Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The meningioma surface factor: a novel approach to quantify shape irregularity on preoperative imaging and its correlation with WHO grade.

OBJECTIVE Atypical and anaplastic meningiomas account for 20% of all meningiomas. An irregular tumor shape on preoperative MRI has been associated with WHO grade II-III histology. However, this subjective allocation does not allow quantification or comparison. An objective parameter of irregularity could substantially influence resection strategy toward a more aggressive approach. Therefore, the aim of this study was to objectively quantify the level of irregularity on preoperative MRI and predict histology based on WHO grade using this novel approach. METHODS A retrospective study on meningiomas resected between January 2010 and December 2018 was conducted at two neurosurgical centers. This novel approach relies on the theory that a regularly shaped tumor has a smaller surface area than an irregularly shaped tumor with the same volume. A factor was generated using the surface area of a corresponding sphere as a reference, because for a given volume a sphere represents the shape with the smallest surface area possible. Consequently, the surface factor (SF) was calculated by dividing the surface area of a sphere with the same volume as the tumor with the surface area of the tumor. The resulting value of the SF ranges from > 0 to 1. Finally, the SF of each meningioma was then correlated with the corresponding histopathological grading. RESULTS A total of 126 patients were included in this study; 60.3% had a WHO grade I, 34.9% a WHO grade II, and 4.8% a WHO grade III meningioma. Calculation of the SF demonstrated a significant difference in SFs between WHO grade I (SF 0.851) and WHO grade II-III meningiomas (SF 0.788) (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified SF as an independent prognostic factor for WHO grade (OR 0.000009, 95% CI 0.000-0.159; p = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS The SF is a proposed mathematical model for a quantitative and objective measurement of meningioma shape, instead of the present subjective assessment. This study revealed significant differences between the SFs of WHO grade I and WHO grade II-III meningiomas and demonstrated that SF is an independent prognostic factor for WHO grade.
Conservation of Lemon Biscuit Produced in the Lower Sinu Region on the Department of Cordoba, Colombia

The objective of this study was to evaluate the useful life of lemon biscuit under different preservation systems. Lemon biscuit is a local food produced in the department of Cordoba, Colombia, it is very popular for its particular flavor and low cost. The samples were obtained from 3 local producers in the Lower Sinu region, to which potassium sorbate (0.1%) was added as a preservative during their processing. The samples were packed in two types of package (low density, polyethylene and polypropylene) and stored at temperatures of 28 and 32°C for 24 days, a lemon biscuit without sorbate and without any type of packaging was used as the control sample, which is the way it is locally marketed. Microbiological (aerobic mesophiles, lactic acid bacteria, molds and yeasts, total and faecal coliforms, Bacillus cereus and S. aureus), physicochemical (pH, acidity and weight loss) and sensorial parameters (color, taste, appearance and texture) were evaluated during storage at day 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24, respectively. Microbiological parameters of mesophiles, molds and yeasts presented significant differences (p<0.05) between treatments. Treatments have highly significant differences (p<0.001) regarding the attributes of color, appearance, taste and texture of the food. In conclusion, the flavor attribute was the determinant variable when estimating the durability of the analyzed product, the added with 0.1% potassium sorbate and packed in polypropylene bags reached 12 days of shelf life.
What is a public health approach to substance use? Protocol for a qualitative systematic review

Introduction The concept of a ‘public health approach’ to substance use is frequently but inconsistently invoked. This inconsistency is reflected in public policy, with governments using the term ‘public health approach’ in contradictory ways. This aim of this study is to clarify what is meant and understood when the term ‘public health approach’ is used in the context of substance use. Methods and analysis We will conduct a systematic search of Medline, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts and PAIS Index. Eligible articles will be from peer-reviewed journals, in English, with full text available. There will be no limits on year of publication. Substance use must be the primary topic of the article. Editorials, commentaries and letters to the editor will be included, but not commentaries on other articles, unless the definition of a public health approach is central to the commentary. Data selection and collection will be conducted independently by two researchers, with a third separately resolving any disagreement. To answer the research question, we will extract authors’ definitions of a public health approach to substance use as well as any descriptions of the central principles, characteristics and components of such an approach. To synthesise the data, we will employ thematic synthesis. Coding will be conducted by one researcher and verified by a second; two researchers will then group the codes into themes using an inductive process. Finally, the full research team will develop a set of analytic themes, which will be presented as a narrative. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval is not needed since the research will only involve published work. Our findings will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and, if possible, at conferences. PROSPERO registration number CRD42021270632.
Productivity vs drought adaptation in olive leaves: comparison of water relations in a modern versus a traditional cultivar.

The physiological traits that set the tradeoff between productivity and drought adaptation in plants are still under debate. To reveal these traits, we compared the water relations of two olive (Olea europaea) cultivars: 'Barnea'- a highly productive modern cultivar; and 'Souri'- a drought-adapted traditional cultivar. We hypothesized that Souri has lower hydraulic conductivity and lower hydraulic vulnerability. The hypothesis was tested at the leaf level. The soil volumetric water content (θ), stem water potential (ΨS ) and gas exchange were measured in both cultivars while they dried until a significant reduction in their maximal photochemical potential (Fv /Fm < 0.6) was obtained. Additionally, pressure-volume relations, leaf hydraulic vulnerability and the petiole xylem architecture were evaluated. To our surprise, Souri's leaf hydraulic conductivity was more vulnerable to low ΨS , approaching zero at -8 MPa compared with <-10 MPa in 'Barnea'. At the same time, Souri's higher osmotic content and cell rigidity enabled it to sustain 1.4 MPa lower ΨS , while maintaining near optimal (Fv /Fm ). However, both cultivars significantly reduced their Fv /Fm (< 0.6) at the same θ, suggesting that the capability to sustain a low θ is not the issue. Instead, Souri's lower transpiration enabled it to withstand a longer drought while avoiding low θ. Barnea's larger xylem vessels and hydraulic conductivity supported higher stomatal conductance (gs ) and assimilation rate, which nurtured its higher productivity but resulted in quick depletion of θ. These results suggest that hydraulic resistance or the ability to sustain low θ do not set the tradeoff between productivity and drought adaptation in olive leaves.
The influence of divergent reproductive strategies in shaping modularity and morphological evolution in mammalian jaws

Marsupial neonates are born at an earlier developmental stage than placental mammals, but the rapid development of their forelimbs and cranial skeleton allows them to climb to the pouch, begin suckling and complete their development ex utero. The mechanical environment in which marsupial neonates develop is vastly different from that of placental neonates, which exhibit a more protracted development of oral muscles and bones. This difference in reproductive strategy has been theorized to constrain morphological evolution in the oral region of marsupials. Here, we use 3D morphometrics to characterize one of these oral bones, the lower jaw (dentary), and assess modularity (pattern of covariation among traits), morphological disparity and rates of morphological evolution in two clades of carnivorous mammals: the marsupial Dasyuromorphia and placental fissiped Carnivora. We find that dasyuromorph dentaries have fewer modules than carnivorans and exhibit tight covariation between the angular and coronoid processes, the primary attachment sites for jaw‐closing muscles. This pattern of modularity may result from the uniform action of muscles on the developing mandible during suckling. Carnivorans are free from this constraint and exhibit a pattern of modularity that more strongly reflects genetic and developmental signals of trait covariation. Alongside differences in modularity, carnivorans exhibit greater disparity and faster rates of morphological evolution compared with dasyuromorphs. Taken together, this suggests dasyuromorphs have retained a signal of trait covariation that reflects the outsized influence of muscular force during early development, a feature that may have impacted the ability of marsupial carnivores to explore specialized regions of morphospace.
Organometal Halide Perovskites Thin Film and Their Impact on the Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells

The organometal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted attention and achieved efficiencies compared with traditional solar cells. There are several ways to develop perovskite solar cells like effect of moisture, degradation, and understanding the reason for instability of perovskite. In this chapter, we are specified how to make coating and film fabrication are affected by the existing methods. Improvement in the photo- voltaic performance of PSCs can be achieved by enhanced processing technique. These techniques include the spin-coating PbI 2 solution controlling the substrate temperature and crystal quality of the morphology for perovskite films. There is no doubt that film coating indicates that the crystallization and morphology of perovskite films affect the absorption intensity and obviously influence the short-circuit current density. This study points out an enhancement of the stability of perovskite films and solar cells by reducing residual strains in perovskite films.
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine

A 50-year-old Indian woman presented with acute dysphasia, left upper limb numbness and thrombocytopenia 12 days after receiving the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AstraZeneca/Vaxzevria). MRI of the brain was unremarkable. Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia with thrombocytopenia was noted on her peripheral blood film. A diagnosis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) was confirmed through the findings of absent ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13) activity and markedly raised titre of ADAMTS13 autoantibodies. Prompt treatment with plasma exchange, adjunctive steroids and rituximab was commenced. A remission of TTP was achieved and she was discharged 3 weeks after admission. While other immune-mediated conditions have been documented after receipt of the vaccine, this report highlights the first case of immune-mediated TTP diagnosed after administration of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine.
Robotic-Assisted Trajectory Into Kambin's Triangle During Percutaneous Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion—Initial Case Series Investigating Safety and Efficacy

Abstract BACKGROUND Minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) has the potential to further advance with the use of robot-assisted (RA) techniques. While RA pedicle screw placement has been extensively investigated, there is a lack of literature on the use of the robot for other tasks, such as accessing Kambin's triangle in percutaneous lumbar interbody fusion (percLIF). OBJECTIVE To characterize the surgical feasibility and preliminary outcomes of an initial case series of 10 patients receiving percLIF with RA cage placement via Kambin's triangle. METHODS We performed a single-center, retrospective review of patients undergoing RA percLIF using robot-guided trajectory to access Kambin's triangle for cage placement. Patients undergoing RA percLIF were eligible for enrollment. Baseline health and demographic information in addition to peri- and postoperative data was collected. The dimensions of each patient's Kambin's triangle were measured. RESULTS Ten patients and 11 levels with spondylolisthesis were retrospectively reviewed. All patients successfully underwent the planned procedure without perioperative complications. Four patients underwent their procedure with awake anesthesia. The average dimension of Kambin's triangle was 66.3 m2. With the exception of 1 patient who stayed in the hospital for 7 d, the average length of stay was 1.2 d, with 2 patients discharged the day of surgery. No patients suffered postoperative motor or sensory deficits. Spinopelvic parameters and anterior and posterior disc heights were improved with surgery. CONCLUSION As MISS continues to evolve, further exploration of robot-guided surgical practice, such as our technique, will lead to creative solutions to challenging anatomical variation and overall improved patient care.
Multifunctional Silver Nanoparticles by Fruit Extract of Terminalia belarica and their Therapeutic Applications: A 3-in-1 System

The use of nanoparticles in treating dreadful diseases like cancer is the emerging field of research in cancer therapy. In the present investigation, the green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with aqueous fruit extract of Terminalia belarica has been carried out, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) analysis was done which revealed an intense surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 430 nm, thus confirming the formation of Tb-AgNPs. The AgNPs were further characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), showing the reduction of silver nitrate into Tb-AgNPs by the reduction of different functional groups such as hydroxyl, phenols, stretch of aldehydes, alkenes and aromatics. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and diffraction light scattering (DLS) study showed that the nanoparticles were round in shape with an average size of 46.5 nm. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis also revealed similar results to facilitate that the AgNPs were round in shape, and the size was calculated by Z-coloration method. Furthermore, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) data confirmed that Tb-AgNPs were crystalline with face centered cubic (fcc) structure and were very stable with −29.1 mV Zeta potential. Tb-AgNPs showed efficient free radical scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method was the best among the three antioxidant methods with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 47.25 ± 0.17. Tb-AgNPs also showed superior and efficient antibacterial activity greater than the control antibiotic, and showed effective anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effect on human breast cancer cells with IC50 value of 73.18 μg/mL. The biosynthesized Tb-AgNPs with multifunctional properties could be employed as a source for the exploration of novel therapeutic antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer agent.
The Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 Positive Allosteric Modulator ZCZ011 Attenuates Naloxone-Precipitated Diarrhea and Weight Loss in Oxycodone-Dependent Mice

Opioid use disorder reflects a major public health crisis of morbidity and mortality in which opioid withdrawal often contributes to continued use. However, current medications that treat opioid withdrawal symptoms are limited by their abuse liability or lack of efficacy. Although cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor agonists, including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, ameliorate opioid withdrawal in both clinical and preclinical studies of opioid dependence, this strategy elicits cannabimimetic side effects as well as tolerance and dependence after repeated administration. Alternatively, CB1 receptor positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) enhance CB1 receptor signaling and show efficacy in rodent models of pain and cannabinoid dependence but lack cannabimimetic side effects. We hypothesize that the CB1 receptor PAM ZCZ011 attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal signs in opioid-dependent mice. Accordingly, male and female mice given an escalating dosing regimen of oxycodone, a widely prescribed opioid, and challenged with naloxone displayed withdrawal signs that included diarrhea, weight loss, jumping, paw flutters, and head shakes. ZCZ011 fully attenuated naloxone-precipitated withdrawal-induced diarrhea and weight loss and reduced paw flutters by approximately half, but its effects on head shakes were unreliable, and it did not affect jumping behavior. The antidiarrheal and anti–weight loss effects of ZCZ0111 were reversed by a CB1 not a cannabinoid receptor type 2 receptor antagonist and were absent in CB1 (−/−) mice, suggesting a necessary role of CB1 receptors. Collectively, these results indicate that ZCZ011 completely blocked naloxone-precipitated diarrhea and weight loss in oxycodone-dependent mice and suggest that CB1 receptor PAMs may offer a novel strategy to treat opioid dependence. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Opioid use disorder represents a serious public health crisis in which current medications used to treat withdrawal symptoms are limited by abuse liability and side effects. The CB1 receptor positive allosteric modulator (PAM) ZCZ011, which lacks overt cannabimimetic behavioral effects, ameliorated naloxone-precipitated withdrawal signs through a CB1 receptor mechanism of action in a mouse model of oxycodone dependence. These results suggest that CB1 receptor PAMs may represent a viable strategy to treat opioid withdrawal.
Alpha emitting nuclides in nuclear medicine theranostics

Abstract Theranostic applications with radio-isotopes currently are rapidly progressing and expand nuclear medicine application in clinical routine. Alpha emitting isotopes, in particular, have long been hypothesized to achieve relevant advances for the treatment of malignancies. Here, an overview of their properties and the knowledge of radiobiology is reviewed in view of clinical translation. Clinical evidence of radiopharmaceuticals based on alpha emitters is summarized with a focus on recent developments for treatment of metastasized castration resistant prostate cancer.
All you need to know about sperm RNAs.

BACKGROUND Spermatogenesis generates a small and highly specialised type of cell that is apparently incapable of transcription and translation. For many years, this dogma was supported by the assumption that (i) the compact sperm nucleus, resulting from the substitution of histones by protamine during spermatogenesis, renders the genome inaccessible to the transcriptional machinery; and (ii) the loss of most organelles, including endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes, limits or prevents translational activity. Despite these observations, several types of coding and non-coding RNAs have been identified in human sperm. Their functional roles, particularly during fertilisation and embryonic development, are only now becoming apparent. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review aimed to summarise current knowledge of the origin, types and functional roles of sperm RNAs, and to evaluate the clinical benefits of employing these transcripts as biomarkers of male fertility and reproductive outcomes. The possible contribution of sperm RNAs to intergenerational or transgenerational phenotypic inheritance is also addressed. SEARCH METHODS A comprehensive literature search on PubMed was conducted using the search terms 'sperm' AND 'RNA'. Searches focussed upon articles written in English and published prior to August 2020. OUTCOMES The development of more sensitive and accurate RNA technologies, including RNA sequencing, has enabled the identification and characterisation of numerous transcripts in human sperm. Though a majority of these RNAs likely arise during spermatogenesis, other data support an epididymal origin of RNA transmitted to maturing sperm by extracellular vesicles. A minority may also be synthesised by de novo transcription in mature sperm, since a small portion of the sperm genome remains packed by histones. This complex RNA population has important roles in paternal chromatin packaging, sperm maturation and capacitation, fertilisation, early embryogenesis and developmental maintenance. In recent years, additional lines of evidence from animal models support a role for sperm RNAs in intergenerational or transgenerational inheritance, modulating both the genotype and phenotype of progeny. Importantly, several reports indicate that the sperm RNA content of fertile and infertile men differs considerably and is strongly modulated by the environment, lifestyle and pathological states. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Transcriptional profiling has considerable potential for the discovery of fertility biomarkers. Understanding the role of sperm transcripts and comparing the sperm RNA fingerprint of fertile and infertile men could help to elucidate the regulatory pathways contributing to male factor infertility. Such data might also provide a molecular explanation for several causes of idiopathic male fertility. Ultimately, transcriptional profiling may be employed to optimise ART procedures and overcome some of the underlying causes of male infertility, ensuring the birth of healthy children.
Molecular characterization of triple negative breast cancer formaldehyde‐fixed paraffin‐embedded samples by data‐independent acquisition proteomics

Triple negative breast cancer accounts for 15%–20% of all breast carcinomas and is clinically characterized by an aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis. Triple negative tumors do not benefit from targeted therapies, so further characterization is needed to define subgroups with potential therapeutic value. In this work, the proteomes of 125 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded samples from patients diagnosed with non‐metastatic triple negative breast cancer were analyzed using data‐independent acquisition + in a LTQ‐Orbitrap Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer coupled to an EASY‐nLC 1000. 1206 proteins were identified in at least 66% of the samples. Hierarchical clustering, probabilistic graphical models and Significance Analysis of Microarrays were combined to characterize proteomics‐based molecular groups. Two molecular groups were defined with differences in biological processes such as glycolysis, translation and immune response. These two molecular groups showed also several differentially expressed proteins. This clinically homogenous dataset may serve to design new therapeutic strategies in the future.
Pharmacognostical, physiochemical and phytochemical evaluation of leaf, stem and root of orchid Dendrobium ochreatum

The present work was aimed to carry out pharmacognosical and phytochemical evaluation of individual root, stem, and leaves of orchid “Dendrobium ochreatum. ” The plant was sun dried and was grounded to fine powder using mechanical grinder followed by sieving. The fine powder was collected and subjected to different pharmacognostical studies like fluorescence analysis under uv light at different wavelength. Physiochemical parameters were also evaluated of the dried plant parts like ash values, loss on drying. Each part of plant like root, stem and leaves were separated and subjected to extraction using soxhletion using different polarity solvents i,e hexane, chloroform, ethanol in gradient elution technique. All total nine plant extracts were obtained, phytochemical screening revealed the presence of important phytoconstituents like alkaloid, glycoside, saponins etc whereas only chloroform extracts of stem exhibited the presence of steroid/phytosterol.