Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Capturing the complexity of gamification elements: a holistic approach for analysing existing and deriving novel gamification designs

ABSTRACT Gamification is a well-known approach that refers to the use of elements to increase the motivation of information systems users. A remaining challenge in gamification is that no shared understanding of the meaning and classification of gamification elements currently exists. This impedes guidance concerning analysis and development of gamification concepts, and often results in non-effective gamification designs. The goal of our research is to consolidate current gamification research and rigorously develop a taxonomy, as well as to demonstrate how a systematic classification of gamification elements can provide guidance for the gamification of information systems and improve understanding of existing gamification concepts. To achieve our goal, we develop a taxonomic classification of gamification elements before evaluating this taxonomy using expert interviews. Furthermore, we provide evidence as to the taxonomy’s feasibility using two practical cases: First, we show how our taxonomy helps to analyse existing gamification concepts; second, we show how our taxonomy can be used for guiding the gamification of information systems. We enrich theory by introducing a novel taxonomy to better explain the characteristics of gamification elements, which will be valuable for both gamification analysis and design. This paper will help guide practitioners to select and combine gamification elements for their gamification concepts.
Compressibility determination by electrical resistance measurement: a universal method for both crystalline and amorphous solids

A new method is introduced for investigating the compressibility of solids under high pressure by in situ electrical resistance measurement of a manganin wire, which is wrapped around the sample. This method does not rely on the lattice parameters measurement, and the continuous volume change of the sample versus pressure can be obtained. Therefore, it is convenient to look at the compressibility of solids, especially for the X-ray diffraction amorphous materials. The I–II and II–III phase transition of Bi accompanying with volume change of 4.5% and 3.5% has been detected using the method, respectively, while the volume change for the phase transition of Tl occurring at 3.67 GPa is determined as 0.5%. The fit of the third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state to our data yields a zero-pressure bulk modulus K 0=28.98±0.03 GPa for NaCl and 6.97±0.02 GPa for amorphous red phosphorus.
Different Roles of the Five Alcohol Acyltransferases in Peach Fruit Aroma Development

Peach (Prunus persica) fruit emit more than 100 volatile organic compounds. Among these volatiles, γ-decalactone is the key compound that contributes to peach aroma. The final step in lactones biosynthesis is catalyzed by alcohol acyltransferases (AATs). In this study, five AAT genes were isolated in the peach genome, and the ways that these genes contribute toward the peach aroma were studied. The sequence analysis of the five AATs showed PpAAT4 and PpAAT5 are truncated genes, missing important residues such as HXXXD. The expressions of PpAATs were investigated to identify the roles in creating the peach aroma. The results indicated that only PpAAT1 is highly expressed during γ-decalactone formation. A functional survey of the five PpAATs, using the oleaginous yeast expression system, suggested that only PpAAT1 significantly increased the γ-decalactone content, whereas the other four PpAATs did not significantly alter the γ-decalactone content. Enzyme assays on PpAATs heterologously expressed and purified from Escherichia coli indicated that only PpAAT1 could catalyze the formation of γ-decalactone. All results indicated that PpAAT1 is a more efficient enzyme than the other four PpAATs during the γ-decalactone biosynthesis process in peach fruit. The results from this study should help improve peach fruit aroma.
Collection and Purification of Parasporal Crystals from Bacillus thuringiensis by Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction

Aqueous two-phase extraction was used for efficient separation of biological particles with similar size, density, or other physical properties. The partitioning behavior of spores and parasporal crystals of Bacillus thuringiensi were studied in two types of aqueous two-phase systems: polymer/salt systems and polymer/polymer systems. The spores and crystals showed strong tendency towards the top polyethylene glycol (PEG)-rich phase and interface in PEG/salt systems, and were hardly influenced by several factors, such as concentration of PEG and salt, phase separation time, and phase ratio. Using the appropriate system (PEG 6000 2%/(NH4)2SO4 16%), collection of both spores and crystals directly from fermentation broth was carried out with a yield of 96% crystals on lab-scale. Separation of crystals from spores could be achieved using the polymer/polymer systems. It was found that phase-forming polymers, pH, and phase separation time showed significant influence on the partition of spores, and the optimum conditions were chosen as PEG 6000 6%/DEX60 7.5% system, pH 10.0, and 1.5∼2.0 hr for the separation of crystals from spores. The yield of crystals was 83%, and more than 90% of spores could be removed after four cycles of extractions of the bottom phase with fresh top PEG-rich phase. Finally, a process scheme was developed that included an initial extraction of both spores and crystals using PEG/salt system and integrated with subsequent removal of spores by extraction in PEG/dextran system. The feasibility of the integrated separation process was verified by lab-scale application. The total yield of crystals could reach 81.4%, and more than 90% of spores could be removed.
Nanostructural and mechanical properties of nanocomposite nc-TiC/a-C:H films deposited by reactive unbalanced magnetron sputtering

Thin films of nc-TiC/a-C:H nanocomposite have been deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering at substrate bias values of −240 and −91 V. The grain size and grain separation, which together define the nanostructure, are correlated to the amount of the amorphous phase. From the size of the TiC grains measured by x-ray diffraction and the amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) phase content determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the mean grain separation is estimated using a simple model for the nanostructure. Films deposited at −240 V show a hardness enhancement for a-C:H phase contents in the range 10% to 30% with TiC grain sizes around 5 nm. The mean grain separation for such films was estimated to be 0.3 nm. Films with higher a-C:H phase contents still have 5 nm small grains, but their mean grain separation is larger than 0.5 nm; their hardness is thus determined by the properties of the amorphous matrix. A less pronounced hardness enhancement is observed for films deposited at −91 V. They have .
Zero norm based analysis model for image smoothing and reconstruction

The sparsity-based approaches have demonstrated promising performance in image processing. In this paper, for better preservation of the salient edge structures of images, we propose an ℓ 0 + ℓ 2-norm based analysis model， which requires solving a challenging non-separable ℓ 0-norm related minimization problem, and we also propose an inexact augmented Lagrangian method with proven convergence to a local minimum. Extensive experiments in image smoothing, including texture removal and context smoothing, show that our method achieves better visual results over various sparsity-based models and the CNN method. Also, experiments on sparse view CT reconstruction further validate the advantage of the proposed method.
The Protective Role of Character Strengths in COVID-19 Stress and Well-Being in Individuals With Chronic Conditions and Disabilities: An Exploratory Study

Individuals with chronic conditions and disabilities, in response to stress associated with COVID-19, may experience a decrease in their overall well-being beyond that experienced by otherwise healthy individuals. Therefore, it is imperative to identify internal resources (e.g., character strengths) that can help them better manage COVID-19-related stress and enhance well-being in spite of COVID-19. This study explored the potential protective role of character strengths and virtues in moderating the negative effects of COVID-19 on stress and well-being. A cross-sectional study design was implemented. Participants included 269 individuals with self-reported chronic conditions and disabilities. After controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics, we examined whether character strengths and virtues acted as independent moderators between COVID-19-related stress and well-being. A higher degree of multiple character strengths significantly and independently moderated the relationship between COVID-19-related stress and well-being. Findings suggested the importance of promoting more character strengths overall in people with chronic conditions and disabilities to help them better manage COVID-19-related stress and enhance well-being.
Leaching of Pure Chalcocite with Reject Brine and MnO2 from Manganese Nodules

Chalcocite (Cu2S) has the fastest kinetics of dissolution of Cu in chlorinated media of all copper sulfide minerals. Chalcocite has been identified as having economic interest due to its abundance, although the water necessary for its dissolution is scarce in many regions. In this work, the replacement of fresh water by sea water or by reject brine with high chloride content from desalination plants is analyzed. Additionally, the effect of adding MnO2 from available manganese nodules in vast quantities at the bottom of the sea is studied. Reject brine shows better results than sea water, and the addition of MnO2 to the brine significantly increases the kinetics of chalcocite dissolution in a short time. H2SO4 concentration is found to be irrelevant when working at high concentrations of chloride and MnO2. The best results, 71% Cu extractions in 48 h, are obtained for reject brine, 100 mg of MnO2 per 200 g of mineral and H2SO4 0.5 mol/L. The results are expected to contribute to a sustainable process of dissolution of chalcocite by using the reject brine from desalination plants.
Twelve tips on how to motivate healthcare professions students and their supervisors for Interprofessional Education

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Special efforts in rotations are necessary to have students from different professions learn with, from and about each other to improve their collaboration and the quality of care. The twelve tips derived from the lived experiences and research from the authors, are intended to stimulate motivation for interprofessional education in students and their supervisors. Internalization of the value students place on interprofessional learning will improve their readiness for future interprofessional collaboration. While creating an autonomy-supportive learning environment, supervisors are capable of both scaffolding the learning of students from all professions, and learning themselves from these authentic situations. The authors promote a central place for the clinical reasoning of each profession in both the profession specific skills as well as in the communication, collaboration and team skills, thus enhancing the ‘T shaped-professional’ ( Visser, 2018).
Processing Polymer Melts under Rheo-Fluidification Flow Conditions, Part 2: Simple Flow Simulations

The flow equations for melts submitted to conditions of Rheo-Fluidification processing described in Part 1 are determined and solved numerically. The pressure flow from an extruder feed end and drag flow from the modulated rotation of the rotor, i.e., under extrusion conditions with both cross-rotational and oscillatory flow, are combined. The value of pressure, shear stress, and viscosity along the flow path of the melt (a helicoidal motion around a divergent conic surface), for a given throughput and temperature, as the melt is moved through an annular gap of constant thickness are calculated. The simulation is restricted to the simpler case of low throughput where elongational flow can be assumed to be negligible and shear dominates the viscosity expression. The classic lubrication approximation hypothesis applied to a power law fluid is used. This assumption appears justified because of the geometry of the die, which consists of a thin annulus of 2 mm extended over a die length of 570 mm (see Part 1). The viscosity is expressed as a function of strain rate, which is calculated from the contribution of pressure flow, rotational flow, and superposed oscillation. The combined shear rate is calculated assuming a vectorial combination of the individual shear rates, following Cogswell who verified this hypothesis, and according to our own validation of this assumption on the same polymer, using a Couette without vibration.
Welfare Effects of the Production of Indigenous Food Crops in Farming Communities in the Northern Region of Ghana

Aims: Maintaining diverse diets through diversified farming systems presents opportunities for better nutrition and greater health status for peasant families in rural communities around the globe. This study explores the welfare effects of the adoption of indigenous food crops by farming communities in the Northern Region of Ghana. Study Design: The study followed a multi-stage sampling procedure and utilized primary data collected. Methodology: Using a standard treatment effect estimation approach, the study examined the effect of the production of indigenous food crops on household dietary diversity using primary data collected from 405 households in farming communities in Ghana’s Northern Region for the 2016/17 crop season. Results: Descriptive results reveal a mean dietary diversity score of 8.5 for producer households which is significantly different from the score of 6.2 for non-producer households. Also, the results show a high proportion of indigenous crop-producing households in the medium and high dietary diversity scores compared to non-producing households. Empirical results reveal a positive and significant impact of the production of indigenous food crops on household dietary diversity. The study also finds that household head education, non-farm work, livestock ownership, age and number of children have a positive effect on household dietary diversity. Original Research Article Andani; SAJSSE, 8(2): 35-45, 2020; Article no.SAJSSE. 61640 36 Conclusion: The study concludes that the production of indigenous food crops promotes the consumption of diverse foods among farm families and recommends that policies aimed at diverse food consumption and improved nutrition security among rural farming communities should consider promoting increased production of indigenous food crops.
Optimal Design for a Portable NMR- and MRI-Based Multiphase Flow Meter

In this paper, an optimal design for nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging based multiphase flow meter is presented. The overall apparatus consists of an electromagnetic coil surrounded by 12 rings of Halbach arrays of 12 magnets each. Both the coil and the magnets arrays were simultaneously and optimally designed using a three-dimensional (3-D) finite-element method (FEM) package and particle swarm optimization algorithm. The aim of the design is to uniformly prepolarize the hydrogen spins of the atoms composing the flowing fluid, with a predefined static magnetic field, before they enter into the measurement area within which they are homogenously polarized with a perpendicular ac magnetic field. Cheap and lightweight hardware are the other two design parameters of the design. Results of extensive 3-D simulations of the design indicate that an optimized and homogenous static magnetic field distribution could be achieved within an area of 40 mm diameter and 606 mm length. In addition, using a multiturn coil of 6 cm diameter and 2000 turns, an ac magnetic field of 13 mT amplitude and 112 ppm homogeneity could be achieved, which is enough to handle fluids flowing at speed of up to 2 m/s. Experimental validation, which was done using newly constructed two Halbach arrays of cuboid and trapezoid magnet elements, respectively, indicates a good match with FEM simulations.
Large herbivores regulate the spatial recruitment of a hyperdominant Neotropical palm

Large mammalian herbivores play an important role in shaping the diversity of tropical forests by affecting the survival of seedlings and saplings beneath parent plants. The white‐lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) accounts for the largest herbivore biomass that controls seed and seedling survival in Neotropical ecosystems. However, hunting and habitat loss has driven peccaries to local extinction for most of their original distribution, so it is likely that their absence will affect plant recruitment dynamics. We tested the effects of peccary local extinction on the density and spatial distribution of the hyperdominant palm Euterpe edulis by performing a fine‐scale characterization of its spatial recruitment in six forest sites in the Brazilian Atlantic forest. We compared the age structure and the spatial patterns of seedlings, saplings, and adults as well as the relationship between them. We found that while under the presence of peccaries there was a decrease in recruitment rates under adults, the local extinction of these large mammals led to a more clumped process of spatial recruitment. Despite such contrasting spatial patterns of recruitment dynamics, neither age structure nor the random spatial distribution of adults was affected by the presence or absence of peccaries, indicating that their early effects on these palm populations are mitigated as recruitment advances. Our findings highlight the role of large‐bodied forest‐dwelling herbivores in regulating the fine‐scale spatial recruitment of plants and advance our understanding on the effects of defaunation in tropical forests.
INJURY PROFILE OF A SOCCER PLAYER TRAINING CENTER: AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY

Objective: To carry out an epidemiological analysis characterizing the type and location of the injury, severity based on recovery time, game position, and injury for hours of exposure. Methods: Data collection was carried out in the sub 15, sub 17, and sub 20 categories and verified records made by the medical team of the club, which was trained to use the F-MARC form (a form of the medical research center of the International Football Federation-FIFA) at the beginning of the season. To perform the data analysis, the GraphPad Prism software was used. All variables were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Results: In relation to the 129 athletes monitored during the season, 62 athletes presented some injury during the season, presenting 42.2 injuries for every 1000 hours of play, the Sub 15 category was the one with the highest incidence of injury, followed by the Sub17 and U20. The average time of leave after injury was 3.65 ± 4.2 weeks, the Defenders were the ones with the highest injury rate. There were 27 articular injuries (43.54%), 25 muscle injuries (40.32%), 9 bone injuries (15.41%), and one pathological injury (1.61%), and the most affected regions were ankle and knee. Conclusion: It is concluded that the moment of the game is the moment when the greatest number of injuries occurs, having a greater incidence in the athletes of the category Sub 15, the Defenders suffered more injuries and the Lower Limbs were more affected, mainly by articular traumas.
‘Let fa’afafine shine like diamonds’: Balancing accommodation, negotiation and resistance in gender-nonconforming Samoans’ counter-hegemony

In the Pacific Island country of Samoa, a gender-nonconforming community known as fa’afafine is said to constitute part of customary tradition and therefore enjoy cultural legitimacy. Yet fa’afafine are also confronted with a binary gender discourse that daily marginalises them within families/communities. This article explores fa’afafine’s gendered positioning in contemporary Samoa and the ways in which they have negotiated it to carve out space for oppositional agency, focusing on the strategies employed by the Samoa Fa’afafine Association. Based on semi-structured interviews with fa’afafine and other gender-nonconforming Samoans, and guided by Pacific methodology of Talanoa, the article examines fa’afafine’s collective pursuits as a case of counter-hegemonic struggle through a Gramscian theoretical lens. If their acts of resistance are covert and incremental, they are effective in aligning Samoa’s powerful cultural institutions with an alternative gender discourse to cultivate social change. The article closes with reflections on possible challenges to this counter-hegemony.
Sentiment Analysis of Tweets using SVM and Maximum Entropy

: Sentiment analysis is a computational learning of masses opinion. Sentiment analysis will classify the text in a sentence or document to find out the opinions expressed in the sentence or document, which can be positive or negative. This scheme discusses the sentiment of someone on Twitter towards public figures. The data used is in the form of tweet data with the keywords "#NEP" or "National Education Policy". Tweets obtained are then processed by doing text preprocessing and then classified using the support vector machine algorithm with maximum entropy. The performance of this algorithm uses and obtained precision of 73.33%, accuracy of 77.47% ,recall of 87.76% and f-measure of 79.66% respectively.
A synoptic climatology of rain-on-snow flooding in Mid-Atlantic region using NCEP/NCAR Re-Analysis

ABSTRACT Rain-on-snow (ROS) flooding is common throughout the Appalachians and Mid-Atlantic region primarily during late winter and spring. Six recent (2007–2013) widespread snowmelt-related flood events throughout Pennsylvania and other Mid-Atlantic states are used to gain an understanding of synoptic-scale atmospheric conditions that generate annual maximum flows for the region. NCEP/NCAR Re-analysis output for six individual case studies and an all-event composite suggest similar synoptic-scale atmospheric conditions lead to widespread ROS flooding. Snow ablation and subsequent flooding are heavily influenced by the low-level (850 mb Low Level Jet) advection of warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean around an area of high pressure off the Atlantic Coast towards low pressure in the mid-continent. An anomalously deep 500mb trough in the mid-continent aids in steering heat and moisture into the study area. The sustained advection of warm, moist air into the region allows for the snowpack to first ripen and then ablate, thus producing widespread ROS flooding throughout the study area. Although regional snowpack ablation combined with liquid precipitation drive ROS flooding, the impact of antecedent soil moisture or frozen ground should not be overlooked. New information presented herein provides flood forecasters identifiable synoptic-scale features that may precede ROS flooding.