Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectral function analysis on the Holstein polaron problem Extraction of the self-energy and coupling strength, and their implications for angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy

This thesis first reviews and examines the Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES) experiment. It is shown that the spectral density function, familiar from the Green's function method of studying correlated systems, can be directly measured. A model spectral function with a nontrivial self-energy is then used to test an improvement to a recently arrived method[15, 17] to analyze A R P E S data. This new method relies on self-consistency between the real and imaginary parts of the self-energy (as measured through the Kramers-Kronig transform) to overcome the requirement of knowing the bare electronic structure. Through this, the method extracts both the complex self-energy and the bare electronic structure from the spectral function. The method described here is an improvement on this idea as previously implemented in that a strict form for the bare band dispersion (previously considered linear or quadratic) is never assumed. Although the method here utilized a polynomial of arbitrary degree, it could be trivially expanded to use any other functional form so long as both the value and first derivative are known analytically as a function of the fitting parameters. Using Mona Berciu's first order momentum average (MA) approximation [2] as implemented by Glen Goodvin[8] the spectral function as well as momentum independent self-energy were calculated for the Holstein polaron for a wide range of parameters. It was found that self-consistent spectral function analysis was highly successful at extracting the self energy and bare electronic dispersion from the spectral function over a consistent subset of these parameters. For studies outside this range of parameters the more traditional A R P E S analysis method of measuring renormalization is also examined.
A Novel Granularity-based Classification in Cloud Environment

Wenjuan Shao 1, , Qingguo Shen , Xianli Jin 3,c and Liaoruo Huang 1 Zijin College, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023 China 2 College of Communications Engineering, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210007 China 3 Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003 – China a shaowj_nj@139.com, b shenqg2016@163.com, c jxl@njupt.edu. cn, d huangliaoruo@sina.com
CONFIDENCE REGIONS FOR PARAMETERS OF LINEAR MODELS

A method is suggested for constructing a conservative confidence region for the parameters of a linear model on the basis of a linear estimator. In metaanalytical applications, when the results of independent but heterogeneous studies are to be combined, this region can be employed with little to no knowledge of error variances. The formulas for the smallest volume and the corresponding critical constant are derived. The method is compared to several resampling schemes by Monte Carlo simulation, and particular cases of one or two parameters are examined.
Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid Transport and Dynamics in Simulated Karst Conduits

Flow and contaminant transport in karstic aquifers differs drastically from porous media. Little work has been done to quantify the transport dynamics of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in karst in the lab. Some studies have 3-D printed fractures to evaluate multiphase transport at the core scale, but examination of conduit flow using this technique is lacking in the literature. This project illustrates some of the strengths and limitations of 3-D printing and using X-ray computed tomography (XRCT) to characterize flow. After testing prints made from stereolithographic resin (SLA) and polyactic acid (PLA) plastic, we decided to use acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic to construct flow cells to image turbulent water-NAPL-analog flow in conduits using XRCT. To mimic conduit flow transport dynamics, printed conduit apertures are elliptical and measure more than 1 cm in cross sectional area to promote turbulent flow. Fused filament fabrication, a type of 3-D printing process used during construction, produces permeable prints. To minimize communication between the conduit and surrounding support matrix allowing reuse of flow cells, we moderately melted cores using acetone vapor. This allows dissolved plastic to fill and harden between layers making the walls impermeable. Flow of water and hydrogel beads, a potential non-toxic NAPL analog tracer candidate, was imaged with a modified XRCT scanner. XRCT images were stitched
Surnames and Identities

This paper, based on a survey of 314 Oslo residents, investigates the relationship between surname and identity. The aim was to find out whether the modern individual experiences his or her surname as a part of his or her identity, and what bond exists between surname and locale. Late modern society typically reveals a fragmentation of individuals from family background and place of origin. A hypothesized outcome of this separation, envisages a further breach between the individual and the area their surname denotes. If one's surname is experienced as part of one's identity, what then is the main reason for this? Are there in fact different experiences of identity based on some typology of names borne by individuals?
A Hierarchical Fuzzy Decision Maker for the Weapon Target Assignment

Abstract The Weapon Target Assignment problem is the problem of assigning weapons to threats with the objective of minimizing the expected survival value of threats. In this work, a Hierarchical Fuzzy Decision Maker is considered as an alternative decision-aid system for the Weapon Target Assignment. Thus, a novel procedure is proposed to identify Hierarchical Fuzzy Decision Makers such that entire hierarchy satisfies a desired approximation performance even with a strict constraint on the size of rule base. The idea is to increase approximation performance through cascaded stages. The proposed procedure is applied to implement a Hierarchical Fuzzy Decision Maker for a number of randomly sampled Weapon Target Assignment instances on a realistic scenario. The simulation results show that identified systems have satisfactory performance and serviceable on the battlefield.
Equivalence of domains for hyperbolic Hubbard-Stratonovich transformations

We settle a long standing issue concerning the traditional derivation of non-compact non-linear sigma models in the theory of disordered electron systems: the hyperbolic Hubbard-Stratonovich (HS) transformation of Pruisken-Schafer type. Only recently the validity of such transformations was proved in the case of U(p, q) (non-compact unitary) and O(p, q) (non-compact orthogonal) symmetry. In this article we give a proof for general non-compact symmetry groups. Moreover, we show that the Pruisken-Schafer type transformations are related to other variants of the HS transformation by deformation of the domain of integration. In particular we clarify the origin of surprising sign factors which were recently discovered in the case of orthogonal symmetry.
Inundation Depth, Duration, and Temperature Influence Fremont Cottonwood (Populus fremontii) Seedling Growth and Survival

ABSTRACT. Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii) is an early successional foundation species found in riparian forest ecosystems in the North American Southwest. Along rivers, the upper limit of the seedling establishment zone depends on the proximity of seedling roots to the declining water table. The lower limit is a function of the maximum elevation of inundation or scour. Fremont cottonwood seedlings are likely to experience short-term (1- to 5-week) inundation during their first year of growth under both natural and human-influenced hydrologic regimes. Previous studies show that inundation can account for more than 70% of seedling mortality during this time. Using controlled inundation experiments, we found that seedlings of Fremont cottonwood have high tolerance of inundation to the soil surface and a reasonable tolerance of complete shoot submergence for a duration of 1 or 2 weeks (22% and 50% mortality, respectively). Mortality increased linearly with days of complete submergence (mortality percentage = 4.6 + [2.5 × days of submergence]). Warm water temperature (25/18 °C day/night) during complete submergence adversely affected seedling biomass and survival, resulting in 64% mortality versus 39% with cooler water temperatures (18/11 °C day/night). Our results indicate that establishment of new Fremont cottonwood populations in the riparian corridor will be more successful when flows do not completely cover the shoots of seedlings for more than 2 weeks and if water temperatures during inundation are cool. From the perspective of the management of river flows for cottonwood recruitment, deep, prolonged, late-season (warm water) inundations are the most detrimental.
Calculation of Type III Radio Emission from a Particle Transport Model

Type III radio bursts are produced when beams of electrons (2 to 50 keV) originating at the Sun generate radio emission at the local plasma frequency as they move out through the heliosphere. As the beams encounter successively lower and lower plasma density the emission frequency becomes lower. If the electrons actually reach the observer, the frequency can be as low as the local plasma frequency. Recent work concludes that there is an intimate connection between the propagation of electrons and protons, and among electrons of vastly different energies. As a result we have begun an effort to incorporate calculations of radio emission into our comprehensive propagation model. I report on the first results of this calculation.
Semiparametric duration analysis with an endogenous binary variable: An application to hospital stays

Background: In duration analysis, we find situations where covariates are simultaneously determined along with the duration variable. Moreover, although the models based on a hazard rate do not explicitly assume heterogeneity, in applied econometrics, the possibility of omitted variables is inevitable and controlling population heterogeneity alone is inadequate. It is important to consider both heterogeneity and endogeneity in duration analysis. Objectives and methods: Explicitly assuming semiparametric correlated heterogeneity, this paper proposes an alternative robust duration model with an endogenous binary variable that generalizes the heterogeneity of both duration and endogeneity using Hermite polynomials. Under these setups, we investigate the difference between the endogenous binary variable's coefficients of the parametric and semiparametric models using the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data. Results: The parameter values of the endogenous binary variable (insurance choice) are statistically significant at the 1% level; however, the values differ among the parametric and semiparametric models and the any type of insurance choice increases the length of hospital stays by 104.010% in the censored parametric model, and 182.074% in the censored semiparametric model. Compared with the parametric model, the increase of hospital stays in the semiparametric model is large. Moreover, we find that the semiparametric model a twin-peak distribution and that the contour lines differ from the usual ellipsoids of the bivariate normal density. Conclusions: When applied to the duration of hospital stays of the MEPS data, the estimated results of the semiparametric model shows a good performance. The absolute values of the endogenous binary regressor coefficients of the semiparametric models are larger than that of the parametric model. The parametric model underestimates the effect of the individual's insurance choice in our example. Moreover, the estimated densities of the semiparametric models have twin peak distribution.
A Fast-Converging, Cascaded Adaptive Canceller

Abstract : A fast-converging, highly parallel/pipeline cascaded canceller (FCC) is developed, which has convergence performance almost identical in many pertinent jamming scenarios to the fast maximum likelihood (FML) canceller. For both the FML and FCC developments it is assumed that the unknown interference covariance matrix has the structure of an identity matrix plus an unknown positive semi-definite Hermitian (psdh) matrix. The identity matrix component is associated with the known covariance matrix of the system noise, and the unknown psdh matrix is associated with the external noise environment. For narrowband jamming scenarios with J jammers, where J is less than some upperbound, it was shown via simulation that the FCC and FML converge on the average -3 dB below the optimum in about 2J independent sample vectors per sensor input. Both the FCC and FML converge much faster than the standard canceller technique: the Sampled Matrix Inversion (SMI) algorithm.
The Role of People and Sensors in the Development of Smart Cities: A Systematic Literature Review

Over the last few years, with rapid population growth in the biggest cities of the world, issues like air pollution, water scarcity, and intense traffic conditions, have become more evident. Trying to mitigate them, the concept of Smart City was presented, which uses technology and human resources to manage urban resources in a sustainable manner. As new scientific researches about this phenomenon are being carried out, the importance of both human and technological resources remain implicit in the development of Smart Cities. But, it is not clear what role is occupied in the different stages of evolution, which leads a city to be considered Smart. Given this context, in this paper we used the SLR method to analyze scientific publications, and thus to determine what is the role of the human factor, represented by people, and technological, represented by sensors, in the development of smart cities. We also created the overview of the scientific research, and can identify the most and least studied areas among those addressed in this study. Keywords–Smart City; Sensors; IoT; People; Open Innovation.
Copycat or Creative Innovator? Reproduction as a Pedagogical Strategy in Schools.

This article explores how student behaviour and interactions change when teachers use 'producing' as a primary pedagogical strategy (Papert, 1980; Ejsing-Duun and Karoff, 2014). Based on observed student and teacher actions and responses, as well as students' production, this paper emphasizes the importance of understanding how students explore creativity and playfulness while producing in learning situations. This paper is based on a large research project called 'Children as Learning Designers in a Digital School (2013-2015)', funded by Denmark's Ministry of Education, which included fieldwork in five Danish public schools, involved about 500 students, and comprised six interventions in the first, second, fifth, sixth, and tenth grades. The project's empirical data consist of observations, participatory observation, and productions students created during the interventions. This paper presents an analysis of how students were creative and playful while producing learning material as games during three of the project's interventions. The study is based on a specific understanding of the creativity with a point of departure (Boden, 2004; Tanggaard and Wegener, 2015) and playfulness (Karoff, 2013) that occur in learning situations. We approach creativity and playfulness as new methods of learning, through six areas of change that inform '(…)how today's kids play and learn, and, more generally, how they see themselves, relate to others, dwell in place, and treat things' (Ackermann, 2013: 119). This paper investigates how educators handle children's productive processes in a school setting and how teachers can conceptualize and nurture play and creativity as drivers for learning. In this context, the importance of skills and acknowledgement of reproducing and re- mixing existing materials is discussed. We further argue that playfulness is necessary for creativity to occur. From this point of view, it is possible to understand how learning activities can support creativity—an essential twenty-first century skill (Levinsen and Sorensen, 2015).
Redistribution with Endogenous Sentiments

In this paper we present a model of rational voting over redistribution where indi- vidual attitudes toward others are endogenously determined. Individuals dier in their productivity as well as their degree of social concern. Individuals'behavior is in‡uenced by moral standards. This means, agents determine what they take to be proper behavior and they judge others accordingly. Esteem for those who perform in excess of the norm is increased, and esteem for those who work less than the norm is decreases. This also pertains to individuals'self-esteem, which varies in relation to their own performance. As a result, the desired extent of redistribution depends both on individual income and on individual attitudes toward others, which endogenously shape political views. The model has dierent types of equilibria. In one type all individuals conform to proper behavior, income inequality is small, the social esteem for others is not biased towards any par- ticular type. Under these conditions equilibrium redistribution increases in response to larger inequality. In the other equilibria, average labor supply is larger with highly skilled workers work above the mean and are admired by everyone, while unskilled workers are considered lazy. In this equilibrium, income inequality is large and equilibrium redistri- bution may decrease in response of an increase in basic productivities. We …nd that the emergence of equilibria crucially depends on inequality, may subject to path dependence and may depend on cultural speci…cities. We contrast the US and EU social contracts in light of the predictions of the model.
Protective capital and poverty traps

We investigate a protective role for capital and the implications on poverty reduction policies. Within the framework of an overlapping generations model, the accumulation of tax-funded ‘protective capital’ increases the survival probability of productive capital from disastrous events. Key findings highlight how a low survival probability of capital can stimulate a shift to higher or lower early consumption, which might result in escapable or inescapable traps. The model explains that injection of capital can be ineffective if the required level of protection has not been attained. We show how higher TFP assists wage tax system to escape from traps.
Entrepreneurship Development through Cluster Concept: An Overview of Available Literature

This paper analyses the evolution of the concept of industrial clusters and its impact on development of entrepreneurship in micro small and medium enterprises sector, a cog in economic development of a nation, through mushrooming the literature of related studies. Clusters are the outcome of the economies of agglomerations. Clusters provide benefits such as easy access to market and skilled labour, knowledge spill overs, flexible specialisation, and reduction of transaction cost which one can exploit to be an entrepreneur. A wide variety of definition and methodological approaches for identifying clusters are proposed by relevant literature on industrial clusters. This paper will stress upon primarily to highlight the analysis of past and present approaches of industrial cluster concept and then it tries to make relationship between clusters and entrepreneurship based on available literature. This paper is to be organised into four sections. Section I is introductory in nature, section II outlines the evolution of industrial clusters concept, the impact of clusters on entrepreneurship will be highlighted in the section III and section IV will remain for making conclusions.
NICHE SEPARATION IN SYMPATRIC LION-TAILED MACAQUE (MACACA SI- LENUS) AND NILGIRI LANGUR (PRESBYTIS JOHNII) IN AN INDIAN TROPI-

The study was carried out on one group each of lion-tailed macaques and Nilgiri langurs living as sympatric groups in a rainforest in Anaimalai Hills, Western Ghats, south India. Whereas the lion-tailed macaques were found to be frugivorous/insectivorous, the Nilgiri langurs were primarily folivorous. Fruit was the only shared component in the diet of the two species. The lion-tailed macaques occupied a higher substratum than the Nilgiri langurs not only for their routine activities, but also for overall feeding and fruit feeding. The presence of lion-tailed macaques resulted in further lowering the feeding substratum and increased passivity in Nilgiri langurs. Food specialization and vertical stratification differentiate the niches of these two sympatric species. Introduction The lion-tailed macaque (Macaca silenus) is an endangered species and the Nilgiri langur (Presbytis johnii) is a threatened species. Both of these species inhabit the forests of Western Ghats in southern India. Although, the Nilgiri langur may be found in wet, moist as well as relatively dry forests, the lion-tailed macaque is restricted only to the rain forest (SINGH et al., 1997b). However, in those patches of rain forest which are relatively large (100 hectares or more), the lion-tailed macaque and the Nilgiri langur are often found to be sympatric (KUMAR et al., 1995; SINGH et al., 1997a). Although a number of studies have now been reported on the ecology and behavior of lion-tailed macaque(KUMAR, 1987; KURUP and KUMAR, 1993; SINGH et al., 1998) as well as of Nilgiri langur (POIRIER, 1968a,b; UMAPATHY and PRABHAKAR, 1996), no information has as yet been reported on the sympatric groups of these two species. The information on the behavior of the sympatric groups is essential for two reasons: (a) The species could form an interspecific association in absence of interspersed individuals, a mixed species association with interspersed individuals but without physical interactions, or a polyspecific association with individuals of the two species socially interacting (BURTON and CHAN, 1996). When two species compete for limited resources, the study of sympatric species can provide us an insight into the adaptive processes leading to niche selection wherein the climate, the forest, and the competing species are held constant (FLEAGLE, 1988). (b) In the case of endangered sympatric species, the information on feeding substratum, food items, and activity patterns etc. may help design scientifically sound conservation and management strategies. Primate Report 58, November 2000 83 MR. SINGH et al.: Niche Separation in Lion-tailed Macaque and Nilgiri langur