Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Production of Alkaline Phosphatase from Escherichia coli in Continuous Culture

A 2-liter continuous culture for the production of Escherichia coli rich in alkaline phosphatase is described. The maximal output is greater than 250 mg of enzyme per day. The enzyme yield per unit of bacterial dry weight is only one-fifth of that obtained in earlier investigations. However, because of the increased bacterial density, the output per unit volume of culture is more than four times as great.
Dispensing Apparatus for Controlling Eh, pH, and Volume of Anaerobic Bacterial and Protozoal Culture Media

One of the most important considerations in isolating and culturing ruminal microorganisms is the maintenance of a low oxidation-reduction potential in the medium. P. H. Smith and R. E. Hungate (J. Bacteriol. 75:713, 1958) observed rumen fluid to have an Eh value range of -335 to -346 mv, whereas R. L. Baldwin and R. S. Emery (J. Dairy Sci. 43:506, 1960) reported values of -125 to -191 mv for normal bovine ruminal contents which had a concentration of total reducing agents of 40 to 48 meq per liter. L. K. Quinn, W. Burroughs, and W. C. Christiansen (Appl. Microbiol. 10:583, 1962) have shown a possible optimal redox potential range for the entire spectrum of ruminal ciliates to be -200 to -260 mv. Media simulating ruminal digesta have included
Salmonella Contamination in a Poultry-Processing Plant

Bacteriological examination of 1,427 samples from a poultry-processing plant over a 2-year period yielded 202 (14.2%) cultures positive for salmonellae. The results indicate that contamination is reduced by washing procedures within the plant but that recontamination of the carcasses occurred in at least two different stages of processing, i.e., during evisceration and chilling. There was evidence of spread of salmonellae from flock to flock during the serial processing of flocks, but the spread was usually not extensive. The serotypes of salmonellae isolated in this study were similar to those of chicken origin reported from other areas of the country.
Comparative Inhibitory Effects of Antigen and Antibody in the Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Solid-Phase Radioimmunoassay System

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay employing 125I-labeled enterotoxins and polystyrene tubes coated with specific antibody has been developed for assaying the relative concentrations of antibodies to staphylococcal enterotoxins A and B. Competitive binding occurs between tube-bound antibody and free antibody for binding sites on 125I-labeled enterotoxin. The sensitivity of the system is affected by the amount of antibody on the walls of the tubes, the concentration of 125I-labeled enterotoxin added to the system, and probably by the relative binding affinities of the bound and unbound antibodies. Antibody, 0.01 to 0.07 μg/ml, inhibited the uptake of 125I-labeled enterotoxin by 20%. Both the antibody and antigen solid-phase radioimmunoassay inhibition systems can be appropriately represented by either of the following two models: Loge (Y/1 - Y) = α0 + α1 LogeX and LogeY = β0 + β1 LogeX, where Y is bound activity, X is antigen or antibody concentration for inhibition, and α0, α1, β0, and β1 are regression coefficients. Estimates from the first model were slightly more precise for the antibody system, whereas the reverse was true for the antigen system.
Bacterial taxonomy: a critique

or neo-Adansonian taxonomy has also created considerable interest. That our conventional taxonomy has many shortcomings is obvious, and the purpose of this paper is to review the history of some areas of conventional taxonomy, to state my personal views for improvements, and to evaluate critically some publications on numerical taxonomy. If this paper is to have an impact for improvement, it seems to me best to be specific, even though such specificity is bound to cause some antagonism.
A system for production and rapid purification of large amounts of the Shiga toxin/Shiga-like toxin I B subunit

We have constructed a plasmid expression vector (pSBC32) that encodes the B subunit of Shiga toxin/Shiga-like toxin I under control of the inducible trc promoter. The encoded B subunit is transported to the periplasmic space, allowing single-step purification of milligram amounts of this protein from periplasmic extracts by using receptor analog affinity chromatography. The purified B subunit interacts normally with both polyclonal antiserum to Shiga toxin and a monoclonal antibody specific for B subunit. B subunit purified in this system is pentameric (as in native holotoxin) and biologically active in blocking binding of Shiga holotoxin to HeLa cells. This expression system may allow rapid purification of sufficient amounts of Shiga toxin B subunit to attempt crystallization or to study its efficacy as a vaccine, either by itself or coupled to an appropriate polysaccharide antigen.
Analysis of the Genetic Requirements for Viability of Escherichia coli K-12 DNA Adenine Methylase (dam) Mutants

RecBCD protein, necessary for Escherichia coli dam mutant viability, is directly required for DNA repair. Recombination genes recF+, recN+, recO+, and recQ+ are not essential for dam mutant viability; they are required for recBC sbcBC dam mutant survival. mutH, mutL, or mutS mutations do not suppress subinduction of SOS genes in dam mutants.
Quantum Internet: The Future of Internetworking

Quantum information, computation and communication, will have a great impact on our world. One important subfield will be quantum networking and the quantum Internet. The purpose of a quantum Internet is to enable applications that are fundamentally out of reach for the classical Internet. Quantum networks enable new capabilities to communication systems. This allows the parties to generate long distance quantum entanglement, which serves a number of tasks including the generation of multiparty shared secrets whose security relies only on the laws of physics, distributed quantum computing, improved sensing, quantum computing on encrypted data, and secure private-bid auctions. However, quantum signals are fragile, and, in general, cannot be copied or amplified. In order to enable widespread use and application development, it is essential to develop methods that allow quantum protocols to connect to the underlying hardware implementation transparently and to make fast and reactive decisions for generating entanglement in the network to mitigate limited qubit lifetimes. Architectures for large-scale quantum internetworking are in development, paralleling theoretical and experimental work on physical layers and low-level error management and connection technologies. This chapter aims to present the main concepts, challenges, and opportunities for research in quantum information, quantum computing and quantum networking.
An ‘Ethical Black Box’, Learning From Disagreement in Shared Control Systems

Shared control, where a human user cooperates with an algorithm to operate a device, has the potential to greatly expand access to powered mobility, but also raises unique ethical challenges. A shared-control wheelchair may perform actions that do not reflect its user's intent in order to protect their safety, causing frustration or distrust in the process. Unlike physical accidents there is currently no frame-work for investigating or adjudicating these events, leading to a reduced capability to improve the shared control algorithm's user experience. In this paper we suggest a system based on the idea of an ‘ethical black box' that records the sensor context of sub-critical disagreements and collision risks in order to allow human investigators to examine them in retrospect and assess whether the algorithm has taken control from the user without justification.
Salmonella enteritidis Serotype 501, 2, 3: z4, z24: -

Characteristics of a new Salmonella serotype, subgenus IV, are reported. Culture 5534-68 was recovered from the intestinal tract of Anolis biporcatus, an arboreal lizard found in deep forest tracts in Panama Province, Republic of Panama. The antigenic composition of this new serotype was found to be 501, 2, 3:z4, z24:-.
The effect of activated silicon dioxide and betaine supplementation on quails’ growth and productivity

Abstract Background and Aim: Silicon dioxide and betaine supplements are essential in the poultry diet to improve growth and laying performance. This study aimed to determine the effect of activated silicon dioxide (ASD) and betaine supplementation on quails’ growth performance during the starter period and on follicular development and productive parameters at the onset of the laying period. Materials and Methods: The research used 1064 quails, aged 7 days. Four treatments were employed: A basal diet (control), a diet supplemented with 200 ppm ASD, a diet supplemented with 0.12% betaine, and a diet supplemented with a combination of 200 ppm ASD and 0.12% betaine (ASD+Betaine). Each diet group included seven replicates of 38 quails. The observed parameters were the quails’ growth performance during the starter period and follicular development and egg production during the onset of the laying period. Results: The results showed that combined supplementation with ASD+Betaine improved the quails’ growth performance during the starter period (p<0.05). However, these supplements, either as single feed additives or in combination, did not affect ovarian and follicular characteristics during the onset of the laying period. Still, ASD and betaine enhanced egg production and weight. The highest magnitude of change resulted from combined supplementation with ASD+Betaine (p<0.05). Conclusion: The ASD+Betaine could be productively applied to quails’ diets during the starter period and at the onset of the laying period.
Towards Visually Plausible Explanations

Introduction 2 The goal of this assignment is to firstly reimplement the work from the paper Liu et al. (2020) and secondly extend 3 their work. Liu et al. develops a new technique which visually explains VAE by generating attention maps from the 4 learned latent space. Then the paper applies the VAE into two applications: anomaly localisation and latent space 5 disentanglement. This paper reimplements Liu’s experiments and compares our results with the results from the paper 6 under restricted computational resources. The acquired results will be analyzed and compared to the original paper. 7
Classification of Sleep Stages Using PSG Recording Signals

Automatic sleep staging is aimed within the scope of this paper. Sleep staging is a study by a sleep specialist. Since this process takes quite a long time and sleep is a method based on the knowledge and experience, it is inevitable for each person to show different results. For this, an automatic sleep staging method has been introduced. In the study, EEG (Electroencephalogram), EOG (Electrooculogram), EMG (Electromyogram) data recorded by PSG (Polysomnography) device for seven patients in Necmettin Erbakan University sleep laboratory were used. 81 different features were taken from the data in time and frequency environment. Also, PCA (Principal component analysis) and SFS (Sequential forward selection) feature selection methods were used. The classification success of the sleep phases in different machine learning methods was measured by using the received features. Linear D. (Linear Discriminant Analysis), Cubic SVM (Support vector machine), Weighted kNN (k nearest neighbor), Bagged Trees, ANN (Artificial neural network) were used as classifiers. System success was achieved with a 5 fold cross-validation method. Accuracy rates obtained were respectively 55.6%, 65.8%, 67%, 72.1%, and 69.1%.
The effects of urbanization on the avian gut microbiome

2 Background . 2 Dissertation Aims . 7 Intellectual Merit. 9 References . 10 Chapter 1 Evaluation of non-lethal gut microbiome sampling methods in a passerine bird . 16 Abstract . 17. 17 Introduction . 17 Methods . 19 Results. 22 Discussion . 24 Data statement . 26 References . 27 Chapter 2 Effects of Urbanization and Landscape on Gut Microbiomes in White-Crowned Sparrows. 30 Abstract . 31. 3
S ELF - SUPERVISED REPRESENTATION LEARNING ON MANIFOLDS

We explore the use of a topological manifold, represented as a collection of charts, as the target space of neural network based representation learning tasks. This is achieved by a simple adjustment to the output of an encoder’s network architecture plus the addition of a maximal mean discrepancy based loss function for regularization. Most algorithms in representation learning are easily adaptable to our framework and we demonstrate its effectiveness by adjusting SimCLR to have a manifold encoding space. Our experiments show that we obtain a substantial performance boost over the baseline for low dimensional encodings. Code for reproducing experiments is provided at https://github.com/ekorman/ neurve .
A CCELERATING O NLINE R EINFORCEMENT L EARNING VIA M ODEL -B ASED M ETA -L EARNING

Current reinforcement learning algorithms struggle to quickly adapt to new situations without large amounts of experience and usually without large amounts of optimization over that experience. In this work we seek to leverage meta-learning methods from MAML with model-based RL methods based on MuZero to design agents which can quickly adapt online. We propose a new model-based meta-RL algorithm that can adapt online to new experience and can be meta-trained without explicit task labels. Compared to prior model-based meta-learning methods, our work can scale to more visually complex image based environments with dynamics that change significantly over time and can handle the continual RL setting which has no episodic boundaries.
Cost-effective method for degradability identification of MSW using convolutional neural network for on-site composting

Automatically identifying the degradability of municipal solid waste (MSW) is one of the key prerequisites for on-site composting to prevent contaminations from undegradable wastes. In this study, a cost-effective method was proposed for the degradability identification of MSW. Firstly, the trainable images in the datasets were increased by performing four different sizes of cropping operations on the original images captured on-site. Secondly, a lite convolutional neural network (CNN) model was built with only 3.37 million parameters, and then a total of eight models were trained on these datasets with and without the image augmentation operations, respectively. Finally, a degradability identification system was built for on-site composting, where the images were cut to different sizes of small squares for prediction, and the experiments were conducted to find the best combinations of the trained models and the cutting size. The results showed that the validation accuracies of the models trained with the augmentation operations were 0.91-2.07 percentage points higher, and in the evaluation of the degradability identification system the best result was achieved by the combination of W8A dataset and cutting size of 1/14 reached an accuracy of 91.58%, which indicated the capability of this cost-effective method to identify the degradability of MSW. Keywords: municipal solid waste, degradability identification, cost-effective, CNN, on-site composting, image classification DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe. 20211404.5838 Citation: Huang J J, Dai S H, Hu H M, Zhang H D, Xie J X, Li M. Cost-effective method for degradability identification of MSW using convolutional neural network for on-site composting. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2021; 14(4): 233–237.
The Influence of Affective Commitment on the Employees Innovative Work Behavior

The extremely competitive and globalized business environment directs organizations torely on human capital to be innovative. Innovative work behavior is progressively vital for organizations’ survival. Affective Committed employees are needed for organizations to foster innovative behaviors. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between Affective commitment and employees’innovative behaviour. This study recognized that Affective Commitment completely influences innovation work behavior, which comprises idea generation in addition to idea implementation
Amide linkage in novel three-ring bent-core molecular assemblies: polar mesophases and importance of H-bonding

ABSTRACT Here, we report the first examples of achiral unsymmetrical three-ring bent-shaped liquid crystals comprising amide and imine linkages with transverse substituents of methyl and chloro moieties on the central phenyl ring in the core, exhibiting polar banana phases. The extensive intra and inter molecular H-bonding induced novel banana mesomorphic phases. One-dimensional stacking in the mesomorphic phase as well as ferroelectric polar order promoted by intermolecular H-bonding of amide linkage is demonstrated. The compounds exhibit multifunctional properties viz., the enantiotropic liquid crystalline (LC) phase at ambient temperatures, electro-optical response, spontaneous polarisation, emission characteristics with large Stokes shift, and even charge distribution with large voltage holding ratio (VHR) values. The smectic type phase was confirmed by XRD studies and polar order was established by switching current and dielectric investigations. DFT studies revealed the importance of their suitability for display applications. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Covid-19’s Impact on Attitude & Intention to Use Mobile Banking Applications

Recent research has investigated the determinant factors of customers’ adoption of digital banking. But, after the spread of Corona 19 virus and world-wide pandemic, the customer behavior, traditional and digital market dynamics have changed. This study focuses on understanding the attitude and intention of customers to use mobile banking applications, digital banking marketing strategies and consumer behavior, especially during Covid-19 lock-down, in a developing country, Turkey. It is argued that service-wise attributes (e.g. usability) of mobile banking applications and personal traits (e.g. innovativeness) of bank customers have a positive impact on attitude towards and intention to use mobile banking applications. Besides, it is claimed that Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated customers’ intention to use mobile technologies including mobile banking apps. The study aims to put forward the generational differences in terms of mobile banking usage, as well. The comprehensive model derived from Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) [18] with some extensions from Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model [76], were tested using IBM SPSS and AMOS, through the survey delivered to 702 customers, which were chosen through convenience sampling. An e-mail survey has been shared with Turkish customers, after the first wave of Covid-19 pandemic, in June 2020. The results revealed that, usability, security, enjoyment and performance of mobile banking applications have positive and financial risk has a negative impact on attitude towards mobile banking and attitude has a positive impact on intention to use mobile banking applications (Five of hypothesis of the model are found to be highly significant (0,001). The CFI of the model is 0,898, where R2 is 0.490). Generation Y customers have a more positive attitude and intention to use mobile banking, compared to Generation X, as well as Baby Boomers. Besides, despite the economic recession and shrink in usage of traditional banking channels, Covid-19 pandemic has improved digital customers’ intention to use mobile banking applications. The research contributed to establish an enriched TAM, covering both functional, social and risk aspects of mobile banking. For the practitioners, the research has created value-added findings and recommendations for digital marketing strategies of organizations including investment proposals on functionality and security of their mobile banking services, as well as further penetration in Generation Y customers, during the pandemic.
Determinants of dietary salt intake in adults: A protocol for Scoping Review

Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to methodically review the current literature and identify the factors/determinants of dietary salt consumption in adults. Introduction: High dietary salt intake has been identified as a risk factor for non-communicable diseases and conditions. Despite continuous and rigorous efforts, dietary salt intake still remain above the recommended adult daily dose of 5g, both locally and globally. This indicates existence of unidentified or unaddressed behavioural factors that diminish efficiency of salt reduction efforts targeted towards public. Inclusion Criteria: This review will include global literature dealing with factors associated with dietary salt intake in adults. Qualitative, quantitative and ecological studies on behavioural, psychosocial and environmental factors associated with awareness regarding dietary salt intake and barrier to its reduction will be considered. Studies published only in English language, without any limits on date of publication will be considered for this review. Methods: A comprehensive search across databases namely, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, JSTOR, ERIC, DOAJ and OATD will be carried out to retrieve and identify relevant literature. Two reviewers will screen the titles followed by abstracts and subsequently full-length texts according to the inclusion and exclusion criterion, removing unrelated studies and finally compiling and extracting information from chosen studies in data extraction forms. Descriptive statistics will be used to represent the data. Thematic analysis of extracted data using deductive approach will be conducted.
Comparing the performance of the DNDC, Holos, and VSMB models for predicting the water partitioning of various crops and sites across Canada

Abstract: Accurately accounting for water budgets within regional agroecosystems is becoming an increasingly important practice, as both climate change and water consumption pressures have the potential for influencing agro-productivity and other water use activities. In this study, water budget measurements from 10 rainfed experimental sites across Canada were utilized to evaluate the performance of three models for their water partitioning capabilities: denitrification–decomposition (DNDC), Holos, and versatile soil moisture budget (VSMB). To assess the likely model performance at an upscaled national level, the models were applied at the site level with no water component-specific calibration. Evapotranspiration (ET) was found to be the dominate component of the water budget at the prairie sites (89%–149% of precipitation) (i.e., in comparison to runoff, tile drainage, and deep percolation), while both ET (37%–73% of precipitation) and drainage (19%–61% of precipitation) represented most of the water outflow budget at the sites in eastern and Atlantic Canada. As DNDC integrates daily crop growth dynamics with nitrogen, water, and heat stresses, in contrast to VSMB and Holos, which only utilize a water budget model, it was not surprising to find that DNDC consistently out-performed the other two models across all the statistical performance metrics considered at daily resolution.