Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transactions of the National Pension Service of Korea in the KOSPI200 futures market

It is known that the National Pension Service (NPS) of Korea contributes to the market stability because it tends to pursue the negative feedback trading strategy in the Korean stock market. While many studies deal with institutional investors ’ trading in the ﬁ nancial derivatives market, the NPS ’ s trading in the derivatives market is rarely studied. Using the NPS ’ s trading data for the period from January 2010 to March, 2020, the authors examine the transactions of the NPS in the KOSPI200 futures market. We ﬁ nd that the NPS ’ s net investment ﬂ ow (NIF) in KOSPI200 futures is negatively associated with the past returns of KOSPI200 futures and the KOPI200 index. However, we also ﬁ nd that the NPS ’ s NIF of KOSPI200 futures is positively associated with its NIF in KOSPI200 stocks. Along with the legal restriction on the NPS ’ s trading in the derivatives market, the result suggests that the NPS uses KOSPI200 futures to deviate the problems related to non-synchronous trading in the spot market. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the ﬁ rst study of the NPS ’ s transactions of KOSPI200 futures. The paper suggests that the NPS does not trade KOSPI200 futures forhedgingorarbitragepro ﬁ t butforcomplementing itstransactionsinthespot marketof KOSPI200stocks.
CARBON DIOXIDE FIXATION INTO OXALACETATE IN HIGHER PLANTS1'2

of this "Wood-WVerkman reaction. " It was recognized early that simple addition of CO2 to pyruvate occurred with such an unfavorable free energy change that some device for supplying chemical energy was essential if the reaction was to play a quantitatively important role in intermediary metabolism (7). Three different C02-fixing processes whereby this end can be achieved have been described to date. These are: a) the malic enzyme (or Ochoa) reaction, b) the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (or pepearboxykinase) reaction, and c) the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (or pepearboxylase) reaction. All of these reactions involve the addition of CO2 to a C-3 unit, to form a C-4 dicarboxylic acid; and all three reactions must be combined with some other reaction to give the net result shown in equation (1). The focus of current interest has been partially on the detailed mechanism of these different enzvme reactions, and partially on their physiological interrelationships. Although the "malic" enzyme had been shown to be widely distributed (24), only limited information was available about the distribution of the other enzymes. The work described in the present paper was concerned mainly with the problems of assaying pepearboxylase and pepearboxykinase, and determining their reaction characteristics and distribution in higher plants. The reaction catalyzed by pepearboxykinase, first described by Bandurski and Greiner (3, 4), is shown in equation (2). The pepcarboxykinase reaction was first clearly defined by Utter and Kurahashi (22, 23), who showed that the enzyme from bird liver catalyzed the reaction shown in equation (3).
Towards Raman-Based Screening of Acute Lymphoid Leukemia-Type B (B-ALL) Subtypes

Simple Summary: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric malignancy originating from abnormal lymphoid progenitor cells. Since ALL is genetically highly heterogenous, more sensitive and rapid methods for identifying the molecular subtype of ALL are still being searched, and Raman spectroscopy (RS) has a chance of becoming a valuable tool for this purpose. Herein, the RS was applied to analyze normal B cells and three subtypes of B-ALL, characterized by the presence of the product of gene fusion, i.e., BCR-ABL1, TEL-AML1 , and TCF3-PBX1 . The classiﬁcation and discrimination of normal and neoplastic cells were carried out with the chemometric approach. Normal B cells were characterized mostly by bands assigned to nucleic acids and proteins, whereas three subtypes of ALL appeared to contain a higher lipid content. Spectral differences between particular ALL subtypes were modest. The results lead to the conclusion that RS has the potential as a diagnostic tool in clinical practice. Abstract: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of malignant neoplasms in the pediatric population. B-cell precursor ALLs (BCP-ALLs) are derived from the progenitors of B lymphocytes. Traditionally, risk factors stratifying therapy in ALL patients included age at diagnosis, initial leukocytosis, and the response to chemotherapy. Currently, treatment intensity is modiﬁed according to the presence of speciﬁc gene alterations in the leukemic genome. Raman imaging is a promising diagnostic tool, which enables the molecular characterization of cells and differentiation of subtypes of leukemia in clinical samples. This study aimed to characterize and distinguish cells isolated from the bone marrow of patients suffering from three subtypes of BCP-ALL, deﬁned by gene rearrangements, i.e., BCR-ABL1 (Philadelphia -positive, t(9;22)), TEL-AML1 (t(12;21)) and TCF3-PBX1 (t(1;19)), using single-cell Raman imaging combined with multivariate statistical analysis. Spectra collected from clinical samples were compared with single-cell spectra of B-cells collected from healthy donors, constituting the control group. We demonstrated that Raman spectra of normal B cells strongly differ from spectra of their malignant counterparts, especially in the intensity of bands, which can be assigned to nucleic acids. We also showed that the identiﬁcation of leukemia subtypes could be automated with the use of chemometric methods. Results prove the clinical suit-ability Raman identiﬁcation spectroscopic markers characterizing leukemia cells.
Defective Aire-Dependent Central Tolerance to P0 Is Linked to Autoimmune Peripheral Neuropathy

Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy is a debilitating autoimmune disease characterized by peripheral nerve demyelination and dysfunction. How the autoimmune response is initiated, identity of provoking antigens, and pathogenic effector mechanisms are not well-defined. The Autoimmune Regulator (Aire) plays a critical role in central tolerance by promoting thymic expression of self-antigens and deletion of self-reactive T cells. Here, we utilized mice with hypomorphicAire function and two patients with Aire mutations to define how Aire deficiency results in spontaneous autoimmune peripheral neuropathy. Autoimmunity against peripheral nerves in both mice and humans targets Myelin Protein Zero (P0), an antigen whose expression is Aire-regulated in the thymus. Consistent with a defect in thymic tolerance, CD4+ T cells are sufficient to transfer disease in mice and produce IFN-gamma in infiltrated peripheral nerves. Our findings suggest that defective Aire-mediated central tolerance to P0 initiates an autoimmune Th1 effector response toward peripheral nerves. in part because of the scarcity of robust animal models. We recently reported that spontaneous autoimmune peripheral neuropathy develops in NOD mice harboring a G228W point mutation in the Autoimmune Regulator (Aire) gene (NOD.Aire GW/+ mice) (2). Aire plays a critical role in central tolerance by upregulating the ectopic expression of a wide array of tissue-specific self-antigens in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) (3) and promoting the negative selection of developing thymocytes that recognize these antigens with high affinity (4). NOD.Aire GW/+ mice have hypomorphicAire function in that mTECs
Trans-Organizational Role-Based Access Control in Android Secure Mechanism for Verifying User-Role Assignments of Organizations

—The role-based access control (RBAC) is a natural and versatile model of the access control principle. In the real world, it is common that an organization provides a service to a user who owns a certain role that was issued by a different organization. However, such a trans-organizational RBAC is not common in a computer network because it is difficult to establish both the security that prohibits malicious impersonation of roles and the flexibility that allows small organizations/individual users to fully control their own roles. To solve this problem, this study proposes a mechanism that makes use of the hierarchical ID-based encryption scheme and the challenge-response authentication protocol. The proposed mechanism contributes to achieve both the security and the flexibility and it provides additional features that are common in physical communication but are not obvious in the cyberworld. This study also reports a prototyping system that is implemented on Android-enabled mobile devices. The proposed system employs the needed cryptographic mechanisms, and new technologies, namely, near-field communication and two-dimensional codes, are employed to realize locally closed communication between devices.
Intron-Mediated Alternative Splicing of PtrWND1B Regulates Cell Wall Thickening during Fiber Development in Populus

One-sentence summary: PtrWND1B intron II-mediated alternative splicing generates two isoforms which play antagonistic roles in regulating cell wall thickening during fiber cell differentiation in planta Abstract Alternative splicing is an important mechanism involved in regulating the development of multicellular organisms. Although many genes in plants undergo alternative splicing, little is understood of its significance in regulating plant growth and development. In this study, alternative splicing of a NAC transcription factor, PtrWND1B ， is shown to occur exclusively in secondary xylem fiber cells. PtrWND1B is expressed with a normal short transcript PtrWND1B-s as well as its alternative long transcript PtrWND1B-l . The intron 2 structure of the WND1B gene was identified as a critical sequence which causes WND1B alternative splicing. Suppression of PtrWND1B expression specifically inhibited fiber cell wall thickening. The two PtrWND1B isoforms play antagonistic roles in regulating cell wall thickening during fiber cell differentiation in Populus . PtrWND1B-s overexpression enhanced fiber cell wall thickening while overexpresssion of PtrWND1B-l repressed fiber cell wall thickening. Alternative splicing may enable more specific regulation of processes such as fiber cell wall thickening during wood formation. The Genbank numbers for the poplar genes studied in this are PtrACT2 (XM_002298674). The Arabidopsis Genome Initiative locus identifiers for the Arabidopsis genes studied in this article are SND1 (At1g32770), NST1 (At2g46770), NST2 (At3g61910).
GC-MS Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of the Extract and Fractions of Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis 168 Isolated from a River Bank in Nigeria

The menace of drug resistant pathogens is increasing and their level of evading conventional antimicrobials is rising. It is therefore important to discover new antimicrobials to counter the current challenges. Our preliminary investigation identified Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis 168 isolated from soil sample sourced from a river bank in Abuja, Nigeria, as the most potent antibiotic-producing bacteria among the other identified producers. The current study screened for the antimicrobial activity of the extract and fractions of the isolate by broth microdilution method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and the ratio of the MBC/MIC were determined. All the tested pathogens were susceptible to the ethyl-acetate extract (MIC between 28.70 mg/ml and 57.40 mg/ml). The extract displayed bactericidal activity against all tested pathogens (MBC/MIC between 1.00 and 2.00) while Proteus mirabilis was least susceptible. The extract was purified by vacuum liquid chromatography and the fractions challenged with pathogenic strains. The fraction E was the most potent (MIC between 0.09 mg/ml and 0.75 mg/ml) and also bactericidal against all the test microbes (MBC/MIC between 2.00 and 2.11). GC-MS analysis of the purified sub fraction obtained from fraction E identified 13 compounds with different Retention time and peak areas. Among these were three major compounds which include: (i) bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (ii) 1,4-epoxynaphthalene-1(2H)-methanol, 4,5,7-tris(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3,4-dihydro- (iii) D:B-Friedo-B':A'-neogammacer-5-en-3-ol, (3.beta.)-. Our findings suggest that Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis 168 isolated locally could serve as a valuable source of lead compounds for pharmaceutical and biotechnological purposes.
Genetic structure characteristics and treatment for Listeria monocytogenes infections

Background: Invasive Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) carry a high mortality despite antibiotic treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of pathogenicity and resistance. In addition, the effect of existing treatment options against Lm were systematically evaluated as well. Methods: Three Lm isolates were collected and 15 antibiotics susceptibility tests were done. Subsequently, whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed. Furthermore, the effect of meropenem, linezolid, benzylpenicillin, vancomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were determined using the time-kill assay. Results: Two sequence types (STs) were identified for isolate 23949 (ST87), 26530 (ST3), 34096 (ST87), respectively. All isolates were resistant to fosfomycin and daptomycin. The resistant genes fosX , mprF, norB and vgaALC were identified in all isolates. Furthermore, 80 virulence genes were detected and 72 genes were found in all three isolates. There were 26 virulent genes associated with the structure, biosynthesis, motor switch of flagellum. And other virulent genes were involved in chemotaxis, protease, internalin and metabolism. It is of note that 8 genes ( inlJ , llsB , llsD , llsG , llsH , llsP , llsX , llsY ) were only found in 26530 isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 7 of which were associated with haemolysin. Further in vitro time-kill assay found trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole at serum or CSF concentrations had bactericidal effect (>3.5 log10 CFU/ml) against three tested Lm strains at 24 h. Conclusions: The involved virulence factors were mainly associated with bacterial pathogenicity. Notably, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole might be greater potential therapeutic option against Lm bloodstream infection or intracranial infection.
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF AFRICAN CATFISH CLARIAS GARIEPINUS IN SOUTH INDIA EVALUATED BY MICROSATELLITE DNA

The Clariid species, Clarias gariepinus is native to Africa and one of the most cultivated fish in the world. The aim of this research was to evaluate the genetic diversity of this fish from selected places of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu of south India, using Clarias macrocephalus microsatellite DNA markers. This cross amplification was done using two primers ( Cmac6 and Cmac11 ). The mean number of alleles per locus ranged from 0.500 to 5.000. The heterozyosities observed were found to be 0.1625±0.0707, while 100% polymorphism was observed in C. gariepinus . Conformity to Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium using chi-square test showed that at P<0.001 all the loci showed a significant value. The genetic distance of Nei’s (1978) indicating that the genetic distance between the four population forming two clusters one Poondi Lake and Sholavaram Lake of Chennai; and Bellandur Lake and Varthur Lake of Bangalore on the other cluster.
The effect of Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) coverage on paying out-of-pocket for family planning services in Indonesia

While Indonesia’s national health insurance (NHI) scheme, Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), was established in 2014 and has now expanded to over 80% of the population, the impact on family planning (FP) seems to be minimal with modern contraceptive prevalence and total fertility rates remaining stagnant. This study explores more of how JKN affects how Indonesians pay for their FP needs, especially on out-of-pocket (OOP) payments for short- and long-term FP methods from a range of public and private providers. Using data from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey and the National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS), we used propensity score matching and a maximum-likelihood Heckman selection model to estimate the effect of JKN membership on OOP payments for modern contraceptives. We found that compared to uninsured women, JKN members experience significant cost savings for short-acting methods at public primary health care (PHC) facilities (-26%) and less so at private midwives (-0.5%), and for long-acting, reversible contraceptives (LARCs) at public hospitals (-26%). While JKN seems to be having an impact on specific types of FP services and providers, the NHI scheme is certainly not a magic bullet for addressing all the FP issues in Indonesia. There remain coverage gaps at private PHC providers (like midwives) and shops where most Indonesian women access their preferred contraceptive method of injectables, supply-side issues around readiness and stockouts, and challenges around declining demand for FP among certain populations. Still, with a more dynamic approach that address both the supply and demand challenges, universal access to affordable FP is within sight in Indonesia.
The Relationship between Emergency Response Time and Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Prognosis: A Meta-Analysis

Objective To assess the relationship between emergency response time and prognosis of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Design Systematic review. Methods Relevant observational studies were identified by a search of PubMed and ISI databases to 30 January 2014. Primary outcome was survival to discharge. The weighted mean differences (WMD) for response time were calculated for those survivals to discharge and death in hospital. We also carried out a dose response meta-analysis for assessing summary odds ratio (OR) of survival by response time. Results A total of 13 studies with 804,998 patients included in the meta-analysis. The WMD of response time between survivals to discharge group and death in hospital group was 1.976 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.161-2.792; p<0.001). Sensitivity analyses by only included prospective cohorts showed the WMD of response time between two groups was 1.115 (95% CI=0.508-1.723; p<0.001). Dose-response relationship between response time and survival to discharge risk was observed statistically significant (χ2=39.86, p<0.001). In linear model, the summary OR was 0.914 (95% CI=0.889-0.940) for every 1 minutes delay in response time. In spline model, the survival OR decreased along with the response time, especially when response time less than 7 minutes. Conclusions Emergency response time is an important risk factor for prognosis after OHCA in adults. The EMS team must arrive as soon as possible to the site of the event. (Hong Kong j.emerg.med. 2015;22:345-351)
CellsLipid Raft Polarization in Human CD4 T in the Absence of TCR Stimulation Induces Ligation of CD28 by Its Natural Ligand CD86

Stimulation of resting CD4 T cells with anti-CD3/CD28-coated beads leads to rapid polarization of lipid rafts (LRs). It has been postulated that a major role of costimulation is to facilitate LR aggregation. CD86 is up-regulated or expressed aberrantly on immune cells in a wide array of autoimmune and infectious diseases. Using an Ig fusion with the extracellular domain of CD86 (CD86Ig) bound to a magnetic bead or K562 cells expressing CD86, we demonstrated that ligation of CD28 by its natural ligand, but not by Ab, induced polarization of LRs at the cell-bead interface of fresh human CD4 T cells in the absence of TCR ligation. This correlated with activation of Vav-1, increase of the intracellular calcium concentration, and nuclear translocation of NF- (cid:1) B p65, but did not result in T cell proliferation or cytokine production. These studies show, for the ﬁrst time, that LR polarization can occur in the absence of TCR triggering, driven solely by the CD28/CD86 interaction. This result has implications for mech-anisms of T cell activation. Abnormalities in this process may alter T and B cell tolerance and susceptibility to infection. The Journal of Immunology, 2005, 175: 7848–7854. APC and T cell will likely occur before much lower density and lower afﬁnity MHC Ag/TCR interactions, our data suggest that the signal through CD28 may play an important role in the proper initiation of T cell activation. These studies may also advance the under-standing of the pathogenesis of autoimmune or infectious diseases, speciﬁcally systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and HIV-1 infection, which are noted for having aberrant CD86 expression.
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Malformation and Malfunction of Lysosomal Acid Lipase Corrects Myeloid-Specific Expression of Human

Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) cleaves cholesteryl esters and triglycerides to generate free fatty acids and cholesterol in lysosomes. LAL deﬁciency causes expansion of CD11b + Gr-1 + immature myeloid cells, loss of T cells, and impairment of T cell function. To test how myeloid cell LAL controls myelopoiesis and lymphopoiesis, a myeloid-speciﬁc doxycycline-inducible transgenic system was used to reintroduce human lysosomal acid lipase (hLAL) expression into LAL gene knockout ( lal 2 / 2 ) mice. Expression of hLAL in myeloid cells of lal 2 / 2 mice reversed abnormal myelopoiesis in the bone marrow starting at the granulocyte–monocyte progenitor stage and reduced systemic expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Myeloid hLAL expression inhibited reactive oxygen species production and arginase expression in CD11b + Gr-1 + cells of lal 2 / 2 mice. Structural organization of the thymus and spleen was partially restored in association with reduced inﬁltration of CD11b + Gr-1 + cells in these mice. In the thymus, reconstitution of myeloid cell LAL restored development of thymocytes at the double-negative DN3 stage. Myeloid cell LAL expression improved the proliferation and function of peripheral T cells. In vitro coculture experiments showed that myeloid hLAL expression in lal 2 / 2 mice reversed CD11b + Gr-1 + myeloid cell suppression of CD4 + T cell proliferation, T cell signaling activation, and lymphokine secretion. Blocking stat3 and NF- k B p65 signaling by small-molecule inhibitors in MDSCs achieved a similar effect. Injection of anti–Gr-1 Ab into lal 2 / 2 mice to deplete restored T cell These studies demonstrate that LAL in myeloid cells plays a critical role in
Appendix to “Mining Massive Amounts of Genomic Data: A Semiparametric Topic Modeling Approach”

The transelliptical model is a semiparametric distribution familiy in which the ∗Department of Statistics, Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; e-mail: xxf13@psu.edu †Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; e-mail: mindianli@hsph.harvard. edu ‡Department of EECS and Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; e-mail: jordan@stat.berkeley. edu §Department of Operations Research and Financial Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; e-mail: hanliu@princeton.edu