Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Using Ontologies for Testing Compilers

Testing compilers requires coming up with textual input that can be parsed. Depending on the input the compiler may indicate an error, e.g., a lexical or a syntactical error, or may proceed converting the input to the output format. In this paper, we focus on the parsing functionality of a compiler and discuss an approach that is based on combinatorial testing for generating textual inputs. In particular, we make use of ontology-based testing, where we come up with an ontology describing potential inputs. Originally, ontology-based testing has been developed for testing safety-critical systems where the underlying idea was to use ontologies to describe the concepts of an environment of the system under test, and to use combinatorial testing for extracting critical scenarios based on these concepts. Making use of ontology-based testing for compilers extends the applicability of this testing method to the domain of compiler testing. Besides discussing the foundations behind the approach, we make use of a case study to illustrate the applicability of the proposed method.
A Switchable, Passively Tuneable 28 GHz to 39 GHz Upconversion Link for a 5G Repeater using a Broadside Coupler and Analog Predistortion in a 130 nm BiCMOS Technology

In this paper, a switchable, passively tuneable 28 GHz to 39 GHz upconversion link for a 5G repeater is proposed and investigated. The upconversion link features an ultra efficient method for output power level adjustment as well as a size efficient broadside coupler for control signal extraction. A tuning range of 7 dB is realized at almost no additional layout effort and zero power consumption. The design yields a measured large signal power gain of 13.8 dB and an input-referred 1 dB compression point of −7.1 dBm; a linearity improvement of 4 dB is achieved by using analog predistortion. For the broadside coupler an insertion loss of −2.2 dB and a coupling of −14 dB is realized. The broadside coupler consumes an area of $340 \mu\mathrm{m} \times 220\mu\mathrm{m}$.
On the Industrial Applicability of Augmented Testing: An Empirical Study

Testing applications with graphical user Interfaces (GUI) is an important but also a time-consuming task in practice. Tools and frameworks for GUI test automation can make the test execution more efficient and lower the manual labor required for regression testing. However, the test scripts used for automated GUI-based testing still require a substantial development effort and are often reported as sensitive to change, leading to frequent and costly maintenance. The efficiency of development, maintenance, and evolution of such tests are thereby dependent on the readability of scripts and the ease-of-use of test tools/frameworks in which the test scripts are defined. To address these shortcomings in existing state-of-practice techniques, a novel technique referred to as Augmented Testing (AT) has been proposed. AT is defined as testing the System Under Test (SUT) through an Augmented GUI that superimposes information on top of the SUT GUI. The Augmented GUI can provide the user with hints, test data, or other support while also observing and recording the tester’s interactions. For this study, a prototype tool, called Scout, has been used that adheres to the AT concept that is evaluated in an industrial empirical study. In the evaluation, quasi-experiments and questionnaire surveys are performed in two workshops, with 12 practitioners from two Swedish companies (Ericsson and Inceptive). Results show that Scout can be used to create equivalent test cases faster, with statistical significance, than creating automated scripts in two popular state-of-practice tools. The study concludes that AT has cost-value benefits, applies to industrial-grade software, and overcomes several deficiencies of state-of-practice GUI testing technologies in terms of ease-of-use.
Prevalence of yeasts in diarrheic calves with molecular Identification of C. albicans

DOI:10.5176/2382-5685_VETSCI14. 29 © 2014 GSTF Abstract This study focused on determining the frequency and morphological identification of yeast involved in unresponsive calves’ diarrhea by antibiotics, with molecular identification of C. albicans. C. albicans the most frequently isolated yeast in this study and its Phospholipase B1 (PLB1) gene as a virulence factor. One hundred fecal samples from diarrheic calves were investigated, 49 strains of yeast were isolated. Thirty four different strains (69.3%) classified as Candida were identified based on phenotypic properties. The dominating species were C. albicans (20.4%) Followed by C. glabrata (16.3%), G. candidum (14.3%), C. krusei (12.2%), C. tropicalis (10.2%), C. guilliermondii (10.2%), R. rubra (8.2%) and C. neoformans (8.2%). seven out of ten strains phenotypically identified as C. albicans were confirmed by PCR using specific primers for the amplification of a fragment of the rRNA gene of C. albicans. Phospholipase B1 gene a virulence determinant of C. albicans, was detected in all molecularly identified C. albicans isolates. The results of the present study indicate the importance of PCR as more rapid, effective and reliable tool for screening of yeast spp. than the phenotypic methods. When confronted with cases of undifferentiated calf diarrhea to avoid unnecessary and potentially harmful antibacterial therapy.
Current Status and Challenges from a CDMO Perspective

Given today's fast growing biopharmaceutical market, a broad portfolio of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compliant manufacturing options is available from traditional stainless steel equipment to various disposable devices. This article focuses on benefits and drawbacks of implementing single-use equipment for manufacturing biopharmaceuticals to meet both process efficiency and regulatory guidelines. Depending on the type of product and the client's requirements, e. g. provision of material for clinical trials, single-use facilities allow fast changeover times and a high degree of flexibility. On the other hand, Contract Development and Manufacturing Organizations (CDMOs) face considerable challenges associated with single-use plastics such as material integrity and solid (particulates) or chemical (leachables, extractables) contaminations. In addition, an effective supply chain management is required to ensure continuous availability of consumables and consistent operational quality. n ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Heart Signal Acquisition Based System Autoregressive Identification Models

A system identification (SI) model can be constructed without any prior knowledge of the nature or physics of the relationship that has been involved. It is therefore appropriate to examine the question of (heart rate). In this paper, a simple and efficient hardware design is implemented to acquire the heart signal with the help of several linear models of SI. The relationships between different system identification models are discussed with detailed justification of the aid of these typical types. And then characterize the methods that fit the system structure to measure data input and output, as well as the most basic characteristics of the resulting models. For evaluation, compare between SI models to validate the results.
Effect of dentin and fiber post surface treatments with fumaric acid on the bonding ability of fiber posts

This study investigated the effects of fumaric acid on push‐out bond strength when applied to dentin surfaces and fiber posts. The root canals of 60 mandibular premolar teeth were instrumented and obturated. After removing two thirds of filling material, teeth were prepared according to six randomized groups (n = 10/group) defined by two fiber post surface treatments (0.7% fumaric acid or 9% hydrofluoric acid) and three dentin conditioning treatments [control (no conditioning); 17% ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA); or 0.7% fumaric acid]. After fiber post‐cementation, three 1‐mm thick discs were obtained from each tooth by transverse sectioning, and each disc underwent push‐out bond strength testing. Data were analyzed with a one‐way analyses of variance (anova) and t tests; p < . 05 was considered statistically significant. Failure modes were determined by stereomicroscopy, and the surface characteristics of dentin and fiber posts were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Push‐out bond strength was greater for the group in which the post surface treated with hydrofluoric acid and the dentin surface treated with fumaric acid than the nontreated dentin and hydrofluoric acid‐treated post group (p < .05). There were no significant differences between other comparison pairs (p > .05). A combination of fumaric acid dentin conditioning and hydrofluoric acid fiber post treatment strengthened the bonding ability of fiber posts.
Laser-Assisted Depigmentation—An Introspection of the Science, Techniques, and Perceptions

Background: Gingival hyperpigmentation is a major concern for a significant number of patients, as a relevant aesthetic or cosmetic need. Oral melanin pigmentation is considered to be multifactorial and could be related to physiological or even pathological reasons and can be the consequence of a variety of local or systemic factors. This pigmentation varies individually across races or age groups and is without any gender predilection. Evidence gleaned from literature is presented from case–control studies and from the authors’ own research work in prospective, split-mouth, double-blinded, clinical trials comparing treatment modalities in effecting depigmentation. Methods: A systematic review of published articles, using suitable assay criteria, was carried out to formulate a consensus on laser-assisted modalities. A total of 295 published sources were subject to critical analysis and resulted in six papers that were subject to data scrutiny. Additionally, evidence is presented on clinical protocols and treatment outcomes. Results: Analysis of randomized clinical studies identified the use of two laser wavelength groups—near infrared diode and erbium group of mid-infrared lasers. Several areas of analysis were examined, and inconsistent degrees of significance were obtained to establish which laser group was optimal and if they were any better than scalpel depigmentation. Conclusion: A definitive conclusion is wanting as studies with scientific and standardized protocols of evaluation are yet to provide a take on comparative assessments between different techniques of depigmentation.
Experimental testing of hypotheses for temperature- and pH-based niche specialisation of ammonia oxidising archaea and bacteria.

Investigation of niche specialisation in microbial communities is important in assessing consequences of environmental change for ecosystem processes. Ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) present a convenient model for studying niche specialisation. They coexist in most soils and effects of soil characteristics on their relative abundances has been studied extensively. This study integrated published information on the influence of temperature and pH on AOB and AOA into several hypotheses, generating predictions that were tested in soil microcosms. The influence of perturbations in temperature were determined in pH 4.5, 6 and 7.5 soils and perturbations in pH were investigated at 15, 25 and 35°C. AO activities were determined by analysing changes in amoA gene and transcript abundances, stable isotope probing and nitrate production. Experimental data supported major predictions of the effects of temperature and pH, but with several significant discrepancies, some of which may have resulted from experimental limitations. The study also provided evidence for unpredicted activity of AOB in pH 4.5 soil. Other discrepancies highlighted important deficiencies in current knowledge, particularly lack of consideration of niche overlap and the need to consider combinations of factors when assessing the influence of environmental change on microbial communities and their activities. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Intrinsic enzyme-like activity of magnetite particles is enhanced by cultivation with Trichoderma guizhouense.

Fungal-mineral interactions can produce large amounts of biogenic nano-size (~1-100 nm) minerals, yet their influence on fungal physiology and growth remains largely unexplored. Using Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742 and magnetite (Mt) as a model fungus and mineral system, we have shown for the first time that biogenic Mt nanoparticles formed during fungal-mineral cultivation exhibit intrinsic peroxidase-like activity. Specifically, the average peroxidase-like activity of Mt nanoparticles after 72 h cultivation was ~2.4 times higher than that of the original Mt. Evidence from high resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses indicated that the unique properties of magnetite nanoparticles largely stemmed from their high proportion of surface non-lattice oxygen, through occupying surface oxygen-vacant sites, rather than Fe redox chemistry, which challenges conventional Fenton reaction theories that assume iron to be the sole redox-active centre. Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry with a resolution down to 50 nm demonstrated that a thin (<1 μm) oxygen-film was present on the surface of fungal hyphae. Furthermore, synchrotron radiation-based micro-FTIR spectra revealed that surface oxygen groups corresponded mainly to organic OH, mineral OH, and carbonyl groups. Together, these findings highlight an important, but unrecognized, catalytic activity of mineral nanoparticles produced by fungal-mineral interactions and contribute substantially to our understanding of mineral nanoparticles in natural ecosystems. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
VIMO: A Visual-Inertial-Magnetic Navigation System Based on Non-Linear Optimization

Visual-inertial navigation systems are credited with superiority over both pure visual approaches and filtering ones. In spite of the high precision many state-of-the-art schemes have attained, yaw remains unobservable in those systems all the same. More accurate yaw estimation not only means more accurate attitude calculation but also leads to better position estimation. This paper presents a novel scheme that combines visual and inertial measurements as well as magnetic information for suppressing deviation in yaw. A novel method for initializing visual-inertial-magnetic odometers, which recovers the directions of magnetic north and gravity, the visual scalar factor, inertial measurement unit (IMU) biases etc., has been conceived, implemented, and validated. Based on non-linear optimization, a magnetometer cost function is incorporated into the overall optimization objective function as a yawing constraint among others. We have done extensive research and collected several datasets recorded in large-scale outdoor environments to certify the proposed system’s viability, robustness, and performance. Cogent experiments and quantitative comparisons corroborate the merits of the proposed scheme and the desired effect of the involvement of magnetic information on the overall performance.
The Role of SW4 and SW16 in the Activity of Gl Cyclins in Yeast

Kim Nasmyth and Leon Dirick institute for Molecular Pathology Dr. Bohr-Gasse 7 A-l 030 Vienna Austria Summary Entry into the mitotic cycle (START) requires a protein kinase encoded by the CDC28 gene and one of three redundant Gl-specific cyclins encoded by CLN7, -2, and -3. SW14 and SW16 are transcription factors re- quired for the START-dependent activation of the HO endonuclease gene. They also fulfill an overlapping but essential role for cell division since cells deleted for both genes are inviable. We show that the essential role of SW14 and SW16 is to ensure the activity of Gl- specific cyclin genes. SW14 and SW16 appear neces- sary for the transcription of CLN7 and CLNP, but not for that of CLN3. CLN3 function is, however, also de- pendent on
Ergogenic Effects of Bihemispheric Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Fitness: a Randomized Cross-over Trial

Abstract Several types of routines and methods have been experimented to gain neuromuscular advantages, in terms of exercise performance, in athletes and fitness enthusiasts. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of biemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation on physical fitness indicators of healthy, physically active, men. In a randomized, single-blinded, crossover fashion, seventeen subjects (age: 30.9 ± 6.5 years, BMI: 24.8±3.1 kg/m2) underwent either stimulation or sham, prior to: vertical jump, sit & reach, and endurance running tests. Mixed repeated measures anova revealed a large main effect of stimulation for any of the three physical fitness measures. Stimulation determined increases of lower limb power (+ 5%), sit & reach amplitude (+ 9%) and endurance running capacity (+ 12%) with respect to sham condition (0.16<ηp2 < 0.41; p<0.05). Ratings-of-perceived-exertion, recorded at the end of each test session, did not change across all performances. However, in the stimulated-endurance protocol, an average lower rate-of-perceived-exertion at iso-time was inferred. A portable transcranial direct current stimulation headset could be a valuable ergogenic resource for individuals seeking to improve physical fitness in daily life or in athletic training.
Reduced Chronic Toxicity and Carcinogenicity in A/J Mice in Response to Life-Time Exposure to Aerosol From a Heated Tobacco Product Compared With Cigarette Smoke

Abstract We conducted an inhalation study, in accordance with Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Test Guideline 453, exposing A/J mice to tobacco heating system (THS) 2.2 aerosol or 3R4F reference cigarette smoke (CS) for up to 18 months to evaluate chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity. All exposed mice showed lower thymus and spleen weight, blood lymphocyte counts, and serum lipid concentrations than sham mice, most likely because of stress and/or nicotine effects. Unlike THS 2.2 aerosol-exposed mice, CS-exposed mice showed increased heart weight, changes in red blood cell profiles and serum liver function parameters. Similarly, increased pulmonary inflammation, altered lung function, and emphysematous changes were observed only in CS-exposed mice. Histopathological changes in other respiratory tract organs were significantly lower in the THS 2.2 aerosol-exposed groups than in the CS-exposed group. Chronic exposure to THS 2.2 aerosol also did not increase the incidence or multiplicity of bronchioloalveolar adenomas or carcinomas relative to sham, whereas CS exposure did. Male THS 2.2 aerosol-exposed mice had a lower survival rate than sham mice, related to an increased incidence of urogenital issues that appears to be related to congenital factors rather than test item exposure. The lower impact of THS 2.2 aerosol exposure on tumor development and chronic toxicity is consistent with the significantly reduced levels of harmful and potentially harmful constituents in THS 2.2 aerosol relative to CS. The totality of the evidence from this study further supports the risk reduction potential of THS 2.2 for lung diseases in comparison with cigarettes.
Forest Succession and Sedimentation on a Meandering-River Floodplain, Northeast British Columbia, Canada

An examination of primary forest succession within two migrating bends along the Beatton River in northeast British Columbia provides information on the interrelationships between the geomorphic and biotic components of a meandering-river floodplain. Overbank sedimentation rates are estimated from changes in the wood structure of partially buried balsam poplars, and from distinct changes in floodplain slope. Particular emphasis is placed upon the changing age-structure of dominant tree species to describe successional changes within the floodplain forest. Rapid sedimentation on the youngest ridges favours the establishment of a dense, non-reproducing balsam poplar stand of uniform age, and prevents the establishment of white spruce seedlings. Following an abrupt decline in overbank sedimentation on surfaces approximately 50 years old, white spruce rapidly colonize the bare mineral soil beneath the poplar canopy and form a dense, relatively even-aged stand. With the death of mature poplars on surfaces 100-150 years in age, the spruce seedlings are released and develop into a mature, non-reproducing stand. This stand persists until its senescence on ridges 350-400 years old. Here, a second, similar, although less even-aged spruce stand establishes, maturing in a like manner to the flrst, to eventually decline on ridges 500-550 years in age. On this older surface there is the suggestion of yet a third generation of spruce seedlings. These oscillations are reflected in changes of the vascular understory-species during succession, and compare to the cyclic regeneration and climax instability described by Watt (1947) and Whittaker (1953). Tree densities and overbank sedimentation achieve minimum values on floodplain surfaces greater than approximately 200 years in age. A reasonable explanation to account for negligible sediment deposition on these older surfaces is that the more open trunk density there permits relatively rapid overland flow, preventing the deposition of suspended sediment load. Sedimentation and vegetation appear to be strongly interrelated components within the total floodplain system.
A Review on Plant Cellulose Nanofibre-Based Aerogels for Biomedical Applications

Cellulose nanomaterials from plant fibre provide various potential applications (i.e., biomedical, automotive, packaging, etc.). The biomedical application of nanocellulose isolated from plant fibre, which is a carbohydrate-based source, is very viable in the 21st century. The essential characteristics of plant fibre-based nanocellulose, which include its molecular, tensile and mechanical properties, as well as its biodegradability potential, have been widely explored for functional materials in the preparation of aerogel. Plant cellulose nano fibre (CNF)-based aerogels are novel functional materials that have attracted remarkable interest. In recent years, CNF aerogel has been extensively used in the biomedical field due to its biocompatibility, renewability and biodegradability. The effective surface area of CNFs influences broad applications in biological and medical studies such as sustainable antibiotic delivery for wound healing, the preparation of scaffolds for tissue cultures, the development of drug delivery systems, biosensing and an antimicrobial film for wound healing. Many researchers have a growing interest in using CNF-based aerogels in the mentioned applications. The application of cellulose-based materials is widely reported in the literature. However, only a few studies discuss the potential of cellulose nanofibre aerogel in detail. The potential applications of CNF aerogel include composites, organic–inorganic hybrids, gels, foams, aerogels/xerogels, coatings and nano-paper, bioactive and wound dressing materials and bioconversion. The potential applications of CNF have rarely been a subject of extensive review. Thus, extensive studies to develop materials with cheaper and better properties, high prospects and effectiveness for many applications are the focus of the present work. The present review focuses on the evolution of aerogels via characterisation studies on the isolation of CNF-based aerogels. The study concludes with a description of the potential and challenges of developing sustainable materials for biomedical applications.