Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surveying the Giant H ii Regions of the Milky Way with SOFIA. III. W49A

We present our third set of results from our mid-infrared imaging survey of Milky Way Giant H ii regions with our detailed analysis of W49A, one of the most distant, yet most luminous, GH ii regions in the Galaxy. We used the FORCAST instrument on the Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) to obtain 20 and 37 μm images of the entire ∼5. ′0 × 3. ′5 infrared-emitting area of W49A at a spatial resolution of ∼3″. Utilizing these SOFIA data in conjunction with previous multiwavelength observations from the near-infrared to radio, including Spitzer-IRAC and Herschel-PACS archival data, we investigate the physical nature of individual infrared sources and subcomponents within W49A. For individual compact sources, we used the multiwavelength photometry data to construct spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and fit them with massive young stellar object (MYSO) SED models and find 22 sources that are likely to be MYSOs. Ten new sources are identified for the first time in this work. Even at 37 μm we are unable to detect infrared emission from the sources on the western side of the extremely extinguished ring of compact radio emission sources known as the Welch Ring. Utilizing multiwavelength data, we derived luminosity-to-mass ratio and virial parameters of the extended radio subregions of W49A to estimate their relative ages and find that overall the subcomponents of W49A have a very small spread in evolutionary state compared to our previously studied GH ii regions.
Tensor Decomposition Bounds for TBM-Based Massive Access

Tensor-based modulation (TBM) has been proposed in the context of unsourced random access for massive uplink communication. In this modulation, transmitters encode data as rank-1 tensor, with factors from a discrete vector constellation. This construction allows to split the multi-user receiver into a user separation step based on a low-rank tensor decomposition, and independent single-user demappers. In this paper, we analyze the limits of the tensor decomposition using Cramér-Rao bounds, providing bounds on the accuracy of the estimated factors. These bounds are shown by simulation to be tight at high SNR. We introduce an approximate perturbation model for the output of the tensor decomposition, which facilitates the computation of the log-likelihood ratios (LLR) of the transmitted bits, and provides an approximate achievable bound for the finite-length error probability. Combining TBM with classical forward error correction coding schemes such as polar codes, we use the approximate LLR to derive soft decoders showing a gain over hard decoders at low SNR.
Underwater metamaterial absorber with impedance-matched composite

By using a structured tungsten-polyurethane composite that is impedance matched to water while simultaneously having a much slower longitudinal sound speed, we have theoretically designed and experimentally realized an underwater acoustic absorber exhibiting high absorption from 4 to 20 kHz, measured in a 5.6 m by 3.6 m water pool with the time-domain approach. The broadband functionality is achieved by optimally engineering the distribution of the Fabry-Perot resonances, based on an integration scheme, to attain impedance matching over a broad frequency range. The average thickness of the integrated absorber, 8.9 mm, is in the deep subwavelength regime (~λ/42 at 4 kHz) and close to the causal minimum thickness of 8.2 mm that is evaluated from the simulated absorption spectrum. The structured composite represents a new type of acoustic metamaterials that has high acoustic energy density and promises broad underwater applications.
Multivariate feature ranking of gene expression data

Gene expression datasets are usually of high dimensionality and therefore require efficient and effective methods for identifying the relative importance of their attributes. Due to the huge size of the search space of the possible solutions, the attribute subset evaluation feature selection methods tend to be not applicable, so in these scenarios feature ranking methods are used. Most of the feature ranking methods described in the literature are univariate methods, so they do not detect interactions between factors. In this paper we propose two new multivariate feature ranking methods based on pairwise correlation and pairwise consistency, which we have applied in three gene expression classification problems. We statistically prove that the proposed methods outperform the state of the art feature ranking methods Clustering Variation, Chi Squared, Correlation, Information Gain, ReliefF and Significance, as well as feature selection methods of attribute subset evaluation based on correlation and consistency with multi-objective evolutionary search strategy.
Statistical Perspective on Functional and Causal Neural Connectomics: A Comparative Study

Representation of brain network interactions is fundamental to the translation of neural structure to brain function. As such, methodologies for mapping neural interactions into structural models, i.e., inference of functional connectome from neural recordings, are key for the study of brain networks. While multiple approaches have been proposed for functional connectomics based on statistical associations between neural activity, association does not necessarily incorporate causation. Additional approaches have been proposed to incorporate aspects of causality to turn functional connectomes into causal functional connectomes, however, these methodologies typically focus on specific aspects of causality. This warrants a systematic statistical framework for causal functional connectomics that defines the foundations of common aspects of causality. Such a framework can assist in contrasting existing approaches and to guide development of further causal methodologies. In this work, we develop such a statistical guide. In particular, we consolidate the notions of associations and representations of neural interaction, i.e., types of neural connectomics, and then describe causal modeling in the statistics literature. We particularly focus on the introduction of directed Markov graphical models as a framework through which we define the Directed Markov Property—an essential criterion for examining the causality of proposed functional connectomes. We demonstrate how based on these notions, a comparative study of several existing approaches for finding causal functional connectivity from neural activity can be conducted. We proceed by providing an outlook ahead regarding the additional properties that future approaches could include to thoroughly address causality.
Can Innovation be lean? Lean’s Influence on Innovation

This master thesis deals with the analysis of Lean’s influence on innovation. The applied theoretical framework combines the Lean theory represented by the seven major Lean practices identified by Olivella et al. (2008) with Kline and Rosenberg’s (1986) chain-linked model of innovation and the classification of innovation types of Cooper (1998). In the present work it was examined how Lean is influencing innovation when it is implemented in an innovation-oriented environment. In order to answer this research question, six expert interviews with CEOs, Executives and Consultants from five different industries were conducted and subjected to a qualitative content analysis. As a result of this examination, it has been shown that Lean may impede as well as complement innovation. On the one hand Lean may complement innovation by freeing up resources and providing an appropriate environment for innovation characterized by a learning character and multi-functional and multi-skilled knowledge workers operating according to scientific methods. On the other hand Lean may impede innovation by reducing slack, risks, and variability, which are arguably important to innovation. Furthermore, it has been shown that the innovation process is influenced negatively most likely at its early stage, and that Lean is rather related to innovation types which are process-oriented. The collected data were found to be fruitful in answering the question of how Lean is influencing innovation. However, questions regarding the innovation process and innovation types could not be answered satisfactorily. Here, further research is needed.
MARKER-LESS TRACKING OF HUMAN MOVEMENT USING MICROSOFT KINECT

This study quantifies the accuracy of the Microsoft Kinect in two motions. Ten participants were asked to perform reaching and throwing actions which were recorded simultaneously by a Kinect and a motion analysis corporation (MAC) capture system. Elbow and shoulder angles were calculated for both motions. NITE (PrimeSense, USA) and IPI soft tracking algorithms were used. NITE tracking had an average maximum error of 32.4? for the elbow and shoulder in the reach motion and 95.3? in the throwing motion. IPI soft had equivalent maximum error values of 22.3? and 43.0? respectively. While accuracy isn’t high, and suffers in high speed motions, the advantages offered by markerless tracking, low cost and zero calibration make the Kinect potentially valuable for motion analysis in coaching, clinical and educational domains.
Introduction to Biomedical Telemetry

The word telemetry is derived from the Greek words tele = “remote” and metron = “measure” and allows data measurements to be made at a distance. In other words, data are measured in situ and further transmitted remotely to a receiving station. Typically, telemetry systems have been used in the testing of moving vehicles such as cars, aircraft, and missiles. Biomedical telemetry permits the measurement of physiological signals at a distance. Physiological signals are obtained by means of appropriate transducers, postprocessed, and eventually transmitted to an exterior monitoring and/or control device. The exterior device can be placed onto the patient’s body or at a close distance next to the patient but can also further communicate with a distant hospital or physicians’ station with the help of telemedicine technologies and infrastructure. The principal purpose of biomedical telemetry is to take advantage of the recent advances in wired and wireless communication technologies in order to address the growing demands of the health care community. The goal is to take advantage of the recent improvements in electronics and communications in order to develop a new generation of medical devices with incorporated biomedical telemetry functionalities. Medical devices can be defined as any physical device which is useful for preventive, diagnostic, monitoring, or therapeutic functions. Such devices are expected to support
Digital Filters for Low-Frequency Equalization

Digital filters with high resolution in the low-frequency range are studied. Specifically, for a given computational power, traditional IIR filters are compared with warped FIR filters, warped IIR filters, and modified warped FIR filters termed warped individual z FIR filters (WizFIR). The results indicate that IIR filters are the most effective in a number of situations.
Scoring Points: How Tesco Continues to Win Customer Loyalty

Introduction 1. Questions of loyalty In the beginning What is loyalty? The secrets of success Is customer loyalty genuine? 2. Making loyalty pay The economics of loyalty marketing Playing a zero sum game The foundations of a loyalty scheme Four loyalty 'currencies' Does a loyalty programme pay? 3. Clubcard on trial The trials Tesco and loyalty in history Project Omega The DNA of loyalty Rediscovering the customer 4. Because we can The national launch The need for speed 'Electronic Green Shield Stamps' catch on What made the launch a success? 5. Every little helped The Clubcard effect The loyalty contract The first quarterly mailing Waiting for the zero sum effect Maintaining momentum 6. Data, lovely data Drinking from the fire hose Measuring customer loyalty The problems with data warehouses Making a warehouse work What Tesco learnt about data 7. Four Christmases a year The Banana Man of Worcester To mail, or not to mail? Auditing the Clubcard statement Licensed to print money The 'Quarterly me' What Tesco learnt about mail 8. You are what you eat Five years of work Five problems for the data to solve The loyalty cube Discovering that you are what you eat Baskets become Buckets Buckets become Lifestyles 9. Lifestyles become habits Using all the data The Rolling Ball Shopping Habits Big Brother Segments at work 10. Launching a bank Clubcard Plus Outbanking the banks The bank of Tesco Sainsbury's bites back A new way of banking The Clubcard effect in a new business 11. Babies, beauty and wine Strengthening the bond The inner circle Baby Club Clubcard pizza What Tesco learnt about 'sub-clubs' 12. A bigger deal Partners for Clubcard Solo, shared and outsourced The early Clubcard partnerships Clubcard Deals Broadening the offer 13. From mouse to house 'It's our job to make home shopping work' Tesco on the internet Real shoppers, real stores, real advantage The bubble that didn't burst How it's different online Becoming a non-food e-tailer How Clubcard helped Tesco.com 14. Back to basics Ask the audience Simplifying Clubcard Simple marketing 15. Clubcard overseas Is customer loyalty the same everywhere? Crossing the Atlantic Slaughtering sacred cows dunnhumby USA A journey with Kroger 16. 'Tesco's most potent weapon' A critical function Smart weapons in the price war The Shop Making promotions work harder Three little words
From an encyclopedia of Iranian Folklore to an ontology of Iranian folklore

The main resource of the thesis came from 37 years of research work by Ahmad Shamlou, an Iranian poet. The body of research should be transformed from manuscript to digital material. Designing and implementing a semantic ontology for such a folk encyclopedia is a basic and essential part of the thesis. As the material bank is significantly large, semantic marking of the materials in their entirety must be done in a group action and this thesis aims to develop the appropriate framework for the encyclopedia. The model aims to fulfill the philosophy behind Shamlou's approach to the concept of Encyclopedia as an indexical reference to the world by the language and words. The thesis will analyze different approaches in ontology deployment from a basic lexical ontology based on WordNet to an extended model for ontology development involving different domains of knowledge in the field of Folklore. Deploying such model happens in the real conditions surrounding the faith of the remained materials and therefore the digitalization and indexing process must be discussed on pragmatic bases.
The fabrication of 3-D photonic band gap structures

Photonic bandgap (PBG) structures have emerged to provide exciting opportunities for new and improved devices covering the electromagnetic spectrum from microwaves to the optical region. A photonic bandgap crystal is a periodic dielectric structure that presents a range of frequencies within which photons fail to propagate. A defect state can also be introduced in the photonic band gap. PBG crystals are expected to be useful in making high-Q microcavities for single-mode light-emitting diodes and low threshold lasers. This project focuses on the fabrication of a class of three dimensional photonic bandgap structures exhibiting resonances at three midgap frequencies (4.3 tm, 4.5 pm and 4.7ýpm) using two material systems Si/air and Si/SiO,/air. In the structure under fabrication, the photonic bandgap is as large as 14% of the midgap frequency using Si/SiO2/air and 23% using Si/air (after the SiO2 is etched away). In the process of building these structures, various fabrication issues have been investigated and addressed. The creation of trenches in polysilicon with straight side walls required the used of a low temperature oxide hard mask and a C12-based plasma etch. The problems with various other masks and plasma etches that were used in a attempt to create the trenches, will be discussed. Various oxides were investigated in order to fill the poly Si trenches. Borophosphosilicate glass was found to completely fill the trenches, while oxides that were deposited by other means typically exhibited voids in the center of the trench. Chemical-mechanical polishing was used to planarize the surface after the deposition of borophosphosilicate glass. The chemical-mechanical polishing process requirements will be discussed as the PBG structure requires the complete removal of the oxide between the layers. Poly Si was then deposited on the planarized surface for the next layer and the process repeated. The use of oxygen ion implantation in order to always maintain a planarized surface and the use of a deep-UV stepper will be addressed. Thesis Supervisor: Leslie A. Kolodziejski Title: Esther and Harold E. Edgerton Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
A 25-Gb/s 5-mW CDR/Deserializer in 65-nm Technology

Recent studies indicate that the input/output (I/O) bandwidth of serial links must increase by 2 to 3 times every two years so as to keep up with the demand for higher data rates. In order to manage such bandwidths with reasonable power consumption, an efficiency of around 1 mW/Gb/s for the overall transceiver is targeted, necessitating a much smaller value for each building block.The latches, demultiplexers and frequency dividers comprising a broadband receiver consume the lion's share of the power. Current-steering circuits run at high speed but draw considerable static power, whereas rail-to-rail CMOS circuits can avoid static bias but at the cost of speed. This work describes the development of a 25-Gb/s clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit and a deserializer that, through the use of charge steering and other innovations, achieve a twenty-fold reduction in the power dissipation with respect to the prior art. Realized in 65-nm CMOS technology, an experimental prototype draws 5-mW from a 1-V supply, exhibiting an integrated clock jitter of 1.52 ps,rms and a jitter tolerance of 0.5 unit interval (UI) at a jitter frequency of 5 MHz
A decision—making model of gear process for green manufacturing

A decision-making model of gear process for green manufacturing is presented, which integrates the five objectives including the time, quality, cost, resource consumption and environmental impact of gear process together into the development of a strategy. Mathematical description is provided for the multi-objectives decision-making model. The expert judgment and the multi-fuzzy assessment theory are introduced to do sensible comparisons and give quantitative results. A case study on practical cutting tool selection in gear machining demonstrates that the proposed model is applicable.
Optimization of Instrumental Spectral Configurations for the Split-Window Method in the Context of the TRISHNA Mission

We propose an original approach to optimize the Thermal infraRed Imaging Satellite for High-resolution Natural resource Assessment (TRISHNA) instrument spectral configuration for the split-window (SW) method. First, we consider as input of end-to-end simulations an emissivity data set that accounts for cavity effect within vegetation canopy. Second, we propose a bidimensional approach where both locations of TRISHNA SW channels, namely <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{c}^{\text {TIR3}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{c}^{\text {TIR4}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, can slide within predefined spectral intervals. We report a large sensitivity to channel positions, with variations of root mean square error (RMSE) on retrieved land surface temperature (LST) up to 3 K. Our bidimensional approach shows that this sensitivity is consistent with the underlying assumptions of the SW method. Indeed, two regions are observed in the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(\lambda _{c}^{\text {TIR3}},\,\lambda _{c}^{\text {TIR4}})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> space: 1) an unfavorable region corresponding to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{c}^{\text {TIR3}}\leq 10.0~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where large RMSE values are ascribed to large differences between emissivities in both SW channels, and 2) a favorable region corresponding to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{c}^{\text {TIR3}}\geq 10.3~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where differences between emissivities in both SW channels are small and RMSE values are driven by the differences between atmospheric transmittance in both SW channels. Overall, it is necessary to better account for the difference in surface emissivities between the two SW channels, whereas disregarding the cavity effect within vegetation canopy is not critical. Eventually, our bidimensional approach permits to define an optimal position for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{c}^{\text {TIR3}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10.6~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which induces larger robustness to uncertainties on channel positions. By applying our study on two structurally different SW formulations and addressing impacts of uncertainties on land surface emissivity (LSE) and atmospheric water vapor content (AWVC), we show that these results can be generalized to other SW formulations.
Foundations of the After Action Review Process

Abstract : The U.S. Army has adopted the After Action Review (AAR) as its primary method of providing feedback after unit collective training exercises. The AAR is an interactive discussion in which unit members decide what happened, why it happened, and how to improve or sustain collective performance in future exercises. other services and organizations outside the military are also beginning to employ the AAR as a feedback tool. This report describes the twenty-five year history of AAR research and development and the major behavioral research areas contributing to AAR development and refinement. In addition, this report defines goals for future AAR research.
Study on Shielding Effectiveness of Fabric for Electromagnetic Wave with Different Inlaid Distances of Metal Fibres

College of Textiles and material , Xi' an University of Engineering Science and Technology, Xi'an 710048ZHANG Jian- chunThe Quartermaster Research Institute of the General Logistics Department, Beijing 100088The electromagnetic radicalization has become more serious. The shielding effectiveness of polyester fabrics with different inlaid distance of parallel metal fibres to electromagnetic wave was studied in this paper on special instrument made by ourselves. The results of test show that the fabric with different inlaid distances of metal fibres and the testing angle between electric field plane and parallel metal fibres of have obvious effect on the shielding effectiveness of electromagnetic wave.
Belle II Technical Design Report

The Belle detector at the KEKB electron-positron collider has collected almost 1 billion Y(4S) events in its decade of operation. Super-KEKB, an upgrade of KEKB is under construction, to increase the luminosity by two orders of magnitude during a three-year shutdown, with an ultimate goal of 8E35 /cm^2 /s luminosity. To exploit the increased luminosity, an upgrade of the Belle detector has been proposed. A new international collaboration Belle-II, is being formed. The Technical Design Report presents physics motivation, basic methods of the accelerator upgrade, as well as key improvements of the detector.