Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Oral Fluid and Urine for Detection of Cocaine Abuse Using Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

BACKGROUND Requests for urine (UR) and oral fluid (OF) drug testing at our institutions are increasing. However, few studies have assessed the accuracy of each matrix using paired specimens and LC-MS/MS. We compared OF and UR for detection of cocaine (COC) abuse in addiction medicine-psychiatry (AMP) clinics. METHODS We measured COC and benzoylecgonine (BZE) in OF (limit of detection (LOD) 2.0 µg/L) and BZE in UR (LOD 5 µg/L) by LC-MS/MS in 258 paired samples, and compared the two matrices when higher UR cutoffs of 25, 50, and 150 µg/L were employed. RESULTS UR detected more COC abuse than OF at the LOD (5 µg/L). BZE was detected in 63 UR specimens and COC and/or BZE in 40 OF specimens (29 OF+UR+, 11 OF+UR-, 34 OF-UR+). UR creatinine was lower in OF+UR- specimens. COC and BZE were detected in 88% (35/40) and 75% (30/40) of OF specimens, respectively. OF was equivalent to UR at detecting COC abuse using a 25 µg/L cutoff, and detected more COC abuse than UR using 50 and 150 µg/L cutoffs. The ratio of OF COC/BZE increased with decreasing UR BZE concentrations. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that OF detects more COC abuse in an AMP setting when UR BZE cutoffs ≥ 50 µg/L are utilized, and that UR creatinine concentrations are significantly lower in specimens positive for COC and/or BZE in OF and negative for BZE in UR. The presence of only COC in OF and low concentrations of UR BZE likely indicates remote use of COC.
Exploiting Commutativity Condition for CP Decomposition Via Approximate Simultaneous Diagonalization

In this paper, we propose a novel strategy which utilizes an inherent algebraic property of simultaneously diagonalizable matrix tuples, i.e., commutativity, for both (i) reducing approximate CP decomposition of a higher-order tensor to Approximate Simultaneous Diagonalization (ASD) and (ii) solving the ASD. By using a commutativity criterion, we design a matrix tuple with matrix slices of a given tensor. Then, for the ASD of the designed tuple, we use the Approximate-Then-Diagonalize-Simultaneously (ATDS) algorithm which utilizes commutativity to solve ASD. Numerical experiments show that the proposed strategy achieves better performance than conventional ones particularly when matrices to be estimated has almost collinear columns.
Partial Bicasting with Buffering for Proxy Mobile IPV6 Mobility Management in CoAP-Based IoT Networks

Constrained application protocol (CoAP) can be used for message delivery in wireless sensor networks. Although CoAP-based proxy mobile internet protocol (PMIP) was proposed for mobility management, it resulted in handover delay and packet loss. Therefore, an enhanced PMIP version 6, with partial bicasting in CoAP-based internet of things (IoT) networks, is proposed. Here, when an IoT device moved into a new network, the corresponding mobile access gateway (MAG) updated the local mobility anchor (LMA) binding. Further, LMA initiated the “partial” bicasting of data packets to the new and the previous MAGs. The data packets were buffered at the new MAG during handover and were forwarded to Mobile Node (MN) after the handover operations. The proposed scheme was compared with the existing scheme, using ns-3 simulations. We demonstrated that the proposed scheme reduced handover delays, packet losses, end-to-end delay, throughput, and energy consumption, compared to the existing scheme.
Neural Network Wiretap Code Design for Multi-Mode Fiber Optical Channels

The design of reliable and secure codes with finite block length is an important requirement for industrial machine type communications. In this work, we develop an autoencoder for the multi-mode fiber wiretap channel taking into account the error performance at the legitimate receiver and the information leakage at potential eavesdroppers. The estimate of the mutual information leakage includes AWGN and fading channels. The code design is tailored to the specific channel setup where the eavesdropper experiences a mode dependent loss. Numerical simulations illustrate the performance and show a Pareto improvement of the proposed scheme compared to the state-of-the-art polar wiretap codes.
Farmland Investment Characteristics from a Forward-Looking Perspective: An Explanation for the “High Return/Low Risk” Paradox

Land values and cash rents are slow to adjust, and therefore the returns from owning farmland may be time varying and serially correlated. This article investigates a farmland portfolio’s nominal and real returns from a forward-looking perspective, taking into account time-varying return and serial correlation. The results indicate that the attractive average return level observed historically can be attained only over a long investment period. The risk involved in the long investment period, however, is also substantial. As a result, in mixed-asset investment portfolios, the allocations to farmland are much lower than traditional mean-variance optimization implies. (JEL Q15)
Molecular identification of Eimeria species of broiler chickens in Turkey.

Bu calismada tavuklarda coccidiosise neden olan 7 Eimeria turunun Turkiye’deki varligi arastirilmistir. Calisma materyali olan altlik ve diski ornekleri, Eylul 2006-Eylul 2007 tarihleri arasinda, broiler yetistiriciligi yapilan 817 ciftlikteki toplam 1110 kumesten toplandi. Incelenen orneklerin 624 (%56.2)’unde Eimeria oocystleri saptandi. Genomik rDNA’nin internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) bolgesini hedefleyen klasik ve nested PCR yontemleri 7 Eimeria turu icin uygulandi. Klasik PCR yontemi ile E. maxima, E. tenella, E. acervuline ve E. praecox turleri saptanirken E. mitis ve E. brunetti ancak nested PCR yontemi ile belirlendi. Morfolojik ve morfometrik incelemelerde E. necatrix’e benzeyen oocystler gozlenmis olmasina ragmen, her iki PCR yonteminde de bu etken belirlenmedi. PCR yontemi ile belirlenen 6 Eimeria turune ait nukleotid dizi bilgileri HQ680469-HQ680474 numaralari ile Genbank veri tabanina kaydedildi
Nutrient Intake and Utilization in Jalauni Lambs Fed Azolla Meal Supplemented Diet

Part of the Plant Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons This document is available at https://uknowledge.uky. edu/igc/23/2-1-1/17 The 23rd International Grassland Congress (Sustainable use of Grassland Resources for Forage Production, Biodiversity and Environmental Protection) took place in New Delhi, India from November 20 through November 24, 2015. Proceedings Editors: M. M. Roy, D. R. Malaviya, V. K. Yadav, Tejveer Singh, R. P. Sah, D. Vijay, and A. Radhakrishna Published by Range Management Society of India
An Optimized DTW Algorithm Using the RMSE Approach to Classify the Liquids in Ka-Band

ABSTRACT In this paper, a new optimized algorithm is presented to classify the liquids with high-level accuracy using raw data which show the transmission parameter of liquids. The free space measurement method, one of the microwave spectroscopy methods, has been chosen to collect the parameter for use in detecting illegal and explosive liquids. The aim is to classify the liquids that the passenger can choose with his/her plane journey. To classify and identify these liquids, instead of a multivariate data analysis method, a simpler dynamic time warping algorithm method is proposed. It is advantageous to intervene in this algorithm to perform the classification process better. It will be able to determine the most contradictory similarities among the signals collected from liquids and perform the best classification process. Thanks to this feature, it is expected to give better results than the algorithms proposed earlier. Because, it is thought that the liquids can be classified by the parameter which has unique properties of liquids. Furthermore, this algorithm will allow an intermediate group of suspicious liquids to be detected in another group. The performance of the proposed model is discussed in terms of its potential for reducing the classification problem and composing a database which can be used to identify the un/known materials easily.
Gated Attentive Convolutional Network Dialogue State Tracker

In task-oriented dialogue systems, dialogue state tracking (DST) is an essential part which aims to estimate user goal at every turn 1 of the dialogue. At each turn, DST aims to estimate user goals by current user utterance and last system action. However, most current approaches encode these relevant sequences by recurrent networks, which is a challenge for these models to capture long-range dependencies. Besides predicting the current dialogue state is relevant to historical context and sometimes refers to the past utterances. In this paper, we propose the Gated Attentive Convolutional network Dialogue State Tracker (GAC) which overcomes these challenges by utilizing the gated attentive convolutional encoder and introducing historical information. We apply a gated attentive convolutional network encoder to learn the sequence representation and introduce historical dialogue utterances as evidence to track the user goal. Experiments show that our method improves joint goal accuracy on WoZ 2.0[1] and MultiWoZ 2.0[2] datasets respectively outperforms the previous state-of-the-art GLAD [3] and Trade [4] model 1.
Finite‐Frequency Sensitivity Kernels for Seismic Noise Interferometry Based on Differential Time Measurements

Full waveform adjoint tomography has achieved great success in applications from global Earth structure using earthquakes to exploration seismology using active sources. When combined with ambient seismic noise data, however, the ambient noise cross correlations are subject to strong variability and bias due to nonstationary and unevenly distributed noise sources. As a result, the shape of the structure sensitivity kernel can deviate significantly from the classic banana‐doughnut kernel of a point source, which has been used in previous studies as an inference from empirical Green's function and contains bias. In this study I calculate the sensitivity kernel for ambient noise cross correlation by introducing an additional station to the classic two‐station setting. I compute sensitivity kernels for differential traveltime measurements. These differential sensitivity kernels show promise for canceling the overlapping part of the original source and structure kernels for pairs of stations in interferometry, thus significantly reducing the effect of nonisotropically distributed and nonstationary noise sources. I apply the ambient noise differential sensitivity kernel to synthetic data examples based on 2‐D membrane waves, though the approach will apply for 3‐D as well. Our results for multiple station pairs show promise for velocity tomography based on seismic noise interferometry when perfect information on noise source distribution is not available.
Push–Pull Class $\Phi _{\text{2}}$ RF Power Amplifier

The Class <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Phi _\text{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>/EF<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\text{2}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> amplifier is an attractive topology for high-voltage and high-frequency power conversion because of the high efficiency, reduced device voltage stress, simplicity of gate driving, and load-independent ZVS operation. Due to many degrees of freedom for tuning, previous studies can only solve the single-ended <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Phi _\text{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> circuit using numerical methods. This work focuses on improving the design and operating characteristics of a push–pull <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Phi _\text{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> amplifier with a <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T$</tex-math></inline-formula> network connected between the switch nodes, or a PPT <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Phi _\text{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> amplifier. The PPT <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Phi _\text{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> amplifier has less circulating energy and achieves higher cutoff frequency <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{T}$</tex-math></inline-formula> than other <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Phi _\text{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>/EF<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> circuits. We, then, present a series-stacked input configuration to reduce the switch voltage stress and improve the efficiency and power density. A compact 6.78-MHz, 100-V, 300-W prototype converter is demonstrated that uses low-cost Si devices and achieves 96% peak total efficiency and maintains above 94.5% drain efficiency across a wide range of voltage and power. Together with the advances in wide-bandgap semiconductors and magnetic materials, the PPT <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Phi _\text{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> circuit opens more possibilities for the state-of-the-art performance of solid-state RF amplifiers in high-frequency, high-power applications, including wireless charging for electric vehicles, plasma RF drives, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Prevention of Hypocritical Behavior and Its Perspective in Islamic Education

Hypocritical behavior needs to be watched out for because it is symptomatic in the community, especially now with access to global relationships without any boundaries of place and time where it is associated through social media, people who are infected with this disease are very difficult to guess, can only be known with certain signs namely: lying, treasonous, broken promises, riya , like to slander and spread lies. The purpose of this study is to explore broadly regarding with detail concept of hypocricy from several vital point of views i.e. from Al-Qur’an, Hadith, and Islamic interpreters. Furthermore, it is also highly urgent to avoid ourselves and teenagers from being a hypocrite. Hence, recognizing signs and characteristics of hypocrites is also crucial in order for us to be more alert toward this issue. Many studies about hypocricy have been conducted by many researchers in various condition including education, politics, and so fort. In this study, hypocracy is also discussed from Islamic education perspective.
Hypertemporal Imaging Capability of UAS Improves Photogrammetric Tree Canopy Models

Small uncrewed aerial systems (UASs) generate imagery that can provide detailed information regarding condition and change if the products are reproducible through time. Densified point clouds form the basic information for digital surface models and orthorectified mosaics, so variable dense point reconstruction will introduce uncertainty. Eucalyptus trees typically have sparse and discontinuous canopies with pendulous leaves that present a difficult target for photogrammetry software. We examine how spectral band, season, solar azimuth, elevation, and some processing settings impact completeness and reproducibility of dense point clouds for shrub swamp and Eucalyptus forest canopy. At the study site near solar noon, selecting near infrared camera increased projected tree canopy fourfold, and dense point features more than 2 m above ground were increased sixfold compared to red spectral bands. Near infrared (NIR) imagery improved projected and total dense features two- and threefold, respectively, compared to default green band imagery. The lowest solar elevation captured (25°) consistently improved canopy feature reconstruction in all spectral bands. Although low solar elevations are typically avoided for radiometric reasons, we demonstrate that these conditions improve the detection and reconstruction of complex tree canopy features in natural Eucalyptus forests. Combining imagery sets captured at different solar elevations improved the reproducibility of dense point clouds between seasons. Total dense point cloud features reconstructed were increased by almost 10 million points (20%) when imagery used was NIR combining solar noon and low solar elevation imagery. It is possible to use agricultural multispectral camera rigs to reconstruct Eucalyptus tree canopy and shrub swamp by combining imagery and selecting appropriate spectral bands for processing.
Experimental shifts in exotic flowering phenology produce strong indirect effects on native plant reproductive success

By causing phenological shifts that vary among species, climate change is altering time envelopes for species interactions, often with unexpected demographic consequences. Indirect interactions, like apparent competition and apparent facilitation, are especially likely to change in duration because they involve multiple interactors, increasing the likelihood of asynchronous phenological shifts by at least one interactor. Thus, we might observe ecological surprises if intermediaries of indirectly interacting species change their mediating behaviour. We explored this possibility in a plant–pollinator community that is likely to experience asynchronous phenological shifts. We advanced and delayed the flowering phenology of two ubiquitous exotic plants of western Washington prairies, Hypochaeris radicata and Cytisus scoparius, relative to seven native perennial forb species whose phenologies remained unmanipulated. These species interact indirectly through shared pollinators, whose foraging behaviour influences plant reproductive success. We quantified impacts of experimental phenological shifts on seedset, pollinator visitation rates and visiting pollinator composition relative to an unmanipulated control. We first verified that unmanipulated indirect interactions between native and exotic plants were strong, ranging from facilitative to competitive. Seedset of native plants was strongly affected by changes in exotic flowering phenology, but the magnitude and direction of effects were not predicted by the nature of the original indirect interaction (facilitative vs. neutral vs. competitive) or the change in interaction duration. The relationship between pollinator visitation and seedset changed for most species, though changes in pollinator visitation rate and pollinator composition were not as widespread as effects on native seedset. Synthesis. Changes in pollinator foraging behaviour in response to changes in available floral resources are probably responsible for the unexpected effects we observed. Asynchronous phenological shifts have the potential to produce large and unexpected effects on reproductive success via indirect interactions.
Inhibitory effects of Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm. on liver glutathione S-transferase activity

Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm. yaygin olarak bal mantari olarak bilinen yenilebilir bir mantardir ve antioksidan, antitumor, noroprotektif ve insulin direncini azaltici etkileri iyi karakterize edilmistir. Glutatyon S-transferazlar (GST), detoksifikasyon enzimlerinin bir grubudur ve glutatyonu cesitli elektrofillere konjuge etme fonksiyonuna sahiptir. Bu islem onlari atilim icin suda daha fazla cozunur hale getirir. GST enzimlerinin baskilanmasi veya aktive edilmesinin toksikolojik veya klinik etkileri olabilir. Bu calisma A. mellea'nin GST'ler uzerindeki baskilayici etkilerini arastirmak icin yapilmistir. Toplam GST aktiviteleri, spektrofotometrik olarak glutatyon ve 1 kloro-2,4-dinitrobenzen substratlari kullanilarak olculmus, Vmax ve Km degerlerini belirlemek icin enzim kinetigi calismalari yapilmistir. Ek olarak, A. mellea'nin sulu ve metanolik ozutleri, kinetik parametreleri nasil module ettiklerini degerlendirmek icin test edilmistir. Karaciger GST enzimi icin Vmax 443,90 ± 11,52 U/mg, GSH ve CDNB icin Km degerleri sirasiyla 4,88 ± 0,53 mM ve 10,43 ± 1,07 mM olarak belirlenmistir. A. mellea ekstreleri ile Vmax'daki azalma ve Km degerlerindeki artis, GST enziminin karisik tipte inhibisyon mekanizmasiyla baskilandigini gostermistir. Metanolik ekstraktin GSH-bagimli GST aktivitesini CDNB-bagimli aktiviteden cok daha fazla inhibe ettigi, fakat su ekstraktlarinin esas olarak CDNB-bagimli GST aktivitesini baskiladigi gosterilmistir. Sonuc olarak A. mellea’nin, karaciger GST enzimini baskilayarak ksenobiyotiklerin hucresel detoksifikasyonunu azaltabilecek ve cesitli hastaliklarin tedavisinde ilac direncinin azaltilmasi gibi toksikolojik sonuclari olabilecek bir mantar turu olabilecegi degerlendirilmistir.
Uses and Gratifications on Augmented Reality Games: An Examination of Pokémon Go

Users are attracted by augmented reality games to fulfil their needs. Two objectives are proposed: (1) to research the motivations of those using augmented reality mobile games; (2) to define a structural model based on Uses and Gratifications Theory for the adoption of augmented reality mobile games. The present study examines the case of Pokémon Go. The model is composed of eight constructs: enjoyment, fantasy, escapism, social interaction, social presence, achievement, self-presentation and continuance intention. The SEM model was empirically assessed based on 1183 responses from Pokémon Go users around the world. Results clearly confirmed the positive influence of almost all the proposed constructs on continuance intention for Pokémon Go. First, these findings may be helpful for the online gaming industry in identifying the game functions that retain more gamers and improve the user experience. Second, the online gaming industry might use these results in order to classify those players with behaviours that favour the use of online games.
Parental Perceptions of Learning Disabilities

Abstract The research presented in this article analyses 242 written responses to interview questions conducted with families who live in the United States to explore parental perceptions of disabilities. The data were analyzed through a case study methodology and discourse analysis. Findings from this study illustrate how parents drew upon both medical metaphors and sociocultural factors to discuss their perceptions of their or their children’s perceived learning disabilities.
Performance of Chirp Parameter Estimation in the Fractional Fourier Domains and an Algorithm for Fast Chirp-Rate Estimation

This article addresses the problem of fast and accurate chirp signal parameter estimation in fractional Fourier domains. By employing a perturbation analysis, it is shown that the fractional Fourier transform can be used as an effective tool to yield an asymptotically minimum-variance unbiased estimator of the chirp parameters. Furthermore, it is shown that the asymptotic performance of the fractional-Fourier-transform-based chirp-rate estimator depends only on the actual chirp rate, not the initial frequency. Consequently, the chirp-rate estimation can be done in only one-dimensional search space, which greatly reduces the computational cost. In order to validate theoretical outcomes, we propose a fast and powerful method for the estimation of chirp rates in the fractional Fourier domains based on the golden section search. Extensive computer simulations confirm the theoretical results by demonstrating that the estimation performance of the chirp rate achieves the Cramer–Rao lower bound for both single- and multicomponent chirps. Consequently, we assert that the proposed method of chirp parameter estimation in the fractional Fourier domains is the minimum-variance unbiased estimator, requiring minimal computational cost.
Examining First Date Goals across Different Types of Date Initiation

Abstract Individual goals for first dates are examined in the context of requesting the first date, accepting a first date request, going on a blind date, and going on a group date in a sample of 211 college students. Results indicate that first dates are more likely to be group dates than blind dates or requested dates and those individuals on blind dates and group dates are less likely to endorse goals of having sex or investigating romantic potential than those who request or accept the first date. Results are considered using error management theory, cognitive valence theory, and stage models of relationships. The differences that emerge across the type of date initiation indicate the type of date initiation and are important in addressing courtship.