Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A molecular phylogenetic evaluation of the Ramalina siliquosa complex, with notes on species circumscription and relationships within Ramalina

Abstract Lichens of the Ramalina siliquosa complex dominate seashore cliffs in Europe and South-East Asia, but their taxonomy has been vigorously debated for over a century. On many cliffs, they exhibit a bewildering zonation of chemotypes that resembles the classic zonation of organisms that occupy the littoral zone below. Do the chemotypes represent separate species, or infraspecific variation? To better understand the systematics of this group, sequences from four genetic loci (ITS, IGS, RPB1 and RPB2) were obtained for 59 samples from Denmark, France, Iceland, Norway, UK, Japan and Korea, including all major chemotypes. Maximum likelihood analysis of these sequences, together with sequences from 36 other Ramalina species, reveals that the complex comprises two distinct phylogenetic lineages, each including multiple chemotypes. These two putative species-level lineages correspond to the currently accepted taxa R. cuspidata and R. siliquosa. There is no evidence that these two taxa are phylogenetic sister species. Consequently, the explanation of this chemotype complex as an example of ‘sibling speciation’ is rejected. Specimens traditionally called ‘R. siliquosa’ from South-East Asia form a third clade, identified here as R. semicuspidata, with an additional, divaricatic acid chemotype. Other results include a robustly supported clade of Ramalina species that produce medullary depsides and depsidones; this clade includes another well-supported clade of south-eastern United States coastal plain and tropical Ramalina species. By contrast, large, strap-shaped Ramalina species that lack medullary depsides and depsidones occur in separate lineages. In addition, close relationships between the following groups of species are indicated: R. farinacea with R. subfarinacea; R. fraxinea with R. leptocarpha, R. menziesii and R. subleptocarpha; R. sinensis with R. unifolia. Furthermore, a new, variolaric acid-only chemotype is reported for R. farinacea, and a new, acid-deficient chemotype is reported for a more broadly circumscribed R. culbersoniorum.
Effects of Moisture Contents on Harvesting time and Drying Methods on Mechanical Properties and Electrical Conductivity of Corn Hybrids

Background and Objectives: Drying affects quality parameters of the grains. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of drying methods, moisture contents at harvesting time and corn hybrids on mechanical properties (deformation, rupture force, firmness, necessary energy and power and toughness at rupture points) and electrical conductivity of corn kernels. Materials and Methods: The study assessed four corn hybrids (Ns640, Jeta600, Konsur580 and SC704) harvested at various moisture contents (20, 30 and 40%) and dried using two drying methods (sun dried and artificially dried using oven at 85–90 o C). Results: Results revealed that corn variety significantly affected mechanical properties since Ns640 included the maximum and Konsur580 the minimum properties, compared to that other hybrids did. Furthermore, variety affected electrical conductivity. Konsur580 variety exhibited a higher electrical conductivity in both drying methods. Moisture contents at harvesting time significantly affected all mechanical properties, except deformation and firmness, in the two drying methods. Higher values of mechanical properties were achieved at 20% moisture. Moreover, effects of the moisture contents on electrical conductivity were significant and kernels with 40% moisture at harvesting time included higher electrical conductivities. Conclusions: Drying methods of corn significantly affected quality parameters and electrical conductivity. Corn kernels dried in sun included higher levels of properties such as rupture force, necessary energy and power, toughness and lower levels of electrical conductivity.
Développement de nanovecteurs polymériques et lipidiques fonctionnalisés par des anticorps pour cibler des cellules cancéreuses

Ce travail, qui fait partie d’un projet europeen, « NANOTHER », est focalise sur la fonctionnalisation de nanoparticules polymeriques et lipidiques fonctionnalisees par des anticorps Herceptine® pour cibler des cellules du cancer du sein HER2+. Deux strategies de fonctionnalisation ont ete etudiees : une a repose sur l’utilisation de proteines de fusion, l’Anx5-ZZ, composee d’Annexine A5 et deux domaines Z homologues de la proteine A de Staphylococcus aureus qui peuvent se fixer des anticorps d’une maniere orientee par leur fragment cristallisable ; l’autre a porte sur le couplage direct d’anticorps modifies pour exposer des groupes sulfhydryles aux nanoparticules exposant des groupes maleimides.La premiere partie concerne le developpement d’un agent de ciblage simplifie du complexe l’Anx5-ZZ-anticorps, a savoir l’Anx5-scFv (single-chain variable fragment). Puisque la cible n’avait pas ete decidee au debut de ce travail, deux scFvs ont ete utilise comme systeme modele. L’expression de proteines de fusion a ete essayee chez Escherichia Coli avec differentes constructions de proteines de fusion, differentes conditions d’expression et differentes souches bacteriennes. Toutes les proteines sont soient agregees soient non surexprimees.La deuxieme partie consiste a fonctionnaliser les polymersomes par l’Herceptine® via l’Anx5-ZZ. D’abord, nous avons valide une methode de modification de la surface de polymersome pour presenter des groupes maleimides. Ensuite, le couplage covalent de l’Anx5(SH)-ZZ aux polymersomes-maleimide a ete realise et quantifie. Nous avons obtenu maximum 30 Anx5-ZZ par polymersome. Puis, la liaison d’affinite d’anticorps aux polymersomes-Anx5-ZZ a ete caracterisee, realisee et quantifiee. Pour 30 Anx5-ZZ par polymersome, nous avons 60 Herceptine® par polymersome. Cependant, l’efficacite de ciblage de ces systemes est tres faible.La troisieme partie consiste a fonctionnaliser les liposomes par l’Herceptine® via couplage direct. Tout d’abord, la modification de l’Herceptine® pour presenter des groupes SH a ete caracterisee et controlee. Ensuite, le couplage covalent d’Herceptine®-SH aux liposomes-maleimides a ete realise et quantifie. L’etude de ciblage montre que les liposomes fonctionnalises par une molecule d’Herceptine® sont capable de cibler les cellules HER2+.
Chemistry of Sulphur Dioxide in Foods

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Value of a Statistical Life Under Large Mortality Risk Change: Theory and an Application to COVID-19

In the estimation of the benefits of mortality reduction, a simple approach is to multiply the value of a statistical life (VSL) by the expected reduction in fatalities, thus holding the VSL constant. This procedure approximates benefits for small changes in mortality, but inaccurately characterizes benefits for large risk changes because it does not account for variations in the VSL. Building on the theoretical framework of the VSL, we outline a practical approach to calculate the benefits of large mortality reductions. This approach is readily applicable, yielding closed-form expressions that only require statistics broadly available for VSL-based calculations. Using recent empirical estimates of the VSL, we apply this approach to estimate the benefits of social distancing to combat COVID-19 in the United States and Brazil, two of the countries most affected by the pandemic. Our findings show that social distancing generates a benefit of $4 to 4.4 trillion in the United States, and $0.6 trillion in Brazil. We extend this analysis to other 72 countries using VSL projections and find that benefits correspond to 17% of the gross national income on average. Our results indicate that the constant VSL approach overestimates the benefits of social distancing by 74% on average.
Barriers to and facilitators for using nutrition apps: a scoping review and conceptual framework (Preprint)

Background: Nutrition apps are a prototypical mobile health (mHealth) technology supporting healthy eating behavior that are seen as promising tools for health promotion by policy makers. Although nutrition apps are increasingly popular, wide-spread adoption is yet to be achieved. Hence, profound knowledge regarding factors motivating and hindering (long-term) nutrition app use is crucial for developing design guidelines aiming at supporting uptake and prolonged use of nutrition apps. Objective: In this scoping review, we synthesized the literature on barriers to and facilitators for nutrition app use across disciplines including empirical qualitative and quantitative studies with current users, ex-users, and/or non-users of nutrition apps. Methods: A systematic literature search including six databases as well as backward and forward citation search was conducted. Search strategy, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the planned data extraction process were preregistered. All empirical qualitative and quantitative studies published in German or English were eligible for inclusion if they examined adults or adolescents (aged 13 to 18) who were either current users, ex-users and/ or non-users of nutrition apps. Based on qualitative content analysis, extracted individual barriers and facilitators were grouped into categories. Results: Twenty-eight publications were identified as eligible. A framework with a three-level hierarchy was designed which grouped 326 individual barriers and facilitators into 21 sub-categories, twelve categories, and four clusters that focus on either the individual user (goals, goal attainment, goal abandonment, personal living conditions, lack of knowledge or skill, lack or loss of motivation, habit), different aspects of the app and the smartphone (features, usability of the app or food database, technical issues, data security, accuracy/trustworthiness, costs), positive and negative outcomes of nutrition app use, or interactions between the user and their social environment. Conclusions: The resulting conceptual framework underlines a pronounced diversity of reasons for (not) using nutrition apps indicating that there is no “one-size-fits-all” approach for uptake and prolonged use of nutrition aps. Hence, tailoring nutrition apps to needs of specific user groups seems promising for increasing engagement. (JMIR Preprints 12/05/2020:20037) DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/preprints.20037
Cefpodoxime with Antacid, Metal Complexation and Investigation of Antimicrobial Activity, In-Vitro Investigation

Cefpodoxime is utilized to care for infections reasoned by bacteria, containing respiratory infections, skin infections in addition to urinary tract infection. The principal purpose of present follow a line of investigation was to explore in vitro communications of Cefpodoxime with crucial metal salt furthermore antacid to settle on the bioavailability in view of antimicrobial movement of Cefpodoxime following drug metal communications at the pH 7.4. Cefpodoxime is one of the cephalosporin drugs so as to is exercised to treat numerous different sorts of infections originated by bacteria. Since the ligand may influence bioavailability of metal in blood and tissues, for that reason with the intention of study the handy interaction of the Cefpodoxime with vital elements in attendance in the body. Cefpodoxime has been related with Zn, Mg as an in vitro examination. Besides, the anti-microbial movement of drug along with the complexes was resolved. It has scrutinized that Cefpodoxime interrelates with metal and antacid on the pH 7.4 by plotting various uv spectrophotometric methods (Tables 1&2). This examine authenticates that there was the interaction between Cefpodoxime and metal, antacid which was authenticated by job’s plot technique furthermore by antimicrobial exploration. This was authenticated that region of inhibition of Cefpodoxime with Metal in addition to antacid condensed from 16mm to 12mm and 13mm correspondingly. The typical Cefpodoxime disk also checked in opposition to Staphylococcus aureus
From Physical Classrooms to E-Learning and Online Teaching: A Case Study of Light International School, Mombasa

The purpose of the study was to find out how Light International School, Mombasa shifted from physical classroom to online teaching and learning after the Kenyan government suspended on-school learning due to the spread of Covid-19. The study found out that the school swiftly responded by activating on line teaching and learning as from 18th March to 9th April, 2020. The study used content analysis to analyze 30 E-Learning samples from Google Classroom, Zoom and WhatsApp home learning digital platforms. The study used Cohen’s Kappa to calculate inter-rater reliability which was k . 85 that translates to almost perfect agreement between the two coders. The study concluded that the digital platform or systems used by Light International School, Mombasa were able to apply most of the propositions of Constructivism theory or learning pedagogy. The study recommended that the school can work towards implementing blended learning with a robust ICT infrastructure.
COVID-19 uncertainty and monetary policy

The uncertainty of COVID-19 seriously disrupts the Congolese economy through various macroeconomic channels. This pandemic is influencing the management of monetary policy in its role as regulator of aggregate demand and guarantor of macroeconomic stability. We use a Bayesian VAR framework (BVAR) to provide an analysis of the COVID uncertainty shock on the economy and the monetary policy response. The analysis shows important conclusions. The uncertainty effect of COVID-19 hits unprecedented aggregate demand and the economy. In addition, it undermines the action of monetary policy to soften this fall in aggregate demand and curb inflation impacted by the exchange rate effect. We suggest a development of unconventional devices for a gradual recovery of the economy.
Neuropathological validation of the MDS-PSP criteria with PSP and other frontotemporal lobar degeneration

Background Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is clinically heterogeneous. Clinical diagnostic criteria were revised in 2017, to increase sensitivity and operationalize the diagnosis of PSP Richardson’s syndrome (PSP-RS) and “variant” syndromes (vPSP). Objectives To determine the (1) sensitivity and specificity of the 1996 NINDS-SPSP and 2017 MDS-PSP criteria; (2) false positive rates in frontotemporal dementia with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD); and (3) clinical evolution of variant PSP syndromes (vPSP). Methods Retrospective multicenter review of 108 neuropathologically-confirmed PSP patients and 81 patients with other forms of FTLD: 38 behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), 14 non-fluent/agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA), and 29 corticobasal degeneration (CBD), Sensitivity and specificity of the MDS-PSP criteria were compared to the NINDS-SPSP criteria at baseline. In a subset of cases, the timing and frequency of clinical features were compared across groups over six years. Results Sensitivity for recognition of probable and possible PSP pathology was higher by MDS-PSP criteria (72.2-100%) than NINDS-SPSP criteria (48.1-61.1%). Specificity was higher by NINDS-SPSP criteria (97.5-100%) than MDS-PSP criteria (53.1-95.1%). False positives by MDS-PSP criteria were few for bvFTD (10.5-18.4%) but common for CBD and nfvPPA (fulfilling “suggestive of’ PSP). Most vPSP cases developed PSP-RS-like features within six years, including falls and supranuclear gaze palsy, distinguishing frontal presentations of PSP from bvFTD, and speech/language presentations of PSP from nfvPPA. Conclusions The 2017 MDS-PSP criteria successfully identify PSP, including variant phenotypes. This independent validation of the revised clinical diagnostic criteria strengthens the case for novel therapeutic strategies against PSP to include variant presentations.
Determining abbreviations in Kariyer.net domain

In this paper, studies determining abbreviations and their meanings in job texts are explained. The data used in this study consist of job texts stored in the Kariyer.net database. The applied method consists of two separate steps: first, the words and phrases in all job text documents are vectorised with the Word2Vec model. The phrases and abbreviations that are compatible with each other in the proximity of these word vectors are then checked and matched. In the second step, sentences with abbreviations and their meanings in the dataset are defined by the rules determined by Regex. Then, the appropriate abbreviations are collected and added to the dictionary. Keywords: Word embeddings, text mining, abbreviation detection.
A machine learning framework for prediction of Diagnostic Trouble Codes in automobiles

ions obtained from the previous convolutional and pooling layers and aggregate the information to perform the final classification function. It typically consists of a multi-level perceptron network that identifies the contribution of the weights to the outputs. Unlike the convolutional layers in which not all the neurons are connected to each other, the FC layers consists of neurons in the previous layer connected to every neuron in the next layer. Generally the fully connected layer is accompanied with an activation function such as sigmoid or softmax. The softmax activation ensures that the sum of output probabilities for 16 each class is 1 whereas the sigmoid activation returns a 0 or 1. Sigmoid is used for binary classification popularly, whereas softmax activation function is employed in case of multiclass classification. The Figure 2.4 illustrates a CNN kernel applied over an image matrix. To name a few, [5, 52, 88] are some of the state-of-the-art approaches in the field of predictive maintenance, which have used CNNs to demonstrate exemplary results.
Influence of antioxidant supplementation on recovery from muscle damaging exercise

Exercise that is both unaccustomed and predominantly eccentric is commonly associated with damage to skeletal muscle that results in a delayed sensation of soreness and period of muscular dysfunction. It is also established that strenuous exercise is associated with a profound elevation in the generation of free radicals. The deleterious effects of these highly reactive molecules have been implicated in exercise-induced muscle damage and are believed to directly contribute to the symptoms of this physiological response to exercise. Although, regular exposure to physical activity results in adaptations to endogenous defence from free radicals this affords limited protection prior to a bout of strenuous or unaccustomed exercise. Subsequently, much attention has focused on the potential ameliorative role dietary antioxidant supplementation may play in reducing the detrimental effects associated with exercise-induced muscle damage. The series of investigations that follows attempts to elucidate this proposed protective role. [Continues. ]
Purification and Partial Characterization of Agglutinin Lectin from Heamolymph of German Cockroach, Blattella germanica

Background: Lectin molecules have crucial biological role in insects’ immune system. The aim of present study was to find the agglutinin activities in haemolymph of German cockroach, Belatella germanica with appropriate screening and purification. Methods: The heamolymph of cockroach was collected and agglutinin test performed against different animal and human red blood cells (RBC). Then sugar inhibition assay was carried out to find carbohydrate specific binding lectin. The proteins of haemolymph was purified using ion-exchange chromatography (HPLC) and each fraction was tested for agglutinin activity. Finally the molecular weight of the agglutinin protein was determined using SDS-page. Results: The most agglutinin activity of haemolymph was found against RBC of mouse at titer 1/128ml/L dilution and sugar inhibition assay showed that fucos, N-acetyglucoseamine and galactose reduced titer of agglutinin to ½ml/L. Only one fraction of heamolymph at rotation time of 36 minute showed agglutinin activity. The molecular weight of this lectin was measured as 120Kds. Conclusion: The range of agglutinin activities against different RBC indicates that the isolated lectin is not specific for a particular carbohydrate. In addition, the isolated lectin at low concentration present in heamolymph should be an innate lactin not secreted, because we found it without any trigger immunity of the insect.
Students’ Conceptual Changes on the Air Pressure Learning Using Predict-Observe-Explain Strategy

The concept of air-having pressure needs to be understood by students so that they can understand natural phenomena related to the air concept. The characteristic of the abstract concept of air having pressure leads students to misconceptions. The purpose of this study is to analyze changes in students' conceptions of the air-having pressure concept by using the POE strategy. The research method used was a pre-experiment with one group pretestposttest design. Pretest and posttest questions were given to students using the five-level diagnostic test instrument with a total of three questions. The ability to predict-test and the ability to observe-test were performed with four questions on each test. The participants of this study consisted of 31 fifth grade students in the even semester. The categorization of conception change is divided into five patterns: construction, revision, static, disorientation, and complementation. Based on the analysis, revision had the highest percentage followed by construction. The conclusion is that the POE strategy can help students in understanding the concept of air-having pressure so that there was a change from misconception to understanding scientific concepts.