Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Earth-based radio observations of Jupiter - Millimeter to meter wavelengths

Abstract : A comprehensive review of Earth-based observations of the continuous radio emission from Jupiter in the wavelength range from 1 millimeter to 5 meters is presented. After a brief historical summary of the observations and early theories for the origin of emission, the article proceeds to give an up-to-date account of the observations including total intensity, polarization, brightness distribution, and variability measurements. An extensive table of measurements of the total flux density is included. The article presents the principal arguments demonstrating that the observed radiation arises partly from synchrotron emission by relativistic electrons trapped in Jupiter's magnetic field and partly from a thermal process in its atmosphere. The interpretation of the thermal emission component in terms of atmospheric emission is illuminated by showing weighting functions and limb darkening curves at a number of frequencies for specific model. Potential sources of microwave opacities in the Jovian atmosphere are discussed and the radiative transfer equations given.
Use of a real‐time LAMP isothermal assay for detecting 16SrII and XII phytoplasmas in fruit and weeds of the Ethiopian Rift Valley

A study to investigate the association of phytoplasmas with papaya dieback and citrus decline syndromes in Ethiopia was carried out between July 2009 and February 2010, with sampling performed in major papaya- and citrus-growing areas of the Rift Valley. Samples of plants with symptoms were collected from papaya, citrus and suspected phytoplasma weed hosts and crops in and around the papaya and citrus fields studied. Nested polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) was used for initial characterization, using primers that amplify regions of the 16S rRNA and secA genes, and results were then confirmed with rapid real-time group-specific LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal amplification) assays. The results identified the occurrence of a phytoplasma belonging to the stolbur (16SrXII-A) group in papaya plants showing dieback symptoms, whilst no phytoplasmas were found associated with citrus decline. These results contradict previous reports that a 16SrII phytoplasma was associated with both papaya dieback and citrus decline in Ethiopia, but correspond with the association of a 16SrXII phytoplasmas with Nivum-Haamir-Dieback of papaya in Israel and papaya dieback in Australia. No 16SrXII phytoplasmas were found in any of the weeds and potential alternative hosts studied, although 16SrII phytoplasmas were consistently found in Parthenium hysterophorus weed plants. These results indicate that a 16SrXII phytoplasma is associated with papaya dieback in Ethiopia, whilst the causal agent of citrus decline is not a phytoplasma and remains unidentified.
Learning Energy-Based Models as Generative ConvNets via Multi-grid Modeling and Sampling.

This paper proposes a multi-grid method for learning energy-based generative ConvNet models of images. For each grid, we learn an energy-based probabilistic model where the energy function is defined by a bottom-up convolutional neural network (ConvNet or CNN). Learning such a model requires generating synthesized examples from the model. Within each iteration of our learning algorithm, for each observed training image, we generate synthesized images at multiple grids by initializing the finite-step MCMC sampling from a minimal 1 x 1 version of the training image. The synthesized image at each subsequent grid is obtained by a finite-step MCMC initialized from the synthesized image generated at the previous coarser grid. After obtaining the synthesized examples, the parameters of the models at multiple grids are updated separately and simultaneously based on the differences between synthesized and observed examples. We show that this multi-grid method can learn realistic energy-based generative ConvNet models, and it outperforms the original contrastive divergence (CD) and persistent CD.
Base triplet stepping by the Rad51/RecA family of recombinases

Matching DNA three bases at a time The exchange of genetic information between DNA strands is vital for accurate DNA repair and effective meiotic cell division. Using single-molecule methods and molecular dynamics simulations, Lee et al. show that members of the family of recombinase enzymes responsible for these strand exchange reactions search for and recognize matching DNA strands three bases at a time. A single mismatch abolishes triplet recognition, except for the meiosis-specific recombinase. This enzyme can stabilize a partially mismatched triplet, reflecting the partial homology of the DNA substrates in meiosis. Science, this issue p. 977 DNA recombination enzymes match DNA strands three base pairs at a time, except during meiosis. DNA strand exchange plays a central role in genetic recombination across all kingdoms of life, but the physical basis for these reactions remains poorly defined. Using single-molecule imaging, we found that bacterial RecA and eukaryotic Rad51 and Dmc1 all stabilize strand exchange intermediates in precise three-nucleotide steps. Each step coincides with an energetic signature (0.3 kBT) that is conserved from bacteria to humans. Triplet recognition is strictly dependent on correct Watson-Crick pairing. Rad51, RecA, and Dmc1 can all step over mismatches, but only Dmc1 can stabilize mismatched triplets. This finding provides insight into why eukaryotes have evolved a meiosis-specific recombinase. We propose that canonical Watson-Crick base triplets serve as the fundamental unit of pairing interactions during DNA recombination.
Super-Heavy Ions Acceleration Driven by Ultrashort Laser Pulses at Ultrahigh Intensity

The acceleration of super-heavy ions (SHIs) from plasmas driven by ultrashort (tens of femtoseconds) laser pulses is a challenging topic waiting for breakthrough. The detecting and controlling of the ionization process, and the adoption of the optimal acceleration scheme are crucial for the generation of highly energetic SHIs. Here, we report the experimental results on the generation of deeply ionized super-heavy ions (Au) with unprecedented energy of 1.2 GeV utilizing ultrashort laser pulses (22 fs) at the intensity of 10^22 W/cm2. A novel self-calibrated diagnostic method was developed to acquire the absolute energy spectra and charge state distributions of Au ions abundant at the charge state of 51+ and reaching up to 61+. The measured charge state distributions supported by 2D particle-in-cell simulations serves as an additional tool to inspect the ionization dynamics associated with SHI acceleration, revealing that the laser intensity is the crucial parameter for the acceleration of Au ions over the pulse duration. The use of double-layer targets results in a prolongation of the acceleration time without sacrificing the strength of acceleration field, which is highly favorable for the generation of high-energy super heavy ions.
Effect of Fusarium culture and zearalenone on the reproductive performance of ewes

Groups of 33 Coopworth ewes were drenched with either 25mg zearalenone, Fusarium culture (containing 25mg zearalenone) or water (controls) daily for 10 days pre-mating commencing on day 7 of the cycle following oestrus synchronisation with CIDRs. Reproductive performance was markedly reduced in the ewes treated with zeamlenone or the Fusurium culture, with only 9. I% and 15.6% of ewes yielding fertilised eggs compared to 57.6% of the control ewes. Treatment reduced the number of ewes ovulating although displaying oestrus. Treated groups had 46% of ewes anovularcompared to 12Yc in the controls. The ovulation rate for those ewes ovulating was less in the treated ewes (1.55) than the controls (I .86). Treatment with zearalenone or Fusarium culture reduced the proportion of egg-yielding ewes that had fertilised eggs (27.3% and 55.5%) compared to the controls (100%). Treated ewes had a markedly longer duration of oestrus and it was evident from corpus luteum size that the oestrus-ovulation relationship had been disturbed.
Breeding-Site Specificity in the Gray Treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis)

MARK E. RITKE,1 3 JEFFREY G. BABB,1 AND MARY K. RITKE,2 'Meeman Biological Field Station and Department of Biology, Memphis State University, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, USA, and 2Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA. 3Present Address: Section of Amphibians and Reptiles, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 4400 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
Post-harvest browning syndrome and other qualities and defects in Backhousia myrtifolia

Summary Backhousia myrtifolia is a species native to Australia that shows potential as a cut flower crop. During Spring and Summer, it bears numerous small florets with prominent white sepals and glossy deep-green foliage. B. myrtifolia is harvested either when tight white buds are present in the centre of the star-shaped sepals, or following bud burst, after the petals and stamens have abscised to leave only the sepals.Wilting and brown-to-black discolouration of the flowers and foliage can markedly reduce stem quality. Several forms of discolouration were characterised over the 2004 – 2006 flowering seasons and were collectively termed ‘post-harvest browning syndrome’. Further research based on the symptomatology described herein is required to elucidate the causal agent(s).
Effects of a non-synonymous CBG gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on meat-quality traits in Berkshire pigs

Abstract: Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) is a plasma transport protein that has glucocorticoid-binding activity. In the present study, we identified CBG gene expression in several tissues of four pig breeds: Berkshire, Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire. Expression of CBG mRNA was detected in the liver of all four breeds, and was the highest in Berkshire pigs. We also found single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CBG gene from Berkshire pigs, including SNP c.919G>A, which corresponds to 307G>R. We analyzed the relationships between this CBG variant and various meat-quality traits. The SNP was significantly associated with backfat thickness, post-mortem pH24h, meat color [CIE a* (redness), CIE b* (yellowness)], water-holding capacity, fat content, moisture content, protein content, cooking loss, and shear force. However, the effects differed by gender: the values were significantly associated with almost all traits in gilts, whereas only cooking loss and shear force were shown significantly in barrows. The variant G allele was associated with decreases in backfat thickness, post-mortem pH24h, CIE a*, fat content, and cooking loss, but with increases in CIE b*, water-holding capacity, moisture content, protein content, and shear force. Because the general correlation between meat-quality traits were not validated in the present study, we suggest that certain SNP might be used in the restrictive application to distinguish meat-quality traits.
Evaluation of Ten Elite Nigerian Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) Cultivars for Somatic Embryogenesis and Regeneration Potentials

Development of an efficient regeneration system is one of the basic requirements for cassava genetic transformation. Ten elite Nigerian cassava cultivars consisting of seven improved genotypes and three local landraces were evaluated for their ability to produce somatic embryos in vitro. Responses of these cassava cultivars were compared with that of a model cultivar TMS 60444 known for its potential in somatic embryo production. Somatic embryogenesis in cassava is variety dependent probably due to its recalcitrant nature to in vitro manipulations. Production of somatic embryos in cassava is of two kinds – organized embryogenic structure (OES) and friable embryogenic callus (FEC). All the ten cassava cultivars screened produced organized embryogenic structures on DKW induction medium supplemented with 20 g/l sucrose, 8 g/l Difco noble agar and Original Research Article Nkaa et al.; JABB, 2(2): 133-144, 2015; Article no.JABB. 2015.015 134 50 μM Picloram. Friable embryogenic callus generation in cassava is usually achieved by subsequent transfer of the high quality OES formed to another induction medium Gresshoff and Doy (GD) medium supplemented with 20 g/l sucrose, 50 μM Picloram and solidified with 8 g/l Difco noble agar. Out of the ten cassava cultivars screened only four possessed the capacity for FEC production. Among the ten cassava cultivars screened for somatic embryogenesis, more than half of them had the potential for plantlet regeneration from the two types of somatic embryos.
Interrogation of telomerase structure and function with telomeric DNA

IAN K. MOON: Interrogation of Telomerase Structure and Function with Telomeric DNA (Under the direction of Michael B. Jarstfer) The studies described in this dissertation are directed toward understanding one of the components of a mechanism that cancer cells use to escape apoptosis and maintain genetic stability, resulting in cellular immortalization. Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes that are essential for safeguarding genomic stability and in regulating the lifespan of cellular replication. Telomerase is a specialized ribonucleoprotein complex that functions as a reverse transcriptase to extend the 3' end of the telomere, resulting in telomere conservation, and thus chromosomal stabilization. In greater than 85% of all cancer cells, telomerase is upregulated to rescue eroded telomeres and stabilize chromosomes, resulting in cellular immortalization. Because most somatic cells do not express detectable levels of telomerase, telomere-telomerase interactions are important in understanding cellular immortalization and aging, and developing specific anti-cancer therapeutics. Despite the great interest in telomerase, the mechanism of telomerase-catalyzed reverse transcription is not fully understood, and little is known about the structure of this intriguing enzyme. Each chapter, herein, describes novel research that investigates telomerase oligomerization and interactions between telomerase and model telomeric structures. More specifically, Chapter II focuses on the characterization and visualization of cooperative Euplotes aedicualtus telomerase dimers by gel filtration chromatography and electron microscopy.
Drug Resistance and Molecular Characteristics of Escherichia coli IsolatesAssociated with Acute Pyelonephritis

Acute pyelonephritis (APN) as one of the most severe form of UTIs may result in significant morbidity. We aim to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibilities and genetic traits of Escherichia coli isolates associated with APN. Totally, 64 APN E. coli isolates were analyzed for the antimicrobial susceptibilities, phylogenetic groups, resistance and virulence determinants, plasmid replicons, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and Multi-locus sequence types (MLST). High percentages of resistance (>65.0%) to ampicillin/sulbactam and levofloxacin were observed, imipenem and fosfomycin displayed good in vitro sensitivity (>93.0%). Most of the strains belonged to phylogenetic group D (50.6%) and B2 (21.6%), D strains were more resistant than B2 ones towards the cephalosporins tested (p0.05). Thirty-six (56.3%) blaCTX-M, 3 (4.7%) rmtB, and 13 plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes were identified. Plasmid replicon IncF (54/64, 84.4%) and virulence factors (VFs) fimH (57/64, 89.1%) was the most prevalent. PFGE and MLST displayed genetic diversity. Prevalence of ompT, fdeC, PAI, and usp were higher among B2 strains than that in D ones (P<0.05). Statistical associations between antimicrobial resistances and VFs were found. This study provides new data on the molecular epidemiology and pathogenesis of E. coli isolates associated with APN.
Micropropagation of Arbutus unedo, A. andrachne, and their natural hybrid, A. x andrachnoides from seedling explants

Summary Micropropagation of Arbutus unedo, A. andrachne, and A. x andrachnoides could facilitate their use as ornamental, forestry and medicinal plants, while the use of in vitro-grown seedlings as stock material could solve contamination and seasonality problems. Seeds germinated at high rates (87 – 99%) at 15ºC on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium after 24 – 30 d, depending on the species. Nodal explants were excised from 2-month-old seedlings grown on MS medium or on woody plant medium (WPM) salts supplemented with 100 mg l–1 myo-inositol, 1.0 mg l–1 thiamine, 0.5 mg l–1 pyridoxine, and 0.5 mg l–1 nicotinic acid, containing 1.0 mg l–1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Multiple shoots were produced from each initial culture, and from subsequent sub-cultures on MS medium or on WPM containing 2.5 or 5.0 mg l–1 zeatin (ZEA). The use of thidiazuron (TDZ) at 0.2 or 2.0 mg l–1, instead of ZEA, resulted in a reduced response and fewer shoots per explant. In addition, these TDZ-treated shoots had malformations and were very short, making them unsuitable for multiplication. The rates of multiplication on both media containing 2.5 or 5.0 mg l–1 ZEA were six- to seven-fold higher than on TDZ-containing or hormone-free media. MS medium resulted in higher rates of shoot production than WPM (4.4 – 7.8 vs. 2.2 – 5.3 shoots per explant, respectively, depending on the species and concentration of plant growth regulator) for cultures with a higher shoot proliferation potential. In contrast, WPM induced higher rooting percentages and more roots per micro-shoot (82 – 97% and 4.5 – 8.5, respectively, depending on the species and IBA concentration) compared to MS medium (42 – 64% and 3.1 – 4.1, respectively). A. x andrachnoides had a proliferation potential (4.6 shoots per explant on average on both media and ZEA concentrations) that was between the two parental species (5.9 and 3.4 shoots per explant for A. andrachne and A. unedo, respectively). Ex vitro acclimatisation and survival of plantlets in a 1:1 (v/v) mix of peat:perlite was highly successful (92 – 100%).
Lysiosquillina lisa, a new species of mantis shrimp from the Indo-West Pacific (Stomatopoda: Lysiosquillidae)

Lysiosquillina lisa sp. nov., from Indonesia is the fourth species of the genus to be recognised. This new species has frequently been observed by scuba divers at depths of 20-25 m on volcanic sands at the base of coral reefs ranging from the Andaman Sea to Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and the Philippines. Lysiosquillina lisa is readily recognised by its bright, orange-brown coloration but is also the only known member of the Lysiosquillidae bearing a 2- instead of 3-segmented mandibular palp. A key to the species of Lysiosquillina is given.
Cloning,Expression and Enzyme Characterization Analysis of Aspergillus sulphureus Xylanase Gene xynA

Objective: To analysis enzyme characterization of the xylanase produced by Aspergillus sulphureus. Methods: The xylanase gene xynA frome A.sulphureus was amplified by RT-PCR, and expressed induced with IPTG in Escherichia coli. Results: The purified enzyme was optimally active at 50℃ and pH2.4. No obvious influence on the enzyme activity was observed when it has been incubated for 30 min under 30～50℃ bath. Conclusion: The acidic activity of the purified xylanase makes this enzyme attractive for use in feed industrial application.
Identification of Polyploid Groups in the Genus Echinochloa by Isozyme Analysis.

温帯東アジアのヒエ属 (Echinochloa) 植物の形態的特徴の変異は非常に大きく, ときに分類群の同定が困難である。 そこで, 中国雲貴高原を中心とした外国産および日本産のヒエ属植物の16の分類群または型-E. obtusiflora (2倍体), E. crus-pavonis (2倍体), E. stagnina (4倍体と6倍体), タイヌビエの群 (4倍体: タイヌビエのC型とF型, 非脱粒性タイヌビエ, 栽培型タイヌビエおよび E. phyllopogon), イヌビエの群 (6倍体: イヌビエ, ヒメタイヌビエ, ヒメイヌビエ, ヒエ, リコウビエおよび E. oryzoides) およびコヒメビエの群 (6倍体: コヒメビエおよびインドビエ)-のアイソザイムの変異を分析した。 酵素6PGD, AATおよびADHにおいて, 4倍体および6倍体の種は, それぞれの倍数性に応じたバンドの重複を示した。 イヌビエの群 (6倍体) とコヒメビエの群 (6倍体) では, アイソザイムパターンは異なっていた。 タイヌビエの群 (4倍体) とイヌビエの群 (6倍体) は, 小穂の形態では識別が困難であるが, 群内のアイソザイムの多型はわずかしかみられず, アイソザイムパターンによって倍数性の異なる2群が識別できた。 数種の酵素を用いてアイソザイム分析すれば, ヒエ属植物の倍数性群が判別できるので, 分類群の同定が容易となる。
The damping of gravity waves in shallow water by energy dissipation in a turbulent boundary layer

The method of matched asymptotic expansions is applied to the determination of the damping of gravity waves propagating in turbulent conditions. The effect of the turbulence is introduced by a general system of coefficients of eddy viscosity, whilst the turbulence itself is supposed to be confined to boundary layers adjacent to a rigid impermeable bottom and the free surface. The lowest order damping in the system is found to be independent of surface turbulence and computations are made for a physically meaningful distribution of eddy viscosity in the lower boundary layer. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1968. tb00375.x
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIETARY PREFERENCES AND DIGESTIVE ENZYME COMPLEMENT OF THE SLIPPER LOBSTER THENUS ORIENTALIS (DECAPODA: SCYLLARIDAE)

ABSTRACT Digestive capabilities of the commercially important slipper lobster Thenus orientalis were determined by comparing the range and concentration of digestive enzymes produced with the preferred diet of this and other slipper lobster species. Thenus orientalis is a specialized predator of bivalve molluscs, which are located by probing and digging the substratum. The edible flesh is removed by wedging, a progressive prying the shell valves apart, using the sharp keratinized pereiopod dactyls. The range and concentration of digestive enzymes produced reflects the carnivorous diet of T. orientalis. The proteases trypsin and chymotrypsin are produced in high concentrations, the former representing a considerable proportion (up to 13%) of digestive gland protein. Detection of a-amylase and a-glucosidase indicates that T. orientalis is capable of hydrolyzing glycogen, the major storage polysaccharide in bivalve adductor muscle. These features indicate a digestive capability specialized for the hydrolysis of flesh. Significant N-acetyl β-D-glucosaminidase activity revealed an ability by T. orientalis to hydrolyze chito-oligosaccharides and suggested that it can digest chitin from crustacean exoskeletons that have been found in the diet of other scyllarids. Digestive fluid pH (5.9) is consistent with the acid pH optima of carbohydrases, verifying that they are well adapted for extracellular digestion.
RNA isolation with low toxic ammonium trichloroacetate

A method of RNA extraction with ammonium trichloroacetate (ATCA), the low toxic chaotropic agent, and the filter paper (cotton wool) for the RNA purification from ATCA-propanol-2 solution was developed. The yield and purity of total RNA isolated from plant and animal viruses, E.coli , from animal cells and plants were identical to those obtained by the conventional methods using toxic and hazardous agents such as guanidine thiocyanate, phenol, chloroform, etc. The quality of RNA was evaluated by the comparison of their optical and electrophoretic characteristics with those obtained after SDS-phenol deproteinization. Mass molecular diagnostics of virus and viroid infections was performed using home-made hand juice squeezer with changeable plastic shells and a vacuum manifold with mini column nests compatible with the immune plate. Use of low toxic ATCA is of particular importance for quality RNA isolation from all kinds of tissues and mass molecular diagnosis of the infecting pathogens (epiphytotics, epizootics, pandemics).
The enzymatic acetylation of chloramphenicol by extracts of R factor-resistant Escherichia coli.

Abstract Chloramphenicol-resistant strains of Escherichia coli which carry the episomal resistance transfer factor R inactivate the antibiotic by enzymatic acetylation. In the presence of chloramphenicol and acetyl coenzyme A, cell extracts catalyze the formation of both a monoacetyl and a diacetyl derivative of chloramphenicol. Definitive identification of the reaction products as 3-acetoxy chloramphenicol and 1,3-diacetoxy chloramphenicol was possible with the use of thin layer chromatography and ultraviolet spectroscopy. A simple spectrophotometric assay of acetylation has been devised based on the disappearance of acetyl coenzyme A. Preliminary kinetic data for the acetylation of chloramphenicol and related compounds are presented.