Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Tissue Conductivity and Head Geometry on EEG Measurement Sensitivity Distributions

Electrical neuroimaging is a contemporary functional imaging method that evolves electroencephalography (EEG) beyond traditional signal analysis. It exploits the millisecond temporal resolution of EEG and integrates it with its spatial resolution, which is mapped according to the measurement sensitivity distribution of the measurement leads. This thesis assesses the EEG measurement sensitivity distribution according to the influence of tissue conductivities, electrode placement, electrode type, and geometries upon volume conductor head models. The conductivity of the skull is correlated with the age of the patient, recognizing that juveniles have higher spatial resolution than adults. Surface electrodes are compared with subdermal electrodes and are found to be noninterchangeable because the subdermal electrodes measure electric activity from one-eighth the volume of their surface-electrode counterparts. More accurate geometrical definitions naturally yield more precise forward and inverse calculations; however, a stochastically deformable generic head model based on anthropometric data addresses the void in imaged and segmented heads of different ages, genders and head shapes. Comprehensively, the investigation of these three key areas improves the knowledge of the EEG measurement sensitivity distributions, which will conceivably translate into clinical improvements in the diagnostics of brain functionality.
Secondary tasks while driving effects and countermeasures

The study evaluates the possibility to avoid negative effects of secondary tasks by either de-signing secondary tasks to use different resources than needed for driving or by reducing the driver’s workload by means of an advanced driver assistance system. 5 subjects drove in a driving simulator with and without two different secondary tasks with and without an assis-tance system in a within-subjects design. The secondary task requiring the same resources as the driving task interfered more strongly with driving than the other task. However, even for this second task negative effects were found in special situations, e.g., car-following at straight sections of the road. Thus, not all problems introduced by secondary tasks may be solved by simply using different resources. The assistance system resulted in much better lane-keeping even when engaging in the secondary tasks. Thus, driver assistance systems can be adapted to counteract negative effects of secondary tasks.
Spontaneous Emergence of Law: Customary Law

In the ‘social contract’ framework, customary rules can be regarded as an implied and often non-verbalized exercise of direct legislation by the members of society. Those legal systems that grant direct legal force to customary rules regard custom as a primary, although not exclusive, source of law. In such legal traditions, courts enforce customary rules as if they had been enacted by the proper legislative authority. Custom thus amounts to a spontaneous norm which is recognized by the legal system and granted enforcement as a proper legal rule. Judicial recognition of spontaneous norms amounts to a declaratory (rather than constitutive) function that treats custom as a legal fact. The legal system ‘finds’ the law by recognizing social norms, but does not ‘create’ the law. The most notable illustration is the system of international law, where, absent a central legislative authority, custom stands next to treaties as a primary source of law. (See, for example, Article 38 (1) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice; and Restatement 102 of the Foreign Relations Law of the United States. ) Whenever they are granted legitimate status in a legal system, customary rules are usually given the same effect as other primary sources of law. Although often subordinated to formal legislation, customary rules derive their force from the concurrence of a uniform practice and a subjective belief that adherence to them is obligatory (opinio iuris), without necessarily being formally incorporated into any written body of law. For this reason, they are usually classified as ‘immaterial’ sources of law (Brownlie, 1990). This notion implies that the custom remains the actual source of law even after its judicial recognition. In this setting, the judicial decisions that recognize a custom offer only persuasive evidence of its existence and do not themselves become sources of law. In turn, this prevents the principle of stare decisis from crystallizing customary law. Modern legal systems generally recognize customary rules that have emerged either within the confines of positive legislation (consuetudo secundum legem) or in areas that are not disciplined by positive law (consuetudo praeter legem). Where custom is in direct conflict with legislation
THE TRANSCOM TRANSMIT PROJECT: AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH FOR TRAFFIC SURVEILLANCE AND INCIDENT DETECTION

The TRANSCOM System for Managing Incidents and Traffic (TRANSMIT) was initiated to establish the feasibility of using Electronic Toll and Traffic Management (ETTM) equipment for traffic surveillance and incident detection applications. ETTM technology offers the potential for using vehicles equipped with toll tags to serve as vehicle probes within the traffic stream of the area for which surveillance is being established. It requires the installation of readers with the capability of identifying the "tagged" vehicles, at periodic intervals along the roadway. The TRANSMIT system offers significant opportunities for future growth. This growth can include geographic expansion to cover additional roadways within the greater New York City area.
Examination of Phytochemicals, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Hemigraphisalternate

Plants as the source of medicine plays avital role in the health service around world. Hemigraphis alternata (Acanthaceae), exotic plants adapt to India, is versatile tropical lower-creeping perennial herbs that reachheight of 15 - 30 centimeters. The matured leaf of Hemigraphis alternata was collected from Kurunthankode , Kanyakumari district. Phytochemical screening of the H.alternata revealed the presence of some phytoconstituents such as carbohydrate, protein, alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, terpenoid and tannin. Previous report shows that H.coloratacontains similar compounds like saponins, flavonoids and terpenoids. The antioxidant property of H.alternata extract were compared with standard ascorbic acid. The ethanolic extract of H.alternata leaf exhibit good scavenging activity with dose dependent manner. Antimicrobial activities of H.alternata leaf extract show the ethanol extract has the maximum activity against bacteria and fungi. This study revealed the presence of different Phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of plant H.alternataand can be suggested that the bioactive components are promising natural antimicrobial agents.
Computational modeling and mechanical analysis of compression sportswear

iii PUBLICATIONS ARISING FROM THE THESIS . vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . ix TABLE OF CONTENTS . xi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xvi LIST OF TABLES . xviii LIST OF FIGURES . xix CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Motivation for studying the effects of compression sportswear on male legs by using FE methods . 1 1.1.1 The popularity of compression sportswear . 1 1.1.2 Finite element methods . 3 1.2 Objectives of study . 5 1.3 Outline of the dissertation . 7 CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW . 9 2.1 Musculoskeletal system of the human lower limb . 9 2.1.1 Joints and ligaments. 10 2.1.2 Muscles producing motion of the lower limb . 11 2.1.3 Biomechanics of passive knee flexion . 12 2.2 Functional compression sportswear for running . 16 2.2.1 Mechanism and effects of compression therapy . 16 2.2.2 Clinical factors related to compression garments . 18 2.3 Nonlinear elastic model for large deformation analysis of knitted fabric . 23
The inspector’s dilemma under regulated self-regulation*

Abstract Regulated self-regulation (RSR) as the main strategy for regulation in the occupational safety and health (OSH) field, and the expansion of the work environment concept to include work organisation and psychosocial health, requires that inspection authorities re-evaluate their old methods of inspection and develop new ones. Of vital importance here is the question of the so-called ‘inspector’s dilemma’ between control and educative methods in inspections. This dilemma is a classic question of state regulation. It rests on two different principles for state activity: the legality and the service principles. In this paper, the general logical and practical consequences that the RSR strategy has, or rather should have, on inspectors’ work are elaborated and explored, along with the two sides of the dilemma. The main conclusions of this paper are that the inspector’s dilemma is a permanent feature and can only be handled on a case-by-case basis. However, because of the growing complexity and differentiation in working life, and because of the change of strategy and the introduction of new tasks for the inspectorate, both the content of and the balance between the roles in the dilemma have to change. All in all, this change calls for a stronger emphasis on the role of educator. At the same time, the content of the role has to change from traditional methods of direct control and advice or persuasion to negotiation, guiding and tutoring. However, to undertake inspections in the OSH field today is to work with mixed strategies. Even if RSR is given as the main strategy, the traditional command and control strategy still lives side by side with it in legislation. Methods based on this rationale sometimes have to be given priority. Overall, the fulfilment of the new tasks demands the development of further areas of professional competence and a higher degree of discretion for individual inspectors. To an even greater extent than before, they have to be flexible in unique situations and develop the right tactics adjusted to local conditions.
Eco-efficiency analysis methodology on the example of the chosen polyolefins production

Purpose: This paper presents the eco-efficiency methodology and application of eco-efficiency analysis for the chosen polyolefins production. The article presents also main tools of eco-efficiency analysis: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Net Present Value (NPV). Design/methodology/approach: On the basis of LCA and NPV of high density polyethylene (HDPE) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) production, eco-efficiency analysis is conducted. Findings: In this article environmental and economic performance of the chosen polyolefins production was presented. The basis phases of eco-efficiency methodology also presented. Research limitations/implications: Eco-efficiency analysis allows economic and environmental assessment of products or/and technology. Taking into account economic and environmental aspects enables designing and the production of the most eco- efficiency product. Practical implications: Eco-efficiency analysis allows economic and environmental assessment of products or/and technology. Taking into account economic and environmental aspects enables designing and the production of the most eco-efficiency product. Originality/value: The paper presents eco-efficiency analysis as a new approach to products assessment. The eco-efficiency possibility is valuable for designers and manufacturers to design the most eco-efficiency product or technology.
Fuel consumption assessment in delivery tours to develop eco driving behaviour

A report of the European Commission in 1998 identified various areas that can be explored to achieve a sustainable logistics. Among those areas, we discuss the reduction of fuel consumption by an eco-driving strategy. Eco-driving is often cited as a good practice to reduce fuel consumption and claim a potential of - 10% to - 20% of fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. Freight transportation by truck is one of the major contributors to CO2 emissions (14% of the grand total in France). However, assessing its potential in actual operations is not an easy task and to our best knowledge has never been done before on a comprehensive scale. There were no researches that were able to prove the efficiency of eco-driving in an operational freight transport context. To complement other researches that aim to bring a theoretical analysis to the link between the consumption and its impacting factors, this research is anchored in practice. Firstly it measures consumption on real situations. About 9000 tours were followed and analyzed. Secondly the significant fuel consumption factors are analysed. Third the importance of driving behaviour as one of the most important factors for reducing consumption is assessed. In this research, done in collaboration with a logistics services provider operating its own trucks fleet, we defined a measurement protocol implemented in 29 trucks. Then we were able to retain the fuel consumption and to link it to the context of the tour. Several incentives were tested to motivate truck drivers in order to reduce fuel consumption. This raises the question of the individual measurement and the evaluation of the driving behaviour improvement. In classical eco-driving models, the estimation of the eco-driving fuel consumption depending on the tour environment was often overlooked because of the complexity of the task. However it is required to build a new sustainable incentive system. The main contribution of this paper is to identify and to propose a new system that allows logistics service provider to evaluate driving behaviours and to share the eco driving individual gain as a new driver incentive method. As a result we propose a non linear model to estimate an interval of eco-driving consumption depending on tour environment factors like truck type, road type, speed, load and weather. By reporting the eco-driving strategy implemented in 3 different operational areas during 2 years, this research has enabled us to understand the benefits of the actions to reach fuel consumption and emissions reduction up to 4,2%. It shows here that eco driving strategy can be very efficient in an operational freight transportation environment. In this contribution we developed a first assessment of driving behaviour depending on the conditions of every tour. Thus this paper opens research opportunities in two directions; the first is the experimentation of this approach in different context. The second direction is the enhancement of the model to gain in precision or in robustness.
Application Specific Standard Products with a 38.4GOPS Image Recognition Engine for Automotive Vision Applications

This paper describes Application Specific Standard Products (ASSPs), made up of an RISC processor, an image recognition engine, and peripherals, that have been developed as Systems on a Chip for automotive vision systems. These ASSPs are designed for automotive applications which use information about a vehicle's surroundings obtained from cameras and which need high speed processing for real-time systems control. A RISC processor and new image recognition engine are integrated onto a silicon chip in order to meet automotive specifications including cost and size. The image recognition engine based on local parallel architecture can compute a large amount of image data at high speed. The authors describe two ASSPs, one for general vision systems and the other for car navigation systems. They report on three practical applications to demonstrate the devices’ computational capabilities. These applications include road sign recognition for precise positioning; multitype lane marker recognition; and vehicle detection by voting edge-pair feature space. Sign recognition with one of the ASSPs, called SH7774, was especially successful in executing practical car navigation software and real-time sign recognition at the same time. The authors conclude that there are infinite possibilities for realizing safer and more easily operated vehicles by mounting cameras at the front, sides and rear to monitor and recognize the outside environment.
EROSION CONTROL AND ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF NATIVE VEGETATION COMPARED TO BERMUDAGRASS

Roadside slope failure, as well as drainage channel and structure siltation, is related to the health and character of the roadside vegetative community. Native grasses and prairie plant associations are well adapted to the harsh open environments of open prairies and plains, a characteristic shared by many highway roadsides. This study hypothesized that the growth habit of native plants, which includes a tough, deep, fibrous root system, and a dense surface protecting cover, may make them better suited for slope protection and erosion control than most introduced grass species commonly used on the roadside. Furthermore, researchers hypothesized that these native vegetation associations would require less cultural maintenance than the introduced grasses and would be less subject to invasion of noxious weeds. The researchers compared the erosion control and surface soil-reinforcing properties of four native grass, wildflower, and forb mixes to common Bermudagrass. The performance testing procedures were in accordance with the test procedures developed by the Texas Department of Transportation and the Texas Transportation Institute (TTI) for the evaluation of rolled erosion control products. Tests were performed at the TTI's Hydraulics and Erosion Control Field Laboratory, College Station, Texas.
Climbing Service Robot for Duct Inspection and Maintenance Applications in a Nuclear Reactor

SADIE climbing robot was commissioned by Magnox Electric plc to perform non-destructive testing of various welds on the main reactor cooling gas ducts at Sizewell 'A' Power Station in the UK. The size of the vehicle was 640 mm x 400 mm x 180 mm and was able to carry the necessary equipment for the range of tasks required, including pre-inspection preparation and ultrasonic weld inspection. The robot uses a sliding frame mechanism actuated by servo motors for precise position of the frames, and pneumatic cylinders for compliant leg control. Vacuum grippers are used for climbing vertical surfaces and magnetic rollers are used for stabling the robot during maintenance operations where large vibration forces can be generated by the tool packages. The vehicles can operate at any orientation whilst negotiating compound curves. A part of the requirement was that the robot would need to climb upside down at the top of the duct to inspect some of the welds. It was therefore necessary to develop a force controlled foot change over sequence in order to prevent the robot to push itself off the climbing surface.
A High-Fidelity Energy Monitoring and Feedback Architecture for Reducing Electrical Consumption in Buildings

Existing solutions in commercial building energy monitoring are insufficient in identifying energy waste or for guiding improvement. This is because they only provide usage statistics in aggregate, both spatially and temporally. To significantly and sustainably reduce energy usage in buildings, we need an architecture and a system implementation that provide high-fidelity real-time visibility into each component of the building. We propose a three-tiered architecture consisting of sensing, data delivery and representation, and applications and services . We show that this layering allows us to cleanly abstract the low-level details of the myriads of disparate monitoring instruments and protocols, provide an uniform data representation interface, and enable innovation in portable building applications. This thesis further explores each layer in detail and present design decisions and findings. Building on top of this architecture, we propose an application process flow for energy data analysis and visualization, substantiated by a real deployment. This process consists of three parts: first, to understand and instrument the load tree; second, to conduct data analysis, modeling, and disaggregation of energy usage statistics; and third, combined with meta-data, to re-aggregate individual load usages into actionable representations for visualization and feedback to the occupants. Finally, we evaluate the proposed architecture and process flow with a diverse class of building applications, visualizations, and deployments.
Automation in Library's collection development and acquisition process in academic institutions in Delta Central, district of Delta State, Nigeria.

It is absolutely essential for a library to posses the resources that will enable it to meet its goals. Automation can therefore help in better management of the library collection and acquisition process. However, the use of computers and other peripherals to do what has been done with the justification of reduced cost and better performance form the nucleus of this paper. In Conclusion, Librarians must analyses their needs and plan the selection and implementation of automation system (Information and Communication Technology) that support the mission and priorities of the institution
Conceptions of Process Management: An Analysis of the Discourse in the Management Literature

Process management has been described as perhaps the most important management idea of the last 20 years. There is still a considerable debate about what process management means, however, and how organizations shall interpret the idea behind the concept. The purpose of this paper is to study how one of the most important suppliers of management knowledge, namely management journals, describe and use the concept process management. It is suggested that process management is best understood as a discourse of its own that sails under many flags. The study captures a technically oriented discourse that has been driven mainly by practitioners starting in 1983 and that has had fairly constant popularity since then.
Expanding lean into transportation infrastructure construction

The construction industry struggles with low productivity and low customer satisfaction. Lean Construction has been developed to counter these problems within the specific context, linked mainly with constructing buildings. The aim of this thesis is to expand the knowledge on Lean by identifying how Lean can be applied within transportation infrastructure construction. This thesis examines what principles of Lean that are applicable, what success factors that supports Lean and suggests how they can be achieved in practice. Through an inductive case study the context was understood and knowledge expanded. The data was collected during three weeks of study on site of a highway intersection construction. Existing literature on Lean, Lean construction, Project Management and Organizational theory were used to interpret and conceptualize the data along with accomplish the purpose. This thesis indicates that the five principles of Lean are applicable within transportation infrastructure projects. The main differences compared with Lean Construction are that; the value requires a holistic approach, the flow is within the construction site and the flow needs to be managed on different hierarchical levels. The identified success factors for becoming Lean in the construction of transportation infrastructure are: achieving cross functional integration, combing activities into processes, differentiating between required decision making capabilities and differentiating between the provided work descriptions. Practical implications for construction projects include increased partnering with customers, instituting a project management office, use visual flow maps, institute Last Planner System and provide work descriptions based on standardizing the skills, the outcome or the process.