Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial Alteration: A Major Player in Carcinogenesis

In recent years we have witnessed mounting evidences on how a normal cell changes its cellular signaling and metabolic pathways to become highly proliferative cancer cell. Since mitochondrion is a major hub of energy production and several metabolic pathways, it is taking the center stage in defining alterations in energy homeostasis and metabolic rerouting of cancer cell proliferation. Similarly, mutations in the mitochondrial genome in cancer are providing new insights on how these mutations affect mitochondrial functions and change the oncogenic signaling and apoptosis mechanism. In this review, we will summarize these important mitochondrial mechanisms that contribute significantly in the progression of cancer. Further therapeutic approaches targeted to these altered mitochondrial mechanism in cancer are discussed. This review is a part of special issue on Mitochondria: implications in human health and diseases.
Low-Voltage Transparent Indium–Zinc–Oxide Coplanar Homojunction TFTs Self-Assembled on Inorganic Proton Conductors

H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>-incorporated nanocolumnar SiO<sub>2</sub>-based proton conductors show an enhanced electric double layer (EDL) capacitance value of ~8 μF/cm<sup>2</sup> at 20 Hz. The upper frequency limit of EDL formation is found to be higher than 10 kHz. Transparent indium-zinc-oxide (IZO) coplanar homojunction thin-film transistors gated by such proton conductors are fabricated by one metal shadow mask self-assembled method. The operating voltage is found to be as low as 0.6 V. The current ON/OFF ratio, the subthreshold swing, and field-effect mobility are estimated to be 6 × 10<sup>5</sup>, 68 mV/dec, and 12 cm<sup>2</sup>/V · s, respectively. Such transparent transistors hold promise for low cost and portable electrochromic devices and invisible biochemical sensors.
Analyse de scènes naturelles par Composantes Indépendantes

De nombreuses etudes montrent que les detecteurs corticaux pourraient resulter de l'application d'un principe de reduction de redondance par independance statistique de leurs activites. L'analyse en Composantes Independantes est utilisee ici pour generer ces detecteurs, puis leurs performances sont analysees en terme de codage et de description pour categoriser des images semantiquement. La propriete d'independance statistique permet notamment de vaincre la « malediction de la dimension » dans un contexte de classification d'images. Un second volet concerne la semantique des images et la perception visuelle. Des sujets humains sont confrontes a des series d'experimentation, captant leur jugement de similarites visuelles, afin de pouvoir identifier les categories semantiques, d'apprecier l'apport de modalites perceptives comme la chrominance versus la luminance, et de mettre en evidence des asymetries perceptives.
Local Injection of Hyaluronic Acid Filler Improves Open Gingival Embrasure: Validation Through a Rat Model

BACKGROUND The open gingival embrasure, the so-called black triangle, is one of the unsolved dilemmas in adult dentistry. Although various techniques have been introduced to improve black triangles, the lack of reproducible experimental models has prevented development of successful protocols to regenerate or to compensate loss of the interdental papilla. Therefore, the objective of this study is first to develop a reliable animal model of open gingival embrasure and then to validate a minimally invasive injection technique using hyaluronic acid (HA) filler to augment the interdental papilla. METHODS To reproduce open gingival embrasure in rats, rapid space opening was induced between the mandibular incisors by attachment of a compression spring. Loss of interdental papilla height was morphologically evaluated and calculated using standardized serial photographs, microcomputed tomography, and histologic sections. Afterward, HA fillers or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was locally injected, and changes in the interdental papilla were evaluated. RESULTS After 7 days of space opening, the margin of the interdental papilla between the mandibular incisors gradually became irregular and flat, indicating a condition similar to the open gingival embrasure (P <0.05). Local injection of HA filler induced an augmentation effect of the interdental papilla compared with injection of PBS (P <0.05). Interdental papilla became convex, and inner granules containing HA were detected within the submucosal layer after its injection. CONCLUSIONS Open gingival embrasure was reproduced reliably in vivo. Local injection of HA filler was validated as a meaningful minimally invasive procedure to improve open gingival embrasure.
Mutant Products of the NF2 Tumor Suppressor Gene Are Degraded by the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway*

Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), a syndrome associated with multiple tumors of the nervous system, mostly schwannomas, is caused by mutations in the NF2 tumor suppressor gene that encodes schwannomin (Sch). Here we examinedNF2 pathogenetic mutations that result in misfolding of the FERM domain. We found that these mutant forms of Sch were efficiently degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In transfected cells, SchΔF118 was 3-fold more efficiently degraded than the related molecule ezrin bearing the equivalent mutation. In heterozygousNf2 knock-out mouse fibroblasts, endogenous mutant SchΔ81–121, but not wild type Sch, was also degraded by proteasomes. We further show that this degradation pathway is functional in primary Schwann cells. We analyzed SchΔ39–121 expressed in a transgenic mouse model of NF2 and found that SchΔ39–121, but not the endogenous wild type Sch, was unstable due to proteasome-mediated degradation. Altogether these results suggest that degradation of mutant Sch mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is a physiopathological pathway contributing to the loss of Sch function in NF2 patients.
The infraclavicular venipuncture. Value in various clinical situations including central venous pressure monitoring.

MANY reports concerning the history and physiology of central venous pressure (CVP) monitoring have appeared.1-3Its clinical value has been demonstrated. Our remarks will be confined to a description of over 200 percutaneous infraclavicular venipunctures. Five closed-chest techniques have been used to monitor CVP. They are the femoral vein approach, the external jugular venipuncture, the supraclavicular subclavian venipuncture, the antecubital cutdown, and the infraclavicular venipuncture. We have used all five techniques and maintain that the procedure of choice is the percutaneous infraclavicular approach. Modifying Wilson's technique,1one of us (R.A.M.) has done more than 200 subclavian catheterizations over a 1½-year period. Technique Before attempting this procedure, one must have thorough knowledge of the anatomy involved.4The axillary vein becomes the subclavian as it crosses over the first rib. Just medial to this point, the vein lies immediately posterior to the medial third of the clavicle and is
Patients with transient ischemic attack do not need to be admitted to hospital for urgent evaluation and treatment: against.

The essence of the assessment of a patient with suspected transient ischemic attack (TIA) is to confirm the diagnosis, identify and treat the cause, and start effective secondary prevention to prevent a disabling or fatal vascular event. In general, admission to hospital is required for patients who are medically unstable, those who have become dependent or require complex care that is unfeasible or unavailable elsewhere. You do not need to be admitted to hospital because of a TIA, but this is often done because of the absence of an alternative. Many TIA clinics now offer a “one-stop” service for which the patient is assessed, investigated (or investigated before the appointment), and given results at the same session.1 The chief problem of such a clinic is that patients may experience a completed stroke (or other vascular disaster) before being seen, so delays must be eliminated.2,3 Solutions include immediate access to regular clinics (by accepting telephone, email, or faxed referrals) and better public recognition …
Incremental RotBoost algorithm: An application for spam filtering

Incremental learning is a learning algorithm that can get new information from new training sets without forgetting the acquired knowledge from the previously used training sets. In this paper, an incremental learning algorithm based on ensemble learning is proposed. Then, an application of the proposed algorithm for spam filtering is discussed. The proposed algorithm called incremental RotBoost, assumes the environment is stationary. It trains new weak classifiers for newly arriving data, which are added to the ensemble of classifiers. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, several computer experiments are conducted. The results of computer experiments show the ability of our proposed algorithm for different tasks in the incremental learning. The results also demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can learn incrementally, and it can learn new classes, as well.
Update on the causes of platelet disorders and functional consequences

Platelets are derived from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow that create the cellular machinery the platelet needs to participate in the different processes of primary hemostasis including adhesion, activation and clot formation at the site of injury. Defects related to megakaryocyte differentiation, platelet formation, and/or platelet function can result in bleeding. Patients with thrombopathies can present with mucous membrane bleeding but may also present with bleeding following trauma or surgery. In this review, we have classified inherited platelet bleeding disorders (IPD) according to their underlying defective pathway: transcription regulation, TPO signaling, cytoskeletal organization, apoptosis, granule trafficking, and receptor signaling. Platelet function testing has provided insights into the underlying molecular defects that can result in bleeding. A major step forward was made during the last 3 years using new‐generation genetic approaches that resulted in the discovery of novel genes such as NBEAL2, RBM8A, ACTN1, and GFI1B for the well‐known IPD that cause gray platelet syndrome, thrombocytopenia‐absent radius syndrome, and autosomal dominant thrombocytopenias, respectively. In the near future, it is expected that a similar approach will identify many novel genes that cause IPD of unknown etiology, which are common. The future challenge will be to use a functional, systems biology approach to study the genes mutated in IPD and determine their roles in megakaryocyte and platelet biology and pathology.
On the accuracy of coherent compounding Doppler imaging

The influence of blood motion on the accuracy of coherent compounding Doppler imaging is investigated. A simplified model for the compounded Doppler signal is proposed. The model is used to show that coherent compounding acts as a low pass filter, inferring a negative shift of the Doppler spectrum and a bias in mean frequency estimates. Simulations and in vitro experiments were used to quantify the bias and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for different velocities and beam-to-flow angles. Further, a multi-angle vector Doppler approach is proposed for 2D correction of blood motion during coherent compounding, which was verified in simulations and in vitro to improve SNR and substantially reduce the mean velocity bias.
Gender, Health, and Initiation of Breastfeeding

The aim of this study was to explore the associations of health, gender, and motherhood with the decisions about breastfeeding. The sample consisted of 265 pregnant women (mean age: 32.34, SD: 4.01 years) who were recruited in healthcare centers and hospitals in southeast Spain between 2010 and 2011. Mental health was measured by the 12-Item General Health Questionnaire and gender by the Conformity to Feminine Norms Inventory. Women in our sample showed a higher conformity to gender norms than women surveyed in the adaptation of the inventory to the Spanish population (t = 11.25, p < 0.001, effect estimate (Cohen’s d) = 0.59). After adjustment for covariates, women who exclusively breastfed did not differ significantly in their conformity to gender norms from those who used partial breastfeeding or bottle feeding. Although good, our expectant mothers had worse mental health than the women aged 15–44 years in the Spanish National Health Survey (t = 2.96, p < 0.001, d = 0.26). Those who partially breastfed had significantly better mental health values. Gender norms were modulators in a model of factors related to initiation of breastfeeding. This study provides information about health and social construction of gender norms.
Quantification of Temporal Decorrelation Effects at L-Band for Polarimetric SAR Interferometry Applications

Temporal decorrelation is the most critical issue for the successful inversion of polarimetric SAR interferometry (Pol-InSAR) data acquired in an interferometric repeat-pass mode, typical for satellite or lower frequency airborne SAR systems. This paper provides a quantitative estimation of temporal decorrelation effects at L-band for a wide range of temporal baselines based on a unique set of multibaseline Pol-InSAR data. A new methodology that allows to quantify individual temporal decorrelation components has been developed and applied. Temporal decorrelation coefficients are estimated for temporal baselines ranging from 10 min to 54 days and converted to height inversion errors caused by them. The temporal decorrelations of γTV (volume temporal decorrelation) and γTG (ground temporal decorrelation) depend not only on the wind-induced movement but also strongly on the rain-induced dielectric changes in volume and on the ground at temporal baseline on the order of day or longer. At temporal baselines on the order of minutes, the wind speed is a critical parameter and the speed of 2 m/s already hampers the application of Pol-InSAR forest parameter inversion. The approach is supported and validated by using L-band E-SAR repeat-pass data acquired in the frame of three dedicated campaigns, BioSAR 2007, TempoSAR 2008, and TempoSAR 2009.
Regulated Exocytosis in Chromaffin Cells

The ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) GTP-binding proteins have been implicated in a wide range of vesicle transport and fusion steps along the secretory pathway. In chromaffin cells, ARF6 is specifically associated with the membrane of secretory chromaffin granules. Since ARF6 is an established regulator of phospholipase D (PLD), we have examined the intracellular distribution of ARF6 and PLD activity in resting and stimulated chromaffin cells. We found that stimulation of intact chromaffin cells or direct elevation of cytosolic calcium in permeabilized cells triggered the rapid translocation of ARF6 from secretory granules to the plasma membrane and the concomitant activation of PLD in the plasma membrane. To probe the existence of an ARF6-dependent PLD in chromaffin cells, we measured the PLD activity in purified plasma membranes. PLD could be activated by a nonhydrolyzable analogue of GTP and by recombinant myristoylated ARF6 and inhibited by specific anti-ARF6 antibodies. Furthermore, a synthetic myristoylated peptide corresponding to the N-terminal domain of ARF6 inhibited both PLD activity and catecholamine secretion in calcium-stimulated chromaffin cells. The possibility that ARF6 participates in the exocytotic reaction by controlling a plasma membrane-bound PLD and thereby generating fusogenic lipids at the exocytotic sites is discussed.
Linear displacement and force induced by polymerization shrinkage of resin-based restorative materials.

PURPOSE To measure the linear displacement and force induced by polymerization shrinkage of a series of resin-based restorative materials. METHODS The materials tested were 10 ultrafine midway-filled resin-based composites, mainly used in anterior restorations (Brilliant Dentin, Brilliant Enamel, Charisma F, Pertac II Aplitip, Prodigy, Resulcin, Sculpt-it, Synergy Duo, Tetric and Z100), 11 ultrafine compact-filled composites, suggested by the manufacturers as "amalgam substitutes" for posterior restorations (Alert, Ariston pHc, Definite, EXI-119, EXI-120, Nulite F, Prodigy Condensed, Prodigy High Viscosity, Solotaire, Surefil and Synergy Compact), and six polyacid-modified composites (Compoglass, Dyract, Dyract AP, Elan, F2000 and Hytac Aplitip), also known as compomers. Each property was measured for 180 seconds from the start of curing with the help of custom made devices in eight specimens for each material. Statistical evaluation of the data was performed with one-way ANOVA, Tukey's Studentized Range (HSD) Test (P= 0.05) and simple linear regression. RESULTS Statistically significant differences among groups and among composites were found for both of the properties that were studied. The ultrafine compact-filled composites (amalgam substitutes) exhibited the least linear displacement, followed by the polyacid-modified composites (compomers) and the ultrafine midway-filled composites, with statistically significant differences among all groups. The groups followed the same order in the polymerization force, with only the compomer-amalgam substitute comparison not being statistically significantly different. The simple linear regression showed that the two studied properties were also highly correlated (r=0.89).
Test case selection: Vital model for software maintenance

Skills and experiences of choosing the appropriate test cases to represent a test suite for the program modifications deal with steps of preparation, testing bugs and selection methods, while the smallest size is realized. There are selection methods present to solve these problems but the results can be improved to get the satisfied solution. Therefore, this paper prepares the algorithms for handling this situation by proposing the process of testing, demonstrating, removing and selecting the test cases with high efficiency. When compared with the traditional techniques, the proposed model gives better results of size reduction and percent efficiency approximately 44.28%, and 46.27% which are higher than random and regression test selection respectively. While the percentage of finding bugs is smaller than the comparative studies about an average 2.36 times.
Subharmonic direct frequency synthesizer for mode-1 MB-OFDM UWB system

This paper proposes a subharmonic direct frequency synthesizer (SH-DFS) for the hopping carrier generation in mode-1 MB-OFDM based UWB system. The SH-DFS employs octet phases of 2.244-GHz from a VCO to synthesize and the deviations at 528-MHz and 1.056-GHz acquired from a divide-by-17 semi-dynamic divider. The output stage with the switched functionalities between a subharmonic single sideband (SH-SSB) mixer and an edge combiner generates the designated tone. Realized in 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS technology, it occupies an active area of 1 /spl times/ 1 mm/sup 2/. The chip draws 34-mW power from a single supply at 1.8-V. The carrier output has the voltage swing larger than 700-mV/sub pp/ and the spurious tones are smaller than -20-dBc.
3D gesture interaction for handheld augmented reality

In this paper, we present a prototype for exploring natural gesture interaction with Handheld Augmented Reality (HAR) applications, using visual tracking based AR and freehand gesture based interaction detected by a depth camera. We evaluated this prototype in a user study comparing 3D gesture input methods with traditional touch-based techniques, using canonical manipulation tasks that are common in AR scenarios. We collected task performance data and user feedback via a usability questionnaire. The 3D gesture input methods were found to be slower, but the majority of the participants preferred them and gave them higher usability ratings. Being intuitive and natural was the most common feedback about the 3D freehand interface. We discuss implications of this research and directions for further work.
In vivo THz imaging of human skin: Accounting for occlusion effects

In this paper we show how the act of measuring skin in vivo using a standard terahertz reflection imaging system affects the terahertz response. We found that even 5 seconds occlusion by the imaging window caused subtle changes in the THz response. As the occlusion time increases, the skin's surface water content increases which causes the refractive index of the skin to increase. This in turn leads to a decay of the amplitude of the reflected THz signal. In this work, we examine and propose a model in time domain for the occlusion with the view to compensating for this unwanted effect.
Hybrid classification procedure using SVM with LR on two distinctive datasets

Traditionally, Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are used in classification and pattern recognition, which is also the case in Neural Networks and other learning algorithms. However, a major limitation is that when the training sets are imbalanced, SVM cannot perform satisfying results by the chosen kernel. To overcome this limitation, we propose a hybrid method which uses SVM linear kernel with Logistic Regression (LR) in different manner. The hybrid method is tested over two datasets. The results showed that the hybrid approach enables us to develop an efficient algorithm, which solves the problem with all imbalanced dataset training at one time. At the same time, when it is compared with SVM that uses Radial Basis Functions (RBF) and linear kernel, better accuracy estimations are achieved with promising results on classification compared with SVM that uses RBF and linear kernel.
The Prognostic Value of Post-Treatment Retinopathy after Panretinal Photocoagulation for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetes

Purpose To study the prognostic value of post-treatment retinopathy after panretinal laser photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is treated with panretinal photocoagulation, which significantly reduces the risk of visual loss from this complication. However, no parameters are presently known that can be used to define an optimal control interval after the initial panretinal photocoagulation treatment that ensures enhancement of the treatment in cases where this is needed. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, 85 eyes from 56 type 1 diabetic patients were identified who had been subjected to panretinal photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy before 1990. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 had four or fewer microaneurysms only at the first post-treatment examination whereas Group 2 had more retinopathy. Results At the first photographic examination after treatment the eyes in Group 1 had a significantly lower visual acuity (VA) (mean=0.23, range: 0.01–1.00) than the patients in Group 2 (mean=0.48, range: 0.01–1.6). During the follow-up period the VA was further reduced in Group 2 but not in Group 1. Three eyes out of six in Group 1 had improvement of VA from below to above 0.1, whereas 6 eyes out of 12 in Group 2 experienced progression of retinopathy with a consequent worsening of VA to below 0.1 after a mean of 10.8 years (range: 6.8–15.9) after treatment. Conclusions The severity of post-treatment retinopathy can be used to assess the need for enhancing photocoagulation of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetes. The interval between post-treatment examinations can be increased to several years when the initial treatment has reduced retinopathy to a minimal level.