Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A review on dynamics of mass variable systems

In this review the results of dynamics of the systems with time-variable mass are presented. After the theoretical consideration the application of the theory is shown. Special attention is paid to mechanisms and machines and also to rotors with variable mass. The systems with both: discontinual and continual mass variation is analyzed. The influence of the reactive force on the motion of the system is investigated. Numerous analytical solving procedures are developed for solving the systems. The intention of the paper is to give the directions of further investigation.
Molecular Characteristic of Giant Grouper (Epinephelus Lanceolatus)Vitellogenin

The Vitellogenin (Vtg) gene sequence acts as an indicator to the fish reproduction, which can adapt to the environment factor or can influence the gonad development. The Vtg nucleotide sequence from Giant grouper was characterized using bioinformatics software. A homology search of the deduced amino acid sequence of the obtained Vtg DNAs (compare with 13 species) was carried out using the National Centre for Biotechnology Information website. Clustal W analysis was constructed a phylogenetic tree by using Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis MEGA version 5.2. 2. In order to verify the Vtg gene sequences obtaind and elucidate structure-function relationship in Vtg, by using DELTA BLAST of 3-D structure of Giant grouper with others fishes. Result of phylogenetic analysis using Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Neighbour Joining (NJ) showed tree analysis generated two separated tree topology. This similarity (0.015 distance matric viewer) was closely related in terms of their Vtg gene sequence although from different environmental and ecological conditions. In general, showed that Epinephelus lanceolatus Vtg is evolutionary more related to Poecilia latipinna. Epinephelus lanceolatus shows four main domains (Vitellogenin-N, DUF1943, DUF1944 and VMD), similarly found in Dicentrachus labrax but was different compare to Clarias macrochepalus, Catla catla, and Danio rerio. This indicates characteristic of Vtg domain for freshwater species is control by present of VMD in Vtg. The molecular approach can be done on Giant Grouper to understand the molecular respond towards fish growth and determine the individual of Giant grouper that has potential to increasing the Vtg production for increasing eggs quality.
Towards Fluid Speech-based Text Interaction

Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author. Copyright is held by the owner/author(s). CHI’17 Workshop on Designing Speech, Acoustic, and Multimodal Interactions, 7 May 2017, Denver, CO. Abstract Relying on just speech input to create, edit, and revise text can be challenging. While dictating the bulk of your text using speech recognition can be quick, subsequent editing steps are often best done using other input methods such as a keyboard or mouse. This position paper describes our efforts to make editing more fluid when speech is the primary or only input modality. We describe our approach to automatically inferring the location of a spoken correction or revision within the original speech recognition result. We describe our probabilistic merge model that combines information from the original recognition and the correction recognition to improve accuracy on the final correction. Lastly we describe how allowing users to provide spelling information can substantially improve accuracy.
Assessing Potential Climate Change Impacts on Irrigation Requirements of Major Crops in the Brazos Headwaters Basin, Texas

In order for the agricultural sector to be sustainable, farming practices and management strategies need to be informed by site-specific information regarding potential climate change impacts on irrigation requirements and water budget components of different crops. Such information would allow managers and producers to select cropping systems that ensure efficient use of water resources and crop productivity. The major challenge in understanding the link between cropping systems and climate change is the uncertainty of how the climate would change in the future and lack of understanding how different crops would respond to those changes. This study analyzed the potential impact of climate change on irrigation requirements of four major crops (cotton, corn, sorghum, and winter wheat) in the Brazos Headwaters Basin, Texas. The irrigation requirement of crops was calculated for the baseline period (1980–2010) and three projected periods: 2020s (2011–2030), 2055s (2046–2065), and 2090s (2080–2099). Daily climate predictions from 15 general circulation models (GCMs) under three greenhouse gas (GHG) emission scenarios (B1, A1B, and A2) were generated for three future periods using the Long Ashton Research Station–Weather Generator (LARS-WG) statistical downscaling model. Grid-based (55 grids at ~38 km resolution) irrigation water requirements (IRRs) and other water budget components of each crop were calculated using the Irrigation Management System (IManSys) model. Future period projection results show that evapotranspiration (ET) and IRR will increase for all crops, while precipitation is projected to decrease compared with the baseline period. On average, precipitation meets only 25–32% of the ET demand, depending on crop type. In general, projections from almost all GCMs show an increase in IRR for all crops for the three future periods under the three GHG emission scenarios. Irrigation requirement prediction uncertainty between GCMs was consistently greater in July and August for corn, cotton, and sorghum regardless of period and emission scenario. However, for winter wheat, greater uncertainties between GCMs were observed during April and May. Irrigation requirements show significant variations across spatial locations. There was no consistent spatial trend in changes of IRR for the four crops. A unit change in precipitation is projected to affect IRR differently depending on the crop type.
The economics of health and safety: An interdisciplinary review of the theory and policy

This paper engages in an interdisciplinary survey of the current state of knowledge related to the theory, determinants and consequences of occupational safety and health (OSH). It first describes the fundamental theoretical construct of compensating wage differentials, which is used by economists to understand the optimal provision of OSH in a perfectly competitive labour market. The plethora of incentives faced by workers and firms in job and insurance markets that determine the ultimate level of OSH are discussed in detail. The extensive empirical evidence from the hedonic wage and stated choice approaches used to assess the value of OSH is reviewed. The causes of inefficiency and inequity in the market for OSH, such as externalities, moral hazard in compensation insurance, systematic biases in individual risk perception/well-being and labour market segregation are subsequently examined. The implications of government intervention and regulation for tackling the aforementioned inefficiencies in OSH are then considered. Finally, the survey identifies areas of future research interests and suggests indicators and priorities for policy initiatives that can improve the health and safety of workers in modern job markets.
Competition for scarce resources

We show that the efficient allocation of production capacity can turn a competitive industry and downstream market into an imperfectly competitive one. Even though downstream firms have symmetric production technologies, the downstream industry structure will be symmmetric only if capacity is sufficiently scarce. Otherwise it will be asymmetric, with one large fat capacity-hoarding firm and a fringe of smaller lean and fit firms, so that Tobin`s Q varies inversely with firm size. This is so even if the number of firms is infinitely large. As demand or input quantity varies, the industry may switch between symmetric and asymmetric phases, generating predictions for firm size and costs across the business cycle. Surprisingly, an increase in available capacity resulting in such a switch can cause a reduction in total output and consumer surplus.
Social capital and mental health: connections and complexities in contexts of post conflict recovery

In war affected populations there is often severe disruption of societal cohesion. Additionally, grief and traumatisation, along with insufficient health services and a lack of security, give rise to an increase of mental health problems. Social capital is potentially a key resource to support post conflict recovery, and is increasingly considered not merely as a resource supporting economic and social development, but also an important influence on population health. However, linkages between social capital and mental health are complex. Therefore, this article begins with an introduction to the construct of social capital, then provides an overview of the main findings on its relation to health and wellbeing, as well to mental health in general and in post emergency situations. Finally, it explores if social capital may be promoted intentionally, as pursued through a community based sociotherapy programme in Rwanda. While there appears to be a rationale for promoting social capital within post conflict settings, further work is required, both documenting reliable means of securing it and disentangling pathways of influence on social wellbeing and mental health.
Measures of distortion for machine learning

Given data from a general metric space, one of the standard machine learning pipelines is to first embed the data into a Euclidean space and subsequently apply out of the box machine learning algorithms to analyze the data. The quality of such an embedding is typically described in terms of a distortion measure. In this paper, we show that many of the existing distortion measures behave in an undesired way, when considered from a machine learning point of view. We investigate desirable properties of distortion measures and formally prove that most of the existing measures fail to satisfy these properties. These theoretical findings are supported by simulations, which for example demonstrate that existing distortion measures are not robust to noise or outliers and cannot serve as good indicators for classification accuracy. As an alternative, we suggest a new measure of distortion, called $\sigma$-distortion. We can show both in theory and in experiments that it satisfies all desirable properties and is a better candidate to evaluate distortion in the context of machine learning.
A New Subspecies, Ablepharus kitaibelii (Bibron & Borry, 1833) budaki n. ssp. (Sauria: Scincidae) From the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus

A new subspecies. Ablepharus kitaibelii budbki n. spp. that is distinguished from previously described subspecies, is recognized. Designation of A. k. budaki as a new subspecies, separate from the other subspecies, is based on the following characteristics: (a) the ventral side colouration of the trunk and tail. (b) the number of the vertical rows of scales between the masseteric and ear opening and (c) the size of the ear openings. Moreover, it is pointed out that the population of A. kitaibelii and especially the taxonomical status of A. k. chernovi in Turkey should be considered again.
Equivariant concordance of invariant knots

The classification of equivariant concordance classes of high-dimensional codimension two knots invariant under a cyclic action, T, of order m has previously been reported on by Cappell and Shaneson [CS2]. They give an algebraic solution in terms of their algebraic K-theoretic F-groups. This work gives an alternative description by generalizing the well-known Seifert linking forms of knot theory to the equivariant case. This allows explicit algorithmic computations by means of the procedures and invariants of algebraic number theory (see the subsequent work [St], particularly Theorem 6.13). Following Levine [13], we define bilinear forms on the middle-dimensional homology of an equivariant Seifert surface B,(x, y) = L(x, i+(T;y)), for i = 1, . , m. Our first result (2.5) is that an invariant knot is equivariantly concordant to an invariant trivial knot if and only if there is a subspace of half the rank on which the B, vanish simultaneously. We then introduce the concepts of equivariant isometric structure and algebraic concordance which mirror the preceding geometric ideas. The resulting equivalence classes form a group under direct sum which has infinitely many elements of each of the possible orders (two, four and infinite), at least for odd periods. The central computation (3.4) gives an isomorphism of the equivariant concordance group with the subgroup of the algebraic knot concordance group whose Alexander polynomial, A, satisfies the classical relation 117. A(X9i)l = 1, where X is a primitive mth root of unity. This condition assures that the m-fold cover of the knot complement is also a homology circle, permitting the geometric realization of each equivariant isometric structure. Finally, we make an explicit computation of the Browder-Livesay desuspension invariant for knots invariant under an involution and also elucidate the connection of our methods with the results of [CS2] by explicitly describing a homomorphism from the group of equivariant isometric structures to the appropriate F-group. Introduction. The initial impetus and inspirational origins for this paper are found in the work of Santiago Lopez de Medrano on codimension two knots invariant under involutions [LdM1]-[LdM3] and in that of William Browder on homotopy lens spaces, particularly in the philosophical directions indicated in the last paragraphs of the introduction to his paper in the Proceedings of the 1969 Georgia Conference on the Topology of Manifolds [Br3]. Also very influential in the development were the works of H. Seifert [Sei], R. Received by the editors August 10, 1976. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 57C45, 57D40, 57D85.
Communicating about the risks and benefits of genetically modified foods. Effects of different information strategies

The research reported here aimed to investigate the effects of different types of information about genetically modified foods on both consumer attitudes towards genetic modification and their tendency to choose genetically modified products (compared to more traditionally manufactured alternatives). The impact of information strategy (balanced, or product specific), attributed information source (The “European Association of Consumers”, the “European Association of Industry” or the “European Commission”) and type of product (yoghurt or beer) were systematically examined in the four European countries involved in the research. The effects of a classical advertising approach were also examined in Denmark and Germany. The results indicated that • Providing information does not increase acceptance of genetically modified foods. The reverse was found to be true. • In all countries, consumers tended to select non-genetically modified products. Cross-national differences related to type of product were not very pronounced. • Those respondents who had positive prior attitudes towards genetically modified foods were more likely to select genetically modified foods. These attitudes were not influenced by information provision. • The form of information strategy about genetically modified foods was not important. However, the provision of information (in itself) was more likely to activate existing attitudes already held by respondents than change these attitudes. • Labelling of genetically modified products alone was unlikely to result in attitude activation. • These results are likely to be applicable only in cultures in which attitudes towards genetically modified foods are already well established. Information may have a different impact in countries in which the public have not been exposed to information about genetically modified foods. • Information source characteristics do influence consumer choices regarding genetically modified foods. In particular, consumers are more likely to choose genetically modified products if the source providing information about them is perceived to be honest, and the information is product specific, or if the source is perceived to be dishonest, and the information is balanced and general in content. • Industry was perceived to be more dishonest providers of information about genetically modified foods in Denmark, Italy and the United Kingdom, but not in Germany, where industry was as trusted as the other sources. • Increased transparency might improve public trust in industry. However, the public are more likely to believe the European Commission or consumer organisations when communicating about genetic modification.
Investigation of amorphous germanium contact properties with planar detectors made from USD-grown germanium crystals

The characterization of detectors fabricated from home-grown crystals is the most direct way to study crystal properties. We fabricated planar detectors from high-purity germanium (HPGe) crystals grown at the University of South Dakota (USD). In the fabrication process, a HPGe crystal slice cut from a USD-grown crystal was coated with a high resistivity thin film of amorphous Ge (a-Ge) followed by depositing a thin layer of aluminum on top of the a-Ge film to define the physical area of the contacts. We investigated the detector performance including the I-V characteristics, C-V characteristics and spectroscopy measurements for a few detectors. The results document the good quality of the USD-grown crystals and electrical contacts.
The Elastic Contact of Rough Spheres Investigated Using a Deterministic Multi-Asperity Model

In this paper, we use a deterministic multi-asperity model to investigate the elastic contact of rough spheres. Synthetic rough surfaces with controllable spectra were used to identify individual asperities, their locations and curvatures. The deterministic analysis enables to capture both particular deformation modes of individual rough surfaces and also statistical deformation regimes, which involve averaging over a big number of roughness realizations. Two regimes of contact area growth were identified: the Hertzian regime at light loads at the scale of a single asperity, and the linear regime at higher loads involving multiple contacting asperities. The transition between the regimes occurs at the load which depends on the second and the fourth spectral moments. It is shown that at light indentation the radius of circumference delimiting the contact area is always considerably larger than Hertzian contact radius. Therefore, it suggests that there is no scale separation in contact problems at light loads. In particular, the geometrical shape cannot be considered separately from the surface roughness at least for approaching greater than one standard roughness deviation.
A Target Platform Description Language for Parallel Code Generation

Today, facilities used for scientific computing are highly parallel and becoming more and more heterogeneous. This trend can be easily seen in the TOP500 list, where an increasing number of systems is equipped with accelerators, such as graphics processor units (GPUs) or many-cores. To achieve the best performance on such machines, special tweaking of the code is necessary, which takes time and expert knowledge of the hardware and corresponding optimization techniques. Domainspecific languages (DSLs) are a remedy to this dilemma by separating the algorithm specification from its implementation, leaving room for optimizations to be applied automatically by the DSL compiler. Thus, the compiler needs to have a profound knowledge of the target platform, e.g., available accelerators and how to program them, details of the network topology to optimize communication patterns, as well as CPU specifications for cache optimizations and vectorization. In this paper, we introduce our approach to modeling hardware and software information to provide platform details that our code generator requires to optimize and emit code for the solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) using the geometric multigrid method.
Millimeter-Wave High-Gain Frequency-Scanned Antenna Based on Waveguide Continuous Transverse Stubs

A millimeter-wave frequency-scanned antenna based on continuous transverse stubs applications is presented in this communication. The waveguide CTS radiation slots are fed by a wideband quasi-TEM linear source generator (LSG). To increase the scanning angle, a nonuniform slow-wave structure is employed underneath the radiation slots to control the amplitude and phase distributions. The LSG is constructed of a parallel-plate waveguide excited by a modified three-stage 1-to-8 power divider, generating high-quality quasi-TEM wave over a wide frequency band. The beam direction is tunable with varying frequency. To validate the design, a prototype array at the Ka-band is designed, fabricated, and measured. Excellent agreement is achieved between simulations and measurements. The measured results show that the proposed array has an impedance bandwidth from 26 to 42 GHz (47%). The peak gain is 22.9–29.2 dBi, and the radiation angle can be scanned from −56.2° to −2.2°. Over the entire frequency band, the first sidelobe is suppressed to below −12.6 dB.
Simulating river flow to the Baltic Sea from climate simulations over the past millennium

The aim of this study was to reconstruct river flow to the Baltic Sea using data from different periods during the past thousand years. A hydrological model coupled to simulations from climate models was used to estimate river flow. A "millennium" simulation of past climate from the ECHO-G coupled atmosphere-ocean global climate model provided climatological inputs. Results from this global model were downscaled with the RCA3 regional climate model over northern Europe. Temperature and precipitation from the downscaled simulation results were then used in the HBV hydrological model to simulate river flows to the Baltic Sea for the periods 1000-1199 and 1551-1929. These were compared with observations for the period 1921-2002. A general conclusion from this work is that although climate has varied during the past millennium, variability in annual river flow to the Baltic Sea does not appear more pronounced in recent years than during the previous millennium, or vice versa.
Immigrant Birthcountry Networks and Unemployment Duration: Evidence Around the Great Recession

Using data from the CPS this paper examines the role of birth-country networks on immigrants' unemployment duration from 2001 to 2013. We find that networks significantly lower unemployment duration for all immigrants. Varying the effect of networks over duration categories we find that networks are more effective in lowering duration for immigrants unemployed for 1-2 months than immigrants who are unemployed for longer periods and this effect is further strengthened during the post recession period. This supports the Calvo-Armengol and Jackson hypothesis which posits that longer the agent is unemployed, less effective are her social networks in job search. Our findings are robust to different specifications.