Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A low-power, low phase noise CMOS VCO with suppression of 1/f flicker noise up-conversion

This paper proposes a low-power, low close-in phasenoise voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) based on Colpitts oscillator. The VCO stacks the Colpitts VCO with a negative conductance cell. By exploiting a bias-level shifting technique, the proposed VCO provides larger output swing, and the close-in phase noise characteristics is improved impressively while consuming very low power. The proposed VCO is designed and simulated in 65 nm CMOS technology operating at 2.6 GHz with only 0.12 mA core current consumption from 0.5 V supply voltage. The simulated phase noise of the proposed VCO is −27.6 dBc/Hz at 100 Hz offset, −54.4 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset, and −117.7 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency, respectively. The calculated figure of merit (FOM) is about −198 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. Compared to that of the conventional VCO, the phase noise performance is significantly improved by more than 20 dB from 100 Hz to 1 kHz offset, around 15 dB at 10 kHz offset, and 6 dB at 1 MHz offset frequency, respectively.
A flexible datapath generator for physical oriented design

A flexible datapath generator for the physical oriented design of optimized building blocks in the area of DSP ASIC design is presented. The generator concept combines the advantages of full-custom macros regarding power dissipation, silicon area, and throughput rate with a low design effort and high flexibility. Hence, the datapath generator enables the physical oriented design of parameterizable IP blocks. Industry related benchmarks demonstrate the performance of the datapath generator.
Self‐burning versus self‐cutting: Patterns and implications of self‐mutilation; a preliminary study of differences between self‐cutting and self‐burning in a Japanese juvenile detention center

Abstract The purpose of the present paper was to examine the differences in clinical features between self‐cutters and self‐burners, to clarify clinical implications of self‐mutilating behaviors other than self‐cutting. Subjects were 201 delinquent adolescents consecutively entering a Japanese juvenile detention center from February 2003 to March 2003. The subjects were assessed using a self‐reporting questionnaire to evaluate self‐mutilation, traumatic events, and problematic behaviors. Beck Depression Inventory‐2 (BDI‐2) and Adolescent Dissociative Experience Scale (A‐DES) were also tested. Subjects were classified into four groups according to self‐mutilating behaviors: non‐self‐cutting or ‐burning (NSCB), self‐cutting (SC), self‐burning (SB), and self‐cutting and self‐burning (SCB). The questionnaire answers and scores of the BDI‐2 and A‐DES were compared between the four groups. Of 201 subjects, 33 (16.4%) had cut their wrists or forearms at least once, and 72 of 201 (35.8%) had burned themselves at least once. The SC and SCB group had traumatic events, problematic behavior, and various types of self‐mutilating behavior more frequently than the other two groups. The SCB group reported additional types of self‐mutilating behavior more than the SC group. The SCB group also experienced multiple body customizations compared to the SC group, and exhibited higher scores on the BDI‐2 and A‐DES than the other three groups. The self‐burning without self‐cutting may have limited clinical implications. However, the self‐burning with self‐cutting may suggest depression and dissociation, as well as possible indication of self‐mutilating behavior.
Influences of landscape and pollinators on population genetic structure: examples from three Penstemon (Plantaginaceae) species in the Great Basin.

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Despite rapid growth in the field of landscape genetics, our understanding of how landscape features interact with life history traits to influence population genetic structure in plant species remains limited. Here, we identify population genetic divergence in three species of Penstemon (Plantaginaceae) similarly distributed throughout the Great Basin region of the western United States but with different pollination syndromes (bee and hummingbird). The Great Basin's mountainous landscape provides an ideal setting to compare the interaction of landscape and dispersal ability in isolating populations of different species. METHODS We used eight highly polymorphic microsatellite loci to identify neutral population genetic structure between populations within and among mountain ranges for eight populations of P. deustus, 10 populations of P. pachyphyllus, and 10 populations of P. rostriflorus. We applied traditional population genetics approaches as well as spatial and landscape genetics approaches to infer genetic structure and discontinuities among populations. KEY RESULTS All three species had significant genetic structure and exhibited isolation by distance, ranging from high structure and low inferred gene flow in the bee-pollinated species P. deustus (F(ST) = 0.1330, R(ST) = 0.4076, seven genetic clusters identified) and P. pachyphyllus (F(ST) = 0.1896, R(ST) = 0.2531, four genetic clusters identified) to much lower structure and higher inferred gene flow in the hummingbird-pollinated P. rostriflorus (F(ST) = 0.0638, R(ST) = 0.1116, three genetic clusters identified). CONCLUSIONS These three Penstemon species have significant yet strikingly different patterns of population genetic structure, findings consistent with different interactions between landscape features and the dispersal capabilities of their pollinators.
Communities on Social Networking Sites: Testing a Socio-Cognitive Model for Brand Page Usage

In recent years many corporations have become active on social networking sites (SNS). However, our understanding about how and why community members use corporate pages on SNS has not kept pace. In our study, we test a socio-cognitive model of brand page usage to investigate users’ incentives to consume and interact with corporations on Facebook. In order to do so, we conducted an online survey (N=1294) and analyzed our data using exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). We find that motives among the activity, self-reactive-novel and monetary incentive dimension drive consumption behavior; incentives among the status, practical-novel and selfreactive dimension drive participation; and finally, social, self-reactive and status incentives were found to stimulate production behavior on Facebook brand pages. The implications for community management on SNS will be discussed at the end of the paper.
Simulated Annealing based Parameter Optimization of Time-frequency ε-filter Utilizing Correlation Coefficient

Time-Frequencyε-filter (TF ε-filter) can reduce different types of noise from a single-channel noisy signal while preserving the signal that varies drastically such as a speech signal. It can reduce not only small stationary noise but also large nonstationary noise. However, it has some parameters whose values are set empirically. So far, there are few studies to optimize the parameter of TF ε-filter automatically. In this paper, we employ the correlation coefficient of the filter output and the difference between the filter input and output as the evaluation function of the parameter optimization. We also propose an algorithm to set the optimal parameter of TF ε-filter automatically. The experimental results show that we can obtain the adequate parameter in TF ε-filter automatically by using the proposed method.
The Detection of Feigned Impairment Using the WMT, MSVT, and NV-MSVT

The current study sought to evaluate the sensitivity of the Word Memory Test, Medical Symptom Validity Test, and the Nonverbal Medical Symptom Validity Test (NV-MSVT) in a group of 50 well-educated individuals asked to simulate dementia. With use of the Genuine Memory Impairment Profile as operationalized by the Advanced Interpretation Program, sensitivities for single measures and the measures in combination ranged from 54% to 98% in the detection of suboptimal effort. Overall, the NV-MSVT appeared the most sensitive to feigned memory impairment in this sample.
The Culture of Domestic Violence Advocacy: Values of Equality/Behaviors of Control

SUMMARY Domestic violence advocacy is a culture unto itself. The themes it addresses, in combination with the dominant frames of discourse (Fairclough, 1989) used in the daily conversations of advocates and their supporters, contribute to the stagnation of domestic violence advocacy as a profession and stunt its ability to address the non-homogenous, culturally diverse group of men, women and children living under the tyranny of violence within their homes. Social and political ties to funding institutions and government agencies reify existing concepts about domestic violence education and allow little opportunity for improvement. This article details the methodology and findings of a qualitative, ethnographic research project conducted at an undisclosed domestic violence agency. Qualitative results were analyzed using methods of grounded theory, discourse analysis and narrative analysis. Results revealed four major discourse themes that contribute to the current culture of domestic violence advocacy: (1) systemic contributions to the normalization of crisis, (2) cultural contradictions between paradigms and practice of domestic violence advocacy, (3) ambiguity over the line between childhood and adulthood and (4) assumptions about “victim-hood. ”
A GA-based cache replacement policy

Caching has been recognized as an effective scheme for avoiding service bottleneck and reducing network traffic in World Wide Web. Cache replacement policy plays a key role in Web caching. This paper proposes a method based on genetic algorithm (GA) to provide a novel way for efficient cache replacement. A hybrid algorithm is chosen to work as fitness function. The cache replacement policy considers not only download time but also number of references to an object and object size. Experimental result shows that the GA-based cache replacement policy is effective.
Adaptive genic evolution in the Drosophila genomes

Determining the extent of adaptive evolution at the genomic level is central to our understanding of molecular evolution. A suitable observation for this purpose would consist of polymorphic data on a large and unbiased collection of genes from two closely related species, each having a large and stable population. In this study, we sequenced 419 genes from 24 lines of Drosophila melanogaster and its close relatives. Together with data from Drosophila simulans, these data reveal the following. (i) Approximately 10% of the loci in regions of normal recombination are much less polymorphic at silent sites than expected, hinting at the action of selective sweeps. (ii) The level of polymorphism is negatively correlated with the rate of nonsynonymous divergence across loci. Thus, even under strict neutrality, the ratio of amino acid to silent nucleotide changes (A:S) between Drosophila species is expected to be 25–40% higher than the A:S ratio for polymorphism when data are pooled across the genome. (iii) The observed A/S ratio between species among the 419 loci is 28.9% higher than the (adjusted) neutral expectation. We estimate that nearly 30% of the amino acid substitutions between D. melanogaster and its close relatives were adaptive. (iv) This signature of adaptive evolution is observable only in regions of normal recombination. Hence, the low level of polymorphism observed in regions of reduced recombination may not be driven primarily by positive selection. Finally, we discuss the theories and data pertaining to the interpretation of adaptive evolution in genomic studies.
Pulmonary emphysema: comparison of preoperative quantitative CT and physiologic index values with clinical outcome after lung-volume reduction surgery.

PURPOSE To compare quantitative computed tomographic (CT) and preoperative physiologic values in emphysema with outcome after lung-volume reduction surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 46 patients, emphysema was quantified by measuring lung attenuation on preoperative CT scans. Quantitative CT and preoperative physiologic values and postoperative outcomes (1-second forced expiratory volume, PaO2, and 6-minute walk distance) were compared. RESULTS Moderately strong correlations were found between several quantitative CT and preoperative physiologic values (magnitude of r = .29-.58, P < .05) and several quantitative CT and outcome measures (magnitude of r = .31-.47, P < .05). With stratification, postoperative outcome was better with mean lung attenuation greater than -900 HU; 75% or greater of upper lung below -900 HU (emphysema index); greater than 25% of lung below -960 HU (severe emphysema index); ratio of upper- and lower-lung emphysema indexes 1.5 or greater; volume of normally attenuated lung (-850 to -701 HU) greater than 1 L; and full width at half maximum of attenuation-frequency distribution 80 HU or less. Differences in outcome measures between groups stratified with quantitative CT values were often two- to threefold; patients with greater numbers of favorable quantitative CT values had better outcome. Correlations between preoperative physiologic measures and outcome were few. CONCLUSION In emphysema, quantitative CT values correlate with outcome. Quantitative assessment of emphysema in candidates for lung-volume reduction surgery is potentially useful.
Streptokinase Infusion in the Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Review

Recent studies indicate that Streptokinase therapy early in Acute Myocardial Infarction can successfully produce coronary thrombolysis in approximately 80% of such patients. Reperfusion is frequently accompanied by relief of chest pain and normalization of ST segments. Cineangiography has shown myocardial salvage of the infarct region, improved LV function, and lowered mortality rates. The untoward effects of Streptokinase treatment appear to be manageable and the benefits of recanalization with Streptokinase outweigh the risks and side effects involved.
High-frequency regeneration in speech coding systems

The traditional method of high-frequency regeneration (HFR) of the excitation signal in baseband coders has been to rectify the transmitted baseband, followed by spectral flattening. In addition, a noise source is added at high frequencies to compensate for lack of energy during certain sounds. In this paper, we reexamine the whole HFR process. We show that the degree of rectification does not affect the output speech, and that, with proper processing, the high-frequency noise source may be eliminated. We introduce a new type of HFR based on spectral duplication of the baseband. Two types of spectral duplication are presented: spectral folding and spectral translation. Finally, in order to eliminate the problem of breaking the harmonic structure due to spectral duplication, we propose a pitch-adaptive spectral duplication scheme in the frequency domain by using adaptive transform coding to code the baseband.
Kerberos: an authentication service for computer networks

When using authentication based on cryptography, an attacker listening to the network gains no information that would enable it to falsely claim another's identity. Kerberos is the most commonly used example of this type of authentication technology. The authors concentrate on authentication for real-time, interactive services that are offered on computer networks. They use the term real-time loosely to mean that a client process is waiting for a response to a query or command so that it can display the results to the user, or otherwise continue performing its intended function. This class of services includes remote login, file system reads and writes, and information retrieval for applications like Mosaic. <<ETX>>
Standardization of Some Electrocardiographic Parameters of Captive Leopard Cats (Leopardus tigrinus)

Abstract Thirty-three captive leopard cats, Leopardus tigrinus, were anesthetized with xylazine (1–2 mg/kg) and ketamine (10 mg/kg), and electrocardiograph (ECG) tests were recorded in all leads with 1 cm = 1 mV sensibility and 25 mm/sec speed repeating DII lead at 50 mm/sec speed with the same sensibility. Results expressed by mean and standard deviation were: heart rate (HR) = 107 ± 17 (bpm); P-wave = 0.048 ± 0.072 (s) × 0.128 ± 0.048 (mV); PR interval = 0.101 ± 0.081 (s); QRS compound = 0.053 ± 0.012 (s) × 1.446 ± 0.602 (mV); QT interval = 0.231 ± 0.028 (s); R-wave (CV6LL) = 1.574 ± 0.527 (mV); R-wave (CV6LU) = 1.583 ± 0.818 (mV); heart rhythm: normal sinus rhythm (15.2%), sinus rhythm with wandering pacemaker (WPM) (60.6%), sinus arrhythmia with WPM (24.2%); electric axis: between +30° and +60° (6.1%), +60 (6.1%), between +60° and +90° (57.6%), +90° (9%), between +90° and +120° (21.2%); ST segment: normal (75.7%), elevation (18.2%), depression (6.1%); T-wave polarity (DII): positive (100%); T-wave (V10): absent (6.1%), negative (63.6%), positive (18.2%), and with interference (12.1%). Through ECG data comparison with other species, unique features of Leopardus tigrinus' (leopard cat) ECG parameters were detected. Some of the study animals presented with an R-wave amplitude that was indicative of left ventricle overload according to patterns for normal domestic cats (Felis cati). Echocardiographic exams revealed normal heart cavities' function and morphology. The aim of this study was to establish some electrocardiographic parameters of captive L. tigrinus.
The theory of business strategy.

* The field of industrial organization has been transformed during the past twenty years. In the 1950s and 1960s, I.O. was predominantly an empirical field with little theory to guide either industry analysis or cross-section regression studies. During the 1980s, by contrast, there has been an intense flurry of activity in I.O. devoted to the development of new theory. This new wave of research consists almost exclusively of game-theoretic studies of behavior and performance in imperfectly competitive markets. In his companion piece Franklin Fisher argues that the game-theoretic approach to industrial organization has been unsuccessful. My aim here is to provide one participant's view of what industrial organization economists have learned from the recent theoretical research and where the field of industrial organization should go during the 1990s.
Title : Localization of Syntactic and Semantic Brain Responses using Magnetoencephalography Year : 2007 Version : Preprint

& Electrophysiological methods have been used to study the temporal sequence of syntactic and semantic processing during sentence comprehension. Two responses associated with syntactic violations are the left anterior negativity (LAN) and the P600. A response to semantic violation is the N400. Although the sources of the N400 response have been identified in the left (and right) temporal lobe, the neural signatures of the LAN and P600 have not been revealed. The present study used magnetoencephalography to localize sources of syntactic and semantic activation in Finnish sentence reading. Participants were presented with sentences that ended in normally inf lected nouns, nouns in an unacceptable case, verbs instead of nouns, or nouns that were correctly inflected but made no sense in the context. Around 400 msec, semantically anomalous last words evoked strong activation in the left superior temporal lobe with significant activation also for word class errors (N400). Weaker activation was seen for the semantic errors in the right hemisphere. Later, 600–800 msec after word onset, the strongest activation was seen to word class and morphosyntactic errors (P600). Activation was significantly weaker to semantically anomalous and correct words. The P600 syntactic activation was localized to bilateral sources in the temporal lobe, posterior to the N400 sources. The results suggest that the same general region of the superior temporal cortex gives rise to both LAN and N400 with bilateral reactivity to semantic manipulation and a left hemisphere effect to syntactic manipulation. The bilateral P600 response was sensitive to syntactic but not semantic factors. &
A Model for Assessing Pedestrian Corridors. Application to Vitoria-Gasteiz City (Spain)

From a mobility perspective, walking is considered to be the most sustainable transport mode. One of the consequences of motor-oriented urban configuration on pedestrian mobility is urban fragmentation, which affects sustainability in cities. In this paper, we use a natural-based approach to landscape fragmentation and connectivity (inherited from landscape ecology) for pedestrian mobility planning. Our aim is to design a useful methodology to identify priority pedestrian corridors, and to assess the effects of implementing barrier-free pedestrian corridors in the city. For this purpose, we developed a method that integrates Geographical Information Systems (GIS) network analysis with kernel density methods, which are commonly used for designating habitat corridors. It was applied to Vitoria-Gasteiz (Spain). Pedestrian mobility was assessed by comparison of travel times between different scenarios. Results show that the implementation of pedestrian corridors reduces travel time by approximately 6%. Thus, an intervention in a small percentage of the city’s street network could considerably reduce pedestrian travel times. The proposed methodology is a useful tool for urban and transport planners to improve pedestrian mobility and manage motorised traffic.
Experimental verification of regression to the mean in redox biology: differential responses to exercise

Abstract An important methodological threat when selecting individuals based on initial values for a given trait is the “regression to the mean” artifact. This artifact appears when a group with an extreme mean value during a first measurement tends to obtain a less extreme value (i.e. tends toward the mean) on a subsequent measurement. The main aim was to experimentally confirm the presence of this artifact in the responses of the reference oxidative stress biomarker (F2-isoprostanes) after exercise. Urine samples were collected before and immediately following acute exercise in order to determine the level of exercise-induced oxidative stress. Afterwards, participants were arranged into three groups based on their levels of exercise-induced oxidative stress (low, moderate and high oxidative stress groups; n = 12 per group). In order to verify the existence of the regression to the mean artifact, the three groups were subjected to a second exercise trial one week after the first trial. This study confirmed the regression to the mean artifact in a redox biology context and showed that this artifact can be minimized by performing a duplicate pretreatment measurement after completing a nonrandom sorting based on the first assessment. This study also indicated that different individuals experience high oxidative stress or reductive stress (or no stress) to the same exercise stimulus even after adjusting for regression to the mean. This finding substantiates the methodological choice to divide individuals based on their degree of exercise-induced oxidative stress in future experiments to investigate the role of reactive species in exercise adaptations.
On-Chip Silicon TE-Pass Polarizer Based on Asymmetrical Directional Couplers

An on-chip silicon TE-pass polarizer is proposed and demonstrated. The proposed polarizer is realized by asymmetrical directional couplers assisted with sharp bending and tapered waveguides. The TM0 mode is converted into TM1 mode through the asymmetrical directional coupler and then filtered out by the bending and taper, while TE0 mode goes through with negligible coupling due to the phase mismatch. The measured extinction ratio at central wavelength is 29.8 dB, while the −15 dB bandwidth is >80 nm.