Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Mission Suitability of the NASA Ames Modular Common Bus

The obvious advantages of small spacecraft - their lower cost structure and the rapid development schedule - have enabled a large number of missions in the past. However, most of these missions have been focused on Earth observation from low Earth orbits. In 2006, the Small Spacecraft Division at the NASA Ames Research Center began the development of the Modular Common Bus, a spacecraft capable of delivering scientifically and technically useful payloads to a variety of destinations within 0.1 AU around the Earth. The core technologies used in the Common Bus design are a composite structure with body-mounted solar cells, an integrated avionics unit, and a high performance bipropellant propulsion system. Due to its modular approach, the Common Bus can be adapted to fit specific mission needs while still using a standardized and qualified set of components. Additionally a number of low cost launch vehicles are supported, resulting in overall mission costs of around $150M including the launch vehicle but excluding the science payloads. This significant reduction in cost and the shorter development time would enable NASA to conduct more frequent exploration missions within its budget and timeframe constraints, compared to the status quo. In this paper the suitability of the Common Spacecraft Bus for four different exploration scenarios is analyzed. These scenarios include a lunar orbiter, a lunar lander, a mission to a Sun-Earth Libration Point, and a rendezvous mission to a Near Earth Object. For each scenario, a preliminary design reference mission is developed and key design parameters for the spacecraft are determined.
Becoming Transcultural: Filling The Cultural And Communication Gap Within The Black American Community

The purpose of this study is to define transculturalism by exploring the Black experience through collectivism/individualism, Black identity and the ability to be transcultural. The study included 83 male and female Black American, college students, graduate students and college graduates. The participants answered a 4-part survey that measured collectivism/individualism, Black identity, the ability to be transcultural and minority hardships. Results revealed that the Pre-encounter, Immersion, Emersion and Internalization phases of Black identity are predictors of minority hardships. There were also significant results for the Internalization phase of Black identity and the ability to be transcultural. In conclusion, Black Americans that are secure with their identity have the ability to become transcultural.
Automatic Classification of News Articles in Spanish U .

We apply machine learning techniques to the automatic classification of news articles from the local newspaper La Capital of Rosario, Argentina. The corpus (LCC) is an archive of approximately 75,000 manually categorized articles in Spanish published in 1991. We benchmark on LCC three widely used supervised learning methods: k-Nearest Neighbors, Naı̈ve Bayes and Artificial Neural Networks, illustrating the corpus properties.
ALIGNMENT OF CONTENT, PREREQUISITES AND EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES: TOWARDS AUTOMATED MAPPING OF DIGITAL LEARNING RESOURCES

The emergence of Technology Enhanced Learning environments has led to the continual growth of the availability of digital educational resources. In this paper, the potential of enabling their reuse into student-centric services – such as recommender systems or adaptive tutoring tools – is discussed through the proposal and comparison of procedures for automatically detecting the mutual relatedness among learning objects. Since the choice of the similarity measure is fundamental for clustering digital materials, this paper addresses the investigation on two distinct approaches: the content-based semantic similarity, compared to the closeness measure on natural language descriptions of metadata – namely prerequisites and educational objectives. The analysis is conducted on a collection of mathematical problems, equipped with metadata which facilitate their retrieval in Virtual Learning Environments, created by Secondary School teachers with the support of University experts. Natural Language Processing techniques are exploited for extracting relevant information from the metadata, while the developments in the emergent field of Mathematical Language Processing are proposed for the treatment of mathematical expressions included in the resources. The distinct similarity measures presented are examined considering the compared results, and their correlation is evaluated. This study is intended to be the first step towards the definition of a model for structuring shared materials available in disciplinary repositories of virtual communities. This model will be used for implementing a system for the delivery of learning objects trajectories on a digital map automatically generated. The system’s efficacy will be tested through its integration to a Learning Management System hosting secondary school classrooms’ courses. The research is part of a PhD in Pure and Applied Mathematics in apprenticeship, conducted in partnership with leading providers of software based on Computer Algebra System engine.
Keratins provide virus-dependent protection or predisposition to injury in coxsackievirus-induced pancreatitis

: Keratins 8 and 18 (K8/K18) are the two major intermediate filament proteins in hepatocytes and pancreatic acinar cells. Acinar cell keratins are organized as cytoplasmic and api-colateral filaments. An important role of hepatocyte K8/K18 is to maintain cellular integrity, while this cytoprotective function of K8/K18 is not evident in the pancreas since keratin-deficient mice cope well with pancreatitis models. To further study the roles of keratins in the exocrine pancreas, we used coxsackievirus B4-models, CVB4-V and CVB4-P, to induce severe acute/chronic pancreatitis and acute pancreatitis, respectively, in K8-null (which lack acinar keratins) and K18-null (which lack cytoplasmic keratins) mice. Despite similar virus titers in all mice, CVB4-V resulted in 40% mortality of the K8-null mice 14 days post-infection compared to no lethality of WT and K18-null mice. In contrast, K8-null mice were far less susceptible to CVB4-P-induced damage as determined by histology and serology analysis, and they recover faster than WT and K18-null mice. After CVB4 virus infection, keratins aggregated during acinar degranulation, and K8/K18 site-specific phosphorylation was observed during degranulation and recovery. Hence, keratins significantly affect CVB4 virulence, positively or negatively, depending on the virus subtype and keratin makeup, in a virus replication-independent manner.
Page 1 of 23 Anyone’s best friend: A qualitative exploration of the positive influences of animal assisted therapy on mental health and well-being

Animal assisted therapy is becoming a widely used alternative psychotherapy. Research has shown animals to have positive influences on the physical, emotional, social and psychological aspects of the human psyche. This study explored the positive influences animal assisted therapies had on mental health and psychological well-being. In this study, animal assisted therapy acted as an umbrella term for the variations of animals used such equine assisted therapy and therapy dogs. Participants were registered counsellors who utilised the therapy. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, focusing on participants’ observations and experiences using animal assisted therapies with their clients. Thematic analysis produced four themes; Connection, Present Moment, Personal Growth and Freedom & Flexibility. Despite this study providing support for the effectiveness of animal assisted therapy, further research is needed to propel this alternative method forward. Animal assisted therapy has proven flexible enough to be embedded into current and widely used therapy techniques such as Cognitive Behavioural therapy. The popularity and successes of animal assisted therapies in the United States suggests that more attention needed to increase the work which has started here in the UK.
The level of aggression syndrome and a type of practised combat sport

1 University of Physical Education & Sport, Department of Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Gdansk, Poland 2 Polish Olympic Committee, Medical Commission, Poland 3 University of Physical Education & Sport, Department of Sports Game & Martial Arts, Institute of Basketball, Gdansk, Poland 4 University of Physical Education & Sport, Department of Sports Game, Institute of Handball, Warsaw, Poland 5 University of Physical Education & Sport, Department of Individual Sports, Institute of Swimming, Gdansk, Poland 6 Polish Olympic Committee, Medical Commission, Olympic Psychologist Team, Poland
Effects of land related factors on child labour in agriculture: evidences from Peru

This study analyzes the relationships occurring between household characteristics, children individual factors, community/rural context, and their effect on agricultural child labour in Peru. In particular, land related factors were explicitly taken into account. In Peru the majority of child workers are engaged in farming systems characterized by great heterogeneity. Data used in this research derives from the 2013 Peruvian National Household Survey. A child labour supply model shows that a strict relation exists between land related factors and child labour in agriculture, both in terms of its incidence and intensity. Moreover, this relation changes according to land size patterns likely related to different agricultural systems. Policy makers should take in count the complex relationship between land and child labour especially with respect to child labour eradication and other development program that could directly and indirectly increase child productivity in agriculture as well as labour demand and supply.
Technological complex for production, transportation and storage of gas from the offshore gas and gas hydrates fields

This work has become possible due to financial and organizational support within the frames of the state budget research project under the auspices of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine “Application of gas hydrate technology in the development of traditional and gas hydrate gas deposits” No 0113U00857, “Research of influence of thermodynamic parameters of phase transitions in systems with gas hydrates on the efficiency of gas hydrate technology” No 0115U002420. The authors express their gratitude to the supervisor of these projects – Doctor of Sciences, Professor, Head of the Underground Mining Department at the National Mining University (Dnipropetrovsk) Volodymyr Bondarenko for his support in conducting the research.
EPI-Retractable Modules and Some Applications

Generalizing concepts "right Bezout " and "principal right ideal " of a ring R to modules, an R-module M is called n-epi- retractable (resp. epi-retractable) if every n-generated submodule (resp. submodule) of MR is a homomorphic image of M. It is shown that if MR is finitely generated quasi-projective 1-epi-retractable, then EndR(M) is a right Bezout (resp. principal right ideal) ring if and only if MR is n-epi-retractable for all n 1 (resp. epi- retractable). For a ring R and an infinite ordinal | R|, the R- module M = F N is epi-retractable where F is a free R-module with a basis set of cardinality and N is a -generated R-module with . A ring R is quasi Frobenius if every injective R-module is epi-retractable. Injective modules in (NR) are epi-retractable for every N 2 (MR) if and only if every non-zero factor ring of S is a quasi Frobenius ring where S is an endomorphism ring of a progenerator in (MR)
Evaluations of Three-Dimensional Building Model Reconstruction from LiDAR Point Clouds and Single-View Perspective Imagery

This paper briefly presents two approaches for effective three-dimensional (3D) building model reconstruction from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data and single perspective view imagery and assesses their applicability to the reconstruction of 3D models of landmark or historical buildings. The collected LiDAR point clouds are registered based on conjugate points identified using a seven-parameter transformation system. Three dimensional models are generated using plan and surface fitting algorithms. The proposed single-view reconstruction (SVR) method is based on vanishing points and single-view metrology. More detailed models can also be generated according to semantic analysis of the facade images. Experimental results presented in this paper demonstrate that both TLS and SVR approaches can successfully produce accurate and detailed 3D building models from LiDAR point clouds or different types of single-view perspective images.
A Case Study on Accessibility of School in Tribal Areas and Its Implications on Educational Inclusiveness

Schools accessibility has been areas of concern for the development and proliferation of the education system in any developing nation. India is no exception to the same. Since the time India gained independence efforts have been made to provide inclusiveness in the dissemination of educational facilities across the nation. However, geographical characteristics of the place and the lack of development of basic infrastructural facilities have often hindered the learner from coming to the learning centre (school). This case study is one such review of the role played by accessibility in increase of school attendance at two blocks of Betul district of Madhya Pradesh in central India. Similar topography and other factors are prominent in other parts of India so, the suggestions in the case study can be replicated in other areas as well. Keywords: Education system, Accessibility, Scheduled Tribes, Community Participation.
The Eigen Distribution of an AND-OR Tree under Directional Algorithms

Consider a probability distribution d on the truth assignments to a perfect binary AND-OR tree. Liu and Tanaka (2007) extends the work of Saks and Wigderson (1986), and they characterize the eigen-distribution, the distribution achieving the equilibrium, as the uniform distribution on the 1-set (the set of all reluctant assignments for which the root has the value 1). We show that the uniqueness of the eigen-distribution fails provided that we restrict ourselves to directional algorithms. An alpha-beta pruning algorithm is said to be directional (Pearl, 1980) if for some linear ordering of the leaves (Boolean variables) it never selects for examination a leaf situated to the left of a previously examined leaf. We also show that the following weak version of the Liu-Tanaka result holds for the situation where only directional algorithms are considered; a distribution is eigen if and only if it is a distribution on the 1-set such that the cost does not depend on an associated deterministic algorithm.
PEER AND TEACHER PREFERENCE, STUDENT–TEACHER RELATIONSHIPS, STUDENT ETHNICITY, AND PEER VICTIMIZATION IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

This research was supported, in part, by a grant from the National Institute for Mental Health (5R44MH07071-03) awarded to Dr. Melissa E. DeRosier. Additional support comes from an Institute of Education Sciences post-doctoral fellowship training award to the University of Florida (R324B1200002). The research was conducted at 3-C Institute. The authors thank the staff and students of the Wake County Public School System in North Carolina for their cooperation and support in the implementation of this research project. In addition, the authors thank Drs. Janey McMillen, Natalie O'Brian, and Melanie Wilson for their invaluable efforts as project coordinators, as well as the many interns of the 3-C Institute for their assistance in successfully completing this research project.
Optical Huygens' Metasurfaces with Independent Control of the Magnitude and Phase of the Local Reflection Coefficients

Implementation of abrupt phase discontinuities along a surface has been the theme of recent research on electromagnetic metasurfaces. Simple functionalities such as reflecting, refracting, or focusing plane waves have been demonstrated with devices featuring phase discontinuities, but optical surfaces allowing independent magnitude and phase control on the scattered waves have yet to emerge. In this paper, we propose the first true optical Huygens’ surface, which explicitly utilizes orthogonal electric and magnetic responses to realize total control on an optical surface’s local reflection coefficients. This extends the functionality of metasurfaces to an unprecedented level. We first demonstrate that a nanorod gap-surface plasmon resonator can act as a Huygens’ source. Thereafter, by properly tuning and rotating these resonators, we realize arbitrary reflection optical metasurfaces—surfaces for which the local reflection coefficients can be independently tailored in both magnitude and phase. We demonstrate the versatility of this approach through designs of a metasurface that asymmetrically reflects two copolarized beams and a Dolph-Tschebyscheff optical reflectarray.
Arabidopsis AtSPL 14 , a plant-specific SBP-domain transcription factor , participates in plant development and sensitivity to fumonisin B 1

The recessive Arabidopsis thaliana fumonisin B1-resistant (fbr6) mutant was identified by its ability to survive in the presence of a programmed cell death (PCD)-inducing fungal toxin FB1. The fbr6 mutant also displays altered plant architecture in the absence of FB1, most notably elongated petioles and enhanced leaf margin serration. These phenotypes are a result of a T-DNA insertion in the SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein (SBP) domain gene, AtSPL14. AtSPL14 encodes a plant-specific protein with features characteristic of a transcriptional regulator, including a nuclear localization signal sequence, a plant-specific DNA binding domain (the SBP box), and a protein interaction motif (ankyrin repeats). A transiently expressed fusion of the AtSPL14 protein to green fluorescent protein is directed to the plant nucleus. DNA sequences immediately upstream of the translation start site direct expression of the β-glucuronidase reporter gene primarily in the vascular tissues, consistent with the phenotypes of the fbr6 mutant. AtSPL14 activates transcription in yeast, with a transactivation domain residing within the N-terminal region of the protein. Recombinant AtSPL14 protein binds A. thaliana genomic DNA in vitro in the absence of other proteins. These results indicate that FBR6/SPL14 functions as a transcriptional regulator that plays a role not only in sensitivity to FB1, but also in the development of normal plant architecture.
An effective DE algorithm for hybrid flow shop load balancing scheduling problem

In this paper, an improved DE algorithm called double population self-adaptive differential evolution (DPSADE) algorithm is used to solve the hybrid flow shop load balancing scheduling problem (HFS-LBSP) which combines a novel double population cooperative evolution mechanism with a special self-adaptive parameter adjusting strategy. A mathematical model in which the weighted summation of the processing time load balancing cost and the total parallel machine waiting time is set as load balancing comprehensive evaluation index is formulated for this problem. In the last, The comparison between DPSADE and DE, SADE demostrates the effectiveness of DPSADE in solving HFS-LBSP.
Incentivizing Cadaver Organ Donors: How to Increase the Supply of Cadaver Organ Donors among Residents of Illinois Wesleyan University

Over 6,500 individuals died in 2012 waiting for an organ transplant in the United States. In the context of economics, this phenomenon is called a shortage, and in the world of the affected, this shortage is the difference between life and death. Ever since the passage of the National Organ Transplant Act (NOTA), which prohibits the sale of organs for human transplantation, economists, philosophers, public policy experts, religious leaders, and others have debated the ethical and effective standing of the law. Increasing the supply of organs by introducing monetary incentives to donors (suppliers) is a recent development in the field of economics. The concept has met resistance on ethical and empirical grounds. Regarding ethics, the use of monetary incentives has been criticized for potentially victimizing the poor, leading to the advancement of a black market, and removing the critical role of altruism within society. This paper does not undermine these valid concerns, and it recognizes the importance for the ethical debate. In fact, a small portion of this paper is devoted to these considerations. However, the majority of the paper focuses on empirical findings as they relate to the supply of organ donations. This article is available in The Park Place Economist: http://digitalcommons.iwu. edu/parkplace/vol23/iss1/15
When zero doesn't mean it and other geomathematical mischief

There is almost not a case in exploration geology, where the studied data doesn’t includes below detection limits and/or zero values, and since most of the geological data responds to lognormal distributions, these “zero data” represent a mathematical challenge for the interpretation. We need to start by recognizing that there are zero values in geology. For example the amount of quartz in a foyaite (nepheline syenite) is zero, since quartz cannot co-exists with nepheline. Another common essential zero is a North azimuth, however we can always change that zero for the value of 360°. These are known as “Essential zeros”, but what can we do with “Rounded zeros” that are the result of below the detection limit of the equipment? Amalgamation, e.g. adding Na2O and K2O, as total alkalis is a solution, but sometimes we need to differentiate between a sodic and a potassic alteration. Pre-classification into groups requires a good knowledge of the distribution of the data and the geochemical characteristics of the groups which is not always available. Considering the zero values equal to the limit of detection of the used equipment will generate spurious distributions, especially in ternary diagrams. Same situation will occur if we replace the zero values by a small amount using non-parametric or parametric techniques (imputation). The method that we are proposing takes into consideration the well known relationships between some elements. For example, in copper porphyry deposits, there is always a good direct correlation between the copper values and the molybdenum ones, but while copper will always be above the limit of detection, many of the molybdenum values will be “rounded zeros”. So, we will take the lower quartile of the real molybdenum values and establish a regression equation with copper, and then we will estimate the “rounded” zero values of molybdenum by their corresponding copper values. The method could be applied to any type of data, provided we establish first their correlation dependency. One of the main advantages of this method is that we do not obtain a fixed value for the “rounded zeros”, but one that depends on the value of the other variable. Key words: compositional data analysis, treatment of zeros, essential zeros, rounded zeros, correlation dependency