Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relative Contributions of Bacteria and Fungi to Rates of Degradation of Lignocellulosic Detritus in Salt-Marsh Sediments

Specifically radiolabeled [14C-lignin]lignocellulose and [14C-polysaccharide]lignocellulose from the salt-marsh cordgrass Spartina alterniflora were incubated with an intact salt-marsh sediment microbial assemblage, with a mixed (size-fractionated) bacterial assemblage, and with each of three marine fungi, Buergenerula spartinae, Phaeosphaeria typharum, and Leptosphaeria obiones, isolated from decaying S. alterniflora. The bacterial assemblage alone mineralized the lignin and polysaccharide components of S. alterniflora lignocellulose at approximately the same rate as did intact salt-marsh sediment inocula. The polysaccharide component was mineralized twice as fast as the lignin component; after 23 days of incubation, ca. 10% of the lignin component and 20% of the polysaccharide component of S. alterniflora lignocellulose were mineralized. Relative to the total sediment and bacterial inocula, the three species of fungi mediated only very slow mineralization of the lignin and polysaccharide components of S. alterniflora lignocellulose. Experiments with uniformly 14C-labeled S. alterniflora material indicated that the three fungi and the bacterial assemblage were capable of degrading the non-lignocellulosic fraction of S. alterniflora material, but only the bacterial assemblage significantly degraded the lignocellulosic fraction. Our results suggest that bacteria are the predominant degraders of lignocellulosic detritus in salt-marsh sediments.
An integrated placement and synthesis approach for timing closure of PowerPC/sup TM/ microprocessors

This paper describes an approach for tight integration between a synthesis and a placement tool. The purpose of this integration is to improve timing convergence of advanced microprocessors. It is shown that this approach results in "legal" placements with, in general, lower delay, and design size. More significantly, the number of iterations to reach a timing closure is reduced drastically. The wire length estimates that are being used to traditionally drive the timing optimization in synthesis are inadequate. Instead, the integrated approach leads to enhanced results as well as faster timing convergence. The impact of various parameters in synthesis and placement on the final results is shown.
IsoQuest Inc.: Description of the NetOwl

IsoQuest used its commercial software product, NetOwl Extractor, for the MUC-7 Named Entity task. The product consists of a high-speed C engine that analyzes text based on a configuration file containing a pattern rule base and lexicon. IsoQuest used the NameTag Configuration to recognize proper names and other key phrases in text, and mapped the product’s extraction tags to the MUC-7 NE tags. NetOwl Extractor provides access to the extracted information through a flexible API, and IsoQuest used a small application program to process the documents and write the SGML output.
Summarizing developer work history using time series segmentation: challenge report

Temporal segmentation partitions time series data with the intent of producing more homogeneous segments. It is a technique used to preprocess data so that subsequent time series analysis on individual segments can detect trends that may not be evident when performing time series analysis on the entire dataset. This technique allows data miners to partition a large dataset without making any assumption of periodicity or any other a priori knowledge of the dataset's features. We investigate the insights that can be gained from the application of time series segmentation to software version repositories. Software version repositories from large projects contain on the order of hundreds of thousands of timestamped entries or more. It is a continuing challenge to aggregate such data so that noise is reduced and important characteristics are brought out. In this paper, we present a way to summarize developer work history in terms of the files they have modified over time by segmenting the CVS change data of individual Eclipse developers. We show that the files they modify tends to change significantly over time though most of them tend to work within the same directories.
Outcomes of Breast Conserving Surgery With Immediate Vicryl‐Mesh Insertion: Is It Safe And Effective?

Abstract: Although breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) has become a standard for breast‐cancer surgery with improved cosmetic outcomes, there have been many attempts to achieve superior results. Vicryl‐mesh insertion, one such method, is a simple technique involving a relatively short period of time. However, doubts regarding its safety and efficacy remain. Therefore, we attempted to analyze the aesthetic outcomes, patient satisfaction, and safety with respect to Vicryl mesh. From May 2007 to March 2009, 38 patients underwent BCS with immediate Vicryl‐mesh insertion at Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea. In the same period, 31 patients who underwent BCS for breast cancer were randomly selected as a control group. Five patients who underwent BCS with Vicryl‐mesh insertion were excluded because they were lost to follow‐up shortly after surgery. Retrospective analysis of patient records and oral interviews were performed. We analyzed patients’ overall satisfaction, postoperative satisfaction with breast shape, pain, and postoperative complications in the two groups. The mean age, body mass index, follow‐up period, specimen size, and ratio of benign to malignant tumors did not differ significantly between the two groups. With regard to tumor location, more tumors were in the upper and lower inner portions of the breast among patients who underwent BCS with Vicryl mesh. There were no significant differences in overall satisfaction or satisfaction with breast shape (p > 0.05), but differences in pain scores were significant (p = 0.016). In terms of the complication rate, four cases with complications (11.8%) were observed in the Vicryl‐mesh group and no complications in the BCS‐only group. Vicryl‐mesh insertion showed a higher complication rate and no cosmetic gain. Therefore, we believe that Vicryl‐mesh insertion should be performed carefully. In addition, studies involving many more cases and longer follow‐up periods are needed.
High capacity watermark embedding based on local invariant features

A novel robust image watermarking scheme is presented to embed a high capacity watermark into the feature point based characteristic regions. The watermark embedding positions are first determined by the scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) based local circular regions. Then the binary watermark image is embedded by quantization in the Non-subsampled Contourlet Transform (NSCT) domain. In order to achieve rotation invariance, the watermark is embedded adaptively to the orientation of the region. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve high invisibility and it can efficiently resist traditional signal processing attacks and geometric attacks.
Mushaca: A 3-Degrees-of-Freedom Mouse Supporting Rotation

Based on kinesiology research demonstrating that translation and rotation are inseparable actions in the physical world, we present Mushaca, a 3-degrees-of-freedom mouse that senses rotation in addition to traditional planar position. We present an optical realization of the Mushaca device based on two optical sensors and then evaluate the device through a series of controlled experiments. Our results show that rotation is indeed a useful input modality for a pointing device, and also give some insight into how users perceive the changing coordinate system of the rotating mouse and adapt to this change through kinesthetic learning.
Same‐day prenatal diagnosis of common chromosomal aneuploidies using microfluidics‐fluorescence in situ hybridization

Rapid molecular prenatal diagnostic methods, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), quantitative fluorescence‐PCR, and multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification, can detect common fetal aneuploidies within 24 to 48 h. However, specific diagnosis or aneuploidy exclusion should be ideally available within the same day as fetal sampling to alleviate parental anxiety. Microfluidic technologies integrate different steps into a microchip, saving time and costs. We have developed a cost‐effective, same‐day prenatal diagnostic FISH assay using microfluidics. Amniotic fluids (1–4 mL from 40 pregnant women at 15–22 weeks of gestation) were fixed with Carnoy's before loading into the microchannels of a microfluidic FISH‐integrated nanostructured device. The glass slides were coated with nanostructured titanium dioxide to facilitate cell adhesion. Pretreatment and hybridization were performed within the microchannels. Fifty nuclei were counted by two independent analysts, and all results were validated with their respective karyotypes. Of the 40 samples, we found three cases of fetal aneuploidies (trisomies 13, 18, and 21), whereas the remaining 37 cases were normal. Results were concordant with their karyotypes and ready to be released within 3 h of sample receipt. Microfluidic FISH, using 20‐fold less than the recommended amount of probe, is a cost‐effective method to diagnose common fetal aneuploidies within the same day of fetal sampling. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Construction of a heterologous gene expression system in the banana rhizobacterium strain GW-3 and its colonization ability

Rhizobacteria inhabiting the rhizosphere are beneficial to their host plants, and can potentially serve as biocontrol agents to control plant diseases. We isolated the rhizobacterium strain GW-3, which was the dominant bacterium in the rhizosphere soils of healthy banana plants. Then, we constructed an expression system with a kanamycin resistance gene to express a heterologous protein in GW-3. Using the green fluorescent protein gene as the reporter, we monitored expression of the heterologous protein by detecting fluorescence intensity and conducting western blot analyses. The standard fluorescence intensity of the recombinant strain reached 1,482 ± 3.49 RFU. To study the colonization ability of GW-3, we inoculated this bacterium into sterilized and unsterilized rhizosphere soils and monitored the bacterial population over 25 days. The populations of GW-3 in rhizosphere soils first increased, then decreased, and finally reached a balance. Laser scanning confocal microscope analyses of fluorescence in banana roots after inoculation with GW-3 confirmed that the recombinant GW-3 strain stably colonized banana root surfaces. Analyses of the bacterial population in unsterilized rhizosphere soils showed that the recombinant GW-3 strain was still the dominant bacterium in banana rhizosphere soils at 25 days after inoculation. Together, these results showed that this expression system can be used to express a heterologous protein at high levels in a dominant rhizobacterium. By incorporating relevant resistance genes into the expression system, this method could be used to genetically engineer GW-3 to control banana wilt disease.
A High-Efficiency Split–Merge Charge Pump for Solar Energy Harvesting

An energy-efficient charge pump (CP) for solar energy harvesting is presented. A multistep split–merge charge transfer operation is introduced to replace the traditional one-step charge transfer process. Theoretically, this method increases the amount of charge transferred by up to 26% while reducing the Joule heat power loss by up to 7%. A five-stage complementary split–merge CP was designed and fabricated in a 0.13-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu\text{m}$</tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS process. Measured results show an averaged 15.2% improvement of power conversion efficiency and a 1/8-fold reduction of output voltage ripple.
Class Imbalance Problem in Data Mining using Probabilistic Approach

Class imbalance problem are raised when one class having maximum number of examples than other classes. The classical classifiers of balance datasets cannot deal with the class imbalance problem because they pay more attention to the majority class. The main drawback associated with it majority class is loss of important information. The Class imbalance problem is a difficult due to the amount and nature of data. This paper focuses different methods of class imbalance problem. It is been considered the majority class to achieve the class imbalanced problem. This paper mainly focuses the minority class sample to achieve the problem and proposed method for class imbalance problem using minority sample data. The oversampling and undersampling both concept were used to identify the correct class label of the sample using probabilistic approach, the main objective of this paper, to proposed method to minimize the misclassification rate of minority class sample, balance and classify the data more accurately thereby improving the performance of classifier.
Adsorption Kinetic, Thermodynamic, and Desorption Studies of Isopropyl Alcohol Vapor by Oxidized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Abstract Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were oxidized by sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution and used as adsorbents to study adsorption kinetics, thermodynamics, and desorption of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) vapor in an airstream. The adsorption capacity of IPA decreased with temperature, indicating an exothermic nature of the adsorption process, and slightly decreased with relative humidity, showing a hydrophobic nature of the adsorbent surface. The adsorption mechanism appears mainly attributable to physical forces from 5 to 25 °C but appears primarily attributable to chemical forces from 25 to 35 °C. A comparative study on the cyclic IPA adsorption between SWCNTs(NaOCl) and granular activated carbon, GAC(NaOCl), was also conducted and the results revealed that the SWCNTs(NaOCl) show better repeated availability of IPA adsorption during 15 cycles of operation than the GAC(NaOCl). This suggests that the SWCNTs(NaOCl) are efficient IPA adsorbents and can be used in the prolonged cyclic adsorption/desorption operation.
Throughput Analysis of an Energy Harvesting Multichannel System Under Delay and Energy Storage Constraints

High power to guarantee strict performance requirement and low power to avoid energy depletion result in an inevitable conflict for a renewable energy harvesting communication system with finite energy storage. This paper proposes a generic approach to study the per-flow performance in such a multichannel system multiplexed by multiple flows. The queueing delay constraint and energy storage constraint are constructed to express the probabilistic bound of queuing delay and that of energy depletion, respectively. We study these constraints with the statistical information of the processes, including traffic arrivals and service, energy harvesting, and consumption. The lower bound of the long-term maximum per-flow throughput is then derived to meet the constraints under a specific system. The accuracy of the proposed approach is validated by simulation experiments. The analysis reveals how the sustained throughput is affected by various factors, such as the queueing delay and energy storage constraints, the packet size, the energy block size, the traffic scheduling schemes, the bandwidth allocation schemes as well as the interdependence among the channel service processes. Particularly, the analysis also provides valuable insight into traffic admission control from the viewpoint of small queueing delay and finite energy storage.
Three-Dimensional Through-Wall Imaging Under Ambiguous Wall Parameters

A through-wall imaging problem for a 3-D geometry is considered. Scatterers are located beyond a wall represented by a dielectric slab whose features are unknown or known with some degree of uncertainty. A two-step imaging procedure is presented. First, the thickness and the dielectric permittivity of the wall are estimated by a simple procedure which takes into account that actual measurements concern the total scattered field (i.e., the field reflected by the wall plus the one scattered by the obscured scatterers). Then, the problem is cast as a linear inverse scattering problem and solved by means of a truncated-singular value decomposition algorithm. In particular, a 2-D sliced approach is employed to obtain the 3-D scene. Numerical examples are shown to assess the effectiveness of the reconstruction procedure.
Identification of microsatellite loci in the water‐rat Nectomys squamipes (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae)

There is considerable uncertainty surrounding the taxonomic relationship between Cynopterus sphinx and C. brachyotis, and the status of the many named forms within C. sphinx (Storz & Kunz 1999). Polymorphic microsatellite markers for cynopterine fruit bats would greatly aid efforts to elucidate species boundaries and genetic correlates of morphological variation within species. To assess levels of variation in C. sphinx and C. brachyotis, microsatellite genotypes were obtained for a total of 731 bats (620 C. sphinx and 111 C. brachyotis).
Lemaza : An Arabic why-question answering system*

Abstract Question answering systems retrieve information from documents in response to queries. Most of the questions are who- and what-type questions that deal with named entities. A less common and more challenging question to deal with is the why -question. In this paper, we introduce Lemaza (Arabic for why), a system for automatically answering why -questions for Arabic texts. The system is composed of four main components that make use of the Rhetorical Structure Theory. To evaluate Lemaza, we prepared a set of why -question–answer pairs whose answer can be found in a corpus that we compiled out of Open Source Arabic Corpora. Lemaza performed best when the stop-words were not removed. The performance measure was 72.7%, 79.2% and 78.7% for recall, precision and c@1, respectively.
Grey Decision on Oil Distillation Exchangers Rebuilding Project

The exchangers on the top of distillation tower exposed to wash erosion seriously when Shengli refinery processed Middle-east crude oil. Considered the heat transfer efficiency, manufacture fee, maintenance fee, manufacture difficulty and safety in exchangers rebuilding project, established mathematics model with grey system theory, and carried on grey decision. Grey incidence decision shows that the helix-baffled structure with 20 carbon steel aluminizing tube is the preferential plan, then is helix-baffled structure with 20+TH847 tube, common structure with 20 carbon steel aluminizing tube, common structure with 20+TH847 tube. In general, helix-baffled structure is better than general contractures, should take action to lower the fabricate difficulty of helix-baffled exchangers.
Simple observer for induction motor speed sensorless control

The paper presents a speed sensorless field oriented control drive of the induction motor operating within a wide speed range. Easy and convenient for industrial application, a new structure of both flux and speed estimation is proposed. The flux computation block uses simple relations mainly based on stator circuit equations with easily accessible feedback signals to improve the operation range and system robustness. The observer is appropriate for a wide speed range, including the lower region of the stator frequency and very high speed as well. The proposed approach ensures the possibility of the sensorless drive operation without an accurate modeling of the inverter nonlinearities or on-line parameter adaptation, thus offering a simple and robust solution. The effectiveness of the system with the new observer structure has been verified by experiments.
Free vascularized fibular grafts in Type 3 open tibia fractures.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the results and complications of free vascularized fibular grafting (FVFG) for the reconstruction of bone defects in Gustilo Type 3 open tibia fractures. METHODS Free vascularized fibular grafting was performed on open tibia fractures with a bone defect of an average of 10 (range: 6 to 18) cm in 21 patients (19 males, 2 females; mean age: 32 years; range: 16 to 47 years). Primary FVFG was performed for 15 patients with open fractures and secondary FVFG in 6 patients with osteomyelitis due to open fractures or defective nonunions. Bony unions were evaluated retrospectively. At a mean follow-up time of 74 (range: 18 to 216) months, 18 patients were examined for malalignment, shortness, and range of motion. Quality of life was evaluated using the Short Form 36 (SF-36). RESULTS Mean bony union times for the proximal and distal fibula were 19 (range: 16 to 24) weeks and 20 (range: 16 to 28) weeks, respectively. Proximal nonunion was detected in three patients. Mean external fixation removal time was 6.3 (range: 3 to 14) months. Stress fractures occurred in 15 patients following fixator removal. Malalignment of over 5 degrees was detected in 7 patients and shortness over 2 cm was detected in 4 patients. SF-36 scores were significantly lower in the domains of physical functioning, role limitation due to physical problems, bodily pain, general perception of health, social function, and role limitation due to emotional problems. Mental health, energy and vitality were similar to the healthy reference group. CONCLUSION Free vascularized fibular grafting appears to be a reliable and effective method for reconstructing bone defects and soft tissue defects in a single session in open tibia fractures.
Optical performance of variable attenuation in large-scale 3-D MEMS-based photonic cross-connects

The optical performance of variable attenuation by detuning the mirrors in a large-scale three-dimensional microelectromechanical-system-based photonic cross-connect for dense wavelength-division-multiplexed channel equalization is investigated. At attenuation levels up to 20 dB, better than 0.2-dB optical stability and 50-dB channel isolation are observed for both low- and high-angle connections. Penalty-free transmission is achieved for a cascade of attenuated paths when both the input and output mirrors are simultaneously detuned.
Treatment with the HIV protease inhibitor nelfinavir triggers the unfolded protein response and may overcome proteasome inhibitor resistance of multiple myeloma in combination with bortezomib: a phase I trial (SAKK 65/08)

Downregulation of the unfolded protein response mediates proteasome inhibitor resistance in multiple myeloma. The Human Immunodeficieny Virus protease inhibitor nelfinavir activates the unfolded protein response in vitro. We determined dose-limiting toxicity and recommended dose for phase II of nelfinavir in combination with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Twelve patients with advanced hematologic malignancies were treated with nelfinavir (2500–5000 mg/day p.o., days 1–14, 3+3 dose escalation) and bortezomib (1.3 mg/m2, days 1, 4, 8, 11; 21-day cycles). A run in phase with nelfinavir monotherapy allowed pharmakokinetic/pharmakodynamic assessment of nelfinavir in the presence or absence of concomittant bortezomib. End points included dose-limiting toxicity, activation of the unfolded protein response, proteasome activity, toxicity and response to trial treatment. Nelfinavir 2×2500 mg was the recommended phase II dose identified. Nelfinavir alone significantly up-regulated expression of proteins related to the unfolded protein response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and inhibited proteasome activity. Of 10 evaluable patients in the dose escalation cohort, 3 achieved a partial response, 4 stable disease for 2 cycles or more, while 3 had progressive disease as best response. In an exploratory extension cohort with 6 relapsed, bortezomib-refractory, lenalidomide-resistant myeloma patients treated at the recommended phase II dose, 3 reached a partial response, 2 a minor response, and one progressive disease. The combination of nelfinavir with bortezomib is safe and shows promising activity in advanced, bortezomib-refractory multiple myeloma. Induction of the unfolded protein response by nelfinavir may overcome the biological features of proteasome inhibitor resistance.