Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical and Pharmacological evaluation of hibiscus hispidissimus griff

To assess phytochemical with pharmacological studies of Hibiscus hispidissimus griff belong to family malavaceae. Preliminary phytochemical analysis reveals the presence of steroids, triterpenes, saponins, steroidal saponins and phenols. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial with antioxidant action were performed on aerial parts of methanolic extract of Hibiscus hispidissimus. Invitro antioxidant activity was performed by 2, 2 -diphenyl- 1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, hydroxy radical scavenging method and superoxide radical scavenging activity.The results of invitro antioxidant study reveal that % inhibition of H. hispidissimus was higher compared to ascorbic acid. Anti-inflammatory studies were performed using carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema animal model, for anti-inflammatory studies, the extracts were compared with standards like indomethacin, and it shows a remarkable zone of inhibition ranging from 58.97 to 71.73 respectively. The anti-bacterial and antifungal activity of plant extracts were studied for the occurrence of inhibition zones. The activity was performed by the cup plate method. Ethanolic extract of H. Hispidissimus shows significant anti-bacterial effect against S. Aureus, B. Subtilis, P. Vulgaris and E. coli using ciprofloxacin (50µg/ml) as standard.The extracts show remarkable inhibition of zone of inhibition, and results were compared with that of standard drugs against the organism tested. In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of H. hispidissimus shows significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties.
Spatiotemporal Change of Urban Sprawl Patterns in Bamako District in Mali Based on Time Series Analysis

For decades, urban sprawl has remained a major challenge for big cities in developing countries, such as Bamako. The aim of this study is to analyze urban sprawl pattern changes over time in the Bamako district using landscape index analyses. Four thematic maps of land cover (LC) were produced by applying the maximum likelihood supervised classification method on Landsat images for 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2018. Five landscape indexes were selected and calculated at class level and landscape level using FRAGSTATS software. The results showed that the dominant class for all the years within the landscape was a built-up class. Forest class covered the smallest area in terms of the percentage of land (%PLAND), and was the weakest class in terms of number of patches (NP) and largest patch index (LPI). Grassland is defined as the class with the highest fragmentation, farmland with the highest shape irregularity and more heterogeneity, and built-up with the highest patches. Class area (CA) of built-up showed the importance of sprawl in Communes 6, 5, and 4, respectively. Indices trends and land use/cover showed infill, scattered, and ribbon developments of sprawl. This study contributes toward monitoring long-term urban sprawl patterns using index analyses.
Wear Characteristics of Different Groove-Shaped Friction Pairs of a Friction Clutch

To investigate the influence of the groove shape of friction disks on the wear of a friction clutch friction pair, a wear calculation model that considers the actual sliding distance between the friction clutch friction pair is presented based on the Archard adhesive wear model. The wear of three different groove-shaped friction pairs was calculated and analyzed. The wear test was carried out on the SAE#2 testing rig to obtain the actual wear amount and verify the accuracy and validity of the mathematical model. The results show that, among the three types of grooves, the friction disks with waffle grooves were the most prone to wear, followed by three-way parallel grooves. The wear performance of the two-way parallel grooves was the best, and the wear from one-time engagement can better reflect the change in the dynamic engagement of the friction pair. With the increase in the engagement time, the increase of the wear amount decreases.
Application of Multiple Classifier Fusion in the Discriminant Analysis of near Infrared Spectroscopy for Agricultural Products

Near infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics and pattern recognition has become a primary focus in the discriminant analysis of agricultural products. To date, most studies have focused on using a single classifier to discriminate the origins, varieties and grades of products. Others have focused on using multiple classifier fusion by weighted voting. Due to their attributes of continuity and internal similarity, discriminant models sometimes present poor performance. In this study, we achieved better performance by applying multiple classifier fusion models, including support vector machine (SVM), discriminant partial least squares (DPLS) and principal component and Fisher criterion (PPF). PPF showed continuity and similarity among different parts of tobacco leaves [i.e. upper (B), cutter (C) and lug (X)]. The similarities between each class and the others were quantified to values, and the sum of the similarity values of each class was defined as its similarity. SVM–DPLS–PPF fusion by voting and similarity constraint for decision resulted in better performance, with the correct discriminant rate improved on average by 14.1%, 8.2%, 17.3% and 4.6% compared with those achieved using SVM, DPLS, PPF and SVM–DPLS–PPF fusion by weighted voting for decision, respectively; in addition, the incorrect discriminant rate between B and X was reduced to zero. Therefore, we demonstrated the feasibility of using SVM–DPLS–PPF fusion by voting and similarity constraint for decision to discriminate between different parts of tobacco leaves. This technique could provide a new method for tobacco quality management, computer-aided grading and intelligent acquisition. It also provides a new discriminant method for analysing the attributes of continuity and similarity of agricultural products using near infrared spectroscopy.
Entrepreneurs' Social Network and Corporate Risk Contagion: A Dynamic Evaluation and Simulation Approach

Interactions of entrepreneurs through social networks provide an available path for corporate risk contagions. However, the issue how entrepreneurs’ social networks influence on corporate risk contagion is still received limited attention from scholars. In this study, a framework is proposed to describe entrepreneurs’ interaction and corporate value creation. The main results of multiagent simulations indicate the following. First, either weak ties or strong connections of social networks can enhance density of corporate risk contagion. However, only strong connections can be moderated by entrepreneurs’ risk preference. Second, weak ties improve risk exposure of individual corporations, while strong connections may probably decrease systematical risk of the market. Third, weak ties are important for mature corporations to achieve business success. However, for startups, strong connections are more valuable to maintain. The findings of this study not only provide theoretical support from some widely accepted economic phenomenon but also provide explanations for conflicting results from some previous literatures.
Evaluation of the hepatotoxic potential of citalopram in rats

Background and Aims: Citalopram is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor with a high potency which is occasionally prescribed and used to treat major depression associated with mood disorders as a first-line drug. According to the results of previous studies, evidence of hepatotoxicity related to citalopram treatment were limited and conflicting. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the hepatotoxicity potential of sub-chronic citalopram administration. Methods: Citalopram was administered to female rats orally in 5 and 10 mg/kg for 30 days. After the exposure period, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total and direct bilirubin levels as biomarkers of hepatotoxicity were measured and histopathological examination of liver tissues was performed. Additionally, GSH levels of liver tissues were determined. Results: The risk of hepatotoxicity related to citalopram was shown by significant increases of serum hepatic biomarkers, AST, ALT, and total bilirubin in citalopram-administered groups. According to the histopathological findings, hepatocellular necrosis, hepatic nuclear asymmetry, and disarrangement of hepatic cord cells (hepatocytes) were prominent in the 10 mg/kg citalopram- administered group. On the other hand, there was no significant difference among the groups in terms of GSH levels. Conclusion: The results suggested that the administration of citalopram might cause hepatotoxic effects, depending on the dose.
Potentials and Pitfalls of Mapping Nature-Based Solutions with the Online Citizen Science Platform ClimateScan

Online knowledge-sharing platforms could potentially contribute to an accelerated climate adaptation by promoting more green and blue spaces in urban areas. The implementation of small-scale nature-based solutions (NBS) such as bio(swales), green roofs, and green walls requires the involvement and enthusiasm of multiple stakeholders. This paper discusses how online citizen science platforms can stimulate stakeholder engagement and promote NBS, which is illustrated with the case of ClimateScan. Three main concerns related to online platforms are addressed: the period of relevance of the platform, the lack of knowledge about the inclusiveness and characteristics of the contributors, and the ability of sustaining a well-functioning community with limited resources. ClimateScan has adopted a “bottom–up” approach in which users have much freedom to create and update content. Within six years, this has resulted in an illustrated map with over 5000 NBS projects around the globe and an average of more than 100 visitors a day. However, points of concern are identified regarding the data quality and the aspect of community-building. Although the numbers of users are rising, only a few users have remained involved. Learning from these remaining top users and their motivations, we draw general lessons and make suggestions for stimulating long-term engagement on online knowledge-sharing platforms.
Trade credit insurance: insuring strategy of the retailer and the manufacturer

ABSTRACT This study analyses the role of trade credit insurance and the insuring strategy of the retailer and the manufacturer in a capital-constrained supply chain with one retailer, one manufacturer, and one insurer. We model the interaction among these three participants as a two-level Stackelberg game and explore their operational and financial decisions. We find that trade credit insurance is adopted when the manufacturer's loss aversion is high or the retailer's initial capital is low. The adoption of trade credit insurance improves the order quantity of the retailer, the performance of each supply chain participant, and supply chain efficiency. However, it also increases the bankruptcy risk of the retailer and the instability of the entire supply chain. In addition, the application of trade credit insurance by the manufacturer alone is more beneficial to the manufacturer, insurer, and entire supply chain as it creates better performance for them. Conversely, the purchase of trade credit insurance by the retailer is more desirable to the retailer as it yields not only a higher profit but also a lower bankruptcy risk.
Nurture commodified? An investigation into commercial human milk supply chains

Abstract The material conditions in which women provide breast milk range widely, on the basis of their class and geographical provenance. The commercialisation of breast milk provision throws up questions related to debates on the transnational reconfiguration of social reproduction as they intersect with discourses on motherhood and healthy child development as well as contemporary processes of commodification of the body and the emergence of new gendered forms of atypical work in the global economy. This article presents a study of the first commercial human milk processor in India, NeoLacta Lifesciences that obtained an export license for the Australian market in 2017. These practices may be seen to be part of a wider Reproductive Industrial Complex, in which women’s reproductive bodily capacities are enrolled in wider economic and financial processes, instantiating new relations between gender, race, economies and care. This article employs a feminist political economy framework that places into dialogue analyses of social reproduction and commodification with feminist science/technology studies and medical/political anthropology in order to analyse the social, political, and technical processes that transform breast milk into a commodity that is internationally traded and the implications of this for contemporary understandings of work and gender.
The Internationalization of U.S. High Schools: Avenues for Future Research

Although the internationalization of the U.S. education sector is perhaps the most salient at the postsecondary level, U.S. secondary schools have increasingly experienced the effects of globalization. In recent years, these schools have witnessed a surge in their population of international students. However, there is relatively little scholarship focused on this student population. This Research in Brief article first highlights recent research on nonimmigrant, international high school students in the United States. Using Bronfenbrenner’s (1977) ecological systems theory as a framework, the article then identifies areas where future research is needed to more fully explicate the unique experiences of these students and their effects on the U.S. secondary education sector.
Character of the outgoing wave in soft x-ray photoemission

Bloch-waves scattering theory is applied to photoemission from Mg(0001) up to photon energies of 320 eV. The quality of various approximations to the photoemission final state is analyzed based on the Fourier decomposition of the ab initio time-reversed scattering states. The relative importance of bulk and surface photoeffect in a one-dimensional pseudopotential model and in a real crystal is studied. The crucial role of the lateral umklapp scattering at high energies is revealed, and its implications for the stationary as well as for the attosecond time-resolved photoemission are discussed. The fine structure of the photoemission intensity distribution at high energies observed in earlier experiments is reproduced and explained.
Oligohydramnios and fetal outcome in term pregnancy

Background and objective: Oligohydramnios is defined as an amniotic fluid index less than 5th centile for gestation. It presents a threat to the fetus and has been correlated with increased risk of intrauterine growth retardation, meconium aspiration syndrome, severe birth asphyxia, low APGAR scores, and congenital abnormalities. It is associated with perinatal morbidity and mortality and maternal morbidity in a significant number of cases. Therefore, early detection of oligohydramnios and its management is important. This study aimed to determine the perinatal and maternal outcomes in oligohydramnios. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was carried out at the Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil from March 2018 to March 2019. A total of 300 patients were recruited, including 150 pregnant women with oligohydramnios and 150 with normal amniotic fluid index. Results: There was a significant difference between the oligohydramnios group and the comparison group in relation to parity and gestational age. Oligohydramnios was more among primigravids. The rate of cesarean section was higher in oligohydramnios group compared to the comparison group. Intrauterine growth retardation among oligohydramnios group was 13%. Oligohydramnios was associated with birth weight <2500 gm (21.3%). Conclusion: Antepartum diagnosis of severe oligohydramnios at term was associated with an increased cesarean section rate, a higher rate of admission of neonatal care unit, and low birth weight. Therefore, antepartum oligohydramnios is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. Keywords: Amniotic fluid index; Maternal outcome; Fetal outcome; Oligohydramnios.
Biobased polymeric nanoparticles from castor oil derivatives by admet and thiol-ene miniemulsion polymerizations

Renewable resources are earning special attention as substitutes for petroleum-based compounds, considering the future shortage of fossil supplies and also due to a sense of environmental awareness. In this context, biobased polymers obtained from vegetable oils are considered a promising “green” alternative to fossil-derived polymeric materials and present potential biodegradability and low toxicity, allowing their application for high value added and/or biomedical purposes. Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET) and thiol-ene reactions appear as successful and versatile techniques to obtain high molecular weight polymers from renewable raw materials, enhancing the possibilities for the synthesis of vegetable oil-based polymers via chemical modifications. Additionally, besides avoiding the use of organic solvents, working with an environmentally friendly system, miniemulsion polymerization enables the production of polymeric nanoparticles with unique characteristics and vast commercial interest, with the possibility of using and/or incorporating water-insoluble compounds for a wide range of applications. Herein, it is reported the synthesis and characterization of biobased polymeric nanoparticles using a 100% renewable α,ω-diene-diester monomer obtained by esterification reaction of 10-undecenoic acid (derived from castor oil) with 1,3-propanediol (derived from glycerol, which is also derived from castor oil). ADMET and thiol-ene polymerization reactions were successfully performed in miniemulsion and yielded polymers with weight average molecular weight up to 15 kDa (Mn), depending on different parameters and type of reactants (comonomers, surfactants, catalysts) employed. Then, the poly(thioether-ester) nanoparticles were modified by the oxidation of their sulfur atom to sulfoxide and sulfone groups, aiming the development of nanoparticles with high potential for the encapsulation and release of bioactive compounds. Lastly, results revealed that the synthesized poly(thioether-ester) nanoparticles derived from renewable resources did not present any cytotoxic effect on murine fibroblast (L929) and human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells and showed high blood biocompatibility, assuring their viability for biomedical applications.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Individual Outcomes: The Mediating Role of Gratitude and Compassion at Work

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies and activities are aimed at, executed for, and witnessed by individuals, yet CSR literature has long overlooked assessing CSR outcomes at the individual level. Previous CSR research has focused primarily on macro- and institutional-level outcomes. The current paper addresses this issue by analyzing the influence of CSR on a crucial stakeholder for hospitality organizations: their employees. Specifically, gratitude and compassion at work were tested as parallel mediators between employees’ perceptions of CSR and their well-being and organizational citizenship behavior directed toward the organization (OCBO). Drawing from the affect theory of social exchange and moral emotions, this article aims to understand how CSR leads to improving employees’ well-being and OCBO through the underlying emotional mechanisms of gratitude and compassion. Survey data from two independent samples were gathered to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that employees’ perceptions of CSR activities had a significant positive direct effect on eudaimonic well-being but not on hedonic well-being. Gratitude mediated the relationship between perceived CSR and OCBO as well as hedonic well-being. Compassion mediated the relationship between perceived CSR and hedonic well-being as well as OCBO. Besides theoretical contributions of testing these mechanisms together in a hospitality context and evaluating the influence of CSR efforts on certain dimensions of well-being, this research will be particularly relevant to hospitality managers when formulating CSR strategies and promoting a CSR culture.
Advances in drug release investigations: Trends and developments for dissolution test media

Dissolution research started more than a century ago in the field of physical chemistry and went through several significant developments since. Yet, the explicit attention in drug-related dissolution has only started growing in the 1950s, after the researchers realized that drug release from orally administered solid pharmaceutical formulations significantly influences the bioavailability. Researches show that solubility and permeability of the drugs are key factors in the correlation between the in vitro examination and the in vivo determinations (IVIVC). This review aims to summarize the most relevant developments in chronological order, ranging from simple disintegration studies to biorelevant methods. Biorelevant methods can be used to recognize the effects of food on dissolution, as well as to identify solubility limitations and stability issues. The development of a biologically relevant dissolution method for oral dosage forms needs to take the physiological conditions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract into account that may influence the drug dissolution. This review presents the simplest dissolution media, the composition of biorelevant media simulating gastrointestinal fluids, and the latest updates of the field.
Termitomyces acriumbonatus sp. nov. (Lyophyllaceae, Agaricales) from Pakistan

Four Termitomyces samples were collected in fungal surveys during 2016–2017 at Pabbi Forest Park, Punjab, Pakistan. Detailed morphological examination showed the four collections represent a new species. The phylogenetic analyses of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and Larger Sub-Unit (LSU) genes also supported the morphology to establish the new species which we describe and illustrate in this paper. The new species, Termitomyces acriumbonatus, is characterized by a small pileus 15–30 mm diam. , with pointed grayish brown perforatium, cylindrical smooth stipe, and ellipsoid, 6.1−8.7 × 4.5–6.5 μm sized basidiospores.
RANS SIMULATION OF BREAKER BAR DEVELOPMENT USING A STABILIZED TURBULENCE MODEL

The results demonstrate the significant advantages of utilizing formally stabilized turbulence closure models in accurately predicting the surf zone dynamics, sediment transport, and breaker bar morphology in the shoaling region and in the outer surf zone using RANS models. Simulated evolution using a stabilized turbulence model is demonstrated to predict cross-shore breaker bar position, growth and evolution. This is in contrast to results using (otherwise identical) standard turbulence closure, which tend to flush the bar further offshore. Further improvements are still needed to increase hydrodynamic accuracy, hence sediment transport and morphological evolution, in the inner surf zone.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/R_sm_06qQGM