Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pathogenicity of Colletotrichum truncatum and its influence on soybean seed quality.

Pathogenicity of Colletotrichum truncatum and its influence on soybean seed quality were evaluated by artificial inoculation. C. truncatum enabled to establish as latent infection without showing any visible symptom in all seed components with maximum frequency values of 100% for seed coat, 43.0% for cotyledon and 30.0% for embryonic axes after 4 days of incubation period. The infection level remained the same in all seed components until the end of the incubation period. Fungal infection reduced seed germination by 29.2% and viability by 26.9% than un-inoculated seeds in vitro. Moreover, infection increased the electrolyte leakages compared with control. Under glasshouse conditions, pathogenicity of C. truncatum on seeds and seedlings was more virulent than that of controlled conditions. In the glass house, C. truncatum reduced seed germination and seedling survival by 46.4% and 75.8%, respectively and caused pre- and post-emergence damping-off of seedlings. However, fungal infection by C. truncatum increased protein and oleic acid content and reduced linoleic acid content, but did not change in extracted oil and other fatty acids when compared with un-inoculated seeds after 4 days of incubation.
In defense of the use of peripherally inserted central catheters in pediatric patients

Central venous access devices have revolutioned the care of children affected by malignancies, facilitating management of complex and prolonged infusive therapies, reducing pain and discomfort related to repeated blood samples and indiscriminate venipunctures, thus reducing also psychological stress of both patients and families. In this respect, peripherally inserted central catheters have been disseminated for use, even in pediatric oncology patients, for their many advantages: easy and non-invasive placement with no risk of insertion-related complications, as well as easy removal; reduced need for general anesthesia both for insertion and removal; adequate prolonged performance also for challenging therapies (e.g. stem cell transplantation); and low rate of late complications. Nonetheless, concerns have been recently raised about use of such devices in children with cancer, especially regarding a presumed (but not demonstrated) high risk of catheter-related venous thrombosis. Are we facing a new witch (or peripherally inserted central catheter) hunt? The choice of the central venous access device—particularly in oncologic children—should be based on an evaluation of clinical advantages and risks, as provided by appropriate and scientifically accurate clinical studies.
The Long-Term Effects of Bullying, Victimization, and Bystander Behavior on Emotion Regulation and Its Physiological Correlates

Bullying at school is a serious social problem that influences the wellbeing of everyone involved, that is, victims, perpetrators, and bystanders. Among the many health and psychological problems that these individuals may develop, emotion dysregulation appears to be a common marker. To date, however, it remains unclear whether bullying experienced during the school years is associated with emotion dysregulation also in adulthood. In this study, by adopting a retrospective approach, we investigated whether involvement in bullying at school—either as a bully, victim, or bystander—could put these individuals at risk of presenting deficits in emotion regulation in adulthood, as assessed with behavioral (explicit) and physiological (implicit) indexes (i.e., skin conductance), and whether the association between the involvement in bullying and emotion regulation was direct or mediated by other factors, such as somatic complaints and sensation seeking. A total of 58 young adults were asked to control their emotional reactions in front of images with strong emotional content, and to explicitly evaluate them with ratings, while their arousal was measured through skin conductance. They also responded to questionnaires about retrospective involvement in bullying, somatic complaints, and sensation seeking. Results revealed that victimization and bystander behavior were directly and negatively associated with emotion regulation as assessed with skin conductance, whereas bullying was positively associated with implicit emotion regulation through the mediation of sensation seeking. Interestingly, emotion regulation as assessed with explicit ratings was not associated with any of the characteristics of the participants. Our study suggests that being directly (as victim) but also indirectly (as bystander) involved in bullying at school time is associated with difficulties in emotional wellbeing in adulthood. Furthermore, it reveals that behavioral and physiological indexes associated with emotion regulation dissociate, suggesting that subtle physiological changes may remain hidden from explicit behavior.
Forest responses to simulated elevated CO2 under alternate hypotheses of size‐ and age‐dependent mortality

Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO2) is predicted to increase growth rates of forest trees. The extent to which increased growth translates to changes in biomass is dependent on the turnover time of the carbon, and thus tree mortality rates. Size‐ or age‐dependent mortality combined with increased growth rates could result in either decreased carbon turnover from a speeding up of tree life cycles, or increased biomass from trees reaching larger sizes, respectively. However, most vegetation models currently lack any representation of size‐ or age‐dependent mortality and the effect of eCO2 on changes in biomass and carbon turnover times is thus a major source of uncertainty in predictions of future vegetation dynamics. Using a reduced‐complexity form of the vegetation demographic model the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator to simulate an idealised tropical forest, we find increases in biomass despite reductions in carbon turnover time in both size‐ and age‐dependent mortality scenarios in response to a hypothetical eCO2‐driven 25% increase in woody net primary productivity (wNPP). Carbon turnover times decreased by 9.6% in size‐dependent mortality scenarios due to a speeding up of tree life cycles, but also by 2.0% when mortality was age‐dependent, as larger crowns led to increased light competition. Increases in aboveground biomass (AGB) were much larger when mortality was age‐dependent (24.3%) compared with size‐dependent (13.4%) as trees reached larger sizes before death. In simulations with a constant background mortality rate, carbon turnover time decreased by 2.1% and AGB increased by 24.0%, however, absolute values of AGB and carbon turnover were higher than in either size‐ or age‐dependent mortality scenario. The extent to which AGB increases and carbon turnover decreases will thus depend on the mechanisms of large tree mortality: if increased size itself results in elevated mortality rates, then this could reduce by about half the increase in AGB relative to the increase in wNPP.
A randomized phase I clinical trial comparing the pharmacokinetic, safety, and immunogenicity of potential biosimilar recombinant human HER2 monoclonal antibody for injection and trastuzumab in healthy Chinese adults

ABSTRACT Objectives Recombinant human HER2 monoclonal antibody for injection (AK-HER2) is a potential biosimilar of trastuzumab (Herceptin®). This phase Ⅰ study aimed to demonstrate the pharmacokinetic (PK) equivalence between AK-HER2 and trastuzumab in healthy volunteers. Besides, safety and immunogenicity were investigated. Research design and methods This was a randomized, double-blind phase Ⅰ trial in 96 healthy adults who received a single intravenous infusion of AK-HER2 or trastuzumab at 6 mg/kg. The primary PK endpoints were area under the serum concentration curve (AUC) from time 0 to the last time point (AUC0-t) and peak concentration in serum (Cmax). The PK bioequivalence was confirmed using the standard equivalence margins of 80%-125%. Results The PK profiles of AK-HER2 and trastuzumab displayed high similarity. The geometric mean ratios (90% confidence intervals) of primary PK endpoints were within 80%-125%. The C max and AUC 0-t of female subjects in the AK-HER2 group were greater than those of male subjects (P <0.05). No infusion-related reactions (IRRs) or anti-drug antibody-positivity was observed after dosing. Conclusions AK-HER2 was demonstrated to have highly similar PK to trastuzumab in healthy Chinese adults. Both drugs showed comparable safety and immunogenicity using dexamethasone as premedication to prevent IRRs.
Differential selection pressure exerted on HIV by CTL targeting identical epitopes but restricted by distinct HLA alleles from the same HLA supertype

Leslie, A. , D. A. Price, P. Mkhize, K. Bishop, A. Rathod, C. Day, H. Crawford, I. Honeyborne, T. E. Asher, G. Luzzi, A. Edwards, C. M. Rosseau, J. I. Mullins, G. Tudor-Williams, V. Novelli, C. Brander, D. C. Douek, P. Kiepiela, B. D. Walker, and P. J. R. Goulder. 2006. Differential selection pressure exerted on HIV by CTL targeting identical epitopes but restricted by distinct HLA alleles from the same HLA supertype. J. Immunol. 177: 4699–4708.
Episodes of natural selection shaped the interactions of IgA-Fc with FcαRI and bacterial decoy proteins

Abi-Rached, L. , K. Dorighi, P. J. Norman, M. Yawata, and P. Parham. 2007. Episodes of natural selection shaped the interactions of IgA-Fc with Fc RI and bacterial decoy proteins. J. Immunol. 178: 7943–7954. In Fig. 7, several fonts were not properly converted during production. Greek symbols were replaced by a question mark (? ). The characters used to display the statistical support in panel C were not set in boldface; consequently, the statistical support for several sites was not evident. The figure legend is correct. The corrected figure is shown below. The Journal of Immunology
Medical considerations in delusion of pregnancy: a systematic review

Abstract Purpose Delusions of pregnancy are associated with functional impairment and psychological distress. Previous works have focused on characterizing their etiology and identifying contributory social and cultural factors. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of the literature on medical or surgical comorbidities associated with delusions of pregnancy. Methods We searched Google Scholar, PubMed, and PsycInfo using the terms “pregnancy delusion,” “delusional pregnancy,” “pseudocyesis”, and “false/pseudo/phantom/spurious pregnancy” to identify all published cases of delusional pregnancies. We included cases in which medical or surgical factors might have contributed to the delusion. We extracted the following information from selected case reports: patient age, psychiatric diagnoses, medications, medical comorbidities, somatic complaints, treatment, and outcome. Results We found that 23 of 140 cases (16.4%) were potentially influenced by concomitant medical or surgical conditions including gallstones, abdominal tumors, hyperprolactinemia, constipation, a tubal cyst, and esophageal achalasia. Medical or surgical treatment was pursued in 15 of these 23 cases, followed by mitigation of the delusion in ten cases. Conclusions We emphasize the importance of a thorough workup including physical and gynecological examinations in patients presenting with a delusion of pregnancy. Clinicians should recognize and overcome potential barriers to undertaking comprehensive assessments in order to prevent delays in management and treatment of underlying medical or surgical conditions.
Nest Survival, Predators and Breeding Performance of Booted Warblers Iduna caligata in the Abandoned Fields of the North of European Russia

Abstract. We examined breeding performance and the nest survival of Booted Warbler Iduna caligata on abandoned fields in Vologda region, Russia. We modelled daily survival rates (DSR) using data on 250 nests found in 2002–2011. We compared relative effects of year, nest age, date, weather conditions and nest placement characteristics. Clutch size did not vary over the study period and was on average 5.69 ± 0.04 eggs. Inter-seasonal variability was the most important component of DSR variation. The top model included a year effect, a quadratic nest age term and an interaction between year and quadratic age. Overall nest success varied greatly from 0.03 in 2008 to 0.7 in 2007. Nest height was an important nest placement covariate, nest remoteness from villages and roads were not influential. We detected the species composition of predators by watching nests of Booted Warblers and other grassland passerines as well as by observing the artificial nests. The main predators were carnivorous mammals, Common Viper Vipera berus, Harriers and corvids. Predator pressure was the main factor that determined nest success of Booted Warblers. Intra- and inter-annual fluctuations in the activity of predators may cause corresponding changes in nest success of Booted Warbler.
Size-Preserving Translations from Order-(n+1) Word Grammars to Order-n Tree Grammars

Higher-order grammars have recently been studied actively in the context of automated veriﬁcation of higher-order programs. Asada and Kobayashi have previously shown that, for any order-( n + 1) word grammar, there exists an order-n grammar whose frontier language coincides with the language generated by the word grammar. Their translation, however, blows up the size of the grammar, which inhibited complexity-preserving reductions from decision problems on word grammars to those on tree grammars. In this paper, we present a new translation from order-( n + 1) word grammars to order-n tree grammars that is size-preserving in the sense that the size of the output tree grammar is polynomial in the size of an input tree grammar. The new translation and its correctness proof are arguably much simpler than the previous translation and proof. 2012 ACM Subject Classiﬁcation Theory of computation → Formal languages and automata theory Keywords and phrases higher-order grammar
The Effects of Prescribed Burning on Soil and Litter Invertebrate Diversity and Abundance in an Illinois Oak Woodland

ABSTRACT The effect of 23 years of low intensity prescribed burning on soil and litter invertebrates was studied over 18 months. Samples were collected from 40 plots distributed among annually burned, periodically burned (every 3–4 yrs), and unburned areas of an oak woodland. A total of 26,416 invertebrates representing 21 classes and orders were extracted from soil core and litter layer samples using Berlese-Tullgren funnels. Invertebrates were 25 times more abundant in litter than soil, and Acari and Collembola were the most prevalent taxa, accounting for 76% and 17%, respectively, of the total collection. Statistical analyses of the Shannon entropy index for diversity and associated values of class and order richness, evenness, and abundance indicated that burning was not associated with significant changes in the broad invertebrate community. Average Shannon entropy indices (H) ranged from 0.73 to 0.78 across burn treatments for soil samples and from 0.43 to 0.46 for litter samples. However, within Acari, diversity indices were significantly lower (P < 0.0005) in annually burned plots (H = 0.72) versus unburned controls (H = 0.85), and periodic burn plots had an intermediate H value of 0.79. Taxa evenness was similar in all treatments (J = 0.40–0.57), reflecting the widespread distribution of Acari and Collembola and rare occurrence of several orders from which 20 or fewer individuals were collected. Fall sample dates had more diverse (soil and litter) and abundant (soil) invertebrate assemblages than the spring date (P ≤ 0.001). reflecting large seasonal shifts in Acari. The average depth of the litter layer was similar, at 2.8–3.1 cm, in all three burn treatments, and was most varied in unburned plots. Collectively, the findings suggest that long term burning of the woodland for the purpose of vegetation management has not altered significantly the broadly classified invertebrate community. Possible influences of postfire recovery interval, low fire intensity, and remnant litter refugia are considered.
MPTP Toxicity: Implications for Research in Parkinson's Disease

: In summary, the parkinsonism induced by MPTP in man closely resembles time-telescoped Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonian symptoms can be duplicated in all aspects under controlled conditions in subhuman primates; the biochemical changes are replicated in mice, dogs, and to varying degrees in other species. Mechanisms of bioactivation by MAO-B of MPTP to MPP+, concentration of MPP+ in neurons with a catecholamine uptake system, and vulnerability to cellular toxic effects of MPP+ are the basis for the specificity of MPTP targeting of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. It is hoped that an understanding of the mechanism of species specificity and cellular toxicity will in time explain the pathogenesis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease and suggest new opportunities for effective therapy.
Aryl Phosphonate-Directed Ortho C-H Borylation: Rapid Entry into Highly-Substituted Phosphoarenes.

Phosphonate-directed ortho C-H borylation of aromatic phosphonates is reported. Using simple starting materials and com-mercially accessible catalysts, this method provides steady access to ortho-phosphonate aryl boronic esters bearing pendant functionality and flexible substitution patterns. These products serve as flexible precursors for a variety of highly-substituted phosphoarenes, and in situ downstream functionalization of the products is described.
The importance of total‐body photography and sequential digital dermatoscopy for monitoring patients at increased melanoma risk

The incidence of melanoma is rising and prevention plays an important role. Multiple nevi as well as a medical history of melanoma are important risk factors. In affected patients, a two‐step algorithm consisting of total‐body photography (TBP) and sequential digital dermatoscopy (SDD) is a helpful diagnostic tool.
Development of a High-Fidelity Robotic Assisted Kidney Transplant (RAKT) Simulation Platform using 3D Printing and Hydrogel Casting Technologies.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Despite the adoption of robotic donor nephrectomy, the steep learning curve of robotic recipient transplantation has hindered the implementation of a complete robotic assisted kidney transplantation (RAKT). We sought to develop a high-fidelity, perfused, full immersion, non-biohazardous platform for RAKT simulation training. METHODS A three-dimensional (3D) computer aided design (CAD) model consisting of a kidney, pelvicalyceal system, renal artery and vein was created from a CT scan of a donor patient. 3D printed casts designed from the CAD model were injected with various polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel formulations to fabricate an anatomical kidney phantom and surrounding abdominal cavity. The process was repeated using a recipient's CT scan to create the recipient pelvic model containing a bony pelvis, pelvic musculature, iliac arteries and veins, and bladder. Donor and recipient models each contained structures to simulate the perfused vascular and ureterovesical anastomosis. A board-certified transplant surgeon completed a robotic training curriculum including four RAKT simulation procedures, from procurement of the donor kidney to final retroperitonealization. Metrics from the simulations (e.g. arterial, venous, ureterovesical, and total anastomosis times) were recorded and compared to surgical times from published data. RESULTS The average time for the nephrectomies was 67.33 (±31.58) minutes. The average total anastomosis time was 60.85 (±9.73) minutes with 20.37 (±3.87), 20.17 (±4) and 15.1 (±2.35) minutes for arterial, venous and ureterovesical anastomosis respectively. The recorded arterial and venous anastomosis times were within published times for competency (Δ=2.47 and Δ=2.87, respectively) while the uterovesical time was within the mastery range (Δ=0.45). CONCLUSIONS Using a combination of 3D printing and hydrogel casting technologies, a high fidelity, perfused, full-immersion, non-biohazardous simulation platform for RAKT was developed. The utilization of this platform has the potential to replace the early cases in a learning curve while decreasing the barriers to utilization for transitioning transplant surgeons.
A Siberian vegetation model based on climatic parameters

A model for predicting the spatial distribution of the major vegetation zones in Siberia is developed from bioclimatological considerations. Driving variables are growing degree-days (5 °C base), Budyko's dryness index, and Conrad's continentality index. Because these indices reflect the underlying climatic factors determining plants' requirements for warmth, drought resistance, and cold tolerance, they define the main features of vegetation zonation. Climatic inputs (monthly mean temperature, precipitation, vapor pressure, cloudiness, and albedo) are obtained from a global climatic database, supplemented by additional weather stations in Siberia; resolution is 0.5° longitude by 0.5° latitude. The performance of the model is examined by comparing our Siberian vegetation predictions with the landscape map of the USSR by Isachenko, a map that was not used for model development. The patterns of vegetation predicted by the Siberian vegetation model generally match well with the vegetation patterns on Isachenk.
Systemic vascular resistance predicts the development of hypertension: the cardiovascular risk in young Finns study

Abstract Purpose To study whether systemic hemodynamics, especially systemic vascular resistance, predicts the development of hypertension and improves the risk prediction of incident hypertension beyond common risk factors in the risk models in young adults. Materials and methods Typical risk factors for hypertension in the risk prediction models (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, parental history of hypertension, age, sex, body-mass index, smoking), laboratory values (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein), heart rate (HR), stroke index (SI), and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) calculated by whole-body impedance cardiography were evaluated in 2007 and blood pressure in 2011 in 1293 Finnish adults (aged 30–45 years; females 56%; n = 1058 normotensive in 2007). Results Of hemodynamic variables, SVRI and HR evaluated in 2007 were independently associated with systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001 and p = 0.047, respectively) and SVRI with diastolic blood pressure measured in 2011 (p = 0.014), and SVRI and HR were independent predictors of incident hypertension (p < 0.001 and p = 0.024, respectively). SVRI was the most significant predictor of incident hypertension independently of other risk factors (odds ratio 2.73 per 1 standard deviation increase, 95% confidence interval 1.93–3.94, p < 0.001). The extended prediction model (including SVRI) improved the incident hypertension risk prediction beyond other risk factors, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.846 versus 0.817 (p = 0.042) and a continuous net reclassification improvement of 0.734 (p < 0.001). Conclusions These findings suggest that systemic vascular resistance index predicts the incidence of hypertension in young adults and that the evaluation of systemic hemodynamics could provide an additional tool for hypertension risk prediction.