Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Template matching and machine learning-based robust facial expression recognition system using multi-level Haar wavelet

ABSTRACT Recognition of facial expressions is important in industrial automation, security, medical, and many other fields. An image is a very rich and high dimensional data structure, which can result into a considerable computation when processed upon directly. Various feature extraction techniques have been proposed to represent the images efficiently in lower dimension which is understandable by the computer. In this paper, we propose Multi-Level Haar wavelet-based approach, which extracts salient features from prominent face regions at two different scales. The approach first segments most informative geometric components such as eye, mouth, etc. using the Adaboost cascade object detector. Segmented components are divided in M × N regions and feature vector is obtained by concatenating local Haar features extracted from each region. Feature vector is projected in Linear Discriminant Analysis space to reduce its size. For classification, we used template matching (Chi-Square and Cosine measure) and machine learning techniques (Logistic Regression and Support Vector Machine). Performance of proposed method is evaluated on various well-known data-sets like CK, Japanese Female Facial Expression, and Taiwanese Facial Expression Image Database. Adaptability of the feature is also tested on in-house Web-Enabled Spontaneous Facial Expression Data-set (WESFED). Comparison with state of the art method shows the superiority of proposed method.
Exploring procedural justice and police legitimacy in South Africa

Perceptions of legitimacy are at the foundation of public mandates underlying criminal justice institutions, their legal authority, and public cooperation. This study explored perceptions of South African policing by members of a historically disadvantaged community, in terms of the procedural justice and their perceptions of police legitimacy. Participants comprised of a convenience sample of 399 young and adult black Africans from low socio-economic urban and rural communities (females = 28%; mean age = 23.4 years, SD = 6.03 years). They completed a self-report survey on procedural justice from a policing point of view. Descriptive analysis of the data suggested that community members perceive the police to be higher in distributive justice and lower in police legitimacy. Overall, the community members were marginally satisfied with the police services.
Debt Cycles in the World-Economy

Part 1 International financial relations as part of the world-system: structural features and long-term processes of the world-system a model of the dynamics of global debt cycles summary of hypotheses. Part 2 Empirical evidence of debt cycles on the global level of the world-system capital exports from the core foreign loans made by the periphery cyclical occurrence of global debt crises the pattern of debt settlements. Part 3 Case studies - debt histories of Peru, Liberia and Turkey: Peru - the classical case Liberia - an enclave economy at the extreme periphery Ottoman Empire/Turkey - from world empire to periphery.
Dynamic Trace-based Analysis of Vectorization Potential of Programs

Most modern processes, ranging from high performance desktop processors to power efficient mobile processors comes equipped with a SIMD vector unit. Further, with upcoming processors and GPUs the length of the vector registers continue to widen. Exploiting the vector units is no longer an option for programs aiming for high performance and efficiency. A lot of existing code bases are not written to exploit vectorization. Although modern compilers have good auto-vectorizers, static analysis is inherently limiting and does not uncover full vectorization potential of programs. Therefore a tool which identifies vectorization potential of existing programs is very useful. In this thesis, we describe an approach to identify vectorization potential of programs by analyzing the dynamic data dependency graph built using the execution trace of the program. By observing the runtime dependencies of the program and allowing any dependency preserving reordering, we uncover vectorization opportunities missed by compile time analyses. The description of the implementation details of the vectorization analysis tool is provided and then, vectorization metrics for a few benchmarks are measured and presented.
Exploring the criminology curriculum

There are calls across Higher Education to address deep structural inequalities withspecific concerns that the marginalisation of certain voices (female, colonised, nonwestern and LGBTQ+) has influenced and distorted the production of knowledge inrelation to key criminological topics and issues (Agozino, 2003; Cunneen and Rowe,2015; Connell, 2007). This article presents initial findings from a pilot study exploring the curriculum of anew criminology Bachelor of Arts degree programme at a post-92 English University.It provides a timely starting point, given the proliferation of HE criminology courses inthe UK, and suggests there is both increasing pressures to develop course materialand over-familiarisation and acceptance of dominant narratives in criminology. Thispaper serves as a call to action to critically engage with the sources used: in sodoing we put forward a simple ‘inclusivity matrix’ that can be used both whendesigning curricula and for teaching critical information literacy.
The Revision of a Marketing Course Using a Competency-Based Curriculum

Th is paper presents the process of reviewing a lato sensu postgraduate course in marketing oﬀ ered at a Brazilian business school. Changes were implemented to adapt the course to the job market demands. Th e results of the quantitative phase of the research showed that the course had many opportunities for improvement, especially regarding the course methodology. Th e results of the qualitative stage indicate an opportunity for improvement of the course contents by updating them and ensuring they adhere to professional practice. Th e redesign process of the course was based on the competency-based curriculum.
Management Model for Integrating Character Education Training in School Learning with the Spiral System

The implementation of the integration of character education in learning in schools in general has not shown the results of changes in student behavior as expected. This study aims to obtain a training management model for teachers in integrating character education in subjects with a spiral system. The design of the spiral system training model activities with the stages of planning, implementing and evaluating and reﬂecting the deepening of the concept. Likewise, repeated in depth like a spiral shape. The scope of this research and development research is teachers in the city of Semarang by sampling 20 teachers of various levels. The focus of research is the ability of teachers to integrate character education in subjects. Data was taken by observation, interviews and questionnaires and processed descriptively. Preliminary observation results obtained from factual models, where the teacher only attaches the character items to the syllabus and the learning design and evaluates the character evaluationaftercompletingthelearningbyﬁllinginthecharacterlist. Hypotheticmodel is obtained by planning which starts with needs analysis, setting goals, preparing learning tools by integrating each one of the Basic Competencies in learning 3 to 4 times face to face with the integration of focused one character value. Final evaluation is done by observing the implementation of learning that focuses on one character value. In this process reﬂection is done to improve and deepen the material such as a spiral system. The model test results are an example of a learning device that is valid (score 4.4 of the maximum score of 5), and the feasibility test in terms of the teacher’s ability test before and after the training has increased (Gain score 1). Thus, before teaching the concept material, the teacher really needs to integrate one character value from the fc ocus and evaluate and reﬂect.
A Cultural Study on Linguistic Metaphors of Love in Poetry

Language is one of the cultural factors. Love, an abstract concept is mainly interpreted by metaphors which are considered as part of culture. It is consequently inevitable that the linguistic metaphors of love are under the influence of culture. In this research, we centre on investigating cultural factors in linguistic metaphors of romantic love in Vietnamese modern poetry, and then compare them to those in English. It is shown in our findings that linguistic metaphors of romantic love are considerably influenced by lifestyles, habits and customs and geographical conditions. Therefore, there are many variations in the ways of expressing romantic love between Vietnamese and English although the conceptualization is chiefly similar.
Anxiety and depression in addiction: investigation at a Ser.D center

Background : Drug addiction is one of the main public health problems in the world. The present work was born because of the training activity carried out at the Ser.D center in Polistena (RC) in the A.A. 2017/2018. Through this survey, we tried to identify the levels of anxiety and depression in drug addicts. Methods: The method chosen for the following work is the investigation of the clinical literature and the analysis of various scientific articles in order to support the levels of anxiety and depression in drug addiction. Subsequently an accurate quantitative evaluation of the data collected by the operators between 1997 and 2017, that is the type of substance of abuse, social status, employment, marital status and the result of self-report on a sample of 730 subjects. Since the third interview with the psychotherapist of the center, patients have been subjected to the administration of the Zung scale for the assessment of depression (Zung, 1965) and of the ASQ scale (Krug et al., 1978) for the evaluation of anxiety disorder. Results : The subjects obtained medium-high level of anxiety and depression. In particular, in depressed drug addicts and alcoholics showed a high depressive symptomatology in which the somatic and emotional area is more compromised. The anxiety symptoms are generally high, especially in subjects who are both drug addicts and alcoholics. Conclusions: The results obtained could help to extend the current clinical studies on this phenomenon and encouraged various operative treatments, especially of a cognitive behavioral approach.
Defect Edge Detection on CT Images of the Grain in Solid Rocket Motor

Defects in the grain of solid rocket motor (abbreviated grain) will seriously affect the safety of remote fire strikes weapons, industrial CT testing is currently the most effective nondestructive test for solid rocket motor. Edge detection of defects on CT images of grain is a crucial step in the safety analysis of solid rocket motor. The existing edge detection algorithms for the defects in CT images of grain are mainly based on spatial domain operations, but the defect size in the CT images is not constant and many noises are included. The first derivative, second derivative edge detection operators in spatial domain operations are greatly affected by noise, which needs to be balanced between noise reduction and edge accuracy, and detection is not good for defects with smaller size. In this paper, we address these shortcomings based on the frequency domain approach. The grain images were subjected to wavelet transform to extract edge information. Experimental results show that it has high detection accuracy, and noise reduction is better, which avoids the contradiction between noise reduction effect and precision requirement.
‘My children are my world’: Raising the voices of birth mothers with substantial experience of counselling following the loss of their children to adoption or foster care

There is very little published literature on ‘what works’ in terms of support for birth mothers following the loss of their children to compulsory adoption or foster care. The aim of this article is to raise the voices of a group of birth mothers, a historically stigmatised, powerless and neglected group, with substantial experience of counselling following the loss of a child. A user of services and expert by experience was recruited to join the research team and was consulted at all stages of the research process. Five birth mothers were interviewed regarding their experiences of involvement with a counselling service for birth relatives post-child removal. These interviews were systematically analysed using an IPA methodology through the lens of the research question: What are the experiences of birth mothers who engage in person-centred counselling following the loss of a child or children to compulsory adoption or foster care? Three master themes were constructed from the data: ‘From feeling alone, judged and let down … to feeling part of a special relationship’, ‘The healing process’ and ‘My children are my world’. The clinical invitations extended by these findings are discussed.
Purposefulness of Improvement of Convict Re-socialisation Implemented in the Remand Prison from the Perspective of the Personnel Engaged in the Process

Imprisonment establishments face a challenge to prepare a convict for social integration into society. The presented research is based on assumptions provided by scientists who suppose that single quantitative indicators are not sufficient to measure effectiveness of convict re-socialisation being implemented in imprisonment institutions; it is worth investigating subjective opinions of participants of the process, too. A qualitative research employing a semi-structured interview has been conducted in Šiauliai Remand Prison in 2017; the results of it demonstrate the following: personnel working in social rehabilitation divisions notice changes, progress in the system of implementation of punishment, support the policy of modernisation of imprisonment establishments; however, they lack systematic approach, compliance with the deadlines in implementation of the programmes, observe the problems of workload of the personnel and the lack of competences, environments required for implementation of individualised social rehabilitation of convicts.
Personality, Classroom Behavior, and Student Ratings of College Teaching Effectiveness: A Path Analysis.

This study tested the hypothesis that classroom teaching behavior mediates the relation typically found between personality and college teaching effectiveness. Colleagues rated 37 full-time college instructors on 29 personality traits, and trained observers assessed the frequency with which the same instructors exhibited 95 specific classroom teaching behaviors. Instructional effectiveness was measured by global end-of-term student ratings averaged over a 5-year period. Path analyses revealed that approximately 50% of the relation between personality and teaching effectiveness was mediated by classroom behavior. Results are discussed in terms of the validity of student ratings of teaching and in relation to Dunkin and Biddle's (1974) model of classroom teaching.
Are the Walls Really Down? Perceptions Regarding Minority Leadership Challenges and Opportunities.

In this qualitative study, we investigated the perceptions of 13 faculty members and leaders of color, from different nationalities, and at three universities in the United States of America regarding minority leadership challenges and opportunities. The aim of the research was to identify obstacles that lead to discouraging and isolating faculty and leaders of colors, and opportunities that enhance the working and life satisfaction of these faculty and leaders. Findings suggested that: (1) race still matters in the hiring, employment, and work environment for faculty and leaders of color; (2) the term ‘special opportunities’ are just some fancy/showy words that do not actually represent opportunities for faculty and leaders of color; and (3) more efforts are needed in embracing social justice in faculty hiring policies. Findings and implementations suggest ways that universities can break the racial walls and enhance diversity.
Investigating the energy efficiency gap in shipping

The term ‘energy efficiency gap’ refers to the difference between the actual lower levels of implementation of energy efficiency measures and the higher level that would appear to be costbeneficial or cost-effective from the consumers or firms point of view based on techno-economic analysis (Brown 2001). The gap can be attributed modelling artefacts (e.g. input assumptions), rational behaviour by actors (e.g. cost of capital) and existence of market failures (e.g. split incentives) that are not adequately captured in the modelling. A thorough analysis of the market barriers and failures can be found in Rehmatulla (2014) and Rehmatulla & Smith (2015a).
Saliency Map Generation

: Saliency Map is the process of distinguishing the pixels from its neighboring pixels. Saliency Map plays a vital role in many computer vision and image processing applications. This paper briefs the effective use of Saliency Map in Automobile applications. There are many individual algorithm like pedestrian detection, sign board detection, lane detection, traffic board detection algorithm and so on, but the computational time will be more. Saliency Map acts as an intermediate stage and reduce the computational time. Bottom-up approach is used to extract the saliency of an image. Graph based SLIC segmentation is used to segment the foreground object from the background.
A Literature Review on Recommender Systems Algorithms, Techniques and Evaluations

One of the most crucial issues, nowadays, is to provide personalized services to each individual based on their preferences. To achieve this goal, recommender system could be utilized as a tool to help the users in decision-making process offering different items and options. They are utilized to predict and recommend relevant items to end users. In this case an item could be anything such as a document, a location, a movie, an article or even a user (friend suggestion). The main objective of the recommender systems is to suggest items which have great potential to be liked by users. In modern recommender systems, various methods are combined together with the aim of extracting patterns in available datasets. Combination of different algorithms make prediction more convoluted since various parameters should be taken into account in providing recommendations. Recommendations could be personalized or non-personalized. In non-personalized type, selection of the items for a user is based on the number of the times that an item has been visited in the past by other users. However, in the personalized type, the main objective is to provide the best items to the user based on her taste and preferences. Although, in many domains recommender systems gained significant improvements and provide better services for users, it still requires further research to improve accuracy of recommendations in many aspects. In fact, the current available recommender systems are far from the ideal model of the recommender system. This paper reviews state of art in recommender systems algorithms and techniques which is necessary to identify the gaps and improvement areas. In addition to that, we provide possible solutions to overcome shortages and known issues of recommender systems as well as discussing about recommender systems evaluation methods and metrics in details.
Mental illness and stigma from a socioeconomic perspective

Background: The stigma associated with mental illness has a detrimental impact on a range of outcomes for those who experience it. Further to this, repeated attempts to address the health and social inequalities associated with mental illness have had limited success and these remain entrenched. Such patterns of marginalisation may be exacerbated by difficult economic circumstances. The thesis aims to explore the relationship between socioeconomic factors and the stigma associated with mental illness, with particular reference to the post-2007 recession context in the UK and Europe. Methods: A mixed methods approach was used incorporating three studies. Interviews with welfare claimants experiencing mental illness and an administrative data analysis investigated the impact of recent UK welfare reforms in relation to experiences of stigma and disadvantage. A cross-national European analysis explored the relationship between socioeconomic factors and attitudes towards people with mental illness. Findings: Interviewees (n=18) described feeling stigmatised, disempowered and financially disadvantaged by their experiences of the UK welfare system. Analysis of administrative data on claimants revealed that people with mental illnesses are around 2.40 (95% CI: 2.36, 2.44) times more likely to be considered ineligible for extra-cost disability payments than people with other health conditions following recent reforms. European data suggests that individual financial difficulties, greater income inequality and a higher disability poverty and social exclusion gap are key socioeconomic factors that associated with less tolerant attitudes towards people with mental illnesses. Conclusion: Taken together, the findings suggest that micro and macro level economic factors are implicated in stigma and can contribute to climates of tolerance or disadvantage for people with mental illnesses. Extending the parity of esteem agenda to other institutions such the welfare system may assist with addressing some of these inequalities, alongside greater recognition of the role of socioeconomic factors and power in perpetuating stigma and disadvantage.
Allowing State Changes in Specifications February 25, 2006

Stevens Institute of TechnologyHoboken, NJ USAAbstract. We provide a static analysis (using both dataﬂow analysis and theo-rem proving) to allow state changes within speciﬁcations. This can be used forspeciﬁcation languages that share the same expression sub-language with an im-plementation language so that method calls can appear in preconditions, postcon-ditions, and object invariants without violating the soundness of the system.
Applying behavioral economics insights at the workplace

Behavioral economics insights are widely applied by policymakers worldwide, but the private sector seems to be still not fully embracing them. This opens up a new research field and there is a salient call among researchers and practitioners for accumulation of evidence-based nudge interventions at the workplace. This paper reviews studies that apply behavioral economics insights in an organizational setting. The reviewed workplace interventions are based on reminders, default nudges, implementation intentions and priming. There are important take-home messages for human resource practitioners from this relatively novel research stream which has already helped policymakers improve individual and societal welfare worldwide.
Sadness empathy facilitates prosocial lying

We investigated whether sadness empathy influences prosocial lying. The 139 participants were randomly assigned based on gender to 2 groups according to the event that they read about—sadness empathy priming or neutral—and they then completed a deception game and 2 empathy scales. The results showed that participants' prosocial lying frequency was higher in the sadness empathy-priming condition than the neutral event condition. The perspective-taking component of trait empathy moderated the event's main effect; however, there were no significant gender differences in prosocial lying frequency, and both men and women who experienced another's sadness told prosocial lies to show benevolence. The facilitating effect emerged only in those who had a greater ability to take another person's perspective. The findings indicate that people with sadness empathy, especially those with a strong perspective-taking ability, express their kindness by means of prosocial lying when they communicate with a sad person.