Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
U.S. Billion-ton Update: Biomass Supply for a Bioenergy and Bioproducts Industry

The Report, Biomass as Feedstock for a Bioenergy and Bioproducts Industry: The Technical Feasibility of a Billion-Ton Annual Supply (generally referred to as the Billion-Ton Study or 2005 BTS), was an estimate of “potential” biomass within the contiguous United States based on numerous assumptions about current and future inventory and production capacity, availability, and technology. In the 2005 BTS, a strategic analysis was undertaken to determine if U.S. agriculture and forest resources have the capability to potentially produce at least one billion dry tons of biomass annually, in a sustainable manner—enough to displace approximately 30% of the country’s present petroleum consumption. To ensure reasonable confidence in the study results, an effort was made to use relatively conservative assumptions. However, for both agriculture and forestry, the resource potential was not restricted by price. That is, all identified biomass was potentially available, even though some potential feedstock would more than likely be too expensive to actually be economically available. In addition to updating the 2005 study, this report attempts to address a number of its shortcomings
Degeneracy and hysteresis in a bidisperse colloidal ice

We use numerical simulations to investigate the low-energy states of a bidisperse colloidal ice, realized by conﬁning two types of magnetic particles into double wells of different lengths. For this system, theoretical calculations predict a highly degenerate ground state where all the vertices with zero topological charge have equal energy. When raising the applied ﬁeld, we ﬁnd a re-entrant transition where the system passes from the initial disordered state to a low-energy one and then back to disorder for large interaction strengths. The transition is due to the particle localization on top of the central hill of the double wells, as revealed from the position distributions. When we decrease the applied ﬁeld, the system displays hysteresis in the fraction of low-energy vertices, and a small return point memory by cycling the applied ﬁeld.
Market-oriented new product development of functional beverages

Market-oriented new product development of functional beverages Author(s) Sorenson, Douglas J. Publication date 2006-01 Original citation Sorenson, D.J., 2006. Market-oriented new product development of functional beverages. PhD Thesis, University College Cork. Type of publication Doctoral thesis Link to publisher's version http://library.ucc. ie/record=b1552139~S0 Access to the full text of the published version may require a subscription. Rights © 2006, Douglas J. Sorenson http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
Instabilities diagnosis and the role of K in microwave circuits

Many papers and textbooks and the leading CAD (computer-aided design) packages state that a two-port is stable if and only if K>1 and mod Delta /sup s/ mod <1 (or an equivalent set of conditions). The authors point out that the stipulation that the statement is rigorous only if no poles of the unloaded circuit lie in the right half plane is sometimes overlooked by current microwave designers who rely on K and mod Delta /sup s/ mod for determining the stability of their designs. Two examples are presented to illustrate the limited role of K in determining the stability of microwave circuits. The first example is an amplifier which was designed and manufactured in MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) form and the other is a simple study model of a ring oscillator. Both circuits fulfill all the above conditions for all omega but nevertheless exhibit strong microwave oscillations. <<ETX>>
Odour impact of a waste management plant in the Barcelona area, characterised by VDI3940 field observations, Gaussian ISCST modelling and CALPUFF modelling.

From May 2006 to December 2006 an odour exposure study using field panel observations according to German standard EN3940 was carried out around an installation for reception and sorting of urban solid waste and treatment of the organic fraction using anaerobic digestion and composting, with a capacity of 240.000 tonnes of waste annually. The exposure study covered an area of 2000 × 4000 meters, including the residential area of Ripollet, the Can Salvatella industrial estate and a rural area with various animal production facilities. The results were compared with the German criteria for residential and industrial areas of 10% and 15% odour hours respectively. These criteria were exceeded in the vicinity of the installation, including part of the industrial area of Can Salvatella, but not exceeded in the residential area of Ripollet. The odour impact was also modelled using dispersion modelling. Two models were applied, ISCST as an example of the more traditional Gaussian plume model and CALPUFF in 3 dimensional mode as an example of more advanced modelling. The meteorology in the area is challenging, from the modelling point of view, with frequent calms and low wind velocities, combined with a pronounced day/night circulation pattern. The results of the three methods of odour impact assessment are applied and the model results are compared and validated against the observed odour frequencies over the six month period of the study. The Gaussian ISCST model proved to be unable to effectively predict the odour footprint as determined by direct field observations of exposure, overestimating the distance of impact substantially in the direction of prevailing winds. The CALPUFF model in 3D mode did predict the area of measurable odour hour frequencies quite well. The 98 percentile for 3 ouE·m-3 appears to be a bit more restrictive than the German <10% odour hours criterion applied in German regulation.
Multiple Model Soft Sensor Based on Affinity Propagation, Gaussian Process and Bayesian Committee Machine

介绍是一个多重模型基于亲密关系，繁殖(AP ) ， Gaussian 过程(GP ) 和贝叶斯的委员会用机器制造的软察觉到方法(BCM ) 。 聚类算术的 AP 被用来根据他们的操作的点聚类训练样品。 然后，亚模型被 Gaussian 过程回归(GPR ) 估计。 最后，以便得到全球概率的预言，贝叶斯的委员会机器被用来联合亚评估者的产量。 建议方法被使用了在氢化裂解器分馏器预言轻石油结束点。 实际应用显示它为在化学过程监视的质量的联机预言是有用的。
Theoretical Understanding of the Linear Relationship between Convective Updrafts and Cloud-Base Height for Shallow Cumulus Clouds. Part I: Maritime Conditions

Zheng and Rosenfeld found linear relationships between the convective updrafts and cloud-base height zb using ground-based observations over both land and ocean. The empirical relationships allow for a novel satellite remote sensing technique of inferring the cloud-base updrafts and cloud condensation nuclei concentration, both of which are important for understanding aerosol–cloud–climate interactions but have been notoriously difficult to retrieve from space. In Part I of a two-part study, a theoretical framework is established for understanding this empirical relationship over the ocean. Part II deals with continental cumulus clouds. Using the bulk concept of mixed-layer (ML) model for shallow cumulus, I found that this relationship arises from the conservation law of energetics that requires the radiative flux divergence of an ML to balance surface buoyancy flux. Given a certain ML radiative cooling rate per unit mass Q, a deeper ML (higher zb) undergoes more radiative cooling and requires stronger surface buoyancy flux to balance it, leading to stronger updrafts. The rate with which the updrafts vary with zb is modulated by Q. The cooling rate Q manifests strong resilience to external large-scale forcing that spans a wide range of climatology, allowing the slope of the updrafts–zb relationship to remain nearly invariant. This causes the relationship to manifest linearity. The physical mechanism underlying the resilience of Q to large-scale forcing, such as free-tropospheric moisture and sea surface temperature, is investigated through the lens of the radiative transfer theory (two-stream Schwarzschild equations) and an ML model for shallow cumulus.
A hybrid quality function deployment and cybernetic analytic network process model for project manager selection

Identifying appropriate decision criteria and making optimal decisions in a structured way is a complex process. This paper presents an approach for doing this in the form of a hybrid Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Cybernetic Analytic Network Process (CANP) model for project manager selection. This involves the use of QFD to translate the owner's project management expectations into selection criteria and the CANP to weight the expectations and selection criteria. The supermatrix approach then prioritises the candidates with respect to the overall decision-making goal. A case study is used to demonstrate the use of the model in selecting a renovation project manager. This involves the development of 18 selection criteria in response to the owner's three main expectations of time, cost and quality.
Comparative analysis of LMFBR licensing in the United States and other countries - notably France. Executive summary

The safety-related design aspects and licensing experiences of LMFBR projects in other democratic countries have been studied and contrasted to those in the United States in order to understand the importance of different approaches to safety, and also to understand better the system of the United States. The regulatory systems and LMFBR programs of France and the United States are contrasted in detail, and that of West Germany is also studied. The programs of Japan and the United Kingdom receive considerably less attention, and that of the Soviet Union is ignored.
Eliminating multi-aberrations in optical imaging systems with scattering media

In order to achieve global optimization in conventional optical imaging systems, complex optical design is required to eliminate various aberrations simultaneously. Imaging through scattering media can be achieved by the speckle autocorrelation method based on optical memory effect in a single-shot non-invasive way. By adding a scattering medium to the imaging system, multi-aberrations can be eliminated simultaneously. As an example, in a simple optical imaging system with spatially incoherent illumination, a ground glass plate is placed between the lens and the camera as a scattering medium. Finally, multi-aberrations such as spherical aberration, coma aberration and chromatic aberration are eliminated at the same time. Therefore, scattering media can be used as a tool to optimize optical imaging systems.
Ambient Intelligence: A Novel Paradigm

Ambient Intelligence (AmI) is an integrating technology for supporting a pervasive and transparent infrastructure for implementing smart environments. Such technology is used to enable environments for detecting events and behaviors of people and for responding in a contextually relevant fashion. AmI proposes a multi-disciplinary approach for enhancing human machine interaction. Ambient Intelligence: A Novel Paradigm is a compilation of edited chapters describing current state-of-the-art and new research techniques including those related to intelligent visual monitoring, face and speech recognition, innovative education methods, as well as smart and cognitive environments. The authors start with a description of the iDorm as an example of a smart environment conforming to the AmI paradigm, and introduces computer vision as an important component of the system. Other computer vision examples describe visual monitoring for the elderly, classic and novel surveillance techniques using clusters of cameras installed in indoor and outdoor application domains, and the monitoring of public spaces. Face and speech recognition systems are also covered as well as enhanced LEGO blocks for novel educational purposes. The book closes with a provocative chapter on how a cybernetic system can be designed as the backbone of a human machine interaction.
Effects of mechanical and flow properties of encapsulating resin on the performance of ultra thin tape carrier package

A new ultra thin tape carrier package (TCP) for memory card was developed to meet demands for smaller and thinner TSOP. The thickness of package and Si chip are 0.4 and 0.2 mm, respectively. In order to achieve thin packages, the technology of tape automated bonding (TAB) is required. Nitto's transfer molding technology is used to obtain the same level of both reliability and conventional reflow solderability as those of other surface mount devices (SMDs). The upper and side surface of the Si chip are encapsulated with resin, but the bottom surface is still exposed. In this paper, four kinds of epoxy encapsulating resins with different filler volume fractions were prepared to obtain various mechanical and flow properties. The effects of the coefficient of thermal expansion and viscosity of the encapsulating resin on the performance of the new ultra thin packages are studied. <<ETX>>
Initial Impacts of COVID-19 on Sex Life and Relationship Quality in Steady Relationships in Britain: Findings from a Large, Quasi-representative Survey (Natsal-COVID)

ABSTRACT Intimate relationships are ubiquitous and exert a strong influence on health. Widespread disruption to them may impact wellbeing at a population level. We investigated the extent to which the first COVID-19 lockdown (March 2020) affected steady relationships in Britain. In total, 6,654 participants aged 18–59 years completed a web-panel survey (July–August 2020). Quasi-representativeness was achieved via quota sampling and weighting. We explored changes in sex life and relationship quality among participants in steady relationships (n = 4,271) by age, gender, and cohabitation status, and examined factors associated with deterioration to a lower-quality relationship. A total of 64.2% of participants were in a steady relationship (of whom 88.9% were cohabiting). A total of 22.1% perceived no change in their sex-life quality, and 59.5% no change in their relationship quality. Among those perceiving change, sex-life quality was more commonly reported to decrease and relationship quality to improve. There was significant variation by age; less often by gender or cohabitation. Overall, 10.6% reported sexual difficulties that started/worsened during lockdown. In total, 6.9% reported deterioration to a ”lower quality” relationship, more commonly those: aged 18–24 and aged 35–44; not living with partner (women only); and reporting depression/anxiety and decrease in sex-life quality. In conclusion, intimate relationship quality is yet another way in which COVID-19 has led to divergence in experience.
CARNet: Context Attention Refine Network for Semantic Segmentation

Recent works in semantic segmentation have focused on exploiting richer context through attention mechanisms or multi-scale fusion. Most of them ignore the low-level details, which greatly improve the recognition of pixels in the edge of the object. In this paper, we improve the quality of feature maps from two aspects: muti-level features fusion and global context encoding. A Context Attention Unit (CAU) is proposed to aggregate context information. The CAU utilizes self-attention model to enhance the semantic representation of high-level features. To make effective use of the different characteristics of multi-level feature maps, we further present a Gated Fuse Unit (GFU). A gate is calculated to control the information transfer of the feature maps of the adjacent layers. Base on these two units, a network with encoder-decoder structure is designed to gradually refine the feature map. Then the refined feature map generates the final segmentation prediction. We conduct extensive experiments on popular semantic segmentation benchmarks including Cityscapes and PASCAL VOC, which shows the effectiveness of our method.
A 3D Head Tracker for an Automatic Lipreading System

A real world automatic lip reading system must be able to cope with movement of the speaker’s head during operation. The observed mouth shape depends not only on the true shape of the mouth, but also the angle at which the mouth is viewed. As the speaker’s head moves and rotates the viewing angle changes. The resulting distortion can lead to inaccurate mouth measurement and incorrect phoneme recognition. We have developed a system that robustly measures the dimensions of a speaker’s mouth whilst the speaker’s head is moving and exhibiting rotations of up to 30 degrees away from the camera. Our system tracks the pose of the speaker’s head in 3D, detects the mouth by tracking unadorned lip contours and estimates the 3D locations of the upper and lower lip edges and the mouth corners. The system is demonstrated on a person speaking whilst moving his head in 3D, and the mouth height and width are corrected over 9 seconds of 25Hz video footage.
Neural Networks Based Approach to Enhance Space Hardware Reliability

This paper demonstrates the use of Neural Networks as a device modeling tool to increase the reliability analysis accuracy of circuits targeted for space applications. The paper tackles a number of case studies of relevance to the design of Flight hardware. The results show that the proposed technique generates more accurate models than the ones regularly used to model circuits.
A women’s perspective on premenstrual syndrome: a qualitative interview study

BMWH-D-18-00422 A women’s perspective on premenstrual syndrome: a qualitative interview study Abstract Background: Women who present with Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) to healthcare professionals experience a lot of problems on their psychosocial functioning. Little is known however about the influence of PMS on the daily life of women in the general population. The aim of the present study is to improve our understanding of the perspective of women with PMS in the general population. Methods: We recruited women with PMS via local newspapers and social media. We performed semi-structured interviews. Results: We interviewed twenty women between 27 and 49 years of age. Physical and in particular psychological symptoms of PMS have a strong influence on the quality of life of women. Three themes emerged from our analysis. Women mentioned disturbance in their preferred roles of being a good mother and wife; experienced PMS as a life controlling condition and they used active and passive coping strategies with different expectations of healthcare. Conclusion: The symptoms of PMS affect women at the level of their social role of femininity. These women are in need of acknowledgement and support as well from family and friends as from healthcare providers. Word count: 3772 (abstract 211) Keywords: Premenstrual Syndrome, Women’s Health, Social Role, Femininity, Interview, Coping, Acknowledgement
Supercapacitor Properties Under Changing Load

Abstract This paper presents the results of analyses of the series resonance phenomenon in a system containing supercapacitors. The specific features of such components, especially the diffusion processes, cause their dynamic properties significantly differ from those of typical capacitors. In contrast to other authors work, the presented results were obtained during discharging of super-capacitors through periodically changing resistor. Such procedure corresponds to conditions when supercapacitors can be discharged by periodically changing loads. Analysis of resonance phenomena is a very important task; especially in power supply circuits, where supercapacitors often act as energy storage elements. The tests carried out for selected supercapacitors and frequencies range were verified practically using a specially prepared test system.
MOM: Media & Observation Module

This paper describes the design of a Media and Observation Module (MOM) for a future space orbital facility. MOM is based upon the idea that media operations can coexist with some of the station’s primary operations through design interventions. MOM would take the place of a space cupola, supporting stationkeeping and observational operations while meeting media and commercial goals of the orbital facility. Advanced wearable technologies in display, sensing, and control are being proposed as the means to integrate seemingly opposing operations within MOM. The paper provides a general summary of these technologies. In addition to designing the technological and environmental subsystems of MOM, the author conducts systematic analyses, including an evaluation of all target operations based on their human, operational, and technological requirements. These analyses generate design concepts for both the module exterior and interior, and provide insights into a technologically augmented operational environment that improves upon the way astronauts work and live in space.
Sensorless Vector Control for Non-salient Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors using Programmable Low Pass Filter

This paper proposes the sensorless vector control scheme of a Non-salient permanent-magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) using programmable low pass filter (PLPF) to estimate a stator flux with the information of a rotor position and speed. The sesorless vector control of PMSM using PLPF can solves the dc drift problem associated with a pure integrator and a LPF. Also, the PLPF has the phase and gain compensator to estimate exactly rotor position and speed. Therefore, the information of a position and speed is exactly estimated because the drift and offset problems are solved by the PLPF. The experimental results show good performance over the 10[%] of the rated speed and under load condition.
High performance approach for water level forecasting in Yom River basin of Thailand

Analyses of average monthly water level (AMWL) time series (April 2007 March 2020) at four water level measurement stations (Y.31, Y.20, Y.1C, Y.37) for wet and dry seasons in the Yom River basin of Thailand. Using Box-Jenkins method, eight best-fit seasonal ARIMA models for one hydrological year forecasting for wet and dry seasons of AMWL were selected; among from twenty-four possible models, by minimum values of AIC, SBIC RMSE, and MAPE. Besides, The comparisons with two benchmark models, Holt-Winters’ Seasonal additive method, and Seasonal Naïve method were applied. Results indicated that: The four selected SARIMA models for wet seasons of Y.31, Y20, Y1C, and Y.37 are SARIMA(1,1,1)(1,0,0)[6], SARIMA(1,1,1)(1,0,0)[6], SARIMA(1,1,2)(1,0,0)[6], and SARIMA(1,1,1)(1,0,0)[6], respectively. While the models for dry seasons are SARIMA(0,1,1)(2,0,0)[6], SARIMA(1,1,1)(1,0,1)[6], SARIMA(1,1,1)(2,0,0)[6], and SARIMA(1,0,0)(1,0,1)[6]. The forecasting performance 3103 WATER LEVEL FORECASTING IN YOM RIVER BASIN OF THAILAND are the minimum values of RMSE and MAPE between SARIMA and the benchmark models. The SARIMA model is the best approach for Y.31 Station [Wet Season], Y.31 Station [Dry Season], and Y.37 Station [Dry Season], while the best method for Y.20 Station [Wet Season], Y.1C Station [Wet Season], Y.37 Station [Wet Season], Y.20 Station [Dry Season], and Y.1C Station [Dry Season] is Holt-Winters’ seasonal additive method. The upstream station (Y.31 station) has higher accuracy than the downstream station (Y.37 station) due to human activities that disturb hydrological changes. Furthermore, the dry season forecasting is more accurate than the wet season.
A New Audio Postproduction Tool for Speech Dereverberation

This paper proposes a new audio post-production tool for speech dereverberation that utilizes our previously proposed method. In previous studies, we proposed a single-channel dereverberation method as preprocessing of automatic speech recognition and reported its good performance. This paper focuses more on the improvement of the audible quality of the dereverberated signals. To achieve good dereverberation with less audible artifacts, the previously proposed dereverberation method is combined with post-processing that implicitly considers the perceptual masking property. The system has three adjustable parameters for controlling audible quality. With an informal evaluation, we found that the proposed tool allows the professional audio engineers to dereverberate a set of reverberant recordings efficiently.