Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AAS 17-402 ADAPTIVE FILTERING FOR MANEUVER-FREE ANGLES-ONLY NAVIGATION IN ECCENTRIC ORBITS

This paper addresses the design and validation of accurate estimation architectures for autonomous angles-only navigation in orbits of arbitrary eccentricity. The proposed filtering strategies overcome the major deficiencies of existing approaches in the literature, which mainly focus on applications in near-circular orbits and generally suffer from poor dynamical observability due to linearizing the dynamics and measurement models implemented in the filter. Consequently, traditional angles-only navigation solutions require conducting known orbital maneuvers to reconcile the ambiguous relative range. In contrast, the algorithms developed in this work enable accurate maneuver-free reconstruction of the relative orbital motion. This is done through the full exploitation of nonlinearities in the measurement model using the unscented Kalman filter to improve dynamical observability and filter performance. The filter estimates mean relative orbit elements, adopting a state transition matrix subject to secular and long-period J2 perturbation effects to decouple observable from unobservable parameters. The complete state is then reconciled with the angle measurements in the measurement model through a nonlinear transformation which includes the conversion from mean to osculating orbital elements. The resulting linear dynamics model is supplemented by a covariance-matching approach to online adaptive process noise tuning to increase performance at minimal computational complexity. Finally, the estimation architecture is completed by a novel deterministic algorithm for batch initial relative orbit determination to accurately initialize the sequential filters.
Mechanisms of adult human β‐cell in vitro dedifferentiation and redifferentiation

Recent studies in animal models and human pathological specimens suggest the involvement of β‐cell dedifferentiation in β‐cell dysfunction associated with type 2 diabetes. Dedifferentiated β‐cells may be exploited for endogenous renewal of the β‐cell mass. However, studying human β‐cell dedifferentiation in diabetes presents major difficulties. We have analysed mechanisms involved in human β‐cell dedifferentiation in vitro, under conditions that allow cell proliferation. Although there are important differences between the two cellular environments, β‐cell dedifferentiation in the two conditions is likely to share a number of common pathways. Insights from the in vitro studies may lead to development of approaches for redifferentiation of endogenous dedifferentiated β‐cells.
Predictive Performance of prostate cancer risk in Chinese men using 33 reported prostate cancer risk‐associated SNPs

Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 30 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were reproducibly associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk in populations of European descent. In aggregate, these variants have shown potential to predict risk for PCa in European men. However, their utility for PCa risk prediction in Chinese men is unknown.
Posterior Glottic Fixation in Children

Vocal cord fixation from posterior glottic stenosis may produce progressive airway obstruction. Treatment involves scar excision with adjunctive procedures on healthy tissue, including arytenoidopexy, arytenoidectomy, cordectomy, and cordotomy. Twenty-five children with posterior glottic stenosis were studied; 6 had vocal cord fixation in the midline and 6 had limited vocal cord abduction. All were tracheotomy-dependent because of posterior glottic stenosis and secondary impairment of vocal cord mobility. All children were decannulated after scar incision and widening of the laryngeal framework with posterior cricoid split and stenting. Cartilage grafting was used in 11 patients to maintain an adequate glottic lumen. Ten regained full vocal cord mobility. One had limited adduction, while another's cords were refixed in the midline. A second procedure in the latter patient resulted in limited abduction. Aspiration did not occur in any of the patients, and the voice results were good. Scar incision with cricoid split, cartilage grafting, and stenting is an excellent method for treating posterior glottic fixation without destroying healthy tissue.
Successful use of rituximab in fibrillary glomerulopathy

Abstract Fibrillary glomerulopathy (FG) can occur either alone or co-existing with other proteinuric glomerular disorders. FG has been associated with poor renal outcomes leading to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Since FG is a relatively rare disorder, limited information is available concerning treatment protocols. We present two patients with FG who were treated with rituximab after they had already progressed to stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD) with worsening proteinuria. Rituximab therapy resulted in long-term stabilization of renal function.
Phosphotyrosine-dependent in vitro reconstitution of recombinant LAT-nucleated multiprotein signalling complexes on liposomes

Numerous cell surface receptors propagate activation signals to the interior of the cell via tyrosine phosphorylation of transmembrane proteins. This leads to the phosphotyrosine (PiY)-mediated recruitment of cytoplasmic signalling protein complexes which catalyze crucial biochemical signalling reactions. Here we describe the first in vitro reconstitution of such PiY-nucleated protein complexes on an artificial lipid membrane. A tyrosine phosphorylated recombinant variant of the transmembrane adaptor protein Linker for Activation of T cells (PiYLAT) was anchored in liposomes. These PiYLAT proteoliposomes specifically recruited cooperative high avidity signalling protein complexes from Jurkat cytosol. Nucleation of signalling protein assemblies readily occurred on PiYLAT liposomes composed of phosphatidylserine, but not on PiYLAT liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine. Purified recombinant grb2 alone did not stably associate with tyrosine phosphorylated LAT proteoliposomes. However, when grb2 was presented to the PiYLAT proteoliposomes in the context of Jurkat cytosol it was incorporated into multiprotein signalling complexes. Together the data suggest that these reconstituted high-avidity signalling protein complexes represent a cooperative protein network. This novel in vitro approach offers a novel technology permitting biochemical, structural, and pharmacological analyses of plasma membrane receptor signalling complexes.
Maximum Likelihood Decoding of Low Density Parity Check Coded Subcarrier Modulation in Optical Wireless Systems

We propose low density parity check (LDPC) coded optical wireless communication systems with multiple subcarrier modulation (BPSK and QPSK). Upper bounds on the bit-error rate (BER) for maximum likelihood (ML) decoding of LDPC coded systems have been obtained on atmospheric optical channels where the effects of the scintillation exist. We also show that LDPC coded atmospheric optical systems have better BER than turbo coded atmospheric optical systems
Risk Factors for Alzheimer Disease: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in Istanbul, Turkey

The objective is to study risk factors for Alzheimer disease (AD) in Istanbul, Turkey. This is a population-based case-control study. We screened people over age 70 in the community for cognitive impairment. The screen positives and a proportion of screen negatives underwent neurologic examination in the second phase. Cases were 57 “probable” AD patients and controls were 127 cognitively normal individuals identified by neurologic examination. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Having a university/college degree had a protective effect on AD risk (OR = 0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.02–0.50). Exposure to occupational electromagnetic field had an OR of 4.02 (95% CI = 1.02–15.78). Use of electricity for residential heating also showed elevated risk (OR = 2.77, 95% CI = 1.12–6.85). Our results suggest that having a higher education is protective from AD and that electromagnetic field exposure at work or at home is a significant risk factor.
Modulation of IL‐1 Receptor Antagonist and TNF‐Soluble Receptors Produced by Alveolar Macrophages and Blood Monocytes

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) can release inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-la ( ILla j , P , or tumor necrosis factor-a ( T N F a ) in the alveoli and into the airways. AMs not only produce an IL-I inhibitor that acts as a receptor antagonist,’,? they also release T N F inhibitors that are TNF-soluble receptors that inactivate the ligand, and thus upor downregulating immune and inflammatory processes. The final biological result depends on the relative amount of proinflammatory cytokines and their respective inhibitors produced. The nature of these inhibitory substances and some aspects of the regulation of their production are reviewed in the following.
Chemical Composition of the Leaf Essential Oil of Casimiroa Edulis La Llave & Lex. (Rutaceae) from Monteverde, Costa Rica

The leaf essential oil of Casimiroa edulis (Rutaceae), collected from Monteverde, Costa Rica, has been obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. The leaf oil was dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, predominately germacrene D (16-22%) and (E)-caryophyllene (16-17%), consistent with the traditional use of this plant as a sedative, sleep inducer and hypotensive.
BMI 1 and MEL 18 Promote Colitis-Associated Cancer in Mice via REG 3 B and STAT 3

Abbreviations used in this paper: AOM, azoxymethane; BMI1, BMI1 protooncogene, polycomb ring finger; BrdU, 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine; CAC, colitis-associated cancer; ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation; Co-IP, co-immunoprecipitation; DSS, dextran sulfate sodium; IEC, intestinal epithelial cell; IP, intraperitoneal; JAK, janus kinase; KO, knockout; MEL18, polycomb group ring finger 2; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; PcG, polycomb group; RT-PCR, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction; SEM, standard error of the mean; WT, wild-type.
Folic Acid Supplementation for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects: An Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Importance Neural tube defects are among the most common congenital anomalies in the United States. Periconceptional folic acid supplementation is a primary care–relevant preventive intervention. Objective To review the evidence on folic acid supplementation for preventing neural tube defects to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force for an updated Recommendation Statement. Data Sources MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and trial registries through January 28, 2016, with ongoing surveillance through November 11, 2016; references; experts. Study Selection English-language studies of folic acid supplementation in women. Excluded were poor-quality studies; studies of prepubertal girls, men, women without the potential for childbearing, and neural tube defect recurrence; and studies conducted in developing countries. Data Extraction and Synthesis Two investigators independently reviewed abstracts, full-text articles, and risk of bias of included studies. One investigator extracted data and a second checked accuracy. Because of heterogeneity, data were not pooled. Main Outcomes and Measures Neural tube defects, harms of treatment (twinning, respiratory outcomes). Results A total of 24 studies (N > 58 860) were included. In 1 randomized clinical trial from Hungary initiated in 1984, incidence of neural tube defects for folic acid supplementation compared with trace element supplementation was 0% vs 0.25% (Peto odds ratio [OR], 0.13 [95% CI, 0.03-0.65]; n = 4862). Odds ratios from cohort studies recruiting participants between 1984 and 1996 demonstrated beneficial associations and ranged from 0.11 to 0.27 (n = 19 982). Three of 4 case-control studies with data from 1976 through 1998 reported ORs ranging from 0.6 to 0.7 (n > 7121). Evidence of benefit led to food fortification in the United States beginning in 1998, after which no new prospective studies have been conducted. More recent case-control studies drawing from data collected after 1998 have not demonstrated a protective association consistently with folic acid supplementation, with ORs ranging from 0.93 to 1.4 and confidence intervals spanning the null (n > 13 990). Regarding harms, 1 trial (OR, 1.40 [95% CI, 0.89-2.21]; n = 4767) and 1 cohort study (OR, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.91-1.18]; n = 2620) found no statistically significant increased risk of twinning. Three systematic reviews found no consistent evidence of increased risk of asthma (OR, 1.06 [95% CI, 0.99-1.14]; n = 14 438), wheezing, or allergy. Conclusions and Relevance In studies conducted before the initiation of food fortification in the United States in 1998, folic acid supplementation provided protection against neural tube defects. Newer postfortification studies have not demonstrated a protective association but have the potential for misclassification and recall bias, which can attenuate the measured association of folic acid supplementation with neural tube defects.
CD62L Is Critical for Maturation and Accumulation of Murine Hepatic NK Cells in Response to Viral Infection

NK cells play critical roles in the first line of defense against viruses and other pathogens. However, the factors that control NK cell recruitment into local sites to exert effector functions during viral infection remain poorly understood. In this study, we found that murine NK cells in various organs could be divided into CD62L− and CD62L+ subsets, the latter of which were less abundant in the liver and exhibited a relatively mature NK cell phenotype and a stronger cytotoxic function. Moreover, NK cells acquired CD62L expression after birth, and the frequency of CD62L+ NK cells gradually increased during postnatal development. In models of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid administration and adenovirus infection in vivo, CD62L+ NK cell frequency and absolute numbers in the liver rapidly and markedly increased as a result of the augmented differentiation of CD62L− to CD62L+ NK cells and recruitment of peripheral mature NK cells to the liver. However, blocking CD62L prior to administering viral stimuli in vivo abolished viral stimulation–induced NK cell accumulation and maturation in the liver. Collectively, these data suggest that CD62L marks a mature NK cell subset, as well as affects the magnitude of the local NK cell response to viral infection.
Characteristics of a Large Cluster of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in an Australian Hospital

Abstract Investigation of a cluster of hospital inpatients colonized with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) revealed a point-prevalence of 19.1%. The outbreak was controlled using established guidelines and additional strategies, including minimizing patient transfers and enforcing appropriate antibiotic prescribing. The incidence of VRE has remained low during the ensuing 30 months.
Development of a Location Based Service for technician allocation

One of the things that helps businesses to succeed is their response time to customer service requests. The less time a service provider takes to deliver a service to its clients the more efficient the service provider will be and also will be the most preferred by clients. Location Based Services utilize location information to deliver the service they are developed for. In this paper, we present a location based service that we have developed and which allocates technicians to customers based on the technician's proximity to a customer. The system works in a way that technicians use a mobile device to communicate their location and also their work status with the dispatcher. The dispatcher uses a Web based application to view both technicians and clients on a map using Google Map APIv3. The system can be used by technical service delivering companies such as Eskom and Telkom. It can also be used by any company with related service requirement.
The prevalence and incidence of dementia with Lewy bodies: a systematic review of population and clinical studies

Background Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is increasingly recognized as a common cause of dementia in older people. However, its true frequency remains unclear, with previous studies reporting a prevalence range from zero to 22.8% of all dementia cases. This review aimed to establish the population prevalence and incidence for DLB and to compare this to its prevalence in secondary care settings. Method A literature review of all relevant population and clinical studies was conducted using PubMed. Additional references from papers found during that process were added to this. Results DLB accounted for 4.2% of all diagnosed dementias in the community. In secondary care this increased to 7.5%. The incidence of DLB was 3.8% of new dementia cases. There was a significant increase in DLB diagnoses when using the revised (2005) International Consensus Criteria (ICC) for DLB compared to the original (1996) criteria. Conclusions DLB currently accounts for around one in 25 dementia cases diagnosed in the community and one in 13 cases in secondary care. The significantly higher rates of DLB in secondary care may reflect enhanced diagnostic accuracy in specialist settings and/or the increased morbidity and carer burden of the DLB syndrome compared to other dementias. However, the true prevalence is likely to be much higher because DLB diagnoses are often missed, although there is evidence that new criteria aid case identification.
Attribute weight entropy regularization in fuzzy C-means algorithm for feature selection

In many applications, a cluster structure in a given dataset is often confined to a subset of features rather than the entire feature set. One of the main problems is how to make use of all the features effectively and adequately to discover structures. By using weighted dissimilarity measure and adding weight entropy regularization term to the objective function, a novel fuzzy c-means algorithm is developed for clustering and feature selection. It can automatically calculate the weights of all attributes in each cluster, and simultaneously minimizes the within cluster dispersion and maximizes the attribute weight entropy to stimulate attributes to contribute to the identification of clusters. Experiments on real world datasets show the effectiveness of this algorithm compared with other well known clustering algorithms.
Comparison of the release profile and pharmacokinetics of intact and fragmented dexamethasone intravitreal implants in rabbit eyes.

PURPOSE Dexamethasone intravitreal implant (DEX implant, Ozurdex(®); Allergan, Inc.) is used to treat noninfectious posterior uveitis and macular edema associated with retinal vein occlusion and diabetic retinopathy. Two recently published reports of DEX implant fragmentation shortly after injection have raised concerns about the potential for faster implant dissolution and elevated ocular dexamethasone concentrations. This study compared the in vivo release profile and pharmacokinetic behavior of intact and fragmented DEX implants. METHODS DEX implant was surgically implanted as a single unit or fragmented into 3 pieces in the posterior segment of opposing eyes of 36 New Zealand white rabbits. The release of dexamethasone over time from 1-piece and 3-piece fragmented implants dissolved in solution in vitro was compared with that from the 1-piece and 3-piece fragmented implants placed in the rabbit eyes. In addition, dexamethasone concentrations in the vitreous and aqueous humors of each eye were measured at 3 h and days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28. High-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were used for assays. RESULTS Dexamethasone release from the 1-piece and 3-piece DEX implants in vivo was not different and was consistent with the in vitro release pattern. Moreover, the concentration profile of dexamethasone in the vitreous and aqueous humors was similar for the 1-piece and 3-piece DEX implants at each time point measured. CONCLUSIONS DEX implant fragmentation neither accelerated its dissolution nor increased the dexamethasone concentration delivered at a given time. Accordingly, DEX implant fragmentation is unlikely to have clinically significant effects in patients.
Replication of 13q31.1 association in nonsyndromic cleft lip with cleft palate in Europeans

Genome wide association (GWA) studies have successfully identified at least a dozen loci associated with orofacial clefts. However, these signals may be unique to specific populations and require replication to validate and extend findings as a prelude to etiologic SNP discovery. We attempted to replicate the findings of a recent meta‐analysis of orofacial cleft GWA studies using four different ancestral populations. We studied 946 pedigrees (3,436 persons) of European (US white and Danish) and Asian (Japanese and Mongolian) origin. We genotyped six SNPs that represented the most significant P‐value associations identified in published studies: rs742071 (1p36), rs7590268 (2p21), rs7632427 (3p11.1), rs12543318 (8q21.3), rs8001641 (13q31.1), and rs7179658 (15q22.2). We directly sequenced three non‐coding conserved regions 200 kb downstream of SPRY2 in 713 cases, 438 controls, and 485 trios from the US, Mongolia, and the Philippines. We found rs8001641 to be significantly associated with nonsyndromic cleft lip with cleft palate (NSCLP) in Europeans (P‐value = 4 × 10−5, ORtransmission = 1.86 with 95% confidence interval: 1.38–2.52). We also found several novel sequence variants in the conserved regions in Asian and European samples, which may help to localize common variants contributing directly to the risk for NSCLP. This study confirms the prior association between rs8001641 and NSCLP in European populations. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of analytic variations in creatinine measurements on the classification of renal disease using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)

Abstract Background: This study uses the Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometer-Traceable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation to evaluate the effects of analytic variation of serum creatinine on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The equation was inverted to provide critical creatinine levels corresponding to eGFRs equal to 15, 30, and 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Methods: eGFRs were calculated for two populations of patients representing clinic outpatients and hospitalized inpatients. Simulation studies evaluated the effects of analytic bias for these populations. Differences between creatinine tests ordered on consecutive blood draws were analyzed for within-subject eGFR variation. Finally, propagation of error techniques established the relationship between creatinine imprecision and eGFR imprecision. Results: eGFR of 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 corresponds to creatinine levels of 80–156 μmol/L. A 20-μmol/L negative shift of creatinine approximately doubles the percentage of patients classified in various stages of decreased renal function, whereas a positive shift approximately halves the percentage. The central 95% limits for within-subject variation of eGFR are 33% for outpatients, 38% for inpatients and 40% across the groups. eGFR imprecision is approximately 15%–20% higher than creatinine imprecision. Conclusions: Small analytic changes in serum creatinine create major shifts in the distributions of eGFR, which can cause large differences in the classification of patients. The within-subject variations in eGFR over time, especially between hospital and clinic measurements, can be large. Therefore, tight control of laboratory analysis is important. Clin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:737–41.