Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pancreas divisum: depiction with multi-detector row CT.

PURPOSE To retrospectively evaluate contrast material-enhanced multi-detector row computed tomography (CT) in the depiction of pancreas divisum. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was approved by the investigational review board. Seventy-seven patients (46 men and 31 women; mean age, 51 years) underwent CT with a four-detector row scanner and endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP). Section thickness was 3.2 mm, and the reconstruction interval was 3 mm. Two radiologists independently evaluated the CT data sets with picture archiving and communication system (PACS) workstations equipped with software for two- and three-dimensional postprocessing reformations; the radiologists were blinded to the clinical and ERP data. Pancreas divisum was diagnosed at CT if what the authors termed the "dominant dorsal duct sign" (the caliber of the dorsal duct was larger than that of the ventral duct) was present and if the dorsal and ventral ducts did not appear to communicate with each other at cine review of images. ERP findings were used as the standard of reference for determining the performance (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values) of the radiologists' CT interpretations. Interobserver agreement was measured by using kappa statistics. RESULTS For four of the 77 patients (5%), both radiologists considered that depiction of the pancreatic duct on CT images was not sufficient to enable evaluation of ductal anatomy. These patients were excluded from further analysis. In the remaining 73 patients, ERP demonstrated pancreas divisum in 10 (14%); both observers made the correct diagnosis in nine of these patients. In addition, one radiologist had one false-positive interpretation, whereas the other radiologist had two false-positive interpretations. Thus, for observer 1, the calculated sensitivity was 90% (95% confidence interval [CI], 60%-98%) and the specificity was 98% (95% CI, 91%-100%). For observer 2, sensitivity was 90% (95% CI, 60%-98%) and specificity was 97% (95% CI, 89%-99%). Interobserver agreement was excellent (kappa = 0.93). CONCLUSION CT scans obtained with multi-detector row scanners and interpreted with PACS workstations enable depiction of pancreas divisum. This assessment is possible only when the pancreatic duct is visualized.
Diastolic Blood Pressure as a Biomarker of Axitinib Efficacy in Solid Tumors

Purpose: To evaluate if diastolic blood pressure (dBP) ≥90 mm Hg during axitinib treatment is a marker of efficacy. Experimental Design: The relationship between dBP ≥90 mm Hg and efficacy was retrospectively explored across 5 phase II studies of single-agent axitinib for the treatment of 4 different tumor types. All patients had baseline BP ≤140/90 mm Hg and were stratified into 2 groups based on in-clinic BP measurements after initiating therapy: those with dBP <90 mm Hg throughout therapy and those with at least 1 dBP ≥90 mm Hg. Median overall survival (mOS), median progression-free survival (mPFS), objective response rate (ORR), and adverse events were evaluated by dBP group in individual and pooled analyses. Results: Two-hundred thirty patients were evaluated. Patients with dBP ≥90 mm Hg had a significantly lower relative risk of death than those with dBP <90 mm Hg [adjusted HR (95% CI) = 0.55 (0.39, 0.77); P < 0.001]. The relative risk of progression was also lower in patients with dBP ≥90 mm Hg [HR (95% CI) = 0.76 (0.54, 1.06), P = 0.107], and ORR was significantly higher (43.9% vs. 12.0%; P < 0.001). In an 8-week landmark analysis, mOS (25.8 vs. 14.9 months) and mPFS (10.2 vs. 7.1 months) were greater for patients in the ≥90 mm Hg group. Adverse events were similar between groups. Conclusions: Axitinib efficacy correlated with dBP ≥90 mm Hg. Further investigation of dBP as a predictive biomarker of efficacy in patients receiving axitinib is warranted. Clin Cancer Res; 17(11); 3841–9. ©2011 AACR.
Bacterial proteins required for replication of phage Q ribonucleic acid. Pruification and properties of host factor I, a ribonucleic acid-binding protein.

Abstract A bacterial protein (host factor I) required for the replication of bacteriophage Qβ RNA in vitro has been purified from uninfected Escherichia coli to apparent homogeneity. When analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate the purified protein migrates as a single band with an apparent molecular weight of 12,500. The molecular weight of the active protein is approximately 75,000, suggesting a subunit structure composed of six polypeptide chains. RNA synthesis catalyzed by the Qβ RNA polymerase with Qβ RNA as template is completely dependent upon the presence of the purified protein. The concentration of factor required for the maximum rate of synthesis varies according to the amount of Qβ RNA added, but is independent of enzyme concentration. The stoichiometry of the reaction suggests that 1 molecule of factor is required per molecule of RNA. Binding of factor to several different types of single stranded RNA was demonstrated by zonal centrifugation; binding was not detected with double stranded reovirus RNA or with double or single stranded DNA. Studies on the role of factor in the reaction suggest that this host protein acts as a positive control element required at some step prior to the initiation of synthesis with Qβ RNA template.
Shared genetic contributions of fruit and vegetable consumption with BMI in families 20 y after sharing a household.

BACKGROUND Obesity has a strong genetic basis, but the identification of genetic variants has not resulted in improved clinical care. However, phenotypes that influence weight, such as diet, may have shared underpinnings with obesity. Interestingly, diet also has a genetic basis. Thus, we hypothesized that the genetic underpinnings of diet may partially overlap with the genetics of obesity. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine whether dietary intake and BMI share heritable components in adulthood. DESIGN We used a cross-sectional cohort of parents and adult offspring (n = 1410) from the Princeton Follow-up Study. Participants completed Block food-frequency questionnaires 15-27 y after sharing a household. Heritability of dietary intakes was estimated by using variance components analysis. Bivariate genetic analyses were used to estimate the shared effects between BMI and heritable dietary intakes. RESULTS Fruit, vegetable, and protein consumption exhibited moderate heritability [(mean ± SE) 0.26 ± 0.06, 0.32 ± 0.06, and 0.21 ± 0.06, respectively; P < 0.001], but other dietary intakes were modest (h(2) < 0.2). Only fruit and vegetable consumption exhibited genetic correlations with BMI (ρ(g) = -0.28 ± 0.13 and -0.30 ± 0.13, respectively; P < 0.05). Phenotypic correlations with BMI were not significant. CONCLUSIONS We showed that fruit, vegetable, and protein intakes are moderately heritable and that fruit and vegetable consumption shares underlying genetic effects with BMI in adulthood, which suggests that individuals genetically predisposed to low fruit and vegetable consumption may be predisposed to higher BMI. Thus, obese individuals who have low fruit and vegetable consumption may require targeted interventions that go beyond low-calorie, plant-based programs for weight management.
Point mutational analysis of the Xenopus laevis 5S gene promoter.

We have introduced C to T transitions into GC and CG base pairs of the Xenopus laevis somatic 5S gene coding region and its 5′ flank in order to analyse their effects on transcription activity and regulation. These studies allow us to differentiate between the two promoter elements and their spacer, within the internal control region. Mutations within the 5′ element which dissent from the corresponding tRNA consensus sequence reduce transcription activity substantially without significantly affecting transcription factor (TF) III A binding. Mutations in the spacer region have no pronounced effect on transcription. The 3′ promoter element is found to extend to position 97, since mutations in this region interfere with transcription activity. This may be, at least partially, attributable to a reduced competition strength for TF III A.
Geologic disposal of high-level radioactive wastes; earth-science perspectives

The long term storage of radioactive waste and its geological, biological, physical, and chemical effects are considered. The development of acceptable waste repositories are outlined: (1) identification of sites that meet broad criteria for tectonic stability, slow ground-water movement, and long flow paths to the surface; (2) intensive subsurface exploration of such sites to determine the hydrologic and geologic conditions in and around the potential repository; (3) predictions of repository behavior based on the initial conditions and on various assumptions about the future; (4) evaluation of the risk associated with these predictions; and (5) a judgement whether these risks are acceptable. Some of the key earth-science questions involved in the first four steps are discussed.
Hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals are involved in the phototoxic action of hematoporphyrin derivative against tumor cells.

This study was aimed to estimate the participation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), other than singlet oxygen (1O2), in the antitumor effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) as well as to determine the ability of photoexcited HPD to the formation of protein peroxides that currently are regarded as a new form of ROS. Studies were performed on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells, which were loaded with HPD in phosphate-buffered saline and then irradiated with red light at 630 run in the same buffer. Experiments indicated that H2O2 and oxygen radicals could mediate the tumoricidal action of HPD-PDT; we found that photosensitization of EAC cells with HPD leads to the formation of significant amounts of H2O2, superoxide (O2-.), and hydroxyl (OH.) radicals, which along with 1O2 were involved in photoinactivation of the cells in vitro. Our data showed that in EAC cells subjected to HPD-PDT, the generation H2O2, O2-. , and OH. could be largely mediated by: (i) an increase in the activity of xanthine oxidase (XOD), due most probably to the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) to XOD via a Ca2+-dependent proteolytic process as well as oxidation of SH groups in XDH; and (ii) photooxidation of some cellular constituents (proteins). Another interesting finding of our studies is that in tumor cells subjected to HPD-PDT the Fenton-like reactions could play an important role in the generation of OH. , and that cell-bound Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase as well as catalase can protect tumor cells against the phototoxic action of HPD. In addition, we clearly demonstrated the ability of photoexcited HPD to the generation of protein peroxides in tumor cells. Studies suggest that 1O2 is the main agent responsible for the generation of protein peroxides in EAC cells treated with HPD-PDT, although other ROS (H2O2, O2-., and OH.) were also implicated in this process. However, further work is needed to clarify the significance of these peroxides in the antitumor effect of PDT with HPD.
Flux Distribution in Superconducting Films with Holes

Flux penetration into type-II superconducting films is simulated for transverse applied magnetic field and flux creep dynamics. The films contain macroscopic nonconducting holes, and we introduce the holes in the simulation formalism by reconstruction of the magnetic field change inside the holes. We find that the holes induce a region of reduced flux density extending toward the nearest sample edge, in addition to the parabolic $d$ lines. The region of reduced flux density is due to compression of current streamlines and is accompanied by a significantly enhanced flux traffic. The results are compared to and found to be in good agreement with experimental magneto-optical images of $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{x}$ films including holes and slits.
BDCA1-Positive Dendritic Cells (DCs) Represent a Unique Human Myeloid DC Subset That Induces Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to Staphylococcus aureus Infection

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (bacteremia) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and places substantial cost burdens on health care systems. The role of peripheral blood dendritic cells (PBDCs) in the immune responses against S. aureus infection has not been well characterized. In this study, we demonstrated that BDCA1+ myeloid DCs (mDCs) represent a unique PBDC subset that can induce immune responses against S. aureus infection. BDCA1+ mDCs could engulf S. aureus and strongly upregulated the expression of costimulatory molecules and production of proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, BDCA1+ mDCs expressed high levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules in response to S. aureus and greatly promoted proliferation and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production in CD4 and CD8 T cells. Moreover, BDCA1+ mDCs expressed higher levels of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) and scavenger receptor A (SR-A) than those on CD16+ and BDCA3+ mDCs, and these two receptors were both required for the recognition of S. aureus and the subsequent activation of BDCA1+ mDCs. Finally, BDCA1+ mDC-mediated immune responses against S. aureus were dependent on MyD88 signaling pathways. These results demonstrate that human BDCA1+ mDCs represent a unique subset of mDCs that can respond to S. aureus to undergo maturation and activation and to induce Th1 and Tc1 immune responses.
7C-2 Non-Invasive Measurements of Longitudinal Strain of the Arterial Wall

We have recently shown that there is a previous unknown longitudinal movement present in the arterial wall. The aim is now to investigate whether the longitudinal movement is associated with longitudinal strain of the arterial wall. The objective of this paper was to describe a new non-invasive ultrasonic technique that measures the longitudinal strain of arteries in human in-vivo. Results indicate that a longitudinal strain is present in the common carotid artery.
A novel method for redundant feature rejection in correspondence problem

Feature vector plays an important role in many computer vision applications such as image registration, face recognition, object tracking etc. In many cases, the dimension of the extracted feature vectors using algorithms such as SIFT (Scale-Invariant Feature Transform), SURF (Speeded Up Robust Features), PFH (Point Feature Histogram), FPFH (Fast Point Feature Histogram) etc. can be very large. At the same time, a large number of extracted features is not necessarily conducive to better correspondence. It can make the process very slow and unsuitable for real time use. A large number of feature vectors increases the computational burden in subsequent processing. The feature vectors may be redundant most of the time. Features extracted should not be unique but also as mutually distinct as possible for best results in its application. In this paper a novel method is proposed to control the number of feature vectors which can be applied with various feature extraction algorithms. It seeks to ensure uniqueness and distinction of the selected features. A controllable number of feature vectors is very desirable in many situations and makes this approach very relevant for real time problems.
Image Retrieval System Based on Sketch

In today’s world, technology is enhancing day by day, the most enhanced research area in digital image processing is image retrieval system . The techniques used for retrieving image on the basis of content , the content as text, sketch, color and shape that can be describe the image. Here we present various image retrieval methods which is used as sketch content. So the system is referred to as Sketch Based Image Retrieval System (SBIR). In this paper implement EHD, HOG and Integrated EHD and HOG algorithms and give the comparison of three algorithm based on their accuracy measured. SBIR is advantageous than purely text base image search. The retrieval system using sketches can be essential and effective in our daily life such as Medical diagnosis, digital library, search engines, crime prevention, geographical information, photo sharing sites and remote sensing systems.
JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Text Sequences

This document describes the JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) text sequence format and associated media type "application/json-seq". A JSON text sequence consists of any number of JSON texts, all encoded in UTF-8, each prefixed by an ASCII Record Separator (0x1E), and each ending with an ASCII Line Feed character (0x0A).
Error-rate for the 9600 Bps signalling configuration of the V.29 modem

A closed form, analytical expression for the symbol error probability of the V.29 signal constellation is derived and numerically evaluated. The Gray code penalty for the case of differentially encoded transmission is evaluated, and the resulting probability of a bit error is obtained as a function of the average bit-energy-to-noise density ratio.
Triaxial Fluxgate Sensor Excitation and Core Shape Study

Triaxial fluxgate sensors working in parallel mode with electroplated Permalloy (Ni80Fe20) cores were manufactured utilizing a low-cost printed circuit board technology and subsequently characterized. Sensor versions with various core shapes are compared and they are all shown to be capable of measuring low intensity magnetic field in three axes. It was found that the sensor sensitivity in the xy plane is influenced by the core material anisotropy (133 and 151 V/T in x and y axes respectively for T-shaped core sample). Despite much higher demagnetization ratio the sensitivity in z axis is higher (310 V/T for T-shaped core sample) as a result of higher core cross-section and pickup coil construction. The effects of two excitation modes - serial and separated - are investigated. It is shown, that serial excitation mode results in sensor axes tilt within xy plane, the actual tilt value being dependent on the core shape (14deg/6deg/6deg with Cross-/T-/X-shaped core sensor, respectively). The results suggest that the narrower the core, the lower axes tilt results. The alternative separated excitation mode substantially reduced the axes tilt below 2deg but increased the sensor output hysteresis in z axis reading (from less than 0.3% to 1.5% in plusmn50 muT sweep).
A Parallel-Elastic Actuator for a Torque-Controlled Back-Support Exoskeleton

A torque-controlled back-support exoskeleton to assist manual handling is presented. Its objective is to provide a significant portion of the forces necessary to carry out the physical task, thereby reducing the compressive loads on the lumbar spine and the associated risk of injury. The design rationale for a parallel-elastic actuator (PEA) is proposed to match the asymmetrical torque requirements associated with the target task. The parallel spring relaxes the maximum motor torque requirements, with substantial effects on the resulting torque-control performance. A formal analysis and experimental evaluation is presented with the goal of documenting the improvement in performance. To this end, the proposed PEA is compared with a more traditional configuration without the parallel spring. The formal analysis and experimental results highlight the importance of the motor inertia reflected through the gearbox and illustrate the improvements in the proposed measures of torque-control performance.
Threat assessment based on variable parameter dynamic Bayesian network

To resolve the key issue of uncertainty knowledge representation in the process of establishing threat assessment system, a variable-parameter dynamic Bayesian network for threat assessment is proposed. A self-adaptive assessment system based on variable-parameter dynamic Bayesian network is presented. And a novel threat assessment optimization algorithm based on variable-parameter dynamic Bayesian network is developed, which achieves the goal of learning variable parameters by on-line data mining techniques. The experimental results demonstrate that, using real-time data, the presented approach can modify the threat assessment knowledge repository dynamically, which leads the assessment model to a better adaptability for producing more accurate assessment results.
Submission PDF Self-regulation via neural simulation

Can taking the perspective of other people modify our own affective responses to stimuli? To address this question, we examined the neurobiological mechanisms supporting the ability to take another person’s perspective and thereby emotionally experience the world as they would. We measured participants’ neural activity as they attempted to predict the emotional responses of two individuals that differed in terms of their proneness to experience negative affect. Results showed that behavioral and neural signatures of negative affect (amygdala activity, and a distributed multi-voxel pattern reflecting affective negativity) “simulated” the presumed affective state of the target person. Furthermore, the anterior mPFC—a region implicated in mental state inference—exhibited a perspective-dependent pattern of connectivity with the amygdala, and the multi-voxel pattern of activity within the mPFC differentiated between the two targets. We discuss the implications of these findings for research on perspective-taking and self-regulation.
In-Orbit Measurement of the AOS (Acousto-Optical Spectrometer) Response Using Frequency Comb Signals

The in-orbit response characteristic of the AOS (Acousto-Optical Spectrometer) was estimated from spectral profiles taken by using a frequency comb generator, which was originally used for frequency axis calibration. Frequency comb signals taken under various environmental conditions in orbit were consolidated to deduce the response profile of the spectrometer. The fluctuation bandwidth calculated from the deduced spectral response compared well with that derived from the noise characteristic of the spectrometer.
The photoresponses of structurally identified amacrine cells in the turtle retina

Intracellular recordings were obtained from amacrine cells afterwards identified morphologically by horseradish peroxidase injection. There is a correlation between the time course of the photoresponses and the distribution of the cell processes across the inner plexiform layer (i. p. l.). Cells producing the shortest duration, transient ‘on‒off’ photoresponses branched in a single, narrow stratum of the i. p. l. (3‒7 μm across). Transient photoresponses with a longer time course were recorded from cells branching in a thicker stratum of i. p. l. (up to 20 μm), or from bistratified cells. Amacrine cells producing sustained centre-on or centre-off photoresponses were radially diffused across the whole i. p. l. ; therefore this type of photoresponse need not be associated with a specific cellular stratification within the i. p. l. It is concluded that the two main functional types of amacrine cell, i. e. transient on‒off and sustained centre-on and centre-off, are subject to different structural organization of inputs than are the homologous physiological types of ganglion cells in this species, in the cat and in the carp. In a summary diagram the observed characteristics of the photoresponses are tentatively explained in term s of a non-homogeneous distribution of bipolar synaptic inputs along amacrine cell processes.