Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Food web interactions between larval bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and exotic zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha)

Food web interactions between native larval bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), exotic invasive zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha), and zooplankton were examined with a mesocosm experiment. Hatchling larval bluegill col- lected from nests were reared in the presence of size-structured populations of zebra mussels in 1500-L limnocorrals suspended in an artificial pond for 2 weeks. Chlorophyll a, other limnological variables, and zooplankton abundance and biomass (including copepod nauplii and rotifers) were monitored over time. During their first 2 weeks of life, lar- val fish reared in the presence of mussels grew 24% more slowly than fish reared alone. Differential growth rates can be explained by competition between mussels and bluegill for food in the form of microzooplankton. Also likely was an indirect competition via starvation of the zooplankton community as zebra mussels consumed phytoplankton. Either direct or indirect trophic competition between zebra mussels and obligate planktivores may result in ecological harm as zebra mussels spread throughout inland lakes of North America. Resume : Une experience en mesocosme a servi a etudier les relations trophiques entre les larves de crapets arlequins (Lepomis macrochirus) indigenes, les moules zebrees (Dreissena polymorpha) envahissantes et le zooplancton. Des larves neonates de crapets recoltees sur les nids ont ete elevees pendant deux semaines en presence de populations de moules zebrees de structure en taille determinee dans des enceintes de 1500 L suspendues dans un etang artificiel. La chlorophylle a, des variables limnologiques, ainsi que l'abondance et la biomasse du zooplancton (incluant les nauplius de copepodes et les rotiferes) ont ete mesurees au cours de la periode. Durant leurs deux premieres semaines de vie, les larves de poissons elevees en presence des moules ont cru 24 % plus lentement que les poissons eleves seuls. Les differences de taux de croissance peuvent s'expliquer par la competition entre les moules et les crapets pour le micro- zooplancton qui leur sert de nourriture. Il est aussi probable qu'il y ait une competition indirecte par manque de nour- riture pour la communaute zooplanctonique, alors que les moules zebrees consomment du phytoplancton. Tant la competition directe qu'indirecte entre les moules zebrees et les groupes obligatoirement planctonophages peuvent cau- ser des dommages ecologiques a mesure que la repartition des moules zebrees s'etend parmi les lacs de l'interieur du continent nord-americain. (Traduit par la Redaction) 504
Automotive Ignition through a Face Recognition System: AutoTISow Framework Innovation

Interaction with any technological device should be increasingly carried out in the most natural way possible. For example: Gestures, voice or facial recognition. There are technological areas that are currently working in this address: robotic, domotic, A.I., among others. Particularly, we focus on the automotive sector. This article presents a facial recognition system (FaRecSys). It is used in order to turn an automotive fuel injection system on. This system is called SSoftCCom. Although this proposal is not new, given that some cars already behave in this way. FacRecSys is presented as an AutoTISow innovation strategy’ s outcome.
Cadmium toxicity and accumulation in eggs and alevins of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

Embryos and alevins of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were exposed to cadmium concentrations of between 0.47 μg Cd/L and 27 mg Cd/L from fertilization to near complete yolk absorption. The most sensitive indicator of cadmium toxicity was the inhibition of growth in alevins, with significant reduction occurring in 0.47 μg Cd/L. The LC50 for the interval from fertilization to viable hatch was estimated to lie between 300 and 800 μg Cd/L. Newly hatched alevins had a 24-day LC50 of between 1.5 and 2.7 mg Cd/L. Sensitivity increased sharply in late alevins and significant mortality was recorded in concentrations as low as 8.2 μg Cd/L. Cadmium uptake by eggs was rapid, with dose-dependent saturation levels reached within 24 h and maintained until hatch. Although the total cadmium content of eggs increased with ambient concentration, the degree of bioaccumulation declined. The cadmium contents of newly hatched alevins were much lower but directly proportional to those of eggs. Uptake by alevins was logarithmic, i.
Application du modèle I de Preece-Baines (PB1) à l'étude de la croissance staturale chez deux populations biscaïennes

Resume. — Les parametres biologiques derives des modeles structurels, comme le PB1, permettent la comparaison des patrons de croissance differents a partir des donnees transversales et longitudinales. Les valeurs moyennes de la taille chez deux populations biscaiennes, «Gran Bilbao» (echantillon urbain, Ruiz 1989) et «La Costa» (Rosique 1992), ont ete ajustees au PB1. Dans l'echantillon du «Gran Bilbao», la valeur du SEE a ete de 0,335 cm chez les garcons et de 0,221 cm chez les filles, tandis que dans celui de «La Costa», la valeur a ete de 0,969 cm et de 0,404 cm chez les garcons et les filles, respectivement. Le test des RUNS n'a pas ete significatif chez les deux populations. La comparaison des courbes de distance dans les deux echantillons biscaiens indique que la population urbaine presente des tailles plus petites que celles de «La Costa», pour la periode prepubertaire chez les garcons et durant toute la periode de la croissance chez les filles. Malgre tout, la taille adulte est un peu superieure chez les garcons urbains, tandis que chez les filles la taille finale est pratiquement la meme. L'âge au PHV est superieure pour l'echantillon masculin du «Gran Bilbao» que pour celui de «La Costa». En ce qui concerne l'echantillon feminin, ce phenomene est a l'inverse.
Performance Improvement of Three Phase Unbalance Distribution System Using DG and DSTATCOM

This paper presents injection of DG (Distributed Generation) and DSTATCOM (Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator) into the real unbalance distribution network so that voltage profile is improved and line loss and voltage unbalance are reduced. It is very difficult to find the proper location of DG and DSTATCOM injected into the network and it will become more difficult when real unbalanced network is taken. Using random placement of DG and DSTATCOM into the network causes overvoltage and higher line losses which can lead to system failure, so proper planning is necessary to get maximum benefit from it. DG and DSTATCOM are injected into the weak bus and for selecting weak bus Positive Voltage Ratio ( PVR) is determined. The bus at which PVR is minimum is selected as a weak bus. In this proposed method IEEE 13 bus real unbalanced distribution network is taken as a base case and load flow analysis is done by using OPEN-DSS software. After injection of DG and DSTATCOM by proper planning voltage profile is improved and voltage unbalance and line losses are reduced.
ANFIS Based Frequency Control in an Autonomous Microgrid Integrated with PV and Battery Storage

Perpetual drift towards distributed generation has encouraged the concept of microgrids on a wide scale. Over the years, microgrids integrated with renewable energies, power electronics devices, energy storage elements and static or dynamic loads are gaining attention worldwide. However, the control and operation of renewable based microgrids is challenging, owing to their dependence on weather conditions. Further, controlling frequency of microgrids within acceptable range, especially if islanded is a complex process. This paper presents an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system based frequency regulation in an autonomous microgrid. The ANFIS controller aims at performing coordinative charging/discharging of storage battery for real power balance in the system. The system has been tested under several scenarios including changing weather conditions and consumer power consumption usage. The system is designed and tested in MATLAB/Simulation environment. The obtained results verify efficiency of the proposed controller.
The utility of visible implant (VI) tags for marking tropical river fish

In tropical fisheries where ageing fish is often difficult, tagging programmes offer an important means to estimate growth parameters and mortality rates. The majority of tags are large and attached externally via a puncture in the muscle. These characteristics may cause significant biological effects which bias parameter estimates. Visible implant (VI) tags offer a more benign means to individually mark fish. The utility of VI tags for marking five species of tropical river fish was examined. The results indicate that the tag and tagging operation had no influence on either growth or mortality, although tag retention was poor compared with other studies. For three of the five species, the only suitable tagging location was highly inconspicuous and therefore inappropriate for tagging programmes that rely upon fishermen to return tagged fish. Alternative tagging locations may improve retention rates and the visibility of the tag.
Robust Anti-Disturbance Coordinated Control for Multiple Manipulators

In this paper, the anti-disturbance coordinated control is investigated for the multiple mobile manipulators with disturbances. Some disturbances are induced by the random white noise; the others are assumed to be described by an external system. These disturbances are rejected and attenuated based on the disturbance-observer-based-control (DOBC) method and the adaptive control approach. Subsequently, a robust adaptive antidisturbance coordinated control strategy is proposed for the multiple mobile manipulators based on the back-stepping control scheme. In accordance with Lyapunov stability theory and the stochastic control theory foundation, the tracking error systems are guaranteed to be exponentially practically stable in mean square. Finally, an example is used to verify the effectiveness of the presented control method.
Simulation-based Business Process Evaluation in Home Health Care Logistics Management

Home health care (HHC) providers face an increasing demand in care services, while the labor market only offers a limited number of professionals. To cope with this challenge from a HHC provider’s perspective, available resources must be deployed efficiently taking into account individual human needs and desires of employees as well as customers. On the one hand, corresponding strategic management questions arise, e.g., distribution or relocation of establishments or expansion of the vehicle fleet. On the other hand, logistical challenges such as the flexible and robust planning and scheduling of HHC service provision must be addressed by operational HHC management. This paper targets both perspectives by providing an integrated simulationbased framework for the evaluation of different business processes. Methods from Agent-based Simulation, Dynamic Microsimulation, and (Distributed) Artificial Intelligence are combined to investigate HHC service provision and to support practical decision-making. The presented approach aims to facilitate the reasonable development of the HHC provider’s organization to ensure the sustainable delivery of required medical care.
Effect of the levels of Azadirachta indica dried leaf meal as phytogenic feed additive on the growth performance and haemato-biochemical parameters in broiler chicks

A study was conducted to evaluate three different levels of Azadirachta indica dried leaf meal, using diets supplemented with 0 (negative control), 1.25 g antibiotic/kg (positive control), 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 g leaf meal/kg of feed. The chicks were randomly divided into 15 separate floor pens (each 10×15 feet) each comprising 20 chicks and three pens (replicates) per treatment group following completely randomised design. At 28 and 42 d BW and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined. At 42 d, five birds per pen were slaughtered to measure dressing percentage and lymphoid organs weight was also determined. Serum protein, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum cholesterol, tissue cholesterol, growth hormone, thyroxine and haematological indices were also determined. At both 28 and 42 d, birds fed diets supplemented with 2.5 g/kg of leaf meal had significantly greater BW and better FCR than those fed diets with 1.25, 5.0 g/kg of leaf meal and controls. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference between BW and FCR when birds fed diets 1.25, 5.0 g/kg of leaf meal and antibiotic (positive control) at any age. There was no significant (p>0.05) effect on mortality at any time during the study. There was no marked variation in dressing percentage between leaf meal supplementation and antibiotic at 28 d of age. However, birds fed diet with 2.5 g/kg of leaf meal had significantly (p<0.05) highest dressing percentage than birds fed diets of 1.25 or 5.0 g/kg of leaf meal and control groups at 42 d of age. The mean lymphoid organs weight of control birds was significantly lower than the birds fed on diets containing leaf meal and antibiotics. Serum total protein was increased (p<0.05) in birds fed leaf meal up to 2.5 g/kg as compared to controls, antibiotic and higher level of leaf meal. The activities of blood enzymes (SGPT, SGOT and ALP) in groups of all broilers supplemented with leaf meal and antibiotic was lower (p<0.05) than negative control group. Serum and tissue cholesterol significantly decreased (p<0.05) with increasing the levels of leaf meal. Non-significant difference was observed amongst controls (positive and negative) and low level of leaf meal. Birds fed on diets containing antibiotic and leaf meal up to 2.5 g/kg had higher (p<0.05) packed cell volume values, red blood cell counts, white blood cell counts, haemoglobin and erythrocyte indices than birds fed diets without leaf meal (negative control) and third dose of leaf meal. It may be concluded that A. indica leaf meal can be included in the diets of broiler chicks up to 2.5 g/kg without any deleterious effects on their performance, serum biochemical constituents and haematological indices. Moreover, the dietary supplementation of A. indica leaf meal may lead to the development of low-cholesterol chicken meat as demanded by health-conscious consumers.
Stage-specific interactions between dominant consumers within a small stream ecosystem: direct and indirect consequences

Abstract. Stage-specific interactions can have large effects on food webs and ecosystem processes. We investigated stage-specific interactions between signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) and cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii), the 2 dominant consumers coexisting in a small stream ecosystem. We used enclosure experiments to assess effects of young-of-the-year (YOY) or adult crayfish on individual growth of YOY or adult fish and vice versa. Adult crayfish had adverse effects on the individual growth of YOY fish. Adult fish had no significant effect on YOY crayfish. There were reciprocal negative effects of YOY crayfish and YOY trout on each other's growth rates. Adult crayfish had the largest effect on leaf-litter loss rate, whereas fish and YOY crayfish had no significant effect. However, both adult and YOY crayfish reduced benthic invertebrate abundances in leaf packs to <⅓ those of the controls, whereas fish had no significant effects. Neither consumer species had significant effects on the invertebrates in gravel baskets in the central portion of the enclosures. These results show that ontogenetic-stage-specific effects complicate the characterization of foodweb interactions between species. Ontogenetic stage is important in determining magnitude of the interactions between these 2 consumers.
A Machine Learning Approach to Distinguish Faults and Cyberattacks in Smart Buildings

Advancements in smart control and the growing popularity of IoT devices have raised the demand of smart infrastructure. Smart buildings play a significant role in establishing a smart infrastructure. These buildings compose different subsystems that are connected through a complex cyber-physical network to a building management system (BMS). BMS monitors and controls components of a building with the help of various electronic components such as sensors, actuators, and measurement units. These devices are connected to the control center through communication networks. Due to the presence of a communication network, the system is always vulnerable to attacks in which an attacker can manipulate the sensors and measuring units and inject false data into the system. State estimation based techniques are used for fault detection, however, these techniques have limitations that encourage the demand for a more reliable system. The paper proposes a machine-learning algorithm to distinguish between normal state, fault state, and attack. The classification between fault and attack is achieved using the classifier learner tool in MATLAB. Support vector machine algorithm (SVM) is used to classify and through a comparative study, its superiority over other machine learning algorithms is shown. To validate the results various scenarios are considered to classify the different operating conditions.
A systematic evaluation of the incremental protection of broad-scale habitats at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia

Incremental increases to marine conservation areas in response to changing goals, policy, threats or new information are common practice worldwide. Ningaloo Reef, in north-western Australia, is protected by the Ningaloo Marine Park (state waters), which was expanded incrementally in 2004 so that 34% of the park now comprises ‘no-take’ sanctuary zones. To test the hypothesis that all habitats (benthic cover types) at Ningaloo are actually protected at this 34% level, a systematic conservation planning exercise was conducted using existing broad-scale habitat data (as a surrogate for marine biodiversity) and C-Plan decision-support software. Although subtidal and intertidal coral communities were found to be adequately protected, other habitats, particularly those in deeper waters seaward of the reef, did not attain the 34% target. Efficient incremental additions to the sanctuary zones to allow increased representation of these under-represented habitats were explored with C-Plan. It is recommended that systematic conservation planning incorporating new biodiversity and social information (now becoming available) be undertaken for the next iteration of the Ningaloo Marine Park management plan. This analysis at Ningaloo Reef serves as a useful example of a post hoc systematic approach to guide incremental expansion of existing marine protected areas in other parts of the world.
Quantifying spectral peaks in theta and gamma brain oscillations detected from long term Local Field Potential (LFP) recordings in mice

Most of the analysis methods for brain oscillations are performed on short (10–20 s) local field potential (LFP) recordings. However, a statistical approach on long duration recordings should be much more efficient. Therefore, we used LFP recordings lasting several weeks in 12/12 hours of light and dark cycles. We used Igor Pro (wavemetrics) software to process the LFP recordings. Over 12 hours periods, we used a 8 s sliding window in steps of 0.5 or 1 s. We performed spectral, spike, empirical mode decomposition (EMD), and many other analyses in each of the 8 s periods. Statistical analysis of the data allowed us to find out intrinsic characteristics deeply coded in the LFP recordings. We obtained characteristic brain oscillations by FIR (Finite Impulse Filtering) filtering the LFP, 5–12 Hz and 30–120 Hz for theta and gamma ranges, respectively. We calculated the Root Mean Square (RMS) values of each filtered wave in every 8 s sliding window. The histograms of these values showed a bimodal distribution, allowing us to detect an objective threshold between the low and high theta and/or gamma activity and to distinguish the correspondent periods accordingly. It has been previously shown that brain oscillation can be described not only by the spectral powers, but also by the separation of the spectral peaks (we termed this behavior “peakyness”) too. We have devised a novel procedure to evaluate the peakyness of the spectral components. We first implemented three different methods to measure the separation. 1. The “first derivative”, uses the maximum, minimum and RMS of the first derivate of the FFT spectrum in the characteristic interval (e. g., 5–12 Hz for theta). 2. The “second derivative or convexity method” analyses the convexity/concavity of the spectrum. 3. The most powerful, the “peak and area” method calculates the local maximum and its abscissa (frequency) and the area under the peak in the spectrum.
A Critical Review of Procedures and Approaches Used for Assessing Pollution-Induced Community Tolerance (PICT) in Biotic Communities

Pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) is used for the detection of minor effects of toxicants in biotic communities. Organisms survive in toxic environments only if they are tolerant to the chemicals present in their habitat. In the selection phase, toxicants hinder the success of sensitive individuals and species and replace them by more tolerant ones. The resulting increase in community tolerance is quantified in the detection phase by short-term toxicity tests. In this way PICT can establish causal linkages between contaminants and effects. An increase in community tolerance compared to the baseline tolerance at reference sites suggests that the community has been adversely affected by toxicants. PICT has been used in aquatic and terrestrial environments with communities of periphyton, phytoplankton, bacteria, nematodes and insects. A variety of methods have been used for quantification of community tolerance including photosynthesis, sulfolipid synthesis, respiration, thymidine and leucine incorporation, survival, and substrate utilisation patterns. PICT has been observed for copper, zinc, nickel, mercury, cadmium, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid, diuron, tributyl tin, 4,5,6-trichloroguaiacol, irgarol 1051, seanine 211, atrazine, and trinitrotoluene. It is necessary to validate PICT, at least by showing that it is related to the preexposure concentration of the toxicants and that it is coupled to a toxicant-induced succession (TIS) in the community. Care must also be taken to ascertain that PICT interpretation is not confounded by co-tolerance or bioavailability differences. Co-tolerance patterns, which are indicative of the specificity of PICT, have only been investigated for arsenate, diuron and a few metals. For the further improvement of PICT methodology special attention should be given to co-tolerance patterns and development of new integrating short-term tests for quantification of tolerance. It is also important to broaden the scope of organisms and toxicants used. Properly validated, PICT is a powerful tool for detection of community effects and its use in monitoring and site-specific risk assessment should be encouraged.
Molecular Evidence from a Parasitoid Wasp, Schlettererius cinctipes (Hymenoptera: Stephanidae), for a North American West-to-East Transcontinental Conduit for Wood-Boring Insects

ABSTRACT Until recently, Schlettererius cinctipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Stephanidae) has been restricted to western North America. Since 1996, three specimens of S. cinctipes have been found in the eastern United States (Kentucky and Virginia). To determine whether these specimens represent recent introductions from the west, cytochrome c oxidase I mitochondrial DNA and one region of 28s rDNA were examined, and pairwise distances were compared. Our results indicate the three specimens represent separate introductions from the west. Because S. cinctipes is a parasitoid of wood-boring insects, these conclusions indicate the ease and frequency with which wood-boring insects are transported across the United States.