Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Semantic Structure of Query Search Results

- Organization of query’s search results is a key issue of modern information retrieval systems. In recent years, ranking and listing Web pages based on their Web links have made great success in Web information systems. However, just ranking documents retrieved is not sufficient to users and this kind of ranking is only specific to text collections with extra linkage information among documents. Moreover, the organization of search results relies not only the extra linkage information, but also the intra content information. In the case of bad-quality extra linkage information, the understanding of intra content information of documents retrieved plays the crucial role. Therefore, to effectively organize query’s search results, in this paper, we studied the semantic structure, i.e., the content-based relationships, of query’s search results from the perspective of statistical networks. We showed that such semantic structure is a complex network with the properties of small worlds, scale free and hierarchy. Therefore, the semantic relationships between documents retrieved are revealed and hence provide a beneficial understanding of how these documents can be organized for users according to their contents.
Changes in soil microbial biomass and community structure with addition of contrasting types of plant litter in a semiarid grassland ecosystem

Aims Elevated atmospheric CO2 has the potential to enhance the net primary productivity of terrestrial ecosystems. However, the role of soil microorganisms on soil C cycling following this increased available C remains ambiguous. This study was conducted to determine how quality and quantity of plant litter inputs would affect soil microorganisms and consequently C turnover. Methods Soil microbial biomass and community structure, bacterial community-level physiological profile, and CO2 emission caused by different substrate C decomposition were investigated using techniques of biological measurements, chemical and stable C isotope analysis, and BIOLOG-ECO microplates in a semiarid grassland ecosystem of northern China in 2006 and 2007 by mixing three contrasting types of plant materials, C3 shoot litter (SC3), C3 root litter (RC3), and C4 shoot litter (SC4), into the 10- to 20-cm soil layer at rates equivalent to 0 (C0), 60 (C60), 120 (C120 )a nd 240 g C m � 2 (C240). Important Findings Litter addition significantly enriched soil microbial biomass C and N and resulted in changes in microbial structure. Principal component analysis of microbial structure clearly differentiated among zero addition, C3-plant-derived litter, and C4-plant-derived litter and among shoot- and root-derived litter of C3 plants; soil microorganisms mainly utilized carbohydrates without litter addition, carboxylic acids with C3-plant-derived litter addition and amino acids with C4-plant-derived litter addition. We also detected stimulated decomposition of older substrate with C4-plant-derived litter inputs. Our results show that both quality and quantity of belowground litter are involved in affecting soil microbial community structure in semiarid grassland ecosystem.
Comparative efficiency of various fats rich in medium-chain fatty acids to suppress ruminal methanogenesis as measured with RUSITEC

A RUSITEC apparatus equipped with eight fermenters was used to investigate the effects of seven different fats with high proportions of medium-chain fatty acids (C8:0–C16:0) supplied at a level of 53 g kg−1 DM. In detail, coconut oil, palm kernel oil, palm oil, tallow, milk fat and two types of canola oils, both genetically enriched with lauric acid, were compared with a diet supplemented with prilled fat. The prilled fat was selected from three different rumen-protected fats in a preliminary experiment as the least effective one regarding methane release. Palm kernel oil, coconut oil and one of the canola oils significantly (P < 0.05) decreased methane release, methanogens and ciliates whereas the other fats had only minor effects. With the use of the three effective fats, NDF degradation was also suppressed (P < 0.05), but the rumen fluid concentration of volatile fatty acids remained unchanged. However, at constant acetate proportion, butyrate proportion increased (P < 0.05) at the expense of propionat.
Leakage Error Compensation in Motor Current Signature Analysis for Shaft Misalignment Detection in Submersible Pumps

Excessive vibrations in motor operation can be a cause of premature failure in many industrial applications; therefore, effective solutions to accurately measure vibrations are required. A common approach to measure vibrations is through the motor current signature analysis, as torque oscillations produce characteristic frequency components in the current spectrum; this approach is suitable for those industrial applications where the rotating parts are not directly accessible for sensor installation, e.g., electrical submersible pumps which are usually deep underground or underwater. The detection of vibrations from the current spectrum is particularly challenging in high-power motors, where the ratio between the amplitude of the sideband spectral components caused by vibrations and the amplitude of the fundamental component is so small that the former is likely to be masked by the spectral leakage of the latter when a traditional Fourier analysis is employed. This article proposes a method to improve the sideband amplitude measurement by compensating for the leakage error in the current spectrum. The method is applied, in particular, to the detection of vibrations caused by a shaft angular misalignment, but it can be applied to other types of vibrations as well. The method is first illustrated through simulation results and then experimentally validated on a smaller-scale motor. Results confirm the ability of the proposed method to accurately measure the sideband amplitude even when it was originally completely hidden by the spectral leakage of the fundamental component.
Ca 2+ and reactive oxygen species are involved in the defense responses of rice callus culture to rice blast disease

2+ and reactive oxygen species in the defense responses of callus cultures of rice (Oryza sativa L., cv. Zenith) to infection with avirulent strain of rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea, strain Ina168) was investigated. It was observed that rice calli, especially after mild blast infection, exude substances (diffusate) that inhibit spore germination of the avirulent blast fungus. This fungitoxic calli diffusate led to superoxide dismutase-sensitive reduction of Nitro-blue-tetrazolium. Treatment of rice calli with crude elicitor from the blast fungus also led to hypersensitive necrotic response. Addition of antioxidant reagents diminishes the necrotic response of calli to the elictor treatment, implicating the involvement of reactive oxygen species in the hypersensitive necrotic response. When ethyleneglycoltetraacetic acid (Ca 2+ chelator) or LaCl3 (Ca 2+ channel blocker) was added, the necrotic response of calli to elicitor treatment was also significantly weakened, implying the involvement of Ca 2+
Comparison of Whole-Genome Sequences of COVID-19 Strains in Wuhan-China, USA and Spain to Determine Source of Epidemic

Background: The World Health Organization declared the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak a global public health emergency from Wuhan/China to others countries. Methodology: Genetic analyses of sixty eight complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 (38 reference strain from China, 24 strain from USA and 7 strains from Spain and others from Japan and Korea) were performed. By the Bio Edit software a multiple alignment of the COVID-19 sequences was performed for each of America (24 strains) and China (38 strains) separately, also, multiple alignments were made with 68 sequences of strains of the virus from each of America, China and Spain. The mutation in complete genome of virus was detected. Phylogeny tree representative strains from China, USA, Spain and Japan with two MERS strains one from KSA and one from Korea as comparable. Results: The result shown that 31.6% had point mutations in Chinese strains, 73.9% in USA and 71.4 mutant strains in Spain. Most of the mutation occurred ORF1ab, OFR7a, S gene and ORF6a respectively in China, USA and Spain strains. Conclusion: The conclusion shown that there is a high genetic identity between the selected strains of virus in China-Wuhan and those that spread in America and Spain, which indicates that the epidemic center is coming from China. These observations provided evidence of the genetic diversity and rapid evolution of this novel coronavirus.
Differential Channel-State-Information-Based Human Activity Recognition in IoT Networks

In this article, we recognize multiple human activities in an Internet-of-Things (IoT) network using differential channel state information (CSI) of the available wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) signals. Different human activities in the Wi-Fi environment lead to multipath fading, resulting in a change of CSI for each activity. This CSI is sensed by smart IoT devices, such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops for activity recognition. The use of differential CSI mitigates the offset and background noise. Another advantage of the proposed method is that it eliminates the requirement of traditional wearable activity recognition sensors, such as gyroscope, pedometers, and accelerometers. A long short-term memory (LSTM) model is used for automatic feature extraction and classification of human activities from the differential CSI. Training the LSTM model with the phase of differential denoised CSI significantly improves the classification accuracy. The results show a good tradeoff between model complexity and classification accuracy, thereby ensuring better performance as compared to the previous state-of-the-art methods.
Improved DFT Algorithm for 2D DOA Estimation Based on 1D Nested Array Motion

In this letter, two-dimensional (2D) direction of arrival (DOA) estimation using one-dimensional (1D) nested array motion is studied, and an improved Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) algorithm is proposed. Exploiting nested array to move vertically along its axis enables 2D DOA estimation with large-scale and hole-free difference co-array. DFT algorithm has lower complexity than multiple signal classifications(MUSIC) method, but traditional DFT algorithm still requires multiple extra searches to ensure estimation accuracy. We use DFT to obtain the initial angle estimations, and then compensate the estimation offsets via total least squares (TLS) constructed from Taylor expansion approximation. Compared with the traditional DFT search method, the proposed method has lower complexity and better performance. Multiple simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of our approach.
Evaluation of dynamic knee joint alignment using a one-way frontal video method

In clinical practice, motion analysis can be challenging due to lack of space. Therefore, we propose a method of using one-way frontal video that can be executed easily in a small area. As it has been suggested that gait analysis using one-way frontal video can be used to analyze dynamic changes to knee joint alignment, the purpose of this research was to evaluate this method of motion analysis and examine the accuracy of this technique compared with that of a 3D motion analysis system. Twelve healthy subjects wearing optical reflective markers participated in this gait analysis study that involved the simultaneous use of one-way frontal video and a 3D motion analysis system. The femoral tibial angle (FTA) and the distance between the lower limb mechanical axis and the center of the knee joint were analyzed. The mean absolute error (MAE) of the results from the one-way frontal video and the 3D motion analysis system was calculated and the accuracy of the one-way frontal video method was evaluated. As a result, the patterns of change in knee alignment index obtained from the one-way frontal video all qualitatively matched those observed using the 3D motion analysis system. The MAE was 0.8 degrees in the FTA and the distance between the lower limb mechanical axis and the center of the knee joint was 2.5 mm. The MAE of knee joint alignment was sufficiently small compared to the alignment change associated with abnormal motion in patients with osteoarthritis. Therefore, the evaluation of knee joint alignment using the one-way frontal video method offers sufficient levels of accuracy to be used in diagnoses of abnormal movement.
Differential tolerance to copper and zinc of micropropagated birches tested in hydroponics.

Copper and zinc tolerances of 10 micropropagated birch (Betula pendula and B. pubescens) clones were studied in hydroponic culture. Tolerance indices were determined, based on the mean growth rate of the longest root in 1 wk. A seed-derived clone (142A), from a lead/Zn-contaminated site showed more tolerance to Cu and Zn than bud-derived clones (HA02 and HA18) from a Cu/nickel-contaminated site or an ozone-tolerant clone (KL-2-M) from an uncontaminated area. For Cu, the EC50 values were 30, 14, 8 and 11 μM in clones 142A, HA02, HA18 and KL-2-M, respectively. FOT Zn, the EC50 s were 4000 and 350 μM in clones 142A and KL-2-M, respectively. The relative Cu and Zn tolerances of the other clones were estimated by growing the plants in 30 μ CuSO4 , and in 2000 or 350 μM ZnSO4 , respectively. It is of interest that the Zn-tolerant clone 142A was tolerant to Cu, although this metal was present at a very low concentration in the soil where the parent tree grows. Another clone (142B), from another seed of the same parent tree, was tolerant neither to Zn nor Cu. Compared with their own EC20 s for root growth for Cu, 142A took up more Cu than KL-2-M, suggesting that the higher tolerance of the former clone is not explained by reduced uptake of Cu. The Zn uptake in clones 142A and KL-2-M was studied at 4000 μM and 800 μM Zn, respectively. Interestingly, the roots of both clones contained the same amount of Zn, even though clone 142A was exposed to a fivefold concentration of Zn.
BAYESIAN ANALYSIS IN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT RESEARCH: TIME TO UPDATE YOUR PRIORS BRIAN T. MCCANN Associate Professor of Strategic Management Owen Graduate School of Management

Bayesian statistical methods offer an important and increasingly endorsed alternative to traditional statistical significance testing. This paper presents a brief introduction to Bayesian methods, providing guidance to strategic management researchers who may wish to incorporate these methods into their research. We describe the advantages of Bayesian approaches and explain the steps involved in conducting and reporting a Bayesian analysis. For illustration, we provide a sample analysis, including all associated code using version 15 of Stata, which features significantly augmented Bayesian capabilities.
NF-κB Regulates the Expression of the Human Complement Receptor 2 Gene1

CR2 is a key regulator of the B cell response to Ag. Here we show that NF-κB enhances the expression of the human CR2 gene. Promoter truncation, deletion, and mutagenesis studies indicated a functional role for a consensus NF-κB promoter element, as well as a heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D element and an overlapping X box/E box. By supershift analysis, the first two elements bound NF-κB p50 and p65 and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein RNP D, respectively. The X box/E box bound regulatory factor X5 and, surprisingly, NF-κB p50 and p65. Overexpression of NF-κB p50 enhanced the activity of the CR2 promoter in B cell lines and primary B cells, suggesting a direct role for NF-κB in regulating promoter activity. Importantly, mutation of the NF-κB element or the X box/E box rendered the promoter unresponsive to NF-κB p50. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation in live B cell lines and primary B cells, we found that NF-κB proteins p50, p65, and c-Rel bound to the genomic promoter at two locations that overlap with the consensus NF-κB element or the X box/E box. Finally, stimuli that activate NF-κB enhanced the activity of the CR2 promoter, and LPS rapidly increased the number of CR2 proteins on the surface of primary B cells. We propose that the NF-κB signaling pathway enhances the expression of the CR2 gene, as a result of NF-κB proteins binding to two CR2 promoter elements. Thus, at the onset of an infection, LPS could sensitize the B cell to Ag by enhancing the level of CR2-costimulatory molecules on the cell surface.
Evaluation of Microbial Contamination of Street-Vended Fruit Salad in Calabar, Nigeria

The increase in cases of food borne illnesses related to street vended fruit salad in developing countries is of serious public health concern. This study was therefore conducted on street-vended fruit salad, to determine their microbial quality using microbial limit test. A statistically convenient sample size (N=20) of pre-packaged fruit salad made from different combinations of fresh fruits were evaluated for microbial contaminants using standard plate techniques. The specific microbial genera were enumerated on appropriate selective media and identified using standard identification parameters with the aid of identification and taxonomic manuals. The results revealed high microbial load in 90% of the samples evaluated. Heterotrophic bacteria contaminated 90% of the samples, non-fecal coliform (80%), fecal coliform (60%), molds (70%) and yeasts, (50%). Total and fecal coliform counts ranged from 3.7 x 10 5 cfu/g to 6.8 x 10 5 cfu/g and from 3.2 x 10 5 cfu/g to 5.8 x10 5 cfu/g respectively, while total staphylococcal and fungal counts ranged from 3.4cfu/g to 6.5cfu/g in both cases. The presence of coliform bacteria and other microbial contaminants in numbers exceeding the recommended microbiological standards is a reflection of unwholesome product, hence the need for proper microbiological safety analysis of fruit salad prepared for human consumption.
The Effects of Acclimation Temperature on the Susceptibility of Biological Membranes in Fish Muscle to Lipid Peroxidation and the Role of Phospholipid Composition on Antioxidant Defenses in Vertebrates

GRIM, JEFFREY MATTHEW, Ph.D., August 2010, Biological Sciences The Effect of Acclimation Temperature on the Susceptibility of Biological Membranes in Fish Muscle to Lipid Peroxidation and the Role of Phospholipid Composition on Antioxidant Defenses in Vertebrates (149 pp.) Director of Dissertation: Elizabeth L. Crockett The rate of lipid peroxidation (LPO) of biological membranes depends on both phospholipid composition and the balance between proand antioxidant metabolism. At cold temperatures, fishes are enriched in phospholipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids and ethanolamine headgroups, which should increase LPO susceptibility. LPO at cold temperatures may be exacerbated by increases in the production of reactive oxygen species accompanying enhanced oxidative capacities. The central hypothesis of Chapters 1 and 2 of the current work is that animals at cold and warm body temperatures may experience similar rates of LPO because the physiological changes at cold temperature (phospholipid remodeling and oxidative metabolism) may offset the shift in kinetics of LPO and ROS generation as a consequence of temperature. This work addresses the effects of acclimation temperature on proand antioxidant metabolism, phospholipid composition, and susceptibility of LPO using eurythermal fishes including killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus macrolepidotus), bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), and striped bass (Morone saxatilis). In Chapter 1, killifish and bluegill were acclimated for 9 days and 2 months, respectively, to 5° and 25°C. Following the acclimation period, activities of oxidative and antioxidant enzymes were quantified in glycolytic and cardiac muscle, and LPO susceptibility was measured at an intermediate temperature (15°C) in mitochondrial
Insect-plant biology: from physiology to evolution.

Insects as herbivores. Plants: chemical variation in space and time. Plants as insect food. Host plant selection: orientation. Host plant selection: variability. Host plant and herbivore endocrinology. Ecology of insect-plant interactions. Evolution of insect-plant interactions. Insects and flowers. Insects and plants: applied aspects. Methodology of insect-plant interactions.
Artificial Neural Networks Based Modeling of the Reverse Osmosis Process Performance

This investigation presents a methodology and practical guidelines for developing predictive models for reverse osmosis plants by a data-based approach using neural networks based on the back-propagation algorithm. This study utilizes actual operating data from reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plants. Our resulting neural network model is capable of accurately predicting the actual operating data from RO desalination plants, but the accuracy of a neural network model depends on both the proper selection of input variables and the broad range of data with which the network is trained. A neural network model can handle noisy data more effectively than statistical regression and performs better in predicting the performance variables of RO desalination plants. Permeate flux and salt passage are the key performance parameters. They are mainly influenced by variable parameters such as pressure, temperature, salt concentration, feed flow rate and pH of feed water. When the temperature of feed water is increased, the permeate flux and salt passage increase and permeate flux increases with decreasing pH and concentration of feed water and increasing pressure. The salt passage decreases with increasing pressure, when the concentration of feed and pH decrease too. When increasing the feed flow rate, the permeate flux and salt passage would be increased. A good agreement prediction is obtained using the ANN predictions and the experimental data with a deviation not more than 2% for most of the cases considered. The ANN interpolative levels (which were not represented in the training phase) is shown to be of lesser quality.
Effect of TAT-signaling fusion system along with co-expression of GroEL/ES chaperones on secretory expression of somatropin

Human growth hormone (somatropin) is one of the most widely used recombinant proteins that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regulation in humans. Synthetic production of this protein normally results in low yields and inclusion body formation. To overcome these difficulties, the production of somatropin along with two common signal peptides, namely TorA and SufI, in co-expression with a cytosolic chaperone, GroEL/ES, was evaluated in the present study. The target protein and the two signal sequences (TorA and SufI) were synthesized and cloned into an expression plasmid (pET-22) by using Nde l and Xho l endonucleases. The expression vector (pGro7) containing chaperone proteins (GroES/EL) and one of the expression vectors containing the signal sequence (and the target protein) were co-expressed in the BL21 DE3 expression host. The results showed that although some of the expressed proteins exit the cytoplasm and enter the periplasmic space, there is also an accumulation of proteins (probably as inclusion body) inside the cytoplasmic area. Western blot analysis showed that the inclusion of a signal sequence in the cassette containing the target protein could help to secrete the protein in the periplasmic space and culture media when compared with control groups. The result of these experiments show that the TAT secretion system promotes transportation of the target protein out of the cytoplasm. This secretory system completes folding of the protein structure and transfers the mature protein to the periplasmic space.