Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a Malicious Traffic Filter Using Snort and Wireshark as a Proof of Concept to Enhance Mobile Network Security

|In the 1970s, roaming interconnections for cellular networks were designed for a few trusted parties. Hence, security was not a major concern. Today, the SS7 (Signaling System no. 7) solution that is several decades old is still used for many roaming interconnections. SS7 has been proven vulnerable to serious threats due to deregulation, expansion, and convergence with IP-based Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks. The limitations of the SS7 network that it is unable to check the subscriber’s authentic location, verify their identity and (cid:12)lter illegitimate messages, makes the system vulnerable to attacks. Adversaries taking advantage of these shortcomings can in(cid:13)ict threats such as interception of calls and text messages, subscriber tracking and denial of service attacks. Although LTE and Diameter signaling protocols promise enhanced security keeping up with the latest attack vectors, their inherent (cid:13)aws related to roaming interconnections are still there and continue to make the networks vulnerable. Hence, a highly secure signaling network is required to protect the operators and the subscribers from a diverse range of security attacks. SS7 network protocol layers, such as signaling connection control part (SCCP), transaction capabilities application part (TCAP), and global system for mobile Communications { mobile application part (GSM MAP), manage connectivity between networks and subscribers. An analysis of the parameters of these layers may provide a clear insight into any anomalies present. Unfortunately, these parameters are not validated and veri(cid:12)ed at the network’s edge. The major contribution of this research is a methodology for detecting anomalies by checking malformed parameters and intra-layer parameter discrepancies at the abovementioned protocol layers. This paper provides an insight into the severity of SS7 network security vulnerabilities. Furthermore, it provides a proof of concept for the analysis of SS7 network tra(cid:14)c using the Wireshark packet capture tool and the Snort intrusion detection system (IDS) capable of detecting malicious tra(cid:14)c patterns.
Comparison of Losses in Voltage Source Inverters and Direct AC-AC Converters

Abstract This paper is concerned with modelling, predicting and experimental measurement of semiconductor losses in direct AC-AC (matrix) converters. All of the commutation scenarios possible in a matrix converter topology using two or four step commutation are identified and studied. A complete loss model for both switching loss and conduction loss for the purposes of comparison with other converter technologies is developed and the matrix converter compared with an equivalent back-to-back inverter employing the same devices.
Classification of brain tumours using artificial neural networks

Magnetic Resonance (MR) brain Image is very important for medial analysis and diagnosis. These images are generally measured in radiology department to measure images of anatomy as well as the general physiological process of the human body. In this process magnetic resonance imaging measurement are used with a heavy magnetic field, its gradients along with radio waves to produce the pictures of human organs. MR brain image is also used to identify any blood clots or damaged blood veins in the brain. A counterfeit neural organization is a nonlinear information handling model that have been effectively used preparation models for tackling administered design acknowledgment assignments because of its capacity to sum up this present reality issues. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is used to classify the given MR brain image having Benign or Malignant tumour in the brain. Benign tumours are generally not cancerous tumours. These are also not able to grow or spread in the human body. In very rare cases they may grow very slowly. Once it is eliminated, they do not come again. On the other hand, Malignant tumours are cancer tumours. These tumour cells are grown and also easily spread to other parts of the human body. Benign also known as Harmless. These are not destructive. They either can't spread or develop, or they do as such leisurely. On the off chance that a specialist eliminates them, they don't by and large return. Premalignant In these growths, the cells are not yet harmful, however they can possibly become threatening. Malignant also known as threatening. Malignant growths are destructive. The cells can develop and spread to different pieces of the body. In our proposed framework initially, it distinguishes Wavelet Transform to separate the highlights from the picture. Subsequent to separating the highlights it incorporates tumour shape and power attributes just as surface highlights are distinguished. Finally, ANN to group the information highlights set into Benign or Malignant tumour. The main purpose as well as the objective is to identifying the tumours weather it belongs to Benign or Malignant.
Bioinformatics Analysis Uncovers the Importance of RTK-RAS-PI3K/Akt Regulation by Borneol in Overcoming Breast Cancer Resistance to Tamoxifen

Currently, tamoxifen-based hormonal treatment remains the first line for luminal A (estrogen receptor [ER]-positive) subtype breast cancer, with a response of more than 30%. Chemoresistance was induced by the long-term use of tamoxifen therapy. Therefore, to prevent resistance and improve the effectiveness of tamoxifen, combined therapy is required. This study used bioinformatics to identify possible borneol target genes and their mechanism for overcoming tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells. We used data from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) collection to find differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) site, version 6.8, was also used to undertake gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analysis of the DEGs. The STRING-DB site, version 11.0, was used to predict protein-protein interaction (PPI) study. The PPI analysis findings were visualized using the Cytoscape software, version 3.8. 2. The hub gene was further calculated using the CytoHubba plugin. The genomic alterations from the hub gene were evaluated using cBioPortal, version 1.18. 1. The potential target genes (PTGs) of borneol compounds are ESR1, FGFR2, STAT3, ERBB4, PRKCA, and RTK-RAS PI3K-Akt signaling as its prospective mechanism to overcome tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells. More studies are needed to confirm the potential of borneol to overcome tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer.
The Difference a Female Teacher Makes: Analysis of Girls’ School Achievement in Nepal

Abstract Educational outcomes of female students are limited by persistent gender inequalities and the lack of non-patriarchal support structures in schools in Nepal. Role model theory suggests that female teachers provide a range of benefits for female students. We explored if the same-sex teacher as students has nexus with students’ performance in standardized exit examinations among 549 eighth-grade Nepali students to understand the contributions of female teachers on the academic performance of female students. The Mann-Whitney U-test compared eighth-grade male and female students’ test scores based on teachers’ sexual backgrounds. Overall, results showed that students taught by female teachers achieved significantly higher scores in science and the Nepali language than those taught by male teachers, indicating a clear advantage of female teachers. Findings imply that efforts to increase female teachers and invest in their professional development are essential to boost the academic success of girls and to achieve a more equitable education system in Nepal.
Ecotoxicological Estimation of 4-Cumylphenol, 4-t-Octylphenol, Nonylphenol, and Volatile Leachate Phenol Degradation by the Microscopic Fungus Umbelopsis isabellina Using a Battery of Biotests

The phenolic xenobiotics nonylphenol (NP), 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP), and 4-cumylphenol (4-CP) have the potential to seriously disrupt the endocrine system. Volatile phenols (VPs), especially those present in landfill leachate, also adversely affect the health of numerous organisms. Microbial degradation of xenobiotics can result in the formation of intermediates with higher toxicity than the precursor substrates. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to assess the changes in environmental ecotoxicity during the biotransformation of nonylphenol, 4-tert-octylphenol, 4-cumylphenol and volatile phenols by Umbelopsis isabellina using a battery of biotests. The application of bioindicators belonging to different taxonomic groups and diverse trophic levels (producers, consumers, and reducers) indicated a significant reduction in toxicity during the cultivation of fungus cultures both for nonylphenol, 4-tert-octylphenol, 4-cumylphenol and volatile phenols. The rate of toxicity decline was correlated with the degree of xenobiotic biotransformation. Removal of 4-cumylphenol and 4-tert-octylphenol also led to a decrease in the anti-androgenic potential. Moreover, this is the first report demonstrating the anti-androgenic properties of 4-cumylphenol. The results showed that U. isabellina is an attractive tool for the bioremediation and detoxification of contaminated environments.
Identification, Expression, and Functional Study of Seven NAC Transcription Factor Genes Involved in Stress Response in Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.)

Plant NAC transcription factors play vital roles in diverse biological processes, especially in response to stress. However, only a limited number of the FtNAC genes have been cloned and functionally analyzed in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn. ), which is a coarse grain crop that is highly resistant to abiotic stress. Here, we identified seven Tartary buckwheat FtNAC genes, namely FtNAC11, FtNAC12, FtNAC26, FtNAC28, FtNAC65, FtNAC70, and FtNAC78. Multiple-sequence alignments revealed that all of them contained the conserved NAM domain, which consisted of the A, B, C, D, and E subdomains. Seven NAC proteins were classified into six subgroups based on phylogenetic analyses. Cis-acting regulatory elements analyses (CARE) indicated that there were numerous CAREs related to biotic and abiotic responses and hormone responses in the promoters of FtNAC genes. qRT-PCR showed that they were tissue-specifically expressed and could be induced by four out of six treatments, namely PEG, NaCl, cold, MeJA, ABA, and GA, implying that they were abiotic and hormone responsive. Among these, FtNAC70 was the most strongly induced gene and could be induced by all six treatments. Meanwhile, FtNAC70-overexpressed Arabidopsis showed more resistance to salt and drought. The identification, phylogenetics, expression, and functional study of seven stress-responsive FtNAC genes laid a foundation for further research on the molecular mechanism of abiotic stress regulated by NAC TFs in Tartary buckwheat.
Cerebral Tissue Oxygen Saturation Is Enhanced in Patients following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: A Retrospective Study

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as an alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a relevant alteration in cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (rSO2) could be detected following TAVI. Retrospective data analysis included 275 patients undergoing TAVI between October 2016 and December 2020. Overall, rSO2 significantly increased following TAVI (64.6 ± 10% vs. 68.1 ± 10%, p < 0.01). However, a significant rise was only observed in patients with a preoperative rSO2 < 60%. Of the hemodynamic confounders studied, hemoglobin, mean arterial pressure and blood pH were lowered, while central venous pressure and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) were slightly elevated (PaCO2: 39 (36–43) mmHg vs. 42 (37–47) mmHg, p = 0.03; pH: 7.41 (7.3–7.4) vs. 7.36 (7.3–7.4), p < 0.01). Multivariate linear regression modeling identified only hemoglobin as a predictor of altered rSO2. Patients with a EuroScore II above 4% and an extended ICU stay were found to have lower rSO2, while no difference was observed in patients with postoperative delirium or between the implanted valve types. Further prospective studies that eliminate differences in potential confounding variables are necessary to confirm the rise in rSO2. Future research should provide more information on the value of cerebral oximetry for identifying high-risk patients who will require further clinical interventions in the setting of the TAVI procedure.
Cross-Cultural Violence Risk Assessment: Adapting the HCR-20V3 for Incarcerated Offenders in Mexico

Abstract This prospective study investigated the predictive validity of a culturally adapted version of the Historical-Clinical-Risk Management-20 (HCR-20V3) with a sample of 114 incarcerated males in a medium-security prison in Mexico City. The goal was to integrate a culturally responsive approach to violence risk assessment by incorporating culturally relevant risk factors identified by forensic mental health professionals in Latin America who conduct violence risk assessments. These risk factors related to problematic family and peer relationships, machismo, normalization of violence, and economic disadvantage. Data collection for HCR-20V3 ratings involved clinical interviews and a review of institutional documents; data on aggressive incidents were collected through document review, self-report follow-up interviews, and guard reports. Participants who engaged in institutional violence during the 3-month follow-up period were given significantly higher scores on several culturally relevant risk factors than those who did not engage in institutional violence. Although the culturally adapted HCR-20V3 items did not provide incremental validity to the original HCR-20V3 items, the culturally adapted HCR-20V3 total score produced an area under the ROC curve of . 73-. 74. The findings provide evidence that the culturally adapted HCR-20V3 has strong predictive validity and the utility of adapting culturally relevant risk factors for the assessment of violence risk.
Disruptions, adjustments and hopes: The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on child well‐being in five Majority World Countries

Abstract Drawing on integrated data from focus groups and diary entries, we explored the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on child well‐being for children from five Majority World Countries. We focus on the disruptions the pandemic caused, the adjustments made in response to these, and children's vision of a post‐pandemic world. Underlying children's experiences of loss, boredom and concerns about educational progress, was an awareness of systemic inequalities that disadvantaged them or others in their community. Findings have implications on capturing children's voices through introspective and dialogical approaches that transcend cultures and for the development of preventive and responsive interventions during crises.
Optimal design of a magnetorheological damper used in smart prosthetic knees

In this paper, a magnetorheological (MR) damper is optimally designed for use in smart prosthetic knees. The objective of optimization is to minimize the total energy consumption during one gait cycle and weight of the MR damper. Firstly, a smart prosthetic knee employing a DC motor, MR damper and springs is developed based on the kinetics characteristics of human knee during walking. Then the function of the MR damper is analyzed. In the initial stance phase and swing phase, the MR damper is powered off (off-state). While during the late stance phase, the MR damper is powered on to work as a clutch (on-state). Based on the MR damper model as well as the prosthetic knee model, the instantaneous energy consumption of the MR damper is derived in the two working states. Then by integrating in one gait cycle, the total energy consumption is obtained. Particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the geometric dimensions of MR damper. Finally, a prototype of the optimized MR damper is fabricated and tested with comparison to simulation.
Analysis of a Dynamic Response of the Cochlea Using Fluid-Structure Interaction Model

A one-dimensional (1D) model of the cochlea of the inner ear has been built and validated against the previously built three-dimensional (3D) fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model of the cochlea. The 1D model has been used to assess the influence of the round window impedance on the pressure distribution in the cochlea. It was shown that high impedance, which enables compression reflection pressure wave at the round window, leads to the biggest pressure difference between the scala vestibule and the scala tympani in the cochlea, which may lead to a stronger excitation of the basilar membrane.
Development of systematics ranked structure of environmental protecting equipment for cleaning of gas emissions, wastewater and solid waste

The information about existing methods and technical means of purification of gas emissions, wastewater and solid waste processing is summarized. Selection of an object of study – the functional class of magnetic separators – is conditioned by the fact that in practice it is the most widely used environmental equipment for magnetic purification. Devices for magnetic purification are the most technically implemented and described in the information sources. To build a systematics of selected functional class the concept is proposed, whose objective is to develop a ranked taxonomy structure of environment protecting equipment for magnetic purification. At the beginning of systematics building the full species composition of the investigated class of devices for magnetic purification was defined. System information on the number and genetic structure of Species enabled to determine the ranked structure of the main taxonomic units of the class. The proposed ranked structure of systematics consists of two parts: taxa that are defined by the periodic structure of the genetic classification of the field primary sources, and taxa that take into account the artificial characteristic – an environment where the magnetic purification is carried out. The results of the research can be used to create systematic catalogs, information and design databases and knowledge bases in the field of environment protecting equipment and in the learning process for students of natural and engineering specialties.
Impedance Control and Stability of DC/DC Converter Systems

Cascaded DC/DC converter systems (or ’cascaded systems’) h ave instability problems; i.e., although the subsystems may work well indiv dually, the whole system may be instable due to the impedance interaction amon g these subsystems. To solve this problem, a family of impedance-based sta bilis tion methods are proposed in this thesis. First, parallel-virtual-impedance (PVI) and series-virt ual-impedance (SVI) control strategies are proposed to stabilise cascaded systems via shaping the load input impedance. Theoretically, the PVI or SVI control stra tegy connect a virtual impedance in parallel or series with the input port of th e load converter so that the magnitude or phase of the load input impedance can be modified within a very small frequency range. Therefore, with the PVI or SVI c ontrol strategy, the cascaded system can be stabilised with minimal compromi se of the load performance. Then, based on the PVI and SVI control strategi es, adaptive-PVI (APVI) and adaptive-SVI (ASVI) control strategies are prop osed by introducing an adaptive mechanism to change the impedance. With the A PVI or ASVI control strategy, the load converter can be stably connecte d to different source converters without changing its internal structure. It is a lso shown that the ASVI control strategy is better than the APVI control strate gy and can make the cascaded system more stable. Moreover, a minimum-rippl eoint-tracking (MRPT) controller is proposed and utilised to solve the pote ntial problem of the ASVI control strategy. Finally, a source-side SVI (SSVI ) control strategy and aVRLCdamper are proposed to stabilise the cascaded system with be tter source performance or input filter performance, respective ly. All the proposed stabilisation and control methods are vali dated by extensive experimental results.
Comparison and statistical analysis of long-term overheating indices applied on energy renovated dwellings in temperate climates

Stakeholders, researchers and designers apply different overheating metrics because they follow different comfort theories or comply with different regulations and standards. As a result, there is no common ground for generalization, intercomparison and final concordance of their conclusions. Correlation of indices would simplify the analysis being conducted during the design (optimization process) or operational (comfort assessment) phase of buildings. This research compares and statistically correlates results of seven widely used long-term overheating indices on four ‘free-running’ representative dwellings and characteristic climatic conditions of central Europe (Denmark, United Kingdom, Austria and France). Different renovation steps and passive cooling strategies were applied on these case studies creating 66 variants for comfort assessment. The analyses were conducted with the use of a dynamic energy performance engine and widely accepted calculation methods and statistical tools. The statistical analyses show that dynamic indices originate from the same adaptive comfort theory directly related with each other. In addition, it is possible to create general and widely applied relationships between static overheating indices independently of the case study and climatic condition.
Long‐term monitoring in endangered woodlands shows effects of multi‐scale drivers on bird occupancy

The effect of spatial scale on the location and abundance of species has long been a major topic of interest in ecology. Accounting for key drivers at multiple scales is critical for rigorous description of patterns of species distribution and biodiversity change. We quantified the effects of potential drivers of bird occupancy across a geographically dispersed, but heavily disturbed and fragmented ecosystem.
An Expansion on Prioritized Experience Replay with Round Robin Scheduling

From a fantasy on the silver screen to beating human players at tic-tac-toe, chess, classic Atari games and Go, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made great strides in the last 60 years. Specifically, the field of Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been an area of much interest given its recent success and its still relatively novel nature. The bulk of RL research has been focused on developing learning algorithms such as Statet, Actiont, Rewardt, Statet+1, Actiont+1(SARSA), SARSAmax (Q-Learning), and Genetic Algorithms. Therefore, little attention has been paid to the tools used to help these algorithms (i.e. the Experience Replay Buffer). This paper briefly covers the Deep Q-Learning (DQN) algorithm, as it is the learning algorithm used in this study. Most importantly, it demonstrates a new Experience Replay Butter sampling technique, the Round Robin Prioritized Experience Replay Buffer (RRPERB). This technique successfully demonstrated that it could help RL agents learn with less episodes and also generalized better to rarely seen states by not completely depriving them of experiences which are ranked as less priority.