Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CRISPR Cas 9 Mediated Genome Editing for Crop Improvement

CRISPR CAS9 is one of the most powerful technology in recent times that edits entire genome in various species and it belongs to the family of DNA sequence which is found in the genome of prokaryotic organism like bacteria and Archaea. It is a technology for the targeted editing and regulation of genes that can be applied to a number of biological systems. And it has been implemented in plant development which is bringing drastic change in the crop development disciplines, literally how this technology brings evolution in entire genome of species by inducing mutation in it or by editing entire genome of species which provide food security and reach the goal of zero hunger in the world, social impact, and knock out technology knocking out the old GMO technology by slashing the ethical dilemmas of GMOs
DESIGNING A RULE-BASED CYBER RISK ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR SMALL TO MEDIUM ENTERPRISES

With the extensive use of the internet nowadays, companies are becoming more and more at risk from cyber-attacks. Especially SMEs are vulnerable, as they lack in cybersecurity. This is due to time, resource and knowledge constraints. In the literature no clear solutions can be found in order to help SMEs with their cybersecurity. To overcome these issues, this research aims in developing a method with which a tool can be developed that can help SMEs in getting insights in their cybersecurity status. This tool should be capable of letting an SME do their own risk assessment without investing too much money or time. In order to do this, existing methods are analyzed. After the analysis, the TREsPASS method is used a basis for the tool. This method is slimmed down in order to fit the needs of SMEs. By creating a knowledge based system, the SMEs can use the knowledge of cybersecurity experts without the requirement to have to knowledge in-house.
Genetic and Ecologic Variability among Anaplasma phagocytophilum Strains, Northern Italy

1082 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc. gov/eid • Vol. 20, No. 6, June 2014 coeruleoabla), and 6 white-beaked dolphins (Lagenorhynchus aIbirostris). Serum samples from 145 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncates) from the collection of the Dolphinarium Harderwijk (Harderwijk, the Netherlands) were also tested. DRV-neutralizing antibodies were detected in serum samples from 1 bottlenose dolphin (7%), 5 striped dolphins (55%), 1 white-beaked dolphin (17%), and 3 harbor porpoises (4%). These results suggested that DRV or closely related viruses continue to infect members of cetacean species (6). Although rhabdovirus evolutionary pathways are complicated (9), our analysis suggests that DRV is a possible derivative of fish rhabdoviruses. DRV might have originated from an unidentified fish rhabdovirus and might cycle between fish and marine mammals, similar to that suggested for cycling of vesicular stomatitis virus between arthropods and terrestrial mammals (10). Future analyses of sequences from other marine mammal rhabdovirus sequences might support the validity of our phylogenetic analysis and result in creation of a new group containing marine mammal rhabdoviruses.
Analysis of Profitability Performance of Dangote Sugar Refineries PLC: During and After Recent Economic Recession in Nigeria (2013–2018)

Private sectors have contributed immensely to the development of Nigerian economy without a doubt. However, the Nigerian economy is volatile over the period years till date, which causes it to plug into recession in 2016. Many questions have been raised on the performances of business in the economy especially during economic recession and when economy is sound. Moreover, the investors needs more decision making tools to assist them on decisions to invest in Nigeria. Against this bankrupt, this research aimed to analysis the profitability performance of Dangote Sugar Refineries plc during and after recent economic recession in Nigeria (20132018). This research make use of simple profitability ratios: Net Profit Margin, Return on Assets (ROA), Returns on Equity (ROE) ratios, and trend analysis was also used to analyze and estabilshed trends in the profitability performance of Dangote Sugar Refineries plc during and after recent economic recession in Nigeria for the periods under review. The research revealed that, the Dangote Sugar Refineries plc performs better after economic recession than when the economy is recessed, as the Net Profit Margin, Return on Assets (ROA), Returns on Equity (ROE) ratios improved after 2016, during recession. GJMBR-B Classification: JEL Code: M20 AnalysisofProfitabilityPerformanceofDangoteSugarRefineriesPLCDuringandafterRecentEconomicRecessioninNigeria20132018 Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: Global Journal of Management and Business Research: B Economics and Commerce Volume 19 Issue 5 Version 1.0 Year 2019 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Online ISSN: 2249-4588 & Print ISSN: 0975-5853 Analysis of Profitability Performance of Dangote Sugar Refineries PLC: During and after Recent Economic Recession in Nigeria (2013-2018)
Cost-Benefit Analysis of continuous cover forestry and buffer zones as Nature Based Solutions to preserve water quality level in Lake Puruvesi and in its sub-catchment area.

<p>Mitigation of the perceived risks of climate change is urgent issue in many fields. This research focuses on providing information to support decision making in mitigation of hydro-meteorological risks that climate change causes to the water quality in Lake Puruvesi and in its sub-catchment area. This study reviews continuous cover forestry (CCF) and buffer zones as possible nature-based solutions (NBS) that could achieve the goal of keeping the water quality level in study site on current level or improve it. The main research question of this research is: Is it economically cost-efficient to implement continuous cover forestry and buffer zones as nature-based solutions to mitigate nutrient loading in research area so that the water quality will stay at least at the current level in the future? </p><p>Previous research has shown that CCF can be economically feasible way to manage forests. In addition to this, continuous cover forestry and buffer zones can reduce nutrient loading from forests to nearby waters. These solutions are evaluated in the framework of cost-benefit analysis which is the main method in this study. The aim is to monetize costs and benefits that NBS implementation will cause. If the net social benefits after analysis are positive, the project should be recommended. In this study recreation values from the study site were obtained by utilizing pre-existing valuation studies made by Finnish Natural Resource Center. Costs on the other hand were derived by using size-structured forest optimization model. The economic loss for forest owners is the difference between their optimal forest management choice, and the optimized solution, where clearcutting is restricted. In the buffer zone case optimization was similar but the costs from buffer zones are directly the maximized profits from forest as the buffer zone is completely left out from any forestry. </p><p>In both cases CCF was the optimal forest management regime for the sample forests. When these costs were compared to the benefits this study produced positive net social benefits and hence CCF and buffer zones should be recommended as NBS in the study site. However, there are quite large assumptions made in this study, and further modeling of nutrient flow in study site is required as the quantified impacts of nutrient run-off are still unclear. For this reason, further research is required for more precise analysis regarding quantified impacts. </p>
Does irrigation affect leaf phenology in deciduous and evergreen trees of the savannas of northern Australia

AbstractSoil moisture was augmented experimentally during two successive dry seasons and the intervening wet season in a humid tropical savanna in Darwin, northern Australia. Leaf phenology was monitored in four common tree species Termmalia ferdinandiana and Planchonia careya (both deciduous species), and Eucalyptus miniata and Eucalyptus tetrodonta (both evergreen species). Irrigation produced consistently significant effects in only T. ferdinandiana. In this species leaf-flush was significantly earlier, canopy decline and leaf-fall were significantly later and the attainment of full canopy was earlier in irrigated compared with non-irrigated trees. Litterfall, and the seasonal patterns of contraction and expansion of stems (a measure of stem water status or storage) were not significantly affected by irrigation in any species. Leaf longevity in the deciduous species was 6–8 months; some eucalypt leaves lived for approximately 1 year, but none lived longer than 18 months. Irrigation had relatively little effect on leaf longevity. While variation in soil moisture is a potentially important cue to both leaf-fall and leaf-flush, stem water status and climatic factors such as vapour pressure deficit may also be important climatic cues to phenological behaviour.
Effectiveness of e-Servqual in e-Tailing - Shoppers Expectations

In the recent days, Omni channel retailing is quite famous and gain importance among the customers. The retailers are also expecting some additional source of sales revenue to meet out the hectic competition around globe. This study is made with the intention to evaluate the service quality of online retail services with the sixteen service quality dimensions. The study is describing the intention of the shoppers pertaining to the service quality offered by the retailers in online mode. The primary data was collected from 310 respondents through circulating the structured questionnaire consists of various statements explaining all these sixteen eservice quality dimensions. Appropriate statistical tools have employed to assess the relationship among these variables and its impact on the achievements of the customer’s expectations at the end. It was completely depicted through the structural equation model constructed with the help of AMOS v.20.
The Salal Cedar Hemlock Integrated Research Program (SCHIRP): Management through understanding

The problem being addressed is the poor growth of regenerating western redcedar, western hemlock, amabilis fir and Sitka spruce on cutovers of coastal old-growth cedar-hemlock (CH) forests invaded by salal. The approach has been dual; a series of field trials was established to determine the best practices for improving the productivity of CH sites, and ecological studies have investigated the underlying causes of the poor regeneration. SCHIRP is based on partnerships among individuals from forest industry, government, and universities. There have been multiple funding sources during the 15-year history of the project, most notably NSERC and Forest Renewal BC. The involvement of forest industry in the research program has helped to ensure funding for research, completion of projects during ebbs of funding, and the extension of findings to forestry practices. The project has a coordinator who is responsible for communicating with funding agencies, synthesising information, producing proposals and reports, .
Patterns in the Distribution and Abundance of Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in Rivers and Lakes in Relation to Substrate and Other Physicochemical Factors

Using SCUBA and an in situ method of quantifying substrate characteristics, we describe patterns of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) distribution along the St. Lawrence and Hudson rivers and in Oneida Lake, New York, and develop empirical models for their abundance. Calcium-poor waters originating from rivers draining the Canadian Shield resulted in a complete lack of zebra mussel colonization along the north shore of the St. Lawrence River east of Montreal despite an abundance of suitable substrate. Calcium concentrations of 15 mg/L or less limited the distribution of zebra mussel. The entire south shore from Cornwall, Ontario, to ile d'Orleans, Quebec, was colonized by zebra mussel wherever suitable substrate was found. Among the three systems, substrate size explained between 38 and 91% of the variability in density. Other factors such as Secchi depth, calcium concentration in the water, the presence of crayfish, native unionid abundance, and the maximum width of the river at the site increased the .
PRESENCE AND POSSIBLE ASSIMILATION OF RHIZOBIUM LEGUMINOSARUM IN THE GUT OF PEA LEAF WEEVIL, SITONA LINEA TUS, LARVAE

The presence and possible assimilation of Rhizobium leguminosarum in the gut of the pea leaf weevil (***Sitona lineatus (L.)) larvae was investigated with a fluorescent antibody technique and electron microscopy. The fluorescent antibody technique proved that many R. leguminosarum bacteroids were present in the gut of 14‐day old larvae which had been feeding within pea (Pisum sativum L.) root nodules. Examination of larval midgut thin sections with transmission electron microscopy also revealed many R. leguminosarum bacteroids as a constituent of the gut contents. Intact bacteroids were more prevalent in the anterior and middle portions of the midgut while bacteroids with disrupted cell walls were observed more often in the posterior portions of the midgut. Of the hindgut sections examined, none showed the presence of intact bacteroids. These results provide strong evidence that R. leguminosarum bacteroids are digested, absorbed and possibly assimilated by pea leaf weevil larvae.
Investigations into the taxonomy, toxicity and ecology of benthic cyanobacterial accumulations in Myall Lake, Australia

Large benthic accumulations of cyanobacteria occur in sheltered embayments within Myall Lake, New South Wales, Australia. The lake is shallow, with the entire bottom within the euphotic zone, and it is generally considered pristine, having low nutrient concentrations. The accumulations are highly organic and contain a mix of species mainly from the order Chroococcales, with two forms of Aphanothece being dominant. However polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis indicates a close similarity to Microcystis flos-aquae. The cells appear to lack aerotopes and form sticky mucilaginous amalgamations, which may enhance their benthic habit. Although Chroococcales also dominate the planktonic cyanobacterial community, the benthic species are seldom, if ever, found entrained within the water column. Some hepatotoxicity was indicated by mouse bioassay, protein phosphatase inhibition assay, enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) for microcystins, PCR and by chromatographic evidence for a microcystin. Ecological aspects of the distribution, gross morphology of the organisms and management implications for recreational water-users are discussed.
A Comparative Study of Permutation Tests with Euclidean and Bray-Curtis Distances for Common Agricultural Distributions in Regression

Abstract Önder, H. 2008. A comparative study of permutation tests with Euclidean and Bray-curtis distances for common agricultural distributions in regression. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 34: 133–136. This study describes the efficiency of permutation test for Normal, Poisson, Chi-Square and Cauchy distributions. Permutation of raw data with Euclidean distance method can be recommended when the sample size is less than 15 and permutation of residuals under the full model with Euclidean distance method can be preferred when the sample size is higher than 15 except for normal distribution. Bray-Curtis distances are not suitable for such distributions.
Assessing the potential impact of transmission during prolonged viral shedding on the effect of lockdown relaxation on COVID-19

A key parameter in epidemiological modeling which characterizes the spread of an infectious disease is the mean serial interval. There is increasing evidence supporting a prolonged viral shedding window for COVID-19, but the transmissibility in this phase is unclear. Based on this, we build a model including an additional compartment of infectious individuals who stay infectious for a longer duration than the reported serial interval, but with infectivity reduced to varying degrees. We find that such an assumption also yields a plausible model in explaining the data observed so far, but has different implications for the future predictions in case of a gradual easing on the lockdown measures. Considering the role of modeling in important decisions such as easing lockdown measures and adjusting hospital capacity, we believe that it is critically important to consider a chronically infectious population as an alternative modeling approach to better interpret the transmission dynamics of COVID-19.
Multiple Insemination and Male Sexual Selection in Natural Populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura

Data are presented which indicate a high frequency of concurrent multiple paternity in the progeny of females in a natural population of Drosophila pseudoobscura. A probability model is presented and used to obtain maximum-likelihood estimates of parameters describing the pattern of sperm use and the amount of concurrent multiple paternity in several population samples. The probability that two randomly selected offspring from a single randomly selected female have the same father was found to be . 79. Estimates of effective mating frequency of male genotypes suggest that one of the samples came from a population in which there was nonrandom mating. Some evolutionary consequences of multiple matings in Drosophila are discussed.
The Golden Gate Leech Helobdella californica (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae): Occurrence and DNA-Based Taxonomy of a Species Restricted to San Francisco

Leeches of the genus Helobdella are small brooding annelids that inhabit lakes and streams on every continent, notably in South America. The type species, H. stagnalis L. 1758, occurs in Europe and North America. Here I provide novel observations on the occurrence, morphology, and parental care patterns of the related H. californica, a taxon described in 1988, based on specimens collected in Stow Lake, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco. In 2007, the original H. californica population no longer existed, possibly due to eutrophication of this popular “duck pond”. However, in other, cleaner lakes of the Golden Gate Park dense, stable populations of H. californica were discovered. Between 2007 and 2010 adult individuals were investigated in the laboratory with respect to their pigment patterns and feeding behaviour. The leeches suck the red, haemoglobin-rich haemolymph from insect larvae (Chironomus sp.) and other small aquatic invertebrates and feed their young attached to their ventral surface. A typical feeding episode is described and documented. In addition, a neighbour-joining analysis was performed based on a newly acquired DNA sequence of part of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO-I) for H. californica, combined with other, related leech species. These molecular data corroborate that the “Golden Gate leech” is a separate species and not a colour variant of H. stagnalis. Since, over the past 25 years, H. californica has only been found in the freshwater ecosystems of the Golden Gate Park, it is concluded that this rare leech is a species restricted to San Francisco. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
PHASE THREE OF WRIGHT'S SHIFTING‐BALANCE THEORY

We examine the third phase of Wright's shifting‐balance theory of evolution, the exportation by migration of favorable gene combinations from a fitter subgroup to the rest of the population. The equations are deterministic and are studied numerically. Most of the models studied involve 2–9 loci in which all intermediates between two extreme genotypes are equally unfit. If the favored combination consists of dominant alleles, it is usually fixed even if the migration rate is two orders of magnitude less than the selection coefficient, and if the combination is recessive, one order. Although Wright thought of migration as being essentially one‐way, two‐way migration does not significantly alter the results. We conclude that, whatever weaknesses the Wright theory may have, they are not in phase III.
Young Rural Consumers’ Insights: Effects of Demographics and Media on Brand Awareness and Brand Image

The purpose of this paper is to identify the levels of brand awareness, sources of brand awareness, and brand image of smart phones among young and educated rural consumers. Data was collected from 800 young and educated rural consumers. The relevant responses were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and Chi-square via the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The opening of new stores that ensure the availability of all brands and the opening of service centres, among other things, are recommended to create awareness and build preference as the educated rural youth changes phones quite frequently. Males were found to be more familiar regarding awareness and usage for all brands of mobile phones than females. Marketers must focus on the needs of female consumers for creating better awareness and preference in them. It is recommended that marketers must develop their websites and update all the new applications and attractive offers over there. This is because the internet is considered as the essential source for creating awareness among the young and educated rural consumers.The coverage area of the study is too small and needs to expand to generalise the findings. Respondents were selected from educational institutions of Delhi, the capital city of India. Consequently, there is a limitation to representing the entire population of India.The findings of the paper indicate the awareness level and brand image perception among young and educated rural consumers, which is not covered much in the existing literature. From this paper, marketers and practitioners can get help in formulating strategies to make their brands popular and improve their brand equity to make their business sustainable. Empirically, marketers and practitioners should focus on media to create brand awareness among young consumers and should put more effort in making efficient use of social networking media, such as Facebook, etc.
Computational Approach for Rational Design of Fusion Uricase with PAS Sequences

Tumor lysis syndrome is a life-threatening condition for humans due to the lack of urate oxidase. In this study, several variants of PASylated uricase from the Aspergillus flavus species were analyzed computationally to find the appropriate fusions to solve short half-life and stability concern. The Ab initio method was performed using Rosetta software to structurally characterize the PAS sequences. The 3D structures of fusions were predicted for fused C- or N-terminally PAS sequences in different length to the uricase. The refinement and energy minimization steps revealed that physicochemical and conformational properties of fusions improved while the structures possessed prolonged PAS sequences. Molecular docking results showed that the highest binding affinity to uric acid belonged to uricase-PAS1-100 by the formation of six hydrogen and four non-hydrogen bonds. Altogether, the results indicated that the PASylation process would be promising upon the production of urate oxidase with improved solubility and stability.
The principle of non-discrimination and non-stigmatization: reflections on leprosy

This article is based on Article 11 of the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, which addresses the principle of non-discrimination and non-stigmatization. The paper discusses the concepts of discrimination, stigma and structural violence, analyzing the specific case of leprosy from the viewpoint of bioethics and human rights. The research also considers the fact that Brazil is the second country most affected by the disease. The conclusion stresses the importance of this declaration as a theoretical and practical instrument to address the social exclusion of people in this situation.