Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Model Identification and Out-of-Sample Prediction of Principal Component Regression: Applications to Synthetic Controls

We analyze principal component regression (PCR) in a high-dimensional error-in-variables setting with fixed design. Under suitable conditions, we show that PCR consistently identifies the unique model with minimum $\ell_2$-norm. These results enable us to establish non-asymptotic out-of-sample prediction guarantees that improve upon the best known rates. In the course of our analysis, we introduce a natural linear algebraic condition between the in- and out-of-sample covariates, which allows us to avoid distributional assumptions for out-of-sample predictions. Our simulations illustrate the importance of this condition for generalization, even under covariate shifts. Accordingly, we construct a hypothesis test to check when this conditions holds in practice. As a byproduct, our results also lead to novel results for the synthetic controls literature, a leading approach for policy evaluation. To the best of our knowledge, our prediction guarantees for the fixed design setting have been elusive in both the high-dimensional error-in-variables and synthetic controls literatures.
Toward mandatory health insurance in low‐income countries? An analysis of claims data in Tanzania

Abstract Many low‐income countries are in the process of scaling up health insurance with the goal of achieving universal coverage. However, little is known about the usage and financial sustainability of mandatory health insurance. This study analyzes 26 million claims submitted to the Tanzanian National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF), which covers two million public servants for whom public insurance is mandatory, to understand insurance usage patterns, cost drivers, and financial sustainability. We find that in 2016, half of policyholders used a health service within a single year, with an average annual cost of 33 US$ per policyholder. About 10% of the population was responsible for 80% of the health costs, and women, middle‐age and middle‐income groups had the highest costs. Out of 7390 health centers, only five health centers are responsible for 30% of total costs. Estimating the expected health expenditures for the entire population based on the NHIF cost structure, we find that for a sustainable national scale‐up, policy makers will have to decide between reducing the health benefit package or increasing revenues. We also show that the cost structure of a mandatory insurance scheme in a low‐income country differs substantially from high‐income settings. Replication studies for other countries are warranted.
Different predictive values of microvessel density for biochemical recurrence among different PCa populations: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Several studies have explored the relationship between intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) and the risk of postoperative biochemical recurrence (BCR) in prostate cancer (PCa), although the results are contradictory. Therefore, we conducted a meta‐analysis to investigate the effect of MVD on BCR in PCa.
5,6‐Dihydroxyindole eumelanin content in human skin with varying degrees of constitutive pigmentation

Human skin contains two distinct components: brown to black, insoluble eumelanin and light colored, alkaline‐soluble pheomelanin. Eumelanin consists of 5,6‐dihydroxyindole (DHI) and 5,6‐dihydroxyindole‐2‐carboxylic acid (DHICA) moieties, while pheomelanin consists of benzothiazine (BT) and benzothiazole (BZ) moieties. These melanin monomer units can be quantitatively analyzed through specific degradation products by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Alkaline hydrogen peroxide oxidation (AHPO) of eumelanin gives rise to pyrrole‐2,3,5‐tricarboxylic acid (PTCA) and pyrrole‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid (PDCA) as specific degradation products of the DHICA and DHI moieties, respectively. BZ moiety in pheomelanin can be analyzed as thiazole‐2,4,5‐tricarboxylic acid (TTCA). By reductive hydrolysis with hydroiodic acid, BT moieties in pheomelanin can be analyzed as 4‐amino‐3‐hydroxyphenylalanine (4‐AHP). As a recently improved AHPO–HPLC method enabled a better characterization of PDCA, this prompted us to address the question of DHI to DHICA ratio in human skin samples with varying degrees of constitutive pigmentation ranging from very light to dark. Results showed for the first time the ratio of 4 moieties: DHI 35%, DHICA 41%, BZ 20%, and BT 4%. The ratio is constant regardless of the degree of pigmentation. The high content of DHICA moiety may impart an antioxidant property to the epidermis melanin.
Alteration of Manure Antibiotic Resistance Genes via Soil Fauna Is Associated with the Intestinal Microbiome

Saprophagous fauna like the oriental edible beetle (P. brevitarsis) plays a fundamental role in converting organic wastes into biofertilizer. Accumulating evidence has shown that soil fauna can reduce the abundance of ARGs, although the underlying mechanism of ARG reduction is still unclear. ABSTRACT Livestock wastes contain high levels of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and a variety of human-related pathogens. Bioconversion of livestock manure using larvae of the beetle Protaetia brevitarsis is an effective technique for waste reduction and value creation; however, the fate of manure ARGs during gut passage and interaction with the gut microbiome of P. brevitarsis remains unclear. To investigate this, we fed P. brevitarsis with dry chicken manure for 6 days and measured bacterial community dynamics and ARG abundance and diversity along the P. brevitarsis gut tract using high-throughput quantitative PCR and metagenomics approaches. The diversity of ARGs was significantly lower in larval midgut, hindgut, and frass than in raw chicken manure, and around 80% of pathogenicity-related genes (PRGs) exhibited reduced abundance. Network analysis demonstrated that Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the key bacterial phyla associated with ARG reduction. Metagenomic analysis further indicated that ARGs, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and PRGs were simultaneously attenuated in the hindgut, implicating a decreased likelihood for horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of ARGs among bacteria and pathogens during manure bioconversion. Our findings demonstrated that the attenuation of ARGs is strongly associated with the variation of the gut microbiome of P. brevitarsis, providing insights into mechanisms of risk mitigation of ARG dissemination during manure bioconversion. IMPORTANCE Saprophagous fauna like the oriental edible beetle (P. brevitarsis) plays a fundamental role in converting organic wastes into biofertilizer. Accumulating evidence has shown that soil fauna can reduce the abundance of ARGs, although the underlying mechanism of ARG reduction is still unclear. In our previous research, we found a large reduction of ARGs in vegetable roots and leaves from frass compared with raw manure, providing a promising biofertilizer for soil-vegetable systems. Therefore, in this study, temporal dynamic changes in the microbiomes of the donor (chicken manure) and host (P. brevitarsis) were investigated, and we found a close association between the gut microbiome and the alteration of ARGs. These results shed new light on how the insect gut microbiome can mitigate manure-borne ARGs and provide insights into the bioconversion process via a typical member of the saprophagous fauna, P. brevitarsis.
OD1NF1ST: True Skip Intrusion Detection and Avionics Network Cyber-attack Simulation

MIL-STD-1553 is a communication bus that has been used by many military avionics platforms, such as the F-15 and F-35 fighter jets, for almost 50 years. Recently, it has become clear that the lack of security on MIL-STD-1553 and the requirement for internet communication between planes has revealed numerous potential attack vectors for malicious parties. Prevention of these attacks by modernizing the MIL-STD-1553 is not practical due to the military applications and existing far-reaching installations of the bus. We present a software system that can simulate bus transmissions to create easy, replicable, and large datasets of MIL-STD-1553 communications. We also propose an intrusion detection system (IDS) that can identify anomalies and the precise type of attack using recurrent neural networks with a reinforcement learning true-skip data selection algorithm. Our IDS outperforms existing algorithms designed for MIL-STD-1553 in binary anomaly detection tasks while also performing attack classification and minimizing computational resource cost. Our simulator can generate more data with higher fidelity than existing methods and integrate attack scenarios with greater detail. Furthermore, the simulator and IDS can be combined to form a web-based attack-defense game.
Transfer Learning for Low-Resource Multilingual Relation Classification

Relation classification (sometimes called relation extraction) requires trustworthy datasets for fine-tuning large language models, as well as for evaluation. Data collection is challenging for Indian languages, because they are syntactically and morphologically diverse, as well as different from resource-rich languages like English. Despite recent interest in deep generative models for Indian languages, relation classification is still not well served by public datasets. In response, we present IndoRE, a dataset with 21K entity- and relation-tagged gold sentences in three Indian languages (Bengali, Hindi, and Telugu), plus English. We start with a multilingual BERT (mBERT)-based system that captures entity span positions and type information, and provides competitive performance on monolingual relation classification. Using this baseline system, we explore transfer mechanisms between languages and the scope to reduce expensive data annotation while achieving reasonable relation extraction performance. Specifically, we (a) study the accuracy-efficiency trade-off between expensive, manually labeled gold instances vs. automatically translated and aligned silver instances to train a relation extractor,(b) device a simple mechanism for budgeted gold data annotation by intelligently converting distant-supervised silver training instances to gold training instances with human annotators using active learning, and finally(c) propose an ensemble model to provide a performance boost over that achieved via limited gold training instances. We release the dataset for future research.1
Recovering structural information from triangulated surfaces

We represent a technique for recovering structural information from triangular meshes that can then be used for segmentation, e.g. in reverse engineering applications. In a preprocessing step, we detect feature regions on the surface by classifying the vertices according to some discrete curvature measure. Then we apply a skeletonization algorithm for extracting feature lines from these regions. To achieve this, we generalized the concept of morphological operations to unorganized triangle meshes, providing techniques for noise reduction on the binary feature classification and for skeletonization. The necessary operations are easy to implement, robust, and can be executed efficiently on a mesh data structure.
Assessing the impact of minor modifications on the interior structure of GRU: GRU1 and GRU2

In this study, two GRU variants named GRU1 and GRU2 are proposed by employing simple changes to the internal structure of the standard GRU, which is one of the popular RNN variants. Comparative experiments are conducted on four problems: language modeling, question answering, addition task, and sentiment analysis. Moreover, in the addition task, curriculum learning and anti‐curriculum learning strategies, which extend the training data having examples from easy to hard or from hard to easy, are comparatively evaluated. Accordingly, the GRU1 and GRU2 variants outperformed the standard GRU. In addition, the curriculum learning approach, in which the training data is expanded from easy to difficult, improves the performance considerably.
Wideband decoupling technique for two‐element antenna array by using pixel neutralization line

This letter proposes a high isolation two‐element multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna by using a wideband pixel neutralization line (NL). The design procedures are simplified as follows: (1) Obtaining the Y‐parameters of the original two‐element antenna with a grid of microstrip stubs, and discrete ports are inserted among microstrip stubs; (2) obtaining the binary codes of the optimum route. Importing Y‐parameters into MATLAB, and using a genetic algorithm to obtain the optimum connection route by design formulas upon scattering matrix which guarantees high isolation; (3) translating the binary codes into the actual connection metallic lines; (4) adding the designed pixel NL and appropriate matching branches into EM simulator to optimize the antenna; (5) obtaining a high isolation two‐element antenna. The original two‐element antenna has poor isolation with the main path coupling, and the pixel NL provides an auxiliary coupling path between two elements. By adjusting pixel NL, the magnitude strengths of two coupling signals realize the same, while the phases are exactly opposite. Therefore, the wideband high isolation between antenna elements is realized. To verify the practicability of the proposed pixel decoupling neutral line, a reference and proposed two‐element MIMO antennas are fabricated and measured. In the experiment, the isolation of the proposed two‐element antenna with an edge‐to‐edge distance of 0. 0943λ0 (λ0 is the wavelength in free space at the center frequency) is enhanced by about 17 dB in the working frequency band from 0.975 to 1.025 GHz. Besides, an L‐typed feeding network is added to guarantee a good matching condition. The proposed two‐element antenna has a size of 0. 617λ0 × 0. 667λ0, and the dimension of each radiation patch is 0. 3267λ0 × 0. 0725λ0. The proposed GA algorithm‐based decoupling technique has a significant superiority over traditional ones. Efficient, simple, and one‐time EM simulation are its major advantages, which can liberate the RF engineer from the heavy debugging work.
Return probability for the loop-erased random walk and mean height in the Abelian sandpile model: a proof

Single site height probabilities in the Abelian sandpile model, and the corresponding mean height ⟨h⟩, are directly related to the probability Pret that a loop-erased random walk passes through a nearest neighbour of the starting site (return probability). The exact values of these quantities on the square lattice have been conjectured, in particular ⟨h⟩ = 25/8 and Pret = 5/16. We provide a rigorous proof of this conjecture by using a local monomer–dimer formulation of these questions.
The discriminant validity of single-question assessments of subjective cognitive complaints in an Asian older adult population

Objective To compare the discriminant validity of three different single-question assessments of subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) for dementia in a community-based older adult population in Singapore. Methods Eligible older adults aged ≥60 were recruited into phase I for identifying those who require further assessment using the Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT) and progressive forgetfulness question (PFQ). Participants who failed either tests entered phase II and were administered various single-question assessments of SCC, such as the 8th question on the patient Ascertain Dementia 8 (AD8-8pt), informant AD8 (AD8-8info), and the 10th item on the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-10), followed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and a formal neuropsychological battery to identify the participant’s cognitive status by a research diagnosis and DSM-IV criteria. Differences in characteristics among diagnostic groups were compared. All discriminatory indices (sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values, overall accuracy) for these single-question assessments and their combinations with the MoCA were calculated and reported to confirm their discriminant validity in identifying the existence of subjective complaints and objective impairment. Results A total of 3,780 participants were assessed at phase I, of which 957 entered and completed phase II. Of whom, 911 were dementia-free and 46 had dementia. The MoCA (13/14) displayed good sensitivity (95.6%), specificity (81.5%), and overall accuracy (82.1%) for dementia detection. The GDS-10 and AD8-8pt showed poor discriminant validity, while the AD8-8info had the highest specificity (83.2%) and the greatest overall accuracy (82.5%) for dementia. Compensatory combination of the AD8-8info with MoCA, the sensitivity and positive predictive values were optimized (100%), while the conjunctive combination of two tools achieved excellent specificity (96.3%) and overall accuracy (94.8%) in discriminating dementia patients. Conclusion and implications Combining a reliable single-question SCC assessment with an objective tool can efficiently discriminate dementia patients from healthy older adults in the community.
Traditional chinese medicine in coronary microvascular disease

Coronary microvascular disease (CMVD) is common in patients with cardiovascular risk factors and is associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Although the study of CMVD in modern medicine is ongoing, there is still no effective treatment for it. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has some clinical advantages based on syndrome differentiation and individualized treatment. In this review, we review the clinical significance, pathogenesis, and current treatments of CMVD and systematically summarize the clinical efficacy and potential action mechanisms of TCM for CMVD. In addition, the scientific problems that need to be solved urgently and the research strategy of TCM for CMVD are described. CMVD has great clinical significance, but there are still many gaps in the related research. This review aims to attract the attention of clinicians to CMVD and promote research on CMVD in TCM.
How does high-commitment work systems stimulate employees’ creative behavior? A multilevel moderated mediation model

How to effectively stimulate employees’ creative behavior is a hot topic in the field of organizational behavior. Based on conservation of resources theory and substitutes for leadership theory, this paper discusses the impact of high-commitment work systems on employees’ creative behavior and the roles of employees’ wellbeing and CEO inclusive leadership. By constructing a cross-level structural equation model and analyzing the paired data of 86 CEOs, 86 HR managers and 489 employees, the results show that: (1) high-commitment work systems have positive impact on employees’ creative behavior; (2) employee’s wellbeing mediates the process of high-commitment work systems driving employees’ creative behavior; and (3) CEO inclusive leadership negatively moderates the relationship between high-commitment work systems and employees’ wellbeing, and further negatively moderates the indirect effect of high-commitment work systems on employees’ creative behavior through employees’ wellbeing, that is, the lower the level of CEO inclusive leadership is, the stronger the impact of high-commitment work systems on employees’ creative behavior through employees’ wellbeing will be.
Dietary inosine monophosphate improved liver health and flesh quality of gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) via activating AMPK signalling pathway and enhancing the contents of muscle fat and flavour substance

Inosine monophosphate (IMP) improves the flesh quality of livestock and poultry, but studies about its effect on fishes are limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of exogenous IMP on the liver health and flesh quality of gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). The results showed that IMP supplementation alleviated hepatic lipid deposition by increasing the AMP/ATP ratio and activating the AMPK signaling pathway then decreased inflammatory cytokine expression levels. Additionally, IMP increased the intramuscular fat content. Metabolomic analysis of meat revealed that the IMP, adenosine monophosphate (AMP), guanosine, inosine and purine metabolism pathways were involved in the improvements in fish meat quality, composition and taste that resulted from IMP supplementation. Our study provides a relatively comprehensive assessment of the effect of exogenous IMP on the liver metabolism and flesh quality of farmed fish. The results provide an effective food supplementation strategy for cultured fish.
Vitamin D and curcumin-loaded PCL nanofibrous for engineering osteogenesis and immunomodulatory scaffold

The accelerating bone healing process is still a major challenge in clinical orthopedics, especially in critical-sized bone defects. Recently, Nanofiber membranes are showing increasing attention in the biomedical field due to their good biocompatibility, mechanical stability, and the ability to work as a drug carrier to achieve localized and sustained drug delivery. Herein, a multifunction nanofiber membrane loaded with vitamin D (Vit D) and curcumin (Cur) was successfully fabricated using electrospinning technology. In addition, we innovatively modified Vit D with PEG to improve the hydrophilicity of PCL nanofibers. The vitro results of CCK-8, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and mineralization demonstrated that the PCL/Vit D-Cur membrane had great potential for enhancing the proliferation/differentiation of osteoblasts. Moreover, the synergistic effect of Vit D-Cur loaded PCL nanofiber membrane showed a superior ability to improve the anti-inflammatory activity through M2 polarization. Furthermore, in vivo results confirmed that the defect treated with PCL/Vit D-Cur nanofiber membrane was filled with the newly formed bone after 1 month. These results indicate that the Vit D/Cur loaded membrane can be applied for potential bone regeneration therapy.
Development of a non-contact sleep monitoring system for children

Daily monitoring is important, even for healthy children, because sleep plays a critical role in their development and growth. Polysomnography is necessary for sleep monitoring. However, measuring sleep requires specialized equipment and knowledge and is difficult to do at home. In recent years, smartwatches and other devices have been developed to easily measure sleep. However, they cannot measure children's sleep, and contact devices may disturb their sleep. A non-contact method of measuring sleep is the use of video during sleep. This is most suitable for the daily monitoring of children’s sleep, as it is simple and inexpensive. However, the algorithms have been developed only based on adult sleep, whereas children’s sleep is known to differ considerably from that of adults. For this reason, we conducted a non-contact estimation of sleep stages for children using video. The participants were children between the ages of 0–6 years old. We estimated the four stages of sleep using the body movement information calculated from the videos recorded. Six parameters were calculated from body movement information. As children’s sleep is known to change significantly as they grow, estimation was divided into two groups (0–2 and 3–6 years). The results show average estimation accuracies of 46.7 ± 6.6 and 49.0 ± 4.8% and kappa coefficients of 0.24 ± 0.11 and 0.28 ± 0.06 in the age groups of 0–2 and 3–6 years, respectively. This performance is comparable to or better than that reported in previous adult studies.