Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of DDoS attacks Detection in a New Intrusion Dataset Based on Classification Algorithms

Intrusion detection system is an imperative role in increasing security and decreasing the harm of the computer security system and information system when using of network. It observes different events in a network or system to decide occurring an intrusion or not and it is used to make strategic decision, security purposes and analyzing directions. This paper describes host based intrusion detection system architecture for DDoS attack, which intelligently detects the intrusion periodically and dynamically by evaluating the intruder group respective to the present node with its neighbors. We analyze a dependable dataset named CICIDS 2017 that contains benign and DDoS attack network flows, which meets certifiable criteria and is openly accessible. It evaluates the performance of a complete arrangement of machine learning algorithms and network traffic features to indicate the best features for detecting the assured attack classes. Our goal is storing the address of destination IP that is utilized to detect an intruder by method of misuse detection.
Language specific bootstraps for UG categories

This paper argues that the universal categories N/V are not applied to content words before the grammatical markings for reference D(eterminers) and predication I(nflection) have been acquired (van Kampen, 1997, contra Pinker, 1984). Child grammar starts as proto-grammar with language-specific operators and category-neutral content words Xo. The first content words are used as proper names with topic-intention and as brand names with characterizing-intention. The language-specificity of early operators may be illustrated by the use of wh-pronouns (what/where? ) in English versus the use of illocution particles (nou/denn? ) in Dutch/German child language. Subsequently, deictic operators for topic are regularized as Do and deictic operators for comment as Io. These functional categories are the bootstraps for category assignment <+V> and <+N>, as a subdivision of the lexicon. The generalized conclusion is that language-specific systems are not acquired due to a common UG entrance. They rather are highly frequent language-specific bootstraps that coax the child into an adult system that eventually fits UG principles. The operators in proto-grammar are situation-related, whereas the functional categories Io/D o are highly sensitive to syntactic context. This explains why, in a bilingual situation, a language switch in the context-free operators will be relatively easy. A language switch in functional categories, by contrast, will have a reflex on the syntactic context and be less easy.
Photosynthetic action, absorption, and quantum yield spectra for a natural population of Oscillatoria in the North Atlantic

Measurements of the photosynthetic action and absorption spectra were made of marine Oscillatoria (Trichodesmium) from a summer surface bloo:m in the North Atlantic. The absorption spectrum was typical of those of other phytoplankton but with small peaks at 627 and 567 nm and a large peak at 493, consistent with the presence of phycocyanin, phycoerythrobilin, and phycourobilin respectively. The photosynthetic action spectrum was determined by measurement of the initial slope of the photosynthesis-irradiance curve every 25 nm from 400 to 675 nm (25-nm bandpass); it was dominated by the phycourobilin waveband. Calculations of quantum yield indicated that it was constant from 475 to 650 nm and was near maximal theoretical values. In wavebands corresponding to chlorophyll absorption (400-450 and 675 nm), quantum yield dropped off sharply. Photosynthesis-irradiance curves determined on both whole colonies and individual trichomes in “white” light indicated that both the initial slope and the degree of photoinhibition at high light were enhanced when the colonies were disrupted- the former by a factor of ten, although the maximum rate of photosynthesis was unchanged. These optical and photosynthetic characteristics of marine OscilZatoria are consistent with adaptation to the high light environment where they typically bloom.
The Sensitivity and Specificity of Saliva Biomarker MMP-9 for Detection Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)

Within the past 10 years, the application of saliva as a diagnostic tool has gained considerable attention and well-accepted method. As a diagnostic fluid, saliva offers superiority over serum due to both noninvasive collection methods and a cost-effective approach for screening of large populations. In addition, collection of saliva offers a reduced risk of infection compared to the serum sampling (1). Early detection of disease plays a significant role in successful treatment. In most cases of various diseases, early diagnosis leads to a greater survival rate with a reduced chance of the disease recurrence. Successful monitoring of a disease, especially in its early stage, may also reduce any severe impacts on a patient’s health or help to prevent and/or delay succeeding complications. Following disease progression, and monitor post-treatment therapeutic effect through a noninvasive method is one of the primary objectives in the field of healthcare research. Saliva, a multi-constituent oral fluid that can be collected through noninvasive methods, has considerable potential Abstract
Resolve

Rating: Explicit Archive Warning: Graphic Depictions Of Violence Category: F/F, F/M Fandom: Mass Effect Relationship: Female Shepard/Liara T'Soni, EDI/Jeff "Joker" Moreau, Jack | Subject Zero/Miranda Lawson, James Vega/Ashley Williams, Garrus Vakarian/Tali'Zorah nar Rayya Character: Female Shepard (Mass Effect) Series: Part 1 of Re-Collection Stats: Published: 2015-12-04 Completed: 2016-12-03 Chapters: 36/36 Words: 145013
Rapid Production of Lilium auratum Bulbs from Zygotic Embryos

An in vitro culture system for Lilium auratum Lindl. zygotic embryos was established to accelerate the development of bulblets. High rates of germination were observed on 50 days after pollination (DAP) or later, while the rate of normal growth increased after 70 DAP. Peeling of the seed coats was necessary for rapid in vitro germination, indicating inhibition by the seed coats. We found that embryos obtained from 90 DAP capsules were the best materials for suppressing dormancy. Further development of bulblets was accelerated by culturing them in the presence of 9 % sucrose. In this culture system, the period for development of mature bulblets was reduced from a couple of years to one year after pollination.
Towards Legible Robot Navigation - How to Increase the Intend Expressiveness of Robot Navigation Behavior

The work at hand addresses the question: How can we achieve legible robot navigation? To this end, we investigate current state-of-the-art assumptions and methods regarding legible robot navigation in order to propose key factors for the development of a legible robot navigation. We reviewed 18 articles regarding legible robot behavior and present the conclusions from our own research. We found three important factors for legible robot navigation: straight lines, stereo-typical motions and the use of additional gestures.
Does Neuroectodermal Stem Cells Transplantation Restore Neural Regeneration and Locomotor Functions in Compressed Spinal Cord Injury Rat Model?

The aim of this study was to determine the possible regenerative effect of neuroectodermal stem cells on the ultrastructural, and locomotor function resulting from compressed injury to the spinal cord in a rat model. Forty male rats were divided into co ntrol and sham groups (20 rats each). Compressed spinal cord injured (CSCI) were forty rats which subdivided equally into: untreated, treated by neuro ctodermal stem cells (NESCs). After four weeks, all rats in different groups were scarified, samples were taken from central, cranial, an d caudal to the site of spinal cord injury. Specimens were prepared for light and electron microscopic examination. The number of remyelinated axons in central, cranial and caudal regions to the injured spinal cord after transplantation of NESCs was counted. The open field test assessed th e locomotor function. Results revealed that compressed spinal cord injury resulted in loss and degeneration of numerous nerve fibers, myelin splitting and degeneration of mitochondria. Four weeks after transplantation of NESCs regenerated axons were noticed in cranial and central sit es, while degenerate axons were noticed caudal to the lesion. Number of remyelinated axons was significantly increased in both central and cra ial to the site of spinal cord injury in comparison with caudal region which had the least number of remyelinated axons. Transplantation of NESCs improved significantly the locomotor functional activity In conclusion, neuroectodermal stem cells transplantation ameliorated t he his opathological and ultrastructural changes, and improved the functional locomotor activity in CSCI rat.
Plastic sex-roles in the common goby – the effect of nest availability

One of the most important factors shaping animal sex-roles is the operational sex ratio, since a skew of this ratio promotes mating competition in the more abundant sex. In this study, we wanted to see if a change in sex-roles, related to an environmental induced change in operational sex ratio, could be demonstrated in a field situation. Common goby (Pomatoschistus microps) males build nests under bivalve shells and provide exclusive parental care. Therefore, available nest sites are crucial for successful breeding in this species and should also affect the operational sex ratio. We addressed the question of whether the availability of nest sites, through an effect on the operational sex ratio, affects courtship and mating competition in the common goby. We increased nest site availability in the field by adding potential nest material (bivalve shells) to one location. We then compared the reproductive behaviour of the gobies at this and another location with lower nest site abundance. In general, the reproductive behaviour differed as predicted. Under nest shortage, males occupied new nests and received eggs faster than under nest excess. Behavioural observations of nests revealed that males initiated courtship more often than females where nest sites were abundant, whereas female courtship dominated where nests were scarce. Males more often rejected females attempting to enter their nests under nest shortage, male sneaking attempts were also more common in this bay. Male-male aggression was frequent at both locations, whereas agonistic interactions between females only occurred in the nest shortage bay. Thus, males should be subject to sexual selection in both bays even though courtship roles differed. These results suggest that nest site availability affects mating competition and courtship roles in the common goby.
Phylogeny and systematics of the bee genus Osmia (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) with emphasis on North American Melanosmia: subgenera, synonymies and nesting biology revisited

The predominantly Holarctic bee genus Osmia Panzer is species‐rich and behaviourally diverse. A robust phylogeny of this genus is important for understanding the evolution of the immense variety of morphological and behavioural traits exhibited by this group. We infer a phylogeny of Osmia using DNA sequence data obtained from three nuclear genes (elongation factor 1‐α, LW‐rhodopsin and CAD) and the mitochondrial gene COI. Our taxon sampling places special attention on North American members of the subgenus Melanosmia Schmiedeknecht; we discuss the novel placement of a number of species traditionally assigned to O. (Melanosmia) and examine the relative support for alternative classifications of this species‐rich subgenus. We use this new phylogeny to guide a reassessment of morphological and behavioural characters within Osmia. Our results provide support for the recognition of Osmia (Hapsidosmia), subgen.n. , a monotypic subgenus containing Osmia iridis Cockerell & Titus. We synonymize Osmia (Mystacosmia) Snelling under O. (Melanosmia), syn.n. We synonymize Osmia (Acanthosmioides) Ashmead under O. (Melanosmia), syn.n. , propose ‘odontogaster species group’ as a replacement for the subgeneric name Acanthosmioides, and refine the morphological characters that serve to diagnose the species group. We additionally propose ‘nigrifrons species group’ for a clade within O. (Melanosmia) containing most species formerly placed in Osmia (Centrosmia) Robertson. We demonstrate more cohesive patterns of nest substrate use in the nigrifrons and odontogaster species groups than was previously believed to occur, reconsider character polarity of aspects of the female mandible, and show that a large number of morphological characters have evolved convergently within the genus. In order to facilitate discussion of relevant taxa, we propose the following 15 new synonymies: O. bakeri Sandhouse under O. melanopleura Cockerell; O. crenulaticornis Michener under O. pinorum Cockerell; O. claremontensis Michener under O. sedula Sandhouse; O. cockerelli Sandhouse under O. dakotensis Michener; O. francisconis White under O. enixa Sandhouse; O. hurdi White under O. austromaritima Michener; O. sladeni Sandhouse under O. nifoata Cockerell; O. titusi Cockerell under O. phenax Cockerell; O. subtrevoris Cockerell, O. physariae Cockerell, and O. erecta Michener under O. giliarum Cockerell; and O. universitatis Cockerell, O. integrella Cockerell, O. amala Cockerell, and O. metitia Cockerell under O. nigrifrons Cresson, syn.n. We remove O. wyomingensis Michener from synonymy with O. nifoata Cockerell, stat.n. , and O. pinorum Cockerell from synonymy with O. physariae Cockerell, stat.n.
Against ‘Enterprise’ (but not against ‘enterprise’, for that would make no sense)

This article explores different conceptions of ‘enterprise’ and seeks to indicate the extent to which they are non-reducible. Its main focus is on one particular conception of enterprise that has underpinned a powerful critique of public sector organizations and which has been translated into a variety of specific organizational strategies for restructuring or modernizing the public services. This conception, it is argued, is very different from that informing much of the prescriptive and descriptive literature on entrepreneurship within management studies, for instance. The article also attempts to question the opposition between ‘bureaucracy’ and ‘enterprise’ that frames this self-styled ‘entrepreneurial’ approach to organizational reform. This epochal ‘bureaucracy/enterprise’ dualism, it is argued, is best viewed as a rhetorical move in a political polemic, but one with real effects.
The fate of 15N added to high Arctic tundra to mimic increased inputs of atmospheric nitrogen released from a melting snowpack

Increases in the long‐range aerial transport of reactive N species from low to high latitudes will lead to increased accumulation in the Arctic snowpack, followed by release during the early summer thaw. We followed the release of simulated snowpack N, and its subsequent fate over three growing seasons, on two contrasting high Arctic tundra types on Spitsbergen (79°N). Applications of 15N (99 atom%) at 0.1 and 0.5 g N m−2 were made immediately after snowmelt in 2001 as either Na15NO3 or 15NH4Cl. These applications are approximately 1 × and 5 × the yearly atmospheric deposition rates. The vegetation at the principal experimental site was dominated by bryophytes and Salix polaris while at the second site, vegetation included bryophytes, graminoids and lichens. Audits of the applied 15N were undertaken, over two or three growing seasons, by determining the amounts of labeled N in the soil (0–3 and 3–10 cm), soil microbial biomass and different vegetation fractions.
A data mining application in credit scoring processes of small and medium enterprises commercial corporate customers

The constant need to assess loans makes risk evaluation a very important problem for the banking sector. A crucial function of the banks is to fund households and companies from various industries in the economy. Risk is taken by the banks as soon as a loan is given to an entity. Currently, there are sector‐and‐experience based methods of analysis employed by the banks to estimate the risks to be taken. For the credit process, there exist a large number of studies in the literature on scoring individual clients but there are very few studies on scoring small and medium enterprises (SME) commercial corporate customers. In this study, we propose an objective risk measurement method for the lending process of SME commercial corporate customers and performed classification task of data mining by collecting current customer data on credit evaluation process of a bank. For this purpose, we first create a risk measure by looking into the risks identified for existing customers by the analysts of a bank. These scores are used as target variable in the classification process. Then, we extract rules for estimating these scores using Weka software. We used six different algorithms, and compared results in terms of test accuracy, the number of rules, recall, precision and Kappa statistic. We obtained high accuracy rates on real life data by our approach. As a result, we showed that an objective evaluation strategy is possible to use in the lending process for SME commercial corporate customers in the banking system using data mining.
Identifying gaps in adolescent HIV care and treatment delivery in Asia: results of a regional health provider survey

ABSTRACT Adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) have substantial challenges accessing and adhering to HIV care and antiretroviral therapy (ART). We conducted a study to gather data on clinical service practices to support ALHIV-focused care in Asia using a 31-question survey for healthcare providers on care and treatment services, support for adherence and retention, and tracking of risk behaviors. It was generated in Google Forms, available in seven languages (Bahasa Indonesia, Chinese Mandarin, English, Malay, Khmer, Thai, Vietnamese), and hosted via Google Drive. Survey request emails were distributed to individual stakeholders (e.g. HIV clinicians, researchers, policymakers), and via sector listserves. Survey completion denoted consent to participate. Descriptive statistics with median values are provided. Between December 2015 and May 2016, 82 respondents from Cambodia (17%), China (6.1%), India (3.6%), Indonesia (20%), Malaysia (12%), Thailand (23%), and Vietnam (18%) participated. Most were physicians (73%) from tertiary-level hospitals (66%); 16% reported caring for >100 patients, 42% for 21–100, and 31% for <20; 95% of ALHIV in their care were on ART, 20% were on a second-line regimen. ALHIV-specific services were offered by less than half of the respondent clinics, and included 22% with designated adolescent care providers, and 19% with adolescent clinic times. Transition preparation included how to navigate adult care services (82%) and communicate with new health providers (67%), and some used a multidisciplinary team of pediatric and adult providers to coordinate transition (35%). Their most commonly reported challenges in ALHIV care included socio-economic limitations impacting care uptake (e.g. transportation, food insecurity; 44%), difficulty supporting self-disclosure by the adolescent (44%), and poor ART adherence (42%). These study results highlight the variable scope of HIV care offered by pediatric HIV centers to ALHIV in Asia, as well as challenges with service delivery, social support, and engaging adult HIV providers in the transition preparation process.
Convolutional Neural Network and Feature Transformation for Distant Speech Recognition

In many applications, speech recognition must operate in conditions where there are some distances between speakers and the microphones. This is called distant speech recognition (DSR). In this condition, speech recognition must deal with reverberation. Nowadays, deep learning technologies are becoming the the main technologies for speech recognition. Deep Neural Network (DNN) in hybrid with Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is the commonly used architecture. However, this system is still not robust against reverberation. Previous studies use Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), which is a variation of neural network, to improve the robustness of speech recognition against noise. CNN has the properties of pooling which is used to find local correlation between neighboring dimensions in the features. With this property, CNN could be used as feature learning emphasizing the information on neighboring frames. In this study we use CNN to deal with reverberation. We also propose to use feature transformation techniques: linear discriminat analysis (LDA) and maximum likelihood linear transformation (MLLT), on mel frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) before feeding them to CNN. We argue that transforming features could produce more discriminative features for CNN, and hence improve the robustness of speech recognition against reverberation. Our evaluations on Meeting Recorder Digits (MRD) subset of Aurora-5 database confirm that the use of LDA and MLLT transformations improve the robustness of speech recognition. It is better by 20% relative error reduction on compared to a standard DNN based speech recognition using the same number of hidden layers.
Multihop Distance-Bounding for Improving Security and Efficiency of Ad-Hoc Networks

Distance bounding (DB) protocols are crucial solutions against “distance attacks. ” Traditional one-hop DB protocols can estimate an upper-bound of the physical distance between two nodes within their communication range, but they fail when this distance exceeds their coverage. Recently, a two-hop DB protocol to verify the proximity of nodes beyond the first hop was proposed. Nonetheless, this approach is still lacking for meeting security requirements of multihop communication scenarios like ad-hoc wireless network. Motivated by this situation and considering security problems of a relay communication scenario, in this paper, we propose a multihop DB protocol, where a node can detect multihop neighbors and verify legality beyond its communication range. First, we present a description of traditional one-hop DB protocols and provide a general model for easily extending them to multihop capabilities. Then, we analyze one-hop and multihop models security giving theoretical and simulated attack success probabilities for different cases, and showing that the proposed solution can better prevent distance attacks.
Aminopeptidase A inhibitors

Potent and specific aminopeptidase A (APA; glutamylaminopeptidase, EC 3.4.11.7) inhibitors could be useful as powerful tools in the study of the physiological involvement of this enzyme in the metabolism of various peptides. Thus, using newly designed selective APA inhibitors, APA has been shown to participate in the metabolism of cholecystokinin and to be responsible for the conversion of angiotensin II (Ang II), a peripheral vasoconstrictor peptide, into Ang III, which has been recently shown to induce an increase in blood pressure and in vasopressin release in rat brain. Moreover, APA was shown to be overexpressed in several types of malignant tumours, probably by inducing the formation of as yet unidentified cell proliferating active peptide(s). This review highlights advances in the structure and functions of APA and in the design of very potent and selective inhibitors of this zinc metallopeptidase. These compounds could have interesting applications in the treatment of essential hypertension and their usefulness in cancer chemotherapy warrants further investigations.