Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preventive detention and out-of-home placement: a propensity score matching and multilevel modeling approach

Researchers have started examining the impact of early juvenile court decisions on subsequent court outcomes for youth. The empirical literature generally finds that after controlling for legal and extralegal factors, early decision points can have a negative effect on youth later in the court process. The present study contributes to this body of knowledge through the examination of youth who were adjudicated delinquent during 2005 in West Virginia. Using both propensity score matching and multilevel modeling, the findings indicate that preventive detention increases the probability of out-of-home placement for youth. Policy implications and directions for future research are explored. Keywords: juvenile justice, preventive detention, race, racial disparity Language: en
Therapeutic hypothermia in stroke: Quo Vadis?

157 Neuroprotection continues to be an elusive target despite numerous candidates. [1] For decades, multiple promising compounds and strategies failed to translate encouraging experimental results into meaningful clinical benefits. Many therapies are still undergoing testing, while others are being refined or developed. This is particularly the case for neuroprotection in the acute ischemic stroke setting. The advent of endovascular thrombectomy has revived interest in neuroprotection. It awaits testing of when it should be administered: before/during/or after, fast and complete reperfusion. [2] The ESCAPE‐NA1 trial (NCT02930018), which has just completed recruitment, and PROOF (NCT03500939) trial will be the first to test promising neuroprotectants coupled with endovascular reperfusion.
Demography, expectations and experiences of oocyte donors in northern India − an interview-based study

Study question: Oocyte donation is an increasingly popular treatment option for pregnancy and parenthood in women with poor ovarian reserve or advanced age. Indian literature still lacks a formal study focusing on expectations and experiences of oocyte donors. Aim: To assess demography, expectations and experiences of oocyte donors in northern India by an interview-based questionnaire. Material and Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study at a tertiary care IVF centre from August 2018 to January 2019. Sample size was 65 oocyte donors found fit and willing for egg donation. Interviews were taken using structured questionnaire at the time of registration and after successful oocyte retrieval. Results: Mean age of donors was 25 years. Most of the donors were housewives (70%) and rest were in a private job. Only 29% of donors were educated above tenth standard. Almost all the donors (96%) were commercial donors introduced by paid agents or friends. Most of the donors had very poor understanding of details of the oocyte retrieval procedure. Only 36% of donors felt that compensation given is adequate, rest expected a higher compensation. Average compensation given to donors was INR 15,000–25,000, which was 5000–10,000 less than their expectations. All donors were satisfied with the procedure and did not feel exploited or anxious or depressed but few complained of discomfort experienced in visits and minimal complications like pain, nausea, and fever. None of the donors developed signs/symptoms of OHSS. Average number of oocytes retrieved per donor was 17. Mean dose of gonadotropins required per donor was 1495 IU. Conclusion: Our findings show that the oocyte donation has an overall good acceptance and satisfaction among the donors. However there is a need to impart more detailed information to donors in order to prevent their possible exploitation.
Comparison of a “freeze-all” strategy versus a “fresh transfer” strategy among poor responders in Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)—An observational study

Introduction: In recent years, frozen embryo transfer has been used by many and it may be a viable alternative to frozen embryo transfer (FET). So far, most of the studies were done to prove effectiveness of “freeze all” strategy in normal responder, very few had focused this policy on poor responder. Aims: To find clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) in frozen cycle versus fresh cycle embryo transfer (ET) in poor responder. Settings and design: Prospective observational study performed at our private fertility clinic. Methods and materials: From August 2018 to April 2019, a total of 102 poor responder patients who met POSEIDON criteria were included in the study out of which 50 were in FET group and 52 were in frozen thaw group. Controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) with gonadotropin releasing hormones (GnRH) antagonist protocol was done. Measured primary outcome was CPR in both groups. Statistical analysis used: Paired t test, chi square test, Z test, and Student t test were used. Results: Statistical analysis showed that the CPR in the frozen embryo group was 46.15%, while in the FET group it was 24.0%. The proportional comparison among the two groups was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.016), showing a higher CPR in the FET group. Conclusion: Success of IVF treatment can be improved in poor responder by implementing “freeze all” policy. RCT with large number of patients should be carried out to confirm this finding.
Regional cerebral infusion for acute ischemic stroke

241 Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a leading cause of death and disability, worldwide. Clinical investigation has yielded promising treatment options for AIS, but the transition from benchtop to bedside has proven difficult. At present, recanalization using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the best accepted and most widely available reperfusion method. However, a therapeutic window of 4.5 h from symptom onset prevents the vast majority of AIS patients from receiving thrombolytic recanalization; recent evidence suggests that only 6%–8% of AIS patients actually receive tPA. [1] As an alternative to tPA, mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has gained popularity in recent years but is typically only beneficial in patients with a large‐vessel occlusion, and surgical candidacy requires perfusion imaging indicating a sufficiently large mismatch. [2] In response to this lack of therapeutic options, hundreds of neuroprotective strategies have been investigated in the preclinical setting in hopes of finding new ways to improve outcomes in stroke patients to whom tPA or thrombectomy is not an option. After a half century of work, one neuroprotective strategy has separated itself from the rest, therapeutic hypothermia. Here, we introduce regional cerebral infusion (RCI), the most advanced and promising therapeutic hypothermia induction method.
Cold blood perfusion for selective hypothermia in acute ischemic stroke

Hypothermia is the most reliably effective neuroprotectant, and yet systemic complications limit application. A large body of animal data suggests that hypothermia is effective for focal cerebral ischemia, namely acute ischemic stroke. In order to apply hypothermia effectively, a selective approach is required to maximize the effect on the brain while minimizing systemic side effects. Due to poor transferability of promising findings in rodent models to human clinical trials for neuroprotection, the focus of this review is large animal gyrencephalic models. Unlike rodent data which favor mild hypothermia, the majority of large animal studies on selective hypothermia support moderate-to-deep hypothermia (<30°C). Cold blood perfusion produces the rapid rate of temperature reduction and depth of hypothermia required to produce meaningful neuroprotection. Further studies of selective hypothermia in acute ischemic stroke require attention to duration and rate of cooling to optimize the neuroprotection offered by this technique.
Selective retrograde cerebral cooling in complete cerebral circulatory arrest

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cerebral hypothermia is a known neuroprotectant with promising applications in the treatment of ischemic events. Although systemic cooling is standard in post-cardiac arrest care, the deleterious effects of whole-body cooling have precluded it from translation into a viable treatment option for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Selective cerebral cooling has been proposed as a method to minimize these risks while granting the neuroprotection of therapeutic hypothermia in AIS. METHODS: In a porcine model (n = 3), the efficacy of selective retrograde cerebral cooling through the internal jugular vein was evaluated in the setting of complete cerebral circulatory arrest. Furthermore, a novel endovascular device and cooling system enabling selective retrograde cerebral cooling were studied in a normothermic perfused cadaver. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Neurologic assessment of animals receiving this therapy reflected substantial neuroprotection in animals undergoing both 15 min and 30 min of otherwise catastrophic complete cerebral circulatory arrest. The novel endovascular device and cooling system were validated in human anatomy, demonstrating successful cerebral cooling, and feasibility of this mechanism of selective retrograde cerebral cooling.
Hunger hormone and sleep responses to the built-in blue-light filter on an electronic device: a pilot study

The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of the blue-light filtering 'Night Shift' function on the Apple iPad at night and leptin production, perceived hunger levels and markers of sleep quality and quantity in healthy young adults. In a randomised, crossover design, 13 young adults (6 male/7 female) performed three experimental trials. Two of the interventions included one hour of night-time electronic device use; reading on an iPad ~30 cm from eyes, either with (iPad+NS) or without (iPad) the 'Night Shift' blue-light filtering feature turned on. The control trial involved reading a hard-copy book for one hour (CON). Leptin and perceived hunger and tiredness levels were assessed at various time points for the three experimental conditions. Objective sleep indices (actigraphy) and subjective ratings of sleep were recorded. There were no significant interactions for any of the measured variables ( p > 0.05). Small to moderate effect sizes were found for perceived sleep quality, with CON (7.3 ± 1.7) having the highest value when compared to iPad+NS (6.6 ± 1.8, d = 0.29) and iPad (5.6 ± 2.3, d = 0.66). Moderate effects were associated with iPad+NS when compared to iPad ( d = 0.77) and for iPad compared to CON ( d = 0.90) for pre-post change in leptin concentration. Use of electronic devices at night may result in moderate suppression of leptin levels and impaired sleep quality, with negligible differences associated with whether or not the 'Night Shift' feature is turned on.
Production and characteristics of fish protein hydrolysate from parrotfish (Chlorurus sordidus) head

Background Fish byproducts are commonly recognized as low-value resources. In order to increase the value, fish byproducts need to be converted into new products with high functionality such as fish protein hydrolysate (FPH). In this study, FPH manufactured from parrotfish (Chlorurus sordidus) heads using different pH, time and sample ratio was investigated. Methods Hydrolysis reactions were conducted under different pHs (5, 7, and 9) and over different durations (12 and 24 h). Control treatment (without pH adjustment (pH 6.4)) and 0 h hydrolsisis duration were applied. Hydrolysates were characterized with respect to proximate composition, amino acid profile, and molecular weight distribution. The antioxidant activity of the hydrolysate was also observed. Results The pH and duration of hydrolysis significantly affected (p < 0.05) the characteristics of FPH. The highest yield of hydrolysate (49.04 ± 0.90%), with a degree of hydrolysis of 30.65 ± 1.82%, was obtained at pH 9 after 24 h incubation. In addition, the FPH had high antioxidant activity (58.20 ± 0.55%), with a high level of essential amino acids. Results suggested that FPH produced using endogenous enzymes represents a promising additive for food and industrial applications.
Local cold adaption increases the thermal window of temperate mussels in the Arctic

Abstract Species expand towards higher latitudes in response to climate warming, but the pace of this expansion is related to the physiological capacity to resist cold stress. However, few studies exist that have quantified the level of inter-population local adaptation in marine species freeze tolerance, especially in the Arctic. We investigated the importance of cold adaptation and thermal window width towards high latitudes from the temperate to the Arctic region. We measured upper and lower lethal air temperatures (i.e. LT and LT50) in temperate and Arctic populations of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), and analysed weather data and membrane fatty acid compositions, following emersion simulations. Both populations had similar upper LT (~38 °C), but Arctic mussels survived 4°C colder air temperatures than temperate mussels (−13 vs. −9°C, respectively), corresponding to an 8% increase in their thermal window. There were strong latitudinal relationships between thermal window width and local air temperatures, indicating Arctic mussels are highly adapted to the Arctic environment where the seasonal temperature span exceeds 60°C. Local adaptation and local habitat heterogeneity thus allow leading-edge M. edulis to inhabit high Arctic intertidal zones. This intraspecific pattern provides insight into the importance of accounting for cold adaptation in climate change, conservation and biogeographic studies.
Physicochemical, nutritional, and quality parameters of salted semidried mullet (Chelon haematocheilus) prepared with different processing methods

Abstract The mullet (Chelon haematocheilus) is a cosmopolitan coastal species. It is often consumed as a sliced raw fish in Korea and as a dried and salted fish roe in several countries, including the southeastern United States and Japan. In this study, to optimize traditional processing of salted semidried mullet (SSDM) for the development of high‐quality products, nine different types of traditional process were applied, and quality changes including physicochemical, nutritional, and sanitary properties were observed. The approximate composition of SSDM was as follows: moisture, 66.1% to 71.8%; ash, 1.65% to 3.75%; crude protein, 16.12% to 18.09%; and crude lipid, 1.11% to 2.07%. The salinity, water activity (Aw), color parameters, peroxide value (POV), acid value (AV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) contents in fresh mullet (FM) and different SSDM groups were affected by different processing techniques including salt concentration and drying methods. In particular, the salinity was significantly increased, whereas the Aw was significantly decreased in all SSDM groups compared to those of FM group. In both FM and SSDM groups, the AV, POV, and TBA values gradually increased with prolonged storage and crude fat content; however, they were not affected by salinity. The amino and fatty acid content also varied depending on the processing method; however, the composition and protein patterns were similar among the groups. The total aerobic bacterial numbers of all SSDM groups were also influenced by different processing methods. The microbial numbers in the mullet after salted semidried treatment were markedly lower than in the FM group during refrigerated storage for 14 days. Therefore, salted semidried treatment for mullet show extended shelf life and improved microbiological safety and biochemical parameters during refrigerated storage.
Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder in a clinical population: gender and sub-population diferences

Objective/Background Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD) is defined by a delay in the major sleep episode relative to desired or required sleep and wake times. The objectives of this study were to evaluate DSWPD in our population and to compare it with similar clinical data, to analyse gender differences, and to identify possible subpopulations based on circadian timing and alignment. Patients/Methods 162 consecutive DSWPD patients from a sleep clinic with a median age of 35.5 (24.0) years, 85 (52.5%) males were studied. Patient data were obtained from a clinical interview composed of socio-demographic, life events, daily habits, consumptions, and comorbidities data; and from diaries, actimetry, melatonin and PSG T1. The Dim Light Melatonin Onset (DLMO) was used to define circadian alignment or misalignment. Results In our DSWPD cohort, there were gender differences for different age groups ( p =0.028). Men were more likely to be single and women more likely to be married ( p =0.034). In students, school failure was higher for women ( p <0.001); for workers, absenteeism was higher in women ( p =0.001). In the circadian aligned (compared to misaligned group), DLMO was later ( p <0.001), sleep onset time ( p =0.046) was later, total sleep time ( p =0.035), and number of sleep cycles ( p =0.018) were lower, as measured using PSG T1. Conclusions In this clinical population, DSWPD is more prevalent in young men and in middle age women, although with no overall significant differences between genders. There are two different phenotypes of DSWPD: circadian misaligned and circadian aligned. Depression is prevalent in both groups. Better definition, classification and diagnostic criteria for DSWPD are still needed, and targeted therapeutical intervention should be evaluated.
Fourteen polymorphic microsatellite markers for the widespread Labrador tea (Rhododendron groenlandicum)

Premise Microsatellite markers were developed for Labrador tea (Rhododendron groenlandicum, Ericaceae) to facilitate downstream genetic investigation of this species and the extremely closely related, circumboreal Rhododendron subsect. Ledum. Methods and Results Forty‐eight primer pairs were designed using Illumina data and screened for excellent amplification. Sixteen successful pairs were developed as microsatellite markers using fluorescently labeled amplification to generate chromatogram data. These data were evaluated for intrapopulation and interpopulation variability in three populations from Alaska and Maine, USA, and the Northwest Territories, Canada. Fourteen polymorphic markers genotyped reliably, each with one to eight alleles. Cluster analysis indicates that across the range, populations can be easily discriminated. Cross‐amplification in other Rhododendron subsect. Ledum species shows broad application of the developed markers within this small, well‐supported clade. Conclusions These microsatellite markers exhibit significant variability and will be useful in population genetics within R. groenlandicum and for investigation of species boundaries across Rhododendron subsect. Ledum.
Clinical observation of combined Kangai injection with TP in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Objective:To observe the efficacy and adverse reactions of Kangai injection plus paclitaxel and cisplatin in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Methods:Sixty cases with advanced NSCLC were randomly divided into two groups,30 patients of test group were treated with Kangai injection combined with TP,30 patients of control group were only treated with TP.The chemotherapy effect,side effects and improvement of the quality of life of two groups were evaluated during and after chemotherapy.Results:The chemotherapy effect of test group was higher than the other,but the difference was not statistically significant(P0.05). The toxicity reactions of test group in gastrointestinal tract,bone marrow suppression,alopecia and fatigue were lower than in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05),the quality of life,Karnofsky score in test group increased,improving rate was 59.2%,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05). Conclusion:Kangai injection combined with TP in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer have better efficacy,can effectively reduce toxicity and improve quality of life.
Safety of Intravenous Thrombolysis Among Patients Taking Direct Oral Anticoagulants

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background and Purpose— There are scarce data regarding the safety of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in acute ischemic stroke among patients on direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Methods— We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the current literature. Data regarding all adult patients pretreated with DOAC who received IVT for acute ischemic stroke were recorded. Meta-analysis was performed by comparing the rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage in these patients with (1) stroke patients without prior anticoagulation therapy and (2) patients on warfarin with international normalized ratio <1.7. Meta-analyses were further conducted in subgroups as follows: (1) administration of DOAC within 48 hours versus an unknown interval before IVT, (2) consideration of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage outcome according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders (NINDS) versus the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study II (ECASS-II) criteria. Results— After reviewing 13 392 reports and communicating with certain authors of 12 published studies, a total of 52 823 acute ischemic stroke patients from 6 studies were enrolled in the present meta-analysis: DOACs: 366, warfarin: 2133, and 50 324 patients without prior anticoagulation. We detected no additional risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage following IVT among patients taking DOACs within 48 hours—DOACs-warfarin: NINDS (odds ratio [OR], 0.53 [95% CI, 0.18–1.52]), ECASS-II (OR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.28–2.16]); DOACs-no-anticoagulation: NINDS (OR, 1.23 [95% CI, 0.46–3.31]), ECASS-II (OR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.33–2.55]). Similarly, no additional risk was detected with no time limit between last DOAC intake—DOACs warfarin: NINDS (OR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.49–1.45]), ECASS-II (OR, 1.11 [95% CI, 0.67–1.85]); DOACs-no-anticoagulation: NINDS (OR, 1.17 [95% CI, 0.43–3.15]), ECASS-II (OR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.33–2.41]). There was no evidence of heterogeneity across included studies (I2=0%). We also provided the details of 123 individual cases with or without reversal agents before IVT. There was no significant increase in the risk of hemorrhagic transformation (OR, 1.48 [95% CI, 0.50–4.38]), symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation (OR, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.09–2.55]), or early mortality (OR, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.11–3.43]) between cohorts who did or did not receive prethrombolysis idarucizumab. Conclusions— The results of our study indicated that prior intake of DOAC appears not to increase the risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage in selected AIS patients treated with IVT.
Eight-year post-trial follow-up of health care and long-term care costs of tele-based health coaching.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term effect of telephone health coaching on health care and long-term care (LTC) costs in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING Randomized controlled trial (RCT) data were linked to Finnish national health and social care registries and electronic health records (EHR). Post-trial eight-year economic evaluation was conducted. STUDY DESIGN A total of 1,535 patients (≥45 years) were randomized to the intervention (n = 1034) and control groups (n = 501). The intervention group received monthly telephone health coaching for 12 months. Usual health care and LTC were provided for both groups. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Intention-to-treat analysis showed no significant change in total health and long-term care costs (intervention effect €1248 [3 percent relative reduction], CI -6347 to 2217) in the intervention compared to the control group. There were also no significant changes among subgroups of patients with T2D or CAD. CONCLUSIONS Health coaching had a nonsignificant effect on health care and long-term care costs in the 8-year follow-up among patients with T2D or CAD. More research is needed to study, which patient groups, at which state of the disease trajectory of T2D and cardiovascular disease, would best benefit from health coaching.