Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the distance and distance signless Laplacian eigenvalues of graphs and the smallest Gersgorin disc

The \emph{distance matrix} of a simple connected graph $G$ is $D(G)=(d_{ij})$, where $d_{ij}$ is the distance between the $i$th and $j$th vertices of $G$. The \emph{distance signless Laplacian matrix} of the graph $G$ is $D_Q(G)=D(G)+Tr(G)$, where $Tr(G)$ is a diagonal matrix whose $i$th diagonal entry is the transmission of the vertex $i$ in $G$. In this paper, first, upper and lower bounds for the spectral radius of a nonnegative matrix are constructed. Applying this result, upper and lower bounds for the distance and distance signless Laplacian spectral radius of graphs are given, and the extremal graphs for these bounds are obtained. Also, upper bounds for the modulus of all distance (respectively, distance signless Laplacian) eigenvalues other than the distance (respectively, distance signless Laplacian) spectral radius of graphs are given. These bounds are probably first of their kind as the authors do not find in the literature any bound for these eigenvalues. Finally, for some classes of graphs, it is shown that all distance (respectively, distance signless Laplacian) eigenvalues other than the distance (respectively, distance signless Laplacian) spectral radius lie in the smallest Gerˆsgorin disc of the distance (respectively, distance signless Laplacian) matrix.
Designing Mutual Authentication Protocols in Industrial Wireless Network

Traditional authentication methods usually employ encryption or signature algorithms with high computation or high communication overhead, and thus are not suitable in industrial wireless network, where devices are resource constraint, i.e., low computation capacity, low memory size, short communication range and low batter life. In this paper, we propose mutual authentication protocols with less communication rounds for industrial wireless network. We introduce a network model and super-frame of Wireless networks for Industrial Automation-Process Automation (WIA-PA). We then propose a dynamic key management scheme and mutual authentication protocols for new devices joining the network based on the proposed network model of WIA-PA. The evaluation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our protocols.
Performance Evaluation of Relay Selection Schemes in Beacon-Assisted Dual-Hop Cognitive Radio Wireless Sensor Networks under Impact of Hardware Noises

To solve the problem of energy constraints and spectrum scarcity for cognitive radio wireless sensor networks (CR-WSNs), an underlay decode-and-forward relaying scheme is considered, where the energy constrained secondary source and relay nodes are capable of harvesting energy from a multi-antenna power beacon (PB) and using that harvested energy to forward the source information to the destination. Based on the time switching receiver architecture, three relaying protocols, namely, hybrid partial relay selection (H-PRS), conventional opportunistic relay selection (C-ORS), and best opportunistic relay selection (B-ORS) protocols are considered to enhance the end-to-end performance under the joint impact of maximal interference constraint and transceiver hardware impairments. For performance evaluation and comparison, we derive the exact and asymptotic closed-form expressions of outage probability (OP) and throughput (TP) to provide significant insights into the impact of our proposed protocols on the system performance over Rayleigh fading channel. Finally, simulation results validate the theoretical results.
Endurance- and Resistance-Trained Men Exhibit Lower Cardiovascular Responses to Psychosocial Stress Than Untrained Men

Evidence shows that regular physical exercise reduces physiological reactivity to psychosocial stress. However, previous research mainly focused on the effect of endurance exercise, with only a few studies looking at the effect of resistance exercise. The current study tested whether individuals who regularly participate in either endurance or resistance training differ from untrained individuals in adrenal and cardiovascular reactivity to psychosocial stress. Twelve endurance-trained men, 10 resistance-trained men, and 12 healthy but untrained men were exposed to a standardized psychosocial stressor, the Trier Social Stress Test. Measurements of heart rate, free salivary cortisol levels, and mood were obtained throughout the test and compared among the three groups. Overall, both endurance- and resistance-trained men had lower heart rate levels than untrained men, indicating higher cardiac performance of the trained groups. Trained men also exhibited lower heart rate responses to psychosocial stress compared with untrained men. There were no significant group differences in either cortisol responses or mood responses to the stressor. The heart rate results are consistent with previous studies indicating reduced cardiovascular reactivity to psychosocial stress in trained individuals. These findings suggest that long-term endurance and resistance trainings may be related to the same cardiovascular benefits, without exhibiting strong effects on the cortisol reactivity to stress.
Psoriasis and the risk of foot and ankle tendinopathy or enthesopathy in the absence of psoriatic arthritis: a population-based study

Objectives Imaging studies in patients with cutaneous psoriasis have demonstrated asymptomatic bone and tendon changes, commonly of the foot and ankle. We sought to determine if patients with cutaneous psoriasis have an increased risk of clinically significant foot and ankle tendinopathy or enthesopathy compared with the general population. Methods Patients with cutaneous psoriasis and a general population cohort were identified in The Health Improvement Network, a general practice medical records database from the UK. All patients with psoriatic arthritis were excluded. Cox proportional-hazards models (α=0.05) estimated the HR for development of foot and ankle tendinopathy or enthesopathy among patients with psoriasis, with adjustment for numerous covariates. Results In total, 78 630 patients with cutaneous psoriasis and 5 983 338 persons from the general population were identified. In an unadjusted model, patients with cutaneous psoriasis had a 25% increased risk of developing foot and ankle tendinopathy or enthesopathy compared with the general population (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.30, p<0.0001). The HR remained unchanged and statistically significant after adjusting for covariates, and in sensitivity analyses. Conclusions These data suggest that patients with psoriasis can have foot and ankle tendinopathy or enthesopathy without having psoriatic arthritis, presenting a diagnostic challenge to physicians. Further research is needed to elucidate mechanisms contributing to this increased risk.
New Gramians for Linear Switched Systems: Reachability, Observability, and Model Reduction

In this paper, we propose new algebraic Gramians for continuous-time linear switched systems, which satisfy generalized Lyapunov equations. The main contribution of this work is twofold. First, we show that the ranges of those Gramians encode the reachability and observability spaces of a linear switched system. As a consequence, a simple Gramian-based criterion for reachability and observability is established. Second, a balancing-based model order reduction technique is proposed and, under some sufficient conditions, stability preservation and an error bound are shown. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed method is illustrated by means of numerical examples.
ECNU at SemEval-2018 Task 10: Evaluating Simple but Effective Features on Machine Learning Methods for Semantic Difference Detection

This paper describes the system we submitted to Task 10 (Capturing Discriminative Attributes) in SemEval 2018. Given a triple (word1, word2, attribute), this task is to predict whether it exemplifies a semantic difference or not. We design and investigate several word embedding features, PMI features and WordNet features together with supervised machine learning methods to address this task. Officially released results show that our system ranks above average.
Percutaneous Vertebroplasty for the Treatment of Osteoporotic Thoracolumbar Fractures with Posterior Body Involved in Elderly Patients.

AIM To present the results of vertebroplasty for treating thoracolumbar burst fractures without neurological deficit. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twelve patients (aged ≥65 years) with thoracolumbar fractures but without neurological deficits underwent vertebroplasty. In all fracture cases, the anterior and middle columns of the vertebrae were affected and the canal was mildly compressed. To assess the clinical symptoms and the effects of the procedure, patient mobility and pain were assessed prior to the procedure and at 1 day and 3 months after the procedure. RESULTS Improvements in pain and mobility were observed immediately after vertebroplasty in all patients. These results were observed for 3 months. Significant improvements were also noted at 1 day and 3 months after vertebroplasty. Pain was reduced by at least 4 levels after 3 months. No co-morbidities were observed. However, computed tomography revealed polymethylmethacrylate leakage through the endplate fracture site into the disc space or paravertebral space in four vertebrae and minimal intracanal leakage through the fracture line in one patient. CONCLUSION Vertebroplasty is assumed to be contraindicated in patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures with posterior body involvement. However, this procedure was successfully performed to safely treat such fractures without causing neurological deficits. Percutaneous vertebroplasty may be an alternative method for treating thoracolumbar burst fractures that prevents major surgical complications. Moreover, it helps patients achieve early mobilization and pain relief.
Identification of two highly promiscuous thermostable sugar nucleotidylyltransferases for glycorandomization

Glycorandomization is a process that improves the efficacy of glycoconjugates by the addition of a diverse array of sugars to secondary metabolites and antibiotics of pharmaceutical importance. This process, which employs sugar nucleotidylyltransferases (SNTs) and glycosyl transferases (GTs) in tandem, would benefit by the employment of promiscuous enzymes, i.e. those with the ability to utilize diverse noncanonical substrates. As promiscuous GTs are available, here we set out to identify promiscuous SNTs. For this, we began with a detailed family‐wide characterization of SNTs. Earlier, we had proposed that SNTs could be classified into two major groups – I and II. They share a common structural framework and utilize a similar catalytic mechanism. Subtle variations in the way two magnesium ions — MgA2+ and MgB2+ — are stabilized by metal ion coordination motifs led to their classification into diverse subgroups viz. I‐A, I‐B, I‐C, II‐A, and II‐B. Based on this classification, here we investigate promiscuity across the entire family of SNTs. We study the utilization of several sugar phosphates and nucleotides by the various subgroups of SNTs to understand substrate specificity and promiscuity in these. We find that promiscuity is prevalent among SNTs; and in particular, in the thermophilic homologs. In principle, promiscuity profiling identified four new SNTs that can be employed for the production of sugar‐nucleotide libraries. However, assaying for their ability to simultaneously utilize multiple substrates in a single‐pot reaction, we find two thermophilic SNTs‐ TMGA, an adenylyltransferase from Thermotoga maritima and PHGT, a thymidylyltransferase from Pyrococcus horikoshii that are readily employable for the production of diverse sugar‐nucleotides.
N ° 2014-07 The Effects of Child Care Provision in Mexico April 2014

In 2007, seeking to increase female labor force participation and more generally ease burdens on working women, the Mexican government introduced an enormous expansion of a child care program: Estancias Infantiles para Apoyar a Madres Trabajadoras (EI). EI covers 90 percent approximately of the cost of enrolling a child under age four at a formal child care center and is intended to benefit women who are looking for work, in school, or working -with the exception of those who already have access to child care because their job is covered by Mexico's social security system (IMSS). The roll-out of EI was so fast and intense that, by mid-2010, it had approximately 357,000 child care spaces. In order to identify the effects of the program I use a combination of triple differences and synthetic control methods, and find that EI increased women's probability of working and reduced the time they devoted to child rearing. EI also caused women to obtain more stable jobs and it increased their labor incomes. Affected husbands spent less time on child rearing and housework, and they were more likely to switch to a better-paid job.
Measurements of O3, NO2 and Temperature during the 2004 Canadian Arctic ACE Validation Campaign

The 2004 Canadian Arctic ACE Validation Campaign was conducted to provide correlative data for validating measurements from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite mission. These measurements were made at Eureka, Nunavut during polar springtime 2004. Six ground‐based instruments were operated during the intensive phase of the campaign and ozonesondes and radiosondes were flown. During this time, ACE‐FTS and ACE‐MAESTRO were performing solar‐occultation measurements over the Canadian Arctic. We report the first comparisons between campaign measurements and those from ACE, focusing on O3, NO2 and temperature. Initial mean O3 profiles from ACE‐FTS and ACE‐MAESTRO agree to within 20% between 10 and 30 km, and the NO2 profiles agree to within 40% between 17 and 40 km, which is within the standard deviations. The ACE‐FTS temperature profiles agree to better than 2.5 K with the radiosonde temperatures from 10 to 32 km and with the lidar temperatures from 17 to 45 km.
Expression Level of Caspase Genes in Colorectal Cancer

Background: Caspases proteins are protease enzymes involved in the initiation and execution of apoptosis process. Regulation of apoptosis process plays an important role in the normal biological events and development. In addition to developmental abnormalities, dysregulated apoptosis system may lead to tumorigenesis, autoimmunity, and other serious health problems. Aberrant regulation of apoptosis may also be the paramount cause of chemoresistance during cancer therapy. It is aimed through this study to evaluate the transcript levels of Caspase 3, 8, and 9 in tumoral tissues from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and compare it with normal marginal tissues. Methods: Fifty tumor tissues and their matched marginal tissues, as control group, were obtained from CRC patients. Total mRNA of all tissue samples was extracted and cDNA was synthesized. Using SYBR Green PCR master mix and Real-time gene expression technique, the transcript level of target genes was quantified. Results: Experiments indicated that mRNA expressions of caspase 9 and 3 were downregulated in tumoral tissues from CRC patients in comparison to marginal tissues. In contrast, tumoral tissues expressed mRNA of caspase 8 higher than normal marginal tissues. Modified transcript levels of caspase 3, 8, and 9 were correlated with the clinical manifestations of the patients. Conclusions: Alteration in the mRNA level of caspase genes may be involved in the development of CRC.
Mucoadhesive chitosan-coated PLGA nanoparticles for oral delivery of ferulic acid

Abstract This paper describes the development and in vitro evaluation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles coated with chitosan (CS) for oral delivery of ferulic acid (FA). Nanoparticles were obtained by an emulsion evaporation technique and characterized. Furthermore, we evaluated the scavenging activity over hypochlorous acid (HOCl), the cytotoxicity over tumour cells and the in vitro intestinal permeability. Nanoparticles were spherical with a mean diameter of 242 nm, positive zeta potential and 50% of encapsulation efficiency. The in vitro release in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.4) demonstrated a prolonged and biphasic profile diffusion-controlled. In simulated gastrointestinal fluids, about 15% of FA was released in gastric fluid and a negligible release was observed in the intestinal fluid. In the HOCl scavenging activity and cytotoxicity over B16-F10 and HeLa cells, FA-loaded nanoparticles presented the same efficacy of the free drug. Besides, in the antioxidant and cytotoxic assay, CS contributed to FA effects. In the intestinal permeability study, FA-loaded nanoparticles exhibited a permeation of 6% through the Caco-2 monolayer and 20% through the Caco-2/HT29-MTX/Raji B co-culture. CS-coated PLGA nanoparticles are promising carriers for oral delivery of FA.
Virtual Machine Migration Scheme Based on Score Matrix in Data Centers

Virtual Machine Migration (VMM) is a key technology in data centers. Due to the uncertainty of applications in resource allocation, the imbalance of resource utilization is badly poor. In this paper, an Auto-regression Moving Average model is proposed to predict the resource requirement of a certain virtual machine, while the resource utilization rate of the physical machine is analyzed. Since the existing VMM scheme basically follows one by one migration, which makes the migration be unable to achieve the global optimum and save more energy, the paper introduces migrated cost matrix, and recommends a set of migrations with the best performance from a global point of view to carry out the migration, and improves the ``three-step'' method in the traditional migrated scheme to achieve energy efficiency. Simulation experiments show that the proposed scheme in the paper can effectively reduce the energy consumption, and can improve the quality of service in a certain degree.
Brain Networks Reveal the Effects of Antipsychotic Drugs on Schizophrenia Patients and Controls

The study of brain networks, including those derived from functional neuroimaging data, attracts a broad interest and represents a rapidly growing interdisciplinary field. Comparing networks of healthy volunteers with those of patients can potentially offer new, quantitative diagnostic methods and a framework for better understanding brain and mind disorders. We explore resting state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data through network measures. We construct networks representing 15 healthy individuals and 12 schizophrenia patients (males and females), all of whom are administered three drug treatments: i) a placebo; and two antipsychotic medications ii) aripiprazole and iii) sulpiride. We compare these resting state networks to a performance at an “N-back” working memory task. We demonstrate that not only is there a distinctive network architecture in the healthy brain that is disrupted in schizophrenia but also that both networks respond to antipsychotic medication. We first reproduce the established finding that brain networks of schizophrenia patients exhibit increased efficiency and reduced clustering compared with controls. Our data then reveal that the antipsychotic medications mitigate this effect, shifting the metrics toward those observed in healthy volunteers, with a marked difference in efficacy between the two drugs. Additionally, we find that aripiprazole considerably alters the network statistics of healthy controls. Examining the “N-back” working memory task, we establish that aripiprazole also adversely affects their performance. This suggests that changes to macroscopic brain network architecture result in measurable behavioral differences. This is one of the first studies to directly compare different medications using a whole-brain graph theoretical analysis with accompanying behavioral data. The small sample size is an inherent limitation and means a degree of caution is warranted in interpreting the findings. Our results lay the groundwork for an objective methodology with which to calculate and compare the efficacy of different treatments of mind and brain disorders.
Architectures for provision of internet services for high speed trains and TAP association problem

In present scenario, high-speed train can be considered as a speedy and essential public transportation system, which brings meaningful comfort to passengers. In this paper, we investigate all possible architectures to efficiently provide broadband internet services for passengers onboard. We compare throughput of all possible architectures. Finally we examine implementation of new technologies like LTE, MIMO and MASSIVE MIMO for high speed train to enhance data rates. we discuss advantages and challenges for the implementation of new technology. Finally, We did simulation for high speed network which is combination of dedicated infrastructure and cellular system. We uses Trackside Access Point(TAP)parallel with the track. Then we discuss TAP association problem scenario. To get access of TAP service, user will decide whether to join in the queue or not and plot simulation for the same.
A Neolithic expansion, but strong genetic structure, in the independent history of New Guinea

The population structure in Papua New Guinea reflects a Neolithic transition with high present-day genetic differentiation. Genetic history of Papua New Guinea peoples Papua New Guinea was likely a stepping stone for human migration from Asia to Australia. Bergström et al. analyzed genome-wide autosomal data from several peoples in Papua New Guinea and determined population structure, divergence, and temporal size changes on the island. A sharp genetic divide is evident between the highlands and lowlands that appears to have occurred 10,000 to 20,000 years ago, concurrent with the spread of crop cultivation and the trans-New Guinea language family. Science, this issue p. 1160 New Guinea shows human occupation since ~50 thousand years ago (ka), independent adoption of plant cultivation ~10 ka, and great cultural and linguistic diversity today. We performed genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping on 381 individuals from 85 language groups in Papua New Guinea and find a sharp divide originating 10 to 20 ka between lowland and highland groups and a lack of non–New Guinean admixture in the latter. All highlanders share ancestry within the last 10 thousand years, with major population growth in the same period, suggesting population structure was reshaped following the Neolithic lifestyle transition. However, genetic differentiation between groups in Papua New Guinea is much stronger than in comparable regions in Eurasia, demonstrating that such a transition does not necessarily limit the genetic and linguistic diversity of human societies.