Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inactive gap formation: An ERP study on the processing of extraction from adjunct clauses

Filler-gap (movement, extraction, displacement) dependencies are processed actively, i.e., comprehenders anticipatorily commit to an interpretation of the sentence before encountering bottom-up evidence. This suggests that comprehenders make structural commitments to how a sentence will unfold shortly after encountering a filler NP. However, the grammaticality of some filler-gap dependencies may depend on semantic and pragmatic features of the sentence that are not typically considered in studies on filler-gap dependencies. One particular case is extraction from adjunct clauses, in which the filler NP may only grammatically be understood as the object of a non-finite adjunct clause if the main verb is an achievement predicate (e.g., What coffee did you arrive [ drinking ]? Truswell 2011). We present evidence from an EEG study demonstrating that comprehenders do not actively construct filler-gap dependencies in constructions such as these. Instead, they “inactively” build the dependency, only after integrating semantic information about the adjunct clause into the sentence.
Three‐dimensional spatial coordinates of individual plankton determined using underwater hologrammetry

We report the use of a nondestructive metrological technique, hologrammetry, that affords greater scope and higher accuracy for the enumeration, sizing, and spatial distribution of particles. Results are presented on imaging of three living planktonic protists suspended in water using in‐line pulsed‐laser holography. We demonstrate that a volume of 2,400 ml of water, at 750 mm depth, can be analysed with a resolution everywhere better than 20 μm. High quality images and accurate spatial coordinates of living plankton in subvolumes have been obtained.
S-layer, a new support for enzyme immobilization

The immobilization of enzymes has not been reported earlier on the two-dimensional crystalline bacterial cell surface (S-layer). In this study we tested S-layer isolated from Bacillus stearothermophilus PV72 for enzyme (s-glucosidase, hexokinase and aldolase) immobilization. The carbodiimide method gave yields less than 5%. The yields of co-cross-linking method with glutaraldehyde were enhanced compared to the carbodiimide method, but the yield was higher than 10% only in the case of s-glucosidase. Because of the fine structure of S-layer, immobilized enzymes could be removed from reaction mixtures only by centrifugation, therefore these preparations were entrapped in calcium alginate gel. The yields of entrapping procedures were between 15% and 37%. It was presumed that the new immobilized s-glucosidase preparation could be used in a preliminary testing for flavour enrichment of wines. Efficiency of this preparation was compared to that of the immobilized s-glucosidase on Acrylex C-100 support described earlier. We found that the immobilization of s-glucosidase on both Acrylex C-100 support and S-layer followed by gel entrapping resulted in active enzyme preparations that could be used for flavour enrichment of wines without enhancing their protein content.
Estrogen receptor‐β, but not estrogen receptor‐α, is expressed in prolactin neurons of the female rat paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei: Comparison with other neuropeptides

Estrogen receptor‐α (ER‐α) and ER‐β exhibit fine differences in their distributions in the rodent forebrain, and one such difference is observed in the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei. To investigate the functional significance of ER in these brain areas, we examined the neuropeptide characteristics of ER‐expressing neurons in the PVN and SON of female rats by using dual‐label immunocytochemistry. The distributions of ER‐α immunoreactivity (ir) and ER‐β ir were nonoverlapping in the PVN and SON. Nuclear ER‐α ir was found in a population of thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH)‐expressing neurons in the PVN (5.93% ± 1.20% SEM), but not in any other identified cell phenotype of the PVN and SON. The phenotype of neurons with the highest percentage expressing ER‐β was found to be prolactin (PRL) immunoreactive in both the parvocellular (84.95% ± 4.11%) and the magnocellular (84.76% ± 3.40%) parts of the PVN as well as the SON (87.57% ± 4.64%). Similarly, most vasopressin‐immunoreactive neurons were also ER‐β positive in the PVN (66.14% ± 2.47%) and SON (72.42% ± 4.51%). In contrast, although a high percentage of oxytocin (OXY) neurons coexpressed ER‐β in the PVN (84.39% ± 2.99%), there was very little ER‐β/OXY colocalization in the SON. Low levels of corticotropin‐releasing hormone neurons also expressed ER‐β ir in the PVN (12.57% ± 1.99%), but there was no ER‐β colocalization with TRH. In summary, these findings further support the possibility of direct effects of estrogen on neuropeptide expression and implicate estrogen involvement in the regulation of various aspects of neuroendocrine function. J. Comp. Neurol. 484:28–42, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Violation of lockdown norms and peaks in daily number of positive cases to COVID-19 in Italy

Italy has been the first Western Country to suffer a massive outbreak of COVID-19. Starting from the 11 st of March 2020, the Italian Government approved a series of emergency restrictive measures to limit people’s movement and social contacts. The aim of this short paper is to test if the number of norm-violations (related to people’s movement) might contribute to the peaks of new COVID-19 positives after few days. We show that peaks in the violations of the lockdown norms correspond to peaks in new positive cases about 6 days later.
Sampled-Data Modeling for PCM and ZVS Controlled Critical Conduction Mode (CrCM) Active Clamp Flyback (ACF) Converter at Variable Switching Frequency

Critical conduction mode (CrCM) active clamp flyback (ACF) converter is regarded as a good candidate for low power adaptor applications. However, the most adopted control strategy of variable-frequency peak current mode (VF-PCM) and discrete zero voltage switch (ZVS) control makes it difficult to get the accurate small signal model. Therefore, by using sampled-data modeling method, this paper proposes an exact small signal model of CrCM ACF converter for the first time. In the modeling process, the influence of discrete-ZVS control is firstly considered. The conduction time of power switch is regarded as the control signal, which is different from constant-frequency converter. The total current close-loop transfer function is simplified by the linear combination of single VF-PCM and discrete-ZVS control model. After considering the sampling effect and the modulator gain from the derived sampled-data model respectively, the control-to-output transfer function of CrCM ACF converter is developed. The analytical results are analyzed by comparing with single VF-PCM and the widely used average model. Finally, to validate the accuracy of the proposed model, a 65W 20V output CrCM ACF converter is simulated and measured. The verification shown that the proposed sampled-data model is basically agreement with the simulation and experimental results.
PDGFRα‐ and c‐kit‐mutated gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are characterized by distinctive histological and immunohistochemical features

Aims : To study the immunohistochemical and histological features of 158 gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs), consisting of 137 tumours with mutations in c‐kit and platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐alpha (PDGFRα) genes and 21 wt‐GISTs. Additionally, we evaluated the localization of PDGFRα in the normal intestine. PDGFRα gene mutations were recently described in a subset of GISTs and it has been hypothesized that PDGFRα‐mutated tumours represent a distinctive entity among GISTs.
Effect of Aroma Compounds on the Microbial Stabilization of Orange-based Soft Drinks

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the microorganism responsible for a case ofindustrial spoilage in a soft drink factory. About 500000 bottles of an orange-based soft drink were fermented bya Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain in spite of the addition of sodium benzoate. A similar soft drink, which differedmainly for its flavoring component, was not spoiled because of the antimicrobial activity of the orange essentialoil used in its production.Keywords : Saccharomyces cerevisiae , soft drinks, essential oil, stabilization, benzoic acid Introduction T he chemicophysical and compositive characteristics of ready-to-drink beverages make these products susceptible to spoil-age by specific microbial groups. In fact, their high C/N ratio andlow pH selectively allow the growth of acetic and lactic acid bacte-ria, molds, and yeasts (Battey and others 2002). These latter fungiare usually responsible for the degradation of carbonated softdrinks, in which the presence of CO
Bird population recovery 22 years after intensive logging near Eden, New South Wales

Abstract Intensive logging for sawlogs and woodchips in south-eastern Australia is known to cause an immediate impact on bird populations. We measured bird abundance and species turnover during the medium term (13 and 22 years) after intensive alternate-coupe logging in a forest area that had been studied previously for short-term (0–4 years) impacts. The study provides a series of snapshots of bird population recovery following one of the most intensive logging operations in the region when, unlike the current practice, no old trees were retained in logged areas and no unlogged forest was retained in strips along all drainage lines. The aim was to assess the longer-term effects of logging on the bird assemblage and to determine whether recovery had occurred. We found that recovery had occurred for a large component of the avifauna within 22 years of intensive logging (as practised in 1976 when few or no old trees were retained in logged areas). Most bird species that forage among canopy foliage, in the air, among the understorey and on the ground had recovered. Five common forest birds were significantly more common on logged coupes than unlogged coupes. The Bell Miner, Manorina melanophrys, a honeyeater often associated with disturbed forest and implicated in eucalypt canopy dieback, had established colonies on some logged coupes 22 years after intensive logging. However, some hollow-nesting bird species (e.g. treecreepers, cockatoos) had still not fully recovered. A number of other common forest birds occurred so rarely in the study area (on both logged and unlogged coupes) that few conclusions could be made about their responses to logging. Evidence suggested that intensive logging may have had an effect at a local landscape (compartment) level as well as at the level of individual logged coupes. This was indicated by changes to the avifauna of the unlogged coupes over time (increasing numbers of species) as the forest regenerated on the adjacent logged coupes.
Identification and Classification of Heavy Rainfall Areas and their Characteristic Features in Japan

We propose a new procedure for the objective identification and classification of heavy rainfall areas (HRAs) to advance the understanding of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in Japan. The distributions of accumulated precipitation amounts are evaluated from the radar/raingauge-analyzed precipitation amounts and characteristic features of HRAs are examined. The HRAs extracted during the warm seasons (April–November) in 2009 – 2018 are classified into four types (e.g., linear-stationary, linear, stationary, and others) based on their morphological features and temporal variations. HRAs are frequently observed on the Pacific sides of eastern and western Japan; 80 % of HRAs appeared from June to September and 60 % of the HRAs were observed in association with stationary fronts and tropical cyclones. Approximately 80 % of those HRAs of the linear-stationary type corresponded to typical elongated and stagnated MCSs, as suggested in previous studies.
Neural Poisson Factorization

In this work, we focus on dealing with a sparse users’ feedback matrix and short descriptions/contents of items in recommender systems. We propose the Neural Poisson factorization (NPF) model which is a hybrid of deep learning and Poisson factorization. While Poisson factorization is suitable to model discrete, massive and sparse feedback, using a deep neural network and pre-trained word embeddings can learn hidden semantic in short item descriptions well. Therefore, NPF overcomes the limitation of existing models when dealing with short texts and a sparse feedback matrix. Moreover, we develop a random view algorithm based on stochastic learning for our model, in which each user is only viewed a random subset of items and his/her feedback on the subset is used to update his/her representation in each iteration. This approach is reasonable because each user can only know or view a partial subset of items when surfing a system. Extensive experiments illustrate the significant advantages of NPF over content-based matrix factorization methods and others that ignore item descriptions.
Factors affecting plant diversity during post‐fire recovery and succession of mediterranean‐climate shrublands in California, USA

Plant community diversity, measured as species richness, is typically highest in the early post‐fire years in California shrublands. However, this generalization is overly simplistic and the present study demonstrates that diversity is determined by a complex of temporal and spatial effects. Ninety sites distributed across southern California were studied for 5 years after a series of fires. Characteristics of the disturbance event, in this case fire severity, can alter post‐fire diversity, both decreasing and increasing diversity, depending on life form. Spatial variability in resource availability is an important factor explaining patterns of diversity, and there is a complex interaction between landscape features and life form. Temporal variability in resource availability affects diversity, and the diversity peak in the immediate post‐fire year (or two) appears to be driven by factors different from subsequent diversity peaks. Early post‐fire diversity is influenced by life‐history specialization, illustrated by species that spend the bulk of their life cycle as a dormant seed bank, which is then triggered to germinate by fire. Resource fluctuations, precipitation in particular, may be associated with subsequent post‐fire diversity peaks. These later peaks in diversity comprise a flora that is compositionally different from the immediate post‐fire flora, and their presence may be due to mass effects from population expansion of local populations in adjacent burned areas.
Translesion Synthesis past Tamoxifen-derived DNA Adducts by Human DNA Polymerases η and κ

Newly discovered human DNA polymerase (pol) η and κ are highly expressed in the reproductive organs, such as testis, ovary, and uterus, where steroid hormones are produced. Because treatment with estrogen increases the risk of developing breast, ovary, and endometrial cancers, miscoding events occurring at model estrogen-derived DNA adducts were explored using pol η and a truncated form of human pol κ (pol κΔC). These enzymes bypassed N2-[3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-6-yl]-2‘-deoxyguanosine (dG-N2-3MeE) and N6-[3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-6-yl]-2‘-deoxyadenosine (dA-N6-3MeE), which were embedded in site-specifically modified oligodeoxynucleotide templates. Quantitative analysis of base substitutions and deletions occurring at the lesion site showed that pol κΔC was more efficient at incorporating dCMP opposite the dG-N2-3MeE lesion than pol η. Surprisingly, the frequency of translesion synthesis beyond the dC•dG-N2-3MeE pair was 13% of the normal dC•dG pair and was 4 and 6 orders of magnitude higher .
An Analytical Solution for Temperature Distribution and Thermal Strain of FGM Cylinders with Varying Thickness and Temperature-Dependent Properties Using Perturbation Technique

This research presents temperature distribution and thermal strain of functionally graded material cylinders with varying thickness and temperature-dependency properties that are subjected to heat fluxes in their inner and outer layers. The heterogeneous distribution of properties is modeled as a power function. Using first-order temperature theory and the energy method, governing equations are extracted. The system of governing differential equations is a system of nonlinear differential equations with variable coefficients, which are solved by using the analytical method of the matched asymptotic expansion of the perturbations technique. Results obtained from temperature distribution, heat flux, and thermal strain for different heterogeneous constants and temperature-dependency properties are discussed. They show that heterogeneity has a significant impact on the temperature field and thermal strain inside functionally graded cylinders. Moreover, it is observed that heterogeneity has no impact on the direction of heat flux vector inside the body; however, any changes in heterogeneity would change the magnitude of heat flux. The results obtained from the analytical method were compared with those of previous studies and FEM, which showed good agreement.
Are you professional?: Analysis of prosodic features between a newscaster and amateur speakers through partial substitution by DNN-TTS

This paper analyzes prosodic differences between a professional newscaster and amateur speakers which affect listeners’ perceptual impression in Japanese. Speech of professional newscasters easily convey his/her occupation, which is that of a newscaster. Although people perceive many factors from human’s speech, it is not revealed what factors are dominant for him/her to be professional. To this end, we conduct a large scale perceptual experiment using synthesized speech by deep neural networks (DNN) based speech synthesis. Speech stimuli are synthesized, in which prosodic features such as phoneme duration or F 0 are partially substituted with those of target speakers by changing a DNN trained from professional and amateur speakers. To exclude the inﬂuence of the voice quality, spectral features with the same speaker characteristics were used for the experiment. Listeners are asked to choose one speech which he/she thought that it is more acceptable as speech of a news-caster. The results of the perceptual experiment indicate that listeners’ impressions are affected by F 0 rather than phoneme duration, although both features affect the listeners’ impressions. We further analyze the relation between the obtained perceptual scores and some prosodic related features. It suggests that the larger the SD of F 0 pattern, the more listeners perceive the speech as professional.
Fatty acid and proteomic analysis of Sterculia striata nut

brunamara.carvalho@gmail.com Abstract Chicha ( Sterculia striata) is a native plant of the Cerrado biome that has only recently been explored nutritionally. The aim of this study was to determine its fatty acid profile and obtain the proteomic analysis of chicha nut. The nut was found to be composed of 22.19% protein, 20.62% lipids, 3.91% moisture, 3.63% ash, 53.56% carbohydrates, 19.99% neutral detergent fiber and 3.99% acid detergent fiber. With regard to fatty acids; 5 components were identified, of which 56.2% were unsaturated fatty acids. Oleic acid presented the highest fatty acid content in chicha, followed by palmitic acid. With regard to the nut’s protein content; 2 proteins were identified, legumin, a soluble globulin, and prurin-1, the most allergic component of 11S globulins. The identification of the characteristics of chicha provides nutritional and functional information regarding this plant and its contribution to food
Estimating Optimal Policy Value in General Linear Contextual Bandits

In many bandit problems, the maximal reward achievable by a policy is often unknown in advance. We consider the problem of estimating the optimal policy value in the sublinear data regime before the optimal policy is even learnable. We refer to this as $V^*$ estimation. It was recently shown that fast $V^*$ estimation is possible but only in disjoint linear bandits with Gaussian covariates. Whether this is possible for more realistic context distributions has remained an open and important question for tasks such as model selection. In this paper, we first provide lower bounds showing that this general problem is hard. However, under stronger assumptions, we give an algorithm and analysis proving that $\widetilde{\mathcal{O}}(\sqrt{d})$ sublinear estimation of $V^*$ is indeed information-theoretically possible, where $d$ is the dimension. We then present a more practical, computationally efficient algorithm that estimates a problem-dependent upper bound on $V^*$ that holds for general distributions and is tight when the context distribution is Gaussian. We prove our algorithm requires only $\widetilde{\mathcal{O}}(\sqrt{d})$ samples to estimate the upper bound. We use this upper bound and the estimator to obtain novel and improved guarantees for several applications in bandit model selection and testing for treatment effects.
The Development of Indonesian Sentiment Analysis with Negation Handling

The polarity of a text can be seen based on the words used in the text. The use of negation words in a sentiment can change the polarity of the sentiment. One example of a negation word in Indonesian is the word 'tidak'. If a sentiment has a word “tidak” combined with a word “jelek” to form “tidak jelek”, then the sentiment is classified into positive class. However, if the combination of the word “tidak jelek” is processed as a word that has no relationship, then the sentiment will be falsely classified into negative class. The existence of negation word in a sentiment is one of the challenges in sentiment analysis, because it can cause ambiguity and misclassification when classifying text based on its polarity. This research shows that negation handling cannot be done only by doing syntactic analysis, but it also requires semantic analysis to overcome the problem of ambiguity.
Computational modelling of an auditory lexical decision experiment using jTRACE and TISK

ABSTRACT We present a series of computational simulations of the auditory lexical decision task using the jTRACE and TISK models of spoken word recognition. Simulation 1 replicates high accuracy in word recognition and similar performance of these models using the small, default dictionary. Simulation 2 expands the set of words and phonemes, leading to issues in representing certain phonemes in jTRACE. Simulation 3 expands the lexicon of competitors and we find that TISK struggles to select the target word as the winner. Finally, Simulation 4 shows that the decision criteria employed leads to many false positives when pseudowords are presented to the model. None of the model estimates of the time cycle when the winner should be selected predicted participant response latency in the auditory lexical decision task. We discuss these findings and offer suggestions as to what a contemporary model of spoken word recognition should be able to do.