Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Tobacco Use Among Adolescents in India

Objective. To differentiate between the different types of tobacco users and analyze the association between types of tobacco users and factors like pocket money and peer and parental influence across most of the state in India using the data obtained from Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) between 2000 and 2004. Methodology. The GYTS data encompassed a representative 2-stage probability sample of students aged 13 to 15 years across 24 states and 2 union territories in India. These students were interviewed using an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire. Result. A very strong association between users and pocket money was found in most of the states, with northeastern states having a very strong association—Sikkim, odds ratio (OR) = 8.43 (confidence interval [CI] = 6.08-11.69), and Manipur, OR = 5.58 (CI = 3.60-8.65)—after adjusting for close friend being smoker, close friend being smokeless tobacco user, parental influence, age, and gender. Conclusion. This study found a strong association between tobacco use by adolescents and having pocket money and close friends being tobacco users.
Does Functional Disability Mediate the Pain–Depression Relationship in Older Adults With Osteoarthritis? A Longitudinal Study in China

Older adults with osteoarthritis have been found to be impaired in physical functioning and report higher levels of depression. This study examined the relationships between pain, functional disability, and depression to test the activity restriction model in a cohort of 176 older adults in China. This model states that disability is a mediator for the relationship between pain and depression. Other investigators have found that pain and disability were two independent correlates of depression. In both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, the authors found that disability is a mediator, using commonly accepted methods (indirect effect 44%, Sobel Z = 4.07, P < .001; 41%, Sobel Z = 3.45, P < .001, respectively). However, this mediation effect was not seen when the outcome was residualized with the baseline value. When the baseline level of depression is residualized, the effect size of the relationship is reduced, requiring larger sample size to test its effect.
Reliability and Validity of the Malay International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-M)Among a Malay Population in Malaysia

The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was developed to assess the physical activity patterns in populations. The authors aim to examine the reliability and validity of the Malay version of IPAQ (IPAQ-M). The IPAQ-M was self-administered twice at a 1-week interval to assess its test–retest reliability. Criterion validity was assessed between the IPAQ-M and a 7-day physical activity log (PA-Log). A total of 81 Malay adults participated in the study. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), kappa (κ), correlation coefficients (ρ), and Bland–Altman plot were used for data analyses. The ICC scores revealed moderate to good correlations (ICC = 0.54-0.92; P < .001) on items categorized by intensities and domains and a κ of 0.73 for total activity. Validity results from the PA-Log were statistically significant (P < .001) across intensities and domains (ρ = 0.67-0.98). The IPAQ-M demonstrated good reliability and validity for the evaluation of physical activity among this Malay population.
An Aggregation Advisor for Ligand Discovery.

Colloidal aggregation of organic molecules is the dominant mechanism for artifactual inhibition of proteins, and controls against it are widely deployed. Notwithstanding an increasingly detailed understanding of this phenomenon, a method to reliably predict aggregation has remained elusive. Correspondingly, active molecules that act via aggregation continue to be found in early discovery campaigns and remain common in the literature. Over the past decade, over 12 thousand aggregating organic molecules have been identified, potentially enabling a precedent-based approach to match known aggregators with new molecules that may be expected to aggregate and lead to artifacts. We investigate an approach that uses lipophilicity, affinity, and similarity to known aggregators to advise on the likelihood that a candidate compound is an aggregator. In prospective experimental testing, five of seven new molecules with Tanimoto coefficients (Tc's) between 0.95 and 0.99 to known aggregators aggregated at relevant concentrations. Ten of 19 with Tc's between 0.94 and 0.90 and three of seven with Tc's between 0.89 and 0.85 also aggregated. Another three of the predicted compounds aggregated at higher concentrations. This method finds that 61 827 or 5.1% of the ligands acting in the 0.1 to 10 μM range in the medicinal chemistry literature are at least 85% similar to a known aggregator with these physical properties and may aggregate at relevant concentrations. Intriguingly, only 0.73% of all drug-like commercially available compounds resemble the known aggregators, suggesting that colloidal aggregators are enriched in the literature. As a percentage of the literature, aggregator-like compounds have increased 9-fold since 1995, partly reflecting the advent of high-throughput and virtual screens against molecular targets. Emerging from this study is an aggregator advisor database and tool ( http://advisor.bkslab.org ), free to the community, that may help distinguish between fruitful and artifactual screening hits acting by this mechanism.
Macrophage Inflammatory Protein‐1α Induces Hypercalcemia in Adult T‐Cell Leukemia

Hypercalcemia is observed in >80% of ATL. Serum MIP‐1α levels were elevated in all 24 ATL with hypercalcemia but undetectable in all 10 patients with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy with solid tumors and in 34 of 37 ATL without hypercalcemia. We propose that serum MIP‐1α is a clinical hallmark for hypercalcemia in ATL.
Three-Dimensional Noninvasive Imaging of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients With Premature Ventricular Contractions

Objective: Noninvasive imaging of cardiac electrical activity promises to provide important information regarding the underlying arrhythmic substrates for successful ablation intervention and further understanding of the mechanism of such lethal disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of a novel 3-D cardiac activation imaging technique to noninvasively localize and image origins of focal ventricular arrhythmias in patients undergoing radio frequency ablation. Methods: Preprocedural ECG gated contrast enhanced cardiac CT images and body surface potential maps were collected from 13 patients within a week prior to the ablation. The electrical activation images were estimated over the 3-D myocardium using a cardiac electric sparse imaging technique, and compared with CARTO activation maps and the ablation sites in the same patients. Results : Noninvasively-imaged activation sequences were consistent with the CARTO mapping results with an average correlation coefficient of 0.79, average relative error of 0.19, and average relative resolution error of 0.017. The imaged initiation sites of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) were, on average, within 8 mm of the last successful ablation site and within 3 mm of the nearest ablation site. Conclusion: The present results demonstrate the excellent performance of the 3-D cardiac activation imaging technique in imaging the activation sequence associated with PVC, and localizing the initial sites of focal ventricular arrhythmias in patients. These promising results suggest that the 3-D cardiac activation imaging technique may become a useful tool for aiding clinical diagnosis and management of ventricular arrhythmias.
Measuring the compatibility between engineering students' personality types and major of study: A first step towards preventing engineering education dropouts

Research suggests that almost half of engineering students switch to other majors or drop out mainly due to three key reasons: teaching and advising insufficiency; complexity of engineering curriculum; and a lack of `belonging' within engineering [1]. The current study measures the compatibility between engineering undergraduate students' personality types and their major of study in order to estimate the extent to which engineering students `belong' within engineering. An online questionnaire of Holland's typology of personality was used to obtain scores on students' personality types. Results suggest that the match between students' personality types and Engineering is relatively low. An improvement in this match could help avert engineering dropout.
Application of the Karhunen-Loève Expansion to Feature Selection and Ordering

The Karhunen-Lo6ve expansion has been used previously to extract important features for representing samples taken from a given distribution. A method is developed herein to use the Karhunen-Loeve expansion to extract features relevant to classification of a sample taken from one of two pattern classes. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the technique.
Fault Equivalence in Combinational Logic Networks

This paper is a study of the effects of faults on the logical operation of combinational (acyclic) logic circuits. In particular, the conditions whereby two different faults can produce the same alteration in the circuit behavior are investigated. This relationship between two faults is shown to be an equivalence relation, and three different types of equivalence relations are specified. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of these equivalence relations are proved. An algorithm for determining the equivalence classes for one of the types of equivalence is presented. Other types of algebraic properties of faults are discussed.
Tapered Floating Point: A New Floating-Point Representation

It is well known that there is a possible tradeoff in the binary representation of floating-point numbers in which one bit of accuracy can be gained at the cost of halving the exponent range, and vice versa. A way in which the exponent range can be greatly increased while preserving full accuracy for most computations is suggested.
Acupuncture or counselling: outcomes and predictors of treatment choice in a non‐statutory addiction service

Aims: To describe the characteristics of clients choosing auricular acupuncture or counselling to treat dependence at a UK self‐referral centre and the short‐term outcome for each group. Methods: Assessments made at entry, and at 2 months and 6 months included a range of psychometric variables (anxiety, depression, dependence severity, readiness to change), and alcohol and drug consumption. These variables were used to predict treatment choice in logistic regression analyses and to describe treatment outcome. Results: Of 162 clients, 36 chose acupuncture and 126 chose counselling. Alcohol was the main preferred drug in both groups but preference for heroin was the only independent variable determining choice for acupuncture vs. counselling. Six‐month follow‐up rate was 44% in the counselling group and 25% in the acupuncture group. There were significant improvements in psychological variables which correlated with a decrease in alcohol consumption at 2 and 6 months. Improvements were greatest in those who attended for 6 months. Conclusions: Acupuncture was preferred by clients whose main drug of choice was heroin. Across both treatments clients with alcohol problems who attended the 2 and 6 months follow‐up assessments showed a significant decrease in psychological distress and reduction of alcohol consumption.
New Trends and Advances in Oral and Maxillofacial Imaging

Abstract: Various modalities are available for the diagnosis of diseases affecting the oral and maxillofacial regions. The currently used imaging modalities include intra-oral radiographs, panoramic radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) including cone-beam (CB) CT, ultrasonography (US), and nuclear medicine including positron emission tomography (PET). In the present review, we describe the application and significance of each modality in the diagnostic process of oral and maxillofacial diseases. Keywords: Panoramic radiograph, cone beam CT, MRI, PET-CT, US, imaging, oral and maxillofacial. INTRODUCTION The discovery of the X-ray by WC Roentgen in 1895 be-gan the history of diagnostic imaging of the human body, including that of oral and maxillofacial regions. Since then, a number of diagnostic imaging modalities have been devel-oped. Different modalities are applied for the diagnosis of diseases in oral and maxillofacial regions, and many reports have suggested the usefulness of intra-oral radiographs, panoramic radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography (US), and nu-clear medicine including positron emission tomography (PET). In the present review, we introduce the applications of each modality and explain the significance of its image in the diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial diseases. The present review discusses the diagnosis of medical diseases using dental panoramic radiographs, the diagnostic significance of computed tomography (CT) including multi detector CT (MDCT) and cone-beam (CB) CT, the application of mag-netic resonance imaging (MRI) for various kinds of oral-related diseases, and computer simulations for dental implant and orthognathic surgery planning using data of helical CT images. The usefulness of ultrasonography (US) for viewing surface soft tissues such as salivary glands, tongue, and lymph nodes, and the advantages and limitations of positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorine-18-labeled fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18FDG) are also described.
Feature Selection in the Corrected KDD-dataset

Automation in anomaly detection, which deals with detecting of unknown attacks in the network traffic, has been the focus of research by using data mining techniques in recent years. This study attempts to explore significant features (curse of high dimensionality) in intrusion detection in order to be applied in data mining techniques. Therefore, the existing irrelevant and redundant features are deleted from the dataset resulting faster training and testing process, less resource consumption as well as maintaining high detection rates. The findings were tested on the NSL-KDD datasets (anomaly intrusion datasets) in order to confirm the outcomes.
Floating-Point Arithmetic Algorithms in the Symmetric Residue Number System

The residue number system is an integer number system and is inconvenient to represent numbers with fractional parts. In the symmetric residue system, a new representation of floating-point numbers and arithmetic algorithms for its addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are proposed. A floating-point number is expressed as an integer multiplied by a product of the moduli. The proposed system assumes existence of necessary conversion procedures before and after the computation.
Development and characterization of niosomal drug delivery of gliclazide

In the present study, gliclazide-loaded niosomes are formulated and evaluated for their in vitro as well as in vivo characteristic in an attempt to improve the oral bioavailability of the drug. Formulation of niosomes was optimized for highest percentage of drug entrapment. Microscopic observation conÞ rmed that all particles were uniform in size and shape. The entrapment efÞ ciency was determined by separating the unentrapped drug using dialysis. The in vitro release studies of drug from niosomes exhibited a prolonged drug release as observed over a period of 24 h. The positive values of zeta potential indicated that the gliclazide niosomes were stabilized by electrostatic repulsive forces. Results from stability study have shown that the drug leakage from the vesicles was least at 4°C followed by 25 and 37°C. The niosomes showing maximum entrapment and suitable release rate were selected for in vivo evaluation. In conclusion, the niosomal formulation could be a promising delivery system for gliclazide with improved bioavailability and prolonged drug release proÞ le. Key words: Niosomes, gliclazide, cholesterol.
The Cost of Developing Large-Scale Software

The work of software cost forecasting falls into two parts. First we make what we call structural forecasts, and then we calculate the absolute dollar-volume forecasts. Structural forecasts describe the technology and function of a software project, but not its size. We allocate resources (costs) over the project's life cycle from the structural forecasts. Judgment, technical knowledge, and econometric research should combine in making the structural forecasts. A methodology based on a 25 X 7 structural forecast matrix that has been used by TRW with good results over the past few years is presented in this paper. With the structural forecast in hand, we go on to calculate the absolute dollar-volume forecasts. The general logic followed in "absolute" cost estimating can be based on either a mental process or an explicit algorithm. A cost estimating algorithm is presented and five tradition methods of software cost forecasting are described: top-down estimating, similarities and differences estimating, ratio estimating, standards estimating, and bottom-up estimating. All forecasting methods suffer from the need for a valid cost data base for many estimating situations. Software information elements that experience has shown to be useful in establishing such a data base are given in the body of the paper. Major pricing pitfalls are identified. Two case studies are presented that illustrate the software cost forecasting methodology and historical results. Topics for further work and study are suggested.
Conversational model psychotherapy

Objectives: To briefly outline historical development, theoretical orientation, evidence and areas of application for Conversational Model Psychotherapy. Conclusions: Conversational Model Therapy remains an important evidence-based option in fostering recovery and growth for many patients with traumatic disruptions and restrictions of self. It is one of an emerging group of relational psychotherapies, broadly reflecting a change from a one person to a two person (intersubjective) psychological paradigm in psychotherapy.
Vulvar epithelioid hemangiosarcoma with solar elastosis in a mare

A 15-year-old female gray Appaloosa horse was presented with history of a mass over the right dorsal commissure of vulva for the past 7 months. Based on histopathological examination, and positive staining with factor VIII–related antigen, vimentin, and Verhoeff–van Gieson stain, the vulvar mass was diagnosed as hemangiosarcoma with marked solar elastosis.
On the Equivalence Between One-Dimensional Discrete Walsh-Hadamard and Multidimensional Discrete Fourier Transforms

It is shown that the discrete Walsh–Hadamard transform applied to 2none-dimensional data is equivalent to the discrete n-dimensional Fourier transform applied to the same 2ndata arranged on the binary n-cube. A similar relationship is valid for the generalized discrete Walsh transform suggested by Andrews and Caspari. This relationship explains the theorem concerning the shift invariance of the power spectrum for the Walsh–Hadamard transform and its generalizations.
Validation of an automated chemiluminescent immunoassay for salivary cortisol measurements in pigs

The aim of the current study was to validate an automated immunoassay for cortisol quantification in the saliva of pigs. The assay had intra- and interassay coefficients of variation lower than 16%, in all cases. The limit of detection was 0.016 µg/dl, and the lower quantification limit was 0.197 µg/dl. The assay also demonstrated a high level of accuracy, as determined by linearity under dilution and recovery tests. In addition, this assay was used to quantify cortisol in 2 models of stress: 1 in which animals were immobilized with a nose-snare and 1 in which pigs were transported for a duration of 30 min. In both cases, a significant increase (P < 0.01) in salivary cortisol was detected after the stressful situation. Overall, the assay validated in the present study could be used for the evaluation of cortisol changes in stressful situations.
Development of an immunochromatographic strip for the detection of antibodies against Porcine circovirus-2

A rapid (<5 min) immunochromatographic strip using a colloidal gold–labeled antigen probe was successfully developed and applied for the detection of Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) antibodies in swine. Recombinant Cap protein truncated nuclear localization signal of PCV-2, was expressed and labeled with colloidal gold. This conjugate was dispensed on a conjugate pad as the detector. Staphylococcal protein A and purified porcine anti–PCV-2 antibodies were blotted on a nitrocellulose membrane for the test and control lines, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of this strip test was evaluated using PCV-2 antisera as well as other sera from pigs infected with a variety of swine viruses. For the validation of this strip test, 500 clinical swine serum samples were assessed both by the strip and a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The agreement between the immunochromatographic strip and ELISA kit was 94.00%. This strip possesses high sensitivity and specificity and may be useful as a candidate for rapid diagnosis of PCV-2 antibodies in the field.
Detection of Avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus type QX infection in Switzerland

Infectious bronchitis, a disease of chickens caused by Avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), leads to severe economic losses for the poultry industry worldwide. Various attempts to control the virus based on vaccination strategies are performed. However, due to the emergence of novel genotypes, an effective control of the virus is hindered. In 1996, a novel viral genotype named IBV-QX was reported for the first time in Qingdao, Shandong province, China. The first appearance of an IBV-QX isolate in Europe was reported between 2003 and 2004 in The Netherlands. Subsequently, infections with this genotype were found in several other European countries such as France, Italy, Germany, United Kingdom, Slovenia, and Sweden. The present report describes the use of a new set of degenerate primers that amplify a 636-bp fragment within the S1 gene by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to detect the occurrence of IBV-QX infection in Switzerland.
Canine intestinal histoplasmosis containing hyphal forms

A 12-year-old intact male Miniature Schnauzer dog with chronic diarrhea that was unresponsive to empirical treatment was presented to a referring veterinarian. A laparotomy was performed, and formalin-fixed biopsies of duodenum, jejunum, and colon were sent to Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory for evaluation. Histologic examination revealed a severe, diffuse, granulomatous enteritis and colitis with intralesional yeast and hyphal forms. Grocott methenamine silver stains revealed short, aseptate hyphae co-mingled with 2–8 µm, oval to round yeast organisms consistent with Histoplasma capsulatum. The atypical presentation of both yeast and hyphal forms prompted identification of the organism. Direct sequencing of a polymerase chain reaction product from paraffin-embedded intestinal samples confirmed the presence of Ajellomyces capsulatus with a homology over 99% to several sequences in GenBank. Ajellomyces capsulatus is the holomorphic name for H. capsulatum. Therefore, the mycelial form of a dimorphic fungus such as H. capsulatum can coexist with yeast cells within lesions of histoplasmosis. Following diagnosis, the dog was treated with itraconazole for 6 months and has improved.