Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Meibomian gland demodicosis in cattle: the clinical disease and diagnosis.

Received: Revised: Accepted: January 02, 2014 January 10, 2014 January 28, 2014 Bovine demodicosis was surveyed in five States of the Sudan during vaccination campaigns and in abattoirs. Among the total number of cattle surveyed (48,000), 16,608 cattle had skin lesions of demodectic mange. Among those infected, 8,012 cattle (48.2%) had simultaneous skin and meibomian gland demodicosis. Meibomian gland demodicosis was characterized by lacrimation, hyperaemia and congestion of the mucous membranes, and in extreme cases, by purulent exudation, swelling and closure of the eyelids. Both eyelids showed 2-4 purulent nodules of 3-4 mm in diameter each, arranged in a linear fashion. Demodex ghanensis and primary pathogenic bacteria (Moraxella bovis and Staphylococcus aureus) were isolated from the infected material expressed from meibomian gland lesions. The histopathological changes seen were compatible with cell-mediated immunity. The destruction caused by the mites and associated bacteria resulted in typical granulomatous reaction. The central core of infection in the glandular acini composed of mites, bacteria and purulent exudate was infiltrated by neutrophils and a few eosinophils; surrounded by lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, epithelioid, giant cells and proliferation of connective tissue.
Fluctuation dynamo amplified by intermittent shear bursts in convectively driven magnetohydrodynamic turbulence

Intermittent large-scale high-shear flows are found to occur frequently and spontaneously in direct numerical simulations of statistically stationary turbulent Boussinesq magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) convection. The energetic steady state of the system is sustained by convective driving of the velocity field and small-scale dynamo action. The intermittent emergence of flow structures with strong velocity and magnetic shearing generates magnetic energy at an elevated rate on time scales that are longer than the characteristic time of the large-scale convective motion. The resilience of magnetic energy amplification suggests that intermittent shear bursts are a significant driver of dynamo action in turbulent magnetoconvection.
Effect of a distributed delay on relative stability of diffusely coupled systems, with application to synchronized equilibria

We perform a linear stability analysis of synchronized equilibria in networks of diffusely coupled oscillators, affected by distributed delays in the coupling, and we characterize the structure of the emanating solutions in the bifurcations, under the assumption that the delay kernels are equal to each other. The motivation comes from the fact that valuable quantitative and qualitative information about the occurrence and type of synchronous or partially synchronous solutions can be obtained from this linear analysis. We analyze stability of synchronized equilibria as a function of the parameters of a so‐called shifted gamma‐distributed delay, which allows to represent or approximate a large class of distributed delay kernels. We also present an asymptotic analysis method, which is particularly suitable for studying the effect of a distribution of delays on stability. We apply the methods to networks of coupled Lorenz systems, where we highlight that stability is favored by a distributed delay compared with a discrete delay with the same average value. Among others, we show that if the coupling is diffusive, the synchronized equilibria become asymptotically stable for large values of the coupling gain, that is, the systems locally asymptotically synchronize at an equilibrium, independently of the network topology. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soccereus 2 D Simulation Team Description Paper

Soccer simulation is a ground where one can utilize theoretical concepts of Artificial Intelligence in a practical field. Majority of teams participating in this international league give their complete attention to enhance high level and more common actions through a learning process. In this paper we employ several methods of machine learning to improve functionalities that has received less attention in the past years. We propose four AI based algorithms to improve the shooting skill of the agent, increase probability of scoring a goal from corner kicks and accelerate the body dribble action of an offensive agent.
Enhanced Grid-Forming Inverters in Future Power Grids

New control approaches for grid integrated power inverters are under investigations while increasing the renewable power generation in electrical grids. This paper presents an extended grid-forming control and outlines a theoretical analysis. Unlike conventional current-controlled inverters, grid-forming inverters participate directly in forming the grid and therefore they provide inherently beneficial grid services. The merit is demonstrated experimentally with a Power-Hardware-in-the-Loop test bench.
Hit or Miss? Test Taking Behavior in Multiple Choice Exams

We model and estimate the decision to answer questions in multiple choice tests with negative marking. Our focus is on the trade-off between precision and fairness. Negative marking reduces guessing, thereby increasing accuracy considerably. However, it reduces the expected score of the more risk averse, discriminating against them. Using data from the Turkish University Entrance Exam, we find that students' attitudes towards risk differ according to their gender and ability. Women and those with high ability are significantly more risk averse: nevertheless, the impact on scores of such differences is small, making a case for negative marking.
Synthesis of multiple observations using a regional aerosol assimilation / forecast model ( RAQMS ) and assessment of biomass burning emission estimates

This study presents the synthesis of multiple observations using the regional component of the Real-time Air Quality Modeling System (RAQMS) to evaluate biomass burning emission estimates and assess consequent impacts on air quality. During the NOAA 2006 TexAQS II field study observations from different platforms, such as satellites, aircraft and ground network, are available. These combined resources provide an opportunity for detailed interpretation of factors influencing local air quality. However, their utilization is not straightforward due to difficulties in incorporating data that are at different temporal and spatial resolutions. A 3D aerosol assimilation/forecast model can be an effective tool for linking multiple observations. To demonstrate this we investigate aerosol loading due to wildfire emissions during Aug Sept, 2006, and discuss how the assimilation system can be used to characterize biases in wildfire emission estimates. We assimilate MODIS aerosol optical depth (AOD) using RAQMS. RAQMS-MODIS AOD analysis increments are used to identify a bias in carbonaceous aerosol associated with biomass burning estimates. CALIPSO observations are used to evaluate the altitudes of aerosol layers. The ground-based measurements and the MODIS AOD retrieval are used to evaluate the model performance and to assess the impact of wildfire on local air quality in Houston, TX.
EFFEOT OF SOIL APPLICATION OF ALDRIN & DIELDRIN ON YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GROUNDNUT ( ARAOHIS HYPOGAEA L . )

There are several reports in literature regarding the effect of insecticides on the yield of various crops but little is known about their effect oti quality aspect (Agarwala, 1955; Chatterji and Sarup, 1960). Bogdanov (1963) reported an increase in amino acid content of leaves and beans when bean plants were sprayed with thiometon and parathion. Spray of menazon increased the yield and improved the quality of groundnut (Davies and Kasule, 1964). Aldrin and dieldrin are commonly used for the control of termites in various crops. Present investigations were undertaken to study their effect on the yield and quality of ground nut, an important crop of semi-arid zones.
Evaluating the timing and structure of the 4.2 ka event in the Indian summer monsoon domain from an annually resolved speleothem record from Northeast India

Abstract. A large array of proxy records suggests that the “4.2 ka event” marks an approximately 300-year long period (∼3.9 to 4.2 ka) of major climate change across the globe. However, the climatic manifestation of this event, including its onset, duration, and termination, remains less clear in the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) domain. Here, we present new oxygen isotope (δ18O) data from a pair of speleothems (ML.1 and ML.2) from Mawmluh Cave, Meghalaya, India, that provide a high-resolution record of ISM variability during a period (∼3.78 and 4.44 ka) that fully encompasses the 4.2 ka event. The sub-annually to annually resolved ML.1 δ18O record is constrained by 18 230Th dates with an average dating error of ±13 years (2σ) and a resolution of ∼40 years, which allows us to characterize the ISM variability with unprecedented detail. The inferred pattern of ISM variability during the period contemporaneous with the 4.2 ka event shares broad similarities and key differences with the previous reconstructions of ISM from the Mawmluh Cave and other proxy records from the region. Our data suggest that the ISM intensity, in the context of the length of our record, abruptly decreased at ∼4.0 ka (∼±13 years), marking the onset of a multi-centennial period of relatively reduced ISM, which was punctuated by at least two multi-decadal droughts between ∼3.9 and 4.0 ka. The latter stands out in contrast with some previous proxy reconstructions of the ISM, in which the 4.2 ka event has been depicted as a singular multi-centennial drought.
Classifiers Based on Inverted Distances

In this chapter we describe an elaborated yet simple classification method (IINC) that can outperform a range of standard classification methods of data mining, e.g. k-nearest neighbors, Naive Bayes Classifiers’ as well as SVM. In any case the method is an alternative to well-known and widely used classification methods. There is a lot of classification methods, simpler or very sophisticated. Some standard methods of probability density estimate for classification are based on the nearest neighbors method which uses ratio k/V, where k is the number of points of a given class from the training set in a suitable ball of volume V with center at point x (Silverman, 1990; Duda et al., 2000; Chaves et al., 2001) sometimes denoted as query point. For probability density estimation by the k-nearest-neighbor (k-NN) method in En, the best value of k must be carefully tuned to find optimal results. Often used role of thumb is that k equals to square root of number of samples of the learning set. Nearest neighbors methods exhibit sometimes surprisingly good results see e.g. (Merz, 2010; Kim & Ghahramani, 2006). Bayesian methods form the other class of most reputable non-parametric methods (Duda et al., 2000; Kim & Ghahramani, 2006). Random trees or random forest approach belong among complex, but the best classification methods as well as neural networks of different types (Bock, 2004). The disadvantage of many these methods is the necessity to find proper set of internal parameters of the system. This problem is often solved by the use of genetic optimization as in the case of complex neural networks see e.g. (Hakl et al., 2002). First, we will provide a shot overview of the basic idea of the IINC and its features and show a simple demonstative example of a pragmatic approach to a simple classification task. Second, we give a deeper mathematical insight into the method and finally we will demonstrate the power of the IINC on data sets from two well-known repository real-life tasks.
Jsolated Stars of Low Metallicity

We study the effects of a reduced mass-loss rate on the evolution of low metallicity Jsolated stars, following our earlier classification for angular momentum (J) isolated stars. By using the stellar evolution code MESA we study the evolution with different mass-loss rate efficiencies for stars with low metallicities of Z = 0 . 001 and Z = 0 . 004 , and compare with the evolution with solar metallicity, Z = 0 . 02 . We further study the possibility for late asymptomatic giant branch (AGB)—planet interaction and its possible effects on the properties of the planetary nebula (PN). We find for all metallicities that only with a reduced mass-loss rate an interaction with a low mass companion might take place during the AGB phase of the star. The interaction will most likely shape an elliptical PN. The maximum post-AGB luminosities obtained, both for solar metallicity and low metallicities, reach high values corresponding to the enigmatic finding of the PN luminosity function.
Nonlinearity Detection in Dynamical Systems

A method to detect the presence of nonlinearity in dynamical systems is proposed. The method quantifies nonlinearity as a statistical variance from a system's response when linearised. For a given input signal, bounds are defined by an F-score statistical significance test. If the variance of the system's output compared to an ideal linear response exceeds those bounds, linearity is very unlikely and cannot be assumed for the system. The proposed method has use in selecting model structures for system identification and for controller design. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is demonstrated on three single-input single-output (SISO) benchmark systems: a linear spring-damper system, a nonlinear pendulum and nonlinear Duffing oscillator. Each model is driven with inputs of varying amplitude, showing how the effect of nonlinearity in the system dynamics increases as the input amplitude increases. This also demonstrates that, for the same input signals, some of the systems' responses behave more nonlinearly than others. The method is also applied to a published multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) nonlinear diesel engine air-path model to show relevance for real applications.
Time-varying systems identification using continuous wavelet analysis of free decay response signals

This paper proposes a time-varying approach used fo r identification of time-varying systems and presents a simulation example of a simp le vibration system with time-varying mass, stiffness and damping characteristics, which is a f ive-storey shear-beam building model. Free decay acceleration response signals are analyzed to reveal time-varying nature of the system. Wavelet analysis is used for system identification. The method is based on a recently developed direct identification algorithm. Numerical results confirm that the proposed method is accurate and effective in identification of the time-varying system. Keyword: time-varying, parameter identification, continuous wavelet, free decay response signals, instantaneous frequencies.
COX‐2 inhibitors for endodontic pain

The recent introduction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that selectively inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), has generated considerable enthusiasm as a potential class of analgesic drugs with reduced side-effect liability. This article reviews the pharmacology of the COX-2 inhibitors from the perspective of their potential role in the management of the endodontic pain patient.
A unifying theory of dark energy and dark matter: Negative masses and matter creation within a modified ΛCDM framework

Dark energy and dark matter constitute 95% of the observable Universe. Yet the physical nature of these two phenomena remains a mystery. Einstein suggested a long-forgotten solution: gravitationally repulsive negative masses, which drive cosmic expansion and cannot coalesce into light-emitting structures. However, contemporary cosmological results are derived upon the reasonable assumption that the Universe only contains positive masses. By reconsidering this assumption, I have constructed a toy model which suggests that both dark phenomena can be unified into a single negative mass fluid. The model is a modified ΛCDM cosmology, and indicates that continuously-created negative masses can resemble the cosmological constant and can flatten the rotation curves of galaxies. The model leads to a cyclic universe with a time-variable Hubble parameter, potentially providing compatibility with the current tension that is emerging in cosmological measurements. In the first three-dimensional N-body simulations of negative mass matter in the scientific literature, this exotic material naturally forms haloes around galaxies that extend to several galactic radii. These haloes are not cuspy. The proposed cosmological model is therefore able to predict the observed distribution of dark matter in galaxies from first principles. The model makes several testable predictions and seems to have the potential to be consistent with observational evidence from distant supernovae, the cosmic microwave background, and galaxy clusters. These findings may imply that negative masses are a real and physical aspect of our Universe, or alternatively may imply the existence of a superseding theory that in some limit can be modelled by effective negative masses. Both cases lead to the surprising conclusion that the compelling puzzle of the dark Universe may have been due to a simple sign error.
Need for Vapour-Liquid Equilibrium Data Generation of Systems Involving Green Solvents

Much has been said and written over the years regarding green chemistry concept and use of green solvents. The green solvents can potentially replace the traditional or classical solvents in order to reduce the environment footprint or their harmful impact on human being and/or environment. Vapour-liquid equilibrium data is indispensable for the design of distillation columns for separation processes which account for a large percentage of total costs in a typical chemical plant. Though extensive approach has been made for the replacement of traditional solvents, but not enough consideration been given for vapour-liquid equilibrium data, required for designing separation processes in case of replacement with green solvents. So this paper aims at encouraging vapour-liquid equilibrium data generation for design of efficient separation for binary systems involving ethereal green solvents such as cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) and 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF). A brief review and outline of procedure for generating vapour-liquid equilibrium data is presented here.
Land cover change in western Madagascar's dry deciduous forests: a comparison of forest changes in and around Kirindy Mite National Park

Abstract Western Madagascar's dry forests have suffered greater levels of deforestation than the island's humid eastern forests, and many of the largest remaining contiguous tracts of dry forest are conserved in Kirindy Mite National Park. To assist Kirindy Mite's management plan, we assessed land cover change in and around the Park, remotely sensing forest cover within the Park and an arbitrary 5-km buffer from Landsat images taken in 1990, 2000 and 2006. We then quantified forest cover and change and compared the values between the Park and buffer, interpreting the results through expert knowledge of the area. Kirindy Mite had lower rates of deforestation, higher rates of reforestation, and less net change than the unprotected zone in both 1990–2000 and 2000–2006. Park deforestation rates were approximately one third to one fourth those of the buffer, and Park reforestation rates were approximately double those of the buffer. Net change in the Park fluctuated between the two periods, with deforestation during 2000–2006 slightly exceeding reforestation during 1990–2000. All land cover changes accelerated over the study period, and disturbances in the Park were most frequent near its boundary. To maintain the forest as differences in forest cover across the Park boundary increase, we suggest including or intensifying measures to: (1) expand the Park boundary, simplifying its shape, (2) cooperate with the local people in managing a buffer zone, and (3) increase monitoring to minimize anthropogenic disturbances crossing the Park boundary.
Trapped modes and reflectionless modes as eigenfunctions of the same spectral problem

We consider the reflection–transmission problem in a waveguide with obstacle. At certain frequencies, for some incident waves, intensity is perfectly transmitted and the reflected field decays exponentially at infinity. In this work, we show that such reflectionless modes can be characterized as eigenfunctions of an original non-self-adjoint spectral problem. To select ingoing waves on one side of the obstacle and outgoing waves on the other side, we use complex scalings (or perfectly matched layers) with imaginary parts of different signs. We prove that the real eigenvalues of the obtained spectrum correspond either to trapped modes (or bound states in the continuum) or to reflectionless modes. Interestingly, complex eigenvalues also contain useful information on weak reflection cases. When the geometry has certain symmetries, the new spectral problem enters the class of PT-symmetric problems.
'Effortless Perfection:' Do Chinese Cities Manipulate Air Pollution Data?

This paper uses unique data on daily air pollution concentrations over the period 2001–2010 to test for manipulation in self-reported data by Chinese cities. First, we employ a discontinuity test to detect evidence consistent with data manipulation. Then, we propose a panel matching approach to identify the conditions under which irregularities may occur. We find that about 50% of cities reported dubious PM10 pollution levels that led to a discontinuity at the cut-off. Suspicious data reporting tends to occur on days when the anomaly is least detectable. Our findings indicate that the official daily air pollution data are not well behaved, which provides suggestive evidence of manipulation.
Phenology of Species in the Cerrado of Mato Grosso State, Brazil - Brosimum gaudichaudii Trécul (Moraceae)

The roots of the Brosimum gaudichaudii Trecul. , a plant of the Moreaceae family, frequent in the cerrado region and Northeast of Brazil, which is popularly known as "mamica de cadela", "mamacadela" and "algodao" (cotton), are employed by popular medicine against vitiligo and skin deseases (Agra et al., 2008). Its fruit, of a yellow-orange color, is chewed as chewing gum, due to the latex it contains and due to its flavor, while the powder obtained of roots is used as a fragrance (Hoehne, 1946).
Some Properties of Strongly Regular Graphs

An approach to the enumeration of feasible parameters for strongly regular graphs is described, based on the pair of structural parameters (a,c) and the positive eigenvalue e. The Krein bound ensures that there are only finitely many possibilities for c, given a and e, and the standard divisibility conditions can be used to reduce the possibilities further. Many sets of feasible parameters appear to be accidents of arithmetic, but in some cases the conditions are satisfied for algebraic reasons. As an example, we discuss an infinite family of feasible parameters for which the corresponding graphs necessarily have a closed neighborhood as a star complement for e.