Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fc γ RIII and Fc γ RIV are indispensable for acute glomerular inflammation induced by switch variant monoclonal antibodies1

The relative ability of IgG subclasses to cause acute inflammation, and the roles of specific effector mechanisms in this process is not clear. We explored this in an in vivo model of glomerular inflammation in the mouse. TNP was planted on the glomerular basement membrane after conjugation to nephrotoxic antibody. The relative nephritogenicity of anti-TNP switch-variant monoclonal antibodies was then explored and shown to be IgG2a>IgG2b, with no disease caused by IgG1. Using knockout mice, we showed that Fc γ RIII was necessary for both neutrophil influx and glomerular damage induced by IgG2a and IgG2b. Surprisingly IgG1 did not cause disease although it binds to Fc γ RIII. Using blocking antibodies, we showed that this was explained by an additional requirement for Fc γ RIV which does not bind to IgG1. IgG2a or IgG2b induced neutrophil influx was not affected by deficiency of either Fc γ RI or C3. Bone marrow chimeras were constructed to test the effect of combined deficiency of Fc γ RI and C3, and there was no effect on IgG2a or IgG2b mediated neutrophil influx. However, IgG2b-induced albuminuria and thrombosis was reduced in C3 deficient mice, showing an additional role for complement in IgG2b-mediated glomerular damage. The results show that IgG2a and IgG2b are the pathogenic subclasses in acute neutrophil-mediated glomerular inflammation, with an indispensible role for both Fc γ RIII and Fc γ RIV. In addition complement contributes to IgG2b induced glomerular injury.
FUNDAMENTAL FORCES AFFECTING U.S. FRESH PRODUCE GROWERS AND MARKETERS

The U.S. fresh fruit and vegetable—produce—industry is very diverse, including over 300 products, each with its own structure at the production and first-handler marketing levels. Despite this diversity, virtually all fresh produce shares two fundamental attributes: perishability and seasonality. The high level of risk observed in the fresh produce sector arises from the combination of product perishability and weather variability. Weather factors can always undo the best-laid plans by unexpectedly shifting short-run supply or demand. Perishability limits storability and the ability of firms to adjust to short-run disequilibria in supply and demand, other than through price, making markets volatile.
Electron Holography of Magnetic Materials

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) involves the use of high-energy (60-3000 keV) electrons that have passed through a thin specimen to record images, diffraction patterns or spectroscopic information from a region of interest. Many different TEM techniques have been developed over the years into highly sophisticated methodologies that have found widespread application across scientific disciplines. Because the TEM has an unparalleled ability to provide structural and chemical information over a range of length scales down to atomic dimensions, it has developed into an indispensable tool for scientists who are interested in understanding the properties of nanostructured materials and in manipulating their behavior (Smith, 2007). State-of-the-art TEMs are now equipped with spherical and chromatic aberration correctors and can provide interpretable image resolutions of 0.05 nm (Erni et al., 2009). However, in addition to conventional TEM techniques that can be used to provide structural and compositional information about materials, the TEM also allows magnetic and electrostatic fields in specimens to be imaged with nanometer spatial resolution. One of the most powerful techniques for providing this information is electron holography, which was originally proposed as a means to compensate for lens aberrations and to improve electron microscope resolution (Gabor, 1949). Electron holography is still the only technique that provides direct access to the phase shift of the electron wave that has passed through a thin specimen, in contrast to more conventional TEM techniques that record only spatial distributions of image intensity. Electron holography has only recently become widely available on commercial electron microscopes. The earliest studies using electron holography were restricted by the limited brightness and coherence of the tungsten filaments that were used as electron sources (Haine & Mulvey, 1952). The availability of high brightness, stable, coherent field emission electron guns now allows electron holography to be applied to a wide variety of materials such as quantum well structures, magnetic thin films, semiconductor devices, natural rocks and biominerals.
Malware Detection in Mobile Devices by Analyzing Sequences of System Calls

With the increase in popularity of mobile devices, new and varied forms of malware have emerged. Consequently, the organizations for cyberdefense have echoed the need to deploy more effective defensive schemes adapted to the challenges posed by these recent monitoring environments. In order to contribute to their development, this paper presents a malware detection strategy for mobile devices based on sequence alignment algorithms. Unlike the previous proposals, only the system calls performed during the startup of applications are studied. In this way, it is possible to efficiently study in depth, the sequences of system calls executed by the applications just downloaded from app stores, and initialize them in a secure and isolated environment. As demonstrated in the performed experimentation, most of the analyzed malicious activities were successfully identified in their boot processes. Keywords—Android, information security, intrusion detection systems, malware, mobile devices.
Organizational Performance and Executive Pay in Israel's System of Higher Education

In the business sector, the relationship between performance and pay is mostly measured with reference to an organization's business results on the one hand and the pay awarded to its senior management on the other hand. The present research shifts the analytical focus to the third sector and to higher-education institutions, assessed in their caseiawhere the notion of profitability loses its relevanceiaon their performance as perceived by their clients, namely the student body. Our research results point to a positive, strong and significant relationship between performance and executive pay (with a one-year lag) and to a positive, weak and significant relationship between executive pay and performance (again, with a one-year lag). Furthermore, it is the state-funded (hereinafter: budgeted) colleges, where executive pay was by far the lowest, that achieved the highest satisfaction score (averaging 2011 and 2013), despite a slight drop in satisfaction observed in this category from 2011 to 2013. Taken together, however, higher-education institutions saw their satisfaction scores increase in 2013 compared to 2011. The paper leaves aside research performance rankings of higher-education institutions, due to the fact that most institutions in Israel are teaching oriented. As a matter of fact, only few Israeli universities are ranked by international ranking organizations. Furthermore, unfortunately, Israel does not have a formal system of higher education institutions research rankings. In the paper, a large body of literature on performance-related pay in school teaching is not covered.
Summarization using Central Sentences and Keywords

We propose two distinct approaches to single document sumarization. The first approach is based on the notion that important sentences are somehow central in the document. We represent the document as a graph, with sentences as vertices and edges labeled with sentence dissimilarities. We then use graph-theoretical notions of vertex centrality (e.g., eccentricity, closeness etc.) to identify central vertices (sentences). In the second approach, we propose to use any of the wellknown keyword identification algorithms to extract characteristic keywords from a document. We then use the number of keywords present in a sentence as a measure of the sentence’s importance. Finally, we propose the use of well-known Condorcet methodology to combine the summaries from several algorithms into awinnersummary.
0 Audio-Visual Biometrics and Forgery

With the emergence of smart phones and third and fourth generation mobile and communication devices, and the appearance of a "first generation" type of mobile PC/PDA/phones with biometric identity verification, there has been recently a greater attention to secure communication and to guaranteeing the robustness of embedded multi-modal biometric systems. The robustness of such systems promises the viability of newer technologies that involve e-voice signatures, e-contracts that have legal values, and secure and trusted data transfer regardless of the underlying communication protocol. Realizing such technologies require reliable and error-free biometric identity verification (IV) systems. Biometric IV systems are starting to appear on the market in various commercial applications. However, these systems are still operating with a certain measurable error rate that prevents them from being used in a full automatic mode and still require human intervention and further authentication. This is primarily due to the variability of the biometric traits of humans over time because of growth, aging, injury, appearance, physical state, and so forth. Imposture can be a real challenge to biometric IV systems. It is reasonable to assume that an impostor has knowledge of the biometric authentication system techniques used on one hand, and, on the other hand, has enough information about the target client (face image, video sequence, voice recording, fingerprint pattern, etc.) A deliberate impostor attempting to be authenticated by an IV system could claim someone else’s identity to gain access to privileged resources. Taking advantage of the non-zero false acceptance rate of the IV system, an impostor could use sophisticated forgery techniques to imitate, as closely as possible, the biometric features of a genuine client. The robustness of a biometric IV system is best evaluated by monitoring its behavior under impostor attacks. This chapter studies the effects of deliberate forgery on verification systems. It focuses on the two biometric modalities people use most to recognize naturally each other: face and voice. The chapter is arranged as follows. Section 2 provides a motivation of the research investigated in this chapter, and justifies the need for audio-visual biometrics. Section 3 introduces audio-visual identity verification and imposture concepts. Section 4 then reviews automated techniques of audio-visual (A/V) IV and forgery. Typically, an A/V IV system uses audio and video signals of a client and matches the features of these signals with stored templates of features of that client. Next, section 5 describes imposture techniques on the visual and audio levels: face animation and voice conversion. The video sequence of the client can be altered at the audio and the 3
Organizational form and efficiency of franchise chains 1

Many authors analyzed performance in the retail and service industries, through the concept of efficiency (e.g., Barros, 2006; Barros and Alves, 2003; de Jorge Moreno, 2008; de Jorge Moreno and Sanz-Triguero, 2011; Mostafa, 2009; Sellers-Rubio and Mas-Ruiz, 2006; Uyar et al., 2013; Yu and Ramanathan, 2008). But still a few ones focused on the specific case of franchising even though the need for more research on performance in the franchise sector has been highlighted (Combs et al., 2011a, 2011b; El Akremi et al., forthcoming). A few papers dealt with the performance at the outlet level, by comparing franchised outlets and companyowned outlets in terms of performance (e.g., Anderson, 1984; Kosová et al., forthcoming). Others considered the performance at the chain level (e.g. Botti et al., 2009; Perrigot et al., 2009) analyzing the way chain organizational form, namely predominantly franchised chains, predominantly company-owned chains or plural form chains -the latter being a mix of franchised outlets and company-owned outlets (Bradach and Eccles, 1989) -may influence chain performance. Comparing the efficiency of hotel chains, Perrigot et al. (2009) showed that plural form chains were more efficient than other chain organizational forms.
Control of thermal runaway in microwave resonant cavities

This article reports direct experimental evidence of the so-called “S curve” of temperature versus electrical field strength when materials with positive temperature dependence of dielectric loss are heated in a microwave resonant cavity applicator. A complete discussion of how the experimental results were achieved is presented. From the experimental results, we believe the S curve theory provides an incomplete explanation of thermal runaway in microwave heating. To understand microwave heating in a resonant cavity, cavity effects must be considered. To explain the experimental results, a theoretical model based on single-mode waveguide theory is developed. Finally, a method to control thermal runaway is described.
Development of a Computational Tool for the Analysis of Hydro-Sanitary Designs

The high demand for hydro-sanitary designs to be analyzed by the public system, in addition to the long time it takes to complete such analyses, reveals that the employed verification methodology and bureaucratic procedures are obsolete. The main objective of this work was to develop a computational tool for releasing and analyzing hydro-sanitary systems, seeking to automate the process. The methodology was initiated with the creation of an electronic archive of the rules and laws pertinent to the subject, followed by the identification of the work routines for hydro-sanitary designs, the programming of the tool, the creation of an electronic repository for objects and, finally, the validation of the software through testing. As a result, the computational model will automatically retrieve project data in the BIM platform and assess information of designs developed in CAD. Based on this work, the conclusion can be drawn that the automation of the release and analysis processes of hydro-sanitary designs is possible and achievable.
The Effectiveness Of Aquatic Therapy Following Total Hip Or Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review

Background and Purpose. Joint replacement procedures are increasing. The purpose of this systematic literature review was to determine if aquatic therapy is an effective intervention post-total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and/or total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods. Inclusion criteria for review were: (1) TKA or THA, (2) aquatic therapy group (3) comparison group without aquatic therapy, (4) specific outcome measures, and (5) randomized controlled trials. Evidence level was determined by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Methodological rigor of each study was evaluated using the PEDro scale. Results. Of 1,508 articles reviewed, 6 were included. Four found significant differences favoring aquatic therapy. One found no differences between aquatic and land therapy. One found no differences between specific aquatic, nonspecific aquatic, and land therapy. Conclusion. Aquatic therapy is a viable intervention option for improving function, pain, and quality of life in individuals following TKA or THA.
Hypoxia in Mesenchymal Stem Cell

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic multipotent stem cells with selfrenewal properties and ability to differentiate into a variety of mesenchymal tissues. This chapter overviews effects of hypoxia on MSCs, makes it promising therapy to various diseases. Cultivation of MSCs under hypoxic condition results in variety of outcome that is important to be noted in clinical use. In most studies, hypoxic condition appears to increase proliferation, differentiation, and immune regulatory performance of MSCs without affecting its characteristic. Those benefits are therefore utilized in clinical application. However, there are also studies that report on negative effects of hypoxia in MSCs such as chromosomal instability. Molecular mechanism of MSCs in hypoxic condition is provided for better understanding, which is crucial for further development with better outcome.
Mercury exposure modulates antioxidant enzymes in gill tissue and hemocytes of Venerupis philippinarum

Mercury (Hg), one of the most hazardous and persistent contaminants, is widespread in the aquatic environment. To establish an effective Hg monitoring strategy, the mRNA expression profiles of four antioxidant enzymes, as well as SOD enzymatic activities and MDA content were investigated at two sublethal HgCl2 exposure doses of 5 and 50 μg L -1 in Venerupis philippinarum gill tissue and hemocytes at 1, 2, 4 and 5 days. All parameters tested showed significant differences between the experimental and control groups at the various time points with tissue-specific manners. GST displayed a dose-dependent increase expression profiles in the two examined tissues. Also decrease expression patterns were detected in Trx and CYP414A1 in both gill and haemocytes with a significant positive relationship of 0.915 in the form tissue (p < 0.01). A positive relationship was found in those of SOD expression and the SOD enzymatic activities in hemocytes (0.683, p < 0.05). Taken together, we found that gill tissue is more suitable for biomarker identification compared to that of hemocytes because of lower variation. This study provides new evidences that mRNA expression of Trx, CYP414A1 and GST in gill tissue has a strong potential as a biomarker for marine mercury monitoring.
Updated Review: Validation and Method Validation Parameters

Validation is an act of proving that any procedure, process, equipment, material, activity or system performs as expected under given set of conditions and also give the required accuracy, precision, sensitivity, ruggedness. Validation parameter is used for establishing documented evidence which proves that performance characteristics of the method meet the requirements for the intended analytical applications. The goal of validation is to demonstrate that analytical results produced by the application of a particular method are fit for an intended purpose. In this review article we discussed about the validation and its important parameter.
Polar body biopsy - Advantages of the Eppendorf micromanipulation system

A well-established technique which is used in preimplantation genetic diagnostics (PGD) is polar body (PB) biopsy. The polar bodies of the oocyte are extruded at the conclusion of the meiotic division; normally the first polar body is noted after ovulation; the second polar body is observed 2–3 h following entry of the sperm into the oocyte. Removal of the first and second polar bodies takes place 6–12 hours after the performance of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The biopsy of the polar bodies is followed by detection of certain chromosomes using fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) or detection of all chromosomes by comparative genomic hybridization. Using the Eppendorf micromanipulation system with manual injectors and the electronic TransferMan ® 4m micromanipulators in combination with the OCTAX Laser Shot™ System, fast and sensitive handling of the oocyte and polar bodies can be guaranteed.
Viability, production and morphology of pollen grains for different species in the genus Manihot (Euphorbiaceae)

The objective of this work was to characterize the viability, production and morphology of pollen for different species in the genus Manihot. Floral buds from Manihot accessions were collected from two germplasm banks at Embrapa Cassava & Fruits. The viability of the pollen was assessed via colorimetric, in vitro and in vivo assays. The diameter of the pollen grains was determined by measuring the transversal length of the grain. The experimental design was entirely randomized. Studies on pollen ultrastructure were performed via scanning electron microscopy. Pollen viability was high in the colorimetric tests and intermediate in vivo tests; there was no germination in the in vitro tests. The average production for all accessions was 1,253 pollen grains per floral bud. The size of the pollen grains varied from 132 to 163 µm in the wild accessions, and 129 to 146 µm in the cultivated accessions. The pollen grains for all accessions were very large, apolar, spherical as well as inaperturate, with an exine ornamented with pila organized in a Croton pattern. The wild accessions, in general, produced more and larger pollen grains compared with the cultivated accessions.
Development of artificial finger skin to detect incipient slip for realization of static friction sensation

The goal of our study is the realization of static friction sensation using a piece of artificial finger skin for robot hand manipulation. In order to realize the sensation, we recall the importance of incipient slip detection. First, artificial finger skin is designed which has characteristics similar to those of a human finger with respect to the shape and sensing functions which enable incipient slip detection: the finger skin has ridges on the surface in which a pair of artificial FAI receptors are embedded. The design process of artificial finger skin is also shown that includes three phases. Design phase 1 involves designing the characteristics of a FAI receptor, which has a transducer for which we chose PVDF film sheets, which have a dynamic stress rate characteristic. Design phase 2 involves determination of the shape and size of the artificial finger skin, and the location of the transducer is analyzed to find its best position. Design phase 3 involves manufacturing artificial finger skin. Experimental results show that incipient slip occurs at the surface of artificial finger skin and reveal that the differential output voltage signal from a pair of artificial FAI receptors embedded in a ridge captures not only low-frequency vibration to generate a predictive signal which warns of incipient slip of the ridge, but also a high frequency vibratory signal which indicates slip of the ridge. In order to judge automatically that incipient slip occurs, we use a multi-layered ANN (artificial neural network). Judging incipient slip using an ANN shows that the system is robust to noise and can detect incipient slip.
Sugar alcohols-induced oxidative metabolism in cotton callus culture

Sugar alcohols (mannitol and sorbitol) may cause oxidative damage in plants if used in higher concentration. Our present experiment was undertaken to study physiological and metabolic responses in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) callus against mannitol and sorbitol higher doses. Both markedly declined mean values of relative fresh weight growth rates with the increase in their concentration intensities. The overall protein and malonaldehyde (MDA) contents increased in the stressed-shocked cells. Also, the mean values of various antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and calalase (CAT) quantitatively improved over their respective controls. As a whole, MDA contents were higher in magnitude than that of different antioxidant enzymes. Also values of relative increase in case of POD were higher as compared to SOD showing the ability of cotton callus culture to scavenge H2O2 produced as a result of the activity of SOD. Our results show that both agents caused greater damage to the membranous structure in comparison to less activation of the antioxidants. As a whole, the overall change regarding fresh weight growth rates was less after 14-day stress regime, while the mean values of the antioxidant enzymes activities were lower after the 28-day stress period. Such decrease conveys the message that less reactive oxygen species (ROS) might have been produced.