Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contact effects in high performance fully printed p-channel organic thin film transistors

Contact effects have been investigated in fully printed p-channel organic thin film transistors with field effect mobility up to 2 cm2/Vs. Electrical characteristics of the organic thin film transistors, with channel length <200 μm, are seriously influenced by contact effects with an anomalous increase of the contact resistance for increasing source-drain voltage. Assuming that contact effects are negligible in long channel transistors and using gradual channel approximation, we evaluated the current-voltage characteristics of the injection contact, showing that I-V characteristics can be modeled as a reverse biased Schottky diode, including barrier lowering induced by the Schottky effect.
Exploring the Structure of Regional Climate Scenarios by Combining Synoptic and Dynamic Guidance and GCM Output

A set of regional climate scenarios is constructed for two study regions in North America using a combination of GCM output and synoptic‐dynamical reasoning. The approach begins by describing the structure and components of a climate scenario and identifying the dynamical determinants of large-scale and regional climate. Expert judgement techniques are used to categorize the tendencies of these elements in response to increased greenhouse forcing in climate model studies. For many of the basic dynamical elements, tendencies are ambiguous, and changes in sign (magnitude, position) can usually be argued in either direction. A set of climate scenarios is produced for winter and summer, emphasizing the interrelationships among dynamical features, and adjusting GCM results on the basis of known deficiences in GCM simulations of the dynamical features. The scenarios are qualitative only, consistent with the level of precision afforded by the uncertainty in understanding of the dynamics, and in order to provide an outline of the reasoning and chain of contingencies on which the scenarios are based. The three winter scenarios outlined correspond roughly to a north‐south displacement of the stationary wave pattern, to an increase in amplitude of the pattern, and to a shift in phase of the pattern. These scenarios illustrate that small changes in the dynamics can lead to large changes in regional climate in some regions, while other regions are apparently insensitive to some of the large changes in dynamics that can be plausibly hypothesized. The dynamics of summer regional climate changes are even more difficult to project, though thermodynamic considerations allow some more general conclusions to be reached in this season. Given present uncertainties it is difficult to constrain regional climate projections.
Common Polymorphisms in the USF 1 Gene and Cancer Susceptibility : A Meta-Analysis

Upstream transcription factor 1(USF1) has been identified to be implicated in the development of many cancer categories. In view of recent studies, several polymorphisms in USF1 gene appeared to exert diverse influence on cancer susceptibility. However, the association between USF1 polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility remains inconclusive due to the finite relevant published discoveries. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis by pooling all available published data on the susceptibility of USF1 (rs2516838, rs2516839, rs2774276 and rs3737787) polymorphisms to cancer. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. Finally, nine independent case-control studies comprising of 1,927 cases and 4,037 controls were enrolled in the present study. An increased susceptibility was identified inrs2516839 polymorphism and rs3737787 polymorphism, whereas no association was identified in rs2516838 andrs2774276.In addition, a statistically significant association between the USF12516839 polymorphism and HCC was revealed. Nonetheless, more individual studies with higher quality are required for further elucidation.
Experimental study on human target localization system using a multistatic ultra-wideband sensor

We have previously proposed a human target localization method using an ultra-wideband sensor with multistatic placed antennas and investigated its fundamental localization performance by computer simulation using simple indoor and human body models. In actual uses for the sensor, there are many reflectors such as desks and chairs other than walls in the room. Also, the intensity of the reflected wave from an actual human body changes complicatedly because the radar cross section varies greatly depending on the incident angle of radio waves. Therefore, in order to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed method, it is important to conduct experiments in actual radio propagation environment. In this research, we construct an experimental system that implements the proposed method and experimentally investigate the effectiveness of our proposal by changing the sensor parameters. The experimental results have confirmed that, for example, when the bandwidth is 3GHz, the localization error was within 0.25m with a probability of 80% or more, and the locations of a human target can be estimated with high accuracy.
Made you look! Temporal and emotional characteristics of attentional shift towards gazed locations

Abstract Studies using a cued gazing paradigm show that attention is reflexively shifted to the gazed-at location. However, there is disagreement as to the factors modulating attention orienting due to gaze cueing. In a series of three experiments, we investigated the role of the emotional expression of the cue (Exp. 1, 2 and 3), cue-target stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) (Exp. 2 and 3) and emotional valence of the target (Exp. 3) in the participants’ ability to attend to the target. Experiments 1 and 3 were discrimination tasks. Participants had to differentiate between two neutral targets in Exp. 1 and between two emotionally laden targets (a “square” and a “circle” associated with positive or negative emotions) in Experiment 3. In Experiment 2, participants had to detect a single target presented at different time intervals. The results suggest that attention is oriented towards gazed locations regardless of the accompanying emotional expression, SOA and emotion target association. Thus, eye gaze-mediated attention shifts in normal healthy adults seem to be unaffected by the experimental manipulations studied herein.
BIOSIGNAL 2010 Relationships Of Bacterial Metallothioneins : Phylogenetic Tree Construction Method

Phylogenetics is a central discipline in the modern life sciences aimed at describing sequences similarity through evolutionary relationships among organisms. Although it may seem that the graphical representation of phylogenetic connection between organism is a mastered problem, the results always depend on correct choice of method of computation, especially for diverse data as sequences of bacterial metallothioneins. We shown how our used methods and algorithms in a suitable form gives a good results. The coupling a simple Jukes Cantor model with approximation to Poisson distribution for amino acids and BioNJ algorithm witch is more effectively for alignment sequences, we obtained the resulting tree structure forms closed units, which corresponds to their affinity.
New Observations Disagree With Previous Interpretations of Surface Rupture Along the Himalayan Frontal Thrust During the Great 1934 Bihar‐Nepal Earthquake

Reinvestigation reveals observations that do not support prior claims that the great Mw 8.4 Bihar‐Nepal earthquake produced surface rupture along the Himalayan Frontal Thrust of Nepal. While it may be viewed as reasonable to suggest that the Main Himalayan Frontal Thrust was the source of the 1934 Bihar‐Nepal earthquake on geophysical grounds, decisive and substantiating geological evidence that it produced surface rupture along the trace of the Himalayan Frontal Thrust remains lacking.
Global‐scale flow routing using a source‐to‐sink algorithm

In this paper, the development and global application of a new approach to large‐scale river routing is described. It differs from previous methods by the extent to which the information content of high‐resolution global digital elevation models is exploited in a computationally efficient framework. The model transports runoff directly from its source of generation in a land model cell to its sink on a continental margin or in an internally draining basin (and hence is referred to as source‐to‐sink routing) rather than from land cell to land cell (which we call cell‐to‐cell routing). It advances the development of earlier source‐to‐sink models by allowing for spatially distributed flow velocities, attenuation coefficients, and loss parameters. The method presented here has been developed for use in climate system models, with a specific goal of generating hydrographs at continental margins for input into an ocean model. However, the source‐to‐sink approach is flexible and can be applied at any space‐time scale and in a number of other types of large‐scale hydrological and Earth system models. Hydrographs for some of the world's major river basins resulting from a global application, as well as hydrographs for the Nile River from a more detailed application, are discussed.
Challenges for Youth Employment in Pakistan: Are They Youth-Specific?

This paper analyzes the patterns of and the challenges for youth employment in Pakistan and examines whether these challenges are youth-specific. Using the 2005/2006 Labor Force Survey, the analysis includes determinants of unemployment, determinants of working in the formal sector, rate of return on education, and determinants of working hours. The paper finds that many of the challenges to youth employment in Pakistan are not youth-specific. Policies should thus emphasize broader labor market reforms, even in the context of tackling youth employment issues. Still, some challenges are youth-specific, such as a higher youth unemployment rate and insufficient returns to better-educated youth. To address these challenges, more youth-specific interventions are needed.
Characterization of a common deletion polymorphism of the UGT 2 B 17 gene linked to UGT 2 B 15

Members of the human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B family are located in a cluster on chromosome 4q13 and code for enzymes whose gene products are responsible for the normal catabolism of steroid hormones. Twomembers of this family,UGT2B15 andUGT2B17, share over 95% sequence identity. However, UGT2B17 exhibits broader substrate specificity due to a single amino acid difference. Using gene-specific primers to explore the genomic organization of these two genes, it was determined that UGT2B17 is absent in some human DNA samples. The gene-specific primers demonstrated the presence or absence of a 150 kb genomic interval spanning the entire UGT2B17 gene, revealing that UGT2B17 is present in the human genome as a deletion polymorphism linked to UGT2B15. Furthermore, it is shown that the UGT2B17 deletion polymorphism shows Mendelian segregation and allele frequencies that differ between African Americans and Caucasians. D 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ATTITUDES AND INTERGROUP RELATIONS 1 The Role of Attitudes in Intergroup Relations

The study of intergroup attitudes, particularly in terms of prejudice, has a long history within social psychology. However, the way intergroup attitudes have been conceptualized and measured has evolved in significant ways. Moreover, beyond documenting the role of attitudes on intergroup relations, there is a much deeper understanding of factors that moderate this relationship. In this chapter, we review research on the origins of prejudicial intergroup attitudes in a range of basic psychological processes, individual differences, social relations, and socio-structural factors. We then examine common distinctions between subtle or indirect expressions of intergroup attitudes and their blatant expression, as well as between explicit and implicit prejudice, and we explain how these distinctions have stimulated methodological development in the measurement of intergroup attitudes. We also consider ongoing and emerging debates on the role of intergroup attitudes in predicting discriminatory behavior. Following that, drawing on our review of basic processes that shape intergroup attitudes (e.g., personal experience, social categorization, and social influence), we focus on efforts to improve intergroup attitudes and intergroup relations. We conclude by highlighting new avenues for future work in the study of intergroup attitudes and its role in the dynamics and outcomes of intergroup relations. ATTITUDES AND INTERGROUP RELATIONS 5
The Morphological Characterization of the Blood Cells in the Three Species of Turtle and Tortoise in Iran

Hematologic investigations have been used diagnose disease. In this study morphological characterization of blood cells were investigated in three species of tortoise (T.graeca, Testudinidae) and turtle (Emys orbicularis andMauremyscaspica, Emyd idae) in Iran. The largest and the widest erythrocytes and nucleus were found in E. orbicularis and the smallest in T. graeca. Thro mbcytes and Five types of leukocytes were found in the turtle and tortoise blood namely basophiles, eosinophils, ly mphocytes,hetrophil and monocytes. The biggest thrombocytes, eosinophils, hetrophils and ly mphosytes were observed in T.graeca, the biggest basophiles was in E.orbicularis and the biggest monocytes were in M.caspica.
Aspen Restoration in the Eastern Sierra Nevada: Effectiveness of Prescribed Fire and Conifer Removal

Aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) comprises only a small fraction (1 %) of the Sierra Nevada landscape, yet contributes significant biological diversity to this range. In an effort to rejuvenate declining aspen stands, the Bureau of Land Management conducted conifer removal in three sites (2004 to 2006) and prescribed fire in two sites (2007). The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of these treatments. In each site, aspen densities in three regeneration size classes were measured in treated and untreated transects before and up to five years post-treatment. Five years after treatment, two of the three conifer removal sites showed significant improvement over controls in the density of total stems and two of three regeneration size classes. The third site did not show significant gains over controls in any size class and experienced significant aspen overstory mortality three years after treatment, which was attributed to sunscald and advanced age at the time of treatment. Three years after treatment, the two prescribed fire sites showed significant increases in total stem density and two regeneration size classes, but also exhibited significant stem mortality, which was likely due to a combination of herbivory and drought. Overall, both treatments can be effective, but future treatments should incorporate methods to reduce post-treatment mortality of residual aspen and new sprouts.
L’e-gouvernement et la protection de la vie privée – légalité, transparence et contrôle

© CIPS, 2014. * Élise DEGRAVE, L’e-gouvernement et la protection de la vie privée – Légalité, transparence et contrôle, collection du Crids (Bruxelles, Larcier, 2014), 762 pages ; ISBN 9782804467609. ** Titulaire du C.A. P.A et étudiante au sein du Master 2 Droit des Créations Numériques (Universités Paris-Sud 11 et Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne), en stage chez ROBIC, S.E. N.C. R.L. , un cabinet multidisciplinaire d’avocats et d’agents de brevets et de marques de commerce.
Automated 3D Image-Based Section Loss Detection for Finite Element Model Updating

Accurate and rapid condition assessment of inservice infrastructure systems is critical for systemwide prioritization decisions. One major assessment consideration is structural section loss due to deterioration, for instance from corrosion. Modern 3D imaging, which generates high-resolution 3D point clouds, is capable of measuring this degradation. Despite growth in the fields of point cloud analysis, few studies have addressed the potential of using such data for creating and updating numerical finite element models of structures. This paper presents a framework for automatic and systematic 3D section loss detection in structural components, followed by a corresponding update to a finite element model. Point cloud data of a targeted structure is obtained by using recently developed Dense Structure from Motion (DSfM) algorithms. Section loss damage is then located and identified by using computer vision techniques. In order to preserve data integrity and resolve localized high fidelity details, direct 3D point cloud comparisons are applied instead of 3D surface reconstruction or curve fitting techniques that limit the accuracy of the structural analysis. An experimental case study validating the developed approach is presented, along with a discussion of potential uses for the analysis framework. This study aims to prototype a method for fast and reliable detection, structural model updating, and tracking of deterioration in structures, for use by infrastructure managers and engineers. The proposed methodology will enable engineers to use the updated structural model to determine the reserved capacity and remaining service life of structural elements in both in-service structural systems and under severe loading conditions.
Constraining a hybrid volatility basis-set model for aging of wood-burning emissions using smog chamber experiments: a box-model study based on the VBS scheme of the CAMx model (v5.40)

Abstract. In this study, novel wood combustion aging experiments performed at different temperatures (263 and 288 K) in a ∼ 7 m3 smog chamber were modelled using a hybrid volatility basis set (VBS) box model, representing the emission partitioning and their oxidation against OH. We combine aerosol–chemistry box-model simulations with unprecedented measurements of non-traditional volatile organic compounds (NTVOCs) from a high-resolution proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) and with organic aerosol measurements from an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS). Due to this, we are able to observationally constrain the amounts of different NTVOC aerosol precursors (in the model) relative to low volatility and semi-volatile primary organic material (OMsv), which is partitioned based on current published volatility distribution data. By comparing the NTVOC ∕ OMsv ratios at different temperatures, we determine the enthalpies of vaporization of primary biomass-burning organic aerosols. Further, the developed model allows for evaluating the evolution of oxidation products of the semi-volatile and volatile precursors with aging. More than 30 000 box-model simulations were performed to retrieve the combination of parameters that best fit the observed organic aerosol mass and O : C ratios. The parameters investigated include the NTVOC reaction rates and yields as well as enthalpies of vaporization and the O : C of secondary organic aerosol surrogates. Our results suggest an average ratio of NTVOCs to the sum of non-volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds of ∼ 4.75. The mass yields of these compounds determined for a wide range of atmospherically relevant temperatures and organic aerosol (OA) concentrations were predicted to vary between 8 and 30 % after 5 h of continuous aging. Based on the reaction scheme used, reaction rates of the NTVOC mixture range from 3.0 × 10−11 to 4. 0 × 10−11 cm3 molec−1 s−1. The average enthalpy of vaporization of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) surrogates was determined to be between 55 000 and 35 000 J mol−1, which implies a yield increase of 0.03–0.06 % K−1 with decreasing temperature. The improved VBS scheme is suitable for implementation into chemical transport models to predict the burden and oxidation state of primary and secondary biomass-burning aerosols.
2 0 0 9 J I N S T 4 T 1 2 0 0 6

The LFI radiometers use a pseudo-correlation design where t signal from the sky is continuously compared with a stable reference signal, pr ovided by a cryogenic reference load system. The reference unit is composed by small pyramidal ho rns, ne for each radiometer, 22 in total, facing small absorbing targets, made of a commercial esin ECCOSORB CR TM, cooled to ∼4.5 K. Horns and targets are separated by a small gap to allow t hermal decoupling. Target and horn design is optimized for each of the LFI bands, centered a t 70, 44 and 30 GHz. Pyramidal horns are either machined inside the radiometer 20K module o r connected via external electroformed bended waveguides. The requirement of high stabilit y of the reference signal imposed a careful design for the radiometric and thermal properties of the loads. Materials used for the manufacturing have been characterized for thermal, RF and m echanical properties. We describe in this paper the design and the performance of the reference sy st m.
Comparison of Large and Ultra-Small Δ14C Measurements in Core Top Benthic Foraminifera from the Okhotsk Sea

The radiocarbon activity of benthic foraminifera was investigated in surface sediments from a high deposition rate location at a depth of 1000 m in the Okhotsk Sea. Sediments were preserved and stained with Rose Bengal to identify foraminifera that contain cytoplasm. The benthic fauna at this site is dominated by large specimens of Uvigerina peregrina, and bulk samples (∼150 individuals) of stained and unstained specimens were dated. The stained sample was about 240 14C yr younger than the unstained, and the presence of bomb 14C is inferred by comparison to water column data in the nearby open North Pacific. Using new methods, multiple measurements were also made on samples of three stained and unstained individuals (as small as 7 μg C). Results are consistent with those from the bulk samples. This suggests that similar ultra-small measurements could be made at other locations to reveal the age distribution of individuals in a sediment sample in order to assess the extent of bioturbation and the presence of bomb 14C contamination.
Variational method for integrability-breaking Richardson-Gaudin models

We present a variational method for approximating the ground state of spin models close to (Richardson-Gaudin) integrability. This is done by variationally optimizing eigenstates of integrable Richardson-Gaudin models, where the toolbox of integrability allows for an efficient evaluation and minimization of the energy functional. The method is shown to return exact results for integrable models and improve substantially on perturbation theory for models close to integrability. For large integrability-breaking interactions, it is shown how (avoided) level crossings necessitate the use of excited states of integrable Hamiltonians in order to accurately describe the ground states of general nonintegrable models.
Modelling Pinus pinea forest management to attain natural regeneration under present and future climatic scenarios

Natural regeneration-based silviculture has been increasingly regarded as a reliable option in sustainable forest management. However, successful natural regeneration is not always easy to achieve. Recently, new concerns have arisen because of changing future climate. To date, regeneration models have proved helpful in decision-making concerning natural regeneration. The implementation of such models into optimization routines is a promising approach in providing forest managers with accurate tools for forest planning. In the present study, we present a stochastic multistage regeneration model for Pinus pinea L. managed woodlands in Central Spain, where regeneration has been historically unsuccessful. The model is able to quantify recruitment under different silviculture alternatives and varying climatic scenarios, with further application to optimize management scheduling. The regeneration process in the species showed high between-year variation, with all subprocesses (seed production, dispersal, germin.