Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variable Mass Cosmology Simulating Cosmic Acceleration

The cosmic Big Bang was long believed to be associated with a decelerating expansion of the universe, until recent observations of distant supernovae indicated accelerating expansion that requires dark energy, which is still not fully understood. It is proposed here that cosmic acceleration may be an illusion caused by gradually increasing rest mass, which produces an additional contribution to the apparent cosmological red shift. A novel simple model is presented that illustrates this effect without dark energy, whereby there is a smooth transition from an early universe of massless particles to the present universe of massive particles, stars, and galaxies, mediated by the decreasing gravitational potential of the expanding universe. Implications of this model for the cosmic microwave background and the early universe are discussed.
Non linear dynamics of the solar granulation: a first approach

The non turbulent or turbulent behaviour of overshooting convective motions in the solar photosphere is studied by analysing spatially highly resolved spectrograms. We calculate the variation of a function similar to the well known Liapunov exponent derived from several line parameters. When the data are filtered and the variation of the parameters is considered over subgranular scales (<1 arcsec) the Liapunov like exponents show a random variation at positive values. Normally, positive values of Liapunov exponents indicate chaotic motions, and our results are a hint that at subgranular scales the physics change which is in agreement with results from a coherence analysis between line parameters at several photospheric heights, the enhancement of the full width at half maximum in the intergranulum and model calculations that give evidence for the existence of a turbulent component of the temperature and velocity field
Single-Shot Readout of Macroscopic Quantum Superposition State in a Superconducting Flux Qubit

Among many candidates toward realization of quan-tum computation, superconducting qubits based onJosephson junctions take on a position of increasing im-portance [1]. Although their coherence time still needto be substantially improved, solid state qubits suchas semiconductor qubits or superconductor qubits havethe distinct merit of scalability due to mature state ofnanometer-scale fabrication technology. Recently, sev-eral groups have achieved a fairly long coherence time,and gate operation for single qubits has become availableby the application of custom made resonant microwavepulses, which control Rabi oscillations [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. Rotational gate operation together with two-qubit con-trolled NOT operation has also been successfully demon-strated [8]. As regards the qubit readout, averaging pro-cesses are commonly used and a way to overcome imper-fect readout visibility has been a topic of debate.In this paper, we report the observation of the single-shot readout of a superconducting ﬂux qubit com-prising three Josephson junctions in a loop [9]. Al-though, singlequbit operationand entanglementbetweentwo qubits have been demonstrated in superconductingchargequbits, fabricated Josephsoncircuits exhibit staticand dynamic charge noise due to background chargedimpurities. In contrast, in ﬂux qubits there is relativelylittle magnetic background noise. Superconducting ﬂuxqubits therefore have the potential advantages of a longercoherence time and greater stability.Figure 1(a) shows a scanning electron microscope im-age of a sample; a superconducting qubit (inside loopwith three Josephsonjunctions ofcriticalcurrent I
Virtual Screening and Quantum Chemistry Analysis for SARS-CoV-2 RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Using the ChEMBL Database: Reproduction of the Remdesivir-RTP and Favipiravir-RTP Binding Modes Obtained from Cryo-EM Experiments with High Binding Affinity

The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified as the pathogenic cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2 is a potential target for the treatment of COVID-19. An RdRp complex:dsRNA structure suitable for docking simulations was prepared using a cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure (PDB ID: 7AAP; resolution, 2.60 Å) that was reported recently. Structural refinement was performed using energy calculations. Structure-based virtual screening was performed using the ChEMBL database. Through 1,838,257 screenings, 249 drugs (37 approved, 93 clinical, and 119 preclinical drugs) were predicted to exhibit a high binding affinity for the RdRp complex:dsRNA. Nine nucleoside triphosphate analogs with anti-viral activity were included among these hit drugs, and among them, remdesivir-ribonucleoside triphosphate and favipiravir-ribonucleoside triphosphate adopted a similar docking mode as that observed in the cryo-EM structure. Additional docking simulations for the predicted compounds with high binding affinity for the RdRp complex:dsRNA suggested that 184 bioactive compounds could be anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug candidates. The hit bioactive compounds mainly consisted of a typical noncovalent major groove binder for dsRNA. Three-layer ONIOM (MP2/6-31G:AM1:AMBER) geometry optimization calculations and frequency analyses (MP2/6-31G:AMBER) were performed to estimate the binding free energy of a representative bioactive compound obtained from the docking simulation, and the fragment molecular orbital calculation at the MP2/6-31G level of theory was subsequently performed for analyzing the detailed interactions. The procedure used in this study represents a possible strategy for discovering anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs from drug libraries that could significantly shorten the clinical development period for drug repositioning.
The Effect of Managerial and Leadership Training and Simulation on Senior Nursing Students’ Career Planning and Self-Efficacy

Introduction Enhancing nursing students’ professional knowledge and integrating simulation and clinical training into students’ education may affect their career planning and development. Objectives This study aimed to explore how managerial and leadership training and simulation affect career planning knowledge, career choice, and self-efficacy among senior nursing students. Additionally, it explored how students perceived the training they received. Methods This study employed a mixed methods design for collecting quantitative and qualitative data about the training. A quasi-experimental design using a pretest and posttest with a convenience sample of senior nursing students (N = 80) at a Saudi nursing college guided the quantitative part. Nursing students were introduced to a managerial and leadership training and simulation intervention focused on career knowledge. The career planning questionnaire and a self-efficacy scale were used to collect quantitative data before and after the intervention, and the open-ended questions were used for qualitative data about the training they received. For the quantitative data, we used descriptive and inferential statistics, and for the qualitative data, we used content analysis. Results After the training sessions, nursing students’ career planning knowledge and self-efficacy scores were considerably enhanced, with a significant difference and positive associations (p < .001). Four themes were driven from the qualitative analysis: student engagement, experiential learning and reflection, the teacher's role as facilitator, and teamwork. Conclusions Knowledge and preparedness are essential elements for career planning and development. Nursing curricula should provide students with ongoing educational opportunities to help them enhance their career planning and self-efficacy. As well, nurse managers play an important role in shaping the career paths of senior undergraduates and internship nurses. Career counseling sessions and career activities can be scheduled frequently before graduation and during the internship year, which is essential for prelicensure and orientation.
Predicting eddy detachment from thin jets

Abstract : Using a semi-geostrophic, reduced gravity thin jet model, we analytically study the evolution of initial meanders into pinched-off rings. The model used is similar to the path equation developed by Flierl and Robinson (1984) for vertically coherent meanders. However, in the present model, the meanders are baroclinic, and a stretching term arises due to the motion of the interface. It can be shown that the equation governing the time-dependent meander of this jet (Pratt, 1988) can be transformed into the Modified Korteweg- deVries (MKdV) equation in intrinsic coordinates. The MKdV equation admits two types of solitary wave solutions, loop solitons and breathers. The breathers are permanent meanders which propagate on the path, and some are able to form rings. Using the inverse scattering transform, we can predict breather and ring formation for simple initial meanders. The inverse scattering transform is applied to S and Q shaped meanders with piecewise constant and continuous curvature. S shaped meanders, or steps, must be multi-valued to form breathers, and must have very steep angles in order to form rings. Due to integral constraints, Q shaped meanders, or lobes, are unable to pinch together to form rings unless they are wide enough so that the two side flanks of the lobe act as two independent steps. The numerical solutions indicate that the breathers predicted by the inverse scattering is a very good approximation to the full solution.
Guanidinylated Polymyxins as Outer Membrane Permeabilizers Capable of Potentiating Rifampicin, Erythromycin, Ceftazidime and Aztreonam against Gram-Negative Bacteria

Polymyxins are considered a last-line treatment against infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria. In addition to their use as a potent antibiotic, polymyxins have also been utilized as outer membrane (OM) permeabilizers, capable of augmenting the activity of a partner antibiotic. Several polymyxin derivatives have been developed accordingly, with the objective of mitigating associated nephrotoxicity. The conversion of polymyxins to guanidinylated derivatives, whereby the L-γ-diaminobutyric acid (Dab) amines are substituted with guanidines, are described herein. The resulting guanidinylated colistin and polymyxin B (PMB) exhibited reduced antibacterial activity but preserved OM permeabilizing properties that allowed potentiation of several antibiotic classes. Rifampicin, erythromycin, ceftazidime and aztreonam were particularly potentiated against clinically relevant MDR Gram-negative bacteria. The potentiating effects of guanidinylated polymyxins with ceftazidime or aztreonam were further enhanced by adding the β-lactamase inhibitor avibactam.
Butt joined integrated GaInAsP MQW laser and waveguide grown by selective CBE

We report the successful realization of 1.55 /spl mu/m buried MQW SCH lasers with all quaternary quantum wells and butt joint between laser and waveguide structure by the selective in-filling growth of laser structures into etched grooves. The grooves were etched into the basic layers, e.g., InP or the waveguide structure, grown in a preceding epitaxial run. These structures were contacted and cleaved to stripe lasers of different length and width. The electrical and optical performance of laser diodes for different substrate orientation, aperture of grooves and basic layer design were studied. 220 /spl mu/m long buried 6 QW lasers grown into 3 /spl mu/m wide grooves, etched in an exactly oriented substrate showed threshold currents less than 10 mA for cw operation at 20/spl deg/C. 6 QW SCH laser structures were grown into basic waveguide layers, giving a butt joint. By comparing the threshold current of butt joined and cleaved lasers, coupling coefficients between 60% to 80% were estimated.
Skewed X-Chromosome Inactivation and Parental Gonadal Mosaicism Are Implicated in X-Linked Recessive Female Hemophilia Patients

Background: Hemophilia A (HA) and B (HB) are X-linked recessive disorders that mainly affect males born from a mother carrier. Females are rarely affected but a number of mechanisms have been suggested in symptomatic females, such as skewed X-chromosome inactivation (XCI), chromosomal rearrangements, and hermaphrodites. Different methodologies are required to elucidate the underlying causes of such diseases in female patients. Methods: Three families with female hemophilia patients, including two HA and one HB, were enrolled for genetic analyses. Cytogenetics, molecular examinations on F8 and F9 genes, XCI assay, and linkage analysis were performed. Results: All three female patients are demonstrated to be heterozygous for an F8, or F9 mutation: one patient is inherited from her unaffected mother and the other two are sporadic cases. All three patients exhibit skewed XCI. The inherited patient is found to be unmethylated in the maternal X chromosome, which increases the potential for the expression of the mutant allele. The two sporadic cases are hypomethylated or unmethylated in the paternal X chromosome, suggesting that paternal gonadal mosaicism may exist in these families. Conclusions: In addition to screening for coagulation function, different genetic analyses are mandatory to explore the nature of mechanisms responsible for the X-linked recessive disorders in female patients as shown in this study. Our results confirm that skewed XCI is responsible for hemophilia in heterozygous female patients. Likewise, our results implicate that parental gonadal mosaicism, followed by skewed XCI, contributes to hemophilia in “sporadic” female patients.
Dynamic Prediction of Internet Financial Market Based on Deep Learning

P2P lending is an important part of Internet finance, which is popular among users because of its efficiency, low cost, wide range, and ease of operation. The problem of predicting loan defaults is affected by many factors, such as the linear and nonlinear nature of the data itself and time dependence and multiple external factors, which have not been well captured in the previous work. In this paper, we propose a multiattention mechanism to capture the different effects of various time slices and various external factors on the results, introduce ARIMA and LSTM to capture the linear and nonlinear characteristics of the lending data respectively, and establish a Time Series Multiattention Prediction Model (MAT-ALSTM) based on LSTM and ARIMA. This paper uses the Lending Club dataset from the United States to prove that our model is superior to ANN, SVM, LSTM, GRU, and ARIMA models in the prediction effect of MAE, RMSE, and DA.
Antifungal Activities of Essential Oils in Vapor Phase against Botrytis cinerea and Their Potential to Control Postharvest Strawberry Gray Mold

Essential oils (EOs) from aromatic plants seem to have the potential to control several fungal pathogens and food contaminants. Botrytis cinerea is the main strawberry fruit contaminant causing high losses during storage. Here, thirteen EOs applied in the vapor phase were evaluated for their potential to inhibit the growth of three different strains of B. cinerea isolated from strawberry fruits. Eight EOs (lemongrass, litsea, lavender, peppermint, mint, petitgrain, sage, and thyme) were able to completely inhibit the growth of B. cinerea for 7 days when applied at a concentration of 625 μL·L−1. Four EOs with the lowest minimal inhibition concentrations (thyme, peppermint, lemongrass, and litsea) have been tested on strawberry fruits intentionally inoculated by B. cinerea. All four EOs showed high inhibition at a concentration of 250 or 500 μL·L−1, but only peppermint EO was able to completely inhibit B. cinerea lesion development at a concentration of 125 μL·L−1. The sensory evaluation of strawberries treated by EOs at a concentration 125 μL·L−1 resulted in a statistically significant decrease in taste, aftertaste, aroma, and overall quality. Lemongrass and litsea EOs scored better than thyme and peppermint ones, thus forming two viable methods for B. cinerea suppression and the extension of packed strawberries’ shelf life.
Boundary layer behind shock or thin expansion wave moving into stationary fluid

Note presenting a determination of the boundary layer behind a shock or thin expansion wave advancing into a stationary fluid. The assumption of a thin expansion wave was found to be valid for weak expansions but becomes progressively less accurate for strong expansion waves. The turbulent-boundary-layer solutions in this report represent an extension of empirical, semi-infinite flat-plate, boundary-layer data to the case where the wall is moving.
A 15-Gb/s Single-Ended NRZ Receiver Using Self-Referenced Technique With 1-Tap Latched DFE for DRAM Interfaces

This brief presents a single-ended (SE) receiver (RX) with a self-referenced (SR) technique using sample and hold (S&H) circuits. The proposed RX does not require a reference voltage (VREF) for data recovery by comparing the present data with previous data. The RX was implemented as half-rate architecture to halve the clock frequency and facilitate the S&H operation. Moreover, the proposed decision feedback equalizer (DFE) is suitable for SR RX and improves the reliability of RX by eliminating inter-symbol interference (ISI). The prototype RX, fabricated using 28-nm CMOS technology, occupies a 0.0016 mm2 active area. The measurement result of the proposed RX achieves a bit-error-rate (BER) under 10−12 with a 15-Gb/s data rate in a 17-inch PCB FR4 channel. The RX consumes 13.56 mW of power and has a power efficiency of 0.90 pJ/bit.
Are U.S. consumers willing to pay more by the lake? An analysis of preferences for Great Lakes region fish

U.S. per capita seafood consumption is historically high due to population and income growth and consumer preference shifts toward healthy protein options. Despite this expansion, U.S. fisheries, especially those in the Great Lakes region, no longer fulfill domestic demand due to pressure on fish stocks and regulatory constraints. Instead, aquaculture and imports fill the gap. Rainbow trout, yellow perch, and walleye—three species historically produced in the North Central Region (NCR)—exemplify such trends. To expand marketing opportunities for NCR aquaculture producers, this study estimates willingness to pay (WTP) for these species and several search and credence fish attributes. We designed and distributed a survey instrument to collect hypothetical choice experiment responses from U.S. seafood consumers. Using a random utility framework, we estimate mean total WTP for trout, yellow perch, and walleye of $19.99/lb. , $15.89/lb. , and $17.37/lb. , respectively. Further, we identify average price premia of $1.64/lb. , $1.97/lb. , and $0.84/lb. for NCR-sourced, wild-caught, and fresh fillet attributes. Our analysis also captures regional preferences. Mean WTP estimates for yellow perch and walleye, which are native to the Great Lakes, are significantly higher inside the NCR. Further, trout commands a higher premium outside the NCR than within, suggesting potential market segmentation for the analyzed species.
A Novel Lightweight Approach to COVID-19 Diagnostics Based on Chest X-ray Images

Background: This paper presents a novel lightweight approach based on machine learning methods supporting COVID-19 diagnostics based on X-ray images. The presented schema offers effective and quick diagnosis of COVID-19. Methods: Real data (X-ray images) from hospital patients were used in this study. All labels, namely those that were COVID-19 positive and negative, were confirmed by a PCR test. Feature extraction was performed using a convolutional neural network, and the subsequent classification of samples used Random Forest, XGBoost, LightGBM and CatBoost. Results: The LightGBM model was the most effective in classifying patients on the basis of features extracted from X-ray images, with an accuracy of 1.00, a precision of 1.00, a recall of 1.00 and an F1-score of 1.00. Conclusion: The proposed schema can potentially be used as a support for radiologists to improve the diagnostic process. The presented approach is efficient and fast. Moreover, it is not excessively complex computationally.
The Autism Spectrum Disorder-Associated Bacterial Metabolite p-Cresol Derails the Neuroimmune Response of Microglial Cells Partially via Reduction of ADAM17 and ADAM10

The bacterial metabolite 4-methylphenol (para-cresol or p-cresol) and its derivative p-cresyl sulfate (pCS) are elevated in the urine and feces of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It has been shown that p-cresol administration induces social behavior deficits and repetitive behavior in mice. However, the mechanisms of p-cresol, specifically its metabolite pCS that can reach the brain, in ASD remain to be investigated. The pCS has been shown to inhibit LPS-stimulated inflammatory response. A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) and A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) are thought to regulate microglial immune response by cleaving membrane-bound proteins. In the present study, a neuroinflammation model of LPS-activated BV2 microglia has been used to unveil the potential molecular mechanism of pCS in ASD pathogenesis. In microglial cells pCS treatment decreases the expression or maturation of ADAM10 and ADAM17. In addition, pCS treatment attenuates TNF-α and IL-6 releases as well as phagocytosis activity of microglia. In in vitro ADAM10/17 inhibition experiments, either ADAM10 or ADAM17 inhibition reduces constitutive and LPS-activated release of TNF-α, TNFR-1 and IL-6R by microglial cells, while it increases constitutive and LPS-activated microglial phagocytotic activity. The in vivo results further confirm the involvement of ADAM10 and ADAM17 in ASD pathogenesis. In in utero VPA-exposed male mice, elevated concentration in serum of p-cresol-associated metabolites pCS and p-cresyl glucuronide (pCG) is associated with a VPA-induced increased ADAM10 maturation, and a decreased ADAM17 maturation that is related with attenuated levels of soluble TNF-α and TGF-β1 in the mice brain. Overall, the present study demonstrates a partial role of ADAM10 and ADAM17 in the derailed innate immune response of microglial cells associated with pCS-induced ASD pathogenesis.
Momentum subtraction scheme renormalization group functions in the maximal Abelian gauge

The one loop 3-point vertex functions of QCD in the maximal abelian gauge (MAG) are evaluated at the fully symmetric point at one loop. As a consequence the theory is renormalized in the various momentum (MOM) schemes which are defined by the trivalent vertices, as well as in the MSbar scheme. From these the two loop renormalization group functions in the MOM schemes are derived using the one loop conversion functions. In parallel we repeat the analysis for the Curci-Ferrari gauge which corresponds to the MAG in a specific limit. The relation between the Lambda parameters in different schemes is also provided.
WEAPONS RADIATION SHIELDING HANDBOOK. CHAPTER 3. METHODS FOR CALCULATING NEUTRON AND GAMMA-RAY ATTENUATION,

Abstract : Calculations of the attenuation of neutrons and gamma rays in shields can be performed by several techniques, the best technique for a particular problem depending on the type of problem to be solved and the degree of accuracy required. This chapter of the Handbook surveys the calculational methods used most frequently and provides summaries of digital computer codes based on the various methods. The methods covered are those of spherical harmonics, discrete ordinates, moments, Monte Carlo, diffusion theory, invariant imbedding, and kernels, plus a method which combines a removal kernel with diffusion theory. Except for the invariant imbedding method, all these techniques are either approximate solutions to the well-known Boltzmann equation or are based on kernels obtained from solutions to the equation. A discussion of the Boltzmann equation is also included in the chapter. (Author)