Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Overview on Image Forensics

The aim of this survey is to provide a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in the area of image forensics. These techniques have been designed to identify the source of a digital image or to determine whether the content is authentic or modified, without the knowledge of any prior information about the image under analysis (and thus are defined as passive). All these tools work by detecting the presence, the absence, or the incongruence of some traces intrinsically tied to the digital image by the acquisition device and by any other operation after its creation. The paper has been organized by classifying the tools according to the position in the history of the digital image in which the relative footprint is left: acquisition-based methods, coding-based methods, and editing-based schemes.
Soft tissue structures resisting anterior instability in a computational glenohumeral joint model

The glenohumeral joint is the most dislocated joint in the body due to the lack of bony constraints and the dependence on soft tissue for stability. The roles that various structures provide to joint function are important for understanding injury treatment and orthopaedic device design purposes. The goal of this study was to develop a computational model of the glenohumeral joint whereby joint behaviour was dictated by articular contact, ligamentous constraints, muscle loading and external perturbations. The bone structure of the computational model consisted of assembled computer tomographic images of the scapula, humerus and clavicle. The soft tissue elements were composed of forces and tension-only springs that represented muscles and ligaments. Validation of this model was achieved by comparing computational predictions to the results of a cadaveric experiment in which the relative contribution of muscles and ligaments to anterior joint stability was examined. The computational model predicted an anterior subluxation force that was similar to the cadaveric experimental results in humeral external rotation. The individual structure results showed the subscapularis to be critical to stabilisation in both neutral and external rotations, the biceps stabilised the joint in neutral but not in external rotation, and the inferior glenohumeral ligament resisted anterior displacement only in external rotation. The model's predictions were similar to the conclusions of the cadaveric experiment and the literature. Knowledge gained from this type of model could assist in further understanding the contribution of soft tissue stabilisers to joint function, pre-operative planning or the design of orthopaedic implants.
Comparison Between Cortical Drill and Cortical Tap and Their Influence on Primary Stability of Macro-Thread Tapered Implant in Thin Crestal Cortical Bone and Low-Density Bone

Objective: To evaluate the effect of different surgical techniques on primary stability, particularly in poor-quality bone with or without a crestal cortical bone. Materials and Methods: Three implant site preparation techniques—undersized drilling (UD), undersized drilling and coronal widening with a cortical drill (UD + CD), undersized drilling and coronal tapping with a cortical tap (UD + CT)—were compared in 2 different low-density polyurethane bone models either with or without the crestal cortical bone. Insertion torque values (ITVs) for each technique was recorded. Results: Statistically significant difference was observed for all 3 surgical techniques. In the presence of a crestal cortical bone, the peak ITV for UD was the highest, UD + CT the second, and UD + CD the lowest. All peak ITVs remained significantly lower in the absence of a crestal cortical bone. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that UD + CTmay be the most effective implant surgical technique to achieve an ideal primary stability in low-density bone with a thin crestal cortical bone layer. Also, this technique may prevent compression necrosis of the dense cortical bone.
A meshless microscale bone tissue trabecular remodelling analysis considering a new anisotropic bone tissue material law

In this work, a novel anisotropic material law for the mechanical behaviour of the bone tissue is proposed. This new law, based on experimental data, permits to correlate the bone apparent density with the obtained level of stress. Combined with the proposed material law, a biomechanical model for predicting bone density distribution was developed, based on the assumption that the bone structure is a gradually self-optimising anisotropic biological material that maximises its own structural stiffness. The strain and the stress field required in the iterative remodelling process are obtained by means of an accurate meshless method, the Natural Neighbour Radial Point Interpolation Method (NNRPIM). Comparing with other numerical approaches, the inclusion of the NNRPIM presents numerous advantages such as the high accuracy and the smoother stress and strain field distribution. The natural neighbour concept permits to impose organically the nodal connectivity and facilitates the analysis of convex boundaries and extremely irregular meshes. The viability and efficiency of the model were tested on several trabecular benchmark patch examples. The results show that the pattern of the local bone apparent density distribution and the anisotropic bone behaviour predicted by the model for the microscale analysis are in good agreement with the expected structural architecture and bone apparent density distribution.
Accelerometer-determined Physical Activity Level in Adults with Abdominal Obesity

A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the physical activity level among 201 adults with abdominal obesity at the Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia. Socio-demographic information, anthropometric data, blood pressure and lipoprotein-lipid proˆles were collected. Steps/day and energy expenditure were determined by Lifecorder e-Step accelerometer. Mean steps/day of the subjects was 6420±2283. The total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) averaged 2015±307 kcal. Based on step counts, 91.5%of the subjects fell below the ``active'' category but based on physical activity level (PAL), 97.0%fell under the ``low active'' or ``sedentary'' . Individuals with abdominal obesity in this study were relatively sedentary. Signiˆcant positive correlations were found between TDEE and body mass index (men: r＝0.428, p＝0.0001; women: r＝0.556, p＝ 0.0001), waist circumference (men: r＝0.508, p＝0.0001; women: r＝0.340, p＝0.0001) and percentage of body fat (men: r＝0.261, 0.028; women: r＝0.414, 0.0001). There was an inverse relationship between physical activity level and the odds of having metabolic syndrome. However, most of the variables studied did not vary between physical activity categories.
Effect of exercise on blood flow through the aortic valve: a combined clinical and numerical study

The aim of this study was to measure the cardiac output and stroke volume for a healthy subject by coupling an echocardiogram Doppler (echo-Doppler) method with a fluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulation at rest and during exercise. Blood flow through aortic valve was measured by Doppler flow echocardiography. Aortic valve geometry was calculated by echocardiographic imaging. An FSI simulation was performed, using an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian mesh. Boundary conditions were defined by pressure loads on ventricular and aortic sides. Pressure loads applied brachial pressures with (stage 1) and without (stage 2) differences between brachial, central and left ventricular pressures. FSI results for cardiac output were 15.4% lower than Doppler results for stage 1 (r = 0.999). This difference increased to 22.3% for stage 2. FSI results for stroke volume were undervalued by 15.3% when compared to Doppler results at stage 1 and 26.2% at stage 2 (r = 0.94). The predicted mean backflow of blood was 4.6%. Our results show that numerical methods can be combined with clinical measurements to provide good estimates of patient-specific cardiac output and stroke volume at different heart rates.
An informational framework to predict reaction of constraints using a reciprocally connected knee model

Researchers have used screw theory to describe the motion of the knee in terms of instantaneous axes of the knee (IAK). However, how geometric change to the dynamic alignment of IAK may affect stance phase of foot loading has not yet been fully explained. We have tested our informational framework through readily accessible benchmark data (Fregly et al. 2012): muscle contraction and ground reaction force are compounded into a wrench that is reciprocal to the IAK and resolved into component wrenches belonging to the reciprocal screw system. This revealed the special screw system that defines the freedom available to the knee and more precisely revealed how to measure this first order of freedom. After this step, we determined the reciprocal screw system, which involves the theory of equilibrium. Hence, a screw system of the first order will have a screw system of the fifth order as its reciprocal. We established a framework the estimation of reaction of constraints about the knee using a process that is simplified by the judicious generation of IAK for the first order of freedom in equilibrium.
Genetically engineered mouse models of melanoma

Melanoma is a complex disease that exhibits highly heterogeneous etiological, histopathological, and genetic features, as well as therapeutic responses. Genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models provide powerful tools to unravel the molecular mechanisms critical for melanoma development and drug resistance. Here, we expound briefly the basis of the mouse modeling design, the available technology for genetic engineering, and the aspects influencing the use of GEMs to model melanoma. Furthermore, we describe in detail the currently available GEM models of melanoma. Cancer 2017;123:2089‐103. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
A geometric approach to study the contact mechanisms in the patellofemoral joint of normal versus patellofemoral pain syndrome subjects

The biomechanics of the patellofemoral (PF) joint is complex in nature, and the aetiology of such manifestations of PF instability as patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is still unclear. At this point, the particular factors affecting PFPS have not yet been determined. This study has two objectives: (1) The first is to develop an alternative geometric method using a three-dimensional (3D) registration technique and linear mapping to investigate the PF joint contact stress using an indirect measure: the depth of virtual penetration (PD) of the patellar cartilage surface into the femoral cartilage surface. (2) The second is to develop 3D PF joint models using the finite element analysis (FEA) to quantify in vivo cartilage contact stress and to compare the peak contact stress location obtained from the FE models with the location of the maximum PD. Magnetic resonance images of healthy and PFPS subjects at knee flexion angles of 15°, 30° and 45° during isometric loading have been used to develop the geometric models. The results obtained from both approaches demonstrated that the subjects with PFPS show higher PD and contact stresses than the normal subjects. Maximum stress and PD increase with flexion angle, and occur on the lateral side in healthy and on the medial side in PFPS subjects. It has been concluded that the alternative geometric method is reliable in addition to being computationally efficient compared with FEA, and has the potential to assess the mechanics of PFPS with an accuracy similar to the FEA.
Actors of the tyrosine kinase receptor downstream signaling pathways in amphioxus

SUMMARY One of the major goals of evo‐developmentalists is to understand how the genetic mechanisms controlling embryonic development have evolved to create the current diversity of bodyplans that we encounter in the animal kingdom. Tyrosine kinase receptors (RTKs) are transmembrane receptors present in all metazoans known to control several developmental processes. They act via the activation of various cytoplasmic signaling cascades, including the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), the PI3K/Akt, and the phospholipase C‐γ (PLCγ)/protein kinase C (PKC) pathways. In order to address the evolution of these three pathways and their involvement during embryogenesis in chordates, we took advantage of the complete genome sequencing of a key evolutionarily positioned species, the cephalochordate amphioxus, and searched for the complete gene set of the three signaling pathways. We found that the amphioxus genome contains all of the most important modules of the RTK‐activated cascades, and looked at the embryonic expression of two genes selected from each cascade. Our data suggest that although the PI3K/Akt pathway may have ubiquitous functions, the MAPK and the PLCγ/PKC cascades may play specific roles in amphioxus development. Together with data known in vertebrates, the expression pattern of PKC in amphioxus suggests that the PLCγ/PKC cascade was implicated in neural development in the ancestor of all chordates.
A Case Study on the Optimal Design of Clinical Pharmacology Trials with Restrictions on the Dosing Schedule

A clinical pharmacology trial, which examines the safety and pharmacodynamics of an investigational drug, is typically the first time that the drug is administered to humans. We are, therefore, often forced to maintain some restrictions on the trial conditions; for example, incremental doses in succeeding stages may be necessary when safety is concerned, and the repetition of the treatment on the same subject may be restricted in terms of the imposition on and convenience of subjects. The present paper investigated optimal trial designs under such restrictions, adopting Ds-optimality (D-optimality for subset) as the criterion.In order to identify the optimal design, all admissible designs that satisfy the restrictions were listed in a lexical order and their optimality was compared. As a result, it was revealed that a relatively high number of subjects were allocated lower doses in the optimal design when the increment restriction was regarded as relevant, whereas more reasonable designs were identified as optimal when the restrictions were modified.
RESISTÊNCIA ANAERÓBICA DE JOGADORES DE FUTEBOL

Introducao: A resistencia anaerobica, ou seja, a capacidade de realizar series repetidas de exercicios anaerobicos na potencia maxima e uma caracteristica indispensavel para os jogadores de futebol. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a resistencia anaerobica de jogadores de futebol aplicando repetidos sprints em velocidade maxima. Materiais e Metodos: Um grupo de 14 jogadores de futebol com idades entre 19 e 27 anos foi submetido duas vezes, em janeiro e marco, a um teste consistindo de corridas maximas de 6x50m com 15s de intervalo entre as corridas. Os tempos registrados foram convertidos para velocidades. A proporcao da velocidade media para a maxima, obtida em todas as seis corridas, ou indice de performance (IP), foi a medida da resistencia anaerobica. Resultados: As velocidades media e maxima foram significativamente maiores em marco (5,47±0,25 e 5,67±0,28, respectivamente) com relacao a janeiro (5,73±0,31 e 5,97±0,31, respectivamente), apesar de ainda muito baixos. Os valores de IP foram similares nas duas ocasioes (0,960 e 0,965) e nao foram correlacionados com as velocidades maximas. Discussao: O metodo apresentado pode servir como uma ferramenta util para determinar e classificar atletas no que diz respeito a suas resistencias anaerobicas, aplicando series repetidas de um exercicio especifico.
Effects of obesity on occupant responses in frontal crashes: a simulation analysis using human body models

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of obesity on occupant responses in frontal crashes using whole-body human finite element (FE) models representing occupants with different obesity levels. In this study, the geometry of THUMS 4 midsize male model was varied using mesh morphing techniques with target geometries defined by statistical models of external body contour and exterior ribcage geometry. Models with different body mass indices (BMIs) were calibrated against cadaver test data under high-speed abdomen loading and frontal crash conditions. A parametric analysis was performed to investigate the effects of BMI on occupant injuries in frontal crashes based on the Taguchi method while controlling for several vehicle design parameters. Simulations of obese occupants predicted significantly higher risks of injuries to the thorax and lower extremities in frontal crashes compared with non-obese occupants, which is consistent with previous field data analyses. These higher injury risks are mainly due to the increased body mass and relatively poor belt fit caused by soft tissues for obese occupants. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using a parametric human FE model to investigate the obesity effects on occupant responses in frontal crashes.
The Correlation Between Crestal Bone Resorption and Implant Stability During Healing Period Using Resonance Frequency Analysis

Purpose:To detect the correlation between crestal bone resorption and implant stability during healing period using resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Materials and Methods:Twenty-two International Team for Implantology Straumann implants were placed in the posterior maxilla or mandible in 9 patients. RFA reading was taken immediately after implant placement. Periapical radiographs were taken, and the distance from the shoulder of the healing cap to the first bone-implant contact was measured, and the average mesial and distal distances were taken. Patients were followed up at 6 and 12 weeks for data collection. Results:At 6 weeks, the correlation between crestal bone resorption and implant stability was significant (Spearman correlation test, P < 0.05) and negative correlation coefficient (r) was −0.522. At 12 weeks, the correlation between crestal bone resorption and implant stability was not significant (Spearman correlation test, P > 0.05) and negative correlation coefficient (r) was −0.119. Conclusions:There was a significant negative correlation between the crestal bone resorption and implant stability at 6 weeks, whereas the negative correlations between the crestal bone resorption and implant stability at 12 weeks were nonsignificant.
FUNDING 3D-CBS: CHANGING THE ROLE OF PET FOR CANCER SCREENING

The role of Positron Emission Technology (PET) should be changed with use of the 3DCBS (Three Dimensional Complete Body screening) for maximizing the capture of signals that will detect minimum abnormal metabolism (or other biological processes), achievable by capturing simultaneously and accurately as many signals as possible from the tumor markers from all organs of the body in order to identify the smallest anomaly, at the lowest cost per signal captured and requiring the minimum radiation to the patient. This paper provides scientific arguments for setting new parameters for industry to establish the correct relation between the goal of obtaining substantial reduction in cancer deaths and the implementation of innovations and technology that will provide the expected results through early cancer detection.
Nursing Care Preferences among Filipino Elderly: A Conjoint Analysis

While nursing care has been investigated in the context of patient satisfaction, health care delivery, nursing skill, and patient centered care, elderly patients’ nursing care preferences have not been fully explored nor identified from the lens of utility analysis. This study is a purposive sample of 300 Filipino geriatric patients from the regions of Calabarzon and National Capital Region (NCR) participated and were asked to rank cards from 1 to 12 relative to the following five attributes: waiting response time, nursing uniform, empathetic capacity through time spent and eye contact, and nursing skill based on their preferences. Results of conjoint analysis via Sawtooth Software 18 indicated that nurse attire was the most important attribute (57.26%) while empathetic capacity through eye contact was least important to Filipino elderly (2.27%). Significant differences were found in the respondents’ profile. Among the given attributes, nursing uniform had the most impact in determining an elderly choice of services. Conversely, eye contact had minimal importance. In the health care setting, utilization of this study would allow nursing care to refocus nursing care delivery to maximize satisfaction and hospital loyalty. Future research may explore the cultural and regional differences in terms of preferences among the elderly.
Pitfalls in the epidemiologic classification of human papillomavirus types associated with cervical cancer using polymerase chain reaction: driver and passenger

Cervical cancer is a common malignancy in women worldwide, and it has now been established that the human papillomavirus (HPV) is both necessary and causal for these lesions. HPV itself is both ubiquitous and markedly heterogeneous but can nevertheless be classified as either a high-risk type or a low-risk type based upon its frequency of detection in cervical cancer. Given that the association between HPV and cervical cancer is causal, the classification of this virus has been strengthened by large-scale epidemiologic studies and is widely accepted across many disciplines. It is evident, however, that cervical cancer is frequently associated with multiple HPV types. Therefore, it is crucial to distinguish causal types of HPV (drivers) from noncausal types (passengers) in cervical lesions. In this review, we highlight the current pitfalls of using polymerase chain reaction methods instead of Southern blot hybridization for detecting HPV and discuss the distinction between driver and passenger HPVs with regard to the viral type, the length of the viral genome, and the levels of viral DNA associated with cervical cancer. Finally, we newly propose three categories of HPV instead of two risk groups, based on similarities between viral genes
Meniscal Repair in Children and Adolescents

Meniscal tears in children and adolescents are uncommon but well-recognized injuries. Because meniscal tears and other more common acute injuries to the skeletally immature knee—such as fractures and patellar dislocations—typically present with hemarthrosis, careful diagnosis including history, physical examination, and imaging studies should occur. Options for treatment of meniscal tears include observation, partial resection, or repair. The recommended repair approach includes an inside-out technique for medial and lateral tears, an outside-in repair for more anterior tears, and all-inside repair techniques. Greater vascularity in the meniscus of the skeletally immature patient makes it more amenable to repair than its adult counterpart.
Intelligent Video Surveillance Platform Based on FFmpeg and Yolov5

With the development of multimedia, video surveillance systems are becoming more popular. However, the current video surveillance systems have a general function and are unable to provide Intelligent perception. We design an intelligent video surveillance platform, which uses Qt, FFmpeg, and streaming technology. It supports multi-protocol (RTSP, RTMP, HTTP, HLS), multi-window video playback, and adopts the YOLOv5 framework for real-time intelligent analysis according to different yolov5 models(e.g., mask detection, helmet, and safety vest detection, etc.). The overall architecture is created by using demand-driven design, and the system is divided into three main modules: video playback module, video surveillance module, and intelligent detection module.