Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shrinkage priors for isotonic probability vectors and binary data modeling, with applications to dose-response modeling.

Motivated by the need to model dose-response or dose-toxicity curves in clinical trials, we develop a new horseshoe-based prior for Bayesian isotonic regression modeling a binary outcome against an ordered categorical predictor, where the probability of the outcome is assumed to be monotonically non-decreasing with the predictor. The set of differences between outcome probabilities in consecutive categories of the predictor is equipped with a multivariate prior having support over simplex. The Dirichlet distribution, which can be derived from a normalized sum of independent gamma-distributed random variables, is a natural choice of prior, but using mathematical and simulation-based arguments, we show that the resulting posterior is prone to underflow and other numerical instabilities, even under simple data configurations. We propose an alternative prior based on horseshoe-type shrinkage that is numerically more stable. We show that this horseshoe-based prior is not subject to the numerical instability seen in the Dirichlet/gamma-based prior and that the horseshoe-based posterior can estimate the underlying true curve more efficiently than the Dirichlet-based one. We demonstrate the use of this prior in a model predicting the occurrence of radiation-induced lung toxicity in lung cancer patients as a function of dose delivered to normal lung tissue. Our methodology is implemented in the R package isotonicBayes and therefore suitable for use in the design of dose-finding studies or other dose-response modeling contexts.
Recent Trends of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Insomnia Research

Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to machines or algorithms that do what human intelligence can do and machine learning (ML) is a technology and technique that aims to implement functions such as human learning ability in a computer [1]. Mainly, a supervised learning is used in ML and it is a method that let the algorithm learns a pattern from big data and performs classification for the pre-labeled outcome variable [1]. Deep learning (DL), which is in the spotlight these days, is one of ML, a nonlinear regression technique for learning data and pattern recognition using artificial neural networks (ANNs) [2]. According to a report by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in 2020, AI patent applications doubled in 2018 (60000/year) compared to 2002 (30000/ year) and the proportion in all patent applications is also showing an explosive increase from 9% to 16% [3]. This is a proof that the use of AI has begun to take root in our daily lives. In the medical research field, using AI is showing an explosive increase [2]. It is actively introduced in various fields such as neurology, radiology, ophthalmology, anesthesia, intensive care medicine and oncology [4-8]. Research using AI is also increasing in sleep medicine and the American Academy of Sleep Medicine published a position statement in 2020 [9]. The leading field in Recent Trends of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Insomnia Research
A DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE ON CELEBRITY ATTACHMENT WITH SELF-CONGRUENCE THEORY: INVESTIGATING THE CONSUMER-CELEBRITY-BRAND RELATIONSHIP WITH ITS POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE OUTCOMES

Although previous studies have investigated the effect of celebrity endorsement on variables such as attitudes towards advertisement-brand, research on celebrity attachment is still in its infancy, and its effect on consumer-brand relations is not completely clear. The primary aim of this study is to examine celebrity attachment, which to date has been explained only by self-determination theory, from a different point of view (self-congruence theory) and to investigate its effect on brand attachment. Furthermore, researching the relationships between brand attachment, brand loyalty, and brand addiction is the second aim of this study. Data from 377 surveys collected from the UK were analyzed using SEM. Findings show that actual and ideal self-congruence have positive effects on celebrity attachment, which is consistent with self-congruence theory. Moreover, celebrity attachment also affects brand attachment, while brand attachment positively affects brand loyalty and brand addiction.
The relationships between sense of coherence and self-compassion to job stress with the mediating role of affective control

The purpose of this study was to provide a model for predicting job stress on the basis of self-compassion, sense of coherence (SOC) and affective control. To this end, we used structural equation modelling (SEM). The sample in this research consisted of 330 staff of steel companies selected via simple random sampling. For collecting data, Antonovsky's sense of coherence, Williams et al.’s affective control, self-compassion, and job stress questionnaires were used. Data were analysed via Sobel and Bootstrap statistical tests using SPSS and AMOS, Ver. 22. The results revealed that the direct effect of SOC, selfcompassion, and affective control on the staff’s stress was significant. The indirect effect of self-compassion and SOC on job stress through affective control mediation was also significant. In total, 20% of job stress variance was explained by the variables of the model. Considering the direct and indirect effects of the exogenous and mediating variables on staff job stress, it can be concluded that job stress can be reduced by enhancing affective control, SOC, and self-compassion.
УДК 519.237 THE SEPARATION OF FINITE MIXTURES OF DISTRIBUTIONS

The work is devoted to the study of various methods for constructing estimates of parameters of finite mixtures of distributions, classical algorithms and their applications. The main focus was on maximum likelihood estimation, the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm, and its further testing on modeled data. For conducting research and experiments, a program was written that was used to consider various scenarios of the method behavior depending on the input parameters. It is shown that the EM algorithm can give more accurate estimates with both strongly overlapping and well-separated components for different initial value selections. Ключевые слова: Finite mixtures of distributions, estimates of parameters, ExpectationMaximization algorithm, maximum likelihood estimation Introduction. Numerical data is deeply embedded in our lives, and it is impossible to imagine any industry without studying their features. Many works are devoted to the problems of data analysis, but the potential of working with them is unimaginable, because every day is not like the previous one, and all the data is different from each other. Primary data analysis begins with descriptive statistics, where a suitable distribution is usually selected for existing observations. But in many areas of research, it is often not enough to "fit" just one classical distribution to the base data set. In particular, if the collected data can be considered as coming from two or more subpopulations, then you need to choose the composition of distributions. Such compositions are referred to as distributions for the mixtures or mixtures models. They are determined by the parameters of each component and the mixing proportions in which the components of the mixture are located, and will be investigated in this work. Mixtures of distributions are widely used for mathematical modeling of numerous phenomena in various fields: from biology to Economics and from physics to financial analysis. Therefore, they are a significant and powerful tool for modeling heterogeneous data. And the decomposition of this mixed distribution into its components, which is accompanied by the division of the main groups, can give completely new estimates of parameters and, as a result, new conclusions. The model of finite mixtures of distributions Mix distributions are increasingly used to model heterogeneous data in various important practical situations where data can be considered as arising from two or
Development of an extraction system for the separation of dubnium from rutherfordium using MIBK and HCl/HF solutions

Abstract A chemical separation system was developed to separate group 4 and 5 elements using extraction from HCl/HF solution into methyl-isobutyl-ketone (MIBK). The system is proposed to be applied for a confident assignment of the spontaneous fissioning radionuclide produced as decay product of element 115 either as dubnium (Db, Z = 105) or rutherfordium (Rf, Z = 104). Moreover, extraction systems are proposed allowing the investigation of chemical properties of Db in comparison to the properties of its lighter homologs Nb and Ta.
Oral dysbiosis exacerbates the virulence of Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto via up-regulation of the CPH2 biofilm master gene

Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto is the second to third most frequent cause of candidemia. Studies place this yeast as a frequent colonizer of niches of the oral cavity, predominantly in pathological conditions. We hypothesize that a buccal environment in dysbiosis enhances the virulence of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto. Objective: To evaluate at the phenotype and molecular level the production of biofilm in oral isolates of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto and correlate the results with the clinical origin (dysbiosis versus eubiosis). Material and methods: The biofilm-forming ability was compared in 50 oral isolates of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto obtained from patients with and without oral dysbiosis; by quantification of biofilm biomass and metabolic activity. The results were corroborated by optical and confocal fluorescence microscopy, and correlated with the transcriptional activity of CPH2, by RT-qPCR. The data were analyzed by Excel 2010, and InfoStat 2018, with a 95% confidence interval. Results: The metabolic activity in biofilm was significantly higher in oral dysbiosis relative to control (p = 0.0025). Basal expression of CPH2 increased 2.8 times more in oral dysbiosis related to the control condition and showed no significant differences with pathogenic isolates of this same yeast, derived from onychomycosis lesions. Conclusion: The oral cavity in dysbiosis increases the virulence of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto due to possible changes in epigenetic marks. This finding suggests that the oral cavity in dysbiosis may be an alternative route to the skin in the epidemiology of nosocomial candidemia.
Nutritional and Non-Nutritional Parameters Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A review

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or COPD is the disease that effects the lungs where there is obstruction of the flow of air to the lungs hindering with the normal breathing. A lot of studies have been done, at the national and international level, on the factors associated with the causation and/or treatment of COPD, both nutritional and nonnutritional. In this paper both these aspects have been reviewed. Under the nutritional aspects the effects of high fibre intake and ω-3 fatty acids through dietary sources have been covered. Under non-nutritional aspects, factors covered are cigarette /tobacco smoking, ABH secretor status, age, gender, BMI, MUAC, family history (hereditary factors) and clinical history with special emphasis on childhood respiratory infections. Along with all the above factors, air-pollution is also one of the major concerns for lung health. The respiratory system is affected by air pollutants such as carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, and particulate matters with particle size 2.5 to 10. In these studies, clinical diagnosis of COPD, was based on the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD standard) or the COPD guidelines. The GOLD guidelines, advises spirometry as the gold standard as it is accurate and gives the measurement that are repeatable for the lung function. The cut-off according to GOLD criterion as FEV1/FVC should be between 0.6 to 0.8, where FEV1 and FCV are the lung function measurements and FEV1 is the forced expired volume in one second and FVC is the forced vital capacity
Triangle Model Theory for Enhance the Usability by User Centered Design Process in Human Computer Interaction

User Centered Design process or approach is one of the applicable methods that is using in Human Computer Interaction. This method is based on the relation of user requirement and satisfaction. Several methods are used for the development of user interface and interaction for a system. Human computer interaction tells us what should be the certain interaction and user interface that human can operate easily and efficiently. Any defective user interfaces or interaction methods are not acceptable and also harmful for human life. For developing Interaction methods or user interface are follows by some specific methods and processes. This research is based on the user centered design methods which is vastly uses in human computer interaction. The user centered design method has been developed in this research to overcome the limitations of the methodologies and the complexity of development process. A Triangle Theory Model has presented of the developed version of conventional user centered design methods. A briefly previous research works have been discussed in the field of user centered design methods.
Mining induced displacement and resettlement (MIDR): a case of Muzabula compound in Solwezi mining district Zambia

Liberalisation of the economy in the early 2000s by the Zambian government led to the privatisation of the State owned mining assets. Kansanshi Mine in Solwezi, North-western province of Zambia was sold to First Quantum. When the company started mining in 2004, some families in Muzabula compound that where in proposed mining area were displaced. Mining induced displacement and resettlement (MIDR) led to loss of socio-cultural, economic and environmental aspects of the displaced families thereby affecting their livelihood. Included was loss of land, common property resources, and disruption of social networks, loss of traditional authority and identity and destruction of forests and loss of access to the river. The objective of the research was to evaluate the impact of MIDR on the livelihood of the displaced community of Muzabula Compound. The conceptual and theoretical framework was based on the ‘Impoverishment Risks and Reconstruction model’ that looks at impoverishment risk assessment of socio-cultural, economic and environmental aspect in its analysis that arise from displacement. Qualitative research methods were used to collect data through semi structured interviews with the community, mine representative and government officials. A total number of forty-seven participants took part in the interviews. Grounded theory was used for data analysis and interpretation. Displacement took place in two phases, in 2004 at the beginning of mining and in 2015 during the construction of the smelter road. During the first phase, people were compensated in form of money at $3190 (US Dollars) per 50 x 50 metres of land. The amount included houses, fruit trees, fields and whatever was on the land. The second phase, compensation was in form of good concrete houses better than the mad houses demolished and help in farming inputs and skills. The displaced families who were subsistence farmers improved their produce. The first displacement resulted in increased risks of impoverishment for the displaced due to loss of livelihood as the displaced families were not involved in the planning. The second displacement was properly planned and improved the displaced families’ livelihood. Planning must include all stakeholders who are the community, the government, Civil Society like the Church, Non-Governmental Organisations working in the community and the Mining Company officials. The 96 interests of the community to be displaced must be considered as a first priority. The paper concludes that Government must adhere to policies that govern mining displacement and resettlement to reduce on loss of livelihood for the displaced. In the first displacement this was not considered as the displaced families were not engaged in any planning meetings and were just informed by the government officials and traditional leadership that they will be displaced and compensated.
Nanocellulose sheets from oil palm empty fruit bunches treated with NaOH solution

The objective of this study is to produce nanocellulose sheets from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFBs). Nanocellulose sheets from OPEFBs were prepared through the dewatering process using vacuum filtration. Subsequently, the produced sheets were treated with NaOH solution to improve the mechanical stability of their structure, causing them to be firm in water. The water absorption of nanocellulose sheet increased with increasing NaOH concentrations up to 20 wt%, increasing tensile strength, and Young’s modulus, but decreased when they were treated with 30 wt%. The diameter shrinkage of nanocellulose sheets was directly proportional to the NaOH concentration and soaking time. The images of scanning electron microscope show that the porous structure of the nanocellulose sheets appeared swollen when using NaOH. NaOH treatment above 10 wt% could change the crystalline form from cellulose I to cellulose II. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of nanocellulose sheets could improve with NaOH treatment. The optimum tensile strength and Young’s modulus were achieved in a sixhour immersion process with 20 wt% NaOH.
On-line and off-line application of micro-SPE (MEPS)

Solid-phase extraction (SPE) has revolutionized sample preparation. Variations on the technique offer enhanced recovery, greater speciation and reduced solvent and sample consumption over other techniques. Micro-Extraction Packed Sorbent (MEPS) is the miniaturization of conventional SPE from milliliter to microliter bed volumes that allows SPE to be used with very small samples. The manipulation of the small volumes is achieved with a precision gas tight syringe. With a typical void volume of 7μL, the MEPS elution is compatible with GC and LC inlets making it ideal for integration into an automated sampling system for on-line SPE.
COMPARATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS OF SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST LEADERSHIP IN INDONESIA PRE AND POST 1970

The year 1970 is an important milestone in Seventh-day Adventist organization in Indonesia. First, as the Union of Indonesia was organized in 1929, 1970 is relatively the middle of the Indonesia movement up to now. Second, started in 1970 the leadership in the two Indonesia unions were transferred from non-Indonesian leaders to the native Indonesian. In that relation, this study compares the achievements of the Seventh-day Adventist church leadership in Indonesia pre and post 1970, the year when the leaderships were transferred from non-Indonesian to the native Indonesian, from the view of membership, numbers of churches, as well as the institutional and landmarks establishments.The finding indicates that the achievements of Seventh-day Adventist church in Indonesia under leadership of native Indonesia post 1970 is significantly decrease when compared to the non-Indonesian leadership in previous period from the view of membership growth(83.55%) and number of churches (102.94%). This conclusion is indicated by average annual membership growth which decreases from 7.81% in Period 1 of to 3.56% in Period 2 and the average annual number of churches growth which decreases from 5.30% in Period 1 of to 2.69%. The statistical data also reported that most of current major institutions and landmarks were established during the leadership of non-Indonesian. Nevertheles, the leadership in Period 2 had maintained the institutions and developed them into more sophisticated institutions.
Interleukin (IL)-1β Gene Expression Analysis After Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Challenge in Chicken Monocyte-Derived Macrophages

BACKGROUND: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) is a gram-negative facultative intracellular bacterium with the ability to infect a wide range of hosts. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to provide a snapshot of the immune responses against ST challenge in primary chicken monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) by evaluating the transcriptional changes in inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β. METHODS: After preparing blood MDMs, cell monolayers were challenged with ST at a multiplicity of infection of 50. Transcriptional analyses of inflammatory cytokine IL-1β were performed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction using SYBR Green dye. RESULTS: The results indicated that wildtype ST challenge in avian MDMs favors the differentiation of macrophages toward the alternatively activated M2-like cells through downregulating inflammatory IL-1β. CONCLUSIONS: The findings demonstrated the preferential differentiation of chicken macrophages toward the alterna-tively activated M2-like cells upon ST infection. Further improvement of the existing control measures, such as vaccination and molecular-based immunotherapeutic strategies against poultry salmonellosis requires a better understand-ing of mechanisms involved in the immunomodulatory actions of Salmonella in immune cells in future studie
Inhibition of pancreatic lipase by gallic acid and quercetin equivalent in ultrasonicated Malaysian grown Aquilaria spp. leaves of different particle size

Pancreatic lipase inhibitory compounds (gallic acid and quercetin) and their inhibition properties were determined in the crude extract of matured leaves from widely grown Aquilaria spp. in Malaysia, which are Aquilaria malaccensis and Aquilaria subintegra. The leaves were dried at 60 °C for 24 hours and undergone a pre-treatment method by using ultrasonication, within 30 minutes of reaction. Dried matured leaves were ground and sieved into particle sizes of 250, 300, 400, 500, and 1000 µm. Each particle size was soaked in distilled water with a ratio of 1% (w/v) for 24 hours, prior to ultrasonication process. Particle size of 250 µm resulted in the highest concentration of gallic acid and quercetin equivalent for both species of Aquilaria, wherein 89.99 mg/ml of gallic acid equivalent and 0.0295 mg/ml of quercetin equivalent were obtained in A. malaccensis crude leaves extract and in A. subintegra crude extract, 101.27 mg/ml and 0.0373 mg/ml were obtained, respectively. Thus, this sample was used in the inhibition study of pancreatic lipase. The concentrations of substrate and enzyme activity prepared were varied in the inhibition kinetics study. Based on the inhibition of pancreatic lipase, the crude leaves extract of both Aquilaria species exhibited the mixed-inhibition which is also known to be the non-competitive inhibition because the reaction mechanism showing the binding of inhibitor to the free pancreatic lipase and pancreatic lipase-substrate complex. This research is one of the fundamental works for future studies on the natural source to control obesity, which is a new direction of the key research in lipase inhibition.