Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radiogenic Heat Production and Heat Flow in Talca Basin (35.5°S), Central Chile

The aim of this work is to determine the influence of the Radiogenic Heat Production (RHP) of lithospheric rocks in the heat flow coming up from rock basement, beneath Talca basin, located between Coastal Range and Andean Range. The RHP is estimated based on the content of Radiogenic Heat Production Elements (RHPEs: U, Th and K) of lithologies, which compose the lithosphere beneath Talca. The concentration of RHPEs is measured in distributed Mesozoic and Cenozoic outcropping rocks, using a portable gamma ray spectrometer. The RHPEs for middle, and lower crust are estimated by extending beneath the Talca basin, the Paleozoic coastal metamorphic complex, and by inferring the presence of granulites, respectively. Physical properties of lithospheric mantle are taken from petrological and geophysical studies. The thermal structure of lithosphere is performed in a 2-D lithospheric crosssection, with a finite elements modelling of heat transfer in solids with COMSOL multiphysics. The model was performed considering the RHP as a heat source of each lithospheric unit, temperature as a thermal boundary conditions at the top and bottom of lithosphere, and its architecture, which is determined from an upper crust deformation model, and geophysical data from deeper lithospheric units. The estimated heat flow, which reaches the basin floor, from rock basement in Talca basin is 62-65 mW/m 2 .
Role of ANEKA Cloud Application Platform in growing market

The concept of cloud computing has been prevailing in minds of every people, business as well as scientific organizations. The hype of cloud is at high pace. Technology has become so advanced that most operating systems are compatible to work with cloud providers because cloud computing is based on pay per usage and market oriented policy. They provide facilities and easy accessibility to users for accessing resources in multiple environments. In this paper, various aspects of cloud computing and its applications are presented. The paper also presents pros and cons of ANEKA-one of . NET application framework to develop cloud computing platform in multiple virtual environment as well as physical environment. It is compatible with Windows and Linux both. It describes various programming models that convert applications into cloud application thus enabling ANEKA cloud infrastructure in system. ANEKA is proven to be one of scalable and reliable technologies in cloud terminology.
Cooperating for Sustainability : Experiments on Uncertainty, Conditional Cooperation and Inequality

We often cooperate in unequal and uncertain environments. Most societies have unequal distribution of resources and face constant risk for disasters or unexpected events that lead to loss of resources. For example, we see an increase in wealth inequality within both affluent and developing countries, which similarly experience increased disasters. What is not clear is if cooperation can persist with resource disparities and risk for repeated disasters. This study experimentally explores this query by introducing stochastic shocks and heterogeneous endowments to a threshold public goods game. Participants receive endowments and decide how much to keep for themselves and give to the group, but losses can randomly happen if group contributions are below a threshold level. The findings reveal that compared to a control setting, cooperation remains the same with inequality; higher with uncertainty; and the effect of uncertainty is stronger than inequality. In most cases, the poor relatively gives more than the rich, but it can happen that a fair share of cost distribution can arise. The experiments were conducted in South Africa and Sweden, countries with contrasting social class and income structures.
Effect of Melia azedarach on The Reproductive Efficiency in Female Rabbits

Various types of contraceptives were developed. These contraceptives are prepared from natural as well as synthetic sources. The study was conducted on 15 mature adult females, and males of rabbits.10 from each female and male rabbits were treated with Melia azedarach in powder form at a dose rate of 6 g / kg b.wt. Orally mixed with feed daily for 53days, the remaining 5 from each of female and male rabbits remain non treated. In 28 day post exposure to Melia; the animals were divided into 3 groups. Group I represented females non treated with plant crossed with treated males. Group II represented treated females crossed with non treated males. Group III represented non treated females crossed with non treated males. The mixing continued for 10 days. All females were examined for pregnancy by sonar weekly. At 56 day post treatment with plant 3 females from each group were killed, while others 2 female rabbits were left till birth. Size, weight and characters of naturally birthed fetuses and those found during explore the uterine horns of killed rabbits were fixed. Other dependent parameters in this study were hematological and some of constituents of serum. The results of the study revealed a non significant decrease in body weight, body temperature, heart rates, respiratory rate, clotting time and bleeding time. Erythrocytes counts, PCV, MCV values were not significantly increased in treated group, while in non treated group these were not significantly decreased. Hb, MCH, MCHC were not significantly changed in both groups. Total leucocytes count in treated group were decreased, whilst increased in non treated group. Heterophils% were decreased in treated group. Lymphocytes percentage in treated group were increased, on other hand monocytes, eosinophil and basophils percentages did not show any significant Effect of Melia azedarach on The Reproductive Efficiency in Female Rabbits Mayada Nazar Al-Khafaji 86 Vol: 13 No:1 , January 2017 DOI : http://dx.doi. org/10.24237/djps.1301. 73A P-ISSN: 2222-8373 E-ISSN: 2518-9255 changes. The results revealed that infertility index was 0, 20 and 100% in group I, II and III respectively. Significant decrease in numbers, body weight, body length and width of skull of fetuses from females treated with extract of Melia, and those crossed with treated male in comparison with those of non treated females and males. The results revealed that treatment with Melia extract for 53 days did not affect the length of pregnancy in female treated with Melia extract. The results revealed that levels of ALT, AST and AP were higher in treated females in comparison with those of non treated rabbits. Values of FSH, LH, Prolactin and testosterone were less than normal levels,
Soil aggregation, erodibility, and erosion rates in mountain soils (NW Alps, Italy)

Abstract. Erosion is a relevant soil degradation factor in mountain agrosilvopastoral ecosystems that can be enhanced by the abandonment of agricultural land and pastures left to natural evolution. The on-site and off-site consequences of soil erosion at the catchment and landscape scale are particularly relevant and may affect settlements at the interface with mountain ecosystems. RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) estimates of soil erosion consider, among others, the soil erodibility factor (K), which depends on properties involved in structure and aggregation. A relationship between soil erodibility and aggregation should therefore be expected. However, erosion may limit the development of soil structure; hence aggregates should not only be related to erodibility but also partially mirror soil erosion rates. The aim of the research was to evaluate the agreement between aggregate stability and erosion-related variables and to discuss the possible reasons for discrepancies in the two kinds of land use considered (forest and pasture). Topsoil horizons were sampled in a mountain catchment under two vegetation covers (pasture vs. forest) and analyzed for total organic carbon, total extractable carbon, pH, and texture. Soil erodibility was computed, RUSLE erosion rate was estimated, and aggregate stability was determined by wet sieving. Aggregation and RUSLE-related parameters for the two vegetation covers were investigated through statistical tests such as ANOVA, correlation, and regression. Soil erodibility was in agreement with the aggregate stability parameters; i.e., the most erodible soils in terms of K values also displayed weaker aggregation. Despite this general observation, when estimating K from aggregate losses the ANOVA conducted on the regression residuals showed land-use-dependent trends (negative average residuals for forest soils, positive for pastures). Therefore, soil aggregation seemed to mirror the actual topsoil conditions better than soil erodibility. Several hypotheses for this behavior were discussed. A relevant effect of the physical protection of the organic matter by the aggregates that cannot be considered in $K$ computation was finally hypothesized in the case of pastures, while in forests soil erodibility seemed to keep trace of past erosion and depletion of finer particles. A good relationship between RUSLE soil erosion rates and aggregate stability occurred in pastures, while no relationship was visible in forests. Therefore, soil aggregation seemed to capture aspects of actual vulnerability that are not visible through the erodibility estimate. Considering the relevance and extension of agrosilvopastoral ecosystems partly left to natural colonization, further studies on litter and humus protective action might improve the understanding of the relationship among erosion, erodibility, and structure.
The Role of the Mean State in Meridional Mode Structure and Growth

AbstractThis study uses a simple linear coupled model to investigate the role of the WES feedback and ITCZ mean states in meridional mode variability. Optimal structures that maximize transient growth are calculated for mean states characteristic of boreal spring and boreal fall in the tropical Atlantic. During boreal spring the leading optimal structure is a zonal mode that propagates westward and does not resemble the observed meridional mode. In contrast, the leading optimal structure during fall is a sea surface temperature (SST) monopole over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) that propagates equatorward and westward and that closely matches meridional mode variability during this season. It is found that the boreal fall optimal growth greatly exceeds growth of the corresponding optimal during boreal spring, despite the observed boreal spring peak in Atlantic meridional mode variance.Sensitivity studies are used to explore the role of Northern or Southern Hemisphere initial conditions, ITCZ width, and ITCZ.
Do Bilateral Investment Treaties Deliver the Goods? Evidence from Developing Countries.

Bilateral investment treaties (BITs), signed by developing countries explicitly state the objective of promoting foreign direct investment (FDI). The rapid increase in the number of BITs and the concurrent increase in worldwide flows of FDI between 1980 and 2003 suggest that BITs are an effective strategy toward this goal. Recent studies provide some empirical support for this link. However, FDI flows into specific countries from 1980 to 2003 reveals the puzzling behavior for flows to increase soon after country starts signing BITs, followed by fluctuations with either a downward trend or no noticeable trend at all. Our main contribution is to explain this behavior by explicitly incorporating the impact of treaty violations, as evidenced by treaty disputes arbitrated by the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes, on FDI flows. We find that while BITs are effective in attracting investment, disputes tend to decrease future investment flows.
Directed Generosity and Network Formation: Network Dimension Matters

We explore network effects on generosity for different network dimensions. To this end we elicit multiple network dimensions (friendship, social support, economic exchange, etc.) in a rural village in the Southern hemisphere and measure generosity with a sequence of dictator games conducted in the field. We find that networks of different dimensions differ substantially in density, clustering, and centrality. When relating generosity to networks we observe that social distance only matters for friendship ties but that structural network variables are important in all network dimensions. Importantly, these effects are not invariant across different network dimensions. We also find that individual characteristics are unrelated with generosity per se but that they have strong explanatory power for network formation.
Do developing countries enjoy latecomers’ advantages in environmental management and technology? — analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve

Developing countries are under pressure to deal with a variety of environmental problems, such as industrial pollution, urban environmental issues, the deterioration of ecosystems, and global warming, while they are expected to simultaneously achieve high economic growth. In this context, they urgently need to leapfrog over environmental difficulties through progressive environmental management and technology by utilizing their “latecomers’ advantages” to the maximum extent possible. By utilizing the analytical framework of the environmental Kuznets curve (EK curve), this study examines whether or not developing countries actually enjoy latecomers’ advantages in environmental management and technology, depending on their stages of development. The study’s main findings are as follows: (1) regional analysis focusing on selected East Asian countries shows that both the EK curve trajectories and observed facts are generally consistent with the hypothesis that developing countries do enjoy latecomers’ advantages; and (2) a regression analysis using cross-sectional data provides significant confirmation of the existence of latecomers’ advantages for addressing the well known environmental problem of sulfur emissions.
Using a Robust layered parser to analyse technical manual text

En este articulo se describe un experimento en el que se utilizo un analizador sintactico robusto, desarrollado por el propio autor, para analizar una serie de oraciones extraidas de un manual de instrucciones de un programa informatico. El analizador escanea el texto de forma repetida, generando cada vez estructuras sintacticas diferentes. A su vez, se detallan el algoritmo de analisis sintactico, la implementacion de la gramatica, la preparacion y seleccion de materiales y el metodo de evaluacion. Los resultados apuntan a que el rendimiento del analizador puede optimizarse adaptando la gramatica a los diversos dominios linguisticos.
Place of Labor and Labor Theory in Tugan Baranovsky's Theoretical System

Mikhail Ivanovich Tugan-Baranovsky (1865-1919) was one of the pleiade of Russian (Ukrainian) fin-de-siecle economists who made a significant impact not only on Russian but also on world economic and social thought. In the late 1890s, Tugan elaborated a personal vision of the development of capitalism, diversity of economic forms, and a personal model of socialism. Seeking the theoretical basis of specific economic forms, he constructed a theoretical system that united labor theory with marginal utility theory. After presenting the principles of Tugan’s synthesis of labor and marginal utility as value factors and Bukharin’s critique of the same, I present some of Tugan’s ideas on the significance and role of labor, wages, and distribution and exploitation. A number of insights broadly accepted by modern economic theory, such as those on asymmetry of information, transaction cost, and institutional evolution, may be discovered in Tugan’s book on cooperatives. Despite the general coherence of Tugan’ s social theory, which extends from the synthesis of labor theory and utility to the concrete forms of present capitalist economic activities and ideal societies of future, his synthesis has a number of unresolved issues and inner inconsistencies that raise numerous questions and good opportunities for future researchers.
A multimodal method for liquid sloshing in a two-dimensional circular tank

Two-dimensional forced liquid sloshing in a circular tank is studied by the multimodal method which uses an expansion in terms of the natural modes of free oscillations in the unforced tank. Incompressible inviscid liquid, irrotational flow and linear free-surface conditions are assumed. Accurate natural sloshing modes are constructed in an analytical form. Based on these modes, the ‘multimodal’ velocity potential of both steady-state and transient forced liquid motions exactly satisfies the body-boundary condition, captures the corner-point behaviour between the mean free surface and the tank wall and accurately approximates the free-surface conditions. The constructed multimodal solution provides an accurate description of the linear forced liquid sloshing. Surface wave elevations and hydrodynamic loads are compared with known experimental and nonlinear computational fluid dynamics results. The linear multimodal sloshing solution demonstrates good agreement in transient conditions of small duration, but fails in steady-state nearly-resonant conditions. Importance of the free-surface nonlinearity with increasing tank filling is explained.
Balanced harvest: utopia, failure, or a functional strategy?

Jeppe Kolding1,2*, Serge M. Garcia2, Shijie Zhou3, and Mikko Heino1,4 Department of Biology and Hjort Centre for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, Bergen N-5020, Norway IUCN Commission of Ecosystem Management, Fisheries Expert Group (IUCN-CEM-FEG), Gland, Switzerland CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia Institute of Marine Research and Hjort Centre for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, PO Box 1870 Nordnes, Bergen NO-5817, Norway *Corresponding author: tel: +47 47409902; e-mail: jeppe.kolding@bio.uib. no
Choices and Decisions of Computer Users

This chapter focuses on cases, like these, where a user can choose among two or more options, none of which is correct or incorrect but one of which can be preferred to the others. The term preferential choice will be used to distinguish this situation from nonpreferential choices that concern the correct way to operate a system, such as “Which of these unfamiliar icons do I have to click on to send off my email message? ” We will use the terms choice and decision, together and in alternation, to do justice to the variety of forms that the processes in question can take. Decision suggests a thorough, effortful process, while choice suggests a quick selection that may be based, for example, on habit. Both types of process occur in computer users, often with regard to the same set of options.
Application of Wavelet Thresholding Filter to Improve Multi-Step Ahead Prediction Model for Hydraulic System

Proper operation of a hydraulic system used in a fatigue test machine (FTM) is crucial. This is because a fatigue test may take well over hours and is not necessarily supervised. Any system failure may result in specimen destruction or experiment failure. In this study experimental data is collected and analyzed to prognoses the hydraulic system. Prognosis may be used to set an alarm level when the predicted values of failure fall within the warning region. This paper presents an approach to predict the operating conditions of a hydraulic system a few increments ahead in time, otherwise known as multi-step ahead (MS). The approach is further validated using experimental data. To do this, applied force on standard aluminum specimen is recorded in time series. Wavelet soft thresholding is used to filter and reduce the effect of noise and sharp edges in the measured applied force data (time series). Embedding dimension and time delay are determined using Cao's method and auto mutual information (AMI) technique, respectively. These values are subsequently utilized as inputs for constructing prediction models to forecast the future values of the machines’ operating conditions. The results show that the neural network (NN) prediction model can track the change in machine conditions and has the potential to be used as a machine fault prognosis tool.
Exploring pictorial representations in rational numbers: Struggles of a prospective teacher

We aim to identify the knowledge that a prospective teacher, Maria, uses in practice, focusing on her struggles and what she learned from her practical experience teaching rational number multiplication. Data was collected from lesson plans, observations, written reflections and semi-structured interviews. Maria developed her knowledge for teaching when anticipating solutions and errors and selecting representations. Reflecting on her practice, she realised that she was able to solve some tasks with symbolic procedures but could not represent them pictorially.
Heuristic Support Vector Classification for Categorical Data

The Support Vector Classification (SVC) algorithm is a learning machine intended to solve the classification problem, which in the context of spatially-distributed data is the problem of assigning a single category (e.g. facies or rock types) to unsampled locations based on a limited set of observed data. The SVC response is determined by a pair of parameters (P, γ) that must be simultaneously selected by the user. The task of selecting the “best” pair (P, γ) is often made using cross-validation. This report proposes a novel and easy-to-implement technique to select a pair of SVC parameters that produce a response with good generalization ability, correct classification of all the observed data, and good reproduction of the global proportions.
Experiments on Embodied Cognition: A Bio-Inspired Approach for Robust Biped Locomotion

Recently, the psychological point of view that grants the body a more significant role in cognition has also gained attention in artificial intelligence. Proponents of this approach would claim that instead of a ‘mind that works on abstract problems’ we have to deal with and understand ‘a body that needs a mind to make it function’ (Wilson, 2002). These ideas differ quite radically from the traditional approach that describes a cognitive process as an abstract information processing task where the real physical connections to the outside world are of only sub-critical importance, sometimes discarded as mere ‘informational encapsulated plug-ins’ (Fodor, 1983). Thus most theories in cognitive psychology have tried to describe the process of human thinking in terms of propositional knowledge. At the same time, artificial intelligence research has been dominated by methods of abstract symbolic processing, even if researchers often used robotic systems to implement them (Nilsson, 1984). Ignoring sensor-motor influences on cognitive ability is in sharp contrast to research by William James (James, 1890) and others (see (Prinz, 1987) for a review) that describe theories of cognition based on motor acts, or a theory of cognitive function emerging from seminal research on sensor-motor abilities by Jean Piaget (Wilson, 2002) and the theory of affordances by (Gibson, 1977). In the 1980s the linguist Lakoff and the philosopher Johnson (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980) put forward the idea of abstract concepts based on metaphors for bodily, physical concepts; around the same time, Brooks (Brooks, 1986) made a major impact on artificial intelligence research by his concepts of behavior based robotics and interaction with the environment without internal representation instead of the sensereason-act cycle. This approach has gained wide attention ever since and there appears to be a growing sense of commitment to the idea that cognitive ability in a system (natural or artificial) has to be studied in the context of its relation to a ‘kinematically competent’ physical body. Among the most competent (in a multi functional sense) physical bodies around are certainly humans, so the study of humanoid robots appears to be a promising field for