Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Epigenetic Aspect of Gastric Cancer

Genetic susceptibility seems to play an important role in some gastric cancers. In some rare cases, gastric cancer can be one part of familial cancer syndromes. A well-known example is the family of Napoleon since the Emperor himself as well as his father and his grandfather had gastric cancer. Generally, hereditary factors include germline mutations of E-cadherin, APC, p53 or mismatch repair genes like hMLH1 or hMSH2. Gatekeeper genes like Ecadherin and APC encode signaling proteins important to cellular proliferation and differentiation while protein products from caretaker genes like p53 or mismatch repair genes are important to maintain the integrality and fidelity of the genome. In addition to gene mutations, gene polymorphisms have been shown to be associated with the susceptibility of gastric cancer (El-Omar et al., 2000; Persson et al., 2011). Interestingly, most of these genes are encoding proinflammatory cytokines, strongly indicating the importance of inflammation to the initiation and progression of gastric cancer. Environment factors play important roles in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer by affecting the inflammation in the stomach. The infection of Helicobacter pylori is apparently one of the primary risk factors of gastric cancer. In 1994, the World Health Organization and the International Agency for Research on Cancer Consensus group classified H. pylori as a type I carcinogen in human beings. Although numerous studies reported the growth promoting effect of H. pylori or its derived proteins in vitro, no direct evidence about the interaction of H. pylori with cancer initiating or stem cells have been presented. In contrast, accumulating reports indicated that the inflammation induced by H. pylori infection is the key to gastric carcinogenesis. Thus, it was believed that H. pylori infection is the initial step in the stepwise process of gastric carcinogenesis starting from chronic gastritis, gastric atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia to gastric carcinoma. Consistently, diets rich in fruit and vegetables is protective factors of gastric cancer since vitamin C are helpful to attenuate inflammation while inflammation-promoting factors such as smoking, foods with high salts and nitrite could facilitate the development of gastric cancer by promoting chronic inflammation. Microenvironments in chronic inflammatory tissues are rich in growth factors and cytokines important to promote the perpetuation of tumor growth by epigenetically reprogramming cancer stem cells. In addition, there are some DNA damage inducing agents such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) that can cause genomic alterations, promoting the accumulation of mutations in proliferating cancer stem cells (Meira et al., 2008). On the other
Propagation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in Three Dimensional Culture Using Alvetex ® Strata Application Note 2

We have developed a strategy that enables the continuous propagation and maintenance of cells in threedimensional (3D) culture. The technology rel ies on culturing cells continuously on the surface of Alvetex®Strata, a highly porous membrane presented in a well insert format. As proof of concept, we demonstrate the propagation of human pluripotent stem cells in 3D over many passages. We show how these stem cells adapt to their surroundings and acquire a more 3D shape. Such cells appear to become ‘primed’ for growth in 3D and consequently show marked improvements in their developmental potential when subsequently grown in a range of established 3D cell differentiation models.
Periodic orbits in the neighborhood of the triangular equilibrium points in the photogravitational restricted three body problem – Part 1

Objective: To find the periodic orbits using Fourier series expansions around the libration points L4 and L5 in the frame work of planar restricted threebody by considering the more massive primary a source of radiation. Methods/Statistical analysis: Period of the periodic orbits around the libration point L4 is found using the variational equations and function of the two finite masses. The period is independent on the size the orbit. When terms of higher order are retained in the analysis the period depends on the size of the orbit. Findings: The value of the critical mass is found in the photogravitational restricted three–body problem and is shown that the critical mass value corresponding to the small mass increases with the size of the orbit. It is shown that the classes of periodic orbits with infinitesimal limiting orbits L4 exist for values of the small mass greater than the critical mass value μ0. A comparison between these orbits with andwithout radiation pressure ismade. Applications: Periodic orbits can be used to explore small solar system bodies, including asteroids and comets. Perturbation due to solar radiation pressure has to be understood and should be taken care of during human exploration mission.
Introduction

LIBRARY TRENDS, Vol. 63, No. 1, 2014 (“New Perspectives on Intellectual Freedom,” edited by Mark McCallon), pp. 2–10. © 2014 The Board of Trustees, University of Illinois Since the adoption of the Library’s Bill of Rights by the American Library Association (ALA) in 1939, but more especially since its strengthening as the Library Bill of Rights (LBR) in 1948, librarians have come to accept the concept of intellectual freedom as central to the profession. But this acceptance came gradually, as librarians confronted challenges to their professional autonomy in book selection and collection building and as they responded to changes in the social, political, and economic environment. In addressing the ALA conference in 1940, newly appointed Librarian of Congress Archibald MacLeish told librarians that they lacked professional status because they had no consensus on the “social end which librarianship exists to serve” (1940, p. 385). Referring to the worldwide rise of fascism in the 1930s, MacLeish called librarians to become guardians of the values of democracy, to examine how their role facilitated the idea of a government in which an informed electorate makes decisions. He described how he saw that social purpose: “To subject the record of experience to intelligent control so that all parts of the record shall be somewhere deposited; to bring to the servicing of that record the greatest learning and the most responsible intelligence the country can provide; to make available the relevant parts of that record to those who have need of it at the time they have need of it and in a form responsive to their needs” (p. 422). This social role, MacLeish believed, would give librarians a function as noble as that of doctors, lawyers, or ministers (predominantly male professions all)—using their expertise in the service of freedom. It is easy to make the connections between librarians’ growing adherence to a belief in intellectual freedom, even when honored more in the breach than in the observance, with their struggle for professional legitimacy and status (Robbins, 1996.) An earlier Library Trends issue on the LBR (W. Wiegand, 1996) pointed
Localisation des tanins dans la pellicule de baie de raisin

La localisation des taoins dans Ja pellicule de raisin a ete etudiee en combinant les resultats obtenus par deux methodes: observation microscopique (photonique et electronique a transmission), et analyse chimique de differentes fractions obtenues apres isolement des cellules pelliculaires sous forme de protoplastes. Trois grands groupes de tanins ont ainsi ete determinees selon leur localisation: tanins libres dans le suc vacuolaire, visualises sous forme de granules qui augmentent de taille au fur et a mesure que l'on se rapproche de la surface de la pellicule; des tanins lies ont ete mis en evidence dans deux autres localisations: tanins lies aux polysaccharides des parois cellulaires par des liaisons osidiques et tanins lies avec les proteines constitutives de la face interne des membranes vacuolaires. Localization of tannins in grape berry skins The localization of tannins in grape berry skins has been studied by associating results obtained with two methods: light and transmission electron microscopy, and chemical analysis of the fractions obtained after isolation of cells as protoplasts. According to their location, three groups of tannins were determined. The first consists of free tannins in solution in the vacuolar sap (these tannins appear in the form of granules decreasing in size from the skin surface to the pulp). Two other groups are constituted by bound tannins: those bound to the proteins of the internal face of the tonoplast, and those bound to the cell wall polysaccharides by osidic bonds.
Vertical Integration And Innovation In Creative Industries: Evidence From The Video Game Industry

Through the development of new intellectual property, creative industries contribute significantly to the economy. However, research on the effects of vertical integration on intellectual property in these industries is limited. Therefore, this paper focusses on the effects of integration in the video game industry, where publishers acquire developers on a large scale. This paper is an assessment of the effects of integration on the development time and quality of intellectual property. The analysis uses a dataset containing information about integration in the video game industry from different sources, and a web scrape of critic and user scores from Metacritic. This paper finds, using an OLS-regression, that integration is positively related to the quality of intellectual property. Moreover, integration does not harm nor improve efficiency or the quality of radical innovations. Hence, this paper argues in favor of less restrictive policy for integration in creative industries.
Azure-Kinect and Augmented Reality for learning Basic Mathematics - A Case Study

The way in which the human being learns certain complex contents has always been a focus of interest and a challenge for researchers. Given the fact that children's cognitive abilities do not fully develop until a certain age, this topic is particularly important in the young children's learning scope as they do not correctly and easily learn some content of abstract nature, such as contents in math class. This work presents the results of the use of an application called "Mathematics Learning System with Augmented Reality based on Kinect" (SAM-RAK by its acronym in Spanish), which was designed to cover basic topics of mathematics in the Basic General Education level (EGB by its acronym in Spanish) in Ecuador. The research was carried out under an experimental quantitative approach with 30 children (18 girls and 12 boys), who study in third grade of EGB level, from 2 different educational institutions in Riobamba city. In order to obtain the results that evaluate the developed application, a pretest and a post-test were applied, which were contrasted with the student’s t-test for paired samples. The statistical evidence suggests that the proposed computer system had a positive effect on children's performance, when it was used as a support tool in the classroom. The system was more effective in low performance children compared to those of high performance. It was also proved that children were motivated and showed positive attitudes when using the proposed System.
Deep maxima of phytoplankton biomass, primary production and bacterial production in the Mediterranean Sea

Abstract. The deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) is a ubiquitous feature of phytoplankton vertical distribution in stratified waters that is relevant to our understanding of the mechanisms that underpin the variability in photoautotroph ecophysiology across environmental gradients and has implications for remote sensing of aquatic productivity. During the PEACETIME (Process studies at the air-sea interface after dust deposition in the Mediterranean Sea) cruise, carried out from 10 May to 11 June 2017, we obtained 23 concurrent vertical profiles of phytoplankton chlorophyll a, carbon biomass and primary production, as well as heterotrophic prokaryotic production, in the western and central Mediterranean basins. Our main aims were to quantify the relative role of photoacclimation and enhanced growth as underlying mechanisms of the DCM and to assess the trophic coupling between phytoplankton and heterotrophic prokaryotic production. We found that the DCM coincided with a maximum in both the biomass and primary production but not in the growth rate of phytoplankton, which averaged 0.3 d−1 and was relatively constant across the euphotic layer. Photoacclimation explained most of the increased chlorophyll a at the DCM, as the ratio of carbon to chlorophyll a (C:Chl a) decreased from ca. 90–100 (g:g) at the surface to 20–30 at the base of the euphotic layer, while phytoplankton carbon biomass increased from ca. 6 mg C m−3 at the surface to 10–15 mg C m−3 at the DCM. As a result of photoacclimation, there was an uncoupling between chlorophyll a-specific and carbon-specific productivity across the euphotic layer. The ratio of fucoxanthin to total chlorophyll a increased markedly with depth, suggesting an increased contribution of diatoms at the DCM. The increased biomass and carbon fixation at the base of the euphotic zone was associated with enhanced rates of heterotrophic prokaryotic activity, which also showed a surface peak linked with warmer temperatures. Considering the phytoplankton biomass and turnover rates measured at the DCM, nutrient diffusive fluxes across the nutricline were able to supply only a minor fraction of the photoautotroph nitrogen and phosphorus requirements. Thus the deep maxima in biomass and primary production were not fuelled by new nutrients but likely resulted from cell sinking from the upper layers in combination with the high photosynthetic efficiency of a diatom-rich, low-light acclimated community largely sustained by regenerated nutrients. Further studies with increased temporal and spatial resolution will be required to ascertain if the peaks of deep primary production associated with the DCM persist across the western and central Mediterranean Sea throughout the stratification season.
Isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles in Candida albicans

Background: The occurrence of systemic infections due to C. albicans has increased especially in critically ill patients. In fungal infections, secretory mechanisms are key events for disease establishment. Recent findings demonstrate that fungal organisms release many molecular components to the extracellular space in extracellular vesicles.Aims: We develop a method to obtain exosomes from yeast cultures of the Candida albicans.Methods: Yeast strains used in this work were C. albicans SC5314, C. parapsilosis (ATCC 22019) and C. krusei (ATCC 6258). Yeasts were grown at 37. º in liquid YPD medium. The cell cultures were centrifuged and the supernatant filtered through sterile nitrocellulose. Filtrates were concentrated and centrifuged using an ultracentrifuge. The sediment was analyzed by electron microscopy of transmission.Results: The transmission of electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis confirmed the presence of extracellular vesicles (exosomes) of sizes between 100 and 200 nm and the absence of cellular contaminants. This was ratified by the characterization of proteins performed through the western blot technique, where the absence of cell contamination in the preparations was assessed.Conclusions: The method proves to be highly effective due to the homogeneity and purity of the obtained microvesicles. The protocol developed in this paper proves to be effective for obtaining exosomes of other Candida species, which will allow future studies to determine its protein composition and the role that these vesicles can play.
The evolution of the fluvial islets hydrodinamic shape. Applications for Danube's Islets between Giurgiu and Oltenita towns

This paper presents a brief analysis on the fluvial islets hydrodynamic shape. Proposed by the Wyrick (2005) and Wyrick & Klingeman (2011), the hydrodynamic shape criteria refers ”to the subaerial planform shape of the river islets”. According to them, these geomorphological landforms can have a streamlined shape, an angular aspect or irregular shape. Except for the last category, each of the other types has several subtypes. For this case study we selected the fluvial islets from the Danube River, the sector situated between Giurgiu and Oltenita towns. It can be observed that, nowadays (2017) there are five new islets unlike between 1889 and 1916 and most of the river islets have an irregular shape. Also, in the literature it is mentioned that there might be a connection between the shape and age of islets. So, in our study, we applied a Chi-Square Test to check this relation. The results show that there is a possible association between the shape and the age of the Danube's Islets.
Complexities of Polish migrant's citizenship attributions in the context of Brexit and the Scottish Independence Referendums

This article focuses on the experiences of Scotland's largest foreign-born minority group, namely Poles, in the run-up to the Scottish Independence Referendum in 2014 and subsequently the UK's EU Referendum. Through exploring Polish migrant residents initial responses and experiences with regard to both referendums, this article (1) outlines perspectives on blurred and contested boundaries and formations of citizenships and (2) the implications of complex and changing relations between citizenship attributions (e.g. political participation, legal status of citizenship and sense of belonging) on the process of citizenship formation. This article therefore offers a greater understanding of the transformation of traditional state-centric concepts of citizenship rights into the shifting borders and character of citizenship formation during the times of political uncertainties.
191-SPEED-ACCURACY RELATIONSHIP IN BASKETBALL SHOOT

INTRODUCTION Jump shoot is the most important technique in basketball (OKAZAKI et al., 2004a). Three variables determine the efficacy of this motor ability: height, angle and speed of release (MILLER & BARTLETT, 1996, 1993). Great height of release has been suggested to decrease release angle and speed (KNUDSON, 1993). Because, greater release angles causes increase in the generation of speed to propel the ball (BRANCAZIO, 1981). As speed is proportional to movement variability (DARLING & COOKE, 1987; SCHMIDT et al., 1979), minor generation of speed is recommended (KNUDSON, 1993). Thus, the inverse relationship between speed and accuracy has been established. Fitts' Law (1954) has been used to explain and express this inverse relationship between speed and accuracy. However, Fitts' findings had support in laboratories tasks. Thus, the ecological validation of Fitts' findings is diminished, once it does not handle with complex motor tasks such those find in sports (like the jump shoot in basketball). Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the speed-accuracy relationship in the basketball shooting. The analysis of speed-accuracy relationship in basketball shoot may provide subsides in the understanding of this ability. This analysis will also permit to comprehend better the relationship between speed and accuracy in complex motor tasks.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL LOCAL ISO- LATES OF Bacillus thuringiensis ACTIVE AGAINST RED PALM

he gram-positive bacterium B. thuringiensis is well-known as sources of insecticidal proteins, most of which accumulate in crystalline inclusions during sporulation, these parasporal inclusions contain various types of insecticidal crystal protein (ICP). The crystal proteins from B. thuringiensis are among the most successful biological control agents for the suppression of agriculturally and medically important insect pests (Roh et al., 2007), being toxic to the larvae of lepidopteron, dipteran, and coleopteran insects (Johnson et al., 1998), as well as certain hymenoptera, homoptera, and mallophaga, in addition to many nematodes, flatworms, and Sarcomastigophora (Walters and English, 1995; Horak et al., 1996).
Extraction with Map-Reduce Framework and Correlation-based Feature Selection in Lung Cancer Towards Big Data

Background/objectives: To extract nucleus and cytoplasm that intend to optimize features in high-dimensional images such as all types of raw sputum cells. To calculate following features efficiently: Area, Perimeter, Intensity, NC Ratio, and Circularity. Methods/Statistical analysis: To take results in proposed stride, we introduced map-reduce framework for separating similar cells from sputum cell images that have been collected from Microscope lab images with intended magnification and staining. To avoid model learn from irrelevant features, feature selection methods with correlation-based feature selection contributes appropriate features that are then fed for classification. Features here converted to vectors for the estimation of symmetric uncertainty, correlationbased approach. Findings: Performance evaluation metrics checks into the contribution to measure it’s out coming performance. Even though lot of works relied on feature extraction, our work combines feature extraction with map-reduce framework which improves accuracy for classification. Our proposed method makes extraction of nucleus and cytoplasm easier than other methods. Optimized performance assured in proposed feature selection. Novelty/ applications: Eventual accuracy for every feature in proposed stride improves than other existing works. In addition, ROC curves proves higher true positive rate even in increased datasets. Another significant innovation in our work is map-reduce framework applies in images to sort cells with respect to staining. Keywords: Health Care, Correlation, Classification, Big Data, Mapreduce, Sputum.
Operationalizing science literacy: an experimental analysis of measurement

Inequalities in scientific knowledge are the subject of increasing attention, so how factual science knowledge is measured, and any inconsistencies in said measurement, is extremely relevant to the field of science communication. Different operationalizations of factual science knowledge are used interchangeably in research, potentially resulting in artificially comparable knowledge levels among respondents. Here, we present data from an experiment embedded in an online survey conducted in the United States (N = 1,530) that examined the distribution of factual science knowledge responses on a 3vs. 5-point response scale. Though the scale did not impact a summative knowledge index, significant differences emerged when knowledge items were analyzed individually or grouped based on whether the correct response was “true” or “false. ” Our findings emphasize the necessity for communicators to consider the goals of knowledge assessment when making operationalization decisions. Abstract
STUDY ON IN VITRO MICROPROPAGATION OF TARAXACUM OFFICINALE (L.) WEBER EX F.H. WIGG PLANT BY TISSUE CULTURE

Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg plant is an herbal medicinal plant, which suffers from wide limitations when cultivated in the soil, including environmental limitations as well as the low rate of seed germination. In this study, it involved using ovary culture, callus culture and sub-culturing of Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg plant, locally collected from Chonbuk National University Campus, South Korea-Iksan Country. That basal cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, supplemented with different combinations and concentrations of growth regulators (2, 4-D, BAP, NAA and IAA) with registering the obtained response and periods taken until a response to establish a rapid and efficient protocol for in vitro micropropagation of the plantlets.