Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IMECE 2002-32437 MINIATURIZED THERMOELECTRIC COOLER

Vapor-deposited bismuth telluride (n-type) and antimony telluride (p-type) films are used in a micro, column-type, patterned thermoelectric cooler. The optimum number of thermoelectric pairs and operating current are predicted. Such devices contain a number of metal/thermoelectric and metal/elecrical-insulator interfaces. In the analysis, various interfacial resistances (phonon and electron boundary resistances and thermal and electrical contact resistances) have been included. The boundary resistances cause a reduction in the thermal conductivity (desirable) and a reduction in the Seebeck coefficient (undesirable) of the thermoelectric elements. The contact resistances reduce the overall device performance. In the fabrication, the stoichiometry of the deposited thermoelectric films, the patterned film deposition, and the selection of the conducting connectors, are discussed. The thermoelectric films are about 4 μm thick and are deposited on patterned platinum (first trial layer for connectors), which are in turn deposited on oxide coated silicon wafers. The top, suspended connectors that close the electrical circuit are bonded to the surface to be cooled. The non-uniformity of the composition in the thermoelectric films influences the measured Seebeck coefficients. The analysis shows that a coefficient of performance of 0.38 is obtainable for a wireless micro sensor application. ∗Address all correspondence to this author. NOMENCLATURE a unit cell dimension (Å), side length (m) Ak surface area for conduction (m) B emission constant (A/cm-K) c unit cell dimension (Å) COP coefficient of performance d side width (m), barrier thickness (m) D diffusivity (m/s) ec electronic charge 1.60210 × 10−19 (C) Eo potential barrier height (J) f frequency (Hz) hP Planck constant 6.626 × 10−34 (J-s) Je electrical current (A) k thermal conductivity (W/m-K) kB Boltzmann constant 1.381 × 10−23 (J/K) L thickness (m) Lte Lte/2δ m mass (kg) n number density of primitive cells (m−3) N number of pairs P density of states (s/rad-m), tunneling probability Pe electrical power (W) q heat flux (W/m) Q heat flow rate (W) Re electrical resistance (Ω) Rk conduction resistance (K/W) R∗ ratio of conduction resistances Ṡe energy conversion rate (W) T temperature (K) u velocity (m/s) 1 Copyright  2002 by ASME
An inherently linear and compact MOST-only current division technique

A technique is presented that uses the same MOS transistors for both division and switching functions, eliminating resistors or capacitors. Although an MOS-transistor exhibits a nonlinear relation between the current and voltage (even in the linear region), it is shown that the current division is inherently linear. The most important measurement results are shown. The dynamic range in the audio-band (0-20 kHz) is 103 dB with respect to a maximum input signal of 1 V/sub rms/. At 1 V/sub rms/, THD is below -80 dB over the audio band and below -85 dB under 3 kHz. As the unity-gain frequency of the opamps is 4.5 MHz, the bandwidth of the circuit is limited to 1.5 MHz. Attenuation accuracy is better than 0.15 dB up to -48 dB and better than 0.4 dB over the entire attenuation range. >
Unemployment Dynamics and Cyclical Fluctuations in the Icelandic Labour Market

This paper studies business cycle dynamics in the Icelandic labour market with the focus on two separate but related dimensions. First, which margin for adjustment of labour input, the extensive margin or the intensive margin, accounts for more variation in total working hours? It finds that both margins are important. Variation in employment accounts for 56% of the overall variation in total hours while variation in hours per worker contributes 44% to variation in total hours. Second, which of the two unemployment transition rates, the separation rate or the job-finding rate, drives the observed fluctuations in unemployment, and how do these transition rates move over the business cycle? The results show that fluctuations in the separation rate explain 70% of the total variation in the unemployment rate. Both transition rates are highly cyclical. The procyclical job finding rate moves roughly contemporaneously with the cycle, while the countercyclical separation rate is found to lead the cycle.
Evaluating the quality of in-hospital stroke care, using an opportunity-based composite measure: a multilevel approach

License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress. com/permissions.php Clinical Audit 2014:6 11–20 Clinical Audit Dovepress
Development of a mechatronical platform for AUTOSAR - The ball-balancing robot

The goal of this project was to develop and construct a mechatronical platform that uses the software architecture AUTOSAR and allows the user to use generated software components created in a model based development tool. The platform itself has been developed in the form of a robot that balances on a ball. An extensive model of the robot and a Linear-Quadratic-Regulator have been developed in order to control it. The system has been simulated in Simulink and the controller has been code generated and incorporated in the AUTOSAR environment. The robot has been built from scratch as well. Setting up and configuring AUTOSAR on the platform proved to be quite a challenge. Since AUTOSAR is very uncommon outside of the automotive industry the documentation about how to implement it is very limited. Once the platfrom was properly configured, the control algorithms from Simulink were integrated and run on the ECU. The concept works perfectly. However, due to lack of precision and some poor choices of hardware components, the robot is not able to apply the small torques required close to the equilibrium point. This makes it at the moment not possible for the robot to balance for more than a few seconds.
Attention Features Memory Input Input Encode Rescale 2 ) Attention 1 ) Full Model Output Encode Rescale

Categorization is a skill which is used extensively in everyday life and as therefore an important aspect of human cognition. Consequently a variety of studies exist which address the topic and revealed that diverse factors affect human categorization performance. A critical but not extensively studied factor is time. Imagine watching a basketball game for 30 minutes. In this period of time plenty of actions will take place resulting in diverse impressions which make you afterwards categorize the game as interesting or boring. Such a categorization task is very similar to a time series classification task in the context of machine learning. In the field of machine learning a phenomen called “vanishing gradient” is known which makes it generally hard to solve such a categorization task. A prominent method that overcomes this phenomen is the long short term memory which basicly consists of a memory that is controlled by two gate units which can be interpreted as adaptive encoding and recall units. Critical points which make the processing of the structure differ from human processing concern the encoding and the storage: (1) The structure is built to massively store information instead of carefully selecting few impressions for storage in memory. (2) Reweighting of stored information due to changing constellations is not possible. Coming back to the example this would mean that a nice action at the beginning of the game has a strong impact on your categorization independent of what kind of actions might they be impressive or not followed afterwards. In this work we tackle these points through introducing an attention mechanism which drives the encoding and the storage of the structure. We analyse the model behavior in category learning tasks.
Adapting an MDP planner to time-dependency: case study on a UAV coordination problem

In order to allow the temporal coordination of two independent communicating agents, one needs to be able to plan in a time-dependent environment. This paper deals with the modeling and solving of such problems through the use of Time-dependent Markov Decision Processes (TiMDPs). We provide an analysis of the TiMDP model and exploit its properties to introduce an improved asynchronous value iteration method. Our approach is evaluated on a UAV temporal coordination problem and on the well-known Mars rover domain.
Intergenerational Complementarities in Education, Endogenous Public Policy, and the Relation Between Growth and Volatility

We construct an overlapping generations model in which parents vote on the tax rate that determines publicly provided education and offspring choose their effort in learning activities. The technology governing the accumulation of human capital allows these decisions to be strategic complements. In the presence of coordination failure, indeterminacy and, possibly, growth volatility emerge. This indeterminacy can be eliminated by an institutional mechanism that commits to a minimum level of public education provision. Given that, in the latter case, the economy moves along a uniquely determined balanced growth path, we argue that such structural differences can account for the negative correlation between volatility and growth.
Does Financial and Trade liberalization Drive Private Investment in Pakistan

There is evidence in economic growth literature that private investment enhances economic growth of developing countries. Recent economic growth policies in Pakistan has concentrated more on encouraging private sector investment through the liberalization of the financial and trade sectors. However, previous studies have ignored the impact of trade and financial liberalization on private investment. This study investigates the short- and long-run impact of financial and trade liberalization on private investment in Pakistan. Using the data from 1971–2014 on the ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration, our result suggests that: First, per capita real private income, public investment, and financial liberalization are positively related to private investment in the long run; Second, real interest rate and trade openness are negatively related to private investment in the long run; and finally, the short-run results indicate that capital account liberalization and financial openness are positively associated with private savings.
NUCLEI IN PARKINSON ’ S DISEASE : A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF IRON-RELATED MRI SUSCEPTIBILITY Running Title : Motor associations of iron accumulation in PD

Antonio Martin-Bastida MD MSc, Nicholas P Lao-Kaim MSc*, Clare Loane PhD *, Marios Politis MD MSc DIC PhD, Andreas A Roussakis MD, Natalie Valle-Guzman MSc, Zinovia Kefalopoulou MD PhD, Gesine PaulVisse MD PhD, Håkan Widner MD PhD, Yue Xing PhD, Stefan T Schwarz MD MSc FRCR MRCP, Dorothee P Auer MD PhD FRCP, Thomas Foltynie BSc MBBS MRCP PhD, Roger A Barker BA MBBS MRCP PhD, Paola Piccini MD PhD FRCP
EVOLUTION AND NUCLEOSYNTHESIS OF ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH STELLAR MODELS OF LOW METALLICITY

We present stellar evolutionary tracks and nucleosynthetic predictions for a grid of stellar models of low- and intermediate-mass asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars at Z = 0.001 ([Fe/H] =−1.2). The models cover an initial mass range from 1 M☉ to 7 M☉. Final surface abundances and stellar yields are calculated for all elements from hydrogen to bismuth as well as isotopes up to the iron group. We present the first study of neutron-capture nucleosynthesis in intermediate-mass AGB models, including a super-AGB model, of [Fe/H] = −1.2. We examine in detail a low-mass AGB model of 2 M☉ where the 13C(α,n)16O reaction is the main source of neutrons. We also examine an intermediate-mass AGB model of 5 M☉ where intershell temperatures are high enough to activate the 22Ne neutron source, which produces high neutron densities up to ∼1014 n cm−3. Hot bottom burning is activated in models with M ⩾ 3 M☉. With the 3 M☉ model, we investigate the effect of varying the extent in mass of the region where protons are mixed from the envelope into the intershell at the deepest extent of each third dredge-up. We compare the results of the low-mass models to three post-AGB stars with a metallicity of [Fe/H] ≃ − 1.2. The composition is a good match to the predicted neutron-capture abundances except for Pb and we confirm that the observed Pb abundances are lower than what is calculated by AGB models.
Effects of ethnic changes on house prices: Sydney cases

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the factors that contribute to the changes of house prices including ethnic factors. Australia is a multicultural country with diversified ethnicities. The median price of established houses (unstratified) in Sydney has reached a new record high of $910,000 in December 2015, increasing around 58.2 per cent from March 2011 [Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), 2015a]. However, the prices of some suburbs have increased more than prices of others. Design/methodology/approach Six suburbs that represent ethnic majority originally including White, India and China will be selected as pilot studies. Hedonic regression analysis will be applied for the analysis based on 2001, 2006 and 2011 census data. Findings It is found that the main drivers of house prices are the dwelling physical characteristics and accessibility to convenient transportation. The level of household income also plays an important role. However, the impact of changes of ethnic on changes of prices is not significant. Research limitations/implications The study adds to the growing literature on the ethnicity changes on dwelling prices and is important for understanding whether some of the clusters of ethnic concentration or segregation effects property markets. This study is significant in its understanding of the main characteristics of ethnic changes of suburbs in Sydney. Practical implications An implication is that policy makers can attract different ethnic groups and encourage multicultural communities when they formulate housing and planning policies. Originality/value The relationship between ethnicity and house price appreciation is not extensively studied in Australia. This research contributes to the literature on the effects of ethnic changes on house prices and implications of policy formulation to encourage multicultural communities.
A non-local mixing-length theory able to compute core overshooting

Turbulent convection is certainly one of the most important and thorny issues in stellar physics. Our deficient knowledge of this crucial physical process introduces a fairly large uncertainty concerning the internal structure and evolution of stars. A striking example is overshoot at the edge of convective cores. Indeed, nearly all stellar evolutionary codes treat the overshooting zones in a very approximative way that considers both its extent and the profile of the temperature gradient as free parameters. There are only a few sophisticated theories of stellar convection such as Reynolds stress approaches, but they also require the adjustment of a non-negligible number of free parameters. We present here a theory, based on the plume theory as well as on the mean-field equations, but without relying on the usual Taylor's closure hypothesis. It leads us to a set of eight differential equations plus a few algebraic ones. Our theory is essentially a non-mixing length theory. It enables us to compute the temperature gradient in a shrinking convective core and its overshooting zone. The case of an expanding convective core is also discussed, though more briefly. Numerical simulations have quickly improved during recent years and enabling us to foresee that they will probably soon provide a model of convection adapted to the computation of 1D stellar models.
A Preliminary Economic Assessment of Roundup Ready Soybeans in Mississippi

The advent of genetically altered seed has had a revolutionary effect on the cotton, soybean, and corn seed industries. The basic premise for the use of these seed are to reduce costs through lower applications of chemicals and savings on trips through the field, thus, lowering production costs. Seed companies, however, charge a premium and a fee for use of the seed. This paper compares the costs associated with conventional and roundup ready soybeans. Data were collected from the ACost of Production@ survey of Mississippi producers that is administered by Mississippi State University through the National Agricultural Statistics Service. The survey is a random sample of producers fields that allows for a derivation of the cost of production for each field. The study suggests that while costs reductions can be achieved, the cost savings are offset by the technology fees. The study is based on limited data and points to the need for continued research on the long-run profitability of genetically altered seed to the soybean producers of Mississippi.
Specific status of six Globodera parasites of solanaceous plants studied by means of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with a comparison of gel patterns by a computed system.

Summary - Two-dimensionnal gel electrophoresis is applied ta me study of me specifie status of six Globodera parasites of solanaceous plants. A modified O'Farrell's technique, mainly according to Hochstrasser el al. (1988a, b), is used wim mini protean II apparatus (Bio-Rad). The gels (84 x 58 x 0.75 mm) are stained wim an ammoniacal suver solution (Oakley el al., 1980). The digitized gels are matched wim me Kepler's software on a VAX station. After a digital ftltering, about 150 spots of main polypeptides are taken inra account in me specifie comparison which is made autamatically. Genetic distances (D) are calculated and me clusters are bui.lt wim me UPMGA memod. The shared SPOtS of each specifie combination are given. The biochemical results are discussed wim regard ra morphological and biological features and wim regard ra hybridizations obtained by Mugniery (1979) and Mugniery el al. (1992). Results confirmed mat G. rosLOchiensis is far from G. pallida and pointed out me closeness of G. pallida and G. « mexi­ cana ", mough differences in me host range are quite large. The group G. virginiae, G. soLanacearum and G. r.abacum is considered as only one species, and called G. labacum sensu laLO from which pamorypes would be defined. The great interest of a digitized analysis and of me constitution of a database is pointed our. Further biological and biochemical studies on G. « mexicana " are needed ta clarify me status of mis entity.
Nonlinear Absorptions of CdSeTe Quantum Dots under Ultrafast Laser Radiation

The oil-soluble alloyed CdSeTe quantum dots QDs are prepared by the electrostatic method. The basic properties of synthesized CdSeTe QDs are characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and transmission electron microscope. The off-resonant nonlinear optical properties of CdSeTe QDs are studied by femtosecond Z-scan at 1 kHz low-repetition rate and 84 MHz high-repetition rate. Nonlinear absorption coefficients are calculated under different femtosecond laser excitations. Due to the long luminescent lifetime of CdSeTe QDs, under the conditions of high-repetition rate, for open-aperture curve, heat accumulation and bleaching of ground state are responsible for the decrease of two-photon absorption TPA coefficient.
Boosting for High Load

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) holds great promises for good fuel economy and low emissions of NOX and soot. The concept of HCCI is premixed combustion of a highly diluted mixture. The dilution limits the combustion temperature and thus prevents extensive NOX production. Load is controlled by altering the quality of the charge, rather than the quantity. No throttling together with a high compression ratio to facilitate auto ignition and lean mixtures results in good brake thermal efficiency. However, HCCI also presents challenges like how to control the combustion and how to achieve an acceptable load range. This work is focused on solutions to the latter problem. The high dilution required to avoid NOX production limits the mass of fuel relative to the mass of air or EGR. For a given size of the engine the only way to recover the loss of power due to dilution is to force more mass through the engine. This paper shows that this can be done by the use of turbo charging or a mechanically driven compressor. The cost of forcing more air through the engine and the higher peak pressure requirements are discussed and quantified by simple engine modeling supported by experimental data.
System structure and cognitive ability as predictors of performance in dynamic system control tasks

In dynamic system control, cognitive mechanisms and abilities underlying performance may vary depending on the nature of the task. We therefore investigated the effects of system structure and its interaction with cognitive abilities on system control performance. A sample of 127 university students completed a series of different system control tasks that were manipulated in terms of system size and recurrent feedback, either with or without a cognitive load manipulation. Cognitive abilities assessed included reasoning ability, working memory capacity, and cognitive reflection. System size and recurrent feedback affected overall performance as expected. Overall, the results support that cognitive ability is a good predictor of performance in dynamic system control tasks but predictiveness is reduced when the system structure contains recurrent feedback. We discuss this finding from a cognitive processing perspective as well as its implications for individual differences research in dynamic systems.
Event-based control of input-output linearizable systems

Abstract This paper proposes a new event-based control method for nonlinear systems that are input-output linearizable. The control input generator uses a copy of a continuous reference system to generate an exponential control input that keeps the state of the disturbed plant in a bounded surrounding of the setpoint. An upper bound for the deviation of the event-based control loop to the reference system is derived, which depends on the event threshold of the event generator. Hence, by appropriately choosing the event threshold, the event-based control can be made to mimic the continuous control with arbitrary accuracy. The proposed event-based control method is applied to a cooling process.
Adaptation and Factorial Validation of the Attitudes Toward Gender Roles Scale

As atitudes relativas aos papeis de genero resultam de um processo de construcao social com implicacoes no modo como se definem os papeis sociais considerados adequados para homens e mulheres. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a adaptacao e a validacao fatorial de uma escala que avalia as atitudes em relacao aos papeis de genero. No estudo participaram 746 estudantes universitarios e jovens profissionais. Para validar a estrutura fatorial varios modelos foram testados recorrendo a analises fatoriais exploratorias e confirmatorias. A estrutura fatorial obtida e composta por dois fatores correlacionados: o primeiro refere-se a divisao tradicional dos papeis de genero e o segundo aponta para uma divisao igualitaria dos papeis de genero. Um estudo preliminar com o instrumento foi efetuado junto de 101 triades familiares (pai, mae e jovem adulto com diploma universitario), permitindo evidenciar a importância do instrumento para a avaliacao dos papeis de genero em diferentes geracoes.