Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF E-GOVERNMENT ADOPTION IN RUSSIA: ACCESS, RIGHTS, TRUST AND CITIZENS’ EXPERIENCE

The problem of low usage of e-government solutions is common in many emerging countries. Is Russia experiencing the same issue? Are there sufficient conditions to grow the usage of e-government solutions (internet penetration rate, rights for the citizens to approach the government remotely, trust in government, computer skills and usage perception, etc.)? Do the use rates for public e-services portals and e-participation platforms equal one another? Based on scholarly articles, analytical reports, laws, regulations, and the results of citizens’ surveys, the research considers some factors that influence e-government implementation in Russia. The findings highlighted that the penetration of the Internet in Russia is high and that citizens have the right to approach the government remotely and trust the government. The survey demonstrated that the users believe they have enough knowledge and skills for using public e-services portals and e-participation platforms. At the same time, within the same institutional framework, the level of use of public e-services was still low in 2018 (29% of the respondents), and it was even lower for e-participation platforms (17% of the respondents). This observation suggests that the nature of e-government solutions (whether it is a public e-service portal or e-participation platform) should be considered when governments are developing roll-out programs.
Comparison of 3-D and 2-D Cylindrical Symmetry FDTD Simulation Results of a Lightning Strike to Gaisberg With ALDIS Sensor Measurements

In this article, numerical computations applying the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method are performed. Lightning electromagnetic fields radiated by a lightning strike to the Gaisberg Tower in Salzburg, Austria, and propagating over irregular terrain are calculated. The field propagation is computed with a three-dimensional (3-D) FDTD and, for comparison, a 2-D cylindrical symmetry FDTD. With topographic height maps, seven different propagation paths for a selected lightning strike to the Gaisberg tower are simulated and the resulting magnetic field (H-field) is compared with the received signal strength at seven sensors of the ALDIS sensor network for that event. The return stroke is represented by a transmission line model and the current waveform recorded at the top of the Gaisberg tower was used. The results of the 3D-FDTD simulation correlate well with H-fields registered at sensor sites in mountainous environments. Hence, 3D-FDTD can represent complex local reflection phenomena correctly, which the 2D-FDTD cannot. The results of recent studies, which show that a lightning strike to a mountain gives rise to a field enhancement at the sensor site for a relatively flat propagation path, could be verified by comparing the FDTD results with a set of existing sensor measurements. For the, otherwise, very hilly terrain conditions in Austria, the field enhancement caused by the mountain is attenuated along the paths to the respective sensors.
Combination machine for soil cultivation and sowing grain

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the design scheme and parameters of the working bodies of a combined machine for tillage and sowing grain on sloping lands. The authors have developed a machine that performs technological operations for tillage, grain sowing, and ridge formation to prevent water erosion. The design diagram is given. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis, and statistics were used in this study. Theoretical and experimental studies have established that using a chisel-shaped ripper with loosening knives as a loosening working body provides high-quality loosening of the soil. When the longitudinal and transverse distances between the rippers are 62.5 and 15 cm, respectively, the longitudinal distance between the rear ripper and the housing is 60 cm, and the transverse distance between the buildings is 90 cm, high-quality soil loosening, and grain sowing are achieved with minimal energy consumption.
Resection of Mesencephalic Cavernoma Using the "Half-and-Half" Approach: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.

Brainstem cavernous malformations present a particular challenge to neurosurgeons. Their deep location and proximity to critical brainstem nuclei and fiber tracts make surgical access challenging. Despite this, microsurgical resection of brainstem cavernomas has been associated with good long-term neurological outcome, albeit with notable (but temporary) perioperative morbidity. Here, we demonstrate the microsurgical resection of a mesencephalic cavernoma via a "half-and-half" approach. Described as the temporopolar approach by Sano in 1980,1 this approach centers on the oculomotor nerve and combines the transsylvian and pre-/subtemporal corridors. A wide opening of the Sylvian fissure and posterior mobilization of the temporal lobe permits access to the interpenducular cistern, mesencephalon and rostral pons. In this way, the "half-and-half" ideally suited for lesions of the anterior and antero-lateral brainstem. While temporary postoperative oculomotor nerve palsy is not uncommon, rapid resolution is expected. Verbal consent was provided by the patient for reproduction and publication of her case.
Joint Relay Selection and Adaptive Modulation and Coding for Wireless Cooperative Communications

This paper considers a wireless cooperative communication system with the adaptive modulation and coding (AMC). We take the joint relay and AMC mode selection as two time-scales of optimization problems, which aim at maximizing the achievable data rate. We treat the best relay selection as a long-term objective and the best AMC mode selection as a short-term objective, to limit the signaling overhead for the wireless communication system. However, the evaluation of the achievable data rate for any of relay and AMC mode combinations needs the estimation of the wireless channel. To this end, we propose an online optimization-while-estimation algorithm based on discrete stochastic approximation to jointly solve both the relay and AMC selection problems. The algorithm requires only per-frame channel sampling and estimation in each algorithm iteration, and approaches the optimal achievable data rate asymptotically. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can quickly converge to the maximum achievable data rate.
Residency, demographics, and movement patterns of North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis in an offshore wind energy development area in southern New England, USA

Offshore wind energy development is growing quickly around the world. In southern New England, USA, one of the largest commercial offshore wind energy farms in the USA will be established in the waters off Massachusetts and Rhode Island, an area used by the Critically Endangered North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena glacialis. Prior to 2011, little was known about the use of this area by right whales. We examined aerial survey data collected between 2011-2015 and 2017-2019 to quantify right whale distribution, residency, demography, and movements in the region. Right whale occurrence increased during the study period. Since 2017, whales have been sighted in the area nearly every month, with peak sighting rates between late winter and spring. Model outputs suggest that 23% of the species’ population is present from December through May, and the mean residence time has tripled to an average of 13 d during these months. Age and sex ratios of the individuals present in the area are similar to those of the species as a whole, with adult males the most common demographic group. Movement models showed that southern New England is an important destination for right whales, including conceptive and reproductive females, and qualitative observations included animals feeding and socializing. Implementing mitigation procedures in coordination with these findings will be crucial in lessening the potential impacts on right whales from construction noise, increased vessel traffic, and habitat disruption in this region.
Analysis of morphological changes of the island of Hvar beaches using archive maps, old photographs and UAV (Eastern Adriatic Coast, Croatia)

<p>Beaches are dynamic coastal forms. However, nowadays, natural processes are intertwined with anthropogenic influences. The island of Hvar has 247 beaches from which we selected those which evolution could be studied by means of repeat photography method using archive maps and old photographs. More than 150 old photographs dating between the 1900s and 1980s have been collected and analyzed. The recent period is studied using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). </p><p>In total 12 beaches have been selected for precise study. The benchmarks from old photographs were marked and geolocated during the fieldwork using GNSS Trimble receiver. In November 2020, all locations were recorded by quadcopter DJI Phantom 4 Pro v2.0 with approximately 80% overlapping. On each beach, 6 - 12 ground control points (GCP), mostly benchmarks from the old photographs, were marked and measured. Data collected from UAV has been generated by photogrammetric techniques in ESRI Drone2Map software. Orthophoto and digital surface model (DSM) has been processed with a spatial resolution of 0,02 m and 0,1 m for the digital elevation model (DEM). All analyses were made using the ArcGIS Pro software. In this work, the analysis will be presented on two sites: Mina sand beach, formed in Aeolian deposits, on the northern side of the island and Mola Milna gravel beach, found on the southern side. Beaches have been studied in three points in time, in the 19<sup>th</sup>, 20<sup>th</sup> and 21<sup>st</sup> century. </p><p>On the Franciscan Cadastre (1834), Mina beach was mapped as an individual cadastral parcel with an area of 222 Klafter Quadrimeter (written in the Cadastral supplement), that is 799 m<sup>2</sup>. Recalculating in GIS we obtained a similar value, that is, 782 m<sup>2</sup>. The beach area from the beginning of the 20<sup>th</sup> century was reconstructed from old photographs and was approximated to 450 m<sup>2</sup>. Consequently, since 1834 the beach area reduced by ~43%. In 2020, the area further drops to 226 m<sup>2</sup>, so its surface diminishes by 55% since the beginning of the 20th century or even 72% from 1834. </p><p>In 1834 the Mola Milna beach was ~1073 m<sup>2</sup>, ~900 m<sup>2</sup> in the 1950s (16% smaller) and finally 802 m<sup>2 </sup>in 2020 (11% less than in the 1950s, or 27% smaller compared to 1834). </p><p>Thus, we observed that during the last two centuries the sand beach Mina reduced for more than 2/3 of its size since 1834, while the gravel beach Mola Milna reduced for around 1/3. Similar results have been observed previously on the Zogon gravel beach which lost &#189; of its size since the 1960s. Even if the reconstructions of the beach area from the Cadaster maps and old photographs are less accurate than the model generated from UAV photos, obtained values clearly reveal the trend of beach erosion during the studied period. </p><p>This research was made with the support of the Croatian Science Foundation (HRZZ-IP-2019-04-9445). </p>
Design of a mobile phone-based Artificial Intelligence (AI) application to assess dietary intake and provide nudges to improve healthy eating choices: Formative research in Ghana and Vietnam

Background: Low quality diets are a public health problem affecting individuals of all ages worldwide. Nudging for Good (NFG) is a new research project aimed at developing, validating, and examining the feasibility of using artificial intelligence (AI)-based technology to improve adolescent girls' diets in urban Ghana and Vietnam. Objectives: Provide evidence to support the design of a new mobile phone intervention including: a) identifying the demand for mobile app to improve diets in adolescent girls; b) defining the intervention objectives and activities to be delivered via a mobile app; and c) assessing the potential for nudging functionality to be incorporated in the mobile app. Methods: This study used mixed methods including both literature and nutrition-related app reviews, as well as focus group discussions. A literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases, and intervention studies using technology to improve nutrition outcomes of adolescents were included. Nine focus group discussions (five in Ghana and four in Vietnam) were undertaken with 61 girls to gauge smartphone and internet access and use and to obtain feedback on the prototype of a mobile app. Results: Nine studies met the selection criteria for the literature review, including seven randomized control trials (RCTs) and two systematic reviews. The evidence from the literature on how technology-based nutrition interventions should be conducted and what should be the best outcomes of success was mixed. Most of the 22 apps reviewed required manual entry of dietary information, and recommended diets based on motivation to change body weight. In the focus groups discussions, the adolescents suggested modifications on the prototype of the mobile app we presented, and indicated possibility to regularly take pictures of foods and beverages during meal time. Conclusion : We did not find an app available in either the Ghana or Vietnam markets that could improve dietary quality of adolescents without focusing on weight. Most apps available only had manual features to log food intake, which is time consuming. Moreover, adolescents expressed interest in using a new, modified version of the app we presented. We aim at developing a new mobile phone application based on AI technology that gives personalized and reliable nutrition advice to improve adolescent girls’ diets. However, the literature review was not conclusive on what should be the characteristics of an app and how interventions to measure an app’s impact on dietary quality should be conducted.
Towards a coherent theory of animal equality

In this article I want to construct in a simple and systematic way an ethical theory of animal equality. The goal is a consistent theory, containing a set of clear and coherent universalized ethical principles that best fits our strongest moral intuitions in all possible morally relevant situations that we can think of, without too many arbitrary elements. I demonstrate that impartiality with a level of risk aversion and empathy with a need for efficiency are two different approaches that both result in the same consequentialist principle of prioritarianism. Next, I discuss that this principle can be trumped by an ethic of care principle of tolerated partiality, and a deontological principle of basic right. These three principles represent different kinds of equality that can be applied to animal ethics. Finally, the predation problem leads to the introduction of a triple-N-principle that is related to the value of biodiversity.
Inertia mechanism of two-stage photovoltaic grid connected power generation system based on coordinated control

In this paper, the two-stage photovoltaic grid connected power generation system is taken as the research object. By analyzing the different inertia control functions on both sides of photovoltaic boost and inverter, a coordinated control strategy is proposed, and the influence of different parameters on the system inertia is analyzed by establishing the static synchronous generator model of the system. The results show that the virtual inertia of the two-stage photovoltaic grid connected power generation system mainly comes from the photovoltaic reserve capacity and the DC capacity of the inverter side. When the photovoltaic side responds to the grid frequency fluctuation, the lowest point of frequency drop is improved, the steady-state deviation of grid frequency becomes smaller, and the larger the sag coefficient is, the more obvious the improvement effect is, but the change rate of frequency does not change. When the inverter side responds to the grid frequency fluctuation, the grid frequency change rate becomes smaller, and the larger the droop coefficient is, the more obvious the improvement of the frequency change rate is, but the steady-state deviation of the grid frequency does not change. The coordinated control proposed in this paper makes good use of the advantages of the two response frequency fluctuations, so that the frequency change rate, the lowest point of frequency drop and the steady-state deviation of frequency are significantly improved, and the effect of frequency fluctuation suppression is the best.
The effect of deposition angle on morphology and diameter of electrospun TiO2/PVP nanofibers

Abstract Electrospinning has become a robust technique for the cost-effective production of fibrous materials. In a conventional electrospinning process, the produced fibers are fabricated by either vertical or horizontal setups, resulting in isotropic non-woven fibers mats. Many researchers have focused on the influence of various electrospinning parameters, solution parameters and ambient parameters. However, until now less attention has been paid on the impact of gravity on fiber and mat morphologies. This article presents a novel approach for altering the morphology of electrospun TiO2/PVP nanofiber mats using a simple concept based on different deposition angles. The electrospinning setups used involved five deposition angles (0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, and 180°), which revealed an effect of gravity on fiber mat morphology and fiber diameter. This work provides new prospects toward the design of electrospun fiber mats and provides us with additional options to achieve optimal results. Graphical Abstract
Quantum Zeno dynamics of a matter-wave bright soliton

The quantum measurement problem, namely how the deterministic quantum evolution leads to probabilistic measurement outcomes, remains a profound question to be answered. In the present work, we propose a spectacular demonstration and test of the subtle and peculiar character of the quantum measurement process. We show that a bright soliton supported by a Bose-Einstein condensate can be reflected as a whole by an electron beam, with neither attraction nor repulsion between the condensate's neutral atoms and the beam's electrons. This macroscopic reflection is purely due to the quantum Zeno dynamics induced by the frequent position measurement of the condensate's atoms by the electron beam. As an example of application, just as a soccer player would stop a coming ball, an electron beam moving backward with half the velocity of the bright soliton can precisely stop the soliton. This offers an entirely new and useful tool for manipulating bright solitons.
1 4 A Crisis of Parliament

The words ‘parliament’ and ‘crisis’ have often been linked in single sentences, in different time periods, in different countries and in the pronouncements of politicians and academics alike. The impression is often given that crisis is endemic to parliaments and parliamentary systems for, as Bracher (1967: 245) noted nearly 50 years ago, ‘The phrase “crisis of parliamentarism” is nearly as old as the phenomenon of parliamentary democracy’. Indeed, a random selection of analyses of parliaments over this period produces references to ‘modern crises of parliaments’ (Loewenberg 1971: 4) or ‘a crisis of representative democracy? ’ (Alonso et al. 2011: 7). What these random quotations point to, respectively, is that parliaments and parliamentarianism may be confronted with possible multiple crises, and, when a question mark is appended, the notion of ‘parliamentary crisis’ becomes a contestable proposition and is not simply a matter of fact. What they also point to is that the institution of parliament needs to be located within the broader analytical frames of parliamentarism and parliamentary democracy.
Cu-Sn Coatings Produced Using Environmentally Non-Aggressive Electrolyte Containing Sodium Tartrate

This work proposes the production of Cu-Sn alloy coatings with anticorrosive properties, using an environmentally non-aggressive bath. The coatings were electrodeposited on carbon steel substrate AISI 1020 using an electrolyte containing CuCl2 and SnCl2, and sodium tartrate as the complexant agent. The produced coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICPOES) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The film showing the highest corrosion resistance was obtained using j = 100 Am-2. This coating was composed by 95.18 % m/m Cu and 4.83 % m/m Sn, and presented a uniform surface, without defects and small grain sizes. These characteristics probably contributed to the formation of Cu-Sn protective film onto steel substrate from a tartrate bath.
Efficacy of Static Stabilization Exercises along with Progressive Resistive Exercises on Balance and Quality of Life in Elderly Population: A Study Protocol

Background: Balance impairment is one of the most prevalent concern with increasing age. Globally, Onein five older adult experiences balance problem. Prevalence of fall has been estimated at 14-53 %in India.Various intervention has already been use to prevent fall and improve quality of life. Static StabilizationExercises and Progressive Strength training have proven to be effective as a single intervention howeverminimal literature is available on combined effect of both. The main objective of study is to find out efficacyof combined Static Stabilization Exercises and Progressive Resistive Exercises on balance and quality of lifeof elderly population and also establishment of dose response relationship of balance training.Methods/Design: The study will be designed as experimental study. 100 participants will be selected asper inclusion and exclusion criteria and will be allocated in two groups, Combined Intervention Group (A)and Traditional Balance Intervention group (B). Both intervention include 30-45 min session which will becarried out 3-5 times in week for duration of 8 weeks structured into different components. Outcome will beBalance and Quality of Life and outcome measures will be evaluated at baseline, at midway (4th week) andat the end (8th week) of intervention period. Statistical Analysis will be done using SPSS24. Oversion andp<0.005 will be considered as level of significance.Discussion: The study protocol details two Physiotherapy Interventions to improve balance and qualityof life in elderly population. In current literatures there are minimal evidence on combined effect of StaticStabilization Exercises and Progressive Resistive Exercises on balance and quality of life. SuccessfulCompletion of trial will provide evidence for best strategy targeting balance and quality of life andrelationship of dose response and balance training.