Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF A SMALL INTEGRATED HEAT PUMP (IHP) FOR NET ZERO ENERGY HOMES

An integrated heat pump (IHP) prototype was developed and tested over a range of operating modes and conditions. Test data was used to validate a detailed analysis model and the validated analytical tool was used to calculate the yearly performance of air- and ground-source IHP system designs optimized for R-410A in five major US cities. For the air- source IHP version, the simulation results showed ~46-67% energy savings depending upon location. For the ground-source IHP version, the simulation showed over 50% savings in all locations.
Robustness Analysis of Linear Time Periodic Systems using Harmonic Transfer Function

A new approach for the robustness analysis of linea r time-periodic (LTP) systems is proposed in this paper. In order to apply classical �-Analysis to a continuous linear timeperiodic plant, the system is transformed using a l ifting technique based on harmonic balance. This leads to a time-invariant representat ion of the system, the so called harmonic transfer function (HTF). Compared to similar methods from literature for the analysis of LTP systems, the proposed technique only moderately increases the order of the considered system, and thus prevents the appearance of unnecessary artificial inputs and outputs. Compared to existing methods, the suggested approach introduces less conservatism and comes along with a much lower computational effort. It is therefore particularly well suited for the analysis of high order models. In order to demonstrate its benefits, the new approach is benchmarked against an elementary example from literature. A complex high order helicopter model is also tested to demonstrate the applicability of the procedure to high order systems.
A Pulse Width Modulation Control System for Regulating Refrigerant Flow Into an Evaporator

ABSTRACT: In this paper, a pulse width modulation control system for regulating the refrigerant flow into an evaporator is presented. The mathematical model of the evaporator, which may be viewed as a first-order plus delay, is introduced. This leads to a conclusion that PI (PID) is adequate. To realize minimum stable signal (MSS) control and guarantee the system's safety, some rules based on knowledge and experience about refrigeration have been extracted. The advantages of the system are independent of refrigerant, independent of changes of condenser pressure, adaptation to MSS and adjustable superheat set.
Effect of voltage-loop controllers on bus voltage fluctuation and recovery time in voltage source converters

In applications employing AC-DC power converters, the DC-bus capacitor plays the role of de-coupling the instantaneous interaction between the DC-side load current and the AC-side source current. In most practical applications, the magnitude of the DC-bus ripple current maximum allowable voltage fluctuation and the voltage hold-up time determines the DC-bus capacitance with the ripple current being a primary consideration. For a power converter to operate with a small bulk capacitor, it is important for the capacitor to be able to handle the ripple current. This paper investigates the effect of voltage-loop controllers on both the transient (DC-bus voltage recovery time, and magnitude of voltage fluctuation) and the steady-state (magnitude of ripple and harmonic spectrum) response in voltage source power converters with small bulk capacitors. Emphasis is placed on power converters employing current loop controllers based on the synchronous reference frame model and voltage-loop controllers incorporating load power feedforward. It is shown that a power converter employing an inner-loop controller based on the synchronous reference frame and an outer-loop controller that includes load power feedforward, results into lower bus ripple voltage during steady-state. Additionally, a power converter operates with reduced voltage fluctuation and faster voltage recovery time following a step change in load, compared with one employing a conventional three-phase current-loop controller.
Inferring Software Composition and Credentials of Embedded Devices from Partial Knowledge

Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices or more generally embedded devices are nowadays commonly deployed in public, personal or work spaces despite suffering from security issues often related to their bad design and/or configuration. For instance, IoT botnets such as Mirai successfully compromised thousands of devices using a bruteforce method on a set of known credentials. Although brute-force attacks against a particular service (e.g. SSH, telnet) generate many packets which can be easily detected and mitigated, attackers can easily rely on TCP scans to assess the services present on a device while maintaining a high level of stealthiness. In this paper, we present a method to reconstruct precise information about an IoT device configuration (brand name, usernames, passwords, software components) from partial knowledge such as open ports revealed by a TCP scan. It relies on constituting a knowledge base from a large dataset of publicly accessible firmware serving as training multiple Random Forest (RF) classifiers. Using a dataset of 6935 embedded devices, the HTTP, SSH or DNS software names can be predicted with a precision higher than 80% with a limited knowledge. The correct HTTP, SSH or DNS versions can be inferred in more than 95% of cases after 1.4 trials on average. Similarly, our technique also predicts the password of at least one valid user in more than 97% of the cases after 1.15 trials on average.
A Distance-Constrained Semantic Autoencoder for Zero-Shot Remote Sensing Scene Classification

Zero-shot remote sensing scene classification refers to the classification of new images from unseen scene classes and has become a topic of growing interest in the field of remote sensing. Semantic autoencoders are one of the mainstream zero-shot learning methods. However, such autoencoders may not be discriminative enough for remote sensing scene images due to the high within-class diversity and between-class similarity. To address this issue, we propose a distance-constrained semantic autoencoder to deal with zero-shot remote sensing scene classification. More specifically, we learn a semantic autoencoder for seen scene classes, which allows to align the visual space and the semantic space. In order to improve the discriminative ability of this semantic autoencoder, we impose a discriminative distance metric constraint, aiming to minimize the Euclidean distances between the encoded vectors of samples of the same class and maximize the Euclidean distances between the encoded vectors of samples of different classes. Additionally, we learn a semantic autoencoder for unseen scene classes, aiming to alleviate the domain shift problem. Extensive experiments on three benchmark remote sensing scene datasets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over state-of-the-art methods.
A standby current limited performance figure of merit for deep sub-micron CMOS

The delay time of an inverter or NAND chain at a gate length yielding equal standby current and active current is used as the definition of a maximum Figure of Merit (FOM), FOM/sub max/. The circuit power that occurs under this condition of equal standby and active currents is an equally important measure. This FOM/sub max/ technique is particularly useful in characterizing complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technologies in the deep submicron regime. A knowledge of the exact value of gate length is not necessary to apply the FOM/sub max/ methodology. For a fixed supply voltage and gate oxide thickness, node capacitance and transistor drive, and off currents determine the value of FOM/sub max/. The value of gate length at which FOM/sub max/ occurs decreases with decreasing supply voltage. FOM/sub max/ analysis is applied to the comparison of CMOS technologies using gate oxide thicknesses of 5.7 and 3.8 nm.
Design and implementation of a self-tuning adaptive controller for vector-controlled induction motor drives

Vector (or, field oriented) control strategy has been accepted as one of the most effective methods in controlling induction motor drives. To employ vector control requires accurate motor parameters such as rotor time constant and mutual inductance. However, the motor drive performance may be degraded due to changing rotor time constant which is caused by rising temperature. In order to counter the parameter sensitivity issue and to develop more robust control methods, this paper proposes a self-tuning adaptive control strategy for vector-controlled induction motor drives. The adaptive control law is derived from a linear perturbation model. A multiprocessor-based experimental prototype is constructed to verify the proposed control method. Experimental and simulation results show superior performance of the adaptive control strategy to the conventional vector control one. <<ETX>>
Digital Integrated Circuits: A Design Perspective

(NOTE: Each chapter begins with an Introduction and concludes with a Summary, To Probe Further, and Exercises and Design Problems.) I. THE FABRICS. 1. Introduction. A Historical Perspective. Issues in Digital Integrated Circuit Design. Quality Metrics of a Digital Design. 2. The Manufacturing Process. The CMOS Manufacturing Process. Design Rules-The Contract between Designer and Process Engineer. Packaging Integrated Circuits. Perspective-Trends in Process Technology. 3. The Devices. The Diode. The MOS(FET) Transistor. A Word on Process Variations. Perspective: Technology Scaling. 4. The Wire. A First Glance. Interconnect Parameters-Capitance, Resistance, and Inductance. Electrical Wire Models. SPICE Wire Models. Perspective: A Look into the Future. II. A CIRCUIT PERSPECTIVE. 5. The CMOS Inverter. The Static CMOS Inverter-An Intuitive Perspective. Evaluating the Robustness of the CMOS Inverter: The Static Behavior. Performance of CMOS Inverter: The Dynamic Behavior. Power, Energy, and Energy-Delay. Perspective: Technology Scaling and Its Impact on the Inverter Metrics. 6. Designing Combinational Logic Gates in CMOS. Static CMOS Design. Dynamic CMOS Design. How to Choose a Logic Style? Perspective: Gate Design in the Ultra Deep-Submicron Era. 7. Designing Sequential Logic Circuits. Timing Metrics for Sequential Circuits. Classification of Memory Elements. Static Latches and Registers. Dynamic Latches and Registers. Pulse Registers. Sense-Amplifier Based Registers. Pipelining: An Approach to Optimize Sequential Circuits. Non-Bistable Sequential Circuits. Perspective: Choosing a Clocking Strategy. III. A SYSTEM PERSPECTIVE. 8. Implementation Strategies for Digital ICS. From Custom to Semicustom and Structured-Array Design Approaches. Custom Circuit Design. Cell-Based Design Methodology. Array-Based Implementation Approaches. Perspective-The Implementation Platform of the Future. 9. Coping with Interconnect. Capacitive Parasitics. Resistive Parasitics. Inductive Parasitics. Advanced Interconnect Techniques. Perspective: Networks-on-a-Chip. 10. Timing Issues in Digital Circuits. Timing Classification of Digital Systems. Synchronous Design-An In-Depth Perspective. Self-Timed Circuit Design. Synchronizers and Arbiters. Clock Synthesis and Synchronization Using a Phased-Locked Loop. Future Directions and Perspectives. 11. Designing Arithmetic Building Blocks. Datapaths in Digital Processor Architectures. The Adder. The Multiplier. The Shifter. Other Arithmetic Operators. Power and Spped Trade-Offs in Datapath Structures. Perspective: Design as a Trade-off. 12. Designing Memory and Array Structures. The Memory Core. Memory Peripheral Circuitry. Memory Reliability and Yield. Power Dissipation in Memories. Case Studies in Memory Design. Perspective: Semiconductor Memory Trends and Evolutions. Problem Solutions. Index.
Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Infection in a Monocotyledonous Weed (Eleusine indica)

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is one of the most important plant viruses belonging to the genus Begomovirus of the family Geminiviridae. To identify natural weed hosts that could act as reservoirs of TYLCV, 100 samples were collected at a TYLCV-affected tomato farm in Iksan from 2013 to 2014. The sample weeds were identified as belonging to 40 species from 18 families. TYLCV was detected in 57 samples belonging to 28 species through polymerase chain reaction using root samples including five species (Eleusine indica, Digitaria ciliaris, Echinochloa crus-galli, Panicum dichotomiflorum, and Setaria faberi) from the family Poaceae. Whitefly Bemisia tabaci-mediated TYLCV transmission from TYLCV-infected E. indica plants to healthy tomatoes was confirmed, and inoculated tomatoes showed typical symptoms, such as leaf curling and yellowing. In addition, TYLCV was detected in leaf and root samples of E. indica plants inoculated by both whitefly-mediated transmission using TYLCV-viruliferous whitefly and agro-inoculation using a TYLCV infectious clone. The majority of mastreviruses infect monocotyledonous plants, but there have also been reports of mastreviruses that can infect dicotyledonous plants, such as the chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus. No exception was reported among begomoviruses known as infecting dicots only. This is the first report of TYLCV as a member of the genus Begomovirus infecting monocotyledonous plants.
The advantage of implementing corrective capacitors mounted directly on the low voltage side of a high voltage power transformer

The authors describe the advantages of implementing corrective capacitors mounted directly on the low voltage side of a high voltage power transformer. These capacitors have two functions, namely: avoiding ferroresonance at the low voltage side; and reducing the inrush currents of a transformer. The elimination of ferroresonance can be achieved by connecting a capacitor of 2 mu F to earth on the low voltage side of a power transformer. The reduced inrush currents are the result of the limited remanent magnetism in the transformer, due to a switch off with a capacitor mounted directly on the low voltage side. Reduction of the inrush current ensures proper functioning of the differential protection.
Inner solar system sample return missions using solar electric propulsion

This study evaluated the effects of solar electric propulsion (SEP) and PowerSail solar array technology on four sample return missions. These missions, to the Moon, Mars, Mercury, and Venus, were compared against previous Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) studies. Compared to these baselines, PowerSail/SEP missions in general had longer trip times, though the Venus mission was of similar duration. Costs for three missions were comparable to JPL's estimates, but in the case of Mars, the PowerSail/SEP design was significantly cheaper. Moreover, for all missions, SEP allows a negative C3 launch, dramatically improving launch vehicle performance and enabling cheaper, lower risk designs. Overall, results indicate that the PowerSail/SEP combination outperforms conventional technology on large-scale missions. As a result of this study, a cohesive four-mission inner solar system sample return program is proposed.
Constituents from the Fruiting Bodies of Trametes cubensis and Trametes suaveolens in Vietnam and Their Anti-Inflammatory Bioactivity

It is reported that various fungi have been used for medicine and edible foods. The tropical Trametes genus is popular and well-known in Vietnam for its health effects and bioactivities. In this study, the fruiting bodies of the edible fungi T. cubensis and T. suaveolens were collected in Vietnam. The preliminary bioactivity screening data indicated that the methanol extracts of the fruiting bodies of T. cubensis and T. suaveolens displayed significant inhibition of superoxide anion generation and elastase release in human neutrophils. Therefore, the isolation and characterization were performed on these two species by a combination of chromatographic methods and spectrometric analysis. In total, twenty-four compounds were identified, and among these (1–3) were characterized by 1D-, 2D-NMR, and HRMS analytical data. In addition, the anti-inflammatory potentials of some purified compounds were examined by the cellular model for the inhibition of superoxide anion generation and elastase release in human neutrophils. Among the isolated compounds, (5,14), and (19) displayed significant anti-inflammatory potential. As the results suggest, the extracts and isolated compounds from T. cubensis and T. suaveolens are potential candidates for the further development of new anti-inflammatory lead drugs or natural healthy foods.
Effect of Forest Therapy on Depression and Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the effects of forest therapy on depression and anxiety using data obtained from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies. We searched SCOPUS, PubMed, MEDLINE(EBSCO), Web of science, Embase, Korean Studies Information Service System, Research Information Sharing Service, and DBpia to identify relevant studies published from January 1990 to December 2020 and identified 20 relevant studies for the synthesis. The methodological quality of eligible primary studies was assessed by ROB 2.0 and ROBINS-I. Most primary studies were conducted in the Republic of Korea except for one study in Poland. Overall, forest therapy significantly improved depression (Hedges’s g = 1.133; 95% confidence interval (CI): −1.491 to −0.775) and anxiety (Hedges’s g = 1.715; 95% CI: −2.519 to −0.912). The quality assessment resulted in five RCTs that raised potential concerns in three and high risk in two. Fifteen quasi-experimental studies raised high for nine quasi-experimental studies and moderate for six studies. In conclusion, forest therapy is preventive management and non-pharmacologic treatment to improve depression and anxiety. However, the included studies lacked methodological rigor and required more comprehensive geographic application. Future research needs to determine optimal forest characteristics and systematic activities that can maximize the improvement of depression and anxiety.
A novel, wideband, lithium niobate electrooptic modulator

A set of floating electrodes and a relatively thick buffer layer of low-dielectric constant is interspaced between the coplanar RF transmission line and the LiNbO/sub 3/ substrate containing the optical wave-guide structure. The composite structure is designed to feature a 50-/spl Omega/ characteristic impedance, to have an effective dielectric constant equal to that of the optical wave for close velocity match, and to have a 3 dB bandwidth of 40 GHz. The purpose of the floating electrodes is to optimize the modulation sensitivity resulting in an improvement of about 6 dB. As a result, the RF power required for full modulation is lower than heretofore reported changing over the range from below 2 GHz to 20 GHz, from 44 mW to less than 70 mW. The close agreement between the theoretical and experimental values of the design parameters demonstrates the usefulness of the quasistatic assumption in the analysis of the composite structure.
Identification from a computer-driven retrieval system compared with a traditional mug-shot album search: a new tool for police investigations

Abstract A computerized mug-shot system (FRAME) for police use is described and its performance compared with the traditional album search method. FRAME proved the more effective in locating typical target faces but there was no difference between the two methods for finding unusual target faces. Target faces in the album condition were less likely to be located the further down the list they occurred. Analyses of witnesses' feature descriptions are also reported.
Adopting global virtual engineering teams in AEC projects : a qualitative meta-analysis of innovation diffusion studies

Purpose – This study aims to present an integrated conceptual model in order to highlight the major aspects of diffusion of innovations in the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) context. To this end, a critical review of literature is conducted, accompanied by synthesising the findings of previous studies. The driving force behind this study is stemmed from the fragmentation of literature on innovation diffusion, and paucity of research on diffusion of Global Virtual Engineering Teams (GVETs) as the platform for many technological innovations in relevant literature. Thus, the present study is intended to facilitate filling the gap in GVETs literature. That is, the proposed model will offer a foundation for academia for grounding studies on any innovation including GVETs in the literature on innovation diffusion in the AEC context. Design/methodology/approach – This paper draws upon the qualitative meta-analysis approach encompassing a critical review of the relevant literature. To this end, .
Argos: A toolkit for tracking multiple animals in complex visual environments

Automatically tracking the positions of multiple animals is often necessary for studying behaviours. This task involves multiple object tracking, a challenging problem in computer vision. Recent advances in machine learning applied to video analysis have been helpful for animal tracking. However, existing tools work well only in homogeneous environments with uniform illumination, features rarely found in natural settings. Moreover, available algorithms cannot effectively process discontinuities in animal motion such as sudden jumps, thus requiring laborious manual review. Here we present Argos, a software toolkit for tracking multiple animals in inhomogeneous environments. Argos includes tools for compressing videos based on animal movement, for generating training sets for a convolutional neural network (CNN) to detect animals, for tracking multiple animals in a video and for facilitating review and correction of the tracks manually, with simple graphical user interfaces. We demonstrate that Argos can help reduce the amount of video data to be stored and analysed, speed up analysis and allow analysing difficult and ambiguous conditions in a scene. Thus, Argos supports multiple approaches to animal tracking suited for varying recording conditions and available computational resources. Together, these tools allow the recording and tracking of movements of multiple markerless animals in inhomogeneous environments over many hours.
Construction of a High-Density Genetic Map for Pitaya Using the Whole Genome Resequencing Approach

Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) is one of the most economic fleshy fruit tree crops. This study aimed at producing a high-density linkage genetic map of pitaya based on the whole genome resequencing (WGrS) approach. For this purpose, a bi-parental F1 population of 198 individuals was generated and genotyped by WGrS. High-quality polymorphic 6434 single polymorphism nucleotide (SNP) markers were extracted and used to construct a high-density linkage map. A total of 11 linkage groups were resolved as expected in accordance with the chromosome number. The map length was 14,128.7 cM with an average SNP interval of 2.2 cM. Homology with the sequenced reference genome was described, and the physical and genetic maps were compared with collinearity analysis. This linkage map in addition to the available genomic resources will help for quantitative trait mapping, evolutionary studies and marker-assisted selection in the important Hylocereus species.