Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fitting the Galactic Center gamma-ray excess with cascade annihilations

The apparent excess of gamma rays in an extended region in the direction of the galactic center has a spatial distribution and amplitude that are suggestive of dark matter annihilations. If this excess is indeed due to dark matter annihilations, it would indicate the presence of both dark matter and an additional particle beyond the Standard Model that mediates the interactions between the dark matter and Standard Model states. We introduce reference models describing dark matter annihilation to pairs of these new mediators, which decouples the SM-mediator coupling from the thermal annihilation cross section and easily explains the lack of direct detection signals. We determine the parameter regions that give good descriptions of the gamma ray excess for several motivated choices of mediator couplings to the SM. We find fermion dark matter with mass 7-26 GeV and a dark vector mediator, or scalar dark matter in the 10-50 GeV range (Higgs portal mediator) or 10-65 GeV range (gluophilic mediator) can provide a comparable or improved fit, compared to the case of direct annihilation. We demonstrate that these models can easily satisfy all constraints from collider experiments, direct detection, and cosmology.
QUADRATIC AND CONVEX MINIMAX CLASSIFICATION PROBLEMS

When there are two classes whose mean vectors and covariance matrices are known, Lanckriet et al. [7] consider the Linear Minimax Classification (LMC) problem and they propose a method for solving it. In this paper we first discuss the Quadratic Minimax Classification (QMC) problem, which is a generalization of LMC. We show that QMC is transformed to a parametric Semidefinite Programming (SDP) problem. We further define the Convex Minimax Classification (CMC) problem. Though the two problems are generalizations of LMC, we prove that solutions of these problems can be obtained by solving LMC.
Biomechanical factors in Finite Element Analysis of abdominal aortic aneurysms

The abdominal aortic aneurysm is tenth most common cause of death in Western countries. Since maximal transverse diameter as indication for surgical interventions is often criticized, biomechanics of the aneurysm has been studied to develop new criteria for a treatment. The Finite Element Method is being utilized to predict vessel stability. Computer simulations are proven to have high accuracy of rupture risk assessment, although the impact of all incorporated factors is still not fully known. The objective of this paper is to review the most commonly used biomechanical components of computer analysis, including geometry of the vessel, mechanical properties of the wall, thrombus and calcification, their impact on rupture risk, and methods of modelling blood pressure. Comprehension and precise assessment of biomechanics of aneurysm in terms of Finite Element Analysis have high potential in clinical management of abdominal aortic aneurysm.
Trend of Atherosclerosis Risk Factors in Children of Isfahan

The prevalence of major atherosclerosis risk factors in Iran was evaluated in 1993 and again in 1999 in 4500 randomly selected children aged 2 to 18 years. Serum lipid levels were significantly higher than standard values in both sexes and in all age groups in the 1993 and 1999 studies. The increase in serum lipid levels was most marked in teenagers. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly lower than standard values in both studies. There were no significant differences in blood pressure percentiles or the prevalence of hypertension compared to standard values in 1993 and 1999. No case of diabetes mellitus was found. Although the prevalence of obesity was low in these studies (0.2% in 1993, and 0.35% in 1999), a two-fold rise in overweight subjects was noted (4% in 1993, 8% in 1999; p < 0.05), especially in school-aged and adolescent girls. In view of these results and the increasing incidence of coronary artery disease among young people, special attention should be paid to primary prevention.
A standard test for AGCMs including their physical parametrizations: I: the proposal

To assist model intercomparison and development of a set of eight numerical experiments is proposed as a test‐bed for the interaction of dynamics and physical parameterizations in atmospheric GCMs. The framework for the experiments is that of an aqua‐planet and the prescribed sea‐surface temperatures (SSTs) are highly idealized. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society.
Commentary on "Model fit and model selection"

Kocherlakota reminds macroeconometric modelers and the users of these models that a model with a good fit may not be a useful tool for conditional forecasting and policy analysis. To summarize practitioners’ current view about fit and its implications for policy analysis, Kocherlakota quotes from recent influential work by Smets and Wouters (2003), who suggest that a useful model for policy analysis is one that includes enough shocks to fit the data well. Smets and Wouters’s view is quite representative of macroeconometric modeling strategies used today. To illustrate why a model that fits well may be not be useful for conditional forecasting, Kocherlakota constructs a model economy in which a model fits the data perfectly. He then shows that despite the perfect fit, the model cannot accurately forecast the impact of a tax cut on the economy because the elasticity of labor supply is unidentified. The reason that the perfect-fitting model provides a poor conditional forecast is In “Model Fit and Model Selection,” Narayana Kocherlakota (2007) warns econometricians and the users of econometric analyses that macroeconomic models that fit the data well—as measured by a high R2 and/or low residual variance—may not be very useful for policy advice because key parameters may not be identified. As an alternative, Kocherlakota provides a Bayesian approach that recognizes the significant challenge of identifying all parameters in a fully specified general equilibrium model and that also treats uncertainty about parameter values in a consistent fashion. Kocherlakota’s agnostic approach means that the range of uncertainty associated with the conditional forecasts (policy advice) generated by the macroeconometric models used by central banks and other policymaking agencies is probably much larger than recognized bymacroeconometric practitioners. This also suggests that policymakers, who use the forecasts from these models as an input into policymaking, should also modify their priors and recognize the considerable uncertainty in conditional forecasts. There is substantial evidence that supports Kocherlakota’s recommendation, and there is also substantial evidence that this practice—or other practices that explicitly recognize the degree of uncertainty in modeling the economy—is not followed by macroeconometric model builders. Nor is agnosticism followed by policymakers regarding the structure of the economy. Instead, current model-building practice focuses largely
Wavelet Based Optimal Control Solution for Nonlinear Systems

The main objective of the research is to show the advantages of wavelet based method from conventional ones to solve a nonlinear problem in a photovoltaic solar power generation. This non linearity comes from a case of limited power of solar radiation and expensive cost of solar panel, therefore maximization of absorbed power is become important. To solve the problem, the system state space approach is used. The optimal control problem is transformed and reduced to a boundary value problem using Hamiltonian equation derivation. To increase computation speed, a wavelet analysis is used as time discretization adaptation on numerical solver that uses time discretization basis. The wavelet is employed as analysis tool at each discretization level, start from coarse to finer discretization. The temporary grid result at present level is then used for determining the next level discretization. The final results of determining maximum power, prove that optimal control scheme can be used to solve control problem of solar power generation. The computation results also show that computation speed increases significantly by employing wavelet adaptation on the conventional solver without decreasing its accuracy.
Flavonoids from mango leaves with antibacterial activity

Five flavonoids, viz. (-)-epicatechin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside (1), 5-hy- droxy-3-(4-hydroxylphenyl)pyrano(3,2-g)chromene-4(8H)-one (2), 6-(p-hyd- roxybenzyl)taxifolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (tricuspid) (3), quercetin-3-O-α-glu- copyranosyl-(1→2)-β-glucopyranoside (4) and (-)-epicatechin(2-(3,4-dihyd- roxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol) (5), were isolated from the leaves of mango (Mangifera indica L.). The antibacterial activity of different concentrations of these flavonoids (100, 300, 500, 700, 900 and 1000 ppm) was evaluated against four bacterial species, namely Lactobacillus sp. , Escherichia coli, Azospirillium lipoferum and Bacillus sp. All the tested concentrations of the five flavonoids significantly reduced the growth of all the five tested bac- terial species. However, differences in the antibacterial activity of the flavo- noids were evident. Compound 1 exhibited the lowest antibacterial activity, resulting in a 7-75 % reduction in the growth of the different bacterial species. Compound 5 showed the greatest antibacterial activity and the different con- centrations reduced the bacterial growth by 45-99.9 %. A. lipoferum and Bacil- lus sp. showed the highest susceptibility to this compound. Compounds 2-4 also depicted pronounced antibacterial activity. Different concentrations of these compounds decreased bacterial growth by 52-96 %. From the present study, it can be concluded that compound 5 is the most effective of the tested flavonoids against A. lipoferum and Bacillus sp.
Health Information Technology in U.S. Hospitals: How Much, How Fast? Research-in-Progress

Hospitals are now faced with delivering value-based care (high quality patient care at a reduced cost) rather than volume-based care. To investigate the impact of IT on valuecreation in health care, we identify and theorize how the extent of use and rate of growth in use for three HIT capabilities (Clinical Process Management, Patient Engagement, and Patient Transition) may independently and jointly affect cost and patient quality outcomes in the context of the U.S. health care industry. Our empirical data is based on multiple archival sources from 2008-2013, including data on implementation and use of HIT functionalities, hospital characteristics, quality of patient care outcomes, and cost of care outcomes. We identify measures for our constructs and propose analysis methods to test our model and hypotheses. We seek to contribute to our understanding of how portfolios of HIT capabilities and associated complementarities may contribute to the delivery of value-based care.
An estimate of the electron density in filaments of galaxies at z∼ 0.1

Most of the baryons in the Universe are thought to be contained within filaments of galaxies, but as yet, no single study has published the observed properties of a large sample of known filaments to determine typical physical characteristics such as temperature and electron density. This paper presents a comprehensive large-scale search conducted for X-ray emission from a population of 41 bona fide filaments of galaxies to determine their X-ray flux and electron density. The sample is generated from Pimbblet et al.’s (2004) filament catalogue, which is in turn sourced from the 2 degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS). Since the filaments are expected to be very faint and of very low density, we used stacked ROSAT All-Sky Survey data. We detect a net surface brightness from our sample of filaments of (1.6±0.1)× 10 14 erg cm 2 s 1 arcmin 2 in the 0.9–1.3 keV energy band for 1 keV plasma, which implies an electron density of ne = (4.7±0.2)×10 4 h 1/2 100 cm 3 . Finally, we examine if a filament’s membership to a supercluster leads to an enhanced electron density as
Nutrient distribution in sandy soils along a forest productivity gradient in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region of Alberta, Canada

Abstract: Brunisolic soils developed on sandy deposits comprise a significant portion of the land disturbed by surface mining in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region. These soils support forest communities ranging from nutrient limited jack pine to more productive aspen stands. The objective of this study was to determine if and how the physical properties of these sandy soils influence the accumulation and distribution of soil nutrients. Sixteen sites, selected to capture the natural range in forest productivity of the area, were characterized to assess particle size distribution, total and available nutrient stocks in forest floors, total C and N, and extractable nutrients in B horizons. Under jack pine, relatively small decreases in sand content of the upper soil profiles, from 97% to 88%, were associated with greater total nutrient stocks and lower C/N ratios in the forest floors. In soils under aspen, forest floor nutrient stocks related most strongly with texture of the B horizons, with finer B horizons (from 94% to 78% sand) leading to larger forest floor nutrient stocks. These results indicate that textural characteristics play an important role in nutrient cycling of these sandy soils and should be a primary focus during their reclamation.
Ologs : A Categorical Framework for Knowledge Representation

In this paper we introduce the olog, or ontology log, a category-theoretic model for knowledge representation (KR). Grounded in formal mathematics, ologs can be rigorously formulated and cross-compared in ways that other KR models (such as semantic networks) cannot. An olog is similar to a relational database schema; in fact an olog can serve as a data repository if desired. Unlike database schemas, which are generally difficult to create or modify, ologs are designed to be user-friendly enough that authoring or reconfiguring an olog is a matter of course rather than a difficult chore. It is hoped that learning to author ologs is much simpler than learning a database definition language, despite their similarity. We describe ologs carefully and illustrate with many examples. As an application we show that any primitive recursive function can be described by an olog. We also show that ologs can be aligned or connected together into a larger network using functors. The various methods of information flow and institutions can then be used to integrate local and global world-views. We finish by providing several different avenues for future research. Citation: Spivak DI, Kent RE (2012) Ologs: A Categorical Framework for Knowledge Representation. PLoS ONE 7(1): e24274. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0024274 Editor: Chris Mavergames, The Cochrane Collaboration, Germany Received February 18, 2011; Accepted August 9, 2011; Published January 31, 2012 Copyright: 2012 Spivak, Kent. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This project was supported by ONR grant N000141010841 and a generous contribution by Clark Barwick, Jacob Lurie, and the mathematics department at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: dspivak@math.mit. edu
Passive NAT detection using HTTP logs

Network devices performing NAT prove to be a double edge sword. They can easily overcome the problem with the deficit of IPv4 addresses as well as introduce a vulnerability to the network. Therefore detecting NAT devices is an important task in the network security domain. In this thesis, a novel passive NAT detection algorithm is proposed. It infers NAT devices in the networks using statistical behavior analysis of HTTP logs. These network traffic data are often already collected and available at proxy servers, which enables the wide applicability of the solution. On the basis of our experimental evaluations, proposed algorithm detection capabilities are better than the state-of-the art NAT detection approaches.
Differential Gene Expression und Nebivolol and Atenolol during Experimental Ischemia in Human Myocardium

Introduction: During and after myocardial ischemia, betablockers support the preservation of myocardial integrity. In the present study, nebivolol is compared with another standard betablocker, here atenolol, commonly used in the treatment of myocardial ischemia. In human preparations, we found remarkable differences in the expression profiles between nebivolol and atenolol, both during simulated myocardial ischemia and normoxia. Here we report on these noteworthy differences in expression profiles. Results: Our results show that, in particular, on the level of reverse transcrip- tion and T-cell-mediated immunity as well as in the process of angiogenesis, a noteworthy regulation is brought about by nebivolol. Similarly, biological processes involved in cell-mediated immunity and reverse transcription are significantly up-regulated by nebivolol and not by atenolol. Cell-mediated immunity is largely involved in tissue repair. In well-oxygenized preparations, we have shown that numerous biochemical proc- esses, mainly those involved in signalling and cellular immunity, are affected by nebivolol but not by atenolol. This shows that, in non-ischemic, well-perfused preparations, nebivolol unfolds particular, possibly cardioprotective effects which cannot be observed under atenolol. Similarly, we can see that many processes involved in contraction, lipid metabolism, and proliferation are down-regulated by nebivolol only (not by atenolol). In well-oxygenized preparations, we found numerous biochemical processes up-regulated by nebivolol (not by atenolol): of special interest in this context are reverse transcription, stress response, and protein phosphorylation. It is interesting that nebivolol, but not atenolol, leads to a down- regulation of gene expression in glutamine-glutamate conversion and pyruvate metabolism, the latter of particular interest in ischemia. In well- oxygenized preparations, we can see that numerous biological pathways, mainly those involved in signalling, angiogenesis, cellular immunity, and EGF are affected by nebivolol but not by atenolol. Concerning nebivolol-regulated biological pathways, we could see that, during normoxia, up- regulation of pathways is hardly pronounced by nebivolol over atenolol. From these data we can certainly deduce that nebivolol unfolds a large number of molecular actions not seen in atenolol. This is reflected in differential gene expression both in well-oxygenated and ischemic prepara- tions. J Clin Basic Cardiol 2008; 11 (online): 16-23.
Sparsity regularized optical interferometric imaging

Optical interferometry involves acquisition of under-sampled data related to the Fourier coefficients of the intensity image of interest, with missing phase information. It poses an ill-posed non-linear inverse problem for image recovery. In this context, for monochromatic imaging, a tri-linear data model was proposed in [1], leading to a non-negative nonlinear least squares minimization problem, solved using a Gauss-Seidel method. In the recently submitted paper [2], we have developed a new robust method to improve upon the previous approach, by introducing a sparsity prior, imposed either by an l1 or a reweighted l1 regularization term. The resulting problem is solved using an alternating forwardbackward algorithm, which is applicable to both smooth and non-smooth functions, and provides convergence guarantees in the non-convex context of interest. Moreover, our method presenting a general framework, we have extended it to hyperspectral imaging, where we have promoted a joint sparsity prior by an l2,1 norm. Here we describe the proposed method and present simulation results to show its performance.
MUTATION AT CODON 198 OF TUB2 GENE FOR CARBENDAZIM RESISTANCE IN COLLETOTRICHUM GLOEOSPORIOIDES CAUSING MANGO ANTHRACNOSE IN THAILAND

Screening of field isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from various mango cultivars from markets and orchards in Thailand identified 113 carbendazim-resistant isolates. Isolates with a highly-resistant phenotype (HR) grew well on Potato Dex- trose Agar (PDA) amended with carbendazim even at ≥500 mg/l. Isolates with carbendazim-resistant phenotype had a conspicuous mutation at a particular site in the β-tubulin (TUB2) gene sequence. The sequence of TUB2 in HR isolates showed a single nucleotide transversion of adenine to cytosine, resulting in a substitution at codon 198 from glutamic acid (GAG) in wild type to alanine (GCG) in HR isolates. This is the first report of the molecular determination of field isolates for benzimidazole fungicide resistance in Southeast Asia in C. gloeosporioides causing mango anthracnose.
Genomic dactyloscopy of Chlorella sp., symbionts of Paramecium bursaria

Summary The exon nucleotide sequences of the last part of the 18S rRNA gene in the northern and the southern ecotypes of zoochlorella strains (in the interval from 1315 to 1766 sites in accordance with sequence X56105 of Chlorella kessleri strain SAG�211�11g) were compared with the exon sequence of this gene in different Chlorella strains. These two ecotypes were shown to be the closest neighbours of Ch. vulgaris, Ch. sorokinianа, Ch. lobophora. All strains of northern and southern ecotypes were different from free� living Chlorella vulgaris in having introns in the first part of the 18S rRNA gene. The southern zoochlorellae had at least one more intron in middle part of the gene. We assume that in the course of evolution the ancestors of the northern zoochlorellae (Ch. vulgaris) got an intron (of the size about 330 nucleotides in the interval of 106�1315 b.p. of the 18S RNA gene), and southern zoochlorellae have got several introns, one similar to that of the northern ecotype in size and position and the others in the part of the gene, 1276�1766 (the size 647 nucleotides) and 495 b.p (according to the data of Hoshira et al., 2004, 2005) at the end of the gene.
Dynamic rotation and partial visibility

This article generalizes a previously presented dynamic fitness function with two different concepts, namely a coordinate rotation and the concept of partial visibility. Those concepts define different classes of test problems. A set of standard evolution strategies and genetic algorithms with and without hypermutation are tested on two of the dynamic problem classes. They give insight into certain properties of the presented concepts and dynamic optimization in general.
Implied Default Barrier in Credit Default Swap Premia

This paper applies the methodology developed by Forte and Pena (2006) to extract the implied default point in the premium on credit default swaps (CDS). As well as considering a more extensive international sample of corporations (96 US, European and Japanese companies) and a longer time interval (2001-2004), we make two significant contributions to the original methodology. First, we calibrate bankruptcy costs, allowing for the adjustment of the mean recovery rate of each sector to its historical average. Second, and drawing on the sample of default point indicators for each company-year obtained, we propose an econometric model for these indicators that excludes any reference to the credit derivatives market. With this model it is thus possible to estimate the default barrier resorting solely to the equity market. Compared with other alternatives for setting the default point in the absence of CDS (such as the optimal default point for shareholders, the default point in the Moody’s-KMV model or the face value of the debt), the out-of-sample use of the econometric model significantly improves the capacity of the structural model proposed by Forte and Pena (2006) to differentiate between companies with an investment grade rating (CDS less than 150 bp) and those with a non-investment grade rating.