Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research

A method that involved the gravimetric measurement of the amounts of feed protein B2 (feed protein that is insoluble in borate phosphate buffer but soluble in neutral detergent solution) and protein B3 (feed protein that is insoluble in neutral detergent solution but soluble in acid detergent solution) that remain after each in situ incubation period, was used to obtain the degradation rates of these protein pools in six different feeds. These degradation rates were then compared with degradation rates provided by the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System for nominally similar feeds in order to establish the extent of agreement between these sets of data. Curve peeling technique was also used on the in situ results of this experiment to generate degradation rates for comparison with the gravimetric and the Cornell values. The study showed that the gravimetric, the curve peeling and the Cornell values were not statistically different for the degradation rates of protein B2 even though the gravimetric estimates were the highest followed by curve peeling and then the Cornell values. For protein B3, the degradation rate estimated with the gravimetric method was highest followed by the curve peeling method and then the Cornell values (P<0.01). The degradation rates assigned to protein B3 in the Cornell databank needs reexamination. There is a need for further application of the gravimetric technique to establish if it gives higher estimates of the degradation rates of proteins B2 and B3 in a range of feedstuffs.
Interfacial protein networks and their impact on droplet breakup

Conventional theories for predicting droplet disruption are based on a dimensionless capillary number and fail when a protein emulsifier is present at moderate concentration. In this study, droplet disruption is examined in simple shear and, in parallel, novel equipment is used to define conditions under which an interfacial stress-transmitting protein network forms at an oil/water interface. Capillary number predictions fail when a rigid interfacial protein network forms. Complete stress-strain curves, to high material deformation, are presented for these networks. This work demonstrates that droplets destabilized by interfacially adsorbed protein should be viewed as deformable capsules or cells surrounded by a stress-transmitting network. Deformation and disruption could then be predicted by existing theories for such systems, using the constitutive data provided by the stress-strain tests. Such an approach is expected to be superior to existing methods based solely on interfacial energy.
Classification of 12 Lead ECG Signal Using 1D-Convolutional Neural Network With Class Dependent Threshold

The goal of the proposed work is to classify the ECG signals into 24 different classes using the data obtained from the 12 Lead ECG signal. As part of the Phys-ioNetlComputing in Cardiology Challenge 2020, an approach based on 1 Dimensional - Convolutional Neural Network (1D-CNN) with class dependent threshold was developed for identifying cardiac abnormalities from 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). The method uses 1D-CNNs stacked in parallel with each CNN tuned to identify one of the classes. Each of these CNNs have same architecture comprising of convolutional layers, batch normalizations, activation layers and a dense layer with added regularizations and dropouts. The class dependent threshold gives the benefit of optimizing the model for each of the class individually without the need of training separate models for each category. This property of the network makes it ideal for real time setup where one inference run of this model is sufficient for multi-label and multi-class classification. The class dependent thresholds were chosen based on the ROC curve for each of the class respectively. Our approach achieved a challenge validation score of 0.342, andfull test score of 0.077, placing our team (AI Strollers) 32 out of 41 in the official ranking.
Constituents of the Essential Oil and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts of Achillea eriophora from Iran

Abstract The genus Achillea belongs to the Compositae (Asteraceae) family. The essential oil of air-dried aerial parts of Achillea eriophora, an endemic taxon in Iran, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. The oil yield was 0.2 % (v/w). GC-MS analysis of the oil revealed 33 constituents. The most abundant components were oxygenated monoterpenes (87.35 %) represented principally by camphor (21.56 %). In this study the antioxidant activity of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of aerial parts of A. eriophora was evaluated for the first time by DPPH method which showed IC values of 89.3 and 245.2 µg/ml respectively.
Computational Studies on the Factors Influencing Stabilities of Collagen-like Peptides

In this study, thermodynamic integration and molecular dynamics methods were used to elucidate the factors affecting stabilities of collagen-like peptides. We proposed to investigate three specific aspects: (1) the stabilizing effect of hydroxyproline (Hyp), (2) the destabilizing effect of replacing Gly, and (3) the role of water mediated hydrogen bonds. A better understanding of the origins of the stabilities of collagens will help in the design of new biomaterials and the treatment of collagen-related diseases. Thesis Supervisor: Bernhardt L. Trout Title: Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering
Identification, synthèse et caractérisation de phases tétraédrites pour la conversion d’énergie par effets thermoélectriques

Les materiaux tetraedrites de formule chimique [(Cu,Ag)10(Zn,Fe)2(Sb,As)4S13] sont des roches naturelles particulierement abondantes sur Terre appartenant a la famille des sels sulfures. Longtemps etudiees du point de vue structural et pour leur composition, ce n’est que recemment qu’ils ont suscite un interet pour la thermoelectricite en raison de leur tres faible conductivite thermique. Afin d’etudier les performances de ces materiaux en terme de conversion d’energie, les travaux de cette these ont consiste a les synthetiser par metallurgie des poudres puis a mesurer leurs proprietes thermoelectriques aussi bien a basse temperature (2 – 300 K) pour identifier les mecanismes microscopiques qui gouvernent les proprietes de transport qu’a haute temperature (300 – 700 K) pour determiner leur domaine d’application optimal. L’etude de leur homogeneite chimique et de leur stabilite thermique a permis de confirmer l’existence d’une transition structurale pour certaines compositions menant a la separation de phases lors du refroidissement, mecanisme connu en mineralogie et en geologie sous le terme d’exsolution. Celui-ci peut etre responsable d’une modification des proprietes de transport et notamment d’une diminution de la conductivite thermique de l’ordre de 50%. De nombreuses substitutions ont ete entreprises afin de tenter d’optimiser les performances de ces composes. Les materiaux tetraedrites presentent un caractere metallique qui evolue vers un etat semi-conducteur selon la nature de l’element en substitution et de sa concentration. D’autre part, une etude detaillee des proprietes thermiques de ces materiaux par diffusion inelastique des neutrons a permis de determiner l’origine microscopique des tres faibles valeurs de conductivite thermique observees dans ces materiaux
PREDICTION OF WET-BULB GLOBE TEMPERATURES IN ALUMINUM SMELTERS

The wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) is the heat stress index commonly used to evaluated heat exposure in the work-place. Presently, the heat exposure in aluminum smelters can only be measured after the start-up of the process, because no reliable method exists for its prediction during the design stage. In this study, a method is outlined that can predict the WBGT in cell rooms of aluminum smelters. The method is based on a fundamental approach using a radiation analysis of a prebake cell room and a heat transfer analysis of the WBGT instruments. The method was validated against plant measurements over a wide range of WBGT values. The difference between observed and predicted values of the area WBGT was less than 3%. Thus, heat exposure may be evaluated during the design stage of a smelter and appropriate steps may be taken to improve the design, if necessary.
Hybrid mold reversal imprint for three-dimensional and selective patterning

Three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures are needed in many applications including sensors, actuators, and microanalysis systems. In this work, a novel technology combining UV lithography, hybrid mold, and reversal imprint for fabricating 3D structures is developed. A hybrid mold made from quartz is used. The mold has structures patterned by lithography and dry etching. The quartz mold also has selected patterns formed by 50nm thick Cr. A layer of UV definable SU-8 polymer is spin coated onto the hybrid mold and patterned by optical lithography. The mold with the patterned SU-8 layer and no residue is then transferred to a substrate with topography by reversal imprint with temperatures as low as 50°C and pressures of nominally 2MPa. Depending on the dimensions of patterns on the mold compared to the ones on the substrate and the imprint pressure, patterns can be selectively transferred to substrates through reversal imprint. This technology greatly simplifies the fabrication process and provides more flexibi.
Light‐emitting diodes fabricated on nanopatterned sapphire substrates by thermal lithography

GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were fabricated on nanopatterned sapphire substrates (nano-PSSs) by thermal lithography with laser irradiation. The characteristics of the LEDs were measured by X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The crystalline qualities of the LEDs deteriorated with the shortening of the nanopattern periods. The nucleation of GaN was initiated from the nanopatterns, which increased the number of grain boundaries. The output power of the LEDs on the nano-PSSs with a diameter of 200 nm and 500 nm periods was 70% higher than that on flat sapphire substrate. (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
IN SlTU ESTIMATION OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOCHROME ALONG THE AXIS OF THE ACTINIC BEAM

Non‐stationary photoconversions of the two forms of the photochromic sensory plant pigment phytochrome are theoretically analyzed. It is shown that from actual in situ measurements of changes of absorbances caused by these photoconversions in a sequence of exposures to actinic light, one can calculate the spatial distribution of phytochrome along the path of the actinic beam.
Hierarchical, Grid-Aware, and Economically Optimal Coordination of Distributed Energy Resources in Realistic Distribution Systems

Renewable portfolio standards are targeting high levels of variable solar photovoltaics (PV) in electric distribution systems, which makes reliability more challenging to maintain for distribution system operators (DSOs). Distributed energy resources (DERs), including smart, connected appliances and PV inverters, represent responsive grid resources that can provide flexibility to support the DSO in actively managing their networks to facilitate reliability under extreme levels of solar PV. This flexibility can also be used to optimize system operations with respect to economic signals from wholesale energy and ancillary service markets. Here, we present a novel hierarchical scheme that actively controls behind-the-meter DERs to reliably manage each unbalanced distribution feeder and exploits the available flexibility to ensure reliable operation and economically optimizes the entire distribution network. Each layer of the scheme employs advanced optimization methods at different timescales to ensure that the system operates within both grid and device limits. The hierarchy is validated in a large-scale realistic simulation based on data from the industry. Simulation results show that coordination of flexibility improves both system reliability and economics, and enables greater penetration of solar PV. Discussion is also provided on the practical viability of the required communications and controls to implement the presented scheme within a large DSO.
CULTIVATED AREA CHARACTERISTICS ON WONDERFUL POMEGRANATE FRUITS QUALITY UNDER COLD STORAGE CONDITIONS

Pomegranate has been traditionally cultivated since ancient times under diverse agro-climatic conditions and its fruit is one of the high valued crops. This experiment was carried out during two successive seasons of 2017 and 2018 in order to evaluate the effect of Beheira and Minya climate, water and soil conditions on the physico-chemical properties of Wonderful pomegranate fruits under cold storage conditions (5±1°C with 85-90% RH) for 5 months. Fruit weight, volume, length, and diameter, skin and total aril weight, juice weight and color parameters, of skin, aril and juice were measured. Fruits were also analyzed for soluble solids content (TSS), total acidity (TA), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and total anthocyanin. The obtained results cleared that pomegranate fruit cv. Wonderful produced at Beheira had better physical properties than at Minya location throughout storage period. Minya location was superior in chemical parameters especially total acidity, TSS/acidity and total anthocyanin content. In addition, fruits of wonderful pomegranate had higher gradual increment brightness red color effect of lightness and Chroma in all fruit parts (skin, aril and juice) compared with its values at harvest. Meanwhile, hue angle color parameter cleared a noticeable reduction trend throughout cold storage period. Generally, Minya location had better color appearance of pomegranate fruits than Beheira area especially in aril and juice color and chemical quality characteristics. Total solar radiation, mean minimum temperature, RH increased with increase in TSS, Acidity and vitamin C content at Beheira location, whereas, the opposite was trend in the second location (Minya). Also, results noticed that increasing ETo lead to increase of TSS/Acidity ratio and total anthocyanin.
Geometrical representation of coherence transfer selection by pulsed field gradients in high‐resolution nuclear magnetic resonance

A formalism for the calculation of suitable sequences of pulsed field gradients for signal selection in high‐resolution NMR spectroscopy is presented. It is based on a geometrical interpretation of coherence transfer pathway selection by pulsed field gradients. The formalism allows the calculation of the suppression rates for undesired pathways and the determination of the most efficient sequence of pulsed field gradients. As an example, sequences for multiplicity filtered 13C/1H correlation experiments are calculated and analyzed.
Scenario Analysis of the Impact on Drinking Water Intakes from Bromide in the Discharge of Treated Oil and Gas Wastewater

AbstractElevated levels of bromide have been shown to contribute to increased formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Both produced water from unconventional oil and gas wells, which are hydraulically fractured using high volumes of fluids, and produced water from conventional oil and gas wells, which are also typically hydraulically fractured but with lower volumes of fluids, can contain high levels of bromide. If these produced waters are treated in conventional commercial wastewater treatment plants, bromide may not be removed from the effluent and is discharged to receiving water bodies. Elevated bromide levels at drinking water plant intakes is a concern for public health reasons if elevated bromide levels cause elevated levels of DBPs. This study used data from commercial wastewater treatment plants and river flow data in western Pennsylvania to construct generic discharge scenarios that illustrate the potential impacts from disposal of five classes of water that were developed from flowback an.
Clarification of Clean-Bed Filtration Models

Clean-bed filtration models are frequently used to make engineering calculations on aquasol removal in filters. They consist of a filtration equation, derived from a mass balance around a collector, a single-collector collision efficiency, and an empirically derived sticking coefficient. In order to be correctly applied and referenced, the two most commonly used models, the Yao model and the Rajagopalan and Tien (RT) model, require additional clarification. The filtration equation used in the Yao model has a different form than that of an aerosol counterpart due to assumptions made in choosing a reference velocity in the system. The RT model, as originally published, had variables hidden within constants and contained typographic errors. In this paper we identify the differences in the Yao and aerosol filtration model derivations, correctly present the RT model, and compare model predictions with particle removals reported in laboratory columns.
Cellulose grafting by photoinduced controlled radical polymerisation

The photoinduced controlled radical polymerisation (CRP) technique has been utilised to graft methyl acrylate (MA) and di(ethylene glycol) ethyl ether acrylate (DEGA) from filter paper. Grafting of MA was performed from α-bromoisobutyryl bromide functionalised papers. The amount of polymer grafted on the surface could be regulated by modifying the target DP of the reaction. SEC of cleaved linear polymer grafts showed that the grafting from filter papers proceeded with different kinetics compared to polymerisation from a free initiator added to the reaction mixture, resulting in higher dispersity. Furthermore, filter papers were polymerised with α-chloro-e-caprolactone by surface-initiated ring opening polymerisation, yielding linear grafts containing initiating functions through-out the main chain. This functionality was subsequently utilised for the photoinduced CRP grafting of DEGA, yielding a graft-on-graft structure, which resulted in a thermoresponsive cellulose surface.
Precision spectroscopy and optomechanics of single trapped ions in the weak-binding limit

This thesis reports on experiments with single ions stored in radio frequency traps in the limit of unresolved motional sidebands. The main result is the idea, theory and experimental demonstration of a new spectroscopy method for ions in the weak-binding limit. By virtue of sympathetic cooling of a chain of ions and spatially resolved detection, strong dipole transitions can be measured with unprecedented accuracy. To demonstrate the method, the absolute frequency of an astrophysically relevant transition in single magnesium ions was measured. The accuracy of the line center presents a nearly 400fold improvement over previous results. This is the first demonstration of an accuracy exceeding 1 % of the linewidth in this regime (0.4 %) as required for demanding applications such as in nuclear physics. Furthermore, the suitability of the approach for precision measurements of the linewidth and thus the lifetime of the excited state could be demonstrated. The results are only limited by the large linewidth of the dye laser used, not by the method, and both theory and the experiment indicate that significant improvements are possible, promising accuracies on the level of 10−4 of the linewidth and below. As a new method enabling orders of magnitude greater accuracy in a previously hardly explored regime, widespread applications are expected, ranging from laboratory astrophysics to nuclear physics and atomic physics. A second set of experiments explores the optomechanical interaction of light with weakly bound ions and studies a single ion interacting with two laser beams. Despite its simplicity this system shows a surprising wealth of interesting phenomena. Under certain conditions the ion constitutes a regenerative oscillator, that is, a laser-like system with a threshold and saturable gain. Moreover, bistability and hysteresis were observed. A theoretical framework is developed that describes all the observed phenomena remarkably accurate and with no adjustable parameters. Furthermore, the theoretical study of this “single ion regenerative oscillator” elucidates the mechanism of a technique wide-spread in the ion trapping community, the so-called optical secular scan. Finally, the status of a very promising ongoing project is summarized: Precision spectroscopy of the 1S-2S transition in trapped He+ ions. This transition lies deep in the extreme ultraviolet near 61 nm and is thus experimentally challenging but will allow to uniquely test the theory of bound state QED. Both a detailed study of the feasibility is presented as well as important experimental milestones that have been achieved so far. The entire apparatus used for these experiments was developed and built as part of this thesis.
The Impact of Federal Reserve's Conventional and Unconventional Monetary Policies on Equity Prices

I estimate the effects of the Federal Reserve’s forward guidance and large-scale asset purchases, along with the effects of interest rate changes under conventional policy, on the U.S. equity market, and assess the reasons for stock price responses. Although the overall stock market respond meaningfully to a surprise change in the federal funds rate with a high level of statistical significance, a heterogeneity in responses is observed among different sectors in the stock market. In contrast, forward guidance is found to have relatively homogeneous effects on sector-wise stock market performance. Such effects are large in magnitude and highly statistically significant. However, large-scale asset purchases exhibit minimal effects on equity price movements. The present value of future excess returns emerged as the most important channel through which the surprise changes in the federal funds rate as well as forward guidance and large-scale asset purchases affect current equity prices. The present value of future dividends and the real interest rates are found to make minor contributions the propagation of policy shocks. However, the relative contribution of future dividends, real interest rates and excess returns vary across sectors.
Reaction-driven Ion Exchange of Copper into Zeolite SSZ-13

We have used several techniques to characterize Cu-SSZ-13 before and after exposure to reaction conditions relevant for NO reduction by NH3-SCR to address the increase in NH3-SCR activity observed as a function of time on stream. Specifically, we focus on characterizing copper species in samples prepared with solid state ion exchange (SSIE) having varying Cu loadings from 0.7 to 5.2 wt %. X-ray diffraction shows that CuO species that likely remain from the SSIE synthesis on the outside of the zeolite crystallites are significantly reduced by exposure to reaction conditions. High-resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD) further reveals a corresponding increase of Cu2O species. X-ray photoelectron, Auger electron, and ultraviolet -visible spectroscopy show an increase in both Cu(II) and Cu(I) species inside the zeolite pores, with a preserved long-range order of the zeolite structure as revealed by HR-XRD.