Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statistical variability study of random dopant fluctuation on gate-all-around inversion-mode silicon nanowire field-effect transistors

Random dopant fluctuation effects of gate-all-around inversion-mode silicon nanowire field-effect transistors (FETs) with different diameters and extension lengths are investigated. The nanowire FETs with smaller diameter and longer extension length reduce average values and variations of subthreshold swing and drain-induced barrier lowering, thus improving short channel immunity. Relative variations of the drain currents increase as the diameter decreases because of decreased current drivability from narrower channel cross-sections. Absolute variations of the drain currents decrease critically as the extension length increases due to decreasing the number of arsenic dopants penetrating into the channel region. To understand variability origins of the drain currents, variations of source/drain series resistance and low-field mobility are investigated. All these two parameters affect the variations of the drain currents concurrently. The nanowire FETs having extension lengths sufficient to prevent dopant p.
Dual polarization fiber grating laser accelerometer

A novel fiber optic accelerometer based on the integration of dual polarization fiber grating laser with cantilever-mass element is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The applied acceleration is converted into a change in the beat frequency between the two polarization modes from the fiber laser. This new type of accelerometer has advantages of high sensitivity, absolute frequency encoding, capability to multiplex a number of sensors on a single fiber, and capability of separately tailoring the response sensitivity and natural frequency.
Data-Driven Methods for Classification of Driving Styles in Buses

Fuel consumption and vehicle breakdown depend upon the driving style of the driver, for example, hard driving style leads to more wear and consequently more failures of vehicle components. Because of this, it is important to identify and classify the driver’s driving style in order to give the driver feedback through a driver assistance system. The driver would then be able to detect and learn to avoid a driving style that is not appropriate. The input data is provided by different sensors installed in the vehicle, where different drivers and driving routes have been measured. The data is subjectively classified into two different driving styles: normal and hard. Hard driving style can be characterized, for example, by rapid acceleration and braking. Since it is not trivial to build a model which is able to distinguish hard driving from normal, a data mining approach has been employed. In the paper, several classifiers are compared (including e.g. neural networks and decision trees) and a discussion is made on the advantages and disadvantages of the different methods.
General approach for Nth-order dispersive material

In some recent publications, formulations of a time-domain beam propagation method (TD-BPM) were developed to incorporate dispersive media with complex permittivity described by a single first-order pole or a modified version thereof. However, for many emerging optical applications, procedures are needed for general linear dispersive media with dispersions described by rational functions, such as a combination of multiple second-order poles. The authors present an efficient frequency-dependent full-band TD-BPM formulation for the analysis of general linear dispersive media. In this method, the complex time-domain convolution of the dispersive media is evaluated efficiently via a Z-transform. The formulation is validated by simulating dispersive media with complex permittivity described by single and multiple second-order poles at microwave and optical frequencies. It is shown that the proposed formulation can accurately simulate broadband electromagnetic responses using a much larger time-step size than those required by other conventional numerical techniques. Extension of this formulation to the treatment of any general material, such as dispersive non-linear material, is straightforward.
THE PORTFOLIO OF EVIDENCE IN THE COMPETENCY-BASED EDUCATIONAL MODEL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF GUANAJUATO

In a teaching-learning process, it is essential that the evaluation is summative and formative, from an analytical and holistic basis so that the process is comprehensive and integrates the work that the student has developed throughout the course, for example, a portfolio of evidence. Van der Schaaf and Stokking (2008) state that a portfolio of evidence integrates elements that must be related to each other, in order to be considered valid and reliable to evaluate the teaching-learning process, the elements are: a) the teacher model, b) the task model, c) the scoring model and d) the interpretation model. The objective of this research is to analyze the use of the portfolio of evidence as an evaluation tool within the teaching-learning process, for the Competency-Based Educational Model of the University of Guanajuato. This is a quantitative research with descriptive scope. A 22-item questionnaire was used considering the instrument developed by Romero and Crisol (2011) called "Opinion, satisfaction, usefulness and feelings of students about the use of the portfolio in learning and self-evaluation". The instrument was applied to a sample of 183 students of the Bachelor's Degree in International Commerce of the Economic-Administrative Sciences Division of the University of Guanajuato, distributed in four different Learning Units. The results indicate that students consider important the use of the portfolio of evidence as part of their teaching-learning process. In the part of satisfaction, usefulness and feelings, the students consider that the use of the portfolio is very important as a pertinent and adequate tool, and it is considered useful for learning, since besides serving as reinforcement, it implies a free and creative exercise. As conclusions of the study, the importance of the portfolio of evidence as a method of evaluation in accordance with the Educational Model by Competencies of the University of Guanajuato, which has also been well received at least by the sample of this study, is manifested. As future lines of research, it is expected to expand the sample to other careers and learning units to verify the applicability of the results of the study.
Development of Performance Analysis Program and the Study of Substitution Refrigerant R1234yf for Vehicle Refrigerant Compressor

ABSTRACT:The compressor’s efficiency affects on the fuel consumption of the vehicle because the compressors for car air-conditioning system are operated by engine-driven. Especially, the refrigerant is being changed recently from R134a to substitution refrigerant to protect environment pollution that people concerned about. However, that leads to lower efficiency of the car air- conditioning system and worse fuel consumption of the vehicle. Thus, this paper is focused on the methods for improvement of the compressor’s efficiency that affects on the fuel consumption of the vehicle by numerical analysis for compressor’s performance and the measurement of cylinder volume and pressure when the compressor is being operated.Keywords:Compressor(압축기), Performance(성능), Simulation(압축기 이론 해석), Substitution refrigerant(대체 냉매), R1234yf †Corresponding author Tel. : +82-31-670-7096; fax: +82-31-670-7352 E-mail address: tjlee@doowonhi.com 기 호 설 명 A ：면적 [m 2 ] A 0 ：밸브 포트 단면적 [m 2 ]A e ：유효 유로 면적 [m 2 ]A
Analysis on Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function of Rough Earth Surface in Remote Sensing Imaging

In remote sensing imaging, bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) is powerful tool to describe light reflectance characteristic. Based on BRDF distribution of ground object, reflectance distribution in all directions will be calculated, and radiation difference of remote sensing imaging can be calibrated. This paper analyzes the several empirical / semi-empirical BRDF model suitable for the rough earth surface. The cement ground was selected as typical experiment topography, and the ground reflectance in all directions at different solar zenith angle was obtained. We compare measurement data to calculation results of three theoretical models, including five parameter model, Staylor & Suttles model and Walthall model, and analyze and evaluate effectiveness of various models.
Satellite-Based Energy Balance for Mapping Evapotranspiration with Internalized Calibration (METRIC)—Applications

Recent satellite image processing developments have provided the means to calculate evapotranspiration (ET) as a residual of the surface energy balance to produce ET “maps. ” These ET maps (i.e., images) provide the means to quantify ET on a field by field basis in terms of both the rate and spatial distribution. The ET images show a progression of ET during the year or growing season as well as its spatial distribution. The mapping evapotranspiration at high resolution with internalized calibration (METRIC) is a satellite-based image-processing procedure for calculating ET. METRIC has been applied with high resolution Landsat images in southern Idaho, southern California, and New Mexico to quantify monthly and seasonal ET for water rights accounting, operation of ground water models, and determination of crop coefficient populations and mean curves for common crops. Comparisons between ET by METRIC, ET measured by lysimeter, and ET predicted using traditional methods have been made on a daily and monthly .
Commercial VCSELs reach 0.1-W cw output power

Following the success in fiber based DataCom, VCSELs start to conquer additional market shares in a variety of other applications like free space optics (FSO), lighting, printing, and sensing. U-L-M photonics presents a new family of commercial high power VCSELs emitting powers of up to 50 mW cw at RT based on top-emitting technology. The devices are available at 850 nm emission wavelength. All devices can be operated passively cooled and provide modulation bandwidths of up to 1 GHz. Wallplug efficiencies are in excess of 25 %. Even higher output power of 250 mW cw from a 80 μm active diameter bottom-emitting VCSEL operating at 980 nm has already been obtained although just beeing passively cooled. Further power up scaling is achieved by arrangement of multiple VCSELs in 2D arrays. For the first time we demonstrate cw output power of 10 Watt cw at RT from compact monolithic VCSEL module of 14 mm2 chip area. Transfer of the technology to other wavelengths, e.g. 808 nm and 945 nm, is presented, too, and shows perspectives towards homogeneous optical pumping of solid state lasers. Almost identical device performance levels can be presented for the entire wavelength span. All discussed results are based on highest quality epitaxy optimized for maximum intrinsic efficiency and differential slope efficiency. Oxide confinement is used for current constriction that provides most efficient electrical pumping of the active area. In combination with advanced mounting techniques all mentioned aspects sum up to allow for cost effective VCSEL products in the medium and high power laser regime. The circular output beam in addition to simple heat sinking offers attractive solutions for advanced system integration.
When can we trust our model predictions? Unearthing structural sensitivity in biological systems

It is well recognized that models in the life sciences can be sensitive to small variations in their model functions, a phenomenon known as ‘structural sensitivity’. Conventionally, modellers test for sensitivity by varying parameters for a specific formulation of the model functions, but models can show structural sensitivity to the choice of functional representations used: a particularly concerning problem when system processes are too complex, or insufficiently understood, to theoretically justify specific parameterizations. Here we propose a rigorous test for the detection of structural sensitivity in a system with respect to the local stability of equilibria, the main idea being to project infinite dimensional function space onto a finite dimensional space by considering the local properties of the model functions. As an illustrative example, we use our test to demonstrate structural sensitivity in the seminal Rosenzweig–MacArthur predator–prey model, and show that the conventional parameter-based approach can fail to do so. We also consider some implications that structural sensitivity has for ecological modelling: we argue that when the model exhibits structural sensitivity but experimental results remain consistent it may indicate that there is a problem with the model construction, and that in some cases trying to find an ‘optimal’ parameterization of a model function may simply be impossible when the model exhibits structural sensitivity. Finally, we suggest that the phenomenon of structural sensitivity in biological models may help explain the irregular oscillations often observed in real ecosystems.
SAR image despeckling in directionlet domain based on edge detection

Presented is a novel directionally adaptive despeckling algorithm for a SAR image using a multi-direction anisotropic wavelet transform, called a directionlet . It efficiently extracts edge information along dominant directions from the spatially segmented SAR image. Then an optimal scale dependent subband adaptive threshold, based on the generalised cross-validation technique, is applied to the edge removed image. The despeckled image is finally synthesised using the extracted edge information to preserve the sharpness of edges and the texture. The proposed scheme outperforms many of the traditional despeckling schemes such as the Lee filter and the wavelet and bandlet based edge detection methods in terms of numeric and perceptual quality.
Study of single deeply corrugated diaphragms for high-sensitivity microphones

In this paper, single deeply corrugated diaphragms (SDCDs) with various corrugation depths and initial stresses are studied extensively for applications to micromachined high-sensitivity devices. Finite-element model simulation results show that significant improvement in mechanical sensitivity can be achieved using a SDCD with larger corrugation depth. The diaphragm has been applied to the fabrication of a high-sensitivity microphone. The measurements show that the SDCD structure is promising in its applications to high-sensitivity devices.
Higher order mode impedances and cut-off frequencies of overmoded coaxial waveguides

Using both theoretical and experimental methods the critical geometrical ratios for effective higher order mode superposition in coaxial waveguides are identified for SDMA beam forming antenna applications. Higher order mode impedances are also important in the design of such antennas and a closed form expression for the power-voltage definition of impedance is derived together with estimates for the voltage-current and power-current forms. An industry standard finite element solver is used to confirm the accuracy of these formulations for a 60 mm radius overmoded coaxial waveguide. In the second part of the paper, the mode chart is used to design a coaxially fed, overmoded air-spaced coaxial waveguide “T” junction supporting the TEM, TE 11 and TE 21 modes. A Green's function based model of the input impedance of this junction establishes that the power-voltage characteristic impedance occurs naturally in calculations requiring absolute impedance values. Finally, this input impedance model, which includes higher order and evanescent mode propagation, is demonstrated to agree well with experimental data for this junction.
Lateral Side Impact Crash Simulation of Restrained 3 Year Old Child

Motor vehicle crashes have become the leading cause of death for children in many developed countries and the trend is on the rise in Malaysia. Child anatomy and physiology necessitates a separate restraints system to be implemented during vehicle travel. Although approximately twice as many crashes with a child fatality are frontal compared to lateral, it is shown that side impacts are nearly twice as likely to result in a child fatality as frontal impacts. Due to the complexity and the highly non-linear nature of vehicle crash affecting occupants, much work still remains to be looked into. This is especially so in the study of injury mechanisms towards efforts of improving CRS design as well as vehicle parameters that may offer more effective and robust injury mitigation. The study here presents a methodology which outlines the development and testing of a simulation model where a 3 year old child, restrained in a CRS within a vehicle, is subjected to lateral side impact by a bullet vehicle. A combined environment of both Finite Element as well as Multi-body is used for the model development. A HYBRID III dummy model is used to represent the child while an FE model is used for the CRS model. A hybrid modelling method is utilized for the belt harness system. The model and simulation conditions are set based on the global FMVSS standard. Head injury criterion and Neck injury criterion are primarily considered in the model assessment. Model development as well as validation steps are presented with discussion of the model’s salient features for greater insights in the study of injury mechanisms.
An integrated fuzzy-based decision support system for the selection of lean tools: A case study from the steel industry

Abstract Lean manufacturing has been a topic of considerable interest in manufacturing for the past few years. It is now widely acknowledged that organizations that have mastered lean manufacturing methods have substantial advantage in terms of cost and quality over those still practising traditional mass production. Value stream mapping (VSM) provides a systematic way for the implementation of lean manufacturing philosophy. It consists of a range of mapping tools for the identification of the various types of waste occurring in different manufacturing stages. The selection of an appropriate mapping tool for the identification of waste at a macro- and microlevel in the manufacturing system is a complex decision-making problem. In this paper, a fuzzy-based multipreference, multicriterion, and multiperson decision-making heuristic has been developed to resolve the problem of such magnitude. A case study of the steel industry has been taken into account. Here, a hierarchy related to the decision problem has been developed and is resolved by a fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The underlying issues pertaining to implementation of lean philosophy and decision-making procedures are considered, with reference to mathematically validated methods available in the literature.
PEMFC Parameter Simulation Based on MATLAB/SIMULINK

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is established for the numerical simulation computation by using the MATLAB/SIMULINK, By changing the different working conditions, The proton exchange membrane fuel cell output performance is analyzed . Data show that the hydrogen pressure, oxygen pressure, current density, temperature, has certain influence on voltage and power distribution of PEMFC, For PEMFC to normal and stable work, according to the above conditions should be obtained the optimal value, thus ensuring optimal output performance of PEMFC.
Application of Improved Bridgeless Power Factor Correction Based on One-cycle Control in Electric Vehicle Charging System

Abstract In view of high power factor and high efficiency requirements in electric vehicle charging systems, an improved bridgeless power factor correction based on one-cycle control in the pre-regulator is proposed in this article. First, the working principle of a boost power factor correction converter and a one-cycle control strategy are analyzed. Second, a simulation model is built by MATLAB/Simulink (The MathWorks, Natick, Massachusetts, USA), and an experimental plant is developed by electron devices. Finally, simulation and experiment results show that the power factor of the front-end circuit in charging system amounts to more than 0.99, and the total harmonic distortion of current is less than 4%. The efficiency is greatly improved, and pre-stabilized output voltage is achieved. The proposed topology can facilitate the design of the DC/DC circuit in the final stage.
Challenges in the Application of Stochastic Modal Identification Methods to a Cable-Stayed Bridge

This paper presents an analysis of the data collected in the ambient vibration test of the International Guadiana cable-stayed Bridge, which links Portugal and Spain, based on different output-only identification techniques: peak-picking, frequency domain decomposition, covariance-driven stochastic subspace identification, and data-driven stochastic subspace identification. The purpose of the analysis is to compare the performance of the four techniques and evaluate their efficiency in dealing with specific challenges involved in the modal identification of the tested cable-stayed bridge, namely the existence of closely spaced modes, the perturbation produced by the local vibration of stay-cables, and the variation of modal damping coefficients with wind velocity. The identified natural frequencies and mode shapes are compared with the corresponding modal parameters provided by a previously developed numerical model. Additionally, the variability of some modal damping coefficients is related with the vari.
Multiple Data Set ILI for Mechanical Damage Assessment

The purpose of this paper is to present a non-traditional pipeline mechanical damage ranking system using multiple-data-set in-line inspection (ILI) tools. Mechanical damage continues to be a major factor in reportable incidents for hazardous liquid and gas pipelines. While several ongoing programs seek to limit damage incidents through public awareness, encroachment monitoring, and one-call systems, others have focused efforts on the quantification of mechanical damage severity through modeling, the use of ILI tools, and subsequent feature assessment at locations selected for excavation. Current generation ILI tools capable of acquiring multiple-data-sets in a single survey may provide an improved assessment of the severity of damaged zones using methods developed in earlier research programs as well as currently reported information. For magnetic flux leakage (MFL) type tools, using multiple field levels, varied field directions, and high accuracy deformation sensors enables detection and provides the data necessary for enhanced severity assessments. This paper will provide a review of multiple-data-set ILI results from several pipe joints with simulated mechanical damage locations created mimicing right-of-way encroachment events in addition to field results from ILI surveys using multiple-data-set tools.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
The Transdisciplinary Product Development Lifecycle model

Abstract In this paper, a new product development lifecycle model, the Transdisciplinary Product Development Lifecycle (TPDL) model, is explained. This new model is based on the axiomatic design (AD) method developed by Suh; hence it inherits the benefits of applying AD to product development. In this model, the AD method is extended to cover the whole product development lifecycle, including the test domain, and new domain characteristic vectors are introduced to systematically capture and manage the input constraints and system components. The TPDL model helps develop, capture, and present both the big-picture and a detailed view of the product development knowledge, including design and requirement traceability knowledge. The objectives of the TDPL model are to guide the designers, developers, and other members of a transdisciplinary product development team throughout the development effort as well as to help capture, maintain, and manage the knowledge produced during the product development process. The TDPL model aims to improve the quality of the design, requirements management, change management, project management, and communication between stakeholders as well as to shorten the development time and reduce the development cost.