Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Test generation within an expert system environment

Gate-level test pattern generation (TPG) techniques are inadequate when considering the complexity and variety of today's circuits. Hence, more abstract approaches must be developed so that TPG efficiency can be increased and inherent bottleneck between test planning and TPG reduced. As an expert system attempts to model human reasoning [1], functional TPG approaches must be used within such an environment as opposed to algorithmic gate-level methods which are beyond the capability of human understanding, memory and reasoning, whereas functional approaches map directly to the human thought process; unfortunately these methods have not been fully developed. The paper discusses how such a test generation approach can be used within an expert system, furthermore a number of heuristics are described to show how TPG can be simplified within such an environment.
Dynamic modelling and simulation of IGCC process with Texaco gasifier using different coal

Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) is considered as a viable option for low emission power generation and carbon dioxide sequestration. As a part of the process of IGCC plant design and development, modelling and simulation study of the whole IGCC process is important for thermodynamic performance evaluation, study of carbon capture readiness and economic analysis. The work presented in the paper is to develop such a whole system model and simulation platform. A simplified dynamic model for the IGCC process is developed, in which Texaco gasifier is chosen to give the basic representation for the IGCC process. The chemical equilibriums principle is used to predict the syngas contents in the modelling procedure. The influences of key parameters to regulate the input such as oxygen/coal ratio and water/coal ratio to syngas generation are studied. The simulation results are validated by comparing with the industry data provided by the Lu-nan fertilizer factory. Water-shift reactor, gas turbine and heat recovery steam-generation modules are modelled to study the dynamic performance with respect to the variation from the input of syngas stream. The simulation results reveal the dynamic changes in the plant outputs, including gas temperature, power output and mole percentages of hydrogen and carbon dioxide in the syngas. The process dynamic responses with three types of coal inputs are studied in the paper and their dynamic variation trends are presented via the simulation results.
The impact of sales and operations planning practices on manufacturing operational performance

There is a lack of rigorous empirical studies directly examining the impact of sales and operations planning (S&OP) practices on manufacturing operational performance. This paper aims to fill this gap by analysing a sample of 725 manufacturers from 34 countries. Hypotheses relate internal S&OP, integration with suppliers (IS) and integration with customers with manufacturing operational performance (delivery, quality and flexibility). The constructs were validated with structural equation modelling and the hypotheses were tested using multiple stepwise regression. Our findings showed a positive and moderate-to-large effect of internal S&OP on manufacturing performance, controlling for firm size, country economic development and market dynamics. There was no significant impact of supply chain integration on manufacturing performance. However, we found that IS positively moderated the relationship between internal S&OP and performance, suggesting that firms with mature IS amplify the effect of internal S&OP on performance. The study is among the first to empirically and rigorously establish the impacts of S&OP practices on manufacturing performance, using a large sample of manufacturers spanning different countries, markets and firm sizes. Results show that S&OP practices have a broad impact across several performance dimensions and are a powerful lever for generating manufacturing performance.
Intercomparisons of Tropospheric Wind Velocities Measured by Multi-Frequency Wind Profilers and Rawinsonde

Concurrent measurements of three-dimensional wind velocities made with three co-located wind profilers operated at frequencies of 52 MHz, 449 MHz, and 1.29 GHz for the period 12–16 September 2017 are compared for the first time in this study. The velocity–azimuth display (VAD) method is employed to estimate the wind velocities. The result shows that, in the absence of precipitation, the root mean square difference (RMSD) in the horizontal wind speed velocities U and wind directions D between different pairs of wind profilers are, respectively, in the range of 0.94–0.99 ms−1 and 7.7–8.3°, and those of zonal wind component u and meridional wind component v are in the respective ranges of 0.91–1.02 ms−1 and 1.1–1.24 ms−1. However, the RMSDs between wind profilers and rawinsonde are in the range of 2.89–3.26 ms−1 for horizontal wind speed velocity and 11.17–14.48° for the wind direction, which are around 2–3 factors greater than those between the wind profilers on average. In addition to the RMSDs, MDs between wind profilers and radiosonde are around one order of magnitude larger than those between wind profilers. These results show that the RMSDs, MDs, and Stdds between radars are highly consistent with each other, and they are much smaller than those between radar and rawinsonde. This therefore suggests that the wind profiler-measured horizontal wind velocities are much more reliable, precise, and accurate than the rawinsonde measurement.
Analysis and implementation of full-bridge converter with current doubler rectifier

A zero voltage switching DC/DC converter is presented, which gives a stable output voltage and high circuit efficiency. In the adopted DC/DC converter, a full-bridge inverter with phase-shift PWM technique is used to achieve zero voltage switching for active power switches and to regulate the output voltage. To increase the converter efficiency at the transformer secondary side, a current doubler rectifier with the property of one diode conduction drop, frequency doubling in the output capacitor and low current rating in the transformer secondary winding are used in the adopted circuit. The detailed circuit operation, mathematical analysis and design example of the converter are presented. The measured full-load efficiency of a 100 kHz experimental prototype was higher than 92%. Experimental results are presented to verify the performance of the adopted circuit.
Variation in concentration of Shallot virus X in shallot plants at different developmental stages and its implication in diagnosis

Abstract Shallot is one of the major herbs extensively being used in global cuisine. Shallot, like onion and garlic, is infected by various viruses. Shallot virus X (ShVX) infects shallot and cause significant yield loss. In the present study for the first time, effort has been made to examine the load and distribution of ShVX in various parts of shallot plants. Our study indicates that there is uneven distribution of the virus in the plant which vary with different tissues as well as the age of the plant. Accordingly, choice of tissue and age of the selected tissue was found to be a determining factor in indexing process. It was found that bulb is the most suitable tissue for detection of ShVX followed by young leaf. This study also for the first time proved that ShVX is not a seed borne virus.
Big Data Contribution in Desktop and Mobile Devices Comparison, Regarding Airlines' Digital Brand Name Effect

Rising demand for optimized digital marketing strategies has led firms in a hunt to harvest every possible aspect indicating users’ experience and preference. People visit, regularly through the day, numerous websites using both desktop and mobile devices. For businesses to acknowledge device’s usage rates is extremely important. Thus, this research is focused on analyzing each device’s usage and their effect on airline firms’ digital brand name. In the first phase of the research, we gathered web data from 10 airline firms during an observation period of 180 days. We then proceeded in developing an exploratory model using Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping, as well as a predictive and simulation model using Agent-Based Modeling. We inferred that various factors of airlines’ digital brand name are affected by both desktop and mobile usage, with mobile usage having a slightly bigger impact on most of them, with gradually rising values. Desktop device usage also appeared to be quite significant, especially in traffic coming from referral sources. The paper’s contribution has been to provide a handful of time-accurate insights for marketeers, regarding airlines’ digital marketing strategies.
Influence of Copra Meal in the Lambs Diet on In Vitro Ruminal Kinetics and Greenhouse Gases Production

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of copra meal (the waste coconut of the oil industry) on in vitro ruminal kinetic and greenhouse gases production and on in vivo lamb performance. Twenty-eight male Rambouillet sheep (initial body weight 24.5 ± 3.9 kg) were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments: 0, 50, 100, and 150 g of copra meal/kg in their diet (dry matter basis). Final weight, weight gain, and feed intake were not affected (p > 0.05) by the copra meal addition. The gas production volume (V) decreased, and the gas production rate increased, in a linear trend (p < 0.05) as copra meal was added to the diet. In contrast, methane and CO2 production showed an opposite quadratic trend (p < 0.05), with the highest and lowest values reported at 100 g/kg DM of copra meal, respectively. The addition of copra meal in the lambs’ diet decreases the volume of gas production and is a strategy to decrease methane and carbon dioxide production in feeding without affecting animal performance.
Small size tuneable printed F‐slot antenna for mobile handset applications

In this article, a compact tuneable F‐slot monopole antenna for mobile handset applications, covering the DCS, PCS, and UMTS frequency bands, is presented and studied. An F‐shaped slot is embedded in a rectangular monopole patch to accommodate the varactor. The tuning is accomplished by applying a lumped capacitor (varactor) across the slot arms of the patch. By varying the capacitance values of loaded capacitor from 0.5 to 3 pF, the antenna is capable of achieving high tuning ranges from 1.70 to 2.15 GHz. The antenna performance is characterized in terms of the reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, and power gain. The predicted and measured results show fairly good agreement and confirm satisfactory impedance bandwidth characteristics and consistent radiation patterns over the tuned frequency range. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:794–802, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26649
Randomised pseudo-skeleton approximation and its application in electromagnetics

A very simple and efficient algorithm called randomised pseudo-skeleton approximation is proposed for the decomposition of a low-rank matrix. The complexity of the algorithm is O ( r 3 ), where r is the rank of the matrix. Comparison with the adaptive cross-approximation method is presented to show its validity and efficiency.
A DYNAMIC PROCEDURE FOR THE OPTIMAL SEQUENCING OF PLANT EQUIPMENT PART I: ALGORITHM FUNDAMENTALS

This paper presents Dynamic Chiller Sequencing (DCS); an algorithm for controlling the HVAC equipment necessary to cool non-residential buildings which balances the trade-off between reducing the cost of electricity used and the amount charged for peak power consumption. This is accomplished by forecasting the cooling loads expected through a planning horizon, determining the minimum cost way of meeting the individual loads with various combinations of equipment, and using a modified shortest path algorithm to determine the sequence of equipment selection that will minimize the cost of satisfying the expected loads for the entire planning horizon. Although the strategy was developed for the control of HVAC equipment, it can be generalized for solving sequencing decisions in process industries with competing, sequence dependent costs.
INTEGRATED PASSIVE/AcTIVE VIBRATION ABSORBER FOR MULTISTORY BUILDINGS

In this paper, a passive isolator, an active vibration absorber, and an integrated passive/active (hybrid) control are studied for their effectiveness in reducing structural vibration under seismic excitations. For the passive isolator, a laminated rubber bearing base isolator, which has been studied and used extensively by researchers and seismic designers, is studied. An active vibration absorber concept, which can provide guaranteed closed-loop stability with minimum knowledge of the controlled system, is used to reduce the passive isolator displacement and to suppress vibration. A three-story building model is used for the numerical simulation. The performance of an active vibration absorber and a hybrid vibration controller in reducing peak structural responses is compared with the passively isolated structural response under the N00W component of the El Centro 1940 and N90W component of the Mexico City 1985 earthquake excitation records.
Advanced metal lift-off process using electron-beam flood exposure of single-layer photoresist

In the manufacture of many types of integrated circuit and thin film devices, it is desirable to use a lift-of process for the metallization step to avoid manufacturing problems encountered when creating metal interconnect structures using plasma etch. These problems include both metal adhesion and plasma etch difficulties. Key to the success of the lift-off process is the creation of a retrograde or undercut profile in the photoresists before the metal deposition step. Until now, lift-off processing has relied on costly multi-layer photoresists schemes, image reversal, and non-repeatable photoresist processes to obtain the desired lift-off profiles in patterned photoresist. This paper present a simple, repeatable process for creating robust, user-defined lift-off profiles in single layer photoresist using a non-thermal electron beam flood exposure. For this investigation, lift-off profiles created using electron beam flood exposure of many popular photoresists were evaluated. Results of lift-off profiles created in positive tone AZ7209 and ip3250 are presented here.
Optical analysis on the wafer defect inspection for yield enhancement

This paper presents a methodology for detecting defects more effectively that have a substantial yield impact on several critical layers using a simulation program, which is considerably helpful in analyzing defects on the wafer. First, this paper presents a simple analysis method that uses mathematical treatment for multi thin film layers. This instantly gives us a highly intuitive idea for selecting an inspection mode based on the reflectivity and transmittivity. Second, we introduce numerical method for wafer defect of interest with finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, and provide correlation between the expectation and experimental results. The goal of these studies is to determine the feasibility of implementing theoretical approaches with numerical method at wafer defect inspection. Overall, this paper discusses the effective wafer inspection methodology and the advantages of defect simulation with numerical analysis at semiconductor manufacturing for accelerated development of advanced design node devices.
Gratitude and Its Relationship to Resilience and Academic Performance among University Students

This study examines the relationship between gratitude, resilience, and academic performance among students of a public university in Malaysia. One hundred and forty-six samples were obtained through a simple random technique (N=235). The survey employed GQ6 (Gratitude Questionnaire), Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), and self-reported grade-point average (GPA) as its measurement tools. Correlation analysis shows that gratitude has a high positive relationship with resilience and academic performance. Findings from the study support those of previous studies about the importance of gratitude in improving student’s psychological resilience and academic performances. The study suggests that adopting a sense of gratefulness and appreciation helps students overcome challenges in their educational journey at university.
Contamination Warning in Water Networks: General Mixed-Integer Linear Models for Sensor Location Design

A mixed-integer linear program is proposed to identify optimal sensor locations for early warning against accidental and intentional contaminations in drinking water distribution systems. The general model can be applied to unsteady hydraulic conditions. Furthermore, it may accommodate different design objectives whose problem formulations vary only by the cost function coefficients while decision variables and linear constraints remain identical. Such a feature is very important since several requirements may be factors for practical design of warning systems. Linear constraint matrix properties show that the solution may often be found at the root (no branching). If not, a procedure is proposed to identify a significant set of discrete decision variables whose integrality constraints can be always relaxed. This result is coupled with good data preprocessing to minimize auxiliary continuous variables and constraints, allowing for efficient computation and increasing model applicability to large problems. The methodology is illustrated on a small and a midsize network.
Do cyprinid fish use lateral flow‐refuges during hydropeaking?

Hydropeaking caused by small‐scale hydropower plants creates rapid changes in the intensity, frequency, and persistence of river flows. These changes can induce stress in fish across all life‐stages and, may negatively impact fish communities. Rapid increases in the flow velocity may cause fish to avoid unstable habitats, seeking out nearby refuges to reduce their energy expenditure. A lateral flow‐refuge constructed from maritime plywood (0.4 m wide × 0.5 m long × 0.4 m high) was installed in the left river bank, 40 m downstream of the Bragado hydropower plant. A multispectral stereo underwater camera trap was installed inside the flow‐refuge to monitor fish over one‐month period. The camera recorded images continuously both during base and peak flow conditions. Two different peak‐flow conditions were detected: peak and high peak‐flow conditions. The peak flow conditions correspond to a turbine discharge of 0.67 m3/s (peak), and 2.1 m3/s (high peak) at full load. The base‐flow condition corresponded to a discharge of 0.064 m3/s. The fish presence inside the refuge was observed to be significantly higher during the peak condition when compared with the base and high peak conditions. These findings strongly indicate that the flow during the high peak condition prevented fish from using the flow‐refuge due to the increase in the current. We hypothesize that this may be due to the increase in the current velocity and increased levels of ambient turbulence near the refuge. An alternate hypothesis is that the spatial distribution of velocities and depths during the high peak condition induced fish to inhabit areas with poor access to the refuge. The results of this study indicate that fish refuges can be used to successfully mitigate hydropeaking, and that their use by fish can depend on the flow regime.
Thermal memory effects modeling and compensation in RF power amplifiers and predistortion linearizers

Memory effects, which influence the performance of RF power amplifiers (PAs) and predistortion-based linearizers, become more significant and critical in designing these circuits as the modulation signal bandwidth and operation power increase. This paper reports on an attempt to investigate, model, and quantify the contributions of the electrical nonlinearity effects and the thermal memory effects to a PA's distortion generation, as well as how to compensate for these effects in designing baseband predistortion schemes. The first part of this paper reports on the development of an accurate dynamic expression of the instantaneous junction temperature as a function of the instantaneous dissipated power. This expression has been used in the construction of an electrothermal model for the PA. Parameters for the new proposed behavior model were determined from the PA measurements obtained under different excitation conditions (e.g., small-signal and pulsed RF tests). This study led us to conclude that the effects of the transistor self-heating phenomenon are more important under narrow-band signal (e.g., enhanced data for global evolution of global system for mobile communications) than for signals with wide modulation bandwidth (CDMA2000, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System). In the second part of this paper, the newly developed model has also been used to design a temperature-compensated predistortion function to compensate for these effects. The linearized PA output spectrum and error vector magnitude show a significant performance improvement in the temperature-compensated predistortion function over a memoryless predistortion. The results of these measurements that have been conducted on a 90-W peak lateral double-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor PA are in agreement with those obtained from simulations using the developed PA and the predistorter models implemented in an ADS environment.
The utility of detecting ovulation to predict success in ovulation induction and intrauterine insemination cycles - a prospective observational study.

OBJECTIVES The success of ovulation induction-intrauterine insemination (OI-IUI) procedures may be limited by the absence of ovulation detection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the empirical use of ultrasonography and luteal phase progesterone (P4) as ovulation indicators and determine its effect on pregnancy outcome in OI-IUI cycles. MATERIAL AND METHODS This prospective observational study, which was performed in a university setting, included 107 women with unexplained infertility. Following OI, IUI was performed 36 hours after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). P4 was measured 72-96 hours after hCG. At the same time, the appearance of ovaries and signs indicative of ovulation, which are decreased follicle dimensions, irregularity of follicular walls, and the presence of free fluid in the Douglas pouch, were noted. RESULTS In 58 patients (54.2%), ovulation was detected at the P4 level of > 10 ng/mL. Eighty-nine patients had ultrasound images suggestive of ovulation. However, only 50 of these were confirmed ovulation as indicated using P4. Implantation was observed in a total of 13 patients (12.1%). All patients were in the ovulation detected group with P4 > 10 ng/mL (AUC: 0.750; p = 0.004). P4 of > 21.5 ng/mL detected successful ovulation and was strongly associated with implantation with 77% sensitivity and 61% specificity (OR: 9.9; 95% CI: 2.4-41.2). Body mass index (BMI) > 23.9 kg/m2 was a reliable anovulation indicator as a secondary outcome (AUC: 0.696; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS In 45.8% of the patients, ovulation did not occur even with OI treatment. The association of progesterone measurement and ovarian ultrasound scanning between 72 and 96 hours after hCG treatment can be used to detect ovulation. In doing so, we can find the optimal treatment for patients with infertility in their next cycle.