Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research Progress of Raman Spectroscopy and Raman Imaging in Pharmaceutical Analysis.

The analytical investigation of the pharmaceutical process monitors the critical process parameters of the drug, beginning from its development until marketing and postmarketing, and appropriate corrective action can be taken to change the pharmaceutical design at any stage of the process. Advanced analytical methods, such as Raman spectroscopy, are particularly suitable for use in the field of drug analysis, especially for qualitative and quantitative work, due to the advantages of simple sample preparation, fast, nondestructive analysis speed, and effective avoidance of moisture interference. Advanced Raman imaging techniques have gradually become a powerful alternative method for monitoring changes in polymorph distribution and active pharmaceutical ingredient distribution in drug processing and pharmacokinetics. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has also solved the inherent insensitivity and fluorescence problems of Raman, which has made good progress in the field of illegal drug analysis. This review summarizes the application of Raman spectroscopy and imaging technology, which are used in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of solid tablets, quality control of the production process, drug crystal analysis, illegal drug analysis, and monitoring of drug dissolution and release in the field of drug analysis in recent years.
Sacubitril/valsartan affects pulmonary arterial pressure in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and pulmonary hypertension

Prior studies have not fully characterized the haemodynamic effects of the angiotensin receptor‐neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) sacubitril/valsartan in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and pulmonary hypertension (HFpEF–PH). The aim of the Treatment of PH With Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker and Neprilysin Inhibitor in HFpEF Patients With CardioMEMS Device (ARNIMEMS‐HFpEF) study is to assess pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) dynamics by means of implanted PAP monitors in patients with HFpEF–PH treated with sacubitril/valsartan.
mBalance: Detect Postural Imbalance with Mobile Devices

BACKGROUND Postural imbalance can be adopted for the early detection of age-related diseases or monitoring the course of the disease treatment; especially in monitoring, frequent balance measurement is crucial. This is mainly done through regular in-person examinations by a physician currently. Feedback in between examinations is often missing. OBJECTIVES This paper proposes mBalance, a mobile application that uses the Romberg test to detect postural imbalance. mBalance provides a camera-based, low-cost approach to measure imbalance frequently at home using mobile devices. METHODS Imbalance detection accuracy and usability was evaluated in two separate studies with 31 and 30 participants, respectively. RESULTS mBalance correctly detected imbalance with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 87%. The study found good usability with no significant problems. CONCLUSION Overall, this study solves the problem of postural imbalance detection by digitizing a validated balance test into an easy-to-use mobile application.
Efficacy and Safety Profile of Tranexamic Acid in Traumatic Thoracolumbar Fracture Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective In this article, the authors systematically evaluated the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid (TXA) in surgeries for spinal trauma. Methods Potentially relevant academic articles were identified from the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Secondary sources were identified from the references of the included literature. RevMan software was used to analyze the pooled data. Results A total of 7 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 2 non-RCTs were included in the review. There were significant differences in total blood loss (standard mean difference [SMD] = −2.54 [95% CI, −3.72, −1.37], P = 0.0001), intraoperative blood loss (SMD = −0.96 [95% CI, −1.28, −0.64], P < 0.00001), postoperative blood loss (SMD = −1.42 [95% CI, −1.72, −1.11], P < 0.00001), and length of hospital stay (SMD = −3.73 [95% CI, −4.41, −3.06], P = 0.00001). No significant differences were found regarding transfusion requirement, operative duration, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism between the 2 groups. Conclusions The present meta-analysis indicates that the use of TXA in spinal surgery decreases blood loss and duration of hospital stay while not increasing the risk of side effects such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Clinical Relevance The study aims to provide clinicians who operate on spine trauma with information on the use of tranexamic acid to decrease blood loss and related complications. Level of Evidence 1.
Snrpb is required in murine neural crest cells for proper splicing and craniofacial morphogenesis

ABSTRACT Heterozygous mutations in SNRPB, an essential core component of the five small ribonucleoprotein particles of the spliceosome, are responsible for cerebrocostomandibular syndrome (CCMS). We show that Snrpb heterozygous mouse embryos arrest shortly after implantation. Additionally, heterozygous deletion of Snrpb in the developing brain and neural crest cells models craniofacial malformations found in CCMS, and results in death shortly after birth. RNAseq analysis of mutant heads prior to morphological defects revealed increased exon skipping and intron retention in association with increased 5′ splice site strength. We found increased exon skipping in negative regulators of the P53 pathway, along with increased levels of nuclear P53 and P53 target genes. However, removing Trp53 in Snrpb heterozygous mutant neural crest cells did not completely rescue craniofacial development. We also found a small but significant increase in exon skipping of several transcripts required for head and midface development, including Smad2 and Rere. Furthermore, mutant embryos exhibited ectopic or missing expression of Fgf8 and Shh, which are required to coordinate face and brain development. Thus, we propose that mis-splicing of transcripts that regulate P53 activity and craniofacial-specific genes contributes to craniofacial malformations. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Identification of PBK as a hub gene and potential therapeutic target for medulloblastoma

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most frequent malignant brain tumor in pediatrics. Since the current standard of care for MB consisting of surgery, cranio-spinal irradiation and chemotherapy often leads to a high morbidity rate, a number of patients suffer from long-term sequelae following treatment. Targeted therapies hold the promise of being more effective and less toxic. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify hub genes with an upregulated expression in MB and to search for potential therapeutic targets from these genes. For this purpose, gene expression profile datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and processed using R 3.6. 0 software to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between MB samples and normal brain tissues. A total of 282 upregulated and 436 downregulated DEGs were identified. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the upregulated DEGs were predominantly enriched in the cell cycle, DNA replication and cell division. The top 10 hub genes were identified from the protein-protein interaction network of upregulated genes, and one identified hub gene [PDZ binding kinase (PBK)] was selected for further investigation due to its possible role in the pathogenesis of MB. The aberrant expression of PBK in MB was verified in additional independent gene expression datasets. Survival analysis demonstrated that a higher expression level of PBK was significantly associated with poorer clinical outcomes in non-Wingless MBs. Furthermore, targeting PBK with its inhibitor, HI-TOPK-032, impaired the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of two MB cell lines, with the diminished phosphorylation of downstream effectors of PBK, including ERK1/2 and Akt, and the activation of caspase-3. Hence, these results suggest that PBK may be a potential prognostic biomarker and a novel candidate of targeted therapy for MB.
Two new constituents from the aerial parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge

Abstract Two new constituents: a neolignan, salignan A (1) and a phenolic acid, salside A (2), along with two known compounds (3, 4) have been isolated from the aerial parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. All structures were assigned on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configuration of 1 was characterised by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy. Compounds 1 and 3 exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, and the IC50 values are 11.58 and 10.73 μM, respectively. Compound 4 displayed moderate antioxidant activity to scavenge DPPH and ABTS radicals, and the IC50 values are 7.96 and 1.10 μM, respectively. Graphical Abstract
Provider reported challenges with completing death certificates: A focus group study demonstrating potential sources of error

Objectives To characterize the experiences of providers in completing the cause of death section on death certificates, with particular reference to deaths in people who have cancer. Methods Focus groups were conducted until thematic saturation was reached, resulting in four groups over three months. Participants were from a variety of specialties and levels and types of training. Focus groups were recorded and transcribed verbatim and analyzed using constant comparison analysis. Results Three types of challenges to case classification were identified. 1) Infrastructural and procedural challenges encountered when completing death certificates, including the rigid structure of the form, lack of training in its completion, and lack of real-time feedback. 2) Clinical uncertainty and the varied approaches providers take to determine the cause of death based on their perception of the purpose of the death certificate. 3) Choosing cause of death in decedents with a history of cancer. Conclusions There are specific and substantial challenges in the death certification process that lead to errors in documenting the cause of death, but many of these challenges could be addressed with structural change to the forms or mechanism of training. Using these data to inform change could improve the death certification process and reliability of this data.
The role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in Fournier’s Gangrene: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

ABSTRACT Purpose: Management of Fournier’s Gangrene (FG) includes broad-spectrum antibiotics with adequate surgical debridement, which should be performed within the first 24 hours of onset. However, this treatment may cause significant loss of tissue and may delay healing with the presence of ischemia. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been proposed as adjunctive therapy to assist the healing process. However, its benefit is still debatable. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of HBOT as an adjunct therapy for FG. Materials and Methods: This study complied with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses protocol to obtain studies investigating the effect of HBOT on patients with FG. The search is systematically carried out on different databases such as MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus based on population, intervention, control, and outcomes criteria. A total of 10 articles were retrieved for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Results: There was a significant difference in mortality as patients with FG who received HBOT had a lower number of deaths compared to patients who received conventional therapy (Odds Ratio 0.29; 95% CI 0.12 – 0.69; p = 0.005). However, the mean length of stay with Mean Difference (MD) of -0.18 (95% CI: -7.68 – 7.33; p=0.96) and the number of debridement procedures (MD 1.33; 95% CI: -0.58 – 3.23; p=0.17) were not significantly different. Conclusion: HBOT can be used as an adjunct therapy to prevent an increased risk of mortality in patients with FG.
ASNM and ASN joint guidelines for transcranial Doppler ultrasonic monitoring: An update

Today, it seems prudent to reconsider how ultrasound technology can be used for providing intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring that will result in better patient outcomes and decreased length and cost of hospitalization. An extensive and rapidly growing literature suggests that the essential hemodynamic information provided by transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography neuromonitoring (TCDNM) would provide effective monitoring modality for improving outcomes after different types of vascular, neurosurgical, orthopedic, cardiovascular, and cardiothoracic surgeries and some endovascular interventional or diagnostic procedures, like cardiac catheterization or cerebral angiography. Understanding, avoiding, and preventing peri‐ or postoperative complications, including neurological deficits following abovementioned surgeries, endovascular intervention, or diagnostic procedures, represents an area of great public and economic benefit for society, especially considering the aging population. The American Society of Neurophysiologic Monitoring and American Society of Neuroimaging Guidelines Committees formed a joint task force and developed updated guidelines to assist in the use of TCDNM in the surgical and intensive care settings. Specifically, these guidelines define (1) the objectives of TCD monitoring; (2) the responsibilities and behaviors of the neurosonographer during monitoring; (3) instrumentation and acquisition parameters; (4) safety considerations; (5) contemporary rationale for TCDNM; (6) TCDNM perspectives; and (7) major recommendations.
Association of adversity with psychopathology in early childhood: Dimensional and cumulative approaches

The association between adversity and psychopathology in adolescents and adults is characterized by equifinality. These associations, however, have not been assessed during early childhood when psychopathology first emerges. Defining adversity using both dimensional and cumulative risk approaches, we examined whether specific types of adversity are differentially associated with psychopathology in preschool‐aged children.
INTERNATIONALIZATION STRATEGIES OF THE BRAZILIAN MEAT AGRIBUSINESS SECTOR: EXPORTS OR DIRECT INVESTMENT ABROAD?

The article analyzes the internationalization strategies of the four largest Brazilian companies in the meat (beef, pork and poultry) agribusiness sector, by considering the comparative and competitive advantages of the country and the companies. JBS, Marfrig, Sadia and Perdigao were studied, of which the last two merged in May 2009, forming Brasil Foods. The authors looked into what led these companies to start investing abroad directly, as from 2005, as a complement to their exports, the preferred strategy for placing products in foreign markets. The research method used was the multiple case study, drawing on primary data (interviews, corporate annual reports, financial statements, press releases and shareholder information) and secondary data (theses, dissertations, academic articles, reports in newspapers and business journals), using bibliographic and documentary research. Everything was analyzed in the light of international business and strategy theories. The results show that exports still predominate and that investing directly abroad was, in principle, a reactive strategy to sanitary barriers against Brazilian products. However, the acquisition of companies in restriction-free countries has increased as part of a forward-looking strategy for gaining access to new markets and strengthening brands. Key-words: Agribusiness. Internationalization. Strategy.
GSM-R network planning for high speed railway

It is necessary to provide corresponding wireless communication network plan scheme for China high speed railway development. This paper investigates the quality of service of high speed railway wireless communication system according to carrier-to-interference, bit error rate and handover standard. Simulation results indicate that this communication network could hardly work rightly in urban and suburban; whereas in the rural area it could provide enough quality under some network plan conditions: for rural quasi-open area the cell radius should be less than 7km and the overlap area should be between 3.9km and 5.5km; for rural open area, the cell radius could reach 10km with the overlay area between 4.8km and 8.1km.
Efficacy of Topical Wound Oxygen Therapy in Healing Chronic Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of recently published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that employed the use of topical oxygen therapy (TOT) as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of Wagner 1 and 2 diabetic foot ulcers. Approach: Following a literature search of eligible studies from 2010 onward, four RCTs were included. Studies were analyzed for patient and wound characteristics, outcomes, risk of bias, and quality of the evidence assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. A random-effects meta-analysis for complete wound healing was carried out due to statistical heterogeneity of included studies. Results: Risk of bias judgment (RoB2 analysis) resulted in one low-risk trial and three trials with some risk. One study was determined to be the origin of the statistical heterogeneity. Pooled results showed statistical significance with a risk ratio (RR) of 1.59 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–2.37; p = 0.021). Sensitivity analysis, based on imputed values for missing outcomes, demonstrated that both the RR and 95% CIs changed little. The GRADE ratings for each domain were as follows: (a) risk of bias: moderate (3); (b) imprecision: moderate (2), high (1); (c) inconsistency: low (2), high (1); (d) indirectness: moderate (2), high (1); and (e) publication bias: moderate (1), high (2). Overall, the evidence was moderate. Innovation: Our study shows that TOT is a viable diabetic foot ulcer therapy. Conclusions: These data support the use of TOT for the treatment of chronic Wagner 1 or 2 diabetic foot ulcers in the absence of infection and ischemia.
Stress‐induced activation of the proline biosynthetic pathway in Bacillus subtilis: a population‐wide and single‐cell study of the osmotically controlled proHJ promoter

Bacillus subtilis, in its natural habitat, is regularly exposed to rapid changes in the osmolarity of its surrounding. As its primary survival strategy, it accumulates large amounts of the compatible solute proline by activating the de novo proline biosynthesis pathway and exploiting the glutamate pools. This osmotically‐induced biosynthesis requires activation of a SigA‐type promoter that drives the expression of the proHJ operon. Population‐wide studies have shown that the activity of the proHJ promoter correlates with the increased osmotic pressure of the environment. Therefore, the activation of the proHJ transcription should be an adequate measure of the adaptation to osmotic stress through proline synthesis in the absence of other osmoprotectants. In this study, we investigate the kinetics of the proHJ promoter activation and the early adaptation to mild osmotic upshift at the single‐cell level. Under these conditions, we observed a switching point and heterogeneous proline biosynthesis gene expression, where the subpopulation of cells showing active proHJ transcription is able to continuously divide, and those unresponsive to osmotic stress remain dormant. Additionally, we demonstrate that bactericidal antibiotics significantly upregulate proHJ transcription in the absence of externally imposed osmotic pressure, suggesting that the osmotically‐controlled proline biosynthesis pathway is also involved in the antibiotic‐mediated stress response.
Socioeconomic differences in the association between maternal age and maternal obesity: a register-based study of 707,728 women in Finland

Aims: To examine the association between maternal age and maternal obesity across socioeconomic groups and to determine whether socioeconomic status modifies the association between maternal age and maternal obesity with a view to informing public health policies. Methods: Data for this register-based study were sourced from the Finnish Medical Birth Register and Statistics Finland, using the information of 707,728 women who gave birth in Finland from 2004 to 2015. We used multivariable regression models to assess the association between maternal age and maternal obesity across socioeconomic groups. We further assessed interactions on both multiplicative and additive scales. Results: Across all socioeconomic groups, the adjusted odds ratio for the association between maternal age and maternal obesity increased, peaking for women 35 years or older. Using women below 20 years of age in the category of upper-level employees as a single reference group, in the category of upper-level employees, the adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals among women 35 years or older was 1.92 (1.39–2.64) for maternal obesity. Equally, the adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals in the category of long-term unemployed was 4.35 (3.16–5.98). Synergistic interactions on both multiplicative and additive scales were found across age and socioeconomic groups. Conclusions: The association between maternal age and maternal obesity was strongest among women 35 years or older with lower socioeconomic status. Population-level interventions that address maternal risk factors from teenage years are needed alongside individual-level interventions that target high-risk mothers in areas of low socioeconomic status and maternal obesity.
Validity of self-reported educational level in the Tromsø Study

Background: Self-reported data on educational level have been collected for decades in the Tromsø Study, but their validity has yet to be established. Aim: To investigate the completeness and correctness of self-reported educational level in the Tromsø Study, using data from Statistics Norway. In addition, we explored the consequence of using these two data sources on educational trends in cardiometabolic diseases. Methods: We compared self-reported and Statistics Norway-recorded educational level (primary, upper secondary, college/university <4 years, and college/university ⩾4 years) among 20,615 participants in the seventh survey of the Tromsø Study (Tromsø7, 2015–2016). Sensitivity, positive predictive value and weighted kappa were used to measure the validity of self-reported educational level in three age groups (40–52, 53–62, 63–99 years). Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare educational trends in cardiometabolic diseases between self-reported and Statistics Norway-recorded educational level. Results: Sensitivity of self-reported educational level was highest among those with a college/university education of 4 years or more (⩾97% in all age groups and both sexes). Sensitivity for primary educational level ranged from 67% to 92% (all age groups and both sexes). The lowest positive predictive value was observed among women with a college/university education of 4 years or more (29–46%). Weighted kappa was substantial (0.52–0.59) among men and moderate to substantial (0.41–0.51) among women. Educational trends in the risk of cardiometabolic diseases were less pronounced when self-reported educational level was used. Conclusions: Self-reported educational level in Tromsø7 is adequately complete and correct. Self-reported data may produce weaker associations between educational level and cardiometabolic diseases than registry-based data.