Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cancer Gene Therapy with Small Oligonucleotides

Current conventional treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy which can be used independently or sometimes, in combination. However, many of these treat‐ ment options are restricted to early stage tumours and even after surgery, there is still a high possibility of the tumour recurrence in these patients. In addition to the conventional treat‐ ments of cancer, there are also a number of relatively new therapies that include targeted cancer therapy, biological or immunotherapy and gene therapy. In contrast to conventional methods, these newly developed treatments can be more effective and have fewer side effects.
YACC meets C++

: The fundamçntal notion of attribute grammars lKnuth 1978] is that values are associated with the components of a grammar rule; these values may be computed by synthesízing the values of the left component from those of the right components, or inheritíng the values of the right components from those of the left component. The Yacc parser generator, in use for over 15 years, allows attributes to be synthesized; in fact, arbitrary segments of code can be executed as parsing takes place. For the last decade, Yacc has supported arbi-ftary data types as synthesized values and performed type-checking on these synthesized values. It is natural to think of this synthesis as associating a value of a particular type to a grammar symbol when a grammar rule deriving that symbol is recognized. Languages such as C++ support abstract data types that permit functions as well as values to be associated with objects of a given type. In this framework, it appears natural to extend the idea of computing a value at a grammar rule to that of defining a function at a rule. The definition of the
Parents’ Perceptions of Factors That Affect Successful Diabetes Management for Their Children

Objective. To learn which factors parents perceive to be most influential in determining successful type 1 diabetes management. Methods. A 4-stage mixed qualitative-quantitative method that consists of a series of focus groups, a survey, and in-depth interviews was used to ensure that parents generated, prioritized, and explained their own ideas. In each stage, parents offered a new level of insight into their perception of how children achieve good metabolic control while living as normal a life as possible. The survey responses were divided into statistically different ranks, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the results between subgroups. Results. A total of 149 parents participated in the formative qualitative phases, 799 families (66%) responded to the parent-generated survey, and 67 explanatory interviews were conducted. The families who responded to the survey had children of varied ages (mean: 11.9 years; SD: 4.44) and diabetes control (mean hemoglobin A1c: 8.22%; SD: 1.65); 84.1% of respondents were white, 12.3% were black, and 89% were privately insured. The 30 survey items were statistically discriminated into 8 ranks. The items cover a wide range of categories, including concrete ways of achieving better control, families’ or children’s traits that affect coping ability, actions of the health care team that support versus undermine families’ efforts, and the availability of community supports. No clear pattern emerged regarding 1 category that parents perceived to matter most. Conclusions. Clinicians can affect many of the factors that parents perceive to make a difference in whether they can successfully raise a resilient child in good diabetes control. Future research needs to determine whether health care teams that address the concerns that parents raised in this study are more effective in guiding children to cope well with diabetes, to incorporate healthier lifestyles, and ultimately to achieve better metabolic control.
An automated multi Scale Retinex with Color Restoration for image enhancement

The dynamic range of a camera is much lesser than that of human visual system. This causes images taken by the camera to look different from how the scene would have looked to a naked eye. Multi Scale Retinex with Color Restoration (MSRCR) algorithm enhances images taken under a wide range of nonlinear illumination conditions to the level that a user would have perceived it in real time. But there are parameters used in this enhancement method that are image dependent and have to be varied based on the images under consideration. In this paper we propose a completely automated approach for MSRCR by obtaining parameter values from the image being enhanced.
Virus pneumonia and its treatment with vitamin C.

IRUS PNEUMONIA (primary atypical pneumonia, non-specific pneumonitis, epidemic nonbacterial pneumonia, desseminated focal pneumonia, viral pneumonia) has been accepted as an entity and has been under observation in this country and abroad for the past twelve years. No bacteriological studies have confirmed the etiology of this disease other than by negative findings. The sputum shows the usual flora of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. In 1938, Reimann reported that a filterable infectious agent was recovered from the nasopharynx of one and from the blood of another out of a series of eight cases, but not sufficient evidence could be found to determine such as the causative factor. It must be closely allied to the virus causing influenza, because in the first twenty-four to thirty-six hours it is very commonly thought to be that type of infection. Horsfall and his co-workers at the Rockefeller Institute have cultured an organism, which they have designated Streptococcus MG, from a large percentage of their patients with primary atypical pneumonia. The exact role of this bacterium is not known, but it is seldom found except in persons ill of this disease. Since it is not present in all cases, it is not the primary cause, but only a characteristic secondary invader or associate. The disease also resembles psittacosis in many respects and since penicillin might be of value in such cases it is of great importance to establish the diagnosis quickly. The onset of this type of virus infection is always gradual. Like all virus diseases there is a wide variation of the prodromal symptoms. There might be none; there might be the classical generalized malaise. This disease is highly contagious, and our observations over a five-year period point to a definite incubation period of from five to fourteen days. We have also noted that the longer the incubation period the milder the infection: the shorter the incubation period the more severe is the infection. This must be interpreted in the first instance as either a mildly virulent organism or a high degree of resistance or immunity on the part of the host and in the second instance as a very virulent organism or no immunity at all on the part of the host. In some instances, however, the patient will have a slight attack with apparent recovery due either to good resistance against a weak virus or good response to treatment only to be followed in seven to ten days by a return of symptoms in a more severe form and producing a
An Attempt to Standardize Tests for Hearing

SEVERAL years ago a Sub-committee of this Section spent a good deal of time investigating the tests that are usually employed in the examination of deaf people, and in endeavouring to determine which were of most value. ' None of the methods usually employed for estimating the hearing power of an individual, for instance the tuning fork, conversational voice, whisper, acoumeter, appeared to be really satisfactory. They were all influenced by the relation -of the ear to the waves of sound, reflections from surrounding objects and interference by extraneous sounds. Moreover, it is difficult or impossible to maintain the same source of sound in different observations. About three years ago Major W. S. Tucker, who has kindly come here this afternoon, invited me to join him in trying to work out some better method of the estimation of the hearing capacity. Major Tucker, whose method of locating German guns by the sound of their firing had done so much to win the war, was desirous of estimating the hearing capacity of aeroplane listeners. We have together tried a good many different methods, and the apparatus we are showing to-day will need certain modifications to fit it for clinical use. It depends on the following principle: A wireless valve can be made to give out vibrations of any frequency; the current from the valve passes to a telephone and by means of a Wheatstone's bridge resistances are interposed until the sounds are no longer heard. Its advantages are: (1) That the test is but little affected by slight extraneous sounds; (2) that a pure sound of any frequency and intensity can be obtained; and (3) that the amount of energy set free by it can be determined. J. P. Minter, in the Physical Review of February, 1922, describes a similar method, and gives extensive -results but very few details of the apparatus used. As I am not a physicist, I think it best at this point to ask Major Tucker to describe the apparatus to you in detail, and demonstrate the test on an individual, after which, I shall briefly indicate some of the results we have obtained by its use on deaf people.
Surface of strontium titanate.

We report the first complete determination, using surface x-ray diffraction, of the surface structure of TiO2-terminated SrTiO3(001), both at room temperature in vacuum, and also hot, under typical conditions used for thin film growth. The cold structure consists of a mixture of a (1x1) relaxation and (2x1) and (2x2) reconstructions. The latter disappear over several minutes upon heating. The structures are best modeled by a TiO2-rich surface similar to that proposed by Erdman et al. [Nature (London) 419, 55 (2002). 10.1038/nature01010]. Both reconstructions have been shown by density functional theory to be energetically favorable. The calculated (1x1) surface energy is higher, indicating that it may be a disordered mixture of the reconstructions. Atomic displacements are significant down to three unit cells, which may have important implications on possible surface ferroelectric phenomena in SrTiO3.
Design of a modular architecture for autonomous robot

This paper proposes a formalism for the description and automated implementation of the functional modules of an autonomous mobile robot in the framework of multi-layered control architectures. The formalization of the description of a module, including its behavior and its interfaces with other modules makes the implementation easier by providing higher level tools and automatic consistence checking tools in the module compiler. The execution control level can take advantage of the formal description of the activity tree of the modules to manage the resources more efficiently. A global task of the robot is achieved by the control system by connecting the modules into a dynamic activity tree. Finally the authors present a modules compiler that uses the formal module description and user supplied functions to produce the modules in an automated way. <<ETX>>
Trace routing effects on crosstalk signals in high-density integrated circuits

In this paper, we target to investigate the crosstalk between two adjacent traces by studying the effects of their spacing and orientation. It is found that the trace routing is a critical way to reduce the crosstalk between two traces designed in high-density integrated circuits. Simulation results show that two vertical traces result in the smallest crosstalk and that the crosstalk signals are insensitive to the spacing increment between two parallel traces in the range investigated.
Identifying early literacy learning needs: Implications for child outcome standards and assessment systems

The origins of conventional literacy skills are evident in early childhood development. Emergent literacy skills, as measured in preschool and kindergarten, are strong predictors of later literacy achievement. Current educational research and policy (e.g., No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, PL 107-110, 115 Stat. 1425, 2001) emphasize assessment of preschool children to inform identification and instruction. The assessment of emergent literacy skills can serve to identify those children who may be at risk for later reading difficulties. Furthermore, assessment can guide the content and delivery of early literacy instruction. Failure to identify children early and provide appropriate intervention to promote emergent literacy skills is likely to have serious repercussions for later development of conventional reading skills.
Reference data for jumping mechanography in healthy children and adolescents aged 6-18 years.

OBJECTIVES To present gender-specific pediatric normative data on the main parameters of muscle function assessed using jumping mechanography. METHODS The study population included 796 non-selected Caucasian children and adolescents (432 girls and 364 boys) aged 6-19 years recruited from 6 primary schools and 3 high schools. Maximum peak power (Pmax) was examined by a single two-legged jump, and maximum force (Fmax) was examined by a multiple one-legged hopping. All measurements were performed using a portable force platform (Leonardo Mechanograph, Novotec). Pmax, Pmax/mass, Fmax and Fmax/body weight were analyzed as the main outcome parameters. LMS method was used to generate age- and weight-specific reference smooth curves. RESULTS Both Pmax and Fmax were strongly dependent on age and weight in both genders (all p<0.001). In prepubertal children, there was no intergender difference in Pmax or Fmax. Both parameters steadily increased in boys and plateaued in girls aged >13 years. Whereas Pmax/mass was more dependent on anthropometric parameters, Fmax/BW remained nearly constant with respect to age and weight. CONCLUSIONS These reference data are intended to assist clinicians in the assessment of muscle function by jumping mechanography in pediatric patients.
Optimal design of traction motor in railway propulsion system

Continuous decreasing in price of permanent magnet attracts many industries to invest in the development of permanent magnet synchronous motor, especially in traction application because of its high efficiency and compactness. In this paper a design of surface-mounted permanent magnet (SMPM) synchronous motor has been studied. The optimal design of SMPM motor can be achieved by applying a global design process and the multiobjective optimization.
Terrorism, Emotions, and Corporate Policies

This paper examines whether emotion-related biases induced by extraneous negative events affect corporate decision-making. Specifically, we conjecture that corporate managers located near major terrorist attacks will experience negative emotions, which would induce them to adopt more conservative corporate policies. Consistent with our conjecture, we demonstrate that firms located near terrorist events increase their cash holdings, and reduce their R&D expenditure and their long-term leverage around the events. These effects are temporary, become weaker as the distance between the firm and the event location increases, and are mainly concentrated among firms managed by younger CEOs. Using multiple media proxies to capture the saliency of negative events, we also find that events with greater media exposure are associated with larger changes in corporate policies. JEL Classification: G32, G02.
A Radio and Optical Study of the Active Young F Star HR 1817 (=HD 35850)

Abstract This paper presents the results of a multiwavelength observational study of the active young F-type star HR 1817. The star was monitored at 4.80 and 8.64 GHz over 2 × 12 h allocations with the Australia Telescope Compact Array on 8 and 9 December, 2000. The Anglo-Australian Telescope was used for simultaneous optical spectropolarimetry during a 2 h period on 9 December. The low levels of observed radio emission have characteristics that are similar to those seen in other active stars, and a gyrosynchrotron mechanism is proposed to explain them; this is supported by the relatively low fractions of circular polarisation measured in HR 1817. Comparison of the emissions from 4.80 and 8.64 GHz shows a very strong cross-correlation peak, indicative of a common origin, although the shift of this peak indicates that 8.64 GHz variations tend to precede those at 4.80 GHz by, typically, ˜20 min. The optical spectropolarimetry reveals polarisation signals characteristic of surface magnetic fields, with profile changes indicating a complex dynamo-type magnetic topology is present on the star. This result makes HR 1817 the star with the earliest spectral type on which dynamo magnetic fields have been detected directly up to now.
Post-translational Regulation of the Arabidopsis Circadian Clock through Selective Proteolysis and Phosphorylation of Pseudo-response Regulator Proteins*

The circadian clock controls the period, phasing, and amplitude of processes that oscillate with a near 24-h rhythm. One core group of clock components in Arabidopsis that controls the pace of the central oscillator is comprised of five PRR (pseudo-response regulator) proteins whose biochemical function in the clock remains unclear. Peak expression of TOC1 (timing of cab expression 1)/PRR1, PRR3, PRR5, PRR7, and PRR9 are each phased differently over the course of the day and loss of any PRR protein alters period. Here we show that, together with TOC1, PRR5 is the only other likely proteolytic substrate of the E3 ubiquitin ligase SCFZTL within this PRR family. We further demonstrate a functional significance for the phosphorylated forms of PRR5, TOC1, and PRR3. Each PRR protein examined is nuclear-localized and is differentially phosphorylated over the circadian cycle. The more highly phosphorylated forms of PRR5 and TOC1 interact best with the F-box protein ZTL (ZEITLUPE), suggesting a mechanism to modulate their proteolysis. In vivo degradation of both PRR5 and ZTL is inhibited by blue light, likely the result of blue light photoperception by ZTL. TOC1 and PRR3 interact in vivo and phosphorylation of both is necessary for their optimal binding in vitro. Additionally, because PRR3 and ZTL both interact with TOC1 in vivo via the TOC1 N terminus, taken together these data suggest that the TOC1/PRR3 phosphorylation-dependent interaction may protect TOC1 from ZTL-mediated degradation, resulting in an enhanced amplitude of TOC1 cycling.
Photogrammetric Analysis of the Articular Surface of the Distal Radius

Three-dimensional measurements made using photogrammetry have recently gained popularity with the development of real-time detection facilities and up-to-date equipment. The modelling of human bones presents a particular challenge as the measurements required are difficult to obtain, especially from uneven surfaces. In this study, the articular surfaces of 12 radius bones were evaluated using photogrammetry to obtain three-dimensional coordinates of certain points. Morphometric characteristics of the digital topography of the articular surface were analysed using three-dimensional data from more than 200 points for each specimen. The coronal plane curve, from the tip of the styloid process to the centre of the distal radioulnar articular notch, was found to be similar to the fourth degree polynomial function. A mathematical expression representing the sagittal curve passing through scapholunate border could not be found. Close-range photogrammetry is a safe and precise technique that can provide reliable, reproducible and accurate data for evaluating complex morphological surfaces.
Humoral and cellular immune response to Histophilus somni recombinant heat shock protein 60 kDa in farm animals.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of immunising farm animals with the Histophi- lus somni recombinant heat shock protein 60kDa ( H. somni rHsp60) in field conditions. Fifty piglets, 10 calves and 30 hens were immunised twice, and the same number of each species was used as the control. The humoral immune response was evaluated using ELISA in piglets (IgG, IgA and IgM) and calves (IgG 1 , IgG 2 and IgM) sera and in hen egg yolks (IgY). Cell-mediated immune responses were evaluated using the skin test. Concentrations of serum haptoglobin in calves and piglets and plasma fibrinogen in calves, daily weight gain in piglets, as well as the inner body temperature and clinical signs in calves were measured to evaluate the clinical effects of vaccina - tion. In animals immunised twice with H. somni rHsp60, a statistically significant increase in IgY antibodies in egg yolk as well as serum IgG 1 and IgG 2 antibodies in calves ( P < 0.05) was found. In piglets, the antibody reaction against H. somni rHsp60 was higher in the experimental than in the control group, but the difference was signifi - cant only for the IgG class ( P < 0.05). A moderate cell-mediated immune response to H. somni rHsp60 measured using the skin test was observed in piglets after 24 h ( P < 0.05), but not in calves and hens. The daily weight gain was significantly higher in the experimental than in the control piglets ( P < 0.05). The fibrinogen and haptoglobin levels in calves, as well as the inner body temperature, indicated a reduced risk of pathology in the experimental group of calves. The preliminary results confirmed the immunogenicity of H. somni rHsp60. A beneficial effect on piglet weight gain was observed. The obtained results warrant further studies of the protective effects of H. somni rHsp60 as an ingredient of subunit vaccines in farm animals.
Unemployment and Health Behaviors : An Individual-Level Longitudinal Analysis

This study estimates the effect of unemployment on physical activity, obesity and smoking behavior by exploiting variation over time in the 2003-4 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). Within-individual fixed effect models demonstrate that a spell of unemployment reduces the probability of engaging in physical activity (∆ prob = -.12) relative to extended employment, but employment status has no appreciable effect on obesity or smoking. Robustness checks corroborate the main result and address endogeneity issues. The effect is primarily mediated in specific subgroups: workers under age 45, males and those in “blue collar” occupations. These findings differ from prior results which find a beneficial effect of regional-level unemployment on individual health behaviors. Nevertheless, calculations based on the estimates suggest that a subsidy to promote these behaviors in the unemployed population is probably not warranted. Author: Eric L. Keuffel Email: ekeuffel@wharton.upenn. edu JEL Code: I.12
Microreview New insights into innate immunity in Arabidopsis

The term innate immunity has been described as ‘. the surveillance system that detects the presence and nature of the infection and provides the first line of host defense . ’ (Medzhitov, 2001; Nat Rev Immunol 1: 135–145). The strategy of innate immunity is based on the recognition of constitutive and conserved molecules from pathogens by specific receptors, triggering defence responses (Medzhitov and Janeway, 2002; Science 296: 298–300). It has been only within the past few years that studies of plant innate immunity, especially in Arabidopsis, have provided important insights into molecular details that define innate immunity in plants. Here we review the innate immune response in Arabidopsis, where leucine-rich repeat (LRR) cell surface receptors play central roles in monitoring the presence of pathogen (microbe) associated molecules to initiate the rapid expression of defence genes. The PAMPS also activate the expression of genes encoding a family of endogenous peptides (AtPep1 paralogues) and their receptor (PEPR1) that amplify defence signalling through a feedback loop initiated by PAMPS. The concept of innate immunity has provided a valuable framework for researchers to re-evaluate the roles of exogenous and endogenous signals that regulate the expression of plant defensive genes.