Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting the Invasion Risk of Miconia calvescens in the Marquesas Islands (South Pacific): A Modeling Approach

Abstract: Predicting the distribution of alien species in areas not yet reached or where the species are still found in low abundance is crucial for implementing timely management strategies. Miconia calvescens has become one of the worst plant invaders in the Pacific including in the Society Islands (French Polynesia), the Hawaiian Islands, and tropical Australia. The species has been recently introduced to the Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia) where it started to spread. In this study, we aimed at predicting the potential distribution of Miconia across this archipelago. MAXENT modelling based on ∼3,000 occurrence records from the native and introduced ranges of the species was used to predict its equilibrium distribution. Two types of environmental variables acting at different scales were considered: (1) climate variables at a 1km scale for predicting the invasion risk over still Miconia-free Marquesan islands; and (2) topographic variables at a 10 m scale for refining prospections and guiding management strategies on the islands of Nuku Hiva and Fatu Hiva where Miconia currently occupies ∼0.01% of the surface. Results differed substantially according to the origin of inputted occurrence records but models generally indicated that Miconia has the potential to spread over all inhabited Marquesan islands and over half of Nuku Hiva and a third of Fatu Hiva. Our approach provides valuable information for stakeholders to prevent future outbreaks. Without strong biosecurity measures, an early warning system, and appropriate control strategies in areas where it is already naturalized, Miconia could become a great threat to the outstanding biodiversity of the Marquesas Islands.
Point mutational examination of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), inclusion bodies analysis, and Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV) exonuclease resistant RNA structure mapping and prediction

Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) binds the 5’m7GTP cap structure of mRNA in order to facilitate effective translation. Recessive eIF4E alleles harboring naturally occurring point mutations have been associated with resistance to viral infection, particularly in members of the genus Potyvirus. Resistance is thought to be conferred by disrupting the binding of the 5’ viral-encoded protein (VPg), covalently attached to the 5’ end of the Potyvirus genomic RNA, to eIF4E. RNAs of members of the genus Panicovirus, some Carmoviruses and one Umbravirus however, bind eIF4E through a 3’ cap independent translation element (3’CITE) termed the PTE (Panicum mosaic virus-like translation enhancer). The PTE consists of a T shaped secondary structure with a C-rich region at the branch point between stem loops 1 and 2 and G-rich region in a bulge in the basal stem loop. The C-rich and G-rich regions form a pseudoknot where the G-rich region contains a flexible G that is thought to flip outward and potentially act as a 5’ m7GTP cap analog to bind eIF4E. Point mutations were introduced into wheat eIF4E in order to identify amino acids needed for PTE binding and were designed based on previous studies of recessive resistance-conferring eIF4E alleles, along with the crystal structure of wheat eIF4E bound to m7GDP. However, the chosen method of eIF4E purification involving a glutathione S-transferase (GST) tag repeatedly resulted GST-eIF4E inclusion bodies, which limited the ability to purify mutant eIF4E for binding studies. Therefore a large portion of this work is concerned with attempts to solubilize the GST-eIF4E fusion protein.
Video-worked examples to support the development of elementary students’ science process skills: a case study in an inquiry activity on electrical circuits

ABSTRACT Background Scientific inquiry is a widely accepted methodology to promote science process skills. In inquiry activities, students develop their understanding by addressing questions, performing scientific research and interpreting results derived from their research. Developing these science skills to perform scientific inquiries is considered a learning objective in primary science education. Although this methodology yields good results, it can be too cognitively demanding for inexperienced students. Guides are therefore needed to support the development of novel inquirer activities. Purpose In the present work, a didactic strategy based on video-worked examples is proposed for guiding the inquiry process in an elementary education classroom. Sample This study included 30 elementary school students in the fifth and sixth grade from one rural school in Catalonia (eastern Spain). Design and method The present work is a case study in which a quantitative method is applied to achieve the research objectives. Six open-ended questions were used to analyse the performance of the different science process skills. Results Results confirm that the strategy based on the use of video-worked examples to support an inquiry activity provides students with a structure for the inquiry process, and in particular, improve their questioning, collection, processing and analysing skills. These data reinforce the idea that offering supports and instructions renders an opportunity to practise science process skills and improve the students’ understanding and application of these abilities. Moreover, video-worked examples supported transferring scientific skills to other scientific contexts. Conclusions The use of video-worked examples as a didactic strategy has a positive impact on the students’ inquiry behavior. This strategy promoted positive classroom dynamics reflected in improved students’ autonomy, collaborative work and motivation when performing an inquiry activity.
How helpful are the protein-protein interaction databases and which ones?

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are critical, and so are the databases and tools (resources) concerning PPIs. But in absence of systematic comparisons, biologists/bioinformaticians may be forced to make a subjective selection among such protein interaction databases and tools. In fact, a comprehensive list of such bioinformatics resources has not been reported so far. For the first time, we compiled 375 PPI resources, short-listed and performed preliminary comparison of 125 important ones (both lists available publicly at startbioinfo.com), and then systematically compared human PPIs from 16 carefully-selected databases. General features have been first compared in detail. The coverage of ‘experimentally verified’ vs. all PPIs, as well as those significant in case of disease-associated and other types of genes among the chosen databases has been compared quantitatively. This has been done in two ways: outputs manually obtained using web-interfaces, and all interactions downloaded from the databases. For the first approach, PPIs obtained in response to gene queries using the web interfaces were compared. As a query set, 108 genes associated with different tissues (specific to kidney, testis, and uterus, and ubiquitous) or diseases (breast cancer, lung cancer, Alzheimer’s, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, and cardiomyopathy) were chosen. PPI-coverage for well-studied genes was also compared with that of less-studied ones. For the second approach, the back-end-data from the databases was downloaded and compared. Based on the results, we recommend the use of STRING and UniHI for retrieving the majority of ‘experimentally verified’ protein interactions, and hPRINT and STRING for obtaining maximum number of ‘total’ (experimentally verified as well as predicted) PPIs. The analysis of experimentally verified PPIs found exclusively in each database revealed that STRING contributed about 71% of exclusive hits. Overall, hPRINT, STRING and IID together retrieved ~94% of ‘total’ protein interactions available in the databases. The coverage of certain databases was skewed for some gene-types. The results also indicate that the database usage frequency may not correlate with their advantages, thereby justifying the need for more frequent studies of this nature.
Role of Vitamin E in Prevention of Breast Cancer: An Epidemiological Review

Breast cancer rates are so high among women in more developed countries, rates are increasing in almost every region of the world. In 2018, it is reported that 627,000 women died from breast cancer. Vitamin E is a common supplement characterized by its antioxidant potential effects on many chronic conditions that prevent free radicals from harming DNA, protein and cell membranes may serve as a part of cancer growth by reducing oxidative DNA alteration. The major forms of vitamin E as an anticancer agent, which acts as major antioxidants to regulate peroxidation reactions and control free-radical production within the body, are tocopherols and tocotrienols. Since Vitamin E had first acted as a non-antioxidant, α-tocopherol has inhibited smooth muscle proliferation activity and protein kinase C activity. Although tocotrienols are mostly investigated as antioxidant effects of tocotrienol, which plays an important role in reducing the damage to DNA by decreasing the by-product of lipid peroxidation. This study aims to investigate the connection between vitamin E and also the risk of breast cancer and the outcome is that some inverse Review Article Ripon et al.; AJARR, 11(3): 37-47, 2020; Article no.AJARR. 58489 38 relationship between vitamin E and breast cancer exists. There has been clear evidence that vitamin E reduces the risk of human cancer but our main focus is on breast cancer, seen in many prospective and retrospective case-control, cohort and intervention studies.
The Research Topics of Leadership: Bibliometric Analysis from 1923 to 2019

Leadership phenomenon is characterized by unflagging interest among scientists in the field of management. This is one of the reasons why various theories, concepts and topics of leadership are propounded in literature. The current paper examined the trends of leadership publications, the most common topics of leadership, and whether the research topics have followed a coherent progression. A literature review was conducted in order to understand what has been done until now. Using a bibliometric analysis, the current paper summarized 12,235 publications on leadership from the Web of Science database, spanning the period from 1923 to 2019. The findings obtained indicate growing number of leadership publications and the following research topics: leadership management, leadership performance, leadership model, leaders' behaviors, leaders' personalities and team leadership which are related to each other. Moreover, the results also show a weakening interest in 'hard' aspects of leadership in a 'soft' direction.
Intrusion Detection and Prevention System Using Deep Learning

As technology is developing day by day and the number of networked digital devices is increasing manifold, the number of intruders and the type of attacks are also increasing. So there arises a need to detect and prevent these attacks. Hence this work is focused to implement an Intrusion detection and prevention system using Deep Learning that can immediately detect the attacks such as DOS, Probe, R2L and U2R and prevent the same. The intrusion when arises is detected using a Deep Learning model called Multi-Layer Perceptron trained by the dataset kddcup99 with high accuracy. Appropriate data from network is captured and it is stored as a csv file and is fed to the implemented Deep learning model to predict the attack in a real time manner, thus detection is achieved. In second phase, the intrusion is prevented using a script that runs in the background. The script is developed to perform the prevention phase by taking appropriate decision on the different prevention function to be performed for different types of attacks. The decision can be made by using the data from the classification part achieved through the Multi-Layer Perceptron model. In this paper both the separate Intrusion Detection System and the Intrusion Prevention system are combined as a single system to achieve the aim of intrusion detection and prevention tasks in a faster and efficient manner.
Salmonella enterica Subsp. Enterica Serovar Reading Infection in Dairy Cattle and Buffaloes Suffering from Chronic Diarrhea

The study was aimed at dairy cattle and buffaloes presented with the history of chronic diarrhea to isolate and detect Salmonella spp. Fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum of diarrheic cattle. Isolation and identification of the microorganisms was performed and confirmed on the basis of their morphology, staining, cultural, biochemical tests and sero-typing. Salmonella positive animals presented variable degree and frequency of diarrhea. Salmonellosis was confirmed in seven per cent of cattle and buffaloes suffering from chronic diarrhea. The serotype detected in the 7 Salmonella strains was Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Reading. Salmonella isolates recovered from dairy cattle had relatively variable resistance to various antimicrobial agents. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates showed isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, tetracycline, ampicillin, ceftriaxone. Whereas 87.5 percent, 75.0 per cent and 62.5 percent susceptible to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and co-trimoxazole respectively. This study provides updated information on the bio-incidence and susceptibility patterns of Salmonella in dairy animals suffering chronic diarrhea. Isolation and serotyping of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Reading is new to the study and contribute to our understanding that there is shift in increases in susceptibility of dairy herds to acquire new strains.
Monitoring Spatial and Temporal Changes of Urban Growth in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt, by Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques. (Dept. C. ( Public Works ) )

Dakahlia is one of the important agricultural governorates in the Middle of Nile-Delta, Egypt. Fertile agriculture areas in the Nile-Delta of Egypt are constantly deteriorating mainly due to urbanization. Remote sensing and GIS technology have proven their great ability to explore the problems of urbanization and their impacts on agricultural lands. The main objectives of this study were to provide an accurate assessment of urban areas in Dakahlia Governorate and to study the impact of urbanization on agricultural lands during the period from 1984 to 2014. Accordingly, Landsat TM images in 1984 and ETM+ in 2002 and 2011 and OLI-TIRS in 2014 were used to study spatial and temporal changes in both urban and agricultural lands in Dakahlia Governorate. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), Normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) and soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) were used to extract urban versus agricultural lands from these multitemporal Landsat images. The results indicated that the annual increase in urban lands was about 2.54 km 2 per year during the period from 1984 to 2002 and about 4.01 km 2 per year during the period from 2002 to 2011. However, the rate was highly increased by about 47.99 km 2 per year during the period from 2011and 2014. It was also observed that the increase in urban areas was clustered around old cities and villages before 2011; however it took a random pattern after 2011. Accuracy assessment of the studied indices indicated that the NDBI C: 2 Elnaggar, A. A. , Azeez, A. A. and Mowafy, M. has the highest accuracy. It could be concluded that urban encroachment over the fertile agricultural lands is the most serious process that result in fertile land degradation in Dakahlia Governorate.
Transcriptomic biomarkers for predicting response to neoadjuvant treatment in oesophageal cancer

Abstract Oesophageal cancer is a devastating disease with poor outcomes and is the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. In the setting of resectable disease, there is clear evidence that neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy result in improved survival. Disappointingly, only 15%–30% of patients obtain a histopathological response to neoadjuvant therapy, often at the expense of significant toxicity. There are no predictive biomarkers in routine clinical use in this setting and the ability to stratify patients for treatment could dramatically improve outcomes. In this review, we aim to outline current progress in evaluating predictive transcriptomic biomarkers for neoadjuvant therapy in oesophageal cancer and discuss the challenges facing biomarker development in this setting. We place these issues in the wider context of recommendations for biomarker development and reporting. The majority of studies focus on messenger RNA (mRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers. These studies report a range of different genes involved in a wide variety of pathways and biological processes, and this is explained to a large extent by the different platforms and analysis methods used. Many studies are also vastly underpowered so are not suitable for identifying a candidate biomarker. Multiple molecular subtypes of oesophageal cancer have been proposed, although little is known about how these relate to clinical outcomes. We anticipate that the accumulating wealth of genomic and transcriptomic data and clinical trial collaborations in the coming years will provide unique opportunities to stratify patients in this poor-prognosis disease and recommend that future biomarker development incorporates well-designed retrospective and prospective analyses.
Quantifying Near‐Surface Rock Strength on a Regional Scale From Hillslope Stability Models

Rock strength is a fundamental property of earth materials that influences the morphology of landscapes and modulates feedbacks between surface processes, tectonics, and climate. However, rock strength remains challenging to quantify over the broad spatial scales necessary for geomorphic investigations. Consequently, the factors that control rock strength in the near‐surface environment (i.e., the critical zone) remain poorly understood. Here we quantify near‐surface rock strength on a regional scale by exploiting two hillslope‐stability models, which explicitly relate the balance of forces within a hillslope to Mohr‐Coulomb strength parameters. We first use the Culmann finite‐slope stability model to back‐calculate static rock strength with high‐density measurements of ridge‐to‐channel hillslope height and gradient. Second, we invert the Newmark infinite‐slope stability model for strength using an earthquake peak ground acceleration model and coseismic landslide inventory. We apply these two model approaches to a recently inverted sedimentary basin in the eastern Topatopa Mountains of southern California, USA, where a tectonic gradient has exposed stratigraphic units with variable burial histories. Results show similar trends in strength with respect to stratigraphic position and have comparable strength estimates to the lowest values of published direct‐shear test data. Cohesion estimates are low, with Culmann results ranging from 3 to 60 kPa and Newmark results from 6 to 30 kPa, while friction angle estimates range from 24° to 44° from the Culmann model. We find that maximum burial depth exerts the strongest control on the strength of these young sedimentary rocks, likely through diagenetic changes in porosity, cementation, and ultimately, lithification.
Expression of CK8 and CK17, Specific Epithelial Markers, by Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines

Objectives Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is among the most common cancers worldwide. This study aimed to assess the expression of CK8 and CK17 by OSCC cell lines in Iranian patients.Methods This observational study was conducted on three OSCC cell lines with a minimum of 45 passages. Cells isolated from three patients with OSCC were cultured and passaged. Expression of CK8 and CK17 epithelial markers was assessed using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Data were presented qualitatively.Results The results confirmed the expression of CK8 and CK17 mRNA in three groups. Expression of these markers was different in the three specimens based on their degree of malignancy.Conclusion Since CK8 and CK17 were expressed in different superficial and basal layers in the three specimens, epithelial origin of these cells was confirmed. This study can pave the way for further cancer research and designing new treatments.
EFFECT OF SPANDEX DENIER OF WEFT CORE SPUN YARN ON PROPERTIES OF FINISHED STRETCH WOVEN FABRIC

The woven fabrics containing cotton/spandex core spun yarns possesses very vital properties of stretch, recovery and thus shape retention from the view point of wearing comfort and garment appearance. Spandex present in the core of core spun yarn is the most essential performer behind these properties. An attempt is made in this research work to study the influence of changing spandex denier in core spun yarn on the stretch and functional properties of stretch woven fabrics. The sole objective of this study is to find out whether different stretch, shrinkage and physical properties of stretch woven fabrics depend upon changing spandex percentage achieved by means of change in spandex filament denier. It was observed that by increasing denier of spandex in core spun weft yarns the increase in weft shrinkage diminishes. Dual core weft with spandex provides good elongation percentage and recovery percentage. The fabric with higher denier spandex in yarn shows a decreasing total hand values trend for summer and winter. The results depicts that the fabrics have higher THV for winter suiting fabrics as compared to summer suiting thus are more suitable for the winter wear.
Pineapple quality in a traditional cultivation system in different soil classes

Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merril) is considered one of the most important fruits of the tropical and subtropical regions, and the third most-produced in the world due to its high commercial expansion in the world market, in recent years. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the influence of landscape position on pineapple quality. The work was developed at the Providência Farm, located in the municipality of Miracema do Tocantins. The following soil parameters were evaluated: hydraulic conductivity KS, soil bulk density – DS, and total porosity – TP, as well as the following quality attributes: titratable acidity TA, length and diameter of infructescences, total fresh mass TM, fresh mass of infructescences – IM, and soluble solids – SS. The analyses were performed at the Agri-Environmental Laboratory of the Agricultural Sciences Complex of the Federal University of Tocantins. Less massive infructescences developed on more porous soils. The variation in the mass of infructescences is not associated with soil types, but rather with soil porosity. Soils with higher KS tend to increase the chances of producing infructescences with high acidity and high levels of soluble solids. The DS did not result in a significant association with the pineapple quality attributes. The infructescences were not affected by the landscape position. No position in the landscape influenced fruit quality. In general, the infructescences showed low acidity and low levels of soluble solids, with length and diameter of infructescences below the standard of the cultivar ‘Pérola’.