Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Testing the validity of national drug surveys: comparison between a general population cohort and household surveys

ABSTRACT Background and Aims There are concerns that national population‐based estimates of illicit drug use are underestimated. We investigated this by comparing estimates of illicit substance use at age 24 from the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) with a birth cohort (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, ALSPAC) and by comparing the Smoking and Alcohol Toolkit Studies (STS/ATS) to ALSPAC. Design Cross‐sectional household survey and cross‐sectional data from one wave of a longitudinal birth cohort. Setting England and Wales. Participants Young adults aged 23–25 reporting on substance use in 2017 to CSEW (n = 1165), ALSPAC (n = 3389) and STS/ATS (n = 950). Measurements Lifetime and past‐year illicit drug use, smoking status and hazardous drinking at age 24. Findings The 2017 CSEW estimate of lifetime illicit drug use was 40.6%, compared with 62.8% in ALSPAC (risk difference % [RD%] = 22.2%; 95% CI = 18.9–25.5%; P ≤ 0.001). The RD in lifetime use between ALSPAC and the CSEW was 23.2% (95% CI = 20.0–26.4%) for cannabis, 16.9% (95% CI = 14.4–19.4%) for powder cocaine and 24.8% (95% CI = 22.6–27.0%) for amphetamine. Past‐year drug use was 16.4% in CSEW, compared with 36.7% in ALSPAC (RD% = 20.3%; 95% CI = 17.6–23.0%; P ≤ 0.001). For past‐year substance use, the RD between ALSPAC and the CSEW was 15.4% (95% CI = 12.9–17.9%) for cannabis, 14.8% (95% CI = 13.0%–16.6%) for powder cocaine and 15.9% (95% CI = 14.5–17.4%) for amphetamine. Levels of current smoking were similar between STS (27.4%) and ALSPAC (29.4%). Hazardous drinking was substantially higher in ALSPAC (60.3%) than the ATS (32.1%; RD% = 28.2%; 95% CI = 24.8–31.6%; P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children provides one source of validation for measurements of drug use in government household surveys and indicates that illicit drug use may be underestimated in the Crime Survey for England and Wales.
An IoT Based Obstacle Avoidance Robot Using Ultrasonic Sensor and Arduino

With the advance of technology in term of speed and modularity, the automation of robotic system comes into reality. In this paper an obstacle detection robot system explained for different purposes and applications. The ultra sonicrandrinfraredrsensors are actualized to distinguish obstacles on the robot’s way by imparting signsrtoranrinterfacedrmicrocontroller. The miniature regulator diverts therrobotrtormovera substitute way by inciting the motors in request to keep away from the distinguished obstacle. The exhibition assessment of the framework shows an exactness of 85 percentage and 0.15 likelihood of disappointment individually. Taking everything into account, an obstacle discovery circuit was effectively actualized utilizing the infrared and ultrasonic sensors that were mounted on the panel.
The distribution of impurities in the interfaces and window layers of thin-film solar cells

We report a systematic multielement study of impurities in CdS window layers by dynamic and quantitative secondary-ion-mass spectrometry (SIMS) with high depth resolution. The study was carried out on CdTe∕CdS solar cell structures, with the glass substrate removed. The analysis proceeded from the transparent conductive oxide free surface to the CdTe absorbing layer with a view to examining the influence of the CdCl2 heat treatment on the distribution and concentration of impurities in the structures. Special attention was paid to the impurities present in the CdS window layer that may be electrically active, and therefore affect the characteristics of the CdTe∕CdS device. It was shown that Cl, Na, and Sb impurities had higher concentrations in CdS following cadmium chloride (CdCl2) heat treatment while Pb, O, Sn, and Cu conserved the same concentration. Furthermore, Zn, Si, and In showed slightly lower concentrations on CdCl2 treatment. Possible explanations of these changes are discussed and the results.
Plagiarism and Academic Integrity

Issues of misconduct in educational institutions are never come to an end but keep intensifying and turn out to be more serious especially among students in a tertiary level institution. This paper discussed the reality of unethical act in educational institutions that often be seen and sometime making the circumstances as nothing happened. Several factors and consequences of plagiarism were considered while efficient approaches to cope with the issues are justified.
Heterogeneous User-Centric Cluster Migration Improves the Connectivity-Handover Trade-Off in Vehicular Networks

User-centric (UC) clustering has recently emerged as a promising paradigm for enhancing the connectivity of mobile users by grouping an appropriate number of access points (APs), thus paving the way for seamlessly connected vehicular networks. However, for a high-velocity vehicular user, UC clustering may lead to overly frequent handovers (HOs), which increases the risk of throughput-reduction, call dropping and energy wastage. To mitigate this problem, we aim for reducing the HO overhead imposed on the heterogeneous UC (HUC) cluster migration process of vehicular networks. Specifically, we first conceive a novel hybrid HUC cluster migration strategy that adaptively switches between horizontal and vertical HOs for supporting both vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication. Then, a dynamic decision-making problem is formulated for balancing the benefits of HUC cluster migration and the total HO overhead, subject to realistic HUC clustering constraints. In the face of unknown vehicular mobility, we propose a sequential HUC cluster migration solution based on max-bipartite matching theory imposing a low complexity. As a design alternative, we also propose a holistic solution relying on model-free deep reinforcement learning (DRL). Finally, our numerical results reveal the superiority of the proposed cluster migration design in terms of striking a compelling trade-off between the per-user average data rate (PAR) and the number of HOs in different scenarios.
Failure and Stabilization Mechanisms of Graphite Electrodes

The aim of this work was to study failure and stabilization mechanisms of Li−graphite electrodes. As model electrolyte systems, tetrahydrofuran (THF), propylene carbonate (PC), THF containing water contamination, and THF/PC solutions were used. A variety of electrode behavior can be observed in these solutions including reversible intercalation at high capacity, cyclability with deteriorating capacity, and in cases of dry THF and PC solutions, disability of Li intercalation. Chronopotentiometry, chronoamperometry, cyclic voltammetry impedance spectroscopy, electron microscopy, in situ and ex situ XRD, and surface sensitive FTIR spectroscopy were used in order to understand the reasons for the stability or failure of Li−graphite intercalation anodes. In PC and dry THF, massive solvent reduction occurs with a relatively low degree of electrode passivation. These processes change the electrode's morphology and electrically isolate carbon particles. At low concentration of water (>40 ppm) and PC (optimum 1 M).
Learned mappings for targeted free energy perturbation between peptide conformations.

Targeted free energy perturbation uses an invertible mapping to promote configuration space overlap and the convergence of free energy estimates. However, developing suitable mappings can be challenging. Wirnsberger et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 153, 144112 (2020)] demonstrated the use of machine learning to train deep neural networks that map between Boltzmann distributions for different thermodynamic states. Here, we adapt their approach to the free energy differences of a flexible bonded molecule, deca-alanine, with harmonic biases and different spring centers. When the neural network is trained until "early stopping"-when the loss value of the test set increases-we calculate accurate free energy differences between thermodynamic states with spring centers separated by 1 Å and sometimes 2 Å. For more distant thermodynamic states, the mapping does not produce structures representative of the target state, and the method does not reproduce reference calculations.
Numerical Simulation of Joining Ropes by Sewing Stitches

Braided structures are widely used in numerous contexts including everyday practice. In most cases, rope ends are knotted to form various types of loops or tie them to rigid body parts; however, knots take up space that may not be available in some application scenarios, thus making them unsuitable for certain purposes. Hence, this paper introduces first development steps of a method for the numerical simulation of rope ends connected by sewing stitches.
Surface sculpturing in the skull of gecko lizards (Squamata: Gekkota)

It has previously been stated that geckos are characterized by smooth cranial bones bearing no sculpturing; however, there are many exceptions. Here we systematically characterize variation in sculpturing in cranial bones across all seven gekkotan families and examine patterns of evolutionary transitions in these traits on a multigene molecular gekkotan phylogeny to elucidate trends in phenotypic diversification in bone sculpturing. Over 195 species were reviewed using specimens where smooth, grooved, pitted and rugose sculpturing patterns were found. Of the 26 cranial bones, only seven (premaxilla, maxilla, nasal, prefrontal, frontal, parietal and postorbitofrontal) were found to bear sculpturing across more than three species. Sculpturing was found to extend beyond these seven bones onto either the dentary, surangular and/or quadrate within five species. Phylogenetic analysis showed that sculpturing evolved recently and repeatedly in several distinct lineages. The remaining 19 skull bones were smooth, except in the five species above, supporting the suggestion that smooth skull bones were ancestral in gekkotans. There is no apparent relationship between body size and the presence of bone sculpturing. The functional significance, if any, of sculpturing requires further investigation.
Surgical Robot for Intraluminal Access: An Ex Vivo Feasibility Study

Early-stage gastrointestinal cancer is often treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) using a flexible endoscope. Compared with conventional percutaneous surgery, ESD is much less invasive and provides a high quality of life for the patient because it does not require a skin incision, and the organ is preserved. However, the operator must be highly skilled because ESD requires using a flexible endoscope with energy devices, which have limited degrees of freedom. To facilitate easier manipulation of these flexible devices, we developed a surgical robot comprising a flexible endoscope and two articulating instruments. The robotic system is based on a conventional flexible endoscope, and an extrapolated motor unit moves the endoscope in all its degrees of freedom. The instruments are thin enough to allow insertion of two instruments into the endoscope channel, and each instrument has a bending section that allows for up–down, right–left, and forward–backward motion. In this study, we performed an ex vivo feasibility evaluation using the proposed robotic system for ESD in a porcine stomach. The procedure was successfully performed by five novice operators without complications. Our findings demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed robotic system and, furthermore, suggest that even operators with limited experience can use this system to perform ESD.
Fundamental Analysis Via Machine Learning

We examine the efficacy of machine learning in one of the most important tasks in fundamental analysis, forecasting corporate earnings. We find that machine learning models, especially those accommodating nonlinearities, generate significantly more accurate and informative forecasts than a host of state-of-the-art earnings prediction models in the extant literature. Further analysis suggests that machine learning models uncover economically sensible relationships between historical financial information and future earnings, and the new information uncovered by machine learning models is of considerable economic significance. The new information component is significantly associated with both future stock returns and analyst forecast errors, with stocks in the quintiles with the most favorable new information outperforming those in the least favorable quintiles by approximately 70 bps per month. The overall results suggest that limiting to linear relationships and aggregated accounting numbers substantially understates the decision usefulness of financial statement information to investors.
The effects of Olibanum on oxidative stress indicators, cytokines, brain derived neurotrophic factor and memory in lipopolysaccharide challenged rats

Abstract The Olibanum the resin of Boswellia serrata is assumed that attenuates the generation of pro-inflammatory and oxidant agents, reinforces the anti-inflammatory cytokines and anti-oxidant agents to improve memory impairment induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The rats were treated as: (1) saline, (2) LPS, (3 and 4) Olibanum 100 or 200 mg/kg plus LPS. In the Morris water maze (MWM), LPS increased the duration and the distance traveled to find the platform while decreased the time spent and the distance traveled in the target quadrant. Moreover, LPS decreased the step-through latency to enter the dark in passive avoidance (PA). Pretreatment with Olibanum enhanced the performances of the rats in MWM and PA tests. LPS also increased IL-6, TNF-α, NO, GFAP, and MDA levels while decreased IL-10, BDNF, CAT, SOD, and thiol. Olibanum reversed the effects of LPS. Olibanum showed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It could improve memory impairment induced by LPS.
Investors’ Information Avoidance Behavior in Securities-Based Crowdfunding

We conduct two experiments in the securities-based crowdfunding setting to investigate whether some investors avoid accounting information for psychological reasons and the consequences for investment decisions. We find in our first experiment that nonprofessional investors sometimes choose not to acquire a potential investment’s financial statements to avoid the psychological discomfort they expect from evaluating financial information. Further, despite this lack of due diligence in the high-risk crowdfunding environment, we find that the investors who avoid (versus acquire) a company’s financial statements are more willing to invest in its offering. Our second experiment demonstrates investors randomly assigned to not having (versus having) the same financial statements continue to be more willing to invest, suggesting even investors who would choose to avoid financial statements would use them if crowdfunding companies were required to display them prominently. Together, the findings indicate investors who anticipate discomfort from evaluating financial information disadvantage themselves by choosing not to acquire information they would integrate into their decisions. Our results provide one behavioral explanation for investors’ documented underuse of accounting information.
Characterization of Dielectric Relaxation Process by Impedance Spectroscopy for Polymers: Nitrile Butadiene Rubber and Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer

We invented a dispersion analysis program that analyzes the relaxation processes from dielectric permittivity based on a combination of the Havriliak–Negami and conductivity contribution functions. By applying the created program to polymers such as nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), several relaxation processes were characterized: an α process due to segmental motions of the C-C bond, an α′ process attributed to fluctuations in the end-to-end dipole vector of the polymer chain, the conduction contribution by the filler observed above room temperature, and secondary relaxation processes β and γ of motion for the side group in NBR. In the EPDM specimen, the β process associated with the rotational motion of the side groups, the α process associated with the relaxation of local segmental motion, and the αβ process associated with the origin of the β process at high temperatures above 305 K were observed. The Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars effect and conduction contribution were also presented. The molecular chains responsible for the relaxation processes were assigned by building molecular models of the two polymers. The temperature dependence of the relaxation strength and the shape parameters that characterize the process were investigated. From the temperature-dependent relaxation analysis, the merged αβ process, activation energy, and glass transition temperature were determined and compared.
Antioxidant Activity of Kiwi Fruit (Actindia Chinensis)

Actinidia chinensis (kiwi fruit), also known as golden fruit, has its origin in China. All the plant parts of Actinidia chinensis such as fruit, leaves, vine, and root were used in food products and also used as medicine in China. The Worldwide distribution of the kiwi (Actinidia chinensis) is due to its Nutritional property, economic value and the presence of the various phytoconstituents such as terpenoids, quinones, lavones, phenyl proteinoids and steroids. It is also rich in antioxidant and dietary ibres which are utilized for the production of cellulose and hemicellulose. The Nutritional composition of the Kiwi fruit has distinguishing amount of vitamin C and also several other compounds such asMinerals, Vitamin E and Carotenoids and these are used to protect DNA. It has a high amount of medicinal and Nutritional value and also provides various health bene its. In traditional medicine of China, Kiwi fruit is also used in the treatment of Edema, Pyorrhea, gingivitis, Hepatitis, maintenance of blood glucose level, asthma, ight against muscular degenerative diseases and reduces the risk of blood clots and also used in Cancer treatment. Recently researchers have updated that Kiwi fruit has bene icial Physiological effect on the humanbody through clinical studies. It has beenproven that Kiwi has Anti-Oxidant property and relieves Oxidative stress which was the Major cause of Diseases. This article is an overview of kiwi fruit, its nutritional bene its and its antioxidant effect.
Investigation of Algorithms for Generating Surfaces of 3D Models Based on an Unstructured Point Cloud

Methods of 3D object model creation on the basis of unstructured (sparse) cloud of points are considered in the paper. The issues of combining point cloud compaction methods and subsequent surface generation are described. The comparative analysis of generation surfaces algorithms for the purpose of revealing of more effective method using as input data the depth maps received from the sparse cloud of points is carried out. The comparison is made by qualitative, quantitative and temporal criteria. The optimal method of 3D object model creation on the basis of unstructured (sparse) cloud of points and depth map data is chosen. The mathematical description of the point cloud compaction method on the basis of stereo-matching with application of two-phase algorithm of species search and depth map extraction from Multi-View Stereo for Community Photo Collections source image set is provided. The implementation of the method in open-source software Regard3D is realized in practice.
Toungāue cooperative pedagogy for Tongan tertiary students’ success

Cooperative Pedagogy specific to Tongans can enhance students’ academic success in New Zealand’s tertiary education. Tongan students’ success depends on teachers’ recognition and understanding of Tongan students’ sociocultural context which involves their pule‘anga (bureaucracy), famili/kāinga (family), siasi (church) and fonua (country) relationships. Tongan students should not be treated within the Pacific groupings because ‘Pacific’ is a term of convenience for peoples who originate from different countries in the Pacific region whose cultures are uniquely different from one another. The term ‘Pacific’ tends to make these students live in the shadow of being treated as if they have the same needs in the classroom. The culturally specific needs of Pacific students are obscured by the assumption that they are homogenous. Academics and educational authorities in New Zealand need to recognise the importance of Pacific students’ culturally specific needs in their educational environments to move towards solving the problems of underachievement. This article explores the use of a culturally specific Tongan Toungāue Cooperative Pedagogy for teaching Tongan students in New Zealand tertiary education. Toungāue Cooperative Pedagogy is rooted in Tongan students’ sociocultural context which is at the heart of the Tongan society. More importantly, this proposed Toungāue Cooperative Pedagogy is transferable and could also be beneficial to other Pacific and Indigenous cultures.
Detection of Land Cover Changes before and after the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake in Japan Using Remote Sensing for Evaluation of Environmental Impacts

The land cover changes before and after the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake in Japan are detected using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) calculated from satellite Sentinel-2A/2B images, and the methods and contents are described in this paper. The land cover change areas matched well with Google Map (aerial photographs), a high resolution latest map. In addition, the some areas where land cover changes spread over time were investigated by ground truths, and we have found that their cause is restoration works. To evaluate environmental impacts, we investigated the populations of the trapdoor spiders Heptathela higoensis in three study sites in the Aso area and Ozu Town in Kumamoto Prefecture. It is thought that the soil animal such as this spider receives the influence of the land cover changes directly. It is suggested that the changes of the spider populations can become an index to grasp the environmental changes before and after the earthquake quantitatively. The locations of the restoration works will not return to areas with high groundwater recharge capacity such as grasslands. If such restoration works spread, the people lived in the Aso and Kumamoto areas in Kumamoto Prefecture that rely on groundwater will have a serious problem in the future.