Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cow claws on concrete slats in the waiting area in a dairy barn estimated by use of Image analysis

Slatted concrete floors are commonly used in dairy barns for aisles, feeding and waiting areas. Maximum slot opening in Sweden is 35 mm with a maximum of 28% opening area for adult cattle in order to provide the adequate claw support. The construction of the slats has to consider this together with the length of the slats and the load from the weight of the animals on the slats. Presently, the dimension of the load strength of slats is based on assumptions and experience. An alternative approach is to estimate the true load of the animals on the slats by observation of animal distribution on slatted floors. The purpose of this study was to investigate possibilities of using machine learning algorithms and image analysis for assessing actual distribution of animals in the areas of interest and maximal weight load per slat element per unit of time. Images for the study were acquired from three surveillance cameras placed in the ceiling above the common waiting area (size 6x18 m) with entrances to four automatic milking systems (AMS). Then images were used to train a convolutional neural net classifier to detect and locate the cows in the images. Then, a probability distribution of where the claws might be located was constructed. By using this distribution in a Monte Carlo simulation, a probability distribution of the number of claws on each slat could be estimated, and from that, a worst-case estimate of the actual weight load was constructed. Results indicate that the 95% percentile number of claws on 160 mm wide slat area (slat width including the opening) was estimated to 3.03 and on a 560 mm slat area width was 5.63. Cows mounting was found in 7 of 9215 (0.2 %) examined pictures. The method proposed in this report was promising and for this purpose and could be used for practical assessment of animal distribution and loading and thus be a part of the dimensioning of construction.
Physico-chemical and sensory evaluation: a case study of the products prepared in Pakistan mineral water and bottling plant, Swabi.

Beverage intake has become one of the most important parts of our daily life. Most of the liquid requirements are being fulfilled by soft drinks. It has the following phases of production, compounding of ingredients, water treatment, bottle washing, syrup mixing and quality control. This study is related with the carbonated soft drinks being prepared in Pakistan Mineral Water Bottling Plant Gadoon Swabi. Specific standards were there to maintain the quality of the products including different zones for water treatment passing through raw water for the removal of alkalinities and hardness of water. First step of water treatment taking place in reaction tank followed by chemical addition at a specific ratio and then the water is allowed to pass through the buffer tank. Sand filter is used to remove the suspended particles and the water is then allowed to pass through the carbon tank where the carbon in the tank remove the chlorine from water and passed the water to the polisher. In the polisher the spools are present from which the water is filtered. And finally water is passed from the Ultra Violet rays to minimize any microbial activity and then the treated water has been passed to syrup room for preparation of the syrup for different products. Storage tank has the function to check the brix value of the solution and then the concentrates are added at a specific ratio i.e. citric acid, sodium benzoate and sodium citrate. Carbo-cooler is used to cool and dilute the syrup. Liquid ammonia is used for cooling purpose and carbon dioxide is also added in carbo cooler. Before filling, capping and coding of the packages are made as per recommended standards.
Hybrid Taguchi DNA Swarm Intelligence for Optimal Inverse Kinematics Redundancy Resolution of Six-DOF Humanoid Robot Arms

This paper presents a hybrid Taguchi deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) swarm intelligence for solving the inverse kinematics redundancy problem of six degree-of-freedom (DOF) humanoid robot arms. The inverse kinematics problem of the multi-DOF humanoid robot arm is redundant and has no general closed-form solutions or analytical solutions. The optimal joint configurations are obtained by minimizing the predefined performance index in DNA algorithm for real-world humanoid robotics application. The Taguchi method is employed to determine the DNA parameters to search for the joint solutions of the six-DOF robot arms more efficiently. This approach circumvents the disadvantage of time-consuming tuning procedure in conventional DNA computing. Simulation results are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness and merit of the proposed methods. This Taguchi-based DNA (TDNA) solver outperforms the conventional solvers, such as geometric solver, Jacobian-based solver, genetic algorithm (GA) solver and ant, colony optimization (ACO) solver.
Research of sound absorption characteristics for the periodically porous structure and its application in automobile

The paper researches sound absorption characteristics of a periodically porous structure by combing transfer matrix method and a standing wave tube experiment. It is shown in results that the sound absorption effect of the periodical structure is better than that of a single-layer porous structure with the same thickness in the range of the low-frequency band. In addition, for the periodical structure with the same thickness, the sound absorption effect will not continuously increase along with the period number increase, and there is an optimal period number. In order to verify the actual sound absorption effect of the periodically porous structure, the paper tries to apply the structure in an automobile. Modal experiment is conducted to the automobile body, and the experimental results are compared with the simulated results. The relative errors are controlled within 5 % which is the critical value in engineering, and it indicates that the finite element model is reliable and can be used in the subsequent acoustic calculation. It is found in panel contribution analysis that noise in automobile is seriously influenced by the roof. Therefore, the periodically porous structure and a single-layer porous structure with the same thickness are applied to the roof panel. It is shown that the periodically porous structure has a more prominent sound absorption effect when it is compared with that of the other structures. This research also lays a foundation for broadening this application in the other structures.
Compressive Power Spectrum Estimation: Further study on Non Uniform sampling and Parametric Approach

In the recent development of wireless communication several applications, such as spectrum sensing for cognitive radio are only interested in the power spectrum. These applications do not require the reconstruction of the original analog signal. According to the Whittaker-Kotelnikov-Shannon-Nyquist theorem, the sampling rate must be at least twice the maximum frequency present in the signal if we want to recover the signal from its samples. If we estimate the power spectrum directly by using a high-rate analog-to-digital converter, we will find that such high-rate ADCs consume a large amount of power because of its high sampling rate. To reduce the burden on the ADCs, we investigate compressive power spectrum sensing. Since the power spectrum is calculated based on the autocorrelations of the signal, we do not need to recover the signals. This allows a reduction of the sampling rate compared with the Nyquist rate while maintaining perfect power spectrum reconstruction. In this thesis, we study power spectrum estimation of a wide-sense stationary signal. In general, the signal, whose power spectrum is to be estimated, is sampled by multi-coset sampling. The parametric method to estimate the power spectrum of the signal is also evaluated and the study of the performance of non-uniform sampling is explored as well.
EFFECTS OF ANALYST CONSENSUS RECOMMENDATIONS ABOUT STOCK PRICES: A STUDY IN THE BRAZILIAN MARKET

Objective: This article investigated whether disclosure of financial analysts’ recommendations affects equally stocks traded on the São Paulo Stock Market. Background: Rational investors, when making their decisions, consider countless information. Some of these are made by financial analysts, whom play a critical role on the volatility of asset prices. This phenomenon was observed by Stickel (1995) and Womack (1996). However, the Efficient Market Hypothesis safeguards a distinct thought. it endorses that no investor, appropriating information, is able to achieve surplus gains. Thus, the non-consensus of the empirical works puts this issue as a theoretical axis still under construction in the literature. Method: The methodological procedures used was based on the study of the event, including the analysis of a set of eighteen stocks traded in the Brazilian market. Results: Among the findings, an inconsistent behavior was observed between the average gains provided by the assets and the opinions issued by the experts. after the date a change in the recomendation occured. , the average abnormal daily returns were predominantly negative whereas analysts’ orientations pointed to the purchase of assets. This trend was maintained in the analyzes developed from the windows (3, 7 and 11 days) and the average daily returns per stock. However, it was found that the largest fraction of the abnormal returns were not significant. There was support for the hypothesis that the Brazilian stock market manifests itself in a similar way after the disclosure of consensual recommendations by analysts. Contributions: Academic insights allow us to expand the discussion about how asset prices position themselves after the disclosure of expert information.This provides subsidies on what data investors should consider in the acts of investment decisions. keywords: Consensus recommendations. Abnormal returns. Brazilian market. 1 Article received on: 08/21/2017. Reviewed by pairs on: 11/29/2017. Reformulated on: 12/03/2018. Recommended for publication in: 12/13/2018 by Luiz Felipe de Araújo Pontes Girão (Editor in chief). Published: 02/07/2018. Organization responsible for the journal: UFPB. 2 Address: BR-110, s/n Alto da Tubiba, Patos PB, 58700-000 DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.18405/recfin20180201
Acts of Writing: A Compilation of Six Models that Define the Processes of Writing

Writing is a developmental and flexible process. Using a prescribed process for acts of writing during instruction does not take into account individual differences of writers and generates writing instruction that is narrow, rigid, and inflexible. Preservice teachers receive limited training with theory and pedagogy for writing, which potentially leads to poor pedagogical practices with writing instruction among practicing teachers. The purpose of this article was to provide teacher educators, preservice teachers and practicing teachers of writing with a knowledge base of historical research and models that define and describe processes involved during the acts of writing.
Analysis of supersonic ejector operation : experimental validation and two-phase aspects

This paper deals with comparisons between CFD and experiments for a supersonic ejector. We present good results in terms of entrainment prediction compared to home-made experimental data for an air ejector. Over the whole range of operating conditions, the deviation is below 10% for the k e model. In addition, a first attempt to tackle two-phase aspects was also performe d experimentally and by simulations.
Caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from the Gulf of Mexico, with observations on Deutella mayeri, redescription of Metaprotella hummelincki, a taxonomic key and zoogeographical comments

Seventeen species of caprellid amphipods have been recorded so far in the Gulf of Mexico. New distributional and habitat data are included for 12 species. Pseudaeginella biscaynensis has been recorded again in the Gulf of Mexico for the first time since it was originally described 45 years ago. New morphological information based on the development of Deutella mayeri and a redescription of Metaprotella hummelincki are also provided, along with a key for species identification and zoogeographical comments at the regional and global scales.
The Basic Elements of a Systematic Theory of Ethnic Relations

The theory of ethnic relations has developed ad hoc on an interdisciplinary basis. It has dealt with ethnicity in small communities, larger ethnic groups or “ethnies”, ethnic nations, modernising nation states, subordinate nationalisms, the establishment of empires, post- imperial situations, transnational migrant communities and the political problems facing modernising nation states in dealing both with subordinate nationalisms and with migrant ethnic minorities. This paper seeks to deal with these various elements in an interconnected and systematic way setting out the nature of communities, small-scale self contained communities, the enlargement of these communities to form ethnic nations and the relationship between these and the institutions of the modernising nation state. It also seeks however to deal with what I call “The second project of ethnicity” which is migration and finally goes on to look at the complex problems of multi-nationality and multiculturalism in modern nation states
Effects of Three Different Lighting Programs on Live Weight Change of Bronze Turkeys under Semi-Intensive Conditions

Abstract. A study was conducted to evaluate the influence of three lighting programs (23L: 1D), (18L: 6D), and (12L: 12D) on live weight changes of American Bronze turkeys by Profile analysis technique. The F-statistics and Wilk’s Lamba statistics for testing group-response interaction or similar profiles suggested that there was a significant interaction effect (p
Effects of Human Capital on Farm and Non-Farm Productivity and Occupational Stratification in Rural Pakistan

This paper investigates the effects of human capital on productivity using micro panel data of rural households in the NorthWest Frontier Province, Pakistan, where a substantial job stratification is observed in terms of income and education. To clarify the mechanism underlying this stratification, the human capital effects are estimated for wages(individual level) and for self-employed activities(household level), and for farm and non-farm sectors. Estimation results show a clear contrast between farm and non-farm sectors - wages and productivity in non-farm activities rise with education at an increasing rate, whereas those in agriculture respond only to the primary education.
The Oh No! Syndrome: Understanding the Negative Reactions of Undergraduates toward Foreign Teaching Assistants.

The concept of technology transfer (the application of knowledge) and E. M. Rogers and D. K. Bhowmik's (1970) heterophily-homophily distinction is used to help better understand and offer ways to deal with the negative reactions of undergraduates toward foreign teaching assistants (TAs) in U.S. universities. While it is important for foreign TAs to work harder to improve their English language proficiency and teaching skills, this paper focuses more on the role undergraduates can play in improving the situation. This is done for two reasons: (1) given the increasing interdependence among countries today, undergraduates will benefit by improving their intercultural sensitivity by taking steps today for a more fruitful tomorrow; and (2) there are a number of programs focused toward helping foreign TAs and very few aimed at preparing undergraduates to take classes from foreign TAs. (A figure is included; 19 references and an appendix of "Michigan State Bill No. 518" are attached.) (Author/NKA) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************
English as an International Language: A Review of the Literature

This article critically reviews and discusses English as an International Language (EIL) as an alternative to the traditional models of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) and English as a Second Language (ESL). The author suggests that the model of EIL is an alternative worthdiscussing in the Colombian context. The article is divided into four different sections: a) EIL, ownership of English and native-speakerism, b) attitudes towards EIL, c) EIL described: What does it look like? and d) EIL and English teaching. The review of the literature evidences that there are still many heated debates on the sociocultural aspect of EIL, that one of the greatest challenges of EIL is the attitudes of English teachers and speakers towards the use and legitimization of non-standard varieties, that there is still much to be done in terms of the description of EIL and that adopting an EIL perspective would imply transforming the ways English is taught. The article concludes with an invitation to the ELT community to initiate the discussion of the potential application of EIL in the Colombian context.
Spectral Measures of Uncertain Risk

A key issue in uncertain risk analysis is how to pro- vide risk measures. In this article we present the spectral mea- sure of risk in an uncertain environment which is described by uncertain variable. Firstly, we introduce the concept of spec- tral measure of risk and harmonious measure of risk based on uncertainty theory. Then, some fundamental properties of the proposed spectral measure of risk are investigated. It is proved that the proposed spectral measure of risk is a harmo- nious measure of risk. Finally, some numerical examples are illustrated.
Asset Returns with Self-Exciting Jumps: Option Pricing and Estimation with a Continuum of Moments

We propose an option pricing model with a self-exciting jump component inducing jump clustering, a phenomenon that is empirically relevant when nancial markets are in turmoil. We develop a procedure to lter out the latent state variables of the model from a panel of option prices and estimate the model parameters via the generalized method of moments. We employ a continuum of moment conditions derived from the model’s conditional characteristic function and prove that, under natural assumptions, this estimation approach is consistent. Monte Carlo simulations show that our estimation procedure has good performance in nite samples. Based on a long time-series of S&P 500 options prices, we nd strong evidence of self-excitation. The in-sample and out-of-sample option pricing performance of our model with self-exciting jumps is superior to that of alternative models with (possibly) time-varying jump intensity specications.
Transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade

O transtorno de deficit de atencao e hiperatividade (TDAH) e um transtorno neurobiologico de causas geneticas, que aparece na infância e pode acompanhar o individuo ate a fase adulta. Caracteriza-se por sintomas padronizados de impulsividade, desatencao e inquietude e geralmente e identificado por pais e professores por trazer grande prejuizo tanto em âmbito escolar como no âmbito social1. O transtorno e normalmente encontrado em familias onde ja existam outros com o disturbio2 e, quando nao ha remissao total dos sintomas, pode estar associado ou levar ao desenvolvimento de comorbidades como transtorno opositor desafiador (TOD), transtorno de conduta (TC), depressao, transtorno de ansiedade e uso e abuso de substâncias ilicitas3.
SLAM using camera and IMU sensors.

Visual simultaneous localization and mapping (VSLAM) is the problem of using video input to reconstruct the 3D world and the path of the camera in an 'on-line' manner. Since the data is processed in real time, one does not have access to all of the data at once. (Contrast this with structure from motion (SFM), which is usually formulated as an 'off-line' process on all the data seen, and is not time dependent. ) A VSLAM solution is useful for mobile robot navigation or as an assistant for humans exploring an unknown environment. This report documents the design and implementation of a VSLAM system that consists of a small inertial measurement unit (IMU) and camera. The approach is based on a modified Extended Kalman Filter. This research was performed under a Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) effort.
Calculation of Changes in Radiation Exposure due to Prostate Displacement in Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy

Background : Limited studies are available on the calculation of radiation exposure and its associated risks for people in contact with patients who have been treated with permanent prostate brachytherapy. In this study the changes in the radiation exposure were calculated in different stages of the bladder fullness in prostate seed brachytherapy. Methods :Magnetic resonance images of three patients with full and empty bladders and different prostate sizes (32-71 mL; mean 54.6 mL) were used for Monte-Carlo dose calculations. Dose rate to skin for each patient was calculated using MCNP4c, MCNPX. Results : There were no significant differences between dose distribution in the skin relative to the changes in the prostate position due to bladder filling (P=0.05). Conclusion : Our results showed a negligible change in radiation exposure around the patient due to prostate displacement after bladder filling.
The Globalization of Service Work: Comparative Institutional Perspectives on Call Centers

This introduction to the special issue on the globalization of service work provides an overview of the call center sector and its development in coordinated, liberal market, and emerging market economies. The introduction's authors situate this research in literature on the comparative political economy and industrial relations. Drawing on qualitative research and a unique survey of 2,500 establishments in 17 countries conducted in 2003–2006, they discuss the extent of convergence and divergence in management practices and employment relations. They also describe the research methodology for the overall research project, highlight its major findings, and summarize the contributions of the thematic papers covering several topics: unions' role in shaping the quality of jobs; the factors that influence wage levels and wage inequality; the uses of contingent employment and their outcomes; the relationships among strategic human resource management, work design, and organizational outcomes; and the relationships among technology, selection, and training.
Communities of Support

Support groups play an essential role in the ongoing care of health sufferers, and have proved their value over the years. However, support groups have also proved to be somewhat unstable, often relying on the involvement of one particular person. Similarly, traditional face-to-face have necessarily been geographically constrained and meet only occasionally, at specific times and in specific places. All of these factors restrict the reach of these groups.