Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discovery of large-scale gravitational infall in a massive protostellar cluster

We report Mopra Australia Telescope National Facility (ATNF), Anglo-Australian Telescope and Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment observations of a molecular clump in Carina, BYF73 = G286.21+0.17, which give evidence of large-scale gravitational infall in the dense gas. From the millimetre and far-infrared data, the clump has a mass of ~2 x 10 4 M ⊙ , luminosity of ~2-3 x 10 4 L ⊙ and diameter of ~0.9 pc. From radiative transfer modelling, we derive a mass infall rate of ~3.4 x 10 -2 M ⊙ yr -1 . If confirmed, this rate for gravitational infall in a molecular core or clump may be the highest yet seen. The near-infrared K-band imaging shows an adjacent compact H II region and IR cluster surrounded by a shell-like photodissociation region showing H 2 emission. At the molecular infall peak, the K imaging also reveals a deeply embedded group of stars with associated H 2 emission. The combination of these features is very unusual, and we suggest that they indicate the ongoing formation of a massive star cluster. We discuss the implications of these data for competing theories of massive star formation.
iSTART: Adaptive Comprehension Strategy Training and Stealth Literacy Assessment

Abstract The Interactive Strategy Training for Active Reading and Thinking (iSTART) game-based intelligent tutoring system (ITS) was developed with a foundation of comprehension theory and principles of learning science to improve students’ comprehension of complex scientific texts. iSTART has been shown to improve reading comprehension for learners from middle school through adulthood, particularly lower knowledge readers, through strategy instruction and game-based practice. This paper describes iSTART, the theoretical foundations that have guided iSTART development, and evidence for the feasibility of game-based practice to improve learning outcomes. This paper also introduces a novel method of assessing students’ reading comprehension through game-based literacy assessments that have been incorporated in iSTART. The development of these stealth assessments was guided by recent work emphasizing the need for rapid, dynamic, and low stakes assessments that evaluate students’ reading skills in the context of brief, dynamic games. Stealth assessments can generate estimates of multiple aspects of students’ reading comprehension quickly and within a motivating environment. The work described in this paper is a promising method to assess students’ literacy in an unobtrusive and authentic way that may lead to improved learning outcomes for students.
A self-consistent interpretation of the GeV–TeV emission from a distant blazar PKS 1424+240

We propose a scenario for self-consistent interpretation of GeV-TeV spectrum of a distant blazar PKS 1424+ 240. In this scenario, ultrahigh energy (UHE) protons are assumed to exist in the blazar jet and produce gamma-rays through synchrotron emission emitted by relativistic protons and pair cascades (resulted from p gamma interaction); meanwhile, some of these UHE protons may escape from the jet and are injected into intergalactic space. Therefore, we assume that UHE cosmic rays (UHECRs) originate from relativistic protons in the jet and use energy-independent escape time-scale to obtain UHECR injection spectrum. Both contributions of gamma-rays injected by the source and secondary gamma-rays produced in interactions of UHECRs emitted by the blazar with photon background during their propagation through intergalactic space are calculated. Our results show that this scenario is able to reproduce the GeV-TeV spectrum of PKS 1424+ 240 self-consistently in a broad range of redshifts 0.6 < z < 1.3. The required relativistic jet power L-p similar or equal to 3 x 10(46) erg s(-1) only moderately depends on the assumed source redshift, while the proton escape time-scale (and the injected UHECR luminosity) strongly depends on z. We compare the integral TeV fluxes predicted in our scenario with the sensitivity of the planned Cherenkov Telescope Array, and discuss the implications to future observations.
Speckle Imaging with Hypertelescopes

ABSTRACT Optical stellar interferometers have demonstrated milli-arcsecond resolution with fewapertures spaced hundreds of meters apart. To obtain rich direct images, many aper-tures will be needed, for a better sampling of the incoming wavefront. The coherentimaging thus achievable improves the sensitivity with respect to the incoherent com-bination of successive fringed exposures. Ecient use of highly diluted apertures forcoherent imaging can be done with pupil densi cation, a technique also called \hyper-telescope imaging". Although best done with adaptive phasing, concentrating mostenergy in a dominant interference peak for a rich direct image of a complex source,such imaging is also possible with random phase errors such as caused by turbulent\seeing", using methods such as speckle imaging which uses several short-exposureimages to reconstruct the true image. We have simulated such observations using anaperture which changes through the night, as naturally happens on Earth with xedgrounded mirror elements, and nd that reconstructed images of star clusters and ex-tended objects are of high quality. As part of the study we also estimated the requiredphoton levels for achieving a good signal to noise ratio using such a technique.Key words: instrumentation: high angular resolution, interferometers techniques:interferometric.
Design and implementation of online training platform for logistics management based on JSP technology

Based on JSP technology and SSH framework, the online training platform of logistics management provides a large number of training opportunities for current college students majoring in logistics management, changes the current teaching mode of logistics management, and aims to create a simulation curriculum system of teaching practice for students. The online training platform of logistics management relies on network information technology, which can simulate different job roles and help students to understand and get familiar with the specific operations of various business processes in actual logistics management. With functional modules such as dispatching center, warehouse center, transportation center and production management center, a unique "post training mode" is formed, and brand-new teaching methods are organically integrated into the actual logistics management. This strengthens students' hands-on ability and independent innovation ability, improves their familiarity with professional skills, further broadens students' horizons and expands their knowledge fields, so that students can improve their comprehensive quality to adapt to social work through practical training and become a qualified application-oriented high-quality talent.
New Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle Observations of z < 1.5 sub‐damped Lyman α systems

The damped Lyman a (DLA) and sub-damped Lyman a (sub-DLA) systems seen in the spectra of quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) offer a unique way to study the interstellar medium (ISM) of high-redshift galaxies. In this paper, we report on new abundance determinations in a sample of 10 new systems, nine of the lesser studied sub-DLAs and one DLA along the line of sight to seven QSOs from spectra taken with the Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle spectrograph. Lines of Mg i, Mg II, Al II, Al III, Can, Mn II, Fe II and Zn II were detected. Here, we give the column densities and equivalent widths of the observed absorption lines, as well as the abundances determined for these systems. Zn, a relatively undepleted element in the local ISM is detected in one system with a high metallicity of [Zn/H] = +0.27 ± 0.18. In another system, a high abundance based on the more depleted element Fe is seen with [Fe/H] = -0.37 ± 0.13, although Zn is not detected. The N H1 -weighted mean metallicity of these sub-DLA systems based on Fe is ([Fe/H]) = -0.76 ± 0.11, nearly ∼0.7 dex higher (a factor of 5) than what is seen in DLAs in this redshift range. The relative abundance of [Mn/Fe] is also investigated. A clear trend is visible for these systems as well as systems from the literature, with [Mn/Fe] increasing with increasing metallicity in good agreement with Milky Way stellar abundances.
High energy properties of the flat spectrum radio quasar 4C 50.11

We investigate the γ-ray and X-ray properties of the flat spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) 4C 50.11 at redshift z = 1.517. The Fermi-LAT data indicate that this source was in an active state since July 2013. During this active period, the source’s emission appeared harder in γ-rays, with the flux having increased by more than a factor of three. We analyze two distinct flares seen in the active state and find that the variability is as short as several hours. The Swift-XRT data show that the source was variable at X-ray energies, but no evidence is found for flux or spectral changes related to the γ-ray activity. The broad-band X-ray spectrum obtained with Swift-XRT and NuSTAR is described well by a broken power law model, with an extremely flat spectrum (Γ1 ∼ 0.1) below the break energy, Ebreak ∼ 2.1 keV, and Γ2 ∼ 1.5 above the break energy. The spectral flattening below∼ 3 keV is likely due to the low energy cut-off in the energy distribution of the photon-emitting electron population. We fit the broad-band spectral energy distribution of the source during both the active and quiescent states. The X-ray and γ-ray emission from the jet is mainly due to the inverse-Compton scattering process, with seed photons provided from the broad line region, and the jet is estimated to be larger than the accretion power if the jet is mainly composed of electron-proton pairs.
Strain-induced topological phase transition in phosphorene and in phosphorene nanoribbons

Using the tight-binding (TB) approximation with inclusion of the spin-orbit interaction, we predict a topological phase transition in the electronic band structure of phosphorene in the presence of axial strains. We derive a low-energy TB Hamiltonian that includes the spin-orbit interaction for bulk phosphorene. Applying a compressive biaxial in-plane strain and perpendicular tensile strain in ranges where the structure is still stable leads to a topological phase transition. We also examine the influence of strain on zigzag phosphorene nanoribbons (zPNRs) and the formation of the corresponding protected edge states when the system is in the topological phase. For zPNRs up to a width of 100 nm the energy gap is at least three orders of magnitude larger than the thermal energy at room temperature.
Energy Level Engineering in In_x Ga_(1-x) As/GaAs Quantum Dots Applicable to QD-Lasers by Changing the Stoichiometric Percentage

Band edge and energy levels of truncated pyramidal In_x Ga_(1-x) As/GaAs (001) quantum dots are studied by single-band effective mass approach, and the dependence to stoichiometric percentages is investigated. It is shown that enhancement of indium percentage decreases the band gap and the recombination energy of electrons and holes. Our principal result is that decrease of recombination energy and band gap is nonlinear and the slopes are different band gap and e-h recombination energy. In addition, it is proved that strain tensor is diagonal along z-axis and the absolute value of the components gets larger by more indium inclusion. Our results appear to be in very good consonance with similar studies. Keywords: quantum dot, band structure, strain tensor, indium percentage.
Holographic Superconductors in z = 3 Horava-Lifshitz Gravity without condition of detailed balance

We study holographic superconductors in a Ho\v{r}ava-Lifshitz black hole without the condition of the detailed balance. We show that it is easier for the scalar hair to form as the parameter of the detailed balance becomes larger, but harder when the mass of the scalar field larger. We also find that the ratio of the gap frequency in conductivity to the critical temperature, $\omega_{g}/T_c$, almost linear decreases with the increase of the balance constant. For $\epsilon= 0$ the ratio reduces to Cai's result $\omega_g/T_c\approx 13$ found in the Ho\v{r}ava-Lifshitz black hole with the condition of the detailed balance, while as $\epsilon \rightarrow 1$ it tends to Horowitz-Roberts relation $\omega_g/T_c\approx 8$ obtained in the AdS Schwarzschild black hole. Our result provides a bridge between the results for the H\v{o}rava-Lifshitz theory with the condition of the detailed balance and Einstein's gravity.
AN Hα NUCLEAR SPIRAL STRUCTURE IN THE E0 ACTIVE GALAXY Arp 102B

We report the discovery of a two-armed mini-spiral structure within the inner kiloparsec of the E0 LINER/Seyfert 1 galaxy Arp 102B. The arms are observed in Hα emission and located east and west of the nucleus, extending up to ≈1 kpc from it. We use narrow-band imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys, in combination with archival Very Large Array radio images at 3.6 and 6 cm to investigate the origin of the nuclear spiral. From the Hα luminosity of the spiral, we obtain an ionized gas mass of the order of 106 solar masses. One possibility is that the nuclear spiral represents a gas inflow triggered by a recent accretion event which has replenished the accretion disk, giving rise to the double-peaked emission-line profiles characteristic of Arp 102B. However, the radio images show a one-sided curved jet which correlates with the eastern spiral arm observed in the Hα image. A published milliarcsecond radio image also shows a one-sided structure at position angle ≈40°, approximately aligned with the inner part of the eastern spiral arm. The absence of a radio counterpart to the western spiral arm is tentatively interpreted as indicating that the jet is relativistic, with an estimated speed of 0.45c. Estimates of the jet kinetic energy and the ionizing luminosity of the active nucleus indicate that both are capable of ionizing the gas along the spiral arms. We conclude that, although the gas in the nuclear region may have originated in an accretion event, the mini spiral is most likely the result of a jet–cloud interaction rather than an inflowing stream.
COP: A Combinational Optimization Power Budgeting Method for Manycore Systems in Dark Silicon

Dark silicon is a phenomenon of under-utilization in today's manycore systems due to power and thermal limitations. In order to improve the performance of dark silicon systems, it is necessary to adopt dynamic power constraints for different core mapping decisions. However, existing power budgeting methods are generally over pessimistic, e.g., Thermal Safe Power (TSP), or over optimistic, e.g., Greedy based Dynamic Power (GDP). This paper proposes a practical power budgeting method, called Combinational Optimization Power (COP). Different from existing methods, which ignore some actual factors, such as communication overhead and lifetime reliability, COP formulates the power budgeting problem as a thermal-constrained combinational optimization power problem. For the steady-state case, COP achieves the target fusion of optimized temperature and communication energy consumption by applying task priority ranking and task-to-core mapping. For the transient case, COP uses the rainflow counting algorithm to construct the reliability framework based on the thermal cycling failure mechanism, and then establishes a linear time-invariant transient temperature model to obtain the core mapping selection and the corresponding dynamic power budget. Experimental results demonstrate that COP is capable of providing an optimized core mapping decision, which can maximize power budget while ensuring the system performance.
Correlation Analysis of Earthquake Intensity Measures and Engineering Demand Parameters of Reactor Containment Structure

This study aims to analyze the correlation between earthquake Intensity Measures (IMs) and seismic responses of a reactor containment building in an APR-1400 nuclear power plant. A total of 20 IMs were employed to develop Seismic Demand Regression Models (SDRMs), which show the relationship between IMs and engineering demand parameters. A numerical model of the structure was constructed using the Lumped-Mass Stick Model (LMSM) in SAP2000. Additionally, a three-dimensional finite element model was developed to validate the simplified LMSM approach. A set of 90 ground motion records was used to perform a time-history analysis, where the motions cover a wide range of amplitude, intensity, epicenter distance, significant duration, and frequency of earthquakes. Engineering demand parameters were monitored in terms of floor accelerations and displacements. Consequently, strongly correlated IMs were identified based on the evaluation of SDRMs using four statistical indicators: coefficient of determination, standard deviation, practicality, and proficiency. The results showed that the strongest IMs were Sa(T1), Sv(T1), and Sd(T1) followed by ASI, EPA, PGA, and A95. On the other hand, the weakly correlated IMs were PGD, DRMS, SED, VRMS, PGV, HI, VSI, and SMV.
A Cell Image Classification Method for Quality Control of Chimeric Mice with Humanized Livers

In this study, we developed a discriminator that determines the grade of human hepatocytes for quality control of chimeric mice with humanized livers. Currently, the grading of human hepatocytes is divided into four categories, Grade S, Grade A, Grade B, and Grade C, which are qualitatively judged visually by experts, and the grade judgment differs depending on the person who judges. Hence, in this study, we quantitatively determined the grade of human hepatocytes by developing a discriminator using deep learning. We will discuss the results of discriminators learning and test by the 3-class classification that combines Grade S and Grade A into one. As a result, the 3-class classification gave a discrimination accuracy of 93.2%.
Intense Geomagnetic Storms in The Maximum Phase of Solar Cycle 24 Observed From a Low-Latitude Ground Station

Debido a las complejidades de la investigación magnetosférica, la instalación y gestión de nuevas estaciones terrestres magnéticas de acuerdo con los estándares modernos es crucial para monitorear las perturbaciones magnetosféricas y los fenómenos relacionados. En respuesta al desarrollo de nuevas herramientas in situ y conjuntos de datos tomados en tierra que respalden estos estudios, se evaluaron los datos generados por la estación terrestre magnética de baja latitud de La Serena (en las coordenadas geográficas: ‒29.827, ‒71.261; y coordenadas magnéticas: ‒16.55, 0.17) para describir tormentas geomagnéticas intensas. Esta estación en la ciudad de La Serena (Chile), es dependiente del Laboratorio de Física Espacial y Atmosférica de la Universidad de La Serena (LAFESAT). Con estos datos, estudiamos las cinco tormentas geomagnéticas más intensas (Dst <‒100 nT) ocurridas durante la fase máxima del ciclo solar 24 (desde 2014 hasta principios de 2016). Los resultados muestran que las variaciones de la componente H de las mediciones de la estación La Serena son consistentes con las variaciones del índice Dst reportadas para cada tormenta analizada, obteniendo valores de coeficiente de correlación de hasta 0.97 para tormentas con Dst <‒200 nT. Además, nuestros resultados son consistentes con la fuerte influencia que tienen de los sistemas de corriente magnetosférica/ionosférica sobre el componente H durante una intensa tormenta geomagnética.
A de-obfuscation system based on Markov models

Android malware authors have widely used obfuscation techniques to avoid their harmful apps from detection. In this paper, we present an automatic method for de-obfuscation of Android apps. It is based on Markov models. Our tool mainly focuses on layout obfuscation created by obfuscator ProGuard, which is one of the most widely used obfuscators. The evaluation of the system verifies the effectiveness of the de-obfuscation task.
WM-OA-ICOS Based Mid-Infrared Dual-Range Real-Time Trace Sensor for Formaldehyde Detection in Exhaled Breath

Based on wavelength modulation spectroscopy and off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (WM-OA-ICOS), a highly sensitive dual-range real-time formaldehyde (CH<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{{2}}\text{O}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) detection trace sensor was developed to detect CH<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{{2}}\text{O}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in human exhaled breath, which can realize the early screening of lung cancer. Also, a 5.85-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> quantum cascade laser (QCL) and an off-axis integrated cavity were adopted. Complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) is applied to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the sensor is embedded with a high-precision concentration inversion algorithm. The reliability of the sensor was verified by experiments with interfering gases in exhaled breath, and the results showed that the sensor has an excellent detection accuracy. The limit of detection (LoD) is ~140 parts per trillion (ppt) with an 88-s integration time by the Allan–Werle deviation analysis. The experimental results of exhaled gas showed that the concentration of CH<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{{2}}\text{O}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> exhaled from different subjects was significantly different. Therefore, the sensor provides a promising way for real-time detection of CH<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{{2}}\text{O}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> concentration in human exhaled breath.
Irreversible and Reversible Switching in Nanomagnet Arrays and Hard Drive Media

Projections of first-order reversal curves (FORC) are shown to provide valuable separations between irreversible and reversible behavior while only requiring 1% of the measurement points of full FORC. These projections have been used in nanobarcoding for biocomposites which may, for example, be used as internal bandaids where readout benefits from blind, contact-free magnetic measurements. The projection method was also extended to experimentally separate the irreversible and reversible hysteresis behavior of hard and soft components of exchange-coupled composite (ECC) media.
Simultaneous beam selection and users scheduling evaluation in a virtual world with reinforcement learning

The fifth generation of mobile networks evolved to serve applications with distinct requirements, which results in a high management complexity due to simultaneous real-time tasks. In the physical layer, code words that allow proper data exchange between the Base Station (BS) and the served users must be chosen. While, in higher layers, the BS must choose users to be served in a given transmission opportunity. There are approaches based on Machine Learning (ML) to solve these combined tasks. However, due to the high amount of possible inputs, a challenge is the availability of data to train the models. In some cases, there may not even exist a predefined optimal answer to use as a "label" for supervised approaches. In this paper, we evaluate solutions for the combined problems of beam selection and user scheduling with Reinforcement Learning (RL), which does not need labels, as a solution for problems without a predefined answer. The algorithms were proposed for Problem Statement 6 of the challenge organized by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in 2021, which ranked as the finalists. We compare the approaches in relation to the cumulative reward received by the agents and show a performance comparison of different RL approaches by comparing them with baselines developed for the challenge. The paper also shows how the action taken by the trained agents affect network operation by comparing the number of packets transmitted, which is highly related to the proper selection of users and code words.