Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SPICE–PAC version 2G6c: An Overview

SPICE-PAC is a simulation package that is upward compatible with the popular SPICE-2G circuit simulator; it accepts the same circuit description language (with only a few minor exceptions) and provides the same circuit analyses, but it also supports a number of extensions and refinements which are not available in the original SPICE program. The most important difference, however, between SPICE and SPICE-PAC is in their internal organizations; SPICE is a program with one, fixed sequence of operations while SPICE-PAC is a collection of loosely coupled simulation “primitives” that can be “composed” in many different ways, as required in a particular application. This flexibility of SPICE-PAC is quite important in “integrated” applications, i.e., applications in which circuit simulation is combined with other software tools, for example, optimization methods, statistical analysis, symbolic simula- tion, high-level (e.g., behavioral) simulation, and so on. This report briefly outlines main features of SPICE-PAC, compares SPICE-PAC with the SPICE circuit simulator, sketches SPICE-PAC’s basic applications, and then presents several recent extensions to the package. Simple examples are used to illustrate these extensions. A more detailed description of the package is given in a Technical Report: “SPICE-PAC 2G6c - User’s Guide”, available from the Department of Com- puter Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Canada A1C- 5S7 (and also through anonymous ftp at ftp.cs.mun.ca in /pub/techreports as tr-8902.ps.Z).
Cu(OTf)2-catalyzed synthesis of highly substituted 1-methoxy imidazoles via (3 + 2) cycloaddition between imino carbenoids and nitriles

ABSTRACT A Cu(OTf)2-catalyzed simple synthetic approach for highly substituted 1-alkoxy imidazole has been described. This protocol involves (3 + 2) cycloaddition of oximino carbenoids with organo nitriles. This method has wide substrate scope and tolerates alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, vinyl, and ester nitriles. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Robustness of Partial Least-Squares Models to Change in Sample Temperature: II. Application to Fruit Attributes

Partial least-squares regression models were developed using spectra of tomato fruit collected at 15°C and tested on spectra of an independent set of fruit at higher sample temperatures. The influence of sample temperature on the model used to predict fruit dry matter(DM) was manifested primarily in terms of bias, not standard error of prediction. For example, a model for DM created with samples at 15°C had a bias of −0.9% DM and −1.9% DM when used to predict DM in fruit at 25°C and 35°C, respectively. The addition of spectra of a relatively small number of samples collected at different temperatures to the calibration set can create a model that is robust to temperature; however, continued addition of samples at a uniform temperature overwhelms this compensation effect, resulting in a model that is not robust to temperature. For a model that included spectra of fruit at a range of temperatures, the prediction bias increased as the ratio of samples at 15°C to samples at other temperatures increased beyond 200:1. The use of orthogonal scatter correction, external parameter orthogonalisation, generalised least-square weighting, global model development and repeatability file were compared for the development of a temperature-robust DM model. The use of a repeatability file is recommended on the basis of the lowest root mean square error of prediction and bias. Selection of wavelength regions to avoid water absorption features is recommended for an attribute not associated with an OH feature (such as skin-colour prediction).
Selection of Models in the Calculation of Binding Constants in the Study of Interaction between Molecules by Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Based on the fluorescence quenching,fluorescence spectroscopy is widely used in the study of interactions between drug molecules.In calculating the binding constants,models and equations should be carefully selected according to the ratio of drug binding,fluorescent molecules and operating condition.In this paper,the application scope of several models and equations,including Stern-Volmer equation,Lineweaver-Burk curve,double logarithmic regression curve,Scatchard equation and Tachiya models were reviewed,which would provide a reference for the selection of an appropriate model or equation.
The Gab Hate Corpus: A collection of 27k posts annotated for hate speech

The growing prominence of online hate speech is a threat to a safe and just society. This endangering phenomenon requires collaboration across the sciences in order to generate evidence-based knowledge of, and policies for, the dissemination of hatred in online spaces. To foster such collaborations, here we present the Gab Hate Corpus (GHC), consisting of 27,665 posts from the social network service gab.ai, each annotated by a minimum of three trained annotators. Annotators were trained to label posts according to a coding typology derived from a synthesis of hate speech definitions across legal, computational, psychological, and sociological research. We detail the development of the corpus, describe the resulting distributions of hate-based rhetoric, target group, and rhetorical framing labels, and establish baseline classification performance for each using standard natural language processing methods. The GHC, which is the largest theoretically-justified, annotated corpus of hate speech to date, provides opportunities for training and evaluating hate speech classifiers and for scientific inquiries into the linguistic and network components of hate speech.
Characteristics of Phosphate Adsorption-Desorption Onto Ferrihydrite: Comparison With Well-Crystalline Fe (Hydr)Oxides

Abstract The adsorption-desorption behavior of phosphate on ferrihydrite, goethite, and hematite and underlying mechanisms were comparatively investigated with batch kinetics, solution equilibrium, and mineral characterization. The phosphate adsorption kinetics for all Fe (hydr)oxides are described by a fast initial adsorption followed by a slow reaction, both of which comply with pseudo first-order kinetics. Ferrihydrite shows a higher amount of phosphate adsorbed and OH− release, a faster slow reaction, and an extra long diffusion reaction. Analysis of OH− release kinetics reveals that the adsorption process includes two steps: phosphate preferentially exchanges with two groups of Fe-OH21/2+: it occurs in an extremely short time for ferrihydrite and goethite, yet more time for hematite; phosphate exchange with Fe-OH21/2+ and Fe-OH1/2−: the amount of OH− released and phosphate adsorbed shows a linear correlation. Isotherms of the three minerals show better conformity to the Freundlich model than the Langmuir model because of their surface heterogeneity. The desorption percentage of adsorbed phosphate using KCl in order are hematite (12.5%) > goethite (10%) > ferrihydrite (8.5%). The lower desorption for ferrihydrite indicates a higher percentage of specific adsorption. On the other hand, citric acid promotes desorption on ferrihydrite more than on goethite and hematite via a dissolution mechanism. Ferrihydrite possesses poor crystallinity, higher surface site density and micropore volume, leading to its larger phosphate adsorption, higher percentage of specific adsorption, faster adsorption rate, and slow diffusion reaction stage.
BaâZnTa{sub 2-x}NbâOâ and BaâMgTa{sub 2-x}NbâOâ (0{<=}x{<=}1): synthesis, structure and dielectric properties

Oxides belonging to the families Ba3ZnTa2_xNbxC>9 and Ba3MgTa2_xNbxO9 were synthesized by the solid state reaction route. Sintering temperatures of 1300°C led to oxides with disordered (cubic) perovskite structure. However, on sintering at 1425°C hexagonally ordered structures were obtained for Ba3MgTa2_xNbxO9 over the entire range (0 < x < 1) of composition, while for Ba3ZnTa2_xNbxC>9 the ordered structure exists in a limited range (0 < x < 0.5). The dielectric constant is close to 30 for the Ba3ZnTa2_xNbxOg family of oxides while the Mg analogues have lower dielectric constant of ^18 in the range 50 Hz to 500 kHz. At microwave frequencies (5-7 GHz) dielectric constant increases with increase in niobium concentration (22-26) for Ba3ZnTa2_xNbxOg; for Ba3MgTa2_xNbxOg it varies between 12 and 14. The "Zn" compounds have much higher quality factors and lower temperature coefficient of resonant frequency compared to the "Mg" analogues.
The structure and function of normal and mutated collagen IX

Collagen IX belongs to the superfamily of collagenous proteins and is present on the surface of the heterotypic collagen fibrils that are predominantly composed of collagen II, and also collagen XI. The major sites of expression of collagen IX include the articular cartilage, intervertebral disc, inner ear and the vitreous body of the eye. Previous reports have indicated that mutations in the genes encoding the three polypeptide chains of collagen IX may lead to intervertebral disc disease and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, a chondrodysplasia characterized by early onset osteoarthritis. These observations and results from genetically modified mouse lines suggest that collagen IX is crucial in the maintenance of the longterm integrity of tissues. However, the structure-function relationship as well as detailed information concerning the functional roles of this protein has remained unclear. Recombinant human collagen IX was obtained using an insect cell expression system. Besides full-length molecules, five truncated variants of collagen IX were produced to examine chain association and trimerization. Contrary to previous observations, it was shown that the COL1 and NC1 domains are not essential for trimerization. Instead, they seem to play an important role in the specificity of chain selection. The results also suggest that the N-terminal domains, NC3 or COL3, are required for complete folding and stabilization of collagen IX molecules, implicating cooperativity between different domains in the folding process. Collagen IX was found to mediate cell adhesion and bind efficiently to collagen receptor integrins α1β1, α2β1, α10β1 and α11β1. The binding was found to represent a novel type of mechanism, and the binding site of the integrin I domain was located at the N-terminal end of the COL3 domain in collagen IX. The obtained results suggest that the FACITs may play an important role as mediators of cell adhesion to collagen fibrils. Antibodies binding to human recombinant collagen IX were measured among 53 patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These autoantibodies were significantly elevated among the RA patients when compared to the controls, suggesting that autoantibodies to collagen IX show diagnostic potential in early RA. However, no association was found between the antibody levels and outcome.
Probing the Inner Cavities of Hydrogels by Proton Diffusion

The reversible proton dissociation and geminate recombination of a photoacid was studied in peptide-based hydrogels over a large concentration range of the self-assembled peptide nanotube (PNT) network. 8-Hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate trisodium salt (HPTS) was used as the photoacid. We found that the proton transfer to the solvent rate is not affected by the presence of the fibrous structures. However, the proton geminate recombination process is affected by the PNT walls. We used the photoprotolytic reversible geminate recombination model to analyze the time-resolved emission data in the hydrogel samples. Our assumptions lead to the suggestion that the hydrogels form water nanopools of the order of 100 A.
Method to obtain homozygous introgressing segments in Drosophila to identify the presence of hybrid sterility genes of the reproductive isolation

Here, we present for the first time, a method to generate homozygous segmental introgressions, by means of crosses between a pair of synmorphic species. The introgressions were monitored by the cytogenetic method of polygenic chromosome asynapses. Later the introgressions were evaluated in their capacity to produce sterility in segmental males. Also, the smallest segment with the capacity to produce sterility in segmental males was mapped by in situ hybridization of polythene chromosomes, using 8 sequences of BACs clones as probes. Finally, a bioinformatic analysis was carried out to identify the presence of particular genes. From 2 parental strains, D. buzzatii and D. koepferae, 6 simple segmental hybrid lines were generated, whose introgressing segments are distributed along chromosome 4 of these species. From the 6 simple segmental lines and by means of a new crossing strategy, the 6 respective homozygous segmental hybrid offspring were obtained, each of them carrying a specific homozygous introgression. None of the 6 heterozygous introgressions was capable of producing sterility in segmental males, while 4 of the same homozygous introgressions produced total sterility in segmental males, including in this group the two smallest introgressive segments, one of 5.03 % and the other 7.87% with respect to the total length of chromosome 4, which are located in the region F2 to F4 of the standard cytological map based on polythene chromosomes of the Drosophila Repleta group. In situ hybridization, using 8 clones from contig 1065 located along the F2 to F4 region of the physical map of D. buzzattii constructed in BACs, confirmed the precise location of the 6 clones in the chromosomal region F2 to F4 of chromosome 4 of the polygenic chromosomes of both D. buzzatii and D. mojavensis. The bioinformatic analysis of the F2 to F4 region, using the complete genetic sequence of the contig 1065 of D. buzzatti shows the presence of two predicted genes in the genomic map of D. buzzatii (g.1313.t1 and g.1314.t1), and the orthologous association of these 2 genes both with the D. moj_GI22766 gene of D. mojavensis and with the Trivet gene of D. melanogaster.
Learning Transferable Variation Operators in a Continuous Genetic Algorithm

The notion of experience has often been neglected within the domain of evolutionary computation while in machine learning a large variety of methods has emerged in the recent years under the umbrella of transfer learning. Notably, realizing experience-based methods suffers from a variety of conceptual key problems. The first one being in regards to what constitutes problem-similarity from an algorithm perspective and the second one being what constitutes the transferable experience by itself. Ideally, one would envision that a learning optimization algorithm could be expected to act similarly to a human-problem solver who tackles novel tasks initially without any preconceptions. Experience only comes into play until sufficient similarity to known problems is established. Our paper therefore has two aims. First, to outline existing related fields and methodologies and highlight their insufficiencies. Second, to make the case for experience-based optimization by a demonstration using a novel and statistics-based approach with a real-coded genetic algorithm as a case study. In this paper we do not claim to construct universal problem solvers, but instead propose that from an algorithm-specific-view, problem characteristics can be learned and harnessed to improve future performance of similarly-structured optimization tasks.
Genus, Species, and Subspecies Classification of Salmonella Isolates by Proteomics

Identification of bacteria by mass spectrometry offers the potential of a high-throughput non-targeted method to determine the presence of Salmonella. While MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry can identify Salmonella at the genus and species level, few studies have reported subtyping beyond the species level due to the diversity and complexity of Salmonella that includes more than 2600 serovars. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approaches enable profiling of a greater number of proteins over a larger dynamic range and offer the potential to detect small differences between closely related isolates. We evaluate the discriminatory power of bottom-up LC-MS/MS with a collection of nineteen isolates that differ at the genus, species, subspecies, or strain level. Isolates were classified by matching the sequence of identified peptides to reference proteomes translated from genomes with known taxonomic ranks. The degree of proteomic similarity between the tested isolates and reference strains correlated with how closely they were related. All tested Salmonella isolates were easily distinguished from their close relatives, E. coli and Shigella, and readily grouped by species and subspecies. Additionally, each Salmonella isolate most closely matched to its correct serovar. This approach presents a simple and effective proteomic approach to identification of Salmonella genus, species, and subspecies.
Concentration of a plasma energy flow by a blowing gas.

熱プラズマ流を物質処理に用いるには, その目的利用に応じて, エネルギー流密度を制御する必要がある. プラズマ切断を例にとると, プラズマ流から平板への熱移動量を絞ることが望まれる. よって, 本研究ではノズル出口近傍で内側方向の半径方向流れを吹き出しにより, アルゴン熱プラズマ流のエネルギー流密度を絞ることとプラズマジエットから平板への熱移動量を絞ることを行った. これらの評価のひとつとしてここでは, 電気回路の共振曲線の鋭さを示すものと類似したQ値を用いた. Q値は最大エネルギー流量値を半値幅で割った値と定義する. 半径方向の吹き出し流に対して両者のQ値は, ほぼ同じ流量で極大値を示した.
Pd-NHC Catalytic System for the Efficient Atom-Economic Synthesis of Vinyl Sulfides from Tertiary, Secondary, or Primary Thiols

Vinyl sulfides represent an important class of compounds in organic chemistry and materials science. Atom-economic addition of thiols to the triple bond of alkynes provides an excellent opportunity for environmentally friendly processes. We have found that well-known and readily available Pd-NHC complex (IMes)Pd(acac)Cl is an efficient catalyst for alkyne hydrothiolation. The reported technique provides a general one-pot approach for the selective preparation of Markovnikov-type vinyl sulfides starting from tertiary, secondary, or primary aliphatic thiols, as well as benzylic and aromatic thiols. In all the studied cases, the products were formed in excellent selectivity and good yields.
0 SOFA : Software for Observing Force-feedback Algorithms

Over the past few years, haptic algorithms have advanced considerably. However, no standard evaluation method exists, which allows researchers to compare their results in an objective manner. This paper elaborates on an evaluation method for haptic algorithms. As this method makes use of user input, an experiment was conducted to define how to the evaluation method should be applied. In order to allow researchers to apply the evaluation method, a C++ library was developed: SOFA, Software for Observing Forcefeedback Algorithms. This library can be used in haptic rendering libraries, which allows developers to provide their own haptic device implementation. Finally, the SOFA library can also aid in debugging haptic algorithms, as it can provide developers with consistent haptic input and can allow them to experience what the users felt. CR Categories: D.2. 4 [Software Engineering]: Software/Program Verification—Validation; D.2. 5 [Software Engineering]: Testing and Debugging—Debugging aids; H.5. 2 [Information Interfaces and Presentation (e.g., HCI)]: User Interfaces—Haptic I/O
Human trafficking for sex exploitation in Thailand

Research paper addresses an issue of sex trafficking in the Kingdom of Thailand and analyzes it through external and internal perspectives. Firstly, legal framework of The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in regards to human rights violations and its activities to eliminate the problem in the region are examined. Secondly, historical reasons of sex industry in Thailand, state of affairs and its consequences for the society are discussed and local government’s activities are criticized. Lastly, sex tourism as a main cause of the problem is identified.
Investigation of the Reaction Mechanism between Bovine Collagen and a Triazine- Based Coupling Reagent - 253

The triazine-based coupling reagent 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride (DMTMM) is a promptly water-soluble white solid commonly used in chemical synthesis, which is proven to act as effective tanning agent. This research work provides an experimental evidence that the tanning ability of DMTMM is associated to an increase of the cross-linking density in the collagen molecule. As a result of the coupling reaction, DMTMM is converted into water-soluble by-products that can be removed by washing.
Preparation of binder-free CuO/Cu2O/Cu composites: a novel electrode material for supercapacitor applications

Cuprous(I) oxide (Cu2O) carries high theoretical specific capacitance (2247.6 F g−1), however, the amount of research about the supercapacitive performance of Cu2O is relatively small compared with other transition metal oxides. A composite of metal and metal oxide could improve the electrochemical performance efficiently. In this work, the results of XRD and XPS demonstrate that CuO/Cu2O/Cu is prepared successfully via a facile, eco-friendly, one-step template-free growth process. SEM figures show that cubic CuO/Cu2O/Cu uniformly and densely covers a skeleton of nickel foam. The binder-free CuO/Cu2O/Cu electrode exhibits excellent supercapacitive performance with a high specific capacitance of 878 F g−1 at a current density of 5 mA cm−2 (1.67 A g−1), when the current density is enlarged ten times (50 mA cm−2 (16.7 A g−1)), the specific capacitance still remains at 545 F g−1. Furthermore, we have first successfully constructed a CuO/Cu2O/Cu//AC asymmetric supercapacitor, which can achieve an energy density of 42 W h kg−1 at a power density of 0.44 kW kg−1. The good electrochemical performance and simple accessibility prove that the as-prepared CuO/Cu2O/Cu/NF electrode has a potential application in electrochemical capacitors.
TEXT SUMMARIZATION : AN OVERVIEW ∗

This paper presents an overview of Text Summarization . Text Summarization is a challenging problem these days. Due to the great amount of information we are provided with and thanks to the development of Internet technologies, needs of producing summaries have become more and more widespread. Summarization is a very interesting and useful task that gives support to many other tasks as well as it takes advantage of the techniques developed for related Natural Language Processing tasks. The paper we present here may help us to have an idea of what Text Summarization is and how it can be useful for.
When Malware Changed Its Mind An Empirical Study of Variable Program Behaviors in the Real World

Behavioral program analysis is widely used for understanding malware behavior, for creating rule-based detectors, and for clustering samples into malware families. However, this approach is ineffective when the behavior of individual samples changes across different executions, owing to environment sensitivity, evasive techniques or time variability. While the inability to observe the complete behavior of a program is a well-known limitation of dynamic analysis, the prevalence of this behavior variability in the wild, and the behavior components that are most affected by it, are still unknown. As the behavioral traces are typically collected by executing the samples in a controlled environment, the models created and tested using such traces do not account for the broad range of behaviors observed in the wild, and may result in a false sense of security. In this paper we conduct the ﬁrst quantitative analysis of behavioral variability in Windows malware, PUP and benign samples, using a novel dataset of 7.6M execution traces, recorded in 5.4M real hosts from 113 countries. We analyze program behaviors at multiple granularities, and we show how they change across hosts and across time. We then analyze the invariant parts of the malware behaviors, and we show how this affects the effectiveness of malware detection using a common class of behavioral rules. Our ﬁndings have action-able implications for malware clustering and detection, and they emphasize that program behavior in the wild depends on a subtle interplay of factors that may only be observed at scale, by monitoring malware on real hosts.