Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Soil Phosphorus in Differently Managed Clay Soil by Chemical Extraction Methods and 31P NMR Spectroscopy

Changes in land use alter the natural cycling of phosphorus (P) in soil. Understanding the chemical nature of these changes is important when developing sustainable management practices for cultivated soils. In this study, we evaluated the ability of commonly used laboratory methods to characterize land use–induced changes in various P pools. Also, the characteristics of soil P revealed by different methods are discussed. Soil samples were taken from three differently managed field plots of the same clay soil: uncultivated grassland and organic and conventional crop rotations. Soil P reserves were characterized using Chang and Jackson and Hedley sequential fractionation procedures and by sodium hydroxide (NaOH)–ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) extraction followed by 31P NMR spectroscopy. Both of the tested fractionation methods identified differences in the P pools and provided evidence regarding land use–induced changes. However, the 31P NMR analysis suggests that the quality of organic P in this soil was not affected by the change in land use.
Two‐dimensional model for material damage due to melting and vaporization during laser irradiation

A two‐dimensional model is developed for material damage caused by melting and vaporization during pulsed laser irradiation. The problem is formulated by using the energy conservation equation (the Stefan condition) at various points on the solid‐liquid and liquid‐vapor interfaces. The effect of curvature of the solid‐liquid and liquid‐vapor interfaces are taken into account and the problem is solved numerically by using the Runge–Kutta method. For determining the maximum damage that can occur during laser irradiation, the laser energy is considered to be utilized only to melt and vaporize the material. The effect of various laser parameters, such as the laser power, laser beam diameter, pulse‐on time, and the number of pulses per second on the depth and the radius of the crater is presented. Also, the tapering angle of the crater and the formation of recast layer in the crater during laser irradiation are examined in this study. Finally, a linear relationship between the maximum crater depth and the ‘‘gr.
SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE OF AU COLLOID-MODIFIED AU FILMS : PARTICLE SIZE DEPENDENCE

The influence of colloid diameter on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) response of a colloidal Au modified Au film is described. Adsorption of 30−59 nm diameter colloidal Au on the surface of a 47 nm thick Au film results in dramatic, size-dependent shifts in plasmon angle, minimum reflectance, and curve breadth. Each of these parameters is observed to increase with particle diameter and particle coverage, eventually reaching a plateau when the attenuation of the SPR curve is maximized. The angle of maximum change in reflectance is observed to be independent of particle size; thus, the reflectance at that angle is proposed as a method for quantifying the perturbation induced by a particular size and coverage of colloidal Au. These results are discussed in terms of the detection limits and dynamic range of colloidal Au-amplified SPR biosensing.
Monte Carlo Modelling of Increasing Void Fraction in 100% MOX ABWR: Lessons Drawn from the FUBILA Program

The French Atomic Energy Commission CEA and the Japanese Incorporated Administrative Agency JNES (Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organisation) have undertaken first-of-a-kind full MOX core physics experiments, FUBILA, in the EOLE critical facility of the CEA Cadarache Centre. The experiments have been designed to obtain core physics data under high-burn-up 9 × 9 and 10 × 10 BWR MOX assemblies operating conditions. The experimental program, consisting of eight different core configurations, started in January 2005 and ended on September 1, 2006. The analysis of the void increase part of the experimental data between 0 and 70% void has been carried out using the French TRIPOLI-4.5 continuous-energy Monte Carlo calculation code with the newly released JEFF3.1. 1 nuclear data library. The average C/E discrepancies obtained on critical masses, reactivity worth, and pin-by-pin power distributions enable us to estimate all the integral and local parameters with uncertainties largely within the target uncertainties, demonstrating the capability of the code to treat complex geometries with a high degree of accuracy. Additional keff calculations performed with the latest ENDF/B-VII evaluation exhibit a clear tendency to overestimate the keff by about 500 to 650 pcm and the void worth by more than 4%, showing that the JEFF3.1. 1 library is more precise for MOX lattices.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Measurement of Castor Toxin in Soils

Abstract Published Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) techniques to determine ricin, a castor (Ricinus communis) toxin, were developed for human sera, biological fluids, and tissue samples. This study was conducted to adapt existing ELISA procedures to soil extracts and demonstrate its use. These modifications of published generic ELISA methods include elimination of phosphate buffers in the soil extraction procedure and addition of bovine Fraction V albumin to block nonspecific sites on the microtiter plates. Using this method with commercially available biochemicals and equipment, it was possible to detect the presence of ricin in a soil after harvest and two years post-harvest.
Relationships Between Turbulent Wall Pressure and Velocity Field Sources

Abstract : Solid fuel power units sometimes experience failure due to the motor exceeding its designed capacity and this leads to an explosion. One of the most frequent causes of this phenomenon are the numerous fissure like cavities, formed basically during the technological process, that are usually present in solid fuel. When the combustion front approaches the edge of such a cavity, as a result of increased pressure in the combustion chamber, the combustion quickly envelopes all of the cavity. In a sufficiently narrow and long cavity where gas encounters difficulty in escaping, the pressure in the cavity reaches such a magnitude, that the system begins to operate in a unstable manner. A theoretical description of indicated phenomena is presented. (Author)
Diffusion mechanism of zinc and beryllium in gallium arsenide

The outstanding features associated with Zn and Be diffusion in GaAs substrates and GaAs/AlGaAs superlattices are explained either quantitatively or semiquantitatively using the kick‐out mechanism, in which it is assumed that the doubly positively charged Ga self‐interstitial governs Ga self‐diffusion. These features include (i) the dependence of the Zn solubility upon the pressures of the As and Zn vapor phases, (ii) the square power‐law dependence of the Zn diffusivity on its own background concentrations under Zn isoconcentration diffusion conditions, (iii) the different shapes of the Zn in‐diffusion profiles, (iv) the much lower diffusivities of Zn and Be under out‐diffusion conditions than under in‐diffusion conditions, and (v) the tremendous enhancement effect of Zn in‐diffusion on GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice disordering and the undetectable effect of Be under out‐diffusion conditions. Some useful quantitative information has been obtained. Strictly on a qualitative basis, we have found that the Longin.
Kinetic Characterization of Thermal Degradation Process for Commercial Rubbers

The kinetic analysis was carried out for the thermal degradation of commercial rubbers such as NR, IR, BR, SBR, 1500, and SBR 1700 with the intention fo establishing a recovery process based on the relation between the process variables and the yield of pyrolytic oil. The activateon energies and reaction orders of NR, IR BR, SBR, 1500, and SBR 1700 were calculated using conventional kinetic models. When considering the effect of the final temperature on thermal degradation, it was shown that the yield of pylytic oil. generally increased with the increase of final temperature. When considering the effect of the heating rate, it was found that the yield of pyrolytic oil. was not consistent for each sample. The pyrolytic oil was analyzed for the components, benzene, toluene, styrene, ethylbenzene, other benzene derivatives and polycyclic compounds using GC-MDS. And it was conisted of about 50 organic compounds. The colorific value of the rubber-derived oil was about 40 kJ/g, high enough to be used as a fuel.
Melt Rheology of High l-Content Poly(lactic acid)

The melt rheology of linear poly(lactic acid)s (PLA) characterized by a high content of the l-form of the monomer is comprehensively investigated. Measurements of dynamic, steady, and transient shear viscosities are presented. Extensional data on PLA are presented for the first time and show a strong strain hardening behavior. The Cox−Merz relationship is obeyed over a particularly wide range (roughly 3 decades of shear rate). Results for high molecular weight samples suggest that the plateau modulus is approximately 5 × 105 Pa. In addition, the zero shear viscosity, η0, for these materials is found to roughly scale with the expected 3.4 power vs molecular weight. The transient shear results are satisfactorily predicted using a truncated form of the K−BKZ constitutive equation and a set of Maxwell modes (Gk, λk) derived from the dynamic spectra. However, to capture the observed extensional hardening, an additional long time relaxation mode must be added to the spectrum. Time sweep measurements demonstrate.
Detection and Correction of Android-specific Code Smells and Energy Bugs: An Android Lint Extension

Context: While Android applications suffer from code smells and energy drain issues there is still a lack of tools that help developers improve energy consumption and maintainability of Android applications. Objective: Our research aims to provide tool support to Android developers helping them to create greener and more maintainable applications by eliminating Android-specific code smells/energy bugs. The proposed tool support integrates routine code smell detection with energy bug detection so that developers can do both at the same time. Method: We extend ‘Android Lint’ (AL) with custom rules to detect and correct 12 code smells (nine are new and three are improved) and three energy bugs (two are new and one is improved). In addition, for the improved and newly introduced code smells, we compared the performance of our tool with the open version of the ’PAPRIKA’ tool. Result: We evaluated our tool on nine open-source Android applications. Our tool detects the specified code smells and energy bugs with an average precision, average recall and F1 score of 0.93, 0.96, and 0.94, respectively. It accurately corrects 84% of selected code smells and energy bugs. The performance of the new and improved code smell detection is better than that achieved by ‘PAPRIKA’. Conclusion: Our tool is a useful extension to the existing ‘AL’ tool with better performance than ‘PAPRIKA’.
Neuro-scientific Approach to Fashion Visual Merchandising-Comparison of Brain Activation to Positive/Negative VM in Fashion Store Using fNIRS-

This study examines the possibility of a neuro-scientific approach to fashion Visual Merchandising (VM), by researching the brain activation of customers about fashion stores in terms of VM. Study subjects were in 20's-30's residing in Busan and ten ordinary person or fashion industry related individuals, it measures the change of cerebral blood flow on positive/negative photo stimulus in terms of VM using a functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) device, and then compared the brain activation to the difference of the fashion store VM. Photo stimuli utilized in the experiment were selected through a preliminary study in advance. The results of this study are as follows. First, the brain activation was found in all 16 channels of stimulus ranges of fashion store VM regardless of positive/negative stimulus. This means that the VM of fashion store causes changes to the cerebral blood flow of consumers, which implies that consumer behavior can be affected by store VM. It also shows that the brain is more active in negative VM stimulus than positive VM despite slight differences in the subjects. In terms of VM, this suggests that the negative factors of fashion stores have a greater effect on the brains of consumers compared to the positive factors. Second, the reaction of the brain channel is different according to the positive/negative VM stimulus of the fashion store by product group and confirms that positive/negative VM stimulus can be distinguished by brain-reaction for the three product groups except for the underwear group among four product groups (men's wear store, women's wear store, underwear store, and sportswear store). The results indicate that more objective scientific measure and decision-making are possible through neuro-science in the strategic execution of VM. This study verified the possibility for a neuro-scientific approach to fashion VM; therefore, there are expectations for the various activation of interdisciplinary research and subsequent development of VM that utilize neuroscience in fashion marketing. † Corresponding author E-mail: onleejh@pusan.ac. kr c 2017, The Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles. All rights reserved. EISSN 2234-0793 PISSN 1225-1151 Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles Vol. 41, No. 2 (2017) p.254~265 https://doi.org/10.5850/JKSCT.2017. 41.2. 254 〔연구논문〕 패션 비주얼머천다이징의 뇌 과학적 접근-fNIRS를 이용한 패션매장의 긍정적/부정적 VM에 대한 뇌 활성 비교– 255 –
Interfacial Organization of Acetonitrile: Simulation and Experiment

Molecular dynamics simulations and vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) experiments in the methyl-stretching spectral region have been used to study acetonitrile at the silica/liquid, silica/vapor, and liquid/vapor interfaces. Our simulations show that, at the silica/liquid interface, acetonitrile takes on a considerably different structure than in the bulk liquid. The interfacial structure is reminiscent of a lipid bilayer, and this type of ordering persists for tens of Angstroms into the bulk liquid. This result has important implications for processes involving solid/acetonitrile interfaces, such as heterogeneous catalysis and chromatographic separations. Fitting of VSFG data that have an extremely low nonresonant background contribution provides strong evidence for interfacial populations pointing in opposite directions at these interfaces, in agreement with our simulations. The picture developed from our simulations and experiments reconciles conflicting interpretations of data from previous e.
On the Evolutionary Properties of Fix Inducing Changes

A major aspect of maintaining the quality of software systems is the management of bugs. Bugs are commonly fixed in a corrective manner; detected after the code is tested or reported in production. Analyzing Fix-Inducing Changes (FIC) — developer code that introduces bugs — provides the opportunity to estimate these bugs proactively. This study analyzes the evolution of FICs to visualize patterns associated with the introduction of bugs throughout and within project releases. Furthermore, the association between FICs and complexity metrics, an important element of software evolution, is extracted to quantify the characteristics of buggy code. The findings indicate that FICs become less frequent as the software evolves and more commonly appear in the early stages of individual releases. It is also observed that FICs are correlated to longer Commit intervals. Lastly, FICs are found to be more present in codes with fewer lines and less cyclomatic complexity, which corresponds with the law of growing complexity in software evolution.
Kinetics of Ozone Decomposition by Granular Activated Carbon

The kinetics of the removal of ozone from air by granular activated carbon (GAC) has been investigated. Twenty GACs with different textural and chemical surface properties were used in this study. The kinetic experiments were carried out in an expanded bed reactor (EBR) and in a packed bed reactor (PBR). A rate equation that takes into account thermal ozone decomposition and removal of ozone by GAC due to chemisorption and catalytic decomposition has been proposed. Deactivation kinetics has also been considered in the reaction model. Intrinsic rate constants for thermal ozone removal (kT), chemisorption of ozone (k1), and GAC-catalyzed decomposition of ozone (k2), as well as deactivation rate constants (kd1 and kd2) have been evaluated from dynamic modeling. At the conditions used in this work, ozone was thermally stable only below 323 K. Above this temperature, ozone partially decomposed even in the absence of GAC. Temperature favored the rate of ozone removal by GAC following Arrhenius behavior while ai.
Molecular dynamics simulation of water diffusion inside an amorphous polyacrylate latex film

Molecular dynamics simulations were applied to investigate the diffusion behaviors of water molecules at temperatures ranging from 323 to 443 K inside amorphous polyacrylate. The results showed that the simulated diffusion coefficients and activation energies were similar to those of experiments. Moreover, the activation energy of water molecules at high temperatures was higher than that at low temperatures by 3.16 kcal mol−1, which was close to the hydrogen-bonding energy between water and polyacrylate. An analysis of the experimental desorption curves of water molecules and their activation energies has confirmed that there are two forms of water molecules inside rubbery polyacrylate, namely, free water and bound water. In addition, it has been concluded that bound water molecules move from one polar group of polyacrylate to another, and this is followed by occasional jumps. Simulated information is very helpful in designing new polyacrylate latex systems and optimizing existent polyacrylate systems. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 884–891, 2007
Current Transport and Onset-Related Phenomena in an MPD Thruster Modified by Applied Magnetic Fields

This work investigated the effects of tailored, externally-applied magnetic fields on current transport and near-anode processes in the plasma discharge of a magnetoplasmadynamic thruster (MPDT). Electrical and plasma diagnostics were used to determine whether applied magnetic fields could mitigate the effects of the "onset" phenomena, including large-amplitude terminal voltage fluctuations and high anode fall voltages associated with unstable operation and anode erosion. A new MPDT was developed and operated with quasi-steady 1 ms pulses from 36 kW to 3.3 MW with argon propellant. Three magnetic configurations studied included self-field operation (without external electromagnets) and two applied poloidal magnetic fields. One configuration used magnetic field lines tangential to the anode lip (and intersecting the anode further upstream) and the other created a magnetic cusp intersecting the anode downstream. The influence of the applied fields on the discharge current streamlines, current densities, and key plasma properties (electron temperature, number density, and plasma potential) was studied. Key findings included that the current pattern and current densities redistributed to follow the applied magnetic field lines. Also, the anode fall voltage was substantially reduced with both applied fields over a large range of currents (and eliminated at 8 kA). These results occurred because applied magnetic field lines intersecting the anode provided a high conductivity path and reduced the local electric field required to sustain the radial current densities. The applied fields reduced the amplitude and frequency of the terminal voltage fluctuations (up to 49%) over a broad range of currents and also decreased transients in the ion saturation current, which suggest reduction of current filamentation and surface-eroding anode spots. Additionally, the cusp field reduced mean terminal voltages over the entire range of discharge currents (up to 31%), and the tangential field lowered terminal voltages below 10.7 kA. These significant reductions in onset-related behaviors should lead to improved thruster lifetime and increased efficiency. These results suggest a distinctive and more effective approach to influencing the near-anode phenomena and mitigating the effects of onset with appropriately designed applied magnetic fields that differ from those used in the vast majority of conventional, so-called "applied-field MPD thrusters. "
Electron bonds and hyperfine electric field gradient in the Sr1−xBaxHfO3 family

The study by x-ray diffraction and perturbed angular correlation spectroscopy of Sr1−xBaxHfO3 compounds for x = 0.12, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 0.88 is presented. The hyperfine parameters are analysed in terms of ionic radii, ionic or covalent bonds, and cation–oxygen distances. A simple explanation of the behaviour of these parameters with composition is provided.
Use of molecular dynamics methods in conformational analysis. Glycol. A model study

Different methods to calculate the potential of mean force using molecular dynamics have been used to estimate the difference in free energy between the gauche and trans conformations of the 1,2‐ethanediol (glycol) molecule dissolved in water and in carbon tetrachloride. Results indicate that even in this simple model study simulations of many picoseconds are needed to obtain acceptably low estimated standard deviations. The calculated trans/gauche ratio in aqueous solution is larger than the observed one. Assuming that the solvent effects are more reliable than the intramolecular force field we used the observed ratio to predict an abundance of about 3% trans to be present in CCl4 solution. Details of the results for this solvent agree well with infrared spectra.
Complex Formation of Cyclodextrins with Cationic Polymers

Abstractα-Cyclodextrin (α-CD) was found to form inclusion complexes with viologen polymers (VP) having octamethylene groups [poly(paraquat-octamethylene)] and longer methylene chains in aqueous solution. The 1H NMR spectra of VP in the presence of α-CD showed that the methylene peaks and peaks of viologen at the polymer end split in two and that the protons on the bipyridinium ring on the main chain shifted toward downfield. Changes of the 1H NMR spectra are time-dependent. It took longer to reach equilibrium as the number of methylene groups increased. The association constant of the complex between α-CD and VP was estimated to be 100 M−1. α-CD did not form complexes with VP with hexamethylene groups. β-CD formed complexes with VP having decamethylene groups and longer methylene chains. The complex formation of β-CD with VPs is faster than that of α-CD with VP. γ-CD formed complexes with ionene polymers (IP), {poly[(dimethylimino)alkylene]dibromide} such as 3,6-ionene and 6,8-ionene to give compounds in the solid state.
Einfluss des Alters, des Geschlechtes und der fettigen Infiltration auf die zellbiologischen Eigenschaften und das Stimulationspotential humaner Tenozyten der Rotatorenmanschette

english) . 2 Einleitung . 3 Zielsetzung . 4 Methoden . 5 Sehnenmaterial . 5 Zellisolierung und Kultivierung . 5 Zellcharakterisierung . 5 Zelldichte: . 5 Zellwachstum: . 5 Genexpression: . 6 Kollagen Typ I Synthese: . 6 Stammzellpotential: . 6 Wachstumsfaktorstimulation. 7 Test der relativen Aktivität von BMP-2 und BMP-7: . 7 BMP-2 und BMP-7 Stimulation: . 7 Statistik . 8 Ergebnisse . 9 Tenozytenisolierung und klinische Parameter: . 9 Analyse zellbiologischer Charakteristika: . 9 Wachstumsfaktorstimulation: . 13 Diskussion . 15 Literatur . 18 Eidesstattliche Versicherung . 21 Anteilserklärung an den erfolgten Publikationen . 22 Ausgewählte Publikationen . 24 Lebenslauf . 28 Publikationsliste . 29 Kongressbeiträge . 30 Danksagung . 31