Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Organic Manures and Mineral Fertilizers on Soil Properties and Yield of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Aims: Under the intensive agriculture system, it is crucial to maintain the soil fertility for the sustainability of crop production. Therefore, the study was conducted in the experimental field of the Department of Soil Science of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur to investigate the effect of different manures in combination with synthetic inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and yield contributing characters of BARI Mistimorich 1 (Capsicum annuum L.), a variety of sweet pepper. Nutrient content of capsicum and soil fertility status were also assessed. Materials and Methods: The field trial was established following a randomized complete block design (RCBD) having four replicates. Treatments of the field trial included T1= 100% recommended dose of chemical fertilizers (RDCF), T2= 10t/ha cowdung (CD) + IPNS based chemical fertilizers (CF), T3=10t/ha poultry manure (PM) + IPNS based chemical fertilizers (CF) and T4= 10t/ha vermicompost (VC) + IPNS based chemical fertilizers (CF). Results: Experimental results reveal that application of organic manures in combination with chemical fertilizers produced significantly higher plant height, plant weight, number of branches per plant, number of flowers per plant, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, total yield and nutrient content and uptake in sweet pepper. Organic manures (CD, PM and VC) in combination with chemical fertilizers ensured higher nutrient uptake when compared with the sole application of inorganic fertilizers. Among the treatments, vermicompost treated plots gave the higher yield of sweet pepper and improved the post-harvest soil nutrient status. Conclusion: Vermicompost was found to be suitable as substitute of other organic manures for the production of capsicum.
Fast simulation of transient temperature distributions in power modules using multi‐parameter model reduction

In this study, a three-dimensional model with multi-parameter order reduction is applied to the thermal modelling of power electronics modules with complex geometries. Finite element or finite difference method can be used to establish accurate mathematical models for thermal analyses. Unfortunately, the resulting computational complexity hinders the analysis in parametric studies. This study proposes a parametric order reduction technique that can significantly increase simulation efficiency without significant penalty in the prediction accuracy. The method, based on the block Arnoldi method, is illustrated with reference to a multi-chip SiC power module mounted on a forced air-cooled finned heat sink with a variable mass flow rate.
PMCHWT Solver Accelerated by Adaptive Cross Approximation for Efficient Computation of Scattering from Metal Nanoparticles

An accelerated algorithm that can efficiently calculate the light scattering of a single metal nanoparticle was proposed. According to the equivalent principle, the method of moment (MoM) transforms the Poggio–Miller–Chang–Harrington–Wu–Tsai (PMCHWT) integral equations into linear algebraic equations, which are solved by the flexible generalized minimal residual solver (FGMRES). Each element of near field MoM impedance matrix was described by Rao–Wilton–Glisson (RWG) basis functions and calculated by double surface integrals. Due to the low-rank property, the adaptive cross approximation (ACA) algorithm based on the octree data structure was applied to compress the MoM impedance matrix of far field action leading to the significant reduction of solution time and memory. Numerical results demonstrated that the proposed method is both accurate and efficient. Compared with the traditional MoM, the ACA algorithm can significantly reduce the impedance matrix filling time and accelerate the scattering field’s computation from actual metal nanoparticles using PMCHWT integral equations.
Distribution of microalgae and omega-3 as food for Sardinella lemuru in Bali Strait

Sardinella lemuru is a small pelagic fish that contains high omega-3 which is distributed in the eastern Indian Ocean including the Bali Strait. Lemuru including high-fat with omega-3 content. This different fat content depends on the size of the fish, maturity, season, and type of food. The research objectives were to obtain abundance and diversity of microalgae composition as food and determine the level of omega-3 in the stomach of lemuru. The research was conducted at the 8 station with different waters characteristic. The data obtained were analized using t-test. The omega 3 content of lemuru in the second transitional season was 35.25% higher than the fish caught in the western season (21.4%). Lemuru feed on phytoplankton dominated by the Bacillariophyceae group with Chaetoceros gracilis in the second transitional season. These phytoplankton suspected important role as raw materials for forming omega 3 in the body of lemuru.
Pipelined photonic analog-to-digital converter

Electronic analog to digital converters (EADCs) face serious challenges when the root mean square timing jitter of the sampling pulse is less than a femtosecond. This restriction limits the maximum allowable sampling frequency of an EADC. In photonic analog-to-digital conversion (PADC), using a mode locked laser as a sampling source limits the sampling frequency timing jitter only at sub-femtosecond levels. The current architectures for PADC use photonic techniques either for sampling or for quantization. Consequently, current PADC architectures are not suitable for higher frequency applications because of the limitations of their electronic components. In this paper, the feasibility of implementing concept architecture for a fully photonic pipelined ADC is analyzed and evaluated to provide a design for an 8-bit pipelined PADC, the performance of which is investigated through modeling and simulation. The 8-bit pipelined PADC’s effective number of bits is shown to be 4.34 bits at 200 gigasample per second.
English–Georgian Parallel Corpus and Its Application in Georgian Lexicography

The Georgian language, the official language of Georgia, is the only written member of the Kartvelian language family, the indigenous language family of the Caucasus region. Georgian philology and lexicography have long-standing tradition, English–Georgian lexicography being no exception. Given the increasing use of ample electronic text corpora for lexicographical purposes, the team of Georgian lexicographers, working on the Comprehensive English–Georgian Dictionary (CEGD), subsequently the Comprehensive English–Georgian Online Dictionary (CEGOD), decided to compile an English–Georgian Parallel Corpus (EGPC). The aim of the project was to develop the methodology of building a parallel corpus of Georgian and assess its efficiency for Georgian bilingual lexi­cog­raphy. The work on the corpus is going on for over a decade. The ultimate aim is to create a standard for Georgian bilingual corpora that will be compiled in future. The article describes the content and composition of the EGPC, its structure, functionalities, search engines and so on. The article also deals with various studies conducted over years in order to assess and enhance the value, applicability and efficiency of the EGPC for the automatic or semi-auto­matic recognition, tagging and extraction of terminology, the compilation of terminological entries, as well as the entries for the English–Georgian Dictionary and those for the Georgian–English Learner's Dictionary, etc. Particular emphasis is laid upon the actual or potential applicability of the corpus for the lexi­cographical activities and for the machine translation projects. The findings of the study may be interesting for other under-resourced languages like Georgian. Keywords: parallel corpus, terminological entries, English–Georgian dictionary, Georgian–English dictionary
Are Islamic investments still safe assets during the COVID‐19 pandemic?

Abstract While looking for safe‐haven assets, the literature obtained mixed and varying results, changing from one period to the next, or one geographical area to another. Recently, this field of research grew even more, motivated by the changing environment resulting from the global financial crisis and the current COVID‐19 pandemic. We compare five Islamic and five conventional leading financial indexes for the period 2004–2020, covering both global and regional data (Asia‐Pacific, Europe, GCC, and the United States). By employing DCC GARCH and extended GARCH (1,1) models, we find a lower volatility and higher persistence in Islamic indexes when compared to their conventional alternatives, holding also when traditional safe‐haven assets are included in comparative terms and across geographical areas. We therefore provide robust evidence on the consistent behavior of Islamic assets: Their defensive properties remain and are even stronger in the current unprecedented and ongoing crisis.
Double Heterojunction Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells: From Doped Silicon to Dopant-Free Passivating Contacts

Carrier-selective passivating contacts for effective electron and hole extraction are crucial to the attainment of high efficiency in crystalline silicon (Si) solar cells. In this comprehensive review, the principle of carrier extraction and recombination mechanisms in conventional industrial Si solar cells are discussed first. Passivating contacts based on (i) amorphous hydrogenated Si and (ii) polysilicon/silicon oxide are next reviewed, with emphasis on carrier selectivity mechanisms including contact layer band alignment with silicon, and localized carrier transport in ultrathin oxides. More recent developments in dopant-free passivating contacts deposited by lower-cost fabrication processes with lower thermal budget are then described. This third category of non-Si based electron- and hole-selective passivating contacts include transition metal oxides, alkali/alkali earth metal fluorides and organic conjugated polymers. The photovoltaic performance of asymmetric double heterojunction Si solar cells fabricated using these non-Si passivating contacts and their stability in damp heat conditions are discussed and compared with Si based passivating contacts.
Research on Working Memory States Based on Weighted K -Order Propagation Number Algorithm: An EEG Perspective

Working memory (WM) is considered the mental workplace that retains and manipulates information. This study investigates the internal mechanism in WM states from an electroencephalography (EEG) network perspective. Firstly, we devised a novel letter-sequence version of the n -back experiment to collect EEG data, analyzed the neural oscillations in the theta and gamma bands, and then constructed Phase Lock Value (PLV) grounded brain networks to examine the synchronizations among dissimilar brain regions. The complex topology properties (e.g., global efficiency, local efficiency, and small-worldness) were scrutinized as well. Additionally, we presented an original algorithm, the Weighted K -Order Propagation Number (WKPN) algorithm, to extract the important brain regions associated with WM processes. The simulation revealed that the frontal and posterior regions were activated in two WM states, i.e., update and readout states. Throughout the readout, brain networks performed better in efficiency and resistance to interference. Furthermore, the right prefrontal and parietooccipital regions became more prominent in the completion of extra difficult WM tasks. In summary, these EEG-based results can be taken as promising evidence to understand and improve WM.
A Continuous Microfluidic Concentrator for High-Sensitivity Detection of Bacteria in Water Sources

Water contamination is a critical issue that threatens global public health. To enable the rapid and precise monitoring of pathogen contamination in drinking water, a concentration technique for bacterial cells is required to address the limitations of current detection methods, including the culture method and polymerase chain reaction. Here we present a viscoelastic microfluidic device for the continuous concentration of bacterial cells. To validate the device performance for cell concentration, the flow characteristics of 2-μm particles were estimated in viscoelastic fluids at different concentrations and flow rates. Based on the particle flow distributions, the flow rate factor, which is defined as the ratio of the inlet flow rate to the outlet flow rate at the center outlet, was optimized to achieve highly concentrated bacterial cells by removal of the additional suspending medium. The flow characteristics of 0.5-, 0.7-, and 1.0-μm-diameter particles were evaluated to consider the effect of a wide spectrum of bacterial size distribution. Finally, the concentration factor of bacterial cells, Staphylococcus aureus, suspended in a 2000-ppm polyethylene oxide solution was found to be 20.6-fold at a flow rate of 20 μL/min and a flow rate factor of 40.
A Simulation Study on the Effects of Race Surface Waviness on Cage Dynamics in High-Speed Ball Bearings

The effects of the race surface waviness on the cage dynamics, including cage slip ratios, cage instabilities, and time-averaged cage wear rates, in high-speed ball bearings are investigated. A dynamic model of high-speed ball bearings considering the cage effect and the race surface waviness is proposed. Based on the proposed dynamic model, the effects of the maximum wave amplitude (MWA) and the wave order (WO) of race surface waviness on cage slip ratio, cage instability, and time-averaged cage wear rate are investigated. The results show that the race surface waviness has a great effect on the cage dynamics. The waviness would increase the random impacts between balls and cage pockets and thus cause more instable motion of the cage. Although the ball skidding and the cage slip ratio decrease with the increase of MWA, the cage instability and the cage wear rate become severe when MWA increases. In addition, the effect of WO on cage dynamics is nonlinear. The current investigation could provide a theoretical tool for an in-depth understanding of the dynamics in a high-speed ball bearing.
Antimicrobial Activity of Cathelicidin-Derived Peptide from the Iberian Mole Talpa occidentalis

The immune systems of all vertebrates contain cathelicidins, a family of antimicrobial peptides. Cathelicidins are a type of innate immune effector that have a number of biological functions, including a well-known direct antibacterial action and immunomodulatory function. In search of new templates for antimicrobial peptide discovery, we have identified and characterized the cathelicidin of the small mammal Talpa occidentalis. We describe the heterogeneity of cathelicidin in the order Eulipotyphla in relation to the Iberian mole and predict its antibacterial activity using bioinformatics tools. In an effort to correlate these findings, we derived the putative active peptide and performed in vitro hemolysis and antimicrobial activity assays, confirming that Iberian mole cathelicidins are antimicrobial. Our results showed that the Iberian mole putative peptide, named To-KL37 (KLFGKVGNLLQKGWQKIKNIGRRIKDFFRNIRPMQEA) has antibacterial and antifungal activity. Understanding the antimicrobial defense of insectivores may help scientists prevent the spread of pathogens to humans. We hope that this study can also provide new, effective antibacterial peptides for future drug development.
Optimization of the operating cost of sewage conveyance

Accelerated urbanization places extraordinary demands on sewer networks; thus optimization research to improve the design of these systems has practical significance. In this paper, a subsystem nonlinear programming model is developed to optimize pumping station layout and sewage pipe network design. The subsystem model is expanded into a large-scale complex nonlinear programming system model to find the minimum total annual cost of the pumping station and network of all pipe segments. Large system test selection and subsystem dynamic programming methods are metioned in this paper. A comparative analysis is conducted using the sewage network in Taizhou city, China as an example. The proposed method demonstrated that significant cost savings could have been realized if the studied system had been optimized using the techniques described in this paper. Thus, the method has practical value for optimizing urban sewage projects and provides a reference for theoretical research about optimization of urban drainage pumping station layouts.
Methodological approaches to supply chain design1

This paper reviews methodological approaches to the design (or redesign) of the supply chain (SC), including comprehensive approaches (proposals concerning the entire process of designing the SC) and those that deal with four specific aspects of the process (definition of the SC objectives, reverse SC, finance, and generation and use of scenarios) that have a decisive influence on the whole design of the SC. The comprehensive approaches include those based on typologies of products, markets and SCs and those that propose a succession of the stages to follow through the design process. The discussion shows that the use of typologies is not adequate to face SC design and that the methods proposing a succession of stages may suit, provided that they are developed and presented in a manner appropriate to their use for practitioners. The discussion leads also to suggest several research lines.
Multispecies Simulation of the FRIB Frontend Near the ECR Sources with the Warp Code

The linear accelerator in the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) will use Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) sources. ECR sources generate a high-brightness DC beam with high charge states. However, the ECR sources produce numerous species that must be collimated to one or two target species with minimal degradation in beam quality. The first stage of this collimation is accomplished in a tight 90◦ dipole bend with a wide aperture and slanted pole faces to provide additional focusing. We report on simulations carried out with the Warp PIC code [1–3] for operation with high-rigidity Uranium ions. These simulations use linked 2D xy-slice runs in the straight section upstream of the bend and steady-state 3D simulations in the dipole bend. Simulations with ideal (sector) and full 3D field maps of the dipole magnet are contrasted. Issues associated with placing a 3D dipole field with an extended fringe field on a bent coordinate system are addressed. Placement of the dipole bend is optimized consistent with the 3D field and is found to closely correspond to the ideal field center. Minimal problems are found (small centroid shift and distribution distortions) due to 3D space charge effects in the initial species separation within the bend when using simple fractional neutralization factors in the anticipated range.
Circular Economy as a Glocal Business Activity: Mobile Phone Repair in the Netherlands, Poland and China

Repair of mobile phones fits with the vision of a circular economy in an urban context and with the Sustainable Development Goal 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities. Drawing on the literature about firm level competitiveness and closed-loop design through repair, remanufacturing or recycling, we analyze the business ecosystem of independent mobile phone repair shops in the Netherlands, Poland and China as a glocal business activity. The analysis is based on primary data collection through a questionnaire to independent repair shops in the Netherlands (n = 130), Poland (n = 443) and China (n = 175) with response rates of 13%, 12%, 40%, respectively; and 17 interviews in the Netherlands, 40 in Poland, and 70 in China. Findings indicate that to maintain a strong position in the local market and to sustain the trust of customers, independent mobile phone repair shops offer a range of customized services based on direct contact with customers. In China, the increasing prices of spare parts and falling prices of mobile phones constitute the most important challenges, whereas in the Netherlands and Poland, the most important challenges are the competitive pressures from informal repair activities, and new repair shops. Our research also revealed that repairability strongly depends on the global manufacturers’ circularity choices.
Research on mechanism of ultrasonic-assisted nano-cutting of sapphire based on molecular dynamics

Abstract Ultrasonic vibration grinding improves the surface quality and processing efficiency of sapphire machining compared with conventional grinding, but its nano-scale deformation mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the molecular dynamics method was used to simulate the ultrasonic vibration cutting of a single abrasive grain along the [ 010] direction on the sapphire (0001) surface to study the effects of different vibration directions, amplitudes and frequencies on the cutting force, stress, temperature, number of amorphous atoms, surface morphology and subsurface damage layer. The results show that the tangential and radial vibration cutting reduces the tangential force, normal force and total force compared with conventional cutting. At the same time, it is also found that different vibration directions have different effects on material removal efficiency and subsurface damage depth. In the material removal efficiency, the radial vibration cutting has the highest removal efficiency, and the tangential vibration cutting and conventional cutting have the same removal efficiency. In the subsurface damage depth, the subsurface damage depth in tangential vibration cutting is the smallest, the subsurface damage depth in conventional cutting is the second, and the subsurface damage depth in radial vibration cutting is the largest.
Analysis and purification of ssRNA and dsRNA molecules using asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation.

Robust RNA purification and analysis methods are required to support the development of RNA vaccines and therapeutics as well as RNA interference -based crop protection solutions. Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) is a gentle native purification method that applies liquid flows to separate sample components based on their hydrodynamic sizes. We recently showed that AF4 can be utilized to separate RNA molecules that are shorter than 110 nucleotides (nt), but the performance of AF4 in the analysis and purification of longer RNA molecules has not been previously evaluated. Here, we studied the performance of AF4 in separation of single-stranded (ss) and double-stranded (ds) RNA molecules in the size range of 75-6400 nt. In addition, we evaluated the power of AF4 coupling to different detectors, allowing separation to be combined with data collection on yield as well as molecular weight (MW) and size distribution. We show that AF4 method is applicable in RNA purification, quality control, and analytics, and results in good recoveries of ssRNA and dsRNA molecules. In addition, our results demonstrate the utility of AF4 multidetection platforms to study biophysical properties of long RNA molecules.