Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Anti-Inflammatory and Liver Function using Heat-Treated Cabbage

The cabbage extract of the research does not show cytotoxicity, and thus can be used safely. In an experiment performed on an animal model with liver injury induced by a drug (APAP), it could be seen that the cabbage extract exhibited the effects of protecting liver and improving liver function by effectively reducing AST and ALT which are liver injury markers, indicating that the cabbage extract is effective as a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating liver disease. In particular, the cabbage extract was effective in treating inflammation of the liver by reducing the expression of the inflammatory mediators iNOS and COX-2 and the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, which are involved in acute inflammatory reactions accompanying liver injury. In the research, an extract of cabbage heat-treated at a temperature of 100 to 150°C had a better liver function-improving effect or anti-inflammatory effect than an extract of raw cabbage.
PENGARUH GINI RATIO, PDRB PERKAPITA DAN TINGKAT INFLASI TERHADAP TINGKAT KEMISKINAN DI PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA

Poverty is a living condition that is in shortage experienced by a person or household so as not being able to meet the minimal or decent needs for his life. And poverty is a social problem that is always present in the midst of society. In this research discusses the influence of Gini Ratio, Per Capita GDP and Inflation Rate to Poverty Level in North Sumatera Province. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of Gini Ratio, PDRB / Kapita and Inflation rate to poverty level in North Sumatera province, partially and simultaneously, and the dominant influence variable to poverty level in North Sumatera Province. Sources of data used are secondary data taken from the Central Bureau of Statistics and Bank of Indonesia from 2001 to 2016.Teknik analysis used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis using e-views program 8.1 and perform testing classical assumptions and using hypothesis testing simultaneously (F) and partial (t). The results showed that partially Gini Ratio and PDRB / Kapita have negative and significant effect to poverty level in North Sumatera Province while inflation rate have positive and insignificant effect to poverty level in North Sumatera Province simultaneously Gini Ratio, PDRB Perkapita and inflation rate have significant effect of poverty level in North Sumatera Province.
Case Managers Views on the Role of Respiratory Therapists in Discharge Planning

The purpose of this study was to explore the views of case managers (CMs) regarding the involvement of the respiratory therapists (RTs) in discharge planning for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the potential impact the RTs might have on reducing readmissions rates for the patient with COPD. The problem is that the RTs are excluded from the discharge planning teams. The 12 CMs, from nine different states, interviewed for this study possessed at least 1 years of experience in discharge planning of patients with COPD from acute care hospitals. Case managers are the discharge coordinators who initiate the discharge planning immediately upon the patient’s admission to the hospital and are an integral part of the multidisciplinary team that cares for the patient. They connect the patient, family, and caregivers with the appropriate resources based on the plan of care for the patient upon discharge to ensure seamless transition. Since the passage of the Affordable Care Act in 2010, their responsibilities increased because of the need to prevent patient readmission within 30 days postdischarge (Shah et al., 2016). In 2014, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) added patients with COPD to the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program (HRRP), which was established in 2012 for patients with the pneumonia, acute myocardial infarction, and heart failure diagnosis (CMS, 2015). The goal of the HRRP was to reduce 30-day readmission rates in this patient population.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Validation Studies Performed on Dietary Record Apps

ABSTRACT Mobile dietary record apps have been increasingly validated by studies with various study designs. This review aims to evaluate the overall accuracy of dietary record apps in measuring the intake of energy, macro- and micronutrients, and food groups in real-life settings and the designs of validation studies. We systematically searched mobile dietary record validation studies published during the period from 2013 to 2019. We identified 14 studies for the systematic review, of which 11 studies were suitable for meta-analyses on energy intake and 8 studies on macronutrient intake. Mean differences and SDs of nutrient estimations between the app and the reference method from studies were pooled using a random-effects model. All apps underestimated energy intake when compared with their reference methods, with a pooled effect of −202 kcal/d (95% CI: −319, −85 kcal/d); the heterogeneity of studies was 72%. After stratification, studies that used the same food-composition table for both the app and the reference method had a lower level of heterogeneity (0%) and a pooled effect of −57 kcal/d (95% CI: −116, 2 kcal/d). The heterogeneity of studies in the differences in carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake was 54%, 73%, and 80%, with the pooled effect of −18.8 g/d, −12.7 g/d, and −12.2 g/d, respectively, after excluding outliers. The intakes of micronutrients and food groups were statistically nonsignificantly underestimated by the apps in most cases. In conclusion, dietary record apps underestimated food consumption compared with traditional dietary assessment methods. Moreover, varying study designs have been found across studies. Recommended practices for conducting validation studies were formulated including considering biomarkers as the reference, testing in a larger and more representative study population for a longer period, avoiding the learning effect of each method, and comparing food group or food item consumption in addition to comparing energy and nutrient intakes.
[Predictors of hospitalization plus airway support among infants with recurrent wheezing in the emergency department].

OBJECTIVE Most patients with recurrent wheezing are infants under 2 years of age. Clinical prediction models of the risk of receiving airway support during the hospital stay in this population have been poorly studied in tropical countries. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical predictors of hospitalization plus airway support among infants with recurrent wheezing evaluated in the emergency department in Colombia. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed. This study included all infants with two or more wheezing episodes who were younger than two years old in two tertiary centers in Rionegro, Colombia, between January 2019 and December 2019. The primary outcome measure was hospitalization plus any airway support. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify factors independently associated with hospitalization plus any airway support. RESULTS A total of 85 infants were hospitalized plus any airway support, of whom 34(40%) were treated with high flow nasal canula, 2(2%) received non-invasive ventilation, 6(7%) were mechanically ventilated, and 43 (51%) received conventional oxygen therapy. The multivariable logistic regression model showed that predictors of hospitalization plus airway support included prematurity (OR=1.79, 95%CI: 1.04-3.10), poor feeding (OR=2.22, 95%CI: 1.25-3.94), nasal flaring and/or grunting (OR=4.27, 95%CI: 2.41-7.56), and previous wheezing episodes requiring hospitalization (OR=3.36, 95%CI: 1.86-7.08). The model has a high specificity (99.6%) with acceptable discrimination and an area under the curve of 0.70(95%CI: 0.60-0.74). CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that prematurity, poor feeding, nasal flaring and/or grunting, and more than one previous episode of wheezing requiring hospitalization are independent predictors of hospitalization plus airway support in a population of infants with recurrent wheezing in the emergency department. More evidence must be collected to examine the results in other tropical countries.
Non-Indigenous Canadians’ and Americans’ moral expectations of Indigenous peoples in light of the negative impacts of the Indian Residential Schools

The historical trauma associated with the Indian Residential School (IRS) system was recently brought to the awareness of the Canadian public. Two studies investigated how the salience of this collective victimization impacted non-Indigenous Canadians’ expectations that Indigenous peoples ought to derive psychological benefits (e.g., learned to appreciate life) and be morally obligated to help others. Study 1 found that modern racism was related to perceptions that Indigenous peoples psychologically benefitted from the IRS experience, which in turn, predicted greater expectations of moral obligation. Study 2 replicated the relations among racism, benefit finding, and moral obligation among non-Indigenous Canadians (historical perpetrators of the harm done) and Americans (third-party observers). Americans were uniquely responsive to a portrayal of Indigenous peoples in Canada as strong versus vulnerable. Factors that distance observers from the victim (such as racism or third-party status) appear to influence perceptions of finding benefit in victimization experiences and expectations of moral obligation.
Flexoelectricity in soft elastomers and the molecular mechanisms underpinning the design and emergence of giant flexoelectricity

Significance The molecular-scale phenomena that lead to the emergence of the flexoelectric effect in elastomers are not well understood. We present a molecular-to-continuum scale theory and show it to be valid for common types of elastomers. We unravel a mechanism for achieving giant flexoelectricity—which finds support in prior experimental results. The multiscale theory is then leveraged for material design and we propose specific modalities for 1) the emergence of piezoelectricity, 2) tuning the direction of flexoelectricity, and 3) flexoelectricity which is invariant with respect to spurious deformations. These developments may pave the way for the future development of efficient soft energy harvesters, sensors, and actuators, and may prove useful for high-degree-of-freedom soft robots and artificial muscles. Soft robotics requires materials that are capable of large deformation and amenable to actuation with external stimuli such as electric fields. Energy harvesting, biomedical devices, flexible electronics, and sensors are some other applications enabled by electroactive soft materials. The phenomenon of flexoelectricity is an enticing alternative that refers to the development of electric polarization in dielectrics when subjected to strain gradients. In particular, flexoelectricity offers a direct linear coupling between a highly desirable deformation mode (flexure) and electric stimulus. Unfortunately, barring some exceptions, the flexoelectric effect is quite weak and rather substantial bending curvatures are required for an appreciable electromechanical response. Most experiments in the literature appear to confirm modest flexoelectricity in polymers although perplexingly, a singular work has measured a “giant” effect in elastomers under some specific conditions. Due to the lack of an understanding of the microscopic underpinnings of flexoelectricity in elastomers and a commensurate theory, it is not currently possible to either explain the contradictory experimental results on elastomers or pursue avenues for possible design of large flexoelectricity. In this work, we present a statistical-mechanics theory for the emergent flexoelectricity of elastomers consisting of polar monomers. The theory is shown to be valid in broad generality and leads to key insights regarding both giant flexoelectricity and material design. In particular, the theory shows that, in standard elastomer networks, combining stretching and bending is a mechanism for obtaining giant flexoelectricity, which also explains the aforementioned, surprising experimental discovery.
Field and Laboratory Testing of Feeding Stimulants to Enhance Insecticide Efficacy Against Spotted-Wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura)

Abstract The invasive spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), is a key insect pest of berries globally, causing lost revenues and increased production costs associated with applications of insecticides.The insecticides utilized are commonly broad-spectrum pyrethroids, organophosphates, or carbamates in conventionally managed fields and spinosad in organically managed fields. Adoption of more selective insecticides has been limited due to their lower residual activity, and the requirement that some must be ingested to be effective. We investigated the use of feeding stimulants for D. suzukii as a method to improve longevity and efficacy in a range of insecticides. In laboratory bioassays, sugar increased the efficacy of all chemical classes tested; however, the inclusion of yeast only showed a benefit with malathion. Feeding stimulants had a limited effect in some cases under field conditions. Similarly, infestation in field plots and a semifield bioassay showed no significant decreases in infestation with the inclusion of feeding stimulants for the insecticides tested in these trials. We discuss the implications of these findings for managing D. suzukii in fruit crops to help ensure the harvest of marketable fruit.
KEA3: improved kinase enrichment analysis via data integration

Abstract Phosphoproteomics and proteomics experiments capture a global snapshot of the cellular signaling network, but these methods do not directly measure kinase state. Kinase Enrichment Analysis 3 (KEA3) is a webserver application that infers overrepresentation of upstream kinases whose putative substrates are in a user-inputted list of proteins. KEA3 can be applied to analyze data from phosphoproteomics and proteomics studies to predict the upstream kinases responsible for observed differential phosphorylations. The KEA3 background database contains measured and predicted kinase-substrate interactions (KSI), kinase-protein interactions (KPI), and interactions supported by co-expression and co-occurrence data. To benchmark the performance of KEA3, we examined whether KEA3 can predict the perturbed kinase from single-kinase perturbation followed by gene expression experiments, and phosphoproteomics data collected from kinase-targeting small molecules. We show that integrating KSIs and KPIs across data sources to produce a composite ranking improves the recovery of the expected kinase. The KEA3 webserver is available at https://maayanlab.cloud/kea3.
Identification of docetaxel‐related biomarkers for prostate cancer

Prostate cancer (PCa) which was the second commonly diagnosed malignancy, contributed to the top fifth carcinoma death in men. Nevertheless, the main chemotherapeutic agent docetaxel came to failure due to chemoresistance. Recently, increasing evidence suggested the importance of tumour microenvironment (TME) in PCa. The present study aimed to explore the specific TME in PCa and find biomarkers related to both immune infiltration and docetaxel. The docetaxel‐specific genes and differential expression genes comparing PCa with normal control samples were derived using DESeq2 and zinbwave with GSE140440, TCGA and GTEx datasets. Immune‐infiltration‐related genes were identified using CIBERSORT and co‐expression network analysis. Key genes related to both docetaxel and immune infiltrating in PCa, including nine genes, namely ZNF486, IFI6, TMOD2, HSPA4L, ITPR1, LRRC37A7P, APOC1, APOBEC3G, and ITGA2, were determined by overlapping above three gene sets. ITGA2 was then defined as the hub gene for its significant prognostic implications. Further validations conducted on Oncomine, GEO, TISIDB, MSigDB, and The Human Protein Atlas confirmed the docetaxel‐specific and immune infiltrating characteristics of ITGA2. To sum up, our findings could provide a better understanding of immune infiltrating and docetaxel‐resistance in PCa, mostly, ITGA2 could serve as potential prognosis biomarkers and targets for the combination of docetaxel.
Phase, microstructure and service character of as-deposited and short-time heat-treated Ni-Mo alloys with mixed state

Considering the amorphous and nano-crystalline cluster structure and their activity, on the basis of the mixed structure Ni-Mo alloys, the crystallization kinetics of the alloys and the performance of the alloys after heat treatment with different mixed structure were studied. The phase structure and composition were determined by X-ray powder diffraction. The crystallization activation energy of the mixed structure was obtained by differential scanning calorimetry. The electrochemical activity of the mixed structure alloy was determined by electrochemical analysis. The experimental results show that the structural stability of the mixed-structure alloy is better, but the crystallization activation energy is much lower than that of the amorphous alloy. The crystallization process consists of a meta-stable structure transition and a new phase formation. The electrochemical properties of the alloy indicated that the alloy with the mixed structure has higher electrochemical activity, with higher hardness and better corrosion resistance, which results from the large true contact surface and the large number of active centers in this material structure.
Hydrodynamic shear dissipation and transmission in lipid bilayers

Significance Lipid bilayers constitute the matrix of cellular membranes and synthetic vesicles used in drug delivery. This self-assembled structure is only a few nanometers thick but provides an effective barrier between aqueous fluids. The response of lipid bilayers to shear stresses induced by surrounding fluid flows can trigger biophysical processes in cells and influence the efficacy of drug delivery by synthetic vesicles. Here, we use optical tweezers to apply and measure local hydrodynamic shear stresses on both sides of a freestanding lipid bilayer. With this method, we determine the rheological properties of bilayers and capture a previously unreported phenomenon when the intermonolayer friction is so low that the monolayers slip past each other and hydrodynamic shear is not transmitted through the bilayer. Vital biological processes, such as trafficking, sensing, and motility, are facilitated by cellular lipid membranes, which interact mechanically with surrounding fluids. Such lipid membranes are only a few nanometers thick and composed of a liquid crystalline structure known as the lipid bilayer. Here, we introduce an active, noncontact, two-point microrheology technique combining multiple optical tweezers probes with planar freestanding lipid bilayers accessible on both sides. We use the method to quantify both fluid slip close to the bilayer surface and transmission of fluid flow across the structure, and we use numerical simulations to determine the monolayer viscosity and the intermonolayer friction. We find that these physical properties are highly dependent on the molecular structure of the lipids in the bilayer. We compare ordered-phase with liquid disordered-phase lipid bilayers, and we find the ordered-phase bilayers to be 10 to 100 times more viscous but with 100 times less intermonolayer friction. When a local shear is applied by the optical tweezers, the ultralow intermonolayer friction results in full slip of the two leaflets relative to each other and as a consequence, no shear transmission across the membrane. Our study sheds light on the physical principles governing the transfer of shear forces by and through lipid membranes, which underpin cell behavior and homeostasis.
Nanoparticle-enabled innate immune stimulation activates endogenous tumor-infiltrating T cells with broad antigen specificities

Significance Tumors are often infiltrated by T lymphocytes recognizing either self- or mutated antigens but are generally inactive. Self-specific CD8+ T cells are particular characteristics of tumor types with lower tumor mutation burden and poorer outcomes. Unlike foreign-specific T cells, they have been curiously resistant to stimulation with cognate antigens. We developed an innate immunity-stimulating nanoparticle to activate tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells recognizing both self- and neoantigens in a potent yet safe manner. This resulted in effective tumor growth inhibition or elimination in two murine tumor models and the activation of endogenous T cells in patient-derived tumor organoids across three cancer types. This strategy represents a promising pathway for broadly effective cancer immunotherapy. Tumors are often infiltrated by T lymphocytes recognizing either self- or mutated antigens but are generally inactive, although they often show signs of prior clonal expansion. Hypothesizing that this may be due to peripheral tolerance, we formulated nanoparticles containing innate immune stimulants that we found were sufficient to activate self-specific CD8+ T cells and injected them into two different mouse tumor models, B16F10 and MC38. These nanoparticles robustly activated and/or expanded antigen-specific CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T cells, along with a decrease in regulatory CD4+ T cells and an increase in Interleukin-17 producers, resulting in significant tumor growth retardation or elimination and the establishment of immune memory in surviving mice. Furthermore, nanoparticles with modification of stimulating human T cells enabled the robust activation of endogenous T cells in patient-derived tumor organoids. These results indicate that breaking peripheral tolerance without regard to the antigen specificity creates a promising pathway for cancer immunotherapy.
Bioactive Silver(I) Complexes with Phenolic Derivatives of Thioglycolic and Thiopropionic Acids

Ag(I) complexes formed by polydentate phenolic derivatives of thioglycolic and thiopropionic acids with Ag(I) ions could be a promising field of search for potential chemotherapeutic agents. Convenient synthetic methods to prepare these ligands have been developed on the basis of addition reactions occurring between S-nucleophiles and o- benzoquinones. The results are presented of physicochemical investigation of Ag(I) ions complexation with phenolic ligands, which made it possible to determine ionic and redox ligand forms with high nucleophilicity of metal-ion binding sites, the peculiarities of the structural organization of the coordination cores of the newly synthesized complexes. The in- vestigation of the molecular and electronic structure of Ag(I) complexes has been performed within the density functional theory framework. On the basis of the pharmacological screening results the selection is justified of a lead compound pos- sessing antibacterial, antifungal and antiherpetic activity comparable to those of some standard drugs to develop effective pharmaceuticals for combination therapy of mixed infections. Data have been obtained on the ability of some phenolic de- rivatives of thioglycolic and thiopropionic acids as well as their Ag(I) complexes to reduce bovine cytochrome c.
An integrated modular framework for modeling the effect of ammonium on the sialylation process of monoclonal antibodies produced by CHO cells

Monoclonal antibodies (mABs) have emerged as one of the most important therapeutic recombinant proteins in the pharmaceutical industry. Their immunogenicity and therapeutic efficacy are influenced by post‐translational modifications, specifically the glycosylation process. Bioprocess conditions can influence the intracellular process of glycosylation. Among all the process conditions that have been recognized to affect the mAB glycoforms, the detailed mechanism underlying how ammonium could perturb glycosylation remains to be fully understood. It was shown that ammonium induces heterogeneity in protein glycosylation by altering the sialic acid content of glycoproteins. Hence, understanding this mechanism would aid pharmaceutical manufacturers to ensure consistent protein glycosylation.