Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rooting down the aphid's tree – the oldest record of the Aphidomorpha lineage from Palaeozoic (Insecta: Hemiptera)

The new genus and species Lutevanaphis permiana gen.n. et sp.n. , represents the oldest Aphidomorpha, new superfamily Lutevanaphidoidea superfam.n. and new family Lutevanaphididae. This taxon is described from the Middle Permian of the Lodève Basin, southern France. The presence of very small Aphidomorpha in the Middle Permian contradicts the hypothesis of the ‘Lilliput effect’ that is presumed to have affected the insect fauna during the Early to Middle Triassic, after the end‐Permian crisis. Very small insects were present well before the end of the Permian; their relative rarity is attributable probably to taphonomic biases.
Why should geological criteria used on Earth not be valid also for Mars? Evidence of possible microbialites and algae in extinct Martian lakes

Abstract During the Noachian period, 4.1-3.7 Gys ago, the Martian environment was moderately similar to the one on present Earth. Liquid water was widespread in a neutral environment, volcanic activity and heat flow more vigorous, and atmospheric pressure and temperature were higher than today. These conditions may have favoured the spread of life on the surface of Mars. The recognition that different planets and moons share rocky material cast in space by meteoroid impact entails that life creation is not necessary for each single planetary body, but could travel through the Solar system on board of rock fragments. Studies conducted on the past forms of Martian life have already highlighted possible positive matches with microbialite-like structures, referable to the geo-environmental conditions in the Noachian and Hesperian. However, by necessity, these studies are on predominantly micro and meso-scopic scale structures and doubts arise as to their attribution to the biogenic world. We suggest that in the identification of Martian life, we are currently in a position similar to the one of Kalkowsky who in 1908, based solely on morphological and sedimentological arguments, hypothesized the (now accepted) view of the biotic origin of stromatolites. Our analysis of thousands of images from Spirit, Opportunity and Curiosity has provided a selection of images of ring-shaped, domal and coniform macrostructures that resemble terrestrial microbialites such as the ring-shaped stromatolites of Lake Thetis, and stacked cones reminiscent of the group of terrestrial Conophyton. Notably, the latter were detected by Curiosity in the mudstone known as ‘Sheepbed’, the same outcrop where past organic molecules have been detected and where the occurrence of microbial-induced sedimentary structures (MISS) and of many more microbialitic micro, meso and macrostructures has already been hypothesized. Some of the structures discussed in this work are so complex that alternative biological hypotheses can be formulated as possible algae. Alternate, non-abiotic explanations are examined but we find difficult to explain some of such structures in the context of normal sedimentary processes, both syngenetic or epigenetic.
Performance of 15 Miscanthus genotypes at five sites in Europe

John C. Clifton-Brown, Iris Lewandowskia, Bengt Andersson, Gottlieb Basch, Dudley G. Christian, Jens Bonderup Kjeldsene, Uffe Jorgensene, Jorgen V. Mortensene, Andrew B. Riched, Kai-Uwe Schwarze, Koeyumars Tayebic and Fernando Teixeirac (2001) Performance of 15 Miscanthus genotypes at five sites in Europe. Agronomy Journal, 93 (5) pp.1013-1019
Longevity, senescence, and the genome

Featuring extensive references, updated for this paperback edition, "Longevity, Senescence, and the Genome" constitutes a contribution to biomedicine and the evolutionary biology of ageing. To enhance gerontology's focus on human age-related dysfunctions, Caleb E. Finch provides a comparative review of all the phyla of organisms, broadening gerontology to intersect with behavioral, developmental, evolutionary, and molecular biology. By comparing species that have different developmental and life spans, Finch proposes a typology of senescence from rapid to gradual to negligible, and he provides the first multiphyletic calculations of mortality rate constants.
Complete plastid genome of Dendrocalamus brandisii (Poaceae, Bambusoideae)

Abstract Dendrocalamus brandisii is high bamboo with branches several, dominant branches well developed. In this study, the complete plastid genome of D. brandisii was assembled and annotated. The total plastid genome was 139,423 bp in length, consisting a large single-copy region (LSC) of 82,956 bp, a small single-copy region (SSC) of 12,879 bp, and a pair of inverted repeats (IR) regions of 21,794 bp. The complete chloroplast genome contains 132 genes, including 39 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, 8 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and 85 protein-coding genes. The phylogenetic analysis suggested that D. brandisii sister to D. latiflorus.
Weda, a new genus with two new species of Euphorbiaceae‐Crotonoideae from Halmahera (North Maluku, Indonesia) and phylogenetic relationships of the Australasian tribe Ricinocarpeae

During the environmental impact study for a proposed nickel mine near Weda Bay on Halmahera in North Moluccas (Maluku Utara Province), Indonesia, two unknown Euphorbiaceae were discovered. Morphological comparisons and molecular phylogenetic analyses using four markers (plastid trnL‐F and rbcL, and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and external transcribed spacer) indicated that they should be recognized as constituting a new, distinct genus of two species, which are described and illustrated here as Weda fragarioides and Weda lutea. The new taxa are members of the Australasian tribe Ricinocarpeae in subfamily Crotonoideae, and they are most closely related to Alphandia. In contrast with the otherwise mostly sclerophyllous Ricinocarpeae, Weda possesses stellate to dendritic hairs, large, long‐petiolate, glandular leaves, and inflorescences with a pair of large, leafy, subopposite bracts. The two narrowly distributed species are distinguished from each other by vegetative and floral features, molecular data, and elevational preferences. Leaf elemental analysis of Weda indicated manganese, but not nickel, accumulation. Newly resolved generic relationships and potential morphological synapomorphies within Crotonoideae are discussed, and the circumscription of Ricinocarpeae is expanded from 7 to 11 genera.
reptate rheology software: Toolkit for the analysis of theories and experiments

We present a new, free, and open source reptate (rheology of entangled polymers: toolkit for analysis of theory and experiment) software package for viewing, exchanging, and analyzing rheological and associated data. The main idea of reptate is to propose a powerful and user-friendly platform, which can be installed on the same computer as, e.g., the rheometer and which makes comparing experiments with classical, or latest, theories easy—without the need for a theoretician. The new reptate software offers full compatibility with different operating systems (Windows, Mac, and Linux). We demonstrate the use of reptate by reproducing predictions of recently published articles, from entangled, monodisperse, and polydisperse linear chains to branch-on-branch polymer systems in linear and nonlinear rheology regimes.
Debt financing and firm performance: The moderating role of board independence

This article investigates the moderating role of board independence in the relationship between debt financing and performance of emerging market firms. We have used an empirical model in which the firm’s accounting profitability is a dependent variable and the independent variables are debt financing, board independence, the interaction variable made of debt financing and board independence as well as various control variables. Our analysis is based on a panel data set of 300 listed firms in Vietnam between 2013 and 2017. Our study finds that debt financing has a significantly negative effect and that board independence reduces the adverse impact of debt financing on accounting profitability. Our results are consistent across different estimation models and methods.
A Cross-Cultural Study of Justice Sensitivity and Its Consequences for Cooperation

In Western samples, individuals differ systematically in the importance they assign to matters of justice and injustice, and dispositional Justice Sensitivity can be differentiated according to the perspectives of victim, observer, beneficiary, and perpetrator. In a cross-cultural comparison between the Philippines, Germany, and Australia (N = 677 students), we investigated whether Justice Sensitivity can be equivalently described by these four perspectives, whether measurement instruments have invariant psychometric properties, and whether the psychological relevance of the Justice Sensitivity perspectives for cooperation behavior differs between these cultural contexts. The results of multigroup confirmatory factor analyses support weak measurement invariance and invariant associations between Justice Sensitivity perspectives and trust game decisions. Across cultures, victim sensitivity predicted reluctance to cooperate under threat of exploitation, and observer, beneficiary, and perpetrator sensitivities predicted cooperation under temptation. Our study extends insight into Justice Sensitivity to underresearched cultural contexts of urban and rural Philippines.
Application of ANN for Fault Detection in Overhead Transport Systems for Semiconductor Fab

In order to ensure safe and fast transportation of wafers in 300 mm semiconductor factories, overhead transport systems (OHT) are primarily used. These systems consist of a rail network and vehicles. To avoid congestion and delays in production, high availability of individual rail sections is essential. In order to ensure this extensive preventive maintenance is required. In this paper, we focus on automatic checks for faults of the rail network by capturing the rail with optical sensors. Our objective is the identification of faults in real time. We considered the identification using artificial neural networks (ANN). Due to the lack of fixed rules designing an ANN we tested different topologies for our application and covered adaptation of ANN to the real conditions in the fab. As a result, our ANN provides accurate real time fault detection which allows a needs-based, resource-saving and efficient maintenance procedure for a reliable OHT and hence 24/7 semiconductor manufacturing.
Influence of dicumyl peroxide and Type I and II co-agents on cross-linking and physical–mechanical properties of rubber compounds based on NBR

The aim of the work was the investigation of the effect of dicumyl peroxide and different types of co-agents on cross-linking and physical–mechanical properties of vulcanisates based on acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber. First, dicumyl peroxide was applied for cross-linking at different curing temperatures. Based on the achieved results, the optimum temperature and peroxide concentration was chosen for the next experiments, in which organic peroxide was combined with various Type I and Type II co-agents. The results revealed that Type I co-agents take active part in vulcanisation process as they contribute to the increase in cross-link density of vulcanisates. This was reflected in the increase in modulus and hardness and the decrease in elongation at break of vulcanisates. The tensile strength was also improved by the application of Type I co-agents. On the other hand, the decrease in cross-link density and deterioration of physical–mechanical properties was recorded by application of Type II co-agents.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF FINE MOTOR AND VISUAL MOTOR SKILLS OF CHILDREN 4-5 YEARS OLD TO GET READY WRITE

The objective of this research is to describe: (1) the process development of fine motor and visual motor skills of children 4-5 years old, (2) the learning media applied development of fine motor and visual motor skills, (3) the learning method applied development of fine motor and visual motor skills of children 4-5 years old, (4) the learning evaluative applied development of fine motor and visual motor skills of children 4-5 years old to get ready write. The research is implemented at TK A “Plus” Insan Sejati, Cibinong West Java. This study is naturalistic qualitative deskriptive. The process of the research follows the Spradley’s advance stages which consists of collecting data by applying observation, interview, and documentation. Data analysis consists of domain analysis, taxonomi analysis, component analysis, and theme analysis. The result of the study show that: (1) the learning activities on the development fine motor and visual motor skills to get ready write are carried out by defference activities applied in each learning process, (2) learning strategy applied by the theacher are: defferent method, media and evaluation. Keywords: Early childhood, Development motor skills, Visual motor skills. ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk (1) memahami proses perkembangan keterampilan motorik halus dan visual motorik usia 4-5 tahun, (2) menemukan media yang digunakan dalam pengembangan keterampilan motoirk halus dan visual motorik dalam menyiapkan menulis, (3) mengetahui aplikasi metode yang digunakan dalam upaya pengembangan keterampilan motorik halus dan visual motorik usia 4-5 tahun, dan (4) penggunaan evaluasi dalam mengembangkan keterampilan motorik halus dan visual motorik usia 4-5 atahun dalam menyiiapkan menulis. Penelitian ini di laksanakan di TK A ”Plus” Insan Sejati Cibinong dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif naturalistik. Proses penelitian ini mengikuti alur maju bertahap dari Spradley, proses pengumpulan data meliputi: analisis domain, analisis taksonomi, analisis komponen, dan analisis tema. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) pembelajaran dalam pengembangan keterampilan motorik halus dan visual motorik dalam menyiapkan menulis dilakukan melalui kegiatan-kegiatan yang beragam yang dilakukan pada setiap proses pembelajaran, (2) strategi pembelajaran yang digunakan meliputi: metode yang bervariasi, media yang disesuaikan dengan jenis kegiatan, dan evaluasi yang dilakukan pada setiap akhir kegiatan
A Novel Relay Node Placement and Energy Efficient Routing Method for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

In heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (HWSN), sensor nodes may fail due to running out of battery power or sudden damage. This causes HWSN being partitioned to a number of separate networks. Relay node placement is to add new relay nodes to partitioned HWSN such that the network recovers to wireless communication. Energy efficient routing in HWSN is useful for prolonging network lifetime and energy conservation. This paper attempts to solve relay node placement and energy efficient routing problems for HWSN. Both problems have seldom been studied together in the literature. This paper first constructs a mathematical model for both problems. For relay node placement problem, it is assumed that HWSN contains unreachable area, where sensor nodes could not be placed. For energy efficient routing, it is transformed to path length of wireless communication. As the problem is non-deterministic polynomial (NP) hard, a heuristic method called whale optimizer is used. The paper studies the effect of whale optimizer method with three adaptive schemes. Numerical simulations are done to test the proposed method for HWSN. The analysis and discussion show that the proposed method is useful to address NP hard relay node placement and energy saving problems for HWSN.
Floral nectary morphology and evolution in Pedicularis (Orobanchaceae)

Intricate associations between floral morphology and pollinator foraging behaviour are common. In this context, the presence and form of floral nectaries can play a crucial role in driving floral evolution and diversity in flowering plants. However, the reconstruction of the ancestral state of nectary form is often hampered by a lack of anatomical studies and well-resolved phylogenetic trees. Here, we studied 39 differentially pollinated Pedicularis spp. , a genus with pronounced interspecific variation in colour, shape and size of the corolla. Anatomical and scanning electron microscopy observations revealed two nectary forms [bulged (N=27) or elongated (N=5)] or the absence of nectaries (N=7). In a phylogenetic context, our data suggest that: (1) the bulged nectary should be the ancestral state; (2) nectaries were independently lost in some beaked species; and (3) elongated nectaries evolved independently in some clades of beakless species. Phylogenetic path analysis showed that nectary presence is indirectly correlated with beak length/pollinator behaviour through an intermediate factor, nectar production. No significant correlation was found between nectary type and nectar production, beak length or pollinator behaviour. Some beaked species had nectary structures, although they did not produce nectar. The nectary in beaked species may be a vestigial structure retained during a recent rapid radiation of Pedicularis, especially in the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains of south-western China. (c) 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 178, 592-607.
Histomorphology of Parotid Salivary Gland in Sheep (Ovis aries)

Histomorphology of parotid salivary gland was conducted in different prenatal age groups. In all the age groups, the gland was surrounded by a connective tissue capsule that radiated to form septae which divided the glandular parenchyma into many lobes and lobules. The connective tissue had dense collagen, reticular and few elastic fibres alongwith large blood vessels and nerves. The parotid salivary gland was characterised by purely serous acini having 4 to 6 pyramidal cells with distinct lumen.
MICRORNAs ARE ABSORBED IN BIOLOGICALLY MEANINGFUL AMOUNTS FROM NUTRITIONALLY RELEVANT DOSES OF COW’S MILK AND CHICKEN EGGS AND AFFECT GENE EXPRESSION IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS, CELL CULTURES, AND MOUSE LIVERS

1 MicroRNAs (miRs, miRNAs) play central roles in gene regulation. Previously, we 2 reported that miRNAs from pasteurized, store-bought bovine milk have biological 3 activity in humans. Here we assessed the effects of milk processing, storage, somatic cell 4 content, and handling by consumers on the degradation of miRNAs in milk; we also 5 quantified miRNAs in dairy products. Pasteurization and homogenization caused a 63% 6 loss of miR-200c, whereas a 67% loss observed for miR-29b was statistically significant 7 only in skim milk. Effects of cold storage and somatic cell content were quantitatively 8 minor (<2% loss). Heating in the microwave caused a 40% loss of miR-29b but no loss of 9 miR-200c. Milk fat content had no effect on miRNA stability during storage and 10 microwave heating. The concentrations of miRNAs in dairy products were considerably 11 lower than in store-bought milk. We conclude that processing of milk by dairies and 12 handling by consumers causes a significant loss of miRNAs. 13 14
Contrasting population genetic structure of two sympatric species of Anthurium (Araceae) along elevation in an Andean mountain forest

The topography of the tropical Andean forest is steep, resulting in physical conditions that change with the elevation, thus driving a high turnover of insect pollinator species over short distances, which may lead to localized gene dispersal, promoting genetic divergence between plant populations distributed along the elevation gradient. In this study, we characterized the population genetic structure of Anthurium caucanum and A. panduriforme, two closely related species that coexist along the elevation gradient in the Andean forest but differ in inflorescence size and abundance of flower visitors. The sampling of both species covered seven elevation bands, from 2,200 to 2,900 MASL. Five microsatellite loci were used to genotype the sampled individuals. Our results indicated that heterozygosity was high for both species. Genotypic richness was significantly lower for A. caucanum (G/N = 0.45) compared with A. panduriforme (G/N = 0.88), while population differentiation was strong for A. caucanum (Fst = 0.23) but low for A. panduriforme (Fst = 0.03). Assignment analysis suggested a low rate of immigration events for A. caucanum populations and a high gene flow between A. panduriforme populations. Based on the seed production of bagged inflorescences, A. caucanum demonstrated the ability to self‐pollinate, while A. panduriforme was considered self‐incompatible. In addition, genotypic richness decreased with elevation for A. caucanum. In summary, the contrasting population genetic structure of the two Anthurium species along the elevation gradient appear to be the result of different gene flow rates, mating systems, and life‐history traits, such as clonal growth, flowering phenology, and density.
Simulation of hepatic arteries and synthesis of 2D fluoroscopic Images for interventional imaging studies

Training of deep learning-based segmentation algorithms requires large datasets of annotated images. Obtaining large clinical datasets, particularly for interventional imaging, is difficult and annotating vessels manually in the images is very time-consuming. Simulated images can be used to supplement clinical datasets. We developed a technique for the simulation of realistic, anatomically- and physiologically-motivated hepatic artery trees and subsequent synthesis of fluoroscopic images. The proposed approach creates a network of main feeding arteries for each of the eight liver segments as defined by the Couinaud classification system. A constrained constructive optimization based approach was then used to connect a set of randomly generated endpoints within each segment to the corresponding feeding artery. Vessel curvature was created using cubic splines and the generated vasculature was inserted into the digital XCAT phantom. The simulated 2D fluoroscopic images were generated using ray tracing and included focal spot blur, detector blur and Poisson noise. The length ratio (1.1 ± 1.7) and two parameters from Murray’s law, branching angles (7.9 ± 7.7𝑜 mean absolute difference from Murray’s law) and radius ratio (1.0 ± 0.1) of the generated vasculature were in accordance with values reported in literature (1.3, Murray’s law applied to branching angles, and 1.0 respectively). Simulated vasculature included main branches for each of the eight Couinaud segments, where 87% of all connected endpoints terminated in the same segment. Simulated 2D projection images were analyzed using a vessel phantom study with contrast-enhanced tubes (0.305-3.353 mm diameter). The normalized root mean squared difference between the measured and simulated vessel profiles averaged 3.5%. In conclusion, the proposed method provides realistic simulated fluoroscopic images of the liver vasculature and could prove useful for the training of machine learning based algorithms for vessel segmentation.