Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Viability, morphometric, and anatomical characteristics of Cedrela odorata L. and Cariniana pyriformis Miers seeds

The aim of the study was to identify morphometric, anatomical, and the viability characteristics of the seeds of Cedrela odorata and Cariniana pyriformis . The study was carried out at the Universidad de Cordoba of Monteria, Colombia, from April 2012 to July 2014; the study was carried out with a laboratory descriptive methodology, tetrazolium and germination tests in germination chamber were performed. Seeds of commercial lots from three locations in the department of Cordoba, were used. Five trees of each specie were randomly selected and from each tree, five samples of one hundred seeds, were randomly selected. The description of the shape and the anatomy of the seeds was made according to ten seeds of each specie. For the tetrazolium tests, a completely randomized design experiment, with six treatments, and four replications of 25 seeds, was established. The six treatments were originated by combining the tetrazolium concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%, with two and three hours of immersion in the solution. The external characteristics of C. odorata showed less variation than C. pyriformis , especially in weight. Four topological patterns were identified in each specie. It was possible to determine the viability for C. pyriformis and C. odorata with immersion for two hours at concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0% tetrazolium, respectively.
Pulmonary Injury Resulting from Vaping or e-Cigarette Use: Imaging Appearances at Presentation and Follow-up.

Electronic cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury most frequently presents with an acute lung injury pattern at CT, manifesting as multifocal ground-glass opacity and/or consolidation, typically multifocal and multilobar, possibly with subpleural sparing. Areas of organization, manifesting as contracting consolidation, mild architectural distortion, intralobular lines, lobular distortion, and traction bronchiectasis may occur as the illness evolves. A CT appearance resembling hypersensitivity pneumonitis, reflecting the exquisitely bronchiolocentric micronodular lesions of organizing pneumonia and acute lung injury seen at histopathologic findings in these patients, may be encountered. Less common CT appearances include organizing pneumonia or acute eosinophilic pneumonia patterns, the latter consisting of multifocal opacity and smooth interlobular septal thickening, possibly with small effusions, but without clinical evidence of volume overload. Patients may present with pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum, or these conditions may develop during their illness course. Most patients improve clinically and at imaging on follow-up, particularly following exposure cessation and corticosteroid therapy, but the time course to improvement is variable and most likely related to the severity of the lung injury. Radiologists should be familiar with the imaging manifestations of vaping-associated pulmonary injury, and the possibility of this condition should be considered when the imaging findings reviewed in this article are encountered. © RSNA, 2020.
HESS Opinions: Improving the evaluation of groundwater representation in continental to global scale models

Abstract. Continental- to global-scale hydrologic and land surface models increasingly include representations of the groundwater system, driven by crucial Earth science and sustainability problems. These models are essential for examining, communicating, and understanding the dynamic interactions between the Earth System above and below the land surface as well as the opportunities and limits of groundwater resources. A key question for this nascent and rapidly developing field is how to evaluate the realism and performance of such large-scale groundwater models given limitations in data availability and commensurability. Our objective is to provide clear recommendations for improving the evaluation of groundwater representation in continental- to global-scale models. We identify three evaluation approaches, including comparing model outputs with available observations of groundwater levels or other state or flux variables (observation-based evaluation); comparing several models with each other with or without reference to actual observations (model-based evaluation); and comparing model behavior with expert expectations of hydrologic behaviors that we expect to see in particular regions or at particular times (expert-based evaluation). Based on current and evolving practices in model evaluation as well as innovations in observations, machine learning and expert elicitation, we argue that combining observation-, model-, and expert-based model evaluation approaches may significantly improve the realism of groundwater representation in large-scale models, and thus our quantification, understanding, and prediction of crucial Earth science and sustainability problems. We encourage greater community-level communication and cooperation on these challenges, including among global hydrology and land surface modelers, local to regional hydrogeologists, and hydrologists focused on model development and evaluation.
Spectral Induced Polarization Survey with Distributed Array System for Mineral Exploration: Case Study in Saudi Arabia

The Saudi Arabian Glass Earth Pilot Project is a geophysical exploration program to explore the upper crust of the Kingdom for minerals, groundwater, and geothermal resources as well as strictly academic investigations. The project began with over 8000 km2 of green-field area. Airborne geophysics including electromagnetic (EM), magnetics, and gravity were used to develop several high priority targets for ground follow-up. Based on the results of airborne survey, a spectral induced polarization (SIP) survey was completed over one of the prospective targets. The field data were collected with a distributed array system, which has the potential for strong inductive coupling. This was examined in a synthetic study, and it was determined that with the geometries and conductivities in the field survey, the inductive coupling effect may be visible in the data. In this study, we also confirmed that time domain is vastly superior to frequency domain for avoiding inductive coupling, that measuring decays from 50 ms to 2 s allow discrimination of time constants from 1 ms to 5 s, and the relaxation parameter C is strongly coupled to intrinsic chargeability. We developed a method to fully include all 3D EM effects in the inversion of induced polarization (IP) data. The field SIP data were inverted using the generalized effective-medium theory of induced polarization (GEMTIP) in conjunction with an integral equation-based modeling and inversion methods. These methods can replicate all inductive coupling and EM effects, which removes one significant barrier to inversion of large bandwidth spectral IP data. The results of this inversion were interpreted and compared with results of drill hole set up in the survey area. The drill hole intersected significant mineralization which is currently being further investigated. The project can be considered a technical success, validating the methods and effective-medium inversion technique used for the project.
Perceptions and Preparedness: Preservice Music Educators and Popular Music Teaching Skills

The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of undergraduate music education majors regarding the skills needed to teach popular music classes, and their comfort level with those skills. Preservice music educators (N = 81) completed a researcher-designed questionnaire describing their previous experiences with popular music, their perceptions of necessary teaching skills for popular music instruction, their comfort level with those skills, and their overall feelings of preparedness to teach popular music. Respondents rated the teaching skills of ear training, piano/keyboard, and informal learning practices as most important. In addition, respondents indicated that they were most comfortable with the teaching skills of singing, music theory, and informal learning practices. In general, respondents felt moderately prepared to teach popular music, but many believed they were lacking important knowledge and skills, including proficiency on various instruments, understanding how to integrate popular music, and music software proficiency. Implications for music educators are discussed.
Tomographic flow cytometry assisted by intelligent wavefronts analysis

High-throughput single-cell analysis is a challenging target for implementing advanced biomedical applications. An excellent candidate for this aim is label-free tomographic phase microscopy. However, in-line tomography is very difficult to be implemented in practice, as it requires complex setup for rotating the sample and/or illuminate the cell along numerous directions [1]. We exploit random rolling of cells while they are flowing along a microfluidic channel demonstrating that it is possible to obtain in-line phase-contrast tomography by adopting strategies for intelligent wavefronts analysis thus obtaining complete retrieval of both 3D-position and orientation of rotating cells [2]. Thus, by numerical wavefront analysis a-priori knowledge of such information is no longer needed. This approach makes continuos-flow cyto-tomography suitable for practical operation in real-world, single-cell analysis and with substantial simplification of the optical system avoiding any mechanical/optical scanning of light source. Demonstration is given for different classes of biosamples, red-blood-cells (RBCs), diatom algae and fibroblast cells [3]. Accurate characterization of each type of cells is reported despite their very different nature and materials content, thus showing the proposed method can be extended, by adopting two alternate strategies of wavefront-analysis, to many classes of cells. In particular, for RBCs we furnish important parameters as 3D morphology, Corpuscular Hemoglobin (CH), Volume (V), and refractive index (RI) for each single cell in the total population [3]. This could open a new route in blood disease diagnosis, for example for the isolation and characterization of "foreign" cells in the blood stream, the so called Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC), early manifestation of metastasis.
Study and Analytical Modeling of the Influence of Technological and Geometric Parameters on the Performance of Ga0:67In0:33P=GaAs=Ga0:70In0:30As Tri-junction Photovoltaic Solar Cells

In the context of global energy consumption, the production of photovoltaic solar energy remains very low. One solution to this problem is to use multi-junction solar cells with high efficiency. Efforts are being made to increase the efficiency of solar cells and reduce their cost of production. In order to optimize the performance of multi-junction solar cells, this paper presents an analytical model allowing to study and model the influence of technological and geometric parameters on the performance of tri-junction solar cells Ga0.67In0. 33P/GaAs/Ga0.70In0. 30As. These parameters are the thickness, doping and Gap energy of the three sub-cells making up the tri-junction solar structure. The thicknesses and doping of the emitters (bases) of the sub-cells are varied and *Corresponding E-mail: ndoreregity@gmail.com; Ndorere et al.; CJAST, 39(24): 66-78, 2020; Article no.CJAST. 59529 chosen in order to optimize the efficiency of the Trijunction Solar Cell (TJSC) Ga0.67In0. 33P/GaAs/Ga0.70In0. 30As. The one hand, the base doping (emitter) is selected so as to minimize the dark current and the other hand,to reduce the resistive losses in this region. As for the thickness, it is chosen so as to minimize the recombination phenomena. The simulation results show that for a given thickness, the sub-cell efficiencies have maximums which evolve with the increase in doping. If the doping of the base (or emitter) of the sub-cells increases, there follows a proportional increase in the efficiency. In addition, when the optimal doping and thickness of the bases (or emitters) are reached, above these, they can vary over a wide range without considerably modifying the efficiency of the solar cell. This point about the tolerance ranges is very important for the practical realization of Photovoltaic solar cell structures. These results also show that the optimal performance of the Tri-junction Solar Cell are obtained for the relatively low thicknesses of the bases (or emitters) (100nm-700nm) with high doping values (Nb = 8e+ 18cm−3) et (Ne = 1019cm−3). These optimal thicknesses are smaller than the optical penetration depths and the diffusion lengths of GaInP, GaAs and GaInAs materials.
Unbiased construction of a temporally consistent morphological atlas of neonatal brain development

Premature birth increases the risk of developing neurocognitive and neurobe-havioural disorders. The mechanisms of altered brain development causing these disorders are yet unknown. Studying the morphology and function of the brain during maturation provides us not only with a better understanding of normal development, but may help us to identify causes of abnormal development and their consequences. A particular difficulty is to distinguish abnormal patterns of neurodevelopment from normal variation. The Developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP) seeks to create a detailed four-dimensional (4D) connectome of early life. This connectome may provide insights into normal as well as abnormal patterns of brain development. As part of this project, more than a thousand healthy fetal and neonatal brains will be scanned in vivo. This requires computational methods which scale well to larger data sets. We propose a novel groupwise method for the construction of a spatio-temporal model of mean morphology from cross-sectional brain scans at different gestational ages. This model scales linearly with the number of images and thus improves upon methods used to build existing public neonatal atlases, which derive correspondence between all pairs of images. By jointly estimating mean shape and longitudinal change, the atlas created with our method overcomes temporal inconsistencies, which are encountered when mean shape and intensity images are constructed separately for each time point. Using this approach, we have constructed a spatio-temporal atlas from 275 healthy neonates between 35 and 44 weeks post-menstrual age (PMA). The resulting atlas qualitatively preserves cortical details significantly better than publicly available atlases. This is moreover confirmed by a number of quantitative measures of the quality of the spatial normalisation and sharpness of the resulting template brain images.
First Record of a Clingfish, Lepadichthys frenatus (Perciformes: Gobiesocidae), from Korea

rising about 36 genera with about 120 species, are small teleostean fishes distributed in most of the warm-temperate and tropical coasts throughout the world, and are characterized by having pelvic fins modified into a thoracic sucking disc for adhering to the substrate (Briggs, 1955; Allen, 1984; Nelson, 1994). The gobiesocid genus Lepadichthys Waite, 1904, consisting of about 10 species in the world (The Catalog of Fishes On-line: www.calacademy.org), is characterized by having a relatively short and broad snout, a small sucking disc, and a row of conical teeth on lower jaw (Briggs, 1955). During an investigation of coastal fishes of Jeju Island, Korea, we collected a single specimen belonging to Lepadichthys from the northern coast of the island. It was identified as L. frenatus Waite, 1904, which has not been reported from Korea until now. The species has been known from the Western Pacific Ocean, including Southern Japan, Australia, Lord Howe Island and Norfork Island. In the present study, we describe L. frenatus as the first record from Korea based on the specimen. Counts and measurements follow Hubbs and Lagler (1958), and median fin rays and vertebrae were counted by radiographs. The present specimen was deposited in the Marine and Environmental Research Institute, Cheju National University (MRIC), Korea.
The Design of Ecological Momentary Assessment Technologies

Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) methods and technologies, designed to support the self-report of experience in the moment of daily life, have long been considered poised to revolutionize human-centred research, the practice of design and mental healthcare. The history of EMA is inextricably linked to technology, and mobile devices embody many of the characteristics required to support these methods. However, significant barriers to the design and adoption of these systems remain, including challenges of user engagement, reporting burden, data validity and honest disclosure. While prior research has examined the feasibility of a variety of EMA systems, few reviews have attended to their design. Through inter-disciplinary narrative literature review (n = 342), this paper presents a characterization of the EMA technology design space, drawing upon a diverse set of literatures, contexts, applications and demographic groups. This paper describes the options and strategies available to the EMA systems designer, with an eye towards supporting the design and deployment of EMA technologies for research and clinical practice.
An Advanced Platform for Thermodynamics Education. Part one: Small Density Pure Real Gases

The paper presents an advanced platform for thermodynamics education - the equilibrium pure real gas system, which has been deeply investigated experimentally and theoretically by researchers from all over the World. But in spite of a huge amount of extra precise experimental data, the nature of real gases and clusters in them is still poorly understood. The clusters are considered now as a new state of matter. To study them is both challenging and educative. We use a wonderful feature of pure real gases: the chemical potential for all basic particles in a gas is universal for all clusters. It permits us to find the monomer fraction density Dm from an experimental pressure dependence of the total density. This variable has proven to be the key to properties of clusters and molecular interactions. The advanced platform is more informative for thermodynamics education than the widely used ideal gas model, which ignores molecular interactions. It provides a new vision of molecular interactions in clusters, the entropy and Joule-Thomson effect in pure real gases, gas-to-liquid transition in supercritical fluids. Moving step-by-step from ideal to denser gases students understand better the complex nature of condensation. Here we start from small density gases.
How is Childhood Abuse Associated with Moral Disgust? The Mediating Role of Social Support and Gratitude——Based on the Theory of Mind

ABSTRACT Based on the theory of mind, this study explores the relationship between childhood abuse and moral disgust, and the mediating role of social support and gratitude. Participants, 677 Chinese adults with an age range of 16–27 years, completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Moral Disgust Scale, Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Gratitude Questionnaire. Path analysis showed that social support and gratitude played a mediating role in the relationship between childhood abuse and moral disgust. This is the first study to explore the relationship between childhood abuse and moral disgust from the perspective of the theory of mind, and the results further support specific mechanisms that help to inhibit negative effects of childhood abuse on moral disgust, and enrich relative theories about moral.
A Real-Time American Sign Language Recognition System using Convolutional Neural Network for Real Datasets

In this paper, a real-time ASL recognition system was built with a ConvNet algorithm using real colouring images from a PC camera. The model is the first ASL recognition model to categorize a total of 26 letters, including (J & Z), with two new classes for space and delete, which was explored with new datasets. It was built to contain a wide diversity of attributes like different lightings, skin tones, backgrounds, and a wide variety of situations. The experimental results achieved a high accuracy of about 98.53% for the training and 98.84% for the validation. As well, the system displayed a high accuracy for all the datasets when new test data, which had not been used in the training, were introduced.
Detection and prediction of a beam-driven mode in field-reversed configuration plasma with recurrent neural networks

Energetic beams excite semi-repetitive modes (‘staircase mode’) in the field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasma. We explore several neural network architectures to detect, and in some cases predict, this type of mode onset. We weigh the performance of these architectures and find that recurrent neural networks (RNNs), specifically long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, outperform all other models we examine. LSTMs can predict the onset of staircase with a lead window of 0.2 ms, which has implications for plasma longevity and is a promising direction for similar analysis in FRC devices in the future.
DES vs RANS: The flatback airfoil case

Using flatback airfoils at the root of wind turbine (WT) blades is becoming more popular as the WTs increase in size. The reason is that they provide significant aerodynamic, aeroelastic and structural benefits. However, due to the blunt trailing edge (TE), the wake of such airfoils is highly unsteady and rich in three-dimensional vortical structures. This poses significant challenges on the numerical simulation of the flow around them, given the highly unsteady, three-dimensional turbulent character of their wake. In this work, computational predictions for a flatback airfoil employing both RANS and DES approaches on three successively refined grids up to 25 million cells are compared with available experimental data. Results suggest that even though URANS and DDES are in good agreement in terms of lift and drag, RANS simulations fail to accurately capture the turbulent wake unsteady characteristics.
Accounting Standards for European Non-profits. Reasons and Barriers for a Harmonisation Process

Abstract Non-profits (NPOs) are one of the key agents in implementing socio-economic policies, financial reporting being relevant for their stakeholders. Different accounting regulations exist in Europe, with no required, common accounting standards to promote these entities’ participation in diverse countries and societies. We analyse the current differences among local accounting regulations related to the elaboration of financial reporting for European NPOs. We accomplish this by considering the primary elements that define an accounting system together with accounting regulations to elaborate on these organisations’ financial statements, and specific operations related to tangible fixed assets, donations and volunteering. Despite there are pressures to promote an isomorphic behaviour in the European context, our results evidence intense differences among European local regulations for NPOs, with origin in diverse cultural and non-profit traditions.
Theories, Models, and Effects—Oh My! Differentiating Similar Constructs

Theories, models, and effects are related constructs that students often struggle to distinguish. However, these are important psychological tools, and by understanding them and their functions, students will better be able to apply them to psychological phenomena and broaden their depth of knowledge of the field. This article reviews the basic distinction between the constructs and highlights their functions within the field. Generally speaking, theories are broad in scope, offer the best explanatory power, and are generative in nature. Models are moderate in scope and are particularly well suitable for prediction and provide clarity of processes. While effects are narrow in scope and are primarily descriptive. Although distinct constructs, there will ultimately be overlap between them. The role of psychology lecturers to teach these constructs to their students is discussed.