Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Divergent Kinetics of Proliferating T Cell Subsets in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Infection: SIV Eliminates the “First Responder” CD4+ T Cells in Primary Infection

ABSTRACT Although increased lymphocyte turnover in chronic human immunodeficiency virus and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection has been reported in blood, there is little information on cell turnover in tissues, particularly in primary SIV infection. Here we examined the levels of proliferating T cell subsets in mucosal and peripheral lymphoid tissues of adult macaques throughout SIV infection. To specifically label cells in S-phase division, all animals were inoculated with bromodeoxyuridine 24 h prior to sampling. In healthy macaques, the highest levels of proliferating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were in blood and, to a lesser extent, in spleen. Substantial percentages of proliferating cells were also found in intestinal tissues, including the jejunum, ileum, and colon, but very few proliferating cells were detected in lymph nodes (axillary and mesenteric). Moreover, essentially all proliferating T cells in uninfected animals coexpressed CD95 and many coexpressed CCR5 in the tissues examined. Confocal microscopy also demonstrated that proliferating cells were substantial viral target cells for SIV infection and viral replication. After acute SIV infection, percentages of proliferating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were significantly higher in tissues of chronically infected macaques and macaques with AIDS than in those of the controls. Surprisingly, however, we found that proliferating CD4+ T cells were selectively decreased in very early infection (8 to 10 days postinoculation [dpi]). In contrast, levels of proliferating CD8+ T cells rapidly increased after SIV infection, peaked by 13 to 21 dpi, and thereafter remained significantly higher than those in the controls. Taken together, these findings suggest that SIV selectively infects and destroys dividing, nonspecific CD4+ T cells in acute infection, resulting in homeostatic changes and perhaps continuing loss of replication capacity to respond to nonspecific and, later, SIV-specific antigens.
Early Exit

parathyroid gland studies at necropsy in patients with these diseases. Tertiary hyperparathyroidism provides an opportunity to study the process of tumour formation in man, for the prolonged hypocalcaemic stimulus leads to hyperplasia, adenoma, and possibly to carcinoma. The situation is analagous to that occurring in other endocrine glands in which prolonged physiological stimuli eventually culminate in the development of benign and malignant tumours.
The effect of a post-activation annealing treatment on thin film cdte device performance

The cadmium chloride activation treatment of cadmium telluride solar cells is essential for producing high efficiency devices. The treatment has many effects but the most significant is the complete removal of stacking faults in the cadmium telluride grains and the diffusion of Chlorine along the grain boundaries of the device. Chlorine decorates all cadmium telluride and cadmium sulphide grain boundaries and also builds up along the CdTe/CdS junction. This paper reveals that by annealing devices to temperatures of 400°C to 480 °C for times ranging from 30 to 600 seconds in moderate vacuum results in the re-appearance of stacking faults and the removal of Choline from the grain boundaries. STEM analysis confirms the re-appearance of the stacking faults and SIMS and EDX confirm the removal of chlorine from the grain boundaries. This directly corresponds to a lowering in cell efficiency. The study provides further evidence that CdCl2 diffusion and certain microstructural defects directly affect the performance of cadmium telluride photovoltaic devices.
Ensemble detection model for profile injection attacks in collaborative recommender systems based on BP neural network

The existing supervised approaches suffer from low precision when detecting profile injection attacks. To solve this problem, the authors propose an ensemble detection model by introducing back propogation (BP) neural network and ensemble learning technique. Firstly, through combination of various attack types, they create base training sets which include various samples of attack profiles and have great diversities with each other. Secondly, they use the created base training sets to train BP neural networks to generate diverse base classifiers. Finally, they select parts of the base classifiers which have the highest precision on the validation dataset and integrate them using voting strategy. Uncorrelated misclassifications generated by each base classifier can be successfully corrected by the ensemble learning. The experimental results on two different scale of the real datasets MovieLens and Netflix show that the proposed model can effectively improve the precision under the condition of holding a high recall.
Multimedia streaming using multiple TCP connections

As broadband Internet becomes widely available, multimedia applications over the Internet become increasingly popular. However, packet loss, delay, and time-varying bandwidth of the Internet have remained the major problems for multimedia streaming applications. As such, a number of approaches, including network infrastructure and protocol, source and channel coding have been proposed to either overcome or alleviate these drawbacks of the Internet. In this paper, we propose the MultiTCP system, a receiver-driven, TCP-based system for multimedia streaming over the Internet. Our proposed algorithm aims at providing resilience against SHORT TERM insufficient bandwidth by using MULTIPLE TCP connections for the same application. Furthermore, our proposed system enables the application to achieve and control the desired sending rate during congested periods, which cannot be achieved using traditional TCP. Finally, our proposed system is implemented at the application layer, and hence, no kernel modification to TCP is necessary. We analyze the proposed system, and present simulation results to demonstrate its advantages over the traditional single TCP based approach.
Behavioral / Systems / Cognitive GABA Levels Are Low in Pons during REM Sleep

Deformation of the plasma membrane—an early event in endocytosis and protrusion—is often produced by proteins containing BAR domains. These domains form curved structures that interact electrostatically with membrane lipids, causing the membrane to curve. Many such proteins also interact with proteins involved in regulation of actin polymerization, and thus they help to coordinate cytoskeletal and membrane dynamics. WAVE1-associated Racactivating protein (WRP) interacts with proteins that facilitate actin remodeling and has an inverse BAR domain, suggesting it causes membrane protrusion. Carlson et al. found that in cultured neurons, WRP was localized to dendritic filopodia and in buds along dendrites from which filopodia later emerged. Overexpression of WRP increased filopodia density, whereas knock-out reduced filopodia density in cultures and reduced the percentage of mature-looking spines in vivo. Loss of WRP impaired performance on several long-term memory tasks, which may explain why WRP mutation has been linked to mental retardation in humans.
Approximation Algorithms for Independent Set via Semidefinite Programming Hierarchies and Randomized Rounding

In this literature review, we present two recent papers of Bansal, Gupta and Guruganesh in STOC 2015 and SODA 2015 on approximating the Independent Set problem on graphs with maximum degree d. We present proofs that a certain randomized rounding algorithm for the standard SDP relaxation yields a O(d log log d/ log d)-approximation, and that the integrality gap of this relaxation is Õ(d/ log d), where Õ(·) holds log log d factors. We also present algorithms using polylog(d) and d levels of the SA hierarchy to achieve approximations factors of O(d/ log d) and Õ(d/ log d), respectively.
[Influence of neonatal diseases and treatments on the development of cerebral palsy in preterm infant].

OBJECTIVE To investigated the risk factors of cerebral palsy development in preterm infants. METHODS This study included 203 preterm infants (gestation age < 37 weeks) diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP) and 220 preterm infants without cerebral palsy or any other severe neurological disorders during April 2005 to August 2011. The risk factors in the development of cerebral palsy, including the diseases of premature infants and the treatments in neonatal period, were analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Multivariate logistic analysis for the risk factors associated with cerebral palsy in neonatal period found significant differences in the occurrence of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL, OR = 39.87, P < 0.05), hypoxia-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE, OR = 4.24, P < 0.05), hypoglycemia of neonatal (OR = 2.18, P < 0.05), neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (OR = 1.72, P < 0.05), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP, OR = 0.21, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The factors including PLV, HIE, hypoglycemia, and neonatal jaundice may increase the risk in the development of CP in preterm infant, while CPAP may decrease the risk of cerebral palsy.
The Effects of Broadband Noise Masking on Cortical Event‐Related Potentials to Speech Sounds /ba/ and /da/

Objective: To systematically investigate in normal‐hearing listeners the effects of decreased audibility produced by broadband noise masking on the cortical event‐related potentials (ERPs) N1, N2, and P3 to the speech sounds /ba/ and/da/. Design: Ten normal‐hearing adult listeners actively (button‐press response) discriminated the speech sounds /ba/ and /da/ presented in quiet (no masking) or with broadband masking noise (BBN), using an ERP oddball paradigm. The BBN was presented at 50, 60, and 70 dB SPL when speech sounds were presented at 65 dB ppe SPL and at 60, 70 and, 80 dB SPL when speech sounds were presented at 80 dB ppe SPL. Results: On average, the 50, 60, 70, and 80 dB SPL BBN maskers produced behavioral threshold elevations of 18, 25, 35, and 48 dB (average for 250 to 4000 Hz), respectively. The BBN maskers produced significant decreases (relative to quiet condition) in ERP amplitudes and behavioral discriminability. These decreases did not occur, however, until the noise masker intensity (in dB SPL) was equal to or greater than the speech stimulus intensity (in dB ppe SPL), that is, until speech to noise ratios (SNRs) were ≤0 dB. N1 remained present even after N2, P3, and behavioral discriminability were absent. In contrast to amplitudes, ERP and behavioral latencies showed significant decreases at higher (better) SNRs. Significant latency increases occurred when the noise maskers were within 10 to 20 dB of the stimuli (i.e., SNR ≤ 20 dB). The effects of masking were greater for responses to /da/ compared with /ba/. Latency increases occurred with less masking for N1 than for P3 or behavioral reaction time, with N2 falling in between. Conclusions: These results indicate that decreased audibility as a result of masking affects the various ERP peaks in a differential manner and that latencies are more sensitive indicators of these masking effects than are amplitudes.
Low Mismatch Key Agreement Based on Wavelet-Transform Trend and Fuzzy Vault in Body Area Network

Body area network (BAN) is an emerging branch of wireless sensor networks for personalized applications in many fields, such as health monitoring. The services in BAN usually have a high requirement on security, especially for the medical diagnosis, which involves private information. With limitations of power and computation capabilities, one of the main challenges to ensure security in BAN is how to generate or distribute a shared key between nodes for lightweight symmetric cryptography. The current research almost exploits the randomness and distinctiveness (characteristics) of physiological signals to solve the key generation problem. However, it needs the help of additional hardware support and has the constraint on positions deployment, to acquire vital signals, which will bring the high cost and hardness to implementation of real system. To avoid the above problems, this paper presents a novel key generation scheme and a key distribution protocol, both of which are only based on wireless modules equipped on sensors. By exploiting the high correlation of received signal strength index (RSSI) between peer-to-peer communications, our scheme can provide a shared symmetric cryptographic key under the presence of an eavesdropper. We conduct experiments on the real Telosb nodes, and the results demonstrate that our proposed methods have a good performance on security.
Note on Carlberg and Seuter ( 2010 ) Dynamics of nuclear receptor target gene regulation ,

Ligand-regulated nuclear receptors, such as estrogen receptors, glucocorticoid receptor, vitamin D receptor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, belong to the most widely studied and best understood transcription factors. Therefore, the dynamic nature of transcriptional regulation was observed first with different members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, but is now also extended to other transcription factors, such as nuclear factor κB. Dynamic and in part cyclical processes were observed on the level of translocation into the nucleus, association with genomic binding sites, exchange of coregulators and chromatin modifiers, occurrence of chromatin marks, and activities of RNA polymerase II resulting in mRNA synthesis. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the dynamic regulation of nuclear receptor target genes in the chromatin context.
Computing Flows Around Microorganisms: Slender-Body Theory and Beyond

Abstract We present the mathematical framework that governs the interaction of a forcegenerating microorganism with a surrounding viscous fluid. We review slender-body theories that have been used to study flagellar motility, along with the method of regularized Stokeslets. We investigate the role of a dinoflagellate transverse flagellum as well as the flow structures near a choanoflagellate.
Improved activation schema on Automatic Clustering using Differential Evolution algorithm

Partitional Clustering is one of the major techniques in Unsupervised Learning in which similar data are put into the same partition. Besides partitioning the unlabeled data, determining the optimal number of partitions is also another main concern in the field of data clustering. Automatic Clustering Differential Evolution (ACDE) is one of the state-of-the-art algorithms that address this concern. In ACDE, the mechanism to determine the optimal number of clusters is by encoding the activation value of each cluster centroid into the chromosome with fixed threshold value. However, it could be argued that a fixed threshold value would be seen as arbitrary, but a varying and adaptive threshold value could yield a solution that would better reflect the quality of clusters. In this paper, a new changing schema of threshold values is introduced for adaptively activating the clusters in the chromosomes, and a heuristic approach is implemented for adjusting the threshold values of each cluster according to their individual quality measurements. The results of several experiments show that the proposed algorithm performed generally better than other state-of-the-art automatic evolutionary clustering algorithms.
Discriminative PLDA training with application-specific loss functions for speaker verification

Speaker verification systems are usually evaluated by a weighted average of its false acceptance (FA) rate and false rejection (FR) rate. The weights are known as the operating point (OP) and depend on the applications. Recent researches suggest that, for the purpose of score calibration of speaker verification systems, it is beneficial to let discriminative training emphasize on the operating points of interest, i.e., use application-specific loss functions. In score calibration, a transformation is applied to the scores in order to make them better represent likelihood ratios. The same application-specific training objective can be used in discriminative training of all parameters of a speaker verification system. In this study, we apply application-specific loss functions in discriminative PLDA training. We observe an improvement in the minimun detection cost function (minDCF) for the male trials of the NIST SRE10 telephone for the targeted operating point compared to the baseline, discriminative PLDA training with logistic regression loss.
ChuQL: processing XML with XQuery using Hadoop

Hadoop provides an economical tool for processing large amounts of data; its success has been fueled in part by features such as fault-tolerance and a simple processing model. The amount of XML used in scientific, government, and enterprise data has grown substantially. and there are several high-level languages developed for Hadoop that can process semi-structured data like XML. ChuQL is a recently proposed extension to XQuery for processing XML natively using Hadoop. The current implementation of ChuQL leverages an existing main-memory XQuery processor and faces two challenges; intermediate XML values growing larger than memory and huge quantities of output files. We describe two ChuQL constructs to overcome these limitations: using an iterator to process XML value sequences, and partitioning the job output. We give experimental evidence to help evaluate the tradeoffs when using these advanced ChuQL features.
OPTIMAL LOAD

Recent years, increasing trends on electrical supply demand, make us to search for the new alternative in supplying the electrical power. A study in micro grid system with embedded Distribution Generations (DGs) to the system is rapidly increasing. Micro grid system basically is design either operate in islanding mode or interconnect with the main grid system. In any condition, the system must have reliable power supply and operating at low transmission power loss. During the emergency state such as outages of power due to electrical or mechanical faults in the system, it is important for the system to shed any load in order to maintain the system stability and security. In order to reduce the transmission loss, it is very important to calculate best size of the DGs as well as to find the best positions in locating the DG itself. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been applied to find and calculate the load shedding priorities based on decision alternatives which have been made. The main objective of this project is to optimize the load shedding in the micro grid system with unlimited DG’s by applied optimization technique Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). The technique is used to optimize the placement and sizing of DGs, as well as to optimal the load shedding. Several load shedding schemes have been proposed and studied in this project such as load shedding with fixed priority index, without priority index and with dynamic priority index. The proposed technique was tested on the IEEE 69 Test Bus Distribution system.
Predicting the geodetic signature of MW ≥ 8 slow slip events

Elastic dislocation models of geodetic measurements above subduction zones have led to the identification of MW ≈ 6.0–7.2 slow slip events (SSEs) that release elastic strain over periods of days to months, but great (MW ≥ 8) SSEs have remained unidentified. We extrapolate observations of SSE duration and slip magnitude to show that slip velocity decreases with event magnitude and predict that the slip velocity of MW ≥ 8 SSEs is ≤50 mm/yr. The slip velocity for great SSEs may never exceed the plate convergence rate and thus never produce a reversal in trench perpendicular motion. Instead, geodetically constrained estimates of apparent partial elastic coupling on subduction zone interfaces worldwide may be direct observations of ongoing MW ≥ 8 silent earthquakes with durations of decades to centuries.
Human primary bronchial epithelial cells respond differently to titanium dioxide nanoparticles than the lung epithelial cell lines A549 and BEAS-2B

Abstract We have compared the cellular uptake and responses of five preparations of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO2) between normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and epithelial cell lines (A549 and BEAS-2B). The P25 nanoparticles, containing both anatase and rutile modifications, induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and secretion of the neutrophil chemoattractant IL-8 in all three cell types used. Pure anatase and rutile particles provoked differential IL-8 response in A549 and no response in BEAS-2B cells despite similar formation of ROS. The pure TiO2 modifications also provoked release of the inflammatory mediators: IL-6, G-CSF and VEGF, in NHBE cells but not in the two cell lines. We conclude that the responsiveness of lung epithelial cells is strongly dependent on both the physicochemical properties of TiO2 nanoparticles and the type of responder cells. The differential pro-inflammatory responsiveness of primary lung epithelial cells compared with immortalized cell lines should be considered in the assessment of adverse reactions to inhaled nanoparticles.
Performance estimation of photonic crystal based butterworth filter at higher temperature due to joule heat dissipation

In this paper, effect of temperature due to Joule heat dissipation in the optoelectronic circuit on the transmittivity and ripple in passband of the optical filter is analytically computed for normal incidence of electromagnetic wave. The filter is made by photonic crystal with semiconductor heterostructure as the unit of periodic structure, and transfer matrix technique is used to determine the transmittivity of the filter around 1550 nm. Result suggests that external temperature has a great influence on the ripple in the desired passband as well as the structural parameters; and hence performance of this type of filter will greatly depend on the circuit conditions. However, bandwidth of the device remains unaffected in the temperature range considered. Results are useful for utilizing the device in all-optical integrated circuit and also to fabricate Bragg grating based sensor.
Effect of Herbal Medicine Supplementations (Arsilvon Super, Bedgen40 and Hepa-cure Herbal Medicines) on Growth Performance, Immunity and Haematological Profile in Broilers

The experiment was conducted at Poultry Research center University of Agriculture Faisalabad to evaluate the Arsilvon super, Bedgen40 and Hepa-Cure herbal medicines on broiler performance, immunity and hematology. For this study one hundred eighty day old broiler chicks were purchased from local hatchery and were reared in a group for one week. After one week, one hundred twenty broiler chicks of middle weight range were picked up randomly and divided into 12 experimental units (10 chicks/each). These units were allotted to 4 groups A, B, C, and D such that A group served as control without any supplementation, group B was supplemented with Arsilvon super @1ml/L, group C was supplemented with Bedgen40 @ 0.5ml/4L, and D was supplemented with Hepa-cure @ 1ml/L in drinking water. Supplementation of herbal medicine exhibited significant (P 0.05). Supplementation of herbal medicines showed significant treatment effect against the Newcastle disease but non-significant effect against the Infectious bursal disease. Herbal medicines revealed significant effects on blood glucose and red blood cells, but showed non-significant effect on cholesterol, hemoglobin, white blood cells and packed cell volume. In conclusion, herbal medicine supplementations in broiler revealed positive effect on performance, immunity and hematological parameters.