Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Holistic Mapping in an Electron Microprobe

When an electron beam interacts with a solid target a number of interactions occur which produce electrons, x-rays and light. Typically in an electron microprobe analyser (EPMA) both the electron and x-ray signals are collected for analysis and imaging. However, if the EPMA is equipped with an optical spectrometer then all three signals can be collected. Commonly, the optical or CathodoLuminescence (CL) spectrometer is a monochromator type and can only collect a single frequency or small range of frequencies at a time. Simultaneous collection of the complete visible spectrum is not possible. The collection optics associated with the spectrometer often must be moved into place to start collection, this then obscures the other detectors and prevents simultaneous collection. At CSIRO Minerals an optical spectrometer has been integrated into a JEOL 8900R EPMA and allows simultaneous collect of all light, x-rays and electron signals. This form of mapping, termed Holistic Mapping, has significant advantages over traditional mapping in that it removes the need to have a priori knowledge about what the important frequencies are that will provide the solution to the problem at hand.
Diving deeper into jellyfish: The rich population of jellyfish galaxies in Abell 901/2

Abstract Jellyfish galaxies are the most striking examples of galaxies undergoing ram pressure stripping – the removal of gas as a result of a hydrodynamic friction in dense environments. As part of the OMEGA (OSIRIS Mapping of Emission-line Galaxies in Abell 901/2) survey, we have identified the largest sample of jellyfish galaxies in a single system to this date, located in the Abell 901/2 multi-cluster system at z ˜ 0.165. We present our results with a detailed description of this sample regarding their very high star formation rates and their unique spatial distribution pattern that can be explained as a result of the merging system triggering ram pressure stripping events. Furthermore, we also show the results of our most recent morphometric studies where we use Morfometryka as a tool to characterise the morphologies and structural evolution of jellyfish galaxies. Our morphometric analysis shows that jellyfish galaxy candidates have peculiar concave regions in their surface brightness profiles. Therefore, these profiles are less concentrated (lower Sérsic indices) than other star forming galaxies that are not experiencing such extreme ram pressure effects.
Observations of AGN feeding and feedback on Nuclear, Galactic, and Extragalactic Scales

Abstract We investigate the processes of active galactic nuclei (AGN) feeding and feedback in the narrow line regions (NLRs) and host galaxies of nearby AGN through spatially resolved spectroscopy with the Gemini Near-Infrared Integral Field Spectrograph (NIFS) and the Hubble Space Telescope’s Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS). We examine the connection between nuclear and galactic inflows and outflows by adding long-slit spectra of the host galaxies from Apache Point Observatory. We demonstrate that nearby AGN can be fueled by a variety of mechanisms. We find that the NLR kinematics can often be explained by in situ ionization and radiative acceleration of ambient gas, often in the form of dusty molecular spirals that may be the fueling flow to the AGN.
First results of the DIVING3D survey of bright galaxies in the local universe: The mini-DIVING3D sample

Abstract We present the first results of the Deep Integral Field Spectroscopy View of Nuclei of Galaxies (DIVING3D) survey, obtained from the analysis of the nuclear emission-line spectra of a sub-sample we call mini-DIVING3D, including all southern galaxies with B < 11.2 and |b| >15°. In comparison with previous studies, very few galaxies were classified as Transition objects. A possible explanation is that at least part of the Transition objects are composite systems, with a central low-ionization nuclear emission-line region (LINER) contaminated by the emission from circumnuclear H II regions. The high spatial resolution of the DIVING3D survey allowed us to isolate the nuclear emission from circumnuclear contaminations, reducing the number of Transition objects.
Laser-Induced Fast Magnetization Precession and Gilbert Damping for CoCrPt Alloy Thin Films with Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy

We have investigated magnetic field strength (up to 10 kOe) and angle dependences of spin dynamics in 4-nm-thick films of CoCrPt alloys with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy using the all-optical time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect (TRMOKE). The comprehensive TRMOKE measurements have indicated the Gilbert damping constant α of 0.05 for the alloy film with low coercivity. The experiments also indicated that α values for the alloy films deposited at higher temperatures with higher coercivities were also no greater than 0.06.
Correction

BIOCHEMISTRY Correction for “Phosphorylation of CMG helicase and Tof1 is required for programmed fork arrest,” by Deepak Bastia, Pankaj Srivastava, Shamsu Zaman, Malay Choudhury, Bidyut K. Mohanty, Julien Bacal, Lance D. Langston, Philippe Pasero, and Michael E. O’Donnell, which appeared in issue 26, June 28, 2016, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (113:E3639–E3648; first published June 13, 2016; 10.1073/pnas.1607552113). The authors note that the affiliation for Julien Bacal and Philippe Pasero should instead appear as Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS, 34396 Montpellier, France. The corrected author and affiliation lines appear below. The online version has been corrected.
Kinematics of the parsec-scale jet of the blazar AO 0235+164

Abstract Radio interferometric maps of the blazar AO 0235+164 show the existence of a stationary core, and a compact jet composed of multiple receding components. In this work, we determined the structural characteristics of these jet components (core-component distance, position angle, flux density, etc.) using the statistical method for global optimization Cross-Entropy (CE). The images we analyzed were extracted from public databases, totaling 41 images at 15 GHz and 128 images at 43 GHz. Using criteria such as the value of the CE merit function, and mean residuals, we determined the optimum number of components in each map analyzed in this work. We found that jet components are distributed across all four quadrants on the plane of the sky, indicating a possible non-fixed jet orientation during the monitoring interval. The time evolution of the equatorial coordinates of the jet components were used to determine their respective speeds, ejection epochs, and mean position angles on the plane of the sky. We have identified more than 20 components in the jet of AO 0235+164, with their apparent speeds ranging roughly from 2c to 40c, and distributed across all four quadrants on the plane of the sky. From the kinematics of these jet components we could derive a lower limit of about 39 for its bulk jet Lorentz factor and an upper limit of approximately 42 degrees for its jet viewing angle.
The Internationalization of Chinese Firms: A Case for Theoretical Extension?1

This paper examines the patterns of, and motives for, internationalization by prominent market-seeking Chinese firms. Case studies of these firms indicate that they are seeking technological and brand assets to create a competitive position in international markets. While mainstream theory tends to assume that firms internationalize to exploit competitive advantages, Chinese firms are generally making such investments in order to address competitive disadvantages. They are engaging in ‘inward’ internationalization by means of original equipment manufacture (OEM) and joint venture partnerships, and ‘outward’ internationalization by means of acquisition and organic expansion abroad. Each of these routes offers certain benefits coupled with its own challenges or risks. The paper concludes that the Chinese case offers an opportunity to extend present theorizing in four primary areas concerning the latecomer perspective and catch-up strategies, institutional analysis with reference to the role of government, the relations between entrepreneurs and institutions, and the liability of foreignness.
A Dose-Response Study of Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms

Bacterial biofilms show enormous levels of antibiotic resistance, but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Multidrug resistance pumps (MDRs) are responsible for the extrusion of chemically unrelated antimicrobials from the bacterial cell. Contribution of the MDR-mediated efflux to antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms was examined by using strains overexpressing and lacking the MexAB-OprM pump. Resistance of P. aeruginosa biofilms to ofloxacin was dependent on the expression of MexAB-OprM but only in the low concentration range. Unexpectedly, biofilm resistance to ciprofloxacin, another substrate of MexAB-OprM, did not depend on the presence of this pump. Dose-dependent killing indicated the presence of a small “superresistant” cell fraction. This fraction was primarily responsible for very high resistance of P. aeruginosa biofilms to quinolones. Bacterial cells recovered from a biofilm and tested under nongrowing conditions with tobramycin exhibited higher resistance levels than planktonic cells but lower levels than cells of an intact biofilm.
TESTING THE PERFORMANCE OF SOME DEAD OIL VISCOSITY CORRELATIONS

The knowledge of viscosity plays a very important role in a variety of interesting engineering problems involving fluid flow in porous media and reservoir simulation. The dead oil viscosity is defined as the viscosity of crude oil at atmospheric pressure (no gas in solution) and system temperature. Several correlations have been proposed in the past for predicting the dead oil viscosity. Most of the dead oil viscosity correlations are based on the oil °API gravity and temperature. In this work, evaluating the performance of investigated models. Beal, Beggs-Robinson, Glaso, Labedi and Petrosky and Farshad correlations have been investigated for some Libyan crude oils. Statistical analysis in terms of absolute deviation percent (% AD), and the absolute average deviations percent (% AAD) are used to subject the evaluation of the viscosity correlations. Comparison results indicate that, Beggs-Robinson correlation provide the best prediction for dead oil viscosities in the investigated Libyan oil samples within AAD of 9.58%. Results of this study can be helpful in screening viscosity correlations to suite Libyan crude oils as well as similar crudes. Key Word: Viscosity; dead oil; correlation; absolute average deviation; temperature.
Series resistance characterization of industrial silicon solar cells with screen‐printed contacts using hotmelt paste

This work presents the results of a detailed series resistance characterization of silicon solar cells with screen‐printed front contacts using hotmelt silver paste. Applying the hotmelt technology energy conversion efficiencies up to 18·0% on monocrystalline wafers with a size of 12·5 cm × 12·5 cm have been achieved, an increase of 0·3% absolute compared to cells with conventional screen‐printed contacts. This is mainly due to the reduction in the finger resistance to values as low as 14 Ω/m, which reduces the series resistance of the solar cell significantly. To retrieve the lumped series resistance as accurately as possible under the operating condition, different determination methods have been analyzed. Methods under consideration were fitting of the two‐diode equation function to a dark IV‐curve, integration of the area A under an IV‐curve, comparison of a jsc–Voc with a one‐sun IV‐curve, comparison of the jsc and Voc points of a shaded curve with the one‐sun IV‐curve as well as comparison of a dark IV‐curve with a one‐sun IV‐curve, and comparison of IV‐curves measured at different light intensities. The performed investigations have shown that the latter four methods all resulted in reliable series resistance values. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pragmatic directions about language use: Offers of words and relations

Adult speakers constantly offer young children new terms, conventional words for the events and objects being talked about. They make direct offers of unfamiliar words, using deictics or other forms that signal that the upcoming term is new, and they make indirect offers on the assumption that the relevant meaning is computable on that occasion. Adults also present young children with information about how words are related to each other through such connections as is a part of, is a kind of, belongs to, or is used for. These pragmatic directions provide children with essential information about language and language use as they make inferences about possible meanings for unfamiliar words. They also offer support for an alternative to constraints-based accounts of lexical acquisition by providing a conversation-based approach more consistent with the findings from spontaneous speech and from experimental results.
Dark matter content of ETGs and its relation to the local density of galaxies

Abstract We study the behaviour of the dynamical and stellar mass inside the effective radius as function of local density for early-type galaxies (ETGs). We use several samples of ETGs - ranging from 19000 to 98000 objects - from the ninth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We consider Newtonian dynamics, different light profiles and different initial mass functions (IMF) to calculate the dynamical and stellar mass. We assume that any difference between these two masses is due to dark matter and/or a non-universal IMF. The main results are: (i) the amount of dark matter (DM) inside ETGs depends on the environment; (ii) ETGs in low-density environments span a wider DM range than ETGs in dense environments; (iii) the amount of DM inside ETGs in the most dense environments will be less than approximately 55-65 per cent of the dynamical mass; (iv) the accurate value of this upper limit depends on the impact of the IMF on the stellar mass estimation.
Nuclear ionised outflows in a sample of 30 local galaxies

Abstract Understanding active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback is essential for building a coherent picture of the evolution of the super massive black hole and its host galaxy. To that end we have analysed the inner kiloparsec of a sample of 30 local AGN with spatially resolved optical spectroscopy. In this talk I will review the analysis of the ionised gas for the galaxies in our sample, including kinematical maps, emission line ratios and fluxes. The W80 kinematical index is used to trace outflows, and also to provide an estimate for the outflowing velocity. Electron densities, derived from the [S II] ΛΛ6716, 6731Å lines, along with Hα luminosities and the sizes of the outflowing regions are employed in estimates of the outflowing gas mass. We find a median mass outflow rate of Ṁ = 0.3 M⊙ yr-1 and median outflow power of log [P/(erg s-1)] = 40.4.
Ordered layers of monodispersive colloids

We discuss both organic and inorganic monodispersive colloids having diameters of the order of a few hundred nm. The use of emulsion polymerisation and the Stober technique to produce organic and inorganic particles respectively is described. The application of ordered layers of such particles in photonics is discussed with particular reference to obtaining a photonic bandgap and the theoretical treatments of this question are briefly reviewed. There follows a review of the principal methods which have been employed to form good ordered multilayers of these materials. The so called inverted structures made by filling the interstices of these multilayers with another compound and then etching out the original particles are described. The results of some of the more important optical studies of both original multilayers and inverted multilayers are given.
The structures and properties of hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) films produced by thermal curing

The structures and properties of hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) films produced by curing were studied in the temperature range of 240–340 °C for various curing times. The experimental results show that the transformation of the cage structure to the network structure is the major reaction in the studied temperature range. The cage–network transformation can be explained by two-stage zero order kinetics. The rate constant of the first stage is 10–35 times more than that of the second stage. The activation energy and frequency factor of the cage–network transformation are 64.63 kJ mol−1 and 2.76 × 104 s−1 for the first stage while those of the second stage are 38.59 kJ mol−1 and 4.11 s−1, respectively. The difference is probably because the network structure of the second stage limits the structural transformation and results in a small frequency factor. The porosity of the cured HSQ films increases rapidly with curing time in the first 10 min and then slowly for the remaining time. The FE-SEM (Field Emission-Scanning Electron Miscroscope) result suggests the formation of nano-pores in the cured film. The evolution of porosity is probably due to the outgassing of the reaction side-product (SiH4), the trapped solvent (4-methylpentan-2-one) or the cage/network transformation. The last two factors contribute significantly as shown by the refractive index results of the cured films. The increasing film thickness with increasing curing time and temperature indicates the evolution of porosity in the HSQ film.
Feedback from central massive black holes in galaxies using cosmological simulations

Abstract Gas accretion onto central supermassive black holes of active galaxies and resulting energy feedback, is an important component of galaxy evolution, whose details are still unknown especially at early cosmic epochs. We investigate BH growth and feedback in quasar-host galaxies at z ⩾ 6 by performing cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. We simulate the 2R 200 region around a 2 × 1012 Mʘ halo at z = 6, inside a (500 Mpc)3 comoving volume, using the zoom-in technique. We find that BHs accrete gas at the Eddington rate over z = 9–6. At z = 6, our most-massive BH has grown to M BH = 4 × 109 Mʘ. Star-formation is quenched over z = 8–6.
Terahertz and optical properties of nematic mixtures composed of liquid crystal isothiocyanates, fluorides and cyanides

Several simple nematic eutectic liquid crystal mixtures composed of different two and three ring isothiocyanato compounds as well as mixtures consisting of analogous cyano and fluoro compounds were formulated. The optical properties of the thereby obtained mixtures, i.e. refractive indices, birefringence and absorption coefficients αe and αo are measured in the frequency range between 0.5 and 2.5 THz and in the visible range at 589 nm. Our results show that two mixtures can be identified, which seems particularly promising for applications in the terahertz (THz) range: those consisting only of isothiocyanates show the highest birefringence at THz frequencies while those consisting of isothiocyanates and cyanides have the smallest dichroic ratio over a broad THz range. We also found that in most cases, the absorption coefficients of the isothiocyanato compounds fulfill the relationship αe > αo while for cyano and fluoro compounds, αo > αe is observed as a dominating trend. Furthermore, we show that by carefully selecting constituents of both isothiocyanato and cyano compounds, we can achieve a mixture for which the values of αo are in the same order as for αe for THz frequencies below 2 THz.
Microbial biomass, organic matter mineralization and nitrogen in soils from long‐term experimental grassland plots (Palace Leas meadow hay plots, UK)

The Palace Leas meadow hay plots have received different annual manure and fertilizer applications since 1897 and represent the second oldest permanent grassland experiment in the world. Although the soil properties have diverged as a result of the experimental treatments since 1897, the soil organic carbon (SOC) contents of the plots have remained largely unchanged between the 1980s and 2006. In this study we have determined the effects of contrasting manure and fertilizer treatments on the total N contents of the soil, the recalcitrance of soil organic matter, the contributions made from different depths to the overall C mineralization, and the distribution of soil microbial biomass in the soil profiles. Relative to the control plot, which has received no manure or fertilizer additions since 1897, the two plots that have received manure or P plus K contain significantly more N, which in the case of the P plus K plot is consistent with abundant Trifolium spp. in the sward. The plot that has received farmyard manure (FYM) contained 11% more N than the control. The two plots that received large inputs of (NH4)2SO4 and which have consequently become highly acidic (around pH 4) contain 15–27% less N than the control despite the N addition and the accumulation of SOC in these plots. The plot that has only received P has also apparently lost total N (20%) relative to the control. The rates of C mineralization of the microbial biomass were closely related to total SOC contents but have been positively influenced by the increased N in the P plus K plot. Values for soil N, C mineralization rate and microbial C are reported because such data from sites that have been under known long‐term known land‐use are extremely rare and because there is increasing realization of the potential importance of soil data, especially biological characteristics, for monitoring environmental changes.
Optimization and Applications of Fluorescence anisotropy assays and Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Measurements

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium signaling protein that activates over hundred of targets including PMCA. This dissertation mainly focuses on optimizing and applications of fluorescence anisotropy (FA) and FRET experiments for CaM-target interactions. First we evaluated the extent of interaction of fluorophores with CaM upon conjugation. In this study, three dyes were tested for influences of their charges on interaction with CaM. We employed time-resolved and steady state fluoresce anisotropy as well as fluorescence quenching experiments to study these interactions. The positively charged dye turns out to strongly interact with CaM than neutral and negatively charged dyes. Secondly, FA based assays for direct determination of affinities of CaM-target interactions are developed and the results are consistent with previously reported values. Finally, a FRET based methods are used to study the mechanism of activation of PMCA by CaM and found that the results are consistent with previously reported three-state model.
Synthesis and Characterization of Zn Nanoparticles by Using Hetero-Bicyclic Compound

The 1:1 condensation reaction between benzil and tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane in methanol yields a hetero bicyclic compound 5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2-diphenyl-3,7-dioxa-8-aza-bicyclo [3.2. octan-2-ol. It was characterized by FT-IR, NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometry. The structure was conclusively determined by X-ray diffractrometric analysis. The structure shows a hetero bicyclic ring system. It consists of six membered morpholine and five membered oxazolidine rings with free hydroxyl groups. This bicyclic compound was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent to prepare zinc nanoparticles. The morphology and structure were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive spectrum analysis (EDS).