Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Markovian Temporal Networks Working Paper : Force-Directed Layout of Non-Markovian Temporal Networks

Complex systems occurring in various disciplines are increasingly being represented, analyzed and modeled in terms of networks. When exploring the structure and function of such complex systems, the visualization of network topologies has become a standard technique. Many if not most of the systems being considered are inherently dynamic and in recent years more and more data on their dynamics are becoming available in the form of so-called dynamic, time-varying networks or temporal networks. Di erent from static representations, in such temporal networks each edge representing an interaction between two nodes has an additional time-stamp indicating when the interaction occurs. The visual exploration of such temporal networks is typically based on a time-aggregated representation in which the underlying sequence of time-varying interactions are aggregated into a static network. Compared to dynamic visualizations which show a detailed picture of a system's evolution, time-aggregate representations of temporal networks provide a number of advantages: First and foremost, it is in general easier to recognize spatial or structural patterns rather than temporal correlations. Secondly, to date there are much more options for the visualization of static networks and due to their reduced dimensionality, their handling is generally less expensive from a computational point of view. Finally, a further important aspect is the relative ease with which gures of static networks can be included in scienti c publications compared to dynamic representations. Because of these arguments, the study of time-aggregated networks is common and has proven to provide
Biomarker Selection from Gene Expression Data for Tumour Categorization Using Bat Algorithm

Microarray technology is commonly used in the study of disease diagnosis using gene expression levels. The classification of cancer is a foremost area of research in the field of bioinformatics. Microarray technology enables the researcher to investigate the expression levels of thousands of genes in a single experiment and gives the measurements of their differential expression. The main drawback of gene expression data is that it contains thousands of genes and a very few samples. Feature or gene selection methods are used to successfully extract the genes that directly involved in the classification and to eliminate irrelevant genes. These methods considerably improve the classification accuracy. The proposed method applies bat algorithm (BA) for feature selection in tumour classification. Initially, the top-10 genes are selected by T-Statistics, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and F-Test. The classifier accuracy of k-nearest neighbour (kNN) technique is used as the fitness function for BA. The simulated results are demonstrated and analyzed with 10 different cancer gene expression dataset. For Lung Cancer Michigan and Lung Harvard2 datasets the proposed method gives 100% classification accuracy with minimum number of genes. For 5 other datasets, the proposed method gives more than 90% of classification accuracy. The results show the suitability of the proposed algorithm for feature selection in cancer classification.
QUANTITATIVE FATTY ACID SIGNATURE ANALYSIS: A NEW METHOD OF ESTIMATING PREDATOR DIETS

Accurate estimates of the diets of predators are required in many areas of ecology, but for many species current methods are imprecise, limited to the last meal, and often biased. The diversity of fatty acids and their patterns in organisms, coupled with the narrow limitations on their biosynthesis, properties of digestion in monogastric animals, and the prevalence of large storage reservoirs of lipid in many predators, led us to propose the use of quantitative fatty acid signature analysis (QFASA) to study predator diets. We present a statistical model that provides quantitative estimates of the proportions of prey species in the diets of individual predators using fatty acid signatures. We conducted simulation studies using a database of 28 prey species (n = 954 individuals) from the Scotian Shelf off eastern Canada to investigate properties of the model and to evaluate the reliability with which prey could be distinguished in the model. We then conducted experiments on grey seals (Halichoerus grypus, n = 25) and harp seals (Phoca groenlandica, n = 5) to assess quantitative characteristics of fatty acid deposition and to develop calibration coefficients for individual fatty acids to account for predator lipid metabolism. We then tested the model and calibration coefficients by estimating the diets of experimentally fed captive grey seals (n = 6, switched from herring to a mackerel/capelin diet) and mink kits (Mustela vison, n = 46, switched from milk to one of three oil-supplemented diets). The diets of all experimentally fed animals were generally well estimated using QFASA and were consistent with qualitative and quantitative expectations, provided that appropriate calibration coefficients were used. In a final case, we compared video data of foraging by individual free- ranging harbor seals (Phoca vitulina, n = 23) fitted with Crittercams and QFASA estimates of the diet of those same seals using a complex ecosystem-wide prey database. Among the 28 prey species in the database, QFASA estimated sandlance to be the dominant prey species in the diet of all seals (averaging 62% of diet), followed primarily by flounders, but also capelin and minor amounts of other species, although there was also considerable individual variability among seals. These estimates were consistent with video data showing sandlance to be the predominant prey, followed by flatfish. We conclude that QFASA provides estimates of diets for individuals at time scales that are relevant to the ecological processes affecting survival, and can be used to study diet variability within individuals over time, which will provide important opportunities rarely possible with other indirect methods. We propose that the QFASA model we have set forth will be applicable to a wide range of predators and ecosystems.
The effect of syllable variation on the perception of lexical tones in Cantonese-speaking amusics

Congenital amusia is a neurogenetic disorder of fine-grained pitch processing. Though there is some evidence that this disorder extends to the language domain and negatively influences lexical tone perception, its deficiency mechanism remains unclear. This study designed a series of perception tasks to probe different levels of lexical tone perception, and expected to shed light on the mechanism underlying tone perception in amusia. Sixteen Cantonese-speaking amusics and 16 matched controls were tested on the effects of syllable variations on the perception of Cantonese tones with low variations, i.e., tones were always associated with the same syllable, versus high variations, i.e., tones were always associated with different syllables. Results of the identification task showed a trend of more pronounced group differences in the low variation condition compared to the high variation condition. In the discrimination task, the group difference was larger in the low variation condition, where more acoustic constancy was provided. These findings suggested that the amusics’ tone perception abilities, in terms of both domain-general pitch processing and high-level phonological processing are impaired. Furthermore, Cantonese-speaking amusics seemed to be more impaired in the low acoustic variation context, implying a possible ‘anchoring deficit’ in congenital amusia.
The effects of puma prey selection and specialization on less abundant prey in Patagonia

Abstract Populations of generalist foragers may in fact be composed of individuals that select different prey. We monitored 9 pumas (Puma concolor) in Chilean Patagonia using Argos–global positioning system (Argos-GPS) technology for a mean of 9.33 months ± 5.66 SD. We investigated 694 areas where puma location data were spatially aggregated, called GPS clusters, at which we identified 433 kill sites and 6 acts of scavenging. Pumas as a population specialized upon guanacos (Lama guanicoe), whereas only 7 of 9 individual pumas specialized upon guanacos. One puma specialized upon domestic sheep (Ovis aries) and 1 upon European hares (Lepus europaeus) in terms of numbers of prey killed. Male and female pumas selected different distributions of prey and pumas exhibited prey selection at both the individual and population level. Three of 9 pumas exhibited selection when we compared individual prey use to prey availability within individual pumas' home ranges. One puma selected endangered huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus) and 2 selected sheep. When we compared individual prey use to prey use at the population level, 5 of 9 pumas differed from the population norm. Whereas pumas did not select huemul at the population level, 2 individuals did select huemul. Two individuals also selected domestic sheep, and the influence of these 2 pumas was substantial enough to result in a population-level effect. Our research highlights the need to determine whether pumas exhibit individual foraging variation throughout their range, the extrinsic factors associated with (and possibly influencing) such variation, and how pumas that select rare and less abundant species in multiprey systems impact recovering prey populations.
The Use of Technology in Human Expert Domains: Challenges and Risks Arising from the Use of Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems in Forensic Science

Cognitive technologies have increased in sophistication and use, to the point of interactively collaborating and distributing cognition between technology and humans. The use of Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS), computerized databases of fingerprints, by latent fingerprint experts, is a par-excellence illustration of such a partnership in forensic investigations. However, the deployment and use of cognitive technology is not a simple matter. If a technology is going to be used to its maximum potential, we must first understand the implications and consequences of using it and make whatever adaptations are necessary both to the technology and to the way humans work with it. As we demonstrate with AFIS, latent fingerprint identification has been transformed by technology, but the strategies used by humans who work with this technology have not adequately been modified and adjusted in response to these transformations. For example, the chances that an AFIS search will produce prints with incidental similarities-i.e. that highly similar, look-alike, prints from different sources will result from an AFIS search-has not been sufficiently investigated or explored. This risk, as well as others, may mean that the use of AFIS introduces new concerns into the process of latent fingerprint identification, some of which may even increase the chances of making erroneous identifications. Only by appropriate and explicit adaptation to the new potential and the new challenges posed by the new technology will AFIS and other cognitive technologies produce efficient and effective partnerships.
Fronthauling for 5G and beyond

This chapter focused on the practical aspects of fronthauling the next generation radio access networks. One of the important characteristics of 5G RAN is likely to be an increased degree of coordination between RAN nodes in networks that are becoming more dense. In this context CRAN becomes an interesting concept with overlaps with other emerging concepts such as NFV and MEC, however realisation of CRAN and associated requirements on fronthaul are dependent on the distribution of the RAN functions between central unit and the remote unit. This chapter provided an overview of the interdependence between RAN functions through the scheduling functions within a base station. One of the main observations highlighted in this chapter is that many backhaul technologies can support 5G fronthaul requirements, however there is a significant opportunity for optimisation. In particular, while the use of CPRI can be viable for point-to-point links, associated transport overheads may be prohibitive for a dense network, especially where base stations utilise some of the proposed 5G air interface techniques such as higher order MIMO over large channel bandwidths. Provided examples of real-world split RAN operation illustrate the viability of alternative split RAN architectures that can be more efficient from deployment perspective, and invite further research in the area.
Categories of Implicit Interpersonal Communication

The purpose of the present study was to develop a set of eight nonverbal displays consistent with the eight interpersonal roles specified by Leary in 1957. The development of these displays was also based on the notion of a convergence of theory and fact based on the work of Leary, Osgood, and Schlosberg. Naive subjects' reactions to each of the eight displays were elicited on Leary's Interpersonal Check List and a simplified bipolar adjective instrument. Naive subjects placed the nonverbal displays as predicted. The present study is viewed as a first step in determining if in fact these eight displays represent major categories of nonverbal behavior used in implicit communication.
Reproducibility of Cycling Time to Exhaustion at VO 2 Max in Competitive Cyclists

Costa VP, Matos DG, Pertence LC, Martins JAN, Lima JRP. Reproducibility of Cycling Time to Exhaustion at VO2 Max in Competitive Cyclists. JEPonline 2011; 14(1):28-34. The purpose of this study was to examine the reproducibility of cycling time to exhaustion (Tmax) at maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) in competitive cyclists. Seventeen subjects (age, 36.9 ± 7.8 yrs; body mass, 71.1 ± 10.1 kg; height, 1.73 ± 0.8 cm; body fat, 13.1 ± 5.7 %; VO2 max, 54.7 ± 9.0 ml? kg? min) performed an incremental exercise test and two Tmax tests. While cycling time to exhaustion was correlated for both Tmax tests (r = 0.80, p = 0.01), the Tmax2 test (238.6 ± 33.5 sec) was significantly higher than the Tmax1 test (223.2 ± 31.3 sec, p < 0.02). Similarly, heart rate to exhaustion was correlated for both Tmax tests (r = 0.89, p = 0.01) but the difference failed to have any practical value (Tmax1 = 182 ± 8 vs. Tmax2 = 183 ± 7 bpm). The blood lactate peak from the first test (10.8 ± 2.0 mmol? l) was also correlated (r = 0.63, p = 0.07) without a significant difference between the two tests (9.8 ± 1.5 mmol? l). VO2 peak for the first test (56.5 ± 9.1 ml? kg? min) was strongly correlated (r = 0.94, p = 0.06) and did not differ from the second test (54.6 ± 7.8 ml? kg? min). These data demonstrate that the time to exhaustion (Tmax) at VO2 max in a series of two cycling tests is significantly greater than the first.
Chapter 1 Fraud Detection-Dense Subgraph Detection

Fraud behaviors can be spotted everywhere on online applications such as social networks where the behavior data can be represented as large bipartite graphs. These graphs consist of links between followers and followees. Fraudulent actions such as fake followers usually result with creating large and dense subgraphs. For example, as a large number of follower buyers buy followers from one major follower seller, these follower buyers togethor with the bot followers controled by the seller will form a subgraph with high density. Hence many existing detection methods [15, 27, 25] estimate the suspiciousness of users by identifying whether they are within a dense subgraph.
Energetics of passivity based running with high-compliance series elastic actuation

The efficiency of running gaits in nature results in large part from passive elastic oscillations on springy legs. In this paper, this principle is applied to robotic systems by endowing them with high compliance series elastic actuators in which the electric motors are decoupled from the joints by elastic elements. Periodic motor inputs excite the natural dynamic motion of the robot and create a passivity-based running motion. An optimisation algorithm minimised energy expenditure and estimated the necessary initial model states and the coefficients of a parameterised excitation function for the simulations of a two-dimensional hopping monopod and a planar bounding quadruped. Gait synthesis within this framework was analysed with respect to energy consumption, particularly as a function of running speed. Different solution groups were found, each of them corresponding to a characteristically different movement which proved to be most efficient for the corresponding speed range. This shines a different light on the meaning of ‘gait’ in the context of robotics, and directly contributes to a better understanding of the creation and exploitation of different modes of locomotion in legged robotics.
Proceedings of the third workshop on computersystems

DALIA is a formal language for the description and analysis of digital systems at a behavioural as well as a structural level of abstraction. It is based on a functional style of programming, extended with annotations for indicating system structure, accessability, and signal :flow direction. Program transformation rules are defined for rewriting DALIA descriptions to behaviourally equivalent alternatives. Since the same language is used for behavioural and structural descriptions, a smooth conversion between them can be made. The language is developed to be used as a formal basis for automated system design, adopting the following philosophy: First the (informal) requirements for the system to be designed are formalised in the DALIA notation. Next, the formal specification is stepwise transformed to a structural description of the system realisation (typically register transfer or gate level). The latter phase deals with formal descriptions and transformations, allowing a correctness by construction methodology.
Mouse spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma as a suitable model of breast cancer in Iran

Background: Breast cancer is a complicated disease and has various clinical manifestations and prognosis. The aim of this study is to make a breast cancer model suitable for basic, preclinical and clinical studies. Methods: Five virgin Bulb/c mice aged 6 weeks and spontaneous Murine Mammary Adenocarcinoma Cells (MMAC) were used. After anesthesia induction, 1-3 million of MMACs were subcutaneously injected into the mice’s right flank. Four weeks after the tumor induction, tumor size in both length and width were weekly measured using caliper for 4 weeks. Histopathology studies were done 2 months later by Scraff-Boom-Richardson grading. Results: Visible tumors were appeared after 4 weeks. Take-rate of all cells was nearly 100%. Tumor sizes reached 0.6±0.1 mm3, 1.1±0.3, 1.68±0.5 and 3±0.7 cm3 with at fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth weeks respectively. The histopathological studies using H & E method showed invasive ductal carcinoma, grade II/III. Conclusion: Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of breast cancer progression and metastasis has extremely gained from mouse models in which some stages of tumor progression are recapitulated.
Measurement of Dielectric Constant ( ε r ) and Loss Tangent ( tanδ ) of Textile Substrates .

In this paper, the design and fabrication of four types of textile substrates made by four types of textiles materials (wool, corduroy, bed sheet cotton & terry wool) are presented. The RF characteristics of these four types of textile substrates have been investigated by using micro strip ring resonator method.
Cell cycle arrest mediated by Cd-induced DNA damage in 1 Arabidopsis root tips 2

17 Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the aberrant expression of cell cycle 18 regulation and DNA repair genes can result in abnormal cell proliferation and genomic 19 instability in eukaryotic cells under different stresses. Herein, Arabidopsis thaliana 20 (Arabidopsis) seedlings were grown hydroponically on 0.5×MS media containing 21 cadmium (Cd) at 0–2.5 mg•L for 5 d of treatment. Real time quantitative reverse chain 22 reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that expression of DNA damage repair and cell 23 cycle regulation genes, including BRCA1, MRE11, WEE1, CDKA;1 and PCNA1, 24 showed an inverted U-shaped dose-response. In contrast, notably reduced expression 25 was observed for G1-to-S transition-ralated genes, Histone H4, E2Fa and PCNA2; 26 DSB end processing, GR1; and DNA mismatch repair, MSH2, MSH6 and MLH1 genes 27 in root tips exposed to 0.125-2.5 mg L Cd for 5 d. Flow cytometry (FCM) analysis 28 revealed significant increases of cells with a C nuclear content and with a C and C 29 nuclear content under Cd stresses of 0.125 and 1-2.5 mg•L, respectively. Our results 30 suggest that 0.125 mg•L Cd-induced DNA damage induced the marked G1/S arrest, 31 *Manuscript Click here to view linked References
Pathological and histopathological studies of the swimbladder of eels Anguilla anguilla infected by Anguillicola crassus (Nematoda : Dracunculoidea)

The swimbladder lesions produced by Anguillicola crassus (Nematoda) infection, causing mass mortality among eels in Lake Balaton (Hungary) were studied by histological methods. In the initial phase of infection, no severe changes developed in the swimbladder wall despite the presence and intensive blood-sucking activity of worms that filled the lumen of the swimbladder. After disruption of the worms and primarily because of repeated reinfection by larvae, however, the wall of the swimblaader markedly thickened and showed degenerative, inflammatory and proliferative changes. Acute processes were characterized by epithelial hyperplasia and hyperaemia of the swimbladder wall. In cases of chronic swimbladder inflammation, oedema and hyperplasia of tissues of the tunica propria, submucosa and serosa could be observed, as well as granulomatoid infiltration by mononuclear cells and fibrinoid degeneration around the larvae.
1 A smart irrigation tool to determine the effects of 2 ENSO on water requirements for tomato production 3 in Mozambique 4

Irrigation scheduling is used by growers to determine the right amount and timing of 14 water application. In most parts of Mozambique, 90% of the total yearly precipitation occurs from 15 November to March. The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon influences the climate 16 in Mozambique and affects the water demand for crop production. The objectives of this work were 17 to quantify the effects of ENSO phenomenon on tomato crop water requirements, and to create the 18 AgroClimate irrigation tool (http://mz.agroclimate.org/) to assist farmers in improving irrigation 19 management. This study was based on daily grid-based climate information from 1983 to 2016 from 20 the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis. Daily crop evapotranspiration was calculated by 21 Hargreaves equation and crop coefficients. This tool is available online and considers different 22 planting dates, ENSO phases, and crop growing season lengths. Irrigation needs varied from less 23 than 250 mm per growing cycle during winter to 550 mm during spring. Both El Niño and La Niña 24 influenced the irrigation scheduling, especially from November to March. El Niño periods were 25 related with increased water demand due to drier and warmer conditions while the opposite was 26 observed for La Niña. The ENSO information might be used to understand climate variability and 27 improve tomato irrigation scheduling in Mozambique. 28