Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Specific immune serum to the Epstein-Barr virus DNA polymerase

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA polymerase was released from phorbol ester-treated tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) cells (B95-8) and prepared for use as an antigen by sequential column chromatography with DEAE-Sephadex A-25, DEAE-cellulose, phosphocellulose, and single-stranded DNA cellulose. Proteins from single-stranded DNA cellulose with DNA polymerase activity in 100 mM ammonium sulfate were mixed with complete Freund adjuvant and injected intradermally into rats and rabbits. Immune sera that were screened for specific antibody by indirect immunofluorescence procedures reacted with approximately 3% of the cells in EBV-producer cultures (B95-8 and P3HR-1) but not with EBV genome-negative cells (BJAB). In functional enzyme assays, immune sera or the immunoglobulin fraction inhibited the activity of purified EBV DNA polymerase 90%. Inhibition of enzyme activity was not affected by absorption of immune sera with insoluble matrices of proteins prepared with tamarin and human cells which lacked the EBV genome. Cellular DNA polymerase alpha was not inhibited by immune sera to the EBV enzyme.
Convergence of Proximal-Like Algorithms

We analyze proximal methods based on entropy-like distances for the minimization of convex functions subject to nonnegativity constraints. We prove global convergence results for the methods with approximate minimization steps and an ergodic convergence result for the case of finding a zero of a maximal monotone operator. We also consider linearly constrained convex problems and establish a quadratic convergence rate result for linear programs. Our analysis allows us to simplify and extend the available convergence results for these methods.
Differentiation of enteropathogenic Campylobacter.

The identification of campylobacters is a topic recently discussed in your columns (May issue, page 509; June issue, page 603). One of the problems facing clinical microbiologists is the lack of suitable tests for distinguishing between strains of the 'thermophilic' group of campylobacters that cause acute enterocolitis. Veron and Chatelain' recognised the organisms Vibrio jejuni2 and Vibrio coli,3 described in 1931 and 1948 respectively, in their classification of the genus Campylobacter, which became Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli, names recently accepted by an international committee.4 However, since their distinguishing features were unclear, Smibert,5 in the United States, grouped them together as C. fetus subsp. jejuni. During the past three years we have examined some 1200 campylobacter strains and now recognise groupings that conform to the Institut Pasteur's C. jejuni and C. coli type strains,6 although many strains had intermediate characteristics; we also found a nalidixic-acidresistant group of thermophilic campylobacters (NARTC), as we mentioned in our letter published in your June issue, page 603. The jejuni/coli groupings were based mainly on tolerance to tri-phenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) and growth at 30.5°C and 45.5°C, finely balanced tests that are unsuitable for routine use. Recently, however, by the use of two simple tests we found that it was possible to distinguish not only C. jejuni from C. coli, but two biotypes of C. jejuni.
DNA Polymerase β Interacts with TRF2 and Induces Telomere Dysfunction in a Murine Mammary Cell Line

DNA polymerase β (Polβ) is a DNA repair protein that functions in base excision repair and meiosis. The enzyme has deoxyribose phosphate lyase and polymerase activity, but it is error prone because it bears no proofreading activity. Errors in DNA repair can lead to the accumulation of mutations and consequently to tumorigenesis. Polβ expression has been found to be higher in tumors, and deregulation of its expression has been found to induce chromosomal instability, a hallmark of tumorigenesis, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In the present study, we have investigated whether ectopic expression of Polβ influences the stability of chromosomes in a murine mammary cell line. The results demonstrate a telomere dysfunction phenotype: an increased rate of telomere loss and chromosome fusion, suggesting that ectopic expression of Polβ leads to telomere dysfunction. In addition, Polβ interacts with TRF2, a telomeric DNA binding protein. Colocalization of the two proteins occurs at nontelomeric sites and appears to be influenced by the change in the status of the telomeric complex.
Phosphatidylserine‐related adhesion of human erythrocytes to vascular endothelium

In pathological conditions such as sickle cell disease, falciparum malaria and diabetes, an abnormal adherence of erythrocytes to endothelium is concomitant with loss of phospholipid asymmetry resulting in phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure. We have investigated the involvement of PS in this interaction by studying adhesion of human erythrocytes, treated with Ca2+‐ionophore A23187 in combination with N‐ethylmaleimide, to human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a flow‐based assay. Results showed that erythrocytes which exposed PS, massively adhered to HUVEC in a Ca2+‐dependent manner. This adhesion was inhibited by PS liposomes and by annexin V, giving clear evidence of the PS dependence of these interactions.
Question Answering with Deep Learning

Recent progress in deep learning has allowed for significant strides in natural language processing. Here, a model for using deep learning to answer questions was proposed and implemented. The model can accept a text based question and a text based context paragraph in which the correct answer can be found. The model will generate a prediction for where in the context paragraph the answer to the question lies. The model involves representing questions and contexts as lists of word vectors, applying an attention mechanism to the context words and passing the results through a bidirectional LSTM. This method produced a model that can answer questions in a way that gives an F1 score of 33% and an exact match score of 19%.
Location Aware Reduced Diffusion Hybrid Routing Algorithm (LARDHR)

Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is a multihop wireless network formed by a collection of mobile nodes wherein the nodes move arbitrarily thus making the topology dynamic. MANETs have low bandwidth wireless links hence the routing protocols with less consumption of bandwidth are of great importance. This paper presents a new location aware hybrid routing algorithm with reduced diffusion of routing related messages called Location Aware Reduced Diffusion Hybrid Routing Algorithm (LARDHR). This algorithm utilizes different mechanisms to reduce the diffusion of route search messages in the whole network and also encourage the route stability to save the limited energy of the anemic mobile nodes. With the help of physical locations of the nodes route search messages are routed only through limited nodes therefore the algorithm utilizes the bandwidth optimally and also increases the efficiency of the route search method.
The Oxygen Sensor Protein, FixL, of Rhizobium meliloti

The two-component system sensor/response regulator pair, FixL/FixJ, controls the expression of Rhizobium meliloti nitrogen fixation (nif and fix) genes in response to changes in oxygen concentration. A truncated version of FixL, FixL*, is an oxygen-binding hemoprotein kinase that phosphorylates and dephosphorylates the nif and fix gene transcriptional activator, FixJ. Phosphorylation of FixJ is required for optimal transcriptional activation, and anaerobic conditions in vitro result in a substantial increase in the level of FixJ-phosphate. In this study, site-directed mutagenesis was carried out at histidine residues in FixL*. Mutant FixL* derivatives were purified and analyzed in vitro for their heme/oxygen binding properties and phosphorylation/dephosphorylation activities. Mutation of histidine 285, the putative autophosphorylation site, to glutamine results in the loss of FixL* phosphorylation activities. However, this mutant protein retains a substantial level of FixJ-phosphate dephosphorylation activity. Mutation of histidine 194 to asparagine results in the loss of heme binding and in the failure of FixL* to regulate its phosphorylation/dephosphorylation activities in response to changes in oxygen concentration. The FixL*H194N mutant protein also exhibits an increased FixJ phosphorylation activity under aerobic conditions. This study provides further evidence for the importance of the heme binding domain of FixL* in regulating FixJ phosphorylation and dephosphorylation activities in response to oxygen.
Gender and racial/ethnic differences in patterns of adolescent alcohol use and associations with adolescent and adult illicit drug use

Abstract Objectives: The study objective was to use latent class analyses (LCAs) to identify gender- and racial/ethnic-specific groups of adolescent alcohol users and associations between alcohol use group and adolescent and adulthood illicit drug use in a nationally-representative US sample. Methods: We used Wave I (1994–1995, adolescence) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to conduct LCAs by gender and race/ethnicity and measure associations between class membership and Wave I and Wave III (2001–2002, young adulthood) drug use. Participants included white (n = 9548), African American (n = 4005) and Hispanic (n = 3184) participants. LCAs were based on quantity and frequency of adolescent alcohol use; physiological and social consequences of use; and peer use. Results: Males and females were characterized by different alcohol use typologies and consequences. Males in the highest severity class (i.e. drank both heavily and frequently) experienced disproportionate risk of alcohol-related consequences compared with abstainers and other alcohol-using groups. Females who drank heavily when drinking even if only occasionally, experienced high risk of alcohol-related consequences. Substantial proportions of males reported diverse alcohol-related problems, whereas females most commonly reported alcohol-related problems with dating and sexual experiences. Though levels of alcohol use and report of problems associated with use were higher among white versus minority populations, other racial/ethnic differences in patterns of alcohol use were minimal. Classification in any drinking class was a strong risk factor for adolescent and adulthood illicit drug use, with heavy drinkers at greatest risk of drug use. Conclusions: Gender-specific adolescent alcohol and substance use prevention programs are warranted.
An intelligent islanding selection algorithm for optimizing the distribution network based on emergency classification

Smart islanding in outage context is one of smart grid advantages based on integration of distributed generations and evolution of communication infrastructure. Outages are caused in major cases by weather and affect an important population in the word. Renewable resource can be a solution to supply demands in islanded region and can have the role of main utility duration outage period. This paper present an efficient power management and a smart dynamic distribution network based on some decisive parameters like geographic position, uninterrupted loads, interrupted load and classification of entities that depends on the priority, like hospitals that need continuously electricity to save people's lives. The best way to have a smart distribution system is to break the grid into clusters or micro grids. In our approach we start with searching an independent layered trees based on parameters and we define some selection concept to define covered entities and some optimization strategy to decrease number of islanded micro grids. All information are collected from sensors/meters and transmitted to the regional data center for analyzing and making decision. Decisions are executed by controllers and switchers installed in each entity. We present in this paper the approach steps based on an IEEE43 bus model. A simulation is done with some hypothesis to describe more the concept with a discussion of the distribution model simulation results. The Objective is to propose a solution to power shortages problem and define a strategy to operate in an intentional-islanding context to improve public access to power and provide consumer power during emergencies and grid outage.
Exploring Neighborhood Influence in Text Classification

Standard supervised learning approaches have been widely applied on the text classification problem. These standard approaches exploit only the local content of the document. However, the additional information in the relationship between the items can be used to improve the overall accuracy of the classification process. To make use of this information, the authors propose a statistical model to capture both the contents and labels from each link the neighborhood. This link model is then incorporated with the Markov Random Field model to form the soft labeling model for text classification. This new approach has combined both the local content and the influence from the neighborhood. The results of soft labeling model on standard data sets are also promising. Moreover, the new model can be applied on not only the text classification problem but also many kinds of richly structured data sets.
Essential Role of p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase in Cathepsin K Gene Expression during Osteoclastogenesis through Association of NFATc1 and PU.1*

The receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) induces various osteoclast-specific marker genes during osteoclast differentiation mediated by mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascades. However, the results of transcriptional programming of an osteoclast-specific cathepsin K gene are inconclusive. Here we report the regulatory mechanisms of RANKL-induced cathepsin K gene expression during osteoclastogenesis in a p38 MAP kinase-dependent manner. The reporter gene analysis with sequential 5′-deletion constructs of the cathepsin K gene promoter indicates that limited sets of the transcription factors such as NFATc1, PU.1, and microphthalmia transcription factor indeed enhance synergistically the gene expression when overexpressed in RAW264 cells. In addition, the activation of p38 MAP kinase is required for the maximum enhancement of the gene expression. RANKL-induced NFATc1 forms a complex with PU.1 in nuclei of osteoclasts following the nuclear accumulation of NFATc1 phosphorylated by the activated p38 MAP kinase. These results suggest that the RANKL-induced cathepsin K gene expression is cooperatively regulated by the combination of the transcription factors and p38 MAP kinase in a gradual manner.
The consistency of posterior distributions in nonparametric problems

We give conditions that guarantee that the posterior probability of every Hellinger neighborhood of the true distribution tends to 1 almost surely. The conditions are (1) a requirement that the prior not put high mass near distributions with very rough densities and (2) a requirement that the prior put positive mass in Kullback-Leibler neighborhoods of the true distribution. The results are based on the idea of approximating the set of distributions with a finite-dimensional set of distributions with sufficiently small Hellinger bracketing metric entropy. We apply the results to some examples.
Temperature dependence of torsional and flexural modes in 6H-SiC microdisk resonators

We report on the experimental calibration of the temperature coefficient of frequency (TCf) in single crystal 6H-silicon carbide (SiC) microdisk resonators based on a smartcut technology. We vary the temperature (T) from -32oC to 125oC while monitoring the undriven thermomechanical multimode resonances of the devices using sensitive optical motion detection. Both torsional mode and flexural mode resonances are carefully examined. We observe a salient difference in TCf values for the different modes on the same device: while the TCf of torsional mode is as small as -20ppm/K, the flexural mode TCf has opposite sign and is 76ppm/K. By carefully examining the TCf of the different resonant modes, we can gain insight into the temperature stability of the material and the structure, and engineer devices with desired TCf on different modes, on which certain modes can act as temperature sensor and facilitate the compensation mechanism for the temperature-insensitive modes to achieve highly stable output.
Competitive Strategies in the Computer Industry

A firm's competitive behavior is very important for its survival. Relevant stakeholders in an industry are interested in a firm's operational as well as financial performance. In order to gain competitive advantage, a firm must remain steadfast during changes it goes through over time. This is true for the computer industry as well. The computer industry has been advancing very fast and firms in the industry are experiencing fierce competition for many reasons. This study examines the computer industry in terms of Michael Porter's framework for analyzing the profitability. The authors conduct a critical analysis of the threat of new entrants into the computer industry segment, the bargaining power of suppliers in the industry, the bargaining power of buyers in the industry, the threat of substitute products or services, and rivalry among competitors in the industry. This study has implications for incumbent firms and new entrants into the computer manufacturing industry that evaluate competitive strategies in the industry.
Resistant hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea in the setting of kidney disease

Objectives: To explore the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and resistant hypertension in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Methods: We examined sleep parameters and blood pressure (BP) in 224 community-based, non-CKD participants from the Sleep-SCORE study: 88 nondialysis-dependent CKD and 95 ESRD participants. Unattended home polysomnography with standardized scoring protocols and automated BP monitors were used. Resistant hypertension was defined as a BP of at least 140/90 mmHg despite at least three antihypertensive drugs. Results: Mean SBP of the CKD and ESRD groups were significantly higher than that of the non-CKD group [148.2 (23.8), 144.5 (26.7) vs. 132.2 mmHg (26.7), respectively; P < 0.0001] despite the use of more antihypertensive medications. The CKD and ESRD groups had higher rates of resistant hypertension than the non-CKD group (41.4, 22.6 vs. 6.7%, respectively; P < 0.0001). The severity of sleep apnea was associated with a higher risk of resistant hypertension. Although resistant hypertension was associated with severe sleep apnea in participants with ESRD [odds ratio (OR) 7.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2–23.2), there was no significant association in the non-CKD (OR 3.5, 95% CI 0.8–15.4) or CKD groups (OR 1.2, 95% CI 0.4–3.7) after accounting for case-mix. Conclusion: The association between resistant hypertension and sleep apnea appeared robust in ESRD. OSA may contribute to resistant hypertension or both may be linked to a common underlying process such as volume excess. Future studies in patients with kidney disease should further characterize the resistant hypertension–OSA relationship and determine whether treatment of underlying mechanisms may improve outcomes.
Reference data for 51Cr-EDTA measurements of the glomerular filtration rate derived from live kidney donors

Background and aim51Cr-Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (51Cr-EDTA) is widely used to measure the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for the assessment of renal function. The aims of this study were to assess the dependence of GFR on age and gender and to produce reference data for the interpretation of 51Cr-EDTA GFR measurements in adults. MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 428 subjects (218 females, 210 males; age range, 19–72 years) undergoing assessment as live kidney donors. GFR was evaluated from 51Cr-EDTA plasma clearance using blood samples taken at 2, 3 and 4 h. The slope–intercept GFR was corrected for body surface area using the Haycock formula and for the fast exponential using the Brochner–Mortensen equation. The data were analysed for the dependence on age and gender using multivariate regression analysis. Precision was evaluated from duplicate measurements in 22 subjects. ResultsFor 187 subjects, aged 19–40 years, the dependence of GFR on age was not statistically significant (P=0.51). The mean GFR was 103.4 ml·min−1·(1.73 m2)−1 with a root mean standard error (RMSE) of 15.5 ml·min−1·(1.73 m2)−1. GFR was 1.3 ml·min−1·(1.73 m2)−1 higher in men than in women, although the difference was not significant (P=0.56). In 241 subjects, aged 40–73 years, GFR decreased by 0.91 ml·min−1·(1.73 m2)−1 per year [standard error, 0.06 ml·min−1·(1.73 m2)−1 per year] with an RMSE of 13.6 ml·min−1·(1.73 m2)−1. Over both age groups GFR was 0.4 ml·min−1·(1.73 m2)−1 higher in men than in women [P=0.80; 95% confidence interval, −2.4 to +3.1 ml·min−1·(1.73 m2)−1]. For the 22 subjects with duplicate measurements, the root mean square coefficient of variation was 10.4%. ConclusionsA model for the decline of GFR with age was produced in which GFR remains constant at 103.4 ml·min−1·(1.73 m2)−1 until the age of 40 years and then declines at a rate of 9.1 ml·min−1·(1.73 m2)−1 per decade. The data can be used to report the results of adult 51Cr-EDTA GFR investigations.
Analysing a simple language model·some general conclusions for language models for speech recognition

Abstract Language models for speech recognition frequently differ in the way they deal with unknown words or in the size of their vocabulary. We show that this can distort the resulting perplexity, the measure commonly used to evaluate language models. We argue that this should generally be kept in mind when comparing language models using this measure and we also present some solutions to this problem. The main goal of this paper, however, is to propose a way of evaluating and improving existing language models for speech recognition. To this end, it introduces a method to measure which parts of a language model perform particularly well or poorly. In our view, this information is very important and can be a valuable help in steering future research efforts. We apply the proposed method to a commonly used language model (bi-pos) and present the results that will be helpful in directing future work. We also introduce a new modeling for unknown words which leads to a reduction in perplexity of at least 14%.
Design of a linearly-polarized 3-bit transmitarray antenna at 60 GHz

This paper presents the design of a linearly-polarized transmit array antenna at V-band. The array is based on a 3-bit unit-cell composed of two patch antennas printed on two substrates and isolated by a ground plane printed on an inner layer of the dielectric stack. A 10λ-diameter (20 unit-cells on the vertical and horizontal axes) flat array has been optimized using an ad-hoc tool based on analytical formulas and unit-cell/focal source electromagnetic simulations. The design has been validated through 3D electromagnetic simulations. An aperture efficiency of 39% and a 1-dB bandwidth of 9% have been obtained in good agreement with the numerical results.