Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment and Control of Spacecraft Charging Risks on the International Space Station

Electrical interactions between the F2 region ionospheric plasma and the 160V photovoltaic (PV) electrical power system on the International Space Station (ISS) can produce floating potentials (FP) on the ISS conducting structure of greater magnitude than are usually observed on spacecraft in low-Earth orbit. Flight through the geomagnetic field also causes magnetic induction charging of ISS conducting structure. Charging processes resulting from interaction of ISS with auroral electrons may also contribute to charging albeit rarely. The magnitude and frequency of occurrence of possibly hazardous charging events depends on the ISS assembly stage (six more 160V PV arrays will be added to ISS), ISS flight configuration, ISS position (latitude and longitude), and the natural variability in the ionospheric flight environment. At present, ISS is equipped with two plasma contactors designed to control ISS FP to within 40 volts of the ambient F2 plasma. The negative-polarity grounding scheme utilized in the ISS 160V power system leads, naturally, to negative values of ISS FP. A negative ISS structural FP leads to application of electrostatic fields across the dielectrics that separate conducting structure from the ambient F2 plasma, thereby enabling dielectric breakdown and arcing. Degradation of some thermal control coatings and noise in electrical systems can result. Continued review and evaluation of the putative charging hazards, as required by the ISS Program Office, revealed that ISS charging could produce a risk of electric shock to the ISS crew during extra vehicular activity. ISS charging risks are being evaluated in ongoing ISS charging measurements and analysis campaigns. The results of ISS charging measurements are combined with a recently developed detailed model of the ISS charging process and an extensive analysis of historical ionospheric variability data, to assess ISS charging risks using Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) methods. The PRA analysis (estimated frequency of occurrence and severity of the charging hazards) are then used to select the hazard control strategy that provides the best overall safety and mission success environment for ISS and the ISS crew. This paper presents: 1) a summary of ISS spacecraft charging analysis, measurements, observations made to date, 2) plans for future ISS spacecraft charging measurement campaigns, and 3) a detailed discussion of the PRA strategy used to assess ISS spacecraft charging risks and select charging hazard control strategies
Review on Heat Transfer Enhancement by using Baffles

Design of electrical or electronic component in the present situation is getting more compact sizes, which gives results in heat generation. Reduced the life of component because this unnecessary heat generation. To reduce this problem there is a necessity of an efficient cooling system. Extended surface heat sink is one of the most popular heat sink techniques. To improve its efficiency, there are number of conventional methods available but only a few of them such as changing the shape of cross section of baffles, changing the baffles inclination with walls and baffles arrangement and using metallic foam of high conductivity like that aluminium foam material which gives good results individually. Solid baffles gives lower heat transfer rate as compare to metallic foam baffles. Across the channel pressure drop of metallic foam baffles is less as compare to solid baffles. To increase heat transfer rate the turbulence occurred is good enough due to porosity. Keywords— Enhancement heat transfer, baffles, turbulence flow.
A real time measurement of junction temperature variation in high power IGBT modules for wind power converter application

paper presents a real time measurement of on-state forward voltage and estimating the junction temperature for a high power IGBT module during a power converter operation. The power converter is realized as it can be used for a wind turbine system. The peak of the junction temperature is decreased at higher fundamental frequency due to change in on-state time from the change in output frequency. The junction temperature is estimated using the on-state collector- emitter voltage of the IGBT module. Lower output frequency is thermally a higher stressing zone for wind power con- verters, hence the low frequency range is considered from 6Hz to 20Hz; the corresponding on-state collector-emitter voltage and junction temperature are presented. The estimation of junction temperature is compared with finite element based thermal simulations. The peak temperatures at different frequencies are compared between measurement and si- mulation results. The measurement technique desinged to be implementable for field application.
The dynamics of competitive strategy

After studying this chapter, you will be able to: r Understand the dynamics of competitive strategy. r Have knowledge of competitive landscape. r Know the importance of strategic analysis in the formulation of strategy. r Learn some of the methods of competitive analysis that are used in business organizations. r Understand the terms core competence, competitive advantage. r Have an understanding of some of the methods used in portfolio analysis. r Appreciate the applicability of SWOT and TOWS analysis.
Designing a wireless underwater optical communication system

Though acoustic modems have long been the default wireless communication method for underwater applications due to their long range, the need for high speed communication has prompted the exploration of non-acoustic methods that have previously been overlooked due to their distance limitations. One scenario that drives this need is the monitoring of deep sea oil wells by AUVs that could be stationed at the well and communicate surveillance data wirelessly to a base station. In this thesis, optical communication using LEDs is presented as an improvement over acoustic modems for scenarios where high speed, but only moderate distances, is required and lower power, less complex communication systems are desired. A super bright blue LED based transmitter system and a blue enhanced photodiode based receiver system were developed and tested with the goal of transmitting data at rates of 1 Mbps over distances of at least 10 meters. Test results in a fresh water tow tank showed the successful transmission of large data files over a distance of 13 meters and at transmission rates of at least 3 Mbps. With an improved test environment, even better performance may be possible.
Design and testing of an integrated wildlife-wind turbine interactions detection system

Bird and bat mortalities caused by interactions with wind turbines is a critical concern that requires addressing for conservation purposes. While carcass surveys are the standard method for measuring wildlife mortality for onshore sites, the method is inadequate due to factors such as carcass removal. For off-shore wind turbines, there is no industry adopted method for evaluating wildlife mortality. A near-real-time detection system could quantify wildlife interaction rates of both onshore and offshore wind facilities. This US Department of Energy funded project covers the development and testing of a multi-sensor instrumentation package capable of detecting avian and bat interactions with the blades, nacelle, and tower of wind turbines. The onboard, integrated sensor package includes contact microphones, accelerometers, visual and infrared spectrum cameras and bioacoustics monitoring. Selection, testing and evaluation of the accelerometers and contact microphones will be described, as well as camera placement, settings and image quality used for event confirmation and taxonomic classification. System tests were carried out by simulating impacts using tennis balls on the wind turbines at the North American Wind Research and Training Center, Mesalands Community College, New Mexico, and the National Wind Technology Center, National Renewable Energy Lab, Colorado. During the field tests, the individual components were evaluated and successful in recording generated impacts. A library of these impact recordings was compiled for future work in algorithm development. Deploying a low cost sensor array will be instrumental during site permitting, conducting impact assessments of existing wind farms, and assessing efficacy of wildlife mortality mitigation or wildlife deterrent technologies. Tuesday, March 24, 2015 8:30 AM, Rogers 226 School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering
Power-Performance Scalable Integrated Circuit Design Using Subthreshold MOS

The potentials of subthreshold metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) solid-state devices for implementing widely adjustable performance integrated circuits with very low power consumption have been investigated. The main concentration of this work is developing some techniques for implementing power-frequency scalable mixed-mode circuits. To implement ultra-low-power digital circuits, subthreshold source-coupled logic (STSCL) topology is proposed. It is shown that this topology can be used in a very wide operating frequency range with a high power efficiency. The STSCL family can be utilized for implementing ultra-low-power circuits where the power consumption of conventional static CMOS circuits is limited by the channel subthreshold residual (leakage) current. Some reliable design techniques for implementing STSCL circuits in very low bias current levels have been developed. Using the proposed techniques, some basic building blocks as well as more complex test structures have been implemented and tested. Meanwhile, some techniques such as stacking, pipelining and output buffering have been introduced to improve the performance of this type of circuits in terms of speed of operation and power consumption. In order to construct complex digital systems based on this topology, two standard cell libraries have been developed containing different types of STSCL gates with different driving strengths. This library also includes static random access memory (SRAM) cells. Experimental results show that the stand-by (leakage) current consumption of the STSCL memory cells is well below their CMOS counterparts. To control the speed of operation in the proposed STSCL circuits, a very wide tuning range phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit has been designed and implemented. To achieve the required adjustability range, an adaptive bandwidth PLL benefitting self-bias technique has been introduced. In addition, the exponential I-V characteristics of subthreshold MOS devices have been exploited for implementing widely adjustable performance analog integrated circuits. Two new approaches for implementing widely tunable and power-efficient continuous-time filters are developed. A MOSFET-C filter with very low cutoff frequency using a novel high-valued oating resistance, and a wide-tuning range transconductance-C filter using a linearized biquadratic topology have been introduced. The possibility of implementing reconfigurable analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) has been also studied. Two different scalable ADCs based on folding and interpolating and ΣΔ topologies have been implemented. The proposed filters in addition to the proposed frequency-power scalable ADC data converters can be used to construct a power-efficient and widely adjustable operating frequency analog front end. The main concepts proposed in this work have been supported by extensive analysis and measurement results.
A Survey on Efficient Agile Development Methods

The crux of Agile Methodologies is that the changes in the requirement can be managed by software even during the development cycle of the software development.Eight Agile Methodologies had been studied and surveyed in current scenario of software development. These are Extreme Programming, Scrum, Crystal Methodologies, Rational Unified Process, Adaptive Software Development, Feature Driven Development, Dynamic Systems Development Method and Lean Development.In this paper we are going to systematically review the existing literature on agile software development methodologies and review of six agile approaches including Extreme Programming, DSDM , Crystal , Lean Development ,Feature-Driven development and
Flight dynamics of an unmanned aerial vehicle

Abstract : Moments of inertia were experimentally determined and longitudinal and lateral/directional static and dynamic stability and control derivatives were estimated for a fixed wing Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV). Dynamic responses to various inputs were predicted based upon the estimated derivatives. A divergent spiral mode was revealed, but no particularly hazardous dynamics were predicted. The aircraft was then instrumented with an airspeed indicator, which when combined with the ability to determine elevator deflection through trim setting on the flight control transmitter, allowed for the determination of the aircraft's neutral point through flight test. The neutral point determined experimentally corresponded well to the theoretical neutral point. However, further flight testing with improved instrumentation is planned to raise the confidence level in the neutral point location. Further flight testing will also include dynamic studies in order to refine the estimated stability and control derivatives. Unmanned aerial vehicle, UAV, Flight test, Flight dynamics.
A study on the motorcycle ownership: a case study in Penang State, Malaysia

The fast growing rate of motorcycle ownership in Malaysia has become a serious problem in safety issues and management of traffic system in urban areas throughout Malaysia. To date, approximately 5.8 million motorcycles are on the roads in Malaysia and accidents rate involving motorcycles is high, almost half of the total road fatalities recorded. However, regardless of the high accident rate involving motorcycles, motorcycle ownership in Malaysia has increased rapidly from 0.13 motorcycles per person in year 1990 to 0.26 in year 2004. In this research, issues concerning motorcycle ownership were investigated. A stated preference survey was conducted in Penang state, Malaysia to determine the trend of motorcycle ownership. An attempt to develop a disaggregate choice model based on the data collected was also conducted. Development of this model will give an indication on the future trend of motorcycle ownership in Malaysia which is important in forecasting future travel demand.
REYNOLDS NUMBER EFFECT ON FLOW PATTERN OF TURBULENT OFFSET JET IN NARROW CHAMBER

The offset jet issuing into a narrow chamber was investigated by using the standard k-ε model with the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method. The commercially available CFD software ANSYS FLUENT version 15 was used for the purpose. In this study, the offset ratio, expansion ratio, and submergence ratio are fixed, the initial bulk velocity of the jet was varied from 2 ~ 6 m/s to change the Reynolds number. It is demonstrated that the flow pattern strongly dependent on Reynolds number. The surface attaching flow will be formed when the Re< 4 × 10 5 , and floor attaching flow will form when Re ≥ 4 × 10 5 , it follows that the critical Reynolds number should occur at Re cr =4 × 10 5 . Attention is given that two big vertical vortexes can be found in surface attaching jet, and single big vertical vortex above the jet in floor attaching jet.
Designing and Evaluating a Real-Time Automated Patient Screening System in an Emergency Department (Preprint)

BACKGROUND One critical hurdle for clinical trial recruitment is the lack of an efficient method for identifying subjects who meet eligibility criteria. Given the large volume of data documented in electronic health records (EHRs), it is labor-intensive for the staff to screen relevant information, particularly within the time frame needed. To facilitate subject identification, we developed a natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning-based system, Automated Clinical Trial Eligibility Screener© (ACTES), which analyzed structured data and unstructured narratives automatically to determine patients' suitability for clinical trial enrollment. In this study, we integrated the ACTES into clinical practice to support real-time patient screening. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to evaluate the ACTES's impact on the institutional workflow prospectively and comprehensively. We hypothesized that compared with the manual screening process, using EHR-based automated screening would improve efficiency of patient identification, streamline patient recruitment workflow, and increase enrollment in clinical trials. METHODS The ACTES was fully integrated into the clinical research coordinator (CRC) workflow in the pediatric emergency department (ED) at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. The system continuously analyzed EHR information for current ED patients and recommended potential candidates for clinical trials. Relevant patient eligibility information was presented in real-time on a dashboard available to CRCs to facilitate their recruitment. To assess the system's effectiveness, we performed a multidimensional, prospective evaluation for a 12-month period, including a time-and-motion study, quantitative assessments of enrollment, and post-evaluation usability surveys collected from the CRCs. RESULTS Compared to manual screening, use of ACTES reduced the patient screening time by 34% (P<0.0001). The saved time was redirected to other work-related activities that streamlined teamwork among the CRCs (P <0.05). The quantitative assessments showed that automated screening improved the numbers of subjects screened, approached and enrolled by more than 10%, suggesting the potential of ACTES in streamlining recruitment workflow. The post-evaluation surveys indicated that the system was a good computerized solution with satisfactory usability. CONCLUSIONS By leveraging NLP and machine learning technologies, the ACTES demonstrated good capacity for improving efficiency of patient identification. The quantitative assessments demonstrated the potential of ACTES in streamlining recruitment workflow and improving patient approach and enrollment. The post-evaluation surveys suggested that the system was a good computerized solution with satisfactory usability.
NUTRITIONAL ANALYSIS OF FIVE WILD EDIBLE TUBERS USED BY THE TRIBAL COMMUNITIES OF KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT, TAMILNADU, INDIA

Wild edible plants play a vital role in the food habits of rural and tribal communities across the world and important source of nutrients in the daily life. In the present investigation the nutritional analysis of five wild edible tubers of the plant species like Colocasia esculenta L. , Dioscorea esculenta, Dioscorea offositifolia L. , Dioscorea pentaphylla, Dioscorea wallichii Hook.f. were evaluated by determining proximate nutrient analysis. This study indicated that the highest carbohydrate (88.08%) and protein (89.07%) was recorded in colocasia esculenta L.respectively. However highest fat (5.61%) and fibre (9.61%) were recorded Dioscorea wallichii Hook.f. Fat and fibre was recorded lowest (1.77%) and (3.21%) in Dioscorea esculenta. Mineral composition in all tubers varied greatly presence of nutrient elements such as Calcium, Phosphorus, Nitrogen is formed maximum in Colocasia esculenta L. (0.8%, 94.8% and 130.5%). Magnesium in Dioscorea offositifolia L. (401.6%) and Potassium in Dioscorea esculenta (151.7%) . Wild edible tuber plants sustain numerous organic phytochemicals and significantly contribute to the nutritional security of mankind that has been linked to the promotion of good health. The study revealed that these wild tubers exhibited high nutritional composition therefore, could be used as supplementary diet in mountain region and should be promoted to conserved and enhance their genetic diversity.
Questionnaire for determining physicians’ attitude change after Triage & Action minor emergency course

Background: The Triage & Action (T&A) minor emergency course was developed to improve clinical skills for minor emergent problems of Japanese non-specialists. Currently, the course quality is evaluated only by self-reported degree of satisfaction. This study aimed to describe a newly developed questionnaire to evaluate the change in attitude toward clinical practice after completing a T&A minor emergency course and to evaluate its validity and reliability. Methods: The questionnaire was prepared, and the content and contextual validity of the aforementioned course were validated by a clinical sensibility test. Reliability was assessed by the interclass correlation coefficient after 2 weeks via a follow-up questionnaire. McNemar’s test for categorical variables or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for continuous variables was used for sensitivity analysis, with a statistical significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Among 103 evaluators receiving the questionnaires, 44 (42.7%) responded to the questionnaire, 36 (40.8%) to the follow-up questionnaire, and 33 (32.0%) to both questionnaires; 28 (27.2%) participants took the clinical sensibility test. Seven questions on the reliability test showed fair agreement, and there were no significant differences in the answers to the sensibility test questions. In the clinical sensibility test, 82.1% of the physicians answered “Fair to large extent” to the question about perspicuity, whereas 92.8% answered “Normal to very likely” to the question “To elicit the participants’ attitude. ” Conclusion: The new questionnaire was shown to be contextually well validated and reliable.
Pengurusan Fasiliti Dalam Penyelenggaraan Bangunan:Amalan Kualiti, Keselamatan dan Kesihatan

Malaysia is a speedy developing country and now struggling to become a developed country with a first class infrastructural network. Towards the vision, various developments have been well planned especially in building construction sectors in order to fulfill the need of society and an organization. In the hasty stream of building construction whether government, private or personal building, the facilities management planning should not be neglected. The planning of building and facilities management before, during and after a building creation must be parallel to maintain the initial condition of the building and to ensure the surrounding of the building is always in good quality, safe and healthy to all occupants or visitors of the building. Practically the construction management only focuses on before and after building construction. Otherwise the facilities management should focus on three levels that are before, during and after construction. Nowadays, many issues reflected to quality, safety and health originated from the weakness of facilities management especially building maintenance aspect such as impairment, fire, collapse, failure compliance of law and so on. Such events will threat the safety and health of the occupants and visitors of buildings. So, the quality, safety and health practices are two essential elements in building maintenance to ensure that all occupants always comfortable, safe and healthy during occupation of a building. This paper discussed a few factors that should be considered by facilities management organization to maintain a good level of quality, safe and healthy of a building. Some of the factors are developing objective, policy and strategy; implementation of planning; providing budget; procedure development, regulation and standard compliance; and human resources.