Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PEDOGÊNESE E CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE SOLOS DA FAZENDA EXPERIMENTAL “RAFAEL FERNANDES” NO MUNICÍPIO DE MOSSORÓ, RN

The Rafael Fernandes experimental farm is located in the Alagoinha district, northwest of Mossoro, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, over two pedogenic formations of different edaphic characteristics, thus needing a more detailed description of its soil types, since this area hosts several experimental fields for researches on agriculture. The objective of this work was to characterize the morphological, physical, chemical and mineralogical features of the most representative soils of this farm, in order to understand its pedogenesis and define its classifications. The whole area was surveyed in order to assess its more representative pedogenic formations. Three soil profiles were classified and described, from which samples were collected in all horizons for physical, chemical and mineralogical analysis. The parent materials and the relief were the determining factors for pedogenic processes of desilication, podzolization and laterization, generating the three main soil types of the area, which were classified up to the 4 th categorical level and described as: Typic Rhodustults (P1), Rhodic Haplustox (P2) and Typic Plinthustalfs (P3).
Solvent-free Zinc-catalyzed Amine N-Formylation

C for 2 h (entry 1). Among the various metals examined for this transformation, zinc was found to be the most effective in terms of chemical yield and reaction time (entries 2-4). Activated zinc was observ-ed to be even more effective, affording 97% of the desired pro-duct in 30 min (entry 5). With a stoichiometric amount of zinc, the reaction showed very similar efficiency to the catalytic vari-ant of the reaction (entry 6). A decrease in the amount of formic acid produced a lower yield of the desired product (entry 7). Increasing the reaction temperature up to 100
A bound constrained conjugate gradient solution method as applied to crystallographic refinement problems

Small modifications to the conjugate gradient method for solving symmetric positive definite systems have resulted in an increase in performance over LU decomposition by a factor of around 84 for solving a dense system of 1325 unknowns. Performance is further increased in the case of applying upper- and lower-bound parameter constraints. For structure solution employing simulated annealing and the Newton-Raphson method of non-linear least squares, the overall performance gain can be a factor of four, depending on the applied constraints. In addition, the new algorithm with bounding constraints often seeks out lower minima than would otherwise be attainable without constraints. The behaviour of the new algorithm has been tested against the crystallographic problems of Pawley refinement, rigid-body and general crystal structure refinement.
Cavity Ring-Down Polarimetry (CRDP): A New Scheme for Probing Circular Birefringence and Circular Dichroism in the Gas Phase

Cavity ring-down polarimetry (CRDP), a new, ultrasensitive method for probing circular birefringence and circular dichroism, has been developed by extending the well-established technique of pulsed cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS). The concurrent incorporation of polarization elements into the stable resonator, injection optics, and detection train of a conventional CRDS apparatus is found to permit the quantitative measurement of optical rotation and differential absorption induced by the presence of chiral compounds. The sensitivity of this novel scheme is sufficient to allow (low-pressure) gas-phase species to be interrogated under ambient conditions, a fact highlighted by the direct determination of specific rotation at 355 nm for gaseous samples of α-pinene, β-pinene, cis-pinane, limonene, fenchone, and propylene oxide. Although usually precluded by the signal discrimination limits imposed upon traditional polarimeters, such gas-phase studies of nonresonant optical activity in the visible and nea.
Phase Transition of Confined Gold Nanoparticles: Replica Exchange Molecular Dynamics Study †

The classical molecular dynamics simulation was used to study the phase transition of gold nanoparticles under confinement using Sutton-Chen (SC) potential. Metal gold nanoparticles with different number of atoms are subject to replica exchange molecular dynamics simulation for this purpose. The simulation showing the solidto-liquid melting temperature largely remains unaffected by confinement, while the confinement induces characteristic pre-melting at very low temperature depending on atom number in nanoparticles.
Modeling Base Oil Properties using NMR Spectroscopy and Neural Networks

A method to correlate average base oil structure with physical properties using an approach that combines NMR spectroscopy with an artificial neural network to develop a model is described. 13C NMR spectroscopy is used to characterize the average structure of the oil. The structural information derived from NMR is then modeled against the experimentally observed physical properties of an initial database of oils using a neural network. A number of properties have been modeled in this fashion, such as viscosity index, Noack volatility, pour point, an aniline point. This type of approach has led to an improvement in the relatively unexplored area of predicting base oil performance. Presented at the 56th Annual Meeting in Orlando, Florida May 20–24, 2001
Polarized fluorescence study in human cervical tissue: change in autofluorescence through different excitation wavelengths

This study aims towards applying the intrinsic fluorescence technique, extracted from polarized fluorescence, to detect subtle biochemical changes occurring during the progression of cancer from human cervical tissue samples. The efficacy of this technique, earlier validated through tissue phantoms, is tested in human cervical tissues by comparing the biochemical changes for diagnostic purpose at different wavelengths. It is pertinent to note that the co and crosspolarized fluorescence do not display the high sensitivity obtained through extracted intrinsic fluorescence. We observed that sensitivity and specificity of intrinsic fluorescence technique is high at 325 and 370nm for Collagen and NADH respectively in comparison to 350nm excitation wavelength. It may be concluded that decoupled information at 325 and 370nm wavelengths for collagen and NADH respectively, through intrinsic fluorescence provides better diagnostic parameter for early detection of cervical dysplasia. This information can provide a guiding path for designing a probe for clinical purpose.
Study of the pretilt angle for 5CB on rubbed polyimide films containing trifluoromethyl moiety and analysis of the surface atomic concentration of F/C(%) with an electron spectroscope for chemical analysis

We have investigated the generation of the pretilt angles for nematic liquid crystal (5CB) aligned in the cells using rubbed polyimide (PI) films containing trifluoromethyl moieties as a function of rubbing strength (RS). In order to characterize the films, we have conducted an analysis of the surface atomic concentration of fluorine (F) relative to that of carbon (C), F/C(%) with an electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) in the shallow surface region at the depth of 3 and 12 nm. It is shown that the F/C ratio at a depth of 3 nm decreases with RS, and that the observed pretilt angle shows a high value approaching 45° in the weak RS region, and tends to decrease with increasing RS. The existence of the trifluoromethyl moiety in the special PI, and its appearance in the surface region are considered to be responsible for the generation of high pretilt angles at low RS region since a surface covered by fluorine atoms has a low surface energy and the van der Waals dispersion force is thought to be.
Liquid−Liquid Equilibria for the Binary Systems of N-Formylmorpholine with Branched Cycloalkanes

Liquid−liquid equilibrium (LLE) data were measured for three binary systems containing N-formylmorpholine and branched cycloalkanes (methylcyclopentane, methylcyclohexane, and ethylcyclohexane) over the temperature range around 300 K to close to the upper critical solution temperature (UCST) using circulation type equipment with an equilibrium view cell. The compositions of both branched cycloalkane rich and N-formylmorpholine rich phases were analyzed by on-line gas chromatography. The binary liquid−liquid equilibrium data were correlated with the NRTL and UNIQUAC equations using temperature-dependent parameters. Although clear deviation was observed in the vicinity of the UCST, the NRTL and UNIQUAC equations fitted the experimental data well. The solubility of cycloalkane in the N-formylmorpholine increases in the following order at the same temperature: methylcyclopentane, methylcyclohexane, and ethylcyclohexane.
Development of an objective mental workload assessment tool based on Rasmussen's skill–rule–knowledge framework

It is important to monitor operators’ mental workload during the operation phase. Physiological measurement approaches could record the operator's mental data continuously, and might be less interruptive on the work activities. However, these methods often require the attachment of physical sensors, which are not unobtrusive in the physical sense. Furthermore, the individual difference makes calibrating to each individual tedious and requires trained persons to use. Often high noise-to-signal ratio data are hard to analyze. Due to these factors, physiological workload measurements are hardly widely applied in practical fields. In this study, an objective, non-intrusive and performance-based mental workload predictive model was proposed with high validity (R2 = 0.51), which can be applied during the operation phrase. This model, developed based on the Rasmussen's skill–rule–knowledge framework, is comprised of two novel cognitive indices, the attention required index and uncertainty index. It can be used as the basis for establishing an early online warning system automatically. Furthermore, this model also predicts the types of error-prone tasks. This kind of information is expected to provide managers and supervisors with opportunities to intervene and improve tasks before error occurred. Finally, the predictive model proposed in this paper requires more practical application in fields to be completed.
Diode laser probing of CO2 and CO vibrational excitation produced by collisions with high energy electrons from 193 nm excimer laser photolysis of iodine

Time domain diode laser absorption spectroscopy has been used to measure vibrational, rotational, and translational excitation of CO2 and CO following excimer laser photolysis of iodine in a low pressure mixture of CO2 and I2 or CO and I2. Nascent rotational population distributions have been measured in a number of low‐lying CO2 vibrational levels, including 0001, 1000, 0200, 0220, and 0002 as well as the v=1 level of CO. In addition, measurements of CO2 translational excitation have been obtained for the majority of the rovibrational states probed. Significant vibrational excitation of CO2 has been observed with almost no increase in rotational and translational energy of the molecule. These results are consistent with the production of vibrationally excited CO2 via collisions with hot electrons which arise from multiphoton ionization of I2. Direct detection of the electrons has been accomplished using a time‐resolved magnetic induction technique.
Kinetics of carbon monoxide oxidation with Sn0.95M0.05O2−δ (M = Cu, Fe, Mn, Co) catalysts

Base metal substituted Sn0.95M0. 05O2−δ (M = Cu, Fe, Mn, Co) catalysts were synthesized by the solution combustion method and characterized by XRD, XPS, TEM and BET surface area analysis. The catalytic activities of these materials were investigated by performing CO oxidation. The rates and the apparent activation energies of the reaction for CO oxidation were determined for each catalyst. All the substituted catalysts showed high rates and lower activation energies for the oxidation of CO as compared to unsubstituted SnO2. The rate was found to be much higher over copper substituted SnO2 as compared to other studied catalysts. 100% CO conversion was obtained below 225 °C over this catalyst. A bifunctional reaction mechanism was developed that accounts for CO adsorption on base metal and support ions and O2 dissociation on the oxide ion vacancy. The kinetic parameters were determined by fitting the model to the experimental data. The high rates of the CO oxidation reactions at low temperatures were rationalized by the high dissociative chemisorption of adsorbed O2 over these catalysts.
Water Removal by Freeze-Drying of Hardened Cement Paste

This paper investigates the water removal extent of freeze-drying (F-drying) technique on hardened cement pastes. Two cement pastes with w/c = 0.5, 0.3 were prepared, and the authors measured the hydration degree, specific surface area, porosity, and solid skeleton density of the material samples at curing ages from 7 days to 180 days. From these results, the C-S-H gel volumes of samples are predicted from Jennings model and also evaluated from drying data. The good agreement between the results of two approaches confirms that F-drying removes only partially the water in gel pores of LD C-S-H structure. At the age of 180 days, the residual porosity saturated by water after F-drying is evaluated as 28% (w/c = 0.5) and 55% (w/c = 0.3) with dried C-S-H estimated as 28% (w/c = 0.5) and 13% (w/c = 0.3).
Direct growth of high-rate capability and high capacity copper sulfide nanowire array cathodes for lithium-ion batteries

A general solution method for the growth of highly ordered large-scale Cu2S nanowire arrays onto the copper metal current collector substrates has been developed. The electrochemical behaviors of Cu2S nanowire array cathodes for lithium-ion battery applications reveal that they exhibit stable lithium-ion insertion/extraction reversibility, high reversible lithium storage capacity, long cycle life and outstanding rate capability. The superb electrochemical performance can be attributed to the nanowire arrays having increased reaction sites, improved cycle life in the face of mechanical strain and efficient charge transport. With the simplicity of fabrication and good electrochemical properties, the Cu2S nanowire arrays are promising cathode materials for the practical use in the next generation lithium-ion batteries.
Micromorphological investigations of cultivated Gray Luvisols under different management practices.

Research on cultivated and uncultivated Gray Luvisols at the Breton Plots was conducted to determine the effects of management practices on soil fabric arrangements. Soil fabrics were readily classified into two dominant groupings: the granic sequence for cultivated layers and upper solum of uncultivated soil and the fragmic sequence for Bt horizons. Mullgranic and humigranic sequences were also characteristic of pedotubules in all horizons examined. The investigations showed that tillage practices play a much larger role in determining fabric arrangements than do fertilizer treatments, within and among f-members best classified as crumbs and clods. However, clods, crumbs and crusts of cultivated layers were frequently found to comprise basic granic units (approximately 150–200 μm) which expressed a variable degree of granularity. The granules were most discrete and strongly developed in plots receiving organic fertilizer and where grasses and cereals were grown in rotation; their plasma fabric also showe.
VARIETAL STUDY OF ANTHURIUM (ANTHURIUM ANDRAEANUM) AS A CUT FLOWER IN BANGLADESH

Five varieties viz., Caesar, Aymara, Ivory, Jewel, and Triticaca were in use for the study in Randomized Complete Block Design with five replications. Significant differences among cultivars were noted for all attributes evaluated. Variety ‘Triticaca’ had maximum stalk length and diameter, spathe length and breadth, spadix length, vase life and flowers per plant. Through present analysis it is noticed that, variety ‘Titicaca’ are exceedingly preferred because of its attractive flowers, excellent flower size, yield potentiality and long shelf life. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jbas.v37i1. 15686 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 37, No. 1, 103-107, 2013
Computerized Model for the Prediction of Thermal Responses of Packaged Solid‐Liquid Food Mixture Undergoing Thermal Processes

A COMPUTERIZED MODEL for the prediction of thermal responses and lethality of packaged particles-liquid food was developed by assuming a statistical particle volume distribution for spherical, cylindrical, oblate spheroidal-shaped particles. For the model development, an overall heat balance equation was solved in combination with an equation for transient heat conduction. To solve the latter, Duhamel's theorem and empirical formulae containing f- and j-values were used. The reliability of the model was verified experimentally by processing canned potatoes-in-brine in an agitated cooker.
Dynamic Optimization of Nonlinear Processes with an Enhanced Scatter Search Method

An enhanced scatter search method for the global dynamic optimization of nonlinear processes using the control vector parametrization (CVP) approach is presented. Sharing some features of the scatter search metaheuristic, this new method presents a simpler but more effective design which helps to overcome typical difficulties of nonlinear dynamic systems optimization such as noise, flat areas, nonsmoothness, and/or discontinuities. This new algorithm provides a good balance between robustness and efficiency in the global phase, and couples a local search procedure to accelerate the convergence to optimal solutions. Its application to four multimodal dynamic optimization problems, compared with other state-of-the-art global optimization algorithms, including an advanced scatter search design, proves its efficiency and robustness, showing a very good scalability.
Photochemistry of meta-substituted and para-substituted aromatic polycarbonyl compounds

Etude du comportement photochimique des triisopropyl-2,4,6- et triethyl-2,4,6-benzophenones diversement substituees en positions 3' ou 4' (en particulier des di-, tri- et tetracetones). Obtention de derives aroyles du bicyclo [4.2. 0] octatriene-1,3,5ol-7
Membrane in a reactor: A functional perspective

Membrane reactors have found utility in a broad range of applications including biochemical, chemical, environmental, and petrochemical systems. The variety of membrane separation processes, the novel characteristics of membrane structures, and the geometrical advantages offered by the membrane modules have been employed to enhance and assist reaction schemes to attain higher performance levels compared to conventional approaches. In these, membranes perform a wide variety of functions, often more than one function in a given context. An understanding of these various membrane functions will be quite useful in future development and commercialization of membrane reactors. This overview develops a functional perspective for membranes in a variety of reaction processes. Various functions of the membranes in a reactor can be categorized according to the essential role of the membranes. They can be employed to introduce/separate/purify reactant(s) and products, to provide the surface for reactions, to provide.
Processing of Acacia dealbata in Aqueous Media: First Step of a Wood Biorefinery

In order to assess the suitability of autohydrolysis as a first biorefinery stage, Acacia dealbata wood samples were heated in aqueous media to a range of 170−240 °C. Under selected operational conditions (maximum temperature, 215 °C), 70% xylan was converted into xylooligosaccharides, whereas cellulose and lignin remained in solid phase with little alteration. The spent solids from treatments contained 65% cellulose (measured as glucan), 8% hemicelluloses, and 27% lignin. Kinetic models describing the Acacia dealbata wood solubilization as well as the autohydrolysis of the polysaccharide fractions (glucan, xylan, and arabinosyl and acetyl substituents of hemicelluloses) were developed. All the models considered sequential, first-order, pseudohomogeneous kinetics, with Arrhenius type dependence on temperature, and provided a satisfactory interpretation of experimental data.
Extraction Kinetics of Thorium(IV) with Primary Amine N1923 in Sulfate Media Using a Constant Interfacial Cell with Laminar Flow

Abstract Extraction kinetics of thorium(IV) with primary amine N1923 in sulfate media has been investigated by a constant interfacial cell with laminar flow. Studies of interfacial tension and effects of the stirring rate, temperature, and specific interfacial area on mass transfer rate show that the most probable reaction zone takes place at the liquid‐liquid interface. According to the experimental data correlated as a function of the concentration of the relevant species involved in the extraction reaction, the rate equation of extracting thorium has been obtained as follows: The kinetic mechanism of the extraction process is proposed taking an interfacial chemical reaction as the rate‐determining step of the overall reactions.
Thiosemicarbazides: synthesis and reactions

The utility of thiosemicarbazides in organic synthesis demonstrates their importance in the synthesis of several heterocycles. Their reactions with systems containing C=O and C=N groups is one of the methods for the preparation of biologically active compounds viz. pyrazole, thiazole, triazole, thiadiazole, oxadiazole, triazine and thiadiazine. The formation of C−N and C=N bonds as opposed to the N−N bond formation is reflected in their extensive use for the preparation of these heterocycles in excellent yields (1).
Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy for Analyzing Undried Silage

Abstract Alfalfa, corn, small grain crop, and grass silage samples (n=146) were collected from farms in Maryland, Virginia, and Indiana to determine the usefulness of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy for analyzing the feeding value of wet feedstuffs. Undried silages were analyzed for major components (DM, CP, ADF, NDF, pH, ADIN, NH 3 N, hot water insoluble N, and in vitro digestible DM) and for acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, lactic, and valeric acids by conventional chemical laboratory procedures compared with near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Validation sets consisting of one-third of the samples within a group were used to evaluate the accuracy of calibration equations. The coefficients of determination of near infrared analyzed values with conventional chemical assays of major components in the wet alfalfa silages ranged from . 78 to . 99, except for ADIN. These values ranged from . 75 to . 96 for wet corn silage components, except for ADIN and hot water insoluble N. Correlations between the two methods of analysis for most of the short-chain organic acids were considerably lower but were higher for the alfalfa than for the corn silages. Use of different procedures for selecting calibration and validation sets had varying influence on near infrared reflectance spectroscopy estimates depending on the component being analyzed.
Two Methylated Ribonucleosides: 3-Methyluridine and 1-Methylinosine

3-Methyluridine, C 10 H 14 N 2 O 6 , (1), and 1-methylinosine, C 11 H 14 N 4 O 5 , (2), adopt conformations generally consistent with those of published ribonucleoside and ribonucleotide crystal structures. (1) has a C(2')-endo ribofuranose pucker (Altona-Sundaralingam pseudorotation angle P = 175.5°); the glycosidic conformation is anti (X CN = -133.1°). (2) has two molecules in the asymmetric unit of which both are C(2')-endo (P = 159.8, 156.9°) with syn glycosidic conformations (X CN = 67.2, 53.6°).