Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A taxonomic revision of the genus Pliosaurus (Owen, 1841a) Owen, 1841b

The Late Jurassic genus Pliosaurus was erected by Owen in 1841a. Since then numerous isolated bones and more complete skeletons have been referred to various species within the genus, many based on non-diagnostic material which has led to many uncertainties regarding the taxonomic status of Pliosaurus. Here, the species of Pliosaurus, their type and referred material are re-evaluated. Lack of distinctive type material demands selection of a neotype for P. macromerus (Philips, 1871) Lydekker, 1889a and a new neotype for P. brachyspondylus (Owen, 1839) Eichwald, 1868. Four species are recognised based on cranial tooth counts, cervical centrum morphology, retroarticular morphology, and relative propodial length. Three previously accepted named taxa are here considered invalid. This study is also the first to collectively illustrate an accurate stratigraphic provenance to, and what material is available from the main specimens referred to Pliosaurus. The results of this work form a foundation on which to build a more solid understanding of the diversity of this genus.
Procedural level generation for collaborative puzzle -platform games.

This paper documents my research project regarding procedural level generation for collaborative puzzle-platform games. The goal of this research is to find out what the requirements are to have a level generator create levels that can be played in a puzzle-platform game for two players. To support my claims have also created a proof of concept in the Unity game engine which is able to parse the levels from the level generator into an actually playable level. For
Factors of job satisfaction among workers exposed to occupational noise

Introduction: Noise was evident to reduce job satisfaction among workers which will negative impacts to workers including increase job turnover, decrease motivation and increased number of accidents. This study aims to explore job satisfaction and its risk factors among workers working in a noisy workplace. Method: The study design was cross-sectional study which involved 167 workers in a cable manufacturing factory selected by simple random sampling. MSQ was used to assess employee’s satisfaction with their job on seven facets and sound level meter was used to measure workplace noise level. Results: All respondents were exposed to noise above permissible exposure limit. Most workers (49%) were moderately satisfied with their work. Factors that were rated as lowest level of satisfaction were work itself (the ability to work alone) (40%) and the way company system policies are implemented (40%). Factors with the highest level of satisfaction were their freedom to implement their judgement (responsibility) (51%) and the supervision quality of their superiors (51%). The most dominant facet predicting total satisfaction level was recognition followed by advancement and company policy and administration. All variables in socio-demographical and job characteristics were not significantly associated with their level of job satisfaction except noise. Noise was significant in predicting one facet of job satisfaction which was physical work condition. Conclusion: Overall, the average level of job satisfaction among respondents were moderate and they were exposed to occupational noise which was the only significant study variable correlated with their job satisfaction.
Üretken Enerji Ölçeği'nin Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması (Validity and Reliability Study of Productive Energy Scale)

Mustafa BEKMEZCİ a Kenan ORÇANLI b Hasan BOZTOPRAK c a Toros Üniversitesi, İktisadi İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü, Mersin, Türkiye. mustafa.bekmezci@toros.edu. tr b Toros Üniversitesi, İktisadi İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü, Mersin, Türkiye. kenan.orcanli@toros.edu. tr c Beykent Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye. hasanboztoprak@beykent.edu. tr
Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with organic and conventional vegetable farms in Laguna Province, Philippines

Abstract A survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with vegetable crops grown in organic and conventional farms in Laguna province, Philippines. Seven nematode genera (Aphelenchoides, Aphelenchus, Helicotylenchus, Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Rotylenchulus and Tylenchus) from organic farms and five (all those found in organic except Aphelenchoides and Pratylenchus) from conventional farms were isolated using modified Baermann tray method. Among these taxa, Meloidogyne and Rotylenchulus were the most prevalent and abundant in both organic and conventional farms. Pratylenchus was also prevalent in organic farms and Helicotylenchus in conventional farms. Rotylenchulus was found associated with every vegetable in both organic and conventional farms and Meloidogyne was also observed with all vegetables in conventional farms. Organic vegetable farms were more diverse in terms of genera of plant-parasitic nematodes than conventional farms.
Oceanographic, acoustic, and remote approaches reveal the spatio-temporal dynamics of blackfin snapper at an aggregation site in Palau

: Forming spawning aggregations is a critical life-history activity for fish, but it is unclear what physical conditions are associated with fish behavior at specific sites. The habitat, movements and distribution of blackfin snapper Lutjanus fulvus at a monthly aggregation site in Palau were studied using a combination of instruments and approaches, including active/passive acoustics, time-lapse cameras, an autonomous underwater vehicle, current profilers, and high resolution bathymetry. We found that L. fulvus predictably form a large pre-spawning aggregation of an estimated 15 000 fish in a small zone (10s of m) in a tidally forced channel. The aggregation spans 125 m along the northern channel wall, with the highest densities of fish from 9 to 13 m and <15 m from the wall where current velocities are <0.25 m s −1 . The aggregation occurs within an indent in the channel wall where an abrupt change in bathymetry creates a visible eddy-like feature during outgoing tides. The aggregation forms year-round, for 6 d each moon cycle, starting 1 d before the full moon to 4 d after. During the study, 4 tagged fish returned to the site for 6 consecutive lunar cycles; however, residency times within aggregation periods was ~1.5 d on average. Densely aggregated fish were present during the day, but migration patterns of tagged fish revealed regular evening migrations to and from the channel mouth, consistently at the highest tide of the day, a behavior assumed for spawning. These observations reveal some physical processes and biological patterns surrounding the formation and function of fish aggregations.
There is plenty of room at the plant science: A review of nanoparticles applied to plant cultures

Because of the revolution in plant science studies, driven by nanotechnology, with the development of the concept as precision farming, which utilises, among others, nanoparticles (NP) as sensors, nano-encapsulated fertilisers, among others, the accu-rate understanding of how NPs affect a plant culture becomes of paramount importance. In this way, this review addresses not only fundamental and important aspects regarding NP production and characterisation, emphasising up-to-date developments for these tasks, but also discusses the most recent results in terms of NP internalisation into a plant, to enlarge the comprehension of the interaction between NPs and plants. Because there is a broad horizon opened regarding nanotechnology applied to plant science, this review also presents some possible trends, indicating that there is still plenty of room for future developments. It is also an open field for more work on the effects of NPs on stress responses in plants.
A Cross-Professional Analysis of Collegiality Among Teachers and Police Officers

This article compares collegiality between two professional groups—teachers and police officers. The purpose is to add an open, “cross-professional dimension” to the discussion about collegiality in the teaching and police professions. By investigating collegial relations within the two professions, we provide a unique comparison. Using positioning theory, we analysed variations in stories about colleagues and found that the functions of collegiality share similar norms of trust, loyalty and professionalism. Moreover, what seems to be a case of collegial resource can paradoxically be a challenge to clients when different practices of and responses to professional behaviour are outlined. We suggest that the reason for this paradox might be found in the exposure of individualised responsibility and accountability within the two professions, which drives a perceived need for collegial community-building processes.
Interfacial properties of saponins from Quillaja saponaria Molina and their functionality in dispersed systems

Sandra Böttcher Technische Universität Berlin Abstract The aim of the present thesis was to connect interfacial properties of saponins at aqueous interfaces with their behavior in dispersed systems. Thereby the influence of changes in pH and ionic strength and interactions with β-lactoglobulin were discussed using spectroscopic equipment and knowledge on molecular structure. Saponins are phytochemicals that can be found in numerous plant species in low concentrations. Due to their amphiphilic structure, saponins are surface active and may be used in dispersed systems like emulsions and foams. Molecular structure of saponins is highly variable as different aglyone types exist to which a varying quantity and type of sugar residues may be linked. Although it is known that saponins with a triterpenoid aglycone form viscoelastic films, knowledge on corresponding foam properties is scarce. In the present thesis six saponins, which differed in molecular structure, were analyzed with respect to interfacial and foam properties. It was shown that high complex dilational and shear moduli were a requirement for stable foams but not a guarantee for high stability. However, it was also shown that the type of aglycone and length of the sugar chains had the highest impact on foam stability. A saponin extract from Quillaja saponaria Molina (QS) is already approved for application in food products in the EU and US. But until now only little is known about interactions between QS and food-relevant ingredients like proteins. There has been evidences that QS and β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) form complexes, which affected interfacial properties. In the present thesis fluorescence experiments showed complex formation in the bulk and interfacial rheology indicated strong interactions at the air/water-interface. The interactions between QS and β-LG tremendously increased foam stability. In contrast mixtures of QS and β-LG negatively affected emulsion stability by inducing aggregation of oil droplets. Food systems may not only contain proteins but may also be a mixture of multiple dispersed phases. It was shown that oil droplet size of the emulsion and pH are key factors in controlling stability of foamed emulsions. Stability may further be enhanced by sequentially adding QS to a β-LG-emulsion. Summarizing the results, experimental data showed that molecular structure of saponins distinctly affects foam stability. In addition, it was shown that mixing QS with β-LG may lead to synergistic or antagonistic effects in dispersed systems. However, it is necessary to perform experiments, which further deepen our understanding on the relationship of molecular structure and interfacial properties as well as behavior in dispersed systems. Furthermore, future research should focus on the underlying intermolecular interactions between proteins and QS to explain interfacial properties of mixtures of both.
The influence of media consumption on public risk perception: a meta-analysis

Abstract Media is an important explanatory variable in the research on the social amplification of risk; the public often perceives risks in social life through media consumption such as by relying on, using, and trusting the media dialectically. Currently, researchers have not reached a consistent conclusion about the relationship between media consumption and public risk perception (PRP). This study uses meta-analysis to integrate empirical literature and conducts a more in-depth and systematic analysis of the relationship between media consumption and PRP. The results show that (1) there is no significant correlation between general media use (GMU) and PRP, there is positive relationship between selective media exposure (SMEX) and PRP, and there is no significant correlation between media source credibility (MSC) and PRP. (2) Further meta-regression and subgroup analyses show that country type significantly moderates the relationship between GMU and PRP. Compared with high uncertainty avoidance countries, the relationship between GMU and PRP in low uncertainty avoidance countries is stronger. Moreover, risk type significantly moderates the relationship between SMEX and PRP. Compared with terrorist crime, environmental, accident and other types of risks, the SMEX is more positively correlated with public’s food safety and health risk perception. In addition, media type moderates the relationship between MSC and PRP. Compared with traditional media and internet social media, the MSC of mixed media have a stronger positive relationship with PRP.
Share Location dan Penyajian Basis Data Geospasial pada Mapping Studi Inventori Tuberkulosis di Kabupaten Karanganyar

Mapping Studi inventori TB (tuberculosis) di Kabupaten Karanganyar adalah bagian dari sampel nasional namun demikian dengan penentuan klaster kabupaten sehingga seluruh fasyankes yang melayani TB di wilayah tersebut dilakukan pendataan. Diperkirakan fasyankes-fasyankes bukan DOTS (Direct Observation Therapy Strategy) penyebab under-reporting. Hal ini karena fasyankes bukan DOTS tidak melakukan pelaporan ke SITT (Sistem Informasi TB Terpadu). Metode penelitian dengan desain cross sectional, populasi seluruh fasyankes dan sampel penelitian total populasi. Pengumpulan data dengan inklusi fasyankes eligible adalah fasyankes yang dalam 3 bulan terakhir setidaknya mendiagnosa dan atau melayani TB setidaknya 1 pasien untuk kemudian dianalisis, dan selanjutnya dilakukan pemetaan dengan penentuan koordinat menggunakan smartphone GPS (Global Positioning System) menjadi basisdata geospasial yang divisualkan dengan webmap. Hasil menunjukkan semua jenis fasyankes didapatkan fasyankes eligible, proporsi terbesar adalah puskesmas yakni 100%, diikuti rumahsakit 75%, klinik 9,6% dan DPM (Dokter Praktek Mandiri) 7,4%. Distribusi merata secara keruangan menunjukkan masih ada beberapa fasyankes bukan DOTS sehingga notifikasi kasus TB under-reporting. Gambaran tersebut juga menunjukkan masih tingginya ancaman penyakit TB yang terjadi di Kabupaten Karanganyar. Sebagai kesimpulan masih didapatkan kasus under-reporting, sehingga perlunya jejaring yang melibatkan seluruh fasyankes terutama rumah sakit swasta, klinik dan DPM yang terintegrasi ke dalam sistem informasi survailans kesehatan daerah.
The effects of theraband training on respiratory parameters, upper extremity muscle strength and swimming performance

Background and Study Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks theraband training on respiratory parameters, upper extremity muscle strength and 50-100m swimming performance in swimming athletes. Material and Methods. Totally 12 male swimmers participated voluntarily and were divided into two groups as control group (n=6) and experimental group (n=6). Control group did only swimming training, experimental group did theraband exercises in addition to swimming exercises. Respiratory parameters, upper extremity anaerobic performance, shoulder extension/flexion strength and swimming performance were measured. Mann Whitney-U Test was used to determine the differences between two groups. Wilcoxon Test was used to determine intra-group differences. Results. There was no statistically significant difference between the pre and post-test values of respiratory parameters, anaerobic performance values and swimming measurements of the experimental groups (p>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between shoulder extension and flexion values (p<0.05). As for the statistical results between the pre and post-test values of the control group, no significant difference was found in any of the variables (p>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the post-test values ​​of the experimental and control groups shoulder extension and flexion values (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between respiratory function parameters, anaerobic performance values and 50-100m swimming degrees (p>0.05). Conclusions. As a result of the findings, it can be said that theraband training which is done as a land work with swimming training leads to positive effects in the upper extremity muscle strength and swimming performance development of youth swimmers.
Characterization of the complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the Lagocephalus guentheri (Tetraodontidae, Tetraodontiformes)

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome of Lagocephalus guentheri was reported in the present study, which was 16,461 bp in length. It consists of 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and a non-coding control region. The overall base composition of the genome is 27.54% for A, 24.80% for T, 31.23% for C and 16.43% for G. The phylogenetic tree, which is based on 12 protein-coding gene sequences, suggested that L. guentheri was closest to L. spadiceus. This study could give impetus to studies focused on population structure and molecular evolution of L. guentheri.
Investigation of the Breeding Mechanism of African Yam Bean [Fabaceae] (Sphenostylis stenocarpa Hochst. Ex. A. Rich) Harms

The many reported inherent nutritional potential in African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst. Ex. A. Rich.) Harms) seem to provide platform for the need of its genetic improvement. A good understanding of the breeding system of the crop species is a needed criterion in plant breeding program. Four accessions of African yam bean (AYB) collected from the Genetic Resources Centre of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria were grown out in a fifteen plants/accession row on a field at IITA, Ibadan (7.5°N, 3.9°E), Nigeria. Five pollination mechanisms were investigated as treatments on the four accessions. The four accessions set fruits and seeds in four treatments: plants left to open-pollination (A), plants isolated with fine net mesh (B), artificially selfed flowers (C) and inter-varietal cross-pollination (D). Emasculated flowers which were not pollinated (treatment E) produced neither fruit nor seed. Treatment A differed significantly (P<0.05) from B, likewise C and D. Fruit set percentage was higher in A (19.7-21.2) than B (18.3–18.7). Higher pollination/fertilization success (46.5%) was obtained in C compared to 32.3% in D. More seeds (88.6%) were set by self-pollination. The four accessions had a mean selfing rate of 89.8% and an outcrossing rate of 10.17%. The observed 1:9 allogamy: autogamy in this study could form the basis for developing the breeding strategy for the genetic improvement of AYB via hybridization.
Characterization of a Novel Lytic Bacteriophage EC14 that Infects Enterobacter cloacae Clinical Isolates

Enterobacter cloacae, an important agent associated with nosocomial infection, usually involves expanded-spectrum cephalosporin resistance. The therapeutic potential of bacteriophage is a possibly alternative chemotherapy against bacterial infection. In this study, we have characterized one newly isolated bacteriophage EC14, which is lytic to E. cloacae specifically. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that phage EC14 had an icosahedral head and long contractile tail, morphologically similar to phages belonging to family Siphoviridae. Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) showed that the size of EC14 virion DNA was in rang of 23.0-48.5 kb. Restriction analysis showed that lytic phage EC14 was a double-stranded DNA virus, which might be cut by some restriction endonucleases. SDS-PAGE of phage proteins exhibited one major band and six minor bands with molecular weight ranging from 6.5 to 66.4 kilo-Dalton. In one-step experiment, phage EC14 had a short latent period of 10 minutes and a burst size of 50 PFU/cell. The best understanding of the biological features of lytic bacteriophage EC14 would facilitate the development of an alternative agent to control the spread of multidrug-resistant E. cloacae.
Gene expression analyses on adipose tissue of Nellore peripubertal heifers reveal genes that have an impact on reproductive physiology

Gene expression analyses on adipose tissue of Nellore peripubertal heifers reveal genes that have an impact on reproductive physiology Pubertal development is an outcome of genes’ interaction producing molecular signals that rule physiological mechanisms. Understanding the genetic changes surrounding the peripubertal period in Nellore heifers could unveil certain differences in age at puberty because they reach sexual maturity much later than European heifers. The adipose tissue regulates energy metabolism and is an endocrine organ with active participation in reproductive processes . The present study aimed at understanding the functions of the adipose tissue around pubertal time in Nellore heifers. Our strategy was to search for differences in gene expression between prepubertal and pubertal animals. We quantified gene expression in the adipose tissue for Nellore heifers who reached puberty according to either the early or late pattern. This research was done on 30 Nellore heifers monitored weekly from 230 kg bodyweight until the onset of puberty through gynaecological ultrasound examination. The onset of puberty was defined by the presence of corpus luteum in the ovary and blood progesterone > 1 ng/ml. Adipose tissue was collected through subcutaneous biopsy; the first biopsy was done when heifers reached 230 kilos bodyweight and subsequently once a month until they entered puberty. Biopsies were collected of each heifer that reached puberty alongside its half-sister who had not reached puberty. We analysed samples of six early pubertal heifers and their six late pubertal sisters at two different stages: at the time of ovulation and approximately 50 days before ovulation. The RNA was extracted from the biopsies’ tissue and gene expression quantified through RNA sequencing. There were nine genes differentially expressed in pubertal heifers that have been found previously correlated with reproductive traits and/or processes in mammals on other studies. These genes were APOD, CYP17A1, DNMT3B, AKR1C4, TENM1/ODZ3, HPSE, SMPD3, FAM134B and CYP26B1, already found expressed in adipocytes, hypothalamus, ovaries and uterus, corroborating previous knowledge of a link among energy metabolism, reproductive organs and neural influence. By measuring the genetic changes and correlating them with known physiological mechanisms on the nervous system and reproductive organs during puberty, we detected genes expressed here that are related to modifications in the organism as a whole. Therefore the adipose tissue may be regarded as an instrument to indicate what is going on during reproductive processes. The results presented here may aid in a better understanding of genetic changes happening during peripubertal period.