Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infall and outflow within 400 AU from a high-mass protostar - 3D velocity fields from methanol and water masers in AFLG 5142

Observational signatures of infalling envelopes and outflowing material in early stages of protostellar evolution and at small radii from the protostar are essential to progress in the understanding of the mass-accretion process in star formation. In this Letter, we report a detailed study on the accretion and outflow structure around a protostar in the well-known high-mass star-forming region AFGL 5142. We focus on the mm source MM–1, which exhibits hot-core chemistry, radio continuum emission, and strong water (H2O) and methanol (CH3OH) masers. Remarkably, our Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations of molecular masers over six years provided us with the 3D velocity field of circumstellar molecular gas with a resolution of 0.001–0.005 �� and at radii <0. �� 23 (or 400 AU) from the protostar. In particular, our measurements of CH3OH maser emission for the first time provided a direct measurement of the infall of a molecular envelope (radius of 300 AU and velocity of 5 km s −1 ) onto an intermediate- to high-mass
Freak Descriptor With Spatial Pyramid Kernel For Scene Categorization

Spatial Pyramid Kernel performs good on challenging scene categorization tasks for combining multi-resolution and spatial information of image features , while the popular feature extraction still be the global SIFT or GIST, neglecting more recent , effective and efficient descriptors, such as FREAK ,which is faster to compute , more compact , and with lower memory. We partition image into fixed sub-regions, compute dense freak descriptor over fixed subregions’ center points instead of on interest points, then use the spatial pyramid kernel recognition method for scene categorization. We make two comparisons, the first is between the FREAK (Fast Retina Keypoint) and the SIFT descriptor under the same scene categorization framework and the second is compute dense freak descriptors over fixed subregions’ center points versus on interest points. The results show that the dense freak descriptor ensures a very competitive categorization performance with lower computational cost and less memory . It indicates that the FREAK descriptor is avaiable alternative to the SIFT descriptor for the problem of scene categorization and particularly useful for real-time-recognition systems for low-resource devices such as mobile phones. Keywords-Spatial Pyramid Kernel; FREAK; Sift; Scene Categorization; SVM
ENGLISH VOCABULARY LEARNING SUPPORT SYSTEM BASED ON STOCHASTIC WORD PROFICIENCY MODEL ESTIMATING ELUSIVE WORDS FOR STUDENTS

T his research focuses on a learning environment for teenage Japanese students to improve their English vocabulary. We propose a system that helps learners (students) improve their English vocabulary by intensively memorizing words by means of a Word Proficiency Model (WPM) represented by a Bayesian network, which is known as one of the stochastic models. A student’s WPM c an reflect relationships between features of English words (e.g., part of speech, word length, and so on) and the learner’s ease in learning the words. The proposed system generates a word list arranged in order of difficulty for respective students to learn based on the result of probabilistic inference using the WPM. Intensive learning of the words by means of the list generated by the proposed system improves the acquisition of English vocabulary by helping learners unconsciously memorize words they find difficult.
A note on Einstein's annus Mirabilis

Au cours d'une seule annee, 1905, Einstein a elabore trois theories qui font epoque: de la relativite, du mouvement Brownien et de la photoelectricite. Cette annee d'explosion creatrice - l'ANNUS MIRABILIS d'Einstein - souleve une question crucialle: qui est la source commune de ces problemes apparemment differents dans le contexte de la physique de l'epoque? Dans la liaison symetrique des theories physiques ici proposee, centree autour des phenomenes de la lumiere, la programme de recherche d'Einstein est presentee comme la reponse du genie a l'etat de la physique a l'aube du 20-eme siecle et comme un probleme adresse au 21-eme siecle.
THE EFFECTS OF TIME, TEMPERATURE, SOLVENT: SOLID RATIO AND SOLVENT COMPOSITION ON EXTRACTION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC COMPOUND FROM DRIED OLIVE (Olea europaea L.) LEAVES

The optimum extraction conditions for total phenolic compounds from dried olive leaves were determined by using response surface methodology. Central composite design was used to investigate the effects of four independent variables such as solvent composition (ethanol in water, 20 to 100%), extraction temperature (20 to 60 °C), extraction time (4-48 hours) and solvent/solid ratio (4 to 8). As a response total phenolic compound content of the extracts were chosen. The quadratic model is used for predicting the results and R 2 was found 0.8539. The olive leaves with the initial 43.94±0.25% moisture content were dried in vacuum oven at 60 oC to 2±0.07% moisture content before extraction. There are several solutions by choosing the target, in range, maximize or minimize the effective parameters in response surface methodology. In this study, recommended optimal conditions for the total phenolic compounds from olive leaves were found 43% ethanol in water (v/v), 50 oC, 15 hours and 7 times solvent/solid ratio. Under the chosen optimum conditions the corresponding predicted response value for total phenolic compounds was 4586.3 mg GAE/100 g dried leaves.
SEMANTIC METADATA FOR HETEROGENEOUS SPATIAL PLANNING DOCUMENTS

Spatial planning documents contain information about the principles and rights of land use in different zones of a local authority. They are the basis for administrative decision making in support of sustainable development. In Poland these documents are published on the Web according to a prescribed non-extendable XML schema, designed for optimum presentation to humans in HTML web pages. There is no document standard, and limited functionality exists for adding references to external resources. The text in these documents is discoverable and searchable by general-purpose web search engines, but the semantics of the content cannot be discovered or queried. The spatial information in these documents is geographically referenced but not machine-readable. Major manual efforts are required to integrate such heterogeneous spatial planning documents from various local authorities for analysis, scenario planning and decision support. This article presents results of an implementation using machine-readable semantic metadata to identify relationships among regulations in the text, spatial objects in the drawings and links to external resources. A spatial planning ontology was used to annotate different sections of spatial planning documents with semantic metadata in the Resource Description Framework in Attributes (RDFa). The semantic interpretation of the content, links between document elements and links to external resources were embedded in XHTML pages. An example and use case from the spatial planning domain in Poland is presented to evaluate its efficiency and applicability. The solution enables the automated integration of spatial planning documents from multiple local authorities to assist decision makers with understanding and interpreting spatial planning information. The approach is equally applicable to legal documents from other countries and domains, such as cultural heritage and environmental management.
Enterprise Expertise Characterization

All enterprises have expertise in the form of their employees, and their expertise management is crucial as it helps in locating the right person for the right job, problem solving and question answering among others. This task can easily become complex for a large organization, like IBM, which is the subject of our study. Enterprises face the challenge of sharing their employee's expert knowledge and employ tools to register, communicate, and search employees as a knowledge resource. The majority of these tools fail to take into account the following information about the person: demographics, credibility, behaviour, reputation, and accessibility. Whereas, external social sources are rich in these user dimensions, e.g. LinkedIn (a business oriented social network). Using this as motivation, we performed a case study at IBM in which we combine external social media source and enterprise social sources to better understand their employee expertise. The study involved 211 IBM employees, whose relevant social data was collected. We use this data to analyze their expertise related fields in both the external and enterprise sources. This analysis let us conclude that addition of an external social media source adds more value to the internal expertise data of the employee. We also validate this claim with the help of an information retrieval system setup.
Action-based dynamical models of dwarf spheroidal galaxies: application to Fornax

We present new dynamical models of dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) in which both the stellar component and the dark halo are described by analytic distribution functions that depend on the action integrals. In their most general form, these distribution functions can represent axisymmetric and possibly rotating stellar systems. Here, as a first application, we model the Fornax dSph, limiting ourselves, for simplicity, to the non-rotating, spherical case. The models are compared with state-of-the-art spectroscopic and photometric observations of Fornax, exploiting the knowledge of the line-of-sight velocity distribution of the models and accounting for the foreground contamination from the Milky Way. The model that best fits the structural and kinematic properties of Fornax has a cored dark halo, with core size r(c) similar or equal to 1.03 kpc. The dark-to-luminous mass ratio is (M-dm/M-*)vertical bar(Re) similar or equal to 9.6 within the effective radius R-e similar or equal to 0.62 kpc and (M-dm/M-*)vertical bar(3 kpc) similar or equal to 144 within 3 kpc. The stellar velocity distribution is isotropic almost over the full radial range covered by the spectroscopic data and slightly radially anisotropic in the outskirts of the stellar distribution. The dark matter annihilation J-factor and decay D-factor are, respectively, log(10)(J [GeV2 cm(-5)]) similar or equal to 18.34 and log(10)(D [GeV cm(-2)]) similar or equal to 18.55, for integration angle theta = 0.degrees 5. This cored halo model of Fornax is preferred, with high statistical significance, to both models with a Navarro, Frenk, and White dark halo and simple mass-follows-light models.
A WiFi-based Positioning Parking Guidance System

With the development of economic and the growth of the city, the number of vehicles has also increased rapidly, parking problems continue testing the ability of the city's public services. To solve this problem, we hope to find a more accurate and more convenient program to find the car, so we propose a WiFi-based positioning parking guidance system.
Corporate Governance and Research and Development: Evidence from India

Abstrect This paper brings forth the relative importance of R&D intensity of a company on a sample of S&P BSE-500 companies. The independent variables studied included proportion of inside directors of a company and ownership concentration in a company. A positive relationship was found between proportion of inside directors and R&D intensity of a company of The results suggest no significant relationship emerges between ownership concentration variables and R&D intensity of a company.
Re-interpreting Ownership Advantages and Re-categorizing Investment Motivations of Multinational Corporations: From the Perspective of Imbalance Theory

As opposed to the conventional type of asset exploitation-based foreign direct investment (FDI), this paper illustrates why firms invest abroad based on Moon and Roehl's (2001) imbalance theory. Firms invest to complement their disadvantages and enhance their position in international business. Thus, by extending the imbalance theory, this paper shifts our focus on sources of competitiveness from monopolistic asset to complementing capability for firms' disadvantages. The complementary capability can be categorized into four, which are agility, benchmarking, convergence and dedication. Based on the perspectives of both exploiting advantages and complementing disadvantages, this paper re-categorizes FDI motivations to factor seeking, demand seeking, related-and-supporting-sector seeking and business context seeking. Dunning's OLI paradigm was developed based on firms from developed countries and those that have proprietary assets over other competitors in host countries. However, his theory has limitations in explaining the upward investment trend of new multinational corporations (MNCs) from developing countries as they do not possess any specific firm advantages compared to the leading firms in developed countries. In order to better explain the new trend, Moon and Roehl (2001) introduced the imbalance theory which explains firms' internationalization path from the perspectives of firms from both developing and developed countries. Firms invest abroad not only to exploit their competitive assets, but also to complement their critical disadvantages. Although the imbalance theory was developed to explain unconventional FDI based on the imbalances of firm's asset portfolio, this theory can be applied to the entire value chain activities of the firm (Yim, 2013). Firms face continuous disruptions in their value chain and they grow through complementing any disadvantages. The imbalance theory can also be applied to host country's perspective in explaining why governments try to attract FDI despite some of the problems that can come from MNCs' presence in their countries. Firms from developing countries do not have superior ownership advantages, but they may have complementing capabilities to overcome their critical disadvantages. Their advantages can be drawn from Moon (2013; 2014) who explained the critical success factors of latecomers in the industry. These advantages have become very crucial in rapidly changing environments as firms' prosperity has become a matter of adaptation to changing environments than developing a superior resource. Here, we extend the original underlying assumption of the imbalance theory and emphasize that firms from developing countries have "different" types of ownership advantages from the conventional perspective.
Co-simulation Research Based on Electromagnetic Induction of Wireless Power Transfer

It is difficult to realize electromagnetic field and circuit multi domain joint simulation for electromagnetic induction wireless charging system, Using Maxwell and simulation soft ware Joint simulation of standard electromagnetic induction wireless charging system. Maxwell electromagnetic field software is used to publish coil electromagnetic field, inductance and coincidence coefficient, The finite element analysis of ferrite loss is carried out, and the whole circuit is analyzed and verified by using circuit simulation software. The simulation results are compared with the standard, and the accuracy and validity of the simulation results are verified. The joint simulation method has good versatility, and is suitable for the prototype design and verification of the electromagnetic induction wireless charging system, which can effectively shorten the experimental and development cycle, and reduce the R & D costs.
Participant Perceptions of an Online Discussion among University Students in Israel, Taiwan and the United States.

This study examines whether and how online discussions used in learning situations help to develop interactive intercultural communication. Undergraduate university students in the US, Taiwan, and Israel engaged in an online discussion about gender stereotypes. This study examines their perceptions of the interactions. There were 31 undergraduate participants from the US, 119 participants from Taiwan, and 28 participants from Israel. The study compares preand post-assignment questionnaires with a mixture of scaled responses and short narrative responses to determine the participants' perceptions of the assignment as a learning activity and as interactive intercultural communication. The analysis identifies and evaluates technical, logistical, and linguistic issues which can be used to refine this assignment to better meet the goal of developing interactive intercultural communication.
Comparative effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza, cowdung and phosphorus on growth and yield contributing characters of red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) and Indian spinach (Basella alba L.)

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza, cowdung and phosphorus on red amaranth and Indian spinach in the net house of the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five replications and 8 treatment combinations comprised of T1: Control, T2: Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), T3: Cowdung (CD), T4: Phosphorus (P), T5: AM + CD, T6: CD + P, T7: AM + P and T8: AM + CD + P. Red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) cv. BARI Lalshak-1 and Indian spinach (Basella alba) cv. BARI Puishak-1 were used as test crops for the experiment. The experimental results showed that there were significant differences in growth and yield characters such as plant height, plant diameter, number of leaves per plant, shoot fresh and dry weights, root fresh and dry weights of red amaranth and Indian spinach due to the application of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), cowdung (CD) and phosphorus (P) independently and combinedly. When arbuscular mycorrhiza, CD and phosphorus were applied combinedly, it exhibited a remarkably higher response in growth and yield of these vegetables.
Nontariff Barriers as Bridge to Cross

Importing country standards emerge as an effective trade barrier when they exceed those of the exporting country’s domestic market. We introduce a new concept: bridge to cross (BTC), the regulatory gap between the exporting and importing countries. Importer regulations cannot be identified in a gravity model when multilateral resistance is correctly accounted for with exporter-time and importer-time fixed-effects. BTC, however, can be identified because it varies over time and by trading pair. As an application we apply the method to an SPS regulation regarding Aflatoxin contamination in maize. We find that the effect of BTC is higher for poorer countries.
Interactive comment on “ Does terrestrial drought explain global CO 2 flux anomalies induced by El Niño ? ” by C

This study analyse CO2 flux anomalies simulated by two independent methods (bottom-up and top-down) in relation with MEI ENSO index. The authors conlcuded that the global total CO2 flux anomalies do not corresponds to ENSO cycle and not all flux anomalies exhibit a net source to the atmosphere during El Nino events. These results are counterintuitive to the common understanding of the global carbon cycle, but are based on the model results from well established methodologies. I have several reservations on the presentation of the materials, and the conclusions drawn in this paper. The paper could be considered for publication in Biogeosciences after resolving these issues.
TECHNOLOGICAL SOCIAL INCLUSION OF RURAL AND REGIONAL SENIORS AND WELL-BEING

The focus of this chapter is on demonstrating the utility of communication technologies for increasing socialisation amongst rural and regional seniors. The chapter starts with a review of the literature showing links between increased social interaction and the well-being of seniors. Findings from two interpretive, ethnographic studies are presented. The first initiative, introducing technology at a rural retirement village, and the second initiative, introducing rural and regional seniors to online social interaction, both illustrate that technology can improve seniors’ well-being and decrease social isolation. Motivations of retirement village staff, peer trainers and seniors who were novice Internet users are explored. The value of peer training, accessibility, and the need novice senior Internet users have for more time to learn to use communication technologies, were amongst the key findings.
Accounting Conservatism and the Company's Performance: the Moderating Effect of the Ownership Structure

The purpose of this article is to highlight the moderating effect of a central mechanism of governance, namely, the ownership structure in the relationship between accounting conservatism and the enterprise’s performance using a sample of French companies listed on the Paris stock exchange. Previous studies have investigated the impact of corporate governance on the level of accounting conservatism. Our objective is to study the effect on the relationship between the level of accounting conservatism and performance of a central governance mechanism, namely, the ownership structure. We examine the concentration effect of institutional, wage and property of such a mechanism on the relationship between accounting conservatism and the accounting company’s performance which is measured by the return on equity in 60 French listed companies belonging to the SBF 120 index in all the period 2007-2012 of enterprises. Else more most of the results support the moderating effect of such a mechanism that has been ignored or overlooked by previous work.
Impulsively Generated Wave Trains in Coronal Structures. II. Effects of Transverse Structuring on Sausage Waves in Pressurelesss Slabs

Impulsively generated sausage wave trains in coronal structures are important for interpreting a substantial number of observations of quasi-periodic signals with quasi-periods of order seconds. We have previously shown that the Morlet spectra of these wave trains in coronal tubes depend crucially on the dispersive properties of trapped sausage waves, the existence of cutoff axial wavenumbers, and the monotonicity of the dependence of the axial group speed on the axial wavenumber in particular. This study examines the difference a slab geometry may introduce, for which purpose we conduct a comprehensive eigenmode analysis, both analytically and numerically, on trapped sausage modes in coronal slabs with a considerable number of density profiles. For the profile descriptions examined, coronal slabs can trap sausage waves with longer axial wavelengths, and the group speed approaches the internal Alfvén speed more rapidly at large wavenumbers in the cylindrical case. However, common to both geometries, cutoff wavenumbers exist only when the density profile falls sufficiently rapidly at distances far from coronal structures. Likewise, the monotonicity of the group speed curves depends critically on the profile steepness right at the structure axis. Furthermore, the Morlet spectra of the wave trains are shaped by the group speed curves for coronal slabs and tubes alike. Consequently, we conclude that these spectra have the potential for inferring the subresolution density structuring inside coronal structures, although their detection requires an instrumental cadence of better than ∼1 s.