Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and enhancement of dynamic performance of a microgrid including PV and wind generation systems

Large participation of renewable energy sources with rapidly varying inputs can affect the performance of a microgrid system. This article develops a detailed non-linear and small-signal dynamic model of a microgrid that includes photovoltaic (PV), wind and conventional small-scale generation along with their power electronics interfaces and the filters. The role of the extent of generation mix of the distributed generators (DGs) for satisfactory operation of the system has been investigated through small-signal dynamic model. It was observed that there exist critical values of PV and wind power above which the microgrid performance degrades. The enhancement of performance of the microgrid through various control inputs have been evaluated through decomposition techniques. Simulation studies showed that an energy storage system-based central supervisory controller and also control of PV system can improve transient performance when violations of proper generation mix of the DGs occur.
How does bone microanatomy and musculature covary? An investigation in the forelimb of two species of martens (Martes foina, Martes martes)

The long bones and associated musculature play a prominent role in the support and movement of the body and are expected to reflect the associated mechanical demands. But in addition to the functional response to adaptive changes, the conjoined effects of phylogenetic, structural and developmental constraints also shape the animal's body. In order to minimise the effect of the aforementioned constraints and to reveal the biomechanical adaptations in the musculoskeletal system to locomotor mode, we here study the forelimb of two closely related martens: the arboreal pine marten (Martes martes) and the more terrestrial stone marten (Martes foina), focusing on their forelimb muscle anatomy and long bone microanatomy; and, especially, on their covariation. To do so, we quantified muscle data and bone microanatomical parameters and created 3D and 2D maps of the cortical thickness distribution for the three long bones of the forelimb. We then analysed the covariation of muscle and bone data, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Our results reveal that species‐specific muscular adaptations are not clearly reflected in the microanatomy of the bones. Yet, we observe a global thickening of the bone cortex in the radius and ulna of the more arboreal pine marten, as well a stronger flexor muscle inserting on its elbow. We attribute these differences to variation in their locomotor modes.
Trends in Grade 5 Toxicity and Response in Phase I Trials in Hematologic Malignancy: 20-Year Experience From the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program at the National Cancer Institute

PURPOSE Cancer drug development has largely shifted from cytotoxic chemotherapy to targeted treatment in the past two decades. Although previous studies have highlighted improvement in response rates in recent phase I trials, disease-focused reporting is limited. METHODS We integrated patient-level data for patients with hematologic malignancies who participated in phase I trials sponsored by the National Cancer Institute Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program between January 2000 and May 2019 and estimated the trend of grade 5 toxicity and response by disease subtype over time. RESULTS We analyzed 161 trials involving 3,308 patients, all of whom were assessed for toxicity and 2,404 of whom were evaluable for response to therapy. The overall rate of grade 5 toxicities was 1.81% (95% CI, 1.36 to 2.27), with no significant change in the rate over time. Baseline characteristics associated with higher risk of grade 5 toxicity were age and performance status ≥ 2 at enrollment. Overall response rate (ORR) and complete response (CR) rate for all trials during the study period were 25.1% and 14.7%, respectively. A significant increase in both ORR and CR rate was observed over time (ORR, 18.5% in 2000-2005, 25.9% in 2006-2012, and 50.6% in 2013-2019, P < .001). ORR in phase I trials varied across disease subtypes: 20.2% in acute myeloid leukemia, 9.1% in myelodysplastic syndrome, 43.2% in lymphoma, 42.9% in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 15.1% in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and 16.5% in myeloma. CONCLUSION Over time, the ORR and CR rates in phase I trials for hematologic malignancy have improved meaningfully, whereas the rate of toxicity-related death remains stable. This study provides broad experience that physicians can use when discussing the potential outcomes for patients with hematologic malignancy considering participation in phase I trials. The study showed there has been a significant improvement in response in phase 1 trials for hematologic malignancies.
Structure-Based Design and Antigenic Validation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus G Immunogens

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe lower respiratory diseases of children, the elderly, and immunocompromised populations. There currently are no FDA-approved RSV vaccines. ABSTRACT Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease of children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Currently, there are no FDA-approved RSV vaccines. The RSV G glycoprotein is used for viral attachment to host cells and impairment of host immunity by interacting with the human chemokine receptor CX3CR1. Antibodies that disrupt this interaction are protective against infection and disease. Nevertheless, development of an RSV G vaccine antigen has been hindered by its low immunogenicity and safety concerns. A previous study described three engineered RSV G proteins containing single-point mutations that induce higher levels of IgG antibodies and have improved safety profiles compared to wild-type RSV G (H. C. Bergeron, J. Murray, A. M. Nuñez Castrejon, et al., Viruses 13:352, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/v13020352). However, it is unclear if the mutations affect RSV G protein folding and display of its conformational epitopes. In this study, we show that the RSV G S177Q protein retains high-affinity binding to protective human and mouse monoclonal antibodies and has equal reactivity as wild-type RSV G protein to human reference immunoglobulin to RSV. Additionally, we determined the high-resolution crystal structure of RSV G S177Q protein in complex with the anti-RSV G antibody 3G12, further validating its antigenic structure. These studies show for the first time that an engineered RSV G protein with increased immunogenicity and safety retains conformational epitopes to high-affinity protective antibodies, supporting its further development as an RSV vaccine immunogen. IMPORTANCE Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe lower respiratory diseases of children, the elderly, and immunocompromised populations. There currently are no FDA-approved RSV vaccines. Most vaccine development efforts have focused on the RSV F protein, and the field has generally overlooked the receptor-binding antigen RSV G due to its poor immunogenicity and safety concerns. However, single-point mutant RSV G proteins have been previously identified that have increased immunogenicity and safety. In this study, we investigate the antibody reactivities of three known RSV G mutant proteins. We show that one mutant RSV G protein retains high-affinity binding to protective monoclonal antibodies, is equally recognized by anti-RSV antibodies in human sera, and forms the same three-dimensional structure as the wild-type RSV G protein. Our study validates the structure-guided design of the RSV G protein as an RSV vaccine antigen.
Verbal-Person Nets: Pose-Guided Multi-Granularity Language-to-Person Generation

Person image generation conditioned on natural language allows us to personalize image editing in a user-friendly manner. This fashion, however, involves different granularities of semantic relevance between texts and visual content. Given a sentence describing an unknown person, we propose a novel pose-guided multi-granularity attention architecture to synthesize the person image in an end-to-end manner. To determine what content to draw at a global outline, the sentence-level description and pose feature maps are incorporated into a U-Net architecture to generate a coarse person image. To further enhance the fine-grained details, we propose to draw the human body parts with highly correlated textual nouns and determine the spatial positions with respect to target pose points. Our model is premised on a conditional generative adversarial network (GAN) that translates language description into a realistic person image. The proposed model is coupled with two-stream discriminators: 1) text-relevant local discriminators to improve the fine-grained appearance by identifying the region–text correspondences at the finer manipulation and 2) a global full-body discriminator to regulate the generation via a pose-weighting feature selection. Extensive experiments conducted on benchmarks validate the superiority of our method for person image generation.
The multidimensional nature of aphasia recovery post-stroke

Abstract Language is not a single function, but instead results from interactions between neural representations and computations that can be damaged independently of each other. Although there is now clear evidence that the language profile in post-stroke aphasia reflects graded variations along multiple underlying dimensions (‘components’), it is still entirely unknown if these distinct language components have different recovery trajectories and rely on the same, or different, neural regions during aphasia recovery. Accordingly, this study examined whether language components in the subacute stage: (i) mirror those observed in the chronic stage; (ii) recover together in a homogeneous manner; and (iii) have recovery trajectories that relate to changing activation in distinct or overlapping underlying brain regions. We analysed longitudinal data from 26 individuals with mild–moderate aphasia following left hemispheric infarct who underwent functional MRI and behavioural testing at ∼2 weeks and ∼4 months post-stroke. The language profiles in early post-stroke aphasia reflected three orthogonal principal components consisting of fluency, semantic/executive function and phonology. These components did not recover in a singular, homogeneous manner; rather, their longitudinal trajectories were uncorrelated, suggesting that aphasia recovery is heterogeneous and multidimensional. Mean regional brain activation during overt speech production in unlesioned areas was compared with patient scores on the three principal components of language at both the early and late time points. In addition, the change in brain activation over time was compared with the change on each of the principal component scores, both before and after controlling for baseline scores. We found that different language components were associated with changing activation in multiple, non-overlapping bilateral brain regions during aphasia recovery. Specifically, fluency recovery was associated with increasing activation in bilateral middle frontal gyri and right temporo-occipital middle temporal gyrus; semantic/executive recovery was associated with reducing activation in bilateral anterior temporal lobes; while phonology recovery was associated with reducing activation in bilateral precentral gyri, dorso-medial frontal poles and the precuneus. Overlapping clusters in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex were positively associated with fluency recovery but negatively associated with semantic/executive and phonology recovery. This combination of detailed behavioural and functional MRI data provides novel insights into the neural basis of aphasia recovery. Because different aspects of language seem to rely on different neural regions for recovery, treatment strategies that target the same neural region in all stroke survivors with aphasia might be entirely ineffective or even impair recovery, depending on the specific language profile of each individual patient.
Beclin-1 exerts protective effects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by promoting DNA damage repair through a non-autophagy-dependent regulatory mechanism

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) can result in severe brain injury, for which there are no optimal treatment options. I/R is often accompanied by increased autophagy. Beclin-1, a central player in autophagy, has been extensively studied in I/R; however, to date, at least to the best of our knowledge, there are no definitive descriptions of its specific role. Thus, the aim of the present study was to explore the regulatory role played by Beclin-1 in I/R. In vivo experiments were performed using an animal model of brain I/R with male Sprague-Dawley rats. Brain tissue damage was observed using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Tissue apoptosis levels were evaluated using a TUNEL assay, as well as western blot analysis. Immunofluorescence together with western blot analysis was used to detect autophagy in the tissues. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis were used to analyze DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs). Moreover, HT22 cells overexpressing Beclin-1 were subjected to oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injury to simulate I/R pathological damage in vitro. Apoptosis was assessed using TUNEL and flow cytometric assays in this in vitro model, and autophagy was assessed using immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. The DSBs of the cells were analyzed using western blot analysis. I/R activated autophagy and induced DSBs. Autophagy inhibitors decreased brain tissue damage and reduced cell apoptosis; however, the degree of decrease in damage and apoptosis was not highly associated with the change in autophagy, and the frequency of DSBs slightly increased. The overexpression of Beclin-1 in neurons significantly attenuated I/R-induced damage and promoted DSB repair. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that Beclin-1 protects neurons from ischemic damage through the non-autophagy-dependent regulation of DNA repair processes.
High Fidelity Theta Phase Rolling of CA1 Neurons

Single hippocampal cells encode the spatial position of an animal by increasing their firing rates within “place fields,” and by shifting the phase of their spikes to earlier phases of the ongoing theta oscillations (theta phase precession). Whether other forms of spatial phase changes exist in the hippocampus is unknown. Here, we used high-density electrophysiological recordings in mice of either sex running back and forth on a 150-cm linear track. We found that the instantaneous phase of spikes shifts to progressively later theta phases as the animal traverses the place field. We term this shift theta “phase rolling. ” Phase rolling is opposite in direction to precession, faster than precession, and occurs between distinct theta cycles. Place fields that exhibit phase rolling are larger than nonrolling fields, and in-field spikes occur in distinct theta phases in rolling compared with nonrolling fields. As a phase change associated with position, theta phase rolling may be used to encode space. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Theta phase precession is a well-known coding scheme in which neurons represent the position of the animal by the timing of their spikes with respect to the phase of ongoing theta oscillations. Here, we show that hippocampal neurons also undergo “theta phase rolling,” a phase change faster and opposite in direction to precession. As the animal advances in space, spikes occur at progressively later phases of consecutive theta cycles. Future studies may reveal whether phase rolling constitutes a novel coding mechanism of space.
Phosphine-Stabilized Germylidenylpnictinidenes as Synthetic Equivalents of Heavier Nitrile and Isocyanide in Cycloaddition Reactions with Alkynes.

The reactions of chlorogermylene MsFluindtBu-GeCl 1, supported by a sterically encumbered hydrindacene ligand MsFluindtBu, with NaPCO(dioxane)2.5 and NaAsCO(18-c-6) in the presence of trimethylphosphine afforded trimethylphosphine-stabilized germylidenyl-phosphinidene 2 and -arsinidene 3, respectively. Structural and computational investigations reveal that the Ge-E' bond (E' = P and As) features a multiple-bond character. 2 and 3 exhibit diverse reactivity toward trimethylsilylacetylene and 4-tetrabutylphenylacetylene. Specifically, 2 underwent cycloadditions with both alkynes affording the first six-membered aromatic phosphagermabenzen-1-ylidenes 4 and 5, respectively, through the heavier isocyanide intermediate MsFluindtBu-PGe. In contrast, 3 could serve as a synthetic equivalent of heavier isocyanides and nitriles when treated with trimethylsilylacetylene and 4-tetrabutylphenylacetylene yielding arsagermene 6 and arsolylgermylene 7, respectively. The reaction mechanisms for the cycloadditions were investigated through density functional theory calculations. The reactivity studies highlight the potential of 2 and 3 in accessing heavy main-group element-containing heterocycles.
Efficacy of Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping with Brain Surface Correction and Vein Removal for Detecting Increase Magnetic Susceptibility in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

Purpose: Studies on quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) have reported an increase in magnetic susceptibilities in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Despite the pathological importance of the brain surface areas, they are sometimes excluded in QSM analysis. This study aimed to reveal the efficacy of QSM analysis with brain surface correction (BSC) and/or vein removal (VR) procedures. Methods: Thirty-seven AD patients and 37 age- and sex-matched, cognitively normal (CN) subjects were included. A 3D-gradient echo sequence at 3T MRI was used to obtain QSM. QSM images were created with regularization enabled sophisticated harmonic artifact reduction for phase data (RESHARP) and constrained RESHARP with BSC and/or VR. We conducted ROI analysis between AD patients and CN subjects who did or did not undergo BSC and/or VR using a t-test, to compare the susceptibility values after gray matter weighting. Results: The susceptibility values in RESHARP without BSC were significantly larger in AD patients than in CN subjects in one region (precentral gyrus, 8.1 ± 2.9 vs. 6.5 ± 2.1 ppb) without VR and one region with VR (precentral gyrus, 7.5 ± 2.8 vs. 5.9 ± 2.0 ppb). Three regions in RESHARP with BSC had significantly larger susceptibilities without VR (precentral gyrus, 7.1 ± 2.0 vs. 5.9 ± 2.0 ppb; superior medial frontal gyrus, 5.7 ± 2.6 vs. 4.2 ± 3.1 ppb; putamen, 47,8 ± 16.5 vs. 40.0 ± 15.9 ppb). In contrast, six regions showed significantly larger susceptibilities with VR in AD patients than in CN subjects (precentral gyrus, 6.4 ± 1.9 vs. 4.9 ± 2.7 ppb; superior medial frontal gyrus, 5.3 ± 2.7 vs. 3.7 ± 3.3 ppb; orbitofrontal cortex, –2.1 ± 2.7 vs. –3.6 ± 3.2 ppb; parahippocampal gyrus, 0.1 ± 3.6 vs. –1.7 ± 3.7 ppb; putamen, 45.0 ± 14.9 vs. 37.6 ± 14.6 ppb; inferior temporal gyrus, –3.4 ± 1.5 vs. –4.4 ± 1.5 ppb). Conclusion: RESHARP with BSC and VR showed more regions of increased susceptibility in AD patients than in CN subjects. This study highlights the efficacy of this method in facilitating the diagnosis of AD.
Cultural diversity broadens social networks.

Migration and mobility increase the cultural diversity of a society. Does this diversity have consequences for how people interact and form social ties, even when they join a new community? We hypothesized that people from regions with greater cultural diversity would forge more diversified social ties in a newly formed community, connecting otherwise unconnected groups. In other words, they would become social brokers. We tested this prediction by characterizing the social networks of eight Master of Business Administration cohorts (N = 2,257) at a business school in the U.S. International students (N = 773) from populations with both greater present day ethnic diversity and a history of extensive cultural intermingling were more likely to become social brokers than international students from less diverse nations. Domestic students' (N = 1,461) brokerage scores were also positively related to the ancestral diversity of the U.S. county they identified as "home. " The results of this study suggest that more culturally diverse social environments-defined here at multiple geographic and temporal scales-endow people with socially adaptable behaviors that help them connect broadly within new, heterogeneous communities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Clinical effect of preoperative intravenous non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on relief of postoperative pain in patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Intravenous ibuprofen vs. intravenous ketorolac

Backgrounds/Aims Postoperative pain management is a key to enhanced recovery after surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical effect of preoperative intravenous (IV) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on relief of postoperative pain in patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods This single center, retrospective study was conducted between September 2019 and May 2020. A total of 163 patients were divided into two groups: Ibuprofen group (preoperative IV ibuprofen, n = 77) and Ketorolac group (preoperative IV ketorolac, n = 86). The primary outcome was postoperative pain score measured immediately in the recovery room. Results There was no difference in demographic characteristics between the two groups of patients. Postoperative pain score measured immediately in the recovery room was significantly higher in the Ibuprofen group than in the Ketorolac group (mean value: 5.09 vs. 4.61; p = 0.027). The number of patients who needed analgesics immediately in the recovery room was also higher in the Ibuprofen group than in the Ketorolac group (28 [36.4%] vs. 18 [20.9%]; p = 0.036). Conclusions In this study, preoperative IV injection with ketorolac reduced postoperative pain and analgesic requirement in the recovery room more effectively than that with ibuprofen. However, both showed similar effects on peak pain and pain at discharge. Numbers of patients requiring additional analgesics were also similar between the two groups.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR PROTECTION SCOPE OF STEEP INCLINED UPPER-PROTECTIVE LAYER OF PITCHING OBLIQUE MINING

Aimed at the problem of locating the protection scope of steep inclined upper-protective layer of pitching oblique mining(POM),based on finite element method and the geological properties and the physico-mechanical parameters of roof and floor rock strata of protective layer,the changing processes of stress field and deformation field of protective layer after exploiting steep inclined upper-protective layer of POM are simulated by 3D-σsoftware. Then,the protecting effect of protective layer is gotten,while the changing laws of the maximum principal stress and deformation of protective layer along with the exploitation of upper-protective layer are analyzed.According to the protection rule of the deformation and stress-relief in exploiting protective layer,the inclination and strike protection scopes of protective layer are located.The results show that the upper and downside stress-relief angles along inclination of steep inclined upper-protective layer of POM are 84.9° and 68°,respectively;The distribution of strike stress-relief angles along inclination of working face is uneven everywhere,and their values are 38.3°–51.0°. And the protection scopes of steep inclined upper-protective layer of POM located by the method of practical test and numerical simulation are basically consistent.The conclusion can be drawn that it is feasible to study the protection scope of steep inclined upper-protective layer of POM by using numerical simulation and its results are acceptable.