Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Screening of the Candidate DNA Barcodes for Three Important Amorphophallus Species Identification

Amorphophallus is widely distributed in Southeast Asia, Africa, and other places, with more than 170 species. Amorphophallus has high medicinal value and is commonly used in medicine. However, the current classification based on morphology is challenging in with regard to Amorphophallus and closely related species. This study used six barcodes, namely ITS2, matK, rcbL, nad1, trnH-psbA, and trnL-trnF, to evaluate their identification ability for three important Amorphophallus species, including A. konjac, A. albus, and A. muelleri. We recommend that trnH-psbA can be applied to the Amorphophallus trade, quickly identify the purity of A. konjac and A. albus and distinguish A. muelleri from its related species for A. konjac and A. albus genetic improvement.
Impact of Climate Change on Land Use, Yield and Production of Cassava in Thailand

This article examined the effect of climate change on land use, yield, and production of cassava in Thailand, employing the panel data analysis between 1989 and 2016. The spatial regression and the instrumental variable method with the generalized method of moment were employed to address the endogeneity problems with the unique climate dataset. The current article investigated that total rainfall and the La Niña event determined harvested area of cassava. In addition, the harvested area was decreased as the population density increased due to high demand for non-agricultural use. On the other hand, increased access to irrigation systems enhanced the harvested area of cassava. Considering the yield of cassava, we found an inverted U-shape relationship between yield and temperature. Moreover, this study revealed that climate variability, extreme events and technological progress statistically influenced cassava yields. By using the climate projections during 2046–2055, we found that harvested area and yield of cassava were projected to reduce 12.49–16.05% and 2.57–6.22% from the baseline. As a result, cassava production in Thailand was predicted to decline 14.74–21.26% from the baseline. The well-being of a half-million farmers in Thailand plus actors in the global supply chain of cassava will be vulnerable to climate change.
Josephson junctions in superconducting coplanar DC bias cavities: Fundamental studies and applications

This thesis investigates fundamental properties of Josephson junctions embedded in microwave circuits, and an application arising from this hybrid approach. We used the versatility of superconducting coplanar DC bias cavities to extract previously inaccessible information on phase coherent and subgap mechanisms of graphene Josephson junctions. Chapter 1 gives an introduction to the technology of Josephson field effect transistors, among which graphene junctions show promise for future improvements in quantum computation. Together with an overview of the Josephson effect in superconducting-semiconducting systems, we introduce the concept of coplanar DC bias cavities for probing Josephson junctions at gigahertz frequencies. In chapter 2, we describe the experimental methods developed for carrying out the subsequent measurements. We include details on fabrication, material properties and measurement setup. Results of graphene Josephson junctions embedded in DC bias microwave resonators are presented in chapters 3 and 4. By following the resonance frequency and losses of the circuit, we are able to extract the junctions’ Josephson inductance and subgap resistance. Studying the nonlinear power and bias current response reveals further information on the underlying loss mechanisms and current phase relation. We turn to an application of our hybrid bias cavity – Josephson junction devices to detect small, low-frequency currents in chapter 5. Our device is competitive with state-of-the-art techniques for microwave radiation detection and, with minor modifications, should be able to outperform existing technologies by orders of magnitude. Finally, we conclude the presented work in chapter 6 and provide an outlook on potential future research.
Similar oyster reproduction across estuarine regions differing in carbonate chemistry

In laboratory studies, shellfish larvae often respond negatively to augmented [CO2], but no prior tests have related wild bivalve larval performance and carbonate chemistry spatiotemporally. The geography of Willapa Bay (Washington, USA) naturally generates two distinct regions of carbonate chemistry where non-native Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) dominate the intertidal fauna and successfully reproduce. On the river-influenced east side, pCO2 is higher and alkalinity lower, which both contribute to reduced aragonite saturation state (Xaragonite 1.3– 1.5) relative to the west side receiving low watershed inputs (Xaragonite 1.8–1.9). pHsws is also >0.1 lower on the east vs. west sides. Despite this difference in field conditions, no biological signal related to carbonate chemistry was apparent in oyster reproduction based on coupled chemical–biological comparisons over three summers. Instead, survival was equal between the two sides of the bay, and settlement was equal or higher on the low-Xaragonite, low-pH east side. In a temporal comparison of four larval cohorts, settlement differed by two orders of magnitude and increased with water temperature. These field data on oyster reproduction illustrate that population-level effects may not emerge in higher mean [CO2] conditions, with possible decoupling due to local adaptation, spatio-temporal heterogeneity, or higher sensitivity to other axes of environmental variability such as temperature.
The Correlation Between Parents’ Self-Determination with Behavioral Prevention of Picky Eating in Toddlers

Introduction: Picky eating is a disorder in eating patterns which is currently found in toddlers and parents have an important role in shaping the eating behavior of children. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of parents' self-determination with the behavioral prevention of picky eating in toddlers. Methods: This study is a correlational analytic study with cross-sectional design. The independent variable in this study is parents’ self-determination and the dependent variable is behavioral prevention of picky eating. The population was parents with toddlers in the working area at the Public Health Center of Kedawung 1, Sragen, Central Java. A sample of 113 respondents was selected by cluster sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires demographic of the respondent, Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale/BPNSFS, and behavioral prevention of picky eating which was then analyzed using the Spearman-rank test. Results: Based on the characteristics, the majority of respondents are aged 21-39 years old, educated from junior to senior high, working as a housewife, and have a family income each month was less than the minimum wage of work. The results showed that most parents with self-determination in the good category correlate positively with the behavioral prevention of picky eating in their children (p value=0.000, r-value=0.487). Conclusion: Parents with self-determination in the good category also have good behavioral prevention of picky eating. The result of this study could be used by nurses to reference in health promotion into the prevention of picky eating in children.
Shhhh! Chinese students are studying quietly in the UK

ABSTRACT China is the leading source of international students for the UK. However, there are many differences between Chinese and UK classroom culture; for example, Chinese students may do well in tests and assignments in class, but they are very quiet and are often reluctant to speak up within the classroom environment. This silent behaviour can be a challenge to those lecturers who used to teach in a highly participative environment. The purpose of this study is to explore Chinese students’ silent behaviour and provide innovative strategies for UK higher education institutions how they can support Chinese students and improve their experience in the UK.
Unraveling the links between rapid automatized naming (RAN), phonological awareness, and reading.

It is well established that phonological awareness (PA) and rapid automatized naming (RAN) tasks reliably predict children’s developing word reading abilities, across a wide range of languages. However, existing research has not yet demonstrated unequivocally whether RAN and PA are independently and causally linked to reading, nor fully explored the underlying cognitive mechanisms. Most existing research has assessed PA and RAN in children who may already have some reading skill, making direction of influence hard to ascertain. To address this, the current longitudinal research initially assessed RAN and PA in a very young sample of 91 English children (mean age: 3;11; SD = 3.7 months), demonstrated to be non-readers. Children were reassessed on RAN, PA, and word-level reading, 18 months (Time 2) and then a further year later (Time 3). To explore underlying mechanisms, separate measures of reading accuracy and fluency were taken, and reading tasks varied according to the extent to which they required alphabetic decoding and lexical, orthographic knowledge. Path analyses revealed that from Time 1 to Time 2 both RAN and PA predicted word reading, indicating temporal precedence, though there was some degree of reciprocity in these relationships. However, by Time 3, while RAN still predicted accuracy and fluency of reading, PA only predicted reading accuracy. Furthermore, findings suggested that while RAN was robustly related to both alphabetic decoding and lexical, orthographic aspects of reading, PA’s relationship was restricted to alphabetic decoding accuracy. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
DNA polymorphism of Cyp19 (Aromatase) gene in Rathi cattle

One of the major genes is CYP19 gene which is related to reproduction and production traits in livestock. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic polymorphism within CYP19 gene in Rathi using PCR-RFLP Technique. Genomic DNA extracted from 60 health Rathi Cattle and was amplified using primer that were designed from the cattle CYP19 gene Sequences. The polymorphism in CYP19 gene was detected using PCR-RFLP method and PvuII restriction enzyme. AA (39 %), AB (31.66%), and BB (3.33 %). The allele was more frequent (0.81) than B (0.19). In the population it was found deviations from HWE.
Mechanical Properties of Nano-Modified Cementitious Composites Reinforced with Single and Hybrid Fibers

High-performance cementitious composites (HPCC) are prominently featured with high tensile ductility and toughness. Slag has been widely used in HPCC; however, HPCC with high volumes of slag has low matrix strength and limited development of micro-structure at early-age. These limitations can be mitigated by incorporating nano-particles (e.g., nano-silica) in the binder. The purpose of this study was to develop nano-modified HPCC with high ductility and matrix quality. A new form of basalt fibers termed basalt fiber pellets (BFP)—basalt fiber strands encapsulated by a polymeric resin—were used at different dosages (2.5% and 4.5% by volume), and in a hybrid system with PVA fibers (1% by volume) to develop in these composites. All composites incorporated a binder consisting of 50% general use cement and 50% slag with the addition of 6% nano-silica. The composites were tested in relation to compressive strength and flexural performance. All the nano-modified composites showed improved performance, especially at early-age, despite the high volume of slag incorporated in the binder. While the compressive strength of the mixtures was reduced with increasing the dosage of BFP, addition of 1% PVA fibers to BFP (hybrid system) enhanced the compressive strength of the composites. In the same context, the flexural performance of the composites comprising hybrid fibers was also improved in relation to flexural strength, post-cracking behavior, residual strength and toughness. Therefore, these composites have a promising potential for infrastructure applications requiring improved strength and ductility.
Cluster-based mention typing for named entity disambiguation

Abstract An entity mention in text such as “Washington” may correspond to many different named entities such as the city “Washington D.C.” or the newspaper “Washington Post. ” The goal of named entity disambiguation (NED) is to identify the mentioned named entity correctly among all possible candidates. If the type (e.g., location or person) of a mentioned entity can be correctly predicted from the context, it may increase the chance of selecting the right candidate by assigning low probability to the unlikely ones. This paper proposes cluster-based mention typing for NED. The aim of mention typing is to predict the type of a given mention based on its context. Generally, manually curated type taxonomies such as Wikipedia categories are used. We introduce cluster-based mention typing, where named entities are clustered based on their contextual similarities and the cluster ids are assigned as types. The hyperlinked mentions and their context in Wikipedia are used in order to obtain these cluster-based types. Then, mention typing models are trained on these mentions, which have been labeled with their cluster-based types through distant supervision. At the NED phase, first the cluster-based types of a given mention are predicted and then, these types are used as features in a ranking model to select the best entity among the candidates. We represent entities at multiple contextual levels and obtain different clusterings (and thus typing models) based on each level. As each clustering breaks the entity space differently, mention typing based on each clustering discriminates the mention differently. When predictions from all typing models are used together, our system achieves better or comparable results based on randomization tests with respect to the state-of-the-art levels on four defacto test sets.
Sentimental Analysis of Movie Reviews using Twitter

—One of the most well known Microblogging site is twitter. Numerous individuals utilize this stage to communicate their feelings by tweeting. Sentimental analysis is process where one can foresee the feelings of individual utilizing text investigation strategies. It is one of the main study areas in Natural Language Processing (NLP). This will be useful for many applications from product review to political critics. In this paper we will anticipate the feelings of tweets which are extricated from twitter account utilizing twitter programming interface. We utilize two calculations to manufacture the model one is Naive Bayes and another is SVM. These two algorithms give best outcomes for text arrangement where it learns how to classify the given input from trained dataset and hence it is supervised learning. The preparation dataset is film audits which are utilized to prepare the model. The forecast is made on tweets extricated as positive, negative and neutral. The point is to assemble an effective model to foresee the emotions of tweet with the goal that watcher can know whether a film merits is worth viewing or not and furthermore to accomplish better precision.
Does classroom diversity improve intergroup relations? Short- and long-term effects of classroom diversity for cross-ethnic friendships and anti-immigrant attitudes in adolescence

This study examined short- and long-term effects of ethnic classroom diversity for intergroup relations in adolescence. Using a five-year panel of Swedish majority youth (MageT1 = 13.40, MageT5 = 17.30), we found only limited direct effects of classroom diversity on anti-immigrant attitudes. However, classroom diversity increased the likelihood of cross-ethnic friendships, which in turn was associated with lower levels of anti-immigrant attitudes. Moreover, we found that the effect of classroom diversity on friendships remained also after adolescents transitioned to new schools. The findings highlight the importance of longitudinal analyses and contribute to a deeper understanding of how intergroup relations develop during adolescence. It brings new insights related to the longevity of classroom effects and to cross-ethnic friendships’ ability to mediate the diversity–attitudes relationship.
Utilizing the theory of reasoned action in understanding students’ choice in selecting accounting as major

ABSTRACT Many researchers have endeavoured to explore the factors that influence the choice of students to major in accounting. To this end, and by using the theory of reasoned action (TRA), this study contributes to the accounting education literature by providing empirical evidence on the relationship between selected intrinsic and extrinsic factors and the choice of students to major in accounting in a fast-developing country, Qatar. Using mixed methods for data collection and analysis; a questionnaire survey along with semi-structured interviews; the findings of the current study confirm the propositions of the TRA that student’s decision to major in accounting is shaped by attitudinal factors (personal interests, perception of accounting education including introductory course, and the perception of job prospects), as well as subjective norms factors (influence of instructor and the social influence from family and peers).
Perception of God’s Attributes for Mental Comfort in Stressful Life Events

Background: In recent years, the concept of using religious methods to deal with stressful life events has emerged as a major concern in the field of psychology. Empirical pieces of evidence have demonstrated the vital impact of religious coping on the physical and mental health of individuals. The aim of this study is to examine how a person uses the perception of God’s attributes for experiencing mental comfort in stressful life events. Methods: A sample of 53 individuals with age ranged from 20 to 30 years (M= 22.8, SD=1.77) participated in this qualitative study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in which participants were asked that during stressful situations which attribute of God they conceive and how these perceptions help them for mental comfort. Results: In content analysis, four major themes relevant to the attributes of God emerged. That included God as Responder, Helper, Healer, and Provider. These conceptions consequently revealed positive experiences such as resolution and recovery, strengthening existing beliefs, comfort, and mental satisfaction, a sense of personal growth and achievement, feelings consoling and acceptance. Implications: This study has certain implications in health and social psychology. Counselors, practitioners, and therapists should take into account the spiritual or religious coping when assisting individuals in stressful situations or during counseling etc. Conclusions: Subjective self-reporting nature of data and lack of standardized measures are the limitations of the study. The findings have practical implications and to address mental health issues and spiritual needs.
Impact of nutrient cycling on food web stability

Nutrient cycling is fundamental to ecosystem functioning. Despite recent major advances in the understanding of complex food web dynamics, food web models have so far generally ignored nutrient cycling. However, nutrient cycling is expected to strongly impact food web stability and functioning. To make up for this gap, we built an allometric and size structured food web model including nutrient cycling. By releasing mineral nutrients, recycling increases the availability of limiting resources for primary producers and links each trophic level to the bottom of food webs. We found that nutrient cycling can provide more than 50% of the total nutrient supply of the food web, leading to a strong enrichment effect that promotes species persistence in nutrient poor ecosystems but leads to a paradox of enrichment at high nutrient inputs, i.e. to destabilisation. In addition to this enrichment effect, the presence of recycling loops linking each trophic level to the basal resources stabilises species biomass dynamics in food chains but has only weak stabilising effects in complex food webs. By considering nutrient cycling, this new model improves our understanding of the response of food webs to nutrient availability and open perspectives to better link studies on food web dynamics and ecosystem functioning.
The Health Effects of Prison

This paper studies the health effects of Swedish prison reforms that held sentences constant but increased the share of time inmates had to serve. The increased time served did not harm post-release health and actually reduced mortality risk. We find especially large decreases in mortality for offenders not previously incarcerated, younger offenders, and those more attached to the labor market. Risk of suicide and circulatory death fell for inmates with mental health problems and older inmates, respectively. In-prison health care utilization and program participation increased with time served, suggesting health care treatment and services as the key mechanism for mortality declines. (JEL I12, I18, K42)
Patterns of Genetic Diversity of the White-Nosed Coati Reveals Phylogeographically Structured Subpopulations in Mexico

Coatis (Procyonidae; Nasua) are considered the only truly social meso-carnivore mammals in Neotropical forests. In Mexico, white-nosed coatis (Nasua narica) are suspected to have undergone population reduction due to habitat loss and fragmentation and led to a lack of genetic adaptability and genetic isolation throughout its range. We examined patterns of genetic diversity and connectivity of five populations of Nasua narica distributed throughout Mexico (n = 60) by sequencing an ≈ 800 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene and also by screening 12 microsatellite loci. We found moderate to high levels of genetic variability for both genetic markers. We recorded twenty-two different cytochrome-b haplotypes throughout the 5 sampled areas and found that each of the sampled population of white-nosed coatis in Mexico harbors unique haplotypes and only three haplotypes were shared among two different populations that were closer geographically. All populations had high haplotype diversity (h) (0.968 ± 0.008 (SD)) but lower levels of nucleotide diversity (π) of 0.007 ± 0.001 (SD). All microsatellite loci were polymorphic in all of the populations and the mean number of alleles per locus was 5.033 ± 1.545 (SD) with expected (HE) and observed (HO) heterozygosity values of 0.774 and 0.664, respectively. However, low Wright F statistic values suggest the existence of a reduced heterozygosity (FST = 0.203, FIS = 0.134 and FIT = 0.310). Significant differences between the five populations confirmed isolation by distance, which suggests genetic structure among five subpopulations.