Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The prevalence, distribution, and clinical outcomes of electrocardiographic repolarization patterns in male athletes of African/Afro-Caribbean origin.

AIMS Athletic training in male black athletes (BAs) is associated with marked ECG repolarization changes that overlap with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Differentiating between the two entities is prudent since BAs exhibit a higher prevalence of exercise-related sudden death from HCM compared with white athletes (WAs). METHODS AND RESULTS Between 1996 and 2010, 904 BAs underwent serial cardiac evaluations including ECG and echocardiography. Athletes exhibiting T-wave inversions were investigated further for HCM. Results were compared with 1819 WAs, 119 black controls (BCs), and 52 black HCM patients. Athletes were followed up for 69.7 ± 29.6 months. T-wave inversions were present in 82.7% HCM patients, 22.8% BAs, 10.1% BCs, and 3.7% WAs. In athletes, the major determinant of T-wave inversions was black ethnicity. T-wave inversions in BAs (12.7%) were predominantly confined to contiguous anterior leads (V1-V4). Only 4.1% of BAs exhibited T-wave inversions in the lateral leads. In contrast, both BCs and HCM patients exhibited lower prevalence of T-wave inversions in leads V1-V4 (4.2 and 3.8%, respectively) with most T-wave inversions in HCM patients (76.9%) involving the lateral leads. During follow-up one BA survived cardiac arrest and two athletes (one BA, one WA) were diagnosed with HCM. All three exhibited T-wave inversions in the lateral leads. CONCLUSIONS T-wave inversions in leads V1-V4 appear to represent an ethnic variant of 'athlete's heart'. Conversely, T-wave inversions in the lateral leads may represent the initial expression of underlying cardiomyopathy and merit further evaluation and regular surveillance.
Control of invasive rats on islands and priorities for future action

Invasive rats are one of the world's most successful animal groups that cause native species extinctions and ecosystem change, particularly on islands. On large islands, rat eradication is often impossible and population control, defined as the local limitation of rat abundance, is now routinely performed on many of the world's islands as an alternative management tool. However, a synthesis of the motivations, techniques, costs, and outcomes of such rat‐control projects is lacking. We reviewed the literature, searched relevant websites, and conducted a survey via a questionnaire to synthesize the available information on rat‐control projects in island natural areas worldwide to improve rat management and native species conservation. Data were collected from 136 projects conducted over the last 40 years; most were located in Australasia (46%) and the tropical Pacific (25%) in forest ecosystems (65%) and coastal strands (22%). Most of the projects targeted Rattus rattus and most (82%) were aimed at protecting birds and endangered ecosystems. Poisoning (35%) and a combination of trapping and poisoning (42%) were the most common methods. Poisoning allows for treatment of larger areas, and poison projects generally last longer than trapping projects. Second‐generation anticoagulants (mainly brodifacoum and bromadiolone) were used most often. The median annual cost for rat‐control projects was US$17,262 or US$227/ha. Median project duration was 4 years. For 58% of the projects, rat population reduction was reported, and 51% of projects showed evidence of positive effects on biodiversity. Our data were from few countries, revealing the need to expand rat‐control distribution especially in some biodiversity hotspots. Improvement in control methods is needed as is regular monitoring to assess short‐ and long‐term effectiveness of rat‐control.
Athletic Taping And Bracing

Part 1 Introduction to taping and bracing: role of taping and bracing athletic tape, cloth and wrap athletic braces knowing the sport, the athlete and the injury preparing for taping taping techniques removing tape. Part 2 The foot, ankle and leg: ankle sprains Achilles tendon strains and tendinitis arch strains and plantar fasciitis Morton's neuroma great toe sprains heel contusions shin splints foot orthotics. Part 3 The knee: collateral and cruciate ligament sprains knee braces knee hyperextension patellofemoral joint pain. Part 4 The thigh, the hip and pelvis: hip strains thigh strains hip and thigh contusions. Part 5 The shoulder and arm: acromioclavicular joint sprains glenohumeral sprains arm contusions. Part 6 The elbow and forearm: elbow sprains elbow hyperextension epicondylitis of the humerus. Part 7 The wrist and hand: wrist sprains thumb sprains finger sprains tendon ruptures and avulsions.
Trends in anecdotal fox sightings in Tasmania accounted for by psychological factors

There has been little evaluation of anecdotal sightings as a means to confirm new incursions of invasive species. This paper explores the potential for equivocal information communicated by the media to account for patterns of anecdotal reports. In 2001, it was widely reported that red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) had been deliberately released in the island state of Tasmania (Australia), although this claim was later revealed to be baseless. Regardless, by 2013 a total of 3153 anecdotal fox sightings had been reported by members of the public, which implied their distribution was wide. For each month in 2001–2003, we defined a monthly media index (MMI) of fox‐related media coverage, an index of their relative seasonal abundance (abundance), and a factor denoting claims of fox evidence (claimed evidence) regardless of its evidentiary quality. We fitted a generalized linear model with Poisson error for monthly totals of anecdotal sightings with factors of year and claimed evidence and covariates of MMI, abundance, and hours of darkness. The collective effect of psychological factors (MMI, claimed evidence, and year) relative to biophysical factors (photoperiod and abundance) was highly significant (χ2 = 122.1, df = 6, p < 0.0001), whereas anticipated changes in abundance had no significant influence on reported sightings (p = 0.15). An annual index of fox media from 2001 to 2010 was strongly associated with the yearly tally of anecdotal sightings (p = 0.018). The odds ratio of sightings ranked as reliable by the fox eradication program in any year decreased exponentially at a rate of 0.00643 as the total number of sightings increased (p < 0.0001) and was indicative of an observer‐expectancy bias. Our results suggest anecdotal sightings are highly susceptible to cognitive biases and when used to qualify and quantify species presence can contribute to flawed risk assessments.
A CBT inpatient chronic pain management model: factors impacting treatment outcomes

198 words Total number of words: 5933 Perspective: This pilot study evaluated a CBT inpatient chronic pain management program exploring biopsychosocial factors that impact successful outcomes in chronic pain management. Common client factors included hope, prior beliefs, and acceptance, impacted on by previous treatments and the experiences that informed participants’ beliefs about pain. Several key interactions demonstrated the importance of holistic idiographic approaches for cognitive and behaviour change in intensive treatment settings. Chronic pain, Psychosocial factors, CBT, inpatient 37
Aktuelle Übersicht zum Dermisersatz mit Kollagen-Elastin-Matrix Matriderm® bei Brandverletzungen

Matriderm is a dermal substitute consisting of a native (non-cross-linked) collagen matrix supplemented by a elastin hydrolysate. It is available in sheets of 1 mm and 2 mm thickness, and may be covered in a single step procedure with immediate split thickness skin grafting. Duration of the surgical procedures are only marginally increased. There is no diminished take of split thickness graft and only marginally prolonged healing time compared with the split thickness graft only. In experimental models the matrix reduces wound contracture, histologically collagen bundles in the scar are more randomly orientated. Clinical trials with a long-term clinical evaluation showed no difference in scar elasticity between the described dermal substitute and split thickness grafts alone. There is a lack of clinical data on the development of wound contracture.
Early calcific degeneration of a CoreValve transcatheter aortic bioprosthesis.

A 74-year-old man, one of the first few patients in the world to undergo transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) with the porcine CoreValve bioprosthesis presented with dyspnoea after 5 years. Echocardiogram and cardiac catheterization, respectively, revealed and confirmed bioprosthetic degenerative restenosis. The …
Relation between kidney function, proteinuria, and adverse outcomes.

CONTEXT The current staging system for chronic kidney disease is based primarily on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with lower eGFR associated with higher risk of adverse outcomes. Although proteinuria is also associated with adverse outcomes, it is not used to refine risk estimates of adverse events in this current system. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between reduced GFR, proteinuria, and adverse clinical outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Community-based cohort study with participants identified from a province-wide laboratory registry that includes eGFR and proteinuria measurements from Alberta, Canada, between 2002 and 2007. There were 920 985 adults who had at least 1 outpatient serum creatinine measurement and who did not require renal replacement treatment at baseline. Proteinuria was assessed by urine dipstick or albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES All-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, and progression to kidney failure. RESULTS The majority of individuals (89.1%) had an eGFR of 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) or greater. Over median follow-up of 35 months (range, 0-59 months), 27 959 participants (3.0%) died. The fully adjusted rate of all-cause mortality was higher in study participants with lower eGFRs or heavier proteinuria. Adjusted mortality rates were more than 2-fold higher among individuals with heavy proteinuria measured by urine dipstick and eGFR of 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) or greater, as compared with those with eGFR of 45 to 59.9 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and normal protein excretion (rate, 7.2 [95% CI, 6.6-7.8] vs 2.9 [95% CI, 2.7-3.0] per 1000 person-years, respectively; rate ratio, 2.5 [95% CI, 2.3-2.7]). Similar results were observed when proteinuria was measured by ACR (15.9 [95% CI, 14.0-18.1] and 7.0 [95% CI, 6.4-7.6] per 1000 person-years for heavy and absent proteinuria, respectively; rate ratio, 2.3 [95% CI, 2.0-2.6]) and for the outcomes of hospitalization with acute myocardial infarction, end-stage renal disease, and doubling of serum creatinine level. CONCLUSION The risks of mortality, myocardial infarction, and progression to kidney failure associated with a given level of eGFR are independently increased in patients with higher levels of proteinuria.
Health care insurance, financial concerns in accessing care, and delays to hospital presentation in acute myocardial infarction.

CONTEXT Little is known about how health insurance status affects decisions to seek care during emergency medical conditions such as acute myocardial infarction (AMI). OBJECTIVE To examine the association between lack of health insurance and financial concerns about accessing care among those with health insurance, and the time from symptom onset to hospital presentation (prehospital delays) during AMI. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Multicenter, prospective study using a registry of 3721 AMI patients enrolled between April 11, 2005, and December 31, 2008, at 24 US hospitals. Health insurance status was categorized as insured without financial concerns, insured but have financial concerns about accessing care, and uninsured. Insurance information was determined from medical records while financial concerns among those with health insurance were determined from structured interviews. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Prehospital delay times (< or = 2 hours, > 2-6 hours, or > 6 hours), adjusted for demographic, clinical, and social and psychological factors using hierarchical ordinal regression models. RESULTS Of 3721 patients, 2294 were insured without financial concerns (61.7%), 689 were insured but had financial concerns about accessing care (18.5%), and 738 were uninsured (19.8%). Uninsured and insured patients with financial concerns were more likely to delay seeking care during AMI and had prehospital delays of greater than 6 hours among 48.6% of uninsured patients and 44.6% of insured patients with financial concerns compared with only 39.3% of insured patients without financial concerns. Prehospital delays of less than 2 hours during AMI occurred among 36.6% of those insured without financial concerns compared with 33.5% of insured patients with financial concerns and 27.5% of uninsured patients (P < .001). After adjusting for potential confounders, prehospital delays were associated with insured patients with financial concerns (adjusted odds ratio, 1.21 [95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.41]; P = .01) and with uninsured patients (adjusted odds ratio, 1.38 [95% confidence interval, 1.17-1.63]; P < .001). CONCLUSION Lack of health insurance and financial concerns about accessing care among those with health insurance were each associated with delays in seeking emergency care for AMI.
The Insertion of a Removable Partial Denture Increases Unstimulated Salivary Flow Rates in Non-Denture Wearers

Purpose: The difference in salivary flow rates between non-removable partial denture (RPD) wearers and regular RPD wearers is not well investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the change in salivary flow rate after the insertion of dentures in elderly patients, especially for those with a shortened dental arch (SDA). Factors associated with the changes were also investigated. Subjective measures of oral dryness were also assessed to investigate changes in the amount of individual salivary flow associated with denture usage. Methods: Fifty-five participants were enrolled, including subjects not wearing dentures (ND: n=21) and subjects wearing dentures (WD: n=33) at the commencement of the study. Unstimulated saliva (US) and stimulated saliva (SS) were collected at baseline and at the 1-month follow up. Follow-up was performed 1 month after insertion for ND subjects, and 1 month after baseline measurements for WD subjects. Maximal occlusal force and an oral dryness questionnaire were administered at baseline and follow-up. Results: ND subjects showed significantly lower US values at baseline (ND: 0.04 mL/min, WD: 0.12 mL/min, p=0.007). At follow-up, no significant difference in US was observed between the groups (WD: 0.10 mL/min, ND: 0.08 mL/min, p=0.57). At follow-up, salivary flow rate and subjective measures improved in the ND group. Conclusions: Patients without RPDs had lower salivary flow rates than those wearing dentures. Increases in US flow rate and improvements in subjective oral dryness were observed after denture insertion.
Non-response bias versus response bias

Researchers used a postal questionnaire survey to investigate the career progression of NHS doctors. The questionnaire included details about past and current employment, future career plans, and when career milestones were reached. Analysis was confined to respondents working in the UK NHS (including those with an honorary NHS contract). The participants were all those who graduated from UK medical schools in 1977, 1988, and 1993. The questionnaire was sent to 10 344 graduates, of whom 7012 replied, giving a response rate of 68%. 1 Men and women were compared, with the aim of establishing whether female doctors were disadvantaged in pursuing careers in the NHS. The researchers reported that women did not progress as far or as fast as men. However, it was suggested this was not because women encountered direct discrimination but that it was a reflection of not having always worked full time. Nonetheless, the possibility that indirect discrimination—for example, that the lack of opportunities for part time work may have influenced choice of specialty—could not be ruled out. Which of the following statements, if any, are true?
Density functional calculations of the electronic structure and optical properties of magnesium oxide

The electronic structure and optical properties of magnesium oxide (MgO) are investigated at the structural phase transition pressure using the plane‐wave pseudo‐potential density functional method within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). Good agreement between the calculated lattice parameters and experimental results is obtained, and a direct energy gap of 3.72 eV is estimated in the GGA for the NaCl structure (B1) of MgO. The electronic structure of the CsCl‐type structure (B2) is predicted near the structural phase transition pressure for the first time and discussed in detail. The dielectric function and optical properties such as reflectivity, absorption coefficient, refractive index, and electron energy‐loss function are presented in a wide energy range between 0 and 60 eV. It is found that the reflectivity spectrum and energy‐loss spectrum of the B1 phase at 0 GPa are consistent with experimental results.
Four cases of allergic contact dermatitis caused by methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone in ironing water

Methylisothiazolinone (MI) (CAS no. 2682-20-4) and methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) (CAS no. 26172-55-4) have been widely used as preservatives in cosmetics, household products and industrial products since the late 1970s. The first cases of contact allergy to the MCI/MI combination were noted in 1980 (1). Ironing water is being increasing used as a product designed to making ironing more enjoyable. The role of ironing water is to bring a fresh, outdoorsy fragrance to the ironing process; it is also claimed that these products smooth away creases, and protect the iron from limescale. We report four cases of allergic contact dermatitis caused by MCI/MI found in ironing water, an usual source of exposure. There has been only a single previous case report in the literature (2).
Association between adiposity in midlife and older age and risk of diabetes in older adults.

CONTEXT Adiposity is a well-recognized risk factor for type 2 diabetes among young and middle-aged adults, but the relationship between body composition and type 2 diabetes is not well described among older adults. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between adiposity, changes in adiposity, and risk of incident type 2 diabetes in adults 65 years of age and older. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective cohort study (1989-2007) of 4193 men and women 65 years of age and older in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Measures of adiposity were derived from anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance data at baseline and anthropometry repeated 3 years later. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Incident diabetes was ascertained based on use of antidiabetic medication or a fasting glucose level of 126 mg/dL or greater. RESULTS Over median follow-up of 12.4 years (range, 0.9-17.8 years), 339 cases of incident diabetes were ascertained (7.1/1000 person-years). The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of type 2 diabetes for participants in the highest quintile of baseline measures compared with those in the lowest was 4.3 (95% CI, 2.9-6.5) for body mass index (BMI [calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared]), 3.0 (95% CI, 2.0-4.3) for BMI at 50 years of age, 4.2 (95% CI, 2.8-6.4) for weight, 4.0 (95% CI, 2.6-6.0) for fat mass, 4.2 (95% CI, 2.8-6.2) for waist circumference, 2.4 (95% CI, 1.6-3.5) for waist-hip ratio, and 3.8 (95% CI, 2.6-5.5) for waist-height ratio. However, when stratified by age, participants 75 years of age and older had HRs approximately half as large as those 65 to 74 years of age. Compared with weight-stable participants (+/-2 kg), those who gained the most weight from 50 years of age to baseline (> or = 9 kg), and from baseline to the third follow-up visit (> or = 6 kg), had HRs for type 2 diabetes of 2.8 (95% CI, 1.9-4.3) and 2.0 (95% CI, 1.1-3.7), respectively. Participants with a greater than 10-cm increase in waist size from baseline to the third follow-up visit had an HR of type 2 diabetes of 1.7 (95% CI, 1.1-2.8) compared with those who gained or lost 2 cm or less. CONCLUSION Among older adults, overall and central adiposity, and weight gain during middle age and after the age of 65 years are associated with risk of diabetes.
Changing the prescription status of physiotherapists: Perception of Nigerian physiotherapists

Background: There appears to be a global change in the role of physiotherapists (most especially) in serving as supplementary prescribers of relevant drugs.Objectives: This study aimed to determine the opinion of physiotherapists on enlistment as supplementary prescribers of drugs, and the classes of drugs they would like to prescribe.Methods: 102 licensed physiotherapists from 5 purposively selected hospitals participated in the study. A self administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Kruskal Wallis test.Results: Eighty-three physiotherapists (83.8%) wanted to be enlisted as supplementary prescribers and most would like to prescribe analgesics (74.8%), NSAIDS (74.8%) and muscle relaxants (59.2%). Also, 89 respondents (86.4%) supported the enactment of a law that will protect physiotherapists in case of professional litigation. A range of reasons were adduced for desiring to have a change in prescription status and these include effectiveness of clinical practice (77.7%), image improvement (67.0%) and the increased benefit for patients (82.5%). The number of respondents who would like to prescribe Analgesics, NSAIDS and Muscle relaxants were significantly higher than for other classes of drugs (P = 0.001). It was concluded that the majority of physiotherapists would want their status to change to that of supplementary prescribers. Also, most prescribers would like to prescribe analgesics and NSAIDS while a moderate number would like to prescribe muscle relaxants under the protection of an enabling law.
Asymptomatic struts fracture and multiple embolization as a late complication of ALN removable vena cava filter implantation.

A 74-year-old woman underwent abdominal computed tomography (CT) because of abdominal pain. She had a history of ALN (ALN Implants Chirurgicaux, Ghisonaccia, France) inferior vena cava (IVC) filter implantation 10 years before because of recurrent pulmonary embolism due to venous thrombosis of lower limbs. The IVC venography disclosed correct filter positioning …