Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assesment of Postoperative Complications In Elective Major Abdominal Surgeries By Clavein-Dindo Classification System In The Indian Hospital Setting.

Complications occur in every surgical department, there is no surgery without any complication.So surgical complications need to be classified and evaluated. When a new surgical procedure is introduced or when several surgical approaches exists for one procedure, there is a need to compare outcomes and complication for each specific approach in a sound and reproducible way. A new classification was initiated by Clavien and dindo which has been updated regularly. This classification is based on the type of therapy needed to correct the complication. The principle of the classification was to be simple, reproducible and applicable irrespective of the cultutral background. The aim of our current study is to critically evaluate this classification and to correlate the classification grades in each patient and each procedure and test the easy usability in the Indian hospital setting. So, Clavien-Dindo classification is the simplest way of reporting all complications. It allows us to distinguish between a normal postoperative course from any deviation and the severity of the complication and it may be useful for comparing postoperative morbidity in each patients. Our main aim of study is to test the usefullness of Clavien-Dindo classification in patient undergoing the abdominal surgery. A total of 100 cases diagnosed as abdominal pathology admitted in general surgical ward of JSS Hospital which required elective laparotomy were studied. This evaluation provides strong evidence that the classification is valid and applicable worldwide in many fields of surgery. No modification in the general principle of classification is warranted in view of its use in ongoing publications and trials. This classification system helps in the exact analysis of each and every individual surgical postoperative complication by grading the complications and hence ,lowering the occurrence of similar complications in the future surgical work
Does Country-of-Origin Marketing Matter?

Firms often display product information on their front-of-package labels, with some firms going as far as to make deceptive claims. We study the impact of the “Made in USA�? claim - a disclosure not legally required on consumer-packaged goods and yet a claim highlighted by many firms, sometimes deceptively, - on consumer demand. Leveraging the FTC’s investigation of four brands that resulted in removal of the claim from product packages, we study the impact such removal had on sales. We find a decline in demand following the removal of the “Made in USA�? claim. Second, to ensure complete exogeneous variation, we conduct a field experiment on eBay, where we run over 900 auctions, varying only whether or not a product contains this country-of-origin information. We find consumers are willing to pay 28% more for the product when marketed as “Made in USA. �? The experiments alongside observational data allow us to rationalize firms’ incentives in making deceptive country-of-origin claims.
A Game Approach to Distributed Robust Optimal Filtering With Consensus Through Multiple Sensors: Theory and Application

This article addresses the problem of distributed state estimation on the infinite-time horizon for discrete-time systems with multiple sensors. The desired filter, referred to as distributed $\mathcal {H}_\infty$ Gaussian filter, reaching a tradeoff between optimality and robustness, constructs a local estimate based on its own observation and on those collected from its neighbors. A Nash game approach is used to deal with such a multiobjective distributed filtering problem, and causal bounded Nash equilibrium strategies, consisting of the optimal filter gains and the corresponding worst-case disturbance signals, are analytically conducted based on solutions to a set of cross-coupled algebraic Riccati equations. Moreover, to further improve the cohesiveness among local estimates, additional consensus objective is taken into consideration by exchanging prior estimates among neighboring nodes. A choice of the consensus term, with which the error dynamics are shown to be internally stable, is derived via a numerically tractable and efficient method. Finally, an application to speed monitoring through wireless sensor network is included to show the validity of the presented results.
SVILUPPO DELL'INDICE DI BENESSERE SDIB PER BOVINE DA LATTE FINALIZZATO ALL'OTTIMIZZAZIONE DEGLI ALLEVAMENTI

The overview of Animal Welfare (AW) assessment systems shows that it is based on multiple direct and indirect indicators, but for all systems examined, there is never the possibility of confirming the welfare estimate with objective and independent reference methods. Even though the various systems want to estimate an objective data of animal welfare, they respond to specific social categories: public opinion (e.g., Welfare Quality), administrative policy (e.g., IBA), breeders (e.g., FARM, IBS and SDIB), consumers (FARM, Welfare Quality). At the moment, there is no truly holistic system; in relation to the main need to satisfy, there is a tendency to simplify the evaluation by omitting some significant aspects. The general aim of this research activity was to evolve an animal welfare evaluation system (SDIB model), that has been carried out at the DIANA Department of Piacenza. Firstly, this system is suggested for farms as a tool for innovation of the livestock enterprise, but in full compliance with the regulations, social sensitivity, and ethical requirements. The main objective was to develop a software, called IDEAL, dedicated to the SDIB evaluation model. The possible redundancy of the welfare indicators included in the model was evaluated within an adequate population of farms in the Po Valley and in the State of Oregon. In addition, SDIB has shown encouraging results about its use as a tool for the evaluation of extra company factors. In fact, some evaluations have been carried out in groups of farms characterized by differences in production and management (e.g., biological system vs. conventional, adherence to Grana Padano Disciplinary vs. Parmigiano Reggiano Disciplinary, Po Valley system vs. Oregon system) to assess the possible impact on the level of AW. Applying this methodology, the investigation of these factors goes beyond the current trends. On the contrary, it favors the animals' response to these factors. With regard to the comparisons carried out, a high variability relative to the level of animal welfare has been found for all groups of farms, demonstrating how different disciplines or farming systems are not sufficient to ensure an optimal level of AW, if not related to something else. A second objective of the project was to study blood reference values at the various stages of lactation in order to provide greater objectivity to the AW assessment systems with independent data. Therefore, blood samples were taken from the most representative categories of cows during the production cycle (dry, immediate post-partum, end of the first month of lactation and advanced lactation) belonging to herds with a good level of welfare in all SDIB clusters, adequate feeding at all stages and excellent standards of facilities and equipment, with the aim of identifying the reference levels of various physiological indicators. For the 4 phases, new reference ranges have been identified, and they can be used to validate the various assessment systems of the AW.
Determination of non-informative features based on the analysis of their relationships

In solving most of the practical problems associated with classification, a heuristic approach is widely used. Currently, many heuristic methods and algorithms based on various heuristic criteria have been developed. The most popular criteria are heuristic informational criteria. These criteria are related to the assessment of the separability of these classes and are based on the fundamental hypothesis of recognition compactness, i.e. with an increase in the relationship between classes, their separability improves. If traits maximize relationships, they are called "good. " Such heuristic criteria are widely used and give good results in solving practical problems, but they are poorly studied in theoretical terms. At present, the method for choosing non-informative features, taking into account the relationship of features based on heuristic criteria, has not yet been developed. The article considers the problem of determining informative features by eliminating uninformative ones.
Glacier changes monitoring in Bhutan High Himalaya using remote sensing technology

The primary objectives of this study are to identify glacier cover, detect changes of glacier from 1978 to 2017 in Bhutan, and identification of vulnerable zone based on glacier changes. Landsat images and remote sensing (RS) techniques, Maximum Likelihood Classification approach of Supervised Learning of image processing has been utilized to detect and monitor the glacier cover changes of Bhutan over the years (1978-2017). The study results revealed that total area of the glacier changes in 1978 and 2017 has decreased by 2.54%. Most of the glacier zones are found in the northern part of the country, basically near the Greater Himalayan Mountain Range. Gasa, Bamthung and Lhuentse districts of Bhutan were found to have more glacier changes area than the other districts, that the areas experienced more changes of glacier cover over 40 years. Where more changes in the glacier are detected, the area should be more vulnerable in terms of both landslide, unreliability in growing useful land covers and Glacier Lakes Outburst Floods (GLOFS) in downstream area.
Overcoming spatio-angular trade-off in light field acquisition using compressive sensing

ABSTRACT In contrast to conventional cameras which capture a 2D projection of a 3D scene by integrating the angular domain, light field cameras preserve the angular information of individual light rays by capturing a 4D light field of a scene. On the one hand, light field photography enables powerful post-capture capabilities such as refocusing, virtual aperture, depth sensing and perspective shift. On the other hand, it has several drawbacks, namely, high-dimensionality of the captured light fields and a fundamental trade-off between spatial and angular resolution in the camera design. In this paper, we propose a compressive sensing approach to light field acquisition from a sub-Nyquist number of samples. Using an off-the-shelf measurement setup consisting of a digital projector and a Lytro Illum light field camera, we demonstrate the efficiency of the compressive sensing approach by improving the spatial resolution of the acquired light field. This paper presents a proof of concept with a simplified 3D scene as the scene of interest. Results obtained by the proposed method show significant improvement in the spatial resolution of the light field as well as preserved post-capture capabilities.
Oncolytic Viral and Immunotherapy Models Combined with Strategies to Ameliorate Cancer Burden

Combination therapy has shown to improve success for cancer treatment. Oncolytic virotherapy is cancer treatment that uses engineered viruses to specifically infect and kill cancer cells, without harming healthy cells. Immunotherapy boosts the body’s natural defenses towards cancer. The combination of oncolytic virotherapy and immunotherapy is explored through deterministic systems of nonlinear differential equations, constructed to match experimental data for murine melanoma. Mathematical analysis was done in order to gain insight on the relationship between cancer, viruses and immune response. One extension of the model focuses on clinical needs, with the underlying goal to seek optimal treatment regimens; for both frequency and dose quantity. The models in this work were first used to estimate parameters from preclinical experimental data, to identify biologically realistic parameter values. Insight gained from the mathematical analysis in the first model, allowed for numerical analysis to explore optimal treatment regimens of combination oncolytic virotherapy and dendritic vaccinations. Permutations accounting for treatment scheduled were done to find regimens that reduce tumor size. Observations from the produced data lead to in silico exploration of immune-viral interactions. Results suggest under optimal settings, combination treatment works better than monotherapy of either type. The most optimal result suggests treatment over a longer period of time, with fractioned doses, while reducing the total dendritic vaccination quantity, and maintaining the maximum virotherapy used in the experimental work.
Short Communication Proportion and Phenotype of MYH-Associated Colorectal Neoplasia in a Population-Based Series of Finnish Colorectal Cancer Patients

Recessively inherited mutations in the base excision repair gene MYH have recently been associated with predisposition to colorectal adenomas and cancer in materials selected for occurrence of multiple adenomas. In particular, variants Y165C and G382D have been shown to play a role in Caucasian patients. To evaluate the contribution of MYH mutations to colorectal cancer burden on the population level, and to examine the MYH-associated phenotype in an unselected series of colorectal cancer patients, we determined the frequencies of Y165C and G382D MYH mutations in a population-based series of 1042 Finnish colorectal cancer patients. Four (0.4%) patients had both MYH alleles mutated. Although all these patients had multiple adenomatous polyps, the phenotypes tended to be less extreme than in previous studies on selected cases. The lowest number of colorectal adenomas at the time of cancer diagnosis was five. Cases with one mutant MYH allele were subjected to sequencing of all exons to detect possible Finnish founder mutations, but no additional changes were detected. The Y165C and G382D variants were not present in 424 Finnish cancer-free controls showing that MYH mutations are not enriched in the population. As evaluated against national Finnish Polyposis Registry data MYH-associated colorectal cancer appears to be as common as colorectal cancer associated with familial adenomatous polyposis. (Am J Pathol 2003, 163:827– 832)
An Experimental Approach to Examine the Antecedents of Attitude, Intention, and Loyalty Towards Cause-related Marketing: The Case of India and the Philippines

Firms utilize cause-related marketing (CRM) strategy to differentiate themselves by demonstrating their corporate responsibility efforts. However, national differences in the level of prior CRM exposure, local–global consumer values and culture can result in heterogeneity in consumer perceptions of CRM across countries. The authors reflect and examine national differences in customer attitudes, intention to participate in CRM and loyalty towards the company organizing the CRM campaign through variables like scepticism, perceived novelty, global connectedness and long-term orientation. They discuss and examine the impact of these variables on national preferences for CRM campaign variations by (a) type of company (local versus multinational) and (b) the time duration of CRM campaign (short term/long term). This research uses data from two emerging Asian countries—India and the Philippines. By diving deep into the nuances that drive consumers to participate in CRM, the research provides relevant strategies to drive CRM communication strategies that enhance consumer loyalty to the marketers of CRM campaigns of national, international and non-profit organizations.
Clinical decision-making styles and critical thinking skills among general care nurses in Malaysia

Confidential information for discussion and deliberation. This material contains sensitive and confidential information belonging to Parkway Pantai Limited and its group of companies, dissemination and disclosure of which to any other persons, whether natural or corporate, is strictly forbidden. No part of this material may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or medium to persons not expressly authorised by Parkway Pantai Limited as permitted recipients. Clinical Decision-Making Styles and Critical Thinking Skills Among General Care Nurses in Malaysia
A Wizard-of-Oz Experiment to Demonstrate Water Reduction and User Training With an “Autonomous” Faucet

Resource-conserving products and commercial smart products abound in the market, but the intersection of the two is largely unexplored from the human-centered-design community. Research has shown that people (users) have different cognitive styles that influence their methods of approaching challenges and how they interpret the world. Utilizing this knowledge of cognitive styles, energy conserving products could (1) reduce resource consumption of its users and (2) increase user satisfaction with interacting with those products. Passive products — such as a flow-limiting showerhead — do not seek to change the user behavior and solely change the behavior of the product to conserve water. In this work, we design and test an “active smart” product to see if it can change users through product interaction. A custom faucet was designed and built to conduct an experiment with the Wizard of Oz (WoZ) technique of remotely operating a device to create the impression of autonomy/smartness. Participants were asked to wash multiple sets of dishes to test if: (1) participants use less water when washing dishes with a smart faucet and (2) participants remember this behavior change and use less water in a alter interaction with a normal faucet. Results confirmed the hypotheses and showed that those interacting with the faucet reduced their consumption by 26.5% during WoZ treatment and, importantly, 10.9% while washing after interacting with the WoZ treatment. Limitations include the implementation of the smart algorithm and the willingness-to-pay for a smart faucet in the home. This study demonstrates that smart products can conserve resources and train for further conservation even when the user is not using the smart product.
Population dynamics of Diatraea spp. Under different climate offer conditions in Colombia

Seasonal temperature and precipitation patterns on a global scale are the main factors to identify the sharing of organisms. Accordingly, insects and plants come to adapt to combinations of various factors through natural selection, although periodic outbreaks in insect populations occur especially in areas where they have not been previously reported, is a phenomenon that is considered as a consequence of global warming. In the study, we sought estimate the distribution of the sugarcane stem borers, Diatraea spp. , under different climate scenarios. Weekly collections were carried out in four sugarcane field plots in four different towns from the Colombian department of Caldas during a consecutive year, and also from sugarcane plots from the Cauca river valley between 2010 and 2017. The influence of climatic variables on the climate in different agro-ecological zones of sugarcane crops (Saccharum sp.) was defined by using climatic data (maximum, minimum and daily temperatures; accumulated precipitation) on a daily scale between 2010 and 2017. MODESTR® was used to generate the distribution maps to estimate probability distributions subject to restrictions given by the environmental information. Diatraea spp. is strongly influenced by the effects of climate change, considerably reducing its population niches as well as the number of individuals. The estimate of an optimal niche for Diatraea spp. includes temperatures between 20°C and 23°C, accumulated annual rainfall between 1200 and 1500 mm, months with dry conditions, whose precipitation is below 50 mm, slopes below 0.05, crop heterogeneity with an index of 0.2 and primary production values of 1.0. Summary statement Diatraea spp. is susceptible to temperature variations due to climate change, it is presumed that its adaptability could benefit Diatraea spp. in establishing itself in new areas.
Mapping Worldwide Environmental Suitability for Artemisia annua L.

Artemisinin, which is isolated from the naturally occurring plant Artemisia annua L. ( A. annua ; Qinghao in traditional Chinese medicine), is considered to be the active ingredient in the most effective treatment for malaria. Current malaria eradication plans rely on an affordable and robust supply of artemisinin, resulting in the demand to expand the area of A. annua under cultivation. However, there is no reliable assessment of the potential land resources suitable for planting A. annua at the global scale. By explicitly incorporating the assembled contemporary occurrence records of A. annua with various spatial predictor variables, a species distribution modelling procedure was adopted to produce the first global environmental suitability map for A. annua with high geographic detail (5 × 5 km 2 ). The estimated map reveals that the total amount of potential land resources suitable for planting A. annua is approximately 1496.56 million hectares, mainly distributed in Asia (516.50 million hectares), Europe (378.82 million hectares), North America (354.56 million hectares) and South America (172.01 million hectares). The relationships between the relevant variables and A. annua were explored, and these illustrated that the most noteworthy predictor variables were meteorological factors, followed by solar radiation factors, soil factors and topographical factors. The map provides a rigorous environmental niche baseline to support the reasonable expansion of the A. annua cultivation area.
Efficient Mid-Infrared Electro-Optical Waveguide Modulators Using Ferroelectric Barium Titanate

Mid-Infrared (mid-IR) electro-optical (E-O) modulators are critical components in developing broadband optical communication since present E-O modulators were mainly operated in the near Infrared (NIR) range. Meanwhile, the conventional ferroelectric E-O material - lithium niobate (LiNbO3 or LN) has lower Pockels effect comparing to barium titanate (BaTiO3 or BTO). This work demonstrated an E-O modulator in the mid-IR region applying a BTO substrate with low-loss titanium dioxide (TiO2) waveguides. The TiO2 waveguide device was first fabricated on a Si wafer by the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication process. A fundamental waveguide mode was observed at λ = 2.5–02.7 μm, and an optical loss of 2.33 dB/cm was obtained. To achieve an efficient E-O modulation, the TiO2 waveguide was bonded with a <001> BaTiO3 single crystalline wafer that has a strong Pockels effect. The measured E-O coefficient γeff at λ = 2.6 μm was 119.7pm/V, which is five times higher than the conventional LiNbO3 modulators, and a large modulation depth of 8.45 dB was accomplished.
How do interorganizational networks and firm group structures matter for innovation in clusters: Different networks, different results

ABSTRACT Innovation requires knowledge-intensive processes. In firms, group structures may lead to better innovation practices because knowledge pooled by the members through their networks enhances creativity and innovation processes. Knowledge sourced from networks is shaped by the specificity of the network. Using data on Spanish clusters, this article confirms that both teams and external knowledge contribute to innovation, and that combining external knowledge with team practices is effective. However, the benefits of this combination are contingent on the idiosyncrasies of the network in terms of density and geography. Cluster characteristics also determine the role of networks and teams.