Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Walrasian equilibria from an optimization perspective: A guide to the literature

An ideal market mechanism allocates resources efficiently such that welfare is maximized and sets prices in a way so that the outcome is in a competitive equilibrium and no participant wants to deviate. An important part of the literature discusses Walrasian equilibria and conditions for their existence. We use duality theory to investigate existence of Walrasian equilibria and optimization algorithms to describe auction designs for different market environments in a consistent mathematical framework that allows us to classify the key contributions in the literature and open problems. We focus on auctions with indivisible goods and prove that the relaxed dual winner determination problem is equivalent to the minimization of the Lyapunov function. This allows us to describe central auction designs from the literature in the framework of primal‐dual algorithms. We cover important properties for existence of Walrasian equilibria derived from discrete convex analysis, and provide open research questions.
A User Mobility-Based Rate Adaptation Approach for Dynamic HTTP Streaming

It is common for users to use smartphones to watch streaming videos when they are walking, taking a bus, or taking a subway. However, the current streaming rate adaptation algorithms are mostly based on the available network throughput or the player buffer occupancy, and the user mobility state is less considered. In order to improve the user experience quality under the mobile streaming media, we propose a user mobility-based rate adaptation approach, which classifies the user mobility state using the random forests algorithm and adopts different rate decision under different mobility states. The experimental results show that compared with popular approaches, our approach reduces the re-buffer events by 24% on average, and reduces the data traffic consumption by 19% on average.
Effects of a 6-week additional work on performance capacity: Hints for a parasympathic overtraining?

Introduction. Maximum performance can only be achieved with an optimal balance of training and recovery. Already 15 years ago Jeukendrup & Hesselink (1994) mentioned that hints can be derived from lactate curves concerning a potential overreaching. In this small study we show the effects of a six-week standard infantry military training on performance capacity in young elite orienteers. The potentially induced overreaching and the ingoing alterations of heart rate patterns and lactate answers shall be analysed. Material & Methods. Five young elite orienteers (22.6 ± 0.52 years / 178.4 ± 7.6 cm / 66.4 ± 3.4 kg) completed an exhaustive treadmill test, first at one and a half year before, second at half a year before and third immediately after completing a six-week period of a session of a hard infantry military training. Results. After the six-week additional military training measurements of heart rate decreased at speed 10.8 km/h from 142.6 ± 11.6 to 129.2 ± 11.9 (p = .0192); at speed 12.6 km/h from 153.4 ± 11.4 to 141.2 ± 12.6 (p = .0192); at speed 14.4 km/h from 166.4 ± 10 to 155.4 ± 12.2 (p = .02); at speed 16.2 km/h from 177.4 ± 6.9 to 168.4 ± 6.5 (p = .0244); at speed 18 km/h from 186.2 ± 5.8 to 181.4 ± 3.6 (p = .0313) compared to the measurement half a year earlier. Discussion. We strongly believe that these lower average heart rates for submaximal speed stages cannot be assessed as positive in terms of performance but might be in accordance with a parasympathetic overreaching respectively parasympathetic stimulation. The increased parasympathetic tone probably required a correspondingly stronger sympathetic stimulus for activation, which, however, could not act as efficiently as after normal training conditions as athletes were not rested well yielding to a shift of the heart rate/performance curve in line with findings of Jeukendrup & Hesselink (1994) of lactate curve in cyclists already 15 years ago.
Institutional Work: A Review and Framework based on Semantic and Thematic Analysis

Institutional work as a concept has evolved and diffused beyond roots in management and organizational studies since it was first defined by Lawrence and Suddaby (2006). A diverse literature and recent criticism call for an extensive review of the field. We conducted a systematic review of 452 peer-reviewed articles in 185 different journals published from March 2006 to December 2019. Semantic analysis revealed changes in topics over time, the rise of institutional maintenance, and a focus on individuals and agency. Using thematic analysis, we inductively categorized the claimed contributions to institutional work as theory combining, actors, contexts, institutional work types, representations, and methodology. The findings led us to develop an integrative conceptual framework for future institutional work study built around setting, motivations, types, and outcomes. We visualized the discourse around institutional work, growth of key themes from early theorizing, and an original process model.
Low-temperature mobility-lifetime product in synthetic diamond

The mobility-lifetime ( μ τ) product is an important parameter that determines the performance of electronic and photonic devices. To overcome the previously reported difficulties in measuring the μ τ product at cryogenic temperatures, we implement a time-resolved cyclotron resonance method to determine the carrier lifetime τ. After clarifying the difference between the AC and DC mobilities measured by cyclotron resonance and time-of-flight methods, respectively, we demonstrate an inverse temperature dependence of the μ τ product. The highest recorded μ τ product of 0.2 cm2/V, which is approximately 100 times the room-temperature value, was obtained at 2 K for chemical-vapor-deposition diamond of the highest currently available purity.
Sound transmission loss of a porous heterogeneous cylindrical nanoshell employing nonlocal strain gradient and first-order shear deformation assumptions

Abstract The size-dependent sound transmission loss problem of an air-filled functionally graded material cylindrical shell subjected to a plane progressive sound wave with even and uneven porosity distributions was analytically studied using a nonlocal strain gradient and the first-order shear deformation theories. To simulate the heterogeneous material, the impressive material properties were supposed to be associated with the porosity volume fraction model, based on a power-law model. They were suggested to be constantly changeable along the thickness direction. The motion equations were extracted by Hamilton’s principle and then solved using the Fourier-Bessel series. The accuracy of the obtained formulation were strictly proved by comparing the data accessible in the literature. Parameter studies reveal the effects of material gradient index, size scale factors, porosity volume fraction, and incident angles on the variations in the amplitude of sound transmission loss through the nanoshell.
Sex and nest type influence avian blood parasite prevalence in a high-elevation bird community

Background The prevalence of avian haemosporidian parasites and the factors influencing infection in the Colorado Rocky Mountains are largely unknown. With climate change expected to promote the expansion of vector and avian blood parasite distributions, baseline knowledge and continued monitoring of the prevalence and diversity of these parasites is needed. Methods Using an occupancy modeling framework, we conducted a survey of haemosporidian parasite species infecting an avian community in the Colorado Rocky Mountains in order to estimate the prevalence and diversity of blood parasites and to investigate species-level and individual-level characteristics that may influence infection. Results We estimated the prevalence and diversity of avian Haemosporidia across 24 bird species, detecting 39 parasite haplotypes. We found that open-cup nesters have higher Haemoproteus prevalence than cavity or ground nesters. Additionally, we found that male Ruby-crowned Kinglets, White-crowned Sparrows, and Wilson’s Warblers have higher Haemoproteus prevalence compared to other host species. Plasmodium prevalence was relatively low (5%), consistent with the idea that competent vectors may be rare at high altitudes. Conclusions Our study presents baseline knowledge of haemosporidian parasite presence, prevalence, and diversity among avian species in the Colorado Rocky Mountains and adds to our knowledge of host–parasite relationships of blood parasites and their avian hosts.
The Effect of Air Parameters on the Evaporation Loss in a Natural Draft Counter-Flow Wet Cooling Tower

The measures to reduce the impact of evaporation loss in a natural draft counter-flow wet cooling tower (NDWCT) have important implications for water conservation and emissions reduction. A mathematical model of evaporation loss in the NDWCT was established by using a modified Merkel method. The NDWCTs in the 300 MW and 600 MW power plant were taken as the research objects. Comparing experimental values with calculated values, the relative error was less than 3%. Then, the effect of air parameters on evaporation loss of NDWCT was analyzed. The results showed that, with the increase of dry bulb temperature, the evaporation heat dissipation and the evaporation loss decreased, while the rate of evaporation loss caused by unit temperature difference increased. The ambient temperature increased by 1 °C and the evaporation loss was reduced by nearly 26.65 t/h. When the relative air humidity increased, the evaporation heat dissipation and evaporation loss decreased, and the rate of evaporation loss caused by unit temperature difference decreased. When relative air humidity increased by 1%, the outlet water temperature rose by about 0.08 °C, and the evaporation loss decreased by about 5.63 t/h.
The effect of metacognitive strategies-based teaching practice in guitar education on performance achievement

This study aims to determine the effect of metacognitive strategies-based teaching practice in guitar education on preservice music teachers’ performance achievement. Preservice music teachers (n = 20) who were enrolled in and in the process of attending the School Instruments III-Guitar course offered by the Department of Music Education, under the school of Fine Arts Education within the Educational Faculty of Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University in Turkey during the 2018–2019 academic year constituted the sample group of the study. The study was designed as an experimental study that included a randomized pretest–posttest control group. The results revealed that both the control group students with traditional current-based education and the experimental group students with metacognitive strategies-based teaching achieved improvement in their guitar performance. However, no significant difference was found between the teaching methods used because the study was carried out with a small group and therefore has a weak statistical power to detect an effect. The results further indicated that the metacognitive strategies-based teaching practice in guitar education, as an effective alternative to the traditional curriculum-based method, can be used to achieve improvement in preservice music teachers’ guitar performance.
An Optimized Ustilago Chassis for Itaconic Acid Production at Theoretical Maximal Yield

Ustilago maydis, member of the Ustilaginaceae family, is a promising host for the production of several metabolites including itaconic acid. This dicarboxylate has great potential as a bio-based building block in the polymer industry, and is of special interest for pharmaceutical applications. Several itaconate overproducing Ustilago strains have been generated by metabolic and morphology engineering. This yielded stabilized unicellular morphology through fuz7 deletion, reduction of by-product formation through deletion of genes responsible for itaconate oxidation and (glyco)lipid production, and the overexpression of the regulator of the itaconate cluster ria1 and the mitochondrial tricarboxylate transporter encoded by mttA from Aspergillus terreus. In this study, itaconate production was further optimized by consolidating these different optimizations into one strain. The combined modifications resulted in itaconic acid production at theoretical maximal yield, which was achieved under biotechnologically relevant fed-batch fermentations with continuous feed.
Regional Specific Idiosyncrasies and Fiscal Policy: Evidence from 47 Regions of the Central and Eastern European Countries

Purpose: The purpose of our article is to explore and study how shocks of fiscal policy are transmitted across Central and Eastern European (CEE) regions. Design/Methodology/Approach: We employ Bayesian panel VAR model to estimate and study the dynamic effects of fiscal policy on regional economic activity. Our sample of study includes 47 regions focusing on the CEE countries over the period 2001-2016. Findings: Having incorporated a possible structural break following the aftermath of the 2007 Crisis, the impulse response functions derived from the estimated models reveal cross-region variations in policy responses in terms of their magnitude and timing. Given the fact that the asymmetric effects of fiscal policy shocks across regions exist, we proceed in examining the sources of regional heterogeneities. We show that liquidity constraints, access to banking sector and participant rate in tertiary education have significant impact on regional fiscal multipliers. Practical Implications: The results have practical implication for macroeconomic policy - they show regional heterogeneities of fiscal policy effectiveness. Originality/value: The main value added of our paper is explaining heterogeneity of fiscal policy effects within the theoretical background of Ricardian and non-Ricardian households. Firstly, we are the first to show that regional fiscal multipliers depend on households’ access to banking sector. Secondly, the novelty of our paper is that we show that participant rate in tertiary education significantly decreases regional fiscal multipliers.
Some Effects of Small Changes in Molecular Framework on the Incidence of Smectic C and Other Smectic Liquid Crystal Phases in Esters

Abstract The smectic properties are discussed for several series of esters which have the same “central core” molecular structure, i.e., The effects of just extending the carbon chain in a series of n-alkyl esters are discussed for the methyl to n-decyl esters of 4′n-decyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylic acid. The effect on the inicidence of the smectic C Phase is quite striking. The butyl to hexyl esters inclusive exhibit this phase, while the heptyl to decyl esters show latent smectic C properties for which “virtual” transition temperatures can be obtained. The temperatures of SA to Sc transition lie on two parabolic curves, the even members lying on the curve representing higher Sc thermal stabilities than those of the odd members. The earlier homologues of the series show SA, SB, or SE or SAB properties. The effect on the incidence of the smectic phases was also investigated for molecules containing longer carbon chains. Here the incidence of the smectic C phase is discussed for the methyl to n-nonadecyl este.
Speaker Verification Based on Log-Likelihood Score Normalization

Due to differences in the distribution of scores for different trials, the performance of a speaker verification system will be seriously diminished if raw scores are directly used for detection with a unified threshold value. As such, the scores must be normalized. To tackle the shortcomings of score normalization methods, we propose a speaker verification system based on log-likelihood normalization (LLN). Without a priori knowledge, LLN increases the separation between scores of target and non-target speaker models, so as to improve score aliasing of “same-speaker” and “different-speaker” trials corresponding to the same test speech, enabling better discrimination and decision capability. The experiment shows that LLN is an effective method of scoring normalization.
Success Models of Information Technology Outsourcing

Outsourcing is described as the strategic use of external resources to carry out tasks that have traditionally been performed by internal staff and resources. It is considered to be the best-known phenomena of modern times and business strategy to drive the global economy. Outsourcing offers enormous benefits to companies only if the outsourcing decision is correct and factors that affect the outsourcing decision are adequately considered, otherwise irreparable harm may be caused. A study to identify the critical success factors of IT outsourcing in Nepal from the vendor's perspective has been initiated. This study examines different models about the effectiveness of outsourcing for the reason. All these models have their own advantages and drawbacks, so a careful review is important to reach at conclusions for the organizations that wish to follow such models. This article is based on4 comprehensive literature review of the success factors for outsourcing that led to the discovery of six different outsourcing models. The study has reviewed Leavitt’s model, McKinsey 7-S framework, The Nadler-Tushman Congruence Model, Technology Acceptance Model, DeLone and McLean's IS-Success Model and IS-Impact Model. Revised DeLone and McLean Model of Information Systems Success, however, are widely debated and considered to be the most promising.
AR-TO-KID: A speech-enabled augmented reality to engage preschool children in pronunciation learning

AR-TO-KID is an application produced for preschool children between ages five to six years old with an Augmented Reality (AR) application. The significant purpose of AR-TO-KID is to improve the pronunciation of the children in English. Hence, this paper discusses an AR application with speech input. The detection of the children speech input when they need to pronounce the words correctly, and they need to have critical thinking to identify the environment suit with the 3D objects that they will utter the word. Educational technology should be interactive and attractive for 5 to 6 years old preschool children learning; however, some at preschool teachers still used the conventional methods in teaching and children are not fully engaged with the method. Therefore, this project is to design and develop an interactive AR tool called AR-TO-KID for preschool children in pronunciation learning and teaching. This paper presents the evaluation and testing for preschool children with non-native English speaking. The article ends with results and discussion.
The reaction of bromine with cyclohexene in carbon tetrachloride. Part 1. Reactions in the absence of hydrogen bromide; presence of a scavenger

The addition of bromine to cyclohexene in carbon tetrachloride solutions has been studied. Results are unreproducible, but when N-bromosuccinimide or N-bromophthalimide is also present to scavenge hydrogen bromide, a slower reaction, second-order in bromine, with reproducible rate constants is observed. This shows a negative overall activation energy. There may be terms in higher powers of [Br2], but the first-order term in bromine is too small to measure. A faster second phase of the reaction begins when all the N-bromo-imide initially present has reacted with the hydrogen bromide formed in side reactions, including those leading to 3-bromocyclohexene and (from adventitious water) to 2-bromocyclohexanol, and is of order 1.5 in bromine.
Pembelajaran Matematika Berbantuan Spreadsheet pada Materi Grafik Fungsi

Dalam pembelajaran matematika, perangkat komputer berupa spreadsheet dapat berperan sebagai alat bantu belajar siswa serta sumber belajar bagi guru agar pembelajaran menjadi lebih optimal. Spreadsheet telah meluncurkan berbagai fitur yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai media dinamis yang dapat mensimulasikan konsep matematika selain operasi aljabar, yakni visualisasi grafik fungsi kuadrat. Melalui penelitian pengembangan, peneliti terdorong untuk mengimplementasikan pembelajaran matematika yang terintegrasi media spreadsheet demi tercapainya pemahaman tentang grafik fungsi secara optimal. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan/Research and Development (R&D). Pembuatan media pembelajaran mengacu pada model pengembangan Plomp. Subjek penelitian ini siswa kelas X SMA. Selain itu, terdapat dua subjek lain yaitu validator dan guru. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa media pembelajaran matematika berbantuan spreadsheet memenuhi kriteria valid, praktis, dan efektif.
How white is the global elite? An analysis of race, gender and network structure

Research on elites often utilizes network analysis to describe and analyse the interrelationships among elites and how their prominence varies by demographic characteristics. We examine the diversity of global elites through an analysis of the board members of large corporations, think tanks, international organizations, and transnational policy planning groups. Using new data, we provide the first descriptive picture of global elite networks in terms of race and gender. We also test the ‘core– periphery’ hypothesis, which predicts that as non-whites and women achieve elite positions they will be marginalized to the periphery of elite networks, while the core remains significantly more white and male. We find consistent evidence for the core– periphery hypothesis across a range of empirical tests, from simple k-coring to various core–periphery models. Most groups decline in their representation in the core, and this includes white women. White men are the only group that increases in representation in the core compared to the periphery.
Influence Of Overload Information About COVID-19 Pandemic On Internet For Psychological Illnesses And Behavioral Intentions To Continue Searching For Information

Information about COVID-19 is now very easily accessed on the Internet, even too much. The phenomenon of excessive information obtained can also be linked to psychological illnesses and obtain information retrieval. this article conducts research about information overload about the psychology of information seekers and their protection. The study used the TAM method with SEM tools with 380 respondents. The results of the study show that excessive online information about COVID-19 has a positive influence on the psyche and affects the relationship of information seekers not to continue the search results.
New laser technique for automatic interfacial tension measurements : Laser scanning drop shape analysis (LASDA)

Laser scanners are widely used both in science and technology for precision measurements, e.g. in mechanical product control. Mostly they are used for the one-dimensional analysis of rigid bodies, allowing a precision of 0.2 μm. We have developed a new laser scanning apparatus which yields the coordinates of a pendant drop with an accuracy of 1−2 μm. The new tensiometer can be operated from a PC with special software that allows completely automated measurement and simultaneous calculation of interfacial tension. Using an interrupt technique, temperature control of the whole system and the mechanical control of two dispense systems are managed at the same time. The value of interfacial tension σ is obtained within 3 s (using a 60 MHz Pentium PC) by numerical integration (Implicit Euler Method) of the Bashforth Adams differential equations with about 100 drop coordinates. Fitting (Downhill Simplex Method) is carried out by variation of three parameters. The new tensiometer automatically yields the dynamic .