Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-objective order-planning model and algorithm for integrated steel production

In order to realize the maximal hot charge-ratio and other optimal objectives,an optimal multi-objective order-planning model is formulated for the integrated steelmaking-continuous casting-hot rolling(SM-CC-HR)production process in a steel plant,where the steelmaking and the hot-rolling are regarded as the key steps.The objectives are the maximum of the hot charge-ratio,the minimum of the earliness/delayed delivery-time and the minimum of the slabs which are surplus to the requirements for hot rolling.The main constraints,including steelmaking and hot-rolling production capacities,the low limit of staple materials output,steel grade,slab and product dimension,are all taken into consideration in the model.The NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm)is improved by mutating the superposition individuals in the objective space and adding some new individuals on every generation so that the population diversity is improved significantly.Computation results of different order-planning problems indicate that the proposed mathematical model and the improvement on NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm are efficient.
Employment Opportunities and Women's Revenue in Agricultural Modernization

The paradigm of modernization of agricultural development implementation based on the concept of efficiency has resulted in considerable changes in the farming community, particularly in the economic structure of the village. It also causes signs of disintegration in the division of labor of female farm laborers in agriculture, which threatens to destroy women's production function. This research aims to present diverse (theoretical) opinions regarding the role and opportunity of women farmers and determine the influence of agricultural modernization on job opportunities and earnings of female farmworkers in the farming sector. The research approach used in this study is descriptive qualitative with a case study format. Purposive sampling was used to select informants. At the same time, data collection approaches such as observation and in-depth interviews were used. The findings revealed that agricultural modernization harmed local wisdom. Also impacted job opportunities, and the salary of female farm laborers has decreased. This issue is evident when female farm laborers are now performed by technology and men who work as agricultural machine operators. The decrease in employment opportunities for female farm laborers affects their income as well. Women farm laborers are no longer paid the same as they were before agricultural modernization. Transforming the economic system from a production-oriented to a commercial-oriented one results from the subsystem's production orientation. Because of the fading of a women farm laborer, the sharpening of social stratification, and social polarization, the process of changing social structures marginalizes women farmers.
Has COVID-19 Induced Labor Market Mismatch? Evidence from the US and the UK, WP/22/5, January 2022

This paper studies whether labor market mismatch played an important role for labor market dynamics during the COVID-19 pandemic. We apply the framework of Şahin et al. (2014) to the US and the UK to measure misallocation between job seekers and vacancies across sectors until the third quarter of 2021. We find that mismatch rose sharply at the onset of the pandemic but returned to previous levels within a few quarters. Consequently, the total loss in employment caused by the rise in mismatch was smaller during the COVID-19 pandemic than during the Global Financial Crisis. The results are robust to considering alternative definitions of job seekers and to using a measure of effective job seekers in each sector. Preliminary evidence suggests that increased inactivity among older workers, the so called She-cession (particularly in the US) and shifting worker preferences amid strong labor demand are more prominent explanations for the persistent employment shortfall vis-à-vis pre-COVID levels. JEL Classification Numbers: E24, J08, J22, J23, J24, J63
Combining Objective Measures of Playlist Quality to Evaluate Automatically Generated Playlists

As digital music consumption increases, so does the importance of well-performing music recommender systems. A particular area of this, Automatic Playlist Generation, uses collections of songs known as playlists as a recommendation item. Music, generally, as a recommendation item is extremely subjective and user enjoyment depends on their music tastes, the feelings certain music evokes in them, and their mood. As a result, the success of music recommender systems is hard to evaluate. This is particularly true for playlist generation, as the content a user will want the playlist to include is entirely dependent on their purpose in creating it. Current evaluation techniques are either human based but very limited, or use rigid information retrieval metrics to evaluate approaches to playlist generation based on pre-existing datasets. This project proposes a new evaluation metric that aims to optimise playlist quality based on user preference, bridging the gap between human and machine evaluation. An overview of the field and its current evaluation techniques and metrics is given, and then the new metric is proposed and discussed. The metric achieves promising results on a small user study, and indicates the metric is a good starting point for further work in the creation of a playlist quality measure.
Establishment of Digital Design System of Power Transmission & Transformation Project for Power Grid Construction and Development

Based on an in-depth analysis of the digital design needs of power grid enterprises and power design enterprises, a digital design technological system was established for promoting the development of digital design technology in China. Rules were formulated for guiding the direction of information construction of power design enterprises so as to realize sharing of design information in the whole life cycle of the power projects and to ensure the certainty, integrity and uniqueness of information. The digital design technology system can be used as platform to improve the labor productivity of design enterprises, ensure the design quality of the finished products, and promote the coordinated development of power transmission transformation design, power grid construction and management for achieving a win-win situation.
A Novel Data Visualization Model Based on Autoencoder Using Big Data Analysis and Distributed Processing Technology

From the standpoint of visual elements, this article investigates the use of visual information technology in visual communication design. At this time, information visualization and data visualization are widely used to display visual form, which greatly facilitates people’s use, provides a solid application foundation for visual communication design, and promotes its development. The image presentation of data is a common encoding process, and the reading of image content is the corresponding decoding process from the perspective of encoding and decoding. The combined efficacy of data encoding and image decoding determines the effectiveness of data visualization. It is worth noting that when it comes to “encoding and decoding,” it has been established that the design mode of data visualization and visual communication is not a process of copying images but rather an external form of human thought. Then, there is the unmistakable presence of something unseen in the encoding and decoding processes. It also serves as the encoding and decoding key in the human brain. The image is as follows. From the standpoint of encoding and decoding, this article employs the data visualization self-encoder method to obtain visual data. Design pattern representation for perceptual communication can effectively support users’ rapid motion analysis during the browsing process.
Towards student study space usage monitoring using Wi-Fi data

Finding an empty study space at the University of Edinbugrh’s Main Library can be challenging at times, especially during busy periods such as exam seasons. Better information on the availability of study spaces can help students ﬁnd a space more quickly and easily, and help the Library’s management manage the available resources more effectively. When a device connects to a Wireless Access Point, an event is stored after personal information is removed. The data is simple - each event only includes its timestamp and the access point where it was recorded. Even though for this project data from the University of Edinburgh’s Main Library is used, the outcome of this project can be adapted and used elsewhere in the University, in other Libraries or in other settings such as museums or conference centres. The characteristics of the available data are explored and analysis is carried out to assess the possibility of the data revealing personal information, despite all personal identiﬁers and dates having been removed. A preprocessing pipeline is established, including noise removal, segmentation of the Wireless Access Point log into sessions and determining the primary device for each user. A model is constructed that can predict whether a user is settled at some area of the building at any given time. The classiﬁcation features are calculated within a window preceding the time for which the prediction is made. We propose a way to change the size of this window adaptively, depending on the volume of events. The model used is a Random Forest Classiﬁer, selected after several candidate models were compared and their hyperparameters were tuned using cross-validation. The results of the model are evaluated using a separate testing set in two ways. The ﬁrst, is on a number of manually labelled examples. The second is by using the output of the model to build a classiﬁer that can predict whether an access point is located at a study space or not, and then comparing against our knowledge of which access points are at study spaces.
Monitoring work on the study of the biodiversity of the flora of the reserves

Monitoring assessment of the state of conservation area is a relevant and important direction in ecology. However, not all parameters of the ecological balance are checked by state services. The wide scale of specially protected areas also makes it difficult to analyze them in detail by all indicators. Therefore, it is significant to conduct a comprehensive study of such sites locally, taking into account the diversity of environmental sustainability indicators. The paper analyzes the biological diversity of flora within one of the reserves of the Belgorod region, with an emphasis on the state of tree species. The morphological assessment of the discovered species and their ecological characteristics are given. The influence of the industrial zone of the adjacent territories on the vegetation of the reserve and the microbial equilibrium of the soil cover was evaluated. In general, the ecological state of the flora is assessed as good; the microbial composition corresponds to the typical for chernozem soils. At the same time, recommendations are given for further monitoring of biodiversity indicators in this area, in order to maintain the ecological balance, preserve the species composition of vegetation and the diversity of the soil microbial community.
Research of the shaft of the new light-load saw cylinder wall

In the article, the task of reducing the mass of the main working body of the gin, i.e. the cylinder shaft by means of the opening of the groove and the design features of the shaft is determined. Its essence is that the inner groove part of the gin saw cylinder shaft performs the circular side with symmetrical gears and the entry of external slits into the grooves in the corresponding inner slits of the shaft leads to a specific equilibrium of the mass relative to the axis of rotation and increases its strength and reliability in operation. This will increase resource efficiency and reliability by significantly reducing the mass of the shaft and saw cylinders without significantly reducing the bending stiffness, as well as obtaining cotton fiber with the required quality characteristics. The issues of creating and defining methods for calculating high-efficiency machine drives and shafts are especially important in the creation of machines for the ginning industry.
Tirilolo village community vulnerability and perceptions of the cement industry planning in Baucau District, Timor Leste

The cement industry investment in Baucau Regency is agreed to be the key to economic growth, creating new jobs, and reducing poverty. To support this investment in the cement industry sector, the government of Timor Leste issued Government Resolution no. 14/2016 regarding the Special Investment Agreement submitted by the Company TL Cement, Lda. Baucau Regency area has a good stretch of karst for the supply of the main raw material for cement production, thus chosen as an investment location. Tirilolo village as well as the surrounding community, where they plan to establish a limestone factory and mine is planned – will receive both benefits and risks from the investment planning. This study uses a mixed-method with a survey approach, interviews, and questionnaires, with socio-economic risk assessment at the local level in the cement industry investment plan sector. This study uses secondary data analysis and field observations. The data obtained will be analyzed descriptively and using a scoring technique on each indicator. Some of the research results obtained indicate a basic vulnerability, that the population density in Tirilolo Village is 52 people/ha, with female household heads 5%, people with disabilities 7%, vulnerable age population 26%. In the education sector, 68.75% of the population did not go to school, while only 17% graduated from elementary school, 5.2% graduated from junior high school, and 8.3% graduated from high school. The average community income is less than $100 per month. The results of structured interviews and focus group discussions show that even though factories and mines carry risks, people look forward to jobs that will emerge to make changes in their lives.
Observational evaluation of global climate model simulations of arctic sea ice and adjacent land pertaining to the radiative effects of frozen hydrometeors

This study explores the linkage of frozen hydrometeors (cloud ice and falling ice/snow) with sea ice and adjacent lands through surface energy budget using model-observation comparisons to quantify the roles of the falling ice radiative effects (FIREs) in determining the extent and thickness of Arctic sea ice and adjacent land surface radiation budget and land surface skin (Ts) and surface (SAT) temperatures. The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models without FIREs tend to produce underestimated downward longwave radiation, and overestimated shortwave downward radiation and surface albedo, resulting in too-cold skin temperature (TS) and surface air temperature (SAT) and overestimated sea ice concentration (SIC) and thickness (SIT). By comparing two simulations of late 20th Century climate from CESM1-CAM5 model with inclusion and exclusion of FIREs, it is found that TS, SAT, radiation, SIC, and SIT and their seasonal cycles are improved with the inclusion of FIREs. Exclusion of FIREs results in underestimated net downward longwave radiative flux, which is highly correlated with overestimated surface albedo, colder TS, and SAT with a confidence level at 99% (p < 1%). These biases in CESM1-CAM5 resemble those in CMIP5 models without FIREs. With the inclusion of FIREs, the SIC bias is reduced by 2%–15% in summer, while the SIT is improved up to 90% in winter despite little improvement in SIC. These findings suggest a potential link among the increased downward longwave flux, decreased downward shortwave flux, and decreased surface air and land surface temperatures locally, which then drives SIC melting and SIT thinning when FIREs are included relative to when FIREs are excluded. It is suggested that the roles played by FIREs over the Arctic regions are of the same order of importance as those over the Southern Oceans despite the differences in geography and impact of human activity.
Establishing an equivalent circuit for a quasihomogeneous discharge atmospheric-pressure plasma jet with a breakdown-voltage-controlled breaker and power supply circuit

To more accurately simulate the I–V diagram of a homogeneous and a filamentary plasma discharge with an equivalent circuit model, this study employed a breaker and passive circuit components and calculated the discharge parameters, such as equivalent discharge resistances and potential distribution, in an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ). In addition, we calculated the gas-gap and dielectric capacitances of the APPJ and added a power supply equivalent circuit. Compared with other circuit models that use switches or a time-controlled current source to simulate the discharges, our present circuit model uses a breakdown-voltage-controlled breaker for the homogeneous discharge and resistors with high-frequency switches for the filamentary discharge. We employed potential simulation to obtain the equivalent dielectric capacitance in the APPJ and then derived the gas-gap capacitance. We also replaced the ideal sine wave power supply with the equivalent circuit of the common double-peak waveform power supply. MATLAB Simulink was used to construct an equivalent circuit model and the discharge area ratio, breakdown voltage and filamentary equivalent resistance were obtained via I–V waveform fitting. We measured the plasma I–V waveform with a 20 kHz frequency, various voltages (6, 12 and 15 kV), a gas flow rate of 30 standard liter per minute (SLM) and two types of gas (Ar and He). The simulated and experimental I–V waveforms were very close under the different conditions. In summary, the proposed equivalent circuit model more meaningfully describes the plasma physics to simulate homogeneous and filamentary discharges, achieving results that are compatible with our experimental observations. The findings can help with investigating plasma discharge mechanisms and full-model simulations of plasma.
Inhibition effects of petroleum products on nitrogen and phosphorous removal

One of the main challenges in pet roleum-containing wastewater treatment in municipal wastewater treatment plants is their interference with the microbiological processes of nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The purpose of the study is to assess the effect of commercial petroleum products on the conversion of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds during the biological treatment of municipal wastewater in activated sludge systems. The presence of commercial petroleum products in wastewater was found to inhibit the process of conversion of NH4-N and the absorption of PO4-P in cells. The main inhibiting effect results from additives introduced into commercial petroleum products. Variations in the removal efficiencies of NH4-N and PO4-P are due to the variable distribution of commercial petroleum products in the mixed liquor of activated sludge. An increase in the degree of dispersion of commercial petroleum products, which results in an increase in the contact surface, increases the inhibitory effect on the activated sludge process. The toxic effect of gasoline is more pronounced in comparison with diesel fuel and hydraulic oil. During the first 30 minutes of incubation of samples with oil products, an increase in the concentration of PO4-P in the solution was observed due to the death of microorganisms from toxic effects, mainly from gasoline.
DiI staining of sensory neurons in the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema hermaphroditum

Steinernema hermaphroditum entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) and their Xenorhabdus griffiniae symbiotic bacteria have recently been shown to be a genetically tractable system for the study of both parasitic and mutualistic symbiosis. In their infective juvenile (IJ) stage, EPNs search for insect hosts to invade and quickly kill them with the help of the symbiotic bacteria they contain. The mechanisms behind these behaviors have not been well characterized, including how the nematodes sense their insect hosts. In the well-studied free‑living soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, ciliated amphid neurons enable the worms to sense their environment, including chemosensation. Some of these neurons have also been shown to control the decision to develop as a stress-resistant dauer larva, analogous to the infective juveniles of EPNs, or to exit from dauer and resume larval development. In C. elegans and other nematodes, dye-filling with DiI is an easy and efficient method to label these neurons. We developed a protocol for DiI staining of S. hermaphroditum sensory neurons. Using this method, we could identify neurons positionally analogous to the C. elegans amphid neurons ASI, ADL, ASK, ASJ, as well as inner labial neurons IL1 and IL2. Similar to findings in other EPNs, we also found that the IJs of S. hermaphroditum are dye-filling resistant.
A Conceptual Analysis of Equilibrium Bidding Strategy in a Combined Oligopoly and Oligopsony Wholesale Electricity Market

This paper proposes a semi-analytical method to obtain the equilibrium bidding strategies for generation and demand units in a combined oligopoly and oligopsony wholesale electricity market. Such market structure is the outcome of the increasing deployment of demand response programs that facilitate active participation of demand-side players in the price-setting process. In this analysis, the concept of supply function equilibrium (SFE) is used to investigate the oligopolistic competition among generation units. The SFE model is extended and the demand function equilibrium (DFE) is obtained to study the oligopsonistic competition among demand units. The economic behavior of a market participant is formulated as a bi-level programming (BLP) problem. The imperfect competition among generation units, as well as among demand units, are modeled as a non-cooperative game. Next, a direct method is developed to calculate all candidate equilibriums of the market, and the locational marginal prices (LMPs) in terms of the bidding strategies of the market participants. The BLP problem is solved by obtaining the coordinated Pareto-dominant Nash equilibrium of the market participants’ non-cooperative games. Finally, the proposed analysis is examined in case studies. Accordingly, we report insightful observations with respect to the impact of the changes in the new market structure, at firm-level and market-level, such as in terms of mitigating market power of generation units, the market clearing prices and quantities, surplus for generation units and demand units, and potential impact on market efficiency.