Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conversion of high-ash microalgae through hydrothermal liquefaction

Natural microalgae (NM, Scenedesmus) cultivated by utilization of exhaust gas from a municipal solid waste combustion power plant were used for the biofuel production through hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). The high-ash NM underwent acid-washing to obtain deashing microalgae (DA). HTL experiments were carried out at different temperatures from 260 °C to 340 °C with NM and DA. Products derived from NM and DA were examined by various techniques in order to identify the influence of the ash on the hydrothermal decomposition behavior. The results show that the ash inhibits the transformation of microalgae. The bio-oil yield including heavy oil and light oil is in the range of 17.59–22.09% for NM and 24.30–31.14% for DA, respectively. Calcium carbonate in the ash promotes deamination, resulting in an increase in the relative content of ketones in the NM-derived light oil. The concentration of NH4+ in the aqueous phase derived from NM is in the range of 1373–1860 mg L−1, and PO43− is undetected due to the precipitation reaction between phosphorus and calcium ions. The HHV values of NM-derived hydrochars are low, ranging from 8.83 MJ kg−1 to 9.88 MJ kg−1, compared with those of DA-derived hydrochars,. For natural microalgae, the deashing pretreatment before HTL is of great significance for improving the biocrude yield and quality, as well as the biomass conversion efficiency, nitrogen utilization and the hydrochar quality.
Optimization on Three-Coil Long-Range and Dimension-Asymmetric Wireless Power Transfer System

With the rapid development and extensive application requirements of wireless power transfer (WPT) technology, the common symmetrical WPT system is growing more mature, but it may still struggle to meet the vast demands. When the WPT system has a long transmission distance and the dimensions of transmitter and receiver coil are asymmetric, the current in the transmitter coil of traditional two-coil symmetrical structure may be excessive. The addition of a relay coil between the transmitter and the receiver coil can effectively reduce the current of transmitter coil, thereby improving system efficiency and reducing electromagnetic field (EMF) leakage. In this article, the parameters of relay coil are optimized by theoretical calculation and multiobjective genetic algorithm. The results show that the optimized three-coil system can reduce the current of transmitter coil by 73.1%, improve the efficiency by 10.7%, and suppress the EMF leakage by 12 dB simultaneously. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed system is verified by experiments.
Assessing Convective Organization in Tropical Radar Observations

The spatial organization of deep moist convection is known to be an important determinant of the impacts of severe weather, while future changes to convective organization have been linked to various radiative feedbacks under climate warming. Yet there is no unanimously agreed upon definition of convective organization and so there is also no obvious way to objectively define it. In this work, we set out to define a metric for convective organization based on the size and proximity of convectively active regions. The metric is developed based upon tropical radar observations and takes two‐dimensional convective objects, which are predefined in a horizontal plane, as input. We call the metric Radar Organization Metric (ROME). In addition to the proximity of different convective objects, which is used in other organization metrics, ROME is also sensitive to object size. As a result, ROME is also defined for the case of only one convective object. Thus, ROME provides a smoothly evolving measure of the degree of convective organization, which compares well to a visual assessment of the convective objects. ROME is found to be sensitive to different regimes of the North Australian monsoon, and its average diurnal cycle is coherent with the daily evolution of tropical rainfall. Through its dependence on area, ROME adds new capabilities that other metrics lack in measuring the degree of convective organization. In particular, ROME permits quantification of the individual contributions of the object size distribution and the spatial clustering of objects to the overall degree of convective organization.
Statements, Recommendations, Proposals, Guidelines, Checklists and Scales Available for Reporting Results in Biomedical Research and Quality of Conduct. A Systematic Review

Research reporting statements, recommendations, proposals, guidelines, checklists and scales can improve quality of reporting results in biomedical research. The aim of this study was to describe statements, recommendations, proposals, guidelines, checklists and scales available for reporting results and quality of conduct in biomedical research. Systematic review. All types statements, recommendations, proposals, guidelines, checklists and scales generated to improve the quality of the biomedical research results report were included. Data sources: EMBASE, HINARI, MEDLINE and Redalyc; in the libraries BIREME-BVS, SciELO and The Cochrane Library; in the meta-searchers Clinical Evidence and TRIP Database; and on the Websites of EQUATOR Network, BMC Medical Education and EUROPE PMC were used. The recovered documents were grouped as study design related to systematic reviews (SR) meta-analysis and meta-reviews, CT and RCTs and quasi-experimental studies, observational studies, diagnostic accuracy studies, clinical practice guidelines; biological material, animal and preclinical studies; qualitative studies; economic evaluation and decision analysis studies; and methodological quality (MQ) scales). The 93 documents were obtained. 19 for SR (QUOROM, MOOSE, AMSTAR, AMSTAR 2, PRISMA, PRISMA-Equity, PRISMA-C, PRISMA-IPD, PRISMA-NMA, PRISMA-RR, PRESS, PRISMA-Search, PRISMA-TCM, PRISMA-ScR, PRISMA-DTA, PRISMA-P, MARQ, GRAPH, ROBIS), 32 for CT and RCTs (CONSORT and it update, STRICTA, RedHot, NPT, CONSORT-PRO, CONSORT-SPI, IMPRINT, TIDieR, CT in orthodontics, "n-de-1", PAFS, KCONSORT, STORK, Protocol health data, SW-CRT, ADs, MAPGRT, PRT, TREND, GNOSIS, ISPOR RCT Report, Newcastle-Ottawa, REFLECT, Ottawa, SPIRIT, SPIRIT-C, SPAC, StaRI, TRIALS, ROBINS-I, ROB 2), 11 for observational studies (STROBE, STREGA, STROBE-nut, INSPIRE, STROME-ID, STROBE-Vet, RECORD, ORION, STNS, MInCir-ODS, GATHER), 10 for diagnostic accuracy studies (STARD and it update, ARDENT, QUADAS, QUADAS-2, QAREL and it update, GRRAS, TRIPOD, APOSTEL), 3 for clinical practice guidelines (AGREE, AGREE II, RIGHT), 10 for biological material, animal and preclinical studies (MIAME, REMARK, SQUIRE, SQUIRE 2.0, REHBaR, ARRIVE, GRIPS, CARE, AQUA, PREPARE), 5 for qualitative studies (COREQ, ENTREQ, GREET and it update, SRQR), and 3 for economic evaluations (NHS-HTA, NICE-STA, CHEERS). There are a great variety of statements, recommendations, proposals, guidelines, checklists with its extensions and scales available. These can be used to improve the quality of the report and the quality of conduct of scientific articles, by authors, reviewers and editors.
Efeitos da poluição sonora em comunidades de aves do Cerrado: o impacto das rodovias

viii INTRODUÇÃO . 1 MATERIAL E MÉTODOS . 3 Área de estudo . 3 Amostragem . 4 Análise dos áudios e identificação das espécies . 5 Análise estatística . 6 RESULTADOS . 7 DISCUSSÃO . 10 REFERÊNCIAS . 16 ANEXO . 21
Complex Disorder in Type-I Clathrates: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of A8GaxSn46−x (A = Rb, Cs; 6.9 < x < 7.5)

Exploratory studies in the systems Rb–Ga–Sn and Cs–Ga–Sn yielded the cubic type-I clathrates with refined compositions Rb8GaxSn46−x and Cs8GaxSn46−x (6.9 < x < 7.5). Nearly single-phase materials with good crystallinity were obtained from stoichiometric reactions of the elements. The structures were characterized by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. Both Rb8GaxSn46−x and Cs8GaxSn46−x represents cases, where a Group 13 element randomly substitutes a Group 14 element in the structure. The extent of Ga/Sn mixing is apparently governed by the drive of the system to achieve an optimal valence electron count, and hence, Rb8GaxSn46−x and Cs8GaxSn46−x (x ≈ 8) can be regarded as Zintl phases. This notion is supported by structure refinements on a multitude of single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, which also confirm that both types of cages in the cubic type-I structure are fully occupied by Rb and Cs atoms. The open-framework, comprised of 46 nodes per formula unit, adapts to the incorporation of nearly eight Ga atoms within the matrix of Sn, whereby small, short-range distortions result. The exact nature of these effects is still unclear, as so far, the structural variations could only be modeled as both positional and occupational disorder at one of three framework sites. Since vacancies in the structures of the binary type-I clathrates A8Sn46−x☐x (A = Rb, Cs; ☐ = missing Sn atom) are also known to cause local distortions, the latter were also synthesized with the same protocols used for the synthesis of A8GaxSn46−x and structurally re-analyzed. The results from the latter studies confirm that homogeneity issues abound, and that the final structures/compositions are an intricate function of the experimental conditions.
Transmission in the Phononic Octagonal Lattice Made of an Amorphous Zr55Cu30Ni5Al10 Alloy

Structures with aperiodic layering are characterized by extremely interesting phononic properties. There is a phononic band gap phenomenon in them, so the waves with given frequency ranges do not propagate in these structures. These properties allow the use of such structures as selective filters or devices for noise control. The study examined transmission of the quasi one-dimensional octagonal structure. The properties of the aperiodic structure were analyzed depending on the network’s generation number and layers thickness. The transmission matrix algorithm was used for the analysis. The tested lattices were made of an amorphous Zr55Cu30Ni5Al10 alloy immersed in water. The influence of water temperature on transmission peaks shifts was also studied.
Machine Learning-Based CYGNSS Soil Moisture Estimates over ISMN sites in CONUS

Soil moisture (SM) derived from satellite-based remote sensing measurements plays a vital role for understanding Earth’s land and near-surface atmosphere interactions. Bistatic Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Reflectometry (GNSS-R) has emerged in recent years as a new domain of microwave remote sensing with great potential for SM retrievals, particularly at high spatio-temporal resolutions. In this work, a machine learning (ML)-based framework is presented for obtaining SM data products over the International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN) sites in the Continental United States (CONUS) by leveraging spaceborne GNSS-R observations provided by NASA’s Cyclone GNSS (CYGNSS) constellation alongside remotely sensed geophysical data products. Three widely-used ML approaches—artificial neural network (ANN), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM)—are compared and analyzed for the SM retrieval through utilizing multiple validation strategies. Specifically, using a 5-fold cross-validation method, overall RMSE values of 0.052, 0.061, and 0.065 cm3/cm3 are achieved for the RF, ANN, and SVM techniques, respectively. In addition, both a site-independent and a year-based validation techniques demonstrate satisfactory accuracy of the proposed ML model, suggesting that this SM approach can be generalized in space and time domains. Moreover, the achieved accuracy can be further improved when the model is trained and tested over individual SM networks as opposed to combining all available SM networks. Additionally, factors including soil type and land cover are analyzed with respect to their impacts on the accuracy of SM retrievals. Overall, the results demonstrated here indicate that the proposed technique can confidently provide SM estimates over lightly-vegetated areas with vegetation water content (VWC) less than 5 kg/m2 and relatively low spatial heterogeneity.
Is the Credit Spread Puzzle a Myth?

Abstract We revisit Feldhutter and Schaefer (FS, 2018), who report evidence of a “credit spread puzzle” for high-yield but not investment-grade bonds. We show their results are reversed when their model is calibrated to market values of debt (as required by theory) rather than book values. We then demonstrate that using credit spreads rather than historical default rates to identify the default boundary provides the statistical power necessary to reject their assumption that firm dynamics follow geometric Brownian motion. A large market price of jump risk is required to match historical default rates, which generates a credit spread puzzle for investment-grade but not high-yield bonds.
Fractional order log barrier interior point method

Interior point methods are based on a trajectory construction in a feasible region, from an initial given point, being widely used for the solution of convex constrained optimization problems such as economic dispatch [3], optimum power flow [5], loss minimization, fitting curves [2] and many others. One of the limitations of Newton’s method for minimizing convex functions is that we cannot deal with inequality constraints, however, the log barrier method is a way to address this issue. [. ]
LoRaWAN Network for Fire Monitoring in Rural Environments

The number of forest fires that occurred in recent years in different parts of the world is causing increased concern in the population, as the consequences of these fires expand beyond the destruction of the ecosystem. However, with the proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) industry, solutions for early fire detection should be developed. The assessment of the fire risk of an area and the communication of this fact to the population could reduce the number of fires originated by accident or due to the carelessness of the users. This paper presents a low-cost network based on Long Range (LoRa) technology to autonomously evaluate the level of fire risk and the presence of a forest fire in rural areas. The system is comprised of several LoRa nodes with sensors to measure the temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and CO2 of the environment. The data from the nodes is stored and processed in a The Things Network (TTN) server that sends the data to a website for the graphic visualization of the collected data. The system is tested in a real environment and, the results show that it is possible to cover a circular area of a radius of 4 km with a single gateway.
The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Rhynchoconger ectenurus (Anguilliformes: Congridae)

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome of Rhynchoconger ectenurus was sequenced by high-throughput sequencing method. The length of this genome is 17,716 bp, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 2 large non-coding regions. ND6 and 8 tRNA genes are encoded by L-strand, and others are encoded by H-strand. Phylogenetic tree based on 13 protein-coding genes shows that the clade of Rhynchoconger ectenurus is closely clustered with that of Conger japonicus, and families Anguillidae and Synaphobranchidae have the closer relationship to Congridae, compared to Muraenidae.
Acceptability and Societal Impact of the Introduction of Bioplastics as Novel Environmentally Friendly Packaging Materials in Ireland

Novel environmentally friendly alternatives for packaging materials such as bioplastics are being developed to mitigate problems with petrochemical plastics but low acceptance of these bioplastics among consumers and others have delayed their adoption. Through a mixed method approach, this work aims to assess the factors contributing to the low adoption rates of bioplastics as a way to inform development of more highly accepted bioplastics. Stakeholders with a variety of links with the packaging/plastic industries were interviewed using a semi-structured interview approach and the results were analysed to discover recurrent themes and perceptions regarding packaging. From this thematic analysis, a survey was conducted to explore consumer opinion. The findings indicate that although the population is aware and interested in changing to environmentally friendly packaging, confusion exists as to what that means and what are the best ways to effect that change. The teenager group was identified as the most susceptible to be involved in the change. Frequently cited barriers to acceptance centred on separation of waste and access to correct waste bins. The characteristics likely to lead to a higher acceptance of novel bioplastics by composters were time of decomposition, small thickness, and possibility of being introduced in current processes of packaging preparation, among others.
Doses and Sources of Nitrogen in Two Forage Cultivars on the Dry Season

Nitrogen fertilization is an essential practice for the increase in biomass of forage, reducing the seasonality of production throughout the year. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the green and dry matter accumulation of more sheaths leaf blades and stems of Brachiaria cultivars in the dry season. The experiment was conducted from May to October 2014, at the State University of Mato Grosso, Brazil, in an area of 1.500 m 2 . The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments were characterized by factorial 2 x 2 x 5, two forage (cv. Marandu and Mulato II), two N sources (urea and ammonium sulphate) and five doses of N (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha -1 ). Nitrogen fertilization affected the productive characteristics of forages, with greater accumulation of biomass at a dose of 200 ha -1 kg N. The nitrogen sources and forage influenced to a greater magnitude green mass production and dry stalks.
CoboSkin: Soft Robot Skin With Variable Stiffness for Safer Human–Robot Collaboration

Conventional industrial robots are unable to guarantee the inherent safety when working together with humans due to the use of rigid components and the lack of force sensation. To enhance the safety of human–robot collaboration (HRC), the new collaborative robot skin (CoboSkin) with the features of softness, variable stiffness, and sensitivity is designed and studied in this article. The CoboSkin is composed of an array of inflatable units and sensing units. The sensing units made of soft porous materials are capable of measuring distributed contact force in a real-time manner. By leveraging the foaming process, the sensing units are interconnected with inflatable units fabricated by the elastomer of which the deformation is limited by the textile wrapped around it. Variation of stiffness is enabled by adjusting the internal air pressure supplied to inflatable units, thereby changing the sensitivity of the sensing units and reducing the peak impact force. Soft porous materials endowed the CoboSkin with increased sensitivity, minimal hysteresis, excellent cycling stability, and response time in the millisecond range, which enabled sensing feedback for controlling a robot arm at different levels of stiffness. Finally, the validation of the CoboSkin for safer HRC was conducted with a robot arm to detect an unintended collision, illustrating its potential application in robotics.
A modified freeze–thaw method for efficient transformation of Agrobacterium tumefaciens

There is a great potential for genetic manipulation of crop and medicinal plants to enhance productivity through increasing pest and microbial disease resistance and environmental stress tolerance, and also for studying gene function and regulation of physiological and developmental processes$^1$. Transgenic plants that transmit the introduced trait to progeny generations are produced using various DNA delivery methods such as particle acceleration$^2$, electroporation$^3$ and polyethylene glycol permeabilization of protoplasts$^4$. However, most commonly used method for obtaining transgenic plants is by the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation$^{5,6}$. Agrobacterium can transfer DNA to a remarkably broad group of organisms – numerous dicot and monocot angiosperm species$^5$, gymnosperms$^6$ and fungi, including yeast$^7$, ascomycetes$^8$ and basidiomycetes$^9$. Recently, Agrobacterium was reported to transfer DNA to human cells$^{10}$.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of a Marine Bacterium Isolated from Sundarbans, Bangladesh

The mangrove ecosystem is a largely unexplored source for bacteria with the potentiality to produce biologically active secondary metabolites. Consequently, we set our research study to isolate, characterize and screen a bacterium producing bioactive compounds from marine soil of Sundarbans, Bangladesh. A total number of 39 marine bacterial colonies were isolated and purified. Representative bioactive isolate, ANAM-5 was characterized using phenotypic and genotypic procedures since it exhibited highest antibacterial activity against a series of test organisms. The 16S rDNA sequence of the strain ANAM-5 showed close similarity with only one bacterium Planctomyces brasiliensis, complete genome (99.64%). But the cultural, morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of the strain and P. brasiliensis were completely different. So, it may not be logical to assign the strain ANAM-5 to the genus Planctomyces. Thus, to confirm the taxonomic position of the strain and to have a correct solution for this taxonomic problem, further studies are needed in respect to the DNA relatedness studies, fatty acid profiling, DNA-DNA hybridization, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF), metabolic finger profiling using BIOLOG, ribotyping, small subunit (SSU) sequences, cell wall composition and other characterizations.
Luminescence and Scintillation Properties of Mg2+-Codoped Lu0.6Gd2.4Al2Ga3O12:Ce Single Crystal

The scintillation properties of Mg2+-codoped Lu0.6Gd2. 4Al2Ga3O12:Ce (LGAGG:Ce,Mg) single crystal grown by Czochralski’s method are investigated. The light yield (LY), scintillation decay time, and coincidence time resolution are presented in comparison with a GAGG:Ce,Mg reference crystal. The LY of 26 200 photons/MeV obtained for LGAGG:Ce,Mg is lower than that of 39 600 photons/MeV for GAGG:Ce,Mg. Despite a lower LY value, the time resolution of LGAGG:Ce,Mg is comparable to that of GAGG:Ce,Mg due to its faster scintillation decay time. LGAGG:Ce,Mg exhibits a much faster afterglow decay and a lower thermally stimulated luminescence intensity with respect to GAGG:Ce,Mg.
Joint extraction of entities and relations based on character graph convolutional network and Multi-Head Self-Attention Mechanism

ABSTRACT The traditional method of extracting entities and relations not only disregards the dependency between the two subtasks of entities and relations but also facilitates the cumulative propagation of errors. To solve these problems, a method – called MSBD – of joint extraction of entities and relations based on the Character Graph Convolutional Network (CGCN) and Multi-Head Self-Attention Mechanism (MS) is proposed. First, a new tagging scheme is used to tag the positions of entities and relations in the text. Second, to depict the hierarchical structure information between the entities and the relations in the text and the internal structure information of the entity, the CGCN is designed to obtain the character vector of the text. MS is introduced into the coding framework of Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) to capture the relative position information between two entities in the text and represent the subspace information. The Dense Connected Convolutional Network (Dense Net) is embedded in the decoding framework to enhance the reuse and transmission of key information and achieve joint extraction of entities and relations in the text. The experimental results show that the P, R and F values are significantly improved for extracting entities and relations.