Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Data Storage of Electronic Exams

Electronic learning is one of the most popular topics of today’s technology and education. The development in technology forces universities, colleges and other education institutes to transfer their materials into digitized environment. Moreover, this new education system allows students to attend lessons from their computers located out of campus. In fact, some of the universities and colleges have started to hold their examinations in electronic environment. Electronic exam is one of the hardest problems in electronic learning subject, since it needs authenticity, anonymity, robustness and secrecy for all parts. The secrecy of electronic exam depends on the secrecy of both questions and their answers. In this work, we propose a data storage model for electronic exam which provides a long term confidentiality on the sensitive data such as questions and their corresponding answers by using verifiable secret sharing scheme.
SUPPLEMENT TO “IDENTIFICATION OF NONSEPARABLE MODELS USING INSTRUMENTS WITH SMALL SUPPORT” (Econometrica, Vol. 83, No. 3, May 2015, 1185–1197) BY ALEXANDER TORGOVITSKY

THIS SECTION CONTAINS A PROOF AND DISCUSSION OF THE FOLLOWING RESULT, which establishes point-identification when X is a vector and Z is continuously distributed. First, I introduce some notation required for the case where X is a vector. Define FX|Z(x|z)≡ (FX1|Z(x1|z) FXdx |Z(xdx |z)) as the vector of conditional (marginal) ranks of X ∈ Rx . Then, just as in the scalar case, Assumptions FS and C imply that if
Correlation asymmetry: The role of volatility

Empirical studies ﬁnd that the correlations of stock returns are greater during bear markets than during bull markets: asymmetric correlations . Correlations in ﬁnancial markets are also shown to be counter-cyclical: higher during recessions than during boom periods. These two empirical regularities are sometimes considered to be diﬀerent manifestations of a common phenomenon since both bear markets (low realized returns) and recessions are thought of as “bad times”. We show that this is not the case. Both the causes and the consequences of the two types of correlation asymmetry diﬀer signiﬁcantly. While higher correlations during recessions are driven by heightened market volatility that is not the case for higher correlations during bear markets. Studying the economic signiﬁcance of correlation asymmetries, we ﬁnd that ignoring asymmetric correlations , i.e. higher correlations in bear markets than bull markets, is signiﬁcantly more costly than ignoring counter-cyclical correlations .
Bank Interconnectedness and Monetary Policy Transmission: Evidence from the Euro Area Master Project International Trade, Finance, and Development

Bank Interconnectedness and Monetary Policy Transmission: Evidence from the Euro Area1 Whereas monetary policy is conducted by the European Central Bank, the real effects of these decisions provoke different reactions among euro area countries. One common explanation for this finding is structural heterogeneity across the members of the euro area. We assess how commercial bank interconnectedness – as a specific source of structural heterogeneity – affects the propagation of common monetary policy shocks across the different countries of the euro area between 2003 and 2018. While recent research has found that bank interconnectedness plays an important role in the transmission of monetary policy in the US, evidence on the euro area is scarce. Recent research has shown that bank interconnectedness – in the form of inter-bank lending – can counteract the contraction in loans resulting from a monetary policy tightening. We test this hypothesis empirically by constructing a panel data set for the original euro area countries, creating a measure for country-specific bank interconnectedness, and identifying an exogenous monetary policy shock based on high-frequency data. Using local projections, we provide evidence that – in accordance with the theoretical model we discuss – a contractionary monetary policy surprise leads to a reduction in the supply of corporate and household loans in countries with a low degree of interconnectedness. Conversely, when the banking sector is highly interconnected, the impact of monetary policy is reduced or even counteracted. This implies that a common monetary policy shock can have heterogeneous effects among countries of the euro area, depending on the degree of interconnectedness of their banking industry. Our results are robust to the inclusion of a wide set of controls and alternative shock specifications. 1First and foremost, we would like to thank our supervisors Fernando Broner and Antonio Ciccone as well as Marta Santamaria for great advice. We are grateful to Marek Jarociński, Peter Karadi, and Luca Brugnolini and his coauthors for kindly sharing their data with us. We also received very helpful comments from Christian Brownlees, Xavier Freixas, Elmar Mertens, and Giovanni Ricco for which we would like to thank them. Last but not least, this project would not be the same without the reception guy who always ensured that we would find perfect facilities in the Barcelona GSE buildings.
Automatic and interactive segmentation of pulmonary lobes and nodules in chest CT images

Lung diseases such as lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are a main cause of mortality and morbidity. Early detection and determining the right therapy can improve the chances of cure. Although the human eye is very good at qualitatively judging diseases, quantification of disease status and progression is much better done by computers. To be able to perform any automatic quantification, delineation (i.e. segmentation) of the structures of interest in an image is a prerequisite. Lassen has developed algorithms for automatic and interactive segmentation of pulmonary lobes and nodules in CT scans. In challenges and on large sets of publicly available data, the good performance of the methods could be demonstrated. The results were comparable to complete manual segmentations by experts, but with two advantages. First, the proposed approaches are fast and require none or only little user interaction. Second, using the proposed automated methods improves the reproducibility and prevents varying results by different clinicians.
Coarse checkpointing for URANS- or DES-based unsteady adjoint shape optimisation

The adjoint method is an established way to compute gradients in applications as diverse as industrial fluid flow, structural mechanics, weather forecasting or finance. Gradients are a key ingredient in optimisation, uncertainty quantification or flow control, which are used in academia and industry. The appeal of the adjoint method is that its computational expense is independent of the number of design parameters, and instead grows with the number of cost function values that define the quality of any given design. The number of design parameters, e.g. CAD parameters, is typically in the thousands or millions. In contrast, the quality of a design can often be expressed as a scalar, e.g. fuel consumption, making the adjoint method affordable in situations where competing methods are not[1]. Nevertheless, the adjoint method faces challenges, particularly in the presence of unsteady flow, one of them being the computational cost and memory requirements that arise from the need to store the full flow trajectory for the adjoint computation. The proposed solutions such as checkpointing[2] or checkpoint compression[3] trade some memory requirements for even higher computational cost. Checkpointing with time gaps was presented to overcome some of the memory consumption issues and trade some of the memory requirements for solution accuracy[4]. This method was demonstrated to work well for highly unsteady URANS flow, where reductions of the memory footprint by more than 90% were achieved with only a slight reduction in the accuracy of adjoint sensitivities. In this work, we propose to reduce memory requirements by storing selected temporal checkpoints, gappy checkpointing. The states between temporal checkpoints are then reconstructed in space and time from the reduced checkpointed data. Similarly, coarsening the computational grid of these checkpoints, coarse checkpointing, as typically arising in geometric multigrid methods is used to compress the spatial variation in the flowfield. The restriction and prolongation operators built into the multigrid CFD solver are then used to reconstruct an approximation of the flow field during the adjoint computation. The method will be applied to flow through a U-Bend cooling channel simulated with DES or URANS. The effect of the coarsened checkpoints on the accuracy of adjoint sensitivities of pressure drop to surface deformation parameters will be assessed.
Paper Dreams: An Interactive Interface for Generative Visual Expression

Paper Dreams focuses on how current state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms and multi-modal input technologies can be integrated to augment human creativity and empower a wide range of users. We present a web application that promotes a highly dynamic, interactive back-and-forth between a human artist and the Paper Dreams system, incorporating customized machine learning models and representations to assist the user’s visual expression. The Paper Dreams system processes the sketch the user generates, “recognizes” what has been drawn, and creates personalized suggestions for new elements and colors. Papers Dreams aims to inspire and empower individuals who believe they are not “the creative type”, are experiencing an artistic block, or are looking to express themselves in new ways.
Supply Chain Management, Production Networks, and Aggregate Fluctuations

Over the business cycle, firms adjust not only their output and input expenditures but also the number of suppliers to source from. I incorporate this extensive margin into a real business cycle model featuring input-output networks. Using a dataset of supply chain relationships among US firms, I first document that increases in the number of suppliers are correlated with increases in intermediate input expenditures, total factor productivities, and costs of managing suppliers. Based on these facts, I develop a model in which firms trade off the productivity benefit (return to variety) of accessing more varieties with the (fixed) cost of managing these varieties. The extensive margin adjustment introduces a return to scale into production and amplifies industry productivity shocks in the production network: In my estimated model, the effect of industry productivity shocks on GDP fluctuations is one-fourth larger than in a (conventional) model where the extensive margin is absent. JEL Classification: C67,D24,D57,L14,L23,E32
International Journal of Instruction

Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP) is person-excellence research as it explores the most effective behavioural process to achieve personal quality. The method incorporates either oral or non-verbal interaction to influence the human mind's system to quickly and effectively change behaviour. Such type of communication will change the experience stored in the human mind and modify the expected feelings, ideas, and actions. This present research is, therefore, aimed at exploring the feasibility of Disney's NLP-based strategy to improve students' higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). This study employed a pre-test / post-test quasiexperimental design involving 40 participant-students from a Malaysian matriculation college. The researchers used an intact group technique to determine the sample and divided the participants into two groups, namely the control group using conventional modules, and the experimental group using Disney’s NLPbased Strategy. Instruments used are Disney’s NLP-based Strategy and a HOTS test. The instrument used to obtain HOTS data was a subjective test in which the indicators were based on Bloom's Revised Taxonomy. The results from the data analysis represented the efficacy of Disney’s NLP-based Strategy application on the students’ HOTS. The findings of this study have shown that Disney's NLPbased approach can be used as a means to facilitate college lecturers in matriculation in nurturing competent students.
Is Smart Beta Still Smart under the Lens of the Diversification Return?

The diversification return is known to explain a significant portion of portfolio growth rates. Separately, results from backtesting have created significant interest in smart beta portfolio strategies. Extant research shows that smart beta strategies outperform the passive value-weighted benchmark because of their implicit risk factor tilts, such as value and size. This article reexamines the performance of a subset of smart beta strategies, known as fundamental indexing, focusing on the diversification return. The authors demonstrate that the outperformance of these strategies is completely explained by the diversification returns embedded in the portfolio rebalancing inherent in all such strategies. Efficient factor tilts explain none of the outperformance. TOPICS: Factor-based models, factor-based models, performance measurement Key Findings • The article confirms past results that fundamental indexes outperform the market-cap-weighted index. • Importantly, the article shows that all outperformance is due to the diversification return of Fernholz and Shay and Booth and Fama. • Standard explanations for outperformance (factor tilts) do not appear to hold up in factor models after accounting for the diversification return.
How Do Low-Skilled Immigrants Adjust to Chinese Import Shocks? Evidence Using English Language Proficiency

This paper examines the link between trade-induced changes in labor market opportunities and English language fluency among low-skilled immigrants in the United States. Many of the production-based manufacturing jobs lost in recent years due to Chinese import competition did not require strong Englishspeaking skills while many of the jobs in expanding industries, mostly in the service sector, did. Consistent with responses to these changing labor market opportunities, we find that a $1,000 increase in import exposure per worker in a local area led to an increase in the share of low skilled immigrants speaking English very well in that area by about half a percentage point. We show that part of this may be explained by selective migration, but we also present results consistent with actual improvements in their English language speaking abilities. For example, we show that low skilled immigrants in areas with more exposure to Chinese import competition became especially more likely to be enrolled in school compared to similarly low skilled natives. Regardless of whether low skilled immigrants respond to trade shocks via migration, investments in language skills, or changes in occupational sector resulting in on-the-job language learning, our results suggest that immigrants help to equilibrate labor markets.
EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH, VOL

Foraminiferal and lithological analyses of ditch cutting samples and well logs from depth interval 2008 – 3396 meters in Beta24 well in the Niger Delta basin of Nigeria was carried out in order to determine the biostratigraphy and paleoenvironment of the sequences penetrated by the well. Standard foraminiferal sample preparation method which involved sample disaggregation and washing through a 63 micron mesh sieve, drying and picking of the foraminifera and accessory fauna were employed. The result showed that the well penetrated the alternating sand and shale sequences of the Agbada Formation. A Late Eocene to Early Oligocene age was assigned to the well section based on the presence of some characteristic Late Eocene to Early Oligocene foraminifera assemblages of the Niger Delta such as Bolivina tenuicostata, Bolivina imperatrix, Bolivina ihuoensis and Globigerina ampliapertura. The P16/17 and P16/17 – P18/19 foraminiferal biozones were erected for the studied interval of the well. The P16/17 foraminiferal biozone was delineated on the basis of the Last Downhole Occurrence (LDO) of Globigerina ampliapertura at 2928m and the First Downhole Occurrence (FDO) of Bolivina ihuoensis at 2768m while the top of the P16/17-P18/19 zone was Ukpong, Aniediobong Jonah, Anyanwu, Timothy ChibuikeLate Eocene—Early Oligocene Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy and Paleoenvironment of Sediments from “Beta24 Well” Niger Delta Basin, South Eastern Nigeria EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. VI, Issue 2 / May 2018 872 tentatively defined at 2248m based on the occurrences of Bolivina tenuicostata and Bolivina imperatrix and the base was placed at 2648m on account of the LDO of Bolivina imperatrix. Paleoenvironmental interpretation based on the foraminiferal assemblages recovered revealed that the lithologic units were deposited within the non-marine through shallow inner neritic, inner neritic, middle neritic to outer neritic environments.
Performance implications of Multiple Team Membership and the influence of the intuitive cognitive style

Multiple Team Membership (MTM) describes a situation in which individuals are simultaneously part of multiple teams. MTM is widely used in the business world but empirical evidence on performance implications of MTM is lacking. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to examine the relationship between MTM and performance on the team level. It was also investigated whether this relationship is influenced by cognitive styles. Research indicated that low to moderate levels can increase but high levels of MTM can decrease of team performance. H1 thus assumed that MTM and performance have an inverted-U shaped relationship. Theory on cognitive styles indicated that the intuitive cognitive style enables teams to better cope with challenges that arise from MTM. H2 therefore expected that the relationship between MTM and performance is positively influenced by a preference for the intuitive cognitive style. The hypotheses were tested by hierarchical regression analyses. The dataset used included 94 NPD teams. In support for H1, the results revealed that the relationship between MTM and performance follows an inverted U-shape. Yet, this inverse U shape only applies to less intuitive teams. Contrary to H2, no significant relationship between MTM and performance for more intuitive teams could be observed.
Comparation of early continuous epidural and intravenous opioid analgesia on haemodynamic changes after several pelvic fractures

Background and Purpose: Continuous epidural analgesia improves excellent pain control in trauma patients with multiple pelvic fractures. Rezidual haemodynamic instability followed by retroperitoneal hemorrhagie in the first 48 hours often post-pones its application with need for parenteral use of high dose of opioids. The aim was to compere the influence of early continuous epidural and intravenous opioid analgesia on haemodynamic changes in these patients.
SHIFTING THE MAXIMUM STRESS FROM A CRITICAL SECTION

Maximum Stress in any specimen is the most important factor for failure of specimen. Mechanical engineers are putting constant Efforts to see the possibility of reducing Stress concentration factor and thereby reduce the maximum stress. But in many causes it will become very difficult to reduce it because of many constraints. In such causes some alternate methods must be used. Some normal methods are: 1) Reinforcing more material in critical section or location 2) selecting a different material to withstand more stress 3) changing the shape and size of the cutouts But this paper establishes an intelligent method of "Shifting the maximum stress from a critical section to another location". Effort is also made to get overall stress reduction by drilling four symmetrical holes of 10mm diameter at specific locations Keywords— Critical section, stress concentration, Maximum stress, optimization.
Space-Efficient Per-Flow Network Traffic Measurement in SDN Environments

The ability to obtain a characterization of the flows carried by a given networking infrastructure has many applications, such as resource planning, traffic engineering, intrusion detection, denial of service detection, to name a few. However, given the high speed of current networks, this task is extremely challenging, since the amount of traffic that may need to be processed at line speed is very large. In this work we are interested in studying techniques that allow for the extraction of finegrained characterizations, specifically ones related to packet lengths and inter-arrival times of a few selected flows therefore allowing for their interpretation and the resolution of more complex network problems. For this purpose, we aim at exploring the possibilities open by programmable switches, and by recent advances on space saving data structures, such as data sketches, to achieve a good tradeoff between the accuracy of the information extracted and the efficiency of the data collection procedure.
CEO Productivity , Risk , and Compensation

Not much attention has been given to analyze the impact of the marginal product of managerial effort on the optimal compensation structure. We explore CEO compensation under productive environments that determine the marginal product of effort, called as “corporate productivity. ” We show that corporate productivity explains CEO incentive structures even after controlling for firm size. We also find that the trade-off between incentive and risk remains strong, even more so when corporate productivity increases. We conclude that pay-performance sensitivity and the incentive-risk tradeoff are optimally determined and empirically observed under different production environments as predicted by agency model. JEL classification: G30; G32; J33
HYDROGEN SAFETY: NEW CHALLENGES BASED ON BMW HYDROGEN 7

The BMW Hydrogen 7 is the world’s first premium sed an with a bi-fuelled internal combustion engine concept that has undergone the series develo pm nt process. This car also displays the BMW typical driving pleasure. During development, the f eatures of the hydrogen energy source were emphasized. Engine, tank system and vehicle electro ni s were especially developed as integral parts of the vehicle for use with hydrogen. The safety-orien ted development process established additional strict hydrogen-specific standards for the Hydrogen 7. The fulfilment of these standards were demonstrated in a comprehensive experimentation and testing program, which included all required tests and a large number of additional hydrogen-spe cific crash tests, such as side impacts to the tank coupling system, or rear impacts. Furthermore the b ehaviour of the hydrogen tank was tested under extreme conditions, for instance in flames and afte r s rong degradation of the insulation. Testing included over 1.7 million km of driving; and all te sts were passed successfully, proving the intrinsic safety of the vehicle and also confirming the succe ss of the safety-oriented development process, which is to be continued during future vehicle deve lopment. A safety concept for future hydrogen vehicles poses new challenges for vehicles and infr astructure. One goal is to develop a car fuelled by hydrogen only while simultaneously optimizing the s afety concept. Another important goal is removal of (self-imposed) restrictions for parking in enclo sed spaces, such as garages. We present a vision of safety standards requirements and a program for ful filling them.