Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SHANK3 Genotype Mediates Speech and Language Phenotypes in a Nonclinical Population

Mutations affecting the synaptic-scaffold gene SHANK3 represent the most common genetic causes of autism with intellectual disability, accounting for about 1-2% of cases. Rare variants of this gene have also been associated with schizophrenia, and its deletion results in the autistic condition known as Phelan–McDermid syndrome. Despite the importance of SHANK3 as a paradigmatic gene mediating neurodevelopmental disorders, its psychological effects in nonclinical populations have yet to be studied. We genotyped the nonsynonymous, functional SHANK3 SNP rs9616915 in a large population of typical individuals scored for autism spectrum traits (the Autism Quotient, AQ) and schizotypy spectrum traits (the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, SPQ-BR). Males, but not females, showed significant genotypic effects for the SPQ-BR subscale associated with speech and language: Odd Speech. These findings, in conjunction with animal model studies showing vocalization and auditory effects of SHANK3 mutations, and studies indicating severe language alterations and speech-associated white matter tract abnormalities in Phelan–McDermid syndrome, suggest that SHANK3 differentially affects the development and expression of human language and speech. Imaging genetic and speech-language studies of typical individuals carrying different genotypes of rs9616915 should provide novel insights into the neurological and psychological bases of speech and language alterations among individuals with SHANK3 mutations and Phelan–McDermid syndrome.
The Willingness to Receive COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Associated Factors: “Vaccination Refusal Could Prolong the War of This Pandemic” – A Systematic Review

Background The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, spreads globally, since its declaration by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a COVID-19 pandemic on March 11, 2020. COVID-19 vaccine is a crucial preventive approach that can halt this pandemic. The present systematic review was aimed to assess the level of willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine and its associated factors. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted by using various online databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, HINARI, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, African journals, and Google for grey literature which were used to search the related articles up to the period of May 08, 2021. Results The overall rate of participants’ willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine was ranged from 27.7% to 91.3%, which was from Congo and China, respectively. Factors such as age, educational status, gender, income, residency, occupation, marital status, race/ethnicity, perceived risk of COVID-19, trust in healthcare system, health insurance, norms, attitude towards vaccine, perceived benefit of vaccine, perceived vaccine barriers, self-efficacy, up-to-date on vaccinations, tested for COVID-19 in the past, perceived efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccination, recommended for vaccination, political leaning, perceived severity of COVID-19, perceived effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine, belief that vaccination makes them feel less worried about COVID-19, believing in mandatory COVID-19 vaccination, perceived potential vaccine harms, presence of chronic disease, confidence, COVID-19 vaccine safety concern, working in healthcare field, believing vaccines can stop the pandemic, fear about COVID-19, cues to action, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, complacency, and receiving any vaccine in the past 5 years were associated with the willingness of receive COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion There were insufficient levels of willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine, and several factors were associated with it. Health education should be provided concerning this vaccine to improve the willingness of the community.
Climate‐induced increase in terrestrial carbon storage in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

Abstract Predicting the change in carbon storage in regions of high carbon uptake and those under highly intensive human disturbance is crucial for regional ecosystem management to promote sustainable development of the economy and ecology in the future. We use a process‐based model to estimate the terrestrial carbon storage in Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) and to predict the change of carbon storage over the next 100 years. The results show that the vegetation carbon (VC) and soil organic carbon (SOC) storage were 8.97 and 28.85 Pg C in the YREB from 1981 to 2005, respectively. The highest VC density is distributed in the southern region of the YREB, and the highest SOC density distributes in subalpine and alpine area of the western region of the YREB. Carbon storage in the YREB continued to increase from 1981 to 2005 and in future projections, under both the representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) and the RCP8.5 scenarios. The increased rate of carbon storage in the YREB under the RCP8.5 scenario is higher than that under the RCP4.5 scenario. Under the RCP4.5 scenario, the increasing trend of VC storage tends to be reduced after the 2060s; conversely, the increase of both VC and SOC is accelerated after the 2050s under the RCP8.5 scenario. The SOC density in Western Sichuan will decrease in the future, especially under the RCP8.5 scenario. Western Sichuan has the highest SOC density in the YREB; therefore, it is important to manage the ecosystems there in order to cope with significant warming. The positive impact of warming and the CO2 fertilization effect on vegetation growth and carbon uptake will be predominantly attributed to the increase of terrestrial carbon storage in the YREB. However, warming will stimulate the decomposition of soil organic carbon, contributing directly to reducing SOC storage in high‐altitude regions (e.g., alpine and subalpine regions of Western Sichuan).
Trait hierarchies are stronger than trait dissimilarities in structuring spatial co‐occurrence patterns of common tree species in a subtropical forest

Abstract The dissimilarity and hierarchy of trait values that characterize niche and fitness differences, respectively, have been increasingly applied to infer mechanisms driving community assembly and to explain species co‐occurrence patterns. Here, we predict that limiting similarity should result in the spatial segregation of functionally similar species, while functionally similar species will be more likely to co‐occur either due to environmental filtering or due to competitive exclusion of inferior competitors (hereafter hierarchical competition). We used a fully mapped 50‐ha subtropical forest plot in southern China to explore how pairwise spatial associations between saplings and between adult trees were influenced by trait dissimilarity and hierarchy in order to gain insight into assembly mechanisms. We assessed pairwise spatial associations using two summary statistics of spatial point patterns at different spatial scales and compared the effects of trait dissimilarity and trait hierarchy of different functional traits on the interspecific spatial associations. These comparisons allow us to disentangle the effects of limiting similarity, environmental filtering, and hierarchical competition on species co‐occurrence. We found that trait dissimilarity was generally negatively related to interspecific spatial associations for both saplings and adult trees across spatial scales, meaning that species with similar trait values were more likely to co‐occur and thus supporting environmental filtering or hierarchical competition. We further found that trait hierarchy outweighed trait dissimilarity in structuring pairwise spatial associations, suggesting that hierarchical competition played a more important role in structuring our forest community than environmental filtering across life stages. This study employed a novel method, by offering the integration of pairwise spatial association and trait dissimilarity as well as trait hierarchy, to disentangle the relative importance of multiple assembly mechanisms in structuring co‐occurrence patterns, especially the mechanisms of environmental filtering and hierarchical competition, which lead to indistinguishable co‐occurrence patterns. This study also reinforced the importance of trait hierarchy rather than trait dissimilarity in driving neighborhood competition.
Study of the Influence of Plaque Growth and Hydrostatic Properties in an Atherosclerotic Artery, for the Prevention of Arterial Wall Damage: Application to Vascular Diseases

The objective of this work is to prevent damage of the arterial wall, using a theoretical model of hyperelastic, anisotropic, and dynamic behavior of the human arterial. This work is mainly focused on the properties of the hydrostatic stress and the evolution of stenosis. This work is mainly focused on the properties of the hydrostatic stress and the evolution of stenosis in order to understand the effect of the size of the plaque deposit, the loss of elasticity of the wall, and the increase in the density of the blood on the mechanical behavior of the human arterial wall. The great contribution of this work shows us that increasing the size of the plaque also increases arterial stress, and the radial growth of the plaque is very dangerous compared to the longitudinal growth. Furthermore, atherosclerosis promotes the loss of elasticity of the arterial wall and increases the density of blood mass. Indeed, all these subsequent phenomena increase arterial stress. All the results are in good agreement with the expected result of the literature and could play an important role in the diagnosis of the patient with an arterial injury. It will also help the doctor and the surgeon to make a good clinical decision and good treatment planning.
The Effect of Social Perspective-Taking on Interpersonal Trust Under the Cooperative and Competitive Contexts: The Mediating Role of Benevolence

Purpose Several studies have demonstrated that perspective-taking can foster interpersonal trust. However, few studies have explored the effect of social perspective-taking on interpersonal trust under a specific social context and its internal mechanism. The present study explored the effect of social perspective-taking on interpersonal trust and further examined this interaction under two different social contexts: a cooperative vs a competitive context. We also explored why social perspective-taking fostered interpersonal trust. Methods Study 1 (N = 45) was conducted using a within-subjects design in which participants were asked to read the dilemmas of two partners under two conditions (social perspective-taking vs objective focus) and complete the trust game after each reading. In Study 2 (N = 135), we manipulated the social context by a word memorization task to explore the effect of social perspective-taking on interpersonal trust under different contexts (competitive vs cooperative). In Study 3, we examined benevolence as a mediator in the relationship between social perspective-taking and interpersonal trust. Results Study 1 showed that interpersonal trust under the social perspective-taking condition was significantly higher than interpersonal trust under the objective focus condition. Study 2 showed that under the cooperative context, participants under the social perspective-taking condition invested more money to another partner than those under the objective focus condition. However, under the competitive context, the results were the opposite. Study 3 demonstrated that benevolence mediated the relationship between social perspective-taking and interpersonal trust in both cooperative and competitive contexts. Conclusion Social perspective-taking could improve interpersonal trust under a cooperative context, while the degree of interpersonal trust decreases under a competitive context. Moreover, social perspective-taking could influence the perception of benevolence and thereby enhance or diminish interpersonal trust.
Structure type and bulk modulus of Fe3S, a new iron-sulfur compound

Abstract We performed a series of experiments in the system Fe-FeS at a pressure of 21 GPa and temperatures between 950 and 1400 °C, and we found two new iron-excess iron-sulfur compounds, Fe3S and Fe2S, formed at subsolidus temperatures. Powder X-ray diffraction data revealed that Fe3S has a tetragonal cell, isostructural with Fe3P (space group I4 - ). The tetragonal unit-cell dimensions for Fe3S are a = 9.144(2) Å and c = 4.509(2) Å, with a zero-pressure density of 7.033 g/cm3. Static compression experiments on Fe3S were carried out in a diamond-anvil cell, using synchrotron X-ray diffraction technique. A least-squares fit to the experimental data at room temperature yielded bulk modulus K0 = 170 ± 8 GPa with a corresponding pressure derivative K0' = 2.6 ± 0.5 or K0 = 150 ± 2 GPa with fixed K0' = 4
Preliminary Study on Educational Game-based Learning Approach in Financial Accounting Course: Bicycle Accounting Classification Game

The study has designed an educational game-based learning through the introduction of an interactive game called “bicycle accounting classification game”. The game was created to stimulate interest in learning basic financial accounting courses that are normally portrayed as a serious subject. The bicycle accounting classification game tool kit has been developed as a learning and teaching aid to enable students to collaborate and engage in the financial accounting course. The main purpose of the study is to identify the effectiveness of the tool as a mechanism to enhance students’ learning motivation investigated through individual psychological needs of autonomy, competence and relatedness in a financial accounting course. The sampling was implemented to 4 accounting lecturers and one computer science lecturer in a small group tryout and 30 non accounting students in field tryout. Questionnaires were used for data collection and analyzed using quantitative methods. From the experimental results, it is discovered that the bicycle accounting classification game has contributed to the positive learning motivation, in terms of promoting their learning participation and improving their learning excitement and understanding in the financial accounting course given that knowledge organizing, and sharing is embedded in the collaborative gaming environment.
TFix: Learning to Fix Coding Errors with a Text-to-Text Transformer

The problem of ﬁxing errors in programs has at-tracted substantial interest over the years. The key challenge for building an effective code ﬁx-ing tool is to capture a wide range of errors and meanwhile maintain high accuracy. In this paper, we address this challenge and present a new learning-based system, called TFix. TFix works directly on program text and phrases the problem of code ﬁxing as a text-to-text task. In turn, this enables it to leverage a powerful Transformer based model pre-trained on natural language and ﬁne-tuned to generate code ﬁxes (via a large, high-quality dataset obtained from GitHub commits). TFix is not speciﬁc to a particular programming language or class of defects and, in fact, improved its precision by simultaneously ﬁne-tuning on 52 different error types reported by a popular static analyzer. Our evaluation on a massive dataset of JavaScript programs shows that TFix is practically effective: it is able to synthesize code that ﬁxes the error in ∼ 67 percent of cases and signiﬁcantly outperforms existing learning-based approaches.
Parameter Comparisons on Multivariate Time Series Analysis; a Case Study of GDP Growth Rate in Nigeria

In this work, multivariate Time Series “vector Autoregressive Model” was applied to analyze the Gross Domestics Product (GDP) growth rate of five (5) sectors namely: Agriculture, Industries, Building/Construction, Wholesales/Retails, and Services. The data was collected from the National Bureau of Statistics, range quarterly from 1985 to 2017, a total of 33years. Real (R) software was adopted to analyze the model. The data were grouped into 10 pairs of 2 parameter variables, 10 combinations of 3 parameters variables, 5 combinations of 4 parameters variables, and the complete 5 parameter variables. In each group, the best model was selected and Lag's using Akaike Information Criteria, in the group of 2 parameters variables the pairs of Building/Construction and Services was selected as the best model with the smallest of AIC (-11.8996) at lag (5). Building/ Construction, Wholesales/Retails, and Services pairs were selected, as the best model in the group of 3 parameters variables with an AIC value of (-17.0510). In the group of 4 parameters variables, the combination of Agriculture, Building/Construction, Wholesales/Retails, and Services was selected as the best model with an AIC value of (-22.0743) as the smallest at lag (5). In complete parameters variables, Agriculture, Industries, Building/Construction, Wholesales/Retails, and Services, the best lag was selected as lag (5) with the smallest AIC value of (-25.8996). In comparison, the best model of 2 parameters with an AIC value of (-11.973) at lag (5) was compared with that of the complete 5 parameters variables with an AIC value of (-25.8996), the results showed that the larger the parameters the better the model. Keyword: Agriculture, Industries, Building/Construction, Wholesale/Retail, Services, GDP, and Parameter.
Biogeochemical Processes Affecting the Fate of Discharged Deepwater Horizon Gas and Oil: New Insights and Remaining Gaps in Our Understanding

Research funded under the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative provided new insights into the biogeochemical processes influencing the fate of petroleum chemicals entering the Gulf of Mexico from the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) accident. This overview of that work is based on detailed recent reviews of aspects of the biogeochemistry as well as on activities supported by the US Natural Resource Damage Assessment. The main topics presented here are distribution of hydrocarbons in the water column; the role of photo-oxidation of petroleum compounds at the air-sea interface; the role of particulates in the fate of the DWH hydrocarbons, especially marine oil snow (MOS) and marine oil snow sedimentation and flocculent accumulation (MOSSFA); oil deposition and accumulation in sediments; and fate of oil on beaches and in marshes. A brief discussion of bioaccumulation is also included. Microbial degradation is addressed in a separate paper in this special issue of Oceanography. Important future research recommendations include: conduct a more robust assessment of the mass balance of various chemical groupings and even individual chemicals during specific time intervals; seek a better understanding of the roles of photo-oxidation products, MOS, and MOSSFA and their relationships to microbial degradation; and determine the fates of the insoluble highly degraded and viscous oil residues in the environment.
The evaluation of the cortex neurons viability in CdS nanoparticles induced toxicity

Objective(s): Cadmium sulfur (CdS) is a type of quantum dot which is a unique light-emitting semiconductor nanocrystal. Quantum dots have wide applications in optoelectronics, solar cells, biology, and medicine fields.Materials and Methods: Morphological properties and structural analysis for CdS were tested by using different methods (TEM, XPS and XRD). Â Cortical neuron cells were used for toxicity investigations. The cells were treated with different concentrations of CdS (100, 10, 1, 0.1, 0.01 Âµg/mL) and incubated for 24 h (5 CO2; 37Â°C). In vitro studies were done by examining cellular viability (MTT assay) and oxidative stress/status (TAC/TOS). Results: According to our results, the increasing concentration of CdS resulted in decreased cell viability. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of neurons increased following exposure to the lowest concentrations of CdS. In addition, inverse to our TAC findings, total oxidant status (TOS) was decreased following exposure to lower concentrations of CdS. Conclusion: Recently, because of advances in diagnostic and drug delivery systems ingestion rate of CdS by humans were increased. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of CdS on Cortex Neurons cell cultures. The production of CdS quantum dot particles was done by using the Viridibacillus arenosi K64 (biosynthesis method) which provides environmentally friendly, economical, reliable, and controlled production.
Taxonomic investigation of the Xanthium strumarium L. complex (Asteraceae) distributed in Iran inferred from morphological, palynological and molecular data

Abstract. Noedoost F, Vaezi J, Nikzat Siahkolaee S. 2021. Taxonomic investigation of the Xanthium strumarium L. complex (Asteraceae) distributed in Iran inferred from morphological, palynological and molecular data. Biodiversitas 22: 1961-1974. Unclear species boundaries due to high morphological similarities lead to different opinions on Xanthium classification. To solve this problem, we conducted investigation on morphological, palynological and molecular (ITS sequencing) of three species of Xanthium (i.e., X. strumarium, X. sibiricum, and X. brasilicum) forming Xanthium strumarium complex in Iran. We randomly collected 110 plant individuals of the Xanthium strumarium complex as well as X. spinosum from 30 geographical populations in eight provinces of Iran. Pollen grains of 19 populations were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results obtained from the analysis of morphological characters showed that the three species, X. strumarium, X. brasilicum and X. sibiricum were placed nearly together specially X. strumarium and X. brasilicum are obviously overlapped. Palynological results indicated the pollen grains of section Acanthoxanthium (i.e., X. spinosum) and Xanthium (i.e., X. strumarium, X. sibiricum, and X. brasilicum) are clearly differing by their LM and SEM characters. However, no significant difference found between the pollen of X. strumarium and X. brasilicum. The Bayesian phylogenetic tree of the ITS region of rDNA sequences revealed that X. strumarium, X. sibiricum and X. brasilicum could not be discriminated as independent species. Overall, the morphological, palynological and molecular data provided evidence to synonymize X. brasilicum and X. strumarium with X. orientale and X. sibiricum with X. strumarium.