Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
β1‐integrin protects hepatoma cells from chemotherapy induced apoptosis via a mitogen‐activated protein kinase dependent pathway

β1‐integrin modulates cellular phenotype by mediating signals from the extracellular matrix (ECM). Although overexpression of integrin molecules in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been reported, the role of overexpressed β1‐integrin in the disease process of HCC is not fully understood. The authors investigated the effects of β1‐integrin on apoptosis in hepatoma cells.
Fisherman Behavior and the Design of Efficient Fisheries Regulation Programs

This paper examines the importance of hypotheses about fisherman behavior for predicting, understanding, and designing efficient fisheries regulation programs. Particular attention is paid to flexible technology fisheries where individuals are free to alter several dimensions of effort. It is suggested that the appropriate hypothesis of share-focused behavior ensures that there will always be an incentive to combine inputs inefficiently although technical conditions may limit or block the actual ability to do so. Some observations on the success of existing programs are also offered. Key words: fisheries regulation, efficiency, behavior, fishing industry
Trajectories of depression and anxiety during enforced isolation due to COVID-19: longitudinal analyses of 59,318 adults in the UK with and without diagnosed mental illness

Background: There is currently major concern about the impact of the global COVID-19 outbreak on mental health. A number of studies suggest that mental health deteriorated in many countries prior to enforced isolation (lockdown), but it remains unknown how mental health has changed during lockdown. Aims: This study explored trajectories of anxiety and depression over the first two months of lockdown using data from the UK, and compared the experiences of individuals with and without diagnosed mental illness. Methods: Data from 53,328 adults in the UCL COVID -19 Social Study (a well-stratified panel study weighted to population proportions collecting data weekly during the Covid-19 pandemic) were analysed from 21/03/2020-10/05/2020. Growth curve modelling was fitted accounting for socio-demographic and health covariates. Results: 24.4% of the sample had scores indicating moderate-severe anxiety, and 31.4% indicating moderate-severe depressive symptoms. Over the first two months of lockdown, there was only a slight decrease in anxiety levels amongst participants as a whole and a very small decrease in depression levels between weeks 3-6 that then increased again in weeks 7-8. Adults with pre-existing diagnoses of mental health conditions had higher levels of anxiety and depression but there was no evidence of widening inequalities in mental health experiences compared to people without existing mental illness. Conclusions: Results suggest there has been little improvement in depression and only slight improvements in anxiety since lockdown commenced in the UK. These findings suggest greater efforts need to be made to help individuals manage their mental health during the pandemic.
Oxygen stores and aerobic dive limit of ringed seals (Phoca hispida)

In this paper we measured total lung capacity, myoglobin content of muscle tissue, and hemoglobin content of the blood of ringed seals (Phoca hispida). Based on this information and body composition analysis we estimated the total available oxygen stores of a diving average adult ringed seal (standard length 129 cm, body mass 73.7 kg) to be 4.5 L. The aerobic dive limit for a ringed seal of this size was estimated to be 8.9 min. Diving data from previous studies show that less than 4% of the dives of adult free-living ringed seals exceed this aerobic dive limit. Based on information from the literature on maximum breathhold capacity and observed maximum dive times of ringed and Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii), the maximum breathhold capacity of adult ringed seals was suggested to be 26.1 min.
Serum RNA profiling in the 10-year period prior to diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumour

Although testicular germ cell tumour (TGCT) overall is highly curable, patients may experience late effects after treatment. An increased understanding of the mechanisms behind the development of TGCT may pave the way for better outcome for patients. To elucidate molecular changes prior to TGCT diagnosis we sequenced small RNAs in serum from 69 patients who were later diagnosed with TGCT and 111 matched controls. The deep RNA profiles, with on average 18 million sequences per sample, comprised of nine classes of RNA, including microRNA. We found that circulating RNA signals differed significantly between cases and controls regardless of time to diagnosis. Different levels of TSIX related to X-chromosome inactivation and TEX101 involved in spermatozoa production are among the interesting findings. The RNA signals differed between seminoma and nonseminoma TGCT subtypes, with seminoma cases showing lower levels of RNAs and nonseminoma cases showing higher levels of RNAs, compared with controls. The differentially expressed RNAs were typically associated with cancer related pathways. Our results indicate that circulating RNA profiles change during TGCT development according to histology and may be useful for early detection of this tumour type.
Penalized Variational Autoencoder for Molecular Design

Variational autoencoders have emerged as one of the most common approaches for automating molecular generation. We seek to learn a cross-domain latent space capturing chemical and biological information, simultaneously. To do so, we introduce the Penalized Variational Autoencoder which directly operates on SMILES, a linear string representation of molecules, with a weight penalty term in the decoder to address the imbalance in the character distribution of SMILES strings. We find that this greatly improves upon previous variational autoencoder approaches in the quality of the latent space and the generalization ability of the latent space to new chemistry. Next, we organize the latent space according to chemical and biological properties by jointly training the Penalized Variational Autoencoder with linear units. Extensive experiments on a range of tasks, including reconstruction, validity, and transferability demonstrates that the proposed methods here substantially outperform previous SMILES and graph-based methods, as well as introduces a new way to generate molecules from a set of desired properties, without prior knowledge of a chemical structure.
Laminin γ2 Mediates Wnt5a-Induced Invasion of Gastric Cancer Cells

Background & Aims Wnt5a expression stimulates in vitro migration and invasion of cultured gastric cancer cells by an unknown mechanism and is also correlated with aggressiveness of gastric tumors. The aim of this study was to show that Wnt5a is involved in metastasis of gastric cancer cells in vivo and to explore the molecular mechanism by which Wnt5a regulates migration and invasion. Methods In an experimental liver metastasis assay, Wnt5a-knockdown gastric cancer cells were injected into the spleens of nude mice. Microarray analyses were used to compare expression patterns between mouse fibroblast L cells that stably express wild-type and a mutant form of Wnt5a to investigate Wnt5a-dependent gene expression. The expression of genes found to be regulated by Wnt5a was investigated in cultured gastric cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to measure levels of Wnt-regulated gene products in 153 gastric cancer samples. Results Knockdown of Wnt5a in gastric cancer cells reduced the number of liver metastases that formed in nude mice. Microarray analyses indicated that Wnt5a activity induced expression of the gene encoding laminin γ2, a subunit of the epithelial basement membrane protein laminin-5. Wnt5a induced the expression of laminin γ2 through the activation of protein kinase C and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase. The invasive activity of gastric cancer cells depended on laminin γ2; Wnt5a expression levels correlated with those of laminin γ2 in diffuse-scattered type gastric tumor samples from patients. Conclusions Wnt5a contributes to gastric cancer progression by increasing metastatic potential. Wnt5a up-regulates laminin γ2 to mediate gastric cancer cell aggressiveness.
Molecular identification of mosquito species

Abstract Complexes of closely related cryptic species, that are indistinguishable morphologically yet have different ecology and host preferences, are widespread in mosquitoes. The advantages of DNA-based methods of identification mean that they have now largely replaced other methods of species determination for such complexes. Here we discuss the relative merits of three different approaches to species identification, all of which use amplification of the ribosomal RNA genes by the polymerase chain reaction. They include: restriction fragment length polymorphism in the Anopheles maculipennis complex from the UK; allele-specific amplification in the An. dirus complex from Thailand; and single strand conformational polymorphism in the An. minimus complex from Thailand. The application of these methods is considered in the context of recent data on intraspecific genetic variation, geographic population structure and genetic introgression.
Analysis of Biological Data When there are Ordered Expectations

Etude sur le mauvais emploi de l'analyse de variance dans le traitement des resultats d'articles de biologie, particulierement pour la comparaison de moyennes : illustration de la perte de puissance statistique de l'ANOVA employee a mauvais escient qui conduit a des conclusions erronees; une solution alternative existe: la regression isotonique; les moyens pratiques de realiser une telle analyse a partir des donnees generalement rencontres en ecologie sont fournis
Effects of Augmented Reality Glasses on the Cognitive Load of Different Age Groups

With the advancement of technology, augmented reality glasses have been started to using in all areas. With augmented reality glasses, users can reach their wishes more easily and comfortably in different sectors such as education, entertainment, construction and automotive. However, it is not known how these glasses create a cognitive load on the user. In this article, the effect of augmented reality glasses to be used on an assembly line of an automotive company on the cognitive load was investigated. EEG, which detects fine fluctuations in instant load, was used for the measurement of cognitive load. The study was carried out with 4 participants (2 Female 2 Male) and analyzed according to the difference between the ages (35 above and below). There was no difference between the participants under the age of 35 and above the age of 35 years. Therefore, it is seen that over 35 years old people will not have extra cognitive load in using the augmented reality glasses.
A NEW METHOD FOR FIXATION OF UNMINERALIZED HAPTOPHYTES FOR TEM (WHOLE MOUNT) INVESTIGATIONS

A new fixation method for unmineralized haptophytes is presented. Water samples are fixed with a mixture of Lugol’s solution and glutaraldehyde (final concentration 1% Lugol and 0.25% glutaraldehyde). This method preserves flagella, haptonema, and body scales very well, making light microscopical quantification at the genus level possible as well as species identification in the transmission electron microscope. The method has been tested on cultured material and natural water samples (salinities 5–34 psu).
Stably-dispersed and Surface-functional Bionanoparticles Prepared by Self-assembling Amphipathic Polymers of Hydrophilic Poly(γ-glutamic acid) Bearing Hydrophobic Amino Acids

Surface-functional bionanoparticles were prepared by self-assembling amphipathic poly(y-glutamic acid) derivatives with a hydrophilic backbone and hydrophobic phenylalanine and leucine side groups. Poly(y-glutamic acid) bearing phenylalanine nanospheres exhibited excellent water-dispersibility, surface functionality and appropriate size (200 nm) for medical use. Additive PEG conjugation assisted nanoparticle formation of leucine-grafted poly(y-glutamic acid).
Effects of fish density and river fertilization on algal standing stocks, invertebrate communities, and fish production in an arctic river

Abstract: This study examined the relative importance of bottom-up and top-down controls of an arctic stream food web by simultaneous manipulation of the top predator and nutrient availability. We created a two-step trophic system (algae to insects ) by removal of the top predator (Arctic grayling, Thymallus arcticus ) in fertilized and control stream reaches. Fish abundance was also increased 10 times to examine the effect of high fish density on stream ecosystem dynamics and fish. We measured the response of epilithic algae, benthic and drifting insects, and fish to nutrient enrichment and to changes in fish density. Insect grazers had little effect on algae and fish had little effect on insects. In both the control and fertilized reaches, fish grow th, energy storage, and reproductive response of females declined with increased fish density. Fish growth and energy storage were more closely correlated with per capita insect availability than with per capita algal standing stock.Resume : La presente etude porte sur l’importance relative des controles ascendants et descendants dans un reseau alimentaire d’un cours d’eau de l’arctique par la manipulation simultanee du predateur supreme et de la disponibilite des elements nutritif s. Nous avons cree un systeme trophique a deux etages (algues a insectes) en eliminant le predateur supreme (ombre de l’Arctique, Thymallus arcticus ) dans des troncons fertilises et temoins du cours d’eau. L’abondance des poissons a egalement ete multipliee par un facteur de 10 pour examiner l’effet d’une forte densite de poissons sur les caracteristiques dynamiques de l’ecosysteme du cours d’eau et sur le poisson. Nous avons mesure la reponse des algues epilithiques, des insectes benthiques et derivants, et d es poissons a la fertilisation du cours d’eau et aux variations de la densite du poisson. Les brouteurs d’insectes avaient peu d’e ffets sur les algues et le poisson avait peu d’effet sur les insectes. Chez les poissons presents dans les deux troncons, fertilise e t temoin, la croissance et le stockage d’energie ainsi que la reponse reproductive des femelles ont diminue avec l’augmentation de la densite de poissons. La croissance et le stockage d’energie chez les poissons etaient correles plus etroitement avec la disponibilite des insectes par tete qu’avec la biomasse d’algues par tete. [Traduit par la Redaction]
Functional expression and purification of tailor-made chimeric endolysin with the broad antibacterial spectrum

Developing chimeric lysins with a wide lytic spectrum is important in fighting against Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. In the present work, a novel chimerical lysin, LytAmfi, was constructed by fusing the bacteriophage endolysin Lyt μ1/6 with an amphipathic cationic peptide derived from T4 lysozyme. The result showed that the LytAmfi had not only lytic activity similar to parental Streptomyces aureofaciens endolysin Lyt μ1/6 but also broadened lytic activity against Gram-negative strains. Our work demonstrated that generating a novel chimeric lysin with an extended lytic spectrum was workable by fusing an active modular endolysin with an amphipathic cationic peptide that could penetrate the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas agglomerans, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Hafnia alvei, Citrobacter freundii and enable access of the lysin to lyse the bacteria ‘from within’ the host cell without pre-treatment of its outer membrane. Therefore, lysins with an extended spectrum of lytic activity would be of appreciable therapeutic value.
Physiological Response of Multiple Contrasting Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars to Suboptimal Temperatures

The physiological response of multiple rice cultivars, eighteen initially and eight cultivars later on, to suboptimal temperatures (ST) conditions was investigated in laboratory and outdoor experimental conditions. Treatment with ST decreased growth in different extents according to the cultivar and affected the PSII performance, determined by chlorophyll fluorescence fast-transient test, and stomatal conductance, regardless the experimental condition. Two groups of cultivars could be distinguished on the base of their growth and physiological parameters. The group of cultivars presenting higher growths displayed optimal JIP values, and higher instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEi), due to a lower Gs under ST, unlike cultivars showing lower growth values, which presented worse JIP values and could not adjust their Gs and hence their WUEi. In this work, we detected at least two cultivars with superior tolerance to ST than the cold tolerant referent Koshihikari. These cultivars could be used as parents or tolerance donors in breeding for new crop varieties. On other hand, positive and significant correlations between data obtained from laboratory and outdoor experiments suggest that laboratory measurements of most of the above mentioned parameters would be useful to predict the response of rice cultivars to ST outdoor.
Registration of 'Jamestown' wheat

Jamestown' (Reg. No. CV-1041, PI 653731) soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station in March 2007. Jamestown was derived from the cross 'Roane'/Pioneer Brand '2691' and was tested under the experimental number VA02W-370. Jamestown is an early heading, awned, short-stature, semidwarf (Rht2) cultivar possessing resistance to the predominant insect and disease pests in the eastern soft wheat region. Jamestown most notably has resistance to Hessian fl y (Mayetiola destructor (Say)), stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend.), and Fusarium head blight (caused by Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe)). In USDA-ARS Uniform Southern Soft Red Winter Wheat Nursery Trials conducted at 27 locations in 2005 and at 26 locations in 2006, Jamestown produced average grain yields of 5496 and 5563 kg ha -1 , respectively, compared with nursery mean yields of 4959 kg ha -1 in 2005 and 4878 kg ha -1 in 2006. Milling and baking quality of Jamestown exceeds that of 'USG 3209'. On an Allis Chalmers Mill, Jamestown has higher break fl our yield (305 vs. 283 g kg -1 ), softer fl our texture (softness equivalent score 57.4 vs. 54.1 g 100 g -1 ), lower sucrose solvent retention capacity (93.8 vs. 104 g 100 g -1 ), and larger cookie diameters (17.0 vs. 16.8 cm).
Simultaneity of Interbank Market Rates – Theory and Methodological Implications

We study price formation on interbank markets. We derive insights from a theoretical model that have important implications for empirical applications. In our theoretical model banks compete on lending and deposit rates in a horizontally differentiated oligopoly. Banks have to close funding gaps or surpluses, but the model allows them to hold both interbank assets and liabilities, a behavior that has been extensively documented empirically. We show the existence of a Nash equilibrium and provide conditions for its uniqueness. The key insight from the theoretical model is that interbank lending and deposit rates are determined simultaneously. We document the presence of simultaneity in an example estimation using real-world data. We show that this simultaneity would induce an economically significant bias into the estimations and lead to flawed inference if it was not accounted for. We thus advocate testing for simultaneity when performing empirical analyses of interbank market rates or spreads.
Cross‐Reactivity of Antivenom

Antivenom cross‐reactions have been studied using immunologic techniques, immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, immunoblotting and ELISA. Cross precipitation does not necessarily mean that there is cross protection. However, a cross protection is generally observed between closely related species. Cross‐reactivity of monovalent antivenoms and polyvalent antivenoms among various venoms are described. The results strongly suggest the presence of genus specificity in each antivenom. Cross‐reactions of antivenoms are difficult to foretell and they necessitate individual verification. Knowledge of cross‐reactivity of antivenoms is a very important tool to identify for phylogenic relationships of snake species and variation in venoms, and to be a guide for effective treatment of snake bite.
A new species of Mecodema (Carabidae: Broscini) from Northland, New Zealand, with notes on a newly observed structure within the female genitalia

Mecodema kokoromatua sp.n. (Carabidae: Broscini) is described from specimens collected from a small stretch of coastal forest adjacent to the Ahipara escarpment, Northland. We include a revised key and phylogeny for the ‘curvidens group’, and raise the number of endemic broscine species in Northland to eight. The ventral bursal keel is a newly identified structure from the female reproductive tract, which is attached ventrally to the helminthoid sclerite. The ventral bursal keel is Y-shaped in the ‘curvidens group’.
Estimating Indices of Abundance and Escapement of Pacific Salmon for Data-Limited Situations

Abstract We demonstrate the process of synchronously combining multiple sources of available fishery information to estimate total abundance in data-limited situations. The application is specific to semelparous populations, such as Pacific salmon, where only data for spawners and recruits are necessary to describe the dynamics of these populations. We apply this technique to summer chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta of the Kuskokwim and Yukon rivers of Alaska. Since 1997, low numbers of returning chum salmon to these rivers have resulted in low harvests, with significant negative economic and social impacts to rural residents of the region. The existing programs for assessing salmon stock in these river basins are inadequate for conventional estimates of total run abundance and the modeling of stock dynamics necessary to derive a quantitative assessment of the returns. Our approach was to utilize the pattern extraction qualities of principal components analysis (PCA) to estimate the underlying trend in escape.
Total synthesis and anti-cholinesterase activity of marine-derived bis-indole alkaloid fascaplysin

A short and efficient two-step total synthesis of marine-derived bis-indole alkaloid fascaplysin starting from commercially available tryptamine in 68% overall yield is reported. A key step involved in the present strategy is tandem dehydrative condensation between ortho-halo substituted glyoxal with tryptamine followed by dehydrogenation. Fascaplysin inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in non-competitive manner with IC50 and ki values of 1.49 and 2.28 μM respectively and with 60-fold selectivity for AChE versus butyrylcholinesterase. Molecular docking studies revealed that fascaplysin accommodates within a peripheral anionic site and inner linings of the AChE active site gorge.
Low activity and seasonal change in population size structure of grenadiers in the oligotrophic abyssal central North Pacific Ocean

Analysis of video recordings of swimming in abyssal grenadiers Coryphaenoides spp. revealed site differences in tail-beat frequencies. At the highly oligotrophic deep central North Pacific (CNP; 5800 m depth) station fishes had significantly lower tail-beat frequencies (0.73 ± 0.02 Hz, mean ± S.E.) than fishes of similar size at the shallower 'Station F' (Sta. F. 4400 m depth) beneath the more productive waters of the California Current Upwelling (1.06 ± 0.04 Hz). These behavioural differences may be evidence for the proposed physiological adaptations of Coryphaenoides armatus and Coryphaenoides yaquinae, to different depths and food supply levels. At CNP. smaller fishes (38.9 cm mean L T ) were present in autumn than in summer (59.4 cm L T ) suggesting large-scale migrations across the abyssal ocean floor despite the observed slow swimming speeds.