Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The cohomology ring of product complexes

Introduction. T he KIiiiieth formula enables one to determine the integral cohomology group of the product XX Y of the spaces X and Y in terms of the integral cohomology groups H(X) anid H(Y). However, this formula does not enable one to determine the multiplicative structure of the cohomology rinig II(XX Y) in terms of the initegral cohomology rings(2) 1l(X) and II(Y). It is niatural to ask the question: Is the integral cohomology ring H1(XX Y) determinied by the integral cohomology rings 11(X) and H(Y)? This questioni is aniswered in the niegative by the following example: Let X1 = Y1 be the union of the real projective plane aind a one-sphere (circle) with onie point in commoni. Let X2 Y2 be a Klein bottle. It is easy to check that the rings 11(X1) and 1I(X2) are isomorphic. However, the rings II(X1 X Y1) and II(X2 X Y2) are not isomorphic. In particular, there is a onedimenisionial cohomology class aiid a three-dimensional cohomology class in Ii(X2X Y2) whose product is a nionizero four-dimenisionial cohomology class. Oii the other hanid, all products of onie-dimenisionial aiid three-dimensional cohomology classes of II(X1 X Y1) are zero. Hence these two cohomology rings caninot be isomorplhic. These assertions will follow readily from the theorems provecl below. Sinice the aniswerto the above questioni is niegative, it is niatural to inquire: What iniformation about the colhomology rinigs of X aiid Y is needed to determinie the integral cohomology rinig of XX Y? Let II(X, n) denote the cohomology rinig of X with the integers modulo n as coefficienits. Following J. H. C. Whitehlead [8], and Bocksteini [2], we define the spectrum of coho. mology rings of X, or simiiply the cohomology spectrum of X, to be the set of cohomology rinigs IH(X, n), n_()0, together with the coefficient homomorphisms: II(X, n)-*II(X, m), m>O and the Bocksteini homomorphisms of degree +1: II(X, m)--IH(X, 0), m>O. (These homomorphisms are defined in sectioni (1). ) Bocksteiii [2] stated but did not prove that the cohomology spectra of X aiid Y determinie the cohomnology rinig IH(XX Y). From these spectra he constructed a group isomorphic to the group HI(X X Y), however, he did not iintroduce aniy products in this construction; thus the question of
ThermoMLsAn XML-Based Approach for Storage and Exchange of Experimental and Critically Evaluated Thermophysical and Thermochemical Property Data. 1. Experimental Data

ThermoML is an XML-based approach for storage and exchange of experimental and critically evaluated thermophysical and thermochemical property data. The basic principles, scope, and description of all structural elements of ThermoML are discussed. ThermoML covers essentially all experimentally determined thermodynamic and transport property data (more than 120 properties) for pure compounds, multicomponent mixtures, and chemical reactions (including change-of-state and equilibrium). The primary focus at present is molecular compounds. Although the focus of ThermoML is properties determined by direct experimental measurement, ThermoML does cover key derived property data such as azeotropic properties, Henry’s Law constants, virial coefficients (for pure compounds and mixtures), activities and activity coefficients, fugacities and fugacity coefficients, and standard properties derived from highprecision adiabatic heat-capacity calorimetry. The role of ThermoML in global data submission and dissemination is discussed with particular emphasis on the new cooperation in data processing between the Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data and the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The text of several data files illustrating the ThermoML format for pure compounds, mixtures, and chemical reactions, as well as the complete ThermoML schema text, is provided as Supporting Information. Some important issues related to characterization of thermodynamic data are beyond the scope of this paper (uncertainty specification) or are considered in generic terms only (critically evaluated data). These issues will be considered in subsequent papers in this series.
External supply chain flexibility and product innovation performance

Purpose This paper aims to examine the effect of external supply chain (SC) flexibility on the product innovation performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and the contingent role of informal control mechanisms in moderating such an effect. Design/methodology/approach This study conducts a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of 236 UK-based SME manufacturers. Findings Inbound supplier flexibility (ISF) has a stronger positive effect on SMEs’ product innovation performance than outbound logistics flexibility (OLF), and that the strength and direction of both effects depend on informal control mechanisms. Lead supplier influence negatively moderates the relationship between ISF and product innovation performance but positively moderates the relationship between OLF and product innovation performance. Normative integration positively moderates the relationship between ISF and product innovation performance. Research limitations/implications This study enriches SC flexibility studies by focusing on understanding the differential effects of ISF and OLF on product innovation performance, as well as the role that contingency factors play in these relationships in the SME context. Practical implications To promote product innovation performance, SME managers should focus on building good relationships with their suppliers rather than their logistics service providers. SME managers should be particularly aware of the different types of informal control mechanisms that govern their SC relationships and adjust their managerial approaches accordingly. Originality/value This study distinguishes between ISF and OLF and examines their impacts on SMEs’ product innovation performance. This study investigates the differential effects of lead supplier influence and normative integration on the relationship between external SC flexibility and SMEs’ product innovation performance.
Evidence to Support The Non-Genomic Modulation of The HPA Axis

The canonical targets for steroid hormones are cytosolic nuclear receptors that function to change cellular processes, over hours or days, through modification of gene transcription, which is considered a genomic effect [1]. However, controversy in the literature exists from studies that have demonstrated rapid, non-genomic (transcription independent) effects of steroid hormones [2]. The purpose of this editorial is to review the evidence supporting a role for non-genomic effects of the stress hormone corticosterone in the body’s response to stress.
Optimization of Discrete Event Systems Using Extended Finite Automata and Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming

This paper presents a concept for converting a discrete event model, modeled with Extended Finite Automata (EFA), to mixed-integer linear constraints. The conversion handles the structure of modular EFAs, synchronization of EFAs using shared events and EFA execution order due to logical transition conditions. The paper also presents methods to reduce the number of variables and constraints by automatically analyzing the EFA model and the resulting problem formulation. An example of this is the special case of transition conditions used to model mutual exclusion of shared resources, where the conversion results in a significantly reduced problem formulation. The objective function is then built by summarizing weighted state cost functions and the result is a Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming problem. The main contribution of this paper is hence the combination of the simplicity in modeling a system with EFAs and an efficient formulation of the optimization problem that can be solved by standard optimization software.
Bioremediation of textile azo dyes by newly isolated Bacillus sp . from dye contaminated soil

During the last years several bacterial strains have been isolated that decolorize azo dyes aerobically. In the present work Bacillus sp. which possessed the ability to decolorize textile azo dyes (Acid red 2 and Acid orange 7) aerobically isolated from the dye contaminated soil of the local dying houses in Nagpur (India). Decolorization was monitored spectrophotometrically and physic-chemical parameters such as pH, time and temperature were optimized. Bacillus sp. decolorized 90% of Acid red 2 (100mg/L) at pH 6 at 37C within 72 hours and 99% Acid orange 7 (100mg/L and pH 6-8) at 30C within 48 hours under shaking condition. The decolorization potential of this bacterium can be utilized for the dye removal from wastewater aerobically.
Regret Bounds for Stochastic Combinatorial Multi-Armed Bandits with Linear Space Complexity

Many real-world problems face the dilemma of choosing best $K$ out of $N$ options at a given time instant. This setup can be modelled as combinatorial bandit which chooses $K$ out of $N$ arms at each time, with an aim to achieve an efficient tradeoff between exploration and exploitation. This is the first work for combinatorial bandit where the reward received can be a non-linear function of the chosen $K$ arms. The direct use of multi-armed bandit requires choosing among $N$-choose-$K$ options making the state space large. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm which is computationally efficient and the storage is linear in $N$. The proposed algorithm is a divide-and-conquer based strategy, that we call CMAB-SM. Further, the proposed algorithm achieves a regret bound of $\tilde O(K^\frac{1}{2}N^\frac{1}{3}T^\frac{2}{3})$ for a time horizon $T$, which is sub-linear in all parameters $T$, $N$, and $K$. The evaluation results on different reward functions and arm distribution functions show significantly improved performance as compared to standard multi-armed bandit approach with $\binom{N}{K}$ choices.
Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: The Photometric Data Set for Cosmology

We describe the creation, content, and validation of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) internal year-one cosmology data set, Y1A1 GOLD, in support of upcoming cosmological analyses. The Y1A1 GOLD data set is assembled from multiple epochs of DES imaging and consists of calibrated photometric zero-points, object catalogs, and ancillary data products—e.g., maps of survey depth and observing conditions, star–galaxy classification, and photometric redshift estimates—that are necessary for accurate cosmological analyses. The Y1A1 GOLD wide-area object catalog consists of million objects detected in co-added images covering in the DES grizY filters. The 10σ limiting magnitude for galaxies is , , , , and . Photometric calibration of Y1A1 GOLD was performed by combining nightly zero-point solutions with stellar locus regression, and the absolute calibration accuracy is better than 2% over the survey area. DES Y1A1 GOLD is the largest photometric data set at the achieved depth to date, enabling precise measurements of cosmic acceleration at z ≲ 1.
Bilingualism across the adult life-span: Age and language usage are continuous variables

The purpose of this dissertation research was to analyze the effects of bilingualism and age on cognitive function. Specifically, I investigated the impact of bilingualism and age on two measures of executive control. The Stroop task is a measure of response inhibition, and the Flanker task is a measure of attention selection. Participants responded using a computer mouse. The mouse-tracking paradigm allowed me to examine the continuous dynamics of the responses as participants completed each trial. A better understanding of the impact of bilingualism and age on cognitive function has the potential to minimize cognitive decline in older age. The results showed that younger age was associated with better cognitive function in both tasks, but the positive effect of bilingualism was limited to the Stroop task. In response inhibition, the detrimental effect of age can be curtailed by the positive effect of bilingualism. Bilingualism offset approximately 60% of age-related cognitive decline in the current study. These results provide further support for the notion that bilingualism is one way of enhancing some aspects of cognitive function across the lifespan. The present study adds to the literature by studying these effects without dichotomizing bilingualism or age. It is important to measure continuous variables as such; varying degrees of the same construct have the potential to result in different levels of executive function.
DETERMINING A 1-D VELOCITY MODEL OF THE UPPERMOST CRUST FROM P AND S ARRIVAL TIMES USING THE NEIGHBOURHOOD ALGORITHM: SYNTHETIC TEST

Using synthetic data we study the possibility of determining 1-D velocity models of the upper crust from P- and S-wave arrival times in the case of a narrow depth interval of seismic sources and sparse distribution of stations. The test is tailored to a similar real situation in one subregion of the western part of the Corinth Gulf, Greece. Two kinds of models are studied: (i) models composed of layers with constant velocity gradients, and (ii) models composed of homogeneous layers. To derive the structural models from arrival times, the Neighbourhood Algorithm of Sambridge (1999) is used, combined with the grid search for source locations. Weighted P- and S-wave arrival time residuals are used as the misfit function. Accurate and perturbed synthetic arrival times are used. The velocities at medium depths, with a fast velocity increase, are well determined in both models for the accurate data. However, the determination of velocity is less certain in the uppermost 5 km for the gradient model, and in the deepest layer for the model composed of homogeneous layers for the perturbed data. The presence or absence of hypocentres in the uppermost or in the second layer influences notably the obtained velocity in these layers in both models.
Calibration of an all-sky camera for obtaining sky radiance at three wavelengths

Abstract. This paper proposes a method to obtain spectral sky radiances, at three wavelengths (464, 534 and 626 nm), from hemispherical sky images. Images are registered with the All-Sky Imager installed at the Andalusian Center for Environmental Research (CEAMA) in Granada (Spain). The methodology followed in this work for the absolute calibration in radiance of this instrument is based on the comparison of its output measurements with modelled sky radiances derived from the LibRadtran/UVSPEC radiative transfer code under cloud-free conditions. Previously, in order to check the goodness of the simulated radiances, these are compared with experimental values recorded by a CIMEL sunphotometer. In general, modelled radiances are in agreement with experimental data, showing mean differences lower than 20% except for the pixels located next to the Sun position that show larger errors. The relationship between the output signal of the All-Sky Imager and the modelled sky radiances provides a calibration matrix for each image. The variability of the matrix coefficients is analyzed, showing no significant changes along a period of 5 months. Therefore, a unique calibration matrix per channel is obtained for all selected images (a total of 705 images per channel). Camera radiances are compared with CIMEL radiances, finding mean absolute differences between 2% and 15% except for pixels near to the Sun and high scattering angles. We apply these calibration matrices to three images in order to study the sky radiance distributions for three different sky conditions: cloudless, overcast and partially cloudy. Horizon brightening under cloudless conditions has been observed together with the enhancement effect of individual clouds on sky radiance.
Antihyperglycemic effect of Passiflora glandulosa cav. fruit rinds flour in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

Objective: To investigate the effect of administration of Passiflora glandulosa (P. glandulosa) fruit rinds flour on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Methods: The preliminary phytochemical screening and parameters such as centesimal composition and brine shrimp toxicity were evaluated. For in vivo study Swiss female mice were divided into four groups: NC-normal control; DC-diabetic control animals receiving saline; MET-diabetic animals receiving metformin (200 mg/kg); PFRF-diabetic animals receiving P. glandulosa fruit rinds flour (200 mg/kg). All of them were treated for 28 d. STZ was used in a single dose of 120 mg/kg to establish diabetic models. Body weight, water and food intake, fasting blood glucose were measured. Histopathological analysis of pancreas and liver were performed to evaluate STZ-induced tissue injuries. Results: Phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavanones and triterpenoids. The P. glandulosa fruit rinds flour was non-toxic by the brine shrimp test. The fruit rinds flour also reduced the loss of body weight and significantly decreased food intake in the diabetic mice. Additionally, a significant reduction in blood glucose was observed for 15 d and this was maintained on 21 d and 28 d when compared with diabetic mice. Furthermore, the P. glandulosa fruit rinds flour has a favourable effect on the histopathological changes of the pancreas in STZ induced diabetes. Conclusions: It is concluded that P. glandulosa fruit rinds flour is a natural product that contains potent antioxidant compounds and presents good prospects for the improvement of diabetic mellitus by reducing serum glucose levels.
On quasi-Clifford Osserman curvature tensors

We consider pseudo-Riemannian generalizations of Osserman, Clifford, and the duality principle properties for algebraic curvature tensors and investigate relations between them. We introduce quasi- Clifford curvature tensors using a generalized Clifford family and show that they are Osserman. This allows us to discover an Osserman curvature tensor that does not satisfy the duality principle. We give some necessary and some sufficient conditions for the total duality principle.
Short-timescale variability of picophytoplankton abundance and cellular parameters in surface waters of the Alboran Sea (western Mediterranean)

The Alboran Sea (western Mediterranean) is characterized by a well-defined hydrological structure, the Almeria (Spain)-Oran (Algeria) geostrophic front. During the Almofront-2 cruise (November 22, 1997 to January 18, 1998), high frequency sampling (At = 0.5 h) of autotrophic picoplankton in surface waters was performed for 17 days (December 24 to January 9) using an automatic sampler. Cell abundance and several cellular parameters were measured by flow cytometry (FCM): forward and right-angle light scatters (FALS, PALS), phycoerythrin (PE) and chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence. Analysis of abundance of Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes allowed the distinction of two major types of systems: mesotrophic conditions (with waters characterized by detectable nutrients) dominated by picoeukaryotes and more oligotrophic areas (with low to undetectable nutrient levels) dominated by Prochlorococcus and, to a lower extent, Synechococcus. Most of the cellular parameters exhibited a clear diel periodicity, suggesting that cell growth and division processes were tightly coupled to the daily light cycle despite strong gradients of temperature and salinity. Cell growth for both Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes began at dawn and stopped at dusk. In contrast, the increase of Prochlorococcus light scattering only began in late afternoon, a very unusual behaviour that was apparently associated with strong quenching of Prochlorococcus Chl fluorescence during the day. Our data also suggested Chl quenching in Synechococcus but not in picoeukaryotes. Fourier analysis established unambiguously the 24 h diet periodicity for all cellular parameters as well as for cryptophyte abundance, but not for the abundance of other phytoplankters. 'The burst of division for picophytoplanktonic cells, inferred from the timing of the decrease of light scatter, occurred at dusk for both Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes, and later at night for Prochlorococcus. The ratio between maximum and minimum scatter (RALS max/min ) was useful in assessing the physiological state of the different picoplankten: high values suggested that populations probably had high division rates, especially picoeukaryotes, suggesting a quasi-optimal physiological activity of the cells in all water types encountered during this cruise despite strong hydrological gradients. This study reveals that the growth rate of the populations may be very little in these ecosystems.
Design of a new multi-phase experimental simulation chamber for atmospheric photosmog, aerosol and cloud chemistry research

Abstract. A new simulation chamber has been built at the Interuniversitary Laboratory of Atmospheric Systems (LISA). The CESAM chamber (French acronym for Experimental Multiphasic Atmospheric Simulation Chamber) is designed to allow research in multiphase atmospheric (photo-) chemistry which involves both gas phase and condensed phase processes including aerosol and cloud chemistry. CESAM has the potential to carry out variable temperature and pressure experiments under a very realistic artificial solar irradiation. It consists of a 4.2 m3 stainless steel vessel equipped with three high pressure xenon arc lamps which provides a controlled and steady environment. Initial characterization results, all carried out at 290–297 K under dry conditions, concerning lighting homogeneity, mixing efficiency, ozone lifetime, radical sources, NOy wall reactivity, particle loss rates, background PM, aerosol formation and cloud generation are given. Photolysis frequencies of NO2 and O3 related to chamber radiation system were found equal to (4.2 × 10−3 s−1) for JNO2 and (1.4 × 10−5 s−1) for JO1D which is comparable to the solar radiation in the boundary layer. An auxiliary mechanism describing NOy wall reactions has been developed. Its inclusion in the Master Chemical Mechanism allowed us to adequately model the results of experiments on the photo-oxidation of propene-NOx-Air mixtures. Aerosol yields for the α-pinene + O3 system chosen as a reference were determined and found in good agreement with previous studies. Particle lifetime in the chamber ranges from 10 h to 4 days depending on particle size distribution which indicates that the chamber can provide high quality data on aerosol aging processes and their effects. Being evacuable, it is possible to generate in this new chamber clouds by fast expansion or saturation with or without the presence of pre-existing particles, which will provide a multiphase environment for aerosol-droplet interaction.