Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the effects of head movements and accompanying gaze fixation switch on steady-state visual evoked potential

In a realistic steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) based brain-computer interface (BCI) application like driving a car or controlling a quadrotor, observing the surrounding environment while simultaneously gazing at the stimulus is necessary. This kind of application inevitably could cause head movements and variation of the accompanying gaze fixation point, which might affect the SSVEP and BCI’s performance. However, few papers studied the effects of head movements and gaze fixation switch on SSVEP response, and the corresponding BCI performance. This study aimed to explore these effects by designing a new ball tracking paradigm in a virtual reality (VR) environment with two different moving tasks, i.e., the following and free moving tasks, and three moving patterns, pitch, yaw, and static. Sixteen subjects were recruited to conduct a BCI VR experiment. The offline data analysis showed that head moving patterns [F(2, 30) = 9.369, p = 0.001, effect size = 0.384] resulted in significantly different BCI decoding performance but the moving tasks had no effect on the results [F(1, 15) = 3.484, p = 0.082, effect size = 0.188]. Besides, the canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and filter bank canonical correlation analysis (FBCCA) accuracy were better than the PSDA and MEC methods in all of the conditions. These results implied that head movement could significantly affect the SSVEP performance but it was possible to switch gaze fixation to interact with the surroundings in a realistic BCI application.
How to measure the ecological compensation threshold in the upper Yangtze River basin, China? An approach for coupling InVEST and grey water footprint

Defining a reasonable and feasible watershed ecological compensation threshold is the key to protecting watershed ecological functions and maintaining the sustainable utilization of watershed ecosystems. However, many studies have obtained compensation values that are too high to promote the implementation of ecological compensation policies. This study chose the upper reaches of the Yangtze River as the research area, taking water resources closer to people’s daily needs as the evaluation object. Based on the InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs) model and grey water footprint method, the ecological compensation threshold model for water resources was established. Combined with the eco-compensation priority sequence coefficient identification of protected areas and beneficiary areas and allowed for the measurement of the watershed ecological compensation value in 2015 and 2020. Finally, compare the advantages and disadvantages of different ecological compensation calculation methods, compare the gap between different watershed ecological compensation standards and the theoretical threshold globally. The results showed that from 2015 to 2020, the value of the water content in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River increased, while the value of the grey water footprint decreased. The classified watershed ecological compensation beneficiary areas were mainly concentrated in the central-eastern and southern parts of the upper Yangtze River, while the ecological compensation protected areas were concentrated in the western and northwestern parts. The mean absolute values of the watershed ecological compensation thresholds for each prefecture-level city and state ranged from 0.43 to 24.63 billion CNY in 2015 and from 0.67 to 41.60 billion CNY in 2020, which were close to the actual values. Among the different land-use types, the water conservation service value per unit area of shrubs was the highest. The lower limit value of watershed ecological compensation calculated using the grey water footprint method was closer to the amount of compensation in practice than was the commonly used opportunity cost method. The findings of the study can help improve the watershed ecological compensation mechanism in the upper Yangtze River region, promote win–win cooperation among transboundary watershed areas, and form a harmonious and stable green development model.
IL36G is associated with cutaneous antiviral competence in psoriasis

Background Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease that has a great impact on patients’ physical and mental health. However, the causes and underlying molecular mechanisms of psoriasis are still largely unknown. Methods The expression profiles of genes from psoriatic lesion samples and skin samples from healthy controls were integrated via the sva software package, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between psoriasis and healthy skin were screened by the limma package. Furthermore, GO and KEGG pathway enrichments for the DEGs were performed using the Clusterprofiler package. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks for the DEGs were then constructed to identify hub genes. scGESA analysis was performed on a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset via irGSEA. In order to find the cytokines correlated with the hub genes expression, single cell weighted gene co-expression network analyses (scWGCNA) were utilized to build a gene co-expression network. Furthermore, the featured genes of psoriasis found in suprabasal keratinocytes were intersected with hub genes. We then analyzed the expression of the intersection genes and cytokines in the integrated dataset. After that, we used other datasets to reveal the changes in the intersection genes’ expression levels during biological therapy. The relationship between intersection genes and PASI scores was also explored. Results We identified 148 DEGs between psoriatic and healthy samples. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis suggested that DEGs are mainly involved in the defense response to other organisms. The PPI network showed that 11 antiviral proteins (AVPs) were hub genes. scGSEA analysis in the single-cell transcriptome dataset showed that those hub genes are highly expressed in keratinocytes, especially in suprabasal keratinocytes. ISG15, MX1, IFI44L, and IFI27 were the characteristic genes of psoriasis in suprabasal keratinocytes. scWGCNA showed that three cytokines—IL36G, MIF, and IL17RA—were co-expressed in the turquoise module. Only interleukin-36 gamma (IL36G) was positively correlated with AVPs in the integrated dataset. IL36G and AVPs were found co-expressed in a substantial number of suprabasal keratinocytes. Furthermore, we found that the expression levels of IL36G and the 4 AVPs showed positive correlation with PASI score in patients with psoriasis, and that these levels decreased significantly during treatment with biological therapies, but not with methotrexate. Conclusion IL36G and antiviral proteins may be closely related with the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and they may represent new candidate molecular markers for the occurrence and severity of psoriasis.
The pharmacological treatment of acute vestibular syndrome

Acute vestibular syndrome (AVS) represents a clinical picture that involves urgent management due to the important procession of symptoms accompanying the event, which can be positively or negatively influenced by therapeutic choices and intervention timing. This forces a differential diagnosis and therapeutic choices to be made in conditions that are not always favorable and often not in the specialist field. In this work, we will examine in detail the pharmacological therapeutic possibilities, correlating them to the differential and, as far as possible, to the etiological diagnosis. In particular, the pharmacological possibilities for the two main conditions we can face will be investigated, namely, vestibular neuritis and posterior circulation stroke.
SkyGAN: Towards Realistic Cloud Imagery for Image Based Lighting

Achieving photorealism when rendering virtual scenes in movies or architecture visualizations often depends on providing a realistic illumination and background. Typically, spherical environment maps serve both as a natural light source from the Sun and the sky, and as a background with clouds and a horizon. In practice, the input is either a static high-resolution HDR photograph manually captured on location in real conditions, or an analytical clear sky model that is dynamic, but cannot model clouds. Our approach bridges these two limited paradigms: a user can control the sun position and cloud coverage ratio, and generate a realistically looking environment map for these conditions. It is a hybrid data-driven analytical model based on a modiﬁed state-of-the-art GAN architecture, which is trained on matching pairs of physically-accurate clear sky radiance and HDR ﬁsh-eye photographs of clouds. We demonstrate our results on renders of outdoor scenes under varying time, date, and cloud covers.
Trapping processes of 5 d electrons in Ce 3 + doped SrAl 2 O 4

Ce-doped SrAl2O4 single-crystal fibers have been prepared by laser-heated pedestal growth method. A broad emission band peaking at 385 nm and originating from the Ce 5d–4f transition is observed with excitations at 340, 320, 291, and 259 nm, which correspond to the crystal field splitting components of the Ce 5d states in SrAl2O4. The emission shows strong persistence for longer than 10 h after UV radiation at 254 nm from mercury lamp. Trapping dynamics of 5d electrons of Ce in SrAl2O4 host is studied. The electron traps at 0.75 eV are found to be responsible for the long persistent phosphorescence. Excitation-dependent thermoluminescence spectra are also recorded and analyzed. The lowest 5d state of Ce in SrAl2O4 is found to be about 0.1 eV below the host conduction band. r 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Alpha oscillations reflect similar mapping mechanisms for localizing touch on hands and tools

Numerous studies have suggested that tools become incorporated into a representation of our body. A prominent hypothesis suggests that our brain re-uses body-based computations when we use tools. However, little is known about how this is implemented at the neural level. Here we used the ability to localize touch on both tools and body parts as a case study to fill this gap. Neural oscillations in the alpha (8-13 Hz) and beta (15-25 Hz) frequency bands are involved in mapping touch on the body in distinct reference frames. Alpha activity reflects the mapping of touch in external coordinates, whereas beta activity reflects the mapping of touch in skin-centered coordinates. Here, we aimed at pinpointing the role of these oscillations during tool-extended sensing. We recorded participants’ oscillatory activity while tactile stimuli were applied to either hands or the tips of hand-held rods. The posture of the hands/tool-tips was uncrossed or crossed at participants’ body midline in order for us to disentangle brain responses related to different coordinate systems. We found that alpha-band activity was modulated similarly across postures when localizing touch on hands and on tools, reflecting the position of touch in external space. Source reconstruction also indicated a similar network of cortical regions involved for tools and hands. Our findings strongly suggest that the brain uses similar oscillatory mechanisms for mapping touch on the body and tools, supporting the idea of neural processes being repurposed for tool-use. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Tool use is one of the defining traits of humankind. Tools allow us to explore our environment and expand our sensorimotor abilities. A prominent hypothesis suggests that our brain re-uses body-based neural processing to swiftly adapt to the use of tools. However, little is known about how this is implemented at the neural level. In the present study we used the ability to map touch on both tools and body parts as a case study to fill this gap. We found that the brain uses similar oscillatory mechanisms for mapping touch on a hand-held tool and on the body. These results provide novel and compelling support to the idea that neural processes devoted to body-related information are re-purposed for tool-use.
Role of microbial communities in conferring

21 Soils frequently experience environmental stresses that may 22 have transient or persistent impact on important ecosystem 23 services, such as carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. Microbial 24 2 communities underpin resistance (the ability to withstand a 25 stress) and resilience (the ability to recover from a stress) of 26 these functions. Whilst functional stability and resilience have 27 been studied extensively, the link to genetic stability is missing. 28 In this study, the resistance and resilience of C mineralization, 29 ammonia oxidation and denitrification, their associated gene 30 abundances (16S rRNA, bacterial amoA, nirK, nirS, nosZ-I and 31 nosZ-II) and bacterial community structures (T-RFLP 16S rRNA) 32 were compared in two managed soils for 28 days after stressing 33 the soils with either a persistent (1 mg Cu soil g-1) or a transient 34 (heat at 40 °C for 16 h) stress. The average resistance of C 35 mineralization to Cu was 60%, which was significantly greater 36 than the resistance of ammonia oxidation (25%) and 37 denitrification (31%) to Cu. Similarly, the average resilience of 38 C mineralization to Cu was 52%, which was significantly greater 39 than the resilience of ammonia oxidation (12%) and 40 denitrification (18%) to Cu. However, this pattern was not 41 significant after heat stress, indicating the critical role of 42 different stressors. Changes in total bacterial community 43 structure rather than abundance of 16S rRNA reflected the 44 responses of C mineralization to Cu and heat. Both Cu and heat 45 significantly decreased functional gene abundance (amoA, nirK, 46 nirS, nosZ-I and nosZ-II), however, significant recovery of 47 3 denitrifying gene abundance was observed after 28 days 48 following heat. There was lack of constant relationships 49 between functional and genetic stability, highlighting that soil 50 physiochemical properties, the nature of the stressor, and 51 microbial life history traits combine to confer functional 52 resistance and resilience. Genetic responses on their own are 53 therefore inadequate in predicating changes to soil functions 54 following stresses. 55
Intensional logics for programming

H.A. Blair, A.L. Brown, Jr., and V.S. Subrahmanian: Monotone logic programming M.A. Orgun and W.W. Wadge: Theory and practice of temporal logic programming M. Baudinet: A simple proof of the completeness of temporal logic programming D.M. Gabbay: Metalevel features in the object level: modal and temporal logic programming III D. Nute: Basic defeasible logic S. Cerrito: Negation and linear completion P. Balbiani: A promenade from provability to consistency.
New Interpretation for the Observed Cosmological Redshifts and its Implications

The cosmological redshifts z in the frequencies of spectral lines from distant galaxies as compared with their values observed in terrestrial laboratories, which are due to the scale factor a(t), frequently are interpret as a special-relativistic Doppler shift alone. We will demonstrate that this interpretation is not correct and that the contribution of the gravitational redshift is always present and significant. We will show that the gravitational redshift is actually about the same magnitude as the cosmological redshift, but that only for cosmological models without the dark energy component cosmological and gravitational redshift can be considered to be the same. Significant contribution of the gravitational redshift due to the gravitational field of the Universe, which is ignored in interpretation of the observational data, could have significant impact on cosmological theories. We will first calculate contributions of gravitational redshift to CMB and time dilation of Type Ia supernovae, and use it to explain the excess redshifts of quasars and active galaxies, and redshifts of companion galaxies of stars. We will show its possible implications on the interpretation of mass density of matter and mass as function of cosmological time. Finally we will demonstrate that taking into account gravitational redshift allows to interpret luminosity distance and surface brightness of distant galaxies to be consistent with the static universe cosmological models.
Consistent Molecular Dynamics Scheme Applying the Wolf Summation for Calculating Electrostatic Interaction of Particles(Atomic and molecular physics)

We investigate the charge-neutralized summation method proposed by Wolf et al. for evaluating in a very simple manner the electrostatic interaction of a point particle system. We argue conceptional and problematic aspects encountered in the application of this method to molecular dynamics calculation. A novel molecular-dynamics formulation for this method is then proposed and we describe how it resolves formal and practical difficulties in previous approaches. Theoretically consistent force, pairwise potential, and the total energy including a suitable energy correction accompanied by a potential-function deformation are given. To clarify the new concept, the relationship between the charge neutrality and the mirror-image charge expression is discussed.
ECONOMETRICS: MATLAB toolbox of econometrics functions

This toolbox of MATLAB econometrics functions includes a collection of regression functions for least-squares, simultaneous systems (2SLS, 3SLS, SUR), limited dependent variable (logit, probit, tobit), time-series (VAR, BVAR, ECM) estimation and forecasting functions, ridge, Theil-Goldberger, switching regimes, robust regression, regression diagnostics functions, cointegration testing, statistical distributions (CDF, PDF and random deviate generation), Bayesian Gibbs sampling estimation and MCMC convergence diagnostics, maximum likelihood and Bayesian spatial econometrics functions. Demonstrations are provided for all functions and a 200 page manual is available in postscript and PDF form with examples and data sets (also available online). All functions provide printed and graphical output similar to that found in RATS, SAS or TSP. The toolbox, manual and examples are free; no attribution or blame need be assigned to the authors. User contributed functions are welcome and many such functions are included in the Econometrics Toolbox, as well as other MATLAB functions that have been placed in the public domain.
Simulation of transient flow in a shock tunnel and a high Mach number nozzle

Abstract : A finite-volume Navier Stokes code was used to simulate the shock reflection and nozzle starting processes in an axisymmetric used tube and a high Mach number nozzle. The simulated nozzle starting processes were found to match the classical quasi-one dimensional theory and some features of the experimental measurements. The shock reflection simulation illustrated a new mechanism for the driver gas contamination of the stagnated test gas.
snow on the Greenland ice sheet

Ice cores from polar ice sheets and glaciers are an important climate archive. Snow layers, consecutively deposited and buried, contain climatic information of ::: from : the time of their formation. However, particularly low-accumulation areas are characterised by temporally intermittent precipitation, which can be further re-distributed :::::::::: redistributed : after initial deposition : , :::::::: depending ::: on ::: the :::: local :::::: surface ::::::: features :: at ::::::: different :::::: spatial ::::: scales. Therefore, the local conditions of accumulation ::::::::::: accumulation 5 :::::::: conditions : at an ice core site influence the quantity and quality of the recorded climate signal in proxy records. Local surface features at different spatial scales further affect the signal imprint. This study therefore :::: This :::: study : aims to characterise the local accumulation patterns and the evolution of the snow height to describe the contribution of :: the : snow (re-)deposition to noise :: the :::::: overall ::::: noise :::: level : in climate records from ice cores. By using a photogrammetry :: To ::: this :::: end, ::: we :::::: applied :: a Structure-fromMotion approach, we generated ::::::::::::: photogrammetry :::::::: approach :: to ::::::: generate : near-daily elevation models of the snow surface :::::: surface 10 :::: snow : for a 195 m2 area in the vicinity of the deep drilling site of the East Greenland Ice Core Project in northeast Greenland. Based on the snow height information we derived ::::: derive snow height changes on a day-to-day basis throughout our observation period from May to August 2018. Specifically, the :::: 2018 ::: and :::: find ::: an average snow height increased ::::::: increase by ∼11 cm. The spatial and temporal data set allowed :::: also ::::: allows : an investigation of snow deposition versus depositional modifications. We observed :::::: observe : irregular snow deposition , erosion, and the re-distribution of snow, which caused ::: and :::::: erosion ::::::: causing 15 uneven snow accumulation patterns, a removal of more than 60 % of the deposited snow, and a negative relationship between the initial snow height and the amount of accumulated snow. Furthermore, the surface roughness decreased from 4 :::: ~4-5 to 2 cm throughout the spring and summer season at our study site. Finally, our study further shows that our method has several advantages over previous approaches, making it possible ::::: shows ::: that ::::::::::::::::::: Structure-from-Motion :: is :: a :::::::: relatively :::::: simple ::::::: method to demonstrate the importance of accumulation intermittency, and the potential influences of depositional processes on proxy 20 signals in snow and ice.
Spatial And Spectral Factors In Release From Informational Masking In Speech Recognition

When the speech of one talker is presented within a background of one or two other talkers, under some conditions there appears to be more interference than one might expect based on theories of traditional energetic masking. The current studies investigated the manner in which this type of additional informational masking can be overcome and how release from informational and energetic masking may differ. The target sentences were spoken by a female talker, and the masker was either the speech of two additional female talkers or continuous speech-spectrum noise. In the first of two experiments, the target was presented from a front loudspeaker and the masker was presented either from the front or from directly behind the listener. Release from masking in the front-back condition was greater for the two-talker masker than for the noise masker. In the second experiment, both target and maskers were high-pass filtered at 715 Hz, and energy below 215 Hz was added back to the target. When spatial differences were eliminated, the low-frequency energy available in the target was considerably more beneficial when the target was presented against the two-talker masker than against the noise background. The overall results suggest that spatial and spectral differences lead to perceptual distinctions that are helpful to the listener in tracking the target message in the presence of other voices.