Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mobile Laboratory Measurements of High Surface Ozone Levels and Spatial Heterogeneity During LISTOS 2018: Evidence for Sea Breeze Influence

The Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study (LISTOS) was organized to investigate ozone formation and transport in the New York City metropolitan area and locations downwind. During LISTOS, the University at Albany Atmospheric Sciences Research Center (ASRC) mobile laboratory was used for measuring surface O3, NO2, and aerosol number and mass concentration. Sharp O3 concentration gradients, with ΔO3 Δy−1 over 15 ppb km−1, were measured both at and near the land‐water interface and on the highway on days characterized by high regional O3 concentrations. These large O3 gradients at or near the land‐water interface, and in air masses relatively low in NO2, are shown to be influenced in part by the transport of highly oxidized air masses via sea breeze circulation and convergence with gradient flow. On the highway under regionally high O3 concentrations, strong anticorrelation (R2 = 0.78, p < 0.05) between O3 and NO2 and an absolute slope less than 1 suggested that Ox concentrations (O3 + NO2) increased with increasing NO2. Overall, the on‐road measurements made during LISTOS help to better characterize the interaction between the emitted pollution and the meteorological conditions on Long Island, thereby having potential policy implications.
Evaluation of the vaginal microbiome in clinical diagnosis and management of vaginal infectious diseases

OBJECTIVE The Vaginal Microecology Evaluation System (VMES) is a technical and economically feasible tool to assess the vaginal microbiomes of gynecological outpatients. The aim of this review was to introduce knowledge on the potential changes that can occur in the vaginal microbiome and how to use the Evaluation System to diagnose and manage a broad range of vaginal infections. DATA SOURCES This review was based on data in articles published in PubMed up to December 10, 2018, with the following keywords: "Vaginal microecosystem", "vaginal microbiome", "vaginal microbiota", and "vaginal flora". STUDY SELECTION Original articles and critical reviews on VMES and vaginal microbiota selected for this review. References of the retrieved articles were also screened to search for potentially relevant papers. RESULTS Any imbalance in the naturally occurring vaginal bacterial flora may result in infections such as bacterial vaginitis, aerobic vaginitis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, or Trichomonas vaginalis. VMES is mainly composed of morphological and functional microecological indicators. The former diagnostic modality includes bacterial density, flora diversity, dominant bacterial flora, indicators of inflammation, pathogenic microorganisms, Nugent score, and AV score. Functional indicators consist of two main components: metabolites and microbial enzymes. CONCLUSIONS The establishment of VMES has a high clinical value in the treatment of vaginal infections. It opens up new opportunities for the comprehensive management of dysbacteriosis when such infections occur.This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.
The role of bilingualism in Latino youth experiences of acculturation stress when living in an emerging Latino community

Latino youth experience unique stressors as they navigate two cultural contexts. While a substantial amount of research has been conducted investigating Latino youths’ experiences of acculturation, most have been conducted in cities with a substantial Latino community, with less research focusing on emerging communities, or areas with small, but growing cultural communities. The aim of this study was to understand Latino youths’ experiences of acculturation stressors when living in an emerging Latino community. To achieve this aim, 30 youth (ages 7–16) living in an emerging Latino community were recruited to participate in a creative-arts based research method in which they were placed in groups based on developmental stage and participated in six dialogue sessions. During sessions, youth were asked to paint a picture based on prompts and then discuss the topics that emerged in their paintings in small groups. Prompts were designed to illicit youths’ experiences with acculturation stress and Latino identity. Thematic analysis of qualitative data indicated that the role of language was featured prominently in youths’ experiences. In this paper, we discuss the role of bilingualism in multiple contexts in Latino youth experience of acculturation when living in an emerging Latino community. The results suggest that bilingualism is central to the identity of Latino youth in this context and may be essential to incorporate into interventions that aim to facilitate positive youth development among Latino youth living in emerging Latino communities.
Magnetic skyrmions in atomic thin CrI3 monolayer

In this letter, we report the visualization of topologically protected spin textures, in the form of magnetic skyrmions, in recently discovered monoatomic-thin two-dimensional CrI$_3$. By combining density functional theory and atomistic spin dynamic simulation, we demonstrate that an application of out-of-plane electric field to CrI$_3$ lattice favors the formation of sub-10 nm skyrmions at 0 K temperature. The spin texture arises due to a strong correlation between magneto-crystalline anisotropy, Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and the vertical electric field, whose shape and size could be tuned with the magnetic field. Such finding will open new avenues for atomic-scale quantum engineering and precision sensing.
Photon splitting constraint on Lorentz invariance violation from Crab Nebula spectrum

We calculate the decay width of the photon splitting into three photons in a model of quantum electrodynamics with broken Lorentz invariance. We show that this process can lead to a cut-off in the very-high-energy part of a photon spectra of astrophysical sources. We obtain the 95% CL bound on the Lorentz violating mass scale for photons from the analysis of the very-high-energy part of the Crab Nebula spectrum, obtained by HEGRA. This bound improves previous constraints by more than an order of magnitude.
Do swimmers conform to criterion speed during pace-controlled swimming in a 25-m pool using a visual light pacer?

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate whether swimmers follow the instructed speed (v target) accurately with the aid of a commercial visual light pacer during front crawl and backstroke swimming in a 25 m pool. Ten male swimmers performed 50 m front crawl and backstroke at different speeds (controlled by a visual light pacer) in a 25 m pool. The mean speed during the 50 m swimming (vS ) was quantified from the time measured by a stopwatch. The mean speed of the centre of mass during a stroke cycle in the middle of the pool (v COM) was calculated from three-dimensional coordinates obtained from Direct Linear Transformation of two-dimensional digitised coordinates of 19 segment endpoints for each of six cameras. Swimmers achieved accurate vS in front crawl and backstroke (ICC = 0.972 and 0.978, respectively). However, v COM for the single mid-pool sample had lower correlations with v target (ICC = 0.781 and 0.681, respectively). In backstroke, v COM was slower by 4.1–5.1% than v target. However, this was not the case in front crawl (1.0–2.7%). With the use of a visual light pacer, swimmers can achieve accurate mean speed overall but are less able to achieve the target speed stroke by stroke.
The volumetric rate of normal type Ia supernovae in the local Universe discovered by the Palomar Transient Factory

We present the volumetric rate of normal type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) discovered by the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF). Using strict data-quality cuts, and considering only periods when the PTF maintained a regular cadence, PTF discovered 90 SNe Ia at z ≤ 0.09 in a well-controlled sample over three years of operation (2010–2012). We use this to calculate the volumetric rate of SN Ia events by comparing this sample to simulations of hundreds of millions of SN Ia light curves produced in statistically representative realizations of the PTF survey. This quantifies the recovery efficiency of each PTF SN Ia event, and thus the relative weighting of each event. From this, the volumetric SN Ia rate was found to be $r_\mathrm{ v}=2.43\pm 0.29\, \text{(stat)}_{-0.19}^{+0.33}\text{(sys)}\times 10^{-5}\, \rm{SNe\,yr}^{-1}\, \text{Mpc}^{-3}\, h_{70}^{3}$. This represents the most precise local measurement of the SN Ia rate. We fit a simple SN Ia delay-time distribution model, ∝ t−β, to our PTF rate measurement combined with a literature sample of rate measurements from surveys at higher redshifts. We find β ∼ 1, consistent with a progenitor channel governed by the gravitational inspiral of binary white dwarfs.
The impact of financial restatements on financial markets: a systematic review of the literature

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the most relevant issues related to the impact of financial restatements in the dynamics of financial markets and identify several research gaps to be investigated in future research. Design/methodology/approach The methodology is based on a systematic review of the literature described by Tranfield et al. (2003). The final sample includes 47 academic papers published from 1996 to 2019. Findings Papers in this domain discuss three main topics: how the market prices the announcement of a financial restatement; how financial restatements affect the announcing firm’s cost of capital and how financial restatements affect firms’ reputation. There are several issues to explore in future research, including whether financial restatements affect the dynamics of financial markets in Europe, whether the market fully and promptly assimilates the information content of a restatement, the role of financial analysts’ information disclosures in this process or how regulators may improve the way they provide investors with timely information about firms’ restating problems. Research limitations/implications There is always some degree of subjectivity in the definition of the keywords, search strings and selection criteria in a systematic review. These are all important aspects, as they delimitate the scope of the study and define the sample of papers to be reviewed. Practical implications The answers to the research questions identified in this paper may provide regulators with information to improve financial accounting and reporting standards and strengthen investors’ confidence in accounting information and the dynamics of financial markets. Originality/value This paper systematically reviews the relevant literature exploring the connection between financial restatements and the dynamics of financial markets. It contributes to the academic community by identifying several research questions that may impact the theory and practice related to accounting quality and capital markets.
Potential-based analyses of first-order methods for constrained and composite optimization

We propose potential-based analyses for first-order algorithms applied to constrained and composite minimization problems. We first propose ``idealized'' frameworks for algorithms in the strongly and non-strongly convex cases and argue based on a potential that methods following the framework achieve the best possible rate. Then we show that the geometric descent (GD) algorithm by Bubeck et al.\ as extended to the constrained and composite setting by Chen et al.\ achieves this rate using the potential-based analysis for the strongly convex case. Next, we extend the GD algorithm to the case of non-strongly convex problems. We show using a related potential-based argument that our extension achieves the best possible rate in this case as well. The new GD algorithm achieves the best possible rate in the nonconvex case also. We also analyze accelerated gradient using the new potentials. We then turn to the special case of a quadratic function with a single ball constraint, the famous trust-region subproblem. For this case, the first-order trust-region Lanczos method by Gould et al.\ finds the optimal point in an increasing sequence of Krylov spaces. Our results for the general case immediately imply convergence rates for their method in both the strongly convex and non-strongly convex cases. We also establish the same convergence rates for their method using arguments based on Chebyshev polynomial approximation. To the best of our knowledge, no convergence rate has previously been established for the trust-region Lanczos method.
Variability in observed snow depth over China from 1960 to 2014

Snow depth is a critical variable that reflects snow variability and has an important impact on the energy and hydrological cycles. However, snow depth changes in response to regional climate warming have not been quantified in detail across China. Here, we investigated the variability in observed snow depth based on a recently released dataset collected at ~1,500 stations from 1960 to 2014. To address the non‐normal distribution of daily snow depth data, the annual cumulative amount of snow depth (CASD) is employed, and the trend is calculated and tested for the change point and field significance. The results showed that CASD experienced a slight increase of 1.75%·decade−1 in China. An increasing trend of CASD was observed in Northeastern and Northwestern China, a decreasing trend was observed in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, Loess Plateau, and Yangtze River Basin, and these changes were more remarkable after the 2000s. Since the 2000s, the increased CASD in Northwestern and Northeastern China has been accompanied by a significant decrease in winter temperature and a sharply increasing trend in snowfall events in the northeastern region. The decreased CASD in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau and Loess Plateau after the 2000s was accompanied by a decrease in snowfall events and an increase in winter temperature. Large‐scale atmospheric circulation, such as the Arctic Oscillation (AO), has a remarkable regional effect on the variability in snow depth. Statistically significant negative correlations were found in the northern part of China (i.e., positive AO phase with reduced CASD), while significant positive correlations were shown in the middle part of China (i.e., positive AO phase with enhanced CASD). Furthermore, China experienced an obviously shorter snow season during the whole period (decreased by 3.87%·decade−1), jointly resulting from later starting dates and earlier ending dates.
Chromosomal microarray analysis in fetuses with an isolated congenital heart defect: A retrospective, nationwide, multicenter study in France

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) may be isolated or associated with other malformations. The use of chromosome microarray (CMA) can increase the genetic diagnostic yield for CHDs by between 4% and 10%. The objective of this study was to evaluate the value of CMA after the prenatal diagnosis of an isolated CHD.
A calcium transport mechanism for atrial fibrillation in Tbx5-mutant mice

Risk for Atrial Fibrillation (AF), the most common human arrhythmia, has a major genetic component. The T-box transcription factor TBX5 influences human AF risk, and adult-specific Tbx5-mutant mice demonstrate spontaneous AF. We report that TBX5 is critical for cellular Ca2+ homeostasis, providing a molecular mechanism underlying the genetic implication of TBX5 in AF. We show that cardiomyocyte action potential (AP) abnormalities in Tbx5-deficient atrial cardiomyocytes are caused by a decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2)-mediated SR calcium uptake which was balanced by enhanced trans-sarcolemmal calcium fluxes (calcium current and sodium/calcium exchanger), providing mechanisms for triggered activity. The AP defects, cardiomyocyte ectopy, and AF caused by TBX5 deficiency were rescued by phospholamban removal, which normalized SERCA function. These results directly link transcriptional control of SERCA2 activity, depressed SR Ca2+ sequestration, enhanced trans-sarcolemmal calcium fluxes, and AF, establishing a mechanism underlying the genetic basis for a Ca2+-dependent pathway for AF risk.
Future Near-Collision Prediction from Monocular Video: Feasibility, Dataset, and Challenges

We explore the possibility of using a single monocular camera to forecast the time to collision between a suitcase-shaped robot being pushed by its user and other nearby pedestrians. We develop a purely image-based deep learning approach that directly estimates the time to collision without the need of relying on explicit geometric depth estimates or velocity information to predict future collisions. While previous work has focused on detecting immediate collision in the context of navigating Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, the detection was limited to a binary variable (i.e., collision or no collision). We propose a more fine-grained approach to collision forecasting by predicting the exact time to collision in terms of milliseconds, which is more helpful for collision avoidance in the context of dynamic path planning. To evaluate our method, we have collected a novel large-scale dataset of over 13,000 indoor video segments each showing a trajectory of at least one person ending in a close proximity (a near collision) with the camera mounted on a mobile suitcase-shaped platform. Using this dataset, we do extensive experimentation on different temporal windows as input using an exhaustive list of state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Our results show that our proposed multi-stream CNN is the best model for predicting time to near-collision. The average prediction error of our time to near collision is 0.75 seconds across our test environments.
PTSD Symptoms Experienced and Coping Tactics Used by Crime Scene Investigators in the United States

Few investigations have assessed the prevalence of posttraumatic stress experiences among Crime Scene Investigators (CSIs). We recruited a nationwide sample of 225 CSIs to complete online questionnaires assessing PTSD symptoms, use of specific coping tactics, perceived social support, trait resilience, and demographics. Seven symptoms had been experienced by at least 50% of participants during the previous month, and 9.3% had total checklist scores suggestive of PTSD. A significant regression analysis revealed that higher PTSD scores were associated with drinking alcohol more frequently to deal with stress, admitting more frequently one could not deal with stress and not trying to do so, lower social support, getting angry and letting emotions out more frequently, lower resilience, and finding comfort in one's religious beliefs. Given the proportions of CSIs that experience exposure‐related stress, more should be done to mitigate the prevalence and severity of these symptoms.
Habitat-mediated breeding performance of Lewis’s Woodpeckers (Melanerpes lewis) in British Columbia

Tree cavities provide a critical resource for cavity-nesting animals, and high quality cavities can be difficult for animals to acquire in habitats where competition is high. We investigated the breeding performance of Lewis’s Woodpeckers in three habitat types in British Columbia, Canada in 2013 and 2014. We also assessed whether the number of nest competitors and cavity availability influenced the habitat specific breeding performance of this threatened cavity nesting species. We found that daily nest survival rate was lower in burned habitat (0.15 ± 0.08 (0.05–0.37)) than in live pine (0.72 ± 0.10 (0.51–0.87)) or cottonwood (0.69 ± 0.09 (0.51–0.83)) habitats. However, hatching success (the proportion of eggs that hatch) was lower in live pine habitat (0.59 ± 0.09 95% CI) than burned (0.77 ± 0.19 95% CI) or cottonwood (0.80 ± 0.07 95% CI) habitat, and the fledging success of successful nests in live pine and burned habitat (1.86 ± 0.31 and 1.88 ± 0.59 95% CI, respectively) was slightly lower than in cottonwood habitat (2.61 ± 0.45 95% CI). Consequently, Lewis’s Woodpeckers in cottonwood habitat produced more fledglings per nesting attempt (2.05 ± 0.49 95% CI) than in live pine (1.53 ± 0.35 95% CI) or burned (0.79 ± 0.49 95% CI) habitat. Habitats differed in the number of nesting competitors and the number of suitable cavities surrounding active Lewis’s Woodpecker nests. Our results showed that cavity density best explained breeding performance differences although the mechanisms remain unclear. There was no evidence that the number of heterospecific nest competitors, including the invasive European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris), explained or influenced Lewis’s Woodpecker breeding performance. Cavity density influenced the productivity of successful nests but did not explain habitat differences in hatching success or daily nest survival. Further work is required to understand the mechanistic basis for the habitat specific breeding performance of Lewis’s Woodpeckers. Habitat differences in breeding performance in British Columbia are not consistent with those in other regions, highlighting the importance of regionally-specific demographic data for managing species at risk.
Is What You See What You Get? Perceptions of Personal Trainers' Competence, Knowledge, and Preferred Sex of Personal Trainer Relative to Physique

Abstract Boerner, PR, Polasek, KM, True, L, Lind, E, and Hendrick, JL. Is what you see what you get? Perceptions of personal trainers' competence, knowledge, and preferred sex of personal trainer relative to physique. J Strength Cond Res 35(7): 1949–1955, 2021—The role that a personal trainer's (PT) physique plays in how potential clients perceive the PT is an understudied, yet potentially powerful, area of inquiry that has important professional implications. The purpose of this study was to investigate how a PT's physique could influence perceptions of his/her (a) PT competence, (b) level of personal training knowledge, and (c) preferred sex of the PT. Subjects (n = 191) were presented with pictures of male and female volunteers labeled as PTs. The pictures emphasized physique and consisted of varying body types (ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph) and muscularity (muscular vs. nonmuscular). Subjects examined pictures to answer surveys to rate trainers' competence, knowledge, and preferred sex of PT. Personal trainer physique significantly influenced individuals' perceptions of trainer characteristics. Both mesomorphic and ectomorphic body types were rated as more competent than an endomorphic body type. Muscular PTs were perceived to be significantly more knowledgeable and competent than their nonmuscular peers. Female PTs were perceived as more competent and knowledgeable than male PTs. Findings also suggested many more males preferred to work with a male PT while females lacked consensus. Collectively, PT physique seems to have a profound influence whether they are approached or avoided. These findings may have implications for how PTs market themselves to potential clients.
Assessment and Impact of Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis: An Overview

Cognitive impairment affects 40–60% of patients with multiple sclerosis. It may be present early in the course of the disease and has an impact on a patient’s employability, social interactions, and quality of life. In the last three decades, an increasing interest in diagnosis and management of cognitive impairment has arisen. Neuropsychological assessment and neuroimaging studies focusing on cognitive impairment are now being incorporated as primary outcomes in clinical trials. However, there are still key uncertainties concerning the underlying mechanisms of damage, neural basis, sensitivity and validity of neuropsychological tests, and efficacy of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. The present article aimed to present an overview of the assessment, neural correlates, and impact of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis.