Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SIPHRA 16-Channel Silicon Photomultiplier Readout ASIC

SIPHRA is an integrated circuit (IC) for the readout of photon detectors, such as photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs), and multi-pixel photon counters (MPPCs). The IC has 16 input channels and one summing channel. Each channel can be used for pulse height spectroscopy and timing. The summing channel is important for the readout of detector arrays with monolithic scintillators. The programmable shaping time of 200 ns, 400 ns, 800 ns, or 1600 ns allows for pulse-height spectroscopy using scintillators with different light emission properties. The current mode input stage (CMIS) is designed for large negative charge (-16 nC, -8 nC, -4 nC, and -0.4 nC), depending on the programmable attenuation, and it accommodates large capacitive load (several nF) and large leakage current (up to -100 μA from dark counts). Alternatively, the CMIS can be by-passed to allow for positive charge depending on programmable gain (+40 pC, +4 pC, +0.4 pC). The IC contains one 12-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that allows for digitization of the pulseheights from all channels, including the summing channel at a sampling rate of 50 ksps. Every channel output is available for external use and provides either the analog or a digital trigger/timing pulse with fixed width or time-over-threshold. The programmable channel output facilitates many applications, such as external waveform sampling and digitization, pulse height and time spectroscopy, pulse counting, and triggering. The IC operates at 3.3-V supply voltage and dissipates about 15 mW without CMIS and 30 mW with CMIS active. To save power, any channel or function can be powered down. The ASIC has a serial peripheral interface (SPI) for programming its register settings and for slow ADC data readout; faster readout with up to 1 Mbit/s is possible via a serial data transmission line.
A Proposed Model to Determine Software Quality Specifically for Object Oriented Concept.

The main reason behind failure of lots of software is poor quality thus estimation software quality become an important task in software industry. By late estimation of software quality results in ineffectiveness, late delivery and most important poor quality of software product. For this, an early estimation towards pre-released software quality plays an important role in shorting the time and by increases probability of project success. Metrics play an important role by deciding the usage pattern of resource of the industry as they are very valuable to the industry. This paper represents various metrics for estimation software product.
Microbiological testing to assess the susceptibility of museum textiles conserved with polymers to fungal deterioration

Although the conservation treatments are used to protect textiles against the deterioration factors, they may play a role in increasing the susceptibility of museum textiles to the fungal deterioration. This study aims to investigate the role of polymers commonly used in conservation of museum textiles to prevent or reduce the susceptibility of treated textiles to fungal deterioration. In this study Egyptian linen textiles were treated by 11 different polymers and resins, which are important in conservation of ancient Egyptian linen textiles. Untreated and treated samples were deteriorated by 7 selected fungal strains isolated from ancient Egyptian textiles, for two weeks. Tensile strength of the fungal deteriorated samples was assessed. SEM was used to follow the change in the surface morphology of the fungal deteriorated samples. Also, Spectrophotometric measurements were used to assess change in colour differences of the fungal deteriorated samples. The results obtained had showed that most of tested polymers reduce the fungal deterioration of linen textiles but do not prevent the deterioration at all. Beva 371, Plexisol P-550, Paraloid B72 and Starch Carbamate are the most tested polymers resistant for fungal deterioration. Acryloid F-10, Calaton CA and Mowilith are the least tested polymers resistant for fungal deterioration.
Model studies of nonadiabatic dynamics

Mixed quantum-classical methods are applied to an increasingly challenging series of model problems, and their accuracy is examined. The models involve one light and one heavy degree of freedom, and exhibit substantial nonadiabatic behavior. In all of the models the coupling between the light and heavy particles is linear (harmonic). In addition, different external potentials are applied to the heavy particle only. The energies of the light particle quantum states, as a function of the position of the heavy particle, define a sequence of ground and excited Born–Oppenheimer potential energy curves. Because the light particle experiences a purely harmonic potential, the potential energy curves are parallel and equally spaced for all of the models. In addition, the nonadiabatic couplings among potential energy curves persist for all times due to the nonvanishing linear coupling between light and heavy particles. The model problems were used to test two strategies for carrying out mixed quantum-classical dyna.
Network and Spatial Analysis to Assess and GuideDecisions about Equitable Accessibility to HealthServices: The Public Palliative Care System inExtremadura (Spain)

Background: More than 50 million people die every year in the world. A vast majority, however, does not have access to minimum measures to alleviate unnecessary suffering, or even less, to palliative care. Even in places where such care exists, availability of services does not mean, automatically, that they are equally accessible to the population that needs them. Methods: With data from the Autonomous Community of Extremadura in Spain, we generated a mapping model using ArcGIS 10 as a network and spatial analysis tool, which takes into account estimating time to access physical facilities and professionals, and equity indices, to illustrate how potential accessibility could be affected by the presence or removal of administrative, policy-driven restrictions. Results: The approach allowed multiple levels of analysis of administrative restrictions impact on potential accessibility of services. First, it was shown how the minimum average access time to the closest palliative care services in the eight administrative areas of the Autonomous Community was much shorter than the national average. A similar picture was shown in relation to access times to the nearest hospital-based teams. As the measures used did not take into account the population of the municipalities, a third analysis considered potential demand levels, and involved Gini indices and Lorenz Curves, revealing that administrative restrictions may lead to inequity in access to palliative care services. Conclusion: The simultaneous use of maps of accessibility and coverage, illustrating the relative distribution of the resources in a population, while displaying the levels of coverage according to access time to physical facilities and professionals, with and without administrative restrictions, could be of great value to decision makers attempting to promote optimal levels of equity in a large, low-density geographic areas.
Survey of the stability region of hypothetical habitable Trojan planets

Aims. In this work we study the dynamical possibility in extrasolar planetary systems that a terrestrial planet can exist in 1:1 mean motion resonance with a Jovian-like planet. We compiled a catalogue of hypothetical habitable Trojan planets, to be able to make a stability forecast for further extrasolar planetary systems discovered in the future. When speaking of habitability we also took the influence of the spectral type of the central star into account. Methods. We integrated some 10 6 orbits of fictitious Trojans around the Lagrangian points for up to 10 7 orbital periods of the primary bodies and checked the stability of the orbital elements and their chaoticity with the aid of the Lyapunov characteristic indicator and maximum eccentricity. The computations were carried out using the dynamical model of the elliptic, restricted three-body problem that consists of a central star, a gas giant moving in the habitable zone, and a hypothetical (massless) terrestrial planet. Results. Our investigations have shown that 7 exoplanetary systems can harbour habitable Trojan planets with stable orbits (HD 93083, HD 17051, HD 28185, HD 27442, HD 188015, HD 99109, and HD 221287, which is a recently discovered system). The comparison of the investigated systems with our catalogue showed matching results, so that we can use the catalogue in practice.
Collective empowerment: A comparative study of community work in Mumbai and Stockholm

Mumbai and Stockholm are worlds apart in terms of public services, infrastructures and standard of living. However, both cities have known common problems of social exclusion and marginalisation related to neo-liberal globalisation. Social workers are facing similar challenges regarding collective empowerment as a strategy for community work. This comparative study explored how collective empowerment is undertaken by community workers. The research participants were 13 informants from community-work organisations in the two settings. Semi-structured interviews were used and were analysed with the help of Atlas-ti 6.2 (ATLAS.ti Scientific Software Development GmbH D-10623 Berlin Germany). Social work in Mumbai is in a context of extreme poverty and mainly within the informal sector, whereas in Stockholm most social work is done in relation to a public welfare model. In Stockholm, interventions are aimed towards strengthening social networks, without direct aim at social change. In Mumbai, community workers organise people for collective empowerment to strengthen marginalised groups and achieve social change.
Self-Assembly of Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose on Glass Surface from Evaporating Drops

The advancement of modern science and technology needs day by day smaller microprocessors, chips, sensors, machines and devices, as a result the existing method of fabrication are slowly becoming obsolete. The fabrication of devices at small scale by the help of self-assembly is an inexpensive and promising technique. Evaporation of sessile droplets containing Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose induces outward flow within the drop, which is commonly well known as “coffee ring” effect or a dense ring like deposition along the perimeter. In this work, the formation of self-assembled structure during drying of microliter drops containing Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose with different organic (oxalic, acetic, citric) as well as inorganic (hydrochloric, nitric, sulphuric, phosphoric) acids is investigated with the help of optical microscope. The structure formation is also influenced by evaporative flux and Marangoni flow inside the liquid drop. The different parameters such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose concentration, acid concentration, drying time, drying temperature, humidity, stirring velocity, stirring temperature, pH and drop volume strongly influences the structure formation.
Investments in Recessions

Abstract The relevance of finance for strategy is probably never greater than during a recession. We argue that the strategy literature has been virtually silent on the issue of recessions, and that this constitutes a regrettable sin of omission. Recessions are also periods when the commonly held view of financial markets in the strategy literature – efficient, and therefore strategically irrelevant – is particularly misplaced. A key route to rectify this omission is to focus on how recessions affect investment behavior, and thereby firms’ stocks of assets and capabilities which ultimately will affect competitive outcomes. In the present chapter, we aim to contribute by analyzing how two key aspects of recessions, demand reductions and reductions in credit availability, affect three different types of investments: physical capital, R&D and innovation, and human- and organizational capital. We synthesize and conceptualize insights from finance- and macroeconomics about how recessions affect different types of investments and find that recessions not only affect the level of investment, but also the composition of investments. Some of these effects are quite counterintuitive. For example, investments in R&D are both more and less sensitive to credit constraints than physical capital is, depending on available internal finance. Investments in human capital grow as demand falls, and both R&D and human capital investments show important nonlinearities with respect to changes in demand.
Art Objects and the Experience of Art-Making

In considering the question of machine as artist, the art object can be analytically separated from its making, and its making can be dualistically conceptualized as process on one hand and experience on the other. One of the reasons we value art is that there was an experience of its making. To better understand what is meant by the experience of art-making, this paper presents results from a qualitative, phenomenological study of a group of artists. These results appear in three groups: feeling, intention and lifeworld. Machines cannot experience art-making, at least not in the same way as humans, and thus they cannot create art but only art-like objects. Even so, in the present century, we should not be asking whether machines can be artists, but rather how machines can help more people experience art-making for themselves.
Development of crystalline magnetic thin films for microlevitation

In recent years, magnetic levitation is finding interesting applications in various fields related to microdevices. Producing inexpensive microfabricated magnetic films is of high importance to all magnetically levitated microdevices. This paper introduces a microlevitation system and presents the fabrication of Co–Ni–Mn–P films using electrodeposition. The fabrication parameters are varied such that magnetization direction of the film is varied by changing the crystal structure. The magnetic properties of the films such as coercivity, remanence, and maximum energy product demonstrate that hexagonal structure promotes out-of-plane magnetization whereas cubic structure reinforces in-plane magnetization. The performance of the Co–Ni–Mn–P films is evaluated by magnetic levitation experiments of silicon samples. Satisfactory results are obtained toward the goal of realization of a magnetically levitated microgripper.
Social networks and emergent behaviour : understanding group segregation in complex social networks

We study the emergence of group segregation in social network formation, where individuals choose to create or sever links in accordance with maximising their own private interests. By introducing the idea of an individual having a degree of ’tolerance’ for others not of their own type, we can generate social networks that exhibit segregated behaviour by groups. We further show that this framework allows for intra-group segregation as well as inter-group segregation. Moreover, we design an algorithm for dynamic social network formation according to this framework. We find, through simulations, that group segregation is an endemic feature, and that as the cost of linking increases, networks that converge to a stable state begin to exhibit common characteristics with growing certainty. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the MSc degree in Computing Science of Imperial College London M.S.c. Individual Project Report September 2, 2018
Model Discrimination of Radical Desorption Kinetics in Emulsion Polymerisation

Analysis of published experimental data on monomeric radical diffusion in the emulsion polymerisation of styrene shows that it can be quantitatively described equally well by non-equilibrium diffusion from particles, where all parameters are derived from properties of the discrete phase, or by steady-state diffusion where all parameters are derived from properties of the continuous phase. The non-equilibrium model better describes an observed experimental trend to a reduced desorption rate coefficient at higher weight fraction of polymer in the particles. The theoretical upper bound of the non-equilibrium model is also higher than the theoretical upper bound of the steady-state model allowing fits to experimental data which must be discarded as anomalous in the continuous phase model.
Reply Considering Carneades as a Framework for Informal Logic : A Reply to Walton and

The paper offers a critical analysis of the research program for formalizing informal logic proposed by Douglas Walton and Thomas Gordon (2015). Since their proposal is based on employing the Carneades Argumentation System (CAS), this paper aims at answering two questions: what are main benefits of applying CAS as means for formalizing informal logic, and what are possible extensions of Walton and Gordon’s research program and modifications in employing CAS? Résumé: Cet article propose une analyse critique du programme de recherche qui vise à formaliser la logique non-formelle proposée par Douglas Walton et Thomas Gordon (2015). Puisque leur proposition est fondée sur l'emploi de Carneades Argumentation System (CAS), cet article a le but de répondre à deux questions: quels sont les principaux avantages de l'application CAS comme un moyen de formaliser la logique non-formelle, et quelles sont des extensions possibles du programme de recherche de Walton et Gordon et des modifications dans
MODELING THE RELATIONSHIP OF ACCIDENTS TO MILES TRAVELED

Consideration of highway safety studies in a time-space domain is used to introduce the concept that different study designs result in different underlying probability distributions describing accident occurrence. Poisson regression is proposed as a superior alternative to conventional linear regression for many safety studies because it requires smaller sample sizes and has other desirable statistical properties. Models are estimated using accident, travel mileage, and environmental data from the Indiana Toll Road. A pooled model including all accidents revealed that accident occurrence increases with automobile vehicle miles of travel (VMT), truck VMT, and hours of snowfall. Segmentation of the data into subsets that describe different types of collisions revealed that automobile accidents are much more sensitive to environmental conditions than are truck accidents. Use of the segmentation technique allowed a much clearer understanding of the effects of travel mileage on accident occurrence than could have been obtained from the pooled data alone.
le Optimal Bayesian Experimental Design for Priors of CompactSupport with Application to Shock-Tube Experiments forCombustion Kinetics

The analysis of reactive systems in combustion science and technology relies on detailed models comprising many chemical reactions that describe the conversion of fuel and oxidizer into products and the formation of pollutants. Shock-tube experiments are a convenient setting for measuring the rate parameters of individual reactions. The temperature, pressure, and concentration of reactants are chosen to maximize the sensitivity of the measured quantities to the rate parameter of the target reaction. In this study, we optimize the experimental setup computationally by optimal experimental design (OED) in a Bayesian framework. We approximate the posterior probability density functions (pdf) using truncated Gaussian distributions in order to account for the bounded domain of the uniform prior pdf of the parameters. The underlying Gaussian distribution is obtained in the spirit of the Laplace method, more precisely, the mode is chosen as the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate, and the covariance is chosen as the negative inverse of the Hessian of the misfit function at the MAP estimate. The model related entities are obtained from a polynomial surrogate. The optimality, quantified by the information gain measures, can be estimated efficiently by a rejection sampling algorithm against the underlying Gaussian probability distribution, rather than against the true posterior. This approach offers a significant error reduction when the magnitude of the invariants of the posterior covariance are comparable to the size of the bounded domain of the prior. We demonstrate the accuracy and superior computational efficiency of our method for shock-tube experiments aiming to measure the model parameters of a key reaction which is part of the complex kinetic network describing the hydrocarbon oxidation. In the experiments, the initial temperature and fuel concentration are optimized with respect to the expected information gain in the estimation of the parameters of the target reaction rate. We show that the expected information gain surface can change its “shape” dramatically according to the level of noise introduced into the synthetic data. The information that can be extracted from the data saturates as a logarithmic function of the number of experiments, and few experiments are needed when they are conducted at the optimal experimental design conditions. Furthermore, inversion of the legacy data indicates the validity and robustness of our designs. Copyright c © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How Basis Risk and Spatiotemporal Adverse Selection Influence Demand for Index Insurance: Evidence from Northern Kenya

Basis risk – the remaining risk that an insured individual faces – is widely acknowledged as the Achilles Heel of index insurance, but to date there has been no direct study of its role in determining demand for index insurance. Further, spatiotemporal variation leaves open the possibility of adverse selection. We use rich longitudinal household data from northern Kenya to determine which factors affect demand for index based livestock insurance (IBLI). We find that both price and the non-price factors studied previously are indeed important, but that basis risk and spatiotemporal adverse selection play a major role in demand for IBLI.
ASYMMETRIC ADJUSTMENTS OF MEXICAN BANK LENDING RATES IN THE NAFTA AND WTO ERA

Asymmetries in the Mexican lending-T-bill rate spread (loan premium) were documented. Empirical results revealed that the loan premium adjusts to the threshold faster when the T-bill rates fall relative to the lending rates than when the T-bill rates move in the opposite direction. This predatory rate setting behavior is consistent with in the observed highly concentrated market over the NAFTA and WTO era. The empirical results also revealed the bidirectional Granger causality between the lending rate and the T-bill rate, indicating that the lending rate and the T-bill rate affect each other’s movement. JEL Classifications: C22, E44, G2