Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SPUR: A VLSI Multiprocessor Workstation

SPUR (Symbolic Processing Using RISCs) is a workstation for conducting parallel processing research. SPUR contains 6 to 12 high-performance homogeneous processors connected with a shared bus. The number of processors is large enough to permit parallel processing experiments, but small enough to allow packaging as a personal workstation. The restricted processor count also allows us to build powerful RISC processors, which include support for Lisp and IEEE floating-point, at reasonable cost. This paper presents a specification of SPUR and the results of some early architectural experiments. SPUR features include a large virtually-tagged cache, address translation without a translation buffer, LISP support with datatype tags but without microcode, multiple cache consistency in hardware, and an IEEE floating-point coprocessor without microcode.
New Method for Sentiment Classification for Short Text

With the rapid development of the Internet, the microblog platform, BBS, e-Commerce etc. gathered a lot of short messages/text, which contained subjective sentences. These sentences often had obvious inclination which reflected the sentiment of the author. By mining the author's sentiment, such as like, angry, indignation, averseness, etc., we can analyze people's opinion for some policy, people's preferences for some commodities. So, in this paper, we proposed a new method for sentiment classification by combination of several machine learning algorithms, which included feature extraction and ontologies. The further optimization was also given in this paper. We evalu- ated our method on several datasets and achieved good results.
The thirsty tree

Dear reader, In this story Cl oudbreak helps the thirsty tree to find some w ater. And he als o helps you to say some new t hings in English ! Now you can: • talk about the weather; • say where things are; • ask for thi ngs using “can” . There are lots o f other Helbling Young Readers : www.helblingy oungreaders.co m Hap py reading! It is summer and it is very hot. The tree on top of the hill is very thirsty. Its leaves are brown and there is no water to drink. Then the tree sees Cloudbreak, a little bird. Can Cloudbreak help the tree to find some water? c
Engagement in HIV Care among Male Fisherfolk in Uganda

Author(s): Sileo, Katelyn Mary | Advisor(s): Kiene, Susan M | Abstract: Background: Ugandan fisherfolk are a priority population for the scale up of antiretroviral treatment (ART). However, a number of multi-level factors may pose a challenge to engaging this population in HIV care. Objectives: Our specific aims include: 1) examining the prevalence of substance use, and its effect on ART adherence; 2) exploring the role of norms of masculinity on men’s engagement in HIV care; and 3) identifying individual, interpersonal, normative environment, and physical/built environment-level determinants of HIV clinic attendance and ART adherence.Methods: A cross-sectional, mixed methods study design was employed with male fisherfolk on ART in Waksio District, Uganda. This study included a quantitative structured questionnaire (N=300), and qualitative in-depth interviews (n=30). Aim 1 uses both the quantitative and qualitative data. Aim 2 uses only qualitative data. Aim 2 uses only quantitative data. Results: We identified sub-optimal engagement in HIV care among men overall. Aim 1 demonstrated alcohol’s negative effect on ART adherence, and alcohol’s greater effect on non-adherence among men taking twice daily regimens compared to once daily. Aim 2 demonstrated HIV as a threat to men’s masculinity. However, ART’s positive effects on health restored men’s ability to fulfill their masculine roles, which motivated men for continued engagement in HIV care. Aim 3 identified multi-level factors associated with missed HIV clinic visits, including those at the individual (age), interpersonal (marital status), normative (anticipated HIV stigma), and physical/built environment-levels (travel time to the clinic, structural-barriers to adherence, accessing care on a landing site). Factors associated with ART non-adherence included those at the individual (age, income) and normative levels (anticipated and enacted HIV stigma). Conclusions: These findings highlight an urgent need for strategies to improve clinic attendance and ART adherence among male fisherfolk on ART, and add to our understanding of the multi-level determinants affecting HIV care engagement among male fisherfolk. We discuss public health implications, and suggest a package of interventions that may be integrated into differentiated service delivery specific to this most-at-risk population, including brief screening and intervention for alcohol reduction, gender transformative programming, and the integration of peer support and stigma reduction into community-based platforms for ART delivery.
Advances in possibilistic clustering with application to hyperspectral image processing

Η ομαδοποίηση δεδομένων είναι μια εδραιωμένη μεθοδολογία ανάλυσης δεδομένων που έχει χρησιμοποιηθεί εκτενώς σε διάφορα πεδία εφαρμογών κατά τη διάρκεια των τελευταίων δεκαετιών. Η παρούσα διατριβή εστιάζει κυρίως στην ευρύτερη οικογένεια των αλγορίθμων βελτιστοποίησης κόστους και πιο συγκεκριμένα στους αλγόριθμους ομαδοποίησης με βάση τα ενδεχόμενα (Possibilistic c-Means, PCM). Συγκεκριμένα, αφού εκτίθενται τα αδύνατα σημεία τους, προτείνονται νέοι (batch και online) PCM αλγόριθμοι που αποτελούν επεκτάσεις των προηγουμένων και αντιμετωπίζουν τα αδύνατα σημεία των πρώτων. Οι προτεινόμενοι αλγόριθμοι ομαδοποίησης βασίζονται κυρίως στην υιοθέτηση των εννοιών (α) της προσαρμοστικότητας παραμέτρων (parameter adaptivity), οι οποίες στους κλασσικούς PCM αλγορίθμους παραμένουν σταθερές κατά την εκτέλεσή τους και (β) της αραιότητας (sparsity). Αυτά τα χαρακτηριστικά προσδίδουν νέα δυναμική στους προτεινόμενους αλγορίθμους οι οποίοι πλέον: (α) είναι (κατ' αρχήν) σε θέση να προσδιορίσουν τον πραγματικό αριθμό των φυσικών ομάδων που σχηματίζονται από τα δεδομένα, (β) είναι ικανοί να αποκαλύψουν την υποκείμενη δομή ομαδοποίησης, ακόμη και σε δύσκολες περιπτώσεις, όπου οι φυσικές ομάδες βρίσκονται κοντά η μία στην άλλη ή/και έχουν σημαντικές διαφορές στις διακυμάνσεις ή/και στις πυκνότητές τους και (γ) είναι εύρωστοι στην παρουσία θορύβου και ακραίων σημείων. Επίσης, δίνονται θεωρητικά αποτελέσματα σχετικά με τη σύγκλιση των προτεινόμενων αλγορίθμων, τα οποία βρίσκουν επίσης εφαρμογή και στους κλασσικούς PCM αλγορίθμους. Η δυναμική των προτεινόμενων αλγορίθμων αναδεικνύεται μέσω εκτεταμένων πειραμάτων, τόσο σε συνθετικά όσο και σε πραγματικά δεδομένα. Επιπλέον, οι αλγόριθμοι αυτοί έχουν εφαρμοστεί με επιτυχία στο ιδιαίτερα απαιτητικό πρόβλημα της ομαδοποίησης σε υπερφασματικές εικόνες. Τέλος, αναπτύχθηκε και μια μέθοδος επιλογής χαρακτηριστικών κατάλληλη για υπερφασματικές εικόνες.
A Geometric View of Posterior Approximation

Although Bayesian methods are robust and principled, their application in practice could be limited since they typically rely on computationally intensive Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms for their implementation. One possible solution is to find a fast approximation of posterior distribution and use it for statistical inference. For commonly used approximation methods, such as Laplace and variational free energy, the objective is mainly defined in terms of computational convenience as opposed to a true distance measure between the target and approximating distributions. In this paper, we provide a geometric view of posterior approximation based on a valid distance measure derived from ambient Fisher geometry. Our proposed framework is easily generalizable and can inspire a new class of methods for approximate Bayesian inference.
A new closed-form formula for pricing European options under a skew Brownian motion

ABSTRACT In this paper, we present a new pricing formula based on a modified Black–Scholes (B-S) model with the standard Brownian motion being replaced by a particular process constructed with a special type of skew Brownian motions. Although Corns and Satchell [2007. “Skew Brownian Motion and Pricing European Options. ” The European Journal of Finance 13 (6): 523–544] have worked on this model, the results they obtained are incorrect. In this paper, not only do we identify precisely where the errors in Although Corns and Satchell [2007. “Skew Brownian Motion and Pricing European Options”. The European Journal of Finance 13 (6): 523–544] are, we also present a new closed-form pricing formula based on a newly proposed equivalent martingale measure, called ‘endogenous risk neutral measure’, by which only endogenous risks should and can be fully hedged. The newly derived option pricing formula takes the B-S formula as a special case and it does not induce any significant additional burden in terms of numerically computing option values, compared with the effort involved in computing the B-S formula.
A quasi-isometry invariant and thickness bounds for right-angled Coxeter groups

We introduce a new quasi-isometry invariant of 2-dimensional right-angled Coxeter groups, the hypergraph index, that partitions these groups into infinitely many quasi-isometry classes, each containing infinitely many groups. Furthermore, the hypergraph index of any right-angled Coxeter group can be directly computed from the group's defining graph. The hypergraph index yields an upper bound for a right-angled Coxeter group's order of thickness, order of algebraic thickness and divergence function. Finally, given an integer n>1, we give examples of right-angled Coxeter groups which are thick of order n, yet are algebraically thick of order strictly larger than n, answering a question of Behrstock-Drutu-Mosher.
How University Students Perceive Their Native and Non-Native English Speaking Teachers

In several educational settings aiming to teach English as a foreign language, the myth of the superiority of native English speaking teachers (NESTs) over non-native English speaking teachers (NNESTs) seems to hold strong especially among students. Contrary to this, the present study, which investigated the perceptions of university students studying intensive English at an English-medium university in Turkey about NESTs and NNESTs, is a promising verification of the equality between two teacher groups in several pedagogical aspects. The data were collected by means of a 30-item questionnaire and focus group interviews. Both teacher groups were assessed with respect to four aspects: (1) in-class teaching roles, (2) in-class management roles, (3) in-class communication skills and (4) individual qualities. According to the findings, there is no significant difference between NESTs and NNESTs in terms of in-class teaching roles as well as in-class management roles. On the other hand, NESTs are perceived to be significantly better in in-class communication skills, show more favorable qualities and have more enjoyable lessons. In this context marked with the joint collaboration of NESTs and NNESTs, both groups are reported to display a sound partnership and high levels of professionalism. Keywords: Native English speaking teachers, Non-native English speaking teachers, NEST, NNEST
One species in eight Mutanen

Each holotype specimen provides the only objective link to a particular Linnean binomen. Sequence information from them is increasingly valuable due to the growing usage of DNA barcodes in taxonomy. As type specimens are often old, it may only be possible to recover fragmentary sequence information from them. We tested the efficacy of short sequences from type specimens in the resolution of a challenging taxonomic puzzle: the Elachista dispunctella complex which includes 64 described species with minuscule morphological differences. We applied a multistep procedure to resolve the taxonomy of this species complex. First, we sequenced a large number of newly collected specimens and as many holotypes as possible. Second, we used all >400 bp examine species boundaries. We employed three unsupervised methods (BIN, ABGD, GMYC) with specified criteria on how to handle discordant results and examined diagnostic bases from each delineated putative species (operational taxonomic units, OTUs). Third, we evaluated the morphological characters of each OTU. Finally, we associated short barcodes from types with the delineated OTUs. In this step, we employed various supervised methods, including distance-based, tree-based and character-based. We recovered 658 bp barcode sequences from 194 of 215 fresh specimens and recovered an average of 141 bp from 33 of 42 holotypes. We observed strong congruence among all methods and good correspondence with morphology. We demonstrate potential pitfalls with tree-, distanceand character-based approaches when associating sequences of varied length. Our results suggest that sequences as short as 56 bp can often provide valuable taxonomic information. The results support significant taxonomic oversplitting of species in the Elachista dispunctella
A NOTE ON ENVIRONMENT-DEPENDENT TIME PREFERENCES

In this paper we investigate the growth effect of environmental taxes when time preference is endogenously determined by environmental quality. We find that if people become more patient because of a cleaner environment, raising the environmental tax may reduce pollution and stimulate growth. Moreover, the Pigouvian principle may be inefficient in the presence of endogenous time preference.
Comparison of elastic vs. inelastic penstock model using OpenModelica

The possibility for modelling and simulating hydropower systems as accurately as possible take an important role in order to develop a control structure and to make efficient analysis tools for testing a designed controller for stability and performance in different operating regimes. Both the simulation time for such models as well as the accuracy are important. A high head hydropower system is considered for this study. The pipe with the main part of the height drop is known as pressure shaft or penstock, and it can be modeled with two levels of accuracy which have been compared in this studying. A simple model with one nonlinear ODE considers inelastic walls of the penstock and incompressible water. A more realistic model for large pressure variations assumes a penstock with elastic walls and compressible water column in the penstock. This more detailed model of a penstock is described with two nonlinear PDEs which have been solved using the Kurganov-Petrova scheme. Comparing results from these two models it can be concluded that the simple ODE model shows by and large the same results as the PDE model with just slightly smoothed dynamics. Obviously, the simulation time for the inelastic penstock model is considerably smaller. Both models show reasonable results and can be further used for control synthesis and analysis. In cases where the time consumption is most important, the simple ODE model for the penstock is preferred. On the other hand, for more accurate studies the elastic/compressible model for the penstock or even for other waterway units, such as conduit, is more useful. The modeling part for both cases was done in OpenModelica using our own hydropower library, where all models for different units of the hydropower system have been developed and collected.
Supplementing Barbarine ewes every two days around mating does not hamper the reproductive performance in comparison to daily supplementation

The nutritional level influences almost all aspects of the reproductive performance starting from oocyte quality to fetal quality and competence (Ferguson et al., 2003; Adamiak et al., 2005). Supplementary feeding is needed during critical physiological stages such as the mating time, late pregnancy and early lactation, particularly in prolific sheep, for which feeding strategies are different from non-prolific breeds (Lassoued et al., 2004). Working with a British breed, Rhind et al.(1989) stated that a low feed intake before mating reduces the mean ovulation rate and a low intake after mating induces a higher rate of ovum wastage. In Mediterranean regions, regular food supply is not guaranteed and small ruminants living in a semiarid environment depend for their nutrition on climatic conditions, characterized by long dry seasons. This situation often leads to supplementary feeding which is becoming a common practice during critical phases of the production cycle of sheep. It appears, however, that the reproductive response to improved plans of nutrition depends on the breed and body condition of animals (Lassoued et al., 2004). Indeed, in the highly prolific D’Man breed, higher levels of nutrition before and during mating are associated with an improved reproductive performance, similarly to that which has been reported for several sheep breeds (Lassoued et al., 2004). For the low prolific Queue fine de l’Ouest (QFO) ewes, increasing the level of nutrition by using more concentrate did not improve the ovulation rate (Rekik et al., 2007), but it substantially lowered the litter size as a result of higher reproductive wastage (Lassoued et al., 2005). In semiarid Tunisia, concentrates are very often used in large quantities to supplement animals. ■ P R O D U C TI O N S A N IM A LE S ET P R O D U IT S A N IM A U X
Single-photon experiments with liquid crystals for quantum science and quantum engineering applications

We present here our results on using liquid crystals (LCs) in experiments with nonclassical light sources: (1) single-photon sources exhibiting antibunching (separation of all photons in time), which are key components for secure quantum communication systems and (2) entangled photon source with photons exhibiting quantum interference in a Hong–Ou–Mandel interferometer. In the first part, both nematic and cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) hosts were used to create definite linear or circular polarization of antibunched photons emitted by different types of single emitters (dye molecules, nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs), nanodiamonds with color centers, etc.). If the photon has unknown polarization, filtering it through a polarizer to produce the desired polarization for quantum key distribution with bits based on polarization states of photons will reduce by half the efficiency of a quantum cryptography system. In the first part, we also provide our results on observation of a circular polarized microcavity resonance in NQD fluorescence in a 1-D chiral photonic bandgap CLC microcavity. In the second part of this paper with indistinguishable, time-entangled photons, we demonstrate our experimental results on simulating quantum mechanical barrier tunneling phenomena. A Hong–Ou–Mandel dip (quantum interference effect) is shifted when a phase change was introduced on the way of one of entangled photons in pair (one arm of the interferometer) by inserting in this arm an electrically controlled planar-aligned nematic LC layer between two prisms in the conditions close to a frustrated total internal reflection. By applying different AC-voltages to the planar-aligned nematic layer and changing its refractive index, we can obtain various conditions for incident photon propagation – from total reflection to total transmission. Measuring changes of tunneling times of photon through this structure with femtosecond resolution permitted us to answer some unresolved questions in quantum mechanical barrier tunneling phenomena.
Application of Particle Swarm Optimization in Linear Constraint Minimum Variance Beamforming Technique

Smart antenna that transmits and receives the signal as the beam form is a part of cellular system in wireless communication. One of the beamforming techniques that employ in smart antenna is the Linear Constraint Minimum Variance (LCMV) beamforming. The LCMV beamforming technique forms its radiation beam towards desired signal through its weight vector which is computed through received signal. However, weights computed by LCMV usually are not able to form the radiation beam towards the target user precisely. Hence, LCMV technique must be improved to support the system with higher quality. To solve this problem, in this paper Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is incorporated into the existing LCMV technique in order to improve the weights of LCMV, Signal to Interference Noise Ratio (SINR), throughput of system and data rate. This study presents the results from analysis of the designed model and general characteristic of that and presents a graphic analysis used to evaluate the appropriateness of the model parameters and the overall goodness-of-fit of the model. The obtained results in this study, which is the optimized output of LCMV beamforming, are simulation by comparing the output results in different scenarios.
Off-axis zone plate monochromator for high-power undulator radiation

We report the design and construction of an off-axis zone-plate monochromator for diffraction-imaging experiments at beam line 9.0. 1 at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) synchrotron-radiation facility at Berkeley USA. The device is based on an off-axis zone plate which can be conveniently inserted into or retracted from the beam. We discuss design issues such as the efficiency and spectral purity of the system and the technique for designing heat-tolerant windows for soft x-ray undulator beams. The monochromator functions successfully and good-quality diffractions patterns are being made with the beam it delivers.
Comparison of Three Exercise Modalities on Patient Reported Symptoms of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Prospective Study

Objective: The ACSM recommends healthy adults aged 18-65 participate in 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise 5 times per week. The benefits of exercise in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) is known, but the best exercise modality to accomplish this is not. This study compared the effect of three exercise modalities on patient reported symptoms of knee OA. Methods: 61 participants with radiographically evident, symptomatic bilateral OA were randomized into exercise modalities: upright cycle, land treadmill, or water treadmill. Participants completed an 8-week exercise program, progressing to achieve 30 minutes moderate exercise per session. WOMAC, KOOS, and SF-12 health surveys were completed at baseline and then weekly throughout the study. Results: All groups improved in regard to WOMAC scores. No statistically significant difference was noted between groups. Using greater than 25% improvement in WOMAC as a threshold for significant change, 80% of the water treadmill group improved vs 60% upright cycle and 62% land treadmill. Study completion rates were highest for the water treadmill group (80%) compared to the land treadmill (62%) and upright cycle (65%), although not statistically significant (p=0.33). Conclusion: An 8 week exercise program improved symptoms in participants with knee OA with no difference based on training device. Moderate aerobic exercise is beneficial for participants with knee OA.