Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Program-to-Policy Linkage: A Comparative Study of Election Pledges and Government Policies in the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Ireland

The program-to-policy linkage refers to the level of congruence between what political parties promise during election campaigns, as set out in their election programs, and the policies delivered by governments after elections. The program-to-policy linkage is an important element of modern democratic theory. Moreover, institutionalist theories predict variation in the strength of the linkage according to the extent to which parties hold control over the levers of power. For instance, we expect a stronger linkage for parties that go on to form single-party governments that control both the executive and legislative branches after the elections than for parties that must share power. In coalition governments, we expect that control over relevant ministerial portfolios is a key explanatory factor. Over time, economic conditions should also affect the types of policy commitments parties make and the ability of governing parties to deliver on those commitments. In this paper we examine the program-to-policy linkage by focusing on election pledges: campaign policy commitments that are specific enough for researchers to test whether they were fulfilled during the subsequent governing period. We study the fulfillment of 6,552 election pledges in four countries (the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Ireland) over a thirty-year period, from the 1970s to early 2000s. Particular attention is given to the fulfillment of the 3,576 pledges made by parties that controlled the presidency or entered single-party or coalition governments after the elections. The countries and time periods selected contain considerable variation in institutional conditions, including single-party governments (in the UK and Ireland), divided governments (in the US), coalition governments (Ireland and the Netherlands) and minority governments (Ireland). The cases selected also contain variation in economic conditions. We also report on ongoing collaborate research in which we and other colleagues are studying election pledges in eleven countries.
World Gastroenterology Organisation practice guideline

Review team J. Heathcote (Chair, Canada), Z. Abbas (Pakistan), A. Alberti (Italy), Y. Benhamou (France), C. Chen (Taiwan), A. Elewaut (Belgium), P. Ferenci (Austria), C. Hui (Hong Kong), V. Isakov (Russia), H. Janssen (The Netherlands), G. Lau (Hong Kong), S. Lim (Singapore), T. Okanoue (Japan), S. Ono-Nita (Brazil), T. Piratvisuth (Thailand), M. Rizzetto (Italy), I. Sollano (Phillippines), W. Spearman (South Africa), C-T. Yeh (Taiwan), M. Yuen (Hong Kong), J. Krabshuis (France)
Improved 3-D frequency-selective structures and their applications

xii LIST OF FIGURES . xv LIST OF TABLES . xxix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background . 1 1.1.1 2-D Bandpass Frequency-Selective Surface . 5 1.1.2 2-D Bandstop Frequency-Selective Surface . 12 1.1.3 Microwave Absorber . 16 1.1.4 Absorptive Frequency-Selective Structure . 18 1.2 Motivation . 18 1.2. 1 Limitations of Frequency-Selective Surfaces/Structures . 19 1.2. 2 Limitations of Absorber Design . 20 1.2. 3 Limitations of Absorptive Frequency-Selective Transmission Structure . 20 1.3 Objectives . 21 1.4 Major Contributions of the Thesis . 22 1.5 Organization of the Thesis . 24
Comparison of the Immediate Effect between Functional Electrical Stimulation and Ankle Foot Orthoses on Gait Parameters in Cerebral Palsy

Aim: To compare the immediate effect of functional electrical stimulation (FES) to solid ankle foot orthosis (SAFO) concerning spatiotemporal parameters and ankle kinematics during gait in hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP). significantly decreased (p=0.001). Further, Solid AFO increased ankle dorsiflexion at initial contact (6.2±4.7º) and mid-swing (3.4±0.6º) more than FES at initial contact (1.86±3.9º) and mid-swing (-4.6± 5º). Conclusion: FES, unlikely found to evoke an immediate effect of spatiotemporal parameters while solid AFO improved the gait efficiency by enhancing spatiotemporal parameters. Both treatment interventions increased ankle dorsiflexion at initial contact and mid-swing but solid AFO was more effective immediately than FES.
Effects of Various Resistance Training Methods on Overhand Throwing Power Athletes: A Brief Review

SUMMARY THROWING VELOCITY IS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT TO THE OVERHAND THROWING POWER ATHLETE'S SUCCESS. THIS ARTICLE BRIEFLY REVIEWS THE RESULTS AND SHORTCOMINGS OF PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED RESEARCH THAT USED GENERAL, SPECIAL, SPECIFIC, AND COMBINED TRAINING METHODS IN AN ATTEMPT TO INCREASE THROWING VELOCITY OF OVERHAND THROWING POWER ATHLETES OR ACTIVITIES THAT REQUIRE OVERHAND THROWING ACTIONS. ADDITIONALLY, THIS ARTICLE SUGGESTS PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS ON HOW AND WHEN TO APPLY THESE FINDINGS.
Clinical Study on Analgesic Effect of Acupoint Injection at Cervical Jiaji Points for the Treatment of Cervical Spondylosis of Nerve Root Type

Objective: To observe the analgesic effect of acupoint injection at cervical Jiaji points for the treatment of cervical spondylosis of nerve root type.Methods:Ninety-five patients with cervical spondylosis of nerve root type were randomized into treatment group and control group.Patients in treatment group received acupoint injection at cervical Jiaji points,while patients in control group received acupuncture and electroacupuncture.The time of onset,acting time and analgesic effect were evaluated.Results:The mean time of onset of analgesic effect was shorter,the duration was longer and the analgesic effect was better in treatment group compared with those in control group(P0.05). Conclusion:Compared with acupuncture and electroacupuncture,acupoint injection at cervical Jiaji points displays better instant as well as long-term analgesic effect.
Effect of perinatal adversity on structural connectivity of the developing brain

3 Lay summary . 5 Declaration . 7 Acknowledgements . 8 Publications. 9 List of figures. 17 List of tables . 19 List of abbreviationsviations . 20 1. General Introduction . 23 1.1. Preterm birth . 23 1.1.1. Neurodevelopmental Outcome after Preterm Birth . 24 1.2. Preterm Brain Injury . 27 1.2.1. Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage-Intraventricular Hemorrhage . 28 1.2.2. Periventricular leukomalacia . 28 1.2.2.1 PVL: Focal brain injury . 29 1.2.2. 2 PVL: Diffuse brain injury . 30 1.2. 3. Detection and grading of the preterm brain injury . 32 1.2. 4. Outcome of the preterm brain injury. 35 1.3. Magnetic Resonance Imaging . 37 1.3. 1. Diffusion MRI . 40
Effects of edaravone on acute cerebral infarction

Objective: To observe the effects of edaravone on acute cerebral infarction(ACI). Methods: 100 ACI patients that were admitted to hospital 6~48h after onset were randomly divided into treatment group and control group by half.The treatment group was given intravenous edaravone by drops(30 mg edaravone were added to 100 mL physiological saline),twice a day for 10 days.The control group was given the same treatments except edaravone.Conditions of both groups before and after the treatment were evaluated by NIHSS,and were compared with each other.Results: 7 d,14 d,30 d after treatment,NIHSS scores of the treatment group were significant lower than that of the control group than that of the control group. (P0.05);14d,30d after treatment,and both obvious effects and effects rates of the treatment group were significant higher than that of the control group(P0.05). Conclusion: Edaravone is effective on ACI without any serious adverse reaction being observed.
Superimposed high-frequency jet ventilation for laryngeal and tracheal surgery.

OBJECTIVE To describe our experience with superimposed high-frequency jet ventilation (SHFJV), which does not require any endotracheal tubes or catheters, for performing laryngeal and tracheal surgery. DESIGN A case series of 500 patients. SETTING A university medical center. PATIENTS Four hundred sixty adult patients and 40 children in a consecutive sample who required laryngeal or tracheal surgery under SHFJV. INTERVENTIONS The SHFJV uses 2 jet streams with different frequencies simultaneously and is applied using a jet laryngoscope. Ventilation was performed with an air-oxygen mixture, and intravenous agents were used for anesthesia. Arterial blood gas values were analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Reported values of oxygenation and ventilation during the application of SHFJV and laryngotracheal surgery. RESULTS In 497 patients, adequate oxygenation with a mean +/- SD PaO2 of 91.8 +/- 22.9 mm Hg and ventilation with a PaCO2 of 29.7 +/- 5.5 mm Hg were achieved using SHFJV. The average duration of the application of ventilation was 27 minutes, and the longest duration was 118 minutes. No complications due to the ventilation technique were observed. Laser surgery was performed in 150 patients. CONCLUSIONS The use of SHFJV in combination with the jet laryngoscope provides patients with sufficient ventilation during laryngotracheal surgery. Even in patients at high risk because of pulmonary or cardiac disease, this technique can be applied safely. In patients with stenosis, the ventilation is applied from above the stenosis, reducing the risk of barotrauma. The SHFJV can be used for tracheobronchial stent insertion, and laser can be used without any additional protective measures.
P2-15 Genetic polymorphisms of innate immunity-related inflammatory pathways and their association with factors related to type 2 diabetes

Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been linked to a state of chronic inflammation due to innate immunity. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines are elevated in the early stages of T2DM and increase with disease progression. Genetic variation can affect the innate immune response to environmental factors, and may determine an individual's risk of disease. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in 7384 subjects from the TwinsUK Registry to evaluate the association between 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in five genes (TLR4, IL1A, IL6, TNFA, and CRP) along the innate immunity-related inflammatory pathway and biomarkers of predisposition to T2DM [fasting insulin and glucose, HDL- and LDL- cholesterols, triglycerides (TGs), amyloid-A, sensitive C reactive protein (sCRP) and vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) and body mass index (BMI)]. Results Of the 18 SNPs examined (18 SNPs with 9 phenotypes), 14 were significantly associated with a metabolic risk factors for T2D (P£0.0027). Fasting insulin was associated with SNPs in IL6, TLR4 and TNFA, whereas serum LDL-C was associated with variants of IL1A and IL6. Serum CRP level was associated with SNPs in IL1A, IL6, TLR4 and CRP. Correlation among the different factors related to risk of T2DM showed a significant (p<0.0001) positive correlation between BMI and glucose (r=0.22), insulin (r=0.23), amyloid-A (r=0.23), sCRP (r=0.37), LDL-C (r=0.09) and TGs (r=0.32). Conclusion Genetic variants in the innate immunity pathway are associated with biomarkers of T2DM and metabolic syndrome, an observation that may provide a rationale for studying their use in early disease risk prediction.
NON-STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT INTERACTIONS BETWEEN TREATMENTS AND AN APPROACH FOR DEALING WITH THESE STATUSES

to the leaves with uniform coverage using a knapsack sprayer. The application was carried out between 9.0 and 11.0 h [6]. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used for both experiments. Seeds were planted on 3 April in season I and 20 April in season II. Hills were spaced 25 cm apart on one side of the ridge, with seedlings thinned to two plants hill-1 six weeks after planting. The total amount of surface irrigation applied during the growing season was about 6,000-m3 per hectare. Plots were irrigated every two weeks until the end of the season (October 11, in season I and October 17 in season II), for a total of nine irrigations. Phosphorus (P) fertilizer was applied at the rate of 24 kg P per hectare as calcium super phosphate during land preparation. The K fertilizer applied at the rate of 47 kg K per before the first irrigation (the Abstract A field experiment on cotton yield resulted in a non-statistically significant interaction. An approach for follow-up examination between treatments based on least significant difference values was suggested to identify the effect regardless of insignificance. It was found that the classical formula used in calculating the significance of interactions suffers a possible shortage that can be eliminated by applying a suggested revision.
Changes in the Nikkei 500: New Evidence for Downward Sloping Demand Curves for Stocks

This study investigates the price and trading volume effects of changes in the Nikkei 500. On average, price increases (decreases) significantly for stocks added (deleted) with no post-event reversal. Trading volume, on average, increases significantly for both additions and deletions in the short run. Furthermore, long-term trading volume drops (rises) significantly for stocks added (deleted), suggesting gradual index-linked trading behavior. We interpret these evidences as supportive of only the hypothesis of downward-sloping demand curves for stocks. Finally, as expected, changes in the Nikkei 500 induce considerably smaller (in magnitude) price changes than changes in the S&P 500.
Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches

Qualitative marketing research WikipediaQualitative Research DesignsWhat is Qualitative Research? Quantitative and Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative InquiryAn overview of qualitative research methodology for public Validity, reliability, and generalizability in qualitative Creswell, J.W. 2013. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design. (PDF) Qualitative research design: An interactive approachIntroduction to Qualitative Research MethodologiesQualitative vs Quantitative Research Questions Thesis Qualitative Research Paradigm | Educational Research Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design | SAGE Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Qualitative vs Quantitative Research | Simply PsychologyWriting Chapter 3 – Methodology for Qualitative Research Phenomenology Qualitative Research Methods LibGuides Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among MCQS Question: Qualitative ResearchCharacteristics of Qualitative Observational ResearchQualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Nurses and Qualitative Research | Lamar University OnlineResearch Journals – The Qualitative Report – Research Narrative Research Analysis of Qualitative Data Design (PDF) Creswell_Qualitative_Inquiry_Resaerch_Design_Five CHAPTER 4 Quantitative and Qualitative ResearchA R T I C L E Qualitative Research Sonia Ospina Robert F Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods | SAGE Qualitative Research DesignQualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among A Narrative Approach to Qualitative Inquiry | American Action research Qualitative Study Design LibGuides at 10.2 Sampling in qualitative research – Scientific Inquiry Research Websites – The Qualitative Report – Research Strength and Limitations of a Qualitative Research Design Qualitative Methods Research Guides at University of Qualitative Research Design SAGE Publications IncQUALITATIVE RESEARCH: CHOOSING AMONG FIVE TRADITIONS . What is Qualitative Research & When Should You Use It? Amazon.com: Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Qualitative research Wikipedia
Lipid-Based Vehicles for Gene Delivery-Concept, Achievements and Future Development

Gene therapy represents one contemporary approach for the treatment of congenital and acquired diseases. In the last decade extensive research has been conducted on the potential for gene therapy in correcting genetic diseases, including, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, hematologic diseases, immune system disorders, arthritis, asthma, hemophilia, autoimmunity, neurodegenerative disorders and others. Gene therapy is also being examined as a therapeutic for acquired diseases, including, cancer, AIDS, infectious diseases, and cardiac and vascular disease. In order to achieve a successful gene therapy in mammalian systems, a safe, nontoxic, non-inflammatory, and efficacious delivery system is required. This system should mediate intracellular delivery and expression of exogenous DNA with high efficiency. Various approaches are currently under investigation by many laboratories developing gene therapy. These include the use of facilitating agents, such as calcium phosphate (Wigler et al., 1977), DEAE dextran (Ishikawa and Homcy, 1992); microinjection of DNA (Capecchi, 1980), electroporation (Paquereau and Cam, 1992), viral vectors (Ferry et al., 1991; Culver et al., 1992), ballistic guns, and receptor mediated gene transfer. A wide variety of non-viral gene delivery systems has been developed for gene therapy (Felgner, 1990; Wagner et al., 1990; Behr, 1993). Liposomes have been used for this purpose (Felgner et al., 1987; Mannino et al., 1988; Legendre et al., 1992, Behr et al., 1989; Smyth-Templeton et al., 1997). All these approaches have advantages but also limitations
Scientific titles in Veterinary Medicine research papers

The research paper conveys scientific results in its different sections (title, abstract, introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion and conclusions). Within the research papers’ economy, titles have a wide communicative share because, by summarising content in a concise way, they attract readers’ attention. This article wants to discuss the format of titles (nominal structure, full-sentence structure, compound structure and question structure) in a small corpus of veterinary medicine research papers as the result of a seminar offered to PhD students of one Italian faculty of Veterinary Medicine.
Using Three-Dimensional Computer Tomography Reconstruction and Distraction Osteogenesis Techniques for Personalized Correction on Hemifacial Microsomia

Objective To explore a technique for a personalized treatment of hemifacial microsomia by using three-dimensional computer tomography reconstruction and distraction osteogenesis techniques.Methods According to the measurement and analysis of the preoperative X ray cephalometric radiographs and three-dimensional computer tomography reconstructive data of the 8 patients with hemifacial microsomia,personalized surgical schemes were made.Through an external oral approach,the mandible was lengthened,and the mandible deformity of the hemifacial microsomia was corrected by surgery.Results All patients achieved satisfactory results of mandibular lengthening,the range of distraction distance extends from 18 mm to 25 mm.The facial asymmetry deformities were improved obviously.Conclusion Three-dimensional computer tomography reconstruction and distraction osteogenesis techniques are very suitable for the treatment of hemifacial microsomia.
The Assessment and Management of Palpitations in Primary Care

Palpitations, the abnormal perception of a heart beating, are a common cause for presentation to a GP and have a prevalence of up to 16% in primary care consultations. They are associated with long-term morbidity with a substantial proportion of patients reporting concern and anxiety despite the exclusion of a significant underlying cause. Palpitations are the second most common reason for a GP to refer to specialist cardiology. The challenge for GPs is to be able to differentiate palpitations of a benign aetiology, from those related to a significant underlying arrhythmia that requires prompt investigation and referral. This article aims to highlight the factors involved in making an assessment and stratifying risk in patients presenting with palpitations in a primary care setting.
Profits and balance sheet developments at U.S. commercial banks in 1998

The performance of the U.S. commercial banking industry remained strong in 1998, but slipped a bit from the remarkable results of recent years. Both the return on assets and the return on equity edged down last year, although they remained high by historical standards. While supported by growth in fee income, profitability was damped by a large decline in the rates banks earned on their interest-bearing assets relative to the rates they paid on their liabilities, and also by higher noninterest costs, especially merger and restructuring expenses. Profitability was uneven last year across bank sizes: Whereas the largest and the smallest banks posted lower earnings, the profits of medium-sized banks--which account for almost two-thirds of industry assets--improved once again in 1998. Nevertheless, though these figures attest to the profitability of most banks, the share of bank assets at unprofitable institutions increased 2 percentage points, to 2.6 percent, the highest since 1994.
Plantar Pressure Asymmetry in Patients Six Months after Surgical Treatment of Calcaneal Fractures in Adults

Aim: To compare plantar pressure distribution and contact time in patients in month 6 following operative treatment of calcaneal fractures. Study Design: Walking on the tensometric platform. Place and Duration of Study: Regional Hospital, Trauma Centrum, between September 2014 and October 2015. Methodology: Gait analysis was carried out on seven patients (38±9 years; 1.79±0.05 m; 83±8 kg). Measurements were made using a pedobarography platform. The factors observed comprised: total contact time (CT), peak pressure (PP), maximum vertical force (Fz), heel contact time (CT-heel), peak pressure under the heel (PP-heel), and the force-time integral (FTI). The Short Research Article Jandova et al.; BJMMR, 15(4): 1-8, 2016; Article no.BJMMR. 25189 2 analysis was based on the data from both the healthy and the affected lower limb; values for symmetry index (SI) were computed. Results: Out of 7 patients, all patients with a longer contact time on the healthy feet were documented. The healthy limbs demonstrated peak pressure values that were predominantly higher beneath the heel, and under the first metatarsus head and under the big toe. On the affected limbs centre of pressure line shifted laterally. Foot contact was applied more often on the outer side of the foot. Not a clear trend was found in the contact time beneath the heel with the ground when 4 patients shortened the duration of the heel contact on the affected limb. Conclusion: The observed patients still show significant lateral changes in dynamic parameters, which is also reflected in the duration of the individual phases of the gait cycle. The calculation of the index of symmetry for the tracked variables showed significant differences between healthy and affected limbs, although all the patients had returned to their working environments at the time of the measurement. This pilot study is a starting point for future work and co-operation between the University and the Trauma Centrum.