Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Low Cost Solar Array Emulator Based on Fuzzy and 32-Bit Microcontroller

Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy attracted the attention of the electrical engineers and researchers because of its advantages in comparison with the traditional energy resources. The characteristics of the PV system are affected by the weather’s changing condition therefore solar array simulators and emulators have been introduced as alternatives to the actual solar cell or array of cells. This paper presents a new solar array emulator based on Fuzzy and 32-bit microcontroller. The proposed emulator obtained currentvoltage (I-V) characteristics curve that is almost identical with characteristics curve of the actual solar array. The proposed emulator proved its efficiency in terms of flexibility, reliability, cost, and complexity in comparison with the state-of-the-art emulators. The proposed emulator can be used in electrical engineering labs as a good alternative to the actual solar array cells. KeywordsPV Emulators, Renwable Energy, Fuzzy Logic Control
V2X Communications for Platooning: Sensor Inaccuracy Aspects

|Platooning is a future approach to autonomous driving in which vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications play an important role. Tests performed in the past showed that a signi(cid:12)cant reduction in fuel consumption is possible when cars are traveling in a dense pla-toon formation. To increase the level of their awareness of the surrounding objects and to maintain a very short distance to the preceding vehicle, highly reliable on-board sensors are required. This paper discusses the impact of sensor inaccuracy on the performance and behavior of and autonomous vehicle platoon that makes use of wireless communications supported by context information from various databases and maps.
A geospatial infodemic: Mapping Twitter conspiracy theories of COVID-19

Conspiracy theories have proliferated during the COVID-19 pandemic to provide an explanation for uncontrollable circumstances. Most conspiratorial explanations often ascribe disease to foreigners or as a result of deliberate actions. Through mapping retweets that attribute COVID-19 to a bioweapon or a lab in China, I examine the geography behind a metonymic conspiracy theory.
Colonic Polyps an Unusual Manifestation of Schistosomiasis

Patient: Male, 24-year-old Final Diagnosis: Large rectal polyps secondary to Schistosoma infection • Unusual colonic polyp caused by Schistoma infection Symptoms: Abdominal pain • bleeding per rectum Medication: During the procedure: Xylocaine local gel • Midazolam inj • Fentanyl inj; For the disease: Praziquantel tab Clinical Procedure: Colonoscopy with endoscopic submucosal resection (EMR) • endoscopic submucosal resection (EMR) Specialty: Gastroenterology and Hepatology • Endoscopy Objective: Report of misleading rare disease to avoid an unnecessary invasive intervention Background: Although reports of bilharizial colonic polyps are very rare in the literature, we report a case of a large rectal polyp as a manifestation of chronic intestinal bilharzia. A high index of suspicion in an endemic area is the key factor to avoid unnecessary medical interventions. Case Report: We report a case of a 24-year-old male patient who was married, born in Taiz North Yemen, and worked as a military soldier. He presented to our clinic with a complaint concerning intermittent lower abdominal pain and several months of rectal bleeding. A colonoscopy was performed at the Endoscopy Unit of King Khalid Hospital, Najran, Saudi Arabia on September 23, 2019 and results showed 2 large rectal polyps, (measuring 4×3 and 2×3 cm), located 10 cm from the anal verge, having wide bases and irregular surfaces that mimicked dysplastic polyps. Both polyps became elevated after a normal saline/methylene blue injection. An endoscopic mucosal resection was successfully performed with no immediate complications. The histopathology showed benign polyps due to Schistosoma-induced colonic infection. Conclusions: It is very difficult and challenging to differentiate Schistosoma-induced colonic polyps from other colonic polyps even with an endoscopic evaluation; thus, a high index of clinical suspicion is required mainly in an endemic area, which may prevent the physician from ordering unnecessary interventions and thus avoid severe complications.
Landscape genetics of the New England cottontail: Effects of habitat fragmentation on population genetic structure and dispersal

The New England cottontail (Sylvilagus transitionalis) is a species of conservation concern. Population recovery will require knowledge of genetic structure and dispersal patterns. To this end, I used microsatellite loci to assess genetic structure at two spatial scales: across the entire range (broadscale) and within the northernmost population (finescale). Range-wide, cottontails are separated into five distinct populations. There was little evidence of gene flow among populations and they have experienced extensive genetic drift. Several populations had comparatively reduced genetic diversity. Intensive fine-scale surveys revealed four genetically differentiated populations. Interstate-95 is a dispersal barrier, though other major roads did not impact gene flow. Greater fragmentation resulted in stronger spatial genetic structure. Dispersal is female-biased, yet female dispersal may be limited by patch isolation. Management efforts should focus on increasing habitat and restoring connectivity. Additional surveys may be needed across the range to identify population-specific dispersal barriers that may require special mitigation.
Genetic variation among Pacific Rim chum salmon populations inferred from the microsatellite DNA analysis

ABSTRACT The genetic variation and population structure of chum salmon in the Pacific Rim were investigated using allelic variation at four polymorphic microsatellite DNA (msDNA) loci of more than 3,300 individuals from 76 populations representing Japan, Russia and North America. Genetic variation was greater in the populations of Japan than those of Russia and North America, although allelic variation was different among the examined loci. Pairwise population F ST estimates revealed substantial genetic differentiation among the three regional groups of populations. The analysis of molecular variance demonstrated clear structuring among the three geographic groups of populations and within Russian and North American populations but weak to moderate structuring within Japanese populations. These results suggest that the observed geographic pattern of the three regions is congruent with the patterns obtained by the previous mtDNA analysis, and hence the two DNA markers will become useful for construction of a better baseline for genetic stock identification of chum salmon in high seas.
An assessment of Culicoides surveillance techniques in northern Europe: have we underestimated a potential bluetongue virus vector?

Summary 1. Bluetongue virus (BTV), a pathogen of ruminants transmitted by Culicoides midges, has emerged dramatically across Europe since 1998. Surveillance of Culicoides is currently carried out in every European country affected by BTV, most commonly using standardized light-suction traps that sample the population of adult Culicoides present. To date, however, it is not clear whether these trap catches accurately reflect the biting population of Culicoides . 2. In our study, we carried out 192 drop-trap catches at dusk on Poll Dorset sheep, drawing comparisons with surveillance samples taken using standard trapping protocol at the same site. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction technique was optimized for high-throughput processing of cryptic species to allow Culicoides collected to be identified to species level, the first time this has been achieved in this region for an ecological study. A mathematical model was then constructed to describe rates of midge biting under the meteorological conditions recorded during trials. 3. Light-trapping surveillance was found to substantially underestimate the numbers of Culicoides chiopterus present on sheep. This finding is extremely significant given that, due to the low numbers of this species caught at light traps across northern Europe, C. chiopterus had not been seriously considered as a potential vector of BTV. 4. The models constructed of successful blood feeding predict that while biting rates on sheep are significantly reduced under conditions adverse to midge flight (wind speeds that exceeded 3 mps, wind turbulence of greater than 40 degrees change in direction during the trial and solar intensity exceeding 200 Wm ‐2 ), low levels of biting can also occur under sub-optimal meteorological conditions, that have the potential to span entire days in the later part of the adult season. 5. Synthesis and applications. It is clear from these results that light-trapping surveillance does not provide an accurate reflection of the biting population of Culicoides present. Given that the surveillance systems are already in wide employment across Europe, but provide misleading results as we have demonstrated, and considering the huge economic and animal welfare impact of BTV incursions, it is vital that alternative/additional methods of surveillance are explored. Additionally, the vector competence of C. chiopterus as a potential vector of arboviruses requires urgent assessment, along with a clearer understanding of diel periodicity of Culicoides attacks throughout the adult season.
SCREENING AND IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL COELOMYCETOUS STRAIN(S) FOR THE PRODUCTION OF EXTRACELLULAR ANTIMICROBIAL METABOLITES

In the search for new fungal derived antibiotics, 112 endophytic coelomycetous fungi were isolated from the inner tissue of different tropical and subtropical plants. Through preliminary and secondary screening, 25 of them were found to be able to produce broad-spectrum antimicrobial metabolites. Among the isolates five active strains were characterized for secondary metabolites such as Pestalotiopsis mangiferae, Bartalinia robillardoides, Seimatosporium mariae, Truncatella angustata and Pestalotia circularis which showed good antimicrobial activity in six different media. Among them, the Pestalotiopsis mangiferae exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic bacteria and yeast. Based on the activity and morphological methods these isolates were subjected to molecular taxonomy studies.
CALL FOR PAPERS Protein and Vesicle Trafﬁcking, Cytoskeleton Dynamic regulation of Na (cid:1) -K (cid:1) -2Cl (cid:2) cotransporter surface expression by PKC- (cid:3) in Cl (cid:2) -secretory epithelia

regulation of Na -K cotransporter surface expression by PKC- in -secretory epithelia. secretory epithelia, activation of PKC by phorbol ester and carbachol negatively regulates Cl (cid:2) secretion, the transport event of secretory diarrhea. Previous studies have implicated the basolateral Na (cid:1) -K (cid:1) -2Cl (cid:2) cotransporter (NKCC1) as a target of PKC-dependent inhibition of Cl (cid:2) secretion. In the present study, we examined the regulation of surface expression of NKCC1 in response to the activation of PKC. Treatment of conﬂuent T84 intestinal epithelial cells with the phorbol ester 12- O -tetradeca-noylphorbol-13-acetate (PMA) reduced the amount of NKCC1 accessible to basolateral surface biotinylation. Loss of cell surface NKCC1 was due to internalization as shown by 1 ) the resistance of biotinylated NKCC1 to surface biotin stripping after incubation with PMA and 2 ) indirect immunoﬂuorescent labeling. PMA-induced internalization of NKCC1 is dependent on the (cid:3) -isoform of PKC as determined on the basis of sensitivity to a panel of PKC inhibitors. The effect of PMA on surface expression of NKCC1 was speciﬁc because PMA did not signiﬁcantly alter the amount of Na (cid:1) -K (cid:1) -ATPase or E-cadherin available for surface biotinylation. After extended PMA exposure ( (cid:4) 2 h), NKCC1 became degraded in a proteasome-depen-dent fashion. Like PMA, carbachol reduced the amount of NKCC1 accessible to basolateral surface biotinylation in a PKC- (cid:3) -dependent manner. However, long-term exposure to carbachol did not result in degradation of NKCC1; rather, NKCC1 that was internalized after exposure to carbachol was recycled back to the cell membrane. PKC- (cid:3) -dependent alteration of NKCC1 surface expression represents a novel mechanism for regulating Cl (cid:2) secretion. phoresis reagents CA). detection reagent protease Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary used for Western blot analysis from Bio-Rad. Fluor 555-conjugated secondary antibodies used for immunostaining and Alexa Fluor 488-phalloidin Molecular OR). Proteasome inhibitor I PKC inhibitors Go¨6976, Go¨6850, carbachol, using ANOVA and method of considered statistically signiﬁcant.
Does Cognitive Training Prevent Cognitive Decline?A Systematic Review

Data Synthesis: Of 11 trials with low or medium risk of bias, 6 enrolled healthy adults with normal cognition and 5 enrolled adults with MCI. Trainings for healthy older adults were mostly computer based; those for adults with MCI were mostly held in group sessions. The MCI trials used attention controls more often than trials with healthy populations. For healthy older adults, training improved cognitive performance in the domain trained but not in other domains (moderate-strength evidence). Results for populations with MCI suggested no effect of training on performance (low-strength and insufficient evidence). Evidence for prevention of cognitive decline or dementia was insufficient. Adverse events were not reported.
RPANDA: an R package for macroevolutionary analyses on phylogenetic trees

A number of approaches for studying macroevolution using phylogenetic trees have been developed in the last few years. Here, we present RPANDA, an R package that implements model‐free and model‐based phylogenetic comparative methods for macroevolutionary analyses. The model‐free approaches implemented in RPANDA are recently developed approaches stemming from graph theory that allow summarizing the information contained in phylogenetic trees, computing distances between trees, and clustering them accordingly. They also allow identifying distinct branching patterns within single trees. RPANDA also implements likelihood‐based models for fitting various diversification models to phylogenetic trees. It includes birth–death models with i) constant, ii) time‐dependent and iii) environmental‐dependent speciation and extinction rates. It also includes models with equilibrium diversity derived from the coalescent process, as well as a likelihood‐based inference framework to fit the individual‐based model of Speciation by Genetic Differentiation, which is an extension of Hubbell's neutral theory of biodiversity. RPANDA can be used to (i) characterize trees by plotting their spectral density profiles (ii) compare trees and cluster them according to their similarities, (iii) identify and plot distinct branching patterns within trees, (iv) compare the fit of alternative diversification models to phylogenetic trees, (v) estimate rates of speciation and extinction, (vi) estimate and plot how these rates have varied with time and environmental variables and (vii) deduce and plot estimates of species richness through geological time. RPANDA provides investigators with a set of tools for exploring patterns in phylogenetic trees and fitting various models to these trees, thereby contributing to the ongoing development of phylogenetics in the life sciences.
Synchronous shifts in dissolved organic carbon bioavailability and bacterial community responses over the course of an upwelling‐driven phytoplankton bloom

Interactions between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and bacterioplankton were examined during a diatom and Phaeocystis bloom in the Santa Barbara Channel (SBC) over five days following an upwelling event. The SBC was heterogeneous in physical state (recently upwelled vs. more stratified), nutrient concentration, and productivity, encompassing phytoplankton physiological states from a healthy bloom through the onset of silicon stress. DOC accumulated in the upper 10 m over the bloom, with compositional shifts indicated by chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) parameters. DOC bioavailability and bacterial growth and community composition responses were assessed with dilution batch‐culture bioassays. In these experiments, bacterioplankton DOC usage increased over the bloom, with uptake of 1.5–5.3 μmol L−1 over three days, 1.5–5.7 μmol L−1 over one week, and 1.8–10.8 μmol L−1 over 10 weeks. DOC removal was poorly correlated with traditional proxies of bioavailability (chlorophyll a concentration, elemental ratios of dissolved organic matter, and CDOM). However, bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) was strongly related to in situ conditions, with higher BGEs on fresher, late‐bloom DOC. After 10 weeks, 1.6–15.7 μmol L−1 of the DOC that accumulated during the bloom remained unutilized in the bioassays, with higher concentrations of persistent DOC in experiments from senescent bloom physiological states, supporting the putative relationship between phytoplankton blooms and seasonal DOC accumulation in the field. These experiments demonstrate that DOC released by the plankton community during a bloom fuels increased short‐term and long‐term bacterial activity, enhances presumed trophic transfer via increased BGEs, and leads to the accumulation of persistent, potentially exportable, DOC. © 2015 Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography
Sequence length and variation in the mitochondrial control region of two freshwater gobiid fishes belonging to Rhinogobius (Teleostei: Gobioidei)

The control region (D-loop) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was amplified and sequenced for eight samples of the rhinogobies Rhinogobius maculafasciatus and R. giurinus from Taiwan and southern China. The control regions of both species are of 841–842 bp; the length of these sequences being the most compact among all known sequences in teleost fishes. Three conserved sequence blocks (CSB) were observed. The full D-loop and tRNA Phe gene sequences were determined and compared with other fishes. The interspecific sequence divergence between the two species is 11.3–11.7%; and the intraspecific variation in R. guirinus 0.8–1.8%. Results suggest that the control region of Rhinogobius is informative for phylogenetic reconstruction at both intraspecific and interspecific levels in this gobiid genus.
Cloning of the promoter regions of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense cysteine protease genes.

Trypanosoma brucei and T. congolense are protozoan parasites that infect humans, domestic livestock and wildlife in Africa. These parasites undergo complex morphological and biochemical changes, during the various stages of their life cycle. These changes correlate with alterations in the levels of trypanosomal lysosomal cysteine proteases, suggesting a role for transcriptional regulation of the cysteine protease in these parasites. The mechanism of this regulation is not yet understood nor have the promoter regions of the cloned trypanosome cysteine protease genes been investigated. This study involved an attempt to clone the T. brucei and T. congolense DNA fragments containing the promoter regions as the initial step in the investigation of the control elements of the cysteine protease gene. Trypanosomes were isolated from infected rat blood employing a combination of the methods of isopicnic isolation on Percoll gradients and DEAE-cellulose anion exchange resin chromatography. Approximately 5 x 10 viable trypanosome cells were isolated from the infected rat blood and chromosomal DNA (approximately 500 |ig) was extracted by alkaline-lysis method. Trypanosome genomic libraries were initially constructed in Eschericia coli HB101 employing the positive selection vector pEcoR251. The Trypanosoma brucei p£coR251 library contained 6 000 recombinants and the Trypanosoma congolense library contained 15 000 recombinants. Plasmid DNA was then extracted from pools of recombinants, employing the alkaline-lysis method, digested with EcoRl restriction endonuclease and resolved by agarose gel electrophoresis. After Southern hybridisation, the p£coR251 libraries did not reveal any putative clones containing the fragment of interest when probed with both an oligonucleotide probe and the PCR generated dsDNA probe. Genomic libraries were then constructed in the phagemid pUC119. The T. brucei and T. congolense genomic libraries contained 33 000 and 27 000 recombinants respectively. Recombinants from the T. brucei and T. congolense libraries were pooled in lots of 400 and 300 respectively. Of the 80 T. brucei plasmid pools that were screened 30 pools contained fragments that hybridised with the probe whilst 12 pools from the 90 T. congolense library pools that were screened contained fragments that hybridised with the probe. Putative clones identified appeared to contain inserts, ranging between two and seven kb in size. A partial T. congolense library consisting of approximately 12 pools was screened by colony hybridisation for identification of individual clones and 76 putative clones were identified. After confirmation of these putative clones on a dot blot using a DIG-labelled dsDNA
Interdam Movements and Passage Attraction of American Shad in the Lower Merrimack River Main Stem

Abstract In May and June of 2002, 72 adult American shad Alosa sapidissima were internally radio-tagged on four dates and were monitored in the Merrimack River, Massachusetts, between Essex Dam (first main-stem dam above the Atlantic Ocean) and Pawtucket Dam (second main-stem dam), a distance of 22 kilometers. From 1989 to 2001, the number of American shad that passed Pawtucket Dam via the Boott Station fish lift and fish ladder averaged 17% of the number that passed Essex Dam. The objectives of the study were to (1) determine the number of tagged American shad that pass Essex Dam and reach the Boott Station tailrace and (2) monitor American shad movements between Essex and Pawtucket dams. Three stationary receivers and one mobile receiver were used to track fish over a 2-month period. Sixty-five tagged fish were deemed healthy after release from the Essex Dam fish lift. From this group, 43 fish (66%) reached the pool immediately downstream of the Boott Station tailrace and 36 fish (55%) entered the tailr.