Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Concepts, Issues, and Standards. Applications Using the Unified Medical Language System: Toward a Public Domain UMLS Patient Database

This paper describes a unified structure and with an associated vocabulary to represent and store patient cases derived from different computerized patient databases. The unified structure is based on the concept of event definitions which are generic templates for representing clinical data in a patient database. An implementation of this structure has been evaluated using patient cases from two expert systems (Iliad [1] and QMR [2]) and a hospital information system (HELP [3]). The primary focus of the UMLS patient database is to accumulate patient information from different sources and provide enhanced statistical estimates of clinically important variables. Inter-communication and navigation among medical information systems are other potential benefits of this unified computerized medical record system.
Evaluation of Monoclonal Antibody (IgG2bMAb) for Detection of Coproantigen from Experimentally Infected Rats with Strongyloides ratti

Background and Aim: Highly sensitive and specific diagnostic assay for the detection of Strongyloides is needed due to the intermittent and low concentration of eggs, larvae and adult worms that can be found in a faecal specimen. In some cases, repeated sampling of the faecal specimen is required to obtain satisfactory and reliable results. The aim of the study is to develop and evaluates monoclonal antibody-based Sandwich ELISA for the detection of coproantigen associated with Strongyloides infection using S. ratti as a model. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia, Between September 2018 and March 2019. Methodology: The monoclonal antibody was raised against a soluble antigen of the infective filariform larvae (iL3) of S. ratti. The monoclonal antibody produced (IgG2bMAb) was evaluated for cross-reactivity against homologous and heterologous helminth antigens such as excretory-secretory (ES), infective larvae (iL3) and coproantigen of S. ratti, adult worms of A. caninum, A. suum, T. canis and T. cati. Results: An IgG2bMAb was observed to react with 30 kDa proteins associated with all homologous antigen from iL3, ES and coproantigen of S. ratti and cross-reacted with one heterologous antigen from adult worm of A. caninum at the same molecular weight. There was no cross-reaction observed with other heterologous antigens from adult worms of T. canis, T. cati and A. suum. The sensitivity of IgG2bMAb for the detection of S. ratti was 85% in Sandwich ELISA. Cross- reaction was observed with hookworm antigen that caused by A. caninum in Western immunoblotting. Conclusion: The results indicated that IgG2b have an immunodiagnostic property as IgG2bMAb and was able to detect antigens from coproantigen related to S. ratti with 85% sensitivity based on Sandwich ELISA) even though cross-reaction was observed with A. caninum. These findings will be very useful to tackle many cases of multiple worms’ infections such as both strongyloidiasis and hookworm. Therefore, we recommend that further evaluation and study in the human area where multiple infections can be common should be carried out.
Many-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Bipolar Preferences Dominance

Many-Objective optimization is a difficulty for classical multi-objective evolutionary algorithm and has gained great attention during the past few years.In this paper,a dominance relation named bipolar preferences dominance is proposed for addressing many-objective problem.The proposed dominance relation considers the decision maker's positive preference and negative preference simultaneously and creates a strict dominance relation among the non-dominated solutions,which has ability to reduce the proportion of non-dominated solutions in population and lead the race to the Pareto optimal area,which is close to the positive preference and far away from negative preference.To demonstrate its effectiveness,the proposed approach was integrated into NSGA-II to be a new algorithm denoted by 2p-NSGA-II and tested on a benchmark of two to fifteen-objective test problems.Good results were obtained.The proposed dominance relation was also compared to g-dominance and r-dominance which was the most recently proposed dominance relation,the results of comparative experiment showed 2p-NSGA-II was superior to g-NSGA-II and r-NSGA-II on a whole,no matter the accuracy of obtained solutions or the efficiency of algorithm.
Neural processing unit

The subject matter disclosed herein provides manufacturing methods, apparatus, and objects for neural-based processing. In one aspect, a method is provided. The method reads from the first memory context information stored based on the at least one combined value, reads from the second memory an operational value that matches the at least one combined value, Sending, by the processor, context information and action values to at least one of the plurality of micro-engines to configure at least one micro-engine as a neuron; in at least one micro-engine, a value indicative of the output of the neuron Generating steps. Related apparatus, systems, methods and objects are also described.
A Multicast Routing Algorithm in IP/DWDM Optical Internet

An integrated QoS multicast routing algorithm in IP/DWDM optical Internet was discussed. Given multicast request and users' QoS requirements, an algorithm was proposed on GA basis to address the issue routing and wavelength assignment in an integrated manner,constructe a flexible QoS multicast tree and assign wavelengths to the tree,based on the wavelength graph method. Thus, both the cost of QoS multicast tree and users' satisfaction of QoS approach to optimum. The proposed algorithm also considered load balancing in IP/DWDM optical Internet. Simulation results showed that the proposed algorithm is feasible and effective.
Ants Promote Germination of the Tree Guarea guidonia by Cleaning its Seeds

Ants interact with seeds, and frequently remove their appendages. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of ants on the germination of Guarea guidonia (Meliaceae) seeds through removing the fleshy tissue of their integument (sarcotesta). The seeds were subjected to the following treatments: control (no sarcotesta removal), manual removal, and removal by ants. The results show that germination percentage and time varied among treatments, with removal by ants showing the highest percentage within the shortest possible time. The positive effect of sarcotesta removal by ants points to a possible action of anti-fungal substances. As germination is an essential step for recruitment, ant activity may be important to the regeneration of a deforested area. Further studies should consider germination experiments under natural conditions in order to increase the understanding on plant development.
Structure-function analysis of the Escherichia coli β–barrel assembly enhancing protease BepA suggests a role for a self-inhibitory state

The asymmetric Gram-negative outer membrane (OM) is the first line of defence for the bacteria against environmental insults and attack by antimicrobials. The key component of the OM barrier is the surface exposed lipopolysaccharide, which is transported to the surface by the essential lipopolysaccharide transport (Lpt) system. Correct folding of the Lpt system OM component, LptD, is essential and is regulated by a periplasmic metalloprotease, BepA. Here we present the crystal structure of BepA, solved to a resolution of 1.9 Å. Our structure comprises the zinc-bound m48 protease domain and a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain, consisting of four 2-helix TPR motifs and four non-TPR helices, leading to a nautilus-like shape in which the TPR repeats cup the protease domain. Using targeted mutagenesis approaches, we demonstrate that the protein is auto-regulated by the active-site plug. Further to this we reveal that mutation of a negative pocket, formed at the interface between the m48 and TPR domains, impairs BepA activity suggesting the pocket as a possible substrate binding site. We also identify a potential protein interaction site within the TPR cavity as being important for BepA function. Lastly, we provide evidence to show that increased antibiotic susceptibility in the absence of correctly functioning BepA occurs through disruption of OM lipid asymmetry, leading to reduced barrier function and increased cell permeability.
Chimera States and Seizures in a Mouse Neuronal Model

Chimera states — the coexistence of synchrony and asynchrony in a nonlocally-coupled network of identical oscillators — are often used as a model framework for epileptic seizures. Here, we explore the dynamics of chimera states in a network of modified Hindmarsh–Rose neurons, configured to reflect the graph of the mesoscale mouse connectome. Our model produces superficially epileptiform activity converging on persistent chimera states in a large region of a two-parameter space governing connections (a) between subcortices within a cortex and (b) between cortices. Our findings contribute to a growing body of literature suggesting mathematical models can qualitatively reproduce epileptic seizure dynamics.
Mechanisms Underlying Interactions Between Low-Frequency Oscillations and Beat-to-Beat Variability of Celullar Ventricular Repolarization in Response to Sympathetic Stimulation: Implications for Arrhythmogenesis

Background and Objectives: Enhanced beat-to-beat variability of ventricular repolarization (BVR) has been linked to arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Recent experimental studies on human left ventricular epicardial electrograms have shown that BVR closely interacts with low-frequency (LF) oscillations of activation recovery interval during sympathetic provocation. In this work human ventricular computational cell models are developed to reproduce the experimentally observed interactions between BVR and its LF oscillations, to assess underlying mechanisms and to establish a relationship with arrhythmic risk. Materials and Methods: A set of human ventricular action potential (AP) models covering a range of experimental electrophysiological characteristics was constructed. These models incorporated stochasticity in major ionic currents as well as descriptions of β-adrenergic stimulation and mechanical effects to investigate the AP response to enhanced sympathetic activity. Statistical methods based on Automatic Relevance Determination and Canonical Correlation Analysis were developed to unravel individual and common factors contributing to BVR and LF patterning of APD in response to sympathetic provocation. Results: Simulated results reproduced experimental evidences on the interactions between BVR and LF oscillations of AP duration (APD), with replication of the high inter-individual variability observed in both phenomena. ICaL, IKr and IK1 currents were identified as common ionic modulators of the inter-individual differences in BVR and LF oscillatory behavior and were shown to be crucial in determining susceptibility to arrhythmogenic events. Conclusions: The calibrated family of human ventricular cell models proposed in this study allows reproducing experimentally reported interactions between BVR and LF oscillations of APD. Ionic factors involving ICaL, IKr and IK1 currents are found to underlie correlated increments in both phenomena in response to sympathetic provocation. A link to arrhythmogenesis is established for concomitantly elevated levels of BVR and its LF oscillations.
Towards inclusion of genetic diversity measures into IUCN assessments: a case study on birds

The IUCN Red List categorizes species based on their geographical distribution and population size. However, attributes such as genetic information are not yet considered. We compiled information on genetic diversity (HE, HO) and inbreeding coefficient (f) along with their ecological attributes (IUCN category, migratory habit, forest dependence and habitat type) from a literature survey to assess whether bird species categorized as being of highest conservation concern display the lowest genetic diversity. We used generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to test whether avian species with less inclusive characteristics (e.g., taxa with small geographical distributions or low dispersal capability) display lower genetic diversity than those classified as Least Concern (LC). We used hylogenetic generalized least squares (pGLS) to account for phylogenetic independence of predictor variables and to verify robustness of GLMMs (generalized linear mixed models). In general, GLMM revealed more significant relationships among ecological attributes and genetic diversity patterns. After accounting for phylogenetic independence, the highest average heterozygosity values were observed in species falling under the LC category; non–migratory birds showed lower HO and HE average values than migratory birds, while non–forest birds showed lower heterozygosity than forest birds. Hence, we corroborate our hypothesis that genetic diversity of birds is lower in species of high conservation concern. We hope our results promote further studies on genetic diversity of bird populations. Lastly, we propose the incorporation of genetic data as metrics in the assessment of bird conservation status.
Cattle milk production, processing and marketing situations of smallholder farmers in Telo district, Keffa zone, Ethiopia

The study was conducted in Telo district of Keffa zone, SNNP Regional State with the aim of assessing milk production and milk use pattern. Cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from randomly sampled 156 households using survey questioner, farm visit and focus group discussion. Female headed farms were more frequent in urban. The average family size per household was 7 persons. 58.3% of HH were illiterate, mean cattle number was 7, higher (P<0.05) cattle number was found in rural than in urban. Cows are the only animals used for milk production. Milk from small ruminants was not consumed due to cultural taboo. Local indigenous cow contributes 99% of total milk production in the study area. The estimated average daily milk yield of local and cross breed cows was 1.4 and 7.28 L with an estimated lactation length of 8.47 and 9.92 months, respectively. In both urban and rural mixed crop-livestock production system frequency of milking was twice per day (morning and evening). There was no practice of milking in cases of stillbirth or death of calves. Calves were allowed to suckle prior to milking. All milk producers in the study area wash their hand before milking. Some 15% of the urban smallholders even wash udder and teat before milking. The milking utensils, commonly used in both production systems, were plastic materials. Nearly half (45%) of the respondents indicated that they wash milking utensil both before and after milking. The majority (93.7%) of rural (mixed crop-livestock production system) farm households process milk to butter. Only few (6.3%) households do not convert milk to butter but consume it as fermented milk “ergo”. There was no practice of selling fresh milk in the rural area. Overall percentage of raw milk sold in the study area was 19.2%, with price of 15 to 20 ETB/L, indicating high demand and low supply of milk in the area. Key words: Cattle, milk, production, processing, Telo.
Redundant Input Cancellation by a Bursting Neural Network

Although there is a general understanding of what methods the brain uses to process sensory information, little is known about how the brain implements these techniques using a neural network. One of the most powerful and important applications is solving the sensory “cocktail party problem:” to adaptively suppress extraneous signals in an environment. Theoretical studies suggest that the solution to the problem involves an adaptive filter, which learns to remove the redundant noise. However, neural learning is also in its infancy, and there are still many questions about the stability and application of synaptic learning rules in neural computation. In their natural surroundings, weakly electric fish solve a simplified version of the cocktail party problem: they can selectively remove redundant signals from their sensory input. Cancellation of predictable signals is accomplished in A. Leptorhynchus using a neural network that putatively operates as an adaptive filter. In this thesis, the implementation of an adaptive filter in the brain of A. Leptorhynchus was found to require a cerebellar architecture that could supply independent frequency channels of delayed feedback and multiple burst learning rules that could shape this feedback. This extends the concept of spike-timing dependent plasticity to include bursts as events for learning and unifies two ideas about the function of the cerebellum that were previously separate: the cerebellum as an adaptive filter and as a generator of precise temporal inputs. Further, the success of the neural network in this manuscript shows that the cerebellum can stably learn a set of synaptic weights even with unsupervised learning. In addition, the output parameters of the model during local and global stimulation paradigms were accurately predicted by theoretical analysis.
Population Genetics of Plant Pathogenic Fungi

P lant pathogenic fungi have had an important economic and social impact on humans since the evolution of agricultural societies (Stakman 1959). Ancient Romans worshipped the god Robigus, who embodied a catastrophic cereal disease called rust, praying for a special dispensation for their cereal crops. In the last century, the Irish potato famine, caused by the potato blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans, contributed to 1.5 million deaths and a large-scale emigration of Europeans to North America. In 1970, leaf blight on corn caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus destroyed approximately 15% of the US corn crop, causing a grain loss estimated at more than $1 billion. Losses due to pathogenic fungi vary from year to year, but careful measurements indicate that average annual yield losses of 5-10% are typical in field crops in industrialized countries throughout the world (James 1974). Plant pathologists have focused largely on the genetics and physiology of pathogen-plant interactions. However, plant pathogens also offer unique opportunities to study processes in population and evolutionary biology.
Power Divider Rule: AC circuit analysis

Theventhira Desmond*, Leow Chee Seng, Vincent Leong Graduate School, IIC University of Technology, Cambodia Abstract The revolution of electricity formulation was started in early 17th century and superficially ended up with the electrical current divider as well as the voltage divider rules. As a matter of fact, the product of these two components (current and voltage) is the electrical power and this approach has been conventionally applied for any circuits‟ calculation so far. The power divider rule (PDR) is an alternative mathematical formula for the computation of electrical power distribution across any DC electrical circuits and it was published in the Electronics World UK magazine, a 150 years old periodic. The mathematical analysis was limited to only the DC circuits and therefore an extended analysis becomes crucial to implicate the formula into practical application today, especially in the AC circuit calculations. To what extend the power divider rule works well in AC circuit is still an ambiguity as there is short of literature on it since the day of publication. Literally there is no substantial analysis has been done yet to produce pertinent results and thereby, the power distribution in AC circuits are thoroughly investigated in this paper. The ideal and non-ideal simulating results show an authenticity of the formula because it works well in the AC circuits in addition to the DC circuits.
Study on interoperability in synchronous cooperative GIS based on message queue

For the requirement of consistency,high response and convenience of sharing spatial data in synchronous cooperative GIS,we proposed a way,which recorded collaborator GIS operation by message,and built the message queue for storage,dispense operation's message to realize GIS cooperative operation,with geographic information service technology after analyzing the current research results of interoperability in synchronous cooperative GIS.Firstly,we classified GIS operation types due to its characteristics,provided a principle of GIS operation priority evaluation and established transformation mechanism for GIS operation in collaborative environment.And then,we also discussed the description model of GIS operational message combined with the character of geographical information service,designed the rule of GIS message enqueue and dequeue operations,and constructed a cooperative GIS interoperability framework oriented geographic information service.Finally,we implemented a prototype system to verify the method.
The role of the X chromosome in embryonic and postnatal growth

Women born with only a single X chromosome (XO) have Turner syndrome (TS); and they are invariably of short stature. XO female mice are also small: during embryogenesis, female mice with a paternally-inherited X chromosome (XPO) are smaller than XX littermates; whereas during early postnatal life, both XPO and XMO (maternal) mice are smaller than their XX siblings. Here I look to further understand the genetic bases of these phenotypes, and potentially inform areas of future investigation into TS. Mouse pre-implantation embryos preferentially silence the XP via the non-coding RNA Xist. XPO embryos are smaller than XX littermates at embryonic day (E) 10.5, whereas XMO embryos are not. Two possible hypotheses explain this observation. Inappropriate expression of Xist in XPO embryos may cause transcriptional silencing of the single X chromosome and result in embryos nullizygous for X gene products. Alternatively, there could be imprinted genes on the X chromosome that impact on growth and manifest in growth retarded XPO embryos. In contrast, during the first three weeks of postnatal development, both XPO and XMO mice show a growth deficit when compared with XX littermates. This deficit is not observed in the presence of a second sex chromosome i.e. in normal XX female mice, or in females with a Y chromosome that lacks Sry suggesting haploinsufficiency of genes with homologues present on, and expressed from, both sex chromosomes as a cause.
Predicting Primary Site of Secondary Liver Cancer with a Neural Estimator of Metastatic Origin (NEMO)

Pathologists rely on clinical information, tissue morphology, and sophisticated molecular diagnostics to accurately infer the metastatic origin of secondary liver cancer. In this paper, we introduce a deep learning approach to identify spatially localized regions of cancerous tumor within hematoxylin and eosin stained tissue sections of liver cancer and to generate predictions of the cancer’s metastatic origin. Our approach achieves an accuracy of 90.2% when classifying metastatic origin of whole slide images into three distinct classes, which compares favorably to an established clinical benchmark by three board-certified pathologists whose accuracies ranged from 90.2% to 94.1% on the same prediction task. This approach illustrates the potential impact of deep learning systems to leverage morphological and structural features of H&E stained tissue sections to guide pathological and clinical determination of the metastatic origin of secondary liver cancers.