC use shows similar rates of efficacy to other forms of noninvasive respiratory support in preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support with lesser complications. There were better outcomes with higher gestational age and birth weight at either flow rates 3 or 6 L/min.
Variability of Multisite Decadal Running Means Arising from Year-To-Year Fluctuations

Decadal mean variables are frequently used to characterize decadal climate variabilities. Decadal means are often calculated using yearly data, which can represent variability at time scales from annual to centennial. Residuals from interannual fluctuations may contribute to the variability in decadal time series. Such variability is more difficult to be predicted at the long range. Removing it from the decadal variability means that the remaining variability is more likely to arise from slowly varying multidecadal or longer time scale external forcing and internal climate dynamics, which are more likely to be predicted. Here, a new approach is proposed to understand the uncertainty, potential predictability, and drivers of decadal mean variables. The covariance matrix of multivariate decadal running means is decomposed into unpredictable fast decadal variability and the potentially predictable slow decadal variability. EOF analysis is then applied to the decomposed matrices to find the dominant modes, which may be related to the drivers of the two types of variabilities in the multivariate decadal means. The methodology has been applied to 140-yr datasets of North Pacific sea surface temperature and the Northern Hemisphere 1000-hPa geopotential height. For sea surface temperature, the Pacific decadal oscillation is the major driver of the fast decadal variability, while the radiative forcing and the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation are major drivers of the slow decadal variability. For the 1000-hPa geopotential height, fast decadal variability is associated with the northern annular mode, the east Atlantic mode, and the Pacific decadal oscillation. Slow decadal variability is associated with the northern annular mode and the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation.
A Framework for Big Data Analytical Process and Mapping—BAProM: Description of an Application in an Industrial Environment

This paper presents an application of a framework for Big Data Analytical Process and Mapping—BAProM—consisting of four modules: Process Mapping, Data Management, Data Analysis, and Predictive Modeling. The framework was conceived as a decision support tool for industrial business, encompassing the whole big data analytical process. The first module incorporates in big data analytical a mapping of processes and variables, which is not common in such processes. This is a proposal that proved to be adequate in the practical application that was developed. Next, an analytical “workbench” was implemented for data management and exploratory analysis (Modules 2 and 3) and, finally, in Module 4, the implementation of artificial intelligence algorithm support predictive processes. The modules are adaptable to different types of industry and problems and can be applied independently. The paper presents a real-world application seeking as final objective the implementation of a predictive maintenance decision support tool in a hydroelectric power plant. The process mapping in the plant identified four subsystems and 100 variables. With the support of the analytical workbench, all variables have been properly analyzed. All underwent a cleaning process and many had to be transformed, before being subjected to exploratory analysis. A predictive model, based on a decision tree (DT), was implemented for predictive maintenance of equipment, identifying critical variables that define the imminence of an equipment failure. This DT model was combined with a time series forecasting model, based on artificial neural networks, to project those critical variables for a future time. The real-world application showed the practical feasibility of the framework, particularly the effectiveness of the analytical workbench, for pre-processing and exploratory analysis, as well as the combined predictive model, proving effectiveness by providing information on future events leading to equipment failures.
The Relationship between Eating Behaviors of Children and Mothers, and Nutritional Status of Children

Introduction: Parents have a significant impact on child nutrition and the child's eating habits in long-term behavior. This study aims to examine the effects of mothers' attitudes on the eating behaviors of children and the determination of their nutritional status. Method: Children's eating habits and mothers' eating attitudes were examined in 417 children with face-to-face interviews using the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ). The participants' anthropometric characteristics were determined, and body mass indexes (kg/m2) were calculated. AnthroPlus software was used to determine the children’s BMI-for-age Z-scores. BeBiS nutrition information system was used to assess children’s food intake. Results: The mothers' median BMI was above the overweight threshold. The lowest CFQ score was for perceived child weight, and the maximum score was for food restriction. Significant differences were found in mothers ages, mothers' BMIs, children's WAZ and BAZ scores, and BMIs, weight (p<0.001), perceived parent weight scores (p=0.04), and pressure to eat (p=0.04). Families should be conscious about nutrition for the protection and promotion of children's health.
Fast labile carbon turnover obscures sensitivity of heterotrophic respiration from soil to temperature: A model analysis

Labile carbon, although often a small fraction of soil organic carbon (SOC), significantly affects heterotrophic respiration at short timescales because of its rapid decomposition. However, in the current literature, most soil respiration measurements are interpreted without simultaneous information on labile carbon pool dynamics. Sensitivity of soil respiration to temperature is routinely derived directly from field observations, and such relationships have been used to extrapolate effects of global change (e.g., warming) on carbon emission from SOC. Here we use a multipool SOC model to demonstrate the impacts of seasonal fluctuations of labile carbon pools on interpretation of soil respiration measurements. We find that labile carbon pool sizes vary widely in response to seasonal changes in representative plant material inputs and temperature even though the model is operating at equilibrium in terms of annual means. Convolution of the dynamics of fast turnover carbon pools and temporal progression in temperature lead to misrepresentation and misinterpretation of the heterotrophic respiration‐temperature relationships estimated from bulk soil CO2 exchanges. Temperature sensitivity is overestimated when the variations of labile carbon pools and temperature are in phase and underestimated when they are out of phase. Furthermore, with normally used observation time windows (weeks to a year), temperature sensitivity is more likely to be underestimated. A distortion of temperature sensitivity (Q10) from 2 (actual, sensitive dependence on temperature) to nearly 1 (false, no dependence on temperature) is shown. Applying estimated temperature sensitivity parameter back into the model considerably overestimates soil carbon storage at equilibrium. Our findings indicate that caution must be taken when soil respiration‐temperature relationships are evaluated based on bulk soil observations and when sensitivity of soil respiration to temperature estimated directly under field conditions is used to predict future carbon cycle‐climate feedbacks.
On inorganic N uptake by vascular plants: Can 15N tracer techniques resolve the NH4+ versus NO3− “preference” conundrum?

The relative uptake by plants of the two ionic nitrogen (N) forms, ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−), has been the subject of much interest during the past 50 years, resulting in a considerable scientific literature. The general idea is that plants have choice, resulting in preference for either one mineral N form or the other. Unfortunately, there is no specific definition of preference or agreement on how it should be measured. In this review, we critically examine the alternative techniques that have been used to measure the relative uptake of NH4+ and NO3− by plants, including those based on unlabelled sources, 15N‐enriched mineral N forms and variations in the 15N natural abundance of mineral N sources. The main difficulty with using unlabelled N is the antecedent N in plant tissue prior to the imposition of treatments. Although 15N‐enrichment overcomes this obstacle, it is nevertheless difficult to separate uptake as 15NH4+, uptake as 15NO3− and uptake as 15NO3− derived from the nitrification of 15NH4+. With 15N natural abundance, isotopic fractionation during plant uptake complicates the interpretation of data. There is increasing evidence that plants exhibit flexibility or plasticity with respect to the use of mineral N forms rather than preference.
Studies on the Authenticity of Local Wines by Spectroscopic and Chemometric Analysis

The authenticity of 91 wines produced in Cyprus from both indigenous and other vine varieties were investigated by a holistic approach, using advanced technology such as SNIF-NMR (site-specific natural isotopic fractionation-nuclear magnetic resonance) and IR-MS (isotope ratio-mass spectrometry) for the determination of the stable isotopes and ICP (inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy) for some heavy metals. The spectroscopic characteristics were evaluated statistically using different chemometric methods. The dependency of the D/H (deuterium/hydrogen) ratio of the methylene site in the ethanol molecule (D/H)II and also the δ 18 O values of the wine water, were the most useful discriminators. Isotopic results allow us to have a complete idea about the regional variability of the isotopes. Among the metals, Ni followed by Pb was the ones with the highest discrimination value. The determined concentrations of Pb, Ni, Cr and Cd that are related to the safety of wines were within the acceptable limits that have been established by the OIV (international organization of vine and wine) or comparable with the results of the wines of other European countries. The study of the correlation between the load of heavy metals and isotopes in wines showed a dependence on the grape variety but not the geographical location of the vineyard. This is probably due to the close proximity of wine regions in Cyprus.
INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WELDING ELECTRODES USED FOR HIGH STRENGTH LOW ALLOY STEELS

Bu calismada GeKa Tempo B65 elektrotlari yuksek mukavemetli dusuk alasimli (HSLA) S355JR celiginin kaynaginda kullanilmistir. Eksi sicakliklarda elektrotlarin darbe dayaniminin arttirilmasi amaclanmaktadir. Malzemelerin mekanik ozelliklerini incelemek icin cekme, centik darbe testi ve CTOD testi yapilmistir. Kaynak yontemi olarak ortulu elektrik ark kaynagi secilmistir. Uc farkli bilesime ve tane yapisina sahip elektrotlar kaynak icin hazirlanmistir. Kaynak dikislerinin yuzey goruntulerini gozlemlemek icin optik mikroskop kullanilmistir. Numunenin tane yapisinin, alasim elementlerinin miktarinin ve numunenin kaynagi sirasindaki isi girisinin, kaynakli numunelerin darbe dayanimlarini onemli olcude etkiledigi gorulmustur.
Optimalidasi Investasi Dana Haji Era Pandemi Covid-19

View MyStat This study aims to explore the optimal choice of Hajj financial investment through analysis of the relationship between the prospects for gold investment, Islamic stocks and rice agribusiness investment with the dynamics of exchange rates, inflation, BI-rate, pandemic cases and differences in policies in handling the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used is a mixed method between qualitative descriptions and quantitative analysis. The data used are primary and secondary data from January to August 2020. The analysis technique used is multiple regression with summy pandemic policy variables. The result: investing in gold, investing in Islamic stocks and investing in rice agribusiness can become priority options for Hajj financial investments. The prospect of investing in gold is quite bright and is not statistically significantly affected by exchange rate fluctuations, inflation, BI-rate and the case of a pandemic. Sharia stock investment (ISSI and JII indices) has good prospects even though it is influenced by the dynamics of exchange rates, inflation, BI-rate and the Covid pandemic. Likewise, the investment in rice agribusiness is considered prospective considering its greater impact on farmers and national food availability. The analysis shows that gold investment and rice agribusiness investment have a positive correlation and tend to strengthen each other.
Sparse Steiner triple systems of order 21

A (k,l) ‐configuration is a set of l blocks on k points. For Steiner triple systems, (l+2,l) ‐configurations are of particular interest. The smallest nontrivial such configuration is the Pasch configuration, which is a (6,4) ‐configuration. A Steiner triple system of order v , an STS (v) , is r ‐sparse if it does not contain any (l+2,l) ‐configuration for 4≤l≤r . The existence problem for anti‐Pasch Steiner triple systems has been solved, but these have been classified only up to order 19. In the current work, a computer‐aided classification shows that there are 83,003,869 isomorphism classes of anti‐Pasch STS(21)s. Exploration of the classified systems reveals that there are three 5‐sparse STS(21)s but no 6‐sparse STS(21)s. The anti‐Pasch STS(21)s lead to 14 Kirkman triple systems, none of which is doubly resolvable.
Evaluation of cottonseed bioactive peptides on growth performance, carcase traits, immunity, total antioxidant activity of serum and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens

Abstract The objective of the present experiment was to evaluate the effect of bioactive peptides derived from cottonseed (BPC) on chicken performance, immunity, the total antioxidant activity of serum and intestinal morphology. A total of 280 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated into 1 of the following 7 experimental treatments (5 replicates per treatment with 8 broilers per pen). Five diets were formulated to contain 0 (control), 3, 4, 5 and 6 g BPC/kg of diet in comparison with control + 50 U excessive dietary vitamin E and control + 2 mg lincomycin. At 40 d the BW tended to improve in broilers supplemented with an antibiotic, 3, 5 and 6 g BPC/kg groups (p > .05). In the whole trial, supplementing 5 g BPC/kg increased feed intake of broilers in comparison to other groups (p < .05). In the whole trial broilers fed diets supplemented with 6 g BPC/kg had a significantly better FCR value (p < .001). Supplementation of 3 g BPC/kg increased antibody titres against Newcastle disease virus and sheep red blood cell (p < .01). Dietary supplementation of vitamin E, antibiotic, 3, 4 and 5 g BPC/kg significantly (p < .001) increased total antioxidant activity of serum compared with those fed the basal diet. In conclusion, the results indicated that supplementation of 6 g BPC/kg in broiler diets could induce favourable influences on growth performance, immune responses and total antioxidant activity of serum and it could be used in broiler diets as an alternative to antibiotics. HIGHLIGHTS Broilers fed diets supplemented with 6 g bioactive peptides (BPC)/kg had better FCR. Supplementation of BPC increased humoral immune responses.
Preparation of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Embedded in Copper Composite Powders

High energy milling (HEM) was used for preparation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) embedded in copper composite powders and cut off MWCNTs. The results show that, the MWCNTs can be cut off, the length of MWCNTs is 0.1–2 μm after wet ball milling for 1 h and the structure of the MWCNTs isn’t damaged. The MWCNTs/Cu composite powders could also be prepared by HEM. MWCNTs are uniformly dispersed in composite powders under the milling parameters as follows: ball/powder weight ratio 10:1, rotational speed 700/900 rpm, milling time 2 h, MWCNTs content 3 wt%. A good adhesion of CNTs in copper matrix was obtained and revealed by means of transmission electron microscope (TEM).
Traffic Flow Detection at Road Intersections Based on K-Means and NURBS Trajectory Clustering

In view of the variety and occlusion of vehicle target motion on the urban intersection, it is difficult to accurately detect the traffic flow parameters in all directions and categories of the intersection, so an improved k-means trajectory clustering method based on NURBS curve fitting is designed to obtain the traffic flow parameters. Firstly, the B-spline quadratic interpolation function is used to fit the smooth NURBS curve of vehicle trajectory; secondly, K-means clustering is used to measure the minimum distance, and the location of the first and last end points of the vehicle trajectory is used to realize the automatic division of the intersection area; finally, according to the intersection area where the start and end points of vehicle trajectory belong, respectively, the moving mode of a vehicle is determined, and the traffic flow parameters are classified and counted. Experiments show that the method has high accuracy and simple algorithm, which can meet the application requirements of intelligent transportation. It can provide effective data for traffic congestion analysis and lane occupancy estimation, and it is an important parameter for dynamic time setting of intersection information lights.
The Value of Board Diversity in the Relationship of Corporate Governance and Investment Decisions of Pakistani Firms

Inspired by the studies on the impact of diversity among decision-making groups, this study was carried out to examine whether the diversity of the members of the board of directors, encompassing gender, nationality, education, and experience, moderates the relationship between the corporate governance and investment decisions of listed companies of the Pakistan Stock Exchange. Furthermore, the determinants of investment decisions in the context of Pakistani firms’ are also explored. Panel data analysis techniques are used to gauge the cause and effect relationship among the variables. We find short-term liquidity and profitability are the determinants of Pakistani firms’ investment decisions, both having adverse relationships. Moreover, we explore board independence, and chief executive officer (CEO) duality has a significant positive impact on investment decisions. We further find that experience diversity strongly moderates the relationship between board independence and board size with investment decisions in the opposite direction. Education diversity moderates the relation of board size and investment decisions in the same direction. Foreign directors’ presence on the board also significantly moderates the relationship between board independence and investment decisions. The results of this empirical study confirm that board diversity moderates the relationship between corporate governance and investment decisions.