Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic distribution, allelic diversity and degree of differentiation at ABO and Rh loci in the population of Haripur district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Haripur is the main Hindko speaking district in Hazara division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. To get a preliminary insight into the genetic structure of Haripur population, we have employed immunogentic markers of ABO and Rh loci. During the course of five years (2006-2010), phenotypic record of 2,140 donors and 2,099 patients was ascertained from the District Headquarter Hospital Haripur. In the donors, the percentages of blood groups ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘AB’ and ‘O’ were observed to be 20.75, 34.39, 5.84, and 39.02, respectively, while Rh(-) type was 10.14%. The frequencies of alleles p[A], q[B] and r[O] at the ABO locus were established to be 0.1436, 0.2275, and 0.6289, respectively, and Rh[d] allele at Rh locus was calculated to be 0.3184. Collectively, the samples of donors and patients were in conformity with Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. Gene diversity analyses revealed that heterozygosity at subpopulation level (HS) was not depleted from the overall heterozygosity (HT) and hence, coefficient of differentiation and absolute gene diversity were not significant (GST =0.0026, DST =0.0012; respectively). Curiously however, there was marked difference at the phenotypic proportions, allelic frequencies and heterozygosities at the studied polymorphisms when gender specific data were considered. Differentiation was very high in the sample obtained from female patients compared to males (0.0067 vs. 0.0027), resulting in very high absolute gene diversity and more stratification in the female sample compared to males (0.0030 vs. 0.0014). The specific reasons for this discrepancy remained unknown, but it is quite likely that there were differences in the ascertainment of male and female patients in the hospital. The estimation of Nei’s genetic distance demonstrated that the Haripur sample was closer to Swat and Rawalpindi populations than the Swabi, Peshawar and Abbotabad. This pilot study highlights various interesting aspects of Haripur population. Further studies through microsatellite markers are required to fully understand the dynamics of this population.
Computational Layout Design for Keyboards with Multi-Letter Keys

Yu-Hao Lin Computer Science Department Stony Brook University Stony Brook, NY, USA yuhalin@cs.stonybrook. edu Abstract Keyboards with multi-letter keys (i.e., a key corresponds to multiple letters) have been commonly used on small touchscreen devices to mitigate the problem of tapping tiny keys with imprecise finger touch (e.g., T9 keyboard). We have proposed a computational approach to designing optimal multi-letter key layouts by considering three key factors: clarity, speed, and learnability. In particular, we have devised a clarity metric to model the word collisions (i.e., words with identical tapping sequences), used the Fitts-Digraph model to predict speed, and introduced a Qwerty-bounded constraint to ensure high learnability. Founded upon rigorous mathematical optimization, our investigation led to Qwerty-bounded T9-like (i.e., 3× 3) layouts optimized for both clarity and speed. A preliminary user study showed promising performance of such keyboards.
Molecular hydrogen emission in the interstellar medium of the Large Magellanic Cloud

We present the detection and analysis of molecular hydrogen emission toward ten interstellar regions in the Large Magellanic Cloud. We examined low-resolution infrared spectral maps of twelve regions obtained with the Spitzer infrared spectrograph (IRS). The pure rotational 0--0 transitions of H$_2$ at 28.2 and 17.1${\,\rm \mu m}$ are detected in the IRS spectra for ten regions. The higher level transitions are mostly upper limit measurements except for three regions, where a 3$\sigma$ detection threshold is achieved for lines at 12.2 and 8.6${\,\rm \mu m}$. The excitation diagrams of the detected H$_2$ transitions are used to determine the warm H$_2$ gas column density and temperature. The single-temperature fits through the lower transition lines give temperatures in the range $86-137\,{\rm K}$. The bulk of the excited H$_2$ gas is found at these temperatures and contributes $\sim$5-17% to the total gas mass. We find a tight correlation of the H$_2$ surface brightness with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and total infrared emission, which is a clear indication of photo-electric heating in photodissociation regions. We find the excitation of H$_2$ by this process is equally efficient in both atomic and molecular dominated regions. We also present the correlation of the warm H$_2$ physical conditions with dust properties. The warm H$_2$ mass fraction and excitation temperature show positive correlations with the average starlight intensity, again supporting H$_2$ excitation in photodissociation regions.
Jovian Vortices and Jets

We explore the theory of isolated vortices in strongly sheared, deep zonal flows and the stability of these banded jets, as occur in Jupiter’s atmosphere This is done using the standard 2-layer quasigeostrophic model with the lower layer depth becoming infinite; however, this model differs from the usual layer model because the lower layer is not assumed to be motionless but has a steady configuration of alternating zonal flows. Steady state vortices are obtained by a simulated annealing computational method as generalized to fluid problems with constraints and also used in the used in the context of magnetohydrodynamics. Various cases of vortices with a constant potential vorticity anomaly atop zonal winds and the stability of the underlying winds are considered using a mix of computational and analytical techniques.
Perceptions of Postgraduate Medical Students towards Basic Science Subjects in their Curriculum

Basic science knowledge is essential to medical practice as, the diagnostic and therapeutic modalities have expanded beyond horizon. Medical curriculum for postgraduates expects them to integrate knowledge of basic science with clinical subjects which have to be highlighted. This study explored the perceptions of postgraduates of our medical college regarding the quality and relevance of basic science classes to their curriculum and their retention of knowledge using questionnaire and paper based assessment. About 73% of the students were unaware of the basic science orientation classes during their post graduation . 70% of the students felt that the topics covered during the sessions were relevant to their specialities. 62% of the students gave overall positive feedback on the sessions.80% of the students wanted to suggest certain topics in the sessions. This study emphasizes many aspects of the curriculum the faculty needs to address in order to prepare postgraduates effectively and efficiently for clinical work.
Spectroscopic characteristics of synthetic olivine: An integrated multi-wavelength and multi-technique approach

Abstract Spectroscopic measurements have been made of two suites of olivine minerals synthesized under slightly different conditions in 5-10 mol% increments across the solid solution from forsterite to fayalite. Here, we present Mössbauer results for the entire Fe-Mg olivine suite, as well as the results for only the fayalite end-member as an introduction to our team’s other diverse spectral-analysis techniques and data that will be presented in forthcoming papers. Experimental methods used to synthesize both suites of samples are discussed here in detail, along with specifics of the analytical techniques used to study them. Electron microprobe data and Mössbauer spectra acquired at 293 K across the solid solution are presented first to characterize and address the presence of impurities in the broad suite of samples that may affect other spectroscopic methods. We then focus specifically on the fayalite end-member to illustrate its properties using multiple techniques. Fayalite is an especially important phase for different types of spectroscopy because, by definition, it contains an equal distribution of Fe2+ cations between the M1 and M2 octahedral sites. Thus, features associated with each of the two sites must represent equal numbers of Fe2+ cations, removing uncertainties associated with assumptions about order/disorder of Fe2+ and other cations. Mössbauer, Raman, thermal emission, attenuated total reflectance (ATR), specular reflectance, and visible to mid-infrared total reflectance studies are presented for fayalite. These include calculation of mid-infrared optical constants (n and k) and fundamental Mössbauer parameters: intrinsic isomer shift (δI), Mössbauer temperature (θM), and recoil-free fraction (f). Data from the different techniques are described and related, demonstrating the importance of multi-wavelength data to provide a complete characterization and understanding of the spectroscopic features in fayalite.
Life-long Learning Perception using Cloud Database Technology

Autonomous mobile robots in household environments have to cope with many different kinds of objects which they must detect, recognize, and manipulate. Over their lifetime, the robots must adapt to new objects and incorporate new perception methods. In this paper we present a system for life-long learning of training data and perception method parameters using a document-oriented, schema-less database technology that is typically used in cloud computing applications. Not only can a single robot extend and increase its data volume continuously over time, but it can also potentially share this very dataset with multiple other robots through the cloud.
Expression and Relative Quantification of B 29 Gene in Normal and Cancer Patients

B-cell exihibit B cell receptor or BCR, a transmembrane protein located on its surface. BCR comprises of two transmembrane proteins Igα and Igβ. Igβ (CD79B) is encoded by B29 gene. Leukaemic Bcells express low toundetectable Igs, Igβ (CD79B) proteins. Altered and aberrated B29 gene affect expression of Igβ/CD79B protein. One of the main factor of B29 gene alteration is mutation in their coding sequence. We analyzed the quantitative expression of B29 gene in leukaemic samples. Primers for B cell expression was designed using PrimerExpress 3.0 software. Designed primers were used to analyze the expression of B29 gene in different samples through ABI prism 7000 SDS system. Relative quantification of B29 gene in samples was done by 2^-ΔΔCt method. There was under expression of B29 gene in 100% of leukaemic samples. Though reason for lower gene expression in leukaemic samples was not detected yet there are number of papers reporting mutations and methylation as main cause of B29 gen alteration.
Towards a real-time aerial image mosaicing solution

Real-time aerial image mosaicing is a crucial task for future search and rescue missions. Solving the correspondence problem, estimating a valid transformation and visualizing the result is computational intensive. It becomes more challenging if the flying platform is a small micro air vehicle (MAV), which limits the available margin for payload significantly. This paper proposes a robust algorithm that is able to create and update photo maps in a fixed period of time. The approach uses a high number of features and strict match filtering to allow robust matching without additional sensor information. Subsequently the ability of todays most common single board computers (SBC) to run the presented algorithm is examined. Together with the selection of a lightweight board camera the setup is less than 100 grams allowing even small MAVs to generate maps in real-time.
Experimental study of extrinsic spin Hall effect in CuPt alloy

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore NUSNNI-Nanocore, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore Integrated Science and Engineering Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore Institute of Solid State Physics and School of Physics Science, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China *eleyang@nus.edu. sg
Plasmonic Graphene Waveguides: A Literature Review

Large research articles based on graphene have been published in various areas since 2007 due to its unique properties. Among these designed structures, graphene-based plasmonic waveguides are one of the interesting subjects in communications. In this paper, a historical review of plasmonic graphene waveguides is presented. The graphene-based waveguides can be divided into two main categories 1- rectangular and 2- cylindrical waveguides. In both categories, graphene can be only electrically biased or magnetically and electrically biased simultaneously where the conductivity of graphene becomes a tensor in the second case. Therefore, we have four main categories for plasmonic graphene waveguides which are studied and discussed more precisely in this paper.
Self-similar expansion of laser plasmas with nonlocal heat flux

A previous hydrodynamic model of the expansion of a laser-produced plasma, using classical (Spitzer) heat flux, is reconsidered with a nonlocal heat flux model. The nonlocal law is shown to be valid beyond the range of validity of the classical law, breaking down ultimately, however, in agreement with recent predictions.
Laser-Induced Spall in Silicon Carbide

Abstract : This article presents an alternative (or additional) test technique to investigate ceramic spall strength. The test uses a laser beam to produce the impact conditions for spall. The test configuration consists of a ceramic target covered by an opaque material (usually black tape) followed by a transparent material (usually water). The laser first passes through the water and vaporizes a thin layer of the black tape. The vapor absorbs the remaining laser pulse and creates a rapidly expanding plasma plume. The plume is trapped between the ceramic surface and the water creating a high-pressure, short-duration pressure pulse. The pressure pulse produces a compressive shock in the ceramic which travels through the specimen, creating a tensile (spall) stress near the rear surface after its reflection. Although there is substantial heat generated during this test, it is important to note that the applied stress is produced mechanically (like the plate-impact test) and not thermally. Some advantages of this technique are that it is relatively inexpensive to perform, the applied pressure profile (shock stress) is easily changed, the results are very reproducible, and the targets are not destroyed during testing. This paper presents a discussion of the experimental technique, including test results for silicon carbide. Computations of the experiments are also presented that further validate the JHB model and help analyze the data.
Energy Recovery from Municipal Solid Waste by Briquetting Process: Evaluation of Physical and Combustion Properties of the Fuel

This study presents an experimental production of solid waste briquettes from municipal solid waste by screw extrusion technology and piston press technology. Combustible matters present in municipal solid wastes like paper, plastic and biomass (represented by rice husk) were processed using grinders and shredders and then densified. Two varieties of Refuse derived fuel were subjected to heat (around 300 0 C) in Screw Extrusion machine while seven varieties of Selective fuel in the composition 0-70% lignite and 5-30% polyethylene by weight were densified at a constant pressure of 3.12 tons/cm 2 at room temperature in piston press briquetting machine. Lime was added to one variety to capture emissions during fuel combustion. The production and analysis of the fuel briquettes were carried out according to Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS 8811, 8812) in the Biomass laboratory of NAST at Khumaltar. It was observed that addition of waste plastic improves fuel quality of low grade coal (lignite). High temperature and high pressure is required for briquetting the mixture of plastic and paper waste. The produced fuel briquettes might be suitable for use in industrial boilers and brick kilns but suitable control measures should be applied to capture harmful emissions. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/njst.v12i0. 6508 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 238-241
Time‐Resolved Plasmonics used to On‐Line Monitor Metal/Elastomer Deposition for Low‐Voltage Dielectric Elastomer Transducers

Compliant hetero‐nanostructures provide access to nano‐photonics, flexible electronics, and artificial muscles. These nanometer‐thin polymers and metals are regularly predicated on molecular beam deposition—a technique that leads reliably to homogeneous films and enables the precise in situ monitoring of forming nanostructures. Herein, it is demonstrated that spectroscopic ellipsometry can be used to on‐line monitor film formation with a sub‐nanometer resolution and the evolution of the related optical properties of the hetero‐nanostructure. The data recorded include plasmonic fingerprints of Au islands as well as film formation on self‐assembled polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Bi‐functionalized thiol‐PDMS, tailored for thermal deposition, serves as a self‐assembled adhesion layer for Au electrodes. Suppressed localized plasmonic activity indicates the formation of a homogeneous Au film on thiol‐PDMS and wrinkled Cr/PDMS, contrary to the well‐known establishment of Au islands on bare PDMS. The tailored hetero‐nanostructures based on Au/thiol‐PDMS and Au on wrinkled Cr/PDMS adhesion layers enable the fabrication of stretchable electronics and low‐voltage dielectric elastomer sensors and actuators for artificial muscles and tunable optics.
Spoken Communication with CAMBADA@Home Service Robot

Spoken language is a natural way to control the human-robot interaction, especially for mobile service robots. It has some important advantages over other communication approaches: eyes and hands free, communication from a distance, even without being in line of sight and no need for additional learning for humans. In this paper, we present the spoken dialog framework integrated in our mobile service robot CAMBADA@Home, a robotic platform aimed at move into a living space and interact with users of that space. The proposed framework comprises three major spoken and natural language processing components: an Automatic Speech Recognition component to process the human requests, a Text-to-Speech component to generate more natural responses from the robot side, and a dialog manager to control how these two components work together.
Thermal expansion of a La-based bulk metallic glass: insight from in situ high-energy x-ray diffraction

Constant-rate heating experiments using a fast x-ray camera (time resolution of 2.7 s) reveal detailed information about the thermal stability of La62Al14(Cu5/6Ag1/6)14Ni5Co5 (at.%) bulk metallic glass. Analyzing diffraction patterns in reciprocal space yields the thermal expansion of the amorphous alloy providing insight into the thermally activated relaxation effects and kinetics of the glass transition. The glass transition appears as a break in the value of the coefficient of volume thermal expansion. Furthermore, real space analysis based on the reduced pair distribution function G(r) allows one to follow in situ the changes in the local atomic structure of the amorphous material during constant-rate heating.
Tax Fairness Perceptions and Compliance Behavior: Evidence from the Metropolitan Cities of the Amhara Regional State of Ethiopia

The main objective of this study was to examine the tax fairness perceptions and compliance behavior of business income taxpayers in the metropolitan cities of the Amhara Regional State of Ethiopia. A cross-sectional survey research design and a qualitative research approach were adopted in this study. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. The sample size for the purpose of this study was 24. The data was collected using semi-structured interviews. Data gathered from interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis, a method that identifies analyses and reports patterns within data. From the analysis, the results suggest that participants had mixed perceptions on the fairness of the income tax system. Specifically they had concerns on six aspects of fairness perceptions, namely: general fairness, horizontal fairness vertical fairness, retributive fairness, personal fairness and administrative fairness. These concerns should at least provide a signal to the Revenue Authority on the aspects of income tax system that need improvements. Based on the findings above in this study it is possible to conclude that business income taxpayers have multidimensional perceptions on the fairness of the income tax system. Moreover, the impact of fairness perception on the decisions of taxpayers whether to comply or not to comply with the income tax system was found to be paramount. Therefore the recommendations out of this study were: (1) The revenue Authority should consider the socio-psychological aspects of the taxpayer s’ in addition to the economic deterrence approaches while developing the tax policy in order to make the policy implementation easy and (2) To enhance the level of tax compliance the tax authority should take the perceived tax fairness issues with all its dimensions into account.
Improving security of JPEG2000-based robust hashing using key dependent wavelet packet subband structures

We discuss a JPEG2000 packet data based hashing scheme for robust image authentication. Motivated by attacks against the approach, key-dependency is added by means of employing a randomized wavelet packet scheme in the wavelet decomposition stage. Attacks can be prevented effectively employing key dependency but the parameters required for this approach lead to decreased compression robustness which has to be compensated by an decrease of the hash length (which of course reduces security).
Soil Test Based Fertilizer Prescriptions Through Inductive Cum Targeted Yield Model for Transgenic Cotton on Inceptisol

Studies on Soil Test Crop Response based Integrated Plant Nutrition System (STCR - IPNS) were conducted adopting the Inductive cum Targeted yield model, on Vertic Ustropept of Tamil Nadu, Southern India during 2011 - 2013 in order to develop fertilizer prescriptions through IPNS for the desired yield targets of transgenic cotton under drip fertigation. The basis for making the fertilizer prescriptions viz. nutrient requirement (NR), contribution of nutrients from soil (Cs), fertilizer (Cf) and farmyard manure (Cfym) were computed using the field experimental data. Making use of these basic parameters, the fertilizer prescription equations (FPEs) were developed under NPK alone and under IPNS for the desired yield targets of cotton for a range of soil test values. The quantity of fertilizers contributed by the application of farmyard manure was assessed. The deviation recorded in the achievement of targets aimed was within the range of ± 10 per cent (90 - 110%) proving the validity of the FPEs. Thus the Inductive cum Targeted yield model used to develop fertilizer prescription equations provides a strong basis for soil fertility maintenance consistent with high productivity and efficient nutrient management in "Precision Farming" for sustainable and enduring Agriculture.