Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE CORRUPTION-INEQUALITY INCOME TRAP: A STUDY OF SOME ASIAN COUNTRIES

There is ambiguity found in the studies of the impact of corruption on economic growth—the Grease the Wheel Hypothesis as opposed to the Sand the Wheel Hypothesis—which has triggered this research to look at the impact of corruption from another perspective, i.e income inequality. This study demonstrates that a reciprocal influence exists between corruption and income inequality in some Asian countries, otherwise known as the corruption-inequality trap. This was done by using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Tobit, and Two Stage Least Square (2SLS) methods. The results show that higher levels of corruption can aggravate income inequality, and higher income inequality levels can affect the higher level of corruption in some Asian countries. Other variables that have a significant effect on income inequality in the Asian countries sampled are per capita income, the gross enrollment rate in primary education, population growth, foreign direct investment, and governance.
Inter-character Relationships of Okra Traits as Affected by Environment

The complexity of relationships among traits that determine yield and the influence of environment on agronomic traits make the study of plant character correlation across environments necessary in plant breeding. Inter-character relationships of agronomic traits were evaluated on genotypes of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L). Moench] over three environments in Nigeria to compare the stability of relationships and determine traits to be targeted in development of an efficient selection index for okra yield improvement. Data were recorded on seed yield, pod yield, 100-seed weight, pod length, pod width, number of leaves and branches, stem diameter, plant height, and days to flowering. Components of variance and covariance were utilized to calculate environmental, genotypic, and phenotypic correlations among seed yield and other traits. Plant height, stem diameter, and pod yield had significant genotypic and phenotypic correlations among themselves and also had genotypic and phenotypic correlations with seed yield over environments. These traits could be utilized to develop a selection index to be applied across locations to increase seed yield in okra.
Enzymatic variation in African clariid catfishes

Enzymatic polymorphism was examined at 13 protein loci in four African clariid catfish species: Clarias anguillaris (Linnaeus, 1758), C. ebriensis Pellegrin, 1920, C. gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) and Heterobranchus longifilis Valenciennes, 1840. The latter appears to be closer to C. anguillaris and C. gariepinus than C. ebriensis. These results correspond with recently published karyological and morphometrical data. Reproductive compatibility, under laboratory conditions at least, is demonstrated between C. gariepinus and H. longifilis. The hybrids were shown to be completely intermediate between the parental strains.
Design of New Electrochemical Sensors and Detection Application of Chemical Feedstock Residues

The contamination of chemical residues with great harm, long duration, and wide range of action has increasingly become the focus of research. Taking electrochemical sensor as research basis, a new threeelectrode electrochemical sensor is designed based on the decomposition principle of chemical enzyme media. The electrode system of this sensor brings in the graphene nanocomposites with excellent conductivity and ZnSe quantum dots with good enzyme immobilization. It not only guarantees the activity of acetylcholinesterase, but also reduces the impedance and improves the accuracy and sensitivity of the detection system. By adopting the designed detection system, based on the inhibitory effects of chemical ions and enzyme media, it is available to test the chemical ions. The test results show that the average recovery rate of chemical ions is between 94% and 108% when using the optimal detection conditions determined in the dissertation, and the deviation value is less than 0.01, indicating that the sensor can accurately detect the actual chemical feedstock residues.
MICROCHANNEL HEAT EXCHANGER AIR SIDE HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION

Heat transfer simulations in a heat exchanger with the microchannel coil have been done and described in this paper. The aim of this study was to use a previously validated mathematical model and numerical procedure of compact heat exchangers type with straight microchannels and to investigate heat fluxes dependence on different geometry and operating parameters. According to dimensions of the heat exchanger, which is commonly used in HVAC units as a condensing unit, a 3D mathematical model has been defined and solved numerically. The objective function has been developed with selected input parameters of heat exchanger: fin pitch, flat tube transversal row pitch, and air inlet velocity. Response surface methodology has been applied to derive a polynomial function that describes power density change according to three selected input parameters. Finally, the created function has been subjected to genetic algorithm optimization procedure. Optimal setup for a given geometry and operating parameters has been acquired and followed with discussion and conclusions. INTRODUCTION Permanent need for improvement of heat transfer has led to the use of microchannels in compact heat exchangers. In this way, extremely high heat transfer rates can be achieved under confined conditions [1]. Heat exchangers with microchannel coil (further in text MCHX) are widely used in various ways as HVAC unit condensers, evaporators or for water coil applications [2]. Their modular design, high-efficiency heat exchange, and robustness are some of their advantages compared to other types of compact heat exchangers [3]. A large number of research papers about MCHX can be found with different topics that deal with both single phase [4, 5] or with phase change processes [6, 7]. According to [8], the performance of the heat exchanger can be evaluated by various criteria: coefficient of performance (COP), compactness factor (CF) and power density (PD). COP is defined as the ratio of the total heat removed to the electrical input of the blower. CF is the total heat removed per unit of heat exchanger volume and PD is total heat removed per unit of heat exchanger mass. NOMENCLATURE Abbreviations CF compactness factor COP coefficient of performance MCHX heat exchangers with microchannel coil PD power density Special characters c specific heat capacity, J kg-1 K-1 dh hydraulic diameter, m Fp fin pitch, m Ft fin thickness, m k thermal conductivity, W m-1 K-1 m mass, kg n normal direction coordinate, m p pressure, Pa Pt transversal MCHX tube row pitch, m R2 coefficient of determination Q heat transfer rate, W T temperature, K u x-axis velocity component, m s-1 v y-axis velocity component, m s-1 w z-axis velocity component, m s-1  u velocity vector, m s-1 x, y, z Cartesian coordinates, m x Uncoded input parameter X Coded input parameter Greek  dynamic viscosity, Pa s
Prediction of Explosive Spalling of Heated Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete using Artificial Neural Networks

Explosive spalling is a severe threat to concrete at high temperature. The addition of steel fibers is believed to be useful to mitigate explosive spalling of concrete. But predicting explosive spalling of steel fiber reinforced concrete remains to be a challenging topic. This paper adopted a popular machine learning approach, i.e., artificial neural network (ANN), to predict explosive spalling of steel fiber reinforced concrete and furthermore study the effect of steel fibers on explosive spalling resistance of concrete. Two ANN models were developed, with ANN1 concrete mix-based and ANN2 concrete strength-based. Twenty groups of heating tests were conducted to validate the proposed ANN models. Both ANN models showed the prediction accuracy of 100%, which demonstrates that ANN is a powerful tool for assessing explosive spalling risk of steel fiber reinforced concrete. A parametric study was also conducted to investigate the effect of steel fibers on explosive spalling resistance of concrete using the well-validated ANN1.
Interferometric transmission probing with coded mutual intensity

We introduce a new interferometric imaging methodology that we term interferometry with coded mutual intensity, which allows selectively imaging photon paths based on attributes such as their length and endpoints. At the core of our methodology is a new technical result that shows that manipulating the spatial coherence properties of the light source used in an interferometric system is equivalent, through a Fourier transform, to implementing light path probing patterns. These patterns can be applied to either the coherent transmission matrix, or the incoherent light transport matrix describing the propagation of light in a scene. We test our theory by building a prototype inspired by the Michelson interferometer, extended to allow for programmable phase and amplitude modulation of the illumination injected in the interferometer. We use our prototype to perform experiments such as visualizing complex fields, capturing direct and global transport components, acquiring light transport matrices, and performing anisotropic descattering, both in steady-state imaging and, by combining our technique with optical coherence tomography, in transient imaging.
Structured Variational Inference in Partially Observable UnstableGaussian Process State Space Models

We propose a new variational inference algorithm for learning in Gaussian Process State-Space Models (GPSSMs). Our algorithm enables learning of unstable and partially observable systems, where previous algorithms fail. Our main algorithmic contribution is a novel approximate posterior that can be calculated efﬁciently using a single forward and backward pass along the training trajec-tories. The forward-backward pass is inspired on Kalman smoothing for linear dynamical systems but generalizes to GPSSMs. Our second contribution is a modiﬁcation of the conditioning step that effectively lowers the Kalman gain. This modiﬁcation is crucial to attaining good test performance where no measurements are available. Finally, we show experimentally that our learning algorithm performs well in stable and unstable real systems with hidden states.
Post-fledging dependence period and development of flight and hunting behaviour in the Red Kite Milvus milvus

The post fledging dependence period of 37 Red Kites was studied in the Don¸ana Biological Reserve (Spain). The juveniles fledged at a mean age of 55.1 days and remained near the nest, depending on their parents for food, for on average a further 25.6 days. Flight behaviour of the fledglings showed both a gradual increase in time spent flying and a transition from flapping to gliding and soaring flights. Hunting behaviour and manipulative play with objects were very rare during 511 hours spent observing juveniles during the post fledging dependence period. It seems that juveniles do not start searching for food until they are independent. On average young kites were captured in baited traps for the first time 31.5 days after fledging. Some juveniles dispersed from the natal area as they became independent but most remained in the natal area for a variable period of up to 42 days before dispersal. Mortality during the postfledging period was 13.5%.
Expressions of IFN-γ and IL-4 before and after Treatment of Lupus Nephritis with Traditional Chinese Medicine Combined with Cyclophosphamide and Their Values for Efficacy Prediction and Evaluation

Background: To explore IFN-γ (interferon-γ) and IL-4 (interleukin-4) expressions before and after the treatment of LN (lupus nephritis) and their values for efficacy prediction and evaluation. Methods: Altogether 107 patients with LN treated in the First Hospital of Qiqihaer City, Qiqihar, China from March 2017 to September 2018 were enrolled. Sixty-two patients were treated with cyclophosphamide and prednisolone (control group), while another 45 patients were treated with Qing Shen Fang based on the control group (observation group). Their clinical efficacy and changes in immune indices after treatment were observed. Results: Compared with those in the control group, clinical efficacy, IFN-γ, IL-4, hemoglobin, complements C3 and C4, ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate), serum IgG, SLEDAI (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index) score, and TCMSSS (Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Score Scale) score were significantly improved after treatment in the study group. Based on the observation, IFN-γ and IL-4 could be used as potential indicators for evaluating clinical efficacy. Conclusion: The combination of cyclophosphamide, prednisolone, and Qing Shen Fang improves conditions of patients with LN and significantly reduces their IFN-γ and IL-4 levels in serum. IFN-γ and IL-4 can be used as potential indicators for the efficacy prediction and evaluation of the disease.
Looking at Body Expressions to Enrich Emotion Clusters

This paper combines two of Linguateca’s projects – Esqueleto (on the human body) and Emocionário (on emotions), to investigate which areas of the human body and, therefore, body words or expressions, are mentioned when Portuguese speakers want to describe emotions or opinions. We present a body map as a novel research tool to describe the connections between the two domains.
A model for shock-wave loaded concrete with discrete cracks

If concrete is loaded by explosive or other high-dynamic loads material models for concrete developed for static analysis can not be used. Experiments with concrete under dynamic loading show an increased compression and tensile strength. The compression and tensile strength is increasing at strain rates higher than 10−1s−1 because of the restriction of crack growing by inertia effects. The influence of other phenomena decreases at high strain rates. [1]
INTEGRATION OF PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS INTO THE FAIR CONTROL SYSTEM USING FESA

For the upcoming 'Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research' (FAIR) at GSI, the Front End Software Architecture (FESA) framework built by CERN has been chosen to serve as front-end level of the future FAIR control system [1]. All beam diagnostic devices of FAIR will be controlled by FESA classes that are addressable by the new control system. The connectivity to the old control system is retained, since both control systems will be in operation contemporaneously for several years. Commercially available Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) have been installed as part of Beam Induced Fluorescence (BIF) monitors to replace outdated network attached devices and to improve the reliability of the BIF systems. The new PLC devices are controlled by FESA classes which are
SIGCSE: G: Monitoring - An Intervention to Improve Team Results in Software Engineering Education

Software engineering education is currently being taught in many universities with a hands-on approach. Students develop software in teams, intending to simulate industry, in order to minimize the gap between what universities teach and what industry needs. The industry “simulation” that a university performs in software engineering courses is a good approach but it is normally undermined by student bad behaviors (free-riding, social loaﬁng and student syndrome). In this work I propose the use of reﬂexive weekly monitoring (RWM) to mitigate these students’ bad behaviors that can disrupt team results and learning. The use of the RWM in the past ﬁve semesters in a software engineering course, has improved teams’ results in terms of both, project deployment rate and ﬁnal grades.
Design and Fabrication of a Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) for LEO Satellite Application

The paper is mainly emphasizes on the microstrip patch antenna design for satellite applications. The specific objective of this study is to solve the research problem on finding the simple and compact design for small satellite application in real world. A new design of a Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) with the two height of 12mm and 10mm are proposed for low Earth orbit (LEO) applications in S band. The antenna is a single form antenna with the coaxial probe fed is used. CST Microwave Studio student version was used for the simulation of the antenna and matching design parameters. The antennas are obtained an efficient high return loss -18.426dB and -18.169dB at S11, the return loss bandwidth of 471MHz and 466MHz. The radiation pattern results are analyzed beam width angle 85.1° and 95.1°. Moreover, the peak directivity gain results 4.7dBi and 4.79dBi, the absolute E-filed radiation effect are also presented. The actual measurement results for S11 parameter of return loss -13.54dB and -14.2dB, return loss bandwidth of 510MHz and 425MHz are also fabricated with the comparison of simulation and fabrication process of PIFA antenna characteristics. The measurement of the return loss (S11) and return loss bandwidth were almost identical with the simulation.
Factors Affecting the Efficiency of Chimera Production by Coculture of Zona-Free Embryos with Frozen-Thawed Embryonic Stem Cells in Mice

Zona-free uncompacted 8-cell (8C) or partially compacted 8-cell (8-M) stage embryos were cocultured with frozen-thawed TT2 embryonic stem (ES) cells at a density of either 5.5 × 105 or 5.5 × 106 cells/ml. When zona-free embryos at the 8C and 8-M stage were cocultured with frozen-thawed ES cells at a density of 5.5 × 105 cells/ml, 5% and 32% of the embryos developed to the blastocyst stage after overnight culture, respectively. At a density of 5.5 × 106 cells/ml, however, developmental rates to the blastocyst stage of 8C and 8-M were only 12% and 15%, respectively. When the 8C and 8-M embryos were cocultured with frozen-thawed ES cells at a density of 5.5 × 105 cells/ml, there was no difference in the number of ES cells attached to either of them. The 8-M showed no significant difference in development to blastocyst stage in spite of the number of attached ES cells. However, the development rate to blastocyst was significantly reduced when the 8C aggregated with high numbers of ES cells. When the blastocysts were transferred into recipients, the percentage of chimeric mice in newborns ranged between 0-25%. In comparison, the percentage of newborn chimeric mice after transfer of the morula to small blastocyst ranged between 13-60%. One cause of this high frequency of chimerism after transferring morula derived from 8C was delayed preimplantation development of the embryos with high numbers of attached ES cells.
ΔF508 CFTR protein expression in tissues from patients with cystic fibrosis

Heterologous expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) provided evidence that the major cystic fibrosis (CF) mutation ΔF508 leads to defective protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum, which prevents its processing and targeting to the cell surface. In this study, we investigated endogenous CFTR expression in skin biopsies and respiratory and intestinal tissue specimens from ΔF508 homozygous and non-CF patients, using immunohistochemical and immunoblot analyses with a panel of CFTR antibodies. CFTR expression was detected at the luminal surface of reabsorptive sweat ducts and airway submucosal glands, at the apex of ciliated cells in pseudostratified respiratory epithelia and of isolated cells of the villi of duodenum and jejunum, and within intracellular compartments of intestinal goblet cells. In ΔF508 homozygous patients, expression of the mutant protein proved to be tissue specific. Whereas ΔF508 CFTR was undetectable in sweat glands, the expression in the respiratory and intestinal tracts could not be distinguished from the wild-type by signal intensity or localization. The tissue-specific variation of ΔF508 CFTR expression from null to apparently normal amounts indicates that ΔF508 CFTR maturation can be modulated and suggests that determinants other than CFTR mislocalization should play a role in ΔF508 CF respiratory and intestinal disease.
A low-parametric rhombic microstructure family for irregular lattices

New fabrication technologies have significantly decreased the cost of fabrication of shapes with highly complex geometric structure. One important application of complex fine-scale geometric structures is to create variable effective elastic material properties in shapes manufactured from a single material. Modification of material properties has a variety of uses, from aerospace applications to soft robotics and prosthetic devices. Due to its scalability and effectiveness, an increasingly common approach to creating spatially varying materials is to partition a shape into cells and use a parametric family of small-scale geometric structures with known effective properties to fill the cells. We propose a new approach to solving this problem for extruded, planar microstructures. Differently from existing methods for two-scale optimization based on regular grids with square periodic cells, which cannot conform to an arbitrary boundary, we introduce cell decompositions consisting of (nearly) rhombic cells. These meshes have far greater flexibility than those with square cells in terms of approximating arbitrary shapes, and, at the same time, have a number of properties simplifying small-scale structure construction. Our main contributions include a new family of 2D cell geometry structures, explicitly parameterized by their effective Young's moduli E, Poisson's ratios v, and rhombic angle α with the geometry parameters expressed directly as smooth spline functions of E, v, and α. This family leads to smooth transitions between the tiles and can handle a broad range of rhombic cell shapes. We introduce a complete material design pipeline based on this microstructure family, composed of an algorithm to generate rhombic tessellation from quadrilateral meshes and an algorithm to synthesize the microstructure geometry. We fabricated a number of models and experimentally demonstrated how our method, in combination with material optimization, can be used to achieve the desired deformation behavior.
Pilot survey to assess sample size for herbaceous species composition assessments using a wheel-point apparatus on the Zululand coastal plain

A pilot survey to determine sub-sample size (number of point observations per plot) for herbaceous species composition assessments, using a wheel-point apparatus applying the nearest-plant method, was conducted. Three plots differing in species composition on the Zululand coastal plain were selected, and on each plot 2 000 point observations were collected. Thirty sets of N point observations were produced, where N = 10, 20, 30, 40 to 300. For each 30 sets of N points, percentage replicate similarities were calculated. To the mean percentage replicate similarity, a Chapman-Richards function was fitted, and the asymptotic value (β0) was used to assess the increase in mean replicate similarity with increasing sample size. Efficient sample sizes were ≤ 200 point-observations per plot, and in some situations, ±150 points might suffice. The sample size selected depends on the goals, species diversity and equitabilities (for species contributing >10% to sward composition), and the financial and time resources available.