Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Somatic chromosome number doubling of selected potato genotypes using callus culture or the colchicine treatment of shoot nodes in vitro

Summary Experiments were carried out to double the somatic cell chromosome numbers of a monoploid and dihaploid of Solanum tuberosum and a genotype of S. circaeifolium subsp. quimense. Colchicine was used in vitro on shoot nodes from which the axillary meristems had been removed. Plants with doubled chromosome numbers were obtained from shoots grown from the tertiary, sub-axillary meristems of all three genotypes. The callus culture of stem and leaf explants was found to produce more shoots with doubled chromosome numbers than the colchicine treatment in the case of the dihaploid and quimense genotypes but no shoots were obtained from callus culture of the monoploid. Fifty-two % of the shoots from the dihaploid and 63% from the quimense clone were ploidy doubled in the case of the best callus culture system. Using a sub-lethal dose of colchicine, the dihaploid yielded 37% ploidy-doubled shoots whereas all the shoots produced from the monoploid were doubled and the quimense clone produced 27% doubled plants. Callus culture was highly dependent upon the type of growth medium and other, unknown, factors. The colchicine treatment, although yielding fewer products, was more reliable for achieving ploidy doubling in selected clones if the number of plants produced is not important.
Expression of Spectrin αI/50 Hereditary Elliptocytosis and Its Association with the αLELY Allele

Hereditary elliptocytosis (HE) is a group of hemolytic anemias characterized by the presence of elliptical erythrocytes. The underlying alterations lie in the proteins of the membrane skeleton. Defects of the αI domain of spectrin have been defined based on a decrease in the normal 80-kD αI domain and a concomitant increase in one or more lower molecular weight peptides. We have studied three Brazilian kindreds with black ancestry, who presented mild common spαI/50 HE. Our aim was to determine the molecular alteration responsible for the spαI/50 HE observed in these three kindreds and to evaluate the presence and influence of allele αLELY in the expression of this type of HE. In order to establish the molecular defect, exons 5, 6 and 11 were amplified and submitted to a nonradioactive single strand conformation polymorphism protocol. An identical band shift in exon 6 was observed in all 3 patients and their affected relatives. Direct sequencing of the amplification products of exon 6 showed the same molecular defect in all patients: a T→C substitution, responsible for the L260P mutation. Allele αLELY, detected by PCR and restriction enzyme digestion, was present in the heterozygous form in the three propositi and was associated in trans with the elliptocytogenic mutation. Blood smears of the patients with HE and αLELY in trans showed pronounced elliptocytosis, poikilocytosis and a few small red cell fragments, whereas the blood smears of their relatives, who had HE without allele αLELY, showed mild common HE with a predominance of ovalocytes and the absence of poikilocytes. We conclude that allele αLELY does not lead to the worsening of clinical conditions when associated in trans with mild HE, but can be easily distinguished by a blood smear analysis. The predominance of the L260P mutation in the kindreds studied could be related to the colonization of Brazil during the slave trade by Africans from the Benin-Togo area, where this mutation is particularly common.
Comparison of fish density estimates from repeated hydroacoustic surveys on two Wyoming waters

Abstract The ability to actively sample fish populations is a major advantage of hydroacoustic assessment. This technique does not affect fish behavior, and it typically produces more precise abundance estimates than do other gears. Thus, hydroacoustic surveys repeated on a closed population should produce similar fish density estimates. We sought to demonstrate this on inland waters using multiplexed side- and down-looking transducers and target-tracking enumeration methods. To test the repeatability of hydroacoustically derived fish density estimates, we conducted complete hydroacoustic surveys daily over three consecutive days on two Wyoming reservoirs, with a parallel transect design at one reservoir and a zigzag design at the other; this mimicked two designs commonly used during routine hydroacoustic surveys. These repeated surveys were performed on each reservoir monthly from April to September 2001. We used a Kruskal–Wallis test to detect significant differences in fish density estimates among repe.
Components of quantitative resistance to powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisi) in pea (Pisum sativum)

Components of quantitative resistance in pea (Pisum sativum) to Erysiphe pisi, the pathogen causing powdery mildew, were investigated. Conidium germination, infection efficiency, latent period and conidium production dynamics on cv. Quantum (quantitatively resistant) were compared with those on Pania and Bolero (susceptible). There was an additional comparison in conidium germination experiments with the resistant cv. Resal. Quantitative resistance in Quantum did not affect conidium germination, but infection efficiency of conidia on this cultivar was 34% less than on the susceptible Pania. More conidia germinated on 5-day-old leaflets than on 15-day-old leaflets but the age of the plant did not affect percentage germination or infection efficiency. The length of the latent period did not differ between cultivars. Total conidium production (AUC) per unit leaflet area on Quantum was 25% less than on Pania. The maximum conidium production per day (CMAX) per unit leaflet area on Quantum was 33% less than on Pania. The time to maximum conidium production per day (TMAX) was 10% longer on Quantum than on Pania. The cv. Bolero, reported to be susceptible, also showed some degree of quantitative resistance, but this differed from that of Quantum. Total conidium production was less on Bolero than on Quantum, but the conidia on Bolero were produced sooner, and for a shorter period, than on Quantum. The stability of these responses was tested by analysing components in three different temperature regimes and testing for interactions with temperature, and with leaflet age. Temperature affected all conidium production variables. AUC per leaflet area was nearly seven times as great and CMAX nearly 15 times greater at 23°C than at 13°C. TMAX increased by 1.5 times when temperature increased from 13°C to 18°C or 23°C. Several interactions occurred and these are described.
Taxonomic diversity and distribution of polychaete and isopod borers on the sheaths of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica: analysis at regional scale along the coast off Sardinia (Italy)

Abstract Polychaete and isopod borers of Posidonia oceanica leaf tissues have been identified as a peculiar guild of detritus consumers, colonizing the seagrass sheaths (remains of the leaf bases which persist along the rhizome). Taxonomic diversity and distribution of borer organisms have been in 89 stations along the coast off Sardinia during summer 2001: 34 in shallow Posidonia stands (5–12 m depth), 50 in deep stands (22–26 m depth), and 5 at the lower limit (36–38 m). Shoot density was measured at each station. Borers and their traces were recorded for each rhizome. In each station relative abundance of species (%), and the Indices of Borer (IB) and of traces were calculated for each borer species. A total of 6643 vertical (orthotropous) P. oceanica shoots were examined (mean 75 shoots per station), 26.6% of which hosted borers, while 42.5% showed only traces of their previous colonization. Four species of polychaete Eunicidae (Lysidice collaris Grube, Lysidice ninetta Audouin & Milne‐Edwards, Nematonereis unicornis Grube, Marphysa fallax Marion & Brobretzky), and a single species of isopod Limnoriidae (Limnoria mazzellae Cook‐son & Lorenti) were identified. Polychaetes were collected in all the 89 stations sampled, while L. mazzellae was restricted to 32 stations, mainly in shallow stands. The mean IB values of L. mazzellae were significantly higher in shallow stands, with respect to deep ones. The species L. collaris and M. fallax showed higher frequencies in deep stands, while L. ninetta and N. unicornis had similar IB values, regardless of depth. The lepidochrono‐logical analysis, performed on most of the shoots, revealed that L. mazzellae selects more recent sheaths (first 2 lepidochronological years), while eunicid polychaetes are more frequent in aged scales (>2 years). Most of the significant differences found in IB indices and relative abundances of borer species, were recorded between normal density or high sub‐normal density meadows, and the “altered” density ones, regardless of depth. The Spearman's analysis revealed various significant correlations of IB indices of borers with shoot density, although with relatively low coefficients. The analysis of some stations selected in potentially human‐impacted and in pristine areas showed that while shoot density was significantly higher in un‐impacted areas with respect to impacted ones, the IB indices of borer groups and individual borer species did not show differences among the two kinds of sites, except for that of polychaetes. The studied data set demonstrates that borer organisms occur in P. oceanica beds under different ecological situations (e.g., depth range, bed typology, shoot density, potential human impact), with different distribution among species that are discussed also in relation to some biotic factors (life habit, habitat partitioning, competition).
Letter to the editor

Corry PM, Dewhirst MW. Forward. Thermal medicine, heat shock proteins and cancer. Int J Hyperthermia 2005;21:675–677. Song CW, Park HJ, Lee CK, Griffin R. Implications of increased tumour blood flow and oxygenation caused by mild temperature hyperthermia in tumour treatment. Int J Hyperthermia 2005;21:761–767. Corry PM, Armour EP. The heat shock response: Role in radiation biology and cancer therapy. Int J Hyperthermia 2005;21:769–778. Dewhirst MW, Vujaskovic Z, Jones E, Thrall D. Re-setting the biologic rationale for thermal therapy. Int J Hyperthermia 2005;21:779–790.
On the dispersal of riverine colored dissolved organic matter over the West Florida Shelf

We investigated the optical properties of surface water in areas of the West Florida Shelf influenced by riverine discharge and by the occurrence of a phytoplankton plume. Results of absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy analyses and determination of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration showed that the injection of riverine colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) strongly affected the optical properties and DOC concentrations over the shelf. Riverborne nutrients contributed to an increase in primary productivity. However, during the study period, the increase in primary productivity did not result in the production of significant amounts of CDOM.
UNDERSTANDING PROCESS FOR TOOLS SELECTION FRONT END OF INNOVATION

New product development (NPD) describes the process of bringing a new market. The Fuzzy Front End (FFE) of Innovation before the product development phase of NPD facilitate and optimise the activities. To s have to use several premises to decide upon which t ool is more appropriate to which activity. This paper proposes an approach to model the decision ma king process of the managers. underline the dimensions influencing the decision process those tools impact the performance of cost companies participated for the data collection analysis of the data in hand, and model depicting the decision process of managers during t ools selection in the FFE theoretical model is built from the constructed hypotheses.
Primary Production in Relation to Temperature Structure, Biomass Concentration, and Light Conditions at an Inshore and Offshore Station in Lake Ontario

Annual primary production rates of 270 and 170 g C m−2 yr−1, respectively, were estimated for an inshore and offshore station in Lake Ontario using the in situ 14C technique. A lag in increase of both biomass and photosynthesis rate at the offshore station in early summer was attributed to deep vertical mixing.Production/biomass quotients were computed using different biomass parameters such as particulate organic carbon, nitrogen, and chlorophyll a. Carbon turnover rates of the seston on an areal basis (m2) were found to vary between 0.04–0.18 day−1 and 0.01–0.21 day−1 at the inshore and offshore station, respectively. Daily photosynthesis efficiency (energy fixed by photosynthesis/available energy) ranged from 0.1 to 1.8% at the two stations. Atypical photosynthesis–light intensity curves showed that algal populations behaved differently at different depths during the stratified period.
Negotiating “Fit” in Student Art Work: Classroom Conversations

This study examines the ways in which students and their teachers interpret lesson guidelines, and form individual intentions for and judgments about student artworks in the middle school art class. Through an analysis of art class conversations, using a “stimulated recall” method, the study illustrates acts of resistance and negotiation as students' ideas, preferences, judgments and meanings interface with the instructional goals and aesthetic views of the teacher. The forming of student artwork, as revealed through conversation, is shown to be a process in which students' independent judgment is both supported and challenged by the teacher's expectations for the lesson.
A Simple and Effective biLSTM Approach to Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis in Social Media Customer Feedback

This paper describes a system for aspectbased sentiment analysis (ABSA) using a straight-forward supervised sequence labeling approach. Specifically, we apply a bidirectional, recurrent long short-term memory (biLSTM) architecture with a multilayer perceptron on top that predicts the labels token by token. We deal with the issue of rare words by dynamically switching between character-level and token-level representations depending on an occurrence threshold. A simple encoding of the aspects and their sentiments, a careful preprocessing of the data, and a generous ensemble of 24 single models beats the published state-of-the-art results for the GermEval 2017 ABSA data set for aspect-based sentiment analysis on the document level (joint prediction of aspect and sentiment in task C). For task D, the opinion target expression (OPE) detection task, our approach improves the current state-of-the-art even by 2.7-14.3 percentage points.
Large-scale identification of genes in the fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum paves the way to molecular analyses of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis

Summary • In an attempt to advance the understanding of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, which improves mineral nutrition and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses of most woody plants from temperate and boreal regions, we produced a cDNA library of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum in a yeast expression vector. The library was used for functional complementation cloning and for sequencing of 4036 expressed sequence tags (ESTs). • Expression of the library in a yeast ade2 and trp1 mutant strain allowed cloning of two Hebeloma genes, HcADE2 and HcTRP1 by functional complementation. This experiment highlighted both the efficiency of the complementation strategy and the quality of the library. • All sequence data available on Hebeloma (4596) were analysed and contiged. The whole EST resource is accessible via a web interface, which allows searching and navigation through clusters and tentative contigs (TCs). • Analysis of the database revealed a low level of counterparts already identified in other ectomycorrhizal fungi. For example, it allowed identification of a large set of membrane transporters, such as phosphate, potassium, sulphate or micronutrient transporters. Thus, this EST resource provides a valuable tool for research on ectomycorrhiza and symbiotic interactions.
ON-FARM ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ZERO-TILLAGE WHEAT: A CASE OF NORTH-WEST INDIA

SUMMARY Conducting farmers participatory field trials at 40 sites for 3 consecutive years in four rice-wheat system dominated districts of Haryana state of India, this paper tested the hypothesis that zero tillage (ZT) based crop production emits less greenhouse gases and yet provide adequate economic benefits to farmers compared to the conventional tillage (CT). In each farmer's field, ZT and CT based wheat production were compared side by side for three consecutive years from 2009–10 to 2011–12. In assessing the mitigation potential of ZT, we examined the differences in input use and crop management, especially those contributing to GHGs emissions, between ZT wheat and CT wheat. We employed Cool Farm Tool (CFT) to estimate emission of GHGs from various wheat production activities. In order to assess economic benefits, we examined the difference in input costs, net returns and cost-benefit analysis of wheat production under CT and ZT. Results show that farmers can save approximately USD 79 ha−1 in terms of total production costs and increase net revenue of about USD 97.5 ha−1 under ZT compared to CT. Similarly, benefit-cost ratio under ZT is 1.43 against 1.31 under CT. Our estimate shows that shifting from CT to ZT based wheat production reduces GHG emission by 1.5 Mg CO2-eq ha−1 season−1. Overall, ZT has both climate change mitigation and economic benefits, implying the win-win outcome of better agricultural practices.
SYNTHESIS OF SPECIFICALLY LABELLED GANGLIOSIDE 1C-13C-GM3

Glycosidation of the lactose derivative 4 with [1-13C]-sialyl xanthate 3, prepared from enzymatically obtained [1–13C]-sialic acid gave the trisaccharide 5 which was transformed into [1c-13C]-GM3 ([1c-13C]-1).
The Taxonomic Status of Jaera Albifrons Syei Bocquet (Isopoda, Asellota)

Les caracteres morphologiques et ecologiques presentes par un materiel provenant de la Grande-Bretagne et de Scandinavie laissent supposer que Jaera albifrons syei Bocquet de la Baltique ne doit pas etre considere comme une espece distincte. Ce serait une forme d'eau saumâtre du Jaera albifrons typique dont elle se rapprocherait par gradations, comme un cline.
Galaxias maculatus : An explanation of its biogeography

Galaxias maculatus is a small diadromous fish found in Australia, New Zealand, South America and on some oceanic islands. Two hypotheses have been advanced to explain this widespread, disjunct distribution. McDowall promoted dispersal through the sea of salt-tolerant juveniles but Rosen and others claimed that the distribution reflected the break-up of Gondwana and subsequent drift of the southern continents. Allozyrne electrophoresis of muscle extracts of specimens of Galaxias maculatus from eastern and western Australia, New Zealand and Chile was used to test the hypothesis that populations of G. maculatus from the western Pacific and the eastern Pacific do not differ genetically. FST based on allele frequencies and genotypes was 0.14, suggesting only minor differentiation between eastern and western Pacific populations. Minor differentiation in allele frequency existed at some loci, but no fixation of alternative alleles has occurred. The populations examined appear to be part of the same gene pool, indicating that gene flow via dispersal through the sea occurs today. It is unlikely that South American and Australasian populations would be conspecific if they have exchanged no migrants since the break-up of Gondwana at the end of the Mesozoic.
Dynamic Modelling of the Diffusion in A Dyeing Process, Part II: Temperature Influence

Abstract This paper is the second one dealing with the mathematical modelling of the diffusion during a dyeing process. In the first paper [1], a mathematical model describing the diffusion coefficient evolution as a function of time, initial dye concentration, and dyebath nature was proposed. This model applies to the dyeing of polyester fibres with disperse dyes. The influence of temperature variations on the diffusion coefficient is the main subject of this second paper. First, a more accurate method for the diffusion coefficient computation is developed, leading to improvements of the previous model. Then, this model is reconsidered (completed), including the temperature variations influence and finally, it is tested and validated with a dyeing experiment having an imposed temperature profile.
Population parameters of the fish fauna in a long‐established Amazonian reservoir (Amapá, Brazil)

Summary The present study focused on the fish fauna of the 44-year-old Coaracy Nunes reservoir in the northern Amazon basin, producing estimates of the growth constant (k), maximum and asymptotic body lengths and weights, natural mortality (M), the consumption/biomass ratio (QB) (intake of food by a group over a year), the Aspect ratio (Ar) of the caudal fin, growth performance (Φ), longevity, and trophic level for 45 fish species. Species collection was divided into eight sampling campaigns between May 2009 and July 2010. Gillnets were used in four of the sampling sites. The results revealed that (i) the most predominant species are Ageneiosus ucayalensis, Hemiodus unimaculatus, Serrasalmus gibbus and Geophagus proximus; (ii) small and medium-sized fishes predominated in the community, characterized by high rates of growth and natural mortality, consistent with a predominance of r-strategists; (iii) the body lengths of the detritivore species were similar to those of the piscivores, which are normally larger, but with higher growth rates, more similar to those recorded for the omnivores; (iv) consumption/biomass ratio (QB) × body length relationship is higher in the detritivores than in the omnivores and piscivores (which were similar to each other). Overall, the reservoir habitat appears to be advantageous to detritivorous fish species.
Regulation of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis hypoxic response gene encoding α-crystallin

Unlike many pathogens that are overtly toxic to their hosts, the primary virulence determinant of Mycobacterium tuberculosis appears to be its ability to persist for years or decades within humans in a clinically latent state. Since early in the 20th century latency has been linked to hypoxic conditions within the host, but the response of M. tuberculosis to a hypoxic signal remains poorly characterized. The M. tuberculosis α-crystallin (acr) gene is powerfully and rapidly induced at reduced oxygen tensions, providing us with a means to identify regulators of the hypoxic response. Using a whole genome microarray, we identified >100 genes whose expression is rapidly altered by defined hypoxic conditions. Numerous genes involved in biosynthesis and aerobic metabolism are repressed, whereas a high proportion of the induced genes have no known function. Among the induced genes is an apparent operon that includes the putative two-component response regulator pair Rv3133c/Rv3132c. When we interrupted expression of this operon by targeted disruption of the upstream gene Rv3134c, the hypoxic regulation of acr was eliminated. These results suggest a possible role for Rv3132c/3133c/3134c in mycobacterial latency.
Genetic analysis of a DNA region involved in expression of two epitopes associated with lipopolysaccharide in Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria

We report on the cloning of DNA involved in expression of two epitopes associated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in Xanthomonas campestris pv, vesicatoria and on the use of part of this region for differentiating A (nonpectolytic/amylolytic) and B strains (pectolytic/amylolytic) of this pathogen. From a genomic library of A-strain 75-3 that expresses two epitopes, two recombinant cosmids conferred expression of two epitopes in 87-13, an A strain that does not express the two epitopes. One of the two overlapping clones, pEC79S, contained a 27-kb insert and was used for further analysis. Immunoblots revealed that the epitopes are components of LPS in 75-3 [. ]