Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unawareness of social interaction and emotional control deficits in alzheimer's disease.

The purpose of this study was to examine unawareness of deficit in Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a previously unexplored functional domain: social interaction and emotional control competency. Impairment of awareness was measured by calculating the degree to which patients and their caregivers disagreed on ratings of patient functioning. to assess potential underlying mechanisms or associated features of social/emotional unawareness, a regression equation examining disease and demographic correlates was created. In addition, to provide a basis of comparison for the social/emotional domain, unawareness of deficit was also assessed in two previously examined domains of functioning (i.e., cognitive and self-care competency). Results revealed that, as compared to caregivers, AD-diagnosed patients overestimated their social/emotional competency but to a lesser extent than they overestimated cognitive and self-care competencies. Regression analysis suggested that impaired awareness of social interaction and emotional control deficits was positively correlated with dementia severity and negatively correlated with education.
ASSIMILATION OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTS OF ZOOXANTHELLAE BY A REEF CORAL.

1. The hermatypic coral, Pocillopora damicornis was incubated in the laboratory and in its reef habitat with Na214CO3 for 1-24 hours. Controls were incubated in darkness. 14C fixation in light exceeded that in darkness. 2. Fractionation of corals labeled on the reef for 24 hours revealed that 35-50% of the total 14C fixed appeared in the animal tissue lipid (as 14C-glycerol) and protein. From a comparison with dark controls it is concluded that photosynthetic products of zooxanthellae are translocated to host coral tissue. The skeletal organic matrix also acquires 14C. 3. Zooxanthehellae isolated from corals and incubated in a homogenate of host coral tissue selectively release glycerol and traces of other organic material including glucose, alanine, and glycolic acid confirming previous observations.
Inverse Matrix Auto-Search Technique for the RTS MIMO OTA Test—Part 1: Theory

An inverse matrix auto-search algorithm for radiated two-stage (RTS) multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) over-the-air (OTA) tests is proposed in this paper. The RTS method is one of the significant techniques for the MIMO OTA test and was provided by organizations such as the Cellular Telecommunication and Internet Association and the Third-Generation Partnership Project. An extremely important basic step in the RTS test procedure is to select an appropriate combination of measurement antennas and device-under-test orientation for inverse matrix solving. The automatic resolving algorithm proposed in this paper can be divided into two parts: the technique for selecting the appropriate combinations for inverse matrix solving, and the method for solving the inverse matrix at a fixed combination. The technique proposed in this paper can make the RTS test procedure automatic and fast, which greatly improves the user experience. The most mentionable advantage of the technique is that only 2 min are required for the whole process including the appropriate combination calculation and the inverse matrix solving at the selected combination, while several hours might be needed using the traversal method.
The 24 Micron Source Counts in Deep Spitzer Space Telescope Surveys

Galaxy source counts in the infrared provide strong constraints on the evolution of the bolometric energy output from distant galaxy populations. We present the results from deep 24 μm imaging from Spitzer surveys, which include ≈5 × 104 sources to an 80% completeness of ≃60 μJy. The 24 μm counts rapidly rise at near-Euclidean rates down to 5 mJy, increase with a super-Euclidean rate between 0.4 and 4 mJy, and converge below ∼0.3 mJy. The 24 μm counts exceed expectations from nonevolving models by a factor of ≳10 at Sν ∼ 0.1 mJy. The peak in the differential number counts corresponds to a population of faint sources that is not expected from predictions based on 15 μm counts from the Infrared Space Observatory. We argue that this implies the existence of a previously undetected population of infrared-luminous galaxies at z ∼ 1-3. Integrating the counts to 60 μJy, we derive a lower limit on the 24 μm background intensity of 1.9 ± 0.6 nW m-2 sr-1 of which the majority (∼60%) stems from sources fainter than 0.4 mJy. Extrapolating to fainter flux densities, sources below 60 μJy contribute 0.8 nW m-2 sr-1 to the background, which provides an estimate of the total 24 μm background of 2.7 nW m-2 sr-1.
Validation of self-reported colorectal cancer screening behaviors among Appalachian residents.

OBJECTIVES We determined the validity of self-reported colorectal cancer (CRC) screening data provided by Appalachian Ohio residents and identified correlates of providing accurate data. DESIGN AND SAMPLE We conducted cross-sectional telephone interviews between September 2009 and April 2010. Our study included Appalachian Ohio residents (n = 721) ages 51-75 years. MEASURES We compared self-reported CRC screening data to medical records to determine validity. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify correlates of providing accurate self-reported screening data. RESULTS About 68% of participants self-reported having any CRC screening test within recommended guidelines, whereas medical records indicated that only 49% were within guidelines (concordance = 0.76). Concordance was higher for flexible sigmoidoscopy and fecal occult blood test compared with colonoscopy, although sensitivity and positive predictive value were much higher for colonoscopy. Participants overreported CRC screening behaviors for all tests. Participants who had a regular checkup in the last 2 years (OR = 2.78, 95% CI: 1.15-6.73), or who self-rated their health as good or better (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.12-3.16) were more likely to provide accurate screening data. CONCLUSIONS Many participants failed to provide accurate CRC screening data, and validity varied greatly across individual CRC screening tests. Future CRC screening studies among Appalachian residents should use medical records, if possible, to determine screening histories.
Key Distribution based on Quantum Fourier Transform

Utilizing a three pass processing procedure, a frequency plan revision proposal is defined, verified, implemented and confirmed by a network operator. In a first pass (evaluation), interference and bit error rate measurements are evaluated and used to create one or more proposals. These proposals are evaluated to confirm compatibility with the current cell configuration, coordination with previous proposals, and assignment of frequencies. In a second pass (pre-update verification), more measurements are evaluated to confirm the first pass proposals. A single proposal for each selected cell is then chosen for implementation in a network update. In a third pass (post-update verification), the measurements are again evaluated to verify, following the update, that the implementation of the proposal had a positive effect on the network.
Price Discrimination in a Distribution Channel : A Dynamic Pricing Perspective

We study behavioral price discrimination in a distribution channel in the presence of demand inertia. Unlike previous empirical studies of behavioral price discrimination, which rely only on estimated differences in price elasticity across customers, our structural approach additionally relies on estimated differences in price elasticity across time. In doing this, we explicitly account for dynamic pricing effects – which represent how current price of a brand both responds to past demand, as well as influences future demand, of all brands in the category – on channel members’ behavioral price discrimination incentives. We model the pricing decisions of not only brand manufacturers (who set wholesale prices) but also the retailer (who sets retail prices). We find that price discrimination over time is as important as price discrimination across customer segments. We find that the retailer can outsource the data analytics and price customization to manufacturers, by selling its customer database to them, and improve retail profit by 29 % compared to the case of mass market pricing. Instead, taking charge of the price discrimination on its own improves retail profit by only 12 %. Interestingly, we find that inducing manufacturers to behaviorally price discriminate across different customers ends up making the manufacturers worse off compared to the case of no price discrimination. This illustrates that information is a potent source of channel power to the retailer in inertial markets. Last, but not least, we find that just exploiting the most recent purchase of customers for price discrimination purposes yields 52% of the net profit gain that accrues to the retailer by additionally exploiting segment membership information of customers.
Chronological changes in the ultrastructure of titanium-bone interfaces: analysis by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and micro-computed tomography.

PURPOSES The objectives of this study were to chronologically examine the titanium-bone interfaces and to clarify the process of osseointegration using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and micro-computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental implants (Ti-coating plastic implants) were placed into tibiae of 8-week-old rats. Animals were sacrificed at 1 to 28 days after implant placement and prepared tissue specimens for a light microscope, a TEM, and micro-CT. RESULTS New bone formation began 5 days after implant placement, and osseointegration was obtained by 14 days after implant placement. Osseointegration was well developed by 28 days after implant placement. DISCUSSION TEM and quantitative computer tomography (QCT) results indicated that bone formation in osseointegration of titanium implants did not occur from the surfaces of the implant or preexisting bone, but it was likely that bone formation progressed at a site a small distance away from the surface. The bone formation took place in a scattered manner. Small bone fragments adhered to each other and transformed into reticular-shaped bone, and finally these bones became lamellar bone. CONCLUSION Comparative analysis of the titanium-bone interfaces using light microscopy, TEM, and QCT by micro-CT revealed the precise process of osseointegration.
Postcranial morphology and the locomotor habits of living and extinct carnivorans

Members of the order Carnivora display a broad range of locomotor habits, including cursorial, scansorial, arboreal, semiaquatic, aquatic, and semifossorial species from multiple families. Ecomorphological analyses from osteological measurements have been used successfully in prior studies of carnivorans and rodents to accurately infer the locomotor habits of extinct species. This study uses 20 postcranial measurements that have been shown to be effective indicators of locomotor habits in rodents and incorporates an extensive sample of over 300 individuals from more than 100 living carnivoran species. We performed statistical analyses, including analysis of variance (ANOVA) and stepwise discriminant function analysis, using a set of 16 functional indices (ratios). Our ANOVA results reveal consistent differences in postcranial skeletal morphology among locomotor groups. Cursorial species display distal elongation of the limbs, gracile limb elements, and relatively narrow humeral and femoral epicondyles. Aquatic and semiaquatic species display relatively robust, shortened femora and elongate metatarsals. Semifossorial species display relatively short, robust limbs with enlarged muscular attachment sites and elongate claws. Both semiaquatic and semifossorial species have relatively elongate olecranon process of the ulna and enlarged humeral and femoral epicondyles. Terrestrial, scansorial, and arboreal species are characterized by having primarily intermediate features, but arboreal species do show relatively elongate manual digits. Morphological indices effectively discriminate locomotor groups, with cursorial and arboreal species more accurately classified than terrestrial, scansorial, or semiaquatic species. Both within and between families, species with similar locomotor habits converge toward similar postcranial morphology despite their independent evolutionary histories. The discriminant analysis worked particularly well to correctly classify members of the Canidae, but not as well for members of the Mustelidae or Ursidae. Results are used to infer the locomotor habits of extinct carnivorans, including members of several extinct families, and also 12 species from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea. J. Morphol. , 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mediators of the Relationship Between Social Support and Positive Health Practices in Pregnant Women

Background: Literature suggests that there is a need to study a broadly conceived variable of positive health practices in pregnant women and to examine theoretically related variables that help to explain positive health practices in pregnant women. Objectives: The aims of this study were to examine the association between social support and positive health practices in pregnant women and to further test this relationship by examining two mediational variables: perceived health status and optimism. Method: A convenience sample of 152 pregnant women attending childbirth education classes completed the four study instruments and a demographic data sheet. Results: Social support was related positively to positive health practices; this relationship was basic to both mediational models. In the first mediational model, social support was related positively to perceived health status, and perceived health status was related positively to positive health practices, but perceived health status was not a complete mediator of the social support-positive health practices relationship, as determined by regression analyses. In the second mediational model, social support was related positively to optimism, and optimism was related positively to positive health practices, but optimism was not a complete mediator of the social support-positive health practices relationship, as determined by regression analyses. Discussion: Positive health practices in pregnant women are related positively to social support, perceived health status, and optimism. In terms of theory building, neither perceived health status nor optimism help to explain the social support-positive health practices relationship. Replication of this study with a more diverse sample is one recommendation for future study.
Prevalence And Clinical Characteristics of an Experimental Model of ‘ice-cream headache’ in Migraine and Episodic Tension-type Headache Patients

This study was designed to compare the prevalence and clinical characteristics of ‘cold-induced headache’ between migraine and episodic tension-type headache patients. Seventy-six migraine and 38 episodic tension-type headache patients were included in the study. An experimental model of an ‘ice-cream headache’ was developed for the study. The pain occurrence period, its location and quality were recorded for each patient who felt pain in their head during the test procedure. Pain in the head occurred in 74% of migraine and 32% of ‘tension-type headache’ patients. Although the most frequent pain location was the temple in both groups of patients, this rate was greater than twofold in migraine patients when compared with episodic tension-type headache patients. While headache quality was throbbing in 71% of migraine patients, it was so in only 8% of the episodic tension-type headache patients. Considering all the results, it seems that ‘cold-stimulus headache’ is not only more frequent in migraine patients, but also its location and quality differ from ‘tension-type headache’.
Sex‐based linkage analysis of alcoholism

A high degree of locus heterogeneity is likely in alcoholism, and linkage heterogeneity analysis may be helpful in mapping susceptibility loci. The genetic contribution to alcoholism in females may be higher than in males, and therefore sex of affected individuals was used in linkage analysis. Families with female alcoholics demonstrated evidence for linkage to chromosomes 1 Op 11‐p15 and 21q22.1‐q22.2 while those with male alcoholics did not provide evidence for linkage to these regions. Sharing of maternal and paternal alleles was also investigated separately, and evidence for linkage of maternal alleles on chromosomes 1 and 8, and paternal alleles on chromosome 2 was observed, suggesting parental origin effects. Mapping of complex traits may benefit from tests of linkage heterogeneity based on sex, and parental origin.
Effects of Myofascial Release in Non-specific Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

STUDY DESIGN Double-blind, randomized parallel sham-controlled trial with concealed allocation and intention-to treat analysis. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of an isolate Myofascial Release protocol (MFR) on pain, disability and fear- avoidance beliefs in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA MFR is a form of manual medicine widely used by physiotherapists in the management of different musculoskeletal pathologies. Up to this moment, no previous studies have reported the effects of an isolated MFR treatment in patients with CLBP. METHODS Fifty four participants, with nonspecific CLBP, were randomized to MFR group (n = 27) receiving four sessions of myofascial treatment, each lasting 40 minutes, and to control group (n = 27) receiving a sham MFR. Variables studied were pain measured by means Short Form McGill Pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ) and visual analogue scale (VAS), disability measured with Roland Morris questionnaire and Fear-Avoidance Beliefs measured with FAB questionnaire (FABQ). RESULTS Subjects receiving MFR displayed significant improvements in pain (SF-MPQ) (mean difference -7.8; 95% CI: -14.5 to -1.1, P = 0.023) and sensory SF-MPQ subscale (mean difference -6.1; 95% CI: -10.8 to -1.5, P = 0.011) compared to the sham group, but no differences were found in VAS between groups. Disability and the FABQ score also displayed a significant decrease in the MFR group (P < 0.05) as compared to sham MFR. CONCLUSION Myofascial Release Therapy produced a significant improvement in both pain and disability. However, as the minimal clinically important differences in pain and disability are included in the 95% IC, we can not know if this improvement is clinically relevant. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2.
Divergent Regulation of the Sarcomere and the Cytoskeleton*

The existence of a feedback mechanism regulating the precise amounts of muscle structural proteins, such as actin and the actin-associated protein tropomyosin (Tm), in the sarcomeres of striated muscles is well established. However, the regulation of nonmuscle or cytoskeletal actin and Tms in nonmuscle cell structures has not been elucidated. Unlike the thin filaments of striated muscles, the actin cytoskeleton in nonmuscle cells is intrinsically dynamic. Given the differing requirements for the structural integrity of the actin thin filaments of the sarcomere compared with the requirement for dynamicity of the actin cytoskeleton in nonmuscle cells, we postulated that different regulatory mechanisms govern the expression of sarcomeric versus cytoskeletal Tms, as key regulators of the properties of the actin cytoskeleton. Comprehensive analyses of tissues from transgenic and knock-out mouse lines that overexpress the cytoskeletal Tms, Tm3 and Tm5NM1, and a comparison with sarcomeric Tms provide evidence for this. Moreover, we show that overexpression of a cytoskeletal Tm drives the amount of filamentous actin.
Epidemiologic analysis of 1,442 children and adolescents registered in the German germ cell tumor protocols

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) constitute a heterogeneous group of tumors that significantly vary with respect to their clinical presentation and biology. The objective of this analysis was to analyze a large population‐based pediatric cohort of GCTs and to evaluate the parameters age, sex, site of the tumor, histology, and potential correlations between these parameters.
Religiousness and mental health: a review.

OBJECTIVE The relationship between religiosity and mental health has been a perennial source of controversy. This paper reviews the scientific evidence available for the relationship between religion and mental health. METHOD The authors present the main studies and conclusions of a larger systematic review of 850 studies on the religion-mental health relationship published during the 20th Century identified through several databases. The present paper also includes an update on the papers published since 2000, including researches performed in Brazil and a brief historical and methodological background. DISCUSSION The majority of well-conducted studies found that higher levels of religious involvement are positively associated with indicators of psychological well-being (life satisfaction, happiness, positive affect, and higher morale) and with less depression, suicidal thoughts and behavior, drug/alcohol use/abuse. Usually the positive impact of religious involvement on mental health is more robust among people under stressful circumstances (the elderly, and those with disability and medical illness). Theoretical pathways of the religiousness-mental health connection and clinical implications of these findings are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS There is evidence that religious involvement is usually associated with better mental health. We need to improve our understanding of the mediating factors of this association and its use in clinical practice.
xtracting Bimanual Synergies with Reinforcement Learning

Motor synergies are an important concept in human motor control. Through the co-activation of multiple muscles, complex motion involving many degrees-of-freedom can be generated. However, leveraging this concept in robotics typically entails using human data that may be incompatible for the kinematics of the robot. In this paper, our goal is to enable a robot to identify synergies for low-dimensional control using trial-and-error only. We discuss how synergies can be learned through latent space policy search and introduce an extension of the algorithm for the re-use of previously learned synergies for exploration. The application of the algorithm on a bimanual manipulation task for the Baxter robot shows that performance can be increased by reusing learned synergies intra-task when learning to lift objects. But the reuse of synergies between two tasks with different objects did not lead to a significant improvement.
A Project to Design and Build the Magnets for a New Test Beamline, the ATF2, at KEK

In order to achieve the high luminosity required at the proposed International Linear Collider (ILC), it is critical to focus the beams to nanometer size with the ILC Beam Delivery System, and to maintain the beams' collisions with a nanometer-scale stability. To establish the technologies associated with this ultra-high precision beam handling, a special beamline has been designed and built as an extension of the existing extraction beamline of the Accelerator Test Facility at KEK, Japan. The ATF provides an adequate ultra-low emittance electron beam that is comparable to the ILC requirements; the ATF2 mimics the ILC final focus system to create a tightly focused, stable beam. There are 37 magnets in the ATF2, 29 quadrupoles, 5 sextupoles and 3 bends. These magnets had to be acquired in a short time and at minimum cost, which led to various acquisition strategies; but nevertheless they had to meet strict requirements on integrated strength, physical dimensions, compatibility with existing magnet movers and beam position monitors, mechanical stability and field stability and quality. This paper will describe how 2 styles of quadrupoles, 2 styles of sextupoles, one dipole style and their supports were designed, fabricated, refurbished or modified, measured and aligned by a small team of engineers from 3 continents.