Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microbial production of skatole in the hind gut of pigs given different diets and its relation to skatole deposition in backfat

The intestinal production of skatole and its deposition in backfat was investigated in 35 uncastrated crossbred male pigs. The pigs were fed five purified non-commercial diets containing either casein or brewers yeast slurry as protein source. The yeast slurry diet was used alone or supplemented with either wheat bran (200 g/kg), sugar-beet pulp (200 g/kg), or soya oil (100 g/kg). Skatole concentrations in backfat, and in digesta in different sections of the gastro-intestinal tract were measured at slaughter (mean weight 112 kg). There were large variations in skatole concentrations in the hind gut of different animals given the same diet. Although there was some correlation between skatole in intestinal contents and deposition in adipose tissue, there were also large variations between individual animals in their response to intestinal skatole. Nevertheless, there was a clear effect of diet on both intestinal skatole production and skatole deposition in backfat. The use of casein as a protein source decreased microbial skatole production, the total amount in the gut, and the concentration in the backfat. Addition of sugar-beet pulp to the yeast slurry diet increased microbial activity in the intestine (measured as ATP content, concentration of short-chain fatty acids, and lowering of digesta pH ). There was a decreased rate of skatole production during in vitro incubations of intestinal content, and less skatole in the hind gut and backfat. In vitro fermentations of freeze-dried Heal effluent inoculated with faecal bacteria, and addition of substrates to in vitro incubations of intestinal contents, demonstrated that tryptophan availability rather than microbial activity was the limiting factor for skatole production. The results show that skatole production depends on the amount of protein entering the hind gut and the proteolytic activity of the intestinal microbiota. Protein fermentation in the hind gut can be decreased either by using more readily digestible protein sources (for example casein rather than yeast slurry) which reduce the amount of protein passing through to the hind gut, or by adding an alternative energy source which is more readily metabolized by the hind gut microbiota (for example supplementation of the yeast slurry diet with sugar-beet pulp). This provides a basis for the rational design of diets which will decrease skatole concentrations in the carcass.
REPLACEMENT OF DECIDUOUS FIRST PREMOLARS AND DENTAL ERUPTION IN ARCHAEOCETE WHALES

Abstract Archaeocete whales of the subfamily Dorudontinae (Cetacea, Basilosauridae) show strong evidence of having replaced upper and lower 1st deciduous premolars with permanent teeth late in their dental eruption sequence. This situation is rare in modern mammals, many of which have no teeth in the 1st premolar position or which retain a deciduous tooth in the 1st premolar position that is not replaced. Evidence for replacement of deciduous 1st premolars in dorudontine archaeocetes comes from both juvenile and adult specimens of Dorudon atrox from Egypt and Zygorhiza kochii from North America. Replacement of deciduous 1st premolars by permanent teeth may have been precipitated by a general delay in skeletal maturation found in cetaceans, which allowed dental development to proceed for a longer period of time than is generally available for most mammals.
A new species of large Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Melanesia

6 Corresponding author Abstract. A new species of large Cyrtodactylus is described from lowland rainforest on Batanta Island in the Raja Ampat Archipel- ago, Papua Barat Province, Indonesian New Guinea. The new species can be distinguished from all other Melanesian Cyrtodactylus by the combination of large size (over 110mm SVL), very robust build, presence of enlarged ventral tuber- cles below the lateral fold and around the angle of the lower jaw only, and dorsal colouration consisting of three to four irregular dark greyish-brown blotches. It is the second species of Cyrtodactylus known with certainty only from the Raja Ampat Islands. The morphology of the new species places it within the C. loriae group and suggests that it is closely related to Cyrtodactylus irianjayaensis.
DEFT 2017 - Texts Search @ TALN / RECITAL 2017: Deep Analysis of Opinion and Figurative language on Tweets in French

The working note discusses the description of our language independent system submitted to the DEFT 2017 three shared tasks on Opinion analysis and figurative language in twitter tweets in French. We use embedding of bag-of-words method with a family of recurrent neural networks to analysis of tweets occurred around on the analysis of opinion and figurative language. We developed three systems for each shared task and each system focuses on Opinion analysis and figurative language substantially at the tweets level only. A family of recurrent neural network extracts features in each tweet and classified them using logistic regression. On task1, our system achieved Macro f-score of 0.276, 0.228, and 0.21 with long short-term memory (LSTM) for extracting features from tweets and logistic regression for classification. On task2 our system achieved Macro f-score 0.475, 0.470, 0.476 with recurrent neural network (RNN) for extracting features from tweets and logistic regression for classification. And on task3 our system achieved Macro f-score 0.22, 0.232, 0.231 with gated recurrent unit (GRU) for extracting features from tweets and logistic regression for classification. Apart from results, this working note give valuable deep insights in to applicability of deep learning mechanisms for Sentimental analysis (SA) or Opinion mining (OM). Moreover the proposed method typically serves as a language independent method.
Toward an Institutional Databases Audit to Improve College Student Persistence.

Introduction and Literature Review College and university leaders focus on student retention rates because student departure negatively affects the stability of institutional enrollments, budgets, and public perceptions of the quality of the student experience. Hagedorn (2005) posits that retention is an institutional measure whereas persistence is a student measure. In other words, institutions retain students, and students persist. Accordingly, institutional efforts to increase their retention rates depend on increasing students’ persistence. What types of activities are colleges and universities undertaking to address student persistence? The contention is that institutional studies that strive to describe and understand student persistence constitute a fundamental type of institutional activity on the basis of which colleges and universities develop policies and practices designed to increase student persistence. Institutional studies include descriptions of rates of persistence, comparisons between retained and non-retained students on selected factors, studies of students who depart (so-called “autopsy studies”), bivariate studies, and multivariate studies (Braxton, McKinney and Reynolds 2006; Jones and Braxton 2009). Multivariate studies occur less frequently than other types of institutional studies (Braxton, McKinney and Reynolds 2006; Jones and Braxton 2009). Multivariate studies are the most rigorous type of institutional study. Theories postulate student persistence as a longitudinal process comprising multiple concepts (Braxton, et al. 2014; Tinto 1975, 1993). Consequently, multivariate studies provide a vehicle for the testing of theories of college student persistence. Although multivariate studies are the gold standard of institutional studies, colleges and universities may choose not to conduct theory-driven, multivariate studies of student THE RESE ARCH AGENDA
The Electrosensory Cells of the Ampullary Organ of the Transparent Catfish (Kryptopterus bicirrhus)

An easy method to demonstrate epidermal sensory organs is described. With the dye Daspei, sensory cells as well as their nerves are visible in the fluorescence microscope. Actin filaments in pore cells and sensory cells are demonstrated with rhodamine-labelled phalloidin, and the distribution of microtubules is described after fixation in albumin-osmium tetroxide-glutaral-dehyde fixation.
Adapting the CATIMO grass model to meadow bromegrass grown in western Canada

Bonesmo, H. , Baron, V. S. , Young, D. , Bélanger, G. and Jing, Q. 2014. Adapting the CATIMO grass model to meadow bromegrass grown in western Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 61-71. The Canadian Timothy Model (CATIMO) simulates the growth and nutritive value of timothy grown in eastern and western Canada, Norway, and Finland, but has not been parameterized for meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm.) grown under Canadian prairie conditions. We parameterized and evaluated the CATIMO model to simulate the dry matter (DM) yield and N concentration of meadow bromegrass grown in western Canada with data from sequential sampling in primary growth and regrowth from two field experiments for a total of 5 yr of observation. Primary growth DM yield was simulated well [R2=0.95; normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) =16%; model simulation efficiency (EF)=0.93]. Simulations of the regrowth DM yield (R2=0.49, NRMSE=39%, EF=0.47) were not as successful as that of the primary growth, but they were within expected ranges for regrowth DM yields in western Canada. Forage N concentration was poorly simulated in primary growth (R2=0.32, NRMSE=38%, EF=-0.95) and regrowth (R2=0.27, NRMSE=30%, EF=-2.43). Plant-available soil moisture down to 30 cm was simulated well (R2=0.74, NRMSE=19%, EF=0.50). The parameterized model for meadow bromegrass expands the use of the CATIMO model to drier geographical areas where timothy may not be common, and it represents a first attempt to provide DM yield assessment of meadow bromegrass under Canadian Prairie conditions for whole-farm modeling.
Study of neurophysiological metrics-indexes, in order to predict learning difficulties

: In this paper we describe a study about predictability of brain reactions during educational procedures. More specifically we research neurophysiological indexes, that are able to describe the scalable difficulty of educational procedures. Using electroencephalographic (EEG) signals we extracted a big amount of feature vectors based on entropies and using proper algorithms and data mining methods we found out good practices in order to predict and describe more efficiently the differentiations of brain reaction in various math problems with scalable difficulty. We use this indexes in order to identify and to predict difficulties in educational procedures. Entropies are indexes that reflects fluctuations in brain activity which is imprinted in brain map. Furthermore we use classification methods in order to find a proper mathematical model to predict learning difficulties.
Description and Validation of a Numerical Box Model for Near-Surface Atmospheric Radon

A numerical box model has been developed to better understand the physical drivers of the diurnal and seasonal variability of Radon-222 in the atmospheric boundary layer and to assess the role of different mechanisms controlling the tracer abundance immediately above the Earth surface. Dynamical removal due to turbulent convective motions is found to be the dominant controlling process. Since the latter is highly dependent on atmospheric meteorological conditions, a realistic representation of the small-scale convective mixing term in the mass continuity equation has been obtained by constraining the box model with meteorological parameters collected in a radon measurement site, located in the town of L’Aquila in central Italy. Model results are finally validated by direct comparison with hourly observations of radon taken in this site: a correlation coefficient of 0.8 is found between measured and modelled radon hourly values over two years of data. It is also shown how the model can be used to infer to the magnitude of the monthly averaged radon soil flux in the L’Aquila measurement site. Radon data collected during March 2009 have also been analysed to find possible signs of perturbation due to the on-going seismic activity that would have reached its peak in the April 6, 2009 destructive earthquake. No significant radon activity increase was observed in L’Aquila at that time with respect to a previous ‘seismically-unperturbed’ year, during the same month with similar meteorological conditions, nor any statistically significant increase (or change) of the model derived radon soil flux. Key-Words: Box model; Mass continuity equation; Meteorology; Atmospheric boundary layer dynamics and transport; Atmospheric Radon.
Ranging behavior and habitat selection of terrestrial insectivorous birds in north‐east Tanzania: implications for corridor design in the Eastern Arc Mountains

Understanding the ranging behavior and habitat selection of understory tropical birds is important for corridor design and enhancing functional connectivity in fragmented tropical landscapes. Here we report on the ranging behavior and habitat selection of three terrestrial insectivorous bird species, the spot‐throat Modulatrix stictigula, Usambara thrush Turdus roehli and orange ground thrush Zoothera gurneyi, in the East (EUM) and West (WUM) Usambara Mountains in north‐east Tanzania. Based on 5945 locations and 3676 bird radio‐tracking hours conducted between 2001 and 2008 at four study sites in the EUM and WUM, we determined that the 95% kernel home range and 50% kernel core range for the spot‐throat, Usambara thrush, and orange ground thrush are similar yet large (aggregate mean home range=10.3±1.1 ha; aggregate mean core range 1.5±0.4 ha); that these species are adverse to crossing non‐forested openings – no bird was recorded over the course of the study to cross a non‐forested opening >15 m; and that the most extinction‐prone species in our study system, the spot‐throat and Usambara thrush, preferentially used slightly disturbed and primary forest, respectively. These results indicate that maintaining continuous forest cover and minimizing forest disturbance in corridors in the Eastern Arc Mountains is important for enhancing their habitat suitability for these species.
Fermented grain legumes, seeds and nuts: a global perspective

This bulletin reviews the production of meat substitutes, condiments and bread-like products in various regions of the world, through the fermentation of grain legumes, seeds and nuts. Such traditional fermentation technologies, which are rapidly being lost, improve the nutritional quality and palatability of these protein-rich foods, while reducing levels of their toxic constituents and fuel requirement for their preparation. It is hoped that this document will generate wider interest in, and contribute to, the development and improvement of small-scale food fermentations in the developing world.
Impact of Hydrided and Non-Hydrided Materials Near Transistors on Neutron-Induced Single Event Upsets

The impacts of hydrided and non-hydrided materials near transistors on neutron-induced single event upsets (SEUs) were investigated by simulating monoenergetic neutron irradiations on 65-nm technology bulk static random access memories. The onset energy of the SEUs induced by H ions depends on the shielding capability, i.e., the material and thickness, of components placed in front of transistors when those components do not contain hydrogen atoms. The shielding capability also influences the initial slope observed in the energy-dependence of SEU cross sections. Taking into account the non-hydrided component attached to memory cells used in the simulation, all experimental data measured at each neutron facility were reproduced well using SEU cross sections obtained by simulation. We also find that the effect of components near transistors on neutron-induced soft error rates is not negligible even for irradiation by white neutrons.
Buddhism and Transition: Thai Families Moving on When HIV/AIDS Interrupts Their Lives

This paper is a research study to answer: What can be done to assist Thai families whose lives have been affected by HIV/AIDS? This article will argue that Buddhist philosophy including the practice of meditation has not been acknowledged in English literatures previously in assisting families in difficult situations to ‘move on’. Methodology the first author, a Thai speaking nurse academic, was in Khon Kaen in North Eastern Thailand for one year and recruited five families to the study. We used Koch and Kralik (2006) participatory action research (PAR) methodology to answer the research question. The methodology comprised storytelling (one to one interviews) followed by PAR group sessions. Nine people were interviewed: five grandmothers, one grandfather, two aunts and one mother who is living with HIV. Together they care for six orphans. Results the most striking feature of participants’ response to incorporating the consequences of living with HIV in their lives was that they talked about their experiences as a family. We propose that these five families acted as a self-contained dynamic unit who came together as a newly constituted family through necessity but showed enormous resilience and unconditional love for its orphans. In this paper we theorize about families’ experiences we will draw on concepts of Thai philosophy and transition theories. Conclusion we argue that this PAR approach was the most suitable for this inquiry. When researching alongside families, we worked toward building sustainable relationships that continued when we had left the field. Health care professionals can assist families impacted by HIV/AIDS through prevention of the situation reaching a crisis and they need to be aware of the shock impact when people are told they have HIV. While the five grandmothers are resilient and managing quite well at the moment; their socio-economic situation is precarious. Grandmothers need to be acknowledged for the key role they play in keeping these Thai families together. Keywords— Buddhism, transition, HIV.
Lake‐wide distributions of temperature, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish in the pelagic zone of a large lake

We studied three‐dimensional distribution patterns of temperature, phyto‐ and zooplankton, and fish in the large, prealpine Lake Constance during spring 2007. A strong westerly wind induced an intense eastward displacement of epilimnetic water and upwelling of hypolimnetic water in the western part of the lake. This led to the formation of an internal front separating cold, hypolimnetic water depleted of chlorophyll in the western part from epilimnetic, warm water with high chlorophyll concentrations in the eastern part. Hydroacoustic detection of zooplankton (by Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) and juvenile fish (by echosounding) revealed both to be passively transported by the wind. Consequently, zooplankton and fish showed comparable horizontal distributions as temperature and chlorophyll. During periods of low wind velocities (<6 m s−1), water temperature was more evenly distributed, whereas phytoplankton distribution was still heterogeneous, probably because of local differences in resource supply. The relative influence of biotic factors for the distribution of organisms increased when external forcing was low. At periods with weak wind forcing, phytoplankton typically showed highest concentrations in the metalimnion, where zooplankton also aggregated in thin layers. In conclusion, we found spatial distributions of temperature and organisms to be strongly controlled by wind forcing when wind velocities were sufficiently high, whereas the importance of internal biotic factors for distribution of organisms increased when wind velocities were less strong. Abiotic factors appeared to act over relatively large spatial scales and affected distributions within the entire ecosystem, whereas biotic factors affected distributions of algae, zooplankton, and fish on a more local scale.
Classifying Semantic Clause Types With Recurrent Neural Networks: Analysis of Attention, Context & Genre Characteristics

Detecting aspectual properties of clauses in the form of semantic clause types has been shown to depend on a combination of syntactic-semantic and contextual features. We explore this task in a deep-learning framework, where tuned word representations capture linguistic features. We introduce an attention mechanism that pinpoints relevant context information. Our model implicitly captures task-relevant features and avoids the need to reproduce explicit linguistic features for other languages.We present experiments for English and German that achieve competitive performance, and analyze the outputs of our systems from a linguistic point of view. We present a novel take on modeling and exploiting genre information and showcase the adaptation of our system from one language to another. RÉSUMÉ. Il a été démontré que la détection des propriétés aspectuelles des clauses sous la forme de clauses sémantiques dépend d’une combinaison de caractéristiques linguistiques. Nous explorons cette tâche dans un cadre d’apprentissage sur la base des réseaux de neurones profonds. Nous introduisons un mécanisme d’attention qui identifie le contexte pertinent. Notre modèle permet d’éviter la nécessité de reproduire des caractéristiques linguistiques pour d’autres langues. Nous présentons des expériences pour l’anglais et l’allemand qui atteignent des performances compétitives, et explorons nos résultats d’un point de vue linguistique. Nous présentons une nouvelle approche pour la modélisation de l’information du genre de texte et nous mettons en valeur l’adaptation de notre système d’une langue à l’autre.
A step towards identifying the true adult murine Mesenchymal Stem Cell

Research spanning over a few decades has contributed to the discovery and understanding of a population of cells that are precursors of connective tissue cell-types. These cells currently referred as Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), have also been shown by some researchers to have the capacity to give rise to neuron- and muscle-like cells in vitro, making them very attractive as cellular source for clinical application in regenerative medicine. Despite the intense focus on therapeutic research on going in the MSC field, the biology of these cells remains elusive, especially at its hierarchical organisation. Although some data suggest that MSCs are composed of different sub-populations of progenitors or cells that are prompted to differentiate preferentially into one or few different cell-types in vitro, there is no defined hierarchy proposed yet, especially at the most primitive level. The initial aim of this project was to characterise the adult murine MSC (muMSCs) compartment since most of the studies performed to date were conducted with human cells. During the process of such, a new cell type was found. Under a conventional isolation/culture system a minor sub-population of muMSCs was identified and then characterised (based on the expression of SSEA-1 antigen Stage Specific Embryonic Antigen-1). The data presented strongly suggest that this new sub-population is not only the founder of the MSC compartment but also they are multipotent both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, this new cell-type can be directly identified from fresh bone marrow thus confirming its true existence in vivo. Detailed study on SSEA-1 pos-MSCs revealed that these cells present several common features with Embryonic Stem Cells (ES) and therefore suggests that a group of cells with embryonic features might persist throughout adult life. The identification/characterisation of these adult murine SSEA-1pos cells should facilitate the identification of a similar cell-type in the human MSC compartment. Furthermore, this study opens new questions on the developmental origin and importance of adult tissue-specific stem cells in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis.