Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vector Space Modeling Based Evaluation of Automatically Generated Text Summaries

Evaluating automatically generated summaries is not an effortless task. Despite the fact that significant advances have been made in this context during the last two decades, it still remains a challenging resaerch problem. In this paper, we present VSMbM; a new metric for automatically generated text summaries evaluation. VSMbM is based on vector space modelling. It gives insights on to which extent retention and fidelity are met in the generated summaries. Three variants of the proposed metric, namely PCA-VSMbM, ISOMAP-VSMbM and tSNE-VSMbM are tested and compared to Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation (ROUGE): a standard metric used to evaluate automatically generated summaries. Conducted experiments on the Timeline17 dataset show that VSMbM scores are highly correlated to the state-of-the-art Rouge ones.
A comparative study of interspecific variation in fruit size among Australian eucalypts

We examined variation in woody fruit size among 362 Australian Eucalyptus species with respect to predictions relating fruit size to fire exposure and rainfall. Predictions for fruit size variation were established that focussed on selection for small or large seeds, given a positive allometric relationship between fruit and seed size within the genus, and on the potential for fruits to protect their valuable seed contents. Comparatively smaller fruits were found in species that continually experience frequent disturbance by fire, while both small and large fruits were found among species subjected to both short and long fire intervals. In the latter case where a broad range of fire intervals is possible, some species have adopted a strategy of producing small seeds that provide superior colonisation ability in disturbed conditions, while other species have adopted a strategy of producing large seeds which are more competitive during longer intervals between disturbance by fire. Only when taxonomic membership at the subgeneric level was accounted for in analyses across all species, did a significant relationship emerge between fruit size and rainfall independently of fire interval and plant height: comparatively larger fruits were found in species experiencing lower average annual rainfall in the subgenera Eucalyptus and Symphyomyrtus. In contrast to previous studies, larger fruits were found only in short species, while small fruits were found in both short and tall species. Many short species have adopted a strategy of protecting their seeds from high fire intensity by producing larger fruit. Since tall species can elevate their fruit far above high fire intensity, they make considerable energy savings by producing smaller fruit. It remains an open question as to why small fruit size occurs in some short species, but we suggest that these species may invest more heavily in vegetative regrowth after fire than in re-establishment by seed.
Natural history of the slaty grey snake (Stegonotus cucullatus) (Serpentes : Colubridae) from tropical north Queensland, Australia

Slaty grey snakes (Stegonotus cucullatus) are medium to large members of the Colubridae that are common throughout the eastern and northern tropics of Australia. Although intensive field studies have been conducted on populations in the Northern Territory for over 10 years, no ecological data have been presented on free-ranging specimens of populations inhabiting tropical north Queensland. During a 10-year period we collected opportunistic data on 120 free- ranging specimens from the seasonally Wet Tropics in north Queensland. These snakes provided data on body sizes, activity times, food habits and reproduction. Male S. cucullatus were larger than females and had larger heads. More snakes were found during the warmer, humid parts of the year (wet season). S. cucullatus ate a wide range of vertebrate prey, including reptile eggs that were obtained seasonally. Females produced one clutch per year, and no relationship was found between maternal snout-vent length and clutch size.
Joint User and Relay Selection based Cooperative NOMA with Imperfect CSI

In this paper we consider the deployment of mobile relay nodes in a Cooperative Non Orthogonal Multiple Access (CNOMA) system with variable gain Amplify and Forward relaying. In a multiuser downlink scenario, two users are chosen as the NOMA destination pairs based on the channel quality and another suitable user is chosen to act as the relay node. Two standard relay selection protocols are examined here viz. the partial relay selection (PRS) and optimal relay selection (ORS). An outdated channel condition induced by the user mobility condition is considered in this paper and the impact of channel correlation on the system performance is analyzed. The outage performance and ergodic sum rate capacity of the users is observed under the two relay selection schemes. Further, the impact of user node velocity on the relay selection and outage performance have been reported. It is observed that the optimal relay selection has an overall better performance compared to partial relay selection. However, the impact of user velocity and time delay is lesser in case of partial relay selection. Hence, partial relay selection method has a more stable performance in case of imperfect CSI compared to optimal relay selection.
The Use of Statistical Assumptions at Determining the Support Network Points

In many cases, the support network coordinate values determined at different era vary in the limit of measurement and calculation errors. In this case, the question arose is which of the support network points are fixed and which are displaced. The purpose of this paper is to establish the fixed points in the case of repeated measurements in a support network. Based on repeated observations made in the support networks related to hydroenergetical objectives, statistical assumptions were used to determine the displacement points from one era to another and the normality of their distribution. Instrumental observations in the support network were made with high precision total stations. Based on statistical verifications performed in the support network related to Dragan Valley dam, from the eleven pillars, three pillars were established as fixed point. The statistics calculated for the other pillars is greater than the statistics extracted from tables, in this sense these pillars could not be regarded as fixed points. Because of the low support network point displacements from one era to another, the determination of the pillars stability can be achieved only by statistical tests. The stability verification of support networks is extremely important because if the azimuthal measurements of the tracking marks placed on the monitored objective station are performed in displaced points, then the tracking marks coordinate values will be inaccurate.
Supervised learning in data mining using Transformation Regression Technique

- The presented paper focuses on supervised learning in data mining and machine learning areas for small data sets. In the paper, the precision of data mining regression model is increased by special transformation technique, which transforms the original regression task into a new regression task, equivalent with the original. In the paper, transformation was successfully applied on synthetic and real data sets with positive results.
Tracking Based 3D Visualization from 2D Videos

In this project, we established a framework to convert 2D videos to pseudo 3D videos. Our basic idea is to track the moving objects in the video and separate them from the background. Then we give different depth information to the objects and the background, and visualize them in 3D. In tracking, we applied Kalman Filtering and proposed two objects tracking approaches: Feature Point Based Tracking and Edge Based Tracking. The performance of both approaches is evaluated, and relative concerns during the practical implementation have been discussed. Based on the tracking results, we successfully separated objects from the background. We applied two methods to implement the 3D visualization. The first one is using color filter 3D glasses to display different color images for each of the two eyes, which has very good results. The other method to see 3D effects is autostereogram, which is also known as naked eye 3D. We also get some results for autostereogram, but it is usually difficult to train one’s eyes to see the 3D effect.
Occupancy Modeling of Woodpeckers: Maximizing Detections for Multiple Species With Multiple Spatial Scales

Abstract Numerous forest birds benefit from woodpecker presence or have similar habitat requirements. Monitoring populations of forest woodpeckers can be useful for management decisions regarding these and other forest species. Usefulness of monitoring efforts depends on methods used and the quality of resulting parameter estimates. Estimating the proportion of area occupied by a species can be an attractive and affordable alternative to abundance or survival estimates. The purpose of this study was to assess the distribution and area of occupancy for pileated woodpeckers (Drycopus pileatus) and American three-toed woodpeckers (Picoides dorsalis) in north-central Idaho, and to compare occupancy estimates using silent point counts, playback surveys, and playback surveys that incorporated estimates of detection probability (p). We used a hierarchical multiscale framework that allowed estimation of occupancy at two spatial scales and applied a removal design such that repeat visits to sampling stations was n.
Pseudomonas pickettii, a New Species of Clinical Origin Related to Pseudomonas solanacearum

Twenty strains of Pseudomonas isolated from clinical specimens were found to constitute a homogeneous group which we recognize as a species and name Pseudomonas pickettii. On the basis of deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization data, this species appears to be most closely related to the phytopathogenic species P. solanacearum. The type strain of P. pickettii is K-288 (ATCC 27511).
Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation

The measured net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 between the ecosystem and the atmosphere reflects the balance between gross CO2 assimilation [gross primary production (GPP)] and ecosystem respiration (Reco). For understanding the mechanistic responses of ecosystem processes to environmental change it is important to separate these two flux components. Two approaches are conventionally used: (1) respiration measurements made at night are extrapolated to the daytime or (2) light–response curves are fit to daytime NEE measurements and respiration is estimated from the intercept of the ordinate, which avoids the use of potentially problematic nighttime data. We demonstrate that this approach is subject to biases if the effect of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) modifying the light response is not included. We introduce an algorithm for NEE partitioning that uses a hyperbolic light response curve fit to daytime NEE, modified to account for the temperature sensitivity of respiration and the VPD limitation of photosynthesis. Including the VPD dependency strongly improved the model's ability to reproduce the asymmetric diurnal cycle during periods with high VPD, and enhances the reliability of Reco estimates given that the reduction of GPP by VPD may be otherwise incorrectly attributed to higher Reco. Results from this improved algorithm are compared against estimates based on the conventional nighttime approach. The comparison demonstrates that the uncertainty arising from systematic errors dominates the overall uncertainty of annual sums (median absolute deviation of GPP: 47 g C m−2 yr−1), while errors arising from the random error (median absolute deviation: ∼2 g C m−2 yr−1) are negligible. Despite site‐specific differences between the methods, overall patterns remain robust, adding confidence to statistical studies based on the FLUXNET database. In particular, we show that the strong correlation between GPP and Reco is not spurious but holds true when quasi‐independent, i.e. daytime and nighttime based estimates are compared.
Photosynthetic differences between Microcystis aeruginosa and Oscillatoria simplicissima in relation to species succession in the Vaal River, South Africa

In 1991 Oscillatoria simplicissima replaced Microcystis aeruginosa in the Vaal River, South Africa. This study explored the reason for this succession by looking at the photosynthetic performance of these two cyanoprokaryotes at different temperatures, light intensities and N:P ratios. Microcystis aeruginosa showed higher growth rates and chlorophyll a concentrations than O. simplicissima for most treatments, except the N-deficient treatments. It seems that M. aeruginosa can maintain growth under a range of different conditions and can keep forming mass occurrences, but has high light requirements for photosynthesis and maintenance and can tolerate a much higher light intensity without experiencing photo-inhibition. Oscillatoria simplicissima, on the other hand, is able to harvest available light more efficiently at 25 °C and 15 μmol m2 s-1, experiences less damage or loss at antenna level and retains more of its electron transport capabilities than Microcystis, giving it a competitive edge over M. aeruginosa under these environmental conditions.
Temporal Dynamics and Resource Availability for Drosophilid Fruit Flies (Insecta, Diptera) in a Gallery Forest in the Brazilian Savanna

Seasonality can cause severe bottlenecks in natural populations, even leading to local extinction. Large variation in resource availability may explain the bottlenecks, but the role of these variations is still poorly understood. The goal of this study was to analyze if temporal variations in the guild of drosophilids breeding in fruits of Mauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae) can be explained by the shortage of this resource during the dry season. Fruits of M. flexuosa were collected over one year in a gallery forest located in the Central Brazilian Savanna. The drosophilid assemblage varied over time, with a lower density of species and of individuals in the dry season, when the percentage of colonized fruits was also smaller. These findings suggest that although the fruits were available during the dry season, they were underused. This way, the resource availability does not seem to regulate the community in the dry season.
Epidemiology and Economic Importance of Hydatidosis in Domestic Animal and Human in Ethiopia- A Review

Echinococcosis/hydatid disease is one of the most important of the helminth zoonoses and remains a significantproblem worldwide. Based on recent report; five species of the genus Echinococcus are regarded as taxonomically valid. These are Echinococcosis granulosus, Echinococcosis multilocularis, Echinococcosis oligarthrus, Echinococcosis vogeliand Echinococcosis shiquicus . Among this the most widespread is Echinococcosis granulosus and Echinococcosis multilocularis. Echinococcosis granulosus is zoonotic parasite which occurs in Ethiopia and throughout the world. Hydatidosis prevail in all age group, there are no age and sex discrimination. Hydatidosis causes considerable economic loss due to condemnation of edible organs, decreased meat and milk Productions, reduced hide and fleece value and decrease in fecundity. The definitive host of the parasite, Echinococcosis granulosus is dogs which harbor the adult parasite and excrete the parasite eggs along with their feces, whilelivestock and human are the intermediate hosts. Humans can accidentally become intermediate hosts by ingesting the eggs of the tapeworm. While most cysts develop in the liver and lungs, other organs or tissues may become affected. The diagnosis in human conducted with X-rays or ultrasound machine. Whereas, in the other intermediate animal diagnosis of cyst will be conducted only during meat inspection in the abattoir and postmortem examination. In conclusion, basic hygiene such as washing hands with soap after gardening or touching the dog and washing vegetables that may have been contaminated by dog faeces, deworming of dogs with antihelmentic in every six months are important in prevention of this disease.
Competition, coexistence, and adaptation amongst rodent invaders to Pacific and New Zealand islands

Variation in skull size was investigated for three species of rats (kiore –Rattus exulans Peale; ship rat –R. rattus L.; Norway rat –R. norvegicus Berkenhout) which were introduced by humans to various islands in New Zealand and other Pacific islands. Data from seventy‐one islands and 882 specimens are examined for evidence of the effects of latitude, island size and interspecific competition among rats and the house mouse (Mus musculus L.) on skull size, using multiple regressions. For R. exulans, skull size increases with latitude as predicted by Bergmann's rule, but no such effect occurs for the other two rats. There was a positive relationship between island size and the number of species inhabiting it, and some species combinations were more likely to occur than others. For example, R. exulans and R. norvegicus were more likely to occur together, while R. rattus and R. exulans were rarely sympatric. R. exulans and R. rattus skull size was negatively correlated with the number of other rodents on the same island. R. exulans skull size increased on smaller islands in some island groups, perhaps because increased density and consequent increased intraspecific competition on smaller islands favours increased body size. This effect is more pronounced in tropical islands (Solomon islands), than in subtropical ones (Hawaiian islands) and less so in temperate New Zealand. Collectively the data demonstrate that rapid evolution of body size in predictable directions can follow within 150 years of the introduction of species to new receiving communities.
Aboveground biomass and nitrogen nutrition in a chronosequence of pristine Dahurian Larix stands in eastern Siberia

Measurements of aboveground biomass and nitrogen (N) nutrition were made during July 1993 in 50-, 130-, and 380-year-old stands of Larixgmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr. in eastern Siberia. Constituting six forest types based on understorey plants, the stands were representative of vegetation throughout the Yakutsk region. Average tree height, diameter, and density ranged from 2 m, 23 mm, and 50 800 stems/ha in the 50-year-old stand to 11 m, 160 mm, and 600 stems/ha in the oldest stand. Aboveground biomass in the 50-year-old stand was 4.4 kg•m−2, and the aboveground N pool was 1.1 mol•m−2. This was slightly higher than the N pool in a 125-year-old stand with a Ledum understorey (1.0 mol•m−2), despite its higher biomass (7.2 kg•m−2). The highest observed aboveground biomass in a 125-year-old stand (characterized by the N2-fixing understorey plant Alnasterfruticosa) reached 12.0 kg•m−2, but the corresponding N pool was only 1.6 mol•m−2. In the oldest stand, aboveground biomass was 8.9 kg•m−2 and the N pool was 1.1 mol.
Norkus, Zenonas,“On Baltic Slovenia and Adriatic Lithuania. A qualitative comparative analysis of patterns

The author, Professor at the Department of Sociology, Vilnius University, traces the inspiration for the book back to the interwar period and the Research Institute of Eastern Europe located in the then Polish city of Vilnius (Wilno). The Institute was the first academic research institute with a focus on Soviet studies. During the interwar period the Vilnius School of Communist Studies, in particular addressing the making and working of the communist system, was developed at the Institute. As the author points out in the Introduction, his focus is different – “I focus on its [the communist system’s] unmaking – post-communist transformation”. Furthermore, the author sees the current treatise as a building block towards a “Vilnius (Lithuanian) school of post-communism studies” and hence a successor to the interwar research undertaken at the Research Institute of Eastern Europe.
Islanding Detection Using Passive Technique

The islanding is power flow between load, utility grid and distribution generation source when loss of gird is occurring. Now there is need of anti-islanding, it can be performed by using passive technique. Anti-islanding algorithm implements the scheme of disconnection of utility grid during fault through loss of grid protection system instantaneously from DG source. The main objective of anti-islanding algorithm is to detect the loss of grid and allow the DG source to behave as Power Island which supplies the power to load only.
Effects of deletion of the connexin 32 gene on pro and anti-inflammatories aspects in the ethidium bromide toxic demyelination model.

Gap junctions are cellular structures that allow tr ansit of molecules between cells, allowing intercel lular signaling and transportation. They are formed by proteins den ominated connexins and represent key structures in highly complex and integrated tissues, such as the central nervous sys tem (CNS). The present study evaluates the effects of connexin 32 (Cx32) deletion upon CNS inflammation and regeneration/repair after 1, 3, 7, 10 and 20 days after intracerebr al injection of ethidium bromide in Cx32 Knock Out and normal mice. To accomplish so, Real Time PCR gene expression quantification was performed upon Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF α), Transforming Growth Factor beta 1 (TGF β1), Metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3), Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases 1 (T IMP1) genes. Results indicate varying differences in the express ion pattern, including difference in expression of all evaluated genes in the 3 days post injection period, apex of the acute inflammation mechanisms. These results suggest that Cx32 may perform important functions on molecular, inflammatory and regenerative/repair signalling in the CNS.
Licmophora flucticulata sp. nov. (Licmophoraceae, Bacillariophyceae), an unusual flabellate species from Guam and Palau

Lobban C.S. , Schefter M. and Ruck E.C. 2011. Licmophora flucticulata sp. nov. (Licmophoraceae, Bacillariophyceae), an unusual new flabellate species from Guam and Palau. Phycologia 50: 11–22. DOI: 10.2216/09-85.1 A new species of Licmophora, L. flucticulata sp. nov., forms distinctive, rippled, fan-shaped colonies on coral reef seaweeds on Western Pacific islands. It is readily observed underwater with the naked eye but is very weakly silicified, and its frustule does not survive normal acid cleaning. Its identity as a Licmophora species was demonstrated with scanning electron microscopy and small-subunit rDNA sequencing. Licmophora flucticulata has exceptionally long, narrow cells cemented into fascicles that attach to the substratum by short, multistranded mucilage stalks. Its valve and colony morphology are compared to that of L. remulus, L. flabellata and L. aurivillii.