Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender Roles Representation in Television Advertisements: Implications for the Nigerian Girl-Child and Role Modelling

Gender roles portrayal in the mass media has been a contending issue among researchers in the academia, government and non-governmental bodies. Findings have persistently reflected the negative impact especially on the female gender. Due to the fact that some recent studies have reported the improvement in the representation of these gender roles as a result of the changing roles of males and females in societies in some countries away from Nigeria, this study was undertaken to unveil the current portrayal of gender roles in television advertisements and the possible implications on role modelling and the Nigerian Girl-Child. Content analysis of 114 advertisements from Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) and Africa Independent Television (AIT) was conducted. In addition, data was collected through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) of 21 participants from three selected states within the north central zone of Nigeria comprising female primary school pupils between the ages of 7-10. Anchored on the social learning theory by Albert Bandura, the study found that males and females are still portrayed in stereotyped gender roles like the professional or career man and the effective house wife or mother respectively. The study conclude that, the persistence of gender roles in television advertisements can have adverse effects on the Nigerian girl child, such as the lack of role models (except the perfect house wife and mother) this may hinder the process of role modelling and thus, her effective choices for self and societal development. The study, recommended that through research and other academic fora, advertisers should be sensitised to reflect the changing roles of males and females in the society in order to provide effective role models for younger girls. In addition, government is advised to enact laws and legislations that are favourable to women representation in the television.
Partial Budgeting of Floor Bedding to Improve Poultry Health in Western Java

Poultry litter function is to absorb several compounds or gasses from outside of the poultry house that affects poultry health. Poultry litter is a habitat for microbe’s growth coming from chicken’s gastrointestinal pathogens. Many studies found that the composted manure had more soil fertility which consists of many organic components. Thus, more complete nutrients and other growth factors in manure were found higher than chemical fertilizers (inorganic). It is suggested that the type of application of floor bedding could improve poultry health and increase income from manure. The objective of this study was to measure the cost of several types of floor bedding in poultry sheds. The partial budget was employed based on the literature study. The cost of the application and its related income were calculated. The calculation was modeled based on the poultry sheds then the poultry house. The study found that the partial budget analysis identified the findings lead to a strongly positive incentive for farmers to apply of floor bedding in their poultry farms. The incentive may drive poultry farmers in West Java to pay attention to invest in decent poultry barn to improve poultry health. Keywords—poultry, floor bedding, partial budgeting, gastrointestinal pathogens
Wireless Power Communications and Natural Language processing in multi Radio deployment

Deployment of new radio technologies in the mobile world has been gaining momentum as an alternative to meet the ever-increasing demands of data customers. This issue is motivated by the existence of applications, which make available to ordinary users, a host of services that require higher spectral efficiency and data rates. The deployment of LTE concurrently with the existing legacy cellular systems, such as UMTS in the same cell sites, has proven to enhance the network resources available to the operators in the form of common radio resource management (CRRM). We aim to develop an algorithm based on several criteria to enhance the decision making process of the operators’ network and to minimize sudden changes in heterogeneous cell loads in order to optimize the overall system capacity, efficiency, Language used and power consumption in Cellular Networks.
A Reconfigurable On-Board Power Converter for Electric Vehicle With Reduced Switch Count

This paper proposes a compact reconfigurable on-board power converter for low voltage electric vehicle. The proposed converter serves the purpose of a battery charger as well as a 3-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) to drive the traction motor. The 3-phase VSI is the backbone of this converter that can be either reconfigured to a propulsion unit or to a battery charger by adding few more power electronics components. During charging mode, the topology is reconfigured to form a front-end boost power factor correction rectifier which is cascaded by a DC-DC converter through a DC link. The same power stage is reconfigured to operate as a 3-phase VSI to drive the traction motor during propulsion mode. Thus, it reduces the switch count by eliminating the requirement of a separate inverter stage. Simultaneously the weight, volume, and cost of the overall system are reduced. Unified control technique is implemented which is capable to achieve near-unity power factor operation of front-end boost rectifier as well as optimal battery charging without sensing the DC link voltage. This control scheme implements a single control loop for both stages by eliminating the need of two separate control loop for each stage of the charger. A 470 W scaled-down prototype is developed and its performance is validated with Constant Current-Constant Voltage charging of a 24 V, 30Ah battery pack in charging mode and with a 400W BLDC motor in propulsion mode.
PyTorch 1.x Reinforcement Learning Cookbook

Implement reinforcement learning techniques and algorithms with the help of real-world examples and recipes Key Features Use PyTorch 1.x to design and build self-learning artificial intelligence (AI) models Implement RL algorithms to solve control and optimization challenges faced by data scientists today Apply modern RL libraries to simulate a controlled environment for your projects Book Description Reinforcement learning (RL) is a branch of machine learning that has gained popularity in recent times. It allows you to train AI models that learn from their own actions and optimize their behavior. PyTorch has also emerged as the preferred tool for training RL models because of its efficiency and ease of use. With this book, you'll explore the important RL concepts and the implementation of algorithms in PyTorch 1.x. The recipes in the book, along with real-world examples, will help you master various RL techniques, such as dynamic programming, Monte Carlo simulations, temporal difference, and Q-learning. You'll also gain insights into industry-specific applications of these techniques. Later chapters will guide you through solving problems such as the multi-armed bandit problem and the cartpole problem using the multi-armed bandit algorithm and function approximation. You'll also learn how to use Deep Q-Networks to complete Atari games, along with how to effectively implement policy gradients. Finally, you'll discover how RL techniques are applied to Blackjack, Gridworld environments, internet advertising, and the Flappy Bird game. By the end of this book, you'll have developed the skills you need to implement popular RL algorithms and use RL techniques to solve real-world problems. What you will learn Use Q-learning and the state–action–reward–state–action (SARSA) algorithm to solve various Gridworld problems Develop a multi-armed bandit algorithm to optimize display advertising Scale up learning and control processes using Deep Q-Networks Simulate Markov Decision Processes, OpenAI Gym environments, and other common control problems Select and build RL models, evaluate their performance, and optimize and deploy them Use policy gradient methods to solve continuous RL problems Who this book is for Machine learning engineers, data scientists and AI researchers looking for quick solutions to different reinforcement learning problems will find this book useful. Although prior knowledge of machine learning concepts is required, experience with PyTorch will be useful but not necessary.
The Moroccan education system, dilemma of language and think-tanks: the challenges of social development for the North African country

ABSTRACT This article looks at three fundamental issues pertaining to Morocco. Firstly, it discusses the current context of Moroccan education and its challenges. Secondly, as the language of instruction has today become a controversial subject in Morocco, this article aims to provide a critical review of the issue of language of instruction in Moroccan education. Finally, think-tanks and their contribution to shaping national development policies are critically discussed. The writing of this article was based mainly on up-to-date annual and regular reports, especially those published by the World Bank, United Nations, etc. Despite the fact that such efforts are being made to improve the Moroccan educational system, indicators show that Moroccan education is structurally weak, whether at the primary, secondary, or tertiary level. While the state has recently showed its strong support towards bolstering the status of the French language, it was argued that adopting the English language in Moroccan education is urgently needed. The article concludes with discussing that think-tanks and their contribution to shaping the national development policies remain poor in Morocco – this is due to the reluctance of the state to support scientific research, as well as lack of academic environment in Moroccan universities. The significance of this article boils down to the providing a critical review on issues still holding back the pace of development in Morocco, through up-to-date data and certain recommendations, most notably to the improving of such policies regarding the education system, the language of instruction, and the contribution of think-tanks towards national development.
Perceived discrimination among Muslims and its correlates. A comparative analysis

ABSTRACT Many studies have found that Muslims in Western countries perceive more discrimination than most other religious groups. However, less attention has been paid to the life domains and correlates of this perceived discrimination. The aim of this study is to determine the scope of perceived discrimination among Muslims and to test hypotheses regarding how their perceived discrimination is correlated with socio-structural disadvantages and ingroup identification in comparison to other religious groups. We use a representative cross-sectional sample of 12,241 residents in Switzerland that has a very fine measure of perceived discrimination. Our study yielded three main findings. First, there is a much higher level of perceived discrimination among Muslims across all life domains and attributes. Second, socio-structural disadvantages do not correlate with perceived discrimination among Muslims. Third, perceived discrimination is significantly higher among Muslims who have a higher level of ethno-religious ingroup identification and who do voluntary work in associations.
Experimental Study on the Damping Effects of Various Vibration Reduction Measures

Field measurements are the most effective and direct way to evaluate the effects of vibration reduction measures. Through field measurements, this study examined the actual damping effects and vibration transfer characteristics of five vibration reduction measures for subway systems, namely, steel spring floating slabs, resilient short crossties, double-layer nonlinear damping fasteners, Vanguard fasteners and rubber floating slabs. The vibration level and 1/3 octave frequency division vibration level was used as vibration evaluation indices for analysis. This study aimed to provide a reference for the actual damping effects of vibration reduction measures. The results show the following: steel spring floating slabs outperformed resilient short crossties by 23.2 dB. Double-layer nonlinear damping fasteners outperformed Vanguard fasteners and rubber floating slabs by 1.6 and 2 dB, respectively. Resilient short crossties, Vanguard fasteners and double-layer nonlinear damping fasteners were effective in reducing vibration from steel rails to track beds (floating slabs). Steel spring floating slabs and rubber floating slabs were effective in reducing vibration from track beds (floating slabs) to tunnel walls.
Feeding and weaning practices among mothers of under-five children in selected primary health care centres in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti, Nigeria

An appropriate diet is necessary in the growth and health status of children especially in the first two years of life. This study determined the feeding and weaning practices among mothers of children below the age of five years in two selected Primary Healthcare Centres in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study design was descriptive and cross sectional using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, 200 mothers who were purposely selected participated in the study. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used for data analysis. Findings from the study revealed that the main practice of feeding of infants was breastfeeding, the majority of the mothers started to wean their children at about 6 – 7 months. Also, the major type of weaning practiced by mothers was abrupt weaning, majority of the mothers had good knowledge of feeding and weaning including how beneficial exclusive breastfeeding is, though it is just a few of them that practice exclusive breastfeeding. Therefore, complementary feeding education that will involve the use of various media most especially the primary health facilities is paramount for optimal health of infants. Also teaching should focus on the type of weaning and mothers should be educated on the consequences of abruptly weaning a child.
Designing quantum phases in monolayer graphene

The physics of quantum materials is at the heart of current condensed matter research. The interactions in these materials between electrons themselves, with other excitations, or external fields can lead to a number of macroscopic quantum phases like superconductivity, the quantum Hall effect, or density wave orders. But the experimental study of these materials is often hindered by complicated structural and chemical properties as well as by the involvement of toxic elements. Graphene, on the other hand, is a purely two-dimensional material consisting of a simple honeycomb lattice of carbon atoms. Since it was discovered experimentally, graphene has become one of the most widely studied materials in a range of research fields and remains one of the most active areas of research today. However, even though graphene has proven to be a promising platform to study a plethora of phenomena, the material itself does not exhibit the effects of correlated electron physics. In this thesis, we show two examples of how epitaxially grown large-scale graphene can be exploited as a platform to design quantum phases through interaction with a substrate and intercalation of atoms. Graphene under particular strain patterns exhibits pseudomagnetic fields. This means the Dirac electrons in the material behave as if they were under the influence of a magnetic field, even though no external field is applied. We are able to create large homogeneous pseudomagnetic fields using shallow nanoprisms in the substrate, which allows us to study the strain-induced quantum Hall effect in a momentum-resolved fashion using angleresolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). In the second part, we show how the intercalation of gadolinium can be used to couple flat bands in graphene to ordering phenomena in gadolinium. Flat bands
From adult dentate gyrus neurogenesis to pattern separation

For a few decades, adult dentate gyrus neurogenesis has been widely recognized by the neuroscience community as an intriguing phenomenon. Two observations are particularly puzzling. At the cellular level, the switch from excitation to inhibition of the GABAergic input onto newborn cells has been shown to be crucial for their proper integration into the existing network of dentate gyrus cells. At the behavioral level, adult-born dentate granule cells have been shown to promote pattern separation of similar stimuli in various tasks, while not playing a role in discrimination of distinct stimuli. It is still unclear, however, how these functionalities arise in the network of dentate gyrus cells. Several models of adult dentate gyrus neurogenesis have been designed with various levels of abstraction, and have suggested different roles of newborn cells. Yet, none of these models could explain how newborn cells promote pattern separation of similar stimuli, and not distinct stimuli. Moreover, none of the previous studies modeled the actual integration of adult-born dentate granule cells in the preexisting circuit, but rather initialized their inward connections to random, but fully grown, weights. In my thesis work, I bridge the gap between biological and theoretical knowledge on adult dentate gyrus neurogenesis. I address the puzzling experimental observations and explain for the first time with a model: (i) how newborn cells integrate into the preexisting dentate gyrus network, and (ii) how they promote pattern separation of similar stimuli. More specifically, I propose that the early phase of maturation of newborn cells, when GABAergic input has an excitatory effect, drives the synaptic weights towards the subspace of configurations of familiar stimuli through a cooperative effect. In the late phase of maturation, when GABAergic input switches to inhibitory, the synaptic weights move towards novel features of the presented stimuli through a competitive effect. This theory of newborn cells integration also explains why adult-born dentate granule cells promote better pattern separation of similar stimuli, but not distinct stimuli. Indeed, in the late phase of maturation, newborn cells can only learn novel features that are similar enough to familiar features, because the configuration of their synaptic weights makes them sensitive to familiar features at the end of the early phase of maturation.
The brain of Cataglyphis ants: neuronal organization and visual projections

Cataglyphis ants are known for their outstanding navigational abilities. They return to their inconspicuous nest after far-reaching foraging trips using path integration, and whenever available, learn and memorize visual features of panoramic sceneries. To achieve this, the ants combine directional visual information from celestial cues and panoramic scenes with distance information from an intrinsic odometer. The largely vision-based navigation in Cataglyphis requires sophisticated neuronal networks to process the broad repertoire of visual stimuli. Although Cataglyphis ants have been subject to many neuroethological studies, little is known about the general neuronal organization of their central brain and the visual pathways beyond major circuits. Here, we provide a comprehensive, three-dimensional neuronal map of synapse-rich neuropils in the brain of Cataglyphis nodus including major connecting fiber systems. In addition, we examined neuronal tracts underlying the processing of visual information in more detail. This study revealed a total of 33 brain neuropils and 30 neuronal fiber tracts including six distinct tracts between the optic lobes and the cerebrum. We also discuss the importance of comparative studies on insect brain architecture for a profound understanding of neuronal networks and their function.
Joint Growth Trajectories of Bullying Perpetration and Victimization Among Korean Adolescents: Estimating a Second-Order Growth Mixture Model–Factor-of-Curves With Low Self-Control and Opportunity Correlates

Joint growth trajectories of bullying perpetration and victimization were examined using 5-year panel data (2004–2008) from a sample of 2,844 South Korean adolescents between the ages of 11 and 15 (fourth to eighth grade). The second-order growth mixture model revealed three distinct subgroups: bully-victims to low bully-victims transition (9.9%); moderate bully-victims to victim transition (6.8%); and a limited involvement/stable group (83.3%). Respondents with less self-control who associated with delinquent peers were more likely to be members of both the bully-victims to low bully-victims transition and the moderate bully-victims to victim transition groups, compared with the limited involvement/stable group. Relative to the limited involvement/stable group, adolescents with less self-control were more likely to be members of both transition groups even after controlling for opportunity measures. Delinquent peer associations partially mediated these associations.
Negative reports on the relationship between diabetes mellitus and dementia: The Kurihara and Tajiri Projects

Objective: There have been quite a few reports on the positive relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and the onset of dementia. However, we have clinical impression that well-controlled DM patients do not always manifest cognitive impairment. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the relationship between DM and dementia using the database from the prevalence study in Kurihara (n = 592), and that of consecutive outpatients in the Tajiri SKIP Center (n = 730). All subjects underwent evaluation for the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and 1.5T-MRI to assess cerebrovascular diseases. Results: There were no differences in the prevalence of DM among the CDR 0, CDR 0.5 and CDR 1+ patients. Only 3 patients exhibited Alzheimer onset from among the 94 consecutive outpatients with DM. Discussion: Taking into consideration that our participants/patients with DM were well-controlled, these results suggest that DM might not be simply attributed to dementia risk. Uncontrolled DM might be more likely of a dementia risk. *Correspondence to: Kenichi Meguro, Geriatric Behavioral Neurology Project, Tohoku University, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), 4-1, Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, IDAC, 980-8575 Sendai, Japan, E-mail: k-meg@umin.ac. jp
Communication to a spinning CubeSat using a two‐mode planar circular array

This Letter presents a novel technique for establishing a robust communication link to a spinning un-stabilised small satellite such as a CubeSat. The authors propose a system that involves a multimode excited planar circular array radio combined with a 360° phase shifter that can electronically track the spinning CubeSat antenna and establish a communication link. The transmitter comprises a mode-generating Rotman lens and a circular array of microstrip patch antennas. The authors’ proposed approach combines two spatially orthogonal modes of the circular array. They first present the system architecture, then they design and realise a proof-of-concept experimentally validated module operating in C-band at 5.8 GHz.
Assessment of population structure and genetic diversity study of landraces and elite rice varieties commonly grown in Nigeria

A set of 21 rice genotypes including both elite varieties and landraces were characterised based on their population structure using genomic simple sequence repeat (gSSR) markers. A model-based method was used to delineate clusters of individuals based on their genotypes at multiple loci using a Bayesian approach. The population structure analysis separated the 21 genotypes into 3 sub-populations and the grouping were consistent with the ancestral heritage of most of the genotypes whose pedigree is known. Whereas, further clustering analysis based on unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA), separated the 21 genotypes into 5 clusters. The reason for the disparity in the number clusters may be because of the different grouping methods. The knowledge obtained from both population structure and genetic diversity of the selected rice genotypes is an important contribution to future development of rice varieties for deferent agro-ecological zones in Nigeria.