Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Individual patient education for low back pain.

BACKGROUND While many different types of patient education are widely used, the effect of individual patient education for low-back pain (LBP) has not yet been systematically reviewed. OBJECTIVES To determine whether individual patient education is effective in the treatment of non-specific low-back pain and which type is most effective. SEARCH STRATEGY A computerized literature search of MEDLINE (1966 to July 2006), EMBASE (1988 to July 2006), CINAHL (1982 to July 2006), PsycINFO (1984 to July 2006), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library 2006, Issue 2) was performed. References cited in the identified articles were screened. SELECTION CRITERIA Studies were selected if the design was a randomised controlled trial; if patients experienced LBP; if the type of intervention concerned individual patient education, and if the publication was written in English, German, or Dutch. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The methodological quality was independently assessed by two review authors. Articles that met at least 50% of the quality criteria were considered high quality. Main outcome measures were pain intensity, global measure of improvement, back pain-specific functional status, return-to-work, and generic functional status. Analysis comprised a qualitative analysis. Evidence was classified as strong, moderate, limited, conflicting or no evidence. MAIN RESULTS Of the 24 studies included in this review, 14 (58%) were of high quality. Individual patient education was compared with no intervention in 12 studies; with non-educational interventions in 11 studies; and with other individual educational interventions in eight studies. Results showed that for patients with subacute LBP, there is strong evidence that an individual 2.5 hour oral educational session is more effective on short-term and long-term return-to-work than no intervention. Educational interventions that were less intensive were not more effective than no intervention. Furthermore, there is strong evidence that individual education for patients with (sub)acute LBP is as effective as non-educational interventions on long-term pain and global improvement and that for chronic patients, individual education is less effective for back pain-specific function when compared to more intensive interventions. Comparison of different types of individual education did not show significant differences. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS For patients with acute or subacute LBP, intensive patient education seems to be effective. For patients with chronic LBP, the effectiveness of individual education is still unclear.
Accident Analysis and Prevention

a b s t r a c t Thisstudyexaminedwhetherspeech-basedinterfacesfordifferentin-vehicle-information-systems(IVIS) reducethedistractioncausedbythesesystems.Forthreefrequentlyusedsystems(audio,telephonewith name selection, navigation system with address entry and point of interest selection) speech, manual control and driving without IVIS (baseline) were compared. The Lane Change Task was used to assess driving performance. Additionally, gaze behavior and a subjective measure of distraction were analyzed. Speechinterfacesimproveddrivingperformance,gazebehaviorandsubjectivedistractionforallsystems with the exception of point-of-interest entry. However, these improvements were overall not strong enoughtoreachthebaselineperformancelevel.Onlyineasysegmentsofthedrivingtasktheperformance level was comparable to baseline. Thus, speech-based IVIS have to be further developed to keep the cognitivecomplexityatanadequatelevelwhichdoesnotdisturbdriving.However,lookingatthebeneﬁts, speech control is a must for the car of the future.
Detection of the long noncoding RNAs nuclear‐enriched autosomal transcript 1 (NEAT1) and metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 in the peripheral blood of HIV‐1‐infected patients

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in HIV‐1 infection have not been extensively studied. Here we detected two lncRNAs, nuclear‐enriched autosomal transcript 1 (NEAT1) and metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma of HIV‐1‐infected patients.
The late effects of anticancer therapy after childhood Wilm's tumor: the role of diastolic function and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.

OBJECTIVE Wilms' tumor, or nephroblastoma, is the most common primary malignant renal tumor of childhood. The excellent outcome now expected for most children with this tumor is attributed to the combination of effective adjuvant chemotherapy, improved surgical and anesthetic techniques and also the radiosensitivity of the tumor. The numerous organ systems are subject to the late effects of anticancer therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the blood pressure profile and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and also cardiac diastolic functions and pulmonary venous flow in 25 children with unilateral Wilms' tumor in remission. METHODS The patient group consists of 25 patients who successfully completed anticancer treatment for unilateral Wilms' tumor. Thirty-three age-, weight- and height-matched healthy children were considered as a control group for an echocardiographic study. Also, 20 age-, weight- and height-matched healthy children were considered as a control group for the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring study. RESULTS In our study, 24 h, daytime and night-time systolic blood pressure and night-time diastolic blood pressure measurements were found to be significantly increased in the patient group compared with healthy children. We detected diastolic filling pattern abnormalities. We also found increase in pulmonary venous flow (systolic and diastolic) in Wilms' tumor group. CONCLUSIONS We suggest the regular follow-up of survivors of Wilms' tumor for care and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Rehabilitation for older people in long-term care.

BACKGROUND Examination of demographic trends indicates that the worldwide population is progressively ageing. It is expected that such longevity will be associated with an increase in morbidity and demand for long-term residential care. This review examines whether there is evidence that physical rehabilitation benefits older people in long-term care. OBJECTIVES To evaluate physical rehabilitation interventions directed at improving physical function among older people in long-term care. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the trials registers of the following Cochrane entities: Stroke Group (searched March 2008), Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group (searched August 2006) and the Rehabilitation and Related Therapies Field, (searched August 2006). In addition, we searched 17 relevant electronic databases including the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library 2007, Issue 3), MEDLINE (1966 to 1 October 2007), EMBASE (1980 to 1 October 2007), CINAHL (1982 to 1 October 2007), AMED (1985 to 1 October 2007), PsycINFO (1967 to 1 October 2007) and PEDro (searched 1 October 2007). We also searched trials and research registers and conference proceedings, checked reference lists, and contacted authors and researchers in the field and other relevant Cochrane entities. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised studies comparing a rehabilitation intervention designed to maintain or improve physical function with either no intervention or an alternative intervention in older people aged 60 years or over who have permanent long-term care residency. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. We contacted study authors for additional information. MAIN RESULTS Forty-nine trials involving 3611 participants were included. On average, 74 (range 12 to 468) participants were randomised into trials at baseline. Of studies which reported age, the overall mean age was 82 years (range of 69 to 89). Most interventions lasted less than 20 weeks, and comprised approximately three 30 to 45-minute group sessions per week. Twelve trials conducted post-intervention follow up (maximum one year). Most often a 'usual care' control group was used, but social activity and alternative interventions also featured. The primary outcome, daily activity restriction, was reported by 38 trials. A range of secondary outcomes are also reported. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Provision of physical rehabilitation interventions to long-term care residents is worthwhile and safe, reducing disability with few adverse events.Most trials reported improvement in physical condition. However, there is insufficient evidence to make recommendations about the best intervention, improvement sustainability and cost-effectiveness.
The Effect of Hyperthermia on Survival Fraction of DU 145 Human Prostate Carcinoma Cell Line in Monolayer and Spheroid Culture

Background: Hyperthermia (also called thermal therapy or thermotherapy) is a type of cancer treatment in which body tissue is exposed to high temperatures (up to 113°F). Research has shown that high temperatures can damage and kill cancer cells, usually with minimal injury to normal tissues. For many years, biologists have investigated cancer by using monolayer cell culture. It is becoming more and more apparent that two-dimensional cell culture (monolayer) can not completely represent the real structure and characteristics of three-dimensional in vivo solid tumors. These spheroids resemble in vivo tumor models in several aspects. Therefore, studying growth characteristics and behavior of spheroids is beneficial in understanding the behavior of tumors under various experimental conditions. Methods: In this work we have studied and analyzed the in vitro response of human prostatic carcinoma cell line DU 145 from monolayer and spheroid culture to hyperthermia. For this purpose the DU 145 cells were cultured either as monolayer or spheroids. The thermal response was judged by the survival fraction of colony forming cells in spheroids or monolayer culture following heat treatment. Results: The result of Survival curves has shown that heating cells at 40°C and 41°C has no significant effect on cell viability and survival fraction at various times of heating but heating the cells at 42°C and 43°C in long period of heat treatment reduce the viability and survival fraction particularly. Conclusion: Heat shock at 44°C and 45°C has great effect on this cell viability and survival fraction but in any time and temperature, spheroids were more resistant than monolayer’s.
The effect of engagement in an HIV/AIDS integrated health programme on plasma HIV‐1 RNA suppression among HIV‐positive people who use illicit drugs: a marginal structural modelling analysis

HIV treatment‐as‐prevention campaigns emphasize early diagnosis and immediate access to care and antiretroviral therapy for HIV‐positive individuals in order to increase levels of plasma HIV RNA viral load (VL) suppression. However, the possible role of harm reduction‐based programmes in this objective has not yet been well evaluated. The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between being a client of the Dr. Peter Centre (DPC; an HIV/AIDS‐focused adult integrated health programme) and VL suppression among highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)‐exposed HIV‐positive people who use illicit drugs (PWUD) in Vancouver, Canada.
Deinstitutionalisation; mental health services in the age of neo-liberalism

The policy of deinstitutionalisation i.e. the closure of large psychiatric hospitals and a move towards community-based mental health services has been a feature of services developments in liberal democracies. This policy was the result of a series of criticism of the abusive nature of institutional psychiatry. Though the policy has its roots in a body of essentially, progressive ideas, the policy was pursued at a time when neo-liberal governments were in power – this is particularly the case in the USA and UK. The anti-statist, individualist themes of the critics of chimed with several tenets of neo-liberal ideas. The results of deinstitutionalization have been largely very poor. Community mental health services were largely underfunded, poorly organized and unable to cope with the demands placed upon them. In addition, other social problems such as mass unemployment, the destructive impact of increased substance misuse combined with the reduction in other aspects of welfare state provision meant that the institution was replaced, for many, by a bleak existence for the margins of urban society. More people with mental health problems were drawn into the Criminal Justice system.
Quality of life after rectal resection for cancer, with or without permanent colostomy.

BACKGROUND For almost one hundred years abdominoperineal excision has been the standard treatment of choice for rectal cancer. With advances in the techniques for rectal resection and anastomosis, anterior resection with preservation of the sphincter function has become the preferred treatment for rectal cancers, except for those cancers very close to the anal sphincter. The main reason for this has been the conviction that the quality of life for patients with a colostomy after abdominoperineal excision was poorer than for patients undergoing an operation with a sphincter-preserving technique. However, patients having sphincter-preserving operations may experience symptoms affecting their quality of life that are different from stoma-patients. OBJECTIVES To compare the quality of life in rectal cancer patients with or without permanent colostomy. SEARCH METHODS We searched PUBMED, EMBASE, LILACS, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the Cochrane Colorectal Cancer Group's specialised register. Abstract books from major gastroenterological and colorectal congresses were searched. Reference lists of the selected articles were scrutinized. SELECTION CRITERIA All controlled clinical trials and observational studies in which quality of life was measured in patients with rectal cancer having either abdominoperineal excision/Hartmann's operation or low anterior resection, using a validated quality of life instrument, were considered. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS One reviewer (JP) checked the titles and abstracts identified from the databases and hand search. Full text copies of all studies of possible relevance were obtained. The reviewer decided which studies met the inclusion criteria. Both reviewers independently extracted data. If information was insufficient the original author was contacted to obtain missing data. Extracted data were cross-checked and discrepancies resolved by consensus. MAIN RESULTS Sixty-nine potential studies were identified. Thirty-five of these, all non-randomised and representing 5127 participants met the inclusion criteria. Fourteen trials found that people undergoing abdominoperineal excision/Hartmann's operation did not have poorer quality of life measures than patients undergoing anterior resection. The rest of the studies found some difference, but not always in favour of non-stoma patients. Due to clinical heterogeneity and the fact that all studies were observational trials, meta-analysis of the included studies was not possible. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The studies included in this review do not allow firm conclusions as to the question of whether the quality of life of people after anterior resection is superior to that of people after abdominoperineal excision/Hartmann's operation. The included studies challenges the assumption that anterior resection patients fare better. Larger, better designed and executed prospective studies are needed to answer this question.
Usefulness of J-CAPRA score for high-risk prostate cancer patients treated with carbon ion radiotherapy plus androgen deprivation therapy.

BACKGROUND A novel risk assessment method, Japan Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment, has been developed based on database of patients receiving primary androgen deprivation therapy. To investigate the usefulness of Japan Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment for non-metastatic, high-risk prostate cancer patients treated with carbon ion radiotherapy plus androgen deprivation therapy. METHODS Patients with non-metastatic, high-risk prostate cancer (T3, initial prostate specific antigen level ≥20 ng/ml, and/or Gleason score ≥8) were included. The patients were treated with carbon ion radiotherapy (the total dose from 57.6 Gy (relative biological effectiveness)/16 fractions to 66.0 Gy(relative biological effectiveness)/20 fractions), and neoadjuvant as well as adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy for at least 24 months. RESULTS Four hundred and twenty-six patients were included with the median follow-up of 68.1 months. Of 426, 210 (49.3%), 270 (63.4%) and 251 (58.9%) had Gleason 8-10, prostate specific antigen ≥20 ng/ml and T3, respectively. The 10-year progression-free and cause-specific survival rates in Japan Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment 1-2 group (76.5 and 98.9%) were significantly better than those in Japan Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment 3-6 group (52.6 and 93.1%), (P < 0.001 and P = 0.044, respectively). The median progression-free survivals in the Japan Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment 1-2 and 3-6 groups were 158.9 months and 125.9 months (95% confidence interval: 108.6-143.2 months), respectively. CONCLUSIONS For non-metastatic, high-risk prostate cancer patients treated with carbon ion radiotherapy plus androgen deprivation therapy, Japan Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment score was useful for predicting the progression-free and cause-specific survivals.
Disparities in HIV‐1 transmitted drug resistance detected by ultradeep sequencing between men who have sex with men and heterosexual populations

Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) can impair the response to first‐line antiretroviral therapy. In treatment‐naïve patients chronically infected with HIV type 1 (HIV‐1), it was previously shown through Sanger sequencing that TDR was more common in men who have sex with men (MSM) than in other transmission risk groups. We aimed to compare two HIV‐1 transmission groups in terms of the presence of TDR mutations.
THE INFLUENCE OF SERUM MAGNESIUM LEVELS ON BRAIN TISSUE OXYGENATION AFTER SEVERE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

Traumatic brain injury is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. A number of different pharmacological and therapeutic based clinical trials have proven to not be efficacious for reversing these trends. In fact, many of these clinical trials have had deleterious effects on patient outcome. Clinical trials with magnesium supplementation are included in this group. The routine use of magnesium may increase the likelihood of secondary hypoxic and anoxia events in these patients, therefore leading to increases in morbidity and mortality in a number of patient populations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of magnesium supplementation on cerebral oxygen tension levels after closed head injury. Nineteen severe head injury patients, who had both cerebral oxygen probe placement and magnesium supplementation within the first 48 hours after injury were included in this study. All interventions were performed under patient consent and Institutional Review Board approval. The cerebral vascular response to magnesium varied by patient, with some patients having dramatic loses or gains in oxygen levels, while others were unaffected. Since only two female patients were included in this group, statistical analysis of data was restricted to the males of the study group. Overall cerebral oxygen levels were clinically unchanged during magnesium infusion periods (27.698 mmHg versus 24.886mmHg) using a mixed model regression adjusting for cerebral perfusion pressure, time after a magnesium infusion and percent of inspired oxygen (p<0.0001). An additional model was constructed controlling for the same variables to investigate the impact of the magnesium dose on tissue oxygenation. Only doses of two or four grams of magnesium improved brain tissue oxygenation (B=8.980 and 8.500 respectively p< 0.001). In conclusion magnesium infusions are not adversely affecting tissue oxygen levels after head injury and a dose of four grams or less during actually improve oxygen levels. The public health significance of this study is that the routine use of intravenous magnesium supplementation may exacerbate tissue injury in patients with impaired blood flow to the brain. The resulting increases in the mortality and morbidity to brain injury patients would have an enormous economic and social cost.
Olanzapine in long-term treatment for bipolar disorder.

BACKGROUND Many patients with bipolar disorder require long-term treatment to prevent recurrence. Antipsychotic drugs are often used to treat acute manic episodes. It is important to clarify whether olanzapine could have a role in long-term prevention of manic and depressive relapses. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of olanzapine, as monotherapy or adjunctive treatment, in preventing manic, depressive and mixed episodes in patients with bipolar affective disorder. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Collaboration Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Controlled Trials Register (September 2006), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (September 2006), MEDLINE (1966-December 2007), EMBASE (1980-2006), CINAHL (1982-2006), PsycINFO (1872-2006) and reference lists. We also contacted experts, trialists and pharmaceutical companies in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials comparing olanzapine with placebo or other active treatment in long-term treatment of bipolar disorder. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. We contacted study authors for additional information. MAIN RESULTS Five trials (1165 participants) were included in the review. There was no statistically significant difference between olanzapine and placebo (either alone or in combination with lithium or valproate) in terms of number of participants who experienced relapse into mood episode (random effects RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.43 to 1.07, p = 0.09; 2 studies, n=460), however restricting the analysis to the trial that compared olanzapine monotherapy versus placebo, there was a statistically significant difference in favour of olanzapine (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.69, p<0.00001). No statistically significant difference was found between olanzapine and other mood stabilisers (lithium or valproate) in preventing symptomatic relapse for any mood episode, however, olanzapine was more effective than lithium in preventing symptomatic manic relapse (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.89, p = 0.01; 1 study, n=361). Olanzapine either alone or as adjunctive treatment to mood stabilisers was associated with significantly greater weight gain than placebo. By contrast, olanzapine was associated with a lower rate of manic worsening, but with a higher rate of weight increase and depression than lithium. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Though based on a limited amount of information, there is evidence that olanzapine may prevent further mood episodes in patients who have responded to olanzapine during an index manic or mixed episode and who have not previously had a satisfactory response to lithium or valproate. However, notwithstanding these positive results, the current evidence is stronger for lithium as first line maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder.