Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Production and characterization of laccase and manganese peroxidase from the ligninolytic fungus Fomes sclerodermeus

Fomes sclerodermeus was grown on semi-defined media based on yeast extract, peptone and glucose (YPG). The fungus produced a minimum basal level of laccase activity irrespective of culture medium. The highest laccase production (20 U cm−3) was obtained in cultures supplemented with CuSO4. Manganese peroxidase (MnP) could only be detected when MnSO4 was added to the medium. None of the aromatic compounds tested stimulated further laccase or MnP production. Laccase and MnP stimulated by Cu2+ or Mn2+ respectively were purified. Two different laccase isoenzymes with the same molecular mass (67 kDa) and N-linked carbohydrate content (3%) and a slight difference in their pI values (3.41 and 3.48) were characterized. In addition, two different MnP isoenzymes with the same molecular mass (47 kDa) and N-linked carbohydrate content (4%) and different pI values (3.35 and 3.45) were characterized. Both enzymes showed good stability at 25 °C and over a wide range of pH. Both laccases oxidize ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) more efficiently than 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (DMP) with similar efficiency values (Kcat/Km) while the MnP I, the major peroxidase isoenzyme in the studied conditions, oxidizes the Mn2+ and Mn-mediated activity on DMP more efficiently than MnP II. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
On the contribution of anthropogenic Cl to the increase in δ13C of atmospheric methane

A two‐dimensional model is used to evaluate the impact of stratospheric chlorine on δ13C of CH4 at the surface and to analyze sensitivity to different chemical and transport processes. It is found that the impact of Cl depends on the relative strength of the lower and upper branches of the stratospheric circulation, which emphasize regions of differing rates of methane fractionation. It is estimated that the increase in concentrations of Cl associated with human activity has contributed at most 0.54‰ to the 2‰ increase of δ13C observed over the past century. It follows that growth in the relative importance of heavier sources of CH4 (associated, for example, with fossil fuels and biomass burning) has been largely responsible for the trend.
Digital Strategies as a Guideline for Digital Transformation Processes in Municipalities – A Literature Review

—Digitalization is one of the words everyone gets to hear almost every day. The need to digitalize information and services is greater than ever. Municipalities try to digitalize themselves to service their citizens. First steps show municipalities starting different projects for digitalization. Nevertheless, a phenomenon, which is often seen, is that those projects do not have a common aim they are aligning to. As an instrument, digital strategies can help municipalities to align their projects, leading the way into digital transformation. However, what is a digital strategy and how is it structured? What can recent literature teach us about digital strategies? How can digital strategies help to support digital transformation processes in municipalities? To answer these questions, we conducted a systematical but selective literature research on digital strategies in the Information Systems (IS) and the public sector. We found that both literature streams show the development of a fusion between business and IS strategies leading to new concepts of capabilities, needed in municipalities to develop and monitor digital strategies.
Uptake of Cadmium by Soybeans as Influenced by Soil Cation Exchange Capacity, pH, and Available Phosphorus

The accumulation of cadmium (Cd) and its effect on vegetative growth of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr. var. Amsoy) in soils with a range in cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, and available phosphorus (P) were investigated in greenhouse experiments. Cadmium uptake decreased as soil pH and CEC increased, while increasing available soil P was related to increased Cd accumulation. Cadmium extracted from the soil by Bray P/sub 1/ reagent, Bray P/sub 2/ reagent, 2N MgCl/sub 2/, and 0.1N EDTA was significantly correlated with plant Cd concentrations. The growth of the soybean shoots was generally depressed when tissue concentrations reached 3-5 . mu.g Cd/g dry weight. Cadmium uptake by soybeans was correlated with the ratio of added Cd to the Cd sorptive capacity of soil.
An efficient method to prepare a new class of regioregular graft copolymer via a click chemistry approach

Herein, we report the synthesis of a novel regioregular poly-norbornene anhydride-g-(3-hexyl thiophene) (PNBA-g-PHT) graft copolymer. Grignard metathesis polymerization was used to obtain a PHT homopolymer. Then, PHT-N3 was prepared via a chemical modification reaction of the hydroxyl terminated PHT. A click chemistry approach was then used to synthesis MM 1. Finally, ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of MM 1 produced the final copolymer. NMR and COSY studies clearly showed that the regioregularity was retained in the newly synthesized copolymer.
Time-dependent diffusion and annihilation of positrons implanted in a semi-infinite medium

Annihilation spectra, resulting from the implantation of mono-energetic positrons in a perfect homogeneous solid, have been modelled allowing for the transport of both thermal and epithermal positrons. The resulting curves resemble a sum of two exponential components, although the intensities are not simply related to the positron back-diffusion probability. Because of the very short times involved, the effects of nonthermal positron transport are less significant than for steady-state diffusion models. At room temperature, internal reflection of thermal positrons at the surface has little effect on the solution to the diffusion equation for deeply implanted positrons.
Multicultural and the Treatment of Child Trauma: Research Trends from the Last Ten Years

The purpose of the present study was to determine the extent to which the peer-reviewed research literature on the treatment of childhood trauma has incorporated multiculturalism, and themes in this body of literature current and recent literature on the topic. A PsycINFO search of the peer-reviewed literature with keywords related to: multiculturalism, broadly; names of specific cultural groups; and the treatment of childhood trauma yielded 41 articles. Latent semantic analysis was used to examine the abstracts from these articles, resulting in a similarity matrix that was then analyzed using cluster analysis to identify two main clusters and four subclusters. These clusters were then named based on a subjective review of the abstracts in each theme. The two main clusters were: (1) Individual Focus and (2) Group and Systems Focus. The sub-clusters were: (1) Treatment for Specific Populations, (2) PTSD Diagnosis and Comorbid Diagnoses, (3) Family and Community Systems, and (4) Group Interventions. Results suggest that additional research is needed related to childhood trauma among racial and ethnic minority populations and people from lower socioeconomic groups in the U.S. Research is also needed on childhood trauma globally, particularly from impoverished countries.
Gas phase electronic spectrum of C3H in the visible

The electronic spectrum of C3H has been observed by means of a resonant two color two photon ionization technique sampling a supersonic plasma source. On the basis of ab initio calculations, vibrational and rotational analysis, the complex vibronic system observed in the visible and near UV is assigned to three electronic transitions, A 2A′←X 2Π, B 2A″←X 2Π and C 2A″←X 2Π of C3H. Potential curves along the CCH bending coordinate have been obtained because of its role for the electronic spectrum and dynamics of C3H.
A highly selective and sensitive recyclable colorimetric Hg2+ sensor based on the porphyrin-functionalized polyacrylonitrile fiber

A colorimetric Hg2+ sensor based on the porphyrin-functionalized polyacrylonitrile fiber (CTAPP–PANAF) was prepared and investigated. This functional fiber sensor shows excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards Hg2+ over other common metal ions (Pb2+, Ba2+, Cd2+, Ag+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Cr3+, Ca2+, Al3+ and Mg2+). Upon the addition of Hg2+, a remarkable visual color change from red-brown to dark-green and significant detectable changes in the FTIR, UV and FL spectra of CTAPP–PANAF were observed. The naked-eye detection limit is as low as 20 ppb (1 × 10−7 mol L−1), which is below the maximum contamination level of 50 ppb for mercury containing wastewater in China. This functional fiber sensor also exhibits excellent reusability and recyclability and can be repeatedly used more than 50 times. The Hg2+ complexed sensor can be easily separated from the aqueous solution by simple filtration and reversed back by treating with dilute HCl. Furthermore, real water sample testing confirms the practical application of CTAPP–PANAF. In a word, the fiber sensor possesses the advantages of simplicity, rapidity, and reusability as well as high selectivity and sensitivity.
Simultaneous examination of nitrous oxide emissions in grazed pastures using paddock-scale measurements and process-based models

Abstract In-situ farm-scale measurements are a prerequisite to improve the accuracy of the greenhouse gas inventory and to assess the viability of mitigation options. These measurements are also important in developing and verifying the empirical, as well as process-based, modelling approaches to emission estimates at farm-scales and beyond. Here, we assess the practicalities of implementing process-based modelling methods of quantifying nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions through validation and testing at the farm-scale, using environmental inputs and N2O emissions data from an emissions measurement campaign on dairy-grazed pastures in New Zealand. The median emissions measured with an atmospheric technique gave an emission factor (EF) of about 0.01, similar to the EF currently used by New Zealand inventory reporting for animal excreta (0.01) or for N fertiliser (0.0125). Emissions were simulated at the farm scale using two process-based models: NZ-DNDC and DayCent. The NZ-DNDC and DayCent models predicted EFs of 0.022 and 0.015, respectively for non-irrigated conditions and 0.041 and 0.032, respectively with irrigation. Lack of information on the grazing (excretal N inputs) and irrigation schedules before the campaign, and on soil ammonium and nitrate levels, was the main limitation in these validations. Identification of these shortcomings has been useful for the design of further integrated work on model development with farm-scale validation.
Forensic applications of Raman spectroscopy for the in situ analyses of pigments and dyes in ink and paint evidence

Raman spectroscopy has proven to be a very useful tool for the forensic examination of various colored evidence, including its use in identifying pigments and dyes in paint and inks. Because both paint and inks consist of complex heterogeneous matrices, forensic scientists typically use a battery of different tests to characterize them, with each method contributing information that will be evaluated and integrated to produce an overall compositional profile. The contribution of the Raman method for the examination of these types of evidentiary materials will be described as well as the factors, which will show why this technique is suitable for the forensic endeavor. The literature offers abundant examples that show how Raman spectroscopy produces data that provide a very high degree of discrimination between samples, can perform non-destructive microscopical in situ analyses, requires minimal or no sample preparation, and produces data that can be easily stored for database purposes. In this review article, a comprehensive review of the forensic applications of Raman spectroscopy for the characterization, differentiation, comparison, and identification of trace evidence and questioned documents, consisting of paint and ink, respectively, is presented. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Growth, Nitrate Accumulation, and Macronutrient Concentration of Pakchoi as Affected By External Nitrate-N: Amino Acid-N Ratio

ABSTRACT A study was carried out to determine the influence of nitrogen (N) sources on the growth, nitrate (NO3 −) accumulation, and macronutrient concentrations of pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) in hydroponics. Plants were supplied with NO3 − and two amino acids (AA), glutamic acid (Glu), and glutamine (Gln), at six NO3 −-N/AA-N molar ratios: (1) 100:0, (2) 80:20, (3) 60:40, (4) 40:60, (5) 20:80, (6) 0:100. The total N concentration was 12.5 mmol/L for all treatments in nutrient solutions. Both AAs reduced plant growth with decreasing NO3 −-N/AA-N ratios, but the reduction was for Gln than for Glu. At 80:20 NO3 −-N: Gln-N ratio, the Gln had no significant effect on pakchoi fresh weights. Decreasing NO3 −-N/AA-N ratios reduced NO3 − concentrations in the plant, regardless of AA sources. Adding an appropriate portion of AA-N to nutrient solutions for hydroponic culture increased concentrations of N, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in pakchoi shoots. Substituting 20% or less of NO3 −-N with Gln-N in hydroponic culture will increase the pakchoi quality by reducing NO3 − concentration and increasing mineral nutrient concentrations in shoots without significant reduction of crop yields.
Crystal structure of 2-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-5-(4-nitro benzylsulfanyl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazole, C17H13N3O5S

Abstract C17H13N3O5S, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.199(1) Å, b = 8.002(2) Å, c = 14.547(3) Å, α = 96.722(2)°, β = 94.865(2)°, γ= 105.649(2)°, V = 795.5 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0390, wRref(F2) = 0.0955, T = 298 K.
Crystalline Phase Formation of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) from Tetrahydrofuran/N,N‐dimethylformamide Mixed Solutions

The present work focused on the effect of the interactions between poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) chains and solvent molecules on the structure and crystallization behavior of PVDF in films obtained by solution casting. In a single solvent system, the film cast from the good solvent of N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF), showed dominantly β‐phase crystals with the highest PVDF crystallinity (50.6%) and the largest spherulite size, about 4 μm, at the top surface. The samples deposited from good swelling agents, such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), exhibited mainly the original α phase with some amount of β‐phase crystals; the crystallization behavior and the morphology of the surface were similar to the original PVDF resin, because of the only partially dissolved PVDF chains in these two solvents. In a mixed solvent system (THF/DMF), the β phase formation linearly increased as the DMF component increased, determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques, owing to increased interactions between PVDF chains and DMF molecules. The film surface consisted of β spherulites with average size of about 3 μm, which were smaller than those grown from pure DMF, because of the increased crystallization rate in the mixed solvent.
Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of pigments from Hylocereus undatus flowers: optimization, antioxidant activity, and HPLC analysis

The ultrasonic-assisted extraction of pigments from the Hylocereus undatus flowers was modeled using response surface methodology. A three-level, three-factor Box–Behnken design was employed to optimize three extraction variables, including liquid–solid ratio (X1), extraction time (X2), and ethanol concentration (X3), for the achievement of high absorbance. The statistical analysis shows that the model is significant to optimize the extraction variables (p < 0.01), and the independent variable (X3) and the quadratic term (X32) have a significant effect on the absorbance (p < 0.01). The optimized conditions are X1 of 42 : 1 mL g−1, X2 of 33.2 min, and X3 of 77.5%. Under these conditions, the experimental absorbance is 2.240 ± 0.095% (n = 3), which is in good agreement with the predicted value of 2.243. The evaluation of antioxidant activity by DPPH and hydroxyl free radicals, reducing power, and metal chelating ability indicate that the pigments from the H. undatus flowers possess significant antioxidant activity. HPLC analysis reveals that gallic acid, rutin, quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin are the major components in the pigments.
A critical review of Nonaka’s SECI Framework

While ‘there is nothing so practical as a good theory’ (Lewin, 1951, p. 169), the impact of these theories can be both positive and negative (Ghoshal, 2005; Ghoshal, et al., 1999; Ghoshal and Moran, 1996). As such, researchers have a responsibility to ensure that in their quest to understand and progress management practice, they are rigourous in their approach to their research. My research focusses on knowledge management within the context of management consulting. As such, my research builds upon existing theories of knowledge and knowledge management. This paper undertakes a critical review of, probably the most pervasive approach in knowledge management, Nonaka’s SECI framework (1994). It is argued that the flawed philosophical assumptions, relating to the nature of knowledge, that are embedded in this model make it largely invalid and limited in its approach. This is specifically the case with regard to knowledge development and learning.
River modelling to infer flood management framework

River hydraulic models have successfully identified the weaknesses and areas for improvement with respect to flooding in the Sarawak River system, and can also be used to support decisions on flood management measures. Often, the big question is 'how'. This paper demonstrates a theoretical flood management framework inferred from Sarawak River modelling outputs. The river model simulates the movement of flood waters through river reaches. Information on flood levels and overtopping of embankments is used to guide a flood early warning system. The above-mentioned elements were combined in a logical framework that showed logic sequences and impact indicators for improved flood relief activities in the city of Kuching, Malaysia.
QUALITY SYSTEMS.POSSIBILITY OF IMPLEMENTING IN SOME LOCAL FOOD ESTABLISHMENTS

In order to have an idea about what happens in Iraqi food establishments in relation to implement quality management system ISO 9001, this study was performed to show the actual situation of Iraqi food establishments concerning quality management system (ISO 9001:2015), reasons of implementing, factors that hinder implementing and problems faced high administration for getting establishments certification ISO 9001:2015. The study demonstrated from the questionnaire some difficulties to implement ISO 9001 for both of establishments that implemented the quality system or which in implementing of this international standard. The most important problems during implementing were business culture and costs and the most important problems during getting certification were auditors and costs
Einzelatom-Quantenspeicher für Polarisations-Qubits

Einzelne Rubidiumatome werden quasi-permanent an die Mode eines optischen Resonators hoher Finesse gekoppelt. Dies erlaubt die koharente Emission und Absorption einzelner Photonen und damit den Informationsaustausch auf Quantenniveau. In einem ersten Experiment wird der Phasenverlauf der erzeugten Einzelphotonen-Wellenpakete mittels Zwei-Photonen-Interferenz untersucht. Wahrend bei ununterscheidbaren Einzelphotonen Koaleszenz auftritt, andert eine aufgepragte Phasenmodulation dieses Interferenzverhalten. In einem zweiten Experiment wird ein optischer Quantenspeicher realisiert. Die Polarisation eines Eingangspulses wird im Atom als Uberlagerung zweier Spin-Zustande abgespeichert. Das Auslesen des Speichers erfolgt durch Erzeugung eines Photons gleicher Polarisation. Der Speicher wird mittels Quantenprozesstomographie analysiert und zeigt eine hervorragende Wiedergabetreue, Effizienz und Speicherzeit.
Embryo Abortion in Relation to Fruit Size, Quality, and Concentrations of Nutrients in Skin and Pulp of Mango

ABSTRACT To investigate the effects of embryo abortion on fruit size and weight, stone weight, and fruit quality, including total soluble solids (TSS), acidity, TSS/acid ratio, sugars, and concentrations of macro and micronutrients in skin and pulp, nubbins (seedless fruit) and seeded fruit of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars ‘Glenn,’ ‘Irwin,’ ‘Haden,’ ‘Kent,’ and ‘Kensington Pride’ were compared at the ripe stage. Nubbins had significantly smaller fruit size and lower fruit weight than in seeded fruit in all the cultivars. Mean stone weight was also significantly lower in nubbins (9.04 g) than in seeded fruit (30.27 g) and the trend was similar in all the cultivars. Percent dry pulp weight was significantly higher in nubbins than in seeded fruit in all five cultivars. Nubbins exhibited significantly lower acidity and higher TSS and TSS/acid ratio than did seeded fruit in all of the cultivars. The concentrations of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu) in the skin and N, phosphorus (P), K, calcium (Ca), Mg, sulfur (S), Fe, zinc (Zn), and Cu in the pulp of nubbins did not differ significantly from those in the skin and pulp of seeded fruit in all of the cultivars. However, mean concentrations of P, Ca, and S were significantly higher in the skin of nubbins than in the skin of seeded fruit. Mean concentrations of manganese (Mn) and boron (B) in both skin and pulp of nubbins were significantly higher than in the skin and pulp of seeded fruit. The experimental results suggest that embryo abortion at early stages of fruit development, although it reduces fruit size and weight, does not affect the concentrations of these elements in the pulp and skin of mature fruit. In conclusion, embryo abortion in mango fruit substantially reduced fruit size, weight, and stone weight and improved TSS, TSS/acid ratio, total sugars, and non-reducing sugars compared with seeded fruit in all the cultivars and led to minor changes in the concentrations of most of macro and micronutrients in skin and pulp of the fruit.
Ultrasound‐Assisted Detoxification of Free Gossypol from Cottonseed Meal

To decrease NaOH consumption in the process of removal of free gossypol (FG) in cottonseed meal (CSM), ultrasound was applied in the detoxification experiments. The effects of various factors on the removal efficiency were studied by single-factor experiments, and detoxification conditions were optimized by response surface methodology. The result indicated that removal ratio of FG increased with increasing NaOH concentration (0.5–1.5 g/L), ultrasonic power (0–1,000 W), treatment time (0–20 min) and pulse duration (1–5 s); however, further increase of pulse duration (6–7 s) resulted in a decrease. The removal ratio even reached 95.82 ± 2.75% (n = 3) under optimal conditions of NaOH concentration (1.5 g/L), sonication time (16 min) and pulse duration (5 s). The Box–Behnken design generated satisfactory mathematical models that accurately explained the behavior of the system, allowing one to predict the removal efficiency of FG in CSM. Practical Applications Cottonseed meal (CSM) has long been considered as a good source of protein for animals. However, a polyphenolic compound, particularly free gossypol (FG), that existed in CSM limits its application as feeding stuffs. The findings in the present study demonstrated the beneficial effects of ultrasound on the removal efficiency of FG in the detoxification experiments. The application of ultrasound can not only significantly decrease the NaOH consumption but also improve the detoxification effect compared with conventional detoxification method using only NaOH solution. Therefore, this study exhibits a new detoxification technique and is of practical significance.