Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neural networks for TeV cosmic electrons identification on the DAMPE experiment

The past decades have witnessed the deployment of a new generation of cosmic ray (CR) observatories with unprecedented sensitivity and complexity, pushing towards ever-higher energies. To face the challenges of the multi-TeV domain, such instruments must be accompanied by equally powerful analysis techniques, able to exploit as much information as available. For example, the machine learning tool set may provide the needed techniques. We present a neural network optimised for the identification of multi-TeV electrons on DAMPE, a calorimetric spaceborne CR observatory with among other objectives the measurement of cosmic electrons up to 10 TeV. This constitutes a particularly challenging endeavour due to both the soft electron spectrum and the large proton background. The developed neural network significantly outperforms the more traditional cut-based approach, achieving a much lower proton contamination in the multi-TeV domain with a high signal efficiency, and retains its accuracy when transposed from Monte Carlo to real data.
Landing Dispersion Results - Global Hawk Auto-land System

The Global Hawk Unmanned Aerial Vehicle was conceived in 1995 by DARPA and its primary contractor, Teledyne Ryan Aeronautical (now part of the Northrop Grumman Corporation) as an airborne reconnaissance platform for the United States armed forces. The fleet consists of 4 aircraft, with another one currently being built and several more in the production pipeline. The aircraft is capable of flying 1200 nautical miles to an area of interest, stay aloft for 24 hours taking reconnaissance data over a 40,000 square mile target area and then flying back 1200 nautical miles to its operating base. The aircraft has successfully completed its military utility assessment, and has been approved to enter into an engineering manufacturing development phase and for low-rate production. The original Global Hawk navigation system utilized a combination of Litton’s LN-100G and LN-211G navigation systems. This configuration has been previously described in a paper presented in 1999 to the Institute of Navigation GPS conference, and in an article published in GPS World. Global Hawk's primary navigation system has been upgraded to utilize the Kearfott KN-4072 INS/GPS in place of the Litton LN211Gs (the LN-100Gs are still used for sensor reference). The primary driver for Global Hawk’s navigation system performance was driven by the need to autonomously taxi, takeoff and land at standard air force bases. Data, from a number of UAV flights with the Kearfott navigation system, were analyzed and shows that the landing dispersion meets the accuracy requirements for landings, and the navigation accuracy with DGPS aiding 1 Copyright  2002, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc. All rights reserved. meets the requirements for taxi and takeoff. This paper will discuss the updated navigation system architecture, along with presenting results of the analysis of the navigation system performance.
Uncovering the Gene Regulatory Network of Maize Hybrid ZD309 under Heat Stress by Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis

Maize is an important cereal crop but is sensitive to heat stress, which significantly restricts its grain yield. To explore the molecular mechanism of maize heat tolerance, a heat-tolerant hybrid ZD309 and its parental lines (H39_1 and M189) were subjected to heat stress, followed by transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. After six-day-heat treatment, the growth of ZD309 and its parental lines were suppressed, showing dwarf stature and rolled leaf compared with the control plants. ZD309 exhibited vigorous growth; however, M189 displayed superior heat tolerance. By transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis, hundreds to thousands of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and metabolites (DEMs) were identified. Notably, the female parent H39 shares more DEGs and DEMs with the hybrid ZD309, indicating more genetic gain derived from the female instead of the male. A total of 299 heat shock genes detected among three genotypes were greatly aggregated in sugar transmembrane transporter activity, plasma membrane, photosynthesis, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, cysteine, and methionine metabolism. A total of 150 heat-responsive metabolites detected among three genotypes were highly accumulated, including jasmonic acid, amino acids, sugar, flavonoids, coumarin, and organic acids. Integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic assays revealed that plant hormone signal transduction, cysteine, and methionine metabolism, and α-linolenic acid metabolism play crucial roles in heat tolerance in maize. Our research will be facilitated to identify essential heat tolerance genes in maize, thereby contributing to breeding heat resistance maize varieties.
Estimation of VRLA Battery Capacity Using the Analysis of the Coup de Fouet

Emphasis is placed on analysising of the relations of the coup de fouet with the capacity of VRLA batteries and the effects of variations in operating conditions on the coup de fouet.Then the author concludes a new method of estimating VRLA battery capacity and puts forward his preliminary suggestion to realize this objective.Finally the application prospect of the new method is briefly discussed.
A Novel User Grouping in Phase Rotation based Downlink NOMA

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a promising candidate beyond 5G and 6G to improve spectral efficiency by sharing the same resource block with other users. However, as the number of users increases in a single NOMA cluster, not only the spectral efficiency but also the interference increases. Therefore, to ensure a trade-off between capacity and error performance in NOMA systems, this study introduces a novel downlink NOMA scheme using the phase rotation. In the system, four users can create a single NOMA cluster and are grouped into two subgroups by exploiting conventional NOMA. Within each subgroup, the symbols of two users, near user and far user, are rotated and multiplexed by the power domain. Subsequently, the final transmitted signal is obtained by multiplexing the in-phase and quadrature components of the first and second subgroups, respectively. By superposing signals from two independent subgroups, the number of successive interference cancellation (SIC) operations are reduced compared to the existing NOMA. Moreover, the analytical bit error rate (BER) for a four-user scenario is derived, and the optimal rotation angle and power allocation are proposed to minimize the BER performance. Numerical results demonstrate the improved performance of the proposed NOMA scheme over several existing schemes, such as conventional NOMA and orthogonal multiple access (OMA).
Predictability Evaluation Based on Gate-In Fuel Prediction and Cost-to-Carry Estimation

Aviation system predictability has recently gained popularity among air navigation service providers and academic researchers. To better understand how to measure predictability and how to assess the potential benefit of enhanced predictability, the authors propose a new predictability metric based on flight gate-in fuel (GIF). The GIF can indicate the impact of predictability on airlines. A GIF prediction model was first developed using a comprehensive flight level fuel uplift and consumption dataset provided by a U.S.-based airline. Then, available FAA data were merged in the process and the developed prediction model was applied to other airlines. Scheduled block time (SBT) is used as another predictability metric to compare with GIF. In light of the trend of GIF and SBT changes, in general, these two metrics were found to be positively correlated. However, for a number of airlines, the correlations were found to be negative suggesting airlines may have different fuel loading strategies regarding flight predictability. The proposed GIF metric can also be directly monetized through a cost-to-carry (CTC) scheme. Extra fuel burn to carry GIF is calculated using CTC factors. For year 2012 and 2013, the authors found, on a per flight basis, the estimated CTC value ranging from $318 to $942 across six U.S. airlines. In a system level, the estimated CTC values range from $84 million to $497 million showing significant benefits toward improving flight predictability. The proposed GIF metric can also be integrated in the benefit assessments of various initiatives and programs such as NEXTGEN.
New Directions for Skincare Monitoring: an NFC-Based Battery-Free Approach Combined with Deep Learning Techniques

Skincare monitoring has always been of paramount importance in the field of dermatology. In this study, we developed a smart skincare device that can harvest energy from a near field communication (NFC)-based smartphone and allow the adoption of a battery-free design approach. This device consists of two integrated sensors: one for the measurement of skin moisture and another for that of ultraviolet (UV) radiations. We conducted a series of experimental tests on different subjects in indoor and outdoor environments (8 and 6, respectively). Their skin moisture and temperature were measured parallelly to the ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) radiations from the sun. Later, the 6 channel sensing outputs obtained from the sensors (including ambient humidity and temperature) were input into a deep learning artificial neural network (ANN) model, which was used to predict the corresponding outputs and calculate the respective mean square error (MSE). The ultraviolet index (UVI) outputs were classified (using the same ANN model) into “less harmful”“, moderate harmful” and “burn”. The overall classification accuracy was 99.8%: the best performance achieved by using an ANN model. Notably, our skincare device is enclosed in a 3D flexible design print and is smart, battery-free, equipped with an Android application interface and more convenient to transport than other commercially available devices.
The Effect of Task-Oriented Training on Upper-Limb Function, Visual Perception, and Activities of Daily Living in Acute Stroke Patients: A Pilot Study

This pilot study aimed to investigate the effects of task-oriented training on upper-limb functioning, visual perception, and activities of daily living (ADL) in acute stroke patients. Of 20 participants, 10 were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to experimental and control groups. Task-oriented training and table-top activity training were implemented for 6 weeks. Change in upper-limb functioning was assessed with the Manual Function Test (MFT); visual perceptual skill and ADL performance were evaluated using the Motor-Free Visual Perception Test—Vertical (MVPT-V) and Korean Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI), respectively. There was a significant interaction in the MFT and MBI score between the group and time (p < 0.05), but the group effect was not significant (p > 0.05). The MFT and MBI score significantly increased in both groups after the intervention (p < 0.001), but the effect size was greater in the task-oriented training group than the table-top activity training group. No significant interaction with MVPT-V score was found between the group and time (p > 0.05), and no statistical group difference was found either (p > 0.05). Both groups showed significant improvement in their MVPT-V score after the intervention (p < 0.001). The pilot study findings demonstrate that both task-oriented training and table-top activity training are effective in recovering upper-limb function, visual perception, and ADL in acute stroke patients.
Cultural capital and constrained agency in debt-migration for construction work in India

ABSTRACT Debt-migration is endemic in construction work in India, where exploitative social relations are an integral part of businesses’ capital accumulation model that can entrap migrants in forced labour and perpetual indebtedness. Drawing on concepts of cultural capital, ‘constrained agency’, and qualitative interviews with migrants and their wives, this study examines the embodied and material practices that migrants in Telangana use to challenge power hierarchies and embark on different life trajectories. The paper draws out the gendered differences in cultural capital and agential strategies that migrants use to place themselves and their families on an upwardly mobile path. Although still in debt, many migrants had succeeded in buying land, investing in farming, marrying their daughters, releasing themselves from moneylenders, and educating their children privately. A few had transitioned to working and living more permanently in the city of Hyderabad. This research sheds new light on how constrained agency and the use of cultural capital intersects with gender, ethnicity, and caste. It also shows that while the situations of both those who continue to circulate and those who settle in the city remain precarious, small incremental changes can add up to a significant shift in social and economic circumstances.
Technical note: Real-time diagnosis of the hygroscopic growth micro-dynamics of nanoparticles with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Abstract. Nanoparticles can absorb water to grow, and this process will affect the light-scattering behavior, cloud condensation nuclei properties, lifetime, and chemical reactivity of these particles. Current techniques for calculation of aerosol liquid water content (ALWC) usually restrict the size of particles to be within a certain range, which may result in a large uncertainty when the particle size is beyond the specified range. Furthermore, current techniques are difficult to use to identify the intermolecular interactions of phase transition micro-dynamics during particles' hygroscopic growth process because their limited temporal resolutions are unable to capture complex intermediate states. In this study, the hygroscopic growth properties of nanoparticles with electrical mobility diameters (Dem) of ∼ 100 nm and their phase transition micro-dynamics at the molecular level are characterized in real time by using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic technique. We develop a novel real-time method for ALWC calculation by reconstructing the absorption spectra of liquid water and realize real-time measurements of water content and dry nanoparticle mass to characterize hygroscopic growth factors (GFs). The calculated GFs are generally in good agreement with the Extended Aerosol Inorganics Model (E-AIM) predictions. We also explore the phenomenon that the deliquescence points of the ammonium sulfate / sodium nitrate (AS/SN) mixed nanoparticles and the AS / oxalic acid (AS/OA) mixed nanoparticles are lower than that of the pure AS. We further normalize the FTIR spectra of nanoparticles into 2D IR spectra and identify in real time the hydration interactions and the dynamic hygroscopic growth process of the functional groups for AS, AS/SN, and AS/OA nanoparticles. The results show that both SN and OA compounds can lower the deliquescence point of AS, but they affect AS differently. The SN can change but OA cannot change the hydrolysis reaction mechanism of AS during the hygroscopic growth process. Compared with previous studies, we captured more complex processes and the intermediate state of the hygroscopic growth of nanoparticles. This study not only can provide important information with respect to the difference in the phase transition point under different conditions but also can improve current understanding of the chemical interaction mechanism between nanoparticles (particularly for organic particles) and the surrounding medium, which is of great significance for investigation of haze formation in the atmosphere.
Estimation of vehicle yaw rate and lateral motion for dynamic stability control using unscented Kalman filtering (UKF) approach

The increasing demand for passenger safety and comfort has inspired to develop technologically sophisticated automobiles that provide improved vehicle handling. In automotive industry, current focus is on the development of active safety systems, which assist the driver in order to avoid critical situations. Unfortunately, some fundamental states which are valuable for the vehicle dynamics control systems are not measurable or uneconomical. Hence, the states are to be estimated. This paper presents the estimation of yaw rate and lateral motion/velocity, which are among the essential states. A simplified model of the vehicle during a DLC turning maneuver is been considered and the dynamic equations of the states were summed up. Thereafter, they were estimated using non-linear UKF approach. Computer simulation have been conducted to verify the proposed approach, with results indicating that the proposed approach is very effective and robust in estimating yaw rate and lateral dynamics.
Optimizing stable isotope sampling design in terrestrial movement ecology research

The recognition of adequate sampling designs is an interdisciplinary topic that has gained popularity over the last decades. In ecology, many research questions involve sampling across extensive and complex environmental gradients. This is the case for stable isotope analyses, which are widely used to characterize large‐scale movement patterns and dietary preferences of organisms across taxa. Because natural‐abundance stable isotope variation in the environment is incorporated into inert animal tissues, such as feathers or hair, it is possible to draw inferences about the type of food and water resources that individuals consumed and the locations where tissues were synthesized. However, modern stable isotope research can benefit from the implementation of robust statistical analyses and well‐designed sampling approaches to improve geographic assignment interpretation. We employed hydrogen stable isotope simulations to study inferences regarding the probability of origin of migratory individuals and reveal gaps in sampling efforts while highlighting uncertainties of assignment model extrapolations. We present an integrative approach that explores multiple sampling strategies across species with different geographic ranges to understand advantages and limitations of animal movement inferences based on stable isotope data. We show the characteristics of different sampling strategies through geographic and isotopic gradients and establish a set of diagnostic tools that uncover the attributes of these gradients and evaluate uncertainties of model results. Our analysis demonstrates that sampling regimes should be evaluated in relation to specific research questions and study constraints, and that adopting a single method across species ranges can lead to a costly but less effective sampling strategy.
White Prairie Clover (Dalea candida Michx. ex Willd.) and Purple Prairie Clover (Dalea purpurea Vent.) in Binary Mixtures with Grass Species

Native forage legumes may have potential for summer/fall grazing in semiarid prairie regions in mixture with grasses. The objective of this study was to evaluate two native clovers in binary mixtures with the introduced grasses when harvested in July and September to simulate late summer or fall stockpile forage. Eight binary clover–grass mixtures were seeded in a split-plot design with 4 replications at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, Canada. Mixtures included (i) AC Antelope white prairie clover (WPC)-Admiral meadow bromegrass (MBG), (ii) WPC-AC Success hybrid bromegrass (HBG), (iii) WPC-Bozoisky Russian wildrye (RWR), (iv) WPC-TomRWR, (v) AC Lamour purple prairie clover (PPC)-AdmiralMBG, (vi) PPC-AC SuccessHBG, (vii) PPC-BozoiskyRWR, and (viii) PPC-TomRWR. Clover establishment differed (p = 0.03) in July where WPC had 77.8% greater proportion in mixture than PPC, although both clovers increased (p < 0.001) in September to similar legume proportions, 663.2 and 876.1 kg/ha, respectively. Clovers with bromegrasses produced 41.9% more forage dry matter yield in summer than clovers with Russian wildryes (p < 0.001), though the latter mixtures had slightly better nutritive value (avg. 7.0% vs. 5.2% crude protein (CP). Clover–MBG exhibited higher (53.6%) in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) than Clover–HBG (51.2%) (p = 0.04). Purple prairie clover with grass or both clovers in mixture with bromegrasses, produced adequate forage biomass for summer and fall grazing, except clovers with Bozoisky RWR, while clovers with both RWR cultivars had acceptable forage nutritive value for summer in this semiarid prairie region.
A Tale of Two Coffee Colonies: Environment and Slavery in Suriname and Saint-Domingue, ca. 1750–1790

Abstract In the second half of the eighteenth century, European metropolitan powers succeeded in overcoming the dominance that Yemen had hitherto exercised over the world coffee supply. Two colonies of the New World stood out in this transformation, both employing African slave labor on a large scale: Suriname, owned by the Dutch, and Saint-Domingue, the main French colony in the Caribbean. However, Suriname’s growth was short-lived, and it was soon surpassed by the productive leap of Saint-Domingue. The article explores the divergent trajectories of these two colonies, focusing on the environmental conditions of the operation of coffee plantations. Rather than taking the specific combinations of land, labor, capital, and political power as an independent and locally determined set, the article examines how the coffee trajectories of Suriname and Saint-Domingue were mutually formative through the specific evolving relationships that each space had within the world-system.
The Asymmetric Impact of Weighting Economic and Political Events on the Fluctuations of Banking Group Index (Case of Tehran Stock Exchange)

Stock Exchange Investors have paid more attention to the banking group in recent years so that in many cases, the direction of the banking index has changed the general direction of the market. Therefore, exploring the banking index fluctuation is important from the point of view of investors as well as the direction of the market. The purpose is to examine the effectiveness and direction of news, as one of the most important factors in the formation of volatility, on the banking group index in Tehran Stock Exchange by using 1460 daily records during 2018-2019 and the GARCH family's method. The data were collected for four different newsgroups, including economic, political, psychological, and financial. After that, the news that had more relationship with the banking group was separated to underscore in the weighting stage and divided into the positive and negative news, according to the perspectives of capital market experts and economic elites. The results indicated that newsgroups have a significant effect on the group index, and only the negative political model on the banking group has an asymmetric effect. The results indicated that political and economic news has a positive and significant impact on banking index fluctuations.
Coordination of directional overcurrent relays in meshed power systems using hybrid genetic algorithm optimization

This work presents a Hybrid Genetic Algorithm (HGA) for directional overcurrent relays coordination in a real meshed power system, which is part of the Brazilian power transmission system. The HGA combines linear programming and genetic algorithm to find the correct relay settings that enable system coordination. The coordination is achieved by minimizing the relay operating time. The power system was simulated via CAPE (Computer-Aided Protection Engineering) software for short circuits studies. Solutions calculated by the HGA are compared with those obtained from the Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization (DPSO) technique which is a modified version of the classical particle swarm optimization. Finally, HGA provides good results for coordination of the considered overcurrent relays in the test system, according to the results given by the DPSO.