Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 1-V, 100-MHz, 10-mW cache using a separated bit-line memory hierarchy architecture and domino tag comparators

A 1-V 16-KB (L2) 2-KB (L1) four-way set-associative cache was fabricated using a 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS technology for future low-power high-speed microprocessors. Effective latency of 6.9 ns and power consumption of 10 mW at 100 MHz are obtained at a supply voltage of 1 V. This performance is achieved by using a new separated bit-line memory hierarchy architecture (SBMHA) that speeds up latency and reduces power consumption, and domino tag comparators (DTC's) that reduce the power dissipation of tag comparisons.
Simultaneous Driver And Wire Sizing For Performance And Power Optimization*

In this paper, we study the simultaneous driver and wire sizing (SDWS) problem under two objective functions: (i) delay minimization only, or (ii) combined delay and power dissipation minimization. We present general formulations of the SDWS problem under these two objectives based on the distributed Elmore delay model with consideration of both capacitive power dissipation and short-circuit power dissipation. We show several interesting properties of the optimal SDWS solutions under the two objectives, including an important result (Theorem 3) which reveals the relationship between driver sizing and optimal wire sizing. These results lead to polynomial time algorithms for computing the lower and upper bounds of optimal SDWS solutions under the two objectives, and efficient algorithms for computing optimal SDWS solutions under the two objectives. We have implemented these algorithms and compared them with existing design methods for driver sizing only or independent driver and wire sizing. Accurate SPICE simulations shows that our methods reduce the delay by up to 11%–47% and power dissipation by 26%–63% compared with existing design methods.
On Performance of Combining Methods for Three-Node Relay Network

We study the performance of the three-node relay network. Three combining methods for the Amplify-and-Forward (AF) protocol and the Decode-and-Forward (DF) protocol are compared. Simulations indicate that the AF protocol is better than DF under all these three combining methods. To combine the incoming signals the channel quality should be estimated as accuracy as possible, more estimation accuracy requires more resource. A very simple combining method can obtain the performance comparative with optimal combining methods approximately. At the same time, all three combining methods for both diversity protocols can achieve the maximum diversity order.
Baseband predistortion techniques for M-QAM transmission using non-linear power amplifiers

This paper presents a combined table look-up and polynomial-based predistortion (TLPPD) scheme for M-QAM transmission using non-linear power amplifiers. By applying a table look-up approach, the overall AM/AM and AM/PM distortion characteristics of the amplifier are divided into a small number of segments so that the non-linear behavior of each segment can be modeled by polynomials of lower order. As a result, the proposed scheme can offer both reduced complexity and faster convergence while maintaining the required accuracy as compared to the table look-up and polynomial-based techniques. Performance evaluation using simulation and experiments is presented. Power spectra and out-of-band emission of M-QAM systems using the proposed scheme and nonlinear power amplifier to achieve both high power and bandwidth efficiencies are also examined by simulation and experiments. Results indicate that the proposed scheme is suitable for applications of bandwidth-efficient M-QAM to PCS systems using non-linear amplifiers.
A Sparse Representation-Based Face Recognition Using Mixed Group Sparsity

Empirical evidence shows that introducing additional structured priors can reduce complexity of coding data, and achieve better performance. To improve the performance of sparse representation-based classification (SRC), the article based on the potential correlations between the elements of dictionary gets a mixed group sparsity which is composed of dynamic group sparsity and fixed-length group sparsity. To solve the structured sparsity efficiently, structured greedy algorithm (structOMP) is redesigned to fit the new structure. The modification includes search space and its neighbor. Finally, three sparse models are compared by experiments of face recognition, and the results show that the mixed group sparsity can improve the face recognition rate of other sparse models by 10% or more in dealing with corrupted data.
2-Aryl-4-azido-3-(bromo/iodo)quinolines as Substrates for the Synthesis of Primary 4-Amino-2,3-disubstituted Quinoline Derivatives.

Staudinger reaction of the 2-aryl-4-azido-3-bromoquinolines and 2-aryl-4-azido-3-iodoquinolines with triphenyl phosphine in refluxing tetrahydrofuran afforded series of 2-aryl-3-halogeno-4-(triphenylphosphoranylideneamino)quinolines. The latter were, in turn, hydrolyzed to the corresponding primary 4-amino-2-aryl-3-(bromo/iodo)quinolines using 80% acetic acid under reflux. Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)-palladium(O)-catalyzed Suzuki reaction of the 2-aryl-3-iodo-4-(triphenylphosphoranylideneamino)-quinolines with phenylboronic acid in dimethyl formamide in the presence of 2 M K2CO3 followed by hydrolysis of the incipient 2,3-diaryl-4-(triphenylphosphoranylideneamino)quinolines with 80% acetic acid afforded the 4-amino-2,3-diarylquinolines.
Ceramic‐based Anode Materials for Improved Redox Cycling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

In order to improve the reliability of anode‐supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) in terms of tolerance to redox cycles, and to minimise fuel preprocessing for the direct use of readily available hydrocarbons in SOFCs, alternative ceramic‐based anode substrate materials and functional anode materials were investigated, with the emphasis on perovskite oxides. Compared to (Sr,La)TiO3–δ and Nb2TiO7–δ, (Sr,Y)TiO3–δ ceramics (SYT, with a Y content of about 7 at.‐%) reduced at high temperatures are promising redox‐stable anode substrate materials due to their very small dimensional change upon redox cycling (0.14%). Correspondingly, the composite ceramic SYT/YSZ impregnated with ∼5 vol.‐% Ni has a good chance of being applied as a redox‐stable functional anode material due to its even smaller dimensional change upon redox cycling (<0.05%) and superior electrochemical performance for H2 oxidation (polarisation resistance ∼0.2 Ω cm2 at 800 °C). The small fraction of Ni homogeneously dispersed on the pore walls of the SYT/YSZ ceramic framework significantly enhances the electrocatalytic activity, and should not have a detrimental effect on the redox stability of the electrode. In addition, two mixed conductors with perovskite structure, (La0.8Sr0.2)0.94Al0. 5Mn0.5O3–δ and La0.4Sr0. 6Ti0.4Mn0. 6O3–δ, were also investigated. They show promising electrochemical performance for the oxidation of H2. However, the high‐level Mn substitution which seems necessary to achieve a significant electrical conductivity and catalytic activity has a detrimental effect on the chemical stability of these two materials. Consequently, they show relatively large and irreversible chemical expansion and are thus not considered to be qualified functional anode materials.
Adaptive regulation of arterial gas pressures by using robust adaptive control scheme

A robust adaptive control scheme is investigated and implemented to regulate arterial oxygen pressure and carbon dioxide pressure independently at their desired levels by automatically adjusting two control inputs, the inspired oxygen concentration and the respiratory frequency, in accordance with continuously monitored transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide pressures. A least-squares scheme using multiple models with different dead time and adjustable parameters can effectively determine the linearized first-order input-output model, including uncertain parameters and dead time. The proposed adaptive model-matching algorithm includes a supervisory controller and a robust controller with a Smith predictor to minimize the sensitivity to modeling errors, variations, and disturbances in the controlled subject. An animal experiment has shown that the proposed control algorithm can be easily implemented in an ordinary artificial ventilator. <<ETX>>
A New Route to 1-Oxo-1,2-dihydropyrimido[1,6-a]benzimidazole-4-carboxylates from Ethyl 2-(Benzimidazol-2-yl)-3-(dimethylamino)acrylate Using Solvent-Free Conditions

Ethyl 2-(Benzimidazol-2-yl)-3-(dimethylamino)acrylate ( 3 ) has been used as starting material to develop a mild, efficient solvent-free preparation of ethyl 1-oxo (or thioxo)-1,2dihydro-pyrimido[1,6a ]benzimidazol-4-carboxylates 6 (X = O, S) from a variety of isocyanates 4b–d and isothiocyanates 4a , e,f , in yields ranging from 52 to 82%. The synthesis of the starting benzimidazole 3 (82% yield) without solvent, assisted by focused microwave irradiation, is also reported.
Synchronous machine parameter identification: a time domain approach

A time-domain method is described for the identification of synchronous-machine equivalent-circuit parameter using on-line measurements obtained while the machine is operating under normal conditions, and is perturbed by a small disturbance. The advantage of this method is that only linear optimization techniques are required to determine the machine parameters and, therefore, convergence is guaranteed. The method requires no disruption of machine service and the identified parameters relate to normal operating conditions. >
Finding Usage Patterns from Generalized Weblog Data

Buried in the enormous, heterogeneous and distributed information, contained in the web server access logs, is knowledge with great potential value. As websites continue to grow in number and complexity, web usage mining systems face two significant challenges - scalability and accuracy. This thesis develops a web data generalization technique and incorporates it into the web usage mining framework in an attempt to exploit this information-rich source of data for effective and efficient pattern discovery. Given a concept hierarchy on the web pages, generalization replaces actual page-clicks with their general concepts. Existing methods do this by taking a level-based cut through the concept hierarchy. This adversely affects the quality of mined patterns since, depending on the depth of the chosen level, either significant pages of user interests get coalesced, or many insignificant concepts are retained. We present a usage driven concept ascension algorithm, which only preserves significant items, possibly at different levels in the hierarchy. Concept usage is estimated using a small stratified sample of the large weblog data. A usage threshold is then used to define the nodes to be pruned in the hierarchy for generalization. Our experiments on large real weblog data demonstrate improved performance in terms of quality and computation time of the pattern discovery process. Our algorithm yields an effective and scalable tool for web usage mining.
MQoSR: A Multiobjective QoS Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

With the growing demand for quality-of-service (QoS) aware routing protocol in wireless networks, QoS-based routing has emerged as an interesting research topic. Quality of service guarantee in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is difficult and more challenging due to the fact that the available resources of sensors and the various applications running over these networks have different constraints in their nature and requirements. In this paper, we present a heuristic neighbor selection mechanism in WSNs that uses the geographic routing mechanism combined with the QoS requirements to provide multiobjective QoS routing (MQoSR) for different application requirements. The problem of providing QoS routing is formulated as link, and path-based metrics. The link-based metrics are partitioned in terms of reliability, delay, distance to sink, and energy, and the path-based metrics are presented in terms of end-to-end delay, reliability of data transmission, and network lifetime. The simulation results demonstrate that MQoSR protocol is able to achieve the delay requirements, and due to optimum path selection process, the achieved data delivery ratio is always above the required one. MQoSR protocol outperforms the existing model in the literature remarkably in terms of reliable data transmission, time data delivery, and routing overhead and underlines the importance of energy-efficient solution to enhance network lifetime.
Reconsidering the Checklist in Teaching Internet Source Evaluation

The growing importance of the Internet in our society requires that university graduates be skilled in critical evaluation of the messages and sources present in the online world. Traditional efforts to teach these skills have relied on specific, checklist-like tools; recently, these approaches have rightly come under criticism for being ill-suited to authentic, modern Internet tasks. This article proposes that such specific tools still have a place, however, and suggests a new version of such a tool that better addresses a changing Internet and the evolving ways we use this medium for information-seeking tasks.
Design of a scalable pipelined RAM system

This paper describes a scalable pipelined RAM system (SPRAMS) for packet switching. The SPRAMS consists of a two-dimensional array of small memory blocks which are fully pipelined and communicate with adjacent blocks in three directions. The maximum delay of a small memory block becomes the cycle time of the chip. The array configuration is scalable for large memory size without the cycle time variation. It has an initial latency of N+3 cycles with an N/spl times/N array configuration. We have designed an experimental 200 MHz 4 kbit static RAM chip with the 4/spl times/4 array configuration of 256 bit SRAM blocks. It was fabricated in 0.8 /spl mu/m single-poly double-metal CMOS technology. Experimental results describe the advantages of SPRAMS.
A 5-V CMOS line controller with 16-b audio converters

A 5-V CMOS line controller is presented. The circuit was designed using a 2- mu m CMOS technology with two layers of polysilicon and two layers of metal. The total circuit area is 15 mm/sup 2/, of which 6.5 mm/sup 2/ is used for converters, 1.6 mm/sup 2/ for the DC feed controller, and 1.5 mm/sup 2/ for the digital interface; the rest is overhead for periphery. Audio converter performances, such as 16-b dynamic range or 15-b A/D linearity, and their stability over process and operating condition variations point out the efficiency and robustness of the selected design techniques. These are a tone-tolerant second-order delta-sigma modulator design, a matching-independent 2-b D/A conversion scheme, a clock-feedthrough compensation technique, and a two-stage amplifier with a noise bandwidth limited by the switches. Converter performances and DC feed controller absolute accuracy and programmability match the new line card design targets and indicate that this circuit is viable for large volume production. >
Extracting Feature Curves on Point Sets

We present an effective algorithm for detecting feature curves on point sets. Based on the local surface fitting method, our algorithm first compute the curvatures and principal directions of each point of point sets. The algorithm then extracts potential feature points according to the biggist principal curvature of the point, and evaluates the principal directions of the detected points. By projecting the points onto the principal axes of their neighborhoods, the potential feature points are smoothed. Using the principal directions with each optimized point, feature curves are generated by polyline growing along the principal directions of feature points. The results indicate that our algorithm is sensitive to both sharp and smooth feature curves of point set, and it supports multi-resolution extraction of features.
Synthesis of 1,3,3a,5-Tetraaryl-3a,4,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a] [1,5]benzodiazepines

A series of 3a,5-diaryl-1,3-diphenyl-3a,4,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a][1,5]benzo-diazepines was synthesized by the cycloaddition reactions of 2,4-diaryl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,5-benzo-diazepines and N-phenylbenzonitrileimine generated from N-phenylbenzenecarbohydrazonic chloride in the presence of triethylamine in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:557–559, 2001
A Prolog Benchmark Suite for Aquarius

This report describes a suite of benchmarks for Prolog implementation research. It includes an explanation of the format of the suite, which is meant to facilitate use of the benchmarks. The principal idea of this format is to maintain for each benchmark a master file from which particular instances - for particular Prolog execution systems, for particular statistics to capture, etc. - are generated automatically using a preprocessor. A preprocessor provided with the suite for this purpose is described, along with a related utility and a simple framework for execution time measurement. Source code for these is appended. Possibilities for future work with respect both to this suite and to Prolog benchmarking more generally are dis- cussed briefly. For each benchmark in the suite, source code and execution times under C Prolog and Quintus Prolog (compiled) on a Sun 3/60 are appended.
Seamless Failure Recovery for Real-time Multimedia Applications in MPLS Networks

The QoS provided by current best effort Internet is not good enough for real-time multimedia applications that are categorized as premium traffic. It is believed that QoS guarantees could be better provided by the connection oriented networks. Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is one such technology and these connection oriented networks are inherently more prone to network failures. Re-routing is a solution to cope with them. However, the re-routing always causes packet losses and results in service outage. Therefore, the QoS of the real-time premium traffic is highly degraded. The seamless failure recovery proposed in this paper can be used for real-time premium traffic that needs a guaranteed QoS. It applies an FEC technique to the conventional re-routing based path protection and seamlessly recovers the packet losses due to re-routing by way of an FEC recovery technique. The numerical and simulation results show that the proposed method can provide network architecture without service outage for real-time premium traffic while minimizing the service costs such as redundant traffic and additional buffer at edge routers.
Research on MATLAB Programming Efficiency

MATLAB is a powerful tool for data processing. This paper focused on how to enhance the efficiency of scientific computation in seismic data processing by improving the traditional MATLAB programming code. Some examples were presented to demonstrate the advantage of vector addressing over the traditional scalar addressing. Vector addressing programming can simplify the code significantly, and can it also improve the compiling efficiency and executing efficiency of the code. The other examples were given to illustrate the use of the colon and some special values that can improve the MATLAB programming efficiency. Some issues in this paper can also serve as guidelines for professionals in other disciplines.
Polarimetric speckle reduction by using multi-texture maximum likelihood method

The reduction of speckle in SAR (synthetic aperture radar) image is the prime problem in SAR image processing. The authors propose a new approach in polarimetric SAR speckle reduction. They estimate simultaneously the texture parameters of multi-polarimetric channels by the method of maximum likelihood under the assumption of multi-texture. This approach preserves the polarimetric properties, reduces the couple between polarimetric channels. They also compare it with the PWF (polarimetric whitening filter).
ANALYSIS TOOLBOX STRESSING PARALLELISM OF SISO AND MIMO PROBLEMS

Abstract In the paper the toolbox for dynamical system analysis is presented and illustrated for the model of real multivariable plant. Its possibilities can be observed in several different ways. The functions realized in Matlab program package can treat similarly SISO and MIMO systems in several different design phases, so they are organized in four groups: in open and closed-loop analysis and in absolute and relative validation. The access to all options is enabled also through windows oriented graphical environment. Good experiences with toolbox usage confirmed correct orientation of the discussed software.
Partitioned frequency domain adaptive filters

Convergence characteristics of adaptive filters are influenad b y the statistical properties (correlation) of the input signal. In order t o remove this dependency, decordation can be applied which can be performed in fmquency domain by simple power normalisation of each sepamte frequency bin. This leads to the Frequency Domain Adaptive Filter (FDAF), in which the length of the transformation between timeand frequency-domain is choosen to be equal to the length N of the adaptive filter. However the relevant length Of this transformation is determined by the stotieticol properties of the input signal and needs not to be equal to N . By applying different partitioning schemes to the FDAFstructure it is shown that it is possible to decouple the length of the transformation and the length N of the adaptivejlter. -
An Effective Ultralightweight RFID Secure Protocol with Mutual Authentication

Due to the radio transmission nature of RFID, the challenge of security and privacy has seriously hindered the large-scale development of RFID technology. However, low-cost RFID tags have the characteristic of extremely limited resources, traditional security primitives cannot be better applied in RFID system. Hence, Designing an effective ultralightweight security protocol applying to low-cost tag is crucial for the various applications of RFID system. In this paper, we propose an ultralightweight secure protocol with mutual authentication. Without adopting classical cryptographic primitives, the protocol proposed only employs simple bit-wise operations such as xor and module addition. Meanwhile, the protocol can resist various attacks and has features of low computation cost and communication traffic.
Design and Implementation of A Weakness Analyzer for Mobile Applications

The dissemination and use of mobile applications have been rapidly expanding these days. And in such a situation, the security of mobile applications has emerged as a new issue. Although the safety of general software such as desktop and enterprise software is systematically achieved from the development phase to the verification phase through secure coding, there have been not sufficient studies on the safety of mobile applications yet. This paper deals with deriving weakness enumeration specialized in mobile applications and implementing a tool that can automatically analyze the derived weakness. Deriving the weakness enumeration can be achieved based on CWE(Common Weakness Enumeration) and CERT(Computer Emergency Response Team) relating to the event-driven method that is generally used in developing mobile applications. The analysis tool uses the dynamic tests to check whether there are specified vulnerabilities in the source code of mobile applications. Moreover, the derived vulnerability could be used as a guidebook for programmers to develop mobile applications.
A tunable switched-capacitor programmable N-path tone receiver and generator

An integrated full-duplex tone receiver and generator used for signaling in mobile radio systems and realized with a switched-capacitor pseudo N-path technique is described. A receiver filter with a quality factor programmable in the range 10-230 with an in-band loss less than 0.2 dB and center frequencies from 1 Hz up to 10 kHz was achieved. The tone generator of the system was realized with a programmable gain switched-capacitor amplifier that generates an eight-sample pseudo-sine-wave signal. The chip was fabricated using a 3- mu m double-poly CMOS process. Its power consumption is 17 mW with a single 5-V supply, and its size is 18 mm/sup 2/. >