Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The multivariate nature of systemic risk: direct and common exposures

To capture systemic risk related to network structures, this paper introduces a measure that complements direct exposures with common exposures, as well as compares these to each other. Trying to address the interconnected nature of financial systems, researchers have recently proposed a range of approaches for assessing network structures. Much of the focus is on direct exposures or market-based estimated networks, yet little attention has been given to the multivariate nature of systemic risk, indirect exposures and overlapping portfolios. In this regard, we rely on correlation network models that tap into the multivariate network structure, as a viable means to assess common exposures and complement direct linkages. Using BIS data, we compare correlation networks with direct exposure networks based upon conventional network measures, as well as we provide an approach to aggregate these two components for a more encompassing measure of interconnectedness.
Beam Physics Commissioning of VELA at Daresbury Laboratory

A user facility VELA (Versatile Electron Linear Accelerator) based on an RF photoinjector has been commissioned at Daresbury Laboratory in April 2013, providing beam to first users in September 2013. Machine study runs in 2013-2014 have concentrated on characterisation of main beam parameters like bunch charge, its momentum, beam emittance and dependence of these parameters on the launching RF phase. Major efforts have been also concentrated on investigation of the dark current from the gun and its dependence on the RF amplitude. Significant time has been dedicated to investigation of relative stability of LLRF and drive laser having significant impact on the overall machine stability. We present here the results of these studies.
The Effect of Shape of Product Packaging on Consumer's Intention to Purchase

This research examines the effect of beverage bottle shape on the intention to buy among teenagers. Twenty participants between the ages of thirteen and seventeen years residing in Jakarta took part in this study. Data collection was done using a questionnaire assessing intent to purchase, which consisted of a single item that used a Likert scale response as the basis for determining the intention to buy. The final results showed that a tall and thin-shaped bottle generates stronger intention to purchase compared to a short and wide-shaped bottle. Keywords— component; intention to buy; bottle shape; packaging
Choices of degree or degrees of choice? : a sociological analysis of decision-making in tertiary education.

ii Preface iii Acknowledgements vi Acronyms and Abbreviations vii Chapter One: Introduction 1 Chapter Two: Literature review 4 Introduction 4 The Making of Choice in South Africa 4 Models on Choice 6 An Alternate Approach to Choice-Making 9 Sources of Influence 17 Summary 23 Chapter Three: Methodology 24 Introduction 24 Research Methods 24 Sample 25 Sampling Methods 26 Data Analysis 27 Epistemology 28 Limitations 29 Chapter Four: Research Findings and Discussion 3
Solution of Bio-Medical Problem by Genetic Algorithm

In operation research and computer science, a genetic algorithm (GA) is a most powerful meta-heuristic approach, its inspired by the process of natural selection. This approach is usually applied to generate superior quality results to standard and real life functions. Several number of researcher has been solved most number of real applications related to different fields with the help of this technique. After Inspired of these researchers, has been also solved the Breast Cancer and Iris data set problems in this article using some recent metaheuristics of nature inspired. For verification, the solutions are compared with some of the most well-known evolutionary trainers: Particle Genetic Algorithm (GA), Swarm Optimization (PSO), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Differential Evolution (DE), Personal Best Position Particle Swarm Optimization (PBPPSO), Evolutionary Strategy (ES), Biogeographical Based Optimization (BBO) and Population based Incremental Learning (PBIL). The numerical and statistical solutions show that GA algorithm is able to provide very competitive solutions in terms of improved local optima avoidance. The solutions also reveal a high level of accuracy in classification.
A grounded theory analysis of the functions of pro-ana social media accounts

Anorexia nervosa is an extremely dangerous eating disorder whose etiology has recently been examined in relation to difficulties in emotion regulation. The phenomenon of pro-anorexia (proana) on social media sites and websites has also received recent attention; however, the functions served by these pro-ana accounts are not well understood. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the possible functions of these accounts, particularly with regard to emotion regulation, through the use of a Grounded Theory analysis. An emotion expression function was supported in this analysis, in addition to seven other functions: defining anorexia as a lifestyle, identity, or disease; discussion of anorexia as cyclically relapsing and recovering; defining what it means to be thin; defining the self as either fat or thin and thus worthless or good; motivating continued engagement in disordered eating; soliciting positive or negative attention from others; and the importance of images in the service of other functions. These functions of pro-ana social media sites can be used to improve treatment and support for those affected by anorexia nervosa both online and offline.
Advanced technology for gait rehabilitation: An overview

Most gait training systems are designed for acute and subacute neurological inpatients. Many systems are used for relearning gait movements (nonfunctional training) or gait cycle training (functional gait training). Each system presents its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of functional outcomes. However, training gait cycle movements is not sufficient for the rehabilitation of ambulation. There is a need for new solutions to overcome the limitations of existing systems in order to ensure individually tailored training conditions for each of the potential users, no matter the complexity of his or her condition. There is also a need for a new, integrative approach in gait rehabilitation, one that encompasses and addresses all aspects of physical as well as psychological aspects of ambulation in real-life multitasking situations. In this respect, a multidisciplinary multinational team performed an overview of the current technology for gait rehabilitation and reviewed the principles of ambulation training.
Over-expression of dehydroascorbate reductase enhances oxidative stress tolerance in tobacco

Background: Ascorbic acid (Asc) is one of the most abundant antioxidants and it serves as a major contributor to protect plants against oxidative damage. Plants use two enzymes that participate in the metabolic recycling of Asc. One of these two enzymes is dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR). It directly regenerates Asc from its oxidized state and thus prevents Asc from being irreversibly hydrolyzed to 2, 3-diketogulonic acid. This study aimed to examine whether over-expression of DHAR leads to an enhanced oxidative stress tolerance in tobacco plants. Results: In this study, We functionally characterized a novel JcDHAR gene from Jatropha curcas and found via quanitative RT-PCR analysis that JcDHAR can be induced with H2O2, salt and PEG stresses. The DHAR activities of transgenic tobacco plants increased 2.0 to 5.3 fold compared to wild-type plants. As a result, the transgenic plants displayed enhanced tolerance to oxidative stress. Conclusions: Our results indicate that JcDHAR expression can effectively enhance the tolerance to oxidative stress in plants. Normal 0 21 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
The impact of higher education research and development on Australian gross state product

Recent years have seen a growing interest in research and development in Australia. The Commonwealth Government has responded through the commissioning of a number of reports. Whilst examining the current state of R&D in Australian, these reports have done little to analyse relationship between R&D and Australian output. This paper examines the impact of R&D on Australian state production between 1979 and 1999. Results indicate that both total and higher education R&D are important and significant in generating output. In particular, it is shown that particular types of research contribute more significantly to Australian output.
Structural change and the Kaldor facts in a growth model with relative price and non-Gorman preferences

Growth of per-capita income is associated with (i) significant shifts in the sectoral economic structure, (ii) systematic changes in relative prices and (iii) the Kaldor facts. Moreover, (iv) cross-sectional data shows systematic expenditure structure difference between rich and poor households. Ngai and Pissarides (2006) and Acemoglu and Guerrieri (2008) are consistent with observation (i)-(iii) but abstract form non-homotheticities of preferences. However, they cannot replicate the structural change between the U.S. goods and service sector quantitatively. This paper presents a growth model, which reconciles both forces of structural change relative price and income effects with balanced growth on the aggregate. The theory is simple and parsimonious and contains an analytical solution. The model can replicate shape and magnitude of the nonbalanced sectoral facts as well as the balanced nature of growth on the aggregate. In a structural estimation, the model’s functional form is exploited to obtain estimates for the relative importance of income and price effects as determinants of the structural change.
Control, forecasting and optimisation for wave energy conversion

Abstract This paper presents an overview of the motivation, background to and state-of-the-art in energy maximising control of wave energy devices. The underpinning mathematical modelling is described and the control fundamentals established. Two example control schemes are presented, along with some algorithms for wave forecasting, which can be a necessary requirement, due to the non-causal nature of some optimal control strategies. One of the control schemes is extended to show how cooperative control of devices in a wave farm can be beneficial. The paper also includes perspectives on the interaction between control and the broader objectives of optimal wave energy device geometry and full techno-economic optimisation of wave energy converters.
The Impact of Perceived Leadership Styles on Hotel Employee Job Engagement

Engaged employees have a positive impact on organizational outcomes. In fact, employees who are highly committed to their jobs tend to perform better, and such employees are less likely to quit. Leaders in the workplace have the potential to influence employee work engagement. Different leadership styles might drive employee engagement to different extents. The purposes of this study are twofold: to identify the leadership styles and drivers that lead to engaged employees, and to contribute to the literature of employee engagement in the context of hospitality and tourism. This study used a quantitative method, specifically survey that was distributed to the United States hotel employees through Amazon M-Turk. The survey measures employee level of engagement using UWES and leadership styles using MLQ in addition to 18 drivers of engagement and 10 demographic questions. This study found that ‘fairness’ was evaluated as the most valuable driver to make employees feel engaged at work. The findings of this study showed that there is significant relationship between transformational and transactional leadership behavior and employee engagement whilst significant negative correlation was found between the perceived passive/avoidant leadership and employee engagement. Discussion, implications, limitations, and future research are presented.
Vorticity moments in four numerical simulations of the 3D Navier–Stokes equations

Abstract The issue of intermittency in numerical solutions of the 3D Navier–Stokes equations on a periodic box ${[0, L] }^{3} $ is addressed through four sets of numerical simulations that calculate a new set of variables defined by ${D}_{m} (t)= {({ \varpi }_{0}^{- 1} {\Omega }_{m} )}^{{\alpha }_{m} } $ for $1\leq m\leq \infty $ where ${\alpha }_{m} = 2m/ (4m- 3)$ and ${[{\Omega }_{m} (t)] }^{2m} = {L}^{- 3} \int \nolimits _{\mathscr{V}} {\vert \boldsymbol{\omega} \vert }^{2m} \hspace{0.167em} \mathrm{d} V$ with ${\varpi }_{0} = \nu {L}^{- 2} $ . All four simulations unexpectedly show that the ${D}_{m} $ are ordered for $m= 1, \ldots , 9$ such that ${D}_{m+ 1} \lt {D}_{m} $ . Moreover, the ${D}_{m} $ squeeze together such that ${D}_{m+ 1} / {D}_{m} \nearrow 1$ as $m$ increases. The values of ${D}_{1} $ lie far above the values of the rest of the ${D}_{m} $ , giving rise to a suggestion that a depletion of nonlinearity is occurring which could be the cause of Navier–Stokes regularity. The first simulation is of very anisotropic decaying turbulence; the second and third are of decaying isotropic turbulence from random initial conditions and forced isotropic turbulence at fixed Grashof number respectively; the fourth is of very-high-Reynolds-number forced, stationary, isotropic turbulence at up to resolutions of $409{6}^{3} $ .
A Service Quality Diagnosis Model for Supermarkets

Perceived service quality was viewed as the degree and direction ofdiscrepancy between consumers' perceptions and expectations. However, the existing procedure of data collection is less desirable because respondents attempt to recall theirexpectationsafter receiving service instead of before receiving service. Thisstudy introduce a two-stage service quality diagnosis model for re-exploring the gap between consumers' perceptions and expectations with a more reliable data collection method. Based on analysis results, gaps are further classified into three categories: ideal quality, unacceptable quality, and dynamic satisfactory quality. Aservice sector of a supermarket is selected for validating the proposed model with structural equation models. The proposed diagnosis model serves as a business diagnosis, which can effectively assist practitioners in discovering current service quality problems and provide solutions to problems or strategies for continuous improvement.
Are specialized servers better at predicting protein structures than stand alone software

This research study answers the question that technology is the best for predicting protein structures. Stand-alone software only depend on protein structure prediction algorithms, while web servers consult a number of other sources such as meta servers and protein data banks to produce a protein structure achieved through consensus. Keywords: Protein structure prediction, web servers, meta servers, stand-alone software, insulin
An empirical study on the ceremonial adoption of ISO 9000 in Basque organizations

This paper tries to shed light on the ceremonial adoption of ISO 9000, one of the most prominent tools used within the Quality Management paradigm and one which has been linked to innovations of an organizational type in academic literature. For that purpose, extensive fieldwork based on both in-depth interviews of general managers, middle managers and employees, as well as on participant observation, was carried out in eight Basque organizations that have adopted the standard for a long period of time. The results show that companies tend to adopt ISO 9000 ceremonially influenced more by a number of internal organizational contingencies, than by pressures from the institutional environment.
Rayleigh–Taylor instability in magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the Crab nebula

In this paper, we discuss the development of Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) filaments in axisymmetric simulations of pulsar wind nebulae (PWN). High-resolution adaptive mesh refinement magnetohydrodynamic simulations are used to resolve the non-linear evolution of the instability. The typical separation of filaments is mediated by the turbulent flow in the nebula and hierarchical growth of the filaments. The strong magnetic dissipation and field randomization found in recent global three-dimensional simulations of PWN suggest that magnetic tension is not strong enough to suppress the growth of RT filaments, in agreement with the observations of prominent filaments in the Crab nebula. The long-term axisymmetric results presented here confirm this finding.
Relying on Educational Technology to Train Minority-Language Teachers in Canada

In Ontario, Canada’s largest province, there is a significant shortage of qualified French-speaking teachers. Moreover, although many schools employ some teachers who are not fully qualified, it would be unthinkable to remove them from the classroom for further training, given the lack of teachers. To cope with this challenge we launched a distance teacher training program. Early into the program, the candidates found that distance education was insufficient to help them meet the challenges of classroom teaching. After conducting interviews with our prospective teachers (n = 125), we realized that the theoretical content provided through the distance program needed to be complemented by classroom observations. However, this appeared to be impossible in the circumstances. In this paper, we highlight the findings of our study on the use of educational technologies to train minority-language teachers in Canada.
Rainfall, evapotranspiration and rainfall deficit trend in Alor Setar, Malaysia

Rainfall and potential evapotranspiration are important variables in water balance study. Rainfall data were obtained from Malaysian Meteorological Department while estimates of potential evapotranspiration were calculated using Penman-Monteith method. Trend analysis of monthly and annual rainfall, potential evapotranspiration and rainfall deficit are essential to manage irrigation system in agricultural systems. This is because changes in trend of these parameters may affect the water cycle and ecosystem. Annual and monthly values of these variables were analysed from 1980-2009. Results indicated increasing trends of 16.2 mm yr -1 and 3.01 mm yr -1 for both annual rainfall and potential evapotranspiration, respectively. Consequently, these trends resulted in annual rainfall deficit of 1.69 mm per year.
Multidisciplinary Perspectives on a Video Case of Children Designing and Coding for Robotics

Spatial reasoning plays a vital role in choice of and success in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) careers, yet the topic is scarce in grade school curricula. We conjecture that this absence may be due to limited knowledge of how spatial reasoning is discussed and engaged across STEM professions. This study aimed to address that gap by asking 19 professionals to comment on a video that documented children’s progression through 5 days of building and programming robots. Their written opinions on the skills relevant to their careers demonstrated by the children revealed that spatial thinking and design thinking are central to what they see. RśuméLe raisonnement spatial joue un rôle essentiel dans la décision d’entreprendre une carrière STEM et de réussir dans les domaines concernés. Pourtant, ces matières sont peu représentées dans les curriculums à l’école primaire. Nous supposons que cette absence puisse être due à un manque de connaissances quant à la façon dont le raisonnement spatial est traité dans l’ensemble des professions STEM. Cette étude vise à combler ce manque en demandant à 19 professionnels de commenter une vidéo qui documente la progression d’enfants qui construisent et programment des robots pendant 5 jours. Les commentaires écrits des répondants sur les habiletés pertinentes illustrées par les élèves montrent que la pensée spatiale et la pensée conceptuelle sont fondamentales dans leur profession.
Directed polymers in random environment with heavy tails

We study the model of Directed Polymers in Random Environment in 1+1 dimensions, where the distribution at a site has a tail which decays regularly polynomially with power \alpha, where \alpha \in (0,2). After proper scaling of temperature \beta^{-1}, we show strong localization of the polymer to a favorable region in the environment where energy and entropy are best balanced. We prove that this region has a weak limit under linear scaling and identify the limiting distribution as an (\alpha, \beta)-indexed family of measures on Lipschitz curves lying inside the 45-degrees-rotated square with unit diagonal. In particular, this shows order n transversal fluctuations of the polymer. If, and only if, \alpha is small enough, we find that there exists a random critical temperature below which, but not above, the effect of the environment is macroscopic. The results carry over to d+1 dimensions for d>1 with minor modifications.
Hawks, doves, and opportunistic opposition parties

Parliamentary regimes offer the unique opportunity for opposition parties to react to foreign policy by proposing no-confidence motions (NCMs). The threat of an NCM bringing down the government may be enough to induce pacific behavior by the executive. Yet, this simplistic characterization neglects the possible electoral motivations of opportunistic opposition parties. I develop a theory that opposition parties respond to involvement in international conflict by proposing NCMs as a tool to influence voters’ opinions with an eye toward the next election. I develop two expectations based on policy disagreement and issue ownership that I use to explain the electorally motivated decision to propose NCMs following conflict. I test these expectations with a dataset of 14 European parliamentary democracies from 1970 to 2001. The empirical evidence suggests that the partisanship of both the government and opposition parties interact to create varying electoral incentives to propose NCMs based on issue ownership. Right-wing opposition parties are more likely to challenge than left-wing parties, and this effect is exacerbated when facing left-wing governments. This study has important implications that underpin a number of theories of the domestic causes of international conflict as well as implications for the study of party strategy.
Photodynamic Therapy in Combination with Antiangiogenic Approaches Improve Tumor Inhibition

Ramaswamy Bhuvaneswari1, Malini Olivo1,2,3,4, Gan Yik Yuen5 and Soo Khee Chee1 1National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, 2School of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, 3Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 4Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Biomedical Sciences Institutes, 5Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1,3,4,5Singapore 2Ireland