Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A STUDY ON CAPTCHAs THE CHALLENGE RESPONSE TEST

–In the world of humongous security threats it has became mandatory for a website to use a CAPTCHAs where CAPTCHAS plays a vital role in the web security by differentiating bots and humans. It acts as a security barrier that identifies the bots and stops its access. CAPTCHAS stands for “Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart”. This paper covers the different types of CAPTCHAS, Attacks on CAPTCHAS, hacking of CAPTCHAs and some future CAPTCHAs that include the regional languages and gaming ideas.
Chemical composition of essential oils from Citrus species peels and its insecticidal potential effect on cowpea

Volatile oils from the peels of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) lemon (Citrus limon) and grape fruit (Ctrus paradiisi) were comparatively evaluated on cowpea plant at flowering and at pod stage weekly four weeks.the volatile oil were extracted by GC/MS,the main compound of the peels essential oil were oleic acid, benzene 1-ethyl -2methyl,decane and undecane which constitute the bulk of the three oil in these percentages (22.56%, 23.19%, and 24.26%, 3.6%, 10.32% and 7.90%, 15.24%, 16.28% and 13.64%, 9.42%, 15.74% and 12.34%) for sweet Orange, Grape, and Lemon fruits. These oils were used for the growing of cowpea plant, the citrus peels had insecticidal properties. Keyword: Fruit, Citrus, Extract, GC/MS, Oil. Introduction Citrus essential oils are obtained from various Citrus species found within the family Rutaceae and the subfamily Aurantioideae; these include about 17 species distributed throughout the tropical and temperate regions [1] they are evergreen trees that give fruits of different forms and sizes (from round to oblong), which are full of Fragrances, flavour and juice. The citrus genus includes various species; Oranges (Citrus sinensis), Lime (Citrus aurantifolia), Tangerine (Citrus reticulate), Lemons (Citrus Limon) and Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi). Citrus is one of the most important Citrus is widely grown in Nigeria and many other tropical and subtropical regions [2]. Commercially-grown crops in the world Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) walp) is an annual herb with varying growth forms. It may be erect, trailing, climbing or bushy, usually in determinate under favorable conditions. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) walp) is one of the most ancient human food sources and has probably been used as a crop plant since Neolithic times. A lack of archaeological evidence has resulted in contradicting views supporting Africa, Asia and South America as origin. Some literature indicates that cowpea was introduced from Africa to the Indian subcontinent approximately 2 000 to 3 500 years ago, at the same time as the introduction of sorghum and millet, while others state that before 300 BC, cowpeas had reached Europe and possibly North Africa from Asia. Nigeria is the world’s leading cowpea producing country, followed by Brazil. Other countries in Africa, e.g. IJRDO-Journal of Biological Science ISSN: 2455-7676 Volume-3 | Issue-6 | June,2017 | Paper-5 70 West Africa, are Nigeria, Senegal, Ghana, Mali and Burkina Faso. Ghana, Niger, and Cameroon are significant producers. Although Nigeria is the largest producer of cowpea in the world producing about 56 percent of the world production, it is also the largest consumer of cowpea in the world [3]. This research was aimed at determining the potentials of the peels of Citrus species to control the pest of cowpea both in the field and storage. Materials and Methods
Robust Multi-Objective Singular Optimal Control Ofpenicillin Fermentation Process

The determination of optimal feeding profile of fedbatch fermentation requires the solution of a singular optimal control problem. The complexity in obtaining the solution to this singular problem is due to the nonlinear dynamics of the system model, the presence of control variables in linear form and the existence of constraints in both the state and control variables. Traditionally, during the optimization process, uncertainties associated with design variables, control parameters and mathematical model are not considered. In this contribution, a systematic methodology to evaluate uncertainties during the resolution of a singular optimal control problem is proposed. This approach consists of the Multiobjective Optimization Differential Evolution algorithm associated with Effective Mean Concept. The proposed methodology is applied to determine the feed substrate concentration in fed-batch penicillin fermentation process. The robust multiobjective singular optimal control problem consists of maximizing the productivity and minimizing the operation total time. The overall profit is considered as a postprocessing criterion in the choice and implementation of a result contained in the Pareto set. The results obtained indicate that the proposed methodology represents an interesting approach to solve this kind of problem.
Digital On-Board FDM-Demultiplexing without Restrictions on Channel Allocation and Bandwidth

Three modifications of the efficient and highly modular tree-structured approach to FDM-demultiplexing for on-board processing are proposed. With these modifications the restrictions of the original tree-FDMUX [1,8] as to channel allocation and bandwidth are completely overcome whilst, with the best of those three methods, the computational burden is not even doubled and the modularity is only marginally diminished: The tree-structured FDMUX with partly over-lapping passbands and stopbands of the contiguous transfer functions of the directional filter transfer functions
Analysis of the perceptions of national rowing athletes’ hopelessness and self-esteem levels

The aim of this study is to analyze whether the national athletes' perceptions of hopelessness and their self-esteem levels differ in terms of different variables (age, marital status, and income status, place of residence, educational status, and active national career). The study group of the research consists of 200 active male national rowing athletes. "Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS)" was used to determine the hopelessness perceptions of the rowers participating in the research, "Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) and the personal information form created by the researcher were used to determine the selfesteem levels. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0 package program was used to analyze the data. Independent Samples T Test was used in binary groups and One-Way ANOVA tests were used in groups of three and above. LSD test was used to determine which groups favor significant differences as a result of One-Way ANOVA. Significance level is accepted as p < 0.05. According to the results of the research, the level of hopelessness (x = 12.32) of the national rowing athletes was found to be moderate and the self-esteem levels (x = 29.63) are high. Considering different variables, there is no statistically significant difference in self-esteem levels in terms of hopelessness levels according to age, income status, place of residence, educational status. Moreover, according to marital status variable, there is no significant difference in levels of hopelessness and self-esteem. While there is no significant difference in self-esteem levels according to active national career, statistically significant difference was found in perceptions of hopelessness (p < 0.05).
The cost of being alone: the fate of floaters in a population of cooperatively breeding pied babblers Turdoides bicolor

The occurrence of group-living behaviour has often been explained by the benefits individuals receive through cooperation; including increased reproductive output, vigilance against predators, and load-lightening behaviour. However, to fully understand the benefits of group-living, it is important to quantify the costs of living alone. Here, we look at the fate of floaters (individuals who have no fixed territory and remain alone for extended periods) in a population of cooperatively breeding pied babblers Turdoides bicolor. We found that individuals spent less time foraging and more time vigilant for predators when found as a floater compared to when they were in a group. Consequently, they suffered a continuous loss of body mass, with long-term floaters suffering the highest losses. This had a long-term effect: floaters that eventually did regain a position in a group usually entered as helpers, in contrast to dispersers, who usually entered a new group as breeders. This high cost of living alone highlights the benefits of group-living and may help to understand patterns of delayed dispersal in some social species.
A Leaf Recognition System for Classifying Plants Using RBPNN and pseudo Zernike Moments

-Plants are among the earth's most useful and beautiful products of nature. Plants have been crucial to mankind's survival. The urgent need is that many plants are at the risk of extinction. About 50 % of ayurvedic medicines are prepared using plant leaves and many of these plant species belong to the endanger group. So it is very necessary to set up a database for plant protection. We believe that the first step is to teach a computer how to classify plants. Leaf /plant identification has been a challenge for many researchers. Several researchers have proposed various techniques. In this paper we have proposed a novel framework for recognizing and identifying plants using shape, vein, color, texture features which are combined with pseudo Zernike movements. Radial basis probabilistic neural network (RBFNN) has been used as a classifier. To train RBFNN we use a dual stage training algorithm which significantly enhances the performance of the classifier. Simulation results on the Flavia leaf dataset indicates that the proposed method for leaf recognition yields an accuracy rate of 95.12%
Designing hybrid approach Spell checker for Oriya

-This paper Illustrates on different aspects of designing Spell checkers in Indian languages and a hybrid approach to the design of Oriya language Spell checker. Oriya is a morphologically rich language in which most of the morphemes coordinate with the root words in the form of suffixes. Spelling errors like substitution, transposition, insertion and deletion of characters can be handled using different approaches like Minimum edit distance classifiers & N-gram approach and Morphological analysers. To build an efficient Oriya spellchecker for generating high percentage of suggestion accuracy the technique combined with Edit distance, N-gram approach, and Morphological analyser is the best. The algorithm generates appropriate suggestion set for misspelled words by matching with the dictionary words. The algorithm implemented in such a way that searching complexity is minimum. It considers word length of misspelled words and accordingly it minimizes searching of characters from the dictionary. We carried out several experiments to compare different approaches for generating percentage of suggestion accuracy from given misspelled words.
Efﬁcient Video Filtering of MPEG-7 Streams

The production of digital multimedia content is continuously increasing. With the advent of the digital cable, satellite and terrestrial televisions, thousands of channels are practically available for users. Moreover, multimedia is widely used in many professional applications, such as video program production, video surveillance, and e-learning. Consequently, the use of techniques for video retrieval as well as video ﬁltering is becoming of crucial importance. The adoption of the MPEG-7 standard is a signiﬁcant step forward in simplifying the video retrieval and ﬁltering. However, the performance issue can be relevant if the retrieval must be accomplished in real time, as in some applications such as the video surveillance or video ﬁltering in general. Moreover, the number of streams to search, the number of queries, and the computational complexity of the feature similarity measure can heavily affect the effectiveness of such real time ﬁltering applications. In this paper we present the Pivoted Stream , a novel approach for efﬁcient ﬁltering of a video stream by using the MPEG-7 descriptors. Our proposal exploits the properties of the metric spaces, in order to reduce the computational load of the ﬁltering receiver.
Five species of Gyrodactylus Nordmann, 1832 (Monogenea) from freshwater fishes of Peru.

Five species of Gyrodactylus Nordmann, 1832 (Monogenea) are described from freshwater fishes of the Chicama and Moche rivers of Peru. The parasites represent the first known species of the genus from South America. Four species are new: G. lebiasinus n.sp. , G. bimaculatus, n.sp. , and G. slendrus n.sp. from Lebiasina bimaculata (Characidae) and G. pimelodellus n.sp. from Pimelodella yuncensis (Pimelodidae). Gyrodactylus turnbulli Harris, 1986 is reported from wild Poecilia reticulata (Poeciliidae). The material includes members tentatively assigned to the G. arcuatus species group, the G. eucaliae group, and the G. rarus group.
Prediction of MIMO Channel Distribution with Transceiver Antenna Limitations

The ability of ideal MIMO channels has a high-SNR slope that equals the minimum of the number of transceiver antennas. This work evaluates if this result holds when there are distortions from physical transceiver limitations. We prove analytically that such physical MIMO/SISO channels have a finite upper capacity limit, for any channel distribution and SNR. The high-SNR slope thus collapses to zero. This appears discouraging, but we prove the encouraging result that the relative capacity gain of employing MIMO/SISO is at least as large as with ideal transceivers. The entire results will be shown in MATLAB platform effectively.
INFORMATION EXTRACTION FROM MICROBLOGS DURING DISASTER SITUATION: A REVIEW

) expanding the query and subsequently retrieving and ranking microblogs with respect to the expanded query. Language modeling and word embeddings methods used to extract from the topic text. It also found that query expansion can also be performed by Rocchio expansions methods and method based on word2vec. These two query expansion strategy identify different expansion terms for the initial query and ranking model. Based on the performance with manual and automatic query and two ranking models like language model of indri and word2vec-based model. The result shows that [1] word2vec based model gives better result in both the cases where (p<0.05).
INSECT EGG COUNTING ON MASS REARING OVIPOSITION PADS BY IMAGE ANALYSIS

Variability of egg quantities laid on rearing trays during large–scale production of sterile insects can cause economic losses due to overfeeding or underfeeding. In addition, quality control measures to monitor egg numbers are both tedious and laborious. Methods were developed to count pink bollworm egg numbers on oviposition pads using histogram features from 10–bit grayscale images of the pads. Egg count prediction by regression analysis produced highly significant predictive model equations when individual histogram bin values or cumulative histogram bins (multiple thresholds) were used as independent variables. Models using cumulative histogram bin values appeared more robust as the mean squared error values were slightly lower. There was little difference in prediction results when using camera resolutions of 183, 139, and 94 pixels/cm. Automation of this methodology may allow a mass rearing facility to obtain oviposition pad segments with the desired number of eggs  10%, increasing insect yield and/or quality and minimizing diet costs. In addition, the methodology will allow entomologists to quickly and accurately count eggs from laboratory or large–scale experiments.
TAPERED TRANSITION TO SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE FOR MMIC`S

Usually transitions from microstrip line to rectangular waveguide are made with three-dimensional (3-D) complex mounting structures. In this paper, a new planar platform is developed in which the microstrip line and rectangular waveguide are fully integrated on the same substrate, and they are interconnected via a simple taper. Our experiments at 29 GHz show that an effective bandwidth of 11% at 21 dB return loss is obtained with an in-band insertion loss better than 0.6 dB. The new transition allows a complete integration of waveguide components on substrate with MIC’s and MMIC’s.
Position Control of a Hummingbird Quadcopter Augmented by Gain Scheduling

In this paper, a proportional derivative gain scheduling (PD-GS) approach that can control the position of a quadcopter in outdoor conditions is presented. The advantage of this method is smooth tracking, simple to implement in real-time applications, and wind rejection for position performance. The mathematical model of an unmanned quadcopter in the inertial frame has been provided to design appropriate controller for the quadcopter UAV. The response between proposed PD-GS controller and conventional one is compared through simulation and experiment results. The achieved results present the effectiveness of proposed approach.
Reconstruction of f(R, T) = R + λT gravity in presence of bulk viscous fluid

This manuscript is based on the study of modified gravity, in which we have constructed the f(R, T) = R + λT gravity in presence of bulk viscosity. The exact solution is derived for the same for Bianchi type-III spacetime. The obtained result is compared with the Bianchi type-I result. Some of the physical parameters are discussed for the model.
An improved enzymic method for the determination of native and modified starch

An improved method for the determination of starch by sequential hydrolysis with thermostable bacterial α-amylase and fungal amyloglucosidase is described. Glucose was determined colorimetrically by a glucose oxidase-peroxidase-chromogen system at pH 7. Native normal and waxy starches, and distarch phosphate, gave quantitative yields of glucose with a high degree of precision (coefficient of variation less than 1%). Acetylated distarch phosphate, high-amylose starch and retrograded amylose were initially treated with 1M NaOH for 30 min, then neutralised and analysed successfully as normal starch. Oxidised starch did not give a quantitative yield of glucose because of the presence of dicarboxylic groups in the polymer. For samples containing normal and waxy starch the analysis was carried out in about 4 h. The method was applied to a range of starch-containing foodstuffs and the results are reported.
WIRELESS SENSOR BASED POTABLE WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND ANALYSIS USING INTERNET OF THINGS(IOT)

-Water is the most prominent resource needed to lead a healthy life. Hence, it is pretty important to ensure the quality of drinking water and it must be monitored in real time. Internet of things (IoT) is the mesh of real-time devices, where those devices are sensed, controlled remotely and share their data to cloud-based approaches. IoT based smart devices are designed in a manner that they utilize every bit of data available in everyday life and these devices will use the data to interact with real-time systems. In this paper, we proposed a prototype for water quality monitoring system using IoT which constantly monitors the quality of water and controls it in order to provide potable water. This system uses pHsensor's ,levelsensor’s and gas sensor's parameters to measure the water quality. The measured values from the sensors are transmitted to the cloud via the IoT module and the sensor's data can be viewed on system application from anywhere. This project also includes monitoring water quality through mobile devices in the internet via an android application.
Finite Element Analysis of a Beam with Piezoelectrics using Third Order Theory—Part II Dynamic Analysis-Active Vibration Control

In recent year, considerable amount of work has been done on vibration control of Smart structures using piezoelectrics. Active vibration control of a fixed beam using surface bonded piezoelectric sensors and actuators is examined in this work. The finite element model developed is based on Reddy's third order laminate theory. The simulation results show that an increase in the number of sensor/actuator pairs improves the vibration control of the beam. However, the location of the sensors/actuators is even more important in controlling active vibrations. The sensors/actuators pairs when placed near the regions of highest strains give the best vibration suppression and show little effect in the lowest strain regions.
Physical activity and injuries relating to physical fitness of professional firefighters Aktywność fizyczna oraz urazy w relacji do sprawności fizycznej

Introduction: The profession of a firefighter involves multiple factors that directly or indirectly impact on the person’s health. The aim of this study was to establish the correlation between physical fitness of the selected group of firefighters with respect to anthropometric parameters, additional physical activity, and injury rate. Material and methods: The study examined 77 men who worked for the State Fire Service (age: 28.87±9.84 years, body mass: 82.13±9.37 kg, body height: 180.12±6.39 cm). Of he study group, 53% of the fire-fighters had normal BMI, 42% were overweight and 5% had first degree obesity. The study used a survey questionnaire concerning the anthropometric data, previous injuries, physiotherapeutic procedures following the injury, and participants’ involvement in additional physical activity. A physical fitness test battery was used to determine the correlation between physical fitness and: age, BMI and additional physical activity and injury rate. email: agny.nowak@gmail.com This research has been supported by grant NCBiR/DOB-BIO6/05/54/2014 Badania finansowane z grantu NCBiR/DOB-BIO6/05/54/2014 Rehabilitation Advances in Rehabilitation/Postępy Rehabilitacji (2), 13 – 22, 2018 A – preparing concepts B – formulating methods C – conducting research D – processing results E – interpretation and conclusions F – editing the final version 14 A.M. Nowak, B. Molik, A. Wójcik, I. Rutkowska, S. Nowacka-Dobosz, M. Kowalczyk, J. Marszałek Results: Musculoskeletal injuries accounted for 51% of all injuries. Of all injuries, 56% were occupational. The correlations between the results of the handgrip test were insignificant with respect to BMI and age, whereas in other tests, the correlations were statistically significant (p<0.05). No differences were observed in the results of handgrip test between the group of firefighters who were and those who were not involve in additional physical activity. Comparison of the results obtained by firefighters following the injury and without previous injuries revealed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in the 4 x 10 m shuttle run. Conclusions: Age and higher values of BMI are the factors that reduce the level of physical fitness of firefighters. Involvement in additional physical activity is a factor in improving physical fitness of firefighters. Previous injuries the firefighters had suffered did not have an effect on their physical fitness. physical fitness, firefighters, injuries, illness, fire service
Carcass characteristics of growing rabbits fed diets containing increasing levels of cashew nut meal.

Resumo: Este experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de níveis crescentes (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25%) do farelo da castanha de caju (FCC) em rações para coelhos em crescimento sobre as características de carcaça. Foram utilizados 120 coelhos mestiços (Nova Zelândia Branco × Califórnia), 60 machos e 60 fêmeas, com uma média de 45 dias de idade e peso médio de 1.090 ± 151g, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e dez repetições, sendo dois coelhos do mesmo sexo por gaiola. Observou-se que a inclusão do FCC até 20% não influenciou as características de carcaça. Com base nos resultados, pode-se inferir que o farelo da castanha de caju pode ser utilizado em dietas para coelhos em crescimento até o nível de 20%.