Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
It’s just common sense! Why do negative perceptions of sociology teaching in medical education persist and is there any change in sight?

Based on a review of the literature pertaining to sociology teaching in medical education, this paper asks why does the problem of relevance with regards to sociology teaching in medical education still persist? And is there any change in sight? The literature suggests that epistemological understandings of medicine as represented by the biomedical model are deeply entrenched with far reaching consequences for sociology teaching. Notions of the social components of medicine as ‘irrelevant’ or ‘common sense’ have over time been reinforced by students’ expectations of medicine on entering medical education; by the attitudes of clinical and biomedical staff members who can act as negative role models and by institutional barriers including the organization of curricula content, decisions about ‘who teaches what’, timetabling and assessment. Changing such deeply ingrained practices may be an insurmountable task for educators working alone in individual medical schools. However, pedagogical changes emphasizing ‘integration’ and a growing understanding within medicine and higher education of alternative epistemologies predicated on social paradigms, means that increasingly, persons from different disciplinary and professional backgrounds share similar understandings about the complexities of medical care. As associated ideas filter into medical education new opportunities are arising to challenge collectively the structural forces at play which in turn could lead to a major shift in medical students’ thinking. If sociologists are to have a role in guiding the transmission of sociological ideas about health and illness it is crucial to understand and take part in these developments. Original article Open Access Corresponding author: Dr Tracey Collett tracey.collett@plymouth.ac. uk Institution: 1. Independent Scholar, 2. Plymouth University, Peninsula School of Medicine, 3. School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University Categories: Curriculum Planning, Educational Strategies, Teaching and Learning Brooks L, Collett T, Forrest S MedEdPublish https://doi.org/10.15694/mep.2016. 000156
MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF HYDROGEN ISOTOPES TRAPPING ON TUNGSTEN: THE EFFECT OF PRE-IRRADIATION

To achieving successfully commercial nuclear fusion energy, fully understanding of the interaction between plasma particles and plasma facing components is one of the essential issues. Tungsten, due to good thermal and mechanical properties such as high thermal conductivity and melting temperature, is one of the most promising candidates. However, the plasma facing components interacting with the extreme environmental conditions such as high temperature and radiation may lead to nanostructure formation, sputtering and erosion that will lead to material degradation. And these deformations may influence not only properties of plasma facing components but also might affect the plasma itself. For example, the contamination of plasma with a few amounts of tungsten, a high Z element, as a result of erosion or sputtering may cause core plasma cooling that results in loss of plasma confinement. Additionally, the retention of hydrogen isotopes, especially tritium, in tungsten is essential issue because of its radioactivity and market value. In this study, deuterium trapping in tungsten is analyzed by molecular dynamics method and the effect of pre-irradiation on trapping is studied. Non-cumulative studies show that the increase in the energy of hydrogen isotopes rises the absorption rate, the initial implantation depth, and the average resting time for initial implantation. Additionally, the effect of implanted deuterium due to pre-irradiation on the hydrogen isotopes trapping is analyzed by combining both cumulative and non-cumulative simulations, and results indicate that while the increase in the pre-irradiation time raises the absorption rate of deuterium with higher energy than 80 eV, it causes a decrease the initial implantation depth and the average resting time for initial implantation because of deuterium-deuterium interactions. Additionally, the deuterium-deuterium interactions may transfer enough energy to implanted deuterium to start a motion which may lead to deeper implantation or escaping from the surface of tungsten. The escaping from surface as a result of deuterium-deuterium interaction could explain the decrease in accumulation rate of deuterium while absorption rate rises.
HCAR: Human continuous activity recognition using latent structure features

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things and the improvement of computing power, edge‐computing becomes an emergency computing paradigm that communicates between the terminal and cloud. One of the most representative works of edge‐computing is to achieve human‐activity recognition at the edge side, as it has lower latency and it could reduce transmission costs, compared with processing at the cloud side. However, existing approaches have many drawbacks: (1) they can merely recognize separated actions as it is incompetence for continuous activity recognition; and (2) they are not robust to action transformation and environmental noise due to the value‐feature‐based matching strategy. In this paper, we propose HCAR, a structure‐feature–based human continuous activity recognition system, which is insensitive to action transformation and environmental noise. Firstly, we leverage word2vec to embed the CSI sequences to CSI value space. Secondly, we select representative features from the embedded vectors and use HMM‐LDA to cluster them into different action categories. Lastly, for each new coming sequence, we calculate the Hellinger distance and bi‐modality coefficient to different categories and then identify the corresponding action(s). We implement HCAR by Intel 5300 NIC to evaluate the activity recognition precision in different cases. The experiments show that HCAR can recognize actions corresponding to the unsegmented CSI sequence with high accuracy, ie, >90%.
Endosperm and Seed Transcriptomes Reveal Possible Roles for Small RNA Pathways in Wild Tomato Hybrid Seed Failure

Crosses between the wild tomato species Solanum peruvianum and S. chilense result in hybrid seed failure (HSF), characterized by endosperm misdevelopment and embryo arrest. We previously showed that genomic imprinting, the parent-of-origin–dependent expression of alleles, is perturbed in hybrid endosperm, with many of the normally paternally expressed genes losing their imprinted status. Here, we report transcriptome-based analyses of gene and small RNA expression levels. We identified 2,295 genes and 468 small RNAs (sRNAs) as differentially expressed (DE) when comparing reciprocal hybrid seed to seeds and endosperms from the two within-species crosses. Our analyses uncovered a pattern of overdominance in endosperm gene expression in both cross directions, in marked contrast to the patterns of sRNA expression in whole seeds. Intriguingly, patterns of increased gene expression resembled the previously reported increased maternal expression proportions in hybrid endosperms. We identified physical clusters of sRNAs; DE sRNAs exhibited reduced levels of expression in hybrid seeds from both cross directions. Moreover, sRNAs mapped to genes coding for key proteins involved in epigenetic regulation of gene expression, suggesting a regulatory feedback mechanism. We describe examples of genes that are targets of sRNA-mediated gene silencing; in these cases, reduced sRNA expression was concomitant with increased gene expression in hybrid seeds. Our analyses also show that S. peruvianum dominance impacts gene and sRNA expression in hybrid seeds. Overall, our study indicates roles for sRNA-mediated epigenetic regulation in HSF between closely related wild tomato species.
Principle of least action in dynamically configured image analysis systems

We propose and justify the development of neural network architectures for training image analysis systems with a dynamically configurable calculation structure. The proposed systems, trained in accordance with the principle of least action, are useful for increasing the processing speed of large amounts of data and can help overcome other shortcomings of deep architectures. The problem of image classification is considered in detail, the solution of which reduces to training a network agent that operates in an environment of classifiers and indirectly perceives images through them. The proposed approach can be used to create algorithms in systems for automatic image analysis, where the critical characteristic is the average processing time of one frame, for example, in systems for image indexing based on their content.
Review of multiport isolated bidirectional converter interfacing renewable and energy storage system

Multi port converters increasingly gain prominance in the recent past to interface renewable energy sources like photovoltaic cells, fuel cells with the load. Energy storage elements like battery and supercapacitors nd major place as an additional and alternate sources in systems with primary renewable energy sources to overcome its intermittency issues. As these energy storage element's charging and discharging cycles are to be controlled, an isolated bidirectional converter topology with transformer is used. The galvanic isolation provided by the high frequency ac link transformers in partly isolated and fully isolated topologies makes these converters most preferrable in high power applications like electric vehicles. A comprehensive review is performed on various three port partly isolated and fully isolated topologies addressed by dierent research groups. The key contributions on soft switching for reducing switching losses and improving overall converter efficiency with help of resonant elements are discussed. In addition, control strategies for power ow control with enhanced soft switching of partly isolated converters are highlighted. A summary of converter topologies is provided comparing power rating, device count, soft switching resonant elements and efficiency which gives an idea for selection of suitable topology for the desired system requirement.
Visual Response Characteristics in Lateral and Medial Subdivisions of the Rat Pulvinar

The pulvinar is a higher-order thalamic relay and a central component of the extrageniculate visual pathway, with input from the superior colliculus and visual cortex and output to all of visual cortex. Rodent pulvinar, more commonly called the lateral posterior nucleus (LP), consists of three highly-conserved subdivisions, and offers the advantage of simplicity in its study compared to more subdivided primate pulvinar. Little is known about receptive field properties of LP, let alone whether functional differences exist between different LP subdivisions, making it difficult to understand what visual information is relayed and what kinds of computations the pulvinar might support. Here, we characterized single-cell response properties in two V1 recipient subdivisions of rat pulvinar, the rostromedial (LPrm) and lateral (LPl), and found that a fourth of the cells were selective for orientation, compared to half in V1, and that LP tuning widths were significantly broader. Response latencies were also significantly longer and preferred size more than three times larger on average than in V1; the latter suggesting pulvinar as a source of spatial context to V1. Between subdivisons, LPl cells preferred higher temporal frequencies, whereas LPrm showed a greater degree of direction selectivity and pattern motion detection. Taken together with known differences in connectivity patterns, these results suggest two separate visual feature processing channels in the pulvinar, one in LPl related to higher speed processing which likely derives from superior colliculus input, and the other in LPrm for motion processing derived through input from visual cortex. Significance Statement The pulvinar has a perplexing role in visual cognition as no clear link has been found between the functional properties of its neurons and behavioral deficits that arise when it is damaged. The pulvinar, called the lateral posterior nucleus (LP) in rats, is a higher order thalamic relay with input from the superior colliculus and visual cortex and output to all of visual cortex. By characterizing single-cell response properties in anatomically distinct subdivisions we found two separate visual feature processing channels in the pulvinar, one in lateral LP related to higher speed processing which likely derives from superior colliculus input, and the other in rostromedial LP for motion processing derived through input from visual cortex.
Improved Low-Count Quantitative PET Reconstruction With an Iterative Neural Network

Image reconstruction in low-count PET is particularly challenging because gammas from natural radioactivity in Lu-based crystals cause high random fractions that lower the measurement signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR). In model-based image reconstruction (MBIR), using more iterations of an unregularized method may increase the noise, so incorporating regularization into the image reconstruction is desirable to control the noise. New regularization methods based on learned convolutional operators are emerging in MBIR. We modify the architecture of an iterative neural network, BCD-Net, for PET MBIR, and demonstrate the efficacy of the trained BCD-Net using XCAT phantom data that simulates the low true coincidence count-rates with high random fractions typical for Y-90 PET patient imaging after Y-90 microsphere radioembolization. Numerical results show that the proposed BCD-Net significantly improves CNR and RMSE of the reconstructed images compared to MBIR methods using non-trained regularizers, total variation (TV) and non-local means (NLM). Moreover, BCD-Net successfully generalizes to test data that differs from the training data. Improvements were also demonstrated for the clinically relevant phantom measurement data where we used training and testing datasets having very different activity distributions and count-levels.
In vitro Antiproliferative Potential of Celtis iguanaea against Ovarian (OVCAR-3) and Colon (HT-29) Tumor Cell

Natural products have been reported as a main source of anticancer molecules. The species Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sarg. , (Cannabaceae) is widely distributed in Brazil where it is known as “esporão-de-galo or taleira”. The leaves are popularly used as anti-inflammatory, in the treatment of body pain and urinary infections. However, the antiproliferative potential against human cancer cells remain to be elucidated. In this study, extracts and different fractions from the leaves of C. iguanaea were tested in vitro, against a panel tumor cell lines. The hydroalcoholic extract was inactive, while dichloromethane extract showed promisor antiproliferative effects. In turn, the dichloromethane fraction showed potent cytostatic activity against ovarian cell line (OVCAR-3, GI50 = 4.65 mg/ml). However, the stronger antiproliferative effects with high selectivity were observed for the hexane fraction that exhibited activity against ovarian (GI50 = 3.99 mg/ml) and colon (HT-29, GI50 = 3.16 mg/ml). The antiproliferative effects observed are probably related to the presence of 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol and gamma-sitosterol present in the hexane fraction and detected by GC/MS. This is the first report of antiproliferative activity of C. iguanaea and the results suggested that the molecules of fraction hexane are promising chemotherapeutic compounds, especially against tumor cell of ovarian and colon.
Patient-derived xenografts as models for the identification of predictive biomarkers in esophagogastric cancer.

4059 Background: Individual EG cancer subtypes have heterogeneous tumor characteristics and clinical outcome, making EG adenocarcinoma a complex disease to treat. Cytotoxic agents are applied to all disease subtypes with only modest success. Emergence of HER2 and MET as therapeutic targets underscores the importance of tumor profiling to allow optimal treatment planning. Preclinical models that recapitulate tumor biology may aid in discovery of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The purpose of this study is to establish PDXs accompanied by annotated molecular and clinical data for identification of predictive biomarkers and testing of targeted therapies. Methods: Fresh specimens obtained under aseptic conditions, mixed with matrigel and inoculated into 8 wks old NOD scid gamma mice subcutaneously (SQ) into flanks or orthotopically (OT) into the gastric wall. PDXs are kept in an in vivo microenvironment to retain a degree of the polyclonality of the tumors from which they were derived. Once establishe.
A Review of Psychological Therapy Modalities for Hearing Loss Related Depression

Depression is characterized by low mood, loss of interest in pleasurable activities and reduced energy level. It can either be precipitated or perpetuated by hearing impairment. People with hearing impairment are faced with the risk of rejection from the society, many people prefer to use glasses than to wear hearing aid because of negative societal perspective to hearing aid. People with hearing impairment may have a negative view about the world, paranoid idea about people, pessimistic views, feeling of being different especially when wearing hearing aid. Patients suffering from hearing loss have psychosocial difficulties and depression, the importance of psychological assessment in their management cannot be over emphasized. It is evident that cognitive behavioral therapy can be effective for easing the distress caused by hearing loss. Psychotherapy must be targeted towards improving the negative thought, pessimistic view about life and coping with the stress of wearing hearing aid. Competent mental health counselors managing clients with hearing loss help to focus on the clients’ strengths and assets. Strengths-based counseling always focuses on capability, not disability. Individuals with hearing loss learn to reject society’s challenges to handicap them through limitations, restrictions, and discrimination.
An exploration of primary school students’ perceived learning practices and associated self-efficacies regarding mobile-assisted seamless science learning

ABSTRACT This study aimed to explore the relationships between students’ perceived learning practices and associated self-efficacies regarding mobile-assisted seamless science learning. The learning practices for mobile-assisted seamless science learning questionnaire was developed with three scales that denote learning supported by mobile technology. These scales included authentic learning, self-directed learning, and collaborative learning with information and communication technology. Associated self-efficacies promoted by mobile-assisted seamless science learning could include authentic problem-solving, creative thinking and academic self-efficacy. A sample of 312 primary school students from China responded to the mobile-assisted seamless science learning questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the mobile-assisted seamless science learning questionnaire had high reliability and validity. The path analysis results analysed via a structural equation modelling technique implied that primary school students’ perceived self-directed learning and authentic learning were important as positive predictors for authentic problem-solving efficacy, which may function as a partial mediation variable in the effect of students’ perceptions of learning practices on the academic self-efficacy of mobile-assisted seamless science learning. The findings highlighted that learning practices (i.e. authentic learning and self-directed learning) and authentic problem-solving efficacy are both indispensable and mutually reinforcing. This can provide some insights for promoting mobile learning in science learning in the future.
Early childhood problem-solving interaction: young children’s discourse during small-group work in primary school

It is widely accepted that problem solving and reasoning during small-group work with either peers only or with intervening teachers may contribute to children’s language and cognitive development, depending on the participants’ discourse. Most research is experimental of nature, focusing on teacher-initiated problems. Therefore, in this thesis young children’s construction of their own problems during small-group work in early childhood education is investigated, through a detailed analysis of videotaped and transcribed problem-solving interactions. The most important findings are: (1) Whether the teacher is present partly determines young children’s discourse. In teacher’s absence children produce significantly longer and more complex turns and sentences. Moreover, they accomplish different types of speech actions than in teacher’s presence. (2) Most teacher practices minimize young children’s opportunities to participate actively in problem-solving interventions, which follow a linear structure, as often advised in problem-solving textbooks. (3) Contrastingly, young children themselves construct also iterative, non-linear problem-solving interactions highly similar to adult business meetings. (4) By adapting their speech actions to the problem type, children construct three types of problem-solving interactions, which are all concluded, contrastingly to adult business meetings. (5) Both the type of reactions to other’s contributions and the type of accounts determine how children reason: accepting reactions and directly verifiable accounts conclude the problem-solving interaction, contrasting to oppositional reactions and personal, normative and tentative accounts enhancing children’s reasoning. All findings demonstrate that both problem solving and reasoning of young children should not be considered as an individual cognitive accomplishment, rather as an interactional sequential accomplishment.
Developing the Digital Artifact for the Sustainability of Marketing Research Results

The rapid development of technology transforms the way researchers conduct projects, communicate with others, and disseminate findings. In addition to traditional presentations of research results, this paper argues that building a digital artifact is another optional method for the dissemination of research findings from the perspective of marketing. Thus, 20 Irish and Chinese micro-influencers were investigated from March 2016 to March 2019, and their microblogs were analyzed by text mining techniques. Consequently, the paper finds four types of keywords that micro-influencers apply to their marketing on social media. Based on the marketing keywords, a digital tool is designed to label fashion keywords in the microblogging automatically. The proposed tool not only contributes to model fashion bloggers’ content and increase the influence of marketing on social media but also enlightens marketing scholars to develop digital tools for the sustainability of disseminating research results.