Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of Artificial Intelligence Computer Intelligent Heuristic Search Algorithm

In order to transform three-dimensional space path planning into two-dimensional plane path planning problem and greatly reduce the search time, an intelligent heuristic search algorithm based on artificial intelligence is proposed. The heuristic search algorithm is analyzed and introduced, and A is chosen. A two-dimensional spatial environment model of picking robot path planning is investigated, and a spatial model of picking robot path planning is established by raster method. Then, considering the whole day operation time, the whole day operation time is divided into several periods. With the help of heuristic search algorithm, the most reasonable operation time interval of each period is found, so as to provide reliable reference for the decision-making organization of urban rail transit operation on how to arrange the train rationally. The experimental results show that the improved A ∗ algorithm can significantly improve the moving path of the picking robot and make the planned path smoother, which confirms the feasibility and superiority of the improved algorithm. The operation decision of urban rail transit is obtained through experiments. After 114 iterations of the heuristic search algorithm, the optimal value is 6.83353635 e -001, while the average optimal value is 6.83551939 e -001. After 231 iterations of particle swarm optimization algorithm, the optimal value is 6.83650785 e -001. The average optimal value is 6.83745935 e -001. After 789 iterations, the genetic algorithm obtains the optimal value of 6.83921100 e -001, and the average optimal value is 6.84410765 e -001. Through the comparative analysis, it can be seen that compared with the other two optimization algorithms, the heuristic search algorithm is significantly better than the other two optimization algorithms, both in terms of the optimal value and the number of optimization iterations. The results show that the heuristic search algorithm is a fast, accurate, and reliable optimization method to solve the problem of accurate scheduling of urban rail transit departure interval. It is proved that the intelligent heuristic search algorithm of artificial intelligence computer can realize the path planning effectively.
GeoBERTSegmenter: Word Segmentation of Chinese Texts in the Geoscience Domain Using the Improved BERT Model

Unlike English, there is no natural separator‐like gap between words in Chinese, which makes Chinese word segmentation (CWS) a difficult information processing problem. At present, geological texts contain a large number of unregistered geological terms, and the existing rule‐based methods and machine‐learning and deep learning algorithms still cannot be used to solve the problem of word segmentation in geosciences, especially for the large number of unregistered words. In this study, we propose GeoBERTSegmenter, which is a GeoBERT‐based (Geoscience‐Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers) CWS model that is specifically designed with various linguistic irregularities in mind. In this method, a general model is extended to a BERT bidirectional recurrent neural network (BiLSTM) and conditional random field (GeoBERT + BiLSTM + CRF) model with a number of features designed to address the CWS task in geological text. We also train a pretrained language model named GeoBERT on a geological domain that is based on a large amount of Chinese geological text. In open testing, a precision of 94.77%, recall of 96.31% and F1 of 95.44%, are obtained, indicating that the proposed strategy performs much better than alternative methods in our study. In this study, unregistered geological terms can be effectively identified, and the recognition rate of common words is ensured, which lays the foundation for natural language processing in the domain of geoscience through Chinese text word segmentation.
Identification of Diagnostic Genes and Effective Drugs Associated with Osteoporosis Treatment by Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis and Network Pharmacology

Background Osteoporosis is a common bone metabolic disease with increased bone fragility and fracture rate. Effective diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis still need to be explored due to the increasing incidence of disease. Methods Single-cell RNA-seq was acquired from GSE147287 dataset. Osteoporosis-related genes were obtained from chEMBL. Cell subpopulations were identified and characterized by scRNA-seq, t-SNE, clusterProfiler, and other computational methods. “limma” R packages were used to identify all differentially expressed genes. A diagnosis model was build using rms R packages. Key drugs were determined by proteins-proteins interaction and molecular docking. Results Firstly, 15,577 cells were obtained, and 12 cell subpopulations were identified by clustering, among which 6 cell subpopulations belong to CD45+ BM-MSCs and the other subpopulations were CD45-BM-MSCs. CD45- BM-MSCs_6 and CD45+ BM-MSCs_5 were consider as key subpopulations. Furthermore, we found 7 genes were correlated with above two subpopulations, and F9 gene had highest AUC. Finally, five compounds were identified, among which DB03742 bound well to F9 protein. Conclusions This work discovered that 7 genes were correlated with CD45-BM-MSCs_6 and CD45+ BM-MSCs_5 subpopulations in osteoporosis, among which F9 gene had better research value. Moreover, compound DB03742 was a potential inhibitor of F9 protein.
Improvement in medium long-term frequency stability of the integrating sphere cold atom clock

The medium long-term frequency stability of the integrating sphere cold atom clock was improved. During the clock operation, Rb87 atoms were cooled and manipulated using cooling light diffusely reflected by the inner surface of a microwave cavity in the clock. This light heated the cavity and caused a frequency drift from the resonant frequency of the cavity. Power fluctuations of the cooling light led to atomic density variations in the cavity’s central area, which increased the clock frequency instability through the cavity pulling effect. We overcame these limitations with appropriate solutions. A frequency stability of 3.5×10−15 was achieved when the integrating time τ increased to 2×104 s.
Aether Theory Clock Retardation vs. Special Relativity Time Dilation

Assuming a model of aether non-entrained by the motion of celestial bodies, one can provide a rational explanation of the experimental processes affecting the measurement of time when clocks are in motion. Contrary to special relativity, aether theory does not assume that the time itself is affected by motion; the reading displayed by the moving clocks results from two facts: 1/ Due to their movement through the aether, they tick at a slower rate than in the aether frame. 2/ The usual synchronization procedures generate a synchronism discrepancy effect. These facts give rise to an alteration of the measurement of time which, as we shall show, exactly explains the experimental results. In particular, they enable to solve an apparent paradox that special relativity cannot explain (see chapter 4). When the measurement distortions are corrected, the time proves to be the same in all co-ordinate systems moving away from one another with rectilinear uniform motion. These considerations strongly support the existence of a privileged aether frame. The consequences concern special relativity (SR) as well as general relativity (GR) which is an extension of SR. We should note that Einstein himself became conscious of the necessity of the aether from 1916, in contrast with conventional relativity. Yet the model of aether presented here differs from Einsein in that it assumes the existence of an aether drift, in agreement with the discoveries of G.F. Smoot and his co-workers listed in Smoot Nobel Lecture, December 8th 2006. Although it makes reference to previous studies, this text remains self-sufficient.
Imaging, virtual reconstruction and computational material tissue) testing

Purpose: Recent advances in professional software and computer hardware allow for reliable computational analyses of new engineering materials as well as biological tissues. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to describe the procedures allowing detailed reconstruction and virtual testing of such materials. Methods: This paper describes the procedures and techniques for computational reconstruction of specimens, based on three-dimensional (3D) imaging data sets. First, different techniques of acquiring 3D imaging data sets (i.e., computed tomography – CT, magnetic resonance imaging – MRI and ultrasound – US) are introduced. Next the virtual reconstruction procedures for generated material (tissue) scans, based on image recognition, are addressed. For this purpose the up-to-date commercial software package ScanIP was used, allowing for an automatic virtual reconstruction. Results: The reconstructed models can be virtually redesigned and adopted for special requirements or can be discretized (using +ScanFE and +ScanCAD) for further computational analysis, for example to predict their behaviour under quasi-static or dynamic loading conditions. Conclusions: The paper concludes with three practical examples: (i) reconstruction and structural analysis of the proximal femur (alone and with a modelled implant), (ii) reconstruction of the lumbar spine and (iii) reconstruction and structural analysis of an irregular aluminium cellular material. The proposed procedures proved to be sophisticated and effective techniques suitable for a wide spectrum of medical and engineering applications.
Case processing in supporting the development of expertise in pharmacy-an eye movement study

The purpose of this study is to utilize process-level analyses to investigate pharmacy students’ reasoning during solving a written case task that handled acute patient counseling situation in the pharmacy. Participants’ (N = 34) problem-solving processes were investigated using the eye-tracking method together with written tasks and 2 (n = 16) and 3 (n = 18) –year students’ processes were compared. The text included semantically different level sentences: task-relevant sentences including essential information for the solution and taskredundant sentences that contained irrelevant or misleading information. The results showed that students differed in their performance and only four 2 year students solved the case correctly, whereas almost all of the graduating students were successful. Further, most of those students, who ended up with a correct solution had presented a correct working hypothesis already after reading the first text page. Generally, the average total reading times did not differ between the comparison groups. However, better-succeeding students read significantly longer the very first task-relevant sentences of the case task indicating that they were able to focus on relevant information and discard the task-redundant text parts. Based on the results, pedagogical suggestions for advancing higher education are discussed.
Ultracompact Field Effect Electro-Absorption Plasmonic Modulator

One of the technical barriers impeding the wide applications of integrated photonic circuits is the lack of ultracompact, high speed, broadband electro-optical (EO) modulators, which up-convert electronic signals into high bit-rate photonic data. In addition to direct modulation of lasers, EO modulators can be classified into (i) phase modulation based on EO effect or free-carrier injection, or (ii) absorption modulation based on Franz-Keldysh effect or quantum-confined Stark effect. Due to the poor EO properties of regular materials, a conventional EO modulator has a very large footprint. Based on high-Q resonators, recent efforts have advanced EO modulators into microscale footprints, which have nearly reached their physical limits restricted by the materials. On-chip optical interconnects require ultrafast EO modulators at the nanoscale. The technical barrier may not be well overcome based on conventional approaches and well-known materials. Herein, we report an EO modulator, more specifically electro-absorption (EA) modulator, based on the integration of a novel yet inexpensive active material, indium tin oxide (ITO), in a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) plasmonic waveguide platform, where the field effect is then greatly enhanced by high-k insulator and double capacitor gating scheme. The modulator waveguide length is only 800 nm, which is the smallest recorded dimension according to our knowledge. Preliminary results show that it has extinction ratio of 1.75 (2.43 dB) at 10 MHz, works up to 500 MHz (limited by testing setup for now), and can potentially operate at high speed.
‘Biology is easy, physics is hard’: Student perceptions of the ideal and the typical student across STEM higher education

ABSTRACT This paper draws upon in-depth interviews with 89 students from two UK universities to explore how students from Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) degrees describe the ideal as well as the typical student in their respective disciplines. We provide a comparative insight into the similarities and differences between disciplinary identities based on student perceptions. More specifically, we consider how undergraduates from biology, engineering, mathematics and physics construct the ideal and the typical student in their degree, highlighting the popular discourses and desirable traits that appear to characterise students in these disciplines. In addition to a masculinised construction of students in engineering, mathematics and physics, we found a social hierarchy within STEM degrees where biology was perceived as the easier STEM subject. We conclude with a discussion of the impact of such hierarchies on student identities in STEM, and potential implications for equality, diversity and inclusion.
Magnetic separation of ilmenite used as an oxygen carrier in fluidized bed combustion Bachelor’s thesis in Chemical Engineering

This bachelor thesis studies how oxidation and reduction cycles during oxygen carrier aided combustion (OCAC) operation, as well as ash interaction, affect the magnetic susceptibility of ilmenite particles used as oxygen carriers. Magnetically separated samples of bottom ash collected from Kraftringen’s circulating fluidized boiler located in Örtofta (Sweden) were analysed. The samples were part of an OCAC campaign from April 2018, in which waste wood and wood chips were used as fuel. Particles from the fresh material, the bottom ash, as well as the fractions separated by a magnet the magnetic fraction (magnetic accept) and the non-magnetic fraction (magnetic reject) collected from different days were morphologically and chemically characterized using SEM-EDS. XRD was used for crystalline compounds identification and XRF was used for the analysis of the bulk composition of the samples. The aforementioned analysis were complemented with magnetic susceptibility measurements of the samples. The separation of the magnet was found not to be totally effective as artifacts (namely feldspar in the magnetic fraction and inactivated ilmenite in the magnetic reject) were detected in the samples. The results indicate that prolonged residence time of the bed material in the boiler increased the presence of CaTi0.8Fe0. 2O2.9 enrichments in the ash layer of the particles from the magnetic accept fraction. It was observed that ash compounds do not interfere significantly in the bulk magnetic susceptibility. Magnetic susceptibility increased with longer residence time, where the suggested cause behind it was the possible Fe migration towards the surface of ilmenite particles, and its oxidation to magnetic Fe oxides – titanomagnetite and hematite. The results from the work suggest that the magnetic susceptibility of bed material increases with residence time in the boiler, and so does the ash uptake. Early separation can result in fresh material ending in the magnetic reject fraction. Based on these results, an optimal time window for the extraction, separation, recirculation and/or renewal of the bed material can be defined that will likely result in an increase in separation efficiency of the bed material. Therewith, magnetic susceptibility measurements could be a useful tool in the optimization and decision making regarding this time window.
SELF-COMPASSION AS PREDICTOR OF STRESS AND COPING STRATEGIES: A STUDY ON UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS

The present study explored the relationship between self-compassion as predictor of stress, and coping strategies in undergraduate students. Data of 234 undergraduate students were selected from Karachi, Pakistan. It was hypothesized self-compassion would be a predictor of perceived level of stress and coping strategies and there will be a significant difference in levels of self-compassion, levels of perceived stress and coping strategies between male and female undergraduate students. Convenience sampling was used to collect data. The participants gave demographic information and filled the Self-Compassion Scale - short form (SCS-SF), Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) and Brief COPE scale. Correlation, Regression, Independent Sample t -Test and ANOVA were used for analysis of results. Results verified that self-compassion is related to coping strategies and there is a difference in levels of self-compassion between boys and girls. Implications of the study are discussed.
Fibers reinforcement of the fissured clayey soil by desiccation

The cracks caused by desiccation induce rapid failures as rapid shallow landslides in stiff and fragile clayey soils. Several environmental structures such as landfill liners and road embankments are often constructed by compaction of a series of soil layers. These works suffered in many cases of disorders due to desiccation. One of the potential valuable techniques to reduce these disorders is the short fibers reinforcement. Fibers reduce the cracks propagation and the geometric cracks characteristics such as the length, depth and opening. The paper presents an experimental characterization of the crack pattern observed in compacted samples at optimum water content (OMC) with and without fibers reinforcement. 2D Image Analysis has been used to investigate the characteristics of the geometric cracks. Alfa natural short fibers used to assure the reinforcement, reduced the carks' propagation by stopping the propagation and reducing their 3D opening (surface opening and depth growth). The role of fibers to improve the tensile strength and reduce the growth of the crack has been well-highlighted. At this stage, a simple model was calibrated to predict the tensile strength for reinforced soil specimens with short fibers considering various fibers contents and fiber's geometrical characteristics.
-1-The impacT of Trade on growTh: a graviTy model-based insTrumenT approach on posT-communisT europe

This study is based on the literature started by Frankel and Romer (1999) on using instruments for predicted trade to analyze its effect on growth. It uses panel data to better control for possible time-invariant characteristics. The fall of communism is used as an exogenous shock to the system. The study finds that not all attempts at creating good instruments are successful. However the instruments that perform well lead to results comparable with the existing literature. Trade is found to have a positive and significant effect on a country’s income.
Iterative Evidence Searching over Long Structured Documents for Question Answering

We propose a simple yet effective model, D OC - 001 H OPPER , for selecting evidence from long 002 structured documents to answer complex ques-003 tions. Similar to multi-hop question-answering 004 (QA) systems, at each step, D OC H OPPER it-005 eratively uses a query q to extract information 006 from a document, and combines this informa-007 tion with q to produce the next query. How-008 ever, in contrast to most previous multi-hop 009 QA systems, D OC H OPPER is able to extract 010 either short or long sections of the document, 011 thus emulating a multi-step process of “navi-012 gating” through a long document to answer a 013 question. To enable this novel behavior, D OC - 014 H OPPER does not combine document informa-015 tion with q by concatenating text to the text of 016 q , but by combining a compact neural represen-017 tation of q with a compact neural representation 018 of a (potentially large) hierarchical part of the 019 document. We evaluate D OC H OPPER on three 020 different tasks that require reading long struc-021 tured documents and finding multiple pieces of 022 evidence, and show D OC H OPPER outperforms 023 Transformer models for plain text input. Addi-024 tionally, D OC H OPPER is efficient at inference 025 time, being 10–250 times faster than baselines. 026
Predicting Gifted EFL Students’ Goal Orientation, Cognitive Engagement, Perceived Linguistic Competence, and Achievement with Epistemological Beliefs By

The current study examined the epistemological beliefs of gifted EFL students compared to nongifted ones at the Saudi Arabian context. More specifically, the study investigated how far epistemological beliefs can be potential predictors of gifted EFL students’ goal orientation, cognitive engagement, perceived linguistic competence and achievement. Four tools were used for data collection, including an Epistemological Beliefs Questionnaire, a Goal Orientation Questionnaire, a Cognitive Engagement Questionnaire, and a Perceived Linguistic Competence Questionnaire. Students’ achievement was assessed by their GPAs. These tools were administered to a cohort of 163 (37 gifted, 126 nongifted) EFL students in the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth levels in Riyadh Teachers’ College. Findings of the study indicated that gifted EFL students possess sophisticated epistemological beliefs along the six epistemological belief dimensions. Variance in development among belief dimensions did exist with beliefs in the “integration of knowledge” being the most sophisticated and beliefs in the “source of knowledge” the most naive. Findings of the study also indicated that gifted EFL students hold more sophisticated epistemological beliefs than their nongifted peers. Statistically significant differences were found between gifted and nongifted students in five of the six dimensions under investigation. No significant difference was found between the two groups in the “source of knowledge” dimension. Further, findings of the study indicated that some epistemological dimensions can potentially predict given psychological constructs but not others. The epistemological dimension of the “integration of knowledge” had the greatest predictive power. It predicted most of the variables under consideration in the current study (perceived linguistic competence, strategic processing of linguistic knowledge, self-regulation of language learning situations, persistence when encountering difficulties in language learning settings, and overall achievement in EFL classes). The “certainty of knowledge” dimension predicted such variables as performance goal orientation, strategic processing of linguistic input, self-regulation of language learning endeavors, persistence in the face of difficulties, and overall achievement in language classes. acquisition” The structure of knowledge dimension predicted students’ overall achievement in language classes. The study provides some recommendations for the education of the linguistically gifted students and suggestions for further research.