Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Affected Others Responsivity to Gambling Harm: An International Taxonomy of Consumer-Derived Behaviour Change Techniques

Affected others impacted by someone else’s gambling utilise numerous behaviour change strategies to minimise gambling-related harm but knowledge on what these strategies are and how they are implemented is limited. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive data-driven taxonomy of the types of self-help strategies used by affected others, and to categorize these into high-level behaviour change techniques (BCTs). Two taxonomies were developed using an inductive and deductive approach which was applied to a dataset of online sources and organised into the Rubicon model of action phases. These taxonomies were family-focused (how to reduce the impact of gambling harm on families) and gambler-focused (how to support the gambler in behaviour change). In total, 329 online sources containing 3536 different strategies were identified. The family-focused classification contained 16 BCTs, and the most frequent were professional support, financial management and planned consequences. The gambler-focused classification contained 11 BCTs, and the most frequent were feedback on behaviours, professional support and financial management. The majority of family- and gambler-focused BCTs fell under the actional phase of the Rubicon model. Grounded in lived experience, the findings highlight the need for intervention and resource development that includes a wide range of specific techniques that affected others can utilise.
Destiny or control of one’s future? Fatalistic time perspective and self-esteem in extraverts and introverts

Abstract A sense of control over time and over what is happening in life is highly significant for psychological functioning. The aim of this experiment was to test the effect of fatalistic time perspective on self-esteem in extraverts and introverts. We conducted an experiment in which fatalistic time perspective was induced in participants (N = 104) high and low in extraversion. The experimental group’s task was to put themselves into the situation of the presented character, who exhibited a strongly fatalistic time perspective. The results showed that introverts after the induction of fatalistic time perspective had higher self-esteem than introverts after neutral induction. There was no significant difference in self-esteem between extraverts after the induction of fatalistic time perspective and extraverts after neutral induction. We interpreted the results in the context of the interactive model of fatalism.
Deltex positively regulates Toll signaling in a JNK independent manner in Drosophila

Toll pathway is the center for the function of immune system in both Drosophila and mammals. Toll pathway in Drosophila gets activated upon binding of the ligand Spätzle to the receptor, Toll, triggering a series of proteolytic cascade culminating into the activation of the NF‐κB factors Dorsal and/or Dif (Dorsal‐related immunity factor). Inappropriate activation of the Toll pathway is often associated with systemic inflammation phenotype in the absence of infection, and thus, it is important to understand the regulation of Toll signaling. Deltex (Dx) is a context‐dependent regulator of Notch signaling and has been linked with cell‐mediated immunity in the mammalian system lately. However, the unambiguous role of Dx in humoral and cell‐mediated immunity is yet to be explored. Our study unravels the novel role of Dx in Toll pathway activation. Gain of function of dx in Drosophila larvae results in increased melanotic mass formation and increased lamellocyte production. Our results also reveal the nuclear accumulation of transcription factors Dorsal and Dif and expression of Toll‐associated antimicrobial peptides (AMP) in Dx over‐expression background. Further, we also tried to elucidate the role of Dx in JNK‐independent Toll activation. Here we present Dx as a novel candidate in the regulation of Toll pathway.
An Investigation into the Perceptions of Veterinarians towards Calf Welfare in New Zealand

Simple Summary While developments in animal welfare science have led to a greater understanding of the welfare needs of calves (Bos taurus), there are prevailing concerns that current knowledge has not been adopted in practice. Given that the perceptions of veterinarians have direct implications for the level of welfare protection afforded to calves, this study investigated the current thinking of veterinarians towards the welfare of young calves in New Zealand. Through a nationwide survey, the findings revealed that veterinarians strongly disagreed with the specifications of certain calf welfare regulations. Veterinarians also expressed diverse concerns for the potential risks of calf welfare compromise across the production chain and identified multiple barriers to implementing welfare-related change. The findings indicate considerable support among veterinarians for strengthening the level of welfare protection afforded to calves in New Zealand. Given the asymmetries that exist between the current regulatory framework and veterinary perspectives, the findings suggest that more needs to be done to improve calf welfare in New Zealand. Abstract Despite recent legislative amendments to address areas of highest risk to the welfare of calves (Bos taurus) in New Zealand, there are prevailing concerns that animal welfare science knowledge has not been adopted in practice. As a part of a larger, nationwide study investigating the perceptions of veterinarians towards calf welfare, the aim of the current work was to investigate the perceptions of veterinarians towards the level of welfare protection afforded to young “bobby” calves in New Zealand. This study also explored concerns for welfare compromise and identified barriers to welfare-related change for calves more generally. An electronic mixed-methods survey was completed by 104 veterinarians registered with the Veterinary Council of New Zealand. The findings revealed that veterinarians strongly disagreed with the specifications of certain calf welfare regulations. Veterinarians also identified areas at highest risk of calf welfare compromise across the production chain and barriers to welfare-related change. These findings demonstrate considerable support among veterinarians for improving the level of welfare protection afforded to calves. Given the discrepancies that exist between the current regulatory regime and veterinary perspectives, the knowledge gained from this study can be used in support of regulatory reform to strengthen calf welfare in practice and policy in New Zealand.
MET currents and otoacoustic emissions from mice with a detached tectorial membrane indicate the extracellular matrix regulates Ca2+ near stereocilia

The aim was to determine whether detachment of the tectorial membrane (TM) from the organ of Corti in Tecta/Tectb−/− mice affects the biophysical properties of cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs). Tecta/Tectb−/− mice have highly elevated hearing thresholds, but OHCs mature normally. Mechanoelectrical transducer (MET) channel resting open probability (Po) in mature OHC is ∼50% in endolymphatic [Ca2+], resulting in a large standing depolarizing MET current that would allow OHCs to act optimally as electromotile cochlear amplifiers. MET channel resting Po in vivo is also high in Tecta/Tectb−/− mice, indicating that the TM is unlikely to statically bias the hair bundles of OHCs. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), a readout of active, MET‐dependent, non‐linear cochlear amplification in OHCs, fail to exhibit long‐lasting adaptation to repetitive stimulation in Tecta/Tectb−/− mice. We conclude that during prolonged, sound‐induced stimulation of the cochlea the TM may determine the extracellular Ca2+ concentration near the OHC's MET channels.
Investigation of sphingosine kinase 1 inhibitory potential of cinchonine and colcemid targeting anticancer therapy

Abstract Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling regulates numerous diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and inflammation-related ailments, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. The importance of SphK1 in chemo-resistance has been extensively explored in breast, lung, colon, and hepatocellular carcinomas. SphK1 is considered an attractive drug target for the development of anticancer therapy. New drug molecules targeting the S1P signaling are required owing to its pleiotropic nature and association with multiple downstream targets. Here, we have investigated the binding affinity and SphK1 inhibitory potential of cinchonine and colcemid using a combined molecular docking and simulation studies followed by experimental analysis. These compounds bind to SphK1 with a significantly high affinity and subsequently inhibit kinase activity (IC50 7–9 μM). Further, MD simulation studies revealed that both cinchonine and colcemid bind to the residues at the active site pocket of SphK1 with several non-covalent interactions, which may be responsible for inhibiting its kinase activity. Besides, the binding of cinchonine and colcemid causes substantial conformational changes in the structure of SphK1. Taken together, cinchonine and colcemid may be implicated in designing potential drug molecules with improved affinity and specificity for SphK1 targeting anticancer therapy. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
The aortic-femoral arterial stiffness gradient: an atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study

Background: The aortic to femoral arterial stiffness gradient (af-SG) may be a novel measure of arterial health and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but its association with CVD risk factors and CVD status, and whether or not they differ from the referent measure, carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity (cfPWV), is not known. Method: Accordingly, we compared the associations of the af-SG and cfPWV with (i) age and traditional CVD risk factors and (ii) CVD status. We evaluated 4183 older-aged (75.2 ± 5.0 years) men and women in the community-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. cfPWV and femoral-ankle PWV (faPWV) were measured using an automated cardiovascular screening device. The af-SG was calculated as faPWV divided by cfPWV. Associations of af-SG and cfPWV with age, CVD risk factors (age, BMI, blood pressure, heart rate, glucose and blood lipid levels) and CVD status (hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke) were determined using linear and logistic regression analyses. Results: (i) the af-SG and cfPWV demonstrated comparable associations with age and CVD risk factors, except BMI. (ii) a low af-SG was associated with diabetes, coronary heart disease, heart failure and stroke, whilst a high cfPWV was only associated with diabetes. Conclusion: Although future studies are necessary to confirm clinical utility, the af-SG is a promising tool that may provide a unique picture of hemodynamic integration and identification of CVD risk when compared with cfPWV.
Co‐delivery of cisplatin and oleanolic acid by silica nanoparticles‐enhanced apoptosis and reverse multidrug resistance in lung cancer

Multidrug resistance (MDR) of chemotherapy is one of the significant concerns in cancer therapy. Here in our study, cisplatin (DDP) and oleanolic acid (OA) were co‐loaded in mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Nsi) to construct DDP/OA‐Nsi and solve the DDP‐resistance in lung cancer therapy. The cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays demonstrated that in DDP‐resistant A549/DDP cells, the cytotoxicity of DDP/OA‐Nsi was significantly higher than that of free DDP or DDP single delivery system (DDP‐Nsi). The intracellular drug accumulation study revealed that the intracellular DDP concentration in the DDP/OA‐Nsi group was also higher than that in free DDP and DDP‐Nsi groups. In the A549/DDP xenograft tumor model, DDP/OA‐Nsi showed the best anticancer effect. In summary, DDP/OA‐Nsi was a promising drug delivery system to solve MDR in lung cancer therapy.
Evaluating Readability Scores of Treatment Summaries and Cancer Survivorship Care Plans

PURPOSE: Treatment Summaries and Survivorship Care Plans (TS/SCPs) may be difficult for patients to comprehend because of readability, magnitude of information, and complex medical verbiage. METHODS: Readability scores were calculated for TS/SCP templates including ASCO, Oncolink, Journey Forward, and the authors' institution. The Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) index, Flesch-Kincaid reading grade level, Coleman-Liau Index, and Gunning Fog index were used to assess readability. RESULTS: The Flesch-Kincaid reading ease scores for the blank ASCO templates ranged from 47.4 to 53.3, requiring a reading grade level of 10-12. Coleman-Liau and Gunning Fog scores showed that an 11th grade reading level is essential, and SMOG required a college education to comprehend the ASCO templates. For the colorectal case exemplar, Oncolink's template resulted in the lowest SMOG score (11.3; 11th grade), Flesch-Kincaid reading grade level (11; 11th grade), and Coleman-Liau score (12; 12th grade). Journey Forward's TS/SCP template scored the highest on the SMOG (21.2; college graduate), Flesch-Kincaid reading grade level (18.3; college graduate), and Gunning-Fog index (25.8; college graduate) compared with other TS/SCPs. CONCLUSION: The existing TS/SCP templates used by US cancer centers are written at a grade level beyond the comprehension of most adults. Cancer care teams should assess TS/SCP content for readability and use of plain language and reduce medical jargon.
Shared paternal ancestry of Han, Tai-Kadai-speaking, and Austronesian-speaking populations as revealed by the high resolution phylogeny of O1a-M119 and distribution of its sub-lineages within China.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this research was to explore the origin, diversification, and demographic history of O1a-M119 over the past 10,000 years, as well as its role during the formation of East Asian and Southeast Asian populations, particularly the Han, Tai-Kadai-speaking, and Austronesian-speaking populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Y-chromosome sequences (n = 141) of the O1a-M119 lineage, including 17 newly generated in this study, were used to reconstruct a revised phylogenetic tree with age estimates, and identify sub-lineages. The geographic distribution of 12 O1a-M119 sub-lineages was summarized, based on 7325 O1a-M119 individuals identified among 60,009 Chinese males. RESULTS A revised phylogenetic tree, age estimation, and distribution maps indicated continuous expansion of haplogroup O1a-M119 over the past 10,000 years, and differences in demographic history across geographic regions. We propose several sub-lineages of O1a-M119 as founding paternal lineages of Han, Tai-Kadai-speaking, and Austronesian-speaking populations. The sharing of several young O1a-M119 sub-lineages with expansion times less than 6000 years between these three population groups supports a partial common ancestry for them in the Neolithic Age; however, the paternal genetic divergence pattern is much more complex than previous hypotheses based on ethnology, archeology, and linguistics. DISCUSSION Our analyses contribute to a better understanding of the demographic history of O1a-M119 sub-lineages over the past 10,000 years during the emergence of Han, Austronesians, Tai-Kadai-speaking populations. The data described in this study will assist in understanding of the history of Han, Tai-Kadai-speaking, and Austronesian-speaking populations from ethnology, archeology, and linguistic perspectives in the future.
Dysregulation of Ki-67 Expression in T Cells of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by behavioral abnormalities such as impairments in social function and deficits in communication. The etiology of autism is unknown in most cases, but many studies have pointed towards the immune system as a causative agent in autism. Specific studies implicated lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, monocytes, cytokines, and specific transcription factors in the development of ASD. The protein Ki-67 is n expressed in the proliferating cells and is used as a tool in several disorders. Ki-67 plays a crucial role in many neurological diseases. However, Ki-67 role in ASD is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the possible role of Ki-67 expression in autistic children. We compared Ki-67 production in CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CXCR4+, CXCR7+, CD45R+, HLA-DR+, GATA3+, Helios+, and FOXP3+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in autistic children to typically developing (TD) controls using immunofluorescence staining. We also determined Ki-67 mRNA levels in PBMCs using RT–PCR. The results revealed that autistic children had significantly increased numbers of CD3+Ki-67+, CD4+Ki-67+, CD8+Ki-67+, CXCR4+Ki-67+, CXCR7+Ki-67+, CD45R+Ki-67+, HLA-DR+Ki-67+, CXCR4+GATA3+, GATA3+Ki-67+ cells and decreased Helios+Ki-67+ and FOXP3+Ki-67+ cells compared with TD controls. In addition, the autistic children showed upregulation of Ki-67 mRNA levels compared with TD controls. Further studies need to be carried out to assess the exact role of Ki-67 and its therapeutic potential in ASD.
Synergistic Effects of Propolis Combined with 2-Phenoxyethanol and Antipyretics on the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus

The present investigation aimed to assess the combinational effect of commonly used antipyretics and antiseptics with ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEPs) on the growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus. The broth microdilution checkerboard assay revealed synergistic interactions between all investigated antipyretics, namely acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen, with EEPs samples. The values of the fractional inhibitory concentration (ΣFIC) index for all these combinations were <0.5. While, in the case of considered antiseptics, namely chlorhexidine, octenidine dihydrochloride, and 2-phenoxyethanol, the positive interaction was confirmed only for the last one (values of ΣFIC in the range 0.0625–0.25). Combinations of two other agents with all four samples of EEPs resulted in an important antagonistic effect (values of ΣFIC ≥ 4.5). Propolis is mostly dedicated to the treatment of skin/wound infections; thus, these findings are of particular practical importance. The outcomes of the study also support the hypothesis that the propolis’s antimicrobial effect is due to the combined (synergistic) action of several ingredients rather than the presence of one component of high antibacterial activity. The composition of 13 ingredients of EEPs (at a concentration below the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of the most active agent) exhibited considerably high anti-staphylococcal efficiency with MIC = 128 µg/mL.
The Utility of Transcranial Doppler in Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review of Cerebral Physiologic Metrics.

Since its creation in the 1980's Transcranial Doppler (TCD) has provided a method of non-invasively monitoring cerebral physiology and has become an invaluable tool in neurocritical care. In this narrative review, we examine the role TCD has in the management of the moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patient. We examine the principles of TCD and the ways in which it has been applied to gain insight into cerebral physiology following TBI as well as explore the clinical evidence supporting these applications. Its usefulness as a tool to non-invasively determine intracranial pressure (ICP), detect post-traumatic vasospasm (PTVS), predict patient outcome, and assess the state of cerebral autoregulation are all explored.
Large d33 in (K,Na)(Nb,Ta,Sb)O3-(Bi,Na,K)ZrO3 lead-free ceramics

To protect the environment and human health, it is necessary to develop high-performance lead-free piezoceramics to replace the lead-based ones in some electronic devices. Here we report first a large piezoelectricity in (K,Na)NbO3-based lead-free piezoceramics prepared by the conventional solid-state method. The rhombohedral–tetragonal phase boundary is observed in the ceramics with a composition of 0.04 ≤ x ≤ 0.06. Those ceramics with 0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.06 possess a good comprehensive performance of d33 (380–460 pC N−1) and TC (170–287 °C). Moreover importantly, a peak d33 of ∼460 pC N−1 is shown in the ceramic with x = 0.04, which is superior to all other reported results of KNN-based ceramics, including the reported results by Saito et al. (Nature, 2004, 432, 84). We believe that such a material system is a very promising candidate for potassium–sodium niobate piezoceramics.
Social norms in adolescent risk engagement and recommendation.

Social influence is an important determinant of adolescent risk-taking, but little is known about how social norms contribute to adolescents' tendency to recommend and engage in risky behaviours. Using the Adolescent Risk-taking Questionnaire, we assessed subjects' (n = 198, age = 10-26) propensity to engage in and recommend risk-taking as well as their perception of risk norms. Adolescents recommended risk-taking more often compared to children and young adults. Perceived social norms were the most important factor predicting engagement in risky behaviours, and adolescents perceived risk-taking to be more normative than children or adults. Our findings highlight two mechanisms that contribute to adolescent risk-taking, active recommendation and perceived social norms. On this basis, we discuss potential means to attenuate excessive adolescent risk-taking.
KV1.3 channels are novel determinants of macrophage‐dependent endothelial dysfunction in angiotensin II‐induced hypertension in mice

KV1.3 channels are expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), where they contribute to proliferation rather than contraction and participate in vascular remodelling. KV1.3 channels are also expressed in macrophages, where they assemble with KV1.5 channels (KV1.3/KV1.5), whose activation generates a KV current. In macrophages, the KV1.3/KV1.5 ratio is increased by classical activation (M1). Whether these channels are involved in angiotensin II (AngII)‐induced vascular remodelling, and whether they can modulate the macrophage phenotype in hypertension, remains unknown. We characterized the role of KV1.3 channels in vascular damage in hypertension.
Lipoprotein(a) and Hyperinsulinemia in Healthy Normal-weight, Prepubertal Mexican Children

ABSTRACT Background. Given the numerous gaps in our knowledge about the biological interactions of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], we determined whether Lp(a) was associated with hyperinsulinemia in healthy normal-weight, prepubertal children. Methods. A total of 131 healthy normal-weight Mexican children aged 6 to 9 years at Tanner stage 1 who were born appropriate for gestational age were enrolled in a case–control study. Children with hyperinsulinemia were allocated into the case group (n = 32), and children with normal insulin levels were allocated into the control group (n = 99). Birth weight, age, and body mass index were matching criteria. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to compute the odds ratio (OR) between Lp(a) and both hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. Furthermore, a multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between Lp(a) and both insulin levels and HOMA-IR. Both models were adjusted by sex, age, birth weight, and body mass index. Results. The median (25–75 percentile) serum levels of Lp(a) [20.0 (13.7–29.6) versus 14.6 (10.6–26.7) mg/dL, p = . 003] and insulin [24.5 (6.0–30) versus 7.9 (4.3–9.0) µU/L, p < . 0005] were higher in the case group than in the control group. The logistic regression analysis showed that Lp(a) was associated with hyperinsulinemia (OR 5.86; 95%CI 2.5–13.6, p < .0005) and insulin resistance (OR 2.01; 95%CI 1.1–9.9, p = .004). In addition, the linear regression analysis showed a significant association between serum Lp(a) and insulin levels (β 11.1; 95%CI 1.8–10.9, p < .0001) and the HOMA-IR index (β 2.606; 95%CI 2.3–2.9, p < .0005). Conclusion. Lp(a) was associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in healthy normal-weight, prepubertal children.