Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influenza Virus Multiplication in the Chick Chorio-allantoic Membrane

A description is given of techniques used for studying influenza virus infection of the allantoic and chorionic surfaces of the chick chorio-allantoic membrane. It was possible to infect one surface of the membrane at a time and to show that the two layers behaved independently and reacted differently. In contrast to the allantoic layer, the chorionic cells appeared to support only a single cycle of mu€tiplication. This conclusion is based particularly on the small rise of infectivity which occurs following chorionic inoculation of virus, and on the proportion between the amount of virus inoculated and the yield of soluble antigen. Some evidence is presented which suggests that the elementary bodies are less readily released from chorionic cells than from the allantoic cells.
Running head : SECOND GUESSNG IN GROUP DECISION-MAKING 1 Second Guessing in Group Decision-Making

While numerous studies have demonstrated the difficulty minority opinion holders face when trying to persuade a majority, the present research investigated the conditions under which minority members might second-guess themselves and become advocates for the majority’s position even when they have the best information. In a laboratory experiment, we examined whether the structure of monetary incentives (fixed amount versus performance-based) and group decision-making procedure (collective decisions versus group discussion then individual decisions) might mitigate second-guessing by minority members when they initially favor the objectively best choice. Our results indicated that compared to fixed-amount incentives, performance-based incentives increased overall information sharing in collective decisionmaking groups but not in individual decision-making groups. Second-guessing by minority members was most likely to occur in groups that received performance-based incentives and made decisions individually. As a result of second guessing, these groups also made poorer decisions.
LIPID COMPOSITION OF SYNAPTO-IN ISCHEMIC RAT BRAIN

In this study, we report lipid changes in myelin and synaptosomes in a rat model of cerebral ischemia. Three-month-old male Wistar rats were subjected to cerebral ischemia according to the model of Smith with minor modifications. Synaptosomal and myelin fractions were isolated and lipids were extracted. The lipid content was measured by thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography and spectrophotometrically. In the brains of rats subjected to cerebral ischemia, we found an increase of total cholesterol and total glycolipids in both fractions. The content of total free fatty acids (FFAs) and total phospholipids increased in synaptosomes, whereas these lipids tended to decrease in myelin. The changes indicate a disturbance of lipid metabolism and may be interpreted as a physiological adaptive response to ischemia.
B 0 s,d → ` + ` − decays in the aligned two-Higgs-doublet model

: The rare decays B 0 s,d → ` + ` − are analyzed within the general framework of the aligned two-Higgs doublet model. We present a complete one-loop calculation of the relevant short-distance Wilson coeﬃcients, giving a detailed technical summary of our results and comparing them with previous calculations performed in particular limits or approximations. We investigate the impact of various model parameters on the branching ratios and study the phenomenological constraints imposed by present data
Sleep-Wake and Sleep Stage Detection from Wrist-Worn Actigraphy

The aim of this thesis is to review and evaluate the performance of existing algorithms used to detect sleep-wake periods from a long term actigraphy signal and investigate the possibility to identify different sleep stages that occur during sleep. Wrist actigraphy has been widely recognized as a suitable low cost and low intrusive alternative to polysomnography for sleep and wake identification. While most of the current applications and algorithms focus mainly on detecting sleep and wakefulness during the night, the main goal of this thesis is to evaluate their ability to identify sleep and wake periods in longterm recordings and compare the results to ground truth obtained from sleep diaries. Several existing algorithms were implemented and evaluated on a data set from a long term actigraphy study. Also a new algorithm based on decision trees and simple features is proposed as well as a new post-processing method which outperforms existing solutions. In the second part of this work, exploratory data analysis was performed using data obtained from simultaneous actigraphy and polysomnography recordings to investigate the possibility of sleep stages detection during the night. Further on, several machine learning models were developed for automatic detection of sleep stages using actigraphy data or actigraphy in a combination with heart rate signals. However, the results of identifying different sleep stages are not very promising and as other sources suggest, wrist actigraphy even in combination with heart rate signals might not contain the necessary information to do so and further research might be needed.
Special Needs, Special Horses: A Guide to the Benefits of Therapeutic Riding

A growing number of individuals with special needs are discovering the benefits of therapies and activities involving horseback riding. Special Needs, Special Horses , by Naomi Scott, offers information about the amazing results possible with therapeutic riding, or hippotherapy. From recreational riding for individuals with disabilities, to the competitions some riders enter (and win), Scott describes the various techniques of the process and its benefits to the physically and mentally challenged. The book explores the roles of the instructors, physical therapists, volunteers, and the horses, and explains carriage driving, vaulting, and educational interactions with horses. Scott profiles individuals involved in the therapy, including clients whose special needs arose from intrauterine stroke, cerebral palsy, transverse myelitis, Parkinson’s disease, paralysis, sensory integration dysfunction, multiple sclerosis, shaken baby syndrome, sensory damage, stroke, seizures, infantile spasms, Down syndrome, and autism. Special Needs, Special Horses is an excellent guide for the families of the many who do—or could—enjoy improved lives from therapeutic riding. It will also appeal to practitioners of therapeutic riding as an overview of their profession.
The Ef fi cacy of Azithromycin for the Treatment of Genital Mycoplasma genitalium : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background. Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is associated with nongonococcal urethritis in men and cervicitis in women. Current guidelines recommend treatment with 1 gram of azithromycin; however, treatment failure has increasingly been reported. This meta-analysis estimates treatment efficacy following treatment with 1 gram of azithromycin. Methods. Electronic databases were searched for articles published to the end of February 2015 using the following search terms: (Mycoplasma genitalium) AND (azithromycinOR zithromaxOR [treatment efficacy]). Studieswere included if they were English language, had participants aged≥12 years diagnosedwith urogenitalMG, and hadmicrobial curemeasured within 12 months of treatment. Treatment efficacy was measured as microbial cure at last follow-up after treatment. Results. Atotalof21 studies, including1490participants, fulfilled the inclusioncriteria.Most studieswereobservational, with only 5 controlled trials identified. The random-effects pooledmicrobial curewas 77.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 71.1%–83.4%; I = 80.8%,P < .01). For the 12 studies conducted prior to 2009, pooledmicrobial curewas 85.3% (CI, 82.3%– 88.3%; I = 19.7%, P = .25); for the 9 studies conducted since the beginning of 2009, pooled microbial cure was 67.0% (CI, 57.0%–76.9%; I = 80.9%, P < .01). Conclusions. Theefficacyof a singledoseof 1gramof azithromycin for the treatmentofurogenitalMGhasdecreased to approach60%. Even thoughmost of the available evidence is basedonobservational studies thathave considerable variability in sample size and timing ofmicrobial cure, this lowefficacy is of considerable concern. It is vital that new treatment options for MG are investigated.
Diagnosis of Learning Disabilities in school going children using Data Mining Techniques : a survey 1

This paper is a survey paper on the prediction of learning disabilities (LD) in schoolage children. LD is a Disruptive Behaviour Disorder characterized by the presence of a set of chronic and impairing behaviour patterns that display abnormal levels of inattention, hyperactivity, or their combination. [3] Since most individuals especially children display these behaviours from time to time, it is be difficult to differentiate behaviours that reflect LD from those that are a normal part of growing up which makes the diagnosis a tricky job. In this paper, surveys on implementation methods are using difference well know artificial intelligence techniques like Support Vector Machine, Neural Network and Decision tree. SVM algorithm for the diagnosis of the disorder. The major advantage of using SVM is that it helps in controlling the complexity of the problem of diagnosing. Neural network method is used for classification, clustering, feature mining, prediction and pattern recognition. Decision tree are powerful and popular tool for classification and prediction [3]. These techniques are emphasis on application of data mining, and playing vital role for classification, analysis and solving the design of an LD prediction tool based on machine learning technique. To implement these classification techniques, required different source and methods of data collection, the data set, data distribution, normalization and attribute normalization. The main aim of this paper is to present a survey of all of researchers who worked in this area and explaining different approaches to identify learning disabilities in school going children. Index Terms Preprocessing, Learning Disability, Neural Network, Support vector machine and Decision tree.
Packet Reordering Data flow Information flow Proposed component Information FeedbackVideo Display Video signal Retransmission Controller Segments

Prompted by technological advancements in wireless systems and handheld devices, concurrent multipath transfer is a promising solution to stream high-quality mobile video in heterogeneous access medium. Multipath TCP (MPTCP) is a transportlayer protocol recommended by IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) for concurrent data transmission to multi-radio terminals. However, it is still challenging to stream satisfactory real-time videos with the existing MPTCP solutions because of the tradeoff between energy efficiency and video quality. To deliver realtime video in an energy-efficient manner, this paper presents a Delay-Energy-quAlity-aware MPTCP (DEAM) solution. First, an analytical framework is developed to characterize the delayconstrained energy-quality tradeoff for multipath video delivery over heterogeneous access networks. Second, a subflow allocation algorithm is proposed to minimize the device energy consumption while achieving target video quality within the imposed deadline. The performance of the proposed DEAM is verified by means of extensive Exata emulations with real-time streaming videos. Evaluation results demonstrate that DEAM achieves appreciable improvements over the reference MPTCP solutions in mobile energy conservation and user-perceived video quality.
In situ Fe K-edge X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy study during cycling of Li 2 FeSiO 4 and Li 2 . 2 Fe 0 . 9 SiO 4 Li ion battery materials

Please note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the text and/or graphics, which may alter content. The journal’s standard Terms & Conditions and the Ethical guidelines still apply. In no event shall the Royal Society of Chemistry be held responsible for any errors or omissions in this Accepted Manuscript or any consequences arising from the use of any information it contains. Accepted Manuscript Journal of Materials Chemistry A
Analysis of Consumer-Grade Anti-Theft Solutions Provided by Android Mobile Anti-Virus Apps

We study the “anti-theft” mechanisms available to consumers to thwart unauthorised access to personal data on stolen Android smartphones. With millions of devices stolen in the USA in 2013 alone, such attacks are a serious and growing problem. The main mitigation against unauthorised data access on stolen devices is provided by “anti-theft” apps; that is, with “remote wipe” and “remote lock” functions. We study the top 10 Mobile Anti-Virus (MAV) apps that implement these functions. They have been downloaded hundreds of millions of times. We investigate the general security practices of MAVs, as well as the implementation of their “remote wipe” and “remote lock” functions. Our analysis uncovers flaws that undermine MAV security claims and highlight the fragility of third-party security apps. We find that MAV remote locks may be unreliable due to poor implementation practices, Android API limitations and vendor customisations. Mobile OS architectures leave third-party security apps little leeway to improve built-in Factory Resets, therefore MAV remote wipe functions are not an alternative to a flawed built-in Factory Reset. We conclude the only viable solutions are those driven by vendors themselves.
GesturePod : Programmable Gesture Recognition for Augmenting Assistive Devices

UPDATED—May 31, 2018. We have designed a GesturePod that converts any white cane into an interactive cane that can enable easy access to smartphones and other home devices for people who are visually impaired (VI) and the elderly. Users can control devices by performing programmable gestures on the cane. For example, a user can answer an incoming call with a double swipe. Our GesturePod is a lightweight, non-intrusive device built from inexpensive Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensors and a battery-powered Cortex M0+ microcontroller. A key technical contribution of this work is the development of a robust real-time gesture recognition system based on Machine Learning (ML) models that can be deployed on tiny microcontrollers. We also developed an Android App which pairs with GesturePod and makes it easier and faster to complete frequent phone tasks like answering a call or reading notifications. A study with 12 VI participants demonstrated that with just 10 minutes of training, users were able to perform gestures with >90% accuracy and complete some of the tasks 9 times faster. Author
A GPU-Based Interactive System for Image Retrieval

Many applications require solving exploration-exploitation tradeoffs, where, based on noisy feedback, the system needs to simultaneously learn a model and use that model to maximize the reward obtained. This poses a number of challenges in interactive information retrieval systems, where the amount of data and/or the dimensionality of the data can be very large, which, in turn, can affect the responsiveness of the system. We describe an image retrieval system based on Gaussian Process Bandits, where GPU architecture is used to improve the speed and scalability of the system.
. Plant Respiration in Relation to Terrestrial Ecosystem Net Primary Production

Neither the rate nor the extent of production need bear a close relation to photosynthetic rate, or be determined by it. The processes that follow photosynthesis, such as respiration and translocation, or other limitations on the capacity of plants to grow and utilize photosynthate, can be major determinants of productivity . 1,. T. Evans (1975), "Photosynthesis and Productivity in Different Environments"
The embedded Java benchmark suite

Requirements to embedded systems increase steadily. In parallel, also the performance of the processors used in these systems is improved leading to multithreaded and/or multicore architectures. Depending on the type of the embedded system, using Java is a more and more popular way for software development. In this paper, we present a Java benchmark suite that enables the comparison of different embedded Java platforms while solely assuming the availability of a CLDC API, the minimal configuration defined for the J2ME. The core of the benchmark suite consists of adapted realworld applications. Furthermore, the suite contains benchmarks to explore multi-core/multi-threaded systems. Hence, it is possible to determine the gain of a parallel execution platform compared to sequential execution. Additionally, the penalty of a sequential program running on a parallel platform can be measured. Our benchmarks are structured in micro, kernel, application, parallel, and streaming benchmarks.
for the degree Candidatus Scientiarum in Physics

Ice cores has long been used as a reliable and precise archive of past climate conditions, and the analysis of them provide information on a range of processes from global air temperatures and the atmospheric composition to the extent of wildfires in North America and biological activity levels in the oceans. In the present study new techniques was applied to a shallow ice core in order to measure the phosphate content and the pH level of the ice. Neither of these measurements are standard procedures for the continuous flow analysis (CFA) setup, and the present study is the first continuous phosphate and pH record from a Greenland ice core. Phosphate is an important and possibly limiting nutrient for primary production in the oceans. Because of human activities such as widespread use of fertilizers and conversion of forest and grasslands into farmland, many changes to the phosphate cycle has occurred over the last centuries, the extent of which is not known exactly. Analysing phosphate concentrations in ice cores may help gain important knowledge about the extent of those processes. pH on the other hand is a master variable that strongly influences as varied processes as the solubility and hence the weathering of minerals, the speciation of aerosols and the equilibrium concentration of any chemical reaction that involves the hydrogen ion. The pH is however usually estimated from the conductivity of ice and melt water rather than measuring the actual pH. It is however believed that there is a strong relation between these measures, and conductivity measurements has the advantage of being both faster than pH measurements as well as being non destructive. A continuous and highly sensitive absorption method developed by Kjær [2010] (for phosphate) and Raghuraman et al. [2006] (for pH) was applied to the detection of both of these species in ice cores. The ice core analysed was the NEGIS shallow ice core from the Greenland ice sheet, which covers the past 400 years. Results showed that the average level of phosphate in the NEGIS core was 0.32 ppb, and no clear indications of anthropogenic changes was found. A high correlation between phosphate and dust as well as between phosphate and pH suggests that dust is either a source or a transport mechanism for phosphate, and that the acidity level may alter the solubility of atmospheric dust to release more phosphorus. The relation between the pH measurements and the electrical conductivity measurements was investigated, and all previously observed trends from the literature regarding these relations was confirmed. The relation, though, has been developed for use with ice cores, and the application on the much less dense firn core requires some alterations to the relation.
The first data on beetles ( Coleoptera ) of the High Arctic Shokalsky Island ( Kara Sea ) Ïåðâûå ñâåäåíèÿ î æóêàõ ( Coleoptera ) âûñîêîàðêòè÷åñêîãî îñòðîâà Øîêàëüñêîãî ( Êàðñêîå ìîðå )

1 Zoology and Ecology Department, Moscow Pedagogical State University, Kibalchicha str. 6, Bld. 3, Moscow 129164 Russia. E-mail: kvmac@inbox.ru 2 Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172 Blindern NO-0318 Oslo Norway. E-mail: vladimir.gusarov@nhm.uio. no 3 A.N. Severtsov Institute of ecology and evolution Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071 Russia. E-mail: ol_makarova@mail.ru, microtus@list.ru, adrealinea@gmail.com 1 Московский государственный педагогический университет, кафедра зоологии и экологии, ул. Кибальчича 6, корп. 3, Москва 129164 Россия. 3 Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А. Н. Северцова Российской Академии Наук, Ленинский пр-т 33, Москва 119071, Россия.
Syddansk Universitet Self-rated health and functional capacity in individuals reporting overlapping symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease , functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome a population based study

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are common functional gastrointestinal conditions with a significant impact on daily life. The objectives were to analyse general self-rated health and self-reported functional capacity in adults meeting the criteria for GERD, FD and IBS, respectively, and in individuals who meet the criteria for more than one of the conditions. Methods: A nationwide study of 100,000 individuals aged 20 years and above, randomly selected in the general Danish population. A web-based questionnaire survey formed the basis of this study. Questions regarding FD and IBS were extracted from the ROME III adult questionnaire. Questions regarding GERD were developed based on the Montreal definition. Self-rated health and functional capacity was measured by single global questions. Results: Respondents meeting the criteria for either GERD, FD or IBS have significantly higher odds of reporting poor self-rated health and impaired functional capacity compared to individuals not experiencing these functional gastrointestinal conditions. Furthermore, respondents with overlapping gastrointestinal (GI) symptom complexes have significantly higher odds of reporting poor self-rated health and impaired functional capacity compared to respondents with symptoms compatible with only one of the symptom complexes. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that individuals experiencing symptoms of GERD, FD or IBS report poor self-rated health as well as impaired functional capacity. The impact on self-rated health and functional capacity is highest among individuals experiencing overlapping symptoms of GERD, FD and IBS.
P L ] 2 0 D ec 2 01 7 Kayak : Safe Semantic Refactoring to Java Streams

Refactorings are structured changes to existing software that leave its externally observable behaviour unchanged. Their intent is to improve readability, performance or other non-behavioural properties. State-of-the-art automatic refactoring tools are syntax-driven and, therefore, overly conservative. In this paper we explore semantics-driven refactoring, which enables much more sophisticated refactoring schemata. As an exemplar of this broader idea, we present Kayak, an automatic refactoring tool that transforms Java with external iteration over collections into code that uses Streams, a new abstraction introduced by Java 8. Our refactoring procedure performs semantic reasoning and search in the space of possible refactorings using automated program synthesis. Our experimental results support the conjecture that semantics-driven refactorings are more precise and are able to rewrite more complex code scenarios when compared to syntax-driven refactorings.
Bayesian Networks of Bounded Treewidth: A Performance Analysis

—Bounding the treewidth of Bayesian Networks has been claimed to guarantee polynomial-time inference with little harm to accuracy. However, there has been little empirical evidence to support that claim. In this work we study empirically the effect of bounding treewidth on generalization ability. Our results suggest that adding a constraint to treewidth decreases the model performance on unseen data and makes the corresponding optimization problem more difﬁcult.