Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent Development in X-Ray Imaging Technology: Future and Challenges

X-ray imaging is a low-cost, powerful technology that has been extensively used in medical diagnosis and industrial nondestructive inspection. The ability of X-rays to penetrate through the body presents great advances for noninvasive imaging of its internal structure. In particular, the technological importance of X-ray imaging has led to the rapid development of high-performance X-ray detectors and the associated imaging applications. Here, we present an overview of the recent development of X-ray imaging-related technologies since the discovery of X-rays in the 1890s and discuss the fundamental mechanism of diverse X-ray imaging instruments, as well as their advantages and disadvantages on X-ray imaging performance. We also highlight various applications of advanced X-ray imaging in a diversity of fields. We further discuss future research directions and challenges in developing advanced next-generation materials that are crucial to the fabrication of flexible, low-dose, high-resolution X-ray imaging detectors.
The Significance of Educational Technology in Teaching Learning process

Technology is an integral element in the world today. Technology in today’s world touches, influences and shapes every aspect of human life. Technology plays significant roles in work places, education, entertainments and the way of life surviving. Technology acts as catalysts for changes, change in wok environments, handily and exchanging information, teaching process and methods, learning approaches, research arena and in using knowledge, information. Therefore, the present paper discusses the role of technology, the promise, benefits, limitation, challenges and key hurdles of integration to education system.
A current-mode circuit for analogue synthesis of some special functions

A new circuit approach for realizing analogue synthesizers of a wide range of special functions is proposed. The proposed technique is based on approximating a special function using exponential approximations. The circuit is flexible and can be programmed to produce a wide range of special functions with reasonable accuracy. The proposed circuit uses transistors, resistors, switches and current sources and is suitable for integration. Simulation results obtained from the synthesis of the error function erf(x), the sine integral Si(x), the sinh integral Shi(x), the integrals of the Struve function , and the modified Struve function , are presented.
Leakage and resonance characteristics of radiating cylindrical dielectric structure suitable for use as a feeder for high-efficient omnidirectional/sectorial antenna

A class of new radiating cylindrical dielectric structures are proposed for use as a feeder for high-efficient omnidirectional/sectorial slotted arrays that are suitable for high-frequency wireless systems. A simple and efficient model on a scheme of the method of lines is developed and used for analysis of these composite cylindrical dielectric elements that have various rectangular and trapezoidal cross sections. Good agreement between calculated and measured results is observed, which validates the proposed modeling technique. Leakage and resonance characteristics are presented, and they reveal some interesting features for design of new beamforming networks or circuits using the new structure. Results and discussion are focused on the properties of low-order leaky resonant modes. Influences of various parameters of the structure on leakage loss and resonant frequency are shown in detail for design purposes.
Optimum design of feed structures for high G/T passive and active antenna arrays

In this work, noise analysis of parallel feed structures is presented. Signal and noise behavior of the feed structures are signified by the newly introduced concepts of "coherent" and "incoherent" impedance match of power-combining structures. It is also shown that a feed structure can be redesigned for low-noise operation without affecting the radiation characteristics. Optimum design of parallel feed structures for low-noise operation is explained. Also an optimum use of active elements in such structures is investigated to have a low overall noise temperature of the antenna array with minimum number of active elements. In the analysis, a new method is introduced where a "noise-equivalent line length" (NELL) is defined. This definition, which unifies the contribution of noise from different array elements, is used in the design of a parallel feed structure and as an active circuit replacement criteria in passive arrays.
Watermarking of Deep Recurrent Neural Network Using Adversarial Examples to Protect Intellectual Property

ABSTRACT In the present era, deep learning algorithms are the key elements of several state-of-the-art solutions. But developing these algorithms for production requires a huge volume of data, computational resources, and human expertise. Thus, illegal reproduction, distribution, and modification of these models can cause economic damage to developers and can lead to copyright infringement. We propose a novel watermarking algorithm for deep recurrent neural networks based on adversarial examples that can verify the ownership of the model in a black-box way. In this paper, a novel algorithm to watermark a popular pre-trained speech-to-text deep recurrent neural network model Deep Speech without affecting the accuracy of the model is demonstrated. Watermarking is done by generating a set of adversarial examples by adding noise to the input such that the DeepSpeech model predicts the given input as the target string. In the case of copyright infringement, these adversarial examples can be used to verify ownership of the model. If the alleged stolen model predicts the same target string for the adversarial examples, the ownership of the model is verified. This novel watermarking algorithm can minimize the economic damage to the owners of the deep learning models due to stealing and plagiarizing.
Comparing the Coverage of Alternative Address Frames for the 2009 Residential Energy Consumption Survey

Address-based studies require high quality address sources for frame construction. The 2009 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) for the Energy Information Administration (EIA) employed an address frame based on the USPS Delivery Sequence file (DSF) supplemented by traditional and enhanced listing. The purpose of this research was to understand differences in coverage among the DSF, traditional listing, and enhanced listing in areas of questionable coverage. This research set out to: 1) match the addresses in segments that were used in both the 2005 and 2009 RECS in order to understand changes over time and changes in method, and 2) examine the coverage of the DSF in 2009 RECS segments that were proximate to the threshold where we could have used any of the methods.
COST RESEARCH ON A LIBRARY SERVICE

The present Gear Divisions Library of David Brown Industries Ltd, has been in operation since the late 1920s. Although its history is chequered with periods of relative inactivity its growth has been, in general terms, continual. In its early days the technical interests it had to serve were more varied than at present and ranged mainly over gears, machine tools and foundry practice. In 1951 the company decided to ‘divisionalize’ its growing interests in that the activities of the parent works were restricted to the design and manufacture of gears and gear units. This reorganization also restricted the subject interests of the library, which tended more and more over the next five years to serve the Development Department, of which it formed one part, and even then to provide little more than book and periodicals services.
Design and performance evaluation of microprocessor packaging capacitors using integrated capacitor-via-plane model

As clock speeds increase into the gigahertz regime and rise times decrease into the picosecond regime, the interaction between capacitors and power/ground planes of a package, interposer, or board on which they are mounted becomes vitally important to the performance of a power delivery system. To include the interaction, this paper provides an integrated model for a discrete capacitor mounted on pads over vias connected to power/ground planes with degassing holes. The mutual inductance between capacitor pads, vias, and power/ground planes are completely modeled. Through optimized via and capacitor pads placement designs, our modeling results show that the mutual inductance drastically changes the total loop inductance as compared to the self-inductance of the capacitor. To validate the integrated modeling method, a test package is built. A measurement technique is introduced to evaluate the total loop inductance of the test package with various capacitor form factors and types. The predicted results match well with the measured data. This paper discusses further the usage of the three-dimensional (3-D) integrated model for actual implementation of decoupling capacitors on packages in order to ensure the effectiveness of the capacitors. The first decoupling capacitor placement design on package that we will discuss is the Plastic Pin Grid Array (PPGA) package for Intel's CPU. Through the three-dimensional (3-D) integrated modeling, the inductance value of the power delivery system with and without capacitors are extracted. It was found that due to the pin-out constraint of CPU PPGA products, as well as unfavorable PPGA package design rules, decoupling capacitors placed in PPGA packages are not effective due to high loop inductance. The second package that we will discuss is the Flip Chip Pin Grid Array (FC-PGA) package, which is for Intel's future CPU packaging. It is found that the decoupling capacitor placement on the FC-PGA highly improves the performance of the power delivery system. For the same amount of cost, the total loop inductance for FCPGA package decoupling capacitors is found to be 1/9th the total loop inductance for the PPGA package.
An energy benchmarking model based on artificial neural network method utilizing US Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) database

This study focuses on development of an energy benchmarking model utilizing U.S. Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) Database. An artificial neural networks (ANN) method based approach was used in the study. Office type buildings in the CBECS database were used in the benchmarking model development and weighted energy use intensity (EUI) was selected as the benchmarking index. The benchmarking model included input variables describing building's physical properties, occupancy and climate. Yearly electricity consumption per square meter, or EUI, was estimated by the ANN model. The correlation coefficient for each census division benchmarking model varied between 0.45 and 0.73, and mean squared error (MSE) varied between 9.60 and 15.25. It was observed that when the data set for a census division was grouped by different climate zones, ANN benchmarking model provided more accurate predictions. It was also observed that ANN model provides more accurate estimations when compared with predictions obtained with multi‐linear regression models. For comparison, the MSE values varied between 10.24 and 40.43. Overall, the ANN model proved itself a better prediction model for energy benchmarking. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GaAlAs/GaAs metamorphic Bragg mirror for long wavelength VCSELs

A high reflectivity GaAs/AlGaAs Bragg mirror (> 99.7%) has been grown for the first time on InP. Dislocations present in the metamorphic material do not propagate to the active layer. The metamorphic mirror offers a promising alternative to wafer fusion for long wavelength surface-emitting lasers.
ZBP1 is a significant pyroptosis regulator for systemic lupus erythematosus

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common autoimmune disease that affects all organs. Recently, several studies have shown that pyroptosis playsa significant process in the occurrence and progression of SLE. However, no study has investigated the association between pyroptosis genes and SLE. We conducted this study to examine this association. Methods The GSE11090, GSE20864, and GSE112087 gene microarrays of normal and SLE patient samples were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. A differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis was performed using the LIMMA package in R software. Log2 fold change |logFC| >0.5 and a false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05 setting for DEGs’ screening value. We also performed an enrichment function analysis of the DEGs. To explore the role of pyroptosis genes in SLE, we selected pyroptosis genes that intersected with the DEGs for further analysis, we also examined the expression levels of the selected genes, their association with immune cell infiltration, and conducted western blotting and polymerase chain reaction analyses to confirm the selected genes expression levels in the SLE and normal samples. Results A total of 3,398 identical genes were obtained from 3 datasets for the differential analysis. 84 upregulated genes and 52 downregulated genes were identified in SLE. The enrichment function analysis revealed that DEGs act as key regulators of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase activity, phospholipid scramblase activity, double-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) binding, and the interferon signaling pathway. We identified the SLE-related pyroptosis gene, Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1), by intersecting the DEGs of SLE and 40 pyroptosis genes. The differential analysis indicated that ZBP1 was more highly expressed in SLE patients compared to normal samples (P<0.001). Additionally, the expression of ZBP1 was higher in females than males (P=0.008). The SLE samples had different immune cell infiltration than the normal samples, and ZBP1 was significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration in the SLE samples. Finally, the validation experiments results showed that ZBP1 expression levels were significantly more highly expressed in female and SLE patients, than male and normal patients. Conclusions ZBP1 may indicate that females have a high incidence rate of SLE, and it plays a significant role in the occurrence and progression of SLE.
A convective cooling enabled freeze tweezer for manipulating micro-scale objects

A freeze tweezer is a new kind of manipulation tool which employs the freezing force of a small volume of nucleotide ice for operating the micro-objects in an aqueous state. Previously, such a typical device prototype was realized based on the Joule–Thompson (J–T) throttling effect or thermoelectric cooling (TEC) principle, where the generated cooling power is conducted to the tip of the tweezer. However, fabricating a J–T or TEC-type freeze tip would encounter big challenges in extremely small scales since transferring the cooling power to the tweeze tip is rather difficult, if not impossible. In addition, the formation of frost on the tweezer surface which would invalidate the micro-dimension of the tweezer tip is generally inevitable. Aiming to resolve these deficiencies, this paper is dedicated to presenting an alternative feasible way for realizing a freeze tweezer in micro or even much smaller size. The basic idea is based on ventilating low-temperature gas to the tweezer tip and thus directly generating freezing there via convective cooling. In this way, the tweezer tip at any small size can be frozen which would then serve to manipulate the target. Through conceptual experiments, it was demonstrated that the new type of freeze tweezer can not only complete all the functions its existing type would achieve, but could also make up for the inherent shortcomings. Further, the theoretical interpretation on convective heat transfer in micro-scale regimes and the numerical simulation on three-dimensional flow and heat transfer in the manipulation space were also performed to better understand the convective cooling based freeze tweezer. Although there may still exist certain difficulties for such a tweezer to be routinely used, it was shown that the new method is expected to be highly feasible in making a freeze tweezer for a wide variety of small-size occasions.
The Design of Coupled Microstrip Lines

Although graphical results and formulas are available for the design of microstrip couplers, the design procedure is hampered because even- and odd-mode impedances are always expressed in terms of the physical geometry. In practice the designer obtains these impedances and then requires to know the geometry given by them. A new design procedure for coupled parallel microstrip lines is therefore presented. The technique enables the geometry of the coupled lines to be obtained directly from the required even- and odd-mode impedances and uses single microstrip-line geometry as an intermediate step. The results are presented in graphical form using only two universal families of curves. Results are also presented in the form of simple formulas for design programs and also comparisons with practical results are made.
Aggregate characteristics and aggregate-associated soil organic carbon and carbohydrates of soils under contrasting tree land use

Protection of soil organic carbon and acid-hydrolyzable carbohydrates in aggregate-size fractions is important for appraising soil degradation and aggregation under land use types. Aggregate-associated soil organic carbon (SOC) and acid-hydrolyzable carbohydrates (R-CHO) in bulk soils and aggregate-size fractions of a sandy loam soil under Alchornea bush, Rubber, Oil palm and Teak plantations in southern Nigeria were studied. Results revealed significant differences in aggregate-associated SOC and R-CHO, bulk densities, total porosity, soil organic carbon stock and aggregate stability among the land use types. Greater SOC was stored in macro-aggregates >0.25 mm, while greater R-CHO was occluded in micro-aggregates <0.25 mm (p<0.05). The highest mean weight diameter (MWD) was 1.01 mm in Alchornea soils and 0.92 mm in Oil palm plantation at 0-15 cm topsoil. Soil organic carbon stock in 0-15 cm topsoil was 77.7, 81.8, 92.2, and 67.5 kg C ha-1 in Alchornea, Rubber, Oil palm, and Teak soils, respectively. Relationships showed a positive linear correlations between MWD and SOC (r = 0.793, p < 0.05) and R-CHO (r = 0.789. p < 0.05). Alchornea bush and Oil palm plantation increased macro-aggregate formation and macro-pores >5 µm, therefore they have greater potentials to boost protection of SOC in soil macro-aggregates.
Design and realisation of a 100 MHz synthesis chain from an X-band reference signal

LPMO has undertaken the building of a cryogenic sapphire oscillator with the support of the french space and metrology agencies (CNES and BNM). The aim of this project is to provide a reference oscillator presenting short frequency stability better than 5.10/sup -14/ in order to fulfill reference tests requirements for spatial and metrological applications. The cryogenic oscillator can operate on different frequencies ranging from 8 to 13 GHz depending on the sapphire resonator mode chosen as reference. The exact output signal frequency is not 'a priori' known with a great accuracy due to the large relative uncertainties (of the order of 10/sup -4/) affecting the resonator frequencies theoretical determination. Then a special synthesis chain has to be designed in order to transform the cryogenic oscillator performances to a reference signal whose frequency is fully compatible with most of time and frequency instrumentation. In this paper, we present the design, realization and preliminary tests of a synthesis chain generating a 100 MHz signal from an X-band reference. The performances of the two realized prototypes will enable to transform better than 5.10/sup -14/ short term frequency stability.
Finite element analysis for the design of Nitinol medical devices

Medical technology continues to advance rapidly, as physicians and engineers move closer and understand better each other's needs. Nowhere is there more evidence for this than in the development of advanced medical implants. Traditionally, new products were developed by prototyping and evaluation; however, this process is very time-consuming and often does not fully reveal any potential failures. Finite element modelling and analysis can greatly reduce testing and time to market, by allowing the designer to computer-test his product in advance of any prototypes. Algorithms have been developed which allow for the accurate predictive finite element analysis of nickel-titanium alloys that have extremely complex, but highly attractive mechanical behaviour for medical applications.
A general duality theory for uplink and downlink beamforming

We assume a multiuser downlink scenario, where the SINR at each mobile is controlled by adjusting spatial pre-filters and transmission powers at the base station, prior to transmission. In this context, an interesting duality between uplink and downlink beamforming was observed throughout the last decade. This duality allows the joint downlink optimization problem to be solved efficiently by considering the equivalent uplink problem instead, which is easier to handle. In this paper we characterize the interference scenarios and noise levels for which the SINR requirements can be supported for a given power constraint. Moreover, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for duality. Finally, it is shown how duality can be applied in order to derive optimal transmission strategies for combined downlink beamforming and Costa pre-coding.
Prognostic Role of Long Noncoding RNAs in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of tumor progression, and lncRNA expression levels could serve as a potential molecular biomarker for the prognosis and diagnosis of some cancers. However, the prognostic value of lncRNAs in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. Thus, a meta-analysis was conducted to explore the potential prognostic value of lncRNAs in OSCC. We systematically searched PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Elsevier from 2005 to 2021 to identify all published studies that reported the association between lncRNAs and prognosis in OSCC. Then, we used meta-analytic methods to identify the actual effect size of lncRNAs on cancer prognosis. The hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of the association. The reliability of those results was then examined using measures of heterogeneity and testing for selective reporting biases. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 17 studies were eligible in our meta-analysis, involving 1384 Asian patients. The results identified a statistically significant association of high lncRNA expression with poor overall survival [adjusted pooled hazard ratio (AHR) = 1.52; 95% confidence interval (CI): [1.26–1.84], p ≤ 0.001]. The present meta-analysis demonstrated that lncRNA expression might be used as a predictive prognostic biomarker for Asian patients with OSCC.
New analytical input impedance calculation for fast design of printed narrow slot antenna

In this article, fast and simple closed-form relations are presented to calculate input impedance of filamentary-excited printed narrow slot antenna on electrically thin dielectric substrate near to half wavelength resonance frequency. This antenna is a complementary structure of thin printed dipole antenna. The obtained formulations have been verified numerically by a commercially available full-wave electromagnetic simulator and then a prototype antenna has been produced. Experimental measurements are realised on the antenna and these measurement values of input impedance also have verified analytical relations and numerical simulations. It is shown that analytical, numerical and experimental results are close to each other. Therefore, these relations can be utilised as an initial design step just before making detailed numerical analyses. Besides, the given relations can be easily realised in CAD-oriented platforms for fast calculations.