Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF PARENTING STYLES ON ADOLESCENT DELINQUENCY IN DELTA CENTRAL SENATORIAL DISTRICT

The study investigated the influence of parenting styles on adolescents’ delinquency. 404 sample sizes were used for the study. 6 research questions and 6 research hypotheses were designed and formulated for the purpose of the study. Regression statistic was used for the analyses of the study. Irrespective of gender, location and age, the results of the analyses show that lassair-faire parenting style effectively predicts adolescents’ delinquency while authoritarian and authoritative did not. Parents who are positively oriented in their styles (demandingess and responsiveness) will make their adolescents socially competent and goal – directed. Parents who exerted control and monitored adolescent activities and promoted self-autonomy were found to have the most positive effects on adolescents’ behaviour. Uninvolving parents and also non responsive to adolescents needs had negative impacts on their behaviour.
Pharmaceutical Co-crystals - an Update

The use of co-crystal technology in active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) crystallizations is as an enabling technology to bring improved pharmaceutical products to the marketplace as well as for improved drug delivery. Pharmaceutical co-crystals represent a hopeful class of pharmaceutical materials offering the prospect of better alternatives to optimize drug physical properties and biopharmaceutical issues such as solubility, stability and bioavailability in pharmaceutical development without changing the chemical composition of the API, thereby, giving new patentable solid forms. Various applications of pharmaceutical co-crystals also include chiral resolution. Dissociation of the API from its excipient in co-crystals prior to reaching the site of action is desirable for pharmacological activity. The crystalline solid forms with improved physical properties may impact the pharmaceutical intellectual property landscape.
Breastfeeding Knowledge and Attitudes amongst Health Workers in a Health Care Facility in South-South Nigeria: the Need for Middle Level Health Manpower Development

This cross-sectional study was designed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of health workers in South- South Nigeria using a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire completed by 36 respondents. Majority (69.4%) of participants were community health offi- cers/community health extension workers (CHO/CHEW). Findings indicate that human milk was acceptable to 97.2% of participating health workers. All participants approved of exclusive breastfeeding and giving colostrum to newborns. However, 8.3% identified 6 months and 83.3% indicated 4-6 months. Only 36.1% knew that breastfeeding should last for a period of 2 years and beyond. One third of the respondents could not name more than two components of breast milk and 75.1% failed to identify more than three advantages of breastfeeding. Disturbingly, mental retardation (11.1%), diarrheal disease (2.8%) and failure to thrive (16.7%) were some of the disadvantages of breastfeeding identified. This study illus- trates substantial and unacceptable knowledge gaps among frontline cadres of health workers. Immediate training and continuing medical education of health workers aimed at bridging these gaps, will help improve newborn health.
Interannual variability of surface water extent at the global scale, 1993–2004

[1] Land surface waters play a primary role in the global water cycle and climate. As a consequence, there is a widespread demand for accurate and long-term quantitative observations of their distribution over the whole globe. This study presents the first global data set that quantifies the monthly distribution of surface water extent at ∼25 km sampling intervals over 12 years (1993–2004). These estimates, generated from complementary multiple-satellite observations, including passive (Special Sensor Microwave Imager) and active (ERS scatterometer) microwaves along with visible and near-infrared imagery (advanced very high-resolution radiometer; AVHRR), were first developed over 1993–2000. The ERS encountered technical problems in 2001 and the processing scheme had to be adapted to extend the time series. Here we investigate and discuss the adjustments of the methodology, compare the various options, and show that the data set can be extended with good confidence beyond 2000, using ERS and AVHRR mean monthly climatologies. In addition to a large seasonal and interannual variability, the new results show a slight overall decrease in global inundated area between 1993 and 2004, representing an ∼5.7% reduction of the mean annual maximum in 12 years. The decrease is mainly observed in the tropics during the 1990s. Over inland water bodies and large river basins, we assess the variability of the surface water extent against related variables such as in situ river discharges, altimeter-derived and in situ river/floodplain water level heights, and precipitation estimates. This new 12 year data set of global surface water extent represents an unprecedented source of information for future hydrological or methane modeling.
The ionized gas in the CALIFA early-type galaxies I. Mapping two representative cases: NGC 6762 and NGC 5966

As part of the ongoing CALIFA survey, we have conducted a thorough bidimensional analysis of the ionized gas in two E/S0 galaxies, NGC 6762 and NGC 5966, aiming to shed light on the nature of their warm ionized ISM. Specifically, we present optical (3745–7300 A) integral field spectroscopy obtained with the PMAS/PPAK integral field spectrophotometer. Its wide field-of-view (1′ × 1′) covers the entire optical extent of each galaxy down to faint continuum surface brightnesses. To recover the nebular lines, we modeled and subtracted the underlying stellar continuum from the observed spectra using the STARLIGHT spectral synthesis code. The pure emission-line spectra were used to investigate the gas properties and determine the possible sources of ionization. We show the advantages of IFU data in interpreting the complex nature of the ionized gas in NGC 6762 and NGC 5966. In NGC 6762, the ionized gas and stellar emission display similar morphologies, while the emission line morphology is elongated in NGC 5966, spanning ~6 kpc, and is oriented roughly orthogonal to the major axis of the stellar continuum ellipsoid. Whereas gas and stars are kinematically aligned in NGC 6762, the gas is kinematically decoupled from the stars in NGC 5966. A decoupled rotating disk or an “ionization cone” are two possible interpretations of the elongated ionized gas structure in NGC 5966. The latter would be the first “ionization cone” of such a dimension detected within a weak emission-line galaxy. Both galaxies have weak emission-lines relative to the continuum[EW(Hα) ≲ 3 A] and have very low excitation, log([OIII]λ5007/Hβ) ≲ 0.5. Based on optical diagnostic ratios ([OIII]λ5007/Hβ, [NII]λ6584/Hα, [SII]λ6717, 6731/Hα, [OI]λ6300/Hα), both objects contain a LINER nucleus and an extended LINER-like gas emission. The emission line ratios do not vary significantly with radius or aperture, which indicates that the nebular properties are spatially homogeneous. The gas emission in NGC 6762 can be best explained by photoionization by pAGB stars without the need of invoking any other excitation mechanism. In the case of NGC 5966, the presence of a nuclear ionizing source seems to be required to shape the elongated gas emission feature in the “ionization cone” scenario, although ionization by pAGB stars cannot be ruled out. Further study of this object is needed to clarify the nature of its elongated gas structure.
On the discriminant of a hyperelliptic curve

The minimal discriminant of a hyperelliptic curve is defined and used to generalize much of the arithmetic theory of elliptic curves. Over number fields this leads to a higher genus version of Szpiro's Conjecture. Analytically, the discriminant is shown to be related to Siegel modular forms of higher degree.
Improving performance of mobile ad hoc networks using efficient Tactical On Demand Distance Vector (TAODV) routing algorithm

Ad hoc network is a group of wireless mobile computers (or nodes), in which individual nodes cooperate by forwarding packets for each other to allow nodes to commu- nicate beyond direct wireless transmission range. Previous research in ad hoc networking has generally studied the routing problem in a non-adversarial setting by assuming a trusted environment. In this paper, we present the design and performance evaluation of a new efficient on demand routing protocol for mobile ad-hoc networks. Up till now many routing algorithms have been proposed to solve the routing problem in mobile ad- hoc networks so it is difficult to compare the performance of different routing protocols qualitatively as there are many parameters that affect the performance of network. This paper presents that the proposed on demand routing algorithm performs better in mobile ad-hoc environment than other traditional algorithms. The proposed TAODV algorithm performs better for solving routing problems in Mobile Ad Hoc networks. It also describes the design of a novel on-demand routing algorithm. Most of the proposed algorithms use a blind ooding technique during the route discovery process. This method is inefficient and creates excessive routing overhead. To overcome this problem, the proposed routing protocol uses a query localization technique that signi�cantly reduces the network traffic and increases the performance of network. The simulation results clearly show that pro- posed on demand routing protocol is more efficient and scalable than existing ones. Keywords: Ad hoc on demand distance vector routing, Mobile ad hoc network, Po- sitional communication systems, Query localization technique, Tactical on demand dis- tance vector (TAODV) and wireless networks
Ecohydrological characterization of a groundwater‐fed alluvial floodplain mire

In a small alluvial floodplain depression (21 ha) of the river Dijle, a selection of 56 characteristic, mainly groundwater-depending plant species was mapped using a regular 20 by 20 m square cell mapping grid. In order to understand the spatial distribution of the plant species and their vegetation types, several environmental variables, in- cluding groundwater regime, groundwater chemistry, soil tex- ture, soil chemical composition and management type were measured in detail.
Design of Smart Urban Lighting by Using Social Sustainability Approach

Creating cities, objects and spaces that are economically, environmentally and socially sustainable and which meet the challenge of social interaction and generation change will be one of the biggest tasks of designers. Social sustainability is about how individuals, communities and societies live with each other and set out to achieve the objectives of development model which they have chosen for themselves. Urban lightning as one of the most important elements of urban furniture that people constantly interact with it in public spaces; can be a significant object for designers. Using intelligence by internet of things for urban lighting makes it more interactive in public environments. It can encourage individuals to carry out appropriate behaviors and provides them the social awareness through new interactions. The greatest strength of this technology is its strong impact on many aspects of everyday life and users' behaviors. The analytical phase of the research is based on a multiple method survey strategy. Smart lighting proposed in this paper is an urban lighting designed on results obtained from a collective point of view about the social sustainability. In this paper, referring to behavioral design methods, the social behaviors of the people has been studied. Data show that people demands for a deeper experience of social participation, safety perception and energy saving with the meaningful use of interactive and colourful lighting effects. By using intelligent technology, some suggestions are provided in the field of future lighting to consider the new forms of social sustainability. Keywords—Behavior model, internet of things, social sustainability, urban lighting.
Moderating the Effect of Supervisor Support on Work-to-Family Conflict and Burnout Relationship

Abstract Nursing shortage is a serious problem in Taiwan. The objective of this paper is to investigate the role of supervisor support (SS) in the work-to-family conflict (WFC) and burnout relationship that impacts the professional commitment (PC) amongst nurses. Self-reporting data was collected from 410 nurses. A confirmed factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the validity of dimensions. A hierarchical regression analysis (HRA) and the correlation matrix were used to test the hypotheses. The collected data shows that SS strongly moderates WFCburnout relationship after HRA analysis. The moderating effects of SS suggest that through SS, WFC’s impacts on burnout diminish, and thus SS enhances PC of nurses. It avoids high turnover in the nursing profession. The results conclude that the supervisors of nurses should take the initiative to identify which nurse under supervision is facing a WFC problem, and support her to avoid the nurse’s burnout, and thus reduce nurse turnover rate.
Density Functional Study of Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes with Carbenes

DFT calculations have been performed on the interactions of carbon nanotubes and carbenes, in order to perform a comparative study of the sidewall functionalization of the two classes of nanotubes, i.e. armchair and zigzag. The systematic investigation of cycloaddition of both zigzag and armchair carbon nanotubes with :CX2 (where X = H, F, Cl, Br, I) has been undertaken. The models selected for zigzag and armchair CNT are (10,0) and (6,6), respectively, since they have comparative radii (~8 A). The bond lengths and binding energies of products are analysed in great detail. The band gaps of these non periodic structures are investigated and correlated with the electronic behavior of 'armchair' and 'zigzag' nanotubes. Our results also confirm the previous studies that armchair nanotubes are thermodynamically more stable than zigzag nanotubes. On comparison of armchair carbon nanotubes with zigzag nanotubes, it is found that trends towards carbenic reactivity are the same in both the cases. The dependence of addition of carbenes on the diameter of the carbon nanotubes is also investigated. The models used for nanotubes in this study range from (3,3) to (10,10). Their reactions with :CH2 have been studied with first principles DFT calculations. An attempt to rationalize the diameter effects is made on the basis of the structures of the nanotubes. It seems that diameter dependence of the reactivity is because of different pyramidalization and π-orbital misalignment angles in different carbon nanotubes. This leads to higher local strain for tubes of smaller diameter that can be partially relaxed by sidewall addition.
Molecular Simulation of Reaction Mechanism for Hemicellulose Model Compound during Chlorine Dioxide Bleaching

D-xylose, a hemicellulose model compound, was oxidized by chlorine dioxide under simulated bleaching conditions, and the mechanism of this reaction was investigated. The final reaction product, chloroacetic acid, was detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). To study the generating mechanism of chloroacetic acid by D-xylose during chlorine dioxide bleaching, three reaction pathways were designed. The results showed that the biggest heat of reaction, -234.33 kJ/mol, and the minimum reaction activation energy, 44.44 kJ/mol, appeared for one of the candidate pathways (no. 2). That pathway was thermodynamically more favored. Xylitol was generated by D-xylose degradation, and then chloroacetic acid was generated by a series of oxidation, fracture, and substitution reactions on xylitol.
Dynamic Pricing and Inventory Management with Regular and Expedited Supplies

We consider a periodic‐review inventory system with regular and expedited supply modes. The expedited supply is faster than the regular supply but incurs a higher cost. Demand for the product in each period is random and sensitive to its selling price. The firm determines its order quantity from each supply in each period as well as its selling price to maximize the expected total discounted profit over a finite or an infinite planning horizon. We show that, in each period if it is optimal to order from both supplies, the optimal inventory policy is determined by two state‐independent thresholds, one for each supply mode, and a list price is set for the product; if only the regular supply is used, the optimal policy is a state‐dependent base‐stock policy, that is, the optimal base‐stock level depends on the starting inventory level, and the optimal selling price is a markdown price that decreases with the starting inventory level. We further study the operational impact of such supply diversification and show that it increases the firm's expected profit, reduces the optimal safety‐stock levels, and lowers the optimal selling price. Thus that diversification is beneficial to both the firm and its customers. Building upon these results, we conduct a numerical study to assess and compare the respective benefit of dynamic pricing and supply diversification.
Antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of strawberry tree tissues

Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) belongs to the Ericaceae family and is endemic to the Mediterranean area. Its fruits are edible and its fruits and leaves are used in folk medicine for diverse purposes. Previous studies have shown that the fruits are rich in flavonoids, responsible for their antioxidant properties and compounds isolated from the entire plant were promising in cancer chemopreventive therapy. Strawberry tree fruits and leaves extracts enriched in polyphenols, but devoid of organic acids, carotenoids and sugars, were prepared by solid phase extraction (SPE) and tested for their antioxidant activities and their ability to inhibit metalloproteinases: attributes that could be related with initiation and proliferation of cancer cells. After fractionation by SPE, the apparent polyphenol yield was reduced for both leaf and fruit samples by the elimination of vitamins and organic acids, but the antioxidant and metalloproteinases inhibitory activities were potentiated. The antioxidant activity and the MMP-9 inhibitory activity of the polyphenol-enriched fractions of A. unedo tissues were similar or higher than those of blackberry and green tea, which have been recognized in the literature as highly effective. The phenolic profile of the fruit was dominated by gallic acid and quercetin derivatives with smaller amounts of proanthocyani- dins and anthocyanins. The phenolic profile of the leaves was also dominated by gallic acid derivatives, flavonol derivatives and some tannins but lacked anthocyanins. The fractions obtained from both strawberry tree tissues seem to be quite promising as antioxidants and antiproliferative agents. Further cell-based assays are underway to study these possible outcomes.
Niklas Luhmann and Cybernetics

Even though Niklas Luhmann himself never declared his own approach as a cybernetic one, and even if the relationship between systems theory and cybernetics is still not clearly defined in every way, it seems to be legitimate to classify Luhmann's Theory of Social Systems into the field of cybernetics approaches, more precisely as a socio-cybernetic one. Beside the concept of autopoiesis by Maturana and Varela there are various systems thinkers and cyberneticists like Wiener, Ashby, Shannon, Bateson, von Foerster who influenced Luhmanns work deeply. Certainly he fits the cybernetic principles into his theory rather idiosyncratically and partly after some significant revisions, but one can argue that Luhmann's Theorie of Social Systems is the conclusion of a confrontation of the mayor issues of cybernetic discourse with the European philosophical tradition. In the following article it is discussed the question in what extent we can include Luhmann's work into the cybernetic tradition. Which are the significant connection-points between cybernetics and Luhmann's work? What is the relevance of this connection for Luhmanns own theoretical development? Which are the congruences and which are the differences? To what extent is Luhmann's Theory of Social Systems even though his critical distance - integrable into the spectrum of the approaches of ``New Cybernetic'' (as Geyer & van der Zouwen formulated in 1986)? After a short discussion on what is characterizing a theory as a cybernetic one, the article reconstructs Luhmann's critical debate on the most important theoretical problems of cybernetics and finally it will sketch out Luhmanns answer to this debate, which he gives in his own concepts. For Luhmann the fascination of cybernetics consists in explaining the problem of constancy and invariance of systems in a highly complex and dynamical world by observing communication processes. This makes cybernetics to a definitive non-ontological approach and brings it near to the functionalistic sociology.
ASSESSMENT OF DNA VARIATIONS OF THE NOBLE CRAYFISH (ASTACUS ASTACUS L.) IN GERMANY AND POLAND USING INTER-SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS (ISSRS)

Conservation of the endangered noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) requires preservation of existing populations and reintroduction into suitable habitats, as currently underway in several regional projects in Germany and Poland. Therefore, knowledge about the genetic variation between populations is vital but, unfortunately, still restricted. By means of ISSR-PCR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats - Polymerase Chain Reaction) eight stocks in Germany and Poland were analysed. These semi-arbitrary multiloci markers had not previously been used in population studies of the noble crayfish. A total of 22 unambiguous and polymorphic markers were detected to use in the subsequent statistical analysis. The number of polymorphic loci in one population ranged from 4 to 19. Therefore the ISSR markers proved suitable for assessing within- and between-population DNA variations and establishing significant separation of most of the stocks. Shannon´s Index, a relative estimate of genetic diversity within populations, ranged from 0.06 to 0.51. UPGMA cluster analysis based on pairwise ROGERS’ (1972) genetic distance revealed two main clusters corresponding to populations sampled in the western and eastern part of the study area. Results are relevant on the local, regional and supra-regional (landscape) level. The implications for conservational management and restocking programs are presented.
AN EFFICIENT METHOD FOR AUTOMATIC ROAD EXTRACTION BASED ON MULTIPLE FEATURES FROM LiDAR DATA

Abstract. The road extraction in urban areas is difficult task due to the complicated patterns and many contextual objects. LiDAR data directly provides three dimensional (3D) points with less occlusions and smaller shadows. The elevation information and surface roughness are distinguishing features to separate roads. However, LiDAR data has some disadvantages are not beneficial to object extraction, such as the irregular distribution of point clouds and lack of clear edges of roads. For these problems, this paper proposes an automatic road centerlines extraction method which has three major steps: (1) road center point detection based on multiple feature spatial clustering for separating road points from ground points, (2) local principal component analysis with least squares fitting for extracting the primitives of road centerlines, and (3) hierarchical grouping for connecting primitives into complete roads network. Compared with MTH (consist of Mean shift algorithm, Tensor voting, and Hough transform) proposed in our previous article, this method greatly reduced the computational cost. To evaluate the proposed method, the Vaihingen data set, a benchmark testing data provided by ISPRS for “Urban Classification and 3D Building Reconstruction” project, was selected. The experimental results show that our method achieve the same performance by less time in road extraction using LiDAR data.