Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bringing positional processes back in: occupational gender segregation in ‘non-academic’ work

Abstract This article highlights that organisations mask a ‘gendered substructure’ and a ‘positional substructure’, and reinforces the importance of (re)incorporating the effects of positional processes as an analytical concern in current analysis of occupational segregation. Drawing on the concept of ‘inequality regimes’, we use the case of ‘non-academic’ workers in Scottish higher education institutions as the context in which to explore how gendered and positional processes may be perpetuating occupational gender segregation—focusing on finance, registry, security and cleaning staff. Our findings show how embedded gendered and positional processes are reinforcing occupational gender segregation in many areas of non-academic work. We reveal that some gendered processes are position-sensitive and that stereotyped language use and related biases impact the progression and treatment of workers at the ‘bottom’—and the compounding effects on women. We show that positions within organisational opportunity structures cannot merely be read off grading hierarchies and argue that any analysis of positional substructures necessitates uncovering the potential existence of multiple organisational hierarchies and other forms of positional advantage/disadvantage, whilst recognising that positional substructures are not static.
Benefitting from Digital Opportunity: Do Socio-economically Advantaged and Disadvantaged Groups React in the Same Ways?

ABSTRACT This study investigates differences in Internet continued-use intention for socio-economically advantaged and disadvantaged groups in Cote d’Ivoire by comparing their expectancy disconfirmation models. Its findings postulate that use-continuance behavior may be a viable proxy for understanding digital inequality especially in societies where the internet is readily accessible. In so doing, it provides an alternative theoretical framework for understanding and/or investigating the digital divide in various societal contexts in the current era where, because of significant advances in physical access to the internet made possible by mobile telephony and extensive diffusion of the internet, mere access is rapidly declining in value as a clear proxy for the presence, scope and/or intensity of the digital divide. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.
Consequences of agricultural total factor productivity growth for the sustainability of global farming: accounting for direct and indirect land use effects

Most of the growth in agricultural output in the last thirty years comes from increases in the efficiency with which both land and non-land inputs are used. Recent work calls for a better understanding of whether this efficiency, known as total factor productivity (TFP), contributes to a more sustainable food system. Key to this understanding is the documented phenomenon that, instead of saving lands, the introduction of technologies that improve agricultural productivity encourage cropland expansion. We extend the results of a recently published econometric model of cross-country cropland change and TFP growth to explore the extent to which improvements in technology were associated with lower greenhouse emissions from land conversion to agriculture as well as with lower land conversion pressures in biodiversity-rich biomes. We focus on the decade of 2001–2010, a period in which our sample of 70 countries (≈75% of global croplands) experienced net land contraction. Except in sub-Saharan Africa and South and East Asia, regional TFP growth was associated with regional land expansion, thus confirming the existence of Jevons paradox in most regions of the world. However, such expansion was more than offset by indirect land use effects stemming from increases in productivity somewhere else. These indirect effects are far from trivial. In the absence of TFP growth, our estimates suggest that ≈125 Mha would have been needed to satisfy demand, half of which are in the four most biodiverse biomes of the world; estimated land use emissions from the ensuing changes in land use range from a lower bound of 17 Gt CO2eq to an upper bound of 84 Gt CO2eq, depending on whether the expansion would have occurred on pasturelands or forest, in contrast to the ≈1 to 15 Gt CO2eq imputed to observed cropland expansion. Our projections of the land needed to satisfy projected growth in TFP per capita during 2018–2023 indicate that current rates of TFP growth are insufficient to prevent further land expansion, reversing in most cases the in-sample trends in land contraction observed during 2001–2010.
Bridging the Gap? Police Volunteering and Community Policing in Scotland

This article examines how far special constables can act as the ‘bridge’ between police services and local communities, within the context of Scottish policing. I consider the literature around the core concepts of community policing, the condition of community policing Scotland, and the role that volunteer police officers can play in enhancing local policing. Then, I draw upon the findings from qualitative interviews and observations of special constables in one division of Police Scotland, to explore the nature of the special constabulary as a potential resource in community and local policing. Finally, I consider these findings in relation to the ongoing discussions of special constables’ contribution to community policing, and how policing organizations might seek to enhance that contribution. This article, I believe, provides a unique contribution to the currently small but emerging field of research within police volunteerism, and brings the perspective of Scottish special constables to these discussions which have been primarily Anglo-centric.
Evaluation of Effect of Qianggu Capsule Combined with Methotrexate on Bone Destruction in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Qianggu Capsule combined with methotrexate(MTX) on rheumatoid arthritis and appraise it's preventive effect on bone destruction.Methods A total of 52 patients,who were diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis(early stage) in our hospital from Jan.2010 to Jun.2011,were enrolled for this study.Patients were divided into treatment group(n=25) and control group(n=27). Patients in the control group received MTX and Diclofenac Sodium Dual Release Enteric-coated Capsule,while patients in the treatment group were administered with Qianggu Capsule combined with MTX and Diclofenac Sodium Dual Release Enteric-coated Capsule.The course of treatment lasted for 6 months.The health assessment questionnaire(HAQ) score,Chinese medical pattern grade,ESR,CRP,BMD and so on were retrospectively analyzed.Results There was significantly difference between control group and treatment group on Ritchit index,HAQ and Chinese medical pattern grade after treatment(P0.05). The treatment group was better than the control group after treatment(P0.05). After 6 months of treatment,the treatment group was developed obviously on BMD(P0.05). Conclusion Qianggu Capsule combined with methotrexate can alleviate the clinical symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis,increase bone mineral density and improve the quality of life of patients.
Recent changes in housing policies and their distributional impact across Europe

This paper aims to explore how housing allowances and mortgage interest tax relief have evolved in recent years, against the background of falling disposable incomes and rising housing costs. The analysis focuses on seven EU countries (Greece, Italy, Austria, Hungary, the Netherlands, Sweden and the UK), covering a range of housing market developments and housing policy responses. The first part of the paper provides an overview of housing market trends over the period following the financial crisis and examines recent changes in housing policies in the countries concerned. The next part discusses the main features of two specific housing policy instruments, housing allowance and mortgage interest tax relief, also exploring recent changes there and the motives behind these. The last part estimates the distributional impact of housing allowances and mortgage tax relief in 2016 as compared with 2007 using the European tax-benefit model EUROMOD. The paper concludes with a discussion of the results and of the policy implications. Â
The compensation of CEOs and the relevance of fair value accounting

The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of executive compensation and its relation to the value relevance of fair value accounting. Using a sample of companies from 2007 to 2016 and based on a modified model of Ohlson (1995), we find that the bonus intensity in executive compensation provides a positive incentive for managers to disclose their insider information in financial reporting, which results in greater value relevance of fair value information. The results also show that this positive motivation only applies to Level 2 fair values, where there is still a comparative market price. However, when there is no information about the market price of an item reported in the financial statements, managers tend to manipulate the valuation of Level 3 fair value inputs, which results in less value relevance of fair value accounting. The results help to improve the knowledge of management incentives in the determination of valuation in financial reporting. The findings also shed light on the conditions of decision usefulness of fair value accounting. This study contributes to the literature by providing evidence of the moderating role that executive compensation plays in the usefulness of fair value accounting
Absorbing Partner Knowledge in R&D Collaborations – the Influence of Founders on Potential and Realized Absorptive Capacity

We investigate whether founder participation in research and development collaborations enhances the two dimensions of absorptive capacity (ACAP): potential ACAP and realized ACAP. Based on a longitudinal firm&#8208;patent dataset of over 700 collaborations, and using a novel measure of ACAP, we find that founder involvement enhances potential ACAP provided the knowledge bases of focal firm and partner are related. Once knowledge has been absorbed, founder involvement increases realized ACAP irrespective of relatedness. Thus, we highlight the merit of treating the dimensions of ACAP separately by showing differing effects of founder involvement. Our paper emphasizes the outstanding role founders play in the R&amp;D process of their firms. Firms should consider carefully the allocation of team members to R&amp;D projects because team members differ with respect to their ACAP.
Value Destruction in Swedish Welfare Services: Frontline Workers’ Impact on Asylum-Seeking Minors’ Possibilities of Creating Value in Early Integration

ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to investigate ways in which welfare frontline workers’ conceptualization of Swedishness destroys asylum-seeking minors’ (16–17 years) possibilities of creating value during the service process in early integration. Focus group interviews and in-depth interviews were conducted with coaches at accommodation centres, schoolteachers and social workers. The analytical approach employed makes use of a service logic perspective. The findings indicate that the frontline workers contribute to destructed value in three ways through: (1) conditions, (2) limitations and (3) contradictions in their interacation with the minors. All in all, during these asymmetrical service situations, it is significant to understand the importance of frontline workers being given the opportunity by management to increase their own awareness of how their professional work impact upon a minor’s possibilities of creating value.
‘Feel the Knife Pierce You Intensely’: Slayer’s ‘Angel of Death’—Holocaust Representation or Metal Affects?

This article tackles a well-known but little-studied phenomenon: the importance of Holocaust themes to heavy metal. The fascination of metal bands with evil and death has until recently been met outside the scene with such reactions as moral panic, disgust or indifference. In the last ten years, however, scholars in an emerging discourse of Metal Studies have attempted to engage more critically with the social and musical dimensions of metal, in order to contextualise and understand its lyrics and imagery. Although a number of writers have touched upon the recurrence of Holocaust imagery, no one has dealt at any length with extreme metal as a form of Holocaust memory. My article focuses on what might be called the founding text of extreme metal, Slayer’s ‘Angel of Death’, which lived up to the sub-genre’s name by pushing both its musical form and its lyrical content beyond previously maintained limits and taboos. It considers the song’s mobilisation of affective intensities as involving problematic politics, but also a challenge to conceptions of Holocaust representation. I consider how affects are evoked by ‘Angel of Death’ through offering readings of the song itself as well as of ways that its reception have been recorded on social media, in concert videos, and reaction videos uploaded to YouTube.
Network effects in the formation of the financial industry's regulatory preferences in the European Union

Abstract This paper examines the determinants of financial industry actors’ regulatory preferences—examining why some financial industry actors prefer less stringent financial regulations while others prefer more stringent regulations. The determination of preferences, we argue, can be understood as mutually dependent. How an organization is connected to other organisations through network ties may help to explain its regulatory preferences. Our empirical point of focus is financial industry lobbying in the context of the European Union (EU). Using data from nearly nine hundred lobbying letters related to legislation on banking, insurance, and securities regulation, we map out a “socialization network” that models connections between financial industry firms, their associations, as well as a broad range of other organisations and actors that are auxiliary to this community of organizations. Using these data we find evidence that organizations’ preferences are informed by their location within this socialization network. Controlling for a range of other plausible factors, we find that 1) those connected via common associational ties, 2) those closer to one another in the network and 3) those more “embedded” in this network are all less likely to diverge in terms of their preferences from one another.
Technological diversity, uncertainty and innovation performance

ABSTRACT We analyse the impact of technological diversity on innovation performance in the discovery stage, measured by R&D intensity and patent applications, and in the commercialization stage, measured by the sales share generated by innovations, using Swiss firm-level data. While we do not find any impact of diversity on R&D intensity, we confirm a positive impact of diversity on patent applications as suggested by literature. Extending the analysis to the commercialization stage reveals that technological diversity decreases the share of sales generated by innovative products. We argue that this pattern emerges because knowledge spillovers matter relatively more in the discovery stage while coordination costs matter relatively more in the commercialization stage. Technological uncertainty further increases coordination costs (in both stages) and thus negatively moderates the effect of diversity on innovation performance.
Segurança no campus: um breve levantamento sobre as políticas de segurança na USP e em universidades estrangeiras

O debate sobre a segurança no principal campus da USP se intensificou após eventos que colocaram em questão a gestão da segurança, a atuação da Guarda Universitária e a presença de policiamento ostensivo no local. Com base em levan-tamento nos websites oficiais de quatro universidades, buscamos informações sobre como estas instituições lidam com o tema da segurança. Os resultados apontam que, apesar das especificidades legais, institucionais e de contexto, os pro-blemas de segurança nos campi são muito semelhantes e suas resoluções refletem os preceitos das políticas públicas de segurança locais. Guardadas as diferenças, as experiências apresentadas podem contribuir para a reflexão sobre programas de segurança que combinem a prevenção de crimes, preservação do patrimônio público e a garantia das liberdades civis.
Correlation with Time Explains the Relationship between Survey Nonresponse and Mass Polarization

While elite polarization in US politics has been well established, there has been substantial debate about whether US mass opinion has polarized in recent decades. Amnon Cavari and Guy Freedman suggest the apparent polarization of the US public may in part be an artifact of declining survey response rates. Cavari and Freedman argue that declining response rates may have led to only the most politicized—and therefore polarized—respondents being willing to give their opinions. We argue that, while the mechanism posited is plausible, other theoretical models of nonresponse predict no change in nonresponse bias or even declining nonresponse bias, depending on the cause of increased nonresponse. We show that the results of Cavari and Freedman’s analysis are spuriously driven by each variable’s correlation with time. After accounting for the time correlation, there is no evidence that nonresponse bias has inflated estimates of mass polarization.
Power Law Growth and Delayed Feedbacks in Socio‐Hydrological Systems

Water infrastructure dynamics result from coupled social and physical hydrological processes embedded in “socio‐hydrological systems” (SHSs). Freshwater fuels socioeconomic activity, which in turn exerts pressure on water resources through increased water demand and water quality degradation. Many factors emphasize the need for quantitative tools to predict the future of these systems, including SHS failures due to growing water scarcity from population growth and climate change. However, unfolding the interactions between social and hydrological factors continues to resist theoretical treatment, impeding progress toward a predictive framework. To resolve this issue, we propose and evaluate time delays as surrogates for the social dynamics in SHS models. This approach permits the development of models that describe SHS dynamics in terms of observable, physical, hydrological state variables. We apply this approach to two case studies: (a) reservoir storage capacity growth in the world and the U.S. Water Resources Regions and (b) global water withdrawals. Substantial variability was identified in empirical estimates of growth rates and time delays. Reservoir construction typically follows a saturating, logistic curve with periodic, punctuated equilibria, separated by delays ranging from 5 to 20 years both globally and regionally. In contrast, global water withdrawal data display faster‐than‐exponential growth, characteristic of a positive feedback through which water use drives further water development. Historical analysis suggests that growth trends in water resources systems are superimposed by recurring periods of innovation and inactivity which are indicative of slow memory dissipation and delayed effects of past water use on current water infrastructure decisions.
Investigation into untreated greywater reuse practices by suburban households under the threat of intermittent water supply

Untreated greywater reuse at the household level is an accessible water source to supplement non-potable water requirements in times of emergency water curtailments but poses various risks to the consumer, the wider community, infrastructure and the environment. Little information is known about unregulated, untreated greywater reuse practices under emergency conditions in suburban communities where consumers have become accustomed to reliable potable water supplied via a pressurised, piped distribution system. There is a lack of knowledge regarding the sources of greywater used, collection methods, storage and distribution of greywater, the application points, the level of treatment (if any) and the perceived risks associated with the greywater reuse. The City of Cape Town was selected as a case study site for research into greywater reuse under the threat of ‘Day Zero’ and stringent water restrictions, implemented during the 2017/2018 summer season. A consumer survey and analysis of relevant online forums was conducted in order to obtain the necessary information. Greywater reuse practices from a sample group of 351 consumers were identified and classified. Untreated greywater reuse was found to be common, mainly for garden irrigation and toilet flushing. The results point to high-risk activities in the study group.
Determinant of using clouds based systems with dual factor theory approach

This research is the use of cloud-based regional information management system (IT) by applying existing theories. The purpose of this study is to investigate enablers and inhibitors including the dual factor theory of the use of cloud-based regional management information systems. This research directly empirical tests in Jember Regency, include: IT infrastructure problem variables on the perceived of usefulness, IT infrastructure problem variables on the perceived ease of use, IT infrastructure problem variables on the use of cloud-based regional management information systems, perceived usefulness of cloud-based regional management information systems and perceived ease of use of using regional management information systems cloud based. The sample selection technique in this study uses purposive sampling and data analysis uses multiple regression. The data that has been analyzed using smartPLS version 2. The results show, first the IT infrastructure problems negatively affect the perceived usefulness. Second, IT infrastructure problems negatively affect perceived ease of use. Third, IT infrastructure problems negatively affect the use of cloud-based regional information systems. Fourth, perceived usefulness has a positive effect on the use of cloud-based regional information systems. Fifth, the perceived ease of use for the use of cloud-based regional information systems.
Relative Shortage of Long-Term Treasury Securities and the Flat Yield Curve

This article investigates the linkage between the interest rates term spread and the relative supply factor of long-term Treasury securities since the Debt Ceiling Crisis of 2013. The spread between the long-term Treasury yield and the Federal Funds Rate is defined as the excess return of holding long-term Treasury securities over liquid money. Evidences show that the supply factor has some significant impacts on the term spread between the 10-year yield and the Federal Funds Rate. These effects include long-run causality effect and persistent positive shock. The supply factor explains over a half of the term spread variation at longer horizons. The effects of the supply factor are stronger for the long-term part of the spread. So the recent flattening of the yield curve is partially attributable to the restrictions on the long-term financing of the government. Considering this mechanism, if Congress and the government reach agreements on some other long-term financing tools, the long-term Treasury yields and the term spread may rise unexpectedly. TOPICS: Fundamental equity analysis, accounting and ratio analysis, technical analysis
Medical Image Feature Matching Based on Wavelet Transform and SIFT Algorithm

A feature matching algorithm based on wavelet transform and SIFT is proposed in this paper, Firstly, Biorthogonal wavelet transforms algorithm is used for medical image to delaminating, and restoration the processed image. Then the SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) applied in this paper to abstracting key point. Experimental results show that our algorithm compares favorably in high-compressive ratio, the rapid matching speed and low storage of the image, especially for the tilt and rotation conditions.