Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying Offensive Videos on YouTube

Kandakatla, Rajeshwari. M.S. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Wright State University, 2016. Identifying Offensive Videos on YouTube. Harassment on social media has become a critical problem and social media content depicting harassment is becoming common place. Video-sharing websites such as YouTube contain content that may be offensive to certain community, insulting to certain religion, race etc., or make fun of disabilities. These videos can also provoke and promote altercations leading to online harassment of individuals and groups. In this thesis, we present a system that identifies offensive videos on YouTube. Our goal is to determine features that can be used to detect offensive videos efficiently and reliably. We conducted experiments using content and metadata available for each YouTube video such as comments, title, description and number of views to develop Näıve Bayes and Support Vector Machine classifiers. We used training dataset of 300 videos and test dataset of 86 videos and obtained a classification F-Score of 0.86. It was surprising to note that sentiment and content of the comments were less effective in detecting offensive videos than the unigrams and bigrams in the video title and any other feature combinations does not improve the performance appreciably.Thus, the simplicity of these features contributes to the efficiency of computation and implies that the up-loaders provide good titles.
30 PM Piano Key Weir for Enlargement of the West Fork of Eno River Reservoir B

The West Fork of Eno River Reservoir Dam is located near Hillsborough, North Carolina, USA. The earthen embankment dam provides an impoundment used by the town for water supply. The project was originally completed in 2000 with forethought by the owner for an expansion, which was anticipated in the original design. Currently, the design of that expansion to raise the reservoir level for increased water supply is underway. Following a detailed analysis of viable upgrades, a piano key (PK) weir (anticipated as the first to be constructed in the USA) was selected by the owner due to its effectiveness in meeting project requirements. Presented in this paper are the site-specific characteristics of the existing auxiliary chute spillway, the proposed PK weir, and additional modifications to the chute. This paper also presents site-specific information including the existing auxiliary chute spillway, the new PK weir, and additional modifications to the auxiliary chute. The results include the comparison of four PK weir hydraulic design methods for sizing the spillway. Details and results of a CFD model are also included. Finally, additional significant design considerations are presented, which include anticipated hydraulic conditions in the downstream chute and identified existing structure deficiencies; estimated spillway design flood hydraulic force distributions taken from the CFD model; the PK key weir stability summary; and other important project aspects including embankment modifications and seepage control measures. It is anticipated that this project will be of interest to those concerned with dam safety and will further encourage the consideration of PK weirs in the USA.
Advantages and Restrictions of Holographic Subsurface Radars Experimental evaluation

Abstract —Holographic subsurface radars (HSR) are not in common usage now; possibly because of the historical view amongst radar practitioners that high attenuation of electromagnetic waves in most media of interest will not allow sufficient depth of penetration. It is true that the fundamental physics of HSR prevent the possibility to change receiver amplification with time (i.e. depth) to adapt to lossy media (as is possible with impulse subsurface radar or ISR). However, use of HSR for surveying of shallow subsurface objects, defects, or inhomogeneities is an increasingly proven area of application. In this case HSR can record images with higher resolution than is possible for ISR images. This paper presents experiments with HSR imaging in media with different degrees of attenuation, and illustrates the principle of HSR through an optical analogy. Keywords - holographic subsurface radar, impulse subsurface radar, attenuation of electromagnetic waves, lossy medium, optical analogy I. I
Family generation, leadership and performance : the role of outside directors in Indian family firms

This paper addresses the presence of outside directors in family firms in India examining the generation of the firm and years of operation. Aspects of corporate leadership such as family member as CEO, as well as the CEO's role in a founding family firm, are considered in relation to financial performance. The findings show that outside directors do not significantly increase firm performance of family firms demonstrating their ineffective monitoring role. Contrary to studies from developed economies, more established family businesses in India outperform founding firms. Overall the study demonstrates that corporate governance issues related to Indian family firms differ from the findings from more developed economies. This finding has implications for further governance reforms in emerging economies.
Amplified Fragment-Length Polymorphism, a New Method for the Analysis of Brewer's Yeast DNA Polymorphism

This study sought to confirm the utility of amplified fragment-length polymorphism for identifying brewery yeast strains. Our results were promising, since single primer pairs can be used to distinguish most yeast strains. The use of several primer pairs, however, should still increase the method's reproducibility. Furthermore, this technique yields quantitative data on genetic polymorphism. Among the 26 strains studied, we calculated a 55% average of shared fragments. This similarity indicator was higher for bottom-fermenting strains (72%) than for top-fermentation yeasts (45%).
The Use of Hypoxic and Carbon Dioxide Sensitivity Tests of Predict the Incidence and Severity of Acute Mountain Sickness in Soldiers Exposed to an Elevation of 3800 Meters

Abstract : Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is characterized by headache, nausea, and dizziness with individual differences occurring susceptibility. At any altitude, there will be individuals who will show little or no symptoms while others will be severely incapacitated. Previous studies have shown that individuals with no symptoms of AMS tend to ventilate more than those who develop severe symptoms. The main objective of this study was to determine if susceptibility to AMS can be predicted from ventilatory responses to breathing hypoxic and carbon dioxide gas mixtures for 7-10 minutes prior to an altitude exposure. Another objective was to determine it there was a difference between cigarette smokers and nonsmokers in susceptibility. Forty-seven soldiers (25 smokers and 22 nonsmokers) performed an isocapnic hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) test and a hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR) test at Ft. Riley, KS (450 m) prior to being deployed to the Santa Lucia Base Camp, Potosi Bolivia (3500 to 4050 m). AMS symptoms were assessed in Bolivia by the self-administered Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire during the first two days of exposure.
Testing the effects of crime on the Italian economy

This paper aims at assessing the causal and temporal relationships between crime and the economic indicators related to the aggregated demand function. The case study is Italy and a quarterly frequency is used (1981:1-2005:4). A Vector Autoregressive Correction Mechanism (VECM) is employed after having assessed the integration and cointegration status of the variables under investigation. Long and short run dynamics are estimated. A Granger causality test is also implemented to establish temporal interrelationships. The main findings are that, in the short run, crime positively effects GDP and government expenditure, while has a crowding out effect on exports. In the long run, crime positively leads imports and inflation, whereas negatively investments and government expenditure.
On the variability of ozone in the equatorial eastern Pacific boundary layer

Observations of surface ozone (O3) mixing ratios carried out during two ground‐based field campaigns in the Galápagos Islands are reported. The first campaign, Primera Investigación sobre la Química, Evolución y Reparto de Ozono, was carried out from September 2000 to July 2002. The second study, Climate and HAlogen Reactivity tropicaL EXperiment, was conducted from September 2010 to March 2012. These measurements complement the Southern Hemisphere ADditional OZonesonde observations made with weekly to monthly frequency at Galápagos. In this work, the daily, intraseasonal, seasonal and interannual variability of O3 in the marine boundary layer are described and compared to those observed in other tropical locations. The O3 diurnal cycle shows two regimes: (i) photochemical destruction followed by nighttime recovery in the cold season (July to November) and (ii) daytime advection and photochemical loss followed by nighttime depositional loss associated to windless conditions in the warm season (February to April). Wavelet spectral analysis of the intraseasonal variability of O3 reveals components with periods characteristic of tropical instability waves. The O3 seasonal variation in Galápagos is typical of the Southern Hemisphere, with a maximum in August and a minimum in February–March. Comparison with other measurements in remote tropical ocean locations shows that the change of the surface O3 seasonal cycle across the equator is explained by the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and the O3 levels upwind.
Municipal Wi-Fi deployment and crowdsourced strategies

The paper analyzes the business case of a municipal Wi-Fi deployment. It aims to make a comparison between a rollout using a “crowdsourced” approach and one using a traditional single operator public private partnership (PPP). More specifically it investigates the reduction in total cost of ownership (TCO) that can be obtained by crowdsourcing the acquisition, installation, placement, maintenace and backhauling of the network’s access points. In a crowdsourced network a community of people share their domestic broadband connection with eachother using commercially available Wi-Fi equipment. Through a captive portal the network becomes available to other users as well such as tourists, commuters, etc. This type of deployment is compared to a more traditional one where a single private or public entity places industry grade base stations throughout the municipality. The paper computes an average cost breakdown for various municipal Wi-Fi scenarios differing in physical data rate guarantees, equipment used and rollout strategy. A model is used that was developed to calculate these costs for a hypothetical deployment throughout the city of Ghent. The analysis shows that a significant reduction in TCO can indeed be obtained and corroborates these results by applying to them a Monte-Carlo based uncertainty and sensitivity analysis.
Large eddy simulation of the velocity-intermittency structure for flow over a field of symmetric dunes

Owing to their frequent occurrence in the natural environment, there has been significant interest in refining our understanding of flow over dunes and other bedforms. Recent work in this area has focused, in particular, on their shear-layer characteristics and the manner by which flow structures are generated. However, field-based studies, are reliant on single-, or multi-point measurements, rather than delimiting flow structures from the velocity gradient tensor, as is possible in numerical work. Here, we extract pointwise time series from a well-resolved large eddy simulation as a means to connect these two approaches. The at-a-point analysis technique is termed the velocity-intermittency quadrant method and relates the fluctuating, longitudinal velocity, $u_{1}^{\prime }(t)$ , to its fluctuating pointwise Hölder regularity, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{1}^{\prime }(t)$ . Despite the difference in boundary conditions, our results agree very well with previous experiments that show the importance, in the region above the dunes, of a quadrant 3 ( $u_{1}^{\prime }<0$ , $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{1}^{\prime }<0$ ) flow configuration. Our higher density of sampling beneath the shear layer and close to the bedforms relative to experimental work reveals a negative correlation between $u_{1}^{\prime }(t)$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{1}^{\prime }(t)$ in this region. This consists of two distinct layers, with quadrant 4 ( $u_{1}^{\prime }>0$ , $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{1}^{\prime }<0$ ) dominant near the wall and quadrant 2 ( $u_{1}^{\prime }<0$ , $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{1}^{\prime }>0$ ) dominant close to the lower part of the separated shear layer. These results are consistent with a near-wall advection of vorticity into a region downstream of a temporarily foreshortened reattachment region, and the entrainment of slow moving and quiescent fluid into a faster, more turbulent shear layer. A comparison of instantaneous vorticity fields to the velocity-intermittency analysis shows how the pointwise results reflect larger-scale organisation of the flow. We illustrate this using results from two instantaneous datasets. In the former, extreme velocity-intermittency events corresponding to a foreshortened recirculation region (and high pressures on the stoss slope of the dune immediately downstream) arise, and the development of intense flow structures occurs as a consequence. In the other case, development of a ‘skimming flow’ with relatively little exchange between the inner and outer regions results in exceedances because of the coherence associated with this high velocity, high turbulence outer region. Thus, our results shed further light on the characteristics of dune flow in the near-wall region and, importantly for field-based research, show that useful information on flow structure can be obtained from single-point single velocity component measurements.
Chapter 3 Sample size considerations for external validation studies of prediction models : simulations with logistic regression

The performance of a prediction model is usually worse in external validation data than in the development data. We studied at which effective sample sizes (i.e. number of events) relevant differences in model performance can be detected with adequate power. We used a logistic regression model to predict the probability that retroperitoneal lymph nodes of patients treated with chemotherapy for metastatic testicular germ cell cancer contained only benign tissue. The development data contained 544 patients of whom 245 had benign tissue at resection (45%). For three different sample sizes (n=100, 45 events; n=200, 90 events; and n=500, 225 events), the power of several performance measures was estimated with power calculations and Monte Carlo simulations. The power calculations and Monte Carlo simulations showed similar results. A model predicting probabilities that were on average 1.5 times too high on the odds scale could be detected as statistically significant different in 37%, 64% and 96% of the simulated validation samples, respectively. A decrease in the cstatistic from 0.83 to 0.73 was identified in 48%, 77%, and 97% of the validation samples. In conclusion, at least 90 events were required to detect substantial differences in model performance. We therefore suggest a minimum of 100 events and 100 non-events to obtain adequate power in validation studies. Introduction Predictive logistic regression models are important tools to provide estimates of patient outcome probabilities. A model accurately predicting probabilities for patients in the development data does not guarantee accurate predictions for new patients from related populations, e.g. patients treated more recently or patients from another centre. Therefore, the performance of prediction models needs to be tested in new patients (external validation). A straightforward approach to study external validity is to split the development data into two parts: one part containing early treated patients to develop the model and another part containing the most recently treated patients to assess the performance. With this approach, the temporal aspect of external validity may be studied. Similarly, the place aspect can be studied by splitting the data according to treatment centres. In new data, both place and time aspects can be studied.
Multidimensional denoising of rolling element bearings with compound fault based on tensor factorization

This article presents a multidimensional denoising technique of rolling element bearings based on tensor factorization which can model a signal in the high dimensional space so as to solve multi-channel signal filtering. The vibration signal is formulated as a 4-way tensor, temporal signal, frequency and 2 data channels. Tensor model is then factorized via truncated high order singular value decomposition. L-curve criterion is adopted to find the truncation parameters used in tensor factorization. The proposed approach is applied to remove noise of bearing vibration signal on test-rigs. Experimental results showed that the proposed method can well remove noise and keep fine structures of the signal as much as possible. This tensor based multidimensional signal filtering will broaden view for dealing with heterogeneous and multiaspect data in an age of big data.
Stylophoran supertrees revisited

Supertree analysis is a recent exploratory method that involves the simultaneous combination of two or more character-based source trees into a single consensus supertree. This method was recently applied by Ruta to a fossil group of enigmatic Palaeozoic forms, the stylophoran echinoderms. Ruta's supertree suggested that mitrates are polyphyletic and originated from paraphyletic cornutes. Re-examination of Ruta's data matrix strongly suggests that most source trees were based on dubious homologies resulting from theory-laden assumptions (calcichordate model) or superficial similarities (ankyroid scenario). A new supertree analysis was performed using a slightly corrected version of Ruta's original combined matrix; the 70% majority-rule consensus of 24,168 most parsimonious supertrees suggests that mitrates are monophyletic and derived from paraphyletic cornutes. A second new supertree analysis was generated to test the influence of the pruning of three taxa in some calcichordate source trees; the 70% majority-rule consensus of 3,720 shortest supertrees indicates that both cornutes and mitrates are monophyletic and derived from a Ceratocystis-like ancestor. The two new supertree analyses demonstrate the dramatic influence of the relative contributions of each initial assumption of plate homologies (and underlying anatomical interpretations), in original source trees, on the final topology of supertrees.
Changes in chemical composition, total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) fruits at different maturation stages.

Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) fruit is an important medicinal plant in Turkey. Several characteristics of jujube fruit harvested at four maturation stages were evaluated. The maturation stages were classified by degree (%) of dark color formation on the fruit surface (Stage (S1), 1-10% (S2), 11-50% (S3), 51-100% (S4)). Fruit weight, width, length, stone weight, flesh/stone ratio, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), organic acids and specific sugars were determined. Total phenolic content (TPC) was measured along with antioxidant activity (AOC), determined by Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) and Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC). Results of the study showed that TSS increased from 12.8% to 18.3% from the S1 to the S4 fruit stage, respectively. The S3 had the highest TPC (6518 mg GAE·kg fw). The highest AOC were recovered from S2 (TEAC; 74.4 µmol TE·g fw, FRAP; 50.9 µmol TE·g fw), followed by S3 (TEAC; 63.6 µmol TE·g fw, FRAP; 37.6 µmol TE·g fw). The main organic acid was citric acid as determined by the HPLC method. Fructose content tended to be more stable than glucose or sucrose.
Thermodynamic Evaluation of the Propensity of Niobium to Absorb Hydrogen During Fabrication of Superconducting Radio Frequency Accelerator Cavities | NIST

During the fabrication of niobium superconducting radio frequency (SRF) particle accelerator cavities procedures are used that chemically or mechanically remove the passivating surface film of niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5). Removal of this film will expose the underlying niobium metal and allow it to react with the processing environment. If these reactions produce hydrogen at sufficient concentrations and rates, then hydrogen will be absorbed and diffuse into the metal. High hydrogen activities could result in supersaturation and the nucleation of hydride phases. If the metal repassivates at the conclusion of the processing step and the passive film blocks hydrogen egress, then the absorbed hydrogen or hydrides could be retained and alter the performance of the metal during subsequent processing steps or in-service. This report examines the feasibility of this hypothesis by first identifying the postulated events, conditions, and reactions and then determining if each is consistent with accepted scientific principles, literature, and data. Established precedent for similar events in other systems was found in the scientific literature and thermodynamic analysis found that the postulated reactions were not only energetically favorable, but produced large driving forces. The hydrogen activity or fugacity required for the reactions to be at equilibrium was determined to indicate the propensity for hydrogen evolution, absorption, and hydride nucleation. The influence of processing conditions and kinetics on the proximity of hydrogen surface coverage to these theoretical values is discussed. This examination found that the hypothesis of hydrogen absorption during SRF processing is consistent with published scientific literature and thermodynamic principles.
An adaptive fault diagnosis approach using pipeline implementation for railway inspection

Railway tracks must be periodically inspected. This study proposes a new approach for eliminating two major disadvantages experienced during rail inspection applications performed via computer vision. The first is the blurring effect on images, resulting from physical vibration during movement on the rail lines. This effect significantly reduces the high accuracy rate expected from anomaly inspection algorithms. The second disadvantage is the need to operate in real time. This study presents a new three-stage computer vision method approach that eliminates both disadvantages. First, a three-stage pipeline architecture is implemented and IMU-assisted blur detection is performed on images taken from the left and right rail lines. Next, a convolutional neural network is used for learning. In the third test stage, anomaly detection and classification training are conducted. By performing the implementation with parallel programming on graphic processing units, a highly accurate, cost-effective computer vision rail inspection, based on image processing and capable of operating in real time, is successfully carried out.