Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Turbulence-chemistry interaction models for numerical simulation of aeronautical propulsion systems. (Modèles d'interaction chimie-turbulence pour la simulation numérique de systèmes de propulsion aéronautique)

La modelisation de l'interaction turbulence-chimie est un point cle dans la simulation numerique des ecoulements reactifs turbulents. Cette these est consacree a l'adaptation et l'integration de differents modeles de combustion turbulente dans le code d'ecoulements diphasiques reactifs pour l'energetique (CEDRE) de l'ONERA. La premiere partie de la these est dediee a l'etude des equations quasi-lineaires hyperboliques stochastiques aux derivees partielles (SPDEs) qui sont statistiquement equivalentes a une equation de transport pour la fonction de densite de probabilite (PDF) jointe vitesse-scalaires. Il est demontre que pour preserver l'equivalence entre les SPDEs et l'equation de transport pour la PDF jointe vitesse-scalaires, les solutions multivaluees des SPDEs doivent etre prises en compte. Une nouvelle methode stochastique pour resoudre les SPDEs, recemment proposee par O. Soulard [EmakoLetizia2014], est etudiee et validee sur des cas-tests unidimensionnels. Il est montre que cette methode permet de trouver les solutions multivaluees des SPDEs au sens statistique. La resolution numerique des SPDEs etant particulierement couteuse, une seconde voie a ete exploree au cours de cette these. Il s'agit, dans la deuxieme partie de ce memoire, de la mise en oeuvre du modele "flammelettes tabulees pour la chimie" (FTC) et du modele "reacteur partiellement melange etendu" (EPaSR). Avec le code CEDRE, l'approche FTC est mise a jour en supposant une distribution de type beta-PDF. L'adaptation LES/EPaSR [SabelnikovFureby2013] pour le RANS et son integration dans CEDRE ont ete realisees. Les modeles EPaSR et "FTC avec beta-PDF presumee" ont ete valides par rapport aux donnees experimentales [MagreMoreau1988] sur une configuration de flamme stabilisee par une marche descendante. Il est montre que le calcul RANS/EPaSR donne un meilleur accord avec l'experience que les autres approches evaluees.
Landscape genetics of the self‐compatible forest herb Geum urbanum: effects of habitat age, fragmentation and local environment

To investigate the role of habitat fragmentation, fragment age and local environment in shaping the genetics of plant populations, we examined the genetic structure of the self‐compatible forest herb Geum urbanum using microsatellite markers. A historical land‐use reconstruction assigned the studied populations to two age classes: populations in primary forest fragments, and populations in secondary fragments. Local environmental conditions were quantified on the basis of the herb‐layer community composition. A stepwise general linear model revealed that levels of within‐population genetic diversity were best explained by population size, landscape connectivity and the interaction between both. Connectivity was positively correlated with the genetic diversity of small populations, but did not significantly affect the diversity of large populations. Contrary to what we expected, secondary‐forest populations showed lower divergence relative to populations located in primary patches. Small populations were genetically more diverged compared to large populations. Mantel tests showed no significant isolation by distance and no significant correlation between habitat similarity and genetic differentiation. We conclude that gene flow has probably prevented founder events from being reflected in the present genetic structure of G. urbanum. Gene flow towards low‐connectivity populations, however, seemed to be insufficient to counteract the effects of drift in small populations.
Influence of Donor Age on the Biomechanical and Biochemical Properties of Human Meniscal Allografts

Background Although the use of meniscal allografts to replace severely damaged or absent menisci is commonplace, little is known about the effects of donor age on the biochemical and biomechanical properties of human menisci. Hypothesis The mechanical and biochemical properties of human medial and lateral menisci from donors less than 45 years of age do not vary with donor age. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Thirty-three lateral and 25 medial menisci from 34 donors (26 male and 8 female) ranging from 15 to 44 years of age were harvested and immediately stored at —80°C. The outer third of each meniscus was subjected to static and dynamic tensile analysis. In addition, the biochemical composition (collagen, proteoglycan, and water content) of these samples was analyzed. Results There was no correlation between donor age and static tensile stiffness for either the lateral (R2 = .003) or medial (R2 = .002) meniscus. Likewise, there was no correlation between donor age and dynamic tensile modulus for either the lateral or medial meniscus. Although there was a weak, positive correlation between water content and age in both lateral (R2 = .22) and medial (R2 = .25) menisci, there was no effect of age on collagen or proteoglycan content. There were no differences (P > .05) between female and male menisci in any of the measured biomechanical or biochemical parameters tested. Conclusion The tensile properties, as well as the collagen and proteoglycan content, of menisci from donors less than 45 years of age were not age dependent. Clinical Relevance The age of the donor does not appear to affect the initial tensile properties of menisci from donors less than 45 years of age.
Delay-dependent stability of complex dynamical networks with mode-dependent parameters and time delays

In this paper, the definition of the stochastic stability is proposed for a continuous-time complex dynamical network (CDN), and the stochastic stability of the CDN with uncertain parameters and time delay is investigated. Based on the descriptor model transformation, some delay-dependent sufficient conditions are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). An important feature of the results is that both the uncertain parameters and the time delay are subjected to the same continuous-time homogeneous Markov jump process which has discrete and finite state space. Another feature of the results is that the second stability condition is dependent on the difference between upper and lower bound of the delay. A numerical example is presented to show the effectiveness of the theoretical result.
Detecting and Tracking People in Motion - A Hybrid Approach Combining 3D Reconstruction and 2D Description

We analyze the most difficult case of visual surveillance, when people in motion are observed by a moving camera. Our solution to this problem is a hybrid system that combines the online 3D reconstruction of stationary background structure, camera trajectory, and moving foreground objects with more established techniques in the 2D domain. Once this 3D part has succeeded in focusing the attention on a particular, moving foreground object, we continue in the 2D image domain using a state-of-the art shape-based person detector, and meanshift-based object tracking. Our results show various benefits of this hybrid approach beyond improved detection rate and reduced false alarms. In particular, each individual algorithmic component can benefit from the results of the other components, by gathering a richer foreground description, improved self-diagnosis capabilities, and by an explicit use of the available 3D information.
Energy system contributions and determinants of performance in sprint cross‐country skiing

To improve current understanding of energy contributions and determinants of sprint‐skiing performance, 11 well‐trained male cross‐country skiers were tested in the laboratory for VO2max, submaximal gross efficiency (GE), maximal roller skiing velocity, and sprint time‐trial (STT) performance. The STT was repeated four times on a 1300‐m simulated sprint course including three flat (1°) double poling (DP) sections interspersed with two uphill (7°) diagonal stride (DS) sections. Treadmill velocity and VO2 were monitored continuously during the four STTs and data were averaged. Supramaximal GE during the STT was predicted from the submaximal relationships for GE against velocity and incline, allowing computation of metabolic rate and O2 deficit. The skiers completed the STT in 232 ± 10 s (distributed as 55 ± 3% DP and 45 ± 3% DS) with a mean power output of 324 ± 26 W. The anaerobic energy contribution was 18 ± 5%, with an accumulated O2 deficit of 45 ± 13 mL/kg. Block‐wise multiple regression revealed that VO2, O2 deficit, and GE explained 30%, 15%, and 53% of the variance in STT time, respectively (all P < 0.05). This novel GE‐based method of estimating the O2 deficit in simulated sprint‐skiing has demonstrated an anaerobic energy contribution of 18%, with GE being the strongest predictor of performance.
Studies of the physical chemistry of planar bilayer membranes using high-precision measurements of specific capacitance.

A solution is, by definition, any phase containing trro or more components. Thc ccll membrane is a phasc(6) distirrct from the cytoplasm and interstitium contoining lipids and proteins, and is therefore a solution. Simply calling the membronc a solution, however, provides few new insights into mcmbrane architccture. My luboratory is conccrned vith devcloping quantitative methods for describing thc rolution propcrties of membrane systems that we believe will lead to a deeper undcrstanding of membrane organization. Toward this end, we have been studying thc physical chcmistry ofth€ planar bilayer membrane, rvhich is a particularly rimplc mcmbranc solution consisting of alkane molecules dissolved in a l ipid biloycr. This paper describes the rationale for and the results of some of our crpcrimcnts.
Deep venous thrombosis: spectrum of findings and pitfalls in interpretation on CT venography.

319 enous thromboembolism is a major national health problem, with an overall ageand sex-adjusted incidence of more than 1 per 1000 annually [1]. Most pulmonary emboli originate from the femoropopliteal veins. Recently, a comprehensive test that uses CT pulmonary angiography and venography to evaluate both deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism has been proposed in place of two or more separate examinations [2–4]. This article illustrates the findings of acute and chronic deep venous thrombosis on CT venography that has been performed in addition to CT pulmonary angiography. The findings are correlated with sonography in select cases. Pitfalls in interpretation of CT venograms are briefly discussed. Technique CT Venography CT venography is typically performed after CT pulmonary angiography without using additional contrast material. CT pulmonary angiograms are first obtained using 100–150 mL of IV contrast agent administered at a rate of 4 mL/sec with a delay of 15–20 sec before scanning. Three to four Deep Venous Thrombosis: Spectrum of Findings and Pitfalls in Interpretation on CT Venography Kavita Garg 1 and Jie Mao
Recombinant human uteroglobin/CC10 inhibits the adhesion and migration of primary human endothelial cells via specific and saturable binding to fibronectin

Uteroglobin (UG) or Clara Cell 10 kDa protein (CC10) is a small, stable, epithelial secretory anti‐inflammatory protein. Uteroglobin has been shown to inhibit neointimal formation in vivo after balloon angioplasty through an unknown mechanism. An interaction between UG and plasma fibronectin (Fn) has been demonstrated in mice. Since Fn plays a key role in endothelial cell (EC) migration and angiogenesis, we investigated whether recombinant human UG (rhUG) affects EC migration via Fn binding. In this report, we show a saturable binding of rhUG to Fn depending on Fn conformation and that rhUG is covalently cross‐linked to Fn by transglutaminase (TGase). Additionally, our study highlights that rhUG can also bind to exogenously added or self‐secreted Fn on the membrane of human primary microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC), although these complexes are weakly associated with the plasmalemma. Upon the interaction with Fn in solid phase, rhUG strongly inhibits HMVEC attachment on Fn, but not on other ECM proteins. Consequently, rhUG also inhibits cell migration in a dose dependent fashion (I.C.50 = 65 nM) and hinders the “wound healing” in vitro. The small size, stability and human tolerability of rhUG suggest that rhUG in slow‐release form or genetically delivered could be used in humans to modulate cell/Fn interactions in the context of tumor microenvironment or in the context of inflammation and fibrosis. J. Cell. Physiol. 207: 553–561, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fingerprint recognition under the influence of image sensor ageing

Fingerprint recognition performance is affected by many factors. One of these are defective pixels caused by ageing effects of the image sensor. We investigate the impact of these image sensor ageing related pixel defects on the performance of different fingerprint matchers (NBIS, VeriFinger, FingerCode and Phase Only Correlation). The matchers are compared against each other to quantify the differences in the impact. In practice also other influences besides image sensor ageing related effects are present. As we aim to evaluate the impact of the defective pixels only, disregarding template ageing and other external influences, it is not possible to use real image data. Instead an experimental study using an ageing simulation algorithm including hot and stuck pixels is conducted on the FVC2002 and FVC2004 data sets.
COPULATORY BEHAVIOR, GENITAL MORPHOLOGY, AND MALE FERTILIZATION SUCCESS IN WATER STRIDERS

Recent theoretical and empirical interest in postmating processes have generated a need for increasing our understanding of the sources of variance in fertilization success among males. Of particular importance is whether such postmating sexual selection merely reinforces the effects of premating sexual selection or whether other types of male traits are involved. In the current study, we document large intraspecific variation in last male sperm precedence in the water strider Gerris lateralis. Male relative paternity success was repeatable across replicate females, showing that males differ consistently in their ability to achieve fertilizations. By analyzing shape variation in male genital morphology, we were able to demonstrate that the shape of male intromittent genitalia was related to relative paternity success. This is the first direct experimental support for the suggestion that male genitalia evolve by postmating sexual selection. A detailed analysis revealed that different components of male genitalia had different effects, some affecting male ability to achieve sperm precedence and others affecting male ability to avoid sperm precedence by subsequent males. Further, the effects of the shape of the male genitalia on paternity success was in part dependent on female morphology, suggesting that selection on male genitalia will depend on the frequency distribution of female phenotypes. We failed to find any effects of other morphological traits, such as male body size or the degree of asymmetry in leg length, on fertilization success. Although males differed consistently in their copulatory behavior, copulation duration was the only behavioral trait that had any significant effect on paternity.
The Reconstruction of the Mutilated Hand

The challenging reconstructive treatment of defects in the upper extremity requires a sound working knowledge of a variety of flaps. As the hand surgeon weighs the pros and cons of each possible flap to obtain definitive closure, he or she must also integrate the priorities of function, contour, and stability as well as the anticipation of further reconstructive surgery in choosing the flap of choice. This review describes the various flaps available for closure of soft tissue defects of the upper extremity. The principles of management of wounds of the upper extremity is described to guide hand surgeons in the early treatment of massive wounds that will eventually need free tissue coverage. Currently used flaps include fasciocutaneous, fascial, musculocutaneous, muscle, and osteocutaneous flaps. Flap selection is based on the characteristics of the defect including size, shape, and location, the availability of donor sites, and the goals of reconstruction. Improved techniques of microsurgery and an ever increasing repertoire of flaps provide the framework for hand surgeons to offer the most appropriate flap based on donor site, thickness, amount of tissue needed, and composition. A discussion of the selection of ideal flaps for any given defect should enable the reconstructive hand surgeon to provide the most appropriate coverage of wounds to the hand and upper extremity.
Neuromorphic computation in multi-delay coupled models

Neuromorphic computing provides a promising platform for processing high-dimensional noisy signals on dedicated hardware. Using design elements inspired by neurobiological findings and advances in machine learning methodology, delay-coupled systems have recently been developed in the field of neuromorphic computing. Delayed feedback connections enable such systems to generate a complex representation of injected input in the internal state of single nodes , which in our context refer to hardware components with nonlinear behavior and without any memory. In contrast to classical combinatorial circuits or feed-forward networks, this state is not distributed in space but in time. Hardware implementations with low hardware component counts are therefore particularly easy to design for delay-coupled systems. In this paper, we present an argument for using delay-coupled reservoirs using multiple feedback terms with different delays. We present a theoretical analysis of the resulting system, discuss surprising effects pertaining to the precise choice of delays, and provide a guideline for the optimal design of such systems.
A fuzzy shell clustering approach to recognize hyperbolic signatures in subsurface radar images

The authors propose a pattern recognition approach to analyze subsurface radar images and recognize the hyperbolic signatures produced by targets. After enhancing these signatures using a wavelet denoising procedure, pixels are grouped into significant hyperbolic shapes by fuzzy clustering. The approach also provides a validation measure for each recognized shape using so-called "shell thickness". Excellent experimental results justify the use of this algorithm for automatic interpretation of subsurface radar images.
Profiling the Potential of Web Tables for Augmenting Cross-domain Knowledge Bases

Cross-domain knowledge bases such as DBpedia, YAGO, or the Google Knowledge Graph have gained increasing attention over the last years and are starting to be deployed within various use cases. However, the content of such knowledge bases is far from being complete, far from always being correct, and suffers from deprecation (i.e. population numbers become outdated after some time). Hence, there are efforts to leverage various types of Web data to complement, update and extend such knowledge bases. A source of Web data that potentially provides a very wide coverage are millions of relational HTML tables that are found on the Web. The existing work on using data from Web tables to augment cross-domain knowledge bases reports only aggregated performance numbers. The actual content of the Web tables and the topical areas of the knowledge bases that can be complemented using the tables remain unclear. In this paper, we match a large, publicly available Web table corpus to the DBpedia knowledge base. Based on the matching results, we profile the potential of Web tables for augmenting different parts of cross-domain knowledge bases and report detailed statistics about classes, properties, and instances for which missing values can be filled using Web table data as evidence. In order to estimate the potential quality of the new values, we empirically examine the Local Closed World Assumption and use it to determine the maximal number of correct facts that an ideal data fusion strategy could generate. Using this as ground truth, we compare three data fusion strategies and conclude that knowledge-based trust outperforms PageRank- and voting-based fusion.
Excitatory amino acid neurotoxicity in cultured retinal neurons: Involvement of N‐methyl‐D‐Aspartate (NMDA) and Non‐NMDA receptors and effect of ganglioside GM1

Cultures of chicken day 8 embryo retinal cells, essentially free of contaminating non‐neuronal elements, were used to examine the neurotoxicity of various excitatory amino acid transmitter receptor agonists. At 7 days in vitro, N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA), following 24 hr exposure to 0.1‐1.0 mM, destroyed 60‐70% of the multipolar neurons, but apparently spared photoreceptors. The cytotoxic effect of NMDA was prevented by extracellular Mg2+ or phencyclidine, suggesting a role for the NMDA ion channel; competitive NMDA antagonists were also neuroprotective. The mixed excitatory amino acid receptor agonist glutamate (0.1‐1.0 mM) was also neurotoxic (∼70% loss of multipolar neurons) and strongly blocked by NMDA (but weakly by non‐NMDA) antagonists and Mg2+, indicating a major action at NMDA receptors. As with NMDA, glutamate did not appear to affect photoreceptors. The neurotoxic action of kainate against multipolar retinal neurons, as reported by others, was confirmed here. Kainate neuronal injury was sensitive to the quinoxalinedione non‐NMDA antagonists 6,7‐dinitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (DNQX) and 6‐cyanoquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (CNQX), but not to Mg2+ or phencyclidine. Ibotenate and quisqualate, even at millimolar concentrations, were not neurotoxic. The monosialoganglioside GM1 was also effective in reducing NMDA and non‐NMDA agonist neurotoxicity to retinal neurons. Maximal ganglioside benefit required 1‐2 hr of pre‐treatment with 100‐200 μM GM1.The percentage of multipolar neurons remaining after the neurotoxin insult approximately doubled with GM1 treatment. Gangliosides may thus have a therapeutic potential in excitatory amino acid‐initiated neuropathologies.
Living on the edge: productivity gain thresholds in machine translation evaluation metrics

This paper studies the minimum score at which machine translation (MT) evaluation metrics report productivity gains in a machine translation post-editing (MTPE) task. We ran an experiment involving 10 professional in-house translators from our company in which they were asked to carry out a real translation task involving MTPE, translation from scratch and fuzzymatch editing. We then analyzed the results and evaluated the MT output with traditional MT evaluation metrics such as BLEU and TER, as well as the standard used in the translation industry to analyze text similarity in translation memory (TM) matches: the fuzzy score. We report where the threshold between productivity gain and productivity loss lies and contrast it with past experiences in our company. We also compare the productivity of similar segments from MTPE and TM match editing samples in order to gain further insights on their cognitive effort and pricing schemes.
Liposarcoma of the Spermatic Cord Masquerading as an Incarcerated Inguinal Hernia

We present a rare case of liposarcoma of the spermatic cord. There are only 61 reports in the literature. The presenting complaint is usually a painless bulge in the inguinal or scrotal region. Our patient presented with a new-onset inguinoscrotal swelling that was misdiagnosed preoperatively as an incarcerated indirect hernia. The treatment for a spermatic cord liposarcoma is radical orchiectomy with high ligation of the cord. Radiation therapy is recommended in addition to surgery in situations with evidence of tumor with propensity for more aggressive behavior (i.e., high-grade tumor, lymphatic invasion, inadequate margin, or recurrence). The current literature, diagnosis, and management of malignant tumors of the spermatic cord are reviewed.