Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Tunable True Random Number Generator with an enhanced DCM for Xilinx FPGA

True random number generators (TRNGs) play a very important role in modern cryptographic systems. Fieldprogrammable gate arrays (FPGAs) form an ideal platform for hardware implementations of many of these security algorithms. In this brief, we present a highly efficient and tunable TRNG based on the principle of beat frequency detection, specifically for Xilinx-FPGA-based applications. The main advantages of the proposed TRNG are its on-the-fly tunability through dynamic partial reconfiguration to improve randomness qualities. We describe the mathematical model of the TRNG operations and experimental results for the circuit implemented on a Xilinx Virtex -V FPGA. The proposed TRNG has low hardware footprint and built-in bias elimination capabilities. The random bitstreams generated from it pass all tests in the NIST statistical testsuite.
STUDY ON RESEARCH PAPER RECOMMENDER SYSTEM

Research article plays a vital role in developing a knowledge which is helpful in the analysis. There are many reference papers already made by researchers. To search an appropriate research paper is a tedious task. The traditional approach is focused on keyword-based searches to obtain a list of papers. And it requires researchers to review papers for selection as a reference paper. This is a time-consuming approach; this new technique is efficient and has a great demand in the processing of papers. To make it possible citation recommendation is used with mutual reinforcement on three layers. Each paper is considered as a vertex of the paper layer, author layer, and venue layer. To improve citation recommendation clustering is used with three strategies. Keywords—Clustering, Mutually reinforced model, personalized citation recommendation, three-layered interactive clustering, Collaborative filtering, Tokenization.
Application of Genetic Algorithm for Reduction of Sidelobes from Thinned Arrays

Sidelobe reduction is one of the most important aspects in the design of antenna arrays for low Electro Magnetic Interference applications. It can be achieved through non-uniform spacing, amplitude-only synthesis, phase-only synthesis, or a combination of above. Thinning an antenna array not only results in low sidelobes but also reduces cost, weight and design complexity. This paper presents the design of linear array of isotropic elements which generates low sidelobe patterns. The array is excited with prefixed amplitude taper and simultaneously thinned. A Genetic Algorithm is employed to find the optimum thinning configurations. Numerically simulated results are presented for different number of elements.
Towards an analytical framework for understanding the establishment of quality assurance in joint doctoral degree programmes between European and Chinese universities

This paper explores quality assurance in Europe-China doctoral education, an area that has been largely under-researched by both constructing an analytical framework and applying it in a specific empirical case. The analytical framework is developed from the perspective of institutional theory with a particular focus on understanding the establishment of quality assurance in cross-border joint educational programme as reconciling between different conceptions of quality both sides’ providers as well as possible factors facilitating the process. In the empirical analysis, we take a joint doctoral programme between a Chinese university and a Portuguese university as an example to analyse the initiation and implementation of quality assurance system in the programme. While developing a system accommodating the traditions and needs of both sides is not an easy task, we found that a few factors that may facilitate the process, namely profitability of the programme, institutional compatibility of the both the Chinese and Portuguese parties, and agency of some key managers.
Income inequality and social gradients in children’s height: a comparison of cohort studies from five high-income countries

Background Health and well-being are better, on average, in countries that are more equal, but less is known about how this benefit is distributed across society. Height is a widely used, objective indicator of child health and predictor of lifelong well-being. We compared the level and slope of social gradients in children’s height in high-income countries with different levels of income inequality, in order to investigate whether children growing up in all socioeconomic circumstances are healthier in more equal countries. Methods We conducted a coordinated analysis of data from five cohort studies from countries selected to represent different levels of income inequality (the USA, UK, Australia, the Netherlands and Sweden). We used standardised methods to compare social gradients in children’s height at age 4–6 years, by parent education status and household income. We used linear regression models and predicted height for children with the same age, sex and socioeconomic circumstances in each cohort. Results The total analytic sample was 37 063 children aged 4–6 years. Gradients by parent education and household income varied between cohorts and outcomes. After adjusting for differences in age and sex, children in more equal countries (Sweden, the Netherlands) were taller at all levels of parent education and household income than children in less equal countries (USA, UK and Australia), with the greatest between-country differences among children with less educated parents and lowest household incomes. Conclusions The study provides preliminary evidence that children across society do better in more equal countries, with greatest benefit among children from the most disadvantaged socioeconomic groups.
A Review of Crowd Counting Techniques

Crowd counting application plays a vital role in the field of security system. In recent years video surveillance has typically advanced in technology for outdoor security. This survey paper describes the challenges of counting the crowd in a crowded environment. It also provides a survey of various work carried out in crowd counting. The paper also implemented a crowd counting application based on Histogram of Oriented gradients with Support Vector Machine (HOG/SVM) techniques.The implemented proposed method was tested by using the Mall dataset and the results are provided.
Hierarchical Topic Clustering over Large Collections of Documents

Grouping a collection of documents according to similar topics enables readers to quickly obtain information conveyed by these documents. It also plays a critical role in the automatic generation of an overview report. For a large corpus containing thousands of (long) documents, however, each topic may further contain multiple subtopics. This motivates us to study hierarchical topic clustering over a very large collection of documents. We present HTC, a hierarchical topic clustering scheme, to discover efficiently topic relationships over a large corpus of documents with high accuracy based on a one-level topic clustering algorithm. In particular, we implement HTC based on LDA and Spectral Clustering and evaluate their performance over two large datasets. We show that HTC with LDA over summaries of documents with length ratio (summary length over document length) equal to 0.3 achieves a good trade-off between accuracy and time complexity.
Synchronization of Coupled van der Pol Oscillators with Distributed Hub Nodes

In this study, we focus on network structure with a hub which is consisted of Scale-free network. We consider the synchronization of coupled van der Pol oscillator network whose hub nodes are split two nodes. We investigate synchronization phenomena of network which a hub node replace by two distributed nodes connected by a negative resistor. Furthermore, we compare synchronization phenomena of this network of coupled van der Pol oscillators and chaotic circuits.
Drug Interactions Involving the Cytochrome P450 Enzymes: Analysis ofCommon Combinations of Antibiotics and Pain Relieving Drugs

Objective: For clinicians it is challenging to oversee complex drug interactionsof multi-drug administration. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients are frequently under long-term medication with multiple anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving drugs, which are mainly metabolized by the Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs). Additionally, treatment of co-morbidities, such as inflammatory periodontal disease (PD) may have to involve further drug administration. The aim of this investigation was to analyze drug interactions in the therapy of RA and PD and to provide a resource for health professionals to easily check interactions and avoid potential side effects. Methods: Information on drug administration in the therapy of RA and PD and expression data of human tissues regarding CYPs was gathered and/or analyzed from scientific literature and web resources. A literature compilation was developed and CYP interaction tables were generated. Results: Side effects, such as enzyme overload or enzyme induction and inhibition may occur in the therapy of RA and PD. To overcome these problems, a web-interface was developed to optimize drug cocktails. The compilation provides manually curated information on the metabolism of 1,500 drugs including 100,000 PubMed references, covering a variety of co-morbidities. Moreover, based on the WHO classification system for drugs (ATCcodes), the knowledge base offers drug alternatives, avoiding CYP-related problems. The web-interface is publicly available: http://bioinformatics.charite. de/perio Conclusions: After a detailed drug anamnesis, health professionals should use a web-interface to check drug interactions involving CYP metabolism, which may circumvent adverse side effects and optimize interdisciplinary drug therapy.
The Child Evaluation Checklist (CHECK): A Screening Questionnaire for Detecting Daily Functional “Red Flags” of Underrecognized Neurodevelopmental Disorders among Preschool Children

Background Early identification of invisible comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders, such as specific learning disorders, attention deficit hyperactive disorders, and developmental coordination disorders, is crucial to improving children's daily functional deficits related to executive functions. However, a practical questionnaire to address parents' concerns is lacking. Aims To develop a reliable and valid assessment tool that can identify young children at risk for invisible underrecognized neurodevelopmental disorders. This article describes the development and standardization of the Child Evaluation Checklist (CHECK). Methods and Procedures Participants were 186 children aged 3 to 6 years: 91 with suspected invisible neurodevelopmental disorders, and 95 controls with typical development. Parents completed a demographic questionnaire, the CHECK, and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version (BRIEF-P). Outcomes and Results The CHECK's construct validity indicated high internal consistency for each part (Part A: α = .94; Part B: α = .90) and moderate-to-high consistency for each of Part A's four factors. Significant correlations, as well as significant group differences, were found between the CHECK factors and BRIEF-P scores. Conclusions and Implications Use of the CHECK allows for timely identification of suspicious (“red flags”) invisible neurodevelopmental disorders. It may support parents' sufficient awareness and knowledge to refer their children for comprehensive evaluation and intervention.
Noncytotoxic Pyrrolobenzodiazepine–Ciprofloxacin Conjugate with Activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The development of new antitubercular agents for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an urgent priority. Pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs) are a promising class of antibacterial agents that were initially discovered and isolated from a range of Streptomyces species. Recently, C8-linked PBD monomers have been shown to work by inhibiting DNA gyrase and have demonstrated activity against M. tuberculosis. However, both PBD monomers and dimers are toxic to eukaryotic cells, limiting their development as antibacterial agents. To eliminate the toxicity associated with PBDs and explore the effect of C8-modification with a known antibacterial agent with the same mechanism of action (i.e., ciprofloxacin, a gyrase inhibitor), we synthesized a C8-linked PBD–ciprofloxacin (PBD–CIP, 3) hybrid. The hybrid compound displayed minimum inhibitory concentration values of 0.4 or 2.1 μg/mL against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains, respectively. A molecular modeling study showed good interaction of compound 3 with wild-type M. tuberculosis DNA gyrase, suggesting gyrase inhibition as a possible mechanism of action. Compound 3 is a nontoxic combination hybrid that can be utilized as a new scaffold and further optimized to develop new antitubercular agents.
Inflammation-Related MicroRNAs Are Associated with Plaque Stability Calculated by IVUS in Coronary Heart Disease Patients

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the association between inflammation-related microRNAs (miR-21, 146a, 155) and the plaque stability in coronary artery disease patients. Methods The expression of miR-21, 146a, and 155 was measured by real-time PCR in 310 consecutive patients. The level of hs-CRP, IL-6, and IL-8 was measured by ELISA. The plaque stability of coronary stenotic lesions was evaluated with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Results (1) The levels of hs-CRP, IL-6, and IL-8 were significantly increased in the UAP and AMI groups compared with the CPS group (P < 0.01). (2) The expression of miR-21 and miR-146a in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma was significantly higher in CAD patients compared with non-CAD patients, whereas the miR-155 expression in PBMCs and plasma was significantly lower in patients with CAD. (3) The miR-21 expression in PBMCs was higher in UAP and AMI groups compared with CPS group. The miR-146a expression in PBMCs was higher in SAP, UAP, and AMI groups than in CPS group. Although the level of miR-155 in PBMCs was lower in SAP, UAP, and AMI groups than in CPS group. The expression patterns of miR-21, miR-146a, and miR-155 in plasma were consistent with those of PBMCs. (4) The expressions of miR-21 and miR-146a in PBMCs and plasma were significantly higher in the vulnerable plaque group than those in stable plaque group. While miR-155 in PBMCs and plasma was significantly lower in vulnerable plaque group compared with stable plaque group. (5) The levels of miR-21 and miR-146a in PBMCs and plasma were significantly higher in soft plaque group than in fibrous plaque group and calcified plaque group. However, miR-155 in PBMCs and plasma was significantly lower in soft plaque group. Conclusions The expression of miR-21 and miR-146a are associated with the plaque stability in coronary stenotic lesions, whereas miR-155 expression is inversely associated with the plaque stability.
Prediction of health information-seeking behavior components based on health anxiety among users of public libraries

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to predict health information-seeking behavior (HISB) components based on health anxiety among users of public libraries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population consisted of users of public libraries. Data collection tools included the HISB questionnaire and the Short Form of Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI). RESULTS: The results indicated that health anxiety was a significant predictor of the components of HISB. The illness likelihood had a direct relationship with the components of the need for health information and the purposefulness of health information seeking, and it was inversely related to barriers to obtaining health information. In addition, the preoccupation with illness was directly related to the components of the need for health information, the diversity of health information sources, the time of referring to health information sources, the purposefulness of health information seeking, and evaluation of reasons for referring to the library. CONCLUSION: Among the components of health anxiety, preoccupation to the disease has the highest role in the emergence of users' information-seeking behavior.
Knowledge, attitudes, and coping strategies regarding pubertal changes among adolescent girls: Risks and compliances for health promotion in puberty

BACKGROUND: Adolescent girls experience physical, psychological, and social changes during puberty. Lack of sufficient information, skills, and readiness to overcome this stressful situation make them vulnerable. The present study aims to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and strategy used for coping with puberty crises of female secondary school students in Karaj, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five-hundred and seventy female secondary school students from Karaj, Iran participated in this cross-sectional study. Knowledge, attitudes, and coping strategies of adolescents about puberty were evaluated using various questionnaires. The obtained data were analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher's exact, Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney, and Spearman tests. RESULTS: The average age of participants was 15.28 ± 1.58 years old. About 85.1% of the participants had high knowledge about puberty and 66.7% had a good attitude toward it. Nearly, 54.2% of the girls used the avoidance-oriented coping strategy. There was no significant relationship between knowledge and attitude regarding selective strategies to cope with stressful situations in puberty. CONCLUSION: According to the results, continuous training in secondary schools is necessary to improve adolescents’ knowledge and attitudes toward puberty. Moreover, more training is required to change the dominant avoidance-oriented coping strategy to a task-oriented approach, especially at the first-grade level in secondary school.
The Ethics of Using Human Remains in Medical Exhibitions: A Case Study of the Cushing Center

This paper presents an ethical framework for the creation and consideration of medical exhibits displaying human remains. Using the Cushing Center at the Yale School of Medicine as a case study, the aim is to delineate the rights that donors of human tissue maintain post mortem. Moreover, this article focuses a critical lens to the doctor-patient relationship, whether it should extend post mortem, and the implication of this for viewers. Ultimately, this account emphasizes the complex ethical factors that should be considered when assessing the function of a medical exhibition.
Nitrogen-Plasma-Treated Continuous Monolayer MoS2 for Improving Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Theoretically, the edges of a MoS2 flake and S-vacancy within the lattice have nearly zero Gibbs free energy for hydrogen adsorption, which is essentially correlated to the exchange currents in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, MoS2 possesses insufficient active sites (edges and S-vacancies) in pristine form. Interestingly, active sites can be effectively engineered within the continuous MoS2 sheets by treating it with plasma in a controlled manner. Here, we employed N2 plasma on a large-area continuous-monolayer MoS2 synthesized via metal–organic chemical vapor deposition to acquire maximum active sites that are indeed required for an efficient HER performance. The MoS2 samples with maximum active sites were acquired by optimizing the plasma exposure time. The newly induced edges and S-vacancies were directly verified by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The 20 min treated MoS2 sample showed maximum active sites and thereby maximum HER activity, onset overpotential of ∼−210 mV vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), and Tafel slope of ∼89 mV/dec. Clearly, the above results show that this approach can be employed for improving the HER efficiency of large-scale MoS2-based electrocatalysts.
Psychometric Properties of Sensory Processing and Self-Regulation Checklist (SPSRC)

Background Some children may encounter difficulties in processing sensory stimuli, which may affect their ability to participate in activities of daily living. Self-regulation abilities may also affect children on how to process different sensory experiences. The Sensory Processing and Self-Regulation Checklist (SPSRC) was developed as a single, parent-reported instrument for the examination of sensory processing and self-regulation difficulties in children. Aims This study is aimed at evaluating the psychometric properties of the SPSRC and examine the patterns of self-regulation and sensory processing in children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods and Procedures The contents of the SPSRC were validated by a group of experts, and a field test was subsequently conducted to examine the reliability and validity of this instrument in a sample of 997 typically developing children and 78 children with ASD. Outcomes and Results The results of the validation and field test analyses suggest that the SPSRC exhibits high internal consistency, good intrarater reliability, and a valid ability to measure and discriminate sensory processing and self-regulation in children aged 3–8 years with and without ASD. Conclusions and Implications The current results supported the reliability and validity of SPSRC to assess a child's sensory processing and self-regulation performance in activities of daily living. The study findings warrant further investigation to compare the performance of the SPSRC with laboratory-based tests, as this would better elucidate sensory responsivity in children with sensory modulation disorders from both clinical and research perspectives.
The “Law of Brevity” in animal communication: Sex‐specific signaling optimization is determined by call amplitude rather than duration

The efficiency of informational transfer is one of the key aspects of any communication system. The informational coding economy of human languages is often demonstrated by their almost universal fit to Zipf's “Law of Brevity,” expressing negative relationship between word length and its usage frequency. Animal vocal systems, however, provided mixed results in their adherence to this relationship, potentially due to conflicting evolutionary pressures related to differences in signaling range and communicational needs. To examine this potential parallel between human and animal vocal communication, and also to explore how divergent, sex‐specific, communicational settings affect signaling efficiency within a species, we examined the complete vocal repertoire of rock hyraxes (Procavia capensis). As male and female hyraxes differ in their sociality levels and male hyraxes vocal repertoire is dominated by sexual advertisement songs, we hypothesized that sex‐specific vocal repertoires could be subjected to different signaling optimization pressures. Our results show that the sexes differ in repertoire size, call usage, and adherence to coding efficiency principles. Interestingly, the classic call length/call usage relationship is not consistently found in rock hyraxes. Rather, a negative relationship between call amplitude and call usage is found, suggesting that the efficiency of the vocal repertoire is driven by call amplitude rather than duration. We hypothesize that, in contrast to human speech that is mainly intended for short distance, the need for frequent long‐range signaling shapes an animal's vocal repertoire efficiency according to the cost of call amplitude rather than call length. However, call duration may be a secondary factor affecting signaling efficiency, in cases where amplitude is under specific selection pressures, such as sexual selection.