Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of larval transport: vertical distribution of bivalve larvae varies with tidal conditions

Larval transport is a key process in the life-history and population dynamics of many marine species. It is strongly influenced by ocean currents, but the influence of behavioural traits of larvae (e.g. vertical migration) on their advective dispersal is poorly understood. In the absence of field data, predictions of population connectivity are often based on hydrodynamic models and assume that larvae behave as passive particles. Variations in the vertical distribution of early and late stage larvae of Mytilus spp. were investigated in a field study in the Irish Sea, collecting discrete water samples by Niskin sampler at a range of depths at different tidal states and phases at 2 sites and on 2 dates during summer 2005. Larvae were homogenously distributed throughout the water column during flood tide, whereas larvae we more densely aggregated in middle and bottom waters during ebb tide. Highest densities were greatest near the bottom during low flow conditions. Larval size had no effect on the patterns of vertical distribution of larvae in the water column. The relative lack of larvae in the water column during ebb tides compared to flood tides could lead to significant net transport in the direction of flood tides. If this is a widespread phenomenon, models based on the assumption that larvae behave as passive particles are unlikely to predict dispersal distances correctly.
Option Pricing with Discrete Rebalancing

We consider option pricing when dynamic portfolios are discretely rebalanced. The portfolio adjustments only occur after fixed relative variation of the stock price. The stock price follows a marked point process and the market is incomplete. We first characterize the equivalent martingale measures. An explicit formula based on the minimal martingale measure is then provided together with the hedging strategy underlying portfolio adjustments. Under adequate conditions on the stock price dynamics, the minimal pricing formula converges to the Black-Scholes formula when the triggering price increment shrinks to zero. This is shown theoretically and numerically on two examples : a marked Poisson process and a jump process driven by a latent geometric Brownian motion. For the empirical application we use IBM intraday transaction data and compare option prices given by the marked Poisson model and the Black-Scholes model.
Archipelagic genetics in a widespread Caribbean anole

We examine the influence of fluctuating sea levels in a land‐bridge archipelago on the apportioning of intraspecific genetic diversity and divergence in the widespread Puerto Rican crested anole (Anolis cristatellus). We compare three alternative scenarios for genetic diversification in an archipelagic species that contrast the relative influences of periodic isolation versus island connectedness driven by fluctuating sea levels. Our approach combines information from geography and population genetics to assess the influence of island size, island isolation, island historical geography, and population genetic processes such as drift on the contemporary distribution of genetic variation within and among islands.
Effects of CYP 3 A 4 polymorphisms on efficiency of general anesthesia combined with epidural block in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement

This study aims to investigate the effects of CYP3A4 polymorphisms (*4, *5 and *6) on efficiency of general anesthesia (GA) combined with epidural block (EB) in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement. From January 2014 to October 2015, a total of 511 patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement (case group) and 503 healthy individuals (control group) were selected for the study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was applied for genotyping of CYP3A4 gene. Central venous pressure (CVP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), pulse oximetry (SPO2), extubation and duration of intensive care unit (ICU) stay during the surgery were observed and recorded. A nine-month follow-up was conducted. Genotype and allele frequency of CYP3A4*4 were significantly different between the case and control groups (all P < 0.05). Compared with wild-type *1*1 patients with heterozygous *1*4 of CYP3A4*4 showed significant difference in HR, MAP, SPO2 and CVP and in the time of extubation and ICU stay. CYP3A4*4 polymorphism may be associated with the effect of GA combined with EB in cardiac surgery. These results demonstrate that CYP3A4*4 polymorphism is correlated with the effects of GA combined with EB in cardiac surgery. CYP3A4 polymorphisms increase the risk of GA combined with EB among patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement.
Fast vortex wall motion in wide permalloy strips from double switching of the vortex core

We study vortex domain wall dynamics in wide Permalloy strips driven by applied magnetic fields and spin-polarized electric currents. As recently reported [V. Est\'evez and L. Laurson, Phys. Rev. B, {\bf 93}, 064403 (2016)], for sufficiently wide strips and above a threshold field, periodic dynamics of the vortex core are localized in the vicinity of one of the strip edges, and the velocity drop typically observed for narrow strips is replaced by a high-velocity plateau. Here, we analyze this behavior in more detail by means of micromagnetic simulations. We show that the high-velocity plateau originates from a repeated double switching of the magnetic vortex core, underlying the periodic vortex core dynamics in the vicinity of the strip edge, i.e., the "attraction-repulsion" effect. We also discuss the corresponding dynamics driven by spin-polarized currents, as well as the effect of including quenched random structural disorder to the system.
Compliance with Anti – Retroviral Post Exposure Prophylaxis ( Pep ) Following NeedleStick Injury among Health Workers in Onitsha , Anambra , Nigeria

Health care workers are at risk of occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens through sharps such as needle-stick injuries hence the importance to compliance with antiretroviral post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) among health care workers. This study is aimed at determining the prevalence of needle-stick injuries and compliance with antiretroviral post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) among health care workers in Onitsha Local Government Areas of Anambra State in South Eastern Nigeria. The study is cross-sectional and involved 750 health care workers. The result shows that 497(66.3%) of the workers had stick injuries. The highest occurrence were in private hospitals 259(73.5%) {P<0.05}. Among the professional groups, laboratory scientists and technicians had the highest incidence of 71(89.9%) {P<0.05}. Gloves are the most commonly used personal protective device. A significantly high number 357 (75.9%) {p<0.05} of the 497 positive respondents with injury washed the wound site with disinfectant (Sodium hypochlorite) and only 100 (20.1%) of them took PEP drugs thereafter. Despite this neglect, PEP is vital in the control of infection of retroviral disease in our environment.
Frechet dağılımının şekil parametresinin tahmini için alternatif tahmin yöntemi

Bu calismada Frechet dagiliminin sekil parametresi basit dogrusal regresyon modeli kullanilarak tahmin edilmistir. Tahmin yontemi olarak En Kucuk Kareler (EKK) ve saglam (robust) tahmin yontemi olan M tahmin edicisi ele alinmistir. Bu tahmin yontemlerinin etkinlikleri veri setinin aykiri deger icerip icermeme durumuna gore simulasyon calismasi ile karsilastirilmistir. Sonuc olarak Frechet dagiliminin sekil parametresinin tahmininde yapilan simulasyon calismasi ile saglam yontemin parametre tahminin EKK’dan daha etkin oldugu gorulmustur.
Exploiting BabelNet for generating subsumption

Whereas the ontology matching field has developed fully in the last decades, most matching approaches are still limited to generating equivalences between entities of different ontologies. However, for many tasks, finding subsumption relations may be useful. Despite the variety of matching approaches in the literature, most of them rely on string-based techniques as an initial estimate of the likelihood that two elements refer to the same real world phenomenon, hence, the found correspondences represent equivalences with terms similarly written rather than subsumptions. This paper presents an approach relying on background knowledge from BabelNet (BN) [3] and on the notion of context. The latter has been exploited in different ways in ontology matching [2, 4]. They are used for disambiguating the senses that better express the meaning of ontology concepts when looking for subsumption relations between them in BN.
A review of generalized planning

Abstract Generalized planning studies the representation, computation and evaluation of solutions that are valid for multiple planning instances. These are topics studied since the early days of AI. However, in recent years, we are experiencing the appearance of novel formalisms to compactly represent generalized planning tasks, the solutions to these tasks (called generalized plans) and efficient algorithms to compute generalized plans. The paper reviews recent advances in generalized planning and relates them to existing planning formalisms, such as planning with domain control knowledge and approaches for planning under uncertainty, that also aim at generality.
Ammonia in positively charged pre-nucleation clusters: a quantum-chemical study and atmospheric implications

Abstract. The quantum-chemical treatment of pre-nucleation clusters consisting of atmospheric nucleation precursors is critically important for the understanding of the molecular nature of atmospheric nucleation. In the present study, the influence of ammonia on the thermochemical stability of positively charged pre-nucleation clusters has been studied using the Density Functional Theory (DFT). The formation of binary (NH 4 + )(H 2 O) n and ternary (NH 4 + )(H 2 SO 4 )(H 2 O) n ionic clusters and the conversion of (H 3 O + )(H 2 O) n −1 into (NH 4 + )(H 2 O) n and (H 3 O + ) (H 2 SO 4 )(H 2 O) n −1 into (NH 4 + )(H 2 SO 4 )(H 2 O) n have been investigated. The thermochemical analysis carried out in the present study shows both (H 3 O + )(H 2 O) n −1 →(NH 4 + ) (H 2 O) n and (H 2 SO 4 )(H 3 O + )(H 2 O) n −1 →(NH 4 + )(H 2 SO 4 ) (H 2 O) n transformations to be favorable thermodynamically and gives us a clear indication of the important role of ammonia in the conversion of positively charged clusters containing hydronium (H 3 O + ) into those containing protonated ammonia. Under typical continental boundary layer condition, a large fraction of small positive ions may contain ammonia, but most of neutral and negative hydrated sulfuric acid monomers do not contain ammonia. In term of absolute concentrations, around 1000 cm −3 out of 10 7 cm −3 of sulfuric acid momoners contain ammonia. (NH 4 ) + (H 2 O) n clusters appear to dominate the concentrations of small positive ions. Because of the weak affinity of sulfuric acid molecules to (H 3 O + )(H 2 O) n and (NH 4 + )(H 2 O) n ions ( n ≤6), the concentrations of both ammoniated and un-ammoniated sulfuric acid water proton clusters are quite low. The atmospheric implications of the obtained results are discussed.
Multi- and quasi-decadal variations of sea surface temperature in the North Atlantic

Abstract The multi- and quasi-decadal variabilities of the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly over the North Atlantic are investigated by means of two-dimensional propagating CEOF. Forty-six years of the COADS SST dataset from 1947 to 1992 are used. After removing the monthly climatology and four-year low-pass filtering the SST anomaly is submitted to CEOF. The total variance of the three largest modes accounts for 87.0% of the total variance. Mode 1 is a very slow oscillation with an approximate 42-yr period and has basinwide spatial evolution, with alternate warm and cold anomalies appearing off Newfoundland and migrating northward until they disappear south of Greenland. The center of action of the anomalies both occur in the vicinity of the Labrador Sea, Newfoundland, and south of Greenland where deep-water formation takes place. Mode 2 + 3 is a quasi-decadal fluctuation with an approximate 14-yr period. Mode 2 + 3 contains quasi-decadal timescales with alternating warm and cold anomalies propagati.
Spatial dynamics of public pharmaceutical expenditure

A regression model for per capita public pharmaceutical expenditure is analyzed. The necessity of simultaneouslycontrolling for dynamic patterns and spatial spillover in such analyses is demonstrated. In contrast to previous studies ofimpact of small-area variation, the present study exploits important aspects related to spatial dynamics as the effects ofspatial spillover are analyzed and interpreted within a framework of spatial dynamics and spatial error-correction. It isshown that such dynamics bear important implications related to spatial convergence of a pharmaceutical market. Thepaper is accessible to an audience experienced with linear regression; basic exposure to spatial statistics is helpful butnot strictly necessary.
Interaction of CYP 1 B 1 , cigarette-smoke carcinogen metabolism , and lung cancer risk

A previously published case-control study nested in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial found a significant relationship of serum levels of total NNAL (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1butanol and its glucuronides) to prospective lung cancer risk. The present paper examines this relationship in the context of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes important in the metabolism of tobacco smoke carcinogens. DNA was extracted from the subjects’ lymphocytes and analyzed for SNPs in 11 locations on four genes related to tobacco carcinogen metabolism. Logistic regressions on case-control status were used to estimate main effects of SNPs and biomarkers and their interactions adjusting for potential confounders. Of the 11 SNPs, only one, in CYP1B1, significantly interacted with total NNAL affecting risk for lung cancer. At low NNAL levels, the variant appeared protective. However, for those with the minor variant, the risk for lung cancer increased with increasing NNAL five times as rapidly compared to those without it, so that at high NNAL levels, this SNP’s protection disappears. Analyzing only adenocarcinomas, the effect of the variant was even stronger, with the risk of cancer increasing six times as fast. A common polymorphism of CYP1B1 may play a role in the risk of NNK, a powerful lung carcinogen, in the development of lung cancer in smokers.
Do Firms Publish? A Multi-Sectoral Analysis

We examine corporate publishing - i.e. firms' involvement in the production of scientific publications - with two research questions. First, why do firms publish? Through systematic literature review, we propose a framework of five incentives for firms to publish: (i) accessing external knowledge and resources; (ii) attracting and retaining researchers; (iii) signalling and reputation building; (iv) supporting IP strategies; and (v) supporting commercialization strategies. Second, how does firms' engagement in publishing differ across sectors? Variation in corporate publishing has not yet been comprehensively characterized in the literature. We present an empirical analysis of the publication activity of a global sample of 2,500 firms (and the 570,000 directly owned subsidiaries of these firms) operating in 20 industrial sectors. We find that corporate publishing is widespread, though considerable heterogeneity exists within and between sectors. Most firms (84%) in our sample contributed to at least one publication from 2011 to 2015. The number of firms' publications grew over the observation period (2.3% on a yearly basis), though not as fast as the global science output in general. Firms' publications are often co-authored with researchers at academic institutions (58%) and are cited more than expected (about 12% of firms' articles are within the top 10% most cited articles). We conclude by proposing a taxonomy of sectors based on their R&D investment intensity and publication activity.
Dietary niche partitioning among black bears, grizzly bears and wolves in a multi-prey ecosystem

Identifying mechanisms that promote coexistence of sympatric species is important for predicting ecological effects of anthropogenic change. Many caribou (Rangifer tarandus (L., 1758)) populations are declining, and it is unclear to what extent sympatric predators consume caribou or how alternative prey affect caribou–predator relationships. We used stable isotope mixing models to estimate diets of black bear (Ursus americanus Pallas, 1780), grizzly bear (Ursus arctos L., 1758), and grey wolves (Canis lupus L., 1758) during early, middle, and late summer of 2009–2010 in northwestern British Columbia, Canada. Although we expected wolf diet to be primarily composed of moose (Alces alces (L., 1758)) — as they exist at twice the density of caribou — wolf diet consisted principally of caribou, and to a lesser extent moose and beaver (Castor canadensis Kuhl, 1820), with little change occurring throughout summer. Black bear diet consisted mainly of vegetation and moose, shifting from moose to vegetation through .
Effect of Zeolite and Copper Sulfate , Administered Alone and in Combination on the Biochemical Components of Blood Serum of Common Carp , Cyprinus carpio

Effects of zeolite have been described on the biochemical parameters of blood of Cyprinus carpio exposed to copper sulphate. The control fish showed 57.67% increase in body weight over a period of 90 days. This increase was 26.45% after exposure to copper sulphate (2mg/L) and 32.01% after Zeolite treatment (60 mg/L). When Zeolite was administered along with copper sulfate the fish showed 46.24% increase in body weight. Blood sampling were made for the determination of hematological values (glucose (GLU), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), creatinine (CR), total bilirubin (TBIL), uric acid (UA), and direct bilirubin (DBIL)) at 30, 60, 90 days. Fish weight increased 26.45%, 46.29%, 32.01% and 57.67% respectively in groups and differences between groups were significant (p<0.05). GLU, BUN, TP, ALB, GLB, CR, TBIL and UA values differed significantly among the groups (P<0.05). There were significant differences GLU, BUN, TP, ALB, GLB, CR, TBIL and UA values among the groups (P<0.05). TP value decreased, but GL, TBIL, UA and DBIL values of CuSO4 group increased significantly compared to control group (p<0.05). Therefore, it was suggested to use of clinoptilolite in rearing waters when there is a problem related to metals.
A New Eastern Limit of the Pacific Flying Fox, Pteropus tonganus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae), in Prehistoric Polynesia: A Case of Possible Human Transport and Extirpation1

ABSTRACT Five bones, representing one adult of the Pacific Flying Fox, Pteropus tonganus, were recovered from an archaeological site on Rurutu (151°21′W, 22°27′S), Austral Islands, French Polynesia, making this the most eastern extension of the species. For the first time, flying fox bones from cultural deposits were directly dated by accelerator mass spectrometry, yielding an age of death between A.D. 1064 and 1155. Their stratigraphic position in an Archaic period archaeological site and the absence of bones in the late prehistoric to historic layers point to extirpation of the species. No flying fox bones were found in pre-human deposits and human transport of the species cannot be ruled out.
Harmonic response of soil radon-222 flux and concentration induced by barometric oscillations

in the radon power spectra due to barometric tide S2. Optimal position of the radon sensors appears to be a few centimetres in the bedrock below the soil. Amplitudes of radon concentration and surface ﬂux are sensitive to underlying bedrock permeability, porosity, water saturation and effective radium concentration, and depend also on the presence of advection. At large carrier gas velocities, a more precise calculation valid for multilayered media, is presented, which can be used in volcanic and hydrothermal areas. While the amplitudes of all harmonics for radon concentration in the soil become negligible, the fundamental in radon surface ﬂux reaches a constant and, possibly, observable value dominated by the parameters of the deepest medium. A better knowledge of the response of radon ﬂux and concentration to barometric oscillations is important to interpret the presence or absence of peaks in the power spectra of radon time-series collected for environmental and geodynamical purposes. This study provides further support to the relevance of long-term radon monitoring to constrain the transport properties of the subsurface.
Combining Testing and Runtime Verification

Testing and runtime verification are intimately related: runtime verification enables testing of systems beyond their deployment by monitoring them under normal use while testing is not only concerned with monitoring the behaviour of systems but also generating test cases which are able to sufficiently cover their behaviour. Given this link between testing and runtime verification, one is surprised to find that in the literature the two have not been well studied in each other’s context. Below we outline three ways in which this can be done: one where testing can be used to support runtime verification, another where the two techniques can be used together in a single tool, and a third approach where runtime verification can be used to support testing.
Tailoring Aspect Ratio of Gold Nano Rods: Impact of temperature,pH, silver ions, CTAB concentration and centrifugation

We report synthesis strategies developed to achieve decent yield of monodispersed gold nano rods (GNR) of desired aspect ratio. The color and optical properties of gold nano particles originate from localized surface plasmons. Unlike nano-sphere the optical properties of GNR are influenced by their shape anisotropy. UV-visible absorption spectroscopic measurements and Scanning as well as Transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) images provide an explanation for formation and mechanism for controlling the GNR growth. The work emphasizes on the standardization of parameters like concentration of aurochloric acid, cationic surfactant CTAB (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide) and silver nitrate; as well as pH and Temperature of reactant and finally efforts to separate GNR by centrifugation. Use of CTAB at 0.2M concentration and 200 C and a ratio of 200:1 of CTAB and gold salt, resulted into formation of metallo-micellar complexes. This complex acted as seed and resulted in formation of 1D crystal growth of nanorod. The most decisive parameter affecting the nucleation was found to be concentration of gold ions (1mM). Growth of GNR was mainly controlled by AgNO3 (4mM) and CTAB (0.2M). Centrifugation was found to help the shape separation i.e. separating GNR from other shapes of gold nanoparticles. A blend of theoretical as well as experimental discussion is made to comprehend the idea behind separation of the GNR from the mixture of spheres and rods