Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Presacral Tumours

Presacral or retrorectal tumours (PST) s is rare lesions, which range from cysts (usually benign) to malignant masses, invading surrounding tissues in the pelvis. According to the tumour’s origin, characteristics and behavior, PSTs are classified as follows: congenital, neurogenic, osseous, miscellaneous, and inflammatory. They present variable signs and symptoms, a fact that may delay their diagnosis and/or cause an inappropriate treatment with bad prognosis. Nonetheless, modern imaging modalities, such as CT and MRI may discover the true nature of a lesion, as well as whether it infiltrates neighboring viscera. In that way, they substantially contribute to a definitive diagnosis and a correct preoperative planning. While neoadjuvant chemotherapy and postoperative radiotherapy may offer benefits in certain PSTs, surgical resection is the primary therapeutic management. The anterior, posterior and combined abdominosacral approach are applied, according to tumour location and its relation to adjacent structures. In general, clinicians should maintain high clinical suspicion of the disease to avoid delayed or false diagnosis. Multidisciplinary approach is crucial for a prompt and accurate treatment.
Photochemical formation rates of organic aerosols through time‐resolved in situ laboratory measurements

[1] The fundamental kinetics of photochemical particle formation and the mechanism(s) for polymerization of hydrocarbons to form condensable species under anoxic conditions have yet to be determined experimentally. Thus these processes remain highly parameterized in models of planetary atmospheres. We have developed instrumentation for simultaneously measuring the net production rates of complex gas-phase hydrocarbons and of organic aerosols formed from irradiating mixtures of simple precursor gases through online quadrupole mass spectrometry measurements of stable gas-phase species and in situ optical scattering detection of the particulates at 633 nm. The new technique and results for the generation of hydrocarbon aerosol from the irradiation of pure, gas-phase CH4 at a pressure of 70 Torr with 8.8 ± 0.8 × 1015 photons s−1 of vacuum ultraviolet light (120–300nm) are reported. The net production rates for the following gaseous species are measured: H2 = 9.9 ± 2.2 · 1011, C2H2 = 2.8 ± 0.5 · 1010, C2H4 = 5.5 ± 9.4 · 109, C2H6 = 8.6 ± 2.5 · 1010, C3H4 = 2.5 ± 1.2 · 109, C4H2 = 6.6 ± 5.0 · 108, C4H10 = 1.3 ± 0.5 · 1010 cm−3 s−1. The production of hydrocarbon particulates is detected by optical scattering, and the condensed phase C-C bond formation rate is inferred to be 7.5 ± 3.1 · 1011 cm−3 s−1. Applications of this technique to the atmospheres of Titan and terrestrial-like planets, such as the early Earth before the rise of molecular oxygen, are discussed.
Preliminary Anthropometric Assessment of Nutritional Status for Rural Women in Shivpuri and Datia Districts of Madhya Pradesh State in India

This paper presents certain preliminary findings what are observed from real ground conditions on prevailing health and nutritional indicators for rural women which are socioeconomically deprived and living their life in constraint full conditions in two of the backward districts (Shivpuri and Datia) districts of Madhya Pradesh state of India. An effort is made to generate real ground information on prevailing status of rural women in regards to their health and nutritional status. Values of certain basic anthropometric indicators of nutrition were derived and reported herein to show the average situation of rural women by incorporating as much as 10 villages. The overall results have indicated the prevalence of under nutrition in both the regions, even being much higher than minimum global values. Findings reveal that the rural women in both the region are in a state of great deprivation due to poor socio economic status and lack of awareness about their health and nutrition. Anthropometric measurements showed that the heights deficits were more as compared to weight. BMI indicated that the half of the population on an average is nutritionally low in terms of their assessment and prevalence of underweight type of malnutrition is very much evident. It is recommended that there is an urgent need to create awareness about these deficits, and suitable regional strategies need to be implemented to combat them, among the communities at large, and the women in particular.
Acculturation Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Obesity in Immigrant Children and Adolescents

Childhood obesity (CO) is a significant public health issue in the United States, including the immigrant populations. Obese children and adolescents are at increased risk for multiple preventable comorbidities that affect their physical health and psychological well-being. The perception exists that the immigrant child population may possess protection against CO, but this group also experienced an increased prevalence of CO. Acculturation, or the adaptation to American culture and lifestyles, has been shown to be associated with the increased obesity rate among immigrant children and adolescents. Understanding the association between acculturation factors and CO is necessary to effectively combat obesity among children and adolescents in immigrant populations. The purpose of this literature review is to analyze the association of acculturation factors on the prevalence of CO among U.S. immigrant children and adolescents. Only articles that examined CO and at least one aspect of acculturation were included in this review. Twelve articles meeting the criteria were retrieved from CINAHL, Medline, PsychInfo, Academic Search Premier, and ERIC. The review identified the following acculturation factors to be associated with CO: parental immigration factors, child immigration factors, country of birth, generational status and primary home language, parental level of acculturation, and CO related lifestyle practices. There is modest evidence to suggest that a combination of acculturation factors is associated with increasing CO rate in immigrant populations. This review enhances the knowledge and awareness of public and pediatric healthcare professionals to develop targeted interventions that promote healthy weight in immigrant children and adolescents at increased risk
Resources , Aspirations , and Emerging

Drawing on the resource-based view and the behavioral theory of the firm, we examine how resources and aspirations affect rapid internationalization of firms from emerging economies. Using a 5-year panel from 257 publicly listed manufacturing firms from China, we find that neither technological resources nor marketing resources—two knowledge-based drivers traditionally identified to be behind internationalization—directly drive these firms’ growth in internationalization. Instead, we find that emerging multinationals’ performance relative to aspirations has a U-shaped impact on their growth in internationalization. In addition, technological resources amplify the U-shaped effect of performance relative to aspirations, while marketing resources weaken the effect.
Graphene-aluminum nitride nano plate resonators

The physical and electrical properties of the metal electrodes fundamentally limit volume and frequency scaling of conventional Micro and Nano Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS/NEMS) piezoelectric resonators. Furthermore, it has been shown that metal electrode damping and interface strain are responsible for the Q limits in conventional AlN Lamb wave resonators. In this thesis a stepping stone towards the development of metal-free piezoelectric NEMS resonators for ultra-high resolution and fast resonant sensing is set by integrating a 2D graphene electrode on top of an AlN resonant nano-plate in lieu of a relatively thicker and heavier metal electrode. Despite a bottom metal interdigital electrode is still employed in this first prototype, the fabricated Graphene-Aluminum Nitride Nano Plate Resonator (G-AlN NPR) is characterized by reduced mass (~43%) and volume (~16%), increased sound velocity, hence resonant frequency (~23%), and improved device figure of merit (kt⋅Q≈18) compared to a conventional AlN NPR device. The achieved high electromechanical performance of the ultra-thin, low mass and high frequency G-AlN nanomechanical resonator enabled the implementation of a low phase noise (-87 dBc/Hz @ 1kHz offset and -125 dBc/Hz floor) single transistor oscillator. The experimental results also demonstrate the great potential of the proposed technology for the implementation of a new class of ultra-sensitive and low noise G-AlN resonant sensors.
Physical Control of Streptococcus pyogenesand Proteus mirabilis Using He-Ne Laser

Microbiology is the science which deals with study of microorganisms. Some of them are beneficial and important with respect to industrial production. However most of the microorganisms are pathogen and cause the disease in human. There are several ways to control the population of microorganism including the use of antibiotics at the top; however the LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) irradiation also provides the effective way to control the microbial population. The bacteria selected were include both Gram positive i.e. Streptococcus pyogenes and Gram negative i.e. Proteus mirabilis. These bacteria are exposed to the 632.8nm He-Ne laser beam in order to study the effect. The increase in the exposure time of the radiation resulted in the reduction of the bacterial count due to their destruction because of the radiation. For Streptococcus pyogenes, the best results shows at 17.5 mW and 150 seconds, where as for Proteus mirabilis, the reduction occur at 17.5 mW for 150 seconds. Today LASER use in many field such as skin treatment, ulcerous would, the diabetic wounds. So once this method approve, this could be the invaluable tool to control bacteria
Application of machine vision in manufacturing of bearings using ANN and SVM

Bearings have a vital role in nearly all rotating machines. Making adequate bearings is very important that satisfy all needs which emerge both in manufacturing and during operation. In former times bearings were examined by only humans, however human inspection is instable and time consuming. In this article, we are investigating a machine learning system that could make more accurate measurements regarding geometry, shape, color, surface defects, deformations and other failures by image acquisition. To achive higher resolution, magnifying of the surface with optical microscopes and scanning electron microscope (SEM) is inevitable. With these methods even tiny failures can be detected. Machine learning methods have beeen developed such as artificial neural networks (ANN) and support vector machines (SVM). Bearing manufacturing failures, image processing techniques are presented in this article besides artificial neural network system that can percieve manufacturing defects approximately 90% eciency according to our experiments. Recent research is connected to a manufacturing of bearings in a real company in Hungary.
Science Magazine

HYDROFORMYLATION Taking pressure off cobalt Hydroformylation is a highvolume chemical process that manufactures aldehydes from olefins, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide. Cobalt carbonyl complexes served as the original catalysts, and although they have been superseded in many cases by rhodium, they are still used with long-chain olefins. However, high carbon monoxide pressure is generally applied on the assumption that the cobalt will otherwise undergo deactivation by clustering. After performing both kinetic and spectroscopic studies, Zhang et al. report that cobalt carbonyl CORRELATED MATERIALS Understanding the cuprate parent state Calculating the properties of materials with strong electron correlations, such as cuprate superconductors, from first principles is extremely challenging. Cui et al. developed a strategy that combines quantum embedding, ab initio quantum solvers, and periodic quantum chemistry. They used this strategy to establish causal relationships between the material composition of parent compounds of mercury-based cuprate superconductors and their magnetic properties. This approach may also prove fruitful in the more challenging case when the parent compounds are doped to induce superconductivity. —JS Science, abm2295, this issue p. 1192 SOLID-STATE PHYSICS Nanowire tip probes magnetism The material samarium hexaboride (SmB6) has been predicted to be a topological insulator that also features strong electronic correlations. Topological insulators exhibit so-called spin-momentum locking, which has been put to use in spintronics applications. Aishwarya et al. exploited these properties to achieve spin-polarized tunneling through a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip. The researchers mounted an SmB6 nanowire onto a trimmed tungsten tip. This combined tip was then used to image the magnetic state in the material Fe1+xTe. Unlike conventional spin-polarized STM, the authors’ setup does not require the application of an external magnetic field, which makes for a less-invasive probe. —JS Science, abj8765, this issue, p. 1218
Hybrid Recommendation System based on Preferences and Consumer Location for the Restaurant Sector of Tlaxcala

Currently the amount of information that can be accessed through the Internet is colossal, making it difficult to search for products or services that adapt to the requirements (tastes) of each user. For these reasons it has become necessary to build technological tools that provide some kind of reliable suggestions, such as Recommendations Systems, because their main objective is to help users find information about products or services in a better way by filtering all the information available thus achieving a better use of it.In this research work a method of Hybrid Recommendation is presented to create a list of recommended items (restaurants) to users (consumers) of the State of Tlaxcala, merging algorithms: Collaborative Filtering and Content Based. Furthermore, the user experience is improved by applying the user's GPS location as a filter to the recommendations. To measure the performance of the proposed system, we experimented with a set of data extracted from Foursquare and TripAdvisor.
Economic Growth & Poverty in Nigeria

Nigeria’s GDP per capita grew by 69.7% from 1992-2009 (World Bank, 2015), yet poverty levels have not significantly decreased over this period. Such persistent poverty levels amid economic growth confound a common theory that poverty reduction and economic growth are positively related (Chen & Ravallion, 2008; de Janvry & Sadoulet, 2010; Balakrishnan, Steinberg, & Syed, 2013). Many aid allocation formulas incorporate measures of income per capita but not measures of poverty, likely based on the assumption that average incomes are associated with reduced poverty. This project analyzes economic growth and poverty data to assess trends over time, and reviews the literature to explore hypothesized factors that may explain the pattern of high ongoing poverty rates in the country even in the presence of economic growth.
Coupled dipole method determination of the electromagnetic force on a particle over a flat dielectric substrate

We present a theory to compute the force due to light upon a particle on a dielectric plane by the Coupled Dipole Method (CDM). We show that, with this procedure, two equivalent ways of analysis are possible, both based on Maxwell’s stress tensor. The interest in using this method is that the nature and size or shape of the object, can be arbitrary. Even more, the presence of a substrate can be incorporated. To validate our theory, we present an analytical expression of the force due to the light acting on a particle either in presence, or not, of a surface. The plane wave illuminating the sphere can be either propagating or evanescent. Both two and three dimensional calculations are studied.
Spin waves near the edge of halogen substitution induced magnetic order in 
Ni(Cl1−xBrx)2·4SC(NH2)2

We report an inelastic neutron scattering study of magnetic excitations in a quantum paramagnet driven into a magnetically ordered state by chemical substitution, namely $\mathrm{Ni}{({\mathrm{Cl}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Br}}_{x})}_{2}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}4\mathrm{SC}{({\mathrm{NH}}_{2})}_{2}$ with $x=0.21(2)$. The measured spectrum is well accounted for by the generalized spin wave theory (GSWT) approach [M. Matsumoto and M. Koga, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 76, 073709 (2007)]. This analysis allows us to determine the effective Hamiltonian parameters for a direct comparison with those in the previously studied parent compound and ``underdoped'' system. The issue of magnon lifetimes due to structural disorder is also addressed.
A New Approach to Investigate Students’ Behavior by Using Cluster Analysis as an Unsupervised Methodology in the Field of Education

The problem of taking a set of data and separating it into subgroups where the elements of each subgroup are more similar to each other than they are to elements not in the subgroup has been extensively studied through the statistical method of cluster analysis. In this paper we want to discuss the application of this method to the field of education: particularly, we want to present the use of cluster analysis to separate students into groups that can be recognized and characterized by common traits in their answers to a questionnaire, without any prior knowledge of what form those groups would take (unsupervised classification). We start from a detailed study of the data processing needed by cluster analysis. Then two methods commonly used in cluster analysis are before described only from a theoretical point a view and after in the Section 4 through an example of application to data coming from an open-ended questionnaire administered to a sample of university students. In particular we describe and criticize the variables and parameters used to show the results of the cluster analysis methods.
Asymptotic theory of evolution and failure of self-sustained detonations

Based on a general theory of detonation waves with an embedded sonic locus that we have previously developed, we carry out asymptotic analysis of weakly curved slowly varying detonation waves and show that the theory predicts the phenomenon of detonation ignition and failure. The analysis is not restricted to near Chapman–Jouguet detonation speeds and is capable of predicting quasi-steady, normal detonation shock speed versus curvature ($D$–$\kappa$) curves with multiple turning points. An evolution equation that retains the shock acceleration, $\skew2\dot{D}$, namely a $\skew2\dot{D}$–$D$–$\kappa$ relation is rationally derived which describes the dynamics of pre-existing detonation waves. The solutions of the equation for spherical detonation are shown to reproduce the ignition/failure phenomenon observed in both numerical simulations of blast wave initiation and in experiments. A single-step chemical reaction described by one progress variable is employed, but the kinetics is sufficiently general and is not restricted to Arrhenius form, although most specific calculations are performed for Arrhenius kinetics. As an example, we calculate critical energies of direct initiation for hydrogen–oxygen mixtures and find close agreement with available experimental data.
Labor Market Impact of Labor Cost Increase without Productivity Gain: A natural experiment from the 2003 social insurance premium reform in Japan

Exploiting heterogeneous variations in labor cost increases due to Japan's 2003 social insurance premium reform as a natural experiment, we estimate the impacts of the increased social insurance premiums on employment, working hours, and payroll costs. Using the difference in differences (DID) method with establishment fixed effects, we find that firms reduce the number of employees and increase average annual earnings from longer working hours in response to an exogenous increase in labor costs without productivity gains. Firms manage to pay for this increase in the average wage paid to the remaining workers by reducing the number of employees to keep total payroll costs unchanged. In contrast, since social insurance premiums are shared equally between employees and employers, firms pay the remaining half of the premiums with which that they are imposed. Our results imply that an increase in labor costs without productivity gain may reduce employment.
Capacity Evaluation for Maximal Ratio Combining over κ-μ Fading Channels

Analysis of channel capacity per unit bandwidth of L - branch maxi- mal ratio combining (MRC) receiver operating over κ-μ fading channels for two adaptive transmission schemes is presented in this paper. Using the proposed system model, the optimal power and rate adaptation and constant transmit power policies are analyzed. New expressions for capacity evaluation are derived in terms of finite sums. The effects of diversity order and fading parameters on the channel capacity for given techniques have been considered and numericaly presented.
A Review of Genome-Wide Association Studies

I T is widely accepted that the phenotypic traits of an individ ual, whether they be individualising physical characteris ics or susceptibility to a particular disease, are heavily influ enced by their genome. In the case of Mendelian (monogenic) disorders, such as haemophilia and muscular dystrophy, there i s a strong causal relation between disease and single nucleot ide polymorphisms (SNPs), which are documented mutations of a single nucleotide (T,C,A,G) relative to some reference gen ome and occurring at a frequency of at least 1% throughout the species population [1]. SNPs occur within the human genome with a frequency of approximately one SNP per every three hundred bases, with the majority of SNPs being bialleic (exhibiting only two alleles, or number of alternative form s of the same gene or genetic locus). Unfortunately the majori ty of disorders are not monogenic, but rather individuals exhi bit a susceptibility that is a complex and undiscovered functio of the expression and corresponding interaction of many genes , as the effects of variations in protein biochemistry occur acr oss the large signalling networks that control cellular behavi our. To complicate matters further, these networks are heavily influenced by many environmental factors.