Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of an embedded root method for stripping SU-8 photoresist in the UV-LIGA process

In much previous research it has been popular to use SU-8 photoresist as a mold for electroplating, facilitating the production of low-cost microelectromechanical systems. However, the thickness of the electroplated structures standing on the substrate could only reach 50 µm or less due to the internal force and deformation of the photoresist in the final stripping process. In order to fabricate thicker structures, an embedded root method has been proposed to consolidate the adhesion of the metal structures to the substrate during the SU-8 removal process. In this paper, an experimental investigation of this method is conducted to characterize the relationship between the root depth, the linewidth and the achievable thickness of the electroplated structures. Some test patterns with embedded roots have been designed and fabricated to estimate the possible size of various structures associated with different depths of niches, which are completely defined through the SiO2 masking and KOH etching processes. Based on the established relationship between the root depth and the geometric sizes, a three-dimensional Ni coil, with a thickness of 200 µm, a width of 80 µm and a root depth of 4 µm, is successfully released by the SU-8 mold, which has a height of 400 µm. This cannot be achieved by the standard SU-8 molding process. The process parameters presented herein may be applied to the fabrication of other thick metal microstructures with similar needs.
On Entropy in Network Traffic Anomaly Detection

Different systems have been continuously developed in order to ensure integrity, availability, and confidentiality of networks. An important approach is the anomaly-based network intrusion detection system (A-NIDS). In this paper, we provide a structured and comprehensive overview of the research on entropy-based A-NIDS with the intention of providing researchers a quick introduction of essential aspects of this topic. As help to this point, a general architecture of A-NIDS based on Entropy is described and their main components are discussed. We also highlight some open issues in the entropy-based network traffic anomaly detection.
Dislocation pinning by substitutional impurities in an atomic-scale model for Al(Mg) solid solutions

We report our atomic-scale computations for the static depinning threshold of dislocations in Al(Mg) solid solutions. The interaction between the dislocations and the isolated obstacles is studied for different types of obstacle, i.e. single solute atoms situated at different positions, and solute dimers with different bond directions. Part of this work is used to apply different standard analytical theories for solid solution hardening, the predictions of which are finally compared with our direct atomic-scale simulations (AS) for dislocation depinning in random Al(Mg) solid solutions. According to our comparisons, the dislocation statistics in our AS is qualitatively well described by the Mott–Nabarro–Labusch theory. In agreement with earlier results about a different system, namely Ni(Al), the depinning thresholds are similar for the edge and for the screw dislocations.
Callus induction and plant regeneration of the endemic Astragalus nezaketae in Turkey

A callus induction and plant regeneration protocol was developed from leaf and petiole explants of the endemic Astragalus nezaketae. Explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with different plant growth regulators (PGRs) [α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), benzyladenine (BA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), kinetin (Kin), thidiazuron (TDZ)]. The combinations and concentrations of PGRs were shown significant variations for the frequency of callus formation, appearence of callus and the potential of callus differentiation. NAA x BA have been found highly affective in callusing and plant regeneration. Other PGRs have not resulted in callus differentiation for shoot formation. The highest number of shoots (6/explants) was obtained from leaf explants cultured on MS with 0.5 mg/l NAA and 4 mg/l BA. The regenerated shoots transferred to rooting medium (MS with 0.5 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid) were successfully rooted (100%) and showed rapid elongation. Rooted plantlets were acclimatized in pots containing 1:1 mixture of peat and perlite.
Quench dynamics of a confined ultracold Fermi gas: Direct visibility of the Goldstone mode in the single-particle excitations

We present a numerical study of a confined ultracold Fermi gas showing that the Goldstone mode of the BCS gap is directly visible in the dynamics of the single-particle excitations. To this end, we investigate the low-energy dynamic response of a confined Fermi gas to a rapid change of the scattering length (i.e., an interaction quench). Based on a fully microscopic time-dependent density-matrix approach within the Bogoliubov-de Gennes formalism that includes a 3D harmonic confinement we simulate and identify the emergence of the Goldstone mode in a cigar-shaped Li gas. We show that the quench leads to a low-frequency in-phase oscillation of the single-particle occupations. Complete inversion is achieved for occupations corresponding to the lowest-lying singleparticle states.
Algorithms For Improved Sinusoidal Track Onset Localisation

The sinusoidal model is a key component in many speech and audio coding applications, however its reconstruction quality is severely limited by its poor time resolution, and is unable to capture the onset of sinusoidal partials in a signal accurately. This paper proposes two algorithms which improve the onset localisation of sinusoidal tracks. While significant improvement can be achieved by using multiresolution sinusoidal analysis to manage the time/frequency resolution tradeoff in individual frequency-subbands, multiresolution sinusoidal analysis cannot improve upon the inherent time/frequency resolution of the Discrete Fourier Transform. The proposed algorithms work in collaboration with multiresolution sinusoidal analysis to improve the time resolution of the sinusoidal model. This paper will show that these algorithms drastically reduce the average onset error, without adjusting the frequency resolution of the sinusoidal model.
DAMPING CHARACTERISTICS OPTIMIZATION OF A CAR SHOCK ABSORBER IN CONDITIONS OF PASSING OVER A SINGLE UNEVENNESS

Optimization of damping characteristics of a passive shock absorber in car wheel suspension is solved in the paper. Vibrations of the wheel-car body system due to passing over a single road unevenness, like bump and pothole, are considered. Nonlinear quarter model of a front axis of VW Passat is formulated. Six independent parameters of the damping characteristics are chosen as design variables. Criteria of ride comfort and car active safety are defined as a vector goal function. Constrained multi-criteria problem is solved by using genetic algorithm. Obtained Pareto-optimal solutions enable to choose the best one according to the designer preferences.
A process algebra based simulation model of a Diagnostic Radiology Department

In the last years, it's possible to observe a growing interest in applying in the health care sector tools and methods, which have been successfully applied in other service and industry sectors and have helped to improve planning and efficient use of resources, while maintaining high quality of the delivered service or product. Discrete event simulation represents a powerful and proven tool, which enables the experimentation of several possible solutions at relatively low cost. This paper is focused on the modeling and analysis of a Diagnostic Radiology Department (DRD) in an important Southern Italy hospital and adopts a discrete-event simulation approach based on a process algebra dialect, called $. Some "scenario" results are then illustrated in order to derive basic performance indicators of the system, which could be useful to hospital decision-makers and constitute a starting point for a deeper cost-benefit evaluation.
The contrasting invertebrate fauna of freshwater habitats in the Swavesey fens of East Anglia

The fenland landscape of East Anglia is dominated by intensive arable agriculture. As in much of lowland Britain, there have been losses of ponds (Barr et al. 1994), whilst managed linear drainage ditches are a feature of many field boundaries. However, there remain small pockets of land protected as wetland reserves (e.g. Wicken Fen and Woodwalton Fen) and other areas that remain subject to flooding and are consequently less heavily managed (e.g. the Ouse Washes). Most changes to landscape features were established prior to 1900, but new drainage schemes were still promoted as recently as the 1980s. Such a scheme at Swavesey on the Great Ouse floodplain provided opportunities to study the impacts of contrasting land use on a range of terrestrial (Mountford et al. 1994; Parish et al. 1994; Sparks & Parish 1995) and freshwater communities (present study).
Bio-electric current density imaging via an iterative algorithm with joint sparsity constraints

Neuronal current imaging aims at analyzing the functionality of the human brain through the localization of those regions where the neural current flows. The reconstruction of an electric current distribution from its magnetic field measured by sophisticated superconducting devices in a noninvasive way, gives rise to a highly ill-posed and ill-conditioned inverse problem. Assuming that each component of the current density vector possesses the same sparse representation with respect to a preassigned multiscale basis, allows us to apply new regularization techniques to the magnetic inverse problem. In particular, we use a joint sparsity constraint as a regularization term and we propose an efficient iterative thresholding algorithm to reconstruct the current distribution. Some bidimensional experiments are presented in order to show the algorithm properties.
Near‐dissociation expansions and dissociation energies for Mg+–(rare gas) bimers

This paper describes the use of fits to near‐dissociation expansions (NDE’s) for performing optimum vibrational level energy extrapolations to determine diatom dissociation energies, together with realistic estimates of the uncertainties due to model‐dependence. The imposition of extended near‐dissociation theory constraints on the leading deviation from limiting near‐dissociation behavior is introduced and applied for the first time. Fits of recently determined vibrational energies for Mg+–Ar, Mg+–Kr, and Mg+–Xe to near‐dissociation expansions yield improved estimates of the dissociation energies and realistic predictions for the total number and extrapolated energies of upper vibrational levels for both the A 2Π and X 2Σ+ states. A combined analysis of the data for the A 2Π1/2 and 2Π3/2 states, and of the vibrationally‐dependent spin–orbit splittings, yields particularly compact internally consistent results for these systems.
Alignment prediction in collaborative networks

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the alignment measurement in collaborative networks, using the fit concept and predictive performance measurement as its main enablers. A performance prediction approach is used in order to control a collaborative business network based not only in present and past performance measurements of each partner, but also taking into account the future behaviour of the intra‐ and inter‐organisational processes performance.Design/methodology/approach – An exploratory case study was applied to a Brazilian collaborative network and mathematical approaches normally used in control theory were adopted to support alignment measurement.Findings – The use of predictive measurements to manage the alignment between the results of inter‐organisational processes and performance targets set by the collaborative network.Research limitations/implications – This approach was applied in a specific supply chain network, based on three industrial companies. For other network typologi.
Interferometrical determination of concentric run-out errors in rotary tables for optical roundness measurement

For high-accuracy roundness measurements of ring gauges it is necessary to know the uncertainty input of the parasite influences to the recorded data. The experience in roundness measurements showed that one of the largest deviations is caused by the concentric run-out error of the utilized rotary table. A novel optical probe head basing on laser interferometers has a measurement resolution up to 20lpm to detect a relative change in length. Hence, it is a promising experiment to use this optical probe head technology for the concentric run-out detection. It is possible to show the accuracy potential in interferometrical form measurements of ring gauges. Therefore, the institute for process measurement and sensor technology developed an optical principle based on established and adapted measurement methods in concentric run-out error detection. The main goal is to increase the reproducibility of the whole measurement system by using the interferometrical sensor technologies for recording a table specific concentric run-out error. After that it is possible to correct the roundness measurement results in the future by subtraction of the recorded data from the roundness measurement data. This publication presents measurement results for the concentric run-out error of a system-integrated rotary table which includes air bearings. The investigations of this table show a maximal concentric run-out error of 537.51lnm. It was possible to determine this error with a reproducibility of 31.31lnm in maximum.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MICROCELL-BASED HYPERSENSITIVE ASSAY SYSTEM FOR THE REVERSE IONTOPHORETICALLY EXTRACTED GLUCOSE

Human interstitial fluid glucose (ISFG) of a non-diabetic volunteer’s skin was drawn transdermally by the reverse iontophoretic method. Concentrations of ISFG extracted by reverse iontophoresis at the cathodic extraction electrode were found to be extremely low in concentration as well as proportional to the blood glucose levels. In this study, the extracted ISFG sample were quantitatively analyzed by an amperometric method that utilized a high sensitivity flow type electrochemical cell to detect hydrogen peroxide; the product of the reaction between glucose and glucose oxidase(GOD). Also the pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) method was applied to overcome the difficulties in glucose detection under the condition that many interfering organic substances exist.
Business to Business Relationships: The Variables in the Context of Success

Distinctive feature of a modern market is close relationships among business companies seeking their goals. It is possible to achieve the goals when success of the relationships is ensured. The aim of the article is to systemize the success variables of business to business relationships. After the discussion about reasons of building and sustaining business to business relationships, business to business relationship types and formats, as well as the essence of success in the relationships, analysis of business to business success variables is carried out in two parts of the article: at first, the variables that affect the success of relationships sustained by different business subjects (buyers-sellers, supplier-distributor, producer-dealer, service providers and institutional consumers) are examined; secondly, the variables that have impact on different dimensions of relationships and thus lead to relationship success, are analysed.
79 – 84 IDENTIFICATION OF MEAT TYPES BY ULTRASONIC METHODS

The ability of identification of meat types using ultrasonic measurement was evaluated in this work. Four types of muscles were analyzed (turkey breast and thigh, and pork loin and ham). Ultrasonic measurements were performed at storage (5 ± 1C) and room (20 ± 1C) temperatures using the through-transmission technique and differential method of determination of sound velocity and the attenuation coefficient. The mean values of sound velocity for the breast, thigh, loin and ham were respectively: 1550.7, 1536.6, 1558.7, 1559.7 m/s at the storage temperature, and 1582.7, 1578.5, 1596.9, 1592.7 m/s at the room temperature. The mean values of the attenuation coefficient in the same order were: 21.3, 23.2, 30.6, 28.1 m and 22.2, 18.9, 22.0, 22.4 m. Statistically significant differences in the sound velocity were observed between pork and turkey muscles, therefore, the meat of those species can be identified based on ultrasound measurements of sound velocity. The attenuation coefficient cannot be applied in the identification of meat types due to absence of significant differences in the mean values. Symbols: A – amplitude of registered ultrasound signal, mV, c – sound velocity, m/s, d – distance between transducers (sample thickness), m, α – acoustic attenuation coefficient, m, t – temperature, oC, τ – time, μs.
Creative puzzlement: how deconstructing elements of object facilitates industrial design student’s imagination

Abstract This paper reports on a study that investigates how deconstructing the elements of an existing object prompts the industrial design student’s imagination. Design researchers have revealed that designers often keep their design representations e.g. idea sketches less resolved for exploring multiple interpretations or innovative ideas. Dealing with incomplete information is significant for their design imagination. What if industrial design students are given an image of object and asked to reduce/deconstruct its elements to explore different design concepts? Could it be an opportunity for their design imagination? In the study reported on this paper, two groups of design students were respectively given 2 different fidelity levels of the image represented the same French classical clock, and asked to explore new design concepts reducing/deconstructing its elements. The results revealed the patterns of the participants’ thinking process. Also, the different levels of visual fidelity appeared to lead each group to different approaches.
Iron fertilisation and century-scale effects of open ocean dissolution of olivine in a simulated CO 2 removal experiment

Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) approaches are efforts to reduce the atmospheric CO2 concentration. Herewe use amarine carbon cyclemodel to investigate the effects of oneCDR technique: the open ocean dissolution of the iron-containingmineral olivine.We analyse themaximumCDRpotential of an annual dissolution of 3Pg olivine during the 21st century and focus on the role of themicronutrient iron for the biological carbon pump.Distributing the products of olivine dissolution (bicarbonate, silicic acid, iron)uniformly in the global surface ocean has amaximumCDRpotential of 0.57gC/g-olivinemainly due to the alkalinisation of the ocean, with a significant contribution from the fertilisation of phytoplanktonwith silicic acid and iron. The part of the CDR caused by ocean fertilisation is not permanent, while theCO2 sequestered by alkalinisationwould be stored in the ocean as long as alkalinity is not removed from the system. For highCO2 emission scenarios theCDR potential due to the alkalinity input becomesmore efficient over timewith increasing ocean acidification. The alkalinity-induced CDRpotential scales linearly with the amount of olivine, while the iron-inducedCDR saturates at 113 PgCper century (on average 1.1 ~ PgCyr) for an iron input rate of 2.3TgFeyr (1%of the iron contained in 3 Pg olivine). The additional iron-relatedCO2 uptake occurs in the SouthernOcean and in the iron-limited regions of the Pacific. Effects of this approach on surface ocean pH are small 0.01 ( ) < .
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS ON THE HALO FORMATION OF THE PROTON BEAM FROM LEDA

From the experimental facility dedicated to beam-halo formation study at Los Alamos [1] many interesting experimental results have been obtained. The measured beam transverse charge profiles with significant halo particles due to beam envelope oscillation through the FODO channel, however, have not been understood yet by applying only particle-core model [1][2][3]. In this paper we try to reconstruct this experimentally obtained transverse charge profiles by applying another halo formation theory [4].
Production of outer membrane vesicles by the human pathogen Burkholderia cenocepacia : purification and preliminary characterization

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an autossomal recessive disease resulting from mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, leaving affected patients more susceptible to infection by bacteria. One group of bacteria, the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), is responsible for dangerous infections in these patients, due to their resistance to multiple antibiotics being therefore necessary to develop alternative treatments. Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) have been used for the development of vaccines against pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Burkholderia pseudomallei, with an OMV vaccine against N. meningitidis already available in the market. This study aimed at the development of a scalable production method of OMVs, in order to allow their use in vaccine development studies. OMVs from B. cenocepacia K56-2 were isolated and purified by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), however the final purity was not high, with OMVs still contaminated with pili and flagella. This prompted the development of an alternative strategy to obtain purified OMVs in which the strain used for OMV production was changed to B. cenocepacia AU1054 non piliated strain. With this strain it was possible to obtain contaminant-free OMVs after the isolation process, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). OMVs obtained from B. cenocepacia AU1054 were used to perform cytotoxic assays in 16HBE14ohuman bronchial epithelial cells and in Galleria melonella. 16HBE14ocells suffered reduced survival upon exposure to AU1054-derived OMVs, however this result was not reproduced in G. melonella, with all injected caterpillars surviving the assay.
2-D wave equation modeling and migration by a new finite difference scheme based on the Galerkin method

Summary 2-D wave equation modeling and migration using a new finite difference scheme based on the Galerkin method are presented. Since it involves the semi-descretization of the finite element method (FEM), it is also called the finite element and finite difference method (FE-FDM). For a 2-D acoustic wave equation, by using the semi-discretization technique of the finite element method (FEM) in the z direction with linear elements, the original problem can be written as a coupled system of lower dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs) that depend continuously upon time and space in the x direction. The fourth-order finite difference method (FDM) is used to solve these PDEs. The concept and principle are introduced in this paper. Compared with the explicit finite-difference method of the same accuracy, the stability condition becomes looser and shows an advantage over the conventional FDM. An absorbing boundary condition of fourth-order accuracy is used to prevent boundary reflections. In numerical experiments, comparison is made between a FE-FDM numerical solution and an analytic solution of the quarterplane. Here, FE-FDM is shown to be accurate in numerical computation. In addition, a constant velocity model with two irregular interfaces is simulated to obtain a poststack seismic section, which is then successfully migrated. These examples show the potential of FE-FDM in modeling and reverse-time migration.