Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial and Temporal Fading Correlation of Uniform Linear Antenna Array in Three-Dimensional Signal Scattering

In practice, diffraction and scattering from oblique surfaces create waves that travel in three-dimensional (3-D) space and arrive at the receiver with both azimuth and elevation angles. In this paper, 3-D signal scattering is considered. Generalized analytical expressions for the spatial and temporal signal fading correlations are derived, and numerically evaluated, for a uniform linear array (ULA) in terms of the antenna elements spacing and statistical distributions of the angles of arrival (AOAs). The results show that the effect of the elevation angle distribution on the spatial correlation values in case of vertically separated antenna elements is much more significant than that on horizontally separated antenna elements
Children's Locus of Control Beliefs as Predictors of Preoperative Coping Behavior

This study examined the relationship between children's locus of control beliefs (as measured by the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale) and their preoperative coping behavior. Subjects were 51 children between the ages of 8 and 12 who were scheduled for minor elective surgery. They were interviewed and each child's mode of coping was classified along a dimension termed avoidant-active. The relationships between sex, socioeconomic status, other demographic variables, and the type of preoperative information given to the child by the parent and surgeon were also evaluated. Results showed that children rated as active copers had more internal locus of control scores than children rated as avoidant or as using a combination of avoidant-active coping modes. Children rated as active were given more detailed information about their medical problem and surgery than children rated as using avoidant or a combination of avoidant-active coping modes. Internal locus of control was significantly related to higher socioeconomic status but not to sex or other demographic variables. Regression analysis showed that parent-doctor information and locus of control were independently predictive of coping.
“Autonomous and Adaptive Control”: Collaborative swarm control algorism inspired by adaptive mechanism of living organisms

Unmanned and autonomous vehicles (UxV) are one of most attractive and important technologies for many kinds of applications. A lot of researches related to multi UxVs have been made enthusiastically for the last several decades because there is a trend to use those UxVs as a swarm. When the algorisms are implemented in UxVs for real operations, the algorism must adapt to a lot of unexpected environmental changes and events occurred in the real world. In general, it is difficult that an algorism reconciles the adaptability and optimization for a mission. In this context, we have been investigated the adaptive mechanism inspired by living organisms and realized a new control algorism called as “Autonomous and adaptive control”. This proposed algorism reconciles adaptability and ability of optimization for a mission of multi UxVs. In this paper, we apply the algorism to a use case of target tracking. It was confirmed that our algorism achieve most optimal operation in comparison of conventional algorisms with respect to energy consumption of the operation and the defense ability while keeping high detection ability. We also think that our algorism will be used for a lot of other use cases with multi UxVs.
Proteasome inhibition in wild-type yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells.

The lysosome and 26S proteasome represent the two major proteolytic machines in eukaryotic cells (1). While the lysosome deals mainly with nonselective proteolysis, the 26S proteasome handles the majority of regulated proteolysis. The 26S proteasome is a multisubunit protease that degrades the substrate into small peptides in an ATPdependent manner (2,3). The proteasome has three peptidase activities, including (i) chymotrypsin-like, (ii) trypsin-like, and (iii) peptidylglutamylpeptide hydrolase activities (2). To demonstrate that a protein is a substrate of the proteasome in vivo, the stability of the protein is often examined and compared in the presence or absence of proteasome inhibitors (e.g., MG132), short peptide aldehydes that block active sites of the proteasome (4). Use of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system has been instrumental in uncovering mechanistic attributes and the physiologic functions of the proteasome. However, the use of proteasome inhibitors in wild-type S. cerevisiae cells is hampered by the impermeability of the cell wall or membrane (5). Therefore, mutant yeast strains (e.g., erg6Δ, pdr5Δ) with increased drug permeability or reduced drug efflux are required for experiments using proteasome inhibitors (5,6). A caveat to this approach is that mutation in ERG6 or PDR5 may directly or indirectly affect some cellular processes (e.g., increased import of sodium) (7,8) and protein stability. Furthermore, in some cases, the ERG6 or PDR5 genes must be deleted in another mutant background, a technically cumbersome step, to establish the involvement of the 26S proteasome in a particular process (e.g., transcription or telomere maintenance) (9,10). Recently, a method was developed involving brefeldin A, an antifungal agent often used to study protein trafficking from Proteasome inhibition in wild-type yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells
Focus on Determinants of Male Fertility Determinants of sperm quality and fertility in domestic species

Fertilization success cannot be attributed solely to the absolute number of vital, motile, morphologically normal spermatozoa inseminated into the female but more especially to their functional competence. A range of in vitro tests has therefore been developed to monitor crucial aspects of sperm function: their ability to adapt to changing osmotic conditions, to bind to the oviductal epithelium, and to undergo capacitation in an appropriate and timely manner. The tests employ ﬂow cytometry in conjunction with ﬂuorescent techniques, electronic cell counting, and computer-assisted image area analysis. The highly quantitative analysis provided by electronic sizing and ﬂow cytometry enables assessment of representative cell numbers in a very short time with high reproducibility. More importantly, it allows the detection of physiological heterogeneity within an ejaculate in terms of the development of cell subpopulations and enables the kinetic analysis of changes in living cell suspensions. The tests offer a promising strategy for evaluating fertility in domestic animals. The capability for volume regulation ensures that sperm recover from the tonic shocks experienced at ejaculation and during cryopreservation. Assessment of capacitation in vitro provides valuable information on both the sperm’s ability to respond to fertilizing conditions and the sequence and rates of ongoing capacitation/destabilization processes. The monitoring of response to capacitating conditions in kinetic terms allows the sensitive and adequate detection of sperm populations expressing fertilization attributes and their ability to respond to external stimuli in a timely manner. However, subfertility is likely to be associated with a suboptimal response (i.e. too high or too low) rather
Timing behavior analysis for real-time systems

We extend TCTL model-checking problem to timing behavior analysis problem for real-time systems and develop new techniques in solving it. The algorithm we present here accepts timed transition system descriptions and parametric TCTL formulas with timing parameter variables of unknown sizes and can give back general linear equations of timing parameter variables whose solutions make the systems working.
Multimodal Biomedical Image Classification and Retrieval with Multi Response Linear Regression ( MLR )-Based Meta Learning

This paper presents a classification-driven biomedical image retrieval approach by combining multiple visual and text features with a multi-response linear regression (MLR)-based meta-learner. Feature descriptors at different levels of image representation are often in diverse forms and complementary in nature. For modality detection of medical images, the MLR has been proposed as a trainable combiner for fusing class probability outputs of several base-level SVM classifiers on different visual and text features as inputs. The advantage of using MLR here over other generalizers is its interpretability as the weights generated by it indicate the different contributions that each features makes for class prediction. Hence, a query-specific adaptive similarity fusion approach is also proposed for image retrieval. Based on the on-line prediction of the query image modalities, individual feature weights generated by MLR are used in a linear combination of similarity matching function for image retrieval. The classification and retrieval results were evaluated evaluated on a standard ImageCLEFmed’2010 benchmark data set of 77,000 images with associated XML annotations and it showed improved performances.
Bridging perceived destination image and market segmentation – an application to golf tourism

Motivations, perceptions and expectations are crucial in the build-up process of perceived destination image. This research aims at exploring the multidimensionality of golf destination image, and its heterogeneity among market segments. This research relies on a sample of 100 interviews to golfer tourists visiting six of major golf courses in Vilamoura, Algarve. The findings suggest that motivations, expectations and perceptions are inter-correlated. The findings also highlight three market segments of golf players, namely ‘tourist’, ‘social tourist’, and ‘player’. Grounded by expectancy value theory framework, we conclude on the heterogeneity of perceived image among segments. Indeed there is a gap between the real destination image and the image perceived by tourists. We argue for the explanatory capital of intrinsic motivations in understanding the idiosyncratic images. Finally this paper enumerates some implications research, management and planning policies.
EXPERIENCE OF NOISE IN DIGITAL IMAGES

Original scientific paper Noise in the image is always present, the only question is, to what extent it is visible to the human visual system. Some images could have a significantly high level of noise, but the human eye will not perceive that. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of image content on the perception of image noise. We used three images with different contents (highlights, many details, and uniform surfaces with midtones). Samples were simulated by adding six levels of noise in MATLAB software, using the built-in function. Those samples were measured with image quality IQ metrics: SCIELab, SSIM and IQM2. For psychophysical scaling, we used the paired-comparison method (PC-index). The results obtained in this study showed that image content influenced the perception of image noise. The image with many details was the most difficult to estimate. Those paired samples looked the same, even though they had different levels of noise.
The Power of Institutions State and Interest Group Activity in the European Union

This article investigates the ways in which government activity, or demand-side forces, influence interest mobilization and formal inclusion in the policy-making process in the European Union. Drawing on an original dataset of nearly 700 civil society groups active in the European Union, the paper provides empirical evidence of three routes by which the EU institutions influence interest group activity: (1) direct interest group subsidy; (2) manipulation of the establishment and composition of formal arenas of political debate; and (3) broader, system-wide expansion of competencies and selective development of chosen policy areas. 4 4 1 European Union Politics DOI: 10.1177/1465116504047312 Volume 5 (4): 441–466
STED Microscopy with Scanning Fields Below the Diffraction Limit

Since its development, STED microscopy has been used extensively for imaging biological samples. To label structures of interest, fluorescent proteins and organic dyes are used almost exclusively. However, these labels undergo irreversible photobleaching reactions when illuminated, which limits the available signal and ultimately the feasible resolution. This thesis presents a new approach to increase the signal yield in STED microscopy and related techniques. In these methods, the area that contributes to the fluorescence signal is much smaller than the illuminating laser foci. Thus, the irradiation dose per dye molecule can be significantly reduced by confining the image size to below the illuminated area. The probability of a photobleaching event during one image frame is reduced and more signal can be acquired. A STED microscope specialized for small scan areas was built. As only few sample points are imaged, the frame acquisition time is in the order of ten milliseconds. High scan frequencies would lead to oscillations in mechanical beam scanners. Therefore, it was necessary to use electro-optic beam deflectors to guarantee accurate positioning of the laser foci. A software was developed to select the desired scan-area positions from an overview image, which is acquired with a piezo-scanning stage. The viability of this approach was demonstrated on a variety of samples. It was shown on the dye Atto647N that the bleaching rate scales approximately linear with the STED intensity. Thus, the profit gained by reducing the scan area increases with the used STED laser power. In the limit of zero STED power, the photon yield of a fluorophore would be unchanged. Furthermore, the structural details in the focus area would not be resolvable. When increasing the resolution with STED to 20nm, however, the reduction of the scan area to 70x70nm2 yields 100 times more signal as compared to a regular scan size. This makes the developed method especially useful for investigating structures smaller than 200 nanometers. As an example, the nucleoporins NUP98 and NUP93 were imaged at a resolution below 20nm, revealing their arrangement in the nuclear pore.
Hybrid cursor control for precise and fast positioning without clutching

In virtual environments, selection is typically solved by moving a cursor above a virtual item/object and issuing a selection command. In the context of hand-tracking, the cursor movement is controlled by a certain mapping of the hand pose to the virtual cursor position, allowing the cursor to reach any place in the virtual working space. If the virtual working space is bounded, a linear mapping can be used. This is called a proportional control.
Epitope-specific recognition of type II collagen by rheumatoid arthritis antibodies is shared with recognition by antibodies that are arthritogenic in collagen-induced arthritis in the mouse.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the fine specificity of IgG autoantibodies in sera from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients for type II collagen (CII) epitopes that are arthritogenic in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a relevant murine model of RA. METHODS For enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis of conformation-dependent autoantibody binding, recombinant chimeric collagens that harbor the respective CII epitopes as an insertion within the frame of a constant type X collagen triple helix were constructed. In addition, synthetic peptides mimicking the native collagen structures were applied for the first time in the ELISA assessment of humoral CII autoimmunity. RESULTS The pathogenicity of IgG responses to certain CII determinants in CIA was demonstrated by arthritis development in BALB/c mice upon the combined transfer of 2 mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for precisely mapped conformational CII epitopes (amino acid residues 359-369 [C1(III)] and 551-564 [J1]), whereas antibodies to another epitope (F4) were not arthritogenic. To test whether human autoimmune responses are similarly directed to these conserved CII determinants, serum IgG was analyzed. The prevalence of sera with increased IgG binding to the C1(III) epitope was significantly higher in RA compared with sera from healthy donors or from patients with other rheumatic conditions, e.g., osteoarthritis (OA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or relapsing polychondritis (RP), whereas levels of antibodies specific for the nonarthritogenic F4 epitope were associated with OA rather than RA. CONCLUSION Autoimmunity to CII, although detectable in different rheumatic conditions, differs in fine specificity between distinct disease entities. In RA, in contrast to degenerative joint disease, RP, and SLE, autoantibody responses are directed to an evolutionary conserved CII structure that is also targeted by pathogenic autoimmune responses in murine models of arthritis.
Simulation studies on effects of dual polarisation and directivity of antennas on the performance of MANETs

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Arterial and ductus venosus Doppler in fetuses with absent or reverse end‐diastolic flow in the umbilical artery: correlation with short‐term perinatal outcome

Background. High perinatal morbidity and mortality rates have been reported in association with absent or reverse end‐diastolic flow velocities in the umbilical artery. Doppler of fetal venous blood flow might be a helpful instrument for predicting fetal outcome. However, clinical data addressing this issue are rare. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate arterial and ductus venosus blood flow velocities as a predictor of short‐term outcome in fetuses with umbilical absent or reverse end‐diastolic flow velocities .
Processing multiple non-adjacent dependencies: evidence from sequence learning

Processing non-adjacent dependencies is considered to be one of the hallmarks of human language. Assuming that sequence-learning tasks provide a useful way to tap natural-language-processing mechanisms, we cross-modally combined serial reaction time and artificial-grammar learning paradigms to investigate the processing of multiple nested (A1A2A3B3B2B1) and crossed dependencies (A1A2A3B1B2B3), containing either three or two dependencies. Both reaction times and prediction errors highlighted problems with processing the middle dependency in nested structures (A1A2A3B3_B1), reminiscent of the ‘missing-verb effect’ observed in English and French, but not with crossed structures (A1A2A3B1_B3). Prior linguistic experience did not play a major role: native speakers of German and Dutch—which permit nested and crossed dependencies, respectively—showed a similar pattern of results for sequences with three dependencies. As for sequences with two dependencies, reaction times and prediction errors were similar for both nested and crossed dependencies. The results suggest that constraints on the processing of multiple non-adjacent dependencies are determined by the specific ordering of the non-adjacent dependencies (i.e. nested or crossed), as well as the number of non-adjacent dependencies to be resolved (i.e. two or three). Furthermore, these constraints may not be specific to language but instead derive from limitations on structured sequence learning.
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) prevents corticosterone‐induced changes in astrocyte morphology and function

The many functions of astrocytes, such as glutamate recycling and morphological plasticity, enable them to stabilize synapses environment and protect neurons. Little is known about how they adapt to glucocorticoid‐induced stress, and even less about the influence of dietary factors. We previously showed that omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3PUFA), dietary fats which alleviate stress responses, influence the way astroglia regulate glutamatergic synapses. We have explored the role of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the main ω3PUFA, in the astroglial responses to corticosterone, the main stress hormone in rodents to determine whether ω3PUFA help astrocytes resist stress. Cultured rat astrocytes were enriched in DHA or arachidonic acid (AA, the main ω6PUFA) and given 100 nM corticosterone for several days. Corticosterone stimulated astrocyte glutamate recycling by increasing glutamate uptake and glutamine synthetase (GS), and altered the astrocyte cytoskeleton. DHA‐enriched astrocytes no longer responded to the action of corticosterone on glutamate uptake, had decreased GS, and the cytoskeletal effect of corticosterone was delayed, while AA‐enriched cells were unaffected. The DHA‐dependent anti‐corticosterone effect was related to fewer glucocorticoid receptors, while corticosterone increased DHA incorporation into astrocyte membranes. Thus, DHA helps astrocytes resist the influence of corticosterone, so perhaps promoting a sustainable response by the stressed brain.
Glacial cooling in the Tropics: Exploring the roles of tropospheric water vapor, surface wind speed, and boundary layer processes

Abstract This paper is a modeling study of possible roles for tropospheric water vapor, surface wind speed, and boundary layer processes in glacial cooling in the Tropics. The authors divide the Tropics into a region of persistent deep convection and a subtropical region with no deep convection. The regions are coupled via a radiatively driven Hadley cell and a wind-driven meridional overturning cell in the ocean. Radiation and the convective boundary layer (CBL) are treated in some detail. The amount of tropical cooling depends on the height of the tropospheric drying and on the extent to which cloud water in the CBL is converted into rainwater. In the most realistic case where the CBL clouds precipitate, variations in CBL depth are small, and the tropical SST becomes most sensitive to drying immediately above the CBL. Reducing the relative humidity of the entire troposphere above the subcloud layer by about 10%–20% cools the tropical SST by just over 2 K. It is shown that this climate sensitivity arises.
Use of Immobilised Lipase from Candida antarctica in Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) Seed Oil

This study aims at the investigation of the possibilities to use immobilised lipase from Candida antarctica in supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of borage (Borago officinalis L.) seed oil. The first series of experiments was performed to measure the extract yields obtained with pure CO2 and with the added entrainer (ethanol). The yield increased more than twice after increasing the extraction pressure from 15 to 25 MPa. Further increase to 35 MPa was less effective. The effect of the entrainer was not significant in most cases. Palmitic (13.1-16.1 %), oleic (13.4-23.8 %), linoleic (33.8-48.4 %) and linolenic (8.8-16.3 %) acids were dominant in all extracted oils. Further experiments involved the use of enzyme. In this case the first extractor was loaded with ground borage seeds, the second one was filled with the enzyme. The total yield obtained at 15, 25 and 35 MPa was (8.8+/-0.2), (23.6+/-0.2) and (28.9+/-1.1) %, respectively. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) of fatty acid ethyl esters showed that the content of esters was higher in the extract obtained in one extractor system at 15 MPa, compared to 35 MPa. (Less)
On the Higher-Dimensional Generalization of a Problem of Roth

Long ago Roth conjectured that for any k -coloring of the positive integers the equation x + x0 = n, x 6= x0 has a monochromatic solution in (x, x0) for more than cM integers n up to M (where c is an absolute constant independent of k). Later Erdős, Sárközy and T. Sós proved this conjecture with 2 " in place of c. In this paper we will prove a higher-dimensional generalization of this theorem by using a higher-dimensional extension of the well known Hilbert cube-lemma. We will also give bounds for the number of monochromatic solutions in higher dimension.