Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thünen-Series of Applied Economic Theory

Does the shadow economy contribute to economic growth is a frequently asked question, which will be dealt with in this paper. Economic growth is commonly measured by the growth rate of the gross domestic product, a macro-economic statistical key aggregate. Whether and how shadow activities are covered during the process of compiling GDP is highlighted in this contribution. The paper first looks at the definition of shadow activities as well as at the impact of the shadow economy on GDP. The measures taken in Germany to improve the exhaustiveness of the GDP are presented subsequently. Finally, the issue of producing a separate estimate for the shadow economy is dealt with.
Adverse Effects of Herbicides on Freshwater Zooplankton

Roberto Rico-Martinez1, Juan Carlos Arias-Almeida2, Ignacio Alejandro Perez-Legaspi3, Jesus Alvarado-Flores1 and Jose Luis Retes-Pruneda4 1Departamento de Quimica, Centro de Ciencias Basicas, Universidad Autonoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, 2Limnologia Basica y Experimental, Instituto de Biologia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, 3Division de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion. Instituto Tecnologico de Boca del Rio, Boca del Rio, Veracruz, 4Departamento de Ingenieria Bioquimica, Centro de Ciencias Basicas, Universidad Autonoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, 1,3,4Mexico 2Colombia
Aalborg Universitet Experimental Assessment of Specific Absorption Rate Using Room

A closed room environment is viewed as a lossy cavity, characterized by possibly a line of sight (LOS) component and diffuse scattering parts from walls and internal obstacles. A theory used in acoustics and reverberation chambers is applied for the electromagnetics case, and main issues related to measurement systems, antennas characteristics, diffuse energy properties, and human exposure are investigated. The goal of this paper aims first towards validation of the assessment of the reverberation time in an environment using a virtual MIMO channel system. Secondly, the reverberation time in an adjacent room is investigated and hence a measurementbased method is readily developed to assess the absorption cross section and the whole-body specific absorption rate of humans at 2.3 GHz in a realistic closed environment.
FATE OF MICROBIAL RESIDUES DURING LITTER DECOMPOSITION AS AFFECTED BY MINERALS

Minerals may protect organic matter against microbial decay, either by direct chemical and physical interactions or by inhibitory effects on the soil microbial community. To clarify the effects of minerals on organic matter cycling by microorganisms, we used amino sugars as tracers for C and N in dead microbial cells after 0, 15, 29, 90, 239, and 498 days of incubation of beech leaf litter mixed with quartz sand, Fe oxide, Al hydroxide, or Mn oxide. Beech leaf litter without addition of any mineral phases was used as the control. The results show that amino sugar concentrations increased as litter decomposition proceeded. Decreasing ratios of glucosamine to muramic acid and of glucosamine to galactosamine indicated that bacterial products accumulated increasingly relative to fungal cells with increasing incubation time. As the presence of Mn oxide promoted losses of plant-derived C, there was a more pronounced selective accumulation of the microbial-derived amino sugar C than in the other treatments. Aluminium hydroxide and Fe oxide inhibited synthesis of bacterial amino sugars by a factor of two. This resulted in lower amino sugar C proportions compared with the other treatments. Consequently, the amino sugar C proportions were sensitive to both increasing amino sugar synthesis and C mineralization rates. In contrast, the amino sugar N proportions were not affected by any mineral additions. Thus, the mere presence of minerals did not affect the cycling of N through the amino sugar pool, but minerals altered the relative proportions of N sequestered within residues of bacteria and fungi.
A cross-cultural comparison of music education experiences and ambitions in two Spanish and English primary schools

A small-scale comparative study of music education provision in two Spanish and English primary schools was carried out in 2013–14, using questionnaires, interviews and observations. The study investigated the musical experiences of the children in the two schools, their ambitions for their musical futures, and the classroom practices and policy contexts that shaped these encounters with musical learning. Through thematic analysis and comparison of the data from the two schools, we examine music in children’s lives, music in the classroom, and musical ambitions and values, and consider how well the music curriculum serves the children in each setting.
Comparison of Integrated Cell Culture -RT-PCR & Cell Culture Methods for Detection of Enteroviruses

Background: Generally, sewage exposed water could be potentially contaminated with enteroviruses. For this reason, enterovirus isolation from sewage specimens is one of the most sensitive indicators for virus circulation in the population. We evaluated the ICC-RT-PCR and cell culture methods for detection of enteroviruses in Tehran sewage system. Methods: This research utilized 63 specimens provided through Grab sample method to concentrate by two-phase method and cultured in RD and HEp-2 cells, respectively. All specimens then were inoculated using sensitive cell cultures of RD and HEp-2. After 24 hours incubation at 36˚C by means of Pan E.V primers and afterwards Pan P.V Primers along with specific sabin primers, RT-PCR was carried out on the cell culture specimens. Data were analyzed using SPSS Software (SPSS for and ANOVA test as well as Chi-square test. Results: Out of 63 collected specimens, enteroviruses were isolated from 33 specimens (52.38%) and 41(65.01%) specimens which utilized cell-culture & ICC-RT-PCR methods respectively. Polioviruses were also isolated from 6 specimens. Conclusions: Statistical analysis indicated that there was a significant relationship (0.05 level) between cell culture and ICC-RTPCR methods to isolate enteroviruses. Further the sensitivity of ICC-RT-PCR method to detect enteroviruses less than 0.01 TCID50 was evaluated, which indicated that this method is acceptable and sensitive enough to detect enteroviruses in sewage.
State Fears and Immigrant Tiers: Historical Analysis as a Method in Evaluating Migration Categories

This article argues that histories of migration regimes can illuminate ways in which institutions and legal categories produce concepts used in studies of forced migration. Following the development of the Immigrant Commission (Muhacirin Komisyonu) in 1860, the Ottoman State shifted from addressing the issue of immigration on an ad hoc basis to organizing migration and settlement through a central administration. Translations of the Ottoman term “muhacir” include migrant, emigrant, immigrant, and refugee. The ambiguity of this term requires engagement with the material significance of its historical usage. Contemporary translations highlight conditions of movement, but Ottoman administrative categories based on internal divisions within the immigrant population were equally important in determining migrant experiences. Through exploring the institutional history, organization, and policies of the Ottoman Immigrant Commission, this article considers how the development of administration created sub-categories within the migrant population based on sex, age, class, and religion. Historical analysis of migration administration offers a more precise framework for investigating processes of Ottoman immigrant incorporation and provides researchers of forced migration insight into the evolution and persisting impact of migration categories.
The Faunas of Hayonim Cave, Israel: A 200,000-Year Record of Paleolithic Diet, Demography, and Society

The Faunas of Hayonim Cave, Israel, is a great example of how scientific methods can be utilized to paint a more accurate picture of humanity. Stiner uses highly specialized zooarchaeological approaches to describe the changing human presence and culture in Israel as it transitioned from the Middle to the Upper Paleolithic. The faunal remains were recovered from the archaeological sites of Hayonim Cave and Meged Rockshelter. These data are supplemented with a comparative faunal analysis previously completed for the nearby site of Kebara Cave. There are a total of twelve chapters; four of the chapters are co-authored with Stiner or independently authored and include O. Bar-Yosef, A. Belfer-Cohen, P. Goldberg, S.L. Kuhn, A.V. Margaris, L. Meignen, N.D. Munro, T.A. Surovell, B. Vandermeersch, and S. Weiner. For the purposes of this review the content of the text will be presented with the chapters combined to create topic specific sections. These sections each address a different step of the analysis and interpretation process. The first section of the book (Chapters 1 and 2) provides the reader with an overview of the region as a whole and a detailed description of the sites under study. The region is the Levant—the portion of the world where the European, Asian, and African continents converge and which early hominids and modern humans found in co-habitation. The sites themselves are all located within modern-day Israel, and they span over 200,000 years of human activity. The next section (Chapters 3–5) provides a detailed explanation of factors that contribute to whether or not bone preserves, as well as methods that can be used to determine the presence and extent of human modification at the sites. In terms of bone preservation, I found the various scientific experiments used to study the effect of outside factors, such as burning, fragmentation, and dissolution, to be innovative and highly informative. Having laid out a basic analysis of the archaeological material under investigation, the next three sections of the book are where Stiner begins to interpret what it all means. The first of these (Chapters 6–9) discusses the changes that occurred in the relative frequency and species distribution of faunal remains. There is a shift that occurs in the type of animals that make up the primary prey of human hunters from the Middle to the Upper Paleolithic. Stiner demonstrates that a focus on small animals shows that, although a factor, climate was not the primary catalyst for dietary change; instead this change was a result of a shift in hunt ing preferences. Middle Paleolithic hunters relied on small
Materials for infrared and visible vehicle identification from surveillance aircraft

Civilian law enforcement officials consider airborne surveillance a highly effective tool for preventing and detecting crime, as well as for supplying evidence to support criminal investigations. Most police forces have their own dedicated aircraft fitted with a combination of visual and thermal InfraRed (IRT) imaging equipment to give them day and night-time surveillance capabilities. Police ground vehicles have visible alpha-numeric and symbol roof markings, but these are not detectable by the IRT imagers that are used on police aircraft at night or in poor visibility. This is because the materials currently used for roof markings have low reflectivity to IRT and so they do not produce the high contrast needed to produce clear IRT images. Consequently, police cars are indistinguishable from each other or from similar civilian vehicles in these situations. The present-day practice is to request that police vehicles identify themselves to the air surveillance platform: by opening the vehicle windows and waving, for example. Our approach is to create visibly black films with high IRT reflectivity, to be used in combination with conventional sign-writing vinyl appliqués. When placed on the top of a vehicle, the high IRT reflectivity shows as black (cold), while the conventional material shows as white (warm). The technique relies on making the background of a marked area of the vehicle roof appear significantly cooler to an IRT imager than the surrounding vehicle surfaces, foreground symbols, and environment. Since the IRT apparent temperature of the sky is usually significantly lower than the environment below, we use cold-sky reflection to form a high-contrast area onto which symbols can be placed.
Health insurance coverage and the role of income uncertainty

This paper uses the National Longitudinal Survey data set to examine the role of income uncertainty in explaining the likelihood of health insurance coverage among individuals. After controlling for a number of socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral factors, the results suggest that individuals who face greater income uncertainty are less likely to have health insurance coverage. Additionally, the likelihood of health insurance coverage increases with income and educational attainment.
Route Guidance Map for Emergency Evacuation

An efficient process of emergency evacuation must be guided. In the event of an evacuation instruction, a significant amount of time is spent by evacuees looking for a place of relative safety or an exit. Due to the ensuing stress and confusion evacuees try to follow others, consequently, all the exits are not used effectively. Therefore, it is important to develop a route guidance map for the emergency. The focus of the map is to help both, the evacuees and the authorities to perform evacuation efficiently. This paper presents a route guidance map for pedestrians that aims an efficient evacuation in case of an emergency. An agent-based simulation framework is used for the simulation of various scenarios to prepare the guiding map. A real world case study of Sarojini Nagar, Delhi is presented to test the presented methodology. Eventually, several strategic recommendations are provided for improving safety of existing infrastructure.
Downsizing in German chemical manufacturing industry during the 1990 s : why small is beautiful ?

German chemical manufacturing industry is marked by two major structural changes during 1992–2004. Firstly, number of firms was ranging extensively: from 676 to 901, while only 96 firms represented balanced panel. Secondly, size of the firm dropped considerably—by 88%. This paper is intended to shed light on both phenomena. Based on reliable census data analysis suggests the former evidence be explained (i) by persistent poor performance of firms and (ii) by so called “general purpose technology” argument. The latter phenomenon was found to be a rational behaviour because numerous firms continually operated under decreasing returns to scale.
New results on two-particle correlations in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV from ATLAS at the LHC

ATLAS measurements of two-particle correlations in √ s = 13 TeV pp collisions at the LHC are summarized. In high-multiplicity events, long-range rapidity correlation of particles with small azimuthal separation, i.e the “ridge”, is observed with features similar to those seen in measurements of Pb+Pb, p+Pb, and lower-energy pp collisions. These results are compatible, within uncertainties, with CMS 7 TeV pp measurements.
Women's Enfranchisement and Children's Education: The Long-Run Impact of the U.S. Suffrage Movement

While a growing literature has shown that empowering women leads to increased short-term investments in children, little is known about its long-term effects. We investigate the effect of women's political empowerment on children's human capital accumulation by exploiting plausibly exogenous variation in U.S. state and federal suffrage laws. We estimate that exposure to women's suffrage during childhood leads to large increases in educational attainment for children from economically disadvantaged backgrounds, in particular blacks and Southern whites. An investigation into the mechanisms behind these effects suggests that the educational gains are plausibly driven by the rise in public expenditures following suffrage.
Chapter 9 An HIV elite neutralizer as a blueprint for the induction of neutralizing antibodies

Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva. nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.
Organizational Learning and Job Complexity as Predictors of Commitment among Employees at Nestle Ghana Limited

The study examined organizational learning and perceived job complexity as predictors of commitment among employees at Nestle Ghana Limited. One hundred and twenty (120) employees were selected using the convenience sampling to complete the Dimensions of Learning Organization Questionnaire, Job Diagnostic Survey and Organizational Commitment Questionnaire. The findings were determined with the independent t test, the Pearson r and regression analyses. Findings indicated that employees who perceived high job insecurity were less committed than those who perceived low job complexity. A significant positive relationship was found between organizational learning and employee commitment. Individual learning accounted for more variance in organizational commitment compared to group and organizational components of learning organization. These stand to reason that to improve employees' commitment, management needs to dedicate a lot of efforts in creating a conducive environment that encourages learning and also redesign complex jobs that meet the knowledge, skills and abilities of employees.
Simulation of silicon etching with

Anisotropic chemical etching of monocrystalline silicon in KOH aqueous solution is investigated. The atomic scale model proposed is based on the influence of the OH group on chemical bonds. Etch rate and activation energies are calculated and extended to the complete etch rate polar diagram and compared to available experimental data. Finally, an analytical description of etch rate ratios is proposed. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.
DIRECT CURRENT ENERGIZED PULSE GENERATOR . UTILIZING AUTOGENOUS CYCLICAL PULSED ABNORMAL

A cold cathode vacuum discharge tube is used in a circuit for generating pulsed autoelectronic emissions which are par ticularly intense and frequent in the abnormal glow dis charge region, and involve much lower current densities than predicted by the Fowler-Nordheim vacuum arc dis charge region law. The discharge tube is characterized by a large electrode area at least of the cathode, and a large interelectrode gap. The electrodes are preferably spaced at least 2 cm apart in a parallel relationship. A probe may be introduced between the electrodes to reduce still further the field required to generate the emissions. In another configu ration the probe forms the anode and two plates form cathodes. The circuit is driven from a direct current source of having an impedance sufficient to prevent establishment of a vacuum arc discharge.
Microsoft Word-UHF MRI_B1.modeshaping_arxiv1113

Ultra high field (UHF) brain MRI has proved its value by providing enhanced SNR, contrast, and higher resolution derived from the higher magnetic field (B0). Nonetheless, with the increased B0 of UHF MRI, the transmit RF magnetic field (B1) inhomogeneity also became one of the critical issues requiring attention. As the effective wavelength of RF becomes comparable or smaller than the dimension of the brain at B0 larger than 7 Tesla, the increased B1 inhomogeneity of UHF MRI results in poor SNR and uneven contrast. While parallel transmission techniques (PTx) and high permittivity material (HPM) structures for the mitigation of B1 inhomogeneity have been suggested, the associated complexity in PTx and restricted volume of homogenization with HPM approach still remain as challenges. In this work, we address the B1 inhomogeneity in the notion of mode-shaping. Treating a brain phantom as a dielectric potential-well resonator, we apply a phantom-conformal HPM potential-well in combination with a low-index potential barrier (air), to achieve the homogeneity of B1 in the region of interest (ROI). Based on the electromagnetic simulations using a realistic brain model at 7T, we show that the proposed HPM structure reduces both the average deviation of B1 in axial slices by 54% and peak SAR by 42%, respectively.
Supervised Sentiment Analysis of Parliamentary Speeches and News Reports

In this paper, we use several supervised machine learning approaches and compare their success in predicting the sentiment of Austrian parliamentary speeches and news reports (German language). Prediction results in learningbased sentiment analysis vary strongly. They depend on the choice of algorithm and its parameterization, the quality and quantity of available training data as well as the selection of appropriate input feature representations. Our training data contains human-annotated sentiment scores at the phrase and sentence level. Going beyond the dominant bag-of-words modeling approach in traditional natural language processing, we also test sentiment analysis for neural network-based distributed representations of words. The latter reflect syntactic as well as semantic relatedness, but require huge amounts of training examples. We test both approaches with heterogeneous textual data, compare their success rates and provide conclusions on how to improve the sentiment analysis of political communication.
Identifying predictive biomarkers of CIMAvaxEGF success in advanced Lung Cancer Patients

Objectives: To identify predictive biomarkers of CIMAvaxEGF success in the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Methods: Data from a clinical trial evaluating the effect on survival time of CIMAvax-EGF versus best supportive care were analyzed retrospectively following the causal inference approach. Pre-treatment potential predictive biomarkers included basal serum EGF concentration, peripheral blood parameters and immunosenescence biomarkers (The proportion of CD8 + CD28- T cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, CD4 CD8 ratio and CD19+ B cells. The 33 patients with complete information were included. The predictive causal information (PCI) was calculated for all possible models. The model with a minimum number of predictors, but with high prediction accuracy (PCI>0.7) was selected. Good, rare and poor responder patients were identified using the predictive probability of treatment success. Results: The mean of PCI increased from 0.486, when only one predictor is considered, to 0.98 using the multivariate approach with all predictors. The model considering the proportion of CD4+ T cell, basal EGF concentration, NLR, Monocytes, and Neutrophils as predictors were selected (PCI>0.74). Patients predicted as good responders according to the pre-treatment biomarkers values treated with CIMAvax-EGF had a significant higher observed survival compared with the control group (p=0.03). No difference was observed for bad responders. Conclusions: Peripheral blood parameters and immunosenescence biomarkers together with basal EGF concentration in serum resulted in good predictors of the CIMAvax-EGF success in advanced NSCLC. The study illustrates the application of a new methodology, based on causal inference, to evaluate multivariate pre-treatment predictors