Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Recognition Among HIV-Infected Adults: Empirical Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Kenya

This paper uses data from a randomized controlled trial to study the impacts of food supplementation and medical treatment on the receipt of human recognition by malnourished, HIV-infected adults in Kenya. Questions specially designed to measure human recognition were included in the trial, demonstrating how data on human recognition can be collected and analyzed as part of research or programs. The data are used to examine the impacts of interventions on human recognition, the determinants of human recognition receipt, and the role that human recognition plays in nutritional status and subjective well-being. Food supplementation has a significant, independent, positive impact on recognition received at completion of 6 months of food supplementation, but this effect does not persist 6 months after completion of the supplementation. The location of the study sites appears to play a significant role in the changes in human recognition, with smaller improvements among subjects at clinics in urban slums of Nairobi than among subjects in district and provincial hospitals outside of Nairobi, controlling for demographic, socio-economic, and health characteristics. Women receive lower levels of human recognition than men and also have worse mental health; further study is needed to better understand the relationship among gender, mental health, and human recognition. There is some evidence of an association between nutritional status and human recognition, but findings about the role human recognition plays in nutritional status and subjective well-being are mixed and further study is needed in this area, possibly over a longer timeframe than 12 months.
A Energy-aware Multipath Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Recently,there has been a growing interest in the potential use of Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)in many applications such as smart environments,disaster management,combat field reconnaissance,and security surveillance.Therefore,to realize their potential,there is a need of an simulation platform that facilities the research of wireless sensor network.This paper focuses on developing node energy consumption in WSN.Therefore,we proposed a energy consumption model based on Markov chain,Furthermore,using the proposed algorithm to improve the multi-paths route scheme can extend the lifetime of the whole WSN by remaining load evenly distributed among several paths.According to performance comparison between the traditional algorithm and the new method,numerical results have been proved feasible.
The impact of digital design representations on synchronous collaborative behaviour

Recent technological developments in Human Computer Interaction (HCI) are offering new collaborative design environments to designers. Design thinking and design representations have changed with the introduction of digital tools such as digital sketching, 3D modeling applications, rendering, multi-user 3D virtual worlds and collaborative virtual environments. The aim of the study is to identify similarities and differences between remote digital sketching and 3D modeling in virtual environments, in order to have a better understanding of the impact of design representation on design collaboration. We report the results of an experiment using protocol analysis. Our analysis shows that the designers demonstrate different collaborative cognitive actions in the remote sketching and the 3D modeling environment. The results of the study with regard to the research objectives are discussed.
Thinking for yourself: Developing critical thinking skills through writing

Part I: Basics of critical thinking. Chapter 1 Observation skills. Chapter 2 Work skills. Chapter 3 Facts. Chapter 4 Inferences. Part II: Problems of critical thinking. Chapter 5 Assumptions. Chapter 6 Opinions. Chapter 7 Evaluation. Chapter 8 Viewpoints. Chapter 9 Research skills. Part III: Forms and standards of critical thinking. Chapter 10 Inductive reasoning and inductive fallacies. Chapter 11 Deductive reasoning and deductive fallacies. Chapter 12 Critical analysis of argumentation. Index
Impact of transmission power control on appearance of traffic long-range dependence in DS-CDMA cellular system

Long-range dependence exists in the traffic fluctuations of wired communications systems, which has a bad influence on system performance. On the other hand, interdependence among system components (i.e., interference among users) can be a cause of long-range dependence in cellular system traffic. Moreover, the influence of the interference depends on the transmission power control scheme adopted in the cellular system. From the viewpoint of the long-range dependence caused by interdependence among system components, we analyze the influence of transmission power control schemes on the traffic long-range dependence in a DS-CDMA cellular system by computer simulation. From the simulation results, it is found that the long-range dependence is caused by some transmission power control schemes, and we investigate the cause of the long-range dependence by comparing several power control schemes.
Flexible query processing of SPARQL queries

SPARQL is the predominant language for querying RDF data, which is the standard model for representing web data and more specifically Linked Open Data (a collection of heterogeneous connected data). Datasets in RDF form can be hard to query by a user if she does not have a full knowledge of the structure of the dataset. Moreover, many datasets in Linked Data are often extracted from actual web page content which might lead to incomplete or inaccurate data. We extend SPARQL 1.1 with two operators, APPROX and RELAX, previously introduced in the context of regular path queries. Using these operators we are able to support exible querying over the property path queries of SPARQL 1.1. We call this new language SPARQLAR. Using SPARQLAR users are able to query RDF data without fully knowing the structure of a dataset. APPROX and RELAX encapsulate different aspects of query flexibility: finding different answers and finding more answers, respectively. This means that users can access complex and heterogeneous datasets without the need to know precisely how the data is structured. One of the open problems we address is how to combine the APPROX and RELAX operators with a pragmatic language such as SPARQL. We also devise an implementation of a system that evaluates SPARQLAR queries in order to study the performance of the new language. We begin by defining the semantics of SPARQLAR and the complexity of query evaluation. We then present a query processing technique for evaluating SPARQLAR queries based on a rewriting algorithm and prove its soundness and completeness. During the evaluation of a SPARQLAR query we generate multiple SPARQL 1.1 queries that are evaluated against the dataset. Each such query will generate answers with a cost that indicates their distance with respect to the exact form of the original SPARQLAR query. Our prototype implementation incorporates three optimisation techniques that aim to enhance query execution performance: the first optimisation is a pre-computation technique that caches the answers of parts of the queries generated by the rewriting algorithm. These answers will then be reused to avoid the re-execution of those sub-queries. The second optimisation utilises a summary of the dataset to discard queries that it is known will not return any answer. The third optimisation technique uses the query containment concept to discard queries whose answers would be returned by another query at the same or lower cost. We conclude by conducting a performance study of the system on three different RDF datasets: LUBM (Lehigh University Benchmark), YAGO and DBpedia.
Folk music : connecting young children and their families to American roots

This paper will uncover the similarities between American folk music and Central and South American songs of revolution as a way to connect new immigrants to American culture. I will then discuss ways in which teachers can use music and songbooks to teach literacy, particularly to emergent language learners. Finally, I have translated and illustrated a popular English folk song, “If I had a Hammer,” by Pete Seeger, as a bilingual tool for early childhood teachers to begin the conversation about the connections between the varying classroom cultures. Folk Music: Connecting Young Children and Their Families to American Roots
INCIDENCE OF TONSILLECTOMY COMPLICATIONS (A 10-YEAR STUDY OF 4042 CASES)

Background: According to the prevalence of tonsillectomy, this study was performed to evaluate the complications in patients that had referred between the years 1989 and 1998. Materials and Methods: This was an observational retrospective study performed on 4042 patients who underwent tonsillectomy during 10 years. (From those, 2708 cases underwent surgery in one center and the remaining 1324 cases underwent tonsillectomy in another center by otolaryngologists). Records of the patients in both groups were surveyed in regard to complications. Results: A total number of 113 (2.79%) patients had complications. Complications were mostly seen in the age group of 5-9 years. The most common complication was bleeding which occurred in 59 patients (1.46%). Other complications in order of prevalence were clot formation or hematoma in the tonsillar fossa, tongue and soft palate edema, airway obstruction, hoarseness, persistent vomiting, infection of the parapharyngeal space, dental complications, remaining of a broken needle in tonsillar fossa, and death. Conclusion: According to the high prevalence of tonsillectomy in our country and high rate of bleeding and its related risks which may even lead to death and also the role of skill and attention of the surgeon and anesthesiologist during surgery and postoperative care in recovery room and in the ward, it is recommended for the surgeon to consider all of the related cares and perform surgery after acquiring the necessary skill with the help of an expert anesthesiologist to minimize the complications. (Tanaffos 2004; 3(11): 65-69)
Observer reliability for working equine welfare assessment: problems with high prevalences of certain results

Welfare issues relevant to equids working in developing countries may differ greatly to those of sport and companion equids in developed countries. In this study, we test the observer reliability of a working equine welfare assessment, demonstrating how prevalence of certain observations reduces reliability ratings. The assessment included behaviour, general health, wounds, and limb and foot pathologies. In Study 1, agreement between five observers and their trainer (the ‘gold standard’) was assessed using 80 horses and 80 donkeys in India. Intra-observer agreement was later tested on 40 of each species. Study 2 took place in Egypt, using nine observers, their trainer, 30 horses and 30 donkeys, adjusting some scoring systems and providing observers with more detailed guidelines than in Study 1. Percentage agreements, Fleiss kappa (with a weighted version for ordinal scores) and prevalence indices were calculated for each variable. Reliability was similar across both studies, but was significantly poorer for donkeys than horses. Age, sex, certain wounds and (for horses alone) body condition, consistently attained clinically-useful reliability. Hoofhorn quality, point-of-hock lesions, mucous membrane abnormalities, limb-tether lesions, and skin tenting showed poor reliability. Reporting the prevalence index alongside the percentage agreement showed that, for many variables, the populations were too homogenous for conclusive reliability ratings. Suggestions are made for improving scoring systems showing poor reliability, but future testing will require deliberate selection of a more diverse equine population. This could prove challenging given that, in both populations of horses and donkeys studied here, many pathologies apparently showed 90-100% prevalence.
Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Audiotory Intellectually Repetition dalam Pengajaran Matematika di Kelas VII MTs

Pengajaran matematika hingga saat ini masih memperlihatkan dominasi guru dan mengakibatkan lemahnya pengembangan potensi diri siswa sehingga hasil belajar yang dicapai tidak optimal. Proses pembelajaran pada kelas VII di MTs Negeri Kelayan Banjarmasin menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran matematika biasanya dilakukan menggunakan model pembelajaran langsung atau yang berpusat pada guru. Untuk itu perlu dicari suatu pembelajaran yang berpusat pada siswa. Model pembelajaran Auditory Intellectually Repetition ( AIR ) dapat dijadikan suatu solusi pengajaran yang inovatif dalam mengoptimalkan hasil belajar matematika. Berdasarkan hal tersebut dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui hasil belajar matematika siswa yang menggunaka n model pembelajaran AIR maupun yang menggunaka n model pembelajaran langsung, dan efektivitas model pembelajaran AIR untuk diterapkan di kelas VII MTs Negeri Kelayan Banjarmasin. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan populasi seluruh siswa kelas VII MTs Negeri Kelayan Banjarmasin. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive random sampling . Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dokumentasi dan tes. Teknik analisis data menggunakan rata-rata, standar deviasi, uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, uji t dan uji U Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil belajar matematika siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran AIR berada pada kualifikasi baik Hasil belajar matematika siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran langsung berada pada kualifikasi kurang. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran AIR efektif diterapkan dalam pengajaran matematika di kelas VII MTs Negeri Kelayan Banjarmasin. Kata kunci : model pembelajaran AIR, model pembelajaran langsung, hasil belajar
Discriminating the registers and styles in the Modern Greek language

This article investigates (a) whether register discrimination can successfully exploit linguistic information reflecting the evolution of a language (such as the diglossia phenomenon of the Modern Greek language) and (b) what kind of linguistic information and which statistical techniques may be employed to distinguish among individual styles within one register. Using clustering techniques and features reflecting the diglossia phenomenon, we have successfully discriminated registers in Modern Greek. However, diglossia information has not been shown sufficient to distinguish among individual styles within one register. Instead, a large number of linguistic features need to be studied with methods such as discriminant analysis in order to obtain a high degree of discrimination accuracy.
Efficient layered fragment buffer techniques

Open GL, OpenGL ES, and WebGL Community Experiences provides writings and insights from experienced developers, researchers, educators and hardware vendors who all provide techniques for using Open GL, OpenGL ES and WebGL for development. It outlines theories and concepts, applies them to real-world applications, and includes source code and demos on an accompanying website, linking practical models for success with specific details on OpenGL's many attributes and possibilities. No other book offers the depth of technical coverage of this, making it a key acquisition for any computer collection seeking a definitive reference outlining the basics and advanced applications of OpenGL.
Information based feature selection for supervised motor unit action potential classification

The decomposition of a myoelectric (ME) signal into its constituent motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) can be considered as a classification problem. The choice of features used can affect the classifier performance. Using an information measure applied to clustering results the most discriminative features from a set of 32 time samples were selected. The full set of time samples, information-selected features, linear discriminant analysis and principle component analysis were used for the supervised classification of real MUAP data. Results suggest that the sets of information-selected features were an efficient representation of lower dimension which provided high accuracy classification with reduced computational requirements.
The Role of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in the Surgical Management of Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

The management of muscle invasive bladder cancer represents an unresolved clinical challenge. Invasive urothelial carcinomas are associated with high mortality rates and early metastatic disease. Radical cystectomy is a recognized standard of care, although disease-free survival outcomes remain suboptimal. The limitations of pre-operative clinical staging, as well as the complex natural history of the disease, precludes the introduction of simple management protocols. To what degree chemotherapy and radiotherapy may be useful in the surgical management of invasive bladder cancer remains contentious. This literature review critically examines the benefits, risks and difficulties of each approach, with an emphasis on individually tailored therapy.
An architecture for enhancing image processing via parallel genetic algorithms and data compression

This paper improves the parallel genetic algorithm (PGA) by applying data compression techniques to the image in order to minimise the data manipulated by the chromosomes. Image registration is performed in the compressed domain and the chromosomes encode the transform in this domain. The transform must then be converted back to the real world domain for practical use. Consequently the chip area can be decreased by the compression factor, and the processing time for the image can be improved. A variety of compression techniques can be used, for example JPEG, Fractal, various forms of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), run length encoding, Huffman encoding, and Arithmetic encoding. For image registration purposes the compression method must be fast and provide a good compression ratio. The compression method does not have to be lossless. DCT is a lossy technique that has a good compression ratio. DCT is the easiest method to implement efficiently on-chip. Consequently the DCT compression method was chosen as an effective lossy compression technique for reducing the image size. Additional benefits to using a lossy algorithm include the ability to compress the image to a fixed compressed image size. This permits a variety of sizes of image to be processed on a chip with limited memory per chromosome. Consequently this system is very flexible. The technique and its implications are described along with simulated results for a number of images. The design was evaluated using a 1μm ES2 CMOS process, in which an individual chromosome could be processed in approximately 2 milliseconds.
The effect of smoke from burning vegetative residues on airway inflammation and pulmonary function in healthy, asthmatic, and allergic individuals.

Solomon C. , Schmidlin I. , Girling P., Pripstein L. , Williams R. , Kleinman M. , Jenkins B, Balmes J. (2001). Exposure to smoke from rice straw; affect on airway cells in healthy humans. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 163 (5). Solomon C, Girling P., Witten A. , Schmidlin I. , Morris D. , Arjomandi M. , Jasmer R. , Williams R. , Mehlschau J., Kleinman M. , Jenkins B. , Balmes J. (2002) Effect of exposure to smoke form rice straw on airway inflammation in individuals with allergic rhinitis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 165 (8). Solomon C, Witten A, Schmidlin I, Girling P, Morris D, Arjomandi M, Jasmer R, Williams R, Mehlschau J, Kleinman M, Jenkins B, Balmes J. Inhalational exposure of individuals with asthma to rice straw smoke; effect on airway cell distribution and cytokine expression. Eur. Respir. J. 20 (38), 2002.
Framework for emotional mobile computation for creating entertainment experience

Ambient media are media, which are manifesting in the natural environment of the consumer. The perceivable borders between the media and the context, where the media is used are getting more and more blurred. The consumer is moving through a digital space of services throughout his daily life. As we are developing towards an experience society, the central point in the development of services is the creation of a consumer experience. This paper reviews possibilities and potentials of the creation of entertainment experiences with mobile phone platforms. It reviews sensor network capable of acquiring consumer behavior data, interactivity strategies, psychological models for emotional computation on mobile phones, and lays the foundations of a nomadic experience society. The paper rounds up with a presentation of several different possible service scenarios in the field of entertainment and leisure computation on mobiles. The goal of this paper is to present a framework and evaluation of possibilities of applying sensor technology on mobile platforms to create an increasing consumer entertainment experience.
Does successful treatment of urinary urgency improve comorbidities in patients with nocturia

Objective: To investigate whether treatment of overactive bladder (OAB), one comorbidity of nocturia, could reduce waking to void and improve other co-existing symptoms. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at Royal Melbourne Hospital. Participants received 12 weeks of standard treatment, including lifestyle interventions and pharmacotherapy. Outcome measures were nocturia episodes, severity of urinary urgency/incontinence, sleep quality, daytime somnolence, anxiety and depression scores, quality of life and change in blood pressure. Results: 20 participants completed the study. Nocturia frequency improved by one void per night. OABSS, sleep quality, first uninterrupted sleep time and systolic blood pressures improved. There were no significant changes in daytime somnolence, mood or quality of life.
Comparison of six different suspension vehicles in compounding of oral extemporaneous nifedipine suspension for paediatric patients

Objective To clarify the effects of the suspension vehicle on the properties of an extemporaneously compounded nifedipine oral suspension (1 mg/ml) prepared from ground-up commercial nifedipine tablets. Methods Oral suspensions of nifedipine were compounded with six different vehicles: commercial vehicles Suspension Diluent A, Ora-Plus/Ora-Sweet, Ora-Plus/Ora-Sweet SF and SyrSpend SF Cherry, and extemporaneously prepared Methylcellulose 1%/Syrup NF and Hypromellose 1%. The suspensions were stored at room temperature and analysed at 1, 2 and 4 weeks. The effect of mixing on the content uniformity was studied by evaluating two mixing protocols: inverting the bottle manually 10–15 times or inverting it three times. The concentration of nifedipine, the uniformity of mass and the sedimentation volume were determined. Results The content uniformity of all the suspensions complied with the Pharmacopoeia test at all time points when they were mixed by inverting the bottle 10–15 times. Bottles inverted three times did not comply with the test at 1 week when Methylcellulose 1%/Syrup NF or Hypromellose 1% were used. The uniformity of mass was within acceptable limits in all suspensions. The sedimentation volume of the unmixed Methylcellulose 1%/Syrup NF and Hypromellose 1% was higher than that of the commercial vehicles. Conclusions In order to comply with the Pharmacopeia test for content uniformity, suspensions compounded with Methylcellulose 1%/Syrup NF or Hypromellose 1% require mixing by inverting the bottle 10–15 times. In contrast, the commercial suspension vehicles passed the test if the bottle was inverted only three times.