Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The caudal skeleton of extant and fossil cyprinodontiform fishes (Teleostei: Atherinomorpha): comparative morphology and delimitation of phylogenetic characters

The caudal skeleton of teleost fishes of the order Cyprinodontiformes is described and compared on the basis of 394 extant and eight fossil species, supporting delimitation of 21 phylogenetic characters, of which 13 are firstly reported. The Cyprinodontiformes are unambiguously diagnosed by the presence of a single, blade-like epural, and by principal caudal-fin rays continuous on upper and lower hypural plates. Monophyly of the suborder Cyprinodontoidei is supported by the widened neural and hemal spines of the preural centrum 3 and presence of a spine-like process on the stegural, and monophyly of the Aplocheiloidei by the absence of radial caudal cartilages. A keel-shaped lateral process on the compound centrum supports monophyly of the Nothobranchiidae. Some characters of the caudal skeleton in combination to other osteological features indicate the cyprinodontiform fossil genus †Prolebias to be a paraphyletic assemblage; †P. aymardi, †P. delphinensis and †P. stenoura, the type species of the genus, all from the Lower Oligocene of Europe, possibly are closely related to recent valenciids; †“P.” meridionalis from the Upper Oligocene of France is an incertae sedis cyprinodontid; and, †“P”. cephalotes, †“P”. egeranus and †“P”. malzi from the Upper Oligocene-Lower Miocene of Europe are closely related to poeciliids, probably closely related to the recent African genus Pantanodon due to they sharing unique derived features of pelvic fin, branchial arches and jaws.
The Impact of Working Capital Management on Shareholders Wealth and Profitability: Evidence from Colombo Stock Exchange

The Working Capital Management (WCM) has an important role in the firm’s success or failure because it directly effects the overall business health of the firm. This study examined the impact of WCM on profitability and shareholders wealth using the 50 companies listed in different sectors on the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) from period 2010 to 2015. This sample represents 47% of the selected sectors of CSE. The profitability of the company is measured using gross operating profit (GOP) and shareholders wealth measured by Tobin’s Q (TQ) ratio. The WCM is measured using five independent variables namely stock holding period (SHP), debtors’ collection period (DCP), creditors’ settlement period (CSP), cash conversion circle (CCC) and current assets ratio (CAR). Further, three additional variables such as firm size (SIZE), leverage (LEV) and earnings yield (EY) are employed as controlling variables to capture the impact of other performance of the companies. The data were analyzed using ordinary least square (OLS) and panel data regression models. These regression models reveal that there is a significant negative relationship between CCC and dependent variables (GOP & TQ). Further, this relationship has been confirmed by the major components of CCC Such as SHP, DCP. Firm size also positively and significantly effects on the firm GOP while negatively effects on the TQ. Further, they revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between LEV and TQ. The study finds that the shareholders' wealth and profitability can be increased through the efficiency of WCM.
The Effect of Leadership in a Public Bad Experiment

In the face of global or regional environmental problems, do countries that take unilateral actions inspire other countries to curtail emissions? The effect of leadership at the individual level is investigated by the use ofa novel design ofa laboratory public bad experiment with a leader. Twelve groups of5 participants played the game twice with two treatments: 10 rounds with a leader and 10 rounds without a leader. The order ofthe treatmentswas balanced over groups. A significant (within-subject) effect of leadership is found. Followers invest, on average, 13% less in the public bad when there is a leader setting the good example as opposed to a situation with no leader. This produces benefits also to the leaders but not enough to recover all the costs of taking a leading position.
Null Steering GPS Array in the Presence of Mutual Coupling

: A null steering GPS antenna array is designed in this paper. In the proposed method, the exact full wave antenna radiation properties with the effect of mutual couplings and nearby scatterers are considered to calculate the array steering vector, precisely. Although the proposed method is not constrained by the array geometry and the antenna element specifications, a five patch antenna elements with planar array geometry is designed and simulated as an anti jam GPS antenna example. The simulation results show the importance of the mutual coupling effects. Moreover, the results verify the proposed method ability to encounter with the multiple GPS jammer sources. Finally, the effect of jammer power is investigated which shown that the antenna performance is increased by jammer power enhancement.
Genetic mapping of autosomal recessive hypotrichosis locus (LAH3), to chromosome 13q14.11-q21.32, in a family from Balochistan

Hypotrichosis or alopecia is a medical term used for hair loss deformities i.e. disorders of hair follicles such as the ones occurring during hair formation and/or growth. Localized hereditary hypotrichosis is an autosomal recessive form of non-syndromic alopecia, and the clinical phenotype is sparse hair on the body and axillary areas and can affect both males and females. Till date, four loci for this type of hypotrichosis have been reported which are present on an autosomal chromosomes 18q12.1, 3q27.2, 13q14.11 and 10q12, respectively. Here we present an identified recurrent locus for autosomal recessive form of hypotrichosis, in a family from Lasbella district of Balochistan province, Pakistan. DNA samples from four normal and two affected individuals were used for genotyping and DNA assay with polymorphic microsatellite markers were tested for already identified loci. Analysis of DNA samples with DNA markers D13S153, D13S165 and D13S118, revealed that these markers were heterozygous in normal individuals and homozygous in affected individuals but it established linkage to previously known LAH3locus on chromosome 13q14.11.
Nymphaea alba var. rubra is a Hybrid of N. alba and N. odorata as Evidenced by Molecular Analysis

Sequencing signals of the biparentally inherited ITS marker and sequence matching of the chloroplast trnK intron, matK and rbcL gene of an Indian plant identified as Nymphaea alba var. rubra contradict its identity. Additional signals depicted in chromatograms of the ITS region and the exact match of the maternally inherited chloroplast DNA sequences suggest that the Indian material is a hybrid of N. alba and N. odorata. Molecular cloning techniques resulted in the isolation of ITS alleles from the putative hybrid with DNA sequences not exclusive of either of the parental species. Such allelic DNA sequences confirmed that hybridization between N. alba and N. odorata has occurred. Our DNA sequence analyses indicate this plant is an interspecific hybrid involving N. odorata as the maternal parent, and N. alba as the paternal parent.
DETECTION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN Pseudomonas aeruginosa ISOLATES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO METALLO Β-LACTAMASES FROM A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN WESTERN INDIA

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalised patients. The prevalence of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains including resistance to Carbapenems has been an increasing cause of concern. Hence this study was undertaken to know the resistance pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to various anti-pseudomonal antibiotics and also to detect Metallo β lactamase production in them. Methodology: Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from various clinical samples were tested. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was carried out by KirbyBauer method according to CLSI guidelines and detection of Metallo-β-lactamase production was carried out by Imipenem EDTA combined disc method. Results: 125 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested. The resistance pattern to various antibiotics wereAmikacin (18.4%), Gentamycin (63.2%), Netilmycin (32.8%), Ceftazidime (74.4%), Ciprofloxacin (60%), Imipenem (21.6%), Piperacillin (54.4%), Piperacillin+tazobactum (45.6%), Polymyxin-B (20%), Colistin (15.2%), Tobramycin (55.2%), Levofloxacin (41.6%), Carbenicillin (51.2%). 21.6% of the isolates were resistant to Imipenem and 6 out of 27 i.e 22.2% were positive for Metallo β lactamase production. Conclusions: Amikacin, Carbapenems, Colistin and Polymyxin are the main drugs to treat multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Metallo β lactamase detection has to be done to identify resistance to Carbapenems. Key wordsPseudomonas aeruginosa, Metallo β lactamases
From clouds to stars - Protostellar collapse and the evolution to the pre-main sequence I. Equations and evolution in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram

We present the first study of early stellar evolution with "cloud" initial conditions utilizing a system of equations that comprises a solar model solution. All previous studies of protostellar collapse either make numerous assumptions specifically tailored for different parts of the flow and different parts of the evolution or they do not reach the pre-main sequence phase. We calculate the pre-main sequence properties of marginally gravitationally unstable, isothermal, equilibrium "Bonnor-Ebert" spheres with an initial temperature of 10 K and masses of 0.05 to 10 M O . The mass accretion rate is determined by the solution of the flow equations rather than being prescribed or neglected. In our study we determine the protostar's radii and the thermal structure together with the mass and mass accretion rate, luminosity and effective temperature during its evolution to a stellar pre-main sequence object. We calculate the time needed to accrete the final stellar masses, the corresponding mean mass accretion rates and median luminosities, and the corresponding evolutionary tracks in the theoretical Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. We derive these quantities from the gas flow resulting from cloud collapse. We do not assume a value for an "initial' stellar radius and an "initial" stellar thermal structure at the "top of the track", the Hayashi-line or any other instant of the evolution. Instead we solve the flow equations for a cloud fragment with spherical symmetry. The system of equations we use contains the equations of stellar structure and evolution as a limiting case and has been tested by a standard solar model and by classical stellar pulsations (Wuchterl & Feuchtinger 1998; Feuchtinger 1999; Dorfi & Feuchtinger 1999). When dynamical accretion effects have become sufficiently small so that a comparison to existing hydrostatic stellar evolution calculations for corresponding masses can be made, young stars of 2 M O . appear close to the location of the Henyey part of the respective classical evolutionary track and at substantially larger ages for given luminosities than those inferred from previous calculations. I M O . stars appear at lower luminosities, to the left of the corresponding Hayashi-tracks and are about 1 Myr older than an a-priori hydrostatic stellar evolution model at the same luminosity. They burn most of their deuterium during the main accretion phase before mass accretion halts and they become visible. They do not become fully convective during the entire evolution calculated, i.e., up to 1.5 Myr. Altogether the structure of our solar mass star at 1 Myr, with its raditive core and convective envelope, resembles the present Sun rather then a fully convective object. Very low mass stars and proto brown dwarfs close to the substellar limit appear with luminosities close to those at the "top of the tracks", giving ages roughly in accordance with classical values, tentatively at 0.05 to 0.09 dex higher effective temperatures.
From Futures Markets to the Farm Gate: A Study of Price Formation along Tanzania’s Coffee Commodity Chain

abstract This article examines the nature of price formation and transmission in the Tanzanian coffee price chain. To date, research on the real-world processes of price formation has been scant in economic geography and extant literatures. This article addresses this by focusing on price formation in geographically distant but connected markets, and the interaction between global and local price dynamics. The article employs a new framework that builds on chain and network approaches by integrating concepts from marketization and institutional approaches. The study finds that the world price of coffee has become increasingly volatile as a result of the behavior of international coffee traders and broader shifts in the character of global capital accumulation. It also demonstrates the varying role domestic marketing and local-level institutions play in shaping price formation and cushioning Tanzanian producers from sudden price changes. Finally, the study highlights the role prices, via these local-level institutions, play in extenuating differentiation between producers, creating winners and losers.
Avaliação de empreendimentos habitacionais de interesse social com base na hierarquia de valor percebido pelo usuário

A avaliacao de empreendimentos tem grande importância no esforco de melhoria da habitacao de interesse social, podendo auxiliar na avaliacao de resultados, e identificacao de erros e acertos frente aos objetivos e acoes do projeto. No entanto, a diversidade e dinâmica de programas habitacionais e a falta de clareza nos objetivos dos empreendimentos podem dificultar o processo de avaliacao desse tipo de produto. Com frequencia, as avaliacoes realizadas nos empreendimentos de habitacao de interesse social tem como foco os atributos do produto, sem estabelecer uma conexao com os objetivos esperados. Neste artigo, propoe-se um modelo para estruturar as avaliacoes de empreendimentos habitacionais de interesse social, adotando uma hierarquia de valor que vincula os atributos as suas consequencias de uso e aos objetivos esperados. O modelo nao esta limitado a um programa habitacional especifico e parte da ideia de produto ampliado, ou seja, nao esta focado apenas no produto habitacao. As principais contribuicoes do estudo referem-se ao mapeamento do produto habitacional e a identificacao de influencias entre os atributos do produto avaliados e os resultados esperados pelos gestores e percebidos pelos usuarios.
Optimal Rates for Regression Coecients Heteroskedastic Binary Response Models

In this paper optimal rates of convergence for regression coecients in distribution free heteroskedastic binary response models is considered. The motivation for deriving these rates is based on the relation between a distribution free model with a conditional median restriction on the disturbance term and a heteroskedastic probit model discussed in Khan(2011). The main result in this note is that the optimal attainable rate for the regression coecients is the same in the two models.
Rapid assessment of mycotoxins in wine by on-line SPE-UHPLC-FLD

According to the latest statistics, grapes are one of the largest fruit crops worldwide. In this regard, it is important to consider all factors influencing quality of grapes and wine. In the last years, scientist focused on the study of mycotoxins that can influence the quality of wine. It is considered that toxins produced by moulds, causing significant economic losses, affect approximately one quarter of the world grape production. If the selective sorting of infected grapes is not done adequately, wine will present a major risk to consumers, mycotoxins being considered by the “International Agency for Cancer Research” a carcinogenic compound. The main mycotoxins monitored in this study come from Aspergillus sp. , and are represented by aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2 and ochratoxin A. This study purpose is to develop a faster method for the analysis of mycotoxins, in order to increase rapidity and efficiency for the evaluation of the degree of infestation in wine. The purposed method is using an on-line large volume injection coupled to pre-concentration of sample (SPE) which is directly transfer to the ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) column for separation and the detection by means of the fluorescence detector (FLD). As the maximum tolerated level for mycotoxins in wines is 2 ppm, this method is able to detect under this limits of quantification with RSD below 2%.
Growth Machines of Strategic Action Fields? Writing Development Strategies in North-Western Transylvanian Settlements as a Process of Institutionalization

Small Romanian towns and villages have been hit during post-communist transformations by massive loss of human and economic resources due to the vanishing of their industrial economies of reliance. My paper deals with holdbacks to the necessary planning and completion of actions dedicated to stopping the decline and ignition of durable development in such instances using the institutionalist framework of strategic action fields. Firstly, I argue that urban development coalitions can be framed as collective action; secondly, I look at several necessary ingredients of it that can explain the (non)emergence or the lack of effectiveness of development coalitions in small Romanian localities. On the basis of non-systematic personal observations from several North-Western Transylvanian small urban settlements and villages as well I discuss the main obstacles impeding the success of local development coalitions: local myths and the culture of powerlessness, deprived human resources, the actions of antidevelopment coalitions and defective leadership. Finally I propose that the exit from the vicious circle of anti- development conditions could start from considering the town as a community of practice in which learning should have a great role.
HE'S VARIATIONAL ITERATION METHOD FOR THE SOLUTION OF NONLINEAR NEWELL-WHITEHEAD-SEGEL EQUATION

In this paper, we apply He's Variational iteration method (VIM) for solving nonlinear Newell-Whitehead-Segel equation. By using this method three dierent cases of Newell-Whitehead-Segel equation have been discussed. Comparison of the obtained result with exact solutions shows that the method used is an eective and highly promising method for solving dierent cases of nonlinear Newell-Whitehead-Segel equation.
Prediction of slope stability using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system based on clustering methods

Slope stability analysis is an enduring research topic in the engineering and academic sectors. Accurate prediction of the factor of safety (FOS) of slopes, their stability, and their performance is not an easy task. In this work, the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was utilized to build an estimation model for the prediction of FOS. Three ANFIS models were implemented including grid partitioning (GP), subtractive clustering method (SCM), and fuzzy c-means clustering method (FCM). Several important parameters such as cohesion coefficient, internal angle of friction, slope height, slope angle, and unit weight of slope material were utilized as the input parameters, while FOS was used as the output parameter. A comparison was made between these three models, and the results obtained showed the superiority of the ANFIS-SCM model. Also performance of the ANFIS-SCM model was compared with multiple linear regression (MLR). The results obtained demonstrated the effectiveness of the ANFIS-SCM model.
Role of Remittance for Improving Quality of Life: Evidence from Bangladesh

Remittance is a considerable source to influence the national economy. As the growing volume of remittance earning has positive impact on income, growth and poverty reduction, the potential contribution for improving quality of life of the domestic people need to be investigated. The main objective of the study was to analyse the contribution of remittance earning on the quality of life in Bangladesh. For the quality of life, HDI index, extensively accepted index consisting income, education and life expectancy, is used. This study covers the data for HDI and remittance earning from 1981 to 2011. The study employed the VEC (Vector Error Correction) model to analysis the desired relation between the variables. The estimated result shows the long run causality running from remittance to HDI. This result implies that the remittance has an influence on the quality of living in long run. To improve the quality of life, the government have the better choice to emphasis on the bottom level people for emigration after suitable training so that they can earn more; consequently send more remittances to their home country.
Signaling pathways in a Citrus EST database

Citrus spp. are economically important crops, which in Brazil are grown mainly in the State of Sao Paulo. Citrus cultures are attacked by several pathogens, causing severe yield losses. In order to better understand this culture, the Millenium Project (IAC Cordeiropolis) was launched in order to sequence Citrus ESTs (expressed sequence tags) from different tissues, including leaf, bark, fruit, root and flower. Plants were submitted to biotic and abiotic stresses and investigated under different development stages (adult vs. juvenile). Several cDNA libraries were constructed and the sequences obtained formed the Citrus ESTs database with almost 200,000 sequences. Searches were performed in the Citrus database to investigate the presence of different signaling pathway components. Several of the genes involved in the signaling of sugar, calcium, cytokinin, plant hormones, inositol phosphate, MAPKinase and COP9 were found in the citrus genome and are discussed in this paper. The results obtained may indicate that similar mechanisms described in other plants, such as Arabidopsis, occur in citrus. Further experimental studies must be conducted in order to understand the different signaling pathways present.
Effects of Applying Linear and Nonlinear Filters on Tests for Unit Roots with Additive Outliers

Conventional univariate Dickey-Fuller tests tend to produce spurious stationarity when there exist additive outlying observations in the time series. Correct critical values are usually obtained by adding dummy variables to the Dickey-Fuller regression. This is a nice theoretical result but not attractive from the empirical point of view since almost any result can be obtained just by a convenient selection of dummy variables. In this paper we suggest a robust procedure based on running Dickey-Fuller tests on the trend component instead of the original series. We provide both finite-sample and large-sample justifications. Practical implementation is illustrated through an empirical example based on the US/Finland real exchange rate series.