Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mining term association rules for automatic global query expansion: methodology and preliminary results

The authors are looking at the mining of association between terms for the automatic expansion of queries. The technique used for the discovery of the associations is association rule mining (R. Agrawal et al., 1996). The technique proposed is more flexible than previous techniques based on term co-occurrence since it takes into account not only the co-occurrence frequency but also the confidence and direction of the association rules. We have been able to consistently improve the effectiveness of the retrieval over the set of 48 test queries on the Associated Press 1990 news wires corpus of the TREC4 benchmark by query expansion using term association rules.
The Perception of Grouping Boundaries in Music

Some of the most fundamental questions in the study of music perception concern the manner in which the human perceptual system groups musical elements together. In this paper, we examine the grouping of musical elements into contiguous segments that occur sequentially in time or, to put it another way, the identification of boundaries between the final element of one segment and the first element of the subsequent one. This way of structuring a musical surface is usually referred to as grouping or segmentation and is to be distinguished from the grouping of musical elements that occur simultaneously in time, a process usually referred to as streaming (Bregman, 1990). In musical terms, the kinds of group we shall consider might correspond to motifs, phrases, sections and other aspects of musical form. Just as speech is perceptually segmented into words which subsequently provide the building blocks for the perception of phrases and complete utterances (Brent, 1999), motifs or phrases in music are identified by listeners, stored in memory and made available for inclusion in higher-level structural groups (Lerdahl & Jackendoff, 1983; Peretz, 1989; Tan et al., 1981). The low-level organisation of the musical surface into groups allows the use of these primitive perceptual units in more complex structural processing and may alleviate processing and memory demands. We restrict ourselves primarily to research on symbolic representations of musical structure that take discrete note-like events as their musical surface (Jackendoff, 1987). Research on segmentation from sub-symbolic or acoustic representations of music (e.g., Abdallah et al., 2006; Gjerdingen, 1999; Todd, 1994; Šerman & Griffith, 2004) are not discussed. Furthermore, the present work emphasises melody (although not exclusively) reflecting the predominant trends in theoretical and computational treatments of perceived grouping structure in music. Grouping structure is generally agreed to be logically independent of metrical structure (Lerdahl & Jackendoff, 1983) and some evidence for a separation between the psychological processing of the two kinds of structure has been found in cognitive neuropsychological (LiegeoiseChauvel et al., 1998; Peretz, 1990) and neuroimaging research (Brochard et al., 2000). In practice, however, metrical and grouping structure are often intimately related and both are likely to serve as inputs to the processing of more complex musical structures (Lerdahl & Jackendoff, 1983). Nonetheless, most theoretical, empirical and computational research has considered the perception of grouping structure independently of metrical structure (Stoffer, 1985 and Temperley, 2001 being notable exceptions).
Problematischer Alkoholkonsum – das motivierende Gespräch in der ärztlichen Praxis

In der Praxis des niedergelassenen Arztes werden erfahrungsgemäß sehr viele Menschen mit Alkoholproblemen behandelt. Eine aussagekräftige Studie aus Deutschland mit Patienten aus Hausarztpraxen ermittelte Prävalenzraten von 7,2% Alkoholabhängigkeit und 5,2% Alkoholmissbrauch [2]. Hinzu kommt erfahrungsgemäß eine große Anzahl von Patienten, die über längere Zeit in riskantem Ausmaß Alkohol konsumieren, ohne die Diagnoseschwelle zu überschreiten [9]. Riskant bedeutet hier: bei Männern Konsum von mehr als 30 g, bei Frauen Konsum von mehr als 20 g Alkohol pro Tag (nach anderen Definitionen wird der Grenzwert sogar noch enger gefzogen: 12 g bei Frauen und 24 g bei Männern, s. Beitrag Rumpf et al. S. 2392).
Unconditionally Secure Oblivious Transfer from Algebraic Signaling over the Gaussian Channel

We study the use of the additive white Gaussian noise channel to achieve a cryptographic primitive that is important in secure multiparty computation. A protocol for unconditionally secure oblivious transfer is presented. We show that channel input alphabets with a certain algebraic structure and their partitions are useful in achieving the requirements on the primitive. Signal design for a protocol with high information rate is discussed.
Morphology and topographical organization of the retrospleniocollicular connection: A pathway to relay contextual information from the environment to the superior colliculus

The retrospleniocollicular connection is of interest because it constitutes one link between the limbic system, which is considered the anatomical substrate of emotional experience, and the superior colliculus (SC), which mediates approach and avoidance behavior. The morphology, topography, and origin of the retrospleniocollicular connections were studied by using anterograde [biotinylated dextranamine 10,000 (BDA)] and retrograde [Fluoro‐Gold (FG)] tracers. After BDA injections involving retrosplenial granular and agranular cortices, terminal fibers innervating all collicular layers except stratum griseum superficiale were found throughout nearly the entire colliculi. Axons branched within restricted portions of the dorsoventral collicular axis with variable morphologies, suggesting functional heterogeneity. Terminal fields originating in anterior and posterior regions of the retrosplenial cortex were preferentially distributed in laterodorsal and medioventral collicular regions, respectively, but there were also large, densely innervated regions in which the terminal fields overlapped. FG injections in the SC confirmed the retrospleniocollicular topography and demonstrated that this connection originated from layer V pyramidal cells of all retrosplenial areas. The distribution of retrospleniocollicular boutons was related to that of the AChE modules, which are associated with connections in the intermediate layers of the SC. In lateral portions of the SC intermediate layers, most retrospleniocollicular boutons were found in medium AChE stained regions, whereas in medial portions, they terminated in AChE‐poor domains. The present results demonstrate that the retrosplenial cortex is the origin of a broad and dense network of axonal branches that may modulate SC‐mediated motor and physiological responses involved in emotional behavior. J. Comp. Neurol. 425:393–408, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
THE STATE OF THE ART IN SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS

The seismic hazard analysis is concerned with getting an estimate of the strong-motion parameters at a site for the purpose of earthquake resistant design or seismic safety assessment. For generalized applications, seismic hazard analysis can also be used to prepare macro or micro zoning maps of an area by estimating the strong-motion parameters for a closely spaced grid of sites. Two basic methodologies used for the purpose are the “deterministic” and the “probabilistic” seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) approaches. In the deterministic approach, the strong-motion parameters are estimated for the maximum credible earthquake, assumed to occur at the closest possible distance from the site of interest, without considering the likelihood of its occurrence during a specified exposure period. On the other hand, the probabilistic approach integrates the effects of all the earthquakes expected to occur at different locations during a specified life period, with the associated uncertainties and randomness taken into account. The present paper gives a critical and detailed description of both deterministic and probabilistic approaches for seismic hazard analyses. A large number of example results are presented to illustrate the implementations of the two approaches. The results of the probabilistic approach are able to account for the effects of all the controlling factors in a balanced way, and can thus be considered more reliable. The advantages quoted in favour of using the deterministic approach can simply be achieved via deaggregation of the probabilistic hazard analysis.
MAJOR HAZARDS ANALYSIS - AN IMPROVED PROCESS HAZARD ANALYSIS METHOD

Process hazard analysis (PHA) often focuses on the major hazards of fires, explosions and toxic releases. Traditional PHA methods such as the Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) study and What-If analysis often necessarily include scenarios for other hazard types such as operability problems. This may be desired but sometimes is not. There is a need for a PHA technique that directly and exclusively addresses major process hazards. Such hazards are realized when process containment is lost so the method proposed here uses a categorization scheme to guide brainstorming of initiating events that will result in fires, explosions or toxic releases. It provides a more efficient and likely more complete identification of major hazard scenarios than current PHA methods.
Activation of the beta interferon promoter by unnatural Sendai virus infection requires RIGI and is inhibited by viral C proteins STRAHLE

As infection with wild-type (wt) Sendai virus (SeV) normally activates beta interferon (IFN-beta) very poorly, two unnatural SeV infections were used to study virus-induced IFN-beta activation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts: (i) SeV-DI-H4, which is composed mostly of small, copyback defective interfering (DI) genomes and whose infection overproduces short 5'-triphosphorylated trailer RNAs (pppRNAs) and underproduces viral V and C proteins, and (ii) SeV-GFP(+/-), a coinfection that produces wt amounts of viral gene products but that also produces both green fluorescent protein (GFP) mRNA and its complement, which can form double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) with capped 5' ends. We found that (i) virus-induced signaling to IFN-beta depended predominantly on RIG-I (as opposed to mda-5) for both SeV infections, i.e., that RIG-I senses both pppRNAs and dsRNA without 5'-triphosphorylated ends, and (ii) it is the viral C protein (as opposed to V) that is primarily responsible for countering RIG-I-dependent signaling to IFN-beta. Nondefective SeV that cannot specifically express C proteins not only cannot prevent the effects of [. ] STRAHLE, Laura Eve, et al. Activation of the beta interferon promoter by unnatural Sendai virus infection requires RIG-I and is inhibited by viral C proteins. Journal of Virology, 2007, vol. 81,
Identification of Genes of VSH-1, a Prophage-Like Gene Transfer Agent of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

ABSTRACT VSH-1 is a mitomycin C-inducible prophage of the anaerobic spirochete Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. Purified VSH-1 virions are noninfectious, contain random 7.5-kb fragments of the bacterial genome, and mediate generalized transduction of B. hyodysenteriae cells. In order to identify and sequence genes of this novel gene transfer agent (GTA), proteins associated either with VSH-1 capsids or with tails were purified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of 11 proteins were determined. Degenerate PCR primers were designed from the amino acid sequences and used to amplify several VSH-1 genes from B. hyodysenteriae strain B204 DNA. A λ clone library of B. hyodysenteriae B204 DNA was subsequently screened by Southern hybridization methods and used to identify and sequence overlapping DNA inserts containing additional VSH-1 genes. VSH-1 genes spanned 16.3 kb of the B. hyodysenteriae chromosome and were flanked by bacterial genes. VSH-1 identified genes and unidentified, intervening open reading frames were consecutively organized in head (seven genes), tail (seven genes), and lysis (four genes) clusters in the same transcriptional direction. Putative lysis genes encoding endolysin (Lys) and holin proteins were identified from sequence and structural similarities of their translated protein products with GenBank bacteriophage proteins. Recombinant Lys protein hydrolyzed peptidoglycan purified from B. hyodysenteriae cells. The identified VSH-1 genes exceed the DNA capacity of VSH-1 virions and do not encode traditional bacteriophage early functions involved in DNA replication. These genome properties explain the noninfectious nature of VSH-1 virions and further confirm its resemblance to known prophage-like, GTAs of other bacterial species, such as the GTA from Rhodobacter capsulatus. The identification of VSH-1 genes will enable analysis of the regulation of this GTA and should facilitate investigations of VSH-1-like prophages from other Brachyspira species.
ClimateWNA—High-Resolution Spatial Climate Data for Western North America

This study addresses the need to provide comprehensive historical climate data and climate change projections at a scale suitable for, and readily accessible to, researchers and resource managers. This database for western North America (WNA) includes over 20 000 surfaces of monthly, seasonal, and annual climate variables from1901to2009;severalclimatenormalperiods; andmultimodelclimateprojectionsforthe2020s, 2050s, and 2080s. A software package, ClimateWNA, allows users to access the database and query point locations, obtain time series, or generate custom climate surfaces at any resolution. The software uses partial derivative functions of temperature change along elevation gradients to improve medium-resolution baseline climate estimates and calculates biologically relevant climate variables such as growing degree-days, number of frost-free days, extreme temperatures, and dryness indices. Historical and projected future climates are obtained by using monthly temperature and precipitation anomalies to adjust the interpolated baseline data for the location of interest. All algorithms used in the software package are described and evaluated against observations from weather stations across WNA. The downscaling algorithms substantially improve the accuracy of temperature variables over the medium-resolution baseline climate surfaces. Climate variables that are usually calculated from daily data are estimated from monthly climate variables with high statistical accuracy.
Plasma 8-isoPGF 2 α and serum melatonin levels in patients with minimal cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease

Fevziye Burcu ŞİRİN*, Duygu KUMBUL DOĞUÇ, Hüseyin VURAL, İbrahim EREN, İkbal İNANLI, Recep SÜTÇÜ, Namık DELİBAŞ Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey Department of Psychiatry, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
Change in the proton T1 of fat and water in mixture

This work describes observed changes in the proton T1 relaxation time of both water and lipid when they are in relatively homogeneous mixtures. Results obtained from vegetable oil–water emulsions, pork kidney and lard mixtures, and excised samples of white and brown adipose tissues are presented to demonstrate this change in T1 as a function of mixture fat fraction. As an initial proof of concept, a simpler acetone‐water experiment was performed to take advantage of complete miscibility between acetone and water and both components' single chemical shift peaks. Single‐voxel MR spectroscopy was used to measure the T1 of predominant methylene spins in fat and the T1 of water spins in each setup. In the vegetable oil–water emulsions, the T1 of fat varied by as much as 3‐fold when water was the dominant mixture component. The T1 of pure lard increased by 170 msec (+37%) when it was blended with lean kidney tissue in a 16% fatty mixture. The fat T1 of lipid‐rich white adipose tissue was 312 msec. In contrast, the fat T1 of leaner brown adipose tissue (fat fraction 53%) was 460 msec. A change in the water T1 from that of pure water was also observed in the experiments. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of hydrogen bonding in the crystal structures of zinc phosphate hydrates.

The compounds alpha- and beta-hopeite have been synthesised by hydrothermal crystallisation from aqueous solution at 90 degrees C and 20 degrees C, respectively. The crystal structures of these polymorphic forms of zinc phosphate tetrahydrate (ZPT), Zn(3)(PO(4))(2). 4 H(2)O, have been resolved. Single-crystal analysis proves that the main difference between the alpha and beta forms of ZPT is caused by the difference in orientation of one of the water molecules in the ZnO(6) octahedral network, indicating two different hydrogen-bonding patterns. A previously unknown hopeite, Zn(3)(HPO(4))(3). 3 H(2)O (ZHPT), has been isolated and analysed. This helps to achieve a better understanding of the mechanism of formation of zinc phosphate compounds. Unambiguous identification of each phase is established by analysis of their unique thermal behaviour and thermodynamic interrelationship.
Polygamous Marital Structure and Child Survivorship in Ghana: Age Dependent Effect?

A key limitation of existing research on the influence of family structure on child outcomes in cultures characterized by widespread polygamy is the implicit view of marriage as monolithic and by default monogamous. In the African context, there is the need to make a distinction between polygamous and monogamous mothers since these marital circumstances imply varying levels of parental support necessary for optimum child outcomes. Using data from the 1998 and 2003 Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys, this paper assesses the effects of polygamy on child survivorship. The study is guided by competing theses on the interconnectedness between polygamy and child survival. These findings are discussed in relation to the main theoretical paradigms.
Effect of ozone exposure in vivo on response of bronchial rings in vitro: role of intracellular Ca2+.

In this study we investigated the role of intracellular Ca2+ in ozone- (O3) induced airway hyperresponsiveness. Acetylcholine-induced airway responses were measured before and after inhalation of O3 (3 ppm, 30 min) or dry air. In vitro experiments were performed with intact ring segments of third- to fifth-order bronchi. Bronchial responses to carbachol (CCh) were evaluated in Krebs solution (2.5 mM Ca2+) and in Ca(2+)-free [0.1 mM ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA)] Krebs solution with or without indomethacin (IDM, 10(-5) M) and were expressed as percentage of the maximal KCl response (60 mM). Inhalation of O3, but not dry air, caused airway hyperresponsiveness to acetylcholine in vivo. Responses to 50% effective concentrations of CCh were similar in bronchial preparations from O3 and control animals (with or without IDM) in normal Krebs solution. In Ca(2+)-free solution, CCh induced a sustained (20-min) bronchial contraction. These contractions relaxed immediately when nifedipine or a high EGTA concentration was added to the organ bath. The sustained contraction was abolished when the tissues had been incubated with cyclopiazonic acid (10(-5) M), a novel inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump. After O3 exposure, responses of the bronchial smooth muscle (in Ca(2+)-free medium without IDM) were increased (P < 0.05) compared with controls during the first and second CCh stimulations. This O3-induced increase in response to CCh in Ca(2+)-free solution was abolished when the tissues were incubated with IDM. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A novel isolated-port voltage equalizer for photovoltaic systems under mismatch conditions

A novel voltage equalizer called Multilevel Architecture is proposed for series-connected photovoltaic (PV) system to prevent negative influence of mismatch issues. This undesirable mismatch triggers multiple power maxima in PV string P-V characteristics, encumbering maximum power points tracking (MPPT) algorithms. This paper designed a control scheme for isolated-port flyback converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). The synchronous strategy is also investigated and discussed for the equalizer to compensate the mismatched PV elements efficiently. Furthermore, Simulation and experimental results for four PV elements connected in series are included to demonstrate the benefits of this approach, with biasing currents of 5A, 4A, 3A, 2A, respectively. With the proposed voltage equalizer, local MPPs were successfully eliminated and the total generated power is significantly increased.
Protein C inhibitor inhibits breast cancer cell growth, metastasis and angiogenesis independently of its protease inhibitory activity

Protein C inhibitor (PCI) regulates the anticoagulant protein C pathway and also inhibits urinary plasminogen activator (uPA), a mediator of tumor cell invasion. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of human PCI and its inactive derivatives on tumor growth and metastasis of human breast cancer (MDA‐231) cells, and on angiogenesis in vivo. The invasiveness of MDA‐231 cells was inhibited by recombinant intact PCI, but not by reactive site‐modified PCI (R354APCI) or by the N‐terminal fragment of protease‐cleaved PCI (NTPCI). The in vitro invasiveness of MDA‐231 cells expressing intact PCI (MDA‐PCI) was significantly decreased as compared to MDA‐231 cells expressing R354APCI (MDA‐R354APCI) or NTPCI (MDA‐NTPCI). Further, in vivo growth and metastatic potential of MDA‐PCI, MDA‐R354APCI and MDA‐NTPCI cells in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice were significantly decreased as compared to MDA‐Mock cells. Angiogenesis was also significantly decreased in Matrigel implant containing MDA‐PCI, MDA‐R354APCI or MDA‐NTPCI cells as compared to that containing MDA‐Mock cells. In vivo angiogenesis in rat cornea and in vitro tube formation were also inhibited by recombinant intact PCI, R354APCI and NTPCI. Furthermore, the anti‐angiogenic activity of PCI was strong as cleaved antithrombin (AT), and slightly stronger than that of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)‐1 and pigment epithelium‐derived factor (PEDF). Overall, this study showed that, in addition to a reactive site‐dependent mechanism, PCI may also regulate tumor growth and metastasis independently of its protease inhibitory activity by inhibiting angiogenesis. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mental health and functional outcomes of maternal and adolescent reports of adolescent depressive symptoms.

OBJECTIVE To assess the value of maternal and self-ratings of adolescent depression by investigating the extent to which these reports predicted a range of mental health and functional outcomes 4 years later. The potential influence of mother's own depressed mood on her ratings of adolescent depression and suicidal ideation on adolescent outcome was also tested. METHOD A longitudinal population-based study of 842 adolescents ages 11 to 16 at the baseline assessment and 15 to 20 at follow-up (62% retention). RESULTS Both mother- and adolescent-rated depressive symptoms predicted future depression, antisocial behavior, impairment, health service use, and regular tobacco use in the adolescent. The odds ratios obtained for maternal and adolescent ratings of depressive symptoms as predictors of future psychopathology were not significantly different. Mothers' own depressive symptoms were not significantly associated with adolescent depression, health service use, or substance use at follow-up. Depression that was accompanied by adolescent-rated suicidal thoughts was significantly more strongly associated with impairment at follow-up than depression alone. CONCLUSIONS It is possible to obtain clinically useful information on adolescent depression from the child's mother. However, information on suicidal ideation was rarely endorsed by mothers, suggesting that maternal report of adolescent suicidal thoughts shows less sensitivity than adolescent report.