Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Designing Interactive Strategy From Value Chain To Value Constellation

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Dynamic composition mechanisms for web services

This paper describes central theoretical concepts related to web services, service-oriented architecture, semantic web and Ontologies, focusing on the service composition mechanisms. It is discussed what the mechanisms really are, what they do, and how they can be implemented. References to ongoing research project are given. A Composition Framework using the core composition mechanisms are proposed and a Proof of Concept using this framework is implemented. The framework is created as general as possible using interfaces and known communication protocols. Our framework and architectural choices will be described, evaluated and tested. The testing focuses on time, memory usage and CPU usage.
Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health in Ghana: A Synthesis of Research Evidence

The welfare of young people has been a major focus for governments policymakers and service providers. The spread of HIV/AIDS has posed a major challenge to nations in ensuring the welfare of the next generation and the Republic of Ghana is no exception. In 2002 the estimated HIV/AIDS prevalence rate among 15-24-year-olds in Ghana was 3.4% and the median prevalence rate for the adult population increased from 2.3% in 2000 to 3.4% in 2002. As part of the response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic and the threat it poses for young people it is imperative to assess the current state of evidence in Ghana on young peoples sexual and reproductive health including the behaviors that put young people at risk and the factors that protect them. This report provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on adolescent sexual and reproductive health issues in Ghana with a focus on HIV prevention. (excerpt)
Australia's dental generations: the National Survey of Adult Oral Health 2004-06

Australia's dental generations provides a detailed snapshot of oral health in the adult population at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Drawing on the findings from the 2004-06 National Survey of Adult Oral Health, the report describes levels of oral disease, perceived oral health and patterns of dental care for the nation, and among sociodemographic subgroups. The report also analyses trends in oral health that have occurred since the first national oral health survey conducted 17 years ago. The results illustrate how unique historical experiences of four generations born throughout the twentieth century have left a lasting imprint on the distribution of oral health in today's population.
Depth estimation for a road scene using a monocular image sequence based on fully convolutional neural network

An advanced driving assistant system is one of the most popular topics nowadays, and depth estimation is an important cue for advanced driving assistant system. Depth prediction is a key problem in understanding the geometry of a road scene for advanced driving assistant system. In comparison to other depth estimation methods using stereo depth perception, determining depth relation using a monocular camera is considerably challenging. In this article, a fully convolutional neural network with skip connection based on a monocular video sequence is proposed. With the integration framework that combines skip connection, fully convolutional network and the consistency between consecutive frames of the input sequence, high-resolution depth maps are obtained with lightweight network training and fewer computations. The proposed method models depth estimation as a regression problem and trains the proposed network using a scale invariance optimization based on L2 loss function, which measures the relationships between points in the consecutive frames. The proposed method can be used for depth estimation of a road scene without the need for any extra information or geometric priors. Experiments on road scene data sets demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms previous methods for monocular depth estimation in dynamic scenes. Compared with the currently proposed method, our method has achieved good results when using the Eigen split evaluation method. The obvious prominent one is that the linear root mean squared error result is 3.462 and the δ < 1.25 result is 0.892.
Use of a Machine Learning Program to Correctly Triage Incoming Text Messaging Replies From a Cardiovascular Text–Based Secondary Prevention Program: Feasibility Study

Background SMS text messaging programs are increasingly being used for secondary prevention, and have been shown to be effective in a number of health conditions including cardiovascular disease. SMS text messaging programs have the potential to increase the reach of an intervention, at a reduced cost, to larger numbers of people who may not access traditional programs. However, patients regularly reply to the SMS text messages, leading to additional staffing requirements to monitor and moderate the patients’ SMS text messaging replies. This additional staff requirement directly impacts the cost-effectiveness and scalability of SMS text messaging interventions. Objective This study aimed to test the feasibility and accuracy of developing a machine learning (ML) program to triage SMS text messaging replies (ie, identify which SMS text messaging replies require a health professional review). Methods SMS text messaging replies received from 2 clinical trials were manually coded (1) into “Is staff review required? ” (binary response of yes/no); and then (2) into 12 general categories. Five ML models (Naïve Bayes, OneVsRest, Random Forest Decision Trees, Gradient Boosted Trees, and Multilayer Perceptron) and an ensemble model were tested. For each model run, data were randomly allocated into training set (2183/3118, 70.01%) and test set (935/3118, 29.98%). Accuracy for the yes/no classification was calculated using area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), false positives, and false negatives. Accuracy for classification into 12 categories was compared using multiclass classification evaluators. Results A manual review of 3118 SMS text messaging replies showed that 22.00% (686/3118) required staff review. For determining need for staff review, the Multilayer Perceptron model had highest accuracy (AUC 0.86; 4.85% false negatives; and 4.63% false positives); with addition of heuristics (specified keywords) fewer false negatives were identified (3.19%), with small increase in false positives (7.66%) and AUC 0.79. Application of this model would result in 26.7% of SMS text messaging replies requiring review (true + false positives). The ensemble model produced the lowest false negatives (1.43%) at the expense of higher false positives (16.19%). OneVsRest was the most accurate (72.3%) for the 12-category classification. Conclusions The ML program has high sensitivity for identifying the SMS text messaging replies requiring staff input; however, future research is required to validate the models against larger data sets. Incorporation of an ML program to review SMS text messaging replies could significantly reduce staff workload, as staff would not have to review all incoming SMS text messages. This could lead to substantial improvements in cost-effectiveness, scalability, and capacity of SMS text messaging–based interventions.
Protein and energy requirements in infancy and childhood

Foreword Contributors Requirements for Protein and Energy Long-Term Consequences of Early Feeding on Later Obesity Risk: Koletzko, B. Energy Requirements of Infants and Children: Butte, N.F. Protein Requirements of Infants and Children: Garlick, P.J. Body Composition and Growth Growth of Breast-Fed and Formula-Fed Infants: Ziegler, E.E. Body Composition during the First Year of Life: Rigo, J. Dietary Reference Intakes: Concepts and Approaches Underlying Protein and Energy Requirements: Yates, A.A. High Intakes of Protein and Amino Acids Intestinal Amino Acid Metabolism in Neonates: van Goudoever, J.B. van der Schoor, S.R. D. Stoll, B. Burrin, D.G. Wattimena, D. Schierbeek, H. Schaart, M.W. Riedijk, M.A. van der Lugt, J. Amino Acid Requirements of Infants and Children: Pencharz, P.B. Ball, R.O. Effects of High Protein Intakes: Axelsson, I. Complementary Foods Physiology of Food Intake Regulation: Interaction with Dietary Components: Anderson, G.H. Aziz, A. Abou Samra, A. Complementary Food: International Comparison on Protein and Energy Requirement/Intakes: Agostoni, C. Riva, E. Giovannini, M. What is the Optimal Age for Introduction of Complementary Foods? Dewey, K.G. New Proteins in Infant Feeding Recent Issues in Energy-Protein Malnutrition in Children: Desjeux, J.-F. Protein Quality and Quantity in Cow's Milk-Based Formula for Healthy Term Infants: Past, Present and Future: Mace, K. Steenhout, P. Klassen, P. Donnet, A. Recombinant Human Milk Proteins: Lonnerdal, B. Concluding Remarks.
VERTICAL LAND MOTION AND INUNDATION PROCESSES BASED ON THE INTEGRATION OF REMOTELY SENSED DATA AND IPCC AR5 SCENARIOS IN COASTAL SEMARANG, INDONESIA

Vertical land motion (VLM) is an important indicator in obtaining information about relative sea-level rise (SLR) in the coastal environment, but this remains an area of study poorly investigated in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to investigate the significance of the influence of VLM and SLR on inundation. We address this issue for Semarang, Central Java, by estimating VLM using the small baseline subset time series interferometry SAR method for 24 Sentinel-1 satellite data for the period March 2017 to May 2019. The interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) method was used to reveal the phase difference between two SAR images with two repetitions of satellite track at different times. The results of this study indicate that the average land subsidence that occurred in Semarang between March 2017 and May 2019 was from (-121) mm/year to + 24 mm/year. Through a combination of VLM and SLR scenario data obtained from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it was found that the Semarang coastal zone will continue to shrink due to inundation (forecast at 7% in 2065 and 10% in 2100).
The Mathematics of Information Coding, Extraction and Distribution.

Abstract : In the last decade, considerable engineering progress has been made in the technology of large-scale information systems. We are now at the point where ambitious deployments of global information networks are soon to be realized but serious problems remain in the areas of scalability, modeling and applications. The workshop on 'The Mathematics of Information Coding, Extraction and Distribution' brought together experts in various areas of mathematical and practical information theory and modeling to formulate the problems, explore new analytic methods and exchange ideas. We addressed applications areas such as data mining, compression, database theory and machine learning, with special attention to the interactions between these areas from the analytical and mathematical points of view. The workshop devoted half time to dissemination of new technical results and half time to the formulation of new paradigms and problems for future research. Proceeding of the workshop is under preparation and will appear in the IMA Volumes in Mathematics and its Applications Series to be published by Springer-Verlag, New York. Currently, submissions are being edited/refereed by George Cybenko, Dianne O'Leary, and Jorma Rissanen.
Change in Deferring Time Correlate to Improved Female Sexual Function after Anal Sphincter Repair: A Prospective Study

Background: Many women suffer from sexual problems after anal sphincter tears due to obstetric trauma. Aim: The study aimed to assess changes in sexual function after anal sphincter repair. Methods: The study was a non-randomized prospective observational cohort study. Inclusion of the study was done at the University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, between 2002 and 2007. Thirty-nine consecutive female patients admitted for anal sphincter repair were invited to the study. Twenty patients accepted and were included, four were lost to follow up and one was unevaluable (due to the formation of a stoma) leaving a study group of 15 patients. The patients were assessed with questionnaires before surgery and at three and 12 months after surgery. Outcomes: Change in reported sexual activity and dyspareunia. Results: Before surgery, 12/15 patients reported that their sexual life was impaired due to anal incontinence. The corresponding figure at 12 months was 9/15 (p = 0.43). Three patients remained sexually inactive throughout the study, five patients increased their sexual activity and one had decreased activity. Out of the 12 who were active, four stated dyspareunia at baseline, and only one reported dyspareunia at 12 months. The mean Miller incontinence scores at baseline and 12 months were 10.1 and 8.7, respectively. The change in incontinence score did not differ between those with decreased, stable or increased sexual activity. However, there was a definite correlation (r = 0.54 - 0.60, p 0.05) between change in sexual function and deferring time for stool. Clinical Implications: Operative management of anal sphincter tears alone is not curative for sexual problems due to anal incontinence but can be a part of the treatment. Strengths and Limitations: The study is a prospective study of sexual function. The limitations are that the questionnaires were not validated due to lack of such questionnaires at the time of the study and that the study population is quite small. Conclusion: Patients with a sphincter injury and fecal incontinence often have an impaired sexual function. Increased deferring time for stools after surgery increases the likelihood of improved sexual function.
Interaction of black phosphorus with oxygen and water

Black phosphorus (BP) has attracted significant interest as a monolayer or few-layer material with extraordinary electrical and optoelectronic properties. Chemical reactions with different ambient species, notably oxygen and water, are important as they govern key properties such as stability in air, electronic structure and charge transport, wetting by aqueous solutions, and so on. Here, we report experiments combined with ab initio calculations that address the effects of oxygen and water in contact with BP. Our results show that the reaction with oxygen is primarily responsible for changing properties of BP. Oxidation involving the dissociative chemisorption of O2 causes the decomposition of BP and continuously lowers the conductance of BP field-effect transistors (FETs). In contrast, BP is stable in contact with deaerated (i.e., O2 depleted) water and the carrier mobility in BP FETs gated by H2O increases significantly due to efficient dielectric screening of scattering centers by the high-k dielectri.
A functional analysis of the Candidaalbicans homolog of SaccharomycescerevisiaeVPS4

To investigate the role of the prevacuolar secretion pathway in the trafﬁcking of vacuolar proteins in Candida albicans , the C. albicans homolog of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae vacuolar protein sorting gene VPS4 was cloned and analyzed. Candida albicans VPS4 encodes a deduced AAA-type ATPase that is 75.6% similar to S. cerevisiae Vps4p, and plasmids bearing C. albicans VPS4 complemented the abnormal vacuolar morphology and carboxypeptidase missorting in S. cerevisiae vps4 null mutants. Candida albicans vps4 D null mutants displayed a characteristic class E vacuolar morphology and multilamellar structures consistent with an aberrant prevacuolar compartment. The C. albicans vps4 D mutant degraded more extracellular bovine serum albumin than did wild-type strains, which implied that this mutant secreted more extracellular protease activity. These phenotypes were complemented when a wild-type copy of VPS4 was reintroduced into its proper locus. Using a series of protease inhibitors, the origin of this extracellular protease activity was identiﬁed as a serine protease, and genetic analyses using a C. albicans vps4 D prc1 D mutant identiﬁed this missorted vacuolar protease as carboxypeptidase Y. Unexpectedly, C. albicans Sap2p was not detected in culture supernatants of the vps4 D mutants. These results indicate that C. albicans VPS4 is required for vacuolar biogenesis and proper sorting of vacuolar proteins.
Nutritional and economic postharvest loss analysis of African indigenous leafy vegetables along the supply chain in Kenya

Over the last decade, African indigenous leafy vegetables (AIVs) such as African nightshade (Solanum scabrum Mill.) have featured increasingly in both formal and informal markets in the peri-urban and urban centres of Africa, due to the increasing awareness of their nutritive and medicinal as well as expanding economic value. AIVs are rich in nutritional and health promoting plant compounds such as vitamins, minerals, proteins, dietary fibre and antioxidant compounds. However, the crop is highly perishable and more than half of it is lost before it reaches the consumer. In Kenya, appropriate postharvest handling and treatments, storage or refrigeration facilities are lacking. More so, the information on postharvest losses of the AIVs is limited, making the management of such losses along the supply chain very difficult. The objective of the study was to determine nutritional and economic losses of African nightshade plants along the supply chain, i.e. from producer until marketing. The study was conducted in the three main commercial AIVs producing counties in Kenya, i.e. Nakuru, Kisii and Kakamega, where three farmers from each county were randomly selected. The farmers were allowed to carry out their normal routine AIVs handling procedure right from harvesting to selling; and samples were collected at each supply chain stage (at harvest, before transport, after transport and at the market). Dry matter, selected macro-nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and micro-nutrients (Fe and Zn), protein, carotenoids and chlorophyll content, cumulative produce and economic losses as well as the causes of losses were evaluated. The results obtained revealed significant quantitative, nutritive, and economic losses of African nightshade along the supply chain. The dry matter content was reduced by between 32.8–45.5%, depending on the county, along the supply chain. The mineral elements and protein were reduced by between 3.2–29.4%, while chlorophylls and carotenoids were reduced by between 70.9–90.9% and 70.4–91.9%, respectively. Cumulative produce loss was between 71.8–292.4% while the economic loss was between 12.6–34.4%. The findings indicate the immense losses of nutritional, quantitative and economic values of African nightshade along the supply chain. Lack of certified seed varieties, unfavourable weather, inadequate postharvest handling practices and technologies as well as insect pest and diseases are the main causes of losses during the supply chain. Therefore, maintaining quality attributes and managing postharvest losses in AIVs could be among the key issues to improving food security in developing countries.
HYL 1 is required for establishment of stamen architecture with four microsporangia in Arabidopsis

The stamen produces pollen grains for pollination in higher plants. Coordinated development of four microsporangia in the stamen is essential for normal fertility. The roles of miR165/166-directed pathways in the establishment of adaxial–abaxial polarity have been well defined in leaves. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the adaxial– abaxial polarity of the stamen is elusive. Here it is reported that HYPONASTIC LEAVES1 (HYL1), a general regulator of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis, plays an essential role in establishing the stamen architecture of the four microsporangia in Arabidopsis thaliana. In stamens, HYL1 and miR165/6 expression are progressively restricted to the lateral region, microsporangia, microspore mother cells, and microspores, whereas HD-ZIP III genes are preferentially expressed in the middle region, vascular bundle, and stomium. Loss of HYL1 leads to the formation of two rather than four microsporangia in each stamen. In the stamen of the hyl1 mutant, miR165/6 accumulation is reduced, whereas miR165/6-targeted HD-ZIP III genes are up-regulated and FILAMENTOUS FLOWER (FIL) is down-regulated; and, specifically, REVOLUTA (REV) is overexpressed in the adaxial region and FIL is underexpressed in the abaxial regions, concomitant with the aberrance of the two inner microsporangia and partial adaxialization of the connectives. Genetic analysis reveals that FIL works downstream of HYL1, and the defects in hyl1 stamens are partially rescued by rev-9 or phv-5 phb-6 alleles. These results suggest that HYL1 modulates inner microsporangia and stamen architecture by repression of HD-ZIP III genes and promotion of the FIL gene through miR165/6. Thus, the role of HYL1 in establishment of stamen architecture provides insight into the molecular mechanism of male fertility.
Analytical Estimation Methodology of Compromising Emanations Level Using Monte-Carlo Method

Based on the electromagnetic field theory and the Maxwell equations, the paper describes the physical content and the way of the compromising emanations propagation into the far zone. This allows finding the dependence and methods of influence on of the test signal parameters, which represents a plurality of electrical impulses, with the change in the field strength at the point of conducting reconnaissance at the input of the receiving antenna, namely, in the distant zone of the technical channel of information leakage at the expense of compromising emanations. The main attention is paid to the Monte-Carlo statistical test method, which is used to generate parameters of videotract signals, which determine its shape in the distant zone. Applying the Monte Carlo method for generating values and will allow reasonably to formulate the realization of random parameters of videotract signals for their correct use during the estimation of compromising emanations level and development of measures protection.
Real Options and Contingent Convertibles with Regime Switching

We consider a firm with no assets in place but an option to invest in a project. The investment is irreversible but delayable in a regime-switching economy. The firm issues equity, straight bonds (SBs) and contingent convertibles (CoCos). We provide the closed-form prices for the firm's securities and the pricing and timing of the option. Our numerical analyses discover that issuing CoCos instead of SBs induces much less agency cost of debt. The agency cost is higher in a boom economy than in recession though the difference is small. There is a unique CoCos' conversion ratio such that the agency cost arrives at the minimum value zero. The inefficiencies arising from asset substitution and debt overhang are much more significant in recession than in boom. Only if the conversion ratio is not too small, the two inefficiencies disappear during boom periods.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as a source of development of states and regions in the age of globalization

The article presents the current evolution of the global information society and the problem of digital divide. An additional category is globalization, which has been presented as an accelerator for the development of a global information society. The role of ICT in filling the development gap between regions of the world was identified on the basis of the UN classification. The concept of “digital divide” was introduced as a synonym for a new kind of development gap between the rich North and the poor South, and analysis of data from UN publications showed a constant high diversity of the global information society, which is clearly regionalized.