Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scattering of a single plasmon polariton by multiple atoms for in-plane control of light

Abstract We study the interaction of a single photon in a surface plasmon polariton mode with multiple atoms. We propose a system of two atoms to achieve a tunable scattering from subscattering to superscattering regimes by changing the angle of the incident photon. We also demonstrate a perfect electromagnetically-induced transparency using two atoms with two-level structures. The proposed framework is efficiently scalable to a system with a large number of atoms and opens up the possibility of designing novel atom-based optical devices. We design an atomically thin parabolic mirror to focus single photons and form a quantum mirage in a cavity built from atoms.
Contextualizing Psychological Outcomes for TV News Journalists: Role Differences in Industry Culture, Organizational Hierarchy and Trauma Exposure

Abstract Research indicates that TV news journalists’ ongoing exposure to trauma can result in psychopathology. However, we currently know little about potential differences in trauma exposure between individuals in varying journalistic roles. The aim of this study is to contextualize the existing knowledge of psychological outcomes for TV news journalists and to complement current deductive trends in literature by asking: How do TV news journalists of differing roles and responsibilities experience unique factors that ultimately influence their trauma exposure? Individuals in journalistic roles that experience differences in their exposure to trauma compared to other roles, may be at risk of elevated psychopathology or in need of greater support to prevent distress. A social constructivist approach was adopted and in-depth interviews were conducted with 21 Australian TV news camera-operators and reporters. Analysis was conducted according to a systematic and transparent thematic analysis. The findings suggest that TV news camera operators and reporters experience differences in: (1) experiences of industry culture within organizational hierarchy, (2) role expectations of physical proximity to trauma, and (3) social visibility during trauma exposure. By considering role-based differences, this study recommends resources and support necessary for reporters and camera operators. The present findings inform news organizations providing support for their staff, and news consumers of the circumstances under which news workers perform roles.
Laterally Transported Particles From Margins Serve as a Major Carbon and Energy Source for Dark Ocean Ecosystems

Deep ocean microorganisms consume particulate organic matter that is produced in the surface ocean and exported to deeper depths. Such consumption not only enriches inorganic carbon in the deep ocean but also transforms organic carbon into recalcitrant forms, creating an alternative type of carbon sequestration. However, estimates of deep microbial carbon demand substantially exceed the available particulate organic carbon exported from the euphotic zone, resulting in an unbalanced dark ocean carbon budget. Here, we combined field‐based microbial activity parameters, integrated multiyear particle export flux data, sinking particle fluxes measured by sediment traps, and optical data from Biogeochemical‐Argo floats to quantify the main sources of organic carbon to the dark ocean. Laterally transported particles (including sinking and suspended particles) serve as a major energy source, which directly provide organic carbon and enhance new organic carbon production by dark carbon fixation, reconciling the mismatch in the regional carbon budget.
Germination of the invasive legume Lupinus polyphyllus depends on cutting date and seed morphology

In semi-natural grasslands, mowing leads to the dispersal of species that have viable seeds at the right time. For invasive plant species in grasslands, dispersal by mowing should be avoided, and information on the effect of cutting date on the germination of invasive species is needed. We investigated the germination of seeds of the invasive legume Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. depending on the cutting date. We measured seed traits associated with successful germination that can be assessed by managers for an improved timing of control measures. To this end, we sampled seeds of L. polyphyllus on six cutting dates and analyzed the germination of these seeds in climate chambers and under ambient weather conditions. We collected information on seed morphology (color/size/hardseededness) for each cutting date to identify seed traits associated with successful germination. Observed germination patterns were highly asynchronous and differed between seeds cut at different dates. Seeds cut early, being green and soft, tended to germinate in autumn. Seeds cut late, being dark and hard, were more prone to germinate the following spring, after winter stratification. This allows the species to utilize germination niches throughout the year, thus indicating a bet-hedging strategy. Seed color and the percentage of hard seeds were good predictors of germination percentage, but not of mean germination time and synchrony. Managers should prevent the species producing black and hard seeds, while cutting plants carrying green and soft seeds is less problematic. Furthermore, germination patterns differed between climate chambers and the common garden, mainly because germination of dormant seeds was lower in climate chambers. More germination experiments under ambient weather conditions should be carried out, as they can give information on the germination dynamics of invasive species.
Children’s Capacities and Role in Matters of Great Significance for Them

How do decision-makers in the judiciary approach children’s capacities as set out in Article 5 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child? Children in public care who cannot be reunified with their birth parents may be adopted, but are children given agency in these cases that are highly important to the involved children? We examine all judgments on adoptions from care made in Norway in a six-year period (2011-2016) involving children aged 4-17 years old, a total of 169 judgments. These cases are decided after a two- to three-day hearing in the court-like County Board. The results of our analysis are discouraging because many children are absent in the decision-maker’s justification and conclusion about adoption. Young children do not have their capacity assessed, and older children’s capacity undergoes a shallow assessment at best, and typically only their opinion is mentioned. Age is commonly used as a proxy for competency and maturity, and the role children’s opinion plays in the cases as well as in the decision-making is unclear overall. Possible explanations for this situation may be lack of guidelines for how to give children agency, that decision-makers do not have sufficient competency in assessing children’s capabilities, and/or that decision-makers are not aware of their obligations or are not willing to give children agency.
VARIABILITY IN PHYTOPLANKTON PIGMENT COMPOSITION IN MERSIN BAY

Phytoplankton pigment composition and associated biochemical (chlorophyll a , nitrate+nitrite, ammonia, phosphate, silicate ) and physical (temperature, salinity) parameters were studied seasonally in the river-fed eutrophic coastal and oligotrophic offshore waters of the Mersin Bay located on NE Mediterranean. Total chlorophyll a concentrations varied seasonally between 0.023 - 7.73 µg/l in the river fed coastal zone (salinity: 36.54-39.68), exhibiting less seasonality in the offshore station (0.01 – 0.91 µg/l). S even different phytoplankton taxa (namely d iatoms, cyanobacteria, prymnesiophytes, dinoflagellates, chlorophytes, chrysophytes, prochlorophytes), determined by H igh Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), were consistently present in the coastal waters during 2008-2011. The predominant diatom and coccolithophorid taxa in the river-fed coastal waters were replaced by prokaryotic picoplankters (cyanobacteria & prochlorophytes) and prymnesiophytes in the offshore. Contribution of prokaryotic picoplankton and eukaryotic nanoflagellates to total chlorophyll (% 23 to 47 and % 28 to 43, respectively) increased by about 50% from the coastal to the offshore station. Contribution of large cells to total chlorophyll decreased from 49% to 10% towards offshore. Prochlorophytes were observed as the dominant group in relatively colder and darker deep waters.
Graphene oxide used as the modifier to prepare silica‐encapsulated waterborne flaky aluminium for enhanced anticorrosive property

Silica-encapsulated waterborne flaky aluminium (SEWFA) is widely used in industrial fields, but its corrosion hampers its long-term use. Herein, a sol–gel method was used to prepare graphene oxide (GO)-modified SEWFA (GO-SEWFA). The oxygen-containing functional groups of GO can react with tetraethyl orthosilicate to form a well-dispersed silica/GO matrix on the surface of GO-SEWFA. The hydrogen evolution results demonstrated that GO covalent bonding, combined with silica encapsulation on the surface of flaky aluminium, could effectively improve the anticorrosive performance.
Strong Ground-Motion Characteristics Observed in the November 12, 2017, Mw7.3 Sarpol-e Zahab, Iran Earthquake

ABSTRACT The November 12, 2017, moment magnitude (Mw) 7.3 Sarpol-e Zahab earthquake, which occurred after a seismic quiescence, close to the Iran–Iraq border, is one of the largest events recorded in the Zagros fold and thrust belt. In this study, we analyzed strong-motion data of this event from 38 stations within an epicentral distance of 36 to 200 km. Spectral analysis of strong-motion data resulted in an Mw estimate of 7.34, an average rupture velocity of 3.03 km/s, and a stress drop of 154 bars. We estimated that shear dislocation propagated over a rectangular fault area with a length of ~97 km and width of ~17 km. Comparison of the horizontal peak ground-motions from this earthquake with the ground-motion model for active crustal regions indicated overall good agreement; however, the model underestimates ground-motions at stations within distances of approximately 30 km or less. The model appears to underestimate the observed strong-motion recordings from the Mw7.4 September 16, 1978, Tabas and the Mw7.4 June 20, 1990, Manjil earthquakes as well. Investigation of the observed accelerograms showed that the Sarpol-e Zahab earthquake was nucleated by a sub-event with a local magnitude (ML) of 4.9 which contributed about 0.02% to the total seismic moment. The empirical data indicated multiple arrivals due to the development of the rupture as two major sub-events. The spatial distribution of stations along with the time difference between the sub-events on the recorded time-series implies their occurrence from the hypocenter toward the S-SE direction which is coincident with the principal directions of the majority of damaged buildings. The estimated Mw of these sub-events is 6.79 and 7.08, respectively. The distinctive characteristics of near-field recordings from Sarpol-e Zahab earthquake (e.g., multiple phase arrivals due to complex source process, forward directivity effect, and blind thrust faulting) make these data a valuable supplement to the recorded ground-motion database. The improved strong-motion database plays a fundamental role in calibrating seismological simulation models, developing ground-motion models that capture near-source effects, and performing nonlinear dynamic structural analyses.
Topological asymptotic formula for the 3D non-stationary Stokes problem and application

International audience This paper is concerned with a topological asymptotic expansion for a parabolic operator. We consider the three dimensional non-stationary Stokes system as a model problem and we derive a sensitivity analysis with respect to the creation of a small Dirich-let geometric perturbation. The established asymptotic expansion valid for a large class of shape functions. The proposed analysis is based on a preliminary estimate describing the velocity field perturbation caused by the presence of a small obstacle in the fluid flow domain. The obtained theoretical results are used to built a fast and accurate detection algorithm. Some numerical examples issued from a lake oxygenation problem show the efficiency of the proposed approach. Ce papier porte sur l'analyse de sensibilité topologique pour un opérateur parabolique. On considère le problème de Stokes instationnaire comme un exemple de modèle et on donne une étude de sensibilité décrivant le comportement asymptotique de l'opérateur relativement à une petite perturbation géométrique du domaine. L'analyse présentée est basée sur une estimation du champ de vitesse calculée dans le domaine perturbé. Les résultats de cette étude ont servi de base pour développer un algorithme d'identification géométrique. Pour la validation de notre approche, on donne une étude numérique pour un problème d'optimisation d'emplacement des injecteurs dans un lac eutrophe. Des exemples numériques montrent l'efficacité de la méthode proposée
Coursework in industrial doctorates: a worthwhile contribution to students’ training?

ABSTRACT The integration of coursework in doctoral programmes is becoming increasingly common worldwide. In Portugal, too, coursework is now part of many doctorates and is usually assigned to the first year. This paper aims to understand if coursework is also an element of the relatively recent industrial doctorates in Portugal and, in this case, if it represents an added value for the training and experience of doctoral candidates in a primarily research-based degree, but driven by the shared interests of industry and academia. The perceptions of students enrolled in industrial doctorates were gathered through focus groups. Findings suggest that students tend to believe that compulsory coursework does not add much value to their training, although its relevance seems to increase when students are given the possibility of choosing courses which are related to their research topic or when courses have a practical orientation. These findings invite a reconsideration of curriculum design in doctoral degrees in the direction of increased flexibility and more personalised learning plans.
Instant scanner device for identifying wound infection utilizing Mie scatter spectra

Tissue biopsy and swab culture are the gold standards for diagnosing tissue infection; these tests require significant time, diagnostic costs, and resources. Towards earlier and specific diagnosis of infection, a non-destructive, rapid, and mobile detection device is described to distinguish bacterial species via light scatter spectra from the surface of an infected tissue, reagent-free. Porcine skin and human cadaveric skin models of wound infection were used with a 650 nm LED and an angular photodiode array to detect bacterial infections on the tissue surface, which can easily be translated to a typical CMOS array or smartphone. Tissue samples were inoculated with Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, or Staphylococcus aureus and backscatter was collected from 100° to 170° in 10° increments; each bacterial species resulted in unique Mie scatter spectra. Distinct Mie scatter spectra were obtained from epidermis (intact skin model) and dermis (wound model) samples, as well as from porcine and human cadaveric skin samples. Interactions between bacterial colonies and lipid particles within dermis samples generated a characteristic Mie scatter spectrum, while the lipid itself did not contribute to such characteristic spectrum as corroborated with body lotion experiments. The designed angular photodiode array is able to immediately and non-destructively detect tissue bacterial infection and identify the species of infection within three seconds, which could greatly improve point of care diagnostics and antibiotic treatments.
Active Forms of Training Future English Language Teachers

2 Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, The Faculty of Foreign Languages, South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K.D. Ushynsky, Odesa, Ukraine, m.katrin81@gmail.com, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6403-3360 3 The senior lecturer of the faculty foreign languages, South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K.D. Ushynsky, Odesa, Ukraine, olgalex0701@gmail.com. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8491-1714 4 Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor of Germanic Languages and Translation Studies Department, Khmelnytskyi National University, Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine, katrusyk@gmail. сom. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2911-5461 5 Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of English and Methodology Department, Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University, Uman, Ukraine, postir80@yahoo.com. Abstract: The content of the paper was determined by the problem of active teaching forms at English classes at the Pedagogical Universities. The modern educational environment should form an holistic system of universal knowledge, skills, as well as the experience of independent activity and personal responsibility of students. The aim of the article is to determine the effectiveness of active forms of teaching Ukrainian future teachers at English classes. Modern effective forms of teaching are based on the independent educational activities of participants. Active forms of teaching provide a solution of educational problems in various aspects: the formation of positive educational motivation; increasing cognitive activity of students; active involvement of students in the educational process; development of cognitive processes; effective assimilation of educational information; development of creative abilities and thinking; development of the communicative and emotional sphere and development of independent mental work skills and universal skills. The research was conducted on the basics of the South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K.D. Ushynsky (2018-2019). An analysis of these researchers and advanced pedagogical experience shows that the most characteristic direction of increasing the university education effectiveness is the creation of psychological and pedagogical conditions in which a student can take an active personal position and educational activity. The results of the implementation of the system of using active teaching forms can be considered: systematization of program material by the criterion of the possibility of using active forms and a holistic system of exercises of active forms.
Deksametazon uygulanmış Balb/c fare timuslarında glikozilasyon değişikliklerinin lektin blotting yöntemi ile belirlenmesi

GIRIŞ ve AMAC: Intratimik gelisim sirasinda kemik iligi kaynakli immatur timositler dogru fenotipik ve fonksiyonel ozelliklerini kazanmak icin bir dizi seleksiyon ve farklilasma surecine girerler. Immatur timositlerin fonksiyonel olabilmesi buyuk olcude hucre yuzey glikoproteinlerinin glikozilasyon degisimlerine baglidir. Bu calismanin oncelikli amaci, deksametazonun timik glikan profili uzerine etkisini arastirmaktir.YONTEM ve GERECLER: Calisma 65 adet 8 haftalik erkek Balb/c turu fare ile gerceklestirildi. Deksametazon uygulanmis grup ile kontrol grubu farelerden elde edilen timik proteinlerin glikan profilleri farkli glikanlara spesifite gosteren farkli bitki lektinleri (Maackia amurensis agglutinin, Sambucus nigra agglutinin, peanut agglutinin, concanavalin A ve wheat germ agglutinin) kullanilarak lektin blotting yontemiyle karsilastirilmistir. BULGULAR: Lektin blotting calismalari deksametazon uygulamasi ile Maackia amurensis agglutinin, Sambucus nigra agglutinin, peanut agglutinin reaktivitelerinin genel olarak azaldigini, concanavalin A ve wheat germ agglutinin reaktivitelerinin ise artis gosterdigini ortaya koymustur. TARTIŞMA ve SONUC: Bu bulgular, deksametazonun timik dokularda glikozilasyon motiflerinin degisimi acisindan onemli bir faktor olabilecegini ortaya koymustur.
Concept mapping: student perceptions of using a teaching tool in a Pharmacy course

Concept mapping consist of diagrams that represent the relationships between concepts and words that describe them. The present study aimed to examination of student perceptions of using concept mapping in a pharmacy course. A group of undergraduate students from the sixth semester were the participants. Students received the concept mapping before and after the theoretical class, also could make their own map. In general manner, 97% of the students made use of concept mapping, 90% consider that their use may be useful for learning pharmacology. 50% of participants considered the help provided by concept mapping for their learning as satisfactory, 25% as very satisfactory and 25% as regular. Still, 63% of students intend to continue use of conceptual maps and 34% think about continuing to use concept mapping. Therefore, the study demonstrated that use of concept mapping as a teaching tool for pharmacology class, managed to arouse students interest in contents.
Diagnosis and grading of radiographic osteoporotic vertebral deformity by general radiologists after a brief self-learning period

Background The expanded semi-quantitative (eSQ) osteoporotic vertebral deformity (OVD) classification has minimal, mild, moderate, moderately-severe, severe, and collapsed grades with <20%, 20–25%, >25%–1/3, >1/3–40%, >40%–2/3, >2/3 vertebral height loss respectively. This study evaluates the performance of using this grading criterion by radiology readers who did not have former training in OVD assessment. Methods Spine radiographs of 44 elderly women with 278 normal appearing vertebrae and 65 OVDs were selected, with two senior readers agreed the reference reading. Three readers from Italy and three readers from China were invited to evaluate these radiographs after reading five reference articles including one detailing eSQ criteria with illustrative examples. Before the second round of reading, the readers were asked to read an additional explanatory document. For the readers in Italy an additional on-line demonstration was given on how to measure vertebral height loss in another five cases of OVD. Two Chinese readers had a third round of reading after a 90 minutes’ on-line lecture. Results The final absolute agreement rate with the reference reading (i.e., exactly the same grading as the reference) ranged between 46.2% to 68.2% for the six readers, and the final relative agreement (with one eSQ grade difference allowed) ranged between 78.5% to 92.5%. The >1 grade disagreement rate was all below 11%, and mostly below 7%. The missed OVD were mostly minimal grade. The rate for missing a ≥ mild OVD was <4.5%, and false positive rate was generally <1.4% among the final reading. If the minimal grade was removed and the remaining gradings were converted to Genant’s semi-quantitative (GSQ) grading, the mean kappa values against the reference reading for SQ grades-1,2,3 were 0.813, 0.814, and 0.916 respectively. Conclusions This study demonstrates good performance of the six learner readers for assessing radiographic after a brief self-learning period.
CARBON ACCOUNTING, DISCLOSURE AND MEASUREEMENT: A Systematic Literature Review

Purpose — This research aims to support Sustainable Development Goals specifically to reduce carbon emission. Design/methodology/approach — Systematical literature review was used as a research method, evaluated and analyzed as much as 17 articles. Findings — The result indicate that mitigation is more preferable than adaptation in case of carbon emission accounting definition. Stakeholders were involved to applied carbon disclosure which support the stakeholder theory, while measurement of carbon emission found that carbon-footprint approach is more widely used by organizations. Practical Implications — Environmental field become one of the SDG’s (Sustainable Development Goals) objectiveas it is related to the climate change caused by carbon emission that significantly increase from 1990’s. Originality/value — This research delivers concept, definition, practice, and measurement of gas emission based on previous research result (by several researchers/research paper) in various countries.