Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rubiscolin-6 rapidly suppresses the postprandial motility of the gastric antrum and subsequently increases food intake via δ-opioid receptors in mice

Rubiscolin-6 is a food-derived opioid peptide found in Spinacia oleracea that has anti-nociceptive, memory-enhancing, anxiolytic-like and anti-depressant effects. Rubiscolin-6 has been reported to have two opposing effects on food intake. Food intake is closely connected to gut motility; however, to the best of our knowledge, the effect of rubiscolin-6 on gut motility has not been reported. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of rubiscolin-6 on postprandial motility of the gastric antrum in conscious mice. A catheter was implanted in the gastric antrum of male C57BL/6J mice. Manometric measurements were performed in fasted male mice and chow was then provided to assess motility in the fed state. Rubiscolin-6, the δ-opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole, a mixture of rubiscolin-6 and naltrindole, or vehicle was administered intraperitoneally 30 min after eating. The percentage motor index (%MI) was then calculated. Cumulative food intake was measured in both ad libitum-fed and overnight-fasted mice. The %MI was significantly lower in mice treated with rubiscolin-6 compared with that in the other groups, but normalized by treatment with the rubiscolin-6/naltrindole mixture. The decrease in %MI induced by rubiscolin-6 remained for 1 h after administration. Cumulative food intake was significantly higher 4 and 6 h after rubiscolin-6 administration in ad libitum-fed mice but was normalized by the rubiscolin-6/naltrindole mixture. Food intake 30 min after rubiscolin-6 administration was normal, but was higher in mice treated with the rubiscolin-6/naltrindole mixture. Thus, rubiscolin-6 may have a rapid effect to reduce postprandial antral motility and may subsequently increase food intake after this inhibitory effect disappears. These effects were revealed to be mediated through δ-opioid receptors. The orexigenic effect of rubiscolin-6 may be applicable to the treatment of anorexia and cachexia.
Performance of the UNICEF/UN Washington Group tool for identifying functional difficulty in rural Zimbabwean children

Introduction Over one billion people live with disability worldwide, of whom 80% are in developing countries. Robust childhood disability data are limited, particularly as tools for identifying disability function poorly at young ages. Methods A subgroup of children enrolled in the Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) trial (a cluster-randomised, community-based, 2x2 factorial trial in two rural districts in Zimbabwe) had neurodevelopmental assessments at 2 years of age. We evaluated functional difficulty prevalence in HIV-exposed and HIV-unexposed children using the Washington Group Child Functioning Module (WGCFM), comparing absolute difference using chi-squared or Fisher’s exact tests. Concurrent validity with the Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool (MDAT) was assessed using logistic regression with cohort MDAT score quartiles, linear regression for unit-increase in raw scores and a Generalised Estimating Equation approach (to adjust for clusters) to compare MDAT scores of those with and without functional difficulty. A 3-step, cluster-adjusted multivariable regression model was then carried out to examine risk factors for functional difficulty. Findings Functional Difficulty prevalence was 4.2% (95%CI: 3.2%, 5.2%) in HIV-unexposed children (n = 1606) versus 6.1% (95%CI: 3.5%, 8.9%) in HIV-exposed children (n = 314) (absolute difference 1.9%, 95%CI: -0.93%, 4.69%; p = 0.14). Functional difficulty score correlated negatively with MDAT: for each unit increase in WGCFM score, children completed 2.6 (95%CI: 2.2, 3.1) fewer MDAT items (p = 0.001). Children from families with food insecurity and poorer housing were more at risk of functional difficulty. Interpretation Functional difficulty was identified in approximately 1-in-20 children in rural Zimbabwe, which is comparable to prevalence in previous studies. WGCFM showed concurrent validity with the MDAT, supporting its use in early childhood.
Mitochondria transfer mediates stress erythropoiesis by altering the bioenergetic profiles of early erythroblasts through CD47

In our study, we demonstrated the functional importance of intercellular mitochondria transfer to mediate bioenergetic profiles of recipient erythroblasts to facilitate their recovery from anemic stress. We also identified a subset of metabolically active erythroid populations with higher abundance of mitochondria transfer marked by CD47.
Effects of exposure to mother's and father's alcohol use on young children's normative perceptions of alcohol

Abstract Background While consumption of alcohol does not often begin until early adolescence, young children are highly capable of internalizing normative information through observational learning. We used a longitudinal multiple‐informant family study to examine the impact of exposure to mothers' and fathers' drinking on young children's normative perceptions of who drinks alcohol. Methods Three hundred twenty‐nine children (4 to 6 years old at baseline [M age 4.78 (SD = 0.725)], 51% girls) completed the Dutch electronic appropriate beverage task [eABT] where they attributed alcoholic beverages to a variety of persons depicted in an illustrated scenario. Their parents completed an online survey that included information on alcohol use and exposure. Results Children more frequently exposed to their mothers' drinking provided females shown in the eABT illustrations with alcohol significantly more often than children less frequently exposed to mothers' drinking. There was no effect of mother's exposure on providing males in the eABT with alcoholic beverages. Similarly, children more frequently exposed to their fathers' drinking provided fathers with alcoholic beverages significantly more often than children less frequently exposed to their fathers' drinking. There was no effect of father's exposure on providing the females with alcoholic beverages, nor was there an effect of father's exposure on providing “other males” with alcohol. These patterns held after adjusting for age and sex. Conclusions This study demonstrates that there are gender‐specific effects of exposure to parents' (particularly mothers') drinking on young children's perceptions of person‐specific drinking norms. The findings provide unique evidence in a young population group of effects on an understudied dimension of alcohol‐related perceptions with implications for future drinking behavior.
Survival and failure modes of the Compress® spindle and expandable distal femur endoprosthesis among pediatric patients: A multi‐institutional study

Expandable endoprostheses can be used to equalize limb length for pediatric patients requiring reconstruction following large bony oncologic resections. Outcomes of the Compress® Compliant Pre‐Stress (CPS) spindle paired with an Orthopedic Salvage System expandable distal femur endoprosthesis have not been reported.
Minimal overall divergence of the gut microbiome in an adaptive radiation of Cyprinodon pupfishes despite potential adaptive enrichment for scale-eating

Adaptive radiations offer an excellent opportunity to understand the eco-evolutionary dynamics of gut microbiota and host niche specialization. In a laboratory common garden, we compared the gut microbiota of two novel derived trophic specialist pupfishes, a scale-eater and a molluscivore, to closely related and distant outgroup generalist populations, spanning both rapid trophic evolution within 10 kya and stable generalist diets persisting over 11 Mya. We predicted an adaptive and highly divergent microbiome composition in the trophic specialists reflecting their rapid rates of craniofacial and behavioral diversification. We sequenced 16S rRNA amplicons of gut microbiomes from lab-reared adult pupfishes raised under identical conditions and fed the same high protein diet. In contrast to our predictions, gut microbiota largely reflected phylogenetic distance among species, rather than generalist or specialist life history, in support of phylosymbiosis. However, we did find significant enrichment of Burkholderiaceae bacteria in replicated lab-reared scale-eater populations. These bacteria sometimes digest collagen, the major component of fish scales, supporting an adaptive shift. We also found some enrichment of Rhodobacteraceae and Planctomycetia in lab-reared molluscivore populations, but these bacteria target cellulose. Overall phylogenetic conservation of microbiome composition contrasts with predictions of adaptive radiation theory and observations of rapid diversification in all other trophic traits in these hosts, including craniofacial morphology, foraging behavior, aggression, and gene expression, suggesting that the functional role of these minor shifts in microbiota will be important for understanding the role of the microbiome in trophic diversification.
Hypoxic bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells‐derived exosomal miR‐182‐5p promotes liver regeneration via FOXO1‐mediated macrophage polarization

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are attractive candidates for treating hepatic disorders given their potential to enhance liver regeneration and function. The paracrine paradigm may be involved in the mechanism of MSC‐based therapy, and exosomes (Exo) play an important role in this paracrine activity. Hypoxia significantly improves the effectiveness of MSC transplantation. However, whether hypoxia preconditioned MSCs (Hp‐MSCs) can enhance liver regeneration, and whether this enhancement is mediated by Exo, are unknown. In this study, mouse bone marrow‐derived MSCs (BM‐MSCs) and secreted Exo were injected through the tail vein. We report that Hp‐MSCs promote liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice through their secreted exosomes. Interestingly, MSC‐Exo were concentrated in liver 6 h after administration and mainly taken up by macrophages, but not hepatocytes. Compared with normoxic MSC‐Exo (N‐Exo), hypoxic MSC‐Exo (Hp‐Exo) enhanced M2 macrophage polarization both in vivo and in vitro. Microarray analysis revealed significant enrichment of microRNA (miR)‐182‐5p in Hp‐Exo compared with that in N‐Exo. In addition, miR‐182‐5p knockdown partially abolished the beneficial effect of Hp‐Exo. Finally, Hp‐MSC‐derived exosomal miR‐182‐5p inhibited theprotein expression of forkhead box transcription factor 1 (FOXO1) in macrophages, which inhibited toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and subsequently induced an anti‐inflammatory response. These results highlight the therapeutic potential of Hp‐Exo in liver regeneration and suggest that miR‐182‐5p from Hp‐Exo facilitates macrophage polarization during liver regeneration by modulating the FOXO1/TLR4 signaling pathway.
Putting Vision and Touch into Conflict: Results From a Multimodal Mixed Reality Setup

What happens if we put vision and touch into conflict? Which modality “wins”? Although several previous studies have addressed this topic, they have solely focused on integration of vision and touch for low-level object properties (such as curvature, slant, or depth). In the present study, we introduce a multimodal mixed-reality setup based on real-time hand-tracking, which was used to display real-world, haptic exploration of objects in a virtual environment through a head-mounted-display (HMD). With this setup we studied multimodal conflict situations of objects varying along higher-level, parametrically-controlled global shape properties. Participants explored these objects in both unimodal and multimodal settings with the latter including congruent and incongruent conditions and differing instructions for weighting the input modalities. Results demonstrated a surprisingly clear touch dominance throughout all experiments, which in addition was only marginally influenceable through instructions to bias their modality weighting. We also present an initial analysis of the hand-tracking patterns that illustrates the potential for our setup to investigate exploration behavior in more detail.
EMHapp: a pipeline for the automatic detection, localization and visualization of epileptic magnetoencephalographic high-frequency oscillations

Objective. High-frequency oscillations (HFOs) are promising biomarkers for localizing epileptogenic brain tissue. Previous studies have revealed that HFOs that present concurrence with interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) better delineate epileptogenic brain tissue, particularly for epilepsy patients with multitype interictal discharges. However, the analysis of noninvasively recorded epileptic HFOs involves many complex procedures, such as data preprocessing, detection and source localization, impeding the translation of this approach to clinical practice. Approach. To address these problems, we developed a graphical user interface (GUI)-based pipeline called EMHapp, which can be used for the automatic detection, source localization and visualization of HFO events concurring with IEDs in magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals by using a beamformer-based virtual sensor (VS) technique. An improved VS reconstruction method was developed to enhance the amplitudes of both HFO and IED VS signals. To test the capability of our pipeline, we collected MEG data from 11 complex focal epilepsy patients with surgical resections or seizure onset zones (SOZs) that were identified by intracranial electroencephalography. Main results. Our results showed that the HFO sources of eight patients were concordant with their resection margins or SOZs. Our proposed VS signal reconstruction approach achieved an 83.2% improvement regarding the number of detected HFO events and a 17.3% improvement in terms of the spatial overlaps between the HFO sources and the resection margins or SOZs in comparison with conventional VS reconstruction approaches. Significance. EMHapp is the first GUI-based pipeline for the analysis of epileptic magnetoencephalographic HFOs, which conveniently obtains HFO source locations using clinical data and enables direct translation to clinical applications.
Biological and Medical Aspects of Electromagnetic Fields

Effects of Radiofrequency and Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Radiation on Cells of the Immune System T. Paunesku and G.E. Woloschak Evaluation of the Toxicity and Potential Oncogenicity of Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields in Experimental Animal Model Systems D.L. McCormick Interaction of Nonmodulated and Pulse-Modulated Radio Frequency Fields with Living Matter: Experimental Results S.M. Michaelson, E.C. Elson, and L.E. Anderson Behavioral and Cognitive Effects of Electromagnetic Field Exposures S.A. Johnston and J.A. D'Andrea Thermoregulation in the Presence of Radio Frequency Fields D. Black Epidemiologic Studies of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field L. Kheifets and R. Shimkhada Epidemiological Studies of Radio Frequency Fields M. Feychting EMF Standards for Human Health E. van Deventer, D. Simunic, and M.Repacholi Electroporation J.C. Weaver and Y. Chizmadzhev Electrical Shock Trauma R.C. Lee, E. Bodnar, P. Betala, and S. Blom-Eberwein Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications of Time-Varying and Static Magnetic Fields A.A. Pilla Therapeutic Heating Applications of Radio Frequency Energy C-K. Chou
Genetic and phenotypic characterisation of HIV‐associated aggressive B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphomas, which do not occur specifically in this population: diagnostic and prognostic implications

The frequency of aggressive subtypes of B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (B‐NHL), such as high‐grade B‐cell lymphomas (HGBL) with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangement (HGBL‐DH/TH) or Burkitt‐like lymphoma (BL) with 11q aberration, is not well known in the HIV setting. We aimed to characterise HIV‐associated aggressive B‐NHL according to the 2017 WHO criteria, and to identify genotypic and phenotypic features with prognostic impact. Seventy‐five HIV‐associated aggressive B‐NHL were studied by immunohistochemistry (CD10, BCL2, BCL6, MUM1, MYC, and CD30), EBV‐encoded RNAs (EBERs), and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) to evaluate the status of the MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 genes and chromosome 11q. The 2017 WHO classification criteria and the Hans algorithm, for the cell‐of‐origin classification of diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (DLBCL), were applied. In DLBCL cases, the frequencies of MYC and BCL6 rearrangements (14.9 and 27.7%, respectively) were similar to those described in HIV‐negative patients, but BCL2 rearrangements were infrequent (4.3%). MYC expression was identified in 23.4% of DLBCL cases, and coexpression of MYC and BCL2 in 13.0%, which was associated with a worse prognosis. As for BL cases, the expression of MUM1 (30.4%) conferred a worse prognosis. Finally, the prevalence of HGBL‐DH/TH and BL‐like with 11q aberration are reported in the HIV setting. The phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of HIV‐associated aggressive B‐NHL are similar to those of the general population, except for the low frequency of BCL2 rearrangements in DLBCL. MYC and BCL2 coexpression in DLBCL, and MUM‐1 expression in BL, have a negative prognostic impact on HIV‐infected individuals.
Shock polar calculation using Gauss’ principle of least constraint

We present a molecular dynamics method based on the Gauss’ principle of least constraint to calculate the shock polar of various liquids. Comparison of numerical results obtained from Gauss mechanics and Newton mechanics (this last case corresponding to the propagation of a real shock wave in the sample) shows that the two methods give the same final thermodynamic state. However, Gauss mechanics is interesting because the equilibrium state is reached very quickly (about 10−13 s) and not many particles (a few thousand) are required for the simulation. Then, Gauss mechanics appears to be a very efficient method to evaluate a thermodynamic state obeying particular relation, such as Hugoniot, in a systematic way. Simulations on liquid argon and nitromethane are presented.
VECTOR AUTOREGRESSIVE (VAR) UNTUK PERAMALAN HARGA SAHAM PT INDOFOOD SUKSES MAKMUR Tbk.

In simultaneous or structural equation models, if there is true simultaneity among a set of variables, they should not be any apriori distinction between endogenous and exogenous variables. It is in this spirit of the VAR models. We study stock value simultaneous model at PT Indofood Sukses Makmur Indonesia Tbk, for the period of 1998–2005. Variables in stock value simultaneous models are stock value, Return of Assets (ROA), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and Earning Per Share (EPS). The data is obtained from the Indonesian Capital Market Directory, Jakarta Stock Exchange and PT Indofood Sukses Makmur Indonesia Tbk. Financial Statement. The empirical results showed that the variables under consideration can be said to be integrated of order one, and the residuals have independent and normal distribution. With AIC and SC values, we conclude that each equations contains four lag values of Stock Value, ROA, DER, and EPS. The estimated VAR model can be used for forecasting the future values of stock value. In this study, we forecast the stock value from 2006:1 until 2007:12.
Metabolomic profiling of postmortem aged muscle in Japanese Brown beef cattle revealed an interbreed difference from Japanese Black beef

Objective Japanese Brown (JBR) cattle, especially the Kochi (Tosa) pedigree (JBRT), is a local breed of moderately marbled beef. Despite the increasing demand, the interbreed differences in muscle metabolites from the highly marbled Japanese Black (JBL) beef remain poorly understood. We aimed to determine flavor-related metabolites and postmortem metabolisms characteristic to JBRT beef in comparison with JBL beef. Methods Lean portions of the longissimus thoracis (loin) muscle from four JBRT cattle were collected at 0, 1, and 14 d postmortem. The muscle metabolomic profiles were analyzed using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The difference in postmortem metabolisms and aged muscle metabolites were analyzed by statistical and bioinformatic analyses between JBRT (n = 12) and JBL cattle (n = 6). Results A total of 240 metabolite annotations were obtained from the detected signals of the JBRT muscle samples. Principal component analysis separated the beef samples into three different aging point groups. According to metabolite set enrichment analysis, postmortem metabolic changes were associated with the metabolism of pyrimidine, nicotinate and nicotinamide, purine, pyruvate, thiamine, amino sugar, and fatty acid; citric acid cycle; and pentose phosphate pathway as well as various amino acids and mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism. The aged JBRT beef showed higher ultimate pH and lower lactate content than aged JBL beef, suggesting the lower glycolytic activity in postmortem JBRT muscle. JBRT beef was distinguished from JBL beef by significantly different compounds, including choline, amino acids, uridine monophosphate, inosine 5′-monophosphate, fructose 1,6-diphosphate, and betaine, suggesting interbreed differences in the accumulation of nucleotide monophosphate, glutathione metabolism, and phospholipid metabolism. Conclusion Glycolysis, purine metabolism, fatty acid catabolism, and protein degradation were the most common pathways in beef during postmortem aging. The differentially expressed metabolites and the relevant metabolisms in JBRT beef may contribute to the development of a characteristic flavor.
The role of respiratory co-infection with influenza or respiratory syncytial virus in the clinical severity of COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background With the easing of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions, the resurgence of both influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was observed in several countries globally after remaining low in activity for over a year. However, whether co-infection with influenza or RSV influences disease severity in COVID-19 patients has not yet been determined clearly. We aimed to understand the impact of influenza/RSV co-infection on clinical disease severity among COVID-19 patients. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review of publications comparing the clinical severity between the co-infection group (ie, influenza/RSV with SARS-CoV-2) and mono-infection group (ie, SARS-CoV-2), using the following four outcomes: need or use of supplemental oxygen, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, and deaths. We summarized the results by clinical outcome and conducted random-effect meta-analyses where applicable. Results Twelve studies reporting a total of 7862 COVID-19 patients were included in the review. Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection were found to be associated with a higher risk of ICU admission (five studies, odds ratio (OR) = 2.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.64-2.68) and mechanical ventilation (five studies, OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.10-4.85). No significant association was found between influenza co-infection and need/use of supplemental oxygen or deaths among COVID-19 patients (four studies, OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.37-2.95; 11 studies, OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 0.65-3.08, respectively). For RSV co-infection, data were only sufficient to allow for analyses for the outcome of deaths, and no significant association was found between RSV co-infection and deaths among COVID-19 patients (three studies, OR = 5.27, 95% CI = 0.58-47.87). Conclusions Existing evidence suggests that co-infection with influenza might be associated with a 2-fold increase in the risk for ICU admission and for mechanical ventilation among COVID-19 patients whereas evidence is limited on the role of RSV co-infection. Co-infection with influenza does not increase the risk of death in COVID-19 patients. Registration PROSEPRO CRD42021283045.