Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Guests Hotel Feature Preferences: Analysis utilizing topic modelling and model based recursive partitioning

In today’s world of globally connected societies and ever-increasing ease of information retrieval, consumers have become accustomed to investigating peer reviews prior to making purchase decisions. Businesses in various sectors solidly value consumer ratings and maintaining a high rating from a business perspective. To maintain a high rating, knowledge about the determinants of review ratings can be very valuable to businesses, as products’ and/or services’ features can be adjusted accordingly. A growing collection of research concerning feature importance exists, but segmentation of reviewers is rarely incorporated. This is problematic, as it is highly unlikely that every reviewer rates a service or product the same way. In this research, I focus on hotel guests’ reviews: I attempt to find out if different groups of guests have distinct feature preferences. I do this by deriving topics from Booking.com reviews using the LDA and JST models, use some of these topics as inputs in a regression model predicting the review rating, and segment reviewers into smaller groups/regression models with distinct hotel feature preferences using Model Based Recursive Partitioning. I find that the reviewers can be segmented into ten groups, all with some distinct feature preferences.
Perceptions on shared accommodation: a sample from China

With the rapid development of urbanisation in China, today more than half the population live in cities. Migrant workers move from rural areas to the cities for job opportunities. Most cannot afford to buy or rent their accommodation, due to the high cost of dwellings in cities, particularly in the first-tier cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen. As a result, shared accommodation has become one of the ways of obtaining shelter. Shared accommodation in the private sector, however, has received minimal attention in the research literature. This study aims to understand peoples’ perceptions of shared accommodation in terms of several criteria including the selection of accommodation, and economic and social experiences. Through surveys, 194 questionnaires were received in which 57.5% of respondents live in shared accommodation, either sharing a flat (72.2%) or a room in a flat (27.8%). Transportation, rental price and roommates are the top three factors that people consider in their experience of shared accommodation. Most people living in shared accommodation are positive about their current circumstances and social interactions with neighbours and roommates.
Credit growth in China : determinants and consequences

Since 1978, China saw rapid growth of both output and credit as it evolved from a centrally-planned, closed economy to a market-based open economy. This thesis provides an empirical analysis of the role of credit and money in China, within a standard theoretical framework, and examines the relative roles of state and market in their growth. This empirical analysis can contribute to the development of theoretical analysis and policy proposals but they are beyond the scope of this thesis. Chapter 1 introduces the thesis. Chapter 2 identifies credit cycles and show that Chinese credit booms clustered in between 1984-88, 1992-94, and 2009-11, around big political conferences. We also examine the role of monetary policies. This analysis suggests that Chinese credit cycles are partly state-driven. Chapter 3 conducts a heterogeneous panel analysis of loan growth for a panel of 14 Chinese listed banks, with data for 2008Q1-2018Q4. Loans are the major form of credit. These 14 banks represent a large share of total bank assets and we group them into various bank-clusters. The results suggest that, whilst there remains a large degree of state influence on Chinese banks, there is evidence for market exposure even at a time of unprecedented state interventions following the global financial crisis. Chapter 4 investigates money demand since credit expansion in China has been accompanied by monetary expansion. An unrestricted VAR suggests a regime shift in 1992 when Deng’s reforms deepened. A cointegrating VECM is estimated over 1980Q1-1992Q4 and (1993Q1-2018Q3). We find two cointegrating vectors determining money and income, showing an IS/LM relationship. The results provide evidence on China’s economic transition to a market-based system, based on stable money and goods market equilibria. The short-run adjustment equations can be given interpretations in terms of a Phillips Curve and a Taylor Rule. Chapter 5 concludes.
Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of (η6‐p‐Cymene)(phosphane)ruthenium(II) Complexes Supported on Poly(biphenoxyphosphazene) or Chiral Poly(binaphthoxyphosphazene) Copolymers

The polyphosphazene random copolymer containing diphenylphosphane ligands {[NP(OC6H4PPh2)2]0.4[NP(O2C12H8)]0.6}n (1a) (O2C12H8 = 2,2′-dioxy-1,1′-biphenyl), and the chiral binaphthoxy analogues {[NP(OC6H4PPh2)2]0.1[NP(O2C20H12)]0.9}n [O2C20H12 = (R)-2,2′-dioxy-1,1′-binaphthyl] (1b) and {[NP(OC6H4PPh2)2]0.2[NP(O2C20H10Br2)]0.8}n [O2C20H10Br2 = (R)-2,2′-dioxy-6,6′-dibromo-1,1′-binaphthyl] (1c), reacted in dichloromethane at room temperature with appropriate amounts of the dimeric complex [Ru(η6-p-cymene)Cl(μ-Cl)]2 to give the corresponding polymeric (phosphane)RuII complexes {[NP(OC6H4PPh2[RuCl2(η6-p-cymene)]x)2]0.4[NP(O2C12H8)]0.6}n [x = 0.5 (2a), 1 (2b)], {[NP(OC6H4PPh2[RuCl2(η6-p-cymene)])2]0.1[NP(O2C20H12)]0.9}n (3) and {[NP(OC6H4PPh2[RuCl2(η6-p-cymene)])2]0.2[NP(O2C20H10Br2)]0.8}n (4). The isolated products are soluble reddish solids, and are thermally very stable with very high glass transition temperatures. The reaction of 1b or 1c with the cationic precursor [RuCl(PPh3)2(η6-p-cymene)][PF6] in refluxing THF gave the crosslinked insoluble cationic polymeric complexes {[NP(OC6H4PPh2)2]0.1[NP(O2C20H12)]0.9[RuCl(η6-p-cymene)(PF6)]0.05}n (5) and {[NP(OC6H4PPh2)2]0.2[NP(O2C20H10Br2)]0.8[RuCl(η6-p-cymene)(PF6)]0.08}n (6). All the complexes were active catalysts in transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone by propan-2-ol, but the C2-pockets containing the catalytic centers gave no enantioselectivity because of the conformational behavior of the chiral derivatives. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Prediction on amphiphilicity of hypocrellin derivatives

Hypocrellins are most suitable for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of the diseases occurring in the superficial layer, such as microvascular diseases, because of their special absorption spectral properties. However, hypocrellins and most of their derivatives are basically lipophilic, while the hydrophilic derivatives lose the PDT activity in vivo. Therefore, the key problem for practical application of PDT of microvascular diseases focuses on finding the derivatives which possess optimized amphiphilicity. Herein, we developed a theoretical method to estimate the amphiphilicity of a molecule by the calculated average polarity. Compared with the experimentally measured results, the method is proved to be applicable. Based on the computation and available experimental results, it can be concluded that the derivative must have the polarities around 0.22 for optimized amphiphilicity.
Boundary conditions for modeling transport in vertical barriers

One-dimensional advective-dispersive-reactive models are often used to simulate the performance of vertical subsurface barriers. However, a review of the literature reveals a lack of consistency in the treatment of boundary conditions (BCs), particularly for field applications. Commonly used simplified BCs are shown to result in nonconservative predictions of contaminant flux when applied to the low flow scenarios expected in the field. Consequently, the constant concentration entrance BC and zero concentration exit BC are recommended as the starting point for the design of slurry walls.Generalized mixing zone conditions are also proposed and evaluated for modeling both field installations and laboratory columns. For field scenarios, the exit mixing zone provides flexibility in adjusting between the limiting cases of zero concentration and semiinfinite BCs. For laboratory columns, mixing zones may be used to represent the influence of porous materials placed at the column ends to promote lateral distribution of the permeating fluid.
Copula Omission in early Child French

In language acquisition research, the omission of the copula verb as a case of functional element dropping has repeatedly been attested in Western European languages, but not often thoroughly analyzed. This study investigates the omission of the French copula etre in monolingual L1-acquisition by integrating three different viewpoints: first, the Truncation Hypothesis advanced by Luigi Rizzi in order to account for Root-Infinitive clauses is adopted as a model for the syntactic structure of Copula Omissions. Second, the reported syntactic and semantic restrictions regulating Copula Omission, notably the copula predicate’s semantic type, are discussed in the light of Claudia Maienborn’s study on the copula’s logic form. It is argued that the frequently cited distinction between stage-level and individual-level predicates is in fact based pragmatically rather than semantically or syntactically. Lastly, the productive use of Left and Right Dislocation in spoken French is analyzed regarding its repercussions on the French information structure, pragmatical discourse considerations, as well as its prosody. It is proposed that dislocation contexts favor French Copula Omission in child speech because of their impact on the salience of fragmentary utterances. This hypothesis is tested in comparison to the correlation with predicate type by analyzing the CHILDES recordings of three monolingual French children. The results show that French Copula Omission correlates with dislocation as well as with predicate type in a significant way. This confirms that children exploit pragmatical economy considerations when producing fragmentary structures, which may explain why child speech omissions often prove optional.
DIGITALIZATION OF THE WORKPLACE: HOW OPENNESS OF EMPLOYEES MODERATES THE EFFECTS OF TECHNOSTRESS ON JOB SATISFACTION.

The present work project examines how openness as one of the Big Five Personality Traits moderates the relationship between technostressors and job satisfaction. Technostress is defined as stress experienced by employees through the use of information and communication technologies (ICT). After conducting a survey a regression analysis was performed. The study suggests that openness positively moderates the relationship between techno-overload, -invasion, -complexity and -insecurity and job satisfaction, such that the corresponding technostressor affects job satisfaction weaker if the level of openness is high. No significant moderation could be found for techno-uncertainty. From these results practical recommendations for managers and HR departments are derived.
A Critical Evaluation of Direct Energy Transfer as a Tool for Analysis of Nanoscale Morphologies in Polymers. Application to Block Copolymer Interfaces

Simulations of energy-transfer kinetics were carried out for a lamellar block copolymer system in which donor and acceptor dyes were attached to the block junction. In such a system, the distribution of donors and acceptors follows PJ(z), which describes the distribution of the junctions across the interface. We use these simulations to examine the type of information about the block copolymer morphology available from analysis of fluorescence decay profiles generated by these systems. Within the context of a Helfand−Tagami distribution for PJ(z), one can obtain reliable estimates of the ratio of the period spacing to interface thickness (H/δ) but not the individual parameters H and δ. Since H can be determined independently in a scattering experiment, this approach is useful for obtaining values of δ with better than 5% accuracy. Attempts to distinguish a Helfand−Tagami profile from a Gaussian profile were not successful. The energy-transfer experiment may be employed to reject the wrong morphology only .
Optimization of quantum-dot qubit fabrication via machine learning

Precise nanofabrication represents a critical challenge to developing semiconductor quantum-dot qubits for practical quantum computation. Here, we design and train a convolutional neural network to interpret in-line scanning electron micrographs and quantify qualitative features affecting device functionality. The high-throughput strategy is exemplified by optimizing a model lithographic process within a five-dimensional design space and by demonstrating a new approach to address lithographic proximity effects. The present results emphasize the benefits of machine learning for developing robust processes, shortening development cycles, and enforcing quality control during qubit fabrication.
Soil chemistry effects and flow prediction in electroremediation of soil

This work addresses processes occurring during the removal of contaminants from soils using electric fields. Laboratory experiments and mathematical modeling are used to study the changes in the flows of ions and pore liquid during the process; these flows are directly related to the removal of charged and uncharged contaminants by electromigration and electroosmosis, respectively. Soil properties are explored by electrophoresis measurements, acid/base titrations, and elemental analyses of pore solutions, then incorporated into an electrochemical transport model, and compared to electroremediation experiments. It is found that a soil chemistry model involving cation exchange and aluminum chemistry must be included to describe the process accurately. Varying electroosmotic flow is suc cessfully predicted, but only until the development of a low ionic strength region in the medium. The insight gained allows the mechanisms of electroosmotic flow reversal and cessation to be identified. As importantly, this i.
Revised structure zone model for thin film physical structure

Thin films prepared under conditions of low adatom mobility are characterized by a highly anisotropic physical structure with a wide range of systematically varying column and void sizes. The structure zone models, previously developed to classify the larger sized physical structures, are revised to account for the evolutionary growth stages of structure development as well as the separate effects of thermal‐ and bombardment‐induced mobility. The zone T introduced by Thornton is shown to be a subzone within zone 1.
Non-sinusoidal transit timing variations for the exoplanet HAT-P-12b

Considering the importance of investigating the transit timing variations (TTVs) of transiting exoplanets, we present a follow-up study of HAT-P-12b. We include six new light curves observed between 2011 and 2015 from three different observatories, in association with 25 light curves taken from the published literature. The sample of the data used thus covers a time span of ∼ 10.2 years with a large coverage of epochs (1160) for the transiting events of the exoplanet HAT-P-12b. The light curves are utilized to determine the orbital parameters and conduct an investigation of possible TTVs. The new linear ephemeris shows a large value of reduced χ 2, i.e. χred2(23) = 7.93, and the sinusoidal fitting using the prominent frequency coming from a periodogram shows a reduced χ 2 around 4. Based on these values and the corresponding O – C diagrams, we suspect the presence of a possible non-sinusoidal TTV in this planetary system. Finally, we find that a scenario with an additional non-transiting exoplanet could explain this TTV with an even smaller reduced χ 2 value of around 2.
Experimental Fock-state bunching capability of non-ideal single-photon states

Advanced quantum technologies, as well as fundamental tests of quantum physics, crucially require the interference of multiple single photons in linear-optics circuits. This interference can result in the bunching of photons into higher Fock states, leading to a complex bosonic behaviour. These challenging tasks timely require to develop collective criteria to benchmark many independent initial resources. Here we determine whether n independent imperfect single photons can ultimately bunch into the Fock state $|n\rangle$. We thereby introduce an experimental Fock-state capability for single-photon sources, which uses phase-space interference for extreme bunching events as a quantifier. In contrast to autocorrelation functions, this operational approach takes into account not only residual multi-photon components but also vacuum admixture and the dispersion of the individual photon statistics. We apply this approach to high-purity single photons generated from an optical parametric oscillator and show that they can lead to a Fock-state capability of at least 14. Our work demonstrates a novel collective benchmark for single-photon sources and their use in subsequent stringent applications.
Natural grasp intention recognition based on gaze fixation in human-robot interaction

Eye movement is closely related to limb actions, so it can be used to infer movement intentions. More importantly, in some cases, eye movement is the only way for paralyzed and impaired patients with severe movement disorders to communicate and interact with the environment. Despite this, eye-tracking technology still has very limited application scenarios as an intention recognition method. The goal of this paper is to achieve a natural fixation-based grasping intention recognition method, with which a user with hand movement disorders can intuitively express what tasks he/she wants to do by directly looking at the object of interest. Toward this goal, we design experiments to study the relationships of fixations in different tasks. We propose some quantitative features from these relationships and analyze them statistically. Then we design a natural method for grasping intention recognition. The experimental results prove that the accuracy of the proposed method for the grasping intention recognition exceeds 89\% on the training objects. When this method is extendedly applied to objects not included in the training set, the average accuracy exceeds 85\%. The grasping experiment in the actual environment verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Properties of thin film silicon nitride deposited by hot wire chemical vapor deposition using silane, ammonia, and hydrogen gas mixtures

The structure of thin film SiN, deposited by the hot wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) technique using SiH4 and NH3 gas mixtures, is examined as H2 dilution is added to the gas flow mixture. For NH3/SiH4 gas flow ratios greater than 1/2, all films are a-SiN:H for H2/SiH4 gas dilution ratios as high as 20/1. While H2 dilution does not change the basic film structure, it does increase the efficiency of NH3 dissociation in the gas phase, and causes a further reduction in the already small amount of N-H bonding in a-SiN:H films deposited by HWCVD. Differences in local N bonding sites are observed when the nitrogen source gas is changed from NH3 to N2. For NH3/SiH4 gas ratios less than 1/2 and with high H2 dilution, deposition of μc-SiN by HWCVD is demonstrated. X-ray diffraction measurements show that the structure of these films consists of silicon crystallites embedded in an a-SiN:H matrix. An upper limit for N incorporation with the preservation of microcrystallinity is found, beyond which the films a.
Black holes and other spherical solutions in quadratic gravity with a cosmological constant

We study static spherically symmetric solutions to the vacuum field equations of quadratic gravity in the presence of a cosmological constant $\Lambda$. Motivated by the trace no-hair theorem, we assume the Ricci scalar to be constant throughout a spacetime. Furthermore, we employ the conformal-to-Kundt metric ansatz that is valid for all static spherically symmetric spacetimes and leads to a considerable simplification of the field equations. We arrive at a set of two ordinary differential equations and study its solutions using the Frobenius-like approach of (infinite) power series expansions. While the indicial equations considerably restrict the set of possible leading powers, careful analysis of higher-order terms is necessary to establish the existence of the corresponding classes of solutions. We thus obtain various non-Einstein generalizations of the Schwarzschild, (anti-)de Sitter [or (A)dS for short], Nariai, and Pleba\'{n}ski-Hacyan spacetimes. Interestingly, some classes of solutions allow for an arbitrary value of $\Lambda$, while other classes admit only discrete values of $\Lambda$. For most of these classes, we give recurrent formulas for all series coefficients. We determine which classes contain the Schwarzschild-(A)dS black hole as a special case and briefly discuss the physical interpretation of the spacetimes. In the discussion of physical properties, we naturally focus on the generalization of the Schwarzschild-(A)dS black hole, namely the Schwarzschild-Bach-(A)dS black hole, which possesses one additional Bach parameter. We also study its basic thermodynamical properties and observable effects on test particles caused by the presence of the Bach tensor. This work is a considerable extension of our letter [Phys. Rev. Lett. , 121, 231104, 2018].
An Assessment of the Usability of Machine Learning Based Tools for the Security Operations Center

Gartner, a large research and advisory company, anticipates that by 2024 80% of security operation centers (SOCs) will use machine learning (ML) based solutions to enhance their operations.11https://www.ciodive. com/news/how-data-science-tools-can-lighten-the-load-for-cybersecurity-teams/572209/ In light of such widespread adoption, it is vital for the research community to identify and address usability concerns. This work presents the results of the first in situ usability assessment of ML-based tools. With the support of the US Navy, we leveraged the national cyber range-a large, air-gapped cyber testbed equipped with state-of-the-art network and user emulation capabilities-to study six US Naval SOC analysts' usage of two tools. Our analysis identified several serious usability issues, including multiple violations of established usability heuristics for user interface design. We also discovered that analysts lacked a clear mental model of how these tools generate scores, resulting in mistrust $a$ and/or misuse of the tools themselves. Surprisingly, we found no correlation between analysts' level of education or years of experience and their performance with either tool, suggesting that other factors such as prior background knowledge or personality play a significant role in ML-based tool usage. Our findings demonstrate that ML-based security tool vendors must put a renewed focus on working with analysts, both experienced and inexperienced, to ensure that their systems are usable and useful in real-world security operations settings.
Diels–Alder thermoresponsive networks based on high maleimide-functionalized urethane prepolymers

Thermoreversible polyurethane networks were successfully prepared by Diels–Alder reaction using a highly maleimide-functionalized urethane prepolymer with an epoxy-based furan coupling agent or a furan-functionalized polyurethane. Highly functional maleimide prepolymers with various functionalities were synthesized by the isocyanate-alcohol reaction from glycerol, H12MDI, and protected N-hydroxymethylmaleimide. Thermal behavior and de-crosslinking of the networks were studied via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and solubility tests. Swelling tests allowed the evaluation of the networks’ density. Thermal properties and crosslinking density were influenced by furan and maleimide functionalities and by the nature of the diene. Denser networks with lower de-crosslinking temperatures were obtained using the epoxy-based furan coupling agent. With the furan-functionalized polyurethanes, looser networks and higher de-crosslinking temperatures were obtained. These higher de-crosslinking temperatures were attributed to the presence of more physical links in the networks.