Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developing and pre-testing an interactive decision aid tool for men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer

The purpose of this research was to develop and pre-test an interactive decision-aid for men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer. A literature review of availability and effectiveness of empirically tested decision aids was done and then a prototype of the decision aid made. Semi-structured interviews with 12 men (65-80) diagnosed with localized prostate cancer were conducted to get feedback on ideas, content, usability and layout of the decision aid. Four of the participants had undergone active surveillance, four surgery/radiation therapy and four were newly diagnosed and had not yet undergone treatment. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using content analysis. Participants valued the decision aid and found the accessibility of the information and the decision task helpful. Their points on improving the decision aid concerned the length of the text and flow. Also they wanted to make exercise and lifestyle recommendation a part of the decision aid as well as highlighting the benefit of joining a support group for men with prostate cancer. Four major themes submerged 1) usability and design, 2) content and knowledge, 3) deciding factors of decision-making and 4) social support. The extensive and realistic information about side effects of surgery/radiation therapy was something that the participants thought was most needed from usual care as well as an unbiased presentation of treatment options. The decision aid is now under revision and will be tested in a randomized clinical trial when it is completed.
Electrocardiogram profiling of myocardial infarction history using MLP and HMLP networks

Narrowing of coronary arteries caused by cholesterol deposits deprives heart tissues of oxygen. In prolonged conditions, these will result in myocardium infarction. The presence of damage tissues modifies the normal sinus rhythm and this can be detected using electrocardiogram (ECG). Hence, this paper characterized history of myocardial infarction from survivors using QRS power ratio features from the ECG. Subsequent profiling is performed using multilayered perceptron (MLP) and hybrid multilayered perceptron (HMLP) networks. ECG with history of anterior and inferior infarctions, along with healthy controls is obtained from PTB Diagnostic ECG Database. The signal is initially pre-processed and the power ratio features are extracted for low- and mid-frequency components. The features are then used as input vector to the MLP and HMLP networks. The optimized MLP has attained accuracies of 99.2% for training and 98.0% for testing. Meanwhile, the optimized HMLP managed to achieve accuracies of 99.4% for training and 97.8% for testing. Despite the similarities in network performance, MLP provides a better alternative due to the reduced computational requirements by as much as 30%.
THE EFFECT OF THE DURATION OF MORNING PHELGM STORAGE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE ON THE NUMBER OF ACID RESISTANT BACTERIA

Tuberculosis is an infection of the bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis which attacks and damages the tissues of the human body. The bacteria can be transmitted thourgh tuberculosis airways usually attacking the lugns but usually also speards the bones, lymph nodes, central nervous system, heart and other organs. Phlegm examination directly relives many weaknesses that is a lot of mucus and tissue that will increase the volume of the sample so that it will reduce the possiblty of getting microbacterium tuberculosis. Therefore, to improve the effevtiveness of sputum microscopic examination, a sample of 4% NaOH sample can be processed so that BTA will be collected in smaller volumes and it is more likely to obtain sample containing germs. This study was conducted with 3 treatmeants, namely morning phlegm which was examined immediately, morning phlegm delayed 3 hours, and morning phlegm delayed 6 hours then decontaminated and examined under a microscope to see how much influence. Based on the analysisof Variance ( ANOVA) test, it was found that significant value of the ANOVA test of 1,000>0,05 did not have a significant effect between the phlegm examined and immediately delayed 3 hours and delayed 6 hours . The researchers concluded that the length of the morning phelm storage at room temperature was examine immediately, delayed 3 hours and delayed 6 hours had no effect on the number of acid-resistant bacteria (BTA) (ρ=1,000) thus te alternative hypothesis in this study was rejected. But even though there was no significant effect on the duration of storing phlegm in the morning, the researchers still segested that they still use morning phlegm which was immediately examined in order to still get the quality of phlegm and good examination result. Keyword: Storage time, Decontamination Of BTA, Examination Sampel
Impact of Medical Advancement: Prostheses

This chapter shall provide a brief introduction to the prostheses and their development in the current advance technological era. The prosthesis design, control, and architecture completely changed with the change in the amputation level. The transradial amputee stump design, electronics, battery, and circuit place-ment change significantly with the change of the residual arm of the amputee. This leads to designing the prostheses with the focus of the amputation level and ease of customization. Recent development in the 3D printing and open source prosthetic design leads the user to choose, modify, and print the prostheses with the required sets of functionalities. In this chapter, a brief introduction of the prostheses has been given, starting with the types of prostheses according to the level of amputation and functionality. Then, the state-of-the-art prostheses available commercially and under research will be introduced. Afterward, the 3D printed prostheses are discussed. This chapter will end with the comparison of the medical advancement over the average life of people in general and comparison of the same for countries with low and high per capita income.
HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF PERILLYL ALCOHOL (POH) ON HIGH-FAT DIET-LOW-DOSE STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED TYPE 2 DIABETES IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the hepatoprotectivity effect of perillyl alcohol in high-fat diet (HFD)-low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced in male albino Wistar rats by 4 weeks diet manipulation followed by a low single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (35 mg/kg body weight). Perillyl alcohol was administered orally (50 mg/kg body weight and 100 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days. Glibenclamide was used as a standard drug and given orally 6 mg/kg body weight. At the end of treatment period, levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST) alanine transaminase (ALT), and bilirubin and serum protein were measured in serum of experimental rats. Histopathological studies of liver were also done with microscope. Results: The levels of ALP, AST ALT, and bilirubin were increased significantly in HFD-STZ-induced diabetic rats. Perillyl alcohol-treated diabetic rats showed marked restoration in the activity of ALP, AST, ALT, and bilirubin when compared with diabetic control rats. Perillyl alcohol and glibenclamide drug-treated rats showed reversible tissue regeneration with prominent hepatocytes. Conclusion: The present results clearly indicate that the perillyl alcohol has a potent efficacy for hepatoprotective effect in HFD- low-dose STZ-induced diabetic rats.
Prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in blue-collar workers: association with individual and lifestyle-related factors

This study aimed to investigate the 12-month and 7-day prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in different body regions and its association with individual (age, gender and BMI) and lifestyle-related (physical activity level and sitting time) factors among blue-collar workers of a Portuguese manufacturing company. One hundred and thirty-six blue-collar workers participated in the study. Musculoskeletal symptoms were assessed with the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, and physical activity level and sitting time were assessed with IPAQ-Short Version. The 12-month prevalence was higher in the low back (56.6%), followed by the wrist/hand (50%), the shoulder (45.6%) and the neck (44.9%). In the last 7 days, the four most affected body regions were: the low back region (25%), the shoulders (20.6%) and the neck and wrist/hands (19.9%). Regarding individual factors, significant associations were found between age and the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in the shoulder (p=0.034), elbow (p=0.033), wrist/hand (p=0.030), thigh/hip (p=0.008), neck (p=0.010) and the low back region (p=0.045), with the older workers reporting higher prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms. Also, women reported a significant higher prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in the neck than men (p=0.025). Overweight and obese workers had a significantly higher prevalence of symptoms in the shoulder (p=0.003), wrist/hands (p=0.030) and neck (p=0.033). Regarding lifestyle-related factors, no significant associations were found between physical activity level or sitting time (p>0.05) and the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in any of the body regions. To conclude, blue-collar workers have a high prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms. Individual factors like age, gender and BMI seem to influence the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in different body regions, but lifestyle-related factors such as the physical activity level and sitting time seem not to be associated with the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in studied sample. The results emphasize the need of workplace interventions to prevent musculoskeletal symptoms in this population.
Lo stress ossidativo nella sindrome metabolica e nella steatoepatite non alcolica. È possibile un ruolo delle vitamine nella pratica clinica

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a worldwide medical problem characterized by a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic modifications involving peripheral insulin resistance. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represents the liver expression of this pathological condition. Both MS and NASH are characterized by proinflammatory status and increased oxidative stress. According this, we aimed to review the literature for considering a possible role for vitamins as therapeutical support in MS and NASH.
Cancer Risks Associated With Germline PALB2 Pathogenic Variants: An International Study of 524 Families.

PURPOSE To estimate age-specific relative and absolute cancer risks of breast cancer and to estimate risks of ovarian, pancreatic, male breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers associated with germline PALB2 pathogenic variants (PVs) because these risks have not been extensively characterized. METHODS We analyzed data from 524 families with PALB2 PVs from 21 countries. Complex segregation analysis was used to estimate relative risks (RRs; relative to country-specific population incidences) and absolute risks of cancers. The models allowed for residual familial aggregation of breast and ovarian cancer and were adjusted for the family-specific ascertainment schemes. RESULTS We found associations between PALB2 PVs and risk of female breast cancer (RR, 7.18; 95% CI, 5.82 to 8.85; P = 6.5 × 10-76), ovarian cancer (RR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.40 to 6.04; P = 4.1 × 10-3), pancreatic cancer (RR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.24 to 4.50; P = 8.7 × 10-3), and male breast cancer (RR, 7.34; 95% CI, 1.28 to 42.18; P = 2.6 × 10-2). There was no evidence for increased risks of prostate or colorectal cancer. The breast cancer RRs declined with age (P for trend = 2.0 × 10-3). After adjusting for family ascertainment, breast cancer risk estimates on the basis of multiple case families were similar to the estimates from families ascertained through population-based studies (P for difference = .41). On the basis of the combined data, the estimated risks to age 80 years were 53% (95% CI, 44% to 63%) for female breast cancer, 5% (95% CI, 2% to 10%) for ovarian cancer, 2%-3% (95% CI females, 1% to 4%; 95% CI males, 2% to 5%) for pancreatic cancer, and 1% (95% CI, 0.2% to 5%) for male breast cancer. CONCLUSION These results confirm PALB2 as a major breast cancer susceptibility gene and establish substantial associations between germline PALB2 PVs and ovarian, pancreatic, and male breast cancers. These findings will facilitate incorporation of PALB2 into risk prediction models and optimize the clinical cancer risk management of PALB2 PV carriers.
A simple dose of antibiotics: qualitative analysis of sepsis reporting in UK newspapers

Background A recent drive to improve sepsis awareness has been accompanied by prolific media reporting about its management in children. Media reporting is known to influence public understanding of health issues and subsequent health-seeking behaviour. Aim To examine UK newspaper representations of sepsis in children to better understand how the messages they convey may impact on parents' consulting behaviour and expectations about antimicrobial prescribing. Design & setting Qualitative analysis of articles published in 12 UK newspapers from January 1988 to June 2018. Method Thematic analysis of 140 articles about sepsis in children identified through a search on the Nexis database. Results Reporting about sepsis in UK newspapers was characterised by emotive personal narratives about affected children who have suffered death or disability. These events were frequently presented as resulting from failings within the healthcare system that could have been avoided by early treatment. Health professionals were portrayed as inadequately prepared to recognise and manage sepsis, and as reluctant to prescribe antibiotics, even when necessary. Parents were positioned as advocates for their children, and as being ultimately responsible for ensuring that they receive appropriate treatment. Conclusion This research identified messages about sepsis in the UK news media that could influence public attitudes about antibiotic prescribing in acute childhood illness. Public health communications about sepsis awareness must acknowledge the wider implications of unnecessary antibiotic use as a driver of antimicrobial resistance to reduce the risk of damaging efforts to promote rational prescribing.
Occurence of left main occlusion on Tuesday: Chronobiology of acute myocardial infarction due to left main disease

Objectives The existence of a “weekend effect” for onset of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been suggested in the past, but the relation with the culprit vessel has not been investigated. MI due to left main coronary artery lesion represents a particularly serious life-threatening condition. Our study was aimed to assess the chronobiology of admission to the emergency department for AMI considered to be induced by a left main culprit lesion. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients who experienced an AMI due to a left main culprit lesion between January 1, 2008 and January 1, 2018 stratifying them according to the day of admission, on the basis of the symptom onset time; the 30-day cardiovascular mortality was also analyzed on the basis of the time of symptom onset. Results Out of 1789 patients with AMI, 130 (7.2%, 104 males and 26 females, mean age 74.5 ± 8.1 years) had left main disease as the culprit lesion. Tuesday was significantly over-represented as the admission day (p < 0.001 for Tuesday vs. other days; p = 0.009 for Tuesday vs. Sunday, respectively). The 30-day cardiovascular survival was not different between patients admitted on Tuesday and those admitted on remaining days (Log-rank, Mantel Cox, p = 0.43; Chi-square = 0.611). A significant difference was noted in patients with AMI on Sunday versus remaining days (Log-rank, Mantel-Cox, p = 0.005; Chi-square = 7.96). The diameter of the left main artery was larger in patients admitted on Tuesdays than on Sundays (p < 0.01). Conclusion The relation between AMI onset and the day of the week is confirmed by our study, which also suggests that in case of a left main lesion, some delay of the weekend effect might be expected.
Smartphone applications available to pregnant women in the United Kingdom: An assessment of nutritional information

Abstract The importance of diet during pregnancy is critically important for the short‐ and long‐term health of both mother and child. The number of apps targeting pregnant women is rapidly increasing, yet the nutritional content of these tools remains largely unexplored. This review aimed to evaluate the coverage and content of nutrition information in smartphone apps available to U.K. pregnant women. Keyword searches were conducted in iTunes and Google Play stores in November 2018. Candidate apps were included if they targeted pregnant women, provided pregnancy‐specific nutritional information, had a user rating of at least 4+ based on at least 20 ratings, and were available in English. Nutritional content was assessed for accuracy against U.K. recommendations. Behaviour change techniques (BCTs) were also evaluated. Twenty‐nine apps were included, seven of which originated in the United Kingdom. There was a large variability in the quality of smartphone app nutritional information. The accuracy of nutrition information varied, and several apps conveyed inappropriate information for pregnancy. On average, 10 BCTs were identified per app (range 2–15). Overall, smartphone apps do not consistently provide accurate and useful nutritional information to pregnant women. This study highlights the need for the integration of evidence‐based nutritional information during app development and for increased regulatory oversight. App developers should also make it clear that nutritional content is intended for a specific geographical region or population or modify for the intended audience. These are important considerations for the design of future apps, which are increasingly used to complement existing maternity services.
miR-19a Is Involved In Progression And Malignancy Of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells

Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, single-stranded, non-coding RNAs acting as negative regulators of gene expression involved in a number of physiological processes. MiRNAs’ expression is commonly dysregulated in many types of human tumor diseases and cancers, including thyroid cancers, and is often involved in tumor initiation and progression. miR-19a, a member of miR-17-92 cluster, has been demonstrated to promote cell growth in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), the most advanced and aggressive thyroid cancer. Purpose In this work, we investigate the potential contribution of miR-19a in thyroid cancer cells poor prognosis and de-differentiation. Methods We directly modulated the expression of miR-19a in papillary (PTC) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell lines through transfection of specific miR-19a mimic or inhibitor. Further, we performed gene expression analysis of specific genes to evaluate miR-19a association with cell cycle, differentiation, and poor prognosis. Results Our data indicate that miR-19a overexpression in PTC cells significantly promotes cell growth, decreases the expression of differentiation genes and activates poor prognosis genes. Its inhibition in ATC cells reduces cell proliferation and the expression of genes related to poor prognosis but does not affect differentiation. Conclusion Our findings reveal the existence of functional associations between miR-19a expression and thyroid cancer progression and malignancy suggesting miR-19a as a novel candidate therapeutic target for ATC.
Psychological interventions for first-episode psychosis : an exploration of individual and group interventions

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Combined or sequential treatment of advanced melanoma?

Melanoma is a malignant neoplasm with a very high rate of growth in the number of cases. In Poland, in the years 1980–2010, the number of cases of melanoma increased threefold. Although the incidence rates of melanoma are rising, the mortality rate due to melanoma is falling. In recent years, the treatment of patients with melanoma has changed to a great extent. Thanks to the development of molecular research, the presence of specific mutations in melanoma cells was discovered. The progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms occurring in this neoplastic cells and the interaction between the immune system cells and melanoma cells contributed to the development of new classes of drugs: immunotherapy and targeted therapy. With the use of checkpoint inhibitors, long-term remission of the disease can be achieved, which has been confirmed in many clinical trials that have shown improvements in overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PSF). However, the predominant problem is the low response rate to checkpoint inhibitors and the time between the initiation of therapy and the response to treatment. This is not the case with targeted therapies, where the response rate is high and the response time is very short. Therefore, a promising treatment strategy can be a combination of these two classes of drugs, so that one can try to achieve a quick and long-term response to the treatment. The paper discusses the current treatment options for melanoma patients in the spreading phase of the disease and analyzes the benefits of combined and sequential treatment.
Current status and future directions of cardiac rehabilitation program: a review of the literature

One of the effective treatments for patients recovering from acute cardiac illness or surgery is cardiac rehabilitation (CR). CR has proven to be effective to reduce mortality, morbidity, and also to improve the quality of life. The purpose of this review is to present the current status of CR program worldwide as well as to identify a potential approach for further investigation. Literature searching of electronic databases was conducted in several databases including CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and EMBASE, and Google Scholar. CR aims to restore patients with CVD to a state of good health. Each country has different approach in the provision and organization of CR as well as the allocation of resources, which depends on their health policies and politics. The indications for CR also differ between countries, but traditionally CR has been used following acute myocardial infarction (MI). CR programs have been divided into three phases of progression. Hospital-based or supervised site-based programs have been known as the most common model of CR in most countries. The core components of CR include patient assessment, nutritional counselling, exercise training, physical activity counselling, weight management, tobacco cessation, aggressive coronary risk-factor management, and psychosocial management. Despite the apparent benefits of CR in patients with CVD, these programs remain largely underused. The participation rates in the USA, Australia, and Europe are low, estimated at 10-30%. New research areas that explore new ways of CR delivery to improve referral and participation rates are essential.