Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Turbulent dispersion of the icing cloud from spray nozzles used in icing tunnels

To correctly simulate flight in natural icing conditions, the turbulence in an icing simulator must be as low as possible. But some turbulence is required to mix the droplets from the spray nozzles and achieve an icing cloud of uniform liquid water content. The goal for any spray system is to obtain the widest possible spray cloud with the lowest possible turbulence in the test section of a icing tunnel. This investigation reports the measurement of turbulence and the three-dimensional spread of the cloud from a single spray nozzle. The task was to determine how the air turbulence and cloud width are affected by spray bars of quite different drag coefficients, by changes in the turbulence upstream of the spray, the droplet size, and the atomizing air. An ice accretion grid, located 6.3 m downstream of the single spray nozzle, was used to measure cloud spread. Both the spray bar and the grid were located in the constant velocity test section. Three spray bar shapes were tested: the short blunt spray bar used in the NASA Lewis Icing Research Tunnel, a thin 14.6 cm chord airfoil, and a 53 cm chord NACA 0012 airfoil. At the low airspeed (56 km/hr) the ice accretion pattern was axisymmetric and was not affected by the shape of the spray bar. At the high airspeed (169 km/hr) the spread was 30 percent smaller than at the low airspeed. For the widest cloud the spray bars should be located as far upstream in the low velocity plenum of the icing tunnel. Good comparison is obtained between the cloud spread data and predicitons from a two-dimensional cloud mixing computer code using the two equation turbulence (k epsilon g) model.
Design Guide for Subgrades and Subbases

• Help Iowa roadway engineers improve the design, construction, and testing of a pavement system’s subgrade and subbase layers, thereby extending pavement life • Synthesize current and previous research into a practical geotechnical design guide, proposed to be Chapter 6 (Geotechnical) of the SUDAS Design Manual • Recommend revisions to SUDAS Specifi cations Section 2010 (Earthwork, Subgrade, and Subbase) to improve construction specifi cations
Review of the ACT Road Ready and Road Ready Plus Novice Driver Road Safety Education Course Material

This report documents research that was commissioned in order to review the materials used in the Road Ready program for relevancy and acceptability to the target audiences as part of the implementation of the ACT Road Safety Strategy Action Plan. Relevant literature on young driver crash risk and best practice principles in driver education was reviewed as a first step (Section 2). The evidence for effectiveness of driver education programs in Australia was summarised (Section 3) and a separate review of the use of incentives in relation to driver education was performed. The brief called for an expert review of the materials and delivery design for both the Road Ready and Road Ready Plus programs. This is reported in Section 5, along with the overall recommendations for program improvement. More specific comments on individual modules in the Road Ready program are listed at the end of Section 5. Lastly, feedback from stakeholders, specifically the facilitators and teachers of the programs, as well as former students who have completed the Road Ready program, was sought. Interviews and surveys were conducted with these groups. Summaries of the methods and findings are contained in Section 6.
U.S. Army Land Condition-Trend Analysis (LCTA) Plot Inventory Field Methods

Abstract : The U.S. Army is faced with a unique challenge in managing the lands on its installations, in meeting its needs for training land, and also in meeting environmental compliance recommendations and requirements. The Land Condition-Trend Analysis (LCTA) program uses standard methods to collect, analyze, and report natural resources data, and is the Army's standard for land inventory and monitoring. This report outlines standard methods for collecting and maintaining a permanent LCTA data base on the condition of Army land resources. Included are lists of equipment needed for data collection, and detailed procedures for establishing permanent field plots, collecting plant specimens, inventorying wildlife populations, and maintaining the data bases by periodic short- and long-term monitoring of the field plots.
A tuning method for nonuniform traveling-wave accelerating structures

The tuning method of uniform traveling-wave structures based on non-resonant perturbation field distribution measurement has been widely used in tuning both constant-impedance and constant-gradient structures. In this paper, the method of tuning nonuniform structures is proposed on the basis of the above theory. The internal reflection coefficient of each cell is obtained from analyzing the normalized voltage distribution. A numerical simulation of tuning process according to the coupled cavity chain theory has been done and the result shows each cell is in right phase advance after tuning. The method will be used in the tuning of a disk-loaded traveling-wave structure being developed at the Accelerator Laboratory, Tsinghua University.
HONDO II: a finite element computer program for the large deformation dynamic response of axisymmetric solids. [HONDO]

HONDO is a finite element method computer program designed to calculate the large deformation elastic and inelastic transient dynamic response of two dimensional solids. To accommodate a wide variety of applications, finite strain calculations are incorporated. Spatially, the program employs a four node isoparametric quadrilateral element. In time, the program performs the integration using a central difference method time integrator. Since the time integration scheme is only conditionally stable with respect to step size, the program continuously monitors the step size and adjusts it to keep the calculation stable. The program contains five material subroutines covering elastic, viscoelastic, elastic-plastic, crushable foam, and soil behavior. Initial conditions on velocity but not displacement are allowed. Pressure loadings are allowed. Thermal loads are not implemented. The program functions entirely in core, and because no stiffness matrices are calculated and stored, rather large problems are easily accommodated.
REPORT ON THE FIRST JACKSBORO MMLS TESTS

This report outlines the two accelerated pavement tests completed in Jacksboro, Texas, using the 1/3-scale Model Mobile Load Simulator (MMLS3). The MMLS3 tests were initially commissioned to investigate the stripping phenomenon evident under conventional trafficking of the outside lane adjacent to the TxMLS testing in the region. To achieve this goal, the MMLS3 was used in the field to test a pavement section on the northbound carriageway of US 281 near Jacksboro. During trafficking of the first MMLS3 test, water flowed over the pavement surface to accelerate the effects of stripping. Subsequent testing with the MMLS3 was used to investigate and compare the relative rutting of the 1/3-scale machine to that of the full-scale TxMLS without the use of water. In addition to the technical goals described, further development of the prototype MMLS3 was of particular interest. The mean combined operational productivity of the MMLS3 for the wet and dry tests was 79%, 13%, and 8% for run, maintenance, and data collection time, respectively. For both the wet and dry tests, data collection included hourly asphalt layer temperature monitoring, frequent transverse surface profiling, Surface Analysis of Spectral Waves (SASW) analyses, and relative asphalt surface deformation measurements. It was found that the temperature gradient of the asphalt concrete layer with water flowing over the surface (the wet test) ranged from 24 deg C to 27 deg C. For the dry test, the gradient ranged from 33 deg C to 38 deg C. The SASW modulus ratios (trafficked versus control sections) determined at the termination of the wet and dry MMLS3 tests were 38% and 90%, respectively, indicating that the asphalt surfacing (overlay) on the northbound carriageway of US 281 is potentially susceptible to moisture damage. For this reason, additional wet MMLS3 testing is recommended on the southbound carriageway of US 281 to ascertain whether this overlay is also susceptible, given that it performed relatively well under dry conditions.
REMR Management System - Navigation Structures: A Simple Condition and Performance Rating Procedure for Riverine Stone Training Dikes and Revetments.

Abstract : This report describes a simple algorithm that provides a quantitative description of the condition of riverine stone navigation training dikes and revetment. The quantitative description, called a condition index (CI), is incorporated into a REMR Management System for stone navigation training dikes and revetment. The CI is an indicator of a structure's condition and, to some extent, its functionality. The CI is obtained from an algorithm that uses field inspection data as input and is designed so that it provides consistent, repeatable, uniform results. The fundamental goals of the REMR Management System are to establish Corps-wide inspection uniformity and to establish common definitions of condition so that more effective communications concerning condition can be made. REMR Management Systems use uniform condition inspection techniques that emphasize visual, inexpensive, and efficient methods of data gathering. The Corps oversees the maintenance and repair of thousands of river bank stabilization structures and maintains an inventory of nearly 11,000 riverine training dike structures. This report addresses the condition assessments of existing stone dikes and stone dikes that will be constructed in the future.
Emerging technology for remote IED render safe using the OzBot

The Centre for Intelligent Systems Research (CISR) based within Deakin University’s Geelong campus has been developing technology specifically for remote render-safe of IED since being awarded a CTD contact in 2006. During this time, research engineers have worked with key defence and industry stakeholders to develop a series of robotic platforms tasked with immersing a soldier in his or her remote environment. Utilising Haptics (force feedback technology), stereovision (binocular video stream for depth perception) and intuitive user controls, the robots have been engineered to deliver maximum effectiveness while allowing minimal training liability. In Victoria, CISR’s OzBot series of mobile platforms have been used by the Victorian Police in a first-responder capacity, exploiting the 30-sec system boot-up and man-portable design to get eyes-on-target at the soonest possible moment. The CISR robotics group has been working on technologies that reduce operator fatigue, minimise training liability and maintenance, developing simulation technologies for increased training availability and develop mobile platforms with increased range, payload, manipulator reach and capability. This paper describes some of the technologies, methods and systems developed by CISR in the field of IED neutralisation with the aim of increasing military awareness of Australian capability.
Detection of Kita-Kyushu Lung Cancer Antigen-1, a Cancer/Testis Antigen, in the Stomach Close to a Cancerous Condition

Background: Kita-Kyushu lung cancer antigen-1 (KK-LC-1), encoded by CT83, is a cancer/testis antigen (CTA) and an attractive target for immunotherapy. Our previous study demonstrated frequent CT83 expression in gastric cancers (GCs) and non-tumor sites of the stomach with tumors. Additionally, there was a correlation with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection. Since it currently remains unclear whether KK-LC-1 is expressed in the stomach without GC, this study investigated KK-LC-1 expression in non-GC stomach. Methods: We investigated differences in CT83 gene expression at non-tumor sites of stomachs with or without tumors in 118 GC patients and 115 non-GC patients. Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analyses. Results: CT83 expression was detected in 77% of non-tumor sites in stomachs with tumors, which was significantly higher than in stomachs without tumors (7%, p < 0.0001). All patients with CT83 expression at non-tumor sites of their stomachs without tumors carried Hp. Conclusion: CT83 appears to be rarely expressed in the atrophic stomach, and furthermore, a part of patients positive for its expression will develop GC in the future, suggesting that CT83 expression is a useful marker for predicting GC.
Application of HDBSСAN Method for Clustering scRNA-seq Data

One of the main tasks in the analysis of single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data is the identification of cell types and subtypes, which is usually based on some method of clustering. There is a number of generally accepted approaches to solving the clustering problem, one of which is implemented in the Seurat package. In addition, the quality of clustering is influenced by the use of preprocessing algorithms, such as imputation, dimensionality reduction, feature selection, etc. In the article, the HDBSCAN hierarchical clustering method is used to cluster scRNA-seq data. For a more complete comparison Experiments and comparisons were made on two labeled datasets: Zeisel (3005 cells) and Romanov (2881 cells). To compare the quality of clustering, two external metrics were used: Adjusted Rand index and V-measure. The experiments demonstrated a higher quality of clustering by the HDBSCAN method on the Zeisel dataset and a poorer quality on the Romanov dataset.
Experimental investigation of pressure fluctuations in a high-energy centrifugal pump stage at off-design conditions

In centrifugal pumps, the interaction between the rotating impeller blades and the stationary diffuser vanes generates specific pressure fluctuation patterns. At off-design operation, high incidence and large local pressure gradients can lead to flow separations in rotating or stationary components of centrifugal pumps. The resulting rise of mechanical vibration levels may negatively affect the operational performance and the life span of mechanical components. This paper presents detailed pressure fluctuation measurements performed in a high speed centrifugal diffuser pump stage at full scale in the stationary and in the rotating domain at various locations for different operating conditions.
CAMBRIDGE WORKING PAPERS IN ECONOMICS Identifying residential consumption patterns using data-mining techniques: A large-scale study of smart meter data in Chengdu, China

The fine-grained electricity consumption data created by advanced metering technologies offers an opportunity to understand residential demand from new angles. Although there exists a large body of research on demand response in short-and long-term forecasting, a comprehensive analysis to identify household consumption behaviour in different scenarios has not been conducted. The study’s novelty lies in its use of unsupervised machine learning tools to explore residential customers’ demand patterns and response without the assistance of traditional survey tools. We investigate behavioural response in three different contexts: 1) seasonal (using weekly consumption profiles); 2) holidays/festivals; and 3) extreme weather situations. The analysis is based on the smart metering data of 2,000 households in Chengdu, China over three years from 2014 to 2016. Workday/weekend profiles indicate that there are two distinct groups of households that appear to be white-collar or relatively affluent families. Demand patterns at the major festivals in China, especially the Spring Festival, reveal various types of lifestyle and households. In terms of extreme weather response, the most striking finding was that in summer, at night-time, over 72% of households doubled (or more) their electricity usage, while consumption changes in winter do not seem to be significant. Our research offers more detailed insight into Chinese residential consumption and provides a practical framework to understand households’ behaviour patterns in different settings.
Decision Making with Digital Systems

Abstract : Access to current, accurate battlefield information via the Army Battle Command System (ABCS), is supposed to improve decision making by leaders and commanders, but some research suggests that information systems may, paradoxically, have the opposite effect by overwhelming leaders with information or by emphasizing irrelevant information. There are currently no published reports examining the impact of ABCS systems on decision-making. This report is an effort to address this important research gap through an investigation of the ways the ABCS impacts decision-making by Army leaders at the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC). Observer/controllers (O/Cs) at JRTC reported that few units are fully trained to use their ABCS systems. Nevertheless, most units were able to leverage some system capabilities to accomplish mission objectives. The most common decision errors were the result of the availability heuristic (e.g., making a decision with incomplete information). Of the six decision errors examined, only two were reported to involve ABCS systems. O/Cs also indicated that when digital systems increased errors, it was due to improper use rather than the design of the system. Thus, the data suggest that these systems do not increase decision errors; however, their potential to reduce errors has not yet been fully realized by units training at JRTC.
Identifying Students’ Needs Towards the Provision of Social Support in Online Learning

Social support has been found to play an important role in retaining learning and contribute to better understanding and performance among students. This study aims to determine the needs and requirements of learners or students towards the provision of social support in online learning. Random sampling technique was used to select 10 students enrolled in an ICT-based course at one of Malaysian university as respondents. The instrument for this study was a semi-structured interview questions adapted from the works of Sarason et al. (1987). Thematic analysis was performed on the transcribed interview to allow visual interpretation and understanding of the context from each response. This study found that the students had often received and prefer to get social support while learning online. The reasons for their preference were for motivation, understanding, information searching and affirmation. The students were also identified to have preference for social support from the instructor more than from peers and the learning content. Overall, Informational Support is the most expected type of social support by the students. This study provides findings that would assist in the provision of social support through the design and development of an online learning environment.
Relations of Dietary patterns and sleep disorders in shift workers

Background & aimsFew studies have been done on the association of dietary intakes with SDs among shift workers, in particular those exposed to air pollution. We aimed to investigate the association of major dietary patterns with risk of SDs in shift workers of a cement factory in Iran.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out on 257 male shift workers in a cement factory in Iran. Usual dietary intake of participants was assessed using a validated self-administrated 147-item dish-based FFQ. To examine sleep disturbances of participants, we used the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). ResultsThree major dietary patterns including Classic Iranian (CI), Modern Iranian (MI), and High Protein Low Fruit and vegetables (HPLF) were identified. The CI pattern was mainly consisted of high-protein animal foods, fruit and vegetables, while, the MI pattern had high amounts of refined grains, solid oils, and caffeine drinks. No significant association was found between adherence to the CI pattern and risk of SDs (OR: 2.33; 95% CI: 0.69, 7.81) and also for the MI dietary pattern (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.20, 1.93). However, we found a significant direct association between the HPLF dietary pattern and risk of SDs (OR: 3.92; 95% CI: 1.03, 14.86). ConclusionThis study showed a significant direct association between a dietary pattern high in animal proteins and solid oils and low in fruit and vegetables with risk of sleep disorders among shift workers in the cement factory. However, no such association was found for the two other dietary patterns.
Capacity Design of Bridge Piers and the Analysis of Overstrength

The capacity design philosophy has now become the design norm for the seismic design of most structural systems. For bridge systems, this means it is necessary to assess the overstrength capacity of columns prior to proceeding with the design of the foundation and superstructure. This research is devoted to developing deterministic procedures to obtain overstrength factors for column elements. For this purpose, a moment-curvature approach is explored. A parametric study is then conducted to investigate the factors that effect overstrength. A simplified design methodology is proposed based on plastic analysis of overstrength moment capacity. A design example showing the step by step procedure is also presented.
An Analytical Study of Icing Similitude for Aircraft Engine Testing. Revision

Abstract : An analytical study was conducted of the requirements for achieving similitude for icing as test conditions were varied. The application is aimed at engine icing tests conducted in ground spray rig facilities. The analysis considers the changes in the icing test conditions, including static temperature, static pressure, liquid water content, droplet size, and flow velocity, that are required to achieve similitude if any of the conditions are changed. The analysis uses a math model of icing scaling which has been validated by experimental data collected at the AEDC icing research tunnel. The requirements for similitude were analyzed for changes in both temperature and pressure. Expressions to describe the influence of test condition changes on the value of the scaling parameter were developed. The effect of icing caused by free-stream static temperature changes and temperature rise through a generic high-bypass turbofan engine was studied. The icing test points listed for compliance testing for aircraft icing certification under guidelines given in the Federal Aviation Administration Advisory Circular (AC) 20-73 were used as test points for the analyses.