Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and replication of micro-optical structures for growth of GaN-based light emitting diodes

GaN light emitting diodes (LEDs) on sapphire substrates can be improved by micro-patterning substrate to perform epitaxial over-growth which drastically reduces defects' density in the light emitting region. We patterned Al2O3 with focused ion beam and show a successful overgrowth of GaN. The exact shape of pattern milled into Al2O3 was replicated into a 0.4-mm-thick shim of Ni by electroplating. The surface roughness of Ni was ~5:5 ±2 nm and is applicable for the most demanding replication of nano-rough surfaces. This technique can be used to replicate at micro-optical elements Fresnel-axicons defined by electron beam lithography made on sub-1 mm areas without stitching errors (Raith EBL). Shimming of macro-optical elements such as car back- reflectors is also demonstrated. Ni-shimming opens possibility to make replicas of nano-textured small and large area patterns and use them for thermal embossing and molding of optically-functionalized micro-fluidic chips and macro-optical elements.
Color-Coded Microspheres and Histological Analysis for Cerebral Mapping: An Experimental Model

Background: The integration of histology and microcirculation in real time through specific regions of the brain is a challenging concept that has not been reported before. This study describes for first time a brain-mapping model that superimposes regional microvascular blood flow (RMBF) analysis with immunohistochemistry analysis in an experimental ovine model. Methods: Five Merino sheep were instrumented, ventilated and cardiovascularly supported according to local guidelines. Two ultrasound catheter sheaths were inserted into the right internal jugular vein for the introduction of an intracardiac echocardiography probe and transeptal catheter, as previously described. For the analysis of RMBF, color-coded microspheres were injected into the left atrium while a reference blood sample was extracted from the femoral artery. After euthanasia and fixation with formalin, the brain was used as proof of principle and the endpoint for determination of microcirculation and histology analysis at different time points. An antero-posterior slicing strategy of the sheep brain differentiated even-numbered from odd-numbered slices. For the histology analysis, immunohistochemistry applied to odd-numbered slices used amyloid precursor protein (APP) antibodies and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Simultaneously, even-numbered slices were dedicated for cytometric quantification of RMBF. Results: Homogeneous allocation of microspheres to different regions of the brain over time with no statistical difference between slices and RMBF count was found. In addition, immunohistochemistry showed baseline staining, confirming a state of normal cerebral perfusion. Conclusions: This study has demonstrated the feasibility and reproducibility of a brain-mapping model that superimposes RMBF data and immunohistochemistry data over time, establishing a new experimental model. J Neurol Res. 2014;4(1):7-14 doi: http://dx.doi. org/ 10.14740 / jnr256w
Training in IVR: investigating the effect of instructor design on social presence and performance of the VR user

We investigate instructor representations (IRs) in the context of virtual trainings with head mounted displays (HMD). Despite the recently increased industry and research focus on virtual training in immersive virtual reality (IVR), the effect of IRs on the performer (VR user) has received little attention. We present the results of a study (N=33), evaluating the effect of three IRs - webcam, avatar and sound-only - on social presence (SP) and performance (PE) of the VR user during task completion. Our results show that instructor representation has an effect on SP and that, contrary to our assumption based on prior work, it affects performance negatively.
Adjoint Sensitivity of an Ocean General Circulation Model to Bottom Topography

Abstract Bottom topography, or more generally the geometry of the ocean basins, is an important ingredient in numerical ocean modeling. With the help of an adjoint model, it is shown that scalar diagnostics or objective functions in a coarse-resolution model, such as the transport through Drake Passage, the strength of the Atlantic Ocean meridional overturning circulation, the Deacon cell, and the meridional heat transport across 32°S, are sensitive to bottom topography as much as they are to surface boundary conditions. For example, adjoint topography sensitivities of the transport through Drake Passage are large in choke-point areas such as the Crozet–Kerguelen Plateau and south of New Zealand; the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation is sensitive to topography in the western boundary region of the North Atlantic Ocean and along the Scotland–Iceland Ridge. Many sensitivities are connected to steep topography and can be interpreted in terms of bottom form stress, that is, the product of bottom pre.
MULTIPLE IDENTITIES: THE INTERSECTION OF WOMANISM AND ETHNICITY IN A DIVERSE SAMPLE OF WOMEN by ERIN

The present study aims to examine the interconnectedness of multiple aspects of identity in a population of women of color. The research specifically investigated the relationship between womanist and ethnic identity in a sample of 198 women who identified as either Latina or African American. All were either undergraduate or graduate students from a large, Southeastern university. Participants’ ethnic and womanist identity attitudes were measured using the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM), the Womanist Identity Attitudes Scale (WIAS), and a demographic questionnaire. Based on previous research, it was hypothesized that identification as either Latina or African American would not significantly impact scoring on the WIAS or MEIM. In addition, it was predicted the WIAS would exhibit poor psychometric properties and that it would be determined that a new factor structure is required for the WIAS to be considered structurally valid. Results of this study supported the hypothesis that the WIAS exhibited poor reliability. An exploratory factor analysis determined that the scale consists of heterogeneous items that did not load onto a single factor. The subscales were correlated in a manner that was contradictory to the premise of the womanist model and do not seem representative of the experiences of the women of the sample. The current research represents an important step in statistically confirming that the WIAS has poor structural validity and that alterations need to be completed in order to improve its psychometric properties. Further implications of the research will be discussed, as well as recommendations for future research. INDEX WORDS: Womanist Identity, Ethnic Identity, Women of color, Exploratory factor analysis MULTIPLE IDENTITIES: THE INTERSECTION OF WOMANISM AND ETHNICITY IN A DIVERSE SAMPLE OF WOMEN
Optimization of decentralized quantizers in rate constrained data fusion systems

A common model for distributed detection systems is that of several separated sensors each of which measures some observable, quantizes it, and communicates to a fusion center the quantized observation. The fusion center collects the quantized observations and takes the decision. This paper deals with the design of the quantizers when the channels between the sensors and the fusion center are subject to capacity constraints. The system of interest allows soft nonbreakpoint quantizers and nonindependent observations. The authors investigate two optimization techniques. The first technique finds a local minimum of the average misclassification risk by alternate optimization. The computational cost of the technique is exponential in the sum of the rates of the quantizers. To overcome this difficulty a second technique based on a neural approach is presented, where a local minimum of the average misclassification risk is found by a stochastic approximation method.
EyeSite: A Framework for Browser-Based Eye Tracking Studies

The growing use of the web browser in HCI and data visualization presents an opportunity for advancement in eye tracking experiment software. Interactive experiments with features such as dynamic areas of interest and scrolling are difficult and time consuming to analyze with existing tools. EyeSite builds on open-source eye tracking software by communicating in real time with the web browser. This communication is used to transform screen-space gaze coordinates into coordinates on the web page. Point-to-element mapping is performed using DOM elements. EyeSite supports a wide variety of eye tracking hardware and software, remote experimental trials, and easy integration with common research workflows.
Patronage and perceived efficacy of herbal antityphoid preparations, and anti-salmonella activity of a herbal preparation used in Ghana -

Article history: Objectives: To assess the patronage, and the perceived efficacy of herbal preparations in the treatment of typhoid fever, and to ascertain the anti-salmonella activity of a herbal preparation used as an antityphoid in Ghana. Materials and Methods: Purposively and conveniently from 700, 65 individuals who had had typhoid fever (clinically confirmed) were sampled. Well-structured questionnaires on the subject were administered to sampled individuals. Experimentally, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of a herbal antityphoid preparation on Salmonella typhi was determined using the broth dilution method. Results: 46/65 (70.8%) used herbal preparations (19 used pre-packaged products; 27 used extemporaneous preparations) while 19/65 (29.2%) used orthodox drugs to treat their infection. Some of the herbs commonly used were Nauclea latifolia, Morinda lucida, Paullinia pinnata, Vernonia amygdalina, Cassia alata, Phyllantus fraternus, Azadirachta indica, Mangifera indica, and Carica papaya. Majority, 42/45 (91.3%), recovered after the use of the herbal anti- typhoid products (laboratory confirmation), 7/42 (15.2%) had relapse within three months, 9/45 (19.6%) experienced mild side effects. Experimentally, both the prepared herbal mixture and ciprofloxacin had MICs of 4 and 2 µg/µl respectively. Conclusion: Herbal anti-typhoid preparations are highly patronized and have been found to be efficacious. Experimentally the herbal mixture prepared showed interesting anti-salmonella activity.
Coupling Cloud Processes with the Large-Scale Dynamics Using the Cloud-Resolving Convection Parameterization (CRCP)

Abstract A formal approach is presented to couple small-scale processes associated with atmospheric moist convection with the large-scale dynamics. The approach involves applying a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model in each column of a three-dimensional large-scale model. In the spirit of classical convection parameterization, which assumes scale separation between convection and the large-scale flow, the cloud-resolving models from neighboring columns interact only through the large-scale dynamics. This approach is referred to as Cloud-Resolving Convection Parameterization (CRCP). In short, CRCP involves many two-dimensional cloud-resolving models interacting in a manner consistent with the large-scale dynamics. The approach is first applied to the idealized problem of a convective–radiative equilibrium of a two-dimensional nonrotating atmosphere in the presence of SST gradients. This simple dynamical setup allows comparison of CRCP simulations with the cloud-resolving model results. In these tests, t.
Modelling species diversity through species level hierarchical modelling

Summary. Understanding spatial patterns of species diversity and the distributions of individ‐ual species is a consuming problem in biogeography and conservation. The Cape floristic region of South Africa is a global hot spot of diversity and endemism, and the Protea atlas project, with about 60 000 site records across the region, provides an extraordinarily rich data set to model patterns of biodiversity. Model development is focused spatially at the scale of 1′ grid cells (about 37 000 cells total for the region). We report on results for 23 species of a flowering plant family known as Proteaceae (of about 330 in the Cape floristic region) for a defined subregion. Using a Bayesian framework, we developed a two‐stage, spatially explicit, hierarchical logistic regression. Stage 1 models the potential probability of presence or absence for each species at each cell, given species attributes, grid cell (site level) environmental data with species level coefficients, and a spatial random effect. The second level of the hierarchy models the probability of observing each species in each cell given that it is present. Because the atlas data are not evenly distributed across the landscape, grid cells contain variable numbers of sampling localities. Thus this model takes the sampling intensity at each site into account by assuming that the total number of times that a particular species was observed within a site follows a binomial distribution. After assigning prior distributions to all quantities in the model, samples from the posterior distribution were obtained via Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. Results are mapped as the model‐estimated probability of presence for each species across the domain. This provides an alternative to customary empirical ‘range‐of‐occupancy’ displays. Summing yields the predicted richness of species over the region. Summaries of the posterior for each environmental coefficient show which variables are most important in explaining the presence of species. Our initial results describe biogeographical patterns over the modelled region remarkably well. In particular, species local population size and mode of dispersal contribute significantly to predicting patterns, along with annual precipitation, the coefficient of variation in rainfall and elevation.
Electro-optics and Infrared Image Registration using Gaussian Pyramids

Image registration is a spatial alignment of two or more im- ages and essential technology in image fusion, surveillance. Unlike the electro-optics (EO) sensor, infrared (IR) sensor absorbs the radiation energy. The relation between IR and EO image of pixel intensity is sometimes similar or often reverse. To overcome this complicated prob- lem, we propose block-based processing incorporating corner detector and descriptor. This method also uses the Gaussian pyramids to register EO/IR image. The proposed method provides more accurate registration results.
A UNIVERSAL PARTICLE ENCODING ARCHITECTURE

Polymer microparticles with unique, decodable identities are versatile information carriers with a small footprint. Widespread incorporation into industrial processes, however, is limited by a tradeoff between encoding density, scalability and decoding robustness in diverse physicochemical environments. We report the rational design of an encoding strategy that combines spatial patterning of rare-earth upconversion nanocrystals (UCNs) and portable CCDbased decoding to distinguish particles synthesized via flow lithography. This architecture exhibits large, exponentially scalable encoding capacities (>10 6 ), an ultralow decoding false alarm rate (<10 -9 ), the ability to manipulate particles via applied magnetic fields, and dramatic insensitivity to both particle chemistry and harsh processing conditions.
Antioxidant Properties of Acerola ( Malpighia Emarginata Dc . ) and Acerola squash

Antioxidant activity (DPPH radical activity, reducing power, SOA activity, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content) were evaluated in Indian variety of acerola and its squash. The average scavenging DPPH radical activity, reducing power assay and super oxide anion radical activity of acerola fruit ranges from 89.12 ± 0.42% inhibition, 3.047±0.01absorption, 71.110±1.68%, and acerola squash was reported relatively less antioxidant properties. Total phenolic and total flavonid content of fruit is high and reported 809.143±37.792 μg of PE (pyrocatechol equivalent) and 47.947±0.358 μg RE (Rutin equivalent) respectively. Hence acerola squash serves as functional fruit beverage and available in off season.
The fractal finite element method for added‐mass‐type problems

The fractal finite element method (FFEM), originally developed for calculating stress intensity factors in fracture mechanics problems, has been extended to analyse fluid–structure interaction in the form of added‐mass‐type problems. These include the free vibration of a submerged spherical shell and the interaction between a dam and a reservoir. For the former problem, the numerical solution from the FFEM agrees well with the analytical solution, and the FFEM performed better than conventional finite elements and infinite elements in terms of efficiency. For the latter problem, the FFEM predicted an added mass profile that is different from that based on Westergaard's parabolic solution. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trajectory-based 3D Convolutional Descriptors for Action Recognition in Videos

This article presents a new method for video representation, called trajectory based 3D convolutional descriptor (TCD), which incorporates the advantages of both deep learned features and hand-crafted features. We utilize deep architectures to learn discriminative convolutional feature maps, and conduct trajectory constrained pooling to aggregate these convolutional features into effective descriptors. Firstly, valid trajectories are generated by tracking the interest points within co-motion super-pixels. Secondly, we utilize the 3D ConvNet (C3D) to capture both motion and appearance information in the form of convolutional feature maps. Finally, feature maps are transformed by using two normalization methods, namely channel normalization and spatiotemporal normalization. Trajectory constrained sampling and pooling are used to aggregate deep learned features into descriptors. The proposed (TCD) contains high discriminative capacity compared with hand-crafted features and is able to boost the recognition performance. Experimental results on benchmark datasets demonstrate that our pipeline obtains superior performance over conventional algorithms in terms of both efficiency and accuracy.
BringItDown:A Smart Download Manager

The HTTP protocol supports requests for downloading partial segments of a remote file. Commercial download managers take advantage of this feature by downloading large files on a remote server in chunks with the help of multiple parallel connections, resulting in an enhanced download speed. However, there has been little work on finding the optimal allocation of segments to threads or the optimal number of parallel connections. Our contributions are two-fold. We observed that existing download managers tend to perform poorly near the end of a download. Our first contribution, dynamic segmentation, is a way to fix this problem by reassigning threads to help other threads upon task completion. is dynamic segmentation, which fixes this problem. Furthermore, we note that each parallel connection takes processing power to run in a separate thread, and the marginal gain from adding new a connection is low when many other connections have already been established. Our second contribution, smart segmentation, is the application of online learning to finding the optimal number of connections. We implement dynamic segmentation along with two different learning algorithms and evaluate them by comparing their performance to the approach used in existing download managers, e.g. the ones built into common web browsers as well as extensions and stand-alone apps. When downloading large files, our implementation outperforms common browsers by at least 45%, and several commercial download managers by at least 50%. 1 1An interesting observation is that Firefox, which was the best browser in terms of download speed of large files, seems to outperform the standalone download managers we tested, despite the fact that these third party apps are dedicated to download acceleration.
Effects of Initial State on Opinion Formation in Complex Social Networks with Noises

Opinion formation in complex social networks may exhibit complex system dynamics even when based on some simplest system evolution models. An interesting and important issue is the effects of the initial state on the final steady-state opinion distribution. We show that, while different initial opinion distributions certainly make differences to opinion evolution in social systems without noises, in systems with noises, given enough time, different initial states basically do not contribute to making any significant differences in the final steady state. Instead, it is the basal distribution of the preferred opinions that contributes to deciding the final state of the systems. Such an observation contradicts with a long-term belief on the roles of system initial state in opinion formation. We propose some brief discussions on the reasons supporting our statement, and the implications of such an observation in real-life applications.
Generation of the attosecond extreme ultraviolet supercontinuum by a polarization gating

We report the first demonstration of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) supercontinuum generation in the plateau region of the high-order harmonic spectrum indicative of a single attosecond pulse. It was accomplished by combining the generation of sub-10 fs laser pulses with the polarization gating of high harmonic generation. When an 8 fs pulse centred at 750 nm was split and delayed with a quartz plate and then recombined with a quarter waveplate, a laser pulse was created whose polarization varied rapidly from circular to linear and back to circular. The near-linearly polarized portion of the resultant pulse was only 1.3 fs long, which was much shorter than the laser pulse duration. Since the high-order harmonic generation process is susceptible to the ellipticity of the driving field, the pulse with a time-dependent ellipticity behaved like a half-cycle linearly polarized pulse for generating XUV radiation. By exciting argon gas with the pulse, a supercontinuum that covered 25–45 nm was produced, which corresponds to an estimated single 200 as pulse.
On the Broadhurst-Kreimer generating series for multiple zeta values

Let F denote the free polynomial algebra F = Q〈s3, s5, s7, . 〉 on non-commutative variables si for odd i ≥ 3. The algebra F is weight-graded by letting sn be of weight n; we write Fn for the weight n part. In this paper we put a “special” decreasing depth filtration F = F ⊃ F ⊃ · · · ⊃ F ⊃ F · · · on F , based on the period polynomials associated to cusp forms on SL2(Z). We define a lattice L of particular combinatorially defined subspaces of F , and conjecture that this lattice is distributive. Assuming this conjecture, we show that the dimensions of the weight n filtered quotients Fd n/F d+1 n are given by the coefficients of the well-known Broadhurst-Kreimer generating series, defined by them to predict dimensions for the algebra of multiple zeta values. We end by explaining the expected relationship between F equipped with the special depth filtration and the algebras of formal and motivic multiple zeta values.