Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1-km monthly temperature and precipitation dataset for China from
1901–2017

Abstract. High-spatial-resolution and long-term climate data are highly desirable for understanding climate-related natural processes. China covers a large area with a low density of weather stations in some regions, especially in mountainous regions. This study describes a 0.5' (~ 1 km) dataset of monthly air temperatures at 2 m (minimum, maximum, and mean TMPs) and precipitation (PRE) for China from 1901–2017. The dataset was spatially downscaled from 30' climatic research unit (CRU) time series dataset with the climatology dataset of WorldClim by using Delta spatial downscaling and evaluated using observations during 1951–2016 from 496 weather stations across China. Moreover, the bicubic, bilinear, and nearest-neighbor interpolation methods were compared in the downscaling processes. Among the three interpolation methods, bilinear interpolation exhibited the best performance to generate the downscaled dataset. Compared with the evaluations of the original CRU dataset, the mean absolute error of the new dataset (i.e., 0.5' downscaled dataset with the bilinear interpolation) relatively decreased by 35.4 %–48.7 % for TMPs and 25.7 % for PRE, the root-mean-square error relatively decreased by 32.4 %–44.9 % for TMPs and 25.8 % for PRE, the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients relatively increased by 9.6 %–13.8 % for TMPs and 31.6 % for PRE, and the correlation coefficients relatively increased by 0.2 %–0.4 % for TMPs and 5.0 % for PRE. Further, the new dataset could provide detailed climatology data and annual trend of each climatic variable across China, and the results could be well evaluated using observations at the station. Although the evaluation of new dataset was not carried out before 1950 owing to a lack of data availability, the downscaling procedure used data from CRU and WordClim and did not incorporate observations. Thus the quality of the new dataset before 1950 mainly depended on that of the CRU and WordClim datasets. The evaluations showed that the overall quality of the CRU and WordClim datasets was satisfactory, and the downscaling procedure further improved the quality and spatial resolution of the CRU dataset. The new dataset will be useful in investigations related to climate change across China. The dataset presented in this article has been published in Network Common Data Form (NetCDF) at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3114194 for precipitation (Peng, 2019a) and http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3185722 for air temperatures at 2 m (Peng, 2019b). The dataset includes 156 NetCDF files compressed with zip format and one user guidance text file.
Working Memory, Short-Term Memory, and Speech Rate as Predictors of Children's Reading Performance at Different Ages.

This study explored the contribution of 2 working memory (WM) systems (the phonological loop and the central executive) to reading performance in younger (9-year-old) and older (14-year-old) children. The results showed that (a) significant age-related differences in verbal and visual-spatial WM performance were maintained when articulation speed and short-term memory (the phonological system) were partialed from the analysis and (b) WM predicted age-related differences in word recognition and comprehension performance independent of the contribution of a short-term memory and articulatory rate. The results were interpreted as support for the notion that both the phonological and the executive systems are important predictors of age-related changes in reading but that these processes operate independent of each other in predicting fluent reading. Several implications of the results are discussed.
A Comparative Study of Perceptions of Superintendents, High School Principals, and High School Department Chairs on the Role of the High School Academic Department Chair: the Voice of the Administrator

An abstract of the dissertation of William Anthony Korach for the Doctor of Education in Educational Leadership: Administration and Supervision presented May 9, 1996. Title: A Comparative study of Perceptions of Superintendents, High School Principals, and High School Department Chairs on the Role of the High School Academic Department Chair: The Voice of
Postural coordination modes considered as emergent phenomena

The coordination of multiple body segments (torso and legs) in the control of standing posture during a suprapostural task was studied. The analysis was motivated by dynamical theories of motor coordination. In 2 experiments it was found that multisegment postural coordination could be described by the relative phase of rotations around the hip and ankle joints. The effective length of the feet, the height of the center of mass, and the amplitude of head motions in a visual tracking task were varied. Across these variations, 2 modes of hip-ankle coordination were observed: in-phase and anti-phase. The emergence of these modes was influenced by constraints imposed by the suprapostural tracking task, supporting the idea that such tasks influence postural control in an adaptive manner. Results are interpreted in terms of a dynamical approach to coordination in which postural coordination modes can be viewed as emergent phenomena.
Screw dislocation induced phonon transport suppression in SiGe superlattices

Screw dislocations are known to impede the thermal transport of homogeneous nanowires by reducing the phonon relaxation time without affecting the phonon group velocity. By using molecular dynamics simulations in this study, we show that the impact of screw dislocation on the thermal conductivity of the SiGe superlattice nanowires depends on the period length. The analysis of phonon transmission spectra and phonon mean free paths indicate that strong phonon-screw dislocation scatterings occur for phonons in the frequency range of 3-8 THz. The screw dislocations change the phonon scattering mechanisms, which is the main cause of the thermal conductivity reduction. Contrary to the case of homogeneous nanowires, a sizable decrease in the phonon group velocity is found in superlattices with screw dislocations. This phenomenon is attributed to the larger number of Si-Ge bonds in the vicinity of the interface due to the slipping of the atomic planes. In contrast to the decreased thermal conductivity, the phonon propagation in the interface region of the nanowires is enhanced by screw dislocations. Our findings provide critical insights into the understanding of dislocation-heat transfer relationship in materials, especially in heterostructures where interfaces are vital for thermal transport.
Dismantling Cognitive—Behavioral Treatment for Panic Disorder Questioning the Utility of Breathing Retraining

Cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) protocols for panic disorder (PD) consist of a set of interventions that often includes some form of breathing retraining (BR). A controlled outcome study was designed to assess the necessity of BR in the context of a multicomponent CBT protocol. To accomplish this, patients with PD (N = 77) were randomly assigned to receive CBT with or without BR or to a delayed-treatment control. The main study hypothesis was that patients receiving BR would display a less complete recovery relative to the other active-treatment condition given that BR appears to be a more attractive (but less adaptive) option for some patients. Some data suggested that the addition of BR yielded a poorer outcome. However, findings were generally more consistent with treatment equivalence, questioning whether BR produces any incremental benefits in the context of other CBT interventions for PD.
INDIRECT ORGANOGENESIS IN SOLID AND LIQUID MEDIUMS FROM VITROPLANTS OF AGAVE TITANOTA.

López-Isabel B 1 , Martínez-Hernández Ma. de J 1 , Nader-García B. L 2 and AdameGarcía J 3 . 1. Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Veracruzana Circuito Gonzalo Aguirre Beltrán s/n Zona Universitaria C.P. 91090 Xalapa, Veracruz, México. 2. Facultad de Biología, Universidad Veracruzana, Circuito Gonzalo Aguirre Beltrán s/n Zona Universitaria C.P. 91090 Xalapa, Veracruz, México. 3. Tecnológico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Úrsulo Galván, km 4.5 Carr. Cardel-Chachalacas, CP. 91667. Úrsulo Galván, Veracruz, Mexico. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History Received: 24 May 2019 Final Accepted: 26 June 2019 Published: July 2019
COMPARISON OF MASS APPRAISAL MODELS FOR EFFECTIVE PREDICTION OF PROPERTY VALUES

There are a number of models that are used for mass appraisal of properties. However, the choice of a model is predicated on a number of criteria. One of these criteria is to compare models predictive accuracies that are reflected in minimum error of estimates. This study focuses on comparing predictive accuracies of mass appraisal models with a datasets of 3494 property transactions from the city of Cape Town, South Africa. Five mass appraisal models including back propagation trained artificial neural networks, multiple regression model, M5P tree, support vector machine optimise with sequential minimal optimisation and additive nonparametric regression were used for the simulations. Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) explorer; an open source data mining software was used to pre-processed property data to normalised values and model property prices. The analysis shows that BP trained artificial neural networks (BP-ANN) and M5P tree utilised in this study predicted better results with root mean squared error and mean absolute error within acceptable threshold of 5%. But M5P tree shows distinctiveness in predicted results between normalised and absolute values which require further examination. The other three mass appraisal models including multiple regression model, additive nonparametric regression and support vector machines with simulated minimal optimisation predicted RMSE that are higher than 5% acceptable threshold. With these results it is hereby recommended that mortgage lenders, valuation offices in South Africa, the rest of Africa and beyond should consider utilising BP-ANN in their mass appraisal predictions.
Distributed Dynamic Averaging Tracking Without Rate Measurements

This article introduces a dynamic average tracking algorithm for multiagent systems over weight-balanced direct graphs. Toward the end, we propose a proportional–integral distributive observer for each system with exponential convergence. In particular, the proposed algorithm only requires mild initialization conditions, does not rely on the time derivatives of reference signals and can ensure average consensus tracking with bounded steady-state error. The simulation results verified the performance of the proposed scheme.
Neural Networks-Based Fault Tolerant Control of a Robot via Fast Terminal Sliding Mode

This article develops a robust fault tolerant (FT) control scheme for an $n$ -link uncertain robotic system with actuator failures. In order to eliminate the influence of both the uncertainties and actuator failures on the system performance, the Gaussian radial basis function neural networks are used to compensate for the actuator failures and uncertain dynamics. An adaptive observer is designed to compensate for external disturbance. In addition, in order to accelerate the recovery of system stability after failure, a nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode is given. Finally, the simulation results on a two-link manipulator confirms the superior performance of the proposed neural networks-based FT controller, and the experiment results on the Baxter robot further verify the effectiveness of the control method.
Null Electromagnetic Fields from Dilatation and Rotation Transformations of the Hopfion

The application of topology concepts to Maxwell equations has led to the developing of the whole area of electromagnetic knots. In this paper, we apply some symmetry transformations to a particular electromagnetic knot, the hopfion field, to get a new set of knotted solutions with the properties of being null. The new fields are obtained by a homothetic transformation (dilatation) and a rotation of the hopfion, and we study the constraints that the transformations must fulfill in order to generate valid electromagnetic fields propagating in a vacuum. We make use of the Bateman construction and calculate the four-potentials and the electromagnetic helicities. It is observed that the topology of the field lines does not seem to be conserved as it is for the hopfion.
In-vitro model of intracranial pressure and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics

The intracranial cavity experiences complex biological as well as fluid-mechanical interactions. There, brain, blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cooperate to preserve the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). The brain and spinal cord float within a bath of CSF that is pressurized with respect to the atmosphere. In healthy conditions, circulation of blood and CSF minister the optimal fluiddynamic state for the CNS, in terms of mechanical stability, as well as transport of nutrients and waste products. Alterations of intracranial fluid dynamics associate with disorders, such as hydrocephalus and traumatic brain injuries, which might ultimately damage the CNS. The present thesis addresses the demand of an in-vitro model of intracranial pressure (ICP) and CSF dynamics that would fill the gap between standard numerical or computational models (in-silico) and animal or patients studies (in-vivo). A first-of-its-kind life-size phantom model is presented in this thesis. The intracranial domains including ventricular, cisternal and subarachnoid spaces (SAS) were derived via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and combined to a brain and skull with realistic anatomical shape and mechanical properties. Brain elasticity and cranio-spinal compliance were set based on published data. Bulk and pulsatile physiologic CSF flows as well as ICP were modeled for standard healthy conditions. Model validation was carried out by comparisons of flow and pressure measurements obtained in the phantom with published in-vivo data. Major intracranial arteries were included in a second generation phantom, and their cardiovascular contribution to the modulation of ICP pulsation was evaluated. MRI was used to design the internal carotid arteries (ICAs), basilar artery (BA) and the circle of Willis (CoW). Arterial mechanical properties for healthy subjects were retrieved from published data, and a novel protocol was developed for the molding of a realistic cerebro-vascular domain. Our results show that cardiovascular blood pulsation in the major intracranial arteries
Living and Learning with College LiveText: Lessons from a Self-study

For teacher preparation programs to continue in the business of preparing preservice teachers for licensure, they have to be accredited by a reputable professional body such as (1) the National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE), developed over 50 years, and (2) the newer Teacher Education Accreditation Council (TEAC), which got its final formal approval in 2003. Accreditation spells alignment of learning outcomes with standards as well as accountability. In this paper, a self-study is presented addressing how one mid-southern university lives and learns with College LiveText in preparation for NCATE accreditation fall 2009. Introduction and Background For the past four years, College LiveText was adopted as the web-based tool for students to prepare their e-portfolios as well as for instructors to assess students’ work and collate needed data for NCATE accreditation purposes. In response to the many sweeping changes in America’s educational system including the No Child Left Behind initiative, teacher education programs have had to become even accountable in showing empirical measures of student learning. To support these reform efforts, state, federal, and accreditation agencies have issued many standards and guidelines. College LiveText education solutionsTM (CLTTM) www.livetext. com features a repository of these various standards and benchmarks to help higher educational institutions assess, measure, and report their standards usage, linked with student competencies, to the respective accreditation agencies. The CLTTM portal is designed to assist colleges and universities in achieving their goals, having a comprehensive suite of web-based tools, a supportive community, and experienced support staff. Prerequisite Skills for Using CLTTM • Basic word processor skills • Web browser navigation skills • Ability to access files on a computer • Proficiency with a personal computer • Like other electronic portals, CLTTM enables the users to 1. Create document in CLTTM 2. Create and edit pages and sections of documents 3. Add text, images, and attachments to a document • Additional features important for accreditation but not available in other portals such as BlackBoard.com, include but is not limited to: 1. Sharing documents with other CLTTM users in a safe environment only accessible to selected users (not on the web) 2. Performing document review and assessment 3. Creating personal report based on assessment data generated (most important for NCATE reports)
Optical characterization of the DEAP 360 Dark Matter detector

DEAP-3600 (Dark Matter Experiment using Argon for Pulse shape discrimination) is a dark matter experiment using liquid argon as a target to detect dark matter’s Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). This work is a contribution to the experiment, focused on optical processes inside the inner detector. In order to re-scale and calibrate complex optical system used in the apparatus, the distribution of external light is studied. This work includes a qualitative description of the optical model, data analysis of light reflection from liquid/gas argon boundary and an attempt of estimating the refractive index of wave-shifter material.
Research on Apparent Resistivity Imaging of Transient Electromagnetic Method for Oil and Gas Pipelines Based on GA-BP Neural Network

Transient electromagnetic apparent resistivity imaging technology is one of the more promising methods for external inspection of metallic oil and gas pipelines. Through the research on the transient electromagnetic response and imaging technology of pipelines, it is found that the accuracy and real-time performance of the apparent resistivity calculation are the key to its application. To achieve fast imaging, a three-layer BP neural network is designed with the kernel function of the secondary field as the input and the transient parameter value as the output; the nonlinear equation of transient response is fitted by the neural network to solve the apparent resistivity, and inversion depth is calculated based on smoke ring theory. Aiming at the shortcomings of the traditional BP network, such as slow convergence rate and the ease of falling into local minima, the genetic algorithm is designed to optimize the initial weight and threshold of the network. In the model pipeline experiment, the measured data are brought into the trained GA-BP network, and calculation time is greatly shortened. The obtained sectional image can directly and accurately reflect the pipeline shape. The validity and practicability of the transient electromagnetic apparent resistivity imaging technology based on the GA-BP neural network are verified, which is expected to be a powerful tool for real-time evaluation of pipeline corrosion detection.
Pyramid Predictive Attention Network for Medical Image Segmentation

SUMMARY In this paper, we propose a Pyramid Predictive Attention Network (PPAN) for medical image segmentation. In the medical ﬁeld, the size of dataset generally restricts the performance of deep CNN and deploying the trained network with gross parameters into the terminal device with limitedmemoryisanexpectation. Ourteamaimstothefuturehomemedical diagnosis and search for lightweight medical image segmentation network. Therefore, we designed PPAN mainly made of Xception blocks which are modiﬁed from DeepLab v3+ and consist of separable depthwise convolu-tions to speed up the computation and reduce the parameters. Meanwhile, by utilizing pyramid predictions from each dimension stage will guide the network more accessible to optimize the training process towards the ﬁnal segmentation target without degrading the performance. IoU metric is used for the evaluation on the test dataset. We compared our designed network performance with the current state of the art segmentation networks on our RGB tongue dataset which was captured by the developed TIAS system for tongue diagnosis. Our designed network reduced 80 percentage parameters compared to the most widely used U-Net in medical image segmentation and achieved similar or better performance. Any terminal with limited storage which is needed a segment of RGB image can refer to our designed PPAN.
The BCG Experience: Implications for Future Vaccines against Tuberculosis

Use of BCG (bacille Calmette-Guerin) vaccines increased in Europe after World War II and in developing countries starting in the 1950s to the extent that the vaccines have now been given to over 3 billion people. In a major evaluation of BCG's safety, researchers attempted to catalog all adverse events reported as attributed to BCG vaccination. Two conclusions are notable. First, the reports of severe neurologic or fatal sequelae indicate that the risk of such events is extremely rare, far less than that reported for the smallpox vaccine. Second, BCG vaccines are associated with a variety of more common minor adverse effects in addition to induration and ulceration of the vaccination site, which occur in almost all vaccines. The authors believe that such studies may identify useful surrogate markers for the evaluation of different preparations of BCG or new vaccines against tuberculosis. Although BCG is effective in developing type I CD4 T-cell responses, it is still unclear how effective it is in generating MHC class I-restricted CTL responses. It may ultimately be necessary to identify the molecules, either enzymes or lysins, that enable M. tuberculosis to escape from phagolysosomes into the cytoplasm in order to develop recombinant BCG vaccines that are effective in inducing both CD8- and CD4-type protective responses. Just as the BCG trials have provided our most detailed studies of the epidemiology of tuberculosis, so basic research directed at tuberculosis vaccines is leading the way in understanding pathogenesis of the disease.