Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Text Categorization Based on Key Phrases

Improvement in text categorization lies not on algorithm of classing model,but on the fundamental element: integrated and independent feature of text representation.Key phrases are phrase that have strong text representation function,can characterize text content such as subject and kind.With steady structure,integrated meaning and statistical significance,Key phrases can overcome the limitation of VSM(Vector Space Model) and NB(Naive-Bayes),are fit for feature of text representation,and are propitious to improving effect of text categorization.From linguistics,cognitive psychology and computational linguistics,we searched the base of theory of Key phrases' advantage, defined Key phrases,and acquired them by extracting keywords labeled by specialist in web pages.The experiment proved that Key phrases are fitter for feature of text representation than words: Micro F1 increase of 3.1 percent of parent-category,Micro F1 increase of 15 percent of sub-category.
Modelling multiseasonal preferential transport of dissolved organic carbon in a shallow forest soil: Equilibrium versus kinetic sorption

Parameterization of transformation and transport processes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soils is challenging especially under variable hydrological conditions. In this study, DOC concentrations in stormflow were analysed with a physically based modelling approach. A one‐dimensional dual‐continuum vertical flow and transport model was applied to simulate subsurface processes in a macroporous forest hillslope soil over a period of 4.5 years. Microbially mediated transformations of DOC were assumed to depend primarily on soil moisture and soil temperature. Two conceptually different descriptions of the sorption of DOC to soil were examined with equilibrium and kinetic approaches. In order to quantify the uncertainties associated with the model parameterization, Monte Carlo analyses in conjunction with Latin hypercube sampling was performed. Despite the complexity of microbial transformations, the simulated temporal patterns of DOC concentrations in stormflow showed similar behaviour to those reflected in the observed DOC fluxes. Due to preferential flow, the hillslope DOC export (5.0 ± 0.5 g C · m−2 · year−1) was higher than the amounts usually reported in the literature. Overall DOC transport in hillslope scenarios could be described appropriately using the equilibrium sorption assumption. The performed analyses showed that the inclusion of the kinetic description of DOC sorption only slightly improved the predictions of the DOC hillslope export. Moreover, influences of seasonal hydro‐climatological conditions on hillslope export of DOC could be observed. Reduced DOC transport during an extreme warm and dry summer was described with lower accuracy, thus indicating the difficulties in the representation of DOC transformations under dry conditions.
Trajectory Tracking Control of an Underwater Swimming Manipulator with State Constraints

The underwater swimming manipulator is a new type of underwater vehicle manipulator composed of an underwater snake robot and several thrusters. In this paper, trajectory tracking control is considered for the USM system with state constraints and model uncertainties. The barrier Lyapunov function combined with the backstepping method is introduced to design an adaptive controller to guarantee the state constraints satisfaction. The radial basis function neural networks are employed to approximate the unknown system parameters and external disturbances to enhance the robustness of the system. By Lyapunov stability theory analysis, it is proved that the closed-loop system is semi-globally uniformly bounded. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified with simulation.
Properties of Arctic Aerosol Based on Sun Photometer Long-Term Measurements in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard

On the basis of sun photometer measurements located at the German-French polar research base AWIPEV in Ny-Ålesund ( 78.923 ° N, 11.928 ° E), Svalbard, long-term changes (2001–2017) of aerosol properties in the European Arctic are analyzed with the main focus on physical aerosol properties like Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and the Ångström exponent during the Arctic haze season in spring compared with summer and autumn months. In order to gain more information from the photometer data and to reduce the error of fitting the data to the Ångström law, a new approach with an Ångström exponent, which depends linearly on wavelength, is presented in this paper. With the Mie program of libRadtran, a calculator for long- and short-wave radiation through the Earth’s atmosphere, artificial aerosol size distributions were created to extend the physical understanding of this modified Ångström law. Monthly means of the measured AOD of the years 1994–2017 are presented to analyze long-term changes of aerosol properties and its load. Because photometer data in general have no height information, a comparison with a Lidar located at the same site is presented. The so-obtained data are then compared with the previous Mie calculus. More homogeneous aerosol properties were found during spring and more heterogeneous in summer. To study possible aerosol sources and sinks, five-day back-trajectories were calculated with the FLEXPART model at three different arriving heights at 11 UTC in the village Ny-Ålesund. Besides the pollution pathway of the aerosol into the European Arctic based on the calculated back-trajectories, the influence of the boundary layer parameterized by the lowermost 100 hPa atmospheric layer is analyzed and compared to the measured aerosol load by the photometer in Ny-Ålesund additionally. During spring, the open ocean acts as a sink for aerosols, whereas sea ice clearly reduces their sinks. Hence, trajectories over sea ice are correlated to higher aerosol loads. Thus, both sources and sinks must be considered to understand aerosol occurrences in the Arctic.
Constraints on Seismic Anisotropy in the Mantle Transition Zone From Long‐Period SS Precursors

The mantle transition zone (MTZ) of Earth is demarcated by solid‐to‐solid phase changes of the mineral olivine that produce seismic discontinuities at 410 and 660‐km depths. Mineral physics experiments predict that wadsleyite can have strong single‐crystal anisotropy at the pressure and temperature conditions of the MTZ. Thus, significant seismic anisotropy is possible in the upper MTZ where lattice‐preferred orientation of wadsleyite is produced by mantle flow. Here, we use a body wave method, SS precursors, to study the topography change and seismic anisotropy near the MTZ discontinuities. We stack the data to explore the azimuthal dependence of travel‐times and amplitudes of SS precursors and constrain the azimuthal anisotropy in the MTZ. Beneath the central Pacific, we find evidence for ~4% anisotropy with a SE fast direction in the upper mantle and no significant anisotropy in the MTZ. In subduction zones, we observe ~4% anisotropy with a trench‐parallel fast direction in the upper mantle and ~3% anisotropy with a trench‐perpendicular fast direction in the MTZ. The transition of fast directions indicates that the lattice‐preferred orientation of wadsleyite induced by MTZ flow is organized separately from the flow in the upper mantle. Global azimuthal stacking reveals ~1% azimuthal anisotropy in the upper mantle but negligible anisotropy (<1%) in the MTZ. Finally, we correct for the upper mantle and MTZ anisotropy structures to obtain a new MTZ topography model. The anisotropy correction produces ±3 km difference and therefore has minor overall effects on global MTZ topography.
The potential to strengthen temperature reconstructions in ecoregions with limited tree line using a multispecies approach

Abstract Tree-ring reconstructions of temperature often target trees at altitudinal or latitudinal tree line where annual growth is broadly expected to be limited by and respond to temperature variability. Based on this principal, regions with sparse tree line would seem to be restricted in their potential to reconstruct past temperatures. In the northeastern United States, there are only two published temperature reconstructions. Previous work in the region reconstructing moisture availability, however, has shown that using a greater diversity of species can improve reconstruction model skill. Here, we use a network of 228 tree-ring records composed of 29 species to test the hypothesis that an increase in species diversity among the pool of predictors improves reconstructions of past temperatures. Chamaecyparis thyoides alone explained 31% of the variability in observed cool-season minimum temperatures, but a multispecies model increased the explained variance to 44%. Liriodendron tulipifera, a species not previously used for temperature reconstructions, explained a similar amount of variance as Chamaecyparis thyoides (12.9% and 20.8%, respectively). Increasing the species diversity of tree proxies has the potential for improving reconstruction of paleotemperatures in regions lacking latitudinal or elevational tree lines provided that long-lived hardwood records can be located.
Radar data fusion based on clustering measurements

The feature of the measurements of the same target at the same time makes it possible to use clustering technique to solve data fusion problem. This paper uses an improved K-nearest neighbor algorithm to cluster the data from radars and intergrates the centers of the clusters with premeasurements, then estimates the state of targets with Kalman filter, thus realize the data fusion. The result of the experiment shows that the method is effective.
An extension of SQL to capture more information from objects with many-many relationship

Many decision support applications such as task assignment, truck deliveries, airline crew scheduling problems usually need to get information from objects with many-many relationship. However, with current relational operators including the complete set of relational algebra it is difficult to get required information from objects with a many-many relationship. We extend SQL so that users can capture more information from objects with a many-many relationship by using the query language directly. The relational operators were extended with six operators, namely, match, maxmatch, cover, mincover, partition, and minpartition. <<ETX>>
Analysis of the Hydraulic Properties of Undisturbed Layered Loess in Northwest China

Extensive agricultural irrigation in the loess region of Northwest China has seriously damaged the local hydrogeological environment. To properly understand the hydrological processes and the hydraulic properties of the layered soil, the field soil column irrigation test, laboratory soil column infiltration test, and undisturbed soil sample hydraulic experiments were carried out. The results showed that the proposed infiltration model can continuously simulate the infiltration process of the loess–palaeosol sequence well. The layered structure may form a temporary groundwater table at the interface of the two different soils under irrigation conditions. This provides a scientific basis for proposing reasonable irrigation measures.
Using emergent team structure to focus collaboration

To build successful complex software systems, developers must collaborate with each other to solve issues. To facilitate this collaboration specialized tools are being integrated into development environments. Although these tools facilitate collaboration, they do not foster it. The problem is that the tools require the developers to maintain a list of other developers with whom they may wish to communicate. In any given situation, it is the developer who must determine who within this list has expertise for the specific situation. Unless the team is small and static, maintaining the knowledge about who is expert in particular parts of the system is difficult. As many organizations are beginning to use agile development and distributed software practices, which result in teams with dynamic membership, maintaining this knowledge is impossible. This thesis investigates whether emergent team structure can be used to support collaboration amongst software developers. The membership of an emergent team is determined from analysis of software artifacts. We first show that emergent teams exist within a particular open-source software project, the Eclipse integrated development environment. We then present a tool called Emergent Expertise Locator (EEL) that uses emergent team information to propose experts to a developer within their development environment as the developer works. We validated this approach to support collaboration by applying our approach to historical data gathered from the Eclipse project, Firefox and Bugzilla and comparing the results to an existing heuristic for recommending experts that produces a list of experts based on the revision history of individual files. We found that EEL produces, on average, results with higher precision and higher recall than the existing heuristic.
An Efficient Semiblind Detection Algorithm for Adaptive Coding and Modulation(ACM)

An efficient semiblind detection algorithm is brought forward based on protocol information for adaptive coding and modulation(ACM),which employs both sampling for multiple signal sequences and sweep matching for multiple frequency signal.By the two methods,the effect from the optimal sampling timing error and frequency error can be overcome effectively for modulated intermediate frequency(IF) signals.The detector can accurately identify signal type,coding mode and modulation type.Simulation result shows the algorithm has better success rate than the conventional algorithm of pattern recognition even at low SNR.
The 2016 release of the PREDICTS database

A dataset of 3,250,404 measurements, collated from 26,114 sampling locations in 94 countries and representing 47,044 species. The data were collated from 480 existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world. The database was assembled as part of the PREDICTS project - Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems; [www.predicts. org.uk](http://www.predicts.org.uk). \r\n\r\nThe taxonomic identifications provided in the original data sets are those determined at the time of the original research, and so will not reflect subsequent taxonomic changes. \r\n\r\nThis dataset is described in [10.1002/ece3.2579](http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2579). A description of the way that this dataset was assembled is given in [10.1002/ece3.1303](http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1303). \r\n\r\n* `columns.csv`: Description of data extract columns\r\n* `database.zip`: Database in zipped CSV format\r\n* `database.rds`: Database in RDS format\r\n* `sites.zip`: Site-level summaries in compressed CSV format\r\n* `sites.rds`: Site-level summaries in RDS format\r\n* `references.csv`: Data references in CSV format\r\n* `references.bib`: Data references in BibTeX format\r\n
The Application of ITS-2 Model for Flood Hydrograph Simulation in Large-Size Rainforest Watershed, Indonesia

Nowadays, the increasing intensity of extreme rainfall and changes in land use have triggered massive floods in various regions of Indonesia. The changes in the characteristics of these two parameters cause an increase in the peak and duration of the flood over time. Peak and duration of flood estimation might be very useful for the national and local government because it is closely related to the effectiveness of prevention and mitigation plan in the future. A hydrograph-based model constitutes one approach to estimating them simultaneously. The objective of this research is to examine the application of ITS-2 – a synthetic unit hydrograph (SUH) model which was developed at Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology (ITS) in 2017 – for estimating the peak flood discharge as a basis for planning disaster mitigation programs. This study was carried out by testing the reliability of the ITS-2 Model using the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) indicator by comparing the measured unit hydrograph and synthetic unit hydrograph derived using the model, optimizing the parameters of the model, and then analyzing the transformation of rainfall-flood discharge in the Gumbasa Watershed, one of the major watersheds in Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. This catchment is part of the Palu watershed, which is largely a tropical rainforest conservation area known as the Lore Lindu National Park. The input model is based on the design rainfall with a certain return period using the frequency analysis where the data was obtained from the rainfall stations in the study area. The results of the research showed that the performance of the ITS-2 model was still very good with the NSE above 80%. The difference in the peak discharge of these two unit hydrographs is relatively low, with a deviation below 10%. The optimal values of the ITS-2 Model parameter coefficients consisting of C1, C2, and C3 were achieved at 1.29, 0.33 and 1.88, respectively. The results of the hydrograph analysis based on a 1-year to 100-year return period indicate that peak flood discharge ranges from 100 m3/sec to 550 m3/sec. From a series of analyses and tests that have been conducted in the previous and current research, it can be concluded that the ITS-2 Model can be applied to various watershed sizes, especially in Indonesia.
Soil carbon and bulk density distribution within 10 Southern Piedmont grazing systems

Sufficient and consistent distribution of carbon (C) across pastures can influence and improve production and sustainability in pasture-based grazing systems. The objective of this research was to determine spatial distribution of bulk density, soil C measured as loss-on-ignition (LOI) C, and permanganate oxidizable C (POXC), in continuously stocked Southern Piedmont pastures as affected by landscape position and management to enable producers to make better informed management decisions. Soil samples were collected from three depths (0 to 5, 5 to 10, and 10 to 20 cm), on a 50 m grid (matrix) and within areas of interest (AOIs, where cattle tended to frequent) from 10 pastures (ranging from 9.2 to 21.8 ha) fertilized with only mineral fertilizer. Mean soil bulk density was greatest (μ = 1.62 g cm−3) in the 5 to 10 cm soil layer. Median soil LOI and POXC were greatest in the 0 to 5 cm soil layer (medians = 6.16 g kg−1 and 776 mg kg−1, respectively), and both were strongly correlated to soil organic C. Soil phosphorus (P) was lowest in the 10 to 20 cm samples (median = 2.12 mg kg−1), regardless of sampling location. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) determined that bulk densities were lower closer to hay and water sources (usually within 0 to 39 m from sources) not located in areas vulnerable to erosion likely because of added C combined with the moderate hoof action to incorporate C into the soil. However, LOI values in the surface 0 to 5 cm soil layer associated with hay, water, and shade in areas vulnerable to erosion demonstrated relatively few differences in distance from a hay, water, or shade source, and these differences often did not occur until 200 m or greater from a pasture equipage. This research indicates that producers can more efficiently utilize nutrient resources and improve soil health measures with strategic placement of hay, waterers, or shade to facilitate best use of limited resources.
Tourist Cities Resident’s Perceptions on Social Impacts of Tourism Activities

The study aimed to assess the social impacts of tourism activities on the residents of tourist cities. Both negative and positive impacts of tourism activities were identified. The qualitative method of data collection and data analysis were employed to enable researcher to collect quality data. Primary data were collected from the respondents reside on tourist’s cities and presented in a form of essays and other means of descriptive presentation. Then secondary information was applied to collect data through documented source. The findings shows that there are certain impacts which are, improved their social image, creation of employment and other opportunities, expiation of cultural and make the community more pride. The research findings concluded, the Uncontrolled convectional tourism poses potential threats on sustainable development in aspects of economic, social and environment to both human and natural ecosystem. The researcher recommend an increase efforts of the responsible institutions on the management of tourist destinations like National parks, museums, historical sites. Also the researcher calls for local community involvement and benefiting on every aspects of tourism development without compromising the ability of the future generations, as well as they should understand the importance of nature of contact between the tourists and them which is highly determined by the level of participation of the communities around the destinations.
Ethyl 4H-thieno­[3,2-b]­pyrrole-5-carboxyl­ate

Ethyl 4H-thieno­[3,2-b]­pyrrole-5-carboxyl­ate, C9H9NO2S, is derived from thio­phene-3-carbox­aldehyde and ethyl azido­acetate. The crystal structure is composed of an ethyl carboxyl­ate group attached to a planar thieno­[3,2-b]­pyrrole ring system.
Agent Based Architecture for Smart Grids

This thesis deals with the software architecture developed for the Smart Grid Demo Lab project being executed at the ABB Corportate Research Center in Dattwil, Switzerland. The global aim of the project is to build a software infrastructure integrating both ABB Smart Grid Solutions and third-party products, in order to provide a common platform to support R&D activities in the area of Smart Grids and demonstrate advanced and emerging technologies to selected customers. Topics to be explored include: integration of different appliances and communication protocols, predictive modeling of energy consumption/production, energy flow control, algorithmic energy minimization, simulation systems using empirical data, etc. The development of the architecture intends to discover new ways of connecting appliances, while the software design tests the flexibility, compatibility and auto-configuration capabilities of innovative software concepts. With this thesis, the fundament of the architecture for the Smart Grid Demo Lab was laid. It was shown that the architecture’s modular and agent based design can provide a great advantage for the integration of appliances into a smart grid and the creation of agents controlling them. The introduction of the publish/subscribe paradigm in conjunction with auto configuration of agents demonstrated a good solution for service data exchange within a smart grid. With a functional validation and the use of unit testing it was shown that the agents work reliably. Apart from the architecture, this thesis also provided the groundwork for the collection of historical data in a central database, generating new resources for other research projects. Even though the Smart Grid Demo Lab project is at an early development stage, it has already opened new research opportunities and paved the way for related R&D projects with the current implementation of the network architecture.