Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classifying helicopter gearbox faults using a normalized energy metric

A normalized energy metric is used to classify seeded faults of the OH-58A main transmission. This gearbox comprises a two-stage transmission with an overall reduction of 17.44:1. Loaded gearbox test runs are used to evaluate the sensitivity of a non-stationary fault metric for early fault detection and classification. The non-stationary fault metric consists of a simple normalized energy index developed to account for a redistribution of sideband energy of the dominant mesh frequency and its harmonics in the presence of actual gearbox faults. This index is used to qualitatively assess the presence, type and location of gearbox faults. In this work, elements of the normalized energy metric are assembled into a feature vector to serve as input into a self-organizing Kohonen neural network classifier. This classifier maps vibration features onto a two-dimensional grid. A feedforward back propagation neural network is then used to classify different faults according to how they cluster on the two-dimensional self-organizing map. Gearbox faults of OH-58A main transmission considered in this study include sun gear spalling and spiral bevel gear scoring. Results from the classification suggest that the normalized energy metric is reasonably robust against false alarms for certain geartrain faults.
Roadcon—a European strategic roadmap towards knowledge-driven sustainable construction

Roadcon is a new twelve-month EU-funded research project to develop a ‘roadmap’ for implementing information and communication technology in the construction industry during the next 20 years. It is aiming, and less has the potential, to lead to an ‘Integrated Initiative’ under the sixth European framework programme for research involving a critical mass of practitioners, researchers and academics across Europe.
Complex low energy gain switching pulse processing using a highly nonlinear optical loop mirror

This experimental work presented in this paper investigates the quality improvement of pulsed diode laser Gain- Switched (GS) optical pulses. GS is a straightforward technique, however, these pulses exhibit long duration (10ps - 100ps), low power (in the mW range), are asymmetric and often come accompanied by pedestals or subpulses. Simultaneous compression and reshaping of these input low quality pulses has been observed experimentally for several input power values. These effects have been achieved using a Highly Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror (HNOLM) designed to directly process these long duration complex pulses thus eliminating the requirement for pre-pulse conditioning. The NOLM is based on a Microstructured Optical Fiber and a Highly Nonlinear Semiconductor Optical Amplifier. This device is compact, and offers overall benefits in terms of reduced system complexity.
Localization in wireless sensor networks using particle swarm optimization

This paper proposes a novel and computationally efficient global optimization method based on swarm intelligence for locating nodes in a WSN environment. The mean squared range error of all neighbouring anchor nodes is taken as the objective function for this non linear optimization problem. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a high performance stochastic global optimization tool that ensures the minimization of the objective function, without being trapped into local optima. The easy implementation and low memory requirement features of PSO make it suitable for highly resource constrained WSN environments. Computational experiments on data drawn from simulated WSNs show better convergence characteristics than the existing Simulated Annealing based WSN localization.
Defocus Blur Segmentation Using Genetic Programming and Adaptive Threshold

: Detection and classification of the blurred and the non-blurred regions in images is a challenging task due to the limited available information about blur type, scenarios and level of blurriness. In this paper, we propose an effective method for blur detection and segmentation based on transfer learning concept. The proposed method consists of two separate steps. In the first step, genetic programming (GP) model is developed that quantify the amount of blur for each pixel in the image. The GP model method uses the multi-resolution features of the image and it provides an improved blur map. In the second phase, the blur map is segmented into blurred and non-blurred regions by using an adaptive threshold. A model based on support vector machine (SVM) is developed to compute adaptive threshold for the input blur map. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using two different datasets and compared with various state-of-the-art methods. The comparativeanalysis reveals that the proposed method performs better against the state-of-the-art techniques.
A Multi-Agent Intelligent Environment for Rapid Assembly Design, Planning and Simulation

This paper presents a knowledge-intensive concurrent integration framework for designing, planning, analysis and simulation of assemblies, which is built upon P/T nets and multi-agent systems in AI. In the paper, critical issues are addressed on the implementation of intelligent assembly modeling, analysis and design, planning and simulation using knowledge intensive P/T net models, e.g., knowledge modeling and acquisition, function-behavior-structure modeling, fuzzy relational database, case-based reasoning, and assembly design language, etc. The developed multi-agent intelligent environment, RAPID Assembly system, can process various types of knowledge in assembly design, process and task planning, and assembly system design and simulation so that intelligent design, planning and simulation can be implemented in a virtual environment. It assists designers and manufacturing engineers to design and evaluate the product and its assembly processes and assembly systems (e.g., assembly feasibility, sequences, trajectories, and execution strategies) without building physical prototypes. Design cases are provided to illustrate how the system works.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Robust flight control for a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle using adaptive super-twisting approach

In this paper, the design of attitude and airspeed controls for a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle by means of an Adaptive Super Twisting Algorithm approach is addressed. In order to implement these controllers and taking into account the difficulties for measuring some of its states, necessary information about inertial attitude and airspeed is estimated using Super-Twisting Observers. This control scheme increases robustness since it is not necessary to know the bound of the perturbations affecting the system or the exact values from the parameters of the system. Furthermore, due to the finite-time converge of the observer, the stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed. Simulation results illustrate the performance of the proposed scheme under unmodelled dynamics, noisy measurements and external disturbances.
Complex Systems: The Science of Interacting Parts

The central premise of this chapter is that certain objects of study—such as the brain—cannot be neatly decomposed into a set of parts, so that each part can be understood on its own. Instead, highly networked systems need to be understood differently. The language that is required is the one of complex systems, which we now describe in intuitive terms. Whereas mathematics is needed to formalize it, illustration of its central concepts provides the reader with “intuition pumps”. Thinking in terms of complex systems frees us from the shackles of linear thinking, enabling explanations built with “collective computations” that elude simplistic narratives.
Laboratory investigation of an amplitude comparator based directional comparison digital protection scheme

A directional comparison digital protection scheme has been implemented with a 16-b single-board computer at each end of a physical model of a transmission line, with communication between the two ends. The protection algorithm makes use of the fundamental frequency components of the deviation signals of the voltage and phase-shifted current. Software routines have been developed for fault monitoring, directional determination, and the trip/block decision. Graphics features incorporated in the software are explained. Tests for various faults conducted on the physical model of a double-circuit transmission line show that the direction to a fault is determined in 3 to 7 ms. The blocking features of the relay are demonstrated. >
Boundary shear stress distribution in rectangular open channels

A knowledge of the distribution of the boundary shear stress in open channeIs is necessary not onlly for the economical designing of water courses but also for understanding the mechanics of turbulent f1<nv in these channels. Leighly [1] and Lane [2, :3] obtainec1 the shear stress distribution for certain channel shapes by dividing the area into sub-areas bounded by orthogonals to the isovels. Lundgren and . Jonsson [4] developed a method for shallow channels with rough beds. Ippen et al. [5] measured the stress distribution in trapezoidal channels, in the course of theiT work on flow in channell bends, using the Preston tube [6]. Enger [7] computed the shear stress distribution for some trapezoidal sections with erodible boundaries assuming a certain velocity distribution equation. H.ecently Crufl' [8] has obtained considerable experimentaI data for smooth rectangular ehanneIs. In some cases, the shear stress was measurcd ,,'Ïth a Preston tube and in the remaining cases they were computed using the weIl known PrandtIKarman logarithmic velocity distribution equation. H.eplogle and Chow [9] measured the shear stress distribution in circulaI' channels using the Preston method. Some shear stress measurements for rectangular channels have also heen reported by Davidian and Cahal [10]. This paper presents some more measurements on the shear stress diskibution in smooth rectangular channe'ls. Further the maximum stresses on the
Computation of Spatially Periodic Turbulent Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Channel With Various Rib Shapes

Periodic fully developed turbulent fluid flow and heat transfer in a channel with four shapes, namely, triangular, semicircular, semielliptic, and square cross sections, of rib pairs periodically mounted on two opposite walls has been investigated computationally with a curvilinear nonorthogonal body-fitted coordinate system. The Reynolds number based on the channel hydraulic diameter and bulk mean velocity, the rib pitch-to-height ratio, and the rib height-to-channel hydraulic diameter ratio are 1.3×104, 10, and 0.08, respectively. The standard k-e turbulence model together with the two-layer wall region treatment was applied to solve the accelerating, decelerating, separating, recirculating, reattaching and redeveloping flows. The predicted fluid flow and heat transfer results were tested by previous laser-Doppler and holographic interferometry data, and reasonable agreement was achieved. The two layer treatment shows a superiority to the conventional wall function in predicting near wall mean velocity and peak turbulent kinetic energy. Triangular-shaped rib is favorable for a compromise between the thermal performance and possible presence of hot spots.Copyright © 1995 by ASME
Modified Brayton Cycles Utilizing Alcohol Fuels

This paper demonstrates that there are significant improvements in thermal efficiency possible by modifying the manner in which alcohols are used in Brayton cycle engines. It is shown that injection of the alcohol during the compression process can materially improve both thermal efficiency and specific work because of the intercooling effect of evaporation. 14 refs.
Applying Quality Function Deployment to environmentally conscious design

Presents a methodology for applying Quality Function Deployment (QFD) for environmentally conscious design in the early stage of product development. This methodology has been developed by incorporating environmental aspects into QFD to handle the environmental and traditional product quality requirements simultaneously. The “QFD for environment (QFDE)” proposed consists of four phases. Designers can find out which parts are the most important in enhancing environmental consciousness of their products by executing QFDE phase I and phase II. Further, a methodology is developed to evaluate the effects of design improvement on environmental quality requirements as phases III and IV. The results obtained from the case study of IC package show that QFDE could be applicable in the early stage of assembled product design, because the most important component from the viewpoint of the environment is clearly identified and multiple options for design improvement are effectively evaluated.
Energy Harvesting Using a Piezoelectric “Cymbal” Transducer in Dynamic Environment

In this study, we investigated the capability of harvesting the electrical energy from mechanical vibrations in a dynamic environment through a “cymbal” piezoelectric transducer. Targeted mechanical vibrations lie in the range of 50–150 Hz with force amplitude in the order of 1 kN (automobile engine vibration level). It was found that under such severe stress conditions the metal–ceramic composite transducer “cymbal” is a promising structure. The metal cap enhances the endurance of the ceramic to sustain high loads along with stress amplification. In this preliminary study, the experiments were performed at the frequency of 100 Hz on a cymbal with 29 mm diameter and 1 mm thickness under a force of 7.8 N. At this frequency and force level, 39 mW power was generated from a cymbal measured across a 400 kΩ resistor. A DC–DC converter was designed which allowed the transfer of 30 mW power to a low impedance load of 5 kΩ with a 2% duty cycle and at a switching frequency of 1 kHz.
RNA Binding

: Eukaryotic initiation factor 4B (eIF4B) is a multidomain protein with a range of activities that serve primarily to promote the association of messenger RNA to the 40S ribosomal subunit during the translation initiation process. Deletion and site-directed mutagenesis studies have identified a few functional domains within eIF4B, two of which are involved in RNA binding and are implicated in linking mRNA to the 40S ribosomal subunit during translation initiation. An N-terminal RNA recognition motif (RRM; residues 97-175) has been shown to bind the 18S rRNA of the 40S ribosomal subunit in the earlier report. However, it has not been completely explored except for the RRM domain from eIF4B. A second RNA binding domain is located toward the C-terminus (residues 367-423) and has been termed the basic domain (BD) since it contains two arginine-rich motifs (ARMs). This region, which has not been assigned to a particular structural family, binds RNA nonspecifically but with high affinity and has been proposed to bind mRNA during initiation. In addition, eIF4B has been reported to bind several proteins related to translation, ribosomal RNA, and mRNA, but again only in a few studies. More than three-quarters of the eIF4B protein is intrinsically disordered and tends to display phase separation, attributing the reason why eIF4B has not been explored in depth, except for the RRM domain. We have utilized NMR spectroscopy and other biophysical techniques (smFRET, ITC, CD, Fluorescence, etc.) to address RNA binding properties from different constructs from the C- and N- terminus of eIF4B and addressed the phase separation behavior from the C-terminal domain of eIF4B. In addition
Simulation of a domestic ground source heat pump system using a three-dimensional numerical borehole heat exchanger model

Common approaches to the simulation of borehole heat exchangers (BHEs) assume heat transfer in circulating fluid and grout to be in a quasi-steady state and ignore fluctuations in fluid temperature due to transport of the fluid around the loop. However, in domestic ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems, the heat pump and circulating pumps switch on and off during a given hour; therefore, the effect of the thermal mass of the circulating fluid and the dynamics of fluid transport through the loop has important implications for system design. This may also be important in commercial systems that are used intermittently. This article presents transient simulation of a domestic GSHP system with a single BHE using a dynamic three-dimensional (3D) numerical BHE model. The results show that delayed response associated with the transit of fluid along the pipe loop is of some significance in moderating swings in temperature during heat pump operation. In addition, when 3D effects are considered, a lower heat transfer rate is predicted during steady operations. These effects could be important when considering heat exchanger design and system control. The results will be used to develop refined two-dimensional models.
POLÍTICA SEXUAL Y REPRODUCCIÓN SOCIAL EN LA PAMPA DEL TAMARUGAL: ESTRUCTURA SEXO-EDAD EN EL CEMENTERIO TARAPACÁ 40 (1000 AC-600 DC)

Ofrecemos hipótesis explicativas respecto a las políticas sexuales que, eventualmente, se implementaron en la configuración de la comunidad formativa de la Pampa del Tamarugal, siendo nuestro objetivo central contribuir al estudio arqueológico de la reproducción social. Las colecciones bioantropológicas del Cementerio Tarapacá 40 fueron sometidas a un relevamiento osteológico orientado al conocimiento de su estructura sexual y etaria. Se recuperó un importante número de referencias contextuales y se elaboró un análisis exploratorio de la variación en la estructura sexo-edad de algunos cementerios de la región. Los resultados muestran un cementerio que presenta todos los rangos etarios y una distribución sexual 1:1. A escala regional, se observó una distribución dicotómica entre cementerios arcaicos y formativos, en función de la proporción de mujeres adultas y personas no-adultas. Se propone que entre la sociedad arcaica tardía y la formativa, las relaciones sociales de reproducción y la división sexual del trabajo habrían experimentado transformaciones radicales, cuyo impacto más directo pudo ser el control social de la sexualidad femenina a través de la instauración de un régimen sociopolítico basado en el parentesco. Palabras claves: Reproducción Social, política sexual, estructura sexo-edad, periodo Formativo, feminismo materialista. In this paper we propose explanatory hypotheses about the sexual politics that were from time to time implemented in the configuration of the Pampa del Tamarugal formative community, with the aim to contribute to the archaeological study of social reproduction. The bioanthropological collections of the Tarapacá 40 Cemetery underwent an osteological survey, designed to identify their sexual and age structure. A significant number of contextual references were recovered, and an exploratory analysis of the variation in the sex-age structure of some cemeteries in the region was carried out. The results show a cemetery with all age ranges and a 1:1 sex ratio. On a regional scale, a dichotomous distribution was observed between archaic and formative cemeteries, based on the ratio between adult women and non-adults. We propose that social relations of reproduction and sexual division of labor between the late archaic and the formative society underwent radical transformations, the most direct impact of which could be the social control of female sexuality through the establishment of a kinship-based socio-political regime.
Development of a real-time-position prediction algorithm for under-actuated robot manipulator by using of artificial neural network

An adaptive learning algorithm using an artificial neural network (ANN) has been proposed to predict the passive joint position of under-actuated robot manipulator. In this approach, a specific ANN model has been designed and trained to learn a desired set of joint angular positions for the passive joint from a given set of input torque and angular position for the active joint over a certain period of time. Trying to overcome the disadvantages of many used techniques in the literature, the ANNs have a significant advantage of being a model-free method. The learning algorithm can directly determine the position of its passive joint, and can, therefore, completely eliminate the need for any system modelling. Even though it is very difficult in practice, data used in this study were recorded experimentally from sensors fixed on robot’s joints to overcome the effect of kinematics uncertainties present in the real world such as ill-defined linkage parameters and backlashes in gear trains. An ANN was trained using the experimentally obtained data and then used to predict the path of the passive joint that is positioned by the dynamic coupling of the active joint. The generality and efficiency of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated through simulations of an under-actuated robot manipulator; finally, the obtained results were successfully verified experimentally.
Realizing the farad from two ac quantum Hall resistances

Since the quantum Hall resistance (QHR) measured with alternating current (ac) has reached the state of an excellent quantum standard of impedance, we have realized a quadrature bridge with two ac QHRs to accurately calibrate capacitance standards in terms of the SI value of the von-Klitzing constant, without the need for any calculable artefact. The advantages of the realized measuring chain, experimental tests of the coaxial ac bridges involved and the achieved relative uncertainty of 6 × 10−9 (k = 1) are discussed.
Customer Brand Engagement in Social Commerce: A Study of Sarawak

Due to the growth of social networking, a new business opportunity known as ‘social commerce’ has been created in the electronic commerce environment. This development is changing individuals’ social interactions and their shopping patterns. Thus, it is important for social marketers and advertisers to understand the driver of customer brand engagement in social commerce. This study is an attempt to investigate whether attitude towards the behaviour and subjective norm have a positive effect on customer brand engagement in social commerce. The scope of the study was focussed on the clothes and accessories market in social commerce pages or groups and it was conducted in Sibu, Sarawak. The Theory of Reasoned Action was applied to capture the human behaviour of social media users connecting to the brand in social commerce. The study was conducted on quantitative basic where a survey questionnaire instrument was used for data collection. The purposive sampling method was employed to obtain accurate data from the studied samples. A total of 106 respondents were collected from social media users through a self-administered questionnaire. The Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) version 22 and Smart Partial Least Squares 3.0 (Smart PLS) were used as the main statistical tools. The present study implied that attitude towards the behaviour and subjective norm have a positive effect on customer brand engagement in social commerce. The findings provide valuable references for future researchers or academicians in the related social psychological fields especially in the context of social commerce. The findings also give social marketers and advertisers some ideas on what should be taken note of to gain more customers. Managerial and theoretical implications are also highlighted.