Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Phenomenological Approach to Novice Nurse Anesthetists’ Experience During Simulation-Based Training Sessions

Introduction The aim of this study was to present an empirical phenomonological approach to exploring the experience of novice nurse anesthetists engaged in simulation-based training sessions. This study was conducted within the technologic and methodological framework of the course-of-action theory developed by Theureau. Methods The following 3 types of data were gathered: (i) field notes, (ii) continuous video recordings of the nurses’ behaviors and communications during the simulated scenarios and debriefing sessions, and (iii) verbalization data during the posttraining interviews. The data were processed in 3 steps as follows: (i) generating a log of the simulated scenarios, (ii) reconstructing the individual course of experience of each nurse-participant and for each simulated scenario, and (iii) analyzing its typical components. Results The nurse-participants’ concerns oscillated constantly between those related to the unfolding simulated procedure and those related to the targeted work. We identified 3 types of course of experience and noted a specific effect of the simulation, which was a particular vigilance regarding potential pitfalls and “traps” and a heightened sensitivity to the artificiality of the simulated scenarios. Discussion The discussion section emphasizes the importance of double or multiple-intentionality and mimetic experience in simulation-based learning and learning in general. We also try to specify the concept of mimetic experience and its relationship to the learning process. We believe that taking into account the dynamics of lived experience during simulations enriches our understanding of what the participants are dealing with inside the simulated scenarios and thereby provide leads to enhance future training sessions. Our results also call attention to the need to distinguish the mimetic environment from the mimetic experience.
The tradeoff between demand and strategic considerations is also at the heart of the empirical market entry literature

This paper investigates empirically the product assortment strategies of oligopolistic firms. We develop a framework that integrates product choice and price competition in a differentiated product market. The present model significantly improves upon the reduced-form profit functions typically used in the entry and location choice literature, because the variable profits that enter the product-choice decision are derived from a structural model of demand and price competition. Given the heterogeneity in consumers’ product valuations and responses to price changes, this is a critical element in the analysis of product assortment decisions. Relative to the literature on structural demand models, our results show that incorporating endogenous product choice is essential for policy simulations and may entail very different conclusions from settings where product assortment choices are held fixed. The authors thank MSI for financial support and Noriko Kakihara for excellent research assistance. This paper has greatly benefited from comments from Ulrich Doraszelski, Brett Gordon, Ken Wilbur and seminar audiences at University of Chicago, Duke, UNC, USC, and the Summer Institute for Competitive Strategy at Berkeley. M. Draganska (B) Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5015, USA e-mail: draganska_michaela@gsb.stanford. edu M. Mazzeo Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-2001, USA e-mail: mazzeo@kellogg.northwestern. edu K. Seim Wharton School of Business, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6372, USA e-mail: kseim@wharton.upenn. edu
Tanzanian Botanical Derivatives In The Control of Malaria Vectors: Opportunities and Challenges

This paper report on assessment of the chemicals derived from Tanzanian botanical resource as a viable source of safe, environmentally friendly and low cost mosquitocidal agents, but has yet to be developed into simple blends and formulations to be used in malaria control campaigns. Selection of bioactive plant species were based on random screening, phytochemical targeting, ethnobotanical survey, chemotaxonomic approach and targeted screening approach. The crude extracts from leaves, stem and root barks, and pure isolated compounds from over 20 different Tanzania plant species have been established to possess antimosquito activities. The bioassay experiments were based on cytotoxicity screening in BST followed by mosquitocidal assays of larvicidal, tarsal contact and repellency bioassays. The activities were characterized to be larvicidal, growth disruptors, insecticidal and repellents. Seasonal variations, geographical locations, isolation of small amounts of pure compounds, limits in the availability of essential facilities such as NMR spectroscopy, MS and X-ray diffraction analysis for structural elucidation, stereochemical and conformational assignments, have been realised to be among the impediments in the search and establishment of new and biodegradable botanical natural products. The results suggest that the investigated plant species are promising as mosquitocidal agents and could be useful leads for the development of new insecticide products. @JASEM
Morning-Evening Type and Stress-Related Personality in Japanese College Students

An earlier report by Mecacci and Rocchetti showed a significant, weak, and positive correlation between Evening type as measured by the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire and Type A personality as measured by the Jenkins Activity Survey and the Bortner Type A Scale in Italian college students. The present study of 503 Japanese college students yielded a significant and weakly negative correlation. The bases for the different results were discussed in a psychophysiological context.
Quantum signatures in the stabilization dynamics.

We investigate the phase-space dynamics of a hydrogenic atom in a very intense, high-frequency laser field, by comparing the time-dependent quantum Wigner functions with the corresponding classical distributions calculated using the Monte Carlo method. In both cases we model the atom by a one-dimensional soft-core potential in order to simplify the calculation. We demonstrate the importance of nonclassical interferences in the Wigner function and show how negative parts of it observed at the peak of the pulse are associated with the formation of a coherent superposition of dressed ``Kramers-Henneberger`` (KH) eigenstates. These signatures of the quantum dynamics are eliminated towards the end of the pulse when the coherence between the KH eigenstates degrades so that the classical and the quantum mechanical phase-space distributions come into agreement.
Ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve blockade of the upper extremity

Purpose of review Is ultrasound guidance changing the practice of upper extremity regional anesthesia? This review will aim to describe the findings published in the literature during the previous 18 months. Recent findings In some approaches to brachial plexus blockade, local anesthetic volumes may be reduced without deterioration of analgesic effect. However, even 10 ml of local injected into the interscalene space may result in diaphragmatic paresis. High-resolution ultrasonography has revealed anatomical variations of C5, C6 and C7 nerve roots in almost half of the patients examined, without negative block effectiveness. The addition of dexamethasone may prolong analgesia after single-shot interscalene and supraclavicular blocks. Insertion of brachial plexus perineural catheters using ultrasound guidance can be successful and provides better postoperative analgesia than single-shot blocks for up to 24 h postoperatively. Infraclavicular catheters provide superior analgesia when compared with supraclavicular catheters. Multiple-site injections of local offer no advantage over a single-site injection during an infraclavicular block. Ultrasound guidance compared with neurostimulation may reduce patient discomfort during axillary blocks compared with neurostimulation. Intra-epineural injections are common during an interscalene blockade, but the incidence of neurological injury remains low. There is an ongoing debate on the effectiveness and safety of ultrasound-guided intra-epineurial injections. Summary Current literature suggests a reduction of the volume of local anesthetics used for ultrasound-guided upper extremity blockades. Dexamethasone may prolong duration of brachial plexus blocks and more frequent use of perineural catheters is encouraged. Controversy over intra-epineurial injections exists and requires additional large-scale studies.
Relationship between Magical Ideation and Noctcaelador

This study explored the relationship between magical ideation and “noctcaelador” (strong interest in, and psychological attachment to, the night sky). 210 university students completed Eckblad and Chapman's 1983 Magical Ideation Scale and Kelly's 2004 Noctcaelador Inventory. Scores on the two scales were significantly positively related and accounted for 14% of the common variance. Based on this operational definition of magical ideation, a strong interest in the night-sky might be associated with uncommon beliefs and reports of unusual perceptual experience. Researchers must clarify and define these concepts to study possible relations.
Emotional and user-specific cues for improved analysis of naturalistic interactions

T Human-Computer Interaction recently received an increased attention. This is not just a matter of making the operation of technical systems as simple as pissuble, but also to enable a possibly natural interaction. In this context, especially the speech-based operation gained an increased attention. For example, modern smart phones and televisions offer a robust voice control, which is attributed to various technical improvements in recent years. Nevertheless, voice control still seems artificial. Only self-contained dialogues with short statements can be managed. Furthermore, just the content of speech is evaluated. The way in which something is said remains unconsidered, although it is known from human communication, that the transmitted emotion is important in order to communicate successfully. A relatively new branch of research, the “Affective Computing”, has, amongst other objectives, the aim to develop technical systems that recognise and interpret emotions and respond to them appropriately. In this case, speech-based automatic emotion recognition has a major role. For emotion recognition, it is important to know how emotions can be presented and how they are expressed. For this purpose, it is helpful to rely on empirical evidences of the psychology of emotions. Unfortunately, there is no uniform representation of emotions. Also the definition of appropriate emotion-distinctive acoustic features is rather descriptive in psychology. Therefore, the automatic detection of emotions is based on proven methods of automatic speech recognition, which have also been shown as appropriate for emotion recognition. Automatic emotion recognition is, as speech recognition, a branch of pattern recognition. Contrary to emotion psychology, it is data-driven, that means insights are gathered from sampled data. For emotion recognition the phases “annotation”, “modelling” and “recognition” are distinguishable. The annotation categorises speech data according to predefined emotion-terms. Modelling generates recognisers to categorise data automatically. Recognition performs a previously unknown allocation of data to emotional classes. In the beginning, automatic emotion recognition was usually based – due to the lack of suitable data sets – on acted and very expressive emotional expressions. In this case, based on features and detection methods known from speech recognition, very good recognition results of over 80% in distinguishing of up to seven emotions could be achieved. However, for human-machine interaction these recognisers were unsuitable because in this case emotions are not that expressive. Therefore, in collaboration with
Chip‐scale microscopy imaging

Chip‐scale microscopy imaging platforms are pivotal for improving the efficiency of modern biomedical and bioscience experiments. Their integration with other lab‐on‐a‐chip techniques would allow rapid, reliable and high‐throughput sample analysis for applications in diverse disciplines. In typical chip‐scale microscopy imaging platforms, the light path can be generalized to the following steps: photons leave the light source, interact with the sample and finally are detected by the sensor. Based on the light path of these platforms, the current review aims to provide some insights on design strategies for chip‐scale microscopy. Specifically, we analyze current chip‐scale microscopy approaches from three aspects: illumination design, sample manipulation and substrate/imager modification. We also discuss some opportunities for future developments of chip‐scale microscopy, such as time multiplexed structured illumination and hydrodynamic focusing for high throughput sample manipulation. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Symbolic algorithms to calculate steady-state probabilities of a finite state machine

In this paper we present two symbolic algorithms to compute the steady-state probabilities for very large finite state machines. These algorithms, based on Algebraic Decision Diagrams (ADD's)/spl minus/an extension of BDDs that allows arbitrary values to be associated with the terminal nodes of the diagrams/spl minus/determine the steady-state probabilities by regarding finite state machines as homogeneous, discrete-parameter Markov chains with finite state spaces, and by solving the corresponding Chapman-Kolmogorov equations. We have implemented two solution techniques: one is based on the Gauss-Jacobi iteration, and the other one on simple matrix multiplication, we report the experimental results obtained for problems with over 10/sup 8/ unknowns in irreducible form. <<ETX>>
A review on identifying influencing factors and data mining techniques best suited for analyzing students' performance

Educational Data Mining is focused on development of different ways to analyze the unique types of data in educational environment and, implementing these methods, to better understanding students and the environment in which they learn. Various forms of data from the Internet and other educational software's provides large amount of educational data. In this paper we have reviewed the various data mining methods that are used in educational context for improvement in existing knowledge domain by efficient analysis and interpretation of the available data. This paper summarizes and review the various techniques used for identifying key features and influencing factors for analyzing students' performance from educational data.
Vision-based qualitative path-following control of quadrotor aerial vehicle

This paper presents a vision-based qualitative 3D navigation technique as well as first results of adapting Funnel Lane theory into path-following control of quadrotor aerial vehicle. The image's Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi (KLT) corner features are detected along the reference path in order to build a funnel lane for navigation. Then a funnel-lane navigation calculation is developed to estimate the desired yaw angle and height for the next movement. The proposed algorithm uses the front camera, heading measurement and altimeter of the Ar.Drone quadrotor for navigation. The remarkable advantage of the proposed technique is independently working in GPS-denied environments without the support of the external tracking system as well as computationally efficient. As compared to other available approaches, at-least one matched feature is required during path following. The proposed navigation technique can be implemented for visual-homing, visual-servoing and visual-teach-and-repeat (VT&R) applications. The proposed method is simulated in ROS and Gazebo simulator followed by a realtime experiment with the Ar.Drone quadrotor.
Preparing for medical emergencies: the essential drugs and equipment for the dental office.

BACKGROUND Acute medical emergencies can and do occur in the dental office. Preparing for them begins with a team approach by the dentist and staff members who have up-to-date certification in basic life support for health care providers. The ability to react immediately to the emergency at hand, including telephoning for help and having the equipment and drugs needed to respond to an emergency, can mean the difference between successful management and failure. Overview. The purpose of this article is to provide a vision of the training, basic and critical drugs, and equipment necessary for staff members in general dental offices to manage the most common and anticipated medical emergencies. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Completion of annual continuing education courses and office medical emergency drills ensure a rapid response to emergency situations. It is the combination of a knowledgeable and skilled dental team with the equipment for basic airway rescue and oxygenation, monitoring equipment, an automated external defibrillator and a basic drug emergency kit that make the dental office a safer environment for patients and enhance dental professionals' capability to render competent and timely aid.
Development of graphical interface for modeling excitation map in the electrophysiological heart simulator

We previously developed an electrophysiological heart simulator. However, it was tedious and time-consuming to create the heart models for the simulation. In this study, we newly developed the graphical interface for modeling an excitation map and setting up some physiological parameters. Utilizing our interface enables us to save the labor for repetitive simulation trials using the individual and modified ventricular models.
Phytochemical characteristics of Ichnocarpus frutescens. (L) R.Br

The roots of Ichnocarpus frutescens (L) R.Br. (Apocynaceae) are used in indigenous system of medicine. The present study on phytochemical characteristics of root powder, namely behavior with different chemical reagents, fluorescent behaviour, extractive values, colour and consistency and qualitative phytochemical studies are useful for identification and conformation of its authenticity.
Analytical Fixed-Point Accuracy Evaluation in Linear Time-Invariant Systems

One of the most important stages of floating-point to fixed-point conversion, is the evaluation of the fixed-point specification accuracy. This evaluation is required to optimize the data word-length according to accuracy constraints. Classical methods for accuracy evaluation are based on fixed-point simulations but they lead to very long optimization times.A new method based on an analytical approach is presented for the case of linear-time-invariant (LTI) systems. The use of this method in data word-length minimization processes reduces significantly the optimization time compared to simulation based methods. Our approach allows the automatic determination of the signal-to-quantization-noise-ratio (SQNR) expression at the system output according to the fixed-point data format. This method is valid for recursive and non-recursive LTI systems and takes account of the quantization modes (truncation or rounding). The theoretical concepts and the different methodology stages are explained. Then, the ability to efficiently evaluate the fixed-point specification accuracy is demonstrated through examples.
Role of mitochondrial damage during cardiac apoptosis in septic rats

Background Myocardial apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis‐related myocardial depression. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. This study investigated the role of mitochondrial damage and mitochondria‐induced oxidative stress during cardiac apoptosis in septic rats. Methods Seventy‐two Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group and septic group receiving lipopolysaccharide injection. Heart tissue was removed and changes in cardiac morphology were observed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In situ apoptosis was examined using terminal transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end‐labeling assay and nuclear factor‐kappa B activation in myocardium by Western blotting to estimate myocardial apoptosis. Appearance of mitochondrial cristae and activation of cytochrome C oxidase were used to evaluate mitochondrial damage. Oxidative stress was assessed by mitochondrial lipid and protein oxidation, and antioxidant defense was assessed by mitochondrial superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity. Results Sepsis‐induced inflammatory cell infiltration, myocardium degeneration and dropsy were time‐dependent. Expanded capillaries were observed in the hearts of infected rats 24 hours post‐challenge. Compared with sham‐treated rats, the percentage of cell apoptosis increased in a time‐dependent manner in hearts from septic rats at 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours post‐injection (P < 0.05). The expression of nuclear factor‐kappa B p65 decreased gradually in the cytosol and increased in the nucleus during sepsis, indicating that septic challenge provoked the progressive activation of nuclear factor‐kappa B. Mitochondrial cristae and activation of cytochrome C oxidase increased in a time‐dependent manner. Both superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities decreased, while mitochondrial lipid and protein oxidation increased between 6 and 24 hours after lipopolysaccharide challenge. Conclusions Septic challenge induced myocardial apoptosis and mitochondrial damage. Furthermore, mitochondrial damage via alteration of defenses against reactive oxygen species might play an important role in myocardial apoptosis during sepsis.
Specific plasma lipid classes and phospholipid fatty acids indicative of dairy food consumption associate with insulin sensitivity.

BACKGROUND Reports have suggested that the consumption of dairy foods may reduce risk of type 2 diabetes on the basis of evidence of raised circulating ruminant fatty acids. OBJECTIVE We determined whether certain phospholipid species and fatty acids that are associated with full-fat dairy consumption may also be linked to diminished insulin resistance. DESIGN Four variables of insulin resistance and sensitivity were defined from oral-glucose-tolerance tests in 86 overweight and obese subjects with metabolic syndrome. Plasma phospholipids, sphingolipids, and fatty acids were determined by using a lipidomic analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to provide objective markers of dairy consumption. Food records provided information on dairy products. Associations were determined by using linear regression analyses adjusted for potential confounders age, sex, systolic blood pressure, waist:hip ratio, or body mass index (BMI) and corrected for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Lysophosphatidylcholine, lyso-platelet-activating factor, and several phospholipid fatty acids correlated directly with the number of servings of full-fat dairy foods. Lysophosphatidylcholine and lyso-platelet-activating factor were also associated directly with insulin sensitivity when accounting for the waist:hip ratio (Matsuda index unadjusted, P < 0.001 for both; adjusted for multiple comparisons, P < 0.02 for both) and inversely with insulin resistance (fasting insulin unadjusted, P < 0.001 for both; adjusted, P = 0.04 and P < 0.05, respectively; homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance adjusted, P = 0.04 for both; post-glucose insulin area under the plasma insulin curve during the 120 min of the test adjusted, P < 0.01 for both). The substitution of BMI for the waist:hip ratio attenuated associations modestly. Phospholipid fatty acid 17:0 also tended to be associated directly with insulin sensitivity and inversely with resistance. CONCLUSION Variables of insulin resistance were lower at higher concentrations of specific plasma phospholipids that were also indicators of full-fat dairy consumption. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00163943.