Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Digital terrestrial television transmission over OFDM/FM using satellite communications system

SUMMARY The new digital terrestrial television transmission signals use the OFDM system. This system has the fundamental problem that the peak power to average power ratio (PAPR) of the signal is significant. In this paper, a satellite communication system is proposed as a supplemental network for digital terrestrial broadcasting. It is shown that effective use of the satellite power becomes possible at a large PAPR by using the FM system with a constant signal envelope as the secondary modulation, so that the problem can be resolved. It is shown analytically that a larger FM gain can be obtained by limiting the peak voltage of the OFDM signal by clipping. The degradation of the BER caused by clipping is derived by simulation and the system is optimized with regard to the degree of clipping. Taking the size and operational cost of the receiving station into account, channel design is performed assuming a real satellite channel. The overall transmission characteristics such as the transmission capacity of the satellite repeater and the channel quality are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(11): 74–84, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20385
Medium temperature epoxy resin for immunocytochemistry: Quetol 651 with water

The addition of 1% water to the epoxy resin Quetol increased the labeling intensity of the sample. The significant decrease of the curing temperature of the epoxy resin may assist in preservation of antigens. Water may also reduce the cross‐linkage of the resin allowing more antigen to be available to the antibodies. The modified Quetol resin is an option for use in immunocytochemistry studies.
Common Questions about AAC Services in Early Intervention

Children and adults with developmental delays have benefited from the use of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems to develop language skills necessary for more generative and functional communication. Beginning communicators however, have historically been considered too young or too pre-linguistic and therefore have not been introduced to AAC systems until behaviors, thought to be prerequisites, have been noted. Recent research and theories about early communication development have challenged this traditional practice and broadened the scope of what is considered to be AAC. Practitioners and parents unfamiliar with early AAC options may not recognize possible applications of communication strategies used with typically developing children and older persons with developmental disabilities. AAC is applicable at all ages for learning communication roles and behaviors as well as for functional communication for persons who do not yet demonstrate clear referential symbol use. This article addresses nine questions that are frequently asked about early introduction of AAC systems to children under 3 years of age. Rationales and strategies are provided that can assist early interventionists and parents in considering AAC options for children at risk for being unintelligible or non-speaking.
Asymmetric Diagnosability Analysis of Discrete-Event Systems

The twin plant method is central in every research whose focus is checking the diagnosability of discrete-event systems (DESs). Although the property of diagnosability has been extended over time, and several proposals have been advanced to perform a distributed analysis, diagnosability checking still relies on the exploitation of the twin plant method. However, the twin plant structure is redundant, which is a drawback, above all if the considered DES observation is uncertain: in such a case, several distinct twin plants have to be built in order to check the diagnosability for increasing levels of uncertainty. A higher uncertainty level requires a twin plant of larger size. The paper first gives some preliminary thoughts to the reduction of the twin plant size. Next, on the ground that no contribution in the literature has altered the original state-based representation of the twin plant, the paper shows how to transform such a representation into a transition-based one. Finally, it reports some investigations aimed at reducing the effort needed to produce each twin plant: a twin plant inherent to a higher uncertainty level can be produced by incrementing the twin plant relevant to the lower level.
The Effects of Health Insurance on Access to New Medical Technologies

Abstract We examined the use of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, kidney stone lithotripsy, and bone marrow transplant among patients with different health insurance plans in California. HMO enrollees were less likely to receive these procedures compared with fee-for-service patients. Our results have implications for the inflationary effects of technology under managed care.
Visibility Evaluation of Presentation Slides Based on Human Visual Features

We propose a method to evaluate character images as a part of the study on quantitative visibility evaluation for presentation slides. When authors make slides, characters in the slides need to be designed clear. If images are seen from long distances, they seem to be blurred. It is conceivable that visibility of the images is in proportion to gradients in the images. We simulated long-distance character image by applying a Gaussian filter, and calculated Total Gradient Ratio i.e. TGR of character images using the Sobel filters. TGR is an index of character contrast and it, can show differences of visibility caused by font sizes and font types. So long as they are evaluated quantitatively, compilation of high visibility slides can be made readily.
A simple method for capacitor voltages balancing of diode-clamped multilevel converters using space vector modulation

This paper presents a new and simple method for capacitor voltages balancing of an n-level diode-clamped multilevel converters using space vector modulation (SVM). The proposed method introduces a generalized approach to calculate dc-link capacitor currents without the use of look-up tables for an n-level diode-clamped converter. This approach balances dc-link capacitor voltages based on minimum energy property. The performance of the proposed method has been studied for a three-level, four-level and five-level diode-clamped converter in MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Integral Backstepping Control for Quadrotor Helicopters

In this paper, a novel nonlinear control approach is designed for the quadrotor helicopter to achieve the trajectory tracking task in a complex battle field. The 6-DOF dynamic model of the quadrotor is introduced based on the Newton-Euler formula. Considering the characteristic of the quadrotor dynamics, a hierarchical control scheme consisting of a translational subsystem and a rotational subsystem is presented. Then, an integral backstepping (integral BS) control strategy is proposed for both two subsystems. The performance of the control method presented in this paper is demonstrated by the numerical simulations. The results show that the nonlinear control approach has an excellent capability both in tracking accuracy and robustness in the presence of random wind disturbances.
Siah2‐deficient mice show impaired skin wound repair

Hypoxia is associated with the dermal wound healing process and hypoxia signaling is presumed to be crucial for normal wound repair. The Siah2 ubiquitin ligase controls the abundance of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 alpha, and loss of Siah2 results in destabilization of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 alpha under hypoxia. Utilizing Siah2−/− mice we demonstrate that cutaneous wound healing is impaired in these mice. Wounds in Siah2−/− mice heal slower and are associated with delayed induction of myofibroblast infiltration and reduced collagen deposition. This coincides with delayed angiogenesis and reduced macrophage infiltration into the wounds of Siah2−/− mice. We furthermore demonstrate that primary Siah2−/− dermal fibroblasts have reduced migratory capacities and produce less collagen than wild‐type fibroblasts. Additionally, Siah2−/− fibroblasts showed conserved responses to transforming growth factor‐β at the receptor level (pSmad 2C activation) but reduced responses downstream. Together, our data show, for the first time, that Siah2 is involved as a positive regulator in the wound healing response. Understanding the role of hypoxia signaling in tissue repair and fibrosis and interference with the hypoxia signaling pathway via regulation of Siah2 may provide new targets for clinical regulation of fibrosis and scarring.
The relationship between serum calcium level and women with pregnancy-induced hypertension in China : a meta-analysis

The aim of our study was to determine the relationship between serum calcium levels and PIH. In our study, we searched databases, including Wangfang, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and PubMed, to find literature regarding the relationship between PIH and calcium levels. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software. A total of 8 articles were included in our study. The results of the heterogeneity of PIH (P<0.001; I2 = 95%) showed heterogeneity among the included studies, and we used the random effect model for the meta-analysis. In the meta-analysis, significant differences was found between serum Ca and subjects with PIH (MD = -0.27; 95% CI, -0.40 to -0.30). Our research suggests that decreasing of serum calcium maybe a risk of PIH.
Role of Egg Density on Establishment and Plant-to-Plant Movement by Western Corn Rootworm Larvae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Abstract The effect of egg density on establishment and dispersal of larvae of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, was evaluated in a 3-yr field study. Implications of these data for resistance management plans for Bt crops are discussed. Viable egg levels of 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1,600 eggs per infested plant were evaluated in 2000, 2001, and 2002. A 3,200 viable egg level was also tested in 2001 and 2002. All eggs were infested on one plant per subplot in a field that was planted to soybean, Glycine max (L.), in the previous year. For each subplot, the infested plant, three plants down the row, the closest plant in the adjacent row of the plot, and a control plant at least 1.5 m from any infested plant (six plants total) were sampled. In 2000, there were five sample dates between egg hatch and pupation, and in 2001 and 2002, there were six sample dates. On each sample date, four replications of each egg density were sampled for both larval recovery and plant damage. Initial establishment on a corn plant seemed to not be density-dependent because a similar percentage of larvae was recovered from all infestation rates. Plant damage and, secondarily, subsequent postestablishment larval movement were density-dependent. Very little damage and postestablishment movement occurred at lower infestation levels, but significant damage and movement occurred at higher infestation rates. Movement generally occurred at a similar time as significant plant damage and not at initial establishment, so timing of movement seemed to be motivated by available food resources rather than crowding. At the highest infestation level in 2001, significant movement three plants down the row and across the 0.76 m row was detected, perhaps impacting refuge strategies for transgenic corn.
Erbium-Doped-Silica Photonic Crystal Fiber Characterization Method: Description and Experimental Check

The present paper reports and discusses a characterization method for erbium-doped-silica photonic crystal fibers based on the measurement of pump power attenuation and gain together with the McCumber theory. The absorption and emission cross sections and the passive losses of the fiber were obtained from a fitting procedure of theoretical to experimental values. The method was checked by means of a home-made photonic crystal fiber to verify its reliability. Finally, it was found that the characteristic parameters obtained by this method can be used to accurately simulate the performance of the fiber and therefore to design devices based on it.
Text based user comments as a signal for automatic language identification of online videos

Identifying the audio language of online videos is crucial for industrial multi-media applications. Automatic speech recognition systems can potentially detect the language of the audio. However, such systems are not available for all languages. Moreover, background noise, music and multi-party conversations make audio language identification hard. Instead, we utilize text based user comments as a new signal to identify audio language of YouTube videos. First, we detect the language of the text based comments. Augmenting this information with video meta-data features, we predict the language of the videos with an accuracy of 97% on a set of publicly available videos. The subject matter discussed in this research is patent pending.
Mathematical analysis and treatment for the true and spurious eigenequations of circular plates by the meshless method using radial basis function

Abstract In this paper, a meshless method for solving the eigenproblems of plate vibration using the radial basis function (RBF) is proposed. By employing the RBF in the imaginary‐part fundamental solution, spurious eigenequations in conjunction with the true ones are obtained at the same time. Mathematical analysis for the appearance of spurious eigenequations by using degenerate kernel and circulant is done through a circular plate for a discrete system. In order to obtain the true and spurious eigenequations, six (C 2 4) formulations (either two combinations from the four types of potentials, single, double, triple and quadruple) of meshless methods are employed in conjunction with the SVD technique. The spurious eigenequation in each formulation is found and is filtered out by using the SVD updating technique. Three cases, clamped, simply‐supported and free circular plates, are demonstrated to check the validity of the meshless methods.
Simplified Adaptive Robust Motion Control with Varying Boundary Discontinuous Projection of Hydraulic Actuator

This paper deals with the high performance adaptive robust motion control of electrohydraulic servo system driven by dual vane hydraulic rotary actuator. The recently developed adaptive robust control theory is used to handle the nonlinearities and modelling uncertainties in hydraulic systems. Aside from the difficulty of handling parametric variations, the traditional adaptive robust controller (ARC) is also a little complicated in practice. To address these challenging issues, a simplified adaptive robust control with varying boundary discontinuous projection is developed to enhance the robustness of the closed-loop system, based on the features of hydraulic rotary actuator. Compared with previous ARC controller, the resulting controller has a simple algorithm for more suitable implementation and can handle parametric variations via nonlinear robust design. The controller theoretically achieves a guaranteed transient performance and final tracking accuracy in the presence of both parametric uncertainties and uncertain nonlinearities. Extensive simulation results are obtained for a hydraulic rotary actuator to verify the high performance nature of proposed control strategy.
A comparison of the natriuretic and kaliuretic effects of cicletanine and hydrochlorothiazide in prehypertensive and hypertensive humans

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the single-dose effects of thiazide-type diuretics cicletanine and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), on natriuresis and kaliuresis in prehypertensive and treatment-naïve, stage 1 hypertensive patients and to explore the impact of GRK4 gene polymorphisms on thiazide-induced urinary electrolyte excretion. Methods: The study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-period, four-treatment, balanced incomplete block, cross-over study in male patients assigned to treatment sequences consisting of placebo, cicletanine 50 mg, cicletanine 150 mg, and HCTZ 25 mg, doses used to treat hypertension. Cumulative urine samples were collected predosing and over 24 h after dosing in each period to compare urine electrolyte excretion profiles of potassium (UKV), sodium (UNaV), magnesium, calcium, phosphate, chloride, and pH among groups. Each treatment was administered to 18 different patients in each period, and an equal number of patients had less than and at least three GRK4 allele variants. Results: Compared with placebo, mean UKV was significantly increased with HCTZ 25 mg (12.7 mmol/day; P ⩽ 0.001), cicletanine 50 mg (4.6 mmol/day; P = 0.026), and cicletanine 150 mg (5.5 mmol/day; P = 0.011), and mean UNaV was significantly increased with HCTZ 25 mg (102.2 mmol/day; P ⩽ 0.001), cicletanine 50 mg (21.7 mmol/day; P = 0.005), and cicletanine 150 mg (57.9 mmol/day; P ⩽ 0.001). Conclusion: All treatments had more natriuresis, diuresis, and kaliuresis than placebo, and both doses of cicletanine had less kaliuresis than HCTZ. These findings suggest that cicletanine is a favorable and well tolerated option for the treatment of hypertension with an improved safety profile compared with HCTZ.
Comparison of Color Difference Equations

Advanced color difference equations still do not necessarily predict accurately the color differences for complex stimuli such as photographic images. The CIELAB color-difference formula has been used extensively for quality control in industry but its application is limited because CIELAB space is still far from being perceptually perfectly uniform. The consequence of this is that for equal perceptual color differences, the values of CIELAB color differences can vary by an order of magnitude. The aim of this work is to compare accuracy of three color difference equations that are recently used
Device-to-Device Communications; Functional Prospects for LTE-Advanced Networks

In this paper the possibility of device-to-device (D2D) communications as an underlay of an LTE-A network is introduced. The D2D communication enables new service opportunities and reduces the eNB load for short range data intensive peer-to-peer communication. The cellular network may establish a new type of radio bearer dedicated for D2D communications and stay in control of the session setup and the radio resources without routing the user plane traffic. The paper addresses critical issues and functional blocks to enable D2D communication as an add-on functionality to the LTE SAE architecture. Unlike 3G spread spectrum cellular and OFDM WLAN techniques, LTE-A resource management is fast and operates in high time-frequency resolution. This could allow the use of non-allocated time-frequency resources, or even partial reuse of the allocated resources for D2D with eNB controlled power constraints. The feasibility and the range of D2D communication, and its impact to the power margins of cellular communications are studied by simulations in two example scenarios. The results demonstrate that by tolerating a modest increase in interference, D2D communication with practical range becomes feasible. By tolerating higher interference power the D2D range will increase.
Alcohol use, psychological distress, and subjective well-being among young adult university students: A cross-national study between Serbia and Italy

ABSTRACT Few studies have cross-nationally tested the mediators of the relationship between alcohol use and subjective well-being among university students. This study examined how self-reported psychological distress symptoms mediate the association between alcohol use (drinking frequency and binge-drinking frequency) and subjective well-being among 637 Serbian and 705 Italian university students. Psychological distress mediated the negative relationship between binge-drinking frequency and subjective well-being among Serbians (partial mediation) and Italians (full mediation). Drinking frequency was not associated with psychological distress or subjective well-being. Binge drinking may negatively affect subjective well-being among university students by enhancing symptoms of psychological distress.
Detection of Various Variant Verotoxin Genes in Escherichia coli by Polymerase Chain Reaction

We constructed common primers for the polymerase chain reaction to detect the genes for various Verotoxins reported, that is, VT1 (or SLT‐I), VT2 (or SLT‐II), VT2vha, VT2vhb, SLT‐IIv (or VT2vp1, VTe) and SLT‐IIva (or VT2vp2). A total of 80 Verocytotoxin‐producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from humans, domestic animals and meats gave a positive result by PCR with the designed common primers. Digestion by restriction endonucleases BglII and EcoT14I of the amplicon of the VT2vp2 gene gave specific bands of the expected sizes, but not of the amplicons of other VT genes, suggesting a possible method for identification of the VT2vp2 gene. Application of the PCR with the designed primers in diagnostic and epidemiological studies on VTEC infection is also discussed.
The effects of early maternal employment on child cognitive development

We investigated the effects of early maternal employment on children’s cognitive outcomes, using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth on 1,872 children who can be followed from birth to age 7 or 8. We found some persistent adverse effects of first-year maternal employment and some positive effects of second- and third-year maternal employment on cognitive outcomes for non-Hispanic white children, but not for African American or Hispanic children. These effects are present even after we controlled for a range of individual and family characteristics that affect child development, including those that are likely to be correlated with maternal employment, such as breast-feeding and the use of nonmaternal child care. Controlling for family fixed effects reduces the effects of early maternal employment on some cognitive outcomes but not on others.
Phenotyping Food Entrainment: Motion Sensors and Telemetry Are Equivalent

Rats can anticipate a daily meal by entrainment of a circadian timekeeping mechanism that is anatomically separate from the light-entrainable circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. The dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (DMH) has been claimed to be critical for the expression of circadian rhythms of food anticipatory activity, but efforts to confirm this finding have so far failed. Failure to confirm that DMH ablation disrupts or eliminates food anticipatory rhythms has been attributed to the use of overhead motion sensors rather than telemetry to measure locomotor activity. To examine the relationship between motion sensor and telemetric measures of locomotor activity, transponders were implanted into the peritoneal cavity of adult male rats, and activity was recorded continuously by both telemetry and infrared motion sensors. Activity counts were ~4 fold higher as detected by telemetry, but normalized activity patterns were virtually identical for the two measures during ad-lib food access, 4 h/day food restriction and total food deprivation after food restriction. Overhead motion sensors and telemetry are equivalent measures of food anticipatory activity in rats. Telemetry is an effective tool for continuous recording of body temperature but has no advantages over infrared motion sensors for measuring food anticipatory activity rhythms.