Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examining Intervention Design: Lessons from the Development of Eight Related Malaria Health Care Intervention Studies

Abstract—Rigorous evidence of “what works” to improve health care is in demand, but methods for the development of interventions have not been scrutinized in the same ways as methods for evaluation. This article presents and examines intervention development processes of eight malaria health care interventions in East and West Africa. A case study approach was used to draw out experiences and insights from multidisciplinary teams who undertook to design and evaluate these studies. Four steps appeared necessary for intervention design: (1) definition of scope, with reference to evaluation possibilities; (2) research to inform design, including evidence and theory reviews and empirical formative research; (3) intervention design, including consideration and selection of approaches and development of activities and materials; and (4) refining and finalizing the intervention, incorporating piloting and pretesting. Alongside these steps, projects produced theories, explicitly or implicitly, about (1) intended pathways of change and (2) how their intervention would be implemented.The work required to design interventions that meet and contribute to current standards of evidence should not be underestimated. Furthermore, the process should be recognized not only as technical but as the result of micro and macro social, political, and economic contexts, which should be acknowledged and documented in order to infer generalizability. Reporting of interventions should go beyond descriptions of final intervention components or techniques to encompass the development process. The role that evaluation possibilities play in intervention design should be brought to the fore in debates over health care improvement.
Narrative skill and testimonial accuracy in typically developing children and those with intellectual disabilities

Summary Children must describe maltreatment coherently for their testimony to be influential in court. We know little about how well children with intellectual disabilities (CWID) describe their experiences relative to typically developing (TD) children, despite CWID's vulnerability to maltreatment. We investigated children's reports of an experienced event and compared coherence in CWID (mild to moderate impairment: 7–11 years) with TD children matched for mental (4–10 years) or chronological age (7–11 years). All children included important markers of narrative coherence in their reports. Children with lower mental ages, particularly those with an intellectual disability, included fewer markers of narrative coherence in their reports than children with higher mental ages. Individual markers of narrative coherence, particularly recall of content, predicted accuracy of testimony and resistance to suggestion even when disability and mental age were taken into account. These findings highlight the importance of helping children to describe their experiences coherently.
Epiphyte type and sampling height impact mesofauna communities in Douglas-fir trees

Branches and boles of trees in wet forests are often carpeted with lichens and bryophytes capable of providing periodically saturated habitat suitable for microfauna, animals that include tardigrades, rotifers, nematodes, mites, and springtails. Although resident microfauna likely exhibit habitat preferences structured by fine-scale environmental factors, previous studies rarely report associations between microfaunal communities and habitat type (e.g., communities that develop in lichens vs. bryophytes). Microfaunal communities were examined across three types of epiphyte and three sampling heights to capture gradients of microenvironment. Tardigrades, rotifers, and nematodes were significantly more abundant in bryophytes than fruticose lichen or foliose lichen. Eight tardigrade species and four tardigrade taxa were found, representing two classes, three orders, six families, and eight genera. Tardigrade community composition was significantly different between bryophytes, foliose lichen, fruticose lichen, and sampling heights. We show that microenvironmental factors including epiphyte type and sampling height shape microfaunal communities and may mirror the environmental preferences of their epiphyte hosts.
Assessment of the kidney and lung as immune barriers and hematopoietic sites in the invasive apple snail Pomacea canaliculata

Knowledge on the immune system of Pomacea canaliculata is becoming increasingly important, because of this gastropod’s role as intermediate host and vector of Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the etiologic agent of eosinophilic meningitis in humans and domestic animals. Immune defenses of this gastropod comprise both humoral and cellular components, but they may also involve organs that act as immune barriers to prevent the spread of alien molecules and organisms. Both the kidney and lung are here shown to serve this function, because of (1) their positions in blood circulation, (2) the intricate architecture of their blood spaces, and (3) the proliferative and nodulation reactions of hemocytes to an immune challenge. However, these organs differ in that only the kidney shows permanent hemocyte aggregations. Microcirculation in the kidney was found to flow through an intricate vascular bed containing the permanent aggregations, which occurred either as hemocyte islets anchored by cytoplasmic projections of the renal epithelium or as perivascular accretions. Within 96 h of the injection of yeast cells, hemocyte nodules were formed both in the kidney and lung. Moreover, cell proliferation in renal hemocyte islets was measured by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. The proportion of BrdU positive nuclei increased 48 h after injection. Signs of nodule regression (apoptotic bodies, lipofuscin-like deposits) and a decrease in the proportion of BrdU positive nuclei were found at 96 h. In addition, the area of renal hemocyte islets was significantly increased 96 h after injection. Nevertheless, the high complexity of the small vascular chambers that constitute the lung’s respiratory lamina would also facilitate hemocyte-antigen contacts, required to elicit cellular aggregation, and hence, nodulation. To our knowledge, this paper includes the first quantitative indication of hemocyte proliferation after an immune challenge among Caenogastropoda.
Effects of Lentivirus-Mediated C3 Expression on Trabecular Meshwork Cells and Intraocular Pressure

Purpose We evaluated the effects of lentivirus-mediated exoenzyme C3 transferase (C3) expression on cultured primary human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells in vitro, and on rat intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods HTM cells were cultured and treated with lentivirus vectors expressing either green fluorescent protein (GFP) only (LV-GFP) or GFP and C3 together (LV-C3-GFP). Changes in cell morphology and actin stress fibers were assessed. The vectors were also injected into the anterior chamber of rats, and GFP expression was visualized by a Micron III Retinal Imaging Microscope in vivo and a fluorescence microscope ex vivo. Changes in rat IOP were monitored by using a rebound tonometer and the eyes were evaluated by slit lamp. Results LV-mediated C3 expression induced morphologic changes in HTM cells. The cells became retracted and rounded. GFP expression in the anterior chamber angle of rats was observed in vivo from 8 days to 48 days after injection of LV-C3-GFP or LV-GFP. IOP was significantly decreased in the LV-C3-GFP group starting 3 days post injection, and lasting for at least 40 days, when compared to either the contralateral control eyes (the LV-GFP group) or the ipsilateral baseline before injection (P < 0.05). No obvious inflammatory signs were observed in either the LV-C3-GFP or LV-GFP groups. Conclusions LV-mediated C3 expression induced changes in morphology of cultured HTM cells. Intracameral injection of LV-C3-GFP lowered rat IOP for at least 40 days. No significant inflammatory reactions were observed in either the LV-C3-GFP or LV-GFP groups. This study supports the possible use of C3 gene therapy for the treatment of glaucoma.
Non-Surgical Management of Gastroduodenal Fistula Caused by Ingested Neodymium Magnets

Foreign body ingestions pose a significant health risk in children. Neodymium magnets are high-powered, rare-earth magnets that is a serious issue in the pediatric population due to their strong magnetic force and high rate of complications. When multiple magnets are ingested, there is potential for morbidity and mortality, including gastrointestinal fistula formation, obstruction, bleeding, perforation, and death. Many cases require surgical intervention for removal of the magnets and management of subsequent complications. However, we report a case of multiple magnet ingestion in a 19-month-old child complicated by gastroduodenal fistula that was successfully treated by endoscopic removal and supportive care avoiding the need for surgical intervention. At two-week follow-up, the child was asymptomatic and upper gastrointestinal series obtained six months later demonstrated resolution of the fistula.
Prealbumin and Retinol Binding Proteins Are Not Usable for Nutrition Follow-Up in Pediatric Intensive Care Units

Purpose Feeding children is a problem in pediatric intensive care units (PICU) and it is difficult to know the correct amount. The purpose of this study is to evaluate if prealbumin or retinol binding proteins (RBP) are effective relative to daily enteral nutrition, without being affected by severity of diseases or infections and can be used to follow up nutritional amount. Methods This is a prospective observational study that includes 81 patients admitted to PICU in Akdeniz University with estimated duration >72 hours, age between 1 month and 8 years. Daily calorie and protein intake were calculated and prealbumin, RBP and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured on the first, third, fifth and seventh mornings. Results We find moderate correlation between daily calorie intake and prealbumin levels (r=0.432, p<0.001), RBP levels and daily protein intake (r=0.330, p<0.001). When we investigated the relationship between changes of prealbumin, RBP, CRP, calorie and protein intake during intensive care stay, we found that increase of Prealbumin and RBP levels are explained by decrease of CRP levels (r=−0.546 and −0.645, p<0.001) and not with increase of nourishment. Conclusion Even adjusted for PRISM3, age and CRP, prealbumin and RBP are correlated with last 24 hours' diet. However, it is not convenient to use as a follow up biomarker because increase of their levels is related with decrease of CRP levels.
Movements and dispersal of brown trout (Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758) in Mediterranean streams: influence of habitat and biotic factors

Dispersal is a critical determinant of animal distribution and population dynamics, and is essential information for management planning. We studied the movement patterns and the influence of habitat and biotic factors on Mediterranean brown trout (Salmo trutta) by mark-recapture methods in three headwater streams of the Ebro Basin (NE Iberian Peninsula). Fish were sampled by electrofishing on five occasions over 18–24 months and movements of over 3,000 individually tagged trout (age 1+ onwards) were recorded. Most of the tagged fish exhibited limited movement and were recaptured within 100 m from the initial capture section. Small seasonal differences in the movement pattern were observed, but in two of the streams, displacement distances increased prior the spawning period in autumn. The frequency distributions of dispersal distances were highly leptokurtic and skewed to the right and fitted well to a two-group exponential model, thus trout populations were composed of mobile and stationary individuals, the latter being the predominant component in the populations (71.1–87.5% of individuals). The mean dispersal distances, for fish captured at least in three sampling events, ranged 20.7–45.4 m for the stationary group and 229.4–540.5 m for the mobile group. Moving brown trout were larger than non-moving individuals and exhibited higher growth rates in two of the streams. Habitat features were not consistently linked to movement rates, but there were some interaction effects between stream and habitat characteristics such as depth, cover and water velocity.
Enhanced expression of PD-L1 in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer after treatment with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin

Immune checkpoint molecules, such as PD-1/PD-L1, are reported to be closely associated with suppression of antitumor immunity, and their inhibitors have been used to treat various cancers including bladder cancer. However, there have been only a few studies investigating the effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) administration on expression of the immune checkpoint molecules in bladder cancer. The current study examined the expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 before and after BCG in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients. Tissue microarrays of 22 BCG-resistant NMIBC patients were stained by immunohistochemistry with antibodies against PD-L1, PD-L2, and CD8, and were compared between before and after BCG. The expression levels of PD-L1, but not of PD-L2, were significantly increased after BCG treatment on tumor cells (p < 0.001) and tumor-infiltrating inflammatory cells (p = 0.030) within tumor tissues, as well as on inflammatory cells within non-tumor normal tissues (p = 0.003). Although CD8+ T cells were significantly increased within tumor tissues (p = 0.005) and non-tumor normal tissues (p = 0.007) after BCG treatment, they might be not effective for anti-tumor immunity. This study demonstrated for the first time that expression of PD-L1, which might contribute to the immune escape mechanism, was enhanced on tumor tissue after BCG treatment in BCG-resistant NMIBC patients. Our finding thus propose that immunotherapy with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies could be feasible as combination treatment with BCG or as secondary treatment at relapse after BCG in NMIBC patients.
Phospholipidation of nuclear proteins by the human papillomavirus E6 oncoprotein: implication in carcinogenesis

Phospholipids regulate numerous cellular functions and their deregulation is known to be associated with cancer development. Here, we show for the first time that expression of the E6 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus type 8 (HPV8) leads to a profound increase in nuclear phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) lipid levels in monolayer cultures, that led to an aberrant phospholipidation of cellular proteins. Elevated PI(4,5)P2 levels in organotypic skin cultures, skin tumors of K14-HPV8-E6 transgenic mice as well as HPV8 positive skin carcinomas highly suggest a decisive role of PI(4,5)P2 in HPV associated squamous-cell-carcinoma development. Furthermore, mass-spectrometric analysis confirmed an increase of PI(4,5)P2, which was characterized by a shift in the distribution of lipid species. PI(4,5)P2 upregulation was independent of E6 interference with MAML1. However, E6 does interfere with the PI(4,5)P2 metabolic pathway by upregulation of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate-5-kinase type I and phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase type II as well as the binding to 5’-phosphatase OCRL and phosphatidylinositol. All of these mechanisms combined may contribute to PI(4,5)P2 elevation in E6 positive cells. The identification of CAND1 and SND1 – two proteins known to be involved in carcinogenic processes – were significantly stronger phospholipidized in the presence of E6. In conclusion we provide evidence that the modulation of the PI(4,5)P2 metabolism is a novel oncogenic mechanism relevant for HPV-induced carcinogenesis.
Multidimensional Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory English 2 Abstract The Multidimensional Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory

The Multidimensional Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory (MPCI; Kobori & Tanno, 2004) is a promising new instrument developed in Japan to assess perfectionism cognitions regarding personal standards, pursuit of perfection, and concern over mistakes. The present study examined reliability and validity of the English version of the MPCI, the MPCI-E (Kobori, 2006), in a sample of 371 native English speakers. A confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the MPCI-Es three-factorial oblique structure. Moreover, correlations with measures of dispositional perfectionism and past-week positive and negative affect provided first evidence of the MPCI-Es convergent and differential validity. Finally, hierarchical multiple regressions indicated that the MPCI-E showed incremental validity in explaining variance in positive and negative affect above variance explained by dispositional perfectionism. Overall, the findings provide first evidence for the reliability and validity of the MPCI-E as a multidimensional measure of perfectionism cognitions that has the potential to further our understanding of positive and negative cognitions in perfectionism.
A review of the reproductive biology of the only known matrotrophic viviparous anuran, the West African Nimba toad, Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis

Amphibians, and anurans in particular, show the highest diversity of reproductive modes among tetrapods. Nevertheless, viviparity is scarce in anurans and its occurrence is even more often assumed rather than confirmed. Probably the best studied viviparous amphibian is the Nimba toad, Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis. During more than 40 years of research, the Nimba toad’s reproductive morphology, endocrine activity of the ovary as well as the pituitary gland, and to some extent the ecological impact (seasonality, humidity, food availability) on reproduction was examined. Due to the Nimba toad’s unique reproductive mode, summaries are usually included in reviews discussing amphibian reproduction and articles on reproductive biology often discuss the exceptional reproductive system of Nimba toads. However, to our knowledge a detailed synthesis, summarising all the different original studies on the toad’s reproduction, is so far missing. In this paper we review and summarise all available initial publications, which often have been published in French and/or are difficult to access. A short overview is given of the climatic and environmental conditions experienced by Nimba toads and the key findings supporting a “true” viviparous reproduction with matrotrophy (maternal provision of nutrition during the gestation) and pueriparity (birth of juveniles). Then foetal development (morphological, gonad and pituitary development), and the female (ovary, oviduct, pituitary and their endocrine interactions) and the male reproductive system (testes and pituitary) are reviewed. Finally, the reproductive cycle and its link to the Nimba mountains’ seasonality and ecological/ conservation implications are discussed.
Optimism, Hope and Mental Health: Optimism, Hope, Psychological Well-Being and Psychological Distress among Students, University of Pune, India

The purpose of the current study is to examine the relationships between hope, optimism and mental health (psychological well-being and psychological distress) among students. A total of 222 students (132 males and 90 females) at the University of Pune from India completed inventories Revision of the Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), the Trait Hope Scale (THS) and the Mental Health Inventory (MHI) that assessed their optimism, hope and psychological well-being and psychological distress. The results of the study showed that optimism and hope were significantly correlated with each other. Optimism is positively related to psychological well-being and optimism is negatively related to psychological distress. Also, hope was positively related to psychological well-being. However, the findings suggest that optimism and hope could influence on mental health. Keywords—Hope, optimism, psychological distress, psychological well-being.
Face anti-spooﬁng via motion magniﬁcation and multifeature videolet aggregation

For robust face biometrics, a reliable anti-spoofing approach has become an essential pre-requisite against attacks. While spoofing attacks are possible with any biometric modality, face spoofing attacks are relatively easy which makes facial biometrics especially vulnerable. This paper presents a new framework for face spoofing detection in videos using motion magnification and multifeature evidence aggregation in a windowed fashion. Microand macrofacial expressions commonly exhibited by subjects are first magnified using Eulerian motion magnification. Next, two feature extraction algorithms, a configuration of local binary pattern and motion estimation using histogram of oriented optical flow, are used to encode texture and motion (liveness) properties respectively. Multifeature windowed videolet aggregation of these two orthogonal features, coupled with support vector machine classification provides robustness to different attacks. The proposed approach is evaluated and compared with existing algorithms on publicly available Print Attack, Replay Attack, and CASIA-FASD databases. The proposed algorithm yields state-of-the-art performance and robust generalizability with low computational complexity.
Shared Cognitions and Shared Theories: Telling More Than We Can Know by Ourselves?

Despite recent advances in group cognition research, a clear conceptualization of collective cognition is lacking. In order to assist researchers in their conceptualization of group cognition, a separation between shared cognitions and shared theories is proposed. Shared cognitions can be operationally defined as cognitive functioning shared by a set of group members (e.g., shared rationale for decision making process), while shared theories can be understood as perceptual beliefs shared by a set of group members (e.g., shared norms, values, identities). Using this dual process model, evidence for a conceptualization of group cognition as shared social theories will be delineated, and implications for understanding past research in group cognition and decision making will be discussed.
Synthesis and Analysis of Hyperbranched Oligofluorenes for Optoelectronic Applications †

Monodisperse oligofluorenes have an advantage over their polymeric counterparts due to the precise values of electronic energy levels, which are determined by their well-defined structure. They can be synthesized with high purity and exhibit complete batch-to-batch reproducibility of their physical properties. The extension of oligofluorene dimensionality by branching their conjugated backbone leads to star-shaped conjugated systems and dendrimers. Truxene and isotruxene units are natural branching points for oligofluorene systems, as they comprise the fluorene structure as a subunit and create star-shaped oligomers with a virtually no-core moiety. Dendrimers and star-shaped oligofluorenes exhibit increased solubility, improved film-forming, thermal, optical and electrochemical properties which make them attractive for optoelectronic applications.
Improve Intelligent Agents for Information Interoperability in the Spatial-Temporal Channel

-This paper introduces the needs of information interoperability on the information grid. It proposes the Spatial-Temporal Channel concept based on the Channel Theory to support grid information sharing. Intelligent agents are the suitable tools to build the Spatial-Temporal Channel. The paper shows that the integration of agent communication ability and ontology can improve the ability of intelligent agents so that they can maintain the Channel. It presents the implementation method of intelligent agents.