Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real-time semantic segmentation of gastric intestinal metaplasia using a deep learning approach

Background/Aims Previous artificial intelligence (AI) models attempting to segment gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) areas have failed to be deployed in real-time endoscopy due to their slow inference speeds. Here, we propose a new GIM segmentation AI model with inference speeds faster than 25 frames per second that maintains a high level of accuracy. Methods Investigators from Chulalongkorn University obtained 802 histological-proven GIM images for AI model training. Four strategies were proposed to improve the model accuracy. First, transfer learning was employed to the public colon datasets. Second, an image preprocessing technique contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization was employed to produce clearer GIM areas. Third, data augmentation was applied for a more robust model. Lastly, the bilateral segmentation network model was applied to segment GIM areas in real time. The results were analyzed using different validity values. Results From the internal test, our AI model achieved an inference speed of 31.53 frames per second. GIM detection showed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive, negative predictive, accuracy, and mean intersection over union in GIM segmentation values of 93%, 80%, 82%, 92%, 87%, and 57%, respectively. Conclusions The bilateral segmentation network combined with transfer learning, contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization, and data augmentation can provide high sensitivity and good accuracy for GIM detection and segmentation.
Low-power sound-based user activity recognition

In the near future, tiny Computers and sensors integrated into our clothcs will monitor our physical condition and activities to assist us in everyday tasks: be it suggesting simple improvements in a recipe while we cook or even preventing a maintenance worker from a hazardous mistake. Typically, activities are recognized with motion sensors. In this work, we use sound as a novel modality for activity recognition. With a micro-phone mounted on the wrist, e.g. inside a watch, we are able to pick up sounds that are caused by the user or occur in close proximity to the user's hand. Thus, we can detect hand movements which generate a sound, like switching on an appliance or performing a noisy manual task. Activity recognition Systems are usually tuned to deliver high recogni¬ tion rates. However, size and battery capacity of wearable Systems impose limitations to the type and amount of sound processing that can be done. The challenge is to carefully select the parameters of the recognition pro¬ cess to achieve on the one hand high recognition rates and on the other hand low power consumption. Thus, our work describes advances towards the development of a power optimized recognition System: a system that is tuned during the training phase of the recognition process to represent a trade-off between power consumption and recognition accuracy. We discuss advantages and limitations of the sound-based activity recognition approach. We show that reasonable scenarios exist where sound is a useful means to detect activities. We present case studies in which we recorded data with wrist worn microphones for four scenarios: operating kitchen appliances, performing manual tasks in a wood Work¬ shop, operating office appliances and being outdoors/using public trans¬ port. These recordings are used to benchmark various sound processing algorithms. To make
Analysis of temporal changes in HIV-1 CRF01_AE gag genetic variability and CD8 T-cell epitope evolution

Currently, little is known about the time-dependent evolution of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) circulating recombinant forms (CRF) 01_AE, a dominant recombinant form associated with HIV-1 epidemics worldwide. Since gag is a highly immunodominant HIV-1 protein, we performed a comparative analysis of the CRF01_AE gag protein’s time-dependent changes and evolution. A total of 3105 HIV-1 CRF01_AE gag sequences representing 17 countries from the timeline 1990–2017 were obtained. The sequences’ phylogenetic relationship and epidemic dynamics were analyzed through a Maximum Likelihood tree and Bayesian Skyline plot, respectively. Genomic variability was measured through Shannon entropy and time-dependent immunoevolution was analyzed using changes in proteasomal degradation pattern, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) epitopes, and Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) restriction profile. The most recent common ancestor of the HIV CRF01_AE epidemic was estimated to be 1974±1. A period of exponential growth in effective population size began in 1982, fluctuated, and then stabilized in 1999. Genetic variability (entropy) consistently increased, however, epitope variability remained comparable; the highest number of novel CTL epitopes were present in 1995–1999, which were lost over time. The spread of the HIV-1 CRF01_AE epidemic is predominant in countries within Asia. Population immunogenetic pressures in the region may have contributed to the initial changes and following adaptation/stabilization of epitope diversity within gag sequences.
Solar PV powered BLDC motor drive for water pumping using Cuk converter

A solar photovoltaic (SPV) powered brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive for water pumping is presented in this study. The current sensors of BLDC motor and the voltage sensor at the DC bus of voltage-source inverter (VSI) are eliminated completely. Instead, the speed is controlled by adjusting the DC bus voltage of VSI. The fundamental frequency switching pulses are generated to operate the VSI in order to minimise the switching losses and to enhance the efficiency of proposed system. A DC-DC Cuk converter is utilised to operate the SPV array at its maximum power. The starting current of BLDC motor is bounded by an optimal initialisation and selection of the control parameters, perturbation size and frequency while tracking the peak power of SPV array. The performance of proposed BLDC motor drive is thoroughly evaluated and its potential is demonstrated under realistic operating conditions. The simulated results and an experimental validation along with a comprehensive comparison with the existing techniques demonstrate prominence of the proposed drive for SPV-based water pumping.
The role of slow-twitch skeletal muscle in the musculoskeletal endocrine axis

In addition to coupling mechanically to produce movement, the musculoskeletal unit has an endocrine function, capable of signaling to distant tissues as well as locally through the release of hormone-like molecules. Musculoskeletal disuse triggers loss of bone and skeletal muscle function while exercise improves musculoskeletal health and protects against chronic disease. We investigated potential crosstalk pathways within the musculoskeletal unit involving, (1) muscle derived BAIBA in muscle-to-bone crosstalk and (2) bone MBTPS1 in bone-to-muscle crosstalk. To assess the impact of BAIBA on muscle and bone properties, mice were immobilized for two weeks via hind limb suspension while receiving L-BAIBA. Fast twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles and slow twitch soleus muscles were then isolated for ex vivo contractility testing and tibia was obtained for analysis of trabecular bone content. In muscle, L-BAIBA supplementation showed no effect on muscle mass or EDL contractile function but increased slow-twitch soleus
Identification of Clusters - An Actor based Approach

This paper provides two things. First, it gives an overview on the existing top-down methods for the identification of clusters (Section II). Second, it presents a new method that has been recently introduced by Scholl and Brenner (2016) in a basic version. However, the existing version of this approach is limited and does not take full advantage of its potential. The approach is further developed here and its characteristics and the procedure of its use are presented and discussed in detail (Section III).
Modelling, design and stability analysis of an improved SEPIC converter for renewable energy systems

ABSTRACT In this paper, a detailed modelling and analysis of a switched inductor (SI)-based improved single-ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) has been presented. To increase the gain of conventional SEPIC converter, input and output side inductors are replaced with SI structures. Design and stability analysis for continuous conduction mode operation of the proposed SI-SEPIC converter has also been presented in this paper. State space averaging technique is used to model the converter and carry out the stability analysis. Performance and stability analysis of closed loop configuration is predicted by observing the open loop behaviour using Nyquist diagram and Nichols chart. System was found to stable and critically damped.
Optimization Design of Cucumber Harvesting Manipulator by TRIZ

In this paper, the design of cucumber harvesting manipulator is completed by using the mechanism instead of the joint type design on the basis of horizontal cucumber planting mode. For the harvesting manipulator, the kinematics simulation of the mechanism is analyzed carried out by Adams. Based on the simulation results, stability problem in the mechanism harvesting manipulator was found. In order to improve of harvesting manipulator, this paper would use TRIZ to analysis solve the problem in existing design, and proposed the innovation solution to optimize it.
INOVASI LAYANAN DELIVERY TILANG DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN DI KEJAKSAAN NEGERI SURABAYA

Abstrak Kejaksaan Negeri Surabaya mempunyai tugas dalam hal penanganan perkara baik perkara pidana umum, perkara pidana khusus, maupun Perkara Datun. Salah satu perkara pidana umum yang ditangani oleh Kejaksaan Negeri Surabaya yaitu perkara tilang. Upaya yang dilakukan pihak Kejaksaan Negeri Surabaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan yaitu dengan menciptakan suatu inovasi pelayanan. Salah satunya dengan menciptakan inovasi layanan delivery tilang. Diciptakannya layanan delivery tilang didasarkan pada fenomena yang terjadi di masyarakat dalam pengambilan delivery tilang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan inovasi layanan delivery tilang dalam meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan di kejaksaan negeri surabaya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode deskriptif kualitatif, teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Fokus yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, triability, observability. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inovasi pelayanan delivery tilang yang diciptakan Kejaksaan Negeri Surabaya mampu menjawab keinginan dari masyarakat. Pada atribut relative advantage ditunjukkan bahwa dengan adanya inovasi layanan delivery tilang masyarakat tidak perlu jauh-jauh, tidak perlu menyita waktu untuk mengambil dokumen tilang di Kejaksaan Negeri Surabaya. Pada atribut compatibility sebelum adanya inovasi delivery tilang tempat pelayanan dilakukan di Pengadilan Negeri Surabaya dan di Kejaksaan Negeri Surabaya. Pada atribut complexity terdapat perbedaan prosedur, namun prosedur layanan delivery tilang lebih mudah. Pada atribut triability layanan delivery tilang sudah melalui fase uji coba dan sudah dilakukan berbagai sosialisasi, tetapi pihak Kejaksaan Negeri Surabaya kurang melakukan sosialisasi secara langsung kepada masyarakat. Pada atribut observability layanan delivery tilang dapat mudah diamati karena inovasi layanan delivery tilang sudah sesuai keinginan maysarakat dan sesuai dengan harapan pihak Kejaksaan Negeri Surabaya. Kata Kunci: Inovasi, Pelayanan, Delivery
Chitosan biosynthesis and virulence in the human fungal Chitosan biosynthesis and virulence in the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus gattii [preprint] pathogen Cryptococcus gattii [preprint] us know how access to this document benefits you.

: Cryptococcus gattii R265 is a hyper-virulent fungal strain responsible for the major outbreak of 30 cryptococcosis in Vancouver Island of British Columbia in 1999. It differs significantly from C. 31 neoformans in its natural environment, its preferred site in the mammalian host, and in the nature 32 and mode of pathogenesis. Our previous studies in C. neoformans have shown that the presence 33 of chitosan, the deacetylated form of chitin, in the cell wall attenuates inflammatory responses in 34 the host, while its absence induces robust immune responses, which in turn facilitate clearance of 35 the fungus and induces a protective response. The results of the present investigation reveal that 36 the cell wall of C. gattii R265 contains 2-3-fold higher amount of chitosan compared to that of C. 37 neoformans . The genes responsible for the biosynthesis of chitosan are highly conserved in the 38 R265 genome; the roles of the three chitin deacetylases (CDA) have however, been modified. To 39 deduce their roles, single, double and a triple CDA deletion strains were constructed in a R265 40 background and were subjected to mammalian infection studies. Unlike C. neoformans where 41 Cda1 has a discernible role in fungal pathogenesis, in R265 Cda3 is critical for virulence. 42 Deletion of either CDA3 alone ( cda3Δ ) or in combination with either CDA1 ( cda1Δ3Δ ) or CDA2 43 ( cda2Δ3Δ ) or both ( cda1Δ2Δ3Δ ) rendered the yeast cells avirulent and were cleared from the 44 infected host. Moreover, the cda1 D 2 D 3 D strain of R265 induced a protective response to a 45 subsequent infection with R265. These studies shed more light into the regulation of chitosan 46 biosynthesis of C. gattii and its subsequent effect on fungal virulence. infection. both groups of mice were challenged with 50,000 CFU of virulent R265 cells. Virulence was recorded as mortality of mice. Mice that lost 20% of starting body weight at the time of inoculation were considered to be moribund and were
Strategy Uptake in Writing Pal: Adaptive Feedback and Instruction

The present study examined the extent to which adaptive feedback and just-in-time writing strategy instruction improved the quality of high school students’ persuasive essays in the context of the Writing Pal (W-Pal). W-Pal is a technology-based writing tool that integrates automated writing evaluation into an intelligent tutoring system. Students wrote a pretest essay, engaged with W-Pal’s adaptive instruction over the course of four training sessions, and then completed a posttest essay. For each training session, W-Pal differentiated strategy instruction for each student based on specific weaknesses in the initial training essays prior to providing the opportunity to revise. The results indicated that essay quality improved overall from pretest to posttest with respect to holistic quality, as well as several specific dimensions of essay quality, particularly for students with lower literacy skills. Moreover, students’ scores on some of the training essays improved from the initial to revised version on the dimensions of essay quality that were targeted by instruction, whereas scores did not improve on the dimensions that were not targeted by instruction. Overall, the results suggest that W-Pal’s adaptive strategy instruction can improve the quality of students’ essays overall, as well as more specific dimensions of essay quality.
Is Transparency an Anti-Corruption Myth?

We look at the effect of transparency on the incidence of costly back-scratching in a laboratory setting by implementing player identification via photographs. In our experimental design players have an incentive to form bilateral alliances in which they favour their partner at the expense of others. We find no improvement in overall group payoffs from transparency. A plausible story that fits our results is that there may be two countervailing forces at play. First, more rapid alliance formation due to social cues from the photographs being used as a coordination device to facilitate faster alliance formation between some players. Second, shorter alliances due to prosocial forces at the group level. We draw out lessons for policy makers about the limits of transparency in curtailing "grey" types of corruption.
Relevance Assessments for Web Search Evaluation: Should We Randomise or Prioritise the Pooled Documents?

In the context of depth-k pooling for constructing web search test collections, we compare two approaches to ordering pooled documents for relevance assessors: The prioritisation strategy (PRI) used widely at NTCIR, and the simple randomisation strategy (RND). In order to address research questions regarding PRI and RND, we have constructed and released the WWW3E8 dataset, which contains eight independent relevance labels for 32,375 topic-document pairs, i.e., a total of 259,000 labels. Four of the eight relevance labels were obtained from PRI-based pools; the other four were obtained from RND-based pools. Using WWW3E8, we compare PRI and RND in terms of inter-assessor agreement, system ranking agreement, and robustness to new systems that did not contribute to the pools. We also utilise an assessor activity log we obtained as a byproduct of WWW3E8 to compare the two strategies in terms of assessment efficiency. Our main findings are: (a) The presentation order has no substantial impact on assessment efficiency; (b) While the presentation order substantially affects which documents are judged (highly) relevant, the difference between the inter-assessor agreement under the PRI condition and that under the RND condition is of no practical significance; (c) Different system rankings under the PRI condition are substantially more similar to one another than those under the RND condition; and (d) PRI-based relevance assessment files (qrels) are substantially and statistically significantly more robust to new systems than RND-based ones. Finding (d) suggests that PRI helps the assessors identify relevant documents that affect the evaluation of many existing systems, including those that did not contribute to the pools. Hence, if researchers need to evaluate their current IR systems using legacy IR test collections, we recommend the use of those constructed using the PRI approach unless they have a good reason to believe that their systems retrieve relevant documents that are vastly different from the pooled documents. While this robustness of PRI may also mean that the PRI-based pools are biased against future systems that retrieve highly novel relevant documents, one should note that there is no evidence that RND is any better in this respect.
ForSense: Accelerating Online Research Through Sensemaking Integration and Machine Research Support

Online research is a frequent and important activity people perform on the Internet, yet current support for this task is basic, fragmented and not well integrated into web browser experiences. Guided by sensemaking theory, we present ForSense, a browser extension for accelerating people’s online research experience. The two primary sources of novelty of ForSense are the integration of multiple stages of online research and providing machine assistance to the user by leveraging recent advances in neural-driven machine reading. We use ForSense as a design probe to explore (1) the benefits of integrating multiple stages of online research, (2) the opportunities to accelerate online research using current advances in machine reading, (3) the opportunities to support online research tasks in the presence of imprecise machine suggestions, and (4) insights about the behaviors people exhibit when performing online research, the pages they visit, and the artifacts they create. Through our design probe, we observe people performing online research tasks, and see that they benefit from ForSense’s integration and machine support for online research. From the information and insights we collected, we derive and share key recommendations for designing and supporting imprecise machine assistance for research tasks.
Understanding the “Pathway” Towards a Searcher’s Learning Objective

Search systems are often used to support learning-oriented goals. This trend has given rise to the “search-as-learning” movement, which proposes that search systems should be designed to support learning. To this end, an important research question is: How does a searcher’s type of learning objective (LO) influence their trajectory (or pathway) toward that objective? We report on a lab study (N = 36) in which participants gathered information to meet a specific type of LO. To characterize LOs and pathways, we leveraged Anderson and Krathwohl’s (A&K’s) taxonomy [3]. A&K’s taxonomy situates LOs at the intersection of two orthogonal dimensions: (1) cognitive process (CP) (remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate, and create) and (2) knowledge type (factual, conceptual, procedural, and metacognitive knowledge). Participants completed learning-oriented search tasks that varied along three CPs (apply, evaluate, and create) and three knowledge types (factual, conceptual, and procedural knowledge). A pathway is defined as a sequence of learning instances (e.g., subgoals) that were also each classified into cells from A&K’s taxonomy. Our study used a think-aloud protocol, and pathways were generated through a qualitative analysis of participants’ think-aloud comments and recorded screen activities. We investigate three research questions. First, in RQ1, we study the impact of the LO on pathway characteristics (e.g., pathway length). Second, in RQ2, we study the impact of the LO on the types of A&K cells traversed along the pathway. Third, in RQ3, we study common and uncommon transitions between A&K cells along pathways conditioned on the knowledge type of the objective. We discuss implications of our results for designing search systems to support learning.
Microservice Security Metrics for Secure Communication, Identity Management, and Observability

Microservice architectures are increasingly being used to develop application systems. Despite many guidelines and best practices being published, architecting microservice systems for security is challenging. Reasons are the size and complexity of microservice systems, their polyglot nature, and the demand for the continuous evolution of these systems. In this context, to manually validate that security architecture tactics are employed as intended throughout the system is a time-consuming and error-prone task. In this article, we present an approach to avoid such manual validation before each continuous evolution step in a microservice system, which we demonstrate using three widely used categories of security tactics: secure communication, identity management, and observability. Our approach is based on a review of existing security guidelines, the gray literature, and the scientific literature, from which we derived Architectural Design Decisions (ADDs) with the found security tactics as decision options. In our approach, we propose novel detectors to detect these decision options automatically and formally defined metrics to measure the conformance of a system to the different options of the ADDs. We apply the approach to a case study data set of 10 open source microservice systems, plus another 20 variants of these systems, for which we manually inspected the source code for security tactics. We demonstrate and assess the validity and appropriateness of our metrics by performing an assessment of their conformance to the ADDs in our systems’ dataset through statistical methods.