Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RANDR: Record and Replay for Android Applications via Targeted Runtime Instrumentation

The ability to repeat the execution of a program is a fundamental requirement in many areas of computing from computer system evaluation to software engineering. Reproducing executions of mobile apps, in particular, has proven difficult under real-life scenarios due to multiple sources of external inputs and interactive nature of the apps. Previous works that provide record/replay functionality for mobile apps are restricted to particular input sources (e.g., touchscreen events) and present deployment challenges due to intrusive modifications to the underlying software stack. Moreover, due to their reliance on record and replay of device specific events, the recorded executions cannot be reliably reproduced across different platforms. In this paper, we present a new practical approach, RandR, for record and replay of Android applications. RandR captures and replays multiple sources of input (i.e., UI and network) without requiring source code (OS or app), administrative device privileges, or any special platform support. RandR achieves these qualities by instrumenting a select set of methods at runtime within an application's own sandbox. In addition, to enable portability of recorded executions across different platforms for replay, RandR contextualizes UI events as interactions with particular UI components (e.g., a button) as opposed to relying on platform specific features (e.g., screen coordinates). We demonstrate RandR's accurate cross-platform record and replay capabilities using over 30 real-world Android apps across a variety of platforms including emulators as well as commercial off-the-shelf mobile devices deployed in real life.
EXAMINING THE STRUCTURAL RELATIONSHIPS OF SERVICE RECOVERY, DESTINATION IMAGE AND BEHAVIOURAL INTENTIONS OF FOREIGN TOURISTS: A PROPOSAL

The tourism industry remains one of the important sectors expected to continually generate revenues and contribute to Malaysia’s economic growth. The competitive situation within the tourism industry worldwide requires Malaysia to a develop strategic marketing strategy in line with tourist’s preference to sustainably retain its reputation as one of the favourable tourist destinations in the region. A review of the literatures reveals that tourism is an image-driven industry, where tourists assess their travel experience as a whole and they associate destinations with the entire ranges of local producers and suppliers. Service failures in tourism industry are inevitable, hence this study attempts to examine the relationships between Service Recovery Satisfaction and post Destination Image from the perspectives of tourists. Such efforts would make tourism policy makers aware of the service recovery practices undertaken by the tourism organisations and collaborate with them to enhance the destination image. Based on the premise that customer loyalty has great benefits to entities such as tourist destination, this study develops a model to evaluate the effect of Satisfaction with Service Recovery on the Loyalty Intention of tourist and the relationship between Destination Image and Loyalty Intention. Randomlyselected respondents from the population of international tourists departing from international airports are selected to be involved in the study. Factor Analysis was used to test the factorial validity of constructs and Structural Equation Modelling was used to test the goodness of the proposed hypothesised model designed to consider Service Recovery, Destination Image and Loyalty Intention simultaneously. Findings of this study will provide useful insights to tourism organization pertaining to appropriate strategies that should be undertaken by hoteliers to improve the image of the destination and ultimately influence tourist positive post-visit behaviours such as repurchase and dissemination of positive word-of-mouth.
Behavioural insights in poverty reduction policies 1

A growing number of international experiences point to the fact that, in many situations, government policies and programmes suffer from compromised results and wasted resources due to an error that is entirely avoidable nowadays: the fundamental misunderstanding of how people—both those involved in the design and implementation of policies and programmes and, especially, their end users— perceive the individual components of these programmes and policies and make their decisions. Regarding policies geared towards overcoming poverty, such a misunderstanding can have disastrous results when considering the lost opportunities for the promotion of the welfare and autonomy of potential beneficiaries.
JELLY BEAN WORLD:

Machine learning has shown growing success in recent years. However, current machine learning systems are highly specialized, trained for particular problems or domains, and typically on a single narrow dataset. Human learning, on the other hand, is highly general and adaptable. Never-ending learning is a machine learning paradigm that aims to bridge this gap, with the goal of encouraging researchers to design machine learning systems that can learn to perform a wider variety of inter-related tasks in more complex environments. To date, there is no environment or testbed to facilitate the development and evaluation of never-ending learning systems. To this end, we propose the Jelly Bean World testbed. The Jelly Bean World allows experimentation over two-dimensional grid worlds which are filled with items and in which agents can navigate. This testbed provides environments that are sufficiently complex and where more generally intelligent algorithms ought to perform better than current state-of-the-art reinforcement learning approaches. It does so by producing non-stationary environments and facilitating experimentation with multi-task, multi-agent, multi-modal, and curriculum learning settings. We hope that this new freely-available software will prompt new research and interest in the development and evaluation of never-ending learning systems and more broadly, general intelligence systems.
Identification and Expression of Heat Shock Protein 60 (HSP60) from the Ark Shell Scapharca broughtonii

ABSTRACT Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) is evolutionarily highly conserved, and it assists with protein folding in the mitochondria and serves as a molecular chaperone, increasing cell survival under various conditions. Studies of HSP60 in molluscs under stress conditions remain limited. Here, this study first characterize a full-length HSP60 cDNA from the ark shell Scapharca broughtonii (termed SbHSP60) containing a 1,725-bp open reading frame corresponding to a deduced protein of 574 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of approximately 61.4 kDa. The deduced protein has 72.3%–80.3% amino acid identity with homologs from invertebrates and vertebrates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that SbHSP60 grouped with proteins from other molluscs, forming a sister cluster to the HSP60 proteins from vertebrates. The expression pattern of SbHSP60 as examined by quantitative real-time PCR suggested that these mRNA transcripts were distributed across all examined tissues. The highest levels of expression were found in the hepatopancreas and gill, with decreasing levels of expression in the mantle, foot, hemocytes, and adductor muscle. Expression of SbHSP60 after challenge with Vibrio anguillarum showed similar upregulation profiles in the hepatopancreas and gill, indicating that SbHSP60 is involved in the bacterial defense process as an acute-phase protein. Levels of SbHSP60 in the hepatopancreas and gill were higher in cadmium-exposed individuals than in controls. SbHSP60 was significantly upregulated by Cd stress in the gill, but expression was less affected in the hepatopancreas, implying different roles in cellular Cd stress protection. The effects of heat stress on SbHSP60 mRNA expression were duration- and tissue-specific. The induction of SbHSP60 in the heat-stressed group occurred predominantly in the hepatopancreas, suggesting that protein damage and the consequent requirement for the HSP60 protein are increased during the heat shock process.
Effects of Thermal Stress and Ocean Acidification on the Expression of the Retrotransposon Steamer in the Softshell Mya arenaria

ABSTRACT The softshell Mya arenaria is an ecologically and commercially important bivalve mollusc that develops a fatal cancer known as disseminated neoplasia or hemocyte leukemia. This cancer, like many human cancers, involves the master control gene of apoptosis, p53. This gene is also known to interact with retrotransposons, and a growing body of evidence suggests that p53 actually controls retrotransposon expression and subsequently oncogenesis. The recent description of a retrotransposon (i.e., Steamer) in adult M. arenaria and its potential involvement in the oncogenesis of hemocyte leukemia has been suggested. Juvenile clams, previously shown not to develop hemocyte leukemia, were exposed to climate-related changes in seawater temperature and pH predicted for the year 2100. All juvenile softshells do express the retrotransposon Steamer. When juvenile clams are exposed to predicted climate-related changes in temperature and pH in the Gulf of Maine, it significantly induces Steamer expression, specifically in treatments where clams were exposed to low pH. For juvenile individuals of M. arenaria and potentially other bivalves, Steamer may be a candidate biomarker for exposure to ocean acidification conditions.
GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay – A major milestone for diagnosing Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin-resistant cases in pulmonary and extrapulmonary specimens

Background and Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) is an endemic disease in Iraq. Many methods are available to diagnose pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). The most traditional test is the sputum smear for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). However, it is well known for its low sensitivity and specificity. On the other hand, culturing AFB although considered the gold standard for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), yet it takes long time to confirm or exclude the presence of TB. The WHO has recommended the use of a gene-based molecular technique called GeneXpert (GX) MTB/rifampicin (RIF) for rapid and accurate detection of MTB in pulmonary and extrapulmonary (EPTB) sites. GX is a quick, fully automated system that can be easily used with minimal training. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the GX test for diagnosing MTB in pulmonary and extrapulmonary sites in Kurdistan/Iraq that is considered as an endemic area for TB, as well as testing the ability of this technique to identify the resistant strains of these bacilli to first-line anti-TB treatment. Methodology: A total of 925 (504 males and 421 females) patients attended the TB center in Erbil/Iraq from August 2015 to August 2017. These patients were clinically diagnosed or suspected to have TB. Two sputum samples were collected from each patient and subjected to AFB smear staining. The other portions of the sputum were examined by GX assay, and a number of cases were grown on the Lowenstein–Jensen media. For extrapulmonary fluid samples, the same tests were done. Results: Seven hundred and forty-three were pulmonary samples, and the remaining 182 cases were extrapulmonary specimens (cerebrospinal fluid, peritoneal aspirate, pleural fluid, urine, and blood). Of these, 575 had their AFB smears done which was positive for in 184 (32%) and negative in 391 (68%) cases. On the other hand, real-time polymerase chain reaction using GX technology was positive in 228 (39.65%) while negative in 347 (60.34%) cases. The sensitivity and specificity of the GeneX versus AFB smear considering culture as a gold standard were 94.9% and 80.1%, respectively. In addition, GX technique revealed that about 20 (14.3%) of positive MTB cases were resistant to RIF therapy. Conclusion: The current study displayed the real significance of using GX test in diagnosing MTB in pulmonary and extrapulmonary specimens to save time and to avoid unnecessary anti-TB treatment.
Mitochondrial Pathways in Cancer

Cancer is considered to primarily be the result of multiple driver genetic lesions. [1] Nevertheless, emerging evidence suggests that non‐genetic mechanisms may be involved in phenotypic plasticity and cellular adaptation in tumor microenvironment. Cell‐intrinsic and ‐extrinsic factors, such as epigenetic modifications, hypoxia, crosstalk with surrounding cells and metabolic state of the cells, contribute to metabolic heterogenicity. [2‐4] Recently, there is a renewed interest to explore mitochondrial mechanisms as a promising target for novel anticancer treatment, especially in tumor types with higher mitochondrial mass and respiratory activity such as leukemia. [5,6]
Evaluation of Accuracy of Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytology: Review of Morphology and Diagnostic Challenges in Each Category

Background: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in salivary gland lesions is challenging for the cytopathologists due to diverse morphological pattern and overlapping morphologic features which are responsible for the pitfalls. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the Milan system in the diagnosis of salivary gland lesions and to discuss and review the morphology and diagnostic challenges in individual Milan categories. Materials and Methods: The study was a retrospective diagnostic analytical study in the department of pathology at a tertiary care hospital attached to medical college over a duration of 2 years. All the salivary gland FNAC cases were reviewed and divided into six categories as per the proposed Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology. Histopathology correlation was performed wherever possible. Results: A total of 131 cases formed the study group. The number of cases in each category were: nondiagnostic 4.5%, nonneoplastic 51.9%, atypical lesions 0.76%, neoplastic category benign neoplasm 21.37%, salivary lesion of uncertain malignant potential 1.52%, suspicious category 2.29%, and malignant category 17.5%. The risk of malignancy for each categories were 6.25% (nonneoplastic), 100% (atypical), 3.3% (neoplastic), 0% (benign), 25% (salivary neoplasm of uncertain neoplastic potential), 100% (suspicious for malignancy), and 100% (malignant) categories. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of FNAC with application of Milan system was 89.4%, 100%, 100%, and 95.74%, respectively. Conclusion: The high efficacy of FNAC obtained in the present study, when Milan system was applied, confirms the usefulness of this scheme in reporting salivary gland lesions.
Efficacy and Efficiency of Papacarie versus Conventional Method in Caries Removal in Primary Teeth: An SEM Study

Background: Chemomechanical methods such as Papacarie were developed as alternate dental caries removal methods to overcome major disadvantages of the conventional drilling technique. However, few studies have demonstrated the efficacy of Papacarie for caries removal using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and efficiency of Papacarie and the conventional bur method in caries removal from primary teeth. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 30 freshly extracted, human primary molars with dentinal caries were obtained from the outpatient clinics at the Dental Hospital of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Each tooth was sectioned mesiodistally into two halves through the center of the lesion, and each half was randomly subjected to caries removal by Papacarie (Group I) and excavation using the conventional bur method (Group II). Time taken (efficiency) for removal of caries was noted using a stopwatch. Samples were then examined under SEM for presence of bacterial colonies (efficacy). For efficiency, data were analyzed using chi-square, and for efficacy, using t-test. Results: There was no significant difference in the presence of bacteria in both groups under SEM (Papacarie = 23.3%; conventional method = 16.7%; P = 0.52). However, significantly more time was taken for caries removal with Papacarie (mean = 351.56 s) than with the conventional bur method (mean = 158.41 s) (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Papacarie is as effective in removing dentinal bacteria as the conventional caries removal method but is less efficient, as the time taken for excavation was longer.
Severe Methemoglobinemia Secondary to Ferula asafoetida Ingestion in an Infant: A Case Report

Methemoglobinemia is an increase in the methemoglobin levels in the blood. Infants are more susceptible to develop secondary methemoglobinemia because of the limited activity of methemoglobin reductase B enzyme. We report a case of life-threatening methemoglobinemia secondary to ingestion of Ferula asafoetida herbal remedy in an infant who presented with cyanosis and severe respiratory distress. The patient had two brothers who had a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and the patient's deficiency status was unknown, and thus, methylene blue was not initiated whereas ascorbic acid was unavailable. Accordingly, the patient was successfully treated with hyperoxia. Based on this case, the authors suggest that the use of F. asafoetida as an herbal remedy should be avoided in infants, and pediatricians should be aware of such toxicity and inform parents appropriately.
Nomophobia and Health Hazards: Smartphone Use and Addiction Among University Students

Background: Nomophobia, a state of socio-psychological illness, refers to a fear of lack of access to mobile phone, which is thought to be a modern age disorder that causes negative health risks and harmful psychological effects. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the smartphone use and nomophobia disorder among university students. Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional method in which 320 students were selected via cluster sampling. Data collection tools included a nomophobia and smartphones use questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software in two sections: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Results: The incidence rate of nomophobia among the students was moderate (3.1), and 73% of the students were moderate smartphone users. Nomophobia had a significant relationship with gender, age group, and level of education; and the frequency of using smartphones had a significant relationship with age group and level of education. There was a positive correlation coefficient between nomophobia and the frequency of using smartphones. The mobile phone use predicted nomophobia with a beta coefficient of 0.402 (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Given the incidence rate of nomophobia disorder was moderate, it is necessary to make preventive decisions and plan educational programs in this regard for the health of university students. Alternative actions are recommended for the treatment in low rate of nomophobia, but drug therapy should be used in more advanced stages; therefore, it is suggested that more attention to be paid to students’ free time and entertainments.
Nutritional correlates of the overwintering and seaward migratory decisions and long-term survival of post-spawning Atlantic salmon

Abstract Despite the importance of iteroparity (i.e. repeated spawning) for the viability of Atlantic salmon populations, little is known about the factors influencing the migratory behaviour and survival prospect of post-spawned individuals (kelts). To test the hypothesis that post-spawning nutritional condition underlies differences in spatiotemporal aspects of the habitat use and survival of migrating Atlantic salmon kelts, we physiologically sampled and acoustically tagged 25 individuals from the Middle River, Nova Scotia in autumn 2015. Kelts were subsequently tracked within their natal river during the winter months, and as far as 650 km away along known migration pathways towards the Labrador Sea and Greenland. Some kelts were detected nearly 2 years later, upon their return to the natal river for repeat spawning. Overall, kelts in poor or depleted post-spawning nutritional state (i.e. low body condition index or plasma triglyceride level): (i) initiated down-river migration earlier than higher condition kelts; (ii) experienced higher overwinter mortality in the natal river; (iii) tended to spend greater time in the estuary before moving to sea and (iv) did not progress as far in the marine environment, with a reduced probability of future, repeat spawning. Our findings suggest that initial differences in post-spawning condition are carried through subsequent migratory stages, which can ultimately affect repeat-spawning potential. These results point to the importance of lipid storage and mobilisation in Atlantic salmon kelts for mediating post-spawning migratory behaviour and survival.
Learning embeddings of a heterogeneous behavior network for potential behavior prediction

Potential behavior prediction involves understanding the latent human behavior of specific groups, and can assist organizations in making strategic decisions. Progress in information technology has made it possible to acquire more and more data about human behavior. In this paper, we examine behavior data obtained in real-world scenarios as an information network composed of two types of objects (humans and actions) associated with various attributes and three types of relationships (human-human, human-action, and action-action), which we call the heterogeneous behavior network (HBN). To exploit the abundance and heterogeneity of the HBN, we propose a novel network embedding method, human-action-attribute-aware heterogeneous network embedding (a4HNE), which jointly considers structural proximity, attribute resemblance, and heterogeneity fusion. Experiments on two real-world datasets show that this approach outperforms other similar methods on various heterogeneous information network mining tasks for potential behavior prediction.
The nuclear translocation of insulin‐like growth factor receptor and its significance in cancer cell survival

The nuclear translocation of insulin‐like growth factor receptor type 1 (IGF‐1R) has been documented in a variety of previous studies. The exact mechanism of this translocation, however, is still poorly understood. Furthermore, the functional role of IGF‐1R in the nucleus shows promise of transcriptional control. This function is particularly important in cancer cells. Understanding this role may also give insights into cancer biology and treatment methods. Processes including SUMOylation and clathrin‐mediated endocytosis are necessary for IGF‐1R nuclear translocation to occur. The antiapoptotic qualities of IGF‐1R likely contribute to its function in cancer cells. This review aims to synthesize the work on IGF‐1R in order to propose a mechanism of translocation. Using this mechanism, new therapeutic targets can be proposed that hinder the role of IGF‐1R in cancer metastasis.