Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Justice Context and Changes in Fairness-Related Criteria Over Time

Research on distributive, procedural, and interactional justice has shown that individuals have strong preferences for specific fairness-related decision criteria (e.g., equity, etc.) but that the relative importance of these criteria varies as a function of social context. Students offered importance ratings of 21 justice criteria three times over a semester. Multilevel growth curve modeling showed that changes over the semester in factors of distributive justice importance were influenced by fairness perceptions of the instructor and self-interest (i.e., expected grades), but changes in factors of procedural and interactional justice importance were influenced only by fairness perceptions of the instructor. The analyses also supported the presence of procedural and interactional—but not distributive—justice contexts.
Characterisation of Gallstones Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Gallstone formation is the primary underlying disease that results in gall bladder illness. Gallstone formation in the gall bladder is a common disease and constitutes a major health problem in the world wide. Cholesterol gallstones, pigment gallstones and mixed gallstones are formed in gallbladder. The aim of the study is to determine the constituents and their compositions of gallstones using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The study reveals that cholesterol stones and mixed stones type of gallstones were predominant whereas pigment stones were less frequent in the selected region.
Efficient non‐viral transfection of adult neural stem/progenitor cells, without affecting viability, proliferation or differentiation

Neurogenesis occurs in defined areas of the adult mammalian brain, including the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Rat neural stem/progenitor cells isolated from this region retain their multipotency in vitro and in vivo after grafting into the adult brain. Molecular signalling and lineage selection in these cells may be examined using genetic manipulation. However, valid analysis requires that this manipulation should not affect cellular viability, proliferation or differentiation.
Inertial Proximal Alternating Linearized Minimization (iPALM) for Nonconvex and Nonsmooth Problems

In this paper we study nonconvex and nonsmooth optimization problems with semialgebraic data, where the variables vector is split into several blocks of variables. The problem consists of one smooth function of the entire variables vector and the sum of nonsmooth functions for each block separately. We analyze an inertial version of the proximal alternating linearized minimization algorithm and prove its global convergence to a critical point of the objective function at hand. We illustrate our theoretical findings by presenting numerical experiments on blind image deconvolution, on sparse nonnegative matrix factorization and on dictionary learning, which demonstrate the viability and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Handheld computers in clinical practice:Are useful in informing and educating patients…

EDITOR—Handheld computers have a use in clinical medicine that was not included in the review by Al-Ubaydli1: they can be adapted to provide patients with useful information and educational material. We use colour images held on a personal digital assistant (PDA) during consultations to help patients learn more about their clinical diagnosis and understand the proposed management. We have a library of images, of the normal …
The hippo pathway in biological control and cancer development

The Hippo pathway is an evolutionally conserved protein kinase cascade involved in regulating organ size in vivo and cell contact inhibition in vitro by governing cell proliferation and apoptosis. Deregulation of the Hippo pathway is linked to cancer development. Its first core kinase Warts was identified in Drosophila more than 15 years ago, but it gained much attention when other core components of the pathway were identified 8 years later. Major discoveries of the pathway were made during past several years. The core kinase components Hippo, Salvador, Warts, and Mats in the fly and Mst1/2, WW45, Lats1/2, and Mob1 in mammals phosphorylate and inactivate downstream transcriptional co‐activators Yorkie in the fly, Yes‐associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co‐activator with PDZ‐binding motif (TAZ) in mammals, respectively. Phosphorylated Yorkie, YAP, and TAZ are sequestered in the cytoplasm by interaction with 14‐3‐3 proteins. Here we review recent progresses of this pathway by focusing on how these proteins communicate with each other and how loss of regulation results in cancers. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 928–939, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isoprostanes and other markers of peroxidation in atherosclerosis

Abstract Several lines of evidence suggest that reactive oxygen species play a role in the development of vasculopathies, including those that define atherosclerosis, hypertension and restenosis after angioplasty. Confused picture emerging from prospective clinical trials of anti-oxidants may reflect inadequacy of traditional indices of lipid peroxidation in the recruitment of appropriate patients and in guiding the selection of the appropriate dose of anti-oxidant to be tested. Ex vivo indices of oxidant stress could have questionable veracity in assessing the actual rate of lipid peroxidation in vivo. The measurement of F2-isoprostanes (F2-iPs), formed non-enzimatically through free radical catalysed attack on esterified arachidonate, provides a reliable tool for identifyng populations with enhanced rates of lipid peroxidation. Enhanced formation of F2-iPs, together with increased in vivo platelet activation, has been reported in association with several cardiovascular risk factors. Thus, it has been suggested that F2-iPs may transduce oxidant stress-dependent platelet activation. Measurements of 8-iso-PGF2α, an abundant F2-iP formed in vivo, in urine may provide sensitive biochemical end-points for the assessment of the oxidant status of the patient and the true efficacy of anti-oxidant therapies. The incorporation of such biochemical end-points in clinical trials may help to verify the reliability of the oxidative modification hypothesis in the development of atheroscelerosis.
Spoilage patterns of skim and whole milks

The reason for the reported difference in spoilage behaviour of skim and whole pasteurised milks was investigated. The rates of growth of psychrotrophic bacteria were not significantly different in the two milks and the bacterial types, all pseudomonads, present at spoilage were also similar. However, when representative spoilage organisms were cultured into freshly pasteurised skim and whole milks, skim milks exhibited predominantly bitter flavours while whole milk showed mostly sour flavours. The different spoilage behaviours can be largely explained by greater proteolysis in skim milk than in whole milk, caused by higher production of protease and greater susceptibility of the protein to protease attack. In addition, lipolysis in whole milk, caused by the substantial quantities of lipase produced by spoilage pseudomonads in this milk, also contributes to the different flavours produced during cold storage of these milk types.
FORCES GENERATED BY THE JAWS OF CLYPEASTEROIDS (ECHINODERMATA: ECHINOIDEA)

Aristotle' lantern acts like a five-toothed ‘vice grip. ’ Contraction of the interpyramidal muscles creates tangential stresses that are converted to radial forces along the teeth. Two mechanical models are proposed to explain this conversion. In the first, the lantern is regarded as a thick-walled cylinder resisting internal pressure; in the second, it is treated as a cluster of wedges. The two models differ primarily in the allowance of radial forces within the muscle in the cylinder and their exclusion in the wedge model. Maximum muscle stress required for a given force along the teeth depends on the ratio of external to internal lantern radii ( r o/ r i). Maximal force requires that ( r o/ r i) should be greater than 2, which is the case in Clypeaster rosaceus (L.). The models allow calculation of a dimensionless number, F , which scales the force exerted by the teeth for changes in lantern size and the number of pyramids. Biting force was measured in C. rosaceus and used to calculate the muscle stress required by the mechanical models. For the thick-walled cylinder, maximum interpyramidal muscle stress was calculated to be 2.8×106N m−2. For the wedge model it was 1.9×105N m−2. The models were supported by comparison of predicted with observed biting forces in another clypeasteroid, Encope michelini L. Agassiz.
Applied Multivariate Analysis

“look ahead” from the current observation to the next one, without actually processing it, by using multiple SET statements and the FIRSTOBS option. Unfortunately, the clinical study relegates the PROC FORMAT statements to the appendix. Because the author does not stress that this information is pertinent to the discussion, it might be overlooked. By altering the previous convention of putting everything needed within the chapter, the reader who unwittingly bypasses the appendix references could easily become confused. The ozone study introduces the INTCK function to simplify time and date processing and the MOD function to create group indexes. The library study uses the _TYPE_ variable to conveniently generate categories for PROC CHART and introduces the attractive tabular output format of PROC TABULATE. Chapter 12 “Useful Macros,” the crown jewel of the book, provides a summation of all of the functions, detailing their execution as compact macros code. It illustrates automatic differencing between successive observations and uses the %SYSFUNC and TRANWRD functions to automate variable pre xing and suf xing. I highly recommend this book to its target audience of SAS programmers and data analysts. It speaks to all levels of programming ability.
Improving Skewness of Mean-Variance Portfolios

Abstract The widely accepted belief that asset returns and insurance product line margins are not normally distributed has motivated the use of skewness (or higher than second-order moments) in the context of optimal risk-reward portfolio allocation. Here we propose an optimization-based methodology to substantially improve the skewness of portfolios in the mean-variance efficient frontier. Unlike other related methods, the proposed methodology is very intuitive, noniterative, and simple to implement, and it can be readily and efficiently carried out using state-of-the-art optimization solvers. These characteristics should be very appealing to risk managers.
Understanding Homeless Adults by Testing the Theory of Self-Care

This article explicates, within a sample of homeless adults, the relationship between self-care agency, self-care, and well-being, while controlling for select basic conditioning factors. Self-care is found to explain 30% of the variance in current well-being. Self-esteem and affect balance, along with the power components of self-care agency, are found to explain 25% of the variance in self-care and, together with select basic conditioning factors, to explain 54% of its variance. Affect is proposed as an energy disposition, a dimension of self-care agency. Recommendations are made to strengthen the homeless individual’s self-care agency.
On testing of MEDA based digital microfluidics biochips

Recent years have seen rapid progress in using digital microfluidics based biochips for biomedical assays. The testing and reliability of these biochips is crucial when they are used in point-of-care diagnostics applications. As the scalability and complexity of biomedical assays increases, there is a need for efficient testing methodologies to ensure reliability of these biochips. The conventional testing methodologies will not be sufficient for the recently proposed and highly scalable Micro-electrode-dot array (MEDA) architecture based digital microfluidics. This is because of the advanced fluidic movement operations incorporated in the MEDA architecture. This paper investigates the testing methodologies for conventional digital microfluidics based biochips and their relevancy to the MEDA architecture based digital microfluidics biochips.
Optimization of dynamic vibration absorbers placed on the tunnel interior surface to mitigate underground railway-induced vibration

In the present study, dynamic vibration absorber (DVA) has been introduced as an innovative countermeasure in the field of railway-induced vibration. The Pipe-in-Pipe (PiP) model and Green's functions for a two-and-a-half dimensional (2.5D) elastodynamic problem in a full- and half-space have been employed to find the response of the tunnel embedded in a homogeneous half-space due to a harmonic load. DVAs have been coupled to the tunnel interior surface. The effectiveness of DVAs depends on the mass, damping ratio, natural frequency and their distribution. Therefore, an optimization algorithm has been developed to find the optimum parameters of the DVAs, which are those that minimize the vibration levels at the ground surface. Evaluating the efficiency of the optimal DVAs shows that they are an efficient countermeasure to mitigate underground railway-induced vibration.
An important base triple anchors the substrate helix recognition surface within the Tetrahymena ribozyme active site.

Key to understanding the structural biology of catalytic RNA is determining the underlying networks of interactions that stabilize RNA folding, substrate binding, and catalysis. Here we demonstrate the existence and functional importance of a Hoogsteen base triple (U300.A97-U277), which anchors the substrate helix recognition surface within the Tetrahymena group I ribozyme active site. Nucleotide analog interference suppression analysis of the interacting functional groups shows that the U300.A97-U277 triple forms part of a network of hydrogen bonds that connect the P3 helix, the J8/7 strand, and the P1 substrate helix. Product binding and substrate cleavage kinetics experiments performed on mutant ribozymes that lack this base triple (C A-U, U G-C) or replace it with the isomorphous C(+). G-C triple show that the A97 Hoogsteen triple contributes to the stabilization of both substrate helix docking and the conformation of the ribozyme's active site. The U300. A97-U277 base triple is not formed in the recently reported crystallographic model of a portion of the group I intron, despite the presence of J8/7 and P3 in the RNA construct [Golden, B. L. , Gooding, A. R. , Podell, E. R. & Cech, T. R. (1998) Science 282, 259-264]. This, along with other biochemical evidence, suggests that the active site in the crystallized form of the ribozyme is not fully preorganized and that substantial rearrangement may be required for substrate helix docking and catalysis.
Braille code display device with a PDMS membrane and thermopneumatic actuator

The Braille code display device with a PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) membrane and thermopneumatic actuator is fabricated and tested. One dot (pixel) whose dimension is 3 mm x 3 mm among six dots in the Braille code is fabricated by using RIE (reactive ion etching), chemical wet etching, and E-beam evaporating. When applied input voltage is under 6 VPP, the deflections of the membranes occur under the thickness of the silicon substrate. On the other hand, when 8 Vpp and 10 Vpp are applied at 40 mum and 110 mum thickness membranes, the deflections happen about 1 mm, 0.4 mm, 1. 3 mm, and 1.4 mm over the substrate, respectively. The deflection of fabricated device is accomplished over 2 times larger than 600 mum standard height designated by Korea Blind Union.
Fast Time-Domain Analysis of a Metallic Enclosure With Arbitrary-Shaped Apertures by Marching-on-in-Degree

In this paper, an efficient time-domain technique is introduced for transient analysis of a rectangular metallic enclosure with arbitrary-shaped apertures. The surface equivalent theorem is applied to divide the problem into two separated regions. Then, assuming the magnetic current density on the apertures surface as the unknown of the problem, the governing mixed potential integral equation (MPIE) is derived. Here, to solve the resultant MPIE, we use a marching-on-in-degree (MOD) scheme with the weighted Laguerre polynomials as the entire-domain temporal basis functions. As well, in order to treat the arbitrary-shaped apertures, Rao–Wilton–Glisson spatial basis function is applied. In addition, to improve the efficiency of the proposed method, we apply some accelerating techniques that make the developed MOD method more efficient than the well-known Computer Simulation Technology finite integration technique, even for highly resonating enclosures.
Stability of affect associated with autobiographical memories

Childhood family atmosphere is a frequent topic in psychotherapy. Our aim was to assess the stability of affect associated with autobiographical memories. In a 7-year follow-up study of depression, 414 primary care patients and psychiatric outpatients both at baseline and at follow-up completed the self-inquiry Depression Scale (DEPS) and answered simple questions about the mental atmosphere in their childhood families. The prevalence and the distribution of changes in affect were calculated by cross-tabulation. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations between depressiveness and changes in affect. Nearly 50% of the sample had at least one change in the responses. Young age and male gender were significant predictors for changes. Depressiveness was associated with changes in miserable affect of the childhood home. Affect associated with autobiographical memories seems to change over a longer period. The association between depressiveness and changes in recollections is convoluted. The large number of changes of affects concerning autobiographical memories should be taken into account both in psychotherapy and in studies of life-long experiences. Future long follow-up studies with more specific multi-item measures on family atmosphere are needed.
Registration between respiratory-gated PET/CT and high-resolution CT with XCAT simulations: Evaluation and optimization for subsequent PVC

Registration of a high-resolution CT (HRCT) to a low-resolution PET has been shown to enable enhanced PET image quality. The CT can be used as prior information for partial volume correction (PVC) during reconstruction, provided that it is accurately registered to the PET dataset of interest. By means of simulations using an XCAT phantom, this work analyzes the impact of different attenuation correction protocols on HRCT to PET registration. The focus of this work is on cardiac images with only respiratory motion taken into account, with the aim of optimally aligning the left-ventricular region in PET and HRCT. Shallow breathing was simulated and so far only noise-less data were evaluated. Also, a comparison to registration results from a deep breathing phantom has been performed. As expected, results speak in favour of using an ideal, perfectly matching attenuation correction map (ACM). However, when using an average or a single respiratory phase ACM accurate alignment can still be achieved. Registration of non-attenuation-corrected images requires further investigation, as it seems to be strongly dependent on the initial alignment of PET and CT.
Research on method for adding new friends to instant messaging system based on SIP in quantum communication network

Quantum communication is a new interdisciplinary branch of science which has been developing during the past two decades, which is a new research field combining quantum theory and information theory. Quantum communication is characterized by some features such as being highly efficient and absolutely safe, which is now a hot research area in quantum physics and information science around the world. In the paper, the solution for adding new friends list to instant messaging system based on SIP protocol is put forward through modifying SIP source code and configuration files as well as uploading friends list by utilizing curl command in quantum communication network.
Theoretical and experimental study of second-order distortions in CATV DFB laser diodes

Calculation of linearity performances of a given DFB laser is a well-known problem when working with CATV AM-VSB optical links. In this paper, a nonlinear model of the DFB laser is presented. The bias and frequency dependence of second order intermodulation distortion is analyzed by combining Volterra models of the laser leakage current and rate equations. The prediction of the model is then compared to distortion measurements with a maximum discrepancy of around 1.5 dB. <<ETX>>
Analysis of Salmon Calcitonin I in the Ultimobranchial Gland and Gill Filaments during Development of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, by in situ Hybridization and Immunohistochemical Staining

Abstract We have cloned two distinct cDNAs encoding salmon-type calcitonin (sCT)-I cDNAs from the ultimobranchial gland of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Both cDNAs were predicted to encode nearly identical sCT-I precursors which consisted of an N-terminal peptide of 80 amino acid residues, a putative cleavage site Lys-Arg, sCT-I, a cleavage and amidation sequence Gly-Lys-Lys-Arg, and a C-terminal peptide of 18 amino acids. Development of sCT-I-expressing cells was then examined by employing conventional histochemical staining, in situ hybridization with a specific cRNA probe, and further immunohistochemistry. The primordium of the ultimobranchial gland was first identified, as two cell masses, in the region between the alimentary canal and sinus venosus behind the heart 17 days postfertilization (dpf; 14°C). However, expression of sCT-I mRNA could not be detected in this gland until one day later, and appeared at 18 dpf. sCT-I immunoreactivity was first observed at 19 dpf (two days before hatching), and the ultimobranchial gland began to assume a follicular structure at 20 dpf (one days before hatching). As ontogeny proceeded, the sCT-I-immunoreactive cells increased in both number and stainability. The sCTI mRNA was also expressed on the developing gill filaments, but immunoreactive sCT-I was not detected in these sites. These results provide basic data for further research on the organogenesis of the trout ultimobranchial gland.
Critical Review Therapy for Lysosomal Storage Disorders

In the last years, much progress has been achieved in the field of lysosomal storage disorders. In the past, no specific treatment was available for the affected patients; management mainly consisted of supportive care and treatment of complications. As orphan drug regulations, however, encouraged development of drugs for these disorders by granting marketing exclusivity for 10 years and other commercial benefits, enzyme replacement therapy became available for lysosomal storage disorders, such as Gaucher disease, Fabry disease, mucopolysaccharidoses type I, II, and VI, and Pompe disease. This review will summarize the efficacy and clinical status of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, enzyme replacement, and substrate deprivation therapy, and describe new therapeutic perspectives currently under preclinical investigations such as chaperone-mediated therapy, stop-codon read-through therapy, and gene therapy. 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(1): 33–40, 2010
On blind identification of S.I.M.O. time-varying channels using second-order statistics

Blind estimation of SIMO (single-input multiple-output) rapidly time-varying communications channels is considered using only the second-order statistics of the data. The time-varying channel is assumed to be described by a complex exponential basis expansion model (CE-BEM). The linear prediction error method for blind estimation of time-invariant channels is extended to time-varying channels represented by a CE-BEM. Sufficient conditions for identifiability/equalizability are investigated. The cyclostationary nature of the received signal is exploited to consistently estimate the time-varying correlation function of the data from a single observation record. A simulation example is presented to illustrate the proposed approach.