Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LIVER CYSTIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS Once again, the terminology

Human Echinococcosis is a zoonotic infection caused by larval forms (metacestodes) of tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus. Among the different genotypes of Echinococcus described, nine of them – 5 species within E. granulosus sensu lato cluster, E. multilocularis, E. oligarthra, E. vogeli and E. shiquicus – are formally recognized as taxonomically relevant. Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato is responsible for the disease Cystic Echinococcosis, which is endemic in several regions of the world, on the five continents, with a high incidence in the Mediterranean basin including countries in Southern Europe, North Africa and the Near East; in Asia with a high incidence in China; and the Americas, particularly in South America. The global distribution of this disease involves many experts of all areas of echinococcoses and from different countries, who speak different languages, so it is necessary to use a single terminology so that everyone may understand each other. Although all of us know the vital cycle of the parasite and the different aspects of the disease, the designations regarding the parasite, its evolution and some therapeutic procedures were not uniform. The World Association of Echinococcosis launched a Formal Consensus process under the coordination of Dominique A. Vuitton, which resulted in the admirable work recently published in the international Journal “Parasite”2. In this article I come to remind and reinforce the idea of respecting terminology, so that we can communicate better among scientists and physicians of different disciplines. I return to this topic because it seems important to me, as a past president of the World Association of Echinococcosis (WAE), that it would be present in the first issue of the International Journal of Echinococcoses, created by the current president of the WAE, Nazmiye Altintas. I will focus on Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, cystic echinococcosis, the disease due to that species, “cyst” definition, and a few therapeutic aspects.
Histological structure of intercellular fluid circulation pathways

Studies of the nervous system today are quite relevant and important. There are a large number of methods of studying and researching the brain, among which the histological method is widely used. Despite the variety of methods, in the possible practical application of histological examination of the central nervous system and brain in particular there are problems encountered by researchers: the complexity of the method, a large number of conventions to consider when working with nerve tissue, methods of fixation. Among other research methods, there is a group of histological methods, united by a common feature – in vivo staining of the nervous system, among which there is also a method of in vivo staining with methylene blue. The aim of the study was to establish the morphological features of the structure of the intercellular fluid circulation of the brain in experimental animals. The article describes a new method of injectable in vivo staining of the brains of laboratory animals with methylene blue. It is relevant for studying the morphology of the intercellular fluid circulation of the brain and the study of the structure of the microcirculatory tract. In our work it is offered to combine already known methods of perfusion fixation and a technique of supravital staining with methylene blue. Since most scientific studies of the brain use conventional research methods without a comprehensive study of the entire microcirculatory tract and intercellular fluid circulation, there is a need for more detailed study of the histological structure and topography of microcirculatory brain complexes to establish their normal structure. The results of the study confirm the researchers' observation that methylene blue has a high affinity for nerve fibers in the brain. In addition, it is obvious that the additional use of formalin as a solvent increases the resistance of methylene blue to leaching and the ability to stain the structures of the microcirculatory tract. In addition, the lifetime application of this technique allows you to visualize the morphological features of the microcirculation pathways of the intercellular fluid of the brain, Virchow-Robin space and capillary walls.
SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES OF REBAMIPIDE: FORMULATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND IN VIVO PHARMACOKINETIC EVALUATION

Objective: Rebamipide (REB) is a gastroprotective agent used to treat ulcers and gastritis throughout the stomach. Rebamipide is a BCS class IV drug with low oral bioavailability of less than 10%. The objective of this study was to develop an REB-SLNs formulation for oral administration to improve the bioavailability of rebamipide. Methods: The hot homogenization and ultrasonication methods were used to prepare the REB-SLNs. Lipids are dynasan 114, dynasan 116, dynasan 114, imwitor 900 P. Non-ionic surfactants are poloxamer 188, polysorbate 80, and lipoid E 80 act as an amphoteric stabilizing agent used in the formulation. Developed SLNs were evaluated for particle size, PDI, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, drug content, in vitro release, stability studies, and in vivo pharmacokinetic profile. Results: The optimized REB SLNs (F9) formulation prepared with Dynassan 114 contains an average particle size of 234±3.5 nm, PDI of 0.228±0.05, ZP of-24.58±2.63mV, drug content of 99.89±0.04%, and entrapment efficiency of 96.15±0.32%. DSC studies revealed that no interactions occurred between drugs and excipients. SEM studies showed that SLNs were nearly spherical. In vitro drug release of the optimized formulation, F9 was 91.61% in 24 h as sustained drug release. The optimized formulation was stable under refrigeration and room temperature for three months. Invivo pharmacokinetic studies of optimized formulation (F9) exhibited higher Cmax and AUC values relative to the coarse suspension. Conclusion: Compared to the reference standard coarse suspension, the relative bioavailability of the developed formulation of REB-SLNs of dynasan 114 and combination of poloxamer 188 and polysorbate 80 (F9) was increased by 3.87 times.
Demography of Ocular Trauma in Pediatrics Patient, A Systematic Review

Background : Ocular injuries are the most common cause of acquired monocular blindness in children. Eye injuries in childhood are largely preventable but unfortunately remain common. Objectives : We sought to perform a systematics review of demography ocular trauma in children over the past fifth years. Methods: A systematic review was performed on PubMed and Scopus search term “Pediatrics” “Trauma” and “Ocular”. Results: Four articles identified between 2017 and 2021 specifically addressed ocular trauma in pediatrics. A total of 1039 patients were included in these four studies. The incidence of close globe injury is higher than open globe injury, two journals claim that the most incidence of ocular trauma occurs in the home, the two others claim that outside/street is the most commonplace, the incidence in the male group is higher than female and incidence ocular trauma mostly occur in 2-14 years old age group. Conclusion: Overall, the average close globe injury incidence is 65,8% and the average of open globe injury is 22,4%. The most common injury that occurs in pediatric trauma is close globe injury.
Determinant factors of family welfare among Bogor online riders on pandemic COVID-19

COVID-19 pandemic impacted economic activity, including a decrease in the number of online motorcycle taxi passengers due to large-scale social restrictions. This study aimed to analyze the effect of determinant factors: work source of stress, self-efficacy, coping strategies, and symptoms of stress on the family welfare among online motorcycle taxi drivers. This study also analyzed the differences of all research variables according to years of service (less or more than two years). A cross-sectional design involving 120 online drivers in Bogor who were selected by convenience sampling was applied in this study. All research instruments used in data collection have good reliability. Data was collected by filling out a structured questionnaire shared with a google form, considering the pandemic conditions. Data was analyzed inferentially using SPSS and Smart PLS. Different test results showed that drivers who worked less than two years had lower earnings before and during the pandemic but performed higher coping strategies than those who worked more than two years. Self-efficacy positively affects online motorcycle taxi drivers' family welfare during the pandemic, objectively and subjectively. While work source of stress negatively affects subjective family welfare only.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF PULPOTOMY OUTCOME IN MATURE PERMANENT MOLARS WITH IRREVERSIBLE PULPITIS– A REPORT OF 4 CASES

INTRODUCTION: Pulpotomy has recently been proposed as an alternative to root canal treatment for the management of irreversible pulpitis in mature permanent molars. However, up till now there is no non-invasive diagnostic tool to measure the true vitality of the remaining radicular pulp OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the ability of using Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a new diagnostic tool for the early evaluation of pulpotomy outcome in four mature permanent molars with irreversibly inflamed pulp. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single visit pulpotomy procedure was carried out in four mature permanent lower molars with acute irreversible pulpitis. EndoCem MTA was used as the pulp dressing material. Teeth were then restored with a base of resinreinforced glass ionomer cement, followed by composite restoration. Clinical and radiographic assessment was done at 1,3,6, 9, &12 months. MRI was done at 6 months to measure the signal intensity from the remaining radicular pulp and compare it to the contralateral healthy pulp. RESULTS: In the first three cases; MRI analysis showed that there was no sign of alteration in the mean signal intensity of the remaining radicular compared to the contralateral healthy pulps. This was in accordance with the clinical and radiographic criteria of success. However, in the fourth case there was a marked decrease in the mean signal intensity indicating pulp necrosis which was not detected at that time neither clinically nor radiographically. CONCLUSIONS: MRI could be a very promising diagnostic tool for the early evaluation of pulpotomy outcome.
A framework for privacy-enhanced personalization

Web personalization has demonstrated to be advantageous for both online customers and vendors. However, its benefits may be severely counteracted by privacy constraints. Personalized systems need to address these privacy constraints, including users’ personal privacy preferences as well as privacy laws and industry self-regulations that may be in effect. This research aims to reconcile privacy and web personalization. In particular, this research proposes user-tailored privacy enforcement in personalization, i.e., catering privacy to the situation of each individual user. This research develops a framework for privacy-enhanced personalization based on product line architecture (PLA). This framework provides a systematic and flexible way to model, manage and enforce applicable privacy constraints in web personalization. Our systematic analysis of over 40 privacy laws shows that these legal requirements can not only affect the collection, storage and transfer of personal data, but also the methods that may be used to process the data in personalized systems. This framework dynamically selects and de-selects personalization methods during runtime in observance of each user’s applicable privacy constraints. A controlled experiment shows that users value the user-tailored privacy enforcement in personalization: they have higher regard for the privacy practices of a personalized system, disclose more information about themselves to the system, and do not perceive less pesonalization benefit. Besides, a performance evaluation of our framework shows that it is technically feasible for internationally-operating personalized sites even with the highest traffic today.
Differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules by diffusion weighted image and apparent diffusion coefficient

Background: There is a great increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer. Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine tumor. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gained importance in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer. The application of diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) is an important diagnostic tool for assessing in vivo tumor characterization. Objective: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of diffusion weighted imaging and ADC to differentiate between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Methodology: this investigation has been done through assortment of information from papers which has been looked upon PubMed, the papers have been from 1998 to 2o16, the hunt is finished including just the papers written in English language and assortment of the information including radiological anatomy of thyroid gland ,hint about the physics of MRI, DWI and ADC as well as appearance of different thyroid lesions at DWI and ADC. Conclusion: DWI with the ADC values may be a doable, non-invasive and non-radiative technique for recognizing malignant from benign thyroid nodules that do not require the administration of contrast media. The b value is a significant factor, and different b-values must be acquired for more accurate quantitative analysis of diffusion-weighted images and consequently reliable ADC maps as well as the ADC measurement.
Offline-Online Learning of Deformation Model for Cable Manipulation With Graph Neural Networks

Manipulating deformable linear objects by robots has a wide range of applications, e.g., manufacturing and medical surgery. To complete such tasks, an accurate dynamics model for predicting the deformation is critical for robust control. In this letter, we deal with this challenge by proposing a hybrid offline-online method to learn the dynamics of cables in a robust and data-efficient manner. In the offline phase, we adopt Graph Neural Network (GNN) to learn the deformation dynamics purely from the simulation data. Then a linear residual model is learned in real-time to bridge the sim-to-real gap. The learned model is then utilized as the dynamics constraint of a trust region based Model Predictive Controller (MPC) to calculate the optimal robot movements. The online learning and MPC run in a closed-loop manner to robustly accomplish the task. Finally, comparative results with existing methods are provided to quantitatively show the effectiveness and robustness.
A novel two-stage MPPT method based on inflection voltages

ABSTRACT The electrical characteristic of a photovoltaic system is directly dependent on atmospheric conditions such as temperature, solar insolation, and even shading conditions. Hence, utilizing a maximum power point tracking hardware with a fast and accurate algorithm is crucial to obtaining the highest possible photovoltaic power. Several algorithms have been proposed in the literature to obtain maximum photovoltaic power, such as particle swarm optimization and perturb & observe variants. However, these algorithms provide less performance than optimal under partial shading. This study proposes a novel two-stage maximum power point tracking algorithm that equipped inflection voltages method and conventional perturb & observe algorithms. The proposed algorithm displays superior properties of both the inflection voltages method and the perturb & observe algorithms, such as predicting the location of maximum power points and high-speed climbing to these power points. A set of computer simulations are conducted in the PSIM environment to compare the performance of the proposed algorithm with particle swarm optimization, perturb & observe, and inflection voltages algorithms. Furthermore, a DC/DC converter-based experimental setup was produced and connected to a BK precision solar array simulator for experimental verification. The analysis results have shown that the proposed algorithm outperforms perturb & observe, inflection voltages, and particle swarm optimization methods in convergence speed and rate. Experimental and simulation results also show that the proposed algorithm successfully tracks the maximum peak in uniform and non-uniform irradiance conditions when others fail occasionally. On top of that, over 99% tracking efficiency is achieved, and the convergence time is also under 1 second.
Global Transcriptomic Response of Staphylococcus aureus to Virulent Bacteriophage Infection

In light of the ever-increasing number of multidrug-resistant bacteria worldwide, bacteriophages are becoming a valid alternative to antibiotics; therefore, their interactions with host bacteria must be thoroughly investigated. Here, we report genome-wide transcriptional changes in a clinical Staphylococcus aureus SA515 strain for three time points after infection with the vB_SauM-515A1 kayvirus. Using an RNA sequencing approach, we identify 263 genes that were differentially expressed (DEGs) between phage-infected and uninfected host samples. Most of the DEGs were identified at an early stage of phage infection and were mainly involved in nucleotide and amino acid metabolism, as well as in cell death prevention. At the subsequent infection stages, the vast majority of DEGs were upregulated. Interestingly, 39 upregulated DEGs were common between the 15th and 30th minutes post-infection, and a substantial number of them belonged to the prophages. Furthermore, some virulence factors were overexpressed at the late infection stage, which necessitates more stringent host strain selection requirements for further use of bacteriophages for therapeutic purposes. Thus, this work allows us to better understand the influence of kayviruses on the metabolic systems of S. aureus and contributes to a better comprehension of phage therapy.
Better Functional Recovery After Single-Level Compared With Two-Level Posterolateral Lumbar Fusion

Background Multiple studies describe the outcomes of patients undergoing single-level and multilevel posterolateral lumbar fusion (PLF). However, a comparison of outcomes between single-level and two-level PLF is lacking. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to compare outcomes between single-level and two-level instrumented PLF. Methods A total of 42 patients were enrolled at nine US centers between October 2015 and June 2017. Data included radiologic outcomes, visual analog scale (VAS) Back and Leg Pain, disability per the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and health-related quality of life (QoL) per 36-Item Short Form Survey version 2.0 (SF-36v2) at six weeks and three, six, 12, and 24 months. Results Twelve-month and 24-month follow-ups were completed by 38 (90.5%) and 32 (76.2%) subjects, respectively. The average age was 67 years, and 54.8% were female. Twenty-six received single-level PLF, and 16 received two-level PLF. In the single-level group, there was one reoperation, two postoperative infections, and one dural tear. In the two-level group, there was one postoperative infection. The surgeon computed tomography (CT)-based evaluation of fusion rate was 67.6% (25/37) at 12-month follow-up and 94.1% (32/34) at 24-month follow-up. The third-party evaluation of fusion rate was 52.8% (19/36) at six months, 81.1% (30/37) at 12 months, and 86.5% (32/37) at 24 months. There was a tendency toward a higher fusion rate in single-level compared with two-level PLF. The ODI, SF-36v2 Mental Component Score (MCS), and VAS Back Pain and Leg Pain outcomes improved by the first follow-up visit in both the single-level and two-level groups. Improvement in the ODI was 5.86 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03-11.69) points greater in the single-level group compared with the two-level group. Conclusions Compared with the two-level PLF subjects, single-level PLF subjects had better functional outcomes and reported higher satisfaction with the outcome of surgery but showed similar fusion, pain, and generic health-related quality of life outcomes. Both single-level and two-level PLF subjects demonstrated high fusion rates in association with improvements in pain, functional, and quality of life outcomes, as well as high satisfaction levels.
Research on experiment and simulation of automobile panel surface low and distortion

Fierce market competition has driven automotive manufacturers to improve the quality of their cars and trucks in every aspect.The Class "A" surface of automobile's outer panel determines the appearance of the vehicle and needs to be clean.However,many defects are frequently introduced into the Class "A" surface during the manufacturing process.In research,designed and manufactured four different experimental dies containing typical automobile outer panel product features that commonly cause surface low and distortion.Then we ran stamping tests using the experimental dies,observed the development of the surface distortion,and collected the historical data of stains,contact pressure around the distortion area.The finish panels of stamping test produced the surface low and distortion as expected.At the same time the stamping process was numerically simulated.And the results of analysis were consistent with the results of stamping test.The results showed replicated the distortion phenomenon successfully through experimental dies.And it provided the basis to investigate the root-cause of draw die related surface low and distortion.
Prospective Study of Low-Radiation and Low-Iodine Dose Aortic CT Angiography in Obese and Non-Obese Patients: Image Quality and Impact of Patient Characteristics

The purpose of this study was to prospectively analyse image quality and radiation dose of body mass index (BMI)-adapted low-radiation and low-iodine dose CTA of the thoracoabdominal aorta in obese and non-obese patients. This prospective, single-centre study included patients scheduled for aortic CTA between November 2017 and August 2020 without symptoms of high-grade heart failure. A BMI-adapted protocol was used: Group A/Group B, BMI < 30/≥ 30 kg/m2, tube potential 80/100 kVp, total iodine dose 14.5/17.4 g. Intraindividual comparison with the institutional clinical routine aortic CTA protocol was performed. The final study cohort comprised 161 patients (mean 71.1 ± 9.4 years, 32 women), thereof 126 patients in Group A (mean BMI 25.4 ± 2.8 kg/m2) and 35 patients in Group B (34.0 ± 3.4 kg/m2). Mean attenuation over five aortoiliac measurement positions for Group A/B was 354.9 ± 78.2/262.1 ± 73.0 HU. Mean effective dose for Group A/B was 3.05 ± 0.46/6.02 ± 1.14 mSv. Intraindividual comparison in 50 patients demonstrated effective dose savings for Group A/B of 34.4 ± 14.5/25.4 ± 14.1% (both p < 0.001), and iodine dose savings for Group A/B of 54/44.8%. Regression analysis showed that female sex and increasing age were independently associated with higher vascular attenuation. In conclusion, BMI-adapted, low-radiation and low-iodine dose CTA of the thoracoabdominal aorta delivers diagnostic image quality in non-obese and obese patients without symptoms of high-grade heart failure, with superior image quality in females and the elderly.