Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Foliar and Ground Fertilization on Yield, Fruit Quality, and Soil, Leaf, and Fruit Mineral Nutrients in Apple

ABSTRACT The effectiveness of nitrogen (N)+ zinc (Zn) soil and foliar fertilizer applications on growth, yield, and quality of apple (Malus domestic Borkh ‘Golden Delicious’) fruit was studied in the Zanjan province, Iran. There were eight treatments 1) control (no fertilizer), 2) soil applied N, 3) soil applied Zn, 4) soil applied N+Zn, 5) foliar applied N, 6) foliar applied Zn, 7) foliar applied N+Zn and 8) combined soil and foliar applied N+Zn. The N source was urea [CO(NH2)2, 46% N] applied at 276 N tree− 1 yr−1 and the Zn source was zinc sulfate (ZnSO4,7H20, 23% Zn) applied at 110 g Zn tree− 1 yr− 1. The soil treatments of N and Zn, were applied every two weeks during June through August (total of 6 times/year) in a 1 m radius around the tree trunk (drip line of trees). The foliar solutions of N (10 g l− 1 urea) and Zn [8 g l− 1 zinc sulfate (ZnSO4)] were sprayed at the rate of 10 L tree− 1 every two weeks at the same times as described for soil applications. The highest yield (49 kg tree− 1), and the heaviest fruits (202 g) were obtained in the soil and foliar combination of N+Zn treatment. The lowest yield (35 kg tree− 1), and the smallest fruits (175 g) were recorded in the control. Nitrogen, and to a lesser extent Zn, foliar application resulted in decreasing fruit quality (caused russeting, and lower soluble solid), but increasing N leaf and fruit concentrations (2.4% DW and 563 mg kg− 1, respectively). There were significant differences among yield and leaf mineral nutrient concentration in different treatments. But there was no significant difference between fruit mineral nutrient concentration (except N). Ratio of N/calcium (Ca), potassium (K)/Ca, and [magnesium (Mg)+K]/Ca in fruits were found suitable for fruit quality prediction. Combining the zinc sulfate with urea in the foliar applications increased the concentration of Zn from 0.7 to 1.5 mg per kg of apple tissue. Leaf N concentration varied during growth season. Foliar applied nutrient can be more efficient than soil applied, but a combination of soil and foliar applications is recommended for apple tree nutrient management.
What Is The New Tumor Marker For Detection Of Different Kidney Tumors? Modern Study To Isolation, Purification, And Characterization Of Galactose Binding Lectin From Sera Of Patients With Kidney Cancer

The present study was designed to investigate lectins in sera of patients with kidney tumors, in addition to non tumoral kidney disease patients. Fifty five patients of malignant kidney tumors were enrolled in addition to 23 patients of benign kidney tumors, and 18 patients of non tumoral kidney diseases used as control groups, in addition to 46 healthy individuals were also investigated. The age of patients and healthy individuals were 10-90 years. The measurement of total serum proteins revealed significant (p < 0.001) decrease in patients of malignant tumors when compared with those of benign, non tumoral diseases, and healthy individuals. The conditions of the hemagglutination assay of serum lectin activity were optimized. They were Tris buffer of 20 mM and pH 7.4, 60 mM CaCl2, 800 µg of defatted serum, 30 ˚C for serum samples, 60 minutes for serum samples, and human blood of group A+ suspension with 1.4 optical density. The measurement of the specific hemagglutination activity of lectins demonstrated significant (p < 0.001) elevation in patients of malignant tumors when compared with those of other patients and healthy individuals. Lectin activity was pointed out to be significantly (r = 0.767 at p < 0.0005) positively correlated with stage of malignancies. The cutoff value of the specific hemagglutination activity was found to equal 6 SHU for discriminatory malignant kidney tumors. Serum lectins activity were indicated to be inhibited by galactose, mannose, lactose, and N-acetyl galactosamine. Purification of lectin from sera of patients with malignant kidney tumors by affinity chromatography with the use of silver stain revealed galactose binding lectin (GalBL). The purified folds and the yield was 132 with 22.1. The polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of purified lectin demonstrated one band consisted lectin activity. The approximate molecular weight of GalBL was determined and found to be 98.40. Purified lectin was characterized through the assessment of the capability to agglutinate RBCs, inhibition by EDTA, pH dependency, thermal dependent, and carbohydrate contents. GalBL was observed to be calcium independence lectins. These results suggest that the diagnosis of the specific hemagglutination activity of lectin is a promising biomarker for discrimination of malignant kidney tumor patients and the purified lectin could be introduced in the field of biomarkers.
Polyimides based on novel multifunctional maleimide derivative

Maleimido derivative (MAF) of aniline-formaldehyde (AF) resin was prepared by the reaction of AF with maleic anhydride. The MAF was characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. A MAF having 3 to 4 maleimido groups was reacted with various grades of furan resin (FR) through Diels-Alder reaction. The resultant polyimides were characterized by IR spectral studies and thermal properties. Both MAF and FR components were polymerized in situ on glass and carbon fiber. The physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the resultant composites have been determined.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and DNA-Binding Studies of Transition Metal Complexes with 2′-(4-Dimethylaminobenzylidene)-2-hydroxybenzoylhydrazide

A series of transition metal complexes of the general formula M(HL)2 (where H2L=2′-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene)-2-hydroxybenzoylhydrazide, M=Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd) were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic (IR, UV–vis) and the Ni(HL)2 was structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction results suggest that Ni(II) central atom situated in a distorted square planar geometry is four-coordinated. The DNA-binding properties of these complexes with calf thymus DNA were also investigated by electronic absorption titration (UV spectroscopy) and fluorescence emission titration. The results showed that these complexes bind to DNA mainly via intercalative mode.
Hierarchical hollow spheres composed of ultrathin Fe2O3 nanosheets for lithium storage and photocatalytic water oxidation

Hollow hierarchical spheres self-organized from the ultrathin nanosheets of α-Fe2O3 were prepared by a simple process. These ultrathin nanosheet subunits possess an average thickness of around 3.5 nm and show preferential exposure of (110) facets. Their Li ion storage and visible-light photocatalytic water oxidation performance are tested. Such hierarchical nanostructures show high Li storage properties with good cycling stability and excellent rate capabilities. The water oxidation catalytic activity is 70 μmol h−1 g−1 for O2 evolution under visible light irradiation and can be maintained for 15 hours. The structural features of these α-Fe2O3 nanocrystals are considered to be important to lead to the attractive properties in both Li storage and photocatalytic water oxidation, e.g. hollow interior, ultrathin thickness and largely exposed active facets.
Effect of Non‐Rubber Components of NR on the Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Localization in SBR/NR Blends

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are mixed into SBR/NR and SBR/IR blends using a wet mixing process. The phase specific localization of CNTs in rubber blends is predicted theoretically using surface energy data of blend components and determined experimentally by means of the wetting concept. Almost all CNTs are found to be localized in the SBR matrix of SBR/IR blends due to the better affinity of CNTs to SBR than to IR. In contrast, a high CNT loading localized in the NR phase of SBR/NR blends results from the presence of phospholipids in NR. Electrical and mechanical properties of the rubber blends depend strongly on CNT localization. A lower CNT loading in SBR matrix of SBR/NR blends imparts a better wet grip and lower rolling resistance to tire tread compounds.
Band Gap Transition Studies of U:ThO2 Using Cathodoluminescence

Abstract : The Department of Defense has expressed interest in thorium dioxide (ThO2) and uranium dioxide (UO2) as possible candidates for use as special nuclear material in designing neutron detectors. Both materials have large neutron interaction cross sections. Uranium dioxide is particularly attractive due to its semiconducting properties and a relatively small band gap of 2 eV. Both materials fluoresce under ionizing radiation making them candidates for scintillating detectors. Three Ux:Th1-xO2 (x= 0.00, 0.01, 0.22) hydrothermally grown single crystals were examined using cathodoluminescence to interrogate the changing electronic properties of ThO2 as it became an alloy. Both depth-resolved and temperature- dependent cathodoluminescence studies were performed to examine the crystal structure and the defects present. An ultra-high vacuum system operating at 10 to the minus 8th power Torr was used with electron beam energies ranging from 2 to 14 keV. Spectra were taken on all three samples before and after a proprietary chemical cleaning process involving a crown ether/picric acid solution was applied to the crystals to remove surface contaminants. Spectral deconvolution of the spectra showed evidence of both direct and indirect gap photon transitions from the O 2p to Th 6d at 4.2 eV and 4.8 eV respectively. Uranium-doped spectra showed evidence of the midgap O 2p to U 5f quadrupole transition and O 2p to U 6d transition at 5 eV.
Critical boiling phenomena observed in microgravity

Singular thermodynamic properties of pure fluids near their critical point (diverging specific heat and isothermal compressibility, vanishing thermal conductivity,…) lead to poor thermal diffusion, a large convective sensitivity, and a special heat transfer process through adiabatic compression, the so-called piston effect. The discovery and extensive study of the piston effect were performed in conditions of weightlessness to avoid convection. Although its mechanism in the supercritical range is now well understood, its coupling with an inhomogeneous density distribution and mass transport in the two-phase regime has been relatively less studied and remains puzzling. Recent experiments performed in the French Alice 2 facility built by CNES onboard the Mir station showed undoubtedly that when a liquid-vapor system of SF6 near its critical temperature is heated in microgravity, the apparent contact angle becomes very large (up to 110°). In this slightly out-of-equilibrium configuration the gas appears to “.
"Green chemistry": os 12 princípios da química verde e sua inserção nas atividades de ensino e pesquisa

Green chemistry ¾ defined as the design, development, and application of chemical processes and products to reduce or eliminate the use and generation of substances hazardous to human health and the environment. This article summarizes the 12 principles of green chemistry, describing how they have been applied to the academic, industrial and research activities around the world.
Surface engineering using layer-by-layer assembly of pH-sensitive polymers and nanoparticles

Surface engineering of a variety of materials including colloidal particles and porous membranes has been achieved by using layer-by-layer assembly of pH-sensitive polymers and nanoparticles. In the first part of this thesis, hydrogen-bonded multilayer coatings comprising poly(acrylic acid) and polyacrylamide were used to functionalize spherical colloidal particles. Multilayer-modified colloids showed an excellent resistance to cell adhesion. Hydrogen-bonded multilayer coatings on microspheres also could be utilized as templates for in situ nanoparticle synthesis enabling the formation of nanoparticle-loaded hollow microcapsules. Silver nanoparticle-loaded multilayer coatings were created on magnetic microspheres to create antibacterial agents that can be manipulated using a magnetic field. In the second part, the surfaces of track-etched polycarbonate membranes were functionalized with multilayer coatings that undergo discontinuous swelling transition. Multilayers comprising poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and poly(styrene sulfonate) were deposited at a high pH condition (pH > 9.0). These multilayer-modified membranes exhibited hysteretic gating behavior that could be useful for the separation of pH-sensitive materials such as proteins. The growth and swelling behavior of the multilayers in the cylindrical pores of TEPC membranes were also investigated. Heterostructured magnetic nanotubes could be created by further modifying the multilayer-coated TEPC membranes. These magnetic nanotubes were utilized for the separation and controlled release of anionic molecules including active pharmaceutical ingredients. In the last part of this thesis, all-nanoparticle thin film coatings were created by sequentially depositing oppositely charged nanoparticles. The fundamental investigation of all-nanoparticle multilayers revealed that a narrow processing window exists in which multilayers of oppositely charged nanoparticles can be assembled in a true layer-by-layer manner. It was also demonstrated that structure and properties of all-nanoparticle thin films could be varied by controlling the assembly conditions. All-nanoparticle thin film coatings consisting of titanium oxide and silica nanoparticles exhibited potentially useful antifogging, antireflection and self-cleaning properties. Thesis Supervisors: Robert E. Cohen, St. Laurent Professor of Chemical Engineering Michael F. Rubner, TDK Professor of Materials Science and Engineering
New polyurethane compositions containing high amounts of covalently bonded heparin

Heparin was bonded covalently to hydrophilic polyurethanes. Polymers were characterized by spectroscopic techniques (IR and 1H, 13C NMR), molecular weight measurements and differential scanning calorimetry. The heparin content of the polymer films (up to more than 500 μg/cm2) was determined by a calorimetric system, and its biological activity was evaluated in vitro by APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) measurements with a tenfold increase of the clotting time (about 300 s) with respect to the clotting time of human plasma (30 s). When heparin is bonded to a polymer provided with a hydrophilic polyfunctional spacer, the heparin content of the films is remarkably higher than previously described (about twice the reported values), and also the biological activity of the bonded heparin is favourably affected.
Analyse des processus de nucléation et de croissance des particules de suie dans des flammes par fluorescence induite par laser en jet froid appliquée aux hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques et par incandescence induite par laser

Les particules de suie emises lors de la combustion d’hydrocarbures ont un impact important sur le rechauffement climatique et sur la sante. La comprehension des mecanismes de formation des particules de suie dans les flammes presente donc un fort interet environnemental. Cependant, le mecanisme de formation de ces particules pose toujours de nombreuses questions. En particulier la phase de nucleation, qui conduit a la formation des particules primaires de suie (nuclei) a partir de molecules HAPs (Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycycliques) en phase gazeuse, reste incomprise. Au cours de ce travail de these, nous avons mis en œuvre deux methodes experimentales de diagnostic laser, la Fluorescence Induite par Laser en Jet Froid (JCLIF) et l’Incandescence Induite par Laser (LII), respectivement pour la mesure de HAPs (naphtalene, pyrene et fluoranthene) et des particules de suies formees dans des flammes de CH4/O2/N2 stabilisees a basse-pression et de C2H4/air stabilisees a pression atmospherique. Les resultats obtenus offrent une base de donnees experimentale tout a fait originale pour l’amelioration de la comprehension des voies reactionnelles preponderantes menant a la formation des particules de suie. Par ailleurs, nous avons egalement mis en evidence l’existence de flammes de nucleation, i.e des flammes dans lesquelles les particules de suie sont essentiellement formees par nucleation, sans subir de croissance de surface. Dans ce travail de these, nous montrons que ces flammes pourraient ainsi constituer un cas test unique et tres pertinent pour la comprehension du processus de nucleation.
Controlled Heterogeneous Nucleation and Growth of Germanium Quantum Dots on Nanopatterned Silicon Dioxide and Silicon Nitride Substrates

Controlled heterogeneous nucleation and growth of Ge quantum dots (QDs) are demonstrated on SiO_2/Si_3N_4 substrates by means of a novel fabrication process of thermally oxidizing nanopatterned SiGe layers. The otherwise random self-assembly process for QDs is shown to be strongly influenced by the nanopatterning in determining both the location and size of the QDs. Ostwald ripening processes are observed under further annealing at the oxidation temperature. Both nanopattern oxidation and Ostwald ripening offer additional mechanisms for lithography for controlling the size and placement of the QDs.
Preparation of Ag nanospheres filled with Cu

Surface properties of Ag nanoparticles may not be perturbed when they are filled with the relatively cheap Cu. To better understand how Ag can be coated on Cu, growth of the Cu and Ag bimetal during the temperature-programmed carbonisation (TPC) of Ag+- and Cu2+-β-cyclodextrin (CD) complexes having the Cu/Ag ratios of 0.5, 1 and 2 was studied by in situ synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) spectroscopy. The SAXS spectra provide the detailed structural changes corresponding to the growth of Ag and Cu nanoparticles as the Ag+- and Cu2+-CD complexes are carbonised at the temperature range of 363–513 K. It seems that Cu having a relatively high surface free energy is enriched in the core of the cherry-like Cu@Ag bimetal nanoparticles. The Cu@Ag bimetals are encapsulated in the carbon-shell formed from carbon unconsumed in the oxidation of CD during TPC. A rapid growth of the bimetal nanoparticles occurs at 393–423 K. As Ag+ and Cu2+ are reduced during the CD oxidation, the Ag nanospheres are filled with Cu, and eventually encapsulated in the carbon-shell. Note that the carbon-shell coated on Cu@Ag can be removed by steam reforming at 573 K.
Anxiolytic and Anticonvulsant Activity of Alcoholic Extract of Heart Wood of Cedrus Deodara Roxb in Rodents

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anxiolytic and anti-convulsant activity of the alcoholic extract of heart wood of Cedrus deodara (ALCD). 50,100 and 200 mg/kg of alcoholic extract of Cedrus deodara (ALCD) were tested for its anxiolytic and anticonvulsant activity. Elevated plus maze model (EPM), Actophotometre, Light-dark model were used for testing anxiolytic activity and Pentylene tetrazole (PTZ) induced convulsions and Maximal electro shock (MES) induced convulsions models in mice were used for the assessment of its anticonvulsant activity, Pretreatment with ALCD and estimation of GABA in rat brain tissues also performed to study the effect of ALCD (30, 100 mg/kg) on GABA levels of brain. In Actophotometre test, higher doses (100 and 200mg/kg) of ALCD has showed significant CNS depression by reducing locomotor activity in mice. In EPM the 100 and 200mg/kg of ALCD has increased the time spent in the open arm and decreased time spent in the closed arm. In Light-dark model the 100 and 200mg/kg of ALCD has showed significant increase in the time spent in light zone when compare to the dark zone. In PTZ induced convulsions model 100 and 200 mg/kg of ALCD has increased the onset of clonus and tonic seizures.
Calorimetric Study of Maghemite Nanoparticles Synthesized by Laser-Induced Pyrolysis

The thermodynamic properties of maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles with size smaller than 10 nm had not been studied previously because of particle size limitations for samples synthesized by wet chemical methods. Laser-induced pyrolysis is a well-established method of producing maghemite with particle sizes smaller than 10 nm. Maghemite nanoparticles, obtained by this method and having a size range of 2–40 nm, were fully characterized and studied by solution calorimetry. The enthalpy of water adsorption was also measured. The surface enthalpy obtained from calorimetric data for the hydrated maghemite surface is 0.57 ± 0.10 J/m2 and is in good agreement with previously reported values. The surface enthalpy for the dry, water-free surface is 0.71 ± 0.13 J/m2 and is reported for the first time. The difference in the surface enthalpy for the dry surface between α- and γ-polymorphs of Fe2O3 is similar to that between α- and γ-Al2O3. This large difference in surface enthalpy (∼1.2 J/m2) creates an energy crosso.
An Application of Genetic Algorithm Search Techniques to the Future Total Exergy Input/Output Estimation

Since 1975, there has been a great deal of interest, particularly during the past decade, in the promising genetic algorithm (GA) and its application to various disciplines from medicine to cogeneration. However, the studies performed on energy-related GA modeling are relatively low in numbers. The main objective of the present study is to develop the exergy input/output estimation equations in order to estimate the future projections based on the GA notion. In this regard, the GA Future Total EXergy Input/Output Estimation Models (GAFTEXIEM/GAFTEXOEM) are used to estimate total exergy input/output demand of Turkey, which is selected as an application country, based on the economic and social indicators of gross domestic product (GDP), population, import, export and house production figures. The future prediction of Turkey's total exergy input/output values are projected between 2003 and 2023. It may be concluded that the models proposed here can be used as an alternative solution and estimation techniques to available estimation techniques. It is also expected that this study will be helpful in developing highly applicable and productive planning for energy policies.
DETERMINATION OF ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID IN PHARMACEUTICAL DRUGS BY TLC WITH DENSITOMETRIC DETECTION IN UV

Adsorption thin layer chromatography (NP-TLC) with densitometry has been established for the identification and the quantification of acetylsalicylic acid in tablets. UV densitometry was performed in absorbance mode at 200 nm. The presented method was validated by specificity, range, linearity, accuracy, precision, detection limit, quantitative limit, and robustness. The TLC-densitometric method was also compared with a pharmacopeial UV-spectrophotometric method for the assay of acetylsalicylic acid, and the results confirmed statistically that the NP-TLC-densitometric method can be used as a substitute method. It could be said that the NP-TLC-densitometric method is suitable for the routine analysis of acetylsalicylic acid in quantity control laboratories.
An approach to the estimation of brewing quality in barley and malt

Methods of assessing the brewing qualities of new varieties are reviewed. A new method for making this assessment is proposed. This is ideally a three-step process but it would be possible to eliminate the third, costly, step without severe loss of effectiveness. The use of the new method is illustrated by reference to trials using 251 samples from recent trials in France.
Ag@Fe3O4 nanowire: fabrication, characterization and peroxidase‐like activity

With a facile solvothermal method, Ag@Fe3O4 nanowire was successfully prepared and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The obtained Ag@Fe3O4 nanowire posses enhanced peroxidase‐like activity with good stability and high absorbance. The optimization of pH, H2O2 concentration and loading capacity were carried out. The result of kinetic analysis indicates that the catalyzed reaction followed a Michaelis‐Menten behavior. The good peroxidase‐like activity makes Ag@Fe3O4 nanowire be promising for real application in biomedicine.