Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tail beat synchronization during schooling requires a functional lateral line system in giant danios, Devario aequipinnatus.

Swimming in schools has long been hypothesized to allow fish to save energy. Fish must exploit the energy from the wakes of their neighbors for maximum energy savings, a feat that requires them to both synchronize their tail movements and stay in certain positions relative to their neighbors. To maintain position in a school, we know that fish use multiple sensory systems, mainly their visual and flow sensing lateral line system. However, how fish synchronize their swimming movements in a school is still not well understood. Here we test the hypothesis that this synchronization may depend on functional differences in the two branches of the lateral line sensory system that detects water movements close to the fish's body. The anterior branch, located on the head, encounters largely undisturbed free-stream flow, while the posterior branch, located on the trunk and tail, encounters flow that has been affected strongly by the tail movement. Thus, we hypothesize that the anterior branch may be more important for regulating position within the school, while the posterior branch may be more important for synchronizing tail movements. Our study examines functional differences in the anterior and posterior lateral line in the structure and tail synchronization of fish schools. We used a widely available aquarium fish that schools, the giant danio, Devario equipinnatus. Fish swam in a large circular tank where stereoscopic videos recordings were used to reconstruct the 3 D position of each individual within the school and to track tail kinematics to quantify synchronization. For one fish in each school, we ablated using cobalt chloride either the anterior region only, the posterior region only, or the entire lateral line system. We observed that ablating any region of the lateral line system causes fish to swim in a "box" or parallel swimming formation, which was different from the diamond formation observed in normal fish. Ablating only the anterior region did not substantially reduce tail beat synchronization but ablating only the posterior region caused fish to stop synchronizing their tail beats, largely because the tail beat frequency increased dramatically. Thus, the anterior and posterior lateral line system appear to have different behavioral functions in fish. Most importantly, we showed that the posterior lateral line system played a major role in determining tail beat synchrony in schooling fish. Without synchronization, swimming efficiency decreases, which can have an impact on the fitness of the individual fish and group.
Global changes to the chemotherapy service during the covid-19 pandemic

Purpose In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, changes to chemotherapy services were implemented as a means of managing imposed workload strains within health services and protecting patients from contracting COVID-19. Given the rapidly evolving nature of the pandemic many changes were rapidly adopted and were not substantiated by robust evidence. This study aimed to describe the changes adopted internationally to chemotherapy services, which may be used to guide future changes to treatment delivery. Methods A survey was developed to understand the impact of COVID-19 on the delivery of systemic anti-cancer therapies (SACT). It comprised 22 questions and examined the strategies implemented during the pandemic to prioritise and protect patients receiving SACT and the participants’ professional opinion of the strategies employed. The survey was available in English, Spanish and French and was distributed via professional bodies. Results 129 responses were obtained from healthcare professionals working across 17 different countries. 45% of institutions had to implement treatment prioritisation strategies and all hospitals implemented changes in the delivery of treatment, including: reduction in treatments (69%), using less immunosuppressive agents (50%), allowing treatment breaks (14%) and switching to oral therapies (45%). Virtual clinic visits were perceived by participants as the most effective strategy to protect patients. Conclusions The pandemic has forced chemotherapy healthcare professionals to adopt new ways of working by reducing health interactions. Many areas of research are needed following this period, including understanding patients’ perceptions of risks to treatment, utilisation of oral treatments and the impact of treatment breaks on cancer outcomes.
Propagation of F-actin disassembly via Myosin15-Mical interactions

Cells shape and remodel themselves using specific transport mechanisms to locally expand their breakdown. The F-actin cytoskeleton drives cellular form and function. However, how F-actin-based changes occur with spatiotemporal precision and specific directional orientation is poorly understood. Here, we identify that the unconventional class XV myosin [Myosin 15 (Myo15)] physically and functionally interacts with the F-actin disassembly enzyme Mical to spatiotemporally position cellular breakdown and reconstruction. Specifically, while unconventional myosins have been associated with transporting cargo along F-actin to spatially target cytoskeletal assembly, we now find they also target disassembly. Myo15 specifically positions this F-actin disassembly by associating with Mical and using its motor and MyTH4-FERM cargo-transporting functions to broaden Mical’s distribution. Myo15’s broadening of Mical’s distribution also expands and directionally orients Mical-mediated F-actin disassembly and subsequent cellular remodeling, including in response to Semaphorin/Plexin cell surface activation signals. Thus, we identify a mechanism that spatiotemporally propagates F-actin disassembly while also proposing that other F-actin-trafficked-cargo is derailed by this disassembly to directionally orient rebuilding.
Differential cardiopulmonary monitoring system for artifact-canceled physiological tracking of athletes, workers, and COVID-19 patients

Wearable electronics with dual-sensing modalities enable artifact-free health monitoring through differential detection. Soft, skin-integrated electronic sensors can provide continuous measurements of diverse physiological parameters, with broad relevance to the future of human health care. Motion artifacts can, however, corrupt the recorded signals, particularly those associated with mechanical signatures of cardiopulmonary processes. Design strategies introduced here address this limitation through differential operation of a matched, time-synchronized pair of high-bandwidth accelerometers located on parts of the anatomy that exhibit strong spatial gradients in motion characteristics. When mounted at a location that spans the suprasternal notch and the sternal manubrium, these dual-sensing devices allow measurements of heart rate and sounds, respiratory activities, body temperature, body orientation, and activity level, along with swallowing, coughing, talking, and related processes, without sensitivity to ambient conditions during routine daily activities, vigorous exercises, intense manual labor, and even swimming. Deployments on patients with COVID-19 allow clinical-grade ambulatory monitoring of the key symptoms of the disease even during rehabilitation protocols.
Relationship between Honesty-Humility and Cyberbullying Perpetration: A Moderated Mediation Model

Previous studies have verified the roles of big five personalities in cyberbullying perpetration (CP). The Big Five model has been revised to include an additional dimension, called Honesty-Humility (HH). It is not clear whether HH would be associated with CP. Thus, the effect of HH on CP was examined. To further explore this influencing mechanism, materialism was examined as a mediator, and parental psychological control (PPC) was examined as a moderator in the relationship between HH and CP. A total of 1,004 Chinese adolescents (M = 12.95, SD =1.12) participated in this study using a cross-sectional design and multiple questionnaires, namely, the Honesty-Humility subscale of the 24-item Brief HEXACO Inventory, the Revised Cyber Bullying Inventory, the Material Values Scale for Children, and the Parental Control Questionnaire. Correlation analyses indicated that CP, materialism, and PPC were significantly and positively correlated with each other, and were significantly and negatively associated with HH. The mediation model revealed that materialism played a mediating role in the relationship between HH and CP. The moderated mediation model revealed that stronger PPC strengthened the direct associations of HH with materialism and CP, and further strengthened the indirect relationship between HH and CP. Specifically, Chinese adolescents with lower levels of HH were more likely to build material values and further engaged in cyberbullying perpetration, when they perceived stronger PPC.
Common coding of expected value and value uncertainty memories in the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia output

Long-term object value and value uncertainty memories are encoded in a correlated and granular fashion in corticobasal circuitry. Recent evidence implicates both basal ganglia and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) in encoding value memories. However, comparative roles of cortical and basal nodes in value memory are not well understood. Here, single-unit recordings in vlPFC and substantia nigra reticulata (SNr), within macaque monkeys, revealed a larger value signal in SNr that was nevertheless correlated with and had a comparable onset to the vlPFC value signal. The value signal was maintained for many objects (>90) many weeks after reward learning and was resistant to extinction in both regions and to repetition suppression in vlPFC. Both regions showed comparable granularity in encoding expected value and value uncertainty, which was paralleled by enhanced gaze bias during free viewing. The value signal dynamics in SNr could be predicted by combining responses of vlPFC neurons according to their value preferences consistent with a scheme in which cortical neurons reached SNr via direct and indirect pathways.
Solvothermal preparation of Ag nanoparticle and graphene co-loaded TiO2 for the photocatalytic degradation of paraoxon pesticide under visible light irradiation

The growing use of organophosphorus compounds such as paraoxon as agriculture pesticides results in their accumulation in soils and groundwater. Therefore there is a high demand for developing efficient methods for removing these materials from contaminated environmental resources. In this study, Ag nanoparticle and graphene co-loaded TiO2 with various contents of Ag and graphene was prepared via a facile surfactant free solvothermal method in a mixture of water and ethanol solvents and was applied, for the first time, for the photocatalytic degradation of paraoxon (as a model organophosphorus compound) under visible light irradiation. In this ternary nanocomposite, the presence of Ag nanoparticles is for narrowing the band gap to the visible region due to its surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect and the presence of graphene is for diminishing the recombination rate of the photogenerated electron and holes due to its high electrical conductivity. The results of photocatalytic activity tests demonstrate that the nanocomposite with 6% wt Ag and 1% wt graphene content has the best photocatalytic activity among the products. Investigation of the chemical state of the nanocomposites showed that the covering of Ag nanoparticle loaded TiO2 with a high weight ratio of graphene resulted in the formation of Ag–O bonds through bonding of Ag to the oxygen functional groups of graphene which causes a decrease of the SPR effect of Ag and by this way decreases the photocatalytic activity. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used as analytical tool for determination of the photocatalytic reaction intermediates. GC-MS analysis results show that photodegradation of paraoxon produces 4-nitrophenol, di-ethylphosphate, mono-ethylphosphate, hydroquinone and hydroxyhydroquinone as major intermediates and subsequent photodegradation of these results in complete mineralization of paraoxon.
Neferine promotes the apoptosis of HNSCC through the accumulation of p62/SQSTM1 caused by autophagic flux inhibition

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), one of the most common malignancies worldwide, often has a poor prognosis due to the associated metastasis and chemoresistance. Hence, the development of more effective chemotherapeutics is critical. Neferine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera (common name: Lotus), exerts antitumor effects by regulating apoptosis and autophagy pathways, making it a potential therapeutic option for HNSCC. In our study, it was revealed that neferine inhibited the growth and induced the apoptosis of HNSCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the results revealed that neferine activated the ASK1/JNK pathway by increasing reactive oxygen species production, resulting in the subsequent induction of apoptosis and the regulation of canonical autophagy in HNSCC cells. Moreover, a novel pro-apoptotic mechanism was described for neferine via the activation of caspase-8 following the accumulation of p62, which was caused by autophagic flux inhibition. These findings provided insights into the mechanisms responsible for the anticancer effect of neferine, specifically highlighting the crosstalk that occured between apoptosis and autophagy, which was mediated by p62 in HNSCC. Hence, the neferine-induced inhibition of autophagic flux may serve as the basis for a potential adjuvant therapy for HNSCC.
Expanded Analysis of 20 Pneumococcal Serotypes Associated With Radiographically Confirmed Community-acquired Pneumonia in Hospitalized US Adults

Abstract Background Streptococcus pneumoniae is a causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) has significantly decreased the burden of PCV13-serotype pneumococcal disease; however, disease from nonvaccine serotypes remains substantial. A recent study documented the persistence of PCV13 serotypes among US adults hospitalized with radiographically confirmed CAP. The current analysis used a recently developed urinary antigen detection (UAD) assay (UAD2) to extend these results to additional serotypes included in an investigational PCV20 vaccine. Methods This prospective study enrolled adults aged ≥18 years hospitalized with radiographically confirmed CAP between October 2013 and September 2016. Presence of S pneumoniae was determined by blood and respiratory sample culture, BinaxNOW urine testing, and UAD. In addition to Quellung on cultured isolates when available, serotypes were identified from urine specimens using UAD1 for PCV13 serotypes and UAD2 for 7 PCV20-unique serotypes (8, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15B, 22F, and 33F) and 4 additional serotypes (2, 9N, 17F, and 20). Results Among 12 055 subjects with radiographically confirmed CAP, 1482 were positive for S pneumoniae. PCV13- and PCV20-unique serotypes were associated with 37.7% (n = 559) and 27.0% (n = 400) of cases, respectively; 288 subjects were exclusively diagnosed as positive for S pneumoniae by UAD2. Demographic and clinical disease characteristics were similar between subjects with CAP caused by PCV13 and PCV20-unique serotypes. Conclusions The current analysis using UAD2 identified a sizeable proportion of hospitalized adult CAP associated with PCV20-unique serotypes. PCV20 may therefore address the burden of CAP caused by the additional serotypes present in the vaccine.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha expression is increased in maternal microvascular endothelial cells in preeclampsia

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the expression and effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in maternal endothelial cells in preeclampsia (PE). Methods: Expression levels in primary microvascular endothelial cells (MVEC) isolated from patients with severe preeclampsia (PE) and normal pregnancies were determined by RT-qPCR with or without treatment of TNFα and inhibitors for downstream signaling. Results: PE MVEC exhibited increased basal TNFα expression. TNFα treatment increased TNFα, VCAM, and endocan expression in MVEC. Conclusion: TNFα expression is increased in PE MVEC and the treatment of these cells with exogenous TNFα modifies their gene expression.
The effect of laser irradiation on reducing the noise of solid-state nanopore

The performance of solid-state nanopore is affected by the noise level. This study aimed to investigate the effect of laser irradiation on the noise performance of solid-state nanopore in situ. Laser irradiation is applied to fresh and contaminated nanopores. The measurement results show that the noise of fresh and contaminated nanopores decreases with the laser power and there is a threshold of laser power in reducing the noise of contaminated nanopores. The possible reasons for reducing noise in the laser irradiation process are discussed. The laser treatment is proven to provide a convenient method for reducing the noise of solid-state nanopore.
The human WNT5A isoforms display similar patterns of expression but distinct and overlapping activities in normal human osteoblasts

WNT5A activates noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways and has critical functions in early development, differentiation, and tissue homeostasis. Two major WNT5A protein isoforms, which in this study we term WNT5A‐L(A) and WNT5A‐S(B), have been identified that differ by 18 AA at their amino terminus. Functional differences between the isoforms have been indicated in studies utilizing cancer cell lines but the activities of the isoforms in normal cells and during differentiation have not been explored. We examined the WNT5A isoforms in the normal osteoblast cell line hFOB1.19. WNT5A‐L(A) and WNT5A‐S(B) transcripts increased from Days 3 to 21 of differentiation but WNT5A‐S(B) showed a greater fold‐change. In undifferentiated cells, there are 2‐fold more WNT5A‐L(A) than WNT5A‐S(B) transcripts. Total intracellular WNT5A protein increased up to 3‐fold during differentiation. siRNA knockdown of total WNT5A leads to a decrease in the expression of the differentiation markers, osteocalcin and RUNX2. Conditioned medium containing the isoform proteins [CM‐L(A) and CM‐S(B)] was used to analyze the effects of the isoforms on β‐catenin and noncanonical signaling, proliferation, gene expression, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Treatment with both CM‐L(A) and CM‐S(B) reduced β‐catenin signaling. CM‐L(A) but not CM‐S(B) significantly increased the proliferation of nondifferentiated hFOB1.19 cells. CM‐L(A) enhanced osteocalcin transcripts over 2‐fold in differentiating cells, whereas CM‐S(B) had no effect. Analysis of differentiating cells up to Day 21 revealed no significant effect of treatment with CM‐L(A) or CM‐S(B) on ALP activity or osteocalcin gene expression. pJNK levels were unaffected in proliferating cells by treatment with neither isoform. pPKC increased slightly in CM‐L(A)‐treated cells at 15 min but by 2 h pPKC levels were less than the control. CM‐S(B) had a more robust effect on pPKC levels that continued up to 2 h. Together these results suggest that the WNT5A isoforms have distinct and overlapping functions in normal osteoblasts.
Post-diagnosis young-onset dementia care in the National Disability Insurance Scheme

Objective: Post-diagnosis service delivery for young-onset dementia (with onset prior to 65 years) recently moved to the disability system in an attempt to address systemic barriers to best practice in aged care. The objective of this study was to examine experiences and satisfaction with disability services so far among people with young-onset dementia and their care partners and identify strategies for service and system improvement. Methods: The 151 participating Australians living with young-onset dementia or providing informal care to a person with young-onset dementia were recruited via social media, advocacy bodies and specialist medical clinics. A cross-sectional online survey asked participants to provide a timeline of their interactions with the disability system so far and rate their satisfaction with the disability system, aged care and disability services. Results: Participants reported a mean age at symptom onset of 55 years. In all, 53% were diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease and 25% were diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia. Sixty percent had received an approved plan from the National Disability Insurance Scheme, although 3% were rejected. More than 27% waited longer than 6 months to receive their plan, and half waited at least a month post-approval to access services. Less than 30% agreed that the National Disability Insurance Scheme understands dementia, and fewer than half felt that the process of accessing National Disability Insurance Scheme funding is easy and fast enough. Nonetheless, respondents remained overwhelmingly in favour of young-onset dementia services remaining in the disability system rather than in aged care. Conclusions: While people with young-onset dementia and their care partners strongly agree with their inclusion in the National Disability Insurance Scheme, a relatively low level of experience with dementia in the disability workforce and a lack of integration with the healthcare and aged care systems continue to create important barriers for accessing the services they need.
Cryptotanshinone, a novel PDK 4 inhibitor, suppresses bladder cancer cell invasiveness via the mTOR/β-catenin/N-cadherin axis

The phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) 4 inhibits its ability to induce a glycolytic shift. PDK4 expression is upregulated in various types of human cancer. Because PDK4 regulation is critical for metabolic changes in cancer cells, it is an attractive target for cancer therapy given its ability to shift glucose metabolism. It was previously shown that a novel PDK4 inhibitor, cryptotanshinone (CPT), suppressed the three-dimensional (3D)-spheroid formation of pancreatic and colorectal cancer cells. In the present study, the effects of CPT on the invasiveness of bladder cancer cells were investigated. CPT significantly suppressed the invasiveness and 3D-spheroid formation of T24 and J82 bladder cancer cells. CPT also suppressed the phosphorylation of PDH and β-catenin, as well as the expression of N-cadherin, which are all critical for inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The knockdown of β-catenin or PDK4 using specific small interfering RNAs suppressed N-cadherin expression and invasiveness in T24 cells. An mTOR inhibitor also suppressed the phosphorylation of β-catenin and N-cadherin expression. Furthermore, CPT injection significantly suppressed pancreatic tumor growth and peritoneal dissemination of highly metastatic SUIT-2 pancreatic cancer cells in a mouse orthotopic pancreatic cancer model, without evident toxicity. Moreover, immunohistochemistry analyses demonstrated decreased β-catenin expression in CPT-treated pancreatic tumors compared with control tumors. Taken together, these results indicate that CPT reduced the invasiveness and metastasis of bladder cancer cells by suppressing EMT via the mTOR/β-catenin/N-cadherin pathway.