Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new algorithm for semantics-based program integration

Programmers frequently face the problem of integrating several variants of a base program. Semantics-based program integration is a technique that attempts to create an integrated program that incorporates the changed computations of the variants as well as the computations of the base program that are preserved in all variants. Horwitz, Prins, and Reps were the first to address the problem of semantics-based program integration. They presented an integration algorithm that creates the integrated program by merging certain program slices of the variants. Our study provides semantic foundations for their approach: we show that the integrated program produced by their algorithm includes all required computations. We also develop a new program-integration algorithm with the same semantic properties. In addition, the new integration algorithm has two significant characteristics: (1) it is extendible in that it can incorporate any techniques for detecting program components with equivalent behaviors and (2) it can accommodate semantics-preserving transformations. The new integration algorithm improves on the integration algorithm of Horwitz, Prins, and Reps in that there are classes of program modifications for which their algorithm reports interference while the new integration algorithm produces satisfactory integrated programs. One fundamental problem integration is to detect program components with equivalent behaviors. For this purpose, we devised the Sequence-Congruence Algorithm, which divides program components into equivalence classes by a partitioning scheme. We show that components in the same equivalence classes have equivalent behaviors. The new integration algorithm is actually a family of algorithms, parameterized by the techniques used to detect equivalent components. Any equivalence-detection techniques can be used. Many techniques, such as constant propagation and invariant code movement, can be combined with the Sequence-Congruence Algorithm to detect larger classes of equivalent components. The new integration algorithm is capable of accommodating semantics-preserving transformations. It allows different states of computations to be modified independently in different variants as long as the same values are computed in each stage. Due to the use of a technique called limited slicing, these semantics-preserving transformations can be accommodated by the new integration algorithm.
Maximum-mean-square soft-output (M2S2O): a method for carrier synchronisation of short burst turbo coded signals

The use of short bursts transmissions in modern communication systems is increasing as the use of packet data communication replaces traditional, continuous bit stream data communication. Turbo codes, which revolutionised communication coding, enable the operation of receivers in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions, thus increasing the range of operation of the communication system. However, carrier frequency and phase synchronisation, needed for optimal coherent performance of the receiver, still remains an open problem at low SNR conditions for short bursts. A new efficient carrier synchronisation method for turbo coded short packet communication operating at low SNR values is presented. This method is based on maximising a newly invented objective function, the MSSO(Δf, φ) function, which uses the turbo decoder's soft decision outputs to iteratively improve the carrier synchronisation. This method is suitable for non-data-aided acquisition and tracking of the carrier frequency and phase offsets. It is shown, via simulations, that this algorithm achieves the lower bound on bit-error-rate performance of the turbo decoder at very low SNR values.
Extending PlusCal: A Language for Describing Concurrent and Distributed Algorithms

The design of correct concurrent and distributed algorithms is notoriously difficult, and they are prone to errors such as deadlocks and race conditions. Model checking is one of the most successful formal techniques that are used to verify these algorithms. For example, TLC accepts models written in TLA+, a specification language based on mathematical set theory and the Temporal Logic of Actions. Such languages have a very different flavor from the (pseudo-)programming languages that algorithm designers typically use to express algorithms. PLUSCAL introduced by Leslie Lamport, is a high-level language for describing concurrent and distributed algorithms, from which TLA+ models are generated and then analyzed using TLC. Unfortunately, PLUSCAL suffers from a number of limitations that restricts its usefulness as an abstraction layer for the underlying TLA+ formalism.
Measures and Determinants of Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) in Hemodialysis Patients - A Review

Measuring health related quality of life in chronic disease patients is a valuable research tool in assessing the outcome of therapeutic intervention in chronic diseases.End stage renal disease is one such chronic disease causing a high level of disability in different domains of the patients' life leading to impaired quality of life. Several sociodemographic and treatment related factors known to influence health related quality of life. In this study we have systematically reviewed thehealth related quality studies of end stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis patients to identify the different measures and determinants of health related quality of life. Studies assessing health related quality of life of hemodialysis patients have identified different factors influencing health related quality of life like sociodemographic factors (i.e., age, gender, education, employment, family income, ethnicity, race) and disease and treatment related factors (i.e., co-morbidities, duration of dialysis, type of dialysis, hemoglobin, serum albumin level and erythropoietin treatment. Factors influencing health related quality of life known to vary among studies. This difference could be due to the difference in the study design, duration of follow- up, type of instrument used to measure health related quality of life, sample size and may be due to lack of homogeneity of the group of patients compared.
Role of Nag-1 and p75NTR in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug inhibition of prostate cancer cell migration

p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75 ), a tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily member, is a pro-apoptotic protein that functions as a tumor suppressor and metastasis suppressor in the human prostate. Expression of the p75 NTR protein in the prostate decreases as prostate cancer progresses. Exogenous expression of p75 NTR in established prostate cancer cell lines results in increased apoptosis, decreased growth, and decreas ed metastatic ability. This points to a therapeutic potential for drugs that are able to induce reexpression of p75 . Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), particularly t he aryl propionic class, induce p75 NTR through activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pa thway, with a concomitant decrease in cell survival. These same drugs also induc e expression of the NSAID activated gene-1 (Nag-1) protein, a divergent member of the transfor ming growth factor beta (TGF-β) family, which has been reported to act in a pro-apoptotic and anti -survival capacity in prostate cancer cells. This study explored the possibility of a shared mechanism of inducti on of p75 and Nag-1 by the NSAIDs ibuprofen and R-flurbiprofen in the PC-3 prostate cancer cell li ne. The functional role of Nag-1 induction in prostate cancer cells was also investiga ted. It was observed that Nag-1
Visualizing multidimensional data similarities : Improvements and applications

Multidimensional data is increasingly more prominent and important in many application domains. Such data typically consist of a large set of elements, each of which described by several measurements (dimensions). During the design of techniques and tools to process this data, a key component is to gather insights into their structure and patterns, which can be described by the notion of similarity between elements. Among these techniques, multidimensional projections and similarity trees can effectively capture similarity patterns and handle a large number of data elements and dimensions. However, understanding and interpreting these patterns in terms of the original data dimensions is still hard. This thesis addresses the development of visual explanatory techniques for the easy interpretation of similarity patterns present in multidimensional projections and similarity trees, by several contributions. First, we propose methods that make the computation of similarity trees efficient for large datasets, and also enhance its visual representation to allow the exploration of more data in a limited screen. Secondly, we propose methods for the visual explanation of multidimensional projections in terms of groups of similar elements. These are automatically annotated to describe which dimensions are more important to define their notion of group similarity. We show next how these explanatory mechanisms can be adapted to handle both static and time-dependent data. Our proposed techniques are designed to be easy to use, work nearly automatically, and are demonstrated on a variety of real-world large data obtained from image collections, text archives, scientific measurements, and software engineering.
Rhombencephalosynapsis: Fused cerebellum, confused geneticists

Rhombencephalosynapsis (RES) is a unique cerebellar malformation characterized by fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres with partial or complete absence of a recognizable cerebellar vermis. Subsets of patients also have other brain malformations such as midbrain fusion with aqueductal stenosis, characteristic craniofacial features (prominent forehead, flat midface, hypertelorism, ear abnormalities), and somatic malformations (heart, kidney, spine, and limb defects). Similar to known genetic brain malformations, the RES cerebellar malformation is highly stereotyped, yet no genetic causes have been identified. Here, we outline our current understanding of the genetic basis for RES, discuss limitations, and outline future approaches to identifying the causes of this fascinating brain malformation.
Evaluationof a Direct Solid-PhaseRadioimmunoassayfor Progesterone, Usefulfor MonitoringLuteal Function

ovulatory menstrual cycles and decreased (<1.5 g/L) in two nonovulatory cycles. We found this direct assay for progesterone to be analytically and clinically sound, and useful for assessingluteal-phase function. AddItional Keyphrases: steroids “kit”methods documenting ovulation
Organizational intelligence in the digital age: Analytics and the cycle of choice

In this chapter we investigate the taken for granted assumption that the use of analytics makes organizations more intelligent. We discuss how analytics influences learning from experience, one of the processes of organizational intelligence that informs rational choice. In particular, we revisit the cycle of choice, a fundamental framework in the field of organization theory, according to which organizations learn by making choices following a closed cycle of connections between the beliefs held by individuals, the individual behavior, the organizational choices, and the responses from the environment. We examine each case of possible breakdown in the cycle of choice and analyze whether the use of analytics could help avoid the breakdown. We conclude that while analytics may support learning from experience and avoid certain types of breakdowns, relying too much on analytics can also trigger new breakdowns in the cycle. We close the chapter with a reminder that while organizations indeed need to use tools that make them smarter, they also need technologies of foolishness.
Effect of Lung Manual Hyperinflation (MHI) on Oxygenation of Patients Following Abdominal Surgery and T-Tube Support

Background: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) are of the major reasons for death. Prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) and delayed extubation are leading to the incidence of more seriously complications. The effect of hyperinflation has not been investigated in control of these complications in patients who have been weaned from mechanical ventilation and are undergoing T-tube support. Aim: Investigation of MHI effect on oxygenation of patients following abdominal surgery and T-tube support. Method: This clinical trial was performed on 40 patients undergoing abdominal surgery and T-tube support hospitalized in intensive care units of hospitals in Mashhad, Iran, in 2015-2016. The participants were divided randomly into two experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, MHI technique was performed using Mapleson circuit for three twenty-minute periods. The control group received routine hospital care. The two groups were compared for PaO2, PaCO2 and SpO2 before intervention, 5 and 20 minutes after intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The mean age was 66.7±8.3 and 67.5±9.0 years in experimental and control groups, respectively. In intergroup comparison using independent t-test, the mean PaCO2, PaO2 and SpO2 had no significant differences in the experimental group before the intervention. However, the means SpO2 and PaO2 at 5 and 20 minutes after intervention were significantly higher in the experimental group (p<0.001) than the control group. The mean PaCO2 at 5 and 20 minutes after intervention decreased significantly in the experimental group (p=0.03). Implications for Practice: The results showed that the MHI technique by increasing oxygenation and ventilation could improve lung function in the participants, resulting in shortening the duration of mechanical ventilation, accelerating the process of extubation, and thus faster patient recovery.
Going Back and Forth: Efficient Virtual Machine Image Deployment and Snapshotting on IaaS Clouds

Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) cloud computing has revolutionized the way we think of acquiring resources by introducing a simple change: allowing users to lease computational resources from the cloud provider's datacenter for a short time by deploying virtual machines (VMs) on those resources. This new model raises new challenges in the design and development of IaaS middleware. On of those challenges if the need to deploy a large number (hundreds or even thousands) of VM instances simultaneously. Once the VM instances are deployed, another challenge is to simultaneously take a snapshot of many images and transfer them to persistent storage to support management tasks, such as suspend-resume and migration. This paper addresses both challenges by proposing a series of optimization techniques minimizing resource consumption (execution time, network traffic and storage space) which translate into lower end-user costs. While conventional approaches transfer the whole VM image contents between the persistent storage service and the computing nodes, we propose a lazy transfer scheme based on object-versioning that transfers only the needed content on-demand: this greatly reduces total time for execution time, network traffic and storage space. We demonstrate these benefits through experiments operating on hundreds of nodes which show improvements in time to process application execution by a factor of up to 25, while at the same time reducing storage and bandwidth usage by as much as 90% when compared with conventional approaches.
K-Means and ISODATA Clustering Algorithms for Landcover Classification Using Remote Sensing

The aim of thisexploration work is to analyze the presentation ofunsupervised classification algorithms ISODATA(Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis Technique Algorithm)andK-Means in remote sensing, to evaluate statistically by iterative techniques to automatically group pixels of similar spectral features into unique clusters. This investigation used SUPARCO(Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (Pakistan)) obtained remotely sensed patch of Abbottabad Pakistan. The test patch of Abbottabad is divided into Five bands i.e. NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), green, near infrared, far infrared, and green. The ROIs (regions of interest) selected for classification of Land Cover data comprises five different types of classes i.e. water bodies, agriculture, settled area, forest and barren land. In this research of remote sensing the first step was to preprocess Abbottabad test patch by filtering, to improve performance of classification andneighboring pixels homogeneity. The next step was to assess the accuracy of Two pixel based unsupervised classifiers i.e. ISODATA and k-means on the said test patch. Finally, the mentioned classifiers performance is evaluated by varying their different parameters to categorize the effect of the clustering algorithms and their class statisticson whole classification outcomes.
Draft Genome Sequence of Clostridium beijerinckii Ne1, Clostridia from an Enrichment Culture Obtained from Australian Subterranean Termite, Nasutitermes exitiosus

ABSTRACT The draft genome of Clostridium beijerinckii strain Ne1 was reconstructed from the metagenomic sequence of a mixed-microbial consortium that produced commercially significant quantities of hydrogen from xylan as a sole feedstock. The organism possesses relatively limited hemicellulolytic capacity and likely requires the action of other organisms to completely degrade xylan.
Impact crateer detection on optical images and DEMs

Introduction: Impact craters are crucial landmarks for geodetic control as well as being interesting geological research targets themselves . Several methods have been developed to automatically detect impact craters but none are as yet practical or have been sufficiently tested[1][2][3]. We have developed an automatic impact crater detection algorithm for optical images [4]. It is based on a focusing strategy using texture analysis and ellipse fitting [5] on local edges. Currently, the technique works well for craters of medium size but fails for very large impact craters. There is also some confusion between local edges derived from the images and the crater rim due to of solar illumination condition. Therefore, the detection process for real applications has been developed using fusion techniques exploiting both DEMs and optical images. This new algorithm introduces crossover checking on multi-images and a verification stage using templates so that a correct crater numbering is possible according to their size. Examples are shown of its assessment. Overall algorithm: Inputs currently consist of MOC ISIS level 2 images and MOLA based DEMs. Individual detection is performed using each input separately and merged by a registration process so that impact crater counting and 3D reconstruction is possible. The most important factor in optical image based processing is the illumination. Sometimes, the boundary edge line of an impact crater is very ambiguous with low sun elevation angle. There is no good solution for such intrinsic problems. Consequently, a crossover checking process in a set of multiple images is necessary. The overall structure of the algorithm is shown in Fig 1).
Understanding Latino Parental Involvement in a Racially Changing School

UNDERSTANDING LATINO PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT IN A RACIALLY CHANGING SCHOOL Lukisha Barrera Gibbs, Ph.D. George Mason University, 2009 Dissertation Director: Dr. David Brazer Studies of parental involvement have generally not reported perceptions of Latino parents. This case study will examine the views and experiences of eight Latino families from Central and South America whose students attend Dason Elementary (pseudonym) in the Pell Public Schools (PPS) (pseudonym) in Northern Virginia. The purpose of the study is to explore the reasons why Latino parents may or may not be involved in one racially changing elementary school in PPS. The concepts of social capital, cultural capital, borders, and boundaries help explain what shapes parents’ ideas, perceptions, and actions about parental involvement. These concepts present different expectations coming from school systems and Latino parents. They also explain the complex barriers that take different forms influencing what Latino parents do as it relates to their involvement in their students’ schools. This qualitative method allowed for interviewing and observing eight families. The data revealed what influences their involvement in the public schools their children attend. Their responses are exemplars to investigate what Latino parents experience and how those experiences form their perceptions of parental involvement. The findings have implications for school officials, policy makers, and recommendations for further research. They suggest that parents’ attitudes and perceptions are influenced by events in their lives and by decisions made by the school system.
Study of BECKMAN COULTER LH 750 CPD parameters in subclinical Vitamin B12 deficiency

Introduction: Vit B12 deficiency causes macrocytic anemia and the early features of vitamin B12 deficiency in a peripheral blood smear is the presence of macrocytic RBCs and hyper segmented neutrophils and a raised MCV >99 fl. Subclinical deficiency is more prevalent in the population and timely diagnosis of vit B12 deficiency in such patients is of paramount importance so that timely treatment is initiated before overt clinical symptoms become evident and irreversible. The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether the Beckman coulter VCS parameters MoV –DW (monocyte anisocytosis) and NeV-DW (neutrophil anisocytosis) can predict Vitamin B12 deficiency in subclinical cases. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 patients both male and female were included in the study. They were divided in to <20, 21-40, 41-60, 61-80 and more than 80 years age group. WHO criteria for anemia (Hb <12g/dl in women and Hb<13g/dl in men) was followed. The efficacy of hematological parameters and research data (Mean volume of neutrophils and monocytes) and their distribution width were used to detected presence of vit B12 deficiency. Results: A total of 200 patient’s data was used for this purpose. Out of 200 patients 87 (43.5%) were females and 113 (56%) were males. Male to female ratio was 1.29:1. Normal MoV-DW (8.71)NeV DW (6.89)LyV DW (5.86) was taken as cut off. It was observed that 50 (25%) patients had normal or near normal Hb concentration but had severe Vit B12 deficiency below 200 pg/ml. Out of these, 43 patients (86%) had MoV-DW > cut off and 40 patients had NeV-DW > cut off, 28(56%) patients had LyV-DW > cut off. Conclusion: No single ideal marker exists for vitB12 deficiency especially in subclinical conditions. However we can say that monocyte & neutrophil anisocytosis (MoV-DW and NeV-DW) are associated with vit B12 deficiency and can be used to predict vit B12 deficiency in subclinical cases. Making use of research VCS parameters from Beckman Coulter LH750 along with complete blood count at a reasonable cost, subclinical vitB12 deficiency can be determined.
The Waltham book of companion animal nutrition

'The Waltham Book of Dog and Cat Nutrition' appeared in 1982 and a second edition was published six years later. 'The Waltham Book of Companion Animal Nutrition' now embraces birds, ornamental fish and horses, in addition to completely rewritten and updated chapters on dog and cat nutrition. This book presents the greatly increased body of knowledge in the area in an accessible, readable way. Now that the science of nutrition has moved much more into the professional and general consciousness, it is of the utmost importance that a standard work is available which crystallises all the key points on the subject. 'The Waltham Book of Companion Animal Nutrition' does this to the highest standard. For veterinarians, student veterinarians, veterinary nurses and technicians, breeders and owners. CONTENTS Foods Fit for Companion Animals A Basic Guide to Nutrient Requirements Digestion and Absorption A Balanced Diet for Dogs and Cats Feeding Dogs and Cats for Life Nutrition of Pet Birds Nutrition of Ornamental Fish Nutrition of Horses Appendices