Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Starvation in Ad-hoc and Mesh Networks : Modeling , Solutions , and Measurements

In this thesis, starvation is defined as the phenomena where a flow receives throughput persistently and severely l ower than its reference rate. Throughout the thesis, I investiga te the cause of starvation, explore its solution space, and pre s nt mechanisms to counter starvation in both ad-hoc and mesh networks where CSMA protocols are deployed as the medium access mechanism. I first show that the root cause for starvat ion is incomplete and asymmetric channel state perceived by diffe r nt stations even in very simple multi-hop scenario consistingof only two one-hop flows. Other factors that can contribute to starvation include closed-loop congestion control, multi -channel coordination, and imperfect clock synchronization. I anal yze the effect of these factors on starvation by simulations, analy sis and real world experiments. Motived by the analysis, I devis e a protocol that utilizes multiple channels to counter starvation in ad-hoc networks, and propose a contention window policy t o counter starvation in mesh networks.
Cell culture and PCR determination of poliovirus inactivation by disinfectants

Inactivation of poliovirus type 1 by 1 N HCl, 1 N NaOH, 0.5 and 1.0 mg of free chlorine per liter, and UV light was compared by using cell culture and seminested PCR (30 cycles of reverse transcriptase-PCR plus 30 cycles of seminested PCR). A minimum contact time of 45 min with HCl, 3 min with NaOH, 3 and 6 min with 1.0 and 0.5 mg of free chlorine per liter, respectively, was required to render 1.64 x 10(2) PFU of poliovirus type 1 per ml undetectable by seminested PCR. In cell culture, a minimum contact time of 5 min to HCl, 30 s to NaOH, and 1 min to either chlorine concentration was required to render the viruses undetectable by the plaque assay method. No correlation was observed between results by PCR and cell culture when viruses were exposed to UV light. These data suggest that inactivated virus with intact nucleic acid sequences can be detected by PCR.
Regulation of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by Zac1, a novel zinc finger protein expressed in the pituitary gland and the brain

The proliferation rate of a cell population reflects a balance between cell division, cell cycle arrest, differentiation and apoptosis. The regulation of these processes is central to development and tissue homeostasis, whereas dysregulation may lead to overt pathological outcomes, notably cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. We report here the cloning of a novel zinc finger protein which regulates apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and was accordingly named Zac1. In vitro Zac1 inhibited proliferation of tumor cells, as evidenced by measuring colony formation, growth rate and cloning in soft agar. In vivo Zac1 abrogated tumor formation in nude mice. The antiproliferative activity of Zac1 was due to induction of extensive apoptosis and of G1 arrest, which proceeded independently of retinoblastoma protein and of regulation of p21WAF1/Cip1, p27Kip1, p57Kip2 and p16INK4a expression. Zac1‐mediated apoptosis was unrelated to cell cycle phase and G1 arrest was independent of apoptosis, indicating separate control of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Zac1 is thus the first gene besides p53 which concurrently induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
Disruption of genes encoding pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases leads to retarded growth on acetate and ethanol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Two open reading frames, YIL042c (PKP1) and YGL059w, with 25% sequence similarity to human pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases, were shown to have protein kinase activity. Using GFP fusions, it was demonstrated that the proteins localize in discrete submitochondrial regions. Strains with a null mutation in these loci grew poorly on acetate and ethanol as carbon sources. Doubling times increased from ca. 4 h in the wild‐type to > 6 h for the mutants. Growth rates of the mutants could be restored to wild‐type levels by simultaneous disruption of the PDA1 gene, encoding the E1α subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. This observation and the pyruvate dehydrogenase activities measured in the mutant strains and the wild‐type grown on glucose or acetate suggest that the slow growth phenotype on C2 carbon sources is caused by a futile cycle in which phosphoenolpyruvate is converted back to acetyl coenzyme A. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A prospective molecular study of chimaerism in patients with haematological malignancies receiving unrelated cord blood or bone marrow transplants: detection of mixed chimaerism predicts graft failure with or without early autologous reconstitution in cord blood recipients

We prospectively studied the chimaerism status in the bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) of 23 patients receiving umbilical cord (UCB, 14 cases) or BM (nine cases) transplants from unrelated donors by PCR amplification of four individual‐specific VNTR genetic loci. Haematological engraftment, with persistent full donor pattern, was observed in 10/14 (72%) patients receiving UCB and in 9/9 (100%) patients transplanted with marrow from an unrelated donor (MUD). In contrast, the remaining four patients converted to an autologous pattern. Three out of these four patients had an early autologous haematological reconstitution reaching a neutrophil level >0.5 × 109/l at days 27, 33 and 37 after transplant, respectively. In all three of these patients, chimaerism analysis demonstrated an early appearance of donor cells (i.e. within 35 d after UCB transplant) showing a transient full donor (one case) or mixed chimaerism condition (two cases). Despite the early autologous haemopoietic reconstitution, one of the three patients died of GVHD at day 60, which was explained by the demonstration of low levels of donor lymphoid cells. In the MUD group all nine patients converted to a persistent full donor pattern with haematological reconstitution, accompanied in two of them by transient mixed chimaerism lasting to days 60 and 270 after transplant. Our data show that monitoring of chimaerism may predict graft failure with or without early autologous haemopoietic reconstitution in patients receiving unrelated UCB transplants. Furthermore, chimaerism analysis may identify, in patients with autologous reconstitution, those at risk of severe GVHD in whom immunosuppressive therapy should not be discontinued.
Eight‐year study of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in an Indian teaching hospital

Summary. A total of 651 patients with clinically suspected allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) were evaluated during the 8‐year period from January 1991 to December 1998. Overall, 338 cases (51.9%) were positive either by sputum microscopy/culture (66 of 203 patients), by skin reactivity (150 of 309 cases), or by precipitating antibodies (122 of 338 patients) against Aspergillus species. However, in 89 patients, diagnosis of ABPA was confirmed on the basis of Rosenberg's criteria. Clinical profile and laboratory findings of those patients were analysed. The disease was found to be more common among males. Poor control of asthma, constitutional symptoms, mucopurulent expectoration, increased dyspnoea and wheezing and rhonchi were the main presenting features. Skin reactivity against aspergillin was seen in 73 (82%), precipitating antibodies against Aspergillus species were positive in 64 (72%) and sputum microscopy/culture was positive in 56 (63%) of those 89 patients. Central bronchiectasis and fleeting shadows were the most common radiological findings. This study highlights the importance of ABPA in north India and draws attention to the need for further analysis of criteria to use in the diagnosis of patients with ABPA.
Acetyl-CoA Synthetase 2, a Mitochondrial Matrix Enzyme Involved in the Oxidation of Acetate*

Using peptide sequences derived from bovine cardiac acetyl-CoA synthetase (AceCS), we isolated and characterized cDNAs for a bovine and murine cardiac enzyme designated AceCS2. We also isolated a murine cDNA encoding a hepatic type enzyme, designated AceCS1, identical to one reported recently (Luong, A., Hannah, V. C., Brown, M. S., and Goldstein, J. L. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 26458–26466). Murine AceCS1 and AceCS2 were purified to homogeneity and characterized. Among C2–C5 short and medium chain fatty acids, both enzymes preferentially utilize acetate with similar affinity. The AceCS2 transcripts are expressed in a wide range of tissues, with the highest levels in heart, and are apparently absent from the liver. The levels of AceCS2 mRNA in skeletal muscle were increased markedly under ketogenic conditions. Subcellular fractionation revealed that AceCS2 is a mitochondrial matrix enzyme. [14C]Acetate incorporation indicated that acetyl-CoAs produced by AceCS2 are utilized mainly for oxidation.
Investigation of in vitro release kinetics of carbamazepine from Eudragit® RS PO and RL PO matrix tablets.

Purpose: The objective of this research work was to prepare and evaluate the effect of Eudragit RS PO and Eudragit RL PO polymers on the physical property and release characteristics of carbamazepine matrix tablets. Methods: Matrix tablets containing carbamazepine were prepared with Eudragit® RS PO alone as the rate-retarding polymer (coded batch series ‘A’) and also with a combination of Eudragit® RS PO and RL PO (coded batch series ‘B’). The tablets were characterized for hardness as well as for carbamazepine release. The release data were subjected to different models in order to evaluate their release kinetics and mechanisms. Results: The hardness of batch series ‘A’ matrix tablet was >160 kg/cm2 while for batch series ‘B’, it was >170 kg/cm2. Carbamazepine tablets containing only Eudragit RS PO showed very slow release (less than 6% in 8 h) but when Eudragit RL PO was blended with Eudragit RS PO, the release rate improved significantly to 44% in 24 h (p Conclusion: Carbamazepine matrix tablets of satisfactory hardness were produced. Furthermore, by blending Eudragit RS PO with Eudragit RL PO in the matrix, tablets of varying release characteristics can be prepared.
On the coefficients of the minimal polynomials of Gaussian periods

Let 1 be a prime number and m a divisor of I1 -I. Then the Gauss period t-) = + + 12 + . + m ,where 4 = e2n'ill and )A is a primitive mth root of unity modulo 1, generates a subfield K of Q(4) of degree (1 1)/m. In this paper we study the reciprocal minimal polynomial F, m(X) = NK/Q(I wX) of to over Q. It will be shown that for fixed m and every N we have F, m(X) = (Bm(X)1/(1 mX))l/m (mod XN) for all but finitely many "exceptional primes" 1 (depending on m and N), where Bm (X) E Z[[X]] is a power series depending only on m . A method of computation of this set of exceptional primes is presented. The generalization of the results to the case of composite 1 is also discussed. 1. STATEMENT OF RESULTS Let I be an odd prime numberl and I 1 = m * d a decomposition of I 1 into positive factors. Then there is a unique cyclic extension Kd/Q of degree d ramified only at 1. It is contained in the cyclotomic field Q(C) (C = primitive Ith root of unity) and is generated over Q by the Gaussian period cl = TrQ(C)/Kd = C + C1 + C1 +* + Am-1 where A E (Z/lZ) x is a primitive mth root of unity modulo 1. The minimal polynomial of cc), fi m(X) = x -|( (cr + cAr + C12r + . + CAm-IT) rE3 where 3 denotes a set of coset representatives for (Z/lZ) x modulo (A), gives an explicit irreducible polynomial of degree d with cyclic Galois group and discriminant a power of 1. We include I and m rather than I and d into the notation because we will be studying the coefficients of these polynomials for m fixed and I varying. Specifically, we will show that for m and n fixed the nth coefficient "from the end" of fl,m(X) is a polynomial in I for all but finitely many "exceptional" primes 1, and we will describe the computation of this polynomial and of the set of exceptional primes. The statement about the nth coefficient being a polynomial in I for I large, and some of our other Received by the editor August 19, 1991 and, in revised form, January 3, 1992. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 1 lL05, 1 1T22; Secondary 1 lY40. 1The case of composite 1 will be considered briefly in ? 5. Q 1993 American Mathematical Society 0025-5718/93 $1.00 + $. 25 per page
Microbial production of auxin indole-3-acetic acid in marine sediments

Auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was detected in marine sediments for the first time using HPLC and immunological identification methods. The IAA content of the interstitial water In sediments varied, in the order of I O ' ~ to 1 0 ~ m01 I ' , with sampling season and location. The content in seawater was much lower than that of sediments, ca 10-" to 10-l0 1no1 l-' Considerable amounts of IAA were produced by various marine bacteria in vitro, especially in the presence of tryptophan. IAA production and accumulation was also enhanced when glucose, tryptophan and natural seaweed substrates were added to sediments and incubated under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions in the dark, which suggests that the natural microbial community contributes to IAA production in sedirnents. The amount of IAA that accumulated in the water surrounding sediments reached I O ~ m01 I-' in the presence of seaweed substrate, and corresponded to the level in glucose plus tryptophan. Auxin-active compounds produced during microbial decay of natural organic materials may affect algal growth in natural environments.
Synchronization and Anti-synchronization of double hump Duffing-Van der Pol Oscillators via Active Control

This paper investigates the synchronization and anti-synchronization behaviour of two identical double-hump Duffing-Van der Pol oscillator (DHDVP) evolving from different initial conditions using the active control technique based on the Lyapunov stability theory (LST) and the Routh-Hurwitz criteria (RHC). The designed controllers, with three different choices of the coefficient matrix of the error dynamics that satisfy the LST and RHC, are found to be effective in the stabilization of the error states at the origin, thereby, achieving synchronization and anti-synchronization between the states variables of two DHDVP oscillators. Interestingly, one of the choices leads to a single control function, thereby, reducing controller complexity for easy implementation. The results are validated by numerical simulations.
Design of compact bandpass filter based on quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide with mixed coupling

In this paper, a compact bandpass filter using quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide (QMSIW) cavities with mixed coupling is presented. The mixed coupling is realized by etching a coplanar waveguide(CPW) at the magnetic coupled neighborhood section of two cascaded QMSIW resonators, which introduces two transmission zeros at the lower and higher rejection band. The filter enjoys merits of good selectivity, miniaturized size and wide stop band. In order to verify the design concept, a bandpass filter with center frequency of 8.625GHz is fabricated and measured. The measured results show good agreement with the simulated results.
19 System Identification of NN-based Model Reference Control of RUAV during Hover Bhaskar

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are becoming more and more popular in a wide field of applications nowadays. UAVs are used in number of military application for gathering information and military attacks. In the future will likely see unmanned aircraft employed, offensively, for bombing and ground attack. As a tool for research and rescue, UAVs can help find humans lost in the wilderness, trapped in collapsed buildings, or drift at sea. It is also used in civil application in fire station, police observation of crime disturbance and natural disaster prevention, where the human observer will be risky to fight the fire. There is wide variety of UAV shapes, sizes, configuration and characteristics. Therefore, there is a growing demand for UAV control systems, and many projects either commercial or academic destined to design a UAV autopilot were held recently. A lot of impressive results had already been achieved, and many UAVs, more or less autonomous, are used by various organizations. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) [3] is an information processing paradigm that is stimulated by the way biological nervous systems, such as the brain, process information. The key element of this paradigm is the novel structure of the information processing system. Basically, a neural network (NN) is composed of a set of nodes (Fig. 1). Each node is connected to the others via a set of links. Information is transmitted from the input to the output cells depending of the strength of the links. Usually, neural networks operate in two phases. The first phase is a learning phase where each of the nodes and links adjust their strength in order to match with the desired output. A learning algorithm is in charge of this process. When the learning phase is complete, the NN is ready to recognize the incoming information and to work as a pattern recognition system. ANNs, like people, learn by example. An ANN is configured for a specific application, such as pattern recognition or data classification, through a learning process. Learning in biological systems involves adjustments to the synaptic connections that exist between the neurons.
The Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders: background, inter-rater reliability and clinical use.

BACKGROUND The Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders (DISCO) is a schedule for the diagnosis of autistic spectrum and related disorders and assessment of individual needs. It enables information to be recorded systematically for a wide range of behaviours and developmental skills and is suitable for use with all ages and levels of ability. In addition to helping the clinician to obtain a profile of each individual's pattern of development and behaviour, the DISCO also enables identification of specific features found in autistic spectrum disorders that are relevant for use with established diagnostic systems. METHOD This paper describes the historical background of the DISCO, outlines its structure and reports the results of an inter-rater reliability study with parents of 82 children aged 3 to 11 years with autistic spectrum disorder, learning disability, language disorder or typical development. RESULTS Inter-rater reliability for the items in the interview was high (kappa coefficient or intra-class correlation at .75 or higher). This level of agreement was achieved for over 80% of the interview items.
Chloroplast DNA variation in Dactylis glomerata L. taxa endemic to the Macaronesian islands

In the Dactylis glomerata infraspecific polyploid grass complex, restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) were studied in diploid and tetraploid populations of several taxa endemic to Macaronesia (Madeira and the Canary islands) and in populations from the African and European continental areas closest to Macaronesia. Two chlorotypes, which differed by a single 290‐bp length mutation, were observed in the Macaronesian and the continental populations. Chlorotype I, which is predominant in the whole D. glomerata complex, was found in the majority of continental populations. It was also observed in the most western Macaronesian islands, in the two diploid taxa endemic to the lowland scrub and the high elevation heath of Tenerife, respectively, and in tetraploids endemic to Madeira and La Palma. These island populations were growing under the influence of humid trade winds. Chlorotype II was found in the eastern part of the Archipelago (closer to Africa), which experienced subarid Mediterranean climate conditions, and in very few diploid and tetraploid Mediterranean populations growing at high elevation on the continent. This geographical and climatic distribution of chlorotype variation in Macaronesia is consistent with that reported previously for morphological, allozyme and phenolic variation in the same plant material. Chlorotype II was, however, also observed in tetraploid populations from La Gomera island and in one of the seven tetraploid populations analysed from Madeira, which all showed clearly subtropical characters for morphology, allozymes and phenolic compounds. This result suggests that cpDNA introgression has occurred more than once from the Mediterranean material into the subtropical one and may indicate that colonization between the mainland and islands, or among the islands, probably played a major role in the geographical pattern observed for that marker.
Blood Glucose Pattern Management in Diabetes: Creating Order from Disorder

Background: Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is the most accessible way to assess glycemic patterns, and interpretation of these patterns can provide reasons for poor glycemic control and suggest management strategies. Furthermore, diabetes management based on blood glucose (BG) patterns is associated with improved patient outcomes. The aim of this review is therefore to evaluate the impact of pattern management in clinical practice. Methods: We included a review of available literature, a discussion of obstacles to implementation of SMBG and pattern management, and suggestions on how clinicians and patients might work together to optimize this management feature. Results: The literature review revealed eight publications specifically describing structured approaches to SMBG and pattern management. Specific information on how SMBG might be structured to detect BG patterns, however, remains limited. Barriers to pattern management include not just practical reasons, but emotional and psychological reasons as well. Conclusions: Patterns are not always easy to detect or interpret, but on-meter and web-based tools can support both patients and clinicians. Ultimately, successful pattern management requires education and mutual commitment from the clinician and patient—ongoing collaboration is needed to obtain, review, and interpret SMBG values and to make changes based on the patterns.
The Risk Assessment of Groundwater Pollution in the Dawu Water Source

The paper takes the typical Karst-Phreatic in the north of China-Dawu Water Source as an example, and the risk assessment of groundwater pollution is conducted by using the Overlay and Index method. Unsaturated zone media, net recharge, rich water property of aquifer and depth to groundwater table are chose as the intrinsic vulnerability indexes, and types of land use, sources of pollutants and extent of groundwater exploitation are chose as the special vulnerability indexes. Indexes weights are determined by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The risk assessment map is obtained based on the spatial analysis platform of Geographical Information System. The rationality of the risk assessment model and risk assessment results are validated by using the Single-Parameter Sensitivity Method and groundwater anomalies, respectively. The study area is classified into highest risk, higher risk, middle risk, lower risk and lowest risk sub areas based on the qualitative evaluation results. Results show that highest and higher risk sub areas account for 39.0%, which are located at a certain Petrochemical Company and the Gougao-Xiaowu area, the unsaturated zone media is the most sensitive factor in the risk assessment of groundwater pollution. The risk map obtained from the Overlay and Index Method is a promising tool for the design of groundwater management and protection schemes, which contributes to the development of human survival.