Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Rotor UAV-Borne PolInSAR Data Processing and Preliminary Analysis of Height Inversion in Urban Area

Polarimetric Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolInSAR) has many useful applications, especially in forest areas. With the development of SAR miniaturization technology, researchers can install PolInSAR on small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), which can reduce flight costs. Limited by size and power, UAV-borne SAR usually works in a high-frequency band, which restricts its application to such things as vegetation height inversion. While on the other hand, the high resolution acquired under a short wavelength promises its application in urban areas. However, there are fewer studies on the application of PolInSAR in urban areas compared with that in forest areas. In this paper, we propose a processing method for a Ku-band multi-rotor-UAV-borne PolInSAR and provide a preliminary analysis of height inversion results on its data from the Fudan campus in Shanghai. We obtain the digital surface model (DSM) of different polarization modes and the DSM of polarimetric interferometry optimal decomposition in this area, whose RMSE is 2.88 m. On this basis, the elevation inversion results of targets such as buildings, lampposts, and trees are compared and analyzed. We preliminarily explore and analyze the reasons for the different results of different targets. To this end, we propose a mathematical derivation of the relationship between the interferometric phase between PolInSAR and InSAR of Pauli decomposition. We also perform a simulation to analyze the relationship between the phase center height of Pauli decomposition and PolInSAR under different cases. It provides a reference for the application of small UAV-borne PolInSAR in urban areas.
Queue Length Estimation for Signalized Intersections under Partially Connected Vehicle Environment

Queue length is a crucial measurement of traffic signal control at urban intersections. Conventional queue length estimation methods mostly still rely on fixed detectors. The development of connected vehicles (CV) provides massive amounts of vehicle trajectory data, and the queue length estimation based on CV data has received considerable attention in recent years. However, most existing CV-based methods require the prior knowledge of the penetration rate of CV and vehicle arrivals, but the estimation of these prior distributions has not been well studied. To address this issue, this paper proposes a cycle-based queue length estimation method under partially connected vehicle (CV) environment, with the prior vehicle arrivals being unknown. The empirical Bayes method is adopted to estimate the arrival rate by leveraging the observed queued CV information such as the number and positions. The hyperparameter estimation problem of the prior distribution is solved by the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method. To validate the proposed queue length estimation method, a simulation environment with partially connected vehicles is established using VISSIM and Python for data generating. The results in terms of normalized mean absolute errors (NMAE) and normalized root mean square errors (NRMSE) show that the proposed method could produce accurate and reliable estimated queue length under various CV penetration rates.
Barriers and Facilitators for Smoking Cessation in Chinese Smokers with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Qualitative Study

Background Smoking cessation is recommended as a key intervention for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) smokers. However, in China, few COPD smokers quit successfully. The aim of this study was to explore in depth the barriers and facilitators for smoking cessation among smokers with COPD in China. Methods A purposive sample of 32 hospitalized smokers with COPD were included, 17 ex-smokers and 15 current smokers, participated in the semi-structured interviews. Interviews were analyzed thematically and using a deductive approach guided by Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behavior (COM-B) framework. Results Three inter-related themes were generated: smokers’ motivation was a prerequisite for quitting, maintaining capability to quit smoking, and opportunities that facilitated smokers to quit. Motivation to quit for most participants was activated by COPD-related symptoms, although they had a limited knowledge of COPD. Physical benefits from quitting and strong willpower were facilitators for maintaining quitting, while exposure to smoking environment and strong addiction to nicotine were frequent reasons for relapse. Most ex-smokers quit smoking by their own willpower rather than professionally delivered smoking cessation interventions. Smokers’ attitudes toward these interventions depended on their effectiveness and convenience. Very few participants had experienced pharmacotherapy or behavioral support from physicians. However, interviewees preferred auricular acupressure to pharmacotherapy. Conclusion Motivation to quit among smokers with COPD was usually initiated by COPD-related symptoms. Physical benefits observed by quitting and strong willpower facilitated smoking cessation, while exposure to smoking environment and strong addiction to nicotine led to relapse. COPD smokers in China preferred auricular acupressure to pharmacotherapy.
Environmental variation in sex ratios and sexual dimorphism in three wind‐pollinated dioecious plant species

Variation in plant sex ratios is often attributable to sex-specific mortality in heteroge-neous environments that differentially limit male and female plant reproduction. Yet sexual dimorphism and plastic responses to environmental heterogeneity are common and may co-vary with variation in sex ratios. Here, we show that the sex ratio and the degree of sexual dimorphism for a number of plant traits varied along climatic and elevation gradients in three wind-pollinated dioecious species, Rumex lunaria , Urtica dioica and Salix helvetica . Some of the observed sex-specific responses to climatic variation are consistent with greater sensitivity of females to water scarcity, but most responses rather point to the greater sensitivity of males to ecological stress, consistent with larger male reproductive effort, as has been commonly reported for wind-pollinated plants. In contrast, we found no evidence for variation in either sex ratios or sexual dimorphism expected under sexual selection. Interestingly, sex ratios and sexual dimorphism varied both along distinct and the same ecological axes of variation, suggesting that the evolution of sexual dimorphism in the measured traits was not sufficient to prevent sex-specific mortality.
Development and Evaluation of Eberconazole-Loaded Niosomes

: Invasive fungal infections require a long treatment schedule; however, treatment has become more cumbersome due to the development of resistance. Most antifungal moieties show systemic toxicity upon oral administration, leading to delivery of antifungal moieties via a topical route. Eberconazole (EBZ) is a BCS class II drug that has poor solubility and high permeability. It is a broad-spectrum imidazole derivative, which acts as a both fungicidal and fungistatic drug by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis. Various topical creams of EBZ are available in the market, but the lack of a proper dosing schedule and rapid removal lead to poor bioavailability. Niosomes are vesicular carriers that can entrap both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. Niosomal formulations have been prepared using Span20 (nonionic surfactant) and cholesterol by thin-ﬁlm hydration (TFH) technique. During preformulation studies, the purity of EBZ was ascertained using FT-IR and melting point studies, while the standard calibration curve was prepared using UV-visible spectroscopy. The prepared niosomal formulations were characterized for their morphology, entrapment efﬁciency, particle size, and zeta potential. The formulation has shown 86 ± 0.85% entrapment efﬁciency, while the noisome appeared in a ring-like structure during its microscopic evaluation. Further evaluations of in vitro and in vivo release studies will be performed in the future for its efﬁcacy and antifungal activity.
‘I cannot sustain the workload and the emotional toll’: Reasons behind Australian teachers’ intentions to leave the profession

Concerns are mounting about the attraction and retention of teachers in Australian schools. This study draws upon a questionnaire of 2444 Australian primary and secondary school teachers, which revealed that only 41% of respondents intended to remain in the profession. Through a thematic analysis of the qualitative data within the questionnaire, we use employee turnover theory to enable an understanding of the reasons 1446 of the respondents described as influencing their intentions to leave the profession. These reasons included heavy workloads, health and wellbeing concerns for teachers and the status of the profession. We also use turnover theory to analyse responses from all 2444 respondents and explore possible mitigating strategies or practices that might reduce turnover intention, including meaningful reductions in workload and raising the status of the teaching profession. In doing so, we contribute nuanced qualitative empirical insights which can inform policy and practice.
Steady-State Thermodynamics of a Cascaded Collision Model

We study the steady-state thermodynamics of a cascaded collision model where two subsystems S1 and S2 collide successively with an environment R in the cascaded fashion. We first formulate general expressions of thermodynamics quantities and identify the nonlocal forms of work and heat that result from cascaded interactions of the system with the common environment. Focusing on a concrete system of two qubits, we then show that, to be able to unidirectionally influence the thermodynamics of S2, the former interaction of S1−R should not be energy conserving. We finally demonstrate that the steady-state coherence generated in the cascaded model is a kind of useful resource in extracting work, quantified by ergotropy, from the system. Our results provide a comprehensive understanding on the thermodynamics of the cascaded model and a possible way to achieve the unidirectional control on the thermodynamics process in the steady-state regime.
Peningkatan Literasi Digital Dalam Pembuatan Bahan Ajar Multimedia

Tujuan dari penulisan ini untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi peningkatan literasi digital pembuatan bahan ajar multimedia. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan mengacu pada kebutuhan guru dalam membuat bahan ajar multimedia sesuai dengan kondisi saat ini yang sedang pandemi Covid 19. Pembelajaran daring dilakukan di tingkat sekolah PAUD sampai jenjang pendiikan tinggi. Sekolah PAUD banyak dibentuk dan didirikan oleh masyarakat dengan sumber daya manuasia (guru), sarana prasarana dan dana yang sangat terbatas, namun dalam praktiknya mereka harus mampu membuat bahan ajar yang menarik dan berbasis pada ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Populasi dari diseminasi ini adalah Satuan Padud Ssejenis (SPS) PAUD Gandaria yang berlokasi di Tegalgundil, Bogor Utara. Sasarannya adalah guru SPS PAUD Gandaria berjumlah 10 orang.Hasil identifikasi terdapat 2 orang guru yang mampu menggunakan aplikasi Microsoft Office, sementara 8 orang lainnya perlu pelatihan yang intensif. Metode pelaksanaannya pertama melakukan survei tempat, sampel, memberikan pre test sebelum pelatihan, dilanjutkan dengan post test setelah pelatihan. Target kegiatan ini adalah meningkatnya kemampuan literasi digital pada guru PAUD dalam membuat bahan ajar multimedia. Hasil dari pelatihan literasi digital, guru PAUD Gandaria dapat membuat bahan ajar yang kreatif dan inovatif dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar.
Study of Gas Holdup Distribution in Cylindrical Split Airlift Reactor by Using Gamma-Ray Densitometry (GRD)

The local gas holdup details and behaviors in the cylindrical split airlift column by using an unconventional gamma-ray densitometry (GRD) measurement in non-invasive manner technique was investigated for the first time in this work for such kind of airlift column. With different gas velocities, 1, 2, and 3 cm/s, at three various axial planes (different levels) in z = 3, 60, and 110 cm were studied for local distribution in radial gas holdup profiles. The distribution in gas–liquid phases (air-water system) in the entire split reactor column, in the rising and descending sides, including their behavior in the upper and lower zones of the split plate, were investigated as well. The results of this study showed that approximately all reactor zones had exemplary gas–liquid phases and that there was a large magnitude over both the dividing ring and the top sections. The results further indicated that the distribution of which flow variable in the implementation of the cylindrical split reactor can have an important impact on its behavior, especially for cultivating applications of microorganisms. These data can be used as benchmarks results for CFD simulations and validation.
Negotiating Identities: Understanding Highland–Coastal Interaction in the Early Intermediate Period in the Chaupiyunga of the Moche Valley, Peru

Understanding the complex relationships among social identities, long-distance exchange, and migration has long been an important issue in archaeology. In the central Andes, archaeologists have grappled with these issues to understand highland–coastal interaction. We present a case study of these relationships in the coca-growing zone of the Moche Valley (chaupiyunga zone, 200–1,200 m asl) during the Early Intermediate period (400 BC–AD 600). We focus on reconstructing the social identities of the people who lived at Cerro León, a large hill town situated astride an important access route into the chaupiyunga from the highlands. Unlike most sites in the chaupiyunga, the site is dominated by highland-style pottery. Petrographic analysis indicates that the sources of the highland-style pottery were in the adjacent highlands. Our analysis of daily domestic activities, vernacular architecture, personal adornment, and ritual practices, including burial practices, indicates that most of the residents of Cerro León were immigrants from the highlands. We argue that these immigrants produced and reproduced a distinctive highland (Culle) identity throughout the occupation of the site, which lasted 100 to 200 years. Evidence demonstrates that site residents had extensive exchange relationships with coastal Yunga communities in the lower and middle Moche Valley.
DENTAL USE OF SOME LAMIACEAE SPECIES FROM MOROCCO AND PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS BETWEEN TOTAL POLYPHENOLIC CONTENT OBTAINED BY DIFFERENT AQUEOUS EXTRACTION

Correlations between total phenolic, flavonoid and condensed tannins content with three extraction type of five lamiaceae family which is used to cure dental affections in Morocco were studied. The total phenolic contents were determined using Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric method, flavonoids using catechin standard, condensed tannins using Acidified Vanillin and anthocyanin using differential pH method. The highest total phenolic (345,20 ± 28,23 mg GAE/g d.e), total flavonoides (381,17 ± 14,11 mg CE/g d.e) and total condensed tannins (133,77 ± 8,38 mg CE/g d.e) was obtained from soxhlet extract of Origanum compactum Benth. (p < 0.0001), whereas, the highest total anthocyanin content (65.12 ± 13.53 mg EC-3-G/100g d.e) was obtained from decoction extraction of Lavandula multifida L. The correlation using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) between extraction type was very positive for infusion and soxhlet and between flavonoids and total phenols attesting that flavonoids constitute the majority of phenolic compounds.
Leakage Power Reduction by Using Sleep Methods

In CMOS circuits, the reduction of the threshold voltage due to voltage scaling leads to increase in sub threshold leakage current and hence, static power dissipation. For the most recent CMOS feature sizes (e.g., 45nm and 65nm), leakage power dissipation has become an overriding concern for VLSI circuit designers. ITRS reports that leakage power dissipation may come to dominate total power consumption (1). In the nanometer technology regime, power dissipation and process parameter variations have emerged as major design considerations. These problems continue to grow with leakage power becoming a dominant form of power consumption. Leakage power dissipation is projected to grow exponentially in the next decade according to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS). This directly affects portable battery operated devices such as cellular phones and PDAs since they have long idle times. Several techniques at circuit level and process level are used to efficiently minimize leakage current which lead to minimize the power loss and prolong the battery life in idle mode. A novel approach, named "Zigzag keeper," was proposed at circuit level for the reduction of power dissipation. Zigzag keeper incorporate the traditional zigzag approach with keeper which use the sleep transistor plus two additional transistors driven by already calculated output which retain the state of the circuit during the sleep mode while maintaining the state or state retention.
Developing, Implementing and Evaluating Training for Online Graduate Teaching Assistants Based on ADDIE Model

Graduate teaching assistants (GTAs) play an important instructional role in teaching undergrad- and graduate-level courses, yet they receive very little training. The most common form of teaching professional development to GTAs is a pre-semester workshop held at the course, department, or college level. In this study, we describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of GTA training programs using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). We used observation and interviews for data collection. ADDIE is generally used in instructional design. The results show the value of utilizing ADDIE in developing and evaluating a training program. It is intended to analyze the multi-dimensional connection of designing a training program: meeting expectations of trainees seeking to acquire skills sets as well as understanding the nuances and navigating the complex system that is needed to be successful on the job.
The Rate of and Factors Associated with Delivery by Caesarean Section among Women with Epilepsy: Time Trend in a Single-Centre Cohort in Mazovia, Poland

Data from literature suggest that the rate of caesarean section (CS) in women with epilepsy (WWE) is higher than in the general population. In Poland, there is neither a national registry nor another data set to access the outcome of pregnancy in WWE. Therefore, we address this gap by prospectively studying CS rates among 1021 WWE pregnancies at a single centre, their trends over time, and factors increasing the likelihood of the CS. To determine whether the diagnosis of epilepsy itself increased this likelihood, mixed models were used to analyse the contributions of specific variables, including the presence of seizures at different pregnancy-related timepoints. Over 20 years, the mean rate of CS in WWE was progressively growing and was higher than in the general population in Mazovia (47% vs. 32%). Generalized seizures in the third trimester increased the likelihood of CS with the highest odds (OR 4.4). The most frequent indication for a CS was obstetric (58.1%), followed by epilepsy-related (25.2%). Almost half of women who indicated epilepsy as the sole reason for CS had no seizure during pregnancy, and nearly 70% did not have generalized seizures. This suggests the overuse of epilepsy as an indication of CS and encourages defining more strict criteria.
A Systematic Literature Review on Technological Solutions to Fight Bullying and Cyberbullying in Academic Environments

Nowadays, the world is more connected than ever;the use of internet, social networks and platforms allows for people of all ages to have constant communication. During the past year, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, children and teenagers have had to spend most of their time using a technological device, for educational and recreational purposes. This constant connection has carried on several issues, one of them being cyberbullied. This is when a person intentionally and repeatedly harms another one, on a virtual environment. Even with its downside, technology has many advantages;it has allowed for children and teenagers to engage in educational communities and applications. Then, studies on bullying and the ways to fight it exist from many years prior, however, there are little literature about the technological solutions to help in the fight against cyberbullying and bullying. Therefore, the objective of this research is to perform a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) about technological solutions for education and to fight bullying and cyberbullying in children and teenagers. To perform a trustworthy, rigorous and repeatable SLR, the methodology proposed by Kitchenham was used. The presented SLR, uses studies from 2009 to 2021. To start, a group of primary studies was selected, which met the characteristics to answer the research question "What technological tools, methods and models are used to educate about bullying and cyberbullying? " The primary studies were obtained from the most used digital libraries, prominent journals, and most representative conferences in the area. In conclusion, this study provides a global vision of the state of the art in this area, which represents a helpful tool for researchers to detect weaknesses and gaps and open new horizons regarding the use and design of technology to fight bullying and cyberbullying.
The atypical pattern of irony comprehension in autistic children

Abstract Nonliteral language understanding has always been recognized as problematic in autistic individuals. We ran a study on 26 autistic children (mean age = 7.3 years) and 2 comparison groups of typically developing children, 1 matched for chronological age, and 1 of younger peers (mean age = 6.11 years) matched for linguistic abilities, aiming at assessing their understanding of ironic criticisms and compliments, and identifying the cognitive and linguistic factors that may underpin this ability. Autistic participants lagged behind the comparison groups in the comprehension of both types of irony, and their performance was related to mindreading and linguistic abilities. Significant correlations were found between first-order Theory of Mind (ToM) and both types of irony, between second-order ToM and ironic compliments, and between linguistic abilities and ironic criticisms. The autistic group displayed an interesting, and previously unattested in the literature, bimodal distribution: the great majority of them (n = 18) displayed a very poor performance in irony understanding, whereas some (n = 6) were at ceiling. We discuss these results in terms of two different profiles of autistic children.