Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FILMED FROM BEST AVAILABLE COPY

This speech examines the role of change agents in third world societies and indicates that the change agent must, to some extent, manipulate the social situation, even if his view of society, is a more optimistic one than he finds in reality. If he considers strains and stresses to be the lubricants of change, then his focus on conflict as a mechanism of change comes more easily. Although in pursuing directed change a conflict model of society is considered theoretically more satisfying anO.practically more realistic, this model does not provide guidance in controlling or utilizing knowledge and skills (nor, actually, does the functionally integrated view of society). But it does provide a different view of the future than the functional model, a future always chaniing, societies always experiencing stresses, individuals always negotiating relationships. If in utopian terms this is an unpleasant view, it does instruct us practically to foster the growth of individuals and groups possessing those qualities that will ensure their survival. The ethics of the change agent as agent of conflict has its foundation here. (Author /KM) U S OEPARTMENT OF HEALTH EOUCATIUPI *WARE OFFICE OF EOUCATION DOCL,N,Fh' HAS SEEN MEP DUCED EXAC LT AS AECE,VED FROM THE PERSON OFE ORGANIZATION ORIG NA AG PUNTS Ot vIEW JR OPNi CIS STATFD DO NOT NECESSARIL REPRESENT OrriCIAL OFF CF oF EMI CAT ON POSIT TA OR 0-ot. , preliinary draft THE AGENT OF CH,NGE: THE AGENT OF CONFLICT. FILMED FROM BEST AVAILABLE COPY C. a. HItfield, Jr.' Assistant ProfessOi Anthropology University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado 80302 U. S. A. Prepared for presentation At So, inar 10 of the Third 11orld Congress, for Rural Sociology, Louisiana 3t-itc University, Baton Role, Louisliana
New Goods and Rising Skill Premium: A Theoretical Investigation

This paper examines the effects of new goods on the relative wages of skilled-labor and trade patterns in a two-cone Heckscher-Ohlin model and shows that: (i) new goods can be a valid theoretical explanation for the rising skill premium in the U.S. (ii) new goods have both domestic and international factor market effects, and their interplay determines the outcome and gives rise to surprising results; (iii) new goods that are “friendly” to the abundant (scarce) factors move the relative factor prices in the direction of convergence (divergence). The setup is general in the goods dimension so that the introduction of new goods is completely unrestricted, and the results apply to any one or any combination of the relative demand shocks for skilled labor. The results also apply when non-tradable goods are present.
Secure Keyword Search Using Dual Encryption in Cloud : An Approach

This paper deals with the secure searching, storage and retrieval of user data in the cloud system. Various services of cloud, security issues and security requirements of cloud data are discussed. We have used fuzzy keyword searching scheme to search and retrieve the encrypted file by employing wildcard technique. We present a new approach of dual encryption system based on authentication of the server to provide stronger security to the existing fuzzy keyword searching schemes. We have integrated symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms to enhance data security. This work mainly focuses on authentication of the server so as to improve the security system and protect sensitive user’s data from unauthorized disclosure.
A 434-year tree-ring chronology of spruce (Picea abies) with indications of Estonian precipitation

In this study, an Estonian tree-ring network of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H.Karst. ), originating from both living trees and dead wood of construction wood, was used for determining the growth variations over the past 350 years (AD 1657–2009). Regional curve standardization was used to remove the non-climatic growth variations from the individual tree-ring series prior to dendroclimatic analyses to focus on the low-frequency (long-term and -period) growth variations. Previously, the chronology has been shown to correlate markedly well with Estonian precipitation history. Here we further detail this dendroclimatic connection. Correlations between the Estonian precipitation and treerings improved systematically with both the number of meteorological stations included and with the documented technical advances in the network of instrumental weather observations. The observed June precipiation explains roughly 20 percent of the tree-ring variance over the period when the network of weather observations is densest (1946–2009). On decadal and longer scales, the June precipitation explains higher portion of treering variance, roughly 50 percent, over the full instrumental era (1866–2009). Comparison with previously published and similarly standardized tree-ring chronology from south-eastern Finland, based on Scots pine tree-rings, showed that the two chronologies exhibit several coinciding periods of ameliorated and deteri-
A systematic review on data security and patient privacy issues in electronic medical records

The adoption of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) in healthcare organizations has numerous benefits to physicians, patients, and healthcare services. However, unresolved security and privacy concerns pertaining to patient information cause relatively low adoption of EMR by health institutions. Safeguarding large amount of sensitive health data at different locations and forms proves to be a major challenge of EMR. In this paper, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is presented to (1) identify the security and privacy concerns in the adoption of EMR by health organizations and (2) to analyze the existing solutions in addressing the identified concerns. A total of 393 papers were found in this regard. After careful study and the removal of duplicate papers and screening of studies, 15 papers which met the inclusion criteria were selected for the review. This review will help researchers to be aware of the privacy and security concerns of EMR and the existing solutions. The review revealed that the security and privacy issues related to EMR are inadequately addressed. This study indicates that the technical and financial supports are insufficient to overcome the security issues of EMR, and thus, the success factors and security culture should be investigated. Developing countries meet many challenges in adopting EMR, especially due to the lack of security policy and background infrastructure. Hence, novel solutions such as best practice guidelines with respect to security and privacy are necessary to aid successfully adoption EMR.
Pulmonary , microbiological and hematological changes in Crotalus durissus terrificus ( Serpentes , Viperidae ) parasitized by nematodes of the genus Rhabdias ( Nematoda , Rhabdiasidae )

This study reported the pulmonary, microbiological, and hematological alterations in Crotalus durissus terrificus parasitized by nematodes of the genus Rhabdias. Histological, microbiological, and hematological analysis were performed on parasitized (n=6) and non-parasitized (n=6) snakes. Granulocytic and mononuclear cell infiltrates in the pulmonary parenchyma and epithelium were also observed during the histological analysis of parasitized snakes. Microbiological analysis of parasitized animals revealed the following Gram-negative bacteria: Citrobacter divergens, Burkholderia cepacia, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter sakazakii, Enterobacter ammnigenus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pantoea sp. and Providencia rettgeri. In non-parasitized snakes, the following species were identified: B. cepacia, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Acinetobacter baumanii. Increased levels of plasmatic protein, decreased lymphocyte counts, and normal red blood cell values were observed in parasitized animals.
Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles as Novel Tool in Glioma Treatment: An In vitro Study

The interaction between cancer cells and the stromal microenvironment is an important aspect in tumor progression and reflects a big challenge especially in context of an efficient treatment of brain tumors such as gliomas. An intensive crosstalk between glioma cells and stromal cells such as endothelial cells inter alia being part of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) often results in the occurrence of a relapse and poor prognosis. A complete resection of gliomas which are characterized by a high proliferation rate and invasiveness as well as extensive vascularization is not possible until yet and a post-operative care with existing therapies is crucial and often not as successful as expected. In that context, redox-active nanoparticles such as cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNP) are a promising tool and may solve some treatment problems closely associated with brain tumors. In this study, CNP have a cytotoxic effect on anaplastic astrocytoma (grade III glioma) cells while the same concentration shows no cytotoxicity on microvascular endothelial cells used as stromal cell model. However, the migration capacity of endothelial cells, their invasiveness and the formation of new blood capillaries is lowered as well as the expression and/or secretion of the angiogenesis marker EMMPRIN, being a positive aspect in anticancer therapies. These data are a first indication that CNP may have potential for an application in a therapy against malignant gliomas (grade III and IV glioma).
Running head: PALATABILITY AND MASKING OF LPV/R The Palatability FDTs Containing LPV/r and Their Ability to be Masked by Sucrose

The purpose of this study was to determine if the bitterness of freeze dried tablets (FDT) containing lopinavir and ritonavir (LPV/r) could be masked by sucrose in order to be less aversive. We matched the bitterness of the four concentrations of FDT containing LPV/r to three concentrations of quinine hydrochloride (Q-HCl) and then combined these chemical stimuli with two concentrations of sucrose in order to examine if the bitterness of FDT could be masked. Rats were exposed to behavioral testing in order to measure if the bitterness of the solution had an effect on licking patterns. As hypothesized, results showed that sucrose at 750 mM effectively masked the bitterness of the Q-HCl stimulus for all solutions. However, the addition of sucrose to FDT containing LPV/r showed no effect on oromotor responses. There were no significant effects of any stimulus on the latency to approach and lick the spout. Matching averse concentrations of FDT and Q-HCl differed significantly on their ability to be masked by sucrose, therefore we conclude that there is an additional negative hedonic stimulus associated with FDT containing LPV/r beyond its aversive bitter taste that sucrose could not mask.
Detecting horizontal and vertical urban growth from medium resolution imagery and its relationships with major socioeconomic factors

ABSTRACT Urban growth consists of horizontal and vertical expansions. An integrative framework for estimating horizontal and vertical expansions of city urban areas using Landsat images was presented. It includes following steps: (1) a spectrum-based classifier (here Support Vector Machine) is first used to preclassify Landsat images; (2) the spectral similarity-enhanced Markov chain random field cosimulation model is then applied to postclassify the preclassified images and detect building shadows; and (3) a morphological operator based on spatial logic reasoning is used to estimate mid-rise or taller buildings (MTBs) from detected shadows. Both horizontal urban growth and vertical urban growth in the main city area of Guangzhou for the time period of 1993–2013 were detected. The accuracy of identified MTBs by shadows was validated to be 78.1% on average for 2013. The case study indicates that Guangzhou had undergone both horizontal and vertical urban growth from 1993 to 2013, and vertical urban growth followed horizontal urban growth successively. The relationships between the horizontal and vertical urban growth and three major socioeconomic factors during the studied period were analysed. Results indicate that both the total area of built-up areas and the total area of detected MTBs are significantly correlated with population density, real gross domestic product, and fixed investment (i.e. investment in fixed assets such as land, buildings), respectively. While population density is the major driving force of horizontal urban expansion, fixed investment is the major driving force of vertical urban expansion for the city as a whole. Although the method is not perfect currently in detecting MTBs in various situations and the case study is mainly exploratory, the proposed framework and the case study can be helpful in quantitatively exploring the horizontal urban growth and vertical urban growth of a city and their causes.
Decentralized nonparametric multiple testing

ABSTRACT Consider a big data multiple testing task, where, due to storage and computational bottlenecks, one is given a very large collection of p-values by splitting into manageable chunks and distributing over thousands of computer nodes. This paper is concerned with the following question: How can we find the full data multiple testing solution by operating completely independently on individual machines in parallel, without any data exchange between nodes? This version of the problem tends naturally to arise in a wide range of data-intensive science and industry applications whose methodological solution has not appeared in the literature to date; therefore, we feel it is necessary to undertake such analysis. Based on the nonparametric functional statistical viewpoint of large-scale inference, started in Mukhopadhyay, S. [(2016), ‘Large Scale Signal Detection: A Unifying View’, Biometrics, 72, 325–334], this paper furnishes a new computing model that brings unexpected simplicity to the design of the algorithm which might otherwise seem daunting using classical approach and notations.
Bioprinting of osteochondral tissues: A perspective on current gaps and future trends

Osteochondral tissue regeneration has remained a critical challenge in orthopaedic surgery, especially due to complications of arthritic degeneration arising out of mechanical dislocations of joints. The common gold standard of autografting has several limitations in presenting tissue engineering strategies to solve the unmet clinical need. However, due to the complexity of joint anatomy, and tissue heterogeneity at the interface, the conventional tissue engineering strategies have certain limitations. The advent of bioprinting has now provided new opportunities for osteochondral tissue engineering. Bioprinting can uniquely mimic the heterogeneous cellular composition and anisotropic extra-cellular matrix (ECM) organization, while allowing for targeted gene delivery to achieve heterotypic differentiation. In this perspective, we discuss the current advances made towards bioprinting of composite osteochondral tissues and present an account of challenges—in terms of tissue integration, long-term survival, and mechanical strength at the time of implantation—required to be addressed for effective clinical translation of bioprinted tissues. Finally, we highlight some of the future trends related to osteochondral bioprinting with the hope of in-clinical translation.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF ALMOND CULTIVARS UNDER IN VITRO DROUGHT STRESS

In this study, physiological and morphological responses of five almond cultivars to drought stress were investigated under in vitro conditions. Plantlets from five commercial almond cultivars (Supernova’, ‘Tuono’, ‘Sahand’, ‘Ferragnes ’ and ‘Shahroud 21’] were established in MS medium containing 0.5 mg per liter BAP and then subcultured in MS proliferation medium containing 1 mg per liter BAP. Plantlets were exposed to four different levels of polyethylene glycol containing 0, 2, 4 and 6 percent, respectively, which is equivalent to 0, -0.14,-0.36 and -0.66 bar of water potential as drought stress levels during four weeks. This study was carried out as a two-factor factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications, each consisting of two jars, each contained two explants. At the end of the stress period, physiological indicators of stress, including leaf relative water content (RWC), proline content and ion leakage of leaves and morphological indicators, including plantlet height and number of developed leaves, were measured. The results showed that drought stress increased ion leakage and proline content, while it reduced the RWC, plantlet height and number of developed leaves. According to these results, ‘Supernova’ and ‘Tuono’ were less affected by drought stress compared to other cultivars, while ‘Shahroud 21’ and ‘Ferragnes’ were more affected than others. ‘Sahand’ also showed an intermediate performance compared to other cultivars.
The effects of direct and indirect speech on discourse comprehension in Dutch listeners with and without aphasia

Background: Research on language comprehension in aphasia has primarily focused on comprehension of isolated words and sentences. Even though previous studies have provided insights into comprehension abilities of individuals with aphasia at the word and grammatical level, our understanding of the nature and extent of their language comprehension (dis)abilities is not yet complete. In contrast to the highly restricted semantic and syntactic interpretation of sentences, discourse comprehension requires additional pragmatic and non-linguistic skills. Aims: The purpose of this study was to assess language comprehension in individuals with and without aphasia at the discourse level. In particular, it addressed the question of whether the use of direct speech, compared to indirect speech, affects comprehension of narrative discourse in Dutch aphasic and non-brain-damaged (NBD) listeners. Methods & Procedures: The Direct Speech Comprehension (DISCO) test was developed to examine the effects of manipulating direct vs. indirect speech on discourse comprehension. Twenty-three individuals with aphasia and 20 NBD participants were presented with spoken narratives that contained either direct or indirect speech reports. The narratives were presented audio-visually on an iPad, and comprehension was assessed with yes/no questions. Outcomes & Results: The performance of the participants with aphasia was significantly poorer than that of the NBD participants. Moreover, a main effect for condition type was found, indicating that narratives with direct speech reports were better understood than narratives with indirect speech reports by listeners with and without aphasia. There was no interaction between group and condition type indicating that this main effect held for both the aphasic and the NBD listeners. However, for the participants with aphasia, there was an interaction between condition and Token Test error score indicating that the positive effect of direct speech constructions diminishes for individuals with poorer comprehension. Conclusions: Direct speech constructions facilitate language comprehension in listeners with and without aphasia. One explanation for this finding is the occurrence of additional “layers” of communication, such as intonation and facial expression, often accompanying direct speech constructions. An alternative account is the degree of grammatical complexity: In Dutch, the syntactic construction of indirect speech requires embedding, whereas in direct speech the introductory sentence and the quote are both main clauses. The finding that the beneficial effect of direct speech on language comprehension diminishes for individuals with severe aphasia may indicate that the DISCO is too difficult for them to reveal an effect of a subtle manipulation such as that of condition type.
The Green Bank Ammonia Survey: First Results of NH3 Mapping of the Gould Belt

We present an overview of the first data release (DR1) and first-look science from the Green Bank Ammonia Survey (GAS). GAS is a Large Program at the Green Bank Telescope to map all Gould Belt star-forming regions with mag visible from the northern hemisphere in emission from NH3 and other key molecular tracers. This first release includes the data for four regions in the Gould Belt clouds: B18 in Taurus, NGC 1333 in Perseus, L1688 in Ophiuchus, and Orion A North in Orion. We compare the NH3 emission to dust continuum emission from Herschel and find that the two tracers correspond closely. We find that NH3 is present in over 60% of the lines of sight with mag in three of the four DR1 regions, in agreement with expectations from previous observations. The sole exception is B18, where NH3 is detected toward ∼40% of the lines of sight with mag. Moreover, we find that the NH3 emission is generally extended beyond the typical 0.1 pc length scales of dense cores. We produce maps of the gas kinematics, temperature, and NH3 column densities through forward modeling of the hyperfine structure of the NH3 (1, 1) and (2, 2) lines. We show that the NH3 velocity dispersion, , and gas kinetic temperature, TK, vary systematically between the regions included in this release, with an increase in both the mean value and the spread of and TK with increasing star formation activity. The data presented in this paper are publicly available (https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataverse/GAS_DR1).
Dynamics of shallow reverse faulting in 2 D

A number of authors have recently simulated shallow reverse and normal faulting. Oglesby et al (1997, 2000) have in particular noticed that the effects of the free surface on strong motion and rupture are much more important than previously thought. They attributed these effects to a “break in symmetry” due to the local stress field near the surface. Brune and colleagues (Brune and Anooshepor, 1998; Shi et al, 1998) have carried a set of experiments on a foam rubber model of a reverse fault and modelled it using a 2D lattice model. They found, among other things, that ruptures in the foam rubber model tended to produce an opening of the fault near the surface of the foam rubber specimen. This opening completely releases compressive strains reducing friction and producing non-linear deformation of the hanging wall. Brune (personal communication, 2000) has also found that the moment release measured directly from the foam rubber experiment does not match the moment computed by traditional seismological methods. We have studied thrust faulting in a simple two dimensional in-plane fault model both in the static and kinematic approximations. For the static studies we used Okada’s results for a shear displacement discontinuity buried in a homogeneous half-space. We use this solutions in a Boundary Integral Equation Method (BIEM) similar to that developped by Fukuyama and Madariaga (1998) for elastodynamics in order to compute the static solution for faults loaded by different stress fields. The approach we use is inspired by a displacement discontinuity method proposed recently by Bonafede and Neri (2000). There is an older displacement discontinuity method in 2D proposed by Crouch (1977), but this author used the stress convention of rock mechanics so that some of the components of stress are reversed in sign. We demonstrate that, near the free surface, the plane stress field around the fault becomes one of plane stress. In plane stress the vertical and horizontal strains along the surface are related by xx = − + 2μ λ yy (1)