Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multilingual Symbolic Support for Low Levels of Literacy on the Web

Although literacy rates around the world have increased and there is an expectation that individuals who access web pages will be able to read their content, this is not always the case. The barriers that may be faced can be linked to the way the system is designed and content is written. There may be complex language or a layout that is dense, cluttered and lacks clear markers regarding the key points being made. Many organizations have provided guidance for web developers and authors offering suitable ways to ensure those accessing a website or service will have a pleasurable experience. However, it appears that there are still websites hosting pages with dense text, convoluted instructions and little support for those with low levels of literacy. When considering poor reading skills, the cause may be due to many factors including a lack of education, sensory and /or intellectual impairments and specific difficulties such as dyslexia. This means that the vast majority of online content may be hard to understand for a significant proportion of the world’s population. Moreover, these individuals may also lack digital skills, with little realization that assistive technologies and the availability of supportive access strategies can be helpful in these situations. This paper aims to introduce the idea of enhancing readability of web content by using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, such as linked data, natural language processing and image recognition to make available a wide range of automatically mapped multilingual symbols that can be used to clarify text content. In the past only a few symbol sets have been mapped and it was not possible to consider their appropriateness for text to symbol translations in a wide range of languages and cultural settings.
NeST: Network Stack Tester

Linux network namespaces are a cost-effective and scalable alternative to physical systems for the design and experimental evaluation of network protocols. These evaluations are required for a practical understanding of how various networking algorithms would perform in the real world. However, manually setting up testbeds and obtaining results in the desired format using network namespaces can be quite cumbersome and error-prone. Although writing scripts could make these tasks easier, it becomes tedious and impractical if the network under consideration is large and complex. In this paper, we propose a python based package called NeST (Network Stack Tester) to perform tests for different congestion control algorithms and queue disciplines. It uses Linux network namespaces and provides APIs to create complex emulated networks, run tests and extract the statistics using iproute2 and netperf in a single python script. We validate the results obtained from NeST against those obtained from a physical testbed, and a virtual testbed setup manually by using network namespaces. The experiments with NeST are easy to reproduce because it is a wrapper around the existing tools and does not introduce new system dependencies.
MotionHub: Middleware for Unification of Multiple Body Tracking Systems

There is a substantial number of body tracking systems (BTS), which cover a wide variety of different technology, quality and price range for character animation, dancing or gaming. To the disadvantage of developers and artists, almost every BTS streams out different protocols and tracking data. Not only do they vary in terms of scale and offset, but also their skeletal data differs in rotational offsets between joints and in the overall number of bones. Due to this circumstance, BTSs are not effortlessly interchangeable. Usually, software that makes use of a BTS is rigidly bound to it, and a change to another system can be a complex procedure. In this paper, we present our middleware solution MotionHub, which can receive and process data of different BTS technologies. It converts the spatial as well as the skeletal tracking data into a standardized format in real time and streams it to a client (e.g. a game engine). That way, MotionHub ensures that a client always receives the same skeletal-data structure, irrespective of the used BTS. As a simple interface enabling the user to easily change, set up, calibrate, operate and benchmark different tracking systems, the software targets artists and technicians. MotionHub is open source, and other developers are welcome to contribute to this project.
DogDog: Soma-Based Interface Design for an Improvising Musician

Improvisation is embodied thought and expression. This paper outlines strategies and tactics to design expressive musical interfaces for improvisers. Some of these strategies are explored through a case study: a non-tactile hand-arm movement interface controlling a granular synthesizer (DogDog), based on high-level movement descriptors. The research through design and performance experience indicates that movement quality descriptors are inherently scalable from hand-arm movements to full body interaction, and that a textural approach to motion tracking fits well the morphing sonic masses generated through granular sound synthesis.
A Proposal for the Transfer of Halorubrobacterium distributum and Halorubrobacterium coriense to the Genus Halorubrum as Halorubrum distributum comb. nov. and Halorubrum coriense comb. nov., Respectively

As the genus Halorubrum was validated before the genus Halorubrobacterium, we propose that the species Halorubrobacterium distributum and Halorubrobacterium coriense should be reclassified as Halorubrum distributum comb. nov. and Halorubrum coriense comb. nov., respectively.
Oral hygiene habits, oral health status, and oral health care seeking behaviors among spinning mill workers in Guntur district: A cross-sectional study

Introduction: Though the oral health status of workers from different industries was reported in literature, there is little information with regard to spinning mill workers. The aim of this study was to document the oral health status, oral hygiene routine, and frequency of utilization of oral health care services among spinning mill workers in Guntur district. Materials and Methods: 458 spinning mill workers in Guntur district participated in this study. Data on hygiene practices, self-reported dental problems, past dental visits, type and place of availed treatments, and barriers for utilizing dental services were recorded. Oral health status was examined using Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, DMFT index, and Community Periodontal Index. Results: Female participants were found to have better oral hygiene status compared to males, which is partially significant. Similar was the scenario when caries experience was considered. Majority of the study subjects (74%) have a DMFT score of 1–6. There were 86 participants without any coronal caries experience. The mean coronal caries experience was more among older spinning mill workers compared to the younger workers. The difference in DMFT scores between males and females was not significant. Majority of the participants (46.3%) were with CPI score 2, while only 10.2% were observed to have all healthy sextants. 136 subjects (30.15%) demonstrated loss of attachment of some severity. Conclusion: Though the oral hygiene habits reported by the spinning mill workers were fair, oral health care seeking behaviors were found to be less informed. There is a serious need to improve the oral health awareness and care seeking behaviors among these workers.
Assessment of newly introduced foundation course for medical undergraduates: students’ vs faculty's perspective

Background and Objectives: In compliance with MCI's recommendation, a month-long Foundation Course was conducted in our institution in Aug'19. The present study was conducted to seek the opinion of the students and faculty regarding relevance of the topics included in the course to enable revisions to be made in designing the course for the subsequent sessions, to make it more effective and student-oriented. Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted to seek the opinion of 100 students who underwent the Foundation Course and 35 faculty members who were involved in teaching the topics allotted. Results: Positive feedback was recorded from63% of the students and 69% of the faculty regarding the overall experience of the course. Among the different modules, Skills module was voted as relevant by majority (73%) of students, whereas a module on Enhancement of Language and Computer Skills was found relevant to the course by a mere 52% students. In contrast, module on Sports and Extracurricular activities was adjudged as most relevant while as module on Enhancement of Language and Computer Skills got the least positive feedback (81.43% vs. 60.36%, respectively) from the faculty. Interpretation and Conclusions: Foundation Course recommended by MCI for MBBS students at the entry level is a welcome step. This can further be made more beneficial by making necessary modifications in the planning of the course in light of suggestions received from the participants.
Patients’ perceptions and preferences for physicians’ attire in hospitals in south western Saudi Arabia

Purpose: Data regarding patients' perception and satisfaction about physicians providing the medical care based on their attires in Southern Region of Saudi Arabia are scarce and even lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the patients' opinion regarding the suitable attires of physicians. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was performed on a random sample of patients from Aseer Central Hospital, Southern Military Hospital and Abha Maternity Hospital. The questionnaire collected data on their perception of physicians' attire as well as reflection of dress on trust and willingness to discuss personal issues. Results: The study included 248 patients. The majority (81.9%) of the participants agreed on the importance for physicians to wear their medical attires. Also 84.3% of them confirmed that physician's appearance is important source of their confidence. Skirt plus lab coat was the most favored for female physicians (39.3%). As for male physicians, scrub plus lab coat was the most preferred (33.6%) attire. Conclusion: Patients attending hospitals in southwestern Saudi Arabia preferred for their physicians to wear formal attire with white coats, rather than the Saudi national dress. Skirt plus lab coat was the most preferred for female physicians. As for male physicians, scrub plus lab coat was the most preferred attire. Patients approved the importance for physicians to wear their medical attires and confirmed that physician's appearance is important source for their confidence. The study recommends that physicians should adopt formal attire and the institutional dress code policy should be modified to fit these preferences.
Tourist Itineraries Plan Design Based on the Behavior of Bee Colonies

The article deals with the modified paradigm of the bee colony for tourist routes by solving combinatorial problems on graphs: selection in the graph of an independent subset of vertices, finding the maximum pairing in the graph, coloring the graph, highlighting the click in the graph. Based on the analysis of the behavioral model of bee colony self-organization, methods and mechanisms of formation of corresponding representations of solutions of the considered combinatorial problems on graphs are developed. Methods of search space forming are considered. The position in the search space is presented as an ordered list. The key operation of the bee algorithm is the study of perspective positions and their surroundings in the search space. The paper proposes a method of decision edges forming with an adjustable degree of similarity and closeness be-tween them. Three approaches are proposed to determine the number of foraging agents that are sent to the vicinity of each base position.
Scaled chrysophytes as indicators of water quality changes since preindustrial times in the MuskokaHaliburton region, Ontario, Canada

Scaled chrysophytes preserved in modern and fossil sediment samples from lakes in south-central Ontario were examined to evaluate changes in water quality since preindustrial times. Redundancy analysis determined that chrysophyte distributions were related to a primary gradient of pH, alkalinity, and ion concentration (λ1 = 0.26). A 117-lake reconstruction model from Ontario, the Adirondacks, and northeastern U.S.A. was used to infer the lakewater pH of present-day and preindustrial samples. A comparison of predicted and measured pH values of modern samples, analog matching, and an examination of inferences from triplicate cores in four lakes suggested that the inferences were reliable. Reconstructions indicated that presently acidic lakes (pH 7 had become more alkaline. In comparison to other acid-sensitive regions, however, the overall change was small. The relatively short pH gradient, higher preindustrial pH values, and amount of acid deposition are.
Genome constitution of Elymus tangutorum (Poaceae: Triticeae) inferred from meiotic pairing behavior and genomic in situ hybridization

Elymus tangutorum (Nevski) Hand. ‐Mazz (2n = 6x = 42) is a perennial species in the tribe Triticeae, which distributes in Nepal and north and northwest China. However, the genome constitution of E. tangutorum is controversial and its taxonomic status is not clear. Hybridizations of E. tangutorum were carried out with E. wawawaiensis J. R. Carlson & Barkworth (StH), Roegneria grandis Keng (StY), and E. dahuricus Turcz. ex Griseb. (StYH). Meiotic pairing in the hybrids E. tangutorum × E. wawawaiensis (StH), E. tangutorum × R. grandis (StY), and E. tangutorum × E. dahuricus (StYH) averaged 10.48, 11.12, and 20.92 bivalents per cell, respectively. The results suggested that E. tangutorum is an allohexaploid and contains the StYH genomes. Results of genomic in situ hybridization analysis strongly supported the chromosome pairing data. Therefore, E. tangutorum should be treated as Campeiostachys dahurica var. tangutorum (Nevski) B. R. Baum, J. L. Yang & C. Yen. Intergenomic rearrangements of E. tangutorum may be affected by environmental factors.
Faktore wat lamvrektes by die Elsenburg Dormer- en SA Vleismerinokuddes beïnvloed

Factors that influence mortality amongst lambs in the Elsenburg Dormer and SA Mutton Merino flocks. Data related to 1 852 SA Mutton Merino and Dormer lambs born in the Elsenburg flocks, during the period 1978 1981 inclusive, were analysed by least squares procedures. The lambs were classified within years and breeds in an intensive group which was housed and constantly supervised during lambing, and an extensive group, where the lambing was supervised three times daily. Pre-weaning mortality amongst SA Mutton Merino lambs was significantly (P :5 0,05) higher than amongst Dormer lambs, primarily owing to significantly (P :5 0,01) higher mortality which occurred during birth. Mortality during the period 1 to 3 days after birth was significantly (P :5 0,05) decreased by intensive management. However, the contribution of this parameter to the reduction of the number of deaths to weaning was relatively small, resulting in a comparatively small benefit derived from intensive management. The pre-weaning mortality amongst SA Mutton Merino and Dormer lambs was nevertheless, significantly (P :5 0,05) decreased from 23,3 and 20,6 to 20,4 and 14,6% respectively. Pre-weaning mortality amongst triplets in both breeds was double that amongst twins and singles. The highest rate of mortality tended to occur amongst the lighter lambs in both breeds, whereas the mortality rate amongst the heavier SA Mutton Merino lambs also tended to increase. Mortality amongst lambs born to SA Mutton Merino ewes of 7 years and older was significantly (P :5 0,01) higher than in other ewe age groups. S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci. 1985, 15: 155 -161
DNA Polymerase γ, The Mitochondrial Replicase1

▪ Abstract DNA polymerase (pol) γ is the sole DNA polymerase in animal mitochondria. Biochemical and genetic evidence document a key role for pol γ in mitochondrial DNA replication, and whereas DNA repair and recombination were thought to be limited or absent in animal mitochondria, both have been demonstrated in recent years. Thus, the mitochondrial replicase is also apparently responsible for the relevant DNA synthetic reactions in these processes. Pol γ comprises a catalytic core in a heterodimeric complex with an accessory subunit. The two-subunit holoenzyme is an efficient and processive polymerase, which exhibits high fidelity in nucleotide selection and incorporation while proofreading errors with its intrinsic 3′ → 5′ exonuclease. Incorporation of nucleotide analogs followed by proofreading failure leads to mitochondrial toxicity in antiviral therapy, and misincorporation during DNA replication leads to mitochondrial mutagenesis and dysfunction. This review describes our current understanding of p.
Ability of Gamma-Irradiated Polyvalent Antivenin to Neutralize the Toxicity of the Egyptian Cobra (Naja haje) Venom

In this study, the lethality as well as the biochemical and histological effects of Cobra (Naja haje) envenomation at a sublethal dose has been investigated in mice and rats. The venom injected intraperitoneally in rats (0.2 mg/kg) produced marked increase in the activities of ALT, AST, ALP and LDH. Also, serum glucose, urea and creatinine levels were significantly elevated. These results are in accordance with the histological findings of the liver that showed vacuolated hepatocytes and scattered necrotic and haemorrhagic areas together with congestion and dilatation of blood vessels and sinusoids. The spleen also displayed small diffuse white pulps with ill-defined outlines and extravasation of blood that extended to infiltrate the widened sinusoids. The venom also produced severe degeneration of the cardiac muscle with loss of striations and extensive haemorrhage inbetween the myocardial bundles. These biochemical and histological envenomation disorders, were markedly and effectively neutralized by the polyantivenins (non-irradiated and gamma-irradiated in a sterilizing dose of 25 kGy). The neutralization ability of both antivenins was the same against a lethal dose of the venom (2.5 LD50). The minimal protective dose of the polyantivenins was calculated to be 16000 µg/20 gm mouse. Rats injected with mixtures of venom and antivenins (non-irradiated and irradiated) showed a decrease in all elevated biochemical parameters investigated. The histological examination also showed less severe injuries in all organs examined (liver, spleen and heart) which appeared more or less normal with very few abnormalities remaining. Comparative study was also done on these antivenins using immunodiffusion technique which showed the same precipitin bands with the tested venom. Thus, it can be concluded that both antivenins (non irradiated and 25 KGy gamma-irradiated) have similar immunoglobulins and have no differences in their antilethal and enzymatic neutralizing ability as well as in ameliorating the degree of tissue damage induced by the venom.
Regulation of cyanobacterial CO2-concentrating mechanisms through transcriptional induction of high-affinity Ci-transport systems

Approximately 50% of global CO2-based productivity is now attributed to the activity of phytoplankton, including ocean-dwelling cyanobacteria. In response to inherent restrictions on the rate of CO2 supply in the aquatic environment, cyanobacteria have evolved a very efficient means of capturing inorganic carbon (Ci), as either CO2 or HCO3. for photosynthetic carbon fixation. This capturing mechanism, known as a CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM), involves the operation of active CO2 and HCO3 transporters and results in the concentration of CO2 around RuBisCO, in a unique microcompartment called the carboxysome. The CCM exhibits two basic physiological states: a constitutive, low-affinity state; and a high-affinity state, which is induced in response to Ci limitation. Many of the genetic components of the CCM, including genes encoding Ci transporters, have been identified. It is apparent that the expression of genes encoding the inducible, high-affinity Ci transporters is particularly sensitive to Ci ava.
WATERMELON INTERCROPPED WITH CEREALS UNDER SEMI-ARID CONDITIONS: AN ON-FARM STUDY

SUMMARY Intercropping is a common practice in Africa, but the advantage compared to sole cropping depends on the crop plants and local agro-ecological conditions. The potential of intercropping maize (Zea mays) or sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) with watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) was tested in two on-farm trials in southern Mozambique under semi-arid conditions in an area with low and unpredictable rainfall. In the first experiment, plant density, yield and monetary value of sole and intercropping plots of maize with watermelon were determined in 17 farmers' fields in an area where all crops developed to maturity and harvest. There was a significant reduction in yield of both maize (28.8%) and watermelon (57.8%) in the intercrop compared with the sole crop yields. However, the mean land equivalent ratio of 1.13 for yield showed that intercropping had advantages as, on average, an area planted with sole crops would require 13% more land than an intercrop production to generate the same outcome. In the second experiment, carried out in another area with 16 farmers' fields, drought was more pronounced and only watermelon developed to maturity. Intercroppings with maize and sorghum resulted in 70% and 69% yield reduction, respectively. In conclusion, watermelon is a good companion crop for intercropping with cereals to mitigate the risk of total crop failure due to drought.
Urbanisation effect on Orthoptera: which scale matters?

The characteristics of communities are determined by dispersal processes that are driven by landscape structure and species characteristics (traits). Understanding these processes requires a better assessment of the spatial scales that matter to species, based on their traits. This can be particularly addressed in an urban context where habitats are highly fragmented. We assessed the effects of urbanisation intensity on Orthoptera at different spatial scales and focused on two species traits: dispersal ability and habitat specialisation. We recorded Tettiigonidae sounds from running trains along 209 km of five railway lines. As an urbanisation measure, the percentage of impervious surfaces around the railway edges was calculated at 11 spatial scales around the railways. We then tested the effect of urbanisation on species richness, abundance, and traits and determined at which spatial scale the relationship was strongest. Urbanisation had a negative effect on total species richness, abundance and community specialisation. This pattern was stronger at larger spatial scales, and the results differed according to the species' functional traits: mobile species were more sensitive to urbanisation at larger scales than sedentary species, and no scale effect on specialisation was detected. We conclude that insects may respond to landscapes over a broad set of spatial scales and that considering their specific traits is essential in spatial scales studies. Finally, we argue that railway edges can play a role in insect conservation in urban landscapes.