Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of TCP congestion control algorithms

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), is a reliable transport protocol for the transport layer of TCP / IP model, it is the most used transport protocol since it implements panoply of mechanisms ensuring good data transfer. Nowadays, the internet knows a huge growth and therefore it becomes more and more difficult to guarantee the continuity of the services to a very large number of users. This is why a lot of research has been carried out in order to improve the functioning of TCP generally and congestion control more precisely. Several congestion control mechanisms have been proposed to improve the performance of TCP. But, it still suffers from unsatisfactory performances. This is why we will try in this article to conduct a study - based on the analysis of some metrics, packet drop, latency and throughput - for the analysis and comparison of the most powerful of the algorithms proposed in this sense (Tahoe, Reno, New Reno, Vegas, Sack, Fack), in order to identify their advantages and limits under congested environments. So, for the simulation we opted for the NS2 simulator by applying 24 different scenarios for each algorithm. The study showed that TCP Tahoe, Reno, New Reno and Sack are loss-based; they favor the loss of packets to guarantee a short latency. While TCP Vegas is delay-based; it’s recommended for applications that require reliable packet transfer. The results of this study will form the basis of future work on the development of a robust algorithm which combines both the advantages of the studied algorithms, and which has the power to share bandwidth fairly with aggressive algorithms such as TCP Reno in order to ensure a good congestion control.
DETERMINATIONS OF RADIOACTIVITY AND ELEMENT LEVELS OF SALINE WATERS FROM SIIRT REGION, TURKEY

Bu calismada, Siirt bolgesinin farkli alanlarindan toplanan tuzlu sularda toplam α ve toplam β seviyeleri ve metal icerikleri PIC- MPC-9604 model α/β sayim sistemi ve dalga boyu dagilimli X-isini floresans spektrometresi ile olculdu ve degerlendirildi. Orneklerde, minimum olculebilir derisimler (MOD) ( 0,11 – 0,20 Bq L -1 ) i le toplam α aktivite icerikleri (0,44 – 0,62 Bq L -1 ) ve MOD ( 0,10 – 0,17 Bq L -1 ) i le toplam β aktivite icerikleri (0,93 – 1,67 Bq L -1 ) olarak tayin edilmistir. Tuzlu sularda bulunan radyoaktivite ve element iceriklerinin karsilastirilmasi Dunya Saglik Orgutu (WHO) , Birlesik Devletler Cevre Koruma Ajansi (US-EPA), Turk Standartlari (TS) tarafindan bildirilen degerleri ile ve onceki yayinlanan makale degerleri ile yapilmistir. Tuzlu sulari, metal ve aktivite icerikleri acisindan kategorize etmek icin ana bilesen ve kume analizleri kullanilmistir. Bulunan uc ana bilesen, verilerdeki toplam degiskenin yaklasik % 90,4'u olmustur.
Lessons Learned About Building an ASSERTive Community

One of our observations in this lessons learned paper is that there is underwhelming faculty development related to scholarship other than on how to submit and sometimes how to write proposals. This de facto service model misses everything outside of the proposal-writing process; which is the least important, but is often the most celebrated, rewarded, and supported phase. Inspired by national Centers for Teaching & Learning, and modeled after the emerging Communities of Transformation literature, we are piloting a Center for Transformative Research at Boise State University. The vision of our Center is to build and sustain an ASSERTive community -- for Aligning Stakeholders and Structures to Enable Research Transformation (ASSERT). Faculty members from across campus were recruited to participate as fellows to explore what it means to be a scholar and how to move a bold and transformative idea forward. To minimize the energy to apply, the application process included an Instagram post, Twitter response, and/or haiku. Fifteen faculty were selected for the cohort of fellows. To ensure university-wide accountability, a memorandum of understanding was signed by each fellow, as well as their Provost, Vice President for Research & Economic Development, College or School Dean, and Department Chair. Once signed, each fellow was asked to complete a survey and participate in an individual structured interview with the PI and co-PI. These allowed us to determine the specific needs of each fellow, providing validation or perhaps challenging our a priori observations of risk inhibitors at Boise State that prevent germination of bold ideas. By studying the fellows, we were able to look at what may inhibit them from taking risks – personal attributes and beliefs, and structural and cultural issues within their academic units, the university, and in their academic fields. Based on the survey results and individual structured interviews, programming was developed and tailored to the needs of the fellows. An off-campus retreat was held. In addition to the off-campus retreat, on-campus workshops were custom-made for the fellows and included: (a) how to germinate transformative ideas by no longer seeing ideas as precious; (b) how to become an effective collaborator by adapting the Toolbox Project; (c) how to move ideas forward by drawing on the game “Chutes & Ladders” where the chutes represent common obstacles and the ladders are shortcuts; (d)
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Pterocarpus macrocarpus

Abstract The first complete chloroplast genome (cpDNA) sequence of Pterocarpus macrocarpus was determined from Illumina HiSeq pair-end sequencing data in this study. The cpDNA is 154,734 bp in length, contains a large single copy region (LSC) of 88,418 bp and a small single copy region (SSC) of 18,790 bp, which were separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IR) regions of 23,763 bp. The genome contains 127 genes, including 84 protein-coding genes, 8 ribosomal RNA genes, and 35 transfer RNA genes. The overall GC content of the whole genome is 36.3%, and the corresponding values of the LSC, SSC, and IR regions are 33.8%, 30.2%, and 43.3%, respectively. Further phylogenomic analysis showed that P. macrocarpus in Pterocarpus genus clade in Papilionoideae subfamily.
Direct 3D Printed Biomimetic Scaffolds Based on Hydrogel Microparticles for Cell Spheroid Growth

Biocompatible hydrogel inks with shear‐thinning, appropriate yield strength, and fast self‐healing are desired for 3D bioprinting. However, the lack of ideal 3D bioprinting inks with outstanding printability and high structural fidelity, as well as cell‐compatibility, has hindered the progress of extrusion‐based 3D bioprinting for tissue engineering. In this study, novel self‐healable pre‐cross‐linked hydrogel microparticles (pcHμPs) of chitosan methacrylate (CHMA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hybrid hydrogels are developed and used as bioinks for extrusion‐based 3D printing of scaffolds with high fidelity and biocompatibility. The pcHμPs display excellent shear thinning when injected through a syringe and subsequently self‐heal into gels as shear forces are removed. Numerical simulations indicate that the pcHμPs experience a plug flow in the nozzle with minimal disturbance, which favors a steady and continuous printing. Moreover, the pcHμPs show a self‐supportive yield strength (540 Pa), which is critical for the fidelity of printed constructs. A series of biomimetic constructs with very high aspect ratio and delicate fine structures are directly printed by using the pcHμP ink. The 3D printed scaffolds support the growth of bone‐marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells and formation of cell spheroids, which are most important for tissue engineering.
Influence of environmental conditions on extracellular and intracellular antibiotic resistance genes in manure‐amended soil: A microcosm study

Correspondence Robert S. Dungan, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Irr igation & Soils Research Laboratory, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 Email: robert.dungan@usda.gov Abstract The objectives of this study were to modify the protocol of a commercial DNA extraction kit to sequentially extract extracellular DNA (eDNA) and intracellular DNA (iDNA) from the same soil sample and to determine the effects of temperature (5, 20, and 35 C), water holding capacity (25, 50, and 75% of maximum water holding capacity), and freeze-thaw ( 20/20 − C) on t he abundance of two antibiotic resistance genes [ and sul1 tet(M)], a class 1 integron-integrase gene (intI1), and a 16S rRNA gene in soils treated with dairy manure. To assess the efficiency of the eDNA/iDNA method, we performed spiking and recovery experiments with a gene that codes for a green fluorescent protein (gfp). When soils were spiked with a whole-cell preparation of gfp-containing Escherichia coli, the recovery of the gene was on average 0.2 gfp and 1.2% for eDNA and iDNA, respectively. Soils were also spiked with t he gfp gene itself, which showed that nearly 80% of the DNA could not be recovered. Results from the microcosm experiments indicate that extracellular and intracellular sul1, tet(X), intI1, and 16S rRNA genes are resilient and not readily affected by changes in soil moisture and temperature. The intracellular gene levels decreased only slightly during the 56-d incubation period, whereas the extracellular gene levels decreased dramatically by Day 7 and leveled off thereafter. Absolute gene abundances were one to two orders of magnitude higher in iDNA than in eDNA fractions but were similar when normalized to the 16S rRNA gene throughout the incubation period, indicating that enrichment of extracellular and intracellular antibiotic resistance genes did not occur.
Improving Knowledge of Stock Market in Batam through Gamified Mobile App

—The awareness of young people of investment in the stock market is still low. Lack of knowledge in investment stock market is one example of financial illiteracy. Furthermore, the development of financial application with a game element has given a new trend in the investment sector. Thus, we proposed a gamified application as a learning media to improve the knowledge about stock market investment among young people. A nonequivalent comparison, pretest-posttest group design was used in this study to test the impacts of using gamification to improve the knowledge about stock market investment. Our findings contribute overall to a better understanding of stock market investment among young people.
Beyond the tolerance/intolerance dichotomy: incorporating attitudes and acceptability into a robust definition of social tolerance of wildlife

ABSTRACT While most wildlife researchers and managers agree that human tolerance is critical in determining the success and persistence of wildlife populations, the concept of tolerance has lacked definitional precision and operational consistency in the literature. This inconsistency has opened the door to a multiplicity of human-wildlife tolerance studies that present tolerance as either an attitude, a normative belief, or a behavioral intention, making it difficult to compare results across study systems. We drew upon foundational human dimensions of wildlife, sociology, and animal behavior studies to propose an integrated framework of human-wildlife tolerance, defined here as “accepting wildlife and/or wildlife behaviors that one dislikes. ” This definition clarifies the term “tolerance” by incorporating attitudes and acceptability (antecedents of behavior) as two distinct but interrelated axes. We also develop a typology framework that will provide insight into changing responses to human-wildlife conflict, and help evaluate future tolerance-boosting policy or educational interventions.
Variable DEM generalization using local entropy for terrain representation through scale

ABSTRACT An automated method of variable digital elevation model (DEM) smoothing is presented. Using variably sized kernels to perform filtering, the method is driven by the entropy of local z-values in the DEM, i.e. the amount of information necessary to convey the elevation variety in the neighborhood of each pixel. This paper presents the method in service of low-pass filtering in order to smooth the raster, though other neighborhood-based filters could be implemented as well. When used in smoothing, the method successfully retains detail in areas of higher relief variation and suppresses it in areas of lower variation, thereby retaining more salient features like ridges, peaks, or incised valleys, while diminishing flatter ones. Varying the neighborhood size with which entropy calculations are made allows for filtering through continuous map scale, enabling multi-scale representation. The method also includes a simple correction for smoothed pixels such that their z-value range reflects that of the input DEM, thereby ensuring that subsequent products such as generated contour lines remain within correct ranges. Several illustrations are given of the method's results.
Diode-Bridge Multiport Hybrid DC Circuit Breaker for Multiterminal DC Grids

Hybrid dc circuit breaker (HCB) is currently the most promising dc circuit breaker. However, since it requires hundreds of semiconductor switches to withstand high transient interruption voltage, the implementation cost is high. Besides, in the multiterminal dc grid, three or more HCBs may be required at a dc bus, which worsens the disadvantages of HCBs in economy and volume. In order to solve this problem, this article designs a diode-bridge multiport HCB (DB-MPB) with its control procedures. By integrating the n HCBs at the dc bus to a single n-port HCB, the number of semiconductor switches and the footprint can be reduced, while the good current interruption performance can be still maintained. Besides, for the possibility of ultrafast disconnector (UFD) failure, the proposed DB-MPB has the function of UFD failure protection. The effectiveness of the designed DB-MPB under different scenarios is verified by simulations and experimental tests. In addition, the performance comparisons in economy and functionality of the proposed DB-MPB with existed solutions are presented to highlight the advantages of the proposed solution.
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE BEHAVIOR OF NATIONAL MEXICAN REAL ESTATE PRICES

OBJECTIVE: To explain Mexican home prices using fundamental, macroeconomic variables in order to identify possible financial bubble tendencies within the Mexican national housing market during the period 2005 to 2018. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The present study analyzes quarterly data of Mexican real estate market prices and various fundamental, macroeconomic variables during the period 2005 to 2018. The quantitative research approach of the study is based on descriptive statistics and regression analyses. RESULTS: The main results of the study are as follows: First, a simple comparison between market prices and fundamental values shows some kind of (preliminary) evidence of bubble tendencies on the Mexican national real estate market. Secondly, a more sophisticated regression analysis concludes that especially the fundamental variables outstanding mortgage volume and unemployment rate can explain real estate market price movements almost perfectly. CONCLUSIONS: The hypothesis of a financial bubble within the national Mexican real estate market is then rejected, in the considered period 2005 to 2018.
A local grid refinement scheme for B‐spline material point method

A local grid refinement scheme for the material point method with B‐spline basis functions (BSMPM) is developed based on the concept of bridging domain approach. The fine grid is defined in the local large‐deformation regions to accurately capture the complex material responses, whereas other spatial domains are discritized by coarse grids. In the overlapping domain between the fine and coarse grids, the constraint of particle displacements obtained with different grids is enforced using the Lagrange multiplier method to eliminate the spurious stress reflection at the fine/coarse grid interface. Representative numerical examples have shown that the BSMPM simulations with the proposed local grid refinement scheme could provide the solutions in good agreement with those obtained with the uniformly fine grid, and that no significant spurious stress reflection is induced at the fine/coarse grid interface, even for the bridging domain size as small as the cell size of the fine grid. It is also found that the proposed local grid refinement method can significantly reduce the BSMPM computational time compared with the cases for uniformly fine grids. A multitime‐step algorithm is presented and shown to considerably enhance the efficiency of the present local grid refinement scheme with no compromise in accuracy.
Reducing Preharvest Bolting in Open-field-grown Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum L. cv. Santo) through Use of Growth Regulators

Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum L.), also called coriander, is an herbaceous, annual plant that is cultivated worldwide for its leaves and seeds. Cilantro has a strong propensity to bolt quickly in hot weather and under long-day (LD) conditions, which affects the flavor and renders the crop unmarketable. High incidence of preharvest bolting in open-field production can cause significant economic loss. The phytohormone gibberellic acid (GA) regulates stem elongation and floral initiation in many LD rosette plants. In pilot experiments, we found that GA induced bolting in greenhouse-grown cilantro and that plant growth regulators (PGRs) with anti-GA activity can delay this process. We then explored the effects of different GA inhibitors on reducing the incidence of bolting in cilantro grown in a commercial open-field environment. Four field trials were conducted on a commercial farm near Clewiston in Florida between Fall 2016 and Spring 2018. Different growth regulators were applied at different times, ranging from 5 to 8 weeks after seeding (WAS), and plants were harvested 2 to 3 weeks thereafter. Applications of GA inhibitors significantly reduced the incidence of bolting in three of the four trials, but the extent depended on the type of inhibitor used. The results from one trial were inconclusive due to changes in weather that prevented bolting in the entire field. Overall, plots treated with prohexadione calcium and paclobutrazol were most effective and reduced bolting by up to 78%. Applying the PGRs at 5 and 6 WAS was more effective than at 7 or 8 WAS.
Molecular investigations of plant cytochrome P450.

Purification of plant cyt P450s has been difficult, due to their general low abundance in plant tissues and instability during purification. This has meant that only a few have been directly purified from plant tissue to date. Thus, conventional methods for studying their catalytic activity, such as cloning procedures involving the use of antibodies, or the generation of oligonucleotide probes from amino acid sequence, have proven of limited success. An alternative molecular approach was therefore adopted to study cyt P450s from Zea mays and A rabidopsis. For Z. mcys, degenerate PCR primers directed to two conserved regions of sequence were used to amplify a cyt P450 fragment with greatest homology to the CYP71 family of plant cyt P450s. Despite extensive screening of phage À Z. mays leaf, safener-treated root and seedling cDNA libraries, a full-length clone was not isolated using this fragment as a probe. Genomic southern analysis confirmed that a gene corresponding to the cyt P450 fragment was part of the Z. mays genome. Northern analysis and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction indicated that it represented a transcript of low abundance, was present in shoot and root tissues and was constitutive with respect to age and treatments known to induce cyt P450s capable of herbicide metabolism. ¥ov A rabidopsis, an Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) from the Michigan State University EST programme, previously identified as a potential full-length cyt P450, was obtained for further analysis in an effort to assign function. Detailed sequence analysis confirmed it was a full-length cyt P450 of the CYP71 family, and it was designated CYP71B7. Northern analysis revealed it was expressed most strongly in rosette leaves and was also present in roots, leaves, siliques and flowers. Southern analysis indicated that it represented a single copy gene in the A rabidopsis genome. CYP71B7 was successfully expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and biochemical analysis revealed it was active in ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation. 7-ethoxycoumarin is a general artificial substrate of cyt P450s. Several natural compounds were identified which inhibited this activity, and thus are candidate physiological substrates of CYP71B7.
Mantle resistance against Gibraltar slab dragging as a key cause of the Messinian Salinity Crisis

The Messinian Salinity Crisis (5.97–5.33 Ma) was caused by the closure of the Atlantic‐Mediterranean gateways that cut through the Gibraltar orogenic system. The geodynamic drivers underlying gateway closure and re‐opening are still debated. Here, we interrogate the gateway successions to find the imprints of surface deformation, infer the timing and nature of associated geodynamic drivers, and test such inferences against numerical simulations of slab dynamics. We find that since the latest Miocene, a tectonic framework was established in the gateway region dominated simultaneously by (a) relative plate convergence, (b) slab tearing under the eastern Betic Cordillera and (c) mantle resistance against north‐northeastward dragging of the Gibraltar slab by the African plate's absolute motion. We propose that mantle‐resisted slab dragging and slab tearing operated in concert closing the gateways that caused the Messinian Salinity Crisis, whereas sinking of heavy oceanic lithosphere located between buoyant continental plates re‐opened the Strait of Gibraltar at 5.33 Ma.
Cultivable bacteria isolated from cattle ticks of Nuevo León and Zacatecas, Mexico, and an assessment of their antagonism against bacteria of clinical concern

ABSTRACT In addition to the direct issues associated with the parasitic association between ticks and cattle, approximately 20 million heads of cattle are exposed to diseases. The main goals of this study were to assess the diversity of a cultured microbiota associated with endemic bovine tick species and to identify bacterial isolates with antagonistic activity against five pathogens of medical concern. Twenty-five ticks were collected at six localities of Nuevo León and Zacatecas, Mexico. The exterior surface of the ticks was sterilized, and samples of tissues were streaked onto TSA. The isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. The ticks were identified as Rhipicephalus microplus (90/60%), Amblyomma cajennense (10/6.66%), and Otobius megnini (50/33.3). Two hundred ninety-three different bacterial isolates were obtained, most of which were isolated from R. microplus (160/54.6%). Among the bacterial isolates from ticks, gram-negative bacteria were slightly more prevalent (152/51.87%) than gram-positive bacteria (141/48.12%) in the microbiota, and Firmicutes and Gammaproteobacteria were the dominant taxa, respectively. Bacillus cereus showed the highest prevalence, and Burkholderia cepacia and Serratia marcescens showed an ability to inhibit pathogens. This is the first report of the genus Cronobacter and the species Acinetobacter pittii, Escherichia vulneris, and Enterobacter cloacae being detected in ticks.