Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transitory Income Shocks and Essential Household Consumption Expenditures in Rural Kenya

Majority of rural households in developing economies derive their livelihoods from agriculture, a sector that is highly prone to transitory shocks. In the absence of effective coping mechanisms, these households are unable to smoothen consumption and are thus likely to experience fluctuations in consumption expenditures. This study examines the effect of transitory income shocks on different categories of household expenditures, focusing on spending on essential goods and services such as food, health and education in rural Kenya. The study explores the heterogeneity in households and consumption to test the permanent income hypothesis using a sample of 5,828 rural households disaggregated along two distinct agro-ecological zones. Decomposing household income into permanent and transitory components failed to yield distinct estimates of permanent and transitory incomes when applied to this study’s data. We therefore modified the estimation approach to capture the effect of transitory income shocks by introducing a dummy of crop loss in the household expenditure equation. Our results show that in the countrywide sample, households that experienced crop loss had a statistically significant reduction in the aggregate, food and non-food expenditures compared to the ones that did not. For the high and medium potential agro-ecological zones sample, we found that consumption expenditures were not associated with crop loss. In the arid and semi-arid zones sample, aggregate and food expenditures reduced for households affected by crop loss. The findings provide a basis of policy recommendations on the need for the existing government poverty alleviation programmes to focus on drivers of impoverishment such as transitory income shocks. Keywords: transitory income shocks, consumption expenditure, agro-ecological zones, Kenya DOI : 10.7176/JESD/10-12-04 Publication date :June 30 th 2019
A Prototype Theory-Based Study of Crimes in the English and Arabic Societies Using Web-as-Corpus

Drawing on the classified prototypes of semantic categories, this paper uses the principles of the prototype theoryto cross-culturally explore the hierarchical prototypes of crimes in web-booted Arabic and English corpora. The studycompares the conceptualization and categorization of crimes in the Arabic and English worlds. For doing so, four domains‘com, org, info and edu’ are explored over the past seven years for differentiating the individual mentality from theinstitutional mentalities. The study uses the web as corpus to investigate the inductive pattern ‘crime* such as’ in three web domains: ‘. com’, ‘. org’ and ‘. edu’ in Arabic and English. The collected data is analyzed using AntConc software program. Indicated statistical tests are calculated to measure the universality of conceptualizing emotions across Arabic and English speaking worlds. The study explores the validity of using Rosch’s prototype theory (1975) in determining the dynamically changing categorization of criminal acts. It also tests the authenticity of using Web-as-Corpus, which is a verystraightforward tool, in attaining so. Results reveal that there is an Arabic-English agreement on defining the basic levelsof the concept crime. However, few sporadic differences exist and are subject of cultural differences between the orientaland occidental moralities. The principles of prototype theory are also valid as regards the metamorphosis of conceptualizing a concept at the folkloric and expert levels. This holds true as regards the Arabic and English data of this study.
Rethinking the prototyping process for applying design thinking to business model innovation

This research proposes a prototyping perspective in design for business model innovation to facilitate disruption. The value of design-led approach for managing innovation has been recognised under the concept of ‘design thinking’. In the research on innovation, the concept of business model innovation has been discussed as business models started to be acknowledged as a key aspect of managing innovation. Although experimentation for business model innovation is argued to be of importance, how to apply prototyping of design thinking to business model innovation has been limitedly theorised. This research is based on a literature review to articulate theoretically the concept of prototyping in business model innovation. Through the literature review, this research identifies four key dimensions of prototyping in business model innovation: purpose, process, context and engagement. This paper focuses on the Process dimension to interrogate the existing argument.
Genetic diversity and inbreeder specie of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees by randomly amplified polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid (RAPD) and floral architecture analysis

1 Genetic Engineering Program, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. 2 Agricultural Science Program, Mahidol University, Nakhon Sawan Campus, Nakhon Sawan 60000, Thailand. 3 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. 4 Rice Gene Discovery Unit, Rice Science Center and DNA Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand. 5 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand. 6 Genome Institute, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
High-speed Image Capture and Cone Detection Using a Raspberry Pi and Camera Module: A Design Science Approach

The purpose of this paper is to provide a highspeed image capturing and cone detection algorithm using lowcost devices, such as a Raspberry Pi and Pi NoIR V2 camera module. Little research focuses on high-speed, low-cost image processing. Most existing literature aimed at achieving a high FPS, use expensive tools, such as LiDARs or high-speed cameras. Thus creating a gap in knowledge. Design science was used to develop and evaluate our artifact. For evaluation, controlled experiments were used to gather data. The collected data shows that our artifact is able to capture and detect cones at 30-35FPS with varying, 42-83%, cone detection rate and cone detection accuracy ranging from 9% to 69%. The results show that lowcost, real-time image capture and processing are achievable. The study could be used to provide a cost effective solution for cone detection. Additionally, the solution’s low-cost provides more opportunities to develop and innovate in this area.
Relationship between Instant Sampling and Daily Average Values of COD for Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants in China

Most guidelines for urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are established on a time basis determination to determine performance and compliance with discharge standards and limits (i.e., maximum daily-average). Nevertheless, there is a lack of a systematic analysis of the relationship between instant sampling and daily average discharge concentration values. The present study used the chemical oxygen demand (COD) automated monitoring data that were collected from 1738 WWTPs in China to discuss the relationship between instant sampling and daily average values. A ratio model (K value) was developed to study the relationship between the reliability of the instant sampling value and the daily average limit for the COD measurements. The K value revealed that the ratio of COD instant and daily average measured concentrations for WWTPs in China collectively ranged from 1.00 to 1.45. The results of this study suggest setting the K value of COD to 1.3 for WWTPs in China to estimate the corresponding instant sampling limit of COD, as well as for most WWTPs in China, in order to ensure the stability of compliance to the daily average limits. The instant sampling value of COD in 24 h should be controlled no more than five times out of the instant sampling limit, which is 1.3 times of the daily average limit.
( E ) and ( Z )-1 , 4-Diphenyl-2-( 2-phenyl-1 H-benzo [ d ] imidazol-1-yl ) but-2-ene-1 , 4-dione

The title compound C 29 H 20 N 2 O 2 adopts E and Z geometry about olefinic C14–C22 bond, where the benzoyl group at C22 and benzimidazole group at C14 lie on the opposite sides and on the same side across the olefinic bond, respectively. In E configuration the phenyl groups of both benzoyl moieties are almost perpendicular to benzimidazole ring while the phenyl of benzimidazole at C7 is oriented at an angle of 30.76 (5) to the mean plane of the benzimidazole ring. On the other hand in Z configuration the phenyl group at C7 of benzimidazole ring is oriented at an angle of 38.44 (7) to the mean plane of the benzimidazole ring while the phenyl rings of benzoyl moieties at C15 and C23 lie at an angle of 16.07 (9) and 40.29 (6), respectively, to the mean plane of the benzimidazole ring. The observed bond distances and bond angles fall within the normal accepted range of values.
Crustal structures beneath the Eastern and Southern Alps from
ambient noise tomography

We study the crustal structure under the Eastern and Southern Alps using ambient noise tomography. We use cross-correlations of ambient seismic noise between pairs of 71 permanent stations and 19 stations of the Eastern Alpine Seismic Investigation (EASI) profile to derive new 3D shear velocity models for the crust. Continuous records from 2014 and 2015 are cross-correlated to estimate Green’s functions of Rayleigh and Love waves propagating between the station pairs. Group velocities extracted from the cross-correlations are inverted to obtain isotropic 3D Rayleighand Lovewave shear-wave velocity models. Our models image several velocity anomalies and contrasts and reveal details of the crustal structure. Velocity variations at short periods correlate very closely with the lithologies of tectonic units at the surface and projected to depth. Low-velocity zones, associated with the Po and Molasse sedimentary basins, are imaged well to the south and north of the Alps, respectively. We find large high-velocity zones associated with the crystalline basement that forms the core of the Tauern Window. Small-scale velocity anomalies are also aligned with geological units of the Austroalpine nappes. Clear velocity contrasts in the Tauern Window along vertical cross sections of the velocity model show the depth extent of the tectonic units and their bounding faults. A mid-crustal velocity contrast is interpreted as a manifestation of intracrustal decoupling in the Eastern Alps that accommodated eastward escape of the Alcapa block.
An Improved Vehicle Tracking Method Based on MDNet

In the field of intelligent transportation, many factors can affect the tracking results of moving vehicles in the video, such as background complexity, illumination change, occlusion, scale transformation and so on. In order to solve the drift problem and improve the tracking accuracy in the vehicle target tracking process, this paper proposed an improved vehicle target tracking algorithm based on MDNet. By combining the instance segmentation method with the MDNet algorithm, the background and vehicle targets can be distinguished remarkably, which enhance tracking performance greatly. The proposed tracking algorithm is evaluated on the OTB dataset. We compared the tracking result of our method with eight mainstream target tracking algorithms. The experimental results illustrate outstanding performance. The target tracking accuracy and tracking success rate of our algorithm achieve good performance in many cases.
Tumor cell-mediated anti-angiogenic effects of Angiopoietin-2 and VEGFA in glioblastoma

The significance of tumor angiogenesis for solid neoplasms was already recognized almost half a century ago, and still today extensive interdependency between tumor and endothelial cells is implicated in tumor progression. Glioblastoma (GBM), a malignant brain tumor that gives patients a uniformly dismal prognosis, is heavily vascularized and therapies targeting the vasculature are extensively tested for these tumors. The understanding of therapy refractoriness is limited, and we therefore aimed to address potential off-target effects of pro-angiogenic factors on GBM tumor cells with this study. In this study, we have explored the effects of key pro-angiogenic factors Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and VEGFA on tumor cells and the indirect tumor-mediated effects on angiogenesis. To this end we examined the effects of GBM cell stimulation with Ang-2 and/or VEGFA on in vitro and in ovo angiogenesis assays. An in vivo GBM model was utilized to study the effects of stimulation in a more multifactorial model. We found that supernatants from GBM cell models (A172, U251, U87 and GSC23) uniformly reduced in vitro tube formation following dual stimulation, and similarly supernatants applied on a developing chorioallantoic membrane in ovo resulted in decreased capillary formation when GBM cells (U87 and GSC23) were stimulated with both Ang-2 and VEGFA. The stimulation of GBM xenografts in vivo did not affect tumor progression or vascularization parameters. The results of our study suggest that Ang-2 and VEGFA stimulation of GBM cells can instigate reduced angiogenesis in vitro and in ovo, but not in vivo. 224 | Chapter 10
CORPORATE LIQUIDITY STRATEGIES WHEN FINANCIAL ASSETS ARE HIGHLY PROFITABLE

This paper analyzes the effect of high levels of interest rates on corporate cash holdings (which include cash and other interest-bearing assets). Specifically, this paper argues and provide evidence that, contrary to the classical assumptions, the relationship between cash holdings and interest rates are systematically positive. The empirical analysis is conducted in the Brazilian market, which represents a specific context in which managers are able to allocate financial resources in interest-bearing assets that may offer higher profitability than operating activities due to perceived high-risk environment. Using quarterly data from non-financial listed firms, this paper documents a positive and significant association between interest rates and cash holdings and shows that holding liquid assets may be a profitable and outperforming strategy when interest rates are high and real investment is risky. This relationship holds especially true for periods of higher-than-average levels of inflation, larger firms and firms with high future growth
Performance and Microbial Community Structure of Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor for Lipids-Rich Kitchen Waste Slurry Treatment: Mesophilic and Thermophilic Processes

The performance and microbial community structure for treating lipids-rich kitchen waste slurry in mesophilic Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (m-AnMBR) and thermophilic AnMBR (t-AnMBR) were compared in this study. Higher Organic Loading Rate (OLR) of 12 kg-COD/(m3·d), better Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal efficiency over 98%, stronger stability with Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs)/alkalinity below 0.04, higher flux with 18 L/(m2·h) and lower Long Chain Fatty Acids (LCFAs) concentration of 550 mg/L were obtained in the m-AnMBR. Directly increasing temperature from 39 to 55 °C resulted in a collapse of the t-AnMBR. Acclimation via gradually increasing temperature made the t-AnMBR run successfully with lower OLR and COD removal efficiency of 7.5 kg-COD/(m3·d) and 96%. An obvious discrepancy of microbial community structure was presented between the m-AnMBR and t-AnMBR via the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The Methanomethylovorans and Methanoculleus were dominant in the t-AnMBR instead of Methanobacterium and Methanothrix in the m-AnMBR.
Liquefaction Potential Analysis of Reusep Prestress Bridge in Pidie Jaya due to 6.4 Mw Earthquake

Pidie Jaya is one of the districts in Aceh Province – Indonesia. On December 7, 2016, Pidie Jaya experienced a shallow 6.4 Mw earthquake which destroyed some vital buildings and also human loss. Based on preliminary field investigation, some geological damages like soil movement, soil cracks, and liquefactions occur because of the earthquake. Some liquefaction phenomena scattered in the area of Ulim, Panteraja, Meunasah Balek, Manohara Beach and Sagoe Trienggadeng. An evidence of liquefaction in Pidie Jaya area was displayed in this research based on several literature review. Furthermore, these paper aims to identify liquefaction possibilities in Trienggadeng Reusep Prestress Bridge based on a geotechnical investigation of N-SPT and some seismic data by using Kishida method. The surrounded area of the bridge was first evaluated in terms of geological setting, tectonics and seismic activity related to 6.4Mw of the previous earthquake. Furthermore, it was found from the soil profile that the studied area has a potency of liquefaction because of several saturated sand layers and high groundwater level. Effective overburden pressure of sand layers was calculated and plotted with N-SPT value to determine the possibility of liquefaction. The result shows that liquefaction potential shows high possibility for sand dominant layers both from bor-log 1 in 17.5 m and 25 m depths, and bor-log 2 in the depth of 17 m and 26.5 m.
DETECTION FRAUDULENT FINANCIAL STATEMENT: BENEISH M-SCORE MODEL

This study aims to analysis financial stability, nature of industry, audit opinion on fraudulent financial statement. Furthermore, to analysis financial stability, the nature of industry, audit opinion on real earnings management, to analysis the real earning management on fraudulent financial statement. Next, to analysis financial stability, nature of industry, audit opinion on fraudulent financial statement with real earning management as a mediating variable. The population in this study were all manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2013-2017. The sampling technique was carried out by purposive sampling to produce 130 samples. In this study the technical analysis model uses path analysis and SPSS version 22. The results of this research are financial stability and nature of industry has a significant effect on fraudulent financial statement. Audit opinion has not effect on fraudulent financial statement. Financial stability and Nature of industry has a significant effect on real earnings management. Audit opinion has not effect on Real Earnings Management. real earning management significantly influences fraudulent financial statement. Real earnings management can mediate on the relationship of financial stability, nature of industry on fraudulent financial statement. But, audit opinion cannot mediate on the relationship on fraudulent financial statement. Key-Words: Fraudulent Financial Statement, Real Earning Management
Methodology for monitoring and diagnosing faults of hybrid dynamic systems: a case study on a desalination plant

The imperative of quality and productivity has increased the complexity of technological processes, posing the problem of reliability. Today, fault diagnosis remains a very important task because of its essential role in improving reliability, but also in minimizing the harmful consequences that can be catastrophic for the safety of equipment and people. Indeed, an effective diagnosis not only improves reliability, but also reduces maintenance costs. Systems in which dynamic behaviour evolves as a function of the interaction between continuous dynamics and discrete dynamics, present in the system, are called hybrid systems. The goal is to develop monitoring and diagnostic procedures to the highest level of control to ensure safety, reliability and availability objectives. This article presents an approach to the diagnosis of hybrid systems using hybrid automata and neural-fuzzy system. The use of the neural-fuzzy system allows modeling the continuous behaviour of the system. On the other hand, the hybrid automata gives a perfect estimate of the discrete events and make it possible to execute a fault detection algorithm mainly consists of classifying the appeared defects. On the implementation plan, the results were applied in a water desalination plant.
Towards Securing the Internet of Things with QUIC

—This paper is the ﬁrst to evaluate the feasibility of deploying QUIC, a new UDP-based transport protocol currently undergoing IETF standardization, directly on resource-constrained IoT devices. It quantiﬁes the storage, compute, memory and energy requirements of the Quant QUIC stack on two different IoT platforms, and ﬁnds that a minimal standards-compliant QUIC client currently requires approximately 58 to 63KB of ﬂash and can retrieve 5KB of data in 4.2 to 5.1s over 0-RTT or 1-RTT connections, using less than 16KB of heap memory (plus packet buffers), less than 4KB of stack memory and less than 0.9J of energy per transaction.
Work Environment, Spiritual, and Motivational Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction among Hospital Nurses: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Patient services at the hospital cannot be separated from the role of the nurse. Therefore, nurses must work professionally to provide better nursing care. There are several factors that can affect the performance of the nurses, one of which is job satisfaction. The purpose of a systematic review is to understand the factors that influence the job satisfaction of nurses in hospitals. Methods: For a systematic review, the search was focused on the PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus database literature with the keywords ‘job satisfaction’ and ‘nurses’. The search identified 15 relevant research articles from the 10,530 original articles that were full texts published between 2015 and 2018. Results: The results showed that the job satisfaction of the nurses was influenced by their leadership, work environment, career path, the relationship with their co-workers, salary, the relationship between the organizations, appreciation, communication, opportunity, organizational commitment, work schedule, work stress, empowerment and work rotation. The results also indicated that high job satisfaction leads to lowering nurse retention and burnout, in addition to an improved quality of patient care. Conclusion: The nurse’s job satisfaction needs to get serious attention from hospital management because it plays an important role in improving the health care service quality in the hospital.
Migrants’ New Venture Evolution Under Institutional Voids: Lessons from Shonga Farms in Nigeria

This article inductively builds theory on how transaction costs may be alleviated, and institutional voids bridged in developing economies, based on the case study of the successful migrants’ entrepreneurial involvement in Nigerian agriculture: Shonga Farms. We posit that the iterative process of building conditions of trust that initiates with long-term commitment, involvement of the regional government, appropriate modes of financial contracts, and the gradual transitioning of controlling interests to private actors, are factors of success. We draw additional lessons by contrasting our case study with other similar migrant schemes that failed.
Internationally agreed medical terminology: Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities

The Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) was developed under the auspices of International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH). It is the standard terminology use by regulators and the biopharmaceutical industry through all phases of clinical development and in the post-marketing arena. The terminology supports the coding, retrieval, and analysis of a variety of clinical data, including adverse events, medical and social history, indications and investigations. This article provides the background information on how and why MedDRA was created. The MedDRA terminology hierarchy structure, MedDRA rules and conventions, the applications of MedDRA in coding and data analysis, regulatory mandate status within the ICH regions, and the potential use of MedDRA in China are discussed.