Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF PATIENTS' SATISFACTION AFTER GI ENDOSCOPY PROCEDURE IN SELECTED HOSPITAL, DEHRADUN, UTTARAKHAND.

Health is a holistic approach which include all physical, mental and social components. Symptoms of anxiety is normal part of every person's life sometimes due to which person's satisfaction can vary. One of the important diagnostic tool for examine the upper gastro intestinal tract is endoscopy. Endoscopy is a procedure usually done for purposes of diagnosis. It helps in increasing the rate for accuracy in diagnosis, decrease in complications etc and usually creates anxiety in patients. To enhance the satisfaction, need to evaluate and describe elaborate about the endoscopy procedure to the patient undergoing GI endoscopy. Nurse plays an important role in preparing patients for procedure before, during and after the procedure. METHOD- Aquantitative study was carried out among 107 patients underwent GI endoscopy. Likert scale and opinionnaire was used to check the satisfaction of the patient undergoing GI endoscopy. RESULT- The result of the study revealed that majority of study participants were between 30-40 years of age (71.03%). More than half sample were male (53.3%), Majority were graduate and above (32.7%), Less than half of participants had private job (43.9%), majority didn't had knowledge regarding endoscopy procedure (70.1%) and Most of the sample having diagnosis ulcer (25.2%) respectively. (51%) responded good regarding manner of team members, description of the procedure (55%) and overall rating of visit (54%). Majority of sample agreed (64%) to visit again in the same facility for the procedure. CONCLUSION- The present study conclude that the overall satisfaction of patients underwent GI endoscopy was good.
Lifestyle and work ability in a general working population in Norway: a cross-sectional study

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the association between multiple lifestyle-related risk factors (unhealthy diet, low leisure-time physical activity, overweight/obesity and smoking) and self-rated work ability in a general working population. Setting Population-based cross-sectional study, in Telemark County, Norway, 2013. Participants A random sample of 50 000 subjects was invited to answer a self-administered questionnaire and 16 099 responded. Complete data on lifestyle and work ability were obtained for 10 355 participants aged 18–50 years all engaged in paid work during the preceding 12 months. Outcome measure Work ability was assessed using the Work Ability Score (WAS)—the first question in the Work Ability Index. To study the association between multiple lifestyle risk factors and work ability, a lifestyle risk index was constructed and relationships examined using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results Low work ability was more likely among subjects with an unhealthy diet (ORadj 1.3, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.5), inactive persons (ORadj 1.4, 95% CI 1.2 to 1.6), obese respondents (ORadj 1.5, 95% CI 1.3 to 1.7) and former and current smokers (ORadj 1.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.4 and 1.3, 95% CI 1.2 to 1.5, respectively). An additive relationship was observed between the lifestyle risk index and the likelihood of decreased work ability (moderate-risk score: ORadj 1.3; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.6; high-risk score: ORadj 1.9; 95% CI 1.6 to 2.2; very high risk score: ORadj 2.4; 95% CI 1.9 to 3.0). The overall population attributable fraction (PAF) of low work ability based on the overall risk index was 38%, while the PAFs of physical activity, smoking, body mass index and diet were 16%, 11%, 11% and 6%, respectively. Conclusions Lifestyle risk factors were associated with low work ability. An additive relationship was observed. The findings are considered relevant to occupational intervention programmes aimed at prevention and improvement of decreased work ability.
Comparative long-term effectiveness and safety of primary bariatric surgeries in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults: a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Introduction Bariatric surgeries are effective in treating obesity related comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus. More robust evidence is needed to facilitate choice of procedure. In this systemic review, we aim to investigate the comparative long-term effectiveness in inducing remission of type 2 diabetes, halting diabetic complications, reducing mortality and the safety of conventional and emerging bariatric surgeries. Methods and analysis Databases including Cochrane Central Register, EMBASE, MEDLINE and clinical trial registries will be searched for randomised controlled trials with at least 3 years of follow-up, including direct and/or indirect evidence regarding primary bariatric surgeries in overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, from inception of each database to 2019, with no language or publication type limits imposed. Dual selection of studies, data extraction and risk of bias assessments will be performed. Primary outcomes include full diabetes remission, composite outcome of full or partial diabetes remission and adverse event profiles. Secondary outcomes include anthropometric measurements, cardiovascular risk factor burden, medication burden, diabetic complications and all-cause mortality. Given sufficient homogeneity, network meta-analyses will be performed in a random-effects model based on the Bayesian framework, while assessing for consistency between direct and indirect estimates. Heterogeneities of studies will be explored through meta-regression analysis, and robustness of findings will be checked by sensitivity analysis, and an alternative method under a frequentist framework. All statistical analysis and graphical presentations will be conducted by R software V.3.3. 3 (The R Project for Statistical Computing). The overall quality of the evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria for each outcome. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval is not required as individual patient data will not be included. This review will be subject for publication in a peer reviewed journal. PROSPERO registration number CRD42018110775.
Genome Sequences of Three Ross River Virus Isolates Obtained from the Australian Defence Force

The complete genome sequences of three Ross River virus (RRV) isolates from infected Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel and from mosquitoes collected in ADF training areas were determined. Phylogenetic analysis in comparison with all available complete RRV nucleotide sequences from GenBank split these three RRV isolates into two distinct sublineages. ABSTRACT The complete genome sequences of three Ross River virus (RRV) isolates from infected Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel and from mosquitoes collected in ADF training areas were determined. Phylogenetic analysis in comparison with all available complete RRV nucleotide sequences from GenBank split these three RRV isolates into two distinct sublineages.
Immune marker changes and risk of multiple myeloma: a nested case-control study using repeated pre-diagnostic blood samples

Biomarkers reliably predicting progression to multiple myeloma (MM) are lacking. Myeloma risk has been associated with low blood levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP-3), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), fractalkine, and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α). In this study, we aimed to replicate these findings and study the individual dynamics of each marker in a prospective longitudinal cohort, thereby examining their potential as markers of myeloma progression. For this purpose, we identified 65 myeloma cases and 65 matched cancer-free controls each with two donated blood samples within the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study. The first and repeated samples from myeloma cases were donated at a median 13 and 4 years, respectively, before the myeloma was diagnosed. Known risk factors for progression were determined by protein-, and immunofixation electrophoresis, and free light chain assays. We observed lower levels of MCP-3, VEGF, FGF-2, and TGF-α in myeloma patients than in controls, consistent with previous data. We also observed that these markers decreased among future myeloma patients while remaining stable in controls. Decreasing trajectories were noted for TGF-α (P=2.5 × 10−4) indicating progression to MM. Investigating this, we found that low levels of TGF-α assessed at the time of the repeated sample were independently associated with risk of progression in a multivariable model (hazard ratio = 3.5; P=0.003). TGF-α can potentially improve early detection of MM.
University students’ understanding and perceptions of schizophrenia in the UK: a qualitative study

Objective To explore lay understanding and perceptions of schizophrenia in university students. Design Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis. Setting The University of Birmingham, West Midlands. Participants 20 UK home students of white British (n=5), Indian (n=5), Pakistani (n=5), African Caribbean (n=4) and dual white British and African Caribbean ethnicity (n=1). Results Findings revealed a lack of knowledge about schizophrenia, particularly the negative symptoms that were not mentioned. There were mixed ideas on the causes and sources of available help for schizophrenia; however, positively many said they would consult their general practitioner. While there was a general misconception among the students that schizophrenia caused multiple personalities and was a dangerous illness, there were some differences in perceptions and understanding between ethnic groups, with more Indian students perceiving upbringing as a causal factor in the development of the illness and more Pakistani students perceiving possession by a spirit as a cause. Conclusions The university students interviewed lacked knowledge about schizophrenia and stigma was widespread, both of which may delay help-seeking. Public health campaigns educating young people about schizophrenia are required to improve early identification and intervention and improve outcomes. Further research exploring ways to effectively tackle stigma is also required.
Quintet-triplet mixing determines the fate of the multiexciton state produced by singlet fission in a terrylenediimide dimer at room temperature

Significance Singlet fission is a process in which one of two adjacent organic molecules absorbs a single photon, resulting in rapid formation of one triplet state on each of the molecules. Theory predicts that if the two triplet states can separate and then generate two electron–hole pairs, the efficiency of a solar cell employing this material could rise from an upper limit of about 33 to 45%. Electron spin dynamics of the two triplet states can produce singlet, triplet, or quintet states having zero, two, or four unpaired electrons, respectively. We have discovered that triplet–quintet-state mixing at room temperature can open a pathway that annihilates triplet states, potentially diminishing the performance of solar cells using singlet fission. Singlet fission (SF) is a photophysical process in which one of two adjacent organic molecules absorbs a single photon, resulting in rapid formation of a correlated triplet pair (T1T1) state whose spin dynamics influence the successful generation of uncorrelated triplets (T1). Femtosecond transient visible and near-infrared absorption spectroscopy of a linear terrylene-3,4:11,12-bis(dicarboximide) dimer (TDI2), in which the two TDI molecules are directly linked at one of their imide positions, reveals ultrafast formation of the (T1T1) state. The spin dynamics of the (T1T1) state and the processes leading to uncoupled triplets (T1) were studied at room temperature for TDI2 aligned in 4-cyano-4′-pentylbiphenyl (5CB), a nematic liquid crystal. Time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy shows that the (T1T1) state has mixed 5(T1T1) and 3(T1T1) character at room temperature. This mixing is magnetic field dependent, resulting in a maximum triplet yield at ∼200 mT. The accessibility of the 3(T1T1) state opens a pathway for triplet–triplet annihilation that produces a single uncorrelated T1 state. The presence of the 5(T1T1) state at room temperature and its relationship with the 1(T1T1) and 3(T1T1) states emphasize that understanding the relationship among different (T1T1) spin states is critical for ensuring high-yield T1 formation from singlet fission.
VSMC-specific EP4 deletion exacerbates angiotensin II-induced aortic dissection by increasing vascular inflammation and blood pressure

Significance AD is a lethal vascular disease with a high mortality. The present study reports a critical role of prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 in the pathogenesis of AD. VSMC-specific EP4 deletion (VSMC-EP4−/−) significantly increases the incidence and severity of AngII-induced aortic aneurysm and dissection. Compared with WT mice, VSMC-EP4−/− mice exhibit increased vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, elastic fiber degradation, and VSMC dedifferentiation following chronic AngII infusion. VSMC-EP4−/− mice also have higher blood pressure under basal and AngII-infused conditions. Our findings demonstrate that VSMC-EP4 plays an important role in the maintenance of vascular integrity and blood pressure and may represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of AD as well as hypertension. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays an important role in vascular homeostasis. Its receptor, E-prostanoid receptor 4 (EP4) is essential for physiological remodeling of the ductus arteriosus (DA). However, the role of EP4 in pathological vascular remodeling remains largely unknown. We found that chronic angiotensin II (AngII) infusion of mice with vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-specific EP4 gene knockout (VSMC-EP4−/−) frequently developed aortic dissection (AD) with severe elastic fiber degradation and VSMC dedifferentiation. AngII-infused VSMC-EP4−/− mice also displayed more profound vascular inflammation with increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression, macrophage infiltration, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP2/9) levels, NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) activity, and reactive oxygen species production. In addition, VSMC-EP4−/− mice exhibited higher blood pressure under basal and AngII-infused conditions. Ex vivo and in vitro studies further revealed that VSMC-specific EP4 gene deficiency significantly increased AngII-elicited vasoconstriction of the mesenteric artery, likely by stimulating intracellular calcium release in VSMCs. Furthermore, EP4 gene ablation and EP4 blockade in cultured VSMCs were associated with a significant increase in MCP-1 and NOX1 expression and a marked reduction in α-SM actin (α-SMA), SM22α, and SM differentiation marker genes myosin heavy chain (SMMHC) levels and serum response factor (SRF) transcriptional activity. To summarize, the present study demonstrates that VSMC EP4 is critical for vascular homeostasis, and its dysfunction exacerbates AngII-induced pathological vascular remodeling. EP4 may therefore represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of AD.
Political Media Images: Linguistic and Cognitive Aspects

The paper focuses on linguistic and conceptual analysis of means of creating a politician’s image in the mass media discourse, special attention being paid to manipulation techniques. Mass media have turned into the main means of political discourse realization; they rank political issues in order of importance thus shaping political opinions. The research into media discourse has shown that the main manipulative tools used as means of political informational pressure by American mass media are metaphors, pejorative lexical units, illusions, phraseological units, sophistries, rhetorical questions, parallel constructions, imperative constructions, forms of addressing the reader with the help of personal pronouns, authority support, quotations, presupposition impositions, numerical data and pseudo statistics. Mass media interpret current events to their advantage and this interpretation is represented as a universal truth. Being under constant pressure of mass media, most
Visualization of Aneurysmal Neck and Dome after Coiling with 3D Multifusion Imaging of Silent MRA and FSE-MR Cisternography

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Our aim was to visualize the precise configuration of the aneurysmal neck and dome with/without remnants combined with a coiled dome after coiling treatment for cerebral aneurysms. We developed 3D multifusion imaging of silent MRA and FSE-MR cisternography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 12 patients with 3D multifusion imaging by composing 3D images reconstructed from TOF-MRA, silent MRA, and FSE-MR cisternography. The influence of magnetic susceptibility artifacts caused by metal materials affecting the configuration of the aneurysmal complex with coiling was assessed in a single 3D image. RESULTS: In all cases, TOF-MRA failed to depict the aneurysmal neck complex precisely due to metal artifacts, whereas silent MRA delineated the neck and parent arteries at the coiled regions without serious metal artifacts. FSE-MR cisternography depicted the shape of the coiled aneurysmal dome and parent artery complex together with the brain parenchyma. With the 3D multifusion images of silent MRA and FSE-MR cisternography, the morphologic status of the coiled neck and parent arteries was clearly visualized with the shape of the dome in a single 3D image. CONCLUSIONS: Silent MRA is a non-contrast-enhanced form of MRA. It depicts the coiled neck complex without serious metal artifacts. FSE-MR cisternography can delineate the shape of the coiled dome. In this small feasibility study, 3D multifusion imaging of silent MRA and FSE-MR cisternography allowed good visualization of key features of coiled aneurysms. This technique may be useful in the follow-up of coiled aneurysms.
CDNF Protein Therapy in Parkinson’s Disease

Neurotrophic factors (NTF) are a subgroup of growth factors that promote survival and differentiation of neurons. Due to their neuroprotective and neurorestorative properties, their therapeutic potential has been tested in various neurodegenerative diseases. Bioavailability of NTFs in the target tissue remains a major challenge for NTF-based therapies. Various intracerebral delivery approaches, both protein and gene transfer-based, have been tested with varying outcomes. Three growth factors, glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), neurturin (NRTN) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) have been tested in clinical trials in Parkinson’s disease (PD) during the past 20 years. A new protein can now be added to this list, as cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) has recently entered clinical trials. Despite their misleading names, CDNF, together with its closest relative mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), form a novel family of unconventional NTF that are both structurally and mechanistically distinct from other growth factors. CDNF and MANF are localized mainly to the lumen of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and their primary function appears to be modulation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. Prolonged ER stress, via the UPR signaling pathways, contributes to the pathogenesis in a number of chronic degenerative diseases, and is an important target for therapeutic modulation. Intraputamenally administered recombinant human CDNF has shown robust neurorestorative effects in a number of small and large animal models of PD, and had a good safety profile in preclinical toxicology studies. Intermittent monthly bilateral intraputamenal infusions of CDNF are currently being tested in a randomized placebo-controlled phase I–II clinical study in moderately advanced PD patients. Here, we review the history of growth factor-based clinical trials in PD, and discuss how CDNF differs from the previously tested growth factors.
Evaluation of Simulated Snow and Snowmelt Timing in the Community Land Model Using Satellite‐Based Products and Streamflow Observations

The purpose of this study was to evaluate snow and snowmelt simulated by version 4 of the Community Land Model (CLM4). We performed uncoupled CLM4 simulations, forced by Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications Land‐only meteorological fields. GlobSnow snow cover fraction, snow water equivalent (SWE), and satellite‐based passive microwave snowmelt‐off day of year (MoD) data were used to evaluate snow cover fraction, SWE, and snowmelt simulations. Simulated runoff was then fed into a river routing scheme and evaluation was performed at 408 snow‐dominated catchments using gauge observations. CLM4 and GlobSnow snow cover extent showed a strong agreement, especially during the peak snow cover months. Overall there was a good correlation between simulated and observed SWE (correlation coefficient, R = 0.6). Simulated and observed SWE were similar over areas with relatively flat terrain and moderate forest density. The simulated MoD agreed (MoD differences [CLM4‐passive microwave] = ±7 days) with observations over 39.4% of the study domain. Snowmelt‐off occurred earlier in the model compared to the observations over 39.5% of the domain and later over 21.1% of the domain. Large differences of MoD were seen in the areas with complex terrain and dense forest cover. We also found that, although streamflow seasonal phase was accurately modeled (R = 0.9), the peaks controlled by snowmelt were underestimated. Routed CLM4 streamflow tended to occur early (by 10 days on average).
Prior exposure to placental ischemia causes increased salt sensitivity of blood pressure via vasopressin production and secretion in postpartum rats.

OBJECTIVES Women with a history of preeclampsia exhibit increased salt sensitivity of blood pressure at postpartum, which might be responsible for their increased risk of future cardiovascular diseases. However, it is unclear whether preeclampsia can cause increased salt sensitivity at postpartum. Vasopressin may play a role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and salt-sensitive hypertension. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether the exposure to preeclampsia, as elicited by placental ischemia, causes increased salt sensitivity at postpartum, and if so, whether vasopressin is involved in its process. METHODS AND RESULTS We used a reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model of preeclampsia. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were categorized into the following two groups: RUPP-operated and sham-operated (SHAM) control groups. A 1-week-long high-salt diet was initiated at 3 weeks postpartum. The high-salt diet-induced increase in mean arterial pressure was significantly greater in the RUPP group than in the SHAM group. In addition, the plasma levels of copeptin, a substitute for plasma vasopressin, increased and serum osmolality decreased in the RUPP group. Double immunostaining revealed that the expression of c-Fos, a marker of neural activity, in vasopressin-producing neurons and presympathetic neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus was significantly elevated in the RUPP group. The oral administration of conivaptan, the dual V1a/V2 vasopressin receptor antagonist, during high-salt diet abolished the enhanced increase in mean arterial pressure in RUPP rats. CONCLUSION Prior exposure to placental ischemia causes increased salt sensitivity of blood pressure at postpartum probably due to enhanced vasopressin production and secretion.