Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Altered resting activity patterns and connectivity in individuals with complex regional pain syndrome

Abstract Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic neuropathic pain disorder that typically occurs in the limbs, usually the upper limb. CRPS usually develops from a peripheral event but its maintenance relies on changes within the central nervous system. While functional abnormalities in the thalamus and primary somatosensory cortex (S1) of the brain are some of the most consistently reported brain findings in CRPS, the mechanisms are yet to be explored in full, not least of all how these two regions interact and how they might relate to clinical deficits, such as the commonly reported poor tactile acuity in this condition. This study recruited 15 upper‐limb CRPS subjects and 30 healthy controls and used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate infra‐slow oscillations (ISOs) in critical pain regions of the brain in CRPS. As hypothesised, we found CRPS was associated with increases in resting signal intensity ISOs (0.03–0.06 Hz) in the thalamus contralateral to the painful limb in CRPS subjects. Interestingly, there was no such difference between groups in S1, however CRPS subjects displayed stronger thalamo‐S1 functional connectivity than controls, and this was related to pain. As predicted, CRPS subjects displayed poor tactile acuity on the painful limb which, interestingly, was also related to thalamo‐S1 functional connectivity strength. Our findings provide novel evidence of altered patterns of resting activity and connectivity in CRPS which may underlie altered thalamocortical loop dynamics and the constant perception of pain.
Medication Decision Making Among African American Caregivers of Children With ADHD: A Review of the Literature

Background: Significant pharmacotherapy disparities exist among children from ethnic minorities with ADHD. Objective: The purpose of this review is to synthesize existing evidence on African American caregiver medication decision making (MDM) for children with ADHD. Method: Databases queried for this review included the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsychINFO, PubMed, and Education Resources Information Center (ERIC). Information regarding the unique culturally specific barriers and supports to MDM were examined through the relevant literature search. Results: Fourteen articles were included in this review (seven observational studies, four qualitative studies, three mixed methods studies). Three main themes were identified which include (a) fundamental perspectives of ADHD, and cultural norms for child behavior; (b) the impact of fundamental perspectives on MDM in ADHD; and (c) ADHD diagnosis and treatment as forms of social control. Conclusion: Evidence-based recommendations for clinicians are provided, along with direction for future research.
FREE AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF THE PLANT ROOT ENVIRONMENT UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS

The free amino acids and the total ninhydrin-reacting material found in the rhizosphere of plants grown under field conditions were compared with those in the nonrhizosphere soil and with root extracts. Water, 20% ethanol and carbon tetrachloride-water were used as extractants. While the last two removed more amino acids than the water, this was probably the result of partial decomposition of the cellular material of the soil. The use of water as an extractant should give a better measure of the amount of amino acids in the soil under natural conditions. The rhizosphere contained greater quantities of amino acids than the soil from outside this zone. In general, the most prominent amino acids were aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine; asparagine, glutamine and citrulline were also present. The amino acid content of the rhizosphere varied with the plant. Although root extracts contained very large quantities of amino acids, comparison of these extracts with the rhizosphere s.
Discussion on the Inishkea Division of northwest Mayo: Dalradian cover rather than pre-Caledonian basement (Ireland)

M.D. Max and J.A. Winchester write: Kennedy & Menuge have proposed that the Inishkea Division in the northwest part of the north County Mayo metamorphic inlier is part of the Dalradian Supergroup, containing beds as young as Islay Subgroup. We disagree strongly. Kennedy & Menuge followed the geological subdivision of the Caledonian rocks in the inlier proposed by Max (1970), Sutton (1971a, b), Crow et al. 1971, Crow & Max (1976), Max & Long (1985), Winchester & Max (1988a, b) and Max et al. 1992, and the results of isotopic dating summarized by Aftalion & Max (1987) that show the long pre-Caledonian tectonothermal history of the Annagh Division gneisses. However, the relationship of the Inishkea Division, linked with the Annagh Division as part of the Erris Complex (Winchester & Max 1988a, b), to the Dalradian is less clear than the relationship between the Annagh Division and the Dalradian. The Inishkea Division does not contain the complex extended early structural history and variety of deformed and metamorphosed igneous rocks displayed by the Annagh Division (Sutton & Max 1969). Even the Annagh Division was then regarded by some as containing no rocks of tectonothermal activity older than Caledonian (Phillips et al. 1969). Kennedy & Menuge comment that ‘no unambiguous sedimentary structures have been recorded from any rocks assigned to the Inishkea Division’. During the course of field mapping in Mayo (Max et al. 1992), graded bedding, slump conglomerates, heavy mineral beds and bottom compaction sedimentary structures have been recognized, and are especially
Reply: H3 or H4 histamine receptors: That which contributes to suppressing human cholangiocarcinoma progression still remains to be clarified

endogenous natural agonist, histamine, widely exists. However, the in vivo experiments of this study did not exclude the possible involvement of H3HRs. Therefore, we feel that more evidence (obtained based on either pharmacological methods or transgenic animal models) should be provided before any conclusion can be drawn about which receptors (H3HRs or H4HRs) are really involved in suppressing human CCA progression.
A METHOD FOR ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION OF Macrobrachium PRAWNS AND ITS POTENTIAL USE IN INHERITANCE AND HYBRIDIZATION STUDIES1

A simple method for artificial insemination of Macrobrachium prawns is described and observations on breeding behavior, spermatophores and spawning are reported. The insemination procedure involves mechanical extrusion and attachment of sperm masses and has proved successful for intraspecific crosses of M. rosenbergii and M. acanthurus. Further, more than one female can be bred simultaneously by using sperm from a single male, an important consideration for inheritance studies. The following interspecific crosses also have been attempted with this method but without success: M. acanthurus ♂ x M. rosenbergii ♀, M. rosenbergii ♂ x M. acanthurus ♀, M. acanthurus ♂ x M. ohione ♀, M. rosenbergii ♂ x M. ohione ♀, and M. ohione ♂ x M. rosenbergii ♀. Manually placed sperm masses were retained through spawning in a few of the hybridization attempts, but fertilization was not obtained. However, since only a relatively small number of crosses have been attempted, additional efforts in this area appear warranted. Specifically, we believe that trials with more closely related species than those tested to date might prove more fruitful. Also, the potential use of this procedure in captive breeding or hybridization of other species of shrimp is noted.
Impact of Infra-red drying temperature on total phenolic and flavonoid contents, on antioxidant and antibacterial activities of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe).

In this work, the effect of infrared drying temperatures between 40°C and 70°C on the antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity of Zingiber officinale was studied. The total phenolics content (TPC) and total flavonoids content (TFC) were analyzed. The evaluation of antimicrobial activity of ginger extracts was determined using a disc diffusion method against six bacterial cultures. The antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro by means of DPPH and β-carotene assay. When comparing the fresh with the corresponding dehydrated ginger samples, it was shown that the antioxidant activity of the ginger extracts decreased as the drying temperature increased. Thermal degradation, especially at 60 and 70°C resulted in a notable reduction in TPC. However, TFC was not affected by drying temperatures. Results have shown a minor loss of antibacterial activity when drying temperature increased.
Fauna of Natural Seagrass and Transplanted Halodule wrightii (Shoalgrass) Beds in Galveston Bay, Texas

Abstract We compared nekton and benthos densities and community compositions in a natural mixed seagrass bed dominated by Halodule wrightii (shoalgrass) with those found in three shoalgrass transplant sites and adjoining sand habitats in western Galveston Bay, Texas, U.S.A. Quantitative drop traps and cores were used to compare communities up to seven times over 36 months post‐transplant where transplant beds survived. Total densities of fishes, decapods, annelids, benthic crustaceans, and most dominant species were significantly higher in natural seagrass than in transplanted shoalgrass or sand habitats during most sampling periods. On occasion, fish and decapod densities were significantly higher in transplanted shoalgrass than in adjoining sand habitats. No consistent faunal differences were found among transplant sites before two of three sites failed. Taxonomic comparison of community compositions indicated that nekton and benthos communities in natural seagrass beds were usually distinct from those in transplanted beds or sand habitats, which were similar. We conclude that reestablishing a shoalgrass bed that resembles a natural seagrass bed and its faunal communities in the Galveston Bay system will take longer than 3 years, provided that transplants persist.
Crude Protein Fractionation and Degradation Parameters of Limpograss Herbage

Limpograss [Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf & Hubb. ] has low crude protein (CP), but little is known about the plant's CP composition and degradation characteristics. Concentration of CP fractions A, B, and C were measured and the lag phase and rate and extent of CP degradation determined for herbage from two layers (upper 25% and next lower 50%) of limpograss canopies grazed at three heights (20, 40, and 60 cm) under continuous stocking. Slowly degradable (Fraction B) CP concentration in the dry matter (DM) was greater for the upper (21 g kg -1 ) than the lower (14 g kg -1 ) layer, and undegradable Fraction C concentration in total CP was greater in the lower (273 g kg -1 ) than in the upper (208 g kg -1 ) layer. Soluble Fraction A concentration was greatest for 20-cm canopies, Fraction B concentration was greatest for the 40-cm height CP basis. Fraction A concentrations in herbage CP were high across canopy heights (440-630 g kg -1 ), and Fraction B concentrations ranged from 190 to 310 g kg -1 . Lag time of CP degradation ranged from 16 (20 cm) to 21 h (60 cm). Data suggest that (i) low total CP in the DM, resulting in low concentrations of Fractions A and B in the rumen, and the long lag phase for degradation of the B fraction contribute to protein deficiencies of cattle (Bos spp.) grazing limpograss and that (ii) grazing intensity affects forage N status, with highest concentration of N fractions that are available for rumen microbial utilization associated with closely (20 cm) grazed canopies.
The Internal Nasal Skeleton of the Bat Pteropus lylei K. Andersen, 1908 (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)

ABSTRACT The cranial osteology of the megachiropteran Pteropus Brisson, 1762, was the subject of recent study that covered all of the skull bones in significant detail, except for the anatomy of the nasal capsule. Here, we describe and illustrate the internal nasal skeleton of Pteropus lylei K. Andersen, 1908, using histological sections of a fetus and high resolution X-ray computed tomographic (HRXCT) imagery of an adult specimen. The internal nasal skeleton of Pteropus lacks a rostral nasoturbinal and includes a caudal nasoturbinal that corresponds to the ossified crista semicircularis of the fetus; three endoturbinals; one ectoturbinal; the maxilloturbinal; and a low basal crest that may represent a rudimentary element. We describe in detail the structure and connections of these elements in Pteropus. The maxilloturbinal is the largest element. In cross section, the caudal nasoturbinal is unilaminar, the maxilloturbinal is double bilaminar (i.e., each of the basal twin laminae splits further into two secondary laminae), and the other elements range from incipient to asymmetrically double bilaminar (i.e., one branch simple, the other split). All turbinais of the ethmoidal labyrinth contribute to the cribriform plate, creating a specific pattern of cribriform foramina. The elements found in Pteropus are compared with those of other well-known mammals with relatively few turbinai elements, including other bats, primates, canids, and marsupials. We show that, despite terminological discrepancies across studies, homologies are straightforward to establish among these taxa and so comparative or phylogenetic studies may benefit from inclusion of turbinai characters.
Analysis of creeping locomotion of a snake-like robot

Snakes perform many kinds of movement adapted to the environment. Utilizing the snake (its forms and motion) as a model to develop a snake-like robot, that performs the snake's function, is important for generating a new type of locomotion and expanding the possible uses of robots. In this study, we developed a simulator to simulate the creeping locomotion of the snake-like robot, in which the robot dynamics is modeled and the interaction with the environment is considered through Coulomb friction. This simulator makes it possible to analyze creeping locomotion with normaldirection slip, adding to the glide along the tangential direction. Through the developed simulator, we investigate the snake-like robot creeping locomotion which is generated only by swinging each of the joints from side to side and discuss the optimal creeping locomotion of the snake-like robot that is adapted to the environment.
Hericium in North America: cultural characteristics and mating behavior

Cultural characteristics observed in nearly 75 cultures were the basis for the descriptions of the four North American species of Hericium. Comparison of the cultural characters showed subtle differences among the species. Similarities in cultural characters led to the evaluation of nearly 4100 intercollection matings to confirm the identity of the cultures and establish species circumscriptions. As a result all Canadian cultures labelled H. erinaceus were reassigned to H. americanum. The presence of H. erinaceus in Canada could not be confirmed. Matings confirmed the conspecificity of North American and European cultures of H. coralloides and H. erinaceus. Intracollection matings established or confirmed that H. abietis, H. americanum, H. coralloides, and H. erinaceus have a bifactorial mating system.
Association between biochemical markers and insecticide resistance in the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover.

Abstract The activity and electrophoretic mobility of nonspecific esterases, and the sensitivity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, was determined for 21 strains or clones of Aphis gossypii of worldwide origin and related to patterns of insecticide resistance disclosed by diagnostic dose bioassays with demeton-S-methyl, pirimicarb, and permethrin. Results confirmed previous work showing the occurrence of two forms of mutant AChE, both conferring insensitivity to pirimicarb and representing the primary mechanism of resistance to this insecticide. One of these mutant AChE enzymes also caused resistance to demeton- S -methyl in its own right, whereas the other only conferred resistance in combination with moderate or high levels of nonspecific esterase activity. Lack of any correlation between permethrin resistance and quantitative or qualitative changes in esterases implied a distinct, as yet uncharacterised, mechanism of resistance to pyrethroids, possibly based on insensitivity in the target protein for these pesticides.
Western Regional Meeting Abstracts

reasoning, marked motor apraxia with poor fine motor skills and dysgraphia, but her expressive language was preserved despite occasional echolalia. Behavioral problems have been a major challenge for her family throughout her entire life, and her behaviors have included attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, aggressiveness, impulsivity, hypochondriasis and an anxiety disorder. An MRI of the brain was normal. Karyotype was normal and array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) performed at Combimatrix Molecular Diagnostics, revealed a de novo deletion of chromosome 8p23 extending from 7,309,013 to 12,256,860 Mb that is around 4.94 Mb in size, together with a maternally inherited, 1.3 Mb copy numbed gain at 8p11.23Yp11. 22 which contains no genes and may represent a familial polymorphism. Deletion of 8p23.1 is associated with a spectrum of anomalies that includes congenital heart malformations, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, developmental delays and behavioral problems. This region contains the GATA4 gene that is known to play a key role in heart and possibly diaphragm development in humans. However the 8p23.1 phenotype described in the literature is very variable and interestingly, almost all the organ systems can be affected. Mental ability varies from normal to profound mental retardation. Behavioral and attention disorders and aggressive behavior have been described in 6% (10/166) of reported cases, but are underestimated in this deletion syndrome, in which clinical attention is usually directed towards the congenital malformations. Families caring for an individual with 8p23.1 deletion syndrome should be counseled about possible behavioral and attention disturbances, especially aggressive behaviors, that can occur in affected individuals. Session: Residents Forum 516 SLEEPINESS IN HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS: A PILOT STUDY T. Singh, RS. Sirohi, GP. Singh, M. Saadat San Joaquin General Hospital,
Morphologie und Morphogenese des Bodenciliaten Oxytricha granulifera sp.n. (CiIiophora, Oxytrichidae)

Oxytricha granulifera sp.n. differs from other members of the genus by its subpellicular granules and the strongly shortened dorsal kinety 4. The overall pattern of the morphogenetic events is similar to that known from other Oxytrichidae. However, the oral primordium evolves de novo between the left marginal cirral row and the postoral cirri. The six anlagen of the frontoventral cirri are of different origin. Two anlagen of the proter evolve from parental frontal cirri, two from the opisthe, and one includes basal bodies of the proter and opisthe. Two anlagen of the opisthe evolve from the oral primordium, and three primordia originate from the postoral cirri. Frontal cirrus 1 evolves from the paroral membrane in the proter, and from the oral primordium and the anlagen of the frontoventral cirri in the opisthe. The genus Oxytricha can be subdivided into several groups with regard to the origin of its oral primordium and the development of the frontoventral cirri. The morphogenesis of the dorsal kineties in the Hypotrichida is reviewed. Seven different modes of origin are distinguished. We conclude that morphogenetic features cannot be used in the classification of the Hypotrichida at the generic level, because we have too little information to decide whether special morphogenetic features are important at the generic or species level.
Soil compaction and root growth: a review

Adverse effects of soil compaction on crop production have been recognized for many years. The objectives of this report were to briefly review the early literature, review the contributions of Dr. Howard M. Taylor (1924-1991) and co-workers, examine the current status of soil compaction and root growth research, and identify research needs related to soil compaction and root growth. Early in his career, Dr. Taylor and co-workers established relationships among soil strength, soil water content, and seedling emergence and root growth. These studies showed that root growth and distribution were altered to the point that water and nutrient uptake, and, hence, plant growth and yield, were reduced when soil strength reached critical levels due to natural or induced compaction. That research formed the basis for our current knowledge concerning the effects of compaction on root growth and the alleviation of compaction through soil and tillage management
Inheritance and Linkage Relationships of Days to Flower and Morphological Loci in Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus subsp. culinaris)

Lentils from south Asia differ markedly in days to ﬂower and several other traits from lentils in other major lentil producing areas of the world such as west Asia. Single-gene inheritance and a polygenic system were observed to control days to ﬂower in lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus subsp. culinaris). Early ﬂowering was de-termined by a single recessive gene (sn). Early ﬂowering transgressive segregants occurred in F 2 populations due to the interaction of sn and minor genes for earli-ness. Pubescent peduncle (Pep) was inherited as a single gene dominant to gla-brous peduncle (pep). Tendrilless leaf (tnl) was controlled by a single gene recessive to tendrilled leaf (Tnl). The Sn, Scp (seed coat pattern), and Pep loci were linked together in linkage group 5 and Tnl was linked with Gs (colored stem) in linkage group 1 of
Genetic Variation and Persistence of Predator-prey Interactions in the Nicholson–Bailey Model

Abstract The unstable Nicholson–Bailey predator-prey model is extended by assuming that the predation efficiency depends on quantitative characters in both the prey and the predator. The genetics of these characters is assumed to be determined by many diploid loci with additive effects. It is shown that in contrast to the monomorphic model, predator-prey coexistence is possible in the genetically variable system, and that even if the interactions lead to extinction, the time to extinction is typically much larger than in monomorphic model. Coexistence is mediated by a coevolutionary arms race involving oscillations of the character means in the prey and predator populations. Such an arms race can occur even if costs to increase (or decrease) the character value are introduced, and coexistence is possible if such costs are not too high. The results also hold if self-limitation of the prey is included in the model. In this case, both the basic and the genetic model show the paradox of enrichment, but whereas predator-prey coexistence is only possible for low prey carrying capacities in the monomorphic model, the population can persist in the genetically variable system even for very high prey carrying capacities. The results suggest that genetic variability is a condition which promotes predator-prey coexistence, and which should generally be taken into consideration when studying the ecology of extinctions.
Lysozyme isolation from hen egg-white on fractogel TSK CM-650

Abstract The conditions of lysozyme isolation by one-step ion-exchanger column chromatography from hen egg-white (HEW) have been investigated on Fractogel TSK CM-650, weak acid cation ion-exchanger. Different recoveries of enzyme activity have been obtained on different pH values. The best recovery was at pH 9.0 involving electrophoreticaly pure enzyme. This pH value coincides with the natural pH value of HEW.