Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A access-based clustering protocol for multihop wireless ad hoc networks

The ad hoc network is a temporary wireless system without a fixed (wired or wireless) infrastructure. Many clustering algorithms have been proposed to partition mobile users into clusters to support routing and network management. Most previous studies, however, focus on algorithm design, lacking an overall evaluation of clustering overheads. We design a multiple access scheme for the broadcast of control messages, and propose a new access-based clustering protocol (ABCP) whose cluster formation is heavily influenced by the outcome of the multiple access. By taking into account many delicate aspects in the clustering process, the ABCP provides a generic, flexible, rapidly deployed and stable cluster architecture for the upper layer protocols. Simulation is used to compare ABCP with the other clustering strategy in terms of cluster stability and overheads. Since ABCP makes clustering decision directly based on the result of channel access, it requires fewer control overheads and has shorter convergence time than the other clustering criteria. We also demonstrate that the resulting cluster structure by ABCP behaves stable in face of topology changes.
Asymmetry of the Active Site Loop Conformation between Subunits of Glutamate-1-semialdehyde Aminomutase in Solution

Glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminomutase (GSAM) is a dimeric, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)- dependent enzyme catalysing in plants and some bacteria the isomerization of L-glutamate-1-semialdehyde to 5-aminolevulinate, a common precursor of chlorophyll, haem, coenzyme B12, and other tetrapyrrolic compounds. During the catalytic cycle, the coenzyme undergoes conversion from pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate (PMP) to PLP. The entrance of the catalytic site is protected by a loop that is believed to switch from an open to a closed conformation during catalysis. Crystallographic studies indicated that the structure of the mobile loop is related to the form of the cofactor bound to the active site, allowing for asymmetry within the dimer. Since no information on structural and functional asymmetry of the enzyme in solution is available in the literature, we investigated the active site accessibility by determining the cofactor fluorescence quenching of PMP- and PLP-GSAM forms. PLP-GSAM is partially quenched by potassium iodide, suggesting that at least one catalytic site is accessible to the anionic quencher and therefore confirming the asymmetry observed in the crystal structure. Iodide induces release of the cofactor from PMP-GSAM, apparently from only one catalytic site, therefore suggesting an asymmetry also in this form of the enzyme in solution, in contrast with the crystallographic data.
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis.

This is a retrospective and follow-up study of 110 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis under observation in various clinics of the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, for almost 30 years. The description of disease progress is based upon measurements made at two specific intervals—the first visit and the final follow-up examination conducted in 1956-1959. Information, available in the hospital record and upon personal interviews, was also obtained. In all instances, disease onset was before the age of 14. The average follow-up intervals was 9.3 years. Study of a properly matched group of control children was not feasible. In reviewing the ensuing material, we have chosen to emphasize the noteworthy features; in closing, we shall offer some constructive critical comments. A direct, succinct, and generally lucid style characterizes this short monograph. The tables, charts, and illustrations are clear; the reproductions of x-rays are unusually fine. An interesting and well-written description of
Utility Model for On-Demand Digital Content

Rapid and converging technological advances in computing, communications, and consumer electronics have caused an explosion in the generation, processing, storage, transmission, and consumption of enormous amounts of digital content. Analysts expect these trends to accelerate in the near future and to have profound effects on content delivery and consumption. The term content generally refers to movies, songs, news, or educational material that spans various application domains, including personal entertainment, business, and education and training. The technology model currently used to supply this content seems inefficient and ineffective today. Newer models must be developed to support the ubiquitous, transparent, and cost-effective on-demand delivery of digital content, as driven by user preferences. We propose a content-utility system model for digital content delivery and consumption that resembles traditional utilities such as electrical power and water supply systems.
Relationship between energy balance and complications after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND Subarachnoid hemorrhage patients are hypermetabolic and at risk for developing medical complications. A relationship was hypothesized between energy balance and complications following subarachnoid hemorrhage. METHODS Fifty-eight consecutive poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage patients (mean age, 58; range, 26-86; 66% women) were studied between 2005 and 2007. Caloric intake and energy expenditure were assessed. In-hospital complications over the first 14 days posthemorrhage were defined as renal failure, fever (>38.3 degrees C), any infection, anemia, hyperglycemia (>11 mmol/L), and myocardial infarction. Energy balance was calculated by subtracting energy expenditure from caloric intake. RESULTS Enteral nutrition was begun 1 day posthemorrhage (range, 0-5 days). Recommended (mean +/- SD) caloric intake was 28 +/- 3 kcal/kg/d, and the actual was 14 +/- 5 kcal/kg/d. Enteral nutrition accounted for 67% of caloric intake; propofol and dextrose infusions accounted for 33% of caloric intake. Cumulative energy balance over the first 7 days was -117 +/- 53 kcal/kg. The average energy balance during the first 7 days after subarachnoid hemorrhage significantly correlated with the total number of infectious complications (r = -0.5, P < .001) but not medical complications (r = -0.2, P = .1). After adjustment for Hunt-Hess grade, fever, hyperglycemia, and anemia, negative energy balance during the first 7 days after subarachnoid hemorrhage correlated with the number of infectious complications (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS Infectious complications after subarachnoid hemorrhage are associated with negative energy balance. Studies are needed to better understand the impact of negative energy balance on outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Prognostic value of the postcoital test: prospective study based on time‐specific conception rates

Summary. Time‐specific conception rates were studied prospectively after a carefully validated post‐coital test (PCT) in a consecutive series of 80 ovulatory women without any pelvic or seminal cause for their previous infertility. The PCT was performed on endocervical mucus collected 6–18 h after intercourse. The definition of a negative result, indicated by the absence of forward‐moving sperm, depended on the finding being repeated in a second cycle and on the presence each time of fully developed mucus, indicated simply by its abundance, ductility and clarity. The time to conception was inversely related to the number of motile sperm seen. Simpler analysis showed a fivefold greater chance of conception associated with a positive compared with a negative PCT; after 2 years the cumulative conception rates were 84 and 16% respectively.
An exploration of quality of life and the experience of living with home parenteral nutrition.

INTRODUCTION The aim of this research was to achieve a deeper understanding of the experience of adults living with home parenteral nutrition (PN) and to define their quality of life (QOL). METHODS The research design was qualitative, using content and interpretative phenomenological analysis. The sample included adults with intestinal failure, stratified by length of home PN dependency. Sampling continued until data saturation was achieved. A second reviewer independently coded a subset of narratives (kappa = 0.684). RESULTS Participants included 24 adults receiving home PN because of short bowel syndrome (95.8%) and pseudo-obstruction (4.2%). Twenty-five percent received PN for < 2 years, 20.8% for 2-5 years, 25% for 5-10 years, and 29.2% for > 10 years. Respondents viewed home PN as a "lifeline" and "nutritional safety net. " QOL was defined as "enjoying life"; "being happy, satisfied, or content with life"; and "being able to do what you want to do, when you want to do it. " Participants described their QOL as "good" to "wonderful. " Lifestyle was affected by health, stamina, diarrhea, having an ostomy, and the amount of flexibility there was with the infusion schedule. There was a strong desire to achieve normalcy in life among all participants. CONCLUSIONS Qualitative methodology provides new insights and richness of data regarding adults receiving home PN. The positive description of QOL in this study contrasts with the published nutrition literature. It is important for healthcare practitioners to understand and discuss the realities of home PN and lifestyle adaptation.
Processor-Ring Communication: A Tight Asymptotic Bound on Packet Waiting Times

We consider N processors communicating unidirectionally over a closed transmission channel, or ring. Each message is assembled into a fixed-length packet. Packets to be sent are generated at random times by the processors, and the transit times spent by packets on the ring are also random. Packets being forwarded, i.e., packets already on the ring, have priority over waiting packets. The objective of this paper is to analyze packet waiting times under a greedy policy within a discrete Markov model that retains the overall structure of a practical system but is simple enough so that explicit results can be proved. Independent, identical Bernoulli processes model message generation at the processors, and independently and identically distributed (i.i.d.) geometric random variables model the transit times. Our emphasis is on asymptotic behavior for large ring sizes, $N$, when the respective rate parameters have the scaling $\lambda /N$ and $\mu /N$. Our main result shows that, if the traffic intensity is fixed at $\rho = \lambda / \mu < 1$, then as $N \to \infty$ the expected time a message waits to be put on the ring is bounded by a constant. This result verifies that the expected waiting time under the greedy policy is within a constant factor of that under an optimal policy.
Discrimination of speaker size from syllable phrasesa)

The length of the vocal tract is correlated with speaker size and, so, speech sounds have information about the size of the speaker in a form that is interpretable by the listener. A wide range of different vocal tract lengths exist in the population and humans are able to distinguish speaker size from the speech. Smith et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117, 305–318 (2005)] presented vowel sounds to listeners and showed that the ability to discriminate speaker size extends beyond the normal range of speaker sizes which suggests that information about the size and shape of the vocal tract is segregated automatically at an early stage in the processing. This paper reports an extension of the size discrimination research using a much larger set of speech sounds, namely, 180 consonant-vowel and vowel-consonant syllables. Despite the pronounced increase in stimulus variability, there was actually an improvement in discrimination performance over that supported by vowel sounds alone. Performance with vowel-consonant syllables was slightly better than with consonant-vowel syllables. These results support the hypothesis that information about the length of the vocal tract is segregated at an early stage in auditory processing.
Healthcare Literacy: Multiple Perspectives Grounded in the Experience of Mexican American Caregivers

Cancer caregivers in Mexican American families experience role-related challenges influenced by limited healthcare literacy. The lack of functional health literacy becomes complex when Mexican Americans have limited English proficiency (LEP) and cultural beliefs that contrast with those of the American healthcare system. Three sequential studies focused on assessing the experience of Mexican American, female cancer caregivers, including their role learning needs; evaluating available community learning materials; and identifying healthcare provider perceptions of caregiver learning needs. Study findings provide direction to improve the process and content of teaching to caregivers with LEP and other caregivers facing the crisis of cancer. Practice recommendations focus on development of targeted learning materials appropriate to caregiver-identified learning needs, language, and education level. Priority learning needs include strategies to meet patient needs for home medication administration, nutrition, and psychological support. Caregiver-preferred formats for learning include videotapes in a family-assisted setting and oral exchanges with other caregivers and care providers. Bilingual clinic personnel who partner with Mexican American family caregivers to address their literacy issues support positive health outcomes in this vulnerable population. Healthcare Literacy: Multiple Perspectives Grounded in the Experience of Mexican American Caregivers
MusicBrainz: A Semantic Web Service

Music has always caught the public's imagination. From dreams of a giant "jukebox in the sky" over the Information Superhighway to the debate about Napster, music has always been the "killer app" used to describe new technologies. Of course, these dreams have never quite come about as planned. Instead of a smart machine seeking out music tuned to my tastes, I still have only a small number of choices on my radio dial. And ever since Napster started filtering, sharing music on the Internet has become increasingly difficult. One thing that underlies these ideas is their dependency on metadata, or data about data. Metadata provides information about artists, song titles, and so on. All that information is attached to the music, but isn't part of it. The music world suffers from a lack of standardization in terms of metadata formats, as well as a paucity of public metadata. The MusicBrainz project hopes to change this situation. It's a large database of music metadata, and even though it's only in beta testing right now, it already contains over 300,000 tracks. MusicBrainz information is all user-contributed, providing what some have termed the "cornucopia of the commons. " Unlike many situations, where each user decreases the value of the shared space (the so-called "tragedy of the commons"), the easy duplication of electronic information creates a situation where each user makes the system more valuable.
The case for MR‐compatible robotics: a review of the state of the art

The numerous imaging capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) coupled with its lack of ionizing radiation has made it a desirable modality for real‐time guidance of interventional procedures. The combination of these abilities with the advantages granted by robotic systems to perform accurate and precise positioning of tools has driven the recent development of MR‐compatible interventional and assistive devices.
Retrospective survey of avian influenza H5N1 infection in Northern Vietnam by using a combinational serologic assay

Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus have occurred in Vietnam since 2003. However, how people got avian H5N1 infection in Northern Vietnam is still unclear. We therefore performed a combination of the serologic assays H5N1 ELISA and H5 western blot to detect anti-H5N1 specific antibodies. Sera samples of 149 subjects with suspected H5N1 infection from three provinces of Northern Vietnam were collected from September 2006 to March 2007. Our results indicated that this combinational assay showed high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (95%) when compared with hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) assay. Fifty-one sera samples (34.2%) contained specific antibodies against H5N1 viruses. Poultry raisers (32/77; 41.6%) showed higher H5N1 infection rates than slaughterers (12/41; 29.3%) and health care workers (7/31; 22.6%). Contact history with sick or dead poultry in household or slaughter-house (p < 0.05) and lack of protective equipment use when in contact with dead poultry (p < 0.05) were risk factors found to be associated with H5N1 infection. In this study, we established an alternative serologic assay for H5N1 diagnosis, and we hereby present seroepidemiologic data of H5N1 infection in Northern Vietnam.
Surviving Global Software Development

Software development involves teamwork and a lot of communication. It seems rational to put all your engineers in one place, encourage them to share objectives, and let the project run. Why use distributed sites when it's easier to work in one location without the overhead of remote communication and planning? How is it possible to survive (and succeed with) globally dispersed projects? Working in a global context has its advantages, but it also has drawbacks. On the plus side, you gain time-zone effectiveness and reduced cost in various countries. However, working on a globally distributed project means operating costs for planning and managing people, along with language and cultural barriers. It also creates jealousy as the more expensive engineers (who are afraid of losing their jobs) are forced to train their much cheaper counterparts. In this case study, we try to summarize experiences and share best practices from projects of different types and sizes that involve several locations on different continents and in many cultures.
Türkçenin Yabancı Dil Olarak Öğretiminde Alfabe Sorunu

Bu calismanin amaci, yabancilarin Turkce ogrenirken yasadiklari alfabe sorununun hangi boyutlarda oldugunu ortaya koymak, yasanan sikintilara yonelik cozum onerileri sunmaktir. Alan yazinina bakildiginda bircok calismada yabancilara Turkce ogretiminde alfabe sorunundan bahsedildigi fakat konunun bagimsiz olarak ele alinmadigi gorulmustur. Bu dogrultuda, Ataturk Universitesi Dil Egitimi Uygulama ve Arastirma Merkezinde, Gaziantep Universitesi Turkce Ogretimi Uygulama ve Arastirma Merkezinde ve Firat Universitesi Dil Egitim-Ogretim ve Arastirma Merkezinde Turkce ogrenen C1 duzeyindeki 45 yabanci ogrenciye 8 maddelik yari yapilandirilmis gorusme formu uygulanmis ve dikte yontemiyle metin yazdirilmistir. Elde edilen veriler dogrultusunda ogrencilerin cogunlugunun Turk alfabesinde yer alan a, e, i, i, o, o, u, u, c, c, g, l, s, y
Central nervous system alterations caused by infection with the human respiratory syncytial virus

Worldwide, the human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the leading cause of infant hospitalization because of acute respiratory tract infections, including severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Despite intense research, to date there is neither vaccine nor treatment available to control hRSV disease burden globally. After infection, an incubation period of 3–5 days is usually followed by symptoms, such as cough and low‐grade fever. However, hRSV infection can also produce a larger variety of symptoms, some of which relate to the individual's age at infection. Indeed, infants can display severe symptoms, such as dyspnea and chest wall retractions. Upon examination, crackles and wheezes are also common features that suggest infection by hRSV. Additionally, infection in infants younger than 1 year is associated with several non‐specific symptoms, such as failure to thrive, periodic breathing or apnea, and feeding difficulties that usually require hospitalization. Recently, neurological symptoms have also been associated with hRSV respiratory infection and include seizures, central apnea, lethargy, feeding or swallowing difficulties, abnormalities in muscle tone, strabismus, abnormalities in the CSF, and encephalopathy. Here, we discuss recent findings linking the neurological, extrapulmonary effects of hRSV with infection and functional impairment of the CNS. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using march tests to test SRAMs

A unified notation is presented for static random access memory (SRAM) fault models and fault tests for these models. The likelihood that the different types of faults will occur is demonstrated using inductive fault analysis and physical defect analysis. A set of march tests is discussed, together with methods to make composite tests for collections of fault tapes. Empirical results showing the fault coverage of the different test enable SRAM users to choose the fault models of interest as well as the test. <<ETX>>
Encrypted Data Management with Deduplication in Cloud Computing

Cloud computing plays an important role in supporting data storage, processing, and management in the Internet of Things (IoT). To preserve cloud data confidentiality and user privacy, cloud data are often stored in an encrypted form. However, duplicated data that are encrypted under different encryption schemes could be stored in the cloud, which greatly decreases the utilization rate of storage resources, especially for big data. Several data deduplication schemes have recently been proposed. However, most of them suffer from security weakness and lack of flexibility to support secure data access control. Therefore, few can be deployed in practice. This article proposes a scheme based on attribute-based encryption (ABE) to deduplicate encrypted data stored in the cloud while also supporting secure data access control. The authors evaluate the scheme's performance based on analysis and implementation. Results show the efficiency, effectiveness, and scalability of the scheme for potential practical deployment.
Physical Compatibility of Sodium Glycerophosphate and Calcium Gluconate in Pediatric Parenteral Nutrition Solutions.

BACKGROUND The solubility of inorganic calcium and phosphate in parenteral solutions can be complicated in pediatrics due to the dosing of calcium and phosphorus at the saturation point. The purpose of this study was to test the solubility of sodium glycerophosphate (NaGP) with calcium gluconate in pediatric parenteral nutrition (PN) solutions. METHODS Five PN solutions were compounded by adding calcium gluconate at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mEq/L and corresponding concentrations of NaGP at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mmol/L. Each of the 5 solutions was compounded using 1.5% and 4% amino acids, cysteines, and lipids. Compatibility was evaluated by visual inspection (precipitation, haze, and color change). Solutions were evaluated microscopically for any microcrystals and measured by a turbidimeter for changes in turbidity. Solutions were further analyzed using United States Pharmacopeia 788 standards. Six hundred seventy-one PN solutions were compounded at various concentrations and evaluated for visual stability. RESULTS Compatibility testing showed no changes in the PN solution in any of the concentrations tested. Microscopically, no microcrystals were detected. The turbidimeter measurements had changes of ≤ 0.14 nephelometric turbidity units for all test solutions. There were no visual changes in any of the 671 PN solutions. CONCLUSION It is recommended that NaGP replace sodium phosphate in PN solutions. This would eliminate the concern of calcium and phosphorus precipitation and the need of any saturation curves.