Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the nucleation of ikaite (CaCO 3 x6H 2 O) – A comparative study in the presence and absence of mineral surfaces Chemical

The formation of ikaite (CaCO 3 x6H 2 O) was studied in the presence and absence of quartz and mica surfaces using desupersaturation curves from cryo-mixed-batch-reactor experiments. Upon nucleation and growth within the reactor, the solution approached solubility of the precipitating carbonate phase. For ikaite, a solubility constant of log K sp ikaite = (cid:0) 7.3 ± 0.1 was found ( T = 0 ◦ C). At supersaturations Ω ikaite < 15, the nucleation of ikaite was significantly promoted by the presence of quartz or mica. This promotion prevented a competing nucleation of anhydrous calcium carbonates. In the presence of quartz or mica, therefore, ikaite forms over a much broader supersaturation range than in the absence. Similarly strong promotors of ikaite nucleation rather than anhydrous carbonate nucleation were previously attributed to calcite-inhibiting substances only. At supersaturations Ω ikaite ≥ 8, application of classical nucleation theory on induction periods of ikaite for- mation yielded an effective interfacial energy of 15 ± 3 mJ/m 2 . Compared to data of anhydrous CaCO 3 phases, this interfacial energy is low and expresses the highly hydrated character of ikaite. At supersaturations Ω ikaite ≥ 18, a transient amorphous phase appeared besides ikaite. Our results show that a comprehensive understanding of ikaite formation in natural settings requires consideration not only of supersaturation and presence of calcite-inhibitors but also of the presence or absence of mineral surfaces capable of promoting heterogeneous nucleation of ikaite.
A Distilled Representation for Zero and Few-Shot Localization of Task-Oriented Dialogue Agents

Task-oriented Dialogue (ToD) agents are 001 mostly limited to a few widely-spoken lan-002 guages, mainly due to the high cost of acquir-003 ing training data for each language. Existing 004 low-cost approaches that rely on cross-lingual 005 embeddings or naive machine translation sac-006 riﬁce a lot of accuracy for data efﬁciency, and 007 largely fail in creating a usable dialogue agent. 008 We propose automatic methods that use ToD 009 training data in a source language to build a 010 high-quality functioning dialogue agent in an-011 other target language that has no training data 012 (i.e. zero-shot) or a small training set (i.e. few-013 shot). Unlike most prior work in cross-lingual 014 ToD that only focus on Dialogue State Track-015 ing (DST), we build an end-to-end agent. 016 We show that our approach closes the accu-017 racy gap between few-shot and existing full-018 shot methods for ToD agents. We achieve 019 this by (1) improving the dialogue data repre-020 sentation, (2) improving entity-aware machine 021 translation, and (3) automatic ﬁltering of noisy 022 translations. 023 We evaluate our approach on the recent bilin-024 gual dialogue dataset BiToD. In Chinese to 025 English transfer, in the zero-shot setting, our 026 method achieves 46.7% and 22.0% in Task 027 Success Rate (TSR) and Dialogue Success 028 Rate (DSR) respectively. In the few-shot set-029 ting where 10% of the data in the target lan-030 guage is used, we improve the state-of-the-art 031 by 15.2% and 14.0%, coming within 5% of 032 full-shot training. 1 033
This paper is included in the Proceedings of the 2022 USENIX Annual Technical Conference.

Non-volatile memory (NVM) is a new byte-addressable storage technology that is part of the processor’s memory hierarchy. NVM is often exposed to applications via an in-kernel ﬁle system. To prevent data loss in the case of crashes, the ﬁle system implementation needs to be crash-consistent. Achieving crash consistency is difﬁcult however, as special primitives need to be inserted at appropriate places in the program to ensure persistency in the presence of volatile caches. We introduce V INTER , a new approach to automated NVM crash consistency testing designed for full systems, including unmodiﬁed kernel software such as ﬁle systems. By tracing NVM accesses of a full system via dynamic binary translation, we capture interactions between user and kernel space code. With such traces, our system efﬁciently generates relevant crash states using a heuristic that determines NVM locations signiﬁcant for crash consistency. Finally, it extracts the semantic representation of each crash state. This makes the automatic detection of operation-spanning violations of crash consistency properties such as atomicity feasible. Our approach further aids in ﬁxing detected bugs by representing how bugs originate from simulated crashes which are annotated by trace metadata. Our evaluation on NVM ﬁle systems uncovers several previously unknown bugs, including bugs in the state-of-the-art ﬁle systems NOVA and NOVA-Fortis that lead to atomicity violations and data loss.
Examining Senior Drivers’ Acceptance to Advanced Driver Assistance Systems

Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) can help maintain seniors’ safety and mobility with their decline in cognitive and physical capabilities. An early step of investigating the adoption and merits of ADAS for senior drivers is examining the factors that influence senior drivers’ acceptance of the technology. This paper presents our modeling effort on the acceptance of 18 senior drivers towards adaptive cruise control (ACC) and lane control features after six weeks of naturalistic driving with study vehicles. Adapting the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), our model is built on questionnaire data on perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEoU), use-based trust (T) and perceived satisfaction (PS) in predicting behavioral intention to use (BIU) ADAS. Two major findings in our modeling effort are that (i) perceived ease of use has significant influence on trust and (ii) perceived satisfaction has significant influence on behavioral intention to use.
Holographic thermalization with initial long range correlation

Here, we studied the evolution of the Wightman correlator in a thermalizing state modeled by AdS3-Vaidya background. A prescription was given for calculating the Wightman correlator in coordinate space without using any approximation. For equal-time correlator , we obtained an enhancement factor v2 due to long range correlation present in the initial state. This was missed by previous studies based on geodesic approximation. Moreover, we found that the long range correlation in initial state does not lead to significant modification to thermalization time as compared to known results with generic initial state. We also studied the spatially integrated Wightman correlator and showed evidence on the distinction between long distance and small momentum physics for an out-of-equilibrium state. We also calculated the radiation spectrum of particles weakly coupled to O and found that lower frequency mode approaches thermal spectrum faster than high frequency mode.
Artificial Intelligence in Education

This study investigated the impact of pedagogical agents ’ conversational formality on learning and engagement in a trialog-based intelligent tutoring system (ITS). Participants ( N = 167) were randomly assigned into one of three conditions to learn summarization strategies with the conversational agents: (1) a formal condition in which both the teacher agent and the student agent spoke with a formal language style, (2) an informal condition in which both agents spoke informally, and (3) a mixed condition in which the teacher agent spoke formally, whereas the student agent spoke informally. Result showed that the agents ’ informal discourse yielded higher performance, but elicited higher report of text dif ﬁ culty and mind wandering. This discourse also caused longer response time and lower arousal. The implications are discussed.
Application of Wheeler-Feynman Absorber Theory to Laser Power Output

The method described is designed to increase laser output power using a concept from Wheeler-Feynman absorber theory [1,2] and the work of Tetrode [3], where photons are modeled as sources of energy that must also have a sink (an electron) to be absorbed. According to Wheeler-Feynman and Tetrode, if an electron is not present to absorb the photon, then the photon can never be emitted. In Wheeler-Feynman absorber theory, advanced and retarded potentials resemble time-reversal equations because there must be communication faster than light between the source-photon and the sink-electron, reasoned Feynman, so that the source photon's atom would know whether to emit a photon. This enigma was resolved by Milo Wolff in his work "Exploring the Physics of the Unknown Universe" [4], where he describes the use of spherical scalar in-waves and out-waves that travel at c and whose local speed is based on local-mass density. The in-out waves form electrons and also allows communication between them.
The transformation and quenching of simulated gas-rich dwarf satellites within a group environment

The underlying mechanisms driving the quenching of dwarf-mass satellite galaxies remain poorly constrained, but recent studies suggest they are particularly inefficient for those satellites with stellar mass 10$^{\rm 9}$ M$_{\odot}$. We investigate the characteristic evolution of these systems with chemodynamical simulations and idealised models of their tidal/hydrodynamic interactions within the 10$^{\rm 13-13.5}$ M$_{\odot}$ group-mass hosts in which they are preferentially quenched. Our fiducial simulations highlight the role played by secular star formation and stellar bars, and demonstrate a transition from a gas-rich to passive, HI-deficient state (i.e. $\Delta$SFR$\le$-1, def$_{\rm HI}$$\ge$0.5) within 6 Gyr of first infall. Furthermore, in the 8-10 Gyr in which these systems have typically been resident within group hosts, the bulge-to-total ratio of an initially bulgeless disc can increase to 0.3$<$B/T$<$0.4, its specific angular momentum $\lambda_{\rm R}$ reduce to $\sim$0.5, and strong bisymmetries formed. Ultimately, this scenario yields satellites resembling dwarf S0s, a result that holds for a variety of infall inclinations/harassments albeit with broad scatter. The key assumptions here lie in the rapid removal of the satellite's gaseous halo upon virial infall, and the satellite's local intra-group medium density being defined by the host's spherically-averaged profile. We demonstrate how quenching can be greatly enhanced if the satellite lies in an overdensity, consistent with recent cosmological-scale simulations but contrasting with observationally-inferred quenching mechanisms/timescales; an appraisal of these results with respect to the apparent preferential formation of dS0s/S0s in groups is also given.
Robust Procedures in Multivariate Analysis I: Robust Covariance Estimation

SUMMARY The detection of atypical observations from multivariate data sets can be enhanced by examining probabilityplotsofMahalanobis squared distances using robust M-estimates of means and of covariances, rather than the usual maximum likelihood estimates. The weights associated with the robust estimation can also be used to indicate atypical observations. For uncontaminated data, the robust estimates are similar to the usual estimates. A procedure for robust principal component analysis is given; it also indicates atypical observations and provides an analysis relatively little influenced by such observations.
Multiple Time Dimensions

The possibility of physics in multiple time dimensions is investigated. Drawing on recent work by Walter Craig and myself, I show that, contrary to conventional wisdom, there is a well-posed initial value problem--deterministic, stable evolution--for theories in multiple time dimensions. Though similar in many ways to ordinary, single-time theories, multi-time theories have some rather intriguing properties which suggest new directions for the understanding of fundamental physics.
Classics illustrated: limits of spacetimes

We carefully study the e → m ? > and e → 0 ? > limits of the Reissner–Nordström spacetime using Gerochʼs definition of limits of spacetimes. This is implemented by embedding the one-parameter family of spacetimes in anti-de Sitter space, and as a result we obtain metrically correct Penrose diagrams. For e → m ? > two distinct limits are studied.
THE PROPERTIES OF THE COOL CIRCUMGALACTIC GAS PROBED WITH THE SDSS, WISE, AND GALEX SURVEYS

We explore the distribution of cool (∼104 K) gas around galaxies and its dependence on galaxy properties. By cross-correlating about 50,000 Mg ii absorbers with millions of sources from the SDSS (optical), WISE (IR), and GALEX (UV) surveys we effectively extract about 2000 galaxy–absorber pairs at z ∼ 0.5 and probe relations between absorption strength and galaxy type, impact parameter and azimuthal angle. We find that cool gas traced by Mg ii absorbers exists around both star-forming and passive galaxies with a similar incidence rate on scales greater than 100 kpc but each galaxy type exhibits a different behavior on smaller scales: Mg ii equivalent width does not correlate with the presence of passive galaxies whereas stronger Mg ii absorbers tend to be found in the vicinity of star-forming galaxies. This effect is preferentially seen along the minor axis of these galaxies, suggesting that some of the gas is associated with outflowing material. In contrast, the distribution of cool gas around passive galaxies is consistent with being isotropic on the same scales. We quantify the average excess Mg ii equivalent width as a function of galaxy properties and find , sSFR0.5, and for star-forming galaxies. This work demonstrates that the dichotomy between star-forming and passive galaxies is reflected in the circumgalactic medium traced by low-ionized gas. We also measure the covering fraction of Mg ii absorption and find it to be about 2–10 times higher for star-forming galaxies than passive ones within 50 kpc. We estimate the amount of neutral gas in the halo of 〈log M*/M☉〉 ∼ 10.8 galaxies to be a few × 109 M☉ for both types of galaxies. Finally, we find that correlations between absorbers and sources detected in the UV and IR lead to physical trends consistent with those measured in the optical.
Detection of X-Ray Emission from the Unidentified TeV Gamma-Ray Source TeV J2032+4130

AbstractWe observed the ﬁrst unidentiﬁed TeV γ-ray source TeV J2032+4130 with Suzaku. Owing to Suzaku’shigh sensitivity for detection of diﬀuse X-ray emission, we found two small structures in the TeV emittingregion. One of them is coincident with a γ-ray pulsar PSR J2032+4127, which was discovered by the FermiGamma-ray Space Telescope. By subtracting contribution of point sources estimated by Chandra data,we obtained diﬀuse X-ray spectrum. The X-ray spectrum can be reproduced by a power-law model with aphoton index of ∼ 2, and an X-ray ﬂux of 2×10 −13 erg s −1 cm −2 . The ratio of the γ-ray ﬂux to the X-rayﬂux is about 10. If the origin of the TeV γ-ray is inverse Compton scattering of microwave backgroundby high energy electrons, the ratio corresponds to the magnetic ﬁeld strength of ∼ 1 µG. However, thesmaller size of the X-ray emission than that of the TeV emission suggests that energy loss of the electronscan explain the large ratio of the γ-ray ﬂux with a reasonable magnetic ﬁeld strength of a few µG. Key words: acceleration of particles — X-rays: individual (TeV J2032+4130) — X-rays: ISM —pulsars: individual (PSR J2032+4127)1. IntroductionThe stereoscopic technique of atmospheric Cerenkovtelescopes improved the angular resolution for detectingTeV γ-rays and thus increased the number of TeV γ-raysources. Some of new TeV objects have no counterparts atother wavelengths and are called unidentiﬁed TeV γ-rayobjects. These objects provide key information in the in-vestigationofthe originofhigh-energycosmicrays. Multi-wavelength observations of these objects are very impor-tant in elucidating the emission mechanism and successfulidentiﬁcation of them.TeV J2032+4130 was the ﬁrst unidentiﬁed TeV γ-raysource discovered by HEGRA (Aharonian et al. 2002). The TeV emission exhibits a signiﬁcant extension witha radius of 6.
Reducing Pediatric Morbidity Through Development of a Clinical Practice Guideline

Peripheral intravenous therapy is a commonly utilized treatment modality for the care of acutely ill pediatric patients. Two risk factors include infiltration and extravasation injuries. These injuries, peripheral intravenous infiltration or extravasation injuries (PIVIEs), can vary in their clinical manifestations from minor discomfort to harm as severe as loss of limb or disfigurement. Clinicians caring for patients at risk of developing PIVIEs need to be able to act quickly to reduce potential morbidity. The purpose of this project was to create a clinical practice guideline (CPG) that would guide staff intervention if a PIVIE occurs, with the ultimate goal of reducing PIVIE-related patient morbidity. An online literature review was conducted utilizing four primary databases including PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MEDLINE (EBSCO), and the Cochrane Library. The initial search yielded 3412 results, with 16 studies ultimately meeting inclusion criteria. The literature was appraised and translated into the CPG. The AGREE II instrument was used to guide formatting and final appraisal of the CPG. A team of stakeholders onsite were assembled including two chairs of the existing PIVIE committee and the Wound Care RN. Stakeholders were consulted during the writing process and ultimately approved and appraised the final completed CPG. The CPG was presented and submitted for final approval to the entire multidisciplinary PIVIE committee. It is recommended to pilot the CPG on a single patient unit to monitor for barriers to implementation, tailor staff education, REDUCING PEDIATRIC MORBIDITY 3 and evaluate the effect of implementation on patient outcomes.
PROTOSTAR L1455 IRS1: A ROTATING DISK CONNECTING TO A FILAMENTARY NETWORK

We conducted IRAM-30 m C18O (2–1) and SMA 1.3 mm continuum 12CO (2–1) and C18O (2–1) observations toward the Class 0/I protostar L1455 IRS1 in Perseus. The IRAM-30 m C18O results show IRS1 in a dense 0.05 pc core with a mass of 0.54 M⊙, connecting to a filamentary structure. Inside the dense core, compact components of 350 au and 1500 au are detected in the SMA 1.3 mm continuum and C18O, with a velocity gradient in the latter one perpendicular to a bipolar outflow in 12CO, likely tracing a rotational motion. We measure a rotational velocity profile that becomes shallower at a turning radius of ∼200 au, which is approximately the radius of the 1.3 mm continuum component. These results hint at the presence of a Keplerian disk with a radius <200 au around L1455 IRS1 with a protostellar mass of about 0.28 M⊙. We derive a core rotation that is about one order of magnitude faster than expected. A significant velocity gradient along a filament toward IRS1 indicates that this filament is dynamically important, providing a gas reservoir and possibly responsible for the faster-than-average core rotation. Previous polarimetric observations show a magnetic field aligned with the outflow axis and perpendicular to the associated filament on a 0.1 pc scale, while on the inner 1000 au scale, the field becomes perpendicular to the outflow axis. This change in magnetic field orientations is consistent with our estimated increase in rotational energy from large to small scales that overcomes the magnetic field energy, wrapping the field lines and aligning them with the disk velocity gradient. These results are discussed in the context of the interplay between filament, magnetic field, and gas kinematics from large to small scales. Possible emerging trends are explored with a sample of 8 Class 0/I protostars.
Trend and co-occurrence network study of symptoms through social media: an example of COVID-19

Abstract Importance: COVID-19 is a multi-organ disease with broad-spectrum manifestations. Clinical data-driven research can be difficult because many patients do not receive prompt diagnoses, treatment, and follow-up studies. Social medias accessibility, promptness, and rich information provide an opportunity for large-scale and long-term analyses, enabling a comprehensive symptom investigation to complement clinical studies. Objective: Present an efficient workflow to identify and study the characteristics and co-occurrences of COVID-19 symptoms using social media. Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective cohort study analyzed 471,553,966 COVID-19-related tweets from February 1, 2020, to April 30, 2022. A comprehensive lexicon of symptoms was used to filter tweets through rule-based methods. 948,478 tweets with self-reported symptoms from 689,551 Twitter users were identified for analysis. Main Outcomes and Measures: The overall trends of COVID-19 symptoms reported on Twitter were analyzed (separately by the Delta strain and the Omicron strain) using weekly new numbers, overall frequency, and temporal distribution of reported symptoms. A co-occurrence network was developed to investigate relationships between symptoms and affected organ systems. Results: The weekly quantity of self-reported symptoms has a high consistency (0.8528, P<0.0001) and one-week leading trend (0. 8802, P<0.0001) with new infections in four countries. We grouped 201 common symptoms (mentioned [≥] 10 times) into 10 affected systems. The frequency of symptoms showed dynamic changes as the pandemic progressed, from typical respiratory symptoms in the early stage to more musculoskeletal and nervous symptoms at later stages. When comparing symptoms reported during the Delta strain versus the Omicron variant, significant changes were observed, with dropped odd ratios of coma (95%CI 0.55-0.49, P<0.01) and anosmia (95%CI, 0.6-0.56), and more pain in the throat (95%CI, 1.86-1.96) and concentration problems (95%CI, 1.58-1.70). The co-occurrence network characterizes relationships among symptoms and affected systems, both intra-systemic, such as cough and sneezing (respiratory), and inter-systemic, such as alopecia (integumentary) and impotence (reproductive). Conclusions and Relevance: We found dynamic COVID-19 symptom evolution through self-reporting on social media and identified 201 symptoms from 10 affected systems. This demonstrates that social medias prevalence trends and co-occurrence networks can efficiently identify and study public health problems, such as common symptoms during pandemics.
FlexPlan: testing an innovative grid planning tool using European wide regional cases

The H2020 project FlexPlan considers the development and validation of an innovative grid planning tool. In this paper, we present the methodology used in the simulation toolchain and preliminary results for optimal power flow simulation performed in four different regional cases covering most parts of Europe. An energy scenario, created in the scope of the project, for 2030 is used and results obtained illustrate both the tool capability to run complex simulations and the need for grid reinforcements. Obtained OPF results will be further used in the project to identify grid expansion candidates and solve the grid expansion problem.