Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combined use of correlation measures for selecting semantically close concepts of the ontology

The paper suggests a new approach to the selection of correlated concepts for the ontology. It is based on the principal component analysis, but, unlike the standard approach, not Pearson correlation coefficients, but other correlation measures are used. This is due to the fact that the selection of concepts is based on data on the semantic association between concepts and cases, which are represented in the form of weight coefficients that take discrete values and a significant number of zero values. For such cases, the most appropriate is the polychoric correlation coefficient. It allows one to detect a monotonous dependence on the contingency table. However, for a certain table structure, the coefficient erroneously indicates a close relationship. This problem has been analysed in detail, and it has been suggested to use the correlation ratio in problem cases. Using the example of the problem of selecting concepts for the ontology in the IT consulting practice, the advantages of the proposed approach are shown. The first oneis the increasein the percentage of variance of concepts explained by the principal components. The second one is that more concepts are selected based on unsupervised feature selection using weighted principal components.
Perceived Employee Voice and Organizational Commitment: A Case of Sri Lanka

Committed employees within the organization have become more valuable for the organizations which highly focus on to sustain and develop in this competitive business world. The main purpose of this research was to identify the impact of perceived employee voice on organizational commitment and identify the mediating effect of employee line manager relationship and employee trust of senior management on organizational commitment. To assess the aforesaid relationships, a standard pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data. Correlation and simple regression analyses were used to analyze data. It was found that perceived employee voice has a significant impact on the organizational commitment. Further, employee line manager relationship and employee trust on senior management on organizational commitment partially mediated the relationship among perceived employee voice and organizational commitment and all the hypothesis were accepted. It was further suggested to strengthen the relationship between employees and management via allowing better voice to gain commitment to the organisation.
Human impact parameterizations in global hydrological models improve estimates of monthly discharges and hydrological extremes: a multi-model validation study

Human activity has a profound influence on river discharges, hydrological extremes and water-related hazards. In this study, we compare the results of five state-of-the-art global hydrological models (GHMs) with observations to examine the role of human impact parameterizations (HIP) in the simulation of mean, high- and low-flows. The analysis is performed for 471 gauging stations across the globe for the period 1971–2010. We find that the inclusion of HIP improves the performance of the GHMs, both in managed and near-natural catchments. For near-natural catchments, the improvement in performance results from improvements in incoming discharges from upstream managed catchments. This finding is robust across the GHMs, although the level of improvement and the reasons for it vary greatly. The inclusion of HIP leads to a significant decrease in the bias of the long-term mean monthly discharge in 36%–73% of the studied catchments, and an improvement in the modeled hydrological variability in 31%–74% of the studied catchments. Including HIP in the GHMs also leads to an improvement in the simulation of hydrological extremes, compared to when HIP is excluded. Whilst the inclusion of HIP leads to decreases in the simulated high-flows, it can lead to either increases or decreases in the low-flows. This is due to the relative importance of the timing of return flows and reservoir operations as well as their associated uncertainties. Even with the inclusion of HIP, we find that the model performance is still not optimal. This highlights the need for further research linking human management and hydrological domains, especially in those areas in which human impacts are dominant. The large variation in performance between GHMs, regions and performance indicators, calls for a careful selection of GHMs, model components and evaluation metrics in future model applications.
Towards Intelligent Analysis of Commplex Networks in Spatial Data Warehouses.

This paper proposes a knowledge-based model to support spatial and temporal analysis of complex networks in data warehouses. The proposed model, inspired from geography, represents the dynamics of spatial elements in the network. Ontologies, describing element classes from a domain, space partitions, and time periods, respectively, help to define dimensions of data marts customized for specific analysis needs. This model has been implemented in a prototypical framework, with a GUI supporting spatial OLAP and visualization of the varying state of network portions in graphs and maps. It supports the investigation of spatial and temporal patterns and tendencies, as has been observed in an electricity distribution case study.
Assessing the Elasticities of Electricity Consumption for Rural and Urban Areas in Malaysia: A Non-linear Approach

This paper investigates and estimates the price and income elasticity of electricity consumption and then compares the level of sensitivity of demand for electricity in the rural and urban areas in Malaysia. The non linear model was employed to estimate the elasticity of electricity consumption. The electricity demand has been estimated as a function of tariff, real GDP, gas price and population in the rural and urban population. The gas price has been used as a proxy to measure the level of sensitivity goods by using the annual data covering the 1980-2009 period. The results showed that the income elasticity (ܧ ௬ሻ was less than unity which indicated electricity as a necessity good to the people in Malaysia. The reaction of electricity consumption was found to be greater in the urban area compared to the rural area. The higher sensitivity of electricity consumption in the urban population was due to higher exposure to electricity appliances and facilities.
A SEMIAUTOMATIC LARGE-SCALE DETECTION OF SIMPLE GEOMETRIC PRIMITIVES FOR DETECTING STRUCTURAL DEFECTS FROM RANGE-BASED INFORMATION

Buildings in Cultural Heritage environments exhibit some common structural defects in elements which can be recognized by their differences with respect to the ideal geometric model. The global approach consists of detecting misalignments between elements corresponding to sections perpendicular to an axis, e.g. The local approach consists of detecting lack of verticality or meaningful differences (facades or internal walls) in curved elements with typical components (apses or vaults, e.g.) appearing in indoor environments. Geometric aspects concern to the basic model which supports successive layers corresponding to materials analysis and mechanical structural behaviour. A common strategy for detecting simple shapes consists of constructing maps of normal which can be extracted by an appropriate sampling of unit normal vectors linked to a points cloud. The most difficult issue concerns to the sampling process. A profusion of decorative details or even the small variations corresponding to small columns which are prolonging the nerves of vaults generate a dispersion of data which can be solved in a manual way by removing notrelevant zones for structural analysis. This method can be appropriate for small churches with a low number of vaults, but it appears as tedious when we are trying to analyse a large cathedral or an urban district. To tackle this problem different strategies for sampling information are designed, where some of them involving geometric aspects have been implemented. We illustrate our approach with several examples concerning to outdoor urban districts and indoor structural elements which display different kinds of pathologies.
The Retrieval of Atmospheric Profiles From Satellite Radiances For NWP Data Assimilation

Atmospheric profiles retrieved from surface based and satellite borne spectrometer radiance measurements contain vertical resolution biases resulting from the limited vertical resolution of the radiance observations. These biases led to vertical resolution aliasing of model background states when these profiles were assimilated into Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) systems, since the profiles were treated as high vertical resolution radiosonde soundings rather than the low vertical resolution sounding information. In order to achieve a positive impact of the satellite data, NWP centers began to assimilate the radiance observations into the analysis/forecast system rather than the profile retrievals. This change had a consistent positive impact of the satellite data since the assimilation of radiance with its assumed low noise and low vertical resolution characteristics prevented vertical resolution aliasing of the model background fields. For prior generation satellite filter radiometers, this approach was also more efficient than assimilating atmospheric profiles, due to the relatively small number of radiance observations compared to the number of atmospheric profile levels contained in the forecast model. However, the current advanced ultraspectral sounding spectrometers output thousands of spectral channel radiances rather than a couple dozen channels, as was characteristic of prior generation filter radiometers. Thus, the NWP centers are limited to the assimilation of a very small percentage of radiance channel information available. However, profile retrievals utilize almost all the spectral radiance information, which leads to much higher vertical resolution profiles than is achievable from the relatively small subset of the spectral channels used for radiance assimilation. In this paper, a simple method for correcting satellite profile retrievals for vertical resolution dependent biases is formulated. Here the satellite profile retrievals were obtained using the statistical Dual Regression (DR) method used in the University of Wisconsin Community Satellite Processing Package (CSPP) to process Direct Broadcast Aqua AIRS, Metop IASI, and S-NPP CrIS ultraspectal data received at numerous ground stations around the globe. However, the vertical alias correction employed here using the DR retrieval method can be implemented with other retrieval algorithms as well. The utility of the method is demonstrated through several case studies conducted using data collected during two different Suomi-NPP satellite radiance data calibration validation field programs. It is shown that the vertical alias corrected retrievals compare more favorably with radiosonde observations than do the uncorrected profile retrievals, particularly for moisture. It is shown that the alias corrected retrievals enable the diagnoses of pre-convective weather environments better than do either the uncorrected retrievals or the model profiles that were used to achieve the alias-corrected result.
Growth of Undoped and Metal Doped ZnO Nanostructures by Solution Growth

ZnO is one of the most studied materials of the II-VI oxide materials that derive continuous attention of the researchers worldwide since forties (Bunn 1935). Because of its current and possible applications in several novel devices, renewed interest has emerged and several reviews (Liu et al, 2005; Tsukazaki et al, 2005), and conference proceedings are published exclusively for ZnO nano crystallites similar systems at Singapore (2005), (2009) and Changchan, China (2006) to explore the feasibility of commercial application for future devices. Yet the ream of novel devices from this wonderful material is yet to be accomplished in full (Wellings, et al, 2008). With a wide band gap of 3.2 eV and a large exciton binding energy of 60 meV at room temperature, ZnO, line GaN, will be important for blue and ultraviolent optical devices. ZnO has several advantages over GaN in this applications range however, the most important being its longer exciton binding energy and the ability to grow single crystal substrates. Other favourable aspects of ZnO include its broad chemistry leading to many opportunities for wet chemical etching, low power threshold for optical pumping, radiation hardness and biocompatibility. Together, these properties of ZnO make it an ideal candidate for a variety of devices ranging from sensors through to ultra-violet laser devices and nanotechnology based devices such as displays. As fervent research into ZnO continues, difficulties such as the fabrication of p-type ZnO that have so far stated that the development of devices had over come (Yang etal, 2008). To give a quantitative report on the state of art of ZnO nanocrystals is quite difficult and an attempt has been made to survey the chemical growth of this system in this study. The chemical solution growth of ZnO nano thin films composed of nano crystallites using a two step double dip chemical deposition method has been discussed In detail in this chapter. The growth and characterization of nano structures of ZnO has been reported by Wang (Wang, 2004). Mitra et al (1998) has prepared Zinc Oxide thin films using chemical deposition technique. The structural, morphological properties of the prepared films are characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. They have used Zn salts as precursor and successfully synthesized ZnO films. The growth of highly textured Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films with a preferred (101) orientation has been prepared by employing chemical bath 2
THE SPATIO-TEMPORAL REGRESSION APPROACH FOR POPULATION FORECASTING Existing Regression Forecasting Models

Demographic forecasting techniques do not perform particularly well for small areas. In this study we propose a spatio-temporal regression approach for small-area population forecasting that borrows strength from what has happened nearby and what has happened in the past. In particular, a regression model incorporating temporally lagged neighbour growth and neighbour characteristics is applied to examine population change at the minor civil division (MCD) governmental level in Wisconsin, USA since 1960. For each MCD, the population growth rate for 1980– 1990 is regressed on its growth rate for 1970– 1980, its various characteristics in 1980, neighbour growth rates for 1970–1980, and neighbour characteristics in 1980. The estimated regression coeffi cients are then used for projecting population in 2000. Accuracy of the forecasts is measured against the 2000 Census counts. The state’s offi cial MCD projections for 2000, which were based on an extrapolation projection – the most often used traditional population forecasting approach for small geographic areas – are taken as the ‘gold standard’ against which improvements through the regression formulations are sought. The projection evaluations reveal mixed results and do not suggest unambiguous preference for the spatiotemporal regression approach or the extrapolation projection. We discuss several reasons for the inability of our spatiotemporal forecasting model to outshine the simple extrapolation forecast. Although this is disappointing, the proposed approach is more solidly theoretically grounded and provides useful information to policy and decision makers at the community level regarding the consequences of various developmental strategies being adopted by themselves as well as by their neighbours. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Received 23 November 2009; revised 1 March 2010; accepted 8
Macro-anatomy of the bones of the forelimb of Black Bengal goat ( Capra hircus )

In the present study, five Black Bengal goats (Capra hircus) were used to investigate the bones of fore limb during January to June 2006. It was observed topographically that the scapula was more or less similar to other ruminant animal topographically with exception that, the presence of very short coracoid process, more or less oval shaped glenoid cavity and more extensive subscapular fossa. The humerus of adult Black Bengal goat was 12.06 Â± 0.27cm in length. The diameter of shaft at the level of nutrient foramen was 4.24 Â± 0.05 cm. The breadth of humerus was 1.66 Â± 0.06 cm. The deltoid tuberosity was less prominent and there was shallow radial and olecranon fossa. The radius of adult Black Bengal goat was 11.12 Â± 0.23 cm in length. The diameter of shaft of radius-ulna just below the interosseous space was 3.86 Â± 0.12cm. The total length of ulna of adult Black Bengal goat was 14.20 Â± 0.20 cm. The interosseous space was found very narrow in the present study. Six carpal bones arranged in two rows, four in proximally and two in distally were found in Black Bengal goat. Two fully developed digits were found in Black Bengal goat. Each digit had three phalanges. The total length of proximal phalanx of adult Black Bengal goat was 2.88 Â± 0.08 cm, in the middle phalanx it was 1.88 Â± 0.03 cm and in distal phalanx the length was2.56 Â± 0.05 cm. In conclusion the present data suggest that, the anatomy of the bones of fore limbs of Black Bengal goat was differed slightly, both structurally and morphometrically with other ruminants and varied widely with non-ruminant animals. Key Words: Macro-anatomy, fore limb, skeleton, black bengal goat DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v6i1. 1340 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6(1): 59-66
Condensates in thin-layer turbulence

We examine the steady state of turbulent flows in thin layers using direct numerical simulations. It is shown that when the layer thickness is smaller than a critical height, an inverse cascade arises which leads to the formation of a steady state condensate where most of the energy is concentrated in the largest scale of the system. For layers of thickness smaller than a second critical height, the flow at steady state becomes exactly two-dimensional. The amplitude of the condensate is studied as a function of layer thickness and Reynolds number. Bi-stability and intermittent bursts are found close to the two critical points. The results are interpreted based on a mean-field three-scale model that reproduces some of the basic features of the numerical results.
A Comprehensive Survey of Recent Developments in Software Testing Methodologies

: Testing is one of the phases of all process models of software engineering. It remains the most indispensable part of software quality assurance. High reliability of software is expected in the real world as it, otherwise, becomes obsolete. It is more so with complex and machine critical applications. In this paper we provide a comprehensive survey of recent developments in software testing methodologies. Various approaches discussed in this paper include automatic generation of test cases, search based techniques, Just-In-Time quality assurance, static analysis, bad smell detection, early detection of concurrency problems, random testing, integration testing, combinatorial testing, model-based testing, test-driven approaches, dependency-based test case prioritization, state-based testing, adaptive testing and so on. This paper throws light into dependency structures for test case prioritization and test suite generation with minimum size test suites maximum coverage with discussion on empirical studies. The recent methodologies in software testing are focused in this paper besides finding potential gaps for future work.
1 Inequality and Trust *

This paper reviews the literature on economic inequality and trust. Cross-country studies, within-country studies, and experiments all suggest that economic inequality exerts a negative influence on trust. Four mechanisms are proposed to explain the negative relationship: social ties (or networks), inference on social relationships (to see inequality as a signal of untrustworthy behavior), conflicts over resources, and opportunity cost of time. Social ties receive the strongest empirical support, but there is also some evidence in favor of inference on social relationships. Conflicts over resources and opportunity cost of time are contradicted by important pieces of evidence.
THE EFFECTS OF CONCENTRATION POLARIZATION ON MOLECULE TRANSLOCATION IN A NANOPORE DEVICE

Nanopores offer the potential for label-free detection of individual proteins [1] and have been identified as a key potential technology for low cost DNA sequencing. [2] To date, most studies of nanopore electrokinetic transport [1,3,4] have neglected the effects of concentration polarization (CP) especially in systems with nonoverlapped electric double layers (EDLs). We present a combined computational and experimental study of conical nanopores with tip diameters of 40-100 nm. Our modeling and experimental work shows that for typical (mM) buffer concentrations, even non-overlapped EDLs fundamentally affect key transport characteristics such as the rate of molecular translocations.
Econometric Analysis of Financial Trade Processes by Discrete Mixture Duration Models

We propose a new framework for modelling the time dependence in duration processes being in force on financial markets. The pioneering ACD model introduced by Engle and Russell (1998) will be extended in a manner that the duration process will be accompanied by an unobservable stochastic process. The Discrete Mixture ACD framework provides us with a general methodology which puts the idea into practice. It is established by introducing a discrete-valued latent regime variable which can be justified in the light of recent market microstructure theories. The empirical application demonstrates its ability to capture specific characteristics of intraday transaction durations while alternative approaches fail.
Isolation, partial purification and immuno-biochemical characterization of Inhibin from goat ovarian follicular fluid.

Inhibin, a gonadal heterodimeric glycoprotein with a molecular weight of around 32 kDa, is composed of an α subunit linked by disulfide bonds to either of two β A or β B subunits (Burger and Igarashi 1988). The ovarian follicular fluid is a rich source of inhibin (de Jong and Roberstson 1985). The main biological function of the inhibin is the suppression of release of FSH from the anterior pituitary. As inhibin acts systematically to inhibit FSH release, it follows that a reduction of inhibin secretion would increase FSH concentration and thus offers a potential for increased fertility. Immunoneutralization of inhibin can also enhance follicular development and ovulation rate (Henderson et al. 1984). The present study was carried out with the objectives of isolation and partial purification of inhibin and its immunobiochemical characterization.
Thermophoresis of a slightly deformed aerosol sphere

An analytical study is presented for the thermophoretic motion of a freely suspended aerosol particle with an arbitrary, slightly deformed spherical surface in a uniformly prescribed temperature gradient. The Knudsen number is assumed to be small so that the fluid flow is described by a continuum model with a temperature jump, a thermal slip, and a frictional slip at the surface of the particle. A first attempt is made to obtain analytical approximations for the thermophoretic velocity of the particle in the limit of vanishing Peclet and Reynolds numbers. To the first order in the small parameter characterizing the deformation of the spherical shape of the particle, explicit expressions are derived for its drift and rotational velocities. The angular velocity of a particle undergoing thermophoresis is found to be zero for any shape, which is the first indication that the fluid motion around a single thermophoretic particle of an arbitrary shape is irrotational, as is known to be in the case of thin-double.