Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Energy Constrained Data Collection in Multi-UAV-enabled Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, we studied the energy constrained path planning of the multiple unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based data collection from massive energy constrained ground sensors to fulfill the remote monitoring of large area. In order to prolong the lifetime of all deployed ground sensors, UAVs are assumed to fly from a given starting point to traverse all sensor node till they arrive at a predefined destination location to offload the collected data for processing. With these constraints we formulate the multi-UAV trajectory optimization problem subject to energy consumption constraint by every UAV and show that it is a multiple traveling salesman problem (mTSP) problem. In order to simplify the analysis, node partitioning strategy was presented to simplify the mTSP problem into conventional TSP problem. Our analysis unveils that, the proposed node partitioning strategy provides us an efficient analysis framework to fulfill the data collection job with balanced flight distance by every single UAV, regardless of whether the balanced load requirement presents or not.
Preliminary Study on Growth and Yield Potential of Ten Elite Lines of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) Cultivated under Varying Sowing Dates

Optimization of agronomic practices for cultivation of quinoa, a super food and climate resilient crop, is critical to obtain its maximum grain yield under the current scenario of climate change. In the present experimentation, we evaluated the appropriate sowing time of ten elite lines of quinoa, already screened from USDA germplasm. Seeds of each line were sown in the experimental area at Square No. 22, Block No. 5, Directorate of Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan on 15 November, 30 November and 15 December during quinoa cultivation season of 2019–2020. Sowing time significantly affected the emergence percentage, days taken to anthesis, chlorophyll contents, sodium and potassium concentrations in leaf, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and leaf area, panicle length, grain yield and 1000-grain weight. Lines; PIA-922, PIA-924, PIA-928 and PIA-929 performed better under first sowing and produced higher grain yield as compared to other lines. Similarly, PIA-921, PIA-922, PIA-925 and PIA-932 produced maximum biomass and grain yield under second sowing date while in case of third sowing date, PIA-926, PIA-928, PIA-930 and PIA-931 were observed more responsive regarding growth and yield attributes. A diversified pattern of agronomic, growth and yield contributing attributes of quinoa lines was observed when cultivated under varying sowing dates. The collected data will be very informative for the breeders and agronomists during selection and variety development process in future.
Variable Aperture Technique for Measuring Mode Field Diameters Corresponding to Laguerre Gaussian Spot Size of Higher-Order Modes of Few-Mode Fibers

The mode field diameter (MFD) is an essential parameter for understanding the transmission characteristics of optical fibers. A variable aperture (VA) technique is a standard test method for measuring the MFD of single-mode fibers. Unfortunately, the conventional one cannot measure the MFDs of some higher-order modes correctly because its measurement procedure is standardized for measuring the MFD of the fundamental mode. The conventional VA technique aligns the position of the optical fiber through a peak intensity search on the premise that the fundamental mode, whose intensity is maximum at the beam center, is measured. How to align the position of the optical fiber when measuring the MFD of higher-order modes has not yet been investigated. In this paper, we describe the principle and formulas based on the VA technique for measuring the MFD of a given higher-order mode in few-mode fibers (FMFs). Then, we propose a novel procedure for measuring the MFDs of FMFs. The test apparatus of our technique is almost the same as that of the conventional VA technique except for the use of a mode selective coupler. One can measure the MFDs of arbitrary modes in FMFs correctly by adjusting the position of the fiber under test using the fundamental mode before starting the measurement. Proof-of-principle experiments were performed for three kinds of FMFs, and the experimental results showed that our procedure is useful for characterizing the MFD of each mode.
Four-Wave Mixing and Phase Conjugation in Plasmas.

Four-wave mixing (FWM) in plasmas and its applications to phase conjugation (PC) and plasma diagnostics have been extensively studied. Plasmas have received considerable attention, since they become more efficient four-wave mixing and phase conjugation mediums at longer wavelengths (far-infrared approximately 10 mu m to radiowave approximately 10 m) for which there are few other nonlinear mediums. In addition, FWM shows great potential as a plasma diagnostic. Recent advances in the experimental and theoretical study of FWM and PC in plasmas are reviewed. >
Single‐phase multilevel inverter based on switched‐capacitor structure

This study proposes a new topology for multilevel inverters based on switched-capacitor structure. The proposed topology uses capacitor charged/discharged characteristic to boost the output voltage without employing magnetic elements. The proposed circuit configuration has fewer components, including switches, voltage sources, and capacitors comparing with the conventional similar topologies. A phase disposition pulse-width modulation method is used to enhance the output waveform quality of the proposed inverter. Nine-level and 17-level configurations are simulated. To verify the operating principle, the experimental results for a nine-level inverter topology are presented.
Avoiding catastrophic collapse in small-scale fisheries through inefficient cooperation: evidence from a framed field experiment

Small-scale fisheries (SSFs) are significant for poverty alleviation, but are threatened by over-exploitation and climate change effects such as drastic drops in regrowth rates. How will fishers adapt? To shed light on this, we ran a common-pool resource experiment with SSF fishers in Thailand. Our results show that groups confronted with a potential abrupt drop in the regrowth rate are more likely to form cooperative agreements compared to groups not confronted with such a drop, which theory cannot predict. However, groups that form cooperative agreements do not necessarily manage the resource efficiently; many groups under-exploit. Over-exploitation is driven by individual characteristics, e.g., if individuals can diversify income, and if they are born outside the village. We conclude that more systematic exploration of the role of socio-economic factors, and how these factors interact with ecological conditions facing fishers, are needed. Our work can be seen as one step in this direction.
On modeling the multiscale mechanobiology of soft tissues: Challenges and progress.

Tissues grow and remodel in response to mechanical cues, extracellular and intracellular signals experienced through various biological events, from the developing embryo to disease and aging. The macroscale response of soft tissues is typically nonlinear, viscoelastic anisotropic, and often emerges from the hierarchical structure of tissues, primarily their biopolymer fiber networks at the microscale. The adaptation to mechanical cues is likewise a multiscale phenomenon. Cell mechanobiology, the ability of cells to transform mechanical inputs into chemical signaling inside the cell, and subsequent regulation of cellular behavior through intra- and inter-cellular signaling networks, is the key coupling at the microscale between the mechanical cues and the mechanical adaptation seen macroscopically. To fully understand mechanics of tissues in growth and remodeling as observed at the tissue level, multiscale models of tissue mechanobiology are essential. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the art modeling tools of soft tissues at both scales, the tissue level response, and the cell scale mechanobiology models. To help the interested reader become more familiar with these modeling frameworks, we also show representative examples. Our aim here is to bring together scientists from different disciplines and enable the future leap in multiscale modeling of tissue mechanobiology.
Emulation of Forest Fire Spread Using ResNet and Cellular Automata

Accurate quantitative simulation of forest fires is of great significance to the risk control of forest fires. Cellular automata model is often used to simulate forest fires. However, the traditional cellular automata model's cell state setting is too simple, and the conversion rules are not considered comprehensively enough, resulting in unsatisfactory simulation results. In this paper, it is proposed to learn the relationship between the burning state of cells and their own geographical conditions from the historical data of forest fires, and to convert the burning probability into the time required for complete burning of cells, so as to simulate different spreading speeds under different geographical conditions. Experiments show that this is a potentially effective method for forest fire simulation.
Sustainability Aspects of Current Market Developments, Different Product Types and Innovative Manufacturing Processes of Electric Motors

There are numerous levers and constraints affecting the sustainability of electric motors. While previous work mostly focuses on individual energy and resource efficiency potentials within single phases of the motor’s lifecycle, this paper summarizes sustainability aspects from three different perspectives, namely from the market, product and process view. The first part of this paper analyzes the electric motor market to emphasize the significance of this industry and to outline the importance of state-regulated efficiency classes. The second part provides an overview of the range of electric motor types and their sustainability characteristics. The third part contains an analysis of manufacturing processes in terms of energy and resource efficiency by pointing out appropriate key figures and optimization approaches. In doing so, the connection of the three perspectives market, product and processes offers a holistic view on sustainability aspects of electric motors.
Preparation and Tribological Properties of Bismaleimide Matrix Composites Reinforced with Covalent Organic Framework Coated Graphene Nanosheets

The poor compatibility between the polymer matrix and complex modification processes greatly affects the excellent tribological properties of graphene in the polymer matrix. In this study, a covalent organic framework (COF)-coated graphene hybrid lubricating filler (G/COFs) was synthesized in situ using a sample one-step mechanochemical synthesis process. This was used to improve the tribological properties of bismaleimide (BMI) resin. The morphology and microstructure of the G/COFs hybrid were characterized, and the effect of the added amount on the tribological properties of the G/COFs/BMI composites was studied. The results showed that the G/COFs hybrid could improve the stability of the friction coefficient and decrease the volume wear rate of BMI composites. Compared to the neat BMI, the 0.6 wt% G/COFs/BMI composites showed optimal tribological performance, with the friction coefficient and volume wear rate decreasing from 0.35 to 0.14 and from 48 × 10−6 to 10.6 × 10−6 mm3/(N‧m), respectively. In addition, the G/COFs/BMI composites showed lower friction coefficient fluctuations and volume wear rates than G/BMI composites. This is mainly attributed to the fact that the deposition of COFs can not only effectively prevent the aggregation of graphene nanosheets, but can also significantly improve the compatibility and interfacial bond between the graphene and BMI matrix. Moreover, the good synergistic effect between the lamellar COFs and graphene nanosheets can generate high-quality self-lubricating transfer films during the friction process. The excellent dispersibility, efficient chemical functionalization, better friction reduction and wear-resistance properties, and facile preparation method make graphene/COFs hybrid nanoparticles promising as an excellent lubricating filler.
Using Narrative Inquiry to Understand Faculty Supporting First-Generation, Low-Income College Students of Color

ABSTRACT First-generation, low-income (FLI) college students of Color are less likely to complete a college degree compared to their more advantaged peers, yet little is known about the classroom and cocurricular experiences that support their achievement. Using an anti-deficit achievement framework to situate this narrative inquiry, I conducted semi-structured interviews with successful FLI college students of Color and recent graduates to understand how interactions with faculty influenced students’ success and graduation. My analysis establishes a need for additional faculty professional development around supporting marginalized students and contributes to our understanding of best practices to bolster FLI college students of Color success.
Hitting hyperbolic half-space

Abstract Let X(μ)={Xt(μ);t≥0} $X^{(\mu )} = \{ X_t^{(\mu )} ;t \ge 0\} $ , μ > 0, be the n-dimensional hyperbolic Brownian motion with drift, that is a diffusion on the real hyperbolic space ℍn having the Laplace–Beltrami operator with drift as its generator. We prove the reflection principle for X(μ) which enables us to study the process X(μ) killed when exiting the hyperbolic half-space, that is the set D = {x ∈ ℍn : x1 > 0}. We provide formulae, uniform estimates and describe asymptotic behavior of the Green function and the Poisson kernel of D for the process X(μ). Finally, we derive formula for the λ-Poisson kernel of the set D.
EFFECTS OF HIGH-INTENSITY GYMNASTICS ON SKELETAL MUSCLE PROTEINS

ABSTRACT Introduction: Although the current method of muscle stretching in gymnastics teaching in colleges and universities can reduce sports fatigue, it has been shown to have little effect on the well-being of athletes because it requires a long recovery time from psychological fatigue. Progressive muscle relaxation training is a method that uses the basic principle of sympathetic nerve activity to reduce the impact of negative emotions psychologically and relieve fatigue physiologically, requiring a further study of its impact on muscle protein. Objective: Explore the effect of high-intensity gymnastics on skeletal muscle protein and study the progressive muscle relaxation training method post-workout adjustment. Methods: After three weeks of training, excluding the standard deviations in the experimental data caused by the athletes’ irregular movements, the athletes’ blood lactate content and heart rate were counted and recorded. The collected data were analyzed using Excel software to integrate and compare the data using the T-test method. Results: After exercise training, the skeletal muscle function indices of the subjects increased to different degrees. From the point of view of heart rate recovery efficiency, the rate of heart rate decline of progressive relaxation training was higher than that of the two groups, and the degree of fluctuation was lower than that of the two groups, indicating that the level of recovery in heart rate of progressive relaxation training was better. Conclusion: The action of the high-intensity gymnastics team has a good effect on improving the athletes’ skeletal muscle and skeletal muscle proteins. Post-exercise conditioning training plays an important role in athletes’ physical recovery. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
Carrageenan-Based Compounds as Wound Healing Materials

The following review is focused on carrageenan, a heteroglycan-based substance that is a very significant wound healing biomaterial. Every biomaterial has advantages and weaknesses of its own, but these drawbacks are typically outweighed by combining the material in various ways with other substances. Carrageenans’ key benefits include their water solubility, which enables them to keep the wound and periwound damp and absorb the wound exudate. They have low cytotoxicity, antimicrobial and antioxidant qualities, do not stick to the wound bed, and hence do not cause pain when removed from the wounded region. When combined with other materials, they can aid in hemostasis. This review emphasizes the advantages of using carrageenan for wound healing, including the use of several mixes that improve its properties.
Classification and Comparison of Massive MIMO Propagation Channel Models

Considering great benefits brought by massive multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) technologies in the Internet of Things (IoT), it is of vital importance to analyze new massive MIMO channel characteristics and develop corresponding channel models. In the literature, various massive MIMO channel models have been proposed and classified with different but confusing methods, i.e., physical versus analytical method and deterministic versus stochastic method. To have a better understanding and usage of massive MIMO channel models, this work summarizes different classification methods and presents an up-to-date unified classification framework, i.e., artificial intelligence (AI)-based predictive channel models and classical nonpredictive channel models, which further clarify and combine the deterministic versus stochastic and physical versus analytical methods. Furthermore, massive MIMO channel measurement campaigns are reviewed to summarize new massive MIMO channel characteristics. Recent advances in massive MIMO channel modeling are surveyed. In addition, typical nonpredictive massive MIMO channel models are elaborated and compared, i.e., deterministic models and stochastic models, which include the correlation-based stochastic model (CBSM), geometry-based stochastic model (GBSM), and beam-domain channel model (BDCM). Finally, future challenges in massive MIMO channel modeling are given.
Indigenously Developed HD Video Transmission System for UAVs Employing a 3 × 3 MIMO Antenna System

Real-time high-definition (HD) video transmission for long distances (≥1 km) between an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a ground station is a challenging problem. The existing real-time solutions are limited to relatively low-quality video streaming, whereas an HD video, which is stored in the local memory, is accessible only when the UAV returns to the ground. In this study, a real-time HD video transmission system (VTS) with a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna configuration and state-of-the-art coverage is proposed for security and inspection applications. The proposed VTS employs ultrathin, lightweight antennas that are suitable for seamless integration with a UAV’s body without any protrusion. A $3\times3$ MIMO configuration with large antenna bandwidths (3.9% at 2.4 GHz and 6.9% at 5.2 GHz) enables the simultaneous transmission of multiple data streams with high data rates (>30 Mbps), and a high antenna gain (~10 dBi) allows a relatively long communication range (>3 km). In field experiments, the UAV module (comprising thin conformal antennas, embedded electronics, an RF transceiver, and an HD camera) is attached to a commercial drone DJI Matrice 600 Pro. The HD video’s reception performance is investigated for operation in two frequency bands (2.4 and 5.2 GHz) for both horizontal and vertical antenna orientations. The maximum and average data rates for various distances are reported. Based on the conducted field experiments, it is found that the proposed VTS is capable of transmitting real-time HD video up to a 3.56-km distance with a receiver sensitivity of −76 dBm. The maximum achieved data rates at a 500-m distance are ~10 and ~43 Mbps for operation in the 2.4- and 5.2-GHz frequency bands, respectively.
Expansion microscopy with carboxylic trifunctional linkers

Super-resolution optical microscopy has fundamentally trans-formed structural biology by enabling characterization of biological complexes with up to tenfold greater resolution than conventional microscopy [1]. Among the number of different approaches with super-resolution capability, there is perhaps none more generally accessible to most research labs than expansion microscopy (ExM), where the enhanced resolution is owing to the physical separation of fluorescent signals (typically at least 4-fold) and imaging is performed using conventional optical or confocal microscopy [2]. Combining ExM with other super-resolution methods, such as structured illumination microscopy (SIM), has been shown to further improve resolution down to 20 to 30 nm [3]. However, it has also become apparent that two steps in the ExM procedure (namely, protein digestion and the polymerization of the acrylamide gel) lead to substantial fluorescence loss (>50%), which thus fundamentally reduces the resolving capacity of ExM [2]. Recently, a method was developed (Label-retention ExM) that overcomes this major obstacle [4]. This approach employs trifunctional anchors that are impervious to proteolysis as well as the addition of fluorophores
Multimodal Diagnostic Methods of Sepsis in Critically Ill Patients

The Special Issue "Multimodal Diagnostic Methods in Sepsis in the Critically Ill Patients" published in Diagnostics, Section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics", reports a series of scientific works from varying international authors regarding different methods of diagnosis and identification of clinical signs in critical patients with sepsis [. ].
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACT COMBINATION OF LEAVES AND PEELS KAFFIR LIME (Citrus Hystrix DC.) AGAINST SOME TEST BACTERIA

Leaf and peel of the kaffir lime plant (Citrus hystrix D.C.) can be used as herbal preparations to treat infections by opportunistic bacteria. The purpose of this study was to analyze the antibacterial activity of the combination of leaf and peel extract against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria isolates. This study used a posttest-only control group design, including phytochemical tests and in vitro antibacterial activity tests. The combination of leaf and peel extract of kaffir lime tested was 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 75% (w/v). The results of phytochemical tests on the leaf extract and rind of limes were found to have antibacterial compounds, namely flavonoids, tannins, phenols, and alkaloids. The results of the antibacterial activity test used the paper disc diffusion method, showed that there were differences in the size of the inhibition zone for the four test bacteria; The combination treatment of 75% (1:1) leaf-peel extract gave the greatest inhibitory zone effect on the four test bacteria and was equivalent to the positive control. The conclusion of the study, the combination of leaf and peel extract had different antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.