Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oxygen uptake kinetics in children and adults after the onset of moderate-intensity exercise

The literature suggests that the oxygen uptake ( V O 2 ) response to the onset of moderate-intensity exercise may be both mature from childhood and independent of sex. Yet the cardiorespiratory response to exercise and the metabolic profile of the muscle appear to change with growth and deve . lopment and to differ between the sexes. The aim of this study was to investigate further changes in the V O2 kinetic response with age and sex. Participants completed a series of no less than four step change transitions, from unloaded pedalling to a constant work rate corresponding to 80% of their previously determined ventilatory threshold. Each participant's breath-by-breath responses were interpolated to 1 s intervals, time aligned and then averaged. A single exponential model that included a time delay was used to analyse the averaged response following phase 1 (15 s). Participants with parameter confidence intervals more than - 5 s were removed from the sample; the results for the remaining 13 men and 12 women (age 19-26 years), 12 boys and 11 girls (age 11-12 years) were used for statistical analysis. Children had a significantly shorter time constant than adults, both for males (19.0 - 2.0 and 27.9 - 8.6 s respectively; P ≪ 0.01) and females (21.0 - 5.5 and 26.0 - 4.5 s respectively; P ≪ 0.05). There were no significant differences in the time constant between the sexes for either adults or children ( P > 0.05). A significant relationship between the time constant and peak V O 2 was found only in adult males ( P ≪ 0.05). A shorter time constant in children may reflect an enhanced potential for oxidative metabolism.
A physical and expression map of the D17S1810–D17S1353 region spanning the central areolar choroidal dystrophy locus

Central areolar choroidal dystrophy (CACD) causes bilateral irreversible central visual loss in the 5th to 7th decades. The authors previously described a large pedigree with the disorder, which showed linkage to chromosome 17p13.2→p13.1 between microsatellite markers D17S1353 and D17S1810. 17p13 is very rich in genes that cause retinal diseases. We have now constructed a detailed and ordered physical map of the critical CACD region which spans up to 2.4 Mb. The new transcript map contains thirteen genes and seven expressed sequence tags (ESTs) that are eye-expressed, and therefore are positional candidates. Several of these have been screened, but no disease-causing mutations were found in CACD patients.
Research on E-commerce Online to Offline Behavior Mechanism in Agricultural Products

Currently, online and offline channel integration as a successful business model is used in many industries, this paper aims at providing an insight into the factors affecting online channel (online shop) and offline channels (entity shop) in the agricultural product industry. Drawn from the extant literature, a consumer online and offline behavior model including trust, system quality, information quality , environment quality and service quality, online and offline satisfaction ,customer loyalty were provides. Data were obtained from 228 customers in china during 2014. Based on the data obtained, SPSS19.0 software is used to analyze reliability test and validity, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and AMOS17.0 were employed to calculate the path coefficient, and tests the proposed model. Data analysis shows that: The model describes the relationship among the online satisfaction, offline satisfaction and customer loyalty, and establishes a multi-relationship model that includes trust, system quality, information quality, environment quality and service quality. The factors impacting online satisfaction include trust, system quality and information quality; the factors impacting offline satisfaction include environment satisfaction and service quality. Meanwhile, we highlight the role of trust in online satisfaction, and prove that both online satisfaction and offline satisfaction have interaction on customer loyalty.
AtABCA9 transporter supplies fatty acids for lipid synthesis to the endoplasmic reticulum

Fatty acids, the building blocks of biological lipids, are synthesized in plastids and then transported to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for assimilation into specific lipid classes. The mechanism of fatty acid transport from plastids to the ER has not been identified. Here we report that AtABCA9, an ABC transporter in Arabidopsis thaliana, mediates this transport. AtABCA9 was localized to the ER, and atabca9 null mutations reduced seed triacylglycerol (TAG) content by 35% compared with WT. Developing atabca9 seeds incorporated 35% less 14C-oleoyl-CoA into TAG compared with WT seeds. Furthermore, overexpression of AtABCA9 enhanced TAG deposition by up to 40%. These data strongly support a role for AtABCA9 as a supplier of fatty acid substrates for TAG biosynthesis at the ER during the seed-filling stage. AtABCA9 may be a powerful tool for increasing lipid production in oilseeds.
Numerical treatments to nonlocal Fredholm – Volterra integral equation with continuous kernel 1

In this paper, we consider the nonlocal FredholmVolterra integral equation of the second kind, with continuous kernels. We consider three different numerical methods,the Trapezoidal rule, Simpson rule and Collocation method to reduce the nonlocal F-VIE to a nonlocal algebraic system of equations. The algebraic system is computed numerically, when the historical memory of the problem (nonlocal function) takes three cases: when there is no memory, when the memory is linear and when the memory is nonlinear. Moreover, the estimate error, in each method and each case, is computed. Here, we deduce that, the error in the absence of memory is larger than in the linear memory. Moreover, the error of the linear memory is larger than the nonlinear memory. Keyword: nonlocal Fredholm-Volterra integral equation (nonlocal F-VIE), numerical methods, algebraic system (AS), the error estimate. MSC (2010): 45B05, 45G10, 60R.
Changes in activity of fast-spiking interneurons of the monkey striatum during reaching at a visual target.

Recent works highlight the importance of local inhibitory interneurons in regulating the function of the striatum. In particular, fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs), which likely correspond to a subgroup of GABAergic interneurons, have been involved in the control of movement by exerting strong inhibition on striatal output pathways. However, little is known about the exact contribution of these presumed interneurons in movement preparation, initiation, and execution. We recorded the activity of FSIs in the striatum of monkeys as they performed reaching movements to a visual target under two task conditions: one in which the movement target was presented at unsignaled left or right locations, and another in which advance information about target location was available, thus allowing monkeys to react faster. Modulations of FSI activity around the initiation of movement (53% of 55 neurons) consisted mostly of increases reaching maximal firing immediately before or, less frequently, after movement onset. Another subset of FSIs showed decreases in activity during movement execution. Rarely did movement-related changes in FSI firing depend on response direction and movement speed. Modulations of FSI activity occurring relatively early in relation to movement initiation were more influenced by the preparation for movement, compared with those occurring later. Conversely, FSI activity remained unaffected, as monkeys were preparing a movement toward a specific location and instead moved to the opposite direction when the trigger occurred. These results provide evidence that changes in activity of presumed GABAergic interneurons of the primate striatum could make distinct contributions to processes involved in movement generation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We explored the functional contributions of striatal fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs), presumed GABAergic interneurons, to distinct steps of movement generation in monkeys performing a reaching task. The activity of individual FSIs was modulated before and during the movement, consisting mostly of increased in firing rates. Changes in activity also occurred during movement preparation. We interpret this variety of modulation types at different moments of task performance as reflecting differential FSI control over distinct phases of movement.
Importance of Heat-Labile Enterotoxin in Colonization of the Adult Mouse Small Intestine by Human Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Strains

ABSTRACT Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections are a significant cause of diarrheal disease and infant mortality in developing countries. Studies of ETEC pathogenesis relevant to vaccine development have been greatly hampered by the lack of a suitable small-animal model of infection with human ETEC strains. Here, we demonstrate that adult immunocompetent outbred mice can be effectively colonized with the prototypical human ETEC H10407 strain (colonization factor antigen I; heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxin positive) and that production of heat-labile holotoxin provides a significant advantage in colonization of the small intestine in this model.
Heat and UV light resistance of vegetative cells and spores of Bacillus subtilis Rec-mutants

The heat and UV light resistance of spores and vegetative cells of Bacillus subtilis BD170 (rec+) were greater than those of B. subtilis BD224 (recE4). Strain BD170 can repair DNA whereas BD224 is repair deficient due to the presence of the recE4 allele. Spores of a GSY Rec+ strain were more heat resistant than spores of GSY Rec- and Uvr- mutants. The overall level of heat and UV light resistance attained by spores may in part be determined by their ability to repair deoxyribonucleic acid after exposure to these two physical mutagens.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants affected in anaerobic growth on arginine: evidence for a four-gene cluster encoding the arginine deiminase pathway

Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO was able to grow in the absence of exogenous terminal electron acceptors, provided that the medium contained 30 to 40 mM L-arginine and 0.4% yeast extract. Under strictly anaerobic conditions (O2 at less than 1 ppm), growth could be measured as an increase in protein and proceeded in a non-exponential way; arginine was largely converted to ornithine but not entirely consumed at the end of growth. In the GasPak anaerobic jar (Becton Dickinson and Co.), the wild-type strain PAO1 grew on arginine-yeast extract medium in 3 to 5 days; mutants could be isolated that were unable to grow under these conditions. All mutants (except one) were defective in at least one of the three enzymes of the arginine deiminase pathway (arcA, arcB, and arcC mutants) or in a novel function that might be involved in anaerobic arginine uptake (arcD mutants). The mutations arcA (arginine deiminase), arcB (catabolic ornithine carbamoyltransferase), arcC (carbamate kinase), and arcD were highly cotransducible and mapped in the 17-min chromosome region. Some mutations in the arc cluster led to low, noninducible levels of all three arginine deiminase pathway enzymes and thus may affect control elements required for induction of the postulated arc operon. Two fluorescent pseudomonads (P. putida and P. fluorescens) and P. mendocina, as well as one PAO mutant, possessed an inducible arginine deiminase pathway and yet were unable to grow fermentatively on arginine. The ability to use arginine-derived ATP for growth may provide P. aeruginosa with a selective advantage when oxygen and nitrate are scarce.
Research Laboratories of the Finnish State Alcohol Company, Alko Ltd (Biomedical Department).

Summary The Finnish State Alcohol Company, Alko Ltd, is a state alcohol monopoly, i.e. it has the responsibility for both the alcohol trade and the alcohol policy in Finland. The Biomedical Department of Alko is one of the first laboratories in the world specialising in basic research on the biological and medical effects of alcohol. This research is connected to the company's role in alcohol policy, and its purpose is to obtain reliable information in the prevention and treatment of alcohol-related health problems that can be used, in collaboration with the Information Department, for public education. The Biomedical Department has an active program of cooperation internationally, with ISBRA and various laboratories around the world in the alcohol field, and, locally, with several Finnish universities, e.g. providing training opportunities, for their undergraduate and graduate students.
Using Language Models for Text Classification

This paper describes an approach to text classification using language models. This approach is a natural extension of the traditional Naïve Bayes classifier, in which we replace the Laplace smoothing by some more sophisticated smoothing methods. In this paper, we tested four smoothing methods commonly used in information retrieval. Our experimental results show that using a language model, we are able to obtain better performance than traditional Naïve Bayes classifier. In addition, we also introduce into the existing smoothing methods an additional factor of smoothing scale according to the amount of training data of the class, and this allows us to further improve the classification performance.
Cross Correlation Based Dispersed Phase Velocity Profile Measurement of Two-Phase Pipe Flow

This paper introduces a method of forming up the cross sectional velocity profile of horizontal two-phase flow by adopting a dual-plane Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) system and cross correlation method. The preliminary results are presented with numerical simulations, where a pixel-like mesh is used to segment the cross section of the measuring field. The relationship between the peripheral voltages measured from the electrodes with a feature value within a specific pixel is determined. The numerical simulation results show that this method can provide a visual distribution of velocity profile of dispersed phase within a continuous phase in the cross section of the pipeline.
Data : Labeler 1 : Labeler 2 : Labeler 3 : Figure

In traditional active learning, there is only one labeler that always returns the ground truth of queried labels. However, in many applications, multiple labelers are available to offer diverse qualities of labeling with different costs. In this paper, we perform active selection on both instances and labelers, aiming to improve the classification model most with the lowest cost. While the cost of a labeler is proportional to its overall labeling quality, we also observe that different labelers usually have diverse expertise, and thus it is likely that labelers with a low overall quality can provide accurate labels on some specific instances. Based on this fact, we propose a novel active selection criterion to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of instance-labeler pairs, which ensures that the selected instance is helpful for improving the classification model, and meanwhile the selected labeler can provide an accurate label for the instance with a relative low cost. Experiments on both UCI and real crowdsourcing data sets demonstrate the superiority of our proposed approach on selecting cost-effective queries.
Multi-biometric templates using fingerprint and voice

As biometrics gains popularity, there is an increasing concern about privacy and misuse of biometric data held in central repositories. Furthermore, biometric verification systems face challenges arising from noise and intra-class variations. To tackle both problems, a multimodal biometric verification system combining fingerprint and voice modalities is proposed. The system combines the two modalities at the template level, using multibiometric templates. The fusion of fingerprint and voice data successfully diminishes privacy concerns by hiding the minutiae points from the fingerprint, among the artificial points generated by the features obtained from the spoken utterance of the speaker. Equal error rates are observed to be under 2% for the system where 600 utterances from 30 people have been processed and fused with a database of 400 fingerprints from 200 individuals. Accuracy is increased compared to the previous results for voice verification over the same speaker database.
Socio-technical Systems Theory and Environmental Sustainability

This paper argues for the relevance and utility of socio-technical systems theory for designing solutions to the challenges we face from climate change and managing the impact of human activity on the environment. Socio-technical systems theory defines systems as a collection of messy, complex, problem-solving components. This paper identifies two elements of socio-technical systems theory most relevant to encouraging environmental sustainability. The first is the concept of a system goal and its impact on the activities of the system. The current goal of our global economy is ever increasing consumption. Therefore we need to redirect the goal towards environmentally sustainable development. The second element identified is the role of the feedback loop, which provides information that compares the actual outcome of the system to the desired system goal. This paper presents an example of effective feedback mechanisms, illustrated by the work of OPOWER, which offers energy efficiency and smart grid technology services. This paper argues that a socio-technical approach to the problem of environmental sustainability will lead to better outcomes. IS professionals therefore have a critical skill set, a fluency with socio-technical concepts as well as systems design, that can be applied to the creation of information systems in support of environmental sustainability.
Histological examination of the effects of corticosterone in larvae of the western toad, Bufo boreas (Anura: Bufonidae), and the oriental fire‐bellied toad, Bombina orientalis (Anura: Discoglossidae)

The effects of corticosterone (CORT)‐treatment on various tissues were examined in two species of anuran larvae, the discoglossid Bombina orientalis, and the bufonid Bufo boreas. Corticosterone was administered directly into aquarium water for 15 days. After treatment, histological analyses were conducted on skin, gut, spleen, thymus, and neural and muscle tissue. Corticosterone treatment prevented sloughing of the skin, which resulted in a build‐up of stratum corneum, and inhibited the development of gland nests and the subsequent formation of dermal granular and mucous glands in both species. Corticosterone treatment also decreased epithelial folding in the gut and caused vesiculation of the gut epithelial cells. The thymus of CORT‐treated animals was significantly reduced in size (P < .05) and cell density (P < .05), and the spleen of CORT‐treated animals was completely involuted. The brain and pituitary of CORT‐treated animals had a decreased cell density (P < .05) and many pyknotic cells. An examination of muscle revealed that muscle fibers of CORT‐treated animals had a decreased cross‐sectional area (P < .05). The dose of CORT used (1.1 μM) was within the range used in other studies in the literature and resulted in tissue levels within the range experienced by larvae at metamorphic climax. Thus, this study is appropriate to address the histological effects of CORT in experimental manipulations and the role of increasing CORT at metamorphic climax. The data suggest that increasing endogenous CORT at metamorphosis may be involved in degeneration of larval tissue, prior to regeneration, which is stimulated by thyroid hormones. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary cutaneous umbilical endometriosis.

INTRODUCTION Primary umbilical endometriosis a rare case. It is mostly seen in women in the reproductive age group. CASE REPORT In this case report, a 38 year old woman is discussed who received antibiotherapy for omphalitis diagnosis established due to many complaints of umbilical secretion but who was diagnosed with primary umbilical endometriosis after histopathological examination. CONCLUSION Endometriosis must be certainly considered in differential diagnosis in especially inflammatory lesions resistant to noncyclic treatment, determined in umbilical region.
N-(4-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide

In the title molecule, C12H17NO2, the amide (N—C=O) plane is oriented at an angle of 33.9 (1)° with respect to the aromatic ring. This is accompanied by an intramolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond. The methoxy group lies almost in the plane of the benzene ring [C–O–C–C torsion angle = 2.7 (2)°]. In the crystal structure, intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into chains along [010].
Venture Capital

This section explores the role of venture capital in financing innovation and helping build innovative businesses. It provides a description of what venture capital is and how it works and its advantages and disadvantages. It then outlines the different types of policy instruments used (government funds, co-investment funds, fund-of-funds models) and provides examples of successful, and relatively less successful, interventions.
Conceptions of Risk in the Lives of Club Drug-Using Youth

This paper describes current patterns of club drug use and local conceptions of risk among New York City area youth. The data is drawn from a NIDA-funded ethnographic study of club drug initiation among “Bridge and Tunnel” youth. The paper entails an examination of the harmony and discontinuity between folk models of risk within this population and professional models of risk. The author explores how club drug-using youth conceive of risks related to club drug use, specifically ecstasy, and how such conceptions compare and contrast with current professional models of risk. These conceptions of risk are crucial to understand, as they form an informal logic by which club drug practices are guided. Ultimately, the author examines how the relationship between folk models and professional models might inform health promotion efforts targeting youth.