Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geographic pattern of genetic variation in Pinus resinosa: area of greatest diversity is not the origin of postglacial populations

Genetic diversity is low in natural populations of red pine, Pinus resinosa, a species that has a vast range across north‐eastern North America. In this study, we examined 10 chloroplast microsatellite or simple sequence repeats (cpSSR) loci in 136 individuals from 10 widespread populations. Substantial variation for the cpSSR loci was observed in the study populations. The contrast with red pine’s lack of variation for other types of loci is likely to be due to the higher mutation rates typical of SSR loci. The amount of variation is lower than that generally found for cpSSR loci in other pine species. In addition, the variation exhibits a striking geographical pattern. Most of the genetic diversity is among populations, with little within populations, indicating substantial isolation of and genetic drift within many populations in the southern half of the species distribution. The greatest diversity now occurs in the north‐eastern part of New England, which is especially intriguing because this entire area was glaciated. Thus the centre of diversity cannot be the origin of postglacial populations, rather it is likely caused by admixture, most probably because of influences from two separate refugia. Furthermore, the pattern indicates that the spread of red pine since the last glaciation is rather more complex than usually described, and it likely includes more than one refugia, complex migration routes, and postglacial‐retreat isolation and genetic drift among shrinking populations in regions of the present southern range.
New Benzohydrazide Derivative as Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in a 1.0 M HCl Solution: Electrochemical, DFT and Monte Carlo Simulation Studies

The present study aimed to evaluate the inhibition effect of an organic compound, namely, (E -N'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene) isonicotinohydrazide (BIH), for carbon steel corrosion in a 1.0 M HCl solution, by using weight loss (WL), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Results show that BIH is a good inhibitor, and the percentage of inhibition efficiency increases on its higher concentrations. The maximum inhibition efficiency of 94% was obtained at 5×10-3 M. Polarization studies revealed that the BIH compound acts as a mixed type inhibitor. EIS showed that increasing the concentration of the inhibitor led to an increase in the charge transfer resistance and a decrease in the double layer capacitance. It was found that the adsorption of this compound obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The associated activation energies and thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption process were evaluated and discussed. The temperature effect was studied in the range from 303 to 333 K. In addition, quantum chemical calculations based on the density function theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo simulations were done to support the experimental results.
QAP-based Simulation-Extractable SNARK with a Single Verification

The pairing-based simulation-extractable succinct non-interactive arguments of knowledge (SE-SNARKs) are attractive since they enable a prover to generate a proof with the knowledge of the witness to an instance in a manner which is succinct - proofs are short and the ver-iﬁer’s computation is small, zero-knowledge - proofs do not reveal the witness, and simulation-extractable - it is only possible to prove instances to which a witness is known although a number of simulated proofs are provided. The state-of-the-art pairing-based SE-SNARK is based on a square arithmetic program (SAP), instead of a more generalized quadratic arithmetic program (QAP). In order to add simulation extractability, the SE-SNARK requires to verify an additional equation compared to the state-of-the-art SNARKs. In this paper, we propose a QAP-based SE-SNARK which consists of only 3 group elements for a QAP circuit and a single veriﬁcation equation in asymmetric groups (Type III pairing). The proposed scheme is secure under concrete intractability assumptions in the random oracle model. Moreover, we propose a scheme with two elements as a proof and a single verifying equation, based on SAP in a symmetric group (Type I pairing).
Mining a large Chinese-English corpus from web

Bilingual parallel corpora provide rich source of translate information for tasks such as cross-language information retrieval and data-driven machine translation systems. However, they are often scarce resources: limited in size, language coverage and language register. Researchers have to struggle to transfer and adapt the available technologies because only some small scale corpora are suitable. In this paper we introduce a large parallel corpus of Chinese and English constructed by crawling and processing bilingual web documents from Internet. It currently contains about 300,000 parallel sentence pairs. The tools and methodology used in this collection project are also described. In a cross-language retrieval task we experimented with this self-constructed corpus to improve the quality of query translation, so as to achieve better retrieval performance.
Banknote portrait detection using convolutional neural network

Banknotes generally have different designs according to their denominations. Thus, if characteristics of each design can be recognized, they can be used for sorting banknotes according to denominations. Portrait in banknotes is one such characteristic that can be used for classification. A sorting system for banknotes can be designed that recognizes portraits in each banknote and sort it accordingly. In this paper, our aim is to automate the configuration of such a sorting system by automatically detect portraits in sample banknotes, so that it can be quickly deployed in a new target country. We use Convolutional Neural Networks to detect portraits in completely new set of banknotes robust to variation in the ways they are shown, such as the size and the orientation of the face.
Sex differences in young adulthood metabolic syndrome and physical activity: The Fels longitudinal study

Objective. To evaluate the effects of habitual physical activity (PA) on the metabolic syndrome (MS) in young adult men and women. Research methods and procedures. Cross‐sectional PA data were utilized from 249 women and 237 men, aged 18–40 years in the Fels Longitudinal Study. MS components—abdominal circumference (AC), triglycerides (TG), HDL, blood pressure (BP), and fasting glucose (FG)—were dichotomized according to the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III revised criteria. Leisure, sport, work, and total PA scores were calculated using the Baecke Questionnaire of Habitual Physical Activity. Multiple logistic regression modeling assessed the effects of PA, age, smoking, and BMI on MS status. Results. 26.9% of men and 19.3% of women had MS. For men, MS risk was reduced with increases in both total PA [OR = 0.65 (95% CI: 0.47, 0.90)] and sport PA [OR = 0.40 (95% CI: 0.23, 0.70)]. AC, TG, and HDL values also improved with total and sport PA. Among women, the risk for MS was marginally reduced by total PA [OR = 0.72 (95% CI: 0.50, 1.02)] and HDL levels were increased by both total PA [OR = 0.79 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.98)] and sport PA [OR = 0.54 (95% CI: 0.35, 0.84)]. Discussion. Increased total and sport PA reduces risk for the MS in young men, though not as clearly in young women. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 19:544–550, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Broad Niche Overlap between Invasive Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and Indigenous Congenerics in Southern Africa: Should We be Concerned?

This study developed niche models for the native ranges of Oreochromis andersonii, O. mortimeri, and O. mossambicus, and assessed how much of their range is climatically suitable for the establishment of O. niloticus, and then reviewed the conservation implications for indigenous congenerics as a result of overlap with O. niloticus based on documented congeneric interactions. The predicted potential geographical range of O. niloticus reveals a broad climatic suitability over most of southern Africa and overlaps with all the endemic congenerics. This is of major conservation concern because six of the eight river systems predicted to be suitable for O. niloticus have already been invaded and now support established populations. Oreochromis niloticus has been implicated in reducing the abundance of indigenous species through competitive exclusion and hybridisation. Despite these well-documented adverse ecological effects, O. niloticus remains one of the most widely cultured and propagated fish species in aquaculture and stock enhancements in the southern Africa sub-region. Aquaculture is perceived as a means of protein security, poverty alleviation, and economic development and, as such, any future decisions on its introduction will be based on the trade-off between socio-economic benefits and potential adverse ecological effects.
Tapia : U : Your Story Recorded in a Magnet : Micromagnetic Simulations of Spin-Orbit Torque in Multi-layer Structures

The aim of this work is to address one of the challenges in computing: the need for novel energyefficient non-volatile memory devices which have the potential of drastically reducing power consumption by computers, mobile, wearable and embedded electronics. Such memory devices would require zero power to maintain their state and have the ability to start up processes instantaneously. In this micromagnetic simulation study, we demonstrate switching (write-operation) of a magnetic memory unit with Spin-Orbit Torque, not requiring external magnetic field. We propose a novel multi-layer stack which is comprised of a Synthetic Antiferromagnet (SAF) and an antiferromagnetic underlayer (AFM). Efficient field-free magnetization reversal is propelled by the competing exchange fields and spin torques. In addition, we perform an optimization analysis of the parameter space required for deterministic switching. Our simulation results provide a promising approach for developing efficient and stable switching schemes and designing actual devices for future spintronic applications.
Inter-task communication and synchronization in the hard real-time compact kernel HARETICK

HARETICK is a hard real-time compact operating kernel designed specifically to support critical applications on DSP and embedded platforms including intelligent sensor networks and robotic environments. It provides operating support for both hard real-time and soft/non real-time tasks. The hard real-time task execution context is based on non-preemptive mechanisms. This paper focuses on the inter-task communication and synchronization techniques involving the two types of tasks previously mentioned. As a case study, a highly predictable synchronous serial communication (i.e., SPI) interface implemented on an ARM7-based HARETICK platform, is presented and discussed, along with some of the most interesting experimental results.
Release kinetics, quantal parameters and their modulation during short‐term depression at a developing synapse in the rat CNS

We have characterized developmental changes in the kinetics and quantal parameters of action potential (AP)‐evoked neurotransmitter release during maturation of the calyx of Held synapse. Quantal size (q) and peak amplitudes of evoked EPSCs increased moderately, whereas the fraction of vesicles released by single APs decreased. During synaptic depression induced in postnatal day (P) 5–7 synapses by 10–100 Hz stimulation, q declined rapidly to 40–12% of its initial value. The decrease in q was generally smaller in more mature synapses (P12–14), but quite severe for frequencies ≥ 300 Hz. The stronger decline of q in immature synapses resulted from a slower recovery from desensitization, presumably due to delayed glutamate clearance. Recovery from this desensitization followed an exponential time course with a time constant of ∼480 ms in P5–7 synapses, and sped up > 20‐fold during maturation. Deconvolution analysis of EPSCs revealed a significant acceleration of the release time course during development, which was accompanied by a 2‐fold increase of the peak release rate. During long 100 Hz trains, more mature synapses were able to sustain average rates of 8–10 quanta s−1 per active zone for phasic release. The rates of asynchronous vesicle release increased transiently > 35‐fold immediately after such stimuli and decayed rapidly with an exponential time constant of ∼50 ms to low resting levels of spontaneous release. However, even following extended periods of 100 Hz stimulation, the amount of asynchronous release was relatively minor with peak rates of less than 5% of the average rate of synchronous release measured at steady state during the tetani. Therefore, a multitude of mechanisms seems to converge on the generation of fast, temporally precise and reliable high‐frequency transmission at the mature calyx of Held synapse.
Working Paper Validation of Agent-Based Models in Economics and Finance

Since the influential survey by Windrum et al. (2007), research on empirical validation of agent-based models in economics has made substantial advances, thanks to a constant flow of high-quality contributions. This Chapter attempts to take stock of such recent literature to offer an updated critical review of existing validation techniques. We sketch a simple theoretical framework that conceptualizes existing validation approaches, which we discuss along three different dimensions: (i) comparison between artificial and real-world data; (ii) calibration and estimation of model parameters; and (iii) parameter space exploration. JEL codes: C15, C52, C63
Outline of the mathematical , physical and chemical discoveries of Prof . Ruggero

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. The future and security of the United States of America crucially depends on the development of basically new technologies which, in turn, requires the development of basically new quantitative sciences. In this presentation, we indicate the historical successes as well as the limitations of 20th century sciences, and we outline the New Sciences for a New Era (see the general review [1] and the recent upgrade [2]) which were initiated in the 1970's by the Italian-American scientist, Ruggero M. Santilli [3], TEC Chief Scientist, when he was a Professor at the Department of Physics of Boston University under support from the USAFOSR, then continued when he was in the faculty of the Department of Mathematics of Harvard University under DOE support, and completed under support from U.S. Corporations thanks also to the participation of scientists the world over. We outline the rudiments of the new mathematical, physical and chemical formulations; we outline their experimental verifications in various fields; and we point out basically novel industrial applications under development by Thunder Energies Corporation. To avoid a prohibitive length of the bibliography accumulated in fifty years of research in the new sciences, we only quote originating works and primary independent reviews. An extended summary is available in Ref. [2].
Classification Based on Improved TF-IDF Algorithm

In solving the problem of feature weight calculation for automatic text classification, we use the most widely used TF-IDF algorithm. Although the algorithm is widely used, there is a problem that the feature categories have different weights when calculating the weights. This paper proposes an improved TF-IDF algorithm (TF-IDCRF) that takes into account the relationships between classes to complete the classification of texts. By modifying the calculation formulas of IDF to correct the problem of insufficient classification of feature categories, the naive Bayes classification algorithm is used to complete the classification. Finally, the proposed algorithm is compared with two others improved TFIDF algorithms. The results of the three text classification evaluation indicators show that the proposed algorithm has certain advantages in text classification.
Difference between Human and Machine in Feeling about Similarity of Melodies

In this paper, we report the experimental result of examining the difference of feeling of human and machine to the similarity of melody. First of all, original melodies are divided into 4 groups for each work, and fake melodies similar to original ones are generated by Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Net (DCGAN). At that time, the discriminator of each GAN is learned so as to be able to evaluate the similarity with the work which is not learned. We ask ten subjects to evaluate impressions for melodies generated GANs, and calculate the similarity between melodies. We compare the similarity evaluation by human and that by machine.
OF INTRANASALLY ADMINISTERED MEDICATIONS FOR USE IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT

*Department of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, Kentucky, †Department of Pharmacy, Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, West Virginia, ‡Department of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, and §Department of Pharmacy, St. Claire Regional Medical Center, Morehead, Kentucky Corresponding Address: Abby M. Bailey, PHARMD, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Emergency Medicine, 800 Rose Street, H110, Lexington, KY 40536
Mechanical Implementation of Kinematic Synergy for Continual Grasping Generation of Anthropomorphic Hand

The synergy-based motion generation of current anthropomorphic hands generally employ the static posture synergy, which is extracted from quantities of joint trajectory, to design the mechanism or control strategy. Under this framework, the temporal weight sequences of each synergy from pregrasp phase to grasp phase are required for reproducing any grasping task. Moreover, the zero-offset posture has to be preset before starting any grasp. Thus, the whole grasp phase appears to be unlike natural human grasp. Up until now, no work in the literature addresses these issues toward simplifying the continual grasp by only inputting the grasp pattern. In this paper, the kinematic synergies observed in angular velocity profile are employed to design the motion generation mechanism. The kinematic synergy extracted from quantities of grasp tasks is implemented by the proposed eigen cam group in tendon space. The completely continual grasp from the fully extending posture only require averagely rotating the two eigen cam groups one cycle. The change of grasp pattern only depends on respecifying transmission ratio pair for the two eigen cam groups. An illustrated hand prototype is developed based on the proposed design principle and the grasping experiments demonstrate the feasibility of the design method. The potential applications include the prosthetic hand that is controlled by the classified pattern from the bio-signal.
Towards An Unified Replication Repository for EEG-based Emotion Classification

EEG-based emotion classification is characterized by a sequence of steps, where prepossessing and feature engineering have a preponderant role, given the richness and complexity of the data. This has led to a high number proposed methodologies in recent years. Although positive, this makes it difficult to visualize and compare the state of the art, as each method usually uses its own dataset and evaluation metric and does not provide enough detail (or source code) for replication. In an attempt to formalize the analysis and evaluation methodologies, this paper presents a initial step towards a unified analysis framework. We performed a replication study on two of the most representative approaches for classification and evaluate them using a unique metric on the DEAP dataset. Additionally, as feature extraction represents one of the most heterogeneous and also laborious steps, we propose an alternative based the use of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), with the aim to study if a setting where the model automatically learn to represent the data can be competitive in comparison with manually crafted features. Results of our empirical study show that the replication and comparison is feasible and that CNN based approaches are competitive to traditional signal-based classification.
Smart EV charging system for maximising power delivery from renewable sources

The design of a smart EV charging system that provides maximum power delivery from renewable energy (PV) sources is described, through the application of control strategies which ensure that system power converters are operated in regions of high efficiency. Using the proposed approach, system level models predict power efficiency improvements of up to 6% for a 6.5 kW PV installation with four EV charging points. The implementation of a complete small-scale demonstrator system designed as a test bed for validation and investigation of other smart control algorithms is described, including a PV source, power converters, a smart controller and Li-ion battery loads.
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor Febuxostat: Quality Comparisons and Release Kinetic Profile -

ABSTARCT: In Asian countries pharmaceutical products of same generic may differ in their quality perspectives. Such moieties offer alternative choices in respective health care deliverance setups with uneven pricing. Rationalizations of such products for prescription selection is mainly dependent of drug fate provided by the manufacturer and mostly suffer comparison details of multisource products. Furthermore drug release behavior of oral solid dosage forms also significantly important in determining the batch to batch reliability of such formulations. These studies assures the products excellence by discerning different formulations with comparable therapeutic moieties. In the present study quality assessment of four different brands of febuxostat (Test1  Test4) were carried out using various physico-chemical tests. Results were found to be in adequate limits. Also, dissolution profiles of all brands were determined using phosphate buffer pH 6.8. Data was analyzed by several statistical methods as suggested by FDA such as model  dependent, model  independent and one way ANOVA method. Results of one  way ANOVA indicated no significant difference among the release profiles of reference (Test1) and test brands (Test1  Test4) as P values was found to be 0.997. Similarly, results of f1 and f2 indicated that Test1 was found to be similar with the Test2  Test4. Also all the brands i.e. Test1  Test4 were found to be best fitted in Weibull model.