Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Welfare by the ear: comparing relative durations and frequencies of ear postures by using an automated tracking system in sheep

Given the increased interest in animal emotional reactions for assessing welfare, indicators for such reactions are sought. Ear postures and movements have been found to be promising indicators of emotional states in sheep and other animals. The manual recording of ear postures, however, is very time consuming and possibly prone to a degree of inaccuracy due to the subtle and fast nature of ear movements that have to be identified. Therefore, a number of previous studies have analysed the frequency of certain ear postures relative to all ear posture changes rather than measuring the relative duration spent with different ear postures. Here, we present an automated, continuous tracking system that keeps track of small and lightweight marker balls attached to the head and ears of sheep. We measured ear postures and movements when the animals were confronted with three physical stimuli thought to differ in valence (from negative to intermediate to positive). We then compared new ear-posture definitions reflecting the real time spent with certain ear postures during stimulation with previous definitions used for video-based analyses that assessed ear-posture changes in relation to the total number of observed ear postures. In the analysis, we correlated new and previous measures both between and within experimental stimuli using residuals from mixed-effects models. We found that the new and previous definitions of ear postures and movements correlated highly. Given these high correlations and the discussed theoretical and practical advantages of the automated tracking, the new recording system can be recommended highly for assessing reactions in animals that may indicate emotional states.
A study of surgical waiting lists and waiting times for selected procedures in British Columbia

For some time, the issue of waiting lists and waiting times has played a significant role in the debate about access to health care services in Canada. They are increasingly being blamed for hindering reasonable access to health care services and governments across Canada, both provincial and federal, are continually called on the address the issue of waiting lists and waiting times. A comprehensive understanding of the nature of waiting lists and waiting times is critical to the development of effective policies. The evidence regarding the nature of the waiting lists and waiting times and the factors affecting them remains in the early stages. The purpose of the study is to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the nature of the waiting lists and waiting times. Specifically, the study seeks to: (1) critically review the published and unpublished literature; (2) develop a conceptual framework identifying various patient, physician and hospital factors that may affect waiting lists and waiting times; (3) assess the validity and reliability of the B.C. Surgical Waiting List Data (SWL); and (4) identify patient, physician and hospital factors that significantly affect patient waiting time. The study focuses on four surgical procedures: knee replacement, hip replacement, cardiac and cataract surgery. Literature Review A critical review of the existing literature from Canada and abroad revealed several key themes and gaps in our understanding of waiting lists and waiting times. First, the accuracy of waiting list data and the validity and reliability of key measures (i.e. "date-on", "date-off', waiting list size) are often suspect. Second, the evidence regarding factors affecting waiting lists and waiting times remains in the early stages of development and as such, there are significant gaps in the evidence. Validity/Reliability of the SWL Data The accuracy of the SWL data were assessed using established data assessment methods for a single and multiple data sets. Additional administrative health care data, hospital separations and physician billing data, were used to assess the validity of the SWL. Overall, the data
Assessing the Upper Critical Limit of the Thermoneutral Zone in Laboratory Mice

Endothermic organisms such as mammals and birds rely on high energy budgets to regulate body temperature. Many studies have previously investigated the thermo-regulation of mammals under the lower critical temperature of the thermoneutral zone, yet our knowledge in determining the upper critical limits is still scarce. As an endotherm, lab mice ( Mus musculus) are perfect models to determine the cost to maintain constant body temperature as ambient temperature increases. The upper critical temperature of the thermoneutral zone of this species has been estimated to be above 32°C and below 34°C. By utilizing different genetic backgrounds of lab mice in this study will help us to understand how genetic variation may impact thermoregulation. My research, questions were: 1) Is the upper critical limit similar for all mice, regardless of genetic background? And 2) Do resting metabolic rate (RMR), body temperature (Tb) and evaporative water loss (EWL) increase similarly all mice as ambient temperature increases? To investigate the upper critical temperature between the standard inbred lab strain C57BL6/JUM (N =12) and mice with a mixed genetic background (N=8), I used flow through respirometry which measured VCO 2 , evaporative water loss and body temperature over a range of ambient temperatures from 25-38°C. Body mass was measured on a 0.1g scale and there was a significant difference in body mass between both strains of mice, which is well documented. Break points in resting metabolic rate and body temperature were higher C57BL6/JUM mice compared to the mixed strain. On the other hand, evaporative water loss was higher in the mixed strain. The results were not statistically significant since I had a low degree of freedom due to exclusion of data points based on activity of the mice, which confounded data collection in those samples and the goal was to determine the resting metabolic rate, not active metabolic rate. However, my results do indicate differences in RMR, T b and EWL due to genetic differences. This information could be important for understanding the most efficient way mammals spend their metabolic energy to maintain a tightly balanced energy budget. Future work needs to be done to understand what causes these variations in upper critical limits. relationship between T b and EWL against T a, I used break point analysis implemented using the R packa ge ‘segmented’ (Muggeo 2008) with mass as covariate. I compared the means of RMR, EWL and body temperature between the transgenic 129mix strain and BL6 mice. Using a 0.1g scale, Body mass was also compared between both strains using two tail t-test in strain and sexes.
Brisk Walking the Underused Modality to Alleviate Obesity

Copyright: © 2014 Chen CK. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The worldwide prevalence of obesity has doubled since1980. In 2008, 35% of adults older than 20 years of age were overweight [1]. Obesity has serious implications because it is associated with a twofold risk in heart disease and diabetes and also increased incidence of some cancers, upper respiratory problems, arthritis, and other health problems. As a developing nation, Malaysia is not exempted from this obesity phenomenon. The first national estimates of overweight and obese adults were reported from the second National Health and Morbidity Survey in 1996 (NHMS 2) as 20.7% and 5.8%, respectively [2]. A decade later, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the Malaysian adults rose to 29.1% and 14.0% respectively as reported in the 2006 NHMS [3].
Discursos que forjan identidades: un análisis crítico de discursos en la formulación de políticas sobre la enseñanza del inglés en Colombia

This article addresses a critical problem about asymmetrical power relationships and uneven conditions in English language education exerted via identity shaping discourses in the document Educacion: Vision 2019 issued by the Colombian Ministry of National Education. The study follows the critical discourse analysis method. It characterizes discursive strategies which, in turn, unveil power structures, means of control, and subject positioning of submission and dominance inherent in three main categories: Being bilingual, being successful, and being Colombian. It concludes that discourses are being strategically employed by the Colombian Ministry of National Education to change or preserve ideologies and to widen gaps between socio-economic groups to protect the interests of only a small segment of the population.
Promoter Methylation of p16 Gene in Cervical Cancer

Objective : To investigate the promoter methylation status in the p16 gene in primary cervical cancer and to analyze the relationships between the clinicopathologic parameters and the methylation status of p16 gene. Methods : Promoter methylation was evaluated by using a methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction in 78 cervical cancer tissues and 24 control non-neoplastic cervical tissues. Clinicopathologic parameters were obtained from medical records and the relationships between the discrete variables and the methylation status were evaluated. Results : The frequency of the promoter methylation of p16 in cervical cancer was 57.0% (45/78). Primary cervical cancer had a significantly higher methylation frequency for p16 gene as compared to a control non-neoplastic cervix (p
Core Muscle Activation and Activity Throughout the Different Phases of the Golf Swing: A Literature Review

ABSTRACT THE GOLF SWING REQUIRES SPECIFIC MUSCLE CONTRACTION. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO COMPILE A STRUCTURED LITERATURE REVIEW OF CORE MUSCLE ACTIVITY WITHIN DIFFERENT PHASES OF THE GOLF SWING. A LITERATURE SEARCH WAS CONDUCTED TO CAPTURE ALL ARTICLES APPLICABLE. A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS WAS UNDERTAKEN. THE SEARCH RESULTED IN 150 ARTICLES, 59 OF WHICH MET INCLUSION CRITERIA; 16 WERE CONCERNED WITH CORE MUSCLES WITHIN DIFFERENT PHASES OF THE GOLF SWING. AVAILABLE RESEARCH IS LIMITED TO SPECIFIC MUSCLE GROUPS AND ONLY ADDRESSES CERTAIN PHASES OF THE GOLF SWING. NO DATA PORTRAYS THE ACTIVITY OF CORE MUSCLES DURING DIFFERENT PHASES OF THE GOLF SWING.
Doing Internet Research: Critical Issues and Methods for Examining the Net

Introduction - James T Costigan Forests, Trees and Internet Research Studying the Net - Steve Jones Intricacies and Issues Complementary Explorative Data Analysis - Fay Sudweeks and Simeon J Simoff The Reconciliation of Quantitative and Qualitative Principles Recontextualizing 'Cyberspace' - Lori Kendall Methodological Considerations for On-line Research Studying On-line Social Networks - Laura Garton, Caroline Haythornthwaite and Barry Wellman Cybertalk and the Method of Instances - Norman K Denzin Configuring as a Mode of Rhetorical Analysis - James J Sosnoski From Paper-and-Pencil to Screen-and-Keyboard - Diane F Witmer, Robert W Colman and Sandra Lee Katzman Toward a Methodology for Survey Research on the Internet Measuring Internet Audiences - Margaret McLaughlin et al Patrons of an On-line Art Museum Analyzing the Web - Ananda Mitra and Elisia Cohen Directions and Challenges There is a There There - Jan Fernback Notes toward a Definition of Cybercommunity Researching and Creating Community Networks - Teresa M Harrison and Timothy Stephen Beyond Netiquette - Barbara F Sharf The Ethics of Doing Naturalistic Discourse Research on the Internet Thinking the Internet - Jonathan Sterne Cultural Studies versus the Millennium
Impacts of Title I Supplemental Educational Services on Student Achievement. NCEE 2012-4053.

As part of No Child Left Behind, parents of low-income students in low-performing schools are offered Supplemental Educational Services (SES) for their children. These academic supports, such as extra tutoring or group sessions, take place outside the regular school day. A report and executive summary for the Institute of Education Sciences examine potential achievement benefits. In the six study districts located in Connecticut, Florida, and Ohio, the program was directed to the lowest-achieving students due to oversubscription. However, not all students who were offered access to the program participated. The study found no evidence of impacts from offering SES to students near the cutoff of acceptance into the program. Furthermore, there were no impacts from participating in SES on student achievement in reading or math. Providers offered an average of 21 hours of SES per student for the school year, either one-on-one or in group sessions conducted by local teachers. No observed provider characteristics and practices, including intensity of services, were significantly associated with stronger impacts. The six districts were not nationally representative.
Recent Patents on Biomedical Applications for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease of the arteries and accounts for about 50 percent of all deaths in industrial- ized countries. For its treatment, patients primarily need to undergo lifestyle changes, concerning their diet or sportive behavior, while additional pharmaceutical approaches help to reduce major risk factors such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia. How- ever, these two areas of treatment are only briefly mentioned here. Instead, this article focuses on literature and patents from the last decade focusing on invasive surgical procedures neces- sary for treatment of diseased blood vessels in severe cases of atherosclerosis. Described herein are synthetic grafts and so-called autografts, which are harvested from the patient for bypass surgery. In addition, implantable stents are discussed, which deal with different atherosclerotic aspects, such as restenosis, re-endothelialization, neointimal hyperplasia and thrombosis. And finally, publications and inventions are presented from the relatively new field of artificial tissue engi- neering incorporating stem cells or biomaterials to construct new vessels as substitutes for diseased veins and arteries.
Exploring artisanship through workplace learning at a South African mine

The workplace provides a fertile learning environment where apprentices can improve and fine-tune their trade to develop from apprentice to artisan. The experience and expertise of a seasoned employee transferred to the novice apprentice in this setting through informal workplace learning could contribute to the development of artisanship. Apprentices apply trade theory to what was learned during formal training and reflect on this learning by trial and error. Workplace learning could be provided in the mining context through different modes that could include formal, non-formal as well as informal learning. Various authors emphasise that the workplace provides a legitimate setting for informal workplace learning, which has received increased prominence over the past years. Also, the literature suggests that employees develop significantly more skills and expertise in the workplace through informal learning, which was identified as a leading mode for learning delivery in that environment. Learnerships offered by a mine in South Africa for the development of artisans as a requirement in its Social and Labour Plan to drive community development and organisation sustainability provide a unique opportunity to focus on informal workplace learning. This study explored artisanship through workplace learning to investigate which organisational factors (if any) influenced artisan development, how informal workplace learning is facilitated, and how it occurs at a mine. Data were collected through 18 semi-structured interviews, which were analysed by way of conventional content analysis. The results indicated that informal workplace learning facilitated the development of artisan apprentices in the mining sector.
Psychosocial Adaptation to Chronic Illness and Disability

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FRI0580-HPR Correlation between Self-Reported Physical Function and Isokinetic Total Muscle Work in Early Degrees of Knee Osteoarthritis

Background Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic joint disease. Quadriceps is the muscle around the knee joint more affected by the disease, resulting in a reduction in functional muscle parameters. This may contribute to substantial functional deficits, however it is not clear if functional muscle parameters, like total muscle work, correlates to physical function in early degrees of knee osteoarthritis. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between functional impairment and knee extensor total muscle work in men with Grades I or II knee OA. Methods Fourteen men with knee OA grade I or II (according to Kellgren & Lawrance criteria) participated in this study. The physical function section of the Western Ontario and MacMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire was applied before the isokinetic evaluation. The concentric and eccentric knee extensor total muscle work were assessed using Biodex System 3 Pro isokinetic dynamometer, at a speed of 90°/s. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to detect the relationship between the dependent variables (WOMAC questionnaire physical function section score) and the independent variables (average total muscle work). For all the statistical tests, the significance level was p<0.05. Results The data analysis revealed a moderate and negative correlation between self-reported physical function and eccentric extensor total muscle work (r= -0.8, p=0,001). The self-reported physical function presented no correlation with concentric extensor total muscle work (r= -0.5, p=0,07). These results indicate that the higher the knee extensor eccentric total muscle work, the lower the level of functional impairment self-reported by these individuals. Conclusions Our results indicate that correlation between eccentric knee extensor total muscle work and self-reported physical function are already present in individual with early degrees of knee OA. These results also indicate the lower the total work, the greater the functional deficit.Thus, physical therapy programs are indicated for these patients to improve physical function, especially in functional activities involving eccentric contraction of the quadriceps. References American College of Rheumatology Subcommittee on Osteoarthritis Guidelines.Recommendations for the medical management of osteoarthritis of the hip and knee: 2000 update. Arthritis Rheum 2000; 43:1905-15. Brandt KD, Dieppe PA, Eric R. Etiopathogenesis of osteoarthritis.Med Clin N Am 2009; 93: 1-24. Kellgren, J H, Lawrence, J S. Radiological assessment of osteo-arthrosis. Ann Rheum Dis, 1957; 16: 494-502. Weber JC, Lamb DR. Statistics and Research in Physical Education. Saint Luis: C.V; Mosby Company; 1970. Acknowledgements The Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), São Paulo, Brazil for financial support (#2007/07200-4; #2011/06619-7). Disclosure of Interest None declared DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3807
Improved Piezoelectric Performance of Electrospun PVDF Nanofibers with Conductive Paint Coated Electrode

Fabrication of Nanogenerators (NGs) using Electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers for sensing and energy harvesting applications is a trending research due to its flexibility, biocompatibility, low-cost, etc. Different electrode materials, polymer composites had been proposed to increase the energy output. However, the contact area between the electrode material and nanofiber mat which helps to conduct more piezoelectric charges to the electrode surface are still unexplored especially at nanoscale level. In this paper, authors have proposed the use of low-cost carbon conductive paint to increase the contact area between the electrode and nanofiber mat. The electrode material is coated with conductive paint and the NG was fabricated with that electrode to compare the performances with conventional NG. Piezoelectric performance of the proposed NG has increased substantially as it generates an open circuit voltage [Formula: see text]) of 4.5[Formula: see text]V and short circuit current [Formula: see text]) of 25[Formula: see text]nA, whereas the conventional NG can only produce 1.6 [Formula: see text]) and 1.5[Formula: see text]nA [Formula: see text]). A drop test experiment was conducted, and the device consistency was verified experimentally.
Functional Disability 5 Years after Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

This prospective, longitudinal study is an extension of the seminal work by Herridge,1 which sheds light into the physical and psychological impairment, and the increased costs of healthcare services associated with critical illness following survival from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This benchmark paper stresses the need for family-centred, long-term rehabilitation after a prolonged critical illness. Level of evidence: 2C (Outcome/follow-up study)
The Pediatric Symptom Checklist: Comparison of symptom profiles using three factor structures between pediatric gastroenterology and general pediatric patients

ABSTRACT This study evaluated and compared three different factor structures of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) in a gastroenterology (GI) and a general pediatrics (GP) sample. Parents of GP (n = 169) and GI (n = 177) patients completed the PSC. Each structure includes internalizing, externalizing, and attention problems. Only one structure includes school problems. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed higher internalizing symptoms for GI patients across factor structures. The relationship between internalizing symptoms and age was moderated by group. The PSC seems sensitive to internalizing difficulties in GI patients regardless of factor structure. Older pediatric GI patients may be at increased risk for internalizing symptoms.
ADAPTAÇÃO TRANSCULTURAL E ANÁLISE DAS PROPRIEDADES PSICOMÉTRICAS DA SPORT MOTIVATION SCALE-II NO CONTEXTO BRASILEIRO CROSS-CULTURAL ADAPTATION AND PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES ANALYSIS OF THE SPORT MOTIVATION SCALE-II FOR THE BRAZILIAN CONTEXT

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a adaptacao transcultural da Escala de Motivacao para o Esporte-II (SMS-II). Para tanto, foram realizados tres estudos. O primeiro consistiu em traduzir a SMS-II para o portugues e adaptar seu conteudo para o contexto brasileiro. No segundo, 364 atletas de modalidades individuais e coletivas responderam a versao adaptada da SMS-II. No estudo 3, 50 atletas responderam a SMS-II em dois momentos. O estudo 1 evidenciou que a versao em portugues contem questoes claras e relevantes (CVC > 0,80). O estudo 2 mostrou que a SMS-II possui boa consistencia interna em todas as dimensoes(α>0,70/CC>0,70),comexcecaodaregulacaointrojetada(α>0,61/CC>0,56). Aanalisefatorialconfirmatoriademonstrou que todos os itens, exceto 1 e 7 (regulacao introjetada), apresentaram cargas fatoriais aceitaveis; o modelo final da SMS-II (modificado) teve ajuste satisfatorio e a analise multigrupos apontou a invariância entre homens e mulheres. Ademais, o estudo 3 evidenciou a estabilidade temporal da escala (CCI > 0,70). Concluiu-se que a adaptacao transcultural da SMS-II para a lingua portuguesa apresentou propriedades psicometricas aceitaveis; entretanto, suas limitacoes devem ser exploradas em futuras pesquisas.