Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
No longer believing in belonging Niemelä

Relationship to national churches in the Nordic countries has often been described as “believing in belonging”. Based on a longitudinal survey data, I argue in this article that this notion does not apply anymore to the young generation, often referred as Generation Y. Therefore, they are highly challenging traditional reasons for belonging to national churches. The number of church-leavers has been unusually high in Finland since the beginning of 21st century, a vast majority of them young adults. The same young adults were confirmed in the church only a few years earlier. This study aims to give understanding to the high number of young people who leave the Church soon after confirmation. The study shows that for Generation Y, the church-leaving process is linked to beliefs and values. They do not leave the church because they are disappointed with it, but because they do not find it to be in line with their own beliefs. The tradition and culture are not enough to keep them as members. KEYWORD: Generation Y, religious change, church membership, confirmation work
Characterization of the pitch canker fungus, Fusarium circinatum, from Chile

Fusarium circinatum is the causal agent of the pine disease commonly referred to as pitch canker. During 2001, a Fusarium species was isolated from dying Pinus radiata clonal hedges in various forestry nurseries in Chile and was subsequently identified as F. circinatum. The aim of the study reported here was to provide a detailed characterization of Chilean isolates of the fungus. Morphological characters included microconidia carried on false heads and produced on polyphialides. Sterile coils and conidiophores on erect aerial mycelium were evident on synthetic, low nutrient agar. Furthermore, perithecia exuding viable ascospores were produced when isolates were crossed in all possible combinations with the mating tester strains representing the H mating population of Gibberella fujikuroi species complex. PCR-RFLP analysis of the histone H3 gene region, routinely used to distinguish between members of the G. fujikuroi complex, further confirmed the identification of the isolates as F. circinatum. DNA sequence data obtained for the same gene region placed the isolates within a well-characterized G. circinata clade. These studies provide unequivocal evidence that the pitch canker pathogen is well established on pines in Chilean nurseries.
Investigation of salt plugs intrusion into Dehnow anticline using image processing and geophysical magnetotelluric methods

This paper attempts to consider the results of a magnetotelluric (MT) geophysical survey and the applicability of image processing method on the TM images of the anticline. The color pixels related to the salt zones have been separated from the other zones from the land surface using image processing method incorporating k-means clustering approach as one of the simplest unsupervised learning algorithms. Field investigations, geological study and the results obtained from the MT survey together with the image processing method identied three salt zones in the study area. These salt zones match well with a decrease in the resistivity of MT data. The application of the proposed method as one of the articial intelligence technique can be properly used as a cost eective method to identify salt zones from the other areas and preparing a probability map in a regional scale in petroleum exploration. KEYWORDS: Magnetotelluric; Dehnow anticline; salt plug; image processing; color pixels; cluster.
Invariant Frechet algebras on bounded symmetric domains

Let D be a bounded domain in the complex vector space Cn . We say that D is symmetric iff, given any two points p, q ∈ D, there is a biholomorphism &phis;, which interchanges p and q. These domains were classified abstractly by Elie Cartan in his general study of symmetric spaces, and were canonically realized in Cn by Harish-Chandra. They include polydisks and Siegel domains. Let D be a bounded symmetric domain in Cn , and G be the largest connected group of biholomorphic automorphisms of D. The algebra C( D) of all continuous (not necessarily bounded) complex-valued functions on D with compact-open topology is a Frechet algebra. A closed subalgebra of C(D) is called an invariant algebra if it is closed under compositions with elements of G. We prove that if D is irreducible, then there are only three invariant algebras with identity with maximal ideal space D : C(D), the set of all holomorphic functions H(D) and the set of all antiholomorphic functions H ̄(D). This result partially generalizes the Rudin's classification of invariant algebras on unit ball in Cn . For the general symmetric bounded domain D we prove that the only invariant algebras are tensor products of invariant algebras on irreducible factors of D.
PR ] 4 D ec 2 01 5 Concentration of information content for convex measures

We obtain sharp exponential deviation estimates of the information content as well as a sharp bound on the varentropy for convex measures, extending the development for log-concave measures in recent work of Fradelizi, Madiman and Wang (2015). Note: This document is not intended for submission to a journal in its current form. It will form one part of a larger paper [1] (which is in preparation), and is being made available separately for quicker accessibility for those interested.
An investigation into predator-prey systems

This paper looked at how to obtain quantitative information about the behaviour of Predator-Prey models using analytical methods, we look at how to solve the Lotka-Volterra model analytically, analysed the stability and behaviour of the critical points of a bounded Lotka-Volterra model and the Holling-Tanner model and how to look for Hopf bifurcation and limit cycles in the Holling-Tanner model. We have also compared a variety of numerical methods used to solve the predator-prey models. It has also used these results to validate our ﬁndings from our analytical analysis.
Neurobiological markers for personality, inflammation, and stress A naturalistic study in knee arthroplastic patients

Background: Psychiatry has strived to identify biomarkers elucidating the underlying biological mechanisms behind different disorders, to help in diagnostics and to assess treatment effects. In forensic psychiatric populations, findings have connected levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) monoamine metabolites and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity with impulsivity and aggression. Other biomarkers, like insulin, inflammatory mediators, and different markers for neuronal and astroglial integrity have been studied in connection with cognition and psychiatric disorders but to a lesser degree in relationship to personality traits. Aim: The overall aims were to establish links between CSF markers for monoamine activity, BBB integrity, hormones, inflammation and neuronal and astroglial integrity, and aggressive and impulsive personality traits in a group of persons without psychiatric disorders, and to describe the distribution and dynamics of new biomarkers. Methods: Serum and CSF samples were collected before, three hours after, and on the morning following arthroplastic knee surgery in 35 patients who had completed two personality questionnaires, the Temperament and Character Inventory and the Karolinska Scales of Personality. Results: The CSF Homovanillic Acid/5-hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ratio correlated negatively with Cooperativeness. Beta-trace protein, as a marker of BBB dysfunction, correlated positively with Monotony Avoidance and Impulsiveness. Positive correlations were observed between CSF interleukin (IL)-10 and Verbal Aggression and between Self-Directedness, serum IL-10, and interferon-γ. CSF IL-10 correlated negatively with Inhibited Aggression, and CSF cortisol with Novelty Seeking. No correlations were detected between aggressive and impulsive personality traits and CSF levels of insulin, thyroid hormone, astroglial or neuronal integrity markers, or CSF/serum albumin ratio. Levels of CSF cytokines were markedly increased during and after the intervention compared to serum. Insulin levels in the brain seemed to be regulated differently from in the periphery, and modest increases in total-Tau were observed during surgery. Conclusion: Some aggressive and impulsive personality traits in non-disordered persons co-vary with various CSF biomarkers indicating lack of serotonergic control over dopamine signaling, decreased BBB integrity and inflammation.
Recent Intensified Winter Coldness in the Mid-High Latitudes of Eurasia and Its Relationship with Daily Extreme Low Temperature Variability

Observational records in recent decades show a large-scale decrease in the cold-season temperature variance in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes under continuous global warming. However, severe low temperature events in winter frequently occurred in midlatitude Eurasia (MEA) in the last decade. Here, we define a new coldness intensity (CI) index for the near-surface based on the amplitude of daily anomalously cold temperatures in winter to demonstrate the CI of the variability of low temperature extremes. The results show that a sign-consistent mode dominates the CI variation in MEA, with a marked intensification during the last decade via empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. This leading mode is significantly related to the frequency of winter extreme events. The associated circulations are characterized by a remarkable anomalous anticyclone in Northwest Eurasia, which induced substantial cold advection in MEA. The widespread intensified CI in MEA is closely linked with strong surface anticyclones and synoptic blocking in the mid-high latitudes (25°E–85°E). Coincidently, positive phase shifts of the first two leading modes of the extratropical circulation, which feature similar blocking-like anomalies in the northwestern Eurasian subarctic, jointly play an important role in the recent frequency of severe winters.
Increasing engagement during robot-aided motor rehabilitation using augmented feedback exercices

Motor functions are essential for socio-ecological participation. Impairments, resulting from spinal cord injuries, stroke or other cerebrovascular diseases, influence a persons’ independence and, thus, require restoration, through rehabilitation. Due to the demanding implications of conventional therapy approaches, robotic interventions have become increasingly accepted. However, despite all their advantages, robotic assistance can reduce patient engagement during training. The primary cause for this effect can be attributed to the passive guidance that the robot provides, preserving desired movement kinematics and reducing actual movement errors. The absence of errors eventually leads to a reduction of effort, which can influence the overall effectiveness of the therapy. Patient engagement can be defined as a construct that is driven by motivation and executed through active, effortful participation during therapy. It is a multidimensional construct that contains cognitive, physical and emotional components. Cognitive engagement may be influenced by a person’s cognitive abilities in relation to task specific characteristics, like for example, the level of difficulty. Physical engagement may be influenced by physiological impairments. The emotional component of engagement mostly depends on the psychological state of the patient, being influenced by, for example, preferences, expectations or satisfaction. In order to increase patient engagement, modern therapy approaches deploy “gamelike” augmented feedback exercises, making use of virtual reality technology, to create multi-sensory, virtual therapy scenarios. Most exercises, however, are not properly verified regarding their effectiveness. In addition, although some studies did propose design characteristics that augmented feedback exercises should inherit to optimally
Categorization of first-year university students' interpretations of numerical linear distance-time graphs

We have investigated the various approaches taken by first-year university students (n approximate to 550) when asked to determine the direction of motion, the constancy of speed, and a numerical value of the speed of an object at a point on a numerical linear distance-time graph. We investigated the prevalence of various well-known general graphing difficulties, such as graph-as-picture errors and slope-height confusion. We established that two-thirds of our students could determine the direction of motion with respect to a reference point, just under 80% could determine that the speed is constant, and just under 20% of our students could correctly determine the value of the speed; in the latter case, about half of the students divided the two coordinates. Three stable categories of correctly explaining the constancy of speed emerged from the data. We found that the reason given for determining that the speed of the object was constant did not correlate with successfully determining a value for the speed. We have established that technical difficulties such as determining the slope of any linear graph did not explain the poor performance. By comparing the answers to similar questions on water level versus time graphs, we were able to establish that context dependence and incorrect prior learning are likely to play a role. Post-test data are used to confirm the validity of the categorization and support the conclusion that being able to determine the slope of a y, x graph and having a correct qualitative understanding of a distance-time graph is not sufficient to correctly determine a value for the speed. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevSTPER.9. 010107
Labr3:Ce scintillators for gamma ray spectroscopy

In this paper, we report on a relatively new scintillator -LaBr3 for gamma ray spectroscopy. Crystals of this scintillator have beengrown using Bridgman process. This material when doped with cerium hashigh light output (~;60,000 photons/MeV) and fast principal decayconstant (less than 25 ns). Furthermore, it shows excellent energyresolution for gamma-ray detection. Energy resolution of 3.2 percent(FWHM) has been achieved for 662 keV photons (137Cs source) at roomtemperature. High timing resolution (260 ps - FWHM) has been recordedwith LaBr3-PMT and BaF2-PMT detectors operating in coincidence mode using511 keV positron annihilation gamma-ray pairs. Details of itsscintillation properties, and variation of these properties with changingcerium concentration are reported. Potential applications of thismaterial are also addressed.
Inheritance of Resistance to Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei) in Barley

Two barley (Hordeun vulgare L.) genotypes, Radical and Cwb, with good to moderate levels of resistance to powdery mildew were crossed with a highly susceptible cultivar (Afzal) to determine the genetics of resistance. The parents, Fl, F2 and F3 generations of each of the two crosses, were evaluated for powdery mildew resistance in the glasshouse and field at the College of Agriculture in Karaj during 2000. The x 2 analysis of the segregating ratios in the F3 generations indicate d that the resistance was controlled by one gene at seedling stage and by two or three genes at adult plant stage in Cwb and Radical, respectively. Radical showed a higher level of resistance than the Cwb, therefore, it is a better source of resistance to powdery mildew.
Hα surface photometry of galaxies in nearby clusters. V. The survey completion

We present the Halpha imaging observations of 273 late-type galaxies in the nearby rich galaxy clusters Virgo, A1367, Coma, Cancer, Hercules and in the Great Wall, carried out primarily with the 2.1m telescope of the San Pedro Martir Observatory (SPM) and with the ESO/3.6m telescope. We derived the Halpha+[NII] fluxes and equivalent widths. The Halpha survey reached completion for an optically selected sample of nearby galaxies in and outside rich clusters. Taking advantage of the completeness of the data set, the dependence of Halpha properties on the Hubble type was determined for late-type galaxies in the Virgo cluster. Differences in the gaseous content partly account for the large scatter of the Halpha E.W. within each Hubble-type class. We studied the radial distributions of the Halpha E.W. around Coma+A1367 and the Virgo clusters in two luminosity bins. Luminous galaxies show a decrease in their average Halpha E.W. in the inner 1 virial radius, while low-luminosity galaxies do not show this trend.
Comparative reliability analysis of selected joints for case furniture

Specific reliability parameters are used to determine the durability and safety of a furniture structure. An experimental study was conducted to determine the probability of failure free time and compare the reliability and hazard rates of selected joints used in case furniture. The investigations were performed on samples of joints with a connector of the screw, dowel, or eccentric type. Altogether, 600 samples were tested. The reliability tests were conducted on a specially designed laboratory stand. The reliability characteristics of the individual joints were used to designate the most reliable type of joint. The hazard rate of the dowel joint was about 8 times that of the confirmat screw joint. In the case of the eccentric joint, the hazard rate was as much as 57 times higher than it was for the screw joint. The test method presented here for determining the reliability of joints aid in the selection of a connector type during case furniture design.
Numerical Implementation of Spatial Elastoplastic Damage Model of Concrete in the Framework of Isogeometric Analysis Approach

This paper is a study of the numerical implementation of the spatial elastoplastic damage model of concrete by isogeometric analysis (IGA) method from three perspectives: the geometric modeling and the numerical formulation via IGA method, the constitutive model of concrete, and the solution algorithms for the local and global problems. The plasticity of concrete is considered on the basis of a nonassociated flow rule, where a three-parameter Barcelona yield surface and a modified Drucker-Prager plastic potential are used. The damage evolution of concrete driven by the internal variables is expressed by a piecewise function. In the study, the return-mapping algorithm and the substepping strategy are used for stress updating, and a new dissipation-based arc-length method with constraint path that considers the combined contribution of plasticity and damage to the energy dissipation is employed to trace the equilibrium path. After comparisons between simulation results and experimental data, the use of the elastoplastic damage model in the framework of IGA approach is proven to be practical in reflecting material properties of concrete.
Biodecaffeination by Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes TPS8, an Isolated Strain from Tea Plantation Soil

Development of an environmental friendly and cost-effective process for microbial degradation of caffeine to non-toxic compounds are promising to solve the problems of physiochemical extraction of caffeine in the treatment the caffeine containing agro-industrial effluents. Thirteen bacterial strains, isolated from tea plantation soils in the north region of Iran, were screened to show their abilities in using caffeine as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. The intrinsic tolerance of the isolated strains to the caffeine substrate was measured in a defined and complex medium by using the agar dilution method. Based on the tolerance efficiency, isolate TPS8 which showed maximum tolerance to caffeine was selected and identified as Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes strain TPS8 (GenBank accession number KF414528) according to the cultural and physiochemical characteristics and also 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Growing cells of P. pseudoalcaligenes TPS8 were used for the biodecaffeination experiments. The maximum removal of caffeine (80.2%) was reached after a 72 h incubation using 2.5 g/l of caffeine substrate without further optimization. Our results show that growing cells of P. pseudoalcaligenease TPS8 can thus be efficiently used as a simple and cheap process for preparative decaffeination from agro-industrial effluents. The present survey is the first report on biodecaffeination using Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes.
ANNOTATING FEATURES EXTRACTED THROUGH LATENT DIRICHLET ALLOCATION FOR FEATURE BASED OPINION MINING

Online product reviews contains opinions about products and their features. These product reviews are plain text and therefore analysis of these reviews requires more efforts. In this paper, we tackle the problem of features based opinion mining of product reviews using LDA topic model and proposed annotation algorithm. We proposed an architecture for feature based opinion mining based on topic models and an algorithm that automatically annotates features extracted through LDA topic model. The experimental result shows that the algorithm gives average feature annotation accuracy 77.14%, average positive polarity annotation accuracy 86.02% and average negative polarity annotation accuracy 88.57%. The algorithm can be used with different topics models as well.
Identifying the lights position in photometric stereo under unknown lighting

Reconstructing the 3D shape of an object from a set of images is a classical problem in Computer Vision. Photometric stereo is one of the possible approaches. It stands on the assumption that the object is observed from a fixed point of view under different lighting conditions. The traditional approach requires that the position of the light sources is accurately known. It has been proved that the lights position can be estimated directly from the data when at least 6 images of the observed object are available. In this paper, we present a Matlab implementation of the algorithm for solving the photometric stereo problem under unknown lighting, and propose a simple shooting technique to solve the bas-relief ambiguity.
Source areas of the Acapulco-San Marcos, Mexico earthquakes of 1962 (M 7.1; 7.0) and 1957 (M 7.7), as constrained by tsunami and uplift records

A reliable location of the rupture areas for the earthquake doublet of 11 May 1962 (M 7.1) and 19 May, 1962 (M 7.0), and the earthquake of 1957 (M 7.8) in the Acapulco-San Marcos region is essential for the assessment of the width and location of the strongly-coupled patch along the plate interface and for the evaluation of possible rupture scenarios of future earthquakes in the Guerrero seismic gap. We analyze tsunamis recorded by tide gauges at Acapulco and Salina Cruz. A re-examination of the Acapulco record shows permanent uplifts of 15±3 cm and 7±3 cm during the 11 May and 19 May 1962 earthquakes, respectively. No detectable permanent uplift was found for the 28 July 1957 event. To model the tsunami records we select appropriate focal mechanisms, initial rupture dimensions (L and W), and average dislocations on the fault. By trial and error, we optimize the dimension and location of the rupture area so that the synthetic tsunami fits the residual tsunami waveform. In the case of the 1962 events, the predicted uplift is fitted to the observed uplift. The surface projection of the rupture areas of 11 and 19 May 1962 earthquakes mostly lies onshore, NW and SE from Acapulco, respectively. The estimated uncertainty in the rupture length and its offshore extension is about 5 km. For the 1957 earthquake we model the tsunami at Acapulco as well as at Salina Cruz. The results suggest that NW limit of the 1957 rupture area was 30(±5) km SE of Acapulco and L = 90(±20) km. The offshore extension of the rupture was less than ~10 km.