Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Phylogenetic Position of the Genus Atheresthes (Pleuronectidae) and its Classification：A molecular phylogenetic approach using mitochondrial sequence data

The phylogenetic position of the genus Atheresthes, long thought to be closely related to Reinhardtius and included the latter by a recent study, was examined from sequence data of the mitochondrial cytochrome b coding region. The nucleotide sequences of 1,140 bp were determined and compared for 11 species, including two outgroup taxa. A total of 464 sites (40.7%) were variable among the species. The pairwise nucleotide differences among ingroup species ranged from 7.5% to 20.8%, those between A. evermanni and the other pleuronectids examined being extremely high (19.1-20.8%) and similar to the values between an outgroup species (Paralichthys olivaceus) and all pleuronectids examined (18.4-20.4%). Phylogenetic analyses by maximum-parsimony (MP) and maximum-likelihood (ML) methods showed that the p1euronectids did not form a single monophyletic group, at the same time supporting the monophyly of all of the latter except A. evermanni, with high confidence levels (94% and 91%, respectively). The unrooted MP tree resulted in a branch length to A. evermanni much longer than those among other ingroup species, the results overall indicating that A. evermanni was not closely related to Reinhardtius hippoglossoides and was best placed in a basal position in pleuronectid phylogeny. This supports retention of the above two genera.
Effect of entrepreneurs’ character on smes performance in lagos state

The success of SMEs hinges on the character display by the entrepreneurs in a competitive business environment. Many SMEs have failed as a result of entrepreneur’s lackadaisical display in controlling and coordinating the business. This study examined the effects of entrepreneurs’ character on SMEs performance in Lagos State. This study used survey research designed via administering questionnaires to the entrepreneurs’ of SMEs in Lagos State. 260 questionnaires were administered to the respondents and 231 were retrieved. Regression method of analysis was employed to test the stated hypotheses and the findings revealed that risk taking has a weak positive effect on profitability but competitive aggressiveness and innovativeness have a strong positive effect on sales growth of SMEs in Lagos State. The study recommended that entrepreneurs’ operating in Lagos State need to be very mindful of the risk they take in order to improve their business performance in terms sales growth and profitability. Entrepreneurs need to develop new business ideas to enhance innovativeness and creativity so as to achieve increase in both financial and non-financial performance.
Loss of vascular homeostasis with age : correlation of structural changes in endothelial glycosaminoglycans with endothelial progenitor cell function

Ageing poses one of the largest risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The increased propensity towards vascular pathology with advancing age maybe explained, in part, by a reduction in the ability of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to contribute to vascular repair and regeneration. Among all current putative EPC populations, outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) display the most features consistent with a human postnatal vasculogenic cell. Cell-surface heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans, by virtue of specific sulfated domains within the glycosaminoglycan chain, are able to bind and modulate the activities of a variety of proteins important for EPC mobilisation, homing and function at sites requiring neovascularization. This study aimed to determine if human OEC function is impaired with age, and to ascertain whether this is accompanied by changes in the fine structure of OEC HS.Using in vitro cell culture methods, OECs were isolated from healthy subjects across an age range and cell phenotype was verified by the demonstration of numerous endothelial, but not hematopoietic, cell characteristics. The functional capacity of peripheral blood derived OECs from young and old subjects, and comparative cord blood derived OECs, was assessed in terms of their susceptibility to apoptosis, proliferative, migratory and tube-forming capabilities. In vitro scratch and transwell migration assays revealed that the migratory capacity of peripheral blood derived OECs isolated from old subjects was impaired in comparison to those from young subjects and cord blood derived OECs. Structural analysis of HS by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) demonstrated a significant reduction in the relative percentage of the trisulfated disaccharide, 2-O-sulfated-uronic acid, N, 6-O-sulfated-glucosamine (UA[2S]-GlcNS[6S]), within OEC HS with age (r = -0.847, p=<0.01). Moreover, a decline in the migratory response of OECs towards a gradient of VEGF significantly correlated with the percentage expression of this disaccharide (r = 0.840, p<0.01). Disruption of cell surface HS by pre-treatment with heparinase I and III was found to significantly reduce the VEGF-induced migratory response of peripheral blood derived OECs isolated from young subjects to levels similar to that observed for OECs from older individuals. Understanding the role of HS in regulating the directional migration of EPCs to sites requiring neovascularization and developing approaches to facilitate EPC migration may aid in the design of more successful strategies to optimise the regenerative capacity of these cells in the ageing vasculature.
Chemical composition of ambient PM 2. 5 over China and relationship to precursor emissions during 2005–2012

Abstract. In this work, we presented the characteristics of PM2. 5 chemical composition over China for the period of 2005–2012 by synthesis of in situ measurement data collected from literatures and satellite-based estimates using aerosol optical depth (AOD) data and the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model. We revealed the spatiotemporal variations in PM2. 5 composition during 2005–2012 and investigated the driving forces behind the variations by examining the changes in precursor emissions using a bottom-up emission inventory. Both in situ observations and satellite-based estimates identified that secondary inorganic aerosols (i.e., sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium; SNA) ranked as the highest fraction of dust-free PM2. 5 concentrations, followed by organic matter (OM) and black carbon (BC). For instance, satellite-based estimates found that SNA, OM, and BC contributed to 59, 33, and 8 %, respectively, of national population-weighted mean dust-free PM2. 5 concentrations during 2005–2012. National population-weighted mean PM2. 5 concentration increased from 63.9 µg m−3 in 2005 to 75.2 µg m−3 in 2007 and subsequently decreased to 66.9 µg m−3 from 2007 to 2012. Variations in PM2. 5 concentrations are mainly driven by the decrease in sulfate and the increase in nitrate. Population-weighted mean sulfate concentration decreased by 2.4 % yr−1 during 2005–2012 (from 14.4 to 12.9 µg m−3), while population-weighted mean nitrate concentration increased by 3.4 % yr−1 during 2005–2012 (from 9.8 to 12.2 µg m−3), largely offsetting the decrease in sulfate concentrations. By examining the emission data from the Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC), we found that the changes in sulfate and nitrate concentrations were in line with the decrease in SO2 emissions and the increase in NOx emissions during the same period. The desulfurization regulation in power plants enforced around 2005 has been the primary contributor to the SO2 emission reduction since 2006. In contrast, growth of energy consumption and lack of control measures for NOx resulted in a persistent increase in NOx emissions until the installation of denitrification devices on power plants late in 2011, which began to take effect in 2012. The results of this work indicate that the synchronized abatement of emissions for multipollutants is necessary for reducing ambient PM2. 5 concentrations over China.
Diagnosing Hyperlipidemia Using Association Rules

Data mining methodologies have been developed for exploration and analysis of large quantities of data to discover meaningful patterns and rules. This paper presents a new approach, that employs data mining, to find association rules an effective method for discovering Hyperlipidemia. The propose system has been projected from the biochemistry blood parameters which will be very helpful for and will make everything easier for the physicians in the diagnosis of Hyperlipidemia. The basic characteristic of the lipide parameters that is Total cholesterol, LDL, Triglyceride, HDL and VLDL parameters are used in the process of entering the system and finally Hyperlipidemia (T) and Hyperlipidemia (F) results have been evaluated at the end of this process. Data of 492 patients are evaluated in the projected system. The results of the decision support system have completely matched with those of the physicians decisions.
Family Configurations: A Structural Approach to Family Diversity

The book develops current scholarship on families and intimate lives, demonstrating that family relationships, fare from being fluid and unconsequential, are more structured and committed than ever. Applying social network methods to uncover the relational patterns of contemporary families, this book argues for the development of a configurational perspective in terms of which the complexities that characterise family commitments in late mdernity can be better understood. Based on a series of empirical studies carried out in the US and Europe, Family Configurations reveals the diversity of family relationships that emerge as a result of various key family issues, emphasizing the interdependencies existing among large sets of family members. As such, it addresses conflict within families, divorce and family recomposition, the impact on families of psychological problems, as well as questions of social capital, and changes in family relationships through the life course. Making use of rich empirical data, this book draws on recent developments in family sociology,social network analysis and kinship studies to present a fascinating interdisciplinary approach to the family.
The Life of David Lack: Father of Evolutionary Ecology

Chapter I: The Birds of Cambridgeshire Chapter II: The Life of Robin Chapter III: Darwin's Finches Chapter IV: Robin Redbreast Chapter V: The Natural Regulation of Animal Numbers Chapter VI: Swifts in a Tower Chapter VII: Evolutionary Theory and Christian Belief Chapter VIII: Enjoying Ornithology Chapter IX: Population Studies of Birds Chapter X: Ecological Adaptations for Breeding in Birds Chapter XI: Ecological Isolation in Birds Chapter XII: Evolution Illustrated by Waterfowl Chapter XIII: Island Biology Notes
Contenido y captura potencial de carbono en la biomasa forestal de San Pedro Jacuaro, Michoacán

Como consecuencia del aumento de las concentraciones de carbono en la atmosfera y su repercusion en el cambio climatico global ha surgido la necesidad de determinar la cantidad de carbono almacenado en los ecosistemas, de los cuales los bosques templados representan un gran potencial de captura del mismo en sus diferentes depositos (biomasa aerea o forestal, suelo y mantillo); la biomasa aerea comprende el fuste, las hojas y las ramas. Este estudio se llevo a cabo en el ejido de San Pedro Jacuaro, en el estado de Michoacan, porque sus bosques tienen un buen estado de conservacion y estan bajo manejo. Se realizaron dos estimaciones, conservadora y real, del contenido de carbono en dicha biomasa. La primera vario entre 67 y 177 Mg C ha -1 , con promedio ponderado de 103.1 Mg C ha -1 . La segunda registro valores de 71 a 198 Mg C ha -1 , con un promedio ponderado de 129.1 Mg C ha -1 ; respecto a la captura potencial de carbono se estimo que el bosque fija 1.54 Mg C ha -1 ano -1 , que corresponde a 5.65 Mg CO 2 e ha -1 ano -1 en las 1 842 ha, lo que hace posible estimar que, potencialmente, puede hacerlo con un total de 2 837 Mg C ano -1 , que equivalen a 10 401.16 Mg CO 2 e ano -1 . Estos resultados sugieren que el area de estudio sea atractiva para proyectos de captura de carbono como REDD+.
Plant fungal pathogens : methods and protocols

Over the course of evolution, fungi have adapted to occupy specific niches, from symbiotically inhabiting the flora of the intestinal tract of mammals to saprophytic growth on leaf litter resting on the forest floor. In Plant Fungal Pathogens: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field detail many of the methods which are now commonly used to study fungal plant pathogens. These include methods and techniques for model systems such as Arabidopsis thaliana as well as crop plants, aspects of fungal biology, genome annotation, next-generation sequencing, and fungal transformation and molecular tools for disease and/or pathogen quantification that are critical for revealing the role for a fungal gene of interest in disease development. Chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.
Neural correlates of perceptual speed-up after adaptation to delayed auditory feedback

Introduction Perception of synchrony between a voluntary action and the sensory feedback thereof is changed after a short exposure phase to delayed auditory feedback (DAF) (Heron et al., 2009; Sugano et al., 2010). Auditory reaction times (RTs) are also shorter after exposure to DAF, suggesting that auditory processing is enhanced (Sugano et al., 2016). Here, we examined the neural correlates of this speed-up.
Applications of Genomics to Rice Breeding

Genomics can be defined as the mapping, sequencing, and functional analysis of genomes, the entire genetic complement of an organism. Before high-throughput DNA sequencing was available, genomes were studied largely by mapping using genetic markers. With the complete genome sequencing of many organisms and the development of powerful methods of gene discovery, the identification of functions for thousands of genes is proceeding rapidly (functional genomics). The fields of structural and functional genomics are intimately related, and this mini-review will consider applications of these fields to rice breeding.
The Ansaaru Allah Community

The Ansaaru Allah Community (also known as the Ansarullah Community) was one of the African American Muslim movements to emerge out of the new, indigenous forms of Islam in America in the 1960s. This movement might best be understood within the context of America’s twentieth century Black ‘cultic milieu’; the esoteric ‘underground’ of spiritual/philosophical concepts, debating circles and private practitioners that was percolating in the rebellious salons of the major American cities (Campbell 1972). Within this eclectic milieu, various Black messianic spiritual movements took root and evolved into successful NRMs, such as the Moorish Science Temple, the Nation of Islam, and the Five Percent Nation of Gods and Earths (McCloud 1995). Marcus Garvey’s “Blackosophy” of the early 1900s (Moses 1987; Simpson 1978), and the Black Nationalist and Civil Rights movements of the 1960s and 1970s also contributed to the formation of these African-American NRMs. The Ansaaru Allah Community (AAC) was an African-American communal society that flourished in Brooklyn, NY from 1973 to 1992. ‘Ansaaru Allah’ refers to the ‘helpers of Allāh’, and the daily life of the members was centered on their mosque on Bushwick Avenue. This intentional community, which might be described as utopian, millenarian and messianic, dominated the neighborhood around Brooklyn’s Bushwick Avenue for over nineteen years. The Ansaars published a newsletter, The Nuwaubian Village Bulletin, and hundreds of ‘scrolls’ (small booklets) co-authored by their messianic founder with his plural wives. These scrolls were sold in the bookstore on Bushwick Avenue and distributed in the streets of New York and other major cities by the Ansaar missionaries, known as Propagators. On the surface the AAC appeared to be an expatriate community of African fundamental Muslims. The men wore Sudanese robes and turbans, and the women wore long white gowns and burkas. But a reading of the AAC literature indicates that the Qurʾānic verses and aḥadīth are intertwined with ufology, theosophy and New Age racialist creation myths. A study of the forty-year history of this movement reveals that the founder, Dwight D. York (b. 1945), has founded not just one, but an elaborate series of at least seven spiritual
Monograph of the Monocotyledon: Inhabiting Species of Lophodermium

History of the genus "Lophodermium" the monocotyledon-inhabiting species of "Lophodermium" materials and methods morphology and ontogeny morphological gropus biology and distribution cladistic analyses keys to accepted species species descriptions appendix - extra-limital species examined list of new taxa and new combinations host list.
Game-theoretic solution concept for complete vehicle energy management

• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
The role of mucus in the cross talk between gut bacteria and the host

Abstract The mammalian gastrointestinal tract is home to a complex microbial community engaged in a dynamic interaction with the immune system. Mucus is the first point of contact of the microbiota with the host, acting as a first line of defence. Furthermore γδ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) respond to the invading bacteria that circumvent the mucus barrier. In this study two approaches were used to investigate the role of mucus in intestinal homeostasis; firstly the impact of γδ IELs on the mucus layer, and secondly the adhesion properties of the gut symbiont Lactobacillus reuteri to mucus. To study the impact of IELs on mucus properties, a γδ T cell-deficient (TCRδ-/-) mouse model was used. TCRδ-/- mice showed increased susceptibility to dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis, alterations in mucin expression, glycosylation and goblet cell numbers, but maintained an intact mucus layer in vivo. Moreover, TCRδ-/- mice showed reduced levels of interleukin-33 mRNA, a mediator of mucosal healing. An ex vivo SI organoid model using input cells from TCRδ-/- mice showed, upon addition of keratinocyte growth factor, increases in crypt length, and both goblet cell numbers and redistribution. These findings provide novel mechanisms by which γδ IELs may modulate mucus properties, explaining the increased susceptibility of TCRδ-/- mice to chemically-induced colitis. L. reuteri strains protect against DSS-induced colitis in mice. To investigate the importance of L. reuteri adhesion to the intestinal mucus layer, the mucus-producing HT29-MTX cell line as well as murine and human intestinal tissues were used in conjunction with chemical treatments. The mucus-binding protein MUB of L. reuteri ATCC 53608 was found to promote L. reuteri adhesion to mucins in a host and tissuespecific manner and display sialic acid-binding specificities. Together, these data provide insights into L. reuteri-mucus interactions; a key factor in influencing host response and exerting health effects.
Role of Bcl3 in the normal and neoplastic mammary gland

The NF-kB family of transcription factors have previously been shown to be elevated in many malignant diseases including breast cancer. NF-kB activation is strongly associated with signalling downstream of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of receptors in both aggressive EGFR-positive and ERBB2-positive breast cancer subtypes. These observations have led to much interest in the use of NF-kB inhibitors to suppress tumour progression in breast cancer patients. However, as NF-kB controls numerous functions in homeostasis there are significant risks associated with sustained global inhibition of NF-kB signalling. This investigation therefore aimed to determine whether inhibition of the NF-kB co-factor, B-Cell Lymphoma 3 (BCL3), would block the pro-tumourigenic function of NF-kB, while allowing it to retain its physiological functions in normal tissues. Deletion of BCL3 had no effect on the gross morphology or function of the mammary gland during the pregnancy cycle, although a subtle BCL3 dose-dependent effect was observed during involution whereby 8c/3+/" mice had increased apoptotic bodies in comparison with both 6c/3+/+ and Bcl3'h mice. Loss of BCL3 in the context of ERBB2-driven murine mammary carcinogenesis resulted in a significant delay in both the initiation and metastatic progression of mammary adenocarcinomas. Further in vitro investigation revealed that Bcl3 suppression by SiRNA in a murine mammary ERBB2- positive cell line reduced both the migratory and invasive capacity of cells, indicating that BCL3 was able, at least in part, to exert a pro-metastatic effect in a cell autonomous manner. In addition, SiRNA suppression of BCL3 reduced both the proliferative and migratory capacity of both ERBB2-positive and EGFR-positive human breast cancer cell lines. Collectively, these results suggest that targeting BCL3 may be an effective therapeutic strategy in the treatment of both ERBB2- and EGFR-positive breast cancers.
Continued selection of Romney sheep for resistance or susceptibility to nematode infection: estimates of direct and correlated responses.

Divergent breeding lines of Romney sheep, selected as lambs for consistently high or low faecal worm egg count (FEC) following natural multi-species challenge by nematode parasites, were established in New Zealand at Wallaceville Animal Research Centre in 1979 and at Rotomahana Station in 1985. In 1988 the Rotomahana lines, including an unselected control line maintained under the same management conditions, were transferred to Tokanui Station where they remained for 4 years. In 1993 elite high and low FEC animals from Tokanui, along with the controls, were transferred to Wallaceville, where merged lines have since been managed together. Selection responses from the lines at Rotomahana and Tokanui, and from a further 5 years of divergent selection in the merged lines, are reported here. For the two most recent lamb crops (1996 and 1997 birth years), log-transformed FECs of the high and low lines were 1·27 and -1·46 phenotypic standard deviation units from the control. After back-transformation to the original scale, where the FEC for control line lambs averaged 1255 eggs per g, the means for the high and low lines were 3Ό5 and 0·27 times the control mean. Animal-model restricted maximum likelihood estimates of her it ability and repeatability for single-record FEC (following separate infections) were 0·28 (s.e. 0·02) and 0·42 (s.e. 0Ό1), respectively. Correlated responses in production traits include significantly decreased post-weaning weight gain and increased dags (breech soiling) in lambs, and decreased fleece weight in yearlings and ewes in the low FEC line, compared with those in the high line. However the low FEC line had proportionally 0·11 more lambs weaned per ewe mated than the high FEC line (F < 0·01). It is concluded firstly that selection for high or low FEC in Romney s has achieved an 11-fold difference between the divergent lines. Secondly, it will generally be necessary in a commercial environment to apply index selection for a combination of increased productivity, decreased FEC and possibly decreased dags, when potential candidates are recorded under conditions of nematode challenge.