Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic modeling and characteristics analysis of lateral-pendulum unicycle robot

SUMMARY Lateral-pendulum unicycle robot is a type of single-wheeled mobile robot which utilizes an inverted pendulum mounted laterally for its stabilization and control. Even though this concept was first mentioned in the 1980s, it has not been sufficiently explored especially from the theoretical point of view. Therefore, this robot represents a niche which is still open for more thorough research. This paper presents four contributions to the research of this particular robot. First, the complete model of the robot dynamics is derived and this model can facilitate more accurate study of the robot's static and dynamic behaviors. Secondly, two important constants namely (1) lateral-statics boundary and (2) lateral-statics constant, which are useful for the lateral stabilization, are derived and analyzed. Thirdly, turning constant, required for the control of the turning motion, is derived and used to study the achievable path curvature in maneuvering control. Lastly, dynamics couplings during steady linear motion and steady circular motion are studied and the necessity of integral action in the lateral controller for circular motion is shown and explained. Throughout this paper, numerical simulation is used intensively and two case studies are presented to illustrate the concepts.
Fusion of support vector machines for classifying SAR and multispectral imagery from agricultural areas

A concept for classifying multisensor data sets, consisting of multispectral and SAR imagery is introduced. Each data source is separately classified by a support vector machine (SVM). In a decision fusion the outputs of the preliminary SVMs are used to determine the final class memberships. This fusion is performed by another SVM as well as two common voting schemes. The results are compared with well-known parametric and nonparametric classifier methods. The proposed SVM-based fusion approach outperforms all other concepts and significantly improves the results of a single SVM that is trained on the whole multisensor data set.
PRESENT STATUS OF VIRAL VACCINES †

One would assume from recent discussions and writings that viral vaccines had been developed entirely within the past decade and that even the term "virus" is new. Of course, both assumptions are false; the word "virus" is quite old and the first viral vaccine was developed centuries ago. This preparation was the "live" viral vaccine used in the procedure of "variolation" or intentional inoculation of persons with material from patients with smallpox. It was used in the Orient and Middle East since before the Christian era but was apparently first employed in Western Europe during the 18th Century. That a method which is so dangerous for both the vaccinee and the community at large was used at all attests to the fear and horror with which smallpox was viewed by the people of that era.
National-Scale Biomass Estimators for United States Tree Species

Estimates of national-scale forest carbon (C) stocks and fluxes are typically based on allometric regression equations developed using dimensional analysis techniques. However, the literature is inconsistent and incomplete with respect to large-scale forest C estimation. We compiled all available diameter-based allometric regression equations for estimating total aboveground and component biomass, defined in dry weight terms, for trees in the United States. We then implemented a modified meta-analysis based on the published equations to develop a set of consistent, national-scale aboveground biomass regression equations for U.S. species. Equations for predicting biomass of tree components were developed as proportions of total aboveground biomass for hardwood and softwood groups. A comparison with recent equations used to develop large-scale biomass estimates from U.S. forest inventory data for eastern U.S. species suggests general agreement (±30%) between biomass estimates. The comparison also shows that differences in equation forms and species groupings may cause differences at small scales depending on tree size and forest species composition. This analysis represents the first major effort to compile and analyze all available biomass literature in a consistent national-scale framework. The equations developed here are used to compute the biomass estimates used by the model FORCARB to develop the U.S. C budget. FOR. SCI. 49(1):12–35.
Physical activity levels improve following discharge in people admitted to hospital with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

This study aimed to determine the physical activity level of people admitted to hospital with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and whether physical activity changed immediately after discharge and 6 weeks post hospital admission. In this prospective observational study, people admitted to hospital with an AECOPD had physical activity levels monitored using the SenseWear® Armband (model MF-SW) for 3 days in hospital (T1), during the first week at home following discharge (T2), and at home during the sixth week after admission (T3). Fifty participants (mean age (SD) 71 (10) years) completed the study. There was a linear increase in average steps per day over the three time periods (T1, mean (SD) 1385 (1972) steps/day; T2, 2040 (2680); T3, 2328 (2745); analysis of variance (ANOVA) p = 0.001) and time spent in moderate activity (3.0–6.0 metabolic equivalents; minutes/day) (T1, mean (SD) 16 (27) minutes/day; T2, 32 (46) minutes/day; T3, 35 (58) minutes/day; ANOVA p = 0.008). For both outcomes, post hoc t-tests showed significant improvements from T1 to T2 and from T1 to T3, but not between T2 and T3. Physical activity was low in hospital and significantly improved in the week after discharge but showed no further significant improvement at 6 weeks following a hospitalized AECOPD.
Toward socially responsible agents: integrating attachment and learning in emotional decision‐making

Our goal is to create socially responsible agents, either robots or virtual humans. In this paper, we present an integration of emotions, attachment, and learning in emotional decision‐making to achieve this goal. Based on emerging psychological theories, we aim at building human‐like emotional decision‐making, where emotions play a central role in selecting the next action to be performed by the agent. Here, we present our own approach for emotion appraisal where we use emotional attachment as an important impulse for determining the intensities of emotions. Emotions in their turn are used to calculate the emotional attachment toward the users and for learning to predict future consequences. We report on the results of a simulation evaluation where we assess the influence of emotions, attachment, and learning on decision‐making. It is our strong belief that by giving an agent the ability to have emotions and to feel empathy and emotional attachment toward others, we will ultimately give this agent the ability to learn and improve its social behavior skills through interactions with the users and through user feedback. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potentials and Limitations of Cognitive Treatments for Obsessive‐Compulsive Disorder

Exposure and response prevention (ERP) is a well‐established treatment for obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). However, it is not completely effective for many patients, and some do not benefit from or tolerate this treatment. Over the past 3 decades there has been growing interest in using cognitive interventions, either as adjuncts or alternatives to exposure‐based treatments such as ERP, to address these shortcomings. Cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for OCD have both demonstrated greater efficacy than no treatment at all, and appear to have a lower incidence of dropout than ERP. Unfortunately, however, for the average OCD patient, cognitive interventions have not improved treatment efficacy; that is, cognitive interventions, either alone or combined with ERP, are no more effective than ERP alone. Reasons for this disappointing result are considered, and indications for the use of cognitive interventions are discussed. Future research directions are suggested in order to evaluate more fully the merits of, and indications for, cognitive methods for treating OCD.
Microparticles from Mycobacteria-Infected Macrophages Promote Inflammation and Cellular Migration

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is characterized by a strong inflammatory response whereby a few infected macrophages within the granuloma induce sustained cellular accumulation. The mechanisms coordinating this response are poorly characterized. We hypothesized that microparticles (MPs), which are submicron, plasma membrane-derived vesicles released by cells under both physiological and pathological conditions, are involved in this process. Aerosol infection of mice with M. tuberculosis increased CD45+ MPs in the blood after 4 wk of infection, and in vitro infection of human and murine macrophages with mycobacteria enhanced MP release. MPs derived from mycobacteria-infected macrophages were proinflammatory, and when injected into uninfected mice they induced significant neutrophil, macrophage, and dendritic cell recruitment to the injection site. When incubated with naive macrophages, these MPs enhanced proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine release, and they aided in the disruption of the integrity of a respiratory epithelial cell monolayer, providing a mechanism for the egress of cells to the site of M. tuberculosis infection in the lung. In addition, MPs colocalized with the endocytic recycling marker Rab11a within macrophages, and this association increased when the MPs were isolated from mycobacteria-infected cells. M. tuberculosis–derived MPs also carried mycobacterial Ag and were able to activate M. tuberculosis–specific CD4+ T cells in vivo and in vitro in a dendritic cell–dependent manner. Collectively, these data identify an unrecognized role for MPs in host response against M. tuberculosis by promoting inflammation, intercellular communication, and cell migration.
Adaptive Rate Control Scheme for Streaming-based Content Sharing Service

This paper presents an adaptive rate control scheme for streaming-based content sharing service. This scheme delivers multimedia contents from a user device to another device or seamlessly redirects streaming service across heterogeneous user devices. In the proposed scheme, a streaming server adjusts video quality level according to the network and client status. Our scheme is different from other rate control schemes, because the video quality at the server is decided not only based on the available bandwidth, but also based on the device characteristics and bandwidth requirement at the access network. We also propose a bandwidth estimation method to achieve more equitable bandwidth allocations among streaming flows competing for the same narrow link with different Round Trip Times (RTTs). Through the simulation, we prove that our scheme improves the network stability and the quality of streaming service by appropriately adjusting the quality of the video stream. The simulation results also demonstrate the ability of the proposed scheme in ensuring RTT-fairness while remaining throughput efficient.
Array CGH in Human Leukemia: From Somatics to Genetics

During the past decade, array CGH has been applied to study copy number alterations in the genome in human leukemia in relation to prediction of prognosis or responsiveness to therapy. In the first segment of this review, we will focus on the identification of acquired mutations by array CGH, followed by studies on the pathogenesis of leukemia associated with germline genetic variants, phenotypic presentation and response to treatment. In the last section, we will discuss constitutional genomic aberrations causally related to myeloid leukemogenesis.
Ngram Search Engine with Patterns Combining Token, POS, Chunk and NE Information

We developed a search tool for ngrams extracted from a very large corpus (the current system uses the entire Wikipedia, which has 1.7 billion tokens). The tool supports queries with an arbitrary number of wildcards and/or specification by a combination of token, POS, chunk (such as NP, VP, PP) and Named Entity (NE). The previous system (Sekine 08) can only handle tokens and unrestricted wildcards in the query, such as * was established in *. However, being able to constrain the wildcards by POS, chunk or NE is quite useful to filter out noise. For example, the new system can search for NE=COMPANY was established in POS=CD. This finer specification reduces the number of outputs to less than half and avoids the ngrams which have a comma or a common noun at the first position or location information at the last position. It outputs the matched ngrams with their frequencies as well as all the contexts (i.e. sentences, KWIC lists and document ID information) where the matched ngrams occur in the corpus. It takes a fraction of a second for a search on a single CPU Linux-PC (1GB memory and 500GB disk) environment.
Studies in histochemistry. LXXIX. Properties of tryptophan hydroxylase from neoplastic murine mast cells.

Abstract It was found that 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyltetrahydropteridine could act as a cofactor required by tryptophan hydroxylase partially purified from a microsome-free, final supernatant fraction of neoplastic murine mast cells. The enzyme preparation obtained was free from 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase and phenylalanine hydroxylase. Kinetic studies and pH optima established differences between the mast cell enzyme and that from rat liver.
An Introduction to Generalized Linear Models

good references for learning about the program, but given their second goal, expanding this appendix would make future editions of the book more effective. An obvious comparison for this book is the text by Venables and Ripley (2002), which is an invaluable resource to the S, R, and S-PLUS user community. Although Martinez and Martinez have not achieved the standard set by that book, they have made a very good start, and have positioned themselves to become the Venables and Ripley of the MATLAB user community. Any MATLAB user who is serious about statistics (as they all should be, in my opinion) will want a copy of this book and the software that it describes.
Studies of viral co-factors for human immunodeficiency virus in vitro and in vivo.

IP: 54.70. 40.11 On: Wed, 24 Apr 2019 22:44:17 Journal of General Virology (1998), 79, 213–220. Printed in Great Britain .
Tumor measurement in the nude mouse

In this study, the pitfalls of tumor measurement in the nude mouse were evaluated. Regarding intermethod variation, diameters of subcutaneous tumors in nude mice were expressed as length, area, and volume; tumor weights were also recorded. These measurements were all compared to a reference standard: water displacement volume. Estimates of area and volume derived from caliper measurements correlated well with water displacement volume (r = 0.97 and 0.98, respectively). At necropsy, tumor weight was the most consistent and reproducible reflection of tumor volume (r = 1.0000). Regarding interobserver variation, mean absolute difference among volumes determined by several investigators who measured the same tumors in living animals was determined. This averaged 15% of the mean calculated volume. Regarding intraobserver variation, observers measured four separate masses in nude mice eight times each. The observers were prevented from realizing that the same animals were being repeatedly evaluated. Volumes were compared in order to quantify the average variation that occurs when a single investigator repeatedly measures the same mass. When large masses were measured, this error was 7%; when small masses were measured, the error was 27%. Recommendations are made for future work employing tumor measurement.
Burnout and Managers' Tactics of Influence

This research focused on whether perception of burnout, measured by the Cherniss Burnout Scale, is related to managers' self-reported tactics of influence with subordinates. Contrary to expectations, analysis of the scores of 209 managers from 47 organizations indicated rational, ingratiating, and inspirational appeals, consultation, and exchange tactics of influence were positively correlated with burnout, whereas scores on pressure and legitimacy were negatively correlated with burnout scores. Limitations of the study were also mentioned.
Mannoprotein from Cryptococcus neoformans Promotes T-Helper Type 1 Anticandidal Responses in Mice

ABSTRACT We previously demonstrated that mannoprotein (MP) from Cryptococcus neoformans (CnMP) stimulates interleukin-12 production by human monocytes, thus fostering a T-helper type 1 (Th1) protective anticryptococcal response. In this paper we show that CnMP was also able to induce a Candida albicans-directed protective Th1 response. This was demonstrated for mice immunized with CnMP by induction of a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction to C. albicans MP (CaMP) as well as induction of gamma interferon production by CD4+ and CD8+ splenic T cells stimulated in vitro with CaMP. CnMP-immunized mice were also partially protected from lethal systemic challenge with C. albicans, as shown by prolonged median survival times and decreased fungal burden in the kidney. Much evidence supports the validity of these cross-reactive and functional Th1 responses: (i) a non-cross-reactive C. albicans antigen, such as enolase, did not produce a DTH response to CaMP; (ii) passive adoptive transfer of T cells primed with CnMP induced a DTH reaction; (iii) C. neoformans extract elicited a DTH response to CaMP; and (iv) a monoclonal antibody (7H6) directed against a major and immunodominant T-cell-stimulatory 65-kDa MP (MP65) of C. albicans also recognized discrete 100-kDa constituents of C. neoformans extracts, as well as secretory constituents of the fungus. These results suggest the presence of common Th1 antigenic determinants in the mannoproteic material of C. neoformans and C. albicans epitopes, which should be considered in devising common strategies for immunoprophylactic or immunotherapeutic control of the fungi.
Twenty-first Bowditch lecture. The epithelial junction: bridge, gate, and fence.

The hallmarks of epithelial physiology are two phenomena that emerge from the organization of the whole epithelium, and that cannot be explained by any one cell membrane acting alone. These phenomena are net active transport across the epithelial cell layer, and coupling between transepithelial fluxes of actively and passively transported solutes. In the 1956’s physiologists tried to explain these phenomena as arising entirely from the properties of two different cell membranes in series. The junctions between the cells were tacitly assumed to be simply pieces of cement. We now know, mainly from work of the past 15 years, that the junctions are as important a key to epithelial physiology as are the cell membranes. The junctions act simultaneously as a bridge, a gate, and a fence. For each of these three junctional roles I shall recount how it was discovered by physiologists, and what are its physiological function and morphological basis. At the end I shall point out what I see as the experimental usefulness of epithelia for nonepithelial physiologists.
A Flexible Perspective for Sofware Processes - Supporting Flexibility in the Software Process Engineering Metamodel

The lack of flexibility in software process modeling is an important drawback pointed out as the main cause for the low adoption of Process-centered Software Engineering Environments (PSEEs). The Object Management Group (OMG) has been working on the Software Process Engineering Meta-model (SPEM) in order to provide a uniform object-oriented meta-model for building software process models, like the Rational Unified Process (RUP). Nevertheless, the SPEM neither takes into account flexibility aspects nor provides a flexibility metamodel for derived software process models. This paper proposes a flexibility meta-model for building flexible SPEM-based software process models. SPEM compliant PSEEs that implement the proposed meta-model will provide the ability to build flexible software process models, and to associate distinct flexible mechanisms to their corresponding modeling elements.
Long-term effects of infant attachment organization on adult behavior and health in nursery-reared, captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).

This research traces the long-term effects on health, well-being, personality, and behavior of adult chimpanzees as a function of their attachment to a primary human caregiver assessed when they were 1 year of age. Of the 46 chimpanzees assessed at 1 year of age, we assessed health in 43 individuals, adult behavior in 20 individuals, and adult well-being and personality in 21 individuals. Attachment disorganization was found to be a significant predictor of stereotypic rocking in adult chimpanzees, F(1, 18) = 7.50, p = . 013. For those subjects (N = 24) with a full 20 years (birth through age 20 years) of health data available, both rearing experience and disorganized attachment were significant predictors of upper respiratory infection frequency, F(2, 21) = 8.86, p = . 002. Chimpanzees with disorganized attachment exhibited average subjective well-being as adults, whereas chimpanzees with organized strategies exhibited higher than average subjective well-being as adults. These results support the findings of human attachment research and are in line with attachment-based predictions for chimpanzees, such that the consequences of an early history of disorganized attachment may be adverse and long lasting.
Identification of wrist and metacarpophalangeal joint erosions using a portable magnetic resonance imaging system compared to conventional radiographs.

OBJECTIVE To compare magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained using a portable MR system to radiographs for identifying bone erosions in the wrists and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints of patients with inflammatory arthropathy. METHODS MR imaging and radiographs were performed in wrists (n = 227) and 2nd and 3rd MCP (n = 188) of 132 patients with inflammatory arthritis to identify erosions. MR imaging was performed using a portable MR system. Findings per body location and per patient were calculated and compared. Additionally, intraobserver and interobserver reliabilities were calculated. RESULTS MR imaging identified bony erosions in 125 (95%) patients and in 315 (78%) body locations. By comparison, radiographs identified erosions in 78 (59%; p < 0.05) patients and in 156 (39%; p < 0.05) body locations. Intraobserver reliability (K = 0.564) and interobserver reliability (K = 0.429) exhibited moderate agreement, with reader agreement in 80% of the joints scored. CONCLUSION There was superior sensitivity to bone damage using the portable MR system compared to radiographs of the wrists and MCP joints, suggesting that this scanner is extremely promising for assessment of inflammatory arthritis.
A time-frequency signal analysis framework for GNSS environmental surveillance monitoring

This work presents a time-frequency signal analysis framework for the modeling and simulation of GNSS-based environmental surveillance monitoring (ESM) applications. The framework is based on an enhanced version of SIRLAB, a signal representation framework developed for the analysis of environmental acoustic signals. This new time-frequency signal analysis framework has been successfully used in the modeling and simulation of GNSS receiver signals to study signal propagation effects as well as local interference signal effects. The framework has been also successfully used for the characterization of GNSS channels as time-frequency (TF) multiple input single output (MISO) channels.