Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nuevas adiciones al listado mundial de ácaros oribátidos (Acari, Oribatida) (14ªactualización)

espanolSe crean tres nuevos generos, Protodamaeus n. gen., Separachipteria n. gen. y Baloghacarus Balogh & Mahunka, 1981 n. gen., tres nuevos subgeneros, Austrocarabodes (Austroflexa) n. subgen. , Gephyrazetes (Oligogephyrazetes) n. subgen. y Steganacarus (Pluristeganacarus) n. subgen. , y se describe una especie nueva, Eohypochthonius berninii n. sp. Se dan cuatro nuevos nombres, Leptotocepheus (Leptotocepheus) corpuzrarosae n. nom. , Austrocarabodes (Uluguroides) pentatrichus wallworki n. nom. , Berniniella aequivoca n. nom. y Scheloribates ewingi n. nom. , y se proponen dos nuevas sinonimias genericas, Totobates Hammer, 1961 (=Maculobates Hammer, 1962 n. syn.) y Baloghacarus Balogh et Mahunka, 1981 (=Baloghacarus Mahunka, 1983 n. syn.). Se actualizan nomenclatorialmente dos antiguas especies olvidadas, Oribates globulus Koch, 1841 nomen oblitum e Hydrozetes speciosus (Piersig, 1895) n. comb. , y se considera a Euzetes globulus (Nicolet, 1855) nomen protectum. Se realizan una serie de nuevas combinaciones nomenclatoriales y se adjuntan tambien unas claves de generos de la familia Phthiracaridae EnglishAbstract: Three new genera, Protodamaeus n. gen., Separachipteria n. gen. and Baloghacarus Balogh & Mahunka, 1981 n. gen., three new subgenera, Austrocarabodes (Austroflexa) n. subgen. , Gephyrazetes (Oligogephyrazetes) n. subgen. and Steganacarus (Pluristeganacarus) n. subgen. , and a new species, Eohypochthonius berninii n. sp. are described. Four new names, Leptotocepheus (Leptotocepheus) corpuzrarosae n. nom. , Austrocarabodes (Uluguroides) pentatrichus wallworki n. nom. , Berniniella aequivoca n. nom. and Scheloribates ewingi n. nom. are proposed, as well as two new generic synonyms, Totobates Hammer, 1961 (=Maculobates Hammer, 1962 n. syn.) and Baloghacarus Balogh et Mahunka, 1981 (=Baloghacarus Mahunka, 1983 n. syn.). The nomenclature of two old forgotten species, Oribates globulus Koch, 1841 nomen oblitum and Hydrozetes speciosus (Piersig, 1895) n. comb. is updated, and Euzetes globulus (Nicolet, 1855) is considered nomen protectum. A series of new nomenclatural combinations are proposed, together with a key to the genera of the family Phthiracaridae
Identification and Characterization of The Causal Agent of Infected Iceberg Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.) in Perak, Malaysia

Lack of knowledge about the causal agent of infected crops lead farmers to use wrong treatment on their crops, which is causing negative effects on environment and human’s health. This study was conducted to identify and characterize the causal agent from the infected iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in Perak, Malaysia. The infected iceberg lettuces were sampling from Perak area and the causal agent was isolated by direct plating technique on a nutrient medium. The isolated bacteria were identified by molecular method and biochemical test. Molecular identification was carried out using 16S rRNA sequence and then, several tests such as amylase, catalase, oxidase and others were done for identification of bacterial species based on their biochemical activities. The obtained results showed that Serratia marcescenes and Stenotrophomonas sp. were identified as the causal agents. The pathogenicity has been confirmed by the establishment of Koch’s Postulate, which showed 100% disease infection on them. The environmental effects also have been tested on the bacteria to study the ability of bacteria to grow in different environmental conditions based on different in pH, salinity, and temperature. All the bacterial sample showed that they able to growth on the pH between 4.0 to 9.0, at the temperature 10 °C to 45 °C and at the addition salinity to the medium between 2.5 %, 5.0% and 7.5 %. Keywords: Stenotrophomonas sp. , Serratia sp. , lettuce, lettuce disease
INTESTINAL PARASITISM AMONG TOBA QOM ETHNIC CHILDREN OF THE SAN FRANCISCO DE ASIS VILLAGE, CITY OF BENJAMÍN ACEVAL, PARAGUAY

Background: Enteroparasitoses are caused by species of helminths and protozoa which affect the gastrointestinal tract causing infections that, depending on the severity of pathogenicity, can be fatal to the infected host. This research has the objective of investigate the identity and prevalence of enteroparasites among children of the Toba Qom ethnic people established at the San Francisco de Asis Community, city of Benjamín Aceval, Paraguay. Methods: Ninety faeces aliquots from children were stored in 10% formaldehyde solution and the laboratory tests were performed by the techniques of Hoffman, Pons and Janer, Willis and Kinyoun at the Laboratory of Research on Parasitic Diseases of the UNIABEU University Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Results: Among the 90 examined samples, 58 were positive (64.44%), and 32 (35.56%) were negative. The following parasitic species were found: nematode helminths of the species Ascaris lumbricoides (1.11%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (4.44%); cestodes of the species Hymenolepis nana (11.11%) and Taenia spp. (1,1%); Protozoa of the species Endolimax nana (8.89%), Iodamoeba butschlii (6,67%), Giardia lamblia (7,78%) and Entamoeba coli (25,55%), Entamoeba histolytica/díspar (10%) and the Chromista Blastocystis spp (7.78%). Conclusions: The parasitological profile of the Toba Qom population of the San Francisco de Asis community presents quite different characteristics when compared to the other indigenous groups reported in the scientific literature. This fact suggests that socio-cultural characteristics, environmental aspects, health and hygiene habits peculiar to each population group influence in a determinant way the prevalence and variety of parasitic species that affect the diverse population groups. The results of this research were the basis for the treatment of parasitoses and the plan of preventive actions regarding the transmission of these diseases.
Neutralizing antibody responses to an HIV envelope glycan hole are not easily broadened

Extensive studies with subtype A BG505-derived HIV envelope glycoprotein (Env) SOSIP immunogens have revealed that the dominant autologous neutralizing site in rabbits is located in an exposed region of the heavily glycosylated trimer that lacks potential N-linked glycosylation sites at positions 230, 241, and 289. The Env derived from B41, a subtype B virus, shares a glycan hole centered on positions 230 and 289. BG505 and B41 SOSIP immunogens were combined to test whether immunization in rabbits could induce broader Tier 2 neutralizing responses to the common glycan hole shared between BG505 and B41. Here we isolated autologous neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) that were induced by immunization with B41 SOSIP alone, as well as B41 and BG505 co-immunization, and describe their structure in complex with the B41 SOSIP trimer. Our data suggest that distinct autologous nAb lineages are induced by BG505 and B41 immunogens, even when both immunogens were administered together. In contrast to previously described BG505 glycan hole antibodies, the B41-specific nAbs accommodate the highly conserved N241 glycan (>97% conserved), which is present in B41. Single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) studies confirmed that B41 and BG505-specific nAbs bind to overlapping glycan hole epitopes. In an attempt to broaden the reactivity of a B41-specific nAb, mutations in the BG505 glycan hole epitope guided by our high-resolution data only recovered partial binding. Overall, designing prime-boost immunogens to increase the breath of nAb responses directed at glycan holes epitopes remains challenging even when the typically immunodominant glycan holes despite overlap with different Envs. IMPORTANCE A glycan hole is one of the most dominant autologous neutralizing epitopes targeted on BG505 and B41 SOSIP trimer immunized rabbits. Our high-resolution cryoEM studies of B41 in complex with a B41-specific antibody complex elucidate the molecular basis of this strain-specific glycan hole response. We conclude that eliciting cross-reactive responses to this region would likely require hybrid immunogens that bridge between BG505 and B41.
Administration of encapsulated L-tryptophan improves duodenal starch digestion and increases gastrointestinal hormones secretions in beef cattle

Objective This study investigated the effects of oral administration of rumen-protected L-tryptophan (RPL-T) on duodenal starch digestion and gastrointestinal hormones (GIH) secretions using Hanwoo beef steers as the animal models. Methods Four steers (423±24 kg) fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were employed in a crossover design replicated twice. Treatments were control (basal diet) and RPL-T (basal diet+191.1 mg/kg body weight [BW]) group. Blood and duodenal samples were collected to measure serum GIH levels and pancreatic α-amylase activity at day 0, 1, 3, and 5 (−30, 30, 90, 150, and 210 min) of the study. Samples from each segment of the gastrointestinal tract were collected via ruminal and duodenal cannulas and were used to determine soluble protein and the starch digestion rate at days 6 (−30, 180, 360, and 540 min) and 8 (−30, 90, 270, and 450 min) of the experiment. Results No significant difference in ruminal pH, NH3-N, and total volatile fatty acid including the levels of acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, isovalerate, and the acetate-to-propionate ratio was observed between groups (p>0.05). Crude protein uptake was higher and feces starch content was lower in RPL-T group than the control group (p<0.05). The D-glucose contents of feces in RPL-T group decreased at day 5 compared to those in the control group (p<0.05), however, no change was found at day 0, 1, or 3 compared to the control group (p>0.05). Serum cholecystokinin (CCK), melatonin, duodenal pancreatic α-amylase activity, and starch digestion were significantly higher in RPL-T group than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion Taken together, oral administration of RPL-T at the rate of 191.1 mg/kg BW consistently increased CCK concentration, pancreatic α-amylase activity in duodenal fluids, and starch digestion rate in the small intestine and thus found to be beneficial.
The clinical efficacy of berberine in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Methods Berberine was added to the 40 type a diabetic patients without the change of their previous therapy.Of 40 patients,24 were males,and 16 females.Their ages varied between 36 and 62 years,and courses of disease were 2 to 12 years.All the patients were treated by recipe of diabetes mellitus and exercises.And then investigate the differences in fat,sugar and insulin(fasting and 2 hour after eat)of blood before and after treatment.Results The differences were remarkable of blood glucose fasting(12.43±0.33/9.87±0.31)mmol/L,P0.05,and 2 hour postprandial(19.81±0.89/14.43±1.12)mmol/L,P0.05,Preprandial insulin (9.88±0.31/13.05±0.42)mmol/L,and 2 hour postprandial insulin(22.83±3.82/41.97±2.97)mmol/L after the treatment of berberine.Moreover,the decline of cholesterol(4.68±0.87/4.37±0.68)mmol/L and triglyceride(1.61±0.56/1.52±0.59) mmol/L,was more remarkable(P0.05). Conclusion The blood glucose and lipid of blood can be reduced by berberine,at the same time the insulin secretion can also improve in the patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Interspecific competition in bats and diet shifts in response to white‐nose syndrome

Since the introduction of white-nose syndrome (WNS) in North America, numerous species of bat have dwindled in numbers. These declines observed are often species-specific and thus provides opportunity for a natural experiment to test for shifts in diet through relaxed resource partitioning in bat communities post-introduction of WNS. Acoustic monitoring at locations in Southern Ontario pre(2009– 2011) and post-WNS (2012–2014) introduction showed an increase in activity of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) corresponding to a decline in the activity of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). Next-generation sequencing of bat stomachs and guano in Southern Ontario before and after WNS allowed for the characterization of diet changes of these species. Post-WNS, E. fuscus consumed a wider breadth of prey and many of the insect species once consumed by M. lucifugus, including several pest insects. These results suggest that the introduction of WNS has resulted in relaxed interspecific competition within these bat communities in Southern Ontario.
Emerging role of long non-coding RNAs in cancer precision medicine

ABSTRACT A vast majority of the human genome encodes long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as compared to protein-coding genes (PCGs). But most efforts to determine biomarkers of anticancer drug response have focused entirely on PCGs. Comprehensive investigation of lncRNAs and drug response demonstrates that lncRNAs are indeed crucial biomarkers of drug response.
FIMBRIAE AND FLAGELLA MEDIATED SURFACE MOTILITY AND THE EFFECT OF GLUCOSE ON NONPATHOGENIC AND UROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI

We characterized the surface motility of nonpathogenic and pathogenic E. coli strains with respect to the appendage requirement, flagella versus fimbriae, and the glucose requirement. Nonpathogenic lab strains exhibited either slow or fast surface movement. The slow strains required type 1 fimbriae for movement, while the fast strains required flagella and had an insertion in the flhDC promoter region. Surface movement of three uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strains was fast and required flagella, but these strains did not have an insertion in the flhDC promoter region. We assessed swimming motility as an indicator of flagella synthesis and found that glucose inhibited swimming of the slow nonpathogenic strains but not of the fast nonpathogenic or pathogenic strains. Fimbriae-based surface motility requires glucose, which inhibits cyclic-AMP (cAMP) and flagella synthesis; therefore, we examined whether surface motility required cAMP. The surface motility of a slow, fimbriae-dominant, nonpathogenic strain did not require cAMP, which was expected because fimbriae synthesis does not require cAMP. In contrast, the surface motility of a faster, flagella-dominant, UPEC strain required cAMP, which was unexpected because swarming was unaffected by the presence of glucose. Electron microscopy verified the presence or absence of fimbriae or flagella. In summary, surface motilities of the nonpathogenic and uropathogenic E. coli strains of this study differed in the appendage used and the effects of glucose on flagella synthesis. IMPORTANCE Uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains cause 80-90% of community-acquired urinary tract infections, and recurrent urinary tract infections, which can last for years, and often become antibiotic resistant. Urinary tract infections can be associated with intra-vesical lesions extending from localized trigonitis/cystitis to widely distributed pancystitis: motility may be a factor that distinguishes between these infection patterns. Nonpathogenic and uropathogenic E. coli were shown to exhibit fimbriae- and flagella-dependent surface motility, respectively, and the difference was attributed to altered control of flagella synthesis by glucose. Uropathogenic E. coli strains grow more rapidly in urine than nonpathogenic strains, which implies differences in metabolism. Understanding the basis for glucose-insensitive control of flagella-dependent motility could provide insight into uropathogenic E. coli metabolism and virulence.
Papel del test AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Te s t ) para la detección de consumo excesivo de alcohol en Atención Primaria

The AUDIT test (cut-off 8) shows sensitivity 57-59%; specificty 91-96 %; positive likehood ra tio 6.3-14.7 and negative likehood ratio 0.47-0.42 for screening heavy drinking. The positive predictive value (10% of estimated p revalence) is 41-62% ( 8 points) and the negati ve predictive value is 4.4-4.9 (<8 points). If this test were applied in a Primary Health Ca re setting with a 10% prevalence for heavy drin king, it will detect 12 patients, it will lost 8, and it will produce a false positivo in 10 patients.
Testing Models of the Visual Word Form Area Using Combined ERP and fMRI Using the Special Properties of Chinese Characters

The visual word form area or VWFA has been of special interest for studies of reading and dyslexia and yet there are conflicting models regarding its function. Here we put the Local Combination Detector, Lexicon, and Interactive accounts to the test, using a combination of event-related potentials and functional magnetic resonance imaging. We do so using both pseudoword and reversed radical false word manipulations with Chinese characters, making use of its special properties. We recorded event-related potentials with 68 channels while twenty native Chinese speakers were making rhyme and meaning judgments on single Chinese characters and BOLD signals were collected in a 3T magnet using multi-plane EPI with a further fifteen native Chinese speakers. The word N170 showed a prolongation for reversed radical false characters while the VWFA also showed an effect of reversal, albeit only for pseudocharacters. Furthermore, an N450 rhyming effect was observed in the phonological task compared to the semantic task, but only via an interaction with reversal. The source analysis of the N450 co-registered with a Supplementary Motor Area activation. The combination of these observations suggests that the ventral orthographic pathway is partially order insensitive and that full phonological encoding occurs relatively late, supporting and expanding a model of dyslexia. Overall, they best support a version of the Lexicon account of the VWFA.
Motif V acts as a Regulator of Energy Transduction Between the Flavivirus NS3 ATPase and RNA Binding Cleft

The unwinding of double-stranded RNA intermediates is a critical component for the replication of flavivirus RNA genomes. This function is achieved by the C-terminal helicase domain of nonstructural protein 3 (NS3). As a member of the superfamily 2 (SF2) helicases, NS3 is known to require the binding and hydrolysis of ATP/NTP to translocate along and unwind double-stranded nucleic acids. However, the mechanism of energy transduction between the ATP and RNA binding pockets is not well understood. Previous molecular dynamics simulations published by our group have identified Motif V as a potential “communication hub” for this energy transduction pathway. In order to investigate the role of Motif V in this process, a study combining molecular dynamics, biochemistry and virology has been employed. Mutations of Motif V were tested in both replicon and recombinant protein systems to investigate viral genome replication, RNA binding affinity, ATP hydrolysis activity and helicase unwinding activity. Using these analyses, we found that T407A and S411A in Motif V demonstrated increased turnover rates, suggesting that the mutations causes the helicase to unwind dsRNA more quickly than WT. Additionally, simulations of each mutant were used to probe structural changes within NS3 caused by each mutation. These simulations indicate that Motif V controls communication between the ATP binding pocket and the helical gate. These data help define the linkage between ATP hydrolysis and helicase activity within NS3 and provide insight into the biophysical mechanisms for ATPase driven NS3 helicase function.
Improving the description of protein-protein association energy

Las proteinas juegan un papel fundamental en la practica totalidad de los procesos biologicos que tienen lugar en nuestras celulas. En la mayor parte de las ocasiones, las proteinas no participan en estos procesos de manera individual, sino formando complejos de dos o mas elementos. Por su indudable interes cientifico y su relevancia terapeutica, el estudio de las interacciones entre proteinas y la formacion de complejos proteicos se ha convertido en un importante campo de investigacion. Fruto de este interes, numerosas tecnicas computaciones se han desarrollado durante los ultimos anos. El docking de proteinas es una de ellas. Su principal objetivo es obtener la estructura tridimensional de los complejos proteicos partiendo de las estructuras de las subunidades que lo forman. Si bien los avances que ha experimentado las tecnicas de docking de proteinas han sido notables, todavia existen numerosos retos por resolver. El desarrollo de esta tesis se ha centrado en la creacion de nuevas herramientas computacionales que permitan cubrir algunas de estas necesidades. Hemos creado pyDockLite, una funcion de evaluacion de modelos de docking derivada de pyDock, la funcion de evaluacion desarrollada en nuestro grupo, diez veces mas rapida que esta y con un rendimiento similar. El elemento clave en pyDockLite es un nuevo termino de desolvatacion, basado en el calculo de distancias entre atomos, que permite reducir drasticamente el tiempo necesario para calcular la contribucion de la desolvatacion a la energia de pyDock de docking. Una vez contamos con una funcion de evaluacion rapida como pyDockLite, pudimos desarrollar un algoritmo de minimizacion en cuerpo rigido que obtiene excelentes resultados cuando las subunidades se encuentran en su conformacion holo. Combinando este algoritmo con modos normales fuimos capaces de modelar la flexibilidad de las proteinas, mejorando los modelos de los complejos finales, en especial aquellos correspondientes a proteinas flexibles y con flexibilidad media. Asi mismo, proponemos una nueva manera de describir el paisaje energetico de docking basado en ensamblados, que integra tecnicas de clustering, sampleo conformacional y evaluacion de consenso y mostramos como mejora los resultados de docking. Hemos desarrollado un nuevo metodo para calcular la energia de docking por residuo. Mostramos como podemos utilizar este metodo para identificar los residuos mas relevantes en la formacion de los complejos proteicos, asi como para estimar los cambios en la afinidad de enlace provocados por mutaciones a alanina. Tambien presentamos un metodo para evaluar los cambios en la afinidad de enlace provocados por cualquier tipo de mutacion. Este metodo combina pyDock y MODELLER. Los resultados obtenidos son similares a los de otros metodos de referencia. Por ultimo, proponemos una nueva funcion de evaluacion que combina el indice de FTDock con la energia electrostatica y de van der Waals de pyDock para evaluar modelos de complejos proteina-ARN.
Evidence for shared ancestry between Actinobacteria and Firmicutes bacteriophages

Bacteriophages are known to display a broad range of host spectra, typically infecting a small set of related bacterial species. The transfer of bacteriophages between more distant clades of bacteria has often been postulated, but remains mostly unaddressed. In this work we leverage the sequencing of novel cluster of phages infecting Streptomyces bacteria and the availability of large numbers of complete phage genomes in public repositories to address this question. Using phylogenetic and comparative genomics methods, we show that several clusters of Actinobacteria-infecting phages are more closely related between them, and with a small group of Firmicutes phages, than with any other Actinobacteriophage lineage. These data indicate that this heterogeneous group of phages shares a common ancestor with well-defined genome structure. Analysis of genomic %GC content shows that these Actinobacteriophages are poorly adapted to their Actinobacteria hosts, suggesting that this phage lineage originated in an ancestor of the Firmicutes, adapted to high %GC content members of this phylum and later migrated to the Actinobacteria.