Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From tobacco smoking to mutational signature: the role of epigenetic changes in human cancers

Background Tobacco smoking is associated with a unique mutational signature in the human cancer genome. It is unclear whether tobacco smoking -altered DNA methylations and gene expressions affect smoking-related mutational signature.Methods We evaluated the smoking-related DNA methylation sites reported from five previous studies using peripheral blood cells to identify possible target genes. Using the mediation analysis approach, we evaluated whether the association of tobacco smoking with mutational signature was mediated through altered DNA methylation and expression of these target genes.Results Based on data obtained from 21,108 blood samples, we identified 374 smoking-related DNA methylation sites, annotated to 248 target genes. Using data from DNA methylations, gene expressions and smoking-related mutational signature generated from ~7,700 tumor tissue samples across 26 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we found 11 of the 248 target genes whose expressions were associated with smoking-related mutational signature at a Bonferroni-correction P < 0.001. This included four for head and neck cancer, and seven for lung adenocarcinoma. In lung adenocarcinoma, our results showed that smoking increased the expression of three genes, AHRR , GPR15 , and HDGF, and decreased the expression of two genes, CAPN8 , and RPS6KA1 , which were consequently associated with increased smoking-related mutational signature. Additional evidence showed that the elevated expression of AHRR (cg14817490) and GPR15 (cg19859270), were associated with smoking-altered hypomethylations. Lastly, we showed that the elevated expression of HDGF and decreases expression of RPS6KA1, were associated with poor survival of lung cancer patients.Conclusions Our findings provide novel insights into the contributions of tobacco smoking to carcinogenesis through complex molecular mechanisms of the elevated mutational signature by altered DNA methylations and gene expressions.
Análisis general del spss y su utilidad en la estadística

Analyzing quantitative data is a challenge that comes from the 80s, within the field of educational research, at each of the levels it presents, even more so now that there is an abundance of information available for each of the institutions and themes that are wanted approach. Alsina (2017) considers the importance of Statistics within society, because before a highly technified community, the inhabitants must have useful tools to be able to know, represent and interpret reality under a critical thought, with the purpose of being able to change it or predict the behavior of a variable in the future. As indicated by Lopez & Facheli (2015), there is a maelstrom of statistical programs, which allows you to perform tasks on different topics to record data, debug them, treatment of them, transformation of variables applying the necessary techniques for the processing of statistical calculations and Represent them graphically. This article will analyze the benefits of SPSS software, used for qualitative data analysis, being applied in almost all branches of Science, highlighting its usefulness, proper handling and easy understanding, having a wide variety of statistical issues oriented mostly to the social sciences, covering all the needs of the statistical calculation of researchers and professionals in the field to which it applies.
An investigation of the experimental conditions which could affect water‐holding capacity of dietary fibre

The water-holding capacity (WHC) of various sources of vegetable and cereal dietary fibre has been measured under different experimental conditions. WHC was measured by centrifugation and filtration. The results obtained suggest that prolonged soaking has no effect on WHC. Fibre agitation, the presence of buffer (pH 7.5), and the presence of bile salt (deoxycholate) also had no effect on WHC, except for never-dried potato fibre (NDPF) (fresh fibre concentrate). WHC, however, does vary with the method of measurement and the WHC determined by centrifugation was greater than that determined by filtration. The differences in WHC between NDPF and dried potato fibre are not due to gross chemical differences in the fibre. The conditions used for the preparation of dietary fibre and the measurement of its WHC, therefore, must be carefully controlled before the role of fibre in the diet can be better understood.
The Risk of Diabetes on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background To determine the role of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we explored the clinical characteristics of patients with DM and compared risk factors such as age, glycemic control, and medications to those without DM. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of 117 confirmed patients with COVID-19 which conducted at a tertiary hospital in Daegu, South Korea. The primary outcome was defined as the severe and critical outcome (SCO), of which the composite outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, intensive care unit care, and 28-day mortality. We analyzed what clinical features and glycemic control-related factors affect the prognosis of COVID-19 in the DM group. Results After exclusion, 110 participants were finally included. DM patients (n=29) was older, and showed higher blood pressure compared to non-DM patients. DM group showed higher levels of inflammation-related biomarkers and severity score, and highly progressed to SCO. After adjustment with other risk factors, DM increased the risk of SCO (odds ratio [OR], 10.771; P<0.001). Among the DM patients, SCO was more prevalent in elderly patients of ≥70 years old and age was an independent risk factor for SCO in patients with DM (OR, 1.175; P=0.014), while glycemic control was not. The use of medication did not affect the SCO, but the renin-angiotensin system inhibitors showed protective effects against acute cardiac injury (OR, 0.048; P=0.045). Conclusion The COVID-19 patients with DM had higher severity and resulted in SCO. Intensive and aggressive monitoring of COVID-19 clinical outcomes in DM group, especially in elderly patients is warranted.
The Effects of Synchrony on Group Moral Hypocrisy

Humans have evolved various social behaviors such as interpersonal motor synchrony (i.e., matching movements in time), play and sport or religious ritual that bolster group cohesion and facilitate cooperation. While important for small communities, the face-to-face nature of such technologies makes them infeasible in large-scale societies where risky cooperation between anonymous individuals must be enforced through moral judgment and, ultimately, altruistic punishment. However, the unbiased applicability of group norms is often jeopardized by moral hypocrisy, i.e., the application of moral norms in favor of closer subgroup members such as key socioeconomic partners and kin. We investigated whether social behaviors that facilitate close ties between people also promote moral hypocrisy that may hamper large-scale group functioning. We recruited 129 student subjects that either interacted with a confederate in the high synchrony or low synchrony conditions or performed movements alone. Subsequently, participants judged a moral transgression committed by the confederate toward another anonymous student. The results showed that highly synchronized participants judged the confederate’s transgression less harshly than the participants in the other two conditions and that this effect was mediated by the perception of group unity with the confederate. We argue that for synchrony to amplify group identity in large-scale societies, it needs to be properly integrated with morally compelling group symbols that accentuate the group’s overarching identity (such as in religious worship or military parade). Without such contextualization, synchrony may create bonded subgroups that amplify local preferences rather than impartial and wide application of moral norms.
An Impact on Content Based Image Retrival: A Perspective View

The explosive increase and ubiquitous accessibility of visual data on the Web have led to the prosperity of research activity in image search or retrieval. With the ignorance of visual content as a ranking clue, methods with text search techniques for visual retrieval may suffer inconsistency between the text words and visual content. Content-based image retrieval (CBIR), which makes use of the representation of visual content to identify relevant images, has attracted sustained attention in recent two decades. Such a problem is challenging due to the intention gap and the semantic gap problems. Numerous techniques have been developed for content-based image retrieval in the last decade. We conclude with several promising directions for future research.
Experimental Localization of Kv1 Family Voltage-Gated K+ Channel α and β Subunits in Rat Hippocampal Formation

In the mammalian hippocampal formation, dendrotoxin-sensitive voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channels modulate action potential propagation and neurotransmitter release. To explore the neuroanatomical basis for this modulation, we used in situ hybridization, coimmunoprecipitation, and immunohistochemistry to determine the subcellular localization of the Kv channel subunits Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kv1.4, and Kvβ2 within the adult rat hippocampus. Although mRNAs encoding all four of these Kv channel subunits are expressed in the cells of origin of each major hippocampal afferent and intrinsic pathway, immunohistochemical staining suggests that the encoded subunits are associated with the axons and terminal fields of these cells. Using an excitotoxin lesion strategy, we explored the subcellular localization of these subunits in detail. We found that ibotenic acid lesions of the entorhinal cortex eliminated Kv1.1 and Kv1.4 immunoreactivity and dramatically reduced Kv1.2 and Kvβ2 immunoreactivity in the middle third of the dentate molecular layer, indicating that these subunits are located on axons and terminals of entorhinal afferents. Similarly, ibotenic acid lesions of the dentate gyrus eliminated Kv1.1 and Kv1.4 immunoreactivity in the stratum lucidum of CA3, indicating that these subunits are located on mossy fiber axons. Kainic acid lesions of CA3 dramatically reduced Kv1.1 immunoreactivity in the stratum radiatum of CA1–CA3, indicating that Kv1.1 immunoreactivity in these subfields is associated with the axons and terminals of the Schaffer collaterals. Together with the results of coimmunoprecipitation analyses, these data suggest that action potential propagation and glutamate release at excitatory hippocampal synapses are directly modulated by Kv1 channel complexes predominantly localized on axons and nerve terminals.
Insights from the analysis of phosphorylation sites in the CK2 alpha catalytic subunit

Protein kinase CK2 is a critical regulator of several cellular and molecular signaling pathways. CK2 is unanimously distributed in eukaryotes and subsists in tetrameric complexes comprising two catalytic alpha and two regulatory beta subunits. Several reports have confirmed that protein kinase CK2 has great significance in diverse biological courses, particularly in cellular growth and proliferation in normal and disease conditions. However, in silico analysis of phosphorylation sites in the catalytic alpha subunit of CK2 remains to be elucidated. We described the distribution of predicted (neural network predictions for serine (S), threonine (T) and tyrosine(Y)) STY phosphorylation sites in CK2 alpha subunit of 15 multicellular and 2 unicellular organisms. We also showed the clustering of CK2 alpha subunit in these organisms using a phylogram. This data showed the prevalence of CK2 alpha subunits with potential STY phophorylation sites in several eukaryotic unicellular and mulicellular organisms that could be significant in the context of enigmatic protein kinase activities of CK2, enzyme-substrate interactions, further ligand-binding studies and new therapeutic interventions.
Fragmentation and Genetic Diversity in Romnalda (Dasypogonaceae), a Rare Rain forest Herbaceous Genus from New Guinea and Australia

Rain forests are expected to be amongst the ecosystem types most affected by fragmentation due to their high species diversity, high endemism, complexity of interactions, and contrast with surrounding altered matrix. Due to their shorter life cycles and dependence on canopy cover, rain forest understory herbs are expected to indicate the effects of recent fragmentation more rapidly than canopy trees. This study investigated all four known species of the genus Romnalda, all of which are rare rain forest herbaceous species, to investigate the possible effects of habitat fragmentation and isolation on genetic diversity and gene flow. Allozymes were used as genetic markers and regional remnant vegetation maps were used to compare landscape fragmentation. We found that R. strobilacea populations in a highly fragmented landscape were genetically depauperate compared with those of its congeneric species that are found within continuous rain forest habitats and that allelic diversity decreased with decreasing population size but not geographic distance in R. strobilacea. Given the similarity among the species, our results indicate that all Romnalda species are potentially susceptible to loss of genetic diversity due to habitat fragmentation within relatively short timeframes. The results indicate that populations are not highly genetically differentiated and there is little evidence of genetic provenance where the species have restricted geographic ranges. Thus, species recovery programs would be better to focus on maintaining population size and genetic diversity rather than population differentiation.
Zwei-Richtungs-Versuche mit Brieftauben: Langstreckenflüge auf der Nord-Süd-Achse in Westdeutschland

Zusammenfassung Von vier Punkten in der Umgebung von Gies (Abb. 1) liesen wir 112 Brieftauben gleicher genetischer Herkunft auf, von denen 49 in Freiburg i. Br. (925 km sud), in Osnabruck (200 km Nord) und 16 in der Nahe von Wilhemshaven (Hohenkirchen, 335 km Nord) beheimatet waren, die Tauben waren vorher hochstens 45 km vom Heimatschlag entfernt worden, die meisten weniger einige uberhaupt noch nicht. Schon im Sichtbereich bevorzugten die adfliegenden Taben Richtungen, die dem jeweiligen Schlagort zugewandt waren (Abb.2). Einzelne Verschiedenheiten des Abflugbildes an den vier Auflaspunkten lassen sich teilweise mit Anziehung durch Ortschaften erklaren (Abb.1). Eine uberall sichtbare Neigung, nach links von der Heimatrichtung abzuweichen-Gleichgultig, ob sie nach Norden oder Suden weist (Abb. 4) — ist aber von der Topographie her nicht zu verstehen. Eine klare Trennung nach Heimatorten ergibt auch die Lage der Wieder-funde von verlorenen Tauben (Abb. 3). Der Heimkehrerfolg der „nordlichen” Tauben war eindeutig besser als der der „sudlichen” („Richtungseffekt”; Tab. 2). Dem entspricht bei diesen eine starkere Streuung der Abfluge und Wiederfunde.
Student Perception of Home Background and the Aquisition of English Language in Mbonge Municipality

The present study was intended to find out students perception of home background and the acquisition of English Language in Mbonge Municipality. Specific objectives were to examine how financial status of parent influence English language, investigate how educational level of the parents influence language acquisition, to examine how parent marital status influence English language acquisition and to find out how parenting style affect language acquisition. A descriptive survey research design was used on a sample of sixty (60) students using the simple random sampling technique. A closed ended questionnaire was used for the collection of data. The respondents were required to strongly agree, agree, strongly disagree and disagree to identify student perception of home background and its influence on language acquisition. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistic particularly frequencies, averages and percentages. The findings showed that, financial status of the parents influence English language acquisition, educational level of parents’ influences language acquisition, marital status of parents influences English language acquisition and parenting style affect language acquisition. It was therefore concluded that students’ perception of home background influence English language positively in Mbonge municipality.
Factors Influencing Autonomously Generated 3D Geophysical Spatial Models

Understanding the contribution of geophysical variables is vital for identifying the ore indicator regions. Both magnetometry and gamma-rays are used to identify the geophysical signatures of the rocks. Density is another key variable for tonnage estimation in mining and needs to be re-estimated in areas of change when a boundary update has been conducted. Modelling these geophysical variables in 3D will enable investigate the properties of the rocks and improve our understanding of the ore. Gaussian Process (GP) was previously used to generate 3D spatial models for grade estimation using geochemical assays. This study investigates the influence of the following two factors on the GP-based autonomously generated 3D geophysical models: the resolution of the input data and the number of nearest samples used in the training process. A case study was conducted on a typical Hammersley Ranges iron ore deposit using geophysical logs, including density, collected from the exploration holes.
Evaluation of Efficiency of Different DNA Extraction Protocols and Molecular Identification of Commercial Soybean ( Glycine max. , L.) Growing in Turkey

Four DNA extraction methods were used to obtain DNA from herbarium specimens of soybean and fresh soybean seeds, and germinated soybean seeds in this study. The quality of DNA obtained was estimated by using a spectrophotometer to measure the A260/280 absorbance ratio. Four different DNA extraction methods were compared for the isolation of DNA from the soybean homogenates, namely the CTAB extraction method, Plant Genomic DNA Purification Kit method, EZ1 Nucleic acid isolation method, and DNA extraction with phenol purification and liquid nitrogen. The main goal of study is to evaluate various methods of DNA isolation in terms of DNA yield and amplification quality. To preserve DNA well, it is necessary to dry plants as fast as possible. Extraction results depend on how the plant material is prepared, and the type of chemicals or DNA isolation protocols used. Obtaining high quality DNA depends on the isolation technique used. Several methods that are useful for dry plant tissue from herbarium specimens have been described (9, 16, 19). Four extraction protocols were compared using fresh material and dry herbarium specimens and seeds. Plant Genomic DNA Purification Kit method; the concentration of DNA in the second elution extract was very low, thus repeated elution was not applied. DNA extraction is done with phenol purification and liquid nitrogen. This technique is not quite suitable for fresh plant leaves. It is usually used for herbarium samples of at least 0.2 g CTAB extraction method. This protocol is quite suitable for DNA isolation from the fresh plant material or germinated seed plantlets. The total DNA was isolated from approximately 0.5-1 g of fresh leaves (conserved in CTAB) of the same collection of sample. EZ1 Nucleic acid isolation tehnique is quite useful for high yield and quality of DNA isolation from dried
Evaluation of the Relationships between Saliency Maps and Keypoints

Considering that the saliency map is applied to environment recognition by mobile robots, various changes in photographing condition are expected to affect the input image. The change affects spatial frequency components of the image. If the spatial frequency changes, the response of Gaussian filter also changes, then, the effect reflects saliency map. Considering that the saliency map is used to select the keypoints of the image, changes in the saliency map affect the results of feature selection, then, input data of detectors vary. Thus, recognition results are influenced according to the change in photographing conditions.
Machine learning based for reducing energy conserving in WSN

Two main factors pose challenges in designing wireless sensor network systems, namely energy and bandwidth. In this paper, we will focus on the topic of decreasing energy consuming in wireless networks by employing the Artificial intelligent in this domain. In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the sensors are working by small batteries. Since the small batteries are restricted power resources, they should use carefully. The proposed algorithm extends the life of these batteries by making use of artificial intelligence science in general and cluster technology in particular, by finding the optimal number of clusters for the network so that the routing process consumes the least amount of energy and that is the bottleneck in the energy consumption in the network. The K-mean algorithm used as the basis for the network sensor clustering process and optimal fixed packet size used according to radio parameters and transceiver channel conditions. By following this manner, the energy consumption of each sensor node can be decreased individually then the overall network lifetime will be increased.
Developmental changes of GHR and IGF-I mRNA expression in lamb rumen

Lambs from birth (0-day-old) to 56-day-old were selected in present study to investigate developmental changes of growth hormone receptor (GHR) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) mRNA expression in their rumen tissue. Forty-five lambs (5 lambs per group) were slaughtered at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56 days of age respectively for sampling the tissue of the rumen dorsal sac. The abundance of GHR and IGF-I mRNA were detected through real-time quantitative PCR method. The results indicated that the expression levels of GHR and IGF-I mRNA had similar change tendency in rumen tissue that the GHR and IGF-I mRNA abundance decreased with age from birth to 56-day-old. There was significant positive correlation between the two gene mRNA expression levels. The results suggested that GHR and IGF-I gene expression levels had the specific developmental pattern in rumen tissue.
The rich world of applicable algal photoreceptors

Free-swimming algae need light not only to produce chemical energy by photosynthesis, but also to initiate and regulate many survival processes like gene expression, protein and lipid synthesis [1]. In addition, some fundamental cellular processes such as cell division and cellular differentiation during sexual and asexual development are also affected or controlled by light, especially in complex multicellular algae [2,3]. To identify suitable environments for growth and development during their fast life cycle, the photosynthetic microalgae measure the changes in light parameters, i.e. quality, quantity, direction and duration permanently. Therefore, a highly sensitive light reception system is needed for high accurate light monitoring which introduces fast changes in swimming behavior directly or indirectly or light-dependent signal transduction cascades that lead to physiological changes.