Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiphysics simulation of a compression–perfusion combined bioreactor to predict the mechanical microenvironment during bone metastatic breast cancer loading experiments

Incurable breast cancer bone metastasis causes widespread bone loss, resulting in fragility, pain, increased fracture risk, and ultimately increased patient mortality. Increased mechanical signals in the skeleton are anabolic and protect against bone loss, and they may also do so during osteolytic bone metastasis. Skeletal mechanical signals include interdependent tissue deformations and interstitial fluid flow, but how metastatic tumor cells respond to each of these individual signals remains underinvestigated, a barrier to translation to the clinic. To delineate their respective roles, we report computed estimates of the internal mechanical field of a bone mimetic scaffold undergoing combinations of high and low compression and perfusion using multiphysics simulations. Simulations were conducted in advance of multimodal loading bioreactor experiments with bone metastatic breast cancer cells to ensure that mechanical stimuli occurring internally were physiological and anabolic. Our results show that mechanical stimuli throughout the scaffold were within the anabolic range of bone cells in all loading configurations, were homogenously distributed throughout, and that combined high magnitude compression and perfusion synergized to produce the largest wall shear stresses within the scaffold. These simulations, when combined with experiments, will shed light on how increased mechanical loading in the skeleton may confer anti‐tumorigenic effects during metastasis.
Learning from a situation of discomfort – a qualitative study of physiotherapy student practice in mental health

ABSTRACT Purpose This qualitative study aimed to explore how physiotherapy students learn during practice as physical activity mentors for mentally ill individuals. The practice took place in an everyday environment without the presence of a supervisor. Methods Information was collected through three focus group interviews with 16 students in their second year of study. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis, based on a sociocultural learning perspective. Results Three main categories summarize the students’ experiences. 1) Experimenting and adapting the activities. The students were challenged through communication and relationship-building, and they had to adapt the activities to the clients’ state of mind; 2) Experiencing clients breaking social and cultural codes. The students felt responsible for ensuring the clients did not draw unwanted attention to themselves, which forced them to explore creative solutions; and 3) Learning from situations of discomfort. The students learned from having to cope with unpredictable and embarrassing situations without a supervisor present. Conclusions Practice as physical activity mentors for mentally ill individuals can stimulate students’ learning through reflection in and on action. To avoid stigmatizing behaviors, process experiences and enhance learning, we suggest a frequent and standardized access to supervision.
One crop disease, how many pathogens? Podosphaera xanthii and Erysiphe vignae sp. nov. identified as the two species that cause powdery mildew of mungbean (Vigna radiata) and black gram (V. mungo) in Australia.

Powdery mildew is a significant threat to mungbean (Vigna radiata) and black gram (V. mungo) production across Australia and overseas. Despite being present in Australia for at least six decades, and being easily recognized in the field, the precise identification of the pathogens causing this disease has remained unclear. Our goal was to identify the powdery mildew species infecting mungbean, black gram, and wild mungbean (V. radiata ssp. sublobata) in Australia. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) sequences of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and/or morphology of 57 Australian specimens were examined. Mungbean and black gram were infected by two species: Podosphaera xanthii and a newly recognised taxon, Erysiphe vignae sp. nov. Wild mungbean was infected only with P. xanthii. Mungbean and black gram powdery mildew ITS sequences from China, India and Taiwan revealed the presence of only P. xanthii on these crops despite controversial reports of an Erysiphe species on both crops in India. Sequence analyses indicated that the closest relative of E. vignae is E. diffusa, which infects soybean (Glycine max) and other plants. Erysiphe vignae did not infect soybean in cross-inoculation tests. In turn, E. diffusa from soybean infected black gram and provoked hypersensitive response in mungbean. The recognition of a second species, E. vignae, as another causal agent of mungbean and black gram powdery mildew in Australia, may have implications for existing fungicide control measures and breeding.
Activation of the medial preoptic area (MPOA) ameliorates loss of maternal behavior in a Shank2 mouse model for autism

Impairments in social relationships and awareness are features observed in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Shank2 is a high‐confidence ASD candidate gene and localizes primarily to postsynaptic densities (PSDs) of excitatory synapses in the central nervous system (CNS). We show here that loss of Shank2 in mice leads to a lack of social attachment and bonding behavior towards pubs independent of hormonal, cognitive, or sensitive deficits. Shank2−/− mice display functional changes in nuclei of the social attachment circuit that were most prominent in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) of the hypothalamus. Selective enhancement of MPOA activity by DREADD technology re‐established social bonding behavior in Shank2−/− mice, providing evidence that the identified circuit might be crucial for explaining how social deficits in ASD can arise.
Combining alkylation and transalkylation for alkylaromatic production

The alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons with olefins is applied on a large scale in the chemical industry. The efficiency of these productions is highly improved performing alkylation combined with transalkylation, the latter allowing conversion of some low valued by-products such as polyalkylbenzenes into their monosubstituted homologues. The aim of this contribution is to summarize some examples of novel industrial processes, based on new catalysts that are environmentally friendly, for the production of ethylbenzene and cumene, two of the most important chemicals produced by alkylation/transalkylation.
Identification of clinically useful predictive genetic variants in pachyonychia congenita

Pachyonychia congenita (PC) refers to a group of autosomal dominant disorders caused by mutations in five keratin genes (KRT16,KRT6A,KRT17,KRT6B or KRT6C). Current disease classification is based on the gene harbouring disease‐causing variants.
Incidence and Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among persons aged 15-59: United States, 2018.

BACKGROUND Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) is a sexually transmitted parasite associated with multiple adverse outcomes in women. Estimating TV incidence is challenging due to its largely asymptomatic presentation. METHODS Per capita prevalence was estimated using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2018. Incidence was estimated using ordinary differential equations assuming static incidence at steady state and fit using Bayesian techniques. Model inputs included estimates of: proportion of asymptomatic cases, natural clearance, and time to symptomatic treatment seeking. Posterior distributions were drawn, and uncertainty reported, from 25th (Q1) to 75th (Q3) percentiles. Aggregated measures were estimated by combining component distributions. RESULTS Among 15-59 year-olds in 2018, the number of prevalent TV infections was 2.5 (Q1=2.4, Q3=2.7) million overall, 435,000 (Q1=382,000, Q3=492,000) among men, and 2.1 (Q1=2.0, Q3=2.2) million among women; the number of incident infections was 7.4 (Q1=6.6, Q3=8.3) million, 4.1 (Q1=3.5, Q3=4.9) million, and 3.2 (Q1=2.7, Q3=3.7) million among all persons, men, and women, respectively. Persons aged 15-24 years comprised 15.7% and 17.6% of all prevalent and incident infections, respectively; prevalence and incidence in both sexes increased with age. Incidence in both sexes were highly dependent upon estimates of natural clearance, which were based on little data. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence and incidence of TV are substantial in the United States, particularly among those aged ≥25 years. Though estimated prevalence is higher in women, estimated incidence is higher in men. Data on key parameters of TV infection are limited; future research should focus on clarifying the natural history of TV.
Cr2+:ZnSe laser for mid-IR remote sensing of atmospheric gases

This paper presents study results of the technical features of Cr2+:ZnSe laser, which performs differential absorption LIDAR measurements for atmospheric constituents and pollutants. Simulation of atmospheric optical depth was carried out using HITRAN2012 for a Cr2+:ZnSe laser spectral wavelength tunability range on the line-by-line basis. The best wavelengths pairs of λON and λOFF and suitable gases to be detected in DIAL measurements of several molecular species were chosen.
The efficacy of a lay health workers – led physical activity counselling program in patients with HIV and mental health problems: a real-world intervention from Uganda

ABSTRACT This study explored the efficacy of a lay health worker (LHW)-led physical activity (PA) counselling program for inactive patients with HIV/AIDS and mental health problems living in a Ugandan farming community. In total 49 (35 women) community patients (40.0 ± 11.2 years) followed an 8-week once weekly LHW-led PA counselling program based on a self-determination theory and motivational interviewing framework. Participants completed the Simple Physical Activity Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, HIV/AIDS Stress Scale and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2 (WHODAS 2) pre- and immediately post-intervention. Small, significant (P < 0.05) effect sizes were found for reductions in HIV/AIDS-related stress (Cohen’s d = 0.26) and in global disability (Cohen’s d = 0.46). Large effect sizes were observed for reductions in time spent sedentary (Cohen’s d = 1.97) and reductions in depressive (Cohen’s d = 2.04) and anxiety (Cohen’s d = 1.47) symptoms and increases in time spent active (Cohen’s d = 1.98). Greater decrease in sedentary time was associated with greater anxiety symptoms reduction (r = 0.32, P = 0.021). In physically inactive patients with HIV/AIDS and mental health problems, an LHW-led PA counselling program reduced stress, anxiety, depression and disability. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these preliminary positive findings.
Passive Sampler Exchange Kinetics in Large and Small Water Volumes Under Mixed Rate Control by Sorbent and Water Boundary Layer

Exchange kinetics of organic compounds between passive samplers and water can be partly or completely controlled by transport in the sorbent. In such cases diffusion models are needed. A model is discussed that is based on a series of cosines (space) and exponentials (time). The model applies to mixed rate control by sorbent and water boundary layer under conditions of fixed aqueous concentrations (open systems, infinite water volumes, in situ sampling) and fixed amounts (closed systems, finite water volumes, ex situ sampling). Details on the implementation of the model in computational software and spreadsheet programs are discussed, including numerical accuracy. Key parameters are Biot number (ratio of internal/external transfer resistance) and sorbent/water phase ratio. Small Biot numbers are always indicative of rate control by the water boundary layer, but for large Biot numbers this may still be the case over short time scales. Application to environmental monitoring of nonpolar compounds showed that diffusion models are rarely needed for sampling with commonly used single‐phase polymers. For determining sorption coefficients in batch incubations, the model demonstrated a profound effect of sorbent/water phase ratio on time to equilibrium. Application of the model to sampling of polar organic compounds by extraction disks with or without a membrane showed that moderate to major sorbent‐controlled kinetics is likely to occur. This implies that the use of sampling rate models for such samplers needs to be reconsidered. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1241–1254. © 2021 SETAC
HYDRODYNAMIC VS. FOCUSING RELAXATION IN ASYMMETRICAL FLOW FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION

Two different sample relaxation methods (focusing relaxation and hydrodynamic relaxation) in asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AFlFFF) are examined by using a conventional asymmetrical channel and a frit inlet asymmetrical channel. In this report, sample recovery using a protein standard is studied, comparing focusing relaxation and hydrodynamic relaxation process at various field strengths and outflow rate conditions. It is shown that a conventional AFlFFF channel provides a better resolution than a frit inlet asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (FI-AFlFFF) channel, with sample recoveries up to 80% under moderate field strength conditions. Focusing relaxation appears to provide flexibility in selecting high speed run conditions without losing resolution, since sample relaxation is expected to be achieved more completely than hydrodynamic relaxation. The FI-AFlFFF channel utilizing the hydrodynamic relaxation provides a relatively poor resolution and separation speed; however, it performs well under higher field strength conditions with higher sample recoveries than the conventional channel and it is remarkably convenient in system operation by using stopless flow sample injection method. The low separation speed can be overcome by a simple application of a field programming technique to FI-AFlFFF.
Positive risk management: Staff perspectives in acute mental health inpatient settings.

AIMS To explore inpatient staff's understanding and implementation of positive risk management. BACKGROUND Risk management is an essential skill for staff working in acute mental health inpatient settings. National policies advocate the use of positive risk management as a form of collaborative, recovery-focused risk management. However, little is known about how staff understand, operationalize, and use positive risk management in practice. DESIGN Qualitative reflexive thematic analysis study. METHODS The authors recruited a purposive sample of healthcare professionals working in acute inpatient settings (N = 16) in 2019 across three National Health Service Trusts in the North-West of England. Participants completed semi-structured interviews which were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS The analysis generated three themes: (a) within staff barriers; (b) within service user barriers; and (c) delivery in practice. CONCLUSION Understanding and implementation of positive risk management was dependant on multiple factors, including staffs' beliefs about mental health, levels of worry and anxiety, and amount of experience and seniority. Staff were more likely to use positive risk management with service users that they perceived as being trustworthy and less risky. Use of positive risk management was reliant on the support practitioners received, how able they were to view situations from multiple perspectives, and the degree to which they felt able to prioritize positive risk management. IMPACT Although staff expressed the desire and intention to practice positive risk management, the current study highlights challenges around operationalization and implementation. The authors discuss the clinical implications of the findings.
FREQUENCY OF DYSLIPIDEMIA IN OBESE VERSUS NON - OBESE IN RELATION TO BODY MASS INDEX (BMI), WAIST HIP RATIO (WHR) AND WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE (WC)

This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad, from March 2008 to August 2008. The two groups and total 200 subjects (100 in each group) attending medical out patient department were selected and their age, sex, BMI, WHR, WC and lipids profile were measured. Obese group included those who had high BMI (> 30), WHR (>1.0 for males and > 0.85 for females), and WC (>102 cm for males and >88 cm for females) and vice versa. The distribution of the lipid levels and the frequency of dyslipidemia were noted for both the groups. Obese subjects showed significant (p≤0.05) dyslipidemia. Thirty seven percent subjects had total cholesterol >200 mg/dl, 46% had high-density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol of 130 mg/dl and 51% had triglycerides (TG) >150 mg/dl, while non-obese group also showed significant dyslipidemia. On comparing the lipid profile between these two groups, the mean value of total cholesterol was not different significantly (P>0.05) while the mean values of total HDL cholesterol, total LDL cholesterol and TG in obese group were different significantly (P<0.05) between the groups. It may be concluded that dyslipidemia is strongly associated with obesity but presence of dyslipidemia in non-obese group emphasizes the need for routine health screening for preventive measure.
Effects of Action Observation Therapy with Limited Visual Attention on Walking Ability in Stroke Patients

Abstract In this study, we compared the effects of action observation therapy (AOT) on the walking ability of stroke patients between videos with limited visual attention (body part videos) and a video with the whole body (whole body video). We employed a crossover design and conducted 3 AOT sessions (body part videos, whole body video and a scenery video) for 11 stroke patients. The evaluation items were the 10-m walking time and number of steps, cadence, trunk and knee joint angles during walking, and the timed up and go test (TUGT). After body part videos, the 10-m walking time, trunk and knee joint angles and TUGT significantly improved, suggesting them to be an efficient AOT method.
Psychological Health of Surgeons in a Time of COVID-19

Objective: To assess the degree of psychological impact among surgical providers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Summary of Background Data: The COVID-19 pandemic has extensively impacted global healthcare systems. We hypothesized that the degree of psychological impact would be higher for surgical providers deployed for COVID-19 work, certain surgical specialties, and for those who knew of someone diagnosed with, or who died, of COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a global web-based survey to investigate the psychological impact of COVID-19. The primary outcomes were the depression anxiety stress scale-21 and Impact of Event Scale-Revised scores. Results: A total of 4283 participants from 101 countries responded. 32.8%, 30.8%, 25.9%, and 24.0% screened positive for depression, anxiety, stress, and PTSD respectively. Respondents who knew someone who died of COVID-19 were more likely to screen positive for depression, anxiety, stress, and PTSD (OR 1.3, 1.6, 1.4, 1.7 respectively, all P < 0.05). Respondents who knew of someone diagnosed with COVID-19 were more likely to screen positive for depression, stress, and PTSD (OR 1.2, 1.2, and 1.3 respectively, all P < 0.05). Surgical specialties that operated in the head and neck region had higher psychological distress among its surgeons. Deployment for COVID- 19-related work was not associated with increased psychological distress. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic may have a mental health legacy outlasting its course. The long-term impact of this ongoing traumatic event underscores the importance of longitudinal mental health care for healthcare personnel, with particular attention to those who know of someone diagnosed with, or who died of COVID-19.
The Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test Predicts Braak Stage

Background: The ultimate validation of a clinical marker for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is its association with AD neuropathology. Objective: To identify clinical measures that predict pathology, we evaluated the relationships of the picture version of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (pFCSRT + IR), the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), and the Clinical Dementia Rating scale Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) to Braak stage. Methods: 315 cases from the clinicopathologic series at the Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center were classified according to Braak stage. Boxplots of each predictor were compared to identify the earliest stage at which decline was observed and ordinal logistic regression was used to predict Braak stage. Results: Looking at the assessment closest to death, free recall scores were lower in individuals at Braak stage III versus Braak stages 0 and I (combined) while MMSE and CDR scores for individuals did not differ from Braak stages 0/I until Braak stage IV. The sum of free recall and total recall scores independently predicted Braak stage and had higher predictive validity than MMSE and CDR-SB in models including all three. Conclusion: pFCSRT + IR scores may be more sensitive to early pathological changes than either the CDR-SB or the MMSE.
Detection of a novel herpesvirus associated with squamous cell carcinoma in a free-ranging Blanding’s turtle

The spread of both infectious and noninfectious diseases through wildlife populations is of increasing concern. Neoplastic diseases are rarely associated with population-level impacts in wildlife; however, impacts on individual health can be severe and might reflect deteriorating environmental conditions. An adult male free-ranging Blanding’s turtle (Emydoidea blandingii) originally captured in 2005 and deemed healthy, was recaptured in 2018 with a 1 × 1.5 cm intra-oral broad-based right mandibular mass. An excisional biopsy was performed, and histopathology revealed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Consensus herpesvirus PCR identified a novel herpesvirus (proposed name Emydoidea herpesvirus 2 [EBHV-2]) within the tumor. EBHV-2 shares 85% sequence homology with Terrapene herpesvirus 2 (TerHV-2), a herpesvirus linked to fibropapillomas in eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina). Virus-associated fibropapillomas have been identified in multiple marine turtle species and have had debilitating effects on their populations, but to date, virus-associated SCCs are rarely reported.
Does Infant Orthopedics and Neonate Lip Surgery Influence the Occlusal Relationship in Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate (UCLP)?

Objective: To compare occlusal relationship in patients undergoing neonate versus conventional lip surgery (LS) with and without infant orthopedics (IO) by assessment of dental arch relationship in individuals with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Material and Methods: Three groups treated by different protocols; Group I: neonate LS (1-15 days) + IO and palatoplasty (13-31 months); Group II: LS (3-12 months) + IO and palatoplasty (15-35 months); and Group III: LS (3-6 months) without IO and palatoplasty (12-18 months). The 112 intraoral photographs of individuals of all groups, obtained between 6 and 12 years of age, were assessed by the occlusal index for intraoral photograph rating. The groups were compared by the χ2 test. The correlation between surgical timing and the scores was tested by the Spearman test (P < .05). Results: Group I presented the highest percentage of score 5, group II exhibited highest percentage of score 1, and group III presented the lowest percentage of score 5 according to the χ2 test (P = .029). The Spearman correlation test revealed statistically significant difference between timing of LS and the occlusal index. The earlier the surgical timing, the higher the occlusal index (P = .019). Conclusions: Infant orthopedics has demonstrated the possibility of postponing primary plastic surgeries. Patients submitted to late lip and palate repair had the best prognosis, while patients undergoing lip repair from 1 to 15 days of life, even operating the palate later, had the worst prognosis. Neonate LS negatively influenced the occlusal relationships.