Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Client Middleware Service Read Your Writes Monotonic Writes Monotonic Reads Write Follows Read insert ( Lst , ElementId , Value ) List get ( Lst ) insert ( Lst , ElementId , Value ) List get ( Lst )

Online services such as Facebook or Twitter have public APIs to enable an easy integration of these services with third party applications. However, the developers who design these applications have no information about the consistency provided by these services, which exacerbates the complexity of reasoning about the semantics of the applications they are developing. In this paper, we show that is possible to deploy a transparent middleware between the application and the service, which enables a fine-grained control over the session guarantees that comprise the consistency semantics provided by these APIs, without having to gain access to the implementation of the underlying services. We evaluated our middleware using the Facebook public API and the Redis datastore, and our results show that we are able to provide fine-grained control of the consistency semantics incurring in a small local storage and modest latency overhead.
Visual supports at home and in the community for individuals with autism spectrum disorders: A scoping review

Visual supports are recommended in autism spectrum disorder clinical guidelines. They can reduce anxiety, increase predictability, support communication and improve participation. They are implemented regularly in schools, but evidence about home visual supports is limited. This article reports results of a scoping literature review, alongside qualitative evaluation with parents and professionals. We report findings from 34 studies, identifying four categories of visual support and heterogeneity in participant characteristics, intervention methods, environments and outcome measures. Qualitative data from questionnaires (n = 101) and focus groups generated key themes about home visual supports, through thematic analysis: (1) Accessibility, (2) Participation-focussed (3) Individualisation, (4) Teaching Methods, (5) Consistency, and (6) Information and Training. We propose consensus with terminology and implications for practice and research.
Monitoring Dust Storms in Iraq Using Satellite Data

Dust storms can suspend large quantities of sand and cause haze in the boundary layer over local and regional scales. Iraq is one of the countries that is often impacted to a large degree by the occurrences of dust storms. The time between June 29 to July 8, 2009 is considered one of the worst dust storm periods of all times and many Iraq is suffered medical problems as a result. We used data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). MODIS Surface Reflectance Daily L2G Global 1 km and 500 m data were utilized to calculate the Normalized Difference Dust Index (NDDI). The MYD09GA V006 product was used to monitor, map, and assess the development and spread of dust storms over the arid and semi-arid territories of Iraq. We set thresholds for NDDI to distinguish between water and/or ice cloud and ground features and dust storms. In addition; brightness temperature data (TB) from the Aqua /MODIS thermal band 31 were analyzed to distinguish sand on the land surface from atmospheric dust. We used the MODIS level 2 MYD04 deep blue 550 nm Aerosol Option Depth (AOD) data that maintains accuracy even over bright desert surfaces. We found NDDI values lower than 0.05 represent clouds and water bodies, while NDDI greater than 0.18 correspond to dust storm regions. The threshold of TB of 310.5 K was used to distinguish aerosols from the sand on the ground. Approximately 75% of the territory was covered by a dust storm in 5 July 2009 due to strong and dry northwesterly winds.
Optimism is associated with exceptional longevity in 2 epidemiologic cohorts of men and women

Significance Optimism is a psychological attribute characterized as the general expectation that good things will happen, or the belief that the future will be favorable because one can control important outcomes. Previous studies reported that more optimistic individuals are less likely to suffer from chronic diseases and die prematurely. Our results further suggest that optimism is specifically related to 11 to 15% longer life span, on average, and to greater odds of achieving “exceptional longevity,” that is, living to the age of 85 or beyond. These relations were independent of socioeconomic status, health conditions, depression, social integration, and health behaviors (e.g., smoking, diet, and alcohol use). Overall, findings suggest optimism may be an important psychosocial resource for extending life span in older adults. Most research on exceptional longevity has investigated biomedical factors associated with survival, but recent work suggests nonbiological factors are also important. Thus, we tested whether higher optimism was associated with longer life span and greater likelihood of exceptional longevity. Data are from 2 cohorts, women from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and men from the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study (NAS), with follow-up of 10 y (2004 to 2014) and 30 y (1986 to 2016), respectively. Optimism was assessed using the Life Orientation Test–Revised in NHS and the Revised Optimism–Pessimism Scale from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 in NAS. Exceptional longevity was defined as survival to age 85 or older. Primary analyses used accelerated failure time models to assess differences in life span associated with optimism; models adjusted for demographic confounders and health conditions, and subsequently considered the role of health behaviors. Further analyses used logistic regression to evaluate the likelihood of exceptional longevity. In both sexes, we found a dose-dependent association of higher optimism levels at baseline with increased longevity (P trend < 0.01). For example, adjusting for demographics and health conditions, women in the highest versus lowest optimism quartile had 14.9% (95% confidence interval, 11.9 to 18.0) longer life span. Findings were similar in men. Participants with highest versus lowest optimism levels had 1.5 (women) and 1.7 (men) greater odds of surviving to age 85; these relationships were maintained after adjusting for health behaviors. Given work indicating optimism is modifiable, these findings suggest optimism may provide a valuable target to test for strategies to promote longevity.
Detection of Pig Cells Harboring Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses in Non-Human Primate Bladder After Renal Xenotransplantation

Pigs are used as potential donor animals for xenotransplantation. However, porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV), shown to infect both human and non-human primate (NHP) cells in vitro, presents a risk of transmission to humans in xenotransplantation. In this study, we analyzed PERV transmission in various organs after pig-to-NHP xenotransplantation. We utilized pig-to-NHP xenotransplant tissue samples obtained using two types of transgenic pigs from the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS, Republic of Korea), and examined them for the existence of PERV genes in different organs via PCR and RT-PCR with specific primers. To determine PERV insertion into chromosomes, inverse PCR using PERV long terminal repeat (LTR) region-specific primers was conducted. The PERV gene was not detected in NHP organs in cardiac xenotransplantation but detected in NHP bladders in renal xenotransplantation. The insertion experiment confirmed that PERVs originate from porcine donor cells rather than integrated provirus in the NHP chromosome. We also demonstrate the presence of pig cells in the NHP bladder after renal xenotransplantation using specific-porcine mitochondrial DNA gene PCR. The PERV sequence was detected in the bladder of NHPs after renal xenotransplantation by porcine cell-microchimerism but did not integrate into the NHP chromosome.
Robust Suppression of Lipopolysaccharide Deficiency in Acinetobacter baumannii by Growth in Minimal Medium

Gram-negative bacteria are defined by their asymmetric outer membrane that consists of phospholipids on the inner leaflet and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the outer leaflet. LPS is essential in all but a few Gram-negative species; the reason for this differential essentiality is not well understood. One species that can survive without LPS, Acinetobacter baumannii, shows characteristic growth and morphology phenotypes. We show that these phenotypes can be suppressed under conditions of slow growth and describe how LPS loss is connected to the growth defects. In addition to better defining the challenges A. baumannii cells face in the absence of LPS, we provide a new hypothesis that may explain the species-dependent conditional essentiality. ABSTRACT Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is normally considered to be essential for viability in Gram-negative bacteria but can be removed in Acinetobacter baumannii. Mutant cells lacking this component of the outer membrane show growth and morphological defects. Here, we report that growth rates equivalent to the wild type can be achieved simply by propagation in minimal medium. The loss of LPS requires that cells rely on phospholipids for both leaflets of the outer membrane. We show that growth rate in the absence of LPS is not limited by nutrient availability but by the rate of outer membrane biogenesis. We hypothesize that because cells grow more slowly, outer membrane synthesis ceases to be rate limiting in minimal medium. IMPORTANCE Gram-negative bacteria are defined by their asymmetric outer membrane that consists of phospholipids on the inner leaflet and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the outer leaflet. LPS is essential in all but a few Gram-negative species; the reason for this differential essentiality is not well understood. One species that can survive without LPS, Acinetobacter baumannii, shows characteristic growth and morphology phenotypes. We show that these phenotypes can be suppressed under conditions of slow growth and describe how LPS loss is connected to the growth defects. In addition to better defining the challenges A. baumannii cells face in the absence of LPS, we provide a new hypothesis that may explain the species-dependent conditional essentiality.
The improved assembly of 7DL chromosome provides insight into the structure and evolution of bread wheat

Summary Wheat is one of the most important staple crops worldwide and also an excellent model species for crop evolution and polyploidization studies. The breakthrough of sequencing the bread wheat genome and progenitor genomes lays the foundation to decipher the complexity of wheat origin and evolutionary process as well as the genetic consequences of polyploidization. In this study, we sequenced 3286 BACs from chromosome 7DL of bread wheat cv. Chinese Spring and integrated the unmapped contigs from IWGSC v1 and available PacBio sequences to close gaps present in the 7DL assembly. In total, 8043 out of 12 825 gaps, representing 3 491 264 bp, were closed. We then used the improved assembly of 7DL to perform comparative genomic analysis of bread wheat (Ta7DL) and its D donor, Aegilops tauschii (At7DL), to identify domestication signatures. Results showed a strong syntenic relationship between Ta7DL and At7DL, although some small rearrangements were detected at the distal regions. A total of 53 genes appear to be lost genes during wheat polyploidization, with 23% (12 genes) as RGA (disease resistance gene analogue). Furthermore, 86 positively selected genes (PSGs) were identified, considered to be domestication‐related candidates. Finally, overlapping of QTLs obtained from GWAS analysis and PSGs indicated that TraesCS7D02G321000 may be one of the domestication genes involved in grain morphology. This study provides comparative information on the sequence, structure and organization between bread wheat and Ae. tauschii from the perspective of the 7DL chromosome, which contribute to better understanding of the evolution of wheat, and supports wheat crop improvement.
Bioprinting Vasculature: Materials, Cells and Emergent Techniques

Despite the great advances that the tissue engineering field has experienced over the last two decades, the amount of in vitro engineered tissues that have reached a stage of clinical trial is limited. While many challenges are still to be overcome, the lack of vascularization represents a major milestone if tissues bigger than approximately 200 µm are to be transplanted. Cell survival and homeostasis is to a large extent conditioned by the oxygen and nutrient transport (as well as waste removal) by blood vessels on their proximity and spontaneous vascularization in vivo is a relatively slow process, leading all together to necrosis of implanted tissues. Thus, in vitro vascularization appears to be a requirement for the advancement of the field. One of the main approaches to this end is the formation of vascular templates that will develop in vitro together with the targeted engineered tissue. Bioprinting, a fast and reliable method for the deposition of cells and materials on a precise manner, appears as an excellent fabrication technique. In this review, we provide a comprehensive background to the fields of vascularization and bioprinting, providing details on the current strategies, cell sources, materials and outcomes of these studies.
Mode-Locked Ho 3 +-Doped ZBLAN Fiber Laser at 1 . 2

A mode-locked Ho3+ -doped ZBLAN fiber laser at 1.2 μm was demonstrated for the first time employing a nonlinear polarization rotation technique for mode-locking. The laser waspumped at 1137 nm by the Raman fiber laser. Stable dissipative soliton mode-locking was achieved with an intracavity Lyot filter formed from a length of polarization maintaining fiber and a polarization dependent optical isolator. 1.3-nJ pulses with pulse durationof 47 ps at a repetition rate of 1.77 MHz were produced. Multiple pulse operation with burst energy up to 6.7 nJ was observed at higher pump power.
Metaphorical Visualizations of Graph Structures

Data visualization of large abstract data sets and complicated relations is a complex research area with different problems and constraints. Often simple shapes and structures are not very eye-pleasing. Visualization metaphors, which create a mapping between a well-known problem domain and a new complicated problem domain, can produce interesting visualizations. In this paper we propose two metaphorical visualizations of graphs and multidimensional data: we propose a metaphor of soap bubble clusters to visualize graphs and a nebulae (sky) metaphor, which uses nebulae and stars to visualize graphs and multidimensional data.
An Efficient Approach against Rushing Attack in MANET

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a network of mobile nodes that nodes link to each other for a period of time to exchange information. MANET can be creating anywhere because there is no requirement of infrastructure prepared the nodes to organize them into a network and establish routes for a communication. Rushing attack comes under the category of reactive routing protocol. They divert the route discovery process to another route, attacker quickly forwards the route request before the other nodes, and data firstly reach to the destination node forwarded by attacker node. In this research we provide a mechanism which is helpful to prevent the network from rushing attack as well as to detect the rushing attack on Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol. The network parameters like number of hops per route, route discovery time and routing traffic sent and received.
PARALLEL DECOMPOSITION OF 100-MILLION DOF MESHES INTO HIERARCHICAL SUBDOMAINS

This study describes the implementation and performance of a domain decomposer in a parallel/distributed environment, which can decompose finite element meshes with over 100-million DOFs into parts and subdomains of specified numbers for the hierarchical Domain Decomposition Method (DDM). METIS and ParMETIS which are graph-partition package were used as a basic domain decomposing algorithm and this system improved the quality of the decomposed meshes, i.e. the iteration number which was needed to reach convergence in a FEM analysis using the Domain Decomposition Method (DDM) was reduced.
Na fi on membrane channel structure studied by small-angle X-ray scattering and Monte Carlo simulations

The structure of Nafion 117 membranes was studied through SAXS experiments and 2D pattern simulations. Measurements were taken for different moisture conditions by synchrotron radiation, and for different temperatures through X-ray tube irradiation. The experimental profiles were fitted through simulations based on a new structural model including: the amorphous polymer matrix, polymer crystallites, and inverse core-shell type channels conformed by water cylinders and sulfonic chains. The geometrical parameters intervening in the simulation of the SAXS patterns were optimized for each experimental condition. This approach allowed the proper description of the experimental SAXS profiles for the various moisture conditions studied. In addition, a recent lamelar model was also included in the assessments, and the corresponding performances were discussed.
Chemoptogenetic damage to mitochondria causes rapid telomere dysfunction

Significance It is highly controversial whether secondary reactive oxygen species generated by dysfunctional mitochondria are able to diffuse across the cytoplasm to the nucleus and cause subsequent nuclear changes. We have developed a targeted chemoptogenetic technology to induce mitochondrial dysfunction by generating short-lived highly reactive singlet oxygen exclusively in the mitochondria, with precise spatiotemporal control by light stimulation. Through careful analysis of the events involving mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent nuclear oxidative stress that resulted in specific telomere damage, we delineated the mechanism of mitochondria–telomere axis of cellular damage. Our findings revealed a fundamental mechanism underlying the pathophysiological role of mitochondrial singlet oxygen, with important ramifications for understanding the role of mitochondrial signaling in aging and cancer among other human diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in aging, inflammation, and cancer. Mitochondria are an important source of ROS; however, the spatiotemporal ROS events underlying oxidative cellular damage from dysfunctional mitochondria remain unresolved. To this end, we have developed and validated a chemoptogenetic approach that uses a mitochondrially targeted fluorogen-activating peptide (Mito-FAP) to deliver a photosensitizer MG-2I dye exclusively to this organelle. Light-mediated activation (660 nm) of the Mito-FAP–MG-2I complex led to a rapid loss of mitochondrial respiration, decreased electron transport chain complex activity, and mitochondrial fragmentation. Importantly, one round of singlet oxygen produced a persistent secondary wave of mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide lasting for over 48 h after the initial insult. By following ROS intermediates, we were able to detect hydrogen peroxide in the nucleus through ratiometric analysis of the oxidation of nuclear cysteine residues. Despite mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and nuclear oxidative stress induced by dysfunctional mitochondria, there was a lack of gross nuclear DNA strand breaks and apoptosis. Targeted telomere analysis revealed fragile telomeres and telomere loss as well as 53BP1-positive telomere dysfunction-induced foci (TIFs), indicating that DNA double-strand breaks occurred exclusively in telomeres as a direct consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction. These telomere defects activated ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-mediated DNA damage repair signaling. Furthermore, ATM inhibition exacerbated the Mito-FAP–induced mitochondrial dysfunction and sensitized cells to apoptotic cell death. This profound sensitivity of telomeres through hydrogen peroxide induced by dysregulated mitochondria reveals a crucial mechanism of telomere–mitochondria communication underlying the pathophysiological role of mitochondrial ROS in human diseases.
Quantification of growth factors in advanced platelet-rich fibrin and concentrated growth factors and their clinical efficiency as adjunctive to the GTR procedure in periodontal intrabony defects.

BACKGROUND The development of platelet concentrated biomaterials has gained increasing awareness for regenerative medicine. With different protocol, derivatives such as advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF), injected PRF (I-PRF) and concentrated growth factors (CGF) have been demonstrated effectively in pre-clinical and clinical studies. The aim of this study was to compare the level of growth factors releasing from A-PRF and CGF, and their clinical efficacy in the regenerative management of intrabony defects (IBDs). METHODS Thirty-two blood samples were collected from 8 healthy donors and assessed for PDGF-AB, VEGF, BMP-2 and TGF-β1 release at indicated times. In addition, the clinical records of forty-five patients (15 per group) who had undergone guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with or without A-PRF/CGF were retrieved. The probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. Intrabony component (IC) depth, radiographic bone level (RBL) and bone defect filling were assessed radiographically. RESULTS A-PRF had a looser fibrin network than the CGF but presented larger amounts of growth factors with a more sustained release period. Although there was no difference in PPD reduction, CAL gain, RBL height change and defect filling (%) between A-PRF and CGF group, both achieved a more favorable clinical result in IC height reduction and defect filling (%) than the control. CONCLUSION A-PRF and CGF have the ability to stimulate a continual and steady release of total growth factors over a 14-day period. A-PRF and CGF show a similar effectiveness in periodontal bone regeneration with a potential benefit of improving GTR outcomes in IBD treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
New heat shock protein (Hsp90) inhibitors, designed by pharmacophore modeling and virtual screening: synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular dynamics studies

Abstract Inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is known to be a significantly effective strategy in cancer therapy. Here, pyrazolopyranopyrimidine derivatives were characterized as new Hsp90 inhibitors. The molecules’ key structure (ZINC02819805) was determined by utilizing a pharmacophore model virtual screening workflow. Structural optimization was then carried out on compound ZINC02819805, pyrazolopyranopyrimidine derivatives were designed and six chosen derivatives were synthesized. The inhibition of Hsp90 ATPase activity of synthesized compounds revealed that para methylphenyl derivative of pyrazolopyranopyrimidine (HM3) was the most potent inhibitor (IC50 = 5.5 µM). The anti-proliferative activity of this compound was evaluated against a panel of cell lines including MCF-7, HeLa and HUVEC (IC50 = 1.28 µM, IC50 = 1.74 µM and IC50 = 61.48 µM respectively) by MTT method. The western blot analysis of treated MCF-7 cells with compound HM3 showed that the expression level of Hsp70 and Her2 proteins changed. The high level of Hsp70 expression and low level of Her2 expression suggest that compound HM3 exhibits inhibitory effect on Hsp90. Finally, the key interactions between HM3 and Hsp90 protein were studied by molecular dynamics simulation and showed that compound HM3 was stable in Hsp90 active cite during 200 ns simulation. AbbreviationsHsp90 Heat shock protein 90MTT 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromideATP adenosine triphosphateMD molecular dynamics simulationRMSD root-mean-square deviationRMSF root-mean-square fluctuationRg gyration radiusm-SABNPs boehmite nanoparticles-supported sulfamic acid Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma