Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
To Augment Or Not To Augment? A Conjecture On Asymmetric Technical Change

Following standard macroeconomic theory, a non-increasing long-run share of labor in income combined with a capital-labor substitution elasticity of less than unity implies that productivity growth should be labor-augmenting. Employing an industry decomposition for the U.S., we find that technical progress is factor neutral. However, we stress potential inflation measurement errors manifested in the form of non-positive long-term productivity growth in a number of industries. We illustrate that estimates of the bias of technical change are quite sensitive to these measurement issues. If aggregate inflation is annually overstated by as little as a third of a percentage point, technical progress is already over 50 percent higher in the labor-intensive sector than in the capital-intensive sector. Thus, even the presence of small positive inflation biases could very well mean that technical change is notably labor augmenting.
From the Flap of a Butterfly's Wing in Brazil to a Tornado in Texas?: Approaching the Field of Identity Politics and Its Fractal Topography

El creciente impacto social y cultural de las politicas de identidad en procesos de integracion transnacional es de gran interes para una vasta gama de disciplinas academicas, incluyendo, entre otras, la sociologia, la antropologia, la geografia, los estudios literarios, de cine, de comunicacion social. Con fines de establecer un dialogo interdisciplinario sobre este tema, desarrollamos en este articulo el concepto del “campo de politicas de identidad. ” Este modelo heuristico se basa tanto en la teoria de campo de Pierre Bourdieu como en enfoques constructivistas y relacionados con el reciente complexity turn en los estudios sociales. El modelo posibilita analizar de que manera una amplia gama de actores interviene en las (re-)negociaciones y (re-)construcciones de identidades culturales en los actuales procesos de transnacionalizacion. En este contexto pretendemos mostrar la interrelacion de politicas de identidad de las elites politicas y culturales, los movimientos sociales, los medios masivos, las instituciones politicas y actores de la vida cotidiana. Para ello tomamos en cuenta los variados horizontes de interaccion local, regional, nacional y transnacional que marcan las intervenciones de estos actores en el campo. El objetivo principal es entender las logicas de expansion y de diferenciacion que regulan la extension del campo de politicas de identidad, asi como la topografia fractal del mismo que da cabida al analisis de fenomenos como la pluralidad de posicionamientos identitarios y la interseccion de discursos de identidad.
CHROMOSOMAL CHANGES IN MAMMALIAN SPECIATION : A LITERATURE REVIEW

WHAT THIS ARTICLE IS ABOUT Species are defined as groups of individuals which do not interbreed with other groups under natural conditions. In order for a new species to appear, it is necessary that some change occur which prevents natural interbreeding between two groups which formerly could interbreed. Several mechanisms by which this could be accomplished have been proposed. One proposal which has been widely discussed is based on structural changes in chromosomes. Various kinds of structural changes in chromosomes and how they affect fertility are discussed in this article. Fusion of two chromosomes and reversal (inversion) of a portion of a chromosome are the most commonly observed structural changes in mammalian chromosomes. Some populations which differ by such chromosomal rearrangements can interbreed, while other populations with similar chromosomal differences cannot. This suggests that the reasons for sterility are somewhat complex and may often be caused by factors other than differences in chromosomal structure. The fact that most species show chromosomal differences may be due to changes which have occurred after the species became reproductively isolated.
Apply Machine Learning Approaches to Survival Data

A number of machine learning methods have been developed for survival analysis, aiming to predict cancer susceptibility, recurrence and survival. However, many do not outperform the most widely used statistical method Cox proportional hazard model. This project first investigates three existing survival models Cox proportional hazard model, random survival forest and Multi-Task Learning for Survival Analysis (MTLSA) , on five real-world low-dimensional datasets. Upon the failure of MTLSA, I proposed linear MTLSA and MTL-ANN in both non-linear and linear forms to resolve drawbacks in MTLSA. Based on the available data, experiments suggest that a linear model is likely to be sufficient for survival analysis. Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Matt, for his guidance, encouragement, valuable suggestions and time throughout the project.
A comparative study of solvent dynamics in Choline Bromide aqueous solution using combination of neutron scattering technique and molecular dynamics simulation.

A comparative study between Choline and Tetra-methyl ammonium bromide is presented here. Choline which is a crucial component for our dietary requirements causes many diseases if there is deficiency. We used combined approach of all-atom molecular dynamics simulation coupled with neutron scattering technique to study mainly the solvent behavior in this study. There is follow up work where we discussed about the solute dynamical behavior.
The influence of magnetic field geometry on magnetars X-ray spectra

Nowadays, the analysis of the X-ray spectra of magnetically powered neutron stars or magnetars is one of the most valuable tools to gain insight into the physical processes occurring in their interiors and magnetospheres. In particular, the magnetospheric plasma leaves a strong imprint on the observed X-ray spectrum by means of Compton up-scattering of the thermal radiation coming from the star surface. Motivated by the increased quality of the observational data, much theoretical work has been devoted to develop Monte Carlo (MC) codes that incorporate the effects of resonant Compton scattering (RCS) in the modeling of radiative transfer of photons through the magnetosphere. The two key ingredients in this simulations are the kinetic plasma properties and the magnetic field (MF) configuration. The MF geometry is expected to be complex, but up to now only mathematically simple solutions (self-similar solutions) have been employed. In this work, we discuss the effects of new, more realistic, MF geometries on synthetic spectra. We use new force-free solutions [14] in a previously developed MC code [9] to assess the influence of MF geometry on the emerging spectra. Our main result is that the shape of the final spectrum is mostly sensitive to uncertain parameters of the magnetospheric plasma, but the MF geometry plays an important role on the angle-dependence of the spectra.
How to categorize emotional speech signals with respect to the speaker's degree of emotional intensity

Recently, classifying different emotional content of speech signals automatically has become one of the most important comprehensive inquiries. The main subject in thiseld is related to the improvement of the correct classication rate (CCR) resulting from the proposed techniques. However, a literature review shows that there is no notable research onnding appropriate parameters that are related to the intensity of emotions. In this article, we investigate the proper features to be employed in the recognition of emotional speech utterances according to their intensities. In this manner, 4 emotional classes of the Berlin Emotional Speech database, happiness, anger, fear, and boredom, are evaluated in high and low intensity degrees. Utilizing different classiers, a CCR of about 70% is obtained. Moreover, a 10-fold cross-validation procedure is used to enhance the consistency of the results.
Towards Knowledge-Based Integration and Visualization of Geospatial Data using Semantic Web Technologies

Geospatial data have been pervasive and indispensable for various real-world application of e.g. urban planning, traffic analysis and emergency response. To this end, the data integration and knowledge transfer are two prominent issues for augmenting the use of geospatial data and knowledge. In order to address these issue, Semantic Web technologies have been considerably adopted in geospatial domain, and there are currently still some activates investigating the benefits brought up from the adoption of Semantic Web technologies. In this context, this paper showcases and discusses the knowledge-based geospatial data integration and visualization leveraging ontologies and rules. Specifically, we use the Linked Data paradigm for modelling geospatial data, and then create knowledge base of the visualization of such data in terms of scaling, data portrayal and geometry source. This approach would benefit the transfer, interpret and reuse the visualization knowledge for geospatial data. At the meantime, we also identified some challenges of modelling geospatial knowledge and outreaching such knowledge to other domains as future study.
Multichromatic colour–magnitude diagrams of the globular cluster NGC 6366

We present multichromatic isochrone fits to the colour magnitude data of the globular cluster NGC6366, based on HST ACS/WFC and SOAR photometric data. We corrected the photometric data for differential reddening and calculated the mean ridge line of the colour magnitude diagrams. We compared the isochrones of Dartmouth Stellar Evolution Database and PAdova and TRieste Stellar Evolution Code both with microscopic diffusion starting on the main sequence. Bracketing all previous determinations of this cluster we tested metallicities from [Fe/H]=–1.00 to [Fe/H]=–0.50, and ages from 9 to 13 Gyrs. After determining the total to selective extinction ratio only from stars belonging to this cluster, RV = 3.06±0.14, we found the parameters for this cluster to be E(B V ) = 0.69 ± 0.02(int) ±0.04(ext), (m M)V = 15.02 ± 0.07(int) ±0.13(ext), Age = 11 ± 1.15Gyr. Evolutionary models fail to reproduce the low–Teff sequence in multi–band colour magnitude diagrams, indicating that they still have an incomplete physics. We found that the Dartmouth Stellar Evolution Database isochrones fit better the sub giant branch and low main sequence than the PAdova and TRieste Stellar Evolution Code.
Inverse-Compton Emission from Clusters of Galaxies: Predictions for ASTRO-H

The intra-cluster medium of several galaxy clusters hosts large-scale regions of diffuse synchrotron radio emission, known as radio halos and relics, which demonstrate the presence of magnetic fields and relativistic electrons in clusters. These relativistic electrons should also emit X-rays through inverse-Compton scattering off of cosmic microwave background photons. The detection of such a non-thermal X-ray component, together with the radio measurement, would permit to clearly separate the magnetic field from the relativistic electron distribution as the inverse-Compton emission is independent from the magnetic field in the cluster. However, non-thermal X-rays have not been conclusively detected from any cluster of galaxies so far. In this paper, for the first time, we model the synchrotron and inverse-Compton emission of all clusters hosting radio halos and relics for which the spectral index can be determined. We provide constraints on the volume-average magnetic field by comparing with current X-ray measurements. We then estimate the maximum volume-average magnetic field that will allow the detection of inverse-Compton hard X-rays by the ASTRO-H satellite. We found that several clusters are good targets for ASTRO-H to detect their inverse-Compton emission, in particular that corresponding to radio relics, and propose a list of promising targets for which ASTRO-H can test $\ge1$~$\mu$G magnetic fields. We conclude that future hard X-ray observations by the already-operating NuSTAR and the soon-to-be-launched ASTRO-H definitely have the potential to shed light on the long-sought non-thermal hard-X-ray emission in clusters of galaxies.
Identification and molecular characterization of a mutant that shows a light intensity Chlamydomonas reinhardtii dependent progressive chlorophyll deficiency

The green micro-alga is an elegant model Chlamydomonas reinhardtii organism to study all aspects of oxygenic photosynthesis. Chlorophyll (Chl) and heme are major tetrapyrroles that play an essential role in energy metabolism in photosynthetic organisms. These tetrapyrroles are synthesized via a common branched pathway that involves mainly nuclear encoded enzymes. One of the enzymes in the pathway is Mg chelatase (MgChel) which inserts Mg into protoporphyrin IX (PPIX, proto) to form Magnesium-protoporphyrin IX (MgPPIX, Mgproto), the first biosynthetic intermediate in the Chl branch. The GUN4 (genomes uncoupled 4) protein is not essential for the MgChel activity but has been shown to significantly stimulate its activity. We have isolated a light sensitive mutant, , by random DNA insertional mutagenesis. cannot 6F14 6F14 tolerate light intensities higher than 90-100 μmol photons m s . It shows a light intensity dependent progressive photo-bleaching. is incapable of 6F14 photo-autotrophic growth under light intensity higher than 100 μmol photons m s . PCR based analyses show that in the insertion of the plasmid 6F14 outside the locus has resulted in a genetic rearrangement of the GUN4 GUN4 gene and possible deletions in the genomic region flanking the gene. GUN4 Our mutant has a Chl content very similar to that in the wild type in the gun4 dark and is very sensitive to fluctuations in the light intensity in the environment unlike the earlier identified mutant. Complementation Chlamydomonas gun4 with a functional copy of the gene restored light tolerance, Chl GUN4 biosynthesis and photo-autotrophic growth under high light intensities in . 6F14 is the second mutant to be identified in . Additionally, 6F14 gun4 C. reinhardtii we show that our two complements over-express the GUN4 protein and gun4 show a higher Chl content per cell compared to that in the wild type strain. 1 1 1 1,2
KINEMATICS AND CHEMISTRY OF RECENTLY DISCOVERED RETICULUM 2 AND HOROLOGIUM 1 DWARF GALAXIES

We report on VLT/GIRAFFE spectra of stars in two recently discovered ultra-faint satellites, Reticulum 2 and Horologium 1, obtained as part of the Gaia-ESO Survey. We identify 18 members in Reticulum 2 and five in Horologium 1. We find Reticulum 2 to have a velocity dispersion of 3.22 − 0.49 + 1.64 km s − 1 ? > , implying a mass-to-light ratio (M/L) of ∼500. The mean metallicity of Reticulum 2 is [ Fe / H ] = − 2.46 ? > , with an intrinsic dispersion of ∼0.3 dex and α-enhancement of ∼0.4 dex. We conclude that Reticulum 2 is a dwarf galaxy. We also report on the serendipitous discovery of four stars in a previously unknown stellar substructure near Reticulum 2 with [ Fe / H ] ∼ − 2 ? > and V hel ∼ 220 km s − 1 ? > , far from the systemic velocity of Reticulum 2. For Horologium 1 we infer a velocity dispersion of &sgr; V = 4.9 − 0.9 + 2.8 km s − 1 ? > and a M/L ratio of ∼600, leading us to conclude that Horologium 1 is also a dwarf galaxy. Horologium 1 is slightly more metal-poor than Reticulum 2 ( [ Fe / H ] = − 2.76 ? > ) and is similarly α-enhanced: [ &agr; / Fe ] ∼ 0.3 dex ? > with a significant spread of metallicities of 0.17 dex. The line-of-sight velocity of Reticulum 2 is offset by 100 km s−1 from the prediction of the orbital velocity of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), thus making its association with the Cloud uncertain. However, at the location of Horologium 1, both the backward-integrated orbit of the LMC and its halo are predicted to have radial velocities similar to that of the dwarf. Therefore, it is possible that Horologium 1 is or once was a member of the Magellanic family.
On an Anisozygopterous Larva from the Himalayas (Order Odonata)

The Order Odonata is usually subdivided into two Suborders, the Zygoptera and the Anisoptera, of which the principal characters are by now so well known that it is not necesary to recapitulate them here. Besides these two universally recognised types, there existed in Liassic times an extensive group of Dragonflies, which, to a considerable extent, appears to have combined the characters of the two Suborders in approximately equal measure. Handlirsch, who has studied these insects carefully, has separated them out into a new Suborder, to which he gave the name Anisozygoptera. ' There exists at the present day, so far as is known, a single genus and species of Dragonfly, Epiophlebia superstes (Selys), from Japan, which appears to combine the characters of the Zygoptera and Anisoptera in such a manner that it may legitimately be classified in the Anisozygoptera, if Handlirsch's decision regarding the Liassic types be accepted. This remarkable dragonfly possesses a Gomphine type of coloration, a Gomphine form of head, thorax and abdomen, and an archaic Zygopterous type of wing-venation. In my book on the " Biology of the Odonata ",2 I included Handlirsch's Anisozygoptera within the Suborder Zygoptera, and have placed Epiophlebia in the family Lestidae, making it form by itself a subfamily Epiophlebiinae. Up to the present time, the larva of Epiophlebia has remained undiscovered, though it is certainly the greatest prize awaiting discovery in this Order. It was safe to assume, considering the large number of larval characters in which the Zygoptera differ from the Anisoptera, that the discovery of this larva would definitely settle whether Epiophlebia was a true Zygopteron, as I had provisionally assumed, or whether it combined Zygopterous with Anisopterous characters in such proportion that it would support the recognition of Hardlirsch's new Suborder Anisozygoptera. For a number of years Mr. P. F. Laidlaw, of Uffculme, Devon, has been working on the Odonate fauna of India. He has a wide knowledge of the whole Oriental fauna, and is our recog-
A protocol for large scale genomic DNA isolation for cacao genetics analysis

Advances in DNA technology, such as marker assisted selection, detection of quantitative trait loci and genomic selection also require the isolation of DNA from a large number of samples and the preservation of tissue samples for future use in cacao genome studies. The present study proposes a method for the preservation of sample tissues for DNA extraction and for manual extraction of large number of samples using spheres. The integrity and concentration of the DNA by these methods were assessed and compared with conventional method using mortar. The best parameters in order to obtain a fine powder using spheres was the use of 4 lyophilized leaf disks (50 mg), a single steel ball of 6 mm in diameter, followed by 30 s of manual maceration. The quantity of DNA obtained was four times higher than the conventional method. The purity of the DNA obtained was satisfactory and proved to be amplifiable by PCR using SSR primers. The present approach is a reliable, rapid, simple and consistent DNA isolation method for cacao, compared to the conventional methods. The protocol greatly increases the efficiency of extraction and suggests an inexpensive and practical way of DNA isolation of cacao for large scale. Keywords : DNA extraction, cacao, spheres, lyophilized.
GROSS MORPHOLOGY AND ENCEPHALIZATION QUOTIENT OF BRAIN IN MALE AND FEMALE VANARAJA CHICKENS AT DIFFERENT AGES

Division of Livestock production management, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India. 2 Department of Livestock Production and Management, College of Veterinary Science and A.H. , Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India. Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37 K.B. Sarani, Kolkata700 037, India. Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science and A.H. , Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India. Department of Livestock Production and Management, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37 K.B. Sarani, Kolkata700 037, India. Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37 K.B. Sarani, Kolkata700 037, India. Corresponding author. e-mail: kul.pani42@gmail.com ABSTRACT: One hundred fifty day-old sexed Vanaraja chicks (75 male + 75 female) were taken as experimental birds. Dissection of cranium was performed carefully and study of gross morphology of brain was undertaken at different ages in male and female birds. The brain in situ appeared like a ‘spade’ symbol in playing card but it appeared rather wider and globular in both sexes. The cerebrum varied from pear to oval or even globular in shape in both sexes. On dorsal view, the cerebral hemispheres appeared moderately convex and smooth surfaced. On ventral surface, ill-developed olfactory lobes were observed anteriorly on either side of the median fissure in both male and female Vanaraja birds. The hippocampus was located transversely to the posterior one third parts of both cerebral hemispheres. Duncan’s EQ ranged from 5.801 ± 0.514 (T3-Male) to 5.944 ± 0.451 (T1-Female) on 21 st day. There was significant decrease (p<0.05) in EQ from Day 21 to 42 across all the groups. On 84 day, the range of EQ was 1.346 ± 0.115 (T3-Male) to 1.444 ± 0.114 (T1-Female). In case of Cuvier’s EQ, on 21 day the value ranged from 35.079 ± 0.288 (T2-Male) to 36.531 ± 0.312 (T3-Female). There was significant reduction (p<0.05) in Cuvier’s EQ value from Trial-I (21 day) to Trial-II (42 nd day). Again, a significant decrease in EQ value was evident from Trial-III (63 rd Day) to Trial-IV (84 th Day). On 84 day, the EQ ranged from 15.607 ± 0.123 (T3-Male) to 16.038c ± 0.125 (T2-Male). Duncan’s formula had very high correlation coefficient with brain length (0.915). There was also very high degree correlation between brain weight and body weight (0.963). Brain weight and neuronal size are also highly correlated (0.902). Neuronal size and brain volume are also having a high correlation (0.902). The EQ values had medium correlation with neuronal size (0.701 for Cuvier’s Formula and 0.713 for Duncan’s formula). Duncan’s and Cuvier’s value had a very high degree of correlation (0.998).