Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HETEROTROPHIC UTILIZATION OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND BACTERIAL POPULATIONS IN WEST BLUE LAKE, MANITOBA

The relationship between the concentration of nine organic acid substrates (lactic, pyruvic, fumaric, malic, acetic, succinic, glycolic, citric, and formic) and their velocities of uptake has been investigated in West Blue Lake, Manitoba. Maximmn uptake velocities were ranked and compared with bacterial plate counts on minimal media supplemented with single organic acids. For pyruvic, fumaric, malic, acetic, glycolic, and citric acids an cxcellcnt correlation ( r = 0.98) existed between plate counts and acid uptake indicating that for these substrates maximum velocities of uptake are indeed indicative of actual bacterial populations. Measurements of heterotrophic activity in the aquatic environment were first made by Parsons and Strickland (1962) using 14C-labeled glucose and acetate in a marine situation. Subsequently hc terotrophic utilization of various organic substrates in both freshwater and marine environments has been demonstrated (e.g. Wright and Hobbie 1965; Vaccaro and Jannasch 1967; Vaccaro 1969; Hamilton et al. 1966). Such uptake of organic substrates has often been described in terms of Michaclis-Menten kinetics, although the use of this type of analysis has been seriously questioned ( Williams 1973 ) . The incffcctiveness of applying Michaelis-Mentcn kinetics to all multireaction uptake phenomena has also been demonstrated (Vaccaro and Jannasch 1966; I-Iamilton and Prcslan 1970). Our purposes are threefold: to demonstrate that organic acids may be actively utilized by heterotrophic organisms in lake water, that the suitability of these organic acids may bc ranked according to the maximum velocities with which they are rcmoved from water samples, and finally that such a ranking dots reflect the occurrcnce of real bacterial populations in that lake wa tcr. All experiments and observations described were conducted at West Blue Lake, Manitoba. WC gratefully acknowledge financial support of the National Research Council of Canada and the Fishcries Research Board of Canada. We also express our appreciation to R. D. Hamilton and F. J, Ward for their interest and useful criticism.
Pseudomonas rhodesiae PF1: A New and Efficient Biocatalyst for Production of Isonovalal from α-pinene Oxide

A new bacterial strain, identified as Pseudomonas rhodesiae PF1 and deposited under the accession number CIP 107491, is presented. It is very active for the production of the acyclic compound Z-2-methyl-5-isopropyl-hexa-2,5-dien-1-al (isonovalal) from f -pinene oxide. Enzyme synthesis is induced by culturing cells on f -pinene; growing bacteria also have the ability to synthesize the epoxide derivative of f -pinene. Isonovalal production was performed without aeration and with concentrated resting cells previously frozen at m 20°C, and subsequently thawed in a water-organic solvent, two-phase system. The organic layer was hexadecane, the volume ratio being 1:1. The best results achieved allowed recovery of c.a. 60 g/l organic solvent of isonovalal in 2.5 h operation, which is the most efficient process to date in the area of terpene biotransformations.
An interesting antimicrobial activity of egg wax from Amblyomma cajennense(Fabricius) (Acari: Ixodidae)

Abstract The antimicrobial activity of substances present in the egg wax of Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius) was studied, focusing on bacteria, fungi and yeast. Wax was extracted using chloroform/methanol (2:1), and antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the solid culture diffusion assay method, with evaluations at 24, 48 and 72 hours after inoculation. The best results were obtained against yeasts, fungi and Gram-positive bacteria. For enteroviruses, no cytophatic effect in Vero cell cultures was observed for at least 48 hours, and the cell morphology was preserved, suggesting a very interesting potential virustatic activity.
A Hardware Accelerator Based on Neural Network for Object Detection

At present, deep learning algorithms such as neural networks are widely used in all aspects of artificial intelligence. The computing performance of the CPU is low, and the power consumption of the GPU is large. This topic uses FPGA to study and implement the target detection algorithm. The proposed related technology can meet the accuracy requirements of the unmanned system for target detection, as well as the real-time requirements of the video stream. The frame rate of this design is 23.1FPS, and the mAP value is basically the same as that of CPU and GPU. The delay is 47.2% of Intel CPU, and the energy efficiency is 26% of Titan X GPU.
Effect of Grazing System on Grassland Plant Species Richness and Vegetation Characteristics: Comparing Horse and Cattle Grazing

Horses are of increasing relevance in agriculturally managed grasslands across Europe. There is concern to what extent grazing with horses is a sustainable grassland management practice. The effect of longer-term horse grazing on the vegetation characteristics of grasslands has received little attention, especially in comparison to grazing cattle. Our study analyses the relative importance of grazing system (grazer species and regime) and grassland management for vegetation characteristics in grasslands as indicator for sustainable management. We monitored grassland vegetation in western central Germany and compared paddocks grazed by horses under two different regimes, continuous (HC) vs. rotational (HR), to paddocks grazed by cattle (C) under similar trophic site conditions. We observed more plant species and more High Nature Value indicator species on HC compared to C. The vegetation of C was more grazing tolerant and had higher forage value than HC. Regardless of the grazing regime, the competitive component was lower, the stress-tolerant component higher and the floristic contrast between patch-types stronger on HC and HR paddocks compared to C. Species richness was strongly influenced by the extent of the floristic contrast. Our results emphasize the potential of horse grazing for biodiversity in agriculturally managed grasslands.
Growth enhanced brown trout show increased movement activity in the wild

Summary 1Rapid growth is often associated with several fitness-related benefits. However, in most organisms growth rates are rarely maximized, suggesting that trade-offs limit the benefits of rapid growth. To enable sustained high growth, behavioural modifications incurring costs may be required, and these may be responsible for evolution of sub-maximal growth rates. 2In a field experiment it was tested whether rapid growth in brown trout is achieved by increasing potentially costly movement activity. Causal relations were obtained by manipulating the growth rate using bovine growth hormone (GH) implants and monitoring movement activity of stream-dwelling brown trout for two months using radiotelemetry. 3GH-treated trout grew significantly faster than sham-treated trout both in terms of body mass and length. The GH-treated trout also had a significantly larger absolute movement during the experiment, moving about 68% more than the sham-treated trout. There were no GH effects on diel movement or home range between the two treatments. Plasma GH levels were lower in the GH-treated fish, indicating negative feedback inhibition of native GH secretion, and that the bovine GH implant was still functioning at the end of the study. 4This is the first study to show increased movement activity in GH-enhanced fish in the wild. Because increased movement is expected to lead to increased metabolic costs, the higher movement activity in the GH-treated trout was likely associated with increased foraging activity. The results demonstrate that increased movement activity is associated with rapid growth in brown trout. Such movement activity may be unfavourable under certain ecological conditions or life stages (i.e. high risk of predation or low resource levels), and may thus represent one component of the cost limiting evolution of maximum growth rates.
Aggregation of platelets, proliferation of endothelial cells and motility of cancer cells are mediated by the B?1(15)-42 residue of fibrin(ogen)

The fibrinogen molecule contains multiple binding motifs for different types of cellular receptors, acting as a molecular link between coagulation and cell adhesion. In this study we generated a truncated form of the fibrinogen molecule lacking the Bβ1-42 sequence by site-specific proteolysis and evaluated the role of the fragment in adhesive capabilities of platelets, endothelial and cancer cells. Fibrinogen with the removed Bβ1-42 sequence and fibrin without the Bβ15-42 fragment (desβ1-42 fibrinogen and desABβ15-42 fibrin) were obtained by proteolysis using the specific protease from the venom of Echis multisquamatis. The cleaved fragment was purified by HPLC and was identified using MALDI-TOF. ADPand collagen-induced aggregation of washed platelets in the presence of fibrinogen desBβ1-42 was studied using an aggregometer. Proliferation of mice aortic endothelial cells (MAEC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was studied using the fibrin desABβ15-42 as the scaffold. Cell viability was quantified by the MTT test (MAEC). Generation time was calculated for the estimation of proliferative activity of HUVEC. Lung cancer cell line Н1299 was used to evaluate cancer cell motility in vitro using the scratch assay. Direct comparison of cellular behavior in the presence of truncated vs native forms demonstrated attenuated cell adhesion in the presence of fibrinogen desBβ1-42 and fibrin desBβ15-42. The platelet aggregation rate was only slightly decreased in the presence of fibrinogen desBβ1-42 but resulted in 15-20% disaggregation of adhered platelets. We also observed the substantial decrease of generation time of HUVEC and inhibition of viability of MAEC cells grown on scaffolds of a desABβ15-42 matrix. Finally, desBβ1-42 modulated the motility of H1299 cells in vitro and suppressed the wound healing by 20% compared to the full-length fibrinogen. We postulate that fragment 1-42 of the BβN-domain of fibrinogen is not sufficient for platelet aggregation, however it may contribute to platelet clot formation in later stages. at the same time, this fragment may be important for establishing proper cell-to-cell contacts and cell viability of endothelial cells. Also, 1-42 amino acid fragment of the BβN-domain supported the migration of cancer cells suggesting that interactions of fibrinogen with cancer cells could be a target for anticancer therapy. The Bβ1-42 fragment of fibrinogen contributes to efficient intracellular interactions of different types of cells, including platelets, endothelial cells and cancer cells.
Molecular characterization of metallothionein from white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei and its expression response to salinity stress

Abstract The metallothioneins (MTs) are conserved and multi-functional proteins which play crucial roles in the transportation of essential trace elements and the detoxification of harmful metallic elements. A novel MT homologue (accession no. JN707684) was isolated from the Litopenaeus vannamei hypersalinity subtractive library and used to carry out tissue-specific expression under varying salinity stress. The complete cDNA sequence of LvMT contains a 177 bp open reading frame encoding 58 amino acids, a 66 bp 5′-UTR, and a 117 bp 3′-UTR. The LvMT was expressed in the highest peak in the hepatopancreas under hyposalinity (3 g l−1) (19.43-fold, p < 0.01) and hypersalinity (40 g l−1) (22.3-fold, p < 0.01) stress for 6 h. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that LvMT is similar to other crustacean MT proteins. The LvMT was distributed in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of HeLa and EPC cells.
Bone morphogenetic protein acts as a ventral mesoderm modifier in early Xenopus embryos

Mesoderm of early vertebrate embryos gradually acquires dorsal–ventral polarity during embryogenesis. This specification of mesoderm is thought to be regulated by several polypeptide growth factors. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), a member of the TGF‐β family, is one of the regulators suggested to be involved in the formation of ventral mesoderm. In this paper, the nature of the endogenous BMP signal in dorsal–ventral specification was assessed in early Xenopus embryos using a dominant negative mutant of the Xenopus BMP receptor. In ectodermal explant assays, disruption of endogenous BMP signaling by the mutant receptor changed the competence of the explant cells to mesoderm‐inducing factors, activin and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and led to formation of neural tissue without mesoderm induction. This result suggests that endogenous BMP acts as a ventral mesoderm modifier rather than a ventral mesoderm inducer, and that interactions between endogenous BMP and mesoderm‐inducing factors may be important in dorsal–ventral patterning of embryonic mesoderm. In addition, the induction of neural tissue by inhibition of the BMP signaling pathway also suggests involvement of BMP in neural induction.
Brief Communication: Residence Time of Energy in the
Atmospheres of Venus, Earth, Mars and Titan

Abstract. The concept of residence time of energy in a planetary atmosphere τR, recently introduced and computed for the Earth's atmosphere (Osácar et al., 2020), is here extended to the atmospheres of Venus, Mars and Titan. After a global thermal perturbation, τR is the time scale the atmosphere needs to return to equilibrium. The residence times of energy in the atmospheres of Venus, Earth, Mars and Titan have been computed. In the cases of Venus, Mars and Titan, these are mere lower bounds due to a lack of some energy data.
Prepartum lameness on subsequent lactation in Holstein dairy cows

portuguesO objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as consequencias da claudicacao no periodo pre-parto no inicio da lactacao subsequente de vacas da raca Holandes. Vinte e sete vacas multiparas foram monitoradas do dia -30 ate o dia 63 em relacao ao parto. Trinta dias antes do parto os animais foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com classificacao de escore de locomocao (EL) em que EL e atribuido ao animal sem claudicacao, EL 2 suspeito de claudicar e EL 3, 4 e 5 representam claudicacao leve, moderada e severa, respectivamente. No grupo de vacas claudicantes (n=15) os animais apresentavam EL ≥3 e no grupo controle (n=12) apresentavam EL de 1. Foi mensurada a producao de leite, escore de condicao corporal (ECC) e as concentracoes sanguineas de β-hidroxibutirato (BHB), ureia, fosforo, calcio, aspartato aminotransferase (AST), gama glutamil transferase (GGT) e proteinas plastmaticas totais (PPT). A producao media de leite das vacas claudicantes (17,675 ± 0,31 L/dia) e concentracao de calcio sanguineo (7,42 ± 0,12 mg/dL) foram menores quando comparadas com as nao-claudicantes (22,27 ± 0,42 L/dia e 9,63 17,675 ± 0,13 mg/dL). Alem disso, vacas claudicantes perderam mais ECC no pos-parto recente. Os metabolitos AST, GGT, PPT, ureia, BHB e fosforo nao diferiram entre grupos durante o periodo avaliado. A claudicacao evidente em vacas no pre-parto apresenta grandes reflexos negativos na producao de leite e calcemia desses animais, tornando o EL pre-parto uma ferramenta importante no diagnostico precoce de prejuizos na futura lactacao EnglishThe aim of this study was to confirm the possible consequences of prepartum lameness on subsequent lactation among Holstein cows. In this research, 27 multiparous cows, were monitored from the 30th to 63rd day, relative to calving. Thirty days prior to parturition, the animals were segregated into two groups based on the locomotion score (LS), where LS 1 is attributed to animals without claudication, LS 2 to those with suspected lameness and LS 3, 4 and 5 to those with mild, moderate and severe lameness, respectively; in the lame cows group (LC) (n=15), the animals displayed LS ≥ 3, whereas in the non-lame cows group (NLC) (n=12) they showed LS 1. Milk production, body condition score (BCS) and blood concentration levels of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), urea, phosphorus, calcium aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and total plasma proteins (PPT) were evaluated. Milk production (17.675 ± 0.31 L of milk/day) and blood calcium concentration (7.42 ± 0.12 mg/dL) were lower in the lame cows in comparison to those without lameness (22.27 ± 0.42 L of milk/day and 9.63 ± 0.13 mg/dL). Besides, the lame cows showed higher BCS loss during the early postpartum period. The metabolites AST, GGT, PPT, urea, BHB and phosphorus revealed no difference between the groups during the period evaluated. The lameness evident in cows during prepartum exerted major negative effects on the milk production and calcemia, making the LS evaluation during these period an important tool in the early diagnosis of losses for future lactation
Vertebral defects in fourhorn sculpin, Myoxocephalus quadricornis L., exposed to heavy metal pollution in the Gulf of Bothnia

Vertebral defects in adult fourhorn sculpin were used to trace heavy metal pollution in the Gulf of Bothnia (Baltic Sea). From 1978 to 1984 a total of 9789 specimens from 22 localities were X-rayed and analysed for vertebral deformities, e.g., scoliosis, deformation and/or dislocation of individual vertebrae, etc. The frequency of fish with vertebral defects ranged between 4.3 and 39.7%, the highest frequencies being found in the vicinity of a metal ore smeltery (Ronnskarsverken) emitting heavy metals and arsenic. The possible influence of genetic factors, migration, sex, size, age and parasitic infections on the results are discussed and evaluated.
Comparison of Escherichia coli KO11 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 96581 in fermenting Pinus patula hydrolysate pretreated at different steam explosion severity.

Bioconversion of wood residues to biofuels such as ethanol is one of the feasible initiatives towards production of renewable energy. This work compares the effectiveness of Escherichia coli KO11 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 96581 in fermenting Pinus patula (pine) hydrolysate pretreated by acid-catalyzed steam explosion. The results show no significant difference in terms of the ethanol yield when E. coli KO11 and S. cerevisiae ATCC 96581 were used. The maximum ethanol concentration obtained in test tubes fermentation were 18.30 and 19.41 g/l for E. coliKO11 and S. cerevisiae ATCC 96581, respectively, from samples pretreated at 225°C/5 min. The ethanol yields obtained using bioreactors for samples pretreated at 225°C, 0.5% SO2, and 5 min, were 21.30 and 19.63 g/l for E. coli and S. cerevisiae, respectively. Overall, ethanol yields were higher in bioreactors than in test tubes for both strains. In comparison, S. cerevisiae consumed the substrate faster than E. coli, thus making S. cerevisiae the most preferred strain in fermentation of hydrolysates from steam pretreated P. patula. Key words: Pinus patula, steam explosion pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Asymptotic Results in Broken Stick Models: The Approach via Lorenz Curves

A stick of length 1 is broken at random into n smaller sticks. How much inequality does this procedure produce? What happens if, instead of breaking a stick, we break a square? What happens asymptotically? Which is the most egalitarian distribution of the smaller sticks (or rectangles)? Usually, when studying inequality, one uses a Lorenz curve. The more egalitarian a distribution, the closer the Lorenz curve is to the first diagonal of [ 0 , 1 ] 2 . This is why in the first section we study the space of Lorenz curves. What is the limit of a convergent sequence of Lorenz curves? We try to answer these questions, firstly, in the deterministic case and based on the results obtained there in the stochastic one.
Fabrication of transparent, durable and self-cleaning superhydrophobic coatings for solar cells

Herein, a superhydrophobic coating with high transparency and ultrahigh adhesive force was designed and prepared for use on the glass covers of solar cells, which exhibited excellent thermal stability and strong acid–base corrosion resistance. SiO2, as the bottom layer, was prepared via plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), and then glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH560) hydrolysis condensation resulted in the formation of hydroxyl groups at the two ends, which were used to form a network structure as the middle connecting layer. The top superhydrophobic layer was obtained via the hydrophilic modification of SiO2 by hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS). The structure of this superhydrophobic surface is similar to the bilayer structure of the phospholipids in the cell membrane. The superhydrophobic coating exhibited high optical transmittance, which reached 94% in the visible region. The results show that the superhydrophobic coating has an excellent self-cleaning performance (WCA = 153°). Moreover, its surface showed remarkable stability against strong acid, strong alkali, and the impact of water drops and sand. Finally, a simple simulation of silicon-based superhydrophobic glass solar cells was carried out, and a long-term outdoor experiment was performed to test their photoelectric conversion efficiency. During the two-month study period, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the solar cell module without the coating was reduced to 13.01% due to the natural deposition of dust, which was significantly lower than that of the superhydrophobic coating-covered module with self-cleaning function (PCE was 14.21%).
Outage and throughput performance of a multihop network with an adaptive power splitting-based energy harvesting

ABSTRACT In this letter, throughput performance of radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting-based multihop decode forward relay network with a novel adaptive harvesting scheme is proposed and performance is investigated. In the proposed adaptive power splitting scheme, the power splitting factors are adjusted dynamically to achieve the maximum end to end signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by equalising the SNR at all nodes. The statistics of variation of power splitting factors of each node are reported. The simulation results show that the performance of the proposed scheme outperformed in comparison with the conventional scheme in terms of throughput and outage probability.
Incorporating Morphological Compostions with Transformer to Improve BERT

BERT model achieves huge performance gains by modeling words and their subwords as input units. However, it still neglects the semantic information of morpheme which has been verified in many previous works. In this paper, we propose Transformer Morpheme Model (TMM), which is based on BERT and explores the effect of morpheme. Since the process of previous works about morpheme are context-independent.TMM model adopts Transformer to process morpheme information on the input layer to overcome this problem. Experiments on MRPC task are conducted to validate the feasibility of our model. TMM model has achieved about 1% gains over BERT model on MRPC task. The results demonstrate the superiority of our method and the effectiveness of morpheme information in the BERT model.