Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A STATISTICAL APPROACH OF THE MARBLE PHOENICIAN ANTHROPOMORPHIC SARCOPHAGI: AMRĪT SITE

In this paper we statistically analyze, and interpret anthropoid Phoenician sarcophagi found on the Syrian coast (archaeological s ite of Amrīt), from an archaeological perspective. All sarcophagi (11 complete and 8 damaged) under the study are dated between the fifth and fourth centuries BCE. We must highlight how previous scholars established periods of use as well as the influence of these funeral artifacts, viewing them purely as works of art. The main goal of this research is to study the sarcophagi from an archaeological perspective with reference to the quantitative data taken from each piece. The data set which we analyze is composed of the dimensional components of twenty-two sarcophagi. The challenge to be overcome in the analysis of this data set is the state of the sarcophagi themselves; half of them are damaged to an extent that direct measurements are impossible. Thus, a statistical analysis is necessarily based on estimates of original measurements of undamaged parts of those sarcophagi. Accordingly, we carried out an analysis of the dependence between the dimensional components of the complete, relatively undamaged sarcophagi. Given the anthropomorphic morphology of sarcophagi, the length and width present a significant linear relationship, whereas there is no relationship between length and height.
Imd Pathway Drosophila Pirk Is a Negative Regulator of the

2 † NF- (cid:1) B transcription factors are involved in evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways controlling multiple cellular processes including apoptosis and immune and inﬂammatory responses. Immune response of the fruit ﬂy Drosophila melanogaster to Gram-negative bacteria is primarily mediated via the Imd (immune deﬁciency) pathway, which closely resembles the mammalian TNFR signaling pathway. Instead of cytokines, the main outcome of Imd signaling is the production of antimicrobial peptides. The pathway activity is delicately regulated. Although many of the Imd pathway components are known, the mechanisms of negative regulation are more elusive. In this study we report that a previously uncharacterized gene, pirk , is highly induced upon Gram-negative bacterial infection in Drosophila in vitro and in vivo . pirk encodes a cytoplasmic protein that coimmunoprecipitates with Imd and the cytoplasmic tail of peptidoglycan recognition protein LC (PGRP-LC). RNA interference-mediated down-regulation of Pirk caused Imd pathway hyperactivation upon infection with Gram-negative bacteria, while overexpression of pirk reduced the Imd pathway response both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, pirk -overexpressing ﬂies were more susceptible to Gram-negative bacterial infection than wild-type ﬂies. We conclude that Pirk is a negative regulator of the Imd pathway. The Journal of Immunology, 2008, 180: 5413–5422.
TOURIST’S EXPECTATION AND SATISFACTION TOWARDS AMENITIES IN UDHAGAMANDALAM

: Tourism is the travel for recreation, leisure, religious, family and business purposes, usually of a limited duration. Tourism is now one of the world’s largest industries and one of its fastest growing economic sectors. For many countries tourism is seen as a main instrument for regional development as it stimulates new economic activities. Tourism is one of the most profitable industries in service sector in India. It contributes more on countries GDP and provides employment opportunity especially to local people who depend on tourism. Tamil Nadu remains an all-season destination for tourists. Udhagamandalam often called as Ooty is the Queen of Hill Stations in India. Ooty offers the visitor an unending array of walks and heights to conquer, not to mention the scenic beauty to be enjoyed in the most pleasant of climate. Every year tourists arrivals to Ooty shows increasing trend. The tourists need some basic facilities like water, medical, transport, etc., for their enjoyment of tour to Ooty. Governments take necessary steps for providing various basic facilities to tourists. Therefore this study focuses its direction on tourists’ expectation and satisfaction towards amenities in Ooty.
The Influence of Horse Assisted Education on the Perception of Self-Efficacy in People Holding Leadership Positions

Self-efficacy is defined as an indicator of what a person thinks they can do in various circumstances (Bandura, Conclusions The results of the present study show that Horse Assisted Education can be used as an effective tool to strengthen the perception of self-efficacy in leadership skills. It is necessary to conduct research that takes into account replication on a larger population, and to test the effectiveness of the method in other applications.
Molecular Investigations of Food-Borne Cladosporium and Fusarium Species from Nigeria

A sampling of contaminated foodstuffs throughout southwest Nigeria yielded three fungalisolates belonging to the genus Fusarium and two belonging to the genus Cladosporium . In this study we subjected these isolates to various molecular investigations. The morphological species identifications were confirmed or refined with BLAST queries for sequences from two genomic regions (translation elongation factor-1 α and ITS). BLAST results uncovered species identification inconsistencies for one Fusarium isolate, SRRC1606, and for both Cladosporium isolates based on the examined loci. Using additional species sequences obtained from Gen Bank, the phylogenetic associations for each genomic region were explored and observed species haplotype associations for the Fusarium sequences; however, this was not the case for the Cladosporium sequences. There was evidence of recombination in both loci for the Fusarium species, but only in the translation elongation factor locus for the Cladosporium sample population. Fusarium coalescent analyses for both loci inferred two lineages, one containing only F. oxysporum sequences and the other containing the remaining species examined. These same analyses for the Cladosporia inferred ancient segregation of one lineage, containing only the outgroup taxa, from a second lineage that exhibited recent divergence events among the other taxa examined. Mycological population dynamics and analyses can achieve a better understanding of interventions to protect consumers from contaminated foods. They occupy very diverse habitats such as plumbing drains [4], tomato plants [5], cosmetics [6], and hospitals [7,8]. Previous research has emphasised the value of molecular techniques, beyond morphological investigation, as critical components for reliable fungal classification. For example, utilization of a molecular technique on Fusarium , known as PCR-ITS-RFLP, was able to further distinguish between strains within the Fusarium Solani Species Complex (FSSC) [9]. A newly developed species-specific primer, for the conserved regions of 28s-rDNA and the intergenic spacer, to genotype F. oxysporum f. sp. psidii was reported by Mishra and co-workers [10]. New genotypes and races of F. Oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum were discovered, through comparison with previously described races, using sequences from translation elongation factor, phosphate permease, and beta-tubulin genes [11]. Similar attention has been focused on the use of molecular techniques to differentiate Cladosporium species [12-15]. The identities of two races of C. fulvum were recently confirmed by amplifying and sequencing 580bp of their respective ITS regions [5]. Molecular association of metabolite production with fungal genes has also been investigated such as in the FUM-1 (fumonisin) gene, and both TRI-13 and TRI-7 trichothecene genes in F. proliferatum and F.verticillioides , respectively [16]. Also, molecular techniques were used to elucidate
Projection methods for conic feasibility problems; applications to sum-of-squares decompositions

This paper presents a projection-based approach for solving conic feasibility problems. To ﬁnd a point in the intersection of a cone and an aﬃne subspace, we simply project a point onto this intersection. This projection is computed by dual algorithms operating a sequence of projections onto the cone, and generalizing the alternating projection method. We release an easy-to-use Matlab package implementing an elementary dual projection algorithm. Numerical experiments show that, for solving some semideﬁnite feasibility problems, the package is competitive with sophisticated conic programming software. We also provide a particular treatment of semideﬁnite feasibility problems modeling polynomial sum-of-squares decomposition problems.
DMSO_A_267952 3471..3479

1Departments of Population Health, Psychiatry, and Biostatistics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; 2Department of Biostatistics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; 3Departments of Medicine and Endocrinology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Abstract: Mounting evidence shows a disproportionate COVID-19 burden among Blacks. Early findings indicate pre-existing metabolic burden (eg, obesity, hypertension and diabetes) as key drivers of COVID-19 severity. Since Blacks exhibit higher prevalence of metabolic burden, we examined the influence of metabolic syndrome on disparate COVID-19 burden. We analyzed data from a NIH-funded study to characterize metabolic burden among Blacks in New York (Metabolic Syndrome Outcome Study). Patients (n=1035) were recruited from outpatient clinics, where clinical and self-report data were obtained. The vast majority of the sample was overweight/obese (90%); diagnosed with hypertension (93%); dyslipidemia (72%); diabetes (61%); and nearly half of them were at risk for sleep apnea (48%). Older Blacks (age≥65 years) were characterized by higher levels of metabolic burden and comorbidities (eg, heart disease, cancer). In multivariate-adjusted regression analyses, age was a significant (p≤.001) independent predictor of hypertension (OR=1.06; 95% CI: 1.04–1.09), diabetes (OR=1.03; 95% CI: 1.02–1.04), and dyslipidemia (OR=0.98; 95% CI: 0.97–0.99), but not obesity. Our study demonstrates an overwhelmingly high prevalence of the metabolic risk factors related to COVID-19 among Blacks in New York, highlighting disparate metabolic burden among Blacks as a possible mechanism conferring the greater burden of COVID-19 infection and mortality represented in published data.
Re-examining the Impact of Remittances on Human Development: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

: Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) continues to lose its skilled workers through migration in a form of brain drain. In return remittances from these migrant workers to the region have been surging and now constitute a major external source of finance. Do these increasing inflow of remittances contribute to human development? This paper examines the impact of remittances on human development in 30 SSA countries using the system Generalized Method of Moments (sGMM) approach for the period 2004-2018. The empirical results show that remittance inflows impact positively on human development in SSA. Based on the empirical results, it is imperative for SSA countries to have a clear-cut policy framework and strategies on migration to attract, increase and harness the full benefit of remittances.
Identi�cation of Common Oncogenic Genes and Pathways Both in Osteosarcoma and Ewing’s Sarcoma Using Bioinformatics Analysis

Objective: This study aimed to explore common oncogenic genes and pathways both in osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma. Methods: Microarray data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were respectively identi�ed using the limma package, followed by intersection of common DEGs. Then, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed and hub genes were identi�ed. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis was analyzed. The expression of common oncogenic genes was validated in 38 osteosarcoma and 17 Ewing’s sarcoma tissues by RT-qPCR and western blot. Results: 201 genes were differentially expressed. There were 121 nodes and 232 edges in the PPI network. 12 genes were considered as hub genes. Functional enrichment analysis results showed that hub genes FN1, COL1A1 and COL1A2 were all involved in extracellular matrix, protease binding and ECM-receptor interaction, which could be involved in the development of osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma. Among common oncogenic genes, FN1, COL1A1 and COL1A2 were lowly expressed both in osteosarcoma and Ewing’ s sarcoma tissues at mRNA and protein levels. Conclusion: Our �ndings revealed that common oncogenic genes such as FN1, COL1A1 and COL1A2 and pathways were both in osteosarcoma and Ewing’ s sarcoma.
R EPRESENTATION AND B IAS IN M ULTILINGUAL NLP: I NSIGHTS FROM C ONTROLLED E XPERIMENTS ON C ONDITIONAL L ANGUAGE M ODELING

Inspired by the phenomenon of performance disparity between languages in machine translation, we investigate whether and to what extent languages are equally hard to “conditional-language-model”. Our goal is to improve our understanding and expectation of the relationship between language, data representation, size, and performance in one-to-one conditional language modeling through a series of systematically controlled experiments with the Transformer and parallel data on the 6 diverse, official languages of the United Nations — in 30 directions, 5 sizes, and 3 primary representation types in character, byte, and word, along with 5 alternate variants for a secondary set of controls. We observe indications suggesting a script bias on the character level, a length bias on the byte level, and a word bias that gives rise to a hierarchy in performance across languages. We also identify two types of sample-wise non-monotonicity — while word-based representations are prone to exhibit Double Descent, length can induce unstable performance across the size range studied in a novel meta phenomenon which we term erraticity. By eliminating statistically significant performance disparity on the character and byte levels, we show that, in the context of computing with the Transformer, there is no complexity intrinsic to languages other than that related to their statistical attributes and that performance disparity is not a necessary condition but a byproduct of word segmentation. Our application of statistical comparisons as a fairness measure also serves as a novel rigorous method for the intrinsic evaluation of languages, resolving a decades-long debate on language complexity. We hope our work helps open up new directions in the area of language and computing that would be fairer and more flexible.
Prevalence of Hypothyroidism in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Aim: We determined the prevalence of hypothyroidism in a cohort of patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and analyzed the potential factors associated with hypothyroidism in this patient population. Methods: Two hundred and forty-six patients with proven NAFLD attending hepatology clinics from October 2012 to June 2017 and 430 age, gender, race and BMI matched control subjects seen in the general internal medicine clinic were included. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of hypothyroidism who were on thyroid replacement therapy were hypothyroid. Results: Hypothyroidism was more frequent among patients with NAFLD (21% vs 9.5%.; P<0.01) compared to controls and was higher in NASH patients than NAFLD patients without NASH (25% vs 12.8%, P=0.03). Subjects with hypothyroidism were 2.1 (95% CI: 1.1, 3.9, P=0.02)) and 3.8 (95% CI: 2,6.9, P<0.001) times more likely to have NAFLD and NASH respectively. By Multivariate analysis, female gender (P<0.001) and increased BMI (P=.03) were associated with hypothyroidism. NAFLD with mild alcohol consumption were less likely to have hypothyroidism compared to those who reported complete abstinence (OR 0.37, P=0.008). Conclusions: This study showed a higher prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients with NAFLD compared to controls. It was also demonstrated that patients with hypothyroidism were more likely to have
Estimation of Sediment Yield using Swat Model: A Case of Soke River Watershed, Ethiopia

:- Soil erosion is a process of detachment/dispatch/ of soil particles due to raindrop and runoff. This results in the deposition of sediment causing reduced flood-carrying capacity affects water qualify instability of structure and natural streambeds and banks. This study is about the estimation of sediment yield and reduction of sediment yield with appropriate mitigation measures. The input data for the model were obtained from different organizations; After the input data are organized and assembled it was used for model simulation. Later simulation result was calibrated and validated using Calibration Uncertainty Procedure (SWAT-CUP). The efficiency evaluation criteria’s Coefficient of determination (R 2 ), and the Nash-Sutcliffe simulation efficiency (ENS) were used for performance evaluation of the model. The result from the calibration and validation of both flow and sediment were greater than 0.7; this indicated that there was very good agreement between observed and simulated outputs. The model prediction result shown that the annual sediment yield produced from the watershed to be 8.80 tons/ha/year. Also, the most sediment yielding and erosion-prone subbasins were identified as well as ranked from first to fifth as subbasin 6, 9, 8, 5, and 3 respectively. Finally, for proper management of the watershed seven scenarios were developed and the best management practice identified was scenario three (30% of agricultural land changed to forest mixed land) with 26.13% sediment reduction. Moreover, applying filter strips and terracing in low slope areas reduces 24.28% and 18.83% respectively could be implemented as an operational management strategy.
Microarray Gene Expression Analysis: Data Transformation and Multiple-Comparison Bootstrapping

A simple transform function is proposed to preprocess the intensity of gene expression, where the intensity can be that of a colored dye for cDNA microarrays or a gauge of probe matching for oligonucleotide arrays. A new measure of skewness is introduced to show that the transform function effectively reduces the asymmetry of intensity values for Affymetrix data of Golub et al. (1999). This transform approaches a logarithmic transform for large intensities, but approaches a linear transform for small intensities, so that the effect of spurious ratios of small intensities is avoided. When the intensity is the average difference (AD) score, the suggested transform function preserves the stochastic nature of AD values rather than resetting negative values to arbitrary positive values. A conservative estimator of the fold-change based on this transform is proposed. After the B-cell ALL and the AML data of Golub et al. (1999) was transformed, a nonparametric bootstrapping method found that the number of genes considered differentially expressed is 172 when controlling the family-wise error rate at the 5% level and 709 when controlling the false-discovery rate at the 1% level. D. R. Bickel, Computing Science and Statistics, presented at Interface ‘02 on 4/19/02; www.mathpreprints. com
Acoustic correlates of hypernasal fricatives Wu Sek Hong A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing

This study applied ERB analysis for measuring acoustic correlates of hypernasal fricatives produced by speakers with different aetiologies (cleft palate, maxillectomy and dysarthria). The speech materials were consonants /n/ and /s/ segmented from two Cantonese single words and four Cantonese oral sentences. Results showed that hypernasal speakers produced /s/ with significantly higher mean amplitudes at frequencies below 2500 Hz, and significantly lower mean amplitudes at frequencies above 3500 Hz. The findings were consistent with those obtained from a previous study with one-third-octave analysis using consonants (Chen, 2005). Slightly better correlations were found for ERB analysis in quantifying hypernasality than one-third-octave analysis.
GenesExpression of Selected Immune Response Autoimmune Diabetes and Modifies the Allogeneic Newborn Blood Ameliorates Transfusion of Nonobese Diabetic Mice with

Although allogeneic bone marrow transplantation has been shown to prevent autoimmune diabetes in heavily irradiated nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, a similar procedure is not suitable for the treatment of patients with type 1 diabetes because of associated severe side effects. Therefore, we evaluated whether mouse newborn blood (NBB), equivalent to human umbilical cord blood, could be used for diabetes prevention without recipient preconditioning. To test this hypothesis, unconditioned, prediabetic female NOD mice were given a single injection of whole NBB derived from the allogeneic diabetes-resistant mouse strain C57BL/6. Transfusion of allogeneic NBB but not adult blood prevented diabetes incidence in a majority of treated mice for a prolonged period of time. This was accompanied by the release of insulin in response to a challenge with glucose. Invasive cellular inﬁltration of islets was also substantially reduced in these mice. Although NBB transfusion induced a low level of hematopoietic microchimerism, it did not strictly correlate with amelioration of diabetes. Induction of genes implicated in diabetes, such as Il18 , Tnfa , and Inos but not Il4 , Il17 or Ifng , was repressed in splenocytes derived from protected mice. Notably, expression of the transcription factor Tbet/Tbx21 but not Gata3 or Rorgt was upregulated in protected mice. These data indicate that allogeneic NBB transfusion can prevent diabetes in NOD mice associated with modulation of selected cytokine genes implicated in diabetes manifestation. The data presented in this study provide the proof of principle for the utility of allogeneic umbilical cord blood transfusion to treat patients with autoimmune diabetes. The Journal of Immunology
Send Programme in Pakistani School Systems: Need for Special Children’s Wellbeing Psychotherapy

Send Programme is official code of practice for teachers who work for the children with special educational needs and disabilities. It is a family centered system having four major areas of special education, need and support. Send was introduced to support the needs of special children. Educational needs are addressed by dealing with the issues like communication, cognition, learning, social and emotional needs and mental health. Communication means the transfer or swapping of message or knowledge through reading, writing or any other form. Communication and interaction need comprises of difficulty dealing with others. The children often find difficulty showing their expressions and feelings. They even are unable to receive and perceive the facial expression and body language of others. Communication and Interaction Need is basically referred to the children having difficulty in uttering words and sounds. These children are unable to understand the spoken language and the techniques relevant to that. They are also having no communication because they are unable to understand what others are saying. They are in a need of social care which is required to be given to them by the society by their siblings, parents, extended family, teachers and surroundings. So that, they can learn a way to express their proper emotions and feelings to others.
An Empirical Validation of Integrity Risk Factor Metric: An Object-Oriented Design Perspective

— Software is said to be secure if it is less prone to attack. Secure design leads building secure software. It is also required to check software design to assure that the design is safe or less prone to attack. In this paper, we proposed a methodology to scrutinize class hierarchy against security. Two security metrics and integrity state transition model has been developed for quantitative assessment of Integrity Risk. The methodology to check integrity of class hierarchy is implemented on online music store case study with experimental validation. This work is an effort to measure and rank security of software at the design stage of software development.