Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hybrid cellular automaton – agent-based model of informal peripheral development in Latin American Cities

The study of the complex dynamics that engage urban form presents powerful instruments to understand the driving forces of contemporary urban development. This research intends to test traditional urban growth tendencies against informal development mechanisms and decision-making behaviors of competition in geosimulated environments. The empirical objectives are the investigation of the morphological patterns of peripheral poverty and its interactions with urban form, in which accessibility has played important parts sided by informal processes from Latin-American contemporary cities. The paper will present a theoretical review of agent-based models in cellular environments stressing urban growth and decision-making processes as basis for a proposal of a hybrid agent-based model in cellular space. The contemplated model expands the cellular automata approaches by including the interpretation of the model’s landscape by heterogeneous collective agents that settle and promote growth in competitive dynamics according to preferences and hierarchy. The expected result is an urban development intensities landscape, natural features and agent-types concentration, which should allow one to analyze urban form expansion and fragmentation, socioeconomic segregation and urban policies effects. This work succeeds the research by the LabUrb/UFPEL based on the CityCell modelling framework, which has yielded insights on the linkages between urban morphology, social and environmental attributes through emergent urban phenomena simulation focused on temporal and spatial dynamics.
Myth or Medicine?

4. Sugars These are derived from the mucilage layer of the plant which surrounds the inner gel. and are known as mucopolysaccharides, which enhance the immune system and help to detoxify. Aloe Vera contains both mono and polysaccharides, but the most important are the long chain sugars involving glucose and mannose or the gluco-mannans which I have already referred to. These sugars are ingested whole from the gut, not broken down like other sugars, and appear in the bloodstream in exactly the same form. This process is known as pinocytosis. Once in the blood stream they are able to exert their immuno-regulating effect. Some of these polysaccharides are not absorbed but stick to certain cells lining the gut and form a barrier preventing absorption of unwanted material so helping to prevent a "leaking" gut syndrome. In topical preparations the sugars are also the main moisturisers.
Academic Procrastination among Adolescents and its Implication on Guidance and Counseling

Procrastination is an entrenched phenomenon among adolescents. Furthermore, academic procrastination is an individual’s tendency to postpone tasks due to a lack of motivation, self-regulation, and ability. This study, therefore, aims to obtain the prevalence of academic procrastination and its implications for guidance and counseling. Data were descriptively collected from a sample of 574 high school students on their academic procrastination scale and analyzed using the described method (mean and standard deviation). The results showed 45%, 5%, 42%, and 8% of the students often, always, rarely, and occasionally participated in academic procrastination, respectively. These findings indicate that the main focus of school personnel is to improve students’ academic procrastination to achieve success.
Analysis of Wine Aroma by Direct Injection in Gas Chromatography without Previous Extraction

A method is proposed which allows the direct gas chromatographic analysis of real-life samples of wine (i.e., without the need of preliminary sample preparation) just by using a programmed temperature vaporizer injector operated in a modified solvent elimination mode. The procedure presented is ecologically beneficial as no solvent is required for its performance; it is not expensive since it does not demand a special methodology; and it might be used as a quick screening in several fields. A comparison of the proposed method with other isolation techniques (i.e., continuous liquid-liquid extraction and simultaneous distillation-extraction) usually employed for the concentration of volatile components is also included
Machine Learning Algorithms for Classification of Various Stages of Alzheimer's Disease: A review

: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an incurable chronic disorder that leads to cerebral atrophy resulting in memory impairment and cognitive dysfunction. Machine learning techniques are extensively used in various medical fields. There has been considerable research for the classification of Alzheimer's disease. In this paper, we have reviewed various papers by different researchers that use different machine learning techniques, in order, to provide a better understanding of the work that has been done in the field of Alzheimer’s disease. The sole purpose of doing so is to evaluate more effective and coherent learning techniques for the classification of Alzheimer’s Disease. Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and Deep Learning (DL) are the main machine learning techniques that are scrutinized.
Studies on the Effects of Media on Growth and Nutritional Composition of Pleurotus Tuber-regium (Fries) Singer Mushroom

The effects of different solutions and media on growth and nutrient composition of Pleurotus tuber-regium were investigated. The different solutions used are glucose, fructose, sucrose and Knop\'s solutions. The media used are cassava agar, cocoyam agar, corn agar, potato agar and yam agar. Glucose solution produced the highest growth in stipe height (9.50 ± 0.91cm), stipe diameter (4.46 ± 0.59cm) and pileus diameter (9.50 ± 0.59 cm). Knop\'s solution induced the least stipe diameter (7.20 ± 0.59cm) while sucrose produced the least stipe diameter (3.90±0.54cm) and pileus diameter (7.50 ± 0.95cm). Analyses of nutrient composition (%) showed that fructose solution induced the highest protein (13.6±0.99%) and fibre (15.6±0.36%) contents. The highest oil (15.0±0.17%) content was induced by glucose solution but it also induced the least protein (3.06 ± 0.09%) content. The best diametric mycelial extension (1.64cm±0.087), wet (1.105± 0.054g) and dry (0.768±0.008g) weights were observed on cocoyam agar. The least diametric mycelial extensions of 1.26± 0.087 and 1.33 ± 0.087cm were produced on corn agar and potato agar, respectively. Corn agar gave the least wet (0.845 ± 0.084g) and dry (0.74 ± 0.008g) weights. Keywords : Pleurotus tuber-regium, Growth, Nutritional composition, Sclerotium, Mushroom Bio-Research Vol. 6 (2) 2008: pp. 355-358
AIDA-C: Analog IC Design Optimization Embedding NGSpice as the Evaluation Engine

Two distinct approaches can be followed when automatizing analog IC sizing: knowledge-based or optimizationbased. The latter is subdivided into two categories: equation-based and simulation-based. Simulation-based sizing uses a circuit simulator as evaluation engine, which is the case of AIDA-C, an Analog Integrated Circuit Design Automation environment. The work developed throughout this paper aims at integrating an open source circuits simulator, namely the NGSpice, into AIDA, which currently uses ELDO as its simulation engine. Multiple netlists were run in NGSpice in order to check which simulation commands should be invoked, to guarantee that the corresponding outputs match with ELDO’s outputs. Integrating NGSpice into AIDA required the development of an interface, since the latter has a specific input format which is not compatible with NGSpice’s output. This interface is written in Python and is able to run multiple netlists in parallel. The parallelism allows to increase the interface performance, which had to overcome NGSpice limitations, particularly when running corners. The results obtained were analysed statistically, where 95% confidence intervals for the relative errors of each performance measure were obtained, proving that NGSpice can be AIDA’s simulation engine. AIDA’s outputs always differ among optimizations, even using the same simulator, due to the algorithm used, which is based on a stochastic process. Taking this into account, to fairly compare both simulators the points simulated in ELDO were then simulated in NGSpice, and vice-versa. Keywords—Electronic Design Automation, Computer Aided Design, Sizing Optimization, Open source circuits simulator, Corners.
Analysis of macronutrient composition of binge-eating episodes in a non- clinical normal weight sample

Atypical eating habits, especially stress-induced eating, has become more common even in the normal population. Lifetime prevalence rates of people suffering from binge eating disorder (BED) have been, according to DSM-5 criteria, proposed to rise enormously (2.9% in women; 3.0% in men; [1). Binge eating is primarily characterized by frequent binge eating episodes defined as “(.) eating, in a discrete period of time, an amount of food that is definitely larger than what most people would eat during a similar period of time under similar circumstances (.)” as well as “(.) a sense of lack of control over eating during the episode” [2]. Although atypical eating behavior is the key symptom of the disorder, there are only a few studies concerning quality, quantity and especially the macronutrient composition of binge episodes. In contrast to bulimia nervosa, there are only a few and mainly laboratory studies focusing on food consumption during a binge episode in BED. Fitzgibbon and Blackman [3] compared the composition of binges of binge eaters with those of bulimic individuals. They found a higher consumption of snacks and desserts in subjects with BED as well as a higher intake of fat, less consumption of proteins and a comparable intake of carbohydrates. Concerning quality and quantity of binge episodes in non-purging subjects, Rossiter et al. [4] reported the mean duration of a binge to be about 38 minutes. Total energy intake on binge days was about 2400 kilocalories compared to 1500 kilocalories per day on non-binge days. Beyond that, a significantly lower consumption of proteins on binge days could be observed [4]. Other findings suggest a significantly higher energy intake of obese individuals on binge days than of the non-binge obese control Abstract
The Hall mobility and thermoelectric power of p-type lead telluride

A two-valence-band model and the theory of transport in semiconductors with non-parabolic bands have been used to explain the carrier concentration dependence of the room-temperature thermoelectric power and below-room-temperature Hall mobility of undoped and Na-doped PbTe. It was assumed that the scattering is by lattice acoustical phonons. First-order non-parabolicity of the principal valence band can account for the low thermoelectric power of high carrier density material. The Hall mobility has been explained without having unusual temperature and carrier-concentration-dependent effective masses. Band parameters of the simple model were calculated.
A review of marine anthropogenic CO2 definitions: introducing a thermodynamic approach based on observations

A review of existing methods that define anthropogenic CO2 as deduced from total inorganic carbon is presented. A refined approach to define anthropogenic CO2 is introduced that has a stronger thermodynamic orientation than current methods, and is based on a back-calculation technique by Chen and Millero and Poisson and Chen. Anthropogenic CO2 results of the new technique are compared with results from the original technique as well as with results of the technique of Gruber et al. The new technique is furthermore applied to three time-separated data sets in the subpolar North Atlantic and shows consistent results with regard to available data quality and anthropogenic CO2 quantities. The difference between the new thermodynamic approach and the anthropogenic CO2 definition of Gruber et al., which is termed mechanistic, is discussed. Here likely changes in the CO2 solubility pump are a thermodynamic property of this definition, whereas it is a separate phenomenon in the mechanistic definition. The thermodynamic approach is not without caveats, but points to improvements by the synergistic use of model results and those from observations. Future improvements are considered for the initial saturation state of oxygen and CO2, at the instant the surface water loses contact with the atmosphere and for variations in the Redfield ratio.
CHAKRAVARTHI RAM- PRASAD

This paper uses a type of social scientific data, obtained by semi-structured interviewing, to investigate the extent to which and the ways in which corpus linguistics methods contribute to research in the field of Religious Studies, and in the humanities and social sciences at large. The corpus consists of 73 interviews (357,788 words) with minority communities living in the UK, from various religious (Muslims, Hindus and Christians), ethnic and cultural backgrounds. All interviewees had a strong religious identity and were considered to be well-integrated into British society; either economically, socially, or both. These interviews were conducted in 2005 as part of a government-commissioned study broadly oriented to policy-makers, but located within the disciplinary approach of Religious Studies. Here, we examine how the various communities perceived the role played by their religious faith in the process of establishing themselves in Britain. The analysis seeks to identify common patterns of self-representation, that is, discourse patterns that contribute to the collective representation of each group, focussing on patterns cutting across groups. The major contribution of this paper is to assess how corpus linguistics methods can complement, refine and offer new insights to the type of discourse analysis currently established within the humanities. At the same time, we seek to test the limits of corpus methods, given the data might not be either qualitatively or quantitatively apt in all respects for corpus techniques.
Cubic-Quintic Duffing Oscillators

Duffing oscillators comprise one of the canonical examples of Hamilton systems. However, simple generalizations of such oscillators, such as cubic-quintic Duffing oscillators, have not been studied as extensively. The presence of a quintic term makes the cubic-quintic Duffing oscillator more complex and interesting to study. In this work, we extend the techniques used to investigate Duffing oscillators to cubic-quintic Duffing oscillators. We employ perturbative analytical techniques such as the method of averaging and Lindstedt’s method to analyze the forced, damped cubic-quintic Duffing oscillator. In particular, we derive approximate periodic solutions and period-amplitude relations. We also illustrate our analytical investigations with extensive numerical simulations of phase portraits and Poincaré maps of the unforced cubic-quintic Duffing oscillator, the forced cubic-quintic Duffing oscillator with a single sinusoidal forcing term, and the forced cubic-quintic Duffing oscillator with two sinusoidal forcing terms. Varying the parameters of these Duffing oscillators produces a variety of interesting dynamics. For example, the periodic behavior characteristic of the unforced cubic-quintic Duffing equation is no longer evident in some cases.
Clinical research mentorship programme (CRMP) for radiation oncology residents in Africa—building capacity through mentoring

Research skills are mandatory for all oncology residency training programmes. Creating the environment to foster skills and passion can be a challenge in all settings, and a unique challenge in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Tremendous clinical workload places exceptional demand on clinician teachers, research infrastructure and access to research collaborators with diverse methodological skill sets can be limited. International collaborations, and in particular relationship partnerships (Whitehead et al ((2018) Acad Med 93 1760–1763)) can be a useful approach to bridge resource gaps and enrich the support available to trainees (Research EoH ((2014) TDR/ESSENCE/2.14)). The Clinical Research Mentorship Programme (CRMP) is a collaborative initiative created by the University of Toronto Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, delivered in collaboration with LMIC radiation oncology residency programmes with the primary goal of enriching the research experience of LMIC oncology trainees. It was inspired by observing a need, an enthusiasm to collaborate and some seed funding that supported the idea. At the heart of the programme is a formalised relationship, a triad, between a LMIC oncology trainee, their local supervisor and a mentor from Toronto. Within the collaborative environment created between the LMIC and high income country (HIC) institutions, enabled by remote learning technologies, a 12-week research methods seminar kick starts a year-long mentorship for the trainee on their research question. The goal is to enrich the quality of the research experience for the trainee, resulting in dissemination of research findings in international conferences and publications. A standard evaluation package is used (Vuple et al ((2021) 6 919–928)). In this paper, through a description of our collaboration, we will highlight how a distant mentorship programme was used to enhance clinical research mentorship skills for radiation oncology trainees in Africa. We hope the format we have chosen will continue to demonstrate effectiveness for our trainees, sustainability for our faculty and institutions and will serve as one mechanism to build radiation capacity for LMIC through collaboration, mentorship and research.
Judicious distribution of laser emitters to shape the desired far-field patterns

The far-field pattern of a simple one-dimensional laser array of emitters radiating into free space is considered. In the course of investigating the inverse problem for their near fields leading to a target beam form, surprisingly, we found that the result is successful when the matrix of the corresponding linear system is not well scaled. The essence of our numerical observations is captured by an elegant inequality defining the functional range of the optical distance between two neighboring emitters. Our finding can restrict substantially the parametric space of integrated photonic systems and simplify significantly the subsequent optimizations.
AUTOMATED COLORIMETRIC IMMUNOASSAY MICROSYSTEM FOR CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS

An automated colorimetric immunoassay microsystem has been developed for the application of clinical diagnostics. The system can perform sandwich immunoassay around 1 hour automatically. The system consists of a motorized syringe pump, a motorized valve, and a microfluidic chip. The detection method is based on colorimetric immunoassay, which utilizes gold nanoparticle indication and gold enhancement amplification. The immunoassay result can be represented by color intensity and observed by a regular camera or even the naked eye in the microfluidic chip. An example of the sandwich immunoassay has been demonstrated using this automated microsystem. The analyte concentration ranging from 0.5 to 160 ng/ml can be detected quantitatively, and the detection limit is 0.5 ng/ml. Since the detection method is simple, low cost, and can be miniaturized, the proposed system has the potential to be developed to clinical diagnostic equipment.
Syndication to Overcome Long Distances? Evidence from a Worldwide Private Equity Deals’ Dataset

Using a new dataset on worldwide private equity deals we show that physical distance considerably shapes the geographical investment patterns of these investors. However, the negative impact of long distances on private equity investors’ funding decisions may be mitigated when far away investors syndicate with local partners from the recipients’ countries. In particular, inexperienced distant private equity financiers might profit from the know-how and local presence of veteran investors when they do joint deals. Syndication between foreign and local investors seems to be particularly strong in countries with developed local private equity industries. Moreover, we demonstrate that small deals are more strongly discouraged by long distances than large ones.
Non-determinism in nowadays computing and IT

Once-upon-a time computers and computations they delivered were considered ultimately deterministic. But currently we encounter random events, i.e. non-determinism in many areas of computation practice: non-determinism introduced by network latency, inherently non-deterministic computations with ‘big data’ and ‘deep learning’ where the results are probability distributions with errors, which also are probability distributions and both depend on initial selection of samples etc. For IT education one of the most disturbing sources of non-determinism and non-repeatability of previous examples comes from massive use of libraries and API-s (Application Programming Interface), which has made common the ‘top-down’ style of programming and negligence to practical issues - finiteness of computer memory and speed. Significance of the classical source of knowledge - printed hard-cover books - is diminishing, since by the time books are out of print there are already new versions of programs, new protocols, new technologies and libraries, and these new versions often do not work with old ones. The most relevant source of information has become Internet. But Internet is full of useless sources, since ‘Internet never forgets’ - together with sources describing latest program versions, libraries, technologies etc. there are still around tens of publications which use some by now already outdated program versions, libraries, technologies. Students, who are eager to perform well in the next recruiting interview are spending many evenings trying to swim in this swamp of non-deterministic mess, where most of presented examples are not repeatable. And the situation is becoming worse, since many of authors e.g. YouTube videos do not want to teach, but to earn using Google AdSense.
HYBRID PREDICTIVE CONTROL WITH A PRESCRIBED DEGREE OF STABILITY

In this paper we will consider one class of hybrid controllers. Such a control strategy is a mix of continuous dynamics and discrete events philosophy. Here we consider a finite set of model predictive controllers (MPC) which is the only advanced control technique to have had a significant and widespread impact on industrial process control. There are several advantages for wide acceptance of MPC: guaranteed stability, constraints handling and easy extension to multivariable and nonlinear systems. In this paper we add one more important property: significant increasing of transient performance. Proposed controllers, also, have prescribed degree of stability as a tuning parameter.