Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anti-inflammatory and anti-chemotactic effects of dietary flaxseed oil on CD8(+) T cell/adipocyte-mediated cross-talk.

SCOPE CD8(+) T cell/adipocyte paracrine interactions represent a critical step in the development of the obese inflammatory phenotype that is disrupted by long-chain n-3 PUFA. Our objective was to determine the effect of flaxseed-derived n-3 PUFA (α-linolenic acid) on these paracrine interactions. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 mice were fed 3.5% flaxseed oil (FX) + 3.5% corn oil diet w/w or an isocaloric 7% corn oil w/w control diet (CON) for 3 wk. 3T3-L1 adipocytes and purified primary splenic CD8(+) T cells were cocultured at an obese cellular ratio (10% CD8(+) T cells) and LPS-stimulated (10 ng/mL mimicking obese circulating endotoxin levels) for 24 h. FX cocultures reduced (i) secreted IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α), and RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) levels; (ii) activation of inflammatory transcription factors NFκB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell) p65 and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3); and (iii) RAW264.7 macrophage chemotaxis versus CON (p ≤ 0.05). Coculture of pre-inflamed adipocytes (10 ng/mL LPS, 24 h prior to CD8(+) T-cell addition) resulted in reduced secretion of IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, MCP-3, MIP-1β, and RANTES in FX cocultures versus CON (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION FX exerts an anti-chemotactic and anti-inflammatory effect on CD8(+) T cell/adipocyte paracrine interactions (cross-talk), which has the potential to mitigate macrophage chemotaxis which drives components of the obese phenotype.
Polarization shaped duobinary transmission scheme

We present a novel duobinary transmission scheme exhibiting a symmetrical eye degradation and tolerance to chromatic dispersion and fiber nonlinear effects. Simulations show that the maximum attainable dispersion-limited transmission distance for 10-Gb/s data over standard single-mode fiber can be extended to 160 km for a 1-dB eye closure penalty. We compare the performance of this scheme with phase-shaped duobinary transmission, and conclude that in a practically realizable system, polarization-shaped duobinary will perform better.
Treatment Compliance and Outcome in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Exposure and ritual prevention (EX/RP) is an effective treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), although it is neither universally nor completely helpful. Compliance with EX/RP treatment procedures has been linked theoretically to posttreatment outcome, yet empirical exploration of this relationship has been insufficient. In this study, therapists were asked to rate the treatment compliance of 28 consecutive patients who received EX/RP on a fee-for-service basis. Results indicated that understanding the treatment rationale and compliance with insession and homework exposure instructions, but not with ritual prevention and self-monitoring of rituals, was significantly related to posttreatment OCD symptom severity. Clinical implications of these findings and future directions in treatment compliance research with OCD patients are discussed.
The gastric secretion of drugs: a pH partition hypothesis.

Parenterally administered drugs are secreted directly into the gastric juice. The concentration ratio (concentration of drug in gastric juice divided by concentration in plasma) depends on the dissociation constant of the drug. Thus strong acids appear in gastric juice in negligible concentration, weak acids and weak bases in measurable amount and stronger bases in highest concentration. The stronger bases appear in a limiting concentration ratio of about 40 to 1 when gastric juice flow is maximal, the limitation apparently being due to complete clearance by the gastric mucosa. The pattern of drug secretion can be explained by the concept that the membrane separating plasma from gastric juice has the characteristics of a lipoid membrane that allows the passage of drugs in their undissociated form while restricting passage of dissociated form.
Practical formulation of the extended Wick's theorem and the Onishi formula.

The extended Wick's theorem for fermion operators, which is used to compute matrix elements of an arbitrary operator between two different quasiparticle vacuums, is reformulated to deal with quasiparticle vacuums expanded in a finite single particle basis not closed under the canonical transformation relating them. A new expression for the overlap of those quasiparticle vacuums is also given.
A computational model of reach decisions in the primate cerebral cortex

Neurophysiological evidence suggests that visually-guided reaching movements are produced through specification and selection processes that overlap both temporally and anatomically (Cisek and Kalaska, 2005). Here, the author presents a formal computational model which demonstrates how partial specification of several potential movement directions, and the selection of the correct movement, can occur in populations of directionally tuned cells in a distributed cortical network including posterior parietal, premotor, prefrontal, and primary motor cortex. The model reproduces a large set of neurophysiological and psychophysical phenomena, including the behavior of cortical cells during a reach decision task and the spatial and temporal statistics of human reaching choices.
Vascular imaging of the foot: the first step toward endovascular recanalization.

In the past 5 years, with the introduction of new techniques and dedicated materials, endovascular recanalization of distal tibial and pedal vessels has become a valid alternative to inframalleolar bypass for limb salvage in patients with severe arterial occlusive disease, particularly diabetics. Revascularization of the foot is now often performed by using percutaneous transluminal angioplasty; over a 4-year period, the authors performed more than 2500 antegrade interventional procedures in patients with critical limb ischemia, diabetes, and infrainguinal arterial disease. Intraprocedural angiography of the foot is crucial for successful planning and guidance of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in tibial and pedal arteries, and its effective use requires both anatomic knowledge and technical skill. To select the best revascularization strategy and obtain optimal clinical results, interventional radiologists, cardiologists, and vascular surgeons performing below-the-knee endovascular procedures also must be familiar with the functional aspects of circulation in the foot. Supplemental material available at http://radiographics.rsna. org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/rg.316115511/-/DC1.
Staying Ahead in the Innovation Race : New-Product Introductions and Relative Firm Value

While product innovation is a key contributor to long-term firm performance, newproduct failure rate remains high, especially in the face of intense competition. Therefore, marketers need a better understanding of how and why firms benefit from new product activity relative to industry competitors. Which types of innovations have the greatest impacts on relative firm value? In particular, which innovation, brand, firm and market characteristics influence the long-term performance effects of new product introductions? This paper addresses these questions with a large-scale empirical study on newproduct introductions in the economically important automobile industry. First, vectorautoregressive models quantify the over-time impact of product introductions and promotional incentives on relative financial performance and firm value. Second, weighted least squares regression assesses the moderating role of innovation, brand, firm, and market characteristics. A key finding is that new-product introductions can be managed strategically for competitive advantage in investor markets. Indeed, their relative performance impact is higher in growth categories, and especially for pioneering innovations that are highly advertised. In contrast, sales promotions do not offer such strategic benefits, as we find no meaningful moderators of their impact on relative market value.
Integrative Modeling and Analysis of High-throughput Biological Data

Computational biology is an interdisplinary field that focuses on developing mathematical models and algorithms to interpret biological data so as to understand biological problems. With current high-throughput technology development, different types of biological data can be measured in a large scale, which calls for more sophisticated computational methods to analyze and interpret the data. In this dissertation research work, we propose novel methods to integrate, model and analyze multiple biological data, including microarray gene expression data, protein-DNA interaction data and protein-protein interaction data. These methods will help improve our understanding of biological systems. First, we propose a knowledge-guided multi-scale independent component analysis (ICA) method for biomarker identification on time course microarray data. Guided by a knowledge gene pool related to a specific disease under study, the method can determine disease relevant biological components from ICA modes and then identify biologically meaningful markers related to the specific disease. We have applied the proposed method to yeast cell cycle microarray data and Rsf-1-induced ovarian cancer microarray data. The results show that our knowledge-guided ICA approach can extract biologically meaningful regulatory modes and outperform several baseline methods for biomarker identification. Second, we propose a novel method for transcriptional regulatory network identification by integrating gene expression data and protein-DNA binding data. The approach is built upon a multi-level analysis strategy designed for suppressing false positive predictions. With this strategy, a regulatory module becomes increasingly significant as more relevant gene sets are formed at finer levels. At each level, a twostage support vector regression (SVR) method is utilized to reduce false positive predictions by integrating binding motif information and gene expression data; a significance analysis procedure is followed to assess the significance of each regulatory
The relationship between self-efficacy and transition to work or studies in young adults with disabilities

Aim: To investigate perceived self-efficacy in unemployed young adults with disabilities, and the association between self-efficacy and transition to work or studies. Methods: This prospective cohort study collected data through self-report questionnaires and registry data from a vocational rehabilitation project with young adults, aged 19–29 years. The Swedish Social Insurance Agency, the Swedish Public Employment Service and the participating municipalities identified potential participants for the study. A total of 531 participants were included in the study, of which 249 (47%) were available for analysis. Multinomial logistic regression models were carried out to estimate the associations between self-efficacy, demographic (age, country of birth, education level), health and employment status. The latter was coded as: ‘no transition to work or studies’, ‘transition to studies’, and ‘transition to work’. Results: A higher level of self-efficacy was associated with increased odds for ‘transition to work’ (OR = 2.37, p < 0.05). This finding remained consistent when adjusting for possible confounders. The mean value of self-efficacy was low, and participants with lower self-efficacy reported worse self-rated health (p < 0.001) compared to participants with higher self-efficacy. Conclusions: The results from this study suggest that self-efficacy should be addressed in the vocational rehabilitation of young adults with disabilities in order to support their transition and integration into the labour market.
Rye ReceptorsAEnhancement of GABA Modulation of Vigilance in the Primary Hypersomnias by Endogenous

in fewer than 100 years. −− hypersomnia should help scientists discover new ''kisses'' that restore wakefulness substance in CSF that augments inhibitory GABA signaling. A deeper understanding of the neurobiology of primary The current study suggests that one of the ''spindle pricks'' that puts hypersomnolent subjects to sleep is a Together, these mechanistic studies pinpoint a potential new neuropharmacological pathway for a 25-year-old drug. domain of GABA receptors. Most importantly, flumazenil restored vigilance in some hypersomnolent subjects. drug is known to be a competitive antagonist of BZD and blocks BZD action by binding to the classical BZD-binding the BZD receptor antagonist flumazenil reversed hypersomnolent-CSF activation of GABA signaling, even though the Furthermore, in human brain tissue, suggesting that the newly identified substance functions by a distinct mechanism. binding Hypersomnolent CSF samples mimicked the effects of BZD on GABA receptors but did not compete with BZD GABA receptors are known to bind a class of psychoactive sedating drugs called benzodiazepines (BZDs). inhibitory neurotransmitter that stimulates GABA receptors, quells consciousness, and induces sleep. an −− -aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors only in the presence of GABA γ stimulates the in vitro function of selected from these hypersomnolent subjects contains a small (500 to 3000 daltons) trypsin-sensitive substance that drunkenness'' even after prolonged, deep, nonrestorative sleep. The authors showed that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) A disabling condition, primary hypersomnia is characterized by lethargy, trance-like states, and ''sleep hypersomnias, the neurobiology that underlies sleepiness of unknown etiology. begin to illuminate, in patients with primary et al and neither the cause nor a cure is apparent. Now, Rye is no fairy tale, −− hypersomnolence −− Sleeping Beauty was awakened with a kiss. But persistent daytime sleepiness A spindle prick on the finger, and Princess Aurora couldn't keep her eyes open; one hundred years later, Awake and Refreshed
Manipulative hand gesture recognition using task knowledge for human computer interaction

The paper presents a system recognizing manipulative hand gestures like grasping, moving, holding an object with both hands, and extending or shortening of the object in the virtual world using task knowledge. The authors use two kinds of task knowledge. One is represented by a state transition diagram, each state of which indicates possible gestures at the next moment. Image features obtained from extracted hand regions are used to judge state transition. When one uses a gesture recognition system, one sometimes moves the hands unintentionally. To solve this problem, the system has a rest state in the state transition diagram. All unintentional actions are considered as taking a rest and ignored. In addition, the system can recognize collaborative gestures with both hands. They are expressed in a single state so that the complexity in combination of gestures of each hand can be avoided. The second type of knowledge is the situational knowledge to help a user to relieve his/her burden of specifying details about the selection of a target object and the positional relationships of the objects. The vision system can give only limited spatial resolution. Thus, indicating exact position by hand gestures alone is sometimes difficult. This knowledge assists the user in such cases. They have realized an experimental human interface system. Operational experiments show promising results.
Psychological Responses to Acute Resistance Exercise in Men and Women Who Are Obese

Levinger, I, Goodman, C, Hare, DL, Jerums, G, Morris, T, and Selig, S. Psychological responses to acute resistance exercise in men and women who are obese. J Strength Cond Res 23(5): 1548-1552, 2009-The purpose of the study was to investigate the psychological response to the very first session of resistance exercise on positive well-being (PWB), psychological distress (PD), and perception of fatigue in untrained men and women who are obese. Forty-five (male = 22, female = 23) untrained, middle-aged volunteers (mean ± SEM, 51.0 ± 1.0; range, 40-69 years) participated in the study. Participants were divided into 4 groups according to sex and obesity level (i.e., men who are obese, men who are nonobese, women who are obese, women who are nonobese). The threshold for obesity was defined as waist circumference ≥94 cm for men and 80 cm for women. Measures included body composition, aerobic power, muscle strength, and quality of life (Short Form 36, SF-36). Before and after resistance exercise, participants completed the Subjective Exercise Experience Scale (SEES). Paired sample t-tests were used to assess changes in SEES scores within group pre- and post-exercise and repeated-measures analysis of variance were used to assess changes in SEES scores between groups. Exercise increased the perception of PWB in both women who are obese and nonobese, without changes in PD or fatigue. In women, the change in PWB after exercise was negatively correlated with most scales of the SF-36, particularly with the mental health dimension (r = −0.55, p < 0.01). No significant changes in PWB, PD, or fatigue were found in men who are obese. Acute resistance exercise improved PWB in women who are obese and nonobese and those with lower self-perceived quality of life scores at the start improved the most. In addition, resistance exercise did not increase feelings of distress in either women or men who are obese.
The Effect of Growth and Development on the Composition of Mammals

It is a well-known fact that the chemical composition of an animal body is not fixed and constant, but changes throughout life from conception until death. During the active growing period the percentage of fat generally increases, while the percentage of water decreases. I t has been suggested (Moulton, 1923) that, if the fat-free composition is considered, there comes a point when the concentrations of water, protein and ash become more or less stationary and after which no further appreciable changes take place. Moulton described this as the state of ‘chemical maturity’. Workers in many different fields have traced these changes in composition. von Hezold (1857, 18j8), one of the first to be interested in the subject, investigated the chemical composition not only of mammals, but also of birds, amphibians, fish and Crustacea at various stages of development, and from his findings he was able to make generalizations which are just as true to-day as they seemed to him nearly IOO years ago. IIe found that in mammals, birds and amphibians there was a decrease in the percentage of water until full maturity, and an increase in organic material which was most rapid in the first period after birth or hatching. He also found that the fixed base per unit of body-weight was the same for all vertebrates, that the ratios of potassium to sodium, and of phosphorus to calcium and magnesium in adult animals were very similar, and that growth, both before birth and after, involved a great increase in the concentration of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and iron in all species. lnaba (191 I ) also analysed a number of different types of animal life, including newborn and adult mice and rats. I Ie came to the conclusion that animals similar morphologically have a similar composition and that warm-blooded animals have a greater proportion of fat in their bodies than those which are cold-blooded. ‘l’he chemical composition of the rat has received much attention. Hatai (1917) and Chanutin (1931) analysed rats at various stages of growth from birth to maturity for water, protein, fat and ash. The increment of dry matter in the rat was measured by 1,owrey ( 1 9 1 3 ) ~ and the effects of different diets on the composition of males and females were studied by Deucl, Flallman, hlovitt, Mattson & Wu (1944). Changes in the chemical composition of the pig with increasing weight and age were described by Ellis & Hankins (1925), Mitchell & Hamilton (1929), Scott ( I ~ o ) , NIcMeekan (7940, 1941) and Callow (1948). Hutchinson (1947a, b ) and Hutchinson & Raker (1949) made a detailed investigation of the effect of various diets on the proportions of protein, fat and dry matter in the bodies of domestic rabbits; they showed that, although the growth curves were similar whether the animals were reared on weeds or on potatoes and hay, the bodies of the potato-fed group contained much more
Three-dimensional numerical simulation of the deformation and the aggregation of human red blood cells

To investigate the deformation and aggregation of the RBCs numerically, mathematical model was established by coupling the interaction between the fluid and the deformable solids. The model includes: 1) A three-dimensional Finite Volume Method solver (CgLes) for incompressible viscous fluid; 2) The combined finite-discrete element method for compute deformation of the RBCs; 3) A JRK model to take account of the adhesion force between different RBCs; and 4) An iterative direct-forcing immersed boundary method to couple the fluid-solid interactions. The computational model was fully verified against published experimental data and the results show good agreement between experimental and simulation results on both the deformation and the adhesion of the RBCs. After verifications of our model, large scale simulations with 49,512 RBCs in a shear flow (with Haematocrit of 45%) were carried out on High Performance Computers. Simulation results were compared with experimental results and the agreement is favourable. Both the experiment and the simulation show uniform distribution of the RBCs under high shear rate (100/s) and large aggregation structures under low shear rate (10/s).
Physical and perceptual-cognitive demands of top-class refereeing in association football

The aim of this study was to examine the physical and perceptual-cognitive demands imposed on UEFA top-class referees and assistant referees during the final round of the Euro 2000 Championship. To investigate the physical workload, the heart rates during matches were monitored by short-range radio telemetry and translated to different workloads expressed as a percentage of maximal heart rate. For measurement of the perceptual-cognitive workload, video-recordings of games were used to obtain the average number of observable decisions taken by a referee. On average, referees and assistant referees performed the matches at 85±5% and 77±7% of their maximal heart rate, respectively. Over the 31 games, the mean number of observable decisions was 137 (range 104–162), 64% of which were based on communication with the assistant referees and/or the fourth official. To optimize the physical preparation of top-class match officials, the results of this study support the application of intensive and intermittent training sessions, which should place priority on high-intensity aerobic stimuli. In addition, video training is discussed as an additional method for improving match officials' decision making.
Low-power and area efficient binary coded decimal adder design using a look up table-based field programmable gate array

The binary coded decimal (BCD) system is suitable for digital communication, which can be designed by field programmable gate array (FPGA) technology, where look up table (LUT) is one of the major components of FPGA. In this study, the authors proposed a low power and area efficient LUT-based BCD adder which is constructed basically in three steps: First, a new technique is introduced for the BCD addition to obtain the correct BCD digit. Second, a new controller circuit of LUT is presented which is designed to select and send Read/Write voltage to memory cell for performing Read or Write operation. Finally, a compact BCD adder is designed using the proposed LUT. Their proposed 2-input LUT outperforms the existing best one providing 65.8% improvement in terms of area, 44.1% for Read operation and 43.5% for Write operation in power consumption. The proposed BCD adder using FPGA gains a radical achievement compared with the existing best-known LUT-based BCD adder providing prominent better performance of 65.6% in area and 48.3% less power consumption.