Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sexual transactions between long distance truck drivers and female sex workers in South Africa

ABSTRACT Background: Female sex workers (FSWs) and long distance truck drivers (LDTDs) are considered key populations at high risk for HIV transmission due to high prevalence. The intersection of these mobile populations presents unique challenges in the fight against HIV and the movement towards reducing new infections. Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the nature of sex trade along a particular transport route. Sexual transactions and the vulnerabilities that exist between these two groups with regards to HIV/AIDS are described, with the purpose of furthering the agenda for targeted interventions. Methods: Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 participants, seven FSWs and seven LDTDs. We recruited FSWs through snowballing, and LDTDs through intercepts at truck stops. Semi-structured interview guides were used for data collection, and thematic analysis was conducted. Results: The sex trade in this study is characterized by competition, fuelled by money-driven and age-disparate rivalry. Despite widespread HIV knowledge, FSWs contend with persistent challenges regarding condom use negotiation, induced by more money in the exchange for unsafe sex. Despite the placement of wellness centres in truck stops along the highway, LDTDs face stigma related challenges with regards to testing for HIV and personal acknowledgement of their involvement in the sex trade. Conclusion: The nature of the sex trade along the highway continues to be risky despite the availability of HIV testing and antiretroviral treatment (ART). The sex trade is perceived to be increasing along trucking routes, in spite of measures instituted to limit access to FSWs. FSWs struggle to cope with the pressure of unprotected sex because of the need to generate more income, as well as avoid incidents of violence and threats. Interventions along transport routes need to be inclusive of FSWs who could play a vital role in stigma reduction amongst LDTDs through peer education.
Author ’ s Accepted Manuscript Maternal psychological distress and child decision-making

Background There is much research to suggest that maternal psychological distress is associated with many adverse outcomes in children. This study examined, for the first time, if it is related to children’s affective decisionmaking. Methods Using data from 12,080 families of the Millennium Cohort Study, we modelled the effect of trajectories of maternal psychological distress in early-to-middle childhood (3-11 years) on child affective decision-making, measured with a gambling task at age 11. Results Latent class analysis showed four longitudinal types of maternal psychological distress (chronically high, consistently low, moderate-accelerating and moderate-decelerating). Maternal distress typology predicted decision-making but only in girls. Specifically, compared to girls growing up in families with never-distressed mothers, those exposed to chronically high maternal psychological distress showed more risk-taking, bet more and exhibited poorer risk-adjustment, even after correction for confounding. Most of these effects on girls’ decision-making were not robust to additional controls for concurrent internalising and externalising problems, but chronically high maternal psychological distress was associated positively with risk-taking even
Lightning current among closely-spaced cables

Analysis of lightning current in communication and power cables is essential for lightning protection in radio base stations. In this paper an equivalent circuit method is developed to evaluate lightning current distribution among the cables mounted on a cable ladder. Both skin and proximity effects in the cables are taken into account and an efficient modelling procedure is presented. The proposed method is validated experimentally, and is applied to evaluate the lightning current in a practical cable installation. A significant error is observed if the traditional model is used.
Environmentally Benign Pyrotechnic Delays

Abstract : Pyrotechnic delays are used in commercial and military items requiring a time delay between two energetic events. For example, US Army hand-held signals (HHS) use a delay element to properly sequence the expulsion of illuminating rounds at the rockets' apex. Many military delay formulations contain barium, lead, chromates, and perchlorates. The US Army is reformulating pyrotechnic items to remove environmentally hazardous materials. In this paper, new environmentally benign formulations are described. The delay time of the new system is easily tunable. These compositions will consistently function in aluminum housings which is generally difficult for delay compositions due to extreme thermal losses that can cause quenching.
Is There a Role for Music Therapy in the Care of the Severely Mentally Ill?

Objective: The role of music therapy in psychiatric care in Australia is briefly traced from the early 1990s to the present. With the shift to community-based care, contemporary music therapy practice for the severely mentally ill is reappraised alongside the principles of the recovery model. Conclusions: Music therapy is a viable option within the creative arts therapies for enhancing quality of life in people with severe and enduring mental illness.
Cross-cultural traits for personality of patients with Parkinson's disease in Japan.

Recent studies suggest that Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with particular personality traits. Using Cloningers's Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), Menza and colleagues [1993: Neurology 43:505-508] reported a possible association between PD and a reduced score in the novelty seeking (NS) dimension of the TPQ. We sought to determine whether this association, which was found in a study conducted in the United States, could also be found among Japanese PD patients. We performed personality assessments of 67 Japanese PD patients, using the TPQ test. The results suggest that Japanese PD patients have significantly lower scores in the NS dimension of the TPQ, as well as significantly higher harm avoidance (HA) scores, compared with matched control subjects. Furthermore, the PD patients undergoing treatment for depression using antidepressant drugs scored significantly higher in the HA dimension than PD patients who did not receive antidepressant drug treatment. Our results suggest that the high HA score, and the low NS score in the TPQ test observed in patients with PD, is a cross-cultural phenomenon, although the influence of depression, long-term treatment, and premorbid gene/environmental interactions may also affect these personality traits. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 96:1-3, 2000.
Kinetic analysis of cephalosporin biosynthesis in Streptomyces clavuligerus

A kinetic model describing the cephalosporin biosynthesis in Streptomyces clavuligerus was developed. Using previously reported kinetic data of biosynthetic enzymes, we examined the kinetics of cephalosporin production. The predicted time profile of the specific production rate during a batch culture parallels that of experimental observation. Sensitivity analysis reveals that δ‐(L‐α‐aminoadipyl)‐L‐cysteinyl‐D‐valine (ACV) synthetase is the rate‐limiting enzyme. The effect of amplifying ACV synthetase on the specific production rate was analyzed theoretically. Increasing ACV synthetase enhances the production rate initially until ACV synthetase enhances the production rate initially until deacetocycephalosporin C hydroxylase becomes rate‐limiting. Such kinetic analysis can provide a rational basis for modifying the biosynthetic machinery of cephalosporin through gene cloning.
Industrial Livestock Production : The Twin Myths of Efficiency and Necessity

It is widely assumed that food production must increase by 70% to feed the growing world population and accordingly that further industrialisation of livestock production is essential. This would result in poorer animal welfare as even with good stockmanship industrial systems generally have a low potential for delivering satisfactory welfare outcomes. In fact a large increase in food production is not necessary. We already produce more than enough to feed the population of 9.6 billion expected by mid-century. However, over half this food is wasted: 25% perishes post-harvest or is thrown away at retail or consumer levels. 36% of the world’s crop calories are fed to animals but three-quarters of this is wasted due to the low efficiency with which animals convert cereals to meat and milk. The challenge lies not so much in producing more but in wasting less. If waste in all the above forms were just halved the anticipated population of 9.6 billion could be fed without increasing production. Further industrialisation of animal farming would not be necessary. Nor is it desirable as it is an inefficient use of the world’s resources. Industrial livestock production is dependent on feeding grain to animals. For every 100 calories fed to animals in the form of human-edible crops, we receive just 17-30 calories in the form of meat and milk. This is a wasteful use not just of these crops but of the land, water and energy used to grow them.
Glass Nanopillar Arrays with Nanogap‐Rich Silver Nanoislands for Highly Intense Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering

The enhancement of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with nanogap-rich silver nanoislands surrounding glass nanopillars at wafer level is reported. High-density hot spots are generated by increasing the number of nanogap-rich nanoislands within a detection volume. The SERS substrate shows a high enhancement factor of over 10(7) with excellent signal uniformity (∼7.8%) and it enables the label-free detection of aqueous DNA base molecules at nanomolar level.
Identification of HsORC4, a Member of the Human Origin of Replication Recognition Complex*

A new member of human origin recognition complex (ORC) has been cloned and identified as the human homologue ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae ORC4. HsORC4 is a 45-kDa protein encoded by a 2.2-kilobase mRNA whose amino acid sequence is 29% identical to ScORC4. HsORC4 has a putative nucleotide triphosphate binding motif that is not seen in ScORC4. HsORC4P also reveals an unsuspected homology to the ORC1-Cdc18 family of proteins. HsORC4 mRNA expression and protein levels remain constant through the cell cycle. HsORC4P is coimmunoprecipitated from cell extracts with another subunit of human ORC, HsORC2P, consistent with it being a part of the putative human origin recognition complex.
Two-part implants inserted in a one-stage or a two-stage procedure. A prospective comparative study.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using a two-part implant system in a one-stage procedure and to monitor the microflora in the peri-implant area in relation to clinical and radiographic outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS After randomisation, 40 edentulous patients (Cawood & Howell class V-VI) received two IMZ implants in the anterior mandible inserted by either a one-stage (n = 20) or a two-stage (n = 20) surgical procedure for overdenture treatment. A standardised clinical and radiographic evaluation was performed after denture insertion as well as 6 and 12 months thereafter. Twelve months after loading, peri-implant samples were collected and analysed for the presence of putative periodontal pathogens using culture technique. RESULTS No striking differences were found between the two groups with regard to the clinical parameters during the evaluation period. The mean bone loss in the first year of functioning was 0.6 mm in both groups. With regard to the gingiva score, plaque score, bleeding score or bone loss between T0 and T12, no associations were found with the presence of the cultured microorganisms. An association was present between pockets >or= 4 mm and the presence of Peptostreptococcus micros in the two-stage group. CONCLUSIONS The short-term results indicate that two-part implants inserted in a one-stage procedure may be as predictable as inserted in the common two-stage procedure. The peri-implant sulcus can and does harbour potential periodontal pathogens without significant signs of tissue breakdown.
Carbohydrates in human nutrition : report of a joint FAO/WHO expert consultation, Rome, 14-18 April 1997

In their efforts to improve nutrition, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization periodically convene expert consultations to provide advice to developing and developed countries. A primary objective of these consultations is the review of the state of knowledge on the role of various nutrients in the human diet, and the formulation of practical recommendations. The latest in a series of expert reports on nutrients, Carbohydrates in human nutrition gives the report and recommendations of a joint expert consultation on this subject which was held in Rome from April 14 to 18, 1997. Key factors that may influence consumption, health, food production and processing, food marketing and labelling are discussed. The report makes recommendations about terminology and a classification scheme for dietary carbohydrates; an energy value for dietary fibre; the minimum dietary energy intake from carbohydrates; the consumption of carbohydrate-rich foods with emphasis on traditional foods; the use of the glycemic index. An extensive bibliography is included.
A 4.5-mW Closed-Loop  $\Delta\Sigma$ Micro-Gravity CMOS SOI Accelerometer

In this paper, design, implementation and characterization of a 3-V switched-capacitor (SC) DeltaSigma CMOS interface circuit for the closed-loop operation of a lateral capacitive micro-gravity silicon-on-insulator (SOI) accelerometer is presented. The interface circuit is based on a front-end programmable reference-capacitorless SC charge amplifier and a back-end second-order SC DeltaSigma modulator. The accelerometer is fabricated through a dry-release high aspect-ratio reduced-gap process. By incorporating the low-Q transfer function of the microaccelerometer in a feedback loop, the system's dynamic range is improved by 20 dB, leading to a measured resolution of 4 mug/radicHz and an output dynamic range of 95 dB at 20 Hz. The bias instability is 2 to 8 mug for 12 hours. The chip is fabricated in the 0.5-mum standard CMOS process with an area of 2.25 mm2. The integrated circuit (IC) consumes 4.5 mW of power
“Stop over there”: natural gesture and speech interaction for non-critical spontaneous intervention in autonomous driving

We propose a new multimodal input technique for Non-critical Spontaneous Situations (NCSSs) in autonomous driving scenarios such as selecting a parking lot or picking up a hitchhiker. Speech and deictic (pointing) gestures were combined to instruct the car about desired interventions which include spatial references to the current environment (e.g., ''stop over [pointing] there'' or ''take [pointing] this parking lot''). In this way, advantages from both modalities were exploited: Speech allows for selecting from many maneuvres and functions in the car (e.g., stop, park), whereas deictic gestures provide a natural and intuitive way of indicating spatial discourse referents used in these interventions (e.g., near this tree, that parking lot). The speech and pointing gesture input was compared to speech and touch-based input in a user study with 38 participants. The touch-based input was selected as a baseline due to its widespread use in in-car touch screens. The evaluation showed that speech and pointing gestures are perceived more natural, intuitive and less cognitively demanding compared to speech and touch and are thus recommended as NCSSs intervention technique for autonomous driving.
PRS: Parallel Relaxation Simulation for Massive Graphs

Graph pattern matching is becoming important for a variety of emerging applications such as social network analysis. Graph pattern matching is traditionally defined in terms of subgraph isomorphism or graph simulation. These notions, however, often impose too strong constraint to identify meaningful matches. In this paper, we propose a new graph pattern matching based on a notion of relaxation simulation, which extends graph simulation by allowing partially absent vertices. We show that relaxation simulation is able to find significant matches which traditional approaches of graph pattern matching fail to catch. We propose two parallel algorithms to apply relaxation simulation to massive graph since the graph in practice is considerably large. The algorithms are based on Bulk Synchronous Parallel model and can be easily deployed on cloud computing platforms. Finally, we experimentally verify the effectiveness and efficiency of these algorithms, using real-life data and synthesis data. The results suggest that relaxation simulation is a promising framework for real-life massive graph analysis.
LUNG FIBROSIS INDUCED BY BLEOMYCIN: STRUCTURAL CHANGES AND OVERVIEW OF RECENT ADVANCES

This short review addresses the alterations induced by bleomycin in the lung, particularly those related to the induction of fibrosis. Bleomycin is a cytostatic drug commonly employed in the treatment of cancer. As a side effect of its therapeutic use, bleomycin induces in some patients chronic pulmonary inflammation that may progress to fibrosis. Endotracheal instillation of the drug has been adopted as the elective experimental model to reproduce human interstitial fibrosis of the lung in laboratory animals. We recall here the major structural alterations that are triggered by bleomycin in the lung and we overview recent literature regarding cellular and molecular mechanisms that have been identified as participants in the physiopathology of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Recent data obtained with the bleomycin model have offered detailed information on the major molecular mediators of lung fibrosis. This achievement offers the hope that therapeutic strategies based on molecular medicine may have a useful role in improving the treatment of human lung fibrosis in the near future.
Implementation of a Current Drive Modulator for Effective Speckle Suppression in a Laser Projection System

We report on the implementation of a current drive modulation circuitry that is effective in suppressing speckle noise for laser diodes. The drive circuit allows for operating the laser diode current at constant dc or modulating the current with square or triangular wave signals. We theoretically investigate the speckle reduction factors that correspond to the different modes of operation. The theory predicts that triangular wave modulation gives the highest speckle reduction ratio. This means that when used as a projector, the laser should be fed with triangular modulated current for the most effective speckle suppression. We then verified the theoretical results by experimental measurements. We demonstrated effective speckle noise suppression by implementing a drive current modulator.
Incomplete viral suppression and mortality in HIV patients after antiretroviral therapy initiation

Objective: To determine whether there is a threshold of detectable HIV RNA under 1000 copies/ml after antiretroviral therapy initiation associated with 10-year all-cause mortality. Design: This study included nearly 8000 patients from a US-based multicenter clinical cohort who started antiretroviral therapy between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2013. Viral load was assessed 6 months after initiation of therapy. Patients were followed from 6 months after therapy initiation (between 1 July 1998 and 30 June 2014) until death, and data were administratively censored after 10 years or on 31 December 2014. Methods: We used nonparametric multiple imputation to account for left-censored viral load measurements, Cox proportional hazards models to estimate all-cause mortality hazard ratios, Nelson–Aalen cumulative hazard estimates to construct risk curves, and inverse probability of exposure weights to standardize estimated hazard ratios and risk curves to the total study population. Results: Plots of standardized hazard ratio estimates and 95% confidence intervals indicated there was no demonstrable viral load threshold between 30 and 500 copies/ml associated with a marked increase in 10-year mortality. The standardized 10-year risk of mortality among patients with viral loads between 400 and 999 copies/ml 6 months after starting treatment was comparable with the risk of mortality among patients with viral loads between 1000 and 4 million copies/ml (20 vs. 23%). Conclusion: Incomplete suppression of plasma HIV RNA 6 months after starting therapy is associated with substantial 10-year all-cause mortality risk, highlighting the importance of rapid viral load suppression after therapy initiation.
A minimal model for a hydrodynamic fingering instability in microroller suspensions

We derive a minimal continuum model to investigate the hydrodynamic mechanism behind the fingering instability recently discovered in a suspension of microrollers near a floor [Driscoll et al. Nature Physics, 2016]. Our model, consisting of two continuous lines of rotlets, exhibits a linear instability driven only by hydrodynamics interactions, and reproduces the lengthscale selection observed in large scale particle simulations and in experiments. By adjusting only one parameter, the distance between the two lines, our dispersion relation exhibits quantitative agreement with the simulations and qualitative agreement with experimental measurements. Our linear stability analysis indicate that this instability is caused by the combination of the advective and transverse flows generated by the microrollers near a no-slip surface. Our simple model offers an interesting formalism to characterize other hydrodynamic instabilities that have not been yet well understood, such as size scale selection in suspensions of particles sedimenting adjacent to a wall, or the recently observed formations of traveling phonons in systems of confined driven particles.
The lifelong struggle of Finnish World War II veterans

Objectives: In many countries veterans from World War II are growing old. Research has shown that war experiences continue to impact those who have been involved in war for a long time. The present study targets old injured war veterans from World War II in Finland. The aim of this study was to produce knowledge of the impact of war experiences and injuries on the lifespan of Finnish war veterans. Method: The method used was grounded theory. Data were collected by interviewing 20 aged war veterans in their homes. Results: The analysis resulted in four categories, with also subcategories: (1) lost childhood and youth; (2) war traumas impacting life; (3) starting life from scratch; and (4) finding one's own place. A substantive theory of war veterans’ lifelong struggle for freedom throughout the lifespan was outlined. Conclusion: The war overshadowed the whole lifespan of the veterans, but in old age they finally felt free. Since war experiences vary depending on historical context, a formal theory would require additional research.