Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Síntesis de la N,N-diisopropiletanoamida y N,N-dibutiletanoamida mediante métodos de activación no convencionales: microondas y ultrasonido.

In the present investigation two amides were synthesized: N, N-diisopropiletanoamida and N, N-dibutyletano- amide, using two different non-conventional sources of activation: microwave and ultrasound. It was shown that the use of microwaves in this type of synthesis greatly increases yields and decreases reaction times. In the synthesis of N, N-diisopropyletanoamide yields were about 75% for the synthesis assisted by microwaves (SAM) and 35% in the ultrasound-assisted synthesis (SAUS). The yields for the N, N-dibutiletanoamida were 73% (SAM) and 45% (SAUS). The reaction times employed were 15 min. (SAM) and 7 hours (SAUS). It is noteworthy that all reactions were carried out in a single step and in the absence of solvent.
Synthesis and X-ray powder diffraction data of 7-fluoro-2-exo-(2-methylpropen-1-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-epoxybenzo[b]azepine

The stereoselective synthesis of 7-fluoro-2-exo-(2-methylpropen-1-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-epoxybenzo[b]azepine was developed by intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the nitrone derived from the corresponding 2-allyl-4-fluoro-N-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)aniline. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern for the new compound was analyzed and found to crystallize in a monoclinic system with space group P21/m (No. 11) and refined unit-cell parameters a = 11.655(5) Å, b = 5.850(2) Å, c = 18.314(4) Å, β = 104.27(3) and V = 1210.1 (6) Å3.
High-Area Ti/Pt Electrodes for the Electrochemically Catalyzed Transesterification of Soybean Oil with Methanol

Biodiesel fuel is a renewable energy source normally produced in industry by using an alkaline homogeneous catalyst to promote the transesterification of oil and methanol to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). Undesirable side reactions occur when poorly refined oils are used, leading to serious problems of product separation and low FAME yield. Therefore, about 85% of the cost of biodiesel is determined by the cost of the feedstock. Here, we describe the development of high-area Pt films deposited on Ti substrates for the electrolytic synthesis of biodiesel from soybean oil containing water, without the addition of catalyst. The higher both the calcination temperature and the number of layers deposited on the Ti surface, the higher the electrochemically active area of Pt exposed to surface. Conversion into esters in electrolysis is proportional to the increase in the superficial area of the Ti/Pt electrodes. Thus, it is possible to synthesize biodiesel using electrodes containing very low amounts of Pt (<0.441 mg cm−2), an important parameter in the industrial production of biodiesel.
Long-term effects of gap creation and lime application on element input and output in a European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forest

Abstract Four gaps of 30 m diameter were cut in a mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forest in 1989. In two of the gaps and their surrounding areas, dolomite lime (3 t ha−1) was applied. The study was designed to examine the long-term effects of lime application and canopy removal on element input via throughfall and output in seepage water at 80 cm depth in this European beech forest. Throughfall and seepage water were collected in the unlimed gap center, the limed gap center and the undisturbed beech stand in 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996 and 2012. The canopy opening increased the seepage water acidity from 1991 to 1996. The pH values of the seepage water were higher in the limed gaps than in the unlimed gaps during the five study periods. The amount of annual throughfall and of seepage water were higher in the gaps during the study period; in 2012, the annual amounts of seepage water were significantly higher in the gaps than in the closed stand, whereas the input of most elements decreased from 1991 to 2012. The seepage water in the unlimed gaps had higher nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations, but lower sulfate sulfur (SO4-S) concentrations than in the limed gaps in 1991, 1992, 1993 and 1996. The amount of leaching NO3-N and SO4-S in 2012 was, however, significantly higher in the limed gaps than in the unlimed gaps, while the input of nitrogen (N) and SO4-S was significantly lower in the limed gaps than in the closed stand. In general, the annual amounts of element input via throughfall were higher in the closed stand than in the gaps. However, the element output through leaching was much higher in the gap centers than in the closed stand. The net losses of aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and manganese (Mn) were higher in the unlimed gaps than in the limed gaps and the closed stand in 1991. In 2012, 23 years after liming and canopy opening, the effects of gaps and liming, and the interaction of gap and liming on element leaching, were still significant compared to the untreated stand. Overall, canopy opening reduced N, sulfate, Al, and base cation deposition in the long run. Canopy opening in combination with liming affected the seepage water acidity and the leaching losses of base cations up to 23 years after canopy removal and liming in this European beech forest.
Effect of Concentration of Ammonium Poly(acrylate) Dispersant and MgO on Coagulation Characteristics of Aqueous Alumina Direct Coagulation Casting Slurries

Coagulation of aqueous alumina slurries prepared using various concentrations (0.43–1.04 wt% based on alumina) of ammonium poly(acrylate) dispersant by MgO has been studied for direct coagulation casting (DCC) of alumina. The slurries prepared at dispersant concentration below 0.84 wt% are not suitable for DCC at room temperature (∼30°C) as they undergo premature coagulation. Mixing the slurry with MgO at a low temperature of nearly 5°C slows down the reactions leading to coagulation and keeps the slurry viscosity low for a sufficient period of time. Coagulation of slurries prepared at a dispersant concentration of 0.92 wt% and above at room temperature requires MgO concentrations much higher than the equivalent amount required for reaction with the dispersant. This anomalous behavior at higher dispersant concentration is explained such that the Mg-poly(acrylate) formed by the reaction between ammonium poly(acrylate) and MgO formed a sheath over the remaining MgO particles and prevented them from further dissolution at room temperature. Faster coagulation could be achieved by heating the slurries after casting in closed molds. The Mg-poly(acrylate) acts as a binder and stabilizes the coagulated bodies as their strength and stability against oscillatory stresses increase with an increase in dispersant concentration.
TRANSFORAMINAL L U MBAR INTERBODY FUSION IN LOW GRADE COMBINED LYTIC AND DEGENERATIVE SPONDYLOLIDTHESIS : FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF 21 CASES

BACKGROUND: Spondylolisthesis is a heterogenous disorder characterised by subluxation of a vertebral body in sagittal plane occuring frequently at l4-5 and l5-S1commonest being isthmic and degenerative variety. While majority are asymptomatic, a subset do produce pain with neurology. Complete decompression of roots is essential, as is the need for solid stabilization. Several fusion techniques were reported in literature like PLF, TLIF, PLF, ALIF On theoretical grounds, TLIF has been suggested to be safe and result in an improved outcome compared to other techniques. Data to support this view, are lacking. METHODS: A total of 21 patients (age range, 27-62 years) with adult isthmic and degenerative spondylolisthesis were operated. There were 8 males and 13 females with mean age of 46.8 pre-op and 2-year followup, pain (VAS) and functional disability were quantified by Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Radiological union assessed with xrays by Brantigen and Steffee criteria. The global outcome was excellent in 90%. and 92% fusion. 2 patients presented motor deficit which did not recover. RESULTS: The follow-up was for 2 years. The mean VAS score for low back pain improved from 7.0 preoperatively to 2.1, as did the mean VAS score for leg pain from 6.7 to 1.4 and the mean ODI from 59.5% to 11.3%. CONCLUSION: TLIF does affect the 2-year outcome of surgical treatment of spondylolisthesis with decreased back pain and ODI’s, with advantages of minimal thecal retraction, restored segmental lordosis and preserved posterior tension band.
Improve Community Satisfaction and Trust in the Public Service Mal of Banyuwangi District

This study aims to determine the effect of service quality and service innovation on community satisfaction and trust in Banyuwangi Regency Public Service Mall. The population of this research is all the people who carry out the service process at the Banyuwangi Regency Public Service Mall totaling 125 people. The sampling technique uses simple random sampling, namely taking members of the sample from the population randomly regardless of the strata in the population. The answers to the questionnaire respondents were processed using the SPSS 16.0 software application. Data analysis in this study using SEM-PLS with WarpPLS 5.0. The results of the study show. service quality with a coefficient of 0.440 affecting community satisfaction. Service quality with a coefficient coefficient of 0.242, affects public trust. Service innovation with a coefficient of 0.497, affects community satisfaction. Service innovation with a coefficient of 0.150, does not affect public trust. While community satisfaction with a coefficient of 0.734, has a positive and significant effect on public trust.
Simplex optimization of nitrogen–argon plasmas in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the removal of chloride-based interferences

In order to establish the effects of nitrogen addition to the coolant, auxiliary and nebulizer gas flows of an Ar plasma, polyatomic ions in a range of spiked and unspiked chloride reference materials (Rice Flour, Citrus Leaves, Dogfish Liver and Sea-water) and standard solution have been used. The response of a wide range of polyatomic ions was studied, with particular emphasis on the chlorine-based interferences ArCl+ and ClO+. Simplex optimization was used to optimize the operating parameters of the spectrometer in order to facilitate the maximum possible removal of the ArCl+ when using nitrogen addition. The ArCl+ interference is shown to be successfully removed with the addition of nitrogen to the coolant and nebulizer gas flows in the presence of 1% chloride. Best results were obtained when 4.5% nitrogen was added to the nebulizer gas. These conditions have also greatly improved the determination of selenium and vanadium in the presence of chloride. In addition it has been found that nitrogen addition has some benefit in the reduction of MO+ and ArO+ interferences as well as the background response. The addition of nitrogen to the auxiliary gas offered little advantage for the removal of interference.
Moderating effect of logistics and supply chain issues on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation

Business expansion either locally or internationally is a vision of most firms, even for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). In order to achieve this market expansion, previous studies have identified the importance of market orientation towards superior firms’ performance. At the same time, firm-level market orientations are also important. However, the existence of logistics and supply chain issues such as transportation, packaging, documentation and warehousing are expected to thwart firms’ effort in establishing their market orientation. This study focuses on identifying the effect of logistics and supply chain related issues on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation among SMEs in Malaysia. The result indicates that logistics and supply chain issues moderate the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation. However, the moderation effect is weak, based on the Cohen f2 effect size calculation. This study shows that logistics and supply chain issues do have some weak effect on the relationship between both variables. Thus, SME managers need to resolve any logistics and supply chain related issues experienced by the company in order to improve their market orientation
Synthesis of poly(N, N-dimethylacrylamide) brushes from charged polymeric surfaces by aqueous ATRP: Effect of surface initiator concentration

We have synthesized polystyrene shell latex (PSL) surfaces with different initiator concentrations by changing the feed ratio of styrene to 2-(methyl-2‘-chloropropionato)ethyl acrylate (HEA−Cl) in a series of shell-growth copolymerization reactions. Surfaces were characterized by conductometric titration of saponified and nonsaponified functionalized PSL to give the surface charge and initiator concentrations accessible to aqueous reagents and by 1H NMR methods. Poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) brushes were grafted from the functionalized surfaces by aqueous atom transfer radical polymerization and the dependence of molecular weight and chain density determined as a function of monomer concentration, ligand type, and surface initiator concentration by analyzing the chains cleaved from the PSL by saponification. Mn varies linearly with monomer concentration for most systems, and grafting density is roughly independent of monomer concentration except at the highest initiator concentration. Very high molecular w.
Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology: Plate sections

Preface List of contributors List of abbreviations 1. Basic priniciples Keith Wilson and John Fyffe 2. Cell culture techniques Anwar R. Baydoun 3. Centrifugation Kay Ohlendieck 4. Microscopy Stephen W. Paddock 5. Molecular biology, bioinformatics and basic techniques Ralph Rapley 6. Recombinant DNA and genetic analysis Ralph Rapley 7. Immunochemical techniques Robin Thorpe and Susan Thorpe 8. Protein structure, purification, characterisation and functional analysis John Walker 9. Mass spectrometric techniques Alistair Aitken 10. Electrophoretic techniques John Walker 11. Chromatographic techniques Keith Wilson 12. Spectroscopic techniques I: atomic and molecular electronic spectroscopy Derek B. Gordon 13. Spectroscopic techniques II: vibrational spectroscopy and electron and nuclear spin orientation in magnetic fields 14. Radioisotope techniques Robert J. Slater 15. Enzymes Keith Wilson 16. Cell membrane receptors and cell signalling Keith Wilson.
β-decay spectroscopy of r-process nuclei with N = 126 at KISS

The β-decay properties of nuclei with N = 126, which are believed to act as progenitors in the rapid neutron capture (r-) process path forming the third peak (A ∼ 195) in the observed r-abundance element distribution, are considered critical for understanding the production of heavy elements such as gold and platinum at astrophysical sites. We have constructed the KEK Isotope Separation System (KISS), which consists of a gas cell based laser ion source (atomic number selection) and an isotope separation on-line (ISOL) (mass number selection), to produce pure low-energy beams of neutron-rich isotopes around N = 126 and to study their β-decay properties, which are also of interest for astrophysics. The isotopes of interest will be produced by multi-nucleon transfer reactions in heavy ion collisions (e.g. 136Xe projectile on 198Pt target). KISS will allow us to study unknown isotopes produced in weak reaction channels under low background conditions. We successfully extracted the stable 56Fe beam from KISS a.
Removal of Acid Red 151 from water by adsorption onto nano-composite MnFe2O4/kaolin

The adsorption of Acid Red 151 (AR151) from water was determined for kaolin, MnFe2O4 and MnFe2O4/kaolin magnetic nano-composite. MnFe2O4 and MnFe2O4/kaolin were prepared using a simple chemical co-precipitation procedure. The MnFe2O4/kaolin composite was prepared with Mn : Fe : kaolin mass ratios of 1 : 1 : 10, 1 : 1.5 : 10 and 1 : 2 : 10. The adsorption capacity increased in 1 : 2 : 10 Mn : Fe : kaolin. Powder XRD and SEM were used to characterize the sorbents. The spinel magnetic phase is present in the MnFe2O4. The AR151 adsorption is strongly dependent on pH and increases with increasing acidity with a maximum at pH 2. The adsorption capacity of the composite is greater than that of natural kaolin and MnFe2O4. The adsorption was not affected by the presence of chloride, but was significantly affected by sulfate. The adsorption kinetics of AR151 on kaolin and ferrite powder are similar, but the adsorption of AR151 on the MnFe2O4/kaolin composite is much more rapid and occurs within 2–5 min of contact. The adsorption process follows pseudo-second order kinetics. The solid magnetic composite could be conveniently recovered after adsorption.
Crotonaldehyde Hydrogenation on Pt/TiO 2and Ni/TiO 2SMSI Catalysts

A kinetic and DRIFTS (diffuse reflectance FTIR) investigation of crotonaldehyde adsorption and hydrogenation was conducted over TiO2-supported Pt and Ni with the intent of gaining insight into the adsorption modes of molecules with carbonyl groups on these catalysts in the SMSI and non-SMSI states. Significant enhancement in selectivity toward crotyl alcohol was observed with each catalyst after reduction at 773 K. DRIFT spectra under reaction conditions identified crotonaldehyde species strongly adsorbed through the C=C bond and weakly coordinated through both the C=C and the C=O bonds on these catalysts after reduction at 573 K, which gave a peak at 1693 cm−1. After reduction at 773 K, an additional adsorbed species with a strong band at 1660 cm−1, indicating a significant interaction between the carbonyl group and the surface, was observed, which is presumed to be stabilized at interfacial Pt–TiOxand Ni–TiOxsites. A decrease in the surface coverage of this species paralleled a drop in selectivity to crotyl alcohol with time on stream. After reduction at 573 K, decarbonylation occurred during the initial few minutes on stream to create adsorbed CO on Pt/TiO2in addition to carbon deposition, but these reactions were significantly suppressed after reduction at 773 K, presumably due to a TiOxoverlayer which covers part of the Pt surface and breaks up the ensembles of Pt atoms required for these reactions.
Photodecomposition of dimethyl phthalate in an aqueous solution with UV radiation using novel catalysts

AbstractThis study investigates the photolytic and photocatalytic degradation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) with novel catalysts including the titanium dioxide–coated magnetic poly(methyl methacrylate) (TiO2/mPMMA) and platinum-doped TiO2/mPMMA microspheres. The experiments under the illumination of ultraviolet (UV) radiation at 185 and 254 nm are conducted to examine the effects of the initial DMP concentration, photocatalyst, and Pt doping on the degradation of DMP and its mineralization efficiency. The photocatalyst and initial DMP concentration are important factors for the degradation of DMP, while the Pt doping has a minor effect. On the other hand, the mineralization efficiency would be significantly accelerated by the presence of photocatalysts and the Pt doping. In addition, it demonstrates the remarkable contribution of UV radiation at 185 nm to the elimination of DMP and intermediates via both direct photolysis and photocatalysis. This study provides useful information about the direct photolytic.
Sensitivity analysis in chemical kinetics by the method of polynomial approximations

A new approach, the method of polynomial approximations (PAM), to the sensitivity analysis in chemical kinetics is presented. The method is based on first dividing the time domain of interest into subintervals, and then, within each subinterval, using low-degree interpolation polynomials to mimic the system temporal behavior. This procedure forces all parametric dependences of the system to reside in the expansion coefficients and transforms the differential sensitivity equations into a set of algebraic ones. The major computational effort of PAM is proportional to the number of components in the system, not to the number of parameters. In addition, higher order sensitivity coefficients in PAM can be generated quite readily once first-order ones are known. The information required to divide the time domain comes from a preliminary simulation study of the system temporal behavior, which is always available in any kind of modeling studies. Typically, for an interpolation polynomial of degree 3–4, only 10–20 subintervals are needed to attain satisfactory accuracy. The application of PAM is well suited to large-scale kinetic models, especially when an inexpensive scanning of the system sensitivity behavior is desired. The extremely high computational speed of PAM in securing sensitivity informations was demonstrated by two illustrative kinetic examples. Furthermore the problem of utilizing sensitivity information to unravel the functional dependence of a species concentration upon rate coefficients, to simplify a complex reaction model, and to elucidate mechanistic details of a reaction process was examined in detail.
Nucleation and Growth Mechanisms of Zirconia Film Deposited on Porous Nickel Oxide - Zirconia Substrate by Electron Beam - Physical Vapor Deposition

The structure of the transitional zone between a zirconia film deposited by EB-PVD and its porous NiO-ZrO2 substrate were studied using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The plausible condensation mechanisms of zirconia from its vapor phase onto zirconia and nickel oxide phases of the substrate were established. The condensation of zirconia was identified as a two-stage process with two mechanisms of growth, planar and cellular, similar to solidification from the liquid phase. ZrO2 condensation on ZrO2 and NiO phases occurs with different routes. During the planar growth on the ZrO2, the ZrO2 film nucleates and grows up to ~0.3-0.5 µm with no orientation preference as continuous "layer by layer" defective film. The planar ZrO2 film on the NiO of ~0.5-0.7 µm thickness is discontinuous and porous; it consists of oriented structurally perfect "islands". The differences found are probably the result of differences in the melting temperature of ZrO2 and NiO, and Zr and Ni affinities to oxygen as well as their different behavior under high vacuum. The deposition affected zone surrounding the ZrO2 nucleation site is established.
Comparison of the Kinetics of O(3P) Reactions with the Four Butenes over Wide Temperature Ranges

Rate coefficients for reactions of ground-state oxygen atoms with isobutene, trans-2-butene, and cis-2-butene have been measured using the high-temperature photochemistry (HTP) technique. The oxygen atoms were generated by flash photolysis of either O[sub 2] or CO[sub 2] and the relative atom concentrations were monitored by resonance fluorescence. We find, in cm[sup 3] molecule[sup [minus]1] s[sup [minus]1] units, for isobutene, k(284-1015 K) = 2.0 x 10[sup [minus]15](T/K)[sup 1.28] exp(543 K/T); trans-2-butene, k(292-1022 K) = 3.9 x 10[sup [minus]17](T/K)[sup 1.87] exp(743 K/T); and cis-2-butene, k(292-1086 K) = 2.4 x 10[sup [minus]17](T/K)[sup 1.94] exp(716 K/T). The 2[sigma] precision limits are around [+-]10%, and the corresponding 2[sigma] accuracy limits are estimated to be about [+-]25%. Conventional transition-state-theory calculations for the electrophilic O-addition to the double bond yield at high temperatures rate coefficients smaller than observed. A method is developed for estimating rate coefficients for H abstraction. When the results are added to those of the addition, good agreement with experiments is attained. The differences between the k(T) expressions for the present three reactions and the corresponding 1-butene reaction are discussed. Based on these observations, a method is presented for estimating rate coefficients for O-atom reactions with higher olefins over wide temperature ranges. 38 refs.,more » 8 figs., 4 tabs. « less