Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth and development of testes in domesticated and hybrid (wild x domesticated) yak bulls

Testicular tissue was studied in domesticated yak and in wild yak × domesticated yak(F1 and F2)bulls at 6,12,18 and 24 months of age by stereology for quautitative histology and by comparative studies on the lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)isoenzyme spectrum, LDH activity and the percentage content of LDH isoenzymes in testes. The results indicated that all three types of yak were similar in both the characteristics of ultrastructure of testicular tissue and the degree of germ cell development. The process of spermatogenesis was initiated and sperm were produced for the first time at the age of 12months in all three yak types. All yak types exhibited similar age-related, increases in weight of testes,volume density of both the seminiferous tubules and seminiferous epithelium and height of seminiferous epithelium but all these indexes were slightly affected by season. The number of LDH isoenzyme bands after electrophoresis varied with age as follows: four bands were present at 6 months of age, five bands at 12 and 18 months and six bands at 24 months of age. The sixth band was LDH -x ,which appeared between the LDH4 and LDH5 band. These results indicated that yak bulls reach sexual maturity at 24months of age and that puberty is not affected by infusion of wild strains.
Effect of the stage of maturity and mode of conservation of Sudangrass on the efficiency of microbial proteosynthesis in rumen

The effect of the stage of maturity and mode of conservation of Sudangrass on the level and efficiency of microbial proteosynthesis in rumen was assessed on 6 male lambs housed in individual digestibility cages provided with urine/feces separators. Twelve diets (representing 4 stages of plants maturity · 3 conservation modes) were fed ad libitum, without concentrate complementation. Coefficients of conversion of the ruminally available energy and nitrogen into microbial protein were highly sensitive to factors such as plant maturity and mode of conservation and were net inferior to the invariable theoretical values recommended by Romanian feeding system (P<0.01). Necessity of correcting the specific coefficients within the current feeding system is underlined.
SPIDER: Enabling Fast Patch Propagation In Related Software Repositories

Despite the effort of software maintainers, patches to open-source repositories are propagated from the main codebase to all the related projects (e.g., forks) with a significant delay. Previous work shows that this is true also for security patches, which represents a critical problem. Vulnerability databases, such as the CVE database, were born to speed-up the application of critical patches; however, patches associated with CVE entries (i.e., CVE patches) are still applied with a delay, and some security fixes lack the corresponding CVE entries. Because of this, project maintainers could miss security patches when upgrading software.In this paper, we are the first to define safe patches (sps). An sp is a patch that does not disrupt the intended functionality of the program (on valid inputs), meaning that it can be applied with no testing; we argue that most security fixes fall into this category. Furthermore, we show a technique to identify sps, and implement SPIDER 1, a tool based on such a technique that works by analyzing the source code of the original and patched versions of a file. We performed a large-scale evaluation on 341,767 patches from 32 large and popular source code repositories as well as on 809 CVE patches. Results show that SPIDER was able to identify 67,408 sps and that most of the CVE patches are sps. In addition, SPIDER identified 2,278 patches that fix vulnerabilities lacking a CVE; 229 of these are still unpatched in different vendor kernels, which can be considered as potential unfixed vulnerabilities.
Effect of zinc levels and moisture regimes on growth and nutrient uptake of direct seeded rice

A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 2017 in Split Plot Design with three replications at Crop Research Centre of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, and Bihar. The treatments consisted of four moisture regimes in main plots and four zinc levels in sub plots. The result showed that maximum dry matter production (966.27 g/m2), crop growth rate (13.05 g/m2/day), straw yield (47.07 kg/ha), total uptake of N (63.71 kg/ha), P (17.48 kg/ha)K (76.59 kg/ha)& Zn (214.61 g/ha)by crop were found to be maximum with I1 moisture regime which were significantly superior overI3and I4 but was statistically at par with I2 except total uptake of N which was significantly superior over I4 but was statistically at par with I2 and I3 but maximum WUE (33.29 kg/ha-cm)was obtained with I2 which was significantly superior over I1 and I4 but was statistically par with I3. In context of sub plot treatments maximum dry matter production (955.32 g/m2), crop growth rate (12.91 g/m2/day), straw yield (46.42 kg/ha), WUE 33.80 kg/ha-cm), total N (65.06 kg/ha), K (75.80 kg/ha) and Zn (212.95 g/ha) uptake by crop found maximum with Z3 which were significantly superior over Z1but were statistically at par with Z2 and Z4, except total N uptake by crop which was significantly superior over Z1andZ4 but statistically at par with Z2, while maximum total P (16.11 kg/ha) uptake by crop were recorded with control plot which was significantly superior over Z3 but was statistically at par with Z2and Z4.
The Occurrence and Severity of Cane Canker (Botryosphaeria corticis) on Vaccinium Species Native to Florida1

V. myrsinites Lam. is most susceptible to canker among the blueberry species native to Florida and survives by resprouting from underground rhizomes. V. darrowi Camp suffers less canker damage than V. myrsinites, some mature colonies showing little or no damage but others being nearly destroyed by the disease. Most mature V. darrowi colonies in the State have some stems cracked and swollen by canker. Old native plants of V. ashei Reade and V. fuscatum Ait. show light to moderate canker damage in many parts of the State but both species are more resistant than the previous two. V. elliottii Chapm. shows no canker over much of its range in Florida, but localized populations have moderate to high infection. Only one cankered plant of V. arborewn Marsh, has been found, and no canker has been found on V. stamineum L.
Sliding Mode Controller Applied to Coupled Inductor Dual Boost Inverters

A coupled inductor-dual boost-inverter (CIDBI) with a differential structure has been presented for application to a micro-inverter photovoltaic module system due to its turn ratio of a high-voltage level. However, it is difficult to design a CIDBI converter with a conventional PI regulator to be stable and achieve good dynamic performance, given the fact that it is a high order system. In view of this situation, a sliding mode control (SMC) strategy is introduced in this paper, and two different sliding mode controllers (SMCs) are proposed and adopted in the left and right side of two Boost sub-circuits to implement the corresponding regulation of the voltage and current. The schemes of the SMCs have been elaborated in this paper including the establishment of a system variable structure model, selection of the sliding surface, determination of the control law, and presentation of the reaching conditions and sliding domain. Finally, the mathematic analysis and the proposed SMC are verified by experimental results.
Mechanism for the Bio-Oxidation and Decomposition of Pentlandite: Implication for Nickel Bioleaching at Elevated pH

This work investigated the effects of Fe3+, H+ and adsorbed leaching bacteria on the bioleaching of pentlandite. Collectively, an integrated model for the oxidation and decomposition of pentlandite was built to describe the behaviors of different components in a bioleaching system. Proton ions and ferric ions could promote the break and oxidation of Ni-S and Fe-S bonds. The iron-oxidizing microorganisms could regenerate ferric ions and maintain a high Eh value. The sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms showed significant importance in the oxidation of polysulfide and elemental sulfur. The atoms in pentlandite show different modification pathways during the bioleaching process: iron transformed through a (Ni,Fe)9S8 → Fe2+ → Fe3+ → KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 pathway; nickel experienced a transformation of (Ni,Fe)9S8 → NiS → Ni2+; sulfur modified through the pathway of S2−/S22− → Sn2− → S0 → SO32− → SO42−. During bioleaching, a sulfur-rich layer and jarosite layer formed on the mineral surface, and the rise of pH value accelerated the process. However, no evidence for the inhibition of the layers was shown in the bioleaching of pentlandite at pH 3.00. This study provides a novel method for the extraction of nickel from pentlandite by bioleaching at elevated pH values.
The use of the European Standards and Guidelines by national accreditation agencies and local review panels

ABSTRACT In this explorative study, the translation perspective from organisational studies is taken to analyse how national accreditation agencies interpret the so-called European Standards and Guidelines (ESG) and adjust these to the domestic context. Additionally, the study investigates how review panels make use of the ESG vocabulary in their review reports. The empirical materials stem from a variety of 17 higher education institutions in Croatia, Estonia, Finland and Portugal. The findings illustrate the translation processes (copying and modification) taking place and reveal that particularly national quality assurance frameworks often deviate from the ESG. Review panels stay fairly close to the domestic frameworks.
Leaf Photosynthetic Capacity of Sunlit and Shaded Mature Leaves in a Deciduous Forest

A clear understanding of the dynamics of photosynthetic capacity is crucial for accurate modeling of ecosystem carbon uptake. However, such dynamical information is hardly available and has dramatically impeded our understanding of carbon cycles. Although tremendous efforts have been made in coupling the dynamic information of photosynthetic capacity into models, using “proxies” rooted from the close relationships between photosynthetic capacity and other available leaf parameters remains the popular selection. Unfortunately, no consensus has yet been reached on such “proxies”, leading them only applicable to limited cases. In this study, we aim to identify if there are close relationships between the photosynthetic capacity (represented by the maximum carboxylation rate, Vcmax) and leaf traits for mature broadleaves within a cold temperature deciduous forest. This is based on a long-term in situ dataset including leaf chlorophyll content (Chl), leaf nitrogen concentration (Narea, Nmass), leaf carbon concentration (Carea, Cmass), equivalent water thickness (EWT), leaf mass per area (LMA), and leaf gas exchange measurements from which Vcmax was derived, for both sunlit and shaded leaves during leaf mature periods from 2014 to 2019. The results show that the Vcmax values of sunlit and shaded leaves were relatively stable during these periods, and no statistically significant interannual variations occurred (p > 0.05). However, this is not applicable to specific species. Path analysis revealed that Narea was the major contributor to Vcmax for sunlit leaves (0.502), while LMA had the greatest direct relationship with Vcmax for shaded leaves (0.625). The LMA has further been confirmed as a primary proxy if no leaf type information is available. These findings provide a promising way to better understand photosynthesis and to predict carbon and water cycles in temperate deciduous forests.
Functionalization of single-layer TaS_2 and formation of ultrathin Janus structures

Ab initio calculations are performed to investigate the structural, vibrational, electronic, and piezoelectric properties of functionalized single layers of TaS_2. We find that single-layer TaS_2 is a suitable host material for functionalization via fluorination and hydrogenation. The one-side fluorinated (FTaS_2) and hydrogenated (HTaS_2) single layers display indirect gap semiconducting behavior in contrast to bare metallic TaS_2. On the other hand, it is shown that as both surfaces of TaS_2 are saturated anti-symmetrically, the formed Janus structure is a dynamically stable metallic single layer. In addition, it is revealed that out-of-plane piezoelectricity is created in all anti-symmetric structures. Furthermore, the Janus-type single-layer has the highest specific heat capacity to which longitudinal and transverse acoustical phonon modes have contribution at low temperatures. Our findings indicate that single-layer TaS_2 is suitable for functionalization via H and F atoms that the formed, anti-symmetric structures display distinctive electronic, vibrational, and piezoelectric properties.
Phellopilus gen. nov. and its affinities within Phellinus s. lato and Inonotus s. lato (Basidiomycetes).

Molecular analysis of a portion of the large ribosomal subunit was performed with Phellinus nigrolimitatus (Romell) Bourd. & Galzin and ten other species in Phellinus Quél. s. lato and Inonotus P. Karst. s. lato in order to establish their generic relationships. The microscopy of P. nigrolimitatus was revised. The species turned out to differ enough to be separated into a new genus, Phellopilus Niemelä, Wagner & Fischer. At the very onset of sporulation the spores are much longer and narrower (proterospores) than later on; this phenomenon is discussed. Morphological and anatomical characters were studied for a somewhat similar species from the Americas, Fomitiporia punctatiformis Murrill (Phellinus punctatiformis (Murrill) Ryvarden); it seems to fit best in the genus Fuscoporia. A new species, Fuscoporia montana Y.C. Dai & Niemelä, is described from Yunnan, China.
Use of face-mask sampling as a means of characterising the microbiota exhaled from human respiratory tract in health and disease

Introduction: Facemasks carrying a gelatine sampling matrix have been used to sample exhalations from TB patients. The aim here was to further develop this approach by evaluating molecular detection, quantitation and capture of signals in healthy volunteers and in HIV-uninfected patients with suspected Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP). Methods: DNA isolation was optimised with NaOH or collagenase to dissolve gelatine followed by bead beating. Assays for selected marker and degradative proteins were established as were six 16SrDNA-directed qPCRs with different phylogenetic specificities. Mask samples were taken from healthy volunteers over 15, 30 and 60 minutes with four different respiratory efforts. Pathogen detection was tested in patients with suspected PJP (MtLSU target) and a subset of samples were subjected to microbiome profiling.Results: In healthy volunteers, capture of exhaled bacteria appeared maximal at 15 minutes while accumulation continued up to 60 for proteins. Reading-out loud produced most SP-A, albumin and α-amylase. P. jirovecii was detected in 7/20 patients diagnosed and 3/19 patients suspected but not diagnosed with PJP. The median captured signal was 8.59 x 104 (IQR= 3.01 x 105 – 1.81 x 104) MtLSU copies/mask. Blood β-D-Glucan results correlated with the mask results (Spearman r=0.65; p<0.0001) while other relevant clinical indices did not. Microbiome results provided further evidence for different microbial outputs between individuals and with different respiratory efforts and samples. However, the sampling system provided a high background 16S signal.Conclusion: The mask approach has been significantly improved towards sampling material exhaled from the upper and lower respiratory tracts with evidence that different breathing activities produce different yields. Sampling in suspected PJP adds diagnostic likelihood in cases with positive β-D-Glucan results and reinforces evidence that P. jirovecii is an airborne infection. Microbiome studies revealed several differences, but conclusions were limited by high background signals. Mask sampling is promising non-invasive investigative and diagnostic tool.
Challenges and Perspectives in Neuromorphic-based Visual IoT Systems and Networks

Neuromorphic sensors, a.k. a. dynamic vision sensors (DVS) or silicon retinas, do not capture full images (frames) at a fixed rate, but asynchronously capture spikes indicating changes of brightness in the scene, following the principles of biological vision and perception in mammals. DVS sensing and processing produces a data representation where the scene can be represented with a very high time resolution with a limited number of bits (an inherent data compression is performed at the time of acquisition). Such representation can be used locally to derive actionable responses and selected parts can be transmitted and then processed in another network location. Due to these features, such sensors represent an excellent choice as visual sensing technology for next-generation Internet-of-Things, e.g. in surveillance, drone technology, and robotics. It is in fact becoming evident that in this framework acquiring, processing, and transmitting frame-based video is inefficient in terms of energy consumption and reaction times, in particular in some scenarios. Hence, we explore here the feasibility of advanced Machine to Machine (M2M) communications systems that directly capture, compress and transmit spike-based visual information to cloud computing services in order to produce content classification or retrieval results with extremely low power and low latency.
烟草靶斑病菌（Rhizoctonia solani）致病力分化研究

采用温室离体叶片接种法,以平均病斑直径（AD）为抗性评价标准,选用3个抗感反应不同的烟草品种对18株不同地区的烟草靶斑病菌的致病力进行了测定. 结果表明：不同地区来源的烟草靶斑病菌菌株间致病力存在明显差异,划分为3个致病类型：致病型Ⅰ,属于强致病类型,包含了4个菌株,YC-9和YMC-2,分别来源于铁岭市开原县营场乡和丹东市宽甸县杨木川乡,占供试菌株的22. 2％;致病类型Ⅱ,中等致病类型,分别来源于铁岭市开原市和西丰县及丹东市宽甸县和凤城市大堡镇,占61. 1％;致病类型Ⅲ,属于弱致病类型,包含LF-2、QYS-3和QYS-5共3个菌株,来源于铁岭市开原县林丰乡和丹东市宽甸县青椅山乡,占16. 7％. 辽宁省烟草靶斑病菌以致病类型Ⅱ为优势种群,致病类型分布与地区来源无明显相关性.
Identification of Beef Breed using DNA Marker of Coat Color Genes

In Korean beef market, one of the major problems is mislabeling or fraudulent distribution of Holstein dairy meat or imported beef as domestic Hanwoo meat. Therefore, there has been a great need for a development of technology to identify beef breeds in meat and meat products. This study was carried out to develop the accurate and reliable method for the identification of beef breed using PCR-RFLP marker of MC1R, MGF and TYRPl genes affecting coat colors in cattle. A single base substitution (G\longrightarrowT transition) at the codon for amino acid position 104 of MC1R gene was identified between Hanwoo and Holstein and Angus breeds. The change at this position creates Msp I restriction site in Holstein and Angus, but not in Hanwoo. When the DNA amplified products (537 bp) was digested with Msp I, Hanwoo meat showed a single band of 537bp, while two fragments of 329bp and 208 bp were observed in Holstein meat and Angus breed, respectively. Thus, breed-specific RFLP marker in the MC1R gene can be used to distinguish between Hanwoo meat and Holstein and Angus meats. In the RFLP genotype of MGF gene, the frequency of r/r type was 75％ in Manwoo, whereas the frequency of R/R was 80％ in Hereford breed. Holstein and Angus breeds showed 100％ for R/r type. Therefore, Hanwoo meat showed significant difference in the MGF genotype frequencies compared with those of Holstein meat and imported beef cattle breeds. However, TYRP1 gene showed the same genotype in all breeds examined. Thus, this TYRP1 gene can not be used as a molecular marker for breed identification. As a consequence, we suggest that RFLP markers of the MC1R and MGF coat color genes could be used as DNA marker for identification of Hanwoo meat from Holstein and imported meats.
Performance Feedback, Goal Clarity, and Public Employees’ Performance in Public Organizations

Scholars have emphasized the importance of supervisory feedback in improving individual performance. Subordinates benefit from clear communication of organizational goals and expected behaviors of employees, which are linked to the improvement of individual performance and organizational effectiveness. We examine the dynamic relationship between feedback on performance and individual performance, which is mediated by performance goal clarity. Given the potential influence of contextual factors on the relationship, we also test the moderation effect of autonomy on the relationship between performance goal clarity and individual performance. The data collected from the local government workforce in Korea were analyzed through structural equation modeling. The findings show that performance feedback is significantly and positively related to individual performance, mediated by performance goal clarity. In addition, the mediation effect of performance goal clarity was positively moderated by autonomy. The results imply that performance feedback can contribute to the improvement of individual performance by helping employees clearly understand the performance goals they need to accomplish. The higher levels of autonomy may promote the positive link between a clear understanding of performance goals and individual performance.
Influence of Capacitive Coupling on High-Fidelity Non-Contact ECG Measurement

Non-contact electrocardiogram (ECG) measurement is an advanced sensing technique that uses capacitive electrodes to detect cardiac signals through non-conductive fabrics. However, the capacitive coupling is a significant factor that affects signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of non-contact ECG, including skin-electrode active area, material, and thickness of the non-conductive fabric. This study aims to develop a high-fidelity non-contact ECG system to evaluate the influence of capacitive coupling on ECG measurement. In this study, a polymer foam with low surface resistance ( $0.05\Omega $ /inch2) was designed for improving the capacitive-coupling interface between the curved body and electrode sensing surface. The system recorded excellent non-contact ECG of 29.8dB, and the accuracy of heart rate was 99.5% compared to wet-contact ECG measurement. The SNR exponentially attenuated with decreasing skin-electrode capacitance by the combined evidence of theoretical calculation and experimental results. The proposed system generates distinguishable ECG signals (SNR>0dB) at the skin-electrode capacitance above 85pF and maximum through-thickness of cotton-based cloth of 1.2mm. In conclusion, this study evaluated the influence of capacitive coupling on non-contact ECG measurements and established a lower bound of the coupling capacitance for satisfactory signal quality. Future studies may investigate whether the coupling capacitance can be further reduced.
Effects of jackfruit puree supplementation on lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus FTDC 1295) in terms of viability and chemical compositions of dadih.

This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation of jackfruit puree on probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus FTDC 1295) in terms of cell count, viability and nutritional value of dadih. Four samples of dadih were prepared in this investigation; Control, Jackfruit dadih, Probiotic dadih and Jackfruit Probiotic dadih (Control, ConJD, ConPD and JPD respectively). Results revealed that dadih supplemented with jackfruit puree (JPD) directly improved the probiotic cell counts which are significantly higher than the dadih without jackfruit puree (ConPD). The high probiotic viability in dadih (ConPD 92%; JPD 96%) indicated that it can be an effective probiotic delivery vehicle. The chemical compositions (moisture, total solids, fat, protein, mineral, organic acid, and pH) showed variations in its pattern due to the differential in formulations and the incorporations of probiotic bacteria. In addition, the Total Phenolic Content and the antioxidant capacity were reported to be the highest in dadih supplemented with jackfruit puree and probiotic (JPD) as compared with other dadih samples. These are attributed by the presence of jackfruit puree and probiotic in the samples which effectively increased the total phenolic content which directly increase the antioxidant activity.