Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of ultrathin tantalum buffer layers on microstructure and ferroelectric properties of SrBi 2 Ta 2 O 9 thin films

The effects of buffer layers on the crystallization process of strontium bismuth tantalite (SBT) thin films, using a metallorganic decomposition technique, are investigated in this study. Ultrathin tantalum (Ta) buffer layers of various thicknesses were deposited onto Pt/TiO 2 /SiO 2 /Si substrates using magnetron sputtering. The crystallinity, microstructure, and electrical properties of the resulting SBT films on top of the Ta layer were found to be strongly dependent on the thickness of the buffer layer. By optimizing this buffer layer thickness, a homogeneous bismuth-layered structure with uniformly distributed fine grains, it was clearly evident that the SBT film, annealed at 750°C for 1 min, and the corresponding remanent polarization (2P r ), can be as large as 18.8 μC/cm 2 at an applied voltage of 5 V. It is suggested that these buffer layers cause the SBT composition to depart from stoichiometry to an enriched Ta condition. During the crystallization procedure in oxygen ambient, the excess Ta atoms in local regions easily reacted with O atoms to form TaO x centers. They are believed to serve as the nucleation sites that cause the reduction of the activation energy of SBT crystallization.
“Raisin Bun”-Type Composite Spheres of Silica and Semiconductor Nanocrystals

CdTe nanocrystals capped with 1-mercapto-2,3-propandiol, CdSe nanocrystals capped with sodium citrate, and core−shell CdSe/CdS nanocrystals capped with sodium citrate were synthesized in aqueous solutions, and their surface was modified by 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) in water−ethanol mixtures. By addition of sodium silicate, “raisin bun”-type composite particles were formed, with either CdTe, CdSe, or CdSe/CdS nanocrystals being homogeneously incorporated as multiple cores into silica spheres of 40−80 nm size, accompanied by some alteration of optical properties of the nanoparticles and, in particular, the reduction of the luminescence quantum yield. Further, growth of larger silica spheres (100−700 nm) can be performed by the Stober technique using either MPS-modified semiconductor nanocrystals or “raisin bun”-type composite particles as seeds, which gives semiconductor-doped silica globules of desirable sizes in the submicrometer range. The composite spheres can be used as building blocks for.
Some Measurements of the Distribution of Water Vapor in the Stratosphere

The results of three high-altitude ascents of an experimental radiosonde incorporating an electronic dew point hygrometer and carried by a large plastic balloon are presented. Significant features of the moisture distribution in the stratosphere revealed by these nights include at least one saturated layer in the vicinity of the tropopause on each occasion, and marked increases of the mixing ratio with height in the layer between 16 and 30 km in the two summer soundings. Charts and tabulations of the data from the three soundings are presented. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1950. tb00340.x
Pharmacodynamic analysis of eribulin safety in breast cancer patients using real-world postmarketing surveillance data (要約)

市販後調査では、患者背景が高度に制限された治験とは異なり、実臨床に即したリア ルワールドデータが得られる。 しかしながら、これらの膨大なデータは主に実臨床での 薬剤の使用実態および安全性プロファイルを確認する目的でのみ収集される。 一方、本 研究では、手術不能または再発乳癌患者におけるエリブリン単剤治療の市販後調査デー タを活用して薬力学解析を行い、抗がん剤治療に伴う好中球数減少の推移をモデル化し シミュレーションすることによって、最適レジメンの推論に応用した。 2011年7月から2011年12月にエリブリン単剤が投与された401人の患者における5199時 点の好中球計測値を解析に用いた。 エリブリン血漿中濃度はファーマコキネティクスモ デルを用いて推定し、エリブリン投与後の好中球減少を記述するポピュレーション・ ファーマコダイナミクスモデルを構築した。 構築したモデルを用いて、好中球減少症の 重篤度に影響を与える可能性のある臨床背景(性別、年齢、ECOG-PS、血清アルブミン 値、細胞傷害性薬剤の以前の治療歴)について調べた。 構築されたモデルのパラメータ平均推定値は、好中球前駆細胞が成熟して体内循環す るまでの平均時間:104.5 h、好中球前駆細胞の増殖速度定数:0.0377/h、好中球消失速度定 数:0.0295/h、薬効の係数:0.0413 mL/ngとして求められた。 次に、エリブリンの毒性に影 響を与えうる臨床背景因子として、治療開始前の好中球数と血清アルブミン値を見出し た。 シミュレーションの結果、エリブリン投与開始前の血清アルブミン値および好中球 数の絶対値が低いほど、より重度の好中球減少症を引き起こす可能性があることが示さ れた。 また、市販後調査データでは主なエリブリンの投与スケジュールとして標準レジ メン(1、8日目投与、3週おき)、隔週レジメン(1、15日目投与、4週おき)、3週毎レ ジメン(1日目のみ投与、3週おき)があったが、シミュレーションの結果、隔週レジメ ンは標準レジメンよりグレード3およびグレード4以上の好中球数減少(好中球数1000/l 未満および500/l未満)に至る割合が低く、安全に投与できることが予測された(グレー ド4以上の好中球数減少は隔週レジメン3%、標準レジメン23%)。 以上の研究により、市販後調査で得られたデータはモデルを用いた安全性解析に適用 可能であることが示された。 市販前の治験とは異なり、市販後調査のリアルワールド データの使用は、より広範な背景を有する患者におけるエリブリン投与の安全性、特に 用量制限毒性である好中球減少症を調査するのに有用である。 得られた結果は、エリブ リンを用いた乳癌治療において臨床的に有用な情報を提供すると考えられる。 川 村 卓 久
Resonant Switched-capacitor Converters with Wide Line Regulation Range and Control Maps for PWM plus Phase-shift Modulated DC-DC Converters

Author(s): LI, SHOUXIANG | Advisor(s): Smedley, Keyue | Abstract: Part I: Resonant Switched-capacitor Converters with Wide Line Regulation Range The traditional switched-capacitor converter (SCC) typically comes with the shortcomings of high transient current spike, hard-switched operation and limited line regulation range. In this thesis, a family of resonant two-switch boosting switched-capacitor converter (RTBSC) and a family of Ladder resonant switched-capacitor converter (RSC) with low transient current spike, soft-switching operation and wide line regulation range are proposed. By inserting a small resonant inductor, the additional benefit of reduction of one or two bulky capacitor banks to much smaller resonant capacitor(s) is obtained. By operating above the resonant frequency, the transistors are ZVS turned on and diodes are zero-current-switching (ZCS) turned off. Most importantly, the voltage-gain range is significantly expanded. This resonant configuration is applicable to TBSC, Ladder SCC and the Dickson SCC. However, the regulation capability of the proposed RTBSC and Ladder RSC is still a challenge at light load condition. To ease this issue, a family of step-up resonant switched-capacitor converter (RSC) with continuously adjustable conversion ratio is proposed based on the Cuk Dual Resonance Core (DRC) concept. By adopting the on-time fixed frequency modulation, its conversion ratio can vary continuously and efficiently even at the light load condition (1/10 of the rated power). The configuration of Cuk DRC is applicable to the Series-parallel (SP) SCC, Fibonacci SCC, Voltage Doubler (VD) and Dickson SCC. Part II: Control Maps for PWM plus Phase-shift Modulated DC-DC Converters In this part, comprehensive analyses about the operation principle, power transmission capability, component stress and the zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) operation region for a three-level PWM plus phase-shift (PPS) modulated bidirectional push-pull converter and a family of two-level PPS modulated isolated bidirectional DC-DC converters (IBDCs) are presented. Based on the analyses, a set of control maps is established to assist converter operation and design in the low-circulating-current regions, high-power-transmission-capability regions, and ZVS operation regions. In the control maps, a circuit parameter is identified, providing a design limit to select switching frequency, leakage inductance, turns ratio and power level of the PPS modulated DC-DC converters.
Investigation of chemical kinetics and energy transfer in a pulsed microwave H2/CH4 plasma

We present a modelling study of pulsed H2/CH4 microwave plasmas obtained under moderate pressure discharge conditions in a tubular quartz reactor. The transport in the reactor was described using a Nusselt model for a radially quasi-homogeneous plasma. The thermal behaviour of the plasma was modelled by distinguishing a single heavy species energy mode and the electron translation mode. The chemistry was described using a 30 species-130 reaction model. The time variations of the electron energy distribution function, the species concentrations and the gas temperature were determined by solving the coupled set of the electron Boltzmann equation, species kinetics equations and a total energy equation. Some of the results obtained from the present model were compared to measurements previously carried out on the plasmas considered. Good agreement was obtained for the time variations of the gas temperature, the relative concentration of the H-atom and the intensities of the Hα and the argon 750 nm emission lines. The effect of the duty cycle on the time-averaged composition and temperatures of the discharge was also studied. Results showed that moderate pressure H2/CH4 pulsed discharges obtained at duty cycles of less than 20% show different behaviour than those obtained at higher duty cycles. In particular, while the plasma reaches the permanent periodic regime in less than 2 pulse-periods, i.e. 60 ms, for duty cycle values of less than 20%, long-time-scale density variations of hydrocarbon species, ions and electrons are obtained when this parameter is greater than 20%. The model was also used to determine if the use of a pulsed regime may bring some improvements in plasma-assisted diamond deposition processes. For this purpose we analysed the variation with duty cycle of the time-averaged populations of the H-atom and CH3 that represent the key species for diamond deposition. Results showed that pulsed discharges with small duty cycle, of typically less than 20%, lead to a substantial enhancement of the time-averaged dissociation yield. On the other hand, the CH3 concentration exhibits a strong decrease with the duty cycle. The methyl concentration in the investigated pulsed discharge is generally smaller than in continuous wave discharges obtained in the same reactor. These results indicate that short-pulse discharges would favour the formation of films with higher Raman quality, while long duty cycle pulsed discharges would enable deposition at higher growth rates.
Complete kinetic isotope effect description of transition states for acid-catalyzed hydrolyses of methyl .alpha.- and .beta.-glucopyranosides

The following kinetic isotope effects (k/sub light//k/sub heavy/) have been measured by the isotopic quasi-racemate method for the hydrolyses of methyl . cap alpha. - and . beta. -glucopyranosides, respectively in 2.0 M HClO/sub 4/ at 80/sup 0/C (.cap alpha.-D 1.137 +/- 0.007, 1.089 +/- 0.006; .beta.-D 1.073 +/- 0.003, 1.045 +/- 0.004; .gamma.-D (C5) 0.987 +/- 0.002, 0.971 +/- 0.003; leaving group d/sub 3/ 1.006 +/- 0.001, 1.015 +/- 0.002; leaving group /sup 18/O 1.026 +/- 0.001, 1.024 +/ +/- 0.002; anomeric /sup 13/C 1.007 +/- 0.001, 1.011 +/- 0.002). In conjunction with studies of the effect of added solutes on the rates of hydrolysis of various aldopyranosyl derivatives, which indicate such reactions are truly unimolecular, and model ring /sup 18/O and . beta. -deuterium effects, it is possible to locate the dihedral angles about the O5-C1 and C1-C2 bonds at the transition state using these data. If the dihedral angles so derived are used as constraints in calculations using N.L. Allinger's MM2 molecular mechanics program, transition-state structures are obtained. The geometry of these transition states stands in contradiction to the theory of stereoelectronic control.
Analysis of hydrocarbons in aquatic sediments

Abstract Sonication has been evaluated as a method of extraction of hydrocarbons in aquatic sediments. Soxhlet extraction was used as a reference technique. The higher recoveries (92% for aromatic hydrocarbons and 96% for aliphatics and PCBs) were obtained with freeze-dried samples and using methylene chloride-methanol (2:1) as solvent. Recoveries were independent from the solvent/sediment ratio provided that a sufficient number of extractions is carried out. The accuracy of the analysis was improved to 4% (s.d.) when sediments were previously sieved through a 250 μm filter.
Fluid flow in porous media

where the first term represents mass accumulation due to changes of fluid density in the porous medium, the second mass inflow or outflow from the volume and the RHS sources and sinks within Ω. ρ is the density of the fluid and u is the macroscopic velocity. Darcy’s Law, given by (2), can be derived from the Navier-Stokes equations and is valid in regions of slow, viscous flow. This is the case in most oil reservoir problems. u = − K
Composite Polymer Nanoparticles via Transitional Phase Inversion Emulsification and Polymerisation

A new route was employed to produce composite polymer nanoparticles. First, a model polymer (a low molecular-weight polyisobutene) was dissolved in a model monomer (styrene) and then the solution was emulsified in water containing a pair of nonionic surfactants via a transitional phase inversion route. After phase inversion, which produced an oil-in-water miniemulsion, polymerisation of the vinyl monomer gave composite polymer particles. Low temperature emulsification was not practical because the inverted oil-in-water emulsions reinverted to water-in-oil emulsions upon raising the temperature to the reaction temperature. Miniemulsions prepared at the reaction temperature with low monomer content in the oil phase showed good stabilty in the course of polymerisation and produced latexes with a particle size similar to the size of drops in the initial miniemulsions.
Formation of Nanoparticle-Loaded Microcapsules Based on Hydrogen-Bonded Multilayers

We show that hydrogen-bonded multilayer thin film coatings assembled on colloidal particles can be used as templates for the in situ synthesis of nanoparticles. The concentration and size of nanoparticles grown within the coatings can be tuned by the number of loading cycles. The hydrogen-bonded multilayer thin films were coated on polystyrene micrometer-sized colloidal particles and subsequently cross-linked via water-soluble carbodiimide chemistry. We show that metal nanoparticles (e.g., Ag and Pd) can be synthesized via the nanoreactor scheme, where corresponding metal ions are loaded into the coating and then subsequently reduced to create nanoparticles dispersed within the coating. In addition, we demonstrate the multiple loading capability of the hydrogen-bonded multilayer coatings. UV−vis spectroscopy and direct observation by transmission electron microscopy confirm that the nanoparticles are well-dispersed within the thin film coating. Finally, the polystyrene particles can be extracted by treati.
Tin‐based materials as negative electrodes for Li‐ion batteries: Combinatorial approaches and mechanical methods

Graphite has been used as the negative electrode in lithium‐ion batteries for more than a decade. To attain higher energy density batteries, silicon and tin, which can alloy reversibly with lithium, have been considered as a replacement for graphite. However, the volume expansion of these metal elements upon lithiation can result in poor capacity retention. Alloying the active metal element with an inactive material can limit the overall volume expansion and improve cycle life. This paper presents a summary of tin‐based materials as negative electrodes. After reviewing attempts to improve and understand the electrochemical behaviour of metallic tin and its oxides, the focus turns to alloys of tin with a transition metal (TM) and, optionally, carbon. To do so, a combinatorial sputtering technique was used to simultaneously prepare many different compositions of Sn‐TM‐based materials. The structural and electrochemical results of these samples are presented and they show that cobalt is the preferred TM to give optimal performance. Finally, a comparison of a Sn–Co–C negative electrode material prepared by a rapid quenching method (sputtering) with a material prepared by an economical milling method (mechanical attrition) is presented and discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling and Design of an Electrically Actuated Resonant Switch

We present modeling and simulation of a new device concept of an electrically actuated resonant switch (EARS), which can be tuned to be triggered at low levels of acceleration, as low as those of earthquakes. The device is realized by mounting an electrostatically actuated cantilever microbeam with a mass at the tip on top of a compliant board or a printed circuit board PCB, which is modeled as a hinged-hinged beam. A distributed-parameter model of the device is derived for the microbeam and the PCB using Hamilton’s principle based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam model. The equations are then discretized using the Galerkin procedure. A nonlinear numerical dynamic analysis is performed in order to characterize the behavior and performance of the device when subjected to acceleration pulses. We conduct a parametric study showing several curves of dynamic pull-in threshold for various values of electric voltage loads and frequency of excitations. We show that the device can be triggered at a wide range of acceleration ranging from 0.4g-200g for various values of the DC and AC voltages.
A Comparison of the Migration of ‘Spiked’ and ‘Intrinsic’ Substances from Paper and Board into Raisins and into Tenax as a Food Simulant

Four samples of paper and board (P/B) of a type used for packaging dry foods were subjected to migration experiments using raisins and the polymeric powder Tenax as a food simulant. The P/B samples contained only low levels of diisopropylnaphthalene (DiPN) and diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), and so, experiments were also conducted after spiking the P/B with added model substances. These were o‐xylene, acetophenone, dodecane, benzophenone, DiPN and DiBP. Migration experiments into raisins and Tenax were conducted for 10 days at 40°C. Migration levels depended strongly on the nature of the substance. Migration from spiked P/B samples was more extensive (as a percentage of that available) than migration of intrinsic migratable substances, and so, studying spiked samples tends to be conservative. It is considered likely that this is because of binding of substances, especially aromatics with pi‐electrons such as DiPN and DiBP, to active sites on the surface of P/B fibres, resulting in non‐linear absorption isotherms. However, further work would be needed to prove this conclusively. Considering the results overall and also that raisins packed in P/B can have a shelf life of up to 1 year at ambient temperatures, the test results using Tenax as a food simulant are considered to be appropriate without application of a correction factor. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication and in Vitro Evaluation of Calcium Phosphate Combined with Chitosan Fibers for Scaffold Structures

A rapid prototyping and rapid tool technique-based method was developed to fabricate chitosan fiber calcium phosphate cement composites (CF/CPC) for bone tissue engineering scaffold applications. The products were characterized and the in vitro performance with canine bone marrow stem cells (BMCs) on CF/CPC scaffold with controlled fiber structures evaluated. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that about 91% of the inorganic part of the CF/CPC scaffold was hydroxyapatite (HA) and the variation in CF had little effect on the percentage of HA content. The results from in vitro study demonstrated that the interconnected macropores rapidly formed inside the CF/CPC scaffolds and that the patterns were related to the fiber structures used. The differences in the fiber structures altered the morphology of the BMCs without affecting the proliferation of the BMCs.
One-dimensional dislocations. I. Static theory

The theory of a one-dimensional dislocation model is developed. Besides acting as a pointer to developments of general dislocation theory, it has a variety of direct physical applications, particularly to monolayers on a crystalline substrate and to conditions in the edge row of a terrace of molecules in a growing crystal. Allowance is made in the theory for a difference in natural lattice-spacing between the surface layer or row and the substrate. The form and energy of single dislocations and of regular sequences of dislocations are calculated. Critical conditions for spontaneous generation (or escape) of dislocations are determined, and likewise the activation energies for such processes below the critical limits. Various physical applications of the model are discussed, and the physical parameters are evaluated with the aid of the Lennard-Jones force law for the above-mentioned principal applications.
Influence of irradiation conditions on plume expansion induced by femtosecond laser ablation of gold and copper

The influence of the irradiation conditions on plume expansion induced by femtosecond laser ablation of gold and copper is investigated experimentally involving measurements of the ablated mass, plasma diagnostics, and analysis of the nanoparticle size distribution. The targets were irradiated under vacuum with a spot of uniform energy distribution. Only a few laser pulses were applied to each irradiation site to make sure that the plume expansion dynamics were not altered by the depth of the laser-produced crater. Under these conditions, two main components were observed by fast imaging. They were identified by optical emission spectroscopy: the fast component is composed of atoms and ions whereas the slow one mainly contains nanoparticles. Experiments show that the velocities of plasma species depend weakly on laser fluence. Deposition of nanoparticles on a substrate and analyses by atomic force microscopy show that the size distribution of nanoparticles does not exhibit a maximum and the particle abundance monotonously decreases with size. Furthermore, the results indicate that two populations of nanoparticles exist within the plume: small clusters that are more abundant in the fast frontal plume component, and larger particles that are located mostly at the back. It is shown that the ablation efficiency is strongly related to the presence of nanoparticles in the plume.
Bio-Inspired Radio-Frequency Source Localization Based on Cochlear Cross-Correlograms

This paper describes a bio-inspired radio frequency (RF) scene analysis system based on cross-correlating the outputs of two single-chip RF spectrum analyzers. The latter are implemented using digitally-programmable “RF cochlea” chips (in 65 nm CMOS) that integrate a transmission-line active cochlear model, consisting of 50 parallel exponentially-spaced stages for analyzing the radio spectrum from 1.0 to 8.3 GHz, together with an output encoding network. The encoders convert the analog outputs of all cochlear stages into parallel delta-sigma (Δ-Σ) modulated digital signals for real-time demodulation and analysis by a digital back-end processor. These outputs can also be multiplied with each other to generate cochlear correlation matrices (known as cross-correlograms). Simulation results demonstrate the use of cross-correlograms for wide-range time-delay estimation and real-time multi-source localization at different frequencies and input signal-to-noise (SNR) ratios. Over-the-air measurement results from an experimental two-channel RF scene analysis prototype confirm the use of such time-delay estimates, which are analogous to interaural time differences (ITDs) in the auditory system, for azimuthal source localization at 3.4 GHz. In addition, differences in received signal strength at the two cochleas, which are analogous to interaural level differences (ILD) in biology, are also used to localize RF sources.
Hydrogen Bonding and Sequence Distribution in Poly(vinyl acetate-co-vinyl alcohol) Copolymers

The correlation between hydrogen-bonding self-association and sequence distribution in different poly(vinyl acetate-co-vinyl alcohol) copolymers (ACA) of different degrees of hydrolysis and sequence distributions has been studied by infrared and NMR spectroscopy. For ACA copolymers, quasi-random distributions are obtained by acid alcoholysis, blocker distributions by saponification, and intermediate distributions by acombined method, as shown by 13 C NMR. FTIR spectroscopy has pointed out that hydrogen-bonding distribution in ACA copolymers strongly depends on sequence distribution. For block copolymers, hydroxyl-hydroxyl self-association is preferred
Continuous Band Gap Control from 0.3 to 1.1 eV of π-Conjugated Polymers in Aqueous Solution

Band gap controllable, water-soluble, and π-conjugated polymers were prepared by the addition–condensation of pyrrole (Py), 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene (THB), and sodium o-formylbenzenesulfonate (BS) w.