Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Quenching of Solutions of Some Nonlinear Parabolic Equations

We consider the first initial-boundary value problem for $u_t = u_{xx} + \phi (u),\, 0 \leqq x \leqq l$ with $\phi > 0$ on $[0,a)$, $\phi $ convex, monotone increasing and $\lim _{u \to a} \phi (u) = \infty ,a 0$ and approaches ($t \to \infty $), the smallest stationary solution of the differential equation; (b) if $l = l_0 $ and $l_0$ is taken by $\Psi $, then (a) holds; (c) if $l_0$ is not taken and ${\operatorname{Range}}\Phi $ is bounded, then u approaches from below the smallest weak stationary solution of the differential equation and this weak solution is not a strong stationary solution, $u_{xx} ({l / {2,t}}) \to - \infty $, and $u_t ({l / {2,t}}) \to 0$ as $t \to \infty $;(d).
Combinação madeira-adesivo-impermeabilizante em MLC.

A Madeira Laminada Colada (MLC), que e um conjunto de lamelas de madeira coladas umas sobre as outras por meio de adesivo estrutural, e um dos principais produtos a base de madeira para a construcao civil. A madeira e um material influenciado pelo teor de umidade do local onde esta sendo utilizada, por isso, sao necessarias medidas para minimizar esse efeito, tais como a impermeabilizacao dos elementos estruturais em manutencoes preventivas da estrutura. O objetivo do seguinte trabalho e analisar a contribuicao de um impermeabilizante de umidade nas propriedades de resistencia ao cisalhamento na linha de cola e integridade da linha de cola em ensaios de delaminacao em corpos-de-prova fabricados a partir de vigas de MLC de madeira de Parica ( Schizolobium amazonicum Herb) com adesivo a base de melamina–ureia. Os ensaios realizados para determinacao da resistencia da linha de cola em corpos-de-prova na combinacao madeira-adesivo-impermeabilizante mostraram valores satisfatorios quando comparados com outras combinacoes, a partir do ensaio de delaminacao pode-se observar bons resultados na interface madeira-adesivo, para as combinacoes estudadas neste trabalho, pois, em nenhum dos corpos-de-prova, ocorreu o fenomeno de descolamento entre as lamelas.
GENERAL DIFFUSE-INTERFACE THEORIES AND AN APPROACH TO PREDICTIVE TUMOR GROWTH MODELING

While a large and growing literature exists on mathematical and computational models of tumor growth, to date tumor growth models are largely qualitative in nature, and fall far short of being able to provide predictive results important in life-and-death decisions. This is largely due to the enormous complexity of evolving biological and chemical processes in living tissue and the complex interactions of many cellular and vascular constituents in living organisms. Several new technologies have emerged, however, which could lead to significant progress in this important area: (i) the development of so-called phase-field, or diffuse-interface models, which can be developed using continuum mixture theory, and which provide a general framework for modeling the action of multiple interacting constituents. These are based on generalizations of the Cahn–Hilliard models for spinodal decomposition, and have been used recently in certain tumor growth theories; (ii) the emergence of predictive computational methods.
Adaptive Threshold Scheme for Touch Gesture Continuous Authentication using Sensor Trust

In this study we produce a continuous authentication scheme that adjusts an adaptive threshold for touchscreen interaction based on trust in passively collected sensor data. Our framework unobtrusively compares real-time sensor data of a user to historic data and adjusts a trust parameter based on the similarity. We show that the trust parameter can be used to adjust an adaptive threshold in continuous authentication schemes. The framework passively models temporal, spatial and activity scenarios using sensor data such as location, surrounding devices, wifi networks, ambient noise, movements, user activity, ambient light, proximity to objects and ambient pressure from study participants. Deviations from the models increases the level of threat the device perceives from the scenario. We also model the user touch-screen interactions. The touch-screen interactions are authenticated against a threshold that is continually adjusted based on the perceived trust. This scheme provides greater nuance between security and usability, enabling more refined decisions. We present our novel framework and threshold adjustment criteria and validate our framework on two state-of-the-art sensor datasets. Our framework achieves up to a 20.38% increase in accuracy compared to the static threshold system.
Algorithmic Trading and Changes in Firms’ Equity Capital

We use a large sample from 2001 to 2009 that incorporates intraday transactions data from 39 exchanges and an average of 12,800 different common stocks to assess the effect of algorithmic trading (AT) on firms’ capital raising activities. Greater AT reduces net equity issues over the next year, but this is only partly driven by AT’s effect on proceeds from new securities issues. Our findings suggest that the main driver of this relationship is AT’s effect on share repurchases.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Some Novel N, NDialkylaminoalkoxy-2-Oxo-Indole-3-Ylidene Benzohydrazides as Anticonvulsant Agents

A series of N,N-dialkylaminoalkoxy-2-Oxo-indole-3-ylideneBenzohydrazides were synthesized by using the well designed synthetic route and the purity of the compounds were assessed by TLC, and characterized by FT-IR, NMR spectral data. The anti-convulsant activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated against MES and PTZ induced seizure models in mice. All the test compounds were administered at doses of 50mg/kg body weight orally for MES method. The stimulus parameters in mice were 50mA in a pulse of 60Hz for 200ms. Intraperitonially for a PTZ method from the series of compounds it was noted that compound N,N-dimethylaminoPropoxy-2-Oxo-5-methyl-3-ylidenebenzo hydrazides(VIIb) protected more than 80% of the mice against MES and PTZ induced seizures compound VIId, VIIa, VIIe were found to be next in the order of reducing the duration of convulsions in both MES and PTZ methods. Molecular docking studies were also carried out by using windows 2007 using Moe 2008.10 version. The 5HT2c mouse receptor was retrieved from the protein data bank and used as target receptor was retrieved from the protein data bank.
GSTM1 and GSTT1 copy number variants and the risk to Thai females of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy found throughout the world that most often occurs in males. The cancer is associated with many risk factors such as viral infection, cirrhosis, alcohol, smoking, and fungal toxins. GSTM1 and GSTT1 are detoxification enzymes activated by the cleansing of carcinogenic compounds. Low DNA copy numbers of Glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1 result in a loss of enzyme activity, which causes carcinogenesis factors. DNA copy number variants (CNVs) were determined to compare the differences between the frequencies of GSTM1 and GSTT1 in a control group and patients. Then, the association of these genes with the pathological/survival status of HCC patients was investigated. Methods Forty-nine Thai HCC patients' DNA and the genomic DNA of 66 healthy controls were investigated for GSTM1 and GSTT1 CNVs by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Then, the correlations between GSTM1 and GSTT1 patients' CNVs, the control group, and clinico-pathological parameters were determined. Results The results show that were no differences between the CNVs of GSTM1 and GSTT1 in the controls and patients (P≥0.05). Only GSTT1 genotypes 0/0 correlated to an increase in the risk of hepatocellular carcinogenesis (OR value was 1.88). GSTM1 CNVs were associated with the gender of patients (P=0.002). However, no correlations were found between GSTT1 CNVs and any of the clinico-pathological parameters. Conclusions The results suggest that only GSTT1 CNVs are associated with increased risk factors of HCC in Thais. GSTM1 copy numbers had a dominant correlation with female HCC patients.
Deep Vs Profiling Along the Top of Yucca Mountain Using a Vibroseis Source and Surface Waves

Yucca Mountain, Nevada, was approved as the site for development of the geologic repository for high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel in the United States. The U.S. Department of Energy has been conducting studies to characterize the site and assess its future performance as a geologic repository. As part of these studies, a program of deep seismic profiling, to depths of 200 m, was conducted along the top of Yucca Mountain to evaluate the shear-wave velocity (V{sub s}) structure of the repository block. The resulting V{sub s} data were used as input into the development of ground motions for the preclosure seismic design of the repository and for postclosure performance assessment. The noninvasive spectral-analysis-of-surface-waves (SASW) method was employed in the deep profiling. Field measurements involved the use of a modified Vibroseis as the seismic source. The modifications allowed the Vibroseis to be controlled by a signal analyzer so that slow frequency sweeps could be performed while simultaneous narrow-band filtering was performed on the receiver outputs. This process optimized input energy from the source and signal analysis of the receiver outputs. Six deep V{sub s} profiles and five intermediate-depth (about 100 m) profiles were performed along the top of Yucca Mountain over a distance of about 5 km. In addition, eleven shallower profiles (averaging about 45-m deep) were measured using a bulldozer source. The shallower profiles were used to augment the deeper profiles and to evaluate further the near-surface velocity structure. The V{sub s} profiles exhibit a strong velocity gradient within 5 m of the surface, with the mean V{sub s} value more than doubling. Below this depth, V{sub s} gradually increases from a mean value of about 900 to 1000 m/s at a depth of 150 m. Between the depths of 150 and 210 m, V{sub s} increases more rapidly to about 1350 m/s, but this trend is based on limited data. At depths less than 50 m, anisotropy in V{sub s} was measured for surveys conducted parallel and perpendicular to the mountain crest, with the velocity parallel to the crest about 200 m/s higher. In the 5- to 50-m depth range, the average coefficient of variation (COV) of all data is about 0.25. Below 75 m, where the data set is smaller and includes measurements only parallel to the crest, the average COV decreases to a value of about 0.11.
Mode of reproduction, ploidy and fluctuating asymmetry: comparison of co-existing sexual and asexual freshwater snails

We compared fluctuating asymmetry of ecologically similar sexual and asexual freshwater snails (Potamopyrgus antipodarum). The asexual snails are triploid apomictic parthenogens, whereas the sexual snails are diploid. Although earlier studies have shown that the average heterozygosity does not differ between sexuals and asexuals, higher ploidy level and accumulation of mutations may affect the fluctuating asymmetry of asexuals. However, it is unclear how large this genetic effect might be relative to the environmental effects; empirical studies of the effects of genetic stress on fluctuating asymmetry suggest that weak effects are to be expected. Our aim in this study was to contrast the magnitude of variation in fluctuating asymmetry due to environment to that due to ploidy and mode of reproduction. For this purpose, we assessed fluctuating asymmetry in radula morphology of co-existing sexual and asexual females, knowing that the asexuals represented a group of different clonal genotypes. For reference, we also assessed among-population variation in fluctuating asymmetry and contrasted this to among-individual variation in fluctuating asymmetry. The radula is a bilaterally symmetric feeding structure that is composed of repeated rows of teeth. We found significant amongindividual variation in fluctuating asymmetry, indicating sufficiently powerful statistical analysis, but we found no statistically significant differences in fluctuating asymmetry between sympatric asexual and sexual snails, or among different snail populations. Our results suggest that genetic effects of ploidy and asexuality on fluctuating asymmetry are too small to be detected against the environmental variation. These results suggest that the asexual and sexual snails respond to external stress factors similarly, at least with respect to the level of fluctuating asymmetry.
Measurement of the velocity and viscosity of fluids in a micro channelwith Optical Coherence Tomography

The growth of bacterial biofilms in water treatment membrane units is a serious problem, which makes the membrane process less efficient and more expensive, therefore more research must be done to reduce and manage the formation of a biofilm by tuning the operating conditions such as the flow. One of the problems is the viscoelastic nature of biofilms, therefore the viscosity and viscoelastic parameters should be studied non-invasively and during flow . This could in principle be done in a cylindrical glass capillary optically with Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). So far this has only been studied with a water flow. Therefore in this Thesis a model compound, that could also be found in biofilms, called xanthan gum is used. The measurement of the viscosity has been done with and without flow through the capillary. For the no flow measurements the Stokes-Einstein equation and a microrheology model have been used in order to get information on the viscosity and viscoelastic parameters. For the flow experiments a two parameter fit was used to obtain the velocity and viscosity of the fluid flows simultaneously. From the no-flow experiments it can be concluded that microrheology can be used to obtain a trend in the viscosity which correspond to high shear rates and from the flow experiments it can be concluded that the velocity profile can be measured quite well and the viscosity profile as function of shear rate can only be obtained by combining results from different flow rates. With these findings it becomes more clear how the OCT could potentially be used in future research to measure the viscosity of biofilms under operating conditions in a micro channel.
Parent, Child, and Relational Components of Child Disclosure about Peer Relationships in Early Adolescence

The purpose of this research was to explore the nature of child disclosure and the manner in which children's disclosure about peer relationships and activities with peers is shaped by the parental, child, and relational contexts within which parent-child communications are experienced. Twenty mother-child pairs participated in qualitative interviews about children's disclosure and nondisclosure concerning relationships with peers. Children were in 6th grade and evenly split between boys versus girls and African American versus European American. Three patterns of child disclosure were observed. Some children were unreserved in their disclosure. Other children screened the information given to their parents. A few withheld most information about their friends from their parents. Climates surrounding child disclosure were also identified. Most children identified climates within which disclosure was promoted more than discouraged. Some identified climates within which disclosure was discouraged more than promoted. A final group of children identified a balance between disclosure promotion and discouragement. How children choose to disclose and the disclosure climates they perceive were associated. Children who perceived disclosure promotion were most likely to disclose unreservedly or with some screening. Children who perceived a climate of disclosure discouragement were most likely to withhold disclosure or to screen their disclosure.
Advancing Academic Literacy through Teachers' Assessments.

Adding systematic teacher judg ments to the public record could well serve the wide vari ety of audiences interested in the progress of students and the effective ness of school programs. Increased use of teachers' assessments could change public discussion about the goals of schooling. Integration of teachers' assessments into higher-level decisions could redirect instruction to address the critical components of lit eracy for all students. We expect two distinct reactions from our readers. Some will ask, "Doesn't teacher assessment of stu dent achievement play an important role today? " Our answer is "no." Teachers judge the social and emo tional responses of students, but not their achievement (Fraatz 1987). Read ing instruction, for instance, is driven by batteries of externally mandated tests, while writing instruction is still not a significant curriculum domain for many students. Other readers will ask, "How can we trust the regular classroom teacher with the complex task of judging stu dent performance? " Our answer has two parts. First, we must. Teachers already make a variety of decisions every day that influence student achievement. They decide on group placement; they choose the rate at which new content is introduced to different groups; they grade students on daily, quarterly, and yearly accom plishments. The second part of our answer is that we must improve the conceptual and procedural founda tions for assessment. Today's teachers are provided little basis for a profes sional approach to this task; this situa tion must be remedied if teachers are to promote high levels of literacy in their students.
What inspires birders to migrate South towards Africa? A quantitative measure of international avitourist motivation

Despite the rapid growth of avitourism (birding) globally, the international market potential of avitourism is not fully utilised. This research endeavoured to develop a multidimensional measure of avitourist motivation and to investigate the relative importance of the different dimensions or factors of avitourist motivation. Based on an in-depth review of the literature, a measure of birder motivation was developed. The research instrument was evaluated by a group of birding experts. The instrument was further evaluated and refined based on primary data gathered from 439 visitors to the British Birdwatching Fair and the Dutch Vogelfestival. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the dimensionality and fit of the instrument based on the proposed factorial structure. Finally, a second-order confirmatory factor analysis model for avitourist motivation revealed higher-order constructs, namely wellbeing, intellectual activity, social interaction and photography. The results suggest that the photography dimension could be excluded as a motivational factor, and that birders consider aspects of wellbeing (emotional, spiritual, physical and mental stimulation) as the most important factors that motivate birding. Keywords : avitourism (birding tourism), bird fairs, travel motivations, second-orderconfirmatory factor analysis
Fixed effects selection in the linear mixed-effects model using adaptive ridge procedure for L0 penalty performance

This paper is concerned with the selection of fixed effects along with the estimation of fixed effects, random effects and variance components in the linear mixed-effects model. We introduce a selection procedure based on an adaptive ridge (AR) penalty of the profiled likelihood, where the covariance matrix of the random effects is Cholesky factorized. This selection procedure is intended to both low and high-dimensional settings where the number of fixed effects is allowed to grow exponentially with the total sample size, yielding technical difficulties due to the non-convex optimization problem induced by L0 penalties. Through extensive simulation studies, the procedure is compared to the LASSO selection and appears to enjoy the model selection consistency as well as the estimation consistency.
Automatic Relevance Determination with Ensembles of Bayesian MLPs

The problem of controlling model complexity and data complexity are fundamental issues in neural network learning. Some researchers have used Bayesian-leaming on neural networks to control the model complexity. The Bayesian-based teclmique, Automatic Relevance Determination (ARD), can effectively control the complexity of data, and automatically determine the relevance of input features by controlling the distribution of corresponding groups of weights in a network. However, we found that the relevance determination made by a single ARD model is not stable and accurate. Neural network ensemble techniques were used in our research to improve the accuracy of feature relevance determination. The accuracy o f the ensemble feature relevance determination was evaluated using two synthetic datasets in which the relevance of each individual input feature was pre-deterniined. The results showed that ensemble feature relevance determination can effectively separate relevant features, redundancies and irrelevant features from each other, and provide useful suggestions of the boundaries between these relevance levels. Thus, the features selected, based on the ensemble feature relevance determination, benefits not only non-linear models such as neural networks, but also linear models such as the linear regression model, by enabling them to classify the samples in several realworld datasets more accurately than by using all the available input features, extracted principal components and independent components from the datasets. We also found that an ensemble of ARD models is good at selecting group relevance features, but not at ranlcing the relevance for each individual input feature, because the relevance ranlc detemiination of an input feature can be affected by any redundancies in the data which are highly correlated with it.