Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using pulmonary artery acceleration time to evaluate pulmonary hemodynamic changes on preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome

Background Pulmonary artery acceleration time (PAAT) is a reliable and non-invasive method for assessing pulmonary hemodynamics. To date, few studies have used PAAT to assess preterm infants, especially those with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). This study aimed to assess changes in PAAT among preterm infants with RDS undergoing pulmonary surfactant (PS) therapy or not, and determine its potential effects on the pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) outcomes of preterm infants with RDS in the late postnatal period. Methods The risk of RDS was reviewed in 62 preterm infants with a gestational age of 26–31 weeks. The infants receiving PS therapy were allocated to the PS group, and the others were allocated to the control group. PAAT, right ventricular ejection time (RVET), and other ultrasonic parameters at 3 different time points after birth were studied and compared. Results Infants in the PS group had a significantly lower PAAT (52.7±5.9 vs. 59.6±8.7; P=0.001) and PAAT/RVET (0.30±0.03 vs. 0.33±0.03; P=0.001) than those in the control group at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). No significant increases in PAAT/RVET were detected at 3 different times for the PS group (P=0.117), but both PAAT and PAAT/RVET increased significantly with time after birth in the control group (P<0.001). Conclusions Preterm infants with RDS might still have PVD in the late postnatal period and thus require long-term follow-up observation. PAAT appears to be a reliable non-invasive screening measure for evaluating pulmonary hemodynamics in preterm infants with RDS and late PVD.
State and Unknown Terrain Estimation for Planetary Rovers via Interval Observers

Herein, the problem of state and unknown terrain estimation is considered, where the unknown planetary terrain parameters, e.g., terrain stiffness and ground height, are inferred from how it affects rover motion through vehicle‐terrain interaction. In particular, an alternative framework for terrain estimation based on set‐valued or set‐membership estimation is proposed, where the goal is to find set‐valued estimates (in the form of hyper‐rectangles or intervals) of the states and unknown terrain parameters. For this purpose, a state and model interval observer is designed for partially unknown nonlinear systems with bounded noise. By leveraging a combination of nonlinear bounding/decomposition functions, affine abstractions, and a data‐driven function abstraction method (to overestimate the unknown dynamics model from noisy input–output data), the proposed observer is capable of simultaneously estimating the states and learning the unknown dynamics. Further, a tractable sufficient condition is derived for guaranteeing the stability of the designed observer, i.e., such that the sequence of interval estimate widths are uniformly bounded. When applied to the state and unknown terrain estimation problem, the simulation results indicate that our approach can more reliably find the range of possible terrain parameters when compared with the cubature Kalman filter.
From Molecular to Metallic Gold Nanoparticles: The Role of Nanocrystal Symmetry in the Crossover Region.

Bulk gold is a good metal, i.e., conductor of electricity and heat, due to its delocalized electron density that can respond to extremely small external perturbations such as electric field or temperature gradient. In energy space, the quantum states of the conduction electrons cross over the metal's Fermi energy continuously. But when gold is dispersed in finite nanometer-size particles or 'clusters', the delocalized electronic states are re-grouped in energy space to 'shells' according to allowed energy levels and the symmetry and shape of the atomic arrangement. This re-grouping generates also an energy gap in the vicinity of the Fermi energy akin to the energy gap between occupied and unoccupied electron orbitals in molecules. How does the formation of these shells and the energy gap affect the physico-chemical properties of the nanoparticle? How does one get from a 'molecule-like' gold nanoparticle to 'metal-like' gold nanoparticle? Here we analyse the electronic structure and optical and chiroptical properties of recently reported gold nanoparticles of 144, 146, and 246 gold atoms, that are made by wet chemistry methods and whose structures have been resolved to atomic precision. We demonstrate computationally how re-grouping of the quantum states of valence electrons can affect drastically the optical properties of nanoparticles in the crossover-size region, by either generating a multi-band molecule-like or a monotonous metallic optical absorption. The lower the symmetry of the gold core, the more metallic is the nanoparticle. The underlying mechanism arises from symmetry-sensitive distribution of the electronic levels of the nanoparticle close to Fermi energy. Overall, this work sheds lights on fundamental mechanisms on how molecular nanoparticle properties can change metallic in the crossover-size region.
Widespread retention of ohnologs in key developmental gene families following whole-genome duplication in arachnopulmonates

Abstract Whole-genome duplications (WGDs) have occurred multiple times during animal evolution, including in lineages leading to vertebrates, teleosts, horseshoe crabs, and arachnopulmonates. These dramatic events initially produce a wealth of new genetic material, generally followed by extensive gene loss. It appears, however, that developmental genes such as homeobox genes, signaling pathway components and microRNAs are frequently retained as duplicates (so-called ohnologs) following WGD. These not only provide the best evidence for WGD, but an opportunity to study its evolutionary consequences. Although these genes are well studied in the context of vertebrate WGD, similar comparisons across the extant arachnopulmonate orders are patchy. We sequenced embryonic transcriptomes from two spider species and two amblypygid species and surveyed three important gene families, Hox, Wnt, and frizzled, across these and 12 existing transcriptomic and genomic resources for chelicerates. We report extensive retention of putative ohnologs, further supporting the ancestral arachnopulmonate WGD. We also found evidence of consistent evolutionary trajectories in Hox and Wnt gene repertoires across three of the six arachnopulmonate orders, with interorder variation in the retention of specific paralogs. We identified variation between major clades in spiders and are better able to reconstruct the chronology of gene duplications and losses in spiders, amblypygids, and scorpions. These insights shed light on the evolution of the developmental toolkit in arachnopulmonates, highlight the importance of the comparative approach within lineages, and provide substantial new transcriptomic data for future study.
Problems and Countermeasures of College Sports Activities under the Thought of Lifelong Physical Education

With the improvement of people's living standards and cultural quality, the concept of lifelong physical education has become the focus of attention. The main purpose of this paper is how to better combine lifelong physical education ideas with practical activities and improve the enthusiasm of college students. In this paper, questionnaire survey and data mining technology are used to investigate the students of a university in Jiangxi Province, and 924 valid questionnaires are collected. The results show that 41.02% of the students exercise two or three times a week; 41.77% of the students think that sports activities are average; 51.62% of the students' motivation to participate in sports activities is to lose weight. This shows that the college students' participation in sports activities is not high, their attitude is general, and their motivation is not strong enough. 343 and 317 students think that the main factors affecting their participation in sports activities are activity type, location and facilities. Therefore, colleges and universities should improve students' enthusiasm, carry out various forms of sports activities, and create a good sports atmosphere.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Efficiency of Soft Chemically Synthesized MAl2O4 / Activated Carbon Based Composite in the Removal of Toxic Malachite Green Dye Under Visible Light

Composites of spinel aluminate (MAl2O4) based materials having activated carbon (AC) as the base materials were synthesized using chemical precipitation method. The as synthesized photocatalyst was characterized using X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform Infrared Spectrophotomatry (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDS) and UV- DRS studies. The XRD confirms the presence of amorphous phase along-with crystalline spinel phase. The bonds related to tetrahedral and octahedral sites of the spinel were confirmed by FTIR. EDS confirmed the presence of appropriate elements. The presence of pores in the sample was shown by SEM. The UV-Visible spectra of the spinel – AC composites exhibited λmax in the range of 365–400 nm. The composites were very effective in the photo-degradation of MG dye from water. The photocatalytic degradation of MG follows pseudo first order reaction mechanism i.e., Langmuire and Hinshelwood kinetic model. Among the photocatalysts studied, Co0.85Ni0. 15Al2O4−δ /AC exhibited excellent degradation efficiency in removing MG completely within 90 minutes under visible light irradiation.
Hybrid Attention-based Approach for Arabic Paraphrase Detection

ABSTRACT The growth of data across the web and the ambiguous structure of Arabic language have favored the act of paraphrase. It is defined as a restatement of the original text, giving the same meaning in another form without mentioning its source. Its detection requires calculating semantic textual similarity, which is an important research area in Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. Following the literature, deep neural network models have gained satisfactory results in sentence modeling and similarity computing. In this context, a hybrid Siamese neural network architecture is proposed that is composed of the following main components: First, salient features are extracted by applying Global Vectors Representation (GloVe). Then, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) capture and learn the contextual meaning of words due to their outstanding performance that has been achieved in different NLP tasks. Then, the output of CNN is combined with an attention model to distinguish the most important words representing the meaning of the sentence. The similarity score between sentences was subsequently computed by applying the cosine measure. Experiments were carried out on a proposed Arabic paraphrased corpus using the Open-Source Arabic Corpora (OSAC). To validate its quality, the SemEval benchmark is used.
Design and Analysis of a Triple-band Non-zonal Polarization Electromagnetic Metamaterial Absorber

A facile design of a novel triple-band electromagnetic metamaterial absorber (MMA) with polarization insensitive property is proposed in this paper. Each unit of the MMA consists of upper copper resonator and bottom copper plate with middle dielectric FR-4 between them. The MMA performs three absorption peaks at 16.919 GHz, 21.084 GHz and 25.266 GHz with absorption rates 99.90%, 97.76% and 99.18%, respectively. The influence of the main structural parameters on the frequencies and absorption rates is analyzed. The absorption mechanism of the absorber is explained by electric field, magnetic field and surface current distributions, which is supported by the electromagnetic parameters, affected with magnetic resonance. The polarization-insensitivity of TE wave is verified by observing the effects of the polarization angle change from 0-90º. The MMA can be applied in radiation, spectrum imaging detector, electromagnetic wave modulator, and so on.
Influence of reduced‐impact logging on Central Amazonian bats using a before‐after‐control‐impact design

Tropical forests contain the highest concentration of species in terrestrial ecosystems. However, they are disappearing rapidly due to forest clearing to extract timber illegally. Reduced‐impact logging (RIL) is one of the main sustainability proposals for earning profits while still promoting biodiversity conservation. In the present study, we test the impacts of RIL on biodiversity and use the results to draw conclusions regarding the capacity of RIL to deliver conservation goals whilst also enabling minimal biodiversity impacts. We used a before‐after‐control‐impact (BACI) study to assess the effects of RIL on a bat assemblage in Central Amazon. We sampled unlogged (control) and RIL areas before and after timber extraction. We also tested the relationship between forest canopy openness and bat assemblage before and after logging. For 64 nights, we captured 706 individuals of 33 Phyllostomidae species. Sampling time influenced total bat composition and phytophagous bat composition, both in logged and control sites. The time × site interaction influenced animalivorous bat composition and reduced the abundance and richness of animalivorous species in RIL sites. Sampling time, site, and the time × site interaction did not influence the number of species, total abundance, or phytophague abundance. The canopy was, on average, 3.4 times more open after the RIL and influenced animalivorous composition. Our results indicate that species sensitive to environmental changes, such as animalivorous bats, respond rapidly to forest logging. In more opportunistic guilds, such as phytophagues, the temporal change in the species composition in control and logged sites indicate that other temporal factors, besides logging, may have influenced bat assemblages. We suggest that RIL timber certification stimulates the protection of primary forest without logging within the area under exploration, which is not the case in the area we studied. We also recommend the application of BACI designs and monitoring environmental metrics in RIL impact studies.
Surgical Performance Anxiety and Wellbeing Among Surgeons

Objective: This national cross-sectional study aims to establish the prevalence and potential impact of performance anxiety among surgeons and investigate its association with psychological traits and wellbeing. Summary and Background Data: Despite a growing awareness that human factors, non-technical skills and wellbeing in healthcare affect patient outcomes, an area that has remained unexplored is surgical performance anxiety (SPA). Methods: A prospectively registered, cross-sectional study using mixed methods was conducted across the United Kingdom. Data captured included demographics, surgical specialty, trait anxiety, trait perfectionism, SPA, and surgical perfectionism scores. Wellbeing was assessed using The Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale, whereas qualitative data were collected regarding surgeons’ experiences of SPA. Results: A total of 631 responses were collected. Mean age was 41·2 years and mean surgical experience 15·3 years. A total of 62% were male and 52% of consultant/attending grade. A total of 100% felt that SPA affected surgeons, with 87% having experienced it themselves. A total of 65% reported SPA negatively impacted surgical performance and 96% felt SPA negatively impacted surgeons’ wellbeing. Male surgeons reported significantly better wellbeing than female surgeons. Surgeons with SPA reported significantly worse wellbeing compared with surgeons who did not experience SPA. Surgeons in general experienced significantly lower mental wellbeing compared with population norms. Thematic analysis highlighted a reticence to share SPA openly and need for cultural change. Conclusions: Surgical performance anxiety is a very common and significant challenge among surgeons across all specialties at all levels of experience in the United Kingdom. It is perceived by surgeons to affect surgical performance adversely and is associated with worse psychological wellbeing. A more open culture of sharing and acknowledgment has been identified to be beneficial.
Bipolar Radiofrequency Neurotomy of the Genicular Nerves for Chronic Pain Due to Knee Osteoarthritis

Background: The current treatments for chronic knee osteoarthritis (OA), a disabling and costly healthcare condition in the United States, vary in their level of supporting evidence. Although total knee replacement is one of the best-supported interventions, its associated risks should not be taken lightly, especially in older patients with comorbidities. Genicular nerve block with subsequent genicular nerve radiofrequency neurotomy (GN-RFN) has emerged as a promising intervention for refractory pain in knee OA. Purposes/Questions: We sought to assess the pain and functional outcomes of genicular nerve bipolar radiofrequency neurotomy (B-RFN) for the treatment of chronic pain due to knee OA. Methods: A total of 21 patients who underwent unilateral genicular nerve B-RFN after positive diagnostic genicular nerve block (50% or greater pain relief) treated between July 2018 to December 2018 were included. Pain numeric rating scale (NRS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores were collected at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months post-B-RFN. Changes at each time point were compared to baseline scores using paired sample t tests. Results: At 3 months, 62% of patients had a greater than 50% improvement in NRS scores and 57% of patients had a greater than 50% improvement in WOMAC scores. At 6 months, 81% of patients had a greater than 50% improvement in NRS scores and 67% had a greater than 50% improvement in WOMAC scores. The absolute change in mean NRS (± standard deviation) at 6 months went from 7.5 ± 1.9 to 2.5 ± 1.2. The absolute change in mean WOMAC scores at 6 months went from 46.9 ± 8.0 to 19.0 ± 6.2. Conclusion: Of 21 patients, 14 (67%) saw greater than 50% improvements in both NRS and WOMAC scores at 6 months after genicular nerve B-RFN. Further prospective studies are needed to determine the selection criteria of patients most likely to benefit from this procedure.
Effect of Time-Real Marine Environment Exposure on the Mechanical Behavior of FRP Composites

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites coupons were exposed to real sea environment to assess the influence on the mechanical behavior of composite materials used in the construction of marine structures. Real-life sea environment conditions were opted for instead of the more common simulated and laboratory versions of seawater in the attempt to obtain more realistic structural modeling environmental input design parameters for marine structures. Exposure was performed over prolonged time span instead of the usual accelerated tests. Epoxy and polyester resins, reinforced with glass fibers in three fiber layout configurations, were used to manufacture standardized tensile testing coupons. Mass changes due to seawater absorption, microorganism growth, changes in tensile strength (standard tensile tests), and surface morphology of the coupons were evaluated after 6- and 12-month long periods of submersion in the sea in the Rijeka bay, Croatia. All specimens showed mass increase due to water absorption and growth of attached algae and sea microorganisms. Various levels of reduction in tensile strength, depending on the fiber layout configurations, were observed. Significant changes in the matrix material structure were noticed, effectively producing “voids”. Based on these results, sustainability of FRP composites in marine environment is addressed and discussed.
Epidemiological assessment of cassava mosaic disease in Burkina Faso

Abstract Surveys were conducted in 2016 and 2017 across the main cassava‐growing regions of Burkina Faso to assess the status of cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and to determine the virus strains causing the disease, using field observation and phylogenetic analysis. CMD incidence varied between regions and across years but was lowest in Hauts‐Bassins (6.0%, 2016 and 5.4%, 2017) and highest in Centre‐Sud (18.5%, 2016) and in Boucle du Mouhoun (51.7%, 2017). The lowest CMD severity was found in Est region (2.0) for both years and the highest in Sud‐Ouest region (3.3, 2016) and Centre‐Sud region (2.8, 2017). The CMD infection was primarily associated with contaminated cuttings in all regions except in Hauts‐Bassins, where whitefly‐borne infection was higher than cuttings‐borne infection in 2016. PCR screening of 687 samples coupled with sequence analysis revealed the presence of African cassava mosaic‐like (ACMV‐like) viruses and East African cassava mosaic‐like (EACMV‐like) viruses as single infections at 79.5% and 1.1%, respectively. Co‐infections of ACMV‐like and EACMV‐like viruses were detected in 19.4% of the tested samples. In addition, 86.7% of the samples positive for EACMV‐like virus were found to be positive for East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus (EACMCMV). Phylogenetic analysis revealed the segregation of cassava mosaic geminiviruses (CMGs) from Burkina Faso into three clades specific to ACMV, African cassava mosaic Burkina Faso virus (ACMBFV), and EACMCMV, confirming the presence of these viruses. The results of this study show that EACMCMV occurrence may be more prevalent in Burkina Faso than previously thought.
Abraham model description of the solubilising properties of the isopropyl acetate organic mono-solvent

ABSTRACT Experimental mole fraction solubilities are reported for acenaphthene, o-acetoacetanisidide, acetylsalicylic acid, anthracene, benzil, benzoic acid, benzoin, 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid, 3-chlorobenzoic acid, 4-chlorobenzoic acid, 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid, 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoic acid, 3,4-dichlorobenzoic acid, 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid, 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid, diphenyl sulphone, fluoranthene, 9-fluorenone, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-methoxybenzoic acid, 4-methoxybenzoic acid, 2-methylbenzoic acid, 3-methylbenzoic acid, 2-methyl-3-nitrobenzoic acid, 3-methyl-4-nitrobenzoic acid, 4-methyl-3-nitrobenzoic acid, 4-nitrobenzoic acid, pyrene, salicylamide, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid, and xanthene dissolved in isopropyl acetate at 298.15 K. Results of experimental measurements, combined with published solubility data for an additional 11 organic compounds, were used to derive Abraham model correlations that described the solubilising properties of the isopropyl acetate mono-solvent. The derived Abraham model correlations back-calculate the observed experimental data to within 0.10 log units (or less).
Climate change signal in global agriculture emerges earlier in new generation of climate and crop models

Potential climate-related impacts on future crop yield are a major societal concern first surveyed in a harmonized multi-model effort in 2014. We report here on new 21st-century projections using ensembles of latest-generation crop and climate models. Results suggest markedly more pessimistic yield responses for maize, soybean, and rice compared to the original ensemble. Mean end-of-century maize productivity is shifted from +5 to -6% (SSP126) and +1 to -24% (SSP585) — explained by warmer climate projections and improved crop model sensitivities. In contrast, wheat shows stronger gains (+9 shifted to +18%, SSP585), linked to higher CO2 concentrations and expanded high-latitude gains. The ‘emergence’ of climate impacts — when the change signal emerges from the noise — consistently occurs earlier in the new projections for several main producing regions before 2040. While future yield estimates remain uncertain, these results suggest that major breadbasket regions will face distinct anthropogenic climatic risks sooner than previously anticipated.