Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does a single eigenstate encode the full Hamiltonian

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) posits that the reduced density matrix for a subsystem corresponding to an excited eigenstate is "thermal. " Here we expound on this hypothesis by asking: for which class of operators, local or non-local, is ETH satisfied? We show that this question is directly related to a seemingly unrelated question: is the Hamiltonian of a system encoded within a single eigenstate? We formulate a strong form of ETH where in the thermodynamic limit, the reduced density matrix of a subsystem corresponding to a pure, finite energy density eigenstate asymptotically becomes equal to the thermal reduced density matrix, as long as the subsystem size is much less than the total system size, irrespective of how large the subsystem is compared to any intrinsic length scale of the system. This allows one to access the properties of the underlying Hamiltonian at arbitrary energy densities/temperatures using just a $\textit{single}$ eigenstate. We provide support for our conjecture by performing an exact diagonalization study of a non-integrable 1D lattice quantum model with only energy conservation. In addition, we examine the case in which the subsystem size is a finite fraction of the total system size, and find that even in this case, a large class of operators continue to match their canonical expectation values. Specifically, the von Neumann entanglement entropy equals the thermal entropy as long as the subsystem is less than half the total system. We also study, both analytically and numerically, a particle number conserving model at infinite temperature which substantiates our conjectures.
Modified Stator Winding Inverter Using Space Design of Multiplierless Wind Park Utilizing

Induction machine is an important class of electrical machines which finds wide applications as a motor in industry and in its single phase form in several domestic applications. More than 85% of industrial motors in use today are in fact induction motors. The minimization of electrical energy consumption through better motor design becomes a major concern. This paper proposes a novel technique to improve the performance of induction motor. By using a modified stator winding arrangement the efficiency has been improved by 7% and tested in laboratory. Experimental results and simulations have been presented to validate the results.
Bounds on scalar masses in theories of moduli stabilization

In recent years it has been realized that pre-BBN decays of moduli can be a significant source of dark matter production, giving a "nonthermal WIMP miracle" and substantially reduced fine-tuning in cosmological axion physics. We study moduli masses and sharpen the claim that moduli dominated the pre-BBN universe. We conjecture that in any string theory with stabilized moduli there will be at least one modulus field whose mass is of order (or less than) the gravitino mass. Cosmology then generically requires the gravitino mass not be less than about 30 TeV and the cosmological history of the universe is nonthermal prior to BBN. Stable LSP's produced in these decays can account for the observed dark matter if they are "wino-like. " We briefly consider implications for the LHC, rare decays, and dark matter direct detection and point out that these results could prove challenging for models attempting to realize gauge mediation in string theory.
Improving the tunings of the MSSM by adding triplets and singlet

We study an extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) which includes both new $SU(2)$ triplets with hypercharge $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ and a standard model gauge singlet (\`a la the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model [NMSSM]) which are coupled to each other. We are motivated by the little hierarchy problem, as well as by the $\ensuremath{\mu}$ problem of the MSSM. We show that the NMSSM and the triplet-extended MSSM can successfully solve problems of one another: while triplets are responsible for large correction to the lightest physical Higgs mass, the singlet's vacuum expectation value (VEV) explains why the $\ensuremath{\mu}$ terms (for the Higgs doublets and the new triplets) are naturally of order the electroweak (EW) scale. We also show that singlet-triplet coupling significantly changes the renormalization group evolution of the singlet mass squared, helping to render this mass squared negative, as required for the singlet to acquire a VEV. We analyze constraints on this scenario from EW precision measurements and find that a relatively large region of the parameter space of this model is viable, especially with the triplet fermions (including doubly charged) being light.
A Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar for English

This paper presents a sizable grammar for English written in the Tree Adjoining grammar (TAG) formalism. The grammar uses a TAG that is both lexicalized (Schabes, Abeille, Joshi 1988) and feature-based (VijayShankar, Joshi 1988). In this paper, we describe a wide range of phenomena that it covers. A Lexicalized TAG (LTAG) is organized around a lexicon, which associates sets of elementary trees (instead of just simple categories) with the lexical items. A Lexicalized TAG consists of a finite set of trees associated with lexical items, and operations (adjunction and substitution) for composing the trees. A lexical item is called the anchor of its corresponding tree and directly determines both the tree's structure and its syntactic features. In particular, the trees define the domain of locality over which constraints are specified and these constraints are local with respect to their anchor. In this paper, the basic tree structures of the English LTAG are described, along with some relevant features. The interaction between the morphological and the syntactic components of the lexicon is also explained. Next, the properties of the different tree structures are discussed. The use of S complements exclusively allows us to take full advantage of the treatment of unbounded dependencies originally presented in Joshi (1985) and Kroch and Joshi (1985). Structures for auxiliaries and raising-verbs which use adjunction trees are also discussed. We present a representation of prepositional complements that is based on extended elementary trees. This representation avoids the need for preposition incorporation in order to account for double whquestions (preposition stranding and pied-piping) and the pseudo-passive. A treatment of light verb constructions is also given, similar to what Abeille (1988c) has presented. Again, neither noun nor adjective incorporation is needed to handle double passives and to account for CNPC violations in these constructions. TAG'S extended domain of locality allows us to handle, within a single level of syntactic description, phenomena that in other frameworks require either dual analyses or reanalysis. In addition, following Abeille and Schabes (1989), we describe how to deal with semantic non compositionality in verb-particle combinations, light verb constructions and idioms, without losing the internal syntactic composition of these structures. The last sections discuss current work on PRO, case, anaphora and negation, and outline future work on copula constructions and small clauses, optional arguments, adverb movement and the nature of syntactic rules in a lexicalized framework. Comments University of Pennsylvania Department of Computer and Information Science Technical Report No. MSCIS-90-24. This technical report is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/cis_reports/527 A Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar For English MS-CIS-90-24 LINC LAB 170 Anne Abeillh Kathleen Bishop Sharon Cote Yves Schabes Department of Computer and Information Science School of Engineering and Applied Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6389
Study of interfacial transition zone in concrete with SCMs

The interfacial transition zone is one of the weakest areas in concrete. Microcracks and new phases often form in this zone, affecting the resulting concrete’s mechanical properties. In this research, concrete in which Portland cement was partially replaced by powdered limestone and/or metakaolin was cured for 1 and 28 days and then mechanical properties were tested. The interfacial transition zone was studied by scanning electron microscopy and selected phases were analyzed by electron microprobe. The addition of a small amount of limestone or metakaolin increases the strength of the concrete. The strength significantly decreases with a content of 10% or more supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in concrete. The microcrack’s thickness at the binder-aggregate interface reaches up to 0.8 μm. In concretes with limestone, rhombohedral calcite crystals up to 0.5 μm in size accumulate in the interfacial zone. This accumulation can significantly reduce the strength of the concrete when the amount of limestone is high. Zeolites with a composition corresponding to Mg-mazzite are formed at the interface of cement paste, quartz and albite, partially replaced by sericite.
REALISTIC MODELING OF LOCAL DYNAMO PROCESSES ON THE SUN

Magnetic fields are usually observed in the quiet Sun as small-scale elements that cover the entire solar surface (the “salt-and-pepper” patterns in line-of-sight magnetograms). By using 3D radiative MHD numerical simulations, we find that these fields result from a local dynamo action in the top layers of the convection zone, where extremely weak “seed” magnetic fields (e.g., from a 10−6 G) can locally grow above the mean equipartition field to a stronger than 2000 G field localized in magnetic structures. Our results reveal that the magnetic flux is predominantly generated in regions of small-scale helical downflows. We find that the local dynamo action takes place mostly in a shallow, about 500 km deep, subsurface layer, from which the generated field is transported into the deeper layers by convective downdrafts. We demonstrate that the observed dominance of vertical magnetic fields at the photosphere and horizontal fields above the photosphere can be explained by small-scale magnetic loops produced by the dynamo. Such small-scale loops play an important role in the structure and dynamics of the solar atmosphere and their detection in observations is critical for understanding the local dynamo action on the Sun.
Interobserver and Intraobserver Agreements of the Detection of Demodex Infestation by in Vivo Confocal Microscopy

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to determine interobserver and intraobserver agreement, repeatability, and intrasubject variation of the detection of Demodex infestation in eyelids of blepharitis patients using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). Methods: Eighty-three eyes of 42 blepharitis patients were included in the study. All eyelids were evaluated from temporal to nasal with IVCM using section mode and 10 lashes with their follicles were imagined, and every image with suspicion of Demodex infestation was recorded. Two experienced and two inexperienced ophthalmologists were masked for the diagnosis and interpreted the IVCM images regarding the presence of Demodex infestation with a 3-week interval. Interobserver and intraobserver agreements were calculated with Cohen’s kappa and its variant statistics between and within experienced observers and between inexperienced observers. Results: While average sensitivity for the diagnosis of demodicosis in IVCM images was 83.35% for experienced and 51.35% for inexperienced observers, the average positive predictive value was 88.6% for experienced observers and 91.05% for inexperienced ones. Interobserver agreement between experienced observers was moderate (κ = 0.529) and intraobserver agreements within experienced observers were perfect (κ = 0.918 for observer-1; κ = 0.958 for observer-2). Interobserver agreement between inexperienced observers was poor (κ = 0.162) and intraobserver agreements within inexperienced observers were fair (κ = 0.427 for observer-3; κ = 0.475 for observer-4). Conclusion: The sensitivity, interobserver and intraobserver agreements in IVCM image analysis for the detection of Demodex infestation were highly associated with the clinical experience on IVCM imaging. In the hands of an experienced clinician, IVCM could be reliable for the diagnosis of ocular demodicosis.
LIMITS TO THE FRACTION OF HIGH-ENERGY PHOTON EMITTING GAMMA-RAY BURSTS

After almost four years of operation, the two instruments on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope have shown that the number of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with high-energy photon emission above 100 MeV cannot exceed roughly 9% of the total number of all such events, at least at the present detection limits. In a recent paper, we found that GRBs with photons detected in the Large Area Telescope have a surprisingly broad distribution with respect to the observed event photon number. Extrapolation of our empirical fit to numbers of photons below our previous detection limit suggests that the overall rate of such low flux events could be estimated by standard image co-adding techniques. In this case, we have taken advantage of the excellent angular resolution of the Swift mission to provide accurate reference points for 79 GRB events which have eluded any previous correlations with high-energy photons. We find a small but significant signal in the co-added field. Guided by the extrapolated power-law fit previously obtained for the number distribution of GRBs with higher fluxes, the data suggest that only a small fraction of GRBs are sources of high-energy photons.
PERSISTENT C ii ABSORPTION IN THE NORMAL TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA 2002fk

We present well-sampled UBVRIJHK photometry of SN 2002fk starting 12 days before maximum light through 122 days after peak brightness, along with a series of 15 optical spectra from −4 to +95 days since maximum. Our observations show the presence of C ii lines in the early-time spectra of SN 2002fk, expanding at 11,000 km s−1 and persisting until 8 days past maximum light with a velocity of ∼9000 km s−1. SN 2002fk is characterized by a small velocity gradient of km s−1 day−1, possibly caused by an off-center explosion with the ignition region oriented toward the observer. The connection between the viewing angle of an off-center explosion and the presence of C ii in the early-time spectrum suggests that the observation of C ii could be also due to a viewing angle effect. Adopting the Cepheid distance to NGC 1309 we provide the first H0 value based on near-infrared (near-IR) measurements of a Type Ia supernova (SN) between 63.0 ± 0.8 (±3.4 systematic) and 66.7 ± 1.0 (±3.5 systematic) km s−1 Mpc−1, depending on the absolute magnitude/decline rate relationship adopted. It appears that the near-IR yields somewhat lower (6%–9%) H0 values than the optical. It is essential to further examine this issue by (1) expanding the sample of high-quality near-IR light curves of SNe in the Hubble flow, and (2) increasing the number of nearby SNe with near-IR SN light curves and precise Cepheid distances, which affords the promise to deliver a more precise determination of H0.
Optimal control of entangling operations for trapped-ion quantum computing

Optimal control techniques are applied for the decomposition of unitary quantum operations into a sequence of single-qubit gates and entangling operations. To this end, we modify a gradient-ascent algorithm developed for systems of coupled nuclear spins in molecules to make it suitable for trapped-ion quantum computing. We decompose unitary operations into entangling gates that are based on a nonlinear collective spin operator and complemented by global spin flip and local light shift gates. Among others, we provide explicit decompositions of controlled-NOT and Toffoli gates, and a simple quantum error correction protocol.
Role of Atropine in the control of Myopia Progression- A Review

studies has a remarkable impact; myopia management, particularly in children, is becoming a part of routine ophthalmic practice. In this review, we discuss the pharmacological intervention for myopia control in the context of evolving research and development in this area. In this review, we discuss the pharmacological intervention using atropine for myopia control in the context of evolving research and development in this area.
Implementing a Perinatal Depression Screening in Clinical Routine: Exploring the Patientʼs Perspective

Abstract Introduction Perinatal depression (PND) is a frequently observed mental disorder, showing a prevalence of up to 20% and resulting in unfavorable maternal and neonatal outcomes. Targeted screening for PND offers the potential to identify and treat undiagnosed cases and help prevent its deleterious consequences. The aim of the present study was to evaluate participantsʼ personal attitudes and acceptance of a routine screening program for PND in pregnancy care, identify any potential underlying factors, and appraise the general perspective on perinatal mental health problems. Methods In total, 732 women in their second trimester of pregnancy took part in a PND screening program that was incorporated in routine prenatal care using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and completed a web-based survey on screening acceptance. Results Participants viewed PND screening as useful (78.7%, n = 555/705), especially in terms of devoting attention to perinatal mental health problems (90.1%, n = 630/699), easy to complete (85.4%, n = 606/710), and without feelings of discomfort (88.3%, n = 628/711). Furthermore, women with previous or current mental health issues rated the usefulness of screening significantly higher, as did women with obstetric risks (p < 0.01 – p = 0.04). The final regression model explained 48.4% of the variance for screening acceptance. Conclusion Patient acceptance for PND screening was high in our study cohort, supporting the implementation of screening programs in routine pregnancy care with the potential to identify, sensitize, and treat undiagnosed patients to reduce stigmatization and offer access to tailored dedicated PND care programs.
Insights into the heavy dense QCD phase diagram using Complex Langevin simulations

Gert Aarts1, Felipe Attanasio1,2, Benjamin Jager∗1, Erhard Seiler3, Denes Sexty4, Ion-Olimpiu Stamatescu5. 1Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK 2CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia, Brazil 3Max-Planck-Institut fur Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), Munchen, Germany 4Department of Physics, Bergische Universitat Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany 5Institut fur Theoretische Physik, Universitat Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany E-mail: B.Jaeger@swansea.ac. uk
Particle acceleration and radiation friction effects in the filamentation instability of pair plasmas

The evolution of the filamentation instability produced by two counter-streaming pair plasmas is studied with particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations in both one (1D) and two (2D) spatial dimensions. Radiation friction effects on particles are taken into account. After an exponential growth of both the magnetic field and the current density, a nonlinear quasi-stationary phase sets up characterized by filaments of opposite currents. During the nonlinear stage, a strong broadening of the particle energy spectrum occurs accompanied by the formation of a peak at twice their initial energy. A simple theory of the peak formation is presented. The presence of radiative losses does not change the dynamics of the instability but affects the structure of the particle spectra.
Lower limits of line resistance in nanocrystalline back end of line Cu interconnects

The strong non-linear increase in the Cu interconnect line resistance with decreasing linewidth presents a significant obstacle to their continued downscaling. In this letter we use the first principles density functional theory based electronic structure of Cu interconnects to find the lower limits of their line resistance for metal linewidths corresponding to future technology nodes. We find that even in the absence of scattering due to grain boundaries, edge roughness or interfaces, quantum confinement causes a severe increase in the line resistance of Cu. We also find that when the simplest scattering mechanism in the grain boundary scattering dominated limit is added to otherwise coherent electronic transmission in monocrystalline nanowires, the lower limit of line resistance is significantly higher than projected roadmap requirements in the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors.
Impact evaluation of nurse staffing policy reform in Korea: A quasi‐experimental study

Abstract Aim This study aims to evaluate the new nursing policy's effect on improving overall nurse staffing levels in Korean acute care hospitals. Background The Korean government introduced the Integrated Nursing and Care Service policy, which adopted advanced staffing standards. Under the new scheme, reimbursement of nursing fees was differentiated by the patient‐to‐nurse ratios, and financial incentives were provided to policy participating hospitals to promote additional employment in overall hospitals. Methods We analysed 1362 acute care hospitals. The probability and degree of improving nurse staffing levels for each hospital were examined using a two‐part model. Whether policy participation had affected to improve nurse staffing levels was evaluated by the difference‐in‐difference approach. Results Policy participating hospitals were 3.89 times more likely to enhance nurse staffing levels compared to non‐participating hospitals. The policy participation effect was found to improve average nurse staffing levels by 1.12 grades. Conclusion Korean nurse staffing policy reform was successful to encourage hospitals to improve their overall nurse staffing levels. Implication for Nursing Management Nursing leaders and policymakers should understand that providing incentives could affect hospitals' employment behaviour change under the market‐oriented healthcare system. For developing future nursing policies, these strategies should be considered appropriately.