Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression of miRNA-601 and PD-L1 among Iranian Patients with Lung Cancer and Their Relationship with Smoking and Mycoplasma Infection

Objective microRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved noncoding RNA molecules that mainly function to regulate gene expressions, and have a significant role in tumourigenesis. Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a major co-inhibitory checkpoint signal that controls T cell activities, maintains peripheral tolerance and is contribute to the development of cancer. The aim of this study is to examine miRNA-601 and PD-L1 gene expression in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its relation with Mycoplasma infection. Materials and Methods In this case-control study, respiratory secretions and blood samples were collected from 80 healthy people and 80 NSCLC patients. The expression levels of miRNA-601 and PD-L1 were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The presence of Mycoplasma species in respiratory secretions was detected by biochemical assays and PCR. Results There was no significant difference in the expression level of miRNA-601 between control and patients with tumour stage I, but miRNA-601 expression was significantly downregulated in patients with tumour stages II, III, and IV (P<0.05). A significant, negative relationship was found between miRNA-601 expression and tumour stage (P<0.001). Overexpression of PD-L1 was found in all of the disease stages. PCR results showed the presence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) in respiratory secretions from patients with stages III and IV NSCLC. We observed that 72% of patients with stages III and IV NSCLC had a positive smoking history and 65.3% were positive for Mycoplasma. Conclusion Serum miRNA-601 may act as a potential noninvasive biomarker for lung cancer and Mycoplasma infection prognosis.
Ablation of microRNAs in VIP+ interneurons impairs olfactory discrimination and decreases neural activity in the olfactory bulb

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are abundantly expressed in vasoactive intestinal peptide expressing (VIP+) interneurons and are indispensable for their functional maintenance and survival. Here, we blocked miRNA biogenesis in postmitotic VIP+ interneurons in mice by selectively ablating Dicer, an enzyme essential for miRNA maturation, to study whether ablation of VIP+ miRNA affects olfactory function and neural activity in olfactory centres such as the olfactory bulb, which contains a large number of VIP+ interneurons.
Predictive and Therapeutic Implications of a Novel PLCγ1/SHP2-Driven Mechanism of Cetuximab Resistance in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Abstract Purpose: Cetuximab is an EGFR-targeted therapy approved for the treatment of RAS wild-type (WT) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, about 60% of these patients show innate resistance to cetuximab. To increase cetuximab efficacy, it is crucial to successfully identify responder patients, as well as to develop new therapeutic approaches to overcome cetuximab resistance. Experimental Design: We evaluated the value of EGFR effector phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCγ1) in predicting cetuximab responses, by analyzing progression-free survival (PFS) of a multicentric retrospective cohort of 94 treated patients with mCRC (log-rank test and Cox regression model). Furthermore, we used in vitro and zebrafish xenotransplant models to identify and target the mechanism behind PLCγ1-mediated resistance to cetuximab. Results: In this study, levels of PLCγ1 were found increased in RAS WT tumors and were able to predict cetuximab responses in clinical samples and in vitro and in vivo models. Mechanistically, PLCγ1 expression was found to bypass cetuximab-dependent EGFR inhibition by activating ERK and AKT pathways. This novel resistance mechanism involves a noncatalytic role of PLCγ1 SH2 tandem domains in the propagation of downstream signaling via SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2). Accordingly, SHP2 inhibition sensitizes PLCγ1-resistant cells to cetuximab. Conclusions: Our discoveries reveal the potential of PLCγ1 as a predictive biomarker for cetuximab responses and suggest an alternative therapeutic approach to circumvent PLCγ1-mediated resistance to cetuximab in patients with RAS WT mCRC. In this way, this work contributes to the development of novel strategies in the medical management and treatment of patients with mCRC.
Mode of uterine milk secretion in the white shark

Examination of the uterus of a dead female white shark (Carcharodon carcharias), which contained the earliest known white shark embryos, revealed that the uterine wall produces lipid‐rich secretion (histotroph or “uterine milk”) for embryonic nutrition. Uterine tissue was processed for light and electron microscopy, and immunohistochemical techniques to identify its secretory mechanism. Our results indicate that the white shark uterus secretes lipids via holocrine secretion. This type of secretion is characterized by the release of large lipid droplets accumulated in the epithelial cells into the uterine lumen through cell disintegration. The secretory epithelium of the uterus is stratified, and new surface epithelial cells are continuously supplied from deeper epithelial layers to replace the dead secretory cells at the surface. This vertical replacement possibly facilitates the active renewal of the surface epithelium, which is necessary for maintaining holocrine secretory mechanisms. These secretory mechanisms are different from those of myliobatiform stingrays, another elasmobranch taxon that exhibits lipid histotrophy. This may reflect the different origins of lipid histotrophy between these taxa.
Lung function decline in relation to COVID-19 in the general population: a matched cohort study with pre-pandemic assessment of lung function

Abstract Objective To quantify the potential decline in dynamic lung volumes following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the general population. Methods A prospective matched cohort study of adult Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS) participants with a pre-pandemic spirometry available. CGPS individuals with a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test performed a repeat spirometry, a questionnaire regarding respiratory symptoms and a diffusing capacity test for carbon monoxide. A matched uninfected CGPS control sample was used, and simple regression and linear mixed effect models were computed to study lung function decline. Results A total of 606 were included. 92/107 (85.9%) of individuals with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test experienced COVID-19 symptoms and 12 (11.2%) were hospitalized. Spirometry was performed at a median (interquartile range) of 5.6 (3.9-12.8) months after positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. COVID-19 was associated with an adjusted 7.3 mL (95%CI: 0.3-14.3) and 22.6 mL (95%CI: 13.1-32.0) steeper decline in annual FEV1 and FVC or a total of 113.8 and 301.3 ml lower FEV1 and FVC from baseline to follow up. Results were robust in analyses restricted to individuals not requiring hospitalization. Conclusion COVID-19 related decline of dynamic lung volumes in the general population not requiring hospitalization were small but measurable.
Longitudinal and Lateral Aerodynamic Characteristics of Aircraft with Atop Radome and Their Improvement

The longitudinal and lateral aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft with the atop radome are studied by the numerical method and the flow mechanisms for such flows are analyzed.The governing equations are Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations solved by the unstructured finite volume method.A S-A equation turbulence model is adopted.Study results show that the radome atop aircraft has large effects on longitudinal and directional stability,and makes the aircraft possible to enter roll instability.End-plates at the end of the horizontal tails are used to improve the longitudinal and lateral stability.Numerical results show that the end-plates make the aircraft improve the longitudinal and lateral instability.This research is helpful to understand the aerodynamic characteristics and flow mechanisms of the aircraft with the atop radome,and provides a reasonable reference for atop radome aircraft design.
Omalizumab and quality of life in nasal polyps: A post hoc analysis

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) reduces health-related quality of life (HRQoL), with patients reporting that symptoms of nasal congestion/obstruction, loss of sense of smell, breathing difficulties, and rhinorrhea have the greatest impact.1–4 Patientreported outcome tools used to gauge HRQoL, including the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22)5 and Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS), should be considered by physicians when evaluating treatment outcomes. Omalizumab is an anti–immunoglobulin E monoclonal antibody with demonstrated efficacy in patients with CRSwNP in replicate phase 3, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled studies (POLYP 1 [NCT03280550] and POLYP 2 [NCT03280537]). 6 To investigate effects of omalizumab therapy vs placebo on patient-reported HRQoL in further depth, we conducted a pooled analysis of patient
Distribution of RET proto‐oncogene variants in children with appendicitis

In addition to patient‐related systemic factors directing the immune response, the pathomechanisms of appendicitis (AP) might also include insufficient drainage leading to inflammation caused by decreased peristalsis. Genetic predisposition accounts for 30%–50% of AP. M. Hirschsprung (HSCR), also characterized by disturbed peristalsis, is associated with variants in the RET proto‐oncogene. We thus hypothesized that RET variants contribute to the etiology of AP.
Spatial heterogeneity and temporal stability characterize future climatic refugia in Mediterranean Europe

Climate plays a major role in shaping biodiversity patterns over time and space, with ongoing changes leading to the reorganization of ecosystems, which challenges conservation initiatives. Identifying areas that could serve as possible climate change refugia for future biodiversity is, thus, critical for both conservation and management. Here, we identify potential future climatic refugia within the Euro‐Mediterranean biome, which is a global biodiversity hotspot, while accounting for multiple emission climate change projections over the next 50 years. We developed two metrics of climatic variability: temporal stability and spatial heterogeneity. We then used a systematic conservation planning approach to identify climate‐based priority areas. While we used a climate‐based, species‐neutral methodology, we deliberately implemented low climatic velocity thresholds, so that the identified climatic refugia would even be compatible with the needs of species with low dispersal capacity, such as plants. Our projections showed that future climatic refugia would be more frequently observed in mid‐altitudes, for gradients with steep elevations, and mainly in the eastern part of the Euro‐Mediterranean biome, with possible conflicts with existing land uses and future conservation implications. Climatic, land use, and topography results indicated that only a limited number of refugia would be hosted by high elevation habitats (>1500 m), raising possible concerns about the biodiversity of Mediterranean mountain regions. Our analyses show that the current network of protected areas captures future climatic refugia disproportionally, despite their importance for safeguarding present and future biodiversity in the Mediterranean. Key climatic refugia could limit the impacts of future climate change on biodiversity in mid‐altitude and mountainous regions, and should be included in management guidelines for a climate‐ready conservation design in the Mediterranean biome.
Feasibility of distal transradial access for coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention: an observational and prospective study in a Latin-American Centre

Abstract Background Distal transradial access (dTRA) as a refinement of the conventional transradial access (TRA) has advantages in terms of risk of radial artery occlusion (RAO). In order to evaluate the real-world feasibility and safety of dTRA as the default access site for routine coronary angiography (CAG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a Latin-American centre, this prospective observational registry was conducted. Methods Consecutive patients with a prior assessment for CAG and/or PCI were enrolled in this single-centre prospective registry from October 2018 to March 2019. The primary endpoints were the success rate of CAG and PCI. Secondary endpoints included the success rate of puncture of the distal radial artery, complications at the puncture site and puncture time. Results The success rates of CAG and PCI were 100% (155/155) and 97% (69/71), respectively. Puncture time and fluoroscopic time were 52 ± 19 seconds and 16.3 ± 35.4 minutes, respectively. Haemostasis time was 142 ± 45 min. A total of 19 (12.5%) puncture site complications occurred, including 18 (11.6%) minor haematomas and one (0.6%) arterial perforation, in which the artery was patent at the one-month follow-up. Five patients complained of left thumb numbness at a one-month follow-up. No distal radial artery occlusion, pseudoaneurysm, or arteriovenous fistula occurred. Conclusions The success and complication rates of ldTRA support the feasibility and safety of this procedure using the appropriate materials in previously selected patients.
Optical frequency domain reflectometry: principles and applications in fiber optic sensing

Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (OFDR) is the basis of an emerging high-definition distributed fiber optic sensing (HD-FOS) technique that provides an unprecedented combination of resolution and sensitivity. OFDR employs swept laser interferometry to produce strain or temperature vs. sensor length with fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) or Rayleigh scatter as the source signal. We look at the influence of HD-FOS on design and test of new, lighter weight, stronger and more fuel efficient vehicles. Examples include defect detection, model verification and structural health monitoring of composites, and temperature distribution monitoring of battery packs and inverters in hybrid and electric powertrains.
Assessment of advanced clinical practitioners

ABSTRACT To continue growing the advanced clinical practitioner (ACP) role nationally, and similar roles internationally, there must be widely held trust in the level of practice and the roles worked in service by ACPs. This requires infrastructure to support ACPs through their training and ensure they are fit to qualify. This short report focuses on an evaluation of assessment processes in the acute sector in a county in England, to understand their feasibility and suitability. The qualitative research design was attendance at assessment panels and 17 semi-structured interviews with assessors and ACP trainees, from nursing, physiotherapy, paramedicine and operating department practice backgrounds based at two hospitals. Key themes identified through thematic analysis were the different approaches to assessment and the support required to engage effectively with assessment. One hospital had a well understood process, including ACPs with a clear identity. The other hospital had a credible assessment process that continues to be developed. The insights from this study enabled lessons to be drawn for those responsible for workforce development who are key to the future development of the ACP role and to ensure high standards of interprofessional care.
Response to Kunos et al. and Lotersztajn and Mallat

The authors reply: Kunos et al. (1) raise several issues that we can further clarify. We acknowledge that we could not use the TD97070 diet, which contains Primex hydrogenated vegetable shortening, a trans fat–rich mix that was discontinued in 2018. Therefore, we used the D12492 diet. The fat content in TD97070 and D12492 is 33.5% and 34.9% of calories, with a saturated fat content of 45% and 32%, respectively. A possible more important difference is that TD97070 contains 24% trans fats. Nevertheless, the cited mechanism by which the high-fat diet (HFD) increases anandamide (AEA) is that monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) generated via SCD1 activity (but not diet-derived MUFAs) function as endogenous fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors mediating HFD-induced increases in hepatic AEA, which then activates hepatic cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB-1) to induce insulin resistance (2). This is precisely why we also carried out studies using a high-sucrose diet to maximally induce SREBP-1c, SCD1, and MUFA synthesis (3, 4). Despite induction of SCD1, we found no differences between Cnr1fl/fl and Hep-Cnr1–/– mice (Figure 2 in ref. 5). This mechanism is also operational in insulin-resistant states, which leads to activation of SCD1 and MUFA synthesis (6), yet, in our study, did not induce CB-1. Regarding the genetic background, our Cnr1fl/fl mice were generated on a C57BL/6N background and backcrossed with C57BL/6J mice […]
Hyper-Rigid Phasic Organization of Hippocampal Activity But Normal Spatial Properties of CA1 Place Cells in the Ts65Dn Mouse Model of Down Syndrome

Down syndrome (DS) in humans is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 and is marked by prominent difficulties in learning and memory. Decades of research have demonstrated that the hippocampus is a key structure in learning and memory, and recent work with mouse models of DS has suggested differences in hippocampal activity that may be the substrate of these differences. One of the primary functional differences in DS is thought to be an excess of GABAergic innervation from medial septum to the hippocampus. In these experiments, we probe in detail the activity of region CA1 of the hippocampus using in vivo electrophysiology in male Ts65Dn mice compared with their male nontrisomic 2N littermates. We find the spatial properties of place cells in CA1 are normal in Ts65Dn animals. However, we find that the phasic relationship of both CA1 place cells and gamma rhythms to theta rhythm in the hippocampus is profoundly altered in these mice. Since the phasic organization of place cell activity and gamma oscillations on the theta wave are thought to play a critical role in hippocampal function, the changes we observe agree with recent findings that organization of the hippocampal network is potentially of more relevance to its function than the spatial properties of place cells. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Recent evidence has disrupted the view that spatial deficits are associated with place cell abnormalities. In these experiments, we record hippocampal place cells and local field potential from the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome, and find phenomenologically normal place cells, but profound changes in the association of place cells and gamma rhythms with theta rhythm, suggesting that the overall network state is critically important for hippocampal function. These findings also agree with evidence suggesting that excess inhibitory control is the cause of hippocampal dysfunction in Down syndrome. The findings also confirm new avenues for pharmacological treatment of Down syndrome.
Journal of Reproduction and Development

Mammalian embryos are most commonly cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen; however, liquid nitrogen is not available in special environments, such as the International Space Station (ISS), and vitrified embryos must be stored at −80°C. Recently, the high osmolarity vitrification (HOV) method was developed to cryopreserve mouse 2-cell stage embryos at −80°C; however, the appropriate embryo is currently unknown. In this study, we compared the vitrification resistance of in vivo-derived, in vitro fertilization (IVF)-derived, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)-derived mouse 2-cell embryos against cryopreservation at −80°C. The ICSI embryos had lower survival rates after warming and significantly lower developmental rates than the in vivo and IVF embryos. Further, IVF embryos had a lower survival rate after warming, but a similar rate to the in vivo embryos to full-term development. This result was confirmed by simultaneous vitrification of in vivo and IVF embryos in the same cryotube using identifiable green fluorescent protein-expressing embryos. We also evaluated the collection timing of the in vivo embryos from the oviduct and found that late 2-cell embryos had higher survival and developmental rates to full-term than early 2-cell embryos. Some early 2-cell embryos remained in the S-phase, whereas most late 2-cell embryos were in the G2-phase, which may have affected the tolerance to embryo vitrification. In conclusion, when embryos must be cryopreserved under restricted conditions, such as the ISS, in vivo fertilized embryos collected at the late 2-cell stage without long culture should be employed.
Evaluation of Uncertainty in Meter Measurement

The methodology of Evaluation and Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement(JJF 1059-1999) is applied in the paper,combined with the particular characteristics with meter measurement;the method of evaluation uncertainty in meter measurement is explained.Especially predigest in the difficultly evaluation of B kind uncertainty in season.uncertainty from standard meter,voltage drops from lead and round of error.
Immigration dynamics of tropical and subtropical Southeast Asian limestone karst floras

Ex situ origins and dispersal of taxa have played important roles in the assembly of island-like biodiversity hotspots. Insular limestone karsts in Southeast Asia are hotspots of biodiversity and endemism, but the immigration processes of their unique floras are still poorly known. Here, we used Gesneriaceae as a proxy to investigate the immigration dynamics of tropical and subtropical Southeast Asian karst floras. We present the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Old World gesneriads to date based on twelve loci. By estimating divergence times and reconstructing ancestral states (habitat, soil type and range), we found that immigration into subtropical Southeast Asian karst floras first occurred in the Early Miocene, with two peaks in the Early–Middle Miocene and the Pliocene–Early Pleistocene, whereas immigration into tropical Southeast Asian karsts initiated in the Late Eocene, with two peaks in the Late Oligocene and the Late Miocene. We also discover that Southeast Asian karst biodiversity comprises immigrant pre-adapted lineages and descendants from local acid soil ancestors, although niche shift from acid soil to karst in tropical Southeast Asian islands was lacking. This study advances our understanding of the historical assembly of Southeast Asian karst floras.
Modeling the Output Power of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells Using SVR

The output power of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC) is one of the most important elements which limit the performance of DMFC. In order to enhance performance of DMFC, it is necessary to have model to modeling the output power of DMFC. In this paper, a novel model base on Support Vector Regression (SVR) to modeling the output power of DMFC base on output current (I) and operating temperature (T). The test result is shown that the generalization ability of SVR model is high accuracy. This investigation suggests that SVR is quite satisfied used to developing a DMFC model and can be used for controlling, optimal designing and feasibility study of the DMFC system.
Synthesis, Structural, Morphological and I-V Characteristics of Polyaniline-MgCl Composite

Composite of polyaniline-MgCl has been synthesized using oxidative polymerization method. Synthesized samples were characterized for structural analysis using FTIR and XRD. Morphological studies were carried by SEM micrographs. Current-Voltage (I-V) properties are obtained through Kiethly source meter. FTIR spectrum of polyaniline-MgCl composite indicates all the characteristic peaks of polyaniline. X-ray diffraction patterns represented the amorphous nature of polyaniline-MgCl composite. SEM micrographs confirmed the presence of MgCl particles in polyaniline matrix. I-V characteristics have shown the ohmic type behavior of polyaniline and polyaniline-MgCl composite.