Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Intelligent Technique for Prevention of Hydrogen Explosion in Nuclear Power Plants

Nuclear Power Plants are responsible for producing around 11% of the world’s electricity and thus, are an essential part of electricity generation worldwide. Despite such importance, large number of severe accidents have been recorded in such reactors in past highlighting our inability to attain precise control over the processes involved in nuclear power harnessing. When the hydrogen concentration in the reactor vessel of the nuclear power plant increases above 4% in atmospheric pressure, it might set course for a hydrogen explosion in such reactors. Hence, it is highly essential to maintain the hydrogen concentration below the 4% limit inside the nuclear reactors. This paper, presents an intelligent approach for prediction, control and maintenance of hydrogen concentration inside the nuclear power generating stations by employing fuzzy inference systems (FIS) trained through ANFIS for such purpose. The developed fuzzy inference system was framed into a Fuzzy Logic Controller which is able to control and maintain the hydrogen concentration in nuclear reactors under severe accident scenarios.
Caracterização morfoanatômica de plântulas de Gomphrena elegans Mart. (Amaranthaceae)

Aiming to describe seedlings’ morphology and cotyledons and eophylls anatomy of Gomphrena elegans Mart. , 100 seeds were put into plastic bags, with sand and fertilized soil (1:3), kept in the greenhouse under room conditions, with 50% shady and watered daily. Cotyledonous petiole and limb and seedlings eophylls were sectioned in median and border. They were then analyzed in transversal and paradermic sections. Seedlings initial morphology is epigeal-foliar, the root is axial, and hypocotyls and epicotyl are reddish. Venation is of pinnate type, camptodrome and brochidrodome in cotyledons and eophylls. Petiole and leaf show uniseriated epidermis with cells of varied sizes and anomocytic stomata. Druses of calcium oxalate occurred in leaves and petiole. Dorsiventral mesophyll shows one palisade parenchyma layer and several lacunary ones.
Constraints on the Abundances of Carbon and Silicon in Mercury's Core From Experiments in the Fe‐Si‐C System

The composition of a planet's core has important implications for the thermal and magmatic evolution of that planet. Here, we conducted carbon (C) solubility experiments on iron‐silicon (Fe‐Si) metal mixtures (up to 35 wt% [~52 atom%] Si) at 1 GPa and 800–1800°C to determine the carbon concentration at graphite saturation (CCGS) in metallic melt and crystalline metal with varying proportions of Fe and Si to constrain the C content of Mercury's core. Our results, combined with those in the literature, show that composition is the major controlling factor for carbon solubility in Fe‐rich metal with minimal effects from temperature and pressure. Moreover, there is a strong anticorrelation between the abundances of carbon and silicon in iron‐rich metallic systems. Based on the previous estimates of <1–25 wt% Si in Mercury's core, our results indicate that a carbon‐saturated Mercurian core has 0.5–6.4 wt% C, with 6.4 wt% C corresponding to an Si‐free, Fe core and 0.5 wt% C corresponding to an Fe‐rich core with 25 wt% Si. The upper end of estimated FeO abundances in the mantle (up to 2.2 wt%) are consistent with a core that has <1 wt% Si and up to 6.4 wt% C, which would imply that bulk Mercury has a superchondritic Fe/Si ratio. However, the lower end of estimated FeO (≤0.05 wt%) supports CB chondrite‐like bulk compositions of Mercury with core Si abundances in the range of 5–18.5 wt% and C abundances in the range of 0.8–4.0 wt%.
Identification and characterization of circular RNAs regulating genes responsible for drought stress tolerance in chickpea and soybean

With the development of efficient algorithms, it has become feasible to unravel complex drought stress tolerance mechanism in leguminous crops. Even though the role of coding genes in drought stress tolerance mechanism is known to certain extent, the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) like circular RNAs (circRNAs) is unknown in leguminous crops like chickpea and soybean. Hence, a study has been taken up to predict the circular RNAs from the transcriptomes of chickpea and soybean and to study the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactions thereby identify the endogenous target mimics (eTMs). The in silico results revealed the presence of circRNAs in both the crop transcriptomes and their differential expressions under drought stress and control conditions. Besides, our findings showed three predicted eTMs where circRNAs acted as sponge for miRNAs that target genes like Glyma.18G065200. 1 in soybean and XM_004517122, XM_027336693 in chickpea. The targeted genes are involved in various drought stress responsive mechanism through their activities in hormone signal transduction, response to stress, response to auxin and transcription factor activity.
Input-quality Upgrading from Trade Liberalization on Firm Productivity: Evidence from Ethiopian Manufacturing Firms

Using a panel of firms in Ethiopian manufacturing covering the period 2000–2016, this paper investigates the impact of input trade liberalization on firms’ input quality-upgrading and productivity. We estimate quality of imported-input and firm level productivity; then we estimate the effect of input tariff cut on input quality and firms’ productivity. We find a result that a reduced input tariff is associated with firms’ input quality upgrading and further with firms’ productivity. The effect of tariff cut is more pronounced for input importing firms and our result implies that the effect of input tariff cut benefit firms import input more intensively than others. Hence, further input trade liberalization measures should be designed to help key strategic industries of which their productivity is a basis for further enhance production capacity of an economy.
INFLUENCE OF IRRADIANCE ON CELL VOLUME AND CARBON QUOTA FOR TEN SPECIES OF MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON 1

Ten species of marine phytoplankton were grown under a range of photosynthetic photon flux densities (PFDs) and examined for variation in cell volume and carbon quota. Results suggest that in response to low PFDs phytoplankton generally reduce their cell volume and frequently reduce their carbon quota. A significant linear relationship between the log of PFD (I) and cell volume (in nine of ten species) and log I and carbon quota (four of ten species) was demonstrated.
Influence of sulfur and phosphorus placement, and sulfur particle size, on elemental sulfur oxidation and the growth response of maize (Zea mays)

The oxidation rate of elemental sulfur (S) can be manipulated by a number of controllable factors to match formation of sulfate to plant demand. Two of these factors are particle size and the presence of adequate nutrients for the oxidising bacteria. A factorial experiment was conducted in a glasshouse consisting of 3 combinations of S and phosphorus (P) placements × 2 S particle sizes [ 35S-labelled 50–150 µm (fine sulfur, Sf) and 150–250 µm (coarse sulfur, Sc)] × 2 harvesting times of maize (Zea mays) (28 and 56 days). In the 3 fertiliser placement treatments, all of the S was evenly mixed with the soil in the front compartment of a split-root box. The treatments differed in the placement of the P fertiliser: (i) all of the P was applied in the front compartment with the S (SPF); (ii) the P was applied evenly throughout the soil in both compartments (SPFB); and (iii) all of the P was applied in the back compartment (SPB). A high P- and S-sorbing basaltic soil (Haplohumult) from Walcha, New South Wales, was used in the split-root boxes. Plant dry weight and fertiliser S uptake were increased when P was mixed with elemental S. Elemental S oxidation after 28 days was higher when mixed with P than when separated from P, and higher with Sf than with Sc. Root proliferation occurred in direct response to the placement of P. There were significant linear relationships between the amount of applied P in the front compartment and root length and root surface area of the front compartment roots. This study shows that the increase in S uptake by the plant from elemental S when it was mixed with P was due to the combined effect of P on elemental S oxidation and on root proliferation.
Validity and Reliability of Emergency Severity Index and Conventional Three-Tier Triage System in the Emergency Department, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

Background The study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the existing three-tier triaging system and a new five-level emergency triaging system, emergency severity index (ESI), in the Emergency Department (ED) of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). Methods This study was conducted in HUSM’s ED over two study periods. In the first three months, 300 patients were triaged under the three-tier triaging system, and, in the subsequent three months, 280 patients were triaged under the ESI. The patients were triaged by junior paramedics and the triage records were retained and later re-triaged by senior paramedics. The inter-rater reliability was evaluated using Cohen's Kappa statistics. The acuity ratings of the junior paramedics were compared with those of the expert panel to determine the sensitivity and specificity of each acuity level for both the ESI and the three-tier triaging system. The over-triage rate, under-triage rate, amount of resources used, admission rate and discharge rate were also determined. Results The inter-rater agreement for the three-tier triaging system was 0.81 while that of the ESI was 0.75. The ESI had a higher average sensitivity of 74.3% and a specificity of 94.4% while the three-tier system’s average sensitivity was 68.5% and its specificity 87.0%. The average under-triage and over-triage rates for the ESI were 10.7% and 6.2%, respectively, which were lower than the three-tier system’s average under-triage rate of 13.1% and over-triage rate of 17.1%. The urgency levels of both the ESI and the three-tier system were associated with increased admission rates and resources used in the ED. Conclusion The ESI’s inter-rater reliability was comparable to the three-tier triaging system and it demonstrated better validity than the existing three-tier system.
Disentangling plant and soil microbial controls on carbon and nitrogen loss in grassland mesocosms

It is well known that plant–soil interactions play an important role in determining the impact of global change phenomena on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Little is known, however, about the individual and relative importance for carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling of non‐random changes in plant and soil communities that result from global change phenomena, such as fertilization and agricultural intensification. We set up a field‐based mesocosm experiment in which we re‐inoculated soil with contrasting microbial communities taken from extensively managed and from intensively managed grasslands. In a full‐factorial design, we subsequently established plant communities representative of intensively and extensively managed grasslands and imposed a fertilization treatment. We then measured plant biomass and diversity, and leaching of C and N as key measures of C and N loss. We hypothesized that non‐random changes in both microbial and plant communities would impact C and N leaching, but via different mechanisms. We predicted that plant communities representative of extensively managed grassland would reduce C and N leaching directly through increased water or N uptake, or indirectly via promoting microbial communities that immobilize C and N, whereas plant communities of intensively managed grassland would have the opposite effect. We also hypothesized that microbial communities of extensively managed grassland would feed back positively to plant diversity and that ‘matching’ plant and microbial communities would reduce C and N leaching. We found that both plant and microbial communities from extensively managed grassland reduced C and N leaching, especially when ‘matched’. Plant community effects on C and N leaching operated directly through root C inputs and N uptake, rather than through changes in soil microbial communities. In contrast, microbial communities modified C and N leaching both directly by immobilization and indirectly through modifying plant community composition. Synthesis. Our results show that changes in plant and microbial communities both individually and interactively modify C and N loss from grasslands. Moreover, our results suggest that soil microbial communities typical of extensively managed grassland might counteract, or delay, the negative consequences of fertilization on plant diversity and ecosystem functioning.
Tadpoles of Two Species in the Hyla polytaenia Species Group and Comparison with Other Tadpoles of Hyla polytaenia and Hyla pulchella Groups (Anura, Hylidae)

The Hyla polytaenia species group presently includes Hyla buriti, Hyla cipoensis, Hyla goiana, Hyla leptolineata, Hyla phaeopleura, Hyla polytaenia, and Hyla stenocephala and is characterized by small body size (males 25.637.6 mm, females 29.0-41.5 mm), elongated body, narrow head, dorsal longitudinal stripes, and no bars or blotches on anterior or posterior faces of thighs and inguinal region (Cruz and Caramaschi, 1998; Caramaschi and Cruz, 1999, 2000). Hyla leptolineata was previously considered to be related to Hyla guentheri (Braun and Braun, 1977), but was included in the H. polytaenia group by Frost (2000). Hyla caingua was included in the H. polytaenia group in the original description (Carrizo, 1990) but was not included in this group by Cruz and Caramaschi (1998). Both H. caingua and H. guentheri are associated with Hyla pulchella and related species, which constitute a group close to the H. polytaenia species group (Cruz and Caramaschi, 1998; Frost, 2000). The H. pulchella species group is characterized by hypertrophied forelimbs and projecting prepollical spines in adult males and generalized, stream-adapted tadpoles (Duellman et al., 1997). These characters are shared by frogs in the Hyla cir-
Development of the general design of the industrial energy complex with CNFC

The article discusses the technological and project aspects of the closure of the nuclear fuel cycle of fast neutron reactors on the example of the conceptual design of the industrial power complex. The advantages of using combined SNF processing technology are noted. The advantages of creating a universal production of nuclear fuel for fast neutron reactors of different configurations are given. Hypothetical sites for the production of closed nuclear fuel cycle are considered.
Effect of binder type and concentration on prepared feed stability, feed ingestion and digestibility of Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock diets

The effect of six different binding agents (agar, sodium alginate, cassava starch, gelatin, wheat gluten and kelp meal) in two concentrations (30 g kg−1 and 50 g kg−1) were evaluated with respect to physical quality of Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock pelleted feed, after 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min of water immersion. The best treatments in terms of water stability, water absorption and protein leaching were obtained with sodium alginate and wheat gluten at 50 g kg−1. In a second experiment, the feed ingestion and diet digestibility with these two binders and their combination (1 : 1) were compared against a control diet containing 50 g kg−1 wheat flour. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the daily feed ingestion rate 2.39–3.33% of the biomass. The most representative values of apparent digestibility of protein (ADP) and apparent dry matter digestibility (ADMD) were achieved with diets containing wheat gluten and alginate + gluten mixture as binder. Based on these results, combinations with 50 g kg−1 wheat gluten is recommended as binder in pelleted feed for broodstock L. vannamei.
Taxonomic studies on some human cutaneous coryneform bacteria: Description of Dermabacter hominis gen.nov., sp.nov.

Abstract Taxonomic studies were performed on some Gram-positive asporogeneous rod-shaped bacteria isolated from human skin. On the basis of biochemical and chemical characteristics the cutaneous strains differ from all taxa described to date. It is proposed that these organisms be classified in a new genus Dermabacter, as Dermabacter hominis gen.nov., sp.nov.
Compensatory frugivory in migratory Sylvia warblers: geographical responses to season length

Seasonal shifts in the diets of Garden Warblers Sylvia borin, Blackcaps S. atricapilla and Lesser Whitethroats S. curruca at a North German site were studied from samples obtained by flushing the digestive tract of the birds. The significance of seven species of berries and pulpy fruits in the diet of these species while feeding in riparian vegetation during the premigratory and migratory seasons was assessed and compared with the pattern of frugivory shown by the same species in southern Germany. Because of the short time span between hatching and onset of migration, first-year long- and medium-distance migratory Sylvia warblers from northern Europe are forced to accelerate their juvenile development. Presumably to meet the higher nutritional demands of an accelerated development, juvenile Garden Warblers and Blackcaps in northern Germany ate relatively more fruit during premigration than Blackcaps in southern Germany. Fruit occurred in about 90% of their diet samples during both premigration and migration. However, this might not hold true for experienced adult birds. Garden Warblers accelerated the rate of fattening and reduced the time needed to prepare for migration when feeding on a mixed fruit diet. There were indications that Blackcaps directly influenced the fruit choice of Garden Warblers when fruits preferred by both species were scarce. Blackcaps and Garden Warblers showed subtle differences in their seasonal preferences for black elder Sambucus nigra and woody nightshade Solanum dulcamara.
Holocene hydroclimatic variability in the Zanskar Valley, Northwestern Himalaya, India

Abstract A 1.3-m-long sediment core from the Penzi-la pass, Zanskar Valley, provides a record of hydroclimatic conditions and abrupt climate changes over short time scales since the mid-Holocene. These climatic changes of centennial time scale are crucial to understanding the hydroclimatic variability in northwestern (NW) Himalaya. Relatively higher δ13C values complemented by total organic carbon, loss on ignition, grain size parameters, and lower Rubidium/Strontium ratios during the Late Northgrippian imply that the area had a dry climate during the period from ~6200–4500 cal yr BP. Subsequently, a relatively stable hydroclimatic environment was experienced between ~4500 and 3400 cal yr BP. After ~3400 cal yr BP the multiproxy data show gradual strengthening of hydroclimatic conditions, however, this trend is interrupted by high-amplitude abrupt reversals (dry events) with a stepwise decreasing intensity at ~3300, 2600, 1700, and 400 cal yr BP. The two most important climatic events of the last millennia (i.e., Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age) were also recorded from the sedimentary archive. Overall, our data show a progressive increase in the moisture availability in the Zanskar Valley and are in agreement with the late Holocene climatic trends of central and western Himalaya.
Live Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) as a growth and immunity promoter for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), challenged with pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila

The use of antibiotics to control fish disease is one of the constraints in tilapia farming. Hence, the use of probiotic and live organisms as alternative strategies has received much more attention. This study was undertaken to evaluate the use of Spirulina (Arthrospir platensis) as a growth and immunity promoter for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Fish (1.88 g) were randomly distributed at 20 fish per 100 L aquarium and fed a diet containing either 0.0, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 or 10.0 g Spirulina kg−1 diet for 12 weeks. After the feeding trial, fish of each treatment were challenged by pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila, which was given by an interperitoneal injection, and they were kept under observation for 10 days to record any abnormal clinical signs and the daily mortality rate. The growth-promoting influence of Spirulina was observed with fish, and the optimum growth and feed utilization were obtained at 5.0 g Spirulina kg−1 diet. No significant changes were observed in fish survival among the different treatments. Spirulina supplementation improved the protein and lipid contents in fish bodies without significant differences among them, especially when fed 2.5–10.0 g kg−1 diet, but no significant differences in the moisture and ash contents were observed among different treatments. The physiological parameters were improved when fish were fed a Spirulina-enriched diet. However, the highest red blood cells, white blood cells and nitro blue tetrazolium values were obtained at 5.0–10.0 g Spirulina kg−1 diet; meanwhile, the lowest value was obtained in the control. Total fish mortality due to A. hydrophila infection decreased with an increase in the Spirulina level in fish diets. These results indicate that Spirulina supplement is promising as an alternative method to antibiotics for disease prevention in tilapia aquaculture, and the optimum level of Spirulina in the fish diet should be 5.0–10.0 g kg−1 diet.
Free-Hand Cervical Pedicle Screw Placement by Using Para-articular Minilaminotomy: Its Feasibility and Novice Neurosurgeons’ Experience

Study Design. : Retrospective study. Objective. : Cervical pedicle screw (CPS) placement is technically demanding because of the great variation in pedicle size, dimension, and angulations between cervical levels and patients and the lack of anatomical landmarks. This retrospective study was conducted to analyze novice neurosurgeons’ experience of CPS placement by using the technique with direct exposure of pedicle via para-articular minilaminotomy. Methods. : We retrospectively reviewed 78 CPSs in 22 consecutive patients performed by 2 surgeons. All pedicle screws were inserted under the direct visualization of the pedicle by using para-articular minilaminotomy without any fluoroscopic guidance. We analyzed the direction and grade of pedicle perforation on the postoperative computed tomography scan. The degree of perforation was classified as grade 0 to 3. Grades 0 and 1 were classified as the correct position and the others, as the incorrect position. Results. : In total, the correct position (grade 0 and 1) was found in 72 (92.3%) screws and the incorrect position (grade 2 and 3) in 6 (7.7%). Among the 16 pedicle perforations (grade 1, 2, and 3 perforations), the directions were lateral in 15 (93.8%) and superior in 1 (6.2%). There were no neurovascular complications related to CPS insertion. Conclusion. : Free-hand CPS placement by using para-articular minilaminotomy seems to be feasible and reproducible.
Reduced Starch Content and Sucrose Synthase Activity in Developing Endosperm of Barley Plants Grown at Elevated Temperatures

Starch accumulation is reduced when endosperms develop at elevated temperatures. Reduced starch deposition does not appear to be due to limiting assimilate levels during the grain filling period; on the contrary, endosperm sucrose may even be increased at the elevated temperature. Results indicate that elevated temperatures significantly reduce the activity of the sucrose cleavage enzyme UDPsucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13), found in the endosperm during grain development, and that these effects may be initiated by a relatively short period of thermal stress applied close to anthesis. It would appear that, when developing barley ears are exposed to elevated temperatures, there is an irreversible reduction in the capacity of the endosperm to convert sucrose to starch, caused by a decrease in the activity of at least one of the enzymes involved in this conversion pathway.