Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automated Real-time Gesture Recognition using Hand Motion Trajectory

—In this quite busy and technologically evolved world, gesture plays a very vital role in person’s everyday life to convey the data or send command to the machines using only the motions or wave of the hand and thus, automating the processes. Gesture recognition is basically a part of HCI (Human Computer Interaction). In the past recent years, many algorithms and methodology have been implemented on the gesture recognition and achieve a touch less environment between the computer and the human. In many of the developed algorithms and the methodologies, the use of high end cameras is mandatory. For example, the Kinect camera for motion capture used in PS3 gaming. In this paper, focus has been given on the utilization of the normal web camera to recognize the gesture as robust and correct as possible. The proposed methodology in the present work is the use of deep learning algorithm in order to learn the features of the gestures and then further classify them correctly in the real time. The main target is to recognize the alphabets of the English language like (A, B, C, D) by just waving hand in front of the web camera of the laptop with 5 mega pixel resolution. Firstly, the object of any specific color is detected for tracking the movement. Then, the skin color detection is done to effectively track the movement of human hand. The Deep Belief Neural Network is used to learn the gestures in the training phase of the project. The training of the system is done using the database manually created which consists of 11 characters, 4 samples each. Finally, the gestures are recognized in real-time using Deep Learning Algorithm. The proposed methodology with incorporation of the Deep Belief Neural Network learning method achieves the 95.5 % of the success rate. The recognition rate obtained from the present work mentioned in this paper is 95.5% which is significantly higher as compared to already published recognition rate which is 92.3% on the real-time gesture recognition.
Linkage between US monetary policy and emerging economies: the case of Korea?s financial market and monetary policy

This study offers empirical evidence on the linkage between the US monetary policy and Korean financial market volatilities, and the efficacy of Korea? s? monetary policy in the past decade and a half. First, we find evidence showing significant effects of interest spreads between short and long term interest rates of Korea and the US, and other US variables on the volatility of won-dollar exchange rate as well as Korean stock market index. Second, we find evidence that suggests that capital inflow into Korea might have weakened the efficacy of its monetary policy since the mid-2000s, a period notable for the increased accession by foreign investors to the Korean bond market and the US quantitative easing (QE) policy. A distinct change in the propagation mechanism of monetary policy, in which short term policy rate affects long term interest rates, is observed in Korea since the mid-2000s. In the latter sample period, US monetary policy appears to have had more influence on Korean market interest rates than Korea? s policy rate. In addition, we examine structural issues of the balance sheet of Korea? s? central bank in view of recent rise in interests in the financial health of central bank balance sheets and monetary policy credibility in the wake of QE policies in advanced economies.
Organophosphate Resistance and Allelic Frequencies of Esterases in the Olive Fruit Fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) 1

The polymorphic esterase loci, Est A and Est B, of a major agricultural pest, the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Dacus oleae), were stud- ied using a standard laboratory population (Ls) that had never been subjected to insecticides, two "resistant" populations (Rs and RRs) constructed after exposure of larvae to sublethal doses of the organophosphate insecticide dimethoate, and a field population (Fs) subjected to long-term pesticide expo- sure. Data showed that dimethoate, as a selective agent, was responsible for the induction of the changes in the frequencies of alleles of the Est A locus, whereas it did not affect the Est B locus. Our results also showed that the changes in the frequencies of some active alleles of Est A locus, observed in resistant populations, were similar to those found in the field population.
Isolation and Physical Characterization of Hydrophobin-Like Proteins (HLP) from Aerial Conidia of Metarhizium Anisopliae Var. Anisopliae

The aim of this study was to isolate and physically characterized Hyrophobin-Like Proteins (HLP) from the aerial conidia of two local isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae, namely, TA and LR2. The protein samples were isolated based on their insolubility in hot Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS). The SDS-insoluble proteins were then purified in cold 98% formic acid and performic acid. The molecular weight of the Formic Acid Extracted (FAE) proteins fell in the range of 13-17 kDa with the contents of 3.80 and 3.56 mg mL-1 for TA and LR2, respectively. Due to the stringent protocol of isolation and purification, the FAE proteins can be verified as Hydrophobin-Like Proteins (HLP). Both the HLP samples isolated from M. anisopliae isolates TA and LR2 have low contact angles of 57. 06Â±0.38 and 58. 43Â±0. 25Â°, respectively. The HLP also revealed good emulsification effect in the oil-water phase. Conidia showed good dispersion in aqueous solution with the application of HLP. Paper pre-coated with HLP resisted wetting by water for up to 439 sec. These unique properties of HLP from local isolates of M. anisopliae var. anisopliae are of great potential to be used in wide range of industrial applications.
LACTIC ACID BACTERIA. II : INTERACTIONS AMONG STRAINS OF Lactobacillus AND Lactococcus ISOLATED FROM RAW MILKS OF WESTERN ALGERIA

This work deals with the bacterial interactions among 16 members of Lactococcus genera and 11 of Lactobacillus genera isolated from raw milk of cow or she-camel from Algeria and identified thanks to biochemical and physiological tests. We looked for inter-inhibitions on 729 intra-specific, inter-specific or inter-generic couples, the co-cultures being realized in a phosphate buffered (pH=7) or non-buffered solid medium, or with catalase. 16.5% cases of inhibition, 2.5% of which are cases of self-inhibition were observed among the couples of Lactobacillus , and 74% cases of inhibition, 4.7% of which correspond to cases of self-inhibition among Lactococcus couples. Among the couples Lactobacillus - Lactococcus we noticed 2.3% cases of inhibition when Lactobacillus strains were used as indicator strains and 82.5% when Lactococcus strains were used as indicators strains. Some cases of inhibition but not all cases can be attributed to acidity or hydrogen peroxide production. No inhibition due to temperate phage was detected.
Geometric Morphometric Description of the Shell Shapes in Juvenile Spider Conch Lambis lambis

One of the most notable variations observed in the morphology of juvenile spider conch Lambis lambis is the different banding patterns. It is therefore important to assess if the different banding patterns belonging to a specific group is somehow reflected to the shape of the shell. A total of 16 banding patterns based on the striations or patches observed on the body whorl were observed in the species collected from a locality in Lanao del Norte, Philippines. These shapes of the shells of the different variant forms were analyzed using relative warp analysis. Results showed variation in shell shapes that are either slender-shaped or round-looking. The area where the variations were observed was in the spire-whorl length and the shape of the aperture. Within groups having distinct banding patterns, no significant variations were observed but not between groups based on discriminant analysis. The intra-population variation can be attributed to phenotypic plasticity. Whether genetics or environmental factors caused the phenomena still has to be investigated.
Entropy-Monotone Scheme for Nonlinear Scalar Conservation Laws

The Entropy-TVD scheme was developed for the non- linear scalar conservation laws in (1). The scheme with step reconstruction simultaneously compute the two numerical entities, the numerical solution and the numerical entropy, and numerical examples show that the scheme provides a super-convergence rate. In this paper, we present an Entropy-Monotone scheme with linear reconstruction for the non-linear scalar conservation laws. The GRP fluxes are used to compute numerical fluxes. Numerical tests show that the convergent rates of Entropy- Monotone scheme are more stable than Entropy-TVD scheme and Entropy-Monotone scheme has better resolution of shocks and corners of rarefaction waves.
Making economic growth and well-being compatible: the role of trust and income inequality

To what extent is economic growth liable to improve people’s subjective well-being in the long run? Recent studies identified three possible answers: economic growth matters a great deal; economic growth does not matter at all; economic growth matters, but other things matter more. Each of these conclusions has different policy implications to promote people’s well-being. Despite the progress of social science research, the disagreement persists for at least two reasons: first, current policy conclusions hinge on weak methodological grounds; second, the literature missed to identify the conditions shaping the relationship between economic growth and well-being. Our paper addresses these issues overcoming some of the methodological shortcomings of previous literature. Additionally, we test the hypotheses that economic growth has a positive effect on subjective well-being in presence of increasing social trust and decreasing income inequality. To this aim we use multilevel regression analysis and the integrated World Values Survey - European Values Study data-set. We confirm previous evidence showing that in the long run economic growth does not increase people’s well-being. We also document that decreasing income inequality and non decreasing social trust allow a long-term positive relationship between economic growth and subjective well-being.
The effect of compressed demographic transition and demographic gift on economic growth

In this paper, we examine the demographic transition and its effect on economic growth using a cross-country data. We use a threshold regression model to verify the transition and to confirm whether the demographic transitions are compressed or not in developing countries. We found out that in general, the demographic transitions, including the decreasing birth and death rate, in developing countries start in an earlier development stage compared to the demographic transitions in developed countries. These results suggest that the aging population and the decreasing working-age fraction in developing countries can also start in an earlier development stage than the experiences of developed countries and that the demographic gift in developing countries can also be lost in an early stage.
A linearized DPLL calculus with clause learning

Many formal descriptions of DPLL-based SAT algorithms either do not include all essential proof techniques applied by modern SAT solvers or are bound to particular heuristics or data structures. This makes it dicult to analyze proof-theoretic properties or the search complexity of these algorithms. In this paper we try to improve this situation by developing a nondeterministic proof calculus that models the functioning of SAT algorithms based on the DPLL calculus with clause learning. This calculus is independent of implementation details yet precise enough to enable a formal analysis of realistic DPLL-based SAT algorithms.
Investigating the joint relationship between bank conveniences and value added of agriculture sector in Iran

The agriculture sector in one hand provides food and other humans’ needs for survival and on the other hand in many countries it possesses the highest share in employment and GDP. Of the most effective factors on value added of the agriculture sector is methods of financing and endowment of bank conveniences identified as one of financing methods. Accordingly, the present paper aims at study of the relationship between bank conveniences of the agriculture sector and value added of the agriculture sector in Iran within years 1967 – 2010. To do this, the Granger causality and Toda and Yamamoto causality tests are used for investigating causality relationships between variables. Also, Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) test as well as microfit software is applied for investigating co-integration between two variables. The obtained results indicated that there is no casual relationship between bank conveniences of the agriculture sector and value added of the agriculture sector.
The fifties : Overcentralisation and description of the command economy

This essay reviews the complex love-hate relationship between comparative economics, as represented by its most outstanding representative, János Kornai, and mainstream economics, based on rational expectations and general equilibrium theorizing, as represented by Kenneth Arrow and his disciples Paul Samuelson, Olivier Blanchard and the New Keynesian line adopted by the IMF under his reign. The ultimate question is why the interaction has not been more productive and direct over the decades? Why has the post-communist era not brought about a rapprochement? The essay reviews major milestones presented in academic volumes in the oeuvre of Kornai through the decades. It highlights a special form of micro-founded macroeconomics, whose epistemological features are distinct from that of the neoclassical synthesis.
VEGETATION ANALYSIS OF SOME WETLAND HABITATS IN CENTRAL REGION OF SAUDI ARABIA

In this study, the vegetation of 63 sabkha and sewage canals in central region of Saudi Arabia was analyzed. A total of 109 plant species belonging to 83 different genera and 34 different plant families were collected. The most common plant families were Chenopodiaceae (18 species), Poaceae (16 species) and Asteraceae (10 species). Vegetation in the study area was classified into 6 groups; two of them were found in sabkhas only, one was found in sewage canals only and the other three were found in both habitats. The main factors controlling the plant presence and vigour in the studied wetlands were soil salinity, pH, EC, soil texture and content of organic matter.
Development and Evaluation of a Real Time Site-Specific Inter-Row Weed Management System

ABSTRACT- A real-time, site-specific, machine-vision based, inter-row patch herbicide application system was developed and evaluated. The image resolution was 640 × 480 pixels covering a total area of 350 mm x 240 mm of a field composed of four quadrants of 350 mm x 60 mm each. The image frames were processed by LabView® and MatLab®. The developed algorithm, based on weed coverage ratio and segmentation method for separating soil from plants, was chosen to be 2G-R-B. The unit was lab-tested to evaluate the accuracy of the sprayer at three travel speeds of 2, 4 and 6 km h-1. The effect of travel speed on spraying delay was not significant when using LabView®, while it was significant when MatLab® was used for image processing. A binary analysis algorithm showed that misclassification rates for plant (MCRP) and soil (MCRS) were (2.4±1.3)% [mean±SD] and (2.8±0.7)%, respectively and correct classification rates for plants (CCRp) and soil (CCRs) were (96 ±1.1)% and (93.8±1.3)%, respectively. During the field test, three herbicide application treatments consisting of target patch spraying, conventional (uniform) spraying and no spraying (control) were compared at three levels of weed coverage (low, medium and high). In the patch spraying treatment, a spray mixture of 2-4-D (0.35%) was sprayed only over the weed patches, while the conventional treatment plots received uniform and continuous applications of the same mixture. The result showed that the herbicide used in each patch spraying plot was proportional to the weed coverage level. On average, the target application resulted in 75% less herbicide consumption compared to the conventional application, while the patch spraying application was as effective as the conventional application for the eradication of weeds.
Molecular spectroscopy analysis of the substitution of bone tissue by HAp/PLLA composite biomaterial

Due to its pronounced osteoinductive properties, calcium hydroxyapatite (HAp) has been widely used in medicine. Bioresorptive poly-L-lactide (PLLA) as a polymer biomaterial has been also used extensively in medicine for its non-toxicity and biocompatibility. To combine the advantages exhibited by each of these materials, a HAp/PLLA composite biomaterial has been synthesized and used for reconstruction and repair of bone defects. Hydroxyapatite/poly-L-lactide (HAp/PLLA) composite biomaterial with PLLA of 50,000 and 430,000 g/mole molecular weight was studied in vivo. The biocomposite with PLLA of both molecular weights was implanted into mice, then removed from their organisms and analyzed by the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and histopathologic analysis. Characteristic absorption bands, registered and defined by FT-IR spectroscopy, confirm the formation of new functional groups and compounds during the bone repair process using HAp/PLLA biocomposite with PLLA of 50,000 and 430,000 molecular weights. Analysis of the microstructures of the sample surfaces by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after implantation revealed bioresorption of the PLLA polymer phase in the system with PLLA of lower molecular weight and generation of collagen fibers at the sites of implanted bioresorptive PLLA. As the studied synthetic materials behave as the natural bone, i.e., they are phagocytosed and resorpable, they can be considered as biocompatible.
A Review on Amelioration of Mushroom Tyrosinase for Phenol Degradation to Combat Environment Pollution

Mushroom tyrosinase would appear to be natural contenders for the formation of commercial processes, based on the statistic that many of the laboratory lessons have involved enzymes from this group of organisms. The current review momentarily synopses the existing state of the art in relation to production and purification of mushroom tyrosinase. Tyrosinase has the benefit that it can react with molecular oxygen without the need for externally-supplied co-substrates, which leads to subordinate costs. Further, when tyrosinase oxidizes phenols and other aromatic compounds in wastewaters, typically the oxidized product will polymerize to insoluble compounds that can be detached by filtration or precipitation. Due to these features, tyrosinase has been considered for phenol removal from wastewaters. Presence of mushroom tyrosinase, innumerable methods for its purification and Enzymatic method for amputation of phenols from industrial waste water is reviewed. KEYWORDS
A study of interface charges and mechanisms of subthreshold conduction in 4H silicon carbide (SiC) recessed-gate static induction transistors (RGSITs)

The Silicon Carbide (SiC) Static Induction Transistor (SIT) is based on the original SIT concept first proposed by 1. Nishizawa in 1950. The SIT structure provides high breakdown voltage, high current density and high frequency operation while remaining thermally stable. SiC has a high breakdown field (lOX), increased thermal conductivity (4X), increased saturation drift velocity (2X), and wide bandgap compared with comparable Silicon structures. These characteristics have made SiC SIT devices ideal for high power and high frequency applications. Although the SIT offers the above-mentioned advantages, a reliability issue arises if charges are present in the overlying oxide in the 'shoulder' region between the source 'post' and the metallic gate electrode. The presence of charges in this region, if not controlled, will modulate the barrier height of the saddle point in the channel region which controls the current for a specific drain voltage, thereby reducing the holding voltage for a fixed OFF current specification. In this thesis, the influence of the oxide charge in the 'shoulder' oxide region on the operation of a 4H-SiC recessed-gate SIT (RGSIT) has been studied using Silvaco's Atlas software program. The effect of interface charge on the 'shoulder' region is seen to change the effective gate bias of the device. Therefore, RGSIT with positive/negative interface charge is expected to have its I-V characteristics shift to the left/right due to barrier height lowering/increase. Additionally, the subthreshold operation of the SIT has been analyzed assuming thennionic emission of carriers flowing over a potential barrier located in the 'intrinsic' regIOn. The barrier heights, effective channel widths, and drain currents are calculated usmg a superposition analysis of the Poisson and Laplace components of the electrostatic potential in the 'intrinsic' region of the SIT. For a given gate-to-source bias, the analysis shows a barrier height decrease for an increasing drain-to-source bias. Additionally, the effective channel width increase due to a drain-to-source bias increase is shown to be minimal. Current due to thermionic emission is empirically fitted to experimental data of fabricated SiC RGSIT devices using the theoretical results of the barrier height and effective channel width.
A Dependency Annotation Scheme for Indonesian

This paper proposes a dependency annotation scheme for Indonesian. Our scheme basically follows the Stanford typed dependency annotation, however, we propose some adaptations for morphologicallyrich phenomena in Indonesian, such as axations, ellipses, and non-verb clauses. This paper presents those phenomena and describes how the scheme accommodates the phenomena in deciding dependency relations between two words. Evaluation of this scheme by training it on the MST parser is also reported.
Molecular implications from SSR markers for stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis F.sp. Tritici) resistance gene in bread wheat line N95175

Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat in China as well as in Pakistan. In the present studies F2 population was established by crossing N95175 resistant to stripe rust race CYR32 with two susceptible lines Huixianhong and Abbondanza to molecularly tag resistance gene existing in wheat line N95175. The segregation of phenotype was accorded with an expected 3:1 ratio in both combinations studied and fit the model of a single dominant gene controlling stripe rust resistance in N95175. Thirty five SSR primer pairs were screened on the parents and bulks and also on individuals since resistance gene to be located in chromosome 1B. The result indicated that most of resistant plants amplified same band as resistant parent while susceptible plants amplified same as susceptible parents studied and considered that markers co-segregated with resistant loci in N95175. This yellow rust resistance gene was considered to be Yr26 originally thought to be also located in chromosome arm 1BS linked to marker loci Xgwm273 and Xgwm11 with genetic distances ranging from 1.075cM to 2.74cM in both combinations studied. However, the closest loci were observed 2.67cM for Xgwm273 and 1.075cM for Xgwm11 in Huixianhong XN95175 and Abbondanza XN95175 crosses respectively. Hence, it has been concluded that the PCR-based micro satellite markers Xgwm273 and Xgwm11 located in chromosome 1B were shown to be very effective for the detection of Yr26 gene in segregating population and can be applied in future wheat breeding strategies.