Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Reviewof Economicsand Statistics

This paper examines the mobility of individuals through the wage and earnings distributions, using 1979–1991 data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Lifetime wages will be more equally distributed than wages from any single year if individuals change position in the wage distribution over time. The results suggest that mobility is predominantly within group mobility, reducing wage inequality by 12%– 26% over a four-year horizon. A detailed examination of within-group mobility, using year-to-year estimates of transition probabilities among quintiles of the distribution, reveals similar general patterns across all skill groups: mobility declined significantly over the years, especially at the lower end of the wage and earnings distributions.
Financial Integration, Investment, and Economic Growth: Evidence from Two Eras of Financial Globalization

Does international financial integration boost economic growth? The empirical literature has not yet established a robust link between openness to the international capital market and economic growth. In this paper, we turn to the economic history of the first era of financial globalization (18801914) for new insights. Using identical empirical models and techniques as contemporary studies, we find a significant growth effect in the historical period. A key difference between now and then is that opening up to the international market led to net capital movements and higher investment in the historical period, but it no longer does so today.
Black Male Hunting! A Phenomenological Study Exploring the Secondary Impact of Police Induced Trauma on the Black Man’s Psyche in the United States

The aim of this phenomenological qualitative research study was to explore the secondary experiences of Black males in the United States who heard, read or viewed the fatal shooting of Stephon Clark by the Sacramento Police Department on March 18, 2018. Utilizing in-depth interviews of (n=62) Black males candidly shared their experiences. Results indicated that 95% of participants reported a theme of posttraumatic stress related symptoms (fear for their own lives; hyper-vigilance; flashbacks) as a result of viewing, hearing or reading about the fatal shooting of Stephon Clark. Three major themes emerged in the study: (1) emotional reactions of anger and sadness among Black men; (2) psychophysiological symptoms of hypervigilance, avoidance and dissociation;and (3)injustices around Black male bodies being targeted. The findings suggest the importance of culturally sensitive practice interventions around understanding and assessing race-based secondary trauma by way of viewing, reading, or hearing racial traumatic events. In addition, further research is necessary on identifying additional cultural and historical barriers that may impede treatment for this vulnerable population if experiencing secondary race-based trauma.
Measuring and assessing talent attractiveness in OECD countries

This paper introduces a new set of indicators aimed at benchmarking how OECD countries fare in attracting talented migrants. Three different profiles of talent are considered: workers with graduate (master or doctorate) degrees, entrepreneurs, and university students. After providing a definition of the notion of talent attractiveness, this paper develops a conceptual framework for the study of the phenomenon, and discusses the variables used to construct the composite indicators. Sensitivity analysis is performed in order to make sure the indicators are robust to several statistical checks. Finally, the paper documents the attractiveness of OECD countries to the different profiles of talented migrants.
Closer to the Finish Line? Compulsory Attendance, Grade Attainment, and High School Graduation

High school graduation rates are a central policy topic in the United States and have been shown to be stagnant for the past three decades. Using student-level administrative data from New York City Public Schools, I examine the impact of compulsory school attendance on high school graduation rates and grade attainment, focusing the analysis on ninth and tenth grade cohorts. I exploit the interaction between the school start-age cutoff and compulsory attendance age requirement to identify the effect of compulsory schooling. I find that an additional year in compulsory attendance leads to an increase of 9 to 12 percent in the probability of progressing to grades 11 and 12, and raises the probability of graduating from high school by 9 to 14 percent, depending on the specification.
On the Dynamic Properties of Asymmetric Models of Real GNP

Abstract There is now a substantial body of evidence that suggests business cycles are asymmetric. However, the evidence has been accumulated using a wide array of statistical techniques and, consequently, is based on various definitions of asymmetry. This paper examines several parametric models that have been used to study asymmetries in real GNP. Although these models capture asymmetries in very different ways, their dynamic properties are remarkably similar.
Rejoinder: The J-Shape of Performance Persistence Given Survivorship Bias

Abstract Hendricks, Patel, and Zeckhauser (1997) (HPZ) find that the response of current to past returns for mutual funds in the presence of survivorship is nonlinear. In our rejoinder to their paper, we verify their results through simulation, provide some intuition for why the result is true, and evaluate the power of their proposed test based upon the J-shape pattern. Theirs is a useful contribution to the growing literature about the issue of survival biases in empirical finance. It may help to explain puzzling results reported in the mutual fund literature, and may provide a guide for future experimental design. Our investigation of the HPZ results led us to a more complete understanding of how differential volatility affects survival-conditioned returns. Our simulations of the test statistic proposed by HPZ suggest that the power of the test is dependent on the absolute level of the threshold, as well as on the magnitude of the cross-sectional differences in variance. While it would be useful to have a reliable test of the conjecture that survivorship is not driving an observed empirical result, we are only beginning to understand the kind of empirical regularities that survival may induce.
Charting the Learning Path: Cues to Parameter Setting

This article argues for an approach to grammar acquisition that builds on the cue-based parametric model of Dresher and Kaye (1990). On this view, acquisition proceeds by means of an ordered path, in which cues to parameters become progressively more abstract and grammar-internal. A learner does not attempt to match target forms (contra Gibson and Wexler 1994), but uses them as evidence for parameter setting. Cues are local, and there is no global fitness metric (contra Clark and Roberts 1993). Acquisition of representations and acquisition of grammar proceed together and cannot be decoupled in the manner of Tesar and Smolensky (1998).
Furnushing New Generations with Productive ICT Skills to Make Them the Maker of Their Own Future

Bilisim teknolojileri araclarini cocuklarin gozlemledikleri problemleri cozmek icin disiplinlerarasi kullanmalari yonunde farkindalik yaratmak cesitli ulkeler icin oncelikli konulardan birisidir. Gunumuzde, bireyler urunleri kendi istekleri dogrultusunda kullanmak istedikleri icin, 'kendin yap' akimi yayginlasmaya baslamis ve teknolojinin sagladigi olanaklar sonucunda bulus kulturu dogmustur. Bu calisma uc boyutlu tasarimlara iliskin uygulamalar yapmak ve cocuklarin uc boyutlu tasarim ve uretim aktivitelerinden sonra bu sureclere iliskin farkindalik kazanip kazanmadiklarini gorebilmek icin onlarin bilisimle uretim konusundaki guncel goruslerini ortaya cikarmayi amaclamaktadir. Arastirmada, Tinkercad programinin kullanimi ve cocuklarin 3D tasarimlarinin incelenmesine yonelik sorularin yanitlanmasi amaciyla nitel bir yontem olan kesfedici durum calismasi kullanilmistir. Calisma, Ankara Buyuksehir Belediyesi Cocuk Konseyinden toplam 22 cocugun, Autodesk firmasina ait Tinkercad 3 boyutlu tasarim ve uretim etkinligine bir gun katilmasiyla gerceklestirilmistir. Cocuklarin ve ebeveynlerin bilisim teknolojileri kullanim durumlari, cocuklarin 3 boyutlu tasarimlari ve farkindalik duzeyleri gibi cesitli temalar calisma kapsaminda analiz edilmistir. Arastirma sonuclari, cocuklarin bilisim teknolojilerini iletisim ve eglence amaciyla kullanmalarina ragmen, bilisim teknolojilerinin uretim yonunun bilincinde olmadiklarini gostermektedir. Cocuklara bilgisayarlarla ve bilgisayarlasmis cihazlarla uretim yapabilme olanagi saglayan etkinlikler hazirlamak, bilisim teknolojilerinin potansiyel gucunu gorebilmeleri acisindan yararli olacaktir.
The Immortalisation of Billy Apple®: An Art-Science Collaboration

ABSTRACT In The Immortalisation of Billy Apple®, Billy Apple® is simultaneously a subject of art and of scientific endeavor. This project has resulted in the first biological tissue made available for artists and the first biological tissue for science research made available by an artist as art. It has long been understood that Homo sapiens are a selective force of nature. Here the tissue and genetic information survive artistic and scientific natural selection. The Immortalisation of Billy Apple® provides an ongoing opportunity for cultural engagement with biological technology. This paper poses the question: Can genuine science and art output emerge from collaboration? As the author explores this question, other questions emerge around the scope of art in the realm of science and the roles of collaborators.
Traces of Female Voices and Women’s Lives in Tibetan Male Sacred Biography

ABSTRACT Scholars have tended to overlook information about female religious specialists in thousands of biographies written about Tibetan male masters, as well as the multiple authorship of many of these texts. This article discusses normative gender portrayals and women's lives as they are described in the sacred (auto)biography of the nineteenth century Nyingmapa master, Trülzhik Tongdröl Dorje (1862–1922), composed by a contemporary male disciple. In the crazy yogin's life story, we find substantial information about his mother Tashi Tsomo, who the narrator(s) oscillates between glorifying and debasing, but in addition, we discern Tashi Tsomo's direct voice in the detailed descriptions of her suffering, the birth of her son and her role as tantric consort and mother. Tashi Tsomo did not become a religious virtuoso but sought spiritual transformation by nurturing and supporting male talent and the religious authority of her tantric partner and son. Piety and the quest for spiritual deliverance as means for self-affirmation and expression are still not fully understood in feminist scholarship, yet it was Tashi Tsomo's embodiment of Buddhist virtues that exalted her personal traits, the very same that constituted her agency, gave her life meaning and made the biographer describe her as an advanced female bodhisattva.
How al-Qaida Ends: The Decline and Demise of Terrorist Groups

Al-Qaida will end. The fear that a small terrorist organization with a loose network has transformed itself into a protracted global ideological struggle without an end in sight is misguided. There are centuries of experience with modern terrorist movements, many bearing important parallels with al-Qaida; yet the lessons arising from the demise of these groups are little studied. Unfortunately, terrorist organizations in their final stages are often at their most dangerous. The outcomes can range from implosion of a group and its cause to transition to astonishing acts of violence and interstate war. Comparing al-Qaida's differences and similarities with those of earlier terrorist organizations, and applying relevant lessons to this case, can provide insights into al-Qaida's likely demise. It can also inform thinking about how to manage and hasten al-Qaida's end.
Post-Structural Readings of a Logico-Mathematical Text

This paper will apply post-structural semiotic theories to study the texts of Gdel's first incompleteness theorem. I will study the texts' own articulations of concepts of meaning, analyze the mechanisms they use to sustain their senses of validity, and point out how the texts depend (without losing their mathematical rigor) on sustaining some shifts of meaning. I will demonstrate that the texts manifest semiotic effects, which we usually associate with poetry and everyday speech. I will conclude with an analysis of how the picture I paint relates to an ethics of mathematical production.
Multivariate Density Forecast Evaluation and Calibration In Financial Risk Management: High-Frequency Returns on Foreign Exchange

We provide a framework for evaluating and improving multivariate density forecasts. Among other things, the multivariate framework lets us evaluate the adequacy of density forecasts involving cross-variable interactions, such as time-varying conditional correlations. We also provide conditions under which a technique of density forecast calibration can be used to improve deficient density forecasts, and we show how the calibration method can be used to generate good density forecasts from econometric models, even when the conditional density is unknown. Finally, motivated by recent advances in financial risk management, we provide a detailed application to multivariate high-frequency exchange rate density forecasts.
Visual Communication in Times of Crisis: The Fukushima Nuclear Accident

ABSTRACT This paper follows the development of visual communication through information visualization in the wake of the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan. While information aesthetics are often applied to large data sets retrospectively, the author developed new works concurrently with an ongoing crisis to examine the impact and social aspects of visual communication while events continued to unfold. The resulting work, Fukushima Nuclear Accident—Radiation Comparison Map, is a reflection of rapidly acquired data, collaborative on-line analysis and reflective criticism of contemporary news media, resolved into a coherent picture through the participation of an on-line community.
Design's Own Knowledge

Doxa: from the Greek, opinion, way of thinking. According to Parmenides, the world of doxa was the world of the opinions of mortals. When substituted by what is for what seems to be, or when mortals concur to manipulate things, or understand themselves, it becomes a falsehood or an error. Husserl held that all expressions are a doxic act in their full sense, i.e, a certainty, a belief.1 Paul Foulquie, Diccionario del lenguaje filosfico (Barcelona: Editorial Labor, 1962), 42.
Forest Tenure and Multi-level Governance in Avoiding Deforestation under REDD+

This paper investigates the role of forest tenure in creating a sustainable and effective mechanism on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+). It draws together existing knowledge and experience of forest tenure issues as they play out in real contexts, and evaluates their implications for REDD+. In particular, it challenges the argument that simply harmonising different tenure systems will lead to improved tenure security and ensure that REDD+ does not disenfranchise local communities. By bringing to light the ways in which local tenure could shape the implementation of REDD+, this paper provides insights that can contribute to the design of a sustainable, effective and equitable REDD+ agreement. The findings suggest that a more nuanced and locally specific understanding of tenure security and ownership are required in order to create favourable grounds for REDD+ implementation.
Simple Estimators for Treatment Parameters in a Latent-Variable Framework

This note derives simply computed closed-form expressions for the average treatment effect, the effect of treatment on the treated, the local average treatment effect, and the marginal treatment effect in a latent-variable framework for both normal and nonnormal models. Asymptotic standard errors for versions of these parameters that average over observed characteristics are also obtained. The performances of the derived estimators are also evaluated in Monte Carlo experiments under correct specification and misspecification.
Conversations on Cognitive Cultural Studies: Literature, Language, and Aesthetics

Kolbert aims to bring scientific findings to a mass audience and yet, by observing the conventions of hard science—when as a popularizer she does not need to and, at times, should not—and by emphasizing projects that seem very likely to fail, Kolbert conveys despair. She mentions only in passing hopeful attempts to avoid the worst, such as marine and nature reserves and legislation to protect wildlife. She says nothing about the work of organizations like the Nature Conservancy, the Sierra Club or radical environmentalism. These omissions, but above all her failure to address despair, lend it unnecessary strength. We cannot afford unexamined despair any more than we can afford false hopes. Toward the end of The Sixth Extinction Kolbert raises a philosophical question: Who are we as a species? She considers the possibility that we may harbor a madness gene, DNA that causes suicidal destructiveness. This concept, as treated in the book, strikes me as melodramatic and something of a diversion even though it comes from Sante Paabo, a paleogeneticist. Another diversion (although it did not have to be) is Kolbert’s attempt to identify when the sixth extinction began. The disappearance of megafauna from Australia, the Americas and certain islands at about the time that Homo sapiens first entered them strongly suggests that species loss due to human activities began about 40,000 years ago. However, Kolbert does not adequately distinguish between the elimination of paleolithic megafauna, a phenomenon that involved perhaps a few score of species over the course of 30,000 years, and what is happening today, when the same number of species may be disappearing every few weeks. Thirty thousand years is not very long in evolutionary time but should not be conflated with a few weeks. We have no evidence that ancient hunter-gatherers understood that they were driving species to extinction. Today we know very well what we are doing. In many cases we know exactly which of our activities are responsible for what losses. By inadequately distinguishing species loss caused by hunter-gatherers from wholesale devastation unleashed by industrial society, Kolbert deepens the sense that our species is by nature ruinously destructive. Science is sublimely neutral with respect to outcomes. As a consequence, it allows for many possibilities, ranging from the destruction of all life, to sea changes in culture, to ecologically beneficial but humanly catastrophic events, such as timely pandemics or economic collapse. Science accommodates such possibilities and so do certain other strands within our culture, but not the greater part of society. What depth and breadth of change would be necessary to halt mass extinction? The Sixth Extinction may be most valuable for questions it raises, yet avoids.
Soft Law, Hard Law, and Effective Implementation of International Environmental Norms

The article compares the interplay between soft law institutions and those based on hard law in international efforts to protect the North Sea, reduce transboundary air pollution, and discipline fisheries subsidies. Our cases confirm that ambitious norms are more easily achieved in soft law institutions than in legally binding ones, but not primarily because they bypass domestic ratification or fail to raise concerns for compliance costs. More important is the greater flexibility offered by soft law instruments with respect to participation and sectoral emphasis. Second, ambitious soft law regimes put political pressure on laggards in negotiations over binding rules, but this effect is contingent on factors such as political saliency and reasonably consensual risk and option assessment. Third, hard-law instruments are subject to more thorough negotiation and preparation which, unless substantive targets have been watered down, makes behavioral change and problem solving more likely. Finally, although most of the evidence presented here confirms the implementation edge conventionally ascribed to hard law institutions, the structures for intrusive verification and review that provide part of the explanation can also be created within soft law institutions.
The Effect of Inflation Targets on the Level of Expected Inflation in Five Countries

Did inflation targets reduce the level of expected inflation in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Sweden, and the United Kingdom? In this note, predictions of forecasts by professional forecasters are constructed for five consecutive 12-month periods after the announcement of targets. These predictions use a variety of information variables known to forecasters at the time they make their forecasts. The results show that, after the announcement of targets, predicted forecasts are less than actual forecasts in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and Sweden. This is evidence that targets reduced the level of expected inflation. No evidence of such effects is found in the United Kingdom.
Who is to Blame? Canadian Manufacturers and the Absence of Income Per Capita Convergence

No significant convergence between Canadian and American income per capita occurred during the first ninety years of the twentieth century. This lack of convergence does not appear to have been due to technological dependence, input price distortions, or diseconomies of scale within the Canadian manufacturing sector. The evidence presented in this paper is based on total factor productivity measurement, statistical testing, and counterfactual experimentation using data from national statistical agencies and firm-level sources.