Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of working in a bullying climate on psychological distress and job satisfaction: a multilevel analysis

ABSTRACT Objective Workplace bullying has predominantly been conceptualised and investigated as an individual phenomenon. However, the effects of workplace bullying are not confined to the individual experiencing negative acts. This study analysed the associations of workplace bullying with psychological distress and job satisfaction at two levels of the organisation: the individual and the group. Method Data were obtained from an organisational climate questionnaire administered to 21 Australian Defence Force (ADF) units (N = 3,193). Multilevel modelling was used to examine the hypothesised relationships of workplace bullying with psychological distress and job satisfaction of ADF personnel at both the individual and group levels. Results The association between the individual-level experience of bullying and each individual-level outcome depended on the extent of workplace bullying at the group level. Those working in low-bullying climates had stronger associations between individual-level bullying and mental health and wellbeing. Even when not directly bullied, employees’ levels of reported psychological distress were higher and levels of job satisfaction were lower in high-bullying climates compared to those working in low-bullying climates who had not directly experienced these behaviours. Conclusion Consistent and strong findings at the individual and group level provide convincing evidence that workplace bullying not only affects the mental health and wellbeing of those who personally experience these behaviours but also those who work within that climate. Key Points What is already known about the topic: (1) Workplace bullying has detrimental effects on an individual’s mental health and wellbeing. (2) Fewer studies have explored the impact of bullying on co-workers who were not the direct targets but who work within a high-bullying climate. (3) The effects of bullying on bystanders can also be harmful. What this topic adds: (1) There is a reliable relationship between workplace bullying and the experience of low job satisfaction and psychological distress. (2) Workplace bullying not only affects the mental health and wellbeing of those who personally experience these behaviours but also those who work within high-bullying climates. (3) Monitoring workplace climates will provide organisations with timely evidence of where interventions may be required.
A U-Net Based Lesion Segmentation Method for Computer-Aided Diagnosis in Colorectal NBI Endoscopy

In this paper, we propose a method based on deep learning architecture, If-Net, for detecting lesion from images token by colorectal Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) endoscopy. The proposed method is a part of a Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system that presents quantitative inference results to doctors when making diagnoses with NBI endoscopy, which aims to reduce the variation and burden of diagnoses due to the experience of diagnosing doctors. As a result, for our test dataset, the mean F -measure score has exceeded 80%.
The role of early childhood pedagogical leaders in schools: Leading change for ongoing improvement

Early childhood pedagogical practice in primary schools is often challenged by academic demands, debate about best practice and ongoing change through new policy initiatives. This paper reports an investigation of how early childhood pedagogical leaders assist early years teachers in schools to embrace change and embed early childhood pedagogy. Framed within a constructivist epistemology, this paper reports on findings from three case studies drawn from a larger mixed-methods study from Perth, Western Australia. Data collected through shadowing pedagogical leaders, undertaking contextual interviews and analysing school documents revealed that pedagogical change was promoted, encouraged and sustained through a number of strategies. These included utilising early childhood champions, developing relational trust with staff, establishing communities of practice and empowering teachers as decision-makers. This paper highlights the critical role early childhood pedagogical leadership can play in recognising the professional capability of early childhood teachers to drive ongoing improvement in school contexts.
Trapped-electron runaway effect

In a tokamak, trapped electrons subject to a strong electric field cannot run away immediately, because their parallel velocity does not increase over a bounce period. However, they do pinch toward the tokamak center. As they pinch toward the center, the trapping cone becomes more narrow, so eventually they can be detrapped and run away. When they run away, trapped electrons will have a very different signature from circulating electrons subject to the Dreicer mechanism. The characteristics of what are called trapped-electron runaways are identified and quantified, including their distinguishable perpendicular velocity spectrum and radial extent.
SURFACE BRIGHTNESS FLUCTUATIONS IN THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE ACS/WFC F814W BANDPASS AND AN UPDATE ON GALAXY DISTANCES

We measure surface brightness fluctuation (SBF) magnitudes in the F814W filter and (g475 − I814) colors for nine bright early-type Fornax cluster galaxies imaged with the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS). The goal is to achieve the first systematic SBF calibration for the ACS/F814W bandpass. Because of its much higher throughput, F814W is more efficient for SBF studies of distant galaxies than the ACS/F850LP bandpass that has been used to study nearby systems. Over the color range spanned by the sample galaxies, 1.06 < (g475 − I814) < 1.32 (AB mag), the dependence of SBF magnitude on (g475 − I814) is linear to a good approximation, with slope ∼2. When the F850LP SBF distance measurements from the ACS Fornax Cluster Survey are used to derive absolute magnitudes, the dependence on (g475 − I814) becomes extremely tight, with a slope of 1.8 ± 0.2 and a scatter of 0.03 mag. The small observed scatter indicates both that the estimated random errors are correct and that the intrinsic deviations from the SBF–color relation are strongly correlated between the F814W and F850LP bandpasses, as expected. The agreement with predictions from stellar population models is good, both in slope and zero point, indicating that our mean Fornax distance of 20 Mpc is accurate. The models predict curvature in the relation beyond the color limits of our sample; thus, the linear calibration should not be extrapolated naively. In the appendices, we reconsider the Tonry ground-based and Jensen NICMOS SBF distance catalogs; we provide a correction formula to ameliorate the small apparent bias in the former and the offset needed to make the latter consistent with other SBF studies. We also tabulate two new SBF distances to galaxies observed in the ACS Virgo Cluster Survey.
Conformal structure of the Schwarzschild black hole

We show that the scalar wave equation at low frequencies in the Schwarzschild geometry enjoys a hidden SL(2,R) invariance, which is not inherited from an underlying symmetry of the spacetime itself. Contrary to what happens for Kerr black holes, the vector fields generating the SL(2,R) are globally defined. Furthermore, it turns out that under an SU(2,1) Kinnersley transformation, which maps the Schwarzschild solution into the near horizon limit AdS_2 x S^2 of the extremal Reissner-Nordstr"om black hole (with the same entropy), the Schwarzschild hidden symmetry generators become exactly the isometries of the AdS_2 factor. Finally, we use the SL(2,R) symmetry to determine algebraically the quasinormal frequencies of the Schwarzschild black hole, and show that this yields the correct leading behaviour for large damping.
High-performance bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for zinc-air batteries over nitrogen-doped carbon encapsulating CoNi nanoparticles

The nitrogen doped carbon (NC) encapsulating metal particles (metal/NC) are promising low-cost bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for rechargeable Zn-air batteries. However, the states of the art catalytic performance are still significantly restricted by the limited content of active sites for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, a series of NC encapsulating CoNi samples as a bifunctional catalyst for both ORR and OER were synthesized via a simple pyrolysis method. Large surface area and high content M–N x active sites promote the ORR activity and accelerate the surface reconstruction layer for high OER performance. The NC encapsulating CoNi with optimized Co/Ni ratio (2:1) shows high ORR activity with a half-wave of potential (0.85 V) and a low overpotential of 309 mV for OER. Rechargeable Zn-air battery assembled by an air cathode with the NC encapsulating CoNi exhibits a power density of 143 mW cm−2 and good cyclability over 100 h at 10 mA cm−2. This mechanism work provides a feasible strategy for developing high activity and low cost bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts.
EVIDENCE FOR THERMAL X-RAY LINE EMISSION FROM THE SYNCHROTRON-DOMINATED SUPERNOVA REMNANT RX J1713.7-3946

We report the first detection of thermal X-ray line emission from the supernova remnant (SNR) RX J1713.7-3946, the prototype of the small class of synchrotron-dominated SNRs. A softness-ratio map generated using XMM-Newton data shows that faint interior regions are softer than bright shell regions. Using Suzaku and deep XMM-Newton observations, we have extracted X-ray spectra from the softest area, finding clear line features at E ph ∼ ? > 1 and ∼1.35 keV. These lines can be best explained as Ne Lyα and Mg Heα from a thermal emission component. Since the abundance ratios of metals to Fe are much higher than solar values in the thermal component, we attribute the thermal emission to reverse-shocked SN ejecta. The measured Mg/Ne, Si/Ne, and Fe/Ne ratios of 2.0–2.6, 1.5–2.0, and <0.05 solar suggest that the progenitor star of RX J1713.7-3946 was a relatively low-mass star (≲20 M⊙), consistent with a previous inference based on the effect of stellar winds of the progenitor star on the surrounding medium. Since the mean blastwave speed of ∼6000 km s−1 (the radius of 9.6 pc divided by the age of 1600 years) is relatively fast compared with other core-collapse SNRs, we propose that RX J1713.7-3946 is a result of an SN Ib/c whose progenitor was a member of an interacting binary. While our analysis provides strong evidence for X-ray line emission, our interpretation of its nature as thermal emission from SN ejecta requires further confirmation especially through future precision spectroscopic measurements using ASTRO-H.
Vapor bubble dynamics and heat transfer characteristics over the spherical surface during saturated pool boiling

The present study deals with numerical investigations of the boiling phenomena over a spherical surface at different degrees of superheat (ΔT), varying from 10 to 500 K. Various phenomena like vapor sliding, bubble formation, pinch‐off, induced vorticity have been illustrated for a deep understanding of the boiling process over a spherical surface. The effect of the degree of superheat on the bubble pinch‐off time and volume is also investigated. Further, reported the spatial observation of vapor sliding and retention over the surface with time scale, overall and average characteristics. The fast Fourier transform of a spaced average void fraction of liquid and Nusselt number showed the dominance of film boiling with respect to the degree of superheat. As the degree of superheat increases, the vapor generation rate also increases, which produces a more vapor–liquid interface. Further, with an increase in the degree of superheat, the vapor generation progression shifted from linear to nonlinear patterns. A sphere with ΔT = 500 K generated 32.59 times more vapor than a sphere with ΔT = 10 K. It is found that the vapor generation is dependent on the degree of superheating and exposed time for heating. Thus, a correlation and artificial neural network model have been developed to predict vapor generation during boiling over the spherical surface as a function of time and degree of superheat.
Socioeconomic disadvantage, chronic stress, and proinflammatory phenotype: an integrative data analysis across the lifecourse

Abstract Socioeconomic disadvantage confers risk for many chronic illnesses, and theories have highlighted chronic psychological stress and alterations to inflammatory processes as key pathways. Specifically, disadvantage can heighten chronic stress, which may promote a proinflammatory phenotype characterized by immune cells mounting exaggerated cytokine responses to challenge and being less sensitive to inhibitory signals. Importantly, lifecourse perspectives emphasize that such immune alterations should be more potent earlier in life during a sensitive period when bodily tissues are highly plastic to environmental inputs. However, examining these propositions is resource intensive, as they require cell-culturing approaches to model functional inflammatory activities, a wide age range, and longitudinal data. Here, we integrated data from five independent studies to create a diverse sample of 1,607 individuals (960 with longitudinal data; 8 to 64 years old; 359 Asian, 205 Black, and 151 Latino/a). Leveraging the resulting lifecourse data, rich interview assessments of disadvantage and stress, and ex vivo assessments of inflammation, we examined two questions: (1) Does chronic stress account for the link between disadvantage and proinflammatory phenotype? (2) Is there a developmental period during which inflammatory responses are more sensitive to disadvantage and chronic stress? Disadvantage was associated with higher chronic stress, which was linked with a proinflammatory phenotype cross-sectionally, longitudinally, and in terms of prospective change across 1.5 to 2 years. Consistent with the sensitive period hypothesis, the magnitude of these indirect associations was strongest in earlier decades and declined across the lifecourse. These findings highlight the importance of taking a lifecourse perspective in examining health disparities.
Right person for the right job: the impact of top management’s occupational background on Chinese enterprises’ R&D efficiency

The research on the influence of personal attributes of top management on a firm ’ s innovative behavior has recently gained much traction in the corporate finance literature. However little is known about the role of professional background of top management in influencing corporate R&D efficiency. The present research employs data of China ’ s A-share listed firms during the period of 2008 – 2016 to explore this association. Empirical outcomes reveal that top management with an R&D background significantly enhance Chinese firms ’ R&D efficiency. Moreover, equity incentives for the core R&D team, lesser pay disparity between senior management and employees, and the appointment of directors with R&D background play a mediating role between R&D-savvy top management and firm ’ s innovation capacity. The study findings establish a link between top management ’ s human capital and an enterprise ’ s technological capability and show that adopting appropriate innovation strategies and R&D management practices is conducive to achieving the R&D efficiency in Chinese enterprises. Our results are robust to alternate econometric specifications and alternate variable specifications.
Profound Effect of Pulmonary Surfactant on the Treatment of Preterm Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Inherited diseases caused by dysfunction of pulmonary surfactant metabolism or surfactant dysfunction have recently been considered the underlying causes of neonatal and pediatric respiratory diseases. Respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants is a common respiratory disease in pediatrics. It is caused by underdeveloped lungs in infants and a lack of active substances on the surface of the alveoli, which leads to insufficiency of lung function, which can lead to difficulty breathing, increased heart rate, facial bruising, and more. Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome is a very dangerous disease with a high mortality rate and a great threat to children's lives and health. Therefore, enough attention and treatment should be caused in clinical practice. Natural pulmonary surfactant (PS) has achieved positive effects in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), reducing neonatal mortality, the application of mechanical ventilation, and the occurrence of late complications. To further explore the role of pulmonary surfactants in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, to analyze the best time to use PS to prevent RDS, this paper has selected premature infants with RDS received by the neonatal department of a hospital in a province from March 2019 to October 2020 to compare the efficacy of pulmonary surfactant (PS) in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The experiment has found that the average mechanical ventilation time (5.1 d) and oxygen therapy time (7.3 d) in the early group are shorter than the average mechanical ventilation time (6.4 d) and oxygen therapy time (10.6 d) in the late group. It has been demonstrated that early administration of pulmonary surfactant (PS) therapy is of great help in improving respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants.
All Pure Two-Qudit Entangled States Can be Generated via a Universal Yang--Baxter Matrix Assisted by Local Unitary Transformations

Entangled state is the cornerstone of quantum information theory [1] that has many successful applications in quantum information processing, such as the revolutionary one-way quantum computer [2], quantum cryptography [3], dense coding [4], teleportation [5], communication protocols and computation [6]. Consequently, the ability to generate and control quantum entangled states has become a far-reaching goal in experimental manipulation as well as theoretical investigation in recent years. In fact, a great number of experiments have been devoted to investigating the production of entangled states of photons (including the hyperentangled photon pairs) via the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a nonlinear optical crystal [7][8], particularly for use in the tests of Bell inequalities.
A New Formalism for Calculating Modal Contributions to Thermal Interface Conductance from Molecular Dynamics Simulations

A new formalism for extracting the modal contributions to thermal interface conductance with full inclusion of anharmonicity is presented. The results indicate that when two materials are joined a new set of vibrational modes are required to correctly describe the transport across the interface. Among these new modes, certain classifications emerge, as most modes extend at least partially into the other material. Localized interfacial modes are also present and exhibit the highest conductance contributions on a per mode basis. The results also show that anharmonicity enables inelastic scattering at temperatures as low as 10K and inelastic processes contribute 20% of the conductance for the system studied.
Tunneling spectroscopy of Majorana-Kondo devices

We study the local density of states (LDOS) in systems of Luttinger-liquid nanowires connected to a common mesoscopic superconducting island, in which Majorana bound states give rise to different types of topological Kondo effects. We show that electron interactions enhance the low-energy LDOS in the leads close to the island, with unusual exponents due to Kondo physics that can be probed in tunneling experiments.
A blind HI Mass Function from the Arecibo Ultra-Deep Survey (AUDS)

The Arecibo Ultra Deep Survey (AUDS) combines the unique sensitivity of the telescope with the wide field of the Arecibo L-band Feed Array (ALFA) to directly detect 21cm HI emission from galaxies at distances beyond the local Universe bounded by the lower frequency limit of ALFA (z=0.16). AUDS has collected 700 hours of integration time in two fields with a combined area of 1.35 square degrees. In this paper we present data from 60% of the total survey, corresponding to a sensitivity level of 80 micro-Jy. We discuss the data reduction, the search for galaxies, parametrisation, optical identification and completeness. We detect 102 galaxies in the mass range of log M_HI/M_sun-2log h=5.6-10.3. We compute the HI mass function (HIMF) at the highest redshifts so far measured. A fit of a Schechter function results in alpha=-1.37+-0.03, Phi=(7.72+-1.4)*10^3 h^3/Mpc^3 and log M_HI/M_sun=9.75+-0.041+2log h. Using the measured HIMF, we find a cosmic HI density of Omega_HI=(2.33+-0.07)*10^-4/h for the sample z=0.065. We discuss further uncertainties arising from cosmic variance. Because of its depth, AUDS is the first survey that can determine parameters for the HI mass function in independent redshift bins from a single homogeneous data set. The results indicate little evolution of the co-moving mass function and Omega_HI within this redshift range. We calculate a weighted average for Omega_HI in the range $0<z<0.2$, combining the results from AUDS as well as results from other 21cm surveys and stacking, finding a best combined estimate of Omega_HI=(2.63+-0.10)*10-4/h.
Longitudinal and transverse flow over a cavity containing a second immiscible fluid

Abstract An analytical solution for the low-Reynolds-number flow field of a shear flow over a rectangular cavity containing a second immiscible fluid is derived. While flow of a single-phase fluid over a cavity is a standard case investigated in fluid dynamics, flow over a cavity that is filled with a second immiscible fluid has received little attention. The flow field inside the cavity is considered to define a boundary condition for the outer flow, which takes the form of a Navier slip condition with locally varying slip length. The slip-length function is determined heuristically from the related problem of lid-driven cavity flow. Based on the Stokes equations and complex analysis, it is then possible to derive a closed analytical expression for the flow field over the cavity for both the transverse and the longitudinal case. The result is a comparatively simple function, which displays the dependence of the flow field on the cavity geometry and the medium filling the cavity. The analytically computed expression agrees well with results obtained from a numerical solution of the Navier–Stokes equations.
Ten years of INTEGRAL observations of the hard X-ray emission from SGR 1900+14

We exploited the high sensitivity of the INTEGRAL IBIS/ISGRI instrument to study the persistent hard X-ray emission of the soft gamma-ray repeater SGR 1900+14, based on ~11.6 Ms of archival data. The 22-150 keV INTEGRAL spectrum can be well fit by a power law with photon index 1.9 +/- 0.3 and flux F_x = (1.11 +/- 0.17)E-11 erg/cm^2/s (20-100 keV). A comparison with the 20-100 keV flux measured in 1997 with BeppoSAX, and possibly associated with SGR 1900+14, shows a luminosity decrease by a factor of ~5. The slope of the power law above 20 keV is consistent within the uncertainties with that of SGR 1806-20, the other persistent soft gamma-ray repeater for which a hard X-ray emission extending up to 150 keV has been reported.