Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The segmental distribution of the cutaneous nerves in the limbs of man

The segmental distribution of the cutaneous nerves in the limbs of man has been the subject of considerable confusion and uncertainty, due to limitations of technique and lack of well controlled human cases for study. A new approach to this problem has been furnished by the many clinical cases in which herniation of the nucleus pulposus of an intervertcbral disc compresses a single nerve root intraspinally and is operated for relief (fig, l), This coninion cause of nerve root pain radiating down a limb, previously called sciatica, was first clearly identified by Mixter and Barr ('34) and has since become generally recognized by report of many operated cases. Surgical demonstration that this discrete nucleus pulposus herniation commonly compresses only one nerve root, and the finding of an area of diminished cutaneous sensitivity for this functional loss (Keegan, '43, '44, '47) has permitted the drawing of new dermatome charts of the limbs of man and these have been combined with standard dermatomes of the trunk to form a new dermatome chart of the human body (fig. 2). This cliart differs significantly from those of previous investigators in that it presents 'a regular pattern of serial dermatomes in the limbs extending as con-
ON THE DATES OF PUBLICATION OF WEBB AND BERTHELOT'S "HISTOIRE NATURELLE DES ÎLES CANARIES"

For many years lack of information regarding the dates of issue of the text and plates of Philip Barker Webb and Sabin Berthelot's Histoire Naturelle des lies Canaries has troubled scientific bibliographers. * This great work was issued to subscribers in 106 parts (livraisons) between 1835 and 1850, and a livraison usually contained matter belonging to several independently paged volumes. On completion the livraisons had to be broken up and their contents sorted into fourteen divisions, as follows :—
New processing techniques based on the constant modulus adaptive algorithm

This paper presents three extensions of the constant modulus algorithm (CMA) introduced in an earlier paper as a means of correcting degradations in constant enyelope waveforms. As originally formulated, the CMA employs an FIR filter with complex coefficients and accepts complex (quadrature) input data. In this paper, first a real input, real coefficient version of the algorithm is shown to perform arbitrarily close to the fully complex version. Secondly, the algorithm is extended for the enhancement of signals having a nonconstant but known envelope, as might arise in data signals with pulse shaping. Lastly, a multichannel version of CMA, wherein several observations are linearly combined, is presented for joint adaptation of multiple filters. This approach can be used, for example, as a means of spatial or polarization "beamsteering" to reject additive interferers and compensate for channel-induced polarization rotation.
Increase in Linkage Information by Stratification of Pedigree Data into Gold-Standard and Standard Diagnoses: Application to the NIMH Alzheimer Disease Genetics Initiative Dataset

Patients diagnosed with a standard clinical method (subject to misclassification error) are often combined with patients diagnosed with a gold-standard method (with zero or very small misclassification error) in family-based studies of complex disease. For example, non-autopsied patients (NAP) are often included along with autopsy-proven (AP) patients in family-based studies of complex diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Theoretical and simulation studies suggest that certain misclassification errors can result in severe reduction of power in genetic linkage and association analyses and that phenotype (or diagnostic) error can produce misleading results. Morton’s test for heterogeneity can identify genomic regions where error may have led to loss in power. We applied this test to pedigree data from the NIMH Alzheimer’s Disease Genetics Initiative Database separated into AP and NAP pedigrees. Morton’s test identified one highly significant region of heterogeneity on chromosome 2. The source of the heterogeneity was due to significant indication of linkage in the AP pedigrees at position 109 cM (p value = 6.68 × 10–5) with no indication in the NAP pedigrees. Furthermore, Morton’s test showed no evidence for heterogeneity on chromosome 19 in early-onset pedigrees that showed highly significant evidence for linkage in other published reports. These results suggest that supplementing linkage analysis with Morton’s test can be usefully applied to genetic data sets that have AP and NAP samples, or other sample mixtures that include a ‘gold standard’ subgroup with reduced error rate, to increase power to detect linkage in the presence of diagnostic misclassification.
Treatment Satisfaction and Recovery in Saami and Norwegian Patients Following Psychiatric Hospital Treatment: A Comparative Study

Treatment, treatment satisfaction and recovery in Saami and Norwegian patients treated in a psychiatric hospital were compared. Although half of the Saami patients preferred to speak Saami with their therapists, only one patient did. The extensive use of traditional helpers was only partly recognized. Despite no differences in type and amount of treatment or symptom-change during the hospital stay, the Saami patients showed less satisfaction with all investigated treatment parameters including contact with staff, treatment alliance, information and global treatment satisfaction. There was less agreement between the ratings of the therapists and the Saami patients. Suggestions for improvements are made.
Current status of solvent/detergent‐treated frozen plasma

he Blood Products Advisory Committee of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently recommended the approval of the use of solvent T and detergent treatment for fresh-frozen plasma (FFP). The FDA is expected to issue soon a license to VI. Technologies, Inc. (VITEX, New York, NY) to produce solventldetergent (SD)-treated plasma (SD plasma). Because an estimated 2 million units of plasma are transfused in the United States each year, the availability of an alternative blood component will likely have a significant impact on physician practices and on the supply of, and demand for, FFP This report reviews issues surrounding the development of SD technologies for use in virus inactivation, current clinical data relevant to the use of SD plasma, and answers to some commonly asked questions. The review is intended not to establish a standard or requirement for the use of FFP or SD plasma, but to provide background information for medical staffs as they consider transfusion alternatives. Development of guidelines or standards for voluntary compliance will require additional clinical data. Currently, most FFP is prepared in blood centers as a by-product of whole-blood processing, although FFP can also be prepared by plasmapheresis. FFP is a relatively safe biologic; its overall risk is estimated at 7.5 adverse events per 10,000 units transfused and 3.7 adverse events per 1,000
Non periodic pulse width modulation spectral analysis with approximate decomposition of the signal

A Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal can be decomposed into two sawtooth signals, which provides an efficient theoretical method to study the harmonic components of a PWM waveform. The mathematical approach explains the decomposition and shows the important properties of the conjugated components. The examples demonstrate the effectiveness of using this method to analysis PWM waveform with non-periodic carrier.
A new approach to diagnose multiple simultaneous defects

This paper presents a new approach for the diagnosis of multiple manufacturing defects that affects digital integrated circuits (IC). The method treats each failing pattern as an independent diagnosis, and finds out the location of potential candidates when they are simultaneously simulated explain each failing pattern. Our methodology consists in three main steps and can diagnose three types of multiple defect configurations. This method can also diagnose multiple faults masked by single fault. Experiments were performed in good ICs in which different types of multiple faults were injected and on devises with real defects. The correct fault locations and cause were predicted in all cases.
Association of the C677T polymorphism in the human methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene with the genetic predisposition for type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Moroccan population.

AIMS Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health problem around the world. The C677T and A1298C polymorphisms of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene have been reported to be associated with T2DM and its complications. This study aimed to investigate this association in the Moroccan population. METHODS A case-control study was performed among 282 Moroccan diabetic patients and 232 healthy controls. The MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction, followed by enzymatic digestion with HinfI and MboII enzymes, respectively. RESULTS There was a significant association between C677T polymorphism and T2DM in both additive and dominant models. In addition, the 677T allele frequency differed significantly between the diabetic and control groups (26.06% vs. 33.20%, respectively). However, no significant association was found between A1298C polymorphism and T2DM. The frequencies of combined genotypes 677CC/1298AA and 677CT/1298AC differed significantly between the diabetic and control groups (32.62% vs. 20.61% and 9.57% vs. 17.55%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These results show an evident association between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and T2DM in Moroccan patients but no significant association with the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism.
In Vivo Activation of Naive CD4+ T Cells in Nasal Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue following Intranasal Immunization with Recombinant Streptococcus gordonii

ABSTRACT The antigen-specific primary activation of CD4+ T cells was studied in vivo by adoptive transfer of ovalbumin-specific transgenic T cells (KJ1-26+ CD4+) following intranasal immunization with recombinant Streptococcus gordonii. A strain of S. gordonii expressing on its surface a model vaccine antigen fused to the ovalbumin (OVA) peptide from position 323 to 339 was constructed and used to study the OVA-specific T-cell activation in nasal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), lymph nodes, and spleens of mice immunized by the intranasal route. The recombinant strain, but not the wild type, activated the OVA-specific CD4+ T-cell population in the NALT (89% of KJ1-26+ CD4+ T cells) just 3 days following immunization. In the cervical lymph nodes and in the spleen, the percentage of proliferating cells was initially low, but it reached the peak of activation at day 5 (90%). This antigen-specific clonal expansion of KJ1-26+ CD4+ T cells after intranasal immunization was obtained with live and inactivated recombinant bacteria, and it indicates that the NALT is the site of antigen-specific T-cell priming.
Letter re: Acute intermittent porphyria-related leukoencephalopathy

We read with interest the article by Kevelam et al.1 Current neurogenetic knowledge continues to grow with new genotypes associated with classical clinical syndromes and new phenotypes associated with shocking genetic and metabolic mechanisms, especially in inherited neurometabolic disorders and leukodystrophies. The authors defined a new clinical spectrum of neurologic phenotypes associated with mutations in the HMBS gene,1 which can be summarized as follows: (1) autosomal dominant acute intermittent porphyria2; (2) autosomal recessive severe encephalopathy with early childhood fatality3; (3) autosomal recessive early-onset leukodystrophy with spastic ataxia and optic atrophy.1
Accurate dense optical flow estimation using adaptive structure tensors and a parametric model

An accurate optical flow estimation algorithm is proposed in this paper By using a 3D structure tensor and a parametric flow model, the optical flow estimation is converted to generalized eigenvalue problem to avoid solving a linear system explicitly. The optical flow can be accurately estimated from the generalized eigenvectors. The confidence measurement derived from the generalized eigenvalues is used to adaptively adjust the coherent motion region to further improve the accuracy. Experiments on both synthetic sequences with ground truth and real sequences are used to test our method. Comparison with classical and recently published methods are given to demonstrate that our algorithm is accurate and robust to the aperture problem.
A watermarking technique based on one-way hash functions

Digital watermarking techniques have been proposed for the copyright protection of digital images. A digital watermarking technique is a technique for embedding invisible watermarks in a digital image. The watermarks must be designed to be unrecognizable by unauthorized people and to be identified by the legal copyright owner of the image. In this paper, we proposed a new copyright watermarking scheme. Our scheme is based on one-way hash functions, which are widely used in cryptosystems. The main goal of our method is to design a secure watermarking scheme.
Community rehabilitation for older adults with osteoarthritis of the lower limb: a controlled clinical trial

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of a 12-month community-based water exercise programme on measures of self-reported health and physical function in people aged over 60 years old with knee-hip osteoarthritis (OA). Design: A quasi-experimental design consisting of an exercise group and an age-matched control group. Setting: Public community swimming pool in Sheffield, UK. Subjects: One hundred and six community-dwelling sedentary older people, with confirmed knee-hip osteoarthritis, enrolled in an experimental controlled trial for 12 months. Sixty-six subjects in the exercise group were offered a water-exercise programme. Forty age-matched, nonexercising, ‘control’ subjects received monthly education material and quarterly telephone calls. Interventions: Participants in the exercise group were asked to attend two exercise sessions a week of 1 hour duration led by specially trained swimming instructors. Main measures: Primary outcome measure was the disease-specific Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Secondary outcomes included a battery of performance-based physical function tests. Results: Adherence to exercise averaged 70% (±14%) over the year: 77% of the exercising subjects and 89% control subjects completed both pre- and post-outcome measures. After one year, participants in the exercise group experienced a significant improvement in physical function (4.0 ± 9.1 versus -0.4 ± 7.3 units; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96–7.96, p < 0.05) and reduction in the perception of pain (1.3 ± 3.7 versus 0.2 ± 2.5 units; 95% CI -0.19-2.52, p < 0.05) compared with the control group, as measured by the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index. In addition, the exercise group performed significantly better in the ascending and descending stairs tests (p < 0.05), had significantly greater improvements in knee range of movement (p < 0.01) and hip range of movements (p < 0.005). There were no significant differences in the two groups for quadriceps muscle strength and psychosocial well-being (Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 questionnaire). Conclusions: Older people with knee/hip osteoarthritis gained modest improvements in measures of physical function, pain, general mobility and flexibility after participating in 12 months of community-based water exercise.
Internet resources in GPCR modelling

G-Protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), one of the most important families of drug targets, belong to the super family of integral membrane proteins characterized by seven transmembrane helices. Because they are difficult to crystallize, the three dimensional structure of these receptors have not yet been determined by X-ray crystallography, except one. In the absence of a 3-D structure, in-silico approaches for solving the structure of this class of proteins are widely used and provide valuable information for structure based drug design. There are several web servers and computer programs available that automate the modelling process of GPCRs. Some of these include Modeller, Swiss-Model server, Homer, etc. Using these tools reliable homology models of human histamine H1 receptor (HRH1) and thrombin receptor (PAR-1) have been generated which explain the binding mode of the standard antagonists of these receptors and may be useful in designing their novel antagonists. 1Presented at CMTPI 2007: Computational Methods in Toxicology and Pharmacology Integrating Internet Resources (Moscow, Russia, September 1–5, 2007).
Structure of the Photoreactive Iron Center of the Nitrile Hydratase from Rhodococcus sp. N-771

Nitrile hydratase (NHase) fromRhodococcus sp. N-771 is a photoreactive enzyme that is inactivated by nitrosylation of the non-heme iron center and activated by photodissociation of nitric oxide (NO). To obtain structural information on the iron center, we isolated peptide complexes containing the iron center by proteolysis. When the tryptic digest of the α subunit isolated from the inactive form was analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, the absorbance characteristic of the nitrosylated iron center was observed in the peptide fragment, Asn105-Val-Ile-Val-Cys-Ser-Leu-Cys-Ser-Cys-Thr-Ala-Trp-Pro-Ile-Leu-Gly-Leu-Pro-Pro-Thr-Trp-Tyr-Lys128. The peptide contained 0.79 mol of iron/mol of molecule as well as endogenous NO. Subsequently, by digesting the peptide with thermolysin, carboxypeptidase Y, and leucine aminopeptidase M, we found that the minimum peptide segment required for the nitrosylated iron center is the 11 amino acid residues from αIle107 to αTrp117. Furthermore, by using mass spectrometry, protein sequence, and amino acid composition analyses, we have shown that the 112th Cys residue of the α subunit is post-translationally oxidized to a cysteine-sulfinic acid (Cys-SO2H) in the NHase. These results indicate that the NHase from Rhodococcus sp. N-771 has a novel non-heme iron enzyme containing a cysteine-sulfinic acid in the iron center. Possible ligand residues of the iron center are discussed.
Email Exchange of Secondary School Transcripts

A common format simplifies exchange of secondary school academic transcripts via electronic mail. Existing standards are applied to prevent unauthorized alteration of transcript content and to deliver transcripts directly and securely from each student to his or her chosen recipients. By eliminating third-party intervention and surveillance, the defined protocol better protects student privacy and independence than does current practice.
Clustering and Topic Modelling : A New Approach for Analysis of National Cybersecurity Strategies Completed Research Paper

The consequences of cybersecurity attacks can be severe for nation states and their people. Recently many nations have revisited their national cybersecurity strategies (NCSs) to ensure that their cybersecurity capabilities is sufficient to protect their citizens and cyberspace. This study is an initial attempt to compare NCSs by using clustering and topic modelling methods to investigate the similarity and differences between them. We also aimed to identify underlying topics that are appeared in NCSs. We have collected and examined 60 NCSs that have been developed during 20032016. By relying on institutional theories, we found that memberships in the international intuitions could be a determinant factor for harmonization and integration between NCSs. By applying hierarchical clustering method, we noticed a stronger similarities between NCSs that are developed by the EU or NATO members. We also found that public-private partnerships, protection of critical infrastructure, and defending citizen and public IT systems are among those topics that have been received considerable attention in the majority of NCSs. We also argue that topic modeling method, LDA, can be used as an automated technique for analysis and understanding of textual documents by policy makers and governments during the development and reviewing of national strategies and policies.
Further Optimisations of Constant Q Cepstral Processing for Integrated Utterance Verification and Text-Dependent Speaker Verification

Many authentication applications involving automatic speaker verification (ASV) demand robust performance using short-duration, fixed or prompted text utterances. Text constraints not only reduce the phone-mismatch between enrolment and test utterances, which generally leads to improved performance, but also provide an ancillary level of security. This can take the form of explicit utterance verification (UV). An integrated UV + ASV system should then verify access attempts which contain not just the expected speaker, but also the expected text content. This paper presents such a system and introduces new features which are used for both UV and ASV tasks. Based upon multi-resolution, spectro-temporal analysis and when fused with more traditional parameterisations, the new features not only generally outperform Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients, but also are shown to be complementary when fusing systems at score level. Finally, the joint operation of UV and ASV greatly decreases false acceptances for unmatched text trials. Index Terms speaker verification, utterance verification, text dependent, constant Q transform.
Planning for human resources for health: human resources for health and the production of health outcomes/outputs.

On utilise les donnees nationales de 168 pays pour operer une analyse de regression multiple portant sur les variables telles que la densite des medecins, la densite des infirmieres et sages-femmes, la proportion des femmes adultes sachant lire et ecrire, la proportion des habitants ayant acces a l'eau potable, le produit interieur brut par habitant, la variable dependante etant le taux de mortalite maternelle. Les calculs montrent que 77 % des variations du taux de mortalite maternelle sont expliques par le modele. Le personnel de sante assume un role important. En effet, la densite des medecins est une variable significative : un accroissement de 10 % de cette densite peut introduire une decroissance de 2 % du taux de mortalite maternelle. La densite des infirmieres et sages-femmes est aussi porteuse d'un impact positif sur la baisse de la mortalite maternelle. Ces resultats globaux sont encourageants. Neanmoins, il ne faut pas oublier le degre eleve d'heterogeneite des donnees nationales, ainsi que leurs imperfections. D'autre part, a l'interieur de chaque pays, des differences considerables existent entre diverses regions et la significativite du modele reste a demontrer au plan intra-national.