Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SETI - The search for extraterrestrial intelligence - Plans and rationale

The methodology and instrumentation of a 10 yr search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) program by NASA, comprising 5 yr for instrumentation development and 5 yr for observations, is described. A full sky survey in two polarizations between 1.2 and 10 GHz with resolution binwidths down to 32 Hz, and a two polarization can between 1.2-3 GHz with resolution binwidths down to 1 Hz of 700 nearby solar type stars within 20 light years of earth will extend the sensitivity of previous surveys by 300 times and cover 20,000 times more frequency space. EM signals are perceived as the only means for detecting life outside the solar system, and the SETI effort is driven by the empirical experience that once a physical process has been observed to occur, its occurrence elsewhere is assured. Further discussion is given of the history of searches for life in the Universe, the SETI search strategy, instrumentation, and signal identification.
The nucleation of false vacuum bubbles with compact geometries

We investigate and classify the possible types of false vacuum bubbles in Einstein gravity. The false vacuum bubbles can occur only if gravity is taken into account. We show that there exist solutions only with compact geometries. The analytic computations for the radius and nucleation rate of a vacuum bubble are evaluated using the thin-wall approximation. We discuss possible cosmological implications of our new solutions.
Thermal Fluctuation Aftereffect of Exchange Coupled Films for Spin Valve Devices

The annealing-time-dependent change in the unidirectional anisotropy field for exchange coupled films with FeMn, PdPtMn, NiMn, and NiO, which are generally used for spin valve, was investigated after thermal annealing below their blocking temperatures. It was shown that the distribution of local blocking temperature was similar for each exchange coupled film. The annealing-time-dependent change in the unidirectional anisotropy was explained by the use of thermal fluctuation aftereffect model, and the relaxation time for the anisotropy change was found to be much larger for FeMn than for PdPtMn, NiMn, and NiO, when normalizing annealing temperature by their blocking temperatures. From the viewpoint of device application, however, NiMn was proven to be the most promising antiferromagnet in terms of thermal stability because of its highest blocking temperature.
Contextualizing the organizational mindset

Although Schneider and Pulakos (2022, p. 2) call for scholars to adopt an “organizational mindset,” which includes “an increased organizational frame of reference on variables of interest,” the authors have overlooked the importance of contextualizing such a mindset. Contextualizing “entails linking observations to a set of relevant facts, events, or points of view that make possible research and theory that form part of a larger whole” (Rousseau & Fried, 2001, p. 1). Contextualizing is essential because it provides a common vernacular that facilitates the valid and reliable extension of the industrial-organizational (I-O) mindset to the study of organizational differences and effectiveness. According to Rousseau and Fried, there are six features scholars and practitioners should consider when contextualizing research. These features are levels, time, representativeness, point of view, range restriction, and construct comparability. By systematically considering the features of contextualizing, scholars can distinguish organizations based on salient characteristics that can influence the behavior of people and shape the relationship among variables (Johns, 2006). Extending the organizational mindset to include contextualizing makes several theoretical and practical contributions. Theoretically, the six features of contextualizing (Rousseau & Fried, 2001) provide the basis for explaining how and when I-O variables may contribute to organizational outcomes, including organizational success. Contextualizing also supports the integration of scholarship across diverse research settings by highlighting salient points of similarity and dissimilarity (Johns, 2006). By facilitating integration, contextualizing contributes to building the scientific body of knowledge that is necessary for valid and reliable generalization of findings (Rousseau & Fried, 2001). Therefore, contextualizing also contributes to overcoming limitations resulting from research conducted in single organizations (Schneider & Pulakos, 2022). Practically, contextualizing facilitates not only discussions about how I-O knowledge can enhance organizational performance in general but whether it may work in specific contexts. That is, it helps answers a common industry question: “What does previous research mean for our organization? ”
Privacy Lessons Learnt from Deploying an IoT Ecosystem in the Home

Studies of privacy perception in the Internet of Things (IoT) include in-laboratory evaluations as well as investigations of purchase decisions, deployment, and long-term use. In this study, we implemented identical IoT configurations in eight households to evaluate the installation and privacy concerns in the early adoption of IoT devices in our participants’ homes. The specific contributions of this work are insights into privacy perceptions of and challenges to the adoption of networked smart home devices and privacy management of IoT devices. The focus in this work was on participants’ privacy concerns about devices deployed in an IoT ecosystem influencing their gradual change of use. We detail how we use a three-week longitudinal interview protocol to compare user perceptions of privacy risk. We assessed users’ comfort with devices, perceived benefits, and data sensitivity. We discuss the factors identified by participants as relevant to their personal security and privacy management of in-home devices. We close with recommendations for privacy preserving smart home devices grounded in our participants’ experiences.
Violation of Bohr’s Complementarity: One Slit or Both?

We have implemented a novel double‐slit “which‐way” experiment which raises interesting questions of interpretation. Coherent laser light is passed through a converging lens and then through a dual pinhole producing two beams crossing over at the focal point of the lens, and fully separating further downstream providing which‐way information. A thin wire is then placed at a minimum of the interference pattern formed at the cross‐over region. No significant reduction in the total flux or resolution of the separated beams is found, providing evidence for coexistence of perfect interference and which‐way information in the same experiment, contrary to the common readings of Bohr’s principle of complementarity. This result further supports the conclusions of the original experiment by the author in which an imaging lens was employed to obtain which‐way information. Finally, a short discussion of the novel nonperturbative measurement technique for ensemble properties is offered.
The Formation of White Dwarfs in Close Binary Systems

Three major modes of interaction in binary systems are identified, corresponding to (I) physical contact, (II) tidal mass loss from a star with a radiative envelope, and (III) tidal mass loss from a star with a convectlve envelope. The qualitative evolution of binary systems in each of these cases is outlined, leading to the formation of single white dwarfs, long-period remnants of quasi-conservative mass transfer, or short-period cataclysmic binaries. The origin of short-period double white dwarfs in a second phase of mass transfer is outlined. Implications for the frequency of different systems of these types, and of planetary nebulae with close binary nuclei, are discussed. Paper presented at IAU Colloquium No. 53, "White Dwarfs and Variable Degenerate Stars," held at the University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, July 30 to August 2, 1979. Research supported by National Science Foundation grant AST 78-12309.
Doc2KG: Transforming Document Repositories to Knowledge Graphs

Document Management Systems (DMS) are used for decades to store large amounts of information in textual form. Their technology paradigm is based on storing vast quantities of textual information enriched with metadata to support searchability. However, this exhibits limitations as it treats textual information as black box and is based exclusively on user-created metadata, a process that suffers from quality and completeness shortcomings. The use of knowledge graphs in DMS can substantially improve searchability, providing the ability to link data and enabling semantic searching. Recent approaches focus on either creating knowledge graphs from document collections or updating existing ones. In this paper, we introduce Document-to-Knowledge-Graph (Doc2KG), an intelligent framework that handles both creation and real-time updating of a knowledge graph, while also exploiting domain-specific ontology standards. We use DIAVGEIA (clarity), an award winning Greek open government portal, as our case-study and discuss new capabilities for the portal by implementing Doc2KG.
The behaviour of nanostructured magnetic materials produced by depositing gas-phase nanoparticles

Depositing pre-formed gas-phase nanoparticles, whose properties can be widely varied, onto surfaces enables the production of films with designed properties. The films can be nanoporous or, if co-deposited with an atomic vapour, granular, allowing independent control over the size and volume fraction of the grains. This high degree of control over the nanostructure of the film enables the production of thin films with a wide variety of behaviour, and the technique is destined to make a significant contribution to the production of high-performance magnetic materials. Here we review the behaviour of magnetic nanoparticle assemblies on surfaces and in non-magnetic and magnetic matrices deposited from the gas phase at densities from the dilute limit to pure nanoparticle films with no matrix. At sufficiently low volume fractions (∼1%), and temperatures well above their blocking temperature, nanoparticle assemblies in non-magnetic matrices show ideal superparamagnetism. At temperatures below the blocking temperature, the magnetization behaviour of both Fe and Co particles is consistent with a uniaxial intra-particle magnetic anisotropy and an anisotropy constant several times higher than the bulk magnetocrystalline value. At relatively low volume fractions (≥5%) the effect of inter-particle interactions becomes evident, and the magnetization behaviour becomes characteristic of agglomerates of nanoparticles exchange coupled to form magnetic grains larger than a single particle that interact with each other via dipolar forces. The evolution of the magnetic behaviour with volume fraction is predicted by a Monte-Carlo model that includes exchange and dipolar couplings. Above the percolation threshold the films become magnetically softer, and films of pure clusters have a magnetic ground state that obeys the predicted magnetization behaviour of a correlated super-spin glass characteristic of random anisotropy materials. Magnetic nanoparticles in non-magnetic matrices show giant magnetoresistance behaviour, and the magnetotransport in deposited nanoparticle films is reviewed. Assembling Fe nanoparticles in Co matrices and vice versa is a promising technique for producing magnetic materials with a saturation magnetization that exceeds the Slater–Pauling limit. Structural studies reveal that the particles' atomic structure is dependent on the matrix material, and it is possible to prepare Fe nanoparticles with an fcc structure and, unusually, Co particles with a bcc structure. We also look to the future and discuss applications for materials made from more complex bi-metallic and core–shell nanoparticles.
QUANTUM PHASE TRANSITION IN SPIN-ORBIT COUPLED BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATES IN OPTICAL LATTICES OF DIFFERENT GEOMETRIES

Mott insulator to superfluid phase transitions and unconventional superfluid phases in spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate in one dimensional, square and hexagonal optical lattices are investigated using decoupling approximation and variational Gutzwiller wave function. We considered a system with two components. In the first part, we used decoupling approximation along side perturbation to chart the phase diagrams of the system in the absence of spin-orbit coupling. Our results show that the occupation number of the species, interspecies interaction and the ratio of the hopping matrix of the species dictate the critical point and the separation of the insulating phases. Applying decoupling approximation to spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate in one dimensional optical we find that spin-orbit coupling reduces the phase boundary of Mott insulator-superfluid transition and also modifies the critical point in a way that the critical point reduces as the coupling strength increases. In the second part, we applied the variational Gutzwiller wave function to spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate in square and hexagonal lattice. Our results show that the geometry of the optical lattice plays a role in the transition. We find that the mean-field Mott insulator-superfluid phase transition boundary of hexagonal lattice is smaller than that of square lattice for the same system. Finally, we showed that the Gutzwiller variational approach gives us access to the twisted superfluid phase realized in the system. The nonuniformity of the superfluid phase is different for the two lattices.
LES and Multi-Step Chemical Reaction in Compartment Fires

Numerical studies on two large-scale compartment buoyant fires were performed utilizing a fully coupled Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and strained laminar flamelet combustion model, extended from single-step to multistep chemical reaction. Two Subgrid-Scaled (SGS) turbulent models, Smagorinsky and WALE, were examined for center and corner fires. Compared with the experimental and existing numerical data, the WALE model with a multistep chemical reaction gave the best prediction for the upper hot layer and doorway gas temperatures. Specie concentrations including oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide were also found to compare well against the experimental measurements when the WALE model with a multistep chemical reaction was adopted.
Primary production responses to extreme changes in North American Monsoon precipitation vary by elevation and plant functional composition through time

Primary production in dryland ecosystems is limited by water availability and projected to be strongly affected by future shifts in seasonal precipitation. Warm‐season precipitation derived from the North American Monsoon contributes 40% of annual precipitation to dryland ecosystems in the southwestern United States and is projected to become more variable. However, there is large uncertainty on whether this variability will be expressed as either extreme wet or dry years and how primary production of different plant functional types will respond across widespread elevation gradients in this region. We experimentally imposed extreme drought and water addition treatments from 2016 to 2020, during which ambient warm‐season precipitation declined to reach historic lows, to understand production sensitivity of dominant plant functional types along a 1000 m elevation gradient. We found that the production responses of plant functional types to monsoon precipitation extremes were dependent on the number of treatment years that occurred across sites along the elevation gradient. C4 perennial grasses were most responsive to precipitation manipulation treatments, followed by C3 perennial grasses and annuals, while perennial forbs and shrubs had weak or no responses. C4 perennial grass reductions due to extreme drought were generally stronger or occurred earlier at low elevation sites, while multi‐year extreme drought extended negative effects to C3 perennial grasses at high elevation, and all sites showed delayed responses to multi‐year water addition. We found that the sensitivity of C3 perennial grass production differed for extreme drought and water addition compared to ambient precipitation at one site, but other sites and plant functional types had similar sensitivities to the different treatment types. Synthesis. The upward advance of primary production responsiveness from single‐ to multi‐year extreme changes in warm‐season precipitation suggests more immediate shifts in functional composition and carbon cycling at low elevation, while high elevation ecosystems may become less resistant as the effects of extreme precipitation compound through time.
Flow Past a Circular Cylinder with a Permeable Wake Splitter Plate

Abstract : Measurements in the near wake region of a circular cylinder in a uniform flow in the Reynolds number range 2.5 . 103 approx. < Re approx. < 1.8 . 104 With permeable splitter plates spanning the wake center plane are presented. Permeability is defined by the pressure drop across the plates, and the relationship between permeability and plate solidity is determined for a set of plates constructed from woven wire mesh, permitting unambiguous characterization of the splitter plates by the solidity. The effects of different solidities on the flow in the near wake are investigated using smoke wire flow visualization, hot-wire anemometry, and measurements of the mean pressure at the cylinder surface, and the results are related to cylinder flow without a splitter plate. Flow visualization results demonstrate that the introduction of low solidity splitter plates does not change the basic near wake structure, and that sufficiently high solidity uncouples the large-scale wake instability from the body, with the primary vortex formation occurring downstream of the separation bubble due to instability of the wake profile. Hot-wire and surface pressure measurements confirm and quantify the flow visualization results, showing that the permeable splitter plates reduce the drag and modify the primary wake frequency. When the solidity is high enough that the wake is convectively unstable, the base pressure is independent of the Reynolds number and solidity. For a wide range of solidities, the same asymptotic value of the Strouhal number is reached at high Reynolds numbers. The relationship between the Strouhal number and the base pressure is discussed.
Towards a Theory of Life Satisfaction: Accounting for Stability, Change and Volatility in 25-Year Life Trajectories in Germany

An adequate theory of Life Satisfaction (LS) needs to take account of both factors that tend to stabilise LS and those that change it. The most widely accepted theory in the recent past – set-point theory – focussed solely on stability (Brickman and Campbell, 1971; Lykken and Tellegen, 1996). That theory is now regarded as inadequate by most researchers, given that national panel surveys in several Western countries show that substantial minorities of respondents have recorded large, long term changes in LS (Sheldon and Lucas, 2014). In this paper we set out a preliminary revised theory, based mainly on analysis of the LS trajectories of the 2473 respondents in the German Socio-Economic Panel who reported their LS for 25 consecutive years in 1990-2014. The theory entails three sets of propositions in which we attempt to account for stability, change and also volatility. First, it is proposed that stability is primarily due to stable personality traits, and also to parental influence on LS. The second set of propositions indicates that medium and long term changes are due to differences and changes in personal values/life priorities and behavioural choices. Differences in the priority given to pro-social values, family values and materialistic values affect LS, as do behavioural choices relating to one’s partner, physical exercise, social participation and networks, church attendance, and the balance between work and leisure. Changes in health and domain satisfactions can also substantially change LS. Medium term change is reinforced by two-way causation – positive feedback loops – between behavioural choices, domain satisfactions and LS. The third set of propositions breaks new ground in seeking to explain inter-individual differences in the volatility/variability of LS over time; why some individuals display high volatility and others low, even though their mean level of LS may change little over 25 years.
What should be the goal of cholesterol-lowering treatment? A quantitative evaluation dispelling guideline myths

Purpose of review Guidelines for cholesterol-lowering treatment generally include extensive review of epidemiological and clinical trial evidence. However, the next logical step, the translation of evidence into clinical advice, occurs not entirely by reasoning, but by a form of consensus in which the prejudices and established beliefs of the societies with interests in cardiovascular disease convened to interpret the evidence are prominent. Methods, which are the subject of this review, have, however, been developed by which clinical trial evidence can be translated objectively into best practice. Recent findings Guidelines differ in their recommended goals for cholesterol-lowering treatment in the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Proposed goals are LDL-cholesterol 2.6 mmol/l (100 mg/dl) or less in lower risk, LDL-cholesterol 1.8 mmol/l (70 mg/dl) or less in higher risk, non-HDL-cholesterol decrease of at least 40% or LDL-cholesterol 1.8 mmol/l (70 mg/dl) or less or decreased by at least 50% whichever is lower. Evidence from clinical trials of statins, ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9-inhibitors can be expressed in simple mathematical terms to compare the efficacy on ASCVD incidence of clinical guidance for the use of cholesterol-lowering medication. The target LDL-cholesterol of 2.6 mmol/l (100 mg/dl) is ineffective and lacks credibility. Cholesterol-lowering medication is most effective in high-risk people with raised LDL-cholesterol. The best overall therapeutic target is LDL-cholesterol 1.8 mmol/l (70 mg/dl) or less or decreased by at least 50% whichever is lower. The use of non-HDL-cholesterol as a therapeutic goal is less efficacious. Aiming for LDL-cholesterol 1.4 mmol/l (55 mg/dl) or less as opposed to 1.8 mmol/l produces only a small additional benefit. Evidence for apolipoprotein B targets in hypertriglyceridaemia and in very high ASCVD risk should be more prominent in future guidelines. Summary The LDL-cholesterol goal of 2.6 mmol/l or less should be abandoned. Percentage decreases in LDL-cholesterol or non-HDL-cholesterol concentration are better in people with initial concentrations of less than 3.6 mmol/l. The LDL-cholesterol target of 1.8 mmol/l is most effective when initial LDL-cholesterol is more than 3.6 mmol/l in both primary and secondary prevention.
CUNI Submission to MT4All Shared Task

This paper describes our submission to the MT4All Shared Task in unsupervised machine translation from English to Ukrainian, Kazakh and Georgian in the legal domain. In addition to the standard pipeline for unsupervised training (pretraining followed by denoising and back-translation), we used supervised training on a pseudo-parallel corpus retrieved from the provided mono-lingual corpora. Our system scored significantly higher than the baseline hybrid unsupervised MT system.