Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Administrative Characteristics and Residential Types on Income Capitalization Rates in Taipei, Taiwan

This paper examines several factors that impact income capitalization rates, and applies the hierarchical linear model as an analytical method. The empirical results suggest that: (1) the average income capitalization rates in different administrative areas of Taipei vary widely; (2) differences in attributes and types of residential properties have a significant impact on income capitalization rates; (3) the influence coefficients in different administrative areas show significant variation; (4) population density has a significantly negative impact on an income capitalization rate and (5) the proportion of commercial property in a given district has a significantly positive impact on income capitalization rate.
Detection and Counter Measure of AL-Ddos Attacksin Web Traffic

Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) assaults are a developing danger crosswise over Internet, disturbing access to Information and administrations. Presently days, these assaults are focusing on the application layer. Aggressors are utilizing systems that are exceptionally hard to recognize and relieve. In this task propose another technique to recognize AL-DDoS assaults. This work separates itself from past techniques by considering AL-DDoS assault location in overwhelming spine activity. In addition, the identification of AL-DDoS assaults is effectively deceived by glimmer group movement. By analyzing the entropy of AL-DDoS assaults and glimmer swarms, these model output be utilized to perceive the genuine AL-DDoS assaults. With a quick AL-DDoS identification speed, the channel is equipped for letting the real demands through yet the assault movement is
Lymphoglandular complexes in the large intestine of the dog.

In the human intestine there are many lymphoid cell aggregates located in the submucous layer. Some extend to a varying degree into the adjacent mucous membrane, and large lymphoid aggregates, for example Peyer's patches, often envelop mucosal glands and extend as far as surface epithelium (Patzelt, 1936). Similar relationships have been reported in many other mammalian species (Oppel, 1897). An even more intimate association of lymphoid tissue and intestinal epithelium occurs in some species in which intestinal glands in localized regions penetrate the muscularis mucosae and expand and branch within submucosal lymphoid nodules (Hebel, 1960); in the Australian echidna such complexes were referred to by Schofield & Cahill (1969) as lymphoepithelial glands. We report here the presence of similar complexes in the intestine of the dog, a species well suited for immunohistochemical, developmental, and morphologic investigations.
Catching the Rebound: Economy-Wide Implications of an Efficiency Shock in the Provision of Transport Services by Households

We investigate the rebound effect of a 10% energy cefficiency improvement in the provision of private transport services by German households. In the process, we take into account that household behaviour may be influenced by habits, build on a detailed representation of the provision of private transport services, and disentangle the direct and indirect rebound effect. Our analysis shows that rebound has the potential to significantly reduce the expected energy savings of an energy efficiency improvement at households. In particular if households have a flexible demand structure, rebound can erode large parts of efficiency increases. Household habits have an initial detrimental effect on rebound. They limit the ability of households to adapt to changes in the prevailing price and income system and therewith temporally block parts of the channels that lead to rebound. In the long run, however, if habits are formed on the basis of historic consumption, habits do not affect rebound. In isolation, the direct and indirect rebound effect of the efficiency shock are positive, but direct rebound is much stronger.
Injection laryngoplasty as miniinvasive office-based surgery in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis – voice quality outcomes

Introduction Injection laryngoplasty (glottis augmentation) is the preferred method in surgical management of unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP). Traditionally, these procedures are performed in the operating room. Nowadays, however, these procedures have moved into the office. Aim To evaluate the voice quality after transoral injection laryngoplasty under local anaesthesia in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Material and methods Fourteen subjects (5 women and 9 men) with unilateral vocal fold paresis (9 with right vocal fold paresis and 5 with left vocal fold paresis) were included in the study. The mean age of the group was 57.8 ±19.0 years (32–83 years). All of the injection laryngoplasties were performed transorally, under local anaesthesia. The injection material was calcium hydroxylapatite. Before and 1, 3 and 6 months after the procedure the following variables were evaluated: voice perception, videostroboscopy, acoustic analysis, aerodynamic evaluation, and the subjective rating of the voice quality by the patient. Results After injection laryngoplasty, complete glottal closure was achieved or there was a significant improvement in the glottal closure of each subject. We noted great improvement in the post-injection objective and subjective voice outcomes and patients reported improvement in the voice-related quality of life. Conclusions The transoral approach for injection laryngoplasty under local anaesthesia is an effective and safe way to treat incomplete glottal closure in patients with UVFP. The transoral approach is an efficient alternative to other surgical techniques used for vocal fold injection.
Generations Exercising Together to Improve Fitness (GET FIT): A Pilot Study Designed to Increase Physical Activity and Improve Health-Related Fitness in Three Generations of Women

ABSTRACT A 6-month home-based (HB) physical activity program was compared to a control (CTL) condition in terms of effect on physical activity and health-related fitness in three generations of women (daughter/mother/maternal grandmother). Volunteers were randomly assigned to a HB or CTL condition. HB participants (n = 28) were asked to participate in lifestyle, aerobic, muscular strength, and flexibility activities at least 3 times per week and they completed 73% of the recommended PA bouts. CTL condition participants (n = 9) were asked to continue their usual pattern of physical activity. Changes in physical activity were measured pre- and post-intervention using the Physical Best questionnaire and pedometer step counts (3-day average). Changes in health-related fitness were assessed using Fitnessgram tests. Group × Time interactions were significant for changes in participation in flexibility activity (d/wk) and steps/day, indicating that the HB group experienced significant positive changes in the expected direction (+305% and +37%, respectively), while the CTL group regressed (−15% and −13%, respectively). The G × T interaction for mile time was significant, although not in the expected direction (CTL group < by 14% and HB group < by 5%). Findings should be interpreted with caution due to several limitations of the study, but several suggestions are made for more effectively studying this topic in the future.
Performance of Amplify-and-Forward Cooperative Communications with the N^{th} Best-Relay Selection Scheme over Nakagami-m Fading Channels

This letter derives the asymptotic symbol error rate (SER) of amplify-and-forward (AF) cooperative communications with the Nth best-relay scheme over independent and non-identical Nakagami-m fading channels. The diversity gain has been analyzed and examined as well. Simulation and numerical evaluation show the tightness of such an approximation in the high SNR regions and the accuracy of our theoretical analysis.
A Survey of the Economics of Fair Trade

Fair Trade has spread in developing countries as an initiative aimed at lifting poor smallholder farmers out of poverty by providing them with premium prices, availability of credit, and improved community development and social goods. Fair Trade is also viewed as a niche market for high value products in a context of globalization and trade liberalization policies that affect smallholder farmers in developing countries. The question of whether Fair Trade affects the welfare of rural farmers, however, is particularly contentious. This paper provides a review of the Fair Trade literature, both theoretical and empirical, with a specific focus on the analysis of small-scale producer's welfare in developing countries. Our review shows that while most empirical papers have focused on the impacts of Fair Trade on prices and income, our review highlights the importance of limited market access and changes in productivity. Likewise, little is known about the impacts of Fair Trade on labor markets and human capital investments. Persistent methodological challenges make it challenging, however, to assess the causal impact of this certification and labelling initiative.
Cerebral oximetry in cardiac and major vascular surgery

We describe the development and current applications of cerebral oximetry (based on near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy) that can be used during cardiac and major vascular surgery to determined brain tissue oxygen saturation. There are presently three cerebral oximetry devices with FDA approval in the United States to measure and monitor cerebral tissue oxygen saturation. 1. INVOS (Somanetics Corporation, Troy, MI - recently COVIDIEN, Boulder, CO); FORE-SIGHT (CAS Medical Systems, Inc. Branford, CT); EQUANOX (Nonin Medical Inc.Minnesota, MN). All devices are portable, non-invasive and easy to use in operating room and intensive care unit. The data provided in these communication may provided information for improvement of perioperative neuromonitoring techniques, and may be crucial in the design of future clinical trials.
Sodium tungstate (Na2WO4) exposure increases apoptosis in human peripheral blood lymphocytes

The potential for adverse health effects of using tungsten and its alloys in military munitions are an important concern to both civilians and the US military. The toxicological implications of exposure to tungsten, its alloys, and the soluble tungstate (Na2WO4) are currently under investigation. To examine tungstate toxicity, a series of experiments to determine its in vitro effects on cells of the immune system were performed. We identified alterations in isolated human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) treated in vitro with sodium tungstate (0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 10 mM). Analyses of apoptosis with annexin V and propidium iodide revealed a dose- and time-dependent increase in the quantity of cells in early apoptosis after tungstate exposure. Reductions in the number of cells entering into the cell cycle were also noted. Exposure of PBL to tungstate (1 mM) and Concanavalin A (ConA) for 72 h reduced the number of cells in S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. There were alterations in the numbers of cells in G0/G1, S, and G2/M phases of the cell cycle in long-term THP-1 (acute leukemic monocytes) cultures treated with tungstate (0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 10 mM). Gel electrophoresis, silver staining, and LC-MS/MS showed the cytoplasmic presence of histone H1b and H1d after 72 h of tungstate exposure. The addition of tungstate to cultures resulted in significant reductions in the quantity of interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-6 produced by stimulated [CD3/CD28, ConA, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] and tungstate-treated lymphocytes. Taken together, these data indicate that tungstate increases apoptosis of PBL, alters cell cycle progression, reduces cytokine production, and therefore warrants further investigation.
Novel therapeutic targets in Helicobacter pylori

The failure of current regimens to treat the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori is a growing problem. Responsible for gastritis and peptic ulcer disease, and designated as a Class 1 carcinogen, its presence in up to 90% of the population of the developing world makes its treatment a primary concern. The use of genomic, proteomic and transcriptomic data to determine essential gene products as targets for novel therapeutic agents is of key interest in this research. This review describes how such data can be obtained, evaluated and eventually used as a basis for the development of both vaccine and novel anti-helicobacter agents. It indicates both past successes and possible new avenues to exploit the increased availability of such data, whilst also examining the limitations of such approaches.
Molecular Characterization of Clinical Isolates of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Resistant to the Protease Inhibitor Darunavir

ABSTRACT Darunavir is the most recently approved human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease (PR) inhibitor (PI) and is active against many HIV type 1 PR variants resistant to earlier-generation PIs. Darunavir shows a high genetic barrier to resistance development, and virus strains with lower sensitivity to darunavir have a higher number of PI resistance-associated mutations than viruses resistant to other PIs. In this work, we have enzymologically and structurally characterized a number of highly mutated clinically derived PRs with high levels of phenotypic resistance to darunavir. With 18 to 21 amino acid residue changes, the PR variants studied in this work are the most highly mutated HIV PR species ever studied by means of enzyme kinetics and X-ray crystallography. The recombinant proteins showed major defects in substrate binding, while the substrate turnover was less affected. Remarkably, the overall catalytic efficiency of the recombinant PRs (5% that of the wild-type enzyme) is still sufficient to support polyprotein processing and particle maturation in the corresponding viruses. The X-ray structures of drug-resistant PRs complexed with darunavir suggest that the impaired inhibitor binding could be explained by change in the PR-inhibitor hydrogen bond pattern in the P2′ binding pocket due to a substantial shift of the aminophenyl moiety of the inhibitor. Recombinant virus phenotypic characterization, enzyme kinetics, and X-ray structural analysis thus help to explain darunavir resistance development in HIV-positive patients.
Provable Security in Practice: Analysis of SSH and CBC mode with Padding

This thesis illustrates and examines the gap that exists between theoretical and practical cryptography. Provable security is a useful tool which allows cryptographers to perform formal security analyses within a strict mathematical framework. Unfortunately, the formal modelling of provable security sometimes fails to match how particular schemes or protocols are implemented in real life. We examine how certain types of attack are not covered by the current techniques and show how this can be remedied by expanding existing security models to capture a much wider array of attacks. We begin by studying padding oracle attacks, a powerful class of side-channel, plaintext-recovering attacks introduced by Vaudenay. These attacks have been shown to work in practice against CBC mode when it is implemented in certain ways. In particular, padding oracle attacks have been demonstrated for certain implementations of SSL/TLS and IPsec. We develop new security models and proofs of security for CBC mode (with padding). These models show how to select padding schemes and in what order to combine CBC mode encryption, padding and authentication to provably provide a strong notion of security incorporating padding oracle attacks. Next we study the secure network protocol SSH. The first formal security analysis of the SSH Binary Packet Protocol (BPP) was performed by Bellare, Kohno and Namprempre. We present new plaintext-recovery attacks against the SSH BPP which partially invalidate this work. By examining why a combination of flaws in the basic design of SSH leads implementations such as OpenSSH to be open to our attacks, we are able to determine what features are missing from Bellare et al.’s original provable security analysis for SSH. Using this knowledge we define new security models that accurately capture the capabilities of real-world attackers, as well as security-relevant features of the SSH specifications and the OpenSSH implementation of SSH. Our new models then give us the ability to prove that SSH using counter mode encryption is secure against a much wider array of attacks, including our plaintext-recovery attacks. We conclude with further discussion of why the gap between theory and practice exists and suggest other ways of narrowing the gap.
History, evolution and perspect ives of timed artificial in semination programs in Brazil

Currently, timed artificial insemination (TAI) can be applied routinely in the reproductive programs on farms. TAI protocols are designed to promote control of both luteal and follicular function, permitting the TAI with satisfactory pregnancy per AI (P/AI). A variety of protocols for TAI have been designed according to specific characteristics and requirements of different breeds, animal categories and types of management. The most common of these therapies use GnRH or estradiol plus progesterone/progestin (P4)-releasing devices and prostaglandin F2α. Moreover, TAI programs should be considered as an important tool of reproductive management to enhance the reproductive performance of cattle. Thus, the correct incorporation of these programs within the farm routine enhances reproductive efficiency of livestock to increase overall productivity of the farm unit.
PCR-BASED RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM FOR SUBTYPING OF SALMONELLA FROM CHICKEN ISOLATES

Genotypic diversity in two flagellin genes, fliC and fljB, encoding phase-1 and phase-2 flagellin of Salmonella enterica, offers a potential biomarker for Salmonella subtyping. Forty-seven Salmonella isolates of 20 different serovars derived from chicken samples in Thailand were studied using the fliC/ fljB PCR-based RFLP assay. With two restriction endonucleases, MboI and HhaI, the fliC showed 11 and 9 patterns, while the fljB showed 6 and 7 patterns respectively. Though the PCR-based RFLP test cannot replace serotyping, the assay is based on the flagellin genes encoding proteins on the bacterial surface that are related to serotyping scheme. Overall, the assay was reproducible and successfully applied to simply screen Salmonella serovars as an alternative subtyping test for rapid traceability of Salmonella contamination in chicken production.
Andrographolide inhibits HMGB1‐induced inflammatory responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and in murine polymicrobial sepsis

Nuclear DNA‐binding protein high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein acts as a late mediator of severe vascular inflammatory conditions, such as septic shock, upregulating pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Andrographolide (AG) is isolated from the plant of Andrographis paniculata and used as a folk medicine for treatment of viral infection, diarrhoea, dysentery and fever. However, the effect of AG on HMGB1‐induced inflammatory response has not been studied.
Robust Event-Triggered Output Feedback Learning Algorithm for Unknown Voltage Source Inverters

We consider the output feedback event-triggered control of an off-grid voltage source inverter (VSI) with unknown L ́ C filter dynamics and connected load in the presence of an input disturbance acting at the plant. Due to uncertain dynamics and unmodelled parameters in the L ́ C filter connected to the VSI, we use an adaptive observer to reconstruct the system’s states. The control mechanism is constructed based on an impulsive actor/critic framework that approximates the cost, the eventtriggered controller and the worst case disturbance and generates the desired AC output with the least energy dissipation. We provide rigorous stability proofs and illustrate the applicability of our results through an example.
Myeloperoxidase-mediated iodination in granulocytes.

The kinetics of the granulocyte iodination of phagocytized yeast cells was studied. The data obtained fitted an enzymatic reaction and the inhibition with specific antiserum indicated that the granulocyte iodination was mediated by the action of myeloperoxidase. Purified myeloperoxidase from the cytoplasmic granules of leukaemic myeloid cells was obtained by gel chromatography and ion exchange chromatography of the granule extract. Electrophoresis after treatment of the protein with dodecyl sulfate indicated a subunit structure. The myeloperoxidase formed spectrally characteristic complexes with hydrogen peroxide and also with iodide and it was shown to catalyze the iodination of yeast cells when a continous supply of hydrogen peroxide was formed by the addition of glucose oxidase. Since the myeloperoxidase mediated iodination of microorganisms in granulocytes is dependent on prior uptake of the microorganism, formation of the phagocytic vacuole, degranulation, hydrogen peroxide formation and finally oxidation of the iodide by the myeloperoxidase-H2O2 complex it should be useful for detection of defects in the phagocytosis process.
What Do Cost Functions Tell Us About the Cost of an Adequate Education?

Econometric cost functions have begun to appear in education adequacy cases with greater frequency. Cost functions are superficially attractive because they give the impression of objectivity, holding out the promise of scientifically estimating the cost of achieving specified levels of performance from actual data on spending. By contrast, the opinions of educators form the basis of the most common approach to estimating the cost of adequacy, the professional judgment method. The problem is that education cost functions do not in fact tell us the cost of achieving any specified level of performance. Instead, they provide estimates of average spending for districts of given characteristics and current performance. It is a huge and unwarranted stretch to go from this interpretation of regression results to the claim that they provide estimates of the minimum cost of achieving current performance levels, and it is even more problematic to extrapolate the cost of achieving at higher levels. In this article we review the cost-function technique and provide evidence that draws into question the usefulness of the cost-function approach for estimating the cost of an adequate education.