Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prolonged-release solid dispersions of ibuprofen

Ibuprofen (IB) is one of the most important non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used in the treatment of inflammatory chronic diseases. This drug presents, in the pure state, poor physical and mechanical characteristics and their use in solid dosage forms needs the addition of excipients which improve these properties. The selection of the best excipients and the suitable pharmaceutical dosage form to carry ibuprofen are very important for the industrial success of this drug. Thus, in this work, solid dispersions of ibuprofen in cethyl alcohol (SD CA), stearic acid (SD SA) and hydrogenated castor oil (SD HCO) were prepared in order to improve physical and mechanical characteristics of this drug. Physical mixtures with the same composition of solid dispersions were also prepared. Solid dispersions of ibuprofen with stearic acid and hydrogenated castor oil showed better flow characteristics than pure ibuprofen and the respective physical mixtures. Gelatin capsules filled with solid dispersions were submitted to dissolution tests in order to study the influence of the prepared systems in the release profiles of ibuprofen. Prolonged-release of ibuprofen was achieved with the solid dispersions prepared with the different types of excipients.
Trainee primary-school teachers’ perceptions on CLIL instruction and assessment in universities: A case study

CLIL is an important approach in training future Primary School Teachers since bilingual programs developed at schools in Spain require not only professionals with proficientSecond Language (L2) levels, but also future teachers who are versed in the main methodological principles for CLIL. Firstly, this case study reviews the legislation for bilingual programs in Spain. Secondly, it describes teacher training through a CLIL course within the Faculty of Education at the University of Castilla-La Mancha, focussing on the methodology and evaluation procedures followed in the course. Thirdly, this paperrefersto the method performed to evaluate students’ perceptions ofthe CLIL training and assessment process. Finally, it shows the results from the study and some conclusionsrelated to the assessment and instruction process for the implementation of the CLIL approach in Primary School Teaching Undergraduate Programs.
Identifying Patients Recovering from a Recent Myocardial Infarction Who Require and Accept Psychological Care

Using Dutch adaptations of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, State-Trait Anger Scale, Zung Depression Scale, and Life Orientation Test, we attempted to identify which patients recovering in the hospital from acute myocardial infarctions required and would accept psychological care. Of 63 patients who completed the relevant questionnaires, 9 required and accepted psychological care and 6 of these were correctly predicted by the criteria (sensitivity = .67). Of the 54 patients not classified as requiring and accepting psychological care, 49 were correctly predicted (specificity = .90; efficiency = .87). Noncompletion (n = 7) was positively associated with classification as requiring and accepting psychological care. An easy to administer brief questionnaire may help identify those patients with a recent myocardial infarction who, in the opinion of mental health care professionals, require and accept psychological care.
Comparing Welfare Estimates from Fixed Status Quo Attributes vs People’s Perceived Attributes of Water Quality

Data from a choice experiment on the community’s preferences for water quality improvements in streams was used to assess the effect of using a fixed status quo versus people’s perceived status quo on willingness to pay values. More than 50% of respondents perceived the quality of water in streams to be different to the status quo in the initial experimental design. Study results have shown that respondents who opted for their own perceived status quo alternative had stronger preferences and higher willing to pay for water quality improvements than their counterparts.
SPLASH, VORTICES AND TURBULENT SHEARS IN PARTIAL DAM-BREAK FLOWS -- SPLASH MODEL OF WAVE-BREAKING AND OVERTOPPING --

Three-dimensional evolution of local fluid flows and surface shapes under partial collapse of a water column is characterized during computational experiments using three-dimensional large eddy simulation in this paper. The free-surface behaviors highly depend on the collapse level and ambient water layer depth via mechanical interactions between the surface and vortices. It has been found major three modes of the splashing responses of the free-surfaces and vortex structures; (i) forward projection of secondary jets, which organizes a typical rib-like vortex structure stretched underneath the jets, (ii) backward jet projection with an inverse form of the rib structure, and (iii) blob-like waves induced by an array of the horizontal roller vortices. These findings provide new perspectives to understand wave breaking behaviors as well as practical assessments for the fluid responses in the splashing area for sea wall overflow and overtopping.
Contamination from Petroleum Products: Impact on Soil Seed Banks around an Oil Storage Facility in Ibadan, South-West Nigeria

The plants, grown in the soils around a Fuel Holding Depot of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria have been investigated in this research in terms of their density and species composition so that the impact of contamination by petroleum products on soil seed banks could be determined. The study has used designated plots (25m by 25m) in a site, contaminated by petroleum products, as well as a non-contaminated site. In each plot, replicate soil samples have been collected randomly at 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, and 10-15 cm, with the soil samples being subjected to emergence of seedling test for three months in order to determine the species composition, species density, and seed viability at different soil depths. Results show that 17 species from 14 families with a total seedling density of 975 seedlings (19,073 seeds/m2) have been encountered in the seed bank of the non-contaminated soil, whereas just one species with 339 seedlings (6,632 seeds/m2) has been recorded in the contaminated soil. Herbaceous species notably, Spermacoce ocymoides, Spermacoce verticillata, and Peperomia pellucida dominate the seed bank of the non-contaminated soil, whereas Eleusine indica is the sole species, encountered in the seed bank of the contaminated soil. There is a general reduction in seed viability as the soil depth is increased. In conclusion, contamination by petroleum products narrow the species composition and density of soil seed bank, though has no effect on seed viability, irrespective of soil depth. Eleusine indica, being the only species encountered in the contaminated soil, may be tolerant to petroleum hydrocarbon, thus portending useful potentials for phytoremediation.
Xeric big sagebrush, a new subspecies in the Artemisia tridentata complex.

In 1970 a xeric form of mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana (Rydb.) Beetle) was reported in west central Idaho. Observations of morphology, habitat, and ecology, and analyses of foliage chemical components, clearly indicate these plants represent a new subspecies (xericensis) in the big sagebrush complex. It grows at lower elevations, 762-1,524 m (2,500-5,000 ft) and drier environments, 305-560 mm (12-22 in) precipitation, than most mountain big sagebrush, and is found on basaitic foothill soils often in association with bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatwn (Pursh) Scribn. & Smith). In addition to soil type, the radiate growth form and a more branched paniculate inflorescence are 2 morphological characteristics useful in separating ssp. xericensis from ssp. vaseyana. It contains higher concentrations of crude protein (10.4%), phosphorus (0.3%), and total volatiles, and lower concentrations of tannins and total phenols than mountain big sagebrush. Distinct chromatograms were obtained for both subspecies when extracts were analyzed by gas and high performance liquid chromatography. Leaf morphology and fluorescence of leaf water extracts are useful characters for separating ssp. xericensis from ssp. tridentata. The chemical data, in combination with morphology and ecology, suggest this new subspecies was initially derived by hybridization of ssp. tridentata and ssp. vaseyana.
Offenders of intimate partner violence: Aggressive antisocial behavior and mental health

Background: Studies on the impact of mental disorders on aggressive antisocial behaviors constitutes an extensive body of literature. What patterns of mental disorders that contribute the most to the development of such behaviors are being debated. Aggressive behaviors towards an intimate partner (IPV) are often studied as a unique form of violence while offender characteristics have not been in focus. Equally important are studies of immediate situational causes of IPV crime. The Situational Action Theory (SAT) focuses on the interplay between the offender and the setting in which the crime takes place, thus being of potential value for research of immediate causes of IPV. Aim: The aim of this thesis is to identify offender characteristics related to aggressive antisocial behaviors, and with special reference to IPV. We also aim to examine to what extent the SAT explanatory framework can be applied to IPV. Methods and results: The investigated samples were derived from clinical samples consisting of individuals undergoing court ordered forensic psychiatric investigations in connection with a violent crime and young male offenders imprisoned due to violent criminality. Results showed that for both samples childhood onset conduct disorder was the strongest predictor for the development of aggressive antisocial behaviors. Considerable similarities between the groups of young violent offenders regardless of victim relation were found, and there was a strong association between aggressive antisocial behaviors and IPV. The tools of SAT showed to be potentially valuable with regard to the understanding of IPV. However, one of its fundamental concepts was found to be in need of further theoretical adaptations before becoming useful to the IPV context. Conclusion: The impact of early onset of behavioral problems for the development of aggressive antisocial behavior including IPV among young men is extensive. There is a potential gain in viewing IPV as a part of violent crime at large since there was a considerable overlap of offender characteristics. The tools provided by SAT are suggested to be of interest for future research of IPV, especially with regard to causality and the situational factors imminent to the crime situation.
Families in Society : The Journal of Contemporary Human Services

Adultcentrism is the tendency of adults to view children and their problems from a biased, adult perspective, thus creating barriers to effective practice with children. The author (1) examines the roots of social work's adultcentrism in history and developmental theory, (2) discusses how adultcentrism influences practice, and (3) considers ways in which practitioners can combat adultcentrism in practice. T HE SOCIAL WORK PROFESSION has a longstanding commitment to child welfare and improvement in the quality of life of children. But practice with children is a complex and demanding undertaking. A factor that complicates work with children is the simple fact that their perspectives are very different from those of the adult practitioners who work with them. Children are not adults—they have a different world view, different ways of communicating, different status and power, and different rights. Sensitive practitioners have long recognized these differences and sought creative ways to bridge the gaps. The task is akin to that of bridging cultural, racial, or gender differences. Effective practice with different ethnic cultures requires vigilant monitoring of potential ethnocentric bias and prejudice; similarly, the potential for sexism must be confronted in situations of gender difference. The purpose of this article is to elucidate potential bias in work with children. T h e premise is that practitioners' effectiveness can be undermined by adultcentrism, a complex set of attitudes, values, and behaviors that can skew practitioners' relationships with children and thus negatively affect their work. S imply defined, adultcentrism is the tendency of adults to view children and t h d r problems from a biased, adult perspective (Goode, 1986) . This bias does not typically stem from some blatant, pernicious, or even conscious intent. Adultcentrism is subtle and, although the analogy is not perfect, it can be understood as being similar to ethnocentrism, which Sumner (1906) originally defined as "a view of things in which one's own group is the center of everything, and all others are scaled and rated to it. " With respect to children and adults, adultcentric bias is evident when we measure children by adult standards, when we fail to suspend our assumptions about them, when we decline to see the world from their point of view. The negative consequences of adultcentrism can be the same as those of ethnocentrism: miscommunication (with children), inaccurate judgments (about children's intents and motivations), misuse of power (to limit chilChristopher G. Petr is Assistant Professor, School of Social Welfare, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. This article was adapted from a paper presented at the Annual Program Meeting of the Council on Social Work Education, March 1990, Reno, Nevada.
Development of a low cost machine vision system for sorting of tomatoes

Sorting of tomatoes has been an issue faced by producers as well as sellers due to the sheer volumes handled and the delicate nature of the fruit. This paper describes the development of a low cost machine vision system using webcams and image processing algorithms for defect detection and sorting of tomatoes. In the case of agricultural products, good efforts and appropriate techniques are necessary to distinguish between defected and good ones when using machine vision for sorting. Tomatoes having two major defects namely Blossom End Rot (BER) and Cracks could be separated from good tomatoes with calyx. The sorting decision was based on three features extracted by the image processing algorithms. The color features were used for detecting the BER from good tomatoes and shape factor combined with the number of green objects was used for differentiating the calyxes from crack defects. Two methods, rule based and neural network approaches, were developed for decision based sorting. A control system was developed with a belt conveyor to transport the tomatoes and a cylinder pushrod coupled to a solenoid was used to push the defective tomatoes after determining their defect by the algorithms. The color image threshold method with shape factor were found efficient for differentiating good and defective tomatoes. The overall accuracy of defect detection attained by the rule based approach and the neural network method were 84 and 87.5% respectively. The inspection speed of 180 tomatoes min -1 was achieved by the algorithms and the prototype developed. Comparison of the results obtained by the rule based and neural network approaches are also presented in this paper.
Estimates of the carbon stocks in Danish mires

Substantial amounts of organic carbon may be stored in peat lands. The carbon stocks in selected Danish mires were investigated by comparing two national surveys of peat resources from 1930 and 1956 and new data based on field work which involved mapping of six drained bogs and fens. The objective was to evaluate whether the old surveys may be used for estimating the present carbon stocks in Danish mires. A total of 150 peat samples representing different mire types and land use history were analysed for bulk density, carbon, degree of humification, ash content and pH. GIS and kriging interpolation were used to make 3D models of peat volume and to calculate the carbon stocks in the mires. The results showed that the carbon stocks were reduced about 40 % between 1930 and 1956 due to cutting of peat for fuel, suggesting that the 1930 survey is unsuitable for estimating the present carbon stocks. Only small changes were found in the carbon stocks from 1956 to 2000 with no clear dependency on land use, indicating that the 1956 survey is more suitable for present carbon stock calculations. The peat samples showed a carbon density in both bogs and fens between 50 and 70 kg m -2 (mean 60 kg m -2 ) in the uppermost one meter of soil. The Danish mire area is estimated at 90,000 hectares, which gives a carbon stock of 54.6 Mt. Total carbon stocks in Danish soils (uppermost one meter) have recently been estimated as high as 579 Mt. This means that although peat land soils cover only 2.1 % of the Danish land area, they store nearly 10 % of the total soil organic carbon stock, and even more if deeper layers are included.
Toward improvements of teamwork in globally distributed agile teams

Working geographically distributed in agile teams becomes more common and the challenges encountered, do largely alternate compared to normal agile challenges. This paper presents previous research, regarding both challenges and improvements of geographically distributed agile teams, and supplements it with interview data. Interview and questionnaire were conducted with employees of a multinational company, in order to explore the area of concern. The eight challenges discovered were: communication and collaboration, cultural, documentation, knowledge management, management, risk management, time zone and tools. Results from the literature review then used to produce improvement suggestions, regarding the common challenges.
Correlation misperception in choice

We present a decision-theoretic analysis of an agent's understanding of the interdependencies in her choices. We provide the foundations for a simple and flexible model that allows the misperception of correlated risks. We introduce a framework in which the decision maker chooses a portfolio of assets among which she may misperceive the joint returns, and present simple axioms equivalent to a representation in which she attaches a probability to each possible joint distribution over returns and then maximizes subjective expected utility using her (possibly misspecified) beliefs.
A generic two-equation turbulence model for geophysical applications

There have been many developments in twoequation turbulence closure models, since the pioneering work of Mellor and Yamada (1982, MY henceforth) more than two decades ago, and the follow-on work by Galperin et al. (1988, GK henceforth) and Kantha and Clayson (1994, KC henceforth). Progress has been especially rapid in recent years. Based on a more complete formulation of the pressure covariances in the equations for second moments, Canuto et al. (2001b) and Cheng et al. (2003, CC henceforth) have derived an alternative form for the stability functions SM and SH in the algebraic expressions for momentum and scalar diffusivities resulting from second moment closure (see MY, CC or KC for details). These functions are an improvement, under unstable stratification, over the traditional Mellor and Yamada (1982) and Kantha and Clayson (1994) forms. Kantha (2003a, henceforth K, see also Kantha 2003b) has shown that despite the differences in the approach philosophy, similar results can be obtained by a slight retuning of the constants that appear in the KC (and MY) formulation.
Screening of nutritive values, in vitro antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial activities from Boletus griseipurpureus Corner

Background: Boletus griseipurpureus Corner is a popular edible mushroom in the South of Thailand, which were rich in protein and very low in fat and possessed antibacterial. Aims: The aims of the study are to evaluate nutritive values and biological activities of B. griseipurpureus including antioxidant, anticancer, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities. Materials and Methods: Nutritive values of fresh mushrooms were analyzed mainly according to AOAC. Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of dichloromethane (BD) and methanol (BM) extracts were performed by of Folin–Ciocalteu reagent; DPPH radical, 2, 2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cation radical scavenging assays and oxygen radical absorbance capacity. Anticancer activities of BD and BM were performed by resazurin microplate assay and tested with five cancer cell lines. Cytotoxicity of BD and BM were performed by same method and used normal cells. Antimicrobial activities of BD and BM against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were tested according to green fluorescent protein-based assay; Plasmodium falciparum was tested according to microculture radioisotope techniques; antibacterial and anti-Candida albicans tests were performed according to CLSI. Results: The relatively high content of copper, zinc, and selenium was contained in B. griseipurpureus when compared with Thai RDI values. Preferable TPC and antioxidant activities of BD and BM were also revealed. No anticancer activity (to KB, MCF7, NCI-H187, HepG2 and CaCO2 cell lines) and cytotoxicity of (to Vero and human dermal fibroblasts, neonatal cells) from both extracts. Only, BM was inhibited HSV-1 (IC50 = 41.67 μg/ml). Conclusions: The basidiomes of B. griseipurpureus were the relatively high content of antioxidant trace elements; and possessed antioxidant and HSV-1 inhibitory activities.
Do Managers Matter? A Natural Experiment from 42 R&D Labs in India

We exploit plausibly exogenous variation in the staggered entry of new managers into India’s 42 public R&D labs between 1994 and 2006 to study how alignment between the CEO and middle-level managers affects research productivity. We show that the introduction of new lab managers aligned with the national R&D reforms raised patenting and multinational licensing revenues by 58% and 75%, respectively, and scientist research productivity, including: a 16%, 10%, 11%, and 22% increase in h-indices, number of coauthors, publications, and citations per scientist, respectively. Using natural language processing techniques on the set of research abstracts produced among these scientists, we also find that overall mood and sentiment increased by 8.5% following the first managerial change. (JEL L22, L23, O32, O33)
MODELING UNEMPLOYMENT RATES BY RACE AND GENDER: A NONLINEAR TIME SERIES APPROACH

This paper presents an unemployment rate model that provides insight into how the time series behavior, in terms of both the mean and volatility, of the unemployment rates of black males, white males, black females, and white females differ. Demographic differences in the unemployment rate response are likely to occur if certain demographic groups face discrimination or if different demographic groups gave differing investments in human capital, for example. In addition, there may be differences in other characteristics of the groups, such as differences in the age of distribution or in the marital status distribution. This paper develops and estimates a model to determine whether or not differences in unemployment rate volatility among demographic groups actually exist, utilizing an ARCH-class (autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity) model. The findings suggest that conditional variance is symmetric for white females, black females, and black males, but is asymmetric for white males. In particular, the findings indicate that innovations increase the conditional volatility changes in each group's unemployment rate and have symmetric effects for all groups except white males.