Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GNSS Spoofing Detection Based on Signal Power Measurements: Statistical Analysis

A threat to GNSS receivers is posed by a spoofing transmitter that emulates authentic signals but with randomized code phase and Doppler values over a small range. Such spoofing signals can result in large navigational solution errors that are passed onto the unsuspecting user with potentially dire consequences. An effective spoofing detection technique is developed in this paper, based on signal power measurements and that can be readily applied to present consumer grade GNSS receivers with minimal firmware changes. An extensive statistical analysis is carried out based on formulating a multihypothesis detection problem. Expressions are developed to devise a set of thresholds required for signal detection and identification. The detection processing methods developed are further manipulated to exploit incidental antenna motion arising from user interaction with a GNSS handheld receiver to further enhance the detection performance of the proposed algorithm. The statistical analysis supports the effectiveness of the proposed spoofing detection technique under various multipath conditions.
Analysis of Modeling Errors for BIM-based Facility Management Systems

Facility Management is the longest in the building of life cycle. Because it occupies more than 80% of cost, the phase of Facility Management has to be managed and has to be perceived as important as design and construction phase. The method to manage building more efficiently is the introduction of Facility Management System used by CAD and database. But information Requirement is now input by hand in the most Facility Management System. This study aims to analyze the example of applying BIM in the Korea or abroad and the errors of this were deducted by many phase. Lastly, the possible solution is suggested in order to be used in the Facility Management System. This study`s benchmarking is COBIE which is developed by the COE(Corps of Engineers) and now popular in the world. The suggestion in this study is the method that I have already mentioned is helpful for a designer to do modeling when a designer uses BIM S/W(software). To be more specific, the method plays a side role in helping data input considering the phase of Facility Management.
A thermal van der Pauw test structure

A micromachined thermal van der Pauw test structure is reported. Similar in principle to the conventional electrical van der Pauw Greek cross test structures, it enables the in-plane thermal sheet conductivities of thin films to be determined. The analogy between the two-dimensional heat flow in thin film samples and the electrical current pattern in thin film conductors is exploited. A thermal sheet resistance of 1.87/spl times/10/sup 5/ K/W was extracted from the complete sandwich of dielectric layers of a commercial CMOS ASIC process. This is equivalent to an average in-plane thermal conductivity of the CMOS dielectric layer sandwich of /spl kappa/=1.44 Wm/sup -1/ K/sup -1/.
Computational prediction of electrical and thermal properties of graphene and BaTiO3 reinforced epoxy nanocomposites

Graphene based materials e.g., graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and graphene nano platelets (GNP) as well as Barium titanate (BaTiO3) are emerging reinforcing agents which upon mixing with epoxy provides composite materials with superior mechanical, electrical and thermal properties as well as shielding against electromagnetic (EM) radiations. Inclusion of the aforementioned reinforcing agents has shown to improve the performance, however, the extent of improvement has remained uncertain. In this study, a computational modelling approach was adopted using COMSOL Multiphysics software in conjunction with Bayesian statistical analysis to investigate the effects of including various filler materials e.g. GO, RGO, GNP and BaTiO3 in influencing the direct current (DC) conductivity (σ), dielectric constant (ε) and thermal properties on the resulting epoxy polymer matrix composites. The simulation of epoxy composites were performed for different volume percentage of the filler materials by varying the geometry of the filler material. It was observed that the content of GO, RGO, GNPs and the thickness of graphene nanoplatelets can alter the DC conductivity, dielectric constant, and thermal properties of the epoxy matrix. The lower thickness of GNPs was found to offer the larger value of DC conductivity, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity than rest of the graphene nanocomposites, while, the RGO showed better dielectric constant value than neat epoxy, and GO, GNP nanocomposites. Similarly, BaTiO3 nanoparticles content and diameter were observed to alter the dielectric constant, DC conductivity and thermal properties of modified epoxy in several order magnitude than neat epoxy. In this way, the higher diameter particles of BaTiO3 showed better DC conductivity properties, dielectric constant value, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity. Moreover, this research provides guidance for further computational examination on the selection of GNP and BaTiO3 materials for the enhancement of the electrical and thermal properties of the epoxy matrix.
Nanocomposite Conductive Bioinks Based on Low-Concentration GelMA and MXene Nanosheets/Gold Nanoparticles Providing Enhanced Printability of Functional Skeletal Muscle Tissues

There is a growing need to develop novel well-characterized biological inks (bioinks) that are customizable for three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of specific tissue types. Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) is one such candidate bioink due to its biocompatibility and tunable mechanical properties. Currently, only low-concentration GelMA hydrogels (≤5% w/v) are suitable as cell-laden bioinks, allowing high cell viability, elongation, and migration. Yet, they offer poor printability. Herein, we optimize GelMA bioinks in terms of concentration and cross-linking time for improved skeletal muscle C2C12 cell spreading in 3D, and we augment these by adding gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) or a two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbide (MXene nanosheets) for enhanced printability and biological properties. AuNP and MXene addition endowed GelMA with increased conductivity (up to 0.8 ± 0.07 and 0.9 ± 0.12 S/m, respectively, compared to 0.3 ± 0.06 S/m for pure GelMA). Furthermore, it resulted in an improvement of rheological properties and printability, specifically at 10 °C. Improvements in electrical and rheological properties led to enhanced differentiation of encapsulated myoblasts and allowed for printing highly viable (97%) stable constructs. Taken together, these results constitute a significant step toward fabrication of 3D conductive tissue constructs with physiological relevance.
SEATING PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND SUBJECTIVE COMFORT: DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

The seating comfort is one of the most important indices that determine the performance of automotive seat. A subjective evaluation has been the general method for seating comfort evaluation of automotive seat. In this study, it is attempted to determine a method for objectively evaluating seating comfort. The paper discusses design parameters for automotive seats intended to meet the objectives: comfort. The body pressure distribution for automotive seat, objective technique, is investigated and compared with the subjective evaluation. In addition, the paper reports the results of a study comparing the subjective assessment with physical characteristics.The results show that the body pressure distribution and physical characteristics can be used as the objective technique for seating comfort evaluation. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 492369.
Compact half‐mode substrate integrated waveguide bandpass filters with capacitively loaded complementary single split ring resonators

A novel compact half‐mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) filter with capacitively loaded complementary single split ring resonators (CSSRRs) is presented in this article.The proposed structure demonstrates lower resonant frequency and enhanced miniaturization compared to the HMSIW with conventional CSSRRs due to the additional capacitance generated by an additional conductor connected to the inner metal disk and overlaid across the ground plane of the CSSRR. Even lower resonant frequency and greater miniaturization can be achieved conveniently by increasing the area of the overlap or using thin dielectric substrate and the technique can readily be realized in a range of multilayer technologies. The equivalent circuit model for the proposed structure of the HMSIW with the capacitively loaded CSSRR is derived and a second‐order bandpass filter with the proposed structure, operating at 4.92 GHz, is designed and fabricated. Excellent agreement is achieved between the simulation and the measurement. The proposed HMSIW filter with capacitively loaded CSSRRs shows good selectivity, low loss, and compact size, with the total size being only 9.8 × 7 mm2 (0.17 λ0 × 0.115 λ0) without the feed lines. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1602–1606, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27604
Semi-Analytic Saturation Theory of Fiber Optical

A semi-analytical theory for the gain saturation of parametric amplifiers is presented. The theory is both simple and intuitive, it is compared with experiments on a parametric amplifier, and a very good agreement is found. Furthermore, using theoretical results, a method to obtain saturation characteristics for parametric amplifiers that have features not easily reproduced by theory is presented. The obtained method finds saturation characteristics in a few steps, providing that the gain studied is above 15 dB, where the approximations upon which our simple expression is based are strictly valid. An exact solution of the gain saturation when the pump power is totally converted is also presented and compared with the simplified expression using previously obtained theoretical results. Index Terms—Fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA), OPA, saturation.
Identification of Mammalian and Poultry Species in Food and Pet Food Samples Using 16S rDNA Metabarcoding

The substitution of more appreciated animal species by animal species of lower commercial value is a common type of meat product adulteration. DNA metabarcoding, the combination of DNA barcoding with next-generation sequencing (NGS), plays an increasing role in food authentication. In the present study, we investigated the applicability of a DNA metabarcoding method for routine analysis of mammalian and poultry species in food and pet food products. We analyzed a total of 104 samples (25 reference samples, 56 food products and 23 pet food products) by DNA metabarcoding and by using a commercial DNA array and/or by real-time PCR. The qualitative and quantitative results obtained by the DNA metabarcoding method were in line with those obtained by PCR. Results from the independent analysis of a subset of seven reference samples in two laboratories demonstrate the robustness and reproducibility of the DNA metabarcoding method. DNA metabarcoding is particularly suitable for detecting unexpected species ignored by targeted methods such as real-time PCR and can also be an attractive alternative with respect to the expenses as indicated by current data from the cost accounting of the AGES laboratory. Our results for the commercial samples show that in addition to food products, DNA metabarcoding is particularly applicable to pet food products, which frequently contain multiple animal species and are also highly prone to adulteration as indicated by the high portion of analyzed pet food products containing undeclared species.
Adaptive Erasure Coded Data Maintenance for Consensus in Distributed Networks

Distributed data services usually rely on consensus protocols, such as Paxos and Raft, to provide fault-tolerance and data consistency across distributed data centers and even edge networks. In consensus protocols, erasure coded replication has appealing storage and network cost savings compared with full copy replication, which help achieve low latency, high fault-tolerance and high throughput. However, the liveness level will inevitably decrease when erasure codes are naively applied in consensus protocols. To keep the original liveness level, an existing protocol, called CRaft, switches from erasure coded replication to full copy replication when the number of failures exceeds a certain threshold. Such a solution, however, degrades system performance sharply. To tackle this problem, this work proposes a novel protocol called HRaft to enable graceful degradation on storage and network efficiency when failures happen. Without using full copy replication, it replenishes some coded blocks in healthy servers to reduce storage and network costs and to keep data consistency. The performance of the proposed protocol will be evaluated by deploving it into practical networks.
Fermentation profile, microbial populations and aerobic stability of sorghum silages enriched with urea and Lactobacillus buchneri

ABSTRACT We evaluated the microbial populations, fermentation profile, chemical composition, losses and aerobic stability of sorghum silages enriched with urea and Lactobacillus buchneri. Experiment design was set up as a completely randomised design with a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement consisting of four treatments (SS – sorghum silage without additive; SSI – sorghum silage with L. buchneri (105 cfu/g fresh matter); SSU – sorghum silage with urea (% DM); and SSUI – sorghum silage with urea and inoculant) and four opening times (15, 30, 60, and 110 days), with four replicates. The silage pH was influenced (P < 0.01) by the treatments, with the highest values found in SSI and SSU. Lactic acid contents decreased in SSI and SSUI, while acetic acid levels in those silages increased, consequently reducing the ethanol content (P < 0.01). The lowest yeast counts were obtained in SSI and SSUI. There was an effect for aerobic stability (P < 0.05) in which higher aerobic stability was observed to SSUI (87.3 h) compared to SS (61.0 h) and SSU (62.3 h). SSI did not differ between the other silages. The inoculant L. buchneri as associated with urea promoted positive effects on both fermentation and aerobic stability.
Framework for a defect reduction program

A framework for defect reduction is presented which integrates management commitment, a focused organizational structure, state-of-the-art defect detection and analysis tools, and cooperation between the organizations that affect the quality of the material shipped from a wafer fab line. Considerations for organizational design, the role of the defect reduction engineer, and the defect reduction strategy are presented along with specific defect density, and yield improvement examples. <<ETX>>
Theoretical analysis and experimental investigation of induced polarization effect of rocks/minerals

This paper considers the polarization phenomena and measurement techniques of rock materials from the view of system identification and parameter estimation. Induced polarization method is used to measure the rock materials, which is a scheme for using electric fields in the Earth to estimate physical structure. These fields are generated by the deliberate injection of electrical currents into the Earth. The effective conductivity of rock materials for alternating current is not in general constant, but is variable and complex. The complex conductivity in the frequency domain gives rise to the overvoltage or induced polarization effect in the transient time domain. However it is difficult to discriminate between a valid induced polarization (IP) response and electromagnetic (EM) coupling effects, which are caused by IP measurement and the complexity of the rock materials. Therefore we use a system identification method to find an adequate IP system model. Summarizing the analysis of the IP system model, it is concluded that the proposed IP system model fits the field data much better than traditional models. EM coupling effects can be removed using system identification method and the induced polarization effect in the transient time domain can be presented in Simulink via the IP system model.
Bilan annuel et variations saisonnières des flux particulaires du Congo à Brazzaville et de l'Oubangui à Bangui

The suspended load of the Congo and Ubangui Rivers The Congo is the second world major River after the Amazon (mean discharge: 41 000 l 3 s -1 , area 3.7 10 6 km 2 ). A large scientific program in the Congo basin follows the fluctuations of the suspended and dissolved matter fluxes and would characterize the mechanical and biogeochimical erosion with hydroclimatological regimes in the equatorial ecosystems. Measurements are made on the Congo at Brazzaville and Ubangui at Bangui (major northern tributary). The estimate of the suspended load is based on a large and representative sampling. The first measurements (1987) give a sediment discharge to 31 10 6 tons year -1 for Congo, 2,9 10 6 tons year -1 for Ubangui (respectively 30 and 43% of matter discharge). Mechanical erosion rate is respectively 8,9 and 6 tons km -1 year -1 . Concentrations are included between 15 and 30 mh l -1 for Congo, 3 and 55 mg l -1 for Ubangui. These values are lower than precedent published results of Congo and very small compared with Amazon (11% for erosion rate, 5% for sediment discharge).
The Impact of Reflections on the Monopulse Secondary Surveillance Radar Performance

This paper aims to present the impact of multipath interference on the monopulse secondary radar (MSSR) performance. The theoretical aspects of horizontal and vertical reflectors are presented along with the lobing phenomenon occurring in case of full and partial wave reflection. Real MSSR positioning data is also presented to exemplify the effect of reflections on aircraft positioning.
A Robust Family of Algorithms for Adaptive Filtering Based on the Arctangent Framework

This brief introduces a novel cost function framework for developing robust algorithms for adaptive filtering by embedding the standard cost function into the arctangent framework. This proposed framework is called the arctangent cost function framework. Based on this, we propose an arctangent family of robust algorithms for adaptive filtering. The performance of the proposed family of algorithms is tested through simulation studies in system identification scenarios that confirm the enhanced performance achieved by the arctangent family of algorithms over standard algorithms.
Seam-Aware Location-Based Random Walk Routing Algorithms for Low Orbit Satellite Constellations

As of 2018, several low orbit (LEO) constellations are being designed and planned. These include SpaceX, OneWeb, LeoSat, Telesat and others. Some of these constellations include Inter-Satellite Links (ISL) communication at the initial or second phase as well as on-board processing capabilities. The LEO constellations create a network that includes the satellites (as routing nodes) connected by ISLs, and the satellite terminals that dynamically connect to one of the satellites. The LEO network presents unique challenges to traffic routing and service planning due to dynamic changes in the network topology (interconnection between satellites, and between satellites and terminals). In addition, the LEO latency (which is low, compared to GEO and MEO) is significant when using legacy routing protocols (each ISL latency can be in the order of 10 mSecs or more and ground to satellite latency is in the order of 10 mSecs). In case of a polar constellation, the LEO satellite orbit is south-to-north on one half of the constellation and north-to-south on the other half. As a result, there are neighboring planes in which satellites are moving in opposite directions. Satellites can easily establish and maintain ISLs with neighboring satellites on the same plane. However, a link with a neighboring satellite on the adjacent plane can only be established if the satellite on that plane is moving in the same direction. The barriers between the two satellite groups are called seams. This paper is the first to analyze the impact of the seam on location based routing in a polar constellation. We propose an asymmetric seam-aware location-based routing algorithm, and use a random walk on a geographical shortest path lattice for load balancing.
Complete Genome Sequence of Serratia Phage 4S Isolated from Wastewater in Ukraine

Aim. To isolate and characterize phage of Serratia marcescens bacteria. Methods. Phylogenetic analysis. Results. The complete genome of Serratia phage 4S represents a 173,061-bp double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) with a GC content of 39.9 %. The Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) results indicated that the closest relative to Serratia phage 4S is Serratia phage CBH8 (7 % query coverage, 76 % identity). According to the electron micrograph images Serratia phage 4S belongs to the order Caudovirales and the family Myoviridae . Following a phylogenetic analysis of Serratia phage 4S MCP (Major Capsid Protein), our results showed that its MCP was highly homologous to Acinetobacter and Enterobacter phages and on the contrary distant from the MCP of Klebsiella phages. The phylogenetic analysis of Serratia phage 4S DNA helicase indicated that it was highly homologous to Yersinia and Enterobacter phages, and on the contrary distant from DNA helicase of Klebsiella phages. Conclusions. Serratia phage 4S has a lytic pathway, which means that it can be considered for further investigation as a control agent against bacterial infections caused by Serratia marcescens .
Numerical calculation of the negative onset corona voltage of high-voltage direct current bare overhead transmission conductors

The negative onset corona voltage of high-voltage direct current bare overhead transmission conductors has been studied by numerical calculations and gas discharge experiments. First, the charge simulation method, an accurate numerical method, is employed to calculate the distribution of the electrical fields in the vicinity of a bare conductor. Then, the electrical field values calculated and a criterion from the gas discharge theory are utilised to evaluate the onset voltage of the negative corona on the bare conductor. Furthermore, a formula for a high altitude correction factor is used to calculate the negative onset corona voltage of a bare conductor located at a high altitude. Finally, it is found that the calculated onset-voltage values agree satisfactorily with the data measured on laboratory models and full-scale test lines.
An ensembling model for early identification of at‐risk students in higher education

Audience Response Systems like clickers are gaining much attention for early identification of at‐risk students as quality education, student success rate and retention are major concerning areas, as evidenced in this COVID scenario. Usage of this active learning strategy across the varying strength of classrooms are found to be much effective in retaining the attention, retention and learning power of the students. However, implementing clickers for large classrooms incur overhead costs on instructor's part. As a result, educational researchers are experimenting with various lightweight alternatives. This paper discusses one such alternative: lightweight formative assessments for blended learning environments. It discusses their implementation and effectiveness in early identification of at‐risk students. This study validates the usage of lightweight assessments for three core pedagogically different courses of large computer science engineering classrooms. It uses voting ensemble classifier for effective predictions. With the usage of lightweight assessments in early identification of at‐risk students, accuracy range of 87%–94.7% have been achieved along‐with high ROC‐AUC values. The study also proposes the generalized pedagogical architecture for fitting in these lightweight assessments within the course curriculum of pedagogically different courses. With the constructive outcomes, the light‐weight assessments seem to be promising for efficient handling of scaling technical classrooms.