Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influência das frações de areia na retenção e disponibilidade de água em solos das formações Caiuá e Paranavaí

Tem sido verificado que a adocao das tecnicas de uso e manejo para solos derivados do arenito Caiua no noroeste do Parana nem sempre corresponde as expectativas de producao das culturas. Nessa regiao ocorrem duas Formacoes desse arenito: a Caiua e a Paranavai, com diferencas na granulometria dos solos. A hipotese e de que os solos da Formacao Caiua tenham menor retencao e disponibilidade de agua para a producao agricola, em razao da maior proporcao da fracao de areia grossa do que solos da Formacao Paranavai. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a retencao e disponibilidade de agua do solo em integracao lavoura-pecuaria e cultivado com abacaxi em solos do arenito das Formacoes Caiua e Paranavai, no noroeste do Parana. Em 2010, foram realizadas duas amostragens de solo em quatro areas agricolas comerciais de integracao lavoura-pecuaria e producao de abacaxi, que apresentaram textura arenosa na camada de 0-40 cm; nessas havia evidencias de que, mesmo com a utilizacao das melhores tecnicas agronomicas de manejo de solo, as produtividades de soja, pastagem e de abacaxi eram muito baixas nos solos da Formacao Caiua. Coletas de amostras de solo deformadas e indeformadas nas camadas de 0-10, 11-20 e 21-40 cm foram realizadas para caracterizar a granulometria (argila, silte, areia fina e areia grossa), o carbono orgânico e a retencao de agua no solo. Os solos da Formacao Caiua tem granulometria mais grosseira, poros de maior diâmetro e menor disponibilidade de agua do que os da Paranavai. Os riscos de deficiencia hidrica sao maiores em solos da Formacao Caiua do que os da Paranavai.
Nonaqueous Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Surface Coating

This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by ScholarWorks@UNO with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself.
RETHINKING NAVAJO SOCIAL THEORY

Author(s): Shapiro, Warren | Abstract: Hal Scheffler, in arguing that native concepts about procreation provide the basis for kin reckoning universally, presented considerable evidence for his argument, in addition to the extension rules for which he is best known, This essay applies this evidence to the Navajo materials and shows that a Schefflerian analysis is correct. By contrast, the analysis of Nava-jo kinship by Gary Witherspoon, indebted to David Schneider’s ideas, is shown to be wide of the mark. Scheffler also argued, in much the same logical vein, that gender classification around the world is bipartite, that claims of a “third sex” are without merit. The argument is applied to “third sex” claims by Wesley Thomas, which claims are shown to be baseless.
VALJANOST MJERENJA RAZINE MIŠIĆNE AKTIVACIJE IZOKINETIČKIM TESTIRANJEM

The study aimed at testing the possibility of using an isokinetic dynamometer to measure muscle activation level (AL). The AL measured with an isokinetic dynamometer and calculated as a ratio between the maximum isometric and eccentric torques was compared against the AL obtained by the double interpolated twitch method. Eighteen male students with different levels of training participated in the study. The average ALs measured by the isokinetic dynamometer (AL_ISOK) at knee angles of 55° and 60°, as well as the average AL calculated from the maximum eccentric torque independently of a knee angle at angular velocities of 60°/s (100.10±13.25%, 92.43±11.82% and 84.33±9.29%, respectively) and 120°/s (99.93±11.93%, 94.61±13.79% and 88.52±14.07%, respectively) did not differ significantly from the average ALs measured by the double interpolated twitch method (AL_TW=89.50±7.42%). Significant correlations were found between AL_TW and several AL_ISOK at the angular velocity of 120°/s. However, the correlations were negative and low to medium (from –.478 to –.609). It was concluded that the AL_ISOK were not comparable to the AL_TW and therefore seemed not suitable for the activation level measurement, although the negative correlations between the two methods still leave this possibility.
Fluidized piston model for molecular dynamics simulations of hydrodynamic flow

We have developed a new method, the fluidized piston model (FPM), to drive dense fluid flow in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Fluid in the upstream region acts as a fluidized piston (FP) that continuously presses and supplies the downstream fluid. The FPM can treat dense and polyatomic fluid flow driven by a pressure gradient efficiently with the prescribed inlet streaming velocity at high speed, which is usually used for hydrodynamic MD studies. Furthermore, the temperature inside the sampling region is kept constant without direct control. We apply the FPM to the 100 m s−1 water flow inside (20, 20), (12, 12), (10, 10), (8, 8) and (6, 6) carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The results show that the appropriate density in the sampling region is adaptively obtained during the simulation and the desired streaming velocity is obtained except inside the (6,6) CNT. The deviation of the obtained streaming velocity from the desired value inside the (6,6) CNT is related to the current technical limit of the temperature control method applied in the upstream FP region and the highly discrete nature of the single-file water flow.
Equilibrium modeling and regression analysis of biomass gasification

In the perspective of fossil fuel depletion, global warming, climatic changes, and atmospheric pollution, the importance of renewable fuels is remarkable. Bio-hydrogen produced from locally available biomass is an efficient source of energy. For achieving hydrogen richness in gas mixture produced by thermo-chemical gasification of biomass, gasification agent used and its feed rate, and gasifier working conditions are prominent among many other factors. In the present work, formulation and simulation of a thermodynamic equilibrium model for biomass steam gasification, incorporating the yields of unconverted char and tar (in addition to gaseous products) based on equilibrium constant method is presented. The model is based on Redlich-Kwong real gas equation of state considering the equilibrium constants of two component reactions, namely methane formation and water gas shift. A generic method for the determination of equilibrium constants from the corresponding Gibbs free energy changes, incorporating real gas residual properties is adopted. Computations including solution of simultaneous non-linear equations are performed using Gauss–Newton algorithm. Producer gas composition, heating value of gas mixture (LHV), dry gas yield, and relative yields of gasification products are studied using apricot stones as the illustrative biomass material. Parametric variations with steam to biomass ratio (SBR) and temperature are analyzed and validated with reported experimental results on steam gasification. The richest hydrogen gas mixture (58.7% at SBR of 2.2) is predicted at 1000 K. SBR is found to be favorable to hydrogen concentration and combustible gas yield. But heating value (MJ/Nm3) can be enhanced with hike in temperature of gasification only. More than 45% (77% excluding steam) is dry gas in the products of gasification above 700 K. Regression analysis is performed using the data for thirty five biomass materials simulated by the real gas model. Based on the statistically tested regression model for accuracy, parametric correlations are formulated for LHV and product gas composition for steam gasification.
Gas‐Phase Assisted Surface Polymerization Behavior of β‐Propiolactone on Inorganic and Organic Substrates and Consequent Composite Production

Gas-phase assisted surface polymerization (GASP) of β-propiolactone (βPL) was investigated using substrate-supported anionic initiators to produce a strongly bonded poly(β-propiolactone) (PPL)/CaO composite and a novel PPL crystalline deposit with a high melting point value on Al plates. The polymerization of βPL smoothly proceeded in the gas phase to give high-molecular-weight PPLs having high PDI values. An almost linear relationship between M n value and incremental increase in the deposit suggested the living nature of the GASP of βPL. The obtained polymer-coated substrates, especially PPL/CaO composite, showed strong interaction at the organic/inorganic interface. Moreover, the thermal and structural analyses of deposits revealed that some specific conformations were formed on CaO powder and Al plate surfaces to give highly crystallized deposits. These results demonstrate that the GASP is an effective method for coating any substrate that has a complex shape and a surface morphology.
Neutron‐Induced Fission Cross Sections of 240Pu, 243Am, and natW in the Energy Range 1–200 MeV

A long‐range research program devoted to measurements of neutron‐induced fission cross‐sections of actinides and stable isotopes is under way at the GNEIS facility. By now the new series of experiments for measurements of fission cross‐section ratios relative to 235U has been completed for 240Pu, 243Am, and natW in a wide energy range of incident neutrons from 1 MeV to 200 MeV in the frame of the ISTC Project ♯1971. The measurements were performed using the multiplate ionization chamber and time‐of‐flight techniques. The results obtained in this measurement are presented in comparison with the other data.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Quality of Swiss Chard at Harvest and during Storage as Minimally Processed Produce

The effects of different levels of nitrogen fertilization (0–50–100–150–200 kg/ha), minimal processing and cold storage (14 days at 4C) on yield and quality of fresh-cut Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla L.) were evaluated. Increasing the level of nitrogen fertilization over 100 kg N/ha, plants had a higher fresh weight, reduced their dry matter content and resulted taller and leafier. Total and marketable yield increased linearly with increasing nitrogen level. Both nitrate and ascorbic acid content at harvest increased with increasing nitrogen supply. Nitrogen fertilization negatively affected the yield of minimal processing. No effect on appearance and quality loss during cold storage was detected. Reducing nitrogen fertilization could lead to a more environmentally friendly product with no significant loss in yield and quality both for raw plant and fresh-cut Swiss chard. Minimal processing can improve nutritional quality lowering nitrates and increasing ascorbic acid content in fresh-cut produce. Practical Applications Minimally processed vegetables have gained a lot of interest among consumers as they are easy to use and ready to eat. Leafy vegetables are the most widespread among fresh-cut produce. In order to increase the yield and the quality of leafy crops, farmers often supply great amounts of nitrogen fertilizers. Overdoses of nitrogen may negatively affect environment and nutritional quality of raw and minimally processed vegetables. This study focused on the assessment of the dose of nitrogen that can be more environmentally friendly and can assure to the industry of minimal processing, the best quality of raw Swiss chard and the retaining of good quality during storage. The reduction of nitrogen fertilization may lead to a reduction in nitrate content of the plants and, if associated to minimal processing, determines an improvement of the nutritional quality of fresh-cut Swiss chard.
Development of a seaweed-based fixed-bed sorption column for the removal of metals in a waste stream

Fucus vesiculosus, Polysiphonia lanosa, Ulva lactuca and a seaweed waste material resulting from the industrial processing of Ascophyllum nodosum were screened for Zn(II), Ni(II), Al(III) and Sb(III) removal in dried form, in both single and multi-metal systems. The Ascophyllum waste material, which is referred to as Waste Ascophyllum Product (WAP), was also screened in wet form. WAP was shown to be efficient at removing Zn(II), Ni(II) and Al(III) in both single and multi-metal systems. Removal efficiencies (RE) for dried WAP were 93, 96 and 68% for Zn(II), Ni(II) and Al(III) respectively in single metal systems. Polysiphonia lanosa was found to be more effective at removing Sb(III) than WAP with a RE of 86%. In multi-metal systems, Sb(III) was found to adversely affect the sorption of Zn(II), Ni(II) and Al(III) by WAP, while P. lanosa removed Sb(III) in multi-metal systems. The antagonistic effect of Sb(III) on the sorption of the other metals by WAP was investigated using FTIR, XPS and conductimetric titrations. The results demonstrated that Sb(III) was able to bind on a larger and more diversified number of binding sites, preventing the uptake of Zn(II), Ni(II) and Al(III) by both P. lanosa and WAP. Maximum uptake capacity values (q max) were calculated using the Langmuir, Freundlich and the combined Langmuir-Freundlich sorption isotherms. Q max values were very high in the case of WAP for the sorption of Zn(II), Ni(II) and Al(III) at 134.05, 114.94 and 99.7 mg/g biosorbent. The respective q max value for P. lanosa and Sb(III) was lower at 47.44 mg/g biosorbent. Fixed-bed column studies using WAP and P. lanosa immobilised in agar resulted in high removal efficiencies (RE), with 90, 90, 74% for Zn(II), Ni(II) and Al(III) respectively for WAP/agar and 67% for Sb(III) for P. lanosa/agar removal over 3 hours. Agar was found to contribute to the RE. The regeneration and reuse of the biosorbents was achieved using 0.1M HCl with very little loss in metal reuptake efficiency over five sorption cycles. Scale-up of the laboratory column was carried out, with a high RE observed for all metals under investigation. Mathematical and COMSOL modelling were effective tools for representing experimental data and predicting concentration breakthroughs over time.
Relating low-frequency dielectric properties and refractive index of mineral oils

This study demonstrates how closely the refractive index of mineral oil measured at optical frequencies is related to the relative permittivity measured at audio frequencies. This indicates that the low-frequency relative permittivity is due to the electronic polarizability of the molecules, especially for the naphthenic/paraffinic hydrocarbon oils of low aromatic (<5%) content. Compared with relative permittivity and tan delta as a monitor of the condition of the oil, refractive index is easily, reliably, and inexpensively measured, even in the field. However, by itself it is found that the refractive index is not as sensitive as relative permittivity and tan delta for detecting changes due to aging. Accurate density measurements also give an indication of the condition of the oil. <<ETX>>
Sonar estimates of daytime activity levels of Euphausia pacifica in Saanich Inlet

A three-dimensional multibeam tracking sonar system (FishTV) was deployed in the stratified waters of Saanich Inlet in July-August of 1996 and 1997 to assess the swimming behavior of euphausiids in situ. Here, a new algorithm is used to estimate swimming velocities of animals from the uncorrelated displacements of acoustic targets in pairs of sonar frames with increasing time delays between frames. Assuming isotropic motions of euphausiids, the superior spatial resolution of the sonar in one dimension (range) is used to infer the three-dimensional motions. We applied the algorithm to sonar tracks of groups of 10 000 - 25 000 euphausiids recorded in the daytime at depths just above the oxycline on six different occasions. The animal movements were described with a probability density function for velocity which suggests that about 60-70% of the animals were moving less than or equal to 0.3-1.2 cm·s-1. These distributions imply remarkably low swimming speeds and quiescent behavior. Limited motility in the d.
Studies on pressure-induced phase transition in zirconium

Abstract Pressure-induced phase transition in the IVa transition metal Zr has been studied by a high-pressure X-ray diffraction experiment and the superconductivity measurement under pressure. Two phase transitions from the h.c. p. to the hexagonal and further to the b.c.c. structure are observed at 6.7 and 33 GPa, respectively. An isostructural transition is also observed around 53 GPa in the b.c.c. phase. At the transition pressure of 33 GPa, the atomic volume of the b.c.c. -Zr agrees with that of the Va transition metal b.c.c. -Nb at zero pressure and the superconducting transition temperature also corresponds to that of the b.c.c. -Nb. These results are not only decisive evidence for the s-d transition in Zr but also suggest an idea of pressure-induced transformation from the IVa transition metal to the Va transition metal.
Performance of Al0.24Ga0.76As/In0.22Ga0.78As double-heterojunction HEMTs with an as deposited and a buried gate

Depletion-mode Al0.24Ga0. 76As/In0.22Ga0. 78As double-heterojunction high electron mobility transistors (DH-HEMTs) were fabricated with an as deposited gate to compare with those with a buried gate by annealing. Instead of a recessed gate, a buried gate used to control the distance between the gate and channel (and hence the aspect ratio) improves the series resistance. Measured transconductance of 150 mS mm−1 and an open-drain voltage gain of 136 for the DH-HEMT with an as deposited gate are enhanced to 175 mS mm−1 and 160 for the DH-HEMT with a 330 °C annealed gate. Good device linearity is also obtained with a low second harmonic to fundamental ratio of 3.55%. The measured maximums fts (fmaxs) are 13.5, 13.5 and 14.5 (35, 37, and 37.5) GHz for DH-HEMTs with an as deposited gate, and with 280 °C and 330 °C annealed gates, respectively. At a measured frequency of 2.4 GHz, the DH-HEMT with a 330 °C annealed gate exhibits the highest PAE = 44.8% at VDS = 3 V and VGS = −1.0 V and the lowest Fmin = 1.89 dB at VDS = 3 V and ID = 200 mA mm−1.
Yield predictions for photovoltaic power plants: empirical validation, recent advances and remaining uncertainties

Yield predictions are performed to predict the solar resource, the performance and the energy production over the expected lifetime of a photovoltaic (PV) system. In this study, we compare yield predictions and monitored data for 26 PV power plants located in southern Germany and Spain. The monitoring data include in‐plane irradiance for comparison with the estimated solar resource and energy yield for comparison with predicted performance. The results show that because of increased irradiance in recent years (‘global brightening’) the yield predictions systematically underestimate the energy yield of PV systems by about 5%. Because common irradiance databases and averaging times were used for the yield predictions analysed in this paper, it is concluded that yield predictions for areas where the global brightening effect occurred in general underestimated the energy yield by the same magnitude. Using recent satellite‐derived irradiance time series avoids this underestimation. The observed performance ratio of the analysed systems decreases by 0.5%/year in average with a relatively high spread between individual systems. This decrease is a main factor for the combined uncertainty of yield predictions. It is attributed to non‐reversible degradation of PV cells or modules and to reversible effects, like soiling. Based on the results of the validation, the combined uncertainty of state of the art yield predictions using recent solar irradiance data is estimated to about 8%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical bases for a personal heat strain monitor

i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iii TABLE OF CONTENTS . iv LIST OF FIGURES . ix LIST OF TABLES . xvi LIST OF COMMON ABBREVIATIONS . xvii CHAPTER ONE. INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 HEAT STRESS . 1 1.2 HEAT ILLNESS . 3 1.2. 1 Epidemiology of heat illness . 3 1.3 HEAT STRESS INDICES . 6 1.4 PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICES OF HEAT STRAIN . 8 1.4. 1 Core temperature . 8 1.4. 1.1 Core temperature measurement . 9 1.4. 1.2 Surrogate indices of core temperature . 10 1.4. 2 Cardiac frequency . 10 1.4. 3 Sweat rate . 11 1.4. 4 Skin temperature . 11 1.4. 5 Psychophysical indices of thermal strain . 11 1.5 HEAT STRAIN INDICES . 12 1.6 AIMS . 13 1.6. 1 Review of literature . 13 1.6. 2 Database analysis . 13 1.6. 3 Index verification . 13 1.7. REFERENCES . 13 CHAPTER 2.REVIEW OF HEAT STRESS AND HEAT STRAIN LITERATURE . 18 2.
Calibration procedures for standard gas leaks

Calibration procedures for equipment used in measuring flow rates of standardized gas leaks using a mass spectrometer are discussed. The calibration involves measurements of temperature, time, pressure and volume. The mass spectrometer is calibrated with a calibrated micromanometer and pure gas. The micromanometer is calibrated using a volume expansion method and a quartz fiber manometer in the torr range. Apparent volumes in the mass spectrometer inlet systems are calibrated using a quartz fiber manometer. Error analysis is made by using the partial derivative method and the square root of the sum of squares method. The following error contributions were determined: volume +-0.6% temperature +-3.6% (helium only), time +-0.4%, pressure +-4.6%. For helium diffusion leaks an additional error 0.6% was determined as the contribution for . cap alpha. , the temperature correction factor.
IONIC LIQUID–LIQUID PHASE MICROEXTRACTION FOR THE SENSITIVE DETERMINATION OF SANGUINARINE AND CHELERYTHRINE IN CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES AND HUMAN URINE

In the current paper, an efficient in situ solvent formation microextraction (ISFME) combining high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection was developed for the determination of sanguinarine and chelerythrine in Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br. and Chelidonium majus L. The amount of ion-pairing agent (KPF6) was added to the sample solution containing a water-miscible ionic liquid (IL; [C6MIM][Br]) to obtain a hydrophobic ionic liquid ([C6MIM]PF6), which acted as the extraction phase to replace the volatile organic solvent as the extraction solvent. Several important parameters influencing the extraction efficiency of IL-ISFME, such as the type and volume of IL, amount of KPF6, sample pH, extraction time, and centrifugation time, were optimized. Under optimal conditions, sanguinarine and chelerythrine exhibited good linearity, with correlation coefficients of 0.9992 and 0.9993, respectively, linear range of 0.1–200 ng mL−1, and limit of detection of 0.08 ng mL−1. The spiked recovery for each analyte was in the range of 97.8%–102.3%. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of two alkaloids in M. cordata (Willd.) R. Br. , C. majus L. and human urine.