Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The use of UAVs in engineering geological surveys: mapping along Scotland's south-west coast

UAVs have been used in engineering for at least two decades. While there is a wide range of recognition algorithms for the automatic identification of structural damage, structural geological features etc. from the acquired images, the parameters affecting the resolution of these images are often overlooked. As a result, the potential of the UAV technology is not maximized and at times, it is even regarded as leading to poor outcomes. We present a case study of the structural geological mapping of a coastal area in Scotland carried out using two types of UAVs: a fixed wing and a hexacopter. We compare the structural geological maps obtained from the orthophotos and conventional techniques and find that although the level of detail is the same, the time spent in producing a map is at least 5 times less when using a UAV. The fixed wing is faster and therefore, can cover large areas while the copter gives better resolution images as it can fly at lower heights. The level of detail achieved in this study was 1 cm which is sufficient for most mapping applications. The time required to produce a structural geological map of the studied area was a fifth of the time required when using conventional mapping techniques. The use of one or the other type of UAVs and the flight height depend on the needs of the project and should be chosen after taking into consideration the required resolution.
WASP-157b, a Transiting Hot Jupiter Observed with K2

We announce the discovery of the transiting hot Jupiter WASP-157b in a 3.95-d orbit around a V = 12.9 G2 main-sequence star. This moderately inflated planet has a Saturn-like density, with a mass of 0.57 ± 0.10 MJup and a radius of 1.06 ± 0.05 RJup. We do not detect any rotational or phase curve modulations, nor the secondary eclipse, with conservative semi-amplitude upper limits of 250 and 20 ppm, respectively.
Building Cost Models of Information Interaction & Retrieval

Modeling how people interact with search interfaces has been of particular interest and importance to the field of Interactive Information Retrieval. Recently, there has been a move to developing formal models of the interaction between the user and the system, whether it be to: (i) run a simulation, (ii) conduct an economic analysis, (iii) measure system performance, or (iv) simply to better understand the interactions and hypothesise about user behaviours. In such models, they consider the costs and the benefits that arise through the interaction with the interface/system and the information surfaced during the course of interaction. In this full day tutorial, we will focus on describing a series of cost (and benefit) models that have been proposed in the literature and how they have been applied in various scenarios. The tutorial will be structured into two parts. First, we will provide an overview of Decision Theory and Cost-Benefit Analysis techniques, and how they can and have be applied to a variety of Interactive Information Retrieval scenarios. For example, how do we reduce the cost browsing facets? how many results should we show per page? and how do we get users to pose longer queries? The second part of the day will be dedicated to building cost models where we will discuss different techniques to build and develop models from which one can draw testable hypotheses from. In this more practical session, we will also discuss how costs and benefits can be estimated, and how the models can help inform and guide experimentation. During the tutorial participants will be challenged to build cost models for a number of problems (or even bring their own problems to solve). We will then conclude with presentations of solutions followed by a summary and overview of challenges and future directions. This tutorial is aimed at participants wanting to know more about cost models and how they can be applied, interpreted and built in the context of information seeking, search and retrieval. CHIIR March 7-11, 2017, Oslo, Norway ACM ISBN 978-1-4503-2138-9. DOI: 10.1145/1235
Applied Language Typology:Applying typological insights in professional practice

In this paper we introduce and outline a new research area, Applied Language Typology (ALT). ALT builds on fundamental typological findings in morphology, syntax and semantics. ALT examines the attested and potential practical consequences of these contrasts for different professional contexts of communication, such as translation, the law and second language learning and teaching. We propose three general organising principles that underlie ALT, illustrating how these principles enable us to identify exact points of language contrasts that result in significant practical difficulty, and we suggest future directions in ALT research for the benefit of academics and language practitioners.
Evaluation of plasticity and radiopacity of elastic separators by means of traction tests and radiography

INTRODUCAO: os separadores elasticos sao amplamente usados na clinica ortodontica, em diferentes tamanhos e espessuras. Sua funcao e promover a separacao entre os dentes a serem bandados, mas, quando subgengivalmente perdidos, podem causar problemas periodontais e, em ultima instância, a extracao do dente. OBJETIVO: preocupados nao somente com a sua funcao, mas tambem com as suas propriedades, realizou-se esse trabalho experimental, que objetiva avaliar, com um enfoque clinico, a plasticidade e radiopacidade dos separadores elasticos, comumente utilizados na clinica ortodontica, por meio de testes fisicos de tracao e radiograficos. METODOS: analisou-se seis diferentes marcas de separadores elasticos, as quais foram divididas em dois grupos: separadores extrudados (American Orthodontics, GH, Morelli Azul e Morelli Verde) e separadores modulares (Abzil, Dentaurum, GAC, Morelli Modular Azul e Morelli Modular Verde). A plasticidade foi avaliada por meio de testes fisicos de tracao, alongando-se os separadores tres vezes o seu diâmetro inicial, enquanto a radiopacidade dos separadores foi avaliada por meio de tomadas radiograficas. RESULTADOS: quando alongados tres vezes o diâmetro interno (DI), os separadores extrudados American Orthodontics, GH, Morelli Azul e Morelli Verde e os modulares Dentaurum, Morelli Modular Verde e Morelli Modular Azul tiveram deformacao elastica, recuperando seu diâmetro interno. Os separadores modulares Abzil e GAC apresentaram deformacao plastica permanente. Com relacao a radiopacidade, os separadores Abzil, American Orthodontics, Dentaurum, GAC e GH apresentaram-se radiopacos. CONCLUSAO: correlacionando os resultados concernentes a plasticidade e radiopacidade, os separadores que apresentaram os resultados mais satisfatorios nos dois quesitos foram, dentre os separadores extrudados, American Orthodontics e GH, e, dentre os separadores modulares, GAC e Dentaurum.
Nonlinear Luenberger observer design via invariant manifold computation

Abstract A framework to extend Luenberger observer to nonlinear systems is proposed. The theory of invariant manifolds plays a central role in the framework. It is shown that the invariant manifolds for observer design are often non-standard ones and this makes their computations challenging. The proposed theory successfully removes the condition imposed on the system to be observed in the previous research in nonlinear Luenberger observer. Numerical examples show that the design methods proposed produce more effective observers compared with linear observers.
Single document summarization using word and sentence embeddings

Automatic document summarization has become increasingly important in the age of big data. However, traditional summarization systems have two major weaknesses: term-vector data sparsity and semantic information deficiency. In this paper, we solve these problems by adopting word and sentence embeddings, whose distributed nature enables the relation establishment between words and sentences. Experimental result shows that our models outperform two state-of-the-art graph based summarization systems. Introduction Document summarization is an automatic process of constructing a simple and coherent summary. A good summary should retain most important contents of original document and present them in shorter text as much as possible. As summary greatly shortens time of reading, it is becoming increasingly significant in the fast-growing information age. Document summarization is first introduced by Luhn[1] and have received growing interest among computational linguistics. There are two types of summarizations: abstractive summarization and extractive summarization. In this paper we focus on producing fully automated single-document extractive summary. The pioneer work of Luhn[1] simply used word frequency driven method. Each sentence is represented as a real number, which indicates howmany important words the sentence includes. Dunning[2] improved Luhn’s work by applying log-likelihood ratio test. Edmundson[3] proposed that not only important content words should be considered, but also three other features: cue words, title and heading words. His work has guided many machine learning based algorithms. Lexical chain based summarization[4] concentrates on solving the soft spot that the previous work did not pay attention to words semantic relations. The main strategy is trying to capture similarity between words using man-made lexical resources. However, all the techniques presented above suffer from their own problems. Frequency based methods rely on shallow formal clues in the text. Machine learning algorithms require human generated summaries in their training session. Lexical chain system[4] heavily rely on existing manual lexical resources such as WordNet. To address these challenges, we propose a method to combine distributed representations of words and sentences into summarization task.
Benthic copepod communities associated with tubeworm and mussel aggregations on the East Pacific Rise

Variability in the structure of the meiobenthic copepod communities was studied among three vent sites on the East Pacific Rise. One of the sites was dominated by the mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus, and the other two of the sites were dominated by the tubeworm Riftia pachyptila. In addition to the differences in the dominant megafauna, the maximum temperatures were much lower at the mussel-dominated sites, and the temperature to sulfide ratio was different between the tubeworm-dominated sites. A total of 22 vent endemic siphonostomatoid copepod species and 5 harpacticoid copepod species were identified among the three sites. Copepod abundance was low at all sites (< 1-31 ind. 10 cm -2 ). Species richness ranged from 6-14, Shannon-Wiener diversity indices from 1.3-2.3, and Pielou's evenness indices between 0.6-0.9 were found. Differences were detected in abundance and Shannon-Wiener diversity between the mussel site and one tube- worm site. Multivariate analyses pointed to a relative homogenous mussel bed community and a heterogenous tubeworm community. The majority of species were primary consumers feeding on detritus. Both copepod sexes and, for the first time, all copepodite stages were detected in the samples.
A FRAMEWORK FOR PERSONALIZATION USING QUERY LOG AND CLICKTHROUGH DATA

Personalization of a web page involves dynamically altering the contents of the web pages according to the preferences or interests of users for retrieving, appropriate information for a given query. Although many personalization algorithms have been explored, but it is still not certain whether personalization is really helpful all time on dissimilar queries for different users and under diverse searching scenarios. Most of the personalization approaches are based on the user query logs or user profiles. Personalized web search only using query logs may not be effective and not be according to a user's preferences. This paper proposes a novel framework for search result personalization based on user query log and clickthrough data. The proposed framework implements a re-ranking approach and generates personalized result with high relevancy in information retrieval. The re-ranking approach combines users search context and users browsing manners resulting in effective information retrieval. This framework derives an extended set of conceptual and relevance preferences of a user based on the extracted log and clickthrough data concepts for the search. Experiment evaluation results show that the framework and re-ranking approach is highly effective for result personalization on web search and information retrieval.
Biological, serological and molecular characteristics of two 16SrII-Crelated phytoplasma strains associated with alfalfa witches' broom disease in Yazd and Fars provinces, Iran.

Alfalfa witches’ broom (AWB) is a limiting factor for alfalfa growth and production in Iran, especially in the tropical regions of the country. AWB phytoplasma strains from two severely affected areas, Chahgeer (Abarkooh, Yazd province) and Juyom (Larestan, Fars province), were compared for main biologic, serologic and molecular characteristics. Based on disease symptoms in alfalfa farms, Chahgeer and Juyom AWB (CAWB and JAWB, respectively) strains were not differentiable. In dodder inoculated periwinkle and tomato plants JAWB phytoplasma induced stronger little leaf compared to the one induced by CAWB phytoplasma. In these experiments the two JAWB and CAWB phytoplasma strains are confirmed as vectored by different leafhopper species, Orosius albicinctus and Circulifer haematoceps respectively. Based on 16S rRNA gene and 16S-23S intergenic spacer region sequences, CAWB and JAWB were not differentiable, however no serologic relationship was observed between the two phytoplasmas in ELISA and DIBA tests using polyclonal antibodies prepared against each of them. Due to the lack of serological relationship, different insect vectors and induction of different symptoms in common host plants, CAWB and JAWB phytoplasmas should be considered as two different AWB strains both belonging to 16SrII-C subgroup.
Sentiment Analysis of Twitter’s Health Messages in Brazilian Portuguese

Objective: To present results of a sentiment classification methodology, here denominated Sentiment Descriptor Indexing (SDI), to be applied in Brazilian Portuguese Twitter’s messages related to health topics. Methods: The first step considered the construction of an algorithm that is based on the co-occurrence of Twitter terms with sentiment descriptor vocabulary known as ANEW-BR. In the second stage, an evaluation of SDI algorithm performance for messages about “cancer” of a period of three weeks was performed. The ratings were paired, to generate a performance appraisal.Results: The precision and recall values were 0.68 and 0.67, respectively. A total of 25,230 messages on the topic “cancer” with a positive feeling classification (71%) were collected. Conclusion: The contributions of this work aim to fill the lack of methods of analysis of feelings for the Portuguese Portuguese language.
Histopathology of the thymus of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch experimentally infected with Renibacterium salmoninarum.

We report on the hlstopathologlcal changes occurring In the thymus of coho salmon Oncorhynchus k~su tch expenmentally Infected with Renibactenum salrnoninarum Coho salmon were lntraperltoneally ~nfected , and the t h y m ~ were collected weekly from 1 to 7 wk post-infect~on, and processed for ultrastructural study The thymus appeared to be lnfected only In flsh collected at 6 and 7 bvk post-lnfectlon The flrst stage of the lnfectlon was characterized by the presence of a low number of bacter~a scattered In the connective tlssue of the capsule Further progression of the thymlc lnfect~on was characterized by the rupture of the capsular-thymlc barner, and by the bactenal colonlzatlon of the subcapsular and lnner zones of the parenchyma, where the bactena were located malnly In macrophages, but also apparently In pale retlcular-eplthehal cells and In thymocytes Other retlculareplthellal cells, and the vascular trabeculae, remalned free of R salmonlnarum durlng the ln i t~al stages of the lnfectlon In severely lnfected thyml necrosls of the parenchyma of the subcapsular and lnner zones and bactenal invaslon of the trabeculae occurred The lntegnty of the pharyngeal epi the l~um coverlng the thymus was not affected dunng the lnfectlon
Ethical Sensitivity in the Academic Setting

Character education programming is gaining popularity in America’s schools as one possible way to raise an intelligent and caring generation of students. However, many schools fail to allocate time, money, and resources to such initiatives. The present study examined the impact of an ethical sensitivity intervention in a religiously affiliated independent school. A selfreport Likert scale and analytic rubric were used to measure development of different sub-skills of ethical sensitivity in fourth and fifth grade students (N = 25) before and after the intervention over a two-month period. Results suggest that degree of ethical sensitivity increased over the course of the intervention. More specifically, significant growth was noted in students’ abilities to read and express emotion and control social bias, while not as much growth was detected in perspective-taking skills. In addition, written communication skills developed more over the course of the intervention than oral communication. Implications of these findings are discussed.
The Investigative Learning Process

A commitment to an investigative learning approach by"a school demands upon both teachers and pupils to adopt a different role to traditional practice. It is a more collaborative process with the teacher helping the pupil to acquire such knowledge, skills and concepts as are needed in a particular situation, rather than prescribing them through text or exercise. Moreover, the pupils are encouraged to talk to one another, discussing and sharing ideas and working as a team rather than individually.
Nanoimprint lithography - the past, the present and the future

Background: Nanoimprinting lithography technique uses a very simple concept of transferring pattern of nanoscale features from a mold to a target substrate. In the past two decades, this technique has successfully broken through the barrier of laboratory scale production and become an industrial scale production technique. The aim of this paper is to introduce to readers to the basic working principle, applications, analysis the technological limitations. It will also point out future research direction of this useful nanofabrication technique. Methods: We adopted a systematic approach to give a comprehensive review of the work principle, hardware and analysis of advantaged and disadvantages of major nanoimprint lithography techniques. Moreover, a technical comparison of these methods is carried out to provide future research direction. Results: 87 papers were reviewed. Four techniques including thermal NIL, ultraviolet light NIL, laser-assisted direct imprint and nanoelectrode lithography have been identified as main stream of NIL techniques. These techniques possess certain advantages and disadvantages in terms of cost, throughput, attainable resolution. Lack of flexibility is the common limitation of current NIL techniques. NIL has gained wide applications in the fabrication of optoelectronics devices, solar cells, memory devices, nanoscale cells, hydrophobic surfaces and bio-sensors. The potential applications of NIL in biochips, artificial organs, diagnostic system, and fundamental research in cell biology will demand large scale 3D fabrication capability with resolution towards 10nm or less. Conclusions: The findings of this review confirm that NIL is one of the most employed commercial platforms for nanofabrication which offers high throughput and cost-effectiveness. One of the disadvantages of NIL over other nanofabrication techniques is the flexibility of patterning. Integrating NIL with other existing nanofabrication techniques can be helpful to overcome such issue. The potential applications of NIL in biochips, artificial organs, diagnostic system, and fundamental research in cell biology will attract researchers to push nanoimprint lithography forward at a resolution of 10 nm or less in the future.
THE MECHANISM OF INITIATION AND MOTION OF THE RAPID AND LONG RUNOUT LANDSLIDES TRIGGERED BY THE 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE

The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered many rapid and long runout landslides, which made great loss of property and human lives directly. It is very important to understand the mechanism of initiation and motion of the rapid and long runout landslides. In this paper, field investigations on some typical landslides are introduced at first, and then the ring shear tests for simulating the initiation and motion of the Donghekou landslide are presented in details. The real seismic wave monitored in Shifang station was applied in the simulation test for the landslide initiation, while three different conditions of water content (dry, partially saturated, and fully saturated) were applied for the samples in the simulation tests to simulate landslide motion. It was found that the valley water and groundwater played a key role in the long runout and rapid landslide motion process during the great earthquake. This makes the difference for where landslide occurred but stopped soon and where landslides moved for long distance with high speed and killed many people. For the purpose of disaster mitigation, we strongly suggest that:(a) Avoid locating village in the landslide motion path, because the same event will occur in the future; (b) Avoid locating village and people on the landslide, because the landslide will deform easily with the seismic activity; (c) The attention should also be paid for landslide and debris flow during the reconstruction process for disaster mitigation in long period. Keywords: Wenchuan Earthquake, rapid and long runout landslides, ring shear tests, initiation, motion
Text–Independent Speaker Recognition Using Two–Dimensional Information Entropy

Abstract Speaker recognition is the process of automatically recognizing who is speaking on the basis of speaker specific characteristics included in the speech signal. These speaker specific characteristics are called features. Over the past decades, extensive research has been carried out on various possible speech signal features obtained from signal in time or frequency domain. The objective of this paper is to introduce two-dimensional information entropy as a new text-independent speaker recognition feature. Computations are performed in time domain with real numbers exclusively. Experimental results show that the two-dimensional information entropy is a speaker specific characteristic, useful for speaker recognition.