Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extended Radio AGN at z ∼ 1 in the ORELSE Survey: The Confining Effect of Dense Environments

Recent hydrodynamic simulations and observations of radio jets have shown that the surrounding environment has a large effect on their resulting morphology. To investigate this, we use a sample of 50 Extended Radio Active Galactic Nuclei (ERAGN) detected in the Observations of Redshift Evolution in Large-Scale Environments survey. These sources are all successfully cross-identified to galaxies within a redshift range of 0.55 ≤ z ≤ 1.35, either through spectroscopic redshifts or accurate photometric redshifts. We find that ERAGN are more compact in high-density environments than those in low-density environments at a significance level of 4. 5σ. Among a series of internal properties under our scrutiny, only the radio power demonstrates a positive correlation with their spatial extent. After removing the possible radio power effect, the difference of size in low- and high-density environments persists. In the global environment analyses, the majority (86%) of high-density ERAGN reside in the cluster/group environment. In addition, ERAGN in the cluster/group central regions are preferentially compact with a small scatter in size, compared to those in the cluster/group intermediate regions and fields. In conclusion, our data appear to support the interpretation that the dense intracluster gas in the central regions of galaxy clusters plays a major role in confining the spatial extent of radio jets.
First-order characterization of noncommutative birational equivalence

Let $\Sigma$ be a root system with Weyl group $W$. Let $\mathsf{k}$ be an algebraically closed field of zero characteristic, and consider the corresponding semisimple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}_{\mathsf{k}, \Sigma}$. Then there is a first-order sentence $\phi_\Sigma$ in the language $\mathcal{L}=(1,0,+,*)$ of rings sucht that, for any algebraically closed field $\mathsf{k}$ of $char = 0$, the validity of the Gelfand-Kirillov Conjecture for $\mathfrak{g}_{\mathsf{k}, \Sigma}$ is equivalent to $ACF_0 \vdash \phi_\Sigma$. By the same method, we can show that the validity of Noncommutative Noether's Problem for $A_n(\mathsf{k})^W$, $\mathsf{k}$ any algebraically closed field of $char = 0$ is equivalent to $ACF_0 \vdash \phi_W$, $\phi_W$ a formula in the same language. As consequences, we obtain results on the modular Gelfand-Kirillov Conjecture and we show that, for $\mathbb{F}$ algebraically closed with characteristic $p>>0$, $A_n(\mathbb{F})^W$ is a case of positive solution of modular Noncommutative Noether's Problem.
Completely Dark Photons from Gravitational Particle Production During Inflation

Starting with the de Broglie--Proca Lagrangian for a massive vector field, we calculate the number density of particles resulting from gravitational particle production (GPP) during inflation, with detailed consideration to the evolution of the number density through the reheating. We find plausible scenarios for the production of dark-photon dark matter of mass in a wide range, as low as a micro-electron volt to $10^{14}$ GeV. Gravitational particle production does not depend on any coupling of the dark photon to standard-model particles.
Refined approachability algorithms and application to regret minimization with global costs

Blackwell's approachability is a framework where two players, the Decision Maker and the Environment, play a repeated game with vector-valued payoffs. The goal of the Decision Maker is to make the average payoff converge to a given set called the target. When this is indeed possible, simple algorithms which guarantee the convergence are known. This abstract tool was successfully used for the construction of optimal strategies in various repeated games, but also found several applications in online learning. By extending an approach proposed by Abernethy et al. (2011), we construct and analyze a class of Follow the Regularized Leader algorithms (FTRL) for Blackwell's approachability which are able to minimize not only the Euclidean distance to the target set (as it is often the case in the context of Blackwell's approachability) but a wide range of distance-like quantities. This flexibility enables us to apply these algorithms to minimize the exact quantity of interest in various online learning problems. In particular, for regret minimization with global costs, we obtain novel guarantees for general norm cost functions, and for the case of $\ell_p$ cost functions, we obtain the first regret bounds with explicit dependence in $p$ and the dimension $d$.
On Architecture to Architecture Mapping for Concurrency

Mapping programs from one architecture to another plays a key role in technologies such as binary translation, decompilation, emulation, virtualization, and application migration. Although multicore architectures are ubiquitous, the state-of-the-art translation tools do not handle concurrency primitives correctly. Doing so is rather challenging because of the subtle differences in the concurrency models between architectures. In response, we address various aspects of the challenge. First, we develop correct and efficient translations between the concurrency models of two mainstream architecture families: x86 and ARM (versions 7 and 8). We develop direct mappings between x86 and ARMv8 and ARMv7, and fence elimination algorithms to eliminate redundant fences after direct mapping. Although our mapping utilizes ARMv8 as an intermediate model for mapping between x86 and ARMv7, we argue that it should not be used as an intermediate model in a decompiler because it disallows common compiler transformations. Second, we propose and implement a technique for inserting memory fences for safely migrating programs between different architectures. Our technique checks robustness against x86 and ARM, and inserts fences upon robustness violations. Our experiments demonstrate that in most of the programs both our techniques introduce significantly fewer fences compared to naive schemes for porting applications across these architectures.
Current response of nonequilibrium steady states in the Landau-Zener problem: Nonequilibrium Green's function approach

The carrier generation in insulators subjected to strong electric fields is characterized by the Landau-Zener formula for the tunneling probability with a nonperturbative exponent. Despite its long history with diverse applications and extensions, study of nonequilibrium steady states and associated current response in the presence of the generated carriers has been mainly limited to numerical simulations so far. Here, we develop a framework to calculate the nonequilibrium Green's function of generic insulating systems under a DC electric field, in the presence of a fermionic heat bath. Using asymptotic expansion techniques, we derive a semi-quantitative formula for the Green's function with nonperturbative contribution. This formalism enables us to calculate dissipative current response of the nonequilibrium steady state, which turns out to be not simply characterized by the intraband current proportional to the tunneling probability. We also apply the present formalism to noncentrosymmetric insulators, and propose nonreciprocal charge and spin transport peculiar to tunneling electrons.
In vitro and in vivo gene transfer to respiratory epithelium in experimental models of fetal gene therapy for cystic fibrosis

Fetal gene therapy is a novel technique for correction of monogenic disorders, such as cystic fibrosis. The aims of this study were to: i) develop small animal models for fetal gene transfer to respiratory epithelium; ii) to determine the ideal gestational timing of transfection in our models; iii) evaluate in vivo gene transfer techniques which are directly applicable to human fetal therapy; and iv) assess the durability of in vivo fetal gene transfer postnatally. Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-G (VSV-G) pseudotyped lentiviral vector was used, which contains Green Fluorescence Protein (GFP), as the reporter gene. Fetal tracheas from time-mated New Zealand White pregnant rabbits were harvested on gestational day 24, 25 and 26 (term=31d) and put in organ culture medium, then transfected with 1 x 10 viral particles. Following in vitro transfection, fetal tracheas began to express marker gene as early as one day after infection, with peak expression noted by day 7 post transfection. Results were confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Based on the observation that 4 days of in vitro culture was necessary to achieve substantial marker gene expression, we evaluated two in vivo injection techniques on or before day 26 of fetal gestation: i) fetal tracheal injection (TI) following hysterotomy and partial fetal delivery, and ii) amniotic injection (AI) without hysterotomy. After injection of 1 x 10 virus particles, fetuses and their control littermates were delivered by caesarean section on gestational day 30. Fetal tissues (trachea, lung, gut, liver, kidney gonad) were harvested and marker gene expression was confirmed by fluorescent microscopy, PCR and IHC. By PCR, there was evidence of extensive transduction of fetal tissues by AI (trachea, lung, gut, liver, kidney, skin), yet
Chance-Constrained Optimal Distribution Network Partitioning to Enhance Grid Resilience

This paper formulates a chance-constrained optimal distribution network partitioning (ODNP) problem addressing uncertainties in load and renewable energy generation; and presents a solution methodology using sample average approximation (SAA). The objective is to identify potential sub-networks in the existing distribution grid; that are likely to survive as self-adequate islands if supply from the main grid is lost. {This constitutes a planning problem. } Practical constraints like ensuring network radiality and availability of grid-forming generators are considered. Quality of the obtained solution is evaluated by comparison with: a) an upper bound on the probability that the identified islands are supply-deficient, and b) a lower bound on the optimal value of the true problem. Performance of the ODNP formulation is illustrated on a modified IEEE 37-bus feeder. It is shown that the network flexibility is well utilized; the partitioning changes with risk budget; and that the SAA method is able to yield good quality solutions with modest computation cost.
Accelerated Multi-Agent Optimization Method over Stochastic Networks

We propose a distributed method to solve a multi-agent optimization problem with strongly convex cost function and equality coupling constraints. The method is based on Nesterov’s accelerated gradient approach and works over stochastically time-varying communication networks. We consider the standard assumptions of Nesterov’s method and show that the sequence of the expected dual values converge toward the optimal value with the rate of $\mathcal{O}(1/{k^2})$. Furthermore, we provide a simulation study of solving an optimal power flow problem with a well-known benchmark case.
Computational design of cold bent glass façades

Cold bent glass is a promising and cost-efficient method for realizing doubly curved glass façades. They are produced by attaching planar glass sheets to curved frames and must keep the occurring stress within safe limits. However, it is very challenging to navigate the design space of cold bent glass panels because of the fragility of the material, which impedes the form finding for practically feasible and aesthetically pleasing cold bent glass façades. We propose an interactive, data-driven approach for designing cold bent glass façades that can be seamlessly integrated into a typical architectural design pipeline. Our method allows non-expert users to interactively edit a parametric surface while providing real-time feedback on the deformed shape and maximum stress of cold bent glass panels. The designs are automatically refined to minimize several fairness criteria, while maximal stresses are kept within glass limits. We achieve interactive frame rates by using a differentiable Mixture Density Network trained from more than a million simulations. Given a curved boundary, our regression model is capable of handling multistable configurations and accurately predicting the equilibrium shape of the panel and its corresponding maximal stress. We show that the predictions are highly accurate and validate our results with a physical realization of a cold bent glass surface.
On the Nature of the T Tauri Triple System

We present a multiwavelength analysis to reveal the nature of the enigmatic T Tauri triple star system. New optical and infrared measurements are coupled with archival X-ray, UV, and millimeter data sets to show the morphologies of disk material and outflow kinematics. A dark lane of obscuring material is seen in silhouette in several emission lines and in model-subtracted ALMA millimeter continuum dust residuals near the position of T Tau Sa+Sb, revealing the attenuating circumbinary ring around T Tau S. The flux variability of T Tau S is linked in part to the binary orbit; T Tau Sb brightens near orbital apastron as it emerges from behind circumbinary material. Outflow diagnostics confirm that T Tau N powers the blueshifted western outflow, and the T Tau S binary drives the northwest-southeastern flow. Analysis of the southern outflow shows periodic arcs ejected from the T Tau system. Correlation of these arc locations and tangential kinematics with the orbit timing suggests that launch of the last four southern outflow ejections is contemporaneous with, and perhaps triggered by, the T Tau Sa+Sb binary periastron passage. We present a geometry of the T Tau triple that has the southern components foreground to T Tau N, obscured by a circumbinary ring, with misaligned disks and interacting outflows. Particularly, a wind from T Tauri Sa that is perpendicular to its circumstellar disk might interact with the circumbinary material, which may explain conflicting high-contrast measurements of the system outflows in the literature. T Tauri is an important laboratory for understanding early dynamical processes in young multiple systems. We discuss the historical and future characteristics of the system in this context.
Are wave union methods still suitable for 20 nm FPGA-based high-resolution (< 2 ps) time-to-digital converters?

This paper presents several new structures to pursue high-resolution (< 2 ps) time-to-digital converters (TDCs) in Xilinx 20 nm UltraScale field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The proposed TDCs combined the advantages of 1) our newly proposed sub-tapped delay line (sub-TDL) architecture effective in removing bubbles and zero-bins and 2) the wave union (WU) A method to improve the resolution and reduce the impact introduced from ultrawide bins. We also compared the proposed WU/sub-TDL TDC with the TDC combining the dual sampling (DS) structure and the sub-TDL technique. Moreover, we introduced a binning method to improve the linearity and derived a formula of the total measurement uncertainty for a single-stage TDL-TDC to obtain its root-mean-square (RMS) resolution. Results conclude that the proposed designs are cost-effective in logic resources and have the potential for multiple-channel implementations. Different from the conclusions from a previous study, we found that the wave union is still influential in UltraScale devices when combining with our sub-TDL structure. We also compared with other published TDCs to demonstrate where the proposed TDCs stand.
A Virtual Frame Buffer Abstraction for Parallel Rendering of Large Tiled Display Walls

We present dw2, a flexible and easy-to-use software infrastructure for interactive rendering of large tiled display walls. Our library represents the tiled display wall as a single virtual screen through a display "service", which renderers connect to and send image tiles to be displayed, either from an on-site or remote cluster. The display service can be easily configured to support a range of typical network and display hardware configurations; the client library provides a straightforward interface for easy integration into existing renderers. We evaluate the performance of our display wall service in different configurations using a CPU and GPU ray tracer, in both on-site and remote rendering scenarios using multiple display walls.
Physical characteristics of potato flour from ‘Ibituaçú’ cv. under different extrusion parameters

This study aimed to evaluate potato flour from 'Ibituacu' cultivar as raw material for extrudates. Potato flour was processed in a single-screw extruder following central composite rotational design for three factors, being considered as independent parameters: temperature in the third zone, humidity and screw speed. The products obtained were characterized by expansion index (EI), specific volume (SV), water solubility index (WSI), water absorption index (WAI), hardness (H), color (L*, a* and b*). Results showed an effect of the independent parameters on the extruded physical characteristics. The parameters varied from: 3.22 to 5.47 (EI); 2.08 to 11.23 mL g-1 (SV), 32.88 to 63.72% (WSI), 4.02 to 8.97 g gel g-1 (WAI), 7.54 to 29.85 kgf (H), 53.89 to 68.72 (L*), 5.59 to 6.92 (a*), 16.6 to 22.6 (b*). It was concluded that expanded products with desired physical characteristics are obtained at high temperature; low humidity and intermediate screw speed.
Regular ArticleNovel conducting tissues in Lower Devonian plants

Elongate cells presumed to comprise water-conducting tissues are described from the central regions of short lengths of two naked, stomatiferous, coalified, axial fossils from Lochkovian (Lower Devonian) fluvial rocks in the Welsh Borderland. In one, a discrete central strand is predominantly composed of uniformly thickened cells that are compared with central tissues in coeval plants, e.g. Aglaophyton, and the hydroids of extant mosses. The other has at least two types of cells with pits of plasmodesmata dimensions that perforate only the inner layer of a bilayered wall. These are compared with liverwort and Takakia hydroids and the coeval S-type tracheids that characterize the Rhyniopsida. The affinities of the two axes remain equivocal. The relevance of plasmodesmata-derived pits to the evolution of diversity in water-conducting elements in early embryophytes is discussed.
Investigation of wakes generated by fractal plates in the compressible flow regime using large-eddy simulations

We investigate flows interacting with square and fractal shape multi-scale structures in the compressible regime for Mach numbers under subsonic and supersonic upstream conditions using large-eddy simulations. We also aim at identifying similarities and differences that these interactions have with the corresponding interactions in the canonical incompressible flow problem. To account for the geometrical complexity associated with the fractal structures, we apply an immersed boundary method to model the no-slip boundary condition at the solid surfaces, with adequate mesh resolution in the vicinity of the small fractal features. We validate the numerical results through extensive comparisons with experimental wind tunnel measurements at a low Mach number. Similar to the incompressible flow case results, we find a breakup of the flow structures by the fractal plate and an increase in turbulent mixing in the downstream direction. As the Mach number increases, we observe noticeable wake meandering and higher spread rate of the wake in the lateral direction perpendicular to the streamwise–spanwise plane. Although not significant, we quantify the difference between the square and the fractal plates using two-point velocity correlations across the Mach number range. The wakes generated by the fractal plate in the compressible regime showed lower turbulent kinetic energy and energy spectra levels compared to those of the square case. Moreover, results in terms of the near-field pressure spectra seem to indicate that the fractal plate has the potential to reduce the aerodynamic noise.
Communications and Networking Standards for UASs: The 3GPP Perspective and Research Drivers

The unmanned aircraft system (UAS) is becoming increasingly popular for a myriad of applications, including commercial, public safety, and mission critical. A UAS consists of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and the UAV controller which use radios to communicate. While the controller is traditionally a human operator who is maintaining line of sight with the UAV it controls, the trend is moving towards long-range control and autonomous operation. To enable this, reliable and omnipresent wireless connectivity is indispensable as it is the only way to control or take control of the UAV flight. This paper surveys the ongoing 3GPP standardization activities for enabling networked UAVs. In particular, we discuss the requirements, envisaged architecture and services to be offered to UAVs and to remote controllers, which will communicate with one another and the UAS Traffic Management (UTM) through cellular networks. Global research and major R\&D platforms are presented as those will drive future standards.
Leam: An Interactive System for In-situ Visual Text Analysis

With the increase in scale and availability of digital text generated on the web, enterprises such as online retailers and aggregators often use text analytics to mine and analyze the data to improve their services and products alike. Text data analysis is an iterative, non-linear process with diverse workflows spanning multiple stages, from data cleaning to visualization. Existing text analytics systems usually accommodate a subset of these stages and often fail to address challenges related to data heterogeneity, provenance, workflow reusability and reproducibility, and compatibility with established practices. Based on a set of design considerations we derive from these challenges, we propose Leam, a system that treats the text analysis process as a single continuum by combining advantages of computational notebooks, spreadsheets, and visualization tools. Leam features an interactive user interface for running text analysis workflows, a new data model for managing multiple atomic and composite data types, and an expressive algebra that captures diverse sets of operations representing various stages of text analysis and enables coordination among different components of the system, including data, code, and visualizations. We report our current progress in Leam development while demonstrating its usefulness with usage examples. Finally, we outline a number of enhancements to Leam and identify several research directions for developing an interactive visual text analysis system.
EDGE: a new approach to suppressing numerical diffusion in adaptive mesh simulations of galaxy formation

We introduce a new method to mitigate numerical diffusion in adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) simulations of cosmological galaxy formation, and study its impact on a simulated dwarf galaxy as part of the 'EDGE' project. The target galaxy has a maximum circular velocity of 21 km/s but evolves in a region which is moving at up to 90 km/s relative to the hydrodynamic grid. In the absence of any mitigation, diffusion softens the filaments feeding our galaxy. As a result, gas is unphysically held in the circumgalactic medium around the galaxy for 320 Myr, delaying the onset of star formation until cooling and collapse eventually triggers an initial starburst at z=9. Using genetic modification, we produce 'velocity-zeroed' initial conditions in which the grid-relative streaming is strongly suppressed; by design, the change does not significantly modify the large scale structure or dark matter accretion history. The resulting simulation recovers a more physical, gradual onset of star formation starting at z=17. While the final stellar masses are nearly consistent ($4.8 \times 10^6\,M_\odot$ and $4.4\times 10^6\,M_\odot$ for unmodified and velocity-zeroed respectively), the dynamical and morphological structure of the z=0 dwarf galaxies are markedly different due to the contrasting histories. Our approach to diffusion suppression is suitable for any AMR zoom cosmological galaxy formation simulations, and is especially recommended for those of small galaxies at high redshift.