Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variation in Spring Nearshore Resident Fish Species Composition and Life Histories in the Lower Sacramento-San Joaquin Watershed and Delta

Providing freshwater to human populations while protecting or rehabilitating ecosystem health is a significant challenge to water resource managers and requires accurate knowledge of aquatic resources. Previous studies of fish assemblages in the San Francisco Estuary and watershed have focused on specific habitat types, water bodies, or geographic subregions. In this study, we use seining data from two monitoring programs to provide an integrated view of spring nearshore resident fish species composition and life history characteristics in five regions: the San Joaquin River, the upper Sacramento River, the lower Sacramento River, the northern Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (North Delta), and the Interior Delta. Data for the period March-May from 1994 to 2002, showed that spring species composition of the San Joaquin River was very different from the other four regions. Total catch in the San Joaquin River was dominated by small, short-lived batch spawning alien species (93%), particularly red shiner Cyprinella lutrensis (>75% of total catch). The upper and lower Sacramento River were very similar in species composition and life history characteristics and less dominated by alien fish (<45% of total catch). Ordination of species percentage abundances by non–metric multidimensional scaling confirmed that the major gradient was from assemblages dominated by native species to assemblages dominated by alien species. Two-way analysis of variance of ordination scores indicated that spatial variability was more important than annual variability in explaining patterns in species composition. The potential benefits of San Joaquin River native fish restoration appear high because there is so much potential for improvement; however, it is unclear how to best manipulate the system to achieve such restoration. Addressing such uncertainties is necessary if society desires the preservation and restoration of native biodiversity as human demands on water resources increase.
Loughborough University Institutional Repository International knowledge brokerage and returnees ' entrepreneurial decisions

Based on the knowledge brokerage literature and the international entrepreneurship literature, we investigate whether returnees’ international knowledge transfer affects their entrepreneurial decisions and the extent to which this relationship is contingent on perceived supportive policies for returnee entrepreneurship and returnees’ difficulties with cross-cultural readjustment in their home countries. Analyzing first-hand survey data, we find a positive relationship between international knowledge transfer and returnees’ decisions to become entrepreneurs. This positive relationship is strengthened by the perception of the home country’s supportive policies for returnee entrepreneurship but is weakened by returnees’ perceived difficulties in readjusting to the local norms and culture in their home countries.
Applying the extended parallel process model to examine posters in the 2008 Chinese Annual Anti-Drug Campaign

The present study sought to examine the content structure of the contemporary anti-drug campaign posters in China through the lens of the Extended Parallel Process Model. Four major factors of the EPPM (severity, susceptibility, response efficacy, and self-efficacy) served as the main coding categories of the content analysis to assess anti-drug posters’ potential persuasiveness. The findings revealed that the severity of drug abuse (n = 130, 87.2%) was communicated significantly more frequently than the other three factors, and response efficacy (n = 10, 6.7%) was significantly less prominent than the other three factors. “Legal punishment” is the most popular severity theme for both verbal (n = 71, 47.7%) and visual (n = 55, 36.9%) threats.
Preliminary conclusions on institutions and economic performance

Using institutional indicators describing 122 countries, we conduct an exploratory study highlighting which institutional characteristics differ across countries with different levels of income and rates of growth. We describe a country's institutions by the degree of formalization of its regulations, the depersonalization of their implementation, and by the degree of control and intervention of the state. Our findings reveal that the variation in state control and intervention decreases along with countries formalization of regulations. This phenomenon may be explained by institutional convergence, by endogeneity in the data and/or by bias. In addition, we find evidence of a strong relationship between institutions and income levels; however, we find no such evidence on growth rates. We find mixed evidence for a relationship between institutions and growth volatility.
Taxonomic evidence that Vibrio carchariae Grimes et al. 1985 is a junior synonym of Vibrio harveyi (Johnson and Shunk 1936) Baumann et al, 1981.

A collection of 94 Vibrio isolates closely related to Vibrio harveyi, together with named reference and type strains, were investigated for phenotypic and genotypic properties. Using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), nine clusters were recognized. The largest cluster (n = 36), considered to be the bona fide V. harveyi group, contained the type strains of V. harveyi and Vibrio carchariae and most of the strains isolated from fish. The type strains of all other species, including Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio campbellii and Vibrio natriegens, clustered outside this group. By ribotyping, V. harveyi and V. carchariae patterns were very similar, insofar as they shared most bands. The V. campbellii type strain had several bands in common with the type strains of both V. harveyi and V. carchariae, whereas the other species were clearly distinct from these three species. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments showed 88% DNA binding between the type strains of V. harveyi and V. carchariae, whereas the DNA binding between V. harveyi and V. campbellii was 40%. Although the delineation of the species V. harveyi is still uncertain, the authors propose, on the basis of a number of tests, to delineate a core of V. harveyi strains which contained the type strains of both V. harveyi and V. carchariae. It is concluded that V. carchariae is the junior synonym of V. harveyi.
Entropy of plasmas described with regularized 
κ
 distributions

In classical thermodynamics the entropy is an extensive quantity, i.e.\ the sum of the entropies of two subsystems in equilibrium with each other is equal to the entropy of the full system consisting of the two subsystems. The extensitivity of entropy has been questioned in the context of a theoretical foundation for the so-called $\kappa$-distributions, which describe plasma constituents with power-law velocity distributions. We demonstrate here, by employing the recently introduced {\it regularized $\kappa$-distributions}, that entropy can be defined as an extensive quantity even for such power-law-like distributions that truncate exponentially.
Establishment of Valid Laboratory Case Definition for Human Leptospirosis

textabstractLaboratory case definition of leptospirosis is scarcely de ned by a solid evaluation that determines cut-off values in the tests that are applied. This study describes the process of determining optimal cut-off titers of laboratory tests for leptospirosis for a valid case definition of leptospirosis. In this case the tests are the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and an in-house IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) both on single serum and paired samples using a positive culture as the reference test in the Dutch population. The specificity was assessed using panels of sera from healthy donors, cases with known other diseases and non-leptospirosis cases with symptoms compatible with leptospirosis. Cases were divided into three periods corroborating the acute phase (1-10 days post onset of illness (DPO)), the early convalescent (11-20 DPO) and the late convalescent phase (>20 DPO). Cut-off titers for MAT and IgM ELISA were determined as 1:160 and 1:80 respectively for all three periods. These cut-off titers combined 100% specificity with a sensitivity that changed according to the stage of disease for both tests. The low sensitivities in the early acute phase are consistent with the dynamics of the humoral immune response. IgM ELISA yielded higher sensitivities compared to MAT in the acute and early convalescent stages. Moreover, the optimal sensitivity of MAT, the gold standard was < 82%, implying that a significant part of global cases is missed by this recommended test. MAT and IgM ELISA manifested partly complementary, resulting in a higher sensitivity when combining the results of these two tests. The availability of paired samples and of adequate clinical and epidemiological data are other parameters that will significantly increase the sensitivity of laboratory confirmation. This study enables fine-tuning of the current laboratory definition towards an improved case finding and implies that solid validation of laboratory parameters for case definition will improve both the diagnosis for individual patient care and for estimating the disease burden at a worldwide scale.
Disclosure Measurement in the Empirical Accounting Literature - A Review Article.

This is the first study to provide an extensive and critical review of different techniques used in the empirical accounting literature to measure disclosure. The purpose is to help future researchers to identify exemplars and to select suitable techniques or to develop their own techniques. It also provides in depth discussion of current measurement issues related to disclosure and identifies gaps in the current literature which future research may aim to cover
Asymptotics of solutions to jou kovskii—kutta-type problems at infinity

We investigate the behavior at infinity of solutions to Joukovskii—Kutta—type problems, arising in the linearized lifting surface theory. In these problems one looks for the perturbation velocity potential induced by the presence of a wing in a basic flow within the scope of a linearized theory and for the wing circulation. We consider at first the pure two dimensional case, then the three—dimensional case, and finally we show in the case of a ime—harmonically oscillating wing in in a weakly damping gas the exponential decay of solutions of the Joukovskii—Kutta problem.
Zöllner control and perception Biologically inspired walking machines : design

, published 15 , doi: 10.1098/rsta.2006. 1914 365 2007 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A Rüdiger Dillmann, Jan Albiez, Bernd Gaßmann, Thilo Kerscher and Marius Zöllner control and perception Biologically inspired walking machines: design, References html#ref-list-1 http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/365/1850/133.full. This article cites 13 articles Email alerting service here in the box at the top right-hand corner of the article or click Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up
SURVEY ON NUDITY DETECTION: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES BASED ON ‘AWRAH CONCEPT IN ISLAMIC SHARI’A

The nudity or nakedness which known as awrah in Islam is part of the human body which in principle should not be seen by other people except those qualified to be her or his mahram or in an emergency or urgent need.Nudity detection technique has long been receiving a lot of attention by researchers worldwide due to its importance particularly to the global Muslim community. In this paper, the techniques were separated into four classifications namely methods based on body structure, image retrieval, the features of skin region, and bag-of-visual-words (BoVW). All of these techniques are applicable to some areas of skin on the body as well as on the sexual organs that should be visible to determine nude or not. While the concept of nakedness in Islamic Shari'a has different rules between men and women, such as the limit of male ‘awrah is between the navel and the knees, while the limit of female ‘awrah is the entire body except the face and hands which should be closed using the hijab. In general, existing techniques can be used to detect nakedness concerned bythe Islamic Shari'a. The selection ofhese techniques are employed based on the areas of skin on the body as well as or the sexual organs to indicate whether it falls to thenude category or not. While in Islamic Shari'a, different 'awrah rules are required for men and women such as the limit 'awrah, the requirements of clothes as cover awrah, and kinds of shapes and shades of Hijabs in various countries (for women only). These problems are the opportunities and challenges for the researcher to propose an ‘awrah detection technique in accordance with the Islamic Shari'a.
Sentiment Detection, Recognition and Aspect Identification

Sentiment analysis is the study of people’s opinions, attitudes, feelings, and emotions discuss any object such as entities, events, topics, product, issues, services, etc. are respected for extraction of useful subjective information out of the text. The task is challenging and considered for customers and producers, for instance, Customers need to have general ideas about products, and companies need to know customers’ needs and the opportunity to investigate and analyze those opinions towards their products and services. The increasing growth of the social network sites generating a big resource of social data. So, researchers considering about harnessing the effeteness of social media and sentiment analysis. These recent studies classified according to their contributions in the different SA methods. The main target of this paper is to give the illustration of the current trend of research in the sentiment analysis Detection, Recognition, Aspect Identification.
Forced unilateral nostril breathing affects lateralized cognitive functions

Research in ultradian rhythms has shown a great many 70-120 min cycles in both physiological and cognitive variables. Of special interest is research pointing to an oscillation in hemispheric dominance. This research reports both electroencephalographic (EEG) data and performance on the presumably lateralized performance measures of verbal and spatial performance. The introduction of research correlating a nasal breathing cycle to EEG-measured dominance became of considerable interest when another study showed forced nostril breathing to unilaterally affect EEG. The possibility that verbal and spatial performance can be affected by forced unilateral nostril breathing is the topic of this thesis. A total of 60 subjects were given verbal and spatial performance tests after a period of forced nostril-breathing. This study reports a significant interaction of sex, nostril, and test. Males showed an ipsilateral effect to forced nostril breathing on both verbal and spatial performance, whereas females showed a contralateral spatial effect. FORCED UNILATERAL NOSTRIL BREATHING AFFECTS LATERALIZED COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS by David Phillip Arnott A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Psychology MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana June 1985
In Situ Instrumentation

NeedS aNd ChalleNGeS Ocean-observing systems are changing the way ocean science is accomplished. No longer is ocean science limited to observations made by ships, whose scheduling and expense often constrain research to short forays that result in data streams limited in space and time. Such observations have been described as being “frozen in the invisible present,” offering thin slices of the ocean record that often miss processes that function on multiple spatial (e.g., boundary current, eddy, gyre, ocean basin) and tem-
Support Vector Machine for Remote Sensing image classification

The presented work deals with remote sensing data classification. The major goal is to provide the la nd characterization for multispectral image observations. Channel images contain data acquired from different wavelen gth within the frequency spectrum. Due to the multiple radianc e reflection, the land characterization in the observation space became complex and inefficient. The goal of this work is to perform a feature space for observations. Then a statically le arning classifier using the Support Vector Machine is deve loped for a reliable land characterization. Keywords— Fusion, Segmentation, Classification, Support Vector Machine, Feature extraction
A DEBRIS disk around the planet hosting M-star GJ 581 spatially resolved with Herschel

Debris disks have been found primarily around intermediate and solar mass stars (spectral types A-K) but rarely around low mass M-type stars. We have spatially resolved a debris disk around the remarkable M3-type star GJ 581 hosting multiple planets using deep PACS images at 70, 100 and 160µm as part of the DEBRIS Program on the Herschel Space Observatory . This is the second spatially resolved debris disk found around an M-type star, after the one surrounding the young star AU Mic (12 Myr). However, GJ 581 is much older (2-8 Gyr), and is X-ray quiet in the ROSAT data. We fi t an axisymmetric model of the disk to the three PACS images and found that the best fit model is for a disk extending radially f rom 25± 12 AU to more than 60 AU. Such a cold disk is reminiscent of the Kuiper Belt but it surrounds a low mass star (0.3 M⊙) and its fractional dust luminosity Ldust/L∗ of∼ 10 −4 is much higher. The inclination limits of the disk found in our analysis make the masses of the planets small enough to ensure the long-term stability of the system according to some dynamical simulations. The disk is collisionally dominated down to submicron-sized grains and the dust cannot be expelled from the system by radiation or wind pressures because of the low luminosity and low X-ray luminosity of GJ 581. We suggest that the correlation between low-mass planets and debris disks recently found for G-type stars also applies to M-type stars. Finally, the known planets, of low masses and orbiting within 0.3 AU from the star, cannot dynamically perturb the disk over the age of the star, suggesting that an additional plane t exists at larger distance that is stirring the disk to reple nish the dust.
A new modular neural network approach for exchange rate prediction

A novel approach using modular neural networks to forecast exchange rates based on harmonic patterns in Forex market is introduced. The proposed approach employs three algorithms to predict price, validate its prediction and update the system. The model is trained by historical data using major currencies in Forex market. The proposed system's predictions were evaluated by comparing its results with a non-modular neural network. Results showed that the infrastructure market data consist of significant accurate relations that a single network cannot detect these relations and separate trained networks in specific tasks are needed. Comparison of modular and non-modular systems showed that modular neural network outperforms the other one.
How many bacterioplankton in oxic surface waters can grow anaerobically ? A comparison across nutrient gradients

A large fraction of culturable marine bacterioplankton from seven sites in the Mid-Atlantic Bight grew as facultative anaerobes on a variety of carbon substrates. This fraction varied systematically with nutrient levels. On average colony-forming units (cfu) counts under anaerobic conditions were 52% of cfu counts under aerobic conditions in a nutrient rich coastal environment (Woods Hole Harbor), in contrast to 20% from the oligotrophic Sargasso Sea. On glucose alone the difference was 92% for coastal bacterioplankton versus 28% for Sargasso bacterioplankton. These results suggest that anoxic microhabitats in the oxic ocean are more common than previously thought. They also indicate a potential selective advantage for bacteria in oxic surface waters capable of facultatively anaerobic growth. Open ocean bacterioplankton had similar cfu counts on several substrate types, while Woods Hole bacterioplankton had five times as many cfu on glucose as on any other substrate. Sequences obtained from individual isolates were predominantly gamma-Proteobacteria (9 1%). Isolates from the Sargasso Sea were predominantly related to Psychrobacter inarinicola-related phylotypes were dominant in Sargasso Sea isolates, while various Vibrio spp. were dominant in shelf, slope, and coastal isolates.
The role of actor associations in understanding the implementation of Lean thinking in healthcare

Purpose – The importance of networks in effecting the outcomes of change processes is well-established in the literature. Whilst extant literature focuses predominantly on the structural properties of networks, our purpose is to explore the dynamics of network emergence that give rise to the outcomes of process improvement interventions. Through the use of actor-network theory (ANT), the purpose of this paper is to explore the dynamics in the implementation of a process improvement methodology in the complex organisational setting of a UK National Health Service Trust. The paper illustrates the utility of ANT in articulating the dynamic nature of networks underpinning socio-technical change, and our analysis provides insights for the management process change initiatives. Design/methodology/approach – This is a rich qualitative study in the Pathology Unit of a UK National Health Service Trust, using ANT as the theoretical lens for tracking the emergence and transformation of networks of individuals over the course of a management intervention to promote “Lean thinking” for process performance improvements. Findings – ANT is useful for explicitly tracking how organisational players shift their positions and network allegiances over time, and for identifying objects and actions that are effective in engaging individuals in networks which enable transition to a Lean process. It is important to attend to the dynamics of the process of change and devise appropriate timely interventions enabling actors to shift their own positions towards a desired outcome. Research limitations/implications – The paper makes the case for using theoretical frameworks developed outside the operations management to develop insights for designing process interventions. Originality/value – By understanding the role of shifting networks managers can use timely interventions during the process implementation to facilitate the transition to Lean processes, e.g. using demonstrable senior leadership commitment and visual communication.