Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Active optics strategy for the alignment and operation of the European Solar Telescope

The European Solar Telescope (EST) is an on-axis 4.2-meter solar telescope, the largest solar telescope ever built in Europe. While operating, environmental effects, such as gravity, wind buffeting or thermal loads, will generate wavefront errors that require to be corrected. For this reason, the EST team is developing an active optics strategy to ensure that quasi-static aberrations resulting from optical misalignments are minimised and that the remaining residual errors are small enough to maintain the image quality requirements. A hexapod, with five degrees of freedom (tilt, centring and focus), will be mounted on the secondary mirror to actively control the position of M2 and provide the proper alignment of the telescope. This contribution outlines the step-by-step analysis of the active optics system developed to establish the procedure to be implemented in EST. The sensitivity matrix, obtained from the optical model, that will be needed for adjustments during operation is shown. In addition to the optical elements that will be involved during the strategy, as well as their particular movements, the effects of these adjustments and the final residuals that will remain, ensuring a seeinglimited performance.
Two sides of the same coin? Revisiting the relationship between burden and positive aspects of caregiving in dementia

Studies have shown that items on the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) purported to measure self‐criticism do not correlate well with the other items. Examination of item content suggests they may be measuring mixed sentiments—both positive and negative—about caregiving. This study examined whether self‐criticism is related to positive aspects of caregiving (PAC) in a way that is different from caregiver strain, and if so, which types of PAC.
The effect of HLA matching and donor relatedness on the risk of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Recent studies have identified autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) as a haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) complication that represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality for these patients. In order to understand this autoimmune phenomenon, emerging research has focused on the prognostic factors associated with the development of the disorder. These studies have identified numerous possible associations with often contrasting and conflicting results. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were performed in order to determine the effect of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) matching and donor relatedness on the risk of AIHA post‐HSCT. PubMed, SCOPUS and ProQuest were searched from 1 January 1995 to 1 August 2021 using a range of keywords. Meta‐analysis was performed using OpenMeta‐Analyst software using a random effects model and arcsine risk difference (ARD). Eight eligible articles were identified, and meta‐analysis showed an increased risk of AIHA in those who received HLA‐mismatched transplants (ARD −0.082; 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.157, −0.007; p = 0.031) and those who received donations from unrelated donor sources (ARD −0.097; 95% CI −0.144, −0.051; p < 0.001). Patients who receive HSCT from HLA‐matched and related donor sources have a reduced risk of developing AIHA. Healthcare practitioners should be mindful of the risk of AIHA, especially in those who receive HLA‐mismatched and unrelated donor‐sourced stem cells. While these findings provide further evidence for researchers investigating the pathogenesis of this HSCT complication, more studies are needed to fully understand the cause.
Use of Unoccupied Aerial Systems to Characterize Woody Vegetation across Silvopastoral Systems in Ecuador

The trees in pastures are recognized for the benefits they provide to livestock, farmers, and the environment; nevertheless, their study has been restricted to small areas, making it difficult to upscale this information to national levels. For tropical developing countries, it is particularly important to understand the contribution of these systems to national carbon budgets. However, the costs associated with performing field measurements might limit the acquisition of this information. The use of unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) for ecological surveys has proved useful for collecting information at larger scales and with significantly lower costs. This study proposes a methodology that integrates field and UAS surveys to study trees on pasture areas across different terrain conditions. Our overall objective was to test the suitability of UAS surveys to the estimation of aboveground biomass (AGB), relying mainly on open-source software. The tree heights and crown diameters were measured on 0.1-hectare circular plots installed on pasture areas on livestock farms in the Amazon and Coastal regions in Ecuador. An UAS survey was performed on 1-hectare plots containing the circular plots. Field measurements were compared against canopy-height model values and biomass estimates using the two sources of information. Our results demonstrate that UAS surveys can be useful for identifying tree spatial arrangements and provide good estimates of tree height (RMSE values ranged from 0.01 to 3.53 m), crown diameter (RMSE values ranged from 0.04 to 4.47 m), and tree density (density differences ranging from 21.5 to 64.3%), which have a direct impact on biomass estimates. The differences in biomass estimates between the UAS and the field-measured values ranged from 25 to 75%, depending on site characteristics, such as slope and tree coverage. The results suggest that UASs are reliable and feasible tools with which to study tree characteristics on pastures, covering larger areas than field methods only.
Ceramic – Commercial Development and Marketing of an Essential Material

Dental ceramics have individual features with regard its structure, composition, properties, manufacturing protocols, clinical indications, and marketing. In view of the expanding amount of ceramic material options available on the market, the dentist needs to understand several essential concepts. Extensive information is available mainly on ceramics but rarely dentists are welling to learn about its characteristics, and processes in order to have those materials available on the market. Therefore, this article is focused on the methods of development and steps to get ceramic materials into our daily practice. Industrial and commercial aspects of ceramic material are not so known for dentists, so the importance having it available should be appreciate for such important and necessary material.
Three port converters used as interface in photovoltaic energy systems

The aim of this paper is to derive and study a full-bridge three-port converter. Based on the standard design of full-bridge converter, we have modeled and derived a three port converter. The three port converter can be used in renewable energy scenarios, such as solar cells or wind turbines connected to the input port. The input can be taken from two-ports simultaneously or from one port at a time. In order to balance the power mismatch between the input port and load port, the batteries are attached to the third port, to ensure there are no discrepancies in the power generated at the input and power demand at the load. In order to ensure isolation and reduced voltage stress on the switches, a high frequency transformer is also used in the design. The overall design contains four switches, and four diodes. MOSFETs are the strongest candidate for the switches owing to their high switching speed, lower losses and high resistance to higher voltage. Moreover, a buck-boost structure is modeled in order to ensure that it can work for a wide variety of different applications by adjusting the duty cycle of the switches properly. To minimize the switching losses in the converter, Zero-Voltage Switching (ZVS) is also achievable in the modeled system.
Input/Output Variables Selection in Data Envelopment Analysis: A Shannon Entropy Approach

The purpose of this study is to provide an efficient method for the selection of input–output indicators in the data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach, in order to improve the discriminatory power of the DEA method in the evaluation process and performance analysis of homogeneous decision-making units (DMUs) in the presence of negative values and data. For this purpose, the Shannon entropy technique is used as one of the most important methods for determining the weight of indicators. Moreover, due to the presence of negative data in some indicators, the range directional measure (RDM) model is used as the basic model of the research. Finally, to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach, the food and beverage industry has been selected from the Tehran stock exchange (TSE) as a case study, and data related to 15 stocks have been extracted from this industry. The numerical and experimental results indicate the efficacy of the hybrid data envelopment analysis–Shannon entropy (DEASE) approach to evaluate stocks under negative data. Furthermore, the discriminatory power of the proposed DEASE approach is greater than that of a classical DEA model.
Adaptive Hybrid Approaches to Thermal Modeling of Building

Thermal modeling is necessary if we want to control the thermal environment in a space within a building. Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) equipment are usually installed in a building based on the empirical formula developed by the manufacturers considering the worst case scenarios of heat loss/gain through the walls, the windows and from other sources like body heat. In order to provide thermal comfort in building spaces and at the same time save energy, accurate modeling is required for adequate provisions and control of HVAC equipment. Better accuracy of a building's thermal model usually increases the complexity and thereby the demand for higher processing capability of the computer-based controller. This can increase the cost and the payback period and often become deterrent to implementation in large real-world buildings. This work is an attempt to study the existing modeling techniques and offer a low cost solution with an intuitive and simple modeling based on first principles validated by empirical data. The results of its implementation in a real-world building and the insights gained are also presented.
Sparse event‐triggered control of linear systems

In event‐triggered control, a situation where the control input must be sparse often arises. Therefore, in this study, we propose sparse event‐triggered control, meaning that the control input is sparse and updated in an event‐triggered manner. First, we present a model‐based method for sparse event‐triggered control of linear systems, where the event condition is defined by a Lyapunov function. The resulting control input is proven to be sparse and the control system is confirmed to be asymptotically stable. Second, we extend it to a data‐driven version, where the event condition is adaptively updated from online data on the state trajectory. Finally, we discuss the possibility of extending our framework to two cases of disturbance and nonlinear dynamics.
Application of Balanced Scorecard in Performance Management and Evaluation of Listed Companies

A reasonable enterprise performance evaluation system not only is conducive to the scientific nature of enterprise internal management, but also can accurately reflect the shortcomings in development and provide effective guidance for the high-quality and efficient development of enterprises. Therefore, based on the relevant theories and research of performance evaluation and balanced scorecard (BSC), this paper analyzes the shortcomings of the current performance evaluation system of enterprises and the necessity and feasibility of applying BSC to design performance evaluation system. Then, we design a performance evaluation system with the characteristics of listed companies (LC). Finally, we use the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to conduct a comprehensive performance evaluation of enterprise A and propose corresponding safeguards for the smooth implementation of the system according to the evaluation results.
The influence of ceremonial settings on mystical and challenging experiences occasioned by ayahuasca: A survey among ritualistic and religious ayahuasca users

Recent studies have recognized the importance of non-pharmacological factors such as setting to induce or promote mystical experiences or challenging experiences among ayahuasca users. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the setting in which ayahuasca is consumed and the intensity of mystical and challenging experiences considering three ayahuasca using traditions (União do Vegetal, Santo Daime and neo-shamanic groups). A cross-sectional analysis was performed on survey data collected online from 2,751 participants. The Setting Questionnaire for the Ayahuasca Experience (SQAE) was used to evaluate six dimensions of the setting characteristics. The Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ) and the Challenging Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) were used to quantify the psychedelic experience. Ratings on every SQAE setting dimension were negatively correlated with ratings of the CEQ (r values between 0.21 and 0.36) for all ayahuasca using traditions. Regression analysis revealed that ratings on four SQAE dimensions (Social, Comfort, Infrastructure and Decoration) explained 41% of the variance in CEQ ratings. Associations between SQAE and MEQ ratings were relatively weak and confined to the dimensions Leadership and Comfort, explaining 14% of the variance in MEQ ratings. Ratings of Social context were higher among members of União do Vegetal compared to Santo Daime and neo-shamanic members. Ratings of Infrastructure, Comfort and Decoration were more consistently correlated with MEQ in the neoshamanic tradition compared to the other traditions. This study shows that the setting is an important moderator of a challenging experience under ayahuasca. Maximizing the quality of the setting in which ayahuasca is taken will reduce the chance of a challenging experience while contributing positively to a mystical experience. The present findings can be considered when designing rituals and the (social) environment of ayahuasca ceremonies, and indicate that the SQAE questionnaire can be employed to monitor the influence of ceremonial settings on the ayahuasca experience.
The Grasping Test Revisited: A Systematic Review of Functional Recovery in Rat Models of Median Nerve Injury

The rat median nerve model is a well-established and frequently used model for peripheral nerve injury and repair. The grasping test is the gold-standard to evaluate functional recovery in this model. However, no comprehensive review exists to summarize the course of functional recovery in regard to the lesion type. According to PRISMA-guidelines, research was performed, including the databases PubMed and Web of Science. Groups were: (1) crush injury, (2) transection with end-to-end or with (3) end-to-side coaptation and (4) isogenic or acellular allogenic grafting. Total and respective number, as well as rat strain, type of nerve defect, length of isogenic or acellular allogenic allografts, time at first signs of motor recovery (FSR) and maximal recovery grasping strength (MRGS), were evaluated. In total, 47 articles met the inclusion criteria. Group I showed earliest signs of motor recovery. Slow recovery was observable in group III and in graft length above 25 mm. Isografts recovered faster compared to other grafts. The onset and course of recovery is heavily dependent from the type of nerve injury. The grasping test should be used complementary in addition to other volitional and non-volitional tests. Repetitive examinations should be planned carefully to optimize assessment of valid and reliable data.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients With Related Organic Damage Are at High Risk of Hypothyroidism

Purpose The aim of this study included determining the prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), clarifying the clinical characteristics of SLE patients with hypothyroidism, and identifying the relationship between hypothyroidism and SLE-related organic damage. Another purpose was to analyze the relationship between SLE and thyroid autoantibody. We also intended to discuss the pathogenesis of hypothyroidism in SLE patients, which would provide clues for further investigation. Methods This study recruited 856 SLE patients and 856 age- and sex-matched healthy population and compared the prevalence of hypothyroidism between the cases and controls. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were applied to identify risk factors for hypothyroidism in SLE patients. Results SLE patients had higher prevalence of clinical hypothyroidism (9.10%) and TgAb+TPOAb- (10.40%) than controls. The prevalence of hypothyroidism was the highest in SLE patients aged 16-26 years (18.9%) and decreased with age. The prevalence of autoimmune hypothyroidism in SLE group was higher than that in the control group (64.4% vs. 51.5%, P=0.042), which was mainly due to TgAb; the prevalence of non-autoimmune hypothyroidism in SLE group was also significantly higher than that in the control group (67.3% vs. 47.8%, P<0.001). Based on multivariate analysis, the use of glucocorticoids/immunosuppressants, liver abnormality, lupus nephritis (LN), and cardiac insufficiency were independently associated with hypothyroidism in SLE patients. Conclusion The prevalence of hypothyroidism in SLE patients was higher than that in controls and decreased with age. The results suggested that young SLE patients combined with LN, liver abnormality and cardiac insufficiency were at higher risk of hypothyroidism. According to the results of this study, we speculated that SLE might have impact on thyroid, and SLE might be one of the causes of hypothyroidism.
Therapeutic and Prophylactic Effects of Amphotericin B Liposomes on Chronic Social Defeat Stress-Induced Behavioral Abnormalities in Mice

Recently, innate immune system stimulants, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), were reported to prevent and reverse chronic stress-induced behavioral abnormalities, suggesting that innate immune stimulation could be a potential strategy for the treatment and prevention of mental disorders. Amphotericin B liposome is a clinically available antifungal medication that can stimulate macrophages and microglia. We hypothesize that amphotericin B liposome may be used to prevent and reverse behavioral abnormalities triggered by chronic stress. As expected, our results showed that a single injection of amphotericin B liposome (1 mg/kg) immediately after stress cessation reversed the decrease in time spent in the interaction zone in the social interaction test (SIT) and the increase in immobility time in the tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST) in mice caused by chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). In addition, a single injection of amphotericin B liposomes (1 mg/kg) 1 day before stress exposure was found to prevent the CSDS-induced decrease in time spent in the interaction zone in the SIT and the increase in immobility time in the TST and FST in mice. Pretreatment with minocycline to inhibit the innate immune response was able to abolish the reversal effect of post-stress injection of amphotericin B liposomes on CSDS-induced behavioral abnormalities and the prophylactic effect of pre-stress injection of amphotericin B liposomes on CSDS-induced behavioral abnormalities. These results demonstrate that amphotericin B liposomes have both therapeutic and prophylactic effects on chronic stress-induced behavioral abnormalities in mice by mobilizing the innate immune response.
Physical Therapist Impressions of Telehealth and Virtual Reality Needs Amidst a Pandemic

Most physical therapists would agree that physical rehabilitation is difficult to perform remotely. Consequently, the global COVID-19 pandemic has forced many physical therapists and their clients to adapt to telehealth, especially with video conferencing. In this article, we ask: How has telehealth for physical rehabilitation evolved with the global pandemic and what are the largest technological needs, treatment methodologies, and patient barriers? With the increased widespread use of telehealth for physical therapy, we present a qualitative study towards examining the shortcomings of current physical therapy mediums and how to steer future virtual reality technologies to promote remote patient evaluation and rehabilitation. We interviewed 130 physical rehabilitation professionals across the United States through video conferencing during the COVID19 pandemic from July—August 2020. Interviews lasted 30–45 min using a semi-structured template developed from an initial pilot of 20 interviews to examine potential barriers, facilitators, and technological needs. Our findings suggest that physical therapists utilizing existing telehealth solutions have lost their ability to feel their patients’ injuries, easily assess range of motion and strength, and freely move about to examine their movements when using telehealth. This makes it difficult to fully evaluate a patient and many feel that they are more of a “life coach” giving advice to a patient rather than a traditional in-person rehabilitation session. The most common solutions that emerged during the interviews include: immersive technologies which allow physical therapists and clients 1) to remotely walk around each other in 3D, 2) enable evidence-based measures, 3) automate documentation, and 4) provider clinical practice operation through the cloud. We conclude with a discussion on opportunities for immersive virtual reality towards telehealth for physical rehabilitation.
Editorial: Artificial intelligence in brain-computer interfaces and neuroimaging for neuromodulation and neurofeedback

COPYRIGHT © 2022 Ponce, Martínez-Villaseñor and Chen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Artificial intelligence in brain-computer interfaces and neuroimaging for neuromodulation and neurofeedback
Investigation of Computing Students’ Performances in a Fully Online Environment During COVID-19 Pandemic

COVID-19 hit the world unexpectedly, forcing humans to isolate themselves. It has placed the lives of people in jeopardy with its fury. The COVID-19 has a detrimental effect on the world's education spheres. It has imposed a global lockdown, with a negative impact on the students' lives. Continuing regular classes’ on-campus were out of the question. At that moment, online learning came to us as a savior. The quality of online education was yet to be tested on a large scale compared to regular education. This paper reveals the factors that influence four programming courses from Computing students at X University and puts them on the table with an analysis backing it up so that, in future, authorities can design the proper structure for high quality online education.