Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Removal of Cationic Dyes from Aqueous Solution by Hydrophobically Modified Poly(acrylic Acid) Hydrogels

Hydrophobically modified poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels were synthesized using acrylic acid (AA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethyl methacrylate (EMA) and butyl methacrylate (BMA) as copolymer monomers. These hydrogels were carried out for removal cationic dyes from aqueous solution. It was found that the adsorption of cationic dye depended on the length of the side chain, hydrophobic monomer (MMA, EMA and BMA) content and pH of the solution. Increasing the hydrophobic monomer content led to an increase in the adsorption of cationic dyes on the hydrogels. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms of hydrogels were in good agreement with pseudo–second-order equation and the Langmuir equation, respectively. The cationic dyes adsorption of hydrogels involved a mechanism that combined swelling and electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction.
GENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES IN ROOT MORPHOLOGY AND PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE KINETICS IN BRASSICA NAPUS UNDER LOW PHOSPHORUS SUPPLY

Application of phosphorus (P) fertilizer is important in crop production because of the low bioavailability of phosphorus to plants in both acidic and calcareous soils. Although rapeseed (Brassica napus) is generally sensitive to P deficiency, different cultivars differ widely in this respect. Differences in P uptake and utilization between two rapeseed cultivars, one P-efficient (‘97081’) and one P-inefficient (‘97009’), were evaluated in solution culture by studying the changes in root morphology and parameters of P uptake kinetics in response to low-P stress. The P-efficient cultivar had lower Km and Cmin values and higher Vmax and developed longer and denser lateral root hair with greater number of root tips and branches under low-P stress, which resulted in a better developed root system and more efficient uptake of P. That, in turn, led to higher concentration and accumulation of P in the plants, culminating in higher biomass production. However, P utilization efficiency (biomass production per unit P accumulated in plant) of the P-efficient ‘97081’ was lower than that of ‘97009’ when P was deficient. These results suggest that P efficiency in rapeseed is due to a better developed root system as well as efficient uptake of P.
Extractive Behavior of Magnesium Chloride and Isotopic Enrichment of Magnesium by a Crown Ether

Abstract Magnesium chloride was extracted into an organic phase including dicyclohex-ano-18-crown-6 (DC18C6). The partition coefficient showed its highest value for a liquid-liquid extraction system of 3.5 M MgCl2 aqueous phase. Magnesium isotopes 24Mg, 25Mg, and 26Mg were enriched in the system with their respective enrichment factors. The enrichment factor for 24Mg/26Mg was e = 0.0112 as a maximum value. The enrichment factors for a unit difference of mass numbers varied depending on the MgCl2 concentrations in the aqueous phase. The isotope-recognizing ability of DC18C6 was K c - 1.0016, which is smaller than the separation factor due to an exchange of the aqua/dichloro complex of Mg2+, K p - 1.0040. An odd/even isotope effect was observed, and it was assigned to nuclear properties other than mass difference. Odd/even staggering associated with the optical transition of electrons offers a consistent explanation to the different behaviors of isotopes with odd or even mass numbers.
Is the effect of person-organization fit on turnover intention mediated by job satisfaction? A survey of community health workers in China

目的 个人-组织契合度(person-organization fit，简称契合度）是工作态度的预测变量。 然而，在卫生人力资源领域，契合度的文献还非常有限。 契合度与离职意愿是直接相关还是间接相关，目前也还不清楚。 因此，使用中国的调查数据，以验证工作满意度在契合度与离职意愿关系中的中介作用。 设计与方法 采用2013年中国社区卫生人员的横断面调查数据，使用了自行设计的契合度问卷，并检验了信度、效度，也使用了既有的工作满意度、离职意愿问卷。 使用了多重线性回归和结构方程模型来分析契合度、工作满意度和离职意愿三者的关系。 研究地点和对象 研究使用了多层抽样，共有656份有效问卷，分别来自上海、陕西、山东和安徽4个省市。 结果 契合度与工作满意度正相关（标准化回归系数为0.246），契合度与离职意愿负相关（标准化回归系数为-0.186）。 在中介模型中，契合度对离职意愿的全效应为-0.186 (P<0.001)；契合度对离职意愿的直接效应为-0.094 (P<0.01) ；工作满意度对契合度和离职意愿关系的中介作用为-0.092 (P<0.001)。 结论 契合度对离职意愿的作用部分地受到工作满意度的中介效应影响。 建议今后的研究纳入更多的工作态度变量和多种维度的契合度来探索个人-组织互动的完整机制。 建议在卫生人力资源管理中采用契合度的间接测量法来改善人员工作态度。
Direct Optical Tuning of the Terahertz Plasmonic Response of InSb Subwavelength Gratings

Research on terahertz (THz) electromagnetic radiation has been booming in the past two decades in view of its unique properties and important applications in sensing, imaging, and spectroscopy. [ 1–3 ] The recent advancement of plasmonics and metamaterials has brought new approaches for manipulating THz waves. Signifi cant progress has been achieved in THz component development, such as ultra-high refractive index THz metamaterials, [ 4 ] beam collimated THz quantum cascade laser, [ 5 ] high effi ciency THz photomixer, [ 6 ] near fi eld on-chip THz detector, [ 7 ] THz modulators, [ 8–12 ] high extinction ratio THz polarizer [ 13 ] and THz spoof surface plasmon waveguides. [ 14–16 ]
Synthesis and Characterization of Magnesium Niobate

High Q Mg 4 Nb 2 O 9 (MN) ceramics were prepared by the solid-state reaction method. The effect of calcination temperature, milling time and sintering temperature on microstructures and dielectric properties of the Mg 4 Nb 2 O 9 ceramics was investigated. Calcination temperatures showed a considerable effect on phase formation and morphology of the Mg 4 Nb 2 O 9 ceramics and the amount of secondary phase had significant influence on the dielectric properties. The properties of the Mg 4 Nb 2 O 9 ceramics sintered at 1350°C were: ϵ r = 13.9102, tanδ = 0.4 × 10−4 and α c = +112.95 ppm/°C (1 MHz), Q× f = 233180 GHz (f0 = 12.123 GHz).
Electrodeposition of cobalt–tungsten alloys from alkaline citrate containing bath as alternative for chromium hexavalent replacement

Abstract Cobalt–tungsten alloys have been considered as potential materials for various applications. This work investigates the wear and corrosion resistance behaviour of cobalt–tungsten–phosphorus alloys electroplated from alkaline citrate containing baths. The wear rates of the cobalt–tungsten alloy electrodeposits were lower than those of the unalloyed cobalt electrodeposits. The wear rate was also lower than those of chromium plated from hexavalent chromium plating bath. It was also demonstrated that the addition of small quantities of phosphorus into Co–W alloys improved the corrosion resistance of the alloy. In fact, the addition of phosphorus further improved the corrosion of the alloy exposed to immersion test in comparison to cobalt–tungsten. The cobalt–tungsten alloys without having any phosphorus component were subjected to further oxidation of tungsten component followed by dissolution in deionised water during the immersion tests. On a considéré des alliages de cobalt et tungstène comme matériaux potentiels pour diverses applications. Ce travail examine le comportement d’usure et de résistance à la corrosion d’alliages de cobalt, tungstène et phosphore déposés par électrolyse, à partir de bains alcalins contenant du citrate. Les taux d’usures des dépôts de l’alliage de cobalt et tungstène étaient plus faibles que ceux des dépôts non alliés de cobalt. Le taux d’usure était également plus faible que ceux de chrome déposés à partir d’un bain de dépôt électrolytique de chrome hexavalent. On a également démontré que l’addition de petites quantités de phosphore dans les alliages de Co–W améliorait la résistance à la corrosion de l’alliage. En fait, l’addition de phosphore améliorait davantage la corrosion de l’alliage exposé à un essai d’immersion par rapport à l’alliage au cobalt et tungstène. Les alliages de cobalt et tungstène, sans la composante de phosphore, étaient sujets à davantage d’oxydation de la composante de tungstène suivie par la dissolution dans de l’eau déionisée lors des essais d’immersion.
Nanomedicines for targeted delivery of etoposide to non-small cell lung cancer using transferrin functionalized nanoparticles

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death. Clinical applications of anticancer drugs are limited due to non-specificity and systemic toxicity. Transferrin (Tf) receptors have been recognized to be up-regulated in several malignant carcinomas including non-small cell lung cancer. Herein, we investigate the anticancer activity of Tf conjugated and etoposide (ETPS) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (Tf-ESN) against Tf-receptors expressing A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Pharmacokinetic and tissue-distribution profiles of nanoparticles were studied in Balb/c mice. Targeted nanoparticles showed significantly higher anticancer activity of etoposide manifested by anti-proliferation assay, morphological changes and induced apoptosis in A549 cells. In biodistribution studies, Tf-ESN had higher plasma concentration, longer blood circulation and decrease in clearance of encapsulated ETPS than Etosid®, a marketed formulation of etoposide. In conclusion, the promising results of this study suggest that targeting of nanomedicines to Tf-receptors, those that are over expressed in non-small cell lung cancer could increase the therapeutic efficacy of lung cancer therapy.
Rotational and translational temperature equilibrium in an inductively coupled plasma

Rotational temperature has been used widely as neutral gas temperature measurement in different types of plasmas (electron cyclotron resonance, inductively coupled plasma, helicon, hollow cathode, etc.), and has been assumed to be in equilibrium with translational temperature. The direct experimental comparison of rotational and translational temperature in low-temperature plasmas has not been reported. In this research, optical emission spectroscopy is used to measure the neutral gas rotational temperature, Trot, from the second-positive band of a nitrogen molecule (380nm). The results are compared with the Doppler-broadened translational temperature, Ttrans, of Ar (750nm) and He (587nm), determined with a high-resolution spectrometer at various partial pressures of N2 in Ar∕N2 and He∕N2 plasmas. The results demonstrated that Trot and Ttrans are in equilibrium in the conditions [1010
Chlorophyll a Fluorescence and Absorption in Two Chlamydomonas Species

Phytoplankton densities in lakes and oceans are often measured via in vivo chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence. This quick and non-invasive method has large advantages over traditional sampling and extraction methods. Here we hypothesize that measurements of in vivo fluorescence might overestimate the actual Chl a concentration when algal cells contain relatively high concentrations of Chl a degradation products, as a result of reaching the stationary phase in growth or living in a stress-full environment. Therefore the in vivo and in vitro fluorescence of Chl a was measured in two species of Chlamydomonas and compared with total Chl a content. Regular sampling over the full range of their growth curves was obtained. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was selected as a species living in neutral, non-stressed environments and Chlamydomonas acidophila inhabits very acidic (pH 2.0–3.4), stress-full environments. Scattering of fluorescence during in vivo measurements resulted in an on average 25-fold lower Chl a concentration compared with in vitro measurements in both species. Cells of C. reinhardtii scattered approx. 1.5-fold more of the in vivo fluorescence than C. acidophila. The cellular Chl a content increased during the first fortnight period in both Chlamydomonas species. After reaching its maximum, the cellular Chl a content decreased with time in both species. This decrease was not accompanied by an increase of Chl a degradation products. The percentage of Chl a degradation products to total Chl a concentration was not significantly different between C. acidophila and C. reinhardtii; both species containing approximately 16 % of Chl a degradation products to total Chl a. Only 73–80 % of the concentration of Chl a measured by the in vitro fluorometric method was recovered in the HPLC. Therefore, despite the settings of the fluorometer, fluorescence possibly overestimated the Chl a concentration. In conclusion we find that external low pH or stationary growth does not result in increased concentrations of degradation products of Chl a. In addition, the extrapolation from the in situ detection of Chl a fluorescence with multiparameter sensors to concentrations of Chl a must be performed with great care as the use is subject to species-specific scattering of the fluorescence signal.
The Relationship between Stochastic and Deterministic Models for Chemical Reactions

The Markov chain and ordinary differential equation models for chemical reaction systems are compared. It is shown that if the volume of the reaction system is taken into account in an appropriate way in the formulation of the Markov chain model, then the o.d. e. model is the infinite volume limit of the Markov chain model. A central limit theorem is also given for the deviation of the Markov chain model from the o.d. e. model.
Enhanced thermal properties in a hybrid graphene–alumina filler for epoxy composites

In this report, we synthesized a new kind of liquid-crystal perylenebisimide polyurethane (LCPBI). Noncovalently functionalized reduced graphene oxide (RGO) with LCPBI was prepared via π–π stacking interactions. The noncovalently functionalized graphene nanosheets (LCPBI/RGO) were used to improve the thermal properties of epoxy composites, with modified Al2O3 nanoparticles (Al2O3-APS) which were grafted with a silane coupling agent (KH-550). We demonstrated that the thermal conductivity of the epoxy composites could be improved by hybrid LCPBI/RGO and Al2O3-APS fillers. For instance, the thermal conductivity of the epoxy composite with 30 wt% Al2O3-APS and 0.3 wt% LCPBI/RGO was 0.329 W m−1 K−1, increased by 105.6% compared to that of the pure epoxy (0.16 W m−1 K−1). Meanwhile the glass transition temperature and storage modulus of epoxy composites with increasing hybrid fillers was improved, as well as the α-relaxation apparent activation energy.
Impacts of Saharan dust and clouds on photosynthetically available radiation in the area off Northwest Africa

ABSTRACT Radiation measurements in the area off Northwest Africa (research cruise, February 2008) and at Mindelo (Cape Verde Islands, May 2009) were used to investigate the impacts of Saharan dust and clouds on solar irradiance and on photosynthetically available radiation, to derive a relationship between dust aerosol optical depth (AOD) and photosynthetically available radiation and to determine the annual variations of photosynthetically available radiation. Three different kinds of atmospheric conditions were considered: cloudy skies, which decreased or increased the irradiance and dusty skies. The reduction by clouds was up to 67.2% at 400 nm and up to 84.4% at 700 nm. Enhancements of up to 21.9% at 400 nm and 34.0% at 700 nm were observed. The decrease by dust was up to 19.7% at 400 nm and up to 4.1% at 700 nm. Clouds decreased or increased the photosynthetically available radiation by up to 79.9% or up to 31.2%. The reduction by dust depended on the dust AOD and was between 3.6% and 12.3%. A linear relationship confirmed a decrease of photosynthetically available radiation of 1.2% by an increase of dust AOD of 0.1.
Synthesis and characterisation of novel polymeric materials via living ROMP

A new series of dendronised monomers of different generations possessing different chemical structures has been designed, synthesised and characterised. Dendrons were initially synthesised in a stepwise manner from t-butanol, CDI and 1- [N, N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-propanol (HEAP) and were then coupled to norbomene derivatives for the provision of dendronised monomers, in particular, mono- and di-substituted first generation and di-substituted second generation polycarbonate dendronised monomers containing t-butyl terminal groups have been synthesised. Two di-substituted second generation polyurethane dendronised monomers containing t-butyl and 4-heptyl terminal groups were also successfully synthesised. Dendronised polymers have been synthesised from the NMR scale ring opening metathesis polymerisations of mono- and di-substituted first generation polycarbonate dendronised monomers along with a di-substituted second generation polycarbonate dendronised monomer, using varying ratios of monomer to initiator. It was found that the polymerisations were well-defined and that di-block copolymer products could be obtained due to the living nature of the systems. Molecular modelling studies have been performed using the CAChe® 3.2 program on the di-substituted second generation polycarbonate dendronised monomer and on a dendronised polymer up to a degree of polymerisation of 16. It was found that low DP oligomers of the second generation polycarbonate dendronised monomer had an approximately spherical shape, which tended towards cylindrical as the DP increased. The polymer at a DP of 16 had dimensions of approximately 10 nm diameter by 4 nm thickness. AFM images were also obtained using a scanning probe microscope MultiMode™ Nanoscope IV. The structures were found to be pancake shaped with dimensions of between 30-50 nm diameter and 3-6 nm thickness, which was approximately a factor of 3 greater than the dimensions calculated by molecular modelling. This discrepancy in size between the modelling studies and the AFM results is thought to arise from the effect that structure-solvent and structure-substrate interactions have on the overall conformation of the dendronised polymer when imaging by AFM.
Influence of Electrode Roughness on Cyclic Voltammetry

Electrodes with rough surfaces are of great practical importance from both applied and fundamental points of view. The diffusion domain approach is used to model cyclic voltammetry at such electrodes. Electrode roughness only has a significant effect on the shape of cyclic voltammograms and peak currents at relatively high values of electrode roughness. To verify the theory two experimental systems were used: TMPD in acetonitrile and Ru(NH3)6Cl3 in aqueous solution. In both cases cyclic voltammograms on the flat and roughened glassy carbon electrodes were in agreement with theory. Even significant surface roughness produced by deliberate polishing or scratching is not sufficient to be distinguished in cyclic voltammetry experiments conducted under the usual conditions.
Summary-Analysis and Literature Review of Trans- Cutaneous Oxygenation on Lower Extremity Wounds

Wound healing is a complex process of biochemical and cellular events. Anything that disrupts this highly complicated process can possibly cause a wound not to heal. Venous ulcer patients have systemic and local conditions such as venous hypertension that can cause compromised vascularity Wollina et al. [1]. Patients who suffer from arterial ulcers are having an etiology caused by severe macro vascular disease, while diabetic ulcerations are related to both microvascular and macro vascular disease Stephens & Hunt [2].
Formation, Chemistry and Fertility of Extraterrestrial Soils: Cohesion, Water Adsorption and Surface Area of Carbonaceous Chondrite. Prebiotic and Space Resource Applications

Abstract Following microbial and plant responses to Murchison CM2 meteorite nutrients, further soil fertility parameters are examined. Cohesion of the matrix is tested by dissolving in acidic disaggregation agents, 0.4 M CH 3 COOH, 10% HNO 3 , H 2 SO 4 (pH 3), 50%H 2 O 2 +H 2 SO 4 (pH 3), and saturated CO 2 solution. The responses suggest that carbonates and the organic polymer contribute as cementing agents, and that enhanced disaggregation by H 2 O 2 and diminished disaggregation in saturated CO 2 solutions may contribute to the weathering of carbonaceous meteorites in martian or early Earth environments, respectively. The cation exchange capacities (CEC) of the solid (7.2±0.8 meq/100 g) and powdered Murchison (7.8±1.5 meq/100 g) are comparable. The cation exchange capacity is not reduced by oxidation or acetylation, suggesting that the binding sites of exchangeable cations are mostly inorganic. The CEC correlates with water vapor adsorption similar to that for terrestrial soils. For example, at 20°C and P (H 2 O)=10.8 mbars, 17 mg/g H 2 O is adsorbed on Murchison (CEC=7.2 meq/100 g) and only 0.6 mg/g on Allende (CEC=0.4 meq/100 g). Under these conditions 13 H 2 O molecules are adsorbed per surface cation in Murchison and 8 H 2 O molecules/cation in Allende, similar to 9 H 2 O molecules/cation in terrestrial soils and in montmorillonite. Adsorption isotherms on the Murchison are convex at low pressures, indicating strong bonding of the first water molecules, and concave at high pressures, indicating a broad pore size distribution. Isotherms at 278, 293, and 311 K yield isosteric heat of adsorption of 56.5±2.5 kJ/mol at 4–8 H 2 O adsorbed molecules/cation, similar to that for montmorillonite. The isotherms yield a specific surface area of S w =37×10 3 m 2 /kg for Murchison, larger than the 19×10 3 m 2 /kg of pure serpentine, suggesting contributions, in addition to the main serpentine-like phyllosilicates, by components equivalent to a 9–12% smectic clay-like content. Water evaporation curves from meteorite surfaces display the multistage behavior typical of soils, with slow rates for the evaporation of surface-adsorbed water. The gas adsorption data allow an assessment of gas-adsorbed water equilibrium in the solar nebula and suggest possible self-catalytic effects in adsorption/aqueous alteration processes. The observed fertility indicators and biological effects support the potential of carbonaceous chondrites to support early biological processes and as soils for space-based agriculture.
Wood particleboards produced with unmodified and esterified Kraft lignins

Hardwood Kraft lignins were esterified with succinic anhydride and chemically, thermally and morphologically characterised compared to their unmodified counterparts. Esterification was confirmed by NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR). Esterified lignins were found to be porous, less thermally stable and slightly more hydrophilic than unmodified lignins because esterification with cyclic acid anhydride is accompanied with the simultaneous liberation of carboxylic acid groups. These free carboxylic acid groups are interesting for panel production as they could create new ester groups with wood components. The wood particleboard panels were produced via compression moulding using different concentrations of unmodified and esterified Kraft lignins as sole binders (10, 20 and 30%). All the mechanical properties [impact strength, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR)] of the studied wood particleboard panels significantly increased with the addition of the succinated and unmodified Kraft lignins. However, the best mechanical properties were determined for panels containing 20% of unmodified Kraft lignins. Therefore, the condensation reactions of the unmodified Kraft lignins taking place during the compression moulding seem explain why these lignins act as a more efficient binder than the succinated lignins.
Achieving polyhedral nanocrystal growth with systematic shape control

From our series of studies on the syntheses of polyhedral gold, Cu2O, Ag2O, PbS, Au–Cu2O, and Au–Pd nanocrystals with systematic shape evolution, we have gained important insights into the growth mechanism and factors controlling the particle morphologies. In the formation of metal nanocrystals, dendritic or branched structures have consistently been observed at the initial moments of the metal nanoparticle growth process. All evidence has indicated that tuning the reaction rates can lead to particle shape changes. Varying the amount of reducing agent used and partial halide ligand replacement of the metal precursors can tune the reduction rate and yield nanocrystals with shape evolution. For nanocrystals formed by precipitation reactions, lowering the reaction rates by decreasing the equilibrium constants through the use of suitable metal precursors and equilibrium shifting reagents, polyhedral nanocrystals can be obtained. These nanocrystals exposing different surfaces have shown very interesting facet-dependent physical and chemical properties.