Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nursing Students’ Experiences With Death and Terminal Patients During Clinical Education

The aim of this study is to explore nursing students’ experiences with death and terminal patients during clinical education. A secondary analysis of qualitative data that were collected through 11 focus group interviews with nursing students was performed. Data obtained from the interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. There were a total of 9 themes across 3 contexts. Data were grouped under the following themes: feelings experienced when encountering death for the first time, reactions to the first encounter with death, factors affecting the reactions to death, involvement in terminal patient care, being informed about the physical process that terminal patients are going through, students’ approach toward terminal patients and their relatives, health professionals’ approach toward terminal/dying patients/their relatives, changes in the ideas about death, and changes in the ideas about terminal/dying patients. The study shows a lack of guidance on the part of teachers who also avoid patients and families who are considered terminally ill.
Introducing a delivery system for melanogenesis inhibition in melanoma B16F10 cells mediated by the conjugation of tyrosine ammonia‐lyase and a TAT‐penetrating peptide

Hyperpigmentation disorders negatively influence an individual's quality of life and may cause emotional distress. Over the years, various melanogenesis inhibitors (mainly tyrosinase inhibitors) have been developed, most of which with low efficacy or high toxicity. Although metabolic engineering by deviation in the flux of substrate is of considerable interest, trials to develop a melanogenesis inhibitor based on L‐tyrosine (L‐Tyr) restriction are missing. We propose a novel proteinaceous melanogenesis inhibitor called tyrosine ammonia‐lyase (TAL), an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L‐Tyr to p‐coumaric acid and ammonia. Since the cell membrane can act as a barrier for intracellular protein delivery, we have covalently conjugated a recombinant TAL enzyme from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (RsTAL) to a trans‐activator of transcription (TAT) cell‐penetrating peptide (CPP) to afford the intracellular delivery. The heterologously expressed TAT‐RsTAL fusion protein was delivered successfully into B16F10 melanocytes as confirmed by the direct fluorescence microscopy with increased intensity from 30 to 180 min. TAT‐RsTAL showed sufficient intracellular activity of about 0.83 ± 0.04 and 0.34 ± 0.03 nmol•mg−1•s−1 for the native and inclusion body‐extracted conjugates, respectively. The conjugate inhibited melanin biosynthesis in B16F10 cells in a time‐dependent manner. Melanin accumulation was inhibited by 12.7 ± 6.2%, 28.2 ± 5.7%, and 33.9 ± 2.9% compared to the nontreated control groups after 24, 48, and 72 hr of incubation, respectively. L‐Tyr restriction had no significant effect on the cell viability up to a concentration of 100 μgml−1 even after 72 hr. According to the observed hypopigmentary effect of the conjugate in this study, TAT‐RsTAL can be suggested as a melanogenesis inhibitor for further investigations.
Maternal History of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Pregnancy

ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to study the association between maternal history of childhood adversity and blood pressure in pregnancy. Methods A total of 127 pregnant women completed measures of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and prenatal stress between June 2015 and April 2019. At 11 weeks’ gestation (range, 6–17 weeks), we measured 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure. All women were considered to be at risk for pregnancy complications due to elevated body mass index and self-reporting snoring in pregnancy. Results Women were, on average, 30 years old (range, 19–40 years), and average (standard deviation) body mass index in this sample was 34 (7) kg/m2 (range, 27–55 kg/m2). Higher ACE scores were associated with higher nighttime blood pressure (systolic blood pressure: β = 0.23, p = .013; diastolic blood pressure: β = 0.22, p = .028). There were no significant associations between the ACE score and daytime blood pressure. Women with four or more ACEs were more likely to display nocturnal blood pressure nondipping (odds ratio = 3.97, 95% confidence interval = 1.38–11.40). Associations between ACE and nocturnal blood pressure remained significant after adjusting for symptoms of prenatal stress. Conclusions Results indicate that experiences of childhood adversity are associated with elevated nocturnal blood pressure and loss of a typical decline in blood pressure between day and night.
Can Halophilic and Psychrophilic Microorganisms Modify the Freezing/Melting Curve of Cold Salty Solutions? Implications for Mars Habitability

We present the hypothesis that microorganisms can change the freezing/melting curve of cold salty solutions by protein expression, as it is known that proteins can affect the liquid-to-ice transition, an ability that could be of ecological advantage for organisms on Earth and on Mars. We tested our hypothesis by identifying a suitable candidate, the well-known psycrophile and halotolerant bacteria Rhodococcus sp. JG3, and analyzing its response in culture conditions that included specific hygroscopic salts relevant to Mars—that is, highly concentrated magnesium perchlorate solutions of 20 wt % and 50 wt % Mg(ClO4)2 at both end members of the eutectic concentration (44 wt %)—and subfreezing temperatures (263 K and 253 K). Using a combination of techniques of molecular microbiology and aqueous geochemistry, we evaluated the potential roles of proteins over- or underexpressed as important players in different mechanisms for the adaptability of life to cold environments. We recorded the changes observed by micro-differential scanning calorimetry. Unfortunately, Rhodococcus sp. JG3 did not show our hypothesized effect on the melting characteristics of cold Mg-perchlorate solutions. However, the question remains as to whether our novel hypothesis that halophilic/psychrophilic bacteria or archaea can alter the freezing/melting curve of salt solutions could be validated. The null result obtained after analyzing just one case lays the foundation to continue the search for proteins produced by microorganisms that thrive in very cold, high-saline solutions, which would involve testing different microorganisms with different salt components. The immediate implications for the habitability of Mars are discussed.
Metal-Semiconductor-Metal GeSn Photodetectors on Silicon for Short-Wave Infrared Applications

Metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors (MSM PDs) are effective for monolithic integration with other optical components of the photonic circuits because of the planar fabrication technique. In this article, we present the design, growth, and characterization of GeSn MSM PDs that are suitable for photonic integrated circuits. The introduction of 4% Sn in the GeSn active region also reduces the direct bandgap and shows a redshift in the optical responsivity spectra, which can extend up to 1800 nm wavelength, which means it can cover the entire telecommunication bands. The spectral responsivity increases with an increase in bias voltage caused by the high electric field, which enhances the carrier generation rate and the carrier collection efficiency. Therefore, the GeSn MSM PDs can be a suitable device for a wide range of short-wave infrared (SWIR) applications.
Work and Play: International Evidence of Gender Equality in Employment and Sports

This paper addresses the question of whether societies that afford economic opportunity to women offer other opportunities as well. The analysis in this paper shows that the performance of a country's women in international athletic competition reflects the degree of their relative participation in that country's labor market. There is a significant positive relationship across countries between a high ratio of the labor force participation rate of women to the labor force participation rate of men and the number and type of medals won by a country's women in the 2000 Sydney Summer Olympics. Teams representing countries with high relative labor force participation rates also were both more likely to qualify for the 1999 Women's Soccer World Cup and to do well in that competition. This effect of relative labor force participation rates on athletic success is found while controlling for a nation's income per capita, population, men's performance in related sporting events, rate of participation of women in government, and fertility rate. These results suggest that the participation of women in a country's labor force is an important reflection of their opportunities in other areas as well.
Identification of differentially expressed genes between mucinous adenocarcinoma and other adenocarcinoma of colorectal cancer using bioinformatics analysis

Objective As a unique histological subtype of colorectal cancer (CRC), mucinous adenocarcinoma (MC) has a poor prognosis and responds poorly to treatment. Genes and markers related to MC have not been reported. Methods To identify biomarkers involved in development of MC compared with other common adenocarcinoma (AC) subtypes, four datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using GEO2R. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed. Functional annotation for DEGs was performed via DAVID, Metascape, and BiNGO. Significant modules and hub genes were identified using Cytoscape, and expression of hub genes and relationships between hub genes and MC were analyzed. Results The DEGs were mainly enriched in negative regulation of cell proliferation, bicarbonate transport, response to peptide hormone, cell–cell signaling, cell proliferation, and positive regulation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. The Venn diagram revealed eight significant hub genes: CXCL9, IDO1, MET, SNAI2, and ZEB2 were highly expressed in MC compared with AC, whereas AREG, TWIST1, and ZEB1 were expressed at a low level. AREG and MET might be significant biomarkers for MC. Conclusion The identified DEGs might help elucidate the pathogenesis of MC, identify potential targets, and improve treatment for CRC.
Comparative Analysis of HIV-1 Viral Load Assays on Subtype Quantification: Bayer Versant HIV-1 RNA 3.0 Versus Roche Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor Version 1.5

Quantification of HIV- 1 subtypes is essential for appropriate clinical management. Whereas viral load assays were initially developed to accurately quantify subtype B, the recent worldwide spread of non-B subtypes and the introduction of treatment programs in regions with non-B subtypes have prompted adaptations of these assays. The Bayer Versant HIV-1 RNA 3.0 Assay (branched DNA [bDNA] 3.0) and the Roche Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor version 1.5 (Amplicor 1.5) assays are reported to quantify all subtypes in group M; however, evaluation of performance characteristics remains limited. In this study, we evaluated the accuracy and reliability of bDNA 3.0 and Amplicor 1.5 on multiple serially diluted viral isolates from HIV-1 group M, subtypes A through F. Testing was conducted on both assay systems in two independent laboratories. Comparative pansubtype quantification from regression analysis showed that quantification by bDNA 3.0 was approximately 0.3 log-fold lower than that by Amplicor 1.5. Comparative pansubtype accuracy analysis showed data points more closely distributed about their respective regression lines and thus showing greater reliability by bDNA 3.0 than by Amplicor 1.5.
Response of Asparagus to Repeated Application of Residual Herbicides

S UMMARY . Asparagus ( Asparagus ofﬁcinalis ) is a perennial crop that has a 12- to 20- year production life in the ﬁeld. Herbicides are applied in the spring each year and again after ﬁnal harvest in early summer. Asparagus yield declines with age, and herbicides may contribute to yield decline. An experiment was established in 2004 and maintained for seven years with the same herbicide treatments applied each spring to determine herbicide effects on marketable spear yield. Spring-applied diuron, metribuzin, terbacil, sulfentrazone, halosulfuron, mesotrione, and cloma- zone had no adverse effect on yield or quality over the seven years of the experiment. Flumioxazin reduced yearly average marketable yield compared with standard treatments, and some spears developed lesions early in the season after rainfall. Asparagus yield from most treatments declined more than 50% from 2004 to 2010.
A Survey of Black-footed Albatross Breeding Colonies and Chicks on Torishima, January 1994

The status of the endangered Short-tailed Albatross on Torishima has attracted much attention (Fujisawa 1967, Hasegawa 1982, Hasegawa and DeGange 1982), but the presence of Black-footed Albatrosses on this island has not been well known. The world population of the Black-footed Albatross is estimated to be 200,000 birds, which is quite small compared with the North Pacific Ocean Laysan Albatross population of 2.5 million birds (McDermon and Morgan 1993). The breeding population of the Black-footed Albatross in the Hawaiian Islands is reported to be slightly declining (McDermon and Morgan 1993), while the population of the Southern Ryukyu, Izu, and Bonin Islands in the western part of the North Pacific has been increased in recent years (Sato unpubl. data). The Torishima population has increased from 300-400 birds in 1980 (Hasegawa 1982) to 700-800 in 1993 (Sato unpubl. data). We stayed on Torishima from 20 to 28 January 1994 and spent 10 hours at
Researching social and economic change : the uses of household panel studies

Part 1: Introducing Household Panel Studies 1. Household Panel Studies: An overview 2. Panel Surveys: Adding the fourth dimension 3. Using Panel Studies to Understand Household Behaviour and Wellbeing Part 2: Panel Data Quality 4. Panel Attrition 5. Weighting in Household Panel Surveys 6. Dealing with Measurement Error in Panel Analysis 7. Tangled Webs of Family Relationships: Untangling them with panel data 8. Dissemination Issues for Panel Studies: Metadata and documentation Part 3: Examples of Panel Data Analyses 9. Dynamics of Poverty and Determinants of Poverty Transitions: Results from the Dutch socio-economic panel 10. Low Income Dynamics in 1990s Britain 11. A New Approach to Poverty Dynamics 12. Using Panel Data to Analyse Household and Family Dynamics 13. Using Panel Surveys to Study Migration and Residential Mobility
Accumulation of Poly-b-Hydroxybutyrate in Streptomyces Species During Growth with Different Nitrogen Sources

The accumulation of poly-b-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) in 27 Streptomyces isolates with different taxonomical properties was investigated. The amount of synthesized PHB was determined as crotonic acid by spectrophotometry. Eighty percent of the tested isolates accumulated PHB between 0.3 and 7.6% of dry mycelial weight. PHB was produced by a selectant of Streptomyces isolates in media containing different nitrogen sources (KNO3, glycine, peptone, proteose peptone, L-asparagine, tryptone and malt extract), each combined with 2 g/l glucose as the carbon source. The most effective PHB production was observed on glycine/glucose medium with a 7.6% dry mycelial weight. Nitrogen limiting conditions were inhibitory to Streptomyces growth, but stimulated PHB accumulation. Based on the morphological and biochemical test results, selected isolates were identified as Streptomyces halstedii (MU112), S. anulatus (MU117) and S. rochei (MU119).
The 'MycoHarvester': cleaning up locust control.

Using vacuum cleaners for locust control might sound a quixotic, if not eccentric proposition, but the MycoHarvester Mk 1, a machine based on the well-known Dyson dual cyclones, has provided an innovative solution to a sticky technical problem: efficient and safe extraction of spores to a high specification for turning into a biological pesticide.
Two new trematodes from Oneida Lake fishes.

Van Cleave and Mueller (1932), and Mueller and Van Cleave (1932) have described twenty three new species of parasitic worms from Oneida Lake fishes. The third part of this survey, in which all the collected species are discussed, is now in the hands of the editors. Subsequent to the preparation of the final part a number of additional species have been found in the lake. In the present paper two additional species of previously undescribed trematodes are considered.
Identification of a New Species of River Crab (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamonautidae) from South Africa Using Morphological and Genetic data

ABSTRACT Potamonautid river crabs were collected from 9 localities in Mpumalanga and Northern Province, South Africa, in order to determine morphological and genetic variation among these populations. Based on the presence or absence of epibranchial teeth, gonopod 1 shape, and marked allozyme divergence, 2 distinct forms were identified. The electrophoretic analysis of 11 enzyme systems, representing 14 presumptive loci, indicated a genetic identity value (I) of 0.66 between the 2 forms and revealed the presence of 4 diagnostic loci. It was concluded that these forms represented populations of Potamonautes sidneyi and populations of a previously unknown species, which is described as Potamonautes unispinus, new species, in this paper. A key to the known potamonautid river crab species from Mpumalanga and Northern Province is also provided.
The self-organising of youth volunteers during the Rena oil spill in New Zealand

ABSTRACT This study explores the communication and organising of youth volunteers during a crisis, focusing on how they conceived, framed, and executed self-organising efforts during the 2011 Rena oil spill in New Zealand. It offers insights into the intersections of self-organising, youth volunteering and crisis events which have not been researched before. The study addresses two core research questions: 1. how was ‘volunteering’ conceptualised by youth volunteers involved in the Rena crisis; and 2. how did these volunteers communicate and self-organise during this crisis? The findings indicate that self-organising emerged out of a resistance towards structured responses and as a reaction to the inability of the official volunteer response to meet the needs of the community. Self-organised efforts were particularly attractive among youth volunteers because they offered flexibility, required minimal administrative processes, and fostered an environment of innovation and creativity. The volunteers’ youthful energy and technological aptitude additionally drove their self-organised responses. The study identifies the considerable challenges that crisis officials faced in utilising youth volunteers despite the significant advantages of self-organising.
Size as a Factor in the Mating Propensity of Mediterranean Fruit Flies, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae), in the Laboratory

We show that body size of nonirradiated, laboratory-reared Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), is an important factor in mating success. With pupal weight as the estimate of size, 8- and g-mg flies were optimum in mating success, followed in decreasing order by 6- and 4-mg flies. Mating frequency was generally reduced when females were larger than males. However, mating frequency was generally equal when males were of equal or larger sizes than females. The percentages of adults eclosing, flying, and mating, as well as mating speed were positively correlated with increased pupal size. Relevance of these data to a final analysis of the sterile-insect technique (SIT) phase of the California Mediterranean Fruit Fly Eradication Program is discussed along with suggested practical application for use in future SIT programs against C. capitata . A table of wing measurements is also provided for correlation of wing dimensions (length and width) to pupal weight (mg) for trapped wild C. capitata as a basis for size determination of sterile insects to be used in an eradication program.
Fine Root Productivity and Dynamics on a Forested Floodplain in South Carolina

The highly dynamic, fine root component of forested wetland ecosystems has received inadequate attention in the literature. Characterizing fine root dynamics is a challenging endeavor in any system, but the difficulties are particularly evident in forested floodplains where frequent hydrologic fluctuations directly influence fine root dynamics. Fine root (≤3 mm) biomass, production, and turnover were estimated for three soils exhibiting different drainage patterns within a mixed-oak community on the Coosawhatchie River floodplain, Jasper County, South Carolina. Within a 45-cm-deep vertical profile, 74% of total fine root biomass was restricted to the upper 15 cm of the soil surface. Fine root biomass decreased as the soil became less well drained (e.g., fine root biomass in well-drained soil > intermediately drained soil > poorly drained soil). Fine root productivity was measured for 1 yr using minirhizotrons and in situ screens. Both methods suggested higher fine root production in better drained soils but showed frequent fluctuations in fine root growth and mortality, suggesting the need for frequent sampling at short intervals (e.g., monthly) to accurately assess fine root growth and turnover. Fine root production, estimated with in situ screens, was 1.5, 1.8, and 0.9 Mg ha -1 yr -1 in the well-drained, intermediately drained, and poorly drained soils, respectively. Results from minirhizotrons indicated that fine roots in well-drained soils grew to greater depths while fine roots in poorly drained soils were restricted to surface soils. Minirhizotrons also revealed that the distribution of fine roots among morphological classes changed between well-drained and poorly drained soils.
What is in a “common” name? A call for consistent terminology for nonnative Sus scrofa

Sus scrofa is both a destructive invasive species and a popular game animal in many parts of the world, but there is a lack of consistency and accuracy in how scientists and wildlife managers refer to wild-living members of the species. The growing importance of this invasive species necessitates that scientists, managers, and policy-makers standardize use of a common name in a taxonomically accurate manner to effectively communicate to the general public and scientific community. In this commentary, we discuss the current terminology used for S. scrofa and, based upon the history of introductions of this species, propose that these animals be referred to as wild pigs within their introduced range unless it is known that the population consists of genetically pure wild boar or domestic pigs that have recently been released and become feral. Use of the term “wild pig” should reduce the potential to misclassify populations as a result of genetic introgression and evolution following release. Furthermore, we recommend that, when appropriate, the terms “nonnative” or “invasive” be included to describe wild pigs in their introduced range to emphasize their negative impacts on natural and anthropogenic environments. The effective control of wild pig populations considered to be invasive will require informed public support and sound scientific management, necessitating clear communication about this species among the research community, wildlife managers, and the general public. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.