Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Land readjustment : An examination of its conceivability application in Iran ( to lay emphasize on the Legal aspect )

The principle norm of participation in urban planning, exchange and development is an important factor in achieving LR goals. Such participatory method is acceptable by considering this norm. This research tries theoretically to recognize a proper method for land readjustment plans against compulsory land purchasing and dispossession of ownership as a the participatory approach. This method has put it in practice officially and legally through comparison in which legal and official structures practiced in several countries of the world have been examined and even very small differences among various methods have been extracted and presented in a comparative table. Additionally, etiology and its analysis, as well as future legal necessities and potentials have been presented from participation view point and possibilities, and backgrounds necessary for applying this participation method have been recognized in other countries especially Iran. In this article we conclude, official and legal participation are most important in Land Readjustment.
Ælf-A Multi-Chain Parallel Computing

The Blockchain community has witnessed rapid development in the past few years. Firstly emerged as a secured decentralized P2P transfer mechanism, Satoshi's Bitcoin has proved the concept of decentralized crypto-currency. Ethereum then contributed the community with successful implementation of versatile "Smart Contracts". It unleashed great potential of Blockchain into numerous applications and industries. As a result, many alternative crypto assets have been built upon these Blockchains. This is only the dawn of Blockchain, as the boundary between Blockchain Community and business world are yet to be broken. We are at a turning point that the next phase of Blockchain will lead the integration between Blockchain and physical business world, and inevitably bring in much more solid digital assets. In order to enter the new paradigm of Blockchain, there needs to be a versatile Operating System designed to meet commercial needs. This Chain has to address three main challenges: 1. Current Blockchains are not scalable, as the performance of one single node/mining machine determines the performance of the whole system. 2. Current Blockchains do not segregate resources for different Smart Contracts, leading to interference among Smart Contract executions. 3. Current Blockchains do not have pre-defined Consensus Protocol to adopt updates or new technology. This white paper introduces a highly efficient Blockchain architecture which incorporated State-of-Art IT design principles and technologies to bring it up to commercial standard. We envision it creates a "Linux eco-system" for Blockchain. We focus on defining and providing the most basic, essential and time-consuming components of the system and making significant improvements based on existing Chains in the market. The system allows developers to customize it to meet their own needs, particularly commercial requirements for various industries. It will contain the below main features: 1. Introduces the concept of Main Chain and multi-layer Side Chains to handle various commercial scenarios. One chain is designed for one use case, distributing different tasks on multiple chains and improve processing efficiency 2. Enables Ælf to communicate with external Blockchain systems via messaging, e.g. Bitcoin, Ethereum 3. Permits parallel processing for non-competing transactions and cloud-based service 4. Defines basic components of minimum viable Block and Genesis Smart Contract Collection for each Chain to reduce data complexity and achieve high customization 5. Permits stakeholders to approve amendments to the protocol, including redefining the Consensus Protocol; Permits Side Chains to join or exit from Main Chain dynamically based on Consensus Protocol, therefore introducing competition and incentive to improve each Side Chain
The Influence of Ethical Leadership on Employee Performance Through Employee Engagement 1

Bali, which is a world tourism destination, has experienced increases in the number of visits by tourists over the years. This development becomes a challenge for tourism business practitioners to be able to compete, specifically in terms of service. This research aims to review the relationship between ethical leadership and employee performance through a mediating variable, namely employee engagement. This research is conducted on Badung Regency, as the area with the largest number of non-starred hotels in Bali, with a total population of 477 hotels and the sample, which consists of non-starred hotel employees, totals up to 120 people. The data is analyzed using the Partial Least Square and the Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM). Results of this research have shown that the relationship between ethical leadership and employee performance is positive but not significant, thus the role of employee engagement as a full mediator is needed in the relationship between ethical leadership and employee performance.
Supporting analysis, visualisation and biological interpretation of metabolomics datasets

Over the past decades, the emerging omics technologies have enabled scientists to take a step further in the investigation of biological systems. From food safety to stratified medicine, omics technologies are now an essential and powerful means to study biological processes. Omics technologies are however at different stages of maturity, and the most recent field of the omics family, metabolomics, is still in its infancy. Metabolomics attempts to catalogue, characterise and quantify all small molecules constitutive of a biological system. Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) is now the most commonly used technique to generate metabolomics data. The method allows the detection of hundreds of metabolites from a single sample and can provide a rapid assignment of formulae to detected masses using high accuracy mass spectrometers. While analytical methods are well developed, support for linking metabolites to detected features and interpreting the results of a data analysis in a biological context is still poorly developed. Significant challenges also arise from the additional steps required to export the data to third party environments to create a biological context. The study of integrated omics datasets as a single system has also shown to provide greater inferences than the study of each omics separately. Methods to integrate the different omics layers of biological systems are, however, at an early stage of development and no standard approach currently exists to provide a holistic view of organisms systems organisation. The objective of this thesis is to formalise, standardise and unify the data analysis of the metabolomics field, by providing to biologists the tools to support them from planning to analysis to biological impact reporting. The work presented here focuses particularly on untargeted LC-MS metabolomics approaches and attempts to assist non-expert users in performing their own analysis of metabolomics datasets. The project also aims to enable systematic biological interpretation of metabolomics datasets. The first part of the thesis focuses on creating the foundation of a unified environment for LC-MS metabolomics data analysis. Subsequently, the created environment will be expanded to integrate and support the latest technological advances in the field and provide better support for both designing studies and interpreting analysis results in a biological context. Finally, the last part of this thesis concentrates on integrating metabolomics data with other omics datasets in an attempt to provide a holistic view of a biological system.
SEISMICALLY INDUCED TILTING POTENTIAL OF SHALLOW MAT FOUNDATIONS

Widespread displacements of shallow mat foundations resting on saturated fine soils occurred in Mexico City during 1985 Mexico Earthquake and in Adapazari during 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake. Soft surface soils, shallow ground water, limited foundation embedment and deep alluvial deposits were the common features pertaining to such foundation displacements in either case. Experience shows that, while tilting is particularly problematic, uniform foundation settlement, even when excessive, does not generally limit the post-earthquake serviceability of building structures. In this study a simplified methodology is developed in order to estimate the seismically induced irrecoverable tilting potential of shallow mats on the saturated fine soils. Seismic response of the nonlinear soil-structure system is reduced to a single degree of freedom oscillator with elasticperfectly plastic behaviour. Pseudo-static yield acceleration, which initiates the foundation bearing capacity failure when applied to the structural mass, can be estimated through utilizing analytical bearing capacity expressions or numerical analyses. The pseudo-static yield acceleration, besides other factors, is also related to the state of soil consolidation before seismic loading and the factor of safety against bearing capacity failure under static loading conditions. The irrecoverable displacement demand on the single degree of freedom oscillator is determined by inelastic transient response analyses of the oscillator. Predictive capability of the methodology is tested with actual case data from Mexico City and Adapazari.
Discussion Paper Series Number 162 Coordination Cycles

Players repeatedly face a coordination problem in a dynamic global game. By choosing a risky action (invest) instead of waiting, players risk instantaneous losses as well as a loss of payoffs from future stages, in which they cannot participate if they go bankrupt. Thus, the total strategic risk associated with investment in a particular stage depends on the expected continuation payoff. High continuation payoff makes investment today more risky and therefore harder to coordinate on, which decreases today’s payoff. Thus, expectation of successful coordination tomorrow undermines successful coordination today, which leads to fluctuations of equilibrium behavior even if the underlying economic fundamentals happen to be the same across the rounds. The dynamic game inherits the equilibrium uniqueness of the underlying static global game. JEL classification: C72, C73 D8, E32.
Semantic Visualization Mapping for Volume Illustration

Scientific visualization is the discipline of automatically rendering images from scientific data. Adequate visual abstractions are important to show relevant information in the data. Visual abstractions are a trade-off between showing detailed information and preventing visual overload. To use visual abstractions for the depiction of data, a mapping from data attributes to visual abstractions is needed. This mapping is called the visualization mapping. This thesis reviews the history of visual abstractions and visualizationmapping in the context of scientific visualization. Later a novel visual abstraction method called caricaturistic visualization is presented. The concept of exaggeration is the visual abstraction used for caricaturistic visualization. Principles from traditional caricatures are used to accentuate salient details of data while sparsely sketching the context. The visual abstractions described in this thesis are inspired by visual art and mostly by traditional illustration techniques. To make effective use of the recently developed visualizationmethods, that imitate illustration techniques, an expressive visualization mapping approach is required. In this thesis a visualization mapping method is investigated that makes explicit use of semantics to describe mappings from data attributes to visual abstractions. The semantic visualization mapping explicitly uses domain semantics and visual abstraction semantics to specify visualization rules. Illustrative visualization results are shown that are achieved with the semantic visualization mapping. The behavior of the automatically rendered interactive illustrations is specified using interaction-dependent visualization rules. Interactions like the change of the viewpoint, or the manipulation of a slicing plane are state of the art in volume visualization. In this thesis a method for more elaborate interaction techniques is presented. The behavior of the illustrations is specified with interaction-dependent rules that are integrated in the semantic visualization mapping approach.
Quantitative grading diagnosis system of fatty liver for b-ultrasonic image

This article research content is a quantitative grading diagnosis system of fatty liver for B-ultrasonic image. We analyze a lot of characteristics and construct some new features, such as Near Far Field Intensity Ratio (NFFIR), Near Far Field Intensity Variance Ratio (NFFIVR), near eld Speckle Number (SN) and near eld Speckle Size (SS). After that we use receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyze the feature e ectiveness including near far eld gray level based features, histogram based features, Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) based features, Neighborhood Gray-Tone Di erence Matrix (NGTDM) based features and Near Field Echo Intensity based features. By using BP neural network to the training sample data, and using leave one out method to select feature vector and evaluating, we nd the features combination citation{ NFFIR + NFFIVR + CON (GLCM) + COS (NGTDM) + SN } is one of the best combination, and this combination achieves the highest recognition rate. Experimental results show that the system can fairly precisely auxiliary diagnosis of four magnitude, including normal liver, mild fatty liver, moderate fatty liver and severe fatty liver.
Insecticidal activity of kramecyne isolated from Krameria cytisoides against Spodoptera frugiperda ( Lepidoptera : Noctuidae )

The discovery and development of insecticides isolated from natural products is a growing area of agricultural research. Here we show that kramecyne, is cyclic peroxide obtained from Krameria cytisoides, has insecticidal activity against Spodoptera frugiperda. The insecticidal and insectistatic activities of kramecyne against S. frugiperda were tested at different concentrations. Larval duration increased by 6.8 d and 18.9 d at doses of 500 and 700 ppm, respectively, whereas the pupal period increased by 3.0 d and 6.5 d under those concentrations. Larval viability was 0%, 16.7%, and 33.3% when the compound was applied at 1000, 700, and 500 ppm, respectively. At 700 and 500 ppm, pupal viability was 25.4% and 50.0%, respectively, and pupal weight decreased by 16.7% and 57.0%. The LV50 of kramecyne was 389.3 ppm. Kramecyne isolated from K. cytisoides shows potent activity against larvae and pupae of S. frugiperda at low concentrations.
Unsteady Aerodynamic Simulation of Offshore Wind Turbines with Wave-wind Interaction

The aerodynamic simulation of an NREL-5MW baseline wind turbine is conducted. The three-dimensional Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS) are solved, and the k-ω SST turbulence model is used. The in-house code naoe-FOAM-os-SJTU solver based on OpenFOAM and overset grid technique is employed. The wave-wind interaction is studied first. The interaction between wind flow and with wave surface reduces the wind speed below certain height, and a shear wind model is obtained and employed as the non-uniform inflow wind for the unsteady aerodynamic simulation of wind turbine. The aerodynamic simulations of the 5-MW baseline wind turbine under uniform or non-uniform inflow wind are conducted respectively. With shear inflow wind, when the lower-speed layer overlaps the rotating region of turbine blades, the aerodynamic forces on turbine rotor oscillate with 1/3 rotating period.
Title A small-molecule inhibitor of SOD 1-Derlin-1 interactionameliorates pathology in an ALS mouse model

Right © The Author(s) 2018. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Pressure to communicate across knowledge asymmetries leads to pedagogically supportive language input

Children do not learn language from passive observation of the world, but from interaction with caregivers who want to communicate with them. These communicative exchanges are structured at multiple levels in ways that support support language learning. We argue this pedagogically supportive structure can result from pressure to communicate successfully with a linguistically immature partner. We first characterize one kind of pedagogically supportive structure in a corpus analysis: caregivers provide more information-rich referential communication, using both gesture and speech to refer to a single object, when that object is rare and when their child is young. Then, in an iterated reference game experiment on Mechanical Turk (n = 480), we show how this behavior can arise from pressure to communicate successfully with a less knowledgeable partner. Lastly, we show that speaker behavior in our experiment can be explained by a rational planning model, without any explicit teaching goal. We suggest that caregivers’ desire to communicate successfully may play a powerful role in structuring children’s input in order to support language learning.
Stability of a single tunnel in cohesive – frictional soil subjected to surcharge loading

This paper focuses mainly on the stability of a square tunnel in cohesive–frictional soils subjected to surcharge loading. Large-size noncircular tunnels are quickly becoming a widespread building technology by virtue of the development of advanced tunneling machines. The stability of square tunnels in cohesive–frictional soils subjected to surcharge loading has been investigated theoretically and numerically, assuming plane strain conditions. Despite the importance of this problem, previous research on the subject is very limited. At present, no generally accepted design or analysis method is available to evaluate the stability of tunnels or openings in cohesive–frictional soils. In this study, a continuous loading is applied to the ground surface, and both smooth and rough interface conditions between the loading and soil are modelled. For a series of tunnel geometries and material properties, rigorous lower and upper bound solutions for the ultimate surcharge loading of the considered soil mass are obtained by applying recently developed numerical limit analysis techniques. The results obtained are presented in the form of dimensionless stability charts for practical convenience, with the actual surcharge loads being closely bracketed from above and below. As a handy practical means, upper bound rigid-block mechanisms for square tunnels have also been developed, and the obtained values of collapse loads were compared with the results from numerical limit analysis to verify the accuracy of both approaches. Finally, an expression that approximates the ultimate surcharge load of cohesive–frictional soils with the inclusion of shallow square tunnels has been devised for use by practicing engineers.
Comprehension of Labrador Inuttitut Functional Morphology by Receptive Bilinguals

Comprehension of Labrador Inuttitut functional morphology by receptive bilinguals Marina Sherkina-Lieber Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Linguistics University of Toronto 2011 This study examines knowledge of grammar by receptive bilinguals (RBs) heritage speakers who describe themselves as capable of fluent comprehension in Labrador Inuttitut (an endangered dialect of Inuktitut), but of little or no speech production in it. Despite the growing research on incomplete acquisition, RBs have yet to be studied as a specific population. Participants (8 fluent bilinguals, 17 RBs, 3 low-proficiency RBs) performed a morpheme comprehension task and a grammaticality judgment task. General measures of their comprehension and production abilities included a story retelling task as an overall assessment of comprehension, a vocabulary test, an elicited imitation task, and a production task. This data was complemented by language behaviour interviews. The results showed that RBs have good, though not perfect, comprehension and basic vocabulary, but speech production is very difficult for them. They have grammatical knowledge, but it is incomplete: Knowledge of some structures is robust, and their comprehension is fluent (past vs. future contrast, aspectual morphemes); others are missing (temporal remoteness degrees); and yet for others (case and agreement), RBs have the category and know its position in the word structure, but have difficulty connecting the features with the morphemes expressing them. These findings explain the significant asymmetry between comprehension and production in RBs: In comprehension, incomplete knowledge may result in loss of some aspects of meaning, but in many cases it
A genetic model of the Elatsite porphyry copper deposit , Bulgaria

The Elatsite porphyry copper deposit is one of the two operating large Bulgarian copper and gold deposits. It is located in the Elatsite-Chelopech ore field, the northernmost part of the Panagyurishte ore district of the Apuseni-Banat-Timok-Srednogorie magmatic and metallogenic belt. The ore mineralization is associated with the Late Cretaceous magmatic activity manifested in the area. It is of vein-disseminated type and builds up a large ore stockwork. The basic industrial mineral is copper and secondary ones are gold and molybdenum. The deposit model reflects the evolution of magmatism, development of the hydrothermal system and tectonic events taking place during its formation. Two types of hydrothermal systems occurred: magmatic and magmatic-meteoric, the magmatic being the dominant one. The model designed reflects the zoning of hydrothermal alterations as well as the relationship between wallrock alterations and ore mineralizations which are relevant characteristics required for constructing the porphyry-copper models. This approach allowed the comparison of the model proposed with the basic models of porphyry-copper systems: Lowell-Gilbert’s quartz-monzonite model and Holister’s diorite model. It was found that the model of the porphyry system at the Elatsite deposit exhibits common characteristics with respect to the main wallrock alterations (K-silicate, sericitic (phyllitic) and propylitic) and mineralizations (pyrite, chalcopyrite, bornite, molybdenite, rarely gold) in the universal model constructed by Lowell-Gilbert. The moderately argillisitic alteration, shown in the Lowell-Gilbert model between the zones of sericitic and propylitic alteration, is not represented in the Elatsite deposit.
The Third Intron of IRF-8 Restricts Its Expression in Non-Hematopoietic Cells in Concert with MafK to Elicit Repressive Chromatin

Nitsan Fourier1¶ Mamduh Khateb1¶, Ofer Barnea-Yizhar1¶, Sigal Ram1, Ulfert Rand2, Hansjörg Hauser2, Donato Tedesco3, Manabu Nakayama4, Aviva AAzriel1, and BenZion Levi1* 1Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel 2Department of Gene Regulation and Differentiation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany, 3Cellecta, Inc., Mountain View, California, United States of America, 4Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan