Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Select gp120 V2 domain specific antibodies derived from HIV and SIV infection and vaccination inhibit gp120 binding to alpha4beta7

The GI tract is preferentially targeted during acute/early HIV-1 infection. Consequent damage to the gut plays a central role in HIV pathogenesis. The basis for preferential targeting of gut tissues is not well defined. Recombinant proteins and synthetic peptides derived from HIV and SIV gp120 bind directly to integrin α4β7, a gut-homing receptor. Using both cell-surface expressed α4β7 and a soluble α4β7 heterodimer we demonstrate that its specific affinity for gp120 is similar to its affinity for MAdCAM (its natural ligand). The gp120 V2 domain preferentially engages extended forms of α4β7 in a cation -sensitive manner and is inhibited by soluble MAdCAM. Thus, V2 mimics MAdCAM in the way that it binds to α4β7, providing HIV a potential mechanism to discriminate between functionally distinct subsets of lymphocytes, including those with gut-homing potential. Furthermore, α4β7 antagonists developed for the PLOS Pathogens | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat. 1007278 August 28, 2018 1 / 32 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111
DESIGN OF A DECIMATION FILTER USED IN DIGITIZER FOR EARTHQUAKE MONITORING SYSTEM WITH HIGHER SPEED

The delegation of the Egyptian National Seismic Network (ENSN) is to determine rapidly the location and size of all destructive earthquakes worldwide and to immediately disseminate this information to concerned national and international authorities, scientists, and the public. An earthquake monitoring system consists of many electronic devices, one of these vital devices is the digitizer which converts analogue to digital signal. The Digitizer consist of three main modules, the first module is front-end, the second module is the parallel to digital converter using an oversampling technique with decimation filter and finally the packetization module. The Egyptian National Seismic Network (ENSN) is a fully automated and network system dedicated to the digital learning and real-time processing of seismological data, as considerably as the speedy exchange of earthquake data. This paper will focus on designing the decimation filter. The current decimation filter consists of three stages. The total decimation factor is 300. Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter can reach more in effect performance with lower computational complexity and lower cumulative delay. The primary goal of this paper is optimizing the order of each stage using genetic algorithm. Finally both designs can be implemented on FPGA kit and a comparison between these two designs can be done. As a consequence, the computational complexity and the cumulative delay reduced to be 3052100 multiplications per second and 0.12 seconds respectively. The operating frequency of the modified decimation filter reached 8 MHz with power consumption of 211 mW on FPGA, VIRTEX7 xc7v585t-ffg1157.
Applying Deep Learning and Vector Representation for Software Vulnerabilities Detection

This paper 1 addresses a problem of vulnerability detection in software represented as assembly code. An extended approach to the vulnerability detection problem is proposed. This work concentrates on improvement of neural network-based approach described in previous works of authors. The authors propose to include the morphology of instructions in vector representations. The bidirectional recurrent neural network is used with access to the execution traces of the program. This has significantly improved the vulnerability detecting accuracy.
Gamma-ray Full Spectrum Analysis for Environmental Radioactivity by HPGe Detector

3Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources, Daejeon, Korea Odyssey, one of the NASA’s Mars exploration program and SELENE (Kaguya), a Japanese lunar orbiting spacecraft have a payload of Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (GRS) for analyzing radioactive chemical elements of the atmosphere and the surface. In these days, gamma-ray spectroscopy with a High-Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector has been widely used for the activity measurements of natural radionuclides contained in the soil of the Earth. The energy spectra obtained by the HPGe detectors have been generally analyzed by means of the Window Analysis (WA) method. In this method, activity concentrations are determined by using the net counts of energy window around individual peaks. Meanwhile, an alternative method, the so-called Full Spectrum Analysis (FSA) method uses count numbers not only from full-absorption peaks but from the contributions of Compton scattering due to gamma-rays. Consequently, while it takes a substantial time to obtain a statistically significant result in the WA method, the FSA method requires a much shorter time to reach the same level of the statistical significance. This study shows the validation results of FSA method. We have compared the concentration of radioactivity of 40 K, 232 Th and 238 U in the soil measured by the WA method and the FSA method, respectively. The gamma-ray spectrum of reference materials (RGU and RGTh, KCl) and soil samples were measured by the 120% HPGe detector with cosmic muon veto detector. According to the comparison result of activity concentrations between the FSA and the WA, we could conclude that FSA method is validated against the WA method. This study implies that the FSA method can be used in a harsh measurement environment, such as the gamma-ray measurement in the Moon, in which the level of statistical significance is usually required in a much shorter data acquisition time than the WA method.
Robust M Tests Without Consistent Estimation of the Asymptotic Covariance Matrix

We extend the KVB approach of Kiefer, Vogelsang, and Bunzel (2000) to constructing robust M tests without consistent estimation of the asymptotic covariance matrix. We demonstrate that, when model parameters have to be estimated, the normalizing matrix computed using a full-sample estimator is able to eliminate the nuisance parameters when there is no estimation effect but not otherwise. To circumvent the problem of estimation effect, we propose using recursive estimators to compute the normalizing matrix and show that the resulting M test is asymptotically pivotal. This M test is, thus, robust not only to heteroscedasticity and serial correlations of unknown form but also to the presence of an estimation effect. As examples, we consider robust tests for serial correlations and robust information matrix tests. The former tests extend that of Lobato (2001) and are applicable to model residuals. For testing higher-order moments, we find that the latter tests are also robust when a lower-order moment is misspecified. Our simulations confirm that the proposed M tests are properly sized and have power advantage when other tests are computed based on inappropriate user-chosen parameters.
The Interrelationship of FDI and GDP in European Transition Countries

Theory states that the foreign direct investments (FDI) have multiple positive effects on a countryâ€™s economy. Evidence can be sought from Central and Eastern European countries where FDI is seen as one of the main contributors to GDP growth. This paper examines the relationship between FDI and GDP growth rate in Croatia and other chosen European transition countries using bivariate VAR models. Based on the research conducted, it was found that FDI Granger causes GDP growth in most countries. This is especially true in Poland, Czech Republic and Hungary which have attracted a significant amount of FDI starting from 1990. The estimated VAR models for Latvia and Slovenia provide evidence that GDP causes FDI, corroborating the theory that investor are prone to stable macroeconomic conditions. This paper tries to make a comparative analysis of FDI-GDP link in New EU member states. Further research should certainly include other aspects such as the quality of the legislative system, labor productivity and labor costs, access to capital markets, etc
Why Wikipedia Needs to Make Friends with WordNet

Data of various kinds acquired from Wikipedia is gaining popularity in NLP and related areas of research. For one reason, Wikipedia provides us with data with broad coverage. Its coverage is so broad that no other freely available linguistic resource can match it. It is often claimed that this is evidence for the triumph of “collective intelligence. ” Radical enthusiasts of Wikipedia even go on to claim that researchers in NLP and SemanticWeb no longer need WordNet (WN) (Fellbaum, 1998). 1) They allude to the superiority of Wikipedia-derived data over manually crafted data like WN in terms of development ease, speed, and cost as well as coverage. WN comes with precision endorsed by psychological reality that most WWWderived data lacks, but some people also tend to criticize the subjective nature of the word senses that WN specify, no matter how finegrained its sense distinctions are. All in all, they seem to try to dismiss WN-like lexical resources by suggesting that they are outdated in the age of WWW. And here comes the crucial question, Does Wikipedia dispense with the need for WordNet? In this paper, we argue that the answer is
Weak electric fields promote resonance in neuronal spiking activity: Analytical results from two-compartment cell and network models

Transcranial brain stimulation and evidence of ephaptic coupling have sparked strong interests in understanding the effects of weak electric fields on the dynamics of neuronal populations. While their influence on the subthreshold membrane voltage can be biophysically well explained using spatially extended neuron models, mechanistic analyses of neuronal spiking and network activity have remained a methodological challenge. More generally, this challenge applies to phenomena for which single-compartment (point) neuron models are oversimplified. Here we employ a pyramidal neuron model that comprises two compartments, allowing to distinguish basal-somatic from apical dendritic inputs and accounting for an extracellular field in a biophysically minimalistic way. Using an analytical approach we fit its parameters to reproduce the response properties of a canonical, spatial model neuron and dissect the stochastic spiking dynamics of single cells and large networks. We show that oscillatory weak fields effectively mimic anti-correlated inputs at the soma and dendrite and strongly modulate neuronal spiking activity in a rather narrow frequency band. This effect carries over to coupled populations of pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons, boosting network-induced resonance in the beta and gamma frequency bands. Our work contributes a useful theoretical framework for mechanistic analyses of population dynamics going beyond point neuron models, and provides insights on modulation effects of extracellular fields due to the morphology of pyramidal cells. Author Summary The elongated spatial structure of pyramidal neurons, which possess large apical dendrites, plays an important role for the integration of synaptic inputs and mediates sensitivity to weak extracellular electric fields. Modeling studies at the population level greatly contribute to our mechanistic understanding but face a methodological challenge because morphologically detailed neuron models are too complex for use in noisy, in-vivo like conditions and large networks in particular. Here we present an analytical approach based on a two-compartment spiking neuron model that can distinguish synaptic inputs at the apical dendrite from those at the somatic region and accounts for an extracellular field in a biophysically minimalistic way. We devised efficient methods to approximate the responses of a spatially more detailed pyramidal neuron model, and to study the spiking dynamics of single neurons and sparsely coupled large networks in the presence of fluctuating inputs. Using these methods we focused on how responses are affected by oscillatory weak fields. Our results suggest that ephaptic coupling may play a mechanistic role for oscillations of population activity and indicate the potential to entrain networks by weak electric stimulation.
Using a Virtual Reality Environment to Simulate the Pushing of Cylindrical Nanoparticles

With the rise in the use of AFM (Atomic Force Microscope), we have witnessed a growing use of atomic microscope based nanorobots in the precise displacement of various particles. There are certain limitations to the application of nanorobots in the moving of nanoparticles. One of the most important of these limitations is the lack of an appropriate image feedback concurrent with the displacing process; thus, the design of a graphical interface is essential in this regard. In this paper, the displacement of a cylindrical nanoparticle in a straight path, and in the air medium, has been simulated by means of a virtual reality graphical interface. This simulation is actually aimed at eliminating the previously stated limitation through the use of a graphical interface. The procedure has been presented in seven stages and the relevant diagrams of each stage have been extracted. Then, the obtained diagrams have been interpreted and discussed. In the end, by using the experimental results and the existing simulations for spherical particles, the presented results have been validated.
Effects of a Deeper Countermovement on Vertical Jump Biomechanics after Three Weeks of Familiarisation - Preliminary Findings

This pilot study investigated whether a deeper countermovement was beneficial after a training period for neuromuscular adaptation. Nine male participants practised deep countermovement jumps (2 sets × 10 jumps) at home daily for three weeks. After training, the kinematics and ground reaction forces of normal and deep countermovement jumps were assessed. Adopting a deeper countermovement resulted in lower squat depth (normal: 0.38 (0.08) m, deep: 0.50 (0.09) m, p = . 008) and greater range of motion at the ankle, knee and hip (all p < .05). Participants did not, however, improve in jump height (normal: 0.58 (0.08) m, deep: 0.59 (0.09) m, p = . 314). Squatting down deeper does not have necessary result in a higher jump height for all individuals. The lack of difference in jump height may be explained by insufficient training duration and intensity, and/or poor use of arm swing in the deep countermovement jumps. Future studies can confirm these preliminary results with more participants.
Evidence Brief : Mortality following non-fatal opioid overdose

Opioid-related harms in the Ontario population continue to rise, including emergency department visits, hospitalizations and deaths. Specifically, the rate of emergency department visits in Ontario for opioid poisoning increased from 15.2 to 26.3 per 100,000 between 2003 and 2015. In 2015, there were 3,628 emergency department visits and 1,745 patients hospitalized for opioid poisoning, as well as 730 opioidrelated deaths. Together, these outcomes represent a large burden of opioid-related morbidity and mortality, as well as health care costs. Comprehensive strategies to address opioidrelated harms are developing in many jurisdictions in North America, including Ontario. These strategies typically include aspects of prevention, treatment, harm reduction and law enforcement, which are also reflected in Canada’s updated Drugs and Substances Strategy.
The Mechanism of Non-contact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Female Athletes: Is the Injury Mechanism Different between the Genders?

ACL injury is one of the most frequent and costly injuries in sports, and is a major risk factor for early knee osteoarthritis. Although female gender is a major risk factor for ACL injury, differences in the injury mechanism between males and females have not yet been determined. The goal of this review was to determine whether there is any evidence of gender differences in the mechanisms of ACL injury. MRI studies demonstrated that the location of bone bruises after ACL injury was similar between genders and that males demonstrated more extensive damage in the joint, suggesting the involvement of higher energy but not a difference in injury mechanism. Video analyses of the process of ACL injury has shown common body positions at the time of injury, but failed to reveal differences in the joint motions between genders. Therefore, the mechanism of ACL injury is likely to be similar across genders.
Discovery of GRS 1915+105 variability patterns in the Rapid Burster

We report the discovery of two new types of variability in the neutron star low-mass X-ray binary MXB 1730−335 (the ‘Rapid Burster’). In one observation in 1999, it exhibits a large-amplitude quasi-periodic oscillation with a period of about 7 min. In another observation in 2008, it exhibits two 4-min-long 75 per cent deep dips 44 min apart. These two kinds of variability are very similar to the so-called ρ or heartbeat variability and the θ variability, respectively, seen in the black hole low-mass X-ray binaries GRS 1915+105 and IGR J17091−3624. This shows that these types of behaviour are unrelated to a black hole nature of the accretor. Our findings also show that these kinds of behaviour need not take place at near-Eddington accretion rates. We speculate that they may rather be related to the presence of a relatively wide orbit with an orbital period in excess of a few days and about the relation between these instabilities and the type II bursts.
A Roadmap for the Development of the 'SP Machine' for Artificial Intelligence

This paper describes a roadmap for the development of the SP Machine, based on the SP Theory of Intelligence and its realization in the SP Computer Model. The SP Machine will be developed initially as a software virtual machine with high levels of parallel processing, hosted on a high-performance computer. The system should help users visualize knowledge structures and processing. Research is needed into how the system may discover low-level features in speech and in images. Strengths of the SP System in the processing of natural language may be augmented, in conjunction with the further development of the SP System’s strengths in unsupervised learning. Strengths of the SP System in pattern recognition may be developed for computer vision. Work is needed on the representation of numbers and the performance of arithmetic processes. A computer model is needed of SP-Neural, the version of the SP Theory expressed in terms of neurons and their interconnections. The SP Machine has potential in many areas of application, several of which may be realized on short-to-medium timescales.
Influence of Imprinting of an X Chromosome and of the MethyleneTetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) 677C>T Polymorphism on FVIII Activity

Background: In females, one X-chromosome is transcriptionally silenced by methylation of CpG sites in every cell during early embryogenesis. The methyl groups needed for DNA methylation are provided by the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). A polymorphism in the enzyme (677C>T, rs1801133) affects MTHFR concentrations and possibly also methylation of X-chromosomal genes. Whether X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) by methylation is associated with the MTHFR 677C>T genotype is currently unknown. It is also unclear whether the imprinting subsequently influences factor VIII activity in carrier females. Methods: We determined XCI in 61 hemophilia A carrier females and 174 control females by analysis of the human androgen receptor locus. Genotyping of MTHFR 677C>T was performed by mutagenically separated PCR, FVIII:C was tested by one-stage coagulation assays. Results: Slight skewing of XCI (X1:X2<1:3) was not associated with FVIII:C activity in hemophilia A carriers and controls. In contrast, strongly skewed XCI, which was observed in 10 carrier females, was associated with FVIII:C activity levels. If the X-chromosome carrying the mutated F8 gene was methylated, FVIII:C levels were higher. In contrast, FVIII:C levels were lower if the X-chromosome with the intact F8 gene was imprinted. We found a significant association of the 677TT MTHFR genotype with low FVIII in carrier females. The MTHFR genotype was not associated with FVIII:C in control females. Conclusion: Highly skewed imprinting of the X-chromosome influenced FVIII:C levels in carriers of hemophilia A. We found a significant association of MTHFR 677TT with low FVIII: C in hemophilia A carriers. Surprisingly, the MTHFR 677TT genotype was not significantly associated with X-chromosome inactivation. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms further studies will be necessary.
Religion, Division of Labor, and Conflict: Anti-Semitism in Germany over 600 Years

We study the role of economic incentives in shaping the coexistence of Jews, Catholics, and Protestants, using novel data from Germany for 1,000+ cities. The Catholic usury ban and higher literacy rates gave Jews a specific advantage in the moneylending sector. Following the Protestant Reformation (1517), the Jews lost these advantages in regions that became Protestant. We show (i) a change in the geography of anti-Semitism with persecutions of Jews and anti-Jewish publications becoming more common in Protestant areas relative to Catholic areas; (ii) a more pronounced change in cities where Jews had already established themselves as moneylenders. These findings are consistent with the interpretation that, following the Protestant Reformation, Jews living in Protestant regions were exposed to competition with the Christian majority, especially in moneylending, leading to an increase in anti-Semitism. (JEL D74, J15, N33, N43, N93)
Cost Effective Conceptual Design for Semantic Annotation

It is well established that extracting and annotating occurrences of entities in a collection of unstructured text documents with their concepts improve the effectiveness of answering queries over the collection. However, it is very resource intensive to create and maintain large annotated collections. Since the available resources of an enterprise are limited and/or its users may have urgent information needs, it may have to select only a subset of relevant concepts for extraction and annotation. We call this subset a conceptual design for the annotated collection. In this paper, we introduce and formally define the problem of cost effective conceptual design, where given a collection, a set of relevant concepts, and a fixed budget, one likes to find a conceptual design that improves the effectiveness of answering queries over the collection the most. We provide efficient algorithms for special cases of the problem and prove prove that it is generally NP-hard in the number of relevant concepts. We propose three efficient approximation to solve the problem: greedy algorithm, Approximate Popularity Maximization (APM for short), and Approximate Annotation-benefit Maximization (AAM for short). We show that if there is not any constraints regrading the overlap of concepts, APM is a fully polynomial time approximation scheme. We also prove that if the relevant concepts are mutually exclusive, greedy algorithm delivers a constant approximation ratio if the concepts are equally costly, APM has a constant approximation ratio, and AAM is a fully polynomial time approximation scheme. Our empirical results using Wikipedia collection and a search engine query log validate the proposed formalization of the problem and show that APM and AAM efficiently compute conceptual designs. They also indicate that in general APM delivers the optimal conceptual designs if the relevant concepts are not mutually exclusive. Also, if the relevant concepts are mutually exclusive, the conceptual designs delivered by AAM improve the effectiveness of answering queries over the collection more than the solutions provided by APM.