Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New method for dispatching waiting logical processors in virtual machine system

A virtual machine system can run multiple conventional operating systems (OSs) in a single real host computer. A virtual machine is a logical computer with almost the same architecture as the host, and may contain several logical processors. A hypervisor is a control program to control this virtual machine system. Traditionally, the hypervisor has to receive an I/O interrupt pending for a waiting logical processor, and to simulate the I/O interrupt, consequently incurring the simulation overhead of the I/O interrupt. To avoid this overhead we present a new method which introduces a new self-wait state different from the conventional wait state, presents a new instruction for the hypervisor to detect the I/O interrupts pending for the logical processors in the self-wait state, and dispatches those logical processors on the detection ahead of the ready queue. This new method has eliminated the simulation overhead of those I/O interrupts, and enhanced the system performance to the near native.
From extreme programming and usability engineering to extreme usability in software engineering education (XP+UE /spl rarr/ XU)

The success of extreme programming (XP) is based, among other things, on an optimal communication in teams of 6-12 persons, simplicity, frequent releases and a reaction to changing demands. Most of all, the customer is integrated into the development process, with constant feedback. This is very similar to usability engineering (UE) which follows a spiral four phase procedure model (analysis, draft, development, test) and a three step (paper mock-up, prototype, final product) production model. In comparison, these phases are extremely shortened in XP; also the ideal team size in UE user-centered development is 4-6 people, including the end-user. The two development approaches have different goals but, at the same time, employ similar methods to achieve them. It seems obvious that there must be synergy in combining them. The authors present ideas in how to combine them in an even more powerful development method called extreme usability (XU). The most important issue of this paper is that the authors have embedded their ideas into software engineering education.
Knowledge Interconnection Based on Binary Semantic Relation Analysis

Knowledge interconnection, which is a method from the point of knowledge discovery, plays an important role in many knowledge systems such as natural language query system and intelligence tutor system. The paper firstly discussed some kinds of interconnectivities of two closed-semantic statements with the form <C,R,C′> by analyzing the properties of binary semantic relations and the implications among semantic relations. These implications can be acquired by using the attribute exploration algorithm in Formal Concept Analysis (FCA). And then the paper proposed an interactive interconnection algorithm, which is used to judge whether there exist meaningful interconnection factor between two statements.
Which Android App Store Can Be Trusted in China?

China has the world's largest Android population with 270 million active users. However, Google Play is only accessible by about 30% of them, and third-party app stores are thus used by 70% of them for daily Android apps (applications) discovery. The trustworthiness of Android app stores in China is still an open question. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study on the trustworthy level of top popular Android app stores in China, by discovering the identicalness and content differences between the APK files hosted in the app stores and the corresponding official APK files. First, we have selected 25 top apps that have the highest installations in China and have the corresponding official ones downloaded from their official websites as oracle, and have collected total 506 APK files across 21 top popular app stores (20 top third party stores as well as Google Play). Afterwards, APK identical checking and APK difference analysis are conducted against the corresponding official versions. Next, assessment is applied to rank the severity of APK files. All the apps are classified into 3 severity levels, ranging from safe (identical and higher level), warning (lower version or modifications on resource related files) to critical (modifications on permission file and/or application codes). Finally, the severity levels contribute to the final trustworthy ranking score of the 21 stores. The study indicates that about only 26.09% of level APK files are safe, 37.74% of them are at warning level, and 36.17% of them are surprisingly at critical level. We have also found out that 10 (about 2%) APK files are modified and resigned by unknown third-parties. In addition, the average trustworthy ranking score (47.37 over 100) has also highlighted that the trustworthy level of the Android app stores in China is relatively low. In conclusion, we suggest Android users to download APK files from its corresponding official websites or use the highest ranked third-party app stores, and we appeal app stores to ensure all hosting APK files are trustworthy enough to provide a "safe-to-download" environment.
Net Exchange of CO2 in a Mid-Latitude Forest

The eddy correlation method was used to measure the net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide continuously from April 1990 to December 1991 in a deciduous forest in central Massachusetts. The annual net uptake was 3.7 � 0.7 metric tons of carbon per hectare per year. Ecosystem respiration, calculated from the relation between nighttime exchange and soil temperature, was 7.4 metric tons of carbon per hectare per year, implying gross ecosystem production of 11.1 metric tons of carbon per hectare per year. The observed rate of accumulation of carbon reflects recovery from agricultural development in the 1800s. Carbon uptake rates were notably larger than those assumed for temperate forests in global carbon studies. Carbon storage in temperate forests can play an important role in determining future concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Text Mining Analysis in Turkish Language Using Big Data Tools

Gigantic amount of content is generated every second on the web. Blog posts, tweets, videos, uploaded images maintain the rich and increasing content of the social media. Great amount of information is obtained from social media through text mining techniques which are being improved and developed continuously. Due to the increasing variety of social media, data is flooding into every business and techniques of gathering information from unstructured data becomes a challenge. Processing and analyzing of large collections of social media text is difficult by using traditional single computer methods. Fortunately, with each passing day, the development and improvements in Big Data infrastructure are promising and the analysis capabilities are also increasing. This infrastructure supports language independent researches on text mining. There can be diversified searches with language-specific definitions and assumptions. Since many of the studies on social media text mining analysis focus on English language, this paper would help enhance text mining efficiently in Turkish language which is a word order free agglutinative language. The linguistic aspects of Turkish language make text mining complicated. Suffixes can change the word meanings easily. Word stemming becomes elaborated due to indigenous letters. The intent of this article is to demonstrate the issues, methods and applications of qualitative approaches that enable text mining in Turkish language considering its compelling features with covering preprocessing, feature selection and topic clustering on text mining considering Turkish linguistic features.
Paleoatmospheric Signatures in Neogene Fossil Leaves

An increase in the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration results in a decrease in the number of leaf stomata. This relation is known both from historical observations of vegetation over the past 200 years and from experimental manipulations of microenvironments. Evidence from stomatal frequencies of fossil Quercus petraea leaves indicates that this relation can be applied as a bioindicator for changes in paleoatmospheric CO2 concentrations during the last 10 million years. The data suggest that late Neogene CO2 concentrations fluctuated between about 280 and 370 parts per million by volume.
How can user-centred design affect the acceptance and adoption of service oriented healthcare information systems?

This paper examines healthcare information systems (HIS) integration through service oriented architectures (SOA) and cloud computing by employing a user-centred design (UCD) approach. In order to investigate this area, three research issues were defined and tested through a case study strategy. Our research is based on data collected from three hospitals that are based in different European Union (EU) regions. Overall 29 participants from Northern, Central and Southern EU states were interviewed and provided significant data. From the research analysis it is revealed that two out of the three proposed research issues were verified and show that: a) changes can be introduced to the UCD process to improve the usability, acceptance and adoption of integrated patient-centred HIS; b) Mantzana et al.’s (2007) method can be used during UCD to uncover hidden key users and improve the gathering of users’ needs, roles and profiles. As a result, we altered the UCD process by adding new phases in the process. We expect that the new UCD process will have implications to the research and practice and will help developers to improve their software solutions.
Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Two Patients With Cancer Taking Rivaroxaban

Pharmacologic agents for the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism in the cancer patient population are limited. Currently, low-molecular-weight heparin is recommended by national consensus guidelines for this indication. Rivaroxaban, an oral factor Xa inhibitor, is Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism and offers the convenience of oral fixed-dose regimens, no routine laboratory monitoring, and has few drug and dietary interactions; however, its use in patients with cancer has not been largely studied. We report 2 cases of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with active cancer on rivaroxaban therapy. The first case is a 64-year-old female admitted for recurrent pulmonary embolism, and the second case is a 70-year-old female admitted for recurrent deep vein thrombosis. Both patients were receiving rivaroxaban at the time of thromboembolic recurrence. These cases serve as a reminder to health-care providers that more safety and efficacy data in the cancer patient population are needed prior to using rivaroxaban for venous thromboembolism treatment.
Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of River Systems in the Northern Third of the World

Seventy-seven percent of the total water discharge of the 139 largest river systems in North America north of Mexico, in Europe, and in the republics of the former Soviet Union is strongly or moderately affected by fragmentation of the river channels by dams and by water regulation resulting from reservoir operation, interbasin diversion, and irrigation. The remaining free-flowing large river systems are relatively small and nearly all situated in the far north, as are the 59 medium-sized river systems of Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Denmark. These conditions indicate that many types of river ecosystems have been lost and that the populations of many riverine species have become highly fragmented. To improve the conservation of biodiversity and the sustainable use of biological resources, immediate action is called for to create an international preservation network of free-flowing river systems and to rehabilitate exploited rivers in areas that lack unaffected watercourses.
A survey of key management in ad hoc networks

The wireless and dynamic nature of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) leaves them more vulnerable to security attacks than their wired counterparts. The nodes act both as routers and as communication end points. This makes the network layer more prone to security attacks. A main challenge is to judge whether or not a routing message originates from a trustworthy node. The solution thus far is cryptographically signed messages. The general assumption is that nodes in possession of a valid secret key can be trusted. Consequently, a secure and efficient key-management scheme is crucial. Keys are also required for protection of application data. However, the focus here is on network-layer management information. Whereas keymanagement schemes for the upper layers can assume an already running network service, schemes for the protection of the network layer cannot. Keys are a prerequisite to bootstrap a protected network service. This article surveys the state of the art within key management for ad hoc networks, and analyzes their applicability for network-layer security. The analysis puts some emphasis on their applicability in scenarios such as emergency and rescue operations, as this work was initiated by a study of security in MANETs for emergency and rescue operations.
A Dual-Function Filter for 5.25GHZ Narrowband and 3.6GHZ-10.1GHZ Ultrawideband Systems

A filter was designed for use either in narrowband or UWB system by switching the function. In the NB function, the filter performs as a channel select filter at 5.25GHz with adjustable gain and BW. In the UWB function, the filter acts as an LNA from 3.6-10.1 GHz with the capacity of eliminating the 5.25GHz NB interference signal. The design uses the mainstream 0.18 mum CMOS technology. The filter consumes 27 mW at 1.8V supply and exhibits a good performance in both functions. This filter allows the same receiver front- end to provide NB or UWB service and reduces system complexity and cost.
Identification of a Putative Target for Rho as the Serine-Threonine Kinase Protein Kinase N

Rho, a Ras-like small guanosine triphosphatase, has been implicated in cytoskeletal responses to extracellular signals such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to form stress fibers and focal contacts. The form of RhoA bound to guanosine triphosphate directly bound to and activated a serine-threonine kinase, protein kinase N (PKN). Activated RhoA formed a complex with PKN and activated it in COS-7 cells. PKN was phosphorylated in Swiss 3T3 cells stimulated with LPA, and this phosphorylation was blocked by treatment of cells with botulinum C3 exoenzyme. Activation of Rho may be linked directly to a serine-threonine kinase pathway.
Mixed-VTH (MVT) CMOS circuit design for low power cell libraries

Mixed-Vth (MVT) technique has been proposed to resize the MOS size and then reduce dynamic power in logic gates by applying a low threshold voltage to transistors in some critical paths, while a standard threshold voltage is used in non-critical paths. This paper presents 130nm and 90nm low power cell libraries using MVT technique. The dynamic power consumption of the cells has been reduced around 5% to 30% and with the same timing specifications.
Area-driven decoupling capacitance allocation based on space sensitivity analysis for signal integrity

In this paper, based on the space sensitivity for the decoupling capacitor to release the IR-drop constraint and to minimize the final floorplan area in a given floorplan, an area-driven allocation approach is proposed to integrate the decap estimation and allocation to assign feasible decaps around or near all the circuit modules to release all the IR-drop noises in the floorplan. The experimental results show that our proposed area-driven allocation approach obtains very promising timing and area results for MCNC benchmark circuits.
Dynamics of Oxidation of a Fe2+-Bearing Aluminosilicate (Basaltic) Melt

Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and microscopy demonstrate that the ∼1400°C oxidation of levitated droplets of a natural Fe2+-bearing aluminosilicate (basalt) melt occurs by chemical diffusion of Fe2+ and Ca2+ to the free surface of the droplet; internal oxidation of the melt results from the required counterflux of electron holes. Diffusion of an oxygen species is not required. Oxidation causes the droplets to go subsolidus; magnetite (Fe3O4) forms at the oxidation-solidification front with a morphology suggestive of a Liesegang-band nucleation process.
Functional Magnetic Resonance Image Analysis of a Large-Scale Neurocognitive Network

Many "higher-order" mental functions are subserved by large-scale neurocognitive networks comprising several spatially distributed and functionally specialized brain regions. We here report statistical and graphical methods of functional magnetic resonance imaging data analysis which can be used to elucidate the functional relationships (i.e., connectivity and distance) between elements of a neurocognitive network in a single subject. Data were acquired from a normal right-handed volunteer during periodic performance of a task which demanded visual and semantic processing of words and subvocalization of a decision about the meaning of each word. Major regional foci of activation were identified (by sinusoidal regression modeling and spatiotemporal randomization tests) in left extrastriate cortex, angular gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, superior and middle temporal gyri, lateral premotor cortex, and Broca's area. Principal component (PC) analysis was initially undertaken by singular value decomposition (SVD) of the "raw" time series observed at 170 activated voxels. This revealed a large functional distance (negative connectivity) between visual processing systems and all other brain regions in the space of the first PC. SVD of a matrix of fitted time series, and a matrix of six sinusoidal regression parameters estimated at each activated voxel, were developed as less noisy (more informative) alternatives to SVD of the "raw" data. Canonical variate analysis of denoised data was then used to clarify functional relationships between the major regional foci. Visual input analysis systems (extrastriate cortex and angular gyrus) were colocalized in the space of the first canonical variate (CV) and significantly separated from all other brain regions. Semantic analysis systems (supramarginal and temporal gyri) were colocalized and significantly separated in the space of the second CV from the subvocal output system (Broca's area). These results are provisionally interpreted in terms of underlying hemodynamic events and cognitive psychological theory.
A Neurocognitive Account of Frontal Lobe Involvement in Orthographic Lexical Retrieval: An fMRI Study

The present study aimed to examine the relationship between activation induced by an orthographic lexical retrieval (OLR) task and performance across time on the standard clinical version of OLR, the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT). The number of significantly activated pixels in a frontal lobe region of interest (encompassing middle and inferior frontal gyri) were measured for the left and right cerebral hemispheres in 20 volunteers. A relationship between the pixel count and the total number of words retrieved during the COWAT was found for the left but not the right hemisphere. Further examination of the left-sided relationship showed that the number of pixels in the left middle frontal region of interest correlated significantly with the second, but not the first, 30-s COWAT epoch. By contrast, the first epoch, but not the second, correlated significantly with the pixel count within the left inferior frontal region of interest. These relationships suggest differential involvement of dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex in specific cognitive processes fundamental to the production of language. Interindividual variation in activation levels may reflect underlying differences in cognitive processing capacity. This study is the first attempt to examine the relationship between fMRI activation and standard verbal fluency performance.
Microstructural but Not Macrostructural Disruption of White Matter in Women with Chronic Alcoholism

The results of in vivo neuroimaging studies assessing whether and where brain white matter damage occurs in alcoholic women is controversial. To address this controversy, we examined regional white matter macrostructure and microstructure, the latter of which may be more sensitive to the detection of subtle fiber disruption than gross measures of size. Accordingly, we used conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify regional callosal size and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to examine intravoxel coherence (fractional anisotropy, FA) and intervoxel coherence (C) of white matter of the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum and of the centrum semiovale in 12 detoxified alcoholic women and 18 control women. Additional analyses examined sex differences in FA and C in alcoholic women compared with alcoholic men. Despite absence of group differences in regional areas of callosal macrostructure, the alcoholic women had lower FA and C in genu and centrum semiovale than the control group of women. These measures also correlated with total lifetime consumption of alcohol and performance on a test of visual search in the alcoholic women. Sex comparisons revealed similar extents of FA abnormality in the genu and centrum semiovale in alcoholic men and women and differential effects in other DTI measures, with abnormalities present in splenium FA and C in the men and abnormalities present in centrum C in the women. These results provide in vivo evidence for disruption of white matter microstructure in alcoholic women not necessarily detectable with coarser measures of white matter mass and perhaps antedating its appearance.
Neural Correlates for the Acquisition of Natural Language Syntax

Some types of simple and logically possible syntactic rule never occur in human language grammars, leading to a distinction between grammatical and nongrammatical syntactic rules. Comparison of the neuroanatomical correlates underlying the acquisition of grammatical and nongrammatical rules can provide relevant evidence on the neural processes dedicated to language acquisition in a given developmental stage. Until present no direct evidence on the neural mechanisms subserving language acquisition at any developmental stage has been supplied. We used fMRI in investigating the acquisition of grammatical and nongrammatical rules in the specified sense in 14 healthy adults. Grammatical rules compared with nongrammatical rules specifically activated a left hemispheric network including Broca's area, as shown by direct comparisons between the two rule types. The selective role of Broca's area was further confirmed by time x condition interactions and by proficiency effects, in that higher proficiency in grammatical rule usage, but not in usage of nongrammatical rules, led to higher levels of activation in this area. These findings provide evidence for the neural mechanisms underlying language acquisition in adults.