Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relational dynamic memory networks

Neural networks excel in detecting regular patterns but are less successful in representing and manipulating complex data structures, possibly due to the lack of an external memory. This has led to the recent development of a new line of architectures known as Memory-Augmented Neural Networks (MANNs), each of which consists of a neural network that interacts with an external memory matrix. However, this RAM-like memory matrix is unstructured and thus does not naturally encode structured objects. Here we design a new MANN dubbed Relational Dynamic Memory Network (RMDN) to bridge the gap. Like existing MANNs, RMDN has a neural controller but its memory is structured as multi-relational graphs. RMDN uses the memory to represent and manipulate graph-structured data in response to query; and as a neural network, RMDN is trainable from labeled data. Thus RMDN learns to answer queries about a set of graph-structured objects without explicit programming. We evaluate the capability of RMDN on several important prediction problems, including software vulnerability, molecular bioactivity and chemical-chemical interaction. Results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed model.
Evaluation of Prenatal Exposure to Bisphenol Analogues on Development and Long-Term Health of the Mammary Gland in Female Mice

Background: Continued efforts to phase out bisphenol A (BPA) from consumer products have been met with the challenges of finding safer alternatives. Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether early-life exposure to BPA and its related analogues, bisphenol AF (BPAF) and bisphenol S (BPS), could affect female pubertal mammary gland development and long-term mammary health in mice. Methods: Timed pregnant CD-1 mice were exposed to vehicle, BPA (0.5, 5, 50mg/kg), BPAF (0.05, 0.5, 5mg/kg), or BPS (0.05, 0.5, 5mg/kg) via oral gavage between gestation days 10–17. Mammary glands were collected from resulting female offspring at postnatal day (PND) 20, 28, 35, and 56, and at 3, 8, and 14 months for whole mount, histopathological evaluation, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR); serum steroid concentrations were also measured at these time points. Results: In the bisphenol-exposed mice, accelerated mammary gland development was evident during early puberty and persisted into adulthood. By late adulthood, mammary glands from bisphenol-exposed female offspring exhibited adverse morphology in comparison with controls; most prominent were undifferentiated duct ends, significantly more lobuloalveolar hyperplasia and perivascular inflammation, and various tumors, including adenocarcinomas. Effects were especially prominent in the BPAF 5mg/kg and BPS 0.5mg/kg groups. Serum steroid concentrations and mammary mRNA levels of Esr1, Pgr, Ar, and Gper1 were similar to controls. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that prenatal exposure of mice to BPAF or BPS induced precocious development of the mammary gland, and that siblings were significantly more susceptible to spontaneous preneoplastic epithelial lesions and inflammation, with an incidence greater than that observed in vehicle- and BPA-exposed animals. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3189
Circuit Techniques for Enhanced Channel Selectivity in Passive Mixer-First Receivers

Two techniques are proposed to enhance channel selectivity in passive-mixer first receivers. Positive capacitive feedback and/or a shunting notch provides steeper baseband, and thus RF, impedance roll-off and improved adjacent-channel linearity. The receiver operates at RF frequencies from 2-11GHz and achieves a blocker PldB compression of +1.8dBm and IIP3 of +20dBm for a blocker frequency-offset of 70MHz (BBBW=30MHz) at fRF=5GHz. The NF ranges from 9±ldB to 11±ldB over the frequency range of fRF=2-8GHz. The chip has been fabricated in a 130nm SiGe BiCMOS technology.
A compact representation for multiple scattering in participating media using neural networks

Many materials, such as milk or wax, exhibit scattering effects; incoming light enters the material and is scattered inside, giving a translucent aspect. These effects are computationally intensive as they require simulating a large number of events. Full computations are expensive, even with accelerating methods such as Virtual Ray Lights. The dipole approximation [Jensen et al. 2001] is fast, but a strong approximation. Precomputing the material response for multiple scattering [Moon et al. 2007; Wang and Holzschuch 2017] integrates well with existing rendering algorithms, allowing separate computation for single- and double- scattering, and fast computation for multiple scattering. Their main issue is efficient storage for the precomputed multiple scattering data.
The Optimal Differential Privacy Mechanism under Hamming Distortion for Universal Memoryless Source Classes

To be considered for the 2016 IEEE Jack Keil Wolf ISIT Student Paper Award. We develop the tradeoff between privacy, quantified using local differential privacy (L-DP), and utility, quantified using Hamming distortion, for specific classes of universal memoryless finite-alphabet sources. In particular, for the class of permutation invariant sources (i.e., sources whose distributions are invariant under permutations), the optimal L-DP mechanism is obtained. On the other hand, for the class of sources with ordered statistics (i.e., for every distribution $P=(P_1,P_2,.,P_M) \in \mathcal{P}, P_1 \ge P_2 \ge P_3 \ge \ldots \ge P_M$), upper and lower bounds on the achievable local differential privacy are derived with optimality results for specific range of distortions.
UTBB FD-SOI Circuit Design using Multifinger Transistors: A Circuit-Device Interaction Perspective

This paper examines and models the performance of mlutifinger Ultra-Thin Box and Body Fully-Depleted (UTBBFD-SOI) MOSFETs in the presence of process induced mechani- cal stress. We model the channel stress and effective drive current $(I_{eff})$ in a multifinger FDSOI MOSFET (Si channel NMOS and SiGe channel PMOS) as a function of number of fingers (NFs). The proposed $I_{eff}$ model predicts the performance (i.e., $I_{\mathrm {e}ff})$ of Inverter/NAND-2/NAND-3 with a maximum error of 7% compared to Sentaurus TCAD simulations. We show that as the NFs in an NMOSFET increases from 1 to 12, $I_{\mathrm {e}ff}$ per micrometer width increases by $\approx ~36$% and subsequently saturates. This is due to the increase in the channel stress with the NFs, which is similar to as observed in the bulk-CMOS technology. However, due to high biaxial stress, a PMOSFET’s (SiGe channel) performance changes only marginally with the NFs. This is because the improvement in hole mobility saturates at high biaxial stress values. We also show that the FO4 delay of an inverter reduces by 16.67% when twelve-finger devices are used to design the inverter rather than single finger devices. Finally, using our stress model and $I_{eff}$ for an inverter$/\mathrm {N}\mathrm {A}\mathrm {N}\mathrm {D}/\mathrm {N}\mathrm {O}\mathrm {R}$ cells, we propose a modified logical effort methodology (LEM) for combinational data-paths which incorporates multifinger effects in FDSOI MOSFETs. A 5-stage data-path designed using our LEM results in 14.3% improvement in total active area and 7% reduction in leakage power without a loss in speed compared to conventional technique.
Reputation-Based Security System For Edge Computing

Given the centralized architecture of cloud computing, there is a genuine concern about its ability to adequately cope with the demands of connecting devices which are sharply increasing in number and capacity. This has led to the emergence of edge computing technologies, including but not limited to mobile edge-clouds. As a branch of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks, mobile edge-clouds inherits disturbing security concerns which have not been adequately addressed in previous methods. P2P security systems have featured many trust-based methods owing to their suitability and cost advantage, but these approaches still lack in a number of ways. They mostly focus on protecting client nodes from malicious service providers, but downplay the security of service provider nodes, thereby creating potential loopholes for bandwidth attack. Similarly, trust bootstrapping is often via default scores, or based on heuristics that does not reflect the identity of a newcomer. This work has patched these inherent loopholes and improved fairness among participating peers. The use cases of mobile edge-clouds have been particularly considered and a scalable reputation based security mechanism was derived to suit them. BitTorrent protocol was modified to form a suitable test bed, using Peersim simulator. The proposed method was compared to some related methods in the literature through detailed simulations. Results show that the new method can foster trust and significantly improve network security, in comparison to previous similar systems.
To Trust or Not to Trust: Data Origin Authentication for Group Communication in 5G Networks

With the expected massive increase in high-bandwidth applications over 5G cellular networks, the efficient use of radio-network and core-network infrastructures becomes essential. Group communication is a method for transmitting data efficiently from one source to many receivers. In this paper we study the security provided in terms of authenticity and integrity for group communication in 5G networks. We identify that the current security solutions involve trusting the benignity and operational security of network operators as well as its users since the current security solutions do not provide data origin authentication. Based on this insight, we present two attack scenarios in which an adversary exploits the provided level of authenticity such that arbitrary data can be injected maliciously while receivers consider the data as if they were sent by the claimed source. We evaluate potential approaches to provide data origin authentication in 5G and show that future research is required for a general solution.
Epigenetics and Malaria Susceptibility/Protection: A Missing Piece of the Puzzle

A better understanding of stable changes in regulation of gene expression that result from epigenetic events is of great relevance in the development of strategies to prevent and treat infectious diseases. Histone modification and DNA methylation are key epigenetic mechanisms that can be regarded as marks, which ensure an accurate transmission of the chromatin states and gene expression profiles over generations of cells. There is an increasing list of these modifications, and the complexity of their action is just beginning to be understood. It is clear that the epigenetic landscape plays a fundamental role in most biological processes that involve the manipulation and expression of DNA. Although the molecular mechanism of gene regulation is relatively well understood, the hierarchical order of events and dependencies that lead to protection against infection remain largely unknown. In this review, we propose that host epigenetics is an essential, though relatively under studied, factor in the protection or susceptibility to malaria.
A 750μW −88dBm-Sensitivity CMOS Sub-harmonic Phase-Tracking Receiver

A low-power phase-tracking receiver (PTRX) is proposed featuring a sub-harmonic mixer with a local oscillator (LO) operating at half of the carrier frequency. A co-design methodology together with current reuse technique is adopted to further improve the power efficiency. Fabricated in a 65nm CMOS process, the PTRX prototype measures noise figure of 7.1dB and sensitivity of −88dBm with J-Mb/s BLE Gaussian-Frequency-Shift-Keying (GFSK) data while consuming 750μW at 0.4/0.6V supply voltages.
InFO_AiP Technology for High Performance and Compact 5G Millimeter Wave System Integration

InFO_AiP technology, with low loss chip-to-antenna interconnect and wideband slot-coupled patch antenna, is proposed for low power, high performance, and compact 5G millimeter wave (mmWave) system integration. The low loss chip-to-antenna interconnect is related to low metal surface roughness of redistribution layer (RDL) and smooth interconnect transition between chip and package in InFO technology. The InFO RDL with low metal roughness results in transmission loss of 0.3 dB/mm which is lower than the loss of Cu trace on substrate, and the smooth interconnect transition with low discontinuity structure reduces the interconnect loss, by 0.78 dB at 60 GHz. A wideband slot-coupled patch antenna is designed successfully with 22.8% FBW (56.6-71.2GHz) and over antenna gain of 3 dBi in the operating band. To verify the technology performance, an InFO_AiP sample at 60 GHz is first designed, fabricated, and measured. The measurement result has a good agreement with the simulation and shows S11 ? -10 dB bandwidth of 55-65 GHz. As a result, InFO_AiP is a leading technology for 5G mmWave system application from power and performance considerations.
An RDL-First Fan-out Wafer Level Package for Heterogeneous Integration Applications

Fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP), a new heterogeneous integration technology, is gradually becoming an attractive solution. Compared with conventional 2.5D/3D IC structures, fan-out WLP does not use a costly interposer element and can have a thin, high-density, and low-cost IC packaging. In this study, a novel fan-out WLP with RDL-first method is demonstrated. Finite element method was used to optimize the warpage control of a reconstituted wafer and to identify the material properties and fabrication for the FOWLP. Calculation results were applied in the design of the test vehicle. Reliability testing of each component level was performed with different techniques such as temperature cycling test (TCT), high temperature storage (HTS) and thermal humidity storage test (THST). The demonstration of RDL-first WLP technology without interposer proves that it has excellent potential for heterogeneous integration applications.
Engineering full-fidelity hair for Incredibles 2

For Incredibles 2, we achieved interactive full-fidelity procedurally-generated hair, yielding artist freedom and productivity surpassing our previous hair tools. We implemented highly parallel algorithms for hair growth and deformation and used fast, modern techniques for graph evaluation, subdivision surfaces, Poisson disk sampling, and scattered data interpolation. Working with full-fidelity hair presented a data scale challenge to our shot pipeline, but we overcame it by allowing a trade-off of control flexibility for speed, maintaining geometric complexity.
Study of Wearables with Embedded Electronics Through Experiments and Simulations

Wearables with flexible electronics are being increasingly used to monitor human metrics for health and fitness purposes. In the course of their application, these devices may be stretched, bent, and twisted frequently and repetitively under a variety of conditions. In this ongoing project, a variety of potential mechanical loads are being studied and compared to simulated models to improve the understanding the failure modes of these devices. Several existing products are being studied at Georgia Tech using applied mechanical loads as well as environmental conditions to understand resulting effects on device performance and reliability. In this paper, we examine one of these devices, a smart fitness sock that uses textile pressure sensors connected via a conductive yarn to a communication anklet. In this work, the sock is subjected to various mechanical stretching loads while the electrical resistance of its conductive yarn is monitored. The applied stretching conditions are analogous to the conditions experienced by the sock yarns during the process of putting it on as well as while being worn over a number of hours. Strain contours from stretching experiments are determined through digital image correlation (DIC) and are compared with the results from finite-element simulations. The sock is also subjected to several other conditions including exposure to a sweat-like solution as well as multiple laundry wash cycles, and the effects of such exposure are examined. Based on the work, a better understanding of sock reliability and performance is obtained and can be applied to other emerging wearables.
Towards an Automated Recognition System for Chat-based Social Engineering Attacks in Enterprise Environments

Increase in usage of electronic communication tools (email, IM, Skype, etc.) in enterprise environments has created new attack vectors for social engineers. Billions of people are now using electronic equipment in their everyday workflow which means billions of potential victims of Social Engineering (SE) attacks. Human is considered the weakest link in cybersecurity chain and breaking this defense is nowadays the most accessible route for malicious internal and external users. While several methods of protection have already been proposed and applied, none of these focuses on chat-based SE attacks while at the same time automation in the field is still missing. Social engineering is a complex phenomenon that requires interdisciplinary research combining technology, psychology, and linguistics. Attackers treat human personality traits as vulnerabilities and use the language as their weapon to deceive, persuade and finally manipulate the victims as they wish. Hence, a holistic approach is required to build a reliable SE attack recognition system. In this paper we present the current state-of-the-art on SE attack recognition systems, we dissect a SE attack to recognize the different stages, forms, and attributes and isolate the critical enablers that can influence a SE attack to work. Finally, we present our approach for an automated recognition system for chat-based SE attacks that is based on Personality Recognition, Influence Recognition, Deception Recognition, Speech Act and Chat History.
High Thermal Conductive Semi-Sintering Die Attach Paste

Across the electronics spectrum, footprint miniaturization alongside expanded functionality is pushing power densities to the max, increasing heat generation and potentially impacting reliability. The examples are endless. From the growth of smartphone RF bands to the demands placed on data center systems to the proliferation of electronics content in automobiles – all of these illustrate the need for materials capable of managing the thermal load. While high performance thermal interface materials deliver this function at the board and component level, at the foundation of the package – the die level—current solutions either require complex processes or incorporate materials (namely solder) that will soon be phased out due to environmental legislation. This paper will discuss the development of a novel, regulation-compliant die attach paste with robust electrical and thermal performance.
Cyclostationary Phase Analysis on Micro-Doppler Parameters for Radar-Based Small UAVs Detection

Robust radar detection for small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is a challenging problem, as UAVs tend to fly at slow speed and low altitude, with a small radar cross section. Those properties may lead to difficulties in separating echoes from a significant clutter response. In this case, micro-Doppler (m-D) effect induced by the rotation of the rotor blades would be another preferable signature to enhance the discrimination between ground clutter and UAVs returns, as well as associated correct labels to small UAVs among others (such as birds). However, the detection presents two stubborn problems. First, the m-D signal always consists of multiple components, one of which is induced by the vibration of the platform. It is inevitable that the estimation precision would be affected by the m-D interference. Second, the m-D components would be rather weak. It could not always be observed due to the shelter of Doppler signal induced by the translation of the platform. In this paper, we propose the cyclostationary phase analysis (CPA) to estimate the m-D parameters for radar detection of small UAVs. This method utilizes the phase term of the returned signal as the input of the cyclostationary analysis. It could simplify the procedure of the parameter estimation, as well as reducing the m-D interference. Moreover, since the phase term of the Doppler components is not cyclostationary, the CPA could eliminate the impact of Doppler signal. Simulations and filed experiments are provided to showing an outranking performance than the existing methods in estimation precision.
A 40nm 4-downlink and 2-uplink RF Transceiver Supporting LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation

A multi-band multi-mode LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) transceiver is demonstrated in this paper. There are 4 receivers (RX) to support inter-band and intra-band downlink (DL) carrier aggregation (CA) with 256QAM modulation. The RX noise figure (NF) is better than 2.5 dB for RF frequencies < 2.7 GHz and the NF is 3.5 dB in the 5 GHz band. In addition, there are two transmitters (TX) to support inter-band and intra-band uplink (UL) CA with 64QAM modulation. The TX EVM is 1.59% in the 3.5 GHz band. The system architecture and circuit techniques to overcome the 4RX/2TX CA spurs and interferences are described in this paper. It is shown that there is no unwanted CA spur in the signal bandwidth.
A High-Efficiency Discrete Current Mode Output Stage Potentiostat Instrumentation for Self-Powered Electrochemical Devices

Power usage reduction and efficiency enhancement of measurement devices are a major challenge in self-powered wireless sensor nodes and also sensors implanted in the human body. Such instruments should be usually operated using the limited environmental energy resources. Electrochemical sensors and potentiostats are extensively used in this context for the measurement of chemical components. In these cases, a lot of research has focused on internal processing blocks power reduction of the potentiostat circuit. In this paper, a discrete current mode (DCM) switching potentiostat is presented, which can significantly reduce the static power usage at the output stage of the potentiostat compared with linear output stage counterparts. Using time-domain analyses, the unexpected oscillatory behavior of a continuous current mode (CCM) output stage switching potentiostat is investigated. Consecutively, it is shown that in current fabrication processes, this configuration will consume more power than the DCM topology. The correctness of the designs and analyses are shown using both simulation and experimental results. The simulated 0.18-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS DCM output stage potentiostat has an efficiency of 95% at an output load of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$12~\mu \text{A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, while the long-channel MOSFET-based prototype implementation shows an efficiency of 64%.
FluoEM, virtual labeling of axons in three-dimensional electron microscopy data for long-range connectomics

The labeling and identification of long-range axonal inputs from multiple sources within densely reconstructed electron microscopy (EM) datasets from mammalian brains has been notoriously difficult because of the limited color label space of EM. Here, we report FluoEM for the identification of multi-color fluorescently labeled axons in dense EM data without the need for artificial fiducial marks or chemical label conversion. The approach is based on correlated tissue imaging and computational matching of neurite reconstructions, amounting to a virtual color labeling of axons in dense EM circuit data. We show that the identification of fluorescent light- microscopically (LM) imaged axons in 3D EM data from mouse cortex is faithfully possible as soon as the EM dataset is about 40–50 µm in extent, relying on the unique trajectories of axons in dense mammalian neuropil. The method is exemplified for the identification of long-distance axonal input into layer 1 of the mouse cerebral cortex.