Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transmission of cultural capital and status attainment : an analysis of development between 15 and 45 years of age

Starting with Bourdieu’s habitus and capital theory, this paper focuses on the question of whether the cultural resources of families and students have an impact on the status attainment process between the ages of 15 and 45. The analysis is based on the LifE survey, which follows up a youth study conducted by Fend et al. between 1979 and 1983. It can be shown by means of a structural equation model that there is a substantial transmission of cultural capital between parents and their children and that students’ cultural resources have an effect on their educational attainment (reproduction effect). Besides this social inheritance, the amount of cultural capital acquired by age 35 also depends on educational attainment. The effect of cultural capital over the life course is limited to the period up to the completion of vocational/professional education.
ROBUST VISION-BASED POSE ESTIMATION ALGORITHM FOR AN UAV WITH KNOWN GRAVITY VECTOR

Accurate estimation of camera external orientation with respect to a known object is one of the central problems in photogrammetry and computer vision. In recent years this problem is gaining an increasing attention in the field of UAV autonomous flight. Such application requires a real-time performance and robustness of the external orientation estimation algorithm. The accuracy of the solution is strongly dependent on the number of reference points visible on the given image. The problem only has an analytical solution if 3 or more reference points are visible. However, in limited visibility conditions it is often needed to perform external orientation with only 2 visible reference points. In such case the solution could be found if the gravity vector direction in the camera coordinate system is known. A number of algorithms for external orientation estimation for the case of 2 known reference points and a gravity vector were developed to date. Most of these algorithms provide analytical solution in the form of polynomial equation that is subject to large errors in the case of complex reference points configurations. This paper is focused on the development of a new computationally effective and robust algorithm for external orientation based on positions of 2 known reference points and a gravity vector. The algorithm implementation for guidance of a Parrot AR.Drone 2.0 micro-UAV is discussed. The experimental evaluation of the algorithm proved its computational efficiency and robustness against errors in reference points positions and complex configurations.
The measurement of self-diffusion coefficients in liquid metals with quasielastic neutron scattering

Quasielastic incoherent neutron scattering (QENS) has proven to be a versatile tool to study self diffusion of atoms in liquid metals. Here it is shown, that coherent contributions to the signal in the smallq limit appear as aflat and energy independent constant to the QENS signal in single-component liquid metals even for systems with a small incoherent scattering cross section, like aluminum. Container-less processing via electromagnetic or electrostatic levitation devices, especially designed for QENS, enables the in-situ measurement on liquid metallic droplets of sizes between 5mm to 10mm in diameter. This gives access to the study of chemically reactive, refractory metallic melts and extends the accessible temperature range to undercoolings of several hundred Kelvin below the respective melting point. Compared to experiments using a thin-walled crucible giving hollow-cylindrical sample geometry it is shown that multiple scattering on levitated droplets is negligible for the analysis of the self-diffusion coefficient. QENS results of liquid germanium and 73 germanium isotope mixtures, titanium, nickel, copper and aluminum are reviewed. The self-diffusion coefficients of these systems are best described by an Arrhenius-type temperature dependence around their respective melting points.
Analysis of Unbalanced Microarray Data

This paper investigates statistical procedures for analyzing microarray gene expression data obtained from studies with an unbalanced experimental design. We demonstrate the methods using microarray data from a study of opioid dependence in mice. The experiment was designed to investigate how morphine dependence alters gene expression in spinal cord mRNA. The aim was to identify genes that characterize the tolerance, withdrawal and two abstinence stages of dependence and to describe how gene expression is altered in moving from one stage to the next. The study design was unbalanced in several respects. First, for mice receiving morphine, arrays were made for four dependence stages, while for mice receiving placebo, arrays were made for only three stages. Second, administrative error led to an omitted replication for one treatment combination. Third, some expression readings were missing. Extending the two-stage ANOVA model of Lee et al (2000, 2002a) this paper first uses a chi-square statistic to identify a small set of genes that exhibit differential expression over one or more treatment combinations. This gene set is then examined further using cluster analysis and novel inference methods to uncover specific genes and gene clusters that play a role at different stages of opioid dependence and, in particular, a role in the persistence of effect into the late abstinence stage. The latter effect implies that morphine dependence has a long-term genetic impact. The statistical power of the study to uncover differentially expressed genes is calculated as a prelude to further investigation. The analytical results proved useful to scientists in understanding the link between opioid dependence and gene function.
DBpedia-Based Fuzzy Query Recommenda-tion Algorithm and Its Applications in the Resource-Sharing Platform of Polar Samples

In order to continuously promote the polar sample resource services in China and effectively guide the users to access such information as needed, a fuzzy algorithm based on DBpedia has been proposed through the analysis of the characteristics of the query recommendations in search engines, namely, to search similar entry queues by constructing a DBpedia category tree, then use the fuzzy matching algorithm to work out the entry similarity, and then present the example query applications of this algorithm on the resource-sharing platform of polar samples. Comparing the traditional literal character matching method and DBpedia semantic similarity algorithm, the experimental results show that the fuzzy query algorithm based on DBpedia features has a higher search accuracy rate, stronger anti-interference capability, and more flexible algorithm use by virtue of its fuzzy weight adjustment.
Wavelength-swept fiber laser based on bidirectional used linear chirped fiber Bragg grating

A wavelength-swept fiber laser is proposed and successfully demonstrated based on a bidirectional used linear chirped fiber Bragg grating (LC-FBG). The wavelength-swept operation principle is based on intracavity pulse stretching and compression. The LC-FBG can introduce equivalent positive and negative dispersion simultaneously, which enables a perfect dispersion matching to obtain wide-bandwidth mode-locking. Experimental results demonstrate a wavelength-swept fiber laser that exhibits a sweep rate of about 5.4 MHz over a 2.1 nm range at a center wavelength of 1550 nm. It has the advantages of simple configuration and perfect dispersion matching in the laser cavity.
A New Method of Radar Signal Feature Parameter Assessment

Aimed at the problem of radar signal feature parameter assessment in the process of sorting, a multi-index joint assessing method is proposed. This method uses complexity, separability and stability to assess the performance of feature parameters sorting. It overcomes the defects of traditional ways that cannot make an overall and scientific assessment by only using a single index. Meanwhile, it can get the optimal comprehensive score value under different application requirements. Its validity and good engineering utilization performance is proved by computer simulation.
An Analysis of Returns to Integrated Soil Conservation Practices in the Lake Naivasha Basin, Kenya

The current study seeks to assess the private benefits associated with integrated soil conservation practices (ISCPs) by estimating the marginal value of crop production that can be attributed to such practices. In areas where land degradation associated with soil erosion causes serious agri-environmental challenges such as loss of land fertility, siltation and eutrophication, an integrated approach to soil conservation is necessary. However, notwithstanding efforts to encourage adoption of such practices, their uptake remains generally low. Understanding this deplorable status therefore warrants keen investigations on the effect of ISCPs on crop productivity. To achieve the objective, the current study applied propensity score matching and exogenous switching regression techniques to cross-sectional data collected from a random sample of farm households located in Lake Naivasha basin, Kenya. Results indicate that there is a significant positive effect of implementing integrated soil conservation practices on crop productivity. However, we note that whether the additional benefits will cover the opportunity costs associated with the implementation of these practices will depend on farm specific attributes. In cases where marginal benefits are not substantial to over private incentives for implementation of soil conservation practices, intrinsic or external incentives could be necessary.
Evaluation of the predictive ability of two elastic-viscoplastic constitutive models

Two elastic-viscoplastic constitutive formulations are evaluated using laboratory and field data from Sackville, New Brunswick and Gloucester, Ontario. Both constitutive models have been implemented in a finite element program and formulated for undrained analysis and fully coupled analysis based on Biot consolidation theory. A laboratory study of the rate-sensitive behaviour of Sackville clay is described. The response of Sackville clay during consolidated anisotropic undrained (CAU) triaxial creep, CAU triaxial compression, and incremental oedometer consolidation is compared with the calculated behaviour. The comparisons demonstrate the general ability of three-parameter elastic-viscoplastic constitutive models to satisfactorily describe the rate-dependent behaviour of Sackville clay. The measured response of Gloucester clay during long-term Rowe cell consolidation tests is compared with the calculated behaviour, and the predictive ability of both constitutive formulations is evaluated using the field p.
The technology Gradient in the Market Economy

Technological creation and mass production are usually associated with large-scale production, while technological absorption is found more often in small-scale competitive firms. Thus, the link between the innovative and absorptive sectors defines a technological and market power gradient that is a key endogeneous feature of the economy. We construct a stylized two sector mass market economy model, one with monopolistic and the other with perfect competition, that innovate and absorb technologies. Innovation profits are concentrated among a few owners of large-scale innovation, and economy-wide wage levels reflect the lagging average technological level. The model shows there are innovative-distributive policies that can increase efficiency in production, innovation and absorption, by increasing wages and reducing profits. Cointegration and weak-exogeneity results based on our study corroborate the assertion that the large-scale sector drives aggregate employment, wages and inequality.
Communications in Curriculum Materials and Types of Student Autonomy Promoted.

The interaction between types of communication and socio-mathematical norms on students’ learning autonomy in five curriculum programs was investigated. Uni-directional, contributive, reflective, and instructive types of communications were present in curriculum programs studied. Investigations in Number Data and Space and Math Trailblazers provided opportunities for students to explain, justify, and compare solution strategies. Math in Focus and Scott Foresman Addison Wesley-Mathematics required explanations, justifications, and comparisons of solution strategies, but those were mainly provided by the teacher. The former and latter programs potentially foster intellectual autonomous and intellectual heteronomous learning in students, respectively, while Everyday Mathematics almost equally supports both.
Aptamers in the diagnosis of Rickettsiosis sensu lato

Aptamers are short synthetic oligonucleotides that specifi cally bind to various molecular targets with high affi nity and selectivity. Aptamers have found two main applications in bacteriology, diagnosis in various sensing applications and riboswitches. Rickettsiosis are diseases caused by rickettsias ‘sensu lato’ including spotted fever, typhus, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, bartonellosis and Q fever. Traditional methodologies for the diagnosis of diseases associated with rickettsias ‘sensu lato’ are based on serological testing, bacterial cultures and molecular assays. However, an increasing number of novel technologies, including aptamer-based diagnostic sensors, are now on the horizon, opening up possibilities for earlier diagnosis and more sensitive assays. Th is perspective looks at the contribution of aptamers to rickettsias ‘sensu lato’ diagnosis, providing information on the ‘state of the art’ in this emerging field
Optical design of liquid crystal lenses: off-axis modelling

We report on our work on producing liquid crystal switchable modal lenses and their use in a compound lens system in order to produce variable focus/zoom lenses. We describe work on producing a high power lens, and present theoretical work on off-axis phase modulation in a liquid crystal lens which is important in order to be able to carry out a complete optical design of a liquid crystal lens.
Psychological gender of women taking up typically masculine sports activity

Psychological gender of women taking up typically masculine sports activity Study aim: To examine which gender scheme is used by women who take up stereotypically masculine sports activity and to obtain an answer to the question of whether these subjects achieve higher results on the masculinity scale and lower results in femininity than women who practise other sports and women who do not take up any sports activity. Do women who practise masculine sports achieve a higher sports class and self-evaluate their results better if they identify with a masculine image? Material and methods: 90 women participated in the research: 30 sportswomen who practise masculine sports (judo, boxing, wrestling); 30 women training in gymnastics, swimming and basketball; and 30 women not taking up any sports activity. The research utilized the inventory of psychological gender assessment (IPP) by Kuczynska and a questionnaire prepared by the author. Results: The analysis of the results revealed that individuals taking up sports activity are to a large extent androgynic, while as far as masculine sports are concerned, a masculine gender scheme dominates. Women practising masculine sports gain significantly higher masculinity indices and lower femininity indices when compared to the remaining subjects. Simultaneously it was not proved whether individuals with a higher intensity of masculinity achieved a higher sports class or whether they self-evaluated their sports skills better. Conclusions: Women that take part in sport activities considered by society as masculine, identify themselves with masculine and androgynic gender schema.
The Influence of Paranormal Belief on House Buying: Implications for Taiwanese Consumer Behavior

Despite the large impact of paranormal belief on human behavior, we currently know very little about its implications for consumer behaviors. This study uses house buying as the target consumer behavior, we seek to explore the influence of paranormal belief on the taboos Taiwanese adults encounter in their decision to buy a house. In addition to the seven dimensions of paranormal belief identified by Tobacyk (1988) in the western society, we also included two dimensions commonly observed in the eastern society: qi and feng-shui. Our results support the assertions that paranormal belief has influence on Taiwanese consumer behavior and eastern paranormal belief adds to the predictive power of the traditional construct of the western paranormal belief in relation to predicting consumer behaviors in the eastern context.
Quinoa: A Traditional Andean Crop with New Horizons

Farmers in the Andes have conserved, adapted, and developed more than 70 food crops. Some of them, such as potatoes, maize, sweet potatoes, and beans, have been adopted as staple foods throughout the world. Many others that include pseudocereals, legumes, roots, tubers, vegetables, and fruits have not been widely used and may present new opportunities for the development of ingredients and new products with unique nutritional properties and flavor profiles. One of these products is quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild), a relatively unknown millet-size grain that is usually referred to as one of the most important sources of nutrition of the past. Because of its nutritional properties and importance to the diet of the Incas, quinoa was considered the mother grain and revered as sacred. Thus, it was banned by the Spanish conquerors for its association with religious rituals, and its production was never developed or adopted except for use in traditional recipes. Currently, its consumption is not yet widespread, but there is renewed attention to this crop. Its versatility and attributes have sparked new interest, bringing it again to the forefront as a food charged with future potential. Quinoa is the seed of the chenopod or goosefoot plant and has been extensively cultivated in the cold, high plateaus of the Andean valleys since approximately 3000 B.C.E. Like amaranth and buckwheat, it is considered a pseudocereal because it is the seed of a broadleaf plant rather than a grass. In addition to its nutritional value, quinoa is an interesting crop because it thrives in extreme conditions of drought, frost, and soil salinity, making it a perfect crop for mountainous areas. Currently, it continues to be grown in South American countries such as Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina, where it is usually consumed as a traditional product. However, among health-conscious consumers in the United States and Europe, there is an expanding market, particularly for organically grown quinoa. Bolivia and Peru are the major producers, with a 46 and 42% share of world production, respectively, and the United States is the third Rebeca Lopez-GaRcia
Incumbency Advantage in Non-Democratic Elections∗

In nondemocratic politics, incumbency advantage often manifests in the incumbent’s ability to eliminate the opponent. We study the impact of this institutional imperfection on both the selection of politicians for offi ce and accountability for those who were selected. In a career-concerns framework, citizens and politicians are symmetrically yet imperfectly informed about the abilities of the latter. The outcome of a contest between the incumbent leader and a challenger depends on the incumbent’s ability to use violence (an institutional parameter) and resolve to resort to violence, which depends on strategic advantages of having reputation for violence. In equilibrium, the ability to eliminate a political opponent (the non-democratic incumbency advantage) has a negative effect on the incumbents’ efforts in offi ce. The impact of this ability on the pool of successful challengers, however, might be positive. Furthermore, strategic interaction between the incumbent and future leaders generates a natural path-dependence: elimination of a political opponent typically hurts the selection of competent politicians, which encourages further violence. The model is simple and admits extensions that may be used for comparative studies of political institutions and their consequences.
The SPARC water vapor assessment II: intercomparison of satellite and ground-based microwave measurements

Abstract. As part of the second SPARC (Stratosphere–troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate) water vapor assessment (WAVAS-II), we present measurements taken from or coincident with seven sites from which ground-based microwave instruments measure water vapor in the middle atmosphere. Six of the ground-based instruments are part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and provide datasets that can be used for drift and trend assessment. We compare measurements from these ground-based instruments with satellite datasets that have provided retrievals of water vapor in the lower mesosphere over extended periods since 1996. We first compare biases between the satellite and ground-based instruments from the upper stratosphere to the upper mesosphere. We then show a number of time series comparisons at 0.46 hPa, a level that is sensitive to changes in H2O and CH4 entering the stratosphere but, because almost all CH4 has been oxidized, is relatively insensitive to dynamical variations. Interannual variations and drifts are investigated with respect to both the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS; from 2004 onwards) and each instrument's climatological mean. We find that the variation in the interannual difference in the mean H2O measured by any two instruments is typically ∼ 1%. Most of the datasets start in or after 2004 and show annual increases in H2O of 0–1 % yr−1. In particular, MLS shows a trend of between 0.5 % yr−1 and 0.7 % yr−1 at the comparison sites. However, the two longest measurement datasets used here, with measurements back to 1996, show much smaller trends of +0.1 % yr−1 (at Mauna Loa, Hawaii) and −0.1 % yr−1 (at Lauder, New Zealand).
Analytical Approximate Expression for Cocurrent Imbibition during Immiscible Two-Phase Flow through Porous Media

Cocurrent and countercurrent imbibitions are the crucial mechanism in many multiphase flow processes. In cocurrent imbibition wetting phase displaces nonwetting phase such that the nonwetting phase moves in the same direction to the wetting phase, whereas in countercurrent imbibitions wetting and non-wetting phase flow in opposite directions. However for cocurrent imbibitions, mathematical models need total flux condition as both phases flow in the same direction. Thus cocurrent imbibitions have been considered neglecting pressure gradient of nonwetting phase and only pressure gradient of displacing phase is considered which gives additional velocity to the displacing phase. An approximate analytical solution is derived by the method of small parameter; an approximate expression for the wetting phase saturation has been obtained. From analytical expression graphical presentation of saturation of wetting phase shows that cocurrent imbibition is faster than countercurrent imbibition. Also, the small parameter is chosen from initial wetting phase saturation and wetting phase saturation at imbibition phase, thus giving comparative behavior of imbibition at initial and later stage. It is shown that cocurrent imbibition proceeds faster with more amount of wetting phase present in porous matrix.