Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
http://ijere.iaescore.com Improving students’ cognitive process in biology using concept mapping and cooperative mastery learning

2022 Students’ performance in biology in Rwanda National Examinations has been reported to be unsatisfactory. This demands teachers to shift to methods that enable students to acquire meaningful learning. In an attempt to cope with this situation, the effects of concept mapping (CM) and cooperative mastery learning (CML) on the cognitive process in biology among lower secondary school students in Nyamagabe district, Rwanda was investigated. A quasi-experimental non-equivalent pre-test, post-test control group design was applied to a sample of 449 senior secondary school two (SS2) students (224 males and 225 females) drawn from seven co-educational secondary schools purposively selected from 46 schools. The students were in CM (n=151), CML (n=144) and conventional teaching method (CTM) (n=154) groups. The biology Achievement Test with a reliability of 0.82 obtained from the Kuder Richardson (KR-21) formula was used to collect data. Analysis of Covariance and Bonferroni test were applied for data analysis. Findings revealed that CM and CML groups scored better in all cognitive domains tested than the CTM group. A statistically significant difference between CM and CML was observed in favor of the CM. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the CM and CML are capable of improving secondary school students’ mastery of the content taught at all levels of cognition. Therefore, learning with CM and CML could be a viable option for teachers for addressing attainment issues in
An Experimental Study on the Effect of Thrust Force on Motor Performance in Linear Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

Abstract In this paper, the effect of thrust force on motor performance in Linear Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (LPMSM) was investigated. This study was carried out as experimental and motor control method was used in scalar control. The effect of thrust force with the vertical and horizontal placement of permanent magnets (PMs) in the fixed part, which is called the secondary side (the PMs were placed in this section), was evaluated according to test results. Test results that have been obtained from computer program were given in the last part. According to test results, the horizontal placement of PM has a positive and significant contribution to the thrust force. In this context, motor performance has affected in a positive way.
Fátlan vegetációtípusok azonosítása légi hiperspektrális távérzékelési módszerrel

Munkánk során egy szikes táj vegetációtípusainak osztályozását végeztük el, légi hiperspektrális adatok felhasználásával. A munka célja a hiperspektrális adatok alkalmazhatóságának vizsgálata volt e komplex társulásoknál, eltérő képosztályozási módszerek alkalmazásával. Vizsgálatunkban hagyományos osztályozó eljárások (Maximum Likelihood Classifier – MLC, Random Forest – RF és Support Vector Machine – SVM) eredményességét teszteltük 10 és 30 pixeles tanítóterületek felhasználásával. A mozaikolt hiperspektrális felvételen a zajszűrés és az információnyerés céljából MNF transzformációt alkalmaztunk. A légi hiperspektrális felvétel AISA EAGLE II szenzorral készült 1m terepi felbontásban. Társulástani besorolás és felszínborítás alapján összesen 20 vegetációosztályt alakítottunk ki. Az osztályokat további négy főbb élőhelykategóriába soroltuk: sztyeppék, nyílt szikes gyepek, szikes rétek, szikes és nem szikes mocsarak. Az SVM és az RF osztályozó eljárások, a pixelek számától függetlenül, majdnem minden vegetációosztálynál megbízhatóan működtek, nagy osztályozási pontosságot adtak. Az MLC bár nagy mintaszámnál nagy pontosságú osztályozást eredményezett, kis mintaszámnál számos osztály esetében alacsony megbízhatósággal működött. Az eredmények alapján elmondható, hogy a komplex fátlan táji környezetben a vegetáció osztályozásra az SVM megfelelő osztályozó lehet, mivel nagyobb pontosságot nyújt, mint az RF és az MLC. Az SVM bizonyult a legkevésbé érzékenynek a tanító területek mintáinak méretére, így alkalmas lehet azokban az esetekben, amikor néhány osztálynál az elérhető pixelek száma korlátozottan áll rendelkezésre.
LSU Digital Commons LSU Digital Commons Acute Lung Injury Results from Innate Sensing of Viruses by an ER Acute Lung Injury Results from Innate Sensing of Viruses by an ER Stress Pathway Stress Pathway

SUMMARY Incursions of new pathogenic viruses into humans from animal reservoirs are occurring with alarming frequency. The molecular underpinnings of immune recognition, host responses, and pathogenesis in this setting are poorly understood. We studied pandemic inﬂuenza viruses to determine the mechanism by which increasing glycosylation during evolution of surface proteins facilitates diminished pathogenicity in adapted viruses. ER stress during infection with poorly glycosylated pandemic strains activated the unfolded protein response, leading to inﬂammation, acute lung injury, and mortality. Seasonal strains or viruses engineered to mimic adapted viruses displaying excess glycans on the hemagglutinin did not cause ER stress, allowing preservation of the lungs and survival. We propose that ER stress measurements with Tukey test for multiple comparisons was conducted for weight loss data over a period of 15 days. A p value of <0.05 for these comparisons. (GraphPad) software was used for all statistical analyses.
On rationality of C-graded vertex algebras and applications to Weyl vertex algebras under conformal flow

Using the Zhu algebra for a certain category of [Formula: see text]-graded vertex algebras V, we prove that if V is finitely Ω-generated and satisfies suitable grading conditions, then V is rational, i.e., it has semi-simple representation theory, with a one-dimensional level zero Zhu algebra. Here, Ω denotes the vectors in V that are annihilated by lowering the real part of the grading. We apply our result to the family of rank one Weyl vertex algebras with conformal element ω μ parameterized by [Formula: see text] and prove that for certain non-integer values of μ, these vertex algebras, which are non-integer graded, are rational, with a one-dimensional level zero Zhu algebra. In addition, we generalize this result to appropriate [Formula: see text]-graded Weyl vertex algebras of arbitrary ranks.
Experimental Demonstration of STT-MRAM-based Nonvolatile Instantly On/Off System for IoT Applications: Case Studies

Energy consumption has been a big challenge for electronic devices, particularly for battery-powered Internet of Things (IoT) equipment. To address such a challenge, on the one hand, low-power electronic design methodologies and novel power management techniques have been proposed, such as nonvolatile memories and instantly on/off systems; on the other hand, the energy harvesting technology by collecting signals from human activity or the environment has attracted widespread attention in the IoT area. However, the system with self-powered energy harvesting may suffer frequent energy failures or fluctuating energy conditions, which degrade system reliability and user experience. Therefore, how to make the system under unreliable power inputs operate correctly and efficiently is one of the most critical issues for energy harvesting technology. In this article, we built an instantly on/off system based on nonvolatile STT-MRAM for IoT applications, which can instantly power on/off under different conditions of the harvested energy. The system powers on and operates normally when the harvested energy is enough (over the preset threshold); otherwise, the system powers off and stores the operational data back to the nonvolatile STT-MRAM. We described implementations of the hardware/software co-designed architecture (with image acquisition as an example) based on the commercialized 32 MB STT-MRAM, and we experimentally demonstrated the system functionality and efficiency under five typical energy harvesting scenarios, including radio frequency, thermal, solar, piezoelectric, and WIFI. Our experimental results show that the power consumption and data restore time were reduced by 15.1% and 714 times, respectively, in comparison with the DRAM-based counterpart.
An Identification of Efficient Vessel Feature for Endoscopic Analysis

An indispensable chore in computer–aided Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) is the typical feature detection. In some of the distinctive conditions in MIS imaging such as texture homogeneous areas specular reflections uses general feature point detectors for drawing out the feature points which are less distinct and repeatable in MIS images. We examine that a new set of image feature can be taken out from the copious blood vessels which are obtainable from the tissue surfaces. Two types of blood vessel feature are put forward for endoscopic image analysis in this proposed paper: branching segments and branching points. Ridgeness Based Circle Test (RBCT) and Ridgeness Based Branching Segment Detection (RBSD) are the two new proposed methods used to obtain the branching points and branching segments from the blood vessels. To estimate the working effectiveness of the proposed method extensive in vivo experiments are carried out and the state-of-the-art method is used to evaluate them. In MIS images, the blood vessels from the tissue surfaces can yield enormous large number of points, which is proved from the numerical results. The points produced by the blood vessels are more robust and repeatable when compared with other types of feature points. This type of feature detection can be used as a new tool for the analysis of MIS images in endoscopy. Thus, the proposed method for detecting feature point is very efficient and robust in nature.
Design of a Novel Compound Eye System

Much progress has been made in the field of digital imaging technology with the widespread use of CMOS and CCD devices and the high computing power of IC chips. However, there still are many technological problems to overcome to achieve lightweight and affordable high density 3D lossless imaging for both industrial and scientific applications. This paper will focus on the latest development of freeform optical technology and powerful image analysis techniques to develop a compound eye camera system so as to extract the 3D relative position coordinates of the sub-object in the field of view, and to compensate the shadow effect in the images caused by the non-uniform illumination to obtain high quality lossless images. Such a novel compound eye system will find applications in delivering 3D image of digital camera, increasing capability of scientific profiling measuring instrument, and lowering cost and enhancing resolution of wide-field, video-rate, gigapixel cameras such as the AWARE designed by Duke University.The main objective of this paper is to design a novel compound eye system from high definition 3D lossless digital imaging technology to achieve the realistic three-dimensional positional information of the object in both near and far fields. In the imaging process, the ultimate imaging quality is affected and limited by the resolution of the detector, the field of view, wavefront aberration, resolution of the optical imaging system and the ambient light.The novel compound eye imaging system includes two modules: one is the optical imaging module with compound eye optical elements with other secondary optical lenses, while the other one is the image analysis module. By combining the above optical hardware with the image analysis software, the relative position information of the sub-objects in the picture and the lighting condition of the environment can be deduced accurately.
Clinical implications of the universal definition for the prevention and treatment of heart failure

The diagnosis of heart failure (HF) primarily relies on signs and symptoms that are neither sensitive nor specific. This impedes timely diagnosis and delays effective therapies or interventions, despite the availability of several evidence‐based treatments for HF. Through monumental collaborative efforts from representatives of HF societies worldwide, the universal definition of HF was published in 2021, to provide the necessary standardized framework required for clinical management, clinical trials, and research. This review elaborates the key concepts of the new universal definition of HF, highlighting the key merits and potential avenues, which can be nuanced further in future iterations. We also discuss the key implications of the universal definition document from the perspectives of various stakeholders within the healthcare framework, including patients, care providers, system/payers and policymakers.
Relative configuration of Cys‐Pro ester peptides in thioester formation

A peptide containing a cysteinyl prolyl ester (CPE) moiety at the C‐terminus (CPE peptide) was transformed into a diketopiperazine (DKP) thioester via an intramolecular N–S acyl shift reaction and was then used for peptide ligation. The difference in reactivity between the CPE peptide stereoisomers was examined. In reactions of the CPE peptides that contained L‐Cys‐L‐Pro or D‐Cys‐D‐Pro, the desired DKP thioester was formed at the preceding amino acid residue. On the other hand, in reactions of the CPE peptides that contained D‐Cys‐L‐Pro or L‐Cys‐D‐Pro, a thiolactone was formed at the C‐terminal prolyl ester, and the ligation occurred at the C‐terminal Pro residue. Using this reaction, it was possible to efficiently prepare a cyclic peptide.
Effect of deformation conditions on compression phase transformation of AZ31

Abstract In this article, the compression simulation of AZ31 magnesium alloy is simulated by the molecular dynamics method. The effects of loading mode, temperature, and strain rate on the compression behavior are analyzed. The lattice distortion, mechanical behavior, structural evolution, and dislocation evolution in the compression process are deeply analyzed, and the results of different loading modes are obtained. The hexagonal close-packed (HCP) → face-centered cubic (FCC) phase transformation mechanism of AZ31 magnesium alloy during compression at temperature and strain rate, which is related to the mechanical behavior, has been studied completely. This article perfects the research on the compression behavior of magnesium alloys, excavates the application potential of magnesium alloys, and provides a new idea for improving the processing technology and developing high-performance magnesium alloys.
An intelligent approach for reservoir quality evaluation in tight sandstone reservoir using gradient boosting decision tree algorithm

Abstract This article focuses on the study of identifying the quality of tight sandstone reservoirs based on machine learning. The machine learning method – Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) algorithm is used to design and classify reservoir quality. First, it is based on logging data, core observation, cast thin section, and reservoir physical statistics. The permeability, porosity, resistivity, mud content, sand-to-ground ratio, and sand thickness were preferred as reservoir evaluation criteria in the area, and the gray correlation method was used to obtain reservoir quality categories and construct training datasets. The machine learning GBDT algorithm is used to train and test the obtained dataset. It is found that the recognition accuracy of the GBDT model is 95% by confusion matrix analysis. In addition, it is compared with four commonly used reservoir prediction methods (Bayesian discriminant method, random forest, support vector machine, and artificial neural network) for verifying the reliability of the GBDT model. Finally, the GBDT model is used to identify the reservoir quality of the study area, and it is well verified in the production data. The research results show that the GBDT model can become an important tool for rapid and real-time tight sandstone reservoir evaluation.
Mechanical low-frequency filter via modes separation in 3D periodic structures

This work presents a strategy to design three-dimensional elastic periodic structures endowed with complete bandgaps, the first of which is ultra-wide, where the top limits of the first two bandgaps are overstepped in terms of wave transmission in the finite structure. Thus, subsequent bandgaps are merged, approaching the behaviour of a three-dimensional low-pass mechanical filter. This result relies on a proper organization of the modal characteristics, and it is validated by performing numerical and analytical calculations over the unit cell. A prototype of the analysed layout, made of Nylon by means of additive manufacturing, is experimentally tested to assess the transmission spectrum of the finite structure, obtaining good agreement with numerical predictions. The presented strategy paves the way for the development of a class of periodic structures to be used in robust and reliable wave attenuation over a wide frequency band.
Flexible cognition in context-modulated reservoir networks

The brains of all animals are plastic, allowing us to form new memories, adapt to new environments, and to learn new tasks. What is less clear is how much plasticity is required to perform these cognitive functions: does learning require widespread plasticity across the brain, or can learning occur with more rigid networks, in which plasticity is highly localized? Here, we use biologically-inspired recurrent neural network (RNN) models to show that rapid multitask learning can be accomplished in reservoir-style networks, in which synaptic plasticity is sparse and highly localized. Crucially, only RNNs initialized with highly specific combinations of network properties, such as topology, normalization and reciprocal connection strength, are capable of such learning. Finally, we show that this rapid learning with localized plasticity can be accomplished with purely local error signals, without backpropagation, using a reinforcement learning setup. This work suggests that rapid learning in artificial (and potentially biological) agents can be accomplished with mostly-rigid networks, in which synaptic plasticity is highly constrained.
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Independent Gene Expression Signature in CML Offers New Targets for LSPC Eradication Therapy

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have revolutionised the treatment of CML. However, TKI do not eliminate the leukaemia stem cells (LSC), which can reinitiate the disease. Thus, finding new therapeutic targets in CML LSC is key to finding a curative treatment. Using microarray datasets, we defined a list of 227 genes which were differentially expressed in CML LSC compared to healthy controls but were not affected by TKI in vitro. Two of them, CD33 and PPIF, are targeted by gemtuzumab-ozogamicin and cyclosporin A, respectively. We treated CML and control CD34+ cells with either drug with or without imatinib to investigate the therapeutic potential of the TKI-independent gene expression programme. Cyclosporine A in combination with imatinib reduced the number of CML CFC compared with non-CML controls, but only at supra-therapeutic concentrations. Gemtuzumab-ozogamicin showed a EC50 of 146ng/mL, below the plasma peak concentration of 630ng/mL observed in AML patients and below the EC50 of 3247ng/mL observed in non-CML cells. Interestingly, gemtuzumab-ozogamicin seems to promote cell cycle progression in CML CD34+ cells and demonstrated activation of the RUNX1 pathway in a RNAseq experiment. This suggests that targeting the TKI-independent genes in CML LSC could be exploited for the development of new therapies in CML. 1 Simple summary Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is initiated by a group of cancer cells called leukaemia stem cells (LSC). These LSC can survive current tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatments and upon treatment withdrawal, are able to re-initiate the disease. Thus, eradicating the LSC would likely cure CML. In this study, we have identified a number of genes which expression is different between LSC and their healthy counterparts (haematopoietic stem cells) but are not affected by TKI treatment. We hypothesised that these genes may be potential therapeutic targets against LSC and used two different drugs, gemtuzumab-ozogamicin and cyclosporine A, to treat CML in vitro. We found that both drugs have a stronger effect on CML cells than in healthy cells. Therefore, we propose that the list of genes we identified could represent a novel source of therapeutic targets against CML.
Structural insights into the assembly of gp130 family cytokine signaling complexes

The gp130 family cytokine signaling complexes have limited structural information despite their crucial roles in various cellular processes. We determined cryo-EM structures of several complexes of this family, containing full ectodomains of both signaling receptors bound to their respective ligands CNTF, CLCF1, LIF, IL-27, and IL-6. Our structures reveal that gp130 serves as a central receptor by engaging Site 2 of CNTF, CLCF1, LIF, and IL-6, and Site 3 of IL-27 and IL-6. The acute bends at both signaling receptors in all complexes bring the membrane-proximal domains to a ~30 Å range but with distinct distances and orientations, which might determine biological specificities of these cytokines. We also reveal how CLCF1 engages its secretion chaperone CRLF1. Our data provide valuable insights for therapeutically targeting gp130-mediated signaling.
The Effects of RNA.DNA-DNA Triple Helices on Nucleosome Structures and Dynamics

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are an emerging epigenetic factor and have been recognized as playing a key role in many gene expression pathways. Structurally, binding of ncRNAs to isolated DNA is strongly dependent on sequence complementary, and results in the formation of an RNA.DNA-DNA (RDD) triple helix. However, in vivo DNA is not isolated, but is packed in chromatin fibers, the fundamental unit of which is the nucleosome. Biochemical experiments have shown that ncRNA binding to nucleosomal DNA is elevated at DNA entry and exit sites and is dependent on the presence of the H3 N-terminal tails. However, the structural and dynamical bases for these mechanisms remains unknown. Here, we have examined the mechanisms and effects of RDD formation in the context of the nucleosome using a series of all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. Results highlight the importance of DNA sequence on complex stability, elucidate the effects of the H3 tails on RDD structures, show how RDD formation impacts the structure and dynamics of the H3 tails, and show how RNA alters the local and global DNA double helical structure. Together, our results suggest ncRNAs can modify nucleosome, and potentially higher-order chromatin, structures and dynamics as a means of exerting epigenetic control. SIGNIFICANCE Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play an essential role in gene regulation by binding to DNA and forming RNA.DNA-DNA (RDD) triple helices. In the cell, this occurs in the context where DNA is not a free double helix but is instead condensed into chromatin fibers. At the fundamental level, this compaction involves wrapping approximately 147 DNA basepairs around eight histone proteins to form the nucleosome. Here, we have used molecular dynamics simulations to understand the interplay between the structure and dynamics of RDD triple helices with the nucleosome. Results highlight the importance of RNA sequence on RDD stability regardless of its environment and suggest potential mechanisms for cross-talk between epigenetic factors and the effects of ncRNA binding on local and higher-order chromatin structures.