Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Near-IR Photometric Study of the FU Orionis Object HBC 722

We present near-infrared light curves of HBC 722 after its the September 2010 outburst. We have been monitoring its near-infrared light curves since November 2010 with Korean Astronomy and Space Science Institute Infrared Camera System (KASINICS). HBC 722 exhibits large changes in optical and near-infrared brightness since its outburst. The J, H, and Ks light curves over about 2.5 years show that in all observed bands HBC 722 progressively became fainter until around April 2011, down to J �10.7, H �9.9, Ks �9.3, but it is getting brighter again. Large scatter in the obtained light curve prevents us from finding whether there is any short timescale variation as reported in other optical observations. The near-infrared color of HBC 722 is becoming bluer since its outburst. The pre-outburst Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) of HBC 722 is consistent with that of a slightly reddened Class II YSO with the exception of the extraordinary IR-excess in the far-infrared region.
Detection of urinary lactoferrin as an indicator of urinary tract infection in girls

Background and objective: Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding protein that is related in structure to transferrin. It is considered to be a part of the in­nate immune system. This study aimed to assess the role of urinary lactoferrin (LF) as an indicator for diagnosis of urinary tract infection among girls. Methods: This study was conducted on girls suffering from UTI. Urine samples were tested for Lactoferrin before and after two months of the treatment using ELISA technique. Results: Urine specimens were collected from 25 girls with mean age ± SD of 6 ± 3 years without UTI as a control group (C) and 25 girls with mean age ± SD of 5.3 ± 3.18 years diagnosed as suffering from UTI (T1) followed by a set of 25 specimens after two months (T2). The mean concentration of urinary LF ± SD was 670 ± 319 ng/ml in the specimens of control group whereas it was 1387 ± 509 in the specimens of girls with UTI during the infection (T1) and 885 ± 268 after two months (T2). The mean concentrations of urinary LF during the infection (T1) were significantly (P <0.001) increased compared with controls (C) and significantly (P = 0.003) decreased after two months (T2), that may refer to a role of urinary LF in UTI. There was no significant (P = 0.089) difference between the mean concentration of urinary LF after two months (T2) compared with controls (C) that may indicate to the normalization of LF concentration after the treatment synchronously with disappearing of UTI symptoms and significantly reduction of positive urinalysis results. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the elevation of urinary Lactoferrin (LF) in girls suffering from UTI and probably being a good indicator for diagnosis of UTI.
Fish and Benthic Invertebrates: Community Concordance and Community–Environment Relationships

Fish and benthic invertebrates from 40 lakes in south-central Ontario showed significantly concordant patterns based on community structure. Fish communities were associated significantly with lake morphological characteristics, but were uncorrelated with water chemistry. Large, deep lakes differed from shallow lakes in their fish species, having richer faunas due to the additional cold-water species. Centrarchid species occurred more frequently in small, shallow lakes than in larger lakes. The invertebrate community was not correlated with lake morphology, but showed a significant association with water chemistry, principally lake pH. A strong contrast in the abundance of Chaoborus and Holopedium existed, but it was unclear whether this was due to a predator–prey relationship or to differences in acid tolerance. Although the lakes showed similar patterns in the composition of both communities, each community was associated with a different set of environmental factors. Biotic processes within and between.
Preferential Admission and MBA Outcomes: Mismatch Effects by Race and Gender

Abstract We consider the “mismatch” hypothesis in the context of graduate management education. Both blacks and Hispanics, conditional on a rich set of human capital variables, prior earnings and work experience, and non-cognitive attributes, are favored in admission to top 50 Master of Business Administration (MBA) programs. To test for mismatch effects, we provide two comparisons: (1) comparable individuals (in terms of race, gender, and credentials) at different quality MBA programs and (2) individuals of differing race or gender (but with similar credentials) at comparable MBA programs. Despite admission preferences, blacks and Hispanics enjoy similar or even higher returns to selectivity than whites.
Studying conversion as a human activity system

This report was presented at the UK Organic Research 2002 Conference. Farmers convert to organic farming for a variety of reasons including environmental concerns, problems with conventional systems, and personal and financial reasons. They also vary in their management styles. These personal characteristics are rarely considered as explaining variables in comparative studies of farming systems, because of the contrasting methods used to evaluate personal objectives and attitudes as opposed to farm activities. Farming should be seen as a human activity system, in which people actively manage some natural resources, for the purpose of producing output, influenced by their subjective values and attitudes. The Farming Systems Research (FSR) approach aims to consider the social, cultural, ecological and economic context of farming, but provides little methodological guidance on how these aims can be achieved in a rigorous way. In this paper reference is made to the tradition of qualitative social inquiry, especially case studies, whereby inductive research is undertaken in real world situations without deliberate manipulation. The paper provides an example of case studies of converting dairy farms integrating structured data on farm activities with unstructured ones of personal characteristics.
Demonstrating the Possibility of Pareto Inferior Nash Equilibria

One of the serious challenges when teaching game theory to undergraduate students is to explain the occurrence of a multiplicity of equilibria and the related problem of equilibrium selection. Many equilibria are simply considered to be totally "unreasonable" and "senseless" by many students and worth their attention only because they fit the technical definition of an equilibrium as given in the textbook, which implies it might be useful to know how to find these equilibria only because of the final exam. A particular example of such "absurd" equilibria is the occurrence of Paretodominated equilibria, as in the bimatrix game Matching Colors (Figure 1). The (red, red) equilibrium with a payoff of 100 to each payer is not considered to be a serious possibility by most students. Even when they understand how it fits the definition of a Nash equilibrium (NE), they believe only exceptionally boundedly rational people would fall for it. (In some sense, it seems that many students are kibitzers [Binmore 1992, 397], people who watch games but do not play themselves and who tend to believe they know the right moves better than the players themselves.) Possible explanations referring to historical accidents and the dynamics of social norms appear somewhat abstract and receive mainly skeptical reactions in the classroom. This seems a typical situation in which a class-
Performance measures for small-bowel endoscopy: A European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Quality Improvement Initiative

The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) together with the United European Gastroenterology (UEG) recently developed a short list of performance measures for small-bowel endoscopy (i.e. small-bowel capsule endoscopy and device-assisted enteroscopy) with the final goal of providing endoscopy services across Europe with a tool for quality improvement. Six key performance measures both for small-bowel capsule endoscopy and for device-assisted enteroscopy were selected for inclusion, with the intention being that practice at both a service and endoscopist level should be evaluated against them. Other performance measures were considered to be less relevant, based on an assessment of their overall importance, scientific acceptability, and feasibility. Unlike lower and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, for which performance measures had already been identified, this is the first time small-bowel endoscopy quality measures have been proposed.
Heavy vehicle path control with neural networks An evaluation of neural networks for control of heavy vehicles

This thesis explores the possibility of using neural networks for solving the path control problem, i.e. how to follow a predefined path as closely as possible. Two main approaches are used to achieve this, namely supervised learning and reinforcement learning. The supervised learning approach is based on existing path trackers which are used to generate data for the training procedure. The reinforcement learning uses a genetic algorithm and simulations to evaluate possible solutions. The supervised learning controllers are constructed as feed forward neural networks only, while the reinforcement learning controllers uses a recurrent neural network. The results shows that neural networks can be trained to solve the path tracking problem, both with supervised and reinforcement learning methods. Both the feed forward networks and the recurrent networks outperform the geometric path trackers. Further, a recurrent network was shown to perform better than a feed forward network, which indicates that the dynamical properties of such networks can be useful in path tracking applications.
Numerical model of electrical potential within the human head

A realistic subject‐specific human head model was constructed based on structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) data. Electrical conductivities were assigned inhomogeneously according to tissue type and variability within each head segment. A three‐dimensional (3D) finite‐difference method (FDM) was used to compute the evolution of the electrical potential from a single electrical dipole within the brain. The Douglas–Rachford FDM and three versions of iterative FDM were tested on a three‐layer concentric sphere model. The successive over‐relaxation (SOR) iterative method showed the best convergence properties and hence was used to compute the electrical potential within a realistic head model. The effect of using inhomogeneous rather than homogeneous conductivities within head segments of this model was shown to be important. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scanning gate microscopy on a graphene nanoribbon

The metallic tip of a scanning probe microscope operated at a temperature of 1.7 K is used to locally induce a potential in a graphene nanoribbon. Images of the conductance through the device as a function of tip-position show that two centers of enhanced conductance are formed inside the structure. By applying a linescan-technique, it can be demonstrated that these two features correspond to two charge localizations, exhibiting the characteristics of quantum dots. Scanning gate microscopy allows us to characterize them with high resolution both in real space and as a function of energy.
Longitudinal Development of Segmental Trunk Control in Full Term and Preterm Infants- a Pilot Study: Part II

ABSTRACT Purpose: To explore the relationship between segmental trunk control and specific gross motor skills at 4, 8 and 12 months of (corrected) age in young infants. Methods: Thirty-one preterm infants and 30 full-term infants were recruited by convenience. All infants were tested using the Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control and the Alberta Infant Motor Scale at 4, 8 and 12 months of age. Results: The gross motor function in supine at 4 months and in the standing position at 12 months was significantly delayed in the preterm infants. Positive correlations were found between segmental trunk control levels and specific motor skills in prone, supine, sitting and standing positions at 8 and 12 months of age. Conclusion: This report was the first to demonstrate the association between segmental trunk control and specific gross motor skills in young infants. This new information provides clinicians with greater understanding about infant development.
Investigating Student Attitudes towards Augmented Reality

This study aimed to identify the attitudes of secondary school students towards AR applications and to investigate the change in these attitudes according to different variables. The study also aspired to determine the relationship between attitudes towards AR and achievement. General survey model was used in the study. The study group was composed of 54 7th graders attending there separate classes of a state school. In order to determine student attitudes towards AP applications in educational environments, students were first provided with the experience for 4 weeks (16 lessons). Research findings show that students have positive attitudes towards AR applications. Gender, ownership of personal computers and mobile devices were not found to change attitudes towards AR applications. While daily internet use was not found to affect AR attitudes, it was found that attitudes differed significantly according to frequency of playing computer games. Research findings show a meaningful relationship between AR attitudes and achievement.
SRTM 3" comparison with local information: Two examples at national level in Peru

The access to the high resolution digital terrain models (DEM) generated from the data collected by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) of NASA is freely available to the public. Consequently it has become a source of topographic information which is of great value to scientists involved in geophysical or geodetic analysis. De- spite the efforts of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), to validate and comple- ment the information contained in these DEMs (currently offered as version 4.1), they still need to be checked for their accuracy in certain regions of the planet. In this paper, the vertical accuracy of the SRTM 3" ver- sion 4.1 DEM was analyzed in several areas of Peru using two sets of control points: the height of the district capi- tals (the minor politics units) and the heights of the weather and hydrological stations from the National Meteorology and Hydrology Service (SENAMHI) of Peru. The compar- ison shows that the height differences are independent of the altitude, latitude and longitude of the evaluated points. They are rather related to the aspect of the terrain and to the way the SRTM data were acquired. It shows that the mean square of the height differences at national level was 20 m for district capitals and25 m for the SENAMHI stations. This is slightly larger than the overall accuracy of the SRTM16 m.
) Horizons Unlimited Apr 30 th , 1 : 00 PM Paper Session IIIC-Advanced Mechanisms For Space Applications

The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) is currently engaged in developing and demonstrating several advanced spacecraft and launch vehicle mechanism technologies. A variety of mechanisms are required to accomplish spacecraft and launch vehicle functions such as deployment, articulation, positioning, and isolation. Current off-the-shelf mechanisms such as pyrotechnics, gimbals, paraffin actuators, and electro-mechanical devices may not be able to meet future satellite requirements. For this reason, advanced technologies are needed that will increase mechanism efficiency in terms of cost, weight, reliability/survivability, and power consumption. In addition to developing these technologies, it is necessary to prove them in flight demonstrations in order to make technology transition feasible. This paper summarizes the status of several space-related programs being conducted by AFRL for developing and demonstrating new technology to support future DoD space requirements. One of these flight programs will fly the first whole-spacecraft isolation system on a Taurus launch vehicle in January 1998 and another will demonstrate the first solar array with overall array specific power greater than 150W/Kg in the fall of 2002. This solar array is being developed for flight on the third New Millennium Program technology demonstration flight.
A Visual Attention Based Object Detection Model beyond Top-Down and Bottom-up Mechanism

Traditional saliency-based attention theory supposed that bottom-up and top-down factors combine to direct attentional behavior. This dichotomy fails to explain a growing number of cases in which neither bottom-up nor top-down can account for strong selection biases. Thus, the top-down versus bottom-up dichotomy is an inadequate taxonomy of attentional control. In our previous study, we presented a general computational framework for detecting task-oriented salient objects in images beyond top-down and bottom-up mechanism. It possesses three parts: selection history, current goal and physical salience. Selection history is integrated with current goal and physical salience to compose an integrative framework. In this extended version, our ameliorated model is applied to face and car detection and simulates task-dependent reasonable eye trajectories (visual scan paths). Experimental results demonstrate that selection history (reward) is shown to influence saccade trajectories. Our findings support the idea that attention and gaze can be directed voluntarily to regions of interest (by selection history and current goal) and can be captured by local features of an object that stand out from the background (by physical salience).
Thermodynamic Evaluation of Energy Recovery System For Heavy Duty Diesel Engine by using Organic Rankine Cycle

The internal combustion engine is used daily for transportation and energy production beside their low thermal efficiency level. Most of the thermal energy in such engines is wasted. Therefore, energy recovery in diesel engines are crucial in order to enhance their performance and the environmental penalty. The present paper discusses the energy recovery potential of internal combustion engine cooling system by using organic Rankine cycle (ORC). An heavy-duty diesel engine that has a maximum brake power rating of about 345 kW is selected for the energy recovery potential investigation. Around eighty different type organic fluid is considered as the working fluid. Operability margin of each fluid as a function of cooling system pressure is identified based on fix evaporator and condensation conditions. The mass flow rates required for each ORC system are computed together with the cycle thermal efficiencies for each cycle conditions. The results show that such ORC system is capable of recovering up to 13.6% of the wasted heat which corresponds to a power recovery of about 24 kW and enhances the diesel engine brake efficiency by 2.4%.
Benefit Evaluation Model for Gamified Add- Ons in Business Software

Return on IT investment analysis has become a fundamental task of the finance function at corporations, let it be large multinational organizations or small and medium businesses (SME). Besides the cost analysis, the benefit analysis is also an essential component of economic calculations and decisions. Due to complicated profit calculations and estimation methods, the benefit of IT investments is less easily forecast and hence less frequently calculated than their costs. This study focuses on a special innovative type of IT investments, the gamified extensions of business software. Gamification, which refers to the use of game design elements in a non-gaming context, can expect big development in the field of business applications in the near future. Gamification features of business software generally enhance user experience, enabling people to do otherwise boring tasks. In the following we attempt to propose a sophisticated benefit evaluation model based on the hedonic wage model (HWM) and technology acceptance model (TAM) for this special type of IT projects.
Vibration measurement of a model wind turbine using high speed photogrammetry

We investigate the application of the photogrammetric approach to measuring the vibration of a model wind turbine in a sequence of stereo image pairs acquired by high speed cameras. The challenge of the photogrammetric measurement of a highly dynamic phenomenon is the efficiency of the point measurement process in a large number of images. We present a method for automated detection, tracking and measurement of photogrammetric targets in the sequence of stereo images. The tracking process exploits the knowledge of the circular motion of the rotor blades, and thus of the targets, to reduce the space of search for correspondences. The vibration is derived as the deviation of the 3D reconstructed targets from the plane defined by the first two principal components of the target positions in a complete revolution. Our experimental results show the robustness and accuracy of the proposed method for vibration measurement in a highspeed image sequence.
Using hydrothermal time concepts to model seed germination response to temperature, dormancy loss, and priming effects in Elymus elymoides

Abstract Hydrothermal time (HTT) describes progress toward seed germination under various combinations of incubation water potential ( ) and temperature (T). To examine changes in HTT parameters during dormancy loss, seeds from two populations of the bunchgrass Elymus elymoides were incubated under seven temperature regimes following dry storage at 10, 20 and 30°C for intervals from 0 to 16 weeks. Fully after-ripened seeds were primed for 1 week at a range of s. Data on germination rate during priming were used to obtain a HTT equation for each seed population, while data obtained following transfer to water were used to calculate HTT accumulation during priming. HTT equations accurately predicted germination time course curves if mean base water potential, b(50), was allowed to vary with temperature. b(50) values increased linearly with temperature, explaining why germination rate does not increase with temperature in this species. b(50) showed a linear decrease as a function of thermal time in storage. Slopes for the T × b(50) relationship did not change during after-ripening. This thermal after-ripening time model was characterized by a single base temperature and a constant slope across temperatures for each collection. Because the difference between initial and final b(50)s was uniform across tempera-tures, the thermal after-ripening requirement was also a constant. When seeds were primed for 1 week at −4 to −20 MPa, accumulation of HTT was a uniform 20% of the total HTT requirement. When primed at 0 to −4 MPa, HTT accumulation decreased linearly with decreasing priming potential, and a hydrothermal priming time model using a constant minimum priming potential adequately described priming effects. Use of these simple HTT relationships will facilitate modelling of germination phenology in the field.
no own unknowns with prototypes : Eliciting unkn Introducing prototrials and prototrial-driven cultures

This paper maps and describes how prototypes are used to elicit requirements of unknown unknowns in industry. Eight engineering design companies serve as a dataset for a multi-case investigation. By semi-quantitatively analysing 19 prototypes in terms of functionality, timing, stakeholder involvement and requirement elicitation, we present a wide spectrum of prototype utilizations. However, this broad span leads to misunderstandings of what the term ‘prototype’ encompasses, hindering exploitation of its full potential. Hence, we introduce the term ‘prototrial’ that covers functional prototypes utilized in the early stages of the design process, prototypes that effectively elicit unknown unknowns. With this contribution, we encourage introducing mind-sets and behaviours that aim at exploration and learning rather than lean implementation e a prototrial-driven culture. 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-ncnd/4.0/).