Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Large-Scale Fabrication of Optically Active Plasmonic Arrays via Displacement Talbot Lithography

Periodic nanoapertures fabricated in thin metal films exhibit a range of interesting properties in the presence of electromagnetic waves including phenomena such as extraordinary optical transmission (EOT). Fundamentally, these effects are mediated by plasmons and have been shown to have a vast range of applications, including, colour filtering, chemical sensing, and as components in solar cells. In the majority of cases, the high spatial resolution required for precise fabrication of these structures is limited to direct writing techniques such as Focused Ion Beam (FIB) and Electron beam lithography (EBL), which only cover relatively small, micron-sized, areas. In this article, we describe and demonstrate the fabrication of plasmonically active devices in the visible range using Displacement Talbot Lithography (DTL). This method allows nanometre-resolution photolithography to be performed over very large areas (whole wafers) without any significant degradation in quality. We present experimental results for a range of different structures including periodic, aperiodic and hexagonal configurations in silver films.
Investigation of Left-Handed Behavior in Ferromagnetic Cobalt Magnetic Vortex Structure Using Spin-Wave Resonances

Terahertz spintronics is an emerging field that bridges the boundary between magnetism and photonics, which make the magnetic material suitable for photonic applications. In this article, terahertz spin-wave resonances are used to investigate the effective permeability of left-handed behavior in an array of cobalt nanomagnetic vortices. The ultrafast magnetization and the toroidal moment of the cobalt nanomagnetic vortices play a major role in reducing losses in the left-handed metamaterial. The ultrafast magnetization dynamics of an array of cobalt nanomagnetic vortices are studied both analytically and numerically, and the results are used to study the variation of permeability as a function of frequency in the terahertz range.
Molecular basis for the therapeutic uses of botulinum toxin for chronic pain

s J. Oliver Dolly, MD, Jianghui Meng, Jiafu Wang, Tom H. Zurawski, Astrid Sasse, Lance E. Steward, Ester Fernández-Salas, Joseph Francis, Marcella A. Gilmore, K. Roger Aoki, and Gary W. Lawrence. Multiple steps in the blockade of exocytosis by
$ \chi^2 $ test for total variation regularization parameter selection

Total Variation (TV) is an effective method of removing noise in digital image processing while preserving edges. The scaling or regularization parameter in the TV process defines the amount of denoising, with a value of zero giving a result equivalent to the input signal. The discrepancy principle is a classical method for regularization parameter selection whereby data is fit to a specified tolerance. The tolerance is often identified based on the fact that the least squares data fit is known to follow a \begin{document}$ \chi^2 $\end{document} distribution. However, this approach fails when the number of parameters is greater than or equal to the number of data. Typically, heuristics are employed to identify the tolerance in the discrepancy principle and this leads to oversmoothing. In this work we identify a \begin{document}$ \chi^2 $\end{document} test for TV regularization parameter selection assuming the blurring matrix is full rank. In particular, we prove that the degrees of freedom in the TV regularized residual is the number of data and this is used to identify the appropriate tolerance. The importance of this work lies in the fact that the \begin{document}$ \chi^2 $\end{document} test introduced here for TV automates the choice of regularization parameter selection and can straightforwardly be incorporated into any TV algorithm. Results are given for three test images and compared to results using the discrepancy principle and MAP estimates.
The synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles with polyunsaturated oils contribute to hypolipidemic and anti-obesity activities in vivo.

This study aimed to evaluate the hypolipidemic, and anti-obesity effects of polyunsaturated oils, mixed with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). AuNPs were prepared by the oleic acid pyrolysis method. The sample was characterized by UV spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Sixty adult male rats were divided into 2 main groups. Group one (n=10 rats) was fed on the healthy diet (serves as basic control). The other group was fed on the high fructose diet (HFD) for four weeks and then was divided into five subgroups. 1st subgroup was fed on HFD only, 2nd and 4th subgroups were treated with n-3 PUFAs oils while 3rd and 5th treated with n-3 PUFAs oils mixed with AuNPs. Treatment of obese rats with n-3 PUFAs mixing with AuNPs revealed a significant decrease in in weight gain accompanied by an improvement of lipid profile. Histological examination of the heart indicated a marked improvement in the architecture and marked decrease of relative weight of heart in treated rats. It may be concluded that mixing of PUFAs oils with AuNPs could have the ability to lower weight gain of obese rats and relieved the various biochemical and histological abnormalities resulted due to obesity metabolic disorders.
Labor and Politics in Indonesia

Two decades after Indonesia's transition to democracy, its labor movement has emerged as a vibrant and influential political actor. Labor and Politics in Indonesia provides the first in-depth analysis of this development, investigating how a structurally weak labor movement carved out a strategic foothold in a country with no recent history of union engagement in politics. Caraway and Ford show how Indonesia's labor movement achieved many of its goals first through the disruptive power of contentious politics and later by combining street and electoral politics. Labor and Politics in Indonesia challenges the dominant theoretical approaches in the study of Indonesian politics, demonstrating how this movement became an active, and surprisingly effective, participant in Indonesia's democracy. Caraway and Ford break new theoretical ground in their analysis of how legacies of authoritarianism, the post-transition political opportunity structure, and the tactical creativity of Indonesia's unions combined to propel Indonesia's labor movement to success.
Shorebird Ecology, Conservation, and Management

Preface and Acknowledgments Part I Evolutionary Relationships, Anatomy and Morphology, and Breeding Biology 1 INTRODUCTION Diversity and Distribution Varied Ecomorphology Diverse Social Systems Globe- Trotting Migrants Wetland Dependence Conservation and Management Rationale for and Organization of this book 2 SYSTEMATICS, PHYLOGENY, AND PHYLOGEOGRAPHY Fossil History A Brief History of Shorebird Systematics Phylogeography Hybridization in Shorebirds Biogeography and Communities Conservation Implications 3 MORPHOLOGY, ANATOMY, AND PHYSIOLOGY Skeletal and Muscle System Integumentary System Sensory Apparatus, Foraging, and Digestion Digestive System Energetics and Thermoregulation Osmoregulation Reproductive System Conservation Implications 4 MATING SYSTEMS Defining a Mating System The Role of Ecological Factors Social versus Gene tic Relationships Parental Care Patterns Evolution of Polyandry Variance in Reproductive Success Size Dimorphism Sex Ratios Conservation Implications 5 BREEDING BIOLOGY Philopatry, Breeding Site Fidelity, and Dispersal Spring Arrival Schedules Courtship Behavior Breeding Densities Selection of a Breeding Site Eggs Incubation Hatching Chick Growth and Development Conservation Implications Part II Nonbreeding Ecology and Demography 6 MIGRATION Origins and Evolution Migration Strategies Physiology of Migration Hop, Skip, and Jump Populations and Flyways Conservation Implications 7 FORAGING ECOL OGY AND HABITAT USE Diets Foraging Maneuvers and Habitat Use Acquiring Energy Food Availability Individual Variation Conservation Implications 8 SHOREBIRDS AS PREDATORS Shorebird Predators and Their Prey Predicting Wetland Use Competition and Food Limitation Prey Reduction Community Ecology Conservation Implications 9 SPATIAL ECOLOGY AND WINTER SOCIAL ORGANIZATION Quantifying Spatial Distributions A Range of Social Organization Roosts Conservation Implications 10 POPULATION BIOLOGY Demography Survival Productivity Population Sizes and Trends Monitoring Programs Limiting Factors Human Impacts Conservation Implications Part III Management and Conservation 11 HABITAT CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT Decision Making in Wildlife Management Wetland Conservation Conservation Planning and Implementation Wetland Management Agricultural Lands Salt Ponds Sandy, Ocean- Fronting Beaches Conservation Implications 12 MANAGING PREDATORS Ethical Considerations and Decision Making Do Predators Limit Shorebird Populations? Methods of Control Conservation Implications 13 MANAGING HUMAN DISTURBANCE Definitions of Human Disturbance Characterizing Disturbance Responses to Disturbance Managing Disturbance Conservation Implications 14 EDUCATION AND OUTREACH Professional Groups Environmental Education Ecotourism and Birding Festivals Books and Online Resources Conservation Implications Appendix Index
THE IMPACT OF ACTIVITY BASE JOYFUL LEARNING ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS AT ELEMENTARY LEVEL

This research study was conducted to determine the impact of activity base joyful learning on academic achievement of students at elementary level in science. Sixty pupils of grade five from GPS Chak No.29NB Sargodha were selected as the population of study. The experimental research design was adopted. The pretest was conducted on students to mark equal the two groups and results were obtained. The participants were divided into groups, namely experimental group and control group. Thirty pupils were volunteered for the experimental group sample and the remaining thirty pupils were nominated as the sample of control group. The experimental group was educated through activity base joyful learning methodology while the control group was taught through traditional method. MCQ tool was developed and administered to students before and after the activity and lesson delivery. The impact of activity base joyful learning on academic achievement of students was acquired through mean value, standard deviation and „t‟ Test scores of pre-test and post-tests. The study outcome reveals that the student’s scores were significantly increased in experimental group strategy as compared to control group method. The study perceived that the activity base joyful learning method can enhance the academic achievement of the pupil. The finding recommends that the uses of activity base joyful learning methodology are more effective to improve and develop the enhanced skill and academic achievement of students.
Factors Analysis that Affecting the Intention to Use Digital Payment (Case Study on OVO Users in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi)

Transaction activities have evolved from cash payments to non-cash payments. The digital payment is a method of payment made using electronic media. Payments can be made through short message service, mobile banking, internet banking, e-money, or e-wallet. This study shows how response of OVO users in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi ( Jabodetabek) to the intention of use digital payments which have become a trend in carrying out transactions of anything practically. This research uses quantitative methods. The research data was obtained through the distribution of google docs online questionnaires which were shared through social media. The sample of this study is OVO users in Jabodetabek with a total of 200 respondents with a percentage of 76% having experience of using e-wallet services. The results showed that the Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, and Perceived Security factors were significantly affecting the intention to use digital payment (OVO) in Jabodetabek. While the Social Influence and Culture factors do not affect significantly the intention to use digital payment (OVO) in Jabodetabek. Keywords: digital payment, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, perceived security
Enhancing underwater images using piecewise linear smoothing gradient guided filter

Poor visibility owing towards illumination absorption and scattering is challenging for processing undersea descriptions. However, for enhancing true scene from such degradation is more important. Unfortunately, existing methods cause gradient reversal artifact particularly near boundaries. To get better insight of undersea imagery, we project a piecewise linear smoothing Gradient Guided Filter (P-GGF) technique is to defeat the difficulties caused by conventional schemes, hence produce sharper boundaries based on GGF and smoothed output based on piecewise linear model. The projected technique mainly functional for smoothing, flash and feathering. Tentative results prove that the resultant algorithm can produce imagery with improved ocular excellence than existing methods.
Applying Data Mining to Analysis of Mismatch Between Education and Labor Market in Indonesia

One of the labor problems in Indonesia is the occurrence of mismatch (incompatibility between education and job). The incompatibility of education and job (labor market) can be categorized into several criteria such as vertical mismatch, horizontal mismatch, overqualification, under qualification, over skilling, under skilling, credentialism and economic skills. In several countries, analysis of mismatch between education and labor market can be used with several methods such as the Maximum Likelihood equation, the Mincer-type income equation, and the use of clustering algorithms in data mining. Indonesia can adopt a method of measuring the mismatch between education and labor market which suitable with the condition in Indonesia. The use of the K-Means algorithm or the hierarchical clustering algorithm will be able to see how much mismatch is occurring in Indonesia. Clustering is carried out referring to the Republic of Indonesia’s Presidential Regulation No. 8/2012 and the Indonesian Classification of Work (KBJI).
Using Intensive Intervention to Improve Mathematics Skills of Students with Disabilities: Project Evaluation Report.

5 Introduction . 6 Research Questions . 8 Method . 9 Participants . 9 Measures . 10 Project Activities . 10 Evaluation Design . 11 Analysis . 12 Results . 14 Descriptive Statistics . 14 Year 1 Impact Results . 14 Year 2 Cohort Comparisons . 15 Year 3 Cohort Comparisons . 15 Middle School Findings . 16 Discussion . 16 Limitations . 17 Conclusion . 18 References . 19 Appendix A . A–1 Appendix B . B–1 Tables Page Table 1. Project Implementation Timeline . 21 Table 2. Descriptive Statistics by Group and Measure . 22 Table 3. Impact and Moderation Models for Grade 2 Mathematics Concepts and Applications . 23
Polarized Non-Line-of-Sight Imaging

This paper presents a method of passive non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging using polarization cues. A key observation is that the oblique light has a different polarimetric signal. It turns out this effect is due to the polarization axis rotation, a phenomena which can be used to better condition the light transport matrix for non-line-of-sight imaging. Our analysis and results show that the use of a polarization for NLOS is both a standalone technique, as well as an enhancement technique to boost the results of other forms of passive NLOS imaging. We make a surprising finding that, despite 50% light attenuation from polarization optics, the gains from polarized NLOS are overall superior to unpolarized NLOS.
The genus Arisaema : a monograph for botanists and nature lovers

Arisaema is a large genus within the Arum family, consisting of about 200 species, subspecies, and varieties distributed widely around the globe. They are remarkable for their exotic-looking inflorescences - which inspired the common name of cobra lily - and for the fact that they can change sex from year to year. "The Genus Arisaema" (2002) was the first comprehensive study of the genus since 1920, and indeed the first ever in the English language. This second revised and updated edition includes more than 10 new species described since 2002, along with recent developments in taxonomy, geographical distribution of species, revised tables for keying species, and many new photographs. Coverage for each species (arranged by section) includes detailed descriptions of the subterranean stem, shoot, leaf, inflorescence, and fruiting spike, with notes on the flowering period, distribution, and habitat. Fabulous color photographs, many of plants in their natural habitat, are supplemented by color illustrations that clearly identify species. There are chapters on arisaemas in the wild and in cultivation, and on propagation, and cultivation notes are provided for each section. This new edition is the only comprehensive, up-to-date book on the genus Arisaema, and will be welcomed by botanists, plant collectors, arisaema aficionados, and gardeners.
Orchid Diversity and Biomass on a Native Host Tree Species in a Semi-deciduous Rain Forest of Cameroon

ABSTRACT Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum is among an intensively exploited tree species in the Congo basin forest including the humid forest of Cameroon. As most tropical tree species, it is a potential host of epiphytic orchids for which little information is available. The aim of this study was to assess the biomass and orchids diversity that colonize T. scleroxylon in a semi-deciduous rain forest of Cameroon. Orchid species were inventoried exclusively on 20 felled T. scleroxylon. Orchid biomass obtained by destructive harvest was expressed in kg/tree. Orchid biomass was estimated in four randomized plots of 250 m × 20 m each, using allometric equations established. Twenty-nine orchid species were recorded on T. scleroxylon, while the mean orchid biomass was 1.23 kg/tree. Minimum T. scleroxylon diameter for orchid occurrence was 68.6 cm. The relationship between orchid biomass and T. scleroxylon diameter was low (Adj.R2˂0.4) and height did not improve the model. According to orchid biomass on T. scleroxylon (14.63 kg/ha), an estimated loss associated with T. scleroxylon’s exploitation was 10.47 kg/ha. This study expanded knowledge of orchid species linked to highly exploited T.scleroxylon in the Congo basin forest that impose conservation strategy, in the light of current degradation of their natural habitat and climate change mitigation.
Investigation on the spread of chytridiomycosis between UK natterjack toads and other inland amphibian populations within Cumbria

Chytridiomycosis is an amphibian disease caused by a fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which is known as one of the causative agents of global amphibian declines. B.d. has recently been detected in the UK, including six natterjack toad (Epidalea calamita) populations in Cumbria in 2006/2007. This study was undertaken in 2008; firstly to survey ten non-natterjack inland sites within a 3km radius away from a B.d. positive E. calamita site. No B.d. positive amphibians were detected from the survey, which suggests little or no movement of pathogen from the infected sand dune habitat toward inland farmland at least within a year. As a second part of the study, five E. calamita sites outside Cumbria region were surveyed and two sites in Merseyside region were found B.d. positive. Although E. calamita may have the ability to spread the pathogen at a small scale through natural migration/dispersal, the detection of B.d. at Merseyside sites (10s of kilometers away from infected Cumbria sites) suggests anthropogenic involvement in the spread of B.d. This mode of transmission is further supported due to the species having been a focus of high conservation activity and movement of the animals over a long time period. Further investigations on these amphibians are required, especially on their susceptibility toward B.d. and how they behave when they are infected. Surveillance of E. calamita sites which have not yet been surveyed for B.d. is also required to obtain a complete picture of B.d. distribution amongst the UK E. calamita populations. Together with the results form the nationwide chytrid surveillance being conducted in 2008, B.d. control measures should then be determined to successfully eradicate or at least terminate the further spread of the pathogen within UK.
Discriminant and Sparsity Based Least Squares Regression with l1 Regularization for Feature Representation

Least squares regression (LSR) has two main issues that greatly limits the improvement of performance: 1) The target matrix is too rigid leading to a large regression error; 2) the underlying geometric structure of the training data is often ignored to learn a more discriminative projection matrix. To solve these dilemmas, this paper presents a discriminant and sparsity based least squares regression with l1 regularization (DS_LSR). In DS_LSR, the sparse coefficient matrix of the training data with l1 regularization is jointly learned with the projection matrix to make the projection matrix discriminative. In addition, an orthogonal relaxed term is introduced to hold the structure of regression targets while relaxing the rigid label matrix. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in classification accuracy.
Geodetic Measurements of Slow‐Slip Events Southeast of Parkfield, CA

Tremor and low‐frequency earthquakes are presumed to be indicative of surrounding slow, aseismic slip that is often below geodetic detection thresholds. This study uses data from borehole seismometers and long‐baseline laser strainmeters to observe both the seismic and geodetic signatures of episodic tremor and slip on the Parkfield region of the San Andreas Fault near Cholame, CA. The observed occurrence rates of both the tremors and co‐located families of low‐frequency earthquakes are not steady but instead exhibit quasiperiodic bursts of increased activity. We show that these periods of elevated seismic activity correlate with statistically significant stacked strain signals consisting of 44 slow‐slip events. Modeled individual slow‐slip events and their total summed moment, which are constrained by seismic signals and stacked strain, respectively, indicate that the individual moment magnitudes of these events range from Mw 4.6–5.2. We find that the measured geodetic signal likely precedes the seismic signal by several hours, consistent with the aseismic slip preceding and driving the observed seismic tremor activity. We confirm that strike‐slip faults, in addition to subduction zones, are capable of producing episodic tremor and slip.