Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
More Bankers, More Growth? Evidence from OECD Countries

We re-examine empirically the finance–growth relationship. We argue that financial deepening should not only be assessed via the familiar measures of financial activity output—the volume of credit—but also through its inputs—for example, the relative number of employees in the financial industry—or the efficiency of the financial-intermediation process. The latter is measured in this paper by the ratio of credit volume to the number of financial-sector employees. We compare these measures using the econometric approach recommended by Roodman (2009). Overall, we fail to find a positive relationship between financial deepening and economic growth in OECD countries over the last 40 years.
Enhanced Transformer Model for Data-to-Text Generation

Neural models have recently shown significant progress on data-to-text generation tasks in which descriptive texts are generated conditioned on database records. In this work, we present a new Transformer-based data-to-text generation model which learns content selection and summary generation in an end-to-end fashion. We introduce two extensions to the baseline transformer model: First, we modify the latent representation of the input, which helps to significantly improve the content correctness of the output summary; Second, we include an additional learning objective that accounts for content selection modelling. In addition, we propose two data augmentation methods that succeed to further improve performance of the resulting generation models. Evaluation experiments show that our final model outperforms current state-of-the-art systems as measured by different metrics: BLEU, content selection precision and content ordering. We made publicly available the transformer extension presented in this paper.
Efficient Civic Auditing Mechanism with Preserving Identity Seclusion and Supporting Traceability

With cloud computing and storage services, data is not only stored in the cloud, but routinely shared among a large number of users in a group. It remains elusive, however, to design an efficient mechanism to audit the integrity of such shared data, while still preserving identity privacy. In this paper, we propose Knox, a privacy-preserving auditing mechanism for data stored in the cloud and shared among a large number of users in a group. In particular, we utilize group signatures to construct homomorphic authenticators, so that a third party auditor (TPA) is able to verify the integrity of shared data for users without retrieving the entire data. Meanwhile, the identity of the signer on each block in shared data is kept private from the TPA. With Knox, the amount of information used for verification, as well as the time it takes to audit with it, are not affected by the number of users in the group. In addition,Knox exploits homomorphic MACs to reduce the space used to store such verification information. Our experimental results show that Knox is able to efficiently audit the correctness of data, shared among a large
Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Diagnosis of Bacterial Meningitis; Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Systematic Review

Article type: Systematic Review Background: Analysis of biofluids provides a unique window into the biochemical status of a living organism since the composition of a given biofluid will be modulated according to the level of function of the cells that are intimately concerned with its manufacture and secretion. One of the most successful approaches to biofluid analysis has been the application of NMR spectroscopy. Objectives: The aim of this study was the survey of the role of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy in differential diagnosis of septic bacterial meningitis. Methods: Using the search strategy from three databases (MEDLINE/PMC, Web of Science, Scopus), list of references of selected articles and gray literature, without time and language limitation, articles up to March 2017 were entered into this review. In this review, 219 articles were acquired at the primary search. Study selection and quality assessment processes were done based on Cochrane library guidelines. After assessing the quality and inclusion and exclusion criteria, 4 articles were selected and entered into the data synthesis. Results: The results of 4 studies demonstrated relative elevation of lactate value and extracellular acidosis in bacterial meningitis not in aseptic meningitis. Moreover in most of them, decreasing its level by treatment was evident. Conclusion: Metabolomic analysis with NMR spectroscopy of cerebrospinal fluid can become a powerful helping in differentiation of septic meningitis from aseptic meningitis.
Relationship between Leader Behavior and Subordinate Intention to Remain: Mediating Role of Critical Thinking and Empowerment

This study examines whether leader behavior, fostering critical thinking and empowerment has any impact on follower intention to remain. The survey instrument is distributed to 700 salespeople and 542 usable responses are obtained. To examine the factor structure of the survey instrument, factor analysis is performed. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) results into four factors and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) yield satisfactory fit indices. Hypotheses testing are done using simple linear regression and mediation effect is measured in accordance to Barron & Kenny (1986) mediation analysis using Preacher & Hayes (2008) Process software. Results indicate that leader behavior has strong direct and indirect positive impact on subordinate intention to remain through critical thinking and empowerment. The mediation analysis results reveal partial mediation effect of critical thinking and full mediation effect of empowerment between leadership and intention to remain. Findings of the study supports the proposition that when leaders take time to enhance subordinates skillsets and delegate authority to them will improve subordinate morale and this results into lower voluntary attrition. This study is conducted in automobile retail sales context future research should focus on examining the proposed models in multiple milieu.
A survey of computational methods for fossil data analysis

Aim: (1) Survey and organize computational approaches to fossil data analysis into a methodological framework. (2) Highlight the kinds of research questions about evolutionary and environmental change that can be answered by applying computational algorithms to mammal fossil data to better understand past ecosystems and climates. Questions: What models have been used for what research questions? What is their scope of application? What are their potential limitations? Search methods: Our search of the literature was based on personal knowledge in combination with keyword-based searches. Papers were considered relevant if data-driven computational methods were used to analyse relationships between organisms and their environments at evolutionary time scales. Conclusions: We demonstrate that different research questions may be answered with the same computational algorithm, and different algorithms may be needed to answer the same question in different contexts. We believe that in order to move forward, we need to match knowledge of methods with knowledge of the fossil record in a research question-driven way. Figure 2 presents a proposed workflow. Following this framework, we survey existing work and highlight what research questions can potentially be answered with which methods, some of which may not have been reported in the evolutionary palaeontology literature to date. The outcome of this survey is a proposal for a research agenda in computational fossil data analysis.
Securing IoT-Based RFID Systems: A Robust Authentication Protocol Using Symmetric Cryptography

Despite the many conveniences of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems, the underlying open architecture for communication between the RFID devices may lead to various security threats. Recently, many solutions were proposed to secure RFID systems and many such systems are based on only lightweight primitives, including symmetric encryption, hash functions, and exclusive OR operation. Many solutions based on only lightweight primitives were proved insecure, whereas, due to resource-constrained nature of RFID devices, the public key-based cryptographic solutions are unenviable for RFID systems. Very recently, Gope and Hwang proposed an authentication protocol for RFID systems based on only lightweight primitives and claimed their protocol can withstand all known attacks. However, as per the analysis in this article, their protocol is infeasible and is vulnerable to collision, denial-of-service (DoS), and stolen verifier attacks. This article then presents an improved realistic and lightweight authentication protocol to ensure protection against known attacks. The security of the proposed protocol is formally analyzed using Burrows Abadi-Needham (BAN) logic and under the attack model of automated security verification tool ProVerif. Moreover, the security features are also well analyzed, although informally. The proposed protocol outperforms the competing protocols in terms of security.
Integrated pan-cancer gene expression and drug sensitivity analysis reveals SLFN11 mRNA as a solid tumor biomarker predictive of sensitivity to DNA-damaging chemotherapy

Background Precision oncology seeks to integrate multiple layers of data from a patient’s cancer to effectively tailor therapy. Conventional chemotherapies are sometimes effective but accompanied by adverse events, warranting the identification of a biomarker of chemosensitivity. Objective Identify an mRNA biomarker that predicts chemosensitivity across solid tumor subtypes. Methods We performed a pan-solid tumor analysis integrating gene expression and drug sensitivity profiles from 3 cancer cell line datasets to identify transcripts correlated with sensitivity to a panel of chemotherapeutics. We then tested the ability of an mRNA biomarker to predictive clinical outcomes in cohorts of patients with breast, lung, or ovarian cancer. Results Expression levels of several mRNA transcripts were significantly correlated with sensitivity or resistance chemotherapeutics in cancer cell line datasets. The only mRNA transcript significantly correlated with sensitization to multiple classes of DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics in all 3 cell line datasets was encoded by Schlafen Family Member 11 (SLFN11). Analyses of multiple breast, lung, and ovarian cancer patient cohorts treated with chemotherapy confirmed SLFN11 mRNA expression as a predictive biomarker of longer overall survival and improved tumor response. Conclusions Tumor SLFN11 mRNA expression is a biomarker of sensitivity to an array of DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics across solid tumor subtypes.
Low Cost UWB X-Band LFMCW-SAR

For near range high resolution SAR (synthetic aperture radar) imaging, this paper presents an scheme for generating X-band LFMCW signal with 5.1GHz bandwidth based on YIG oscillator. The method is simple in structure and low in price, but introduces a certain degree of nonlinearity, resulting in range-resolution degradation. This paper first introduces the design of the radar transmitter. After that, with the existing HAF-based (high-order ambiguity function) nonlinearity correction method and k  imaging algorithm, well focused range profiles and SAR images are obtained. Measurement results are used to validate the effectiveness of the algorithm. In the end, several SAR images are given to shown the performance of the radar system.
Vector Control, Pest Management, Resistance, Repellents Target and Nontarget Toxicity of Cassia fistula Fruit Extract Against Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae), Lung Cells (BEAS-2B) and Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos

Mosquitoes transmit serious diseases, which threaten humans and severely affect livestock. The half-lethal concentration (LC50) was calculated by log probit analysis. The LC50 and LC90 values of larvicidal activity of Cassia fistula Linn. hexane-methanol soluble fraction (HMSF) after 24 h of exposure were 21.04 and 34.68 μg/ ml, respectively. The LC50 values after 24 h of exposure were 84.09 μg/ml and 108.08 μg/ml for chloroform– methanol soluble fraction (CMSF) and ethyl acetate-methanol soluble fraction (EMSF) respectively. The percent hatchability of eggs exposed to the hexane extract was 90 ± 5.0, 68.33 ± 7.6, 46.6 ± 11.5, 10 ± 0.0, and 0 ± 0.0% at 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 ppm, respectively. The pupicidal activity of the hexane extract at 40 μg/ml was 0.0%. The LC50 value of adulticidal activity of the hexane extract was 12.8 mg/test tube. The biosafety of the hexane extract was assessed in nontarget organisms, i.e., zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and normal lung cells (BEAS-2B). The hexane extract of C. fistula was well tolerated by zebrafish embryos, and no mortality or toxicity was found in the embryos exposed to the highest tested concentration of 300 μg/ml. Similarly, all the concentrations tested against the normal lung cells (BEAS-2B) showed more than 95% survival. The gas chromatography– mass spectroscopy analysis identified 12 compounds, and 2-methyl hexanoic acid and 2-methyl butanoic acid were the major compounds identified in the hexane extract. The larvicidal activity of C. fistula extracts will help in the development of natural substitutes for vector management of mosquito populations.
Children with autism spectrum disorder and physical activity: A descriptive synthesis

The purpose of this literature review was to describe research on strategies used in engaging children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in physical activity. Keyword searches were used to identify articles from selected electronic databases over a 25-year period from 1990 through 2015. Thirty-five articles met all inclusion criteria. These studies were retrieved, reviewed, coded, analyzed thematically, and summarized. Five thematic categories emerged, which were: (a) comparison of physical activity (PA) levels between children with ASD and their typically functioning peers, (b) physical activity patterns of children with ASD, (c) barriers that impede children participation in physical activities, (d) benefits of participating in physical activities, and (e) strategies for engaging children with ASD in physical activities. Effective teaching strategies and the benefits of participating in physical activities for children with ASD are addressed in this review. Key words: Autism spectrum disorder, physical activity, physical education, exercise.
Solutions to conjugate Beltrami equations and approximation in generalized Hardy spaces

Abstract We present a constructive method for the robust approximation to solutions of some elliptic equations in a plane domain from incomplete and corrupted boundary data. We state this inverse problem in generalized Hardy spaces of functions satisfying the conjugate Beltrami equation, of which we give some properties, in the Hilbertian framework. The issue is then reworded as a constrained approximation (bounded extremal) problem which is shown to be well-posed. A practical motivation comes from modelling plasma confinement in a tokamak reactor. There, the particular form of the conductivity coefficient leads to Bessel-exponential type families of solutions of which we establish density properties.
Apoptotic Induction and Anti-Migratory Effects of Rhazya Stricta Fruit Extracts on a Human Breast Cancer Cell Line

Rhazya stricta is a medicinal plant that is widely used in Saudi folklore medicine for treatment of various diseases. R. stricta fruit powder was sequentially extracted with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol using a Soxhlet extractor. The cytotoxic effects of these fractions on human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) and non-tumorigenic control cells (MCF-10A) were evaluated via cell viability measurements, microscopy, gene expression, and migration assays. Moreover, the effect of the most promising extract on 7,12-dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer was investigated in rats. The promising extract was also subjected to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Fruit extracts of R. stricta were significantly cytotoxic toward all tested cell lines, as demonstrated by MTT and LDH assays. Treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with fruit ethyl acetate fraction (RSF EtOAc) increased expression 11of P53, Bax and activation of caspase 3/7. A cell migration scratch assay demonstrated that extracts at non-cytotoxic concentrations exerted a potent anti-migration activity against the highly invasive MDA-MB-231 cell line. Moreover, RT-PCR results showed that RSF EtOAc significantly downregulated MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression, which play an important role in breast cancer metastasis. Histological studies of breast tissue in experimental animals showed a slight improvement in tissue treated with fruit ethyl acetate extract. GC-MS chromatogram showed thirteen peaks with major constituents were camphor, trichosenic acid and guanidine. Our current study demonstrates that fruit extracts of R. stricta are cytotoxic toward breast cancer cell lines through apoptotic mechanisms.
EM-Wave Anechoic Chamber Sound Wave Anechoic Chamber Telelecture Studio Control Room Seminar Room Storage Athletic Room Plant Maintenance Storage Listening Room Preparation Room Maintenance

Identifying line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) channel conditions can improve the performance of many wireless applications, such as signal strength-based localization algorithms. For this purpose, channel state information (CSI) obtained by commodity IEEE 802.11n devices can be used, because it contains information about channel impulse response (CIR). However, because of the limited sampling rate of the devices, a high-resolution CIR is not available, and it is difficult to detect the existence of an LOS path from a single CSI measurement, but it can be inferred from the variation pattern of CSI over time. To this end, we propose a recurrent neural network (RNN) model, which takes a series of CSI to identify the corresponding channel condition. We collect numerous measurement data under an indoor office environment, train the proposed RNN model, and compare the performance with those of existing schemes that use handcrafted features. The proposed method efficiently learns a non-linear relationship between input and output, and thus, yields high accuracy even for data obtained in a very short period.
Colocalization of GWAS and eQTL signals at loci with multiple signals identifies additional candidate genes for body fat distribution.

Integration of genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) studies enables identification of candidate genes. However, evaluating whether nearby signals may share causal variants, termed colocalization, is affected by the presence of allelic heterogeneity, different variants at the same locus impacting the same phenotype. We previously identified eQTLs in subcutaneous adipose tissue from 770 participants in the METSIM study and detected 15 eQTL signals that colocalized with GWAS signals for waist-hip ratio (WHRadjBMI) from the GIANT consortium. Here, we reevaluated evidence of colocalization using two approaches, conditional analysis and the Bayesian test COLOC, and show that providing COLOC with approximate conditional summary statistics at multi-signal GWAS loci can reconcile disagreements in colocalization classification between the two tests. Next, we performed conditional analysis on the METSIM subcutaneous adipose tissue data to identify conditionally distinct, or secondary, eQTL signals. We used the two approaches to test for colocalization with WHRadjBMI GWAS signals and evaluated the differences in colocalization classification between the two tests. Through these analyses, we identified four GWAS signals colocalized with secondary eQTL signals for FAM13A, SSR3, GRB14, and FMO1. Thus, at loci with multiple eQTL and/or GWAS signals, analyzing each signal independently enabled additional candidate genes to be identified.
Sensitivity of Estimators to Three Levels of Correlation between Error Terms.

A Monte Carlo simulation is employed to investigate the sensitivity of simultaneous equation techniques under different levels of correlation between random deviates. Three arbitrary levels of correlation between pairs of random deviates were assumed. Three small sample sizes were used in this experiment, N = 15, N=25 and N = 40 each replicated 100 times. A number of factors should be taken into account in choosing an estimation method. Although system methods are asymptotically most efficient in the absence of violation of mutual independence of random errors, system methods are more sensitive to any kind of error than single equation methods. In practice, models are never perfectly specified nor are they completely free of correlated random deviates. It is a matter of judgment whether the correlation is strong enough to warrant avoidance of system methods. As sample size increases, the TAB for all the estimators decreased consistently except for FIML. OLS, 2SLS, LIML and FIML are remarkably insensitive to the choice of triangular matrices (P1 and P2) when using TAB to judge their performances. Best RSS estimates of 2SLS, LIML, and 3SLS are found in the feebly correlated region.
Identification of novel proteolytically inactive mutations in coronavirus 3C‐like protease using a combined approach

Coronaviruses (CoVs) infect humans and multiple other animal species, causing highly prevalent and severe diseases. 3C‐like proteases (3CLpros) from CoVs (also called main proteases) are essential for viral replication and are also involved in polyprotein cleavage and immune regulation, making them attractive and effective targets for the development of antiviral drugs. Herein, the 3CLpro from the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, an enteropathogenic CoV, was used as a model to identify novel crucial residues for enzyme activity. First, we established a rapid, sensitive, and efficient luciferase‐based biosensor to monitor the activity of PDEV 3CLpro in vivo. Using this luciferase biosensor, along with confirming the well‐known catalytic residues (His41 and Cys144), we identified 4 novel proteolytically inactivated mutants of PDEV 3CLpro, which was also confirmed in mammalian cells by biochemical experiments. Our molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed that the hydrogen bonding interactions occurring within and outside of the protease's active site and the dynamic fluctuations of the substrate, especially the van der Waals contacts, were drastically altered, a situation related to the loss of 3CLpro activity. These data suggest that changing the intermolecular dynamics in protein‐substrate complexes eliminates the mechanism underlying the protease activity. The discovery of novel crucial residues for enzyme activity in the binding pocket could potentially provide more druggable sites for the design of protease inhibitors. In addition, our in‐depth study of the dynamic substrate's envelope model using MD simulations is an approach that could augment the discovery of new inhibitors against 3CLpro in CoVs and other viral 3C proteases. —Zhou, J., Fang, L. , Yang, Z. , Xu, S. , Lv, M. , Sun, Z. , Chen, J., Wang, D. , Gao, J., Xiao, S. Identification of novel proteolytically inactive mutations in coronavirus 3C‐like protease using a combined approach. FASEB J. 33, 14575‐14587 (2019). www.fasebj. org