Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A preliminary study of the original TIBSIT and its cultural adaptation in Malaysia.

BACKGROUND A simple and self-administered 'scratch & sniff' test kit like the TIBSIT smell kit based on the Taiwan Smell Identification Test (TWSIT), provides a safe and quick assessment of olfaction. The original TIBSIT has been validated for use in Taiwan with age specific scores for different age groups and diagnosis. The main aim of this study is to examine if TIBSIT can be applicable for the Malaysian population and perform cultural adaptation as necessary to allow a more accurate assessment using this tool. METHOD AND MATERIAL A preliminary study of the original TIBSIT (Phase 1) followed by cultural adaption (Phase 2) were carried out on volunteers from various neighbourhoods in Klang Valley, Malaysia comprising of age group 16-80 years. A total of 150 test subjects and 50 test subjects were recruited for Phase 1 and Phase 2 respectively. Cultural adaptation was done with changes to the distractors that were found to be confusing. In addition, modifications included added language translation and visual reinforcement with images of the odour's substance of origin. RESULTS 109 out of the 150 responses were accepted for Phase 1. A detection rate of less than 75% was found in three of the odours with the remaining showing an average rate of 87.2% to 97.7%. These three odours were culturally adapted for Phase 2. All 50 responses for Phase 2 were accepted; two of the odours' detection rates improved to 98% but the plum odour was only detected 53% of the time. CONCLUSION TIBSIT provides a quick office-based olfaction testing. The culturally adapted test kit is a potentially useful screening test for the Malaysian population. It is also safe and excludes the need of the clinician to carry out the test. This becomes especially useful in testing any dysosmia (hyposmia/anosmia) cases suspected of SARS-COV-2 virus infection (COVID-19).
The impact of COVID‐19 restrictions on occupational balance: A mixed method study of the experience of Australian occupational therapists

Abstract Introduction COVID‐19 has seen unprecedented changes to the daily occupational lives of citizens across the globe as a result social and physical restrictions. Frontline healthcare workers health and wellbeing have been impacted but what of occupational balance? The aim of this study was to investigate if there was a change in the occupational balance of occupational therapists working in a metropolitan hospital during a COVID‐19 lockdown. Methods All occupational therapists working in a metropolitan hospital were invited to participate in an online survey. Occupational Balance was measured using the Occupational Balance Questionnaire‐11 (OBQ11). Participants retrospectively rated their occupational balance before COVID‐19 restrictions were in place and again rated their current status during the restrictions. Participants were also asked to comment on strategies used to help them during the COVID‐19 restrictions. Results Forty‐two occupational therapists completed the survey. The mean total score prior to the COVID‐19 restrictions was 19.4 and during restrictions was 19.0 (Z = −0.4, p = 0.68). There was a significant decrease in having sufficient to do during the COVID‐19 restrictions (Z = −3.6, p < 0.001). Satisfaction with how time was spent in rest, recovery and sleep significantly increased during the restrictions (Z = −3.3, p = 0.001). Strategies used included engaging in valued activities, finding alternate ways of doing and showing gratitude. Conclusion Occupational balance of occupational therapists remained high and satisfaction in how time was spent improved during COVID‐19 restrictions. Occupational therapists implemented their own theoretical approach of adaptation to cope with the COVID‐19 restrictions.
The oxidation‐resistant CaMKII‐MM281/282VV mutation does not prevent arrhythmias in CPVT1

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia type 1 (CPVT1) is an inherited arrhythmogenic disorder caused by missense mutations in the cardiac ryanodine receptors (RyR2), that result in increased β‐adrenoceptor stimulation‐induced diastolic Ca2+ leak. We have previously shown that exercise training prevents arrhythmias in CPVT1, potentially by reducing the oxidation of Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase type II (CaMKII). Therefore, we tested whether an oxidation‐resistant form of CaMKII protects mice carrying the CPVT1‐causative mutation RyR2‐R2474S (RyR2‐RS) against arrhythmias. Antioxidant treatment (N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine) reduced the frequency of β‐adrenoceptor stimulation‐induced arrhythmogenic Ca2+ waves in isolated cardiomyocytes from RyR2‐RS mice. To test whether the prevention of CaMKII oxidation exerts an antiarrhythmic effect, mice expressing the oxidation‐resistant CaMKII‐MM281/282VV variant (MMVV) were crossed with RyR2‐RS mice to create a double transgenic model (RyR2‐RS/MMVV). Wild‐type mice served as controls. Telemetric ECG surveillance revealed an increased incidence of ventricular tachycardia and an increased arrhythmia score in both RyR2‐RS and RyR2‐RS/MMVV compared to wild‐type mice, both following a β‐adrenoceptor challenge (isoprenaline i.p.), and following treadmill exercise combined with a β‐adrenoceptor challenge. There were no differences in the incidence of arrhythmias between RyR2‐RS and RyR2‐RS/MMVV mice. Furthermore, no differences were observed in β‐adrenoceptor stimulation‐induced Ca2+ waves in RyR2‐RS/MMVV compared to RyR2‐RS. In conclusion, antioxidant treatment reduces β‐adrenoceptor stimulation‐induced Ca2+ waves in RyR2‐RS cardiomyocytes. However, oxidation‐resistant CaMKII‐MM281/282VV does not protect RyR2‐RS mice from β‐adrenoceptor stimulation‐induced Ca2+ waves or arrhythmias. Hence, alternative oxidation‐sensitive targets need to be considered to explain the beneficial effect of antioxidant treatment on Ca2+ waves in cardiomyocytes from RyR2‐RS mice.
Prediction of work productivity outcomes by identifying critical risk factors among garment industry workers

Work productivity is one of the most important economic measures in the manufacturing industry. However, the physical, psychosocial and individual risk factors of an industrial work environment affect workers’ physical or mental health, resulting in work productivity loss, absenteeism and presenteeism. Therefore, this study aims to identify the most critical risk factors and develop statistical models for predicting work productivity loss, absenteeism and presenteeism of garment industry workers. A sample of 224 sewing machine operators was taken for data collection through observation and self-reported studies. The results indicated that the average work productivity loss, absenteeism and presenteeism was 38.21, 2.35 and 37.23%, respectively. Finally, the statistical models of work productivity loss, absenteeism and presenteeism was developed using multiple linear regression with precision of 69.9, 53.7 and 84.0%, respectively. Hence, this study will help garment industries to improve their work productivity by taking initiatives based on the developed models.
Other-Dehumanization Rather Than Self-Dehumanization Mediates the Relationship Between Violent Video Game Exposure and Aggressive Behavior

Recent experimental studies demonstrated playing violent video games induced denying humanness to other people and suggested that other-dehumanization might account for the effect of violent video games on aggressive behavior. However, whether long-term violent video game exposure (VVGE) correlates with other-dehumanization has not been confirmed and the role of self-dehumanization in this effect is still controversial. Thus, this study attempted to provide correlational evidence and examined direct and indirect associations of VVGE and aggressive behavior through self- or other-dehumanization in 612 adolescents. We revealed other-dehumanization was linked with VVGE and it mediated the relationship between VVGE and aggressive behavior. In addition, we did not observe the predictive effect of VVGE for self-dehumanization. Our study suggested the short-term effect of playing a violent video game on other-dehumanization, observed in previous experimental investigations, could be extended to the long-term effect of VVGE. Perceiving others as less human, but not the players themselves, accounted for the effect of VVGE on aggressive behavior.
High Prevalence of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation Without Prior Endoscopy During Acute Variceal Bleeding Hospitalization in the United States

Current clinical guidelines by both American Association for the Study of Liver Disease and European Association for the Study of the Liver recommend endoscopy in all patients admitted with acute variceal bleeding within 12 hours of admission. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation may be considered in patients at high risk if hemorrhage cannot be controlled endoscopically. We conducted a cross‐sectional observational study to assess how frequently TIPS is created for acute variceal bleeding in the United States without preceding endoscopy. Adult patients undergoing TIPS creation for acute variceal bleeding in the United States (n = 6,297) were identified in the last 10 available years (2007‐2016) of the National Inpatient Sample. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between endoscopy nonutilization and hospital characteristics, controlling for patient demographics, income level, insurance type, and disease severity. Of 6,297 discharges following TIPS creation for acute variceal bleeding in the United States, 31% (n = 1,924) did not receive first‐line endoscopy during the same encounter. Rates of “no endoscopy” decreased with increasing population density of the hospital county (nonmicropolitan counties 43%, n = 114; mid‐size metropolitan county 35%, n = 513; and central county with >1 million population 23%, n = 527) but not by hospital teaching status (n = 1,465, 32% teaching vs. n = 430, 26% nonteaching; P = 0.10). Higher disease mortality risk (odds ratio, 0.42; 95% confidence interval, 0.22‐0.80; P = 0.02) was associated with lower odds of noncompliance. Conclusion: One third of all patients undergoing TIPS creation for acute variceal bleeding in the United States do not receive first‐line endoscopy during the same encounter. Patients admitted to urban hospitals are more likely to receive guideline‐concordant care.
Assessment of prediction methods for protein structures determined by NMR in CASP14: Impact of AlphaFold2

NMR studies can provide unique information about protein conformations in solution. In CASP14, three reference structures provided by solution NMR methods were available (T1027, T1029, and T1055), as well as a fourth data set of NMR‐derived contacts for an integral membrane protein (T1088). For the three targets with NMR‐based structures, the best prediction results ranged from very good (GDT_TS = 0.90, for T1055) to poor (GDT_TS = 0.47, for T1029). We explored the basis of these results by comparing all CASP14 prediction models against experimental NMR data. For T1027, NMR data reveal extensive internal dynamics, presenting a unique challenge for protein structure prediction methods. The analysis of T1029 motivated exploration of a novel method of “inverse structure determination,” in which an AlphaFold2 model was used to guide NMR data analysis. NMR data provided to CASP predictor groups for target T1088, a 238‐residue integral membrane porin, was also used to assess several NMR‐assisted prediction methods. Most groups involved in this exercise generated similar beta‐barrel models, with good agreement with the experimental data. However, as was also observed in CASP13, some pure prediction groups that did not use any NMR data generated models for T1088 that better fit the NMR data than the models generated using these experimental data. These results demonstrate the remarkable power of modern methods to predict structures of proteins with accuracies rivaling solution NMR structures, and that it is now possible to reliably use prediction models to guide and complement experimental NMR data analysis.
COMIRE: A Consistence-Based Mislabeled Instances Removal Method

Training neural network classifiers (NNCs) usually requires all instances to be correctly labeled, which is difficult and/or expensive to satisfy in some practical applications. When label noise is present, mislabeled data will severely mislead the training of NNCs, resulting in poor generalization performance. In this work, we address the label noise issue by removing mislabeled instances from the training data. A COnsistence-based Mislabeled Instances REmoval (COMIRE) method is proposed. The main idea is based on the observation that during the training of the NNC, the training loss and the model’s prediction uncertainty of correctly labeled instances show similar trends, while those of mislabeled instances have quite different trends. Thus, the consistency between the two trends can be used to distinguish correctly labeled instances from mislabeled ones. On this basis, an iteration scheme is introduced to further increase the separability between the two types of data. Experimental results show that COMIRE can effectively identify the mislabeled instances. Moreover, the classification performance is significantly improved after removing the identified instances from the noisy training data.
Valveless microliter combustion for densely packed arrays of powerful soft actuators

Significance Even in the rapidly accelerating digital age, the portable, electronic tactile display remains an unsolved actuation technology challenge. The design requirements associated with manufacturing arrays of closely spaced, small actuators are notoriously difficult to satisfy, shown by how currently available actuation strategies fail when implemented at the scale of braille dots. Through experiments with a less common actuation method, microliter combustion in elastomers, we find that hyperelastic membranes can be forcefully and quickly displaced. Without valves, we can pack actuators more closely together to introduce a potential pathway toward powering a practical, portable, electronic haptic display system. Existing tactile stimulation technologies powered by small actuators offer low-resolution stimuli compared to the enormous mechanoreceptor density of human skin. Arrays of soft pneumatic actuators initially show promise as small-resolution (1- to 3-mm diameter), highly conformable tactile display strategies yet ultimately fail because of their need for valves bulkier than the actuators themselves. In this paper, we demonstrate an array of individually addressable, soft fluidic actuators that operate without electromechanical valves. We achieve this by using microscale combustion and localized thermal flame quenching. Precisely, liquid metal electrodes produce sparks to ignite fuel lean methane–oxygen mixtures in a 5-mm diameter, 2-mm tall silicone cylinder. The exothermic reaction quickly pressurizes the cylinder, displacing a silicone membrane up to 6 mm in under 1 ms. This device has an estimated free-inflation instantaneous stroke power of 3 W. The maximum reported operational frequency of these cylinders is 1.2 kHz with average displacements of ∼100 µm. We demonstrate that, at these small scales, the wall-quenching flame behavior also allows operation of a 3 × 3 array of 3-mm diameter cylinders with 4-mm pitch. Though we primarily present our device as a tactile display technology, it is a platform microactuator technology with application beyond this one.
Upregulation of long non‐coding RNA myocardial infarction‐associated transcription is correlated with coronary artery stenosis and elevated inflammation in patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease

Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAD) is a chronic disease caused by multiple risk factors. Aberrant expression of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been regarded as an independent risk factor of CAD. This study evaluated lncRNA myocardial infarction‐associated transcription (MIAT) expression in CAD patients and its clinical significance. Totally, 155 CAD patients and 76 non‐CAD controls were enrolled. MIAT expression was detected using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The clinical diagnostic significance of MIAT was evaluated by plotting the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were detected using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. microRNA (miR)‐29b‐3p expression and pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A (PAPPA) level were detected. MIAT expression in CAD patients (4.23 [1.22–6.50]) was higher than that in non‐CAD controls (1.64 [0.05–2.93]) (p < 0.01) and had an independent correlation with CAD. The area under ROC curve of predicting CAD was calculated as 0.790, the specificity as 71.40%, and the sensitivity as 70.00%. MIAT expression was positively correlated with the C‐reactive protein level (r = 0.769, p < 0.0001) and pro‐inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin 6 (IL‐6), and IL‐8 levels, while negatively correlated with the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10. MIAT was positively correlated with Gensini score and had an independent correlation with it. LncRNA MIAT sponged miR‐29b‐3p and miR‐29b‐3p targeted PAPPA. In conclusion, lncRNA MIAT was upregulated in the peripheral blood of CAD patients and elicited clinical diagnostic significance. MIAT participated in the development of CAD via miR‐29b‐3p/PAPPA axis. This study provides insights into a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of CAD.
Malware Images Classification Using Convolutional Neural Network

Deep learning has been recently achieving a great performance for malware classification task. Several research studies such as that of converting malware into gray-scale images have helped to improve the task of classification in the sense that it is easier to use an image as input to a model that uses Deep Learning’s Convolutional Neural Network. In this paper, we propose a Con-volutional Neural Network model for malware image classification that is able to reach 98% accuracy.
Spatial distribution of groundwater recharge, based on regionalized soil moisture models in Wadi Natuf karst aquifers, Palestine

Abstract. While groundwater recharge is considered fundamental to hydrogeological insights and basin management, only relatively little attention has been paid to its spatial distribution. And in ungauged catchments it has rarely been quantified, especially on the catchment scale. For the first time, this study attempts such analysis, in a previously ungauged basin. Our work based on field data of several soil moisture stations, which represent five geological formations of karst rock in Wadi Natuf, a semi-arid to sub-humid Mediterranean catchment in the occupied Palestinian West Bank. For that purpose, recharge was conceptualized as deep percolation from soil moisture under saturation excess conditions, which had been modelled parsimoniously and separately with different formation-specific recharge rates. For the regionalisation, inductive methods of empirical field-measurements and observations were combined with deductive approaches of extrapolation, following the recommendations for hydrological Prediction in Ungauged Basins (PUB), by the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS). Our results show an average annual recharge estimation in Wadi Natuf Catchment (103 km2), ranging from 24 to 28 Mm3/yr, equivalent to recharge coefficients (RC) of 39–46 % of average annual precipitation. Thus, for the first time, formation-specific RC-values could be derived, assessed and quantified in their spatial distribution, and by creating a schematic conceptual basin classification framework for regionalisation that is also applicable in many comparable sedimentary basins in the Mediterranean and worldwide.
An Integrated Territory Planning and Vehicle Routing Approach for a Multi-Objective Residential Waste Collection Problem

In this paper, we address a multi-objective residential waste collection problem with an integrated territory planning and vehicle routing approach. Dividing the problem into territories enables drivers to carry out the same route every week so they get familiar with it and residents put out their bins at the appropriate time. Another benefit is to reduce the computation time for large problems, since the complex characteristics of the involved vehicle routing problem make it otherwise difficult to solve. There are three characteristics that are important for good territory planning: minimum overlap, minimum travel time, and balanced workload. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence these three objectives have on each other, since they might be contradictory. Moreover, an Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) algorithm is developed for this specific problem which uses a K-means algorithm to generate the initial solution for territories. The results with the three objectives are shown to be useful for planners seeking to make informed decisions through the trade-off across different solutions with the Pareto frontiers provided. Moreover, the ALNS algorithm is shown to find good quality solutions in a reasonable computational time.
The Role of Team–Member Exchange in Proactive Personality and Employees’ Proactive Behaviors: The Moderating Effect of Transformational Leadership

This study conceptualizes team–member exchange as a mediator and transformational leadership as a moderator to understand the role of proactive personality in two types of proactive behaviors (affiliative and challenging). Considering the issue of common method variance, data were collected following a multitemporal and multisource research design, and the hypotheses were tested on a sample of 210 participants. The results showed that after controlling leader–member exchange, team–member exchange mediated the relationship between proactive personality and employees’ proactive behaviors. In addition, transformational leadership strengthened the positive relationship between the team–member exchange and challenging proactive behavior. Moreover, transformational leadership had a stronger moderating effect on challenging proactive behavior than affiliative proactive behavior. Strengths, limitations, practical implications, and directions for future research are discussed.
A critical self-reflexive account of a privileged researcher in a complicated setting: Kakuma refugee camp

As a white, Western-educated man, undertaking research in Kakuma refugee camp, Kenya, I encountered ethical dilemmas related to my privileged racial and gender status. These include power imbalances between researchers and refugees and conducting research in the face of human suffering. Through critical self-reflexivity, I analyze my own experiences to reveal the personal and professional vulnerabilities that researchers from high-income countries (HICs) may encounter when working in contexts where oppression and forced displacement are prominent. I conclude that researchers who work in contexts of forced migration must extend beyond the boundaries of procedural research ethics and include components of relational ethics. This involves close collaboration with refugee participants to develop more culturally relevant research ethics guidelines for refugee-specific populations.