Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Hemodialysis Adequacy: Correlation between Kt/Vurea and Other Methods

Objective: Uremic toxins must be adequately cleared to reduce mortality and morbidity in chronic hemodialysis patients. The second-generation Daugirdas formula (D) is recommended for measurement of hemodialysis adequacy according to the guidelines specified by Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) in guidelines. We aimed to compare the Kt/V ratio obtained by D (D Kt/V) to the urea reduction ratio (URR) and the Online Clearance Monitor (OCM®). Materials and Methods: Our research is across-sectional study on 48 patients who are on maintenance hemodialysis (HD). A total of 1990 HD sessions were performed 3 times a week for 4 hours each day for 3 months. Ionic dialysate was measured by OCM module of the Fresenius 4008 C machine. In the same HD session, URR and Kt/V ratio were calculated using a single-pool Daugirdas formula. Results: This study included 48 (Male: 24, Female: 24) adult chronic HD patients. Mean age of the patients was 54.5±18.1 years (16-81 years). Mean Kt/V value was found be higher when calculated using D formula (1.54±0.36) than what was measured by ionic dialysate (1.37±0.32) (p<0.0001). Comparison between D Kt/V and URR showed a statistically relevant significance (p<0.0001, r=0.92). Mean ultrafiltration (UF) was 1521±1054 milliliters per session. When D Kt/V was calculated without UF, the mean Kt/V value measured by ionic dialysate was not different from D Kt/V without considering UF (1.43±0.32) (p=0.101). In spite of the fact that URR was positively correlated with two formulas, the relationship between D Kt/V and URR was statistically more significant. Conclusion: In our study, Kt/V calculated with D formula was higher than Kt/V measured by OCM. If the Daugirdas formula was calculated without considering UF, the Kt/V found by both methods was similar. Even though the URR correlated with two formulas, the relationship between D Kt/V and URR was statistically more significant. OMC is a practical tool that can help us to assess hemodialysis adequacy.
Some node ordering methods for the K2 algorithm

Inferring Bayesian network structure from data is a challenging issue, and many researchers have been working on this problem. The K2 is a well‐known order‐dependent algorithm to learn Bayesian network. The result of the algorithm is not robust since it achieves different network structure if node orderings are permuted. Consequently, choosing suitable sequential node ordering for the input of the K2 algorithm is a challenging task. In this work, some deterministic methods for selecting a suitable sequential node ordering are introduced. The effectiveness of these methods benchmarked through the Asia, Alarm, Car, and Insurance networks. The results indicate that the methods based on the concept of mutual information and entropy are suitable for finding a sequential node ordering and considerably improves the precision of network inference. The source code and selected data sets are available on http://profiles.bs. ipm.ir/softwares/ordering/.
Feasibility and yield of screening for diabetes mellitus among tuberculosis patients in Harare, Zimbabwe.

Setting A resource-limited urban setting in Zimbabwe with a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Objectives To determine the feasibility and yield of diabetes mellitus (DM) screening among TB patients in primary health care facilities. Design A descriptive study. Results Of the 1617 TB patients registered at 10 pilot facilities, close to two thirds (60%) were male and 798 (49%) were bacteriologically confirmed. The median age was 37 years; two thirds (67%) were co-infected with HIV. A total of 1305 (89%) were screened for DM, and 111 (8.5%, 95% CI 7.0-10.2) were newly diagnosed with DM. Low TB notifying sites were more likely than high TB notifying sites to screen patients using random blood glucose (RBG) (83% vs. 79%; P < 0.04). Screening increased gradually per quarter over the study period. There were, however, notable losses along the screening cascade, the reasons for which will need to be explored in future studies. Conclusion The study findings indicate the feasibility of DM screening among TB patients, with considerable yield of persons newly diagnosed with DM. Scaling up of this intervention will need to address the observed losses along the screening cascade.
Some Properties of Bio-Yogurt Enriched with Cellulose Fiber

In this study, bio-yogurts, which contain L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, were produced with cellulose fiber (CF) addition at a various level (0%, 0.5%, 1% and 2%) and stored at 4°C ± 1°C for 20 days. Bio-yogurts were analysed 1, 10 and 20 days after production. The storage period significantly influenced overall properties of the samples. Addition of CF has positively affected the physical and textural properties of yoghurt, such as serum separation, water holding capacity, viscosity, firmness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness (p < 0.05). It also slightly stimulated the development of probiotic bacteria (p < 0.05). Bio-yogurt, which contains 0.5% CF in sensory aspect, is the most appreciated.
The neuromuscular responses to eccentric cycling and the implications for athletic development

Eccentric cycling is an emerging exercise modality in which an individual resists pedals being driven towards them on a motorised recumbent cycle ergometer. The attractiveness of eccentric cycling as a training modality stems, at least in part, from its propensity to elicit greater levels of mechanical tension for a lower metabolic cost compared to predominantly concentric or isometric training modalities. The aim of this thesis was to systematically investigate the neuromuscular responses and application to athletic performance of a bespoke eccentric cycling instrument. Study 1 assessed the reproducibility of torque, power, and muscle activation during maximal eccentric cycling over a range of cadences. This study demonstrated that at least one familiarisation session should be employed to account for the initial learning effect, although, generally poor between-session reliability was observed. A cadence of 60 rpm displayed the greatest reliability thus highlighting it as a preferential choice for use in future work. Study 2 compared the mechanical stress of, and muscle activation responses to, maximal eccentric and concentric cycling over a range of cadences. Eccentric cycling elicited up to 2.1 times greater torque and power compared to concentric cycling. Additionally, markers of technique e.g. pedal angle of peak muscle activation, and peak torque, also varied between modalities. Study 3 compared the immediate and delayed (up to 72 h post) responses to work-matched interval and continuous eccentric cycling. Decrements in muscle function (31% vs. 18%), and recovery time (48 vs. 24 hrs) were greater after the interval session; a finding attributed to greater peak mechanical tension. This greater mechanical potency of interval eccentric cycling provided rationale for its use over a longer period of training. In study 4 (a pilot study) the effects of an 8-week interval eccentric cycling intervention was examined in well trained distance runners. There was a limited effect on running economy, stretch shortening cycle function, and strength, however, data indicated a possible effect on eccentric strength and jump performance which warrants further investigation. Eccentric cycling does not appear to impact upon well trained athletes to the extent previously observed in untrained or physically impaired populations. Although, there is evidence in this thesis to support the potency of eccentric cycling as a mechanical training stimulus, the consequences of different session structures, and the ease at which it can be added to the training program of well-trained runners.
Neuroprotective effects of Abelmoschus moschatus seed extract on fluoride-induced myelin degeneration in developing brain of rats

Aim: Fluoride at higher concentrations affects various soft tissues, including brain, heart, kidney, and other tissues in addition to dental and skeletal systems. Particularly, in brain it induces various complications such as oxidative stress, alters in the levels of neurotransmitters, and histological changes. The aim of the present study is to report the protective effects of Abelmoschus moschatus seed extract against sodium fluoride-induced neurohistological changes with particular emphasis on myelin degeneration, cell shape, size, and Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as well as aspartate alterations. In addition, antioxidants (glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px] and superoxide dismutase [SOD]), spatial navigation, and learning ability were observed. Materials and Methods: The pregnancy confirmed Wistar rats were segregated into six groups, five subjects for each and doses started from 1st day of pregnancy. Control group received normal tap water, fluoride group fed on 20 ppm fluoridated water, 3rd group treated with NaF (20 ppm) + A. moschatus aqueous extract (AMAE) (300 mg/kg b. wt.), 4th group received NaF (20 ppm) + A. moschatus ethanolic extract (AMEE) (300 mg/kg b. wt.), and 5th and 6th groups treated with AMAE and AMEE alone. Treatment continued for 51 days (21 gestational and 30 postnatal days [PND]). On PND 1, 7, 14, 21, and 30 rat pups were sacrificed, dissected out the brain and used to assess antioxidants, GABA, aspartate and also used for histological studies. Days 21 and 30, rats were used to behavioral studies before they sacrificed. Results and Discussion: The decreased learning ability is observed in NaF exposed rats compared to control and protective groups of rats. GSH-Px activity is increased and SOD activity is decreased in fluoride received rats. Moreover, GABA and aspartate levels are increased (P < 0.001). The GABA, aspartate, and myelin have a crucial role in the maturation of brain. Decreased neural connections, networks, dendritic branches, and degenerating myelin sheath are observed in NaF intoxicated rats through H and E stain and luxol fast blue stain. These all are reverted on the administration of AMAE and AMEE toward NaF toxicity. AMEE showed good results over AMAE. Conclusion: It is concluded that the seed extract of A. moschatus possesses neuroprotective effects against fluoride toxicity.
Sentiment Analysis of Arabic Slang Comments on Facebook

Social networks have become one of our daily life activities not only in socializing but in e-commerce, e-learning, and politics. However, they have more effect on the youth generation all over the world, specifically in the Middle East. Arabic slang language is widely used on social networks more than classical Arabic since most of the users of social networks are young-mid age. However, Arabic slang language suffers from the new expressive (opinion) words and idioms as well as the unstructured format. Mining Arabic slang language requires efficient techniques to extract youth opinions on various issues, such as news websites. In this paper, we constructed a Slang Sentimental Words and Idioms Lexicon (SSWIL) of opinion words is built. In addition, we propose a Gaussian kernel SVM classifier for Arabic slang language to classify Arabic news’ comments on Facebook. To test the performance of the proposed classifier, several Facebook news’ comments are used, where 86.86% accuracy rate is obtained with precision 88.63 and recall 78.
Measures to prevent medication errors in intensive care units

Aim: The aims were to summarize studies on the effectiveness of interventions to reduce adverse events of the medication error type and, based on the studies, to identify recommendations for preventing medication errors in intensive care units (ICUs). Design: A descriptive review. Methods: To find relevant resources, the SCOPUS and EBSCO electronic databases were searched using the following search words: prevention, medication errors, intensive care unit. Both primary and secondary studies on prevention of medication errors in ICUs were selected. Results: A total of eight primary studies and three systematic reviews were included. The studies showed considerable variability and differed in methods, numbers of monitored events or ways of data collection. The assessed interventions were pharmacist involvement, automated infusion devices, reporting medication errors, strategies to limit interruptions during drug administration, electronic health records together with support systems for clinical decision making, nurse education in drug administration and creating checklists. Conclusion: The assessment of selected studies suggests that to a certain extent, all of them showed certain medication error reduction. Due to numerous limitations, however, it is impossible to select and recommend a single approach.
Techniques for Building Highly Concurrent Data Structures

In this dissertation, we present several novel techniques for concurrently accessing shared data structures in shared memory multi-processor/multicore machines. These techniques improve parallelism and thus system throughput by avoiding the use of coarse-grained locking. We begin by presenting a new design for a concurrent hash table based on the novel concept of a split-ordered list. The hash table algorithm is the first non-blocking algorithm efficiently supporting growing data sets. We then proceed to introduce three paradigms for general implementation of concurrent data structures. The first two general synchronization schemes share a principle we call logsynchronization. These schemes aim to improve throughput by enabling readonly operations to be executed concurrently with modifying operations. A low-overhead execution of the common type of operations is possible due to duplication of shared data into active and shadow copies. Finally, we introduce Transactional Locking (TL), a practical design approach for software transactional memory (STM) systems. We introduce the TL2 finegrained locking scheme based on a global clock, a scheme that deals with many important practical aspects of STM implementation: low overhead, involunerability to inconsistent states, and compatibility with non-custommemorymanagement. A common feature of all the proposed designs is the emphasis on making them practical. All algorithms were evaluated empirically and shown to provide high throughput in a significant set of benchmarks.
Leucine rich repeat LGI family member 3: Integrative analyses reveal its prognostic association with non-small cell lung cancer

Leucine rich repeat LGI family member 3 (LGI3) is a member of the LGI protein family. Our previous studies reported that LGI3 was expressed in adipose tissues, brain and skin, where it served roles as a multifunctional cytokine and pro-inflammatory adipokine. It was hypothesized that LGI3 may be involved in cytokine networks in cancer. The present study aimed to analyze differentially expressed genes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and NSCLC cohort data, to evaluate the prognostic role of LGI3. Expression microarray and NSCLC cohort data were statistically analyzed by bioinformatic methods, and protein-protein interactions, functional enrichment and pathway, gene coexpression network (GCN) and prognostic association analyses were performed. The results demonstrated that the expression levels of LGI3 and its receptor a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 22 were significantly decreased in NSCLC tissues. A total of two upregulated genes and 11 downregulated genes in NSCLC tissues were identified as LGI3-regulated genes. Protein-protein interaction network analysis demonstrated that all LGI3-regulated genes that were altered in NSCLC were involved in a protein-protein interaction network cluster. Functional enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway and GCN analyses demonstrated the association of these genes with the immune and inflammatory responses, angiogenesis, the tumor necrosis factor pathway, and chemokine and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathways. Analysis of NSCLC cohorts revealed that low expression levels of LGI3 was significantly associated with poor prognosis of NSCLC. Analysis of the somatic mutations of the LGI3 gene in NSCLC revealed that the amino acid residues altered in NSCLC included two single nucleotide polymorphism sites and three phylogenetically coevolved amino acid residues. Taken together, these results suggest that LGI3 may be a potential prognostic marker of NSCLC.
Comparison of closed and open reduction in developmental hip dysplasia regarding leg inequality

DOI: 10.4328/ACAM.6135 Received: 19.12. 2018 Accepted: 28.12. 2018 Published Online: 28.12. 2018 Printed: 01.09. 2019 Ann Clin Anal Med 2019;10(5): 620-4 Corresponding Author: Murat Gurger, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Firat University Hospital, 23190, Elazig, Turkey. T. : +90 4242333555 F. : +90 4242333555 E-Mail : muratgurger@hotmail.com ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7510-7203 Abstract Aim: The aim of our study is to identify and compare the characteristics of leg length discrepancy in unilateral developmental hip dysplasia patients treated with closed reduction and medial open reduction. Material and Method: Clinical and radiographic data of 108 patients with unilateral developmental hip dysplasia were evaluated retrospectively. Thus, 31 patients (42.5%) were included in closed reduction group (Group 1), and 42 patients (57.5%) were included in the medial open reduction group (Group 2). The mean age of the patients at the time of the treatment in Group 1 was 9.9 ± 4.5 months, and the mean age of the patients in Group 2 was 12.8 ± 5.5 months. Radiography scans were obtained by computed radiography to assess radiological parameters of patients during the final examination. Results: The results showed that both differences in length in Group 1 and Group 2 were mainly due to the femur. Mean extremity length difference of patients in the closed reduction group was close to the difference seen in the normal population. In the group with medial open reduction, a greater difference was found and this difference was statistically significant when compared regarding leg length discrepancy in patients in Group 1 and Group 2. Discussion: In our study, we noticed that in most of our patients, leg length difference was not clinically significant, but in some patients, this difference was approximately two cm. Therefore, we recommend that the patients especially undergoing medial open reduction should be followed for leg length inequality until their skeletal maturity is reached.
Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Blended Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Clinically Depressed Adolescents: Protocol for a Pragmatic Quasi-Experimental Controlled Trial

Background Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective intervention to treat depressive disorders in youth. However, 50% of adolescents still have depressive symptoms after treatment, and 57% drop out during treatment. Online CBT interventions have proven to be effective in reducing depressive symptoms and seem promising as a treatment for depressed adolescents. However, combining online programs with face-to-face sessions seems necessary to increase their effectiveness and monitor for suicide risk. Objective In this study, we examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a blended CBT treatment protocol, a mixture of online and face-to-face CBT, as a treatment for clinically depressed adolescents. Methods A pragmatic quasi-experimental controlled trial will be conducted to study the effectiveness of a blended CBT treatment protocol, in which blended CBT is compared with face-to-face CBT (n=44) and treatment as usual (n=44); the latter two were collected in a previous randomized controlled trial. The same inclusion and exclusion criteria will be used: adolescents aged between 12 and 21 years, with a clinical diagnosis of a depressive disorder, and referred to one of the participating mental health institutions. Assessments will be conducted at the same time points: before the start of the intervention, during the intervention (after 5 and 10 weeks), postintervention, and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Results The primary outcome is the presence of a depression diagnosis at 12-month follow-up. Several secondary outcomes will be measured, such as depressive symptoms, quality of life, and suicide risk. Costs and effects in both conditions will be compared to analyze cost-effectiveness. Further, moderating (age, gender, alcohol and drug use, parental depression, and other psychopathology) and mediating effects (negative automatic thoughts, cognitive emotion regulation, attributional style) will be analyzed. Also, treatment characteristics will be studied, such as characteristics of the therapists, treatment expectancy, and therapeutic alliance. Dropout rates and treatment characteristics will be measured to study the feasibility of blended CBT. Conclusions This study will examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a blended CBT program in which depressed adolescents are treated in mental health care. Results of blended CBT will be compared with face-to-face CBT and treatment as usual, and implications for implementation will be reviewed. Trial Registration Dutch Trial Register (NTR6759); http://www.trialregister. nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp? TC=6759 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/13434 RR1-10.2196/12654
Precision pulse capsulotomy in challenging cataract surgery cases

Purpose To evaluate the use of the precision pulse capsulotomy (PPC) device for challenging cataract surgery cases. Patients and methods This single-center retrospective case series study comprised of 43 eyes (from 35 patients) that were challenging cataract surgery cases with poorly dilated pupils, anterior subcapsular opacity, white cataract, brunescent cataract, and corneal opacity. This was conducted at the Busan Sungmo Eye Hospital (Busan, Republic of Korea) to assess the performance of the PPC device through a 2.2-mm clear corneal incision width, followed by the phacoemulsification technique and intracapsular intraocular lens fixation. The main outcome measurement was the anterior capsulotomy performance of the PPC device and the development of intraoperative complications. At postoperative 2 months, visual acuity, endothelial cell count, and refractive error were measured. Results No cases of anterior capsule tears or tags occurred. All 43 eyes received circular, 360-degree, free-floating, and appropriately sized anterior capsulotomies. During 2 months of follow up, no postoperative complications occurred in association with the PPC device. Conclusion The PPC device facilitated the creation of a precise, round, appropriately sized anterior capsulotomy in challenging cataract surgery cases. Further investigations are required to understand the long-term safety and efficacy of the PPC device.