Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PCT Symmetric Black Hole Radiation from Semiclosed Friedman Universe and Zitterbewegung of Radiating Particle

Einstein's early thought experiment of a tiny clock ticking (quantized) around a closed loop in Newton potential－GM/r (gravitational Bohr atom), is revisited and its cosmological implication is considered by first replacing the point mass M by a magnetc flux confined within a slender tube standing perpendicular to the plane of the paper, indicating probable existence of a pair of magnetic monopoles at the north and the south poles of the double-valued Friedman universe projected on 2-dimensional plane. The clock is next replaced by a wavelike test particle ticking with Planck period and the Newtonian mass M by a Planck scale proper mass of the semiclosed Friedman black hole joined onto asymptotically flat outer space in early and later inflationary epochs of expanding and contracting universe, emitting radiation from P (left-right)-C (particle-antiparticle) and T(future-past) symmetric path of the test particle zigzagging in time (Zitterbeweging). A direct imaging of trembling motion of a laser-activated ion clock trapped by strong electrodynamic potential in Bose-Einstein condensates, simulating Dirac's monopole and Zitterbewegung, followed by energy emission, simulating Hawking radiation, is briefly mentioned.
The moral reasoning and adolescents

This study explored the moral reasoning and scientific argumentation skills of 31 gifted Finnish adolescents participating in a science program at the University of Helsinki. Students were given the Defining Issues Test (DIT) to determine their level of moral reasoning and the Raven test to evaluate their scientific reasoning. The argumentation skills of students who scored exceptionally high on the DIT were then compared with those of students who received average scores in moral reasoning. In qualitative essays and interviews, students were asked to identify moral dilemmas in science and provide solutions for them. Analysis focused on the principles students used in justifying the right moral judgment in science. Findings indicated that the argumentation skills of the pupils who scored high on the DIT differed from those pupils who received average scores. Furthermore, the principles used in solving moral dilemmas in science by high-scoring pupils differed from the ones used by those gifted pupils who received average DIT scores. Two individual case studies contrast the argumentation skills of students with either a high or low score on the DIT. (Contains 18 references.) (DB) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
The measurement of drivers' mental workload

Driving a vehicle may seem to be a fairly simple task. After some initial training many people are able to handle a car safely. Nevertheless, accidents do occur and the majority of these accidents can be attributed to human failure. At present there are factors that may even lead to increased human failure in traffic. Firstly, owing in part to increased welfare, the number of vehicles on the road is increasing. Increased road intensity leads to higher demands on the human information processing system and an increased likelihood of vehicles colliding. Secondly, people continue to drive well into old age. Elderly people suffer from specific problems in terms of divided attention performance, a task that is more and more required in traffic. One of the causes of these increased demands is the introduction of new technology into the vehicle. It began with a car radio, was followed by car-phones and route guidance systems, and will soon be followed by collision avoidance systems, intelligent cruise controls and so on. All these systems require drivers’ attention to be divided between the system and the primary task of longitudinal and lateral vehicle control. Thirdly, drivers in a diminished state endanger safety on the road. Longer journeys are planned and night time driving increases for economic purposes and/or to avoid congestions. Driver fatigue is currently an important factor in accident causation. But not only lengthy driving affects driver state, a diminished driver state can also be the result of the use of alcohol or (medicinal) sedative drugs. The above-mentioned examples have in common that in all cases driver workload is affected. An increase in traffic density increases the complexity of the driving task. Additional systems in the vehicle add to task complexity. A reduced driver state affects the ability to deal with these demands. How to assess this, i.e. how to assess driver mental workload is the main theme of this thesis. In chapter 1, the theoretical aspects of mental workload are introduced. The difference between task demand, i.e. the external demand, the goals that have to be reached, and (work)load, i.e. the individual reaction to these demands, receive attention in this chapter. Mental workload is defined as a relative concept; it is the ratio of demand to allocated resources. Task difficulty is explicitly separated from task complexity. Task complexity would have been an objective property of the task that is related to demand on computational processes, were it not dependent upon individual goal setting. Task difficulty is very much dependent upon the context and the individual. Applied strategies may affect resource allocation or task complexity and thus difficulty and mental workload.
Analyzing Fast Food Consumption among Iranian Urban Households

Fast foods are of different effects on households’ health and budget. This research aims to explain fast food consumption pattern among the Iranian urban households. It uses a consumer utility function and constrained optimization method to describe factors affecting fast food consumption with emphasis on social classes. The expenditure on fast food, incomes, and price indexes were extracted from Households Income and Expenditure Survey by the Statistical Center of Iran over the 2008-2013 period. Using panel data models, we indicate that the relative expenditure on fast foods and snacks is significantly linked with non-wage incomes, total income, and relative food prices. One percent increase in per capita income increases the per capita fast foods expenditure by 1.14%. This study may direct food industry planners and governmental policy-makers to account for health and economic consequences of fast foods. The socialization and imitation effects of fast foods consumption are considered
Dynamic locomotion synchronization of bipedal robot and human operator via bilateral feedback teleoperation

A bilateral teleoperation system facilitates locomotion synchronization of a human operator and a small bipedal robot. Despite remarkable progress in artificial intelligence, autonomous humanoid robots are still far from matching human-level manipulation and locomotion proficiency in real applications. Proficient robots would be ideal first responders to dangerous scenarios such as natural or man-made disasters. When handling these situations, robots must be capable of navigating highly unstructured terrain and dexterously interacting with objects designed for human workers. To create humanoid machines with human-level motor skills, in this work, we use whole-body teleoperation to leverage human control intelligence to command the locomotion of a bipedal robot. The challenge of this strategy lies in properly mapping human body motion to the machine while simultaneously informing the operator how closely the robot is reproducing the movement. Therefore, we propose a solution for this bilateral feedback policy to control a bipedal robot to take steps, jump, and walk in synchrony with a human operator. Such dynamic synchronization was achieved by (i) scaling the core components of human locomotion data to robot proportions in real time and (ii) applying feedback forces to the operator that are proportional to the relative velocity between human and robot. Human motion was sped up to match a faster robot, or drag was generated to synchronize the operator with a slower robot. Here, we focused on the frontal plane dynamics and stabilized the robot in the sagittal plane using an external gantry. These results represent a fundamental solution to seamlessly combine human innate motor control proficiency with the physical endurance and strength of humanoid robots.
Salicylic acid delays leaf rolling by inducing antioxidant enzymes and modulating osmoprotectant content in Ctenanthe setosa under osmotic stress

The effects of salicylic acid (SA) on leaf rolling under osmotic stress in Ctenanthe setosa (Roscoe) Eichler were evaluated. The leaves were pretreated with SA, paclobutrazol (PAC), and antioxidant enzyme inhibitors for 15 h and then kept in polyethylene glycol (PEG) for 4 h to promote osmotic stress. The degree of leaf rolling was measured every hour during the 4-h PEG treatment. Antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase) and NADPH oxidase (NOX) activities, endogenous SA contents, hydrogen peroxide, proline, and soluble sugar were determined immediately after PEG treatment. SA treatment retarded leaf rolling and induced antioxidant enzyme activities under osmotic stress. Antioxidant enzyme inhibitors and PAC treatments caused reductions in all antioxidant enzyme activities and accelerated leaf rolling. The PAC treatment also decreased endogenous SA, hydrogen peroxide, proline, and soluble sugar contents and NOX activity. In conclusion, the delay in leaf rolling resulting from SA application was related to the antioxidant enzyme activities and also to osmoprotectants. These were supported by the increase in leaf rolling degree due to PAC, which led to a decrease in proline and sugar contents and antioxidant enzyme activities due to a decrease in hydrogen peroxide content followed by a reduction in NOX activity.
The role of the private sector in preparing for humanitarian operations - A multiple-case study including DP-DHL, MasterCard and Cisco

There are many actors included in the humanitarian system, such as NGOs, UN humanitarian agencies and governments. However, a gap in the humanitarian system can be identified where the traditional actors lack resources, which provides an opportunity for the private sector to be more involved, particularly in preparing for humanitarian operations. Therefore, in this research, a multiple-case study has been performed with three private businesses; DP-DHL, MasterCard and Cisco, with the purpose to understand the present role of the private sector in preparing for humanitarian operations and the possibility to improve this role. Both benefits and some challenges have been revealed related to the involvement of the private sector. An understanding of their role has been obtained where it has been found that there are many possibilities for the private sector to engage in preparing for humanitarian operations. The outcomes of the engagements studied in this research imply that successful initiatives are achievable and factors of success have been formulated. These can indicate what areas should be invested in to achieve successful initiatives in the future. (Less)
The Role of Phosphoinositides in the Interaction of Myelin Basic Protein with the Oligodendroglial Cell Membrane

The only protein known to be essential for myelin formation and compaction in the central nervous system is myelin basic protein (MBP). Oligodendrocytes in mutant mice that lack MBP-expression are unable to deposit a functional myelin sheath and the few lamellae formed around axons are not compacted. The association of MBP as a positively-charged protein with negatively charged membranes is therefore crucial for myelination, but the mechanisms by which MBP associates with the myelin membrane remains elusive. In this study, I demonstrate that the signaling lipid phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2) is important for the stable association of MBP with cellular membranes. This association is lost upon specific reduction of PIP2 levels following the overexpression of a phosphoinositide-5-phosphatase (Synaptojanin 1) that selectively hydrolyzes PIP2. The association is also lost through elevated intracellular Ca2+up levels. Moreover, since MBP interacts with the membranes electrostatically, the experimental decrease of membrane charges at the intracellular membrane surface (through PIP2 dephosphorylation) was shown to cause the dissociation of MBP from the plasma membrane. Experiments presented here further implicate that one putative PIP2 binding domain of MBP lies within the exon-1 encoded region. The relevance of this protein-lipid interaction was demonstrated for the corpus callosum of mice, analyzed by electron microscopy after decreasing membrane surface charges in acute brain slices. Here, PIP2 hydrolysis led to the loss of myelin compaction. A related phosphoinositide that might play a role in myelin formation is the signaling lipid phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 and some downstream polarizing factors were found to be accumulated at the tips of growing cellular processes in both immortalized and primary oligodendrocytes. Taken together, the results presented here demonstrate that PIP2 and PIP3 play an important role in MBP association to the plasma membrane and oligodendroglial polarity. This association might induce the formation of lipid clusters, which could serve as a signalling platform for polarization of oligodendrocytes through PIP3 signalling. These findings provide a novel link between phosphoinositol metabolism and MBP function in oligodendrocytes in development and disease.
Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (HMSNs) Synthesis and in vitro Evaluation of Cisplatin Delivery

Cisplatin continues to be a first line chemotherapy agent alone or in combination with other cytotoxic agents orradiotherapy. Dose-limiting side effects, intrinsic and acquired resistance are the main reasons for inventing and developing new ways of delivering cisplatin. Biocompatible hollow porous materials offer high void volume, shell porosity, low density and controllable size which make them promising platforms for efficient drug delivery systems. In this study, hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) were successfully synthesized by a hard-templating method. Further, the synthesized HMSNs were studied by characterizing their morphology, nanostructure, specific surface area, particle size distribution and chemical composition using FESEM, HRTEM, N2-Sorption and FTIR techniques, respectively. The high specific surface area (1201 m2g-1) of the prepared HMSNs resulted in relatively high loading capacity of cisplatin (35 wt.%). Furthermore, release test performed at pH value of 7.4 showed a sustained release pattern. The cytotoxicity of the formulated drug was also examined in c26 colon carcinoma cell lines by MTT assay. The drug loaded HMSNs showed a lower toxicity than free drug due to the sustained drug release.
EVALUATION OF INSECTICIDES AGAINST SUCKING INSECT PESTS INFESTING BT COTTON BG- II

Nine synthetic insecticides were evaluated against sucking insect pests viz., leaf hopper (Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida), whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius), thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindemann) and aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) in cotton variety RCH-2 Bt (BG-II) during three consecutive years i.e. 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2012-13. Among the different insecticides, imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.008% (7.50 aphid and 1.47 whitefly/ leaf), thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 0.0125% (1.22 leaf hopper/ leaf) and diafenthiuron 50 WP @ 0.05% (1.43 thrips/ leaf) found more effective and safer to the natural enemies viz., Chrysoperla carnea (adult), spiders and coccinellids (grubs and adult). Highest seed cotton yield (30.81 q/ha) was harvested from crop treated with imidacloprid followed by clothianidin (27.34 q/ha), difenthiuron (26.93 q/ha), thiamethoxam (26.01 q/ha) and acetamiprid (25.68 q/ha). The highest Insecticidal Cost Benefit Ratio (1: 16.54) was registered in imidacloprid followed by acetamiprid (11.06), acephate (10.38), thiamethoxam (7.05) and difenthiuron (6.13).
Aalborg Universitet MEco enhanced Adaptation Service ( D 5 . 3 )

In this report, we present the final version of the Adaptive Tuning and Personalization (WP5) component of the M-Eco system. This component is focused on four main areas of interest to users of surveillance systems: presentation options for recommendation and adaptation, user and group models, user classification and modeling algorithms, and recommendation, adaptation and personalization strategies. In each of these areas, we propose improvements over those presented in the previous deliverable incorporating feedback from medical surveilance experts. The personalization component is enriched with several extensions. The multi-factor recommendation model is incremented with more factors, including time decay, tagging activity and location. Location is also improved with a method to predict event trajectories. Moreover, a new family of tensor-based recommenders is presented. The tag cloud model is improved with two new tags selection algorithms. We also introduce a propagation of the (ir)relevant terms obtained from tag clouds usage to WP3 and WP4 in order to improve their data collections algorithms. The evaluation part of the report summarizes the benefits and drawbacks of the models presented and describes possible directions for the future work. Keyword List social tagging, recommender system, tag cloud, group recommendation M-Eco:247829 Deliverable No:D5.1
Impact of coastal shrimp fishing on women and youth livelihoods and food security in Tárcoles, Costa Rica

Fishing communities often face similar challenges that include overfishing, lack of food security, and unenforced sustainability policies. Tarcoles, mid-Pacific coast of Costa Rica, generates the majority of its income through fishing. A local cooperative aids families with direct marketing, lowering middleman power and generally benefitting the community. To understand the role of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei , we interviewed 47 women and youth (aged 13-72) and 41 young students (17-24) at the University of Costa Rica. We found that shrimp is a vital resource used both for food security and to improve economic situations of fishermen and women. People who have been fishing for more years perceive more positively the success of conservation efforts (P=0,05). Fishermen who have fished in more recent years also perceived greater success in shrimp recuperation in the town (P=0,03). At the University of Costa Rica, many students had at least a basic awareness of social and economic realities in rural fishing communities. Knowledge about artisanal fishing from UCR students was found to be very limited, with many respondents believing that artisanal fishing communities have no impact on large cities in Costa Rica. They should receive more education on this subject.
Thermal Analysis of DAB Converter Core used in Hybrid Aircraft Propulsion System

The interest in the hybrid electric aircraft propulsion is increasing. Different goals must be guaranteed for a correct performance of an electric propulsion system for aircraft: reliability, low weights, performance in critical conditions. The paper is focused on the thermal analysis of the medium/high frequency core transformers used for the coupling between the battery storage system and the electric motor in electric aircrafts. A multi-physics simulation is carried out to solve the transient thermal problem for the transformer during electrical assisted phase of the aircraft.
Power Efficient VLSI Inverter Design using Adiabatic Logic and Estimation of Power dissipation using VLSI-EDA Tool

Power dissipation becoming a limiting factor in VLSI circuits and systems. Due to relatively high complexity of VLSI systems used in various applications, the power dissipation in CMOS inverter, arises from it's switching activity, which is mainly influenced by the supply voltage and effective capacitance. (1,2,3) To optimize power dissipation, the researches show various techniques like appropriate coding, appropriate design architectures, appropriate manipulation algorithms. In this paper we have applied adiabatic logic design approach to design COMS inverter. Adiabatic switching techniques based on energy recovery principle are one of the innovative solutions at a circuit and logic level achieve reduction in power (12) Various adiabatic logic based inverters are shown. Mainly our aim is to design and simulate PFAL inverters. Finally we have calculated dissipated power of static CMOS inverter and compare it with that of PFAL based inverter. (4, 6)
Quantitative Analysis of Influence of China's Urbanization on its Economy Based on ECM and SVAR Model

At present, the Chinese Government is upgrading its new urbanization to stimulate economic development. What will be the effects of urbanization? Using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test, the stability of data series of impact factors are tested. According to Granger Causality Tests, the causality between impact factors is confirmed. By means of the method of Error Correct Model and SVAR model, this paper found that there exist causality between urban population and the primary and secondary y i industry, the wholesale and retail trades of the tertiary industry; there is causality between area of built district and the secondary industry, the hotels and catering services of the tertiary industry. However, it was also found that An increase in urban population will lead to increase the demand for the products from the primary industry in the long run, An increase in urban population will result in a small increase in the value-add d of the secondary industry i n the first two years and rapidly decrease to the lowest point i n the fifth year; In the long run, an increase in the value-added of the secondary industry will bring the increase in urban population in seven or eight years. ; the expansion of area of built district will lead to an increase in the valueadded of hotels and catering services in four years or so; an increase in urban population will arouse a very small fluctuation in the value-added of wholesale and retail trades in seven years and a bigger increase in the next seven or eight years. Hence, if China intends to push a large scale of urbanization forward, suitable city planning such as land-use control, population control, employment, social security and environment protection will be vital for economic development.
Coercion, competence, and consent in offenders with personality disorder

Competence to consent to treatment has not previously been examined in a personality disorder cohort without comorbid mental disorder. We examined competence and coercion in 174 individuals diagnosed with severe personality disorder using two validated tools (the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Treatment and the MacArthur Coercion Assessment Scale – Short Form). Competence was not categorically impaired, but there were variations within the sample on dimensional competence measures. Further, there were signi ﬁ cant negative correlations between experienced coercion and competence. Higher coercion scores were associated with two components of competence: lower understanding and reasoning. Patients who consented to treatment had higher scores on competence measures and experienced less coercion. These ﬁ ndings suggest that therapeutic approaches that decrease experienced coercion and increase competence may increase the engagement of individuals diagnosed with severe personality disorders in treatment.
A DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN METHOD FOR THE SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS WITH BATHYMETRIC TERMS AND DRY AREAS

Abstract. We develop a Runge-Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin method to approximate the two-dimensional Shallow-Water Equations with bathymetric terms and dry areas. We introduce a flux modification technique to ensure a well-balanced scheme (i.e. that preserves steady-states at rest) and a slope modification technique to deal with dry areas. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed method in various test cases.