Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lifestyle Behaviors and Wealth-Health Gaps in Germany

We document signiﬁcant gaps in wealth across health status over the life cycle in Germany—a country with a universal healthcare system and negligible out-of-pocket medical expenses. To investigate the underlying sources of the empirical patterns in wealth-health gaps, we build a heterogeneous-agent life-cycle model in which health and wealth evolve endogenously. In the model, agents exert eﬀorts to lead a healthy lifestyle, which helps maintain good health status in the future. Eﬀort choices, or lifestyle behaviors, are subject to adjustment costs to capture various aspects of micro-level eﬀort adjustment behaviors in the data. We ﬁnd that our calibrated model generates around half of the wealth gaps by health observed in the German micro data, and that variations in health-related lifetime outcomes are largely explained by uncertainty realizations over the life cycle, rather than initial conditions at age 25. Our counterfactual experiments indicate that variations in individual health eﬀorts account for over half of the model-generated wealth gaps by health status. Their importance is due not only to the fact that they aﬀect labor income and savings rates, both of which inﬂuence wealth accumulation, but also because they act as an ampliﬁcation device since richer households exert relatively more eﬀorts to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
Stem-Cell Therapy for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) in Newborns

Premature newborns are at a higher risk for the development of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), acute lung injury (ALI) associated with lung inflammation, disruption of alveolar structure, impaired alveolar growth, lung fibrosis, impaired lung angiogenesis, and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) with severe long-term developmental adverse effects. The current therapy for BPD is limited to supportive care including high-oxygen therapy and pharmacotherapy. Recognizing more feasible treatment options to improve lung health and reduce complications associated with BPD is essential for improving the overall quality of life of premature infants. There is a reduction in the resident stem cells in lungs of premature infants with BPD, which strongly suggests a critical role of stem cells in BPD pathogenesis; this warrants the exploration of the potential therapeutic use of stem-cell therapy. Stem-cell-based therapies have shown promise for the treatment of many pathological conditions including acute lung injury and BPD. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes are promising and effective therapeutic modalities for the treatment of BPD. Treatment with MSCs and EVs may help to reduce lung inflammation, improve pulmonary architecture, attenuate pulmonary fibrosis, and increase the survival rate.
Species‐specific biomass estimation from gene copy number in metazoan plankton

Despite the importance of early life‐history stages to ecosystem processes, challenges in the identification of the larval stages of species continue to slow progress in understanding the dynamics of marine ecosystems. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction‐based method was developed and tested for estimating the species‐specific biomass of juvenile copepods through targeted measurements of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) gene copies in size‐fractionated, mixed‐species plankton samples. The assays are species‐specific, amplifying a single product in the presence of focal‐species DNA at levels as low as 2 pg total DNA, and in mixed‐species samples where the focal species represented <1% of total DNA. Tests comparing mtCOI copy number to measurements of biomass across developmental stages found a robust linear relationship across a five order of magnitude range in animal biomass and DNA copy number (r2 = 0.998). These results demonstrate that quantification of DNA copy number can be used to obtain estimates of species‐specific biomass for metazoan plankton, which could transform population and community dynamics studies that include early life history stages.
A Review of Patents on “Mozafari Method” as a Green Technology for Manufacturing Bioactive Carriers

Encapsulation and controlled release of bioactive compounds is now an established protocol to enhance the bioavailability and long-lasting efficacy of therapeutic and disease-preventive agents while minimizing or eliminating side effects. Currently, there are a number of products approved by the regulatory authorities for Human or animal use, which contain encapsulated drugs, nutraceuticals, diagnostic agents, cosmetics, or even vaccines. Manufacturing the encapsulation/carrier systems requires special considerations with respect to scalability, environmental issues, and cost-effectiveness. Among the many available procedures for large-scale preparation of micro- and nanocarriers, the "Mozafari method" has proven to be simple to implement and reproducible technique that does not require sophisticated equipment or use of potentially toxic solvents. The mentioned proprietary method and patents in which this method is utilized or incorporated is the focus of the present review article.
Aplikasi Asap Cair Tempurung Kelapa Rendah Benzo[a] Pyrene untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Se’i Sapi Bali

This research has been conducted in the District Amarasi Kupang district to obtain liquid smoke coconut shell, Bogor Agricultural Institute Laboratory tested compounds benzo[a]pirene.dan total bacteria in meat, an integrated research laboratory distillation liquid smoke Undana perform and get the value of organoleptic and agricultural polytechnic Laboratory Kupang test the chemical quality beef cattle se'i Bali. The research was conducted over 2 months ie April 26 until June 26, 2016. This study aims to determine the content benzo[a]pirene. lowest in liquid smoke coconut shell by doing some distillation processes to be applied to the meat of cattle se'i Bali. The material used is coconut shell as much as 20 kg, 5 kg of fresh beef taken on the part of the muscle. The basic design is used, a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 3 repetitions so obtained 18 experimental units. Data was analyzed using non-parametric analysis of Kruskal Wallis test and analysis methods Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). If there are differences among the treatments then continued by Least Significant Difference (LSD). The results showed: Total Bacteria contained in meat P≤0,05 se'i not significantly different from the treatment of liquid smoke to the meat using traditional se'i P0. 6,6x106 P1. 6,2x106 P2. 5,4x106 P3. 1,7x106 P4. 4,46x103 P5. 3,0x103 while the chemical quality beef cattle se'i P≤0,01 Bali very significant effect of each treatment. conclusion on the research is: the more the percentage of liquid smoke, the number of bacteria in the cow se'i diminishing and the average chemical quality beef cattle se'i Bali will increase.
Co-creating value: Through the gate and beyond

Under the government’s “Transforming Rehabilitation – A Strategy for Reform” the work of the probation service moves into private organisational hands with the aim of providing more scope for innovation. This project asks not what service can be provided; rather, what value and services can ex-offenders offer and create themselves? The project draws on the salutogenic model of the relationship between humans and coping to examine how ex-offenders achieve better outcomes through use of their own resource. Work informs value co-creation and business model theory in the context of ex-offenders and support organisations. Research seeks to extend beyond the government’s stated goals and identify organisations that support ex-offenders and self-funding services operated primarily by ex-offenders. Work captured detail of organisations including: Delancey Street Foundation (USA); EMMAUS (Bristol); Greggs the Baker; Timpson’s; and Network Rail. Case studies provide detail of how organisations support, develop and value ex-offender capabilities. Work linking offender assets and viable business models indicate potential areas for innovative service offers that can be adopted by many firms. We hope that this work may encourage organisations to work with ex-offenders and perhaps inspire and support the establishment of a Delancey Street organisation within the UK.
High glycosylated hemoglobin level as a risk factor of latent tuberculosis infection in patients with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to increase the risk of infection including tuberculosis (TB). Some studies also showed that 2-15% of latent TB infection (LTBI) will progress to active TB. This study aimed to obtain the prevalence of LTBI and to determine the risk factors of LTBI in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods This was a cross-sectional study on 242 adult T2DM patients. For LTBI screening we performed the interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) (Quantiferon TB Gold Plus test) and for confirmation of active TB (pulmonary TB) we performed GeneXpert MTB/Rif sputum examination and chest X-ray. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, smoking history and BCG scar were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Results Positive IGRA results were found in 99 of 242 uncomplicated T2DM patients while LTBI was found in 82 patients (33.8%). There were significant differences between T2DM patients with latent TB and T2DM patients without infection in HbA1c and specific IFN-ã levels (TB1 minus nil and TB2 minus nil), i.e. 8.5% and 7.6%, 2.5 IU/mL and 0.06 IU/mL, and 2.6 IU/mL and 0.08 IU/mL, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors for LTBI in T2DM patients were smoking history, HbA1c >7%, and no BCG scar. Conclusions Because LTBI is prevalent in T2DM, it is important to screen for it in T2DM patients due to the risk of developing severe active TB. Absence of a BCG scar and high HbA1c levels are strong predictors of LTBI in T2DM patients.
COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT NANOPARTICLES ON
STRUCTURAL, THERMAL AND BARRIER PROPERTIES OF
POLY(ETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE) IN FOOD PACKAGING SECTOR

In the present study, the effect of nanoclay and nanomica on the structural, thermal and barrier properties of poly (ethylene terephthalate) was investigated. The morphology of the papered nanocomposites (Clay and Mica) was illustrated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM). According to Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analyzer (DMTA) results, the samples' tanδ values ranged from 0.4 to 0.6. The results of Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed that the incorporation of nanoparticles increased both the crystallization temperature (Tc) and the degree of crystallization (Xc). Then, the higher aspect ratio of nanomica compared to nanoclay led to higher levels of Xc. A significant water vapor permeability decrease (maximum reduction at 1% loading level of nanomica) of nanocomposites was attributed to an increase in the tortuosity of water vapor molecules path diffusing into the nanocomposites. PET/mica nanocomposites presented larger tortuosity factors compared to PET/clay. As a result, improved barrier properties of nanocomposites were obtained in the case of food packaging.
Application of a fuzzy logic controller for a permanent magnet synchronous machine drive

The article presents a model of the drive with a permanent magnet synchronous machine. In the drive control system was applied a fuzzy speed controller. The general formula of the rule base for the fuzzy controller with dual structure was presented. The simulation tests of the drive were carried out during start-up, changing load torque and reverse. The results of simulation research were presented as the time characteristics of the stator current, the rotor speed, the electromagnetic torque and the DC bus voltage. Streszczenie. W artykule przedstawiono model napędu z silnikiem synchronicznym z magnesami trwałymi. W układzie sterowania napędu został zastosowany rozmyty regulator prędkości. Przedstawiono ogólną formułę bazy reguł dla regulatora rozmytego o podwójnej strukturze. Przeprowadzono badania symulacyjne napędu podczas rozruchu, zmiany momentu obciążenia oraz rewersu. Rezultaty badań przedstawiono w postaci przebiegów czasowych prądu stojana, prędkości wirnika, momentu elektromagnetycznego oraz napięcia stałego w obwodzie pośrednim. (Zastosowanie regulatora rozmytego w napędzie z silnikiem synchronicznym z magnesami trwałymi).
Blood-Meal Sources and Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Coastal and Insular Triatomine Bugs from the Atacama Desert of Chile

Mepraia parapatrica is one of the lesser known and less abundant sylvatic triatomine species naturally infected by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. M. parapatrica lives in sympatry with T. cruzi-infected rodents, but only birds, reptiles, and marine mammals have been reported as blood-meal sources of this vector species by serology. The distribution range of this kissing bug overlaps with fishers’ settlements and tourist areas, and therefore the study of the blood-meal sources of this triatomine species is relevant. Here, we determined the blood-meal sources of M. parapatrica by NGS or standard sequencing from a coastal mainland area and an island in northern Chile, and T. cruzi infection by real-time PCR. The blood-meals of. M parapatrica included 61.3% reptiles, 35.5% mammals (including humans) and 3.2% birds. Feeding on reptiles was more frequent on the mainland, while on the island feeding on mammals was more frequent. The presence of T. cruzi-infected triatomine bugs and humans as part of the diet of M. parapatrica in both areas represents an epidemiological threat and potential risk to the human population visiting or established in these areas. Currently there are no tools to control wild triatomines; these results highlight the potential risk of inhabiting these areas and the necessity of developing information campaigns for the community and surveillance actions.
A Comprehensive Review of Nanomaterials: Types, Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications

Nanotechnology has infiltrated all sectors due to its unique and evident impacts, which give the scientific community numerous breakthroughs in the medical, agricultural, and other domains. Nanomaterials (NMs) have risen to prominence in technological breakthroughs due to their adjustable physical, chemical, and biological characteristics and superior performance over bulk equivalents. NMs are divided into many categories based on size, composition, capping agents, form, and origin. The capacity to forecast NMs' unique features raises the value of each categorization. As the manufacturing of NMs and industrial uses grow, so does their demand. The purpose of this review is to compare synthetic and naturally occurring nanoparticles and nanostructured materials to determine their nanoscale characteristics and to identify particular knowledge gaps related to the environmental application of nanoparticles and nanostructured materials. The paper review includes an overview of NMs' history and classifications and the many nanoparticles and nanostructured materials sources, both natural and manufactured. Furthermore, the many applications for nanoparticles and nanostructured materials.
Role of financial literacy and awareness of tax impacts in an emerging economy facing tax reform

This study seeks to assess the levels of financial literacy based on demographic characteristics of residents in Bogotá, capital of Colombia. Given the massive public demonstrations against tax reforms that have been taking place in large cities in Colombia in 2021, this paper analyses the knowledge of people of the nature and impact of tax reforms, especifically their financial understanding of the impact of these fiscal policies. Utilizing regression analysis with a quantitative and qualitative research design, the article investigates the degree of financial literacy and the relation between the financial knowledge and the current orientation in tax policy changes and their impact on the population. The data used in this study was gathered from 6,713 households in Bogotá and supplemented by in-depth interviews of representatives of each demographic group selected by careful sampling to represent each demographic characteristic. The results are structured in two parts, firstly, based on the analysis of three variables measuring levels of financial literacy of individuals relating to the interest rate, inflation and the principle of risk diversification. Secondly, qualitative research added two questions on knowledge of tax reform. Logistic regression was used. Results of both qualitative and quantitative research show that there is significant difference in the financial knowledge of people of different age, marital status and education. Interviews showed the best awareness and orientation in the mid-age group, predominantly men, who are seen as leaders. The most vulnerable group is low-educated single women. Limitation of the study is the narrow focus on households in one city. This article provides an insight into the importance of financial literacy, its monitoring, implementation of continuous improvement based on feedback loop in an economy in transition.
THE RESTORATION OF SINGLE CHANNEL AUDIO RECORDINGS BASED ON NON-NEGATIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION AND PERCEPTUAL SUPPRESSION RULE

In this paper, we focus on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement in single channel audio recordings. Many approaches have been reported in the literature. The most popular method, with many variants, is Short Time Spectral Attenuation (STSA). Although this method reduces the noise and improves the SNR, it mostly tends to introduce signal distortion and a perceptually annoying residual noise usually called musical noise. In this paper we investigate the use of Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) as an alternative to the STSA for the digital curation of musical heritage. NMF is an emerging new technique in the blind extraction of signals recorded in a variety of different fields. The application of NMF to the analysis of monaural recordings is relatively recent. We show that NMF is a suitable technique to extract the clean audio signal from undesired non stationary noise in a monaural recording of ethnic music. More specifically, we introduce a perceptual suppression rule to determine how the perceptual domain is competitive compared to the acoustic domain. Moreover, we carry out a listening test in order to compare NMF with the state of the art audio restoration framework using the EBU MUSHRA test method. The encouraging results obtained with this methodology in the presented case study support their wider applicability in audio separation.
An ultra-low-power reconfigurable two-stage OTA with improved transconductance and DC gain

ABSTRACT An ultra-low-power reconfigurable bulk-driven two-stage operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) with enhanced transconductance and dc gain is presented in this article. By means of the partial positive-feedback technique, the effective bulk transconductance of the input stage is improved. Also, the proposed composite-transistor is used to enhance the dc gain of the OTA. In addition, a proposed pseudo-cascode compensation technique to improve the stability of the two-stage OTA in ultra-low-voltage condition, which makes the OTA reconfigurable, is introduced. Transistor-level simulations in UMC 0.18m CMOS process confirm the theoretical results. Simulated from a 0.5-V supply voltage, the proposed OTA achieves a 98 dB dc gain, a 15.5kHz gain-bandwidth and the phase margin varies less than 6% as the bias current scaled by a factor of 200. The power of the proposed OTA is only 38nW.
Legalization and Long-Term Outcomes of Immigrant Workers

Any expressed in this are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. IZA of an independent economic research that research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported the Post IZA runs the world’s largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. ABSTRACT This paper establishes a new fact about immigration policies: legalization has long-term effects on formal employment of undocumented immigrants and their assimilation. We exploit the broad amnesty enacted in Italy in 2002 together with rich survey data collected in 2011 on a representative sample of immigrant households to estimate the effect of regularization in the long run. Immigrants who were not eligible for the amnesty have a 14% lower probability of working in the formal sector a decade later, are subject to more severe ethnic segregation on the job and display less linguistic assimilation than their regularized counterparts.
Compact and broadband dual sleeve monopole antenna for GSM, WiMAX and WLAN application

This paper presents a dual sleeve monopole antenna that covers Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), worldwide interoperability microwave access (WiMAX), and wireless local area network (WLAN) frequency bands. This new antenna is more wideband and compact structure in compare to other works. Simulation is done by Ansoft HFSS14 and results show the proposed omnidirectional antenna, ranging from 360 MHz to 5.1 GHz that bandwidth is 174% for return loss below −10 dB. The height of structure is 0.16 λ that has been achieved size reduction about 35% in compare to conventional monopole antenna with height 0.25 λ. These characterizations make this antenna very beneficial for jammer application. Jammers make places more secure and comfortable by reducing cell phones disruptions from some public places. The prototype of this structure has been made and the measure results are in good agreement with simulation results. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:1271–1277, 2017