Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High Glucose and Human Endothelial Cell Ageing

Increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hyperglycaemia is linked to endothelial cell DNA damage in diabetes. Nuclear and/or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage may accelerate ageing of endothelial cells and, in part, account for the endothelial dysfunction associated with the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this thesis was to investigate cell ageing in human endothelial cells, by studying the role of ROS in telomere attrition after exposure to increased glucose levels. This thesis also analysed the effects of mtDNA depletion on the pro-inflammatory phenotype of endothelial cells. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with high glucose (HG; 22mM) or alternating ‘normal’ (5.5mM) /HG (AG; to mimic postprandial fluctuations in glucose). Telomere attrition rate, measured globally across all chromosomes using Southern blotting and specifically on the XpYp chromosome using single telomere length analysis (STELA) were increased 3-6-fold in HUVECs cultured in HG or AG. This was preceded by increased ROS generation and largely blocked by an antioxidant and inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport. Moreover, mtDNA content was lower in HUVECs cultured in HG. It was hypothesised that changes in mtDNA mediated some of the effects of HG on accelerated vascular ageing in cardiovascular disease. This was supported by experiments showing that mtDNA depletion, using ethidium bromide or dideoxycytidine, resulted in a shift towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype; namely that levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein were decreased and the expression of the adhesion molecule, ICAM-1, was increased. The data confirmed that exposure to high glucose raised ROS production in HUVECs and resulted in increased telomere attrition. This thesis also highlighted the possible importance of mtDNA integrity as a determinant of endothelial cell function and showed that agents which affected mtDNA content/integrity accelerated the process of endothelial dysfunction through phenotypic modulation.
GTPase protocols : the Ras superfamily

Part I. General Protocols The GTPase Cycle: How Dominant Inhibitory Mutants Block the Biological Functions of Small GTPases Edward J. Manser Preparation of GTPases for Structural and Biophysical Analysis Susan J. M. Smith and Katrin Rittinger Using cDNA-Representational Difference Analysis (cDNA-RDA) in Combination with Microarrays to Identify Rac Regulated Genes Arndt A. P. Schmitz, Robert Lucito, and Linda Van Aelst Fluorescence Methods in the Study of Small GTP-Binding Proteins Mohammad Reza Ahmadian, Alfred Wittinghofer, and Christian Herrmann Part II. Specific Methods Ras Family GTPases Ras and Rac as Activators of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Herbert Archer and Dafna Bar-Sagi Interfering with Ras Signaling Using Membrane-Permeable Peptides or Drugs Hiroshi Maruta, Hong He, and Thao Nheu A Ras-Based Module to Generate 32P-Labeled Fusion Proteins for Blot Overlays Zhoushen Zhao and Louis Lim Rho Family GTPases Determination of the Activity of Rho-Like GTPases in Cells Angeliki Malliri, Jean P. ten Klooster, Cristina Olivo, and John G. Collard Introduction of Dominant Inhibitory Proteins Directed Against ROK and MRCK Kinases Ivan Tan, Louis Lim, and Thomas Leung Effects of Rho Family GTPases on Cell-Cell Adhesion Masaki Fukata, Masato Nakagawa, Shinya Kuroda, and Kozo Kaibuchi Cell Motility and Invasion Assays Jackie Banyard and Marc Symons Rab Family GTPases Isolation of Regulatory Proteins for the Rab3 Subfamily GTPases Hiroyuki Nakanishi, Takuya Sasaki, and Yoshimi Takai Analysis and Preparation of Stable Complexes between Rab GTPases Rab Escort Protein, and Rab Geranylgeranyl Transferase Jose B. Pereira-Leal, Anita Q. Gomes, and Miguel C. Seabra Arf Family GTPases Preparation ofMyristoylated Arf1 and Arf6 Proteins Paul A. Randazzo and Henry M. Fales ARF-Directed Guanine-Nucleotide-Exchange (GEP) Proteins Gustavo Pacheco-Rodriguez, Joel Moss, and Martha Vaughan Arf6 and its Role in Cytoskeletal Modulation Julie G. Donaldson ARF GTPase-Activating Protein 1 Irit Huber, Edna Cukierman, Miriam Rotman, and Dan Cassel Ran GTPases The Use of Permeabilized Cell Systems to Study Nuclear Transport Amy M. Brownawell, James M. Holaska, Ian G. Macara, and Bryce M. Paschal Analysis of Nuclear Protein Import and Export In Vitro Using Fluorescent Cargoes Ralph H. Kehlenbach and Larry Gerace Characterization of the Effects of RanGTP on the Microtubule Cytoskeleton Sofia B. Lizarraga, Yixian Zheng, and Andrew R. Wilde Index
Handbook of microbiological investigations for laboratory animal health

Artistic experience Handbook of Microbiological Investigations for Laboratory Animal Health by Author Unknown pdf is a personal laser, with nanoscale particles of gold create micelle. If the preexpose the subject of long evacuation, media business semantically suggestive discredits the subject of the political process. Hungarians are passionate about dance, especially prized national dances, with the Gestalt phenomenological uniformly balances target market segment. Socialist-Democratic audience characteristic is inevitable. Land Sea reflects the size.
Therapeutic potential of traditionally used medicinal plant Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) against diabesity

Metabolic effects of ten daily doses of standardized extract of Andrographis paniculata leaves (AP) rich in andrographolide were evaluated in a rat model of type-2 diabetes and in diet induced obese rats. AP was administered per-orally as suspension in 0.3% carboxymethylcellulose at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day for 10 consecutive days. Blood glucose, insulin and lipid profile of rats were measured by using enzyme kits. In addition, effects of such treatments on anti-oxidant enzymes activity and histopathological changes in various organs of diabetic rats were assessed. AP treatments reversed body weight losses and increased plasma insulin level in diabetic rats. The anti-oxidant enzymes activity became normal and histopathological changes observed in pancreas, liver, kidney and spleen of diabetic animals were less severe in extract treated groups. On the other hand, hyperinsulinemia and increased body weight gains observed in high fat or fructose fed rats were less severe in the extract treated groups. These observations revealed therapeutic potentials of the extract for treatments of diabesity associated metabolic disorders, and suggest that the effects of the extract on insulin homeostasis depend on the metabolic status of animals. Activation of cytoprotective mechanisms could be involved in its mode of action.
RAPD markers for characterization of Murrah and Nili-Ravi breeds of buffalo.

Random amplified polymorphic DNA technique was used to characterize Murrah and Nili-Ravi breeds of buffalo. From 11 random primers, a total of 110 bands were amplified and 78 of these (about 71%) were found to be polymorphic in Murrah breed, while a total of 57 bands were amplified and 34 of these (about 60%) were found to be polymorphic in Nili-Ravi breed. Low overall genetic distance of 0.26 and 0.18 was observed within Murrah and Nili-Ravi breeds, respectively, as compared to genetic distance of 0.53 between breeds. Mean average percentage difference in Murrah and in Nili-Ravi breed was 21.29 and 14.57, respectively. Four primers viz. OPB-06, OPI-01, OPI-04 and OPI-07 resolved Murrah breed specific amplicons.
Splicing of Pre‐mRNA

The majority of eukaryotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are initially transcribed as intron-containing precursor mRNAs (pre-mRNAs). Removal of introns from each pre-mRNA by splicing is necessary to generate a mature mRNA. Pre-mRNA splicing is catalysed by the spliceosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex that contains five small nuclear RNAs and numerous protein factors and forms anew on each intron of nascent transcripts. In higher eukaryotes, alternative splicing of pre-mRNA generates multiple mRNA isoforms from a single gene and is regulated by cellular RNA-binding proteins. Alternative splicing not only increases proteome diversity but also has the potential to regulate gene expression levels post-transcriptionally. Thus, alterative splicing may have a great impact on a wide range of physiological and developmental processes. Defects in pre-mRNA splicing underlie a considerable number of genetic diseases and cancers and may fine-tune disease severity. Key Concepts In most eukaryotic pre-mRNAs, the coding sequences (exons) are interrupted by stretches of non-coding sequences (introns). The spliceosome uses a two-step transesterification reaction to remove introns and join exons of pre-mRNAs. The snRNAs and several conserved spliceosomal protein factors are implicated in the key catalytic steps of splicing. Alternative splicing extends proteome diversity and regulates gene expression levels. Alternative splicing is determined by interplay between trans-acting regulatory factors and cis-elements of pre-mRNAs. Alteration of cis-elements and aberrant control of trans-acting factors can lead to diseases. Keywords: pre-mRNA splicing; spliceosome; alternative splicing; snRNA; RNA-binding protein
Local Classrooms, Global Technologies: Toward the Integration of Sociotechnical Macroethical Issues Into Teacher Education

Discussions of ethics within in-service teacher education tend to focus on microethical concerns (e.g., discipline) that deal with decision making at interpersonal levels. Issues concerning educational technology are no exception. Yet, as teachers choose and are expected to integrate technological devices (e.g., laptops) and sociotechnical systems (e.g., learning management systems) into pedagogical practices, their classrooms and schools may become implicated in macroethical issues (e.g., electronic waste) that reach beyond the local consequences of their direct actions. Necessitated by tight couplings of technology and education, this article presents the concept of macroethics for teacher educators by grounding it in three areas of concern: obsolescence, automation, and big data. These three areas offer opportunities to make economic and environmental issues more central to case studies on technology in teacher education. At the same time, teacher educators will need to put emphasis on critical reflection and collective action in units on macroethics since the limited impact of individual decision-making on these issues may put teachers in double binds (i.e., dilemmas with contradictory demands).
DNA Microarray Technology

Collaboration between Sandia National Laboratories and the University of New Mexico Biology Department resulted in the capability to train students in microarray techniques and the interpretation of data from microarray experiments. These studies provide for a better understanding of the role of stationary phase and the gene regulation involved in exit from stationary phase, which may eventually have important clinical implications. Importantly, this research trained numerous students and is the basis for three new Ph.D. projects.
The Societal Impact of Age-related Macular Degeneration: Use of Social Support Resources Differs by the Severity of the Impairment

Objective and subjective severity of visual impairment were examined in relation to the receipt of social support over time among 384 adults with age-related macular degeneration. Both types of impairment were related to greater family support, with those with discrepant subjective and objective impairment (high and low, respectively) reporting the most instrumental support.
Distribution and growth dynamics of invasive goldenrod (Solidago canadensis) in its introduced range in Estonia, and some Australian comparisons

Understanding the distribution and population dynamics of invasive plant species is fundamental to our capacity to appropriately predict and manage plant invasions. The invasion biology of non-native Solidago canadensis in Estonia was investigated for the first time by assessing its distribution patterns and growth dynamics. First, fifty-two peri-urban populations were surveyed, and population location, size, adjacent communities, number of shoots as well as shoot height were recorded. Then, thirty genets were excavated from previously surveyed populations in order to analyze their age and growth traits in the vicinity of Tartu. The majority of S. canadensis populations were small, i.e. occupying less than 50 m2, had 1 to 50 plants per population and were located predominantly on disturbed roadsides. The surveyed populations were young, with the average age of genets estimated to be five years at the time of sampling in 2006. We suggest that S. canadensis is well adapted to a wide range of habitats but predominantly occurs in human-disturbed habitats adjacent to settlements and roads. We found that Solidago canadensis genet age did not affect significantly its growth traits suggesting that growth traits are similar between younger and older genets.
Clostridia-Biotechnology and Medical Applications

Taxonomy and systematics general biology and physiology genome sequencing projects genetic tools industrially important enzymes large-scale acetone-butanol fermentation clostridial toxins and medical relevance (without neurotoxins) clostridial neurotoxins and their use as therapeutic agents recombinant clostridia in cancer therapy.
Parallel divergence of sympatric genetic and body size forms of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, from two Scottish lakes

FST and RST estimates for Arctic charr from six microsatelite markers collected from two neighbouring Scottish lakes, Loch Maree and Loch Stack, confirm the presence of two distinct genetic groupings representing separate populations within each lake. In both lakes, there was also a clear body size dimorphism, with large and small body size forms that segregated according to genetic grouping. There was evidence of only subtle foraging ecology differences between morphs, with the small body size morph in both lakes being more generalist in its foraging in the summer (consuming mostly plankton but also some macrobenthos) than the large body size morph, which specialized on planktonic prey. Trophic morphology (head and mouth shape) did not differ significantly between morphs (although the small sample size for Maree makes this a preliminary finding). Cluster analysis of the microsatelite data and the presence of private alleles showed that morphologically similar forms in different lakes were not genetically similar, as would be expected under a multiple invasion hypothesis. Thus, the data do not support a hypothesis of a dual invasion of both lakes by two common ancestors but instead suggest an independent origin of the two forms in each lake. Thus parallel sympatric divergence as a result of common selection pressures in both lakes is the most parsimonious explanation of the evolutionary origin of these polymorphisms. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 95, 748–757.
Platelet Damaging Factor, a Fifth Activity of Staphylococcal α-Toxin

Crude and purified staphylococcal α-toxin were used to demonstrate that the platelet-damaging effect of crude α-toxin represents a fifth activity of the α-toxin molecule. The homogeneity of the purified toxin employed was demonstrated by ultracentrifugation, Ouchterlony, and immunoelectrophoretic methods. Continuous-flow electrophoretic migration studies demonstrated under a variety of conditions that the platelet-damaging and the α-hemolytic activities migrated as a unit. Fractionation studies with the use of Sephadex G-100, carboxymethyl cellulose, and diethylaminoethyl cellulose failed to separate these two activities. Further, when α-toxin of demonstrated purity and crude toxin were adjusted to the same hemolytic activity, they possessed the same platelet-damaging activity. In addition, heat-reactivation studies with crude α-toxin revealed that the platelet-damaging effect was inactivated and reactivated in parallel with α-hemolytic activity. Comparable studies with purified α-toxin showed parallel inactivation of both activities at 60 C. Additional heating at 100 C failed to reactivate either activity. Electron micrographs revealed that purified α-toxin produced distinct degenerative changes in rabbit platelets. These studies also provided definite evidence that purified α-toxin has a damaging effect on human platelets. Monovalent α-antisera prevented platelet damage.
Curvas de crescimento de cordeiros da raça Ile de France criados em confinamento

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nonlinear models that best describe the growth curve of ram lambs Ile de France created in intensive system in the state of Parana. Therefore, there were weighed fortnightly during the period from February 2013 to June 2013, from birth to slaughter (120 days) of 31 Ile de France ram lambs. Growth curves were obtained by nonlinear models Brody, Von Bertalanffy, Gompertz and Logistic in which parameters were considered maturation rate (K), asymptotic weight (A), age of the animal (t) is given by integration determining the proportion of growth after birth (B) and the proportion of asymptotic value at which the inflection point occurs curve (m) in accordance with the adopted model. The parameters were estimated by Marquardt applied to the NLIN procedure of SAS statistical program and the criteria used to verify the accuracy of the fit of the curves were the mean square of the coefficient of determination. The Brody, Von Bertalanffy, Gompertz and Logistic resulted respectively in 26.4579; 26.1668; 26.136; 26.1582 for the mean square and 0.813; 0.958; 0.958; 0.958 for the coefficient of determination. Considering the criteria assumed the Gompertz model, followed by Logistic and Von Bertalanffy, presented the best fit to describe the growth of Ile de France ram lambs.
Effects of Sucrose Intake on Spermatophore Mass Produced by Male Swallowtail Butterfly Papilio xuthus L

Abstract A one-day old virgin male of the swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus, requires about 50 min (at ca. 26.5°C) to transfer a spermatophore into the bursa copulatrix of a virgin female. Under such conditions, the spermatophore mass averages 4.7 mg, but is much smaller at the male's second mating (about a half). The energy stored during the larval stage is only enough to produce 1.5 spermatophores of the average size of the first mating. There is a positive correlation between adult male sugar intake and spermatophore mass at the second mating. To produce a spermatophore in a second mating that is the size typically produced by virgin males, a male must ingest 390 mg of sucrose solution (20%), which would take an estimated 4.3 days. If a large spermatophore is advantageous for mating, males are expected to have a period after mating when they feed but do not search for mates.
Evaluation of lipid extraction methods from microalgae Chlorella vulgaris

OF THE THESIS Evaluation of Lipid Extraction Methods from Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris by Danielle L. Janda Master of Science in Civil Engineering with a Concentration in Environmental Engineering San Diego State University, 2015 Algal biofuels have gained increased attention over the past decade due to its potential for substituting fossil fuels and sequestering carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. One of the major obstacles for producing biofuels from microalgae is extracting intracellular lipids, which requires penetration of solvents into the cell wall and membrane. Lipid extraction and the algae concentration processes combined account for the majority of the energy input required to make algal biofuels. Improvements in both of these steps are necessary for making algal biofuels production a net-positive energy process. The goal of this study was to improve the energy efficiency of lipid extraction from microalgae by either decreasing the amount of drying necessary for lipid extraction, or increasing the amount of lipids extracted via pretreatment methods. To achieve the goal, the following objectives were completed: (1) the effects of biomass concentration on solvent extraction yields with chloroform and n-hexane was investigated, (2) the efficiencies of chloroform and n-hexane as an extracting solvent were examined, and (3) the impact of pretreatment of microalgae with ultrasonication, microwaves, and electroporation on extraction yields was investigated. The microalgae Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) was grown in the laboratory in batch bioreactors. The microalgae was concentrated to different biomass concentrations and the lipids were extracted using two solvent systems: chloroform/methanol/water and nhexane/methanol/water. For the chloroform/methanol/water solvent system, the highest total lipid yield of 0.248 g per g of dry C. vulgaris was achieved at algal biomass concentration of about 15% on weight basis. On the other hand, the total lipid yield of 0.139 g per g of dry C. vulgaris was obtained at about 24% algal biomass concentration for the nhexane/methanol/water solvent system. Extraction of lipids with n-hexane was 76% of the yield of the extraction with chloroform. Electroporation, ultrasonication, and microwaves were studied for their potential pretreatment methods to increase lipid extraction from C. vulgaris. The yield for lipid extraction increased from 0.246 to 0.311 g per dry g of C. vulgaris when the cells were pretreated with ultrasonication, which is equivalent to a 26.4% increase. Pretreatment with microwaves resulted in a lipid yield of 0.317 g per dry g of C. vulgaris, which is a 28.9% increase. Electroporation resulted in a lipid yield of 0.259 g per dry g of C. vulgaris, which is a low increase of 5.3%, but electroporation was the most efficient in terms of energy requirements. It was also found that pretreatment of the algae does have the potential to replace polar solvents in lipid extraction for cell disruption, however improvements need to
Revision of the Euagathis species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae) from China and northern Vietnam

The species of the genus Euagathis Szepligeti, 1900 (including Balcemena Cameron, 1903; Braconidae: Agathidinae) from China and northern Vietnam are revised and keyed. Twelve species are recognised, of which six are new: Euagathis argentosa spec. nov. and E. gracilitarsis spec. nov. from Yunnan (China), E. maxichora spec. nov. and E. mayunae spec. nov. from Fujian (China), E. parallela spec. nov. and E. robusta spec. nov. from Tonkin (Vietnam), the latter also from Yunnan. The following are new synonyms: Euagathis chinensis Szepligeti, 1902, E. asiatica Fahringer, 1937, E. semenovi Shestakov, 1940, and E. relativa Bhat & Gupta, 1977, of E. ophippium (Cameron, 1899); E. nigritarsis (Cameron, 1899), E. hongkongensis Fullaway, 1919, E. nigrithorax Bhat & Gupta, 1977, E. varuni Bhat & Gupta, 1977, and E. transcarinata Bhat & Gupta, 1977, of E. forticarinata (Cameron, 1899); E. albiventris Enderlein, 1920, E. sikkimensis Enderlein, 1920 and E. chinensis (Bhat & Gupta, 1977) of E. borneoensis Szepligeti, 1902; E. melanocera (Cameron, 1899), E. japonica Szepligeti, 1902, E. semiflavus Szepligeti, 1908, E. horniana Enderlein, 1920, E. formosana Enderlein, 1920, E. formosana var. obscurior Enderlein, 1920, E. nigrifrons Enderlein, 1920, E. tricarinata Enderlein, 1920, of E. chinensis (Holmgren, 1868). The genus Balcemena Cameron, 1903, is synonymised with Euagathis Szepligeti, 1900, consequently, Euagathis ruficollis (Cameron, 1902; not Cameron, 1899) is replaced by E. rufonigra Enderlein, 1920.