Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Definable orthogonality classes in accessible categories

We lower substantially the strength of the assumptions needed for the validity of certain results in category theory and homotopy theory which were known to follow from Vopěnka’s principle. We prove that the necessary large-cardinal hypotheses depend on the complexity of the formulas defining the given classes, in the sense of the Lévy hierarchy. For example, the statement that, for a class S of morphisms in a locally presentable category C of structures, the orthogonal class of objects is a small-orthogonality class (hence reflective) can be proved in ZFC if S is 61, while it follows from the existence of a proper class of supercompact cardinals if S is 62, and from the existence of a proper class of what we call C(n)-extendible cardinals if S is 6n+2 for n ≥ 1. These cardinals form a new hierarchy, and we show that Vopěnka’s principle is equivalent to the existence of C(n)-extendible cardinals for all n. As a consequence of our approach, we prove that the existence of cohomological localizations of simplicial sets, a long-standing open problem in algebraic topology, is implied by the existence of arbitrarily large supercompact cardinals. This follows from the fact that E-equivalence classes are 62, where E denotes a spectrum treated as a parameter. In contrast with this fact, E∗-equivalence classes are 61, from which it follows (as is well known) that the existence of homological localizations is provable in ZFC.
Alzheimer’s and Hyperglycemia: Role of the Insulin Signaling Pathway and GSK-3 Inhibition in Paving a Path to Dementia

In this project, we are trying to review the articles that discuss the relationship between insulin signaling and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Another focus of this project is to find the best treatment regimen that can reduce the progression of AD in patients with impaired glucose metabolism. We used Pubmed database to collect our data and used the following keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, insulin signaling pathway, type 3 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, insulin, and insulin resistance in our revision; we included free articles that were published in the last 10 years and excluded articles that were written in any language other than English. We reviewed 68 articles. Forty-nine out of 68 articles were containing materials that are relevant for this project. We found that there is a relation between AD and the insulin signaling pathway. Insulin signaling pathway impairment leads to hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein, which plays a vital role in AD pathology. The effect of insulin on cognition is bidirectional; the intranasal route of insulin showed to have a promising effect on cognition improvement. Subcutaneous and intravenous insulin can increase the risk of dementia. Further studies are encouraged to use a specific anti-diabetic medication that can reduce the progression of AD.
Effect of prescribed sea surface conditions on the modern and future Antarctic surface climate simulated by the ARPEGE AGCM

Owing to increase in snowfall, the Antarctic Ice Sheet surface mass balance is expected to increase by the end of current century. Assuming no associated response of ice dynamics, this will be a negative contribution to sea-level rise. However, the assessment of these changes using dynamical downscaling of coupled climate models projections still bears considerable uncertainties due to poorly represented high southern latitudes atmospheric circulation and sea surface conditions (SSC), that is sea surface temperature and sea-ice concentration. 5 This study evaluates the Antarctic surface climate simulated by a global high-resolution atmospheric model, and assesses the effects on the simulated Antarctic surface climate of two different SSC data sets obtained from two coupled climate models projections. The two coupled models from which SSC are taken, MIROC-ESM and NorESM1-M, simulate future Antarctic sea ice trends at the opposite ends of the CMIP5 RCP8.5 projections range. The atmospheric model ARPEGE is used with a stretched grid configuration in order to achieve an average horizontal resolution of 35 kilometers over Antarctica. Over the 1
Oxidized Renewable Materials for the Removal of Cobalt(II) and Copper(II) from Aqueous Solution Using in Batch and Fixed-Bed Column Adsorption

Batch and continuous adsorption of Co2+ and Cu2+ from aqueous solutions by oxidized sugarcane bagasse (SBox) and oxidized cellulose (Cox) were investigated. The oxidation reaction of sugarcane bagasse and cellulose was made with a mixture of H3PO4‒NaNO2 to obtain SBox and Cox, with the introduction of high number of carboxylic acid functions, 4.5 and 4.8 mmol/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetics of Co2+ and Cu2+ on SBox and Cox were modeled using two models (pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order) and the rate-limiting step controlling the adsorption was evaluated by Boyd and intraparticle diffusion models. The Sips and Langmuir models better fitted the isotherms with values of maximum adsorption capacity of 0.68 and 0.37 mmol/g for Co2+ and 1.20 and 0.57 mmol/g for Cu2+ adsorption on Cox and SBox, respectively. The reuse of both spent adsorbents was evaluated. Adsorption of Cu2+ and Co2+ on SBox in continuous was evaluated using a 22 factorial design with spatial time and initial metal concentration as independent variables and and effective use of the bed as responses. The breakthrough curves were very well described by the Bohart–Adams original model and the values for Co2+ and Cu2+ were 0.22 and 0.55 mmol/g. SBox confirmed to be a promising biomaterial for application on a large scale.
LACCASES REPERTOIRE OF A SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE Coptotermes curvignathus HOLMGREN (BLATTODEA: RHINOTERMITIDAE)

Coptotermes curvignathus is a subterranean termite species that vigorously feed on living-tree. The cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin components in the wood are too robust for many organisms to break down and extract energy from but they serve as main carbon and energy sources for C. curvignathus . The ability of this subterranean termite thrive on wood diet may attribute by its array of laccase repertoire. Laccases are known for many functions including detoxification of plant tissues via xenobiotic pathway, and most importantly for termite is lignin modification. This paper highlighted the type of laccases produced by C. curvignathus based on transcriptomic data that were generated from 500 termites’ digestive system using Illumina HiSeq 2000. Raw data was trimmed and assembled by SOLEXAQA and Bowtie before loaded into Gene Ontology based data mining software, Blast2GO (B2G). The result showed that, C. curvignathus expressed diverse laccase genes that were phylogenetically similar to other termites’ laccases and distinctly related to fungal or bacterial laccases. Other than providing laccase genes sequences for further gene and enzyme characterization, the result of this study is the first insight into C. curvignathus laccase repertoire that is important to elucidate how C. curvignathus could digest wood efficiently from either intact or partially hydrolyzed wood.
PATIENT WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD)

The aim of this study was to examine the neurophysiological correlates of cognitive dysfunctions in a patient with the mini mally verbal variant of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD + MV), who after reaching adulthood showed progressive deterio ration of his cognitive skills. The patient was a 25-year-old male, diagnosed with ASD. He never developed spoken language, and communicated only by gesturing or writing on a computer. Our findings confirmed comorbidity of ASD and epilepsy, accompanied by dysfunction of cognitive control. We also found that spontaneous EEG and event-related potentials (ERPs) in a cued GO/NOGO task can be used to assess functional brain changes concomitant with ASD.
A STUDY OF THE POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF GINGER (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE) LOADED NANOPARTICLES ON MURINE SCHISTOSOMIASIS MANSONI

Chemotherapy is the most widely advocated method of antischistosomal control. Repeated chemotherapy has resulted in the emergence of drug-resistant schistosome strains. In the last few years, such resistance has drawn the attention to alternative drugs especially from natural sources (ginger). Nanoparticles have received special attention because they act as potent drug delivery systems. This study evaluated the antischistosomal effect of ginger extract loaded on chitosan nanoparticles on Schistosoma mansoni experimentally infected mice. The present study was conducted on sixty eight female BALB/C mice. Mice were exposed to 80±10 cercariae per mouse and divided into 3 main groups;(G1) negative control, (G2) positive control, G3) infected /treated, either by ginger extract (G3a), chitosan nanoparticles (G3b), praziquantel (G3c) or ginger extract loaded on chitosan nanoparticles (G3d). All groups were evaluated by parasitological and biochemical parameters. The results showed that worm burden and the egg density in liver were significantly reduced with P value<0.001 in G3d. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were significantly decreased in group G3d with p value<0.001 which indicated recovery of the liver tissue.
University of Southern Denmark microRNA expression in tumour tissue and plasma in patients with newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in the western world. Clinical practice is continuously challenged by the pitfalls of the available diagnostic tools. microRNAs may represent promising biomarkers in many types of human cancers, including prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate microRNA expression in tumour tissue and matched plasma in a cohort of patients with primary metastatic prostate cancer. The relative expression of 12 microRNAs was assessed in diagnostic needle biopsies from the prostate and matched plasma samples in two prospective cohorts (screening cohorts) comprising 21 patients with metastatic prostate cancer and 25 control patients. An independent validation cohort of plasma samples was collected prospectively from 149 newly diagnosed patients with local/locally advanced prostate cancer. Analyses were performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. miRNA-93 showed a significant negative correlation between expression in tumour tissue and plasma in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Furthermore, the plasma level of miRNA-93 significantly decreased after treatment in patients with local/locally advanced prostate cancer compared to baseline plasma level. The expression of six microRNAs (let-7b, miRNA-34a, -125b, -143, -145 and -221) was downregulated, and three microRNAs (miRNA-21, -25 and miRNA-93) were upregulated in tumour tissue compared to benign prostate tissue. In plasma, six microRNAs were upregulated (miRNA-21, -125b, -126, -141, -143 and -375), while let-7b was downregulated in patients with metastatic prostate cancer compared to the control cohort. In the metastatic prostate cancer cohort, the expression of four microRNAs (miRNA-125b, -126, -143 and -221), and miRNA-141 in tissue was associated with Gleason score and prostate-specific antigen, respectively. The expression of miRNA-93 in tumour tissue was correlated with matched plasma levels and showed a significant decrease in plasma level after intervention in local prostate cancer. Differential expression between tumour and benign prostate was detected for several microRNAs in both tissue and plasma.
Modified Milk Fat and Its Applications in Food Products

Natural fats have complex composition as they are composed of several fatty acids present primarily as triacylglycerols, which give fat highly diverse functional and nutritional properties. This complexity of fat provides opportunities for modifying themselves for different applications. The negative nutritional and physical image of the fat, especially certain saturated long chain fatty acids, trans-fats, cholesterol as well as poor spreadability and oxidative susceptibility has driven the development of technologies to produce modified fat with different physicochemical or nutritional properties. Modified fats have wide area of application. They can substitute the conventional costlier fats and can also be used in functional foods, as nutraceuticals. Moreover, one can use different fractions derived from single source of fat for different applications. Therefore, modification of fat can be considered as a tool which enhances the functionality and nutritional value of natural fats and broaden their area of application. Keywords: Triacylglycerols, trans-fats, spreadability, nutritional properties, nutraceuticals
Argentina’s import restrictive policies and their effects on trade

The main aim of this study was to investigate whether the non-automatic import license systems Declaracion Jurada Anticipada de Importacion (DJAI) and the Certificado de Importacion (CI) had impact on the Argentinian import and whether this had been positive or negative. This panel data study has been conducted over 159 countries between the period 2009-2018 at 6-digit HS level (HS2007). The model used for this study is the Gravity model, and the two methods used are the ‘linear regression with many fixed effects’ and the ‘Poisson Pseudo-Maximum-Likelihood with multiple levels of fixed effects’. This study finds significant negative results for the DJAI in both the methods used. However, for the non-automatic import license CI, this study only finds significant negative results when the linear regression is used.
Parallel lattice-boltzmann transport solver in complex geometry

We present an efficient solver for the conservative transport equation with variable coefficients in complex geometries. The solver is based on a kinetic formulation resembling the Lattice-Boltzmann approach. The chosen formalism allows to obtaining an explicit and conservative scheme that requires no matrix inversion and that is unconditionally stable with respect to the time step size. We present the method and its optimized parallel implementation on complex toroidal geometries. This solver will be used as a building block for tokamak plasma physics simulation.
Homines Oeconomici or Moral Saints? On the Purpose of Educating Civil Engineers

Understanding one’s own role as a professional – and the role of one’s profession – within society at large is crucial for good conduct and practice. The ambition of this paper is to address 1) how we can envisage how to develop the reflexive capacity of students of Civil Engineering to undertake critical scrutiny of their own practice and, 2) to what extent are Norwegian civil engineering students are educated to incarnate such a reflexive capacity today. The main basis of the research consists in a content analysis of the formalized guidelines governing the education of Civil Engineers at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). In addition to a scoping literature review, insights from theory on what constitutes a profession and the role of professions in general were used as analytic tools. The findings indicate that limited attention is given to transmitting the understanding of the role the students are to fill in their professional lives. Even less attention is given to actually articulating such an understanding. Particularly interesting, however, is the limited attention given to considerations of a more principal nature concerning the ability to transcend (in a positive manner) the limits within which one normally operates. The research carried out has implications for the organisation of the education of Civil Engineers in general. Equally, it highlights concerns that professional bodies within the field ought to examine in order to carve out a thorough understanding of the role of the Civil Engineer in society today.
A correlation between motivation and test scores on the fitnessgram

This study involved an in-depth look at motivational factors and interventions associated with performance in physical education. The motivational interventions include a stepped-care approach, the transtheoretical model, stages of readiness for change, goal-setting, tailored and targeted interventions, and progress monitoring. This study examined the relationship between using these motivational models to increase student knowledge and whether using these models would assist students in goal­ setting and fitness planning. Results from the literature show that using motivational techniques and proper goal­ setting techniques will increase student motivation to reach their individualized fitness goals. Student competence in physical activity was an important determinant in progressing to the next stage of change in the transtheoretical model. The ultimate goal of any physical education program should be to become a high performing program.
Coblation versus Diode Laser Tonsillectomy in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of diode laser and coblation tonsillectomy in paediatric patients in relation to operative time, amount of blood loss, post operative pain, healing of tonsillar fossa and returns to normal diet. Methods: A total of 200 patients ,100 for coblaton and 100 for diode laser, aged 3-12 years with recurrent tonsillitis with or without snoring and sleep apnoea were recruited. Participants were prospectively randomised to diode laser and coblation tonsillectomy. Operative time and blood loss were recorded. Pain was recorded by VAS or assessed by using analgesic Results: The operative time were recorded 07-15 minutes,mean 10 minutes in coblation group and 12-20 minutes ,mean 14 minutes in laser group. , Blood loss was recorded 0-15 ml mean 8 ml in coblation group and 10-25 ml mean 13.5 ml in diode laser group . However, at post-operative day seven, the diode laser tonsillectomy group had significantly higher pain scores compared with coblationtonsillectomy groups.Coblation group started normal soft diet on day 5 whereas diode laser started on day 8 Conclusion: Coblation tonsillectomy is associated with less operative time and blood loss, early returns to normal diet and less pain score in comparison to Diode laser tonsillectomy
PRODUCTION OF PROBIOTIC-FERMENTED RICE MILK BEVERAGE FORTIFIED WITH CACTUS PEAR AND PHYSALIS PULP

Fermented rice milk beverage fortified with cactus pear (Opuntia spp.) and physalis (Physalis peruviana) fruit pulps were prepared and stored at 5°C for 12 days. The fruit pulps were added at the rate of 10% and 20% (W/W) of probiotic rice milk. Physico-chemical of fermented rice milk beverages including total solids, protein, fat, fiber and ash were determined along the storage period. Acidity, pH, viscosity, microbiological and organoleptic properties were evaluated at zero time, 4, 8, and 12 days of storage at 5°C. There were significant differences between control and fermented rice milk beverages enriched with fruit pulps in terms of pH, total solids, protein, fiber, ash, content and titratable acidity during storage. The results revealed that acidity increased all over the storage time. The lowest value for viscosity was observed in fermented rice milk beverage containing 20% physalis pulps. A significant increase in bothDPPH inhibition (%) and TPC as compared to control sample, 20%physalis showed significantly higher values for both DPPH inhibition (%) and TPC. The count of S. thermophilus, L. acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium BB-12 were above 7 log cfu mL-1 at the end of storage period in all treatments. Sensory evaluation revealed significant differences between control and fermented rice milk beverage samples. The fermented rice milk beverage containing 20% cactus pear pulp had the highest overall acceptability score when compared to control and other treatment samples. The results of the current investigation demonstrated that the addition of cactus pear and physalis pulps to fermented rice milk beverage significantly improved the quality of resultant fermented rice milk beverage.
Construct a Simulator of a Proposed Trust and Reputation Model in (PD) P2P File Sharing Systems

Trust concept is an important requirement for sustained interactions between peers, and to deal with malicious peers in P2P file sharing systems. Traditional security mechanisms and services are unable to protect against malicious behaviors, therefore trust and reputation management is considered an appropriate solution that can provide a protection against such threat. In this paper, we focused on the advantage of some existing trust models to formulate a new model that solves problems raised in the previous models. We also considered the partially decentralized ( PD ) peer-2-peer (P2P) architecture to execute the proposed model. Finally , we construct a C# based simulator to test proposed model on the partially decentralized P2P file sharing network. Simulation results show that the model is able to identify malicious peers effectively and isolate them from the system (sharing files), hence reducing the amount of inauthentic uploads and increasing peers’ satisfaction.
Cloud regimes over the Amazon Basin: perspectives from the GoAmazon2014/5 campaign

Abstract. Radiosonde observations collected during the GoAmazon2014/5 campaign are analyzed to identify the primary thermodynamic regimes accompanying different modes of convection over the Amazon. This analysis identifies five thermodynamic regimes that are consistent with traditional Amazon calendar definitions of seasonal shifts, which include one wet, one transitional, and three dry season regimes based on a k-means cluster analysis. A multisensor ground-based approach is used to project associated bulk cloud and precipitation properties onto these regimes. This is done to assess the propensity for each regime to be associated with different characteristic cloud frequency, cloud types, and precipitation properties. Additional emphasis is given to those regimes that promote deep convective precipitation and organized convective systems. Overall, we find reduced cloud cover and precipitation rates to be associated with the three dry regimes and those with the highest convective inhibition. While approximately 15 % of the dataset is designated as organized convection, these events are predominantly contained within the transitional regime.
Prediction of Future Climate Change for Rainfall in the Upper Kurau River Basin, Perak Using Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM)

Climate change is considered to be one of the biggest threats faced by nature and humanity today. The goal of this study is to predict future climate change for rainfall in the Upper Kurau Basin. In this research, the applicability of statistical downscaling model (SDSM) in downscaling rainfall in the Upper Kurau River basin, Perak, Malaysia was investigated. The investigation includes calibration of the SDSM model by using large-scale atmospheric variables encompassing the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data. Rainfall data were derived for three 30-year time slices, 2020s, 2050s and 2080s, with A2 and B2 scenarios. A2 is considered among the “worst” case scenarios, projecting high emissions for the future. Unlikely, B2 projected a lower emission for the future and it is considered as “environmental” case scenarios. Results from simulation showed that during the calibration and validation stage, the SDSM model was well acceptable in regards to its performance in downscaling of daily and annual rainfalls. Under both scenarios A2 and B2, during the prediction period of 2010–2099, changes of annual mean rainfall in the Upper Kurau River basin would present a trend of increased rainfall in 2020s; insignificant changes in the 2050s; and a surplus of rainfall in the 2080s, as compared to the mean values of the base period. Annual mean rainfall would increase by about 33.7% under scenario A2 and increase by 27.9% under scenario B2 in the 2080s. Most of the areas of the Upper Kurau River Basin were dominated by increasing trend of rainfall and will become wetter in the future.