Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of High O2 Pretreatment and Gibberellic Acid on Sensorial Quality and Storability of Table Grapes

Kyoho grapes (Vitis vinifera X V. labrusca) were stored under three different treatments at 0°C in 95% relative humidity for 60 days. Grapes in the first treatment were stored in to air (control), in the second treatment the grapes were stored in 80% O2 for 15 days and then transferred into air for 45 days, and in the third treatment the grapes were sprayed with 100ppm of gibberellic acid (GA)3 containing 100ppm of Tween 20 and then kept in air. Compared with the air control, high oxygen pretreatment (HOP) and GA3 maintained higher fruit detachment force and membrane integrity, markedly reduced berry drop, rachis browning and decay and delayed the decrease of soluble solids content (SSC) and vitamin C. In addition, HOP and GA3 retarded the conversion of protopectin to water-soluble pectin and improved berry firmness. HOP resulted in a significantly firmer berry, less berry drop, and more soluble solids content, total acidity and protopectin than those treated with GA3, but did not markedly reduce rachis browning and membrane integrity loss. There were no significant differences in fruit detachment force and water-soluble pectin levels between HOP and GA3. In conclusion, high O2 pretreatment and GA3application retained effectively the quality of harvested grapes.
The paradoxical social system of the DuskyBush-Tanager (Chlorospingus semifuscus): lekking in a nine-primaried oscine?

Abstract We studied the behavior of the Dusky Bush-Tanager (Chlorospingus semifuscus; Thraupinae) in southwestern Colombia, where it seems to exhibit singing assemblages resembling leks. A lek mating system would be paradoxical in a genus noted for its active participation in mixed-species flocks, largely insectivorous diet, and stable pair bond. We used the bird's behavior and the relations between fruit availability, its diet, and its participation in mixed flocks to try to explain the social system. We found males singing in dense linear assemblages, regularly spaced along ridgetops, during early morning and late afternoon hours during much of the year, with a peak from May through August. Singing males occupied small circular territories, which usually were reoccupied the next year by the same males. The critical resource is likely the males themselves, although fruit availability may permit them to remain on territories for long periods; nesting areas are apparently far from the ridgetops. Participation in flocks occured year-round but was somewhat reduced during the singing season and in the singing hours. The evidence of pair bonds in this species, in which males participate at least in nest-site selection and feeding of young, excludes the possibility of a lek mating system in the strict sense. Nevertheless, the system of singing linear assemblies appears to have been superimposed upon the typical social system of the genus. This social system is unique in the entire nine-primaried oscine assemblage.
Identification of quantitative trait loci for δ13C and productivity in irrigated lowland rice

Stable carbon isotope ratio (delta13C) in plants has been suggested as a useful indicator for cumulative Ci/Ca signature in a leaf, water use efficiency, and crop productivity, and is known to have genotypic variation in rice (Oryza sativa L.). We conducted a field study to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for delta13C and other related leaf traits, such as leaf N, specific leaf area, and SPAD value, using recombinant inbred lines derived from an indica x japonica cross grown under flooded conditions. We also examined the genetic associations of delta13C with yield, yield components, and biomass productivity. Putative QTLs for delta13C were identified on chromosomes 2, 4, 8, 9, 11, and 12 across plant parts, stages, and years. Differential expression of QTL for delta13C among stages suggests that each QTL had different functions by stages. The QTLs for delta13C were associated with a few colocated QTLs for leaf traits indicating that their physiological and genetic associations with leaf traits may be complex. Values of delta13C at maturity were negatively correlated with harvest index and grain yield. However, genetic association of these traits could not be clarified due to the absence of co-located QTLs. Further examination would be useful to elucidate the physiological and morphological functions of QTLs for delta13C found in this study.
First record of Thermosbaenacea (Crustacea) from the Southern Hemisphere : a new species from a cave in tropical Western Australia

The crustacean order Thermosbaenacea is reported for the first time from the Southern Hemisphere, from almost fresh water in a cave habitat in tropical Western Australia. Halosbaena tulki, sp. nov. belongs to a genus previously known only from saline waters in the West Indies, Columbia and Canary Is. The discovery is consistent with a very ancient origin of the order and distribution of the genus by plate movements following the breakup of Pangaea.
The Response of Kidney-Bean and Soybean Plants to Aqueous-Spray Applications of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid With and Without Carbowax

1. Soybean plants differ from kidney-bean plants in their response to aqueous-spray applications of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid containing Carbowax. 2. The addition of any of three Carbowaxes to aqueous-spray solutions of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid enhanced its activity in inhibiting growth of kidney-bean plants but did not aid in inducing inhibitory responses in soybean plants. 3. Because of its solubility properties, the ammonium salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is suggested instead of the acid form for use in general herbicidal sprays.
Efficient Storage and Screening System for Onion BAC Clones.

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is an agriculturally important plant, and the genome of onion has been extensively studied at a conventional cytogenetical level. However, analysis of genomic organization in onion is very difficult because of the large genome size, ca. 15,000 Mb per haploid genome, a value about 100 times that of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arumuganathan and Earle 1991). The use of a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vector, by which up to 300-kb fragment can be cloned, is a powerful tool for detailed analysis of complex genomes (Shizuya et al. 1992, Monaco and Larin 1994), especially for genomic analysis of plants with a large genome, such as onion and wheat. Up to now, the construction of a useful TAC (Transformation-competent Artificial Chromosome) library of common wheat, Triticum aestivum, had been reported (Liu et al. 2000), whereas a BAC library of onion has not yet been available. Construction and storage of a BAC library for such a large genome are laborious, and a large space in freezers is necessary for storage. In the case of an onion BAC library, 450,000 clones with 100-kb inserts are necessary to cover 95 % of the total genome, indicating that > four-thousands 96-well plates or > one-thousand 384well plates are necessary to store them individually. In small laboratories, it is difficult to store more than several thousand plates, and such a system is not convenient for personal use. To overcome these shortcomings, we tried to pool BAC clones. We constructed a partial BAC library of onion by using a pBeloBAC11 vector and E. coli strain DH10B (Suzuki et al. 2001); a total of 48,000 clones with an average insert size of 100 kb, that corresponds to 0.32 genome equivalent, were pooled in 480 glycerol stocks as follows.
The floral hosts of Japanese polylectic sweat bees of subgenus Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)

Summary Bee distributions and their life-sustaining relationships with flowering plants occupy keystone positions in both natural and agricultural ecosystems. In Japan, the biology of Lasioglossum has scarcely been investigated. The objective of this study was to record Lasioglossum floral associations based on reference collection specimens. About 1188 specimens were identified and their floral plant species were reported. The polylectic Japanese Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) species visit a wide range of plants; 244 species belonging to 120 genera in 53 families, and include the genera Brassica, Taraxacum, Erigeron, Ixeris, Deutzia, Leucanthemum, Fagopyrum, Phedimus, Persicaria, Hydrangea, Rudbeckia, Weigela, Salix, Crepidiastrum, Aster, and Rosa. The results revealed that Japanese Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) species are very promising pollinators for a wide range of plants belonging to the Brassicaceae and Asteraceae families.
Endogenous Amino Acid Flow in the Duodenum of Dairy Cows

Larsen M. , Madsen T. G. , Weisbjerg M. R. , Hvelplund T. , Madsen J. (Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Foulum, P.O. Box 50, DK8830 Tjele, Denmark, and The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Grønnegaardsvej 2, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark). Endogenous amino acid flow in the duodenum of dairy cows. Accepted October 4, 1999. Acta Agric. Scand. , Sect. A, Animal Sci. 50: 161– 173, 2000. © 2000 Taylor & Francis.
Assemblages of fish along a mangrove–mudflat gradient in temperate Australia

Mangroves are considered to support rich assemblages of fish and invertebrates. Fishes inhabiting mangrove habitats and at various distances from mangroves across mudflats were sampled to: (1) compare fish assemblages between habitats; and (2) determine the influence of mangrove proximity on fish abundance and diversity in three southern Australian estuaries between November 2005 and January 2006. Based on their distribution, fish species were classified as mangrove residents, mudflat residents, generalists or rare species. The assemblage structure of fish in mangroves differed from assemblages 500 m away; however, neither total abundance nor species richness differed significantly between mangroves and mudflats. Mangrove residents and Aldrichetta forsteri (yellow-eyed mullet) displayed strong associations with mangrove habitats, whereas mudflat residents were associated with mudflat habitats. No other fish groups or individual species occurred in higher abundances in either habitat. Total fish abundance, mangrove residents and A. forsteri were positively correlated with pneumatophore density, indicating that the structural complexity of the mangroves might influence the distributions of certain fish species. The current study demonstrated that mangrove habitats in temperate Australia support no greater abundance or diversity of fish than adjacent mudflat habitats and that mangrove proximity does not influence fish distribution at a habitat scale.
The yield and content of Ti, Fe, Mn, Cu in celery leaves (Apium graveolens L. var. dulce Mill. Pers.) as a result of Tytanit application.

Celery is a valuable vegetable plants, due to the properties of dietary, medicinal and taste. It is moderately cold climate plant, well yielding in climatic conditions of our country, with proper selection of varieties and soil. A pot experiment carried out in two one-year series (2001 and 2002 year) examined the effect of various concentrations of Tytanit applied once and twice against NPK fertilization, in comparison to the control object and with mineral fertilization applied (NPK), on the yield of the total biomass, petioles and blades of celery, as well as the content of titanium, iron, manganese and copper. Those elements fulfil a primary role in the process of photosynthesis and (according to literature data) titanium also plays an important function in this process. It was found that foliar fertilization with Tytanit had a favourable effect on increasing the test plant yield. The highest yield of celery biomass was obtained after applying the highest dose of Tytanit. The frequency of spraying resulted in slight changes in the yielding of the test plant. A higher average bioaccumulation of titanium, iron and manganese was observed in blades than in petioles, in series I and II of the study. The highest concentration of Tytanit applied once and twice resulted in a decreasing bioaccumulation of Fe and Mn in the examined parts of celery, in series I and II of the study. The highest amounts of Cu were observed on the control object fertilized with NPK and under the influence of Tytanit application in the lowest concentrations. The average uptake of Ti and Mn with the yield of blades was twice as high as the yield of petioles, while in the case of Fe and Cu, it was higher with the yield of petioles than of blades.
Two New Oxygenated Lobanes from a Soft Coral of Lobophytum Species of the Andaman and Nicobar Coasts

Isolation and structural elucidation of two new lobanes, 17,18-epoxyloba-8,10,13(15)-trien-1b-ol [4] and loba-8,10,13(15)-triene-1b,17,18-triol [7], in addition to a known norsesquiterpenoid, 15-nor-13-keto-β-elemene [1], from a soft coral of Lobophytum species of the Andaman and Nicobar coasts are reported. Structural elucidation of the compounds is based on interpretation of 2D nmr spectral data and chemical conversions
Postnatal Expression of α-Synuclein Protein in the Rodent Substantia nigra and Striatum

A primary goal of our research is to elucidate the mechanisms involved in neuroplasticity of the basal ganglia in both development and in response to injury. One means to this aim is through the analysis of the ontological profile of proteins in the basal ganglia and to correlate their pattern of expression with morphological development. One protein thought to be important in neuroplasticity is α-synuclein. The purpose of this study was to characterize and compare the pattern of expression of α-synuclein protein using immunocytochemistry in the substantia nigra and striatum of the rodent in early postnatal and adult life. Our results demonstrate that there is a high level of expression of α-synuclein protein within cell bodies of the substantia nigra pars compacta in the 1st week of postnatal life that decreases both in intensity and number of immunoreactive cells between postnatal days 7 and 14. This is in contrast to the substantia nigra pars reticulata where α-synuclein protein expression in the neuropil increases after postnatal day 7. In the striatum, expression in early postnatal life is distributed in a mosaic-like fashion and becomes more diffuse after postnatal day 14. Our results support the findings of others that expression of α-synuclein is developmentally regulated and suggest that α-synuclein may play an important role in establishing the function of the basal ganglia. Understanding the role of α-synuclein in the normal basal ganglia may provide insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in neuroplasticity in response to injury.
The role of ginseng total saponin in transient receptor potential melastatin type 7 channels

Abstract Although ginsenosides have a variety of physiologic or pharmacologic functions in various regions, there are only a few reports on the effects of transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) channels. Here, we showed evidence suggesting that TRPM7 channels play an important role in ginseng total saponin (GTS)-mediated cellular injury. The combination techniques of electrophysiology, pharmacological analysis, small interfering RNA (siRNA) method and cell death assays were used. GTS depolarized the resting membrane potentials and decreased the amplitude of pacemaker potentials in cultured interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) in gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The TRPM7-like currents in single ICCs and the overexpressing TRPM7 in HEK293 cells were inhibited by GTS. However, GTS had no effect on Ca2 +-activated Cl− conductance. GTS inhibited the survival of human gastric (AGS) and breast (MCF-7) adenocarcinoma cells. Also, GTS inhibited the TRPM7-like currents in AGS and MCF-7 cells. The GTS-mediated cytotoxicity was inhibited by TRPM7-specific siRNA. In addition, we showed that overexpression of TRPM7 channels in HEK293 cells was inhibited by GTS. Thus, TRPM7 channels are involved in GTS-mediated cell death in AGS and MCF-7 cells, and these channels may represent a novel target for physiological disorders where GTS plays an important role.
Effect of P‐solubilizing Azotobacter chroococcum on N, P, K uptake in P‐responsive wheat genotypes grown under greenhouse conditions

Natural and mutant strains of A. chroococcum were isolated from Indian soils. Their ability to dissolve phosphate and their phytohormone production were tested under in vitro conditions. In addition the effect of bacterial inoculation of Azotobacter on N, P, K uptake by three P responsive wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) under greenhouse conditions at five nutrient levels (Control, 90 kg N ha—1, 90 kg N + 26 kg P ha—1, 120 kg N ha—1 and 120 kg N + 26 kg P ha—1) was studied. In vitro phosphate solubilization and growth hormone production by mutant strains was more than by the soil isolates. Inoculation of wheat varieties with the soil isolates and mutant strains of A. chroococcum showed greater NPK uptakes as compared with parent soil isolates. Mutant strains M15 and M37 were proved to be the most effective for all three wheat varieties with regard to NPK uptake as well as root biomass production under greenhouse conditions. Einfluss P-mobilisierender Azotobacter chroococcum-Stamme auf die N-, P- und K-Aufnahme in P-sensitiven Weizengenotypen unter Gewachshausbedingungen Naturliche Stamme und Mutanten von A. chroococcum wurden aus indischen Boden isoliert und in vitro auf Phosphaterschliesungsvermogen und Phytohormonproduktion gepruft. Des Weiteren war ihr Einfluss auf die N-, P- und K-Aufnahme in 3 P-sensitiven Weizengenotypen (Triticum aestivum) in Gewachshausversuchen bei 5 verschiedenen Dungungsstufen (Kontrolle, 90 kg N ha—1, 90 kg N + 26 kg P ha—1, 120 kg N ha—1 und 120 kg N + 26 kg P ha—1) zu prufen. Das Phosphatlosungsvermogen und die Produktion von Wachstumshormonen war bei den Mutantenstammen unter in-vitro-Bedingungen groser als bei den Bodenisolaten. Die Beimpfung mit den A. chroococcum-Mutanten erbrachte eine hohere N-, P- und K-Aufnahme im Vergleich mit den ursprunglichen Bodenisolaten. Die Stamme M15 und M37 schnitten bei allen 3 Weizengenotypen hinsichtlich Nahrstoffaufnahme und Wurzeltrockenmassebildung am besten ab.
Plant community diversity and growth form responses to herbicide applications for control of Centaurea maculosa.

A field experiment compared the effects of herbicide treatments (picloram, clopyralid and clopyralid + 2,4-D, each at two timings, at the recommended rates for control of the exotic forb Centaurea maculosa) on the structure and species diversity of native plant communities during an 8-year period in western Montana, USA. Floristic composition of replicated treatment plots was sampled before spraying and for 3 years after the initial herbicide applications at two grassland and two early seral forest sites. Following the third year post-spray measurements, half the treatment plots were randomly selected to be resprayed and community sampling was continued for two more years. Diversity was quantified as species richness and Shannon Diversity Index. Standing crops by growth form were estimated by double sampling at the conclusion of the experiment. Herbicide treatments had high efficacy on the target weed, shifting the plant communities back to a grass-dominated structure. Depressions in plant community diversity were small and transitory. In the third year after the initial applications, there were no significant differences among treatments and some herbicide-treated plots had begun to surpass the untreated plots in community diversity measures. With most treatments, respraying 3-4 years after the initial applications did not reduce plant diversity compared to untreated levels. Late season applications, made after most herbicide-susceptible forbs had entered summer drought-induced dormancy, minimized impacts on plant community diversity. The behaviour of herbicide residues in the soil is described in relation to community-level effects. Implications of the results for exotic weed management in conservation settings are discussed.
The Use of Portable Thermal Imaging for Estimating Deer Population Density in Forest Habitats

The reliability of deer population management could be improved with good density estimates, but current methods are either labour-intensive or suffer from uncertainties regarding accuracy. Visibility varies substantially in forests depending on stand type, age and understorey vegetation. In such conditions distance sampling would be an efficient estimation method, but observer disturbance often results in bias when the method is applied to deer. The performance of thermal imaging for estimating deer density by distance sampling was assessed in seven forest deer populations. Thermal imaging equipment can detect the long-wave energy radiated by natural objects, clearly revealing warm-bodied animals even if partly obscured by vegetation. Many more deer were detected at night using a thermal imager than along the same transect routes in daytime. Detection distances were correlated with visibility but were substantially longer than the average distances at which most animals were disturbed. Most deer were detected without causing prior disturbance. Densities were estimated with a coefficient of variation ranging from 10.2-28.4%. Precision depended on sampling effort and sample sizes obtained. A Monte Carlo simulation revealed a quadratic relationship between accuracy and visibility, with accuracy increasing with average visibility and a tendency for deer to select more open habitats within a forest. Under conditions that are likely to be typical of temperate forests (< 40% thicket and neutral selection, or < 70% thicket if thicket is avoided), accuracy was generally good and changed relatively little in relation to visibility and habitat selection. Likely sources of bias as well as alternatives to thermal imaging are discussed. It is concluded that the method would be suitable for estimating ungulate densities in forests with an adequate network of tracks.
Determination of Viability of Loblolly Pine Seedlings after Wilting

1. The study demonstrated that the internal plant water balance, expressed as leaf moisture content in percentage of oven dry weight, could be used to determine viability of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings after wilting. 2. Under the conditions of the experiment a leaf moisture content of 110% was shown to indicate a critical plant water balance, below which the plants did not recover after rewatering. 3. It was significant changes in the roots which restricted water transport to the leaves below this plant water balance, because leaves with a leaf moisture content as low as 76% would regain turgidity when either detached leaves or plants with the roots excised were placed with the cut end in water.