Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carbon fibers/ZnO nanowires hybrid nanogenerator based on an insulating interface barrier

Nanogenerators (NGs) based on the piezoelectric property of ZnO nanowires (NWs) have become an important component to harvest mechanical energy from the environment. In one category of ZnO NGs, the high-work function noble metal electrode is applied to deflect ZnO NWs, and electricity is generated due to the Schottky barrier formed between ZnO NWs and the noble metal. Herein, an insulating layer was used to replace the expensive noble metal to accumulate net charge, and a novel NG was composed by carbon fibers (CFs) and ZnO NWs. Because of a relative slip among CFs, ZnO NWs would generate inner potential by bending each other. Due to the combination of an enormous number of ZnO NWs, an electric output of 2 mV and 0.2 nA was generated. Current–voltage curves indicated the entire ohmic contact of the designed NG, while electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated the existence of an interface barrier. Since a noble metal electrode was avoided in the ZnO NG, the manufacturing cost was reduced and the fabrication process was simplified. This study proposes a novel strategy for designing feasible ZnO NG in extensive applications.
Analytic insights into nonlocal energy transport. III. steady state Fokker Planck theory in spherical and planar geometry

This paper develops an approximate steady state Fokker Planck theory for energetic electron transport in a spherical laser fusion target. First, we apply the theory to only a small population of electrons, which is specified at the outset. Then, one determines the nonlocal electron energy flux of these electrons at a particular position. These energetic electrons may either come from the tail of the thermal distribution function or be generated by an instability. This paper develops two approximate methods of solution, which we call the “characteristic method” and “sparse eigenfunction. ” The former works only in planar geometry and the latter in both planar and spherical geometry. Comparison of the two methods in planar geometry shows that even though the approximations are very different, they give about the same result, increasing their credibility. For the example we have chosen, spherical effects are not important for electrons from the tail of the distribution function but may well be for instability generated electrons, which have much higher energy. Comparing planar to spherical, one finds an additional spherical barrier protecting the fuel. It turns out that the associated fuel preheat a Fokker Planck model predicts is considerably less than that predicted by the Krook models as developed at both NRL and other places.
How many people participated in candlelight protests? Counting the size of a dynamic crowd

The recent controversy about the size of crowds at candlelight protests in Korea raises an interesting question regarding the methods used to estimate crowd size. Protest organizers tend to count all participants in the event from its start to finish, while the police usually report the crowd size at its peak. While several counting methods are available to estimate the size of a crowd at a given time, counting the total number of the participants at a protest is not straightforward. In this paper, we propose a new estimator to count the total number of participants that we call the size of a dynamic crowd. We assume that the arrival and departure times of the crowd are randomly observed and that the number of the attendees in the crowd at a specific time is estimable. We estimate the number of total attendees during the entire gathering based on the capture-recapture model. We also propose a bootstrap procedure to construct a confidence interval for the crowd size. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed method with simulation studies and the data from Korea's March for Science, a global event across the world on Earth Day, April 22, 2017.
Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy induced by La2/3Sr1/3MnO3–YBaCo2O5+δ interlayer coupling

Heterostructure with a symmetry-mismatched interface provides a promising playground for the exploration of emergent phenomena. Herein, we report a systematic investigation on La2/3Sr1/3MnO3/YBaCo2O5+δ (LSMO/YBCO) grown on SrTiO3, a heterostructure formed by perovskite oxides of different symmetry. A high-resolution lattice image shows the formation of high-quality perovskite LSMO and A-site cation-ordered oxygen-deficient double perovskite YBCO, without any signatures of atomic reconfiguration at the interface. Surprisingly, the YBCO-buffered LSMO exhibits perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), though bare LSMO film is in-plane anisotropic. The PMA is robust, appearing even when the thickness of YBCO is only one unit cell. The typical anisotropy constant is ∼4 × 106 erg cm−3. X-ray absorption spectroscopy analysis reveals a preferential occupation of the d3z2−r2 orbital compared with dx2−y2 , which is confirmed by density functional theory calculations. This orbital reconstruction accounts for the PMA. The formation of a covalent bond between Mn and Co caged by different oxygen polyhedrons, an octahedron and a square pyramid, respectively, stabilizes the orbital reconstruction, resulting in anomalous spin orientation.
Design and characterisation of colloidal nanocarriers for enhanced skin delivery of etodolac

: The aim of this work was to develop colloidal nanocarriers for skin delivery of etodolac (ETD), which is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug orally used for the management of acute pain and inflammation, but leads to unfavourable effects on the stomach. The oleic acid and blend of Labrasol/Trancutol P were used as oil phase and surfactant/co-surfactant mixture in the microemulsion formulations, respectively. ETD loaded microemulsions selecting the microemulsion region of pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were prepared, and then the microemulsions were characterised to confirm formation of oil in water microemulsions via optical isotropy, refractive index, droplet size, electrical conductivity, rheological behaviour and morphological analysis. In vitro permeation of ETD through porcine skin was evaluated using Franz diffusion cells for stable ETD loaded microemulsions. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy analysis was performed to elucidate interaction between the microemulsion components and stratum corneum structure on the molecular level. Confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis was further carried out to visualize skin penetration enhancement effect of the microemulsion formulation consisting of a model lipophilic fluorescent marker, Nile Red. The results indicated that the developed microemulsion formulation consisting of oleic acid, Labrasol, Transcutol P and water offer a potential approach to enhance skin delivery of ETD for topical treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Active Learning of Discriminative Subgraph Patterns for API Misuse Detection

A common cause of bugs and vulnerabilities are the violations of usage constraints associated with Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). API misuses are common in software projects, and while there have been techniques proposed to detect such misuses, studies have shown that they fail to reliably detect misuses while reporting many false positives. One limitation of prior work is the inability to reliably identify correct patterns of usage. Many approaches confuse a usage pattern's frequency for correctness. Due to the variety of alternative usage patterns that may be uncommon but correct, anomaly detection-based techniques have limited success in identifying misuses. We address these challenges and propose ALP (Actively Learned Patterns), reformulating API misuse detection as a classification problem. After representing programs as graphs, ALP mines discriminative subgraphs. While still incorporating frequency information, through limited human supervision, we reduce the reliance on the assumption relating frequency and correctness. The principles of active learning are incorporated to shift human attention away from the most frequent patterns. Instead, ALP samples informative and representative examples while minimizing labeling effort. In our empirical evaluation, ALP substantially outperforms prior approaches on both MUBench, an API Misuse benchmark, and a new dataset that we constructed from real-world software projects.
Impact of heat-assisted HVED plasma treatment on quality of apple juice

High voltage electrical discharge (HVED) plasma processing receives more and more attention due to its potential to assure microbial safety and retain quality of treated products. The influence of combined thermal and high voltage electrical discharge plasma treatment on apple juice quality was investigated. Apple juice samples were treated under defined plasma treatment parameters of time (3, 6 and 9 min), frequency (60, 90 and 120 Hz) and temperature (30, 40 and 50 oC) in hybrid plasma reactor. Prior to treatment, juice samples were inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508 to investigate inactivation possibilities of plasma treatment on yeasts as common juice microorganisms. Quality parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, phenolic content and antioxidant activity) of treated and untreated apple juice were investigated and compared. Results have shown effectiveness of HVED plasma treatment in yeast inactivation up to 6.6 log10 in 9 min of treatment at 120 Hz and temperature of 40 oC. In treated samples there were no significant changes in phenolic content.
Exploring the Interface of Skin‐Layered Titanium Fibers for Electrochemical Water Splitting

Water electrolysis is the key to a decarbonized energy system, as it enables the conversion and storage of renewably generated intermittent electricity in the form of hydrogen. However, reliability challenges arising from titanium‐based porous transport layers (PTLs) have hitherto restricted the deployment of next‐generation water‐splitting devices. Here, it is shown for the first time how PTLs can be adapted so that their interface remains well protected and resistant to corrosion across ≈4000 h under real electrolysis conditions. It is also demonstrated that the malfunctioning of unprotected PTLs is a result triggered by additional fatal degradation mechanisms over the anodic catalyst layer beyond the impacts expected from iridium oxide stability. Now, superior durability and efficiency in water electrolyzers can be achieved over extended periods of operation with less‐expensive PTLs with proper protection, which can be explained by the detailed reconstruction of the interface between the different elements, materials, layers, and components presented in this work.
Effect of oxygen plasma etching on graphene’s mechanical and electrical properties

This paper reports a study of the effect of oxygen plasma etching on the mechanical and electrical properties of chemical vapor deposited (CVD) multilayer graphene. By means of scan probe microscopy (SPM), it was found that the defects were initially induced to the top graphene layer by oxygen plasma etching, which plays an incentive role in further etching. Oxygen plasma bombarding on surface of graphene enhanced the surface roughness, as well changed the tribological properties. The results of electronic transport measurements show a decrease in mobility with the increase of etching duration. These findings are valuable for studying the effects of plasma etching on graphene, and modifying the physical properties of graphene through artificially generated defects.
Comparative performance analysis of Carbon Nanotube and Si-Nanotube based Field effect Transistors

The continuous scaling of scaling of conventional planar transistors has migrated to nanoscale regime to achieve better performance of the device by mainstream semiconductor industry. To suppress the short channel effects arises in nanoscale devices, many 3D devices and materials have been proposed and investigated. Carbon Nanotube can be used as best materials for replacement of channel material MOSFET transistors due to its good electrical properties. Silicon nanotube field effect transistor is having two gates as an inner and outer gates, provides excellent electrostatic control and short channel effects immunity. In this paper, Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor and Si- Nanotube field effect transistors have been designed and investigated. Performance of CNTFET and Si-NT MOSFET has been analysed and compared. These two field effect transistors may be considered for future of semiconductor industry.
Recommendation Algorithm Based on Knowledge Graph to Propagate User Preference

In recommendation algorithms, data sparsity and cold start problems are always inevitable. In order to solve such problems, researchers apply auxiliary information to recommendation algorithms to mine and obtain more potential information through users' historical records and then improve recommendation performance. This paper proposes a model ST_RippleNet, which combines knowledge graph with deep learning. In this model, users' potential interests are mined in the knowledge graph to stimulate the propagation of users' preferences on the set of knowledge entities. In the propagation of preferences, we adopt a triple-based multi-layer attention mechanism, and the distribution of users' preferences for candidate items formed by users' historical click information is used to predict the final click probability. In ST_RippleNet model, music data set is added to the original movie and book data set, and the improved loss function is applied to the model, which is optimized by RMSProp optimizer. Finally, tanh function is added to predict click probability to improve recommendation performance. Compared with the current mainstream recommendation methods, ST_RippleNet recommendation algorithm has very good performance in AUC and ACC, and has substantial improvement in movie, book and music recommendation.
Analysis of integrated energy customers under the background of energy revolution

China’s rapid economic development has brought a series of environmental problems, which seriously threaten people’s production and life. Driving the energy revolution and building clean and safe energy systems have become an important part of China’s sustainable development. As a crucial means to reduce energy cost and improve energy efficiency, integrated energy service has been gradually developed in recent years. In this context, how to manage the integrated energy customers and improve their satisfaction and loyalty has become an urgent problem to be solved. This paper applies the method of high dimensional data clustering (HDDC) to study this issue. Moreover, a case study has been analysed to illustrate the suitability and effectiveness of the proposed framework with the daily electricity consumption data of industrial enterprises. This paper has practical value for the integrated energy service providers.
Simulating Survival Data Using the simsurv R Package

The simsurv R package allows users to simulate survival (i.e., time-to-event) data from standard parametric distributions (exponential, Weibull, and Gompertz), two-component mixture distributions, or a user-defined hazard function. Baseline covariates can be included under a proportional hazards assumption. Clustered event times, for example individuals within a family, are also easily accommodated. Time-dependent effects (i.e., nonproportional hazards) can be included by interacting covariates with linear time or a user-defined function of time. Under a user-defined hazard function, event times can be generated for a variety of complex models such as flexible (spline-based) baseline hazards, models with time-varying covariates, or joint longitudinal-survival models.
Bovine serum albumin as a nanocarrier for the efficient delivery of ginsenoside compound K: preparation, physicochemical characterizations and in vitro biological studies

Ginsenosides are triterpenoids that are found in P. ginseng; they have numerous important structural, functional and pharmacological properties. In this work, a desolvation method was used to entrap ginsenoside CK within bovine serum albumin (BSA) to form BSA–CK nanoparticles (NPs), which enhance its aqueous solubility and stability. Following purification, the BSA–CK NPs were characterized by several physico-chemical techniques, including high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), electrophoresis, 1H NMR spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM), zeta potential, particle size analysis by dynamic light scattering (DLS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA); the results confirm that the as-prepared BSA–CK NPs are spherical, highly monodispersed and stable in aqueous systems. In addition, the time-dependent and pH stabilities of the BSA–CK NPs were analyzed over a period of 8 days; the results suggest that the nanoparticles are stable in physiological buffer (pH 7.4), whereas they are readily degraded under acidic conditions (pH 5.0) which mimic intracellular pH conditions. Furthermore, comparative water solubility analysis of the BSA–CK NPs and standard CK showed that the BSA carrier enhances the water solubility of ginsenoside CK. In vitro cytotoxicity assays of the BSA–CK NPs and standard CK revealed that the BSA–CK NPs demonstrate greater in vitro therapeutic efficacy in the HaCaT skin cell line, the A549 lung cancer cell line, the HepG2 liver carcinoma cell line and the HT29 colon cancer cell line in comparison with standard CK. Moreover, RAW264.7 cells treated with BSA–CK NPs exhibited decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production. Collectively, these results suggest that the BSA–CK NPs may be useful as a delivery vehicle in cancer cell lines and may also possess anti-inflammatory effects.
15N-nitrate Uptake Activity and Root-to-shoot Transport Assay in Rice

[Abstract] 15N is a nonradioactive heavy isotope of nitrogen, widely used for biochemical and physiological research in plants. For instance, 15N-KNO3 was used as the nitrogen source in plants in order to investigate nitrate uptake activity and transport from roots to shoots (Lin et al., 2008). Here, we describe a detailed pipeline used for labeling living rice (Oryza sativa) plants with 15N-KNO3 and determination of net nitrate uptake and transport activity, and this protocol was proved to be valid in Arabidopsis and rice (Lin et al., 2008; Hu et al., 2015).
Management of hypocalcemia after modified bilateral radical neck dissection followed with total thyroidectomy: a case report

Hypocalcemia is a common complication after total thyroidectomy due to acute hypoparathyroidsm post-surgery. The incident varies from 7%-69% depends on the surgery center. The management is divided based on the onset and symptoms. Carpal-pedal spasm, seizure, bronchospasms are the emergency symptoms of hypocalcemia that require administration of intravenous calcium. However the management of asymptomatic hypocalcemia with oral calcium, vitamin D and hydrochlorothiazide can be difficult due to wide fluctuations of serum calcium and the risks of complication. Hereby we report a 14-year-old girl with hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidsm post modified bilateral radical neck dissection and total thyroidectomy. She had papillary thyroid carcinoma and lymph node metastases. After surgery, she developed classic sign of hypocalcemia, numbness in extremities which progressed to cramps. Physical examination revealed chvostek’s sign. Laboratory examination showed critical value of hypocalcemia with normal level of albumin, hypoparathyroidsm and hypovitaminosis D. The initial treatment was started by giving intravenous calcium gluconate 10% and calcitriol. Monitoring level of calcium and phosphate were performed regularly. Calcium level was maintained by giving high dose of elemental calcium, vitamin D3 and hydrochlorothiazide followed.
Knowledge Integration in Engineering, Procurement and Construction Projects: A Conceptual Study

EPC is a contractual arrangement in which the responsibility related to engineering services, procurement of raw materials, and construction lie with the contractor. Solar plants, infrastructure projects are some of the examples of EPC projects. With the need of rapid infrastructural development in developing countries like India needs scientific and better management strategies for the EPC projects.EPC projects are diverse requiring proper integration of knowledge of different fields of management and engineering.It is an accepted fact that when any term is understood conceptually it lasts long and is easier to integrate with other concepts.The workforce involved in the projects can share their knowledge with future projects which would lead to better knowledge integration. The problems of the EPC projects is unique therefore knowledge integration and better management strategies will go a long way in enhancing the efficiency of EPC projects. Thefocus of the paper is to identify the nature of EPC projects and understand conceptually the management strategies which can be used in the EPC projects for increasing the performance.The study is important for developing countries like India where EPC projects are gaining increased popularity.
Co (II) desorption from silica gel and mercapto-silica hybrid

This paper aims to study Co (II) desorption from silica gel (SG) and mercapto-silica hybrids (MSH) by many desorbing agents. SG was prepared from sodium silicate from rice husk ash, whereas MSH was SG modified by organic compounds 3-(trimethoxysilyl) - 1-propanthiol. The characterization of adsorbents covered by an X-ray diffractometer and an FTIR spectrophotometer. Optimization of contact time for adsorption of Co (II) on HMS and the procedure of desorption agents (H2O, HCl, Na2EDTA.2H2O) at different contact times and concentrations via batch methods. The results showed that the optimum contact time for Co (II) adsorption on MSH was 120 minutes. The most appropriate desorbing agents for SG and MSH were HCl and Na2EDTA.2H2O. The optimum contact times for Co (II) desorption on SG and MSH were 90 and 120 minutes, respectively. The optimum concentration of HCl for desorbing Co (II) on SG was 0.025 M. While, the optimum concentration of Na2EDTA.2H2O for Co (II) desorption on MSH was 0.1 M.
Dirt Classification of Silicon Wafers Based on Deep Learning

Deep learning technology is now widely used in the industry, and some irregular blemishes and stains can be solved by deep learning methods. In this paper, the deep learning resnet network is used to classify and judge the dirt that appears on the silicon chip. It is a residual network structure. The mapping relationship between layers is realized through jump connections to ensure that the number of network layers’ increases. In the process of gradient backpropagation, there will be no gradient disappearance and gradient explosion, and the goal of training deep networks is achieved. This article is to apply the resnet deep neural network on the silicon wafer image to make a certain area on the silicon wafer make the right judgment for the dirty problem.