Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
North American influence on atmospheric carbon dioxide data collected at Sable Island, Canada

Continuous and flask measurements of atmospheric CO2 taken at Sable Island from August 1992 to April 1993 are presented and characterised as a function of air mass origin. The atmospheric environment over Sable Island (43°56ʹN, 60°01ʹW) is continuously influenced by the complex meteorology of synoptic systems moving off North America. This makes the interpretation of the Sable Island CO2 data difficult. However, trajectory analysis shows distinct quantitative differences between the statistics of CO2 measurements associated with air masses from “North America” (regions of high anthropogenic and terrestrial biospheric fluxes associated with much of the United States and the southern half of Canada) and of those associated with air masses from the “Arctic/North Atlantic” (regions of few terrestrial fluxes and oceans associated with the northern half of Canada and the Atlantic Ocean). When the continuous CO2 data are segregated into these two trajectory sectors for the period of observation, air masses originating in the North American sector show a higher CO2 mixing ratio by ~2 ppm in winter and lower by ~3 ppm in summer, compared to air masses arriving from the other sector. Furthermore, the continuous Sable Island CO2 measurements show a detectable monthly mean (August/September) diurnal cycle with an amplitude of ~2 ppm, with a minimum occurring on average around noon local time. Given the timing of the observed diurnal minimum and the lack of vegetation on the island, this indicates that the diurnal pattern observed at Sable Island is a diffused remnant of diurnal cycles transported from the main North American continent. These characteristic details are not captured by the discrete flask sampling program on the island.
Comparative Study of Reproductive Traits in Gangetic Hairfin Anchovy, Setipinna phasa (Hamilton, 1822) from Estuarine and Freshwater Ecosystems

The Gangetic hairfin anchovy, Setipinna phasa (Hamilton, 1822) were collected from river Ganga (Kanpur) and Hooghly estuary (Kolkata) to study the comparative reproductive traits (sex ratio, spawning season, gonado-somatic index, fecundity and egg diameter). Female outnumbered the male in the population of river Ganga but it was non-significant in the population of the estuary. Five maturity stages were identified in males and females of the fish of both ecosystems. Occurrence of multimodal (immature, maturing and mature) and uni-modal (matured) type of ova in the ovary of the fish of Hooghly estuary and river Ganga respectively and the values of gonado-somatic index confirmed the double and single spawning in a year in the fish in estuary and river respectively. The absolute fecundity was found to be higher in the fish of river Ganga compared to that of the estuary (P < 0.05). Linear and positive correlations between fecundity and the total length, body weight, ovary length and ovary weight were noted in the fish of both ecosystems (R2 > 0.90). The present study provides the comparative account of the reproductive and spawning strategies of S. phasa for the first time in favour of the proper management and conservation of the fish.
ANTIDIABETIC POTENTIAL OF WHOLE PLANT OF PHYLLANTHUS NIRURI

The present study focused to study the antidiabetic activity of the whole plant of Phyllanthus niruri in validated animal models of diabetes. The crude powder, 95% ethanolic, 50% ethanolic and aqueous extracts of whole plant of Phyllanthus niruri leaves were orally administered to normoglycemic and streptozotocin (STZ)induced diabetic rats. 95% ethanolic extract showed marked improvement on oral glucose tolerance post sucrose load in normal rats and significantly lowered the fasting blood glucose level of STZinduced diabetic rats. Administration of 95% ethanolic extract showed marked antidyslipidemic effect on high fructose high fat diet fed Syrian golden hamsters. Further, the isolated fractions, the aqueous, nbutanol, chloroform, and hexane soluble fractions of 95% ethanolic extract of whole plants were investigated for their antihyperglycemic effect on STZ-induced diabetic rats. Of these, hexane fraction showed significant antihyperglycemic activity on STZ-induced diabetic rats at a single dose (100 mg/kg body weight). In a multiple dose study, hexane fraction when given to STZ-induced diabetic rats continuously for 30 days, the level of percent glycated hemoglobin (%HbA1c), blood glucose, hepatic and renal function markers were found towards normalization and improvement in serum insulin level and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were also observed. The marked improvements in OGTT and serum insulin levels were also seen in neonatally STZ-induced diabetic rats. The hexane fraction effectively increased the glucose uptake by L-6 myotubes and inhibited the activity
The Calcium-sensing Receptor Increases Activity of the Renal NaCl Cotransporter Through the WNK4-SPAK Pathway

Extracellular Ca 2+ inhibits NaCl reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of Henle’s loop (TALH) through the basolateral Calcium-sensing Receptor (CaSR) to induce hypercalciuria. CaSR is also expressed in the apical membrane of the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), were we hypothesized that it could play a role in activating NCC via the WNK4-SPAK pathway to prevent NaCl loss. Here we demonstrate, using a combination of in vitro and in vivo models that activation of CaSR leads to phosphorylation and concomitant activation of NCC. First, functional expression of NCC (thiazide-sensitive 22 Na + uptake) was assessed in Xenopus laevis oocytes where we found that NCC activity was increased in a WNK4-dependent manner when CaSR was activated with gadolinium. Second, in HEK293 cells, the calcimimetic R-568 stimulated SPAK phosphorylation only in the presence of WNK4. WNK4 inhibitor, WNK463, also prevented this effect. Furthermore, we found that CaSR activation leads to KLHL3 and WNK4 phosphorylation and consequently, increased WNK4 abundance and activity. Lastly, mice administered with R-568 showed NCC phosphorylation. Our results show that activation of CaSR can increase NCC activity via the WNK4-SPAK pathway. It is possible that activation of CaSR by Ca 2+ in the apical membrane of DCT increases NaCl reabsorption via NCC, with the consequent well known decrease of calcium reabsorption, further promoting hypercalciuria.
New RP - HPLC Method Development and validation for Analysis of Antiviral drug Raltegravir

A simple, rapid and precise reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the analysis of Raltegravir. Chromatographic separation of Raltegravir was performed by using a kromosil C18 column (250 x 4.6mm, 5 µm) as stationary phase with a mobile phase comprising of 0.01 M Ammonium di hydrogen phosphate: acetonitrile 50:50 (v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0ml/min and UV detection at 253nm. The linearity of Raltegravir is in the range of 1.0 mg/ml to 5.0 mg/ml. The limit of detection for Raltegravir was found to be 20 nano grams. The recovery was calculated by standard addition method. The proposed method was found to be accurate, precise and rapid for the analysis of Raltegravir.
Evolution of the gender of “COVID-19” in traditional and social media in the French of three continents

In this paper, we trace the evolution from February to June 2020 of the gender of the noun “COVID-19” in French with respect to two databases: first, a Twitter database of nearly 78,000 tweets and second, a database of traditional media of approximately 500,000 articles. Each database considers only gender-marked instances of the term “COVID-19,” and our corpora are tagged for geographical origin in order to compare and contrast varieties of French as spoken in three continents, namely Africa, (North) America and Europe. We find that American media comply categorically and immediately with the recommendations of the feminine by the World Health Organization and various local (Canadian) linguistic authorities in early March 2020. More than 50% of tweets in the American data follow suit soon after. African media is similar in that a large number of articles and tweets adopt the feminine, but only coinciding with the recommendation of the feminine by the Académie Française in early May 2020. Finally, we find negligible use of the feminine in the European data. We argue that several factors are likely at play in these results, namely, dialect-specific tendencies in loanword adaptation and the French gender system, the relationship between linguistic authorities and local media, public attitudes towards linguistic authority and the relative time of the recommendations made by these linguistic authorities.
Join, Stay or Go?

Online health communities (OHCs) have become important resources from which members can obtain social support. Since most benefits of OHCs are provided by its members, it is crucial that OHCs maintain a critical mass of active members. This paper examines temporal changes in members' participation in a cancer-orientedOHC, focusing on the changes in members' motivations and behavior as they transition from newcomers to other roles or when they ultimately leave the community. Our work used mixed methods, combining behavioral log analysis, automated content analysis, surveys and interviews. We found that shifts in members' motivations seemed to be driven by two sources: the internal dynamics common to becoming a member of most online communities and the external needs associated with their cancer journey. When members' disease-driven needs for support decreased, most members quit the site. The motivations of those who stayed shifted from receiving support to providing it to others in the community. As in many online communities, old-timers contributed the vast majority of content. However, they encountered challenges that threatened their commitment, including negative emotions related to other members' deaths, which led them to take leaves of absence from the community or to drop out permanently. Implications for the motivation changes ofOHC members are discussed.
Effect of molecular structure on the phase behaviour of some liquid crystalline compounds and their binary mixtures IV. Dependence of Tc on the anisotropy of the aryl-X of polarizability bond

Transition temperatures of binary mixtures of the two series, 4-hexadecyloxyphenyl-4- substituted benzoates (Ia-d) and 4-substituted phenyl-4-hexadecyloxybenzoates (IIa-d), have been determined on cooling and the phase diagrams compared with those previously obtained on heating. Tc values for the monotropes and the non-LC analogues have been evaluated by extrapolation. Examination of both series revealed that the square root of Tc is related to the polarizability anisotropy, Delta alphaX, of the CAr-X bond, except for the methoxy derivatives.
Role of substrate in the pseudomorphic stabilization of rocksalt-type AlN phase in AlN/TiN superlattices

The nonequilibrium B1 (rocksalt-type) AlN phase was successfully stabilized in stress-free AlN/TiN superlattices prepared by room-temperature pulsed laser deposition on thin film amorphous carbon substrates. The coatings displayed the same properties as reported for multilayers grown on thick crystalline substrates; namely, the existence of a critical thickness of AlN (about 1 nm for the present study) below which AlN crystallizes in the B1–AlN phase. Exceeding this value lead to AlN crystallization in its equilibrium hexagonal wurtzite-type structure, accompanied by considerable degradation of coating crystallinity due to the loss of coherent epitaxial growth of alternating TiN and AlN layers in the coating. It is concluded that neither an orientational effect of the substrate nor its stress-sustaining ability is required to provide a pseudomorphic stabilization of the nonequilibrium B1–AlN phase in AlN/TiN multilayered coatings.
vCNN: Verifiable Convolutional Neural Network Based on zk-SNARKs

—With the development of AI systems, services using them expand to various applications. The widespread adoption of AI systems relies substantially on the ability to trust their output. Therefore, it is becoming important for a client to be able to check whether the AI inference services have been correctly calculated. Since the weight value in a CNN model is an asset of service providers, the client should be able to check the correctness of the result without the weight value. Furthermore, when the result is checked by a third party, it should be possible to verify the correctness even without the user’s input data. Fortunately, zero-knowledge Succinct Non-interactive ARguments of Knowledge (zk-SNARKs) allow to verify the result without input and weight values. However, the proving time in zk-SNARKs is too slow to be applied to real AI applications. This paper proposes a new efﬁcient veriﬁable convolutional neural network (vCNN) framework which accelerates the proving performance tremendously. To increase the proving performance, we propose a new efﬁcient relation representation for convolution equations. While the proving complexity of convolution is O ( ln ) in the existing zk-SNARK approaches, it reduces to O ( l + n ) in the proposed approach where l and n denote the size of kernel and the data in CNNs. Experimental results show that the proposed vCNN improves prove performance by 20 fold for a simple MNIST and 18000 fold for VGG16. The security of the proposed scheme is proven formally.
Versatile injectable supramolecular hydrogels containing drug loaded micelles for delivery of various drugs

In this study, a novel glycol chitosan-Pluronic F127 conjugate (GC-PF127) was produced by adding a carboxyl group to the end of Pluronic F127 followed by an amidation reaction between carboxylated Pluronic F127 and glycol chitosan. Because of the hydrophobic aggregation of PPO segments in Pluronic F127, GC-PF127 self-assembles into micelles in aqueous solution at room temperature. The micelles can effectively load amphiphilic doxorubicin (DOX) and partly load negatively charged protein superoxide dismutase (SOD) at neutral pH with different mechanisms, but cannot load hydrophilic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The respective DOX/GC-PF127, SOD/GC-PF127, and 5-FU/GC-PF127 micelle solutions can be converted to injectable supramolecular hydrogels by addition of α-CD. The strength and dissociation rate of the hydrogels can be tuned by the α-CD concentration. The hydrogel structure can recover immediately after extrusion of the hydrogel using a syringe. The hydrogels have prolonged and almost linear release behaviours for various drugs. The hydrogels release free drugs as well as drug loaded micelles via the dissociation of the hydrogels under physiological conditions, which may enhance the targeting ability and therapeutic efficiency. The released micelles sequentially release free drugs that further prolong the release of the drugs. GC-PF127 hydrogels are versatile injectable hydrogels which can deliver various drugs.
Stability of Tetragonal ZrO2 Particles in Ceramic Matrices

The stability of tetragonal ZrO2 particles in ceramic matrices was considered, with particular reference to Al2O3-ZrO2 composites and to partially stabilized ZrO2. In both systems, particles above a “critical” size transform martensitically to monoclinic symmetry on cooling to room temperature. The critical factors that could affect the size dependence of the transformation temperature—surface and strain energy effects, the chemical free energy driving force, and the difficulty of nucleating the martensitic transformation—were considered. Nucleation arguments are probably the most important.
Approximate Self-Consistent Molecular Orbital Theory I S-P Separation Model Modification of CNDO-MO

A newly developed approximate self-consistent molecular orbital formulation, so called: ‘s–p separation model CNDO-MO method’, is proposed. The Pariser Parr1) and Nishimoto Mataga2) approximations are separately applied to the ns and np (n=l to 3) AO's. The MO's of both closed and open shell cases are formulated. It seems to be a good method for molecular structure interpretation for both polar and nonpolar compounds.
Rheological and Thermodynamical Behavior of Styrene/Butadiene Rubber‐Organoclay Nanocomposites

Organophilic layered silicate (montmorillonite type) was added up to 10 phr to a styrene/butadiene rubber (SBR) cured by an efficient vulcanization system. The compounds were characterized in respect to their curing, rheological and mechanical properties. In addition, attempt was made to consider some thermodynamical aspects of the resulting network. The crosslink density, assessed by the Flory-Rehner equation, increased with increasing organoclay content. This was traced to the accelerator role of the amine functionality of the trialkylamine intercalant used. The pronounced structural viscosity (i. e. viscosity decrease as a function of shear rate) and high elongation at break of the compounds caused by the incorporation of organoclay were opposed to the enhanced crosslinking and reinforcing effect of the clay supposed to be exfoliated. To solve the above contradiction a model was proposed according to which the silicate layers are intercalated/exfoliated and encapsulated by a highly crosslinked rubber layer and these “rubberized” platelets are embedded in the lightly crosslinked bulk.
Attachment of Fecal Indicator Bacteria to Particles in the Neuse River Estuary, N.C.

Observations of microbial contamination and particle suspensions represent valuable inputs to water quality models that form the basis of regulatory decisions regarding the use of surface waters. The Neuse River Estuary in eastern North Carolina is experiencing a decline in water quality due to increasing anthropogenic inputs. Potentially serious consequences of these inputs are the introduction and persistence of bacterial pathogenic organisms from human and animal waste. A critical factor in determining human health risk is the partitioning of these organisms between particle-attached and free-living cells in the water column. Particle-associated bacteria are generally less mobile in the environment, settle faster, and may have different rates of mortality than their free phase counterparts. Surface and bottom water samples were collected during both dry weather and storm events throughout the summer of 2004 to gage changes in particle concentration, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, and the part.
A prospective observational cohort study

Postsurgical patients usually have difficulty in answering the self-report pain scales due to the residual effects of anesthetic or sedative agents in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). A comparative analysis of pain assessment tools used in the PACU is lacking. In this prospective observational study, we compared the intensity of pain using the 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS) and the 4category verbal rating scale (VRS) thrice, 5 minutes after PACU admission, 20 minutes after the first assessment, and just before discharge from the PACU in 200 patients undergone surgery. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between 2 scales, and the weighted kappa (k) coefficient was performed to evaluate inter-scale reliability. Response rates of the 2 scales were also compared. VRS and NRS were highly correlated during all 3 comparisons (r=0.767, 0.714, and 0.653, respectively; P< .0001). Each category of VRS showed a statistically significant difference in pain intensity measured by NRS during all 3 assessments. Inter-scale reliability had a fair strength of agreement for all 3 measurements (weighted k=0.519, 95% CI: 0.421–0.618; weighted k=0.511, 95% C.I: 0.409–0.613; weighted k=0.452, 95% C.I: 0.352–0.551, respectively). VRS showed a higher response rate for PACU patients compared to NRS in all 3 measurements (96% vs 77.5%, 99% vs 81.5%, and 96.5% vs 86.5%, respectively; P< .0001). In the PACU, VRS is a reasonable and practical pain intensity measurement tool for postsurgical patients, considering the high correlation between VRS and NRS, and a higher response rate. Abbreviations: IV-PCA = intravenous patient-controlled analgesia, NRS = numeric rating scale, PACU = post-anesthesia care unit, VAS = visual analog scale, VRS = verbal rating scale.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Wound Complications after a Caesarean Section in Obese Women

(1) Background: Caesarean sections in obese patients are associated with an increased risk of surgical wound complications, including hematomas, seromas, abscesses, dehiscence, and surgical site infections. The aim of the present study is to perform a meta-analysis and systematic review of the current literature focusing on the strategies available to decrease wound complications in this population. (2) Methods: We reviewed the data available from the PubMed and the Science Direct databases concerning wound complications after caesarean sections in obese women. The following key words were used: “caesarean section”, “cesarean section”, “wound complication”, “wound morbidity”, and “wound infection”. A total of 540 papers were retrieved, 40 of which were selected for the final systematic review and whereas 21 articles provided data for meta-analysis. (3) Results: The conducted meta-analyses revealed that the use of prophylactic drainage does not increase the risk of wound complications in obese women after a caesarean sections (pooled OR = 1.32; 95% CI 0.64–2.70, p = 0.45) and that vertical skin incisions increase wound complications (pooled OR = 2.48; 95% CI 1.85–3.32, p < 0.01) in obese women, including extremely obese women. (4) Conclusions: Subcutaneous drainage does not reduce the risk of a wound complications, wound infections, and fever in obese women after caesarean sections. Negative prophylactic pressure wound therapy (NPWT) may reduce the risk of surgical site infections. The evidence of using a prophylactic dose of an antibiotic before the caesarean section is still lacking.
Effect of SGLT inhibitors on weight and lipid metabolism at 24 weeks of treatment in patients with diabetes mellitus

Abstract Background: The goals of improving quality of life and increasing longevity are receiving growing amounts of attention. Body weight and lipid metabolism are closely related to various complications of diabetes. The aim of this study was to rank SGLT inhibitors according to their efficacy with regard to weight and evaluate the effect of SGLT inhibitors on lipid metabolism at 24 weeks of treatment. Methods: The Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Clinical Trials databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials involving patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus through June 2020. Two researchers independently screened and evaluated the selected studies and extracted the outcome indexes. ADDIS 1.16. 5 and STATA 16 software were used to perform the network meta-analysis and draw the plots. Results: Ultimately, 36 studies were selected and included in this study. We found that all SGLT inhibitors were effective at reducing weight; canagliflozin was the most effective. SGLT inhibitors and placebo were not associated with significantly different serum cholesterol levels. SGLT inhibitors lowered serum triglyceride levels and increased serum high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. SGLT inhibitors also reduced the level of alanine aminotransferase. Conclusions: SGLT inhibitors can bring about weight loss in patients with T2DM and can also improve lipid metabolism. Therefore, patients with hyperlipidemia who have been unsuccessful at losing weight should consider taking SGLT inhibitors. In addition, SGLT inhibitors are hepatoprotective and appear to be safe for patients with mild to moderate liver dysfunction. Trial Registration: CRD42020198516.