Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Myosin 1e tail but not motor domain replaces fission yeast Myo1 domains to support myosin-I function during endocytosis

In both unicellular and multicellular organisms, long-tailed class I myosins function in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Myosin 1e (Myo1e) in vertebrates and Myo1 in fission yeast have similar domain organization, yet whether these proteins or their individual protein domains are functionally interchangeable remains unknown. In an effort to assess functional conservation of class I myosins, we tested whether human Myo1e could replace Myo1 in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and found that it was unable to substitute for yeast Myo1. To determine if any individual protein domain is responsible for the inability of Myo1e to function in yeast, we created human-yeast myosin-I chimeras. By functionally testing these chimeric myosins in vivo, we concluded that the Myo1e motor domain is unable to function in yeast, even when combined with the yeast Myo1 tail and a full complement of yeast regulatory light chains. Conversely, the Myo1e tail, when attached to the yeast Myo1 motor domain, supports localization to actin patches and partially rescues the endocytosis defect in myo1Δ cells. Further dissection showed that both the TH1 and TH2-SH3 domains in the human Myo1e tail are required for localization and function of chimeric myosin-I at endocytic sites. Overall, this study provides insights into the role of individual myosin-I domains, expands the utility of fission yeast as a simple model system to study the effects of disease-associated MYO1E mutations, and supports a model of co-evolution between a myosin motor and its actin track.
Conspecific Pollen on Honey Bees and a Chrysomelid Beetle Species Visiting Female Flowers on Nolina microcarpa (Asparagaceae)

Abstract. Nolina microcarpa (Asparagaceae) is a dioecious monocot shrub found in Arizona, New Mexico, and northern and central Mexico. Leaf rosettes of the species grow in colonies that produce tall inflorescences of small male or female flowers during spring. Dioecious flowering requires pollinating insects to carry pollen from flowers on male colonies to flowers on female colonies. I investigated pollination of female flowers at 12 colonies of N. microcarpa in the Cerbat Mountains in northwestern Arizona during May–June 2017. I examined pollen from male flowers, aspirated insects on female flowers, counted conspecific pollen grains carried by insects, and estimated floral constancies from proportions of conspecific pollen. Pollen on N. microcarpa was prolate and monosulcate with a deep furrow and reticulate sculpturing. The most abundant insect on female flowers was the native beetle Triarius trivittatus (Chrysomelidae), followed by the introduced honey bee Apis mellifera (Apidae). Activities of honey bees, but not beetles, were limited to flowers. Two species of native bees in Halictidae and Megachilidae were also found in low numbers on flowers. Nearly all insects carried N. microcarpa pollen, and conspecific pollen comprised most of the pollen load on most insects. Conspecific pollen loads were highest on A. mellifera, followed by the native bees and T. trivittatus. Amounts of conspecific pollen on A. mellifera and on T. trivittatus males, but not females, were dependent on the distance to the nearest male inflorescence and decreased exponentially as the distance increased. Nolina microcarpa appears to be pollinated primarily by bees and beetles. Pollination by these insects is consistent with pollination of other plants, such as palms (Arecaceae), that similarly produce open inflorescences and small, unisexual, diurnal flowers with nectar.
On trivectors and hyperplanes of symplectic dual polar spaces

The motivation for the work in this thesis is the study and the classiﬁcation of the hyperplanes of the symplectic dual polar space DW (5, F) that arise from the Grassmann embedding. This dual polar space is related to a 6-dimensional vector space V over the ﬁeld F which is equipped with a nondegenerate alternating bilinear form f . The hyperplanes of DW (5, F) are related to vectors of the third exterior power of V , i.e. to trivectors of V . We give a complete classiﬁcation of the Sp(V, f)-equivalence classes of trivectors of V which is valid for any ﬁeld F and apply this classiﬁcation to obtain classiﬁcation results for hyperplanes of DW (5, F) arising from the Grassmann embedding. As a base of our work we use Revoy’s classiﬁcation of the GL(V )- equivalence classes of trivectors of V . In this classiﬁcation ﬁve families of trivectors can be distinguished, the so-called trivectors of Type (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E). We classify the Sp(V, f )-equivalence classes of trivectors of all those types in Chapters 2 − 5. The classiﬁcation of the Sp(V, f )-equivalence classes of trivectors for algebraically closed ﬁelds of characteristic distinct from 2 was done earlier by diﬀerent means by Popov. We present his results and identify the trivectors of his classiﬁcation with those of our classiﬁcation in Chapter 6. In Chapter 7 we invoke the classiﬁcation of all Sp(V, f)-equivalence classes of trivectors of V to obtain classiﬁcation results for hyperplanes of DW (5, F) arising from the Grassmann embedding. The notion of quasi-Sp(V, f)-equivalence plays an important role here, and we will also obtain classiﬁcation results for the quasi-Sp(V, f )-equivalence classes of trivectors of V . In Chapter 7, we obtain a complete classiﬁcation of all the hyperplanes of DW (5, F) arising from the Grassmann embedding in case the ﬁeld F has characteristic distinct from 2. In case the characteristic of F is 2, we obtain a partial classiﬁcation. In Chapter 8, we present a method for determining all deep quads of a given hyperplane of DW (5, F) arising from the Grassmann embedding.
Auxin biosynthesis, its role in plant growth, devolopment and physiological process

Unbelievable research has been made in understanding Auxin biosynthesis and its effect on physiological process and developments in plants over the last few years. Auxin is a phytohormones that’s involved in many physiological and biological functions of the plants i.e. basic cellular processes and cell cycle control over localized responses such as cell elongation and differential growth. Both plants and some plant pathogens produce Auxin for completing normal life cycle. But, however, how Auxin produces in plant this process is difficult to be proven. Number of research studies had discovered biochemical reactions and several genes in tryptophan-dependent Auxin biosynthesis pathway. Even though the history of auxin research reaches back more than a hundred years, we are still far from a comprehensive understanding of how auxin controls plant growth and physiological process. Some answers to this question may lie in the auxin molecule itself. Naturally occurring auxin-like substances have been found and they may play roles in specific developmental and cellular functions. The molecular mode of auxin action can be further explored by the utilization of synthetic auxin-like molecules i.e NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) and IBA (indole-butynic acid). Auxin is actively modified, metabolized, and intra-cellular compartmentalized, that’s have a great impact on its availability and activity. In this review, we will give an overview of these recent and emerging areas of auxin and its effect on plant physiological process and developments and try to formulate some of the open questions. Without doubt, the manifold facets of auxin biology will not cease to amaze us for a long time to come.
Presence and diversity of Chlamydiae bacteria in Spinturnix myoti, an ectoparasite of bats

Chlamydia spp. and Chlamydia-like organisms are able to infect vertebrates such as mammals, reptiles and birds, but also arthropods and protozoans. Since they have been detected in bats and bat feces, we expected Chlamydiae bacteria to also be present in the mite Spinturnix myoti, an ectoparasite of mouse-eared bats (Myotis spp.). The prevalence of Chlamydiales in 88 S. myoti was 57.95% and significantly depended on bat host species. In addition, the prevalence was significantly different between bat species living in sympatry or in allopatry. While there was uninterpretable sequencing for 16 samples, eight showed best BLAST hit identities lower than 92.5% and thus corresponded to new family-level lineages according to the established taxonomy cut-off. The four remaining sequences exhibited best BLAST hit identities ranging from 94.2 to 97.4% and were taxonomically assigned to three different family-level lineages, with two of them belonging to the Parachlamydiaceae, one to the Simkaniaceae, and one to the Chlamydiaceae. These results highlighted for the first time the presence of Chlamydia-like organisms and the possible zoonotic origin of Chlamydia sp. in S. myoti ectoparasites of bats, and therefore suggest that these ectoparasites may play a role in maintaining and/or transmitting members of the Chlamydiae phylum within Myotis spp. bat populations. Our results further highlight that the wide diversity of bacteria belonging to the Chlamydiae phylum is largely underestimated.
Metal interferences and their removal prior to the determination of As(T) and As(III) in acid mine waters by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry

2 Introduction 2 Methods of investigation 3 Sample collection and preservation 3 Reagents 3 Analytical apparatus 3 Analytical procedures 3 Determination of arsenic(T) 4 Determination of arsenic(III) 4 Removal of interfering metals prior to arsenic(III) determination 4 Results and discussion 5 Selective reduction of arsenic(III) 5 Potential metal interferences on the determination of arsenic(T) 5 Potential metal interferences on the determination of arsenic(III) 6 Cation exchange separation of iron(III) and copper 8 Accuracy and time stability of arsenic redox species in acid mine waters 8 Accuracy of arsenic(T) determinations 8 Accuracy of arsenic(III) determinations 11 Time stability of arsenic redox species 11 Summary 12 References cited 12
Structural and biochemical characterization of the class II fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase from Francisella tularensis

The structure of the class II fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase from F. tularensis is presented together with kinetic data for the wild type and the active-site mutant Thr89Ser. The structure reveals a tetramer of four identical subunits with approximate 222 symmetry. The structure is related to the homologous structure from the related pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Tick salivary gland transcriptomics and proteomics

‘Omics’ technologies have facilitated the identification of hundreds to thousands of tick molecules that mediate tick feeding and play a role in the transmission of tick‐borne diseases. Deep sequencing methodologies have played a key role in this knowledge accumulation, profoundly facilitating the study of the biology of disease vectors lacking reference genomes. For example, the nucleotide sequences of the entire set of tick salivary effectors, the so‐called tick ‘sialome’, now contain at least one order of magnitude more transcript sequences compared to similar projects based on Sanger sequencing. Tick feeding is a complex and dynamic process, and while the dynamic ‘sialome’ is thought to mediate tick feeding success, exactly how transcriptome dynamics relate to tick‐host‐pathogen interactions is still largely unknown. The identification and, importantly, the functional analysis of the tick ‘sialome’ is expected to shed light on this ‘black box’. This information will be crucial for developing strategies to block pathogen transmission, not only for anti‐tick vaccine development but also the discovery and development of new, pharmacologically active compounds for human diseases.
Towards Science Unification through Number Theory

The Number Theory comes back as the heart of unified Science, in a Computing Cosmos using the bases 2;3;5;7 whose two symmetric combinations explain the main lepton mass ratios. The corresponding Holic Principle induces a symmetry between the Newton and Planck constants which confirm the Permanent Sweeping Holography Bang Cosmology, with invariant baryon density 3/10, the dark baryons being dephased matter-antimatter oscillation. This implies the DNA bi-codon mean isotopic mass, confirming to 0.1 ppm the electron-based Topological Axis, whose terminal boson is the base 2 c-observable Universe in the base 3 Cosmos. The physical parameters involve the Euler idoneal numbers and the special Fermat primes of Wieferich (bases 2) and Mirimanoff (base 3). The prime numbers and crystallographic symmetries are related to the 4-fold structure of the DNA bi-codon. The forgotten Eddington’s proton-tau symmetry is rehabilitated, renewing the supersymmetry quest. This excludes the concepts of Multiverse, Continuum, Infinity, Locality and Zero-mass Particle, leading to stringent predictions in Cosmology, Particle Physics and Biology.
Recovering vertical and time-dependent deformation near Coachella Valley, California with InSAR

I. Project Overview. i A. Abstract. i B. SCEC Annual Science Highlights. i C. Exemplary Figure. ii D. SCEC Science Priorities. ii E. Intellectual Merit. ii F. Broader Impacts. ii G. Project Publications. ii II. Technical Report. 1 A. Technical Report 1. Objectives 2. Methods 3. Results 4. Discussion and Conclusions B. References
PRELIMINARY SPIN-SHAPE MODEL FOR 755 QUINTILLA

We present a preliminary shape and spin axis model for main-belt asteroid 755 Quintilla. The model was achieved with the lightcurve inversion process, using combined dense photometric data acquired from three apparitions, between 2004 to 2020 and sparse data from USNO Flagstaff. Analysis of the resulting data found a sidereal period P = 4.55204 ± 0.00001 hours and two mirrored pole solutions at (λ = 109°, β = -12°) and (λ = 288°, β = -3°) with an uncertainty of ± 20 degrees.
Recurrent Neural Network Architectures with Trained Document Embeddings for Flagging Cyber-Aggressive Comments on Social Media

—The emancipation of communication systems implies that bullying is no longer limited to schoolyards or street corners. This harassment has also inﬁltrated victims’ homes, via email, cell phones, and social media websites, in the form of cyber-bullying. For those who suffer such harassment, the effects can be devastating. The aim of our experimentation therefore, is to create a model using natural language processing to automate the ﬂagging of cyber-aggressive comments with greater efﬁciency than the state-of-the-art models. In this task, this Paper proposes the application of Recurrent Neural Network Architectures to effectively analyze and ﬂag such cyber aggressive comments on social media. The semantic document embeddings learnt by Doc2Vec [1] were fed into three recurrent neural network architectures for sequence classiﬁcation. Our extensive experimentation indicates that an LSTM model using document embeddings outperforms the state-of-the-art models using standard feature extraction techniques for machine learning or other deep learning approaches.
CANONIC CORRELATION BETWEEN QUALITY PARAMETERS OF RIVER WATER LOCATED IN THE SOUTH OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL

The objective of this work was to evaluate the associations between water quality parameters in the spring/summer period and those established in the autumn/winter period, variables belonging to the Rio Tramandaí/RS. To this end, water quality secondary data provided by the State Environmental Protection Foundation Henrique Luis Roessle were used in the period from 2005-1 to 2013-2. The analysis of canonical correlation was applied, considering the original data observed, where canonical charges were estimated. In addition, Wilks' multivariate significance test was used to evaluate the significance of the canonical roots together. Finally, the redundancy index was determined as the mean square canonical charge times the canonical R2. It was observed through the applied technique that only the first canonical function was shown to be significant. In relation to the canonical loads, of the function: Of the parameters of quality of the water related to the spring/summer period, the parameters Total Coliforms (TC) and the Total Nitrogen (TN) presented higher values. Because for the parameters belonging to autumn/winter the TC presented low canonical charges. The amount of shared variance explained by the dependent canonical statistical variable was, on average, 9.5%. It is observed that the TC had the highest percentage of variance explained by the dependent canonical statistical variable, that is, 0.874. These results demonstrate the possibility of using this multivariate technique to make inferences about quality.
Urban Data Analytics application. Visibility and audience by Spatial Networks Analysis

The visibility and the study of the audience in urban environment has been always a useful indicator for Real-State and advertising decisions between others. While traditionally this kind of analysis requires a fieldwork, or a huge computation times, in last decades the democratization of computational power have allowed to analyse the urban morphology to predict the people urban displacements providing indicators to help marketers optimize their locations decisions. The objective of this research is to developpe a tool which allows measure the visibility and the audience for an urban element or loca tion (buildings, façades, …) by the study of the visibility properties with a three-dimensional ray traced analysis and the audience by the last advances in Spatial Network Analysis.
Seismic signature of fluid motion in a shallow conduit system beneath Aso volcano, Japan

From temporary deployments of seismic arrays and a dense seismic network at Aso volcano, Japan, we determine the location and the source mechanism of short-period (0.5-1 sec) tremors which often occur in synchronization with longperiod (15 sec) tremors. The source of the shortperiod tremors are located at the top part of a crack-like conduit which generates the longperiod tremors, and the result of moment tensor inversions indicates a cylindrical deformation at the source. We thus attribute these short-period tremors to the flow induced vibration at a junction between a deep crack-like conduit and a shallow cylindrical conduit. Our results suggest these two phenomena at different frequency bands are generated by a fluid motion in a single conduit system.
Laser-Ultrasonic Measurement of Ultrasonic Attenuation Coefficient in Geological Testing

The ultrasonic attenuation coefficient was measured for marble, limestone, quartzite over frequency range 0.4-12 MHz. Time-resolved laser-ultrasonic spectroscopy was used. It made it possible to produce testing in real time. Two types of ultrasonic wave scattering – Rayleigh and stochastic – was recognized in the samples with consequent rise of frequency. In low frequency range the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient was proportional to the fourth power of frequency, for higher between these ranges it followed quadratic low of frequency. The frequency boundary between these ranges is determined by the maximum size of the grain in the sample. For quartzite the size of the grains varied over wide range from about 0.05 mm to 0.5 mm. Laser-ultrasonic spectroscopy proved to be useful tool for geological testing.
A Bayesian framework for the analysis of systems biology models of the brain

Systems biology models are used to understand complex biological and physiological systems. Interpretation of these models is an important part of developing this understanding. These models are often fit to experimental data in order to understand how the system has produced various phenomena or behaviour that are seen in the data. In this paper, we have outlined a framework that can be used to perform Bayesian analysis of complex systems biology models. In particular, we have focussed on analysing a systems biology of the brain using both simulated and measured data. By using a combination of sensitivity analysis and approximate Bayesian computation, we have shown that it is possible to obtain a more complete understanding of the parameter space as compared to a maximum likelihood estimate based approach. This is done through analysis of simulated and experimental data. NIRS measurements were simulated using the same simulated systemic input data for the model in a ‘healthy’ and ‘impaired’ state. By analysing both of these datasets, we show that different parameter spaces can be distinguished and compared between different physiological states or conditions. Finally, we analyse experimental data using the new Bayesian framework and the previous maximum likelihood estimate approach, showing that the Bayesian approach provides a more complete understanding of the parameter space. Author summary Systems biology models are mathematical representations of biological processes that reproduce the overall behaviour of a biological system. They are comprised by a number of parameters representing biological information. We use them to understand the behaviour of biological systems, such as the brain. We do this by fitting the model’s parameter to observed or simulated data; and by looking at how these values change during the fitting process we investigate the mechanisms controlling the behaviour of our system. We are interested in understanding differences between a healthy and an injured brain. Here we outline a statistical framework that uses a Bayesian approach during the fitting process that can provide us with a distribution of parameters rather than single parameter number. We apply this method when simulating the physiological responses between a healthy and a vascular compromised brain to a drop in oxygenation. We then use experimental data that demonstrates the healthy brain response to an increase in arterial CO2 and fit our brain model predictions to the measurements. In both instances we show that our approach provides more information about the overlap between healthy and unhealthy brain states than a fitting process that provides a single value parameter estimate.
Prevalence of Enterococci and Streptococci in Raw Milk and Some Dairy Products and The Subsequent Alteration on Quality

The purpose of this research was to study the prevalence of enterococci and streptococci in milk and some dairy products. Survey included 50 samples of raw milk, 25 kareish cheese and 25 yoghurt samples which were collected from El-Behera governorate markets. The results revealed that the mean of chemical composition was 12.95±0.11, 86.34±0.26, 6.3±0.07 and 0.18±0.002 for total solid, Moisture content, pH values and titratable acidity, respectively. in raw milk samples; 36.8±0.87, 61.76±0.84, 3.87±0.11 and 2.27±0.037 in kareish cheese and 36.8±0.87, 76.48±0.94, 4.33±0.05 and 1.09±0.036 in yoghurt samples, Respectively. incidence of positive samples for aerobic plate count, streptococci and enterococci count were 88 , 26 and 22 % in raw milk samples, respectively . 76 , 36 and 36 % in kareish cheese and 56, 28 and 32 % in yoghurt samples, respectively. with mean values of 1.22x10 5 ±0.1x10 5, 4.5x10 3 ±0.7x10 3 and 6.3x10 3 ±1.9x10 3 cfu/ml in raw milk samples; 8.9x10 4 ±0.76x10 4 , 4.7x10 3 ±0.87x10 3 and 5.7x10 3 ±1.6x10 3 cfu/gm in kareish cheese samples and in yoghurt samples were 7.6x10 4 ±0.59x10 4 , 3.7x10 3 ±0.6x10 3 and 5.5x10 3 ±0.64x10 3 , respectively. All isolated Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, S. agalactiae and S. dysgalatiae were confirmed at a genus level using specific primer targeting 16s rRNA gene in S. dysgalatiae and Enter. Faecalis; sod A gene in enterococcus faecium and cfb gene in S. agalactiae. Desired amplicon for virulence genes were obtained.