Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A novel design of high precision driving system of laser diode for TDM-pumped fiber Raman amplifier

In order to solve the problem that the output power and wavelength of LD (Laser Diode) were easily influenced by driving current and working temperature in TDM (time-division multiplexing)-pumped fiber Raman amplifier (FRA), a stable and highly precise LD driving system based on FPGA (field-programmable gate array) is proposed. Compared with the existing design, mainly based on integrated chips with low output current and instability defects, the circuit design in this paper simplifies the circuit structure, reduces the cost, and improves stability. A constant current source with Darlington tube and temperature control system based on the FPGA is used in the driving system, allowing for a higher output current and more excellent stability. Experimental results show that the system is capable of delivering up to 2000mA current to the LD with a precision of 0.16%. The temperature control precision reaches 0.05‡C with the current driving stability, which reaches 0.02% when the LD achieves 500mW optical power output. It is concluded that the driving system works stably and is suitable for the TDM-pumped fiber Raman amplifier.
Predicting defects in imbalanced data using resampling methods: an empirical investigation

The development of correct and effective software defect prediction (SDP) models is one of the utmost needs of the software industry. Statistics of many defect-related open-source data sets depict the class imbalance problem in object-oriented projects. Models trained on imbalanced data leads to inaccurate future predictions owing to biased learning and ineffective defect prediction. In addition to this large number of software metrics degrades the model performance. This study aims at (1) identification of useful metrics in the software using correlation feature selection, (2) extensive comparative analysis of 10 resampling methods to generate effective machine learning models for imbalanced data, (3) inclusion of stable performance evaluators—AUC, GMean, and Balance and (4) integration of statistical validation of results. The impact of 10 resampling methods is analyzed on selected features of 12 object-oriented Apache datasets using 15 machine learning techniques. The performances of developed models are analyzed using AUC, GMean, Balance, and sensitivity. Statistical results advocate the use of resampling methods to improve SDP. Random oversampling portrays the best predictive capability of developed defect prediction models. The study provides a guideline for identifying metrics that are influential for SDP. The performances of oversampling methods are superior to undersampling methods.
IPOD-BASED NAVIGATION IN TKR AND THR – FIRST EXPERIENCE AND RESULTS OF THE PILOTSTUDY

In order to enhance the acceptance of computer assisted surgery in joint replacement, a development-cooperation with BrainLAB, Germany was set up to develop a user-friendly handheld navigation device. A sterile draped Apple® IPod-Touch which is placed into a hardcover cradle, is used as navigation monitor and touchscreen control. Different instruments, such as navigation-pointer are attached to the cradle. In addition the workflows for TKR and THR procedures have been optimised. Therefore the main focus for TKR is navigation of femoral and tibial resection as well as leg alignment control. For the THR the system enables an intraoperative control of leg-length and femoral-offset measurement in comparison with the preoperative situation. Each step of the procedure is supported by video animations of the specific navigation workflow. Between September and December 2010 the first clinical study on the usability in TKR and THR was performed for 20 cases using a prototype system. The study was approved by the local ethic committee and the “German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM)”. Special interest was taken to the aspects of usability and the necessary time periods for specific steps of the procedure. Usability was measured for specific time periods of the procedure assessment of the usability of the surgical team. In addition postoperative x-rays were evaluated for implant position, leg alignment for TKR and hip joint geometry for THR cases. Throughout the study for each assigned patient the procedure could be performed as planned. Several design inputs were identified for further improvement of the final system. Therefore time measurements of the first five cases were excluded. For the TKR cases the registration process of the last 5 cases was less than 3 minutes. The interval for the tibial resection was between 3 and 7 minutes (aligning tibial cutting block – end of tibial verification). The interval for the distal femur resection was between 7 and 11 minutes (aligning femoral cutting block – end of femoral verification). All 10 Patients showed a final leg alignment on the postoperative standing x-ray within the save-zone of +/− 3° from neutral alignment. For the THR cases the preoperative registration period including the femoral head resection and acetabular registration was between 7 and 12 Minutes. Each final measurement of the hip geometry was done in less than 2 minutes. The evaluation of the pelvic ap-x-ray pre- and postoperative showed equivalent measurements of the new hip geometry compared with the intraoperative measured values. No specific complications occurred throughout the study. In conclusion the BrainLAB–DASH-System has shown a high grade of usability and very short learning curve within this first clinical study. The use of a standard Apple® IPod-touch as a user interface seems to enhance the acceptance of the navigation technique. Equivalent precision compared to standard navigation systems have been demonstrated.
In-Silico Structural Modeling and Prediction of Conformational B-Cell Epitopes of Potential Vaccine Candidate Pre-Binding Protein

Malaria is a life threatening infectious disease causes by Plasmodium species, wherein Plasmodium falciparum being the most lethal causes severe malaria. Plasmodium parasites have a complex life cycle and employed several immunity evading mechanism that enable the parasite to multiply and survive avoiding the host immunity. The rise in drug-resistant Plasmodium parasites and the unavailability of an effective vaccine lead to major challenges in controlling the parasite. Therefore, it is of utmost important to identify novel potential targets that can be directed for therapeutic intervention. In the present study, conservancy, localization, and the antigenicity of PREBP was determined by using different bioinformatics tools. The 3D structure of PREBP was modeled and conformational B-cell epitopes of the protein were predicted using Ellipro. The resulted epitopes might be of great importance as a vaccine sub-unit in the development of an effective malaria vaccine and the generated 3D structure of the protein can be further used for other structural analysis.
Isolated seven‐level inverter for grid‐connected power systems with predictive control method

A novel isolated 7‐level (7L) multi‐level inverter (MLI) topology for grid‐connected medium and high voltage power applications is presented in this paper. The topology consists of two isolated transformers with different winding ratio and four switches connected to a single‐phase grid. This topology provides a great advantage over conventional MLIs by reducing passive and active components to allowing a 7L output voltage. Moreover, model predictive control (MPC) method is implemented to 7L‐MLI to generate gate signals of switches and ensure capacitor voltage balancing and grid connection. Performance of proposed topology has been confirmed by in‐depth analysis under simulation and laboratory setup with existing studies. Experimental results of a 1.5 kW 220 Vrms prototype are presented to support the simulation results. The prototype shows that the harmonic results match the limits of the IEC 61000‐3‐2 standard and show a better performance for grid connection and capacitor voltage balancing than conventional ones.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Serum Concentrations of Ischaemia-Modified Albumin in Acute Ischaemic Stroke, Intracerebral Haemorrhage, and Subarachnoid Haemorrhage

The identification of robust circulating biomarkers of stroke may improve outcomes. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of serum concentrations of ischaemia-modified albumin (IMA) in subjects with or without acute ischaemic stroke (AIS), intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar from inception to March 2022. Risk of bias and certainty of evidence were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist and GRADE, respectively. In 17 studies, IMA concentrations were significantly higher in patients with AIS (standard mean difference, SMD = 2.52, 95% CI 1.92 to 3.12; p < 0.001), ICH (SMD = 3.13, 95% CI 1.00 to 5.25; p = 0.004), and SAH (SMD = 4.50, 95% CI 0.91 to 7.01; p = 0.014) vs. controls (very low certainty of evidence). In AIS, the effect size was associated with the male gender, and was relatively larger in studies conducted in Egypt and India and those using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. IMA concentrations were progressively higher, by direct comparison, in SAH, ICH, and AIS. In sensitivity analysis, the pooled SMDs were not altered when individual studies were sequentially removed. Our meta-analysis suggests that IMA concentrations might be useful to diagnose stroke and discriminate between AIS, ICH, and SAH (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021320535).
Work Orientation of Graduate Assistants

Completing a graduate assistantship (GA) is one key experience that can provide both work experience and socialization to a career as well as provide financial assistance in exchange for services. This qualitative study explored the motivation of GAs through an “orientation to work” lens. The findings show that GAs exhibit a high extrinsic motivation (positive or negative) toward their work, and graduate administrative assistants exhibit a higher positive intrinsic motivation to work than graduate teaching assistants or graduate research assistants.
A self-supervised feature selection algorithm for spectral embedding based on block HSIC lasso

With the rapid development of information technology, a large amount of unlabeled high-dimensional data has been generated. To be able to better handle these data, we propose a new self-supervised feature selection algorithm for spectral embedding based on block HSIC lasso (FSSBH). It innovatively applies the HSIC theoretical approach to unlabeled scenarios for feature importance assessment, and performs feature selection by self-supervised learning with the pseudo-label matrix formed by the spectral embedding. The algorithm is compared with five popular algorithms for classification experiments on seven publicly available datasets. The results show the superior performance of the FSSBH algorithm.
RF signal sensing and source localisation systems using Software Defined Radios

Radio frequency (RF) source localisation is a critical technology in numerous locationbased military and civilian applications. In this thesis, the problem of RF source localisation has been studied from the perspective of the system implementation for real-world applications. Commercial off-the-shelf Software Defined Radio (SDR) devices, Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) N210s, are used to demonstrate the practical RF source localisation systems. Compared to the conventional localisation systems, which rely on dedicated hardware, the new SDR-based platform is developed using general-purpose hardware and most of the specific signal processing functions for particular applications are software-defined, which can offer great flexibility and cost efficiency in system design and implementation. In this thesis, the theoretical results of source localisation are evaluated and put into practice. To be specific, the practical localisation systems using different measurement techniques, including received-signal-strength-indication (RSSI) measurements, time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) measurements and joint TDOA and frequency-difference-of-arrival (FDOA) measurements, are demonstrated to localise the stationary RF signal sources using the SDRs. The RSSI-based localisation system is demonstrated in small indoor and outdoor areas with a range of several metres using the SDR-based transceivers. Furthermore, interests from the defence area motivated us to implement the time-based localisation systems. The TDOA-based source localisation system is implemented using multiple spatially distributed SDRs in a large outdoor area with the sensor-target range of several kilometres. Moreover, they are implemented in a fully passive way without prior knowledge of the signal emitter, so the solutions can be applied in the localisation of non-cooperative signal sources provided that emitters are distant. To further reduce the system cost, and more importantly, to deal with the situation when the deployment of multiple SDRs, due to geographical restrictions, is not feasible, a joint TDOA and FDOA-based localisation system is also demonstrated using only one stationary SDR and one mobile SDR. To improve the localisation accuracy, the methods that can reduce measurement error and obtain accurate location estimates are studied. Firstly, to obtain a better understanding of the measurement error, the error sources that affect the measurement accuracy are systematically analysed from three aspects: the hardware precision, the accuracy of signal processing methods, and the environmental impact. Furthermore, the approaches to reduce the measurement error are proposed and verified in the experiments. Secondly, during the process of the location estimation, the theoretical results on the pre-existing localisation algorithms which can achieve a good trade-off between the accuracy of location estimation and the computational cost are evaluated, including the weight least-squares (WLS)-based solution and the Extended
Multimodal Optical Coherence Tomography for Intraoperative Evaluation of Tumor Margins and Surgical Margins in Breast-Conserving Surgery

The aim of the study We compare the effectiveness of multimodal optical coherence tomography (MM OCT) in the traditional structural OCT mode and the OCT elastography (OCE) mode in addressing two clinically important tasks: (1) detecting groups of tumor cells at surgical margins during breast-сonserving surgery (BСS) in breast cancer (BC) and (2) identifying breast tumor margins. The obtained results were correlated with corresponding histological sections. Materials and Methods The study was performed on 100 surgical margin samples (top, bottom, medial, and lateral — four samples from each patient in total) obtained from 25 patients with BC who underwent BCS (lumpectomy), and on 25 postoperative tumor samples (to determine tumor margins). With MM OCT method, we visually and numerically assessed the scattering (level and depth of OCT signal penetration) and elastic (stiffness values, or Young’s modulus (kPa)) properties of the tumor and non-tumor breast tissue and the obtained values were compared with the results of postoperative histological examination. Results In 4 surgical margin samples (out of 100), with the OCE method we identified groups of histologically confirmed tumor cells (“positive” resection margins) at the distance of about 5 mm from the visible tumor margin. The identified zones were larger than 0.5 mm with stiffness of more than 400 kPa in all these cases. However, the structural OCT could not identify these groups of tumors and they were not distinguishable from the surrounding fibrous tissue. In the areas of tumor into non-tumor tissue transition, structural OCT images detected tumor margins only if they were adjacent to adipose tissue and did not detect them if there were adjacent to non-tumor fibrous tissue. OCE images with high stiffness values (more than 400 kPa) and high contrast showed a clear tumor margin with both adipose and fibrous tissue. Conclusion The study demonstarets the potential of MM OCT, particularly its OCE mode, as a real-time method for intraoperative tumor margin and surgical margin assessment in BCS. OCE images compared to structural OCT images visualize higher contrast between different types of breast tissue (adipose tissue, fibrous stroma, hyalinized stroma, tumor cell clusters), as well as more accurate identification of the tumor border and detection of small groups of tumor cells at surgical margins. An algorithm for intraoperative MM OCT examination of the state of the resection margin is proposed in accordance with standard clinical guidelines for achieving clean surgical margins in breast cancer patients.
Distribution analysis method of key targets based on big data analysis engine for maritime space-time trajectory

Now a large amount of maritime space-time trajectory data has been collected, but its deep value is unable to be tapped, and the analysis of the distribution of key targets has also encountered bottlenecks. The emergence of big data technology provides us with a solution. This paper proposes a big data analysis engine for maritime space-time trajectory, which makes full use of the data characteristics and improves the overall computing performance of the engine. Based on this engine, a dispersal analysis algorithm for key military targets at sea is proposed to achieve rapid retrieval and dispersal analysis of key marine targets. It has been tested and verified that this engine has excellent performance and can become an efficient query and analysis engine for maritime space-time trajectory data. The key target distribution analysis algorithm has certain research significance and practical value.
Effect of the Air Flow on the Combustion Process and Preheating Effect of the Intake Manifold Burner

Diesel engines show poor performance and high emissions under cold-start conditions. The intake manifold burner is an effective method to increase the intake air temperature and improve engine performance. In this paper, a visualization system was employed to investigate the combustion process of the intake manifold burner. The effects of diesel flow rate and airflow velocity on combustion performance were investigated. The combustion process of the intake manifold burner showed four stages: preparing stage A, rapid development stage B, steady-development stage C, and stable stage D. Flame stripping was found in stages C and D, presenting the instability of the combustion process. With the increase in air flow velocity from 1.4 m/s to 3.0 m/s, the flame stripping was enhanced, leading to the increasing combustion instability and regular flame penetration fluctuations. The average temperature rise and combustion efficiency increased with the increasing diesel flow rate, indicating the combustion enhancement. Comparison of temperature rise and combustion efficiency under 2.0 m/s and 10.0 m/s showed that stronger cross wind enhances the heat convection, improving the temperature uniformity and combustion efficiency.
Necrosadism: exploring the sexual component of post-mortem mutilation of homicide victims

ABSTRACT It is only relatively recently that necrophilic behaviour has been recognised as diverse in nature, the importance of which is directly linked to correct treatment options. The distinct paraphilic disorder of necrosadism, the sexual arousal derived from the mutilation of corpses, is presented in a case here to clarify existing definitions of the disorder, describe its manifestation in cases of homicide, and explore the psychology driving the behaviour. In so doing, it is hoped that the behaviour is more succinctly defined and better understood so appropriate and tailored treatment options for the disorder can be discussed and formulated.
Surprises at the edge: theoretical investigations at the boundaries of quantum Hall systems

Author(s): Cano, Jennifer Ann | Advisor(s): Nayak, Chetan | Abstract: The quantum Hall effect is recognized as one of the earliest examples of a topological phase of matter. Yet, thirty-five years after its initial discovery, there remain many open questions, especially surrounding states that may host fractional excitations and exotic statistics. Through the bulk-edge correspondence, many questions can be answered by studying the low-energy edge excitations. In this thesis, we investigate analytically certain aspects of the edge excitations using Chern-Simons-Landau-Ginzburg theory. The results include some surprises: our microwave absorption proposal leads to an interferometer whose read-out is first order in the tunneling amplitude; tunneling current across a quantum point contact is affected by the presence of a neutral mode; and the bulk-edge correspondence for chiral Abelian phases can be one-to-many. We now describe these investigations in more detail. We start by proposing an experiment to measure the microwave absorption spectrum of a quantum Hall droplet. We show that the number and velocities of charged edge modes can be directly measured from a droplet of known shape. In contrast to standard transport measurements, different edge equilibration regimes can be accessed in the same device. If there is a quantum point contact, then quasiparticle properties, including braiding statistics, can be observed. Their effects are manifested as modulations of the spectrum that are, notably, first-order in the tunneling amplitude at the point contact.We next consider transport through a quantum point contact in states with counter-propagating neutral edge modes. We show that both the noise and the average transmitted current are affected by downstream perturbations within the standard edge state model. We argue that the change in transmitted current should be observable in experiments that have observed increased noise.Finally, we investigate the bulk-edge correspondence for chiral Abelian quantum Hall phases. We show that the same bulk two-dimensional topological phase can have multiple distinct, fully-chiral edge phases. This can happen for both integer and fractional quantum Hall states. We give a general criterion for the existence of multiple distinct chiral edge phases for the same bulk phase and discuss experimental consequences. We find that edge phases correspond to lattices while bulk phases correspond to genera of lattices. Since there are typically multiple lattices in a genus, the bulk-edge correspondence is typically one-to-many.
Impact of Managerial Ownership on Corporate Social Responsibility in Korea

A firm’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) record improves its image and that of its managers. This ultimately can positively affect enterprise value. However, CSR investments do not necessarily lead to better firm performance, as long-term costs are incurred. Therefore, managers often make CSR investment choices based on personal incentives. This study analyzed the relationship between managerial ownership and CSR activities in Korean public companies based on different managerial CSR incentives and ownership levels. Using the Korean Economic Justice Institute’s CSR index, the results show that firms with higher managerial ownership had excellent CSR records. Higher managerial ownership led to alignment between managers and shareholders, with managers making CSR investments to enhance long-term enterprise value. However, in firms with lower accounting transparency, managers reduced CSR investments. Managers did not value their CSR reputations in firms with poor financial reporting quality and serious information asymmetry. Instead, they diverted CSR resources to other projects to meet their interests. As Korean firms increase their investment in CSR, CSR disclosure responsibility is strengthened. Our study results provide significant implications to academics, practitioners, investors, and other stakeholders, suggesting the importance of corporate ownership structure on investment in CSR.