Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Effective Implementation of the Nonlinear Homotopy Method for MOS Transistor Circuits

Recently, an efficient homotopy method termed the nonlinear homotopy method (NLH) has been proposed for finding DC operating points of MOS transistor circuits. This method is not only efficient but also globally convergent. However, the programming of sophisticated homotopy methods is often difficult for non-experts or beginners. In this paper, an effective method for implementing the MOS NLH method on SPICE is proposed. By this method, we can implement the MOS NLH method from a good initial solution with various efficient techniques and without programming.
Pretreatment of Crop Wastes from Edible Biomass with a Protic Ionic Liquid

The use of protic ionic liquids (PILs) in biomass processing has attracted significant attention in the recent years due to their synthesis in a relatively cheaper and easier way in comparison with their aprotic counterparts. In this study, PIL, triethylammmonium hydrogen sulfate (TEAHSO 4 ) was explored in terms of its effects on the deconstruction of industrial crop wastes; corn cob, corn husk and wheat bran. Characterization of the pretreated biomass samples via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and compositional analysis demonstrated structural changes and improvements in the cellulose content of the biomass. TEAHSO 4 led to favorable modifications in the composition of wheat bran. It enhanced cellulose content of wheat bran from 40% to 60%, through removal of 67% of the lignin present in the biomass. Pretreated biomass samples were evaluated in terms of their conversion to glucose. At the 24 th hour of the enzymatic reaction, cellulose in the pretreated corn cob, corn husk and wheat bran samples were converted into glucose with roughly 85%, 71% and 96% yields, respectively. TEAHSO 4 pretreatment enhanced the enzymatic accessibility of wheat bran almost 10-fold. Ionic liquid media recovered following the pretreatments were analyzed for their content regarding the platform chemicals; 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and levulinic acid (LA). The highest yield for 5-HMF was obtained as 47% in the ionic liquid medium obtained upon TEAHSO 4 pretreatment of corn husk. On the other hand, corn cob pretreatment resulted in the highest LA yield which was 93%.
A refined protocol for calculating air flow rate of naturally-ventilated broiler barns based on co2 mass balance

This study was conducted to evaluate relatively simple protocols for monitoring ventilation rate (VR) in naturally-ventilated barns (NVB). The test protocols were first applied to a mechanically-ventilated broiler barn (MVB), where VR was estimated more accurately and then were used to calculate VR in the NVB. CO 2 concentrations were measured with two different sampling schemes: (S1) the average of indoor measurements along the length of the building at two heights of 0.5 m and 1.5 m from the litter floor; and (S2) same as previous but with concentration measurements taken only at 0.5 m from litter. The dynamic metabolic CO 2 production rate of the birds was predicted with two different algorithms: (A1) remaining constant throughout the dark and light periods, and (A2) varying with animal activity on an hourly basis. The results demonstrated that the combination of S2 with A1 or A2 yielded the best estimate of building VR in the NVB.
Relationships among Measures of Speech Intelligibility in Rooms

The speech transmission index, the useful-to-detrimental ratio, and the percent articulation loss of consonants are three quite different types of measures of speech intelligibility in rooms. They each combine a measure of the speech-to-noise ratio and a measure of the room acoustics to better relate to speech intelligibility in rooms. Values of all three types of measures were calculated from 91 room impulse responses obtained from a wide range of acoustical conditions, and for different speech-to-noise ratios. Several forms of these measures are shown to be reasonably well related to each other. The calculated regression equations relating the various measures of speech intelligibility permit practical conversions among the measures.
WCPG: A Central Pattern Generator for Legged Robots Based on Workspace Intentions

In this paper it is proposed a central pattern generator (CPG) based on workspace intentions, where the parameters of modulation have physical meaning and the walking can be adapted to overcome irregular terrains by changing few parameters. The walking features are independently modulated since there is no coupling relationship among WCPG parameters. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the WCPG performance for a simplified quadruped robot model in different terrains.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
The analysis of natural gemstones and their synthetic counterparts using analytical spectroscopy methods.

Abstract Prompted by the increasing number, sophistication and quality of laboratory-grown gemstones; gemology has evolved into an individual science, incorporating the likes of biology and chemistry into its discipline. Synthetic gem materials are commonly encountered today in the jewellery industry and are becoming increasingly difficult to distinguish from their natural counterparts. A new approach is needed towards identification as traditional methods have shown to produce inconclusive results. The focus of this research is directed to some of the major commercial gemstones; ruby, sapphire, emerald and spinel to ensure the integrity of the international gemstone market. Raman spectroscopy makes for a useful analytical tool for the study of gemstones as it requires a small amount of material and short measurement times, no sample preparation and is non-destructive. For this work, a review of a laboratory Raman spectrometer equipped with 532nm and 780nm lasers respectively, and a portable Raman system with a 785nm laser applied in the gemology field is provided. Many examples are given of the use of Raman spectroscopy as an identification tool; primarily focussing on natural versus synthetic gems and the various types of synthetics produced using different manufacturing methods. Repetitive measurements conducted under an identical instrumental operation confirm the reliability of the results as Raman bands are found at correct wavenumber positions within a ±5cm-1 parameter compared to reference values in literature. Results of the laboratory Raman spectrometer show the instrument is capable of origin determination of gems of the same colour and for differentiating between natural and synthetic gemstones. A choice of two lasers proved useful as emerald analysis was only possible with the 532nm laser. The portable Raman system was able to distinguish between the different types of stones; however it proved less sensitive than the laboratory instrument as it could not distinguish between natural and synthetic gemstones.
Antioxidant Activity and In-vitro Cytotoxicity Study of Novel Dombeya wallichii (An invasive plant) against Human Lung Cancer Cell Line

Recent research is focusing on the search for new types of natural chemotherapeutic agents derived from plants which are proving to be excellent sources of new compounds. The present research article was aimed to study the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts of Dombeya wallichii, which is an invasive plant (Plants that do not occur naturally in a region but proliferate in the area they have been introduced into) by DPPH radical scavenging method which exhibited antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 744.04 µg /ml. The cytotoxic activity of ethanolic extracts from the leaves of Dombeya wallichii, by in-vitro cytotoxic assays like MTT against lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line A549 which exhibited anticancer activity with IC50 value of 2.50 µg /ml concentration. This study creates the awareness about this plant which is having potential antioxidant activity, cytotoxic activity and the outcomes propose that D. wallichii as a potential source of alternative medication drugs for treating cancer. Further research is required to find out the effective mechanisms responsible for anticancer properties and for curating the therapeutic benefits of the less explored and exploited invasive species.
The implications of ‘jam’ and other ideation technologies for organisational decision making

Abstract New advances in collaborative technologies, often grouped under the umbrella term ‘web 2.0’, are changing the opportunity space for organisational collaboration and decision making. Research and development can now be outsourced to external self-organising communities of scientists, new business models rely wholly on content created by end users and customers are increasingly asked for input to the development of new products and services. The way in which many strategic and operational decisions are made, once the sole prevail of executive management, is being challenged by new forms of knowledge, expertise and opinion from non-management employees, and increasingly, from those outside the organisation such as customers, partners and suppliers. The widespread adoption of web 2.0 technologies and their increasing use in the business context, in other words, is creating an inevitable tension between traditional ‘top-down’ strategic decision-making principles and ‘bottom-up’, ad hoc and sometimes unstructured collaborative processes. This paper examines recent changes to the innovation process and the advent of so-called fifth generation innovation, and discusses the way in which web 2.0 technologies are further evolving these models, highlighting that ideation technologies are an important part of the new breed of so-called innovation technologies. It then explores the particular example of jam events, which bring together a targeted group of participants on the web for a time-limited period to respond to a specific challenge, defined by decision-makers, with ideas, opinions and votes in a socially mediated process. The final section introduces the concept of co-created strategy, and discusses the factors required for an organisation to build the absorptive capacity needed to truly take advantage of the new knowledge created by ideation technologies.
Optimal Location and Orientation for Midrange and High Frequency Loudspeakers in the Instrument Panel of an Automotive Interior

In a follow-up to a previous paper (AES Preprint 8023, May 2010) [1] using the modeling process described there for modeling loudspeakers in an automotive interior, the optimization of midrange and of high frequency tweeter loudspeakers’ positions for best acoustic performance in the driver's side (left) and passenger's side (right) of automotive instrument panel is reported on.
Three Horizons for the Sustainable Development Goals: A Cross-scale Participatory Approach for Sustainability Transformations

Navigating towards safe, just and sustainable futures poses an overarching challenge for human societies. At the global scale, addressing this challenge has been conceptualized as reaching the 2030 Agenda within planetary boundaries. However, global definitions of related goals and pathways to reach them have been criticised as not being sensitive to context and thus not relatable to communities at sub-global scales. To avoid this, solutions discussed in international fora need to be contextualized and informed by locally prevalent worldviews, values and contexts.This paper introduces a stakeholder-based approach for visioning and exploring sustainable development pathways to meet the 2030 Agenda ambitions - the Three Horizons for the SDGs (3H4SDG). The approach combines the Three Horizons framework with multi-scale scenario and systems thinking approaches. 3H4SDG facilitates explorations of (a) alternative pathways to reach the SDGs in an integrated way; and (b) convergences and divergences between the pathways and across scales. The convergence analysis provides information on common premises and actions that are perceived to be the consensus of all pathways. The divergences may entail branching points of different future pathways, representing issues to be further deliberated at different levels.We illustrate 3H4SDG on the case study of the 2018 African Dialogue on The World In 2050, which discussed how transforming the food and agricultural systems in Africa could contribute to reaching the 2030 Agenda goals. We detail the premises and steps of the 3H4SDG approach. We also summarize the results of our pilot application. The results incorporate a set of convergences and divergences among the explored future pathways, including divergences in relation to urbanization, population growth, consumption changes and the future role of the agriculture sector in the African economy. We conclude that participatory approaches grounded in systems thinking represent a promising way to link local aspirations and values with global goals.
Coil connections and winding factors in flux‐switching PM brushless AC machines

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the phase coil connections and winding factors of flux‐switching permanent magnet (FSPM) brushless AC machines with all poles and alternate poles wound, and different combinations of stator and rotor pole numbers.Design/methodology/approach – The coil‐emf vectors, which are widely used for analyzing the conventional fractional‐slot PM machines with non‐overlapping windings, are employed for FSPM machines.Findings – Although the coil‐emf vectors have been employed to obtain coil connections in the conventional fractional‐slot PM machines, they are different in FSPM machines. It is mainly due to different polarities in the stator of FSPM machines. In addition, from the coil‐emf vectors it is able to predict whether the back‐emf waveforms are symmetrical or asymmetric.Originality/value – This is the first time that coil‐emf vectors are used to determine the coil connections and winding factors in FSPM machines with different topologies and combination of stat.
Soil-Structure Interaction in Buildings from Earthquake Records

An evaluation of the response of a fourteen story reinforced concrete building to the 1 October 1987 Whittier earthquake and 4 October 1987 aftershock shows significant effects of soil-structure interaction. A mathematical model of the building-foundation-soil system provides response quantities not directly available from the records. The model is calibrated using the dynamic properties of the building as determined from the processed strong motion records. Soil-structure interaction reduces the base shear force in the longitudinal direction of the building compared with the typical assumption in which interaction is neglected. The reduction in base shear for this building and earthquake is approximately represented by proposed building code provisions for soil-structure interaction.
Equivalent Modeling and Simulation of Large Photovoltaic Station

In power system analysis, the large PV station cannot be simply considered as the load, while the dynamic behavior of power electronic circuit must be considered. In response to this question, the dynamic model of PV generation unit and the dynamic equivalent strategy of large PV station are described. The dynamic model of a real large PV system and associated simulation results based on the real-time digital simulator (RTDS) are also given. The work of this paper is valued to closed loop testing of new protection and controller adapted to power system with high renewable energy penetration.
The Usefulness of PET/CT In Detecting and Managing Cancers With Unknown Primary Site Depends on Histological Subtype

Introduction: We assessed the role of PET/CT in identifying and managing cancer of unknown primary site (CUP). Methods: We reviewed 64 patients' PET/CT scans with CUP performed during 2012–2019. Results: The median age was 65 years. Of 138-FDG-avid lesions, the mean SUVmax was10.6±6.0. Primary tumors (PT) were detected in 28(44%) patients. Detection was positive in only one(10%) patient with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) histology, compared to 4/14(29%) with poorly differentiated carcinoma, 4/9(44%) with adenocarcinoma, 18/30(60%) of those for whom the origin could be presumed (p= 0.034 for SCC compared to other histologies). The mean age, mean SUVmax, and the distribution of organ involvement were similar between patients with and without discovered PTs, and also between patients with SCC and with the other histologies combined. However, those with SCC were less likely than the others to present with multi-lesion involvement, p<0.001. PET/CT interpretations apparently affected treatment of 8/28(29%) patients with PT detected and in none of the 35 whose PT was not discovered, p<0.001. Conclusion: PET/CT detected PT in almost half of CUP. However, it did not appear beneficial in those with SCC histology. PET/CT showed limited overall value in guiding clinical management but benefited a subgroup with discovered PT.
Valid properties of truncated Student-t regression model with applications in analysis of censored data

Kim (2008) introduced an incorrect stochastic representation (SR) for the truncated Student-t (Tt) random variable. By pointing out that the gamma mixture based on a truncated normal distribution actually cannot result in a true Tt distribution, in this paper, we first propose three correct SRs and then recalculate the corresponding moments of the Tt distribution. Different from those derived by following the invalid SR of Kim (2008), the correct moments of the Tt distribution play a crucial role in parameter estimations. Based on the third SR proposed and the correct expressions of truncated moments, expectation–maximization (EM) algorithms are developed for calculating the maximum likelihood estimates of parameters in the Tt distribution. Extensions to a Tt regression model and a t interval–censored regression model are provided as well. Simulated experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed methods. Finally, two real data analyses corroborate the theoretical results.
Carbon Black Conductive Composite Based Resistance-Temperature Measurement System Using AT89S51

AT89S51 microcontroller based carbon black conductive composite materials resistance-temperature measurement system is designed, which achieves the measurements of resistance and temperature with the help of thermocouple amplifier chip AD595. Describe the hardware and software design, especial the acquisition of temperature and resistance and the display process. The experimental results show that the system can easily and accurately measure the resistance and temperature and the metrical data validate the PTC properties of carbon black conductive composite.
In-bore Dynamic Response Analysis of a SLEKE I Projectile Fired from the Single Shot Gun (SSG) Railgun

Abstract : Recently, Kaman Sciences Inc. experienced an in-bore failure of its Rodman cone projectile design in the single shot gun (SSG) railgun at Maxwell Laboratories as part of the SLEKE projectiles program. This projectile design had been successfully launched from a conventional powder gun at axial acceleration levels exceeding those encountered during the electromagnetic (EM) launch which resulted in the failure. As part of the investigation into this failure, an in-bore dynamics code, RASCAL, was utilized to determine the magnitude of the lateral loads encountered. While RASCAL is capable of computing bending and shear responses, it cannot provide detailed stress and strain data through the projectile. What the analysis did show was that for the EM case, the lateral loads were ten times greater than those typical of conventional gun systems and certainly contributed to the cause of failure. A kink in the rail centerline profile was found to initiate large transverse and pitching accelerations of the projectile. Details of the analysis and the ramifications of bore non-straightness on the Rodman cone projectile design are presented in this report.
RELACIONES ENTRE BRUCHIDAE (COLEOPTERA) Y POBLACIONES SILVESTRES DE PHASEOLUS (LEGUMINOSAE: PHASEOLINAE) EN EL NORTE DE MORELOS, MEXICO

Las relaciones entre poblaciones silvestres de tres Phaseolus (P. vu/garis, P. coccineus y P. lunaíu^ y sus predadores Bruchidae (Acanthoscelides obtectus , A. pbvelatus, A. argillaceus y Zabrotes subfasciatudi han sido estudiadas en 16 localidades del norte del estado de Morelos, México. las muestras recolectadas en distintas fechas dentro del período de maduración de las vainas indican que a los tres Phaseolus los ataca por lo menos una especie de gorgojo. Hay una alta variabilidad en las tasas de ataque a las semillas, según la localidad y el período de colecta. la distribución cuaiitativa y cuantitativa de las especies de gorgojos presentes sobre las especies de Phaseolus se detalla. En particular, se muestra que A obtectus es un depredador de P. vulgaris y P. coccineus silvestres, por igual que su especie gemela A obvelatus. los resultados sugieren que el estudio de la relación actual entre Phaseolus y Bruchidae deberá ser analizado en función de la distribución (climática, espacio-temporal) de las poblaciones silvestres y cultivadas de cada especie de Phaseofusr, integrando a los himenópteros parasítoides presentes en la zona, y tomando en cuenta la cuestión del origen y la evolución de las plantas huéspedes y sus depredadores.
Using Emulsigen-D as Recent Adjuvant in Trivalent Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine

The immunity and protective capability produced by vaccines can vary remarkably according to the kinds of adjuvant being used. Through this work three formulae of the inactivated trivalent FMD vaccine (O pan Asia, A Iran O5, and SAT2 / EGY/2012) were prepared using different adjuvants including Emulsigen®D; Montanid ISA 206 and Emulsigen®-D (ED) with aluminum hydroxide gel (ALOH). All of these vaccine formulae were found to be free from foreign contaminants and safe. Also, each vaccine formula was injected in a separate sheep group and serum samples were collected along 38-week post-vaccination for tracing of antibodies against FMDV serotypes by serum neutralization test (SNT) and enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). Results of SNT and ELISA revealed that the onset of protective antibody titer was achieved early in the Emulsigen® and Emulsigen® with ALOH gel vaccinated groups as it starts at 2nd -week post-vaccination while the onset of protective antibody titer in Montanide ISA 206 vaccinated group started at 3rd-week postvaccination. Concerning the highest peak antibody titer values were induced by Emulsigen®-D with aluminum hydroxide gel on 8th-week postvaccination followed by Emulsigen®-D on 10th-week post-vaccination and lastly for Montanid ISA 206 on 12th-week post-vaccination. Concerning the duration of protective immunity against the three serotypes of FMDV included in the vaccine, the results revealed that the longest duration was achieved by the Emulsigen® D alone and with the ALOH adjuvanted vaccines as it lasts for 36-week post vaccination as recorded by the SNT values. The Montanide ISA 206 adjuvanted vaccine group protective SNT antibody titer against the three serotypes lasts for 32weeks post vaccination. Depending on these findings, it could be concluded that Emulsigen®-D and with aluminum hydroxide gel induce the superior immune response of sheep to the trivalent FMD vaccine over the Montanide ISA 206 adjuvanted trivalent FMD vaccine.
Microwave Tomography Application and Approaches – A Review

The objective of this paper is to review microwave tomography based on its field, application and antennas approaches. Researches on microwave tomography system have been done unceasingly for several decades especially in determine the dielectric properties for the material. Firstly, the dielectric properties and its influencing factors will be briefly described. Besides, although it has the potential to overcome other process tomography system, it still have some drawbacks. So, the general advantages and disadvantages are listed. Next, survey on the application of microwave tomography and type of antennas used will be discussed. Followed by the trend for the future.