Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Doubling Time and Its Interpretation for COVID-19 Cases: A Comparative Study in Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation, Pune, Maharashtra, India

Background: COVID-19, also known as Novel Corona Virus, causes respiratory disorder in humans and has been declared as a global pandemic in the first quarter of the year 2020 by the World Health Organization. As this pandemic persists the second, third and fourth quarters had shown variation in COVID-19 cases. In the first quarter of the year 2021 again there seems to be a rise in cases of COVID-19. So, a comparative analysis from March 2020 – April 2021 of COVID-19 cases has been studied. Methodology: An exponential statistical model was used to calculate the predicted value of COVID-19 using doubling time for a short duration. The cases of COVID-19 were predicted from 10th April 2021 to 10th June 2021 using doubling time and exponential regression method. Results: The distribution of cases showed a curve-linear trend over the last one year. We explored various models like exponential, logarithmic (lo-linear), linear, quadratic, and generalized linear model (GLM) to fit into the observed distribution of cases. Since the distribution of cases was perfectly following a linear trend in each of the four segments, we applied a linear regression model to observed distribution and then predicted the anticipated no. of cases by extending this linear trend to a future period (120 day). With the help of the exponential statistical model, doubling time/rate based on prior 9 days, the predictions of up to 2.61 lakhs cases have been done by the end of June 2021. Conclusion: This study will be useful for the Government of India and Maharashtra state-specific to Pimpri- Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC), Administrative Units, Frontline health workforce, researchers, and scientists. From this study it has been evident that during the pre-lockdown period, in the initial stages there seems to be rise in cases. While, during lockdown period it was observed that there was relatively decrease in the number of cases. After the government authorities imposed the unlock strategies the cases began to rise as compared to the lockdown period. Thus, it appears that only essential services should be open for the citizens of India and the state lockdown should be carried on for the next 3 months (April 2021 - June 2021).
Documentation-based functional constraint generation for library methods

Although software libraries promote code reuse and facilitate software development, they increase the complexity of programme analysis tasks. To effectively analyse programmes built on top of software libraries, it is essential to have specifications for the library methods that can be easily processed by analysis tools. However, the availability of such specifications is seriously limited at the moment. Manually writing the specifications can be prohibitively expensive and error-prone, while existing automated approaches to inferring the specifications seldom produce results that are strong enough to be used in programme analysis. In this work, we propose the DOC2SMT approach to generating strong functional constraints in SMT for library methods based on their documentations. DOC2SMT first applies natural language processing (NLP) techniques and a set of rules to translate a method's natural language documentation into a large number of candidate constraint clauses in OCL. Then, it utilises a manually enhanced domain model to identify OCL candidate constraint clauses that comply with the problem domain in static validation, translates well-formed OCL constraints into the SMT-LIB format, and checks whether each 5MB-LIB constraint rightly abstracts the functionalities of the method under consideration via testing in dynamic validation. In the end, it reports the first functional constraint that survives both validations to the user as the result. We have implemented the approach into a supporting tool with the same name. In experiments conducted on 451 methods from the Java Collections Framework and the Java IO library, DOC2SMT generated correct constraints for 309 methods, with the average generation time for each correct constraint being merely 2.7 min. We have also applied the generated constraints to facilitate symbolic-execution-based test generation with the Symbolic Java PathFinder (SPF) tool. For 24 utility methods manipulating Java container and IO objects, SPF with access to the generated constraints produced 51.2 times more test cases than SPF without the access.
“The Talk” and Parenting While Black in America: Centering Race, Resistance, and Refuge

“The Talk” refers to a specific type of racial socialization message that many Black parents have with their children about how to safely conduct themselves when interacting with police officers and other individuals in positions of power. With the recent increased exposure of racialized violence against Black people at the hands of police and vigilantes in the United States, many parents of young Black children now feel especially compelled to initiate these conversations to equip their children with the necessary knowledge to protect themselves when interacting with police officers. Black parents bear the unjust burden of striking a balance between alerting their children of possible harm while also not villainizing every member of law enforcement their child may encounter. This qualitative study examines “the Talk” occurring between 45 Black American parents and their young school-age children via observational methods. Findings of this study help to illuminate this critically important experience that characterizes Black familial processes and particularly the plight of parents socializing Black children. Implications for parent education and clinical interventions are also provided.
Methodological Challenges in Estimating the Lifetime Medical Care Cost Externality of Obesity

Abstract There is a great deal of variability in estimates of the lifetime medical care cost externality of obesity, partly due to a lack of transparency in the methodology behind these cost models. Several important factors must be considered in producing the best possible estimate, including age-related weight gain, differential life expectancy, identifiability, and cost model selection. In particular, age-related weight gain represents an important new component to recent cost estimates. Without accounting for age-related weight gain, a study relies on the untenable assumption that people remain the same weight throughout their lives, leading to a fundamental misunderstanding of the evolution and development of the obesity crisis. This study seeks to inform future researchers on the best methods and data available both to estimate age-related weight gain and to accurately and consistently estimate obesity’s lifetime external medical care costs. This should help both to create a more standardized approach to cost estimation as well as encourage more transparency between all parties interested in the question of obesity’s lifetime cost and, ultimately, evaluating the benefits and costs of interventions targeting obesity at various points in the life course.
Leadership-promoted diversity climate and group identification

PurposeBesides diversity's positive effects, groups of “we” against “them” may form in accordance with social categorization theory, showing diversity's negative consequences. The authors aim to reconcile these results and examine their boundary conditions.Design/methodology/approachThe authors studied 584 working professionals from five contexts (transnational companies dealing with multicultural interactions) and analyzed data using moderated-mediation procedures.FindingsA leader-promoting diversity climate plays a crucial role in moderating the negative relationship between perceived dissimilarity and group identification, which is mediated by value dissimilarity.Originality/valueThis study mainly contributes by treating dissimilarity as a multicomponent construct, emphasizing the crucial differences embodied in various conceptualizations of dissimilarity – namely visible and value dissimilarity. For dissimilarity to result in group identification, the results highlight leaders' crucial role, beyond that of organizations and individuals, in stimulating a diversity-embracing climate in work units.
#Quiltsforpulse: connected and shared socio-political activism through craftivism

ABSTRACT Aligning crafts and activism, craftivism provides a useful context to study the processes of collective socio-political activism. Crafts allow us to reclaim the ability to care for others as a method of activism, which stands in contrast to the vitriolic expression that pervades contemporary online-offline political discourse. Building on connected learning, this qualitative study analyzes the #quiltsforpulse movement, a response to the 2016 mass shooting at a gay bar in Orlando that distributed over 1,700 handcrafted quilts to survivors, families, and first responders. We study the craftivist connections and shared practices of #quiltsforpulse and one implementation of the movement that produced material responses to violence. Findings broaden our understanding of connected learning by introducing how materials produced multifaceted connections and shared practices in the collective expression of care and compassion. We present implications for designing connected learning opportunities toward socio-political activism.
Government Consulting Program to Encourage Knowledge Sharing between Nonprofit Social Service Agencies in South Korea

Abstract Nonprofit social service agencies in South Korea have dramatically improved their service quality in the last few decades. However, with increasing competition among nonprofit social service agencies, quality differences among nonprofits have remained unresolved and in many cases increased. The Korean government has implemented the Quality Management Program to decrease disparities among nonprofit social service agencies. This study explores the impact the consulting program has on high and low performing agencies and provides insight into knowledge sharing. This exploratory qualitative study is comprised of semi-structured interviews with 18 leaders from high and 4 leaders from low-performing nonprofit social service. The results showed that the program fosters mutual growth between high and low-performing agencies and improves the evaluation results of the low-performing agencies. Leaders of low performing agencies indicated that consulting was helpful but participating in the mandatary program was shameful. Structural barriers at the low performing agencies, limited time-frames, and non-voluntary participation were found to be limitations in improving consulting outcomes. Addressing these limitations would facilitate the development of a voluntary knowledge sharing culture among nonprofit agencies. This article discusses the limitations and implications for future research and practice in developing knowledge in social work.
Quantitative multilayered assessment of skin lightening by photoacoustic microscopy.

Background With the emergence of various new skin-lightening products, there is an urgent need to scientifically evaluate the efficacy and toxicology of these products, and provide scientific guidance for their use based on physiological differences between individuals. Visualized imaging methods and quantitative evaluation criteria play key roles in evaluating the efficacy of skin-lightening products. In order to quantify the changes in the multilayered morphology and endogenous components of human skin before and after the use of lightening products, high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging of human skin is required. Methods In this study, photoacoustic microscopy (PAM; SSPM-532, Guangdong Photoacoustic Medical Technology Co., Ltd.) was used to capture the morphological structures of human skin and reveal skin components quantitatively. The efficacy and safety of skin-lightening products were evaluated by measuring skin melanin concentration and observing skin morphology. The melanin concentration in the epidermis was obtained by examining the linear relationship between photoacoustic (PA) signals. Further, the epidermal thickness and the melanin distribution were obtained in the cross-sectional (x-z) and lateral (x-y) images. Finally, the efficacy of skin-lightening products was evaluated according to the concentration and distribution of melanin in the epidermis, and the safety of cosmetics was assessed by observing the vascular morphology in the dermis. Results PAM noninvasively could assess the multilayered morphological structures of human skin, which allowed for quantification of epidermal thickness and melanin concentration of different skin sites. Based on this, the efficacy and safety of skin-lightening products in multilayer structures were quantitatively evaluated. Conclusions As a quantitative imaging method, PAM, has the potential to accurately evaluate the use of skin-lightening products. The method can also be extended to assessments within the larger field of aesthetic medicine.
Measurement report: Vehicle-based and In Situ Multi-lidar Observational Study on the Effect of Meteorological Elements on the Three-dimensional Distribution of Particles in the Western Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area

Abstract. The distribution of meteorological elements has always been an important factor in determining the horizontal and vertical distribution of particles in the atmosphere. To study the effect of meteorological elements on the three-dimensional distribution structure of particles, mobile vehicle lidar observations, and in situ observations were presented in the western Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area of China during September and October of 2019 and 2020. Vertical aerosol extinction coefficient, depolarization ratio, wind and temperature profiles were measured by using a micro pulse lidar, a Raman scattering lidar, and a Doppler wind profile lidar installed on a mobile monitoring vehicle. The mechanism of how wind and temperature in the boundary layer affects the horizontal and vertical distribution of particles was analyzed. The result showed that particles were mostly distributed in downstream areas on days with moderate wind speed in the boundary layer, while they presented homogeneously on days with weaker wind. There are three typical types of vertical distribution of particles in the western Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA): surface single layer, elevated single layer, and double layer. Analysis of wind profiles and Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model (HYSPLIT) backward trajectory revealed different sources of particles for the three types. Particles concentrated near the temperature inversion and multiple inversions could cause more than one peak in the extinction coefficient profile. There are two mechanisms that affected the distribution of particulate matter in the upper and lower boundary layers. Based on observational study, a general model of meteorological elements affecting the vertical distribution of urban particulate matter was made.
Innovation of Government Research and Development Institution Based on Knowledge Management and Information Technology (Case Study on the Government Policy-Making Research and Development Institution)

This study investigates and analyzes knowledge-management-based innovation in developing knowledge sharing and absorbing and the role of Information-Technology-based innovation in supporting knowledge management. It is now a demand that institutions prioritize on creating innovation. Organizations that are able to compete can learn and be creative, which is only possible if the knowledge sharing within the institution is carried out properly. This is also the case for R&D institutions that must make innova-tions based on knowledge management and information technology. This is a single case study qualitative analysis. Based on criteria, four in-formants were selected as sources. They were interviewed guided by a list of open-ended questions. The results of this case study provide information on the aspects that are needed to support innovation in government R&D institutions. They also fill the gap in research on knowledge management. Inovation based on knowledge management processes in developing activ-ities to share and absorb knowledge in government R&D institutions has been running and has produced several innovations. IT has been utilized to share and absorb knowledge and it is a requirement for a functional official researcher, but there is still limited availability of computers.
The Family Relationships as a Sociolinguistic Marker in the Etiquette Speech of the Aristocracy in the XIX TH Century (Anglo-Russian Parallels)

The present study is devoted to the sociolinguistic aspect of speech etiquette, illustrated by the description, analysis and comparison of the etiquette speech of the Russian nobility and the English aristocracy in the nineteenth century. The research is carried out in line with sociolinguistics. The sociolinguistic approach allows speech to be considered as a system of social signs, determining the personality, of the communicants and reveal the social aspects of the phenomenon of speech of the aristocracy. We focus our attention on the family relationships as a sociolinguistic marker in the etiquette speech of the aristocracy in the XIX th century and its role and influence on the usage of speech etiquette formulas, because the individual's belonging to a certain social class, his origin, and the environment where one lives, affects his speech; it is focused on the social marker family relations as a regulator in the usage of etiquette forms of the address. The relevance of the subject is determined by the importance of language not only as a complex system but also as a social phenomenon, serving the needs of society; providing communication of this society. And in particular, the family as a platform for collecting empirical material for sociolinguistic study, and object for studying the mutual influences between the speech constants of family members, proving and such a way the importance of etiquette in the communication as a component of the communicative activity of the individual The empirical material of the study is excerpted from the significant works of fiction in the English and Russian art literature.
Study on Citric Acid Production and Antibacterial Activity of Kombucha Green Tea Beverage during Production and Storage

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the amount of citric acid production and antibacterial activity of Kombucha green tea during its production and storage. Study Design: Experimental study. Methodology: The amount of citric acid at two temperatures of 20°C and 30°C was determined using the HPLC technique during 21 days. To survey the antibacterial effect of Kombucha on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus , Salmonella typhimurium and Lactobacillus rhamnosus bacteria, two processes of well and the disc were used. Results: Production of citric acid undergone a change at 20°C from 5.92 on day 1 to approximately 31.75 on day 21, and this difference was significant. Additionally, the amount of this organic acid at 30°C changed from 5.57 on day 1 to 15.43 on day 21. The amount of citric acid produced during storage at 20°C was significantly greater than that at 30°C (p<0.05) . In the well method, for Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium at both temperatures of 20°C and 30°C, the diameter of the formed halo between different days was significantly different (p<0.05) . In the disc method, for Staphylococcus aureus at 20°C and 30°C the halo diameter in all experimental days were significantly greater (p<0.05) than day 1. For Lactobacillus rhamnosus bacteria, no halo was formed around the discs and wells. Conclusion: By time increase, the pH decreased the amount of citric acid increased, and the halo diameter around the well and disk (in all positive cases) increased.
Flow-Based Programming for Machine Learning

Machine Learning (ML) has gained prominence and has tremendous applications in fields like medicine, biology, geography and astrophysics, to name a few. Arguably, in such areas it is used by domain experts, who are not necessarily skilled-programmers. Thus, it presents a steep learning curve for such domain experts in programming ML applications. To overcome this and foster widespread adoption of ML techniques, we propose to equip them with domain-specific graphical tools. Such tools, based on the principles of flow-based programming paradigm, would support the graphical composition of ML applications at a higher level of abstraction and auto-generation of target code. Accordingly, (i) we have modelled ML algorithms as composable components; (ii) described an approach to parse a flow created by connecting several such composable components and use an API-based code generation technique to generate the ML application. To demonstrate the feasibility of our conceptual approach, we have modelled the APIs of Apache Spark ML as composable components and validated it in three use-cases. The use-cases are designed to capture the ease of program specification at a higher abstraction level, easy parametrisation of ML APIs, auto-generation of the ML application and auto-validation of the generated model for better prediction accuracy.
Cold Plasma Synthesis and Testing of NiOX-Based Thin-Film Catalysts for CO2 Methanation

An essential problem in managing CO2 and transforming it into methane as a useful fuel is the quest for adequately efficient and cheap catalysts. Another condition is imposed by the new designs of structured reactors, which require catalysts in the form of the thinnest possible films. The aim of this work was to produce Ni-based thin-film catalysts by the cold plasma deposition method (PECVD) from a volatile metal complex (Ni(CO)4) and to study their structure and catalytic properties in the CO2 methanation process. We tested three basic types of films: as-deposited, calcined in Ar, and calcined in air. The nanostructure and molecular structure of the films were investigated by electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The catalytic activity was evaluated in the methanation process (CO2 + H2), which was performed in a tubular reactor operating in the temperature range of 300–400 °C. The films calcined in air showed the highest activity in this process but behaved unstably. However, their regeneration by recalcination in air restored the initial catalytic activity. An important conclusion emerged from the obtained results, namely that the active phase in the tested films is Ni3+ (most likely in the form of Ni2O3), contrary to the common opinion that this phase is metallic Ni0. In our case, Ni0 quenches the catalytic activity.