Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visual Revelations

Anyone who listens to baseball (or most other kinds of sporting events) has heard an announcer say something such as “Fred is 7 for his last 12 at-bats. ” The implication is that Fred is a heck of a hitter and on a tear. Implicit in this statement is that Fred is also 7 for at least his last 13 at-bats, and might be 7 for his last 30 or 40. The announcer chose 12 as his window of calculation because it best supported his thesis that Fred is on a hot streak. It also, however, provides a biased estimate of Fred’s ability. Such biased reporting is not limited to sports announcers. Johann Gregor Mendel (1822–1884) generally is credited with being the father of modern genetics. His research, between 1856 and 1863, focused on the hybridization of peas. He posited that smoothed and wrinkled skins of peas were a genetic characteristic and could be represented by a dominant and recessive allele, say A and a. Thus, the possible genotypes were AA, Aa, and aa, but only the doubly recessive seeds, aa, have a different phenotype (appearance). Further, if both alleles are represented equally in the population, we should expect 25% of the genotypes to be AA, 50% Aa, and 25% aa; however, the two distinguishable phenotypes should be distributed 75%: 25%. To test his theory, he ran experiments and kept meticulous records. He found the data he gathered supported his theory almost perfectly. In fact, in 1936 when a chi-square test of goodness-of-fit to the genetic hypothesis was performed, it fell in the small tail of the distribution. This led Ronald Fisher to conclude that although Mendel had correctly described the experimental layout, the results were, literally, too good to be true. More than 30 years later, B. L. van der Waerden inferred that the too-good-fit was not due to any dishonesty on Mendel’s part, but rather to the arbitrary stopping rule he was thought to have employed; he ran the experiment and kept track of the proportion of pea types until it matched his expected value, and then he stopped. It is well known that when you make decisions about the design of an experiment on the fly—on the basis of the data being generated—great care must be exercised; remember how much bigger a post-hoc comparison must be than a planned comparison at the same level of significance. But sometimes such decisions are subtle—we may make them without noticing. This note is a description of one such insidious situation.
Sicherheits- und Verfügbarkeitsanalyse komplexer Kfz-Systeme

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Methodik zur geschlossenen Bewertung der F ehlerhaufigkeit, V erfugbarkeit, S icherheit und W irtschaftlichkeit (F/V/S/W) komplexer sicherheitsrelevanter Kfz-Systeme entwickelt und anhand von Beispielen veranschaulicht. Diese Methodik fust auf einer Fusion von Fehlerbaumen und Markov-Ketten zu hierarchischen Modellen. Die hierarchische Modellierung erlaubt es, sowohl eine qualitative wie auch quantitative Systemaussage mit vertretbarem Analyseaufwand zu generieren. Modifikationen innerhalb des Entwicklungsstandes konnen mit geringem Aufwand in die Systembetrachtungen integriert werden. Um die Leistungsfahigkeit der hierarchischen Modellierung zu verifizieren, wurde das noch im Forschungsstadium befindliche Fahrdynamikstabilisierungssystem D rive- b y- W ire (D-b-W) auf seine F/V/S/W hin untersucht. Wie sich zeigte, erwiesen sich Fehler der Raddrehzahlsensorik als kritischer Pfad hinsichtlich der Sicherheit des Systems. Aus diesem Grund wurden Redundanzkonzepte entwickelt, die zur Toleranz gegen obige kritischen Fehler fuhren. Abschliesend wurden die Auswirkungen der verschiedenen Redundanzkonzepte auf die Fehlerhaufigkeit, Verfugbarkeit, Sicherheit und Wirtschaftlichkeit des Systems D-b-W mittels der hierarchischen Modellierung bewertet. In the dissertation-thesis in hand a methodology is developed, which allows to determine the failure-probability, availability, safety and economy of complex safety-relevant automotive systems in a closed model. This methodology is based on the fusion of fault-trees and Markov-chains to a hierarchical model. The hierarchical modelling generates a qualitative as well as quantitative prediction of the above mentioned system-quality-parameters. Modifications during the development-process of a complex system can be integrated in the analysis with small effort. In order to demonstrate the potentials of the hierarchical modelling, it was applied to determine the failure-probability, availability, safety and economy of a driving-stability-control-system. This system, which is called Drive-by-Wire was in the early research-phase, when the first safety and availability-analysis had been performed. As it turned-out, failures of the wheel-speed-sensors are mainly responsible for the unsafety of this system. Therefore redundancy concepts were developed which yield tolerance against above mentioned critical failures. Finally the influence of different redundancy concepts on the failure-probability, availability, safety and economy of Drive-by-Wire was determined by the hierarchical modelling.
Authors’ Response to Letter: Validation of Multiparametric Ultrasonography Criteria with Digital Subtraction Angiography in Carotid Artery Disease: A Prospective Multicenter Study

We thank Prof. von Reutern for commenting on our article on the prospective multicenter validation of the revised DEGUM ultrasound criteria for carotid artery stenosis grading [1, 2]. We would like to emphasize that our study was not meant to evaluate the ultrasound modality per se, but rather the revised and widely used multiparametric DEGUM approach for ultrasound grading of carotid artery disease as many other approaches have been validated before [3]. Any diagnostic approach adopted by an ultrasound laboratory has to undergo validation [4], especially when it is regularly used for treatment decisions in carotid artery disease. We agree that technological progress in the last decades and improved understanding of hemodynamics have facilitated the assessment of carotid artery disease. However, this alone does not supersede its scientific validation. Indeed, results regarding a subset of 10 carotid occlusions in our study were somewhat less than perfect [1]. Nevertheless, given the fact that the revised DEGUM approach does not provide specific criteria for differentiating between total and near carotid occlusion [2], its low positive predictive value and sensitivity compared to invasive angiography is not surprising, aside from the low number of occlusions. In contrast, the negative predictive value and specificity were excellent in our study, thus underlining the value of the test in identifying patients with nonocclusive disease. The author’s statement that years ago the positive predictive value of ultrasound was found to be 90% for the detection of carotid occlusion when CWDoppler was utilized naturally questions the necessity of revising any ultrasound criteria. However, no scientific reference was provided in this matter. Our paper provides a proper discussion of the strengths and limitations of our study – inter alia, the questionable role of invasive angiography as the gold standard and the limited external validity of the study results [1]. Prof. von Reutern states that the ultrasound approach by the Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound (SRU) Consensus Conference proved to be insufficient [5]. To our knowledge, there is no scientific evidence available that showed whether it performs better or worse than the revised DEGUM or any other ultrasound criteria for carotid artery disease grading with regard to clinically relevant stenosis strata. Nevertheless, a diagnostic comparison between the revised multiparametric DEGUM approach and the approach by SRU Consensus Conference with invasive angiography utilized as the gold standard is underway [6]. Notwithstanding, we completely agree with Prof. von Reutern that future studies should also validate the clinical impact of diagnostic ultrasound in patients with carotid artery disease.
Virtual Machine Resource Scheduling Multi-objective Optimization in Cloud Computing

For the virtual machine resource scheduling problem in the cloud computing, scheduling and management of virtual machine resources effectively and to achieve a good balance in terms of resource utilization, the cost of overhead, and time constraints, multi-objective comprehensive evaluation of the virtual machine resource scheduling model was proposed, and the typical multi-objective optimization algorithm was applied to the problem, the virtual machine resource scheduling and task allocation merged into a process in order to reduce the complexity of the problem. Analysis through simulation comparison experiments, the method has good practicality and expansion, and the ability to take into account the resources allocated user preferences.
Widespread remodelling of proteome solubility in response to different protein homeostasis stresses

The accumulation of protein deposits in neurodegenerative diseases involves the presence of a metastable subproteome vulnerable to aggregation. To investigate this subproteome and the mechanisms that regulates it, we measured the proteome solubility of the Neuro2a cell line under protein homeostasis stresses induced by Huntington Disease proteotoxicity; Hsp70, Hsp90, proteasome and ER-mediated folding inhibition; and oxidative stress. We found one-quarter of the proteome extensively changed solubility. Remarkably, almost all the increases in insolubility were counteracted by increases in solubility of other proteins. Each stress directed a highly specific pattern of change, which reflected the remodelling of protein complexes involved in adaptation to perturbation, most notably stress granule proteins, which responded differently to different stresses. These results indicate that the robustness of protein homeostasis relies on the absence of proteins highly vulnerable to aggregation and on large changes in aggregation state of regulatory mechanisms that restore protein solubility upon specific perturbations.
An electrical machine

The present invention relates to an electrical machine having at least one machine unit (1). Machine unit, a plurality of magnetic flux conductors (3 ', 3 "), and through each magnetic flux conductor stator having a conductor forming a winding extending in a substantially closed-winding path, and a plurality of permanent magnet elements (12', 12 includes a "), and a movable element 10 which reciprocates about the stator along a movement path. Winding path is generally provided with a first current carrying portion (6a) extending parallel to the movement path. Each magnetic flux conductor (3 ', 3 "), said permanent magnet elements (12', 12") with one, is arranged to form a closed magnetic flux circuit extending around said current carrying portion. Magnetic flux conductor, and is alternately disposed with respect to the direction of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet element of the respective magnetic flux circuit. Machine unit, waste winding path, the flux conductor, the conductor, the movable element
USING NEURAL NETWORKS FOR CREDIT SCORING

This study developed a proposed model that identifies artificial neural network as an enabling tool for evaluating credit applications to support loan decisions in the Commercial banks. A multi-layer feed-forward neural network with resilient back propagation learning algorithm was used to build up the proposed model. Artificial Neural Networks are mathematical representations inspired by the human brain nerve cells and their communication and processing information techniques. The Neural Network is ideally composed of three layers, the input layer, the hidden layer, and the output layer. The input layer consists of input nodes which represent the system's variable. The hidden layer consists of nodes which facilitate the flow of information from the input to the output layers. The flow is controlled by weight factors associated with each connector. The output layer consists of nodes which represent the system's classification decision. The value of the output nodes are compared with cutoffs to determine the output and classify each case. The weight adjustment is known as training. The training process consists of running input values over the network with predefined classification output nodes. This process runs until the weight values are minimized to an error function. Testing samples are used to verify the performance of the trained network. In the context of credit scoring, numerous studies have proven that Neural Network perform remarkably better than any other statistical approach, such as logistic regression or discriminant analysis.
Impact of metformin on survival outcome in ovarian cancer: a nationwide population-based cohort study

Objective Investigation of new drugs (INDs) is a tremendously inefficient process in terms of time and cost. Drug repositioning is another method used to investigate potential new agents in well-known drugs. This study assessed the survival impact of metformin medication on ovarian cancer. Methods A national sample cohort of the Korean National Health Insurance Service Data was analyzed. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyzing hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjusting for underlying diseases and medications as confounding factors for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Results A total of 866 eligible patients were included from among 1,025,340 cohort participants. Among them, 101 (11.7%) were metformin users. No difference in OS was observed between non-users and users. No difference in OS was observed according to age and Charlson Comorbidity Index. Long-term metformin use (≥720 days) was associated with better OS (adjusted HR=0.244; 95% CI=0.090–0.664; p=0.006). A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed that long-term metformin use was an independent favorable prognostic factor for OS (HR=0.193; 95% CI=0.070–0.528; p=0.001) but not for CSS (HR=0.599; 95% CI=0.178–2.017; p=0.408). Conclusion Long-term metformin use reduced all-cause mortality, but not CSS in ovarian cancer. Whether metformin itself reduces deaths because of ovarian cancer requires further investigation.
Primary Teaching Skills

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Evaluation of Usefulness of Cholinesterase Inhibitor in Management of Schizophrenia: A Controlled Clinical Trial

While around 0.3–0.7% of people suffer from schizophrenia at some point in their lifetime [1], it causes approximately 1% of worldwide disability [2]. In 2000, the World Health Organization declared that the incidence and prevalence of schizophrenia is approximately comparable around the world, with agestandardized prevalence per 100,000 populations ranging from 343 in Africa to 544 in Japan and Oceania for men [3]. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder, which is usually characterized by strange social behavior and lack of insight. Its diverse clinical features have caused a doubt that whether such a diagnosis characterizes a solitary disorder or a collection of separate syndromes [4]. In addition, the mean life expectancy of persons suffering from this illness is 10 to 25 years lesser than the mean life expectancy of people without that problem [5]. Perhaps, this is due to higher risk of suicide and missed somatic complications among this group of patients [6]. Besides, problems in short-term and long-term
Determination of Nutrient Composition and Energy Content of Seven Different Malting Barley Varieties

Bu calismada, yedi farkli maltlik arpa cesidinin, besin madde kompozisyonu, in vitro Kuru madde (KM), Organik madde (OM) sindirimi ve Metabolik enerji (ME) duzeyleri belirlenmistir. Calismada yedi farkli malt arpa cesidi (Zeynelaga, Erciyes, Yildiz, Aydanhanim, Basgul, Efes-98, Durusu) kullanilmistir. Calismanin sonucunda, tum arpa cesitlerinin hem besin madde kompozisyonu hem de in vitro gercek KM (IVGKMS) ve OM sindirimi (IVOMS) ile belirlenen metabolik enerji (ME) sonuclari acisindan hayvan beslemede basarili bir sekilde kullanabilir. Durusu cesidi, in vitro sindirim ve ME degerleri bakimindan diger cesitlerden daha iyi bulunmustur. Hayvan besleme ve malt endustrisinde vazgecilmez bir yere sahip olan arpanin bu sonuclarinin sahaya aktarilmasi onemlidir
Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio network

Cognitive radio(CR)is sensitive to the changes of environment,and by using the spectrum sensing to find the spectrum hole,it can adapt to the environment.The key technology of cognitive radio is to detect the primary users.The ability that cognitive users detect the primary users is restricted by multi-path effect and shadow fading so that the detection probability of primary users cannot be enhanced.Hence,a cooperative scheme,namely the three users' cooperative spectrum sensing was adopted.Three secondary users transmit data to a common receiver in the TDMA mode,and when the primary users appear,the three secondary users can detect the primary users by energy detection.Simulation result indicates that three users' cooperative spectrum sensing enhance the detection probability and reduce the detection time.
Space-time Coded Modulation Design in Slow Fading

Space-Time Coded Modulation Design in Slow Fading Akrum Elkhazin Doctorate of Philosophy in Applied Science Graduate Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto 2009 This dissertation examines multi-antenna transceiver design over flat-fading wireless channels. Bit Interleaved Coded Modulation (BICM) and MultiLevel Coded Modulation (MLCM) transmitter structures are considered, as well as the used of an optional spatial precoder under slow and quasi-static fading conditions. At the receiver, MultiStage Decoder (MSD) and Iterative Detection and Decoding (IDD) strategies are applied. Precoder, mapper and subcode designs are optimized for different receiver structures over the different antenna and fading scenarios. Under slow and quasi-static channel conditions, fade resistant multi-antenna transmission is achieved through a combination of linear spatial precoding and non-linear multi-dimensional mapping. A time-varying random unitary precoder is proposed, with significant performance gains over spatial interleaving. The fade resistant properties of multidimensional random mapping are also analyzed. For MLCM architectures, a group random labelling strategy is proposed for large antenna systems. The use of complexity constrained receivers in BICM and MLCM transmissions is explored. Two multi-antenna detectors are proposed based on a group detection strategy, whose complexity can be adjusted through the group size parameter. These detectors show performance gains over the the Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE) detector in spatially multiplexed systems having an excess number of transmitter antennas. A class of irregular convolutional codes is proposed for use in BICM transmissions.
Pattern Matching Method Based on Point Distribution for Multivariate Time Series

Common methods for matching multivariate time series such as the Euclid method and PCA method have difficulties in taking advantage of the global shape of time series.The Euclid method is not robust, while the PCA method is not suitable to deal with the small-scale multivariate time series.This paper proposes a pattern matching method based on point distribution for multivariate time series, which is able to characterize the shape of series.Local important points of a multivariate time series and their distribution are used to construct the pattern vector.To match pattern of multivariate time series, the Euclid norm is used to measure the similarity between the pattern vectors.The global shape characteristic is used in the method to match patterns of series.The results of experiments show that it is easy to characterize the shape of multivariate time series with this method, with which various scales can be dealt with in series data.
Learners’ and Educators’ Perspectives on the Value of Web Design in the South African Grade 11 Computer Applications Technology Curriculum

Web design was introduced into the Computer Applications Technology (CAT) curriculum in South Africa at Grade 11 level in 2013, and Grade 12 in 2014. This paper reports on a study determining what value learners and educators saw in using web design and Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML). The paper comprises studies undertaken by 17 honours students in 2013 and 2014 as part of a research report module, and followed a survey research design in which 18 educators were interviewed and 319 learner questionnaires analysed. It was found that there was some disagreement regarding the level of support offered to educators having to learn HTML and that most learners enjoyed learning web design and were coping with the demands of learning HTML. Educators felt that web design ought to remain part of the CAT curriculum, although time constraints were frequently raised as problematic. The majority of learners, similarly, felt that there was value in including web design within the CAT curriculum. Workshops to support educators and a focus on computational thinking as a way forward are recommended. Furthermore, starting web development in Grade 10 should be considered.
Imaging of complex blood flow with ultrasound: development of a novel simulation environment

Current ultrasound imaging techniques are insufficient to picture blood flow. In clinical practice, ultrasonic blood flow imaging consists of one-dimensional (1D) velocity estimation while complex 3D flow is often present in diseased arteries. In this work, a novel simulation environment is presented to validate and develop new ultrasonic flow imaging algorithms. The simulation tool integrates ultrasonic imaging simulations with computational fluid dynamics, which allows obtaining realistic images of complex flow. Common vascular diseases are most often caused by atherosclerosis, a stiffening of the arterial wall, which appears to preferentially originate in disturbed flow fields. Efficient imaging of these disturbed flow fields may help in improving preliminary diagnosis of arterial disease, as well as contribute to the understanding of the origin and progression of cardiovascular disease. The clinically used flow imaging techniques are based on estimating the time shift of the backscattered ultrasonic waves due to reflection on the moving red blood cells. Two common methods are pulsed wave Doppler and color flow imaging. The pulsed wave Doppler method is used to obtain velocity information at a specific location with high temporal resolution. Color flow imaging is applied if one desires high spatial resolution, with the velocities color coded to enhance interpretation. Both techniques have important limitations since they only image the velocity component in the scanning (=axial) direction and the measurable velocity range is limited by aliasing. Hence, 2D or 3D flow imaging methods which overcome these limitations are necessary and a simulation environment is desired to validate and develop new imaging algorithms.