Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Large flattened mode optical fiber for high output energy pulsed fiber lasers

An Yb3+-doped optical fiber with a refractive index profile that distributes the intensity of light uniformly across the core of the fiber has been designed. A >2X decrease in stimulated Raman scattering was measured. 02003 Optical Society of America OCIS Codes: (060.2320) Fiber optics amplifiers and oscillators; (140.3510) Lasers, fiber Femtosecond, chuped-pulse, fiber lasers with pulse energies greater than 1m.I have been demonstrated [l]. This output power was limited by the onset of stimulated Raman scattering. A common approach for scaling the output power and pulse energy of these fiber lasers is to increase the core size of the fiber and selectively excite only the fundamental mode [2]. The core size to which the fiber can be scaled before output beam quality begins to degrade is around 30-50pm. In this paper we pursue an alternative and complimentary approach which is to reduce the intensity of light propagating in the core by distributing it more evenly across the core area via careful design of the refractive index profile [3]. In figure 1, we show one such refractive index profile for creating a flat-topped fiber mode on the left hand side. On the right hand side of figure 1, we show the intensity distribution of a large flattened mode fiber design (LFM) and a standard step index profile fiber normalized such that the total power contained in the two modes is the same. (i.e. The two intensity distributions contain the same total power after the integmtion over the full cross sectional area is performed.) We see the LFM design decreases the peak intensity on axis by a factor of 2.46, which should lead to a sigrufkant decrease in the amount of stimulated Raman scattering for a given pulse energy, while not compromising the power handling capability. Fundamental Mode Intensity Profile and Index Normalized Intensity Profile of Fundamental Profile LFM Fiber I I 1.4520 1.4515 =
High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging (HARDI)

This article covers the young history of high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI), from basic diffusion principles and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to q-space imaging, advanced modeling, and high-order reconstruction techniques. HARDI has opened up new perspectives to noninvasively measure microstructural features and study white matter connectivity using HARDI-based fiber tractography. HARDI is thus at the heart of modern neuroscience research and several clinical applications. Keywords: diffusion microstructure; diffusion modeling; diffusion MRI; diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI); diffusion tensor imaging (DTI); high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI); magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); q-ball imaging (qbi); q-space imaging (QSI); tractography
Deep Learning Solution for Early Wildland Fire Detection and Suppression

The application of terrestrial-based video surveillance for early detection of wildfires has been a promising solution and research topic in recent years. A variety of algorithms for early fire detection have been researched, using video data of the surveillance areas. The majority of these Image-based techniques search the images for smoke traces and allow the discovery of a fire as soon as its smoke signature is visible, enabling a prompt intervention and an easy extinction. Due to the scene complexity and the non-rigid characteristic of smoke, the reliability of the rule-based functions is not always satisfactory. Sufficient flexibility for processing uncertainties in different levels of image processing is essential in the image processing unit. The process of extracting features automatically has brought us to the application of AI-based solutions. In this paper, faster Region-Based Convolutional Neural Networks (Faster R-CNN) is applied on the real scene smoke labelled dataset. Using a challenging test dataset, the application of the machine learning for the future of wildland fire detection is analyzed and discussed.
Granger-causality between palm oil, gold and stocks (islamic and conventional): Malaysian evidence based on ARDL approach

: This paper aims to ascertain the Granger-causality between Malaysian strategic commodities (namely palm oil and gold prices) and stock markets (both conventional and Islamic) using an ARDL or ‘Bound s Test’ The variables involved in this research are Crude Palm Oil Price Malaysia (POM), Kijang Emas / Gold Price (KE), FTSE Bursa Malaysia KLCI (CI) and FTSE Bursa Malaysia Emas Shariah Index (BMES). The empirical results tend to indicate that Kijang Emas / Gold Price (KE) being the most exogenous leads the changes followed by crude palm oil price, FTSE Bursa Malaysia KLCI (CI) and FTSE Bursa Malaysia Emas Shariah Index (BMES) which is the most endogenous. We found there are causalities between stock price and palm oil price. We also note, there are significant relationships between the variables in the long run with a strong causal link between FTSE Bursa Malaysia EMAS Shariah Index and FTSE Bursa Malaysia KLCI.
AssemblyTron: flexible automation of DNA assembly with Opentrons OT-2 lab robots

As one of the newest fields of engineering, synthetic biology relies upon a trial-and-error Design-Build-Test-Learn approach to simultaneously learn how function is encoded in biology and attempt to engineer it. Many software and hardware platforms have been developed to automate, optimize, and algorithmically perform each step of the Design-Build-Test-Learn cycle. However, there are many fewer options for automating the Build step. Build typically involves DNA assembly, which remains manual, low throughput, and unreliable in most cases, limiting our ability to advance the science and engineering of biology. Here, we present AssemblyTron: an open-source python package to integrate j5 DNA assembly design software outputs with build implementation in Opentrons liquid handling robotics with minimal human intervention. We demonstrate the versatility of AssemblyTron through several scarless, multipart DNA assemblies beginning from fragment amplification. We show that AssemblyTron can perform PCRs across a range of fragment lengths and annealing temperatures by using an optimal annealing temperature gradient calculation algorithm. We then demonstrate that AssemblyTron can perform Golden Gate and homology-dependent in vivo assemblies with comparable fidelity to manual assemblies by simultaneously building four four-fragment assemblies of chromoprotein reporter expression plasmids. Finally, we used AssemblyTron to perform site-directed mutagenesis reactions via homology-dependent in vivo assembly also achieving comparable fidelity to manual assemblies as assessed by sequencing. AssemblyTron can reduce the time, training, costs, and wastes associated with synthetic biology, which along with open-source and affordable automation, will further foster the accessibility of synthetic biology and accelerate biological research and engineering.
Introducing Intel® SAT Solver

We introduce Intel® SAT Solver ( IntelSAT ) – a new open-source CDCL SAT solver, written from scratch. IntelSAT is optimized for applications which generate many mostly satisfiable incremental SAT queries. We apply the following Incremental Lazy Backtracking (ILB) principle: in-between incremental queries, backtrack only when necessary and to the highest possible decision level. ILB is enabled by a novel reimplication procedure, which can reimply an assigned literal at a lower level without backtracking . Reimplication also helped us to restore the following two properties, lost in the modern solvers with the introduction of chronological backtracking: no assigned literal can be implied at a lower level, conflict analysis always starts with a clause falsified at the lowest possible level. In addition, we apply some new heuristics. Integrating IntelSAT into the MaxSAT solver TT-Open-WBO-Inc resulted in a significant performance boost on incomplete unweighted MaxSAT Evaluation benchmarks and improved the state-of-the-art in anytime unweighted MaxSAT solving. 2012 ACM Subject Classification Mathematics of computing Ñ Solvers
Magneto-elastic torsional oscillations of magnetars

We extend a general-relativistic ideal magneto-hydrodynamical code to include the effects of elasticity. Using this numerical tool we analyse the magneto-elastic oscillations of highly magnetised neutron stars (magnetars). In simulations without magnetic field we are able to recover the purely crustal shear oscillations within an accuracy of about a few per cent. For dipole magnetic fields between 5 × 1013 and 1015 G the Alfvén oscillations become modified substantially by the presence of the crust. Those quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) split into three families: Lower QPOs near the equator, Edge QPOs related to the last open field line and Upper QPOs at larger distance from the equator.
Efficient spin squeezing with optimized pulse sequences

Spin squeezed states are a class of entangled states of spins that have practical applications to precision measurements. In recent years spin squeezing with one-axis twisting (OAT) has been demonstrated experimentally with spinor BECs with more than 10^3 atoms. Although the noise is below the standard quantum limit, the OAT scheme cannot reduce the noise down to the ultimate Heisenberg limit. Here we propose an experimentally feasible scheme based on optimized quantum control to greatly enhance the performance of OAT to approach the Heisenberg limit, requiring only an OAT Hamiltonian and the use of several coherent driving pulses. The scheme is robust against technical noise and can be readily implemented for spinor BECs or trapped ions with current technology.
Non-Equilibrium Modeling of Complex Turbulent Flows

Abstract : The non-equilibrium modeling of complex turbulent flows is considered from a theoretical standpoint. Both two-equation models and full second-order closures are considered. Non-equilibrium two-equation models can be obtained via a regularization scheme based on a Pade' approximation. Second-order closures that are extended to non-equilibrium flows are obtained in the same fashion. Applications to rapidly distorted flows - including homogeneous shear flow and homogeneous plane strain turbulence - are considered. The prospects for future research are discussed in detail.
Contextuality in measurement-based quantum computation

We show, under natural assumptions for qubit systems, that measurement-based quantum computations (MBQCs) which compute a nonlinear Boolean function with a high probability are contextual. The class of contextual MBQCs includes an example which is of practical interest and has a superpolynomial speedup over the best-known classical algorithm, namely, the quantum algorithm that solves the ``discrete log'' problem.
HOW THE MASS-LOSS RATES OF RED-SUPERGIANTS DETERMINE THE FATE OF MASSIVE STARS ?

Abstract. Mass-loss rates are one of the most relevant parameters de-termining the evolution of massive stars. In particular, the rate atwhich the star loses mass during the red-supergiant (RSG) phase is theleast constrained by the observations or theory. In this paper, we showhow the mass loss during the RSG phase aﬀects the later evolution ofthe star, as well as the ﬁnal type of supernova towards which it leads.We also discuss some possibilities to discriminate between blue starsthat went through a RSG phase and those which remained in the bluepart of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. 1 Introduction Since more than ten years, it has become obviousthat rotation, mass loss, and theirinterplay have a deep impact on the evolution of stars (see for example the reviewby Maeder & Meynet (2012)). Both of them contribute to the chemical enrichmentof the stellar surface, and the stellar winds then carry away these new chemicalelements in the circum-stellar medium (CSM), contributing to the chemical enrich-ment of the Universe. The exact stellar evolution is however crucially dependenton several not-well-known physical processes and parametrisations, such as theway rotation is implemented in stellar evolution codes, the treatment of magneticﬁelds, or the mass-loss rates during the various phases of stellar evolution.The mass-loss rates during the red-supergiant (RSG) phase are still uncertain.In stellar-evolution codes, the mass-loss rates used during this phase are usuallythose determined by de Jageret al. (1988). Evenif these rateshavebeen conﬁrmedby a recent study (Mauron and Josselin, 2011), some other determinations suggest
CONSTRAINING THE LOCATION OF GAMMA-RAY FLARES IN LUMINOUS BLAZARS

Locating the gamma-ray emission sites in blazar jets is a long standing and highly controversial issue. We jointly investigate several constraints on the distance scale r and Lorentz factor Γ of the gamma-ray emitting regions in luminous blazars (primarily flat spectrum radio quasars). Working in the framework of one-zone external radiation Comptonization models, we perform a parameter space study for several representative cases of actual gamma-ray flares in their multiwavelength context. We find a particularly useful combination of three constraints: from an upper limit on the collimation parameter Γθ ≲ 1, from an upper limit on the synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) luminosity LSSC ≲ LX, and from an upper limit on the efficient cooling photon energy Ecool, obs ≲ 100 MeV. These three constraints are particularly strong for sources with low accretion disk luminosity Ld. The commonly used intrinsic pair-production opacity constraint on Γ is usually much weaker than the SSC constraint. The SSC and cooling constraints provide a robust lower limit on the collimation parameter Γθ ≳ 0.1–0.7. Typical values of r corresponding to moderate values of Γ ∼ 20 are in the range 0.1–1 pc, and are determined primarily by the observed variability timescale tvar, obs. Alternative scenarios motivated by the observed gamma-ray/millimeter connection, in which gamma-ray flares of tvar, obs ∼ a few days are located at r ∼ 10 pc, are in conflict with both the SSC and cooling constraints. Moreover, we use a simple light travel time argument to point out that the gamma-ray/millimeter connection does not provide a significant constraint on the location of gamma-ray flares. We argue that spine-sheath models of the jet structure do not offer a plausible alternative to external radiation fields at large distances; however, an extended broad-line region is an idea worth exploring. We propose that the most definite additional constraint could be provided by determination of the synchrotron self-absorption frequency for correlated synchrotron and gamma-ray flares.
Calcium Intake and Metabolism in Infants and Young Children: A Systematic Review of Balance Studies for Supporting the Development of Calcium Requirements

ABSTRACT Determining calcium requirements for infants and children is vital due to high calcium needs for growth. Balance studies enable comprehensive measurement of calcium metabolism and can support nutrient requirement development. This systematic review summarizes evidence from mass balance and isotopic studies in children aged 0–4 y to address key questions on calcium loss and absorption/retention identified by an expert group developing calcium requirements. Literature searches were implemented in multiple electronic databases to June 2020. Balance studies assessing calcium intake, loss, absorption, or retention in healthy children were eligible. A newly developed risk-of-bias assessment tool was used for balance studies, and a modified Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach determined strength of evidence. Altogether, 23 studies (15 mass balance; 8 isotope) with 485 total participants were included. Only 3 studies were of children >6 mo. Mass balance studies suggested infant feed components may influence calcium balance. The random-effects model meta-regression on 42 mass balance study arms showed an average net calcium retention of 40.4% among infants aged 0–6 mo (β = 0.404 [95% CI: 0.302, 0.506]). Isotope studies suggested calcium intake of 240 to 400 mg/d may promote optimal calcium absorption with minimal loss, and intake from human milk may lead to greater absorption and retention efficacy than formula or solid foods. Most studies had low risk of bias. Strength of evidence was low due to variability in infant feedings, limited endogenous and dermal calcium loss measures, and few studies isolating calcium effects. To improve certainty of the body of evidence, more balance studies isolating effects of calcium intake in this age group are needed. Future work on calcium needs should incorporate both balance measures and biological endpoints of importance (e.g. bone mineral density or content) to determine adequate calcium intake for growth in infants and children.
SARS-Cov-2 Damage on the Nervous System and Mental Health

The World Health Organization declared the pandemic situation caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) in March 2020, but the detailed pathophysiological mechanisms of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are not yet completely understood. Therefore, to date, few therapeutic options are available for patients with mild-moderate or serious disease. In addition to systemic and respiratory symptoms, several reports have documented various neurological symptoms and impairments of mental health. The current review aims to provide the available evidence about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on mental health. The present data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 produces a wide range of impairments and disorders of the brain. However, a limited number of studies investigated the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2. Although the main features and outcomes of COVID-19 are linked to severe acute respiratory illness, the possible damages on the brain should be considered, too.
Exploring reproducing kernel hilbert space and its application to survival data.

In this paper, we will construct a kernel K(x,y) and verify that it is a reproducing kernel in Hilbert space (RKHS). The basic facts and important properties of an RKHS will be reviewed. Diagonal matrices will be used in the construction of the reproducing kernel. We will construct a reproducing kernel and extend the kernel Cox regression model for the survival data of HIV patients by estimating the risk or loss function. The results from analysis indicate that the kernel method is efficient and helpful in predicting the risk or survival of patients.
What determines the observational differences of blazars?

We examine the scenario that the Doppler factor determines the observational differences of blazars. Significantly negative correlations are found between the observational synchrotron peak frequency and the Doppler factor. After correcting the Doppler boosting, the intrinsic peak frequency has a tight linear relation with the Doppler factor. It is interesting that this relation is consistent with the scenario that the black hole mass governs both the bulk Lorentz factor and the synchrotron peak frequency. In addition, the distinction between the kinetic jet powers of BL Lac objects and flat spectrum radio quasars disappears after the boosting factor δ2 is considered. The negative correlation between the peak frequency and the observational isotropic luminosity, known as the blazar sequence, also disappears after the Doppler boosting is corrected. We also find that the correlation between the Compton dominance and the Doppler factor exists for all types of blazars. Therefore, this correlation is unsuitable for examining the external Compton emission dominance.
HARD X-RAY TAIL DISCOVERED IN THE CLOCKED BURSTER GS 1826–238

The low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) neutron star (NS) GS 1826–238 was discovered by Ginga in 1988 September. Due to the presence of quasi-periodicity in the type I X-ray burst rate, the source has been a frequent target of X-ray observations for almost 30 years. Though the bursts were too soft to be detected by INTEGRAL/SPI, the persistent emission from GS 1826–238 was detected over 150 keV during the ∼10 years of observations. Spectral analysis found a significant high-energy excess above a Comptonization model that is well fit by a power law, indicating an additional spectral component. Most previously reported spectra with hard tails in LMXB NS have had an electron temperature of a few keV and a hard tail dominating above ∼50 keV with an index of Γ ∼ 2–3. GS 1826–238 was found to have a markedly different spectrum with kTe ∼ 20 keV and a hard tail dominating above ∼150 keV with an index of Γ ∼ 1.8, more similar to black hole X-ray binaries. We report on our search for long-term spectral variability over the 25–370 keV energy range and on a comparison of the GS 1826–238 average spectrum to the spectra of other LMXB NSs with hard tails.
Recurrent vaginal vault dehiscence and evisceration following total laparoscopic hysterectomy, successfully repaired with polypropylene mesh and sacrocolpopexy

Abstract Recurrent vault dehiscence is a rare and potentially serious complication following hysterectomy. We report a rare case of recurrent vault dehiscence and evisceration following a total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) which was successfully repaired with polypropylene mesh and sacro-colpopexy. A 47-year-old multiparous woman underwent TLH for adenomyosis. During the surgery, vaginal wall was incised with monopolar diathermy and sutured with synthetic absorbable barbed suture in a single layer. She presented 12 weeks later with vault dehiscence and evisceration of omentum. Laparoscopically, eviscerated omental part was removed and the vaginal cuff was repaired vaginally with absorbable synthetic suture. She came with a recurrence in 3 months with vault dehiscence and a vault prolapse without any evisceration. She underwent laparoscopic mesh repair of the vault combined with laparoscopic Sacro-colpopexy with complete recovery. Incidence of vault dehiscence is found to be higher in TLH than abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy. Treatment options for recurrent vault dehiscence involve strengthening the vault with tissues, or with a prosthesis.
Ultrasound Evaluation of Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness: Effective Early Marker of Carotid Artery Disease in Adult Head and Neck Cancer Patients After Neck Radiation?

Abstract Radiation is a recommended front-line treatment for many adult head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Early identification of radiation-associated carotid artery disease (CAD), a well-known phenomenon, can minimize long-term sequelae. This integrative literature review assesses the use of ultrasound measured carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) as an early marker of CAD in adult HNC patients after neck radiation. A search of PubMed and Scopus databases in December 2020 yielded 475 unique articles published between January 2011 and December 2020, of which eight met inclusion criteria. Carotid IMT, measured by ultrasound, was significantly increased after neck radiation in all reviewed publications. Ultrasound was able to detect IMT measurements exceeding or at risk of exceeding pathologic IMT, indicating higher risk for future cardiovascular events. Findings suggest that radiation-associated carotid IMT increase occurs early and persists for years. Ultrasound adequately detects post-radiation carotid IMT changes and is a reliable early marker for radiation-associated CAD. Initiation of ultrasound screening should be considered prior to neck radiation for a baseline and at 1 year post treatment to optimize medical management.