Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Imaging of Hypoxia in Retinal Vascular Disease Imaging of Hypoxia in Retinal Vascular Disease

Retinal tissue hypoxia is a key mediator in the pathogenesis of many leading causes of irre- versible vision loss, including diabetic retinopathy. Retinal hypoxia in diabetic retinopathy has been shown to drive the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-angiogenic growth factors. Together, these factors contribute to disease progression by causing unregu-lated growth of new blood vessels, increased vascular permeability and cell death within the retina. Studies have shown that retinal hypoxia precedes many of the pathologic events that occur during the progression of diabetic retinopathy such as angiopathy, microaneurysms, and capillary dropout. Therefore, early detection of hypoxia in the retinas of diabetic patients could help clinicians identify problems in patients before irreversible damage has occurred. Currently, oxygen sensitive electrodes remain the gold standard for direct measurement of oxygen tension within the retinal tissue; however the procedure is highly invasive and is therefore limited in its applicability towards preclinical models. Less invasive techniques such as retinal oximetry, phosphorescence-lifetime imaging, and hypoxia-sensitive fluores - cent probes have shown promising diagnostic value in facilitating detection of oxygen imbalance correlated with neurovascular dysfunction in DR patients. This review highlights the current progress and potential of these minimally invasive hypoxia-imaging techniques in diabetic retinopathy.
PRBM_A_280911 1103..1114

1School of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Public Management, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China Purpose: Leaders try to stimulate follower taking charge to promote organizational change and effectiveness in current increasingly complex and changing environment. Based on social identity theory, we developed a mediated moderation model in which affective commitment was theorized as a mediating mechanism underlining why followers feel motivated to taking charge with the supervision of inclusive leadership. Furthermore, traditionality should be a relevant boundary condition to moderate such a relationship in China. Methods: There was three times lagged research conducted at the city of Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Nanjing. A series of valid questionnaires were accomplished by 246 participants, including the inclusive leadership, affective commitment, traditionality, and follower taking charge. Our model adopted hierarchical regression analysis to explore hypothesis. Results: Inclusive leadership is positively related to affective commitment (β= 0.589, p < 0.001). Affective commitment was positively related to follower taking charge (β= 0.165, p < 0.01). Affective commitment mediates the relationship between inclusive leadership and taking charge with 95% bias-corrected confidence intervals [0.068, 0.233]. Interactive effect of affective commitment and traditionality on follower taking charge was also significant (β=–0.189, p <0.001), and the effect of affective commitment on follower taking charge was more pronounced and positive with low (b = 0.361, p <0.001) rather than high (b =0.172, ns.) level of affective commitment. Moreover, the indirect effect of inclusive leadership on taking charge through affective commitment was significant when traditionality was low (b = 0.270, 95% CI = [0.179, 0.371]), the indirect effect became insignificant with high traditionality (b = 0.046, 95% CI = [–0.034, 0.123]). Conclusion: Our study shows that affective commitment mediates the relationship between inclusive leadership and follower taking charge. Moreover, the influence of affective commitment on follower taking charge was moderated by traditionality. Affective commitment was positively associated with taking charge only for followers with low traditionality. Additionally, the mediated moderation relationship between inclusive leadership and follower taking charge via affective commitment was stronger under low traditionality.
AlGaN GaN polarization-doped ﬁeld-effect transistor for microwave power applications

We discuss an AlGaN/GaN metal–semiconductor ﬁeld-effect transistor ~ MESFET ! structure grown without any impurity doping in the channel. A high-mobility polarization-induced bulk channel charge was created by grading the channel region linearly from GaN to Al 0.3 Ga 0.7 N over 1000 Å. This polarization-doped FET ~ PolFET ! was fabricated and tested under dc and rf conditions. Current density of 850 mA/mm and transconductance of 93 mS/mm was observed under dc conditions. The 0.7 m m gate length devices had a cutoff frequency, f t 5 19 GHz, and maximum oscillation frequency, f max 5 46 GHz. We demonstrate that the PolFETs perform better than comparable MESFETs with impurity-doped channels, and are suitable for high power microwave applications. An important advantage of these devices over AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors is that the transconductance versus gate voltage proﬁle can be tailored by compositional grading for better large-signal linearity. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. @ DOI: 10.1063/1.1652254 #
Intravenous lidocaine for inducing remission of cluster period CASE REPORT CASE REPORT CASE REPORT CASE REPORT CASE REPORT

Cluster headache is a rare clinical condition, classified by the IHS as a trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia. Some known abortive treatments are inhaled oxygen, subcutaneous sumatriptan, intravenous dihydroergotamine and intranasal lidocaine. However, previous case reports suggest that intravenous lidocaine may play a role in the treatment of cluster headache attacks. We describe a patient with refractory cluster headache, whose condition remitted after the use of intravenous lidocaine. Therapy with lidocaine was conducted without harm, and the remission after a "single shot" suggested this approach to be safe and desirable to be tried in patients with cluster headache.
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF CONVENTIONAL AND MICROWAVE ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF VITEX NEGUNDO LINN LEAVES Conventional and Microwave Assisted

: Vitex negundo Linn commonly known as five leaved chaste tree in English, Nirgudi in Marathi, nirgundi in hindi and indrani in Sanskrit, which have great medicinal value. The present study was done developed extraction method. Microwave extraction and conventional extraction was carried out and both the extracts were compared with their percent of extraction, phytochemical constituent, physicochemical properties and by UV-Vis spectra. Four new parameters were introduced that is bulk density, tapped density, carr’s index and housner’s ratio which was previously not reported. It is observed that microwave and conventional extraction gives different results. This may be due to difference in energy supply for both the extract. of
FBG strain sensor mounted on plastic carrier

Fiber optic Bragg gratings are among the most widely used fiber optic sensors. It uses in dangerous explosive environments thanks to the electrical passivity of the sensor itself, but also in applications with high electromagnetic disturbance. Maintaining immunity of the sensor to electromagnetic interference requires non-electrical encapsulation material. This paper describes the encapsulation of the FBG sensor on a plastic plate fixed by gluing to the monitored structure. The proposed FBG sensor is suitable for measuring deformations or vibrations of iron and concrete structures. Due to the material used, the FBG sensor keeps resistance to electromagnetic interference, humidity, and corrosion. The results show the almost equal sensitivity of FBG strain sensors mounted on a metal carrier when measuring very small deformations and vibrations. The proposed FBG sensor concept reduces the cost of its manufacturing by using a 3D printer to produce the plastic carrier.
I MMUNOLOCALIZATION OF α - E XPANSIN P ROTEIN (N T EXPA5) IN T OBACCO R OOTS IN THE P RESENCE OF THE A RBUSCULAR M YCORRHIZAL F UNGUS G LOMUS MOSSEAE N ICOL. & G ERD.

The arbuscules of mycorrhizae develop within apoplastic compartments of the host plant, as they are separated from the cell protoplast by an interfacial matrix continuous with the plant cell wall. Expansins are proteins that allow cell wall loosening and extension. Using fluorescence and electron microscopy we located the NtEXPA5 epi- topes recognized by polyclonal antibody anti-NtEXPA5 in mycorrhizal tobacco roots. The expansin protein was localized mainly within the interfacial matrix of intracellular hyphae, arbuscule trunk and main branches. NtEXPA5 proteins were detected neither within the interface of collapsing arbuscule branches nor in non-colo-nized cortex cells. In plant cell walls, expansin protein was detected only at the penetration point and in the parts of cell walls that adhered firmly to fungal hyphae growing intracellularly. For the first time, NtEXPA5 protein was localized ultrastructurally in hyphae growing intracellularly at the interface of the hypha tip and sites of bend- ing. The novel localization of NtEXPA5 protein suggests that this protein may be involved in the process of arbuscule formation: that is, in promoting apical hyphal growth and arbuscule ramification, as well as in controlling the dynamic of arbuscule mycorrhiza development.
Acute Inﬂammatory Responses to Stachybotrys chartarum in the Lungs of Infant Rats: Time Course and Possible Mechanisms

Stachybotrys chartarum has been linked to building-related respiratory problems including pulmonary hemorrhage in infants. The macrocyclic trichothecenes produced by S. chartarum have been the primary focus of many investigations. However, in addition to trichothecenes this fungus is capable of producing other secondary metabolites and a number of protein factors. This study examines the effects of intact, autoclaved, and ethanol-extracted spores on the lungs of infant rats as an approach to differentiate between secondary metabolites and protein factors. Seven-day-old infant rats were exposed intratracheally to 1 3 10 5 spores/g body weight (toxic strain JS58-17) and sacriﬁced at various times up to 72 h. The inﬂammatory response was measured by morphometric analysis of the lungs and determination of inﬂammatory cells and cytokine concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) ﬂuid. Alveolar space was greatly reduced in animals exposed to fungal spores compared to phosphate buffered saline (PBS)-treated controls. The largest effects were observed in pups treated with intact spores where alveolar space 24 h after treatment was 42.1% compared to 56.8% for autoclaved spores, 51.1% for ethanol-extracted spores, and 60.6% for PBS-treated controls. The effects of different spore preparations on inﬂammatory cells, cytokine, and protein concentrations in the BAL ﬂuid can be ranked as intact > autoclaved > extracted. Tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNF- a ), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1 b ), and neutrophils were the most sensitive indicators of inﬂammation. The difference between autoclaved (100% trichothecene toxicity, denatured/enzymatically inactive proteins) and intact (100% trichothecene activity, unaltered/re-leased proteins) spores indicates the involvement of fungal proteins in the inﬂammatory response to S. chartarum and sheds new light on the clinical importance of ‘‘nontoxic’’ strains. group. and BAL protein data formation. logarithmic transformation, analysis of variance was performed. All statistical tests were performed using Sigmastat version 2.03 (Jandel Scientiﬁc, San Rafael, CA), and the results were expressed as mean ± SEM and considered statistically signiﬁcant at p < 0.05 probability level.
Yeast Plasmids Resembling 2pLm DNA: Regional Similarities and Diversities at the Molecular Level

The nucleotide sequence of two Zygosaccharomyces plasmids, pSB2 (5,415 base pairs), isolated from Zygosaccharomyces bailii, and pSMl (5,416 base pairs), isolated from Zygosaccharomycesfermentati Naganishi, was determined. The predicted amino acid sequences of open reading frames among six yeast plasmids that resemble 2,um DNA indicated regional sequence similarities among FLP proteins. Greater similarities were seen among Zygosaccharomyces plasmids (pSB2, pSB3, pSRl, and pSM1) than other combinations. A putative recognition site for the FLP enzyme of a Zygosaccharomyces plasmid also showed some conservation, especially in the 4 nucleotides flanking the central spacer region. From comparative studies of the sequences of putative genes of each plasmid, we propose an apparent phylogenetic relationship among yeast plasmids resembling 2,Lm DNA. Among the Zygosaccharomyces plasmids, pSB2 and pSRl are most closely related, since not only were the FLP enzymes of these two plasmids most closely related, but also the amino acid sequence of the putative P gene of pSRl showed clear homology with that of open reading frame B of pSB2.
Intracellular Infection with Modulated After Phagocytosis and During (Naip) Is Expressed in Macrophages and Is The Neuronal Apoptosis Inhibitory Protein

Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular pathogen that causes Legionnaires’ disease in humans. Inbred mouse strains are uniformly resistant to L. pneumophila infection with the notable exception of A/J, where the chromosome 13 locus Lgn1 renders A/J macrophages permissive to L. pneumophila replication. The mouse Lgn1 region is syntenic with the spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) locus on human chromosome 5 and includes several copies of the neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein ( Naip ) gene. We have analyzed a possible link among Lgn1 , Naip, and macrophage function. RNA expression studies show that Naip (mostly copy 2) mRNA transcripts are expressed in macrophage-rich tissues, such as spleen, lung, and liver and are abundant in primary macrophages. Immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation analyses identify Naip protein expression in mouse macrophages and in macrophage cell lines RAW 264.7 and J774A. Interestingly, macrophages from permissive A/J mice express signiﬁcantly less Naip protein than their nonpermissive C57BL/6J counterpart. Naip protein expression is increased after phagocytic events. Naip protein levels during infection with either virulent or avirulent strains of L. pneumophila increase during the ﬁrst 6 h postinfection and remain elevated during the 48-h observation period. This enhanced expression is also observed in macrophages infected with Salmonella typhimurium. Likewise, an increase in Naip protein levels in macrophages is observed 24 h after phagocytosis of Latex beads. The cosegregation of Lgn1 and Naip together with the detected Naip protein expression in host macrophages as well as its modulation after phagocytic events and during intracellular infection make it an attractive candidate for the Lgn1 locus. The Journal of Immunology, this paper: SMA, spinal muscular atrophy; BAC, bacterial artiﬁcial chromosome; BIR, baculovirus inhibition of apoptosis protein repeat; IOD, indexed optical density; MOI, multiplicity of infection; NAIP, neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein; SMN, survival motor neuron; TGC, thioglycolate; YAC,
Prevention Behaviors Fatalistic Beliefs about Cancer Prevention and Three

Background: A substantial proportion of US adults hold fatalistic beliefs about cancer prevention. Although evidence suggests that fatalistic beliefs discourage people from engaging in screening behaviors that can reduce their cancer risk, far less is known about associations between cancer fatalism and other prevention behaviors. We examined sociodemographic correlates of these beliefs and their associations with regular exercise, smoking, and fruit and vegetable consumption with a national sample of American adults. Methods: Data were analyzed from the first wave of the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 2003). HINTS used random-digit dialing to complete phone inter- views with adult Americans ( N = 6,369). Results: Nearly half of respondents (47.1%) agreed that ‘‘It seems like almost everything causes cancer,’’ 27.0% agreed that ‘‘There’s not much people can do to lower their chances of getting cancer,’’ and 71.5% agreed that ‘‘There are so many recommendations about preventing cancer, it’s hard to know which ones to follow. ’’ These beliefs were stronger in subjects who were less educated but generally weaker among both African Americans and Hispanics relative to Whites. Fatalistic beliefs about cancer prevention were negatively associated with exercising weekly, not smoking, and eating five or more fruits and vegetables daily in multivariate analysis controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Conclusions: Americans who hold fatalistic beliefs about cancer prevention may be at greater risk of cancer because they are less likely to engage in various prevention behaviors. Results have notable implications for future cancer communication and education efforts. (Cancer Epi- demiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(5):998–1003)
Data Center Network Structure using Hybrid Optoelectronic Routers

—Large data centers hosting hundreds of thousands of servers have been built to handle huge amounts of data. In a large data center, servers cooperate with each other, and thus the data center network must accommodate a large amount of trafﬁc between servers. However, the energy consumption of large data center networks is a major problem because several large-capacity switches or many conventional switches are required to handle the trafﬁc. A low-energy hybrid optoelectronic router has been proposed to provide high bandwidth between data center servers. The hybrid optoelectronic router has an optical packet switching functionality and packet buffering in the electronic domain. The optical packet switching provides large bandwidth communication between the optical ports. In addition, the router can be directly connected to server racks by its electronic port. The packets from the server racks are stored in an electronic buffer in the router. Then, the packets are converted into optical packets and sent to another router. Finally, when the packets arrive at the router connected to the destination server rack, they are stored in the buffer, converted to electronic packets, and sent to the destination server rack. In this paper, we discuss a data center network structure that contains hybrid optoelectronic routers. We propose a method for constructing a data center network that uses hybrid optoelectronic routers efﬁciently. Furthermore, we discuss the effect of the network structure on the number of routers required to accommodate a large amount of trafﬁc in a mega data center.
Accelerator & Fusion Research Formation of Metal Oxides by Cathodic Arc Deposition

Metal oxide thin films are of interest for a number of applications. Cathodic arc deposition, which is an established and industrially applied technique for the formation of nitrides (e.g. TiN), can also be used for metal oxide thin film formation. A cathodic arc plasma source with the desired cathode material is operated in an oxygen atmosphere of appropriate pressure, and metal oxides of various stoichiometric composition can be formed on different substrates. We report here on a series of experiments on metal oxide formation by cathodic arc deposition for different applications. Black copper oxide has been deposited on accelerator components to increase the radiative heat transfer between the parts. Various metal oxides such as tungsten oxide, niobium oxide, nickel oxide and vanadium oxide have been deposited on ITO glass to form electrochromic films for window applications.
Propagation of a string across the cosmological singularity

Our results concern the transition of a quantum string through the singularity of the compactified Milne (CM) space. We restrict our analysis to the string winding around the compact dimension (CD) of spacetime. The CD undergoes contraction to a point followed by re-expansion. We demonstrate that both the classical and quantum dynamics of the considered string are well defined. Most of the presently available calculations strongly suggest that the singularity of a time-dependent orbifold is useless as a model of the cosmological singularity. We believe that our results bring, to some extent, this claim into question.
Apathy and anhedonia in adult and adolescent users and controls before and during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown

In this study, we show differential associations between cannabis use, and apathy and anhedonia, for adults and adolescents. Adolescent cannabis users had higher levels of anhedonia compared to age-matched controls, whereas adult users had lower levels of apathy and anhedonia compared to age-matched controls. Cannabis dependence was associated with higher levels of apathy and anhedonia within both adult and adolescent users. These results indicate that individual differences within cannabis users may be more important than user status per se, in predicting apathy and anhedonia. We also found that levels of apathy and anhedonia had increased since the onset of the COVID-19 lockdown, and that this increase was larger in dependent compared to non-dependent cannabis users. Our results add to the growing body of evidence on the adverse mental health impact of the COVID-19 lockdown, and highlight groups with potentially increased vulnerability. Abstract Background: COVID-19 lockdown measures have caused severe disruptions to work and education, and prevented people from engaging in many rewarding activities. Cannabis users may be especially vulnerable, having been previously shown to have higher levels of apathy and anhedonia than non-users. Methods: In this survey study, we measured apathy and anhedonia before and after lockdown measures were implemented, in n =256 adult and n =200 adolescent cannabis users, and n =170 adult and n =172 adolescent controls. Scores on the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) and Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) were investigated with mixed measures Analyses of Covariance, with factors User-Group, Age-Group, and Time, controlling for depression, anxiety, and other drug use. Results: Adolescent cannabis users had significantly higher SHAPS scores before lockdown, indicative of greater anhedonia, compared to adolescent controls ( p =.03, η p2 =.013). Contrastingly, adult users had significantly lower scores on both the SHAPS ( p <.001, η p2 =.030) and AES ( p <.001, η p2 =.048) after lockdown, compared to adult controls. Scores on both scales increased during lockdown across groups, and this increase was significantly smaller for cannabis users (AES p =.001, η p2 =.014; SHAPS p =.01, η p2 =.008). Exploratory analyses revealed that dependent cannabis users had significantly higher scores overall (AES p <.001, η p2 =.037; SHAPS p <.001, η p2 =.029), and a larger increase in scores (AES p =.04, η p2 .010; SHAPS p =.04, η p2 =.010), compared to non-dependent users. Conclusions: Our results suggest that adolescents and adults have differential associations between cannabis use, and apathy and anhedonia. Within users, dependence may be associated with higher levels of apathy and anhedonia regardless of age, and a greater increase in levels during