Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparison Review of Indoor Positioning Techniques

The advances in positioning based technologies and the expanding significance of indoor positioning led to a growing business interest in location-based services. Today, most application requirements are real-time tracking of physical possessions inside structures precisely. The demand for indoor localization services has turned into a key essential in some markets. Moreover, indoor positioning technologies address the inadequacy of global positioning system inside a closed environment. This paper aims to provide the reader with a comparison review of different parameter that affects indoor localization. The comparison review is based on three techniques known as Angle of arrival (AoA), Time of arrival (ToA) and Fingerprinting techniques to deliver a better understanding of state-of-the-art of these techniques and inspire new research endeavours in this promising field. For this purpose, three localization positions and location estimation schemes are reviewed with a conclusion and future trends.
School Counselors’ Multicultural Self-Efficacy: A Preliminary Investigation

This article explores the factor structure of the School Counselor Multicultural Self-Efficacy Scale (SCMES). For this study, a total of 181 usable scales were returned by members of the American School Counselor Association. Exploratory factor analysis on the 90-item scale suggested a six-factor structure. The six factors or subscales that evolved were (a) Knowledge of Multicultural Counseling Concepts, (b) Using Data and Understanding Systemic Change, (c) Developing Cross-Cultural Relationships, (d) Multicultural Awareness, (e) Multicultural Assessment, and (f) Applying Racial Concepts to Practice. Ethnicity and the number of multicultural counseling courses taken were significantly related to several of the SCMES's factors. Implications for future research and practice are delineated.
Psychiatric nurses’ experience of aggression amongst colleagues

Psychiatric nurses run a high risk of being exposed to aggression. They experience aggression from clients as well as fellow colleagues. Aggression in the work environment has an overt negative psychological effect on the nurse. The purpose of this research was to explore and describe how psychiatric nurses experienced aggression amongst colleagues in the work environment. The study used a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research design. Eight psychiatric nurses exposed to aggression by their colleagues in an academic psychiatric hospital in Johannesburg were purposively sampled to participate in this study. Data were collected by means of in-depth phenomenological interviews, observations and field notes until data saturation was achieved. The following question was asked: ‘What is your experience of aggression amongst colleagues in the work environment? ’. The findings indicated that the psychiatric nurses experienced aggression in a passive but harmful manner. The nurses experienced a suspicious and distrustful team environment. Limited support was experienced when colleagues and management did not acknowledge aggression and the nurses applied various coping and defence mechanisms when emotional stress and aggression were experienced. The aggression psychiatric nurses experienced had an effect on their experience on self, team work and providing services to patients.
International Reserves and Swap Lines in Times of Financial Distress: Overview and Interpretations

In this paper the author reviews the use of precautionary measures aimed at mitigating emerging markets' exposure to fragility associated with financial integration. The discussion draws possible lessons from the ongoing global liquidity crisis. The fear of losing international reserves (IR) constrained most emerging markets more than the fear of floating. The fear of using IR during a crisis suggests that emerging markets (EMs) opt to revisit the gains from financial globalization. High levels of IR may be required for the self insurance offered by those reserves to be effective. Under such circumstances, countries may benefit by supplementing the hoarding of IR with Pigovian tax-cum-subsidy policies. These policies would reduce external borrowing, and would fund the marginal hoarding of IR. The fear of losing IR also suggests a greater demand for regional pooling arrangements and swap lines as well as possible new roles for international financial institutions (IFI).
COOPERATIVE DRAG REDUCING EFFECT OF LONGITUDINAL RIBLETS AND SPANWISE WALL OSCILLATIONS.

Turbulent flow over a ribbed wall oscillating in a spanwise direction is investigated numerically via DNS. It is shown that cooperative drag reducing effect of longitudinal riblets and spanwise wall oscillations exceeds significantly the performance of each method of flow manipulation. Limited amount of optimization simulations is performed. In the optimal case 13% net drag reduction is attained (with the loses associated with ribbed wall oscillations taking in account).
A Comprehensive Survey of Intrusion Detection Systems

Alongside with digital signatures and Cryptographic protocols, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are judged to be the final contour of protection to protect a system. But the major difficulty with today’s mainly admired IDSs (Intrusion Detection System) is the invention of massive quantity of false positive (FP) alerts alongside with the true positive (TP) alerts, which is an awkward assignment for the operator to examine to arrange the proper responses. So, there is an immense requirement to discover this area of study and to discover a reasonable solution. A main disadvantage of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs), despite of their detection method, is the vast number of alerts they produce on a daily basis that can effortlessly exhaust security supervisors. This constraint has guide researchers in the IDS society to not only extend better detection algorithms and signature tuning methods, but to also focus on determining a variety of relations between individual alerts, formally known as alert correlation. There are a variety of approaches of intrusion detection, such as Pattern Matching, Machine Learning, Data Mining, and Measure Based Methods. This paper aims towards the proper survey of IDS so that researchers can make use of it and find the new techniques towards intrusions. Keywords: Intrusion Detection System, False positive alert, KDD Cup99, Anomaly detection, misuse detection, Machine Learning.
Exchange Rate Regime and Competitiveness of Manufactured Exports: The case of MENA Countries

In this paper, we show that MENA countries have been characterized by a significant overvaluation of their currency during the 70s and 80s. For this purpose, we have developed an indicator of misalignment based on the estimation of an equilibrium exchange rate ─ following Edwards (1989) ─ on a panel of 53 countries, among which 10 are MENA economies. Overvaluation has however decreased in the 90s, probably due to the flexibilisation of the exchange rate regime in some MENA countries and to a better macroeconomic management in others. Misalignment remains nevertheless higher than in other regions, which may be explained by the delay of the MENA region in adopting more flexible exchange rates, as well as in reforming their economy. Our study illustrates that overvaluation had a cost for the region in term of competitiveness. This has been done through the estimation of an export equation, which shows that manufactured exports have been affected by the overvaluation of the exchange rate. This finding partly explains the lower diversification of some economies at some period of time and highlights the need for improved management of the exchange rate regime. In fact, countries that had already a more diversified economy, have benefited, specially in the 90s, from the reduction of the overvaluation of their currency.
GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION OF THE KITTLITZ'S MURRELET BRACHYRAMPHUS BREVIROSTRIS IN THE ALEUTIAN ISLANDS AND GULF OF ALASKA

SUMMARY BIRT, T . P . , MACKINNON, D . , PIATT, J . F . & FRIESEN, V . L . 2011 . Genetic differentiation of the Kittlitz’s Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris in the Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska . Marine Ornithology 39: 45–51 . Information about the distribution of genetic variation within and among local populations of the Kittlitz’s Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris is needed for effective conservation of this rare and declining species . We compared variation in a 429 base pair fragment of the mitochondrial control region and 11 microsatellite loci among 53 Kittlitz’s Murrelets from three sites in the western Aleutian Islands (Attu Island) and Gulf of Alaska (Glacier Bay and Kachemak Bay) . We found that birds in these two regions differ genetically in three assessments: (1) global and pairwise indices of genetic differentiation were significantly greater than zero, (2) mitochondrial haplotypes differed by a minimum of nine substitutions, and (3) molecular assignments indicated little gene flow between regions . The data suggest that birds in these regions have been genetically isolated for an extended period . We conclude that Kittlitz’s Murrelets from Attu Island and from the Gulf of Alaska represent separate evolutionarily significant units, and should be treated as such for conservation . Genetic data for Kittlitz’s Murrelets from the remainder of the breeding range are urgently needed .
Ionic strength effect on deprotonation of para-sulfonatocalix[4]arene

The deprotonation of para-sulfonatocalix(4)arene was studied by a combination of spectrophotometric and potentiometric methods at 25 °C. The ionic strength of the solutions was kept constant by sodium perchlorate as a background electrolyte at 0.10-4.0 mol dm -3 . The spectral changes evidenced proton dissociation of only one hydroxyl group of calixarene in the studied pH range of 2-10. The pKa values were calculated using the STAR program by multivariate curve resolution of the absorbance data. The results indicated that the acid-base behavior of para-sulfonatocalix(4)arene varied strongly with increasing ionic strength of the solution. The dependence of the deprotonation constant on ionic strength was explained by means of the Specific Ion Inter- action Theory (SIT). The activity coefficients of the species were modeled using a modified SIT approach. The extracted specific ion interaction para- meters were associated with the thermodynamic deprotonation constant of para-sulfonatocalix(4)arene.
Structured Program For Final-Year Undergraduate Students To Improve Clinical Skills To Prepare For Effective Patient Management

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the mini Clinical Evaluation Exercise (mini-CEX) and Directly Observed Procedural Skills in terms of their ability to prepare final-year undergraduate students to prepare for effective patient management. Methods: This is a prospective study conducted to assess the effectivity of the intervention (miniCEX, DOPS) on performance of students in end of the posting clinical exam Final-year obstetrics and gynecology students during their 6 weeks of posting consented to participate were formatively assessed (study group) with the mini-CEX and DOPS using four faculties for four different clinical cases and procedures (Papanicolaou stain, high vaginal swab, Pipelle sampling, and intrauterine contraceptive device insertion). Internal consistency of questionnaire was determined. Correlation between study group, Clinical Evaluation Exercise (CEX) and mini CEX, DOPS were analysed. Results: Traditional clinical examination scores were significantly higher in the study group (52.93 ± 3.51) than in the control group (47.72 ± 5.46). A moderately significant correlation between mini-CEX scores (r = 0.58) and DOPS scores (r = 0.5) was observed. The reliability coefficient of the mini-CEX, DOPS, and self-evaluation form were 0.915, 0.847, and 0.949 respectively. Conclusions: Use of the mini-CEX and DOPS as a formative assessment technique with multiple encounters assess students in a much broader range of clinical situations than do traditional clinical examination and offers trainees greater opportunities to prepare students to practice confidently in real situations.
Identification of HSP90 gene from the Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi

The heat shock proteins (Hsp) play an important role in protein folding and protection of cells from stress. To investigate the role of Hsp90 in silk-producing insect Antheraea pernyi (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), a full-length cDNA encoding Hsp90 from A. pernyi was cloned, sequenced and characterized. The complete cDNA (2,482 bp) contained a 2,154 bp open reading frame encoding 717 amino acid residues and had 94.5% identity with Antheraea yamamai Hsp90. The relative expression levels of Hsp90 in five different tissues at normal and high temperatures were evaluated with real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. The expression of Hsp90 was obviously changed in the examined tissues except for fat bodies after induced by high temperature. SDS-PAGE of purified protein demonstrated that an 86 KD recombinant protein was successfully expressed in transformed Escherichia coli cells. These results shed light on studying the mechanism of tolerance in A. pernyi. Key words: Antheraea pernyi, HSP90, sequence analysis, expression.
Modelling in the Semi Arid Volta Basin of West Africa

A region is said to be semi-arid when it receive precipitation below potential evapotranspiration thus insufficient water in the soil (excess to the wilting point) which to the extent support less growth and development of plant and animal life as compared to arid region which is characterized by a severe lack of available water, to the extent of hindering or even preventing the growth of primary life. The arid and semi-arid regions are fairly distributed within the earth’s surface (Figure 1)
On the description and identifiability analysis of experiments with mixtures

In a mixture experiment the collinearity problems, implied by the sum to one functional relationship among the factors, have strong consequences on the identification and analysis of regression models for such designs. Here to address these problems, mixture designs are represented as sets of homogeneous polynomi- als. Techniques from computational commutative algebra are employed to deduce generalized confounding relationships on power products, and to determine families of identifiable models.
Biochemical changes in leaves of mustard under the influence of different fertilizers and cycocel

Fundamental differences between organic and conventional production systems, particularly in soil fertility management, may affect the nutritive composition of plants, including secondary plant metabolites. The availability of inorganic nitrogen in particular has the potential to influence the synthesis of secondary plant metabolites, proteins, and soluble solids. This study was conducted to evaluate the on-farm assessment of biochemical changes in leaves of mustard by employing different varieties and different treatments such as different combined doses of biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer, different doses of growth retardant cycocel, different doses of compost. Untreated seeds were used as control. Among all the varieties,B9 showed higher accumulation of chlorophyll, sugar, amino acid, ascorbic acid, phenol and proline. Treatment T3( 3/4 chemical fertilizer :1/4 biofertilizer ) and 300 ppm cycocel treatment stimulated the enhanced level of chlorophyll, sugar, ascorbic acid, phenol and proline in leaves of mustard. Higher accumulation of chlorophyll, sugar, amino acid, ascorbic acid, phenol and proline were recorded from T4(7.5 mt.ha) treatment of compost. Combined application of biofertilizers, growth retardant and compost can therefore be employed for regulating crop metabolism and physiological responses resulting into better crop growth and enhanced protection against pathogens and pest.
Soil CO2 efflux rates in different tropical vegetation types in French Guiana

La respiration du sol a ete mesuree de juillet a septembre 1994 dans trois types de vegetation (une foret primaire, une plantation de bois dur et une coupe claire) pres de Sinnamary, Guyane Francaise (5°15' Nord, 52°55' Ouest), en utilisant un systeme portable d'analyse de gaz infrarouge. Les valeurs moyennes de flux de CO 2 du sol ont ete de 2.3 μmol m -2 s -1 dans la foret primaire, de 2.9 μmol m -2 s -1 dans la plantation et de 2.5 μmol m -2 s -1 dans la coupe claire. Les changements journaliers de flux de CO 2 du sol dans la foret et dans la plantation de bois dur n'ont pas montre de variations significatives. Aucune correlation entre la respiration du sol et la temperature du sol n'a ete detectee dans ces deux types de vegetation. Dans la coupe claire, un pic tres prononce dans la respiration du sol s'est produit dans l'apres-midi. Celui-ci a ete fortement correle avec la temperature du sol. Dans chacun des trois sites, la variation spatiale de la respiration du sol a depasse la variation temporelle. Nous avons etudie la correlation entre la respiration du sol et plusieurs variables biotiques et abiotiques: la temperature du sol, l'humidite du sol, la densite des racines, la quantite de litiere, le contenu en matiere organique, et le ratio C/N de la matiere organique. Seulement la densite des racines a ete correlee avec les variations spatiales de flux de CO 2 du sol.
Hydrogen bonding interactions and miscibility between phenolic resin and octa(acetoxystyryl) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (AS‐POSS) nanocomposites

We have synthesized a polyhedral oligomeric silisesquioxane (POSS) derivative containing eight acetoxystyryl functional groups (octa(acetoxystyryl)octasil- sesquioxane (AS-POSS)) and then blended it with phenolic resin to form nanocompo- sites stabilized through hydrogen bonding interactions between the phenolic resin's hydroxyl group and the AS-POSS derivative's carbonyl and siloxane groups. One- and two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy analyses provided positive evidence for these types of hydrogen bonding interactions. In addition, we calculated the interas- sociation equilibrium constant, based on the Painter-Coleman association model (PCAM), between phenolic resin and POSS indirectly from the fraction of hydrogen- bonded carbonyl groups; quantitative analyses indicate that the hydroxyl-siloxane interassociation from the PCAM is entirely consistent with the classical Coggesthall and Saier (C and S) methodology. From a thermal analysis, we observed that the mis- cibility between phenolic and AS-POSS occurs at a relatively low AS-POSS content, which characterizes this mixture as a polymer nanocomposite system. V
Mapping the market: market-literacy for agricultural research and policy to tackle rural poverty in Africa

Within policy, research and development agendas, there has been a re-emergence of interest in agriculture and pro-poor growth in rural areas. A number of multilateral and bilateral aid agencies, for example, Department for International Development, Asian Development Bank and Swedish International Development Agency, have developed ‘making markets work for the poor’ conceptual frameworks and integrated them into their development assistance agenda at the country level. The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), a strategic alliance of members, partners and international agricultural centres that mobilizes science to benefit the poor, now recognises that smallholder farmers’ livelihoods depend on much more than the production of food staples. The CGIAR is now conducting research on how farmers can better access markets. Many NGOs that have traditionally focused on working with farmers to improve agricultural production and productivity are also broadening their activities to include production, processing and marketing.
Comparison of depression and quality of life of mothers and fathers of children with cerebral palsy

Introduction: In the present study, quality of life (QoL) and depression levels of the fathers of children with cerebral palsy (CP) were investigated and compared with mothers of children with CP and fathers of healthy children. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 children with spastic cerebral palsy and their fathers and mothers were included in the study. Control group comprised fathers of 30 healthy children. Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) was used for evaluating the functional status of the children. Spasticity was measured by using Modified Ashworth scale. QoL of the parents was assessed by using Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and depression by Beck Depression Scale (BDS). Results: Differences among groups were significant in BDS, energy, social isolation and emotional reactions subgroups of NHP according to Kruskal-Wallis test (p< 0.05). Scores of BDS and NHP energy, social isolation and emotional reactions subscores were significantly higher in mothers than in fathers (p< 0.05). BDS and NHP energy subscores of fathers were found as significantly higher than that of controls (p< 0.05). Conclusion: In the light of these findings, it was concluded that mothers of children with cerebral palsy have worse functioning than their fathers on QoL in terms of mood and social relations. When social roles of men and women in Turkey were taken into account, these were expected results. In our country, women generally take care of house working and children, and men are responsible for family income. Although fathers are not affected as much as mothers; a disabled child has negative effects on QoL of all individuals in the family, particularly mothers, with respect to emotional and social functions.
Oleogel: A promising base for transdermal formulations

Since last two decades the work on oleogels is being exploited in pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and nutraceutical industries for their desired rheological, physical, and chemical stabilities in semisolid formulations. Recently, we had developed a stable and efficacious oleogel containing diclofenac diethylamine for topical application.The present review article deals with the literature of oleogels including its application in various fields from last few decades till date. The literature reveals that the oleogels have simplicity in manufacturing, high physical, chemical, and mechanical stability and better invivo efficacy,which make them appropriate to employ as bases for topical formulations.
Joint Effect of Heterogeneous Intrinsic Noise Sources on Instability of MEMS Resonators

This article's focus is on the numerical estimation of the overall instability of microelectromechanical-system-based (MEMS) resonators, caused by intrinsic noise mechanisms that are different in nature (electrical, mechanical or chemical). Heterogeneous intrinsic noise sources in MEMS resonators that have been addressed here are Johnson–Nyquist noise, 1/f noise, noise caused by temperature fluctuations and adsorptiondesorption induced noise. Their models are given first (based on analytical modeling or based on empirical expressions with experimentally obtained parameters). Then it is shown how each one contributes to the phase noise, a unique figure of merit of resonators instability. Material dependent constants  and knee position in noise spectrum, needed for empirical formulae referring to 1/f noise, have been obtained experimentally, by measurements of noise of MEMS components produced in the Centre of Microelectronic Technologies of the Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy in Belgrade. According to these measurements,  varies in the range from 0.776. 10-4 to 2.26. 10-4 and cut off frequency for 1/f noise varies from 147 Hz to 1 kHz. The determined values are then used for the modeling of micro-resonator phase noise with electrical origin and overall phase noise of a micro-resonator. Numerical example for calculation of overall phase noise is given for a micro-cantilever, produced by the same technology as measured components. The outlined noise analysis can be easily extended and applied to noise analysis of MEMS resonator of an arbitrary shape.