Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LONG-RUN NEUTRALITY CONTROVERSY IN A DEVELOPING ECONOMY: THE NIGERIAN EXAMPLE.

This paper uses post independence quarterly data to examine the validity of two long-run neutrality Propositions in Nigeria. over all, there is qualified evidence that suggests the existence of long-run monetary neutrality and evidence that refutes the existence of the long-run fisher relation between prices and interest rates. The evidence on long-run monetary neutrality is qualified because it holds under the assumptions of contemporaneous money exogniety and contemporaneous monetary neutrality. As a consequence, our results inform our deductions about the ineffectiveness of the monetarist anti-inflationary, prescriptions for managing the macroeconomy of a developing country like Nigeria. Pursuing a synchronized and coordinated fiscal monetary policies framework
Half Quadratic Regularization Model for Image Restoration

Image restoration easily smears image edge in unsteady area and produces stair effect in steady area. In order to overcome these shortcomings, the paper proposes a halfquadratic energy functional regularization model (EFRM) and structured Newton iterative algorithm. Firstly, for blurred image by system and Gaussian noise, fitting term is described by L2 norm, regularization term is described by half-quadratic function, which can accurately describe image singular property, and the fitting term and regularization term constitute image restoration EFRM. Secondly, resort to Fenchel transform, by introducing auxiliary variables, the primal EFRM is converted into augmented image restoration EFRM. Finally, take advantage of preconditioned theory, Hessian matrix of the transformed model is structured, a new Newton project iterative algorithm is proposed. Comparing to several state-of-art approaches, numerical experiment results show that the proposed EFRM can effectively protect image edge and reduce stair effect, and show better visual effect and higher peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR).
Comparative proteomics analysis revealed increased expression of photosynthetic proteins in transgenic tobacco by overexpression of AtCBF1 gene

CRT/DRE Binding Factor 1 (CBF1) overexpression enhanced freezing tolerance in Nicotiana tabacum. To unravel the proteomics changes caused by the ectopic overexpression of AtCBF1 genes, we utilized 2-DE along with MALDI-TOF-MS and LC ESI-MS/MS to study the proteome profiles. We also tried to identify the proteins that significantly change in abundance in the AtCBF1 transgenic tobacco compared to wild type plant. Totally, 68 proteins were up-regulated in AtCBF1 transgenic tobacco, while 150 were down-regulated when the plants were cultured at room temperature. Sixteen up-regulated proteins were successfully identified and functionally annotated. These proteins mainly fell into 4 categories, including photosynthetic proteins, metabolic proteins, stress related proteins and chaperons. In all identified proteins, the photosynthetic proteins were the major category, suggesting AtCBF1 overexpression has substantial positive effects on photosynthesis system. The chlorophyll a and b content were substantially increased by 20% and 40% in transgenic tobacco than in wild type plant, respectively. These data suggested that AtCBF1 ectopic overexpression protected tobacco photosynthetic system under cold stress, which contributes the cold tolerance of this non-cold acclimation plant.
Protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial evaluating feasibility and acceptability of cognitive remediation group therapy compared with mutual aid group therapy for people ageing with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) in Toronto, Canada

Introduction HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) may affect 30%–50% of people ageing with HIV. HAND may increase stress and anxiety, and impede coping. Psychosocial group therapy may ameliorate HAND’s symptoms, yet the ideal intervention is unclear. This protocol outlines a pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT)—designed using community-based participatory research—to pilot cognitive remediation group therapy (CRGT) against an active comparator. Methods and analysis This is a pilot, parallel design, two-arm RCT that will recruit participants diagnosed with the mild neurocognitive disorder form of HAND from a neurobehavioural research unit at a tertiary care hospital in Toronto, Canada. Eligibility criteria include age ≥40 years, known HIV status for 5+ years, English fluency, able to consent and able to attend 8 weeks of group therapy. Eligible participants will be randomised to one of two treatment arms, each consisting of eight-session group interventions delivered once weekly at 3 hours per session. Arm 1 (novel) is CRGT, combining mindfulness-based stress reduction with brain training activities. Arm 2 (active control) is mutual aid group therapy. The primary outcomes are feasibility, measured by proportions of recruitment and completion, and acceptability, determined by a satisfaction questionnaire. The secondary outcome is intervention fidelity, where content analysis will be used to assess facilitator session reports. A between-group analysis will be conducted on exploratory outcomes of stress, anxiety, coping and use of intervention activities that will be collected at three time points. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Boards of St. Michael’s Hospital and the University of Toronto. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and community reporting. This study could provide insight into design (eg, recruitment, measures) and intervention considerations (eg, structure, content) for a larger trial to lessen the burden of cognitive decline among people ageing with HIV. Trial registration number NCT03483740; Pre-results
The 28 December 1908 Messina Straits Earthquake (MW 7.1): A Great Earthquake throughout a Century of Seismology

Early in the morning on 28 December 1908, just a few days after Christmas, a severe earthquake struck the Messina Straits, a rather narrow sound that separates Calabria, in southern Italy, from Sicily (Figure 1). The shaking was distinctly felt in Albania, Montenegro, and the Greek Ionian islands, about 400 km to the east and northeast of the Straits; in Malta, about 250 km to the south; and as far as Ustica Island, about 220 km to the west. The earthquake was catastrophic in the epicentral area and was immediately followed by fires and a large tsunami. Messina (Sicily) and Reggio Calabria (Calabria), two significant cities located less than 10 km apart on the two facing shores of the straits, were almost completely destroyed, and buildings were severely damaged over an area in excess of 6,000 km2. Of the population at the time, estimated to number 140,000 at Messina and 45,000 at Reggio Calabria, a significant fraction was reported dead. Assessing the total number of victims has been problematic, as fatality estimates range from 60,000 to more than 100,000, yet 1908 was undeniably the deadliest European earthquake ever and one of the deadliest worldwide. Guidoboni et al. (2007) contend that 80,000 people were killed by the earthquake, including as many as 2,000 who died as a result of the tsunami. Waves up to 12 m struck the shorelines south of Messina and south of Reggio Calabria, displacing the rubble from collapsed buildings and completing the destruction. All communications in the affected area were disrupted, and rescue operations had to rely on access from the sea. Units of the Russian and English navies, already in the area, were the first to offer immediate relief. In particular, medical officers of the Baltic Guard-Marine brought the first medical aid to the …
Effects of Leadership on Organizational Performance

The main aim of any organization is to sustain competitive advantage and considered to be effective between the demands of various stakeholders and the needs of the employees. Based on the previous studies in related field, it has been demonstrated that an appropriate leadership style can influence the success and the economic growth of both the organizations and employees. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explain the effects of leadership styles on the organizational performance. Our main focus is on transformational leadership and its role in enabling the increase in organizational performance. We start by underlying the link between transformational leadership and organizational performance and clarify the effects of leadership style on organizational performance and conclude by making some future research propositions.
Development of light weight 3DOF manipulator on UAV system for infrastructure inspection

In this study, the lightweight manipulator that is mounted on UAV is proposed. Recently, infrastructure inspection has become one of the important topics in Japan. However, there are many aging bridges and it is difficult for inspectors to inspect all of such bridges. In order to solve this problem, UAV becomes an important technology. Almost related works for bridge inspection by UAV focuses on visual image inspection. However, in order to conduct a detailed bridge inspection by UAV. The system that inspections in complicated places such as narrow spaces, multiple inspections by various inspection devices, and control that does not affect the navigation of the multicopter is required. Therefore, in this research, it is aimed at the development of the lightweight manipulator that can be mounted on various multicopter developed for infrastructure inspection and can do multiple inspections in a narrow part.
Title Life and death of lymphocytes : A role in immunesenescence Permalink

Human aging is associated with progressive decline in immune functions, increased frequency of infections. Among immune functions, a decline in T cell functions during aging predominates. In this review, we will discuss the molecular signaling in two major pathways of apoptosis, namely death receptor pathway and mitochondrial pathway, and their alterations in both T and B lymphocytes in human aging with a special emphasis on naïve and different memory subsets of CD8+ T cells. We will also discuss a possible role of lymphocyte apoptosis in immune senescence. Introduction Apoptosis is a physiological form of cell death, which plays an important role in embryogenesis, metamorphosis, cellular homeostasis, tissue atrophy and removal of tumor and mutated cells. In the immune system, apoptosis appears to play a crucial role in selection of T cell repertoire in the thymus, deletion of self-reactive T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes, regulation of immunological memory, deletion of effector T cells following an effective immune response, and in the cytotoxicity of target cells by CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells [1-3]. There are two major signaling pathways of apoptosis (Figure 1), the death receptor pathway (extrinsic pathway) and intrinsic pathway the mitochondrial pathway [4-11]. The apoptosis via both pathways is mediated by the activation of a series of cysteine proteases, the caspases. Caspases act as molecular chainsaw, which cleave a number of cytoplasmic and nuclear substrates to induce characteristic of apoptosis. Although both pathways of apoptosis involve activation of common effector or executioner caspases, they differ in the activation of apical or initiator caspases. Caspases are present in inactive form as prozymes. Apical caspases are autolytically activated by homodimerization without undergoing cleavage, whereas executioner caspases are activated via cleavage of their prodomain by apical caspases. Both pathways also recruit different adaptor molecules. In this article we will review differential sensitivity of various T lymphocyte subpopulations to apoptosis and their changes during aging and the role of subsets of T cells that are sensitive or resistant to apoptosis in immune senescence. A role of apoptosis in B lymphocytes in aging will also be briefly discussed. Death Receptor Pathway of Apoptosis Death receptors belong to a large family of tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs) and nerve growth factor Published: 23 August 2005 Immunity & Ageing 2005, 2:12 doi:10.1186/1742-4933-2-12 Received: 20 April 2005 Accepted: 23 August 2005 This article is available from: http://www.immunityageing. com/content/2/1/12 © 2005 Gupta et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Modules over Monads and Operational Semantics

This paper is a contribution to the search for efficient and high-level mathematical tools to specify and reason about (abstract) programming languages or calculi. Generalising the reduction monads of Ahrens et al., we introduce transition monads, thus covering new applications such as lambda-bar-mu-calculus, pi-calculus, Positive GSOS specifications, differential lambda-calculus, and the big-step, simply-typed, call-by-value lambda-calculus. Moreover, we design a suitable notion of signature for transition monads.
Sketch Kernel Ridge Regression Using Circulant Matrix: Algorithm and Theory

Kernel ridge regression (KRR) is a powerful method for nonparametric regression. The time and space complexity of computing the KRR estimate directly are <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {O}(n^{3})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {O}(n^{2})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively, which are prohibitive for large-scale data sets, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the number of data. In this article, we propose a novel random sketch technique based on the circulant matrix that achieves savings in storage space and accelerates the solution of the KRR approximation. The circulant matrix has the following advantages: It can save time complexity by using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) to compute the product of matrix and vector, its space complexity is linear, and the circulant matrix, whose entries in the first column are independent of each other and obey the Gaussian distribution, is almost as effective as the i.i. d. Gaussian random matrix for approximating KRR. Combining the characteristics of the circulant matrix and our careful design, theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate that our proposed sketch method, making the estimate kernel methods scalable and practical for large-scale data problems, outperforms the state-of-the-art KRR estimates in time complexity while retaining similar accuracies. Meanwhile, our sketch method provides the theoretical bound that keeps the optimal convergence rate for approximating KRR.
Interactive comment on “ Laminar and weakly turbulent oceanic gravity currents performing inertial oscillations ” by A . Wirth

The paper by Achim Wirth uses a range of 1D and 3D modell=ing to describe how the bulk structure of oceanic gravity currents is influenced by inertial oscillations and the role of inertial . Many simple models of gravity currents have not studied these processes, so this theoretical paper is helpful in describing this process. Eventually models may be able to include the effects of tides, uneven topography, internal waves, high Reynolds number turbulence and other processes, but at this stage there is still value in idealized process studies such as this paper.
The sleep-wakefulness cycle of Wistar rats with spontaneous absence-like epilepsy

Possible interactions between the sleep-wakefulness cycle and a new kind of spontaneous epilepsy, expressed as absence-like seizures and spike-wave bursts in FMUSP rats, are evaluated. The electro-oscillograms of some cortical and subcortical regions of the brain were recorded, as well as head, rostrum/vibrissae and eye movements. Recordings were performed uninterruptedly during 24 hours. The seizures were mostly concentrated in the wakefulness state but they could occur in any other phase, including paradoxical sleep. After the seizure, the rats usually returned to the same phase that was interrupted, although they often returned to wakefulness. There was an intense fragmentation of the sleep-wakefulness cycle. The incidence of each cycle phase was significantly reduced, except S III of synchronized sleep and paradoxical sleep, thus maintaining the overall duration and architecture of the sleep-wakefulness cycle. The fragmentation of the cycle seems to be due to an impairment of the very processes that generate sleep and wakefulness. Electrophysiological and behavioral profiles of the FMUSP rats recommend accurate and comprehensive study of the animal model owing to its resemblance to seizures in humans and also to discrepancies with existing genetic or experimental epilepsy models.
Isolationand characterizationofaNocardiopsis sp . from honeybeeguts

Although actinomycetes are the plant-associated environmental bacteria best known for producing thousands of antibiotics, their presence in the guts of flower-feeding honeybees has rarely been reported. Here, we report on the selective isolation of actinomycetes from the gut microbiota of healthy honeybees, and their inhibitory activity against honeybee indigenous bacteria. More than 70% of the sampled honeybees (N4 40) in a season carried at least one CFU of actinomycete. The isolates from bees of one location produced inhibitory bioactivities that were almost exclusively against several bee indigenous Bacillus strains and Grampositive human pathogens but not Escherichia coli. An antibiotic-producing actinomycete closely related to Nocardiopsis alba was isolated from the guts in every season of the year. A DNA fragment encoding a homologous gene (phzD) involved in phenazine biosynthesis was identified in the isolate. Expression of the phzD detected by reverse transcription-PCR can explain the survival of this organism in anaerobic environments as some redox-active extracellular phenazines are commonly regarded as respiratory electron acceptors. The results raise important questions concerning the roles of the antibiotic-producing actinomycetes and the phenazine-like molecules in honeybee guts and honey.
Relationships between Methylobacteria and Glyphosate with Native and Invasive Plant Species: Implications for Restoration

After removing invasive plants, whether by herbicides or other means, typical restoration design focuses on rebuilding native plant communities while disregarding soil microbial communities. However, microbial–plant interactions are known to influence the relative success of native versus invasive plants. Therefore, the abundance and composition of soil microorganisms may affect restoration efforts. We assessed the effect of herbicide treatment on phytosymbiotic pink‐pigmented facultative methylotrophic (PPFM) bacteria and the potential consequences of native and invasive species establishment post‐herbicide treatment in the lab and in a coastal sage scrub (CSS)/grassland restoration site. Lab tests showed that 4% glyphosate reduced PPFM abundance. PPFM addition to seeds increased seedling length of a native plant (Artemisia californica) but not an invasive plant (Hirschfeldia incana). At the restoration site, methanol addition (a PPFM substrate) improved native bunchgrass (Nassella pulchra) germination and size by 35% over controls. In a separate multispecies field experiment, PPFM addition stimulated the germination of N. pulchra, but not that of three invasive species. Neither PPFM nor methanol addition strongly affected the growth of any plant species. Overall, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that PPFMs have a greater benefit to native than invasive species. Together, these experiments suggest that methanol or PPFM addition could be useful in improving CSS/grassland restorations. Future work should test PPFM effects on additional species and determine how these results vary under different environmental conditions.
Active and Dynamic Approaches for Clustering Time Dependent Information: Lag Target Time Series Clustering and Multi-Factor Time Series Clustering

One of data mining schemes in statistics is clustering panel data such as longitudinal data and time series data. Classical approaches to cluster such time dependent information do not properly count time dependencies among objects we are interested to analyze. In the present study, we propose an approach which takes time dependencies into our consideration by introducing appropriate weight factors with an add-on approach which allows us to measure pairwise distances in multi-dimensional space not just in two dimension. We refer to these approaches LTTC (Lag Target Time Series Clustering) and MFTC (Multi-Factor Time Series Clustering), respectively. These proposed methods in the present study are applicable to any time dependent information from various research areas, and we have applied these methods to state level brain cancer mortality rates in the United States that illustrates the importance of subject methods.
Safety Distance of Shotcrete Subjected to Blasting Vibration in Large-Span High-Speed Railway Tunnels

The drill and blast method is widely used in constructing tunnels in rock. Unfortunately, blasting vibration can damage newly performed shotcrete layers which are major support structures to stabilize surrounding structures. Therefore, investigation of the influence of blasting on shotcrete and determining reasonable distance between blasting work face and shotcrete position is of great importance. In this paper, a large-span tunnel excavated by drill and blast method acting as a high-speed railway station has been investigated. Blast vibration in the tunnel was recorded using microseismic monitoring technique. Empirical prediction equations for peak particle velocity (PPV) were obtained through regression analysis based on the obtained monitoring data. The attenuation law of tensile stress imposed on shotcrete layer due to blasting and bond strength of shotcrete-rock interface was also investigated. Minimum safety distance between shotcrete and blasting positions was calculated based on bond failure criterion. Evolution law considering different factors including blasting charge, rock mass class, and setting time of shotcrete was also obtained, which could be applied to determine blast charge shotcrete arrangements for tunnel constructions in future. The obtained results showed that the safety of shotcrete could be ensured and shotcrete falling off the rock could be prevented under current blast constructions.
Acetylome analysis of lysine acetylation in the plant pathogenic bacterium Brenneria nigrifluens

Protein lysine acetylation, a dynamic and reversible posttranslational modification, plays a crucial role in several cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, metabolism, enzymatic activities, and protein interactions. Brenneria nigrifluens is a pathogen of walnut trees with shallow bark canker and can cause serious disease in walnut trees. Until now, a little has been known about the roles of lysine acetylation in plant pathogenic bacteria. In the present study, the lysine acetylome of B. nigrifluens was determined by high‐resolution LC‐MS/MS analysis. In total, we identified 1,866 lysine acetylation sites distributed in 737 acetylated proteins. Bioinformatics results indicated that acetylated proteins participate in many different biological functions in B. nigrifluens. Four conserved motifs, namely, LKac, Kac*F, I*Kac, and L*Kac, were identified in this bacterium. Protein interaction network analysis indicated that all kinds of interactions are modulated by protein lysine acetylation. Overall, 12 acetylated proteins were related to the virulence of B. nigrifluens.