Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Length-tension relationship in isolated canine cerebral arteries.

Reactivity of vascular smooth muscles to vasoactive agents and electrical stimulation depends on the extent of stretch given to the muscles (1,2). Dependence of the developed tension on the passive tension caused by stretching the muscles varies in different arteries and in different species. In this laboratory, experiments with canine cerebral arteries have been carried out by adjusting the passive tension to 1:5 g, because this tension induces greater contractions in response to serotonin and K+, as compared with the lower (0.5 and 1 g) and higher (2 g) passive tension (Toda, unpublished data). The present study describes the quantitative re-evaluation of the length-tension relationship and the optimal passive tension or the optimal increase in the length of smooth muscles for inducing the maximum contractile response to serotonin in isolated canine cerebral arteries. Under anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital, mongrel dogs (7 to 15 kg body weight) were sacrificed by exsanguination from carotid arteries, and the brain was removed. Cerebral arteries (basilar and middle cerebral arteries) of approx. 0.5 to 0.8 mm outside diameter were isolated and helically cut at an angle of approx. 45 ° into strips. The specimen was fixed vertically between hooks under various resting tensions in the muscle bath containing the nutrient solution, which was maintained at 37 •}0.5•Ž and aerated with a mixture of 95% O2 and 5% CO2. Isometric contractions were recorded. Preparations were allowed to equilibrate for 60 to 90 min in control media, before the experiments were begun. The
Implementation of Node Authentication Algorithm of In-Vehicle Network in Connected Car

Responding to the latest developments in information communication technology, the connected car that support autonomous driving or services is actively underway. A connected car is a vehicle connected to an external network through wireless communication. It improves user convenience and stability of vehicle through various external connections. However, there is a problem of security against intrusion from the outside. This security issues are resolved by encrypting the entire data within the controller area network (CAN) network system, but that can be time-consuming and cause the authentication process to be carried out in the event of a certification procedure. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an intrusion detection algorithm for the in-vehicle network of the connected car. The proposed algorithm can detect encryption and authentication techniques by detecting and identifying external intruders when identifying external intruder's password and authentication techniques. Additionally, we develop an intrusion detection algorithm to minimize the burden of the vehicle’s electronic control unit (ECU) a system using node authentication algorithm.
11C-Choline-Pet Guided Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Lymph Node Metastases in Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer

ABSTRACT Introduction: aim is outcome of 11C-Choline-PET guided SBRT on lymph node metastases. Materials and methods: patients with 1 – 4 lymph node metastases detected by 11C-choline-PET were treated with SBRT. Toxicity, treated metastases control and Progression Free Survival were computed. Results: twenty-six patients, 38 lymph node metastases were irradiated. No grade ≥ 2 toxicity. Median PSA-nadir after RT was 1.02 ng/mL. Post-treatment 11C-Choline-PET showed metabolic complete response in 17 metastases (44,7%), partial response in 9 metastases (38%). Conclusion: SBRT is effective and safe for lymph node metastases. PET is important in identification of gross tumor and evaluation of the response.
Kinematics and laxity of a linked total elbow arthroplasty following computer navigated implant positioning

Aseptic loosening in total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) remains the most common cause of long-term failure. While several different mechanisms of implant loosening have been suggested, it is likely that one important underlying cause is implant malpositioning, resulting in changes in joint kinematics and loading. Although use of computer navigation has been shown to improve component positioning in other joints, no such system currently exists for the elbow. This study used real-time computer feedback for humeral, ulnar, and radial component positioning in 11 cadaveric extremities. An elbow motion simulator evaluated joint kinematics. Endosteal abutment of the stems of the humeral and ulnar components precluded optimal positioning in 5 and 6 specimens, respectively. Loss of the normal valgus angulation following elbow arthroplasty (p < 0.05) suggests that errors in humeral component positioning translate directly into changes in joint kinematics during active motion. These findings suggest that although computer navigation can reproduce normal joint kinematics, optimal implant positioning may require a TEA system which allows for some modularity to accommodate the normal variations in osseous morphology of the elbow.
Exosome in intestinal mucosal immunity

Intercellular communication of immune cells is critical to elicit efficient inflammatory responses. In intestinal mucosa, imbalance in pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory mediators, especially cytokines and chemokines, characterizes the underlying immune mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease. Exosomes, small membrane vesicles secreted into the extracellular environment, are emerging as another important intercellular messenger in immune responses. A major recent breakthrough in this field unveils the capacity of exosomes to mediate the functional transfer of genetic materials (mRNAs and miRNAs) between immune cells. RAB27A and RAB27B are two small GTPases involved in exosome secretion. With respect to intestinal mucosal immunity, increased number of RAB27A‐positive immune cells and RAB27B‐positive immune cells are demonstrated in the colonic mucosa of patients with active ulcerative colitis as compared with that of healthy controls. This indicates the important role of exosome‐mediated immune responses in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Here, we will discuss the immune properties of exosomes and recent advances in their function with a special focus on intestinal mucosal immunity.
Problem‐solving ability and comorbid personality disorders in depressed outpatients

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with poor problem‐solving abilities. In addition, certain personality disorders (PDs) that are common among patients with MDD are also associated with limited problem‐solving skills. Attempts to understand the relationship between PDs and problem solving can be complicated by the presence of acute MDD. Our objective in this study was to investigate the relationships between PDs, problem‐solving skills, and response to treatment among outpatients with MDD. We enrolled 312 outpatients with MDD in an open, fixed‐dose, 8‐week fluoxetine trial. PD diagnoses were ascertained via structured clinical interview before and after fluoxetine treatment. Subjects completed the Problem‐Solving Inventory (PSI) at both time points. We used analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) to assess relationships between PD diagnoses and PSI scores prior to treatment. Subjects were divided into three groups: those with PD diagnoses that remained stable after fluoxetine treatment (N=91), those who no longer met PD criteria after fluoxetine treatment (N=119), and those who did not meet criteria for a PD at any time point in the study (N=95). We used multiple χ2 analyses to compare rates of MDD response and remission between the three PD groups. ANCOVA was also used to compare posttreatment PSI scores between PD groups. Prior to fluoxetine treatment, patients with avoidant, dependent, narcissistic, and borderline PDs reported significantly worse problem‐solving ability than did patients without any PDs. Only subjects with dependent PD remained associated with poorer baseline problem‐solving reports after the effects of baseline depression severity were controlled. Patients with stable PD diagnoses had significantly lower rates of MDD remission. Across PD groups, problem solving improved as MDD improved. No significant differences in posttreatment problem‐solving were found between PD groups after controlling for baseline depression severity, baseline PSI score, and response to treatment. Treatment with fluoxetine is less likely to lead to remission of MDD in patients with stable PDs. More study is needed to investigate causal links between PDs, problem solving, and MDD treatment response. Depression and Anxiety 23:496–501, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis C and the Risk of Kidney Disease and Mortality in Veterans With HIV

Objectives:To examine the effect of hepatitis C virus (HCV) on the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among veterans with HIV and to evaluate independent associations of HCV and CKD with mortality. Methods:We studied a national cohort of HIV-infected patients receiving care through the Veterans Healthcare Administration from 1998 to 2004. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)] < 60. Poisson regression was used to assess relationships between CKD, HCV, and mortality. Results:Among 23,155 HIV-infected veterans, 12% had CKD. Forty percent of the cohort was coinfected with HCV, and a higher proportion of coinfected subjects had CKD compared with monoinfected subjects (14% vs 11%, P < 0.001). During the median follow-up of 7.6 years, 37% of subjects died and a graduated increase in adjusted mortality rates occurred with lower levels of eGFR (P < 0.001). Adjusted mortality rates were consistently higher in HCV-coinfected subjects across all levels of eGFR (P < 0.001). HCV was independently associated with increased mortality (incidence rate ratio 1.23, 95% confidence interval 1.17-1.29). Conclusions:CKD is prevalent in HIV-infected veterans and associated with substantially higher mortality. Compared with their monoinfected counterparts, veterans coinfected with HCV have significantly higher rates of CKD and mortality.
A fuzzy neural classifier for pattern classification

A novel fuzzy neural classifier (FNC) and its learning algorithm are proposed. This FNC can learn the membership function of each fuzzy class from training samples. The learning speed of the FNC is fast. Simulation results on the learning and estimation of the membership functions of one-dimensional samples are presented. <<ETX>>
Development of sub-100 µW microwave RTD VCOs

An extremely low dc power RTD VCO IC is demonstrated by utilizing a single-mode topology. The single-mode RTD VCO is implemented using a sealed down RTD with an emitter size of 0.7×0.7 µm2. The fabricated single-mode RTD VCO shows the extremely low dc power consumption of 59 µW in the core part at 12.2 GHz. To the authors' best knowledge, the obtained core dc power consumption is the lowest reported up to date in the Ku band. In addition, the second harmonic balanced RTD VCO is also fabricated in the same MMIC technology to reduce the total dc power consumption based on a push-push principle. The fabricated second harmonic RTD VCO shows the total dc power consumption of sub-100 µW in the Ka band.
Real-time vehicle following through a novel symmetry-based approach

This paper describes a novel approach to real-time vehicle following. A scheme, called "symmetry axis detection and filtering based on symmetry constraints", is proposed and has been implemented. This scheme incorporates many elements of our research efforts in sensor-based control of mobile robots and manipulators. The proposed algorithm detects and tracks the rear portion of the exterior of a leading vehicle via a camera mounted on a vehicle that belongs to a platoon. Our scheme uses the symmetry property of the shape of most vehicles. In particular, our technique takes advantage of the stable contour symmetry instead of the intensity symmetry. An algorithm that employs a voting technique is proposed in order to detect the vertical symmetry axis of the leading vehicle. A filtering method based on symmetry constraints is performed to eliminate the pixels which do not contribute to the leading vehicle's contour. As a result of the filtering, a distinct symmetric contour is obtained. Robustness and real-time performance of the symmetry-based scheme are greatly enhanced by using an adaptive processing window, the local symmetry properties, and a filtering procedure.
Whistler mode turbulence generated by electron beams in earth's bow shock

Abstract : In this study, the Landau and cyclotron growth rates of whistler mode waves in Earth's bow shock are calculated using electron distribution functions obtained with the fast plasma experiment on ISEE 2. Three electron distribution functions measured within the transition region of the shock are analyzed. An important feature of these electron distribution functions is the presence of a field-aligned beam with a T sub perpendicular T sub parallel anisotropy. The beam velocity vector is directed toward the magnetosheath. The calculations show that the electron distribution functions spontaneously generate whistler mode waves with plasma rest frame frequencies between about . 1 and 100 Hz. The wave normal angles of the generated whistlers range from 0 deg to the resonance cone angle. Electromagnetic Landau resonance and/or cyclotron resonance contribute to wave growth over the range of velocity distributions observed. The waves that are generated by the normal cyclotrom resonance have wave vectors directed toward the solar wind while those that are generated by the Landau and the anomalous cyclotron resonances have wave vectors directed toward the magnetosheath. The predictions of the study are in qualitative agreement with observations of whistler mode waves near Earth's bow shock. (Author)
Large changes in intracellular pH and calcium observed during heat shock are not responsible for the induction of heat shock proteins in Drosophila melanogaster

Heat shock caused significant changes in intracellular pH (pHi) and intracellular free calcium concentration [( Ca2+]i) which occurred rapidly after temperature elevation. pHi fell from a resting level value at 25 degrees C of 7.38 +/- 0.02 (mean +/- standard error of the mean, n = 15) to 6.91 +/- 0.11 (n = 7) at 35 degrees C. The resting level value of [Ca2+]i in single Drosophila melanogaster larval salivary gland cells was 198 +/- 31 nM (n = 4). It increased approximately 10-fold, to 1,870 +/- 770 nM (n = 4), during a heat shock. When salivary glands were incubated in calcium-free, ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA)-buffered medium, the resting level value of [Ca2+]i was reduced to 80 +/- 7 nM (n = 3), and heat shock resulted in a fourfold increase in [Ca2+]i to 353 +/- 90 nM (n = 3). The intracellular free-ion concentrations of Na+, K+, Cl-, and Mg2+ were 9.6 +/- 0.8, 101.9 +/- 1.7, 36 +/- 1.5, and 2.4 +/- 0.2 mM, respectively, and remained essentially unchanged during a heat shock. Procedures were devised to mimic or block the effects of heat shock on pHi and [Ca2+]i and to assess their role in the induction of heat shock proteins. We report here that the changes in [Ca2+]i and pHi which occur during heat shock are not sufficient, nor are they required, for a complete induction of the heat shock response.
Comparitive analysis of various cloud based biomedcial services

Cloud computing is one of the vast field which provide the users with software's on lease. Cloud computing not only benefiting the computer science world but also it is beneficial for biomedical stream too. Cloud based e-health services can provide a better environment to the patient where he/she can get all kind of medical care that will be given in the hospital. Therefore it saves a lot time of the users by just sending all kind of necessary real time analyzed data to the doctor via cloud and gets prescribed medicine. In this paper we will study various biomedical services that have been provided on cloud. Also we will make a comparative study of these cloud based biomedical services at the end of the paper.
Problems of Life, An Evaluation of Modern Biological Thought

to biologists as one of the leaders in the attempt to develop biology as an autonomous science with its own laws. This attempt gives to the organic sciences perspectives of thought which seem often to have been lost by the one-sided influence of the inorganic sciences which developed earlier. The necessity for a reorientation was clearly stated and analysed in the theory of stratification of reality in the ontology of Nicolai Hartmann. The approach chosen by the author and developed and elaborated in broad outlines is the so-called organismic concept. This is contrasted with vitalism and mechanism in an attempt to solve this age-old dispute. The organism is here conceived as a system which is a complex of elements in mutual interaction, this system having a dynamic hierarchial order and an autonomy of its own. The book is fundamentally an elaboration of this conception of the organism. This theory of dynamic structure of living organisms and the interpretations and schemes derived from it are of extreme importance for every branch of biology. It permits a description of biological organization in scientific terms, i.e., laws governing organization within living matter. The author describes biological phenomena at all levels of organization (physico-chemical, cellular, organismic, and communal) strictly within the framework provided by this concept. The examples chosen are taken principally from zoology. The book is written in sufficiently broad terms to be easily comprehensi-ble. The reader who desires a more specific and exact language should consult the author's Theoretische Biologie, volumes I and II. The present book is an important one and one hopes it will find the place it deserves in the development of biology. The author shows clearly that biology is not an accumulation of facts but rather a constant re-interpretation of the problems of organic systems.
Refiguring “Race”: Epidemiology, Racialized Biology, and Biological Expressions of Race Relations

Given growing appreciation of how race/ethnicity is a social, not biological, construct, some epidemiologists are proposing that studies omit data on “race” and instead collect better socioeconomic data. This suggestion, however, ignores a growing body of evidence on how noneconomic as well as economic aspects of racial discrimination are embodied and harm health across the lifecourse. Developing a critical epidemiology of social inequalities in health will, at the very least, require incorporating thoughtful measures of race/ethnicity and social class in epidemiological studies and public health surveillance systems.
Control System Development of a Hexarot-Based High-G Centrifugal Simulator

Hexarot is a type of the axisymmetric parallel mechanisms which has become increasingly popular for use as high-G simulators. This paper presents the design and control system development of a hexarot simulator for high acceleration motions. The kinematic formulation of the mechanism is developed for the control system development of the manipulator. PID controller is then designed to extract the moments of active joints based on the inverse kinematics of the mechanism. The linear and angular positions of the manipulator are investigated for different frequencies. The obtained results show that the under-study mechanism is appropriate for a high-G motion simulator.
Furin-Processed Antigens Targeted to the Secretory Route Elicit Functional TAP1−/−CD8+ T Lymphocytes In Vivo1

Most pathogen-derived peptides recognized by CD8+ CTL are produced by proteasomes and delivered to the endoplasmic reticulum by the TAP transporters associated with Ag processing. Alternative proteases also produce antigenic peptides, but their actual relevance is unclear. There is a need to quantify the contribution of these supplementary pathways in vitro and in vivo. A well-defined TAP-independent secretory route of Ag processing involves the trans-Golgi network protease furin. Quantitation of this route by using OVA constructs encoded by vaccinia viruses indicates that it provides approximately one-third of all surface complexes of peptide and MHC class I molecules. Generation of the epitope carboxyl terminus is a dramatic rate-limiting step, since bypassing it increased efficiency by at least 1000-fold. Notably, the secretory construct activated a similar percentage of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells in wild type as in TAP1-deficient mice, which allow only secretory routes but which have a 10- to 20-fold smaller CD8 compartment. Moreover, these TAP1−/− OVA-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes accomplished elimination of epitope-bearing cells in vivo. The results obtained with this experimental system underscore the potential of secretory pathways of MHC class I Ag presentation to elicit functional CD8+ T lymphocytes in vivo and support the hypothesis that noncytosolic processing mechanisms may compensate in vivo for the lack of proteasome participation in Ag processing in persons genetically deficient in TAP and thus contribute to pathogen control.
Identification and Localization of a Protein Immunologically Related to Caltractin (Centrin) in the Myonemes and Membranelles of the Heterotrich Ciliate Stentor coeruleus

Abstract. The contractile properties of the myonemes of Stentor are very similar to caltractin (centrin)‐containing fibers of other organisms. We investigated whether the calcium‐binding protein caltractin was present in Stentor by using three different antibodies to caltractin or caltractin‐related proteins, in conjunction with immunofluorescence microscopy and protein blotting. Immunofluorescence demonstrated that a protein immunologically similar to caltractin is present in the myonemes and in the bases of the membranelles of Stentor. The localization to the myonemes is observed in intact cells, osmotically lysed cells, and isolated cortices. Double‐label immunofluorescence with anti‐α‐tubulin and anti‐caltractin antibodies showed that the fluorescence in the myonemes was not in the overlying Km fibers. The myonemes in the posterior one‐third of the cell appear as thick fibers with no cross‐bridging. They become thinner as they approach the anterior end of the cell and show extensive cross‐bridging here. Staining in the bases of the membranelles shows a distinct comma‐like immunofluorescence pattern similar to that seen with protargol‐stained cells and SEM views of the membranellar band reported by others. Western blots demonstrated that the caltractin‐like protein in Stentor has an apparent molecular weight of 23 kDa compared with the 20‐kDa protein from Chlamydomonas and is a calcium‐binding protein.
Unsupervised probabilistic segmentation of motion data for mimesis modeling

Humanoid developments express the need for intelligent learning systems that can automatically realize behavior acquisition and symbol emergence. In the framework of mimesis model, we present an unsupervised dynamic HMM-based algorithm in order to analyze vectorial motion data. The efficiency of this algorithm is demonstrated by segmenting continuous sequence of real movements. We also propose to use it as the first level of an information treatment system by associating it with a recognition process. Unlike other existing segmentation-recognition system, our segmentation process does not need any learning of the parameters that increases the flexibility of the whole segmentation-recognition system and the range of its possible applications