Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Achievable diversity-multiplexing-delay tradeoff for ARQ cooperative broadcast channels

Cooperative broadcast aims to deliver common messages to all receiver nodes in the wireless network by utilizing cooperation between them. This can have many important applications like broadcasting control messages and cellular phone- based teleconference/games among a group of people. In this work, we investigate the cooperative broadcast from the diversity-multiplexing-delay (D-M-D) tradeoff point of view, which has become a popular tool in analyzing MIMO and cooperative protocols. The major contribution is that we derive the optimal D-M-D tradeoff curves for arbitrary number of receive nodes and arbitrary maximum number of automatic retransmission request (ARQ) rounds. Interestingly, it is shown that the achievable diversity gain is always restricted by two special situations. We compare our results with previous results on the achievable diversity-multiplexing (D-M) tradeoff of cooperative broadcast channels where no feedback is taken into consideration to show the significant diversity benefit of ARQ transmission.
Different secretory repertoires control the biomineralization processes of prism and nacre deposition of the pearl oyster shell

Mollusca evolutionary success can be attributed partly to their efficiency to sustain and protect their soft body with an external biomineralized structure, the shell. Current knowledge of the protein set responsible for the formation of the shell microstructural polymorphism and unique properties remains largely patchy. In Pinctada margaritifera and Pinctada maxima, we identified 80 shell matrix proteins, among which 66 are entirely unique. This is the only description of the whole “biomineralization toolkit” of the matrices that, at least in part, is thought to regulate the formation of the prismatic and nacreous shell layers in the pearl oysters. We unambiguously demonstrate that prisms and nacre are assembled from very different protein repertoires. This suggests that these layers do not derive from each other.
Construction of unnatural heterodimeric receptors based on IL‐2 and IL‐6 receptor subunits

Cells have various receptors on their surface for responding to extracellular signals that involve intercellular communication. Although the mechanism of signal transduction by such wild‐type receptors has been studied intensively, there has been minimal effort in investigating whether such receptors could signal when unnaturally coupled. In this study, we investigated whether unnatural receptor pairs comprising interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) receptor subunits could transduce a signal through forced dimerization. We replaced the extracellular domain of IL‐2R and IL‐6R signaling subunits (IL‐2Rβ, IL‐2Rγ, and gp130) with the FK506‐binding protein (FKBP) or the FKBP12‐rapamycin binding (FRB) domain, the protein pair known to be heterodimerized by rapamycin. When expressed in a hematopoietic cell line, unnatural heterodimers (IL‐2Rβ‐gp130 and IL‐2Rγ‐gp130 pairs) successfully transduced a signal. While the IL‐2Rγ‐gp130 pair maximally mimicked gp130 signaling, the IL‐2Rβ‐gp130 pair gave weaker gp130 signaling and no significant induction of IL‐2Rβ signaling, indicating a high potential of the IL‐2Rγ chain in terms of activating the coupled partners. This is the first report demonstrating that heterodimeric combinations of IL‐2R and IL‐6R subunits are functional for signaling. Further extension of this approach may attain a creative design of artificial receptor pairs that have distinct signaling properties when compared with natural receptors. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 29:1512–1518, 2013
MATH 159 NOTES: DISCRETE PROBABILISTIC METHODS

1. Ramsey Theory and Tournament Graphs: 1/6/14 1 2. Expectation and Variance: 1/8/14 3 3. More Uses of Variance: 1/10/14 5 4. Alterations: 1/13/14 7 5. The Lovász Local Lemma I: 1/15/14 8 6. The Lovász Local Lemma II: 1/17/14 10 7. Poisson Approximation: Jensen’s Inequality: 1/22/14 11 8. Poisson Approximation to the Binomial: 1/24/14 13 9. The Chen-Stein Method: 1/27/14 14 10. The Probabilistic and Coupling Methods: 1/29/14 16 11. More on the Coupling Method: 1/31/14 18 12. Large Deviations: 2/3/14 20 13. The Azuma-Hoeffding Bound: 2/5/14 22 14. Concentration Inequalities: 2/7/14 24 15. Talagrand’s Inequality: 2/10/14 26 16. Correlation Inequalities: 2/12/14 28 17. Proof of the Four-Function Theorem: 2/14/14 29 18. The Behavior of G(n, p)With Respect to Component Sizes: 2/19/14 30 19. Branching Processes: 2/21/14 32 References 33
Proportional derivative based stabilizing control of paralleled grid converters with cables in renwable power plants

Resonant interactions of grid-connected converters with each other and with cable capacitance are challenging the stability and power quality of renewable energy sources based power plants. This paper addresses the instability of current control of converters with the multiple resonance frequencies consisting in LCL filters and cables. Both grid and converter current controls are analyzed. The frequency region, within which the system may be destabilized, is identified by means of the impedance-based stability analysis and frequency-domain passivity theory. A proportional derivative control strategy is then proposed to stabilize the system. Simulation case studies on four paralleled grid converters and experimental tests for two paralleled grid converters are carried out to validate the performance of the proposed control.
Performance analysis of WiMAX-based wireless mesh networks using an M/D/1 queuing model

Wireless mesh networking is an effective approach to reaching high performance in the last-mile of broadband internet access. The mesh structure is the basic step towards providing cost-effective, dynamic, and high-bandwidth wireless connection. In this paper, WiMAX-like wireless mesh network is considered, with an emphasis on the grid arrangement which is the general topology described in the literature. To evaluate the performance of the conventional and proposed scheduling algorithms, each link is modelled using an M/D/1 queue, and a Virtual Node concept is introduced to describe comparable performance metrics for the system. Performance measures of the system in addition to the simulation results are assessed in terms of the network length and the arrival rates.
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. I. General properties.

Abstract An improved method is described for the preparation of crystalline dihydroorotate dehydrogenase which is electrophoretically homogeneous. The enzyme exhibits an s20,w value of 7.45 S at infinite dilution, and its molecular weight is 115,000 ± 7,000. It contains 2 moles of FAD, 2 moles of FMN, 4 g atoms of iron, and 4 moles of acid-labile sulfide per mole of enzyme. Apparent Km values were determined for DPNH, orotate, and dihydroorotate. Orotate and oxidized enzyme yield a complex characterized by its absorption spectrum. Thermodynamic parameters for the dissociation of this complex are presented. Substrate specificity was studied with a series of pyrimidine derivatives. The ring hydroxyl and carboxyl substituents are essential for binding and oxidation of reduced enzyme. Halogen substitution at Position 5 increases both Km and Vmax. Reduction of the enzyme by reducing substrates is evidenced by bleaching at 450 mµ and the appearance of long wave length absorption. Reduction by DPNH proceeds rapidly; reduction by dihydroorotate is slow and proceeds to about one-half the extent found with DPNH. However, reduction of the enzyme by dihydroorotate in the presence of DPN is as complete, and perhaps as rapid, as that by DPNH. A large Cotton effect, observed in the visible region of the spectrum, was markedly altered by dithionite or reducing substrate and was shifted to lower wave lengths by 3.5 m urea. A flavin-free iron-protein was obtained which exhibited an absorption spectrum similar to that of iron-proteins from other iron-flavoproteins and to that of spinach ferredoxin. Three techniques were used to demonstrate the formation of an oxygen free radical when enzyme, reduced by substrate, is reoxidized by oxygen. Treatment with cysteine is required for reactions involving orotate or dihydroorotate, but not for DPNH oxidase activity. Similarly, treatment with mercuribenzoate destroyed orotate reductase and dihydroorotate oxidase activity while inhibiting DPNH oxidase activity only slightly. A tentative scheme for the internal electron transport system of this enzyme is presented.
Transcriptome‐wide Identification of RNA‐binding Protein Binding Sites Using Photoactivatable‐Ribonucleoside‐Enhanced Crosslinking Immunoprecipitation (PAR‐CLIP)

RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) mediate important co‐ and post‐transcriptional gene regulation by binding pre‐mRNA in a sequence‐ and/or structure‐specific manner. For a comprehensive understanding of RBP function, transcriptome‐wide mapping of the RNA‐binding sites is essential, and CLIP‐seq methods have been developed to elucidate protein/RNA interactions at high resolution. CLIP‐seq combines protein/RNA UV‐crosslinking with immunoprecipitation (CLIP) followed by high‐throughput sequencing of crosslinked RNA fragments. To overcome the limitations of low RNA‐protein crosslinking efficiency in standard CLIP‐seq, photoactivatable‐ribonucleoside‐enhanced CLIP (PAR‐CLIP) has been developed. Here, living cells or whole organisms are fed photo‐activatable nucleoside analogs that are incorporated into nascent RNA transcripts before UV treatment. This allows greater crosslinking efficiency at comparable radiation doses for enhanced RNA recovery and separation of crosslinked target RNA fragments from background RNA degradation products. Moreover, it facilitates the generation of specific UV‐induced mutations that mark the crosslinking nucleotide and allow transcriptome‐wide identification of RBP binding sites at single‐nucleotide resolution. © by 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Basic Study on Grasping of Soft Object by Finite Element Method Considering Gravity

We proposed a method that enables to deform a softobject using a linear Finite Element Method (FEM)in real-time. In the proposed technique, since the cal-culation amount is reduced to On (n: number ofnodes), grasping is enabled in virtual space. In this pa-per, we studied grasping of a soft object taking gravityinto consideration. Some simulations using a stiffnessequation containing gravity demonstrated the validityof our proposal.Keywords: virtual reality, haptic display, soft object,FEM, grasping
Description of shape patterns using circular arcs for object detection

The authors propose a novel object detection algorithm based on shape matching using a single sketch of an object. The proposed algorithm uses circular arc segments to describe image edges; this approach is advantageous for shape description, shape expression and reconstruction. Circular arcs are initially segmented from the image contour using the split-and-merge method, and they are extended, being partially overlapped with neighbouring circular arcs. The extracted circular arcs of the object sketch constitute an attributed relational graph as a structured object model. Circular arcs in the test image are refined by the bottom-up process of circular arc extension, and matched with circular arcs in the object model by the top-down process of end-point adjustment. The authors design end-point-based shape descriptors to encode local shape information. Hough voting aggregates the detection of circular arcs to localise the object. Probabilistic relaxation verifies the detection candidates and delineate the object boundaries. The proposed object detection system benefits from reliable extraction of contour segments, efficient and discriminative shape encoding, and flexible and robust shape matching. It exhibits competitive object detection performance in experiments using real images.
Towards executable business processes with the problem oriented engineering process algebra

The paper introduces a process algebra for business process models. The algebra is located within Problem Oriented Engineering, a framework for engineering design, and is based on a process pattern defined by Hall and Rapanotti by which Problem Oriented Engineering developments should be structured. The pattern is a generator for processes being composable in three ways: in sequence, in parallel and fractally. In explicating this process algebra, a machine readable and animatable CSP is used, which forms a semantic basis for the behaviour modelling of processes. The benefits of this algebra are: simplicity, support for business process analysis and synthesis, and explicit recognition of choices (and their impact) made by agents.
Emergency dorsal slit for balanitis with retention.

The two JRSM articles on foreskin disorders and their management1,2 prompt us to report the following case. A boy aged was seen after 48 hours of penile pain and retention of urine. In the past a non-retractile foreskin had been noted but there had been no previous episodes of balanitis. On examination, there was ballooning and erythema of the foreskin over the glans penis. After intravenous antibiotics, examination under anaesthesia revealed frank pus within the foreskin (which later yielded a growth of Escherichia coli). The phimotic foreskin was retracted, a dorsal slit was performed, and the bladder was emptied via a 6F paediatric feeding tube (Figure 1). The child left hospital next day with a prescription for a week of oral antibiotics. At outpatient review the wound had healed; the parents then opted for circumcision. Figure 1 Postoperative appearance Acute urinary retention secondary to balanitis-phimosis has not, to our knowledge, been described previously. We have found one report of chronic retention (with bilateral hydroureteronephrosis and vesicoureteral reflux) from this cause, with nocturnal enuresis as the presenting symptom.3 For management we favour the dorsal slit4 since it relieves the acute urinary obstruction, facilitates the drainage of pus and preserves the foreskin. Furthermore, emergency circumcision is technically difficult because of the gross oedema and it carries a greater risk of postoperative infection.
Physical Therapy Residency and Fellowship Education: Reflections on the Past, Present, and Future

The physical therapy profession continues to respond to the complex and changing landscape of health care to meet the needs of patients and the demands of patient care. Consistent with this evolution is the rapid development and expansion of residency and fellowship postprofessional programs. With the interested number of applicants exceeding the number of residency and fellowship slots available, a “critical period” in the educational process is emerging. The purposes of this perspective article are: (1) to analyze the state of residency and fellowship education within the profession, (2) to identify best practice elements from other health professions that are applicable to physical therapy residency and fellowship education, and (3) to propose a working framework grounded in common domains of competence to be used as a platform for dialogue, consistency, and quality across all residency and fellowship programs. Seven domains of competence are proposed to theoretically ground residency and fellowship programs and facilitate a more consistent approach to curricular development and assessment. Although the recent proliferation of residency and fellowship programs attempts to meet the demand of physical therapists seeking advanced educational opportunities, it is imperative that these programs are consistently delivering high-quality education with a common focus on delivering health care in the context of societal needs.
Quantitative studies on the binding of antibody to the surface of HeLa cells.

The binding of horse antibody to viable HeLa cells was studied using mixed immune and normal sera labeled with different iodine radioisotopes, a technique which permits precise correction for nonspecific adsorption. The association constant of the reaction, the maximum antibody-binding capacity of the cells, and the antibody content of the immune serum were determined using two types of titration: a constant concentration of cells titrated with immune serum, and a constant concentration of immune serum titrated with cells. The titration data conformed closely to linear equations derived from the mass action law. When applied to antigenantibody reactions which are heterogeneous with respect to binding affinity, these equations have two advantageous properties: 1) the plots remain linear to within a known degree of error which can be made small, and 2) the Ka value obtained from the slope and ordinate intercept of the linear plots represents the weighted mean of the Ka values of each affinity subspecies in the antibody population.
Disposable device for the isolation of DNA from agarose gels.

A problem that arises when cloning DNA is the isolation of specific DNA molecules following restriction enzyme digestion or PCR amplification. Typically, a mixture of DNA fragments is electrophoretically separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, the gel is stained with ethidium bromide, and the DNA is visualized by UV transillumination. The DNA fragments of interest are excised from the gel using a scalpel, and the DNA is subsequently extracted from the gel slice. A drawback of this procedure is that it takes significant amounts of time to identify the DNA band of interest and make the necessary scalpel cuts to free the gel slice. The procedure must be performed quickly because UV light exposure damages DNA. To circumvent these inherent problems and simplify this process, we have developed a simple, disposable device made from common laboratory materials that permits the rapid isolation of DNA from agarose gels and does not require the use of a scalpel or ethidium bromide, which is a carcinogen. We simply cut a 1-mL blue pipet tip in half and discard the lower portion. The upper portion of the cut tip is held, and the lower portion is used as a coring device to isolate the gel slice containing the DNA fragment of interest. Because the gel slice adheres to the lumen of the blue pipet tip, it can be directly transferred to a sterile 1.5-mL microcentrifuge tube (Figure 1). A yellow 200μL pipet tip is then used as a plunger to dislodge the gel slice and transfer it to the microcentrifuge tube. The device can be modified to accommodate the particular lane size by simply cutting the blue pipet tip higher or lower. If multiple bands of the same DNA molecule need to be isolated, we repeatedly use the same blue pipet tip and allow the isolated gel slices to stack up. To isolate DNA from the gel slice, we use a modified version of the procedure of Heyd et al. (1), in which silicon dioxide (Catalog No. S5631; Sigma Chemical, St. Louis, MO, USA) is substituted for the pumice. The silicon dioxide has a high DNA-binding capacity, it is inexpensive, and DNA is efficiently eluted from this matrix. In conclusion, we find the described gel excision device to be a simple, safe, inexpensive alternative to commercial gel elution devices or the use of a scalpel for the routine isolation of DNA from agarose gel. REFERENCE
An adaptive hysteresis sliding mode control method for double-switch buck-boost converter

This paper proposes an adaptive hysteresis sliding mode control method for double-switch buck-boost converter. First a hysteresis sliding mode current controller is applied to the converter such that the converter has a limited switching frequency; and second, adaptive control is adopted in order to enable the converter to work at a fixed switching frequency. The change of the switching frequency is eliminated by adaptive feedforward control and adaptive feedback control, respectively. As a result, the proposed control method provides excellent dynamic behavior for large signal, and simulation results clearly show that the converter has strong robustness and stability for large input voltage and load variations.
VEGF is crucial for the hepatic vascular development required for lipoprotein uptake

Hepatic lipid catabolism begins with the transport of lipoprotein remnants from the sinusoidal vasculature into hepatocytes by endocytosis via microvilli. To test the hypothesis that fenestrated sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) are crucial for this process, we selectively disrupted SECs by downregulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling, using hepatocyte-specific, tetracycline-regulatable expression of a VEGF receptor that can sequester VEGF but cannot relay its signal. Newborn mutant livers appeared grossly normal, but displayed a dark-red color that was distinguishable from normal physiological lipid-rich pink livers. Mutant sinusoidal networks were reduced and their SECs lacked fenestrae. Hepatocellular lipid levels were profoundly reduced, as determined by Oil Red O staining and transmission electron microscopy, and fewer hepatocytic microvilli were evident, indicating impaired lipoprotein endocytosis. Levels of apolipoprotein (APO) E bound to mutant sinusoidal networks were significantly reduced, and fluorescently-labeled murine remnant lipoproteins injected into the blood stream failed to accumulate in the space of Disse and diffuse into hepatocytes, providing evidence that reduced hepatocellular lipid levels in mutant livers are due to impaired lipoprotein uptake. Temporal downregulation of VEGF signaling revealed that it is crucial at all developmental stages of hepatic vascular morphogenesis, and repression of the dominant-negative effect can rescue the phenotype. These findings provide the first genetic evidence that VEGF dynamically regulates SEC fenestration during liver organogenesis, a process that is required for lipoprotein uptake by the liver.
Iterative Algorithms Based on Decoupling of Deblurring and Denoising for Image Restoration

In this paper, we propose iterative algorithms for solving image restoration problems. The iterative algorithms are based on decoupling of deblurring and denoising steps in the restoration process. In the deblurring step, an efficient deblurring method using fast transforms can be employed. In the denoising step, effective methods such as the wavelet shrinkage denoising method or the total variation denoising method can be used. The main advantage of this proposal is that the resulting algorithms can be very efficient and can produce better restored images in visual quality and signal-to-noise ratio than those by the restoration methods using the combination of a data-fitting term and a regularization term. The convergence of the proposed algorithms is shown in the paper. Numerical examples are also given to demonstrate the effectiveness of these algorithms.
Evaluation of Assistive Devices after a Course in Joint Protection

Abstract This study assessed a joint protection education program and investigated the costs and effects of assistive devices. Fifty-three women with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, whose ages ranged from 29 to 65 years, attended a standardized joint protection course (13 hours). A self-report questionnaire was constructed listing the most common devices, and the subjects were asked to check which devices they had received, which ones they used and did not use, and why. Pain during activities of daily living and when using assistive devices was measured using the visual analogue scale. Results show that the subjects reported great benefits from the joint protection course, assistive devices, and wrist orthosis. The women had tried 663 devices, 91 % of which were still being used. Pain decreased significantly (p < .001) when using assistive devices. The utility of 11 devices at a cost of SEK 1,683 per person can be described as increased capacity and ability to work at home, work outside the home, and perform leisure activities with less pain.