Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The late neolithic grave at Gyvakarai in Lithuania in the context of current archaeological and anthropological knowledge

The paper discusses a rare archaeological and anthropological find – a Late Neolithic grave, found in the year 2000 in Gyvakarai village (Kupiskis region). The site was discovered by chance, when local inhabitants were digging gravel from the slope on the left bank of the Žvikė creek. Radiocarbon dating (two separate samples of bone analysed): 3745±70 bp (right tibia, Ki-9470) and 3710±80 bp (left ulna, Ki-9471) confirmed the initial supposition of Late Neolithic, and actually falls to the very end of this period. The following grave goods associated with the inhumation were found: boat-shaped polished stone axe with shaft-hole; hafted axe, produced from flint of a greyish colour; a blade-knife, produced from flint of a greyish colour; a hammer-headed bone (antler? ) pin, found among disturbed bones of the burial (to our knowledge this is the first hammer headed pin in Lithuania). The osteological analysis of the burial revealed that the bones belonged to one fragmentary skeleton. Bone fragments are well preserved, and were from parts of the skull vault, both maxillas, the right side of the mandible, five cervical, twelve thoracic, five lumbar vertebrae, fragments of ribs, the handle of the sternum, both clavicles and scapulae, humeri, ulnae, right radius, right and left hand bones, fragments of both coxal bones, femora, tibias, fibulas and bones of the feet. The skeleton belonged to an adult male that died at the age of 35-45 years. The skull vault was too fragmentary for measurement, visually it can be evaluated as hypermorphic, dolichocranic, with an average or even a broad face. The postcranial skeleton is hypermorphic, with marked muscle insertions. The reconstructed stature is 173-176 cm. Such a massive skeleton is typical of other Lithuanian Corded ware/Boat Axe culture people, and similar to those found in Estonia, prussia and later the fatyanovo people from the Central Russian plain. This new case forces us to revive the long-lasting discussions about the origins of Indo-Europeans and the Balts. Summarising the current empirical facts and hypotheses based on archaeological, linguistic, anthropological and genetic data, we can find support for both migration and acculturation models. All known Corded Ware/Boat Axe burials in Lithuania are singular, contain individuals of adult/mature age, are associated with a particular set of grave goods and characterised by a very specific phenotype – these facts would support the hypothesis of immigration. However, some facts would also speak for the acculturation hypothesis: probably the adoption of the Indo-European language was earlier, via cultural transfer, and migrants of Kurgan people already found communities with whom they could communicate. However, they left no significant impact on the local anthropological substrate.
Are The Spanish Citrus Farms Efficient

Spain occupies the first position in the European and Mediterranean rankings of citrus production and trade. In our analysis we assess the technical efficiency with which this sector is operating. The main objective of this study is to analyze productivity and technical efficiency of Spanish citrus sector through citrus farms with high orange production. A stochastic frontier production model is estimated in which the technical inefficiency effects are defined by the time-varying inefficiency model. A primal approach is used to decompose Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth into its various components. Results indicate improvement in efficiency scores of Spanish citrus farms along the period studied. Allocative efficiencies, technical efficiency change, and scale effects are found to be the main factors that increase TFP growth.
Credit scoring using neural and evolutionary techniques

This paper compares the predictive performance of linear discriminant analysis, neural networks, genetic algorithms and decision trees in distinguishing between good and slow payers of bank credit card accounts. Predictive models were built using the evolutionary techniques and the results compared with those gained from the discriminant analysis model published in Crook et al. (1992), The Service Industries Journal 12 which uses the same dataset. A range of parameters under the control of the investigator was investigated. We found that the predictive performance of linear discriminant analysis was superior to that of the other three techniques. This is consistent with some studies but inconsistent with others.
Early emotional development and the developmental matrix

Summary The author presents an outline of early emotional development, integrating psychoanalytic theory with studies based on observation. The main conclusions are as follows: (a) Infants are not mere recipients of maternal care; they play an active role in eliciting a caregiver’s “parenting response” and hence participate in shaping their own environment. (b) It is a mistake to consider infants as merely immature, undifferentiated organisms. Infants come to the world well equipped for their role, and their very immaturity is an asset facilitating their development. (c) There is considerable variability in the innate endowment of infants, a variability that can have profound effect on the relationship with the caregivers and on future development. (d) The infant develops in several dimensions simultaneously: perceptual, cognitive, motor, emotional and social. These developmental lines are not merely contemporaneous and parallel; they connect intimately, creating a matrix of reciprocal influences. infant, emotional development / infant observation / psychoanalysis
On the Relationship between Heat Waves over the Western and Central Europe and NAO, SOI, El-Nino 3.4 in Summer 2015

An extreme warming hit Europe in summer of the year 2015. The present paper investigates the relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAO), Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and El-Nino 3.4 and heat waves that persist over the western and central Europe in the summer of 2015. The NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis daily dataset of the mean surface air temperature for the domains of the western and central Europe for summer months (June, July and August) of the year, 2015 has used. In addition, the time cross-section analysis of the daily gridded operational data for the mean surface air temperature over the western and central Europe from 1 June to 31 August 2015 has done. Moreover, daily datasets of the NAO, SOI, and El-Nino 3.4 for that period have used. The time series, time cross section, anomaly and correlation coefficient techniques are used to analyze the data sets. The results revealed that the cases of heat waves that existed over the western and central Europe through the summer season of the year 2015 were controlled distinctly by the negative phase of the NAO and positive phase of ENSO.
The Effects of Space Weathering at UV Wavelengths: S-Class Asteroids

We present evidence that space weathering manifests itself at near-UV wavelengths as a bluing of the spectrum, in contrast with the spectral reddening that has been seen at visible-near-IR wavelengths. Furthermore, the effects of space weathering at UV wavelengths tend to appear with less weathering than do the longer wavelength effects, suggesting that the UV wavelength range is a more sensitive indicator of weathering, and thus age. We report results from analysis of existing near-UV (∼220-350 nm) measurements of S-type asteroids from the International Ultraviolet Explorer and the Hubble Space Telescope and comparisons with laboratory measurements of meteorites to support this hypothesis. Composite spectra of S asteroids are produced by combining UV spacecraft data with ground-based longer wavelength data. At visible-near-IR wavelengths, S-type asteroids are generally spectrally redder (and darker) than ordinary chondrite meteorites, whereas the opposite is generally true at near-UV wavelengths. Similarly, laboratory measurements of lunar samples show that lunar soils (presumably more weathered) are spectrally redder at longer wavelengths, and spectrally bluer at near-UV wavelengths, than less weathered crushed lunar rocks. The UV spectral bluing may be a result of the addition of nanophase iron to the regolith through the weathering process. The UV bluing is most prominent in the 300-400 nm range, where the strong UV absorption edge is degraded with weathering.
Asymmetries between Wavenumber Spectra of Along- and Across-Track Velocity from Tandem Mission Altimetry

Satellite altimetry has proven to be one of the most useful oceanographic datasets, providing a continuous, near-global record of surface geostrophic currents, among other uses. One limitation of observations from a single satellite is the difficulty of estimating the full geostrophic velocity field. The 3-yr Jason-1–Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX)/Poseidon tandem mission, with two satellites flying parallel tracks, promised to overcome this limitation. However, the wide track separation severely limits the tandem mission’s resolution and reduces the observed velocity variance. In this paper, the effective filter imposed by the track separation is discussed and two important consequences for any application of the tandem mission velocities are explained. First, while across-track velocity is simply low-pass filtered, along-track velocity is attenuated also at wavelengths much longer than the track separation. Second, velocity wavenumber spectral slopes are artificially steepened by a factor of k 22 at wavelengths smaller than the track separation. Knowledge of the effective filter has several applications, including reconstruction of the full velocity spectrum from the heavily filtered observations. Here, the hypothesis that the tandem mission flow field is horizontally nondivergent and isotropic is tested. The effective filter is also used to predict the fraction of the eddy kinetic energy (EKE) that is captured for a given track separation. The EKEcaptured falls off rapidly for track separations greater than about 20 km.
Linking Leadership and Decision Making to the School Violence Issue.

Factors that influence principals in decisions related to violence in schools were studied through semi-structured interviews with 12 junior high school principals in a large western Canadian school district. Participants were selected on the basis of their known involvement in school violence prevention initiatives. Several decision-making process components were identified: (1) identifying the problem; (2) responding to internal and external influences; (3) making decisions; and (4) evaluating decisions based on perceived outcomes. The principals interviewed conceptualized violence not as a problem, but as a symptom and response by students to unfulfilled needs that could often be met by the school. These principals made their decisions based on their expectations of what an excellent schooling experience would offer the students and what the role of the school staff would be in providing this experience. Principals used many sources of influence and personal beliefs as filters through which they prioritized problem areas and determined the best course of action. (Contains 43 references.) (SLD) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** Linking Leadership and Decision Making to the School Violence Issue Irene M. MacDonald, Ph.D. University of Calgary, Alberta Canada email: imacdona@tscs.ucedgary. ca PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BYI
Possible asynchronous parturition in a multifetal strepsirrhine: Hapalemur meridionalis

Although infrequent among primates, twinning is common among strepsirrhines, a group of primates that includes the lemurs of Madagascar. As with any multifetal pregnancy, complications during gestation or even parturition can arise due to various factors (e.g., amniotic infection, stress). On rare occasions during labour of twins, parturition may be delayed between the two neonates, a phenomenon known as ‘delayed interval delivery’ that has been well-documented among the human medical journals. Based on circumstantial evidence, we report an opportunistic account of a habituated, adult female southern bamboo lemur (Hapalemur meridionalis) from Mandena, southeast Madagascar, first giving birth to an infant in mid-October 2013 (found deceased), and then birthing a live infant sometime between 5-21 days later. Similar to cases reported in human medical literature, the second infant survived and appeared to stay healthy until the conclusion of the study. Our account of asynchronous parturition of twins in a non-human primate is, to our knowledge, the first reported case in the literature.
Do Precious Metals Shine in the Portfolio of a Nordic Investor

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate if precious metals can act as diversifiers in a portfolio of Finnish, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish or USA stocks, and if it is better to follow a buy-and-hold strategy or a more tactical switching strategy to complement a portfolio of stocks with precious materials. The study covers 28 years of daily data in the sample period extending from March 1988 to August 2016. A GARCH type model is used to investigate the diversifying qualities of precious metal in a portfolio of a country’s stocks. The model is also extended with two dummy variables to investigate if the diversifying qualities of precious metals are greater in periods of low market returns and/or in periods of high market volatility. The portfolio efficiencies of the two different investment strategies are compared to find out which way of including precious metals in an equity portfolio brings more improvement in efficiency. In the dynamic switching strategy GARCH(1,1) model is fitted each consecutive day of the simulation in a rolling window analysis to indicate when to switch, since in that strategy precious metals are only held in periods of abnormally high market volatility (when the diversification benefits of precious metals are proposed to be most pronounced). The empirical results show that precious metals have potential to act as diversifiers in a portfolio of Finnish, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish or USA stocks. Most interestingly, evidence is found of diversification benefits especially in times of extremely high market volatility for Finland with silver, for Sweden with gold, for both countries with platinum, and for Norway with gold and platinum. A buy-and-hold strategy is found to be superior to switching the strategy, which is in line with earlier research.
Cathelicidin regulates homeostasis of innate immune responses

The human antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin acts as effector molecule of the innate immune system with direct antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions. The aim of this study was to test whether the cathelicidin LL-37 modulates the response of neutrophils to microbial stimulation. Furthermore we wanted to investigate whether the presence of cathelicidin reduces pulmonary emphysema and enhances of pulmonary epithelial repair after acute lung injury induced by naphthalene. Human neutrophils were stimulated with LPS, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa following incubation with LL-37. Cytokine release was measured by ELISA. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production of neutrophils was determined by luminometric and a flow cytometric methods. Peritoneal mouse neutrophils isolated from CRAMP deficient and wildtype animals were treated with LPS and TNF-α was measured in the supernatant by ELISA. Antimicrobial activity of neutrophils was detected by incubating neutrophils isolated from CRAMP knockout and wildtype mice with bacteria. Pulmonary emphysema was induced in mice by intratracheal instillation of elastase and induction of emphysema was evaluated depending on morphological parameter like mean linear intercept (Lm). To test whether cathelicidin enhances lung tissue repair, a selective injury was induced to mouse nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells (clara) with naphthalene. The repair of clara cells were determined by immunohistochemical staining for CC10 protein. Incubation with LL-37 significantly decreased the release of proinflammatory cytokines from human neutrophils stimulated with TLR ligands or whole bacteria. LL-37 induced the production of ROS and the increased engulfment of bacteria into neutrophils. Neutrophils from CRAMP deficient mice released significantly more TNF-α after LPS stimulation and showed decreased antimicrobial activity as compared to cells from wildtype animals. Absence of cathelicidin in CRAMP deficient mice decreases significantly the repair of airway epithelium and increases the induction of pulmonary emphysema-induced by application of elastase. In conclusion, LL-37 modulates the response of various innate immune mechanisms involved in tissue homeostasis and inflammation. Cathelicidin controls the release of inflammatory mediators while increasing neutrophils antimicrobial activity.
Gain Characteristics of Silicon Transistor Treated by Laser

In this work, profiles of laser-induced diffusion of arsenic in silicon are presented. These profiles are considered to attempt increasing of the current gain of silicon transistors. The current gain is well enhanced. This enhancement is attributed to the increase achieved in the diffusion length within a certain layer of emitter region. Laser-induced diffusion is a perfect technique for improving the characteristics of electronic devices since it is flexible, contactless, clean and well controlled.
Apport de l'analyse architecturale des arbres dans l'étude de la structure des forêts tropicales sempervirentes. Cas d'une forêt dense humide du Sud de l'Inde

La complexite des forets heterogenes tropicales nous a amene a aborder la structure forestiere par une approche individuelle en utilisant l'analyse architecturale. Ainsi, le developpement architectural de 4 especes parmi les plus frequentes d'une foret dense humide sempervirente du Sud de l'Inde, a permis de montrer l'occupation spatiale de ces plantes aux differentes etapes de leur developpememt. Une etude phenologique des especes a permis de comprendre la mise en place des differents axes dans le temps et de faire le lien avec la structure de la plante. Par l'etude de la variabilite architecturale, nous avons caracterise les strategies mises en oeuvre par les especes pour acceder a leur strate forestiere (une espece de sous-bois, de sous-canopee et de canopee et une emergente) prenant en compte des facteurs du milieu tels que la lumiere et la gene physique. Pour deux de ces especes (#Vateria indica# et #Knema attenuata#), la connaissance fine de la variabilite architecturale a permis de definir un parametre, une " vigueur architecturale ", et avec l'utilisation de donnees dendrometriques de mettre en evidence une relation forte entre la forme (architecture) et l'evolution de l'accroissement en diametre. Ainsi, l'analyse architecturale permet a partir d'observations statiques de connaitre la dynamique de croissance de l'ensemble des formes de l'arbre. Combine aux connaissances des reactions des arbres, on peut definir sur les strategies de croissance des especes caracterisant leurs potentialites d'occupation de l'espace. Cette demarche pourra permettre de definir un protocole visant a quantifier (puis modeliser) les etapes de transition des differentes architectures du jeune arbre a l'adulte et d'integrer via des simulations informatiques, les effets d'interception lumineuse en ambiance forestiere. (Resume d'auteur)
Efficiency analysis for Peruvian electricity distribution sector : inefficiency’s explicative factors. A study for 2000-2008

This paper estimates the inefficiency of Peruvian electricity distribution companies to determine if the expected results from the 90’s reform were met. To do this, we used data for 19 distribution companies for the period 2000 – 2008 using a Cost Stochastic Frontier approach and estimating inefficiency in a one-step procedure. The analysis suggests that private utilities are less inefficient than public Utilities because of better management practices. In other words, private management and investments had been favorable in terms of efficiency for the period studied. Also, regulation changes, especially in 2005, have increased distribution costs and geographical characteristics impact negatively on efficiency, especially in public Utilities. This can be explained by the fact that State investment in difficult areas, with public Utilities operating, imposes additional costs (management and operational) that makes them inefficient. Future investigations should focus in a Region Analysis, for the sake of a bigger Panel sample.
Stress Level Among Final Year USM Bachelor Of Pharmacy Students During Outpatient/Counselling Clerkship

Objective: Stress is common among university students, but this condition may sometimes be beyond expectation and may interfere with academic performance, emotional or even health outcome. The objectives were to measure and to examine the difference between perceived stress level before (pre) and after (post) clerkship; and also to explore the possible stress triggers, strategy to cope stress as well as the suggestions to alleviate stress. Methods: The samples of this study were all of 67 students, whom divided into 7 groups and assigned to Outpatient/Counselling Clerkship in Hopsital Universiti Sains Malaysia for 7 consecutive weeks. They were given a set of questionnaire at the first and the last day of clerkship. The stress level was measured using 14-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS14). The subjects were given 10 minutes to fill in the questionnaire before collected by the researcher. The data analyzed by SPSS 18.0. Results: The total of PSS score pre clerkship was higher with mean of 29.08 (SD 7.91) as compared to post clerkship score with mean value of 27.70 (SD 6.86). However, this difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Most common stress trigger was ‘clerkship assignment and assessment’ (n=53, 84.1%). ‘Napping and sleeping’ (n=59, 93.7%) were reported as the most effective ways to cope with stress. The most agreed suggestions to alleviate stress was to ‘improve and expand wireless internet in pharmacy and library building’ (n=63, 96.8%). Conclusion: Stress level decreased by 4.75% after clerkship finished, but not statistically significant. Higher cohort samples needed. Suggestions from students to alleviate stress need to be reviewed and considered.