Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Food-Derived Bioactive Peptides with Antioxidative Capacity, Xanthine Oxidase and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity

Bioactive peptides (BPs) released by proteases from different food protein sources are often served as antioxidants in food applications. This study aims to investigate 11 BPs derived from fish and egg white as potential natural antioxidants by antioxidant activity assays. The kinetic activity of the BPs against xanthine oxidase (XOD) and tyrosinase was also analyzed. The antioxidative capacity of the BPs indicated that VWWW (VW4, mackerel meat), followed by IRW (IW3, egg white) and VKAGFAWTANQQLS (VS14, tuna backbone protein), possessed the highest antioxidant activity in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and reducing power (RP) assays. Both the free-radical scavenging score predicted from the AnOxPePred algorithm and the DPPH, ABTS and RP results indicated that VW4 was the best antioxidant. Furthermore, the XOD and tyrosinase inhibition by three selected peptides exhibited competitive patterns of effective inhibition. The half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of the peptides for XOD inhibition were 5.310, 3.935, and 1.804 mM for VW4, IW3, and VS14, respectively, and they could serve as competitive natural XOD inhibitors. The IC50 of the peptides for tyrosinase inhibition were 1.254, 2.895, and 0.595 mM for VW4, IW3, and VS14, respectively. Overall, VW4, IW3, and VS14 are potential antioxidants and natural XOD inhibitors for preventing milk-fat oxidation, and anti-browning sources for inhibiting food-derived tyrosinase oxidation.
Popular Ethnomedicinal Plant Alstonia scholaris Induces Neurotoxicity-related Behavioural Changes in Swiss Albino Mice

Plants constituents are a reliable source of the remedial need of humanity for ages by being the basis of the traditional medicinal system and often serving as the prototype for designing modern medicine. Several plants are used in traditional medicine for ages without proper administration guidelines in terms of dosages. Several toxicological analyses revealed side-effects of such therapies beyond a specific dose. One such plant is Alstonia scholaris, widely used in numerous traditional medicines to treat diseases like ulcers, asthma, diabetes, etc. The present study investigated the neurotoxic effect of the plant extract through oxidative stress in Swiss albino mice. The treated mice showed anxiety, neophobic and depression-like properties compared to control mice. The biochemical parameters show an increase in Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration while decreasing the total protein content in different brain regions of treated mice. The Glutathione Reductase (GR) activity shows an increase in treated mice compared to the control one. The study indicates that Alstonia scholaris may cause severe damage to the central nervous system when administered without a proper guideline.
Micro-structure of Butter and Its Influence on the Pastry Quality

高濃度クリームを原料とするバターの製パイ特性を調べた結果,バター物性値(硬さ)との強い相関が判明した. また同バターの微細構造観察結果から,製パイ適性の良好であったバター組織は,微小結晶が多く,それら結晶間に液体脂肪を取り込んでいる構造と推定された. また同製造工程中での圧力付与によりその構造が変化し,形成された結晶塊が組織中に適度に分散しているものと推定された.
Nomogram for chemotherapy decision-making in patients with small triple-negative breast tumor: A population-based study

Purpose: Small triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) without lymph node invasion is considered less aggressive. This study aimed to develop nomograms for deciding on the appropriateness of chemotherapy for these patients.Methods: The data of patients diagnosed with T1abN0M0 TNBC between 2010 and 2016 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Clinicodemographic characteristics were integrated into nomograms for predicting overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS). Nomogram performance was analyzed according to calibration and discrimination. The subpopulation treatment effect pattern plot (STEPP) was further applied to make individualized chemotherapeutic decisions.Results: Overall, 3133 patients with T1abN0M0 TNBC were evaluated; they were divided equally into the training and validation cohorts. Most tumors were grade III (62.6%) and ductal carcinoma of no special type (88.8%). The median follow-up time was 44.0 months, and 133 patients (4.3%) died by the end of the follow-up. Eight independent prognostic factors, namely, age, race, marital status, tumor size, histology, grade, surgery, and chemotherapy, were identified and used in nomogram construction. The calibration curves showed satisfactory agreement between prediction and observation. The C-indices of the nomograms were significantly higher than those of traditional TNM staging (OS: 0.701 vs 0.503; BCSS: 0.691 vs 0.506). The patients in the training cohort were stratified into two risk groups based on the OS nomogram score cutoff (213), and the groups showed a significant difference in survival, as was further confirmed in the validation cohort. The STEPPs of 5-year OS according to the nomogram score demonstrated distinct patterns of absolute chemotherapeutic effect, with low-risk patients achieving better survival regardless of chemotherapy. In high-risk patients, a significant and consistent chemotherapeutic benefit was observed at the average of 3.7%. Conclusion: At a cutoff score of ≥ 213, the nomogram accurately identified TNBC patients likely to receive a survival benefit from chemotherapy.
Assessment of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 Mutation by Immunohistochemistry in Egyptian Patients with High-grade Gliomas

BACKGROUND: At present, the classification of central nervous system tumors relies on molecular factors in addition to histologic features to identify many tumor types. This should subsequently results in more accurate diagnosis as well as addressing specific markers of potential prognostic and predictive value. AIM: This study was conducted to emphasize the importance of including isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) evaluation as a crucial part of the diagnosis and categorization of high-grade glioma cases. This also may help to individualize the treatment of high-grade glioma patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The current study included 60 cases of high-grade gliomas, studied histologically and immunohistochemically for the detection of IDH1 mutation. The results were correlated with different clinicopathologic variables and course of the disease. RESULTS: IDH1 immunohistochemical expression was positive in 46.67% of the studied high-grade glioma cases. A statistically significant relationship was detected between IDH1 expression and tumor histologic grade as 100% of Grade III anaplastic oligodendroglioma cases and 80% of the Grade III anaplastic astrocytoma cases were IDH1 positive while only 40.4% of Grade IV glioblastoma cases were IDH1 positive (p = 0.03). In addition, patients who were IDH1 mutant were in a better category of response to radiotherapy (p = 0.019) and also to chemotherapy (p < 0.001). Moreover, patients who expressed IDH1 had prolonged overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival than those who showed negative IDH1expression (p < 0.001). On the other hand, no statistically significant relationship was detected between IDH1 expression and patients age, sex, tumor site, tumor size, motor symptoms, sensory symptoms, and increased intracranial tension (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that IDH1 is a good prognostic marker for gliomas and is a good predictive marker for response to treatment. IDH1 is a promising target for therapy in high-grade gliomas through the emerging IDH1 inhibitors. Immunohistochemical testing for IDH1 is a practical and cost-effective method that should be applied in all glioma cases. Further study on a larger sample size is recommended to validate the current results. Moreover, applying molecular analysis to detect IDH1 mutation is recommended to be able to precisely detect the IDH1 wild-type tumor
Effects of Combined Physical Activity and Cognitive Training on Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is recognized as the earliest prodromal stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Emerging studies explored the effects of combined physical activity and cognitive training interventions on cognitive ability, psychological well-being, and emotion of older adults with SCD, but the results are now still controversial. Objective. This study systematically evaluated the enhancement effects of the combined physical-cognitive interventions on memory self-efficacy, objective cognitive function, psychological well-being, and emotion of older adults with SCD. Methods. Data sources PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang degree and conference papers database, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical (VIP) databases from their inception to 28 February 2020, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Cochrane Library, 2020, Issue 3), and the reference lists of all retrieved articles were searched. Data analysis and bias risk evaluation were conducted in 2020. Two reviewers (SG and YY) independently evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies using the RoB 2 tool. Results. Eleven RCTs involving 1713 participants with SCD (age 68.0 ± 6.1) were included for review and meta-analysis. The interventions in the included studies were physical activity combined with cognitive training. Multiple-modality exercise with mind-motor training, supervised strategy-based memory training sequentially after stationary cycling, Dejian Mind-Body intervention, and physical activity and cognitive stimulation were also practiced. Conclusions. Compared to the active or nonactive control groups, the combined interventions are effective in improving objective cognitive function in SCD which may show the potential value of combined physical-cognitive interventions in improving objective cognitive ability and preventing the conversion of SCD to MCI or AD and no adverse effects. However, owing to the limitations of the included studies, these findings should be interpreted cautiously.
The dosimetric comparison using anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA) and Acuros XB algorithms in the target overlapping with air cavity of pituitary carcinoma

In radiotherapy, the prescription dose delivered to the patient must be accurate with ±5% of overall (1). The treatment planning is an important system to reduce the variation of the dose to patient in the dose calculation process which depends on the dose calculation algorithms. Eclipse treatment planning (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA) provides two mainly algorithms to calculate dose which the one is anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA) and the other one is Acuros XB (AXB) algorithm. The AAA which has been implemented in Eclipse TPS is one of a 3D pencil beam convolution-superposition algorithm. AAA model configuration is based on basic physical parameters which are determined by Monte-Carlo. This algorithm Original Article
Do ecotourism sites enhance rural development in Ghana? Evidence from the Wechiau Community Hippo Sanctuary Project in the Upper West Region, Wa, Ghana

ABSTRACT Globally, ecotourism has become an important component of the tourism sector, partly because it serves as an essential source of livelihood for local communities. The Wechaiu Community Hippo Sanctuary Project (WCHSP) is one of the community-based ecotourism facilities in Ghana with the potential to accelerate development of the area. Studies have investigated the sustainability of the project and the levels of participation in the management of the project. However, these studies have seldom investigated the benefits and costs of the WCHSP to the surrounding communities. Using a concurrent mixed-method involving 206 survey respondents and 13 in-depth interviews, the study found that the development of the resource has led to improved social, economic, health and infrastructural needs of the people but also noted that the resource has indirectly introduced some levels of hardships to the communities due to loss of livelihoods. The policy and practical implication of the study are discussed.
Improved MIMO Modeling and Enhanced Transient Performance of Phase-Locked Loop During Grid Fault

A phase-locked loop (PLL) is commonly used in grid-connected power converter for synchronization. A single input single output (SISO) linear model of PLL with the phase angle of the point of common coupling (PCC) voltage as input and the estimated phase angle as the output is generally used in the PLL analysis and design. However, an undesirable coupling between the magnitude and phase of the input voltage is present when a filtering stage is incorporated before the control loop, which a SISO model cannot capture, and could result in a significant disturbance in the PLL estimated phase during grid faults. This paper proposes a generalized multi-input multi-output (MIMO) linear model that captures the complete PLL dynamics during symmetrical faults for a PLL equipped with any prefilter. Furthermore, a compensation method that decouples the magnitude dynamics of the input voltage from the phase dynamics is proposed in this paper. The proposed compensation improves the PLL's phase tracking performance by ensuring that the prefiltered PLL acts only on the PCC voltage phase changes. A vital application of the proposed compensation method for PLL is during a grid fault case, wherein the converters are expected to contribute to the fault current, which requires an accurate measurement of the PCC voltage phase. The compensation method's effectiveness is demonstrated using power hardware in the loop simulation of a hardware voltage source converter interfaced to a distribution system simulated in real-time.
APPLICATIONS OF SMART TECHNOLOGIES IN BUILDINGS AND THEIR ROLE IN ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE

The research study focused on the importance of integrating smart technologies used in buildings with the principles of sustainable architecture under environmental considerations and determinants to reach a sustainable smart building. Its idea is summarized in the extent to which the smart building is environmentally compatible through the merging and integration between smart technologies and environmental standards that are compatible with sustainability, which achieve the efficiency of the internal environment of the building through rationalization of energy consumption, the exploitation of renewable energy sources and the possibility of collecting environmental data, which called many countries of the world to apply The right thing for smart buildings compatible with sustainability. The importance of the study, which aims to shed light on the role of technologies and smart systems in buildings, in achieving the principles of sustainable architecture, by clarifying the concepts, characteristics and systems of smart buildings, in addition to reviewing the concepts and principles of sustainable architecture and clarifying the elements and determinants of their achievement.
Ethnocultural diversity, Indigeneity, and intercultural understanding in the context of planning for reconciliation: Perspectives from the City of Winnipeg, Manitoba

Through a case study of the city of Winnipeg, this paper examines perspectives on Indigeneity and ethnocultural diversity in the context of planning for reconciliation at the scale of a city as inhabited by both Indigenous and racialized communities. The authors reveal a separation between Indigeneity and immigration discourses in academic literature and in planning practice and problematize the processes by which cities plan for diversity. This paper draws from 42 semi-structured interviews conducted with Indigenous and racialized inhabitants, organizational officials, and planners in Winnipeg to reveal that amid the absence of strong municipal planning and programming, intercultural understanding between Indigenous and immigrant inhabitants has developed in the city, and that planners can do more to help to sustain and enhance it. The authors conclude that by increasing the level of literacy and competency in ethnocultural diversity and in Indigeneity, and by focusing on processes of planning, planners and municipal officials can play a more constructive role in enhancing intercultural relations and advancing reconciliation in Winnipeg and other Canadian cities.
Cost of premature mortality attributable to smoking in the Middle East and North Africa.

Background Tobacco smoking is a leading cause of premature mortality, incurring substantial economic costs. Aims To estimate the rate and cost of premature mortality attributable to smoking in the 24 Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries in 2015. Methods Smoking attributable fractions were estimated. Twenty-four smoking-related diseases were included in the analysis. For each country, the total number of deaths by disease, age, and gender among individuals aged ≥ 15 years were derived from a World Health Organization database. Human capital approach was used in calculating cost of premature mortality. Results Smoking was responsible for 465 285 deaths in MENA countries, resulting in 7 122 706 years of potential life lost, or an average of 15.23 years lost per smoking-related death. Of the total 465 285 smoking-related deaths, 412 415 (88.6%) occurred in men, accounting for 37% of all deaths from the diseases considered in this analysis among men. The total mortality cost attributable to smoking was estimated at US$ 29.7 billion in 2015 (0.76% of MENA's gross domestic product). Turkey was the country most affected by the tobacco epidemic, representing 41% of smoking-related mortality cost in the whole region, followed by Saudi Arabia (8.76%) and Egypt (7.88%). Conclusion Smoking is an important preventable cause of premature mortality in MENA countries. Substantial decline in smoking-attributable deaths and significant economic cost saving can be achieved in this region through more effective tobacco control policies.
Synthetic Applications of Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents Enabled by Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis

Recent advances in the development of environmentally friendly reagents and catalytic systems are discussed. Hypervalent iodine(III) reagents are generally considered to be environmentally friendly, due to their oxidizing properties (comparable with those of heavy metals), in combination with relatively high stability and easy availability. In addition, visible-light photoredox catalysis has been emerging as one of the most rapidly growing fields in organic chemistry. Under visible-light irradiation, photoredox catalysis typically provides reactive radical species under remarkably mild, environmentally friendly and sustainable conditions. Recently, many groups have utilized visible-light-absorbing photoredox catalysts to sensitize hypervalent iodine(III) reagents. In this review we summarize recent applications of hypervalent iodine(III) reagents in visible-light photoredox catalysis.
Extracting Shallow-Water Bathymetry from Lidar Point Clouds Using Pulse Attribute Data: Merging Density-Based and Machine Learning Approaches

Abstract To automate extraction of bathymetric soundings from lidar point clouds, two machine learning (ML 1 ) techniques were combined with a more conventional density-based algorithm. The study area was four data “tiles” near the Florida Keys. The density-based algorithm determined the most likely depth (MLD) for a grid of “estimation nodes” (ENs). Unsupervised k-means clustering determined which EN’s MLD depth and associated soundings represented ocean depth rather than ocean surface or noise to produce a preliminary classification. An extreme gradient boosting (XGB) model was fitted to pulse return metadata – e.g. return intensity, incidence angle – to produce a final Bathy/NotBathy classification. Compared to an operationally produced reference classification, the XGB model increased global accuracy and decreased the false negative rate (FNR) – i.e. undetected bathymetry – that are most important for nautical navigation for all but one tile. Agreement between the final XGB and operational reference classifications ranged from 0.84 to 0.999. Imbalance between Bathy and NotBathy was addressed using a probability decision threshold that equalizes the FNR and the true positive rate (TPR). Two methods are presented for visually evaluating differences between the two classifications spatially and in feature-space.
Design of an algorithm for an adaptive Value at Risk measurement through the implementation of robust methods in relation to asset cross-correlation

This study proposes an algorithmic approach for selecting among different Value at Risk (VaR) estimation methods. The proposed metaheuristic, denominated as “Commitment Machine” (CM), has a strong focus on assets cross-correlation and allows to measure adaptively the VaR, dynamically evaluating which is the most performing method through the minimization of a loss function. The CM algorithm compares five different VaR estimation techniques: the traditional historical simulation method, the filtered historical simulation (FHS) method, the Monte Carlo method with correlated assets, the Monte Carlo method with correlated assets which uses a GARCH model to simulate asset volatility and a Bayesian Vector autoregressive model. The heterogeneity of the compared methodologies and the proposed dynamic selection criteria allow us to be confident in the goodness of the estimated risk measure. The CM approach is able to consider the correlations between portfolio assets and the non-stationarity of the analysed time-series in the different models. The paper describes the techniques adopted by the CM, the logic behind model selection and it provides a market application case of the proposed metaheuristic, by simulating an equally weighted multi-asset portfolio.
IoT Cloud Security Review

Recent years have seen the rapid development and integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing. The market is providing various consumer-oriented smart IoT devices; the mainstream cloud service providers are building their software stacks to support IoT services. With this emerging trend even growing, the security of such smart IoT cloud systems has drawn much research attention in recent years. To better understand the emerging consumer-oriented smart IoT cloud systems for practical engineers and new researchers, this article presents a review of the most recent research efforts on existing, real, already deployed consumer-oriented IoT cloud applications in the past five years using typical case studies. Specifically, we first present a general model for the IoT cloud ecosystem. Then, using the model, we review and summarize recent, representative research works on emerging smart IoT cloud system security using 10 detailed case studies, with the aim that the case studies together provide insights into the insecurity of current emerging IoT cloud systems. We further present a systematic approach to conduct a security analysis for IoT cloud systems. Based on the proposed security analysis approach, we review and suggest potential security risk mitigation methods to protect IoT cloud systems. We also discuss future research challenges for the IoT cloud security area.