Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automated Color Variation Flaw Inspection of LCD Panels Using Computer Vision

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) panels have excellent properties such as lower voltage to start and less occupied space if comparing with traditional Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT). But screen flaw points and display color variation flaws on image display exist in LCD products. This research proposes a new automated visual inspection method to solve the problems. We first use multivariate Hotelling T2 statistic for integrating coordinates of color models to construct a T2 energy diagram for inspecting flaws and controlling patterns in LCD display images. An Ant Colony based approach that integrates computer vision techniques is developed to detect the flaw point defects. Then, Back Propagation Network (BPN) model is proposed to inspect small color variation flaws of the LCD panels. Experimental results show the proposed system can provide good effects and practicality.
Stochastic Semi-Proximal Mirror-Prox

We present a direct extension of the Semi-Proximal Mirror-Prox algorithm [3] for minimizing convex composite problems with objectives consisted of three parts – a convex loss represented by stochastic oracle, a proximal-friendly regularizer and another LMO-friendly regularizer. The algorithm leverages stochastic oracle, proximal operators, and linear minimization over problems’ domain and attains optimality in two-fold: i) optimal in the number of calls to the stochastic oracle representing the objective, ii) optimal in the number of calls to linear minimization oracle representing problem’s domain in the “smooth” saddle point case.
A Novel Resource Allocation Scheme in NOMA-Based Cellular Network with D2D Communications

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has become a promising technology for 5G. With the support of effective resource allocation algorithms, it can improve the spectrum resource utilization and system throughput. In this article, a new resource allocation algorithm in the NOMA-enhanced cellular network with device-to-device (D2D) communications is proposed, in which we use two new searching methods and an optimal link selection scheme to maximize the system throughput and limit the interferences of the NOMA-based cellular network. In the proposed joint user scheduling, tree-based search power allocation and link selection algorithm, we simplify the solving process of previous methods and set up the optimization function, which does not need to be derivable. With successive interference cancellation (SIC) technology, we give conditions for the D2D devices accessing into the network. We also propose a suboptimal scheme to schedule cellular users and D2D devices into multiple subchannels, which reduces the complexity of the exhaustive search method. Through consistent tree-based searching for the power allocation coefficients, we can get the maximum arithmetic average of the system sum rate. Meanwhile, for the existence of the part of interferences from larger power users which can be canceled by the SIC in NOMA systems, the search options are decreased for increasing the search rate of the power allocation algorithm. Moreover, we propose a distance-aware link selection scheme to guarantee the quality of communications. In summary, the proposed algorithm can improve the system throughput, has a low complexity cost and potentially increases spectral utilization. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves a higher data transmission rate than some of the traditional methods and we also investigate the convergence and the computational complexity cost of the joint algorithm.
The wintertime two-day wave in the polar stratosphere , mesosphere and lower thermosphere

Recent observations of the polar mesosphere have revealed that waves with periods near two days reach significant amplitudes in both summer and winter. This is in striking contrast to mid-latitude observations where two-day waves maximise in summer only. Here, we use data from a meteor radar at Esrange (68 ◦ N, 21 E) in the Arctic and data from the MLS instrument aboard the EOS Aura satellite to investigate the wintertime polar two-day wave in the stratosphere, mesosphere and lower thermosphere. The radar data reveal that mesospheric two-day wave activity measured by horizontal-wind variance has a semi-annual cycle with maxima in winter and summer and equinoctial minima. The MLS data reveal that the summertime wave in the mesosphere is dominated by a westward-travelling zonal wavenumber three wave with significant westward wavenumber four present. It reaches largest amplitudes at mid-latitudes in the southern hemisphere. In the winter polar mesosphere, however, the wave appears to be an eastward-travelling zonal wavenumber two, which is not seen during the summer. At the latitude of Esrange, the eastward-two wave reaches maximum amplitudes near the stratopause and appears related to similar waves previously observed in the polar stratosphere. We conclude that the wintertime polar two-day wave is the mesospheric manifestation of an eastward-propagating, zonal-wavenumber-two wave originating in the stratosphere, maximising at the stratopause and likely to be generated by instabilities in the polar night jet. Correspondence to: D. J. Sandford (d.j.sandford@bath.ac.uk)
LMS Algorithm for Noise Cancellation

The main objective of this project is to present and simulate an adaptive filter using LMS (Least Mean Square) for noise cancellation. The method estimates signal corrupted by additive noise or interference. The primary input contains the corrupted signal and the reference input contains noise that is correlated somehow with the primary noise. The algorithm minimizes the mean squared error of cost function trying to converge in least mean square sense to the optimal Wiener-Hopf solution to filter the noise from the signal.
Supplementary Materials ZoomOut : Spectral Upsampling for Efficient Shape Correspondence

Lemma 1.1. Let us be given a pair of shapesM,N each having nonrepeating Laplacian eigenvalues, which are the same (i.e. if ΛM , ΛN are diagonal matrices of Laplacian eigenvalues, we require Λ(i, i) , Λ(j, j) whenever i , j for bothM,N , and ΛM (i, i) = ΛN(i, i) for all i), then a point-to-point map T :M →N is an isometry if and only if the corresponding functional map C in the complete Laplacian basis is both diagonal and orthonormal.
Motilitätsstörungen der Speiseröhre im Alter: eine manometrische Analyse an Patienten mit und ohne GERD

Abstract Background/Aims:Theimpactofagingonesophagealmotilityisnotcompletelyunderstood.Thisstudyaimsatassessing1)whetherdegen- ChristianA.Gutschow 1 JessicaM.Leers 1 erationofesophagealbodymotilityoccurswithageand2)whetherthisdevelopmentisinfluencedbygastroesophagealrefluxdisease(GERD). WolfgangSchroder 1 Methods:326consecutivepatientswithsymptomsofGERDunderwent KlausL.Prenzel 1 adiagnosticwork-upincludingawater-perfusedesophagealmanometry. HansFuchs 1 Patientsweredividedbyage:17–39years(group1,n=75),40–49years(group2,n=79),50–59years(group3,n=64),60–69years ElfriedeBollschweiler 1 (group4,n=74),and>70years(group5,n=34). GERDwasdiagnosed MarcBludau 1 ifpatientshaderosiveesophagitisatendoscopy,apositivepH-metry, ArnulfH.Holscher 1 orboth.Theamplitudeofesophagealcontractionwaves3cmand8cmabovetheloweresophagealsphincterandthepercentageofperistaltic 1DepartmentofGeneral,Visceral,andCancerSurgery, contractionwavesofthetubularesophaguswereanalyzedandcorrel-atedtoGERD. UniversityofCologne,Germany
Can Fitts' Throughput Be A Predictor Of Muscle Fatigue – A Study Based On Metacarpal Gloves?

ii List of Figures . vii List of Tables . viii Chapter 1 : Introduction . 1 1.1 Metacarpal Gloves . 1 1.2 Glove Performance Evaluation Methods . 3 1.3 Fitts’ Law . 6 Chapter 2 : Study Rationale . 8 Chapter 3 : Methodology . 10 3.1 Approach . 10 3.2 Participants . 10 3.3 Equipment . 11 3.3.1 Metacarpal Gloves . 11 3.3.2 Electromyography system . 14 3.3.3 Custom Built Target Acquisition System . 14 3.4 Experimental Design . 18 3.5 Experimental Data Collection Procedure . 19 3.6 Data Processing . 23 3.6. 1 Throughput Calculation . 23 3.6. 2 Physiological Response of Muscle . 26 3.6. 3 Statistical Analysis . 27 Chapter 4 : Results . 29 4.1 Index of Difficulty . 29
Does the Value Premium Decline with Investor Interest in Value?

Abstract I approximate the interest that value investing attracts through the frequency with which terms such as “book-to-market ratio” appear in the corpus of books scanned by Google. Following the years in which investor interest in value is relatively high, the realized value premium is found to be below average. On the other hand, there is no evidence that secular trends in interest have an impact on the value premium. The results therefore do not support the hypothesis that the value effect disappears once investors have become aware of it.
A Novel Approach for Shadows detection and Shadows Removal from High-Resolution Satellite Image

In recent years, researchers are giving much consideration towards the shadow detection and removal techniques due to the increasing need of restoring a high quality image in minimum rates. A remote sensing image's shadow appears mainly due to obstruction by an object. The shadow affects the clarity of the images partially or totally. But very few studies only have focused on how the applications of these shadow detection and removal method can help to detect and eliminate the shadow problem from high resolution images. By considering this, three important contributions are presented in this paper. The first contribution is a watershed algorithm. The second contribution is a bimodal histogram splitting method. The third contribution is mean difference. Accordingly, watershed algorithm, bimodal histogram splitting and mean difference are developed are shadows accurately detected, then shadows eliminated and the high quality images can be restored with a minimum rate. Four different images are used for the experiments and the result shows that the proposed algorithm attained the highest accuracy.
Assessing the Perceived Exertion in Elite Soccer Players during Official Matches According to Situational Factors

This study aimed to assess the match perceived exertion (PE) declared by starter and non-starter junior elite soccer players, according to the level of the opponents, and by playing at home or away. Nineteen young soccer players who competed in the Spanish U19 League participated in this study. PE was registered during the entire regular season (30 official matches). Players were grouped by match playing time: starters (players who started the game and played at least 45 min) and non-starters (substitute players who participated for less than 45 min). Moreover, the matches were classified according to the opponent level (i.e., high, medium, or low) and the match location (i.e., home or away). Starters who competed against high-level opponents (8.7 ± 0.6) declared higher PE ratings than against medium (8.1 ± 0.7, p < 0.01) and low (8.4 ± 0.7, p < 0.01) level opponents. In addition, starters competing at home declared lower PE ratings than when playing away (8.2 ± 0.8 vs. 8.5 ± 0.6, p < 0.01). However, no significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed for non-starters. Coaches should consider not only tactical–strategic needs, but also these contextual factors when managing the match playing time of the starter players.
Merged Mining: Analysis of Effects and Implications

Merged mining refers to the concept of mining more than one cryptocurrency without necessitating additional proof-of-work effort. Merged mining was introduced in 2011 as a boostrapping mechanism for new cryptocurrencies and countermeasures against the fragmentation of mining power across competing systems. Although merged mining has already been adopted by a number of cryptocurrencies, to this date little is known about the effects and implications. In this thesis, we shed light on this topic area by performing a comprehensive analysis of merged mining in practice. As part of this analysis, we present a block attribution scheme for mining pools to assist in the evaluation of mining centralization. Our findings disclose that mining pools in merge-mined cryptocurrencies have operated at the edge of, and even beyond, the security guarantees offered by the underlying Nakamoto consensus for extended periods. We discuss the implications and security considerations for these cryptocurrencies and the mining ecosystem as a whole, and link our findings to the intended effects of merged mining.
Challenges and Future Directions of 3 D Physical Design

The concept of 3D integrated circuits (3D-ICs) provides new opportunities for meeting current and future design criteria, such as performance, functionality, delay, and power consumption. 3D-ICs are thus considered as a promising approach to spur both More Moore (i.e., further down-scaling of baseline CMOS device nodes) and More-than-Moore (i.e., diversification of functionality; heterogeneous system integration) [1,9] as shown in Figure 17.1. At the same time, 3D-ICs increase complexity for manufacturing and physical design notably. CONTENTS Abstract . 357 17.1 Key Challenges for 3D Circuits and Approaches Revised . 358 17.1.1 Technological Challenges . 358 17.1.1.1 Diversity of Integration Approaches . 358 17.1.1.2 Power Delivery and Thermal Management . 360 17.1.1.3 Clock Delivery . 362 17.1.1.4 Testing . 363 17.1.2 Design Challenges . 364 17.1.2.1 Layout Representations for 3D Circuits . 364 17.1.2.2 Partitioning and Floorplanning.366 17.1.2.3 Placement . 367 17.1.2.4 Clock-Distribution Networks . 368 17.1.2.5 Routability Prediction . 369 17.1.2.6 Routing . 370 17.1.2.7 Multi-Physical Simulation and Verification . 371 17.2 Prospective Directions for 3D Circuits and Design . 373 17.2.1 Path-Finding: System-Level Design Exploration and Evaluation . 374 17.2.1.1 Concepts and Approaches for Path-Finding . 374 17.2.1.2 Flows and Tools for Path-Finding . 374 17.2.2 Design Approaches and Standardization . 375 17.2.2.1 Design Approaches for 3D Circuits . 375 17.2.2.2 Standardization Trends and Examples. 378 17.2.3 Demonstrators and Prototyping for 3D Circuits . 378 17.2.3.1 Academic Efforts . 378 17.2.3.2 Industrial Efforts . 379 17.3 Summary and Conclusion . 380 References . 380. 357 17.1 Key Challenges for 3D Circuits and Approaches Revised . 358 17.1.1 Technological Challenges . 358 17.1.1.1 Diversity of Integration Approaches . 358 17.1.1.2 Power Delivery and Thermal Management . 360 17.1.1.3 Clock Delivery . 362 17.1.1.4 Testing . 363 17.1.2 Design Challenges . 364 17.1.2.1 Layout Representations for 3D Circuits . 364 17.1.2.2 Partitioning and Floorplanning.366 17.1.2.3 Placement . 367 17.1.2.4 Clock-Distribution Networks . 368 17.1.2.5 Routability Prediction . 369 17.1.2.6 Routing . 370 17.1.2.7 Multi-Physical Simulation and Verification . 371 17.2 Prospective Directions for 3D Circuits and Design . 373 17.2.1 Path-Finding: System-Level Design Exploration and Evaluation . 374 17.2.1.1 Concepts and Approaches for Path-Finding . 374 17.2.1.2 Flows and Tools for Path-Finding . 374 17.2.2 Design Approaches and Standardization . 375 17.2.2.1 Design Approaches for 3D Circuits . 375 17.2.2.2 Standardization Trends and Examples. 378 17.2.3 Demonstrators and Prototyping for 3D Circuits . 378 17.2.3.1 Academic Efforts . 378 17.2.3.2 Industrial Efforts . 379 17.3 Summary and Conclusion . 380 References . 380
Compressional Behavior of Hydrous Orthoenstatite: Insight into the Nature of LVZ under Continental Plate

A suite of hydrous orthoenstatite crystals were synthesized at 5–7 GPa and 1100–1300 °C, corresponding to the mid upper mantle conditions in continental regions. The synthetic crystals presented a clear, inclusion-free, and euhedral form with a size range from 100 to a few hundred microns. The Al- and water content of crystals were less than 2 wt. % and ranging from ~500 ppm to 1000 ppm, respectively, characterized by Raman and IR spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and SIMS. The analysis shows that the capability of water incorporation for this suite of hydrous orthoenstatite is correlated to the Al-content in the crystal structure. To understand how the detailed crystal structure reflects the influence of water and Al, single crystal X ray diffraction analysis was performed for this suite of hydrous orthoenstatite. By comparing the results obtained at ambient conditions, we find that for low-level of Al-content, <2 wt. %, the Al3+ cation tends to occupy one of tetrahedral sites (TB) only. Analysis of the X ray diffraction results under high pressure indicates that the elasticity of orthoenstatites is insensitive to the presence of low-level water and Al. We use this finding to evaluate the velocity profile at the mid upper mantle of continental regions to compare with seismic observation. The comparison indicates that the cause of the low velocity zone in continental regions originates from the geotherm profile rather than the effect of water on the elasticity of mantle phases.
Effect of Residual CaSO4 in Clinker on Properties of High Belite Sulfoaluminate Cement Based on Solid Wastes

The high belite sulfoaluminate cement (HBSAC) containing CaSO4, and without CaSO4, based on solid wastes were successfully prepared from petroleum coke desulfurization slag (PCDS), fly ash (FA), carbide slag (CS), and bauxite (BX). The mineral composition of clinkers after different calcination history were investigated by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD)/Quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), so as to determine the calcination temperatures. The difference between residual CaSO4 and dihydrate gypsum (DG) and the optimal content of residual CaSO4 were discussed by studying the properties of HBSAC. The results revealed that the residual CaSO4 in clinker could replace DG to participate in hydration, and showed some advantages in strength and early hydration heat, but meanwhile increased the water requirement of normal consistency and hydration heat at 72 h, and prolonged the setting time. With the increase of residual CaSO4 content in clinker, the lower limit temperature of clinker formation gradually increased, and the crystal size of clinker minerals became finer and the boundary between crystals became more blurred. However, the optimal calcination temperature (1300 °C) of HBSAC clinker did not change. Considering the effect of residual CaSO4 content on the water requirement of normal consistency, setting time, hydration heat, strength, and hydration products, the optimal design content of residual CaSO4 in HBSAC clinker based on solid wastes, such as PCDS and FA, was 15%.
Enhanced memory responses to H1N1 influenza vaccination in the skin using vaccine coated-microneedles

Background— Morbidity and mortality due to influenza could be reduced by improved vaccination. Methods— To develop a novel skin delivery method for simple and self administration, we prepared microneedle patches with stabilized influenza vaccine and investigated their protective immune responses. Results— Mice immunized by a single microneedle dose of trehalose-stabilized influenza vaccine developed strong antibody responses that were long-lived. Compared to traditional intramuscular immunization, stabilized microneedle vaccination was superior in inducing protective immunity as evidenced by efficient lung viral clearance and enhanced humoral and antibody secreting cell immune responses after lethal challenge. Vaccine stabilization was found to be important, because mice immunized with an unstabilized microneedle vaccine elicited weaker IgG2a antibody response and were only partially protected against viral challenge. Improved trafficking of dendritic cells to regional lymph nodes by microneedle delivery to the skin might play a role in contributing to improved protective immunity. Conclusions— These findings suggest that vaccination in the skin using a microneedle patch can improve protective efficacy, induce long-term sustained immunogenicity, and may provide a simple method of administration to improve influenza vaccination.
Cultural impact on e-service use in Saudi Arabia : the need for interaction with other humans

This paper reports the results of a mixed method approach to answer: To what extent do cultural values impact on e-service use in Saudi Arabia, and if so how? This paper will firstly, introduce the importance of culture and define the aspects of Saudi culture with focus on our scope: the fear of a lack of Interaction with other Humans. It will then describe the method used and present the qualitative and quantitative findings related to the need for Interactions with other Humans. Much of the written literature about human interaction aims at Information Systems design or design improvement. Yet, this is different to what is being investigated in this study. One of the factors this study will consider is the perceived lack of interaction with other humans or the anxiety people may feel in missing the physical interaction with other people by fully moving business interaction to the virtual world. The review of the literature indicates that the impact of such factor on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) use has not been studied. This research aims to cover this gap by investigating to what extent the fear of a lack of Interaction with other Humans, as one of Saudi Arabia’s cultural values, impacts on e-service use in Saudi Arabia. The tested hypothesis was found consistent with its predicted outcome: the fear of a lack of Interaction with other Humans is a negative predictor of intention to use e-services in Saudi Arabia. It is evidenced that consideration of the impact of the cultural values will mainly contribute to the enhancement of ICTs implementation and use.
The cognitive neuroscience of consciousness

This book investigates the philosophical, empirical, and theoretical bases on which a cognitive neuroscience of consciousness can be founded. The research questions reviewed include: Does perception occur without awareness? Can the neural bases of perceptual awareness be visualized with brain-imaging methods? What do unilateral neglect and extinction tell us about conscious and unconscious processing? What is the contribution of brainstem nuclei to conscious states? How can we identify mental processes uniquely associated with consciousness? An introductory chapter proposes a theoretical framework for building a cognitive neuroscience of consciousness, and two concluding chapters evaluate the progress made so far.