Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COMPREHENSIVE CONTROL SCHEME FOR AN INVERTER-BASED DISTRIBUTED GENERATION UNIT

In this paper, a complete control scheme is developed for an inverter-based distributed generation (IBDG) unit to produce high quality AC voltages in unit terminals. The unit uses a three-phase, four-leg inverter. The control scheme includes a feed-forward current control path and two nested loops, the outer loop for regulating the DG output voltage and the inner one for controlling the inverter current. Proportional-Resonant (PR) controllers are used in the voltage loop to track a sinusoidal reference voltage and eliminate low-order voltage harmonics. The inner current loop is used for over-load protection of the inverter, and improvement of the control system response. The current controller is designed by the state feedback method. The feed forward current control path is used to reduce impacts of load disturbances on the IBDG output voltages. Regarding the role of the inverter output filter and controllers in voltage quality, the filter design procedure is reviewed, the approach to choosing the controllers parameters is explained, and stability conditions of the system are investigated. The performance of an IBDG that supplies a local load is studied under unbalanced and nonlinear loading, and sudden changes in the load amount and voltage amplitude. Keywords– Distributed generation, unbalanced loading, nonlinear load, four-leg inverter, proportional-resonant controller, feed-forward current control path
TIME-STRESS EQUIVALENCE APPLIED TO NONLINEAR CREEP OF BIBOLO: DIBETOU (Lovoa trichilioides)

Bibolo (Lova trichilioides) wood is marketed locally under a commercial name of Dibetou and in what follows it shall be referred to as Bibolo. Stress induced changes in intrinsic timescale were investigated by nonlinear short period (3 h) creep tests on Bibolo at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, for stresses ranging from 9.19 MPa to 27.56 MPa. The creep strain and creep compliance curves versus time at four different stress levels were determined. The resultant creep compliance curves depart from each other, indicating nonlinear viscoelastic behaviour. The creep strain curves were shifted along the logarithmic time axis to get a master creep curve at a given reference stress level according to the principle of time-stress superposition. It is shown that the time-stress superposition principle provides an accelerated test method for evaluating the long-term mechanical performance this wood.
Experimental Evaluation of Thermal Properties of Grouting Materials

In recent years, the use of techniques of heating a nd space cooling with ground coupled heat pumps is spreading. This technology, also known as low energy geothermal cooling and heating, plans to use, as a heat source, the subsoi l, due to its ability to maintain its temperature constant at val ues close to the average annual temperature of the locality. The heat exchange with the ground is done by probes that generally consist of U-shaped tubes (single or doub le) made of plastic and placed in a vertical hole, drilled in t he subsoil and filled with grouting materials. For an optimal expl oitation of this technology, the use of high thermal conductivi ty grouting materials is fundamental to minimize thermal resist ance and facilitate the heat exchange between the probe and ground. This study is aimed at the thermal analysis of seal ant mortar (usually a mixtures of bentonite and cement with ad dition of sand) used in geothermal cooling and heating. In pa rticular, thermal conductivity and diffusivity measurements were performed on available materials using the so calle d Hot Disk Thermal Constants Analyser.
Examining the Diversity of Youth in Europe : A Classification of Generations and Ethnic Origins Using CILS4EU Data (Technical Report)

It is well known in migration research that the integration of immigrants and their descendants takes place over time and especially over generations. Also, it is common knowledge that immigrants stemming from different regions of the world show different paces and patterns of integration into their respective host societies. However, despite the importance of generational status and ethnic origin for studying integration processes, defining these constructs in migration surveys oftentimes is a challenging experience, mainly for three reasons. First, many surveys simply lack the collection of relevant information like the grandparents’ countries of birth that enables researchers to categorise children of immigrants beyond the second generation. Second, regardless of the depth of the information collected, missing values on central variables necessary to define the generational status and ethnic origin may lead to the problem that the existing information cannot be used to reconstruct the migration history of respondents. Third, deviations from standard migration biographies assumed by existing typologies must be taken into account as well. This working paper provides an approach to identifying immigrants, their generational status and their ethnic origin, exemplified by using a recent survey conducted in Europe: the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey in Four European Countries (CILS4EU). Using data from CILS4EU, we propose several general heuristics in order to construct a comprehensive generational status variable as well as a variable indicating the country of origin. We discuss and provide solutions for two of the problems mentioned above, the treatment of missing values as well as information about non-standard migration biographies. Subsequently, we present first descriptive results on the composition of the CILS4EU sample with respect to generational status and ethnic origin of the respondents. Besides demonstrating the procedure in CILS4EU when constructing the two central constructs generational status and ethnic origin, with this paper we would like to stimulate other migration surveys to consider similar heuristics in order to increase the comparability between the analyses and results originating from different data sources.
Effects of lions on behaviour and endocrine stress in plains zebras

Living under predation risk may alter both behaviour and physiology of potential prey. In extreme cases, such alterations may have serious demographic consequences, and recent studies support that non-lethal effects of predation may have broad ecological consequences. However, behavioural and physiological responses to predation risk may be related to trade-offs associated with resource acquisition and direct predation risk. We validated an enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) for non-invasive monitoring of stress in plains zebras (Equus quagga) from faecal material. We used this assay in combination with behavioural data to assess if plains zebras living with and without lions (Panthera leo) in a mountain savannah in southern Africa differed in behaviour and physiology, and if such differences were influenced by seasons with contrasting resource availability. Zebra group sizes did not differ between areas with and without lions, but zebra groups had more juveniles in an area with lions than groups in an area without lions, but only during the wet season. Similarly, we observed differences in individual vigilance, foraging behaviour and stress hormone concentrations, but all these differences were influenced by seasons. Despite these seasonal influences, our study did not suggest that zebras in an area with lions spent a higher proportion of time being vigilant, a lower proportion of time foraging, or had higher stress hormone levels. Our results instead suggest that zebras' responses to lion presence were highly context dependent and the result of complex interactions between resource abundance and cues about predation risk. Because of the obvious ecological and evolutionary ramifications of such findings, we argue that further research is needed to define the spatial and temporal scales over which predators impose indirect effects on their prey.
Isolation, characterization and identification of phosphate- and potassium- solubilizing bacteria from weathered materials of granite rock mountain, That Son, an Giang province, Vietnam

Two hundred and thirty-seven bacterial isolates from 118 sample soils/weathered granite rock of That Son Mountain, An Giang province, Vietnam were isolated on Aleksandrov medium. Their colonies were round or irregular, white to yellow and their shape was rod, motile. Thirty four of two hundred and thirty-seven bacterial isolates were capable of dissolving both phosphate and potassium and seven strains had high phosphate and potassium dissolution capacity (>15 mg l-1 P2O5 and >10 mg l-1 K2O). These thirty four strains were identified by using PCR technique with specific primers fd1 and rP and DNA sequencing. The results of DNAsequencing were compared with GenBank database of NCBI by BLAST N software. The sequences from selected phosphate and potassium isolates (34 isolates) showed high degrees of similarity to those of the GenBank references (between 99% and 100%). Among these sequenced isolates, 8 isolates belong to Bacilli (23.53%) and 26 isolates belong to Proteobacteria (76.47%) including 21 alpha-proteobacteria (61.76%) and 5 gamma-proteobacteria (14.71%). Based on Pi value (nucleotide diversity), Proteobacteria group had the highest Theta values and Theta values (per sequence) from S of SNP for DNA polymorphism were calculated for each group and AlphaProteobacteria group had the highest values in comparistion with two groups. These results showed that 3 strains including CA09 (Agrobacterium tumefaciens), CA29 (Rhizobium tropici) and K16B (Azotobacter tropicalis) proposed as potential microbial inoculants or biofertilizers for sustainable crop production in sandy acid soil in Vietnam because of their benefits and biosafety.
A gradient field approach to modelling fibre-generated spatial point processes

A new non-parametric model is introduced for point processes that are clustered along curves or fibres, with additional background noise. The model identifies random curves as integral lines of a gradient field. In principle this enables the inclusion of all possible non-self-intersecting curves with one underlying smoothness constraint. Markov chain Monte Carlo is combined with Empirical Bayes to provide a practical estimation procedure for properties of the underlying fibre distribution, based on the observed point pattern data. Comparisons are made with other techniques in the literature. Illustrations of the methodology include applications to fingerprints, earthquakes and galaxies.
Dynamic model for isopropanol production by Cupriavidus necator

Abstract The Hybrid Cybernetic Model (HCM) enables the simulation of metabolic fluxes by using Elementary Modes Analysis and taking into account of selected cellular regulations. These latter are represented by cybernetic control variables. In this study, a simplified metabolic network was established in order to isolate a subset of Elementary Modes, representative of the main phenotypic capabilities of the microorganism. An innovative classification of the modes was introduced in the dynamic model, which permitted the selection of the active modes based on the microbial kinetics. The case study presented here is a genetically modified strain of Cupriavidus necator, engineered to produce isopropanol. Available experimental data were used for identification of parameters in the dynamic model. This model can be used in order to predict the value of maximal and minimal product yields when other substrates will be tested.
A Simple Test of Oligopsony Behavior with an Application to Rice Milling

While the development of empirical models of seller conduct abound, arguably less attention has been paid to the development of empirical models of buyer conduct. This is especially problematic in studies of food and agricultural industries where high buyer concentration along the supply chain is the norm. The purpose of this paper is to provide one more tool in the toolkit of econometric estimation of oligopsony behavior, in particular for those cases where researchers may have rather limited data sets. We derive a set of equations to estimate buyer market power with fewer equations and less formal functional specifications than are typically used in such studies. We apply the model to the U.S. rice industry finding a degree of oligopsony behavior consistent with that found in studies of other agricultural markets.
Characteristics of downward deep-seated fire in radiata pine based on changes in volumetric mass density

The demand for and the consequent production of porous materials, such as wood, increase with industrial development and income. If a smoldering fire occurs in a porous material such as wood flour, it is difficult to find the fire location because of the development of a downward deep-seated fire. In this study, a down-scaled downward deep-seated fire model was adopted for wood flour to experimentally and theoretically elucidate the propagation phenomena of the downward velocity of deep-seated fires and subsequently predict their location. The experiment was performed on radiata pine wood flour with the density range of 0.2038 to 0.2343 g/cm3. Different tendencies were observed quantitatively in the downward temperature profiles with the changes in the volumetric mass density of the wood flour. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the deep-seated fire propagation speed is in the range of 0.0014 to 0.0018 cm/s. The practical applications of this result would be in effective extinguishing of fires in wood flour factories and silos by predicting the fire site based on the determination of the speed of propagation of the downward deep-seated fire.
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK1) regulates SHB phosphorylation and its binding with a range of signaling proteins.

O. V. Dergai , A. M. Yaruchik, A. V. Rynditch © 2016 O. V. Dergai et al.; Published by the Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine on behalf of Biopolymers and Cell. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited UDC 577.22
Motivational Beliefs and Self-Regulation in Biology Learning: Influence of Ethnicity, Gender and Grade Level in Kenya

The study investigated the influence of ethnicity, gender and grade level on the motivational beliefs and self-regulation in Biology learning through a non-experimental quantitative study among 317 students in 2 co-educational schools in Nakuru (n = 155 ) and Siaya (n = 162) counties, Kenya. The study used a modified version of Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) which had 44 items to measure motivational beliefs and self-regulation. A 4 × 2 × 2 MANOVA revealed “ethnicity” as having the largest effect on these variables. There was a statistically significant difference between the Nakuru group and the Siaya group in favor of Nakuru with regard to self-efficacy in Biology learning. They also scored higher in most of the variables. There were no statistically significant gender differences in motivational beliefs and self-regulation in Biology learning. However boys were more self-efficacious with low test anxiety than girls. Girls had higher intrinsic value, cognitive strategy and self-regulation than boys. There were statistically significant grade level differences in favor of grade 12 students. Grade 11 students had the lowest scores in all the variables under investigation. The implications for the study are discussed.
CLUSIM: A Synthetic Aperture Radar Clutter Simulator for Planetary Exploration

In this paper we present the CLUtter SIMulator (CLUSIM), a special program simulating radar side echoes from rough planetary surfaces using realistic topography data sets. A numerical model of realistic topography of the Martian surface, based on Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter data, is developed. A specially developed computer routine for evaluation of wideband radar echoes reflected from rough surfaces, capable of aperture synthesis simulation, is described. A synthetic radargram for a portion of Mars Express (MEX) orbit 9466 is computed and validated against experimental data obtained by the MARSIS radar instrument. Finally, a previously developed ionospheric phase correction procedure is numerically tested with new simulated echo signals. Impact of the surface clutter on the ionospheric correction procedure is investigated with a direct numerical comparison to a known benchmark result, which shows robustness of the correction algorithm with respect to the surface clutter.
Item analysis to identify quality multiple choice questions/items in an assessment in Pharmacology of II MBBS students in Guntur Medical College of Andhra Pradesh, India

Background: In medical education, multiple choice questions/Items are the more frequently used assessment tools to assess the knowledge abilities and skills of medical students, for being their objectivity, wide coverage in less time. However only the Quality Items gives a valid and reliable assessment. The quality of an Item is determined by difficulty index (DIF I), Discrimination Index (DI) and Distractor efficiency (DE). Aim of the study was to know the quality of Items in pharmacology by Item analysis and to develop a MCQs bank with quality Items.Methods: The present study was conducted on 150 II MBBS students of Guntur Medical College, AP, India. A class test containing 50 Items with 150 distractors from topic chemotherapy was conducted. Item with the correct choice/response was awarded with one mark and with the wrong choice zero marks, no negative marks. Each test Item was analysed with DIF I, DI and DE and the results were tabulated and tested statistically, with unpaired "t" test.Results: Mean DIF I, DI, DE values with standard deviations in the present study are 44.72+17.63%, 0.30+0.12%, 84.48+24.65 respectively. DIF I of 32 (64%) items was good to excellent range (31%-60%) 9 (18%) Items were easy (>61%) and 9(18%) Items were difficult (>30%). DI of 10 (20%) Items was good (0.15 to 0.24.) 29 (58%) Items were excellent with DI > 0.25 and 11 (22%) Items were poor with DI <0.15. Among 150 distractors, 127 (85%) were functional distractors (FDs) and 23 (15%) were non-functional distractors (NFDs). DE of 33 (66%) items with nil NFDs was 100%, for 12 (24%) Items with one NFD, was 66.6%, for 4 (8%) items with 2 NFDs was 33.3% and for 1 (2%) Item with 3NFDs DE was 0%. When unpaired "t" test was applied to the means of "difficult" and "easy" Items, 96.22+11.33% SD, 51.44+29.31% SD respectively, the p-value obtained was 0.00058, which was highly significant.Conclusions: The study showed that Item analysis is a valid tool to identify quality Items, which assess, the students’ knowledge abilities and discriminate different levels of performance abilities of students effectively.
Approach to thermalization in the classical φ 4 theory in 1 + 1 dimensions: Energy cascades and universal scaling

We study the dynamics of thermalization and the approach to equilibrium in the classical f 4 theory in 1 11 spacetime dimensions. At thermal equilibrium we exploit the equivalence between the classical canonical averages and transfer matrix quantum traces of the anharmonic oscillator to obtain exact results for the temperature dependence of several observables, which provide a set of criteria for thermalization. In this context, comparing to the exact results we find that the Hartree approximation is remarkably accurate in equilibrium. The nonequilibrium dynamics is studied by numerically solving the equations of motion in light-cone coordinates for a broad range of initial conditions and energy densities. The long time evolution is described by several distinct stages, all characterized by a cascade of energy towards the ultraviolet. After an initial transient stage, the spatiotemporal gradient terms become larger than the nonlinear term, and there emerges a stage of universal cascade. This cascade starts at a time scale t 0 independent of the initial conditions ~except for very low energy density! During this stage the power spectra feature universal scaling behavior and the front of the cascade k ¯ (t) moves to the ultraviolet as a power law k ¯ (t);t a with a&0.25 an exponent weakly dependent on the energy density alone. The wake behind the cascade is described as a state of Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium ~LTE! with all correlations being determined by the equilibrium functional form with an effective time dependent temperature Teff(t), which slowly decreases with time as ;t 2a . Two well separated time scales emerge: while Teff(t) varies slowly, the wave vectors in the wake with k,k ¯ (t) attain LTE on much shorter time scales. This universal scaling stage ends when the front of the ultraviolet cascade reaches the cutoff at a time scale t 1;a 21/a . Virialization starts to set much earlier than LTE. We find that strict thermalization is achieved only for an infinite time scale.
A near-ultraviolet view of the inner region of M 31 with the large binocular telescope

Aims. We present a 900 s, wide-field U image of the inner region of the Andromeda galaxy obtained during the commissioning of the blue channel of the Large Binocular Camera mounted on the prime focus of the Large Binocular Telescope. Methods. Relative photometry and absolute astrometry of individual sources in the image was obtained along with morphological parameters aimed at discriminating between stars and extended sources, e.g. globular clusters. Results. The image unveils the near-ultraviolet view of the inner ring of star formation recently discovered in the infrared by the Spitzer Space Telescope and shows in great detail the fine structure of the dust lanes associated with the galaxy inner spiral arms. The capabilities of the blue channel of the Large Binocular Camera at the Large Binocular Telescope (LBC-Blue) are probed by direct comparison with ultraviolet GALEX observations of the same region in M 31. We discovered 6 new candidate stellar clusters in this high-background region of M 31. We also recovered 62 bona-fide globulars and 62 previously known candidates from the Revised Bologna Catalogue of the M 31 globular clusters, and firmly established the extended nature of 19 of them.