Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A critical role of Wnt 5 a during murine tooth development

S······························································· viii I.INTRODUCTION·························································· 1 II.MATERIALS AND METHODS···································· 3 1. Animals················································································3 2. Preparation of tissues and in vitro organ culture······················3 3. Bead implantation······························································ 3 4. Immunohistochemistry·······················································4 5. Transplantation of bead implanted explants into the renal subcapsular layer·································· ·····································4 6. Isolation of Wnt5a································································4 7. Whole-mount in situ hybridization······································5 8. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) ····························5 III.RESULTS········································ ································ 7 1. Effect of exogenous WNT5A during tooth development· ·········7 2. Expression of Wnt5a in the developing molar tooth germs·················································································11 3. Expression of Wnt5a and the key factors of tooth patterning in WNT5Atreated tooth germs············································13
Are Australian wholesale vegetable markets LOOPy

Literature regarding the pricing efficiency of Australian wholesale vegetable markets is very limited. The objective of this paper is to test whether or not vegetable products traded in these markets are priced efficiently and satisfy the law of one price (LOOP). To that end, the price relationships between Adelaide and Melbourne markets are tested, using the Johansen cointegration approach, Granger causality and impulse response functions. The empirical findings do not appear to satisfy the LOOP. Policy implications of the analysis are explored.
A Novel Epsilon Near Zero Tunneling Circuit Using Double-Ridge Rectangular Waveguide

In this paper, an epsilon near zero (ENZ) tunneling circuit using a double-ridge rectangular waveguide (RWG) is proposed for the miniaturization of a waveguide component. The proposed ENZ channel and is located in the middle of the input-output RWG (IORWG). The ratio of the height to the width of the channel waveguide is very small compared to the IORWG. By properly adjusting the ridge dimensions, the tunneling frequency of the proposed ENZ channel can be lowered to near the cut-off frequency of the IORWG. For the proposed ENZ tunneling circuit, the approach adopted for extracting the effective permittivity, effective permeability, normalized effective wave impedance, and propagation constant from the simulated scattering parameters was explained. The extracted parameters verified that the proposed channel is an ENZ channel and electromagnetic energy is tunneling through the channel. Simulation and measurement results of the fabricated ENZ channel structure agreed.
Barrier height estimation of asymmetric metal-insulator-metal tunneling diodes

A method is developed to estimate barrier heights of an asymmetric metal-insulator-metal (MIM) diode exhibiting Fowler-Nordheim tunneling. The method requires determination of slopes and intercepts of a log(|I(V+Δϕ)2|) versus 1V+Δϕ plot rather than a log(|I(V)2|) versus 1V plot (i.e., a conventional Fowler-Nordheim plot), where I, V, and Δϕ refer to tunneling current, applied voltage, and the difference in barrier heights, respectively. As the value of Δϕ directly impacts the applied electric field magnitude, it is a critical component in barrier height determination from a current-voltage measurement. Conventional Fowler-Nordheim plot analysis does not employ Δϕ, which compromises the accuracy of barrier height estimation when Δϕ≠0. Using the described method, the barrier heights of a ZrCuNiAl/Al2O3/Al MIM diode are estimated to be 1.75 V and 1.07 V, respectively, and the Al2O3 tunneling effective mass is estimated to be 0.47. Additional MIM diodes are analyzed to show that the accuracy of MIM diode barr.
A graphical preprocessing interface for non-conforming spectral element solvers

A Graphical Preprocessing Interface for Non-conforming Spectral Element Solvers. (August 2006) Bo Hung Kim, B.S., Yonsei University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Ali Beskok A graphical preprocessor for Spectral Element Method (SEM) is developed with an emphasis on user friendly graphical interface and instructive element construction. The interface of the preprocessor helps users with every step during mesh generation, aiding their understanding of SEM. This preprocessor’s Graphical User Interface (GUI) and help system are comparable to other commercial tools. Moreover, this preprocessor is designed for educational purposes, and prior knowledge of Spectral Element formulation is not required to use this tool. The information window in the preprocessor shows stepby-step instructions for the user. The preprocessor provides a graphical interface which enables visualization while the mesh is being constructed, so that the entire domain can be discretized easily. In addition, by following informative steps during the mesh construction, the user can gain knowledge about the intricate details of computational fluid dynamics. This preprocessor provides a convenient way to implement h/p type nonconforming interfaces between elements. This aids the user in learning advanced numerical discretization techniques, such as the h/p nonconforming SEM. Using the preprocessor
Simulation of Eddy‐Current Corrosion Detection Using a Sensor Array

A computer simulation has been developed to evaluate eddy‐current probes containing magnetic field sensor arrays for the detection and evaluation of hidden corrosion. The simulation is used to assess probes that incorporate magneto‐resistive or Hall devices in a closely‐spaced, linear array. These probes will allow rapid data acquisition over a track width determined by the length of the array. The benefit of the simulation is that adjustments to the virtual probe parameters are easily made allowing improvements in sensitivity, imaging capability and resolution. A number of probe designs have been studied in this way including the “racetrack” probe.
DIAGNOSIS AND DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES OF OPEN PENSION FUNDS

Within the last few years, the interest in the issues of the systems that are to provide financial security in old age has increased, while the inefficiency of pension systems is more and more often perceived as a global problem. The erosion of pension systems is visible mainly in the countries that transformed their economies into market-based ones. An efficient and effective construction of social security systems to prevent the effects of an increased risk of old age has become an important goal of social policy in numerous countries. In this relation, many countries, not only European ones, have carried out pension reforms but still many face the necessity of changing their pension systems. The aim of the paper is, therefore, a synthetic presentation of selected aspects of the current development of one of the elements of pension systems, i. e. open pension funds, and the problems that accompany this development, basing on the example of one of the countries of Central Europe, namely Poland. Also, the perspectives for the development of these funds are presented. The paper contains, inter alia, the results of a representative questionnaire research carried out in 2007 among the customers of pension funds, as well as among the experts on the financial system in Poland. It seems that Polish experience related to the introduction of pension funds to the Polish market in 1999 and the numerous positive phenomena that accompany their development may constitute one of the patterns for implementing reforms and introducing pension funds in other countries.
Trade in pollutive industries and the stringency of environmental regulations

This article analyses the impact of trade in pollution-intensive industries on the stringency of environmental regulation. Using system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) regressions for a panel of 92 countries and the period 1998 to 2007, we find that an increase in net exports of pollution-intensive goods leads to a lowering of the stringency of environmental regulations.
A CDMA multiuser detection algorithm on the basis of belief propagation

An iterative algorithm for the multiuser detection problem that arises in code division multiple access (CDMA) systems is developed on the basis of Pearl's belief propagation (BP). We show that the BP-based algorithm exhibits nearly optimal performance in a practical time scale by utilizing the central limit theorem and self-averaging property appropriately, whereas direct application of BP to the detection problem is computationally difficult and far from practical. We further present close relationships of the proposed algorithm to the Thouless–Anderson–Palmer approach and replica analysis known in spin-glass research.
Modeling the Performance of DDoS Attack in Optical Burst Switched Networks

The Optical Burst Switching (OBS) is an evolving result to the technology concern that could achieve a viable network in future. They are endowed with the capacity to meet the bandwidth constraint of those applications that require intensive bandwidth. The field of optical transmission has undergone numerous advancements and is still being researched mainly due to the fact that optical data transmission can be done at enormous speeds. The concept of switching in networks has matured enormously with several researches. Adaptive Optical burst switching is regarded as feasible solution for switching bursts over networks but has several drawbacks. However we have elucidated the attacks concerned with OBS and with respect to the distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack. The various header rejection probability was determined among one of the several models in the queuing theory. It has be inferred that a drastic reduction in header rejection probability occurs by increasing the size of the active flows in the OBS network.
A context immersion of mixed reality at a new stage

This paper presents a novel approach to the potential of mixed reality embodied in smart phones and ubiquitous environments. We analyzed the related works to the concept of context and mobile computing and then investigated into leading companies by interviewing senior manages of the mixed reality (MR) projects in Korea. As a result, the concept of context immersion is proposed for describing the various context relationships among the real locations, objects and persons. By considering the MR environments as a converged world, this paper characterizes the context immersion as the combination of the time & location-based, object-based and user-based contexts. Through the context immersion, users can be connected to the real life, not limited to the imagery world, thus experiencing strong immersion in the MR environments. At the end, we present the development direction for the future with a focus on the MR contents rather than the technical aspects.
RETRIEVAL OF AEROSOL OPTICAL PROPERTIES FROM GROUND-BASED REMOTE SENSING MEASUREMENTS: AEROSOL ASYMMETRY FACTOR AND SINGLE SCATTERING ALBEDO

Abstract. The Devaux-Vermeulen-Li method (DVL method) is a simple approach to retrieve aerosol optical parameters from the Sun-sky radiance measurements. This study inherited the previous works of retrieving aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA) and scattering phase function, the DVL method was modified to derive aerosol asymmetric factor (g). To assess the algorithm performance at various atmospheric aerosol conditions, retrievals from AERONET observations were implemented, and the results are compared with AERONET official products. The comparison shows that both the DVL SSA and g were well correlated with those of AERONET. The RMSD and the absolute value of MBD deviations between the SSAs are 0.025 and 0.015 respectively, well below the AERONET declared SSA uncertainty of 0.03 for all wavelengths. For asymmetry factor g, the RMSD deviations are smaller than 0.02 and the absolute values of MBDs smaller than 0.01 at 675, 870 and 1020 nm bands. Then, considering several factors probably affecting retrieval quality (i.e. the aerosol optical depth (AOD), the solar zenith angle, and the sky residual error, sphericity proportion and Ǻngstrom exponent), the deviations for SSA and g of these two algorithms were calculated at varying value intervals. Both the SSA and g deviations were found decrease with the AOD and the solar zenith angle, and increase with sky residual error. However, the deviations do not show clear sensitivity to the sphericity proportion and Ǻngstrom exponent. This indicated that the DVL algorithm is available for both large, non-spherical particles and spherical particles. The DVL results are suitable for the evaluation of aerosol direct radiative effects of different aerosol types.
Groundwater Management at Varamin Plain: The Consideration of Stochastic and Environmental Fffects

Groundwater is one of the common resources in Varamin Plain, but due to over extraction it has been exposed to ruin. This phenomenon will lead to economic and environmental problems. On the other hand, the world is expected to face with more stochastic events of water supply. Furthermore, incorporating stochastic consideration of water supply becomes more acute in designing water facilities. Therefore, the strategies should be applied to improve managing resources and increase the efficiency of irrigation system. Hence, in this study the effect of efficiency improvement of irrigation system on the exploitation of groundwater and cropping pattern is examined in deterministic and stochastic condition using Nash bargaining theory. The results showed that farmers in B scenario are more willing to cooperate and as a result of their cooperation, they lose only 3 percentages of their present value of the objective function. Therefore, the efficiency improvement of irrigation system can result in improving the cooperation between farmers and increasing the amount of reserves.
A Method of Gesture Recognition Using CNN-SVM Model with Error Correction Strategy

The gesture recognition methods based on artificial feature extraction are time-consuming and low recognition rate. The generalization ability of hand gesture recognition using convolution neural network is not strong. Therefore, this paper combines the advantages of CNN and SVM to propose a hybrid model to automatically extract the features and improve the generalization ability, in addition, we use an error correction strategy to reduce the error recognition rate of confusing gestures. First, the segmentation preprocessing of gesture data collected by Kinect. Then, the hybrid model automatically extracts features from the data and generates the predictions. Finally, using the error correction strategy to adjust the prediction result. We get a recognition rate of 95.81% without error correction strategy on our database, the average recognition rate of 97.32% with error correction strategy.
The Endogeneity of Executive Compensation and its Impact on Management Discretionary Behavior Over Financial Reporting

Extant literature has emerged testing the relationship between executive compensation and earnings management and many these studies have documented that compensation contracts create strong incentives for management discretionary behavior over financial reporting. Previous studies also pointed out that executive compensation could be simultaneously co-determined with earnings management, suggesting a potential endogeneity problem may exist between discretionary accruals and compensation structure. Using a sample of all Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) listed companies comprising 3,326 firm-year observations encompassing the periods from 2000 to 2006, this study examines the endogeneity of executive total compensation and its various components. Applying a 2SLS model the results show a significantly negative association between expected fixed compensation (particularly expected salary) and upwards earnings management and a significantly positive association between expected at-risk compensation (particularly expected bonuses) and upwards earnings management. These findings suggest endogeneity exists in that fixed compensation and salaries provide disincentives for managers to practice aggressive earnings management whereas at-risk compensation and bonuses induce managers to employ income-increasing discretionary accruals to inflate reported earnings. This study found that executive compensation plays a role in determining earnings management activities. Executives may distort financial reporting to maximize their personal wealth if their incentives are not fully aligned with those of shareholders. Compensation committees, therefore, may gain some insight in designing compensation structures that balance the incentive to improve a firm’s performance with the incentive to earnings manipulation.
Comparison of various knowledge-driven and logistic-based mineral prospectivity methods to generate Cu and Au exploration targets Case study: Feyz-Abad area (North of Lut block, NE Iran)

Motivated by the recent successful results of using GIS modeling in a variety of problems related to the geosciences, some knowledge-based methods were applied to a regional scale mapping of the mineral potential, special for Cu-Au mineralization in the Feyz-Abad area located in the NE of Iran. Mineral Prospectivity Mapping (MPM) is a multi-step process that ranks a promising target area for more exploration. In this work, five integration methods were compared consisting of fuzzy, continuous fuzzy, index overlay, AHP, and fuzzy AHP. For this purpose, geological maps, geochemical samples, and geophysics data were collected, and a spatial database was constructed. ETM + images were used to extract the hydroxyl and iron-oxide alterations, and to identify the linear and fault structures and prospective zones in regional scale; ASTER images were used to extract SiO2 index, kaolinite, chlorite, and propylitic alterations in a district scale. All the geological, geochemical, and geophysical data was integrated for MPM by different analysis. The values were determined by expert knowledge or logistic functions. Based upon this analysis, three main exploration targets were recognized in the Feyz-Abad district. Based on field observation, MPM was proved to be valid. The prediction result is accurate, and can provide directions for future prospecting. Among all the methods evaluated in this work, which tend to generate relatively similar results, the continuous fuzzy model seems to be the best fit in the studied area because it is bias-free and can be used to generate reliable target areas.
Link Strength Prediction Using Transaction-Based Matrix Factorization

The revolution of social networks and methods of analyzing them have attracted interest in many research fields. Predicting whether a friendship holds in a social network between two individuals or not, link prediction, has been a heavily researched topic in the last decade. In this research I’ve investigated a related problem, link strength prediction: how to assign strengths to friendship links. A basic approach would be matrix factorization applied to only friendship ratings. However, the existence of transactions among users may be used for better predictions. I propose a new multiple-matrix factorization model for incorporating a transaction matrix. Multiple-matrix factorization can be seen as a data fusion technique that combines evidence from different sources. In the social network application, the target matrix contains friendship ratings and the evidence matrices specify transaction intensities between users. To evaluate the model, I introduce data from Cloob.com as well as synthetic data.
An Ethnomethodological, Conversation Analytic Approach to Investigating Race in South Africa

ABSTRACT This primarily methodologically oriented article describes how an ethnomethodologically informed, conversation analytic approach can be used to investigate the ways in which racial categories become relevant in ordinary interactions in post-apartheid South Africa. Drawing on descriptions of the data and procedures employed in a broader study of the continuing centrality of race for everyday life in South Africa, the article explicates the central features and assumptions of the approach and its utility in studying the operation of social category systems (or ‘membership categorization devices’) such as race in recorded interactions. This methodological discussion is illustrated by presenting some excerpts from the data on which the broader study was based, thereby demonstrating some of the analytic payoffs of employing this type of approach. Specifically, I briefly describe a generalising practice through which speakers can treat race as relevant, or potentially relevant, for what they are doing. This empirical illustration demonstrates the utility of this approach in exploring how racial categories (and other social categories) may surface in interactions in which they have not been pre-specified as a topic of interest. The approach I describe thus offers insights into the deployment, and hence reproduction, of common-sense knowledge associated with social categories and racial categories in particular, in ordinary episodes of interaction.
Comparative Analysis of Gradient Operators Based on Content Aware Image Retargeting

— Liquid content aware image retargeting algorithm is an image resizing algorithm which resizes digital image in content aware fashion. Pixels which are highly noticeable are preserved and unnoticeable pixels are removed from image. Content aware image retargeting algorithm has advantages over traditional methods of image resizing. The performance of content aware algorithm algorithm is based on total number seams, removed from image, resolution of image and image contents. This paper, presents a comparative analysis of various energy map generation methods based on image retargeting algorithm.
Predicting Sales Performance Criteria With Personality Measures: The Use of the General Factor of Personality, the Big Five and Narrow Traits

The present study investigated the predictive validities of different hierarchical levels of personality for sales performance. The General Factor of Personality was expected to be most effective at predicting general sales performance, whereas the Big Five factors and its underlying narrow traits were expected to be most effective at predicting the specific sales performance criteria to which they are conceptually aligned. Six different sales performance measures were used in an international study involving 405 sales employees. The results suggest that General Factor of Personality is a valid predictor of general job performance but that some of the aligned narrow personality traits predict specific sales performance above and beyond the Big Five factors. The narrow trait Social Boldness has a negative relation with rated sales performance and sales results.