Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Absence of peroxisomes in mouse hepatocytes causes mitochondrial and ER abnormalities

Peroxisome deficiency in men causes severe pathology in several organs, particularly in the brain and liver, but it is still unknown how metabolic abnormalities trigger these defects. In the present study, a mouse model with hepatocyte‐selective elimination of peroxisomes was generated by inbreeding Pex5‐loxP and albumin‐Cre mice to investigate the consequences of peroxisome deletion on the functioning of hepatocytes. Besides the absence of catalase‐positive peroxisomes, multiple ultrastructural alterations were noticed, including hepatocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia, smooth endoplasmic reticulum proliferation, and accumulation of lipid droplets and lysosomes. Most prominent was the abnormal structure of the inner mitochondrial membrane, which bore some similarities with changes observed in Zellweger patients. This was accompanied by severely reduced activities of complex I, III, and V and a collapse of the mitochondrial inner membrane potential. Surprisingly, these abnormalities provoked no significant disturbances of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and redox state of the liver. However, a compensatory increase of glycolysis as an alternative source of ATP and mitochondrial proliferation were observed. No evidence of oxidative damage to proteins or lipids nor elevation of oxidative stress defence mechanisms were found. Altered expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPAR‐α) regulated genes indicated that PPAR‐α is activated in the peroxisome‐deficient cells. In conclusion, the absence of peroxisomes from mouse hepatocytes has an impact on several other subcellular compartments and metabolic pathways but is not detrimental to the function of the liver parenchyma. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the HEPATOLOGY website (http://interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270‐9139/suppmat/index.html). (HEPATOLOGY 2005.)
Comparisons of Competence Training in Two Successful Clinical Psychology Programs

Clinical training programs at the Universities of Alabama and Kansas were selected for application of a Barker-type methodology on the basis of survey data indicating high percentages of competent students in internships over a 3-yr. period. One-day visits enabled labeling of the functional behavior settings, occupancy counts, and stream of behavior accounts. The data were organized with regard to an external definition of competency training. The Alabama training experience is program-centered, teaching-oriented, structured in sequence and content. The underlying academic value is that the program can provide a matrix of fundamental clinical knowledge and skill. The Kansas program, democratic and equalitarian, stresses a faculty-student sharing of learning-by-doing, constant evaluation, and responsibility. The program provides the model for individual professional autonomy.
The reactions of the blood vessels of the human calf to increases in transmural pressure

Following observations on dogs, cats and rabbits, Bayliss (1902) concluded that an increase in intravascular pressure, which increased the transmural pressure, acted as a mechanical stimulus to the smooth muscle cells in the walls of the vessels and resulted in a vasoconstriction, while a decrease in intravascular pressure led to a vasodilatation. These conclusions have been supported by the experiments of Folkow (1949, 1953) who has shown that in animals it is the resistance vessels which react in this way. Evidence is now accumulating that a similar mechanism operates in man (Patterson & Shepherd, 1954; Greenfield & Patterson, 1954; Wood, Litter & Wilkins, 1955; Coles & Greenfield, 1956; Patterson, 1956). This response of the peripheral blood vessels to changes in transmural pressure probably plays a part in the adjustment of the circulation to gravity. Observations in man have been confined to the forearm and hand. The responses of the resistance vessels in the leg to increases in transmural pressure are of greater interest, however, as these vessels are normally subjected to larger increases in pressure than those of the arm. In the present experiments, therefore, the blood flow through the human calf has been measured plethysmographically following exposure of the leg to subatmospheric pressures of the same order as those employed by Greenfield & Patterson (1954) on the arm. The results of some of these experiments have already been briefly described (Coles, Kidd & Patterson, 1956).
Regional clusters of innovative activity in Europe: are social capital and geographical proximity key determinants?

Finding proper policy instruments to promote productivity growth features prominently in the Europe 2020 strategy and is central in many national as well as European policy debates. In view of the increased mobility of high-skilled workers in Europe, ongoing globalization and increased interregional and international co-operation, location patterns of innovative activity may be subject to drastic changes. A proper understanding of location patterns of innovative outputs can enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of national and European placed-based innovation policies. Building on the literature on the knowledge production function, the aim of this article is to explain the observed differences in the production of innovative outputs across European regions. Our main research question is whether geographical proximity and social capital are important vehicles of knowledge transmission in Europe. Several other variables are used to control for structural differences across European regions. We find support for the hypothesis that both social capital and geographical proximity are important factors in explaining the observed differences in the production of innovative output across European regions.
The importance of soil microorganisms for maintaining diverse plant communities in tallgrass prairie.

UNLABELLED PREMISE OF THE STUDY According to the "Janzen-Connell hypothesis," soil microorganisms have the potential to increase plant community diversity by mediating negative feedback on plant growth. Evidence for such microbe-driven negative feedback has been found in a variety of terrestrial systems. However, it is currently unknown how general this phenomenon is within most plant communities. Also unknown is the role of mutualists in generating such feedback: do they decrease the influence of soil-mediated negative feedback on plant fitness or do they increase its effect by proliferating with plant hosts to which they give the least benefit? • METHODS We investigated soil-microbe-mediated feedback via a series of reciprocal transplant experiments in the greenhouse using soil from a restored tallgrass prairie and native tallgrass prairie plant species. • KEY RESULTS We found that negative feedback was very common but that mutualists (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) influence plant growth in opposition to the overall negative feedback trend. • CONCLUSIONS Widespread microbially mediated negative feedback indicates that plant community diversity and composition in tallgrass prairie are dependent on soil microorganisms. Native soil microorganisms should be considered in restoration efforts of tallgrass prairie and, potentially, other native plant communities.
Prevention of Diabetes by inhibition of Tyrosine Phosphatases

The increased inci.dence of obesity in recent decades is predicted to be followed by a corresponding increase in incidence of Type II diabetes ( I). Recent estimates predict that one-third of children born in 2000 will develop diabetes in their lifetime (2). Type II diabetes was once principally a disease affecting adults, but it has recently become a significant health problem for children also, and the incidence of diabetes in children is expected to increased unless preventative interventions can be developed (3, 4). Current therapies for diabetes focus on enhancing insulin secretion and improving insulin sensitivity (5). The targets of these treatments are well removed from the initial events in insulin signaling. The manuscript by Winter et al. (6), selected for the Best Paper Award in the Experimental Biology Category for 2005, characterizes a therapeutic compound that has effects on insulin signaling that are more direct. Their strategy targets the insulin receptor itself. When insulin binds to the ex-subunit of the insulin receptor, it disinhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of the psubunit of the insulin receptor (7). Although the insulin receptor phosphorylates other substrates to propagate insulin signaling, it also phosphorylates itself to further enhance its tyrosine kinase activity. Phosphotyrosine phosphatases
Robust system for road sign detection and recognition using template matching

In this paper, we have implemented and tested a system of detection and recognition of road signs. The approach taken in this work consists of two main modules: a sensor module, which is based on color segmentation and shape detection where we converted the images to the HSV color space, then labeled the detected regions and tested for their shape. A recognition module, Template Matching, whose role is to match the detected object with a priori models signs. Tests carried out on a set of RGB images taken by a traffic camera shows the performance of the system currently being developed. Finally, we did a comparison.
Efficacy of bolus insulin calculation by a mobile-based bolus advisor: An open label clinical trial

Background: We investigated the efficacy of a mobile-based bolus advisor app in comparison with the usual multiple daily injections (MDIs) in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: In a nonrandomized, controlled clinical trial, 62 diabetic patients were selected to receive a 12-week intensive glycemic control by either a mobile-based bolus advisor (app) or MDI in the usual manner. We compared mean blood glucose (BG) and HbA1c before and just after the treatment program. The data were analyzed using paired sample t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Fifty-six patients (30 cases and 26 controls) completed the study. The mean [standard deviation (SD)] of BG was 220.57 (43.7) and 231.5 (55) in the app group and control group, respectively. Mean BG decreased 38 mg/dL in the app and 16 mg/dL in the control group (P = 0.001 and 0.049 respectively). Changes of mean BG were different between the two groups significantly (P = 0.039). HbA1c decreased from 8.4% to 7.6% in the case and from 8.4% to 8% in the control group (P = 0.001 and 0.06, respectively). Changes of HbA1c were not different between the two groups (P = 0.141). The mean episodes of hypoglycemia were not different between the groups significantly (P = 0.108). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study revealed that mobile-based bolus advisors can reduce mean BG better in patients who are planned to have a tight glycemic control as a feasible and available method and may improve HbA1c in the long term.
The experiences and needs of persons with spinal cord injury who can walk

Purpose: The purpose was to explore the experiences and needs of persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) who can walk. Method: Thematic analysis was undertaken on the transcripts of semistructured interviews with 12 individuals who could walk following SCI. Results: Experiences shared across the group were related to walking in hospital and community settings, fatigue, frustration and invisible impairments. A need was identified for psychological support whilst in hospital and beyond. Professional and peer support following discharge from hospital were needed to assist with adjusting to their injury. Differences were noted between the experiences and needs of persons who had sustained their injury through a traumatic cause and persons who had sustained their injury through nontraumatic cause and the rehabilitation environment in which participants were hospitalized. Conclusion: The lived experiences of the general cohort in this small-scale study suggest that innovative strategies/programs be developed to address the needs of walkers within inpatient settings and following their discharge into the community. Programs should include self-help mental health strategies. Programs are required to better inform health professionals of the needs of this subset of the spinal cord injured population. Attention should be drawn particularly towards the needs of persons who had sustained their injury through nontraumatic cause. Implications for Rehabilitation Persons who walk following spinal cord injury, especially those who sustain a nontraumatic injury, need special consideration and interventions to address their needs. Peer support of walkers by walkers should be actively facilitated. Rehabilitation following both traumatic and nontraumatic spinal cord injuries is enhanced by access to spinal specific expertise. Consideration should be given to the development of national standards for the rehabilitation of persons with a spinal cord injury.
Quartz-fayalite-iron and quartz-fayalite-magnetite equilibria and the free energy of formation of fayalite (Fe 2 SiO 4 ) and magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 )

The quartz-fayalite-iron and quartz-fayalite-magnetite equilibria have been studied in the temperature range 1000-1400 and 1050-1300 K, respectively, using an electrochemical technique. The results are in excellent agreement with the calorimetric data on fayalite (Robie et al., 1982). For magnetite, the results demonstrate conclusively that there is no zero-point entropy and that the earlier heat-content measurements of Coughlin et al. (1951) should be preferred to the measurements by differential scanning calorimetry of Gronvold and Sveen (1974) above the Curie point. For quartz-fayalite-iron,
Functional Analysis of miR-34c as a Putative Tumor Suppressor in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer1

ABSTRACT Altered microRNA expression patterns are implicated in the formation of many human diseases, including ovarian cancer. Our laboratory previously created Dicerfl/fl/Ptenfl/fl/Amhr2cre/+ mice, which developed high-grade serous carcinomas originating from mouse fallopian tubes, while neither Dicerfl/fl/Amhr2cre/+ nor Ptenfl/fl/Amhr2cre/+ mice developed tumors. To explore miRNAs involved in the tumorigenesis in the double-knockout (DKO) mice, tumor cell lines were established from mouse primary tumors, and the most abundant miRNAs present in mouse normal fallopian tubes, let-7b and miR-34c, were expressed in these cell lines. We found that miR-34c had a more dramatic effect on inhibiting tumor cell viability than let-7b. The action of miR-34c induced tumor cell cycle arrest in G1 phase and apoptosis, and was accompanied with the regulation of key genes involved in cell proliferation and cell cycle G1/S transition. miR-34c suppressed the expression of Ezh2 and Mybl2, which may transcriptionally and functionally activate Cdkn1c. Furthermore, miR-34c levels are extremely low in human serous adenocarcinomas compared with human normal fallopian tubes. Expression of miR-34c in human ovarian cancer cells phenocopied its effects in DKO mouse tumor cells. However, miR-34b/c−/−/Ptenfl/fl/Amhr2cre/+ mice failed to develop high-grade serous carcinomas, implicating a combination of miRNAs in the tumorigenesis process. Thus, while miR-34c is a putative tumor suppressor in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma with potential therapeutic advantages, screening of additional miRNAs for their effects alone and in combination with miR-34c is highly warranted to uncover miRNAs that synergize with miR-34c against cancer.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Anoxygenic Filamentous Phototrophic Bacterium Oscillochloris trichoides subsp. DG-6

ABSTRACT Oscillochloris trichoides is a mesophilic, filamentous, photoautotrophic, nonsulfur, diazotrophic bacterium which is capable of carbon dioxide fixation via the reductive pentose phosphate cycle and possesses no assimilative sulfate reduction. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of Oscillochloris trichoides subsp. DG-6, the type strain of the species, which has permitted the prediction of genes for carbon and nitrogen metabolism and for the light-harvesting apparatus.
Alginate encapsulation of genetically engineered mammalian cells: comparison of production devices, methods and microcapsule characteristics.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE Microencapsulation is a novel method for in vivo immunoprotection of genetically engineered mammalian cells. This study aimed at optimizing alginate/poly-l-lysine/alginate (APA) microencapsulation of mammalian cells in small size (< 300 microm) hollow core microcapsules and at evaluating some of the physical characteristics of APA microcapsules produced by different devices and with different alginate preparations. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Alginate preparations with higher or lower viscosity were used with three different methods: (i) vibrating nozzle, (ii) coaxial gas flow extrusion (AirJet) and (iii) laminar jet break-up (JetCutter). Parameters and device settings for the production of microcapsules with specific characteristics were defined for all three methods. Mechanical stability of APA microcapsules and cell viability of encapsulated cells were investigated in long-term culture and in an animal model. MAIN RESULTS Uniform spherical beads with a mean diameter < 300 microm could be produced by all three encapsulation methods. For the production of uniform microcapsules with a small diameter (< 300 microm) the vibrating nozzle technique required a relatively low viscosity of alginate (< 0.2 Pa/s), while the AirJet and JetCutter devices performed equally well with alginate of higher viscosity. In all cases, alginate with a lower molar mass was inferior to higher molar mass alginate in terms of mechanical stability of the microcapsules. Microcapsules with optimized mechanical properties were injected intravascularly in rats and shown to maintain their shape and the viability of encapsulated cells. CONCLUSIONS The described methods and devices are able to produce APA microcapsules of small size and uniform shape which are mechanically stable in culture and may maintain the viability of the enclosed cells over extended periods of time. These microcapsules seem to be suitable for further therapeutic studies in an animal model of human disease.
Near maximum-likelihood detection with reduced-complexity for multiple-input single-output antenna systems

Maximum-likelihood (ML) detection is guaranteed to yield minimum probability of erroneous detection and is thus of great importance for both multiuser detection and space-time decoding. For multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems where the number of receive antennas is at least the number of signals multiplexed in spatial domain, ML detection can be done efficiently using sphere decoding or many suboptimal detectors are well known to have reasonable performance at low complexity. Nonetheless, it is much less understood on obtaining good detection at affordable complexity if there is less number of receive antenna than transmitted signals. In this paper, our aim is to develop an efficient decoding strategy that can achieve near-ML performance for multiple-input single-output (MISO) or generally asymmetric fat MIMO systems. Our method is based on the fact that geometrically, the ML point happens to be a point that is close to the decoding hyperplane in all directions. The fact that the point that is close in all directions is much less is used to devise an efficient decoding method that ensures exact-ML performance for MISO systems with real signaling. For complex constellations, it can be coped with by simple extension using the idea of sphere decoding. Simulation results demonstrate that significant complexity reduction can be obtained while achieving near-ML performance.
Mechanism of hilA Repression by 1,2-Propanediol Consists of Two Distinct Pathways, One Dependent on and the Other Independent of Catabolic Production of Propionate, in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

ABSTRACT A glycerol dehydrogenase gene was selected as a multicopy suppressor rescuing the reduced hilA expression in the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium cpxA mutant. A substrate of the enzyme, 1,2-propanediol, repressed hilA expression. The 1,2-propanediol-mediated repression at 150 mM, but not that at 300 mM, was abrogated by blocking the catabolism producing propionate from 1,2-propanediol.
Based on Tree Structure Group Key Management for Ad Hoc Networks

Tree-based group key agreement protocol that allows group members to compute the group key based on their individual contributions can provide verifiable trust relationship between participants in ad-hoc networks. We discuss the principles and structural features of three tree-based group key agreement protocols, and compare the communication and computation that generated by each protocol when their members are adding, leaving, merging or breaking up. The analysis and comparison results show that each tree-based group key agreement protocol is applicable to corresponding ad-hoc network. We also provide reference and technical support for application of more complicated tree structure in ad-hoc networks.
SLINK: An Optimally Efficient Algorithm for the Single-Link Cluster Method

Main point Sibson gives an O(n 2) algorithm for single-linkage clustering, and proves that this algorithm achieves the theoretically optimal lower time bound for obtaining a single-linkage dendrogram. This improves upon the naive O(n 3) implementation of single linkage clustering. A single linkage dendrogram is a tree, where each level of the tree corresponds to a different threshold dissimilarity measure h. The nodes of a dataset are grouped into " equivalence classes " c(h) at each level of the dendrogram, where two classes C i and C j are merged if there is a pair of " OTU's " (vertices) v i ∈ C i and v j ∈ C j such that the dissimilarity measure between v i and v j is less than h, or D(v i , v j) < h. For example, consider a set of 10 vertices v 1 ,. , v 10 for which the dissimilarity matrix D is given below, with D ij equal to the dissimilarity between v i and v j. Suppose we take four cutoff dissimilarity measures h 1 , h 2 , h 3 , h 4 and produce the dendrogram according to these thresholds. An example illustrating how the 10 vertices are grouped into equivalence classes at each level is shown in Figure 1. Since no dissimilarity is at or below 1, each vertex or " OTU " is its own equivalence class at the level corresponding to h 1 = 1. At the next level, however, we see that some classes have been merged together because several dissimilarity measures are below h 2 = 2. We can see that c(h 2) consists of 6 equivalence classes, c(h 3) has 3 equivalence classes, and c(h 4 = 4) aggregates all the vertices into one equivalence class. In single linkage clustering, the number of levels in the tree is determined by the nearest-neighbor criterion – at each level, at least one new merge is made between two clusters, and the merge is made for clusters C i and C j if the minimal distance between vertices v i ∈ C i and v j ∈ C j is the smallest such distance across all the clusters. In other words, the nearest neighbors between clusters C j and C i are found, and if these neighbors are closer than all the other nearest-neighbor pairs, then C i and C …