Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of alcohol use disorder in young Swiss men: the influence of retrospectively perceived parenting profiles

Abstract This four-wave longitudinal study aimed to examine the associations between retrospectively perceived parenting profiles in adolescence and the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD) throughout emerging adulthood. The cohort consisted of 190 young Swiss men who completed retrospective reports of parenting at baseline and a short AUD self-report screening tool at four measurement times (mean age at baseline = 20.18; Time 1: 21.52; Time 2: 25.61; Time 3: 26.99). Latent profile analysis revealed three parenting profiles in adolescence based on retrospective measures of parenting styles and practices: Optimal (the highest levels of involvement, structure and knowledge; 69%), Uninformed (high levels of involvement, moderate levels of structure and the lowest levels of knowledge; 17%), Low Support (the lowest levels of involvement, moderate levels of structure and knowledge; 14%). Using latent growth curve analysis, we found that young men in the Low Support profile experienced a greater increase in AUD severity compared with those in the Uninformed and Optimal profiles. Young men in the Uninformed profile reported higher levels of AUD severity at baseline than those in the Optimal profile. These findings highlight the associations between retrospectively perceived parenting profiles during adolescence and the development of AUD during emerging adulthood.
Advances in mineral processing material balances

Abstract Because calculation of mineral processing material balances has changed little over the past 50 years, valuable data are being wasted since they are not used in the balance calculations. Also, balances made using only selected fragments of the data are usually not the best indications of what is happening in the process.Two techniques which can improve this situation are reviewed. Both recognize that process measurements are subject to random errors and use estimates of measurement variability in calculating stream weights.The first technique uses the precision for individual calculated weight splits to obtain minimum variance estimates of stream weights. The second uses a least squares-data adjustment computer program for calculating the process stream weights which minimizes adjustments necessary in chemical and physical analyses and flow measurements to obtain a completely consistent set of adjusted data. Resume On montre comment, en traitant des minerais, les anciennes formules simples de bil.
Virtue after Foucault: On refuge and integration in Western Europe

I suggest that virtue ethics can learn from Foucault’s critical observations on biopolitics and governmentality, which identify how a good cannot be disassociated from power and freedom. I chart a way through which virtue ethics internalizes this critical point. I argue that this helps address concerns that both virtue ethics and the critical scholarship inspired by Foucault otherwise ignore. I apply virtue ethics to the contexts of refugee arrival, asylum procedure, and immigrant integration in Western Europe; I then see how Foucault’s critical thought provides a counterpoint to virtue ethics; I finally analyze how incorporating that critique allows virtue ethics to make sense of both the context and the stakes involved.
Dual-Stage Picolinic Acid-Derived Inhibitors of Toxoplasma gondii.

Toxoplasma gondii causes a prevalent human infection for which only the acute stage has an FDA-approved therapy. To find inhibitors of both the acute stage parasites and the persistent cyst stage that causes a chronic infection, we repurposed a compound library containing known inhibitors of parasitic hexokinase, the first step in the glycolysis pathway, along with a larger collection of new structural derivatives. The focused screen of 22 compounds showed a 77% hit rate (>50% multistage inhibition) and revealed a series of aminobenzamide-linked picolinic acids with submicromolar potency against both T. gondii parasite forms. Picolinic acid 23, designed from an antiparasitic benzamidobenzoic acid class with challenging ADME properties, showed 60-fold-enhanced solubility, a moderate LogD7.4, and a 30% improvement in microsomal stability. Furthermore, isotopically labeled glucose tracing revealed that picolinic acid 23 does not function by hexokinase inhibition. Thus, we report a new probe scaffold to interrogate dual-stage inhibition of T. gondii.
Anomalous transport due to large coherent structures in a magnetized toroidal plasma

Anomalous transport due to large coherent structures, or coherent events, is studied experimentally in a magnetized toroidal discharge plasma. The present analysis emphasizes anomalous plasma losses as well as transport of electron thermal energy density across magnetic field lines. The experiment was carried out in the Blaamann device at the University of Tromsø. The diagnostics are based on data for potential, density and electron temperature variations as detected by Langmuir probes. Most of the data analysis uses conditional sampling. The flux of thermal energy density can be broken down into several components which are analyzed separately. Experimental means for obtaining the space-time variation of the complete polarization drifts are demonstrated, and the results compared with the fluctuating E×B0/B02 -velocities. For the present conditions these polarization drifts contribute only little to the plasma losses, but for other discharge parameters in heavier gases they can be important. Our results show that while the density, the potential and the electric field variations are dominated by large scales, the vorticity of the E×B0/B02 -flow as well as the ion polarization drifts are strongly intermittent.
The Effect of Fracture Roughness on the Onset of Nonlinear Flow

In fractures where surface fluctuations are large compared to their aperture (narrow fractures), the flow is forced to move in tortuous paths that produce additional viscous friction and are subject to inertia effects. We consider the relation between the magnitude of surface roughness and the onset of inertial effects in the pressure driving the flow through a single open fracture. We performed experiments systematically varying the average aperture of the open fracture and covering a wide range of Reynolds numbers. For each aperture, we analyze the data in terms of the Forchheimer equation and show that the critical Reynolds number, defined as the Reynolds number at which inertial effects contribute 10% of the total pressure losses, is highly correlated with the roughness of the surface. In particular, we show that significant inertial effects appear earlier as the relative importance of surface roughness increases. Finally, we present results showing that the magnitude of the deviations in the pressure field compared to a linear profile, taken at different points in the fracture along the flow direction, is directly related to the relative surface roughness of the fracture.
A review on the efficacy and medicinal applications of metal-based triazole derivatives

Abstract Recently, there has been increased microbial and multidrug resistance in clinical field that negatively affects health because it leads to a variety of diseases due to inefficient mode of action as well as cytotoxicity of organic based drugs, extended infection periods and increased mortality rates. To cope with these problems, there is need to develop new drugs that possess broad spectrum biological activities to kill microbes efficiently. Coordination chemistry helps to overcome this problem through the development of metal coordinated compounds. Metal complexes with triazole Schiff bases display wide range of biological activities that can counter these resistant microbes. Metal-based triazole Schiff base derivatives increase their probability of crossing lipid bilayer cell membranes. Humans need trace amounts of metals for proper body functioning and recent research has shown that incorporating metals in the drugs can enhance their biological profile due to chelation. This review highlights recent trends of triazole endowed metal complexes from 2010 to 2020 as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-cancer, antioxidant, and DNA cleaving agents. Graphical Abstract
Comparing the Individual and Combined Effects of Ant Attendance and Wing Formation on Aphid Body Size and Reproduction

Abstract Species employ multiple strategies to deal with stressful environments, but these strategies often incur costs. Aphids frequently utilize multiple predator avoidance strategies, including attracting mutualist ants for protection and dispersing by producing winged forms. While both strategies can be physiologically costly, the magnitudes of these costs have not been previously compared. In this study, we experimentally manipulated ant attendance in the field and measured the individual and interactive effects of ant attendance and wing formation on body size and reproduction of the ant-tended aphid Cinara schwarzii (Wilson) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Aphid adult body size was smaller in the presence of ants (18%), but controlling for body size, there were no differences in embryo number or size. In contrast, wing formation did not affect adult body size but strongly reduced embryo number (46%) and size (8%). Although ant attendance reduced C. schwarzii wing formation, ant attendance and wing formation acted independently on aphid body size and reproduction. For comparison, we confirmed that the manipulation of ant presence had no effect on body size or reproduction of the untended co-existing congener Cinara solitaria (Gillette and Palmer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Complementing our empirical study, a meta-analysis of 78 responses from 24 publications showed that wing formation consistently and significantly reduces aphid body size and reproduction (37%), while the effects of ant attendance showed a mean positive effect (9%) that did not significantly differ from zero. Together, our empirical study and meta-analysis provide strong evidence for costs of wing formation but not ant attendance for aphids.
Rapid Determination of Antimony, Barium, and Lead in Gunshot Residue Via Automated Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

A rapid yet reliable method to detect the presence of antimony, barium, and lead in gunshot residue is employed to deal with the ever-increasing use of firearms in criminal cases. Since a reduction in analysis time and operator attention is realized, a more systematic approach can be used to deal with the significance of these three elements and their relation to gunshot residue. Residues are collected with cotton swabs and 5% nitric acid and are leached overnight in nitric acid. Enhanced reproducibility is also achieved when an automatic injector system is used instead of traditional manual pipet dispenser.
Building Consensus? The Production of a Water Conservation Discourse Through Twitter: The Water use it Wisely Campaign in Arizona

ABSTRACT In the context of global environmental changes, water scarcity has become a challenge, especially for rapidly urbanizing regions. Water conservation—demand management—has therefore become an important tool for managing water resources. Since communication is at the core of water conservation strategies, we use Twitter data to trace the construction process of a widespread discourse at the global scale. We conduct a quantitative textual analysis of the Water-Use It Wisely Twitter timeline dedicated to promoting water conservation in Arizona. Based on the text of 3500 tweets and profile descriptions of 15,204 related Twitter accounts, our results show that Twitter is used to convey a standardized water conservation message that finds an audience worldwide, even though some countries block the use of Twitter or use other technical tools. This communication aspect on social media, where a network of water professionals and a community of water activists can interact, works as a cornerstone in the construction of an institutional consensus around this new paradigm of water management.
Drivers of cloud droplet number variability in the summertime in the southeastern United States

Abstract. Here we analyze regional-scale data collected on board the NOAA WP-3D aircraft during the 2013 Southeast Nexus (SENEX) campaign to study the aerosol–cloud droplet link and quantify the sensitivity of droplet number to aerosol number, chemical composition, and vertical velocity. For this, the observed aerosol size distributions, chemical composition, and vertical-velocity distribution are introduced into a state-of-the-art cloud droplet parameterization to show that cloud maximum supersaturations in the region range from 0.02 % to 0.52 %, with an average of 0.14±0.05 %. Based on these low values of supersaturation, the majority of activated droplets correspond to particles with a dry diameter of 90 nm and above. An important finding is that the standard deviation of the vertical velocity (σw) exhibits considerable diurnal variability (ranging from 0.16 m s−1 during nighttime to over 1.2 m s−1 during day), and it tends to covary with total aerosol number (Na). This σw–Na covariance amplifies the predicted response in cloud droplet number (Nd) to Na increases by 3 to 5 times compared to expectations based on Na changes alone. This amplified response is important given that droplet formation is often velocity-limited and therefore should normally be insensitive to aerosol changes. We also find that Nd cannot exceed a characteristic concentration that depends solely on σw. Correct consideration of σw and its covariance with time and Na is important for fully understanding aerosol–cloud interactions and the magnitude of the aerosol indirect effect. Given that model assessments of aerosol–cloud–climate interactions do not routinely evaluate for overall turbulence or its covariance with other parameters, datasets and analyses such as the one presented here are of the highest priority to address unresolved sources of hydrometeor variability, bias, and the response of droplet number to aerosol perturbations.
Absolute line intensities for oxirane in the 11.4 μm spectral region

Absolute individual line intensities of numerous transitions of the fundamental ν15, ν12 and ν5 bands of oxirane (ethylene oxide, cyc-C2H4O) have been measured in the 750–950 cm−1 region using eight high-resolution Fourier transform spectra recorded at 0.002 cm−1 resolution and various pressures. These line intensities were least-squares fit using a theoretical model which takes into account the vibration–rotation interactions linking the upper state rotational levels and, therefore, accurate rotational expansions of the transition moments of the ν15, ν12 and ν5 vibrational bands were derived. Using the coefficients obtained in the fitting, a line list has been generated and used to perform comparisons with the present measurements. Also, comparisons with measurements taken at medium–low resolution of the ν15/ν12/ν5 system show excellent agreement.
Effect of Martensitic Transformation and Grain Size on the Surface Roughening Behavior in SUS 304 and SUS 316 Thin Metal Foils

The surface roughening and martensitic phase transformation (MPT) of SUS 304 and SUS 316 were studied through two experiments: a uniaxial tensile stress test, repeated for five cycles, and an Scanning Electron Microscope–Electron Backscaterr Diffraction (SEM-EBSD) investigation. The MPT and martensitic volume fraction (Mf) were evaluated following the tensile test. The correlation between MPT, Mf, and surface roughening behavior was investigated. The experiment showed that an increase in the strain level from 0.4% to 1% increased the MPT and Mf, which transformed from a metastable austenitic phase in SUS 304. The increased strain level increased the surface roughening for various grain sizes (Dg), from fine grain (Dg < 3 μm) to coarse grain (Dg ≥ 3 μm). SUS 304 and SUS 316 are used so that the surface roughening mechanism between SUS 304 and SUS 316, with different phase conditions and at a similar Dg, can be determined. The results showed that the surface roughening increased for both fine and coarse grain at strain levels of 0.4% and 1%; however, a larger increase of surface roughening was obtained for coarse grain. In coarse grain, surface roughening increased significantly not only with a low MPT, but also with a low grain deformation. In coarse grain, the surface roughening increased proportionally to the strain level (εp) because of the low MPT and weak grain. In fine grain, the surface roughening did not increase proportionally to the εp because of the high MPT, which increased the grain strength in SUS 304. In the fine grain of SUS 304, the increase of surface roughening was nearly the same both at strain levels of 0.4% and 1%, because the MPT and Mf were nearly the same. The surface roughening with the same εp and almost the same Dg in SUS 304 and SUS 316 fine grain was nearly the same, because the grain deformation almost produced the same relative inclination between neighboring grains in the initial state direction to the surface. The inter-grain movement changed the grain orientation. Based on kernel average misorientation (KAM) mapping, the local grain misorientation in SUS 304 was higher than that in SUS 316. This indicated that the fine-grain SUS 304 is harder than the fine-grain SUS 316. There is no MPT in SUS 316 because of the higher austenitic phase, which is affected by the austenitic former, such as Ni.
On the Effectiveness of Bayesian AutoML methods for Physics Emulators

The adoption of Machine Learning (ML) for building emulators for complex physical processes has seen an exponential rise in the recent years. While neural networks are good function approximators, optimizing the hyper-parameters of the network to reach a global minimum is not trivial, and often needs human knowl- edge and expertise. In this light, automatic ML or autoML methods have gained large interest as they automate the process of network hyper-parameter tuning. In addition, Neural Architecture Search (NAS) has shown promising outcomes for improving model performance. While autoML methods have grown in popularity for image, text and other applications, their effectiveness for high-dimensional, complex scientific datasets remains to be investigated. In this work, a data driven emulator for turbulence closure terms in the context of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) models is trained using Artificial Neural Networks and an autoML frame- work based on Bayesian Optimization, incorporating priors to jointly optimize the hyper-parameters as well as conduct a full neural network architecture search to converge to a global minima, is proposed. Additionally, we compare the effect of using different network weight initializations and optimizers such as ADAM, SGDM and RMSProp, to explore the best performing setting. Weight and function space similarities during the optimization trajectory are investigated, and critical differences in the learning process evolution are noted and compared to theory. We observe ADAM optimizer and Glorot initialization consistently performs better, while RMSProp outperforms SGDM as the latter appears to have been stuck at a local minima. Therefore, this autoML BayesOpt framework provides a means to choose the best hyper-parameter settings for a given dataset.
Why? What? How? Using an Intervention Mapping approach to develop a personalised intervention to improve adherence to photoprotection in patients with Xeroderma Pigmentosum

ABSTRACT Background: Intervention Mapping (IM) is a systematic approach for developing theory-based interventions across a variety of contexts and settings. This paper describes the development of a complex intervention designed to reduce the dose of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) reaching the face of adults with Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP), by improving photoprotection. XP is a genetic condition that without extreme UVR photoprotection, leads to high risk of developing skin cancer. Methods: The IM protocol of 6 steps was applied, involving comprehensive mixed-methods formative research. Key stakeholders (XP clinical staff and Patient and Public Involvement Panel), were instrumental at every step. Behaviour change methods were informed by the IM taxonomy, therapeutic approaches (e.g. ACT, CBT) and coded according to the taxonomy of behaviour change techniques (version 1). Results: We designed a personalised modular intervention to target psychosocial determinants of photoprotective activities that influence the amount of UVR reaching the face. Content was developed to target determinants of motivation to protect and factors preventing the enactment of behaviours. Participants received personalised content addressing determinants/barriers most relevant to them, as well as core ‘behaviour-change’ material, considered important for all (e.g. SMART goals). Core and personalised content was delivered via 7 one-to-one sessions with a trained facilitator using a manual and purpose designed materials: Magazine; text messages; sunscreen application video; goal-setting tools (e.g. UVR dial and face protection guide); activity sheets. Novel features included use of ACT-based values to enhance intrinsic motivation, targeting of emotional barriers to photoprotection, addressing appearance concerns and facilitating habit formation. Conclusion: IM was an effective approach for complex intervention design. The structure (e.g. use of matrices) tethered the intervention tightly to theory and evidence-based approaches. The significant amount of time required needs to be considered and may hinder translation of IM into clinical and non-academic settings.
Identifying major civil engineering research influencers and topics using social network analysis

Abstract This paper focused on applying social network analysis techniques to co-authorship network in order to discover the influencers in Civil engineering research field in Nigeria. It further applies the Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) algorithm to uncover the major research topics in this field. The research used 663 publications downloaded from the Scopus database, with the year of publication ranging from 1968 to 2018, using Nigeria as the case study, Civil and Structural engineering as the field of research. The study was carried out using the centrality measures in network analysis such as degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality for co-authorship network analysis of authors and text mining using the LDA algorithm to discover the research focus of the authors. Also, the relationship between the centrality measures and authors’ performance, measured in terms of citation was investigated using regression analysis. The results showed that there was a significantly positive relationship with betweenness centrality and closeness centrality for performance, but a negative relationship with degree centrality. Also the topics discovered using the LDA algorithm helped to reveal the major focus of Civil Engineering research in Nigeria. In conclusion, it is recommended that based on the co-authorship network of civil engineering research in Nigeria, which was found to be a healthy small-world community, the environment discovered can be improved upon to support collaboration and sharing of ideas between researchers in the civil engineering field.