Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Archaeological Significance of the Reindeer Antlers from the Hohlenstein-Complex in the Lone Valley of Southwestern Germany role of culture in early expansions of humans‘

: Archaeological sites of the Swabian Jura (southwestern Germany) have revealed unique mobile art assemblages made from mammoth ivory. The largest figurine is the Löwenmensch from the Hohlenstein-Stadel in the Lone Valley. Within the same archaeological context as the Löwenmensch , a remarkable number of reindeer antlers have been found. Antlers are often excluded from faunal analysis because they do not necessarily represent dead animals and hence potential food resources; however, there must be some reason for the fact that they occur within the archaeological context. This study investigates the significance of small reindeer antlers within the Hohlenstein-Complex through the analysis of the materials from the excavations in 1997 and 1998 in front of the cave and from Robert Wetzel’s excavations in the 1930s in the 19 th and 20 th excavation meter inside Hohlenstein-Stadel. To used The enabled us to establish the season when reindeer migrated through Lone Valley during the Paleolithic. Finally, we the of figurine, which early Aurignacian. the predictability of reindeer as a resource not only for raw materials but also for food. During this study, small cast reindeer antlers turned out to be an informative find category, especially in the context of the analysis of subsistence strategies. The certainty of resources, as in time and location of reindeer migrations, was likely an important factor for the settlement dynamics of Paleolithic hunter-gatherers, and not only in the Lone Valley. Furthermore, the way these antlers were introduced into the archaeological context as an organic non-food source provides additional insights into the use of resources in the past. Wanderroute der Tiere zwischen Sommer- und Winterwei-deplätzen resultiert im Paläolithikum die Möglichkeit, Rentiere nicht nur als Rohmaterialquelle, sondern auch als Nahrungsquelle im Voraus einzuplanen. Im Verlaufe der Studie erwiesen sich kleine Abwurfstangen von Rentieren als informative Fundkategorie, besonders im Zusammenhang mit der Analyse der Subsistenzstrategien. Die Ressourcensicherheit durch Zeit und Ort der Rentierwanderung spielte wahrscheinlich eine wichtige Rolle bei der Siedlungsdynamik der paläolithischen Jäger und Sammler nicht nur im Lonetal. Darüber hinaus gewährt die Art und Weise, wie diese Geweihe als organische Nicht-Nahrungsreserve in den archäologischen Fundkontext eingebracht wurden, weitere Einblicke in die Ressourcennutzung in der Vergangenheit.
Design of Smart Grid Oriented Adaptive Planning System

The current regional power grid planning is analyzed in the perspective of smart grid development and regional power grid planning system.By combining the theory of economy management in system way with the practice of power grid planning and taking into consideration the balance among the four major factors of power grid performance,power grid efficiency,social benefits and cost of electricity network,an adaptive power grid planning system for smart grid is proposed.The three-stage production function with multiple factors is adopted to build the synthetic effectiveness index of the total electric network system(SEITENS) to guide the research of power grid planning topics.A multi-phase,multi-section,multi-target planning procedure with perfect feedback mechanism is described.
11 (cid:226) -Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is a predominant reductase in intact rat Leydig cells

11 (cid:226) -Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11 (cid:226) -HSDs) inter-convert active corticosterone and inert 11-dehydro-corticosterone. In tissue homogenates, 11 (cid:226) -HSD type 1 (11 (cid:226) -HSD-1) exhibits both 11 (cid:226) -dehydrogenase (cortico-sterone inactivating) and 11 (cid:226) -reductase (corticosterone regenerating) activities, whereas 11 (cid:226) -HSD type 2 (11 (cid:226) -HSD-2) is an exclusive dehydrogenase. In the rat testis, 11 (cid:226) -HSD has been proposed to reduce glucocorticoid inhibition of testosterone production, promoting puberty and fertility. This hypothesis presupposes dehydrogenation predominates. 11 (cid:226) -HSD-1 immunoreactivity has been localised to Leydig cells. However, recent studies suggest that 11 (cid:226) -HSD-1 is predominantly an 11 (cid:226) -reductase in many intact cells. We therefore examined the expression and reaction direction of 11 (cid:226) -HSD isozymes in cultures of intact rat Leydig cells. (cid:226) -HSD-1, but not (cid:226) culture for periods of 1, 2, 5 and 6 days. Enzyme activity was assessed with addition of [ 3 H]corticosterone and [ 3 H]11-dehydro-corticosterone respectively, and estimation of the production of steroid product per 250 000 cells over 3 h. Note the marked predominance of 11 (cid:226) -reductase throughout the period of culture.
Classification of 1D and 2D EEG Signals for Seizure Detection in the Newborn Using Convolutional Neural Networks

Unlike adults, neonates do not always show clinical symptoms during seizures. Therefore, uncontrolled seizures lead to severe brain damage. Timely recognition of seizures plays a crucial role for neonates. In this study, a deep transfer learning approach was proposed for automatic detection of seizures on the C4-P4 channel using electroencephalography (EEG) signals from neonates. The EEG signals were used in 1D and 2D dimensions to ensure performance, robust functionality, and a clinically acceptable level of detection accuracy. The pre-trained deep learning models Alexnet, ResNet, GoogleNet and VggNet were used in the study. Spectrograms were obtained by converting 1-dimensional signal data into 2-dimensional images, and then classification was performed for both the 1D and 2D datasets. For 1D classification, the highest performance was obtained by VggNet architecture with 91.67%, while 2D classification was obtained by AlexNet and ResNet architecture with 95.83%. The use of spectrograms significantly improved classification performance and made neonatal seizure detection and decision-making more clinically reliable.
Physical Layer Encryption for UAV-to-Ground Communications

Ensuring secure and reliable wireless communication is crucial for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) applications. Most of the prior works on secure UAV-to-Ground (U2G) communications focus on trajectory and/or power optimization to ensure that the desired U2G channel is stronger than an eavesdropping channel. In this paper we propose a novel physical layer encryption method that performs symbol and/or constellation hiding for secure U2G communications. Unlike prior works on symbol and/or constellation hiding which aimed at specific detection algorithms by adversaries, our method exploits the secrecy inherent in the reciprocal channel between an UAV and a desired ground station (GS), and is hence in principle robust against any eavesdropping attack algorithms including deep machine learning. Given a pair of estimated reciprocal channel vectors (ERCVs) with a limited dimension at UAV and GS respectively, our method first uses a continuous encryption function (CEF) to transform the two ERCVs at UAV and GS respectively into two sequences of quasi-continuous pseudo-random numbers (QCPRNs) of any desired dimension. Robust to a range of statistical distributions of ERCVs, these QCPRNs follow approximately a known statistical distribution and hence can be further transformed into two sequences of uniformly dis-tributed (UD) QCPRNs. The UD-QCPRNs generated at UAV are superimposed by UAV in a modulo fashion onto its transmitted symbols, and the UD-QCPRNs generated at GS are used for decryption at GS. This paper also studies the impact of the difference between the two ERCVs along with other noises on the performance of the desired U2G channel.
Siena's Incident Stream System SISS

This paper discusses our work and participation in the Text Retrieval Conference (TREC) Incident Streams track (IS) of 2021. The mass adoption of mobile internet-enabled devices paired with wide-spread use of social media platforms for communication and coordination has created new ways for the public on-the-ground to contact response services. With the rise of social media, emergency service operators are now expected to monitor those channels and answer questions from the public. However, they do not have adequate tools or manpower to effectively monitor social media, due to the large volume of information posted on these platforms and the need to categorize, cross-reference and verify that information. The TREC Incident Streams (TREC-IS) track aims to provide a base for research to tackle this technology gap. TREC-IS was designed to bring together academia and industry to research technologies to automatically process social media streams during emergency situations with the aim of categorizing information and aid requests made on social media for emergency service operators. Given a corpus of tweets for a set of emergency events, participants are required to categorize each tweet into its information type, i.e. Request-Search & Rescue, Report-Weather, CallToAction-Volunteer , etc. and its level of criticality. This paper discusses our work and submission to TREC-IS 2021.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT TEAM

The necessity of finding the connection between the planning, decision making, actions and results create project management interest to an evaluation of the project team performance. By analyzing the team performance, determining successful projects and assessing results, members of such project will have the necessary information to avoid failures, to monitor the progress, to compare similar projects and move to defined goals. The objective of this paper is to provide guidelines for evaluation of the project team performance in the software development project. This paper summarizes measures for evaluation of the team performance, an evaluation objectives and it benefits as well as factors that may have an influence on the team performance. Demonstration example of the guideline usage has been provided.
Literature review of baseline information to support the risk assessment of RNAi‐based GM plants

This report is the outcome of an EFSA procurement aiming at investigating and summarising the state of knowledge on (I) the mode-of-action of dsRNA and miRNA pathways, (II) the potential for nontarget gene regulation by dsRNA-derived siRNAs or miRNAs, (III) the determination of siRNA pools in plant tissues and the importance of individual siRNAs for silencing. The report is based on a comprehensive and systematic literature search, starting with the identification and retrieval of~190,000 publications related to the research area and further filtered down with keywords to produce focused collections used for subsequent screening of titles and abstracts. The report is comprised of an (I) Introduction to the field of small RNAs, (II) a Data and Methodologies section containing strategies used for literature search and study selection, and (III) the Results of the literature review organized according to the three main procurement tasks. The outcome of the first task reviews dsRNA and miRNA pathways in mammals (including humans), birds, fish, arthropods, annelids, molluscs, nematodes, and plants. Eight taxon-dedicated chapters are based on ~1,400 cumulative references chosen from ~10,000 inspected titles and abstracts. We review conserved and divergent aspects of small RNA pathways and dsRNA responses in animals and plants including structure and function of key proteins as well as four basic mechanisms: genome-encoded posttranscriptional regulations (miRNA), degradation of RNAs by short interfering RNA pools generated from long dsRNA (RNAi), transcriptional silencing, and sequence-independent responses to dsRNA. The outcome of the second task focuses on base pairing between small RNAs and their target RNAs and predictability of biological effects of small RNAs in animals and plants. The outcome of the last task reviews methodology, siRNA pools, and movement of small RNAs in plants. Potential transfer of small RNAs between species and circulating miRNAs in mammals is described in the final chapter. © European Food Safety Authority, 2017
Understanding drivers of inter-population variation in the gut microbiomes of sister species of dung beetles

Despite its importance in host physiology, how the microbiome varies within and among populations of hosts is not well understood. However, differential abiotic and biotic selection pressures across a species’ range likely lead to variation in the microbiome. In addition, symbiotic microbiota may differ more between closely-related species in sympatry than in allopatry if selection favors the reduction of interspecific competition. We investigated variation in the maternally-transmitted, beneficial gut microbiomes of Phanaeus vindex and P. difformis, sister species of dung beetle that compete for the same resources in sympatry and occur across a wide range of climatic conditions that may affect their gut microbiota. We sampled and sequenced bacterial/archaeal 16S rDNA from guts of P. difformis and P. vindex collected across 17 sympatric and allopatric sites, exploring how climatic data, soil microbial diversity, distance between sites, and sympatry or allopatry predicted the observed patterns of gut microbial variation. Gut microbial communities were best predicted by spatial relationships among sampling locations, the abundance of cattle in the sampling area, and temperature and precipitation. Contrary to our hypotheses, we did not find that the gut microbial communities of P. vindex and P. difformis differed more in sympatry than in allopatry, nor that P. vindex exhibits greater turnover in the gut microbiome among populations. However, we found that the gut microbiome communities of P. vindex and P. difformis both shift between allopatry and sympatry, and that the gut microbiome of P. vindex likely experiences a greater shift. While more research is needed, it is possible that differences in their gut microbiomes allow P. vindex and P. difformis to more effectively partition their niches in sympatry. Our work argues for further exploration of the gut microbiome’s potential role in niche partitioning and local adaptation.
BREAKING NEWS FROM GENOME-LEVEL ECOLOGY: NOT EVERYTHING THAT IS A DARWINIAN INDIVIDUAL SHOULD BE SCIENTIFICALLY REGARDED AS SUCH

: When evolutionary thinking is extended to some novel domain – be it cancer cells, human culture, or ecological communities – a popular opening question is whether the focal entities qualify as Darwinian individuals. This term originally applied to entities that form interacting populations that exhibit heritable variation in traits that differentially impact reproduction (Godfrey-Smith 2009). However, in recent years, the conditions for Darwinian individuality have been expanded to include ecological communities or even entire ecosystems (Bouchard 2011, Doolittle 2013, Doolittle and Inkpen 2018). A central worry with this strategy is that it encourages researchers to posit adaptations where none in fact exist. As an alternative to Darwinian individualism, I outline an eco-evo partitioning framework that distinguishes purely ecological from purely historical influences on populations of ecological communities. On this view, a Darwinian explanation is warranted only in cases where there is empirical evidence for an interaction between both ecological and evolutionary factors. Otherwise, a more idealized mode of explanation – either in terms of pure ecology or pure evolution – is more suitable.
Query Language Support for Timely Data Deletion

A key driver of modern data systems is the requirement for fast ingestion while ensuring low-latency query processing. This has led to the birth of write-optimized data stores that realize ingestion (inserts, updates, and deletes) in an out-of-place manner. Deletes in such out-of-place data stores are performed logically via invalidation while retaining the invalidated data for arbitrarily long. At the same time, with new policy changes, such as the introduction of the right to be forgotten (in EU’s GDPR), the right to delete (in California’s CCPA and CPRA), and the deletion right (in Virginia’s VCDPA), the importance of timely and persistent deletion of user data has become critical. In this paper, we point out that state-of-the-art query languages lack the necessary support to express a user’s preferences for data retention and deletion. Toward this, we first identify two classes of deletes: (i) retention-based deletion and (ii) on-demand deletion , that need to be supported for regulation compliance. Next, we present the challenges in transforming these user deletion requirements into application-level specifications. For this, we propose query language extensions that can express both on-demand and timely persistent deletion of user data. Finally, we discuss how the application and system level modifications work hand-in-hand under the privacy regulations and act as stepping stones toward designing deletion-compliant data systems .
Phase 3, multicentre, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study of camostat mesilate (FOY-305) for the treatment of COVID-19 (CANDLE study)

Background: In vitro drug-screening studies have indicated that camostat mesilate (FOY-305) may prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection into human airway epithelial cells. This study was conducted to investigate whether camostat mesilate is an effective treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19). Methods: This was a phase 3, multicentre, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study. Patients were enrolled if they were admitted to a hospital within 5 days of onset of COVID-19 symptoms or within 5 days of a positive test for asymptomatic patients. Severe cases (e.g., those requiring oxygenation/ventilation) were excluded. Patients were administered camostat mesilate (600 mg qid; four to eight times higher than the clinical doses in Japan) or placebo for up to 14 days. The primary efficacy endpoint was the time to the first two consecutive negative tests for SARS-CoV-2. Findings: One-hundred and fifty-five patients were randomised to receive camostat mesilate (n=78) or placebo (n=77). The median time to the first test was 11 days in both groups, and conversion to negative status was observed in 60.8% and 63.5% of patients in the camostat mesilate and placebo groups, respectively. The primary (Bayesian) and secondary (frequentist) analyses found no significant differences in the primary endpoint between the two groups. No additional safety concerns beyond those already known for camostat mesilate were identified. Interpretation: Camostat mesilate is no more effective, based on upper airway viral clearance, than placebo for treating patients with mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection with or without symptoms. Funding: Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
Demonstration of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, neutralizing or binding, in seroconversion panels after mRNA-1273, BNT-162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S vaccine administration.

Seroconversion panels were collected before and after vaccination with three COVID-19 vaccines: two mRNA vaccines (mRNA-1273 and BNT-162b2) and one adenovirus vector vaccine (Ad26.COV2.S). The panels were tested for antibody activity by chemiluminescent immunoassay, ELISA and one was tested in a pseudovirus neutralization assay. Participants positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies before vaccination (18.6%) had a higher response to the first vaccine dose than participants who tested negative. For two-dose vaccines, older participants showed a lower response to the first dose than younger participants. All participants showed positive antibody responses after the second vaccine. For the adenovirus vector vaccine, two participants did not generate antibody responses two weeks and two months after vaccination. Three participants were negative at two weeks but positive at two months. Pseudovirus neutralization showed good correlation with antibody activity (correlation coefficient =0.78, p<0.0001). Antibody responses in participants over 45 years old tended to be less robust.
FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 5 (FXYD5) silencing promotes cell viability and alleviates inflammatory response in cerulein-induced AR42J cells by blocking JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway

ABSTRACT Acute pancreatitis (AP), which causes severe morbidity and mortality, is a heavy burden for people clinically and financially. This study was designed to explore the mechanism of AP and try to find effective therapies against AP. The expression of FXYD5 was interfered by performing transfection. RT-qPCR and Western blot were utilized to measure FXYD5 expression. In addition, the viability, apoptosis and inflammatory response were evaluated using CCK-8, TUNEL and ELISA, respectively. Moreover, Western blot was employed to measure the expressions of apoptosis-, inflammation- and signaling pathway-related proteins. FXYD5 was found to be overexpressed in AP patients and AP cell model. The results showed that in cerulein-induced AR42J cells, cell viability was remarkably increased, and apoptosis was inhibited compared to the normal FXYD5-expressing group because FXYD5 was downregulated. Similarly, in such cells, interference with FXYD5 significantly suppressed the inflammatory response. In addition, Western blot analysis revealed that JAK2/STAT3 signaling was also strongly inhibited by FXYD5 interference. However, the effect of FXYD5 downregulation was reversed upon simultaneous activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling. In conclusion, downregulation of FXYD5 could promote cell viability and alleviate inflammatory response in cerulein-induced AP via blocking JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
Explaining the pattern of childbearing behaviors in couples: Protocol for a focused ethnographic study

BACKGROUND: One of the most basic life events is fertility or reproduction, which, although known as a social phenomenon, is a complex and multidimensional concept with economic, cultural, political, and religious significance. The present study aims to explain the pattern of childbearing behaviors in couples. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a focused ethnographic qualitative research. Participants of this study will be 20–35 years old couples who, using purposeful sampling method, will be selected from comprehensive health centers, ultrasound centers, laboratories, premarital counseling centers, offices of obstetricians and midwives, universities, shopping centers, cinemas, parks, restaurants, and entertainment centers in Isfahan, Iran. Sampling will continue considering the strategy of maximum variation in terms of age, occupation, education, and economic status until data saturation is reached. Data will be collected through semi-structured and in-depth individual interviews, focus group discussions, observation, field notes, daily notes, and document analysis. Simultaneous with data collection, the data will be analyzed using the thematic analysis method based on Braun and Clarke's approach. CONCLUSION: This present study is expected to lead to a deep understanding and identification of the attitudes, beliefs, and values of couples with regard to childbearing. Moreover, by understanding the pattern of childbearing behaviors of couples, useful information will be provided to the policymakers and planners for effective planning in the field of healthy childbearing. The findings can also be used in reproductive health counseling for newly married couples and community-based interventions.