Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ureteral stent versus no ureteral stent for ureteroscopy in the management of renal and ureteral calculi: A Cochrane review.

INTRODUCTION We aimed to assess the effects of postoperative ureteral stent placement after uncomplicated ureteroscopy. METHODS We performed a comprehensive search with no restrictions on publication language or status up to February 1, 2019. We only included randomized trials. Two review authors independently examined full-text reports, identified relevant studies, assessed the eligibility of studies for inclusion, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. We performed statistical analyses using a random-effects model and assessed the certainty of the evidence according to GRADE. RESULTS We included 23 studies with 2656 randomized patients. Primary outcomes: It is uncertain whether stenting reduces the number of unplanned return visits (very low CoE). Pain on the day of surgery is probably similar (mean difference [MD] 0.32; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.13-0.78; moderate CoE). Pain on postoperative days 1-3 may show little to no difference (SMD 0.25; 95% CI -0.32-0.82; low CoE). It is uncertain whether stented patients experience more pain on postoperative days 4-30 (very low CoE). Stenting may result in little to no difference in the need for secondary interventions (relative risk [RR] 1.15; 95% CI 0.39-3.33; low CoE). SECONDARY OUTCOMES We are uncertain whether stenting reduces the need for narcotics and reduces ureteral stricture rates up to 90 days (very low CoE). Rates of hospital admission may be slightly reduced (RR 0.70; 95% CI 0.32-1.55; low CoE). This review was limited to patients in whom ureteroscopy was deemed 'uncomplicated. ' In addition, time intervals for the grouping for the reported degree of pain were established post hoc. The CoE for most outcomes was rated as low or very low for methodological reasons. CONCLUSIONS Findings of this review illustrate the tradeoffs of risks and benefits faced by urologists and their patients when it comes to decision-making about stent placement after uncomplicated ureteroscopy for stone disease.
Evaluating the Effect of Simulated Altitude on the Metabolic Cost of Performing an Equivalent Task

This project is part of a series of studies investigating modifications of existing methods for monitoring the potential for heat exhaustion. Heat exhaustion arises from a combination of measurable variables in the human body. The primary contributing factors to heat exhaustion include core temperature, high energy consumption with improper caloric intake, and dehydration. Despite close monitoring and replenishment of hydration and energy levels, some individuals still succumb to heat exhaustion (Cuddy & Ruby, 2011). One population exposed to significant risk factors of heat exhaustion are wildland fire fighters (WLFFs). WLFFs work at an average rate of 229 + 56 kcal/hour over the course of a typical 12-16 hour work day (Ruby et al., 2002). Often, this high energy expenditure combined with envronmental hazards including difficult terrain at high elevation and ambient heat contribute to overall risk of heat exhaustion among this population. Despite the many models developed to prevent heat exhaustion, none account for this unique combination of risk factors to which WLFFs are often exposed. This study was conducted to evaluate how to modify existing administrative guidelines by incorporating the effect of altitude on metabolic expenditure to better model potential for heat exhaution in this population. Weight loss is widely observed in humans moving to higher altitude, this is hypothesized to be the result of a combination of factors rather than simply an elevated basal metabolic rate (BMR) (Lippl et al., 2010). Kong et. al (Kong, Zang, & Hu, 2014) investigated the effect of hypoxia training on weight loss by administering an identical exercise and caloric intake regimen to two separate participant groups. One exercised in a normobaric hypoxic environment while the other exercised in a normoxic environment. The hypoxia group was found to have a significantly greater amount of weightloss when compared to the normoxia group. The factors contributing to weight loss include reduced food and liquid intake due to loss of appetite. Our understanding of how altitudue effects appetite is limited, but necessary to plan a more appropriate balance of food and liquid intake for WLFFs. We hypothesized that metabolic cost while working at altitude negatively influences worker health and safety and a greater understanding of how altitude effects energy expenditure can be used to modify existing administrative guidelines to protect workers from heat exhaustion.
Short-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Hepatic Encephalopathy Risk in Patients with Decompensated Cirrhosis

Objective: A window period of approximately 3–6 months is usually adopted in studies that evaluate hepatic encephalopathy (HE) risk in proton pump inhibitor (PPI) users. However, HE risk after short-term PPI exposure remains unclear. We explored the effect of short-term PPI exposure using a case-crossover study design. Design: Records of patients with decompensated cirrhosis who had received an HE diagnosis were retrieved from the National Health Insurance Research Database. PPI use rates were compared for case and control with window periods of 7, 14, and 28 days. The adjusted self-matched odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) from a conditional logistic regression model were used to determine the association between PPI use and HE risk. Results: Overall, 13 195 patients were analyzed. The adjusted OR for HE risk after PPI exposure was 3.13 (95% CI = 2.33–4.20) for the 7-day window, 4.77 (95% CI = 3.81–5.98) for the 14-day window, and 5.60 (95% CI = 4.63–6.78) for the 28-day window. All PPI categories, except omeprazole and pantoprazole, were associated with an increased HE risk. Irrespective of other precipitating factors, such as recent gastrointestinal bleeding or infection, PPI significantly increased HE risk. Conclusion: Short-term PPI use is significantly associated with HE in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Physicians should use PPI in these patients for appropriate indications, and carefully monitor signs of HE even after short-term exposure. Owing to the limitations of retrospective design in the current study, further study is warranted to confirm our findings.
Tilburg University Export and Innovation in Sub-Saharan Africa

Our study seeks to examine the bi-directional relationship between innovation and exporting in four countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. We hypothesize that there is a positive relationship between innovation and subsequent exporting, and that this relationship is mediated by market creation. We also hypothesize that there is a positive relationship between exporting and subsequent innovation, with customer feedback mediating this relation. We analyze firm-level data from a repeated cross-sectional survey design from the 2006/07 and 2013 World Bank Enterprise Surveys and 2013 Innovation Follow-up survey. Our results show that the relation between innovation and subsequent exporting is positive and significant. However, we find a positive but non-significant relation between exporting and subsequent innovation. These relations broadly nuance a bi-directional relationship between innovation and exporting. Furthermore, we find that market creation significantly mediates about 32.5% of the effect of innovation on subsequent exporting. Similarly but to a much larger extent, customer feedback is found to significantly mediate about 67.4%of the effect of exporting on subsequent innovation.
Inverse eigenstrain analysis of residual stresses in friction stir welds

This paper presents the results of eigenstrain analysis in a friction stir welded 12mm-thick 12%Cr steel plate. The finite element models are established for inverse eigenstrain analysis for three different model cases. As the region containing the eigenstrain distribution expands, the accuracy of the residual strain reconstruction improves. If the eigenstrain is allowed to be present along the entirety of the sample, good agreement can be achieved. It is also noting that eigenstrain (permanent plastic strain) represents the consequence of numerous inelastic processes occurring during to welding. The results suggest that significant inelastic deformation of the plate takes place even at larger distances from the weld. This conclusion requires validation by independent means, experimental and/or modelling. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Can IT Outsourcing Enhance Firm Performance of Banks : an Empirical Study of IT Outsourcing Impact on Banks ’ Performance

ed directly from Compustat. , i t j MB  = the market to book ratio of bank i in year t + j, where j=0, 1 or 2. The MB values are abstracted directly from Compustat. , i t j EVENT  = a dummy variable of bank i in year t + j, where j=0, 1 or 2. The value of EVENT equals to 1 if bank i is an IT outsourcing bank and equals to 0 if bank i belongs to the matched control group. As model (1) shows, three factors are taken into consideration: the firm performance one year before IT outsourcing (pre-event performance), firm size (measured by total assets) and the growth proxy market to book ratio. All the data are obtained directly from Compustat. This model is similar to the model developed by Li Wang et al (2008). Each of the performance measures is estimated from the year that IT outsourcing is announced (year t) to two years after IT outsourcing announcement (year t+1 and year t+2), using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimation method. Pi, t-1 is employed to control for the ―halo‖ effect. TA and MB are used to exclude other confounding factors caused by other company activities or events besides IT outsourcing. The EVENT dummy variable is assigned value of 1 if a bank is in the sample group and value of 0 if a bank is in the matched control group. The coefficient of the EVENT dummy (β4 ) shows if IT outsourcing banks outperform their matched counterparts. Take ROA for example. If the value of β 4 is positive, the result would indicate that IT outsourcing banks experience better firm-level performance under the performance measurement of ROA. On the contrary, a negative value of β 4 would indicate that the firm-level performance measured by ROA of the sample banks is not as good as that of the control group, which means IT outsourcing cannot enhance firm performance for banks. The explanation goes same to the other three performance measurements (ROE, ROI and NMI). Table 8 demonstrates the OLS estimation of the regression model.
The Physiological Characteristics and Related Genes of A Physiologically Etiolated Cabernet Sauvignon Grapevine ∗

Physiologically etiolated Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine provide materials for the study of the structure and function of the photosynthetic system and gene expression and regulatory mechanisms. This study describes the analysis of an etiolated grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.cv. Cabernet Sauvignon). The leaves are light yellow, thin, and fragile, and the plants have smaller fruit clusters, with fruits that are lighter in both weight and color, than those of wild-type. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid were found to be significantly lower in etiolated leaves than in green leaves, while the etiolated leaves cells displayed structural defects, and the photosynthetic performance of the leaves was markedly reduced. Affymetrix GeneChip oligonucleotide arrays were employed to identify differentially expressed genes between the etiolated and control samples. A total of 2,911 and 775 genes displayed altered expression in the leaves and fruits, respectively, and were associated with various metabolic pathways. In particular, there was a significant repression of genes associated with photosynthesis, including the metabolism of porphyrin and chlorophyll, as well as genes involved in the synthesis of plant hormones and proteins. By contrast, there was significant upregulation of AAT genes, which are related to carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, BZ1, which is involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, and PaO and RCCR, which function in chlorophyll degradation.
Quality Circle: A Study on Impact of Employee Participation, Team Spirit, Working Environment in Technical Educational Institutional Performance

A quality circle is a participatory management technique that enlists the help of employees in solving problems related to their own jobs. Circles are formed of employees working together in an operation who meet at intervals to discuss problems of quality and to devise solutions for improvements. In the belief of employees can able to solve the issues by their own involvement and approach, quality circles are quite implemented in all most all organizations. The present research paper is an attempt to explain at what extent that the Quality Circles implementation can influence institutional performance that has been influenced by Employee Voluntary Participation, Team Spirit, and Working environment. This paper is an empirical research using the sample of Technical Educational Institutions in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh and the respondents were selected from these institutions. Proposed Hypotheses were testing using multiple regression analysis (Structural Equation Modeling). The findings show that employee participation and working environment has a positive impact quality circle implementation while team spirit has a negative influence on quality circle
Empowered to Confront: Power and Confronting Sexism

The confrontation of prejudicial remarks leads to multiple benefits including a decrease in the likelihood of future expressions of prejudice, an increase in egalitarian norms, and more positive affect for the confronter. Prejudicial comments such as sexist remarks, however, frequently go unchallenged. Research shows that women, while reporting a desire to confront, have very low rates of confronting sexist acts, in part because they perceive that the potential benefits of confronting do not outweigh the potential costs. The current studies examine a possible moderating variable, power, which may increase the perceived benefits of confronting sexist remarks as well as the assertiveness of confronting. In Study 1 (n = 138), we investigated whether priming women to feel powerful shifts the cost-benefit analysis of confronting. Results indicated that women primed by recalling a time when they had power over someone else (i.e., high power prime) associated more benefits with the confrontation of sexism compared to women who were primed to recall a time when someone had power over them (i.e., low power prime). Study 2 (n = 111) used an experimentally controlled scenario to test whether embodied power primes (i.e., an expansive body position) led to an increase in the assertiveness of real-world confronting. Results provided evidence that power primes led to greater assertiveness in confronting, with women who took an expansive body position expressing more disagreement with a sexist remark compared to women who held a contractive body position or a control position. Implications for the confronting literature and behavior in the real world are discussed.
PSO based Determination of SVC Control Parameters for Power System Transient Stability Improvement

In this paper, particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is used to find the optimal control parameters of FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) SVC (Static VAR Compensator) device. SVC is used for voltage and reactive power control in two machine transmission system with PSS (Power System Stabilizer). Simulations are implemented in MATLAB – Simulink. The main purpose of the study is to control the bus voltage deviations after fault. The differences between SVC with unoptimizated control parameters and optimizated control parameters are showed in this paper. Simulation results showed that SVC with optimal parameters is provided the minimum bus voltage deviations after fault.
A model study of tropical gravity wave changes with El Niño and La Niña 1 conditions and wave forcing of the quasibiennial oscillation

Using an idealized model framework with high-frequency tropical latent heating variability derived from global satellite observations of precipitation and clouds, we examine the properties and effects of gravity waves in the lower stratosphere, contrasting conditions in an El Niño and La Niña year. The model generates a broad spectrum of tropical waves including planetaryscale waves through mesoscale gravity waves. We compare modeled monthlymean regional variations in wind and temperature with reanalyses, and we validate the modeled gravity waves using satelliteand balloon-based estimates of gravity wave momentum flux. Some interesting El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) changes in the gravity spectrum of momentum flux are found in the model which are discussed in terms of the ENSO variations in clouds, precipitation, and large-scale winds. The modeled intermittency in gravity wave momentum flux is shown to be very realistic compared to observations, and the largest amplitude waves are related to significant gravity wave drag forces in the lowermost stratosphere. This strong intermittency is generally absent or weak in climate models due to deficiencies in parameterizations of gravity wave intermittency. Our results suggest a way forward to improve model representations of lowermost stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation winds and teleconnections. 14
Repository 6-13-2018 Human Demonstration Does Not Facilitate the Performance of Horses ( Equus caballus ) in a Spatial Problem-Solving Task

Horses’ ability to adapt to new environments and to acquire new information plays an important role in handling and training. Social learning in particular would be very adaptive for horses as it enables them to flexibly adjust to new environments. In the context of horse handling, social learning from humans has been rarely investigated but could help to facilitate management practices. We assessed the impact of human demonstration on the spatial problem-solving abilities of horses during a detour task. In this task, a bucket with a food reward was placed behind a double-detour barrier and 16 horses were allocated to two test groups of 8 horses each. One group received a human demonstration of how to solve the spatial task while the other group received no demonstration. We found that horses did not solve the detour task more often or faster with human demonstration. However, both test groups improved rapidly over trials. Our results suggest that horses prefer to use individual rather than social information when solving a spatial problem-solving task.
A 99 , 052510 ( 2019 ) Rydberg states of the CdAr van der Waals complex

A theoretical study of the relatively unexplored area of low-lying Rydberg states of van der Waals molecules (vdW) in the particular case of the CdAr system is presented. The fully ab initio calculation of the potential energy curves (PECs) of the excited vdW complex CdAr above the (5s6s) S1, S0 atomic asymptotes, reaching the (5s6p) P0,1,2, (5s5d ) D2,D1,2,3, (5s6p) P1, and (5s7s) S1, S0, is performed. All the calculated PECs of the Rydberg states of symmetry exhibit undulations resulting in the double-well character that was already observed experimentally in the case of the lowest Rydberg states of various 12 group metal–rare gas vdW complexes. The outer wells obtained within the present work are shallow with depths not exceeding 20 cm−1 below the atomic asymptote and reaching equilibrium distance of roughly 27 bohr in the case of states correlating with the (5s7s) S1, S0 asymptotes. The largest calculated values of permanent electric dipoles at equilibrium distances exceed 10 D in the case of 1 Rydberg states correlating with (5s6p) P1 and (5s5d ) D2 atomic asymptotes. The calculations were performed within the second-order multireference perturbation theory. The performance of this particular theoretical ab initio approach is discussed in the context of the considered type of systems and compared, wherever it was possible, with the benchmark results of the coupled-cluster method obtained in this work, with other ab initio calculations based on multireference perturbation theory and experimental data.
An English-Italian MWE dictionary

English. The translation of Multiword Expressions (MWEs) requires the knowledge of the correct equivalent in the target language which is hardly ever the result of a literal translation. This paper is based on the assumption that the proper treatment of MWEs in Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications and in particular in Machine Translation and Translation technologies calls for a computational approach which must be, at least partially, knowledge-based, and in particular should be grounded on an explicit linguistic description of MWEs, both using an electronic dictionary and a set of rules. The hypothesis is that a linguistic approach can complement probabilistic methodologies to help identify and translate MWEs correctly since hand-crafted and linguisticallymotivated resources, in the form of electronic dictionaries and local grammars, obtain accurate and reliable results for NLP purposes. The methodology adopted for this research work is based on (i) Nooj, an NLP environment which allows the development and testing of the linguistic resources, (ii) an electronic English-Italian MWE dictionary, (iii) a set of local grammars. The dictionary mainly consists of English phrasal verbs, support verb constructions, idiomatic expressions and collocations together with their translation in Italian and contains different types of MWE POS patterns. Italiano. La traduzione delle polirematiche richiede la conoscenza del corretto equivalente nella lingua di arrivo che raramente è il risultato di una traduzione letterale. Questo contributo si basa sul presupposto che il corretto trattamento delle polirematiche in applicazioni di Trattamento Automatico del Linguaggio (TAL) ed in particolare di Traduzione Automatica e nelle tecnologie per la traduzione, più in generale, richiede un approccio computazionale che deve essere, almeno in parte, basato su dati linguistici, ed in particolare su una descrizione linguistica esplicita delle polirematiche, mediante l’uso di un dizionario macchina ed un insieme di regole. L'ipotesi è che un approccio linguistico può integrare le metodologie statisticoprobabilistiche per una corretta identificazione e traduzione delle polirematiche, poiché risorse linguistiche quali dizionari macchina e grammatiche locali ottengono risultati accurati per gli scopi del TAL. La metodologia adottata per questa ricerca si basa su (i) Nooj, un ambiente TAL che permette lo sviluppo e la sperimentazione di risorse linguistiche, (ii) un dizionario macchina IngleseItaliano di polirematiche, (iii) un insieme di grammatiche locali. Il dizionario è costituito principalmente da verbi frasali, verbi supporto, espressioni idiomatiche e collocazioni inglesi e contiene diversi tipi di modelli di polirematiche nonché la loro traduzione in lingua italiana.
Claim Retrieval in Twitter 1

Controversial topics, especially the new emerging ones are widely discussed and searched in social medias like Twitter. When people are interested in topics and search on Twitter, high quality tweets are expected to appear at the top. Since it is only argumentation that truly reasons things out, we believe that high quality tweets are those with argumentation that consists of claim and evidence. Moreover, claim is the heart of argumentation, we concentrate on claim retrieval in Twitter. Based on a learning-to-rank framework, we integrate Twitter structural information and topic-independent claim-related lexicon to re-rank the relevant tweet list pre-retrieved by BM25 scores. We also automatically construct topicdependent claim-oriented lexicons to further elevate the retrieval performance. Additionally, our model can be easily adapted to new topics without any manual process or external information, which guarantees the practicability of our model.