Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Micronutrient and Hormone on Microalgae Growth Assessment for Biofuel Feedstock

The individual and combined effects of micronutrients and hormones on freshwater-borne microalgae growth were investigated for biofuel feedstock in this experimental study. Five algal strains of Chlorella sp. , Chlorococcum sp. , Phormidium sp. , Chlorella sp. and Cosmarium sp. , AZH, AZS, ZAA1, ZAA2, and ZAA3, respectively, have been investigated. These strains were treated using different concentrations of micronutrients (iron chloride, manganese chloride, and sodium molybdenum oxide) and hormone (salicylic acid). The different treatments’ growth effects were as follows: iron chloride > sodium molybdenum oxide ˃ manganese chloride > salicylic acid. The order of the increases in the number of microalgal strain cells achieved by the application of the micronutrients and hormone was AZH > AZS > ZAA3 > ZAA2 > ZAA1. The combined treatments produced higher growth rates than the individual treatments, with the order of their effects being micronutrients + hormone > all three micronutrients > hormone alone. The increase in the number of microalgal strain cells under combined treatment was ZAA3 > AZH > AZS > ZAA2 and assessed using one-way ANOVA.
The Impact of Tenderness on Prefrontal Cortical Hemodynamics: An Objective Measurement of Wrist-ankle Acupuncture Analgesic Bracelet

Background: Determining an objective measure for pain is one of the most significant challenges in neuroscience and clinical medicine. The response of the cerebral cortex to noxious stimuli/pain can be detected by functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The study aimed to examine the law of pain relief and cerebral blood volume dynamics based on the wrist-ankle acupuncture (WAA) analgesic bracelet, and determined the reliability of the cortical activation patterns as objective measurements of pain. Methods: Tenderness was performed on the left point Jianyu of volunteers (age, 23.9 ± 1.9 years, mean ± SD) suffering from the cervical-shoulder syndrome (CSS) as tasks. A transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation analgesic bracelet based on WAA in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was used for treatment. A 24-channel fNIRS system was used for measuring cerebral oxygenated hemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) levels. Oxy-Hb concentration changes in each channel were determined by calculating the differences of Oxy-Hb levels between task and rest. Paired t-tests (p< 0.05) were used to assess the difference in data during tasks and rest. Results: A significant increase in Oxy-Hb was found in all 12 channels of the participants’ right hemisphere during the three tenderness tasks. The mean ± SD of Oxy-Hb levels changes in three tenderness were 0.50±1.22 mM mm, 0.28±1.36 mM mm, 0.09±0.81 mM mm, respectively, and the amount of the change gradually decreased with the participation of the analgesic bracelet. Group analysis of the three tenderness tasks showed that the main activation channels of the cerebral cortex for tenderness were CH6, CH11, CH12, and cortical regions response to tenderness were the frontopolar area, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and includes frontal eye fields. With the participation of the analgesic bracelet, the activation area of the cerebral cortex for tenderness gradually decreases. Conclusions: These findings describe the cerebral blood volume dynamics and cortical activation patterns during shoulder tenderness measured by fNIRS, which can not only be used to assess patients with CSS and other shoulder pain, but also to determine the reliability of the cerebral blood volume dynamics and cortical activation patterns pain assessment indicators. Further, this research explores the objective evaluation of the efficacy of an analgesic bracelet based on WAA in TCM for the first time, and provides a new research direction for further pain relief. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiECRCT20200243. Registered 12 May 2020.
Scaling Up Biocatalysis Reactions in Flow Reactors

Biocatalytic oxidase processes can benefit from improved mixing and mass transfer, as can all multiphase processes. Flow reactors are established for their mixing capabilities, but there are practical challenges in terms of slurry and gas/liquid handling. The oxidase of the dl-amino acid was studied and scaled up in flow in a Coflore system and compared to batch processing conditions. The improved mass transfer under flow conditions resulted in a reduction in reaction time, enzyme consumption, and pressure drop.
Electrolyte-Gated WO3 Transistors: Electrochemistry, Structure, and Device Performance

Electrolyte-gated (EG) transistors, based on electrolyte gating media, are powerful device structures to modulate the charge carrier density of materials by orders of magnitude, at relatively low operating voltages (sub-2 V). Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is a metal oxide semiconductor well investigated for applications in electrochromism, sensing, photocatalysis, and photoelectrochemistry. In this work, we report on EG transistors making use of mesoporous nanostructured WO3 thin films easily permeated by the electrolyte as the transistor channel and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([TFSI])-based ionic liquids as the gating media. The WO3 EG transistors operate at ca. 1 V. Using a combination of cyclic voltammetry, X-ray diffraction, and transistor performance characterizations, complemented by spectroscopic (Raman and infrared) investigations, we correlate the metal oxidation state and the charge transport properties of the metal oxide, shedding light on the doping process in electrically biased WO3 nanostru.
Interstate Wars and Terrorism: the Effect of External Enemies on Domestic and Transnational Terrorism

Current research about terrorism does not pay much attention to the relationship between terrorist incidents and interstate wars. This research project examines how interstate wars influenced terrorist incidents from 1970 to 2007 through an empirical study at the monadic level. This project attempts to explain that how interstate wars reduce domestic and transnational terrorist activities through three theoretical explanations, such as the diversionary theory of war, realism, and controlling freedom. In terms of the diversionary theory of war, because external threats like a war divert citizens’ discontent, terrorist incidents decrease in the war period. According to realism theory in the study of international relations, because trade that could increase other countries’ relative interests decreases in wartime, terrorists have less opportunities to obtain resources. Since a government limits public liberty in order to protect national security during war, terrorists confront higher risks and lose an incentive to conduct terrorist attacks. The empirical analysis demonstrates that interstate wars decreased the numbers of domestic and transnational terrorist incidents. However, less freedom during wartime had a critical impact on increasing domestic and international terrorist incidents.
Development of a Fingerprint Lock Safe with Vibration Sensor

Biometric recognition is a means of identification in which natural human endowment is used. Fingerprint, Iris, Face, DNA are examples of biometrics. Algorithms have been developed to recognize and identify each natural human endowment which in turn can be used to identify every human being. The aim of this study is to develop a safe which can only be accessed using Fingerprint with vibration sensor thereby improving the safety and security of traditional locks using key and padlock. This system ensures that only users whose fingerprint has been enrolled on the fingerprint sensor memory can access the Safe. Fingerprint Biometric among other biometrics can deliver high level of security which eradicates the need to remember PINs, passwords or the necessity of carrying keys/cards and identity proof. The system makes use of an Arduino UNO microcontroller which controls and connect the necessary hardware required for locking and unlocking the safe. The program running on the microcontroller was developed using Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) with C programming language. The range of functionality of the system is wide, it is implemented with low cost hardware, simple user interface, high security reliability and theft alert are some of the major advantages of this project. It is intended that the fingerprint lock safe shall eventually replace the manual traditional methods used for personal safe keeping of properties that is common in Nigeria and hence provide practicable way for a better security.
PENGARUH KUALITAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN DAN DEBT MATURITY TERHADAP EFISIENSI INVESTASI DENGAN GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI: STUDI PADA PERBANKAN GO PUBLIC DI INDONESIA

The purpose of this study is to test whether variable quality of financial statements, debt maturity and good corporate governance as moderating the quality of financial statements affect investment efficiency. This study used a panel data model with 40 banking samples going public in Indonesia in 2015-2019. The results showed that the quality of financial statements has a significant positive effect on investment efficiency. Debt maturity shows a positive influence on investment efficiency. However, good corporate governance has no effect in moderating the quality of financial statements with investment efficiency.
Physico-chemical Activation on Rice Husk Biochar for Enhancing of Cadmium Removal from Aqueous Solution

The biochar was prepared from rice husk by pyrolysis at slow pyrolysis at 300, 400, and 500oC. The obtained biochars were activated by combined physico-chemical methods. An alkaline solution of 1.63 M of KOH was used for chemical pre-activation and made second pyrolysis at the same condition as first pyrolysis. Adsorption efficiency was studied using the batch static method under laboratory conditions. Cd(II) ion removal efficiency of activated biochars was increased from 13–20% to 95–97% over non-activated biochar. The activated biochar at a pyrolysis temperature of 300°C showed the highest Cd(II) ion removal efficiency of 97% at 180 min of contact time. Cd(II) ion adsorption isotherms of activated biochar were fitted well both in Langmuir and Freundlich model. The maximum Cd(II) ion adsorption capacity of activated biochar pyrolysis at 300oC was 45.87 mg g-1, about six times higher than that of the non-activated biochar (7.76 mg g-1). The activated biochar increased the BET surface area from 7.71 to 11.57 m2g-1. It has been suggested that the simplicity of the physico-chemical activation technique, technically feasible, eco-friendly, and cost effective, can stimulate high Cd(II) ion removal efficiency of rice husk biochar.
Application of 3D Scanning, Computer Simulations and Virtual Reality in the Redesigning Process of Selected Areas of Underground Transportation Routes in Coal Mining Industry

Nowadays designing of selected areas of mines underground workings can be effectively improved by the application of computer techniques: 3D scanning, computer simulations and Virtual Reality. This, in fact, would result in the more reliable design process, significantly reduced designing costs and efforts, and improvement of the mines staff’s safety. This scientific paper presents a method developed for redesigning of selected areas of mines underground workings in which auxiliary transport is carried out. The method combines 3D laser scanning technique with computer simulations carried out in a CAD/MBS system, in order to determine the location of potential collisions of the transported loads with the arch yielding support and the equipment. The obtained results, visualized using Virtual Reality, will form input data in the process of designing the selected area of the mines underground workings. Finally, an example of the application of the described method during transportation of big-size load is given.
Ultrasonic Sensors used to Detect the Position of the Mobile Service Robot

The article talks about our design of ultrasound-based localization system. The designed system is primarily intended for mobile robotics. The second part of this article is focused on the initial verification of the basic characteristics and accuracy of the position measurement. This location system is currently still in the process of improving the functions required for usage in mobile robotics. We are currently working on removing some types of interferences.
Synthesis and characterizations of BNT–BT–KNN ceramics for energy storage applications

Dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of the (0.94–x) Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–0.06BaTiO3–xK0.5Na0.5NbO3/BNT–BT–KNN ceramics with x = 0.02 and 0.05 (2KNN and 5KNN) were studied in detail. Dielectric study and temperature-dependent polarization hysteresis loops indicated a ferroelectric-to-antiferroelectric transition at depolarization temperature (Td). The low Td in both the ceramic samples suggested the dominant antiferroelectric ordering at room temperature (RT), which was also confirmed by RT polarization and strain hysteresis loops studies. Antiferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transition temperature (Tm) was nearly same for both systems. The 5KNN ceramic samples showed the relaxor behaviour. The values of the dielectric constant, Td, and maximum strain percentage increased, whereas the coercive field and remnant polarization decreased with the increase of the KNN percentage in the BNT–BT–KNN system. High-energy storage density ∼0.5 J/cm3 at RT hinted about the suitability of the 5KNN system for energy storage applications.
Effects of COVID-19 on Gifted Students’ Quality of Life (QOL-GSS): Scale Development and Application

The aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable scale to measure the effects of COVID-19 on gifted students’ quality of life and analyse its effects on their quality of life considering some variables such as gender, age, education level, mother’s education level, father’s education level, monthly income and number of children in the family. To this end, a scale was developed and its reliability and validity were measured through a number of measures. The internal consistency was used to evaluate the reliability of the scale whereas its validity was analyzed by a factor analysis. Regarding EFA, the result of the KMO test was . 90 and Bartlett test χ2 statistic was 3055.306 (p < .001). Path coefficients of the items varied between . 55 and . 89 and Cronbach’s Alpha (α=.76) coefficients indicated that the data obtained from the scale (QOL-GSS) was reliable. Results overall indicated that COVID-19 affected gifted students’ quality of life slightly in all dimensions and QOL-GSS. Results also indicated that the effect of COVID-19 on gifted students’ quality of life showed significant differences by gender, education level, mother’s education level, father’s education level, monthly income and number of children in the family.
The Effects of Financial Literacy on Sustainable Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship contributes to the economic well-being of every country. Specifically, the level of individual entrepreneurship is crucial in the process of developing and building economic potential, especially in Central European countries. Among the several factors impacting entrepreneurship, the ability to access the necessary external sources of financing need to be considered crucial. The financial literacy of the entrepreneur plays a crucial role in the relationship between the lender and the borrower. In this paper, we investigate the effects of financial literacy on sustainable entrepreneurship. We based our analysis on the framework proposed by the World Economic Forum. We present an OLS model that adopts entrepreneurship, financial literacy and macroeconomic variables. The analysis is carried out on individual and national data from different sources of information (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, World Bank, and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). The results show a positive and statistically significant relationship between financial literacy and sustainable entrepreneurial activity. This evidence supports the increasing number of financial education initiatives and the inclusion of topics related to economic and financial culture in school education systems. We identify internationally valid policy implications. In the context of the growth strategies of Central European countries, financial literacy takes on even greater importance. The introduction of financial education in the national curricula could strengthen entrepreneurial skills and accelerate the inclusive growth process across Europe.
Understanding ‘context’ in realist evaluation and synthesis

ABSTRACT Context is a key concept in developing realist causal explanations but its conceptualisation has received comparatively less attention. We conducted a review to explore how context is conceptualised within realist reviews and evaluations. We purposively selected 40 studies to examine: How is context defined? And how is context operationalised in the findings? We identified two key ‘narratives’ in the way context was conceptualised: 1) Context as observable features (space, place, people, things) that triggered or blocked the intervention; assuming that context operates at one moment in time and sets in motion a chain reaction of events. 2) Context as the relational and dynamic features that shaped the mechanisms through which the intervention works; assuming that context operates in a dynamic, emergent way over time at multiple different levels of the social system. These two context narratives have different implications for the design, goals and impact of realist reviews and evaluations.
Dietary Risk Factors of Physical Growth of Filipino School-aged Children

Background: The study evaluated the relationship of the usual nutrient intake and protein adequacy to the prevalence of child malnutrition. Methods: Data were derived from the 2013 Philippine National Nutrition Survey. A total of 6,565 children aged 6-12 years across all the 17 regions that participated in the survey were analyzed. Two (2) non-consecutive day 24-hour dietary recalls (24hR) were collected to estimate the individual food intake. PC-SIDE version 1.0 software (Software for Intake Distribution Estimation) was used to estimate the usual intake of energy and key nutrients accounting for between - and within-person differences in dietary intake. The 2007 WHO Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) method was used to measure the protein quality or the utilizable protein intake. Results: School-aged children were found to have lower dietary intake of utilizable protein than total protein. Higher consumption of grains and meat decreased the prevalence of stunting. Furthermore, linear growth of children was found to be associated with the dietary intake of several nutrients including utilizable protein, calcium, vitamin B12, vitamin C and vitamin D. The prevalence of stunting and underweight significantly decreased with a higher consumption of utilizable protein. Milk consumption decreased the prevalence of underweight. The prevalence of underweight also decreases with a higher dietary consumption of calcium, riboflavin and vitamin C. Higher consumption of grains also decreased the prevalence of underweight and wasting. A decreased prevalence of wasting was also found with higher dietary consumption of riboflavin, thiamine and fiber. On the contrary, higher consumption of meat, milk and grains increased the prevalence of obesity. In particular, higher dietary consumption of utilizable protein and vitamin C increased the prevalence of obesity. Conclusions: Even though the dietary total protein intake of school-aged children is considered adequate, the existence of malnutrition among children may be specifically attributed to quality of protein consumed. Therefore, the study suggests that nutrition interventions and policies focusing on child malnutrition should improve not just the quantity, but the quality of protein sources consumed by children to aid in proper growth and development.
Compassion Science: Embracing and Cultivating Compassionate Minds in Early Childhood Classrooms

Abstract The critical and persistent impact of violence, abuse, and social injustice on the overall development of young children has necessitated a global discourse on the importance of cultivating compassion during children’s formative years. This article links the defining elements of compassion to the discipline of early childhood education and calls upon stakeholders to integrate more concerted and systematic knowledge from compassion science research into contemporary early childhood classroom practices.
Effect of the Fabrication Technique on Compressive Properties of Cu-PTFE Composites

In this paper, the effect of manufacturing methods on the compressive properties of Cu-PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) composites was investigated. Two types of specimens were prepared through different manufacturingmethods (extrusion forming and hot-press sintering). -e specimens were tested using an electrohydraulic press and split-Hopkinson pressure bars for quasistatic loading and dynamic impact, respectively. -e specific fracture processes were recorded by using a high-speed camera, and the failure microstructures of the specimens were analysed by SEM. According to the results, hot-press sintered specimens have consistently higher strength and toughness under dynamic compression than the extruded specimens, while the mechanical properties of hot-press sintered specimens are inferior to those of extruded specimens under quasi-static compression. -e failure of extruded specimens is primarily caused by the elastic mismatch between the PTFE matrix and Cu particles, as well as the polymerisation of plastic pores, which leads to particle pullout. However, the cracks in the hot-press sintered specimens were caused by the shear deformation and interface sliding of the PTFE matrix, which led to matrix tearing.
English Language Teachers’ Cognition in Handling Learners’ Speaking Problems

This research was conducted at the Foreign Languages Department of Eskisehir Osmangazi University to explore English language teachers’ cognition and actions in handling learners’ speaking problems considering the background factors of schooling, professional coursework, context, and classroom practice. In line with this aim, a multiple case study was carried out. Data collection was implemented through open-ended questionnaires, observations, reflection reports, and interviews. Once overall perceptions of 28 teachers were gathered, in-depth data obtained from 5 teachers in the same group provided further insight. According to the questionnaire's findings, most teachers perceived speaking as an important skill and made suggestions on improving this skill. In-depth data revealed that one of the teachers, contrary to her suggestions, applied a teacher-centred approach indicating contextual constraints as a reason. In contrast, another one preferred a learner-centred approach and did not complain about the contextual factors.