Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Mathematical Diagnostics Model for Autoimmune Disease

The topic of this thesis is the development of a diagnostic model for autoimmune disease. We present ten classifiers, based on the data mining of immunological blood test results that are specific to each disease. Our training sets consist of immunological blood test results from 1750 clinical attendees that presented symptoms of one or more autoimmune diseases. The sparseness of the blood tests that are performed leads to highly structured missingness of data. We develop a classifier that uses the distinction between meaningless missing values and meaningful missing values to lead to improved modeling of these incomplete sets of data. The implementation of this new approach to modeling autoimmune blood test data is described from the perspective of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) data. Several, competing data mining approaches were implemented for our data, of which the best results were obtained for our hybrid classifier of Decision trees and an inverse-distance-weighted k -Nearest neighbors (kNN) approach. Results indicate that our model, assuming a certain margin of error, is classifying up to 100% of the RA cases correctly, computed by a method of leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validation. The classifiers specific to the other nine diseases all average more than 90% of correctly classified cases, computed by LOO. New RA test cases were run through our classifier, which successfully classified all the cases correctly. The method of Random forests showed compatible results to our hybrid classifier, i.e. classified 97.91% of LOO RA cases correctly, but did not compare in structural transparency. Prototypes of a clinical solution system based on our work have been implemented on a web server.
Coherent Preferences and Asset Prices in Stock Market

In this paper, we study individual trading behaviors by intraday cumulative trading volume distribution over a price range. We select it as individual mental representation or revealed preferences and determine market asset prices when price fluctuates by the maximum volume price in stock market at which individuals have the maximum utility across the price. We assume that the volume-price distribution embodies individual actual trading behaviors and propose the hypothesis that subject individuals behave coherent preferences as long as the price-volume distribution exhibits significant degree of coherence in a framework of price-volume probability wave differential equation. Then, we examine it by a set of explicit models of coherence in interaction against the large number of the price-volume distributions using tick by tick high frequency trading data of an ETF in Chinese stock market in 2019. We evidence that subject individuals behave significant degree of coherent preferences. Finally, we find that individuals behave disposition effect or inverse disposition effect, explain them by coherent preferences, and have the nonlinear V-shaped value function that captures prior empiric findings (Ben-David and Hirshleifer, 2012). The study can help us understand market dynamic equilibrium and risk management in financial market.
Research on Voice Print Recognition Algorithm based on Wavelet-GA-BP Neural Network

Aiming at the fact that common pattern recognition algorithms such as LPCC and MFCC have flaws in voice-print recognition, the paper put forward a new algorithm, which employed wavelet analysis, BP neural network and niche genetic algorithm. Firstly, the algorithm extracted time-domain and frequency-domain characteristic variation of voice signal by wavelet transform, secondly, trained the neural network niche genetic algorithm, which solved the problem of local minimum value caused by normal multi-layers neural network, lastly, took the wavelet transform variations as the training data of the optimization neural network. Simulation experiment was carried out. The results indicate the algorithm in this paper is superior to current recognition algorithms, it has fast recognition velocity, high recognition rate, low fault rate and strong robustness with different voice-makers, besides, it can automatically correct errors.
Computational Simulation of Turbulent Flow Around Tractor-Trailers

A method to evaluate the properties of turbulent flow in proximity to the vehicle and close to the ground surface has been elaborated. Numerical simulations have been performed on the basis of the Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (URANS) written with respect to an arbitrary curvilinear coordinate system. These equations have been solved using the Spalart-Allmaras differential one-parametric turbulence model. The method of artificial compressibility has been used to improve the coupling of pressure and velocity in the framework of a finite volume approach. Timeaveraged distributions of pressure fields, velocity components, streamlines in the entire area and near the tractor-trailer, as well as integral and distributed characteristic parameters (such as coefficients of pressure, friction and drag force) are presented. According to our results, the turbulent flow accelerates in the area of the tractor cabin and in the gap between surfaces. Above the driver’s cabin, a pressure drop occurs due to a sharp acceleration of flow in this area. Downstream, pressure is restored and becomes almost constant in proximity to the edge of the trailer. The dimensions of the separation area exceed the length of the transport system several times. Though agreement with experimental results is relatively limited due to the two-dimensional nature of the numerical simulations, the present approach succeeds in identifying the main physical effects involved in the considered dynamics. It might be used in future studies for initial approximate assessments of the influence of the vehicle shape on its aerodynamic characteristics.
Universal Dependencies

Universal Dependencies (UD) is a project that seeks to develop cross-linguistically consistent treebank annotation for many languages. This tutorial gives an introduction to the UD framework and resources, from basic design principles to annotation guidelines and existing treebanks. We also discuss tools for developing and exploiting UD treebanks and survey applications of UD in NLP and linguistics.
A Review of the Molecular Pathways Involved in Resistance to BRAF Inhibitors in Patients with Advanced-Stage Melanoma

Melanoma is an aggressive malignancy of melanocytes and most commonly arises in the skin. In 2002, BRAF gene mutations were identified in melanoma, and this finding resulted in the development of several small-molecule molecular inhibitors that specifically targeted the BRAF V600E mutation. The development of targeted therapies for advanced-stage melanoma, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of the BRAF (V600E) kinase, vemurafenib and dabrafenib, have been approved for the treatment of advanced melanoma leading to improved clinical outcomes. However, the development of BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) resistance has significantly reduced the therapeutic efficacy after prolonged treatment. Recent studies have identified the molecular mechanisms for BRAFi resistance. This review aims to describe the impact of BRAFi resistance on the pathogenesis of melanoma, the current status of molecular pathways involved in BRAFi resistance, including intrinsic resistance, adaptive resistance, and acquired resistance. This review will discuss how an understanding of the mechanisms associated with BRAFi resistance may aid the identification of useful strategies for overcoming the resistance to BRAF-targeted therapy in patients with advanced-stage melanoma.
The Health of Human Trafficking Victims in San Diego, California: A Retrospective Study

Background/Purposes/ Aims: Human trafficking (HT) is a threat to human rights globally. Studies indicate between 28% and 87% of HT victims encountered a health care professional during their trafficking period. Nonetheless, little is known about the health care needs of victims of HT. The purpose of this study was to examine the health care needs of a self-identified group of trafficked women in San Diego County, California. Conceptual Basis: The Model of Human Trafficking and Health by Zimmerman et al. (2011) was used to identify multiple determinates of health following the trafficking period including demographic factors (age at assessment, age at entry into trafficking, ethnicity, history of homelessness, history of foster care), exploitation factors (motivation for trading sex), needs assessment (drug rehabilitation, methadone maintenance, counseling), sexual health factors (use of condoms), and mental health factors (depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder). Method: Retrospective, descriptive study of previously collected data (2012-2015) from first-time offenders arrested for prostitution participating in a law-enforcement diversion program. 191 were interviewed, 31 (16.6%) self-identified as HT victims. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to describe the sample and examine the relationships between the variables. Results: All HT victims were women, significantly younger (M=23.3, SD 6.67), versus (M=26.95, SD 9.21); t(55) = 2.51, p = . 015, more likely to have a history of homelessness, x(1, N = 188) = 11.18, p = . 001, been in the foster care system x(2, N = 191) = 5.93, p = . 048, “feeling depressed” [x(2, N =31) = 13.205, p = . 001], “difficulty concentrating” [x(2, N =31) = 10.809, p = . 004], “hopelessness/desperation” [x(2, N=31) = 15.556, p < . 001], and the PTSD indicator questions: “Do you have a sense of leaving your body”, x(2, N=30) = 9.785, p = . 006; and “flashbacks, nightmares or fears”, x(2, N=31) = 12.56, p = . 002 than the non-trafficked group. Conclusions and Implications: HT victims are a hidden population often encountering a health care professional during the trafficking period. Screening and intervention strategies are needed. Further research is needed on the physical and psychological comorbidity patterns of trafficking victims to facilitate identification, intervention, and treatment strategies. THIS PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK
Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps for Situation Analysis

There are various factors which lead to the criminal behaviour in humans. Prominent researchers monitoring the situation of crime in Nigeria cite poverty, unemployment, family-breakdown, bribing & corruption, lack of co-operation from public and negative perception of police to be the major causes behind criminal behaviour. The factors like underemployment, inadequate equipment, NGOs are not taken into account by the researchers because these are considered to be indeterminate. To show how these indeterminate factors are actually related to crime in Nigeria we model the situation mathe-matically using FCMs and NCMs. The work also shows how efficient is the technique of Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps (NCM) against Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCM) to deal with the uncertainties and inde-terminacy in Situation Analysis. The obtained results are interpreted which demonstrate the importance of indeterminate factors in analysing the situation of crime in Nigeria. This shows how indeterminate factors when taken into consideration could enhance the accuracy and efficiency of mathematical models using the concept of Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps.
Evaluation of testicular blood flow and ultrasonographic measurements in rams with emphasis on laterality.

The current study aimed to measure the testicular ultrasonographic dimensions (length, width, thickness and volume) as well as spectral Doppler indices (resistive index and pulsatility index) of testicular artery, and to investigate the possible differences between the paired testes based on testicular dimensions and blood flow Doppler indices. Five Awassi rams of normal fertility, with a body weight 50-65 kg and aged 3-5 years were subjected to testicular ultrasound examination for testicular dimensions and pulsed-wave Doppler, twice monthly for five consecutive months. The testicular volume of the left testis (69.34±6.66 mm3) was higher than the right testis (66.85±5.46 mm3). Testicular thickness was significantly affected by the laterality of the testes (P 0.05) in the right testicular artery rather than the left one. In conclusion, the testicular ultrasound measures and Doppler flow indices varied between the paired right and left testes in mature rams. In addition, the blood flow indices are highly correlated in the testicular artery of rams.
Expecting and Learning From Null Results

This commentary addresses three issues raised in the articles in this issue. First, conversations about replication efforts should begin with a reasonable and agreed-upon definition of what it means to say that a study did or did not replicate the results of another study. Second, if a replication failure has been identified, using the surface similarity of the studies to reverse-engineer an explanation is unlikely to be helpful. Finally, researchers and consumers should expect small and heterogeneous effects, and this fact points to the need to think meta-analytically.
High genetic connectivity in a gastropod with long-lived planktonic larvae

Genetic connectivity plays a crucial role in shaping the geographic structure of species. Our aim in this study was to explore the pattern of genetic connectivity in Bursa scrobilator, an iconic marine caenogastropod with long-lived pelagic larvae. Our study was based on the analysis of DNA sequence data for the 658-bp barcoding fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. This is the largest DNA sequence dataset assembled to date for B. scrobilator. These data confirm that the two recently described subspecies B. scrobilator scrobilator (Linnaeus, 1758), from the Mediterranean and Macaronesia, and B. s. coriacea (Reeve, 1844), from West Africa, constitute two evolutionarily significant units (ESUs). We found that for the nominal subspecies, the variation in morphology (shell, radula and gross anatomy) and DNA sequences was not geographically structured, and this agrees with what we would expect in a species with high connectivity at the larval stage. The divergence between the two subspecies cannot be easily explained by isolation by distance, and we would argue that one or more extrinsic factors may have played a role in isolating the two ESUs and maintaining that isolation.
Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 Tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan (Analisis Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 5 Tahun 2017 Tentang Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus Arun Lhokseumawe)

Untuk mempercepat pembangunan pusat industri di Aceh, Pemerintah Aceh mengajukan eks kilang Arun untuk menjadi Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK). Pemerintah Pusat mengeluarkan kebijakan PP No. 5 Tahun 2017 Tentang KEK Arun. Rumusan masalah dari penulisan ini adalah bagaimana kebijakan Pemerintah Tentang KEK Arun yang diatur dalam PP No. 5 Th 2017. Kedua bagaimana ketentuan Pasal 5 ayat (1) dan Penjelasan Pasal 5 ayat (1) PP No. 5 Th 2017. Metodelogi yang digunakan dalam analisis ini adalah deskriptif analisis dan yuridis normatif, sumber data yang digunakn adalah sumber data bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan Pemerintah tentang KEK Arun yang diatur dalam PP No.5 Th 2017 Pasal 5 ayat (1) menyebutkan Gubernur menetapakan Badan Usaha Pembangunan dan Pengelolaan KEK Arun dalam jangka waktu 90 (sembilan puluh ) hari sejak PP ini diundangkan. Sedangkan yang disebutkan di dalam Penjelasan Pasal 5 ayat (1) PP No. 5 Th 2017 langsung menyebutkan badan usaha pembangun dan pengelola KEK Arun adalah badan usaha perseroan terbatas yang dibentuk oleh anggota-anggota atau afiliasinya dari konsorsium PT Pertamina, PT Pupuk Iskandar Muda, PT Pelabuhan Indonesia I dan Perusahaan Daerah Pembangunan Aceh yang mengusulkan KEK Arun. Padahal di dalam kerangka peraturan Perundang-Undangan No.12 Th 2011 disebutkan Penjelasan tidak boleh mencantumkan rumusan yang berisi norma. Dengan demikian Penjelasan Pasal 5 ayat (1) PP No. 5 Th 2017 kontradiktif dengan UU No.12 Th 2011 Tentang Pembentukan Perundang-Undangan.
Synthesis of anisotropic Au–Cu alloy nanostructures and its application in SERS for detection of methylene blue

Au–Cu alloy nanostructures have been synthesized in aqueous phase through co-reduction of HAuCl4.3H2O and CuCl2.2H2O by glucose in presence of hexadecylamine at ∼80 °C. By changing the synthesis conditions, nanostructures of various shapes such as nanowires, multiply twinned tripod, tetrapod, etc were observed. Systematic variation of the synthesis condition not only leads to change in size and particle morphology but also develops various other crystallographic characters in the nanoparticles. Alloying behavior of Au–Cu has been examined through transmission electron microscope operating in its conventional and analytical modes coupled with high resolution phase contrast microscopy. These results suggested that nanostructures are composed of homogeneous Au–Cu alloy. Preferential attachment along {111} and {100} crystallographic facets of Au–Cu alloy nanoparticles led to the formation of nanowires. Multiply twinned branched shape Au–Cu (width of branch ∼30 nm) nanostructures exhibit localized surface plasmon resonance maxima in the near-infrared region. The branched shape Au–Cu alloy nanostructures display better surface enhanced Raman scattering response in the detection of methylene blue as compared to spherical Au nanoparticles.
Feasibility of Long-Term Interest Balance among Stakeholders in the Natural Catastrophe Insurance Market

This study establishes a stakeholder framework in the natural catastrophe insurance market: Insurers charge policyholders the full insurance premium and pay the public catastrophe insurance scheme (PCIS) contributions for the contingent bailout. The government subsidizes policyholders and taxes insurers. Then a series of accounting procedures is developed to illustrate how the stakeholders’ cash flows change. A numerical analysis reveals that both the PCIS and the subsidy policy can achieve long-term self-financing under special tax rates, contribution rates, and subsidy conditions. The results show that the short-term inequity of favoring insurers and policyholders can promote balanced long-term interests for all stakeholders.
'May contain traces of' : An ethnographic study of eating communities and the gluten free diet

Changes to the contemporary food system, including meals and eating patterns, have occurred quickly. One such change over the past 30 years has been the increase of commercially produced foods aimed at food allergies and intolerances and ‘free from’ dieting. The gluten free diet has recently emerged as a popular diet trend in Western countries, outpacing its origins as a treatment for celiac disease. This thesis uses material from the U.S. and Sweden where the prevalence of celiac disease hovers around 1-2% respectively, but where the consumer demand for gluten free products has resulted in a multi-billion dollar boon to the food industry. But why? How has this restrictive, medicalized diet entered the everyday eating patterns and practices of celiac and non-celiac persons alike? What is the appeal to consumers and to the food industry? And what does the increasing awareness of, and catering to, food intolerances mean for interactions around the dinner table? This thesis uses ethnographic data collected at a summer camp in the US for children with celiac disease, combined with material collected from an open-ended questionnaire distributed through the Folk Life Archive at Lund. The aim of this thesis is to study the emergence of an eating community by looking at the social, emotional, material, and practical aspects of the gluten free diet. It explores how the consumption of gluten free foods illustrate the transformation of an eating community—not only the eating community of those following the diet, but that of ‘everyone else’ who increasingly interact with the diet’s materiality and its social consequences.Due to the gluten free diet, the increasing numbers and awareness of food allergies and intolerances, and people without allergies or intolerances following ‘free-from’ diets, I also discuss the emergence of new practices, strategies, and norms around commensality, produced by the social friction of negotiations taking place around the table. The emergence of a new eating community means the emergence of distinctions that differentiate the gluten free eating community from others. This thesis also aims to explore how these distinctions play out as people and food products cross between eating communities and the subsequent effects on the relationships between eating communities as a result. (Less)
Pengaruh motivasi kualitas, motivasi karir, dan motivasi ekonomi terhadap minat mahasiswa akuntansi untuk mengikuti pendidikan profesi akuntansi (PPAK) : studi kasus mahasiswa Prodi Akuntansi Syari’ah di Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

Latar belakang data yang menyebutkan tentang rendahnya minat mahasiswa akuntansi untuk mengikuti Pendidikan Profesi Akuntansi (PPAk) tersebut, bahkan peminat dari perguruan tinggi yang bersangkutan jumlahnya masih rendah. Sehingga peneliti tertarik untuk meneliti tentang pengaruh faktor-faktor motivasi kaitannya dengan minat mahasiwa akuntansi untuk mengikuti Pendidikan Profesi Akuntansi (PPAk). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi kualitas, motivasi karir, dan motivasi ekonomi terhadap minat mengikuti Pendidikan Profesi Akuntansi (PPAk) di Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang . Jenis data yang dibutuhkan adalah data primer dan jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif berupa hasil jawaban responden yang diperoleh dari para mahasiswa akuntansi angkatan 2015-2017 di UIN Walisongo Semarang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel Motivasi kualitas dan motivasi ekonomi berpengaruh terhadap minat mahasiswa akuntansi untuk mengikuti Pendidikan Profesi Akuntansi (PPAk). Sedangkan Motivasi karir tidak berpengaruh terhadap minat mahasiswa akuntansi untuk mengikuti Pendidikan Profesi Akuntansi (PPAk). Dari analisis hasil regresi diperleh persamaan regresi Y = 12,200 + 0,201X1 + 0,096X2 + 0,186X3 + e. Berdasarkan perhitungan koefisien determinasi diperoleh adjusted R2 sebesar 0,404 yang artinya pengaruh yang diberikan oleh variabel motivasi kualitas, motivasi karir dan motivasi ekonomiterhadap minat mahasiswa akuntansi untuk mengikutiPendidikan Profesi Akuntansi secara simultan sebesar 40,4% sedangkan sisanya 59,6% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini.
Mitochondrial metabolism elucidated by rapid fractionation from tissue

Mitochondria are metabolic hubs, with many diseases found to have altered metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction, such as ischaemia-reperfusion injury. A detailed understanding of the metabolic changes in different cellular pools would aid diagnosis and treatment. However, the current methods of mitochondrial isolation are too slow to provide a snapshot of purely mitochondrial metabolism, meaning that current metabolic data is only from whole cell. This project has developed and used a novel technique to rapidly isolate mitochondria from tissue by density centrifugation through silicone oil, with a view to assess the mitochondrial metabolic changes during ischaemia-reperfusion injury. This method has minimal cytosolic contamination and is completed in under 5 minutes, and mass spectroscopy analysis has shown enrichment of mitochondrial metabolites. Seahorse and Oroboros analysis have shown that the mitochondria are functional and capable of coupled respiration. Data is presented on how the method optimisation was analysed and developed. This largely reduced time frame gives the advantage over other methods to enable the study of metabolism in mitochondria.