Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FLINT RUN PALEOINDIAN COMPLEX AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR EASTERN NORTH AMERICAN PREHISTORY

The Flint Run Paleoindian Complex of northern Virginia consists of a series of interrelated but functionally different sites covering the time period from approximately 11,500 or 11,000 to 8,500 B.P.ll2 The core of the complex is the utilization of jasper, which occurs around the creek from which the complex derives its name. The complex is located in the Middle Shenandoah Valley on the South Fork of the Shenandoah River, some 6 miles upriver from its junction with the North Fork, where they merge and broaden into the Shenandoah or Great Valley, a part of the Valley and Ridge province. The South Fork valley is relatively narrow and is bordered on the east by the Blue Ridge and on the west by Massanutten Mountain. The general environmental setting is varied, with horizontal and vertical zonation being of considerable importance in resource distribution. Vertical zonation reflects altitudinal differences which can be divided into four macrophysiographic zones: floodplain, uplands, foothills, and mountains. Horizontal zonation is, in part, related to the underlying lithology. Of importance in affecting this distribution are the limestone and shale bedrocks of the valley floor, the metavolcanics of the Blue Ridge, and the quartzites of Massanutten. During the late Pleistocene and early Holocene, the environmental picture was different than it is today. The specifics of each habitat are unknown, but a broad mosaic pattern corresponding to the various zones has been o ~ t l i n e d . ~ During this period the total ecological scene was in a state of flux. This flux began before the advent of man and may be characterized as an overall warming trend with climatic oscillations of varying duration, but with conditions somewhat cooler than today until around 8,500 B.P. During the Atlantic or post-8,000 B.P., conditions became warmer than at present. A simplified characterization of the environmental picture is as follows: Late Pleistocene, 10,000 B.P. Mountain Zone considerable snow cover, limited herbaceous vegetation. Foothill Zone spruce-pine domination interspersed with areas of limited vegetation. Upland Zone extensive areas of open grassland, grading into conifer domination near the rivers and narrower valleys. Floodplain Zone deciduous elements, with numerous bogs in the shale areas. Early Holocene, 8,500 B.P. Mountain and Foothill Zones dominated by conifers. Upland Zone reduction of grassland, a spread of conifers and deciduous elements, with the situation approaching closed boreal conditions but possessing many favorable microhabitats. Floodplain Zone still dominated by deciduous elements, with shale-area bogs continuing.
Monitoring surface deformation induced by hydrocarbon production using satellite radar interferometry

The start of hydrocarbon production in the 1960s in the northeastern part of the Netherlands has resulted in subsidence of the ground level, which has been estimated from periodic leveling campaigns. Although leveling is a precise and reliable technique for subsidence monitoring, it is labor intensive, expensive and poses a safety risk since measurements are taken along roads. Hence, the application of satellite radar interferometry (InSAR) is investigated for subsidence monitoring, coupled with the potential improvement of reservoir behavior monitoring due to the InSAR observation frequency. The main focus lies on the Groningen gas field, which has a diameter of ∼30 kilometers, at ∼3 kilometers below surface. Complicating factors for the application of InSAR for subsidence monitoring in the Groningen area are surface changes in time due to its agricultural character (temporal decorrelation), atmospheric disturbances, and the low subsidence rates (< 1 cm/year) over a large spatial extent. Hence, the applicability of Persistent Scatterer InSAR (PSI) is investigated. PSI utilizes objects with a coherent phase behavior in time for the estimation of deformation and other phase contributions. Since the subsidence monitoring period exceeds the lifetime of a satellite (5–10 years), multiple sensors are required: ERS-1, ERS-2 and Envisat phase observations have been used.
The influence of the electric polarization of hydrogen atoms on the red shift of its spectral lines

The Lorentz oscillator system is studied to interpret the spectral lines of hydrogen atoms. The dielectric constant of this system is analyzed, which takes into account the electrical polarization of hydrogen atoms. This dielectric constant gives the red shift of the spectral line and the appearance of the optical spectrum dip. This dip is on the blue side of the spectral position of the shifted line. The value of this red shift and the width of this dip strongly depend on the hydrogen atom concentration and the spectral position of the not shifted line. This red shift increases with an increase in the hydrogen atom concentration.
Strong Correlation in Molecular Periodic Systems from a Variational Reduced Density Matrix Theory.

Molecular periodic systems have the challenge of not only representing an infinite, albeit periodically repeating, molecule but also treating the strong electron correlation that emerges in such systems. Many post-Hartree-Fock methods that are efficient in moderately correlated molecules often fail to describe strongly correlated electrons and their properties in periodic systems. Here we develop and apply an electronic structure approach to periodic systems based on the variational calculation of the two-electron reduced density matrix (2-RDM). The variational 2-RDM method calculates a lower bound to the ground-state energy of a molecular periodic system without computation or storage of its many-electron wave function. The 2-RDM is constrained by $N$-representability conditions that are necessary for it to represent at least one $N$-electron density matrix---conditions that allow it to treat strongly correlated systems. Two periodic systems are treated to demonstrate the methodology: (i) a metallic hydrogen chain and (ii) a strongly correlated acene chain. In the hydrogen chains the 2-RDM theory describes the strongly correlated Mott metal-to-insulator transition while in acene chains it describes the emergence of polyradical character with increasing chain length. The methodology is applicable to treating strong electron correlation in more general periodic molecules and materials.
Present situation and future challenges of beef cattle production in Italy and the role of the research

Abstract The paper aims at describing the current features and the future challenges of the beef cattle production systems in Italy. The first part of the article analyzes the main domestic production systems of veal calves and more adult beef cattle in terms of farm size and location, housing structures, feeding plans and cattle genotypes. The second part is address towards the analysis of a set of issues related to the current systems of production which could become important critical points in the short future. Potential solutions to reduce the environmental impact of the beef farms, to improve the animal welfare and to limit the import of foreign young livestock to be finished in our fattening units are proposed and discussed in the light of the more recent advances of the scientific research.
Getting the picture and changing the picture: visual methodologies and educational research in South Africa

At the risk of seeming to make exaggerated claims for visual methodologies, what I set out to do is lay bare some of the key elements of working with the visual as a set of methodologies and practices. In particular, I address educational research in South Africa at a time when questions of the social responsibility of the academic researcher (including postgraduate students as new researchers, as well as experienced researchers expanding their repertoire of being and doing) are critical. In so doing I seek to ensure that the term “visual methodologies” is not simply reduced to one practice or to one set of tools, and, at the same time, to ensure that this set of methodologies and practices is appreciated within its full complexity. I focus on the doing, and, in particular, on the various approaches to doing through drawings, photo-voice, photo-elicitation, researcher as photographer, working with family photos, cinematic texts, video production, material culture, advertising campaigns as nine key areas within visual methodologies. Keywords : educational research; social change; visual methodologies South African Journal of Education Vol. 28 (3) 2008: pp. 365-383
Phylogenetic relationship of Parmelia lindmanii (Parmeliaceae) inferred by analysis of its nuITS rDNA sequence

Abstract Using the nuclear ITS (nuITS) region of the ribosomal DNA and an MP/Bayesian approach, a phylogenetic study was carried out to evaluate the relationship of Parmelia lindmanii with other members of the parmelioid lichen group. Our results showed that P. lindmanii does not belong to the genus Myelochroa, as previously proposed, but is within the clade containing the type species of Parmelinella.
Database Repeat Record Detection based on Improved Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

The detection of similar duplicate records was a key link in database data cleaning. In the process of detecting duplicate records in the same amount of data, the record attribute dimension was too high, which led to the problems of precision, recall and time efficiency. A database repeat recording detection method based on the IQPSO (Improved Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization) algorithm was proposed. The method constructed an entropy metric in terms of the similarity between objects, and evaluated the importance of each attribute in the original data set of the database, thereby removing unimportant or noise attributes. A subset of key attributes was preferred and attribute dimensions were reduced.Large data sets were divided, in the database, into multiple disjoint small data sets based on key attributes. Each small data set was used as an input to the support vector machine. The IQPSO algorithm was used to optimize the parameters of the support vector machine to obtain the optimal parameters of the support vector machine. The repeated record detection model was constructed according to the optimal parameter training classifier, and the model was used to perform similar repeated record detection. The experimental results indicated that the proposed method effectively improved the detection efficiency under the premise of ensuring the highest recall rate and precision. The proposed method also solved the problem of database similar duplicate record detection effectively.
The dispersion of spherical droplets in source–sink flows and their relevance to the COVID-19 pandemic

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of spherical droplets in the presence of a source–sink pair flow field. The dynamics of the droplets is governed by the Maxey–Riley equation with the Basset–Boussinesq history term neglected. We find that, in the absence of gravity, there are two distinct behaviors for the droplets: small droplets cannot go further than a specific distance, which we determine analytically, from the source before getting pulled into the sink. Larger droplets can travel further from the source before getting pulled into the sink by virtue of their larger inertia, and their maximum traveled distance is determined analytically. We investigate the effects of gravity, and we find that there are three distinct droplet behaviors categorized by their relative sizes: small, intermediate-sized, and large. Counterintuitively, we find that the droplets with a minimum horizontal range are neither small nor large, but of intermediate size. Furthermore, we show that in conditions of regular human respiration, these intermediate-sized droplets range in size from a few μm to a few hundred μm. The result that such droplets have a very short range could have important implications for the interpretation of existing data on droplet dispersion.
Predictors of Good Outcomes in Stroke Thrombolysis Guided by Tissue-Window

Background: Recently studies suggested that assessment of tissue-window can effectively guide thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke patients with unknown time of onset or late presenting. This study aimed to evaluate predictors of good outcomes from thrombolysis in these patients. Methods: Acute ischemic stroke patients received thrombolysis guided by computed tomography perfusion (CTP) from October 2018 to August 2019 were reviewed. Baseline characteristics and outcomes were collected. Good outcomes were defined as modified Rankin scale scores of 0 to 2 at 90 days. Logistic regression analysis was performed and the receiver operating characteristics analysis was used to determine cut-off values for the predictors of outcomes. Results: Sixty-three patients were enrolled. The median age was 64 (interquartile range 57.75 to 72.5) years. The median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 8 (interquartile range 3 to 13) and 41 (65.1%) patients had a good outcome at 90 days. Multivariate regression analysis showed smaller perfusion lesion (the sum of ischemic penumbra and infarcted core) (odds ratio: 0.961; 95% confidence interval, 0.931-0.992; P=0.013) and lower baseline NIHSS score (odds ratio: 0.759; 95% confidence interval, 0.644-0.895; P=0.001) were significant predictors for good outcomes. Receiver operating characteristics analysis was utilized to define optimal cut-off values for perfusion lesion [cut-off, 59 mL; area under curve (AUC), 0.761; sensitivity, 0.57; specificity, 0.93; P=0.001], ischemic penumbra (cut-off, 43.5 mL; AUC, 0.761; sensitivity, 0.62; specificity, 0.90; P=0.001), infarcted core (cut-off, 9.5 mL; AUC, 0.665; sensitivity, 0.43; specificity, 0.93; P=0.035), and baseline NIHSS score (cut-off, 8.5; AUC, 0.880; sensitivity, 0.81; specificity, 0.88; P<0.001). Conclusions: This study suggested that smaller perfusion lesion and lower baseline NIHSS score may be helpful to predict favorable prognosis of stroke patients who receive thrombolysis guided by tissue-window.
Closed-Form Receiver for Multi-Hop MIMO Relay Systems with Tensor Space-Time Coding

A multi-hop multi input multi output (MIMO) relay system with tensor coding at the source and relays is proposed in this paper. The tensor of signals received at destination satisfies a high-order nested Tucker decomposition (HONTD), generalizing an existing tensor decomposition. Exploiting this HONTD model allows to derive a closed-form semi-blind receiver for jointly estimating the information symbols and the individual channels. Identifiability conditions and ambiguity relations are derived. Monte Carlo simulation results are provided to evaluate the performance of the proposed receiver in terms of channels and symbols estimation, and the impact of the number of relays is illustrated.
Conservation breeding of the Northern river terrapin Batagur baska at the Vienna Zoo, Austria, and in Bangladesh

Wild populations of the Northern river terrapin Batagur baska have been decimated to such an extent that the species can be considered as ecologically extinct. Harvesting and habitat reduction are the main reasons for the drastic demise of B. baska, which formerly inhabited rivers and estuaries in East India, Bangladesh and Myanmar. A cooperative in situ and ex situ conservation project was established to secure the survival of this large river terrapin. In 2010, at Vienna Zoo, Austria, the first two captive-bred juveniles of the project hatched and presented an opportunity to call attention to this Critically Endangered species. With combined efforts a breeding population has been assembled in Bangladesh's Bhawal National Park and 84 juveniles have been reared in the past 2 years. Project-Batagur demonstrates how zoos can play a key role in sustainable long-term conservation of threatened species.
A simple procedure for the preparation of lipopolysaccharide for the production of antisera

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was isolated from a strain of Escherichia coli O157 by two different methods and used to prepare antisera in rabbits. LPS prepared by the proteolytic digestion of whole cells was identical to LPS prepared with hot‐phenol, as shown by SDS‐PAGE and silver staining. Antisera from rabbits receiving these LPS preparations contained high titred antibodies (>105) of the IgM class to E. coli O157 LPS.
Optimal Real-Time Scheduling Algorithm for Wireless Sensors with Regenerative Energy

Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is a promising and broadly used energy-efficient technique to overcome the main problems arising from using a finite energy reservoir capacity and uncertain energy source in real-time embedded systems. This work investigates an energy management scheme for real-time task scheduling in variable voltage processors located in sensor nodes and powered by ambient energy sources. We use DVFS technique to decrease the energy consumption of sensors at the time when the energy sources are limited. In particular, we develop and prove an optimal real-time scheduling framework with speed stretching, namely energy guarantee DVFS (EG-DVFS), that jointly accounts not only for the timing constraints, but also for the energy state incurred by the properties of the system components. EG-DVFS relies on the well-known earliest deadline-harvesting scheduling algorithm combined with DVFS technique where the sensor processing frequency is fine tuned to further minimize energy consumption and to achieve an energy autonomy of the system. Further, an exact feasibility test for a set of periodic, aperiodic or even sporadic tasks is presented.
A personal vision of the integrated society

In this paper I draw upon theory within critical and postconventional futures studies to develop a vision for some potential applications of advanced cognitive capacities in an idealised society of the future-the integrated city. Specifically I refer to the theory of integrated intelligence (Anthony, 2008). This theory posits that the human mind is embedded within a sea of consciousness, and that contemporary human beings can consciously utilise this consciousness. In this paper I focus upon the future of life and especially work in the modern city in developed Western and Asian localities.
Analysis and Assessment of Modular Multilevel Converter Internal Control Schemes

Adoption of distributed submodule (SM) capacitors in a modular multilevel converter (MMC) necessitates complex controllers to ensure the stability of its internal dynamics. This paper presents comprehensive analysis and assessment of different proportional resonant (PR)-based control schemes proposed to stabilize the internal dynamics and ensure ac and dc sides power quality of the MMC within a dc transmission system. With the consideration of passive component tolerances, different energy- and voltage-based control schemes under various conditions are analyzed. It has been established that without vertical voltage balance control, unequal passive component values in the upper and lower arms of the same phase leg may cause: unbalanced fundamental currents in the arms, unequal dc voltage across the arms, and fundamental oscillations in the common-mode currents that lead to fundamental frequency ripple in the dc-link current. The theoretical analysis that explains this mechanism is presented, and is used to show that vertical voltage balancing is necessary for the nullification of arm voltage difference and suppression of odd oscillations caused by capacitive/inductive asymmetry between arms of the same phase leg. Simulations support the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of voltage balancing in ensuring correct operation, independent of tolerances of the MMC passive elements, and operating conditions. A new direct method for elimination of fundamental oscillations in the common-mode and dc-link current is proposed. Experimental results from a single-phase MMC prototype validate the presented theoretical discussions and simulations.
A Breviary of Seismic Tomography: Frontmatter

This is the first textbook to cover all the major aspects of seismic tomography at a level accessible to students. While focusing on applications in solid earth geophysics, the book also includes numerous excursions into helioseismology in order to demonstrate the strong affinity between the two fields. The book presents a comprehensive introduction to seismic tomography including the basic theory of wave propagation, the ray and Born approximations required for interpretation of amplitudes, travel times and phases, eigenvibrations and surface waves, observational methods, model parametrization, finite-frequency methods, inversion, error and resolution analysis, and seismic anisotropy. It presents in-depth consideration of observational aspects of the subject, as well as practical recommendations for implementing numerical models using publicly available software. Written by one of the leaders in the field, and containing numerous student exercises, this textbook is appropriate for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses. It is also an invaluable guide for seismology research practitioners in geophysics and astronomy. Solutions to the exercises, and a link to the author’s tomographic software and user manual are available online from www.cambridge. org/9780521882446.
Relation classification via recurrent neural network with attention and tensor layers

Relation classification is a crucial component in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems. In this paper, we propose a novel bidirectional recurrent neural network architecture (using Long Short-Term Memory, LSTM, cells) for relation classification, with an attention layer for organizing the context information on the word level and a tensor layer for detecting complex connections between two entities. The above two feature extraction operations are based on the LSTM networks and use their outputs. Our model allows end-to-end learning from the raw sentences in the dataset, without trimming or reconstructing them. Experiments on the SemEval-2010 Task 8 dataset show that our model outperforms most state-of-the-art methods.
Differences in activity enhancement of a baculovirus by an optical brightener between Choristoneura fumiferana and Choristoneura occidentalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Optical brighteners were recently discovered to function as UV protectants for baculoviruses of insects (Shapiro 1992) and, also, to enhance entomopathogenic activity of these viruses (Hamm and Shapiro 1992; Li and Otvos 1999a). Enhancement of viral activity by brighteners varied greatly from one virus–host system to another: for example, from 1500-fold in LdMNPV against Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) (Argauer and Shapiro 1997) to 2- to 13-fold in a multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (CfMNPV) against Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman (Li and Otvos 1999a). The reason for this variation in enhancement of viral activity is still unknown. In this study, we used CfMNPV to compare the levels of viral enhancement by an optical brightener between C. occidentalis and C. fumiferana.
Annual cycles of bacterioplankton biomass and production suggest a general switch between temperature and resource control in temperate coastal ecosystems

Factors regulating the biomass and ﬂux of organic carbon through heterotrophic bacterioplankton were examined monthly in the southern Bay of Biscay during 2006 and 2007. Temperature and resource supply were able to explain signiﬁcantly changes in bacterial biomass (539–1389 mg C m 2 2 ) and production (5.4–93 mg C m 2 2 day 2 1 ), although at different periods of the year. A switch between the relative strength of both factors in the spring–summer transition seems to be a general feature in temperate coastal waters.