Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct polymer microcantilever fabrication from free-standing dry film photoresists

Traditionally, polymeric microcantilevers are assembled by a multitude of process steps comprising liquid spin-coated photoresists and rigid substrate materials. Polymer microcantilevers presented in this work rely instead on commercially available dry film photoresists and allowed an omittance of multiple fabrication steps. Thin, 5 μm thick dry film photoresists are thermally laminated onto prepatterned silicon substrates that contain AFM compatible probe bodies. Partially suspended dry film resists are formed between these probe bodies, which are patterned to yield microcantilevers using conventional photolithography protocols. A limited amount of thermal cycling is required, and sacrificial probe-release layers are omitted as microcantilevers form directly through resist development. Even 1 mm long polymeric cantilevers were fabricated this way with superior in-plane alignment. The general effects of post-exposure bake (PEB) and hardbake protocols on cantilever deflection are discussed. Generally, higher PEB temperatures limit out-of-plane cantilever bending. Hardbake improved vertical alignment only of high-PEB temperature cantilevers, while surprisingly worsening the alignment of low-PEB temperature cantilevers. The mechanism behind the latter is likely explained by complex interactions between the resist and the substrate related to differences in thermal expansion, heat conduction, as well as resist cross-linking gradients. We present furthermore multilayer structures of dry film resists, specifically cylindrical dry film resist pillars on the polymer cantilever, as well as the integration of metal structures onto the polymer cantilever, which should enable in future integrated piezoresistive deflection readout for various sensing applications. Finally, cantilever spring constants were determined by measuring force–displacement curves with an advanced cantilever calibration device, allowing also the determination of both, dry film resist cantilever density and Young’s modulus.
Accumulation of polyphenols and flavonoids in Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt stressed by heavy metals (zinc, lead and cadmium)

Pollution of the environment and soils by heavy metals is one of the major problems of our time. Our study was to determine the effect of five doses for : zinc, lead and cadmium (0, 2500, 5000, 7500, and 10000 ppm) applied to the Atriplex canescens after 60 days for two weeks. The results showed an increase in the total polyphenols and flavonoids, depending on the increasing concentration of heavy metals at the leaf and root levels. The leaves have total polyphenols and flavonoids higher than those of the roots. The highest levels of total polyphenols and flavonoids in the leaves (3.47 mg EAG/ gdry weight of total polyphenols and 3.70 mg EQ/g dry weight of flavonoids) were obtained at a dose of 10000 ppm (cadmium, lead) respectively. On the other hand, the highest levels of total polyphenols and flavonoids in the roots were obtained at the metallic dose of 10000 ppm for cadmium (3.38 mg EAG/ gdry weight of total polyphenols and 0.61 mg EQ/g dry weight of flavonoids). These results also underlined the important role of secondary metabolites (total polyphenols and flavonoids) in the defense against oxidative stress caused by metallic stress.
‘Good American citizens’: a text-as-data analysis of citizenship manuals for immigrants, 1921–1996

ABSTRACT What does it mean to be a ‘good American’? Immigrants to the United States have obtained civic knowledge in a variety of ways, including federal textbooks and independent learning, and in different contexts over time, from employer-organised classes to handbooks written by civil society groups. This paper analyses citizenship manuals from one such group – the Daughters of the American Revolution (‘D.A.R.’) – to trace continuities and changes in definitions of American citizenship over the twentieth century. This paper is the first to make use of these manual archives, which contain over 30 different citizenship manuals, printed between 1921 and 1996. To compare and analyse the corpus of manuals, the paper employs both computer-assisted content analysis through topic modelling and textual interpretation. This approach provides rich descriptive evidence of how American citizenship norms change over a century, the influence of scarcity and war on that identity, as well as the changing role for organisations like the D.A. R. in the civic education of immigrants.
Developing, Analyzing and Sharing Multivariate Datasets: Individual Differences in L2 Learning Revisited

Abstract Following the trends established in psychology and emerging in L2 research, we explain our support for an Open Science approach in this paper (i.e., developing, analyzing and sharing datasets) as a way to answer controversial and complex questions in applied linguistics. We illustrate this with a focus on a frequently debated question, what underlies individual differences in the dynamic system of post-pubertal L2 speech learning? We provide a detailed description of our dataset which consists of spontaneous speech samples, elicited from 110 late L2 speakers in the UK with diverse linguistic, experiential and sociopsychological backgrounds, rated by ten L1 English listeners for comprehensibility and nativelikeness. We explain how we examined the source of individual differences by linking different levels of L2 speech performance to a range of learner-extrinsic and intrinsic variables related to first language backgrounds, age, experience, motivation, awareness, and attitudes using a series of factor and Bayesian mixed-effects ordinal regression analyses. We conclude with a range of suggestions for the fields of applied linguistics and SLA, including the use of Bayesian methods in analyzing multivariate, multifactorial data of this kind, and advocating for publicly available datasets. In keeping with recommendations for increasing openness of the field, we invite readers to rethink and redo our analyses and interpretations from multiple angles by making our dataset and coding publicly available as part of our 40th anniversary ARAL article.
Relationship of Career Success and Organizational Performance Through the Path of Business Strategy

Aim of this research was to find out the mediation of career success between the relationship of Business Strategy along with its four dimensions (Business Strategy prospectors, Business Strategy defenders, Business Strategy analyzers and Business Strategy reactors) and organizational performance. This research was conducted in the banking sector of Lahore, Pakistan. Data were collected through structured questionnaires by simple random sampling technique. Total 385 questionnaires were administrated to respondents; 334 were returned, 31 were discarded and 303 were used for analysis. Findings showed significant impacts of Business Strategy on career success and organizational performance and for impact of these two kinds (Business Strategy Prospectors and Business Strategy Defenders) on organizational performance. The impact of two other factors (Business Strategy Analyzers and Business Strategy Reactors) on organizational performance was insignificant. Career success has positive significant effect on organizational performance. Career success partially mediates with Business Strategy (with its two kinds Business Strategy Prospector and Business Strategy Defender) with organizational performance. Business Strategy Analyzers and Business Strategy Reactors were rejected as mediators. Because of time constraint, data were not collected from more banks. This research adds to the body of literature by considering the mediation effect of career success between the relationship of Business Strategy as a whole and with dimensions of organizational performance, also by empirical checking of the relationship between career success and Business Strategy.
Search, Action, and Share: The Online Behaviour Relating to Mobile Instant Messaging App in the Tourism Context

This study aims to assess the AISAS (attention – interest – search – action – share) model in a tourism setting. AISAS is considered as the most comprehensive model to illustrate one’s behaviour relating to modern media, particularly mobile instant messaging application. So far, the studies on AISAS in the tourism context are limited. Participants of this study were those who had a mobile instant messaging app, member of a chat group and had an experience holidaying after obtaining information from other group members and sharing their holidaying expertise in the same chat group. Data were collected by using an online instrument and attracted 408 participants consisting of 132 males and 276 females. This study found that the AISAS model can predict tourists’ behavioural relating to the use of mobile instant messengers as a medium for searching and sharing information. This study showed how tourists became a ‘cyborg’ when they attached to the internet of thing (IoT) in every stage of their behaviour relating to tourism activities.
Enhanced Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction over TiO2 Using Metalloporphyrin as the Cocatalyst

The photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) into CO and hydrocarbon fuels has been considered as an ideal green technology for solar-to-chemical energy conversion. The separation/transport of photoinduced charge carriers and adsorption/activation of CO2 molecules play crucial roles in photocatalytic activity. Herein, tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (H2TCPP) was incorporated with different metal atoms in the center of a conjugate macrocycle, forming the metalloporphyrins TCPP-M (M = Co, Ni, Cu). The as-obtained metalloporphyrin was loaded as a cocatalyst on commercial titania (P25) to form TCPP-M@P25 (M = Co, Ni, Cu) for enhanced CO2 photoreduction. Among all of the TCPP-M@P25 (M = Co, Ni, Cu), TCPP-Cu@P25 exhibited the highest evolution rates of CO (13.6 μmol·g−1·h−1) and CH4 (1.0 μmol·g−1·h−1), which were 35.8 times and 97.0 times those of bare P25, respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic activity could be attributed to the improved photogenerated electron-hole separation efficiency, as well as the increased adsorption/activation sites provided by the metal centers in TCPP-M (M = Co, Ni, Cu). Our study indicates that metalloporphyrin could be used as a high-efficiency cocatalyst to enhance CO2 photoreduction activity.
The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Financial Performance of Banks in Indonesia: The Role of Intellectual Capital and Bankruption Risk

Banking subsector is an institution that relies heavily on public trust, reputation and corporate image, so companies in the banking sub-sector are expected to be more likely to engage in CSR activities to maintain the companys sustainability. There are gaps related to the concept of CSR and it is quite controversial. This research aims to observe the direct impact of CSR towards financial performance, and indirect impact of CSR towards financial performance through intellectual capital and bankruption risk as mediating variables from banking subsector. This study is a quantitative form and the data is obtained from annual report of banking companies listed in IDX from 2011 to 2015. The results show positive impact of CSR towards financial performance and intellectual capital, and intellectual capital towards financial performance. This research also shows negative impact of intellectual capital and CSR towards bankruption risk, and bankruption risk towards financial performance. Finally, banking subsector companies need to increase the intensity of CSR activities and the development of intellectual capital should be a concern as a strategy to achieve competitive advantage in the face of increasingly tight business competition.
Betelvine (Piper betle L.): A potential source for oral care

Piper betle L. (betelvine) is a valuable crop that is widely used as masticatory and with a long past history of varied traditional uses. Betelvine possesses numerous phytochemicals with important pharmacological attributes. Active molecules such as Fluoride, Eugenol, Hydroxylchavicol, Chlorogenic acid etc. present in betelvine with potent antibacterial, antifungal as well as anti-carcinogenic properties signify tremendous prospective of the plant for the formulation of natural product based drugs for maintaining hygiene and cure of diseases in the oral cavity.
A Combined Weighting for the Feature-Based Method on Topological Parameters in Semantic Taxonomy Using Social Media

The textual analysis has become most important task due to the rapid increase of the number of texts that have been continuously generated in several forms such as posts and chats in social media, emails, articles, and news. The management of these texts requires efficient and effective methods, which can handle the linguistic issues that come from the complexity of natural languages. In recent years, the exploitation of semantic features from the lexical sources has been widely investigated by researchers to deal with the issues of “synonymy and ambiguity” in the tasks involved in the Social Media like document clustering. The main challenges of exploiting the lexical knowledge sources such as 1WordNet 3.1 in these tasks are how to integrate the various types of semantic relations for capturing additional semantic evidence, and how to settle the high dimensionality of current semantic representing approaches. In this paper, the proposed weighting of features for a new semantic feature-based method as which combined four things as which is “Synonymy, Hypernym, non-taxonomy, and Glosses”. Therefore, this research proposes a new knowledge-based semantic representation approach for text mining, which can handle the linguistic issues as well as the high dimensionality issue. Thus, the proposed approach consists of two main components: a feature-based method for incorporating the relations in the lexical sources, and a topic-based reduction method to overcome the high dimensionality issue. The proposed method approach will evaluated using WordNet 3.1 in the text clustering and text classification.
A new approach to identify similar users based on customer reviews

Recommender System suggests items of interest to users based on their preferences. These preferences are gauged through various sources such as purchase history, ratings, reviews and browsing behaviour. Collaborative filtering and content based filtering are the two widely used techniques that help in generating recommendations to the target user(s) by identifying similar users to target user or similar items to items of interest. Through this paper a new method to identify similar users based on the similarity of reviews has been proposed.
Superstrate Structured FTO/TiO2/In2S3/Cu2ZnSnS4 Solar Cells Fabricated by a Spray Method with Aqueous Solutions

Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide (C2ZTS4) solar cells have become a fascinating research topic due to several advantages of the C2ZTS4 absorber layer, such as having non-toxic and abundantly available components. Superstrate structured C2ZTS4 solar cells were fabricated on the top of a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate with a spray pyrolysis method from the window layer to the absorber layer. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and indium sulfide (In2S3) were used as the window and buffer layer, respectively. The source materials for the C2ZTS4 and buffer layers were all aqueous-based solutions. The metallic component ratio, Cu/(Zn + Sn), and the sulfur concentration in the solutions were systematically investigated. The optimum ratio of Cu/(Zn + Sn) in the film is about 0.785, while 0.18 M thiourea in the solution is the best condition for high performance. The C2ZTS4 layers deposited at lower temperatures (<360 °C) yielded a low quality resulting in low current density (JSC). On the other hand, the C2ZTS4 layers deposited at high temperature (~400 °C) showed a low fill factor (FF) without degradation of the open-circuit voltage (VOC) and JSC due to the junction degradation and high contact resistance between the absorber layer and metal contact. The best cell efficiency, VOC, JSC, and fill factor achieved were 3.34%, 383 mV, 24.6 mA/cm2, and 37.7%, respectively.
Development of a Noise Filtering Algorithm for Strain Signals Using the Fast Fourier Transform

: The purpose of this study is to filter the noise in strain signals based on the fast Fourier transform. The strain signals were measured at an automotive lower arm made from the SAE 1045 carbon steel driven on paving block and asphalt. This technique removed lower amplitude cycles as much as possible due to their contribution to the minimum fatigue damage and simultaneous maintenance of cumulative fatigue damage. The filtering algorithm was able to remove up to 36.2% of the lower amplitude cycles and maintain more than 90% of the fatigue damage. This proved that the algorithm developed was successfully identified and eliminated low amplitude cycles.
Detecting and Monitoring the Formation of Biological Nanoassemblies with Resistive-Pulse Sensing.

This thesis describes innovative applications for resistive-pulse sensing with submicrometer pores and discusses the noise and bandwidth characteristics of the experimental setup. In the initial study, resistive-pulse sensing was used to monitor the formation of antibody-antigen complexes (immune complexes or biological nanoassemblies). The developed technique was rapid (detection in ≤ 15 minutes), label-free, could be performed in small volumes (≤ 40 μL), and required no immobilization of the antibody or antigen. This assay was able to detect purified antigens at concentrations as low as 30 nM, and to detect antigens in complex media such as serum. It also enabled the characterization of the time course of immune complex formation and growth with a precision that made it possible to detect single complexes. In the second study, resistive-pulse sensing was used to characterize and quantify antibody-virus interactions. These experiments demonstrated that resistive-pulse sensing can be used to detect a specific virus or a virus-specific antibody in solution, probe the ability of an antibody to immunoprecipitate the virus, determine the average number of antibodies bound to virus particles, and monitor the time course of the assembly of antibodies onto viruses in situ. The third study developed theory for extracting thermodynamic parameters of antibody-antigen interactions from resistive-pulse data. A model system presented in the literature, antibodies binding to spherical nanoparticles that expose antigens, was used to validate the theory; the calculated solid phase affinity constant of the antibody (2.6x10^8 ± 0.8x10^8 M^-1) was in agreement with the specifications of the supplier of the antibody. The fourth and final study examined in detail the theoretical and experimental noise and bandwidth of current recordings from resistive-pulse sensing experiments. The theory presented in this study combined with its experimental validation enables the development of resistive-pulse sensing systems optimized for low-noise (high sensitivity) and high-bandwidth (high accuracy). The experiments presented here demonstrate that resistive-pulse sensing is a simple, yet powerful technique for examining the formation of biological nanoassemblies. Based on these findings, resistive-pulse sensing holds great promise as a tool for nanotechnology and for use in portable or high-throughput assays.
A Novel Image Encryption Approach Using Polar Decomposition and Orthogonal Matrices

Information security is one of the important issues in the information age, image encryption algorithms have been increasingly studied to guarantee the secure image transmission over the internet and through wireless networks. In this article, we propose a new approach for image encryption based on polar decomposition and orthogonal matrices. This scheme offers good confusion and diffusion qualities. The proposed algorithm is shown to be secure against important cryptanalytic attacks (statistical attacks, sensitivity dependence, differential attacks, brute force attacks.), theoretical analysis and computer simulations both confirm that it has a high security level.
Understanding Sub and Supercritical Cryogenic Fluid Dynamics in Conditions Relevant to Novel Ultra Low Emission Engines

In this paper we provide insight into the thermophysical properties and the dynamics of cryogenic jets. The motivation of the work is to optimise the use of cryogenic fluids in novel ultra low emission engines. For demonstration, we use conditions relevant to an internal combustion engine currently being developed by Dolphin N2 and the University of Brighton, the CryoPower recuperated split cycle engine (RSCE). The principle of this engine is a split-cycle combustion concept which can use cryogenic injection in the compression cylinder to achieve isothermal compression and thus help maximise the efficiency of the engine. Combined experimental and numerical findings are presented and the effects of atomisation dynamics of the LN 2 are explored at both sub- and supercritical conditions in order to cover different pressure and temperature conditions representative of the engine compression cycle. For subcritical regimes, we observe that the appearance of the jet coincides with the predicted atomisation regimes based on the Weber, Ohnesorge and Reynolds numbers for other common fluids. For the modelling of supercritical jets, a new methodology within OpenFoam which accounts for Real Fluid Thermodynamics has been developed and the jet behaviour under various pressure and temperature conditions has been investigated. To our knowledge this is the first study where a cryogenic spray process evolution is examined for conditions relevant to the ones prevailing in a compression chamber accounting for both sub and supercritical conditions.
Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis Combined With Multivariate Statistics Reveal Distinct Metabolic Changes in GPR40 Agonist-Treated Animals Related to Bile Acid Metabolism

Metabolomics has been increasingly applied to biomarker discovery, as untargeted metabolic profiling represents a powerful exploratory tool for identifying causal links between biomarkers and disease phenotypes. In the present work, we used untargeted metabolomics to investigate plasma specimens of rats, dogs, and mice treated with small-molecule drugs designed for improved glycemic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients via activation of GPR40. The in vivo pharmacology of GPR40 is not yet fully understood. Compounds targeting this receptor have been found to induce drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Metabolomic analysis facilitating an integrated UPLC-TWIMS-HRMS platform was used to detect metabolic differences between treated and non-treated animals within two 4-week toxicity studies in rat and dog, and one 2-week toxicity study in mouse. Multivariate statistics of untargeted metabolomics data subsequently revealed the presence of several significantly upregulated endogenous compounds in the treated animals whose plasma level is known to be affected during DILI. A specific bile acid metabolite useful as endogenous probe for drug–drug interaction studies was identified (chenodeoxycholic acid-24 glucuronide), as well as a metabolic precursor indicative of acidic bile acid biosynthesis (7α-hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoic acid). These results correlate with typical liver toxicity parameters on the individual level.