Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adsorption Kinetics of Oxytetracycline onto Activated Carbon in a Closed-Loop Fixed Bed Reactor

Abstract Batch experiments were carried out for the adsorption of oxytetracycline (OTC) onto powdered activated carbon (PAC). The operating variables examined were the initial concentration (20–150 mg L−1) and the adsorbent concentration (0.75–1.75 g L−1). As observed increasing the initial concentration, while decreasing the adsorbent dosage, had a positive impact on the amount of OTC uptake (mg g−1). The kinetics was examined in a closed-loop fixed bed adsorber to propose an adsorption mechanism, to understand the dynamic interactions of OTC with ECA08 activated carbon and to predict its fate with time. The sorption results were analyzed using chemical and physical kinetics models. For concentrations lower than 70 mg L−1, the sorption process was found to be controlled by both surface reactions and mass transfer. The average external mass transfer coefficient and intraparticle diffusion coefficient were found to be 0.0051 min−1 and 1.97 mg g−1 min−0.5, respectively. For concentrations higher than 70 mg L−1, mass transfer became rapid and the chemical reaction at the surface of the solid phase was the rate-limiting step. The results showed that the adsorption reaction was accurately described by the pseudo-second-order model.
Application of molecular cluster models to study the amino acid L-α-alanine and its derived radicals in the crystalline state

In this study, molecular cluster methods are used to simulate the crystalline environment of L-α-alanine. Two clusters are constructed based on neutron diffraction data, containing 7 and 14 molecules respectively. The geometry of a central alanine molecule is optimised at several levels of theory, while the surrounding molecules in the cluster are kept fixed in space. By evaluating the difference between the optimised and the experimental geometries, an assessment is made of the different levels of theory used. These vary from semi-empirical to full DFT-B3LYP treatments of the cluster. Special attention is paid to hybrid methods, involving the ONIOM scheme. These cluster methods are then used to study a radiation-induced radical of alanine, since they allow unbiased geometry optimisation of the radical under study. The influence of the theoretical treatment is considered on several calculated hyperfine coupling constants. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
A Generic Phase Diagram for R2PdSi3 (R = Heavy Rare Earth)?

The magnetic phase diagrams of hexagonal R2PdSi3 compounds have been found to feature an apparent similar phase when the field is applied along the respective magnetic easy axes. To elucidate this, neutron diffraction on single crystalline Tb2PdSi3 and Ho2PdSi3 in magnetic fields was performed. These two compounds have different magnetic structures in zero field. In Tb2PdSi3 the propagation vector is parallel to the hexagonal axis while in Ho2PdSi3 the propagation is in the basal plane. In both compounds the magnetic moment direction is perpendicular to the propagation vector. The application of a magnetic field along the respective easy axes destroys the zero field magnetic structure and leads to a ferrimagnetic phase with magnetic intensity on the same positions for both compounds. These findings and their connections to the crystallographic (super-)structure are presented and discussed.
Nanoreactors for Nanostructured Materials

Organized systems such as micelles, reverse micelles, vesicles, polyelectrolyte capsules, liquid crystals, etc., formed through a self-assembling process represent nanoreactors that can be used for preparing nanostructured materials. Besides a fascinating academic subject, these nanoreactors provide a unique way to develop a special type of advanced material for a wide variety of applications in electronics, photonics, biomedical and other areas. The article examines the formation, functioning, properties and special attributes of these nanoreactors with a view towards their engineering analysis, design and possible integration in manufacturing technology.
Linear analysis of diffusional-thermal instability in diffusion flames with Lewis numbers close to unity

A general theory of diffusional-thermal instability for diffusion flames is developed by considering the diffusion-flame regime of activation-energy asymptotics. Attention is focused on near-extinction flames in a distinguished limit in which Lewis numbers deviate from unity by a small amount. This instability analysis differs from that of premixed flames in that two orders of the inner reaction-zone analyses are required to obtain the dispersion relation. The results, illustrated for a one-dimensional convective diffusion flame as a model, exhibit two types of unstable solution branches, depending on whether Lewis number is less than or greater than unity. For flames with Lewis numbers sufficiently less than unity, a cellular instability is predicted, which can give rise to stripe patterns of the flame-quenching zones with maximum growth rate occuring at a finite wavelength comparable with the thickness of the mixing layer. The result for the critical Lewis number shows that the tendency toward cellular .
Effects of fungal (Lachnocladium spp.) pretreatment on nutrient and antinutrient composition of corn cobs

The nutritive value of corn cob following pretreatment by fermentation with fungal species of Lachnocladium spp. was investigated. Corn cob was milled and subjected to incubation with fungal species for a period of one week. Significant increase (p<0.05) in protein, ash and some mineral elements were observed. Calcium, magnesium, zinc and sodium content were observed to be higher in fermented cobs while significant decrease (p<0.05) were observed in the fiber and antinutrient composition. Phytate, saponin, and oxalate levels were particularly lower in the fermented cobs. Biological pretreatment of corn cobs by fermentation with Lachnocladium species was found to significantly improve the nutritive value of corn cob, thus its potential usage in balanced feed for animal product was greatly improved. Key words: Corn cob, nutrients, Lachnocladium spp. , fermentation.
Isotropic-nematic phase separation in asymmetrical rod-plate mixtures

Recent experiments on mixtures of rodlike and platelike colloidal particles have uncovered the phase behavior of strongly asymmetrical rod-plate mixtures. In these mixtures, in which the excluded volume of the platelets is much larger than that of the rods, an extended isotropic (I)–plate-rich nematic (N-)–rod-rich nematic (N+) triphasic equilibrium was found. In this paper, we present a theoretical underpinning for the observed phase behavior starting from the Onsager theory in which higher virial terms are incorporated by rescaling the second virial term using an extension of the Carnahan–Starling excess free energy for hard spheres (Parsons’ method). We find good qualitative agreement between our results and the low concentration part of the experimental phase diagram.
Use of scanning electron microscopy techniques in the biocatalyst immobilization

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) has become a routine technique for the characterization of inert support materials for biocatalyst immobilization as well as for the observation of immobilized cells, especially cell colonization and cell-support interaction. SEM is expected to have important future applications in the observation of immobilized enzymes and will prove a useful technique in the engineering design and scale-up of immobilized biocatalyst systems.
TEMPORAL MONITORING OF LAND USE/LAND COVER CHANGE IN KAHRAMANMARAS CITY CENTER

Irregular urbanization causes problems such as decrease in fertile agricultural areas, irregular industrialization and urbanization. To provide a healthier life opportunity for future generations without disturbing nature, it is essential to determine the temporal changes in land use and to make land management plans accordingly. In this study, land use/land cover (LULC) change occurred in Kahramanmaras province within 30 years was investigated by remote sensing and integration of Geographic Information Systems. Landsat satellite images of 1988-1998-2008-2018 were obtained for the production of LULC maps. Each image was classified according to supervised classification approach using the support vector machines (SVMs) algorithms. The confusion matrix was created for each year to examine the accuracy of the LULC maps. The overall accuracy of the thematic maps was obtained as 91.76%, 93.56%, 86.89% and 88.29%, respectively. Also, Kappa values of thematic maps for each year were obtained as 0.88, 0.91, 0.81 and 0.84, respectively. When the results were examined, the development of industry in the city area and the construction of the airport contributed to the development of the social and economic structure of the city. The increase in the number of housing in the related regions has led to an increase in the amount of urban areas and a decrease in agricultural areas.
Changes of Internal Stress in Solid-Oxide Fuel Cell During Red-Ox Cycle Evaluated by In Situ Measurement With Synchrotron Radiation

The internal stress in anode-supported solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) was evaluated by in situ measurement using high-energy x-ray synchrotron radiation. The oxidized cell had a compression of ∼400 MPa in the c-ScSZ electrolyte thin film and a tension of 50-100 MPa in the NiO-YSZ anode substrate at room temperature. The internal stress decreased with increasing temperature, becoming approximately zero at 1000 K. Although the internal stress returned to its initial value after the thermal cycle, the stress decreased to ∼200 MPa in the electrolyte after the reduction cycle because of the decrease of the coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between the electrolyte and anode. The red-ox cycle would be detrimental for anode-supported SOFC.
Synthetics basics: Polyalphaolefins — base fluids for high‐performance lubricants

Polyalphaolefins or PAOs are saturated oligomers manufactured via the catalytic oligomerisation of alphaolefins. An oligomeric mixture is obtained which is then hydrogenated and distilled to produce a range of PAOs. These synthetic fluids are differentiated and graded by their viscosities at 100°C. PAOs are mainly used as high-performance functional base fluids in engine lubricants, gear oils, hydraulic oils, automatic transmission oils, compressor/pump oils, and greases. Automotive engine (crankcase) lubricants represent the biggest market for PAOs and here they compete with petroleum-based oils. When compared to mineral oils, PAOs exhibit a number of inherently superior physical and chemical properties, such as greater fluidity at low temperature, lower volatility, a higher viscosity index, a lower pour point, better oxidative/thermal stability, low toxicity, and biodegradable low viscosity grades. This combination of properties means that PAOs enhance the formulator's ability to produce high-performance lubricant oils. Some examples of performance benefits obtained from PAO-based formulations have been shown to match and even exceed the performance of higher cost traditional ester-based oils when tested under the new Japanese Automobile Standards Organisation (JASO) FC two-stroke specifications. Low viscosity automotive engine oils, which can only be formulated with PAOs, can produce a fuel saving of >2% when tested under US Federal Test Procedure (USFTP) 75.
Diving deeper into jellyfish: The rich population of jellyfish galaxies in Abell 901/2

Abstract Jellyfish galaxies are the most extreme examples of ram pressure stripping (RPS). They represent an important path in the morphological change and quenching in galaxy clusters, however they are still not well characterised morphologically and finding them is a complex task based mainly on visual inspection. We present a study on the properties of a large sample of jellyfish candidates in the multi-cluster system A901/2. We find evidence that the multi-cluster is triggering RPS events in preferential regions in the system and that these galaxies have enhanced specific star formation rates. We also use the software Morfometryka in order to analyse the unique morphometric features in jellyfish galaxies providing a better comprehension of their physical state and future. This can help unravel the physical processes behind such extreme morphologies as well as possibly automatising the search for jellyfish galaxy candidates in large surveys in the next era of instruments.
Estimate of soil erosion on cultivated soils using 137Cs measurements and calibration models: A case study from Nakhla watershed, Morocco

Despite the seriousness of the erosion problem in the Nakhla watershed, there are still only limited data on the rates of soil loss on cultivated land on steep slopes. Thus, there is a need for more information for optimizing strategies for soil conservation. Recent concern over problems of soil degradation and the off-site impacts of accelerated erosion has highlighted the need for improved methods of estimating rates and patterns of soil erosion by water. In this paper, soil erosion and deposition rates have been studied using the 137Cs technique in upstream part in the Nakhla watershed on cultivated soils (Larbaa Beni Hassan area), which is known to suffer soil erosion. Multiple transect sampling was established parallel to the slope, and 137Cs inventories were determined for the sampling points. After establishing the local reference inventory (3073 Bq m-2), soil erosion and deposition rates were estimated using the 137Cs inventories on all the transects with three calibration models: proportional mod.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Hexagonal and Orthorhombic YMnO3 Thin Films

Thin films of both the hexagonal and orthorhombic forms of YMnO3 have been fabricated through atomic layer deposition (ALD) and subsequent heat treatment. ALD-type growth of essentially cation-stoichiometric YMnO3 films was achieved in a reproducible manner in a temperature interval of 250−300 °C using Y(thd)3, Mn(thd)3, and ozone as precursors. The as-deposited films were amorphous, but a postdeposition heat treatment carried out in a temperature range of 750−900 °C depending on the substrate/polymorph yielded highly crystalline films. On Si(100) substrate, the product was the hexagonal phase of YMnO3, whereas on LaAlO3(100) and SrTiO3(100) substrates, the metastable orthorhombic YMnO3 phase was formed. On the perovskite substrates, the films were highly oriented, the direction of the orientation moreover depending on the choice of the substrate crystal.
Adsorption of Cadmium on Transcarpathian Clinoptilolite

The adsorption properties of Ukrainian Transcarpathian clinoptilolite towards aqueous cadmium(II) solutions under static and dynamic conditions have been investigated. It has been demonstrated that cadmium(II) ions are most effectively adsorbed from sulphate solutions. The value of the adsorption capacity of clinoptilolite increased as the concentration of cadmium(II) increased in solution. The dynamic adsorption capacity of clinoptilolite towards a cadmium(II) solution at pH 5.6 under optimum conditions [adsorbent modified by heating at 130–170°C for 2.5 h; diameter of zeolite grains equal to ca. 0.20–0.31 mm; rate of flow of cadmium(II) solution of 500 ng/ml concentration through adsorbent equal to 3 ml/min] was 1.25 mg/g, while at pH 10.5 this was 3.0 mg/g. The optimal mixture for the desorption of cadmium was found to be 14 volumes of HCl (1:2) to 1 volume of conc. HNO3. The extraction of cadmium under these conditions was 95%.
CSPM: Metamodel for Handling Security and Privacy Knowledge in Cloud Service Development

Security and privacy in cloud systems are critical. To address security and privacy concerns, many security patterns, privacy patterns, and non-pattern-based knowledge have been reported. However, knowing which pattern or combination of patterns to use in a specific scenario is challenging due to the sheer volume of options and the layered cloud stack. To deal with security and privacy in cloud services, this study proposes the cloud security and privacy metamodel (CSPM). CSPM uses a consistent approach to classify and handle existing security and privacy patterns. In addition, CSPM is used to develop a security and privacy awareness process to develop cloud systems. The effectiveness and practicality of CSPM is demonstrated via several case studies.
Polyetherimides via nitro‐displacement polymerization: Monomer synthesis and 13C‐NMR analysis of monomers and polymers

The synthetic route to polyetherimides by displacement of nitro-groups from disubstituted bis-imides by the dianion of bisphenols are described. The prepration of bis-imides and bisphenol dianions, their polymerization, and some of the properties of the polymers are presented in detail. The 13C-NMR spectra of intermediates and products were used to establish compositions and determine molecular weights.
The Diffusion Coefficients for Hydrogen in β‐Zirconium

The diffusion coefflcients of hydrogen in BETA -zirconium were calculated from experimental hydrogen sorption curves. The results were D (cm/ sup 2//sec) = 5.32 x 10/sup -3/ exp (--8320/RT), (760 to 1010 deg C). This relationship was independent of hydrogen concentrations (to 41 at.% H) and oxygen concentrations (to 4.2 at.% O) in BETA -zirconium. Oxygen in solid solution with zirconium and surface films on the zirconium reduced the rate of hydrogen sorption by zirconium. The effect of oxygen in solid solution with zirconium was observed to be related to the alpha to BETA transformation, while the effect of surface films was related to the hydrogen concentration at the film-zirconium interface. (auth)
Molecular Recognition at an Organic−Aqueous Interface: Heterocalixarenes as Anion Binding Agents in Liquid Polymeric Membrane Ion-Selective Electrodes

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)-derived ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) have been prepared from a neutral anion binding receptor, meso-octamethylcalix[4]pyrrole (1). Analogous systems were also prepared from the novel pyridine-containing analogues of 1, namely dichlorocalix[2]pyrrole[2]pyridine (2) and tetrachlorocalix[4]pyridine (3). At lower pH values (i.e., 3.5 and 5.5), ISEs derived from 1 display strong anionic (negative slope) responses toward Br-, Cl-, and H2PO4- and, to a much lesser extent, F-. By contrast, at high pH (i.e., pH 9.0) ISEs derived from 1 not only display cationic (positive slope) responses toward chloride and bromide anions but also selectivities (i.e., Br- < Cl- < OH- ≈ F- < HPO42-) that are non-Hofmeister in nature. This is considered consistent with the PVC-supported receptor 1 behaving as a direct anion binding agent at low pH but acting, at least in part, as an hydroxide-complexing receptor at higher pH. For the ISEs based on 2 and 3, no special non-Hofmeister selectivity is observ.
Probabilistic Energy Management Systems in PV-Rich Communities

Increasing popularity of renewable and Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and introduction of smart meters are changing the way electricity distribution grids have been operated. The stochastic nature of renewable sources adds new challenges to distribution grid operations. Communities, which are defined as groups of individual customers that utilise renewable energy sources, are especially impacted by these challenges due to their lack of scale and know-how. In this thesis, we focus on PV-rich communities that have a number of end-users equipped with rooftop photovoltaic (PV) panels without any local storage. For such PV-rich communities, it would be beneficial to model and analyse the statistical properties of DERs and their demand. Historical data can help understand the stochastic behaviour of community DER and demand, and model them as random sequences. These random sequences are used as a basis for optimal decision-making on financial contracts between communities and energy generators. Unlike stochastic optimisation, forecasting, and the Monte Carlo simulation, our methodology enables PV-rich communities to conduct long-term planning, spot-market exposure risk analysis, fine-tuning power purchase agreements, and a good understanding of statistical properties of distribution networks utilising PV systems. Our approach benefits from data science and uses models and existing data in a computationally efficient manner. With the help of our proposed model-based tool, communities are able to plan their long term financial agreements without conducting a high number of simulations.
Phosphate Availability and Inorganic Transformation in an Alum Sludge‐Affected Soil

Land application of alum sludge is a disposal alternative. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine (i) alum sludge effects on phosphorus (P) availability and inorganic P forms, and (ii) the relationship between inorganic P fractions and P availability. Alum sludge slurry (0, 4.45, 8.9, and 17.8 g solid kg -1 soil) was surface applied to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in aYauhannah soil (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Aquic Hapludults) at four P rates (0, 6.5, 11, and 22 mg kg -1 soil). After the first wheat crop, the sludge was mixed throughout the soil and a second crop grown. Surface-applied sludge decreased wheat dry matter (DM) and P uptake. When incorporated, 4.45 g kg ' alum decreased DM and P uptake. Phosphate application increased DM and P uptake of the first wheat crop, but had no effect on the second crop. Surface-applied sludge increased Al-P, Fe-P, and Ca-P in the 0- to 7.5-cm soil depth, but not in the 7.5- to 15-cm soil depth. Loosely bound-P and Al-P increased with P rate. Phosphorus uptake and DM of the first wheat crop were positively related to loosely bound-P and Mehlich 1-P. Dry matter of the second wheat crop was positively related to loosely bound-P and Mehlich 1-P and P uptake was positively related to loosely bound-P. Aluminum-P was negatively related to P availability indices. In alum sludge-affected soils applied P is immobilized mainly as Al-P, and Mehlich 1-P and loosely bound-P are reliable estimators of P availability.
Functional diversity of the soil microflora in primary succession across two glacier forelands in the Central Alps

We compared functional diversity in 6‐ to 150‐year‐old sites on two primary successional glacier forelands (Ödenwinkelkees and Rotmoosferner, Austria) and related these changes to properties of their habitat in the soil (pH, soil organic matter, mineral nitrogen, phosphorus). Comparisons were made with land undisturbed for 9500 years immediately outside the glacier foreland. The functional diversity of the soil microflora was assessed based on microbial processes (N mineralization, ammonium oxidation, arginine deaminase) as well as on the activities of soil enzymes (protease, urease, xylanase, phosphatase, arylsulphatase). On both chronosequences, functional diversity (Shannon diversity index and evenness) and enzyme activity increased up to an age of 50 years, while older soils appeared to have reached a temporary steady state. The values of microbial biomass and enzyme activity were generally smaller in the Ödenwinkel soils than in the Rotmoos sequence, indicating that primary input of carbon from plant growth was less. Functional diversity increased with increasing plant development and organic matter accumulation, explaining similarities in enzyme activity patterns in the sequences. The local climates might also have contributed to the magnitude of the changes. Our data suggest that microbial functional diversity reached stability within 50 years' succession.