Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Need for Routine COVID-19 Testing of Emergency Department Staff: Quantitative Analysis

Background As the number of COVID-19 cases in the US continues to increase and hospitals experience shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE), health care workers have been disproportionately affected. However, since COVID-19 testing is now easily available, there is a need to evaluate whether routine testing should be performed for asymptomatic health care workers. Objective This study aimed to provide a quantitative analysis of the predicted impact that regular testing of health care workers for COVID-19 may have on the prevention of the disease among emergency department patients and staff. Methods Using publicly available data on COVID-19 cases and emergency department visits, as well as internal hospital staffing information, we developed a mathematical model to predict the impact of periodic COVID-19 testing of asymptomatic staff members of the emergency department in COVID-19–affected regions. We calculated various transmission constants based on the Diamond Princess cruise ship data, used a logistic model to calculate new infections, and developed a Markov model based on the average incubation period for COVID-19. Results Our model predicts that after 180 days, with a transmission constant of 1.219e-4 new infections/person2, weekly COVID-19 testing of health care workers would reduce new health care worker and patient infections by approximately 3%-5.9%, and biweekly testing would reduce infections in both by 1%-2.1%. At a transmission constant of 3.660e-4 new infections/person2, weekly testing would reduce infections by 11%-23% and biweekly testing would reduce infections by 5.5%-13%. At a lower transmission constant of 4.067e-5 new infections/person2, weekly and biweekly COVID-19 testing for health care workers would result in an approximately 1% and 0.5%-0.8% reduction in infections, respectively. Conclusions Periodic COVID-19 testing for emergency department staff in regions that are heavily affected by COVID-19 or are facing resource constraints may significantly reduce COVID-19 transmission among health care workers and previously uninfected patients.
Tree tensor network state study of the ionic-neutral curve crossing of LiF

We present a tree-tensor-network-state (TTNS) method study of the ionic-neutral curve crossing of LiF. For this ansatz, the long-range correlation deviates from the mean-field value polynomially with distance, thus for quantum chemical applications the computational cost could be significantly smaller than that of previous attempts using the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method. Optimization of the tensor network topology and localization of the avoided crossing are discussed in terms of entanglement.
Glucose-6-phosphatase activity in selected rabbit tissues of normal and alloxan induced diabetic rabbit.

The effect of diabetes on glucose -6phosphatase activity in selected tissues of rabbit was investigated. Rabbits were made diabetic by the administration of Alloxan (300mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally. Fasting blood glucose level greater than 300mg/dl which persisted when untreated indicate Diabetes mellitus. Diabetic rabbits were treated with 100mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract from unripe pulp of Carica papaya. Result from normal and diabetic animals were compared with control administered distilled water only. In tissues of normal rabbit studied, liver, small intestine and stomach had a relative higher enzyme activity compared to the kidney. This is due to the fact that these organs especially liver and small intestine are highly involved in active transport processes and also useful for other purposes like regenerating glucose and ATP levels. Glucose-6-phosphatase activity increased significantly in the liver of diabetic animals. This shows that liver from diabetic rabbits exhibit increased glucose synthesis than normal animals which implies that Alloxan diabetes contributed to the elevation of this enzyme.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry

The application of inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) to the analysis of soil and biological materials was reviewed in 1982 for this book series (Soltanpour et aI., 1982). Over the last 14 yr many studies in soil science have incorporated data obtained on ICP-AES instrumentation, and many advances in the ICP-AES field have been made. In addition, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has become commercially available. The purpose of this chapter is to review basic ICP principles; highlight some of the applications of ICP-AES in the study of soils; and present an overview of some of the instrumental features, capabilities, and limitations of the ICP-MS for application to soil science work. Relatively new developments in ICP-AES include: suspension nebulization analysis of clays (Laird et aI., 1991); interfacing ICP spectrometers with flow injection analyzers for automatic dilution, calibration, separation, concentration, standard additions and many other operations (Greenfield, 1983; LaFemiere et aI., 1985); interfacing ICP-AES with liquid chromatographs for concentration and speciation of elements (Roychowdhury & Koropchack, 1990); high salt neulizers to prevent clogging of nebulizers (Legere & Burgener, 1985); successful use of concentration and elimination or reduction of spectral interference techniques such as chelation/solvent extraction (Huang & Wai, 1986;
Incorporating peer review techniques to enhance students’ communication skills and team performance in engineering capstone projects

This paper will describe the educational experiences gained by the authors by adding peer review activities to the Capstone Designcourses in the Electrical Engineering (EE) program at Georgia Southern University. In particular, the authors have incorporatedthree peer-focused activities in each of the two EE program capstone design courses (Senior Project I and II), where a peer reviewassessment is used as a communication enhancement tool. The peer review activities and their corresponding assessment tools havebeen designed with the main objective to help student to enhance their written and oral communication skills, as well as theirleadership and teamwork skills. The activities in which peer review has been added are writing assignments, oral presentations, andteam member performance evaluations. Also, to help in the peer review process the instructors introduced the help of a StudentWriting Fellow (SWF); this is a student with outstanding written and oral communication skills who was trained to perform thepeer review process. The role of the SWF was to provide support to the instructors, to ensure that students gain some benefitsfrom the peer review process without increasing the workload on the faculty teaching the course, and to provide an individual withwhom students feel more comfortable interacting. This paper describes the process and the rubrics used to perform the peer reviewassessment in the different activities. Results from surveys showed an increase in student awareness about the importance ofseeking feedback from others when working on important written documents. Results of the peer evaluation of oral presentationsprovided the most benefits because by the end of the semester, students showed improvement in their presentation skills: they weremore confident, came better prepared, interacted more with the audience, and kept track of the time. This improvement wasreflected in the rubric scores trends during the two semesters. Results on the assessment of team members’ effectiveness helped theinstructors to identify in a timely manner conflicting issues in some of the teams. The overall experience of the instructors addingthe peer review was very positive and of benefit to the students
ASSESSMENT OF DIETARY ENZYME SUPPLEMENTATION ON ILEAL AND TOTAL TRACT DIGESTIBILITIES IN GESTATING AND LACTATING SWINE

OF DISSERTATION Ana Lucia Pozzobon de Souza The Graduate School University of Kentucky 2003 ASSESSMENT OF DIETARY ENZYME SUPPLEMENTATION ON ILEAL AND TOTAL TRACT DIGESTIBILITIES IN GESTATING AND LACTATING SWINE ________________________________ ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION ________________________________OF DISSERTATION ________________________________ A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Agriculture at the University of Kentucky By Ana Lucia Pozzobon de Souza Lexington, Kentucky Director: Dr. Merlin D. Lindemann, Professor of Animal Sciences Lexington, Kentucky 2003 ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATIONOF DISSERTATION ASSESSMENT OF DIETARY ENZYME SUPPLEMENTATION ON ILEAL AND TOTAL TRACT DIGESTIBILITIES IN GESTATING AND LACTATING SWINE The objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the effects of exogenous enzyme supplementation to gestation-lactation diets on the digestibility of nutrients in mature swine females and the associated implications on energy metabolism during gestation and lactation physiologic states. Three experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of commercially available enzyme products or pure enzymes on the digestibility of nutrients. Crossover designs in two periods during gestation (early and late gestation) and lactation were studied to obtain an increased number of observations from the surgically cannulated sows. Experiment 1 evaluated the effects of two enzyme products supplemented to a practical corn soybean meal diet fed to second parity crossbred sows. One of the enzyme products contained both protease and cellulase activities, and the other xylanase activity, both products were produced by microbial fermentation. No effects (P > 0.10) were observed during either periods during gestation. During lactation, effects of both enzyme products were observed for digestibility of nutrients. Protease/cellulase supplementation increased ileal digestibility of gross energy (P 0.10) were observed during lactation period for any of the response variable tested. However, tendencies (P < 0.15) of higher DM and GE total tract digestibilities were observed in lactation for the supplemented diet. According to the results observed in the three experiments, the supplementation of exogenous enzymes to gestation and lactation diets has the potential to increase the ileal digestibilities of dry matter, nitrogen, and gross energy, especially during the lactation period.
Enhancement of granulation and start-up in the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor

The phenomenon of granulation was studied in anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (ASBRs) treating a synthetic sucrose wastewater. The objective was to study methods of minimizing the time typically required for start-up of anaerobic processes, such as the ASBR. Specifically, it was hypothesized that development of a granular biomass soon after initial start-up of the ASBR would significantly decrease the overall time required to achieve given organic and hydraulic loading rates. Laboratory-scale ASBRs were seeded with anaerobically digested municipal biosolids and operated until granulation was observed or for a period of 5 months without granule development, whichever occurred first. Granule development was measured by determination of the average particle diameter of a representative sample of biosolids from the ASBRs. Granulation enhancements were added to the ASBRs to initiate early granule development and to aid in start-up. Enhancements included powdered activated carbon, granular activated carbon,silica sand, garnet, polymers, and ferric chloride. The cationic polymer had the most beneficial effects on granulation enhancement, reducing the time required to form granules by approximately 75% compared to an unenhanced control ASBR. Water Environ. Res., 68, 883 (1996).
Electron-beam induced initial growth of platinum films using Pt(PF3)4

Using an organometallic precursor, tetrakis(trifluorophosphine)platinum [Pt(PF3)4], electron-beam induced deposition of Pt thin films on a Cr-coated Si(100) substrate was investigated. Based on Auger electron spectroscopy, the Pt content reached 60 at. % for a 3 kV e-beam flux of 2.1×10−2 A cm−2, a precursor pressure of 2×10−5 Torr, and a substrate temperature of 80 °C. As the flux ratio (e-beam/precursor) increased above the optimized value of 10, the rate shifted from control by the e-beam flux to the precursor flux. The phosphorus content was reduced by adding O2.
Comparative dynamics of Cl(2P) and O(3P) interactions with a hydrocarbon surface

The dynamics of the interactions of atomic chlorine with the surface of a saturated hydrocarbon liquid, squalane, were investigated and compared to the results of an earlier study on analogous oxygen-atom interactions. Beams of continuous supersonic chlorine atoms were directed onto a squalane surface, and the volatile products, Cl and HCl, were observed by mass spectrometry as a function of incident angle, final angle, and incident Cl-atom energy. Both the Cl and HCl time-of-flight (from the surface to the detector) distributions revealed thermal and hyperthermal interaction channels, in analogy to the dynamical behavior of the O and OH signals observed in the previous study. The thermal HCl product may arise from two mechanisms: (i) desorption of trapped HCl product and (ii) reaction of trapped Cl atoms to form thermal HCl, which subsequently desorbs. In contrast, the reaction of O atoms with squalane led to a thermal OH signal, which could only come from desorption of trapped OH. The hyperthermal HCl s.
Determination of the Residence Time Distribution of Solid Particles by a Photometric Method

An experimental technique has been developed to measure both the residence time distribution (RTD) and the mass rate of solid particles for a down flow of solid-gas mixture in a vertical reactor. This technique is based on the emission by a light source and the reception by a photoelectric cell of a light beam crossing the bottom part of the reactor through which flows a given amount of solid particles, initially introduced as an impulse at the top of the reactor. Effects of the gas flow rate and the particles diameter have been studied. It has been shown that an increase of the gas flow rate or the particle diameter leads to a decrease of both the peak emerging time tp and the width of the peak (tp – t1). Moreover, this technique has proven to be appropriate for the measure of the particle mass rate.
Alignment of lamellar block copolymer microstructure in an electric field. 1. Alignment kinetics

The kinetics of alignment of block copolymer microstructure in an electric field has been studied. The rate of alignment obeys a simple time-temperature-field superposition law when thermal history is well-controlled. Thermal history also strongly affects the alignment rate. It is proposed that observed trends can be understood in terms of mechanisms of defect movement and pinning
Electronic structure and thermodynamic properties of Cu3V2O8 compound

The electronic structure and thermodynamic properties of Cu3V2O8 compound for three structures (P-1, P21/c and Cmca) are reported. The calculations are performed by using full-potential local orbital minimum basis method. The total electronic densities of states for all structures have the similar shape but the details are different. The thermodynamic properties (the bulk modulus B, Gibbs free energy, Debye temperature ΘD) are calculated in quasiharmonic Debye–Grüneisen model using the equation of states in the form of Murnaghan, Birch–Murnaghan, Poirier–Tarantola and Vinet. Our ab initio results indicate that α(P-1) phase is stable below 839 K, β(P21/c) and γ(Cmca) phases can exist in the region of 839 K < T < 875 K, however above T = 875 K only γ(Cmca) phase is observed.
Introduction to Vibrational Spectroscopy in Food Science

A growing recognition of the tremendous potential of vibrational spectroscopic techniques by food scientists over the past few decades has fuelled an exponential growth in the scientific literature describing research that involves the use of near-infrared, mid-infrared and/or Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of food systems. This chapter highlights some of the myriad applications of vibrational spectroscopy conducted to meet a diverse range of analytical needs in food science. For example, vibrational spectroscopic techniques, in conjunction with various chemometric tools, are being applied for the determination of food or beverage composition, authentication, or adulteration, the assessment and prediction of quality and process-induced changes, and the detection of chemical or microbiological contaminants related to food safety. Applications in basic research have contributed to a better understanding of the chemical, functional, sensory, and textural properties of food. With ongoing advances in the technology and an increasing level of sophistication and expertise of users familiar with the potential advantages and challenges of these techniques, the future is promising for emergent innovative applications of vibrational spectroscopy in the areas of quality assurance, process control, and food safety management, and for fundamental research in food science. Keywords: near-infrared; mid-infrared; Raman; food composition; food quality; food safety; process-induced changes; food authenticity; food adulteration; fundamental research
University of Groningen Childhood trauma and dysregulation of multiple biological stress systems in adulthood Kuzminskaite,

Background: Childhood trauma (CT) is a risk factor for depressive and anxiety disorders. Although dysregulated biological stress systems may underlie the enduring effect of CT, the relation between CT and separate and cumulative activity of the major stress systems, namely, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis, the immune-inflammatory system, and the autonomic nervous system (ANS), remains inconclusive. Methods: In the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA, n = 2778), we determined whether selfreported CT (as assessed by the Childhood Trauma Interview) was associated with separate and cumulative markers of the HPA-axis (cortisol awakening response, evening cortisol, dexamethasone suppression test cortisol), the immune-inflammatory system (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α), and the ANS (heart rate, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, pre-ejection period) in adulthood. Results: Almost all individuals with CT (n = 1330) had either current or remitted depressive and/or anxiety disorder (88.6%). Total-sample analyses showed little evidence for CT being significantly associated with the separate or cumulative stress systems’ activity in adulthood. These findings were true for individuals with and without depressive and/or anxiety disorders. To maximize contrast, individuals with severe CT were compared to healthy controls without CT. This yielded slight, but significantly higher levels of cortisol awakening response (AUCg, β = .088, p = .007; AUCi, β = .084, p = .010), cumulative HPA-axis markers (β = .115, p = .001), Creactive protein (β = .055, p = .032), interleukin-6 (β = .053, p = .038), cumulative inflammation (β = .060, p = .020), and cumulative markers across all systems (β = .125, p = .0003) for those with severe CT, partially explained by higher rates of smoking, body mass index, and chronic diseases. Conclusion: While our findings do not provide conclusive evidence on CT directly dysregulating stress systems, individuals with severe CT showed slight indications of dysregulations, partially explained by an unhealthy lifestyle and poorer health.
S UPPRESSED SELF-DISCHARGE OF AN AQUEOUS SUPERCAPACITOR USING E ARTH-ABUNDANT MATERIALS

Supercapacitors (aka electrostatic double-layer capacitors — EDLCs) offer excellent power storage capacity and kinetics, but suffer under rapid self-discharge. We introduced a zeolite framework into the active capacitor electrode, with the goal to tailor the free desorption energy and thus the self-discharge rate of supercapacitors. Low-cost carbonaceous materials and benchtop production methods were used to create supercapacitor electrodes with a measured specific capacitance of 17.25 F g−1, a coulombic efficiency of 100%, and charge retention of over 25% over 24 hours determined by galvanostatic charge/discharge curve measurements. This charge retention was an enhancement of ∼350% compared with electrodes without zeolite coating.
The Isotopic Effects of Deuterium on Biological Objects

This article describes the data on isotopic effects of deuterium in various biological objects as the cells of methylotrophic, chemoheterotrophic, photoorganotrophic microorganisms, green algae as well as animal cells. It was demonstrated that the increased content of deuterium in water leads to physiological, morphological and cytology alterations of the cell, and also renders negative influence on cellular metabolism, while deuterium depleted water (DDW) with decreased deuterium content on 20–30 % exerts beneficial effects on organism. The maximum kinetic isotopic effect measured at ordinary temperatures in chemical reactions leading to rupture of bonds involving hydrogen and deuterium lies in the range k H /k D = 6–8 for C – H versus C – D , N – D versus N – D , and O – H versus O – D - bonds . By IR-spectroscopy method water samples with varying content of deuterium were investigated. Key words: deuterium, heavy water, deuterium depleted water, isotopic effects, biological systems, IR-spectroscopy.
Evaluation of Tomato Processing By‐Products: A Comparative Study in a Pilot Scale Setup

This study aims at providing a comparative evaluation of tomato processing by-products, i.e., seeds and peel. A pilot scale process has been demonstrated for extraction and drying (both freeze and cabinet drying) of tomato seeds and peel. Various aspects of dried tomato seeds such as its protein content, amino acid profile, calculated protein efficiency ratio (PER), presence of antinutritional factors, polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities were evaluated. In this study, the total polyphenol content in the hydrophilic extract as well as antioxidant activities of tomato peel were found to be 66.5 and 38.2% higher, respectively, than that of the tomato seed meal showing importance of the former from a functional point of view. Tomato seed protein isolate (92%) prepared from tomato seed meal had a calculated PER of 2.66. The protein isolate contained all essential amino acids (including lysine), meeting the minimum requirements of reference protein for preschool children aged 1–2 years (WHO/FAO/UNU). The tomato seed protein isolate showed negligible levels of phytate (3.48 �g/g) and trypsin inhibitory activity (2.655 TIU/mg). This study clearly highlights that tomato seed, a by-product of tomato processing industry, is a rich source of high-quality plant protein together with intrinsic polyphenols and antioxidant activities, although the functional properties being less dominant than the peel counterpart. Therefore, tomato seed meal with unique protein quality could be regarded as a potential source of protein-rich adjunct in various food formulations. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS With the increased industrial demand of protein sources, there has been an upsurge of research efforts in recent years to extract dietary proteins from plantbased sources. By-products of oilseeds, fruits and vegetable-processing industries can be sustainable low-cost protein alternatives, which are available at no additional cost and can find commercial valorization in food formulations. As an example, this study identified a pilot plant setup to produce tomato seed protein isolate and investigated protein quality, antinutritional factors as well as compared the polyphenol content and antioxidant activities in the context of its counterpart by-product tomato peel. This knowledge will facilitate the use of tomato seed protein isolate as a low-cost protein-rich adjunct with functional benefits in food formulation. Most importantly, this study highlights that high-quality plant protein isolates can be recovered from agro-industrial by-products, thus adding commercial value to them and allowing their industrial exploitation.