Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The nonlinear least square fitting for rotation curve of orion dwarf spiral

The basis of the nonlinear least square fitting is to fit the nonlinear rotation curve model with the observed rotation curve of the Orion dwarf galaxy. It has been the most powerful tool to study the distribution of dark matter in galaxies where it is used to obtain the proper mass model of a galaxy. In this paper, we present the rotation curve fit of Orion dwarf galaxy, corrected for asymmetric drift by using the gradient method of nonlinear least square. Our results showed an excellent agreement between the mass models of cored halo profile with the observed rotation curve. Thus, we can estimate the value of disk mass, MD; the core radius, r0 and core density, ro of the galaxy with 1-s of uncertainty. We finally indicated the dark matter halo distribution as cored dark matter halo with density, 3.9 × 106MŸ kpc-3.
Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem: Solution by Ant Colony Optimization with Hybrid Immigrant Schemes

During past decades, several Meta-Heuristics were considered by researchers to solve Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem.In this paper, Ant Colony Optimization integrated with Hybrid Immigrant Schemes methods are proposed for solving Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem. Ant Colony Optimization with hybrid immigrant schemes methods namely HIACO-I, HIACOII and HIACO-III focused on establishing the proper balance between intensification and diversification. The performance evaluation of the algorithms in which Random Immigrants and Elitism based Immigrants were hybridized in different proportions and added to Ant Colony Optimization algorithm showed that they had produced better results in many dynamic test cases generated from three Vehicle Routing Problem instances.
A Single Period Model where the Lost Sales Recapture is a Function of (r/p)

We consider a lost sale recapture model in a newsvendor framework. In this paper we analyse how to recapture lost customers in which easier to win back old customers than it is to acquire new customers. We consider a single-period decision of a retailer facing uncertain and price dependent demand. The typical modeling of the problem in a newsvendor framework assumes the unfulfilled demand to be lost once and for all. However, in reality, there may be an opportunity to backlog the lost sales, by offering some incentive for waiting. Nevertheless, the retailer's procurement price may be higher, due to the likely cost increase of the emergency purchase. Further, not all the customers that could not buy in the first instance may avail the rebate offer and buy. The backlog fill rate is modeled as a function of the proportion of the rebate to the price. Then the retailer has to decide ahead of the realization of the demand the quantity to be ordered, the price and the rebate to be offered for backlogged sales that will maximize its expected profit. Numerical examples are presented to highlight model sensitivities to parametric changes. The back log fill rate is modelled as a log function of adding one to the proportion of rebate relative to the price. Sensitivities of optimal rebate to demand errors are carried out with uniform distribution.
MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL PURIFICATION FROM THE ARTICULAR CARTILAGE CELL CULTURE

Objective Articular cartilage as an avascular skeletal tissue possesses limited capacity to heal. On the other hand, it is believed that the regeneration capacity of each tissue is largely related to its stem cell contents. Little is known about the presence of mesenchymal stem cells in articular cartilage tissue. This subject is investigated in the present study. Materials and Methods Articular cartilage was obtained from rats of Wistar strain and subjected to enzymatic digestion using 1:1 ratio of 0.2% collagenase I and 0.1% pronase. The released cells were then collected and cultivated in 25 cm 2 culture flask, which was resulted in the appearance of two morphologically distinct cell populations. Fibroblastic population were purified and expanded through several subcultures, using their loose adherence on culture surfaces and examined in terms of differentiation potential. Results The primary culture mainly contained polygonal cells with few fibroblastic cells among them. Upon the first subculture, the fibroblastic cells appeared as aggregates of few cells among the polygonal cartilage cells. It was found that the fibroblastic cell population could easily detach from the culture surface following to a brief exposure to tripsin solution. Using this property, these cells purified and expanded by several subcultures. According to the results, the isolated cells were able to easily differentiate into chondrocytic, osteocytic and adipocytic cell lineages. Conclusion It seems that articular cartilage contains a distinct fibroblastic cell population with mesenchymal stem cell nature. These cells can be purified and expanded by cell culture methods, thanks to their loose adherence on the culture dish surfaces.
Creating a Link between HR Department and Budgeting: What Do HR Managers Think?

This research endeavours to investigate the involvement of the Human Resources (HR) department throughout the budgeting process and the utilization of budgets to further perform HR activities. Study seeks empirical evidence based on the responses elicited from HR department managers in 100 Pakistani companies with a distinct HR department. Results suggest that the HR department has limited involvement in the budgeting procedures, which in turn could explain the limited use of budgets as a means of performance evaluation and communication. Evidence from survey showed that HR departments in Pakistan do fully capitalize on the budgets as a mean of achieving organizational goals. This study contributes to the literature by analysing the responses of HR department managers and their views towards the budgeting function from HR management perspective in Pakistani companies.
Solvent-Free Synthesis and Spectral Linearity of Some (E)-2-(substituted benzylideneamino)-N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carboxamides

Some (E)-2-(substituted benzylideneamino)-N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide derivatives have been synthesized by SiO2:H3PO4 catalyzed solvent-free condensation of 2-amino-N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta [b]thiophene-3-carboxamide and various substituted benzaldehydes in microwave irradiation. The yield of the imine-carboximido derivatives has been found to be more than 85 %. The purity of all imine-carboximido derivatives has been checked using their physical constants and spectral data. The spectral data of the imine-carboximido derivatives such as infrared ν (cm-1) of CO, NH, C-N, C-Cl, C-F, C=N, and the NMR chemical shifts (δ, ppm) of NH, CH, CO and C=N have been correlated with Hammett substituent constants, F and R parameters. From the results of statistical analysis, the effects of substituent on the above spectral group absorptions have been discussed.
A Result on Segmenting Jungck-Mann Iterates

In this paper, following the concepts in [5, 7], we shall establish a convergence result in a uniformly convex Banach space using the Jungck– Mann iteration process introduced by Singh et al [13] and a certain general contractive condition. The authors of [13] established various stability results for a pair of nonself-mappings for both Jungck and Jungck–Mann iteration processes. Our result is a generalization and extension of that of [7] and its corollaries. It is also an improvement on the result of [7].
Respiratory Muscle Recruitment and their Correlates with Pulmonary Volumes and Flute Musical Tasks

In order to produce sound on a wind instrument, the respiratory system and muscles contract or relax to create the required pressure, flow and velocity for each instrument (Bouhuys, 1977, Brown, 1990). In the case of low pressure instruments, researchers agree that some inspiratory muscles are recruited as antagonists during the expiratory phase (Bouhuys, 1977, Roos, 1936). Only few studies actually measured the respiratory muscle recruitment during wind instrument playing (Berger, 1968, Cossette et al. 2000, 2008). The authors' study (2008) reported that flute 'breath support', which is associated with high quality playing, entails antagonistic contraction of non-diaphragmatic inspiratory muscles. The rib cage is held at higher lung volume during long legato phrase playing. Relieved from the task of producing the right mouth pressure, especially at lower lung volume, the expiratory muscles contribute more to the finer control of mouth pressure modulations. Furthermore, during 'support', the lung volume at which playing a phrase ends is usually above Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) and rarely far below it. The strong expiratory muscle pressures required to play the flute at low lung volumes are generally avoided, while advantage is taken of the high relaxation pressures at high lung volumes. For this study, we compared the respiratory patterns and muscle recruitment above and under FRC while four standing young professional flautists' were performing melodies and long tones with and without 'breath support' at different intensities. These musical tasks required the performers to use most of their vital capacity during loud playing. Recordings included optoelectronic plethysmographic measurements of the chest wall volume and its compartments, surface electromyography of the respiratory muscles (scalene, lateral abdominal, rectus abdominus, and sternocleidomastoid), mouth pressure, and sound. Preliminary analysis suggests that volume (rather than time only), condition (with/without support), as well as intensity (forte/piano) are all determinants of muscle activation.
Genetic architecture of the persistency of linkage disequilibrium across seven Spanish beef cattle populations

Universidad de Zaragoza, Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética Animal, 50013. Zaragoza, Spain. Grup de Recerca en Remugants, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1417, CABA, Argentina. Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2). 50013. Zaragoza, Spain. Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, 28040. Madrid, Spain. 6 Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004.Palencia, Spain. MERAGEM, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain. lvarona@unizar.es (Corresponding Author)
Exploring genetic diversity and structure of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. to improve its conservation in Niger

The genetic diversity of African forest resources is poorly documented while it can be the basis for adapting these resources to climatic variations. This study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity of the Acacia senegal (L.) Willd in its natural range in Niger. 252 individuals from 10 populations of the species, across three gum basins were analyzed with 9 nuclear microsatellite markers. Genetic diversity indexes are high in all the populations studied: number of allele (Na) varies from 4.00 to 5.44; allele richness (R) varies from 3.42 to 4.49; observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) range from 0.44 to 0.56 and from 0.46 to 0.63, respectively. The values of differentiation index (Fst) per pair of population range from 0.0057 to 0.110 and 20% of these values are not significant indicating a low differentiation between populations. In addition, Molecular Variance Analysis shows that 93% of total variation is within populations. Through Bayesian model, a structure of population into three groups is observed. These results could form the basis for building sustainable management and conservation strategies of genetic resources of A. senegal in Niger. Key words: Genetic diversity, microsatellites, Acacia senegal, climate change, Niger.
Turismo de interior: renovarse o morir. Estrategias y productos en Catalunya, Galicia y Murcia

Actualment es reconeix el paper fonamental del turisme d'interior per tal de dinamitzar els territoris i reforcar o generar identitat. El llibre que el lector te en les seues mans mostra a traves de tres casos d'estudi, situats a Catalunya, Galicia i Murcia, com els espais interiors es reinventen a nivell turistic i utilitzen els seus recursos patrimonials, paisatgistics, culturals, gastronomics i identitaris per tal de situar-se en l'imaginari dels viatgers i turistes. Aquest volum, resultat d'un projecte de recerca del grup TUDISTAR, permet visualitzar els processos que es donen en els espais rurals interiors i contribueix, mitjancant les metodologies utilitzades, al desenvolupament d'aquest camp de recerca, al mateix temps que aporta estrategies per a la creacio de productes turistics.
Optimizing conservation strategies for a threatened tree species: In situ conservation of white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) genetic diversity through insecticide treatment

Forest resources face numerous threats that require costly management. Hence, there is an increasing need for data-informed strategies to guide conservation practices. The introduction of the emerald ash borer to North America has caused rapid declines in ash populations (Fraxinus spp. L.). Natural resource managers are faced with a choice of either allowing ash trees to die, risking forest degradation and reduced functional resilience, or investing in conserving trees to preserve ecosystem structure and standing genetic diversity. The information needed to guide these decisions is not always readily available. Therefore, to address this concern, we used eight microsatellites to genotype 352 white ash trees (Fraxinus americana L.) across 17 populations in the Allegheny National Forest; a subset of individuals sampled are part of an insecticide treatment regimen. Genetic diversity (number of alleles and He) was equivalent in treated and untreated trees, with little evidence of differentiation or inbreeding, suggesting current insecticidal treatment is conserving local, neutral genetic diversity. Using simulations, we demonstrated that best practice is treating more populations rather than more trees in fewer populations. Furthermore, through genetic screening, conservation practitioners can select highly diverse and unique populations to maximize diversity and reduce expenditures (by up to 21%). These findings will help practitioners develop cost-effective strategies to conserve genetic diversity.
The relationship between terms of trade and trade balance in ASEAN-5

This study examines the relationship between career strategies and career success. The three dimensions that measured career strategies were enhancing promotability, strengthening external contacts, and improving image with superiors. Meanwhile, the dimension that measured career success was subjective career success. Data were gathered through the distribution of questionnaires to employees at a manufacturing organization (n=185). Correlation and regression analysis were used to examine the relationship between career strategies and career success. The results indicated that there were no relationships between overall career strategies and career success. However, in terms of career strategies dimensions, only two were positively correlated with career success, namely, strengthening external contacts and improving image with superiors. The multi-regression results suggest that improving image with superiors was the most important factor in influencing individual’s career success. The findings were discussed and recommendations for future research were also put forward.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Its Effects On Oil, Gas And Refinery Production and Their Exports: An Applied Study

The paper test the relationship between FDI and Oil, Gas and Refinery (OGR) industries production and their exports in seventeen countries selected from all the seven region in the world which are attracting FDI and leaders in the production and exports of OGR products through period from 1995 to 2011. By using simple leaner regression model the parameters such as R Square, F Value, T Test, and Standard Division (SD) are used to identify the significant relationship in two directions between FDI and production and exports of OGR industries. The study results are supporting with the assumption that there is a positive and significant relationship between FDI and Exports of Oil and Gas Industries (XCO, XNG) in the selected countries and this result is also shown agreed with many other studies about FDI and exports from developed and developing countries. However the relation between FDI and Production of Crude Oil (PCO) is insignificant in 14 countries among the selected countries in the world regions and significant only in two countries such as U.A. E, and China, the direction of relation is not determine, so we can conclude that PCO does not affect by FDI. Otherwise there are positive relationships between FDI and production of natural gas (PNG) because we have three negative observations from fourteen observations but it is insignificant; we have only two high F values of fourteen countries, these countries are Nigeria, and China. So we can conclude that there is a positive relationship between FDI and PNG but this relation is insignificant. In case of the relation between FDI and Refinery Capacity (RC) there is a positive relationship between FDI and RC of all the selected countries, and this relation is strong in case of China, but it is weak in eleven countries and insignificant, instead of refinery industry depend on FDI in many other countries. Finally, relationship between FDI and its' effects on PCO, PNG, RC, XCO, XNG are analysed. The results are confirmed the continued insignificance of FDI effects on OGR production and significance on OGR exports in all the countries especially in Russia, U.A. E and China. Few countries have negative direction of effects of FDI inflows on production and exports of OGR industries which are representing the highly developed countries such as U.K., France and Norway and developing countries such as Nigeria and Angola. Keywords: Economic Growth, Foreign Direct Investment, Oil and Gas Production and Refinery Capacity, Exports of Oil and Gas, Multinational Corporations, Globalization Process.
Towards the Evaluation of the Ecological Effectiveness of the Principles, Criteria and Indicators (PCI) of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC): Case study in the Arkhangelsk Region in the Russian Federation

The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is a voluntary sustainability standard with global reach that has been developed to encourage responsible and sustainable forest management. Despite its broad appeal, there is little scientific assessment to substantiate the effectiveness of FSC in the boreal zone. In this study, an ecosystem-based and participatory approach was applied to a case study in the Arkhangelsk Region of the Russia Federation to assess the potential influence of the principles, criteria and indicators of the Russian FSC standard. An ECOSEFFECT theoretical plausibility analysis was conducted to evaluate the potential effectiveness of FSC in safeguarding the ecological integrity of the ecosystem. Besides spatial analysis and a field visitation, core elements of the methodological procedure were workshops with experts and stakeholders who directly contributed to knowledge mapping and analysis. The results of the study suggest FSC can potentially influence and improve forest management including monitoring and evaluation, foster the institutional capacity, and enhance knowledge on the impacts of forest management. Theoretically, FSC has a certain potential to reduce a range of anthropogenic threats to the ecosystem, such as large-scale deforestation and forest degradation, logging of High Conservation Value Forests, large size of clear-cuts, excessive annual allowable cuts, damage to trees during forest operations, and hydrological changes. However, human-induced fire is the only ecological stress that was assumed to be effectively tackled through a strong and positive influence of FSC. The results of the theoretical analysis with a semi-quantitative evaluation revealed the potential for FSC to generate much more effective outcomes for biodiversity by prudently targeting key ecological problems. The biggest problem is the large-scale clear-cutting practice, especially within IFL. These devastating practices are not promoted by, but are compliant with the current Russian FSC standard. This feeds doubts about the consistency of FSC practice and its credibility.
Development of an Adaptive Approach for Identification of Targets (Match Box, Pocket Diary and Cigarette Box) Under the Cloth with MMW Imaging System

Non-metallic objects, such as match box and cigarette box, detection and identification are quite an essential task during personal screening from standoff distance to protect the public places like the airport. Although various imaging sensors such as microwave, THz, infrared and MMW with signal processing techniques have been demonstrated by the researchers for concealed weapon detection, it is still a challenging task to detect and identify different types of small size targets such as matchbox, pocket diary and cigarette box simultaneously. Therefore, in this paper, an attempt has been made to develop such an algorithm/methodology by which different types of small targets, such as a matchbox and cigarette box, which is fully or half-filled or empty and pocket diary at different orientations beneath various cloths can be detected and identified with an MMW radar system. For this purpose, an optimal method has been proposed to form an image, and after that, in post processing a novel adaptive approach for detection and identification of considered targets has been proposed. The data were collected by MMW system at V-band (59 GHz–61 GHz). The proposed algorithm/methodology gives a quite satisfactory result.
Symmetry and the critical slip distance in rate and state friction laws

We performed laboratory experiments to investigate the processes responsible for rate and state friction (RSF) behavior in fault rocks. We focused on the symmetry of the frictional constitutive response to velocity changes and the mechanics of the critical friction slip distance Dc. Experiments were conducted in double direct shear at 1 and 25 MPa normal stress, at room temperature, and for shearing velocity from 1 to 300 µm/s. We studied three granular materials and bare surfaces of Westerly granite. Ruina's law, which predicts frictional symmetry between velocity increases and decreases, better matches our data than Dieterich's law, which predicts that velocity decreases should evolve to steady state at a smaller displacement. However, for granular shear, in some cases Dc is smaller for velocity increases than for velocity decreases, contrary to expectations from either law. On bare granite surfaces, the frictional response is symmetric for velocity increases/decreases. Two distinct length scales for Dc and two‐state variables are required for granular shear in some cases. We hypothesize that asymmetry and two‐state behavior are caused by shear localization and changes in shear fabric in fault gouge. Our measurements show that during steady state frictional shear, dilation after a velocity increase is smaller than compaction after a decrease. Normal stress oscillations cause a marked decrease in Dc. Reduction of Dc reduces frictional stability, enhancing the possibility of seismic slip. Our experiments show that shear localization and fabric within the fault gouge can influence the RSF parameters that dictate earthquake nucleation and dynamic rupture.