Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vitamin K status in cystic fibrosis

Appearance of PIVKA‐II (protein induced by vitamin K absence‐II) in serum is a biochemical sign of insufficient vitamin K‐dependent carboxylation of prothrombin. Plasma concentrations of PIVKA‐II and vitamin K1, were determined in 24 children with cystic fibrosis. Eight were supplemented with vitamin K1. The purpose of the study was to determine the occurrence of vitamin K deficiency in cystic fibrosis and to evaluate the effect of vitamin K supplementation. PIVKA‐II was detectable in only one unsupplemented child. In this patient, the concentration of vitamin K1 was below the limit of detection of 60 ng/l. Vitamin K1 levels in the other unsupplemented children were normal (mean 476 ng/l= 1 mmol/l). The supplemented patients showed extremely high levels of vitamin K1 (mean 22 445 ng/l = 50 nmol/l). In conclusion, vitamin K deficiency occurs infrequently in cystic fibrosis. Checking the coagulation system is advised, but routine vitamin K supplementation is not recommended. If additional vitamin K is needed, the starting dose should not exceed 1 mg daily.
Privacy-Secure Digital Watermarking for Fair Content Trading

This chapter describes a privacy-secure digital watermarking scheme for fair content trading against cybercrime on digital content piracy and privacy leakage. Conventional digital watermarking schemes are effective only for providers since privacy of a client is not concerned though content is protected. Provider’s security as well as client’s security need to be considered to enhance security level of privacy management. Blind and Pseudo-blind watermarking schemes utilizing encryption and media processing respectively are the solutions to protect client’s security.
Enhancement of antibody-dependent cytotoxicity with a chimeric anti-GD2 antibody.

A mouse/human chimeric antibody (ch14.18) was developed that reacts with the disialoganglioside GD2 on the surface of tumor cells of neuroectodermal origin. ch14.18 has the constant regions of a human IgG1 antibody and was expressed in a murine hybridoma. This antibody was produced in tissue culture at concentrations up to 180 mg/liter of spent culture fluid. ch14.18 was characterized and compared to 14.G2a, a murine mAb against GD2 of IgG2a isotype derived from the same parental hybridoma as ch14.18. Scatchard plot analysis of data from saturation binding studies on M21 melanoma cells showed identical binding for ch14.18 and 14.G2a. Indirect immunofluorescence revealed the same staining pattern for ch14.18 and 14.G2a on different melanoma cell lines. Both antibodies were equally capable of targeting M21 xenografts in athymic nude mice. ch14.18- and 14.G2a-activated human C-mediated cytolysis of melanoma cell; however, ch14.18-mediated antibody-dependent cytotoxicity of human effector cells against melanoma cells 50- to 100-fold more efficiently than 14.G2a.
Signed Syslog Messages

This document describes syslog-sign, a mechanism adding origin authentication, message integrity, replay-resistance, message sequencing, and detection of missing messages to syslog. Syslog-sign provides these security features in a way that has minimal requirements and minimal impact on existing syslog implementations. It is possible to support syslog-sign and gain some of its security attributes by only changing the behavior of the devices generating syslog messages. Some additional processing of the received syslog messages and the syslog-sign messages on the relays and collectors may realize additional security benefits.
GA based selection and parameter optimization for an SVM based underwater target classifier

Underwater target classification is a very demanding task owing to ever changing complicated nature of the underwater communication channels. Underwater target classification system identifies targets from a mixture of underwater events by its characteristic signature. The characteristic signatures pertaining to each target are patterned by feature recognition algorithms operating on hydrophone captured data. In this paper, an SVM target classifier is used to distinguish between targets of 4 acoustic classes. The performance of the classifier is improved by automating the selection of optimal algorithmic parameters. This paper attempts towards optimal selection of SVM parameters, kernel and kernel parameters using genetic algorithm.
滲透殺虫剤(Systemic insecticides)と有機燐化合物

S y s t e m i c in sec t ic ides-com p ounds which can be absorbed readily by plant foliage and roots and subsequently translocated throughout the plant-render the plant tissues poisonous or unpalatable to juice feeding insect pests. +, Systemics have proved effective in controlling aphids and mites on annual crops-such as greenhouse plants, cotton, hops-and their possibilities for the control of juice feeding citrus insects are under study in a comprehensive research program at Riverside. The Divisions of Entomology and Plant Physiology of the University of California Citrus Experiment Station are co-operating. Inasmuch as systemic action has been found to some degree in several organic phosphorus and fluorine compounds, it was necessary-for the citrus pest investigations-to devise a satisfactory method for the quantitative estimation of systemic action.
The Functional Organization of the Sensorimotor Region of the Subthalamic Nucleus

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is viewed by many as the ultimate therapy targeting severe advanced stages of Parkinson’s disease (PD). A fundamental constituent of the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of DBS is clearly the functional organization of the STN; however, there is limited understanding of the organization of this structure in humans. Data from primates suggest that different domains can be identified in the STN, including a sensorimotor area with a segregated body map, as well as nonmotor areas. Recent clinical studies have used microelectrode recording to investigate the presence of a body map in the sensorimotor STN of PD patients. This paper will review and compare experimental and clinical data regarding the functional organization of the STN and discuss the clinical implications for PD patients undergoing STN DBS.
Monocarboxylate transporter 1 is a key player in glioma‐endothelial cell crosstalk

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most glycolytic and angiogenic human tumors, characteristics that contribute to the poor prognosis associated with this type of tumor. A lactate shuttle has been described between tumor cells and endothelial cells (ECs), with the monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) acting as important players in this tumor‐EC communication. In this study, we aimed to understand how the tumor microenvironment modulates EC metabolism, and to characterize the role of MCTs in the glioma‐brain EC crosstalk. Exposure of human brain microvascular ECs (HBMEC) to GBM cell‐conditioned media increased the expression of MCT1, which corresponded to activation of oxidative metabolism and an increase in angiogenic capacity, as determined by increased proliferation, migration, and vessel assembly. Lactate depletion from the microenvironment or inhibition of lactate uptake in HBMEC induced an increase in lactate production and a decrease in proliferation, migration, and vessel assembly. Moreover, addition of lactate to HBMEC media promoted activation of AKT and AMPK pathways and increased expression in NFκB, HIF‐1α, and the lactate receptor GPR81. Here, we demonstrate a role for MCT1 as a mediator of lactate signaling between glioma cells and brain ECs. Our results suggest that MCT1 can mediate EC metabolic reprograming, proliferation, and vessel sprouting in response to tumor signaling. Thus, targeting MCT1 in both tumor cells and brain EC may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of GBM.
Enhanced CACTVS Browser of the Open NCI Database

A Web-based, graphical user interface has been developed to conduct rapid searches by numerous criteria in the more than 250,000 structures of the Open NCI Database. It is based on the chemistry information toolkit CACTVS. Nearly all structures and anticancer and anti-HIV screening data provided by NCI's Developmental Therapeutics Program have been included. This data set has been augmented by a large amount of additional, mostly computed, data, such as calculated log P values, predicted biological activities, systematically determined names, and others. Complex boolean searches are possible. Flexible substructure searches have been implemented. The user can conduct 3D pharmacophore queries in up to 25 conformations precalculated for each compound. Numerous output formats as well as 2D and 3D visualization options are provided. It is possible to export search results in various forms and with choices for data contents in the exported files, for structure sets ranging in size from a single compound to the entire database. Only a Web browser is needed to use this service, with a few plug-ins being useful but optional.
Cryofracturing as a technique for the study of fungal structures in the scanning electron microscope.

When freeze-fractured fungal structures are critical point dried and then examined in the scanning electron microscope a number of structures are evident that are obscured by other techniques. A comparison 6f freeze-fracture to the techniques of razor blade sectioning and microtomy of wax-embedded or plastic-embedded material was carried out or reviewed from the literature. In most cases superior results can be obtained with the cryofracture technique followed by critical point drying.
A 72 dB-DR 465 MHz-BW Continuous-Time 1-2 MASH ADC in 28 nm CMOS

This paper presents a continuous-time (CT) multi-stage noise-shaping (MASH) ADC in 28 nm CMOS. The MASH ADC uses a first-order front-end stage to digitize the input signal and a second-order back-end stage to digitize the quantization noise of the coarse flash ADC inside the front-end. An RC lattice filter and a current-steering DAC are utilized to extract the front-end coarse quantization residue. The prototype MASH ADC chip built in a 28 nm CMOS process is clocked at 8 GHz with an OSR of 8.6, providing a signal bandwidth of 465 MHz. The ADC achieves a DR of 72 dB and an average small-signal NSD of -160 dBFS/Hz. The peak SNR is 68 dB and the peak SNDR is 67 dB. The IM3 is -88 dBFS with two -9 dBFS tones at the band edge. The ADC consumes 890 mW of power from +1.8/1.0/-1.0 V supplies and achieves a thermal noise FOM of 159 dB.
Ontogenic expression of putative feeding peptides in the rat fetal brain and placenta

Abstract The well-demonstrated “fetal programming” paradigm is based on the observation that environmental changes can reset the developmental path and thus, gene expression during intrauterine development. As appetite-regulatory neural pathways develop in utero, we sought to determine the ontogenic expression of putative orexigenic and anorexigenic feeding-regulatory peptides in the fetal rat brain and placenta during the last third of gestation. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats ( n = 12) at D14, D16 and D18 were sacrificed and fetal whole brain and placenta removed and examined for mRNA levels of orexigenic (neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related peptide (AgRP)) and anorexigenic (cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)) peptides and leptin receptor (OB-Rb) using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR). For adult comparisons, the hypothalamus, cortex and cerebellum from male rats were also examined for feeding peptides. In the fetal brain and placenta, mRNA levels of AgRP decreased 10-fold from D14 to D16 and was undetectable at D18. Appetite inhibitory factors OB-Rb and CART mRNA levels increased from D14 to D18 in the brain and placenta. NPY and POMC expression remained unchanged from D14 to D18. The pattern of expression of feeding regulatory peptides in the fetal brain most closely resembled the expression profile of the adult cerebral cortex. The continued maturation of feeding regulatory mechanisms in late gestation indicates the potential for in utero programming of ingestive behavior.
How Precise is Neuronal Synchronization?

Recent work suggests that synchronization of neuronal activity could serve to define functionally relevant relationships between spatially distributed cortical neurons. At present, it is not known to what extent this hypothesis is compatible with the widely supported notion of coarse coding, which assumes that features of a stimulus are represented by the graded responses of a population of optimally and suboptimally activated cells. To resolve this issue we investigated the temporal relationship between responses of optimally and suboptimally stimulated neurons in area 17 of cat visual cortex. We find that optimally and suboptimally activated cells can synchronize their responses with a precision of a few milliseconds. However, there are consistent and systematic deviations of the phase relations from zero phase lag. Systematic variation of the orientation of visual stimuli shows that optimally driven neurons tend to lead over suboptimally activated cells. The observed phase lag depends linearly on the stimulus orientation and is, in addition, proportional to the difference between the preferred orientations of the recorded cells. Similar effects occur when testing the influence of the movement direction and the spatial frequency of visual stimuli. These results suggest that binding by synchrony can be used to define assemblies of neurons representing a coarse-coded stimulus. Furthermore, they allow a quantitative test of neuronal network models designed to reproduce physiological results on stimulus-specific synchronization.
Bystander Intervention and Fear of Crime

From the perspective of prosocial behavior, bystander intervention is conditioned by situational factors; from an informal social control perspective, bystander intervention has been demonstrated to be associated with level of crime and violence at the community level. By drawing on findings in two contrasting communities within a Chinese city, this study investigates the effects of fear of crime and type of community on bystander intervention. It shows that fear of crime and type of community have robust and consistent effects on bystander intervention, controlling for demographic characteristics including sex, age, and education. The implications of the findings are discussed in terms of bystander intervention as both prosocial behavior and informal social control. The findings also question the usefulness of simply casting bystander nonintervention as corrupted morality in China.
Peer review and the changing research record

Misrepresentation in research is clearly a problem today. In the environment of big science, with accelerating competition, increased rewards for discovery and uncertainties of long‐range outcome, two important checks on quality control—peer review and the replication of results—are more difficult to accomplish effectively. Additionally, the new information technology now enables scientists to communicate outside established channels where their work is judged. However, it is argued that science is a self‐correcting system and errors that are inadvertent or deliberate will be corrected over time. © 1990 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Geometric algorithms and data representation for solid freeform fabrication

Solid freeform fabrication (SFF) refers to a class of technologies used for making rapid prototypes of 3-D parts. With these processes, a triangulated boundary representation of the CAD model of the part is “sliced” into horizontal 2.5-D layers of uniform thickness that are successively deposited, hardened, fused, or cut, depending on the particular process, and attached to the layer beneath. The stacked layers form the final part. The current de facto standard interface to these machines, STL, has many shortcomings. We have developed a new “Solid Interchange Format” (SIF) for use as a digital interface to SFF machines. SIF includes constructs for specifying surface and volume properties, precision information, and transmitting unevaluated Boolean trees. We have also developed a 2-D variant, LSIF (Layered SIF), for describing the sliced layers. Many solid modeling applications require information not only about the geometry of an object but also about its “topology”—the connectivity of its faces, edges, and vertices. We have designed a new topological data structure, the loop edge data structure (LEDS), specifically targeted at supporting SFF software. For very large data sets, the topological data structure itself can be bigger than core memory, and a naive algorithm for building it becomes prohibitively slow due to memory thrashing. We have developed an algorithm for building the LEDS efficiently from a boundary representation, even when it doesn't fit in main memory, improving software performance for highly tessellated parts by two orders of magnitude. We have implemented an analysis and cleanup tool for faceted B-reps on top of this data structure. The analysis module reports basic topological information about the part and checks the boundary for cracks. The cleanup module closes cracks via intelligent vertex merging. We have developed a new sweep-plane slicing algorithm that also operates on the LEDS. Our slicer outputs LSIF, passing along the unevaluated booleans to be resolved at the 2-D level. This slicer exploits the coherence between the finely spaced parallel slices needed for SFF process planning and fabrication. Its performance is two to three times faster than that of a comparison commercial STL slicer on typical parts.
Transport Characteristics of Si Nanowires in Bulk Silicon and SOI Wafers

Silicon nanowires (SiNW) were fabricated on bulk Silicon and SOI wafers by means of conventional Si process technology. The nanowires were formed by stress-limited oxidation of Si beams pre-patterned on the wafer. Single or double vertically self-aligned wires were obtained depending on the bulk or SOI wafer used and also on the depth of silicon beam etched. The resulting nanowires exhibit triangular cross-section that can be converted to circular shape by annealing at high temperatures, exploiting the visco-elastic properties of SiO2and Si. Electrical measurements on single nanowire show that the resistance scales with length demonstrating consistent cross-sectional dimension in wires of different length. The nanowires formed on SOI wafers were also characterized as channels in FET configuration, using substrate as gate electrode. This technique can be exploited for realizing several nano-electronics, NEMS and biosensor applications in bulk silicon or SOI wafers, all in a CMOS compatible manner.
A New Statistical Approach to Fuzzy Identification of Nonlinear Stochastic Processes

In this paper, a novel statistical approach is proposed for identification of nonlinear stochastic processes. This approach is really a statistical extension of the fuzzy identification methods, developed by Sugeno and his colleagues. The main and new feature of the proposed approach is the statistical criteria of linearity, for decomposition of the state space into linear fuzzy subspaces. This is done via a series of hypothesis testing procedures. These statistical criteria are more reliable and meaningful for stochastic processes, than the unbiasedness criterion, used by other authors. We have applied this method to a stock price time series; and have compared its prediction results with the prediction results of a conventional linear stochastic model. The obtained results are satisfactory, as was expected.
Pyridine nucleotides in glucose metabolism and diabetes: a review

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its derivatives NADH, NADP and NADPH have regulatory functions in the generation of triose phosphates and pyruvate from glucose. In many studies of the influence of the diabetic state on relationships between pyridine nucleotide and glucose metabolism, the focus has been on the sorbitol pathway. Less attention has been paid to other aspects of the role of pyridine nucleotides in pyruvate formation from glucose, in particular the effects of the NAD precursors nicotinamide and nicotinic acid on glucose metabolism. This paper reviews current knowledge of the involvement of pyridine nucleotides and their precursors in glucose catabolism in the normal and diabetic state.
Aperture-coupled 2×2 microstrip antenna array for 60 GHz applications

A 60 GHz 2×2 planar microstrip antenna array is proposed. An aperture-coupled feeding technique with inclined rectangular slots has been used to ensure equal coupling to each radiating patch. After optimization by a CST MWS simulation tool, a prototype antenna is fabricated and measured. The results show good agreement between simulations and measurements. The proposed antenna exhibits a maximum realized gain of 12.4 dB at 60 GHz, and 3 GHz 2:1 VSWR impedance bandwidth with about 90 % total efficiency. These characteristics make this antenna suitable for short-range high-speed wireless communications.
Diversity of Planctomycetes in Soil in Relation to Soil History and Environmental Heterogeneity

ABSTRACT Members of the Planctomycetes, which were once thought to occur primarily in aquatic environments, have been discovered in soils on five continents, revealing that these Bacteria are a widespread and numerically abundant component of microbial communities in soil. We examined the diversity of Planctomycetes in soil samples obtained from experimental plots at an agricultural site in order to assess the extent of Planctomycetes diversity in soil, to determine whether management effects such as past land cover and compost addition affected the composition of the Planctomycetes community, and to determine whether the observations made could provide insight into the ecological distribution of these organisms. Analysis of Planctomycetes 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed a total of 312 ± 35 unique phylotypes in the soil at the site examined. The majority of these Planctomycetes sequences were unique, and the sequences had phylogenetic affiliations that included all major lineages in the Planctomycetaceae, as well as several novel groups of deeply divergent Planctomycetes. Both soil management history and compost amendment had significant effects on the Planctomycetes diversity, and variations in soil organic matter, Ca2+ content, and pH were associated with variations in the Planctomycetes community composition. In addition, Planctomycetes richness increased in proportion to the area sampled and was correlated with the spatial heterogeneity of nitrate, which was associated with the soil management history at the orchard site examined. This report provides the first systematic assessment of the diversity of Planctomycetes in soil and also provides evidence that the diversity of this group increases with area as defined by the general power law description of the taxon-area relationship.