Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and Management of UTI in Primary Care Settings—A Qualitative Study to Inform a Diagnostic Quick Reference Tool for Women Under 65 Years

Background: To inform interventions to improve antimicrobial use in urinary tract infections (UTIs) and contribute to a reduction in Escherichia coli bloodstream infection, we explored factors influencing the diagnosis and management of UTIs in primary care. Design: Semi-structured focus groups informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework. Setting: General practice (GP) surgeries in two English clinical commissioning groups (CCGs), June 2017 to March 2018. Participants: A total of 57 GP staff within 8 focus groups. Results: Staff were very aware of common UTI symptoms and nitrofurantoin as first-line treatment, but some were less aware about when to send a urine culture, second-line and non-antibiotic management, and did not probe for signs and symptoms to specifically exclude vaginal causes or pyelonephritis before prescribing. Many consultations were undertaken over the phone, many by nurse practitioners, and followed established protocols that often included urine dipsticks and receptionists. Patient expectations increased use of urine dipsticks, and immediate and 5 days courses of antibiotics. Management decisions were also influenced by patient co-morbidities. No participants had undertaken recent UTI audits. Patient discussions around antibiotic resistance and back-up antibiotics were uncommon compared to consultations for respiratory infections. Conclusions: Knowledge and skill gaps could be addressed with education and clear, accessible, UTI diagnostic and management guidance and protocols that are also appropriate for phone consultations. Public antibiotic campaigns and patient-facing information should cover UTIs, non-pharmaceutical recommendations for “self-care”, prevention and rationale for 3 days antibiotic courses. Practices should be encouraged to audit UTI management.
Atmospheric correction in coastal region using same-day observations of different sun-sensor geometries with a revised POLYMER model.

In this paper, with a revised POLYMER (POLYnomial based approach applied to MERIS data) atmospheric correction model, we present a novel scheme (two-angle atmospheric correction algorithm, termed as TAACA) to remove atmospheric contributions in satellite ocean color measurements for coastal environments, especially when there are absorbing aerosols. TAACA essentially uses the same water properties as a constraint to determine oceanic and atmospheric properties simultaneously using two same-day consecutive satellite images having different sun-sensor geometries. The performance of TAACA is first evaluated with a synthetic dataset, where the retrieved remote-sensing reflectance (Rrs) by TAACA matches very well (the coefficient of determination (R2) ≥ 0.98) with the simulated Rrs for each wavelength, and the unbiased root mean square error (uRMSE) is ∼12.2% for cases of both non-absorbing and strongly absorbing aerosols. When this dataset is handled by POLYMER, for non-absorbing aerosol cases, the R2 and uRMSE values are ∼0.99 and ∼7.5%, respectively, but they are ∼0.92 and ∼39.5% for strongly absorbing aerosols. TAACA is further assessed using co-located VIIRS measurements for waters in Boston Harbor and Massachusetts Bay, and the retrieved Rrs from VIIRS agrees with in situ measurements within ∼27.3% at the visible wavelengths. By contrast, a traditional algorithm resulted in uRMSE as 3890.4% and 58.9% at 410 and 443 nm, respectively, for these measurements. The Rrs products derived from POLYMER also show large deviations from in situ measurements. It is envisioned that more reliable Rrs products in coastal waters could be obtained from satellite ocean color measurements with a scheme like TAACA, especially when there are strongly absorbing aerosols.
Highly increased risk of fracture in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasm

Abstract The risk for hip and vertebral fracture was determined in 10,752 patients diagnosed with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) in Sweden 1995–2015. The mean follow-up time were 6.34 years. Five percent developed hip fracture and 1.3% a vertebral fracture. There was a significant increased risk for fracture among the MPN patients compared with the Swedish population. The ratio of observed (obs) and expected (exp) number of hip fracture in all MPN patients, polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia and MPN undetermined (MPNu) was 1.20 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10–1.31), 1.37 (95% CI: 1.19–1.58), 1.02 (95% CI: 0.87–1.19), and 1.28 (95% CI: 1.07–1.52), respectively. Corresponding figures for vertebral fractures were 1.94 (95% CI: 1.64–2.29), 2.09 (95% CI: 1.56–2.75), 1.50 (95% CI: 1.06–2.07) and 2.47 (95% CI: 1.77–3.35), respectively. Patients with MPN had an increased risk of hip and vertebral fracture, especially patients with PV and MPNu in comparison with the entire Swedish population.
Integrated Photodetectors Based on Group IV and Colloidal Semiconductors: Current State of Affairs

With the aim to take advantage from the existing technologies in microelectronics, photodetectors should be realized with materials compatible with them ensuring, at the same time, good performance. Although great efforts are made to search for new materials that can enhance performance, photodetector (PD) based on them results often expensive and difficult to integrate with standard technologies for microelectronics. For this reason, the group IV semiconductors, which are currently the main materials for electronic and optoelectronic devices fabrication, are here reviewed for their applications in light sensing. Moreover, as new materials compatible with existing manufacturing technologies, PD based on colloidal semiconductor are revised. This work is particularly focused on developments in this area over the past 5–10 years, thus drawing a line for future research.
MRI predictors of intracranial hemorrhage in acute ischemic stroke after endovascular thrombectomy therapy.

OBJECTIVES To investigate the predictors for the occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) therapy in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. METHODS Patients with AIS who underwent EVT and bridging therapy were enrolled retrospectively. ICH was evaluated on follow-up noncontrast CT or MRI. Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) volume, perfusion weighted imaging (PWI) volume, DWI-PWI mismatch (DPM) volume and other clinical data were collected for 135 AIS patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to predict ICH after therapy in AIS patients. RESULTS The DWI volume in patients undergoing EVT with ICH was significantly larger than that in patients without ICH (50.61±47.43 vs 26.65±29.51; t=-2.416, P=0.020). For patients treated with bridging therapy, patients with ICH had larger DWI volume (26.32±29.66 vs 13.04±20.14; t=-2.013, P=0.037) and PWI volume (174.21±75.12 vs 129.87±60.29; t=-2.618, P=0.011) than patients without ICH. More patients with ICH were attempted for >3 passes with retriever during EVT than patients without ICH (EVT: 51.72% vs 26.19%; χ2 =5.131, P=0.028; bridging therapy: 48.15% vs 21.62%; χ2 =4.982, P=0.033). Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that DWI volume (OR, 1.017 (95% CI, 1.002-1.033); P=0.022) and >3 passes with the retriever (OR, 0.327 (95% CI, 0.114-0.936); P=0.037) were independently associated with ICH after EVT in AIS patients. DWI volume (OR, 1.024 (95% CI, 1.011-1.048); P=0.046), PWI volume (OR, 1.010 (95% CI, 1.002-1.018); P=0.016) and >3 passes with the retriever (OR, 0.281 (95% CI, 0.089-0.887); P=0.030) were independently associated with ICH after bridging therapy in AIS patients. CONCLUSIONS DWI volume, PWI volume and >3 passes with the retriever were able to predict the ICH in patients with AIS after EVT therapy.
The Light and Shadow of Rapid Serological Tests for SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Results from a Study in a Large Emergency Department

A critical point in the management of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is the need to promptly identify the greatest number of infected people and to implement strict public health measures. In this study, the performance of a rapid serological test in a clinical setting was evaluated. Samples from 819 consecutive patients (with or without respiratory symptoms) admitted to a large Emergency Department were tested between 23 March and 21 April 2020. Patient samples were tested in a real-time PCR assay and a serological assay. In total, 148/819 patients (18.1%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time PCR. The serological test revealed that 70/819 patients (8.5%) had anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and/or IgG. The prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was significantly higher in patients with respiratory symptoms lasting for >7 days than in those with respiratory symptoms lasting for 0–7 days (p < 0.001). The serological assay had an overall sensitivity of 35.1% and an overall specificity of 97.3%. A high negative predictive value (96.7%) was reported for patients without respiratory symptoms. The results confirm that rapid serological assays alone are not sufficient for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection but can be incorporated into large-scale screening programs during periods in which the virus circulation is low.
Adsorption and sensing of an anticancer drug on the boron nitride nanocones; a computational inspection

Abstract The electrical response of boron nitride nanocones (BNNCs) to 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) drug was investigated by first-principle density functional theory (DFT). The adsorption of 5FU causes a significant decrease in the BNNCs HOMO-LUMO gap (from 4.60 to 3.39 eV), thereby, the electrical conductivity has also increased. It indicates that the BNNCs could be an appropriate candidate for 5FU detection and may be used in the electronic sensors. Furthermore, the work function of BNNCs is influenced by the 5FU adsorption and the work function of BNNCs is reduce about 18.99%, it could also be a work function based sensor for the detection of 5FU. The BNNCs have also the advantage of short recovery time about 4.25 ms for desorption of 5FU.
Child Neurology: Pheochromocytoma Unveiled by Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome in a Child With Neurofibromatosis Type 1

A 17-year-old right-handed boy of Korean descent developed sudden onset of palpitations with a general feeling of tremulousness and subsequent flushing. This was followed by a thunderclap headache described as if his entire head exploded and the worst pain of his life. This was accompanied by vertigo, nausea, photophobia, dyspnea, and right ocular pain with conjunctival erythema and binocular blurry vision. The latter symptoms improved after 15 minutes.
Effect of surface mechanical attrition treatment on the microstructure of cobalt–chromium–molybdenum biomedical alloy

This research work describes the impact of the surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) on the microstructure of cobalt–chromium–molybdenum (CoCrMo), a biomedical alloy commonly used for orthopedic applications. This surface treatment induces crystalline phases transformations characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The corresponding structural changes are observed from cross‐section images obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the SMAT process induces the martensitic transformation of the CoCrMo alloy (from γ‐fcc phase to ε‐hcp phase) related to an important grain refinement due to twinning and sliding.
Micro-Structure Determines the Intrinsic Property Difference of Bio-Based Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon—A Case Study

Biomass-derived porous carbon materials have drawn considerable attention due to their natural abundance and low cost. In this work, nitrogen-doped porous carbons with high nitrogen content and large surface areas were designed and prepared from cottonseed hull and cattail. The two plant-based biomass compositions are similar, but the structures are very different, generating distinctly different property and performance of the prepared carbon materials. NRPC-112 has good electrochemical properties, while CN800 has good adsorption properties. By comparing the microstructure differences between the two starting materials, it was found that the structure of the raw materials would significantly affect the properties and performance of the materials. The work provided an important theoretical basis and reference for the selection of bio-resources for preparing carbon material. It is also important for choosing the appropriate synthesis method, process optimization, and application scenarios.
Vacant lot to community garden conversion and crime in Milwaukee: a difference-in-differences analysis

Background Vacant lots generate the perception of neglect and are often opportunistic locations for crime. Evidence is building to suggest that greening vacant lots, especially through community engaged approaches, is associated with reductions in some types of crime. Methods Using a retrospective quasi-experimental approach, we compared the conversion of vacant lots into community gardens (n=53) with a group of matched control lots (n=159) to examine the effect of this intervention on police reported theft, violent and nuisance crime in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Conversions often involved the addition of planter boxes to create a garden, and sometimes included benches, paths, works of art or other landscaping features. Public crime data were used to generate crime rates within 100 m and 250 m around each lot. Results Violent and nuisance crime rates are lower near treatment lots based on an unadjusted difference-in-differences analysis of means and two Poisson regression models. While no substantial effects were observed among theft crimes, the most consistent crime rate reductions were found among violent crime within 250 m, ranging between 3.7% and 6.4% across analyses. Conclusions Despite the small number of interventions, community-driven vacant lot to garden conversions were associated with slight reductions in crime. Urban greening initiatives may be a promising strategy to reduce urban crime and warrant further study.
Score confidence intervals and sample sizes for stratified comparisons of binomial proportions

In a series of articles, Gart and Nam construct the efficient score tests and confidence intervals with or without skewness correction for stratified comparisons of binomial proportions on the risk difference, relative risk, and odds ratio effect metrics. However, the stratified score methods and their properties are not well understood. We rederive the efficient score tests, which reveals their theoretical relationship with the contrast‐based score tests, and provides a basis for adapting the method by using other weighting schemes. The inverse variance weight is optimal for a common treatment effect in large samples. We explore the behavior of the score approach in the presence of extreme outcomes when either no or all subjects in some strata are responders, and provide guidance on the choice of weights in the analysis of rare events. The score method is recommended for studies with a small number of moderate or large sized strata. A general framework is proposed to calculate the asymptotic power and sample size for the score test in superiority, noninferiority and equivalence clinical trials, or case‐control studies. We also describe a nearly exact procedure that underestimates the exact power, but the degree of underestimation can be controlled to a negligible level. The proposed methods are illustrated by numerical examples.
Dietary Soy Protein Isolate Attenuates Intestinal Immunoglobulin and Mucin Expression in Young Mice Compared with Casein

Dietary protein sources have profound effects on children and young animals, and are important for the gut barrier function and immune resilience. Milk and soy are the main sources of protein for children and young animals after weaning. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of dairy and soy proteins on the intestinal barrier in early development. Weanling C57BL/6 mice were fed AIN-93G diets prepared with casein or soy protein isolate (SPI) for 21 days. Compared with those fed with the casein diet, mice fed with the SPI diet did not change their body weight and organ coefficients, but increased their feed intake and ratio of feed to gain. SPI lowered the level of luminal secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and downregulated the levels of IL-4, IL-13, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (Pigr), Janus kinase 1 (Jak1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (Stat6), and transforming growth factor-β (Tgfb) in the mouse ileum. Western blotting of ileal proteins confirmed that SPI suppressed the activation of the JAK1/STAT6 signaling pathway. Furthermore, SPI attenuated intestinal mucin production, as demonstrated by the decreased numbers of intestinal goblet cells and the reduced relative expression levels of mucin 1 (Muc1), mucin 2 (Muc2), trefoil factor 3 (Tff3), glucose-regulated protein 94 (Grp94), and anterior gradient homolog 2 (Agr2). The results indicated that the SPI diet could attenuate mouse intestinal immunity, as demonstrated by decreased SIgA and mucin production in the intestine. Therefore, we suggest that our findings should be of consideration when SPI or casein are used as dietary protein sources.
Impact of Storage Conditions on the Breast Milk Peptidome

Human donor milk (HDM) provides appropriate nutrition and offers protective functions in preterm infants. The aim of the study is to examine the impact of different storage conditions on the stability of the human breast milk peptidome. HDM was directly frozen at −80 °C or stored at −20 °C (120 h), 4 °C (6 h), or room temperature (RT for 6 or 24 h). The milk peptidome was profiled by mass spectrometry after peptide collection by ultrafiltration. Profiling of the peptidome covered 3587 peptides corresponding to 212 proteins. The variance of the peptidome increased with storage temperature and time and varied for different peptides. The highest impact was observed when samples were stored at RT. Smaller but significant effects were still observed in samples stored at 4 °C, while samples showed highest similarity to those immediately frozen at −80 °C when stored at −20 °C. Peptide structures after storage at RT for 24 h point to the increased activity of thrombin and other proteases cleaving proteins at lysine/arginine. The results point to an ongoing protein degradation/peptide production by milk-derived proteases. They underline the need for immediate freezing of HDM at −20 °C or −80 °C to prevent degradation of peptides and enable reproducible investigation of prospectively collected samples.
From intestinal dysbiosis to alcohol-associated liver disease

Alcohol-associated intestinal dysbiosis and bacterial overgrowth can lead to a dysregulation of tryptophan metabolism and lower production of indoles. Several of these indole derivatives are aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands that, in turn, are involved in antimicrobial defense via induction of interleukin-22 (IL-22). IL-22 increases the expression of intestinal regenerating islet-derived 3 (Reg3) lectins, which maintain low bacterial colonization of the inner mucus layer and reduce bacterial translocation to the liver. Chronic alcohol consumption is associated with reduced intestinal expression of Reg3β and Reg3γ, increased numbers of mucosa-associated bacteria and bacterial translocation. Translocated microbial products and viable bacteria reach the liver and activate the innate immune system. Release of inflammatory molecules promotes inflammation, contributes to hepatocyte death and results in a fibrotic response. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which chronic alcohol intake changes the gut microbiota and contributes to alcohol-associated liver disease by changing microbial-derived metabolites.
Racial differences in urinary incontinence prevalence, overactive bladder and associated bother among men: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

PURPOSE To examine the association of race/ethnicity with urinary incontinence subtypes and overactive bladder and associated bother in older men. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis utilized data from Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, an observational cohort of four racial/ethnic groups. At the sixth follow-up exam (age 60 to 98 years, 2015-16), urinary symptoms were ascertained with the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire. Prevalence ratios (PR) of urinary incontinence subtypes and overactive bladder without incontinence by race/ethnicity were calculated while adjusting for demographics, comorbidities and medications. Degree of bother was based on scale of 0 (none) to 10 (most) with bother presence defined as a score ≥3. RESULTS Among 1536 men, 94% completed the questionnaire. Among completers, race/ethnicity was 40.7% Non-Hispanic White, 14.3% Chinese, 23.0% Non-Hispanic Black and 22.1% Hispanic. Urinary incontinence was reported by 11.1%, and urgency urinary incontinence accounted for 78.0% of all urinary incontinence. Highest prevalence of urgency urinary incontinence was noted among Non-Hispanic Black men (13.0%) followed by Hispanic (11.3%), Non-Hispanic White (6.8%) and Chinese (2.9%) men. NH Black men showed higher prevalence of any urinary incontinence (PR 1.62; 95% CI 1.06, 2.47) and urgency urinary incontinence (1.63; 1.01, 2.61) compared to NH White men after adjustments for covariates. No significant association was noted with other urinary incontinence subtypes by race/ethnicity after adjustment for covariates. Over 70% of urinary incontinence was associated with bother for all racial/ethnic groups. CONCLUSION Urinary incontinence prevalence differs by race/ethnicity but most urinary incontinence is associated with bother regardless of race/ethnicity.
Acquired Haemophilia A in Association with Influenza A and Urinary Tract Infection.

Acquired haemophilia A (AHA) is a rare autoimmune disorder caused by an autoantibody against any circulating coagulation factor, especially factor VIII (FVIII). The lack of awareness of this condition suggests that diagnosis is a challenge and usually delayed, which leads to suboptimal treatment. Consequently, early diagnosis is mandatory to prevent potentially life-threatening bleeding complications. We present the case of an 85-year-old woman admitted to hospital with symptoms of respiratory infection who 12 hours later developed haematuria which required transfusion. Laboratory assays showed an isolated prolonged aPTT, a moderately reduced FVIII and a high inhibitor titre. Influenza A and Escherichia coli were also identified. Antivirals, antibiotics, immunosuppressive drugs and haemostatic agents were started. Two weeks later, the inhibitor was not detected, and bleeding and symptoms of infection had resolved. Immunosuppressive drugs were stopped on day 45 and there has been no recurrence since then. To date, no FVIII inhibitors have been reported in concomitant infection with influenza A and urinary E. coli. The identification of conditions potentially associated with AHA is essential to achieve complete remission. LEARNING POINTS The lack of awareness of and experience with acquired haemophilia (AHA) suggests that diagnosis is frequently delayed, resulting in suboptimal treatment.AHA should be suspected in recent-onset abnormal bleeding in patients not receiving anticoagulant treatment, and in the presence of isolated prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Treatment is based on eradication of the inhibitor, control of the bleeding and identification of underlying conditions.
Notes on the breeding of the Freckled Duck in the Lachlan River Valley

Details are given for four breeding records of the Freckled Duck Stictonetta naevosa. Aspects of the habitats that seem important for breeding are noted. For three records, nests are described and clutch-size and measurements of eggs are given. An incubation period of thirty-six days is given for one clutch. Notes on behaviour are also presented. There was no evidence of a pair-bond between incubating birds and other Freckled Ducks near the nests.