Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating biases in filter-based aerosol absorption measurements using photoacoustic spectroscopy

Abstract. Biases in absorption coefficients measured using a filter-based absorption photometer (Tricolor Absorption Photometer, or TAP) at wavelengths of 467, 528 and 652 nm are evaluated by comparing to measurements made using photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS). We report comparisons for ambient sampling covering a range of aerosol types including urban, fresh biomass burning and aged biomass burning. Data are also used to evaluate the performance of three different TAP correction schemes. We found that photoacoustic and filter-based measurements were well correlated, but filter-based measurements generally overestimated absorption by up to 45 %. Biases varied with wavelength and depended on the correction scheme applied. Optimal agreement to PAS data was achieved by processing the filter-based measurements using the recently developed correction scheme of Müller et al. (2014), which consistently reduced biases to 0 %–18 % at all wavelengths. The biases were found to be a function of the ratio of organic aerosol mass to light-absorbing carbon mass, although applying the Müller et al. (2014) correction scheme to filter-based absorption measurements reduced the biases and the strength of this correlation significantly. Filter-based absorption measurement biases led to aerosol single-scattering albedos that were biased low by values in the range 0.00–0.07 and absorption Ångström exponents (AAEs) that were in error by ± (0.03–0.54). The discrepancy between the filter-based and PAS absorption measurements is lower than reported in some earlier studies and points to a strong dependence of filter-based measurement accuracy on aerosol source type.
Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Geum iranicum Khatamsaz Methanol Extract in Mice

Background and objectives:Traditionally, Geum species from Rosaceae family have been used for treating inflammatory disorders. Geum iranicum Khatamsaz is endemic to Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Geum iranicum methanol extract G. iranicum methanol extract using classical models. Methods: The methanol extract of G. iranicum roots was evaluated for antinociceptive activity by acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin and hot-plate tests in male Swiss albino mice. The anti-inflammatory effect was investigated by Carrageenan-induced paw edema method. Results: The extract significantly inhibited both the first and second phases of formalin-induced nociception in mice at the dose of 100 mg/kg compared to the control group. In acetic acid-induced writhing test and hot plate method, the extract significantly reduced pain behavior in all doses (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg). The antinociceptive activity of the extract was significantly reduced by naloxone (4 mg/kg). The anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was found to be dose dependent. The extract at the dose of 100 mg/kg exhibited significant reduction of paw edema in all surveyed times. Conclusion: The results showed that the methanol extract of G. iranicum roots possessed central analgesic activity via modulation of opioid receptors as well as anti-inflammatory activity. The observed effects could be attributed to the presence of constituents like triterpenoids, eugenol, sucrose and tannins in the extract.
Comparison with statistical analysis of signal correction in diffusion weighted MR image

Poster: "ECR 2016 / C-0291 / Comparison with statistical analysis of signal correction in diffusion weighted MR image" by: "Y. Konishi1, Y. Kanazawa1, T. Usuda1, Y. Matsumoto1, H. Hayashi1, M. Matsuda2, M. Harada1; 1Tokushima/JP, 2Tokyo/JP"
Extending the Postharvest Quality of Peach Fruits by Salicylic Acid and MAP Treatments

Postharvest salicylic acid (SA) treatments can decrease the fungal decay of horticultural crops by affecting the ethylene biosynthesis and inducing the systemic resistance during cold storage. In the present study, effects of SA and modified atmosphere packages (MAP) on the postharvest quality maintenance of fruits of peach cv ‘J. H. Hale’ were investigated. After harvest at commercial maturity, half lot of each of the fruits was subjected to 1 mM SA for 5 min and was packed with or without MAP. The remaining lot was not subjected to SA but was also stored with or without MAP. All the fruits were stored at 1°C and 90% relative humidity for 60 d. Weight loss, color of flesh and skin, firmness, total soluble solid, titratable acidity, total phenolic and total antioxidant analyses were performed with 15 d intervals to compare the effectiveness of treatments. SA treatment had positive influences on the of postharvest quality maintenance of the fruits. In p P articular ly , the combined use of SA and MAP was more effective than their individual use i o n maintaining the firmness of the fruits , delaying the biochemical changes in the with flesh and alterations in the skin color than their single use .
Network access and admission restriction using traffic monitoring and vulnerability detection

Network is a mix of healthy, potentially vulnerable and already infected hosts. One would always want to keep the already infected as well as potentially vulnerable hosts separate from healthy hosts. The objective behind this is to stop transitive spread of vulnerability from one infected host to another and also prevent potential attack on other shared resources. Network admission solutions try to solve the problem of keeping such hosts in a separate functioning section from clean hosts. Network administrators normally prevent the vulnerable and infected hosts from accessing resources outside the network periphery, in lieu of the fact that they may launch an attack on outside resources which may backfire on the network performance itself. Along with applying these rectifying methods, one would also want to prevent such incidents from happening by protecting potentially vulnerable but not infected applications either by restricting access. Most of the solutions implement this security by denying access of admission of such potentially vulnerable or infected hosts into network and by restricting overall network as well as Internet access for them. This implementation may effectively work if we considered every potentially vulnerable host as infected hosts. We categorize potentially vulnerable host and an infected one as: A windows machine running with lower service update version is considered as potentially vulnerable but a machine having a virus is an infected host. Tight security restrictions in organization may lead to productivity loss if absence of security update prevents a user to access official mails. Our research is a concentrated effort to maximize alert capturing with context information, simplify alert aggregation using a novice approach, without compromising with network performance. We propose a model that can be as secure as conventional solutions without compromising network productivity. The proposed model advocates the fact that not the machine but the application running on that host is either potentially vulnerable or infected so the access control policy focuses on the process and not at a gross level of host. The model is designed to keep the compromised applications separate from clean applications. It also builds up the run time data information for such applications running in the network to maintain the global black list of such applications with highest confidence level. Our research also generates precise set of advices to network administrator for attack prevention in real time.
Torque-Ripple Minimization in Switched Reluctance Motor Based on BP Neural Network

To overcome the disadvantage of higher torque ripple in switched reluctance motor(SRM) based on average torque control technique,one method of instantaneous torque control is presented.After static torque characteristic of SRM having been measured,the torque reverse model was developed based on BP neural network of Levenberg-Marquardt arithmetic.The network scale of this torque reverse model is small and is convenient to real-time control.The torque ripple minimization can be achieved by optimum profiling of the phase currents based on instantaneous torque control of torque sharing function.Simulation results verify the feasibility of this torque ripple minimization technique.
Visual dataflow language for educational robots programming

Visual domain-specific languages usually have low entry barrier. Sometimes even children can program on such languages by working with visual representations. This is widely used in educational robotics domain, where most commonly used programming environments are visual. The paper describes a novel dataflow visual programming environment for embedded robotic platforms. Obviously, complex dataflow languages are not simple for understand-ing. The purpose of our tool is to "bridge" between lightweight educational robotic programming tools (commonly these tools provide languages which are based on control flow model) and complex industrial tools (which provide languages based on more complex dataflow execution model). We compare programming environments mostly used by robotics community with our tool. After brief review of behavioural robotic architectures, some thoughts on expressing them in terms of our dataflow language are given. Visual language, which is described here, provides opportunity to mix dataflow and control flow models for robotics programming. We believe that it is important for educational purposes. Program on our language consists of different blocks (visual representation of data transformation processes) and "links" which pre-sents data flow between them. Domain-specific modelling approach was used to develop our language. Also, this paper provides the examples of solving two typical robot control tasks in our language. Abstract. Визуальные предметно-ориентированные языки зачастую имеют низкий порог
Ligand-Dependent Energetics for Dehydrogenation: Implications in Li-Ion Battery Electrolyte Stability and Selective Oxidation Catalysis of Hydrogen-Containing Molecules

The hydrogen adsorption energetics on the surface of inorganic compounds can be used to predict electrolyte stability in Li-ion batteries and catalytic activity for selective oxidation of small molecules such as H2 and CH4. Using first-principles density functional theory (DFT), the hydrogen adsorption was found to be unfavorable on high band-gap insulators, which could be attributed to lower energy level associated with adsorbed hydrogen relative to the bottom of conduction band. In contrast, the hydrogen adsorption was shown the most favorable on metallic and semiconducting compounds, which results from an electron transfer from adsorbed hydrogen to the Fermi level or the bottom of conduction band. Of significance, computed hydrogen adsorption energetics on insulating, semiconducting and metallic oxides, phosphates, fluorides, and sulfides were decreased by lowering the ligand p band center while the ligand vacancy formation energy penalty was increased, indicative of decreased surface reducibility. A s.
Accelerated epithelium-on or accelerated epithelium-off corneal collagen cross-linking: Contralateral comparison study

PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to compare the accelerated epithelial-on corneal collagen cross-linking (epi-on CXL) and accelerated epithelial-off corneal collagen cross-linking (epi-off CXL) in terms of clinical and confocal microscopy results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two eyes of 21 patients with progressive keratoconus and simultaneously undergoing accelerated epi-on CXL in one eye and accelerated epi-off CXL in other eye were evaluated. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) with spectacle in logMAR and topographic findings (mean keratometry [Kmean] and maximum keratometry [Kmax]) were recorded at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 months. Eyes were compared in terms of subjective pain scores after the procedures. Furthermore, anterior segment optical coherence tomography and confocal microscopy were performed at 1 month. RESULTS: Kmeanand Kmaxwere less than baseline in both the groups; however, the reduction was significantly higher in epi-off CXL than epi-on CXL eyes at 18 and 30 months. The UCVA and BCVA increased approximately 1 Snellen line at the end of mean follow-up in epi-off CXL and in epi-on CXL. Stromal demarcation line for epi-off CXL is 276.4 ± 58.9 while 148.3 ± 24.8 for epi-on CXL (P = 0.001). Furthermore, subepithelial nerves were observed in any eye in epi-off CXL; however, subepithelial nerves were observed in 12 eyes (80%), in epi-on CXL (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Both techniques were able to stop progression; however, in contrast to expectations, the pain was felt more in epi-on CXL than epi-off CXL.
ALOMETRIC RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN VOLUME TO SURFACE RATIO, GENERATION TIME, MASS-CORRECTED METABOLIC RATE AND LIFESPAN METABOLIC POTENTIAL OF LIVING CELLS IN MODEL FOR SWITCH OF GENE PROGRAMS FROM GROWTH TO DIFFERENTIATION AND APPOPTOSIS

The works of the other scientists have showed that the change of the size and form of the cells can leads to change of their mass-energy and spatial-time characteristics, as well as to switch gene programs of the cells from growth to differentiation and to apoptosis. In this direction the idea for control of metabolic, spatial-time and signaling pathways in cells via manipulation of volume to surface ratio (namely shape and size of the cells) is developed in manuscript. The base for such manipulation and control on cellular functions is existence of linear relationship between the volume to surface ratio (V/S, m) and generation time (Tgt, s) in unicellular organisms (n=18): V/S=avstTgt 1.0975 (R 2 =0.815) and existence of nearly to inversely-linear relationship between the volume to surface ratio and mass-corrected metabolic rate (P*=P/M, J/s.kg) in unicellular organisms (n=18): V/S = bvsm/P* 0.8796 (R 2 =0.70). The found relationships showed that the metabolic rate and the generation time of the cells are strongly connected to their volume to surface ratio. Thus, the manipulation of volume to surface ratio leads to changes of the basal metabolic rate and generation time of the cells, and this can switch their gene programs from growth to differentiation and to apoptosis. The proposed model is based on universality of the alometric relationships simultaneously for unicellular organisms (bacteria, protozoa) and for soma cells of the multicellular organisms.
The Regulatory Activity of Aqueous Moringa Oleifera Leaves on Benzene Induced Leukemia in Wister Rats Using TNF-α Assay

Background: Many of the pharmacological principles currently used as anticancer agents were first isolated from plants. Proper understanding of the complex synergistic interaction of various components of anticancer herbs would help in formulating a design to attack the cancerous cells without harming the normal cells of the body. AIM: This study is aimed at investigating the regulatory activity of aqueous leaves extract of moringa oleifera in leukemic wistar rats using TNFalpha assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty adult wistar rats were grouped into ten each per group. Intravenous injection of 0.2 mg/ml of benzene chromosolv was administered 48 hourly for four weeks. 0.2 ml of 100 mg/ml of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera was administered orally pre, during and post leukemia induction. Group A (Normal control), Group B (benzene administration only) and Group C (benzene + aqueous Moringa oleifera extract). The plasma samples of each of the groups were collected and analyzed using TNF-α kit by ELISA technique. RESULTS:A comparison of TNFα level obtained in all the groups showed that there was no statistically significant difference between them. However, there was mean and standard deviation difference between then. Group B (benzene only) 229.16±58.18 ng/L, group A (Normal control) 209.04±18.75 ng/L, group C (treated with AMO) 204.60±13.54 ng/L. These results imply that in the response of the immune system to leukemia, there is an increased production of TNFalpha greater than in normal subjects. But at the onset of remission, the TNF-alpha level begins to reduce, hence showing an indication of response to treatment. CONCLUSION: his study has shown that aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera has anti-leukemic effect thus down regulating TNF-alpha activity as treatment of leukemia sets in.
Modeling global radiative effect of brown carbon: A larger heating source in the tropical free troposphere than black carbon

Abstract. Carbonaceous aerosols significantly affect global radiative forcing and climate through absorption and scattering of sunlight. Black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) are light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols. The direct radiative effect (DRE) of BrC is uncertain. A recent study suggests that BrC absorption is comparable to BC in the upper troposphere over biomass burning regions and that the resulting radiative heating tends to stabilize the atmosphere. Yet current climate models do not include proper physical and chemical treatments of BrC. In this study, we derived a BrC global biomass burning emission inventory on the basis of the Global Fire Emissions Database 4 (GFED4), developed a BrC module in the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5) of Community Earth System Model (CESM) model, and investigated the photo-bleaching effect and convective transport of BrC on the basis of Studies of Emissions, Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS) and Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry Project (DC-3) measurements. The model simulations of BC were also evaluated using HIAPER (High-Performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research) Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) measurements. We found that globally BrC is a significant absorber, the DRE of which is 0.10 W/m2, more than 25 % of BC DRE (+0.39 W/m2). Most significantly, model results indicated that BrC atmospheric heating in the tropical mid and upper troposphere is larger than that of BC. The source of tropical BrC is mainly from wildfires, which are more prevalent in the tropical regions than higher latitudes and release much more BrC relative to BC than industrial sources. While BC atmospheric heating is skewed towards northern mid-latitude lower atmosphere, BrC heating is more centered in the tropical free troposphere. The contribution of BrC heating to the Hadley circulation and latitudinal expansion of the tropics is comparable to BC heating.
Development & Application of Playing Cards Recognition Software Package

Based on the principle of Pattern Recognition, a Card Image Recognition software package is developed. During the process of recognition, the BP neural network and correlation methods are adopted, both of which have achieved satisfactory success rate. In order to demonstrate the implement of the m functions in the software package, 2 card recognition examples are given.
Skin permeation of hydrophobic drugs loaded into polymeric nanoparticles

Polymeric nanoparticles have been employed for topical pharmaceutical applications due to its capacity to carry drugs across the skin. Biocompatible polymers are extensively applied as coating nanoparticles allowing them to present controlled physical and chemical characteristics. The proposal of this work was to evaluate the skin permeation of polymeric nanoparticles loading hydrophobic drugs. The emulsion/diffusion process was applied to produce nanocapsules composed by poly(ε-caprolactone, PCL) and PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymers (Pluronic ® ), this process promotes the nanoencapsulation of drugs into oil core from pre-formed polymer precipitation. The organic phase was comprised of polymers (Pluronic F127 and PCL), oil, Nile red fluorophore, and hydrocortisone acetate as hydrophobic drug model, solubilized in ethyl acetate. The aqueous phase was comprised of distilled water saturated with ethyl acetate and Tween 20 surfactant. The organic phase was transferred into the aqueous phase under ultrahigh agitation (7,000 rpm), the emulsion formed was immediately transferred to a stirred reactor, the dilution phase (water and Tween ® 20) was added and then the solvent was extracted under vacuum pressure. The in vitro skin permeation of nanoparticles containing the fluorophore Nile red was evaluated by a vertical diffusion cell employing pig ear skin. The study covered the steps of preparation of animal membrane; monitoring the permeation into vertical diffusion vessel (Franz cell) up to 8 hours; preparation of histological sections into cryomicrotome; and visualization of fluorescence by confocal laser microscopy. It was possible to verify the location of polymeric nanoparticles containing the Nile red fluorophore encapsulated in presence or absence of hydrocortisone drug. It was observed that after two hours, the permeation of the particles was very low. However, for a more prolonged exposure (8 hours) was observed the deposition of the particles in the outer layers of the skin (stratum corneum and epidermis) as well as in hair follicles. These data show that the produced nanoparticles perform the delivery of the drug in the superficial skin layers, fulfilling the role of topical application.
Effect of in-vitro ruminal fermentation and HCL/pepsin digestion on loline

Loline, an alkaloid produced by Neotyphodium endophytes in pastoral grass species with potential antimicrobial properties, has several known derivatives; N-formyl loline (NFL), N-acetyl loline (NAL), N-acetyl norloline (NANL), N-methyl loline (NML), and loline base, though the availability and form during rumen fermentation and digestion is unclear. Festuca pratensis seeds either with (LOL) or without (NIL) lolines (150-200 μg/mL) were incubated in either sterile or viable rumen fluid or in either HCL/pepsin (pH 2) or water (pH 7). At 72 hours LOL in sterile rumen fluid had 23%, 26%, and 45% more NFL (P=0.05), NANL (P=0.04), and loline base (P=0.01) respectively, with 27% more total loline present (P=0.06), and 65% more NML (P=0.09) compared with LOL in viable rumen fluid. Loline tended to alter the fermentation pattern as NIL produced 11% more ammonia (P=0.07), and 5% less propionate (P=0.06) than LOL. In HCL/pepsin there were 38%, 49%, and 39% more total lolines (P=0.05), NANL (P=0.02), and NFL (P=0.04) respectively, compared with water. Rumen and abomasal digestion appear to have a small effect on loline’s form and concentration with only slight alteration to the rumen fermentation pattern. Presence of lolines had little evidence of an antimicrobial effect.
Classification Method of Texts Sentiment Based on Sentiment Word Attributes and Cloud Model

In the era of big data,how to obtain valid information from the Web becomes a keen topic for business,government,and research workers.User's opinion mining becomes a research topic for the area of Natural Language Processing(NLP) and text mining.However,due to the inherent fuzziness and randomness of language,as well as the traditional term weight value calculation method is not suitable for the sentiment word and other factors,the text sentiment classification accuracy is difficult to achieve the performance of traditional text subject classification.To solve these problems,this paper proposes a sentiment classification method based on sentiment word attributes and cloud model.It calculates weight of sentiment words by combining attributes and syntactic structure of sentiment words,and converts qualitative and quantitative of sentiment words based on cloud model.Experimental results show that this method to calculate weights of sentiment words is valid,and the recall rate is up to 78.8%. Text sentiment classification results are more accurate than that based on dictionary,the correction rate is up to 68.4%,and the accuracy is increased by about 9%.