Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantum Chemical Study of the Structural Properties of Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) in DMSO

Ascorbic acid is one of the most significant elements added to foods and dietary supplements. It isa man-made form of the vitamin C naturally found in fruits and vegetables. Ascorbic acid plays a key role in processed foods preparation, and human ingestion of the antioxidant values of vitamin C. Considering the significance of Ascorbic acid the goal of the current paper is to study structural properties of ascorbic acid in DMSO. To achieve the goal, first, quantum chemical method, then, ab intio Hartree Fock methods have been applied to determine the structure and energies of stable conformers as well as vibrational characteristics of various types AA/DMSO complexes in gas phase and solution. The results obtained show that there is a satisfactory correlation between experimental and theoretical predictions.
Comparative Analyses of Euonymus Chloroplast Genomes: Genetic Structure, Screening for Loci With Suitable Polymorphism, Positive Selection Genes, and Phylogenetic Relationships Within Celastrineae

In this study, we assembled and annotated the chloroplast (cp) genome of the Euonymus species Euonymus fortunei, Euonymus phellomanus, and Euonymus maackii, and performed a series of analyses to investigate gene structure, GC content, sequence alignment, and nucleic acid diversity, with the objectives of identifying positive selection genes and understanding evolutionary relationships. The results indicated that the Euonymus cp genome was 156,860–157,611bp in length and exhibited a typical circular tetrad structure. Similar to the majority of angiosperm chloroplast genomes, the results yielded a large single-copy region (LSC) (85,826–86,299bp) and a small single-copy region (SSC) (18,319–18,536bp), separated by a pair of sequences (IRA and IRB; 26,341–26,700bp) with the same encoding but in opposite directions. The chloroplast genome was annotated to 130–131 genes, including 85–86 protein coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes, with GC contents of 37.26–37.31%. The GC content was variable among regions and was highest in the inverted repeat (IR) region. The IR boundary of Euonymus happened expanding resulting that the rps19 entered into IR region and doubled completely. Such fluctuations at the border positions might be helpful in determining evolutionary relationships among Euonymus. The simple-sequence repeats (SSRs) of Euonymus species were composed primarily of single nucleotides (A)n and (T)n, and were mostly 10–12bp in length, with an obvious A/T bias. We identified several loci with suitable polymorphism with the potential use as molecular markers for inferring the phylogeny within the genus Euonymus. Signatures of positive selection were seen in rpoB protein encoding genes. Based on data from the whole chloroplast genome, common single copy genes, and the LSC, SSC, and IR regions, we constructed an evolutionary tree of Euonymus and related species, the results of which were consistent with traditional taxonomic classifications. It showed that E. fortunei sister to the Euonymus japonicus, whereby E. maackii appeared as sister to Euonymus hamiltonianus. Our study provides important genetic information to support further investigations into the phylogenetic development and adaptive evolution of Euonymus species.
The India Face Set: International and Cultural Boundaries Impact Face Impressions and Perceptions of Category Membership

This paper serves three specific goals. First, it reports the development of an Indian Asian face set, to serve as a free resource for psychological research. Second, it examines whether the use of pre-tested U.S.-specific norms for stimulus selection or weighting may introduce experimental confounds in studies involving non-U.S. face stimuli and/or non-U.S. participants. Specifically, it examines whether subjective impressions of the face stimuli are culturally dependent, and the extent to which these impressions reflect social stereotypes and ingroup favoritism. Third, the paper investigates whether differences in face familiarity impact accuracy in identifying face ethnicity. To this end, face images drawn from volunteers in India as well as a subset of Caucasian face images from the Chicago Face Database were presented to Indian and U.S. participants, and rated on a range of measures, such as perceived attractiveness, warmth, and social status. Results show significant differences in the overall valence of ratings of ingroup and outgroup faces. In addition, the impression ratings show minor differentiation along two basic stereotype dimensions, competence and trustworthiness, but not warmth. We also find participants to show significantly greater accuracy in correctly identifying the ethnicity of ingroup faces, relative to outgroup faces. This effect is found to be mediated by ingroup-outgroup differences in perceived group typicality of the target faces. Implications for research on intergroup relations in a cross-cultural context are discussed.
A-to-I RNA Editing in Cancer: From Evaluating the Editing Level to Exploring the Editing Effects

As an important regulatory mechanism at the posttranscriptional level in metazoans, adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR)-induced A-to-I RNA editing modification of double-stranded RNA has been widely detected and reported. Editing may lead to non-synonymous amino acid mutations, RNA secondary structure alterations, pre-mRNA processing changes, and microRNA-mRNA redirection, thereby affecting multiple cellular processes and functions. In recent years, researchers have successfully developed several bioinformatics software tools and pipelines to identify RNA editing sites. However, there are still no widely accepted editing site standards due to the variety of parallel optimization and RNA high-seq protocols and programs. It is also challenging to identify RNA editing by normal protocols in tumor samples due to the high DNA mutation rate. Numerous RNA editing sites have been reported to be located in non-coding regions and can affect the biosynthesis of ncRNAs, including miRNAs and circular RNAs. Predicting the function of RNA editing sites located in non-coding regions and ncRNAs is significantly difficult. In this review, we aim to provide a better understanding of bioinformatics strategies for human cancer A-to-I RNA editing identification and briefly discuss recent advances in related areas, such as the oncogenic and tumor suppressive effects of RNA editing.
Ccn6 Is Required for Mitochondrial Integrity and Skeletal Muscle Function in Zebrafish

Mutations in the CCN6 (WISP3) gene are linked with a debilitating musculoskeletal disorder, termed progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia (PPRD). Yet, the functional significance of CCN6 in the musculoskeletal system remains unclear. Using zebrafish as a model organism, we demonstrated that zebrafish Ccn6 is present partly as a component of mitochondrial respiratory complexes in the skeletal muscle of zebrafish. Morpholino-mediated depletion of Ccn6 in the skeletal muscle leads to a significant reduction in mitochondrial respiratory complex assembly and activity, which correlates with loss of muscle mitochondrial abundance. These mitochondrial deficiencies are associated with notable architectural and functional anomalies in the zebrafish muscle. Taken together, our results indicate that Ccn6-mediated regulation of mitochondrial respiratory complex assembly/activity and mitochondrial integrity is important for the maintenance of skeletal muscle structure and function in zebrafish. Furthermore, this study suggests that defects related to mitochondrial respiratory complex assembly/activity and integrity could be an underlying cause of muscle weakness and a failed musculoskeletal system in PPRD.
Warm-Ups and Coaches' Perceptions: Searching for Clues to Improve Injury Prevention in Youth Basketball

Introduction: Regular use of neuromuscular training (NMT) warm-up programs improves performance and prevents injuries. However, low level of adoption of these programs remains a problem. Understanding the current warm-ups in youth basketball and coaches' perceptions on injury prevention can guide the design of superior implementation strategies. This study describes warm-ups in youth basketball and coaches' injury prevention-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and information sources. Methods: Youth basketball coaches (n = 50) completed a preseason questionnaire. The questionnaire covered warm-up length, use of aerobic/agility/balance/strength/other exercises in the warm-up, injury-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and sources of information. Results: Typical warm-up duration was ≤ 10 min (48.0% of coaches, 95% CI: ±13.8%). All coaches included aerobic exercises in their warm-up. Agility, strength, and balance exercises were utilized by 80.0% (95% CI: ±11.7%), 70.7% (95% CI: ±13.6%), and 26.8% (95% CI: ±13.6%) of coaches, respectively. Most coaches agreed to some extent that basketball injuries are preventable (94%) and that participating in a NMT warm-up program would reduce player's risk of injury (92%). Other coaches were identified as the most common source of information on warm-ups and injury prevention. Discussion: Coaches use parts of effective NMT warm-up programs, but balance exercises are not well adopted. Considering the level of evidence supporting the importance of balance exercises in injury prevention, it is crucial to improve the implementation of NMT warm-up programs in youth basketball, for example, through educational courses. As fellow coaches were identified as the most important source of information, coaches' role in knowledge translation should be emphasized.
Bone Fragment Co-transplantation Alongside Bone Marrow Aspirate Infusion Protects Kidney Transplant Recipients

Integration of non-vascularized bone grafting and bone marrow aspirate infusion in transplantation may provide clinical benefit. Here we have incorporated bone fragment co-transplantation and bone marrow aspirate infusion (BF-BM) into living kidney transplantation (LKT). Twenty LKT recipients receiving bone fragments and bone marrow aspirates donated from their corresponding donors were enrolled into a retrospective study. A contemporaneous control group was formed of 38 out of 128 conventional LKT recipients, selected using propensity score matching by a 1:2 Greedy algorithm. Ultrasonography, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (US/CEUS) and SPECT/CT showed that the co-transplanted bone fragments remained viable for 6 months, subsequently shrank, and finally degenerated 10 months post-transplantation. BF-BM resulted in earlier kidney recovery and more robust long-term kidney function. Throughout 5 years of follow-up, BF-BM had regulatory effects on dendritic cells (DCs), T helper (Th1/Th2) cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Both alloantigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation and panel reactive antibody levels were negative in all recipients with or without BF-BM. In addition, the BF-BM group experienced few complications during the 5-year follow-up (as did the donors)—this was not different from the controls. In conclusion, BF-BM is safe and benefits recipients by protecting the kidney and regulating the immune response.
Evaluation of a Double-Entry Turbine Model Coupled With a One-Dimensional Calibrated Engine Model at Engine Full Load Curves

Turbocharging is one of the foremost ways of engine downsizing and represents the leading technology for reducing the engine CO2 emission standards in gasoline engine application. Turbocharger turbine always faces high unsteadiness of flow coming from the reciprocating internal combustion engines. Besides, increasing levels of engine downsizing include rising degrees of pulse charging. Utilization of pulse energy in the engine exhaust and reducing the interferences between the cylinders using the double-entry turbines is a vital element in solving the low-end-torque targets and improving rated power in highly boosted four-cylinder engines. The present paper describes a model of double-entry turbines. The model’ aim is to accommodate an efficient boundary condition to turbocharged engine models with zero and one-dimensional gas dynamic codes. The model is based on the simple procedure of testing and systematizing the performance maps of these turbines with different flow admission conditions. However, the described model in the present paper is capable of extrapolating operating conditions that differ from those included in the turbine maps because a turbocharger turbine with an engine usually works instantaneously and away from the narrow range of data that are measured in the gas stand. The described model has been implemented in a one-dimensional gas dynamic code and has been used to calculate unsteady operating conditions coming from the engine. The results obtained from the whole engine simulation show that the model can produce all the full load engine variables such as air mass flow and brake torque in a reasonable degree of agreement with the experimental data that are obtained from the engine test bench.
24 h-Heart Rate Variability as a Communication Tool for a Personalized Psychosomatic Consultation in Occupational Health

New tools for non-specific primary prevention strategies covering somatic and mental health in occupational medicine are urgently needed. Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects the capacity of the body to adapt to environmental challenges and of the mind to regulate emotions. Hence, a 24 h-measurement of HRV offers a unique possibility to quantify the interaction between situation-specific emotional regulation within a specific psychosocial environment and physiological state, thereby increasing self-perception and inducing motivation to change behavior. The focus of the present study represents such a 24 h-measurement of HRV and its presentation as a comprehensive graph including protocol situations of the client. A special training program for occupational health physicians and questionnaires for clients were developed and administered. The article reports the first data of the study “healthy leadership and work – body signals for managers and employees”, an investigator-initiated, interventional, single-arm, open (non-blinded), multicenter, national trial with 168 participants. They reported a significantly improved perception of their bodily needs after the consultation (from Median = 7, interquartile range 5–8 to Median = 8, interquartile range 7–9; scale range from 1 to 10; p < 0.001, Wilcoxon rank test; effect size 0.49). The 16 occupational health physicians stated that the measurement of HRV was very well suited to enter into dialog with the managers and was feasible to show interactions between situations, thoughts, feelings, and bodily reactions. Taken together, we show that a 24 h-HRV-measurement can be a feasible and effective approach for holistic, psychosomatic primary prevention in occupational medicine. We discuss possible mechanisms for improving the individual health via the consultation, containing mindset and improved ANS activity.
Microbiome Analyses Demonstrate Specific Communities Within Five Shark Species

Profiles of symbiotic microbial communities (“microbiomes”) can provide insight into the natural history and ecology of their hosts. Using high throughput DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA V4 region, microbiomes of five shark species in South Florida (nurse, lemon, sandbar, Caribbean reef, and tiger) have been characterized for the first time. The microbiomes show species specific microbiome composition, distinct from surrounding seawater. Shark anatomical location (gills, teeth, skin, cloaca) affected the diversity of microbiomes. An in-depth analysis of teeth communities revealed species specific microbial communities. For example, the genus Haemophilus, explained 7.0% of the differences of the teeth microbiomes of lemon and Caribbean reef sharks. Lemon shark teeth communities (n = 11) contained a high abundance of both Vibrio (10.8 ± 26.0%) and Corynebacterium (1.6 ± 5.1%), genera that can include human pathogenic taxa. The Vibrio (2.8 ± 6.34%) and Kordia (3.1 ± 6.0%) genera and Salmonella enterica (2.6 ± 6.4%) were the most abundant members of nurse shark teeth microbial communities. The Vibrio genus was highly represented in the sandbar shark (54.0 ± 46.0%) and tiger shark (5.8 ± 12.3%) teeth microbiomes. The prevalence of genera containing potential human pathogens could be informative in shark bite treatment protocols and future research to confirm or deny human pathogenicity. We conclude that South Florida sharks host species specific microbiomes that are distinct from their surrounding environment and vary due to differences in microbial community composition among shark species and diversity and composition among anatomical locations. Additionally, when considering the confounding effects of both species and location, microbial community diversity and composition varies.
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Antidepressant Medication Are Overrepresented in High-Dose Statin Treatment

Objective: To examine the dose-dependent relationship of different types of statins with the occurrence of major depressive disorder (MDD) and prescription of antidepressant medication. Methods: This cross-sectional study used medical claims data for the general Austrian population (n = 7,481,168) to identify all statin-treated patients. We analyzed all patients with MDD undergoing statin treatment and calculated the average defined daily dose for six different types of statins. In a sub-analysis conducted independently of inpatient care, we investigated all patients on antidepressant medication (statin-treated patients: n = 98,913; non-statin-treated patients: n = 789,683). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to calculate the risk of diagnosed MDD and prescription of antidepressant medication in patients treated with different types of statins and dosages compared to non-statin-treated patients. Results: In this study, there was an overrepresentation of MDD in statin-treated patients when compared to non-statin-treated patients (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.20–1.25). However, there was a dose dependent relationship between statins and diagnosis of MDD. Compared to controls, the ORs of MDD were lower for low-dose statin-treated patients (simvastatin>0– < =10 mg:OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.54–0.64; atorvastatin>0– < =10 mg:OR:0.65, 95%CI: 0.59–0.70; rosuvastatin>0– < =10 mg:OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.53–0.85). In higher statin dosages there was an overrepresentation of MDD (simvastatin>40– < =60 mg:OR: 2.42, 95% CI: 2.18–2.70, >60–80 mg:OR: 5.27, 95% CI: 4.21–6.60; atorvastatin>40– < =60 mg:OR: 2.71, 95% CI: 1.98–3.72, >60– < =80 mg:OR: 3.73, 95% CI: 2.22–6.28; rosuvastatin>20– < =40 mg:OR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.31–3.34). The results were confirmed in a sex-specific analysis and in a cohort of patients taking antidepressants, prescribed independently of inpatient care. Conclusions: This study shows that it is important to carefully re-investigate the relationship between statins and MDD. High-dose statin treatment was related to an overrepresentation, low-dose statin treatment to an underrepresentation of MDD.
Beneficial and Detrimental Effects of Reactive Oxygen Species on Lifespan: A Comprehensive Review of Comparative and Experimental Studies

Aging is the greatest risk factor for a multitude of diseases including cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration and cancer. Despite decades of research dedicated to understanding aging, the mechanisms underlying the aging process remain incompletely understood. The widely-accepted free radical theory of aging (FRTA) proposes that the accumulation of oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the primary causes of aging. To define the relationship between ROS and aging, there have been two main approaches: comparative studies that measure outcomes related to ROS across species with different lifespans, and experimental studies that modulate ROS levels within a single species using either a genetic or pharmacologic approach. Comparative studies have shown that levels of ROS and oxidative damage are inversely correlated with lifespan. While these studies in general support the FRTA, this type of experiment can only demonstrate correlation, not causation. Experimental studies involving the manipulation of ROS levels in model organisms have generally shown that interventions that increase ROS tend to decrease lifespan, while interventions that decrease ROS tend to increase lifespan. However, there are also multiple examples in which the opposite is observed: increasing ROS levels results in extended longevity, and decreasing ROS levels results in shortened lifespan. While these studies contradict the predictions of the FRTA, these experiments have been performed in a very limited number of species, all of which have a relatively short lifespan. Overall, the data suggest that the relationship between ROS and lifespan is complex, and that ROS can have both beneficial or detrimental effects on longevity depending on the species and conditions. Accordingly, the relationship between ROS and aging is difficult to generalize across the tree of life.
Local Markets: Agrobiodiversity Reservoirs and Access Points for Farmers' Plant Propagation Materials

Local markets are access points to local agrobiodiversity and to part of the informal seed systems on which most small-scale farmers worldwide depend. With the urgent need for more sustainable food systems, detailed studies of the food plant diversity in local markets contribute to a better understanding of the role of local markets in a functioning rural food system. In particular, the products that farmers trade and also use for plant propagation are of interest, i.e., seeds and other propagules such as cuttings, pseudostems, rhizomes, or tubers purposes, since they represent our genetic capital for food production. This study aims to show the role of local markets as access points for plant propagation materials and their contribution to regional in situ conservation of local food plant resources. We analyzed the inter- and intra-specific food plant diversity of the products from local merchants in 10 markets in the agrobiodiversity rich region of the Huasteca Potosina, Mexico. We recorded 275 different food plants consisting of 99 plant species, which have a high intraspecific richness of 210 variants. The list includes 58 species that are useful for propagation. The average number of variants suitable for propagation at each market is 58.4. The results show that the different richness parameters vary within and between the inventoried markets. They correlate partially to different factors like market size and origin. We conclude that local markets in the Huasteca Potosina are important components of the rural food system by providing access to a great variety of local food plants, as well as to seeds and other propagation materials for farming. However, diversity may be threatened, because of the high average proportion of unique and rare food plants (63.5%) in the markets. Also, almost half (45.1%) of the total richness is present in <1% of the inventoried stands. Political actions are needed to maintain and promote the use and conservation of this diversity in the future.
The Potential of Exosomal RNAs in Atherosclerosis Diagnosis and Therapy

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease that can lead to cardiovascular disorders and stroke. In the atherosclerosis microenvironment, exosomes secreted from various cells, especially macrophage-derived exosomes, play an important role in cell–cell communication and cellular biological functions. In this article, we review previous studies on exosomal RNAs and discuss their potential value in atherosclerosis diagnosis and therapy. Based on our research, we concluded that macrophage exosomes have potential value in atherosclerosis diagnosis and therapy. However, there is a need for future studies to further investigate methods of exosome isolation and targeting.