Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural, Optical and Mechanical Properties of Nanocrystalline Molybdenum Thin Films Deposited under Variable Substrate Temperature

Molybdenum (Mo), which is one among the refractory metals, is a promising material with a wide variety of technological applications in microelectronics, optoelectronics, and energy conversion and storage. However, understanding the structure–property correlation and optimization at the nanoscale dimension is quite important to meet the requirements of the emerging nanoelectronics and nanophotonics. In this context, we focused our efforts to derive a comprehensive understanding of the nanoscale structure, phase, and electronic properties of nanocrystalline Mo films with variable microstructure and grain size. Molybdenum films were deposited under varying temperature (25–500 °C), which resulted in Mo films with variable grain size of 9–22 nm. The grazing incidence X-ray diffraction analyses indicate the (110) preferred growth behavior the Mo films, though there is a marked decrease in hardness and elastic modulus values. In particular, there is a sizable difference in maximum and minimum elastic modulus values; the elastic modulus decreased from ~460 to 260–280 GPa with increasing substrate temperature from 25–500 °C. The plasticity index and wear resistance index values show a dramatic change with substrate temperature and grain size. Additionally, the optical properties of the nanocrystalline Mo films evaluated by spectroscopic ellipsometry indicate a marked dependence on the growth temperature and grain size. This dependence on grain size variation was particularly notable for the refractive index where Mo films with lower grain size fell in a range between ~2.75–3.75 across the measured wavelength as opposed to the range of 1.5–2.5 for samples deposited at temperatures of 400–500 °C, where the grain size is relatively higher. The conductive atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies indicate a direct correlation with grain size variation and grain versus grain boundary conduction; the trend noted was improved electrical conductivity of the Mo films in correlation with increasing grain size. The combined ellipsometry and conductive AFM studies allowed us to optimize the structure–property correlation in nanocrystalline Mo films for application in electronics and optoelectronics.
A self-developed MyD88 inhibitor across the blood-brain barrier fully reverses acute cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury

Background: The acute ischemia-reperfusion injury that occurs after an ischemic stroke is almost inevitable. In treating ischemic stroke, the prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is an undeniable difficulty clinically. Despite increasing studies being done on the subject, medicines showing effective neurological improvements after reperfusion is still minimal. This study aims to investigate the effects of a self-developed MyD88 inhibitor (TJ-M2010-5) on CIRI and its mechanism.Methods: The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was used to simulate CIRI in mice. BV-2 cells were cultured for the mechanism study by LPS stimulation in vitro. Neurological deficit score and cerebral infarction volume were studied. Immunofluorescence staining was used to measure neuronal damage and apoptosis in the brain. The anti-inflammation effect of TJ-M2010-5 was evaluated by analyzing the expression of inflammatory cytokines, activation of microglia and infiltration of peripheral myeloid cells. The expression of TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB signaling pathway protein was detected by Simple Western. The concentrations of TJ-M2010-5 in blood and brain were analyzed by LC-MS methods.Results: The cerebral infarction volume decreased in mice treated with TJ-M2010-5, with the most prominent decrease in approximately 80% of the original infarction volume. Moreover, the downregulation of apoptosis and NeuN protein expression in the brain of infarction area further indicated that neuronal damage was alleviated. TJ-M2010-5 treatment also reduced the infiltration ratio of peripheral myeloid cells in the cerebral infarction area and increased the proportion of inactive microglia. The inflammatory cytokines decreased after TJ-M2010-5 treatment in infarction area and supernatant. TJ-M2010-5 downregulated the expression of iNOS and inhibited TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. In addition, TJ-M2010-5 could freely pass through the blood-brain barrier.Conclusions: TJ-M2010-5 has shown to have an excellent therapeutic effect on CIRI by inhibiting TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB signaling pathway to decrease excessive inflammatory response, showing the potential to change the history that there is no effective medicine for the treatment of CIRI. and also has the potential to be utilized in brain neuroinflammatory diseases.
ServoFlight: pneumatically actuated full flight simulator

Abstract This contribution covers a new way to provide motion feedback in a full flight simulator. Seven pneumatic cylinders are utilized to actuate our 6 degrees-of-freedom motion platform. The motion platform being investigated is a parallel manipulator configured similarly to a Stewart platform with additional one redundant cylinder in the middle. The models of the pneumatic cylinder and the parallel manipulator are used to derive a dual control method. The dual control follows two different trajectories which are generated by a modified motion cueing algorithm and a force trajectory generator. The measurements are conducted on a full size build. The experiment results show that the platform performs well with a low total transport delay, therefore the platform is suitable to be used in a full flight simulator.
Description of the Labour Market Status of Young People in Selected Countries of the European Union – The Taxonomic Approach

Abstract The primary objective of the article was to classify objects that are labour markets of young people in selected EU countries in order to create relatively homogeneous groups based on the set of variables considered. This allowed to examine the similarities of the selected member states and to compare the two years of 2008 and 2018. The analysis used EUROSTAT (17 macroeconomic and demographic variables) data for selected EU countries. The study used hierarchical methods to agglomerate objects through a dendrogram to illustrate the linkages between countries applying Ward’s method for Euclidean distances. A non-hierarchical k-means method was also used to examine the allocation of objects and assess the relevance of the study by minimizing the variability within the resulting clusters, thereby maximizing the variability between them. The results provide a basis for improving the measurement of the situation of young people in the labour market by showing factors significantly influencing the level of employment and unemployment of young people. This study opens the door to future research on the labour market situation in the member states.
White American Students' Recognition of Racial Microaggressions in Higher Education.

Racial microaggressions often occur in U.S. higher education. However, less is known about how White American students reason about their evaluations of racial microaggressions. The current study investigated how 213 White college students (54.46% cisgender women) attending a PWI in the Southeast U.S. in the Fall of 2019 justified their evaluations of the acceptability of racial microaggressions presented in vignettes. Following Social Domain Theory, to assess participants' social reasoning, we conducted quantitative content analysis of participants' open-ended justifications for their evaluations. Multiple regression analyses revealed that participants were less likely to evaluate racial microaggressions as negative the more they employed justifications focused on 1) assuming that the behaviors in the situation followed conventions of the classroom, 2) judging the professor's response as correct, and 3) asserting that the behavior was likely to happen to anyone. Further, the higher participants' endorsement of color-blind attitudes the more likely they were to evaluate racial microaggressions as appropriate. However, reasoning centered on 1) assuming differential treatment based on race, 2) perceiving the behavior as harmful, and 3) considering the behavior was against conventional expectations was associated with finding racial microaggressions to be more negative. The current study highlights the value of investigating underlying reasoning behind evaluating racial microaggressions in addition to color-blind attitudes. The findings suggest that higher education professionals should consider interventions which pay particular attention to unpacking students' reasoning, untangling acceptance of Ethnocentric narratives and providing information that challenges classroom behaviors that, while potentially appearing conventional, in fact perpetuate harm through microaggressions.
Is a steel-cased borehole an electrical transmission line?.

Under certain restricting assumptions, an electrically energized steel-cased geologic borehole may be modeled as an electrical transmission line. Current waveforms are obtained by solving the governing telegraph equation in the frequency-domain, followed by numerical inverse Fourier transformation. Electric current pulses propagating along the borehole undergo progressive amplitude loss and waveform distortion with distance, arising from leakage of current into the surrounding geology. A major modeling uncertainty involves the proper boundary condition to impose at the end of a borehole transmission line.
Characteristics of Turbulence Driven by Transient Magnetic Reconnection in the Terrestrial Magnetotail

This paper investigates the evolution of turbulence within the magnetotail reconnection exhaust observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft. The reconnection was in an unsteady state that caused significant temporal variations in the outflow speed. By dividing the exhaust into nine fast flows, we analyzed and compared the characteristics of turbulence in these nine flows. We find that the strength of the intermittency has a good relationship with the peak speed of the fast flows. The higher-order analysis of magnetic field fluctuations reveals that the turbulence is multifractal in the inertial range for these flows except one with the highest peak speed. Moreover, the turbulence is monofractal on kinetic scales in all of these fast flows. The magnetic energy was intermittently dissipated in these turbulent flows, predominantly occurred in the coherent structures. Since the coherent structures with the largest energy dissipation in these flows are different, we suggest that the mechanism of energy dissipation may be different among these flows.
Wideband compact phase shifter based on hybrid half-mode substrate integrated waveguide and spoof surface plasmon polariton

This paper proposes a wideband compact equal-length phase shifter based on the hybrid half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) and spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) concept for the first time. The HMSIW transmission lines (TLs) with different widths result in different propagation constants. The difference of propagation constants between two HMSIW TLs with two different widths decreases as the frequency increases. Therefore, a wideband phase shifter cannot be designed by using this technique. In this paper, a series of half-butterfly grooves are etched on the top conductor layer of the HMSIW TL to compensate the phase shift. The combination of the SSPP and HMSIW structures provides a higher degree of freedom to keep the propagation constants difference constantly. Accordingly, a wideband response can be achieved by properly tuning the structure. Here, the dispersion characteristic of the butterfly-shaped HMSIW-SSPP can be adjusted by changing the width of the HMSIW and the radius and angle of the half-butterfly grooves. Moreover, the HMSIW-SSPP structure with half-butterfly grooves reduces both longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the proposed circuit. It has more slow-wave effects than the traditional counterpart with rectangular grooves. To validate the concept, a 90∘ phase shifter is designed and fabricated on a single-layer substrate at the center frequency of 5.8 GHz covering WLAN. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement. The measured results show that the phase shifter has a fractional bandwidth of 31.7% with a phase error of ±3.5∘ , an insertion of 1.1±0.25 dB, and a return loss of higher than 13.8 dB. Also, the size of the proposed phase shifter is 0. 4λg×2. 18λg .
Wind-induced vibration control of long span transmission tower with suspended mass pendulums

To research the effectiveness of passive control device on tower vibration control,a tunnel test model with suspended mass pendulums was proposed.Based on the mechanism and equation of wind vibration control,wind-induced vibration control for transmission tower model with suspended mass pendulums was performed by using a full aeroelastic model test.The time history of fluctuating wind velocities was simulated by using trigonometric series and adapting Simiu power spectrum.According to quasi-steady theory,the along-wind acceleration time history and root of mean square(RMS) with or without suspended mass pendulums control were calculated in the time domain,and the optimal design parameters of suspended mass pendulums were also determined.The results show that the acceleration RMS of tower tip obtained by simulated wind load agrees well with the experiment data,and the proposed model is very effective in mitigating tower vibration.
Home-Based Businesses: Setting Straight The Urban Myths

Abstract Home-based businesses make up the largest cohort of Australian businesses yet there has been little dedicated empirical research conducted into this group, as they have either been ignored as a discrete group or subsumed into the generic grouping of small business. A major reason for this lack of research is because home-based businesses have often been assumed to be hobby or artisan types of businesses, operated in an ad hoc part-time basis, mainly by women and often out of the metropolitan area, thus not conforming to mainstream business. The inference which can be made from these assumptions is that home-based business are not ‘legitimate’ or real businesses. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a recent study into home-based businesses, which refute most of the assumptions and provide evidence that most home-based businesses are legitimate business operations. In addition home-based businesses are shown to be generators of real employment and that they also make a significant economic and social contribution to their local community.
Fault Critical Point Prediction Method of Nuclear Gate Valve with Small Samples Based on Characteristic Analysis of Operation

The number of fault samples for the new nuclear valve is commonly rare; thus, the machine learning algorithm is not suitable for the fault prediction of this kind of equipment. In order to overcome this difficulty, this paper proposes a novel method for the fault critical point prediction of the gate valve based on the characteristic analysis of the operation process variables. The operation process of gate valve switch often contains various fault characteristics and information, and this method first adopts the Shannon entropy to describe the power spectrum of vibration signal relevant to the operation process of gate valve switch, and then employs the mean value of the power spectrum entropy as an indirect process variable and further investigates the differences between the indirect process variable under the healthy state and the fault state with a different fault degree. In addition, the power signal of the gate valve is also employed as the direct process variable and the features of the direct process variable under the healthy state and the fault state with different fault degrees are also investigated. Based on the previous indirect process variable and direct process variable, the prediction approach for the critical point of the gate valve fault is established by analyzing the change in the indirect process variable and direct process variable before and after faults. Finally, the data of a nuclear gate valve experiment are employed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method and the results show that the proposed method can effectively predict the fault critical point of the mentioned nuclear gate valve. If the diagnostic threshold is set properly, the critical point prediction of a nuclear gate valve fault can be realized as 100% or close to 100%. Furthermore, the proposed method can be directly applied to the nuclear gate valve in a nuclear power plant to improve the operation reliability of the valve. At the same time, the method can be applied to the fault diagnosis and prediction of valves in other fields, such as the chemical industry.
A Need for Considering Digital Inequality When Studying Social Media Use and Well-Being

Digital inequality scholarship has consistently found that people from varying societal positions experience digital media in their lives in divergent ways. Therefore, the growing body of research examining the relationship of social media use and well-being should account for the role of social inequality. This piece synthesizes key empirical research that has addressed the nexus of digital inequality, social media use, and well-being from one or more angles. Based on this extant scholarship, we develop a framework for research that integrates relevant perspectives from multiple disciplines.
Analysis of Petrol: A Clarification for Purity of Petrol

The samples of petrol are received by the forensic science laboratories for testing its purity and adulteration. The purity of petrol is defined by various physical and chemical properties. Those properties include its colour, smell, density, distillation range and composition or the content of petrol. Interesting results were obtained during examination of petrol samples in which there may arise a question regarding its purity due to drastic change in the properties of petrol. The present study investigates reasons for the drastic changes in the properties of pure petrol to prove it to be genuine or pure one.
Genetic diversity of indigenous guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) using microsatellite markers in northern Togo

Indigenous guinea fowl is an important animal resource for improving rural household income. In order to provide molecular data for a sustainable management of this poultry resource, an assessment of the genetic diversity and phylogenic relationships was undertaken on seven guinea fowl phenotypes from two agroecological zones (Dry Savannah and Atakora) of Togo. Genotyping was carried out using 18 microsatellite markers on 94 individuals from Dry Savannah (59) and Atakora (35) zones. The results obtained showed a high genetic diversity, with six as an average alleles per locus and an observed heterozygosity of 0.512. However, the FIS values varied from 0.047 (Lavender) to 0.257 (Albino), reflecting a deficit of heterozygotes, which suggests low to moderate inbreeding levels. The genetic distances between phenotypes are low, ranging from 0.0068 (Bonaparte-Pearl grey) to 0.1559 (Lavender-Albino), unlike the strong genetic identities that reflect a strong genetic similarity between the seven phenotypes of indigenous guinea fowl studied. These results indicate the existence of a single indigenous guinea fowl population, derived from three probable parental populations, with a high within population genetic diversity (phenotypic or agroecological zone). These results could be of use to conservation and improvement programs aiming at the maintenance and sustainable exploitation of this important socio-cultural and economic resource in Togo.
Novel mathematical and computational approaches for modelling biological systems

This work presents the development, analysis and subsequent simulations of mathematical models aimed at providing a basis for modelling atherosclerosis. This cardiovascular disease is characterized by the growth of plaque in artery walls, forming lesions that protrude into the lumen. The rupture of these lesions contributes greatly to the number of cases of stroke and myocardial infarction. These are two of the main causes of death in the UK. Any work to understand the processes by which the disease initiates and progresses has the ultimate aim of limiting the disease through either its prevention or medical treatment and thus contributes a relevant addition to the growing body of research. The literature supports the view that the cause of atherosclerotic lesions is an in inflammatory process-succinctly put, excess amounts of certain biochemical species fed into the artery wall via the bloodstream spur the focal accumulation of extraneous cells. Therefore, suitable components of a mathematical model would include descriptions of the interactions of the various biochemical species and their movement in space and time. The models considered here are in the form of partial differential equations. Specifically, the following models are examined: first, a system of reaction-diffusion equations with coupling between surface and bulk species; second, a problem of optimisation to identify an unknown boundary; and finally, a system of advection-reaction-diffusion equations to model the assembly of keratin networks inside cells. These equations are approximated and solved computationally using the finite element method. The methods and algorithms shown aim to provide more accurate and efficient means to obtain solutions to such equations. Each model in this work is extensible and with elements from each model combined, they have scope to be a platform to give a fuller model of atherosclerosis.
Quantitative Flow Visualization Techniques in the Aerospace Field

航空 ・宇宙分野 における流れの研究の特徴 として,離 着陸時の低速度域か ら通常の旅客機/輸 送機巡航速度の 遷音速域 さらに超音速,極 超音速とい う音速よりもはる かに速い速度域 まで,非 常に広い速度範囲を対象 とする 必要があるということが挙げられる. そ のため,航 空機 や宇宙機の性能向上,安 全性の確保を目的として,様 々 な速度域での風洞試験が行われている. 速度域毎に特有の流れ現象が存在するため,そ れ らを 計測するためには風洞設備 だけではなく計測法,可 視化 法もその速度域や風洞形式に合わせたものを採用 しなけ ればならない. 宇宙航空研究開発機構(JAXA)の 風洞技術開発 セン ターには,上 記の要求に対応するため,6.5m×5.5m 低 速風洞,2m×2m遷 音 速風 洞,1m×1m超 音速風 洞,1. 27m極 超音速風洞の4つ の大型実用風洞をはじ めとして多 くの風洞が整備され,運 用されている. ここでは,そ れら大型風洞で実際に行なわれている定 量的可視化測定法の主要 なものについて,風 洞現場での 現在の実用化状況 を紹介する. 航空機の主翼 まわ りの剥離流 ・後流や渦 ・噴流などと いった3次 元速度場の計測に適 している粒子画像流速測 定(PIV;Particle Image Velocimetry)法(2章),航 空機の抵抗お よび剥離特性 を大 きく左右す る境界層の乱 流遷移を2次 元的に測定する遷移位置計測法(3章), 航空機模型の表面圧力の詳細な分布を画像データとして 得 る感 圧塗 料(PSP;Pressure-Sensitive Paint)法(4 章),極 超音速領域で特に重要な要素 となる空力加熱の 詳細分布を模型表面温度変化か ら求める赤外線空力加熱 計測法(5章)の4手 法 について,そ の原理お よび具体 的な計測例 について述べ るとともに,各 技術の持つ問題 点および克服すべ き技術課題について も簡単に触れたい. 2. PIV計 測法