Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting the application of scientific knowledge in a STEAM contest: the correlates between collective efficacy, cohesiveness, and prosociality

ABSTRACT Background The linkage between group members’ characteristics, group cohesiveness, knowledge application, and competitive performance has rarely been studied. Purpose This study aimed to explore the correlations among individual characteristics (i.e. prosociality), collective mind (i.e. collective efficacy and cohesiveness), and how these variables affect scientific knowledge application. Sample This study examined a STEAM (science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics) competition, called the GreenMech contest, which required four members in a group to assemble all parts into many configurations for a ball to run and trigger the next junctures. Design and methods The competition groups assembled their configurations in the morning, with judges assessing their efforts in the afternoon. The bulk of the scoring index in the assessment focused on groups’ scientific knowledge application in the overall design. In addition to this assessment, this study additionally used questionnaire surveys for participants to self-rate their perceptions of those individual traits and collective states. Results Prosociality is positively related to collective efficacy and cohesiveness, while collective efficacy is positively related to cohesiveness. Moreover, these two types of collective mind were both positively related to the application of scientific knowledge. Conclusion The findings suggest that team members with a higher level of prosociality may provide collective efficacy and cohesiveness, which in turn can facilitate their achievement of competition goals by increasing their application of scientific knowledge in a STEAM contest.
Examination of the binary system Al
 2
 O
 3
 ‐ZrO
 2
 by aero acoustic levitation melting

Al 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 composites exhibit excellent mechanical and high-temperature properties. The solidification of various hypoeutectic compositions has been studied by means of aero-acoustic levitation. A high-speed camera recorded the crystallization, to the correlation of the video stills with the observed microstructures. Solidification takes place by formation of several nuclei and subsequent growth. Nuclei are formed in the supercooled melt, entailing to a fine-grained, simultaneously solidified structure. The remaining melt between the growing nuclei is heated due to recalescence leading to primary precipitation of zirconia, followed by eutectic solidification. A consistent behavior is presented to explain the observed microstructures. Additionally, samples between 40 and 50 mol% ZrO 2 exhibit lamellar areas, which exceed the initial zirconia composition. The observed microstructure strongly indicates the existence of a liquid miscibility gap.
El Niño–Global Atmospheric Oscillation as the Main Mode of Interannual Climate Variability

The interannual variability of the global mean monthly anomalies of near-surface air temperature, sea-level pressure, wind speed near the surface, amount of precipitation and total cloudiness was investigated. The amplitudes of the anomalies of these hydrometeorological characteristics between opposite phases of the Global Atmospheric Oscillation (GAO) were calculated. The regional element of the GAO in the tropics of the Indian and Pacific Oceans is the Southern Oscillation. The results show that the oscillations of these characteristics are associated with the GAO not only in the tropical belt of the Earth but also in the middle and high latitudes, especially in the Arctic and northern Eurasia. The physical mechanism by which the transition of the GAO from the negative to the positive phase influences the weakening of the Pacific trade winds, and, as a consequence, the onset of El Niño is described.
The “Inside-outside” Sign

We describe a radiological sign, “inside-outside sign,” observed during the cannulation of an expandable contrast-filled tubular structure in the human body. In this optical illusion, a catheter or guidewire appears to be outside the lumen when it is inside the lumen in reality. Knowing this rare optical illusion is essential to avoid mistaking it for a catheter or guidewire outside the lumen.
A comparative study between PID and PD-SMC and PD-ASMC control applied on a delta robot

This paper presents the modelling and control of a delta robot. The software SOLIDWORKS is used in this work to get a performing model that is very close to real system. The proportional integrator derivative (PID) control is used in this proposal. The results are compared with PDSliding mode (PD-SMC) and PD a robust SMC (PD-ASMC). This is an important comparative study where the advantages of each controller are presented: the PD-SMC improve the performance of the trajectory tracking, where the control signal performances and the robustness was improved by the PD-ASMC. Results presented are done with matlab-simulink and with Solidworks. Streszczenie. Atykuł przedstawia modelowanie i sterowanie robotem delta. Oprogramowanie SOLIDWORKS jest używane w tej pracy do uzyskania wydajnego modelu, który jest bardzo bliski rzeczywistemu systemowi. tak jak będziemy wyniki porównywane pomiędzy kontrolerami PID i (PD-SMC) i (PD-ASMC). Jest to ważne badanie porównawcze, w którym przedstawione są zalety każdego sterownika: PD-SMC poprawia wydajność śledzenia trajektorii, gdzie wydajność sygnału sterującego i odporność zostały ulepszone przez PD-ASMC. Przedstawione wyniki zostały wykonane za pomocą matlab-simulink oraz Solidworks. (Badanie porównawcze sterowania PID i PD-SMC oraz PD-ASMC w robocie delta)
Trade-off Analysis of Energy Storage Systems for Helicopter Landing Gear Electromechanical Actuator

The aerospace industry is rapidly changing towards more electric aircraft initiative, trying to alleviate pollution problems and obey the authority bodies' strict rules. Not only should aircraft comply with this initiative but also helicopters (i.e., rotorcrafts), such as the substitution of hydraulic actuators of helicopter landing gear with electromechanical one. Even though this change is a significant step towards full electrification, the next phase would be integrating electromechanical actuators with local energy storage systems resulting in a complete zero-emission actuation. This possibility is rarely investigated in the literature. This paper analyses various electrochemical energy storage devices as an energy source for helicopter landing gear retraction/extension actuation. Lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitor and lithium-ion capacitors are selected as choices for this peculiar application. The trade-off study results show that the best option in terms of weight is storage composed of lithium-ion capacitors. In contrast, if the number of extensions and retractions is of the primary concern, the high energy lithium-ion batteries are a preferable choice.
A Sensitivity-Based Three-Phase Weather-Dependent Power Flow Algorithm for Networks with Local Controllers—Part I: Algorithm Development

Local voltage controllers (LVCs) are important components of a modern distribution system for regulating the voltage within permissible limits. This manuscript presents a sensitivity-based three-phase weather-dependent power flow algorithm for distribution networks with LVCs. This Part I presents the theoretical development of the proposed algorithm, which has four distinct characteristics: a) it considers the three-phase unbalanced nature of distribution systems, b) the operating state of LVCs is calculated using sensitivity parameters, which accelerates the convergence speed of the algorithm, c) it considers the precise switching sequence of LVCs based on their reaction time delays, and d) the nonlinear influence of weather variations in the power flow is also taken into consideration. Simulations and validation results presented in Part II indicate that the proposed approach outperforms other existing algorithms with respect to the accuracy and speed of convergence, thus making it a promising power flow tool for accurate distribution system analysis.
Anti-bacterial Effect of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Onion, Garlic and Cinnamon on Xanthomonas Species

Onion (Allium cepa), garlic (Allium sativum) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) are edible herbs but they contain many chemicals which can be used as medicine. These herbs also contain many antibiotic molecules that are capable to inhibit or reduce growth of many types of microbes including bacteria. Due to the development of resistance of bacteria against synthetic antibiotic now there is a need to have natural antibiotic which must be harmless, cheap and easily available. To know the effectiveness of garlic, onion, and cinnamon on disease causing bacteria such as Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, extracts of each sample was made in water and ethanol. Antibacterial potential of plant extracts was observed at two different stages: at the time of inoculation and after growth of pathogen on media. Results showed extracts applied on all the bacteria before growth inhibited maximum bacterial growth as compared to applied after growth. Moreover, cinnamon extract in ethanol effectively control bacterial growth than onion and garlic extracts. Maximum inhibition zone was shown by ethanolic extract of cinnamon before growth of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (7.333 mm), Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum (7.83 mm) and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (5.1 mm). After 24 hours, maximum growth of Xanthomonas oryzae and Xanthomonas axonopodis was inhibited by ethanolic extracts of cinnamon (2.82 and 3.35 mm, respectively) while Xanthomonas campestris was inhibited by ethanolic extract of onion (6.55 mm). Extract diluted from 66mg/ml to 0.01mg/ml showed different minimum inhibitory concentration against pathogens. As concentration decreases inhibition of bacteria also decreases. Ethanolic extracts of cinnamon showed maximum MIC against Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum (3.5 mm to 1.5 mm) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (5 mm to 2 mm) while for Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri ethanolic extract of garlic (3 mm to 1 mm) was effective ranging between 66mg/ml to 33 mg/ml. This study highlighted that natural products possess ability to inhibit pathogenic bacterial growth and would also be helpful in medicinal field for further study.
Solving the Problem of Target k-Coverage in WSNs Using Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm

The purpose of the present research was to introduce an algorithm to solve the coverage problem in wireless multimedia networks that can be used to optimize energy consumption and network lifetime. In this regard, the problem of target k-coverage in WSNs was solved by dividing the environment into the proportional area and random selection. This can be done using a fuzzy clustering algorithm. It is worth noting that the results of the proposed algorithm were compared with previous methods such as genetic and annealing algorithm. The simulation results and comparison with other algorithms show a 27% superiority of the proposed algorithm. It is hoped that this method can be used in networks with larger dimensions in the future
Recombination of Poly(Acrylic Acid) Radicals in Acidic Aqueous Solutions: A Pulse Radiolysis Study

Carbon-centered radicals have been randomly generated on the chains of poly(acrylic acid), PAA, the simplest synthetic anionic polyelectrolyte, by pulse-irradiating its dilute, oxygen-free aqueous solutions by 6 MeV electron beam. In some experiments, oligo(acrylic acid), OAA, and propionic acid, PA, were used as PAA models. Recombination kinetics of PAA radicals has been followed by fast spectrophotometry. A strong pH dependence of radical lifetime on pH, and thus on the linear charge density due to deprotonated carboxylate groups, has been confirmed, while a weaker amplitude of pH dependence was observed for OAA and PA. Decay kinetics of PAA radicals in the protonated state, at pH 2, have been studied in some detail. At moderate doses of ionizing radiation, resulting in a moderate average initial number of radicals per chain, ZR0, the decay can be satisfactorily described by a second-order kinetic model, but a somewhat better fit is obtained by using a dispersive kinetics approach. While for a constant polymer concentration the reciprocal half-lives are proportional to the initial radical concentrations, such a data series for different PAA concentrations do not overlap, indicating that the overall radical concentration is not the decisive factor controlling the kinetics. Arranging all data, in the form of second-order rate constants, as a function of the average initial number of radicals per chain allows one to obtain a common dependence. The latter seems to consist of two parts: a horizontal one at low ZR0 and another one of positive slope at higher ZR0. This is interpreted as two kinetic regimes where two distinct reactions dominate, intermolecular and intramolecular recombination, respectively. Comparison of the low ZR0 data with calculations based on the translational diffusion model indicate that the latter is not the rate-controlling process in intermolecular recombination of polymer radicals; segmental diffusion is the more likely candidate.
College entrance examination voluntary filing system Based on Big Data

The university entrance exam to college relates to whether the candidates can be accepted and if you can admit to the satisfaction of the colleges and universities and professional, it is a complex process, the examinee scores, colleges and universities should be considered, family situation and other factors. Examinees and parents attach great importance to the college entrance examination volunteer to grasp its pulse. The university entrance exam to college guidance system based on business intelligence, using SSH framework, using the enrollment data mining system, analysis of the existence of college entrance examination to college objective law and the potential factors, tailored for candidates relevant filled guidance, the greatest degree to reduce the examinee variables that exist in the college. 1
Simulating Realistic Human Motion Trajectories of Mid-Air Gesture Typing

The eventual success of many AR and VR intelligent interactive systems relies on the ability to collect user motion data at large scale. Realistic simulation of human motion trajectories is a potential solution to this problem. Simulated user motion data can facilitate prototyping and speed up the design process. There are also potential benefits in augmenting training data for deep learning-based AR/VR applications to improve performance. However, the generation of realistic motion data is nontrivial. In this paper, we examine the specific challenge of simulating index finger movement data to inform mid-air gesture keyboard design. The mid-air gesture keyboard is deployed on an optical see-through display that allows the user to enter text by articulating word gesture patterns with their physical index finger in the vicinity of a visualized keyboard layout. We propose and compare four different approaches to simulating this type of motion data, including a Jerk-Minimization model, a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)-based generative model, and a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based model with two modes: style transfer and data alteration. We also introduce a procedure for validating the quality of the generated trajectories in terms of realism and diversity. The GAN-based model shows significant potential for generating synthetic motion trajectories to facilitate design and deep learning for advanced gesture keyboards deployed in AR and VR.
Ultra-compact optical switch based on Sb2Se3-assisted PhC-like subwavelength structures

Ultra-compact optical switch is a crucial module for densely integrated on-chip network. In recent years phase-change materials (PCMs) enable design of ultra-compact reconfigurable devices due to their drastic refractive index change during phase transition. In this work we inverse design a photonic-crystal-like (PhC-like) subwavelength optical switch assisted by novel ultralow loss PCM: Sb2Se3. At amorphous state the refractive index of Sb2Se3 is similar to that of silicon, so the device work as a MMI and light outputs at output port 2. At crystalline state the refractive index of Sb2Se3 increases to 4.05 and the subwavelength structure guides light to output port 1. The proposed switch has a compact footprint of 2.75 × 16 μm2. At the center wavelength of 1550nm, the simulated insertion losses and crosstalks are 0.36 dB, -44.36 dB, 0.49 dB, and -40.37 dB under amorphous and crystalline states respectively.
Comparison of Ultrasound Features With Maximum Standardized Uptake Value Assessed by 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for Prognosis of Estrogen Receptor+/Human Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor 2− Breast Cancer

Abstract estrogen receptor (ER)+/human epithelial growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)− breast cancers have less aggressive traits and a favorable prognosis when treated early. Prediction of prognosis for treatment outcome or survival in ER+/HER2− cancer is important. Ultrasound (US) is an effective and easy technique for breast cancer diagnosis and tumor characterization. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is widely used for diagnosis, staging, and therapeutic response in cancer evaluation, and a high maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) is associated with poor prognosis. The study aim was to compare the prognostic value of US features with that of the SUVmax assessed by PET/CT in ER+/HER− breast cancer patients. We retrospectively identified breast cancer patients in our institutional database who had undergone preoperative US and PET/CT, and 96 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ were included in this study. The US features of mass shape, margin, echo pattern, orientation, posterior features, boundary, and calcification in the mass were analyzed. We then analyzed the US features to look for correlations with SUVmax and associations with margins, boundaries, posterior features, histological grade, and ki-67 expression. High SUVmax was correlated with irregular shape, not-circumscribed margin, posterior acoustic enhancement, echogenic halo, and calcification in the mass (P < 0.05, all). Posterior acoustic enhancement was correlated with high ki-67 expression. Many US features of ER+/HER− breast cancer showed associations with SUVmax. Some US features of ER+/HER− breast cancer were useful for predicting prognosis.
Socioeconomic Factors Associated With the Risk and Prevalence of Dental Caries and Dental Treatment Trends in Children: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) Data, 2016-2019

Introduction In the United States of America, early childhood caries (ECC) is the most common chronic childhood disease of early onset, with dental caries being the most prevalent chronic disease among children aged 6-19 years. Children without an established medical home, from low-income households, and who are uninsured have historically shown to be prone to dental caries and attribute to higher health care costs. Early recognition of these risk factors by a pediatrician helps prevent the development of medical and psychosocial complications in the child. Methods The cross-sectional data of the prevalence of dental caries and dental treatment trends in children and three socioeconomic risk factors, namely establishment of a medical home, household income, and child’s health insurance, were accessed from the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) for the years 2016-2019. The association of the risk factors with the prevalence of dental caries and with the prevalence of dental treatment were analyzed using two-sample proportion tests and chi-square (χ2) tests for dichotomous categorical variables and non-dichotomous categorical variables, respectively. Standardized residuals were calculated and analyzed as well. Furthermore, the odds ratios were calculated and utilized to quantify the influence of each category on the highly associated category with having teeth decay and not receiving dental treatment under each socioeconomic risk factor. Results The results of this study revealed that the three socioeconomic factors considered have statistically significant associations with tooth decay and dental treatment. The prevalence and associative risk of tooth decay and untreated caries were the highest in the children without a medical home. Additionally, the odds of having tooth decay was >50% higher for the children from the lowest household income category (0-99% federal poverty level [FPL]) compared to those from the high household income categories (200-399% FPL and >400% FPL). Public insurance coverage was associated with the highest prevalence of dental caries and not receiving fluoride treatment. Furthermore, the likelihood of not availing dental treatment is nearly two times or more higher for the uninsured children than children having public insurance, or private insurance, or a combination of both. Conclusion Our study findings reveal that children belonging to certain socioeconomic risk categories are at a higher risk of developing dental caries and not receiving dental treatment. As a consequence, the study implies that increased support and expansion of public health insurance will benefit oral health care for the children. Pediatricians play an integral part in developing a medical home for the child by providing preventative dental care and establishing continued care through dental referrals.
Highly Reliable Yarn-Type Supercapacitor Using Conductive Silk Yarns with Multilayered Active Materials

ABSTRACT The fibrous supercapacitor is a promising candidate for wearable energy-storage systems due to excellent mechanical reliability under deformation. In this study, a mechanically reliable fibrous supercapacitor with high volumetric power density and energy density was developed using fiber electrodes composed of multilayered active materials coated on silk yarns. The conductive silk yarn electrodes are fabricated via a sequential dip-coating process of silver nanowires, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT, three to seven walls), and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). The composite-coated silk yarn electrodes were stable under cyclic bending as well as under washing in water. Due to the synergetic effect of the three conducting materials, an excellent electrochemical performance was obtained resulting in high volumetric energy and power densities of 8–13 mWh cm−3 and 8–19 W cm−3, respectively. A yarn-type supercapacitor was demonstrated by integrating composite-coated silk yarn electrodes with a hydrogel electrolyte, showing a promising stability as evidenced by the retention of over 94% and 93% of the specific capacitance after 90-degree bending and stretching.