Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Semi-automatic segmentation by a double labeling method

This paper proposes a semi-automatic segmentation algorithm using a double labeling method. Semi-automatic segmentation consists of intra-frame segmentation and inter-frame segmentation. For intra-frame segmentation, we obtain a globally labeled mask from the boundary information provided by the user and a locally labeled mask from the intensity information of the image itself. By merging the globally and locally labeled masks, we complete the intra-frame segmentation operation. Inter-frame segmentation is accomplished by tracking the video objects (VOs) that are defined from intra-frame segmentation. Semi-automatic segmentation using the double labeling method resolves the object correspondence problem, which is inherent in automatic segmentation.
Linear System Theory and Design

From the Publisher: An extensive revision of the author's highly successful text, this third edition of Linear System Theory and Design has been made more accessible to students from all related backgrounds. After introducing the fundamental properties of linear systems, the text discusses design using state equations and transfer functions. The two main objectives of the text are to: use simple and efficient methods to develop results and design procedures; enable students to employ the results to carry out design. Striking a balance between theory and applications, Linear System Theory and Design, 3/e, is ideal for use in advanced undergraduate/first-year graduate courses in linear systems and multivariable system design in electrical, mechanical, chemical, and aeronautical engineering departments. It assumes a working knowledge of linear algebra and the Laplace transform and an elementary knowledge of differential equations.
Multiphysics simulation of microwave processing using a multidomain coupled solver approach

Microwave processing of materials is numerically simulated using a coupled solver approach. Microwave heating is a complex coupled process due to the variation in dielectric properties during heating. The effects of heating an object in a electromagnetic field directly influence the manner in which it interacts with the field. Simplifying assumptions and empirical solutions do not capture the fundamental physics involved and, in general, do not provide usefully accurate solutions in a number of practical problems. In order to capture the underlying processes involved in microwave heating, the problem must be looked at in a holistic manner rather than a number of discrete processes. This contribution outlines a coupled-solver multiphysics analysis approach to the solution of practical microwave heating problems. The approach utilises a dedicated electromagnetic Yee scheme [1] Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) solver which is closely coupled to an unstructured Finite Volume Method (UFVM) multi-physics package [2]. Two overlapping numerical domains are defined; the microwave oven cavity and waveguide are meshed for analysis of electric field distribution, whilst the object being processed is meshed for thermophysical analysis. The two solution domains are linked using a cross-mapping routine which uses a spatial sampling approach to link the domains. The implementation of the numerical model is fully described by Tilford et al [3]. The analysis process is expedited through parallelisation of the code using both MPI and OpenMP techniques. The coupled solver approach has a number of advantages over traditional co-incident cell coupling methods. The two solution meshes are completely independent of each other, allowing thermophysical analysis to be confined to the volume enclosed by object being processed. The meshes can be moved independently of each other enabling rotation and/or translation of the load to be considered. Additionally the discretisation of the FDTD can be varied throughout the heating process to maintain numerical accuracy whilst minimising computational expense. Two examples of application of the approach are outlined in this contribution. Both are complex multi-physics problems involving coupling between disparate physical processes. Firstly, numerical analysis of microwave thawing of a frozen food product in a domestic microwave oven is performed. The load is rotated on the oven turntable throughout the heating time. The bowl is not rotationally symmetrical and is placed a small distance from the centre of the turntable. Throughout the heating period the food
Xml query use cases

This document specifies usage scenarios for the W3C XML Query data model, algebra, and query language. Status of this document The material in this document was previously contained in the W3C XML Requirements. Due to its length, we have placed it in a separate document. This is a W3C Working Draft for review by W3C Members and other interested parties. It is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or made obsolete by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use W3C Working Drafts as reference material or to cite them as other than "work in progress". This is work in progress and does not imply endorsement by the W3C membership. This document has been produced as part of the W3C XML Activity, following the procedures set out for the W3C Process. The document has been written by the XML Query Working Group ( W3C members only). The goals of the XML Query working group are discussed in the XML Query Working Group charter ( W3C members only). The XML Query Working Group feels that the contents of this Working Draft are relatively stable, and therefore encourages feedback on this version. Comments on this document should be sent to the W3C mailing list www-xml-querycomments@w3.org (archived at http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-xml-query-comments/). XML Query Use Cases Page 2 of 78 http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlquery-use-cases 8/9/2001 A list of current W3C Recommendations and other technical documents can be found at http://www.w3.org/TR/.
A method of analyzing information represented in neural networks

This paper proposes a new method of analyzing the information represented in multilayer neural networks. We define a function that estimates the degree of dependence of an output unit on an input unit. The value of this function can be used to investigate whether a learnt network detects the features in training patterns. Two series of computer simulations are presented: one for the investigation of the basic characteristic of this function and the other one for the application of our method to a simple pattern classification task.
Spatio-Temporal Kinematic Decomposition of Movements

We propose the new experimental method for investigating and approximating the organization and structure of movements with given accuracy. The composition of approximating trajectories illuminating the movement traits discloses the level of movement expertise in dancers and golf players. The method allows estimating the level of movement expertise, drawing the detailed structure of movements, and classifying movements into a given repertoire automatically.
An indexing model for object-oriented database systems

In an OODBS (object-oriented database system), access to the persistent objects (i.e. objects stored in secondary memory) dramatically influences the system efficiency because of their size and data structure. In a relational DBS, special data structures, called indexes, are used for speeding up the process of locating data according to requirements of specific applications. It is argued that indexes in OODBS should be used for accelerating the process of locating data and for improving the reconstruction of objects in main memory. Since the structure of objects can be complex, other objects, which are part of the retrieved object, can be involved in the read operation. An examination is made of the specific tasks that an indexing mechanism should perform within an OODBS. A uniform view is given of different indexing strategies, from a logical point of view. A simple data model for objects is described. The indexing abstract model and three indexing techniques for OODBS are also presented. <<ETX>>
On modifying the weights in a modular recurrent connectionist system

A modular recurrent connectionist architecture is proposed to classify binary and continuous patterns. This system consists of three networks: one feedforward backpropagation (BP) network and two self-organization map (SOM) networks. The feedforward (basic) network is trained until a saturation error level occurs. Simultaneously, the first SOM (input control) network and the last SOM (output control) define the mapping features for the given input/output patterns. The resultant features are used by a Gaussian potential function to adjust the weights of the basic network and to classify the given patterns. <<ETX>>
Cobweb/3: A portable implementation

An algorithm is examined for data clustering and incremental concept formation. An overview is given of the Cobweb/3 system and the algorithm on which it is based, as well as the practical details of obtaining and running the system code. The implementation features a flexible user interface which includes a graphical display of the concept hierarchies that the system constructs.
Novel MOS resistive circuit for synthesis of fully integrated continuous-time filters

This paper describes a new MOS resistive circuit containing four matched MOS transistors. It allows to fully integrate known active RC filter structures on a single chip without externals components. Integrator, summer and lossy integrator circuits with a single operational amplifier are shown. The new circuits improve on previously suggested MOS active filters.
From Plant Data to Process Control: Ideas for Process Identification and PID Design

1. Introduction 2. Modelling from Noisy Step Response Data Using Laguerre Fuctions 3. Least Squares and the PRESS Statistic using Orthogonal Decomposition 4. Frequency Sampling Filters in Process Identification 5. From FSF Models to Step Response Models 6. New Frequency Domain PID Controller Design Method 7. Tuning Rules for PID Controllers 8. Recursive Estimation from Relay Feedback Experiments Bibliography Index
Neural networks for web page classification based on augmented PCA

Automatic categorization is the only viable method to deal with the scaling problem of the World Wide Web (WWW). In this paper, we propose a news web page classification method (WPCM). The WPCM uses a neural network with inputs obtained by both the principal components and class profile-based features (CPBF). Each news web page is represented by the term-weighting scheme. As the number of unique words in the collection set is big, the principal component analysis (PCA) has been used to select the most relevant features for the classification. Then the final output of the PCA is augmented with the feature vectors from the class-profile which contains the most regular words in each class before feeding them to the neural networks. We have manually selected the most regular words that exist in each class and weighted them using an entropy weighting scheme. The fixed number of regular words from each class will be used as a feature vectors together with the reduced principal components from the PCA. These feature vectors are then used as the input to the neural networks for classification. The experimental evaluation demonstrates that the WPCM method provides acceptable classification accuracy with the sports news datasets.
Bergen Alışveriş Bağımlılığı Ölçeği’nin Kompülsif Çevrimiçi Satın Alma Davranışına Uyarlanması

Amac: Bu arastirmanin amaci Bergen Alisveris Bagimliligi Olcegi’nin cevrimici alisverislerde kullanilmak uzere olusturulan formu olan Kompulsif Cevrimici Satin Alma Olcegi’nin (KCSA) Turkce formunun gecerlik, guvenirlik calismasinin yapilmasidir. Yontem: Olcek 28 maddedir ve calismaya Turkiye genelinde 52 ilden % 71.3’u kadin (n=194), % 28.7’si erkek (n=78) olmak uzere toplam 272 katilimci katilmistir. Arastirmaya kompulsif satin alma davranisi ile karakterize oldugu dusunulen internet bagimliligi, durtusellik, materyalizm, yalnizlik, yasam doyumu, depresyon-anksiyete ve stres degiskenleri de dahil edilmistir. Bulgular: Gelistirilen olcegin Cronbach Alfa ic tutarlilik katsayisi . 95 olarak bulunmustur. Olcegin yapi gecerligini ortaya koyabilmek icin acimlayici faktor analizinden faydalanilmis, faktor yapisi sinanmis ve olcegin 5 faktorlu oldugu gorulmustur. Bu faktorler problem-catisma-nuks, dusunceyle mesgul olma, duygu durum duzenleme, geri cekilme ve tolerans olarak adlandirilmistir. Ortaya cikan modelin orijinali ile buyuk oranda uyumlu oldugu gorulmustur Ayrica korelasyon analizi sonuclarinda KCSA olcegi ile internet bagimliligi ve materyalizm arasinda pozitif korelasyon bulunmustur. Sonuc: Sonuc olarak, yapilan analizlere gore KCSA’nin internet alisverisi bagimliligi olcumunde kullanilmak uzere ulkemizde yeterli duzeyde gecerli ve guvenilir degerlere sahip oldugu gorulmustur.
Questions & answers in magnetic resonance imaging

Approximately 100 of the most frequently asked questions about physical principles, hardware and equipment, image production, imaging techniques, safety issues, artifacts, contrast agents, flow phenomena, and MR angiography are addressed in this book. Questions are followed by one to two paragraph answers and pertinent references. Instructive line drawings, tables, and carefully selected MR images clarify and reinforce key information. The questions are grouped by topic into ten sections on: introduction to MR imaging, physical principles of NMR, hardware considerations, image production, gradient echo imaging, MR artifacts, flow phenomena and MR angiography, MR contrast agents, advanced MR imaging techniques, and safety and biological effects.
A Language for Parallel and Distributed Programming

This paper introduces the newest version of the SR concurrent programming language and illustrates how it provides support for different execution environments, ranging from shared-memory multiprocessors to distributed systems. SR uses a few well-integrated mechanisms for concurrency to provide flexible, yet efficient, support for parallel and distributed programming. This paper gives several realistic examples to illustrate these language mechanisms.
A new ternary MVL based completion detection method for the design of self-timed circuits using dynamic CMOS logic

The performance and success of many self-timed design methodologies commonly rely heavily on completion detection schemes in order to reliably acknowledge the termination of a computation associated with a self-timed functional block. A particularly vexing problem associated with many self-timed completion detection schemes proposed in the literature, is the task of implementing the robust and successful generation of a completion done signal, denoting the termination of a self-timed event, on every computation handled by a self-timed functional block. Many research groups who have focused on the development of asynchronous self-timed design methodologies have proposed methods to successfully detect the completion of a self-timed computation. However, a universally acceptable solution that successfully detects the completion of a self-timed event on every cycle of computation for an arbitrary self-timed functional block, remains to this day, an elusive technical issue. A specific case, related to data conditioning, that proves to be fundamentally problematic in many self-timed completion detection schemes that have been proposed, involves the successful generation of a selftimed components' completion detection signal on consecutive cycles of computation. This is equivalent to cases where the nature of the input data is such that the resulting output generated on subsequent computational cycles is the same as the previous cycles' result ("same state similarity"). In this paper, the authors' propose a novel approach to completion detection, for use in asynchronous self-timed designs, that employs a ternary multiple valued logic ("MVL") approach using dynamic CMOS circuit design techniques, that guarantees the fail-proof generation of event termination on every self-timed computational cycle, including cases of same state similarity.
Physically Based Rendering: From Theory to Implementation

Physically Based Rendering: From Theory to Implementation, Third Edition, describes both the mathematical theory behind a modern photorealistic rendering system and its practical implementation. Through a method known as 'literate programming', the authors combine human-readable documentation and source code into a single reference that is specifically designed to aid comprehension. The result is a stunning achievement in graphics education. Through the ideas and software in this book, users will learn to design and employ a fully-featured rendering system for creating stunning imagery. This completely updated and revised edition includes new coverage on ray-tracing hair and curves primitives, numerical precision issues with ray tracing, LBVHs, realistic camera models, the measurement equation, and much more. It is a must-have, full color resource on physically-based rendering. Presents up-to-date revisions of the seminal reference on rendering, including new sections on bidirectional path tracing, numerical robustness issues in ray tracing, realistic camera models, and subsurface scattering Provides the source code fora complete rendering systemallowing readers to get up and running fast Includes a unique indexing feature, literate programming, that lists the locations of each function, variable, and method on the page where they are first describedServes as an essential resource on physically-based rendering
The application of the second‐order accurate FDTD techniques at planar dielectric interface in three‐dimensional case

The second‐order accurate FDTD equations at planar dielectric interfaces in three‐dimensional case are straightforwardly presented based on the second‐order accurate FDTD techniques in the TEx and TMx polarization modes proposed previously. Numerical experiments are carried out to verify the better accuracy of the method in this article than the conventional FDTD equations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 871–875, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23245
Multiscale Image Representation and Texture Extraction in Curvelet Framework

In order to achieve a multiscale image representation and texture extraction for textured image, a hierarchical decomposition model is proposed. Firstly, the model is replaced by the fixed scale parameter of the original decomposition with a varying sequence in a curvelet framework. To achieve a multiscale representation, a refinement decomposition to the residual of the previous step is performed. In this manner, we can obtain a hierarchical representation of the given image. Various numerical results on decomposition of images are presented and they show that the model is valid.
Applying comb filter to noise reduction of hearing aid

We developed a noise reduction method for a digital hearing aid. In order to utilize the comb filter method for noise reduction, a detection method of fundamental frequency of human voice is developed using the time continuous property of spectrum envelopes, and the suppression methods of strange sounds accompanying the filtering are also developed. Performance of the noise reduction was verified by test hearing. We conclude that the proposed method is effective for noise reduction of the hearing aid.
Algorithms for the study of RNA and protein structure

The growth in the number of known sequences and structures of RNA and protein molecules has led to the need to solve many computationally demanding problems in the analysis of RNA and protein structure. This thesis describes algorithms for structural comparison of RNA and protein molecules. In the case of proteins, it also describes a technique for automatically generating two-dimensional diagrammatic representations for visual comparison. A general technique for parallelizing dynamic programs in a straightforward way, by means of a shared lock-free hash table implementation and randomization of subproblem ordering is described. This generic approach is applied to several well-known dynamic programs, as well as a dynamic program for structural alignment of RNA molecules by aligning their base pairing probability matrices. Two algorithms for protein structure and substructure searching are described. These algorithms are also capable offindingnon-sequentialmatches, that is,matches between structures where the sequential order of secondary structure elements is not preserved. The first algorithm is based on the relaxation of an earlier quadratic integer problem (QIP) formulation to a quadratic program (QP). The second algorithm uses the same formulation but approximates it using simulated annealing. It is shown that this results in significant increases in speed. This algorithm is also capable of greater accuracy when assessed as a fold recognition method. A parallel implementation of this algorithm on modern graphics processing unit (GPU) hardware is also described. This parallel implementation results in a further significant speedup, and, to the best of our knowledge, is the first use of a GPU for the protein structural search problem. Finally, a system to automatically generate two-dimensional representations of protein structure is described. Such diagrams are particularly useful in analysing complex protein folds. A method for using these diagrams as an interface to the protein substructure search methods is also described.
REVIEWING SOME SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES IN L1 AND L2 LEXICAL DEVELOPMENT

This paper reviews the literature on similarities and differences between first and second language lexical acquisition. After a brief discussion of differences in input, we go on to early lexical development, considering both the speed of acquisition as well as possible reasons for more efficient lexical learning in first language acquisition as compared to second language acquisition. We discuss the role of phonological representations in facilitating the extraction of units from incoming speech. We continue with a discussion of unanalysed units, arguing that their role as a stepping stone into language is much the same in first and second language acquisition. Finally, we review methods for investigating the first and second language lexicons.
Gröbner Basis of Non-Negative Matrix Factorization and Feature Extraction of Cross-Site Scripting Attacks

Non negative matrix factorization (NMF) is the method to decompose a non negative matrix into two non negative matrices. NMF is used in many fields for extracting some features and the effectiveness had been recognized in the application for the analysis of sound signal or text mining. However, its theoretical verification is not easy because NMF is not an unique. In this paper, we investigate on an affine algebraic variety of NMF, and propose the feature extraction method of cross-site scripting attacks.