Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abduction and asylum in the lives of transcription factors

Recent studies suggest that there are many nonfunctional transcription factor binding sites along a genome. Although these “decoy” sites compete with the promoter region for binding of transcription factors, they may also protect these proteins from degradation. We show that in the limit of perfect protection, where bound transcription factors are never degraded, the competitive effect of nonfunctional binding sites is completely canceled out by the stability gained from reduced degradation. We examine the response of an autoregulated gene to the total number of transcription factors to quantify the consequences of competition for transcription factors. We show that intuition about this system can be gained by mathematically constructing a single gene with effective parameters that reproduce the behavior of a gene with added decoy sites. In analogy to dressed particles in many-body systems we term this description a “quasi gene. ” We find that protective decoys buffer against noise by reducing correlations between transcription factors, specifically in the case of production of transcription factors in bursts. We show that the addition of protective decoy sites causes the level of gene expression to approach that predicted from deterministic mass action models. Finally, we show that protective decoy sites decrease the size of the region of parameter space that exhibits bistability.
Dynamic regulation of functionally distinct virus-specific T cells

The functional capacities of CD8+ T cells important for virus clearance are influenced by interactions with antigen presenting cells (APCs) and CD4+ T cells during initial selection, subsequent expansion, and development of memory. Recently, investigators have shown that polyfunctional T cells correlate best with long-term protection, however, it is still unknown how to stimulate T cells to achieve these responses. To study this, we examined the phenotypes and functions of CD8+ T cells specific for two different virus antigens stimulated ex vivo using either autologous monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) or HLA-A2-Ig-based artificial APCs (aAPCs). Although similar numbers of influenza virus and measles virus tetramer-positive cells were generated by stimulation with peptide-loaded moDCs and aAPCs, T cell function, assessed by expression of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, MIP1β, and CD107a, showed that aAPC-generated CD8+ T cells were multifunctional, whereas moDC-generated cells were mostly monofunctional. aAPC-generated cells also produced more of each cytokine per cell than CD8+ T cells generated with moDCs. These phenotypes were not fixed, as changing the culture conditions of expanding T cells from aAPCs to moDCs, and moDCs to aAPCs, reversed the phenotypes. We conclude that CD8+ T cells are heterogeneous in their functionality and that this is dependent, in a dynamic way, on the stimulating APC. These studies will lead to understanding the factors that influence induction of optimal CD8+ T cell function.
Hierarchical MoS2/Polyaniline Nanowires with Excellent Electrochemical Performance for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

In recent years, global warming and the energy crisis have accelerated the development of electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles, which has put forward an ever-growing demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with even higher power density and longer cycle life. [ 1 ] The electrochemical performances of the electrode materials are strongly dependent on their sizes, morphologies, and structures; therefore, to meet the requirements, many efforts have been devoted to designing novel nanostructured electrode materials. Extensive research has proved that nanomaterials can achieve higher specifi c capacity and better cyclability compared with their bulky counterparts, due to the decreased diffusion lengths, enhanced kinetics and large ionic contact area. [ 1a , 2 ] Owing to their high surface energy, nanoparticles however tend to self-aggregate, which reduces the effective contact areas among the active materials, conductive reagent, and electrolyte. [ 3 ] So it is crucial to retain the large contact to fully fulfi ll the advantage of active nanomaterials. Recently, hierarchical structures composed of various building blocks on the nanoscale have attracted great attention as a new class of electrode materials, which synergistically enhance the features of both micromaterials and nanomaterials. In such structures, the nanoscale dimension of building blocks promotes the kinetics of Li + -ion storage due to the shortened diffusion paths, while
Simple stimuli, simple strategies

Contentious debate surrounds our report (1) that European starlings recognize complex syntactic structures—an ability otherwise claimed to be uniquely human. In studying zebra finches (ZFs), van Heijingen et al. (2) have concluded that these abilities are best explained by simple perceptual strategies. However, critical methodological differences between the starling and ZF studies invalidate the conclusions of van Heijingen et al.
Two‐Dimensional Supramolecular Electron Spin Arrays

A bottom-up approach is introduced to fabricate two-dimensional self-assembled layers of molecular spin-systems containing Mn and Fe ions arranged in a chessboard lattice. We demonstrate that the Mn and Fe spin states can be reversibly operated by their selective response to coordination/decoordination of volatile ligands like ammonia (NH3).
GUIDELINES FOR COMMUNICATION IN FILM SCORING

Film Scoring is a collaborative activity that involves several practitioners, in particular music specialists (film composers) and non specialists (filmmakers). Previous ethnographic records have shown that this creative collaboration can face large levels of misunderstanding and frustration amongst practitioners, and that little has been done to help them communicate accurately and efficiently. In this paper we present the aims and outcomes of an explorative study conducted with composers and filmmakers. Through this study we identified challenges recurrently faced by practitioners in communication. We then developed guidelines for best practice based on personal habits that practitioners elaborate to address those challenges.
Facile Synthesis of Magnetite/Perfluorocarbon Co‐Loaded Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Vesicles for Dual‐Modality Ultrasound/Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Imaging‐Guided High‐Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation

Multifunctional organic/inorganic hybrid nanovesicles, fabricated by a facile self-assembly/sol-gel approach, display a unique morphology (figure) and satisfactory stability under physiological conditions. By co-encapsulation of superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles and a liquid perfluorocarbon, the nanovesicles can be used not only as a dual-modality ultrasound/magnetic resonance contrast agent for accurate cancer diagnosis and monitoring, but also as a therapeutic enhancement agent for effective high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation.
Drosophila topo IIIα is required for the maintenance of mitochondrial genome and male germ-line stem cells

Topoisomerase IIIα (topo IIIα), a member of the conserved Type IA subfamily of topoisomerases, is required for the cell proliferation in mitotic tissues, but has a lesser effect on DNA endoreplication. The top3α gene encodes two forms of protein by utilizing alternative translation initiation sites: one (short form) with the nuclear localization signal only, exclusively localized in the nuclei, and the other (long form), retaining a mitochondrial import sequence at the N-terminus and the nuclear localization sequence at the C-terminus, localized primarily in the mitochondria, though with a small portion in the nuclei. Both forms of topo IIIα can rescue the viability of null mutants of top3α. No apparent defect is associated with the flies rescued by the long form; short-form-rescued flies (referred to as M1L), however, exhibit defects in fertilities. M1L females are sterile. They can lay eggs but with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and ATP content decreased by 20- and 2- to 3-fold, respectively, and they fail to hatch. Of the newly eclosed M1L males, 33% are completely sterile, whereas the rest have residual fertilities that are quickly lost in 6 days. The fertility loss of M1L males is caused by the disruption of the individualization complex and a progressive loss of germ-line stem cells. This study implicates topo IIIα in the maintenance of mtDNA and male germ-line stem cells, and thus is a causative candidate for genetic disorders associated with mtDNA depletion.
Magnetic nanoparticle-based isolation of endocytic vesicles reveals a role of the heat shock protein GRP75 in macromolecular delivery

An increased understanding of cellular uptake mechanisms of macromolecules remains an important challenge in cell biology with implications for viral infection and macromolecular drug delivery. Here, we report a strategy based on antibody-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles for the isolation of endocytic vesicles induced by heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), key cell-surface receptors of macromolecular delivery. We provide evidence for a role of the glucose-regulated protein (GRP)75/PBP74/mtHSP70/mortalin (hereafter termed “GRP75”) in HSPG-mediated endocytosis of macromolecules. GRP75 was found to be a functional constituent of intracellular vesicles of a nonclathrin-, noncaveolin- dependent pathway that was sensitive to membrane cholesterol depletion and that showed colocalization with the membrane raft marker cholera toxin subunit B. We further demonstrate a functional role of the RhoA GTPase family member CDC42 in this transport pathway; however, the small GTPase dynamin appeared not to be involved. Interestingly, we provide evidence of a functional role of GRP75 using RNAi-mediated down-regulation of GRP75 and GRP75-blocking antibodies, both of which inhibited macromolecular endocytosis. We conclude that GRP75, a chaperone protein classically found in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, is a functional constituent of noncaveolar, membrane raft-associated endocytic vesicles. Our data provide proof of principle of a strategy that should be generally applicable in the molecular characterization of selected endocytic pathways involved in macromolecular uptake by mammalian cells.
An Electrically Reversible Switchable Surface to Control and Study Early Bacterial Adhesion Dynamics in Real‐Time

Bacterial adhesion can be controlled by applying electrical potentials to surfaces incorporating well-spaced negatively charged 11-mercaptoundecanoic acids. When combined with electrochemical surface plasmon resonance, these dynamic surfaces become powerful for monitoring and analysing the passage between reversible and non-reversible cell adhesion, opening new opportunities to advance our understanding of cell adhesion processes.
The Perceived Impact of Diabetes Support Groups

A dearth of research exists describing the perceived impact of diabetes support groups from the perspective of support group participants. This study examined the subjective experience of being a participant in a diabetes support group upon a person's physical and emotional well being. Participants were recruited from a diabetes support group and interviewed individually through a series of open ended interview questions. The participants reported various physical and emotional challenges related to their diabetes. The support group was a source of information, hope, shared experience and group problem solving as individuals strived to maintain lifestyle behaviors required to manage their diabetes. This support group was a positive source of support for these participants. More studies, with larger sample sizes, examining support group interventions or strategies would be beneficial in order to gain an understanding of which aspects of a support group promote positive client outcomes. Advanced practice nurses play a pivotal role in designing further studies that examine the impact of support groups. This will enhance our understanding of a support group's role in sustaining and promoting positive health behaviors and well being. In order to continue this form of support in the community, health policy needs to address the funding of this resource to sustain it as a tertiary intervention in the future. Acknowledgements First and foremost, I am thankful to Dr. Joanne Costello, my major advisor, for her guidance and expertise on this project. Her knowledge of a subject most near and dear to her has enlightened my awareness and understanding of this very important and significant public health issue. Her expertise in qualitative research methods has been instrumental in this process and has provided a means in which I was able to conceptualize the lived experience of a person afflicted with diabetes. Secondly, I wish to thank Dr. Patricia Thomas, my second reader for her suggestions and insight. Her knowledge and general enthusiasm is very much appreciated. Lastly, I would like to thank Maureen Boris RN MS, Certified Diabetes Outpatient Educator, not only for her guidance and expertise, but her willingness to welcome me into her beloved diabetes support group. Many others have inspired and assisted me in pursuit of a graduate degree for which I am grateful. This experience at Rhode Island College has enriched my depth of knowledge and has fostered my appreciation of the art and science of nursing.
Litigation related to anaesthesia: an analysis of claims against the NHS in England 1995–2007

The distribution of medico‐legal claims in English anaesthetic practice is unreported. We studied National Health Service Litigation Authority claims related to anaesthesia since 1995. All claims were reviewed by three clinicians and variously categorised, including by type of incident, claimed outcome and cost. Anaesthesia‐related claims account for 2.5% of all claims and 2.4% of the value of all claims. Of 841 relevant claims 366 (44%) were related to regional anaesthesia, 245 (29%) obstetric anaesthesia, 164 (20%) inadequate anaesthesia, 95 (11%) dental damage, 71 (8%) airway (excluding dental damage), 63 (7%) drug related (excluding allergy), 31 (4%) drug allergy related, 31 (4%) positioning, 29 (3%) respiratory, 26 (3%) consent, 21 (2%) central venous cannulation and 18 (2%) peripheral venous cannulation. Defining which cases are, from a medico‐legal viewpoint, ‘high risk’ is uncertain, but the clinical categories with the largest number of claims were regional anaesthesia, obstetric anaesthesia, inadequate anaesthesia, dental damage and airway, those with the highest overall cost were regional anaesthesia, obstetric anaesthesia, and airway and those with the highest mean cost per closed claim were respiratory, central venous cannulation and drug error excluding allergy. The data currently available have limitations but offer useful information. A closed claims analysis similar to that in the USA would improve the clinical usefulness of analysis.
Bovine Meat Inspection: Anatomy, Physiology and Disease Conditions

By reading, you can know the knowledge and things more, not only about what you get from people to people. Book will be more trusted. As this bovine meat inspection anatomy physiology and disease conditions, it will really give you the good idea to be successful. It is not only for you to be success in certain life you can be successful in everything. The success can be started by knowing the basic knowledge and do actions.
Hierarchical Tubular Structures Constructed by Carbon‐Coated SnO2 Nanoplates for Highly Reversible Lithium Storage

Hierarchical tubular structures constructed by ultrathin carbon-coated SnO(2) nanoplates are rationally designed and synthesized. This interesting structure simultaneously integrates the structural and compositional design rationales for high-energy anode materials based on low-dimensional ultrathin nanoplates, a hollow tubular structure, and a carbon nanocoating. When evaluated as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the as-synthesized SnO(2)-carbon hybrid structure manifests high specific capacity and excellent cycling stability.
TU‐AB‐BRA‐11: Evaluation of Fully Automatic Volumetric GBM Segmentation in the TCGA‐GBM Dataset: Prognosis and Correlation with VASARI Features

Purpose: Reproducible definition and quantification of imaging biomarkers is essential. We evaluated a fully automatic MR-based segmentation method by comparing it to manually defined sub-volumes by experienced radiologists in the TCGA-GBM dataset, in terms of sub-volume prognosis and association with VASARI features. Methods: MRI sets of 67 GBM patients were downloaded from the Cancer Imaging archive. GBM sub-compartments were defined manually and automatically using the Brain Tumor Image Analysis (BraTumIA), including necrosis, edema, contrast enhancing and non-enhancing tumor. Spearman’s correlation was used to evaluate the agreement with VASARI features. Prognostic significance was assessed using the C-index. Results: Auto-segmented sub-volumes showed high agreement with manually delineated volumes (range (r): 0.65 – 0.91). Also showed higher correlation with VASARI features (auto r = 0.35, 0.60 and 0.59; manual r = 0.29, 0.50, 0.43, for contrast-enhancing, necrosis and edema, respectively). The contrast-enhancing volume and post-contrast abnormal volume showed the highest C-index (0.73 and 0.72), comparable to manually defined volumes (p = 0.22 and p = 0.07, respectively). The non-enhancing region defined by BraTumIA showed a significantly higher prognostic value (CI = 0.71) than the edema (CI = 0.60), both of which could not be distinguished by manual delineation. Conclusion: BraTumIA tumor sub-compartments showed higher correlation with VASARI data, and equivalent performance in terms of prognosis compared to manual sub-volumes. This method can enable more reproducible definition and quantification of imaging based biomarkers and has a large potential in high-throughput medical imaging research.
Global capacity for emerging infectious disease detection

The increasing number of emerging infectious disease events that have spread internationally, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the 2009 pandemic A/H1N1, highlight the need for improvements in global outbreak surveillance. It is expected that the proliferation of Internet-based reports has resulted in greater communication and improved surveillance and reporting frameworks, especially with the revision of the World Health Organization's (WHO) International Health Regulations (IHR 2005), which went into force in 2007. However, there has been no global quantitative assessment of whether and how outbreak detection and communication processes have actually changed over time. In this study, we analyzed the entire WHO public record of Disease Outbreak News reports from 1996 to 2009 to characterize spatial-temporal trends in the timeliness of outbreak discovery and public communication about the outbreak relative to the estimated outbreak start date. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses show that overall, the timeliness of outbreak discovery improved by 7.3% [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.073, 95% CI (1.038; 1.110)] per year, and public communication improved by 6.2% [HR = 1.062, 95% CI (1.028; 1.096)] per year. However, the degree of improvement varied by geographic region; the only WHO region with statistically significant (α = 0.05) improvement in outbreak discovery was the Western Pacific region [HR = 1.102 per year, 95% CI (1.008; 1.205)], whereas the Eastern Mediterranean [HR = 1.201 per year, 95% CI (1.066; 1.353)] and Western Pacific regions [HR = 1.119 per year, 95% CI (1.025; 1.221)] showed improvement in public communication. These findings provide quantitative historical assessment of timeliness in infectious disease detection and public reporting of outbreaks.
Plastochromanol-8 and tocopherols are essential lipid-soluble antioxidants during seed desiccation and quiescence in Arabidopsis

Given their essential role as vitamin E, tocopherols and tocotrienols have been studied extensively in animals and plants. In contrast, our understanding of the function of plastochromanol-8 (PC-8), a third type of tocochromanol with a longer side chain, is very limited despite the wide distribution of PC-8 in the plant kingdom, including species consumed by humans. To investigate PC-8 function in vivo, we combined the Arabidopsis vte1 mutation that eliminates tocopherols and PC-8 and causes the accumulation of 2,3-dimethyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinol (DMPBQ), a redox-active tocopherol precursor, and the vte2 mutation that eliminates tocopherols without affecting PC-8. The vte2 vte1 double mutant lacks tocopherols, PC-8, and DMPBQ, and exhibits the most severe physiological and biochemical phenotypes of any tocochromanol-affected genotype isolated to date, most notably a severe seedling developmental phenotype associated with massive lipid oxidation initiated during seed desiccation and amplified during seed quiescence. In contrast, the presence of PC-8 in vte2 suppresses or attenuates all of the developmental and biochemical phenotypes observed in vte2 vte1, demonstrating that PC-8 is a lipid antioxidant in vivo. Finally, the low relative fitness of vte2 vte1 demonstrates that tocopherols and PC-8 are in vivo lipid antioxidants essential for seed plant survival.
Unexpected Dominance of Vertical Dislocations in High‐Misfit Ge/Si(001) Films and Their Elimination by Deep Substrate Patterning

An innovative strategy in dislocation analysis, based on comparison between continuous and tessellated film, demonstrates that vertical dislocations, extending straight up to the surface, easily dominate in thick Ge layers on Si(001) substrates. The complete elimination of dislocations is achieved by growing self-aligned and self-limited Ge microcrystals with fully faceted growth fronts, as demonstrated by AFM extensive etch-pit counts.
Appropriate laryngeal mask airway size for overweight and underweight children

The aim of this study was to compare conventional laryngeal mask airway sizing by weight with sizing by age in over‐ or underweight children. We studied 26 overweight (body mass index > 85th centile) and 26 underweight (body mass index < 15th centile) children. After general anaesthesia was induced, laryngeal mask airways sized by the patient’s weight and by an ideal weight (estimated from the patient’s age according to standardised tables) were inserted consecutively. In overweight children, oropharyngeal leak pressure was significantly greater when the laryngeal mask was sized by the patient’s actual weight. On the other hand in underweight children, it was significantly greater when sized by the ideal weight. In conclusion, laryngeal mask airway sizing according to the manufacturer’s weight‐based recommendation is to be preferred in overweight children, but laryngeal mask airway size by an ideal weight estimated from the patient’s age is a better choice in underweight children.
Positron emission tomography imaging in a case of tuberous sclerosis and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma

Abstract Positron emission tomography (PET), as a functional neuroimaging technique, provides biochemical and molecular information about brain and tumor tissues. We present the findings of FDG (2-deoxy-2[18F]-fluoro-D-glucose)-PET and magnetic resonance imaging in a 7-year-girl with tuberous sclerosis. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple cortical tubers, subependymal nodules and a subependymal giant cell astrocytoma. On FDG-PET images, the regions of cortical tubers were hypometabolic and the tumor also demonstrated hypometabolism implying a low-grade tumor. PET has been studied in tuberous sclerosis for many purposes including epilepsy and mental retardation. The present report suggests that FDG-PET could be useful in patients with tuberous sclerosis and intraventricular tumor as well.