Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Uneven Spread of Private Food Quality Standards over Time and Space

In response to discerning consumers worldwide, retailers increasingly demand compliance of stringent standards with requirements for food quality and safety, for environmental sustainability and for labour standards. The GlobalG.A. P. standard, being the most prominent global private agri-food pre-farm gate process standard (Henson et al., 2011), increased by almost six folds between the mid-1990s and 2011. )). As a result, many agricultural producers across the world are embracing GlobalGAP as an entry ticket to high-value (mostly) European and increasingly also US markets. However, over the last two decades, also in developing countries, the retailsector has undergone a tremendous transformation from traditional retail systems to modern grocery stores. Market power structures of retailers versus farmers make compliance by farmers in developed and developing countries de-facto mandatory to access high-value markets. However, the global spread of important certification schemes is highly unequal. While some regions perform well in adjusting to the sector’s transformation, other world regions lag behind and show low certification rates of farmers. These unequal patterns of the global diffusion of food quality standards remain poorly understood, as neither the underlying macroeconomic determinants of standard adoption nor the dynamics over time have been thoroughly investigated. The study seeks to fill this research gap and find the country-level factors that explain this uneven spread, conceptually grounding on the theoretic field of organizational innovations. Findings show that a low presence of modern retail chains in developing countries and more rural structures are those factors that act as entry barriers at the country-level. International development flows to agriculture can help to overcome ∗Corresponding author: insa.flachsbarth@agr.uni-goettingen.de This research was financially supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) through the GlobalFood Program (grant number RTG 1666). We thank the GlobalGAP Head Office, Cologne for providing us data on certification.
Regional Variability of Surface Ocean Radiocarbon from Southern Great Barrier Reef Corals

High-precision ∆14C and stable isotope (∆18O and ∆13C) records are reported for post-bomb corals from three sites off the eastern Australian coast. We observe that ∆14C values increased from ca. −50′ in the early 1950s to +130‰ by 1974, then decreased to 110‰ by 1991. There is general agreement between the coral results and ∆14C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in seawater measured previously for locations in the South Pacific. ∆14C values at our southern hemisphere sites increased at a slower rate than those observed previously in the northern hemisphere. Small variations in the ∆14C records among our three sites are likely due to differences in circulation between the shallow coastal waters and the open ocean influenced by seasonal upwelling. Low ∆14C is associated with most El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events after 1970, indicating input of low 14C waters from the southern-shifted South Equatorial Current. The exception is the severe ENSO event of 1982–1983 when upwelling in the South Equatorial Current could have ceased, causing normal ∆14C values in the corals during this time.
Uncovering And Exploring The Mobilization And Launch Phase Of High And Low Performing Project Teams

As part of a larger study, this analysis, first, uncovers a previously alluded to, but heretofore un-explicated, phase of project team development (PTD) -dubbed mobilization and launch -and, then, explores the ways in which activities and outputs of this phase relate to project team effectiveness (PTE) by comparing them across three high and three low performing teams. The analysis shows that the former used this formative period: (1) to actuate a comprehensive mobilization strategy that was carried out relatively rapidly and resulted in well informed, as well as fully and competently staffed, teams and (2) to hold highly participatory launch meetings from which team members emerged in general agreement about what needed to be done and how and by whom it would be done. Low performing teams, in contrast, basically squandered this potentially valuable time and, thus, emerged from this phase totally unprepared to move to and effectively through subsequent phases of PTD.
Environmental Protection and Value Creation

The managers of corporations can play a significant role to protect the natural environment. This study aims to examine the environmental disclosure of 200 Shariah compliant companies for 2013 and the subsequent effect of such disclosure for the organizations. The results of content analyses of the annual reports revealed that managers from the Plantation industry disclosed more environmental information. The regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between environmental information provided and the subsequent value created for the organizations. The findings of the study can help managers to position better their environmental strategy to enhance the overall value of their organizations. © 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. Keywords : Environment; Shariah compliance companies; sustainability; corporate social responsibility
Interactive comment on “Comparison of HONO budgets for two measurement heights at a field

"R. Oswald et al., 2014 has reported a background HONO measurement at both 1 m above ground surface and 2m above forest canopy. HONO budget features low contribution of other processes except for photolysis of HONO and unknown sources in background HONO chemistry. The gradient and diurnal profile of HONO may infer something we don’t know yet. Overall, the introduction is in detail and accurate. The dataset is valuable and the analysis is reasonable. Thus I recommend publication in
THE HIGH-ION CONTENT AND KINEMATICS OF LOW-REDSHIFT LYMAN LIMIT SYSTEMS

We study the high-ion content and kinematics of the circumgalactic medium around low-redshift galaxies using a sample of 23 Lyman limit systems (LLSs) at 0.08 < z < 0.93 observed with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope. In Lehner et al., we recently showed that low-z LLSs have a bimodal metallicity distribution. Here we extend that analysis to search for differences between the high-ion and kinematic properties of the metal-poor and metal-rich branches. We find that metal-rich LLSs tend to show higher O vi columns and broader O vi profiles than metal-poor LLSs. The total H i line width (Δv90 statistic) in LLSs is not correlated with metallicity, indicating that the H i kinematics alone cannot be used to distinguish inflow from outflow and gas recycling. Among the 17 LLSs with O vi detections, all but two show evidence of kinematic sub-structure, in the form of O vi–H i centroid offsets, multiple components, or both. Using various scenarios for how the metallicities in the high-ion and low-ion phases of each LLS compare, we constrain the ionized hydrogen column in the O vi phase to lie in the range log N(H ii) ∼ 17.6–20. The O vi phase of LLSs is a substantial baryon reservoir, with M(high-ion) ∼ 108.5–10.9 (r/150 kpc)2 M☉, similar to the mass in the low-ion phase. Accounting for the O vi phase approximately doubles the contribution of low-z LLSs to the cosmic baryon budget.
Selebtwits: Micro-Celebrity Practitioners in Indonesian Twittersphere

Drawn from the notion that Twitter is a suitable context for micro-celebrity practices (Marwick, 2010) this research examines interactions between Indonesian Twitter-celebrities called selebtwits and their followers. The results suggest that several strategies include: stimulated conversation, audience recognition, and various level of self-disclosure that have been conducted by the selebtwits to maintain the relationship with their followers. This research also found that from the follower viewpoint, interaction with selebtwits is often perceived as an “endorsement” and “achievement”. However, there are others who are not particularly fond of the idea of the selebtwits-follower’s engagement. Some selebtwits-followers’ interactions lead to “digital intimacy”, while others resemble parasocial interaction and one-way communication. Furthermore, this study suggests that in the broader context, selebtwits are perceived in both positive and negative ways.
Attention-based Hierarchical LSTM Model for Document Sentiment Classification

Document sentiment classification is a fundamental task in data mining, contains extensive underlying commercial value. With the development of deep learning, we can extract features in an automatic way, instead of design it by oneself. Which can help us use semantic information to classify the document in a better way. Base that, in this paper, we present a hierarchical network structure according to the structure in real document. Based on LSTM to encode semantic information; then combine with attention mechanism to improve the accuracy of classification. And last, conduct experiment on two dataset, analyse the accuracy result of different model, and study some tricks in parameter selection.
Binding of bivalent cations to α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin: effect of pH and ionic strength

Both proteins are able to bind seve rai cations at pH 6.6 when ionie strength is low. The affinity of o-lactalbumin for the first bound atom is high, then decreases for the following ions. In these physico-chemical conditions of the aqueous phase (pH 6.6 fL < 0.01), the maximal number of bound cations depends on the mineraI. The binding ability of œ-lactalbumin is 3.0 ions of Mn2+, 3.5 of Mg2+, 4.5 of Ca2+ and Zn2+, 6.0 of Fe2+, 10.6 of Cu2+ and more than 2.0 ions of Mn2+, 2.5 of Zn2+, 3.2 of Mg2+ and 3.5 of Ca2+, Fe2+, Cu2+ for 13-lactoglobulin. The affinity of o-lactalbumin is high for Ca2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Cu2+ and reduced for Mg2+ and Fe+. For Jj-Iactoglobulin the affinity is high for Zn2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, and lower for Ca2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+.
Perception of health and accessibility: an approach to support projects for urban public spaces

Urban public spaces are conceived within certain technical standards, which would meet people's needs. According to users' perception that does not match all the time with the given arrangement, that may lead to rejection or misuse. In this article, the approach to analysis of projects for urban public spaces associates the perception of its users' health with accessibility that these spaces can offer. This becomes a support for efficacy analysis of projects as part of a social inclusion policy. The approach associates an international functionality, incapacity and health classification to a multi-criteria analysis of these factors through interviews with involved population, using Likert scale, where aspects considered as accessibility barriers or facilitators of these spaces are evaluated. The results of the case studied in Belem-Brazil showed, for example, that the understanding that people build on the circulation environment regarding barriers or facilitators is not always determined by difficulties related to their performance in actions and that an inadequate project may be a limiting factor to accessibility, even for people without a diagnosed disability.
High-speed VCSELs and VCSEL arrays for single- and multi-core fiber interconnects

Our recent work on high speed 850 nm VCSELs and VCSEL arrays is reviewed. With a modulation bandwidth approaching 30 GHz, our VCSELs have enabled transmitters and links operating at data rates in excess of 70 Gbps (at IBM) and transmission over onboard polymer waveguides at 40 Gbps (at University of Cambridge). VCSELs with an integrated mode filter for single mode emission have enabled transmission at 25 Gbps over >1 km of multimode fiber and a speed-distance product of 40 Gbps·km. Dense VCSEL arrays for multicore fiber interconnects have demonstrated 240 Gbps aggregate capacity with excellent uniformity and low crosstalk between the 40 Gbps channels.
Fisher Effect in Pakistan

This paper attempts to test the validity of the Fisher Hypothesis (FH) in Pakistan by investigating the long-run relationship between interest rate and inflation rate applying cointegration analysis. The FH has serious implications for debtors and creditors in an inflation prone economy since inflationary expectations influence nominal interest rate. Moreover, the effectiveness of monetary policy and efficiency in banking sector has direct bearing on the long-run relationship between nominal interest rate and expected inflation rate. Inflationary expectation has been modeled using adaptive and rational expectation approaches and sensitivity of the result to expectation formation has been compared. The paper finds the long-run relationship between nominal interest rate and inflation rate and accepts the partial Fisher Hypothesis. This result suggests that interest rate does not fully cover or accurately anticipate inflation, which implies that bank deposits deteriorate over time. The result further implies that monetary policy may not be effective in such a situation and households’ savings rate may suffer a decline. The acceptance of partial Fisher Hypothesis in case of rational expectation suggests that the rate of interest does not reflect all relevant information and real interest rate does not exhibit random walk behaviour, which is indicative of inefficiency in banking sector. The analysis clearly shows the failure of interest rate as a hedge against inflation and as a predictor of inflation. Therefore, the paper recommends innovation and financial engineering for better alternative especially in banking. The paper also recommends the growth and encouragement of equity market vis-a-vis prevalent debt-biased market. Finally, the paper advocates the complete replacement of traditional credit-based banking by more efficient trade-based banking in Pakistan.
Competitiveness In Higher Education In Terms Of The Level Of Students' Satisfaction With E-Learning In Blended Environment

The intellectual competitiveness is a motto of the new information era. Higher education within contemporary conditions appearances as the leading area for the provision of competitive capabilities and competitive advantages of the company since it directly affects the creation of intellectual and organizational capital, including greater competence of personnel, i.e. greater number of employees with intellectual vacations. The paper explains the growing role of e-learning in the provision of competitive properties of higher education at the example of the International University of Travnik. It is started from the hypothesis that e-learning, as an alternative form of learning in higher education, expands the array of educational choices by strengthening the competitive position of the observed University. Also, the competitive position of the analyzed University becomes stronger with increasing degree of students' satisfaction with e-learning component in blended environment which is a
Evaluation of the Hypoglycemic Effects of the Herbal Medicine Rehmanniae Radix Using a Hyperglycemic Silkworm Model

We developed a new method for evaluating the hypoglycemic effects of Rehmanniae Radix (RehR), an herbal medicine, by monitoring the decrease in the sugar level of hyperglycemic silkworms. Preparation of a test sample obtained from 5 g of RehR, and quantification of the hypoglycemic effects of the sample using the hyperglycemic silkworm model was completed within 2 days. We further applied the newly established protocol to RehR extracts, and found that three of six samples showed hypoglycemic activity against hyperglycemic silkworms, whereas the other three samples did not. These results suggest that the hyperglycemic silkworm model is a useful alternative animal model to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of RehR.
The Effects of Various Essential Oils of Medical Plant Seeds and Spices on Digestion Characteristics and Population Changes of Ruminal Anaerobic Fungi in in vitro Condition

The effect of essential oils (EO) of medical plant seeds and spices on rumen microbial fermentation of alfalfa hay, sugar beet pulp and barley grain (as substrate) were evaluated under in vitro conditions. In vitro incubations were carried out using the gas production method with glass syringes. Treatments were as follows; a control (no additive), monensin, EO of cinnamon, black pepper seed, cumin seed, fennel seed and garlic oil (200 and 400 µL/g DM). Monensin was used as a positive control in the medium at 5 µmol. Data on gas production were fitted using an exponential equation. Results showed that compared to control treatments, monensin had a significant increase on gas production (P<0.05), and cumin seed EO decreased gas production of the feed samples (200 and 400 µL). The effects of treatments on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics were tested using an in vitro culture inoculated by mixed rumen microbes. The test treatments were as follows; control (no additive), EO of cinnamon, black pepper seed, cumin seed and fennel seed. Evaluations were made for medium pH, ammonia nitrogen concentration and dry matter disappearance after a 48 h incubation period. To evaluate the effect of EO on in vitro ruminal fungi populations, a sample was taken from the medium after a 120 h incubation period and fungal population was determination by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Compared to the control treatment, cumin and cinnamon additions resulted in a significant decrease (P<0.05) on disappearance of dry matter in the feed samples. In the present study, additions of all tested EO to alfalfa hay treatment showed a significant increase in the final pH of the culture (P<0.05). However, cinnamon addition resulted in a significant decrease in medium ammonia nitrogen concentration for each of the feed samples (P<0.05). Results of the present study also demonstrate that addition all of the tested EO to alfalfa hay had a significantly decrease on in vitro ruminal fungal population (P<0.05).
MARINE STRATEGY FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE Task Group 6 Report Seafloor integrity A PRIL 2010

The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2008/56/EC) (MSFD) requires that the European Commission (by 15 July 2010) should lay down criteria and methodological standards to allow consistency in approach in evaluating the extent to which Good Environmental Status (GES) is being achieved. ICES and JRC were contracted to provide scientific support for the Commission in meeting this obligation. A total of 10 reports have been prepared relating to the descriptors of GES listed in Annex I of the Directive. Eight reports have been prepared by groups of independent experts coordinated by JRC and ICES in response to this contract. In addition, reports for two descriptors (Contaminants in fish and other seafood and Marine Litter) were written by expert groups coordinated by DG SANCO and IFREMER respectively. A Task Group was established for each of the qualitative Descriptors. Each Task Group consisted of selected experts providing experience related to the four marine regions (the Baltic Sea, the North-east Atlantic, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea) and an appropriate scope of relevant scientific expertise. Observers from the Regional Seas Conventions were also invited to each Task Group to help ensure the inclusion of relevant work by those Conventions. This is the report of Task Group 6 Seafloor Integrity. How to obtain EU publications Our priced publications are available from EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu), where you can place an order with the sales agent of your choice. The Publications Office has a worldwide network of sales agents. You can obtain their contact details by sending a fax to (352) 29 29-42758. The mission of the JRC is to provide customer-driven scientific and technical support for the conception, development, implementation and monitoring of EU policies. As a service of the European Commission, the JRC functions as a reference centre of science and technology for the Union. Close to the policy-making process, it serves the common interest of the Member States, while being independent of special interests, whether private or national. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Conseil International pour l’Exploration de la Mer The Mission of ICES is to advance the scientific capacity to give advice on human activities affecting, and affected by, marine ecosystems. L B -N A -2 4 3 3 4 -E N -N
Explorer Planning for Desktop Services

A user’s interaction with a computer operating system is most commonly reflected in the use of “desktop” application programs. In this paper we investigate the prospect of building plans that link together the services provided by such applications using an inter-process communication language called DCOP (Desktop COmmunication Protocol). Such services can be used to manipulate or query desktop applications, often in a manner similar to the standard user interfaces of those applications, while offering the possibility of a practical interface that a planning agent can utilize in a real software setting. Using the knowledge-level conditional planner PKS, we show how we can construct plans for controlling a set of existing desktop applications in the open source K Desktop Environment (KDE), and illustrate our approach with a series of fully executable examples that include application control and information gathering, under conditions of incomplete information and sensing.
A study of eight newly reported species of Chlorophyte and Eustigmatophyte, Korea

In this study, aquatic and aerial algae were collected in various environments in Hongcheon-river of Gangwan-do between December 2011 and June 2012, with the aim of adding newly described genera and species to the Korean flora. As a result, five genera and eight species were recorded for the first time in Korea. These newly recorded genera and spe cies were Cylindrocapsa geminella, Leptosira mediciana, Pseudendoclonium basiliense var. brandii, Stichococcus minor, S. deasonii, Eustigmatos polyphem, Nephrodiella lunaris, and Xanthonema exile. The eight taxa identified in this study mostly corresponded to their reported morphological characteristics. However, some differences from previous published descriptions were found; N. lunaria, reported to be an aquatic species in a previous study, was found to be an aerial algae inhabiting on rocks and mosses. Cylindrocapsa geminella was found to transform into attached or planktonic algae depending on the environmental condition, and the cell wall was found to be changed. Likewise, E. polyphem was seen to change cell-shape or chloroplast color according to the environment.
Feasibility T esting of T ime-lapse S eismic M onitoring with F ull W aveform T omography

Full waveform tomography reveals subtle sub-wavelength perturbations in the velocity model, given a sufficiently accurate starting model. Time-lapse seismic surveys over reservoirs are typically intended to detect small changes in a relatively well-known overall velocity field due to localized effects such as CO2 injection, steam injection, petroleum production, and more. Full waveform tomography is ideally suited to detect and reveal the extent of these effects, both spatially and in terms of the magnitude of the effect on the velocity. Our early investigations strongly suggest that waveform tomography deserves serious consideration as a primary analysis tool for time-lapse seismic analysis.