Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Osteogenic Differentiation of Noncultured Immunoisolated Bone Marrow‐Derived CD105+ Cells

The culture expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) may alter their characteristics and is a costly and time‐consuming stage. This study demonstrates for the first time that immunoisolated noncultured CD105‐positive (CD105+) hMSCs are multipotent in vitro and exhibit the capacity to form bone in vivo. hMSCs are recognized as promising tools for bone regeneration. However, the culture stage is a limiting step in the clinical setting. To establish a simple, efficient, and fast method for applying these cells for bone formation, a distinct population of CD105+ hMSCs was isolated from bone marrow (BM) by using positive selection based on the expression of CD105 (endoglin). The immunoisolated CD105+ cell fraction represented 2.3% ± 0.45% of the mononuclear cells (MNCs). Flow cytometry analysis of freshly immunoisolated CD105+ cells revealed a purity of 79.7% ± 3.2%. In vitro, the CD105+ cell fraction displayed significantly more colony‐forming units‐fibroblasts (CFU‐Fs; 6.3 ± 1.4) than unseparated MNCs (1.1 ± 0.3; p < .05). Culture‐expanded CD105+ cells expressed CD105, CD44, CD29, CD90, and CD106 but not CD14, CD34, CD45, or CD31 surface antigens, and these cells were able to differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. In addition, freshly immunoisolated CD105+ cells responded in vivo to recombinant bone morphogenetic protein‐2 by differentiating into chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Genetic engineering of freshly immunoisolated CD105+ cells was accomplished using either adenoviral or lentiviral vectors. Based on these findings, it is proposed that noncultured BM‐derived CD105+ hMSCs are osteogenic cells that can be genetically engineered to induce tissue generation in vivo.
Physical fitness and academic performance in youth: A systematic review

Physical fitness (PF) is a construct of health‐ and skill‐related attributes which have been associated with academic performance (AP) in youth. This study aimed to review the scientific evidence on the association among components of PF and AP in children and adolescents. A systematic review of articles using databases PubMed/Medline, ERIC, LILACS, SciELO, and Web of Science was undertaken. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies examining the association between at least one component of PF and AP in children and adolescents, published between 1990 and June 2016, were included. Independent extraction of articles was carried out by the two authors using predefined data fields. From a total of 45 studies included, 25 report a positive association between components of PF with AP and 20 describe a single association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and AP. According to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines: 12 were classified as low, 32 as medium risk, and 1 as high risk of bias. Thirty‐one studies reported a positive association between AP and CRF, six studies with muscular strength, three studies with flexibility, and seven studies reported a positive association between clustered of PF components and AP. The magnitude of the associations is weak to moderate (β = 0.10–0.42 and odds = 1.01–4.14). There is strong evidence for a positive association between CRF and cluster of PF with AP in cross‐sectional studies; and evidence from longitudinal studies for a positive association between cluster of PF and AP; the relationship between muscular strength and flexibility with AP remains uncertain.
Hormones and phenotypic plasticity: Implications for the evolution of integrated adaptive phenotypes

It is generally accepted that taxa exhibit genetic variation in phenotypic plasticity, but many questions remain unan- swered about how divergent plastic responses evolve under dissimilar ecological conditions. Hormones are signaling molecules that act as proximate mediators of phenotype expression by regulating a variety of cellular, physiological, and behavioral re- sponses. Hormones not only change cellular and physiological states but also influence gene expression directly or indirectly, thereby linking environmental conditions to phenotypic development. Studying how hormonal pathways respond to environ- mental variation and how those responses differ between individuals, populations, and species can expand our understanding of the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Here, we explore the ways that the study of hormone signaling is providing new insights into the underlying proximate bases for individual, population or species variation in plasticity. Using several studies as exem- plars, we examine how a 'norm of reaction' approach can be used in investigations of hormone-mediated plasticity to inform the following: 1) how environmental cues affect the component hormones, receptors and enzymes that comprise any endocrine sig- naling pathway, 2) how genetic and epigenetic variation in endocrine-associated genes can generate variation in plasticity among these diverse components, and 3) how phenotypes mediated by the same hormone can be coupled and decoupled via independent plastic responses of signaling components across target tissues. Future studies that apply approaches such as reaction norms and network modeling to questions concerning how hormones link environmental stimuli to ecologically-relevant phenotypic re- sponses should help unravel how phenotypic plasticity evolves (Current Zoology 59 (4): 506-525, 2013). Keywords Hormone, Endocrine, Reaction norm, Developmental plasticity, Pleiotropy, Ecology, Network
Mothers’ perceptions of fever in children

Background: Fever is one of the most common symptoms for children. Most fevers are not dangerous; parents, especially mothers, nevertheless experience severe anxiety confronting children's fevers. This study aimed to explore the mothers’ perceptions of fever in their children. Materials and Methods: Mothers of hospitalized febrile children were selected by purposeful sampling method from two hospitals in Bushehr in 2012. Data saturation was reached after in-depth semi structured interviews with 12 participants. Data analysis was done by conventional content analysis method. Findings: Sense of concern, the necessity for quick action and the need for protection emerged from mothers’ views. Sense of concern came from concerns over cause of fever, child's hospitalization and possible side-effects of fever. The necessity for quick action resulted from gathering information, self-medication and referring to healthcare centres; the need for spiritual and emotional protection created the need to protect in mothers. Conclusion: Findings showed that mothers need educational, emotional and spiritual protection in order to overcome their concerns and managing their children's fever. It is recommended that an empowering model based on these findings be developed in order to strengthen mothers in dealing with fevers in order to prevent excessive concern and anxiety.
Imaging and the Human Brain Project: A Review

Summary Objectives: Survey current work primarily funded by the US Human Brain Project (HBP) that involves substantial use of images. Organize this work around a framework based on the physical organization of the body. Methods: Pointers to individual research efforts were obtained through the HBP home page as well as personal contacts from HBP annual meetings. References from these sources were followed to find closely related work. The individual research efforts were then studied and characterized. Results: The subject of the review is the intersection of neuroinformatics (information about the brain), imaging informatics (information about images), and structural informatics (information about the physical structure of the body). Of the 30 funded projects currently listed on the HBP web site, at least 22 make heavy use of images. These projects are described in terms of broad categories of structural imaging, functional imaging, and image-based brain information systems. Conclusions: Understanding the most complex entity known (the brain) gives rise to many interesting and difficult problems in informatics and computer science. Although much progress has been made by HBP and other neuroinformatics researchers, a great many problems remain that will require substantial informatics research efforts. Thus, the HPB can and should be seen as an excellent driving application area for biomedical informatics research.
Phase I/II study of oxaliplatin with weekly bolus fluorouracil and high-dose leucovorin (ROX) as first-line therapy for patients with colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND Infusional fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV) with oxaliplatin is one of the current standard regimens for the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Weekly bolus 5-FU with high-dose LV (Roswell Park Memorial Institute Regimen: RPMI) is the most commonly used regimen in Japan. The objectives of this study were to determine the recommended dose (RD) of RPMI combined with oxaliplatin and to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy at the RD. METHODS The subjects were 18 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Oxaliplatin (85 mg/m2) was given intravenously over 2 h on days 1 and 15 with l-LV (250 mg/m2) given intravenously over 2 h and 5-FU as an intravenous bolus on days 1, 8, and 15. This treatment was repeated every 4 weeks. The dose of 5-FU was escalated from 400 mg/m2 (level 1) to 500 mg/m2 (level 2). RESULTS A total of 14 patients received level 1, and 4 received level 2. Three of the patients had dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) in cycle 1 of level 2 (grade 3 thrombocytopenia, grade 4 neutropenia and grade 2 neutropenia in one patient each), requiring that treatment was delayed for longer than 7 days. None of the 14 patients given level 1 had DLT or grade 3 or 4 gastrointestinal toxicity. Sensory neuropathy occurred in all patients. Objective response rates were 61% in the 18 patients studied and 64% at level 1. The median time to progression was 171 days, and the median overall survival time was 603 days in the 18 patients studied. CONCLUSIONS Oxaliplatin (85 mg/m2) with weekly bolus 5-FU (400 mg/m2) and high-dose l-LV (250 mg/m2) is recommended for further phase III studies in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
Correction of high‐order eddy current induced geometric distortion in diffusion‐weighted echo‐planar images

Diffusion‐weighted images acquired with the echo‐planar imaging technique are highly sensitive to eddy current induced geometric distortions that vary with the magnitude and direction of the diffusion sensitizing gradients. Such distortions cause misalignment of images acquired with different diffusion strengths and orientations. This in turn can result in errors when calculating maps of the apparent diffusion coefficient and diffusion tensor. Previous correction methods either require separate calibration data or only deal with low‐order errors. In this study, we demonstrate a method that can correct for higher‐order errors. The method relies on collecting pairs of images with diffusion sensitizing gradients reversed. This paired data are first corrected for shifts and linear distortion and then combined to cancel higher‐order errors. All acquired data contribute to the final results. The method has been tested by simulation, on phantoms, on adult volunteers, and on neonatal brain examinations. Magn Reson Med 52:1184–1189, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parallel Hierarchical Attention Networks with Shared Memory Reader for Multi-Stream Conversational Document Classification

This paper describes a novel classification method for multistream conversational documents. Documents of contact center dialogues or meetings are often composed of multiple source documents that are transcriptions of the recordings of each speaker’s channel. To enhance the classification performance of such multi-stream conversational documents, three main advances over the previous method are introduced. The first is a parallel hierarchical attention network (PHAN) for multi-stream conversational document modeling. PHAN can precisely capture word and sentence structures of individual source documents and efficiently integrate them. The second is a shared memory reader that can yield a shared attention mechanism. The shared memory reader highlights common important information in a conversation. Our experiments on a call category classification in contact center dialogues show that PHAN together with the shared memory reader outperforms the single document modeling method and previous multi-stream document modeling method.
Chromosome Mapping of Retrotransposable Elements Rex1 and Rex3 in Three Fish Species in the Subfamily Hypoptopomatinae (Teleostei, Siluriformes, Loricariidae)

Transposons and retrotransposons represent a great portion of the eukaryotic genome. These repeated elements can be defined as genetic entities capable of self-inserting into different positions within the genome modifying the functions of the genes with which they are associated. The purpose of the present work was to isolate, identify, and map the sequences of Rex1 and Rex3 transposable elements present in the genomes of fishes of the family Loricariidae. The retrotransposable elements were identified through amplification with Rex1 and Rex3 primers, and the nucleotide composition of the retrotransposons was determined by automatic sequencing. In all the species analyzed it was possible to isolate Rex1 partial sequences from 520 to 563 bp in size and Rex3 partial sequences from 407 to 454 bp in size. Comparisons with the available literature showed that Loricariidae retrotransposons Rex1 and Rex3 have a high sequence similarity to putative homologous genes in different fish orders. Fluorescence in situ hybridization experiments conducted in 3 species, Hisonotus leucofrenatus, Pseudotocinclus tietensis, and Parotocinclus maculicauda, using the retrotransposable elements isolated for each species as probes, revealed that Rex1 and Rex3 share a similar dispersion pattern and are both found on all chromosomes of the 3 species organized in small clusters and dispersed on all the chromosomes, including euchromatic and heterochromatic regions, although a larger concentration was observed in the heterochromatic regions of H. leucofrenatus. The data found in the present study contradict much of the literature that substantiates that the retrotranspon elements are preferentially accumulated in the heterochromatin regions in fishes.
ME1 and GE1: Basic Helix – Loop – Helix Transcription Factors Expressed at High Levels in the Developing Nervous System and in Morphogenetically Active Regions

Several class A basic helix – loop – helix (bHLH) transcription factors have been cloned from the developing mouse and chick nervous system. The cloned cDNAs (ME1, ME2, ME3, ME4, in the mouse and GE1, GE2 in the chick) have HLH coding regions highly homologous to other known class A bHLH genes. The genes corresponding to ME1 and GE1 are abundantly expressed during development of the central nervous system. ME1 and GE1 are expressed in proliferating neuroblasts and in cells at the initial stages of differentiation (for example in the external granule cell layer of the cerebellum and in the lateral region of the ventricular zone in the developing neural tube and cortex). They are also expressed at high levels in morphogenetically active regions such as limb buds, somites and mesonephric tubules. The expression of ME1 and GE1 decreases once cellular differentiation is over. Based on the expression of ME1 and GE1 in regions of active cellular proliferation and differentiation and on the known role of other bHLH factors in development, we suggest that ME1 and GE1 play important roles during development of the nervous system as well as in other organ systems.
Single event effects on hard-by-design latches

Chip with four kinds of hard-by-design latches and an unhardened one is fabricated with a commercial 0.18 mum process, and tested for their SEL and SEU susceptibility. Some of the latches are tested with heavy-ions for the first time. Simulation and test results prove that the hardening methods we used are very effective. Discussions and comparisons are made among test results.
The Presence of Chaotic Behavior in Monthly Soil Temperature Time Series by Correlation Dimension Method

Soil temperature can fluctuate dynamically, suggesting a possible chaotic behavior in such time series, as this can have a significant bearing on hydrological models, solar energy and other agricultural applications. Hence, this paper reports an investigation into the detection of a possible existence of chaotic behavior in the monthly soil temperature time series at five depths (5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 cm) below the ground level in a recorded data (an observation station in Adana, Turkey). For this purpose, the correlation dimension method, as a customary indicator of chaotic behavior, was derived from the data record over a period of 8 years (January 2000 December 2007). The low correlation dimensions at five depths suggest the presence of low-dimensional chaotic behavior in the soil temperature dynamics.
Weighted graph model based sentence clustering and ranking for document summarization

This paper proposes a sentence ranking and clustering based summarization method that extracts essential sentences from a document. To discover central sentences, a weighted undirected graph that takes sentence similarities and the discourse relationship between sentences as the weights of edges is constructed for the given document. A graph-ranking algorithm is implemented to calculate the scores of sentences. We also build a matrix for the document, and an algorithm based on Sparse Non-negative Matrix Factorization is introduced to cluster the sentences in the document. High ranked sentences of each cluster are selected to comprise the summarization of the document. The experimental results on the Document Understanding Conference (DUC) 2001 data set demonstrate the effectiveness of the document summarization algorithm.
Pseudoarrhythmia caused by temporary transvenous pacemaker.

THE INTERPRETATION of arrhythmias on a 12-lead scalar electrocardiogram or on a monitoring strip can frequently be a difficult task. Essential to the interpretation is a good-quality stable baseline without artifacts. We are dependent on proper electrode placement, faultless technical assistance, and quality equipment. Unfortunately, artifacts are not uncommon in full 12-lead scalar ECGs because the equipment must fulfill American Heart Association standards of a wide frequency response range from 0.05 to 100 hertz. With this wide frequency range, the scalar ECG is subject to motion artifacts from respiration, arm movement, muscle tremors such as parkinsonism, and high-frequency electrical signals such as 60-Hz interference. Fortunately, bedside monitors are provided with a low- and high-frequency cutoff that eliminates most artifact. Our patient had a temporary transvenous pacemaker that caused an unusual ventricular pseudoarrhythmia during monitoring. This points out the need for caution in interpretation and treatment of a patient with an
Optimized PCR Using Patient Blood Samples For Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Visceral Leishmaniasis, with Special Reference to AIDS Patients

ABSTRACT We developed a highly sensitive PCR method that enables the diagnosis and posttherapeutic follow-up of visceral leishmaniasis with patient blood. The PCR assay was thoroughly optimized by successive procedural refinements to increase its sensitivity and specificity. It was compared to in vitro cultivation as well as to direct examination of bone marrow and to serology. Two hundred thirty-seven patients presenting with clinical signs compatible with visceral leishmaniasis were included in the study. Thirty-six were diagnosed as having Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis (MVL). Twenty-three of them, including 19 AIDS patients, were monitored during and after treatment over a period from 2 weeks to 3 years. Our PCR assay proved more sensitive than in vitro cultivation, direct examination, and serology for all patients. It is simple and can be adapted to routine hospital diagnostic procedures. For the primary diagnosis of MVL, the sensitivity of PCR versus that of cultivation was 97 versus 55% with peripheral blood and 100 versus 81% with bone marrow samples. Regarding posttherapeutic follow-up, overall, 48% of positive samples were detected by PCR only. Seven patients presented with a clinical relapse during the study; six relapses were detected at first by PCR only, sometimes a few weeks before the reappearance of signs or symptoms. We conclude that an optimized and well-mastered PCR assay with a peripheral blood sample is sufficient to provide a secure diagnosis for all immunocompromised patients and most immunocompetent patients. We also suggest systematic posttherapeutic monitoring by PCR with peripheral blood for immunocompromised patients.
Testing for Herpes Simplex Virus in Low-Volume Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples: Comparison of Three Protocols To Optimize Detection

ABSTRACT Detection of herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a medical emergency and requires rapid, sensitive testing. However, the volume of CSF received for microbiological studies may be limited, especially from young children. In this study, we compared three testing protocols to our routine real-time PCR method to determine the most sensitive approach for detecting HSV-1 and HSV-2 in low-volume (≤100 μl) CSF.
Cardiac problems in pregnancy.

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Ferulic acid inhibits oxidative stress and cell death induced by Ab oligomers: Improved delivery by solid lipid nanoparticles

Oxidative stress and dysfunctional mitochondria are among the earliest events in AD, triggering neurodegeneration. The use of natural antioxidants could be a neuroprotective strategy for blocking cell death. Here, the antioxidant action of ferulic acid (FA) on different paths leading to degeneration of recombinant β-amyloid peptide (rAβ42) treated cells was investigated. Further, to improve its delivery, a novel drug delivery system (DDS) was used. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), empty or containing ferulic acid (FA-SNL), were developed as DDS. The resulting particles had small colloidal size and highly negative surface charge in water. Using neuroblastoma cells and rAβ42 oligomers, it was demonstrated that free and SLNs-loaded FA recover cell viability. FA treatment, in particular if loaded into SLNs, decreased ROS generation, restored mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and reduced cytochrome c release and intrinsic pathway apoptosis activation. Further, FA modulated the expression of Peroxiredoxin, an anti-oxidative protein, and attenuated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 activated by Aβ oligomers.