Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimising train movements through coast control using genetic algorithms

A genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to optimise train movements using appropriate coast control that can be integrated within automatic train operation (ATO) systems. The coast control output for a train changes with the interstation distances and gradient profiles, and the current operating conditions of the mass rapid transit (MRT) system, namely: (i) train schedules; (ii) expected passenger loads; and (iii) expected track voltages. The algorithm generates an optimum coast control based on evaluation of the punctuality, riding comfort and energy consumption. Before the train sets off to the designated station, a coast control table is generated that will be referenced by the train at runtime for deciding when to initiate coasting or resume motoring control. Each coast control table is encoded into variable length chromosomes with each gene representing the relative position between stations where coasting should be initiated or terminated. Each generation is evolved from mating of the paired equal-length chromosomes with possibilities of crossover, mutations, gene duplications and gene deletions. The key feature of this method is that it has a solid mathematical foundation. Effectively, the implementation provides good, credible and reasonably fast solutions for this variable dimensional and multiobjective optimisation problem. The algorithm has the potential for online implementation for producing a coast control lookup table for each interstation run before the train sets off. The results, although preliminary, suggest that the method is promising.
The Zimbabwe Bush Pump

WHILE IT IS almost unknown intcrnat.ionally, Zimbabwe's Bush Purnp can boast of ovcr half a ccnlury of successlul opcration in conditions that woulcl have Placed manY othcr modcls r:n the scrap heap. Whcn first secn mosl Bush PumPs give the imprcssion of being a crudc asscmbly of mctal parts _idcally suited for a muscum of past rclics. The facts show horvevcr that tltis rcmarkable pump is a masterpicce of endurance, and can ably pcrlorm when is parts arc badly worn out or even missing altogcthcr. The Bush Purnp is whollY Zirnbabwcan. It was first dcsigncd, in 1933, by Tornmy MurgatroYd, a governmcnt Water Supply Ofiiccr opcrating in the Plumtrce District of N{atabeleland, in wcstern Zimbabwe. Its succcss can be judgcd by the fact that no othcr pump, savc thc buckct and windlass, is more comtnon in thc rural areas of Zimbabwe. It has rcmained the pump of choice for all hcavy duty and all decp wcl1 and borchole settings throughout rhc counuy cver sincc.
Sub-optimal CO2 Enrichment of Greenhouses

Abstract Greenhouse CO2 enrichment in warm climates is restricted by the need to ventilate, leading some growers to intermittent enrichment, where enrichment and ventilation alternate several times an hour. This strategy relies on the heat and CO2 capacity of the system, characterized by a heating time constant of the order of 10 min, during which period ventilation may be suspended. It is shown that, for slowly changing weather, the optimal CO2 enrichment is basically not intermittent (bang-bang control), but rather quasi steady state (smoothly varying singular control). As the disturbance (weather) frequency increases, the quasi steady-state (QSS) solution becomes less and less optimal. Nevertheless, due to the difficulties involved in implementing a truly optimal control (the need for accurate weather forecast and high control fluxes), the sub-optimal QSS control may be a better choice. We chose to try a controller which aims to follow the QSS temperature and CO2 setpoints at all disturbance frequencies. The performance of this controller for high disturbance frequencies is a few per cent lower than the truly optimal solution, but over the whole season this effect may not be significant. On the other hand, the controller is likely to be more robust. Implementation of the QSS solution requires simultaneous ventilation and enrichment, properly balanced. This, in turn, requires proportional control, or at least two levels of ventilation, as well as fast on-off switching of fan and CO2 generator.
Investigating the Possibility of Extraction of khandal Extract by Percolation Method and its Application in Marinated White Indian Shrimp Fillet

Shrimp meat is very rich in protein and has more protein than meat of slaughtered livestock and fish and has a short shelf life due to its high perishability. Therefore, plant extracts can be used to maintain product quality for a long time. In the present study, the aim was to optimize the extraction of Mandab plant by percolation method in terms of solvent type factors, solvent ratio, time and finally the application of the optimal extract according to the total phenolic composition and inhibition of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals to prepare marinade from Indian white shrimp (Penaeus indicus) and its shelf life at refrigerator temperature and changes in physicochemical properties (including: pH, acidity, thiobarbituric acid, total volatile basic nitrogen, water holding capacity, water activity, sensory evaluation, acid-salt taste measurement and texture test) product using It was SPSS method. The results showed that the optimal extract was obtained using ethanol solvent in 36 h and a volume of 7 mL. The lowest amount of TVB-N was observed in day 20 of the experiment and with 30% of the extract, the lowest amount of TBA was observed in the control sample. Changes in pH and acidity without significant differences between treatments had a decreasing trend compared to the control sample during the storage period. WHC had a decreasing trend compared to the control and aw samples without significant differences between treatments, more than the control sample.
Optical Character Recognition Based Auto Navigation of Robot

Navigation of robot using signboard. The signboard is placed in the environment as landmark to decide the robot's next path. The signboard is designed such that the robot can perform key functions: the signboard detection, identification. Autonomous navigation of mobile robots in wide area as well as cooperative operations requires many signboards with unique identification pattern. Color signboard allows the robot to recognize the sign board when the signboard is visible entirely in the field of view. In OCR (Optical Character Recognition) text detection and recognition system, combined with several other ingredients, allows robot to recognize named locations specified by a user. This paper will give the system for the auto navigation of robot without maps. OCR is equipped with character recognition software (called OCR software) that converts the bitmap images of characters to equivalent ASCII codes. That is scanner first creates the bitmap image of the document and then the OCR software translates the array of grid points into ASCII text that the computer can interpret as letters, numbers, and special characters.
Gender differences in language about Feminism: Results from Sentiment Analysis and Use of Emojis on Twitter

Social networks, such as Twitter with its around 192 million active users per day, are increasingly changing the way how people access information, communicate with each other, express opinions and discuss a wide range of topics. An example of a rather controversial topic is feminism. This study sheds light on the used language and emojis when discussing feminism on Twitter. Emojis are graphic symbols, representing inter alia facial expressions, but also objects, food or drinks, animals, or emotions, and feelings. For the analysis, 195,843 evaluable tweets were collected between the end of February until the beginning of March 2021, covering the International Women’s Day and part of Women's History Month. A quantitative approach is employed to evaluate the sentiment value of tweets on a lexical level. Sentiment analysis enables the investigation of public emotions about events, opinions, persons etc. Together with the sentiment value of the emojis, it provides the basis to analyze the identified words and topics of the discussions on Twitter. Additionally, as Twitter does not provide the gender of a user, the gender is tried to be derived from unstructured data such as the screen or username as well as the description. Results indicate that female users send in average tweets with a more positive tone than male users, while negative tweets are not significantly different between genders. Emojis are only used in a part of all tweets. The emojis used are correlated to the sentiment value of the tweet.
Chatbot-assisted dynamic assessment (CA-DA) for L2 vocabulary learning and diagnosis

Abstract This study investigated the effect of Chatbot-Assisted Dynamic Assessment (CA-DA) on vocabulary learning and provided insights into learner abilities drawn from its implementation. Through the use of mediating chatbots, this study implemented DA to multiple learners simultaneously and provided each learner with human-like interaction. The chatbots were created using Google’s Dialogflow. Fifty-three Korean EFL primary school learners who were confirmed to demonstrate the same range in vocabulary size participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to three groups: CA-DA, Chatbot-Assisted Non-Dynamic Assessment (CA-NDA), and a control. For two treatment sessions, the learners were asked to read texts and identify the meaning of underlined target words. The chatbots provided graduated assistance to learners in the CA-DA group and only target word definitions to learners in the CA-NDA group. The control group did not utilize chatbots. Two posttests (receptive and productive) were administered both immediately after and two weeks after the second treatment session. Interaction records between the chatbots and learners across the two treatment sessions were also collected. Posttest results showed that vocabulary gains in the CA-DA group were significantly higher than in the other groups. Analysis of interactions between the chatbots and learners for the CA-DA sessions provided detailed evidence of learner development. The findings suggest that CA-DA could not only promote vocabulary acquisition but could also offer diagnostic information about individual learners concerning vocabulary learning. This study also demonstrated the potential of chatbot technology to support language learners.
Multi-platform GMTI tracking for surveillance and reconnaissance coalition environments

The focus of this paper is to describe several recent applications of multi-platform ground moving target indicator (GMTI) tracking technology for surveillance and reconnaissance coalition environments. As part of the U.S. Air Force's 1999 Joint Expeditionary Force experiment (JEFX), we demonstrated (in stand-alone mode) GMTI tracking technology for a simulated ground target scenario consisting of 20,000+ military and civilian ground vehicles and GMTI sensor data based on multiple U.S. and coalition radar simulators (i.e., U.S. Joint STARS and Global Hawk, U.K. ASTOR, French HORIZON, Italy CRESO). As part of NATO's Joint Project Optic Windmill (JPOW) V/Clean Hunter 2000 (CN00), we demonstrated the real-time operation of GMTI tracking technology in a live military coalition exercise environment. Two such systems were supported at JPOW V/CN00: (i) an on-board system consisting of the GMTI tracker ported to a DEC ALPHA on the Navy's P3 APY-6 platform, and used by operators to track ground targets based on GMTI data produced by the APY-6 radar system alone, and (ii) an off-board system consisting of the GMTI tracker ported to a Sun Quad Ultra 80 at NATO HQ AIRNORTH at Ramstein AFB Germany, and used to track ground targets based on real GMTI data produced by both the P3 APY-6 and the French HORIZON. In addition, simulated GMTI data from the JSTARS, Global Hawk, and ASTOR radar simulators was also produced and tracked based on a simulated ground target scenario consisting of 30,000+ military and civilian ground vehicles.
Effects of Incident Flows on Wind Loads and Their Combinations on a Low-Rise Building Immersed in a Long Upstream Fetch

AbstractThe primary purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of incident flows (i.e., variations in terrain roughness) on wind loads and wind load combination effects on a target low-rise building. Three area densities—6, 11, and 25%—were considered, and three boundary-layer flows—a low-turbulent flow, and a grid-generated flow—were simulated. Results show that pressure coefficients for the isolated model differ significantly depending on the incident flows, which is a well-known fact, showing large absolute pressure coefficients for a flow with a larger power-law exponent (or high turbulence intensity). For the target model, which has other buildings in its immediate surroundings, the pressure coefficients seem to be less affected by the various incident flows, showing similar variation trends. The effects of boundary-layer flows on interference factor, zoning interference factor, and interference factor of combination factor, are small. Thus, it is concluded that terrain variations can.
Kinematic Simulation of Hydraulic Excavator’s Working Attachment Based on Matlab/Robot

Autonomous excavation has attracted interest because of the potential for increased productivity and lower labor costs. In this work the workspace of working attachment is divided into four spaces by driving space, joint space, pose space and detection space. By geometrical relation of hydraulic excavator working attachment’s mechanisms, the mutual map relationship of every workspace is derived. Subsequently, the kinematics model of hydraulic digger’ working attachment is built so as to accomplish its autonomous excavation. The kinematics solutions and inverse solutions of hydraulic digger’s working attachment are performed. Furthermore, the kinematics simulation analysis on performance and trajectory of the working attachment is carried out by Robotics Toolbox of Matlab. Its conclusion provides technical base and prior computation data for autonomous excavation of hydraulic digger as well as the similar task of other engineering machinery unmanned operation.
Dynamic Analysis of Linear Induction Motors Using 3-D Equivalent Magnetic Circuit Network (EMCN) Method

In this paper, a new time-stepping, three-dimensional (3-D) numerical analysis method is proposed. The proposed method is based on the magnetic equivalent circuit. This method is capable of analyzing linear induction motor with faster computation time and less memory than conventional methods. In this method, the model is divided into hexahedral elements, and then equivalent magnetic network is constructed by connecting the node of each element center. The magneto-motive force (MMF) generated by induced current is modeled as passive source in the magnetic equivalent network. Therefore, by using only scalar potential at each node, it is possible to model linear induction motors in 3-D and analyze their performances.
Computer-based electric energy cost management

Control over electrical energy operating costs and their associated administrative overheads can be greatly improved by using a computer to manage electric service contracts. The electrical power supervision system (EPSS) is particularly effective for oil and gas producers whose electrical loads are both diversified and distributed over several geographic areas. The system allows for centralized control under a trained specialist who ensures that for each production facility the contract terms and electrical costs are optimized. In addition, this approach to electric energy management effectively reduces corporate overheads by automating invoice payment procedures and enhancing lines of communication with the electric utilities. >
A finite element development for ball bearing nonlinear stiffness modelization

Abstract A formulation and algorithmic treatment of a three-dimensional bearing stiffness is presented. This stiffness formulation is based on the non-linear equilibrium balance of forces and moments on the rolling elements, in a ball bearing, exerted by the inner and the outer races including contact forces. Newton-Raphson Method is used to solve the resulting non linear equation system. A non-linear two nodes finite element linking up a node of the inner race to another node of the outer race is developed. The tangent stiffness matrix of this element is deduced from the Jacobean of the convergent equilibrium. A numerical study is presented showing the influence of some parameters variation and the coupling between all stiffness terms. (Accepted by previous Editorial Team.)
Enhancement of Vehicle Dynamics with Application of H Arm at Rear Suspension System

The conventional design and manufacturing of rear suspension system in All terrain Vehicles were Double wishbone, Semi trailing arm, Mcpherson strut and torsion bar but to overcome the adverse effects such as wheel wobbling, Uncontrolled Toe and power losses from transmission. So by introducing a H-arm suspension system at the rear end of the vehicle can improve the performance of the vehicle by keeping it stable and able to sustain all the incoming loads from the ground and provides a comfortable drive and by maintaining a constant Toe which will improve the transmission. The primary objective of the suspension system in the ATV is to maximise the contact between the tires and the road surface, providing good handling and steering stability, evenly distributed weight throughout the vehicle and ensuring riders safety also comfort by absorbing the shocks from the terrain. Ansys solver is used for analysis, lotus shark used for the simulation and the modelling is done by using Solidworks 19. Fabrication of the system was done according to the Design values, run- virtual compliance test is performed for checking the vehicle dynamics.
Computer Simulations of Dynamic Response of Ferrofluids on an Alternating Magnetic Field with High Amplitude

The response of ferrofluids to a high-amplitude AC magnetic field is important for several applications including magnetic hyperthermia and biodetection. In computer simulations of the dynamic susceptibility of a ferrofluid outside the linear response region, there are several problems associated with the fact that an increase in the frequency of the AC field leads to the appearance of additional computational errors, which can even lead to unphysical results. In this article, we study the dependence of the computational error arising in the computer simulation of the dynamic susceptibility on the input parameters of the numerical algorithm: the length of the time step, the total number of computer simulation periods, and averaging period. Computer simulation is carried out using the Langevin dynamics method and takes Brownian rotational relaxation of magnetic particles and interparticle interactions into account. The reference theory [Yoshida T. ; Enpuku K. Jap. J. Ap. Phys. 2009] is used to estimate computational error. As a result, we give practical recommendations for choosing the optimal input parameters of the numerical algorithm, which make it possible to obtain reliable results of the dynamic susceptibility of a ferrofluid in a high-amplitude AC field in a wide frequency range.
Ranking Romanian Universities: How much the Choice of Nonparametric Variables Matters?

Choosing the best university has never been an easy decision and it has now become a thorough process with the rapidly increase in the education market. This paper examines the efficiency of Romanian universities by applying various multiple input – multiple output models. The estimators obtained were used in order to build the efficiency frontier and to rank the universities. The choice of input and output variables has proved to be crucial in the analysis and a reason for an in depth interpretation of the method used. I examined the effect of variables choice on the performance of universities and also the effect of trade-off between research and teaching. This is the first nonparametric efficiency analysis conducted on Romanian universities and its results can be used by prospective students, university teachers, as well as the public and media.
Community responses to LGBT+ adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities during the COVID-19 confinement in Madrid

A group of 50 people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) as well as diverse sexualities and gender identities in Madrid participated in a feminist community-based project, which supported them through the first wave of the pandemic. Facilitated by professionals, the project offered online meetings twice a month, helping them to articulate their needs and promote their agency over their choices and experiences. Based on their demands, participants chose the topics they wanted to discuss, proposed activities, and were the center of the program, while facilitators set up and maintained the online space, helping with participation and access to information and resources. Through this transformative experience, the members of the group developed friendship networks and started their activism, making public appearances in video campaigns and mainstream newspapers to make their needs visible to peers, families, social workers, policy makers, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). This research is part of a larger project that tackles the psychosocial factors that affected Spanish people with sexual and gender diversity during the first wave of the pandemic.
A Silicon Gyroscope With Electronic Frequency Tuning

In micromachined gyroscopes, the vibrating masses are generally coupled by one of two means. The most common means is mechanical, meaning a spring or equivalent structure links the two masses. Alternatively, the coupling is produced electrostatically, where the displacement of the masses causes the gap of a capacitive structure to vary. In this paper, a new approach called electronic coupling is employed. The tuning structure and circuit are presented. Simulation results are discussed.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Direct model extraction of RFCMOS spiral transformers

In a spiral transformer, couplings between the coils are interlaced and correlative, and are difficult to independently extract from limited network parameters. In this article, we present a method for directly extracting model parameters including mutual inductances and port-to-port capacitances one by one. In the method, by leaving unmeasured ports short-circuited or open-circuited on the wafer, we transform a 4-port transformer into four 2-port networks for obtaining adequate measurement data, enabling us to extract all the ‘2-π’-like model parameters independently. We adopt this method into the modelling of a 5:5-turn spiral transformer fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS technology. Finally, comparisons between electromagnetic (EM)-simulated results, measured results and model-simulated results demonstrate that our method is accurate and reliable.
A stochastic model for COVID-19 with a highly effective vaccine

We propose a stochastic model for the population dynamics of COVID-19 with vaccine. The model allows for waning immunity. We start off with a deterministic model in terms of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which afterwards are stochastically perturbed to form a system of stochastic differential equations (SDEs). The ODE system and the SDE system have global positive solutions. We discuss the equilibrium points of the ODE system. For the SDE model we obtain a stability result in terms of almost sure exponential stability theorem for the disease-free equilibrium of the stochastic model. Our theoretical results are illustrated by numerical simulations.