Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A first detailed look at the Greenland lithosphere and upper mantle, using Rayleigh wave tomography

We present the results of a surface wave study carried out across Greenland as part of the ‘GLATIS’ (Greenland Lithosphere Analysed Teleseismically on the Ice Sheet) project. Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion curves were estimated for 45 two‐station paths across Greenland, using data from large teleseismic earthquakes. The individual dispersion curves show characteristics broadly consistent with those of continental shields worldwide, but with significant differences across the Greenland landmass. Reliable phase velocity measurements were made over a period range of 25–160 s, providing constraint on mantle structure to a depth of ∼300 km. An isotropic tomographic inversion was used to combine the phase velocity information from the dispersion curves, in order to calculate phase velocity maps for Greenland at several different periods. The greatest lateral variation in phase velocity is observed at intermediate periods (∼50–80 s), where a high‐velocity anomaly is resolved beneath central‐southwestern Greenland, and a low‐velocity anomaly is resolved beneath southeastern Greenland. The results of the phase velocity inversion were used to construct localized dispersion curves for node points along two parallel north–south profiles in southern Greenland. These curves were inverted to obtain models of shear wave velocity structure as a function of depth, again with the assumption of isotropic structure. A similar inversion was carried out for two two‐station dispersion curves in northern Greenland, where the resolution of the phase velocity maps is relatively low. The models show a high‐velocity ‘lid’ structure overlying a zone of lower velocity, beneath which the velocity gradually increases with depth. The ‘lid’ structure is interpreted as the continental lithosphere. Within the lithosphere, the shear wave velocity is ∼4–12 per cent above global reference models, with the highest velocities beneath central‐southwestern Greenland. However, the assumption of isotropic structure means that the maximum velocity perturbation may be overestimated by a few per cent. The lithospheric thickness varies from ∼100 km close to the southeast coast of Greenland to ∼180 km beneath central‐southern Greenland.
Elements in Z ∗ p \ G q are Dangerous Douglas Wikström

A subgroup Gq, of prime order q, for which the discrete logarithm problem is assumed hard is mostly a subgroup of a larger group, e.g. Zp for some prime p = κq + 1. Arithmetic for Gq is not implemented directly. Instead, arithmetic for the larger group, e.g. Zp, is implemented, which gives arithmetic also for Gq. Furthermore, in most protocols based on arithmetic in Gq the participants do not verify their input properly. They only verify that inputs are in Zp, even when they should verify that the inputs are in Gq. This practice sometimes allows the adversary to hand inputs from Zp\Gq to honest participants without detection. Surprisingly, this seems to be a novel observation. In this paper we discuss the general problem further, introduce a novel class of attacks based on the above observations, and outline an generic recipe for how to counter the attacks efficiently. To illustrate both the attacks and the countermeasures we provide examples of protocols that are vulnerable to the novel attacks, and show how they may be modified to counter the attacks. In particular we present attacks on the robustness for the majority of the El Gamal based mix-nets in the literature, and an attack on the privacy for the generic mix-net based on the proof of knowledge of correct shuffle of Furukawa and Sako [9].
Spin dynamic simulations of solid effect DNP: the role of the relaxation superoperator

Relaxation plays a crucial role in the spin dynamics of dynamic nuclear polarisation. We review here two different strategies that have recently been used to incorporate relaxation in models to predict the spin dynamics of solid effect dynamic nuclear polarisation. A detailed explanation is provided on how the Lindblad–Kossakowski form of the master equation can be used to describe relaxation in a spin system. Fluctuations of the spin interactions with the environment as a cause of relaxation are discussed and it is demonstrated how the relaxation superoperator acting in Liouville space on the density operator can be derived in the Lindblad–Kossakowski form by averaging out non-secular terms in an appropriate interaction frame. Furthermore we provide a formalism for the derivation of the relaxation superoperator starting with a choice of a basis set in Hilbert space. We show that the differences in the prediction of the nuclear polarisation dynamics that are found for certain parameter choices arise from the use of different interaction frames in the two different strategies. In addition, we provide a summary of different relaxation mechanisms that need to be considered to obtain more realistic spin dynamic simulations of solid effect dynamic nuclear polarisation.
DUAL-WIDEBAND BANDPASS FILTER USING OPEN AND SHORTED STUBS LOADED RING RESONATOR

This letter presents a dual-wideband bandpass filter (BPF) by using open and shorted stubs loaded ring resonator. The resonator can excite multiple resonant modes. The transmission zeros (TZs) analyzed by the transversal signal interference concepts can divide the resonant modes into two groups that form dual-wide passband. The even-mode resonant frequencies can be controlled by the stubs parameters, and the TZs can be tuned by the port angle independently. So the center frequency (CF) and the bandwidth of each passband can be flexibly controlled. An experimental dual-wideband BPF with CF of 1.48/5.7 GHz and 3dB FBW of 137.8%/49.3% is implemented, and the experimental results are presented for validation.
Evidence for geographic substructuring of mtDNA variation in the East European Hermit beetle (Osmoderma barnabita)

The genus Osmoderma is a flagship taxon of invertebrate conservation in Europe and encompasses a complex of four accepted species. While species limits amongst Osmoderma have been intensively studied, patterns of intraspecific variation are poorly known. In this paper, the authors focus on clarifying the phylogeographic structure of the East European Osmoderma barnabita using samples from Croatia to Finland. Samples of hind legs were collected from populations in Latvia and Finland (n=186) and combined with previously-published sequences from GenBank and museum specimens (n=10). In a partial sequence of the mitochondrial COI gene (759 bp), 26 closely related haplotypes were found. Beetle samples from different parts of Europe were distinct and showed no overlap in haplotype composition. The solitary population of Finland proved to be monomorphic and all 97 individuals sampled here belonged to a single haplotype unique to this region. The results suggest the Northern parts of Eastern Europe to be dominated * These authors contributed equally to this work. Nature Conservation 19: 171–189 (2017) doi: 10.3897/natureconservation.19. 12877 http://natureconservation.pensoft. net Copyright Matti Landvik et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. RESEARCH ARTICLE Launched to accelerate biodiversity conservation A peer-reviewed open-access journal
Nonlinear quality function deployment: An experimental analysis

Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a common model to frontload engineering design activities with, linking the characteristics of a product vs. the voice of the customer using linear relationships. This approximation is often claimed to be misleading when dealing with the design of complex engineering systems. The paper presents the results of experimental activities aimed at verifying usability and effectiveness of nonlinear functions as extension of the QFD logic. A total of 40 experiments was conducted in a given design episode, involving 139 participants, to analyse the trade-off between the benefit of introducing nonlinearity vs. effort and cost triggered by increased complexity in the modelling. The results show that nonlinear functions, while improving the granularity of the QFD mapping, keeps the method simple enough to work as ‘boundary object’ in cross-functional design teams, irrespectively from the experience of design team members. The experiments also highlight how users’ cognitive attention in the task is dependent from the format by which nonlinear merit functions are presented.
Framework to Extract a Topic Map from a Set of Web

We propose a framework to extract topic maps from a set of Web pages. We use the clustering method with the Web pages and extract the topic map prototypes. We introduced the following two points to the existing clustering method: The first is merging only the linked Web pages, thus extracting the underlying relationships between the topics. The second is introducing weighting based on similarity from the contents of the Web pages and relevance between topics of pages. The relevance is based on the types of links with directories in Web sites structure and the distance between the directories in which the pages are located. We generate the topic map prototypes from the results of the clustering. Finally, users complete the prototype by labeling the topics and associations and removing the unnecessary items. For this paper, at the first step, we mounted the proposed clustering method and extracted the prototype with the method.
Effects of geographical extent on the determinants of woody plant diversity

Despite a long history of study, the mechanisms underlying the geographical patterns of species richness are still controversial. Patterns and determinants of species richness are well-known to vary with spatial scale. However, most studies on the effects of scale have focused on grain size whereas the quantitative effects of geographical extent are rarely tested. Here, using distribution maps of 11 405 woody species found in China and associated environmental data to the domain, we investigated the influence of geographical extent on the determinants of species richness patterns. Our results revealed consistent extent dependence of all species, narrow- and wide-ranged species: with the expansion of geographical extents, the explanatory power of climate (i.e. environmental energy, water availability and climatic seasonality) increased, while the explanatory power of habitat heterogeneity and human activities decreased. Although the primary determinant of species richness patterns varied significantly at small to meso-geographical extent, we showed that species richness was predominantly determined by environmental energy at large extent. Our findings indicate that differences in geographical extent may have led to the controversies regarding the primary determinants of richness patterns in previous studies, and that a multi-scale perspective not only with regard to grain-size but also extent is likely to shed new light on this old debate of what determines richness patterns.
Finding needles in a genomic haystack : targeted capture identifies clear signatures of selection in a non-model plant species Running title : Targeted capture for identifying selection

This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/mec.13750 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Received Date : 31-Jan-2016 Revised Date : 27-Jun-2016 Accepted Date : 06-Jul-2016 Article type : Original Article
Ontologies and Information Extraction International Workshop held as part of the : Summer School on Semantic Web and Language Technologies Organized by Amalia Todirascu Vincenzo Pallotta

This article presents an automatic information extraction method from poor quality specific-domain corpora. This method is based on building a semi-formal ontology in order to model information present in the corpus and its relation. This approach takes place in four steps: corpus normalization by a correcting process, ontology building from texts and external knowledge, model formalization in grammar and the information extraction itself, which is made by a tagging process using grammar rules. After a description of the different stages of our method, experimentation on a French bank corpus is presented.
The Cost of Address Translation Extended

Modern computers are not random access machines (RAMs). They have a memory hierarchy, multiple cores, and virtual memory. In this paper, we address the computational cost of address translation in virtual memory. Starting point for our work is the observation that the analysis of some simple algorithms (random scan of an array, binary search, heapsort) in either the RAM model or the EM model (external memory model) does not correctly predict growth rates of actual running times. We propose the VAT model (virtual address translation) to account for the cost of address translations and analyze the algorithms mentioned above and others in the model. The predictions agree with the measurements. We also analyze the VAT-cost of cacheoblivious algorithms.
No . 2 2011 , 117-123 TOPOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF THE HARMONIC OSCILLATOR

We present a derivation of the canonical energy spectrum of the harmonic oscillator by using the approach of topological quantization. The topological spectrum is derived by analyzing the Euler characteristic class of a particular principal fiber bundle in which the base space corresponds to the configuration manifold, equipped with a Jacobi metric, and the standard fiber is represented by the rotation group. The resulting topological spectrum is shown to be equivalent to the energy spectrum following from the application of the standard procedure of canonical quantization. AMS Subject Classification: 46L65, 81S99
Preliminary Study of Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Physalis Alkekengi Against Staphylococcus Aureus.

Summary The increasing rate of development of resistance to commonly use antibiotics have led to search for newer, more effective, affordable and easily available drugs. Physalis alkekengi is an important medicinal plant belonging to the family of Solanaceae. It is a well recognized plant in the traditional medicine and was used by people in rural areas. In the present investigation, after phytochemical screening of Physalis alkekengi through standard experimental procedure, antibacterial properties of this plant were studied. The antibacterial activity of Physalis alkekengi against standard (ATCC 25923) and hospital isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus from novobiocin treatment patients were evaluated using disc diffusion method. The inhibitory effects of this extracts were compared with standard antibiotic, novobiocin. Phytochemical screening of Physalis alkekengi revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoides and glycosides. The ethanolic extract showed inhibitory activity against S. aureus more than aqueous extract and this effect was dose dependent manner. Results indicated that 5 mg/mL fruits ethanolic extract have a similar inhibitory effect with novobiocin against standard strain. We suggest one of the chemical components that exist in ethanolic extract such as alkaloids, flavonoides and glycosides can have a powerful antibacterial effect even more than novobiocin, especially against hospital isolated strains. The study scientifically validates the use of plant materials in traditional medicine.
alpine Permian salt deposit , classification of Halobacterium sp . NRC-1 as a strain of H . salinarum and emended description of H

Two rod-shaped haloarchaeal strains, A1 and A2, were isolated from a bore core from a salt mine in Austria. The deposition of the salt is thought to have occurred during the Permian period (225–280 million years ago). The 16S rDNA sequences of the strains were 97.1% similar to that of the type species of the genus Halobacterium, which was also determined in this work. Polar lipids consisted of C20–C20 derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol, methylated phosphatidylglycerol phosphate, phosphatidylglycerol sulfate, triglycosyl diether and sulfated tetraglycosyl diether. Optimal salinity for growth was 15–17.5% NaCl; Mg was tolerated up to a concentration of 1 M. The DNA–DNA reassociation value of strain A1 was 25% with H. salinarum DSM 3754 and 41% with Halobacterium sp. NRC-1, respectively. Based on these results and other properties, e.g. whole cell protein patterns, menaquinone content and restriction patterns of DNA, strains A1 and A2 are members of a single species, for which we propose the nameH. noricense. The type strain is A1 (DSM 15987, ATCC BAA-852, NCIMB 13967). Since we present evidence that Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 is a member of H. salinarum, an emended description of H. salinarum is provided.
progenitor cell production Inflammatory signaling regulates embryonic hematopoietic stem and Material

Material Supplemental http://genesdev.cshlp. org/content/suppl/2014/11/12/gad.253302. 114.DC1. html P<P Published online November 13, 2014 in advance of the print journal. License Commons Creative . http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ at Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International), as described ). After six months, it is available under a http://genesdev.cshlp. org/site/misc/terms.xhtml six months after the full-issue publication date (see This article is distributed exclusively by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the first
Constant Proportion Debt Obligations (CPDOs): modeling and risk analysis

Constant Proportion Debt Obligations (CPDOs) are structured credit derivatives that generate high coupon payments by dynamically leveraging a position in an underlying portfolio of investment-grade index default swaps. CPDO coupons and principal notes received high initial credit ratings from the major rating agencies, based on complex models for the joint transition of ratings and spreads for all names in the underlying portfolio. We propose a parsimonious model for analysing the performance of CPDO strategies using a top-down approach that captures the essential risk factors of the CPDO. Our approach allows us to compute default probabilities, loss distributions and other tail risk measures for the CPDO strategy and analyse the dependence of these risk measures on various parameters describing the risk factors. We find that the probability of the CPDO defaulting on its coupon payments can be made arbitrarily small—and thus the credit rating arbitrarily high—by increasing leverage, but the ratings obtained strongly depend on assumptions on the credit environment (high spread or low spread). More importantly, CPDO loss distributions are found to exhibit a wide range of tail risk measures inside a given rating category, suggesting that credit ratings are insufficient performance indicators for such complex leveraged strategies. A worst-case scenario analysis indicates that CPDO strategies have a high exposure to persistent spread-widening scenarios and that CPDO ratings are shown to be quite unstable during the lifetime of the strategy.
Simulation and estimation of Lévy driven stochastic processes

We carry on an exploration of Levy processes, focusing on instrumental definitions that ease our way towards their simulation. Beginning with the basic Brownian motion and Poisson processes, we then explore algorithms to simulate Levy processes, do maximum likelihood estimations, and follow this exploratory road studying a maximum likelihood methodology to estimate the parameters of a one dimensional stationary process of Ornstein Uhlenbeck type that is constructed via a self-decomposable distribution D. Finally, we also present the maximum empirical likelihood method specifically for Levy processes as an alternative to the classical maximum likelihood estimation methodology, when the density function is unknown.
Chandrasekharan Guruvayoorappan B Subunits κ Mediators and Nuclear Factor Inhibits Tumor Progression and Metastasis by Regulating the Inflammatory

Metastasis is an extremely complex process that is a major problem in the management of cancer. In the present study, we had evaluated the antimetastatic activity of Decalepis hamiltonii using B16F-10 melanoma-induced experimental lung metastasis in a C57BL/6 mice model. D hamiltonii treatment significantly (P < .01) inhibited lung tumor nodule formation and reduced the lung collagen hydroxyproline, hexosamine, and uronic acid levels. Similarly serum sialic acid and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase levels were also significantly inhibited after D hamiltonii treatment. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, granulocyte monocyte colony-stimulating factor, and IL-2 in the serum of these animals were significantly altered after D hamiltonii treatment. The serum NO level was also found to be significantly decreased after D hamiltonii treatment. This decreased NO level after D hamiltonii treatment was also accompanied by decreased inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. The study reveals that D hamiltonii treatment could alter proinflammatory cytokine production and could inhibit the activation and nuclear translocation of p65 and p50 subunits of nuclear factor κB in B16F-10 cells.
One hundred years of atmospheric and marine observations at Finnish Utö Island in the Baltic Sea

The Utö Atmospheric and Marine Research Station introduced in this paper is located on Utö Island (N59o46.84, E21o22.13) at the outer edge of the Archipelago Sea, Baltic Sea towards the Baltic Sea Proper. Meteorological observations at the island started in 1881 and vertical profiling of sea water temperature and salinity in 1900. Since 1980 the number of observations at Utö has rapidly increased, with a large number of new meteorological, air quality, aerosol, optical, and greenhouse gases parameters and recently, with a variety of marine observations. In this study, we analyze long-term changes of 5 atmospheric temperature, cloudiness and sea salinity, temperature and ice cover. Our main dataset consists of 248367 atmospheric temperature observations, 1632 quality assured vertical seawater temperature and salinity profiles and 8565 ice maps, partly digitized for this project. We also use North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Major Baltic Inflow (MBI) and Baltic Sea river runoff data from the literature as reference variables to our data. Our analysis is based on statistical method utilizing dynamic linear model. The results show an increase in the atmospheric temperature at Utö, but the increase is significantly smaller than 10 on land areas and takes place only since early 1980’s, with a rate of 0.4 °C/decade during the last 35 years. We also see an increase on seawater temperatures, especially on the surface, with an increase of 0.3 °C/decade for the last 100 years. In deeper water layers the increase is smaller and influenced by vertical mixing, which is modulated by inflow of saline water from the North Sea and fresh water inflow from rivers, and by wind-driven processes influenced by the local bathymetry. Date when air temperature in the spring exceeds +5 °C has become 5 days earlier from the period 1951-1980 to period 1981-2010 and date 15 when sea surface water temperature exceed +4 °C has changed 9 days earlier. Sea ice cover duration at Utö shows a decrease of approximately 50% during the last 35 years. Based on the combined results, it is possible that the climate at Utö have changed into a new phase, in which the sea-ice does not anymore reduce the local temperature increase caused by the global warming.