Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insights Into Efficient k-Nearest Neighbor Classification With Convolutional Neural Codes

The increasing consideration of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) has not prevented the use of the k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) method. In fact, a hybrid CNN-kNN approach is an interesting option in which the network specializes in feature extraction through its activations (Neural Codes), while the kNN has the advantage of performing a retrieval by means of similarity. However, this hybrid approach also has the disadvantages of the kNN search, and especially its high computational cost which is, in principle, undesirable for large-scale data. In this paper, we present the first comprehensive study of efficient kNN search algorithms using this hybrid CNN-kNN approach. This has been done by considering up to 16 different algorithms, each of which is evaluated with a different parametrization, in 7 datasets of heterogeneous composition. Our results show that no single algorithm is capable of covering all aspects, but rather that each family of algorithms is better suited to specific aspects of the problem. This signifies that Fast Similarity Search algorithms maintain their performance, but do not reduce the cost as much as the Data Reduction family does. In turn, the Approximated Similarity Search family is postulated as a good option when attempting to balance accuracy and efficiency. The experiments also suggest that considering statistical transformation algorithms such as Linear Discriminant Analysis might be useful in certain cases.
Distribution Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Comprehensive Fault Factor

The fault diagnosis of distribution network is the necessary step to restore power supply. By utilizing fault recorded wave data of electrical information, this article proposes a definition of comprehensive differential current of power line and a fault diagnosis method based on comprehensive fault factor for distribution systems. The short-time Fourier transform is used to obtain the harmonic amplitude to further get the fault factor, which is divided into the lateral fault factor and the longitudinal fault factor, so that the fault line can be selected laterally and the fault segment be located longitudinally separately. The simulation results of the 15-node industrial distribution network show that the proposed method is effective and the fault can be accurately diagnosed under different fault locations and different grounding resistances, including single fault and multiple faults condition.
Detecting emotional reactions to videos of depression

We can physically sense depression in others, and this recognition can be detected by using neural networks to analyse our physiological responses to observing individuals with depression. The behaviour of 16 individuals suffering from various levels depression were shown in short videos to 12 experiment participants (observers) whose physiological signals we recorded. Consciously, depression is not normally interesting, so does not provoke strong conscious recognition, and hence barely over chance, at 27%. However, at emotional levels, depression is interesting, so provokes physiological reactions we can measure, leading to neural network classification of 92%.
Sensorized Psychomotor Skill Assessment Platform Built on a Robotic Surgery Phantom

The spread of robot-assisted minimal invasive surgery presents new challenges to surgeons and researchers alike. The novel surgical tools, methods and processes require different skills from the clinicians, thus surgical training and skillassessment has become increasingly important. In this article, we describe the modification process of a widely used training device, the Fundamentals of Robotic Surgery (FRS) Dome, that was made capable of automatic skill-assessment too, by applying different sensors on it. The basic principles and methods of the sensorization process are shown, together with the first results obtained on the amended training platform.
Micropropagação de espécies florestais brasileiras

Micro-propagation has potential to apply to multiply genotypes of Brazilian forest species. The studies on in vitro culture of these species are related to their recalcitrance to other propagation techniques as well as in vitro conservation of plant germplasm. Micro-propagation by axillaries buds proliferation corresponds to the main system used for in vitro propagation, due to its simplicity compared to organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. Nevertheless, the native forest species are poorly studied and consequently the advances in in vitro propagation protocols are still not expressive. Thus, it is necessary to develop new works to promote advances in in vitro culture of native species, and the use of new culture media compositions. It is also important to test the interaction of growth regulators or even bioreactor systems, aiming at to consolidate the micro-propagation technique as applicable strategy in Brazilian silviculture.
Research on Marine Buoy Surface Reconstruction Algorithm Based on Point Cloud Data

As traffic lights are used to guide drivers on road, similarly buoys and beacons are indispensable for guiding mariners at sea. So the detection and identification of buoys are important for autonomous ship safety navigation. The buoy surface reconstruction is one key step which affects the process of detection and identification of buoys. Based on the open source PCL (Point Cloud Library) and VS2013 development platform, this paper designs and implements the marine buoy surface reconstruction algorithm which integrates ship wake segmentation, point cloud data densification algorithm and point cloud data triangulation. The results of the final real ship experiment indicate that the algorithm is correct and reliable, and can basically restore the shape of the specific buoy in sea environment.
Substituição do milho pela farinha de varredura de mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) em rações de ovinos: consumo, digestibilidade, balanços de nitrogênio e energia e parâmetros ruminais

This work was carried-out to study the effect of substitution levels of corn (COR) by cassava by-product flour (CPF) (25, 50, 75 and 100%) in the ration for sheep on voluntary intake, nutrients apparent digestibility and nitrogen (NB) and energy (EB) balance, pH and ammonia concentration (N-NH3) in ruminal liquid. Four male, castrated sheep, without defined race, with medium weight of 41.4 AW, in trial of digestibility were used, using the method of total collect feces and urine. The animals were kept in cages of metabolism in 4x4 latin square design. The ruminal liquid was obtained by means of probe esofagic in the times 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours (after feeding). There was no effect of substitution levels on intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), energy and nitrogen (N) and for apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF, starch and gross energy (GE) and for NB and TDN levels. The intake of starch and GE presented quadratic increase until the level of 75% CPM in the ration. The concentration of the ammonia nitrogen and the pH of ruminal liquid did not differ in function of the substitution levels of the COR to CPM. It was concluded that CPM can totally substitute COR in the sheep ration.
Evidence that eye-facing photophores serve as a reference for counterillumination in an order of deep-sea fishes

Counterillumination, the masking of an animal's silhouette with ventral photophores, is found in a number of mesopelagic taxa but is difficult to employ because it requires that the animal match the intensity of downwelling light without seeing its own ventral photophores. It has been proposed that the myctophid, Tarletonbeania crenularis, uses a photophore directed towards the eye, termed an eye-facing photophore, as a reference standard that it adjusts to match downwelling light. The potential use of this mechanism, however, has not been evaluated in other fishes. Here, we use micro-computed tomography, photography and dissection to evaluate the presence/absence of eye-facing photophores in three families of stomiiform fishes. We found that all sampled species with ventral photophores capable of counterillumination possess an eye-facing photophore that is pigmented on the anterior and lateral sides, thus preventing its use as a laterally directed signal, lure or searchlight. The two species that are incapable of counterillumination, Cyclothone obscura and Sigmops bathyphilus, lack an eye-facing photophore. After determining the phylogenetic distribution of eye-facing photophores, we used histology to examine the morphology of the cranial tissue in Argyropelecus aculeatus and determined that light from the eye-facing photophore passes through a transparent layer of tissue, then the lens, and finally strikes the accessory retina. Additionally, eight of the 14 species for which fresh specimens were available had an aphakic gap that aligned with the path of emitted light from the eye-facing photophore, while the remaining six had no aphakic gap. These findings, combined with records of eye-facing photophores from distantly related taxa, strongly suggest that eye-facing photophores serve as a reference for counterillumination in these fishes.
Determine the optimal switching angles symmetrical cascaded multilevel inverter using Improved particle swarm optimization algorithm

With the increasing use of inverters in the industry, the need to reduce the output harmonics is felt more than ever. Interstellar multi-level structures have grown exponentially due to benefits such as harmonic reduction and loss reduction. In multilevel inverters, nonlinear and complex equations become more complex when the number of surfaces increases. One of the ways to find optimal keying angles is to reduce the harmonics of the whole Newton-Raphson method. One of the main disadvantages of the Newton-Raphson method is the strong dependence of the answers to the initial guesses. By choosing different initial guesses, different answers may be obtained or results will not converge. And their solution is not possible by conventional methods of numerical solution of nonlinear equations such as the Newton-Ruffson method. In this thesis, one of a variety of Intelligent Algorithms is used to solve the Newton-Raphson method problem. The particle swarm algorithm has been selected based on the proper background in solving problems of high complexity to solve the problem of optimal keying angles in this dissertation. In this thesis, the particle swarm algorithm has been improved. Simulation results for various multilevel converters have been presented and represent the high efficiency of the improved type of particle swarm algorithm in determining the appropriate angle of fire for reducing the high harmonics and generating a waveform with very low harmonic distortion and near sinusoidal.
Developmental origins of cognitive offloading

Many animals manipulate their environments in ways that appear to augment cognitive processing. Adult humans show remarkable flexibility in this domain, typically relying on internal cognitive processing when adequate but turning to external support in situations of high internal demand. We use calendars, calculators, navigational aids and other external means to compensate for our natural cognitive shortcomings and achieve otherwise unattainable feats of intelligence. As yet, however, the developmental origins of this fundamental capacity for cognitive offloading remain largely unknown. In two studies, children aged 4–11 years (n = 258) were given an opportunity to manually rotate a turntable to eliminate the internal demands of mental rotation––to solve the problem in the world rather than in their heads. In study 1, even the youngest children showed a linear relationship between mental rotation demand and likelihood of using the external strategy, paralleling the classic relationship between angle of mental rotation and reaction time. In study 2, children were introduced to a version of the task where manually rotating inverted stimuli was sometimes beneficial to performance and other times redundant. With increasing age, children were significantly more likely to manually rotate the turntable only when it would benefit them. These results show how humans gradually calibrate their cognitive offloading strategies throughout childhood and thereby uncover the developmental origins of this central facet of intelligence.
Use of photosynthetic pigments in sediments as a tracer for sources and fates of macrophyte organic matter

Seaweed beds often cover slgnlflcant parts of intertidal and shallow subtidal soft bottoms Fleld and laboratory experiments have previously demonstrated that seaweed detritus can cause ropid populatlon and somatic growth of deposit-feedlnq invertebrates We assayed the photosvnthetlc plgments in sedlments of False Bay, Washington, US4 to identlfy means of detecting lateral transport of partlculate organlc matter (POM) from beds of green algae (Ulva and Enteroniorpha) Using a transect from open waters towards the head of the bay \\re tested the follo\uing hypotheses (1) net transport moves POhI throughout the whole bay towards sand flats In the ~ n n e r palt of the bay (2) secttveed beds have onIy local spatial effects on the input of POM Only the second hypothesis proved consistent wlth the data Calculat~ons based on recovery of the plgment lutein lndlcate that the depos~tion of sea\*. ecd detritus is sufficient to stimulate deposit-feeder populatlon growth In all sediments both pr~llclpdl components dnalysis and srnlple correlation analys~s conslstenlly ~dentified 2 negatively corielated sets of photosynthetic plgments, which could be associated 1 ~ 1 t h diatoms and macrophytes respectively The multlvariate inverse relat~onship furthel stlengthens a con~b lna t~on of luteln and chlorophyll b as a marker for the source of macrophyte organic matter
Serological, pathological, and genetic diversity among strains of Xanthomonas campestris infecting crucifers

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) and/or X. campestris pv. armoraciae (Xca) were evaluated to determine their reliability for pathogen identification. Reactivity patterns of 1,023 bacterial isolates from crucifer leaves, seeds, weeds, and alternate crops were compared with original host symptoms; and reactivity patterns of 498 of these isolates were compared with pathogenicity tests. Six MAbs were selected that distinguished strains of Xcc and Xca from nearly all other bacteria tested. However, Xcc and Xca strains were not serologically distinguished as groups from each other, despite numerous attempts to do so. Ninety-nine percent of the Xcc and Xca strains tested reacted with one or more of the Xcc/Xca-specific MAbs. Three MAbs separated all the Xcc (and some Xca) strains into three serological groups. A subset of 12 Xcc and seven Xca strains representing the serological and pathological diversity found in these two pathovars was further evaluated by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Strains of both pathovars were heterogeneous by RFLP, and the RFLP patterns of the seven Xca strains overlapped with patterns of the Xcc strains. However, the 12 Xcc strains formed three identifiable groups (C1, C2, and C3), which corresponded to the three serological groups (S1, S2, and S3). The type strain of the species X. campestris (Xcc528 T ) and all members of group S3/C3 caused a distinctive blight symptom that later developed into black rot. Strains in the other two Xcc groups caused typical black rot symptoms but not blight. The panel of antibodies can be used for rapid identification of Xcc and Xca pathogens in Field and seed assays
Zur Kenntnis der Ninhydrin‐Reaktion, 3. Mitt. Reaktion mit Dimethoxyanilinen und reaktiven Aromaten

Die Umsetzungen von Ninhydrin mit Dimethoxyanilinen und mit reaktiven Aromaten werden durchgeführt um zu sehen, ob die mit 2‐Anisidin beobachteten Reaktionen auf andere Verbindungen übertragbar sind. Es werden jedoch stets nur Monosubstitutionsprodukte der eingesetzten Aromaten gefunden. Die in der Literatur angegebene Formel für das Reaktionsprodukt aus Ninhydrin und 2‐Aminophenol wird korrigiert.
DEEP-AD: A Multimodal Temporal Video Segmentation Framework for Online Video Advertising

In this paper, we introduce the DEEP-AD framework, a multimodal advertisement insertion system dedicated to online video platforms. The framework is designed from the viewer’s perspective, in terms of commercial contextual relevance and degree of intrusiveness. The main contribution of the paper concerns a novel multimodal temporal video segmentation algorithm into scenes/stories, which makes it possible to determine automatically the temporal instants that are the most appropriate for inserting advertisement clips. The proposed algorithm exploits various deep convolutional neural networks, involved at several stages. The video stream is first divided into shots based on a graph partition method. The video shots are then clustered into scenes/story units with the help of an agglomerative clustering methodology taking as input visual, audio and semantic features. Furthermore, in order to facilitate the user’s access to multimedia documents a novel thumbnail extraction method is proposed based on both semantic representativeness and visual quality information. Finally, the optimal advertisement insertion points are determined based on the ads temporal distribution, commercial diversity and degree of intrusiveness. The experimental results, carried out on a large dataset of more than 30 videos, taken from the French National Television and US TV series validate the proposed methodology with average accuracy and recognition rates superior to 88%. Moreover, when compared with other state of the art methods, the proposed temporal video segmentation yields gains of more than 6% in precision and recall rates.
Octopamine increases individual and collective foraging in a neotropical stingless bee

The biogenic amine octopamine (OA) is a key modulator of individual and social behaviours in honeybees, but its role in the other group of highly eusocial bees, the stingless bees, remains largely unknown. In honeybees, OA mediates reward perception and affects a wide range of reward-seeking behaviours. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that OA increases individual foraging effort and collective food source exploitation in the neotropical stingless bee Plebeia droryana. OA treatment caused a significant increase in the number of bees at artificial sucrose feeders and a 1.73-times higher individual foraging frequency. This effect can be explained by OA lowering the sucrose response threshold and, thus, increasing the perceived value of the food source. Our results demonstrate that, similar to its effects on honeybees, OA increases both individual and collective food source exploitation in P. droryana. This suggests that, despite having evolved many complex behaviours independently, OA might have similar regulatory effects on foraging behaviours in the two groups of highly eusocial bees.
Integrated Variability Measurements of 28 nm FDSOI MOSFETs down to 4.2 K for Cryogenic CMOS Applications

Mismatch performance of 28 nm FDSOI technology is electrically characterized at low temperatures using integrated on-chip addressing for a matrix of transistors. The first statistical results ever published on FDSOI variability at 4.2 K provide valuable information for future compact transistor modeling in cryogenic circuit design. Slight increase of the threshold voltage mismatch is observed at low temperature. Nevertheless, the suppression of fluctuations in the random distribution of dopants for the fully-depleted transistor channel leads to a smaller threshold voltage variability for FDSOI at 4.2 K compared to advanced Bulk technology at room temperature.
Parasitic Resistance Effect Analysis in RRAM-based TCAM for Memory Augmented Neural Networks

Memory augmented neural networks (MANNs) enable trained neural networks to rapidly learn new classes from few examples. However, content-based addressing is inefficient in conventional computer system due to the von Neumann bottleneck. Ternary content-addressable memories (TCAMs) based on resistive random access memory (RRAM) provide a promising approach to accelerate the addressing according to the Hamming distances (HDs) between the search vector and stored vectors. Generally, the HD is sensed from the discharge rate of a match line, exhibiting a linear dependence on the number of mismatched bits. However, parasitic resistance effect causes that the location of mismatched bits also determines the HD. This work proposes a compact model to evaluate the discharge rate of a match line. The impact of parasitic resistance effect in RRAM- based TCAMs is analyzed. Parasitic resistance effect is also incorporated into MANNs during few-shot learning. Remarkable accuracy losses are observed as parasitic line resistance and columns of TCAM increase. Our analyses provide valuable design guidelines of RRAM-based TCAM for future MANN systems.
Contributions of modern network science to the cognitive sciences: revisiting research spirals of representation and process

Modelling the structure of cognitive systems is a central goal of the cognitive sciences—a goal that has greatly benefitted from the application of network science approaches. This paper provides an overview of how network science has been applied to the cognitive sciences, with a specific focus on the two research ‘spirals’ of cognitive sciences related to the representation and processes of the human mind. For each spiral, we first review classic papers in the psychological sciences that have drawn on graph-theoretic ideas or frameworks before the advent of modern network science approaches. We then discuss how current research in these areas has been shaped by modern network science, which provides the mathematical framework and methodological tools for psychologists to (i) represent cognitive network structure and (ii) investigate and model the psychological processes that occur in these cognitive networks. Finally, we briefly comment on the future of, and the challenges facing, cognitive network science.
Reliability and validity of Smartphones to Record and Study the Assessment of Gait Characteristics

Studying the assessment of spatiotemporal parameters is an important clinical indicator of the procedure of assessment tools requires a laboratory environment and a highly qualified expert. This process of assessment takes a long time, is error-prone, very expensive and time-consuming. In this study, an efficient method to assess the spatiotemporal gait parameters using smartphone data based on an accelerometer and F-scan is presented. In our method, the gait data sets are firstly collected from both the triaxial accelerometer embedded in the Samsung S9 and the Insole shoes for both feet and lower limbs. Ten healthy adults walked three times with two smartphones and two insole shoes attached. Then, during each trial, the participants walked along a 10-m walkway in a laboratory setting and were then recorded after wearing appropriate sized shoes with the sensors inserted inside them and two smartphones attached. Three parameters of gait: step time, stride time and cadence were calculated. The performance of the proposed method using insole shoes and smartphones was evaluated based on reliability and validity. Based on the obtained results by the developed method with three parameters, it was noticed that the insole shoes and the smartphone recorded consistent results. The developed method achieved an average standard deviation and interclass correlation coefficient rate of 0.03-2.4 and 0.41-0.98, respectively. The results highlighted specific opportunities for the smartphone as a commercial device to serve gait analysis methods. In addition, the results demonstrated that the smartphone can be an effective and efficient tool to assess gait