Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feeding habits of Kammal thryssa Thryssa kammalensis (Bleeker, 1849) in the coastal waters of Gadeok-do, Korea

The feeding habits of Thryssa kammalensis was studied using 430 specimens collected from October 2010 to September 2011 in the coastal waters of Gadeok-do, Korea. T. kammalensis in the coastal waters of Gadeok-do was carnivorous predator and planktonic feeder with a wide variety of prey items such as arrowworm, copepods, crab larvae, shrimp larvae, and fish eggs. In addition, T. kammalensis consumed mainly arrowworm, copepods, crab larvae, shrimp larvae, fish eggs, and the diet also included small quantities of cladocerans, amphipods, bivalve larvae, mysids, and euphausiids. On the other hand, the body length (BL) of T. kammalensis specimens ranged from 5.9 to 15.1 cm. Size-related variations in dietary composition of T. kammalensis were not significant that overlap indexes of each major food items that showed very high values in all size classes, representing more than 0.80. Arrowworms were the dominant prey item in all sizes, and copepods were the next most frequent prey item consumed in all size classes. Seasonal changes in dietary composition of T. kammalensis were significant. However, overlap indexes of each major food items in some season showed very high values of 0.80 (between spring and winter) and 0.85 (between summer and autumn). Copepods were most frequently eaten in the spring and winter. Moreover, arrowworm were the dominant prey item in summer and autumn. Mean numbers of prey per stomach (mN/ST) changed significantly with size groups (P < 0.05), but mean wet weight of preys per stomach (mW/ST) showed an opposite tendency (P > 0.05).
Regional Differentiation and Sex-Biased Dispersal among Populations of the Horseshoe Crab Limulus polyphemus

Abstract Fourteen microsatellite DNA loci were surveyed in 892 horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus collected from 21 sites ranging from Franklin, Maine, to the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. This rangewide survey revealed a high degree of genetic diversity (up to 50 alleles per locus) and heterozygosity (up to 97.2%). There appears to be substantial gene flow between each population and its nearest neighbors. The correlation of genetic distance and geographic distance supports isolation by distance as a mechanism underlying the structure of L. polyphemus along the Atlantic coast of North America. Two statistical descriptors, mean assignment percentage and assignment variance, suggested the presence of male-biased dispersal throughout the study area. Within the continuum of isolation by distance and in the presence of male-biased dispersal, the clustering of specific collections on a tree of genetic distances and hierarchical gene diversity analyses demonstrate discrete regional units. These results suggest def.
Heavy-metal tolerance in algae isolated from contaminated lakes near Sudbury, Ontario

Chemical analyses of lake waters in the Sudbury smelting area indicated abnormally high levels of metals, especially of copper and nickel. Two of the algal isolates from these contaminated lakes, a Scenedesmus species and a Chlorella species, were chosen for study. Their growth, as determined by cell number, was tested under controlled conditions in defined media. Nutrient conditions, pH, and concentration in solution of copper and nickel were used as variables in bioassays. In comparison with laboratory strains of similar algae, in medium with no chelate (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) the isolated lake strains were found to be tolerant of the heavy metals nickel (Scenedesmus) and copper (Scenedesmus and Chlorella). The patterns of response to metals in solution differed markedly between laboratory and lake strains. The ecological implications are considered.
Interactive effects of ocean acidification and warming on subtidal mussels and sea stars from Atlantic Canada

Abstract Anthropogenic CO2 is decreasing oceanic pH and contributing to seawater warming. We tested the effects of low pH and high temperature at levels predicted for 2100 on an ecologically important predator–prey system (sea stars, Asterias rubens, and mussels, Mytilus edulis) from the NW Atlantic coast. Mussels are dominant competitors for space and important ecosystem engineers, while sea stars control mussel populations and thus local community structure. We found sea stars to be negatively affected in growth rate by low pH, with growth further reduced by a high temperature. In contrast, mussel growth rate was positively affected by low pH, with no response to temperature within the tested range. Predation of sea stars on mussels, measured as per-capita consumption rate, decreased in acidified conditions by 50%. Our study suggests that mussels may not be negatively affected by pH at the levels predicted for the end of this century and that mussels may be subjected to a reduced predation from sea stars under future conditions.
THE CHARACTERIZATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL TOXINS

The continuous flow paper electrophoretic methods used to isolate alpha hemolysin are presented. The purity of the alpha hemolysin preparation is demonstrated by double agar diffusion, immunoelectrophoretic, and ultracentrifugation techniques. Indirect evidence of purity is provided by the fact that rabbits immunized with purified alpha hemolysin produced detectable antibody only to alpha hemolysin. Direct support is given to the "unitarian theory" by the demonstration that purified alpha hemolysin also possessed dermonecrotic, lethal, and leucocidal activities. Further studies dependent on the availability of purified alpha hemolysin are outlined.
Genetic Pedigree Reconstruction Facilitates Lakewide Estimates of Age‐0 Largemouth Bass Dispersal

Abstract Dispersal from natal areas is an important event for fishes, ultimately affecting individual adult reproductive success and population levels of recruitment and genetic diversity. However, quantification of dispersal rates and distance and the associated environmental covariates is difficult when individuals are too small to physically mark. Using genetic techniques, we studied the dispersal of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides from their natal nests in two southern Michigan lakes. In Warner Lake, we sampled larvae from 33 nests during spring 2010 and collected 33 age-0 fish during summer. In Lake Chemung, we collected 138 and 140 age-0 fish during the summers of 2009 and 2010, respectively. Pedigree reconstruction techniques were used to determine (1) the dispersal distance of age-0 largemouth bass from nests to late-summer points of capture (Warner Lake) and (2) interindividual distances between age-0 full-sibling pairs (Lake Chemung). Age-0 fish in Warner Lake dispersed an average of 301 ±.
Gall wasps and their parasitoids in cork oak fragmented forests

Abstract 1. This paper explores the potential effects of host‐plant fragmentation on cork oak gall wasp populations (Cynipidae, Hymenoptera) and on their predators, lethal inquilines, and parasitoids. To address this objective, galls were collected across a gradient of cork oak (Quercus suber) forest fragmentation in the East Pyrenees (Albera, Spain), and they were incubated to obtain the parasitism rates.
Is the black robin in genetic peril?

In 1980 the entire black robin species Petroica traversi comprised only five birds, and the current population of ≊ 200 individuals is known to be derived from a single breeding pair. We show here that levels of minisatellite DNA variation in the black robin are among the lowest reported for any avian species in the wild. Surprisingly, similarly bottlenecked control populations of a closely related species (P. australis australis) exhibit significantly higher levels of genetic variation. This suggests that the black robin's persistence in a single small population for the last 100 years, rather than the recent bottleneck itself, accounts for the low genetic variation observed. Despite apparent genetic impoverishment, survival and reproductive performance indicate that the black robin is viable under existing conditions. This example illustrates that significant levels of genetic variation are not a necessary prerequisite for endangered species' survival.
Degradação e formação de resíduos não-extraíveis ou ligados do herbicida atrazina em solo

A persistencia de um pesticida no solo depende de processos de dissipacao, como a degradacao, que pode estar relacionada com o metabolismo microbiano. Com o objetivo de se avaliar os mecanismos de dissipacao do herbicida atrazina no solo e a importância dos microrganismos neste processo, avaliou-se sua mineralizacao, degradacao intermediaria e formacao de residuos nao-extraiveis ou ligados ao solo apos aplicacao de 14C-atrazina em solo Glei Humico. Os processos foram quantificados atraves de tecnicas radiometricas e cromatograficas em solo natural, solo esterilizado e solo esterilizado e infectado com Pseudomonas putida. Observou-se a importância dos microrganismos atraves dos estudos de biomineralizacao nos quais detectou-se mineralizacao de 14C-atrazina somente em solo natural (cerca de 15%). Entretanto, houve formacao de metabolitos extraiveis de atrazina, tanto em solo esterilizado (67%) como em solo natural (75%), o que indica que este processo nao dependeu apenas da presenca de microrganismos. Ja os residuos nao-extraiveis foram formados em maior quantidade (cerca de 56%) no solo esterilizado.
Physicochemical Nature of Banana Pseudostem Starch

Starch was isolated from banana pseudostem and its properties were compared with those of potato, corn and tapioca. The starch granules are irregular in shape and are bigger in size, than those of the fruit starch. At 60 degree C, the granules start to swell, gradually increase in size, attain their max. size at 75 degree C and do not rupture even after heating to 100 degree C. The intrinsic viscosity of the starch (2.05) is similar to that of potato starch (2.00). The amylose content of the starch compares well with that of banana fruit and potato (tuber) starch (21%). In general, banana pseudostem starch resembles potato starch.
Mechanisms of bicuculline-induced hypersensitivity of medullary dorsal horn neurons in rats

The purpose of the present study was to examine the responses of medullary dorsal horn neurons to microiontophoretic application of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor antagonist, bicuculline. The mechanisms of bicuculline-induced hypersensitivity were also investigated. Extracellular recordings were made with the central barrel of a seven-barrel micropipette. Microiontophoretic application of bicuculline greatly increased N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA)-evoked responses of medullary dorsal horn neurons. Bicuculline also increased the responses to both noxious pinching and brushing of cutaneous receptor fields. Both NMDA and non-NMDA receptor antagonists blocked the facilitated responses to iontophoretic application of bicuculline. However, the mu and delta receptor agonists did not block the hypersensitivity produced by iontophoretic application of bicuculline. These results suggest that GABA modulates the synaptic transmission of both noxious and non-noxious information in the trigeminal spinal sensory nuclei. Bicuculline-induced hypersensitivity seems to be mediated by excitatory amino acid receptors and provides a mechanism for neuropathic pain.
Population dynamics and post‐settlement mortality of the ornate wrasse, Thalassoma pavo, in the Tyrrhenian Sea (western Mediterranean)

Abstract Population dynamics and post‐settlement mortality of the ornate wrasse, Thalassoma pavo, were studied by visual censuses from July 1997 to December 1998 at the Island of Ischia (Gulf of Naples, western Mediterranean). The size classes best represented throughout the year encompassed specimens from 9 to 17 cm in length, chiefly females and, to a lesser extent, terminal phase males. Fish longer than 18 cm (mainly terminal phase males) were rare during the winter‐spring period, while they slightly increased in abundance from July‐August to November. Newly settled T. pavo juveniles, which display distinct livery patterns from adults, arrived in late August‐early September, reaching settlement abundance peaks in mid‐September, both in 1997 and 1998. During the first year of study, juveniles survived the winter period and were recruited into the adult population, whereas the following year they completely disappeared during November. Due to the well‐known thermophily of the studied species, the significantly higher post‐settlement mortality rate estimated for 1998, in comparison with the 1997 value, was attributed to the unusual decrease of surface water temperature occurring in November 1998. The results reported here suggest that density‐independent mechanisms such as fluctuating abiotic conditions could be more important in affecting the population dynamics of T. pavo than density‐dependent biotic interactions.
Nitric oxide (NO) gas present in the swim bladder of cod (Gadus morhua)

Nitric oxide (NO), a simple diatomic molecule, has been shown to be a biological messenger of key importance, controlling an almost limitless range of functions in the body. In the present study NO gas was measured by chemiluminescence in the swim bladder of cod staying at surface level. All swim bladders contained NO, indicating that this compound might be involved in the regulation of the volume of the swim bladder.
A hierarchical model for estimating density in camera‐trap studies

Summary 1 Estimating animal density using capture–recapture data from arrays of detection devices such as camera traps has been problematic due to the movement of individuals and heterogeneity in capture probability among them induced by differential exposure to trapping. 2 We develop a spatial capture–recapture model for estimating density from camera-trapping data which contains explicit models for the spatial point process governing the distribution of individuals and their exposure to and detection by traps. 3 We adopt a Bayesian approach to analysis of the hierarchical model using the technique of data augmentation. 4 The model is applied to photographic capture–recapture data on tigers Panthera tigris in Nagarahole reserve, India. Using this model, we estimate the density of tigers to be 14·3 animals per 100 km2 during 2004. 5 Synthesis and applications. Our modelling framework largely overcomes several weaknesses in conventional approaches to the estimation of animal density from trap arrays. It effectively deals with key problems such as individual heterogeneity in capture probabilities, movement of traps, presence of potential ‘holes’ in the array and ad hoc estimation of sample area. The formulation, thus, greatly enhances flexibility in the conduct of field surveys as well as in the analysis of data, from studies that may involve physical, photographic or DNA-based ‘captures’ of individual animals.
Note Free Flavonoid Aglycones from Inula montana

Inula montana L. (Asteraceae) is sometimes used in folk medicine in France in place of Arnica montana L. (and improperly called “Arnica”). A preliminary study on the flavonoid chemistry of Inula montana showed the occurrence of four major flavonoid aglycones: luteolin (5,7,3',4'-hydroxyflavone), hispidulin (5,7,4'-hydroxy-6-methoxyflavone), nepetin (5,7,3'-hydroxy-6-methoxyflavone) and cirsimaritin (5,4'-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone). This species contains less free flavonoid aglycones (only 5 compounds detected) than Arnica montana (nearly 20 free aglycones isolated and identified).
Use of Readycult - LMX for enumeration of total coliforms and Escherichia coli in milk

O Readycult - LMX e um metodo rapido, que permite resultados em 24h para deteccao de coliformes totais e Escherichia coli. Indicado para deteccao destes microrganismos em agua, baseia-se em reacoes de enzimas especificas dos coliformes com nutrientes-indicadores do meio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar sua utilizacao para enumeracao de coliformes e E. coli em leite. 125 amostras de leite cru e pasteurizado coletadas na cidade de Londrina, PR, Brasil, foram submetidas a determinacao do Numero Mais Provavel (NMP) de coliformes totais e E. coli pela tecnica de tubos multiplos, utilizando-se simultaneamente o Caldo Lactosado Bile Verde Brilhante (CLBVB) e o Readycult - LMX. A analise estatistica indicou uma correlacao entre os resultados obtidos pelos dois metodos de 0,8224 para coliformes totais e de 0,8603 para E. coli. Observou-se que o Readycult - LMX e o CLBVB deram resultados semelhantes, mas o Readycult - LMX foi mais facil de ser utilizado. Alem disso, os resultados foram mais rapidamente obtidos (24h).
Distribution of backswimmers in shallow ponds of Patagonia and their predatory role on a common tadpole–copepod assemblage

In this study, the distribution and occurrence of backswimmers in 21 fishless ponds was analysed in the Nahuel Huapi National Park (Patagonia, Argentina). We performed laboratory experiments to study the impact of different developmental stages of the endemic backswimmer Notonecta vereertbruggheni on typical co-occurring prey. We recorded three species of backswimmers N. vereertbruggheni, Notonecta virescens and Notonecta fazi. A seasonal study in Fantasma pond showed that adults of N. vereertbruggheni colonise and reproduce in the pond in spring and summer, co-occurring with other macroinvertebrates and endemic tadpoles. Predation experiments explored the impact of N. vereertbruggheni on two large co-occurring prey, the calanoid copepod Parabroteas sarsi and the tadpoles of Pleurodema thaul. The backswimmer consumed more copepods than tadpoles when prey was offered separately. Selectivity experiments demonstrated that the copepods were preferred over the tadpoles. Backswimmers may impact the typical assemblages of organisms found in fishless ponds of Patagonia during spring and summer.
STUDIES ON THE SEXUALITY OF RHODOTORULA

A sexual interaction was discovered between two strains of Rhodotorula glutinis considered as haploid. The nutritionally prototrophic mycelial colony was obtained by the conjugation and plasmogamy of cells of their auxotrophic mutants. The mycelial development was also found in the couple of their wild type cells. The mycelium has septa with clamp-connections, and consists of dikaryotic cells. It produces terminally brown pear-shaped resting spores which are regarded as diploid. The resting spore germinates to form a promycelium, on which haploid sporidia bud off laterally. Single sporidium propagates by budding and develops to the same haploid yeast as that of the original Rhodotorula strains. Among monosporidial yeasts, there are two mating types. The same mycelial stage appears again by conjugation of the two mating types. For the perfect stage of these strains of Rhodotorula, a life history is proposed schematically. It was concluded that this organism was related to the order Ustilaginales of Basidiomycetes.After the examination for sexual interaction in many couples of the authentic strains of Rhodotorula, the same mating reactions were found between IFO. 0559, IFO. 0413, or IFO. 0871 and IFO. 0880 or IFO. 1236. The mating types of the former three and the latter two were designated by symbols A and a, respectively.A monotypic new genus, Rhodosporidium, was proposed and a new species, Rhodosporidium toruloides, was given to the perfect stage of these Rhodotorula strains.
Characterization of Jasmine Rice Cultivars Grown in the United States

Jasmine rice from Thailand accounts for about 60-70% of U.S. imported rice, primarily due to its preference by ethnic Asians as well as general American population. Recently new U.S. jasmine rice cultivars have been developed independently at three rice research stations in Arkansas, California, and Louisiana, but their properties have not been characterized. The objective of this research was to characterize and compare the physical appearance, chemical composition, thermal and pasting properties, cooked rice texture and starch structures of the newly-developed U.S. jasmine rice from Arkansas, California and Louisiana, to be compared with jasmine rice samples from Thailand. In general, the U.S. varieties had smaller length/width ratios, darker color, and greater ash and lipid contents than the Thai controls. The Arkansas samples were similar to each other as well as one Louisiana sample, CLJ01 2017, and the other Louisiana samples were similar to each other, but rice of both origins were different from Thai jasmine. Calaroma-201 was found to be the most similar to the Thai jasmine rice out of the U.S. varieties from Ward’s hierarchical cluster analysis of all attributes. These findings can help the U.S. rice industry to develop U.S. jasmine rice cultivars closer to Thai jasmine rice.
OP-EUJC180474 1..11

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the impact of patient–prosthesis mismatch (PPM) on the risk of perioperative, early-, midand long-term mortality rates after surgical aortic valve replacement. METHODS: Databases were searched for studies published until March 2018. The main outcomes of interest were perioperative mortality, 1-year mortality, 5-year mortality and 10-year mortality. C O N V EN TI O N A L V A LV E O P ER A TI O N S VC The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 0 (2019) 1–11 ORIGINAL ARTICLE doi:10.1093/ejcts/ezy466 D ow naded rom http/academ ic.p.com /ejcts/advance-articleoi/10.1093/ejcts/ezy466/5290003 by Stkholm U niersity Lrary user on 19 Jauary 2019 RESULTS: The search yielded 3761 studies for inclusion. Of these, 70 articles were analysed, and their data were extracted. The total number of patients included was 108 182 who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement. The incidence of PPM after surgical aortic valve replacement was 53.7% (58 116 with PPM and 50 066 without PPM). Perioperative mortality [odds ratio (OR) 1.491, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.302–1.707; P < 0.001], 1-year mortality (OR 1.465, 95% CI 1.277–1.681; P < 0.001), 5-year mortality (OR 1.358, 95% CI 1.218–1.515; P < 0.001) and 10-year mortality (OR 1.534, 95% CI 1.290–1.825; P < 0.001) were increased in patients with PPM. Both severe PPM and moderate PPM were associated with increased risk of perioperative mortality, 1-year mortality, 5-year mortality and 10-year mortality when analysed together and separately, although we observed a higher risk in the group with severe PPM. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate/severe PPM increases perioperative, early-, midand long-term mortality rates proportionally to its severity. The findings of this study support the implementation of surgical strategies to prevent PPM in order to decrease mortality rates.
Molecular Cloning of the Double-stranded RNA of Beet Cryptic Viruses

Summary Three of the four dsRNA components of purified beet cryptic virus (BCV) were copied into cDNA and cloned into pUC9. Clones corresponding to RNAs 1, 3 and 4 did not hybridize to each other or to RNA 2, suggesting that there is no significant sequence homology between the four dsRNA components. RNA extracted from 15 BCV-infected beet plants was analysed by Northern blotting using the cDNA clones as probes. Nine plants were found to contain RNAs 1, 3 and 4 whereas in six plants only RNAs 3 and 4 were detectable. The results are compatible with the occurrence of two different viruses. The sensitivity and specificity of the cDNA hybridization assay was greater than that of immunosorbent electron microscopy in the detection of BCVs.
Estrogen Receptor α Gene Polymorphisms and Peak Bone Density in Chinese Nuclear Families

PBD is an important determinant of osteoporotic fractures. Few studies were performed to search for genes underlying PBD variation in Chinese populations. We tested linkage and/or association of the estrogen receptor α gene polymorphism with PBD in 401 Chinese nuclear families. This study suggests the ER‐α gene may have some minor effects on PBM variation in the Chinese population.