Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conversion of the luminescence of laser dyes in opal matrices to stimulated emission

The luminescence and laser characteristics of a synthetic opal matrix filled with organic dyes are studied upon excitation by nanosecond laser pulses. The appearance of stimulated emission in a partially ordered scattering medium is investigated. It is shown that if the luminescence spectrum of a dye (oxazine-17) is located far outside the photonic bandgap of the opal matrix, stimulated emission along a preferential direction in the (111) plane is observed when pumping exceeds a threshold even without an external optical cavity. The stimulated emission spectrum is considerably narrower than the luminescence spectrum and consists of several narrow lines located within the dye luminescence band. If the luminescence spectrum of a dye (rhodamine 6G) overlaps with the photonic bandgap of the opal matrix, a different picture is observed. The loss of radiation in the matrix leads to the red shift of the luminescence spectrum, while the stimulated emission as in the case of oxazine-17 lies is observed within the luminescence band.
Use of Monte Carlo computation in benchmarking radiotherapy treatment planning system algorithms

Radiotherapy treatments are becoming more complex, often requiring the dose to be calculated in three dimensions and sometimes involving the application of non-coplanar beams. The ability of treatment planning systems to accurately calculate dose under a range of these and other irradiation conditions requires evaluation. Practical assessment of such arrangements can be problematical, especially when a heterogeneous medium is used. This work describes the use of Monte Carlo computation as a benchmarking tool to assess the dose distribution of external photon beam plans obtained in a simple heterogeneous phantom by several commercially available 3D and 2D treatment planning system algorithms. For comparison, practical measurements were undertaken using film dosimetry. The dose distributions were calculated for a variety of irradiation conditions designed to show the effects of surface obliquity, inhomogeneities and missing tissue above tangential beams. The results show maximum dose differences of 47% between some planning algorithms and film at a point 1 mm below a tangentially irradiated surface. Overall, the dose distribution obtained from film was most faithfully reproduced by the Monte Carlo N-Particle results illustrating the potential of Monte Carlo computation in evaluating treatment planning system algorithms.
The impacts of time-step size in the application of the direct simulation Monte Carlo method to ultra-thin gas film lubrication

The size of the time step is an important factor in the application of the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method for rarefied gas dynamics. In order to understand the effects of this essential factor and then to apply the DSMC method more effectively, the influence of the size of time step used on the accuracy of the algorithm is demonstrated and investigated. It is found that some wall properties related to the streamwise derivative of velocity, such as wall shear stress, are sensitive to the size of time step. A series of computation and analysis is presented to illustrate the computational errors (bias) caused by the size of time step and the corresponding computational resource applied. From this investigation, a compromise can be made between the magnitude of error and computing cost; thus, a criterion on the size of time step is proposed for the DSMC method. This criterion is necessary for the application of the DSMC method used in a low subsonic, ultra-thin gas film lubrication with a characteristic scale of one mean free path, such as the gas bearing flow under the floating slider.
Tradução, adaptação transcultural e validação de conteúdo da versão em português do Coping Behaviours Inventory (CBI) para a população brasileira

Estrategias de coping relacionam-se diretamente com o sucesso de abstinencia do uso de alcool. No Brasil nao ha instrumentos que identifiquem estrategias especificas para usuarios de alcool. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a traducao, adaptacao transcultural e validacao de conteudo do Coping Behaviours Inventory (CBI). Os procedimentos seguiram de traducao e retraducao, adaptacao transcultural, avaliacao de conteudo e estudo piloto. A versao final em portugues foi aplicada por telefone a 40 usuarios de alcool que buscaram auxilio em um servico de teleatendimento, o VIVAVOZ. A versao retraduzida aproximou-se da original. Quanto a validacao de conteudo, a maioria dos itens e satisfatoria e aceitavel. Alem disso, a concordância entre os juizes, referente a dimensao teorica, apresentou indice kappa medio igual a 0,666, sendo o nivel de concordância considerado substancial. Os resultados sao satisfatorios e aceitaveis, o que demonstra que a escala esta adequada para investigar as estrategias de coping para usuarios de alcool.
Orthonormal quaternion frames, Lagrangian evolution equations, and the three-dimensional Euler equations

More than 160 years after their invention by Hamilton, quaternions are now widely used in the aerospace and computer animation industries to track the orientation and paths of moving objects undergoing three-axis rotations. Here it is shown that they provide a natural way of selecting an appropriate orthonormal frame—designated the quaternion-frame—for a particle in a Lagrangian flow, and of obtaining the equations for its dynamics. How these ideas can be applied to the three-dimensional Euler fluid equations is then considered. This work has some bearing on the issue of whether the Euler equations develop a singularity in a finite time. Some of the literature on this topic is reviewed, which includes both the Beale-Kato-Majda theorem and associated work on the direction of vorticity by Constantin, Fefferman, and Majda and by Deng, Hou, and Yu. It is then shown how the quaternion formalism provides an alternative formulation in terms of the Hessian of the pressure.
The optimal cosmic epoch for precision cosmology

The statistical uncertainty in measuring the primordial density perturbations on a given comoving scale is dictated by the number of independent regions of that scale that are accessible to an observer. This number varies with cosmic time and diminishes per Hubble volume in the distant past or future of the standard cosmological model. We show that the best constraints on the initial power spectrum of linear density perturbations are accessible (e.g. through 21-cm intensity mapping) at redshifts z ∼ 10, and that the ability to constrain the cosmological initial conditions will deteriorate quickly in our cosmic future.
Multiple kinetic k-essence, phantom barrier crossing and stability

We investigate models of dark energy with purely kinetic multiple k-essence sources that allow for the crossing of the phantom divide line, without violating the conditions of stability. It is known that with more than one kinetic k-field one can possibly construct dark energy models whose equation of state parameter wX crosses -1 (the phantom barrier) at recent red-shifts, as indicated by the Supernova Ia and other observational probes. However, such models may suffer from cosmological instabilities, as the effective speed of propagation cX of the dark energy density perturbations may become imaginary while the wX = −1 barrier is crossed. Working out the expression for cX we show that multiple kinetic k-essence fields do indeed lead to a wX = −1 crossing dark energy model, satisfying the stability criterion cX2 ⩾ 0 as well as the condition cX ⩽ 1 (in natural units), which implies that the dark energy is not super-luminal. As a specific example, we construct a phantom barrier crossing model involving three k-fields for which cX is a constant, lying between 0 and 1. The model fits well with the latest Supernova Ia Union data, and the best fit shows that wX crosses -1 at red-shift z ∼ 0.2, whereas the dark energy density nearly tracks the matter density at higher red-shifts.
Customer Retention of Using Mobile Banking a Case Study of One of the Largest Bank in Thailand

— This research is focused more on the customer retention of using mobile banking service in Thailand i.e. a case study of one of the largest bank in Thailand. The study has combined personality dimensions of Technology Readiness Index and cognitive dimensions of Technology Acceptance Model with antecedents such as consumer satisfaction and loyalty to provide robust framework of mobile banking adoption process. Also the study examines the influencing factors that determine the customer loyalty for ABC mobile banking application. The Inferential Analysis was done to test the validation of the technology readiness and acceptance model (TRAM) constructs and their interrelationship among each other. The finding reveals that TRAM variables have a significant influence on use of ABC Bank Mobile application in Bangkok. The study concludes with a discussion on practical implications of the research across similar service providers within the industry.
Constraining dark matter sub-structure with the dynamics of astrophysical systems

The accuracy of the measurements of some astrophysical dynamical systems allows to constrain the existence of incredibly small gravitational perturbations. In particular, the internal Solar System dynamics (planets, Earth-Moon) opens up the possibility, for the first time, to prove the abundance, mass and size, of dark sub-structures at the Earth vicinity. We find that adopting the standard dark matter density, its local distribution can be composed by sub-solar mass halos with no currently measurable dynamical consequences, regardless of the mini-halo fraction. On the other hand, it is possible to exclude the presence of dark streams with linear mass densities higher than λst > 10−10M☉/AU (about the Earth mass spread along the diameter of the SS up to the Kuiper belt). In addition, we review the dynamics of wide binaries inside the dwarf spheroidal galaxies in the Milky Way. The dynamics of such kind of binaries seem to be compatible with the presence of a huge fraction of dark sub-structure, thus their existence is not a sharp discriminant of the dark matter hypothesis as been claimed before. However, there are regimes where the constraints from different astrophysical systems may reveal the sub-structure mass function cut-off scale.
Anomalous scaling of the critical temperature of unmixing with chain length for two-dimensional polymer blends

The thermodynamics, structure and the chain configurations of symmetrical polymer mixtures confined into ultrathin films are studied by Monte Carlo simulations of the bond fluctuation model. It is shown that the Flory-Huggins–type scaling of the critical temperature (Tc ∼ N) with chain length N in the bulk is replaced by a weaker increase, Tc ∼ N1/2, in an ultrathin film, and this is interpreted in terms of geometric arguments. The pair-correlation function g(r) of monomers from different chains exhibits a pronounced correlation hole, and the density of intermolecular contacts zc decreases with N as zc ∼ N−1/2.
Rapidly-varying speed of sound, scale invariance and non-Gaussian signatures

We show that curvature perturbations acquire a scale invariant spectrum for any constant equation of state, provided the fluid has a suitably time-dependent sound speed. In order for modes to exit the physical horizon, and in order to solve the usual problems of standard big bang cosmology, we argue that the only allowed possibilities are inflationary (albeit not necessarily slow-roll) expansion or ekpyrotic contraction. Non-Gaussianities offer many distinguish features. As usual with a small sound speed, non-Gaussianity can be relatively large, around current sensitivity levels. For DBI-like lagrangians, the amplitude is negative in the inflationary branch, and can be either negative or positive in the ekpyrotic branch. Unlike the power spectrum, the three-point amplitude displays a large tilt that, in the expanding case, peaks on smallest scales. While the shape is predominantly of the equilateral type in the inflationary branch, as in DBI inflation, it is of the local form in the ekpyrotic branch. The tensor spectrum is also generically far from scale invariant. In the contracting case, for instance, tensors are strongly blue tilted, resulting in an unmeasurably small gravity wave amplitude on cosmic microwave background scales.
Investigation of the Hyperfine Structure of Ta I Lines (IX)

We report the discovery of 25 previously unknown energy levels of even parity and 3 previously unknown energy levels of odd parity of the tantalum atom, including the last two unknown levels with energy values below 32500 cm-1. Thus, below 32500 cm-1, all levels predicted by theory have now been observed. These results are based on investigations of the hyperfine structure of 126 new spectral lines of the tantalum atom (Ta I) by means of laser spectroscopy. The observation of laser-induced fluorescence further led to the classification of 159 spectral lines. Additionally, 235 lines, observed in high resolution Fourier transform spectra, were classified by their wave numbers and their characteristic hyperfine patterns.
The effect of the range of the potential on the structure and stability of simple liquids: from clusters to bulk, from sodium to

For systems with sufficiently short-ranged interparticle forces, such as some colloidal systems and perhaps , the liquid phase can be thermodynamically unstable. By analysing the effect of the range of the interatomic forces on the multidimensional potential energy surfaces of bulk material and clusters, a microscopic view of this phenomenon is provided. Structural analysis of the minima on the potential energy surface provides evidence for the polytetrahedral character of the liquid phase, and allows us to examine the evolution of the phase-like forms of clusters to the bulk limit. We find that essentially bulk-like liquid structure can develop in clusters with as few as 55 atoms. The effect of the range of the potential on the thermodynamics is illustrated by a series of simulations of 55-atom clusters. For small clusters bound by long-ranged potentials the lowest energy minimum has an amorphous structure typical of the liquid-like state. This suggests an explanation for the transition from electronic to geometric magic numbers observed in the mass spectra of sodium clusters.
A comparison of MCNP4C electron transport with ITS 3.0 and experiment at incident energies between 100 keV and 20 MeV: influence of voxel size, substeps and energy indexing algorithm

The condensed-history electron transport algorithms in the Monte Carlo code MCNP4C are derived from ITS 3.0, which is a well-validated code for coupled electron–photon simulations. This, combined with its user-friendliness and versatility, makes MCNP4C a promising code for medical physics applications. Such applications, however, require a high degree of accuracy. In this work, MCNP4C electron depth-dose distributions in water are compared with published ITS 3.0 results. The influences of voxel size, substeps and choice of electron energy indexing algorithm are investigated at incident energies between 100 keV and 20 MeV. Furthermore, previously published dose measurements for seven beta emitters are simulated. Since MCNP4C does not allow tally segmentation with the *F8 energy deposition tally, even a homogeneous phantom must be subdivided in cells to calculate the distribution of dose. The repeated interruption of the electron tracks at the cell boundaries significantly affects the electron transport. An electron track length estimator of absorbed dose is described which allows tally segmentation. In combination with the ITS electron energy indexing algorithm, this estimator appears to reproduce ITS 3.0 and experimental results well. If, however, cell boundaries are used instead of segments, or if the MCNP indexing algorithm is applied, the agreement is considerably worse.
Gamma-ray constraints on maximum cosmogenic neutrino fluxes and UHECR source evolution models

The dip model assumes that the ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) above 1018 eV consist exclusively of protons and is consistent with the spectrum and composition measure by HiRes. Here we present the range of cosmogenic neutrino fluxes in the dip-model which are compatible with a recent determination of the extragalactic very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray diffuse background derived from 2.5 years of Fermi/LAT data. We show that the largest fluxes predicted in the dip model would be detectable by IceCube in about 10 years of observation and are within the reach of a few years of observation with the ARA project. In the incomplete UHECR model in which protons are assumed to dominate only above 1019 eV, the cosmogenic neutrino fluxes could be a factor of 2 or 3 larger. Any fraction of heavier nuclei in the UHECR at these energies would reduce the maximum cosmogenic neutrino fluxes. We also consider here special evolution models in which the UHECR sources are assumed to have the same evolution of either the star formation rate (SFR), or the gamma-ray burst (GRB) rate, or the active galactic nuclei (AGN) rate in the Universe and found that the last two are disfavored (and in the dip model rejected) by the new VHE gamma-ray background.
Gerenciamento de novas tecnologias em centro cirúrgico pelas enfermeiras nos hospitais de feira de Santana - Ba

Trata-se de estudo quantitativo exploratorio descritivo sobre o nivel de adequacao ao dominio das novas tecnologias (NADNT) das enfermeiras no gerenciamento de centro cirurgico em hospitais de Feira de Santana - BA - Brasil, 2002. Teve como objetivos: avaliar o NADNT das enfermeiras no gerenciamento de centro cirurgico (CC); identificar e descrever os fatores que interferem neste nivel, bem como propor acoes para o desenvolvimento deste nivel no gerenciamento de CC. Amostra constituida por 33 enfermeiras com experiencia de CC. Utlizou-se questionario para a coleta de dados. Conclui-se que o NADNT foi insatisfatorio por 54,5% dos sujeitos do estudo. Comprovou-se estatisticamente que a capacidade do hospital e a carga horaria sao fatores que interferem no dominio das novas tecnologias em CC.
Using a water-confined carbon nanotube to probe the electricity of sequential charged segments of macromolecules

The detection of macromolecular conformation is particularly important in many physical and biological applications. Here we theoretically explore a method for achieving this detection by probing the electricity of sequential charged segments of macromolecules. Our analysis is based on molecular dynamics simulations, and we investigate a single file of water molecules confined in a half-capped single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) with an external electric charge of +e or −e (e is the elementary charge). The charge is located in the vicinity of the cap of the SWCNT and along the centerline of the SWCNT. We reveal the picosecond timescale for the re-orientation (namely, from one unidirectional direction to the other) of the water molecules in response to a switch in the charge signal, −e → +e or +e → −e. Our results are well understood by taking into account the electrical interactions between the water molecules and between the water molecules and the external charge. Because such signals of re-orientation can be magnified and transported according to Tu et al. [2009 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106 18120], it becomes possible to record fingerprints of electric signals arising from sequential charged segments of a macromolecule, which are expected to be useful for recognizing the conformations of some particular macromolecules.
Observation of the Sagnac effect in a ring resonant interferometer with a low-coherence light source

A fibre-optic resonant ring interferometer with a low-coherent light source was investigated experimentally. The feasibility of measuring the parameters of ring cavities characterised by very narrow lines (of the order of tens of kilohertz) was demonstrated by using a broad-band light source and a retroreflecting Doppler mirror. The Sagnac effect was first observed in a ring resonant interferometer with a low-coherence light source. Modulation and compensation of the phase nonrecriprocity in a low-coherence resonant interferometer with the aid of an optical frequency shifter located outside a sensing fibre loop were observed experimentally.
The International Practical Temperature Scale of 1968 Amended Edition of 1975

The scale presented in this document was proposed by the International Committee of Weights and Measures in 1974 and adopted by the 15th General Conference of Weights and Measures in 1975. It constitutes only an amendment of the International Practical Temperature Scale of 1968 (IPTS-68), not a replacement. Any measured temperature, T68, remains unchanged by this amendment of the IPTS-68.
Control methods for electrical machines

The type of control system used for electrical machines depends on the use (nature of the load, operating states, etc.) to which the machine will be put. The precise type of use determines the control laws which apply. Mechanics are also very important because they affect performance. Another factor of essential importance in industrial applications is operating safety. Finally, the problem of how to control a number of different machines, whose interactions and outputs must be coordinated, is addressed and solutions are presented. These and other issues are addressed here by a range of expert contributors, each of whom are specialists in their particular field. This book is primarily aimed at those involved in complex systems design, but engineers in a range of related fields such as electrical engineering, instrumentation and control, and industrial engineering, will also find this a useful source of information.
Double‐ridged conical horn antenna for wideband applications

In this article, the design and analysis of a double‐ridged conical horn antenna with high gain and low cross polarization for wideband applications is presented. Double‐ridged pyramidal horn antennas have been investigated in many references. There are no papers in the literature which are devoted to design and analysis of double‐ridged conical horn antenna. The designed antenna has a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) less than 2.1 for the frequency range of 8–18 GHz. Moreover, the proposed antenna exhibits extremely low cross polarization, low side lobe level, high gain, and stable far‐field radiation characteristics in the entire operating bandwidth. A new technique for synthesizing of the horn flare section is introduced. A coaxial line to circular double‐ridged waveguide transition is introduced for coaxial feeding of the designed antenna. The proposed antenna is simulated with commercially available packages such as CST microwave studio and Ansoft HFSS in the operating frequency range. Simulation results for the VSWR, radiation patterns, and gain of the designed antenna over the frequency band 8–18 GHz are presented and discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2009.
Estimation of neutron mean wavelength from rocking curve data

At NIST, an in-beam neutron lifetime experiment is underway. In part of the experiment, a neutron detector is calibrated. The accuracy of the detector calibration depends, in part, on how accurately the mean wavelength of a neutron beam can be estimated from rocking curve data. Based on a stochastic model for neutron scattering, we simulate rocking curve data. To speed up the simulation, an importance sampling method is used. For the cases studied, importance sampling reduces the execution time of the simulation code by over a factor of 500. For simulated data, the statistical bias of the mean wavelength estimate is found to be 0.004%.