Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Major quantitative trait loci for flowering time in lentil

Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for flowering time (FT) in lentil were located using a recombinant inbreed line population derived from an intraspecific cross of Precoz A WA8649041. Experiments for FT were conducted in 2 locations (Haymana, Turkey and Pullman, WA, USA) for 5 years (from 1998 to 2002 in both Pullman and Haymana). A linkage map was constructed using 149 markers (RAPD, AFLP, ISSR, SSR, and 2 morphological markers) located on 11 linkage groups (LGs). Analysis of variance of FT was found to be significant for all locations and years. One major QTL for FT was identified on LG6 across all environments, indicating the stability of the QTL. The LOD scores for FT varied between 3.25 and 13.64 among the environments. The markers UBC318_2, SSR212_1, UBC220, M09a, and M09 on the QTL region were statistically significant in all environments. The SSR212_1 marker itself explained 57% of total genotypic variation according to the average of all environments, indicating the potential use of these markers in marker-assisted selection studies.
IL-33 delays metastatic peritoneal cancer progression inducing an allergic microenvironment

ABSTRACT Ovarian cancer is frequently diagnosed as peritoneal carcinomatosis. Unlike other tumor locations, the peritoneal cavity is commonly exposed to gut-breaching and ascending genital microorganisms and has a unique immune environment. IL-33 is a local cytokine that can activate innate and adaptive immunity. We studied the effectiveness of local IL-33 delivery in the treatment of cancer that has metastasized to the peritoneal cavity. Direct peritoneal administration of IL-33 delayed the progression of metastatic peritoneal cancer. Prolongation in survival was not associated with a direct effect of IL-33 on tumor cells, but with major changes in the immune microenvironment of the tumor. IL-33 promoted a significant increase in the leukocyte compartment of the tumor immunoenvironment and an allergic cytokine profile. We observed a substantial increase in the number of activated CD4+ T-cells accompanied by peritoneal eosinophil infiltration, B-cell activation and activation of peritoneal macrophages which displayed tumoricidal capacity. Depletion of CD4+ cells, eosinophils or macrophages reduced the anti-tumor effects of IL-33 but none of these alone were sufficient to completely abrogate its positive benefit. In conclusion, local administration of IL-33 generates an allergic tumor environment resulting in a novel approach for treatment of metastatic peritoneal malignancies, such as advanced ovarian cancer.
Crash Testing and Analysis of Work-Zone Sign Supports

A variety of traffic-controlling devices are used in work zones; some of these are not normally found on the roadside or in the traveled way outside of the work zones. These devices are used to enhance the safety of the work zones by controlling the traffic through these areas. Because of the placement of the traffic control devices, the devices themselves may be potentially hazardous to both workers and errant vehicles. The impact performance of many work-zone traffic control devices is mainly unknown, and to date limited crash testing has been conducted under the criteria of NCHRP Report 350: Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features. The results of full-scale crash testing of flexible panel work-zone sign stands were evaluated and analyzed to quantify the features that successful devices shared, as well as common features of those devices that failed salient safety criteria. Parameters considered included sign base and upright properties, sign height, cross-member properties, and ancillary details. Results pointed to three problematic, fundamental design issues: (a) combinations of base and upright stiffness and strength that generally lead to significant windshield damage, (b) cross members that lead to windshield damage in the end-on (90°) impact orientation, and (c) appurtenances that have an impact on performance. Although there are a significant number of variables that control the performance of a given device, these generalizations offer a basis for the evaluation of the fundamental design elements.
Nonlinear integrator backstepping for traffic flow speed control of automated freeway system

In an automated freeway system environment, computers replace artificial driving and control vehicles accompany movement, which can greatly reduce randomness. In this paper, we propose a traffic flow speed controller with lower complexity which can send speed commands to regulate the speeds of vehicles in each section of a freeway. On the basis of the theory of nonlinear integrator backstepping, the controller can guarantee exponential convergence of the traffic flow speed at each section to the desired speed. Compared with former method, thess establishment of this controller need not solve inverse matrix, and therefore, reduces algorithm's complexity, improves the algorithm efficiency and automatically satisfies the controllability condition. Simulations show that this controller can effectively reduce congestion and helps to achieve a smooth traffic flow on a congested freeway.
The co-evolution of innovation networks: Collaboration between West and East Germany from 1972 to 2014

This paper describes the co-evolution of East and West German innovation networks after the German reunification in 1990 by analyzing publication data from 1972 to 2014. This study uses the following four benchmark models to interpret and classify German innovation networks: the random graph model, the small-world model, the Barabasi-Albert model, and the evolutionary model. By comparing the network characteristics of empirical networks with the characteristics of these four benchmark models, we can increase our understanding of the particularities of German innovation networks, such as development over time as well as structural changes (i.e., new nodes or increasing/decreasing network density). We first confirm that a structural change in East-West networks occurred in the early 2000s in terms of the number of link between the two. Second, we show that regions with few collaborators dominated the properties of German innovation networks. Lastly, the change in network cliquishness, which reflects the tendency to build cohesive subgroups, and path length, which is a strong indicator of the speed of knowledge transfer in a network, compared with the four benchmark models show that East and West German regions tended to connect to new regions located in their surroundings, instead of entering distant regions. Our findings support the German federal government's continuous efforts to build networks between East and West German regions.
An improved ?-PSO algorithm with mutation

In our previous work, a new PSO algorithm called θPSO based on phase angle was put forward, which has better optimization performance than standard PSO algorithm when dealing with some simple benchmark functions. But this algorithm may easily stick in the local minima when handling some complex or multimode functions. In this paper, an improved θ-PSO with mutation operator is studied. And this improved algorithm has better optimization performance when solving some complex benchmark functions. Benchmark testing shows that this improved θ-PSO algorithm can overcome the local minima and achieve the goal of global minimum in limited iterations.
Experiences in Boreal Forest Stem Volume Estimation from Multitemporal C-Band InSAR

During the last two decades synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) have become important tools for airborne and satellite remote sensing. SAR delivers a high resolution image of the radar backscatter and by means of InSAR a second image from almost the same orbit is combined with the first one to provide the relative phase difference and stability/coherence of the backscattered signal. Principles of InSAR can be found in various review articles (Bamler and Hartl, 1998; Massonnet and Feigl, 1998; Rott, 2009). This presentation will focus on the use of InSAR observations for investigation of forest stem volume or above ground biomass.
A Improved Network Risk Assessment Model Based on HMM

In HMM risk assessment of network, relationship between the nodes is the key part to compute the state transition matrix. The change of IDS alarm level has property of randomness. To calculate the value of the IDS alarm as the input of HMM is based on the Bayesian algorithm model. Using HMM model, probability of attack successful is computed when length of attack sequence is varied. The experimental evidences show new method is veracity and validity. Keywords-HMM model; relationship of nodes; bayesian algorithm
Fault slip distribution and fault roughness

SUMMARY We present analysis of the spatial correlations of seismological slip maps and fault topography roughness, illuminating their identical self-affine exponent. Though the complexity of the coseismic spatial slip distribution can be intuitively associated with geometrical or stress heterogeneities along the fault surface, this has never been demonstrated. Based on new measurements of fault surface topography and on statistical analyses of kinematic inversions of slip maps, we propose a model, which quantitatively characterizes the link between slip distribution and fault surface roughness. Our approach can be divided into two complementary steps: (i) Using a numerical computation, we estimate the influence of fault roughness on the frictional strength (pre-stress). We model a fault as a rough interface where elastic asperities are squeezed. The Hurst exponent Hτ, characterizing the self-affinity of the frictional strength field, approaches Hτ = H// −1, where H// is the roughness exponent of the fault surface in the direction of slip. (ii) Using a quasi-static model of fault propagation, which includes the effect of long-range elastic interactions and spatial correlations in the frictional strength, the spatial slip correlation is observed to scale as Hs = Hτ + 1, where Hs represents the Hurst exponent of the slip distribution. Under the assumption that the origin of the spatial fluctuations in frictional strength along faults is the elastic squeeze of fault asperities, we show that self-affine geometrical properties of fault surface roughness control slip correlations and that Hs = H//. Given that H// = 0.6 for a wide range of faults (various accumulated displacement, host rock and slip movement), we predict that Hs = 0.6. Even if our quasi-static fault model is more relevant for creeping faults, the spatial slip correlations observed are consistent with those of seismological slip maps. A consequence is that the self-affinity property of slip roughness may be explained by fault geometry without considering dynamical effects produced during an earthquake.
Goals and Strategies of Peasants in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia

Multidisciplinary research methods such as observatory, participatory and multivariate regression analysis were employed to examine goals and strategies of two peasant communities in the Central highlands of Ethiopia. Continuing the family tradition of participating in social networks is found to be a universal normative goal of most study farmers. Securing subsistence food requirements and goals that may be used to characterise higher level of standard of living were ranked next to the normative goal. Five major goals were examined in relation to the normative goal. Furthermore, strategies identified by households were grouped into opportunistic, risk-minimization and long-range planning. Statistical analysis of relationship between the five goals and strategies indicate that i) most strategies are relatively important in attaining goals selected for statistical analysis, ii) strategies which are proven to be useful from prior experience of other producers prior to this study tend to have a stronger relationship with the current goals of decision-makers (e.g. pesticides and fertilizer ), iii) the ranking of goals and strategies recognize region, enterprise and experience-specific comparative advantages of peasants, and iv) producers rank strategies hierarchically and goals ranked high in the hierarchy are valued high on subsequent goals (e.g. securing subsistence on livestock husbandry). Development projects could successfully increase the attainment of securing food self-sufficiency if they properly identify comparative advantages of farmers and regions, and examine the compatibility of intervention strategies with the goals and strategies of peasants.
INTERTIDAL INVERTEBRATES OF SCATARIE ISLAND: A PRELIMINARY SPECIES INVENTORY AND HABITAT DESCRIPTION

As intertidal habitats of offshore islands remain relatively undocumented compared with their mainland counterparts, we conducted a survey of intertidal habitats on Scatarie Island, Nova Scotia. Two sites at Northwest Cove on the western side of the island and two sites at Eastern Harbour on the eastern side were classified in terms of their backshore and substrate characteristics. Infauna were collected within quadrates at each site and identified to species when possible. Additional visual searches of the wrack line, intertidal and subtidal zones were conducted to supplement the species inventory. Our survey represents a starting point for the characterization of intertidal habitats and inventory of intertidal fauna within this Protected Wilderness Area. Twenty-two species of marine invertebrates, including sponges, molluscs, echinoderms, arthropods and bryozoans, were identified. The majority of these were collected on the eastern side of the island within a relatively well protected area characterized by rock pools. Sites examined on the western side of the island had lower faunal diversity and less accumulated macroalgae. Differences in the subtidal depth, slope, dominant substrate type and exposure may offer a partial explanation for this finding. Les habitats intertidaux des iles du large demeurent relativement peu documentes comparativement a ceux du continent. C’est pourquoi nous avons mene une etude des habitats intertidaux de l’ile Scatarie, en Nouvelle‑Ecosse. Nous avons classe deux sites de l’anse Northwest, dans la partie ouest de l’ile, et deux sites de la baie Eastern, dans la partie est, en fonction des caracteristiques de leur arriere‑cote et de leur substrat. Nous avons quadrille chaque site et recueilli, dans les carres ainsi delimites, des organismes benthiques que nous avons classes par especes dans la mesure du possible. D’autres recherches visuelles dans les cordons de goemon et les zones intertidale et infralittorale ont ete effectuees pour enrichir l’inventaire des especes. Notre etude constitue un point de depart pour la caracterisation des habitats intertidaux et l’elaboration d’un inventaire de la faune intertidale dans cette region sauvage protegee. Vingt‑deux especes d’invertebres marins, dont des eponges, des mollusques, des echinodermes, des arthropodes et des bryozoaires, ont ete identifiees. La majorite de ces especes ont ete recueillies dans la partie est de l’ile, dans un secteur relativement bien protege caracterise par des bassins rocheux. Dans les sites etudies du cote ouest de l’ile, la diversite faunique et les accumulations de macroalgues etaient moindres, ce qui peut s’expliquer partiellement par les differences dans les profondeurs infralittorales, dans la pente, dans le type dominant de substrat et dans l’exposition aux elements.
Relationships between electron density, height and sub-peak ionospheric thickness in the night equatorial ionosphere

Abstract. The development and decay of the southern equatorial anomaly night-time peak in electron density as seen at a number of ionosonde reflection points extending from New Guinea and Indonesia into northern Australia was examined in terms of the characteristic rise and fall in height associated with the sunset ionisation-drift vortex at the magnetic equator. The observations relate to measurements made in November 1997. Following sunset, the ionospheric profile was observed to narrow as the maximum electron density increased during a fall in height that took the peak of the layer at Vanimo and Sumedang down to some 240 km. The fall was followed by a strong rise in which the electron density sub-peak profile expanded from a slab width (as given by POLAN) of 20 km to over 100km with no corresponding change in peak electron density. The post-sunset equatorial fall in height and associated changes in profile density and thickness continued to be seen with diminishing amplitude and increasing local time delay in moving from the anomaly peak at Vanimo to the southernmost site of observation at Townsville. Secondary events on a lesser scale sometimes occurred later in the night and may provide evidence of the multiple vortices suggested by Kudeki and Bhattacharyya (1999). Doppler measurements of vertical velocity as seen at Sumedang in Java are compared with the observed changes in electron density profile in the post-sunset period. The normal post-sunset variation in ionospheric parameters was disrupted on the night of 7 November, the night before a negative ionospheric storm was observed.
ASSESSING INDONESIA-CHILE BILATERAL TRADE OPPORTUNITIES: A REVEALED COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE APPROACH

Abstract This paper analyzes the Indonesia-Chile bilateral trade opportunities based on their respective export competitiveness uses the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index for 2012. It finds that in general Indonesian exports to Chile are based on its comparative advantage, but the current exports still do not reflect its potential as most of the top ten Indonesian commodities with the strongest comparative advantage still do not able to penetrate the Chilean market. Meanwhile, the majority of the top-ten Chilean exports to Indonesia are based on its comparative advantage. Thus, both nations can still enhance bilateral trade relations particularly concerning with boosting trade relations based on their comparative advantage. Keywords: Comparative Advantage, Export Competitiveness, Bilateral Trade JEL classification numbers: F14, F15, F17 Abstrak Makalah ini menganalisis peluang perdagangan bilateral Indonesia-Chile berdasarkan daya saing ekspor masing-masing negara menggunakan index Revealed Comparative Advantage untuk 2012. Paper ini menemukan bahwa, secara umum, ekspor Indonesia ke Chile didasarkan pada keunggulan komparatif, tetapi ekspor saat ini masih belum mencerminkan semua potensi ekspornya karena kebanyakan dari sepuluh komoditas Indonesia dengan keunggulan komparatif terkuat masih belum mampu menembus pasar Chili. Sementara itu, sebagian besar dari sepuluh-besar ekspor Chili ke Indonesia telah didasarkan pada keunggulan komparatif. Dengan demikian, kedua negara masih bisa meningkatkan hubungan perdagangan bilateral terutama terkait dengan upaya perdagangan berdasarkan keunggulan komparatif masing-masing negara. Keywords: Keunggulan komparatif, daya saing ekspor, perdagangan bilateral JEL classification numbers: F14, F15, F17
Multiple Metamorphic Stages within an Eclogite-faciesTerrane ( Sesia Zone , Western Alps ) Revealed byTh

Convergent plate margins typically experience a transition from subduction to collision dynamics as massive continental blocks enter the subduction channel. Studies of high-pressure rocks indicate that tectonic fragments are rapidly exhumed from eclogite facies to midcrustal levels, but the details of such dynamics are controversial.To understand the dynamics of a subduction channel we report the results of a petrochronological study from the central Sesia Zone, a key element of the internal Western Alps.This comprises two polymetamorphic basement complexes (Eclogitic Micaschist Complex and Gneiss Minuti Complex) and a thin, dismembered cover sequence (Scalaro Unit) associated with pre-Alpine metagabbros and metasediments (Bonze Unit). Structurally controlled samples from three of these units (Eclogitic Micaschist Complex and Scalaro^Bonze Units) yield unequivocal petrological and geochronological evidence of two distinct high-pressure stages. Ages (U^Th^Pb) of growth zones in accessory allanite and zircon, combined with inclusion and textural relationships, can be tied to the multi-stage evolution of single samples. Two independent tectono-metamorphic ‘slices’ showing a coherent metamorphic evolution during a given time interval have been recognized: the Fondo slice (which includes Scalaro and Bonze rocks) and the Druer slice (belonging to the Eclogitic Micaschist Complex). The new data indicate separate stages of deformation at eclogite-facies conditions for each recognized independent kilometer-sized tectono-metamorphic slice, between 85 and 60 Ma, with evidence of intermittent decompression ( P 0·5 GPa) within only the Fondo slice. The evolution path of the Druer slice indicates a different P^T^time evolution with prolonged eclogitefacies metamorphism between 85 and 75 Ma. Our approach, combining structural, petrological and geochronological techniques, yields field-based constraints on the duration and rates of dynamics within a subduction channel.
Rumer: A programming language and modular verification technique based on relationships

The idea of asserting a program’s correctness by a mathematical proof rather than exhaustive testing has persisted in software system development. The notion of an invariant to capture the constant properties of data plays a central role in such program verification attempts. Invariants have also infiltrated object-oriented programming languages and have become a foundation for verifying object-oriented programs. Current invariant-based, object-oriented verification techniques provide modular verification of single-object invariants. However, as soon as an invariant relates several objects, modular reasoning about the invariant is not possible without imposing certain restrictions on the program. Current solutions to the verification of such multi-objects invariants either restrict aliasing in a program or expand the visibility of an invariant beyond the boundary of the declaring class. This thesis represents a two-part approach to program verification based on invariants. We develop a programming language, Rumer, that provides higher-level abstractions to capture not only objects but also the relationships between them. In addition, we elaborate a visible-state verification technique for Rumer that facilitates the modular verification of Rumer programs. The Rumer programming language employs the abstraction of a relationship as a key architectural element in building a software system. Rather than employing references in objects to represent the relationships between objects, those relationships are represented explicitly by a relationship instance. This indirection gives rise to a stratified programming model. Based on this model, we formulate the Matryoshka Principle, a modularization discipline that provides strong encapsulation for Rumer types. The verification technique is based on the Matryoshka Principle and leverages the particular features of the Rumer programming and specification language. The Matryoshka Principle provides modular reasoning about state changes and permits the adoption of a visible-state semantics for invariants. The Rumer programming and specification language encompasses techniques to encapsulate multi-object invariants in relationships and includes a rich assertion language that is based on discrete mathematics.