Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of Carbon Dioxide by the Enhancement of Luminol-Potassium Permanganate Chemiluminescence and Its Application for the Biodegradation Analysis of Cellulose Acetate-g-poly (p-dioxanone) Copolymer

A novel static chemiluminescence method has been developed and applied to the determination of carbon dioxide released during the biodegradation of polymers under controlled composting. The proposed method is based on the enhancement effect of carbon dioxide on luminol-potassium permanganate chemiluminescence signal. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the analytical system performed satisfactorily in a wide linear detection concentration ranging from 1.00 × 10−5 to 1.20 × 10−3 mol · L−1 of carbonate with a detection limit of 3.58 × 10−6 mol · L−1 carbonate or 1.57 × 10−7 g · mL−1 carbon dioxide (3σ). This analytical method has been successfully applied to determine the aerobic biodegradability of cellulose acetate-graft-poly (p-dioxanone) copolymer (CA-g-PPDO) granule and film samples under controlled composting environment with a manual set-up built in our laboratory. The carbon dioxide evolved from the biodegradation of samples was measured by this proposed chemiluminescence (CL) system. The testing results showed that the degradation rate and final biodegradation percentage of CA-g-PPDO after 60 days of incubation period were closely related to the content of poly (p-dioxanone), and the maximum biodegradation percentage of these polymers has reached 76.77%.
The Purple Mixed-Valence CuA Center in Nitrous-oxide Reductase: EPR of the Copper-63-, Copper-65-, and Both Copper-65- and [15N]Histidine-Enriched Enzyme and a Molecular Orbital Interpretation

EPR spectra for the purple mixed-valence [Cu1.5+. Cu1.5+], S = 1/2, site (CuA) in nitrous-oxide reductase (N2OR) were obtained after insertion of either 63Cu or 65Cu or both 65Cu and [15N]histidine. The spectrum of 65Cu- and [15N]histidine-enriched N2OR improved the resolution of the Cu hyperfine lines, but no lines from nitrogen and proton couplings were resolved. The Cu hyperfine parameters obtained by a theory analogous to that of Maki and McGarvey were indicative of a highly covalent Cu site. The total Cu character (CuA1 + CuA2) in the ground state wave function required to describe the spin density distribution was 31−37% compared to 41% for type-1 Cu in plastocyanin. This value does not completely account for the reduction of gmax from 2.23 of type-1 Cu in plastocyanin to 2.18 of CuA. Remaining discrepancies were discussed in terms of different alignments of the principal axes for the hypothetical monomeric CuA1 and CuA2 in [Cu1.5+. Cu1.5+]. This effect appeared in the simulations of the EPR spect.
Joint MU-MIMO Precoding and Resource Allocation for Mobile-Edge Computing

Mobile edge computing is considered as a promising method to release the computation burden of mobile devices (MDs) by transferring the computation tasks to the nearby edge server. In this paper, we address the computation offloading problem by jointly optimizing offloading-decision making, multi-user multiple input and multiple output (MU-MIMO) precoding and computation resource allocation. The optimization problem is formulated as the minimization of the weighted sum of energy consumption and time delay of MDs, which is a mixed-integer non-linear programming problem. Due to the complexity of offloading time delay, we consider two special cases namely, the lower bound and upper bound of offloading time delay for the original problem, and exploit semidefinite relaxation and rounding methods to obtain the offloading decisions. Specially, we adopt the quadratic transform based fractional programming and the weighted minimum mean square error methods to solve the MU-MIMO precoding design problem for the two cases of offloading time delay, respectively. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, and show that the application of multi-antenna MU-MIMO communication into MEC can sufficently reduce the energy consumption and time delay during computation offloading.
A perturbation theory study of adlayer CO on NaCl(100)

We have constructed a potential energy function to describe the interaction of CO molecules with each other and with the (100) surface of NaCl. It uses distributed multipoles to describe the electrostatic interactions, distributed polarizabilities to describe induction, anisotropic dispersion coefficients taken from work by Rijks and Wormer, and anisotropic atom–atom repulsion terms derived from ab initio intermolecular perturbation theory. We have also investigated the structure and charge distribution of the NaCl surface. We find that an isolated CO molecule on the NaCl(100) surface adopts a position with the CO axis perpendicular to the surface and the C atom over a surface Na+ ion, but in monolayers of CO the molecules are tilted by about 28°. There are two 1×1 and two 2×1 structures, all with very similar energies; a further 1×1 structure with the molecules perpendicular to the surface is an index‐2 stationary point with energy only 32 cm−1 above the lowest‐energy structure. The results are consisten.
Study of cure kinetics of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A with Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes of benzil bisthiosemicarbazone

The curing reaction kinetics of the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)-based epoxy and inorganic complexes curing agents based on Ni(II) and Cu(II) chelates with benzil bisthiosemicarbazone LH6 as a ligand was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The curing reaction with the ligand and the complexes was characterized by high cure onset and peak maximum temperatures. The kinetics of the curing reaction was evaluated using three kinetic models; Kissinger, Ozawa-Flynn-Wall, and Malek. For the NiLH4 and CuLH4 the average values of Ea were calculated to be 82.3 and 116 kJ/mol, respectively. For both complexes, their activation energies at 40 and 30 phr are equal. The values of activation energy (Ea), and initial and maximum temperatures of the exothermic curing peak (Ti and Tp) of the ligand are smaller than those of the complexes, and the values of these parameters of the DGEBA/NiLH4 system are lower than those of DGEBA/CuLH4 system. These results indicate the order of reactivity of LH6 ≫ NiLH4 ≫ CuLH4 toward epoxy resin. The effect of hardener concentration, heating rate, and type of metal ion on the cure kinetic parameters and the shape of DSC thermograms were investigated. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Rate Constant Determination for the Reaction of Hydroxyl and Glutathione Thiyl Radicals with Glutathione in Aqueous Solution

The techniques of pulse radiolysis, laser photolysis, and absorption spectroscopy have been used to investigate the glutathione disulfide radical anion formation over the pH range 7.0−13.0 in aqueous solution. Photolysis of the disulfide anion formed from the one-electron oxidation of reduced glutathione perturbs the disulfide anion/thiyl radical equilibrium, allowing the rate constant for thiyl radical reaction with glutathione to be uniquely determined from the transient absorption bleach and subsequent pseudo-first-order recovery. These pH-dependent values were combined with measured disulfide equilibrium constants to calculate glutathione radical anion dissociation rate constants. From computer modeling of established mechanisms of the observed disulfide radical anion growths, pH-dependent rate constants for the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with glutathione to produce the thiyl radical were obtained. Utilizing literature ionization constants, values for hydroxyl and thiyl radical reactions with indiv.
Current Oscillation Phenomenon of MMC Based on IGCT and Fast Recovery Diode With High Surge Current Capability for HVDC Application

Integrated gate commutated thyristor (IGCT) has low loss, low cost, and high reliability in the application of modular multilevel converter (MMC). However, due to the special turn-off process of IGCT, the commutation transient is very different for IGCT in MMC. This letter reveals a current oscillation phenomenon of MMC based on IGCT and fast recovery diode (FRD). Especially, this oscillation effect becomes apparent when the FRD with high surge current capability is employed in MMC because of high junction capacitance and high stray inductance, which will threaten the safe operation of the system. This letter analyzes the current oscillation mechanism and gives the current oscillation modeling. In addition, through detailed tests under various stray inductances, the specific stray inductance range that can cause large current oscillation is obtained and an optimized inductance parameter of IGCT-MMC is proposed. The experiments show that the safe operation area of IGCT in MMC can be guaranteed maximally with the optimized parameter.
Conjugate Impedance Matching Method for Wideband and Wide-Angle Impedance Matching Layer With 70° Scanning in the H-Plane

This letter proposes a wideband and wide-angle conjugate impedance matching (WWCIM) method and a WWCIM layer, which are applied to the tightly coupled dipole array (TCDA). The impedance matching problem over an ultrawideband can be well solved by using this method when the scanning angle reaches 70° in the H-plane. At the port position, the impedances of the ultrawideband-phased array change sharply at different frequencies when scanning to large angles in the H-plane. However, we find that the impedances at the upper surface of the array have certain regularity when scanning in the H-plane. The impedances gradually decrease as the scanning angle increases in the H-plane and the reactance parts of the impedances are inductive. Therefore, a new WWCIM layer is proposed. The impedances of the WWCIM layer, seen from down to up, also gradually decrease as the scanning angle increases in the H-plane. But their reactance parts are capacitive. Therefore, in the H-plane, the impedances at the upper surface of the TCDA and the impedances at the lower surface of the WWCIM layer can be well conjugated when scanning to large angles. In the E-plane, because the changes of the port impedances and the WWCIM layer are small within the 70° scanning range, the port impedances can be easily matched. Thus, the impedance matching problem is well solved when scanning at large scanning angles in the H-plane. Finally, a single-polarization array with a bandwidth of 1.02–5.15 GHz (VSWRs < 2.7) is presented, which can scan up to ±70° in all azimuth planes. The profile of the proposed array is 0. 2λ at the lowest working frequency.
Levels and Distribution of Trace Metals in Sediments of Laguna Lake (Philippines) and its Tributary Rivers

Abstract Trace metal levels in bottom sediments of Laguna Lake (Luzon, Philippines) and of five of its tributary rivers, and in lakeshore samples were compared. Total metal analyses by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry indicate relatively low (Cu, Zn, and Pb) to moderate (Fe, Mn, Hg, and Cd) metal contamination in the sediments.
A digital computer technique for orientation analysis of micrographs of soil fabric

Several methods exist for quantifying soil fabric information from electron micrographs, but hitherto little interest has been shown in digital computer techniques. This paper describes such a method for the quantitative analysis of the orientation of clay particles in electron micrographs. The intensity distributions across several micrographs have been digitized at up to two million picture points and the data stored on magnetic tape. By examining the gradient of the intensity variations in two orthogonal directions, the resulting intensity gradient vector at each point can be determined. The information from all points in a micrograph can then be plotted as a rosette diagram, or used in a regression analysis to determine the equation of the ellipse which most closely approximates the actual rosette distribution. Finally an index of anisotropy can be estimated from the major and minor axes of the ellipse.
A STM perspective on covalent intermolecular coupling reactions on surfaces

‘Covalent self-assembly’, i.e. the on-surface synthesis of covalent organic aggregates and networks, has received considerable attention. This review covers recent scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) based studies on intermolecular reactions carried out on solid substrates that resulted in surface-confined covalently interlinked organic nanostructures. Experiments showed that their defect density crucially depends on the targeted dimensionality: while zero-dimensional aggregates and one-dimensional chains and ribbons can be synthesized on surfaces with utmost structural perfection, i.e. without any topological defects, realization of long-range ordered two-dimensional (2D) covalently interlinked organic networks has revealed itself as a paramount challenge for on-surface chemists. Different types of reactions, foremost condensation and addition reactions have been proven suitable as polymerization reactions for 2D cross-linked covalent networks. Yet, the emergence of topological defects during the polymerization is difficult to avoid. However, the combined experience and creativity of chemists and surface scientists has yielded encouraging first results which may open up ways for realization of extended, long-range ordered 2D polymers. This review summarizes and compares different approaches, i.e. reaction types, monomers, environments and conditions, for the on-surface synthesis of covalent organic nanostructures. The focus on STM as an analytical tool appears justified, since its unique capabilities render the STM an ideal instrument to study and even control covalent coupling reactions of organic molecules on surfaces.
Microwave Assisted One-pot Synthesis of Novel α-Aminophosphonates and Their Biological Activity

A variety of synthetic ap-proaches have been reported for them. Of all the methods, the nucleophilic addition of phosphites to imines, catalyzed by Lew-is acid or a base is the most convenient one.Nowadays, microwave irradiation is used to accomplish cer-tain unsuccessful or low-yielding reactions, reducing the re-action time from days to minutes, and improving yields.
Analysis of technological aspects in the development of smart cities in Indonesia

Smart City concept has been proposed as one of the solutions to urban problems. This study aims to analyze the potential for smart city development in Indonesia from the aspects of information and communication technology. The secondary data of ICT elements in Indonesia is used to assess the condition of ICT in Indonesia and the country’s readiness to implement the smart city concept. The data collection was carried out using a literature study. The ICT elements used in the analysis are from the smart city’s five pillars of leverage domain, proposed by Bounachi and Korabat (2018), namely connectivity, data center, data analytics, applications, and end-users. The results of this analysis indicate that the Indonesian people from year to year experience an increase in the number of users of computers and cellphones which are ICT devices. However, in other parts of the pillar, Indonesia still needs a lot of improvement, especially in data center construction. This needs to be improved in order to maximize the storage and use of data obtained from end-users such as citizens, residents, visitors, government, public agencies, and private businesses.
Electronic rule for formation of glassy alloys

The glass transition temperature Tg of 100 kinds of glassy alloys can be expressed as a function of their valence electron concentration (VEC): Tg=131VEC+57 for metal/metal bonding type and Tg=−236VEC+2375 for metal/metalloid bonding one. The electron valences of the constituent elements of the glassy alloys are somewhat larger than those predicted by crystalline metallic valence bond theory, suggesting a valence electron contribution associated with spd or spf hybridization for glass formation. Ab initio molecular orbital calculations of the optimized structures for Mg monoanion clusters warranted application of the valence electron rule.
Multiload Point Optimization of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines for High-Performance Variable-Speed Drives

Multiobjective and multiload point design optimization of an interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous machine using a global response surface method to achieve low torque ripple with high average torque over the entire speed range is presented in this article. The approach consisting of a set of design steps and multiobjective optimization to obtain high-performance electric machines with optimum usage of rare-earth materials for mass production is presented. The design optimization has been applied to a 12-slot eight-pole IPM machine with two different rotor structures to arrive at the optimized design for a variable-speed high-performance application. Motor parameters are extracted under different load conditions to predict the torque/speed performance of the motors. The proposed design approach provides a machine design with maximized output torque, improved torque density, lower torque ripple, and optimum usage of rare-earth materials. Finally, the finite-element-based modeling results are validated with the experimental results.
Green Bond market vs. Carbon market in Europe : Two different trajectories but some complementarities

Europe has been the first continent to create a large-scale carbon market to reduce the level of carbon emissions and to create a green bond market to finance the transition to low-carbon economies concomitantly. In this chapter, we study the respective roles of these instruments, their price trajectories, their interaction and their potential complementarities over a six-year period (2014-2019). We enrich the literature on environmental markets in several respects. First, significant short-run and long-run persistence of shocks to the conditional correlation between the European carbon and the European Green bond markets are reported. Second, we detect bi-directional shock transmission effects between those markets but no significant spillover effects. Taken together, these results suggest that a green bond issued in Europe may be used to hedge against the carbon price risk.
When and Why Static Images Are More Effective Than Videos

People often prefer videos over images in research and applications, believing that videos are more effective for eliciting human emotions and building machine intelligence. However, our research shows that this assumption is not always correct when it comes to evoking emotions in human observers. In this article, we compare thirteen emotions and two perceptions elicited by short videos (2-6 second, silent video clips) versus static frames extracted from the videos. We show that static frames and videos elicit most emotions similarly, but static frames elicit negative emotions more strongly than videos. We test two complementary explanations: differential activation of suspense and the peak-end rule. These findings help us to computationally model human reactions more faithfully with fewer video frames. Our interdisciplinary results have important implications for methods, theory, and applications in diverse fields, including social psychology, computer vision, mass media, and marketing.
Development of a ToF version of the desktop MiniSIMS: instrument design and applications

The Millbrook MiniSIMS remains a unique concept in SIMS instrumentation, incorporating static, imaging and dynamic SIMS in a single compact desktop unit. The instrument is successfully being used in a wide range of applications, in which its low cost and high sample throughput are more important than the higher specification or flexibility in configuration of conventional instrumentation. The original MiniSIMS was designed around a quadrupole mass analyser, selected as the only type able at the time to meet the size and cost criteria appropriate to a desktop instrument. However, the sequential mass scanning needed to acquire a full spectrum is inefficient and the accepted static SIMS limit may often be exceeded during analysis of small areas. Therefore a time‐of‐flight (ToF) version has been developed in order to increase performance in areas where a low primary ion dose is critical to the analysis. Such analyses include organic species characterisation and the identification of small area surface contaminants. The instrument design is unconventional, utilising a continuous primary beam and a pulsed secondary ion beam. This allows a high duty cycle in comparison with conventional ToF‐SIMS instruments (typically > 10% compared to < 0.1%), and also depth profiling with simultaneous continuous etching and ToF mass analysis. The use of such a spectrometer is thus ideally matched to the concept of a high‐throughput instrument with static, imaging and dynamic SIMS capabilities. The instrumental design is described and data presented to compare the practical performance of the quadrupole and ToF versions of the instrument. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Robust CIM Based Control Approach for PVECS Interfaced to Local Distribution Network

This article presents a distribution feeder supported single-stage photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion system (PVECS), in which, a voltage source converter is used. It serves for harnessing maximum power from a PV source as well as to inject that harnessed power from PVECS into the distribution feeder with enhanced power quality. The harmonics reduction, distribution feeder currents balancing, power factor correction, compensation of load currents are additional attributes provided by this PVECS as compared to a traditional PV inverter. Moreover, this system also works well in weak distribution network during sag or swell in the grid voltages. The robust correntropy induced metric based normalized least mean fourth algorithm is used here to extract the real power portion of load currents. Besides, this PV contribution is added to distribution feeder currents to improve the dynamic response during varying environmental conditions. Additionally, when solar power is not available, this system serves for power quality enhancement at the distribution network, which makes the system cost effective, because its power converter is utilized up to its extreme level. This control approach is tested at different ambience conditions through a developed prototype in the laboratory either in available solar generation or in absence of it.
Analytical Electron Microscopic Study of the Noncrystalline Products Formed at Early Weathering Stages of Volcanic Glass

Formation processes of weathering products of pumice collected from a rhyolitic pyroclastic flow deposit were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). SEM clearly showed the presence of some weathering products adhering to the surface of pumice. XRD showed that the products were composed mainly of noncrystalline materials with a relatively small amount of halloysite (10 Å). TEM and EDX revealed texture transformation sequences from the earliest weathering product to a final product of halloysite as follows: 1) precipitation of very thin flaky or film-like noncrystalline Al-hydroxide; 2) transformation into irregularly aggregated Al-Fe-Si-rich fibrous material; 3) morphological changes to rounded aggregates; 4) development of halloysite-like curled domains with successive decrease in Fe content; and 5) further development of curled domains in rounded aggregates. These materials must be metastable phases at early reaction stages with kinetics limiting formation of the stable equilibrium phase of kaolinite.