Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrated Amygdala, Orbitofrontal and Hippocampal Contributions to Reward and Loss Coding Revealed with Human Intracranial EEG

Neurophysiological work in primates and rodents have shown the amygdala plays a central role in reward processing through connectivity with the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and hippocampus. However, understanding the role of oscillations in each region and their connectivity in different stages of reward processing in humans has been hampered by limitations with noninvasive methods such as poor spatial and temporal resolution. To overcome these limitations, we recorded local field potentials (LFPs) directly from the amygdala, OFC and hippocampus simultaneously in human male and female epilepsy patients performing a monetary incentive delay (MID) task. This allowed us to dissociate electrophysiological activity and connectivity patterns related to the anticipation and receipt of rewards and losses in real time. Anticipation of reward increased high-frequency gamma (HFG; 60–250 Hz) activity in the hippocampus and theta band (4–8 Hz) synchronization between amygdala and OFC, suggesting roles in memory and motivation. During receipt, HFG in the amygdala was involved in outcome value coding, the OFC cue context-specific outcome value comparison and the hippocampus reward coding. Receipt of loss decreased amygdala-hippocampus theta and increased amygdala-OFC HFG amplitude coupling which coincided with subsequent adjustments in behavior. Increased HFG synchronization between the amygdala and hippocampus during reward receipt suggested encoding of reward information into memory for reinstatement during anticipation. These findings extend what is known about the primate brain to humans, showing key spectrotemporal coding and communication dynamics for reward and punishment related processes which could serve as more precise targets for neuromodulation to establish causality and potential therapeutic applications. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Dysfunctional reward processing contributes to many psychiatric disorders. Neurophysiological work in primates has shown the amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and hippocampus play a synergistic role in reward processing. However, because of limitations with noninvasive imaging, it is unclear whether the same interactions occur in humans and what oscillatory mechanisms underpin them. We addressed this issue by recording local field potentials (LFPs) from all three regions in human epilepsy patients during monetary reward processing. There was increased amygdala-OFC high-frequency coupling when losing money which coincided with subsequent adjustments in behavior. In contrast, increased amygdala-hippocampus high-frequency phase-locking suggested a role in reward memory. The findings highlight amygdala networks for reward and punishment processes that could act as more precise neuromodulation targets to treat psychiatric disorders.
Ionic heat dissipation in solid-state pores

Energy dissipation in solid-state nanopores is an important issue for their use as a sensor for detecting and analyzing individual objects in electrolyte solution by ionic current measurements. Here, we report on evaluations of heating via diffusive ion transport in the nanoscale conduits using thermocouple-embedded SiNx pores. We found a linear rise in the nanopore temperature with the input electrical power suggestive of steady-state ionic heat dissipation in the confined nanospace. Meanwhile, the heating efficiency was elucidated to become higher in a smaller pore due to a rapid decrease in the through-water thermal conduction for cooling the fluidic channel. The scaling law suggested nonnegligible influence of the heating to raise the temperature of single-nanometer two-dimensional nanopores by a few kelvins under the standard cross-membrane voltage and ionic strength conditions. The present findings may be useful in advancing our understanding of ion and mass transport phenomena in nanopores.
An m-Health telerehabilitation and health education program on physical performance in patients with hip fracture and their family caregivers: Study protocol for the ActiveHip+ randomized controlled trial.

Telerehabilitation interventions administered via a smartphone may provide new feasible and effective rehabilitation options at home for patients with hip fracture. However, to date, no such interventions have been shown to be effective in the recovery key health outcomes of these patients. The present multicentre randomized controlled trial (RCT) aims to test the effect of the ActiveHip+ m-Health system in the recovery of physical performance, functional level, quality of life, and other health-related outcomes in both patients with hip fracture and their family caregivers. A total of 104 patients older than 65 years, with hip fracture, and their family caregivers will be randomized into the ActiveHip+ rehabilitation (N = 52) or the control group (N = 52). ActiveHip+ is a 12-week smartphone-based rehabilitation program conducted in Granada and Cádiz (Spain) that includes: (1) 24 sessions of physical exercise and 12 sessions of occupational therapy; (2) seven educational modules for patients and for caregivers; and (3) general recommendations in activities of daily living. The control group will receive the usual rehabilitation protocol offered by the Andalusian Public Healthcare System. The primary outcome is the patient's physical performance, while the secondary outcomes are the patient's functional level, quality of life, pain, fear of falling, fitness perception, pre-fracture functional level, emotional status, and caregiver burden. The present project will substantially contribute to the existing knowledge by testing for the first time the efficacy and feasibility of a multidisciplinary m-Health system in the rehabilitation of patients with hip fracture.
‘My dad was like “it's your brain, what are you doing?”’: Participant experiences of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in severe enduring anorexia nervosa

Abstract Objective Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising emerging treatment for anorexia nervosa (AN). However, to date, patients' views and experiences of this treatment have not been fully explored. To assess these, we integrated a qualitative study into a feasibility randomised controlled trial of rTMS in individuals with severe enduring AN. Method Twenty‐nine (of 34) trial participants contributed to this study. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted 3‐months following the completion of rTMS treatment (4‐months post‐randomisation), prior to unblinding. Transcripts were analysed using content analysis. Results rTMS was deemed an acceptable but time‐consuming treatment. Many emphasised how their lives had changed to some extent during, but mainly after treatment by making them more positive, open‐minded, flexible and willing to try new things in relation to their AN and other aspects of their lives. Conclusions These qualitative data will be valuable in shaping participant information, recruitment and planning of future large‐scale trials of rTMS in AN. Trial Registration ISRCTN14329415, registered 23rd July 2015, https://www.isrctn. com/ISRCTN14329415
Genetic dissection of novel myopathy models reveals a role of CapZα and Leiomodin 3 during myofibril elongation

Myofibrils within skeletal muscle are composed of sarcomeres that generate force by contraction when their myosin-rich thick filaments slide past actin-based thin filaments. Although mutations in components of the sarcomere are a major cause of human disease, the highly complex process of sarcomere assembly is not fully understood. Current models of thin filament assembly highlight a central role for filament capping proteins, which can be divided into three protein families, each ascribed with separate roles in thin filament assembly. CapZ proteins have been shown to bind the Z-disc protein α-actinin to form an anchoring complex for thin filaments and actin polymerisation. Subsequent thin filaments extension dynamics are thought to be facilitated by Leiomodins (Lmods) and thin filament assembly is concluded by Tropomodulins (Tmods) that specifically cap the pointed end of thin filaments. To study thin filament assembly in vivo, single and compound loss-of-function zebrafish mutants within distinct classes of capping proteins were analysed. The generated lmod3- and capza1b-deficient zebrafish exhibited aspects of the pathology caused by variations in their human orthologs. Although loss of the analysed main capping proteins of the skeletal muscle, capza1b, capza1a, lmod3 and tmod4, resulted in sarcomere defects, residual organised sarcomeres were formed within the assessed mutants, indicating that these proteins are not essential for the initial myofibril assembly. Furthermore, detected similarity and location of myofibril defects, apparent at the peripheral ends of myofibres of both Lmod3- and CapZα-deficient mutants, suggest a function in longitudinal myofibril growth for both proteins, which is molecularly distinct to the function of Tmod4.
Solid-liquid separation technology of waste drilling fluid

To solve the problems of flocculating setting appeared during the disposal process of waste drilling fluid in Jiangsu oilfield, study on the mechanism of chemical solid liquid separationwas conducted, and based on results of tests which were fixed on effect of single inorganic flocculants, single organic flocculants and combination of both on zeta potential of waste drilling fluid and drilling sewage, two chemical destabilizing compositions and two secondary sewage treating plans were put forward. Industrial trial on waste drilling fluid from well S19 3 shows that the chemical compositions performance perfect destabilizing function on waste drilling fluid, and even more effective for water centrifugal separation. After settingand filtering, removal rate of COD and SS of water separatedis 80.8% and 99.2%respectively, and the discharge water quality meets the requirementsof GB 8978 1996. Yield of the flocculated mud residue was weak, and with little pollutants in the leaching fluid, it could be buried onsite.
NCAM1 and GDF15 are biomarkers of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in patients and mice

Abstract Molecular markers scalable for clinical use are critical for the development of effective treatments and the design of clinical trials. Here, we identify proteins in sera of patients and mouse models with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) with characteristics that make them suitable as biomarkers in clinical practice and therapeutic trials. We collected serum from mouse models of CMT1A (C61 het), CMT2D (GarsC201R, GarsP278KY), CMT1X (Gjb1-null), CMT2L (Hspb8K141N) and from CMT patients with genotypes including CMT1A (PMP22d), CMT2D (GARS), CMT2N (AARS) and other rare genetic forms of CMT. The severity of neuropathy in the patients was assessed by the CMT Neuropathy Examination Score (CMTES). We performed multitargeted proteomics on both sample sets to identify proteins elevated across multiple mouse models and CMT patients. Selected proteins and additional potential biomarkers, such as growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and cell free mitochondrial DNA, were validated by ELISA and quantitative PCR, respectively. We propose that neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM1) is a candidate biomarker for CMT, as it was elevated in Gjb1-null, Hspb8K141N, GarsC201R and GarsP278KY mice as well as in patients with both demyelinating (CMT1A) and axonal (CMT2D, CMT2N) forms of CMT. We show that NCAM1 may reflect disease severity, demonstrated by a progressive increase in mouse models with time and a significant positive correlation with CMTES neuropathy severity in patients. The increase in NCAM1 may reflect muscle regeneration triggered by denervation, which could potentially track disease progression or the effect of treatments. We found that member proteins of the complement system were elevated in Gjb1-null and Hspb8K141N mouse models as well as in patients with both demyelinating and axonal CMT, indicating possible complement activation at the impaired nerve terminals. However, complement proteins did not correlate with the severity of neuropathy measured on the CMTES scale. Although the complement system does not seem to be a prognostic biomarker, we do show complement elevation to be a common disease feature of CMT, which may be of interest as a therapeutic target. We also identify serum GDF15 as a highly sensitive diagnostic biomarker, which was elevated in all CMT genotypes as well as in Hspb8K141N, Gjb1-null, GarsC201R and GarsP278KY mouse models. Although we cannot fully explain its origin, it may reflect increased stress response or metabolic disturbances in CMT. Further large and longitudinal patient studies should be performed to establish the value of these proteins as diagnostic and prognostic molecular biomarkers for CMT.
Genotoxic aldehydes in the hematopoietic system.

DNA damage threatens the integrity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and the production of blood. Over the last 10 years, a wealth of genetic and functional research has shown that simple reactive aldehydes such as formaldehyde are potent genotoxins to HSCs. Mammals have evolved a two-tier protection mechanism against aldehydes, consisting of aldehyde detoxification enzymes (tier one), and the Fanconi Anemia (FA) DNA repair pathway (tier two) to process any aldehyde-induced DNA damage. Loss of either tier of protection in humans results in defective hematopoiesis and predisposition to leukemia. This review will focus on the impact of aldehydes on hematopoiesis, how they cause DNA damage, the sources of endogenous aldehydes and potential novel protective pathways.
Discovery of novel inhibitors of CDK2 using docking and physics‐based binding free energy calculation

Cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) is a serine/threonine protein kinase family that cooperates with cyclin and plays an important role in the regulation of cell cycle. Cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 is an important member of the CDK family and holds great promise as an anti‐cancer drug target. In this study, we used molecular docking and physics‐based binding free energy calculation method AS‐IE that explicitly calculated protein‐ligand binding entropy to discover novel inhibitors of CDK2. A total of 17 inhibitors were discovered with the best IC50 reaching ~2 μM. Decomposition of the binding free energy using AS‐IE reveals key protein‐ligand interactions that determines the activity. These results provided a good example of drug design using physics‐based free energy calculation method such as AS‐IE and the novel compounds offered a good start point for further development of CDK2 inhibitors.
On the "switching defects" in the SiON and high-k gate dielectrics subjected to bias-temperature stressing

Since 1960s, the most commonly cited model to explain NBTI (negative-biastemperature-instability) mechanism was the Reaction-Diffusion (R-D) model which described the evolution of Si/ Si02 interface states (t.Ni1) contributing to NBTI based on a hydrogen-transport mechanism. However, there were still many debates regarding the commonly observed instantaneous threshold voltage ( V1h) shift during stress and relaxation phase. Some believed that this instantaneous Vth shift could be solely explained by the generation and passivation of Nit at the Si/ Si02 interface based on the framework of R-D model. On the other hand, there were reports which indicated that NBTI has two mechanisms involved : 1) hole-trapping (Not) and 2) interface states generation (Nit) which were used to expla in the fast and slow V111 shift observed using fast measurements. Recent reports have revealed a major intrinsic limitation of the R-D model through dynamic stress experiments. It is found that no evidence of self-limiting recovery, one of the key features of the transport-based R-D model, after repeating the stress and relaxation cycles alternately for many times. It is also observed that the jt-. Vd recovery is cyclic in nature and its amount of recovery per cycle is shown to remain constant, independent of the number of stress/ recovery cycles . This behaviour observed is inconsistent with the R-D model, which stipulated that interface states relaxation should decrease progressively with the stress/ recovery cycle. Several groups have ascribed this cyclic nature of DNBTI to the charging/ discharging of oxide traps based on Ill ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library
Gender Based on ESL Writing Mastery and Writing Perception of Non-Native English

Writing is considered an essential skill for academic purpose. This research aims: 1. to explore the difference of students’ English writing mastery based on gender, 2) to explore the difference English writing perceptions based on gender. The study deploys a mixed method through a convergent parallel design that engages both quantitative and qualitative phases consecutively. It involves 26 first-year English Education Department students at Universitas Veteran Bangun Nusantara Sukoharjo, Indonesia in the production of explanatory paragraph writing and questionnaire survey. The findings of the quantitative phase results in tcalc ≤ ttab (0.685 ≤ 2.080) on English writing mastery and tcalc≤ ttab (1.114 ≤ 2.306) on English writing perception among female and male students, indicating there is no significant difference on both variables. The finding of the qualitative phase reveals only a small gap of both variables between the two gender. The study implies an initiative in investigating the contributing socio-innate factors to the students’ English language capacity.
Control scheme for tradeoff between stability and performance in scaled telemanipulation

It is necessary for the scaled telemanipulation system to guarantee the stability and enhance the performance simultaneously.By modeling the system and introducing Llewellyn two-port network absolute stability criteria,the ideal performance of the scaled telemanipulation is defined,the control parameters restrictions of the system to realize the ideal performance is induced and the stability of the system with the ideal performance is analyzed.Based on the absolute stability criteria and the regulation of impendence of the master slave manipulator the control scheme is presented which can realize tradeoff between absolute stability and performance enhancement of the system in the passivity of the both operator and environment.Simulation results show the validity of the proposed control scheme.
A Survey of Wireless Sensor Network- Software Architecture Design Issues

Since Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) formulate the recent research into some advances to enable progression in the field of software and hardware technologies. Hence, in this research work, we study the performance and behavior of wireless sensor networks (WSN) in terms of effectiveness of system requirements on the resulting software architecture. As WSN currently faces a challenge due to rapid development in software technology and thus requires some new techniques for programming and tools. IRELESS sensor networks (WSNs) are just one of the presently/currently hot/active research topics. Both noncombatant/civilian and military oriented institutions have sidetracked/diverted a prodigious contract/deal of funding/subsidy to research on WSNs as advances in software and hardware deliver the means to make WSNs. WSN,s are masses of various small sensor nodes. Each node can send/transmit messages through the network to the information sink - or decisive controlling device. The nodes can also forward messages from other nodes, execute network organization tasks, and an assortment of other functions. The applications of WSNs vary widely. WSNs could be secondhand in industrial settings for machine control and environment monitoring. Other applications could be medical - monitoring a patient's health from a variety of
High-resolution damage imaging for composite plate structures based on virtual time reversal

According to the problems that traditional time reversal(TR) method eliminates propagation time of Lamb waves and its procedure is complicated,a virtual time reversal(VTR) method is presented.In the method,changing-element exciting and receiving mechanism is adopted to reserve time information and the TR procedure is replaced by the signal operations.The realization involving acquiring transfer functions of damage detecting path under step pulse excitation is discussed.A high-resolution damage imaging method based on VTR is developed.To reduce the anisotropic effect in composite plates,velocity correction is carried out during the imaging.The experimental results show that damage scattered wavepackets of Lamb waves in the carbon fiber composite plate can be partly recompressed and time reversal focused by VTR.Both the signal damage and dual adjacent ones in the plate are clearly displayed by the proposed imaging method.
Delaunay Mesh Construction and Simplification with Feature Preserving Based on Minimal Volume Destruction

Triangular meshes play critical roles in many applications, such as numerical simulation and additive manufacturing. However, the triangular meshes transformed from computer-aided design models using common algorithms may have many undesirable narrow triangles, which tends to affect the downstream applications. In this paper, we proposed two algorithms for Delaunay mesh construction and simplification to improve the quality of the triangular meshes. Two improved mesh operations of inserting vertices and collapsing vertices based on the principle of minimum volume destruction were designed. The improved vertex inserting operation is able to modify the local mesh so that it will conform to the local Delaunay property. The improved vertex collapsing operation can realize the simplification of the original mesh while maintaining the local Delaunay property. The results of visualized rendering and thermal diffusion simulations verified the improvement of the proposed algorithms in the aspects of the quantity and quality of the meshes.
FL-PMI: Federated Learning-Based Person Movement Identification through Wearable Devices in Smart Healthcare Systems

Recent technological developments, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence, edge, and cloud computing, have paved the way in transforming traditional healthcare systems into smart healthcare (SHC) systems. SHC escalates healthcare management with increased efficiency, convenience, and personalization, via use of wearable devices and connectivity, to access information with rapid responses. Wearable devices are equipped with multiple sensors to identify a person’s movements. The unlabeled data acquired from these sensors are directly trained in the cloud servers, which require vast memory and high computational costs. To overcome this limitation in SHC, we propose a federated learning-based person movement identification (FL-PMI). The deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework is leveraged in FL-PMI for auto-labeling the unlabeled data. The data are then trained using federated learning (FL), in which the edge servers allow the parameters alone to pass on the cloud, rather than passing vast amounts of sensor data. Finally, the bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) in FL-PMI classifies the data for various processes associated with the SHC. The simulation results proved the efficiency of FL-PMI, with 99.67% accuracy scores, minimized memory usage and computational costs, and reduced transmission data by 36.73%.