Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Process models require process measures

From Dual-Process Theories of the Social Mind. Edited by Jeffrey W. Sherman, Bertram Gawronski, and Yaacov Trope. Copyright 2014 by The Guilford Press. All rights reserved. Chapter 9 Process Models Require Process Measures Jeffrey W. Sherman, Regina Krieglmeyer, and Jimmy Calanchini The goal of dual-­process models (DPMs) is to describe the contributions of two distinct classes of cognitive processes to judgments and behavior. One of the major challenges to achieving this goal is the need for a compre- hensive measurement strategy that provides clear indicators of the dual processes, the conditions under which they operate, and the manner in which they interact to trans- form input into behavior. In this chapter, we review the most common measurement strategies applied to DPMs and some of the difficulties associated with those strate- gies. Many problems for DPMs result from the confounding of the qualitative nature of the dual processes in the models with the distinction between automaticity and control. Other problems arise from the use of behavioral measure outcomes as prox- ies for unmeasured cognitive processes and their operating conditions. We detail the advantages of a formal modeling approach and highlight some of the uses to which this approach has been applied in our own research with the Quadruple Process (Quad) model (Sherman et al., 2008). Finally, we describe theoretical insights related to DPMs that have been gleaned from this research. Measurement Challenges in DPMs Operating Principles versus Operating Conditions Common measurement strategies developed for DPMs and some of their attendant prob- lems can be traced to the historical origins of DPMs. Specifically, many DPMs arose in the wake of the long-­ standing dispute between two competing views of human information processing. The naive scientist view proposes that people try to understand their world much as scientists try to under- stand their topic of study—via careful, ratio- nal attempts to discover the true state of the world (e.g., Heider, 1958; Kelley, 1967). In contrast, the cognitive miser view holds that people have limited processing capacity and, as a result, rely on cognitively efficient mental shortcuts and heuristics that provide sufficiently accurate information for little effort (e.g., March & Simon, 1958; Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, it became apparent that the dis- tinction between effortful, optimizing pro- cesses and effortless, satisficing processes was not an either–­ or proposition. Rather,
REGIONAL WATER SECURITY IN THE HINDU KUSH HIMALAYAN REGION: ROLE OF GEOSPATIAL SCIENCE AND TOOLS

The Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region is the source of ten large Asian river systems – the Amu Darya, Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra (Yarlungtsanpo), Irrawaddy, Salween (Nu), Mekong (Lancang), Yangtse (Jinsha), Yellow River (Huanghe), and Tarim (Dayan), - and provides water, ecosystem services, and the basis for livelihoods to a population of around 0.2 billion people in the region. The river basins of these rivers provide water to 1.3 billion people, a fifth of the world’s population. Against this background, a comprehensive river basin program having current focus on the Koshi and Indus basins is launched at the International Center for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) as a joint scientific endeavour of several participating institutions from four regional countries of the HKH region. The river basin approach aims is to maximize the economic and social benefits derived from water resources in an equitable manner while conserving and, where necessary, restoring freshwater ecosystems, and improved understanding of upstream-downstream linkages. In order to effectively support river basin management satellite based multi sensor and multi temporal data is used to understand diverse river basin related aspects. We present here our recent experiences and results on satellite based rainfall and run off assessments, land use and land cover change and erosion dynamics, multi thematic water vulnerability assessments, space based data streaming systems for dynamic hydrological modelling, and potential applications of agent based models in effective local water use management.
Quantitative Assessment Of General Cyber-Attack And Optimal Strategy-Selection Modelling In CPPS

Recent years, an explosion of cyber-attack accidents once more sound the alarm on the significance of cyber-security issue. For the sake of establishing robust panoramic defense architecture in modern Cyber-Physical Power System (CPPS), an effective and quantitative vulnerability assessment of CPPS is in desperate demand. Consequently, based on the detailed induction and analysis of general framework of cyber-attack, a quantitative assessment method is proposed in the paper from the aspects of both attackers and defenders. In the first place, the probability of selecting access point from the attacker’s view is quantized through the scoring of the three properties of information security, the penetration difficulty and the impact of vulnerability. Then, the impact assessment of defender and attacker strategies is discussed via the analysis of both positive and negative aspects. Afterwards, by means of the solving the linear programming issue, the optimal determination of strategy-selection is realized via Nash Equilibrium of Mixed Strategy(NEMS) algorithm. The reasonability of the proposed assessment framework together with future research work are demonstrated at the end of paper.
Assessment of the Influence of Oil Palm and Rubber Plantations in Tropical Peat Swamp Soils Using Microbial Diversity and Activity Analysis

In this study, tropical peat swamp soils from Giam Siak Kecil-Bukit Batu Biosphere Reserve (GSKBB) in Indonesia was evaluated to assess the impact of oil palm and rubber plantations on this unique organic soil through comparisons with soils from a natural forest using a polyphasic approach (chemical and molecular microbial assays). Changes in the ammonium, nitrate and phosphate concentration were observed in soils converted to agricultural use. Soil enzyme activities in plantation soils showed reduced β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase and acid phosphatase activities (50% - 55% decrease). PCR-DGGE based analysis showed that the soil bacterial community from agricultural soils exhibited the lowest similarity amongst the different microbial groups (fungi and Archaea) evaluated (34% similarity to the natural forest soil). Shannon Diversity index values showed that generally the conversion of tropical peatland natural forest to rubber plantation resulted in a greater impact on microbial diversity (ANOVA p < 0.05). Overall, this study indicated substantial shifts in the soil microbial activity and diversity upon conversion of natural peatland forest to agriculture, with a greater change being observed under rubber plantation compared to oil palm plantation. These findings provided important data for future peatland management by relating changes in the soil microbial community and activities associated to agricultural practices carried out on peatland.
Aerosols in boreal forest: wintertime relations between formation events and bio-geo-chemical activity

We studied wintertime aerosol formation and subsequent particle growth events that have been frequently observed in ambient air at a boreal forest site (SMEAR II station) in southern Finland. Aerosol size distributions, gas concentrations, biological activity and meteorological parameters have been measured at the site continuously since 1996. An important observation, based on flux measurements, was that all particle formation events were connected with either increased water evapo-transpiration or carbon dioxide uptake by the forest. However, increased H 2 O or CO 2 fluxes did also occur on days without aerosol formation events, but these occasions were connected to cloudy or polluted days with high pre-existing aerosol concentrations. Thus, our overall conclusion is that in order for an aerosol formation event to occur, some ecological or bio-geo-chemical activity is needed. During wintertime, this activity seems to be mostly related to snow-atmosphere interactions.
Early Number Skills: Examining the Effects of Class-Wide Interventions on Kindergarten Performance

The purpose of this study was to use multilevel modeling to compare the effects of KPALS alone and combined with goal setting and reinforcement to a control condition on early numeracy performance of 96 kindergarteners. Demographic variables were examined as moderators. Results differed according to early numeracy measure, with both versions of KPALS outperforming the control group for number identification, while KPALS plus goal setting and reinforcement improved performance on missing number and the TEMA-3. Demographic variables, but not treatment, accounted for performance on a measure of quantity discrimination. Posttest differences were found for TEMA-3 and NI, but no differences persisted at 4 months follow-up.
Light absorption of brown carbon in eastern China based on 3-year multi-wavelength aerosol optical property observations and an improved absorption Ångström exponent segregation method

Abstract. Brown carbon (BrC), a certain group of organic carbon (OC) with strong absorption from the visible (VIS) to ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths, makes a considerable contribution to light absorption on both global and regional scales. A high concentration and proportion of OC has been reported in China, but studies of BrC absorption based on long-term observations are rather limited in this region. In this study, we reported 3-year results of light absorption of BrC based on continuous measurement at the Station for Observing Regional Processes of the Earth System (SORPES) in the Yangtze River Delta, China, combined with Mie theory calculation. Light absorption of BrC was obtained using an improved absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) segregation method. The AAE of non-absorbing coated black carbon (BC) at each time step is calculated based on Mie theory simulation, together with single particle soot photometer (SP2) and aethalometer observations. By using this improved method, the variation of the AAE over time is taken into consideration, making it applicable for long-term analysis. The annual average light absorption coefficient of BrC (babs_BrC) at 370 nm was 6.3 Mm−1 at the SORPES station. The contribution of BrC to total aerosol absorption (PBrC) at 370 nm ranged from 10.4 to 23.9 % (10th and 90th percentiles, respectively), and reached up to ∼ 33 % in the open-biomass-burning-dominant season and winter. Both babs_BrC and PBrC exhibited clear seasonal cycles with two peaks in later spring/early summer (May–June, babs_BrC ∼ 6 Mm−1, PBrC ∼ 17 %) and winter (December, babs_BrC ∼ 15 Mm−1, PBrC ∼ 22 %), respectively. Lagrangian modeling and the chemical signature observed at the site suggested that open biomass burning and residential coal/biofuel burning were the dominant sources influencing BrC in the two seasons, respectively.
Characterization of Bi1:5Sb0:5Te1:8Se1:2 nanoflakes

This report describes the measurements performed on Bi1:5Sb0:5Te1:8Se1:2 (BSTS). The goal of this research is to determine the qualities of BSTS as a topological insulator. A topological insulator is a material that is insulating in the bulk, but conducting on the surface. For BSTS, the magnetoresistance and Hall resistance are researched as a function of temperature and magnetic �eld, and various other properties as a function of temperature. By characterizing the weak antilocalization in BSTS under a variety of angles and the use of very thin akes, it is likely that surface states are observed.
A robust MIMO terminal sliding mode control scheme for rigid robotic manipulators

In this paper, a robust multi-input/multi-output (MIMO) terminal sliding mode control technique is developed for n-link rigid robotic manipulators. It is shown that an MIMO terminal switching plane variable vector is first defined, and the relationship between the terminal switching plane variable vector and system error dynamics is established. By using the MIMO terminal sliding mode technique and a few structural properties of rigid robotic manipulators, a robust controller can then be designed so that the output tracking error can converge to zero in a finite time, and strong robustness with respect to large uncertain dynamics can be guaranteed. It is also shown that the high gain of the terminal sliding mode controllers can be significantly reduced with respect to the one of the linear sliding mode controller where the sampling interval is nonzero. >
Reconstruction of the spin state

An ensemble of spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ particles is observed repeatedly using Stern-Gerlach devices with varying orientations. Synthesis of such noncommuting observables is analyzed using the maximum likelihood estimation as an example of quantum-state reconstruction. Repeated incompatible observations represents a new generalized measurement. This idealized scheme will serve for analysis of future experiments in neutron and quantum optics.
The Managerial and Economic Effects of Celebrity Endorsement on Consumer Purchasing Intentions

Despite the fact that celebrity endorsement brings up some risks, it has been used quite extensively in the present era and it is a method to reach competitive advantage by companies. The economic effects for companies are obvious. This study focuses on examining the relationship between a set of variables (gender, credibility, attractiveness, type, multiple endorsements and multiple product endorsement) that were identified during the literature review as characteristics of the TV advertisings and consumers purchasing intentions. A questionnaire survey was applied. This study is based on a sample of 285 young respondents. Respondents answered two sets of questions after viewing an advertisement of a specific product featuring one or more endorsers. A quantitative approach has been adopted to investigate the relationship between the purchase intentions and the perceptions of the six characteristics of celebrity endorsement mentioned above. Results revealed that all the characteristics of celebrity endorsement analyzed had a positive impact in consumers purchasing intentions, however some of them were quite low. This study has an approach with relevant consequences for companies, either economic or managerial, bringing room to analyze and to discuss the related coming up managerial implications.
The breaking and remaking of a bond: Caging of I2 in solid Kr

The caging of I2 in solid Kr is followed in real‐time following its dissociative excitation on the A(3Π1u) surface. The experiments involve pump–probe measurements with a time resolution of ≥150 fs. The experimental signals are reproduced using classical molecular dynamics simulations, and the classical Franck approximation. The comparison between experiment and simulation allows an unambiguous interpretation of features in the observed signal as being due to the initial impulsive stretch of the I–I bond, collision of the atoms with the cage wall, recoil and recombination, and the subsequent coherent oscillations of the nascent I2 molecule. These detailed observations are possible due to retention of coherence along the I–I coordinate throughout the caging process. The extent of coherence is dictated mainly by the initial impact parameters of the molecule‐cage collision, which in turn is controlled by the thermal and zero‐point amplitudes of lattice vibrations. The caging is well‐described as a sudden pro.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATED 3 D / 4 D AS-BUILT MODEL GENERATION SYSTEM FOR CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS MONITORING AND QUALITY CONTROL

Automating the progress monitoring and control process is of great interest to industry practitioners to help improve the limitations associated with the current manual data collection and analysis practices. Two remote sensing technologies, namely, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and digital camera, are widely used to acquire 3D point clouds as a means of measuring the “scope of the work performed” of structural elements. However, to assign the collected 3D point clouds to their corresponding structural element, current object-based recognition models use the as-planned 4D model, which may not be reliable in cases where the locations of the as-built structure differ from those of the planned, and/or the planned 4D model is not available with sufficient detail. Here, a novel method is proposed to eliminate the dependency on the as-planned data by automatically generating the 3D/4D asbuilt model through a robust Principal Component Analysis-based (PCA) segmentation algorithm. The proposed system is also independent of the technology used to capture the 3D point clouds. To evaluate the reliability of the proposed automated as-built model generation procedure, two sets of LiDAR data from the "Mechanics of Materials" laboratory and the "Graduate Student Hall of Residence" construction site at the University of Calgary were collected. A novel method of automated registration of the as-built model to the planned model coordinate system is also proposed through which the compliance of the planned vs. actual dimensions of corresponding structural elements are examined. The results of the two experiments demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methods for the automatic generation of the 3D/4D as-built model and the dimension compliance control of structural elements.
Search for signal emission from unresolved point sources with the ANTARES neutrino telescope

We use an autocorrelation analysis to look for inhomogeneities in the arrival directions of the high energy muon neutrino candidates detected by the ANTARES neutrino telescope. This approach is complementary to a point source likelihood-based search, which is mainly sensitive to one bright point like source and not to collective effects. We present the results of a search based on this two-point correlation method, providing constraints on models of a population of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) too faint to be detected by the likelihood-based method.
Demand Spillovers, Combative Advertising, and Celebrity Endorsements

This paper studies the economic effects of endorsements. In the publishing sector, endorsements are found to be a business stealing form of advertising that raises title level sales without expanding the market size. If anything, the endorsements decrease aggregate adult fiction sales. This might be a result of the endorsed books being more difficult than those that otherwise would have been purchased. Economically meaningful sales increases are also found for nonendorsed titles written by endorsed authors. This spillover demand demonstrates the broad range of benefits of advertising for firms operating in a multiproduct brand setting.
A GARCH analysis of dark-pool trades

The ability to trade in dark-pools without publicly announcing trading orders, concerns regulators and market participants alike. This paper analyzes the information contribution of dark trades to the intraday volatility process. The analysis is conducted by performing a GARCH estimation framework where errors follow the generalized error distribution (GED) and two different proxies for dark trading activity are separately included in the volatility equation. Results indicate that dark trades convey important information on the intraday volatility process. Furthermore, the results highlight the superiority of the proportion of dark trades relative to the proportion of dark volume in affecting the one-step-ahead density forecast
Pharmacologyonline 2 : 11-19 ( 2007 ) Rosangkima and Prasad 11 CHANGES IN ENDOGENOUS GLUTATHIONE LEVEL ASSOCIATED WITH THE ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF THE STEM BARK EXTRACT OF DILLENIA PENTAGYNA AGAINST MURINE ASCITES DALTON ’ S LYMPHOMA

D. pentagyna is a herbal plant which is most commonly used as traditional herbal medicine in cancer suspected cases by the Mizo tribe in Mizoram state, India. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the changes in the levels of glutathione and its related enzymes in tumor cells and other tissues of the host so as to explore their possible role in its antitumor activity. Treatment of ascites Dalton’s lymphoma-bearing mice with methanol extract of Dillenia pentagyna at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight showed antitumor potential. Plant extract treatment causes an increase in the level of glutathione in kidney, spleen and testes while a significant decrease was found in liver and Dalton’s lymphoma (DL) cells. The assay of glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities in Dalton’s lymphoma cells showed that the treatment caused an increase in GST activity and a decrease in GR activity. It is proposed that the decreased level of GSH may partially be due to decreased GR activity in Dalton’s lymphoma cells, and may contribute to the antitumor potential of Dillenia pentagyna. However, other contributory steps may also be involved in the antitumor activity of D. pentagyna and further investigation is needed in this direction.
A study of the orbits of the logarithmic potential for galaxies

The logarithmic potential is of great interest and relevance in the study of the dynamics of galaxies. Some small corrections to the work of Contopoulos & Seimenis who used the method of Prendergast to find periodic orbits and bifurcations within such a potential are presented. The solution of the orbital radial equation for the purely radial logarithmic potential is then considered using the precessing ellipse (p-ellipse) method pioneered by Struck. This differential orbital equation is a special case of the generalized Burgers equation. The apsidal angle is also determined, both numerically and analytically by means of the LambertW and the polylogarithmic functions. The use of these functions in computing the gravitational lensing produced by logarithmic potentials is discussed.
Application of Gap Model in the Researches of Hotel Services Quality

This work presents the research results of the hotel services quality by applying Gap model and SERVQUAL questionnaire. The research was conducted in five health spa centers in the West Morava river valley region during August and September 2008. The reach is aimed at testing of Gap model, i.e. identification of exceptions when the hotel services quality in the observed sample is concerned.
Enhancing Practicum Supervision with Asynchronous and Synchronous Technologies.

Three video/web conferencing technologies (Pocket Camcorder, Skype, Adobe Connect) were used in regional schools in Australia to determine whether the technologies are appropriate for the needs of the university supervisor, trainee teachers and supervising teachers with regard to practicum teaching placements. Findings revealed that Pocket Camcorders gave good video quality and were very portable but had constraints of limited field of vision and poor sound quality. Skype and Adobe Connect are cross platform, offered good audio and video resolution and were the most appropriate technologies. However supervisors and users need to be aware of limitations. Implications are drawn for professional experience and pedagogy.