Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of Subcritical Crack Growth and Stress-Induced Transformation Toughening of 3Y-TZP

ii Dedication.iv Acknowledgments.v Vita.vi List of Tables.ix List of Figures.x Chapter 1: Introduction.1 Chapter 2: Materials and Methods.9 2.1: Specimen Preparation.9 2.2: Experimental Groups.10 2.3: Constant Stress-Rate Biaxial Flexure and SCG Parameter Calculation.11 2.4: Critical Time to Transformation (CTT). 14 2.5: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). 15 2.6: X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). 15 2.7: Statistical Analysis.16 Chapter 3: Results.18 3.1: Biaxial Flexural Strength, Weibull Analysis and SCG Parameters.18 3.2: Critical Time to Transformation (CTT). 22 viii 3.3: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). 25 3.4: X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). 26 Chapter 4: Discussion.29 Chapter 5: Conclusions.38 Bibliography.40
THH and Traces of Enriched Categories

We prove that topological Hochschild homology (THH) arises from a presheaf of circles on a certain combinatorial category, which gives a universal construction of THH for any enriched $\infty $-category. Our results rely crucially on an elementary, model-independent framework for enriched higher-category theory, which may be of independent interest. For those interested only in enriched category theory, read Sections 1.3 and 2.
Full title: Body size evolution in an old insect order: no evidence for Cope‟s Rule in spite of fitness benefits of large size Short title: Body size evolution in dragonflies and damselflies

Acknowledgements: We are grateful to Nathalie Feiner, Nicolas Chazot and five anonymous referees for constructive criticisms earlier drafts of this manuscript. We also wish to thank A. Nordén, S. Engel, K. Boarman, M. Gomez and a number of other temporary students, field assistants and co-workers who helped out during one or several field seasons of this study. Data is archived on https://datadryad.org/ and https://treebase.org/treebase-web/home
Verification and validation of simulation models

In this paper we discuss verification and validation of simulation models. Four different approaches to deciding model validity are described, a graphical paradigm that relates verification and validation to the model development process is presented, and various validation techniques are defined. Conceptual model validity, model verification, operational validity, and data validity are discussed and a way to document results is given. A recommended procedure for model validation is presented and model accreditation is briefly discussed.
Malassezia yeasts activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in antigen-presenting cells via Syk- kinase signaling Running title: Malassezia yeasts activates NLRP3 inflammasome

Although being a normal part of the skin flora, yeasts of the genus Malassezia are associated with several common dermatologic conditions including pityriasis versicolor, seborrheic dermatitis (SD), folliculitis, atopic eczema/dermatitis (AE/AD) and dandruff. While Malassezia spp. are etiological agents of pityriasis versicolor, a causal role of Malassezia spp. in AE/AD and SD remains to be established. Previous reports have shown that fungi such as Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus are able to efficiently activate the NLRP3 inflammasome leading to robust secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. To date, innate immune responses to Malassezia spp. are not well characterized. Here, we show that different Malassezia species could induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation and subsequent IL-1β secretion in human antigenpresenting cells. In contrast, keratinocytes were not able to secrete IL-1β when exposed to Malassezia spp. Moreover, we demonstrate that IL-1β secretion in antigen-presenting cells was dependent on Syk-kinase signaling. Our results identify Malassezia spp. as potential strong inducers of pro-inflammatory responses when taken-up by antigen-presenting cells and identify C-type lectin receptors and the NLRP3 inflammasome as crucial actors in this process.
CROPS AND TASTY, NUTRITIOUS FOOD - HOW CAN METABOLOMICS HELP?

Food quality, security and safety have become topics of considerable recent interest. With a rapidly growing world population, entailing an ever- expanding requirement for food, and with the global consumer making higher and better-informed demands on our crop and food producers, much attention is being given to how we can meet all these growing needs. Crop growers and food processors alike are already looking at state-of-the-art technologies such as metabolomics as a source of new inroads into the generation of detailed knowl- edge on the biochemical composition of crop products and how they change during transport, storage and industrial processing. All the steps in the food production chain, from the moment the plant breeder makes the first cross to the canning factory delivering to the supermarket distributor, have potentially significant in- fluence on the quality of the final product the consumer places on the kitchen table. Metabolomics of crop plants and plant products is already being widely applied and is generating new information on the complexity of food composition. In this chapter, some of the main subjects of recent research, concerning both fresh and processed materials, are covered. Emphasis has been laid on technological
ASTROBEE FREE FLYERS: INTEGRATED AND TESTED. READY FOR LAUNCH!

SGT/KBR, NASA Ames Research Center, USA, Roberto.carlino@nasa.gov, jonathan.s. barlow@nasa.gov, NASA Ames Research Center, USA, jose.v. benavides@nasa.gov, maria.bualat@nasa.gov, trey.smith@nasa.gov, The Bionetics Corporation, Inc, NASA Ames Research Center, USA, aric.j.katterhagen@nasa.gov, College of Software, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746 Korea, oo0o8o@skku.edu, USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, USA, ruben.m. garciaruiz@nasa.gov, MEI, NASA Ames Research Center, USA, andres.moravargas@nasa.gov.
Study on melatonin receptor gene polymorphism and its association with reproductive seasonality in Murrah buffaloes

Title of Thesis : Study on melatonin receptor gene polymorphism and its association with reproductive seasonality in Murrah buffaloes Full Name of the Degree Holder : Pankaj Gunwant Admission Number : 2015V31M Title of the Degree : Master of Veterinary Science Name and Address of Major Advisor : Dr. ANAND KUMAR PANDEY, Assistant Professor Veterinary Clinical Complex College of Veterinary Sciences LUVAS, Hisar-125 004 Degree Awarding University : LUVAS, Hisar, Haryana. Year of Award of Degree : 2017 Major Subject : Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics Total Number of Pages in Thesis : 54+ I-IX Number of Words in Abstract : 377
CLAY MINERALOGY OF SITES 671 AND 672 , BARBADOS RIDGE ACCRETIONARY COMPLEX AND ATLANTIC ABYSSAL PLAIN : PALEOENVIRONMENTAL AND DIAGENETIC IMPLICATIONS

Three hundred samples of Cenozoic sediments from Sites 671 and 672 were analyzed by X-ray diffraction for their clay mineralogy. In addition, clay particles from selected samples were submitted to microprobe analysis. Throughout the Eocene-Miocene section, the smectite abundance exceeds that of all other minerals. From the lower Pliocene upward, a noticeable increase of illite and chlorite abundance occurs. The presence of thrust faults does not seem to correlate with the composition of the clay species. Quantitative differences in clay mineralogy are mainly due to paleoenvironmental conditions. Prior to the Pliocene, clay mineral assemblages were influenced by climatic and tectonic conditions existing on the adjacent islands and South America. Since the Miocene, the acceleration of the worldwide climatic cooling and the northwestward migration of currents along the South American coast increased the supply of illite and chlorite. Tectonic rejuvenations in the northern part of South America (late Miocene-early Pliocene; late Pliocene-early Pleistocene) were marked by illite and chlorite input and were superimposed on other paleoenvironmental controls.
The Ccr 4-Not complex interacts with the mRNA export machinery KERR

The Ccr4-Not complex is a key eukaryotic regulator of gene transcription and cytoplasmic mRNA degradation. Whether this complex also affects aspects of post-transcriptional gene regulation, such as mRNA export, remains largely unexplored. Human Caf1 (hCaf1), a Ccr4-Not complex member, interacts with and regulates the arginine methyltransferase PRMT1, whose targets include RNA binding proteins involved in mRNA export. However, the functional significance of this regulation is poorly understood. KERR, Shana C, et al. The Ccr4-Not complex interacts with the mRNA export machinery. PLOS ONE, 2011, vol. 6, no. 3, p. e18302 DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone. 0018302
The effect of non-normal error terms on the properties of systemwise RESET test

The small sample properties of the systemwise RESET test for functional misspecification is investigated using normal and non-normal error terms. When using normally distributed or less heavy tailed error terms, we find the Rao's multivariate F-test to be best among all other alternative test methods. Using the bootstrap critical values, however, all test methods perform satisfactorally in almost all situations. However, the test methods perform extremely badly (even the RAG test) when the error terms are very heavy tailed.
MOLECULAR NANO-SIEVE APPROACH BY THE APPLICATION OF POLYPIPERAZINE (PPA) BASED MEMBRANE FOR THE RECOVERY OF WATER SOLUBLE AGARWOOD (AQUILARRIA MALACCENSIS) MARKER MOLECULES

This study is the groundwork on the ability of nano-sieve technique in the recovery of water soluble agarwood marker compounds from agarwood hydrosol. To achieve this purpose, a polypiperazine (PPA) based nanofiltration (NF) membrane was used. The effectiveness of this membrane on the separation of agarwood marker molecules was analysed and FTIR results showed that most of marker compounds (i.e. agarospirol, jinkohol, jinkoh eremol and khusenol) has been successfully separated from the aqueous agarwood. However, the performance of the membrane in terms of flux and permeability is quite low, which is 23.30 L/m2.h, with 6.76 L/m2.h. bar, respectively. These initial findings will be used as the forecast to improve the future development of NF membrane, specifically ‘tailor-made’ for the large scale production of agarwood marker compounds.
Labour Market Performance in the CIS after Two Decades of Transition: do institutions matter?

In this paper we examine the post-socialist transformations of labour market institutions in the CIS and compare their performance after about 15 years of transition. During this period many CIS labour market institutions suffered a massive decay. We argue that this attrition was due to policy choices made early on in the transition when the CIS countries originally adopted models of public employment services and labour market policies funded through insurance-based schemes, without taking into account that unemployment was not an insurable risk ahead of their major transitional recessions. We also examine the links between labour market performance, types of labour market institutions, and the prevailing type of strategic coordination in the economy as classified within a varieties of capitalism framework. Initially we do not find an unambiguous link among the three and we conclude that the diversity of institutional setup in the CIS poses
Long term maintenance of hPSCs in a scalable and defined suspension culture system

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), collectively termed human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), are typically derived and maintained in adherent and semi-defined culture conditions. Recently a number of groups, including Chen et al., 2012, have demonstrated that hESCs can now be expanded efficiently and maintain pluripotency over long-term passaging as aggregates in a serum-free defined suspension culture system, permitting the preparation of scalable cGMP derived hPSC cultures for cell banking, high throughput research programs and clinical applications. In this short commentary we describe the utility and potential future uses of suspension culture systems for hPSCs. © 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V.
ASSOCIATION FOR CONSUMER RESEARCH

In this research, we examine how manipulating the type of information processing mode (cognitive vs. affective) at a different point of time elicits the unique effects of process and outcome simulation on the evaluation of RNPs. Our findings indicate that in an instant evaluation scenario, outcome simulation under a cognitive mode or process simulation under an affective mode is more effective in increasing the evaluation of RNPs. However, a reversal of this result pattern emerged (i.e., outcome under an affective mode or process simulation under a cognitive mode is more effective) after we introduce a distant future time frame.
Carpe diem instead of losing your social mind: Beyond digital addiction and why we all suffer from digital overuse

Abstract It is not too late, but about time to realize how damaging IT overuse can be. The present paper discusses why it is of tremendous importance to study the effect of the Internet, smartphone, and other new digital technologies on individuals’ productivity and well-being. Besides its recognized addictive nature, it also becomes clear that such technology inevitably alters our natural social lives, which has, in our opinion, the potential to harm entire societies. In developed countries, we are more or less all using digital devices for communication purposes; we surf the Internet and we download apps on a daily basis. We present two lines of argument as to why the study of technological (over)use and its consequences is of tremendous importance. First, we outline under which circumstances use of smartphones and Internet can make us unproductive. Second, we anchor the (over)use of technologies in an affective neuroscience framework. Both these approaches to describing and understanding the consequences of digital technology use clearly show that many humans are already “overusing” technology. Therefore, we also provide some initial ideas on how to cut down technology use in order to live more satisfying and happier lives. Let us look into each other’s eyes and begin to spend more quality time with our loved ones outside in nature instead of staring at digital devices.
Vegetation causes channel erosion in a tidal landscape

Vegetation is traditionally regarded to reduce the erosion of channels in both fl uvial and tidal landscapes. We present a coupled hydrodynamic, morphodynamic, and plant growth model that simulates plant colonization and channel formation on an initially bare, fl at substrate, and apply this model to a tidal landscape. The simulated landscape evolution is compared with aerial photos. Our results show that reduction of erosion by vegetation is only the local, on-site effect operating within static vegetation. Dynamic vegetation patches, which can expand or shrink, have a contrasting larger scale, off-site effect: they obstruct the fl ow, leading to flconcentration and channel erosion between laterally expanding vegetation patches. In contrast with traditional insights, our fi ndings imply that in tidal landscapes, which are colonized by denser vegetation, channels are formed with a higher channel drainage density. Hence this study demonstrates that feedbacks between vegetation, fl ow, and landform have an important control on landscape evolution.
MeV-GeV γ-ray telescopes probing axino LSP/gravitino NLSP as dark matter in the μνSSM

Axino and gravitino are promising candidates to solve the dark matter (DM) problem in the framework of supersymmetry. In this work, we assume that the axino is the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), and therefore contributes to DM . In the case of R-parity violating models, the axino can decay into a neutrino-photon pair with a lifetime much longer than the age of the Universe, yielding a potentially detectable signal. Interestingly, a gravitino next-to-LSP (NLSP) can live enough as to contribute to the relic density. We study both scenarios, only axino LSP as DM, and axino LSP with gravitino NLSP as DM . We carry out the analysis in the context of the μνSSM, which solves the μ problem and reproduces neutrino data, only adding couplings involving right-handed neutrinos. In particular, we perform a complete analysis of the relevant parameter space of the model considering constraints from neutrino physics, cosmological observations, and γ-ray detection. We find that the axino or the gravitino can produce a signal detectable by future MeV-GeV γ-ray telescopes. In addition, in a parameter region where we get a well-tempered mixture of both particles, a double-line signal arises as a smoking gun.
Effect of Potassium Budget on Evolution of Soil Potassium in Different Crop Sequences and Site Conditions

Abstract The influence of six different crop sequences on the dynamics of topsoil available and fixed potassium (Kavail and Kfix) was studied within a 4-year period at 6 sites of different soil and climatic conditions. The highest K off takes were recorded for 3-year alfalfa / clover cropping followed by winter wheat (-151 kg K/ha/year) and for the crop sequence including one year of sugar beet / potato (-0124 kg K/ha/year). Kavail and Kfix were significantly decreased especially at crop sequence with alfalfa / clover cropping, compared to other crop sequences. At three sites of lower Kfix content (340-830 mg K/kg), differences in Kavail and Kfix between crop sequences were more frequent, whereas almost no significant differences between treatments were observed at sites of higher Kfix content (1,000-1,380 mg K/kg). Changes of both K forms and K budget correlated significantly at sites of lower Kfix content. At these sites, Kavail decreased at the rate of 0.045 mg K per 1 kg/ha of K offtake; the rate of Kfix decrease was 0.059 mg K per 1 kg/ha of K offtake. At sites of higher Kfix, no significant relation between K forms and K budget was observed. The results show an importance of Kfix as a K source in intensive agricultural systems with low or no K inputs.
Reducing Sentiment Bias in Language Models via Counterfactual Evaluation

Advances in language modeling architectures and the availability of large text corpora have driven progress in automatic text generation. While this results in models capable of generating coherent texts, it also prompts models to internalize social biases present in the training corpus. This paper aims to quantify and reduce a particular type of bias exhibited by language models: bias in the sentiment of generated text. Given a conditioning context (e.g., a writing prompt) and a language model, we analyze if (and how) the sentiment of the generated text is affected by changes in values of sensitive attributes (e.g., country names, occupations, genders) in the conditioning context using a form of counterfactual evaluation. We quantify sentiment bias by adopting individual and group fairness metrics from the fair machine learning literature, and demonstrate that large-scale models trained on two different corpora (news articles, and Wikipedia) exhibit considerable levels of bias. We then propose embedding and sentiment prediction-derived regularization on the language model’s latent representations. The regularizations improve fairness metrics while retaining comparable levels of perplexity and semantic similarity.
Doppler Spectrum Classification with CNNs via Heatmap Location Encoding and a Multi-head Output Layer

Spectral Doppler measurements are an important part of the standard echocardiographic examination. These measurements give important insight into myocardial motion and blood flow providing clinicians with parameters for diagnostic decision making. Many of these measurements can currently be performed automatically with high accuracy, increasing the efficiency of the diagnostic pipeline. However, full automation is not yet available because the user must manually select which measurement should be performed on each image. In this work we develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) to automatically classify cardiac Doppler spectra into measurement classes. We show how the multi-modal information in each spectral Doppler recording can be combined using a meta parameter post-processing mapping scheme and heatmaps to encode coordinate locations. Additionally, we experiment with several state-of-the-art network architectures to examine the tradeoff between accuracy and memory usage for resource-constrained environments. Finally, we propose a confidence metric using the values in the last fully connected layer of the network. We analyze example images that fall outside of our proposed classes to show our confidence metric can prevent many misclassifications. Our algorithm achieves 96% accuracy on a test set drawn from a separate clinical site, indicating that the proposed method is suitable for clinical adoption and enabling a fully automatic pipeline from acquisition to Doppler spectrum measurements.
Invariant states in inclined layer convection. Part 1. Temporal transitions along dynamical connections between invariant states

Thermal convection in an inclined layer between two parallel walls kept at different fixed temperatures is studied for fixed Prandtl number $\mathit{Pr}=1.07$. Depending on the angle of inclination and the imposed temperature difference, the flow exhibits a large variety of self-organized spatio-temporal convection patterns. Close to onset, these patterns have been explained in terms of linear stability analysis of primary and secondary flow states. At a larger temperature difference, far beyond onset, experiments and simulations show complex, dynamically evolving patterns that are not described by stability analysis and remain to be explained. Here we employ a dynamical systems approach. We construct stable and unstable exact invariant states, including equilibria and periodic orbits of the fully nonlinear three-dimensional Oberbeck–Boussinesq equations. These invariant states underlie the observed convection patterns beyond their onset. We identify state space trajectories that, starting from the unstable laminar flow, follow a sequence of dynamical connections between unstable invariant states until the dynamics approaches a stable attractor. Together, the network of dynamically connected invariant states mediates temporal transitions between coexisting invariant states and thereby supports the observed complex time-dependent dynamics in inclined layer convection.