Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and experimental analysis of a water chiller using ammonia as refrigerant.

Ammonia is widely used as a refrigerant in industrial systems for food refrigeration, distribution warehousing and process cooling. Today NH3 is gaining more and more favour thanks to its very low environmental impact and its superior thermodynamic properties. In fact, the use of ammonia for applications outside traditional refrigeration is increasing, and ammonia is seen as a viable natural alternative to halocarbons for both refrigeration and water chilling for air-conditioning systems when handled correctly. In this paper a newly developed low refrigerant charge water chiller operating with ammonia as the refrigerant is described. The aim of the project was at developing a prototype of a machine with a cooling capacity of 120 kW. It has been shown that such a system can be designed to operate with 10 kg of ammonia. A simulation model of the chiller was developed and its results compared with experimental data. A simulation and experimental campaign was carried out, testing the chiller at external temperatures ranging from 10 to 40°C, the unit energy efficiency ranging from 5.02 to 2.72.
Personalised REsponses to DIetary Composition Trial (PREDICT): an intervention study to determine inter-individual differences in postprandial response to foods

The Personalised REsponses to DIetary Composition Trial (PREDICT) was a single-arm, single-blind intervention study that utilized both standardized “test” meals and captured “free-living” non-standardized food consumption, to predict an individual’s metabolic response to foods based on the person’s characteristics (including their metabolomic and gut microbiome profiles), meal composition (macronutrients and energy content) and meal context (including time of day, sleep and exercise). The initial study commenced in June 2018 and targeted 1,000 generally healthy participants between the ages of 18 and 65 years for enrollment in the United Kingdom, and recruited from the existing and ongoing TwinsUK research cohort and the general population. In December 2018, an independent trial mirroring the UK protocol was launched in parallel at Massachusetts General Hospital to serve as a US-based validation cohort including 100 healthy individuals in the general population. The overall objective of these trials was to predict glucose, insulin, lipid and other postprandial responses to foods based on the individual’s characteristics, including molecular biomarkers and lifestyle factors as well as the nutritional composition of the food. The studies, collectively termed PREDICT 1, were completed in May 2019. The study has delivered highly-dimensional multi-omic data from which the predictors of individual postprandial responses have been determined. These findings will be used to design personalized dietary interventions focused on key health outcomes. This protocol is registered with the US National Institutes of Health trial registry, ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03479866.
Direct Solar Reduction of CO2 to Fuel: First Prototype Results

Direct solar reduction of CO2 to CO and oxygen has been demonstrated using only solar energy. Known thermochemical, kinetic, and spectral properties of the CO2/CO/O2 system enable the process. In this first prototype system, a solar focusing mirror and secondary concentrator were used to provide high solar intensity around a ceramic rod. This high-temperature, high solar irradiance environment provided strong heating of CO2 with the resultant dissociation to CO and oxygen. Quenching of the back reaction was provided by the geometry and gas dynamics of the system and by cool gas quencher jets just downstream. The best measured net conversion of CO2 to CO was near 6%, which is compared to a plant design target of 12%. The peak observed conversion of solar energy to chemical energy was 5%. Calculations indicate that a mature system will yield 20% solar-to-chemical energy conversion with an additional 25% electrical energy.
High-resolution XPS study of decanethiol on Au(111): Single sulfur-gold bonding interaction

The chemisorption of 1-decanethiol on the Au(111) single crystal has been studied with synchrotron-based, high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy with molecular film prepared from both gas-phase dosing and solution immersion to vary surface coverage over a wider range. The structure of the molecular film, determined separately via low-energy electron diffraction, includes a c(23 × √3) stripe phase and c(3 × 2√3) saturated phases. Careful curve fitting of the S 2p2/3 core level reveals that there is only one sulfur species at a binding energy of 162.1 eV in the film and the spectrum of the S 2p core level does not vary with the surface coverage and existence temperature of the decanethiolate. This finding is inconsistent with the sulfur-pairing model proposed based on X-ray scattering and standing wave studies. Up to two C 1s core levels at 284.0 and 285.0 eV can be observed, depending on the surface coverage. Angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements are utilized to provide a direct .
AFM and TEM image of phenylacetylene polymerization on Rh/PVP colloidal nanoparticles

Rh/PVP nanoparticles were used as a new kind of catalyst in polymerization of phenylacetylene (PA). Polyphenylacetylene (PPA), purely cis-transoidal, was obtained with a yield up to 90% and molecular weights equal from 21100 to 140700. The polymerization reaction was monitored by AFM (atomic force microscopy) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) methods. Before polymerization, spontaneous aggregation of Rh/PVP nanoparticles in methanol into dense spherical nanostructures having a tendency to form ordered superstructures upon drying, was observed. The formation and increase of PPA fibres around Rh nanoparticles was followed in time with AFM and TEM. The stretched PPA fibres adopt a helical structure with a pitch of about 5 nm.
Reflectance FTIR Microspectroscopy for Studying Effect of Xylan Removal on Unbleached and Bleached Birch Kraft Pulps

Summary The effect of the partial removal of xylan on unbleached and bleached birch kraft pulps was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy and the resulting data were analyzed by multivariate data analysis, i.e., principal component analysis (PCA) and maximum likelihood principal component analysis (MLPCA). Isolated model substances (xylan, cellulose and lignin) were used to calibrate these methods. Clear chemical changes in the relative proportions of the main constituents and functional groups on the pulp fiber surface were observed as a function of the amount of xylan removed. In addition, due to the partial removal of xylan, indications of some physical changes were observed.
Aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition of photochromic tungsten oxide and doped tungsten oxide thin films

Thin films of tungsten oxide, titanium doped tungsten oxide and overlayers of titanium oxide/tungsten oxide have been produced by aerosol assisted CVD (AACVD) at 400 °C. The films were crystalline monoclinic WO3 by XRD, showing strong preferred orientation in the (0 2 0) plane. Films were blue on deposition (WO3−x; x ≈ 0.1). Fully oxidised yellow WO3 films were produced by annealing the blue films in air at 500 °C. The annealed films showed a photochromic transition to a coloured blue state when irradiated with 254 nm or 365 nm UV light. The colour change was reversible; the films returned to their original yellow colour when left in the dark, after which the blue colour could be regained by further UV irradiation. The WO3 and layered WO3/TiO2 films showed significant photochromism, while comparable thickness titanium doped WO3 films showed reduced photochromism, proportional to the level of Ti doping.
The Excitonic Exchange Splitting and Radiative Lifetime in PbSe Quantum Dots

An exciton evolving from an m-fold degenerate hole level and an n-fold degenerate electron level has a nominal m × n degeneracy, which is often removed by electron−hole interactions. In PbSe quantum dots, the degeneracy of the lowest-energy exciton is m × n = 64 because both the valence-band maximum and the conduction-band minimum originate from the 4-fold degenerate (8-fold including spin) L valleys in the Brillouin zone of bulk PbSe. Using a many-particle configuration-interaction approach based on atomistic single-particle wave functions, we have computed the fine structure of the lowest-energy excitonic manifold of two nearly spherical PbSe quantum dots of radius R = 15.3 and 30.6 A. We identify two main energy splittings, both of which are accessible to experimental probe: (i) The intervalley splitting δ is the energy difference between the two near-edge peaks of the absorption spectrum. We find δ = 80 meV for R = 15.3 A and δ = 18 meV for R = 30.6 A. (ii) The exchange splitting Δx is the energy dif.
Extraction of fatty compounds from fingerprints for GCMS analysis

The composition of fingerprints can contain a wealth of information with regard to the donor of the fingerprint. Fatty acids and other related sebaceous materials can be used to classify donor groups, as previously reported. The extraction of these particular materials from the fingerprint entities has proven to be rather tedious and difficult to reproduce on standardised samples. We present a two step method to obtain a broad spectrum of sebaceous materials from fingerprints in high yields with good reproducibility. By dissolving the fingerprint material in MeOH in the presence of TMSCl the fatty acids are esterified to their corresponding fatty acid methyl esters. During this extraction some of the other sebaceous materials are extracted as well. Only in a consecutive extraction with CHCl3 is an optimal extraction of the fatty content of a fingerprint achieved.
Ion enrichment in aerosols dispersed from bursting bubbles in aqueous salt solutions

It is well known that a large part of the soluble salts found in soils, rivers, and lakes comes from rainwater. These salts are believed to originate as ocean spray carried into the atmosphere from the surface of the seas. Here, tiny bubbles come to the surface and fracture, sending upward aerosols which contain these salts. Studies have been shown that the ratio of the ions present within these aerosols are considerably different from those found in the oceans. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the bubble-bursting process in an effort to determine what is influencing the change in ion ratio. This was done by simulating the bubble-bursting mechanism in very simple salt solutions of concentrations similar to those found in the ocean. Variables examined were concentration, ion character, particle size, and pH. It was found that definite trends in enrichments of one ion species with respect to another in the aerosol phase are related to the ratios of ions in the bulk solution. Also affecting enrichment is the pH of the bulk solution. Enrichments varied with aerosol droplet size in a periodic fashion, with peaks around 1.0 and 6.0 ? m. The results further point to the fact that the ionic double layer is a major factor in the enrichment process in that it influences the ionic equilibria in the thin film of a bubble. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1973. tb00611.x
Comparison of the standards for high and ultrahigh vacuum at three national standards laboratories

A preliminary phase of an international comparison of standards for high and ultrahigh vacuum was carried out by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the National Physical Laboratory-Teddington (NPL-UK), and the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). A spinning rotor gauge (SRG), a Bayard-Alpert gauge (BAG) and an extractor gauge (EXG) were chosen as transfer standards. The comparison was carried out in a star-like pattern with PTB as pilot laboratory. The argon pressures generated by the standards at 9×10−4 Pa were compared by measuring the accommodation coefficient of the SRG, the argon pressures from 3×10−7 Pa to 9×10−4 Pa by measuring the sensitivity of the two ionization gauges. The accommodation coefficients determined at NIST and PTB indicate a difference between the pressures generated by the NIST and PTB standards of (PNIST−PPTB)/PPTB=(0.09±0.11)% (standard or one-sigma uncertainty). For the pressures between 3×10−7 Pa and 9×10−4 Pa the results obtained at NIST and PTB.
Visible Light Communication Survey

Communication applying visible light technology is a novel approach. Visible Light Communication (VLC) development is motivated by the increasing demand for wireless communication technologies. It has the potential to provide highspeed data communication with good security and improved energy efficiency. The rapid evolution of VLC was sustained by the LEDs performances. The Light-Emitting-Diode (LED) luminaires are capable of switching to the different light intensity at a fast rate. This function can be used for data transmission. This article focuses on the physical layer of the VLC links. It reviews the technology, the topology of the proposed connection, and the benefits of this approach. The main research trends are identified emphasizing state of the art in this area. It shows how VLC technology evolved and what are the performances achieved at this time. Various structures of the transmitter and receiver are studied, and different modulation schemes are investigated. Finally, numerous applications of VLC technology are presented.
Computer simulation study on the structure and physical property of pyrene-functionalized fluorescent film

Abstract Experimentally, the fluorescent intensity of the pyrene-functionalized fluorescent film is reduced by introducing nitrobenzene. In order to fulfill the functional reason of this quenching effect, a molecular dynamics simulation is adopted in this paper. The simulation finds that the structural changes of the pyrene molecules in the film are the main reason for the quenching effects. Result reveals that, in the vacuum environment, the distance between a pair of pyrene ring centers distributes from about 4 Å to 10 Å, and a large number of distances populate at 5.3 Å, which is a suitable distance for excimer emission. The introduction of nitrobenzene leads to a decrease of the population of pyrene molecules within that distance, indicating a decrease of excimer emission of the film. In addition, the pyrene molecule rings in the film prone to adopt a quasicoplanar structure in the vacuum, but less likely arrange into a coplanar structure when nitrobenzene is introduced. Study clearly indicates that the structural changes are all caused by the insertion of the incoming nitrobenzene molecules into the previously coplanar pyrene rings. Analysis of structure factor and X-ray scattering also indicates that the structural modification of the pyrene molecules surely reduces the fluorescent intensity of the pyrene-functionalized film in the nitrobenzene environment.
SIMULTANEOUS SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF CODEINE PHOSPHATE, ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID, AND CAFFEINE IN TABLETS BY INVERSE LEAST-SQUARES AND PRINCIPAL COMPONENT REGRESSION TECHNIQUES

ABSTRACT Inverse least-squares (ILS) and principal component regression (PCR) techniques were proposed for the spectrophotometric simultaneous analysis of ternary mixture containing codeine phosphate, acetylsalicylic acid and caffeine without any pretreatment. A training set of the title drugs was randomly prepared for both techniques. The absorbance values were measured at the 15 points in the wavelength range 220–290 nm for the absorption spectra. The ILS and PCR calibrations were constructed by using their algorithms and they were tested for the synthetic mixtures of three drugs. Means recoveries and relative standard deviations for ILS and PCR were found as 100.2 and 1.23%, 99.5 and 2.10% for codeine phosphate, 100.5 and 1.30%, 100.3 and 1.18% for acetylsalicylic acid and 99.4 and 1.33%, 99.3 and 1.31% for caffeine, respectively. We realised the numerical computations by using the ‘Maple V ’ software. The results were successfully observed by applying the chemometric techniques to the tablets, and a good agreement was found between the obtained values and the indicated quantities of the pharmaceutical formulation marketed in Turkey.
Trajectory planning for mobile manipulators with vibration reduction

A new method of online trajectory planning for mobile manipulators using the extended Jacobian approach, taking into account state and control constraints, allowing the mobile manipulator to reduce the arm vibrations is presented. The proposed approach is based on the concept of virtual control which scales the trajectory preventing robot controls from changing rapidly and ensuring that the control constraints are fulfilled. The simulation results presenting the features of the developed algorithm have been shown. The effectiveness of the method in vibration reduction is confirmed by an experiment involving a KUKA youBot mobile robot.
Organogels as Matrices for Controlled Drug Delivery: A Review on the Current State

Over the last two decades, organogels have found tremendous use in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics industries with notable developments as drug delivery matrices and trans and saturated fat replacers in processed foods. The functionality of organogels benefits from their ease of preparation, cost effectiveness, and ability to contain both hydrophilic and lipophilic constituents. This review provides thorough insight into different organogelators, their mechanisms of organogel formation, various characterization techniques and their biocompatibility when administered in vivo. Finally, a special treatise is given on the applications of organogels as controlled drug delivery vehicles for topical, dermal/transdermal, parenteral, oral, and nasal routes. In situ forming organogels and their potential for tailored release of incorporated active ingredients are also discussed.
Understanding the Evidence-Based Policy Making (EBPM) Discourse in the Making of the Master Plan of National Research (RIRN) Indonesia 2017-2045

The government of Indonesia has initiated the Master Plan of National Research (RIRN) 2017-2045 as a policy umbrella of national research activity. The initiative has been in place since 2015, yet the process required a long period of coordination. And with the extensive movement of evidence-based policymaking (EBPM), there has been a call of expectation towards policymakers to accurately use scientific evidence in their policymaking process. However, the complexity of policymaking process renders the ideal notion of EBPM questionable. This research attempts to understand how the EBPM as an idea can shape the interactions of actors in the policymaking process by using the discursive institutionalism as the analytical framework. By conducting ten interviews with actors involved in the making of RIRN and close examination of the policy documents for content analysis, this research describes the institutional features of EBPM discourse in Indonesia, which are reflected in the interactions of policy actors in the policymaking process of RIRN. This research also offers descriptive and learning narratives on the role of discourse in the policymaking process.
Biosorption of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) by chemically-reinforced biomass of marine algae

Particles of two different sizes (0·105–0·295 mm and 0·84–1.00 mm diameter) of two marine algae, Sargassum fluitans and Ascophyllum nodosum, were crosslinked with formaldehyde (FA), glutaraldehyde (GA) or embedded in polyethylene imine (PEI), followed by glutaraldehyde crosslinking. They were used for equilibrium sorption uptake studies with cadmium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc. The metal uptake by larger particles (0·84–1·00 mm) was higher than that by smaller particles (0·105–0·295 mm). The order of adsorption for S. fluitans biomass particles was Pb > Cd > Cu > Ni > Zn, for A. nodosum copper and cadmium change places. Uptakes of metals range from qmax = 378 mg Pb g−1 for S. fluitans (FA, big particles), to qmax = 89 mg Zn g−1 for S. fluitans (FA, small particles) as the best sorption performance for each metal. Generally, S. fluitans is a better sorbent material for a given metal, size and modification, although there were several exceptions in which metal sorption by A. nodosum was higher. The metal uptake for different chemical modifications showed the order GA > FA > PEI. A comparison of different sorption models revealed that the Langmuir sorption model fitted the experimental data best.
Adsorption Kinetics and Interfacial Dilational Properties of Fluorinated Hyperbranched Polymer at n-Decane/Water Interface

The dynamic interfacial tension of a series of novel hyperbranched fluoropolymer with different hydrophobic chain lengths at the n-decane/water interface is examined. The kinetics of adsorption of the polymers is analyzed with pure diffusion model and diffusion-reorientation model. The results show that at the earlier stages of adsorption, the transport of the fluoropolymer from the n-decane solution to the interface is governed by pure diffusion-controlled mechanism; at the end stages of adsorption, the mixed diffusion-reorientation mechanism is more reasonable in describing the adsorption kinetics. Moreover, the influences of oscillating frequency and bulk concentration on dilational properties are explored. The results show that the hydrophobic chain length of the polymer controls the nature of adsorption film and the film is elastic in nature.
Stereochemical kinetics of polymerization of methyl methacrylate under group-transfer polymerization conditions. 13C NMR analysis of poly(methyl methacrylate) terminated with labeled end groups

The stereochemistry of the chain end of poly(methyl methacrylate) prepared under group-transfer polymerization conditions and terminated with 13 CH 3 I in the presence of tri(dimethylamino)sulfonium difluorotrimethylsiliconate (TASSiMe 3 F 2 ) is determined by 13 C NMR and compared with the tacticity of the chain. The propagation statistics reveal consistency with a Bernoullian process for the entire temperature range studied (-96 to +45°C), confirming previous reports based on main-chain triad tacticity alone
Real-Time Pendant Drop Tensiometer Using Image Processing with Interfacial Area and Interfacial Tension Control Capabilities

Abstract Among different methods used for the measurement of interfacial tension, the pendant drop is particularly well adapted to liquid–liquid interfaces. Using an integrated form of Laplace's equation, we have developed an automatic pendant drop tensiometer which allows a real-time measurement (i.e., three to five measurements per second) with an accuracy less than 0.1%. The very new feature of this tensiometer is the possibility of controlling the interfacial area and the interfacial tension during an experiment for the study of (i) adsorption processes at constant area or tension and (ii) the dynamical properties of the Marangoni effect for adsorbed layers.
Surface activity and ion exchange. A study via surface tension, wetting tension, and surface force techniques

The surface pressure of adsorbed layers of the cationic surfactants lauryl- and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and ion exchange effects caused by the electrolytes sodium bromide and sodium acetate were studied at interfaces of water with air and methylated glass. New techniques used made possible a quantitative comparison of dynamic and equilibrium surface tension, wetting tension, and surface force (adhesion) isotherms and a control of surface purity. The surface activity is slightly higher at the interface with air than at the interface with the hydrophobic solid. In other respects, surface pressure isotherms for the two interfaces are similar. The methylated surfaces in pure water are effectively uncharged. Their mutual repulsion in solutions is due to ionic surfactant adsorption and is described at long distances by DLVO theory. At contact the interaction is always attractive but the adhesion is reduced according to the repulsive surface pressure contribution. The distance from which the surfaces jump.