Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Activity of Aqueous Ethanol Extract of Euphorbia scordifolia on Shigella dysenteriae Type 1-Induced Diarrhea in Rats

Aim: Aim: Euphorbia prostrata (Euphorbiaceae) is traditionally used in Cameroon for the treatment of many diseases, including diarrhea. We investigated the acute toxicity and effect of the aqueous ethanol extract of the plant on gastrointestinal propulsion, in vitro bacterial growth and in vivo bacillary dysentery. Materials and Methods: Materials and Methods: Diarrhea was induced by oral administration of 12 × 10 8 Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (Sd1) cells. Diarrheic rats were treated for 5 days with 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg extract or 20 mg/kg norfloxacin. The faeces frequencies and the number of Sd1 were assessed and the death rate recorded. Results: Results: The aqueous ethanol extract of E. prostrata was not toxic. In vitro, the minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations of the extract were 3,500 and 12,000 µg/ml, respectively. In vivo, diarrhea went along with increase in faeces frequency (P < 0.01 by the 3 rd day), increase in the bacterial population to a maximum on the 2 nd day after infection (P < 0.01). The death rate in diarrheic control group was 100% by day 6. E. prostrata extracts (20 and 40 mg/kg), like norfloxacin, reduced the bacterial growth (P < 0.01), so that by the 6 th day Sd1 density was <100 and no death was recorded. There was a significant (P < 0.01) reduction in faeces frequencies. The extract exhibited notable (P < 0.01) inhibition of intestinal propulsion. Conclusion: Conclusion: The results suggest that E. prostrata possesses bactericidal and antidiarrheic properties and could be a therapeutic alternative for diarrheas of bacterial etiology.
Comparison of Flow Characteristics of Centrifugal Compressors by Numerical Modelling of Flow

The centrifugal impellers are used in a wide variety of turbo-machineries, ranging from low pressure fans for cooling of electric motor to high pressure ratio gas turbine compressors, from tiny cryo-cooler compressors to large industrial petrochemical compressor stations. The relative flow in centrifugal impeller is very complex due to different fluid dynamics phenomenon and their interactions. It is subjected to the complex secondary flows and significant separation of the boundary layers, which result in non-uniformity of outlet flow both in tangential direction (e.g. « jet-wake» flow) and axial direction. By the development of experimental and computational techniques the considerable progress in understanding of complex flow effects in impeller is made. The wide-spread use of reactive impellers with backswept blades in all state-of-the-art designs of compressors has resulted in significant improvements of aero and thermodynamics characteristics of impeller (e.g. distribution of outlet flow velocities). The increasingly present appearance in the several recent years of calculations by means of verified and validated users software based on the engineering numerical methods enables an increasingly wide replacement of time-consuming experimental investigations (i.e. of physical modelling), which give a limited number of data of integral character, by mathematical modelling which gives a large number of data over a short time, enabling not only integral but also structural analysis. This results in rapid and significant improvements of aero and thermodynamics characteristics and in the end in energy conversion efficiency. The aim of the paper is to apply expert knowledge in carrying out numerical modelling of the flow in centrifugal compressor by means of users software. The algorithm is presented on the comparison of aero and thermodynamics characteristics of centrifugal compressors with reactive impellers with backswept normal and « S» -shaped blades. The comparison shows that the compressor with impeller with « S» shape characteristics has better aero and thermodynamics characteristics and thus also the energy conversion efficiency. Since there are experimental measurements of aero and thermodynamics characteristics of numerical modelling of the investigated compressors in literature, the verification and validation of the users software have been performed simultaneously. Also the alternating modelling of the flow and change of impeller blades geometry with the aim of improving the aero and thermodynamics characteristics up to attaining of maximum possible efficiency of energy conversion presents the algorithm of geometry optimisation of the impeller design with backswept blades.
HIV infection and COVID-19 death: population-based cohort analysis of UK primary care data and linked national death registrations within the OpenSAFELY platform

Background: It is unclear whether HIV infection is associated with risk of COVID-19 death. We aimed to investigate this in a large-scale population-based study in England. Methods: Working on behalf of NHS England, we used the OpenSAFELY platform to analyse routinely collected electronic primary care data linked to national death registrations. People with a primary care record for HIV infection were compared to people without HIV. COVID-19 death was defined by ICD-10 codes U07.1 or U07.2 anywhere on the death certificate. Cox regression models were used to estimate the association between HIV infection and COVID-19 death, initially adjusted for age and sex, then adding adjustment for index of multiple deprivation and ethnicity, and finally for a broad range of comorbidities. Interaction terms were added to assess effect modification by age, sex, ethnicity, comorbidities and calendar time. Results: 17.3 million adults were included, of whom 27,480 (0.16%) had HIV recorded. People living with HIV were more likely to be male, of black ethnicity, and from a more deprived geographical area than the general population. There were 14,882 COVID-19 deaths during the study period, with 25 among people with HIV. People living with HIV had nearly three-fold higher risk of COVID-19 death than those without HIV after adjusting for age and sex (HR=2.90, 95% CI 1.96-4.30). The association was attenuated but risk remained substantially raised, after adjustment for deprivation and ethnicity (adjusted HR=2.52, 1.70-3.73) and further adjustment for comorbidities (HR=2.30, 1.55-3.41). There was some evidence that the association was larger among people of black ethnicity (HR = 3.80, 2.15-6.74, compared to 1.64, 0.92-2.90 in non-black individuals, p-interaction=0.045) Interpretation: HIV infection was associated with a markedly raised risk of COVID-19 death in a country with high levels of antiretroviral therapy coverage and viral suppression; the association was larger in people of black ethnicity.
The implementation of a rapid sample preparation method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a diagnostic laboratory in South Africa

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has resulted in shortages of both critical reagents for nucleic acid purification and highly trained staff as supply chains are strained by high demand, public health measures and frequent quarantining and isolation of staff. This created the need for alternate workflows with limited reliance on specialised reagents, equipment and staff. We present here the validation and implementation of such a workflow for preparing samples for downstream SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR using liquid handling robots. The rapid sample preparation technique evaluated, which included sample centrifugation and heating prior to RT-PCR, showed a 97.37% (95% CI: 92.55-99.28%) positive percent agreement and 97.30% (95% CI: 90.67-99.52%) negative percent agreement compared to nucleic acid purification-based testing. This method was subsequently adopted as the primary sample preparation method in the Groote Schuur Hospital Virology Diagnostic Laboratory in Cape Town, South Africa.
Analysis of genetic variation in Erianthus arundinaceum by random amplified polymorphic DNA markers

The polymorphism and relationships among 51 Erianthus arundinaceum accessions were assessed with RAPDs. One hundred and twenty-seven bands were detected, of which 89 were polymorphic (70.07%). Accession relationships were estimated through cluster analysis (UPGMA) based on RAPD data.
Relaciones Mutualísticas entre el Murciélago Glossophaga longirostris y las Cactáceas Columnares en la Zona Arida de La Tatacoa, Colombia 1

Las relaciones existents entre el murciélago Glossophaga longirosh y las cactáceas columnares heron estudiadas en la zona árida interandina de La Tatacoa, Huila, Colombia. Por medio de capturas mensuales entre agosto de 1993 y julio de 1994 se determinó la dieta y el pacrón reproductivo del murciélago. Los resultados indicaron que G. longirostris consumió polen (53%) de cactáceas y de Helicteris baruensis (Sterculiaceae) y frutos (41%) de la cactácea columnar Stenocereus griseus y en menor cantidad los de Muntingia calabura (Elaeocarpaceae) y Pilosocereus sp. (Cactaceae). El polen apareció en las heces y pelaje de G. longirostris durante todo el año, siendo más fiecuente en los meses secos. Las semillas aparecieron en las muestras fecales en las dos épocas lluviosas. Estas variaciones estacionales en la dieta eSNvierOn correlacionadas con la disponibilidad de recursos en el área y no parecen reflejar una preferencia de alimento por pane de G. longirostris. Este glosofigno presentó dos picos reproductivos. Los picos de lactancia coincidieron con las dos épocas de lluvias y con la mayor oferta de frutos de S. griseus. Estas observaciones no fueron consistentes con las relaciones encontradas entre la disponibilidad de recursos de tra especies de cactáceas (S. Griseus, Subpilocereus repandus y Pilosocereus tillianus) y el patrón reproductivo de este murciélago en la zona árida interandina de Lagunillas, Mérida, Venezuela. Las diferencias encontradas en la dieta y los períodos reproductivos de las dos poblaciones de G. longirostris, pueden ser un reflejo de diferencias en la distribución temporal y spacial de las fuentes de alimento. El grado de interacción entre G. longirostris y las cactáceas columnares, especialmente con S. grieus, parece ser muy estrecho.
Benchmark Functions for the CEC'2013 Special Session and Competition on Large-Scale Global Optimization

This report proposes 15 large-scale benchmark problems as an extension to the existing CEC’2010 large-scale global optimization benchmark suite. The aim is to better represent a wider range of realworld large-scale optimization problems and provide convenience and flexibility for comparing various evolutionary algorithms specifically designed for large-s cale global optimization. Introducing imbalance between the contribution of various subcomponents, subcomponents with nonuniform sizes, and conforming and conflicting overlapping functions are among the major new features proposed in this report.
Handbook of Social Work in Child and Adolescent Sexual Abuse

About the Editors. Contributors. Hilarski, Historical Overview. Introduction. Early Civilization. Ancient Greece. The Roman Empire. The Middle Ages (500 to 1400). The Restoration (1400 to 1600). Colonial America (1600 to 1700). Global Issues (1700 to 1900). Community Response. Conclusion. Hilarski, Child and Adolescent Sexual Abuse. Introduction. Definition. Prevalence and Incidence. Risk and Protective Factor. Life Stage Consequences. Conclusion. Harrington, Hisle-Gorman, Dia, Family Dysfunction: Theoretical Explanations and Ethnic Considerations. Introduction. Background. Importance of Theory. Levels of Theory. Grand Theories. Micro Level Theories. Ethnic and Cultural Considerations. Conclusion. Gannon, Gilchrist, Wade, Intrafamilial Child and Adolescent Sexual Abuse. Introduction. Intrafamilial Offenders: A Definition. Who is the Intrafamilial Abuser? What Does the Intrafamilial Offender Do? What is the Damage Done? Why Do Men Sexually Abuse Their Own Children? Psychological Factors Related to Interfamilial Offending. Treatment for Intrafamilial Offenders. Is it Possible to Reunify the Family? Conclusions. Hilarski, The Nonfamily Sex Offender. Introduction. What is Sex Offending? Characteristics of the Child Sex Offender. Can Child Sex Offenders Stop Victimizing? Criminal Careers and Specialization. Recidivism. Desistance. Conclusion. Devilly, Varker, Cook, Yap, Current Empirical Assessment Methods. Introduction. Assessment Issues. Structured and Semistructured Interviews. Empirically Based Assessment Interviews. Self-Report Measures. Psychophysiological Assessment. Conclusion. Nurcombe, Treatment for the Sexually Abused Child. Adult Outcome. The Immediate Effects of CSA. Risk Factors. Treatment Research. Modular, Goal-Directed Treatment. Conclusion. Nelson-Gardell, Treatment for Sexually Abused Adolescents. Introduction. Adolescence: What is it? Neurological Effects of Trauma. The Effects of Sexual Victimization. Assessment. Treatment Planning. Treatment. Bibliotherapy Resources. Conclusion. Alaggia, Knott, Treatment for the Nonoffending Caregiver. Introduction. Nonoffending Caregiver Treatment Issues. Treatment Models with Nonoffending Caregivers. The Role of Attachment. Cultural and Gender Issues. Comorbidity and Domestic Violence. Conclusion. Renk, Baksh, Donnelly, Roddenberry, Prevention Endeavors. Introduction. Families. Schools. The Community and the Legal System. The Internet and Other Sources of Media. Conclusions. Goldsmith, Tang, Freyd, Policy and Practice Implications. Introduction. Prevalence and Consequences of Child Sexual Abuse. Impaired Awareness for Abuse. Disclosure of CSA. Professional Responses to CSA. CSA and Public Policy. Recommendations. Index. Reference Notes Included.
THE INFLUENCE OF pH ON THE PHYTOTOXICITY OF 2:4‐DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID TO LEMNA MINOR

In recent years conflicting conclusions have been reached as to the effects of dissociation on the activity of growth-regulating substances. Lundegardh (I949) has concluded from his studies of wheat roots that both for the natural auxin in the root surface and for 3-indolylacetic acid the anions are the active agents in the process of cell elongation. In direct contrast, several groups of workers, in particular van Overbeek, Blondeau & Horne (I95i), have postulated for indolylacetic acid and synthetic growth regulators, such as 2: 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, that only the undissociated molecule is active in bringing about an increased extension growth of pea tissue or curvature in the hypocotyl. On the other hand, Burstrom (I95i) holds that, while the increased extension growth of roots induced by oc-(phenoxy)isobutyric acid is largely determined by the concentration of acid anions, the inhibition of growth at higher and more directly toxic concentrations is probably dependent on the level of undissociated molecules. Simon & Blackman (I949) and Simon & Beevers (I952) have established for a wide range of biologically active weak acids that, as the pH of the external solution containing the active compound is reduced towards the pK value, so the concentration required to produce a given response falls according to a standard pattern. They have also demonstrated that this increase in biological activity with decreasing pH cannot be wholly accounted for in terms of the changing concentration of whole molecules, but must in part be ascribed to the dissociated ions. Simon, Roberts & Blackman (I952) found that with nitrophenols the influence of pH was maximal when the cells of either microorganisms or higher plants were in close contact with a relatively large volume of the solution containing the toxic compound. Thus when Lemna minor was grown in a culture solution containing 3: 5-dinitro-o-cresol the toxicity increased as the pH was reduced from 6-8 to 54 Blackman (I952) has emphasized that the influence of a given factor on the biological response of an active compound can be assessed with the greatest precision, when the concentration required to produce a standard effect is determined at different levels. In the previously published results linking pH with the activity of synthetic growth regulators, data of this type have either not been obtained or the results have not been examined in this way. It is partly for these reasons that the present experiments on L. minor were undertaken.
Hyper Spectral Image Denoising: Interscale Orthonormal Wavelet Shrinkage Using Spatial-Spectral Domain

This research concentrates on developing a noise reduction method using orthonormal wavelet shrinkage to denoise hyperspectral imageries. Hyperspectral imageries, which can be seen as a 3-D array or cube having 2-spatial dimension and one spectral dimension. The spatial and spectral dimensions have different physical property in their respective domains, which is due to the higher degree of regularity in the spatial dimensions than in the spectral dimension. It is therefore important to denoise hyperspectral imageries in both spatial and spectral dimension, separately. Transformation of image space into mathematical domain provides control on image in terms of operations that can be applied on it. For the purpose of denoising, local approximation is more important than global approximations. The natural tendency of wavelet transform to provide good approximation of local features has proven to be suitable for denoising purpose and hence a choice for this thesis. In order to speed up the denoising method wavelet subbands are utilized, which reduces the number of spectral curves to be denoised. The reduction in number of curves is achieved by extracting the unique curves and the process is executed in three phases. In the first phase, coefficients representing the image pixels, which belong to the same segment of original image space are recognized and labeled using wavelet subbands. This relationship between pixels and coefficients is obtained by decomposing the subbands LH, HL and HH which is contrary to the custom of decomposing only LL subband. In the second phase, unique spectral curves are produced from the labeled coefficients by projecting the coefficients onto the original image space. Finally, in the third phase the acquired unique spectral curves are denoised using interscale orthornormal wavelet shrinkage. In order to test the performance of the developed method, HySI (IMS1) images are used as test images. HySI is a hyperspectral cube with 64 bands & 505m spatial resolution. To quantify the denoising method performance in terms of Signal To Noise Ratio (SNR) and Mean Square Error (MSE), simulated image is created using spectral libraries. For remote sensing HySI images, because no clean image is available, statistical measures are utilized to test the performance of the denoising method. The performance of the denoising method is compared with the two state-of-the-art denoising methods, ProbShrink approach and BLS-GSM approach. The result obtain proves that the developed method performs in the given condition better compared to other denoising methods.
Isolation and characterization of Streptomyces species from potato common scab lesions in Norway

The present survey was conducted to isolate and characterize Streptomyces species from common scab lesions of potato in Norway. Bacteria were isolated from scab lesions on tubers sampled in two consecutive years at different locations in Norway spanning ∼1400 km from south to north. In total, 957 independent isolations from individual tubers were performed, with 223 putative pathogenic isolates obtained from 29 different potato cultivars and 130 different fields. Streptomyces europaeiscabiei was the most abundant species isolated from common scab lesions (69%), while 31% of the isolates obtained were S. turgidiscabies. Streptomyces scabies was not found. Pathogenicity of selected Streptomyces isolates was tested on potato. The ability of the bacterial isolates to infect potato was consistent with the presence of the txtAB operon. The results revealed no pattern in geographical distribution of S. europaeiscabiei and S. turgidiscabies; both could be found in the same field and even the same lesion. Four different pathogenicity island (PAI) genotypes were detected amongst the txtAB positive isolates: nec1+/tomA+, nec1–/tomA+, nec1+/tomA− and nec1−/tomA−. The current findings demonstrate that there is genetic variability within species and that the species are not spread solely by clonal expansion. This is thought to be the most comprehensive survey of Streptomyces species that cause common scab of potato in a European country.
Performance Analysis of Amplify Zoom and Forward Cooperative Relaying Protocol

This paper suggests and explores amplify, zoom and forward relaying protocol which is based on cooperative transmission over Rayleigh Fading medium. The proposed relying protocol efficiently zooms the received signal at the relay node before forwarding it to the destination. Binary phase shift keying has been used as the underlying modulation scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol outperforms the predefined amplify and forward protocol in terms of signal to noise ratio and bit error rate.
Dynamics and stability of distribution networks with dispersed generation

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Formalizing Proof-Transforming Compilation of Eiffel Programs

The execution of mobile code can produce unexpected behavior, which may comprise security and correctness of a software system. Proof-Carrying Code allows one to execute mobile code in a safe way by checking a formal proof before the code is executed. However, automatic generation of proofs works only for basic safety properties such as type safety. To apply PCC to functional correctness properties, we propose to verify the source program interactively and then to translate the proof to bytecode. This proof translation is relatively straightforward if the source and target language are similar, such as Java and Java bytecode, but poses challenges for more complex translations. In this paper, we present a prooftransforming compiler for a subset of Eiffel to the . NET CIL. In particular, we show how the non-trivial translations of multiple inheritance and Eiffel’s exceptions can be handled.