Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microbial reductive dechlorination of Aroclor 1260 in Baltimore Harbor sediment 4 microcosms is catalyzed by three phylotypes within the Chloroflexi 5

The specific dechlorination pathways for Aroclor 1260 were determined in Baltimore 25 Harbor sediment microcosms developed with the 11 most predominant congeners from this 26 commercial mixture and their resulting dechlorination intermediates. Most of the PCB 27 congeners were dechlorinated in the meta position, and the major products were 28 tetrachlorobiphenyls with unflanked chlorines. Using PCR primers specific for the 16S rRNA 29 genes of known PCB dehalogenating bacteria , we detected three phylotypes within the microbial 30 community that had the capability to dechlorinate PCB congeners present in Aroclor 1260 and 31 identified their selective activities. Phylotype DEH10, which has 90% sequence identity to 32 Dehalococcoides spp. , removed the double-flanked chlorine in 234-substituted congeners and 33 exhibited a preference for para -flanked meta chlorines when no double-flanked chlorines were 34 available. Phylotypes SF1 had similarity to the o- 17/DF-1 group of PCB dechlorinating bacteria. 35 Phylotype SF1 dechlorinated all the 2345-substituted congeners mostly in the double-flanked 36 meta position and 2356-, 236- and 235-substituted congeners in the ortho -flanked meta position, 37 with a few exceptions. A phylotype with 100% sequence identity to PCB dechlorinating 38 bacterium o -17 was responsible for an ortho and a double-flanked meta dechlorination reaction. 39 Most of the dechlorination pathways supported the growth of all three phylotypes based on 40 competitive PCR enumeration assays, which indicates that PCB-impacted environments have the 41 potential to sustain populations of these PCB dechlorinating microorganisms. The results 42 demonstrate that the variation in dechlorination patterns of congener mixtures typically observed 43 at different PCB impacted sites can potentially be mediated by the synergistic activities of 44 relatively few dechlorinating species.
Detection of steroid and thyroid hormones in mammalian teeth.

Endocrine tools can provide an avenue to better understand mammalian life histories and predict how individuals and populations may respond to environmental stressors; however, few options exist for studying long-term endocrine patterns in individual marine mammals. Here, we (i) determined whether hormones could be measured in teeth from four marine mammal species: narwhal (Monodon monoceros), beluga (Delphinapterus leucas), killer whale (Orcinus orca) and Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus); (ii) validated commercially available enzyme immunoassay kits for use with tooth extracts; and (iii) conducted biological validations for each species to determine whether reproductive hormone concentrations in teeth correlated with age of sexual maturity. Tooth extracts from all species had measurable concentrations of progesterone, testosterone, 17β-estradiol, corticosterone, aldosterone and triiodothyronine (T3); however, cortisol was undetectable. Parallelism between the binding curves of assay kit standards and serially diluted pools of tooth extract for each species was observed for all measurable hormones. Slopes of accuracy tests ranged from 0.750 to 1.116, with r2 values ranging from 0.977 to 1.000, indicating acceptable accuracy. Biological validations were inconsistent with predictions for each species, with the exception of female killer whales (n = 2), which assumed higher progesterone and testosterone concentrations in mature individuals than immature individuals. Instead, we observed a decline in progesterone and testosterone concentrations from infancy through adulthood in narwhal (n = 1) and walruses (n = 2) and higher reproductive hormone concentrations in immature individuals than mature individuals in belugas (n = 8 and 10, respectively) and male killer whales (n = 1 and 2, respectively). While unexpected, this pattern has been observed in other taxa; however, further analytical and biological validations are necessary before this technique can be used to assess individual mammalian endocrine patterns.
University of Birmingham Quantitative immunofluorescence microscopy of subcellular GLUT4 distribution in human skeletal muscle

Increases in insulin-mediated glucose uptake following endurance training (ET) and sprint interval training (SIT) have in part been attributed to con-comitant increases in glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein content in skeletal muscle. This study used an immunoﬂuorescence microscopy method to investigate changes in subcellular GLUT4 distribution and content following ET and SIT. Percutaneous muscle biopsy samples were taken from the m. vastus lateralis of 16 sedentary males in the overnight fasted state before and after 6 weeks of ET and SIT. An antibody was fully validated and used to show large ( > 1 l m) and smaller ( < 1 l m) GLUT4-containing clusters. The large clusters likely represent trans-Golgi network stores and the smaller clusters endosomal stores and GLUT4 storage vesicles (GSVs). Density of GLUT4 clusters was higher at the ﬁbre periphery especially in perinuclear regions. A less dense punctate distribution was seen in the rest of the muscle ﬁbre. Total GLUT4 ﬂuorescence intensity increased in type I and type II ﬁbres following both ET and SIT. Large GLUT4 clusters increased in number and size in both type I and type II ﬁbres, while the smaller clusters increased in size. The great-est increases in GLUT4 ﬂuorescence intensity occurred within the 1 l m layer immediately adjacent to the PM. The increase in peripheral localisation and protein content of GLUT4 following ET and SIT is likely to contribute to the improvements in glucose homeostasis observed after both training modes.
Half-of-the-Sites Reactivity of the Castor Δ 9-18:0-ACP Desaturase

Summary: Heterodimers of wild-type soluble Δ 9-18:0-ACP desaturase and a substrate-binding mutant 37 demonstrate a half-of-the-sites reactivity in contrast to membrane desaturases which require two 38 active subunits. 39 Abstract: 61 Fatty acid desaturases regulate the unsaturation status of cellular lipids. They comprise two distinct 63 evolutionary lineages, a soluble class found in the plastids of higher plants and an integral membrane 64 class found in plants, yeast, animals and bacteria. Both classes exhibit a dimeric quaternary structure. 65 Here we test the functional significance of dimeric organization of the soluble castor Δ9-18:0-ACP 66 desaturase, specifically the hypothesis that the enzyme uses an alternating subunit half-of-the-sites 67 reactivity mechanism whereby substrate binding to one subunit is coordinated with product release from 68 the other subunit. Using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay, we demonstrated that dimers 69 stably associate at concentrations typical of desaturase assays. An active site mutant T104K/S202E, 70 designed to occlude the substrate binding cavity, was expressed, purified and its properties validated by 71 X-ray crystallography, size exclusion chromatography and activity assay. Heterodimers comprising 72 distinctly tagged wild type (WT) and inactive mutant subunits were purified at 1:1 stoichiometry. Despite 73 having only half the number of active sites, purified heterodimers exhibit equivalent activity to WT 74 homodimers, consistent with half-of-the-sites reactivity. However, because multiple rounds of turnover 75 were observed, we conclude that substrate binding to one subunit is not required to facilitate product 76 release from the second subunit. The observed half-of-the-sites reactivity could potentially buffer 77 desaturase activity from oxidative inactivation. That soluble desaturases require only one active subunit 78 per dimer for full activity represents a mechanistic difference from the membrane class of desaturases 79 such as the Δ9-acyl-CoA Ole1p from Saccharomyces which requires two catalytically-competent subunits 80 for activity. 81
A Stitch In Time Saves Nine: Fostering Student Creativity In Writing Through Feedback

The purpose of this study is to look at the topic of creativity in writing through the use of feedback from EFL teachers in their classrooms. In Jordan, a sample of ten EFL instructors was interviewed and observed. Nine participating instructors expressed their thoughts on using feedback to enhance students' EFL writing originality, based on the researcher's interviews. Eight instructors utilized feedback in their courses to enhance their originality in EFL writing, according to the researcher's observations. It is suggested that future study look at why some instructors opt not to use creative writing activities (feedback) in their classes.Future research should look into other schools where the Ministry of Education's policy on creativity in writing is implemented to see if comparable training is being followed and how successful it is. A comparison of public and private schools would emphasize the disparities in instruction and provide valuable information on how to improve students' writing originality. This study also suggests that an experimental study be conducted to assess the effects of utilizing methods (such as feedback) to improve students' writing creativity, and that a modified TTCT be used as a pre- and post-test to do so.
A Deduplication Aware match in Cloud with protected Deduplication of Encrypted Data

- Data reduction has become increasingly necessary in storage systems as a result of the explosive growth of digital knowledge inside the planet that has ushered inside the massive knowledge era. One in each of the foremost challenges facing large-scale knowledge reduction is that the thanks to maximally observe and eliminate redundancy at really low overheads. during this paper, we have a tendency to gift a our theme, a low-overhead Deduplication-Aware likeness detection and Elimination theme that effectively exploits existing duplicate-adjacency knowledge for very economical likeness detection in knowledge deduplication based backup/archiving storage systems. the foremost arrange behind our theme is to use a subject matter, decision Duplicate-Adjacency based likeness Detection (DupAdj), by considering any 2 knowledge chunks to be similar (i.e., candidates for delta compression) if their numerous adjacent knowledge chunks area unit duplicate terribly} very deduplication system, then additional enhance the likeness detection potency by associate improved super-feature approach.
COVID-19 and VET: Risks, Impacts and Mitigation Measures in the Context of a VET Centre

Context: The effects of COVID-19 have shown diverse repercussions on VET. Among the others, it dramatically affected social-emotional learning (SEL), which represents a central point in VET systems, beside entailing an explicit double disadvantage both in the process of on-the-job training and in their insertion into the labour market. In order to cope with these emerging issues, Cometa VET centre (Como, Italy) has implemented several measures to mitigate this impact. This research aims at focusing on the impact generated by COVID-19 on both technical skills and SEL. Methods: In line with studies on SEL components, the authors have implemented a survey to identify the self-perception by a sample of Cometa VET learners, aiming at studying and analysing the emotional areas in which learners have been impaired in the learning process in the context delineated by the COVID-19. Answers have been collected before and after the pandemic impact, making possible a comparison between the two contexts. Findings: During the end of the 2019-2020 period and during the beginning of the 2020-2021 wave, the effects of the pandemic emerged in terms of an important decrease in their satisfaction and emotions. Nevertheless, at the end of the period of 2020-2021 it seems that the students improved their response in terms of motivation in the same items, mostly related with the adaptability of the pandemic with tutors' actions. Conclusions: This research aims at contributing to develop scientifically valid measurements that allow a clear diagnosis of the development of SEL in their students, and to monitor progress over time. By this system it has been possible to evaluate the negative impact of Covid emergency on the SEL dimensions of the Cometa VET program, mitigated by specific measures of tutoring.
Does Shari’ah screening methodology matter?

The identification of Shari’ah compliant stocks is known as Shari’ah screening, which is announced to the public twice a year. The previous methodology is employed in 1995 to May 2013 and the revised methodology is employed in November 2013 until now, which provides certainty and clarity on the status of stocks listed on the stock exchange. There is a lack of research conducted to study the effect of classifying stocks as Shari’ah compliant and non-Shari’ah compliant on stock returns, by employing both previous and revised methodologies at a time. Hence, this study aims to investigate the effects of announcement of inclusion (removal) of stocks in (from) the Shari’ah Compliant List on stock returns, using the previous and revised Shari’ah screening methodology. Employing the event study methodology in years 2007 – 2015, this study found that inclusion of stocks in Shari’ah Compliant List leads to the increment of stock returns, whilst the removal of stocks from the list leads to the decreasing of stock returns regardless of using the previous or revised screening methodology.
The Effects of Urban Forms on the PM 2.5 in China: A Hierarchical Multiscale Analysis

: For a better environment and sustainable development of China, it is indispensable to unravel how urban forms (UF) affect the fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) concentration. However, research in this area have not been updated consider multiscale and spatial heterogeneities, thus providing insufficient or incomplete results and analyses. In this study, UF at different scales were extracted and calculated from remote sensing land-use/cover data, and panel data models were then applied to analyze the connections between UF and PM 2.5 concentration at the city and provincial scales. Our comparison and evaluation results showed that the PM 2.5 concentration could be affected by the UF designations, with the largest patch index (LPI) and landscape shape index (LSI) the most influential at the provincial and city scales, respectively. The number of patches (NP) has a strong negative influence (−0.033) on the PM 2.5 concentration at the provincial scale, but it was not statistically significant at the city scale. No significant impact of urban compactness on the PM 2.5 concentration was found at the city scale. In terms of the eastern and central provinces, LPI imposed a weighty positive influence on PM 2.5 concentration, but it did not exert a significant effect in the western provinces. In the western cities, if the urban layout were either irregular or scattered, exposure to high PM 2.5 pollution levels would increase. This study reveals distinct ties of the different UF and PM 2.5 concentration at the various scales and helps to determine the reasonable UF in different locations, aimed at reducing the PM 2.5 concentration.
The Synergistic E ﬀ ects of Alloying on the Performance and Stability of Co 3 Mo and Co 7 Mo 6 for the Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

: Metal alloys have become a ubiquitous choice as catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen evolution in alkaline media. However, scarce and expensive Pt remains the key electrocatalyst in acidic electrolytes, making the search for earth-abundant and cheaper alternatives important. Herein, we present a facile and e ﬃ cient synthetic route towards polycrystalline Co 3 Mo and Co 7 Mo 6 alloys. The single-phased nature of the alloys is conﬁrmed by X-ray di ﬀ raction and electron microscopy. When electrochemically tested, they achieve competitively low overpotentials of 115 mV (Co 3 Mo) and 160 mV (Co 7 Mo 6 ) at 10 mA cm − 2 in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 , and 120 mV (Co 3 Mo) and 160 mV (Co 7 Mo 6 ) at 10 mA cm − 2 in 1 M KOH. Both alloys outperform Co and Mo metals, which showed signiﬁcantly higher overpotentials and lower current densities when tested under identical conditions, conﬁrming the synergistic e ﬀ ect of the alloying. However, the low overpotential in Co 3 Mo comes at the price of stability. It rapidly becomes inactive when tested under applied potential bias. On the other hand, Co 7 Mo 6 retains the current density over time without evidence of current decay. The ﬁndings demonstrate that even in free-standing form and without nanostructuring, polycrystalline bimetallic electrocatalysts could challenge the dominance of Pt in acidic media if ways for improving their stability were found.
Investigating the Use of Planning Sheets in Young Learners’ Open-Ended Scratch Projects

Open-ended tasks can be both beneficial and challenging to students learning to program. Such tasks allow students to be more creative and feel ownership over their work, but some students struggle with unstructured tasks and, without proper scaffolds, this can lead to negative learning experiences. Scratch is a widely used coding platform to teach computer science in classrooms and is designed to support learner creativity and expression. With its open-ended nature, Scratch can be used in various ways in the classroom to meet the needs of schools and districts. One challenge of using Scratch in classrooms is supporting learners in exploring their interests and fostering creativity while still meeting the instructional goals of a lesson and ensuring all students are engaged with, and understand, focal concepts and practices. In this paper, we investigate the use of planning sheets to facilitate novice programmers designing and implementing Scratch programs based on open-ended prompts. To evaluate the planning sheets, we look at how closely students’ implemented Scratch projects match their plans and whether the implemented Scratch projects met the technical requirements for the given lesson. We analyzed 303 Scratch projects from 155 middle grade students (ages 10-14) who were introduced to programming via the Scratch Encore Curriculum. Completed Scratch projects that used planning sheets (202) were qualitatively coded to evaluate how closely they matched the initial plan, and Scratch programs (303) were analyzed with an automated grader to check if technical project requirements were met. Our results reveal that students that used planning sheets met significantly more technical project requirements and had more complex structures than those that did not have planning sheets. Results differ based on teacher and type of planning sheet used (physical vs. virtual). This work suggests that planning sheets are a helpful tool for young learners when completing open-ended coding projects.
The Momentary Strength Exercisesand The Strength Distinguished By Speedwith Electrical Stimulation (Ems) And Its Effect On Some Biomechanical Variables And Achievement Of Hammer Throw

The effectiveness of throwing a hammer is one of the of games that require high-level technical performance and requires that the archers possess a correlation in Physical abilities such as types of strength rotational speed and compatibility as well as mastering the technical aspects according to the mechanical conditions that characterize this effectiveness, Through the experience of field researchers in the field of athletics, especially in throwing events, he noted that there is a low level of digital achievement and a large difference between the numbers recorded in this event for the youth category between the countries of the world and what is recorded for hammer archers in Iraq. The importance of research in preparing the momentary strength exercises and the strength distinguished by speed with electrical stimulation (EMS) and knowing their effect on some vital mechanical variables and the level of archers achievement of the category (youth) The research assumes that there are statistically significant differences between the pre and posttests of the research sample in values(Angular transmission speed, Hammer launch speed, The instantaneous strength of throwing for the full performance of the two legs , The instantaneous strength of throwing from a steadfast leg. The instantaneous push time of the arms at the moment of throwing , The instantaneous strength of the arms at the throwing, Completion distance for full performance). The implementation of the training curriculum took 12 weeks, at the rate of (3) training units per week, i.e. with a total of (36) training units during the research period. The researcher has concluded several conclusions, the most important of which were the effectiveness of exercises (instantaneous strength and strength distinguished by speed with electrical stimulation), which were used within the prepared training Approach In improving the values of the number of biomechanical variables at the moment of throwing, which had a significant impact on the Evolution of achievement.
Comparison of the Wearable Mobile Laser Scanner (WMLS) with Other Point Cloud Data Collection Methods in Cultural Heritage: A Case Study of Diokaisareia

For the protection of cultural heritage, modern techniques have been used alongside traditional methods in recent years. In addition to two modern measurement techniques (Unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanner) that have been the subject of much research as a three-dimensional (3D) data collection technique for the documentation of cultural heritage, the Wearable Mobile Laser Scanner (WMLS) technique has also recently been included in the research. Especially in cultural heritage documentation, it is essential to obtain accurate and precise data as well as fast and high-quality data. This study includes the visual and statistical comparison of the WMLS measurement method, which enables fast data collection, working with the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm, in terms of accuracy and precision. To assess the accuracy of the three measurement approaches, eighteen (18) checkpoints (ChP) considered absolute values were measured using total-station techniques. With these data, the root means square error (RMSE) of each point were determined according to all three measurement techniques, and the directional and statistical errors were calculated. As a result of this research, while the terrestrial laser scanner method with an RMSE of 0.8 cm provides the best value, the RMSE of 2.64 cm and 4.92 cm was calculated in unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry and WMLS methods, respectively. At the end of the study, theories and limitations were taken into consideration for all three approaches. It was observed that the obtained accuracy of all three provide the measurement principles of cultural heritage and that a modern measurement tool such as WMLS was a significant innovation.
Extending radiative transfer models by use of Bayes rule. [in atmospheric science]

Abstract This paper presents a procedure that extends some existing radiative transfer modeling techniques to problems in atmospheric science where curvature and layering of the medium and dynamic range and angular resolution of the signal are important. Example problems include twilight and limb scan simulations. Techniques that are extended include successive orders of scattering, matrix operator, doubling, Gauss-Seidel iteration, discrete ordinates and spherical harmonies. The procedure for extending them is based on Bayes' rule from probability theory.