Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High Temperature Alters Sorbitol Metabolism in Pyrus pyrifolia Leaves and Fruit Flesh during Late Stages of Fruit Enlargement

Sorbitol is the main photosynthetic product and primary translocated carbohydrate in the Rosaceae and plays fundamental roles in plant growth, fruit quality, and osmotic stress adaptation. To investigate the effect of frequent high temperature during advanced fruit development on fruit quality of chinese sand pear (Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm. f.) Nakai), we analyzed sorbitol metabolism in mature leaves and fruit flesh of potted 'Wonhwang' pear trees. In mature leaves, sorbitol synthesis catalyzed by NADP D -dependent sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (S6PDH) was repressed, while sorbitol utilization mainly catalyzed by NAD D -dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase (NAD D -SDH) and NADP D -dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase (NADP D -SDH) was higher than that before high-temperature treatment, which resulted in decreased sorbitol accumulation. In contrast, sucrose accumulation in mature leaves was significantly enhanced in response to high temperatures. In fruit flesh, accumulation of sorbitol and sucrose was increased at the time of harvest under high temperatures. Among sorbitol metabolic enzymes, only NAD D -SDH was sensitive to high temperature in fruit flesh, and significant decrease of NAD D -SDH activity indicated that the fruit sorbitol-uptake capacity was undermined under high temperatures. Transcription analysis revealed tissue-specific responses of NAD D -SDH genes (PpSDH1, PpSDH2, and PpSDH3) to high-temperature treatment. The NAD D -SDH activity and regulation of PpSDH1 and PpSDH3 were positively correlated in mature leaves. However, the downregulation of PpSDH1 and PpSDH2 was consistent with decreased enzyme activity in the fruit flesh. With regard to sorbitol transport, two sorbitol transporter genes (PpSOT1 and PpSOT2) were isolated, and downregulation of PpSOT2 expression in mature leaves indicated that the sorbitol-loading capability decreased under high- temperature conditions because of the limited sorbitol supply. These findings suggested that sorbitol metabolism responded differently in mature leaves and fruit flesh under high temperature, and that these dissimilar responses influenced fruit quality and may play important roles in adaptation to high temperatures.
Bio-oil Production from Napier Grass Using a Pyrolysis Process: Comparison of Energy Conversion and Production Cost between Bio-oil and Other Biofuels

This article presents bio-oil production from Napier grass by using a pyrolysis process. The comparative potential of energy conversion and the cost of production among bio-oil, bio-ethanol, biogas and syngas from gasification by using Napier grass as raw material were also analyzed. The pyrolysis in this study was developed from previous work in order to improve the yield of bio-oils. The circulating fluidized bed reactor (CFBr) was used as the reactor, and a new scrub condenser was applied in order to increase the performance of condensing vapor into bio-oil. This system had the ability to feed Napier grass between 45-75 kg/hr, and it could create a solid-recirculating rate of about 52.36 kg/m 2 s at 7 m/s of maximum superficial velocity. From the results of the bio-oil production, it has been concluded that the maximum yield of bio-oil production is 44.60 wt% at a feed rate of 60 kg/hr and bed temperature of 480°C. The properties and chemical components of bio-oil were also determined. A comparison of energy conversion from Napier grass to products such as bio-oil, ethanol, biogas and syngas through the gasification process as well as an analysis of cost of production revealed that syngas production through gasification has a greater potential energy conversion and cost of production than other technology, which had an energy conversion efficiency and cost of production of about 72.65% and 0.26 USD/GJ, respectively. However, as compared to liquid fuel, the gas fuel has greater limitations in terms of utilization and transportation. The bio-oil production from pyrolysis in this study had a cold efficiency and cost of production of about 28.24% and 17.98 USD/GJ, which proved a more advantageous trend of cold efficiency and production cost than bio-ethanol production, thus it can support a large energy project to create more energy security.
Ergosphere Driven Winds

This is by far the shortest chapter in the book, yet it is the most important as it synthesizes the fundamental physics of all ergospheric dynamos that create and sustain a toroidal magnetic flux (and the currents that support it). The content is not more than a typical section of the book, but is broken off into its own chapter for emphasis.
Learning-to-Rank vs Ranking-to-Learn: Strategies for Regression Testing in Continuous Integration

In Continuous Integration (CI), regression testing is constrained by the time between commits. This demands for careful selection and/or prioritization of test cases within test suites too large to be run entirely. To this aim, some Machine Learning (ML) techniques have been proposed, as an alternative to deterministic approaches. Two broad strategies for ML-based prioritization are learning-to-rank and what we call ranking-to-learn (i.e., reinforcement learning). Various ML algorithms can be applied in each strategy. In this paper we introduce ten of such algorithms for adoption in CI practices, and perform a comprehensive study comparing them against each other using subjects from the Apache Commons project. We analyze the influence of several features of the code under test and of the test process. The results allow to draw criteria to support testers in selecting and tuning the technique that best fits their context.
Heat Problems Associated with Genesis Flood Models—Part 3: Vapour Canopy Models

The present article is the third in a series of papers intended to identify and, where possible, to quantify the key sources of the heat inevitably released during the Genesis Flood. In contrast with the first two papers, which are concerned mainly with the thermal history of the oceans, it considers the thermal consequences of vapour canopy models of the pre-Flood earth and of the onset of the Flood. Such models were developed in the last decades of the twentieth century by creationist authors who proposed that the pre-Flood earth possessed an atmosphere characterised by a high-altitude water vapour canopy which would have collapsed at the onset of the Flood, thereby providing a proportion of the water involved in the Flood. Here we find that the vapour canopy idea arose from outside mainstream biblical scholarship, apparently with the long-age catastrophist Isaac Newton Vail, who in turn attributed it to philosopher Immanuel Kant. Other strands of thought seem likely to have contributed, but their origin is not entirely clear. Our appraisal of the biblical and scientific arguments used to support the development of the idea into computationally tractable models of the pre-Flood atmosphere has found that the biblical arguments are not compelling. Furthermore these models fail scientifically, mainly because they predict a pre-Flood environment which would have been too hot for life except where the canopy water content was far too small to contribute significantly to the floodwaters. ISSN: 1937-9056 Copyright © 2020 Answers in Genesis, Inc. All content is owned by Answers in Genesis (“AiG”) unless otherwise indicated. AiG consents to unlimited copying and distribution of print copies of Answers Research Journal articles for non-commercial, non-sale purposes only, provided the following conditions are met: the author of the article is clearly identified; Answers in Genesis is acknowledged as the copyright owner; Answers Research Journal and its website, www.answersresearchjournal. org, are acknowledged as the publication source; and the integrity of the work is not compromised in any way. For website and other electronic distribution and publication, AiG consents to republication of article abstracts with direct links to the full papers on the ARJ website. All rights reserved. For more information write to: Answers in Genesis, PO Box 510, Hebron, KY 41048, Attn: Editor, Answers Research Journal. The views expressed are those of the writer(s) and not necessarily those of the Answers Research Journal Editor or of Answers in Genesis.
Comparison of abundance and diversity of small mammals between the Wooded Grassland and Primary Forest in Pande Game Reserve, Tanzania

Species diversity and trap success (abundance) between the two sites were assessed. Animals were sampled using four types of traps; Bucket pitfalls, Sherman, Tomahawk and Snap traps. A total of 103 animals comprising of 18 species in 8 families were captured; 73 of them from the Wooded Grassland and 30 from the Primary Forest. Species richness in the Wooded Grassland was 14 species and in the Primary Forest (11species). Using the Welch's t-test, species diversity between the Wooded Grassland (H’=0.78) and that of the Primary Forest (H’= 0.71) did not differ significantly. The Sorensen Coefficient (CCs) value of 0.56 indicates a low similarity in the species inhabiting the two study sites. Small mammals species which disappeared for many years in the past could now be found inhabiting the Game Reserve. Most of it is still a secondary forest but it will recover into a primary forest in the near future if efforts to curb illegal tree harvesting and wild fires continue to be taken seriously.
HERITABILITY OF EFFECTIVENESS IN A NITROGEN FIXING SYMBIOSIS

By Adriana Lucia Parra-Colmenares, Ph.D. Washington State University August, 2003 Chair: Michael L. Kahn Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is a process in which soil bacteria, collectively called rhizobia, invade legume plants and differentiate into a form that can convert atmospheric N2 into ammonium, a form that can be used by the plant. Legumes form symbiotic interactions with rhizobia by recognizing appropriate bacteria, developing a root nodule in response to bacterial signals and supporting the metabolism needed for bacterial nitrogen fixation. The plant-rhizobia interaction is very specific and any failure during this process can lead to an unproductive relationship. Symbiotic effectiveness has been experimentally defined as the amount of fixed nitrogen that is transferred to the plant. Differences in the complex interactions between the plant and the bacteria are suggested to be the main factors responsible for the variation of N2 fixation in different plant-bacteria combinations. Considerable progress has been made in the identification of microbial genes that contribute to nitrogen fixation. In contrast, there is little information about the plant genes that contribute to more effective nitrogen fixation. This study investigated the role of plant genes in the effectiveness of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. I describe a new mass spectrometry assay that measures the contribution that N2 fixation makes to the nitrogen composition of pheophytin, the Mg-free derivative of chlorophyll. This method showed that nitrogen fixation can contribute substantial N to pheophytin isolated
Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology

Seafood-borne outbreaks caused by Vibrio cholerae have led to the increased need for food safety risk assessment of marine products. An in silico investigation about the potential of virulence gene of V. cholerae, rtxA, as a DNA biomarker of the toxigenic bacterium has been carried out. The aim of this study was to use the bacterial DNA biomarker sequence as a tool to facilitate early rapid detection of cholera infection. Five specific pairs of primers were designed from the rtxA open reading frame DNA of V. cholerae O1 biovar El Tor str. N16961 genomic DNA using Primer3Plus. Next, in silico Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay was carried out using the newly designed primers and 25 genomic DNA of vibrio spp. retrieved from the in silico database. One of the five designed pairs of primers, RtxAOF-RtxAOR: ‘5-CGCAAAACAGTTTCAGCCGA-3’ and 5’-AGGTTGGTCTTTTGTGGCCA-3’, could result in single DNA amplicon sized 518 bp only from V. cholerae species. No amplicon bands were produced from 17 other vibrio genomes studied using similar RtxAF-RtxAR primers. A further check showed that the amplicon was indeed part of the rtxA gene of V. cholerae. Based on this in silico study, rtxA gene appeared to be a DNA biomarker of V. cholerae, which is potential to facilitate rapid diagnosis of the virulence bacterium using in silico PCR assay.
The Effect of Alpha Mangostin on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition on Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells Surviving Sorafenib via TGF-β/Smad Pathways

Purpose: This study was intended to find out the impact of alpha mangostin administration on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and TGF-β/Smad pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma Hep-G2 cells surviving sorafenib. Methods: Hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells were treated with sorafenib 10 μM. Cells surviving sorafenib treatment (HepG2surv) were then treated vehicle, sorafenib, alpha mangostin, or combination of sorafenib and alpha mangostin. Afterward, cells were observed for their morphology with an inverted microscope and counted for cell viability. The concentrations of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in a culture medium were examined using ELISA. The mRNA expressions of TGF-β1, TGF-β1-receptor, Smad3, Smad7, E-cadherin, and vimentin were evaluated using quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. The protein level of E-cadherin was also determined using western blot analysis. Results: Treatment of alpha mangostin and sorafenib caused a significant decrease in the viability of sorafenib-surviving HepG2 cells versus control (both groups with P <0.05). Our study found that alpha mangostin treatment increased the expressions of vimentin (P <0.001 versus control). In contrast, alpha mangostin treatment tends to decrease the expressions of Smad7 and E-cadherin (both with P >0.05). In line with our findings, the expressions of TGF-β1 and Smad3 are significantly upregulated after alpha mangostin administration (both with P <0.05) versus control. Conclusion: Alpha mangostin reduced cell viability of sorafenib-surviving HepG2 cells; however, it also enhanced epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers by activating TGF-β/Smad pathways.
Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Studies of the Aerial Part of Aeschynomene uniflora Mey

The aim of the study was to investigate the phytochemical composition and antimicrobial activities of extracts of aerial part of Aeschynomene uniflora Mey used in folklore medicine in order to scientifically validate some of its ethnomedicinal claims. The dried and pulverized aerial part of Aeschynomene uniflora was extracted using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol by Soxhlet extraction and each concentrated in vacuo to yield four extracts. The extracts were then subject to preliminary phytochemical screening and antimicrobial studies using standard method. Carbohydrates, cardiac glycoside, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, triterpenes and tannins were present in the crude extracts. The highest zone of inhibition of 25 mm was exhibited by the ethyl acetated extract against Staphylococcus aureus, while the petroleum ether extract show the lowest zone of inhibition of 16 mm against Streptococcus pyogenes. The chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 7 mg/mL against, Bacillus subtilis and Candida stellatoidea respectively. Both the methanol and petroleum ether extracts had a MIC of 30 mg/mL against Candida stellatoidea. The minimum bactericidal/ fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) of the extracts ranged between 15 mg/mL to 60 mg/mL. In conclusion, the aerial parts of Aeschynomene uniflora showed significant antimicrobial properties. This justifies the use of the in the treatment of human and animal infectious disease.
Psychological Determinants of Relapse Prevention

The present research aimed to study self-reflection, self-importance of moral identity, self-forgiveness, and personal growth initiative as the psychological determinants of relapse prevention among the drug addicts. Study instruments include Self-Reflection and Insight Scale (Grant, Franklin, & Langford, 2002), Self-Importance of Moral Identity Measure (Aquino & Reed, 2002), Two-factor Selfforgiveness Scale (Griffin et al., 2015), Personal Growth Initiative Scale II-Urdu (PGIS-II) (Zaman, 2018), and Advance Warning of Relapse (AWARE) Scale (Miller & Harris, 2000). The whole study is divided into two phases. Phase I underlies translation and validation of the research instrument into Urdu language; such that, translated versions possess significant reliability and possess good construct validity. Phase II studies the relationship between selfreflection, self-importance of moral identity, self-forgiveness, personal growth initiative, and relapse prevention among 240 drug addicts (M = 29.3, SD = 8.2). Sample was approached at different rehabilitation centers of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Results indicated that all translated instruments are valid for the sample. All the study variables are found to explain about 14% variance (R = .14) in warning of relapse such that personal growth initiative is the most significant predictor. The values of total, direct, and indirect effects demonstrate existence of mediation; such that, selfimportance of moral identity, self-forgiveness, and personal growth initiative act as serial mediators in order as mentioned for the relationship of self-reflection and warning of relapse.
Cognitive Emotion Regulation: Its Relationship to Parenting Stress

A child’s condition not being in line with the parent’s expectations can cause mothers to experience pressures that can lead to them not parenting effectively. The condition of children with special needs in particular can cause some anxiety and pressure that may induce parenting stress. This research aims to understand the correlation between cognitive emotion regulation and parenting stress, as moderated by the need to belong. A quantitative approach was employed in this research, whose participants comprised 428 mothers of children with special needs. The data were collected using the Parenting Stress Index–Short Form, the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and the Need to Belong Scale. The data were then analyzed using the PROCESS Macro Analysis moderation method. The results reveal a significant negative correlation between cognitive emotion regulation and parenting stress (β= -0.55; p=0.00), while the need to belong significantly weakened the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation and parenting stress (β= -0.29; p=0.04).
Pro-Agripreneurial Factors for the Formation of Agri-startups in India

India has one of the largest Startup ecosystem in the World catering to approximately 10,000 Startups spanning from IT, finance to services. Since 2015, India’s startup ecosystem has steadily matured with the startups diversifying their focus across a myriad of economic segments and has embraced technological innovation to meet the country’s unique challenges. Indian ease of doing business ranking is 63 rd in the World Bank Ease of Doing Business Index Report 2020. The Agriculture in India is witnessing a massive transformation with the focus on shifting to creating sustainable businesses to support the farmers. With the business focus, the agri-startups are leveraging opportunities in areas such as increasing crop production, improving the nutritional value of the crops, reduction in input prices for farmers, improving the overall process-driven supply chain, and reducing wastage in the distribution system, among others. They are also creating market linkages through retailing, B2C (Business to customer) and B2B (business to busines) market place management. This work reflects upon the deciding or the proactive factors contributing to the formation of Agri-startups spearheaded by youth in India. Short Research Article Vijayan and Shivkumar; AJAEES, 38(8): 1-8, 2020; Article no.AJAEES. 58472 2
Enhancing Pro Environmental Behavior at Heritage Sites: The Effect of Place Attachment

With growing insight into sustainability issue, the tourists' pro-environmental behavior in cultural heritage sites became a vital topic to discuss. Until now, visitors’ environmental behavior at heritage sites has not been sufficiently examined. It has been assumed that individuals with higher levels of attachment to a particular place were more likely to protect this place. Therefore, the current research aims at examining the influence of place attachment on pro-environmental behavior of tourists at the district of Old Cairo. This study considered place attachment as a multidimensional construct including place dependence, place identity, place affect and place social bonding. A structured questionnaire has been used to collect the primary data from a sample of 400 local and foreign visitors at Old Cairo. The findings indicated that place attachment was positively correlated with the pro-environmental behavior of visitors. Practical findings proved also a positive and significant effect of all place attachment sub constructs on proenvironmental behavior at Old Cairo. Finally, this research concludes by discussing managerial implications, along with suggestions for future research.
The Slow Speed Analysis Of Video-Monitoring Is Essential For The Observation Of Behavioral Manifestations In The Chronic Phase Of Pilocarpine Model In Non-Se Female Rats

Only few studies have focus on animals that received Pilocarpine (Pilo) and did not develop behavioral status epilepticus (SE) and, whether they may become epileptic in the model’s chronic phase. Authors observed mossy fiber sprouting in the hippocampus of Non-SE (NSE) rats (Scharfman et al., 2001), while others observed spontaneous and recurrent seizures (SRS) 6-8 months after animals received the drug (Navarro Mora et al., 2009). Neuronal excitability is influenced by female hormones, as well as, the occurrence of SE in castrated and non-castrated female rats. However, it is not known whether females that received Pilo and did not show SE, may have SRS. The aim of this work was to investigate whether castrated and non-castrated female rats that did not show behavioral SE after Pilo, will develop SRS in the following oneyear. For that, animals received 360mg/kg of Pilo and were video-monitored for 12 months. SE females from castrated and non-castrated groups became epileptic since the first month after drug injection. Epileptic behaviors were identified watching recordings in the fast speed. Castrated and Noncastrated NSE animals showed behaviors resembling seizures described by Racine Scale stages 1-3. Motor alterations of these groups were observed only when recordings were analyzed in slow speed. In addition, behavioral manifestations as, rhythmic head movements, sudden head movements, whole body movements and immobility were also observed in both, SE and NSE groups. We concluded that slow speed analysis of motor alterations was essential for the observation of NSE findings, which suggests that possibly many behaviors may be underestimated in epilepsy experimental research.