Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using commercial immunoassay kits for mycotoxins: 'joys and sorrows'?

Rapid test methods are widely used for measuring mycotoxins in a variety of matrices. This review presents an overview of the current commercially available immunoassay rapid test formats. Enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA), lateral flow tests, flow through immunoassay, fluorescent polarisation immunoassay, and immunoaffinity columns coupled with fluorometric assay are common formats in the current market. The two existing evaluation programs for commercial testing kits by United State Department of Agricultural Grain Inspection, Packers & Stockyards Administration (USDA-GIPSA) and AOAC Research Institute are introduced. The strengths and weaknesses of these test kits are discussed with regard to the application scope, variance, specificity and cross reactivity, accuracy and precision, and measurement range. Generally speaking, the current commercially available testing kits meet research and industrial needs as ‘fit-for-purpose’. Furthermore, quality assurance concerns and future perspectives are.
Comparison of ericoid and ectomycorrhizal colonization and ectomycorrhizal morphotypes in mixed conifer and pygmy forests on the northern California coast

On the northern California coast, mixed conifer forests occur on younger, relatively fertile terraces, whereas mesic and hydric pygmy forests occur on older, infertile, poorly drained terraces. We characterized mycorrhizal associations, ectomycorrhizal morphotypes, and colonization levels for nine plant species from three plant communities (mixed conifer, mesic pygmy, and hydric pygmy). Pinus contorta ssp. bolanderi (Parl.) Critchf. and Pinus muricata D. Don were ectomycorrhizal; all ericaceous plants formed ericoid mycorrhizas except Arctostaphylos nummularia A. Gray, which formed only arbutoid mycorrhizas. Arbuscular mycorrhizas were not observed, even on Cupressus goveniana ssp. pigmaea (Lemmon) J. Bartel. Ectomycorrhizal colonization was significantly lower in pygmy forests, while ericoid mycorrhizal colonization was significantly higher, as compared with the mixed conifer forest. Ectomycorrhizal and ericoid mycorrhizal colonization was greater on hummocks than in swales at hydric pygmy sites. Thirtee.
Simplified Model Predictive Thrust Control Based Arbitrary Two Voltage Vectors for Linear Induction Machines in Metro Transportation

In this paper, the model predictive thrust control (MPTC) method is applied in combination with the arbitrary two voltage vectors modulation strategy so as to acquire the more accurate modulation. Because of the huge number of possible voltage vector pairs that need to be evaluated, it may consume high calculation cost to find the best pair of voltage vectors (BPVV). So, one simplified method is proposed to avoid the tedious process of enumerating and comparing all possible cases, which can find directly the BPVV from large number of possible voltage vector pairs. Besides, the current limit is introduced into MPTC to avoid the overcurrent in dynamic transients, and the proposed search method is also effective to the case with current limit. This method has been numerically simulated and experimentally tested on a platform consisting of two coupled 3kW arc induction motors. Both simulation and experimental results show that the MPTC performance is improved by using the modulation of BPVV under different conditions, and its complexity is reduced obviously.
Research on emergency DC power support coordinated control for hybrid multi-infeed HVDC system

Based on the respective characteristics of line-commutated converter highvoltage direct current (LCC-HVDC) and voltage-source converter high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC), two additional emergency DC power support (EDCPS) controllers are designed, respectively. In addition a coordinated control strategy based on a hybrid multi-infeed HVDC system for EDCPS is proposed. Considering the difference in system recovery between LCC-HVDC and VSC-HVDC in EDCPS, according to the magnitude of the amount of potential power loss, the LCC-HVDC and VSC-HVDC priority issues of boosting power for EDCPS are discussed in detail. Finally, a hybrid three-infeed HVDC that consists of two parallel LCC-HVDCs and one VSC-HVDC that is built in PSCAD/EMTDC are simulated. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified based on this hybrid three-infeed HVDC system.
Detection and delineation of various desert terrain features using Landsat-TM derived image transforms

Abstract Globally, deserts cover an estimated 36·3 per cent of the earth's land surface. Of this, 0·32 million km 2 occurs in India. Timely and reliable information on various natural resources of deserts and the processes operating within the region are prerequisites for combating desertification and for checking further encroachment into adjoining fertile lands. Spaceborne multispectral data offer a great potential in providing such information. Landsat-TM data over part of Jodhpur district, Rajasthan was used to generate various spectral indices such as principal components transform, perpendicular vegetation index and soil brightness index. Their potential in delineating various features is evaluated. The methodology and merits and limitations of each transform are discussed in detail.
Hawkes jump-diffusions and finance: a brief history and review

A brief history of diffusions in Finance is presented, followed by an even briefer discussion of jump-diffusions that involve Poisson or Lévy jumps. The main purpose of the paper is then to discuss applications of self-exciting and mutually-exciting Hawkes point processes. After an outline of the basic properties of this class of processes, there is a review of some recent articles that show how incorporating them as contagious jumps into Financial diffusions may improve model fit, forecasting, pricing, hedging and portfolio management.
Pervasive Alteration of Tree Communities in Undisturbed Amazonian Forests 1

L AURANCE ET AL. (2004) REPORTED CHANGES IN TREE - COMMUNITY COM POSITION and dynamics in a large area of Central Amazon forest over an average of 15-yr period, far from pasture edges and in the absence of logging. In the second half of the study period, overall mortality and recruitment increased and most genera grew faster. Of the 115 genera tested, 31 showed changes in density or basal area at rates greater than expected by chance alone for a steady-state undisturbed forest. Some canopy emergents and faster-growing genera increased in basal area while stem-density decrease was seen mostly in understory genera.
Prediction of Nephrotoxicity Associated With Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy in Testicular Cancer Patients

Abstract Background Cisplatin-based chemotherapy may induce nephrotoxicity. This study presents a random forest predictive model that identifies testicular cancer patients at risk of nephrotoxicity before treatment. Methods Clinical data and DNA from saliva samples were collected for 433 patients. These were genotyped on Illumina HumanOmniExpressExome-8 v1.2 (964 193 markers). Clinical and genomics-based random forest models generated a risk score for each individual to develop nephrotoxicity defined as a 20% drop in isotopic glomerular filtration rate during chemotherapy. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was the primary measure to evaluate models. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were used to discuss model clinical utility. Results Of 433 patients assessed in this study, 26.8% developed nephrotoxicity after bleomycin-etoposide-cisplatin treatment. Genomic markers found to be associated with nephrotoxicity were located at NAT1, NAT2, and the intergenic region of CNTN6 and CNTN4. These, in addition to previously associated markers located at ERCC1, ERCC2, and SLC22A2, were found to improve predictions in a clinical feature–trained random forest model. Using only clinical data for training the model, an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.635 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.629 to 0.640) was obtained. Retraining the classifier by adding genomics markers increased performance to 0.731 (95% CI = 0.726 to 0.736) and 0.692 (95% CI = 0.688 to 0.696) on the holdout set. Conclusions A clinical and genomics-based machine learning algorithm improved the ability to identify patients at risk of nephrotoxicity compared with using clinical variables alone. Novel genetics associations with cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity were found for NAT1, NAT2, CNTN6, and CNTN4 that require replication in larger studies before application to clinical practice.
The moral politics of emigration: gendered figures of migration and the anxiety of diasporic return

ABSTRACT The figure of the emigrant and the process of migratory return raise questions about the coherence of nations and generate anxiety about the disruption of social and cultural norms. We explore these tensions through a focus on filmic representations of emigrant return and the manner these articulate a gendered moral politics of migration. Our analysis focuses on the settler colonial context of New Zealand and two films, In My Fathers Den and Jinx Sister, that narrate the return of emigrants, their encounters with local populations and the cultural discrepancies that surface in return. Situated in relation to discourses that valorise emigrants as additions to globally connected nations, these films reveal anxiety as a resonant affect of diasporic return that emerges in behaviour, space and distance and the gendering of returnees. Rather than embracing the return of successful kin, the films reveal moral politics wherein differences must be erased to reinstate belonging in the nation and expectations for change are more pronounced for women than men. The paper demonstrates the importance of popular imaginations to understanding the meanings associated with migration, particularly examining how women and men are situated differently in relation to emigration and the social expectations of return.
The Effect of a Combined Pelvic Floor Muscle Training and Gross Motor Strengthening Program on Urinary Incontinence in School-Aged Children With Typical Development: A Descriptive Retrospective Case Series

Introduction/Background: Daytime incontinence (DI) in a school-aged child with typical development has a substantial impact on the affected family and child’s quality of life. The purpose of this descriptive retrospective case series is to add to the existing knowledge of nonpharmacological treatments for dysfunctional voiding (DV) in the pediatric population. Case Description: Participants included 4 children (median age of 8.9 ± 1.7 years) with typical development who presented to physical therapy (PT) with symptoms of DI. All participants had been successfully toilet-trained during the day for more than 2 years prior to onset of DI. All participants completed a comprehensive rehabilitation program with varying symptom severity at the start of therapy. The case series includes participants with co-occurring disorders including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, and combination ADHD and encopresis. Each child was evaluated for the frequency of DI and the parent completed a urinary symptom questionnaire pretreatment and at a 1to 2-year follow-up (median time to follow-up: 1 year, 4 months). The frequency of DI was also recorded at the last PT treatment. INTRODUCTION Pelvic floor dysfunction with daytime incontinence (DI) limits full engagement and participation of schoolaged children. While these children often have a history of being fully toilet trained, pelvic floor dysfunction can occur. Although the prevalence is unknown, one population study reported up to 16.9% of schoolaged children experience daytime urinary incontinence ranging from very mild to severe.1 In children without pelvic floor dysfunction, voiding occurs when there is an absence of a pelvic floor muscle (PFM) contraction with detrusor contraction. This allows for children to fully empty and manage their bladder during voiding without abnormal urinary retention. Commonly pediatric DI is secondary 1Genesis Pediatric Therapy Center, Coralville, Iowa. 2University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa. 3Minneapolis, Minnesota. An abstract of this work was presented at the APTA Combined Sections Meeting on January 25, 2019, with support by the Elaine Meadows Research Scholar Award presented to Tara Rudolphi. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Corresponding Author: Tara Rudolphi, DPT, PO Box 43, Williamsburg, IA 52361 (Tara.rudolphi@gmail.com). DOI: 10.1097/JWH.0000000000000162 Case Report The Effect of a Combined Pelvic Floor Muscle Training and Gross Motor Strengthening Program on Urinary Incontinence in SchoolAged Children With Typical Development: A Descriptive Retrospective Case Series Tara Rudolphi, DPT1 Douglas Storm, MD2 Kristine Bonnett, ARNP2 Tonya Rich, PhD, OTR/L3 VOLUME 44 • NUMBER 2 • 0
Mapping species diversity patterns in the Kansas shortgrass region by integrating remote sensing and vegetation analysis

Field reconnaissance data are used in a supervised classification of a 1989 Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) scene to create a digital database of high and low quality grasslands for northwestern Kansas. To test the classification of grassland quality, plot-based vegetation data collected from 32 sites are analyzed for differences in species composition, and evaluated for relationships between TM data and plant diversity. Significant differences between predicted high and low quality grassland sites are identified for the following variables: cover of the dominant and common species, overall species richness, number of forbs, number of grasses, and plant diversity using Shannon's index. Linear regression analysis reveals a significant relationship (r2= 0.61) between species diversity and the prediction of grassland quality from the supervised classification. The addition of spectral data to this model did not improve the prediction of species diversity, but spectral brightness is identified as a key feature in mapping shortgrass vegetation diversity patterns with TM data.
Profiles of MBL Cloud and Drizzle Microphysical Properties Retrieved From Ground‐Based Observations and Validated by Aircraft In Situ Measurements Over the Azores

The profiles of marine boundary layer (MBL) cloud and drizzle microphysical properties are important for studying the cloud‐to‐rain conversion and growth processes in MBL clouds. However, it is challenging to simultaneously retrieve both cloud and drizzle microphysical properties within an MBL cloud layer using ground‐based observations. In this study, methods were developed to first decompose drizzle and cloud reflectivity in MBL clouds from Atmospheric Radiation Measurement cloud radar reflectivity measurements and then simultaneously retrieve cloud and drizzle microphysical properties during the Aerosol and Cloud Experiments in the Eastern North Atlantic (ACE‐ENA) campaign. These retrieved microphysical properties, such as cloud and drizzle particle size (rc and rm,d), their number concentration (Nc and Nd) and liquid water content (LWCc and LWCd), have been validated by aircraft in situ measurements during ACE‐ENA (~158 hr of aircraft data). The mean surface retrieved (in situ measured) rc, Nc, and LWCc are 10.9 μm (11.8 μm), 70 cm−3 (60 cm−3), and 0.21 g m−3 (0.22 g m−3), respectively. For drizzle microphysical properties, the retrieved (in situ measured) rd, Nd, and LWCd are 44.9 μm (45.1 μm), 0.07 cm−3 (0.08 cm−3), and 0.052 g m−3 (0.066 g m−3), respectively. Treating the aircraft in situ measurements as truth, the estimated median retrieval errors are ~15% for rc, ~35% for Nc, ~30% for LWCc and rd, and ~50% for Nd and LWCd. The findings from this study will provide insightful information for improving our understanding of warm rain processes, as well as for improving model simulations. More studies are required over other climatic regions.
North Pacific Gyre Oscillation Closely Associated With Spring Arctic Sea Ice Loss During 1998–2016

The relative importance of the factors contributing to Arctic spring sea ice decline remains an open question. Here we suggest a new major factor. In spring the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) shows a significantly increasing trend during 1998–2016, in contrast to the insignificant trend of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index. Nearly 40% of Arctic springtime sea ice concentration trend is statistically related to the increase of the NPGO index but only 4% to the PDO trend. Through the destructive linear interference with climatological Aleutian low, the increasing NPGO index tends to weaken the upward propagation of planetary waves, which enhances the strength of the stratospheric Arctic vortex and the Arctic Oscillation (AO). The positive AO anomalies influence the surface wind field and temperature pattern anomalies, contributing to negative sea ice anomalies in the Arctic.
Purification and Characterization of Nitric Oxide Synthase-Activating Factor.

A factor activating brain nitric oxide synthase was detected in rat urine and partially purified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Its intracerebroventricular injection reduced the blood pressure and heart rate of rats. A similar activating factor was detected in rat brain, heart, kidney, liver, and the adrenal. Since its activity per wet weight was the highest in the adrenal, we decided to purify it from bovine adrenals and obtained a partially purified preparation by FPLC MonoQ column chromatography. The active fraction stimulated cyclic GMP (cGMP) production in primary cultures of neuronal cells from fetal rat brain. These results suggest that an activator of nitric oxide synthase is present in bovine adrenals as well as in the urine and various tissues of rats. This factor showed hypotensive and bradycardiac actions when injected into the brain.
Relationship changes of military couples during reintegration: A longitudinal analysis

This study drew on the emotional cycle of deployment model to track the content, valence, and sequence of relationship changes experienced by returning service members and at-home partners during the transition from deployment to reintegration. In a longitudinal study, 555 military couples (1,100 individuals) wrote 7,387 comments describing changes that had occurred in their relationship during the past month. A content analysis identified 10 substantive categories: emotional intimacy, sexual intimacy, spending time together, appraisals of the relationship, life changes, readjustment to daily life, conflict, family changes, commitment, and reports of no change. The frequency of changes reported in emotional intimacy, sexual intimacy, readjustment to daily life, and conflict declined across the transition. In contrast, reports of life changes, and comments stating that no change had occurred, increased over time. Independent coders judged each change as positive (42.1%), negative (32.4%), or neutral (25.5%) in valence. Participants described fewer positive changes as the transition progressed, although this tendency slowed over time. In contrast, the frequency of negative changes remained stable across the transition, and the frequency of neutral changes increased. The findings are used to advance theory, research, policy, and intervention designed to help military couples negotiate relationship changes across the post-deployment transition.
Grazing Management, Forage Production and Soil Carbon Dynamics

Soil carbon pools remain a target for sequestering greenhouse gases, but appropriate land management options to achieve such sequestration remain uncertain. Livestock grazing can have profound positive or negative effects on soil carbon. Different models for assessing the influences of grazing are available, but few explicitly account for different management options on soil organic carbon (SOC). Here, I link a previous simple SOC dynamic model (SNAP) to a recent model of episodic grazing and its effects on primary production. The resulting combined model, called SNAPGRAZE, assesses the potential effects of grazing management on SOC across a range of climates with only eight climate, soil, and management input variables. SNAPGRAZE predicts that, at high stocking densities relative to those sustainable under continuous grazing and at higher mean annual temperature and precipitation, short-duration, high stocking density (SDHSD) grazing schemes can enhance forage production and increase stocks of soil organic carbon. Model predictions for current SOC, given a known 50 year grazing history, agrees well with data from nine private ranches in the North American Great Plains. SNAPGRAZE may provide a framework for exploring the consequences of grazing management for forage production and soil carbon dynamics.
Microbial utilization of rice root residue‐derived carbon explored by DNA stable‐isotope probing

Despite the vast carbon (C) stock of crop root residues in arable ecosystems, the microbial assimilation mechanism of crop root derived‐C is poorly understood. In this study, a DNA‐based stable isotope probing (DNA‐SIP) approach was used to explore and characterize the diversity of the soil bacterial community assimilating C derived from 13C‐labelled rice root residues during a 90‐day incubation. Overall, 13C‐assimilating bacterial groups with various characteristics were identified with the occurrence of strong priming effects on soil native C. Significant increases of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes abundances within the 13C‐assimilating bacterial community were observed. Generally, Streptomyces were the predominant utilizers of 13C derived from rice root residues within a 28‐day incubation. The 13C‐labelling of Pseudomonas, which was continuously detected during incubation, indicated stronger effects at the later decomposition stage. The role of genera Kitasatospora, Catenulispora, Nocardioides, Flavisolibacter and Niastella in 13C‐labelled rice root residues assimilation was also observed. Meanwhile, incorporation of rice root residues stimulated the growth of certain bacterial groups that incorporated unlabelled native soil C, including Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, Verrumicrobia and Nitrospirae.
Inoculation of Lolium rigidum with Clavibacter sp., the toxigenic bacteria associated with annual ryegrass toxicity

A series of experiments was undertaken to induce the development of Clavibacter sp. in Lolium rigidum with both cultured and field sources of bacterial inoculum by artificial inoculation and inoculation in association with the vector nematode Anguina funesta. Bacterial colonization of the host was reliably achieved only with a bacterial inoculum from the field in conjunction with A.funesta. Although in a few instances bacterial gummosis in the host was observed when it was artificially inoculated with cultured bacteria, these bacteria no longer appeared to be pathogenic