Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frazil deposition under growing sea ice

[1] Platelet ice may be an important component of Antarctic landfast sea ice. Typically, it is found at depth in first-year landfast sea ice cover, near ice shelves. To explain why platelet ice is not commonly observed at shallower depths, we consider a new mechanism. Our hypothesis is that platelet ice eventually appears due to the sudden deposition of frazil ice against the fast ice-ocean interface, providing randomly oriented nucleation sites for crystal growth. Brine rejected in plumes from landfast ice generates stirring sufficient to prevent frazil ice from attaching to the interface, forcing some of it to remain in suspension until ice growth rate and brine rejection slow to the point that frazil can stick. We calculate a brine plume velocity and match this to frazil rise velocity. We consider both laminar and turbulent environments. We find that brine plume velocities are generally powerful enough to prevent a significant range of frazil sizes from sticking in the case of laminar flow and that, in the turbulent case, there may be a critical ice thickness at which most remaining circulating frazil suddenly settles.
Portable dynamic electromyography for human gait

A significant percentage of the Colombian population has pathology in their lower extremities. The lack of objective analysis and laboratories has resulted in undiagnosed diseases in studies of patients. The portable electromyography serves to acquire the electrical signals from different motor units of muscles of the lower extremities involved in walking, then process and save them to a remote storage device (microSDTM) to be observed on a computer via a java app, with the possibility that these studies be imported into a PDF and printed. The device has two channels of study, a marker of passage, and an item of electrical insulation to protect the patient which is powered by rechargeable batteries. By contributing in conjunction with graduate specialists in physical medicine and rehabilitation at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, covering more demand for a fully portable device which studies show will be more realistic solving the problem that people change the gait pattern to be observed.
Imperatives and Trade-Offs for the Humanitarian Designer: Off-Grid Energy for Humanitarian Relief

This article will guide designers who hope to work in the unpredictable area of humanitarian relief. Conflicting interests among stakeholders is a key element of this unpredictability. Conflicting interests in the “humanitarian market” create significant barriers to the satisfactory implementation new designs. For this study, off-grid energy devices are identified as one of the most important devices, with significant room for improvement. Scarce resources, health issues and damaging ecological impacts make current energy sources untenable. The ideal design of off-grid energy devices must ideally be one that is sustainable, does not risk the health of the end-users, and provide jobs for the surrounding host communities. For this research, I interviewed product designers and humanitarian customers in order to understand the dilemmas inherent in this market. Findings revealed that a major barrier to successful design is the short-term focused humanitarian stakeholder system. Participants suggested trade-offs that can balance short term objectives with long term, triple bottom line, sustainable development goals in this dynamic environment.
Spatio-temporal modelling of lightning climatologies for complex terrain

Abstract. This study develops methods for estimating lightning climatologies on the day−1 km−2 scale for regions with complex terrain and applies them to summertime observations (2010–2015) of the lightning location system ALDIS in the Austrian state of Carinthia in the Eastern Alps. Generalized additive models (GAMs) are used to model both the probability of occurrence and the intensity of lightning. Additive effects are set up for altitude, day of the year (season) and geographical location (longitude/latitude). The performance of the models is verified by 6-fold cross-validation. The altitude effect of the occurrence model suggests higher probabilities of lightning for locations on higher elevations. The seasonal effect peaks in mid-July. The spatial effect models several local features, but there is a pronounced minimum in the north-west and a clear maximum in the eastern part of Carinthia. The estimated effects of the intensity model reveal similar features, though they are not equal. The main difference is that the spatial effect varies more strongly than the analogous effect of the occurrence model. A major asset of the introduced method is that the resulting climatological information varies smoothly over space, time and altitude. Thus, the climatology is capable of serving as a useful tool in quantitative applications, i.e. risk assessment and weather prediction.
A revised faunal list and geological setting for Bullock Creek, a Camfieldian site from the Northern Territory of Australia

Schwartz, L.R. S. 2016. A revised faunal list and geological setting for Bullock Creek, a Camfieldian site from the Northern Territory of Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 74: 263–290. The Camfield beds, in which the Bullock Creek Local Fauna occurs, is a freshwater carbonate unit deposited in a braided-meandering river environment in which abandoned channels formed oxbow lakes. Fossil quarries in the Small Hills outcrop occur in stratigraphically superposed beds. Despite this, there are no detectable changes to the fauna obtained at different levels that demonstrate a significant biochronologic time difference. Within the small mammal fauna, macropodoids are the most abundant group at Bullock Creek. Two species have been described, Balbaroo camfieldensis and Nambaroo bullockensis. A number of other macropodid taxa are also present. A diverse ‘possum’ fauna is found here, in addition to the miralinids Barguru maru and Barguru kayir, including the phalangerid Wyulda sp. cf. asherjoeli. Dasyuromorphians are also present, as are yaraloid peramelemorphians, including a species referred to Yarala.
Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Hopelessness among Women with Breast Cancer and Gynecological Cancer

Background: This study investigated the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on alleviation of hopelessness symptoms among women with breast and gynecological cancer. The diagnosis of gynecologic cancer not only has evident physical ramifications for the patient, but also produces secondary psychological stressors that negatively impact the patient’s quality of life (QOL). A research study investigating the effects of MBCT interventions may provide a new approach to coping with these problems. Methods: This study employed a pretest-posttest and intervention group-control group design to evaluate the outcome of the intervention among individuals receiving MBCT in the Cancer Research Center of Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Iran. A total of 82 patients participated in the study (intervention group = 41 individuals, control group = 41 individuals) and 61 participants completed the study (intervention group = 29 individuals, control group = 32 individuals). In the intervention group, 29 of the 41 enrolled participants completed the MBCT intervention. Results: After adjusting for pretest, MBCT had a significant effect on the dependent variables of hopelessness [F (2,52) = 59.270, P < 0.001; Wilks’s lambda = 0.305; partial eta squared = 0.695)]. There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of hopelessness due to loss of motivation (F = 21.711, df1 = 54, P < 0.001; eta = 0.291). The effect size is 0.291 and it is slightly high. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of hopelessness due to future expectation (F = 87.030, df1 = 54, P < 0.001; eta = 0.622). The effect size is 0.622 and it is higher than the average. The findings indicated that MBCT significantly improved measures of hopelessness. Conclusion: Analysis of covariance showed that MBCT was effective on reduction of hopelessness among patients suffering from breast and gynecological cancers.
Stakeholder Cooperation in Sustainable Development: Three Case Studies in Norway

Experiences from three case studies in rural and commercial development in Norway from 1995-2001 are analyzed and evaluated. The goal of the research community was to contribute to local and regional innovations, and in the process develop a better understanding of the development process. Focus was on solving the realistic challenges met by entrepreneurs in their businesses and by the local community, as well as on working within the unique locationâ€"specific context in each case location. The project revealed that generating new knowledge and at the same time encouraging tangible institutional change is a complex challenge. Conclusions from the three studies are that rural and commercial development are complex and site-specific, and the process requires 1) good communication and collaboration among involved participants, 2) interdisciplinary, case-based research design, and 3) a continuous and learning innovation process. There is a need for ownership and sustained participation from all stakeholders, and much of the initiative and support must come from within the community. Key terms: rural innovation, endogenous development, communicative participation, interdisciplinary projects, participatory research, learning communities.
Insights into active deformation in the Gulf of Cadiz from new 3‐D seismic and high‐resolution bathymetry data

The nature of active deformation in the Gulf of Cadiz is important for developing a better understanding of the interplate tectonics and for revealing the source of the 1755 Great Lisbon earthquake. New, high‐resolution 3‐D seismic data reveal a classic pull‐apart basin that has formed on an east striking fault in the Southern Lobe of the Gulf of Cadiz accretionary wedge. Geometrical relationships between an array of faults and associated basins show evidence for both dextral and sinistral shear sense in the Southern Lobe. Strike‐slip faulting within the lobe may provide a link between frontal accretion at the deformation front and extension and gravitational sliding processes occurring further upslope. Inception of the strike‐slip faults appears to accommodate deformation driven by spatially variant accretion or gravitational spreading rates, or both. This implies that active deformation on strike‐slip faults in the Southern Lobe is unrelated to the proposed modern inception of a transform plate boundary through the Gulf of Cadiz and underscores the importance of detailed bathymetric analysis in understanding tectonic processes.
Selective Processing of Sexual, Violent, and Neutral Information: a Study Comparing Individuals With and Without a History of Sexual Trauma.

The current research investigated processing biases that influence responding to emotionally relevant information in individuals with and without a history of sexual trauma. Previous research (MacLeod, Mathews, & Tata, 1986; MacLeod & Mathews, 1988; Mathews & MacLeod, 1985) has indicated that individuals with anxiety disorders shift their attention toward threatening stimuli, resulting in reduced reaction times to probes appearing near such stimuli. This effect has been found to be content specific, in that individuals with certain fears respond faster to information congruent with their concerns. The current study was undertaken to explore the possible differences in attention allocation to sexual, violent, and neutral words between women with a history of sexual trauma and those without. Using the dot probe task, individuals were presented with classes of target words (i.e., sexual, violent, neutral, or a combination of these) and were asked to detect and respond to a neutral stimulus (dot probe) that followed word pairs containing target words. It was hypothesized that individuals with a history of sexual trauma would be faster to detect the dot probe that followed sexual and violent words when compared to individuals with no such history. It was suggested that this would occur because women who have suffered a sexual trauma would experience anxiety concerning sexual and violent stimuli. This in turn would result in relevant stimuli capturing attention. Thus, they might exhibit content-specific processing with regard to information vii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. congruent with a sexually traumatic experience (i.e., sexual and violent information presented together). As is noted later, the current study did not find such an attentional bias toward threatening words. Although the group of individuals who had experienced a sexual trauma reported more anxiety, depression, sexual anxiety, and PTSD symptoms, these differences did not lead to the expected differences on dot probe detection latencies. In general, the study found that all participants tended to be slower to detect the probe when an emotional word (sexual or violent) was present. This is consistent with a theory that conceptualizes attention in a resource allocation context. Possible explanations for the failure to find hypothesized results are presented.
External bacterial diversity on bats in the southwestern United States: Changes in bacterial community structure above and below ground

Microorganisms that reside on and in mammals, such as bats, have the potential to influence their host’s health and to provide potential defenses against invading pathogens. However, we have little to no understanding of the external bacterial microbiome on bats, or factors that influence the structure of these communities. The southwestern United States offers excellent sites for the study of external bat bacterial microbiomes due to the diversity of bat species, the variety of abiotic and biotic factors that may govern bat bacterial microbiome communities, and the lack of white-nose syndrome (a newly emergent fungal disease of bats) presence in the Southwest. We studied the extent to which changes in distributions of bacteria on external bat surfaces are a function of geographic location and ecoregion, and whether the sampled bats were caught in caves or surface-netted. To test these variables we used 16S rRNA gene 454 pyrosequencing from swabs of external skin and fur surfaces from 186 bats from 14 species sampled across southeastern New Mexico to northwestern Arizona. Community similarity patterns and random forest models, and generalized linear mixed-effects models show that factors such as location (e.g. cave-caught vs. surface-netted) and ecoregion are major contributors to the structure of bacterial communities on bats. Bats caught in caves had a distinct microbial community compared to those that were netted on the surface. Our results provide a first insight into the distribution of external bat bacteria in a WNS-free environment and provide a baseline of bat external microbiomes that can be explored for potential natural defenses against pathogens.
Investigating the High Turnover of Saudi Nationals versus Non-Nationals in Private Sector Companies Using Selected Antecedents and Consequences of Employee Engagement

Saudization became inevitable for domestic political stability; however, private organizations are suffering fromthe high turnover of Saudi nationals and less commitment towards their employers. The researcher set to examinethe reasons for the high turnover through examining employee engagement antecedents of the Saudi’s nationalsversus non-Saudis’. The purpose of this study is to examine selected antecedents and consequences of employeeengagement. The researcher distributed surveys among 104 employees working in the healthcare and informationtechnology industries in Saudi Arabia. The results indicate that job characteristics and rewards are the twoantecedents that have a positive relationship with employee engagement. Study findings reveal that jobcharacteristics induced employee engagement while reward and recognition induced organizational engagement.
Social-Psychological Model of the “Migration Circle”: Potential Emigrants, Migrants,Remigrants

А fundamentally new model of “migration circle” is considered in accordance with modern theo-ries of migration and adaptation. This model is represented in the following basic stages: starting- up (the potential emigrants), the main (directly emigrants), and final (re-emigrants). The benchmark analysis of values and dominant ethnic tendencies of migrants residing at different stages of migration (at the miscellaneous points of the “migration circle”) has revealed the existing of the significant differences in the value preferences’ structure, dominant ethnic tendencies, social and cultural distance. The received data allow forecasting accurate to 72% the emigrants’ success of adaptation to a new social and cultural environment. Accumulating during the investigation scientific theoretical material allows finding solution of many practical problems arising at the threshold of emigration (potential emigrants) either in situations of the return to Motherland (re-emigrants).
GRANNIE: A Scalable, Interactive, Artificial Intelligence Supervisory System for Medical Devices

Complex medical devices are difficult for patients to use. The author suggests putting a biologicallyinspired, intelligent, modular, open-systems robot control network into these devices for improved patient interaction and supervision. The author’s system, GRANNIE (an acronym for “Generalized Robotic Accessory with Neural Network, Intellect and Emotions”) emulates human sensory, motor, cognitive and emotional responses. GRANNIE has a processor-neutral hardware bus and software which is independent of CPU or programming language. Improved plug-and-play functions and transducer interoperability were recently added. Scalability for various hardware configurations is provided. GRANNIE technology will help to create user-friendly, safety-promoting interactive supervisors for many varieties of medical devices.
A Metropolis within Gibbs sampling in relative survival

Relative survival analysis is a method which provides an estimate of the effect on survival corrected for the effect of other independent causes of death, using the natural mortality in the underlying general population as the reference. This method is frequently used when the specifics causes of deaths are uncertain or unavailable as in some population or hospital-based registries. We proposed a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach to perform relative survival analysis using a proportional hazards regression model. We used gamma and normal prior distributions, respectively, for the baseline mortality hazard function and the regression parameters and we established the likelihood function. Conditional posterior distributions cannot be reduced analytically to well known distributions and we used a Metropolis within Gibbs sampling to obtain samples from the conditional posterior distributions. The accuracy of the estimates obtained by this MCMC approach were evaluated in simulations studies. Data from a population-based of pharyngeal cancer were used to illustrate our approach.
Comparing Shear-Wave Velocity Profiles From Inversion of Surface-Wave Phase Velocities with Downhole Measurements: Systematic Differences Between the CXW Method and Downhole Measurements at Six USC Strong-Motion Sites

INTRODUCTION Shear-wave velocity profiles are used in a variety of engineering and seismological applications, and several methods are available to determine the velocities, including borehole and surface-wave methods (Woods and Stokoe, 1985; Stokoe et al. , 1988; Stokoe etal. , 1994; Poran et al. , 1994; Poran et al. , 1996). Surface-wave methods offer the advantage of being non-invasive and less costly than boreholes, but their reliability needs to be established by comparison with more direct methods. The best way to do this is a “blind” test in which the velocities determined independently from surface-wave and borehole measurements at the same site are compared. By “blind” we mean that the determination of the shear-wave velocity profile by the two methods were done independently of one another. It is surprisingly difficult to find situations in which the velocity determinations are truly independent of one another. We report on one such case in this paper. In.
Use of national reliability figures to re-engineer effective number of records for application in international genetic evaluations

Analysis of national breeding values facilitates comparison of performance of bulls’ daughters across countries. Today, Mace (Schaeffer, 1994) is being applied by Interbull for international genetic evaluation for production and conformation traits on a routine basis. To account for differences in precision, information coming from various countries is weighted by total number of daughters (nd). However, this figure does not reflect all differences in precision, and it has been suggested to use other weighting factors instead.
A Pictorial Illustration of the Inhibition of Mycelial Growth and Spore Germination of Various Sorghum Fungal Pathogens by a Bacillus species

Sorghum is one of the most indispensable cereals for food, fodder, and in brewery, especially in the drier tropics. Recently, sorghum is considered a potential source of biofuel. Globally, the productivity and profitability of sorghum is hampered by biotic stresses, causing anthracnose, grain mold, smuts, and downy mildew. In this study, a bacterium was observed growing on half-strength potato dextrose agar plate containing sorghum seeds. Using both plate and paper disc assays, activity of the determined Gram-positive Bacillus (called LP16S) was tested against four destructive sorghum pathogens Fusarium thapsinum, Colletotrichum sublineola, Curvularia lunata, and Bipolaris sp. Confirmatory in vitro analysis showed that LP16S was capable of inhibiting both mycelial growth and spore germination of these pathogens. Identification of the strain using 16S rDNA sequence analysis characterized LP16S as a putative Bacillus sp. Work is underway to determine the effectiveness of LP16S in suppressing sorghum diseases.
Role of knowledge and attitude in determining standard precaution practices among nursing students

Background: Standard precaution practice (SPP) is aimed at protecting both patients and health professionals alike. The high rate of occupational hazards among health workers especially in developing countries is counterproductive and therefore requires thorough investigation and intervention. This study aims to determine the role of knowledge and attitude in determining SPP among nursing students. Methods: This research involved 172 nursing students at the teaching hospital of University of Maiduguri. Sampling was done using simple random sampling. Knowledge and attitude on towards one of the filoviruses (Ebola) including recommended SPP towards its prevention were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire after written consent. For bivariate correlation, Pearson’s correlation was used between knowledge and SPP, attitude and SPP, then knowledge and attitude. Subsequently the determinants of SPP were analyzed by multiple linear regression using SPSS (IBM Inc.) version 22. Significance level was 0.05 at 95% confidence interval. Results: The mean scores were knowledge 26.27(±6.6), attitude 80(±8.9) and SPP 61.08(±9.04). Correlation results was significant between knowledge and SPP (r=0.485, p<0.05) as well as knowledge and attitude (r=0.134, p<0.05). Knowledge of nursing students was a significant determinant of SPP (b = 0.663, 95% CI = 0.48-0.84, p<0.05). Conclusions: There is an association between knowledge and SPP despite the low level of knowledge among respondents. Improvements in the nursing program curriculum is recommended.