Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Computation of Fourier Coefficients

In this paper we derive an identity for the Fourier coefficients of a differentiable function f(t) in terms of the Fourier coefficients of its derivative f ′(t). This yields an algorithm to compute the Fourier coefficients of f(t) whenever the Fourier coefficients of f ′(t) are known, and vice versa. Furthermore this generates an iterative scheme for N times differentiable functions complementing the direct computation of Fourier coefficients via the defining integrals which can be also treated automatically in certain cases, see [5] and [2].
Visible/Near infrared (VIS/NIR) spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis (MVDA) for identification and quantification of olive leaf spot (OLS) disease

Early detection of plant disease requires usually elaborating methods techniques and especially when symptoms are not visible. Olive Leaf Spot (OLS) infecting upper surface of olive leaves has a long latent infection period. In this work, VIS/NIR spectroscopy was used to determine the latent infection and severity of the pathogens. Two different classification methods were used, Partial Least Squared-Discrimination Analysis (PLS-DA) (linear method) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) (non-linear). SVM-classification was able to classify severity levels 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 with classification rates of 94, 90, 73, 79, 83 and 100%, respectively The overall classification rate was about 86%. PLS-DA was able to classify two different severity groups (first group with severity 0, 1, 2, 3, and second group with severity 4, 5), with a classification rate greater than 95%. The results promote further researches, and the possibility of evaluation OLS in-situ using portable VIS/NIR devices.
Jenkins–Strebel differentials with poles

Given any compact Riemann surface with finitely many punctures, we show that there exists a unique Jenkins–Strebel differential on the Riemann surface with prescribed heights. In addition, the differential has second order poles at the distinguished punctures with prescribed leading coefficients. As a corollary, we obtain the solution of the moduli problem. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000). 30F30, 30F60, 32G15.
Universal POS Tagset for Korean

The Universal Dependencies(이하 UD)는 병렬 언어 처 리를 위해 여러 언어에 적용할 수 있는 형태적, 구문론 적 특성을 찾는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 이를 위해 개별 언어가 가지고 있는 여러 언어 자원을 하나의 통일된 형 식(CoNLL U-Format)으로 변환하여 범언어적인 언어 처리 가 용이하도록 만들고 있다. UD 홈페이지에는 이미 Universal POS(이하 UPOS)로 주 석된 한국어 Treebank가 세 가지 소개되어 있으며, 이와 같이 한국어에 UD를 적용시키기 위한 연구가 여럿 진행 되는 중이다. [7]에서 확인할 수 있는 것과 같이, 기존 의 한국어 구구조 구문 분석 말뭉치들은 어절을 단위로 주석하는 것을 원칙으로 하고 있으며, 이에 따라서 한국 어에 UD를 적용시키려는 연구 역시 대부분 어절을 기본 단위로 하고 있다. 이는 기구축 자료와의 호환성을 고려 하는 방법이라고 이해할 수 있다. 본고에서는 UPOS 체계와 한국어의 형태 태그셋이 일대 일 대응이 아니라 일대다 대응이 되어야 한다는 것을 밝 히며, 보다 정확한 한국어 의존 관계 분석을 위한 향상 된 한국어 UPOS 체계를 제안할 것이다. 또한, 세종계획 형태 태그셋으로 주석된 기존의 말뭉치들을 UPOS 태그셋 으로 변환하는 방법에 대해서도 논의할 것이다.
A Passive System for Quantifying Indoor Space Utilization

This paper presents the development of a prototype for a new sensing device for anonymously evaluating space utilization, which includes usage factors such as occupancy levels, congregation and circulation patterns. This work builds on existing methods and technology for measuring building performance, human comfort and occupant experience in post-occupancy evaluations as well as pre-design strategic planning. The ability to collect data related to utilization and occupant experience has increased significantly due to the greater accessibility of sensor systems in recent years. As a result, designers are exploring new methods to empirically verify spatial properties that have traditionally been considered more qualitative in nature. With this premise, this study challenges current strategies that rely heavily on manual data collection and survey reports. The proposed sensing device is designed to supplement the traditional manual method with a new layer of automated, unbiased data that is capable of capturing environmental and social qualities of a given space. In a controlled experiment, the authors found that the data collected from the sensing device can be extrapolated to show how layout, spatial interventions or other design factors affect circulation, congregation, productivity, and occupancy in an office setting. In the future, this sensing device could provide designers with real-time feedback about how their designs influence occupants’ experiences, and thus allow the designers to base what are currently intuition-based decisions on reliable data and evidence.
THE IMPACT OF FISCAL POLICY UPON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

The current paper aims to analyze the correlation between fiscal policy and economic growth. Using a multiple regression we have researched the effects of the fiscal pressure, gross capital formation, exchange rate, labor productivity and economic openness upon the growth rate of the Gross Domestic Product per capita. In our study we have grouped the countries into two categories: old member countries and new member countries of the European Union, gathering the data for the 2001-2011 period. We have divided the member countries into these categories taking into consideration the existing disparities in the economic development between the European Union member countries. The results obtained have shown that the economic growth rate is positively influenced by fiscal pressure, gross capital formation in the private sector, degree of economy openness and labor productivity. The variables government expenditures, exchange rate and public debt likely exerted a negative influence upon the economic growth.
New Features for a Pen and Paper-based Exam Scripts Marking System

This paper presents an exam scripts marking system for answers written using pen and paper devices. Pen and paper devices capture the traces of pen movement (called digital ink), allowing the answers to be reorganized independent from paper format, analyzed and marked semi-automatically under the examiner’s supervision. Based on our earlier work we designed a system which provides new features. The first new feature is to order answers based on the recognized content from the digital ink. While digital ink recognition is still not perfect at present, it will at the very least allow examiners to examine each similar group of answers at a time. Another feature introduced in the new system is the ability to overlay answers given as drawings such as graphs so that examiners can easily find the consensus answer as well as common mistakes. Yet another feature is to analyze the time that each student spent on a questions. This analysis is possible because in digital ink, each stroke carries a timestamp. The feature to automatically mark multiple choice questions in our earlier system continues to be available.
Sacralization of Politics ın the Context of Modern Georgia

Sacralization of politics characterizes tyrannies and democracies alike, functioning as strengthening power bases and maintaining continuity of collective identity. The goal of the study was to register these two directional processes in the modern political context of Georgia. The political landscape of Georgia after gaining independence is characterized by oscillation of voters between charismatic and rational leaders. Inauguration speeches of the presidents were subjected to thematic analysis to reveal religious allusions. All of them although to a different degree refereed to five main themes: Holy path and trial, hierarchies and Gods, rituals, national religious consciousness and anti secularism. Analysis proved the resemblance between the first and the third presidents, both being charismatic, emotional leaders, most often referring to holly path and trial, and religious national consciousness in contrast to the second president, who was steered more by rationality than emotion, referring to hierarchies and Gods, and rituals. Estimations of young voters of the leaders pointed to the preference to the first president – Gamsakhurdia. The idealization of the leaders occurred more in regard to charismatic leaders by those who proved to be less tolerant of ambiguity and hence, more striving to sustain black and white worldview. This result with some precautious can be taken as an indicator of the need to sacralize the leader and thus to maintain continuity and stability of collective identity.
Black male student success in U.S higher education: lessons from the Institute for Responsible Citizenship

3 Context of the Debate 4 Defining Anti-Deficit 6 Evolution of the Literature 8 Literature Review 10 Institutional Forces in PreK-12 Education 11 Institutional Forces in Higher Education 14 Black Male Student Success in Higher Education 19 A report from the National Black Male College Achievement Study 21 Research Methodology 24 Overview: The Institute for Responsible Citizenship 25 Study Limitations 27 Question Protocol 28 Data Collection Method 29 Data Analysis 30 Findings and Results 31 Familial Factors 32 Out-of-Class Engagement 33 Classroom Experiences 35 Additional Success Factors 37 Conclusion and Institutional Recommendations 39 Works Cited 43 Appendix 47 BLACK MALE STUDENT SUCCESS IN U.S HIGHER EDUCATION 3
Adaptive Calibration of Frequency Response Mismatches in Time-Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters

The performance of today’s communication systems is highly dependent on the employed analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), and in order to provide more flexibility and precision for the emerging communication technologies, high-performance ADCs are required. In this regard, the time-interleaved operation of an array of ADCs (TI-ADC) can be a reasonable solution. A TI-ADC can increase its throughput by using M channel ADCs or subconverters in parallel and sampling the input signal in a time-interleaved manner. However, the performance of a TI-ADC badly suffers from the mismatches among the channel ADCs. The mismatches among channel ADCs distort the TI-ADC output spectrum by introducing spurious tones besides the actual signal components. This thesis deals with the adaptive background calibration of frequency-response mismatches in a TI-ADC. By modeling each channel ADC as a linear time-invariant system, we develop the continuous-time, discrete-time, and time-varying system models of a TI-ADC. These models help us to characterize the behavior of a TI-ADC in the presence of frequency response mismatches. First we model the channel frequency responses with gain and timing mismatches only which are approximated using a first-order Taylor’s series expansion. Consequently, we present a blind calibration structure that uses the filtered-X least-mean square (FxLMS) algorithm to calibrate the gain and timing mismatches. Besides its simplicity and ease of scalability, this calibration technique works well with different types of input signals and significantly improves the performance of a TI-ADC. Next a digital background blind calibration structure for frequency response mismatches in a two-channel TI-ADC is presented. Contrary to the other calibration techniques in the literature, our calibration technique is not dependent on the type of the input signal and the channel mismatch models. We represent the frequency response mismatches by a polynomial series of fixed order that allows us to characterize the mismatch by the coefficients of this series. Later these coefficients are estimated by using the FxLMS algorithm that helps in the reconstruction of the input signal. Finally, a flexible digital background non-blind calibration structure is presented that uses an extra low-resolution ADC as reference and an M -periodic time-varying filter to adaptively calibrate the frequency response mismatches in a TI-ADC. This structure may be used to calibrate any linear frequency response mismatches including gain and timing mismatches. All these digital calibration techniques make it possible to overcome the performance artifacts of frequency response mismatches in a TI-ADC.
Magical Use of Traditional Scripts in Northeastern Thai Villages

While the Thai script is generally used in Thailand today, it was only after the beginning of the last century that the use of this script spread throughout the country. It can easily be supposed that at the time of nation―state building, the modern educational system expanded and led to the penetration of the Thai script as it is observed today. This supposition, however, is inadequate to provide information on the use of scripts in actual village life. Long before the nineteenth century, the local villages in Thailand were already using some traditional scripts that differed from the Thai script. Hence, we cannot say that the penetration of the Thai script changed the status of the Thai people from “illiterate” to “literate” because, in a sense, they were “literate” long before the modern era. These traditional scripts were not to be discarded; they continued to create new meanings and expand the Thai people’s raison d’etre. Therefore, there is a need to analyze the modern meanings and uses of traditional scripts in the context of village life. Similar to other material cultures, scripts are one tool invented by human beings. They are used to represent the oral language and their representation requires certain materials. The study of scripts provides a suitable opportunity to consider the issues of materialization and knowledge. This article aims to analyze from an anthropological perspective the manner in which traditional scripts and knowledge of them are employed in the villages of Northeastern Thailand. 2. The History of Traditional Scripts in Northeastern Thailand Traditional Scripts in Northeastern Thailand In the Isan region of Northeastern Thailand, the spoken language is called Lao or Isan, a local Thai dialect. Similar to other Thai languages, Isan is a monosyllabic language with 5 or 6 tones. Today, the Thai script is generally used as the written language; however, other scripts, called akson boran (ancient scripts), still exist in Isan. There are three traditional scripts in this region: Tham, Thainoi, and Khom. The Khom script was derived from the ancient Khmer script and was used in stone inscriptions and Buddhist texts. In the villages that I researched, however, the use of this script is not as common as that of the other two scripts.
Combined scanning ion conductance, electrochemical and piezoelectrochemical microscopy of surfaces

На базе сканирующего зондового микроскопа "ФемтоСкан" и быстродействующего микроскопа "ФемтоСкан Х" разработана экспериментальная установка для реализации сканирующей капиллярной микроскопии, сканирующей электрохимической микроскопии и сканирующей пьезоэлектрохимической микроскопии. On the basis of FemtoScan scanning probe microscope and FemtoScan X high-speed microscope an experimental facility to implement a scanning capillary microscopy, scanning electrochemical microscopy and scanning piezoelectric microscopy was developed.
Genetic Diversity of Mexican Avocado in Nuevo Leon, Mexico

Mexico is considered the center of origin of avocado, and in the mountains of Sierra Madre Oriental in Nuevo Leon the remains of an avocado have been found, which are evidence of the place or origin of Persea americana var. drymifolia, or the Mexican avocado. Wild creoles have been found growing with native vegetation and have contrasting characteristics with cultivated varieties (improved creoles) and creoles (seedling) found in orchards. All this diversity represents a valuable source of genes and genetic combinations that can be used in Persea breeding programs. Therefore, we performed studies in the north and south areas of Nuevo Leon, Mexico, in order to determine the genetic diversity of this crop and implement actions for the characterization and conservation of this genetic resource, which has been disappearing due to changes in soil use, the introduction of improved varieties and the destruction of their habitat.
The protective effect of arabic gum extract against lead acetate toxicity albino rats

Background: Arabic gum is a complex polysaccharide, a mixture of sugars and hemicelluloses composed of Arabic acid nucleus, it is found in nature as slightly acidic calcium, magnesium, potassium or sodium salt and there is different metal ions present in arabic gum molecules. Chemically, it is an arabinogalactan-protein complex composed by weight of 17-34% arabinose, 3250% galactose, 11-16% rhamnose, 13-19% glucuronic acid and 1.8-2.5% protein. Methodology: lead acetate is a multi-target pollutant, it causes kidney failure and testicular toxicity in rats as it induces oxidative damage and production of reactive oxygen species, Four groups of rats were used in this study, Control, Lead acetate (8 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally), Accaciasenegel (7.5g/kg body weight /day orally) and Accaciasenegel (7.5g/kg body weight /day orally) followed by lead acetate (8 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally) respectively. All groups received the oral treatment by stomach tube once daily for 4 weeks. Lead acetate resulted in an increase in the levels of serum urea, creatinine, uric acid and electrolytes, the testicular catalase activity decreased while the levels of testicular lipid peroxidation & nitric oxide increased. Elevation in the expression of Metallothionein1 & 2 genes in the kidney. Severe degeneration of the cortical tubules of kidney, disorganized seminiferous epithelium with depleted number of spermatozoa. Accaciasenegel extract administration before lead acetate treatment induced improvement in these changes.
Magnetic perturbations seen by CHAMP and evaluated using the TIE-GCM

Abstract. The Thermosphere-Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIE-GCM) is a self-consistent, global, atmospheric model that can be used to estimate magnetic perturbations at satellite altitude. These computed perturbations can then be compared with the magnetic vector data provided by low-earth orbiting satellites. In this initial study, the quietest day of each month from 2001–2005 was selected for comparison. CHAMP magnetic vector residuals were computed for these intervals using the CHAOS model to remove core and crustal geomagnetic contributions. Under various input parameters, the TIE-GCM predictions were compared with the CHAMP residuals on an orbit by orbit basis. Initial results demonstrate a reasonable agreement between the TIE-GCM estimates and the CHAMP residuals in non-polar, dayside regions (±50° magnetic latitude) where both are able to resolve the Equatorial Electro-Jet (EEJ) and solar quiet (Sq) current systems. Although no clear component or temporal correlation was discerned, evidence showing the decrease in residual comparisons presents the possibility of using the TIE-GCM to pre-process geomagnetic data for main field modeling purposes.
Wolfram F

Assuming a two-period model with endogenous choices of labour, education, and saving, it is shown to be second-best efficient to distort qualified labour less than nonqualified labour and, most notably, not to distort the choice of education. In general, the latter implies distorting the saving decision. Hence a strict order of policy priority is derived. Efficient tax policy ranks education higher than saving. All the results hold for arbitrary utility functions and only the one on efficient education assumes an isoelastic earnings function. Assuming isoelasticity is however justified with reference to the empirically well-founded Power Law of Learning. JEL Classification: H21, I28, J24
Advances in Magnetics Biomedical Nanomagnetics: A Spin Through Possibilities in Imaging, Diagnostics, and Therapy

Biomedical nanomagnetics is a multidisciplinary area of research in science, engineering and medicine with broad applications in imaging, diagnostics and therapy. Recent developments offer exciting possibilities in personalized medicine provided a truly integrated approach, combining chemistry, materials science, physics, engineering, biology and medicine, is implemented. Emphasizing this perspective, here we address important issues for the rapid development of the field, i.e., magnetic behavior at the nanoscale with emphasis on the relaxation dynamics, synthesis and surface functionalization of nanoparticles and core-shell structures, biocompatibility and toxicity studies, biological constraints and opportunities, and in vivo and in vitro applications. Specifically, we discuss targeted drug delivery and triggered release, novel contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, cancer therapy using magnetic fluid hyperthermia, in vitro diagnostics and the emerging magnetic particle imaging technique, that is quantitative and sensitive enough to compete with established imaging methods. In addition, the physics of self-assembly, which is fundamental to both biology and the future development of nanoscience, is illustrated with magnetic nanoparticles. It is shown that various competing energies associated with self-assembly converge on the nanometer length scale and different assemblies can be tailored by varying particle size and size distribution. Throughout this paper, while we discuss our recent research in the broad context of the multidisciplinary literature, we hope to bridge the gap between related work in physics/chemistry/engineering and biology/medicine and, at the same time, present the essential concepts in the individual disciplines. This approach is essential as biomedical nanomagnetics moves into the next phase of innovative translational research with emphasis on development of quantitative in vivo imaging, targeted and triggered drug release, and image guided therapy including validation of delivery and therapy response.
An Investigation on the Antioxidant Activities of Hyssopus officinalis L. and Echinacea purpurea L. Plant Extracts in Oil Model System

Background: Nowadays, there's a growing demand for the natural antioxidants due to the harmful effects of synthetic antioxidants. Therefore, introduction of new natural antioxidants (especially those with plant origin) is very important. Objective: The present study explores the chemical constitution and antioxidant activity of leaf extract of Hyssopus officinalis L. and extract of aerial parts of Echinacea purpurea L. , as two valuable natural antioxidants in soybean oil. Methods: Total phenolic content of the water extract of Hyssopus officinalis L. and Echinacea purpurea L. were determined by Folin–Ciocalteu method. The antioxidant activity (AOA) of these two extracts were evaluated with DPPH • , ABTS •+ and beta carotene bleaching (BCB) methods. Furthur, the oven tests including peroxide and thiobarbituric acid values were done at 70o C in soybean oil system. Results: Total phenolic content of Hyssopus officinalis L. and Echinacea purpurea L. were 200
Proposal of Mutation-Based Bees Algorithm (MBA) to Solve Traveling Salesman & Jobs Scheduling Problems

This paper presents an improved swarm-based algorithm which is based on Bees Algorithm and Mutation Operator. Mutation-based Bees Algorithm (MBA) is very useful to solve some NP-complete problems. This paper contains the basic version of MBA with solving two NP-complete problems as examples and experiments for testing the suggested approach. These two problems are Traveling Salesman Problem and Job Scheduling Problem. The experimental results show that the suggested approach is very suitable for solving NP-complete problems and gives good results compare with traditional Bees algorithm.
Decomposition of a greenhouse TS-Fuzzy model by clustering process

This paper presents a fuzzy c-means clustering method for decompose a T-S fuzzy system. This technique is used to organize the fuzzy greenhouse climate model into a new structure more interpretable, as in the case of the physical model. This new methodology was tested to split the inside greenhouse air temperature and humidity flat fuzzy models into fuzzy sub-models. These fuzzy sub-models are compared with its counterpart’s physical sub-models. This algorithm is applied to the T-S fuzzy rules. The results are several clusters of rules where each cluster is a new fuzzy sub-system. This is a generalized Probabilistic Fuzzy C-Means (PFCM) algorithm applied to TS-Fuzzy System clustering. This allows automatic organization of one fuzzy system into a multimodel Hierarchical Structure.