Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bio-Inspired Design for Mechanical and Biomechanical Applications

Over the course of billions of years, nature has evolved materials, structures, and morphologies that exhibit a wide range of unique functionalities. Some of these traits are of particular interest to scientists and engineers because inspiration can be drawn from these traits, and applied to a wide range of manmade systems. Thus, bio-inspired design is of great interest to researchers in hopes of improving upon man-made innovations. Bio-inspired design comes in all shapes and forms, but the present thesis focuses on inspiration from two specific aquatic animals: sharks and octopuses. First, inspiration is taken from the morphology of the skin of sharks to design surfaces and structures for engineering applications. Using a combination of 3D printing, experiments, and numerical simulations, this thesis shows that the tiny, tooth-like structures (denticles) that cover the skin of a shark can be used to enhance lift and reduce drag when placed on an airfoil as a bio-inspired, lowprofile vortex generator. In addition, this thesis shows that whole surfaces of these denticles with the right set of geometric parameters can be used to reduce drag and improve efficiency in dynamically moving surfaces. Through this bioinspired design process, insights into the structure and purpose of the denticles on a living shark are attained as well.
Flexible and stretchable photodetectors and gas sensors for wearable healthcare based on solution-processable metal chalcogenides

Wearable smart sensors are considered to be the new generation of personal portable devices for health monitoring. By attaching to the skin surface, these sensors are closely related to body signals (such as heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, breath markers, etc.) and ambient signals (such as ultraviolet radiation, inflammable and explosive, toxic and harmful gases), thus providing new opportunities for human activity monitoring and personal telemedicine care. Here we focus on photodetectors and gas sensors built from metal chalcogenide, which have made great progress in recent years. Firstly, we present an overview of healthcare applications based on photodetectors and gas sensors, and discuss the requirement associated with these applications in detail. We then discuss advantages and properties of solution-processable metal chalcogenides, followed by some recent achievements in health monitoring with photodetectors and gas sensors based on metal chalcogenides. Last we present further research directions and challenges to develop an integrated wearable platform for monitoring human activity and personal healthcare.
Preliminary report of trial of endarterectomy versus stenting for the treatment of carotid atherosclerotic stenosis in China(TESCAS-C)

Objective To compare carotid endarterectomy to carotid artery stenting for the treatment of severe symptomatic or asymptomatic atherosclerotic carotid artery stenosis. Methods We conducted a multicenter randomized controlled trial for comparing carotid-artery stenting to endarterectomy in 166 patients with severe symptomatic or asymptomatic atherosclerotic carotid artery stenosis.The primary end point of the study was the cumulative incidence of death,stroke,or myocardial infarction within 30 days after the surgical intervention,or death or ipsilateral stroke between 31 days and 6 months.The secondary end point was the related complications of either intervention,or severe restenosis at 6 months after operation.Results The primary end point occurred in 8 patients randomly assigned to undergo carotid artery stenting(cumulative incidence,9.8 percent) and in 10 patients randomly assigned to undergo endarterectomy(cumulative incidence,11.9 percent). The secondary end point occurred in 18 patients randomly assigned to undergo carotid artery stenting(cumulative incidence,22.0 percent) and in 16 patients randomly assigned to undergo endarterectomy(cumulative incidence,19.1 percent). (Conclusion) Among patients with severe carotid-artery stenosis and coexisting conditions,the therapeutic result of carotid stenting is not inferior to that of carotid endarterectomy.
Essentials of Statistical Inference: Index

1. Introduction 2. Decision theory 3. Bayesian methods 4. Hypothesis testing 5. Special models 6. Sufficiency and completeness 7. Two-sided tests and conditional inference 8. Likelihood theory 9. Higher-order theory 10. Predictive inference 11. Bootstrap methods.
An Equational Theory for a Region Calculus

A region calculus is a polymorphically typed lambda calculus with explicit memory management primitives. Every value is annotated with a region in which it is stored. Regions are allocated and deallocated in a stack-like fashion. The annotations can be statically inferred by a type and effect system, making a region calculus suitable as an intermediate language for a compiler of statically typed programming languages. Although a lot of attention has been paid to type soundness properties of different flavors of region calculi, it seems that little effort has been made to develop a semantic framework. In this paper, we formulate a syntactic equational theory, which is proven sound with respect to contextual equivalence. Soundness is achieved by introducing an appropriate notion of bisimilarity, which provides a co-inductive proof principle for showing equivalences in our region calculus. We show that bisimilarity includes the equational theory and that it coincides with contextual equivalence.
Analysis of Tongue Colour in Atlas of tongue picture in 230 Patients By Practitioners of TCM

Objective To explore the influence of individual practitionaers of TCM on observing consistency by analyzing the diagnostic results of tongue colour in atlas of tongue picture in 230 cases obtained by 10 doctors. Methods 230 typical tongue pictures with high published quality were observed under a natural light by 10 doctors.The concordance rate of judged results was expressed by percentage. Result From the analysis of tongue colour,we found: 1.The concrete content of tongue diagnosis was plentiful and the dispersion of observed result was large.The complexity and fuzziness of tongue picture made the objective description hard with the traditioinal inspection of the tongue.2. Different doctors of TCM might judge the same tongue picture incorrectly owing to the different influence of vision physiology,the knowledge level,the practice experience and language custom etc. Conclusion The traditional Chinese medicine should look for an objective way to explain the content of tongue colour in order to reduce the discordance in judgement of tongue colour.It is important and valuable to establish a standard sample library of tongue colour and an automatic recognition system on the basis of the traditional inspection of tongue.
Curve Ball: Baseball, Statistics, and the Role of Chance in the Game

Preface to the Paperback Edition Introduction Ch01: Simple Models from Tabletop Baseball Games Ch02: Exploring Baseball Data Ch03: Introducing Probability Ch04: Situational Effects Ch05: Streakiness (Or, The Hot Hand) Ch06: Measuring Offensive Performance Ch07: Average Runs per Play Ch08: The Curvature of Baseball Ch09: Making Sense of Baseball Strategy Ch10: Measuring Clutch Play Ch11: Prediction Ch12: Did the Best Team Win? Ch13: Post-Game Comments (A Brief Afterword) Appendix: Baseball Games Glossary Bibliography Index
Predictors of Health Related Quality of Life in Adults 50 Years and Older

Background: Perceived health related quality of life (HRQoL) and measures of physical function are consistently measured to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions. In older adults there are numerous measures of physical function. Purpose: To determine which measures of physical function are most closely associated with HRQoL in adults 50 years of age and older. Methods: 64 participants (54-93 years of age) completed assessments of HRQoL (Short Form Health Survey, Version 2 (SF-12v2 ) and World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL BREF)) and questionnaires related to self-esteem and physical activity. Participants were also assessed for six minute walk distance (6MWD), muscle strength, balance, gait, and lower extremity function (Short Performance Physical Battery; SPPB). Correlation analysis was performed between and within all dependent and independent measures. Forward Stepwise-Linear regression was performed to determine which independent measures predicted dependent measures. Results: The physical component score (PCS) and the mental component score (MCS) of the SF-12v2 were independent of each other unlike the domains of the WHOQOL BREF. The independent measures were best able to predict WHOQOL Physical Health (r2 =0.60), WHOQOL Psychological Health (r2 =0.58), and PCS (r2 =0.43). SPPB score best predicted PCS and WHOQOL Physical Health. The vestibular component of balance best predicted WHOQOL Psychological Health and Social Relationships. Self- esteem helped predict MCS, WHOQOL Psychological Health, and WHOQOL Social Relationships. 6MWD, muscle strength, and specific measurements of gait did not enter into any of the predictive equations for HRQoL. Conclusion: SPPB, vestibular component of balance, and self-esteem may be important tools in assessing HRQoL in older adults.
The expression and role of IL-4 and IL-4(delta)2 in tuberculosis with and without HIV co-infection.

Background: Tuberculosis progresses despite potent Thl responses. A putative explanation is the presence of a subversive Th2 response. However interpretation is confounded by a novel cytokine, IL-452, a splice variant and inhibitor of IL-4. Methods: The expression of Thl cytokines (IFN-y), IL-452, Th2 cytokines (IL-4) and sCD30 was investigated in whole blood, lung lavage and mononuclear cell cultures from donors with TB, TB-HIV co-infection, and matched controls. Results: After validation of a fluorogenic real-time RT-PCR assay, the half-life of IL- 4 mRNA, but not IL-452, was found to be prolonged in TB vs controls (P<0.002). mRNAs for IL-4 and IL-452 were elevated in unstimulated cells from blood and lung lavage of patients vs controls (p<0.005). Patients with TB expressed significantly greater mRNA levels of both cytokines in T-cells (p<0.05 compared to controls where expression was predominantly in non-T cells). Radiological disease correlated with the IL-4/IFN-y ratio and sCD30 (p<0.005). Tuberculosis antigen upregulated expression of IL-4 relative to IL-462 in mononuclear cell cultures from tuberculosis patients (P<0.05). By contrast, though HIV-TB co-infected donors had increased IL-4 in blood and lung lavage, in lung the predominant form was IL-452. After chemotherapy, in tuberculosis and in HIV-TB co-infection, IL-4 mRNA levels remained unchanged whilst IL-462 increased (p<0.05). Conclusions: A Th2-like response, prominent in T cells, and driven by TB antigen, is present in TB and is modulated by treatment suggesting a role for IL-4 and its antagonist, IL-452 in the pathogenesis of TB and their ratio as a possible marker of disease activity. Furthermore, enhancement of IL-4 mRNA stability, a hitherto undescribed regulatory mechanism in human TB, may facilitate the immunopathological effect of IL-4. The specific antigens inducing the IL-4 response require identification to facilitate future vaccine development strategies. Further studies are required to determine whether IL-4 facilitates systemic HIV progression in co-infected patients.
Emergency Drug Supply Mechanism in Women and Children’s Special Hospital During Earthquake Disaster

OBJECTIVE:To explore an emergency drug supply mechanism for women and children’s special hospital during earthquake disaster. METHODS: The practice of drug supply in our hospital after "5·12" Wenchuan earthquake was analyzed. RESULTS: The daily and post-earthquake medicine supply of the hospital was guaranteed,including the drugs which supply to the medical treatment rescues team in the disaster area;and the principle and approach of emergency drug supply in women and children's special hospital during earthquake disaster has been established. CONCLUSIONS: The emer-gency drug supply in women and children’s special hospital should cover drugs used for wounded women and children in addition to those special drugs used for earthquake injuries. All the links including drug plan,drug purchase,quantity monitoring and drugs needed for rescue should be considered in detail to form a fast and smooth hospital emergency drug supply mechanism.
The research on vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures under CT

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of vertebroplasty on the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Methods Since March 2000, 30 cases of this kind of disease with 30 vertebras were treated by vertebroplasty and the effects were observed. Results All the cases feeled pain disappeared or decreased significantly one or two days later after the operation and then they could walk around in the next day or three days. All the cases had no pain again during the follow-up period for 3-12 months. There was no severe complication. Conclusion This kind of technique is a simple, safe, economic and effective therapeutic method. However, there are also some complications. So the technique should be improved step by step and the operative indication should be strict.
A qualitative investigation into the experiences, perceptions, beliefs and self-care management of people with type 2 diabetes

Diabetes is a complex, chronic, insidious metabolic disorder. The marked prevalence in individuals with diabetes due to obesity, sedentary lifestyles and a poor diet, is proving a considerable challenge for healthcare systems across the world. In order to reduce diabetes related complications, it is imperative that individuals are able to effectively self-manage their condition. For this to be achieved it is crucial that the appropriate healthcare professionals provide on-going support and education. To date, this aspect has not been explored and we do not know what people with diabetes need in relation to support and education. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand the experiences, perceptions and beliefs of what is important to a person with diabetes, in order to effectively self-care manage. A qualitative enquiry was undertaken, using a grounded theory approach to underpin sampling, data collection and analysis. Seventeen participants with type 2 diabetes were interviewed using a conversational style approach. Formal ethical approval was obtained from the NHS National Research Ethics Service and the University of Salford Research and Ethics Committee. All participants gave consent prior to data collection. Five principal concepts emerged from the data: i) Education, what education? ii) Why can’t they just tell you what diabetes is? iii) They just tell you what to do, they never ask about me iv) I just wanted a leaflet I could read and understand, they make you feel stupid v) I just carry on as normal The key theory to emerge illustrated that at the point of diagnosis limited significance was placed on the self-care management of type 2 diabetes. This study has revealed for the first time, that due to the apparent lack of significance the participants placed on type 2 diabetes, people do not sufficiently engage in appropriate self-care management. The participants did not necessarily view type 2 diabetes as a chronic condition due to experiencing little or no signs or symptoms, pre or post diagnosis. Despite the lack of full acceptance, participants passively recognised that ‘something needed to be done. ’ Participants expressed a desire to be treated as a person with diabetes rather than the clinician’s focus on treating the disease in a generic manner. The theory suggests that there is a crucial and urgent need for timely, person focused, tailored information to be communicated effectively. Person centered care delivered in this way would maximise the effectiveness of self-care management in order to reduce the risk of serious consequences of diabetes. Further research opportunities could investigate the dialogue that takes place between healthcare professionals and individuals with type 2 diabetes. By establishing the individual’s comprehension of the information or education provided, this may afford a greater insight into patient understanding towards self-care management.
Exploring the Front Squat

SUMMARY THIS ARTICLE EXPLORES THE “FRONT SQUAT” (FSQ) AND ITS VARIATIONS AS PART OF THE “BIG THREE” (DEADLIFT, POWER CLEAN, AND SQUAT) EXERCISES PRESCRIBED BY STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACHES TO DEVELOP TOTAL BODY STRENGTH, TARGETING THE HIP EXTENSORS (GLUTEUS MAXIMUS), KNEE EXTENSORS (QUADRICEPS), KNEE FLEXORS (HAMSTRINGS), AND CORE MUSCULATURE (ERECTOR SPINAE, QUADRATUS LUMBORUM, OBLIQUES, RECTUS, AND TRANSVERSE ABDOMINIS). MORE SPECIFICALLY, THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO INTRODUCE STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACHES TO THE FSq TEACHING PROGRESSION, WITH SPECIFIC EMPHASIS ON DEVELOPING THE CORRECT BODY POSITIONING REQUIRED FOR EXECUTION OF THE FSQ.
National responses to preventing violence and unintentional injuries

Nearly 800 000 people in the European Region of WHO are killed annually by injuries, whether these are intentional or unintentional. Preventing and controlling unintentional injuries and violence comprises a priority for public health action requiring strong leadership from the health sector. To understand the extent of the response to date and to identify areas where more action may be needed, a European survey of national responses to the prevention of violence and unintentional injuries has been conducted. The focal persons on violence and unintentional injury prevention appointed by health ministries participated in the survey. Thirty-one of the 42 countries to which it was sent, returned the questionnaires, a response rate of 74%. The survey shows that few countries have developed an adequate structural response or devoted adequate resources to the problem. This especially applies to lowto middle-income countries in the Region, which have the highest burden of injuries. These results demonstrate that more concerted action is needed. This includes the need for advocacy, surveillance, building capacity, developing policy and mobilizing resources. The results form a useful baseline for assessing future activities and identifying country-specific areas that could be targeted for further development.
Adoption of Technology to Improve Medication Safety: Perspectives of Pharmacy Directors

Objective: To explore perspectives about issues surrounding organizational decisions to adopt and implement medication safety technologies. Methods: Three focus groups and 5 telephone interviews with US hospital pharmacy directors were conducted, representing 25 hospitals. A written survey provided supplemental information about adoption of the technologies. We used one component of Rogers' diffusion of innovation model to guide our study. Results: Pharmacy directors reported different adoption rates for medication safety technologies, with 100% adoption of automated dispensing systems, 36% of electronic medication administration records, 27% of bar code medication administration technology, and 18% of computerized prescriber order entry systems. We explored 6 major themes within our study, with 4 themes suggested by Rogers' model: (1) agenda-setting, (2) matching, (3) redefining, and (4) clarifying. These themes were characterized from discussions on issues such as the importance of patient safety as a motivator for technology adoption; prioritizing implementation of medication safety technologies; choosing a vendor for safety innovations; the need for technology customization; and the need to clarify an innovation's role in addressing patient safety at an institution. Two emergent themes included (5) participants' roles in the innovation process and (6) perspectives about future adoption of medication safety technologies. Conclusion: Understanding the applicability of Rogers' innovation process model can help institutions interested in promoting the adoption of medication safety technologies. Recognizing the variability of different stakeholders' perspectives and appreciating the insight of pharmacy directors may be important for organizations hoping to expand the use of information technology to improve patient safety.
Electronic Structure of Iron Nitrides Studied by Electron Diffraction. I. γ'-Fe4N

Using the fact that low order reflection intensities in electron diffraction depend strongly on the electronic state of atoms in crystals, the electronic structure of γ'-Fe 4 N was determined by measuring superstructure reflection intensities, which are contributed almost by nitrogen atoms, from a polycrystalline film produced by nitriding evaporated iron film with ammonia-hydrogen gas. The observed superstructure reflection intensities were put on the absolute scale by comparing with higher order main reflection intensities free from the effect of atomic ionization. A detailed analysis lead to the conclusion that the electronic structure is Fe 0 (Fe +1/3 ) 3 N -1 . Although the present structure is different from the models proposed previously for the interpretation of the ferromagnetic properties of γ'-Fe 4 N, it is possible to interpret the magnetic moment distribution equally well. Some discussions are also given about the bonding nature in the nitride.
Physical processes in comets, stars, and active galaxies : proceedings of a workshop, held at Ringberg Castle, Tegernsee, May 26-27, 1986

I The Physics of Comets. - Comet Explorations. (With 7 Figures). - Spatial Distribution of Constituents in the Coma of Comet Halley, an Observing Programme at the ESO 1-m Telescope (With 6 Figures). - On the Average Chemical Composition of Cometary Dust (With 3 Figures). - The Interaction of the Solar Wind with a Comet (With 7 Figures). - II The Sun as a Star. - Rotation and Magnetic Fields in the Sun (With 3 Figures). - Modelling of the Magnetic Field of Solar Prominences (With 2 Figures). - On the Frequencies of Solar Oscillations (With 5 Figures). - Mixing and Transport of Angular Momentum in the Solar Interior. - III Single and Binary Stars. - Models of Star Formation. (With 1 Figure). - Time Dependent Convection in Stars - a Review of the Theories. - Infrared Giants. (With 2 Figures). - On the Solutions for Contact Binary Systems (With 7 Figures). - White Dwarfs in Close Binaries. (With 1 Figure). - IV Active Galactic Nuclei. - Active Galactic Nuclei: Ten Theoretical Problems. - Observations of a Complete Sample of Relativistic Sources in Active Galactic Nuclei. (With 2 Figures). - Optical Emission from Radio Hotspots. - Index of Contributors.
Capillary-wave relaxation for a meniscus between miscible liquids.

We have measured autocorrelation functions for light scattered from capillary waves at the interface in a near-critical binary liquid mixture both at two-phase equilibrium and after abruptly raising the temperature to drive the system toward one-phase equilibrium. Use of the capillary-wave dispersion relation allows the extraction of an effective surface tension. '' This surface tension represents a dynamical integrity of the nonequilibrium interface which may affect pattern formation when the interface is driven.