Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TAX STIMULATION OF AGRICULTURAL GOODS MANUFACTURERS

The article defines the purpose of tax stimulation of agricultural enterprises, namely the economic impact of the state on the production, processing and sale of agricultural products, raw materials and food, as well as logistics aimed at improving the efficiency of activities at all levels and harmonizing the interests of the state and enterprises. A social survey was conducted to evaluate the tax system of Ukraine and the results were presented. The system of tax stimulation of agricultural entities is presented. It is proved that innovation and investment policy has a significant impact on the activities that at this stage of financial and economic development tax regulation of agricultural entities does not fully contribute to the development and growth of production, their functioning on self-financing and self-sufficiency. The agrarian sector of the economy is strategically important, which is why state support of the national agrarian sector is aimed at its effective functioning, which can be achieved through prudent state regulation in general and methods of tax stimulation in particular. Therefore, taxation, which has undergone significant changes in recent years, has become one of the key methods of state regulation. At the same time, as practice shows, the introduction of these changes is not always adapted to the tendencies of transformation of tax systems in the agrarian sphere in the countries with developed market relations. The state must guarantee the stability of the basic principles of taxation, and the mechanisms and rules of their action must be set out in a single document - the Tax Code of Ukraine. This document should embody the essence of a new or updated tax policy that will not only determine the trajectory of tax relations and tax law development, but will combine tax reform trends and trends with the country's economic development strategy. The conducted research shows that at this stage of financial and economic development, tax regulation of agricultural business entities does not fully contribute to the development and growth of production, their functioning on self-financing and self-sufficiency.
Increase of Sliding Mode Controller Stability Limit

An important consideration in control issues is control of nonlinear systems. Sliding control is among those nonlinear controllers that can control the system desirably in the presence of unstructured uncertainties of carelessness in specifying parameters of the system. In sliding control, also called Variable Structure Control, the main objectives of the controller * $ %. / ** $ D ow nl oa de d fr om jc m e. iu t.a c. ir at 1 1: 59 IR D T o n F rid ay J ul y 31 st 2 02 0
Genome-wide association study for carcase traits in spent hens at 72 weeks old

Abstract To determine the genetic architecture underlying spent hen carcase traits, especially in late laying, we used 1512 hens generated from Dongxiang Blue-Shelled and White Leghorn chickens to implement genome-wide association studies by high-density arrays. A total of 266 loci that mapped to (Gallus gallus chromosome) GGA1, GGA4 and GGA27 were detected. After linkage disequilibrium analysis, five SNPs were considered as candidate markers because they located on or near the genes CKAP2, RB1, CCKAR, NCAPG and IGF2BP1. The heritability of all carcase traits was high, and SNP effects ranged from 3.24% to 8.72%. These findings provide new insights into the genetic architecture of carcase traits in spent layer hens. Highlights Resource population generated from two breeds were used to measure carcass traits in spent hens. A total of 266 loci association with carcass traits located on GGA1, GGA4, and GGA27. Five putative candidate genes CKAP2, RB1, CCKAR, NCAPG and IGFBP1 were obtained after gene annotation.
Ethnic Identity Status Among University Students in Ethiopia

Ethnic identity is conceptualized as that part of a person’s self-knowledge defined by membership in, and emotional connection to an ethnic group, together with beliefs and emotions related to membership. The development of a strong ethnic identity has also been proven as a basis for positive attitudes toward other groups (Phinney & Devich-Navarro, 1997). Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the status ethnic identity among university students in Ethiopia in light of Phinney’s ethnic identity model. To attain the purpose of the study cross sectional survey research design was employed. A total of 771 participants (484 males and 287 females) were sampled from four government universities in Ethiopia. The adapted measuring scale was the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (Phinney, 1992). The combinations of multistage cluster sampling, stratified simple random sampling, simple random sampling and purposive sampling procedures were employed to select the sample participants. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical measures (mean, SD, quartile & percentile scores), frequency percentage and chi-square. The findings of the study uncovered that the target group university students in Ethiopia were labelled at ethnic identity search or exploration status. In the ethnic identity search or exploration stage, people begin to learn more about their culture of origin by actively participating in cultural activities and talking to family or friends about issues related to ethnicity (Phinney, 1993). Hence, peers, parents, counseling psychologists, elders, university staffs and management and other concerned bodies should encourage and help to construct their ethnic identity to the achieved status. Keywords: Ethnicity, Identity, Ethnic Identity, University Students DOI: 10.7176/JPCR/49-02 Publication date: June 30th 2020
Effectiveness of Boiled Water of Breadfruit Leaf (Artocarpus Altilis) on Reducing Cholesterol Levels in The Blood of Mice (Mus Musculus)

Saturated fats (saturated fatty acids) increase the risk of heart disease due to increased levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL). In Indonesia, there are a variety of medicinal plants with suboptimal utilization. Among these plants are breadfruit and to date only been used part of the fruit. It turns out that almost all parts of breadfruit plants have benefits, including the leaves. This part contains flavonoids which are proven to be anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerosis and antiplatelet. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of decoction of breadfruit leaves (artocarpus altilis) against decreasing cholesterol levels in the blood of mice. This research is an experimental laboratory study with the design of the posttest only control group design involving a sample of 30 mice and taken using the Federer formula. Pig oil is used to make mice become hypercholesterol through induction. Then, the mice were given boiled water with breadfruit leaves with 3 different doses and measured cholesterol levels in their blood. This study shows that breadfruit leaf decoction has the ability to reduce cholesterol levels with the most significant dose of 0.0571 ml (p = 0.039)
Conformation et arrangement des polyelectrolytes en solution semi-diluee. Etude par diffusion des neutrons aux petits angles

Grace a la technique particuliere de contraste moyen nul, la diffusion des neutrons aux petits angles permet d'avoir acces de facon directe au signal intrachaine (facteurs de forme) dans les solutions semi diluees de polyelectrolytes, ou les chaines sont enchevetrees. Une autre mesure mene alors au signal interchaines (structure). Nous etudions : - les effets d'ecrantage electrostatique en ajoutant du sel dans des solutions aqueuses de polystyrene sulfonate de sodium (pssna) totalement charge (taux de charge f=1) : les chaines semblent adopter une conformation vermiforme. Leur longueur de persistance varie comme i puissance -1/3 (i est la force ionique), c'est-a-dire de la meme facon que la distance entre ions libres qui, dans ces regimes de forte concentration, semble etre la longueur d'ecran a la place de celle proposee par debye-huckel. - les effets d'hydrophobicite dans les solutions de pssna partiellement charges (f<1) : ils menent a un collapse progressif des chaines lorsque leur taux de charge diminue. - les effets d'ecran et de condensation en faisant varier le taux de charge f du pssna (f superieure a la valeur seuil de manning : fmg) dans un solvant polaire, le dmso : les chaines, vermiformes, presentent a tout f la meme longueur de persistance, qui varie avec la force ionique en i puissance -0. 4. - les effets de la variation de f dans le cas d'un polyion hydrophile faiblement charge (f<fmg), le poly(acide acrylate de sodium-co-acrylamide). Les resultats sont preliminaires : il semble que les chaines sont constituees de blobs electrostatiques dont la taille augmente lorsque f diminue.
Peer pressure from a Proteus mirabilis self-recognition system controls participation in cooperative swarm motility

Colonies of the opportunistic pathogen Proteus mirabilis can distinguish self from non-self: in swarming colonies of two different strains, one strain excludes the other from the expanding colony edge. Predominant models characterize bacterial kin discrimination as immediate antagonism towards non-kin cells, typically through delivery of toxin effector molecules from one cell into its neighbor. Upon effector delivery, receiving cells must either neutralize it by presenting a cognate anti-toxin, as would a clonal sibling, or suffer cell death or irreversible growth inhibition, as would a non-kin cell. Here we expand this paradigm to explain the non-lethal Ids self-recognition system, which stops access to a cooperative social behavior in P. mirabilis through a distinct mechanism: selectively and transiently inducing nonself cells into a lifestyle incompatible with cooperative swarming. This state is characterized by reduced expression of genes associated with protein synthesis, virulence, and motility, and also causes non-self cells to tolerate previously lethal concentrations of antibiotics. We found that entry into this state requires a temporary activation of the stringent response in non-self cells and results in the iterative exclusion of non-self cells as a swarm colony migrates outwards. These data clarify the intricate connection between non-lethal recognition and the lifecycle of P. mirabilis swarm colonies.
The microbiota influences the Drosophila melanogaster life history strategy

Organisms are locally adapted when members of a population have a fitness advantage in one location relative to conspecifics in other geographies. For example, across latitudinal gradients, some organisms may trade off between traits that maximize fitness components in one, but not both, of somatic maintenance or reproductive output. Latitudinal gradients in life history strategies are traditionally attributed to environmental selection on an animal's genotype, without any consideration of the possible impact of associated microorganisms (“microbiota”) on life history traits. Here, we show in Drosophila melanogaster, a key model for studying local adaptation and life history strategy, that excluding the microbiota from definitions of local adaptation is a major shortfall. First, we reveal that an isogenic fly line reared with different bacteria varies the investment in early reproduction versus somatic maintenance. Next, we show that in wild fruit flies, the abundance of these same bacteria was correlated with the latitude and life history strategy of the flies, suggesting geographic specificity of the microbiota composition. Variation in microbiota composition of locally adapted D. melanogaster could be attributed to both the wild environment and host genetic selection. Finally, by eliminating or manipulating the microbiota of fly lines collected across a latitudinal gradient, we reveal that host genotype contributes to latitude‐specific life history traits independent of the microbiota and that variation in the microbiota can suppress or reverse the differences between locally adapted fly lines. Together, these findings establish the microbiota composition of a model animal as an essential consideration in local adaptation.
The spiders at the center of the web: Csde1 and strap control translation in erythropoiesis

The production of new red blood cells (erythropoiesis) must be tightly controlled. A shortage of erythrocytes causes hypoxic damage to organs and tissue, whereas an overproduction of erythrocytes may lead to thrombosis and ischemia. Much of the control of gene expression during erythropoiesis occurs at the translational level. In this thesis, we discuss Csde1 and Strap, two proteins which are essential in regulating translation in erythropoiesis. Csde1 is an RNA-binding protein at the center of a web of overlapping regulatory pathways that may lead to either stimulation or repression of translation, depending on the transcript. We found that transcripts bound by Csde1 primarily encode proteins involved in translation initiation, ribogenesis, and protein degradation, indicating Csde1 as a meta-regulator of translation. A subset of Csde1 bound transcripts are oppositely regulated at the mRNA and protein level in cells with diminished Csde1 functionality, including the critical translational regulator Pabpc1. A protein-protein pulldown indicated that Strap is the binding partner most heavily associated with Csde1. Strap knockdown did not significantly alter the pool of transcripts associated with Csde1. However, knockdown of Strap altered expression of Csde1-associated transcripts encoding eIFs implicated in translation under hypoxic conditions. Expression of other hypoxic genes was also deregulated, suggesting possible cooperation between Csde1 and Strap during hypoxia. We implemented ribofootprinting to identify transcripts with altered translational efficiency under proteotoxic stress. Csde1 was among the transcripts with reduced translation efficiency, suggesting that translational regulation mediated by Csde1 is altered during cellular stress.
Inducible overexpression of zebrafish microRNA-722 suppresses chemotaxis of human neutrophil like cells

Neutrophil migration is essential for battling against infections but also drives chronic inflammation. Since primary neutrophils are terminally differentiated and not genetically tractable, leukemia cells such as HL-60 are differentiated into neutrophil-like cells to study mechanisms underlying neutrophil migration. However, constitutive overexpression or inhibition in this cell line does not allow the characterization of the genes that affect the differentiation process. Here we apply the tet-on system to induce the expression of zebrafish miR-722 in differentiated HL-60. Overexpression of miR-722 reduced the mRNA level of genes in the chemotaxis and inflammation pathways, including RAC2. Consistently, cell migration is significantly inhibited upon induced miR-722 overexpression. Together, miR-722 is an evolutionarily conserved suppressor for neutrophil migration and signaling in zebrafish and human.
Timely Information Update With Nonorthogonal Multiple Access

This article studies information freshness in information update systems with nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA). Information freshness is characterized by age of information (AoI), defined as the time elapsed since the generation of the last successfully received update. Conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) systems, say time-division multiple access (TDMA) systems, lead to high average AoI when a large number of users take turns to transmit their latest samples to a common receiver over a wireless medium. In contrast to OMA, NOMA allows multiple users to transmit simultaneously. Although NOMA could lead to higher packet error rates (PER) due to the wireless interference among users, we show that higher PERs do not always lead to a higher average AoI. Specifically, our experiments on software-defined radio indicate that NOMA with conventional multiuser decoding (MUD) techniques leads to higher PERs but lower average AoI than OMA does in the high SNR regime. Furthermore, to improve the AoI performance in the medium SNR regime, we combine MUD with physical-layer network coding (PNC), a technique that turns wireless interference into useful network-coding information. PNC works well even when the SNRs of different NOMA users do not differ much. This article is the first attempt to apply PNC to information update systems. Experiments show that the combined use of PNC and MUD reduces the average AoI significantly in a practical network setting. Overall, PNC-enabled NOMA is a promising solution to information update systems.
Optimal Policy Characterization Enhanced Actor-Critic Approach for Electric Vehicle Charging Scheduling in a Power Distribution Network

We study the scheduling of large-scale electric vehicle (EV) charging in a power distribution network under random renewable generation and electricity prices. The problem is formulated as a stochastic dynamic program with unknown state transition probability. To mitigate the curse of dimensionality, we establish the nodal multi-target (NMT) characterization of the optimal scheduling policy: all EVs with the same deadline at the same bus should be charged to approach a single target of remaining energy demand. We prove that the NMT characterization is optimal under arbitrarily random system dynamics. To adaptively learn the dynamics of system uncertainty, we propose a model-free soft-actor-critic (SAC) based method to determine the target levels for the characterized NMT policy. The proposed SAC + NMT approach significantly outperforms existing deep reinforcement learning methods (in our numerical experiments on the IEEE 37-node test feeder), as the established NMT characterization sharply reduces the dimensionality of neural network outputs without loss of optimality.
A new miniature cryptic species of the seasonal killifish genus Spectrolebias from the Tocantins River basin, central Brazil (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae)

The miniature seasonal killifish Spectrolebiascostae, first described for the middle Araguaia River basin, has been also recorded from two areas in the middle Tocantins River basin, from where male specimens exhibit some differences in their colour pattern. Analyses directed to species delineation (GMYC and bPTP), using a fragment of the mitochondrial gene COI, strongly support two species, S.costae from the Araguaia River basin and a new species from the Tocantins River basin. Spectrolebiasgracilis sp. n. is described on the basis of specimens collected from two localities separated by about 530 km, Canabrava River floodplains near Alvorada do Tocantins and Tocantins River floodplains near Palmeirante. Field inventories were unsuccessful in finding additional populations in the region, which is attributed to the high environmental degradation, including several large dams that have permanently inundated typical killifish habitats. Spectrolebiasgracilis is member of a clade also including S.costae, S.inaequipinnatus, and S.semiocellatus, diagnosed by having the dorsal and anal fins in males with iridescent dots restricted to their basal portion, caudal fin in males hyaline, and caudal-fin base with two pairs of neuromasts. Within this clade, a single miniaturisation event is supported for the most recent common ancestor of the subclade comprising S.costae and S.gracilis, which differ from other congeners by reaching only about 20 mm standard length as maximum adult size.
Novel Picornavirus in Lambs with Severe Encephalomyelitis

Using metagenomic analysis, we identified a novel picornavirus in young preweaned lambs with neurologic signs associated with severe nonsuppurative encephalitis and sensory ganglionitis in 2016 and 2017 in the United Kingdom. In situ hybridization demonstrated intralesional neuronotropism of this virus, which was also detected in archived samples of similarly affected lambs (1998–2014).
Quiescent cells actively replenish CENP-A nucleosomes to maintain centromere identity and proliferative potential

Centromeres provide a robust model for epigenetic inheritance as they are specified by sequence-independent mechanisms involving the histone H3-variant CENP-A. Prevailing models indicate that the high intrinsic stability of CENP-A nucleosomes maintains centromere identity indefinitely. Here, we demonstrate that CENP-A is not stable at centromeres, but is instead gradually and continuously incorporated in quiescent cells including G0-arrested tissue culture cells and prophase I-arrested oocytes. Quiescent CENP-A incorporation involves the canonical CENP-A deposition machinery, but displays distinct requirements from cell cycle-dependent deposition. We demonstrate that Plk1 is required specifically for G1 CENP-A deposition, whereas transcription promotes CENP-A incorporation in quiescent oocytes. Preventing CENP-A deposition during quiescence results in significantly reduced CENP-A levels and perturbs chromosome segregation following the resumption of cell division. In contrast to quiescent cells, terminally differentiated cells fail to maintain CENP-A levels. Our work reveals that quiescent cells actively maintain centromere identity providing an indicator of proliferative potential.
The Pemphigus Vulgaris antigen desmoglein-3 suppresses p53 function via the YAP-Hippo pathway

Desmoglein-3 (Dsg3), the Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV) antigen (PVA), plays an essential role in keratinocyte cell-cell adhesion and regulates various signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis the PV blistering disease. We show here that expression of Dsg3 may directly influence p53, a key transcription factor governing the response to cellular stress. Dsg3 depletion caused increased p53 and apoptosis, an effect that was further enhanced by UV and mechanical strain and reversed by Dsg3 gain-of-function studies. Analysis in Dsg3-/- mouse skin confirmed increased p53/p21/caspase-3 compared to Dsg3+/- control in vivo. This Dsg3-p53 pathway involved YAP since Dsg3 forms a complex with YAP and regulates its expression and localization. Analysis of PV patient samples detected increased p53/YAP with diffuse cytoplasmic and/or nuclear staining in cells surrounding blisters. Treatment of keratinocytes with PV sera evoked pronounced p53/YAP expression. Collectively, our findings establish a novel role for Dsg3 as an anti-stress protein, via suppression of p53 function, suggesting that this pathway, involving YAP-Hippo control of skin homeostasis, is disrupted in PV.
Hippocampal-entorhinal transformations in abstract frames of reference

Knowing how another’s preferences relate to our own is a central aspect of everyday decision-making, yet how the brain performs this transformation is unclear. Here, we ask whether the putative role of the hippocampal-entorhinal system in transforming first person and extra-personal spatial cues during navigation extends to transformations in abstract decision spaces. In our functional magnetic resonance imaging study, subjects learned a stranger’s preference for an everyday activity – relative to a personally known individual – and subsequently decided how the stranger’s preference relates to other familiar people’s preferences. Across reference frames, we observed signals in the retrosplenial cortex and hippocampal body during decisions that require precise memories for preferences. In contrast, the entorhinal cortex/subiculum exhibited reference frame-sensitive responses to the relative distance between the ratings of the stranger and the familiar choice options. Taken together, these data implicate the hippocampal-entorhinal system in the assimilation of knowledge in an abstract metric space.