Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ovulation rates of beef cows and heifers treated with equine gonadotropin (PMS) and chorionic gonadotropin (HCG).

To determine the effect of gonadotropins on the ovulation rate in cows and heifers 55 beef cows and 80 beef heifers were treated with 2 subcutaneous injections of equine gonadotropin (PMS) on Days 5 and 17 of the estrous cycle and 1 intravenous injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) on the day of estrus or on Day 3 following the second PMS injection. Ovulation rates were determined by counting corpora lutea 5-13 days following the HCG injection by laparotomy or autopsy. With injections of 1500 IU PMS on Day 5 and 200 IU PMS on Day 17 and with 2500 or 4000 IU HCG on Day 3 after the second PMS injection the most promising and repeatable ovulation rates were obtained. The conception rate was only 36% however during posttreatment inseminations. Injections of HCG on Day 3 instead of the day of estrus induced more 2 ovulations and less 3 or more ovulations. Manipulation of gonadotropin treatment can provide a practical program for the induction of multiple births.
Isolation and mapping of the pig homolog of the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome gene (WAS)

The Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked disorder with variable clinical and autoimmune manifestations (Akman et al., 1998; Sullivan, 1999). The human WAS locus has been localized to Xp11.23→p11.22 by linkage studies and the human WAS gene has been identified by positional cloning. The gene consists of 12 exons encoding a 502 amino acid proline-rich protein (WASP) (Derry et al., 1994). The WASP contains multiple domains that interact with various signaling proteins known to be involved in the regulation of signal transduction and cytoskeletal organization (Snapper and Rosen, 1999). This suggests that WASP may be involved in the regulation of cell morphology and actin polymerization in hematopoietic cells (Nonoyama and Ochs, 1998). The mouse WAS gene (Wasp) has also been isolated and sequenced (Derry et al., 1995). The predicted amino acid sequence is 86% identical to the human WASP sequence and the gene has been mapped to a region close to the centromere of the mouse X-chromosome. The identification of the human WAS gene and subsequently of the mutations responsible for the syndrome, allows prenatal diagnosis and detection of carriers. The treatment for WAS is largely symptomatic and includes drug therapies. The only known treatment that can overcome all symptoms is bone marrow transplantation (Akman et al., 1998). In the present study, we have isolated and sequenced a clone containing the 3) end of the WAS gene in pig. This clone has been mapped using somatic and radiation hybrid panels. Materials and methods
Tissue Microarray Evaluation of Melanoma Antigen E (MAGE) Tumor-Associated Antigen Expression: Potential Indications for Specific Immunotherapy and Prognostic Relevance in Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma

ObjectiveTo evaluate MAGE tumor-associated antigen (TAA) expression in an extensive panel of normal and neoplastic tissues. Summary Background DataTAAs of the MAGE family represent targets of active specific immunotherapy. Limited-size studies indicate that they are expressed in normal testis and tumors of different histologies. High-throughput tissue microarray (TMA) technology and MAGE TAA-specific monoclonal antibodies now allow us to comprehensively evaluate their expression in large numbers of tissues and to address clinical correlations. MethodsA TMA containing 3,520 samples from 197 different tissues and a non-small-cell lung cancer TMA including 301 specimens were stained using the MAGE TAA-specific monoclonal antibody 57B. For patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, the dichotomous result (positive vs. negative) of MAGE TAA staining was used as a predictor variable along with other covariates in proportional hazard regression analysis of tumor-specific survival. ResultsMAGE TAAs are expressed with frequencies ranging between 22.7% (larynx) and 50% of cases (lung) in squamous cell carcinomas from different anatomic areas and in large cell carcinomas of the lung (37.9%). The authors provide here the first description of MAGE TAA expression in basalioma (48.1%). To investigate the clinical significance of MAGE expression in a frequently positive tumor type, a non-small-cell lung cancer, TMA was then studied. In this TMA 43.2% of tumors were 57B positive. In patients with squamous cell carcinoma, MAGE TAA positivity was significantly correlated with a shorter tumor-specific survival in the proportional hazard regression analysis model. ConclusionsThese data suggest novel potential therapeutic indications in different types of cancers. In lung squamous cell carcinoma, the significant association of MAGE TAA expression with poor prognosis suggests that patients with 57B-positive tumors may benefit from early, specific immunotherapy procedures.
Effect of mobility parameters on the inaccuracy of the position information of position-based MANET routing

Position-based routing protocols have become increasingly popular in mobile ad-hoc networks because they can use geographical node position information to route data packets to their destinations. Each node periodically sends its geographical position information to its neighbours by using beacon packets. Data packet routing in position-based routing protocols uses the neighbours' position information that is stored in the node's neighbour list to route the data packet from the source to the destination. Most recent studies on position-based routing protocols assume that the position information in the node's neighbour list is accurate, although only a rough estimate of this position information is actually available to the nodes. In general, inaccuracy occurs when inaccurate geographical position information is used. This study presents an analysis and a simulation to examine the influence of position information inaccuracy caused by beacon packet interval-time and node speed mobility parameters on the performance of position-based routing protocols.
Cinacalcet HCl attenuates parathyroid hyperplasia in a rat model of secondary hyperparathyroidism.

BACKGROUND Secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a physiologic response to kidney failure characterized by elevated serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and parathyroid gland enlargement. Calcimimetic agents acting through allosteric modification of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) can attenuate parathyroid hyperplasia in rats with secondary HPT. The present study explores the effects of the calcimimetic cinacalcet HCl on parathyroid hyperplasia, apoptosis, and PTH secretion in a rat model of secondary HPT. METHODS Cinacalcet HCl was gavaged daily (1, 5, or 10 mg/kg) for 4 weeks starting 6 weeks post-5/6 nephrectomy. After dosing, hyperplasia was determined using parathyroid weight and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunochemistry. Apoptosis was determined using in situ techniques. Serum PTH((1-34)) and blood chemistries were determined throughout the course of the study. RESULTS Administration of cinacalcet HCl (5 or 10 mg/kg) significantly reduced the number of PCNA-positive cells and decreased parathyroid weight compared with vehicle-treated 5/6 nephrectomized rats. There was no difference in apoptosis from cinacalcet HCl-treated or vehicle-treated animals. Serum PTH and blood ionized calcium levels decreased in cinacalcet HCl-treated animals compared with vehicle-treated controls. CONCLUSION The results confirm previous work demonstrating that calcimimetic agents attenuate the progression of parathyroid hyperplasia in subtotally nephrectomized rats, extending earlier observations to now include cinacalcet HCl. These results support a role for the CaR in regulating parathyroid cell proliferation. Therefore, cinacalcet HCl may represent a novel therapy for improving the management of secondary HPT.
Identification of a Siderophore Receptor Required for Ferric Ornibactin Uptake in Burkholderia cepacia

ABSTRACT Ornibactins are linear hydroxamate siderophores produced byBurkholderia cepacia with peptide structures similar to that of pyoverdines produced by the fluorescent pseudomonads. The gene encoding the outer membrane receptor (orbA) was identified, sequenced, and demonstrated to have significant homology with hydroxamate receptors produced by other organisms. The orbAprecursor was predicted to be a protein with a molecular mass of 81 kDa. An orbA mutant was constructed and demonstrated to be unable to take up 59Fe-ornibactins or to grow in medium supplemented with ornibactins. Outer membrane protein profiles from the parent strain, K56-2, revealed an iron-regulated outer membrane protein of 78 kDa that was not detectable in the K56orbA::tp mutant. When this mutant harbored a plasmid containing the orbA gene, the 78-kDa protein was present in the outer membrane protein profiles and the mutant was able to utilize ornibactin to acquire iron. The orbA mutant was less virulent in a chronic respiratory infection model than the parent strain, indicating that ornibactin uptake and utilization are important in the pathogenesis of B. cepacia respiratory infections.
Eurhythmy: Concept and process

Eurhytbmy means a state of harmony between body and mind. Reflecting this theme, the animation depicts animals, humans and a flock of birds joining together in a surrealistic spiritual dance in a deserted temple courtyard. Adding a sense of religious mystery to the surroundings, the temple, bearing a resemblance to an Islamic mosque, is decorated with symbols from other religions: Egyptian hieroglyphics adorn the walls, and images of angels grace the inside of the temple dome. The observer enters the temple, watches and then becomes part of a ritual dance, one that expresses a mystifving harmony between the physical and spiritual world. The religious symbols within the architecture might be viewed as symbols ofinstitutionalized religion, where human existence is conceived in terms of a soul which transcends the physical self and the real world. In contrast, the spirituality evoked in primitive dance is acted out in reverence for our identity with ourselves as animals, deeply rooted in our bodies and our connection with the natural environment. To convey a spiritually uplifting dance, the movement of all of the animals had to be both convincing and expressive. As graduate students at Ohio State University, Michael Girard and Susan Amkraut each carried out research focused on the development of computational models which embody physically motivated qualities of complex animal movements. The animation in Eurhythmy was produced exclusively with the software developed during this research. The human and animal motion was produced using the PODA animation system, written by Michael Girard. PODA implements Girard’s research on modelling legged animal motion, incorporating many robotics techniques for body co-ordination, limb kinematics and dynamics. The multi-legged locomotion of gaits and dance seen in Eurhjthqr employs inversekinematic control of limbs in order to achieve goal-directed leg motions. A supervisory level of control over legged animal locomotion is provided by the animation system. Given the animator’s specification of a sequence of gaits and a desired path of motion in the horizontal plane, the locomotion model calculates the co-ordination of the animal’s legs in each gait, manages transitions between gaits and determines footholds which are computed to bring each of the legs to a dynamically stable supporting position (see Figure 1). The translational motion of the animal’s centre of mass is accurately simulated during the animal’s flight phase as a function of the velocity of the animal’s centre of mass at the time of lift-off and the downward gravitational acceleration. Also, the animal’s banking angle as it turns is calculated to maintain the Eurhythmy: Concept and Process
Soil‐atmosphere exchange of N2O, CH4, and CO2 and controlling environmental factors for tropical rain forest sites in western Kenya

[1] N 2 O, CH4 and CO 2 soil-atmosphere exchange and controlling environmental factors were studied for a 3-month period (dry-wet season transition) at the Kakamega Rain forest, Kenya, Africa, using an automated measurement system. The mean N 2 O emission was 42.9 ± 0.7 μg N m -2 h -1 (range: 1.1 -324.8 μg N m h -1 ). Considering the duration of dry and wet season the annual N 2 O emission was estimated at 2.6 ± 1.2 kg N ha -1 yr -1 . Large pulse emissions of N 2 O were observed after the first rainfall events of the wet season, and the magnitude of N 2 O emissions steadily declined thereafter. A comparable trend in soil CO 2 emissions (mean: 71.8 ± 0.3 mg C m -2 h -1 ) indicates that the rapid mineralization of litter accumulated during the dry period produced the high N 2 O emissions at the start of the wet season. Manual N 2 O emission measurements at four additional rain forest sites were comparable to those measured at the main site, whereas N 2 O emissions measured at a regrowth site were significantly lower. Spatial differences in N 2 O emissions could be explained by differences in soil texture and topsoil C:N-ratio (CO 2 : subsoil C and N concentrations), whereas the temporal variability of N 2 O and CO 2 emissions was primarily driven by soil moisture. Soils predominantly acted as sinks for CH 4 (-56.4 ± 0.8 μg C m -2 h -1 ). For some chamber positions, episodes of net CH 4 release were observed, which could be due to high WFPS and/or termite activity. CH 4 fluxes were weakly correlated with soil moisture levels but showed no relation to temperature, texture, pH, carbon or nitrogen contents.
Common genetic variants of the natriuretic peptide gene locus are not associated with heart failure risk in participants in the EPIC‐Norfolk study

BNP has important effects on haemodynamics and myocardial remodelling which are protective from development and progression of heart failure. The aim of this study was to examine whether three common genetic variants (rs198389, rs5068, and rs198358) within or adjacent to the BNP gene locus which were shown to be associated with BNP blood levels are associated with risk of heart failure in the pospective population‐based EPIC‐Norfolk cohort.
Effects of the coach approach intervention on psychosocial predictors of exercise and subsequent changes in glucose metabolism, cardiorespiratory functioning, and body Composition: a pilot project of the interior health of British Columbia and a local YMC

Objective: Exercise typically improves overall health and reduces health risks; however, completion of even the minimum recommended amount of daily exercise is rare for most people. When recommended by medical professionals, patients may benefit from convenient, evidence-based, exercise-support processes. The aim of this study was to assess the preliminary effects of such an intervention when administered jointly by the Interior Health Authority of British Columbia and a local YMCA. Design: Participants were overweight or obese adult patients (N=92; Mean age =59 years) who suffered from cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or renal disease and were referred by medical professionals. The Coach Approach - a standardized 6-month, cognitive-behavioral based protocol that is designed to provide support for maintained exercise - was individually administered though six 30-minute sessions at a variety of community health locations. Results: Significant within-group improvements in the psychosocial measures of self-regulatory skill usage, exercise self-efficacy, mood, and physical self-concept were observed. Also, improvements in exercise volume and measures of glucose metabolism, cardiovascular functioning, and body composition were found. Multiple regression analysis indicated that changes in self-regulation, self-efficacy, and mood accounted for a significant portion of the variance (R 2 =0.24) in the change in volume of exercise. Significant linear bivariate relationships were observed between an increase in exercise volume and improvements in hemoglobin A1c, fasting glucose, and body mass index. Conclusion: These findings suggest that increases in exercise volume are associated with proposed psychosocial pathways. Based on the associated reductions in health risks, collaborations between public health agencies and community organizations could be used to address the need for evidence-based support of patients’ exercise behaviors.
GOLD AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO NEUROLOGICAL/GLANDULAR CONDITIONS

Despite increasing sales of gold supplements, and claims of benefits for neurological and glandular conditions, gold has received little attention in modern medical literature except as a drug for rheumatoid arthritis. Historically, however, gold had a reputation as a nervine, a therapy for nervous disorders. A review of the historical literature shows gold in use during the 19th century for conditions including depression, epilepsy, migraine, and glandular problems such as amenorrhea and impotence. The most notable use of gold was in a treatment for alco holism developed by Keeley (1897). In the modern medical literature, gold-containing medicines for rheumatoid arthritis are known to have occasional neurotoxic adverse effects. There are also a few studies suggesting a role for gold as a naturally occurring trace element in the reproductive glands. One small recent study demonstrated a possible positive effect of gold on cognitive ability. There is a need for more experimental and clinical research of the neuropharmacology and neuro chemistry of gold, and for the exploration of gold s possible role as a trace element.
Quantification of subsurface heat storage in a GCM simulation

Shallow bottom boundary conditions (BBCs) in the soil components of general circulation models (GCMs) impose artificial limits on subsurface heat storage. To assess this problem we estimate the subsurface heat content from two future climate simulations and compare to that obtained from an offline soil model (FDLSM) driven by GCM skin temperatures. FDLSM is then used as an offline substitute for the subsurface of the GCM ECHO‐G. With a 600‐m BBC and driven by ECHO‐G future temperatures, the FDLSM subsurface absorbs 6.2 (7.5) times more heat than the ECHO‐G soil model (10 m deep) under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) A2 (B2) emission scenario. This suggests that shallow BBCs in GCM simulations may underestimate the heat stored in the subsurface, particularly for northern high latitudes. This effect could be relevant in assessing the energy balance and climate change in the next century.
Overview of Qualitative Methods in Research With Diverse Populations: Making Research Reflect the Population

Shifting population dynamics in the United States challenge investigators to modify existing research paradigms to reflect the needs of an increasingly diverse society. Mainstream approaches for conducting research in the United States have largely ignored the perspectives of ethnic minority groups, with researchers effectively excluding large segments of the population from participating in clinical and behavioral research. With the 1993 National Institutes of Health Revitalization Act mandating the inclusion of minorities and women in research, scientists have had little time to develop systematically tested methods for conducting research with diverse cultural groups. The result is that much of the literature on health care, health promotion, and health outcomes may not apply to these segments of the population, leaving us with limited evidence as to how to improve the health of these groups. These research limitations have important ramifications
Modeling and Algorithm for Dynamic Multi-objective Weighted Constraint Satisfaction Problem

A Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) is a fundamental problem that can formalize various applications related to Artificial Intelligence problems. A Weighted Constraint Satisfaction Problem (WCSP) is a CSP where constraints can be violated, and the aim of this problem is to find an assignment that minimizes the sum of weights of the violated constraints. Most researches have focused on developing algorithms for solv- ing static mono-objective problems. However, many real world satisfaction/optimization problems involve multiple criteria that should be considered separately and satisfied/optimized simultaneously. Additionally, they are often dynamic, i.e., the problem changes at runtime. In this paper, we introduce a Multi-Objective WCSP (MO-WCSP) and develop a novel MO-WCSP algorithm called Multi-Objective Branch and Bound (MO-BnB), which is based on a new solution criterion called (l, s)-Pareto solution. Furthermore, we first for- malize a Dynamic MO-WCSP (DMO-WCSP). As an initial step forward developing an algorithm for solving a DMO-WCSP, we focus on the change of weights of constraints and develop the first algorithm called Dynamic Multi-Objective Branch and Bound (DMO-BnB) for solving a DMO-WCSPs, which is based on MO-BnB. Finally, we provide the complexity of our algorithm and evaluate DMO-BnB with different problem settings.
The dynamic range of adaptive beamformers

All adaptive beamformers aim at increased resolution and better contrast. However, the same effect can be produced by dynamic range stretching. Adaptive beamformers are often tested on wire targets or uniform cysts, which do not allow to study dynamic range alterations. This work shows that dynamic range stretching may account for some of the benefits of some adaptive beamformers in the literature. We propose a phantom allowing us to do a dynamic range calibration. We demonstrate this calibration for the Mallart-Fink Coherence Factor (CF), the Camacho-Fritsch Phase Coherence Factor (PCF) and Capon'sMinimum Variance (MV) beamformer.We show that the increased resolution and contrast reported for the CF and PCF are to a great extent due to the alterations of the dynamic range.
Glossina austeni (Diptera: Glossinidae) Eradicated on the Island of Unguja, Zanzibar, Using the Sterile Insect Technique

Abstract An area-wide integrated tsetse eradication project was initiated in Zanzibar in 1994 by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the governments of Tanzania and Zanzibar, to eradicate Glossina austeni Newstead from Unguja Island (Zanzibar) using the sterile insect technique. Suppression of the tsetse population on Unguja was initiated in 1988 by applying residual pyrethroids as a pour-on formulation to livestock and by the deployment of insecticide impregnated screens in some of the forested areas. This was followed by sequential releases of gamma-sterilized male flies by light aircraft. The flies, packaged in carton release containers, were dispersed twice a week along specific flight lines separated by a distance of 1–2 km. More than 8.5 million sterile male flies were released by air from August 1994 to December 1997. A sterile to indigenous male ratio of >50:1 was obtained in mid-1995 and it increased to >100:1 by the end of 1995. As a consequence the proportion of sampled young females (1–2 ovulations), with an egg in utero in embryonic arrest or an uterus empty as a result of expulsion of a dead embryo, increased from <25% in the 1st quarter to >70% in the last quarter of 1995. In addition, the age structure of the female population became significantly distorted in favor of old flies (≥4 ovulations) by the end of 1995. The apparent density of the indigenous fly population declined rapidly in the last quarter of 1995, followed by a population crash in the beginning of 1996. The last trapped indigenous male and female flies were found in weeks 32 and 36, 1996, respectively. Time for 6 fly generations elapsed between the last catch of an indigenous fly and the end of the sterile male releases in December 1997.
Hospital‐level variation in the quality of urologic cancer surgery

Unexplained variation in outcomes after common surgeries raises concerns about the quality and appropriateness of surgical care. Understanding variation in surgical outcomes may identify processes that could affect the quality of surgical and postoperative care. The authors of this report examined hospital‐level variation in outcomes after inpatient urologic oncology procedures.