Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of Aperiodic Subarrayed Phased Arrays With Structural Repetitiveness

To eliminate the grating lobes of subarrayed phased arrays, the state-of-the-art methods mainly use subarrays of various shapes to make up an irregular subarray tiling configuration (irRSTC), so as to break the periodicity of the subarray tiling configuration. However, it leads to high design complexity due to the lack of structural repetitiveness. Different from the previous idea, the periodicity of the subarray tiling configuration is broken by introducing asymmetrical feeding phase into subarrays in this article. Specifically, a regular subarray tiling configuration (RSTC) is proposed, and it is obtained by replication and flipping of a regular subarray with asymmetrical feeding phase. In this way, the structural repetitiveness is achieved, while the periodicity of the RSTC is broken. Furthermore, to enhance the beam scanning ability, the aperiodicity of the RSTC is maximized by minimizing the predictability of the RSTC, based on the anticorrelation relationship between the aperiodicity and the predictability. Numerical results show that compared with the irRSTC, the proposed RSTC can expand the beam scanning range by 10° and improve the directivity of larger angle scanning by 2.9 dB only at an expense of 1.9 dB reduction at the boresight. Besides, the design complexity of the proposed RSTC is reduced to 1/64 of that of the irRSTC for a 16 $\times16$ array.
Generalized Elastic Model: Fractional Langevin Description, Fluctuation Relation, and Linear Response

The Generalized Elastic Model is a linear stochastic model which accounts for the behaviour of many physical systems in nature, ranging from polymeric chains to single-file systems. If an external perturbation is exerted only on a single point x ⋆ (tagged probe ), it propagates throughout the entire system. Within the fractional Langevin equation framework, we study the effect of such a perturbation, in cases of a constant force applied. We report most of the results arising from our previous analysis and, in the present work, we show that the Fox H -functions formalism provides a compact, elegant and useful tool for the study of the scaling properties of any observable. In particular we show how the generalized Kubo fluctuation relations can be expressed in terms of H -functions.
Giant Stark effect in the emission of single semiconductor quantum dots

We study the quantum-confined Stark effect in single InAs/GaAs quantum dots embedded within a AlGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well. By significantly increasing the barrier height we can observe emission from a dot at electric fields of 500 kV cm −1, leading to Stark shifts of up to 25 meV. Our results suggest this technique may enable future applications that require self-assembled dots with transitions at the same energy.
Preliminary observations and results obtained with the ultraviolet spectrometer and polarimeter. [for Solar Maximum Mission]

New observation with the Ultraviolet Spectrometer and Polarimeter (UVSP) of a number of manifestations of solar activity obtained during the first three months of Solar Maximum Mission operations are presented. Attention is given to polarimetry in sunspots, oscillations above sunspots, density diagnostics of transition-zone plasmas in active regions, and the eruptive prominence - coronal transient link.
Tunneling anisotropic thermopower and Seebeck effects in magnetic tunnel junctions

The tunneling anisotropic magnetothermopower (TAMT) and the tunneling anisotropic spin-Seebeck (TASS) effects are studied for a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) composed of a ferromagnetic electrode, a zinc-blende semiconductor, and a normal metal. We develop a theoretical model for describing the dependence of a thermally induced tunneling current across the MTJ on the in-plane orientation of the magnetization in the ferromagnetic layer. The model accounts for the specific Bychkov-Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit interactions present in these systems, which are responsible for the C2v symmetry we find in the TAMT and the TASS.
Dynamic Modem Adaptation in Underwater Networks using Network Knowledge

This paper introduces an underwater modem adaptation based on channel descriptors and network layer knowledge. One topic in the EDA-SALSA project is smart adaptivity. We take the smart approach of not only looking at single links between nodes but exploiting the network as a whole. With awareness of existing neighbors and all their feedback, each node can conFigure itself specifically for the best acoustic transmissions tuned to the environment. The development and implementation were also successfully tested in simulations and a sea trial in the Oslo Fjord in May 2022.
Are Halide‐Perovskites Suitable Materials for Battery and Solar‐Battery Applications–Fundamental Reconsiderations on Solubility, Lithium Intercalation, and Photo‐Corrosion

In recent years the development of autonomous photo‐rechargeable batteries has received growing attention. Especially highly integrated photobatteries based on multifunctional materials able to harvest sunlight and store charge carriers are the holy grail amongst such devices. Recently 2‐(1‐cyclohexenyl)ethyl ammonium lead iodide (CHPI) has been reported as multifunctional photoelectrode material for the design of highly integrated Li‐ion photobatteries. CHPI is thereby believed to be able to reversibly intercalate Li‐ions from polar carbonate‐based electrolytes, typically used in Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, CHPI is examined closer to investigate its stability against dissolution, the possibility of Li‐intercalation and photo‐assisted deintercalation, and its general behavior under illumination in standard carbonate‐based electrolytes as well as in a newly developed low polarity electrolyte based on ortho‐difluorobenzene (o‐DFB). This study demonstrates that CHPI dissolves in contact with carbonate‐based electrolytes while being stable in o‐DFB‐based electrolyte and that no Li‐intercalation takes place in the latter. Furthermore, CHPI irreversibly photo‐corrodes during illumination and photo‐assisted deintercalation of lithium ions is not detected. These results lead to the conclusion, that CHPI is neither a suitable nor a stable material for the design of Li‐ion‐based photo‐rechargeable batteries and similar behavior for other organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite materials is expected.
A miniaturized SAW reflector filter for IF stage of CDMA cellular phone applications

A SAW reflector filter for IF stage of CDMA cellular phone applications has been developed. Because the CDMA systems use the spread spectrum technique, a bandwidth of the modulated signal becomes wide. It is about 1.25 MHz or wider. In addition, an excellent passband flatness and a very steep cutoff characteristic are required for the IF stage filter. The SAW reflector filter consists of two pairs of input IDTs, output IDTs and reflectors. This filter is miniaturized by folding the SAW propagation path using the reflectors. The reflectors are weighted for filter characteristics. Although the concept of this filter was already reported, we have studied improved design technique for reflector weighting and transducer structures. The EWC-SPUDT is introduced to the input IDTs for low insertion loss, and the double split finger structures are introduced to the output IDTs for suppressing acoustic reflection. The filter samples show excellent performances. The size of the filters are 13.5 mm ×6.5 mm ×1.8 mm, which is 30% smaller than a conventional transversal filter.
Composite adaptive neural tracking control of uncertain strict‐feedback systems

Composite adaptive neural control of uncertain strict‐feedback systems is synthesized. It mainly consists of an adaptive neural backstepping controller, an immersion and invariance (I&I) update algorithm, and a set of state filters for conquering the in‐feasibility of the states' derivatives required in the update algorithm. For compensating the indefinite coupling terms in the update algorithm, a novel nonlinear σ$$ \sigma $$ ‐modification method is promoted. To further tackle the case with unknown input gain functions, the dynamic surface control (DSC) and the adding‐an‐integrator technique are incorporated for preventing the so‐called explosion of complexity and the algebraic‐loop problems in the virtual controller and the composite update algorithm, respectively. The proposed design ensures the semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB) stability of the closed‐loop system and, in particular, the convergence of prediction errors to the vicinity of zero without persistent excitation (PE), which in turn improves the tracking performance.
Our Voice in the Ciclovía: exercising recreation and health rights through Citizen Science

RESUMEN La Ciclovía es un programa multisectorial en el que se cierran las calles a los automóviles para que las personas tengan un espacio seguro e inclusivo para la recreación y la actividad física en Bogotá, Colombia. Este estudio tuvo como objetivos a) determinar en qué medida el método de ciencia ciudadana con participación comunitaria, Nuestra Voz, facilitó la interacción entre la investigación y la práctica para realizar cambios en el programa Ciclovía; b) evaluar la receptividad de los tomadores de decisiones y participantes al método Nuestra Voz; y c) analizar los aportes del método al ejercicio de los derechos hacia la recreación y la salud en Bogotá. Se utilizó un diseño de métodos mixtos exploratorio secuencial para recopilar e interpretar datos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Nuestra Voz mejoró las comunicaciones entre los participantes del programa y los tomadores de decisiones, proporcionando un método para comprender las experiencias de los usuarios e implementar cambios basados en datos. Los cambios al programa incluyeron la provisión de baños portátiles en el circuito, una extensión del circuito de Ciclovía y la mejora de la capacitación del personal de Ciclovía. El proyecto también perfeccionó las habilidades de los científicos ciudadanos en la observación ambiental y la defensa de sus derechos a la salud y la recreación.
Human mobility patterns at the smallest scales

We present a study on human mobility at small spatial scales. Differently from large scale mobility, recently studied through dollar-bill tracking and mobile phone data sets within one big country or continent, we report Brownian features of human mobility at smaller scales. In particular, the scaling exponents found at the smallest scales is typically close to one-half, differently from the larger values for the exponent characterizing mobility at larger scales. We carefully analyze $12$-month data of the Eduroam database within the Portuguese university of Minho. A full procedure is introduced with the aim of properly characterizing the human mobility within the network of access points composing the wireless system of the university. In particular, measures of flux are introduced for estimating a distance between access points. This distance is typically non-euclidean, since the spatial constraints at such small scales distort the continuum space on which human mobility occurs. Since two different exponents are found depending on the scale human motion takes place, we raise the question at which scale the transition from Brownian to non-Brownian motion takes place. In this context, we discuss how the numerical approach can be extended to larger scales, using the full Eduroam in Europe and in Asia, for uncovering the transition between both dynamical regimes.
Dynamics of Two-Dimensional $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ Supersymmetric Theories with Semichiral Superfields I

We analyze the dynamics of a general two-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ gauged linear sigma model with semichiral superfields. By computing the elliptic genera, we study the vacuum structure of the model. The result coincides with the model without using semichiral superfields. We also show that the low energy effective twisted superpotential contributed by semichiral superfields vanishes, whether we turn on twisted masses or not.
Multi-hazard mapping of droughts and forest fires using a multi-layer hazards approach with machine learning algorithms

Abstract The frequency of forest fires in Gangwon-do has increased in recent years due to advanced climate change and dry weather. The Gangwon-do area, the largest forest area in South Korea, has rich forest resources and ecological diversity, therefore there is an urgent need for more effective monitoring and prevention of forest fires. This study proposed a method to establish a multi-hazard probability map (MHPM) for two related hazards (forest fires and droughts) based on a multi-layer hazards approach and machine learning algorithms for monitoring forest fire susceptibility areas. First, extreme drought years were selected using the standardized precipitation index (SPI). An inventory drought map was constructed using the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) based on satellite image data. Then, 70% of the inventory maps based on forest fires and droughts were used to construct hazard susceptibility maps and 30% of these were used to validate three machine learning models: Classification and Regression Trees (CART), Random Forest (RF) and boosted Regression Trees (BRT). Eleven conditioning factors related to climate, topography, hydrology, and human activities were considered for the analysis. The results of the three models were then validated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), and the best performing model was selected (BRT; forest fire: 85%, drought: 80%). Finally, the susceptibility maps of forest fires and droughts were combined to construct the MHPM for the Gangwon Province, South Korea. The results show that the MHPM of forest fires and droughts constructed in this study is valid and reliable. This multi-hazard map can provide key information for planners and decision-makers to develop forest fire prevention and management plans and to more effectively prevent and reduce the frequency of forest fires.
Cryogenic Volume-Phase Holographic Grisms for MOIRCS

We have developed high dispersion VPH (volume phase holographic) grisms with zinc selenide (ZnSe) prisms for the cryogenic optical system of MOIRCS (Multi-Object near InfraRed Camera and Spectrograph) for Y-, J-, H- and K- band observations. We fabricated the VPH gratings using a hologram resin. After several heat cycles at between room temperature and 120 K, the VPH gratings were assembled to grisms by gluing with two ZnSe prisms. Several heat cycles were also carried out for the grisms before being installed into MOIRCS. We measured the efficiencies of the VPH grisms in a laboratory, and found them to be 70% - 82%. The performances obtained by observations of MOIRCS with the 8.2 m Subaru Telescope have been found to be very consistent with the results in the laboratory test. This is the first astronomical application of cryogenic VPH grisms.
Scattering Mitigation Frequency Selective Surface for Unidirectional Blockage Compensation

This communication describes a concept of scattering mitigation frequency-selective surface (FSS) for unidirectional blockage compensation using a single substrate FSS without modification of the obstacle. The devised scattering mitigation FSS generates the complementary electric field to that of the blockage, enabling the blockage to become electromagnetically transparent to the antenna. Using superposition and linearity, the spatial impedance distribution of the FSS is calculated. The devised FSS consists of indented patch elements consisting of four symmetric via structures to exhibit a wide tunable transmission phase range and less than 1 dB insertion loss at the center frequency of 30.0 GHz for proof-of-concept. The proposed scattering mitigation FSS is verified in transverse magnetic (TMz)- and transverse electric (TEz)-polarized cylinder scattering scenarios. The measurement confirms the improvements of the main beam peak gain and restoration of far-field radiation patterns. The proposed investigation is expected to provide concise and practical scattering reduction solutions for blockage scenario such as vehicular communication in urban areas.
Superelastic Softening of Ferroelastic Multidomain Crystals

Many proper and improper ferroelastic materials display (at sufficiently low measurement frequencies) a huge elastic softening below Tc. This giant elastic softening, which can be suppressed with uniaxial stress, is caused by domain wall motion. Here we shortly review our results on frequency and temperature dependent elastic measurements of perovskites which exhibit improper ferroelastic phase transitions. We also present a new model – based on Landau-Ginzburg theory including long range interaction of needle shaped ferroelastic domains - which describes superelastic softening observed in many of the perovskite systems very well. We also show how the theory can be extended to proper ferroelastic materials and apply it to describe the elastic behaviour of the proper ferroelastic material La1-xNdxP5O14 (LNPP).
Lasing and transport in a quantum-dot resonator circuit

We study a double quantum-dot system coherently coupled to an electromagnetic resonator. A current through the dot system can create a population inversion in the dot levels and, within a narrow resonance window, a lasing state in the resonator. The lasing state correlates with the transport properties. On one hand, this allows probing the lasing state via a current measurement. On the other hand, the resulting narrow current peak allows resolving small differences in the dot properties (e.g., a small difference in the Zeeman splittings of the two dots). For realistic situations relaxation processes have pronounced consequences. Remarkably, they may even enhance the resolution between different spin states by releasing a trapped population in the off-resonant spin channel.
ACCELERATION OF COMPACT RADIO JETS ON SUB-PARSEC SCALES

Jets of compact radio sources are highly relativistic and Doppler boosted, making studies of their intrinsic properties difficult. Observed brightness temperatures can be used to study the intrinsic physical properties of relativistic jets, and constrain models of jet formation in the inner jet region. We aim to observationally test such inner jet models. The very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) cores of compact radio sources are optically thick at a given frequency. The distance of the core from the central engine is inversely proportional to the frequency. Under the equipartition condition between the magnetic field energy and particle energy densities, the absolute distance of the VLBI core can be predicted. We compiled the brightness temperatures of VLBI cores at various radio frequencies of 2, 8, 15, and 86 GHz. We derive the brightness temperature on sub-parsec scales in the rest frame of the compact radio sources. We find that the brightness temperature increases with increasing distance from the central engine, indicating that the intrinsic jet speed (the Lorentz factor) increases along the jet. This implies that the jets are accelerated in the (sub-)parsec regions from the central engine.
Relative likelihood for life as a function of cosmic time

Is life most likely to emerge at the present cosmic time near a star like the Sun? We address this question by calculating the relative formation probability per unit time of habitable Earth-like planets within a fixed comoving volume of the Universe, dP(t)/dt, starting from the first stars and continuing to the distant cosmic future. We conservatively restrict our attention to the context of ``life as we know it'' and the standard cosmological model, ΛCDM . We find that unless habitability around low mass stars is suppressed, life is most likely to exist near ∼ 0.1M⊙ stars ten trillion years from now. Spectroscopic searches for biosignatures in the atmospheres of transiting Earth-mass planets around low mass stars will determine whether present-day life is indeed premature or typical from a cosmic perspective.
The MHz-peaked radio spectrum of the unusual γ-ray source PMN J1603–4904

Context. The majority of bright extragalactic γ-ray sources are blazars. Only a few radio galaxies have been detected by Fermi/LAT. Recently, the GHz-peaked spectrum source PKS 1718–649 was confirmed to be γ-ray bright, providing further evidence for the existence of a population of γ-ray loud, compact radio galaxies. A spectral turnover in the radio spectrum in the MHz to GHz range is a characteristic feature of these objects, which are thought to be young due to their small linear sizes. The multiwavelength properties of the γ-ray source PMN J1603–4904 suggest that it is a member of this source class. Aims. The known radio spectrum of PMN J1603–4904 can be described by a power law above 1 GHz. Using observations from the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) at 150, 325, and 610 MHz, we investigate the behavior of the spectrum at lower frequencies to search for a low-frequency turnover. Methods. Data from the TIFR GMRT Sky Survey (TGSS ADR) catalog and archival GMRT observations were used to construct the first MHz to GHz spectrum of PMN J1603–4904. Results. We detect a low-frequency turnover of the spectrum and measure the peak position at about 490 MHz (rest-frame), which, using the known relation of peak frequency and linear size, translates into a maximum linear source size of ~1.4 kpc. Conclusions. The detection of the MHz peak indicates that PMN J1603–4904 is part of this population of radio galaxies with turnover frequencies in the MHz to GHz regime. Therefore it can be considered the second confirmed object of this kind detected in γ-rays. Establishing this γ-ray source class will help to investigate the γ-ray production sites and to test broadband emission models.
Numerical Simulation and Assessment of Meta Heuristic Optimization Based Multi Objective Dynamic Job Shop Scheduling System

In today's world of manufacturing, cost reduction becomes one of the most important issues. A successful business needs to reduce its cost to be competitive. The programming of the machine is playing an important role in production planning and control as a tool to help manufacturers reduce their costs maximizing the use of their resources. The programming problem is not only limited to the programming of the machine, but also covers many other areas such such as computer and information technology and communication. From the definition, programming is an art that involves allocating, planning the allocation and utilization of resources to achieve a goal. The aim of the program is complete tasks in a reasonable amount of time. This reasonableness is a performance measure of how well the resources are allocated to tasks. Time or time-dependent functions are always it used as performance measures. The objectives of this research are to develop Intelligent Search Heuristic algorithms (ISHA) for equal and variable size sub lot for m machine flow shop problems, to Implement Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO) in matlab, to develop PSO based Optimization program for efficient job shop scheduling problem. The work also address solution to observe and verify results of PSO based Job Shop Scheduling with help of graft chart.