Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of nitrogen supply and wood species on Tsuga canadensis and Betula alleghaniensis seedling growth on decaying wood

Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) in primary Michigan forests depend on decaying wood for seedling-establishment sites, but seedling densities vary across wood species (hemlock, yellow birch, and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.)). We collected seedlings and wood from a natural field experiment and conducted a companion greenhouse experiment to determine whether seedling mass and nitrogen (N) content varied with wood species and whether they were related to wood inorganic N supply. Yellow birch seedlings were largest on hemlock wood in the field (P = 0.003) and greenhouse (but P > 0.05), while hemlock seedling mass did not vary across wood species. N concentration and N mineralization rate varied by species (N concentration: hemlock yellow birch ≈ maple), but neither seedling mass nor N content was significantly correlated with wood inorganic N supply. In the greenhouse, yellow birch s.
Music Mood Player Implementation Applied In Daycare Using Self Organizing Map Method

Abstrak. Implementasi Music Mood Player Yang Diaplikasikan Pada Daycare Menggunakan Metode Self Organizing Map. Musik adalah seni, hiburan dan aktivitas manusia yang melibatkan suara-suara yang teratur. Musik berkaitan erat dengan psikologi manusia. Sepotong musik sering dikaitkan dengan kata sifat tertentu seperti senang, sedih, romantis, dsb. Keterkaitan antara musik dengan mood tertentu ini telah banyak digunakan dalam berbagai kesempatan oleh manusia, untuk itu klasifikasi musik berdasarkan keterkaitannya dengan emosi tertentu menjadi penting. Daycare merupakan salah satu lembaga yang memanfaatkan musik sebagai terapi atau sarana pendukung dalam kegiatan pengasuhan anak. Penelitian ini fokus pada implementasi music mood player menggunakan Self Organizing Map yang diaplikasikan pada Daycare. Fitur yang digunakan sebagai ciri adalah rhythm pattern dari musik tersebut. P arameter mood didapatkan dari Robert Thayerâ€™s energy-stress model yang terdiri dari exuberance / gembira, contentment / rilex, anxious / cemas dan depression. Sistem diuji dengan lagu dari berbagai genre dan mood hasil klasifikasi dibandingkan dengan mood dari pakar psikologi anak. Mood lagu dari sistem dapat diset secara otomatis disesuaikan dengan aktivitas pada daycare. Â Kata Kunci: Music Information Retrieval, Klasifikasi Mood, Klasifikasi Musik, Self Organizing Map, Rhythm Patterns. Â Abstract. Music is an art, entertainment and human activity that involve some organized sounds. Music is closely related to human psychology. A piece of music often associated with certain adjectives such as happy, sad, romantic and many more. The linkage between the music with a certain mood has been widely used in various occasions by people, there for music classification based on relevance to a particular emotion is important. Daycare is one example of an institution that used music as therapy or tools of support in each of its parenting activities. This research concerns in implementation of a music mood player using Self Organizing Map applied at the Daycare. The features that are used on this music mood player are rhythm patterns of the music. The mood parameters that used in this system is based on Robert Thayer's energy-stress model which are exuberance / happy, contentment / relax, anxious and depression. The system is tested using a set of songs with various genres and the classification results are compared with the mood obtained by child psychology expert. The system can be set automatically according to the activities at daycare. Â Keywords: Music Information Retrieval, Mood Classification, Music Classification, Self Organizing Map, Rhythm Patterns.
ARACHNIDS AS ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS

-In tliree ecological studies in the southern parts of Nevada, Idaho, and Utah, spiders of 138 species, scorpions of 10, solpugids of 29, and phalangids of 2 species were obtained by pitfall capture. Significant differences in species occurrence were noted between tlie three geographic and ecologically distinct areas. Within each geographic area, arachnids differed in species occurrence and abundance in different plant communities. Only three s[)ecies iif spiders and four species of scorpions were common to all three geographic areas. This paper summarizes species distribution of arachnids captured in can pit traps in the major plant communities of three geographic areas—southern Nevada, southern Idaho, and southern Utah — during the periods of 1959 to 1966, 1966 and 1967, and 1971 to 1973, respectively. Details of the equipmetit and techniques used and specific results of the studies in each area are discussed in published articles listed in the references section of this paper. The comparative results of these three studies are summarized in Tables 1 to 4. Summary Discussion Only three spiders — Calilena restricta. Euryopis scriptipes. and Haplodrassus eunis—were common to all three areas. Fifteen other species were common to Nevada and Utah, seven to Nevada and Idaho, and six to Idaho and Utah. Paruroctonus boreus was the only scorpion found in all three study areas. Four other species were common to Nevada and Utah, one to Nevada and Idaho, and one to Idaho and Utah. None of the 29 species of solpugids was found in all three areas. Two species were common to Nevada and Utah, and two to Nevada and Idaho. Apparently the habitat ]:)references of most species of these arachnids are so unique that even at similar latitudes and in similar vegetative types the environmental factors are sufficiently different to influence species occurrence. Such differences in geographic distribution may be expected more with groups such as scorpions and solpugids whose capability for migration is extremely limited, whereas spiders through their ballooning adaptations would be expected to be more widely distribtited. Within each geographic area, arachnids differ in species and abundance in relationship to the different plant communities. Where similar predatory niches are Table 1. No. of collection attempts and specimens of arachnids collected in three geographic areas.
Inflation and the household : towards a measurement of the welfare costs of inflation

This paper considers household expenditure patterns through the estimation of parametric share estimates. The parameters from these expenditure share estimates are then used to simulate the underlying income transfer (compensating variation) that would be required to offset price increases for various goods. The simulations are considered across the expenditure distribution to provide a series of estimates of the welfare effects of inflation on both poor and non-poor households. Given data limitations, preventing the estimation of substitution effects, non-poor households generally bear the brunt of inflation, primarily due to their larger expenditures. The only exception to the aforementioned generalisation is the impact that food inflation has on low expenditure households relative to high expenditure households. The results in this paper are consistent with the expectation that food inflation has a larger welfare cost to poor households than it does for non-poor households, and we are able to present an estimate of those welfare cost differences.
Interactive comment on “Seasonal and size-dependent variations in the phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing in the southern South China Sea under the influence of the East Asian monsoon” by L. Zhou et al

“General comments: This paper is an ordinary study that reports the results of dilution experiments and discusses every point relevant with the results. The study area is interesting and was indeed not often investigated before. There are some of the weak points that I need to address before recommending for publication for ‘Biogeosciences’. The data themselves are certainly useful (although some of the nutrient and growth rate data seem weird as I discuss below). But, unfortunately, there are no data for microzooplankton biomass. The approach of analysis is crude and breaks down sometimes (certainly needs improvement). Some of the discussions are interesting, but some are unfounded and highly speculative. I would suggest narrowing down to one or two main points. ”
The satisfaction of the usage of electronic commerce applications among companies in Johor Bharu

This study examines the level of satisfaction of the usage of e-commerce applications among companies in Johor Bahru. To explore the issue, a set of questionnaires was distributed among the companies that have already implemented e-commerce.The finding shows that the majority of the companies are satisfied with the e-commerce applications.Almost all of the companies mentioned that e-commerce has the empathy, tangibility, responsiveness,reliability and assurance criteria with the last two criteria being the most profound. This significant finding will encourage other companies to use e-commerce applications in their business transactions.
Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) in Stratifying Risk of Thyroid Malignancy at The Medical City

Objective To determine the accuracy of Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) in detecting thyroid malignancy, determine risk of malignancy in each TIRADS category and determine the ultrasound characteristics associated with malignancy. Methodology This is a retrospective cross-sectional study involving patients who underwent ultrasound, thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and thyroidectomy at The Medical City from January 2014 to December 2015. Ultrasound reports were retrieved and reviewed by two radiologists on separate occasions who were blinded to the cytopathology and histopathology results. The histopathology reports were correlated with ultrasound features to determine features associated with malignancy. Stata SE 12 was used for data analysis. TIRADS sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values and negative predictive values and accuracy were calculated. Results 149 patients with thyroid nodules were included. Solid composition is the ultrasound feature predictive of malignancy with adjusted OR 4.912 (95% Cl 1.3257 to 18.2011, p=0.017). The risk of malignancy for TIRADS categories 3, 4a, 4b, 4c and 5 were 12.50%, 12.82%, 26.19%, 53.70% and 66.67%, respectively. The Crude OR (95% CI) for TIRADS 4a, 4b, 4c and 5 were 1.03 (0.10 to 10.23), 2.48 (0.27 to 22.54), 8.12 (0.93 to 70.59) and 14.0 (0.94 to 207.60), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of TIRADS in relation to surgical histopathology report were 98.00%, 7.07%, 34.75%, 87.50%, and 53% respectively in TIRADS categories 4 and 5. Conclusion This study showed that a solid nodule is the most frequent ultrasound feature predictive of thyroid malignancy. Higher TIRADS classification is associated with higher risk of thyroid malignancy. TIRADS is a sensitive classification in recognizing patients with thyroid cancer.
A Graph Model for Recommender Systems

With the constant enlargement of the scope and coverage of the Internet, the traditional search algorithms just help to filter data, without considering the needs of individuals. Therefore, various recommender systems employing different data representations and recommendation methods are currently used to cope with these challenges. In this paper, inspired by the network-based user-item rating matrix, we introduce an improved algorithm which combines the similarity of items with a dynamic resource allocation process. To demonstrate its accuracy and usefulness, this paper compares the proposed algorithm with collaborative filtering algorithm using data from MovieLens, and finally verifies the results. The evaluation shows that, the improved recommendation algorithm based on graph model achieves more accurate predictions and more reasonable recommendation than collaborative filtering algorithm or the basic graph model algorithm does. Meanwhile, the algorithm can effectively mitigate the sparse of the rating matrix. Keywords-recommender systems;graph model; collaborative filtering; resource allocation matrix
Keyword Search over Probabilistic XML Documents Based on Node Classification

This paper describes a keyword search measure on probabilistic XML data based on ELM (extreme learning machine). We use this method to carry out keyword search on probabilistic XML data. A probabilistic XML document differs from a traditional XML document to realize keyword search in the consideration of possible world semantics. A probabilistic XML document can be seen as a set of nodes consisting of ordinary nodes and distributional nodes. ELM has good performance in text classification applications. As the typical semistructured data; the label of XML data possesses the function of definition itself. Label and context of the node can be seen as the text data of this node. ELM offers significant advantages such as fast learning speed, ease of implementation, and effective node classification. Set intersection can compute SLCA quickly in the node sets which is classified by using ELM. In this paper, we adopt ELM to classify nodes and compute probability. We propose two algorithms that are based on ELM and probability threshold to improve the overall performance. The experimental results verify the benefits of our methods according to various evaluation metrics.
Conventional and unconventional balance sheet practices and their impact on currency stability

The principal objective of this study is to examine the different policy implications of balance sheet expansion and the impact on currency stability on a monthly basis. Balance sheets can evolve due to conventional and unconventional monetary practices, generally through foreign exchange reserve policies or by qualitative and quantitative easing. Monetary policy instruments are measured by different balance sheet ratios. Currency stability is captured by two methods, one focuses on monthly number of extreme currency fluctuations through the contravention of normal distribution at tails, and another utilises conditional volatility. The sample contains seven European central banks between 2006 and 2014: one manages a key currency, four has a safe haven currency while two of them are considered as an emerging currency. The key currency issuer central bank presented a significant interaction between its balance sheet ratios and currency stability only, where monetary expansion calmed its currency market.
A plant binary vector with an antisense soybean UDP-glucose dehydrogenase gene

Soybean seeds are a valuable food and feed source because of their high protein and oil content. Conventional breeding has had limited success in increasing both oil and protein. Reducing the amount of cell wall polysaccharide in soybean seed could allow higher protein and oil content, thus increasing their economic value. UDP-glucose dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in cell wall polysaccharide synthesis. To investigate the role of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase in seed development, a transgenic approach was initiated. A new binary vector has been constructed for soybean transformation that has the following features: i) the selectable marker hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt); ii) placement of the selectable marker adjacent to the T-DNA left border and, iii) an antisense copy of the UDP-glucose dehydrogenase gene driven by the seed-specific vicilin promoter. This genetic construct was engineered to suppress the expression of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase in soybean seeds.
Entering PIN codes by smooth pursuit eye movements

Despite its potential gaze interaction is still not a widely-used interaction concept. Major drawbacks as the calibration, strain of the eyes and the high number of false alarms are associated with gaze based interaction and limit its practicability for every-day human computer interaction. In this paper two experiments are described which use smooth pursuit eye movements on moving display buttons. The first experiment was conducted to extract an easy and fast interaction concept and at the same time to collect data to develop a specific but robust algorithm. In a follow-up experiment, twelve conventionally calibrated participants interacted successfully with the system. For another group of twelve people the eye tracker was not calibrated individually, but on a third person. Results show that for both groups interaction was possible without false alarms. Both groups rated the user experience of the system as positive.
Composition and diversity of anurans from rock outcrops in the Caatinga Biome, Brazil

We provide a list of anurans from an open area of Caatinga stricto sensu , state of Ceara, Brazil. Fieldwork was conducted from July 2010 to July 2011 by sampling the reproductive sites. In total, 19 frog species were recorded, distributed in 13 genera and five families. The number of species found in our study represents 34.5% of the 55 anurans registered for the state of Ceara. The recorded anurofauna is widely distributed and is typical of open areas. One of the species found in our work is more associated with the Cerrado biome ( D. rubincundulus ). The group of species we recorded represents a subset of the species pool of the Caatinga. Our paper contributes to the knowledge of lowland Caatinga sites outside protected areas
Committed retreat of Smith, Pope, and Kohler Glaciers over the next 30 years inferred by transient model calibration

Abstract. A glacial flow model of Smith, Pope and Kohler Glaciers is calibrated by means of control methods against time varying, annually resolved observations of ice height and velocities, covering the period 2002 to 2011. The inversion – termed "transient calibration" – produces an optimal set of time-mean, spatially varying parameters together with a time-evolving state that accounts for the transient nature of observations and the model dynamics. Serving as an optimal initial condition, the estimated state for 2011 is used, with no additional forcing, for predicting grounded ice volume loss and grounding line retreat over the ensuing 30 years. The transiently calibrated model predicts a near-steady loss of grounded ice volume of approximately 21 km3 a−1 over this period, as well as loss of 33 km2 a−1 grounded area. We contrast this prediction with one obtained following a commonly used "snapshot" or steady-state inversion, which does not consider time dependence and assumes all observations to be contemporaneous. Transient calibration is shown to achieve a better fit with observations of thinning and grounding line retreat histories, and yields a quantitatively different projection with respect to ice volume loss and ungrounding. Sensitivity studies suggest large near-future levels of unforced, i.e., committed sea level contribution from these ice streams under reasonable assumptions regarding uncertainties of the unknown parameters.
THE ROLE OF REGULATORY AUTHORITY IN AFFECTING FIRM PERFORMANCE

This paper examines the role of regulatory authority in affecting the performance or value of a firm. The study has used panel data of 120 companies for the years 2000 to 2003 for developing (Malaysia) and developed (Australia) financial markets. The findings of the study suggest that there is a positive relationship between the regulatory authority efficiency and the financial health of a firm. The dual leadership structure results in the value creation for shareholders in these markets as the regulatory authorities force independent CEO to defend the rights of shareholders. On the contrary, the external regime in these markets cannot manage the agency cost of debt as the free cash flow is not utilised efficiently to resolve the principal (shareholders) and agent (managers) conflicts in these markets. Finally, the effectiveness of regulatory authorities results in higher information efficiency and optimal utilisation of assets in the market leading to defending the rights of shareholders.
Interpretation of binding kinetics in fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments using a novel stochastic simulation strategy

Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) has been extensively used for monitoring the binding kinetics of proteins with a goal to investigate the cellular processes, such as transcriptional regulation, cell membrane diffusion and signal transduction. In this study, a new approach for the interpretation of FRAP curves is presented based on the stochastic simulation of binding kinetics. The proposed method considers that proteins (a) randomly diffuse in a Brownian random-walk manner and (b) react with certain probability with compatible empty binding sites in a homogeneous well-stirred chemical environment. The proposed algorithm was compared with standard deterministic methods that are currently being used for analysis of FRAP curves. Predictions of recovery times of FRAP curves and sum of residuals revealed a good agreement. The stochastic simulation algorithm presents a firmer physical basis than its deterministic counterparts and it might be used to successfully model probabilistic events in the cell, deciphering information in FRAP experiments that cannot be computed using deterministic models.
Announcers and confessors: How people self-disclose depression in health panels

Focus groups can be used to explore sensitive topics and have been found to increase the likelihood and depth of disclosure of personal and sensitive information in comparison to individual interviews. This article focuses on how people make self-disclosures in group research settings, specifically self-disclosure of depression. Data was collected from twelve health panel groups, held in Somerset, England. Health panels are a focus group-based method where members of the public are brought together to discuss a variety of topics including sensitive ones. The topic discussed by the health panel was attitudes to help-seeking for stress and depression. In this paper I conceptualize two new types of discloser—which I term “announcers” and “confessors” and illustrate how normalizing language can facilitate disclosures. This study has important implications for focus group-based research and for health professionals who deal with stigmatized conditions such as depression.
Antibiogram and plasmid profiling of E.coli isolated from cattle

Escherichia coli are a member of the genus Escherichia within the family Enterobacteriaceae and are comprised of mostly motile, gram negative bacilli. In this study, 40 faecal samples were collected from cattle, which were confirmed by the biochemical test. The antimicrobial susceptibility was tested for all the 40 E.coli isolates towards 18 antibiotics. The resistance was observed commonly to fostomycin, piperacillin, nalidixic acid, amoxyclav, ampicillin, aztreonam, and ceftazidime. Plasmid profiling of the samples were also performed. Key words: E.coli, Antibiotic resistance, plasmids, multidrug resistance.
183-203 GARBELOTTO.indd

Biological invasions by plants and animals have been the subject of several review papers, but invasions by plant pathogens have only occasionally been described and reviewed. The present paper discusses exotic plant diseases whose epidemiology has been clarifi ed using molecular analysis. Because the list of all exotic plant diseases is quite large, this review focuses on forest diseases caused by exotic microbes in Mediterranean ecosystems. In particular, the contribution of molecular studies on exotic forest diseases in favor of or against general invasion biology theory is highlighted. The review follows different phases of the invasion process, giving examples of particular diseases/pathogens for which characteristics have been analyzed.