Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Soil Water Storage Temporal Stability With and Without Outliers

The knowledge on the temporal stability of spatial variability of soil water storage in the crops’ root zone is of fundamental importance for soil and water management. The objective of this work was to characterize the temporal distribution of water storage in a Latossolo vermelho amarelo and identify field locations with spatial patterns of high, intermediate and low soil water storage, in 13 samplings every 14 days. The assessed period included periods of drying and water recharge of the soil, along which soil water content was determined at 60 sampling points arranged in a 5 × 5 m grid covering an area of 1250 m2 (25 × 50 m). Soil water content was determined by means of a neutron probe, at soil depths of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 m. Soil water storage was calculated by Simpson’s rule and data were analyzed by the temporal persistence of the spatial pattern. Maximum values of soil water storage were obtained at the portion of the area with water flux concentration (sampling points 4, 28 and 57), with and without outliers, and low values of soil water storage were obtained at the highers levels of the site (sampling points 12, 18 and 19), with and without outliers. The sites representing the mean soil water storage were 32, 51 and 11, considering outliers, and 8, 11 and 53, without considering outliers.
Do achievement goals mediate the relationship between classroom goal structures and student emotions at school?

ABSTRACT It is expected that teacher practices could improve students’ emotional state by encouraging the endorsement of adaptive goals. However, the mediation effect of achievement goals in the relationship between classroom goal structures and emotions has never been demonstrated empirically. This study therefore investigated this important issue using a multilevel framework, which is more appropriate for testing contextual effects. The participants were 1,232 students (9th grade) from 72 classrooms. They completed a self-reported questionnaire about their emotions at school, their achievement goals and their perceptions of classroom goal structures. Multilevel analysis showed that students’ anger, anxiety, and enjoyment were related to goal structures at classroom level. Only the effects of mastery goal structure on anger and enjoyment were mediated by students’ mastery goals. These results highlight the relevance of simultaneously considering personal goals and classroom goal structures using multilevel models. From a practical point of view, these findings mainly support the relevance of classroom mastery goal structure to improve students’ emotional well-being.
Influence Of Organic Matrix And Cations On Bio-Methane Yield With Anthracite Methanogenic Consortium

Organic compounds fermentation of coal has been used to generate secondary biogenic gas and enhance gas reservoirs in coal bed. To enhance the bio-degradation process, culture nutrition plays an important role in remediating the nutritional deficiency of the coal seam. The influence of bio-methane yield with organic inputs and cation concentrations was examined. Research of organic matrix influence revealed that the traditional organic material except yeast extract should forbid, and the input of yeast extract should limit at 1.00g/L also. Further, the study demonstrated that the ion concentration of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and ammonia nitrogen also influenced methane and carbon dioxide yields. And the optimize concentrations for Ca2+, K+, Na+, Mg2+ were 5.1, 1.7, 23 and 1.3 mmol/L. The Mg2+ was particularly sensitive in inhibiting CH4 metabolism processes largely for gas-coal methanogenic consortium.
DÖVİZ KURU GETİRİ VE VOLATİLİTESİNDE UZUN HAFIZA TESTİ: 2008 KÜRESEL FİNANS KRİZİNE İLİŞKİN BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Bu calisma Turkiye doviz piyasasinda islem goren Amerikan Dolari/Turk Lirasi, Euro/Turk Lirasi ve Pound/Turk Lirasi doviz kurlarinin 02.01. 2002 ile 31.12. 2019 tarihleri arasindaki gunluk kapanis fiyatlarini kullanarak getiri ve volatilite serilerinde uzun hafizanin varligini test etmek amaciyla yapilmaktadir. Yapilan analizlerde, getiride sadece Euro getiri serisi icin kriz oncesi donemde uzun hafizanin oldugu sonucuna ulasilmistir. Butun doviz kurlarinda tum veri seti icin volatilitede uzun hafizanin oldugu tespit edilmistir. Amerikan Dolari getiri serisi icin kriz donemi ve kriz sonrasi donemde, Euro getiri serisi icin de kriz oncesi donemde getiri ve volatilitede ikili uzun hafizanin var oldugu belirlenmistir. FIAPARCH modelinde asimetri parametresi olan γ, tum veri seti icin anlamli ve negatif degerde bulunmustur. Bu, pozitif bilgi soklarinin negatif bilgi soklarina gore volatilite uzerinde daha baskin oldugu yani daha fazla oynakliga neden oldugunu ifade etmektedir. Ayrica Riske Maruz Deger Analizi sonucunda, tum doviz kurlari icin ARFIMA-FIAPARCH modeli en uygun VaR modeli olarak bulunmustur.
Elemental composition and rough source apportionment of fine particulate matter in air in Cracow, Poland

Samples of PM2.5 fraction (particles with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm) of air particulates were collected in winter 2011 and summer 2012 in Cracow, Poland. The concentrations of PM2.5 were 50±23 μg/m (wintertime) and 16±6 μg/m (summertime). The energy dispersive X-Ray fluorescence method was used for the determination of the concentrations of PM2.5-related elements. Principal component analysis and multilinear regression analysis were used to determine source contributions to ambient concentrations of PM2.5. In wintertime, the sources of air pollution were identified as municipal emission, steel and ferrous industry (49.2%), traffic (37.8%) and other, not identified sources (13%), whereas during summer, they were traffic (53%), steel and ferrous industry (18%), and not identified sources (29%).
Candidate Genes and Stable QTL for Grain Yield and Seed Size in Durum Wheat

Background: In wheat grain yield is expressed as the product of different components. Among these, thousand kernels weight (TKW) reflects the combination of several grain related traits including grain length (GL), grain width (GW) and area. Grain weight is also affected by phenological traits, such as heading time (HT) and plant height (PH). To detect stable QTL and candidate genes involved in phenotypic control of grain yield, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from two elite durum wheat cultivars (Liberdur and Anco Marzio) was evaluated for yield components and grain related traits for three growing seasons in southern Italy. The mapping population was genotyped with a 90K SNP array and a high-density genetic linkage map with 5134 markers was obtained.Results: A total of 30 QTL were detected on the durum RIL population including 9 stable QTL for TKW (2 QTL), GL, GW (2 QTL), AREA, HT and PH (2 QTL) distributed on 1B, 2A, 3A and 6B chromosomes. Interestingly, a QTL cluster mapped on 2A included a major QTL for HT explaining at least 70% of phenotypic variance and co-located with a QTL for YLD, TKW, GL and GW and AREA, respectively. In the physical position of this QTL cluster a photoperiod sensitivity gene (Ppd-A1) was found. Serine carboxypeptidase, Big Grain 1 and β-fructofuranosidase candidate genes were mapped in clusters containing stable QTL. Candidate genes involved in auxin metabolism were also found in QTL clusters in which a QTL for AREA was declared. Conclusions: This study showed that yield components and phenological traits had higher inheritances than grain yield, allowing an accurate stable QTL cluster detection. This was a powerful requisite to physically map QTL on the reference durum wheat genome and to identify candidate genes strongly affecting the genetic grain yield network.
Patterning of Stretchable Organic Electrochemical Transistors

The fabrication of stretchable electronic devices is presently rather challenging on account of both the limited number of materials showing the desired combination of mechanical and electrical properties and the lack of techniques to process and pattern them. Here we report on a fast and reliable transfer patterning process to fabricate high-resolution metal microelectrodes on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) by using ultrathin Parylene films (2 μm thick). By combining transfer patterning of metal electrodes with orthogonal patterning of the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) on a prestretched PDMS substrate and a biocompatible “cut and paste” hydrogel, we demonstrated a fully stretchable organic electrochemical transistor, relevant for wearable electronics, biosensors, and surface electrodes to monitor body conditions.
Dynamic Pricing for Truckload Transportation Marketplaces

We consider a truckload transportation marketplace in which a market maker sells transportation services to shippers and buys transportation services from carriers. Shippers enter into contracts with the market maker that specify the prices that the shippers have to pay the market maker for transportation. These contracts cover multiple loads over a relatively long specified period of time. When a shipper wants a load to be transported, the shipper enters the load data, including the origin, destination, load type, and requested pickup time, into the marketplace. The market maker chooses the prices offered to carriers for transporting the loads. The market maker can adjust these prices over time based on the dynamics of supply and demand. Carriers check the offers in the marketplace and choose among the available loads. We formulate the market maker's load pricing problem as a Markov decision process (MDP). The MDP captures randomness in the load and carrier arrival processes, as well as carriers' random choice behavior. As it is computationally inefficient to solve this MDP as the market size increases, we study a discrete-time fluid approximation of the problem. This approximation results in a simple pricing policy whose price for each load depends on the time remaining until the load has to be picked up, but does not depend on the other loads in the marketplace. We show that this policy is asymptotically optimal with a loss ratio of order $O(1/\theta)$, where $\theta$ represents the scale of shipper demand and carrier supply. We also present a continuous-time fluid model and discuss the managerial insights provided by its solution.
Risk Management Committee and Bank Performance: Evidence from the Adoption of Dodd-Frank Act

This paper tests the effect of the establishment of risk management committee on bank risk, bank loan performance and bank value. The Dodd Frank Act of 2010 provides us with quasi-experimental variation on risk management committee establishment that facilitates identification. I present two identification methods: (1) identifying the risk management committee effect using an instrumental variable that is based on the difference-in-differences; and (2) testing the risk management committee effect using the $10 billion assets as a cutoff and employing the fuzzy regression discontinuity design. I find that the establishment of risk committee has effectively reduced bank risks, including total risk, tail risk, residual risk, and asset risk. The risk committee is also beneficial to firm value increment and non-performing loan reduction. In addition, I find that the risk reduction effect from the risk management committee is more pronounced among asset diversified banks.
Wine Quality and Taste Classification Using Machine Learning Model

-In recent years the product quality has been one of the crucial parts for every single industry. The conventional methods for assessing the product quality are very time consuming and also not having the optimal result however with the resultant in dynamic Technology movement. We have the concepts of machine learning and data science through this technique it’s become more efficient to assess or to predict any kind of thing efficiently. In this paper, we have explored several machine learning techniques for evaluating wine quality based on different metrics and properties related to wine quality. In this paper, we have also used several machine learning algorithms to rank the quality of wines and investigate why people make the wine taste more interesting. We have selected the features using the most popular machine learning techniques. We used different types of datasets for this particular study.
Microarray profiling of long noncoding RNAs and mRNA expression in the kidney of rats damaged by cadmium

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that can induce nephrotoxicity with the unclear molecular mechanism. Microarray technology is a tool in the global analysis of gene expression, allowing for the simultaneous investigation of hundreds or thousands of genes in a sample. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a novel class of noncoding RNAs that are involved in a variety of biological processes and human diseases. For the gene expression analysis, kidney tissues from both normal(fed with physiological saline) and cadmium treated rats(fed with 6.6mg/kg cadmium for 4 weeks) were collected. Total RNA was extracted and subjected to the CapitalBio Technology Rat LncRNA Array v1, KEGG, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis were applied to screen and analyze differentially regulated genes. This study identified 322 lncRNAs and 495 mRNAs that were differentially expressed after cadmium-induced kidney damage, indicating a potential role for lncRNAs and mRNAs. Enrichment analysis of differentially expressed mRNAs and the results could be enriched to inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels, which may be related to kidney damage caused by cadmium. Subsequently, the mRNA expression in this channel was verified by RT-qPCR. A lncRNA-mRNA-transcription factor co-expression network was constructed to relate lncRNAs to regulatory factors and pathways that may be important in the kidney by cadmium damage. This study analyzed differentially expressed genes in the kidney tissues of normal and cadmium damage by microarray analysis and bioinformatics, and to determine the potential molecular mechanisms of nephrotoxicity damaged by cadmium.
Effect of N ω -nitro-l-arginine on ventilatory response to hypercapnia in anesthetized cats

Teppema, Luc, Aad Berkenbosch, and Cees Olievier Effect of N ω -nitro-l-arginine on ventilatory response to hypercapnia in anesthetized cats. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(1): 292–297, 1997. —The effect of intravenous administration of 40 mg/kg N ω -nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA), an inhibitor of the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), on the ventilatory response to CO 2 was studied in anesthetized cats. The ventilatory response to CO 2 was assessed during normoxia by applying square-wave changes in end-tidal P CO 2 of ∼1 kPa. Each CO 2 response was separated into a fast peripheral and slow central component characterized by a CO 2 sensitivity (S p and S c , respectively), time constant, time delay, and an offset (apneic threshold). l-NNA reduced S p , S c , and the apneic threshold significantly by ∼30%. However, the ratio S p /S c was not changed. It is argued that the reduction in S p and S c , S p /S c remaining constant, may be due to a potent inhibitory action ofl-NNA on the brain stem respiratory-integrating centers and on the neuromechanical link between these centers and respiratory movements. It is concluded that NO plays an important role in the control of breathing.
Factors Influencing the Technical Efficiency of Small-scale Maize Farmers in the Foumbot and Foumban Subdivisions in Cameroon

This study determined the technical efficiency of the maize production by small-scale farmers in the Foumbot and Foumban subdivisions in Cameroon. Multistage sampling technique was used to sample a total of 148 maize-farming households, i.e., 77 in Foumbot and 71 in Foumban. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to collect data on farm inputs and outputs and on farm and farmer characteristics. Data envelopment analysis was conducted to estimate efficiency scores, while a Tobit regression analysis model was used to determine the influence of farm and farmer characteristics on technical efficiency. The results indicated that the average technical efficiency was of 35%. This implies that the technical efficiency of the maize production in the Foumbot and Foumban subdivisions is low and could be enhanced by 65% through the improved use of available resources, given the prevailing state of technology. Our findings suggest that technical efficiency is positively influenced by farm and farmer characteristics such as formal education levels of the HHHs, years of maize farming experience, membership to farmer associations, hired labor, use of manure, and production advice received through extension services. To reduce technical inefficiency, farmers should be appropriately trained to improve their agronomic knowledge on maize production. Farmers are also encouraged to form and be active members of farmer associations. Finally, policies and programs that promote extension services should be promoted to improve the maize production in the study areas.
Representations of the Forest Sector in Economic Models

Forest sector models encompass a set of models used for forest-related policy analysis. As representations of a complex human-environment system, they incorporate multiple facts from their target, the forest sector, which is usually understood as comprising forests, forestry and forest industries. Even though they pursue similar goals and display similarities, forest sector models show divergences in their representation of the forest sector. In this paper, we question and discuss the determinants behind the representation of facts in forest sector models, and try to highlight the reasons behind modelling practices. The forest sector’s boundaries are often unclear, and it comprises facts of different natures for which dynamics take place on different time and spatial scales. As a result, modelling practices vary, and both empirical data and theory play varying roles in representing facts. Early models were developed in the 1970s and find their roots in traditional forest economics, the economics of natural resources, econometrics, but also transportation problems and system dynamics. Because they developed within a small but well-connected field, early efforts were influential in shaping current practices. Numerical simulation and scenario analysis are used as means of enquiry into model worlds: in that, forest sector models are a classical example of model use in economics, and they constitute a good example of how simulation models have been developed for decision-support purposes. Forest sector modelling is heavily influenced by its applied uses, and policy contexts shape both questions asked and how facts are introduced in scenario storylines. Understanding the determinants of modelling choices is necessary to ensure sound modelling practices. Forest sector models are now used to address issues wider than timber production. Practices turn to integration into multi-model frameworks to expand the boundaries of the system studied, but also towards the use of qualitative methods as new ways of representing facts, in particular deep changes that quantitative models may not be able to capture.
Milk yield of cows submitted to different levels of olive pomace in the diet

The cultivation of olive trees is expanding in Brazil, mainly in Rio Grande do Sul in order to meet the demand for olive oil, the main product of the industrialization of olives. However, from the extraction, there is a significant generation of waste. This residue has high moisture and an appropriate destination is necessary given its environmental and economic importance. The chemical composition of the residue is similar to other products used in animal feed, such as corn silage or sorghum, in relation to DM, CP and NDF, the differential being high levels of EE and ADL. In order to evaluate the replacement of corn silage by the extraction residue of olive oil (olive pomace), eight Holstein dairy cow, between 90 and 100 days of lactation, were used, making a double Latin square (4x4). Analyzes were made regarding animals, feed and milk product in order to verify the feasibility of the substitution. The inclusion of olive pomace, conserved as silage, to replace corn silage, in the diet of lactating cows up to 15% (dry basis) does not alter milk production, as well as its composition and feed efficiency.
Process optimization of the mechanical properties of AISI 1020 steel quenched using maize-stover ash potash solution

The process parameter optimization of maize-stover ash potash (MSAP) as a quenching medium for heat treatment of AISI-1020 steel was conducted in this study to improve the mechanical properties of steel after carburization and quenching. The optimization process utilized Taguchi L9(32) orthogonal array method to determine the individual Signal to Noise (S/N) ratio and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). A multi-response weighted analysis technique was applied to derive combined quality responses of the heat treated test pieces. The result shows that the optimal factor level of MSAP solution strength was achieved at AM1BM1, which offered 57.6 HRC hardness, 39 J toughness and 1971 N/mm2 tensile strength as improved mechanical properties for the heat treated steel. Keywords: Optimization, MSAP, quenching, Taguchi, ANOVA
Role of indigenous Bilaminar dermal regeneration template in the management of degloving injury

Various modalities of treatment options and dressing materials are available in today’s era of medical advancement. A lot of newer dressing materials and adjuncts are in use for burn wound management. Bilaminar dermal regeneration template has been in use since the 1980s but owing to its high cost, its affordability and availability in third world developing countries is questionable. Here we have described our experience with the use of an indigenously made cost effective dermal regeneration template made from available materials in degloving injury raw area.
A simulation model for planning of the mashing process

Choosing an appropriate mashing program for given malt analysis results and required wort composition is a complex task and requires a deep understanding of the process dynamics. A simulation program was developed for describing the effects of the mashing temperature on the hydrolysis of starch, β-glucans, and proteins during mashing. The program is based on mathematical models that predict the activities of α-amylase, β-amylase, and β-glucanase and the concentrations of fermentable sugars, dextrins, residual starch, β-glucans, free amino nitrogen, and total nitrogen in the liquid phase of the mash. Previous models were further developed by incorporating the effects of barley starch used as an adjunct and the effects of exogenous β-glucanases. A new model for predicting free amino nitrogen concentration during mashing is described in detail. The simulation program has been tested by Finnish breweries and maltings and its use in practical brewing is discussed.