Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EGR1 transcriptional control of human cytomegalovirus latency

Sustained phosphotinositide3-kinase (PI3K) signaling is critical to the maintenance of herpesvirus latency. We have previously shown that the beta-herpesvirus, human cytomegalovirus (CMV), regulates epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), upstream of PI3K, to control states of latency and reactivation. Inhibition of EGFR signaling enhances CMV reactivation from latency and increases viral replication, but the mechanisms by which EGFR impacts replication and latency is not known. We demonstrate that HCMV downregulates MEK/ERK and AKT phosphorylation, but not STAT3 or PLCγ for productive replication. Similarly, inhibition of either MEK/ERK or PI3K/AKT, but not STAT or PLCγ, pathways increases viral reactivation from latently infected CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), defining a role for these pathways in latency. We hypothesized that CMV modulation of EGFR signaling might impact viral transcription. Indeed, EGF-stimulation increased expression of the UL138 latency gene, but not immediate early or early viral genes, suggesting that EGFR signaling promotes latent gene expression. The early growth response-1 (EGR1) transcription factor is induced downstream of EGFR signaling through both PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK pathways. EGR1 expression is important for the maintenance of HPC stemness and its downregulation drives HPC differentiation and mobilization. We demonstrate that EGR1 binds upstream of UL138 and is sufficient to promote UL138 expression. Further, disruption of EGR1 binding upstream of UL138 prevented CMV from establishing a latent infection in CD34+ HPCs. Our results indicate a model whereby UL138 modulation of EGFR signaling feeds back to promote UL138 expression and suppression of replication to establish or maintain viral quiescence. AUTHOR SUMMARY CMV regulates EGFR signaling to balance states of viral latency and replication. CMV blocks downstream PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling pathways through down-regulation of EGFR at the plasma membrane. PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling increases expression of the EGR1 transcription factor that is necessary for the maintenance of stem cell stemness. A decrease in EGR1 expression promotes HPC mobilization to the periphery and differentiation, a known stimulus for CMV reactivation. We identified functional EGR1 binding sites upstream of the UL138 gene and EGR-1 binding stimulates UL138 expression. Additionally, down-regulation of EGR1 by CMV miR-US22 decreases UL138 expression emphasizing the importance of this transcription factor in expression of this latency gene. Lastly, we demonstrate that a CMV mutant virus lacking an upstream EGR1 binding site is unable to establish latency in CD34+ HPCs. This study defines one mechanism by which EGFR signaling impacts viral gene expression to promote CMV latency.
Discrete-time observer design for sensorless synchronous motor drives

This paper deals with the speed and position estimation of interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) and synchronous reluctance motor (SyRM) drives. A speed-adaptive full-order observer is designed and analyzed in the discrete-time domain. The observer design is based on the exact discrete-time motor model, which inherently takes the delays in the control system into account. The proposed observer is experimentally evaluated using a 6.7-kW SyRM drive. The analysis and experimental results indicate that drastic performance improvements can be obtained with the direct discrete-time design, especially if the sampling frequency is relatively low compared to the fundamental frequency.
Online appendix 1:Vegetation of the eastern communal conservancies in Namibia: I. Phytosociological descriptions

Since Namibia’s independence there has been a substantial increase in efforts to develop the country’s communal farming areas. Many of these areas have been, and still are, subjected to poor and indifferent management practices resulting from a lack of sound ecological (baseline) data and hence a poor understanding especially of the vegetation resource base – its biodiversity, dynamics, possibilities of utilisation and its limitations (Hines 1992; Mendelsohn et al. 2002). This is also the case when looking at the communal lands in eastern Namibia, which consist of what was formerly known as Bushmanland, Hereroland West and Hereroland East. A phytosociological study on the vegetation of Bushmanland (part of the present Tsumkwe district) was conducted by Hines (1992). Information regarding the vegetation of the former Hereroland could thus far only be approximated from the preliminary vegetation map of Namibia (Giess 1998), as well as the Relative homogenous farming areas report (Department Landbou Tegniese Dienste 1979). The above report lists farming possibilities and constraints of the commercial farming area and includes a grazing-capacity map based on expert opinion. This map has been found to be outdated (Espach, Lubbe & Ganzin 2006; Lubbe 2005) mainly because the concept of carrying capacity has since changed from a fixed rate per area to a biomass concept, which is an (annually changing) estimate of the amount of fodder produced during the previous season’s rainfall (Bester 1988; Espach et al. 2006; Espach, Lubbe & Ganzin 2010). The preliminary vegetation map of Namibia is regarded as relatively accurate as far as the delineation of vegetation types is concerned, but some anomalies have been found. Furthermore, its descriptions of Namibian vegetation types are very basic. Both publications were based on limited observations and some photographic records, but no actual ecological surveys were conducted when they were compiled. Few attempts have since been undertaken to describe the vegetation of Namibia further (Burke & Strohbach 2000; Strohbach & Jürgens 2010). Page 1 of 18
VAST Challenge 2014: The Kronos Incident-Mini-Challenge 3

The leaders of GAStech are celebrating their new found fortune as a result of the initial public offering of their very successful company, in the city of Abila, at the island country of Kronos. In the midst of this celebration, several employees of GAStech go missing. An organization known as the Protectors of Kronos is suspected in the disappearance. It is January 23, 2014, and the employees have been missing for three days. VAST 2014, Mini-Challenge 3 poses a streaming analysis challenge, with access to real-time feeds of microblogs and emergency calls, to identify what is happening in Abila and find the missing employees.
Activity-related dyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: physical and psychological consequences, unmet needs, and future directions

Abstract Dyspnea is a distressing, debilitating, and near-ubiquitous symptom affecting patients with COPD. In addition to the functional consequences of dyspnea, which include activity limitation and reduced exercise tolerance, it is important to consider its psychological impact on patients with COPD, such as onset of depression or anxiety. Moreover, the anticipation of dyspnea itself can have a significant effect on patients’ emotions and behavior, with patients frequently self-limiting physical activity to avoid what has become the hallmark symptom of COPD. Dyspnea is, therefore, a key target for COPD treatments. Pharmacologic treatments can optimize respiratory mechanics, provide symptom relief, and reduce patients’ increased inspiratory neural drive to breathe. However, it is important to acknowledge the value of non-pharmacologic interventions, such as pulmonary rehabilitation and patient self-management education, which have proven to be invaluable tools for targeting the affective components of dyspnea. Furthermore, it is important to encourage maintenance of physical activity to optimize long-term patient outcomes. Here, we review the physiological and psychological consequences of activity-related dyspnea in COPD, assess the efficacy of modern management strategies in improving this common respiratory symptom, and discuss key unmet clinical and research needs that warrant further immediate attention.
Observer-Based Backstepping Fault-tolerant Control for Spacecraft with Reaction-wheel Failures

In this paper, nonlinear satellite system with actuator faults is considered. To solve the problem of attitude stabilization of satellite under external disturbances and actuator faults, an observer is designed firstly. And the output of the observer is proved to be uniformly ultimately bounded. By using the estimated information of the observer, a backstepping fault-tolerant controller is derived. The proposed controller could achieve attitude stabilization in the presence of actuator faults. Finally, a simulation of attitude stabilization is carried out to illustrate effective of the fault-tolerant controller
Limits of Reliable Communication with Low Probability of Detection on AWGN Channels

We present a square root limit on the amount of information transmitted reliably and with low probability of detection (LPD) over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. Specifically, if the transmitter has AWGN channels to an intended receiver and a warden, both with non-zero noise power, we prove that o(√n) bits can be sent from the transmitter to the receiver in n channel uses while lower-bounding α + β ≥ 1-ε for any ε > 0, where α and β respectively denote the warden's probabilities of a false alarm when the sender is not transmitting and a missed detection when the sender is transmitting. Moreover, in most practical scenarios, a lower bound on the noise power on the channel between the transmitter and the warden is known and O(√n) bits can be sent in n LPD channel uses. Conversely, attempting to transmit more than O(√n) bits either results in detection by the warden with probability one or a non-zero probability of decoding error at the receiver as n→∞.
Position self-sensing evaluation of a FI-IPMSM based on high frequency signal injection methods

The flux intensified, interior permanent magnet synchronous machine, FI-IPMSM, lends itself to designing for good self-sensing properties. This paper begins by evaluating the self-sensing position estimation performance of a suitably designed FI-IPMSM machine using different high frequency injection methods. The paper then proposes a new rotor position estimation method for square wave injection. The experiment results show that the estimation accuracy and system robustness is greatly improved by the proposed method. It is known that secondary saliencies and saliency offset caused by the saturation of the machine can degrade the estimation accuracy. This paper also includes modeling, measurement, and decoupling methods that mitigate these undesirable effects, which are also implemented using an experimental FI-IPMSM. Estimation accuracy and torque ripple caused by the injection current are examined for this FI-IPMSM. Comparisons of the methods are presented.
Successful Use Case Applications of Artificial Intelligence in the Steel Industry

Marco Ometto executive vice president, B.U. Digi&Met, Danieli Automation S.p.A. , Buttrio, Italy m.ometto@dca.it Digital technologies are transforming industry at all levels. Steel has the opportunity to lead all heavy industries as an early adopter of specific digital technologies to improve our sustainability and competitiveness. This column is part of AIST’s strategy to become the epicenter for steel’s digital transformation, by providing a variety of platforms to showcase and disseminate Industry 4.0 knowledge specific for steel manufacturing, from big-picture concepts to specific processes. Successful Use Case Applications of Artificial Intelligence in the Steel Industry
Herbicide Mixtures Containing BAS 9052 for Weed Control in Flax (Linum usitatissimum)

There was no antagonism between dalapon (2,2-dichloropropionic acid) or TCA (trichloroacetic acid) and BAS 9052 {2 - [1 -(ethoxyimino)butyl] - 5 - [2 -(ethylthio) -propyl] -3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} at 0.3 kg/ha for control of volunteer barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Bonanza’) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ‘Neepawa’) in flax (Linum usitatissimum L. ‘Dufferin’). However, MCPA {[(4-chloro-o - tolyl)oxy] acetic acid} amine at 0.2 to 0.6 kg/ha had an antagonistic effect on BAS 9052, especially at 0.1 kg/ha, for control of wild oat (Avena fatua L.). BAS 9052 at 0.3 kg/ha overcame this antagonistic effect of MCPA. Field results confirmed that wild oat control with BAS 9052 at 0.3 kg/ha was not reduced by the mixtures with each of four broadleaf weed herbicides at 0.6 kg/ha. The mixtures gave excellent control of grass and broadleaf weeds. Flax seed yields were five times that of the unsprayed check and were equal to the yield of the handweeded treatment.
Sharp Inequalities for <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$f$</tex> </formula>-Divergences

f-divergences are a general class of divergences between probability measures which include as special cases many commonly used divergences in probability, mathematical statistics, and information theory such as Kullback-Leibler divergence, chi-squared divergence, squared Hellinger distance, total variation distance, and so on. In this paper, we study the problem of maximizing or minimizing an f-divergence between two probability measures subject to a finite number of constraints on other f-divergences. We show that these infinite-dimensional optimization problems can all be reduced to optimization problems over small finite dimensional spaces which are tractable. Our results lead to a comprehensive and unified treatment of the problem of obtaining sharp inequalities between f-divergences. We demonstrate that many of the existing results on inequalities between f-divergences can be obtained as special cases of our results. We also improve on some existing non-sharp inequalities.
Risking innovation. Understanding risk and public service innovation—evidence from a four nation study

ABSTRACT This paper presents new evidence about the governance of risk in public service innovation. It finds that risk is currently poorly understood with public service organizations. Either it is presented as a professional issue or it is dealt with purely as an actuarial or health and safety issue. There is little understanding of risk as a core component of innovation. In response, this paper argues for a more nuanced risk governance approach that calls for transparent decision-making on risk in public service innovation in relation to its intended outcomes. IMPACT Politicians and public service managers need to understand that risk is an inherent element of innovation, because it engages with uncertain outcomes. A framework needs to be evolved to balance these risks against potential benefits and which can drive forward transparent risk governance involving politicians, public service mangers, citizens and local communities and other key stakeholders. This approach also needs to accept that failure can often by an outcome of innovation. The key here is not to maintain the blame culture that has dominate the debate to date but rather to embrace failure as an opportunity to learn and to improve public services and their outcomes.
A Bottom-Following Preview Controller for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

This paper describes a solution to the problem of bottom-following for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) that relies on the evaluation of the terrain characteristics ahead of the vehicle using echo sounders. The methodology used poses the problem as a discrete time path following control problem where a conveniently defined error state space model of the plant is augmented with bathymetric (i.e., depth) preview data. A piecewise affine parameter-dependent model representation is adopted that describes the AUV linearized error dynamics for a predefined set of operating regions. For each region, a state feedback H 2 control problem for affine parameter-dependent systems is posed and solved using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The resulting nonlinear controller is implemented as a gain-scheduled controller using the D-methodology. Simulation results obtained with a nonlinear dynamic model of the INFANTE AUV in the vertical plane are presented and discussed.
Coding for Shared Satellite Channel Communications

This paper investigates the performance and design of a two user satellite communication system. Each user is independently encoded using a structured turbo code with identical symbol interleavers. This permits turbo decoding to be performed using the combined component code trellises, which provides significant gains over independent decoding. The impact of various phase shifts between users is also considered and shows the robustness of the proposed scheme
Design of LAN Security Analysis System Based on B/S Architecture

Network security is becoming more and more important in our life, because the rate of network using is getting higher and higher, and the demands and functions of the users are increasing. So, to adapt to the dangerous network environment, prevent information from being stolen, destroyed and used, it is essential to discuss our own understanding with our own practical development and our own learning in the process of learning network security.
Plasma Actuator with Two Mesh Electrodes to Control the Flow Boundary Layer

The manuscript presents selected designs of Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma actuators used to control the flow of the boundary layer on the surface of the wing. The principle of DBD plasma actuator operation and the process of the “ion wind” formation are presented. The manuscript presents the results of the tests carried out on the sash model with the SD 7003 profile and a DBD plasma actuator with two mesh electrodes, for which tests were carried out and tunnel images were recorded.
Optimal perturbations in swept leading edge boundary layers.

The ﬂow at the leading edge of a swept wing is accurately modelled by swept Hiemenz ﬂow. At large enough sweep angles swept Hiemenz ﬂow is linearly unstable to G¨ortler Hammerlin (GH) disturbances, which are essentially two dimensional. Obrist and Schmid (2003) have shown that even at moderate sweep angles at which the ﬂow is linearly stable, GH disturbances may be considerably ampliﬁed on short time scales. The goal of the present thesis is to quantify transient growth phenomena in swept Hiemenz ﬂow and study the underlying physical mechanisms. GH perturbations are used as a model problem to set up and validate a very general gradient-based optimization algorithm. Temporal ampliﬁcation of up to three orders of magnitude has been observed in GH disturbances, which is due to an analogue of the well-known two-dimensional Orr mechanism in two-dimensional shear ﬂows. The optimal ampliﬁcation of temporal disturbances has been observed for counter rotating spanwise vortices that do not satisfy the GH assumption; the ampliﬁcation mechanism could be linked with the classical lift-up mechanism. Transient spatial energy growth in the spanwise direction has also been investigated. The results in terms of optimal spatial disturbances, spatial energy ampliﬁcation and the underly- ing mechanism have been successfully linked with lift-up induced spatial growth in two-dimensional Blasius boundary layers.
You Break It, You Buy It: The Naiveté of Social Engineering in Tech – And How to Fix It

Facebook’s mission statement promises to “give people the power to build community and bring the world closer together” (Zuckerberg, 2017a), and in his commencement speech to the Harvard class of 2017, CEO and founder Mark Zuckerberg spoke about his dream, even in college, of connecting the whole world (Zuckerberg, 2017b). What becomes increasingly clear with each revelatory news story, is that Zuckerberg – and the leaders and engineers and designers at other tech firms like Google and Twitter – failed to see how an engineering mindset applied to achieve social goals could wreak havoc on society and democracy. Facebook is not alone in espousing social goals. Twitter aims to promote conversation – their core values statement reads, “We believe in free expression and think every voice has the power to impact the world” (Twitter Values, n.d.). WhatsApp, responsible for spreading viral misinformation that has led to mob killings in India (Goel, Raj, & Ravichandran, 2018), claims that “behind every product decision is our desire to let people communicate anywhere in the world without barriers” (WhatsApp, n.d.). Google, perhaps most ubiquitous of all, is guided by the principle “to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful” (Google, n.d.). Without exception, the tech firms that build and support these platforms – so material to our daily lives – have social goals. Understanding the social world is essential for their responsible design and implementation. Tech firms like Facebook and Google cannot achieve their stated missions without understanding the social world. However, in many cases, they have pursued these social aims without consulting social science expertise, and certainly without bringing social science into the core of their platform design. Many of the platforms do employ social scientists. Facebook is well known for the dynamic internal research it conducts, and many of these companies have top scholars on
Experimental high frequency parameter identification of AC electrical motors

In order to predict conducted electro magnetic interference (EMI) in inverter-motor drive system, high frequency (HF) motor models are requested and the involved parameters have to be available. In previous studies, the authors have presented an accurate HF model for induction motors and they have defined the procedures to identify the model parameters. In this paper these results are extended to several types and sizes of industrial AC motors such as induction, synchronous reluctance (without interior permanent magnets) and brushless motors. The model parameter identification procedure has been improved and it is based on a least-squares data fitting applied to the measured magnitude and phase frequency response curves of the phase-to-ground and the phase-to-neutral impedances. Aim of the paper is to provide quick indications to select the suitable values of the HF model parameters, with reference to the size and type of the AC motor, to evaluate the HF voltage and current components in inverted-fed AC motor systems
Supporting Interventions to Reduce Household Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Transdisciplinary Role-Playing Game Development

Background. Designing interventions for conserving the food, energy, and water nexus at household level poses a significant challenge due to the complex interplay between human behaviors, technologies, and policies. Games show potential to increase awareness for environmental issues and influence behaviors towards more sustainable practices. Aim. By bringing together scientists and practitioners in the game design process, a transdisciplinary (TD) approach is seen as a promising way to integrate available knowledge and establish ownership of the problem and solution options. Few gaming literature, however, looked at combining the two approaches in addressing resource conservation issues. Method. We present a systematic account of the TD approach process of developing a role-playing game (RPG) - called HomeRUN (Role-play for Understanding Nexus). Results. We documented our experiences in terms of challenges as well as the benefits of the TD approach. Interacting disciplines in this process include psychology, economics, engineering, climate, sociology, and computer science. Inputs from each discipline combined with feedback from social actors that include city government, utility companies, and community members facilitated continuous improvements of the RPG design.