Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Technical Overview of Team DRC‐Hubo@UNLV's Approach to the 2015 DARPA Robotics Challenge Finals

This paper presents a technical overview of Team DRC‐Hubo@UNLV's approach to the 2015 DARPA Robotics Challenge Finals (DRC‐Finals). The Finals required a robotic platform that was robust and reliable in both hardware and software to complete tasks in 60 min under degraded communication. With this point of view, Team DRC‐Hubo@UNLV integrated methods and algorithms previously verified, validated, and widely used in the robotics community. For the communication aspect, a common shared memory approach that the team adopted to enable efficient data communication under the DARPA controlled network is described. A new perception head design (optimized for the tasks of the Finals) and its data processing are then presented. In the motion planning and control aspect, various techniques, such as wheel‐driven navigation, zero‐moment‐point (ZMP) ‐based locomotion, and position‐based manipulation and controls, are described in this paper. By introducing strategically critical elements and key lessons learned from DRC‐Trials 2013 and the testbed of Charleston, we also illustrate how DRC‐Hubo has evolved successfully toward the DRC‐Finals.
Propofol Reduces the Distribution and Clearance of Midazolam

BACKGROUND: Midazolam, at sedative levels, increases blood propofol concentrations by 25%. We evaluated the reverse interaction and determined the influence of propofol on the pharmacokinetics of midazolam. METHODS: Eight healthy male volunteers were studied on 2 occasions in a random crossover manner. During session A, volunteers received midazolam 0.035 to 0.05 mg · kg−1 IV for 1 minute followed by an infusion of 0.035 to 0.05 mg · kg−1 · h−1 for 59 minutes. During session B, in addition to this midazolam infusion scheme, a target-controlled infusion of propofol (constant CT: 0.6 or 1.0 &mgr;g · mL−1) was given from 15 minutes before the start until 6 hours after termination of the midazolam infusion. Arterial blood samples for propofol and midazolam concentration analysis were taken until 6 hours after termination of the midazolam infusion. Nonlinear mixed-effect models examining the influence of propofol and hemodynamic variables on midazolam pharmacokinetics were constructed using Akaike's information-theoretic criterion for model selection. RESULTS: In the presence of a mean blood propofol concentration of 1.2 &mgr;g · mL−1, the plasma midazolam concentration was increased by 26.9% ± 9.4% compared with midazolam given as a single drug. Propofol (Cblood: 1.2 &mgr;g · mL−1) reduced midazolam central volume of distribution from 5.37 to 2.98 L, elimination clearance from 0.39 to 0.31 L · min−1, and rapid distribution clearance from 2.77 to 2.11 L · min−1. Inclusion of heart rate further improved the pharmacokinetic model of midazolam. CONCLUSIONS: Propofol reduces the distribution and clearance of midazolam in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, inclusion of heart rate as a covariate improved the pharmacokinetic model of midazolam predominantly through a reduction in the intraindividual variability.
The Pro Children Intervention: Applying the Intervention Mapping Protocol to Develop a School-Based Fruit and Vegetable Promotion Programme

Background/Aims: The importance of careful theory-based intervention planning is recognized for fruit and vegetable promotion. This paper describes the application of the Intervention Mapping (IM) protocol to develop the Pro Children intervention to promote consumption of fruit and vegetable among 10- to 13-year-old schoolchildren. Methods: Based on a needs assessment, promotion of intake of fruit and vegetable was split into performance objectives and related personal, social and environmental determinants. Crossing the performance objectives with related important and changeable determinants resulted in a matrix of learning and change objectives for which appropriate educational strategies were identified. Theoretically similar but culturally relevant interventions were designed, implemented and evaluated in Norway, the Netherlands and Spain during 2 school years. Results: Programme activities included provision of fruits and vegetables in the schools, guided classroom activities, computer-tailored feedback and advice for children, and activities to be completed at home with the family. Additionally, optional intervention components for community reinforcement included incorporation of mass media, school health services or grocery stores. School project committees were supported. Conclusion: The Pro Children intervention was carefully developed based on the IM protocol that resulted in a comprehensive school-based fruit and vegetable promotion programme, but culturally sensible and locally relevant.
The Development of Amputation.

AMPUTATION is practiced by many primitive peoples, and some archaeologists think it has been in use at least since neolithic times. Neolithic knives and saws of stone and bone have been found, and the presence of what look like amputated bone stumps in skeletons of the period suggests that this may have been one of their many uses. Hollinderl has shown the possibility by performing amputations in six or seven minutes with these primitive instruments. Moodie2 describes an ancient Peruvian pottery figure as showing a leg amputated at the tibiotarsal junction, and holding in the right hand a cap of painted bone (or wood or metal) to be adjusted to the stump of the leg (Fig. 1) . The murals at La Tene and elsewhere show many hands with amputated fingers. But even if the evidence for prehistoric amputations were more extensive and conclusive than it is, it would still not be certain that these amputations had a surgical intent; there were probably motives of magic, ritual sacrifice, riddance from demoniacal possession, appeasement of the gods, punishment, or beautification. In the Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus we have a copy, made in the seventeenth century before Christ, of the first part of an Egyptian surgical treatise which was already ancient at that time. Proceeding from head to foot, the extant part finishes the thorax and starts on the spinal column; the remaining part doubtless continued with the abdomen and the limbs and may have included amputation cases; we do not know. Among the 250 wounds mentioned in Homer, with a mortality of 75 per cent, there is not a single case of loss of limb. Herodotus, however, has a story of Hegesistratus of Elis, who was captured by the Spartans, thrown into prison and condemned to death. He cut off his chained foot at the instep, burrowed his way out of prison, and escaped, afterwards correcting his Chopart amputation by a wooden foot. The earliest extant scientific account of amputation is in the Hippocratic treatise On Joints,3 which probably belongs to the latter half of the fifth century B.C., when Herodotus also was writing. The author, who may have been Hippocrates, recommends amputation in gangrene.
Determination of solvent content in cavities in IL-1β using experimentally phased electron density

The extent to which water is present within apolar cavities in proteins remains unclear. In the case of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), four independent structures solved by x-ray crystallography indicate that water is not present in the central apolar cavity. In contrast, results from NMR spectroscopy suggest that water has high occupancy within the cavity but is positionally disordered, making it undetectable by standard crystallographic methods. A theoretically based crystallographic-phase refinement technique also suggested that there was the equivalent of two fully occupied water molecules within the apolar cavity. To resolve these discrepancies we sought to obtain an experimentally phased electron density map that was free of possible bias caused by mathematical modeling of the protein or the solvent. By combining native diffraction data with multiple wavelength anomalous data from a platinum derivative, accurate phases were obtained. Using these experimental phases, we estimate that occupancy of the apolar cavity in IL-1β by solvent is close or equal to zero. Polar cavities in the protein that contain ordered solvent molecules serve as internal controls.
Sequence Adversarial Training and Minimum Bayes Risk Decoding for End-to-end Neural Conversation Models

We present a neural conversation system that incorporates multiple sequence-to-sequence models, sequence adversarial training, example-based response selection, and BLEU-based Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) decoding. The system was trained and tested using the 6th Dialog System Technology Challenges (DSTC6) Twitter help-desk dialog task. Experimental results demonstrate that adversarial training and the example-based method are effective in improving human rating score while system combination with MBR decoding improves objective measures such as BLEU and METEOR scores. Moreover, we investigate extension of the reward function for sequence adversarial training in order to balance subjective and objective scores.
Comment on “correlates of overweight and obesity among urban adolescents in Bihar, India”

F i r s t , the r e f e r ence fo r s amp le s i z e ca l cu l a t ion (prevalence = 20%) is a review article which quotes overweight and obesity in Indian studies ranging from 4.7% to 29%. [2] An original and nationally representative study or a meta‐analysis is preferable in calculating a sample size. [3] Moreover, authors mention the lack of data regarding overweight/obesity in National Family Health Survey (NFHS). It is important to point out that NFHS‐3 does report overweight and obesity in the age group of 15–19 years which is 3.5% at national level. For Bihar, it is 1.3% in females and 0.7% in males of 15–19 years of age. [4]
Use of the flagellar H7 gene as a target in multiplex PCR assays and improved specificity in identification of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli strains

PCR products of 1.8 kb were generated with DNAs from all Escherichia coli H7 strains tested by using oligonucleotide primers which flank the fliC gene. Three RsaI digestion profiles of these PCR products were evident on agarose gels; the first occurred with serotype O55:H7, O157:H7, or nonmotile (NM) strains, the second occurred with serotype O1:H7 and O18:H7 strains, and the third occurred with serotype O? :H7, O19:H7, O121:H7, O88:H7, and O156:H7 strains. Despite these differences, the nucleotide sequences of the E. coli E32511 (O157:NM) and U5-41 (O1:H7) fliC genes were 97% homologous. Two PCR primer pairs synthesized on the basis of the E32511 H7 fliC sequence amplified specific DNA fragments from all E. coli H7 strains, but did not amplify DNA fragments from the other bacterial strains. The H7-specific primers were used in combination with other primers which target the Verotoxin 1(VT1) and VT2 genes and the E. coli O157:H7 eaeA gene in multiplex PCR assays. In these assays, vt and eaeA PCR products were observed with DNAs from the majority of EHEC strains and vt, eaeA, and fliC PCR products were observed with DNAs from E. coli O157:H7 or NM strains. Only eaeA PCR products were present with DNA from enteropathogenic E. coli, and only vt PCR products occurred with VT-producing E. coli which are not EHEC. The multiplex PCR assays described allow for the specific identification of E. coli O157:H7 or NM and other EHEC strains.
Load Unbalancing Strategy for Multicore Embedded Processors

Load balancing has been known as an essential feature for enhancing the performance of distributed systems. For embedded systems, however, this is not always true since load balancing leads to lavish power consumption by fully utilizing all the embedded cores even for a small number of tasks. Furthermore, the previously proposed load unbalancing strategies do not concern much about the characteristics of the embedded system's real workload. In this paper, to resolve this problem, we propose a novel load unbalancing strategy based on the task characteristics: periodic and aperiodic. In the proposed strategy, the periodic tasks that are more likely to be executed repeatedly are concentrated on the minimum number of cores, whereas the aperiodic tasks that are not likely to occur again soon are distributed to the maximum number of cores. The experimental results on an ARM11MPCore test chip show that the proposed strategy reduces power consumption and mean waiting time of the aperiodic tasks by up to 26 percent and 82 percent, respectively, compared to the load balancing strategy. As compared to the aggressive load unbalancing strategy, the proposed strategy also reduces mean waiting time of the aperiodic tasks by 92 percent with similar power efficiency.
Structure of the human glutamate-L-cysteine ligase catalytic (GLCLC) subunit gene

Glutamate-L-cysteine ligase (GLCL [EC 6.3.2.2], also referred to as γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase) catalyzes the rate-limiting reaction in the synthesis of the important cellular antioxidant glutathione. GLCL is a heterodimer consisting of a catalytic (GLCLC) and a regulatory (GLCLR) subunit. The structure of the human GLCLC subunit gene, GLCLC, which has been mapped to chromosome 6p12, spans 51.4 kb and consists of 16 exons separated by 15 introns.
Plagiarism checker for Persian (PCP) texts using hash-based tree representative fingerprinting

With due respect to the authors’ rights, plagiarism detection is one of the critical problems in the field of text-mining, in which many researchers are interested. This issue has been considered as a serious one in high academic institutions. There exist language-free tools that do not yield any reliable results since the special features of every language are ignored in them. Considering the paucity of works in the field of Persian language due to the lack of reliable plagiarism checkers in Persian, there is a need for a method to improve the accuracy of detecting plagiarized Persian phrases. An attempt is made in this work to present the PCP solution. This solution is a combinational method, in which, in addition to the meaning and stem of words, synonyms and pluralization are dealt with by applying the document tree representation based on manner fingerprinting the text in the 3-grams words. The grams obtained are eliminated from the text, hashed through the BKDR hash function, and stored as the fingerprint of a document in fingerprints of the reference document repositories in order to check the suspicious documents. The proposed PCP method here is evaluated by eight experiments on seven different sets, which include the suspicions documents and the reference document from the Hamshahri newspaper website. The results obtained indicate that the accuracy of this proposed method in detecting similar texts, in comparison with the "Winnowing" localized method, has a 21.15% average improvement. The accuracy of the PCP method in detecting the similarities, in comparison with the language-free tool, reveals a 31.65% average improvement.
The Ambiguity of Artworks –A Guideline for Empirical Aesthetics Research with Artworks as Stimuli

The aim of this work is to provide researchers from the field of aesthetics with a guideline on working with artworks as stimuli. Empirical aesthetics research is complicated by the uncertainty of the object of research. There is no way to unquestionably tell whether an object is an artwork or not. However, although the extension of the term artwork (i.e., the range of objects to which this concept applies) remains vague, the different intensions of the term artwork (i.e., the internal concept that constitutes a formal definition) are well defined. Here, I review the various concepts of artworks (i.e., intensions) that scientists from different fields use in current research in empirical aesthetics. The selection of stimuli is often not explained and/or does not match the focus of the study. An application of two or more intensions within one study leads to an indeterminacy of the stimuli and, thus, to systematic problems concerning the interpretation and comparability of the experimental results. Based on these intensions and the Pleasure-Interest Model of Aesthetic Liking (Graf and Landwehr, 2015), I compiled a decision tree in order to provide researchers with an instrument that allows a better control over their stimuli.
Validity of pressure ulcer diagnosis using digital photography

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of digital photographs for the assessment of the presence of pressure ulcers stage 2 or higher. Participants were 48 patients (28 white and 20 black) with pressure ulcers identified in the course of a wound specialist's routine clinical practice at the University of Maryland Medical Center. One pressure ulcer and one unaffected skin area were photographed on each participating patient. The gold standard diagnosis (stage 2 pressure ulcer vs. stage 1 or no pressure ulcer) was recorded by the wound specialist based on bedside examination. The photographs were reviewed blindly by another wound expert. The sensitivity of the blinded assessment was 97% (95% confidence interval [CI] 91–100%). The specificity was 97% (95% CI 92–100%). The sensitivity and specificity were both 100% in the white patients. In black patients, the sensitivity and specificity were 92% (95% CI 75–100%) and 93% (95% CI 82–100%), respectively. These results suggest that the use of photographic images to assess the presence or absence of a pressure ulcer stage 2 or higher has a high degree of validity. Since blinded outcome assessment is one of the cornerstones of good clinical trial design, photography offers the potential to strengthen future studies.
Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 Attenuates Helicobacter pylori-Associated Gastritis and Reduces Levels of Proinflammatory Chemokines in C57BL/6 Mice

ABSTRACT In clinical settings, Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 administration has been reported to have a favorable effect on Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis, although the mechanism remains unclear. We administered, continuously through the water supply, live La1 to H. pylori-infected C57BL/6 mice and followed colonization, the development of H. pylori-associated gastritis in the lamina propria, and the levels of proinflammatory chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) and keratinocyte-derived cytokine (KC) in the serum and gastric tissue over a period of 3 months. We documented a significant attenuation in both lymphocytic (P = 0.038) and neutrophilic (P = 0.003) inflammatory infiltration in the lamina propria as well as in the circulating levels of anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G antibodies (P = 0.003), although we did not observe a suppressive effect of La1 on H. pylori colonizing numbers. Other lactobacilli, such as L. amylovorus DCE 471 and L. acidophilus IBB 801, did not attenuate H. pylori-associated gastritis to the same extent. MIP-2 serum levels were distinctly reduced during the early stages of H. pylori infection in the La1-treated animals, as were gastric mucosal levels of MIP-2 and KC. Finally, we also observed a significant reduction (P = 0.046) in H. pylori-induced interleukin-8 secretion by human adenocarcinoma AGS cells in vitro in the presence of neutralized (pH 6.8) La1 spent culture supernatants, without concomitant loss of H. pylori viability. These observations suggest that during the early infection stages, administration of La1 can attenuate H. pylori-induced gastritis in vivo, possibly by reducing proinflammatory chemotactic signals responsible for the recruitment of lymphocytes and neutrophils in the lamina propria.
Mediators of the Association Between Childhood Emotional Maltreatment and Young Adult Men’s Life Satisfaction

Childhood emotional maltreatment has been linked to a wide range of deleterious physical and psychological adult health outcomes. The present study extends past research by examining the effects of childhood emotional maltreatment on young adult men’s life satisfaction through its effects on hostility and perceptions of social relationships. Participants were 423 single men who completed two interviews 1 year apart. As hypothesized, the association between self-reported childhood emotional maltreatment and adult life satisfaction was mediated through general hostility, rejection sensitivity in romantic relationships, and perceptions of male friends’ social support. These findings suggest that interventions which address distorted perceptions of romantic partners and friends might reduce the negative impact of childhood emotional maltreatment.
Digital Object Repository Server: A Component of the Digital Object Architecture

The Digital Object Architecture defines three primary components: an identifier system, metadata registries, and digital object repositories. The identifier system is the widely used Handle System and the CNRI metadata registries are now in use in several projects. This paper introduces the Digital Object Repository Server (DORS), the most recent instantiation of CNRI's repository work. DORS includes an open, flexible, secure and scalable protocol and software suite that provides a common interface for interacting directly with all types of Digital Objects. It has been implemented and tested as server software and provides a trustworthy network interface for invoking operations on objects.
Quantification of CK20 gene and protein expression in colorectal cancer by RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry reveals inter‐ and intratumour heterogeneity

Cytokeratin 20 (CK20) is an epithelial protein expressed almost exclusively in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and is widely used as immunohistochemical marker for routine diagnosis. In contrast, CK20 gene expression is not an established marker for the classification of tumours and the detection of disseminated cancer cells in colorectal cancer. Recently, real‐time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) has provided the means for reproducible and quantitative investigation of molecular markers. This report directly compares CK20 mRNA and protein expression in serial sections of archival, formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) colorectal adenocarcinomas. CK20 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 60/63 (95.2%) cases, by conventional RT‐PCR in 58/60 (96.7%) and by quantitative RT‐PCR using the LightCycler® (LightCycler® is a trademark of a Member of the Roche Group) System in 29/32 (90.6%) microdissected cases, one case yielding variable results. Despite the high detection rate of all three techniques, marked heterogeneity of CK20 expression was seen between different cases and also within individual cases. CK20 expression profiles were not related to particular histopathological features of the tumours. A good correlation (r = 0.8964) was found between CK20 mRNA and protein expression by comparing quantitative RT‐PCR with IHC in 32 cases. This was also true for selected heterogeneous tumour cells within individual cases. Both RT‐PCR and IHC are therefore valuable tools for CK20 detection in colorectal adenocarcinoma, with real‐time RT‐PCR providing supplementary quantitative information. This suggests a promising supportive role for quantitative RT‐PCR in molecular pathology. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.