Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The failure analysis of 30um*200um TSV interposer

With the development of 3D SIP, TSV interposers are more and more widely used, and its reliability receives broader concern. As CTEs of copper and silicon are different in TSV interposer, it is easy to be affected by thermal stress and lead to failure in the process of processing and use. Therefore, an annealing treatment is usually conducted after electroplating to release stress. Different sizes and distributions of TSV produce different stress effects in the production process. In this paper, an interposer with low opening rate and large size TSV ， frequently cracks after annealing, is simulated and analyzed.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biota from the Brisbane River Estuary, Australia

Abstract Six species of aquatic organisms from the Brisbane River estuarine system were sampled and their tissues analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These were the sea mullet, Mugil cephalus , bony bream, Nematolosa come , blue catfish, Arius graffei , mud crab, Scylla serrata , pelican, Pelecanus conspicillatus , and silver gull, Larus novaehollandiae . PAHs in the muscle (fish and birds) and soft (crab) tissue samples were isolated by first hydrolysing these samples and then solvent extraction followed by column chromatography. The compounds were then identified and quantified by gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The samples contained low levels of PAHs that ranged in molecular weight from 128 (naphthalene) to 252 (benzo[k]fluoranthene). The highest total PAH level of 195 ng g −1 , wet weight, was recorded in mullet samples whereas the blue catfish samples yielded the lowest level of 43 ng g −1 . Relative ratios of low molecular weight (≤3-rings) compounds to those with high molecular weights (≤4-rings) suggested a petroleum related origin for the PAHs detected in the organisms. Results indicated that significant biomagnification of PAHs in the estuarine ecosystem sampled is highly unlikely. Characteristics such as the trophic level and size/age were not significant factors in determining the corresponding tissue PAH levels in the fish and crab species. Tissue lipid content, however, was found to be a primary factor in determining the PAH concentrations in fish species. PAH levels recorded in the samples are comparable to those levels reported from similarly urbanized areas in other geographical locations.
Study of V-groove on Leadframe/Epoxy Mold Compound Delamination Improvement

The design of packages with high performance while maintaining the highest possible reliability is a challenge. To design reliable packages, understanding all possible failure modes as possible is becoming a key. Delamination is still a potential concern on product reliability, especially delamination at leadframe and epoxy mould compound (EMC) interface. A good understanding of factor effect on delamination factors will help to drive improvements on design and process optimization to minimize delamination concern. In this study, simulations are conducted to investigate effects of V-groove angle, depth and location on delamination propagation at the leadframe (LF)/EMC interface, indicating that smaller V-groove angle together with deeper V-groove and V- groove located far away from body edge can help reduce risk of delamination propagation. However it can also trigger other concerns, like crack near V-groove tip and difficulty in leadframe manufacturing. Therefore, V-groove design has to be optimized to achieve delamination requirement, and also fulfill process specification in the assembly line and capability of leadframe suppliers. This study demonstrates simulation driven development on delamination improvement.
Design of a New Topology Flux Switching Machine for Direct Drive Wind Power Application

By development of wind power plants especially in offshore applications, higher reliability and more simplicity is required for minimizing provision and maintenance costs. Direct drive generators are reliable alternatives for conventional doubly-fed induction generators since gearbox is omitted from the cycle. The main issue of these generators is their large dimension which makes their manufacturing, transmission, assembly, and installation difficult on the power plant tower. A flux switching generator with a new configuration is proposed in this paper, which has a desired electromagnetic feature for direct drive wind power application. Hence, in line with wind power plant applications, three features including sinusoidal generated voltage, minimum cogging torque, and minimum unbalanced magnetic force are considered as the proposed configuration basis. To assess the electromagnetic performance of topology of the proposed generator, its modelling and simulation is carried out by 2D Finite Element Software. The analysis results confirm the appropriateness of the new structure for power plant applications.
GPR Clutter Reduction by Robust Orthonormal Subspace Learning

The clutter severely decreases the target visibility, thus the detection rates in ground penetrating radar (GPR) systems. Recently proposed robust principal component analysis (RPCA) based clutter removal method decomposes the GPR image into its low rank and sparse parts corresponding to clutter and target components. Motivated by its encouraging results, many lower complexity low rank and sparse decomposition (LRSD) methods such as go decomposition (GoDec) or robust non-negative matrix factorization (RNMF) have been applied to GPR. This paper proposes a new clutter reduction method using robust orthonormal subspace learning (ROSL). The raw GPR image is decomposed into its clutter and target parts via ROSL. The proposed method is faster than the popular RPCA. Although it has similar complexity, and similar performance with GoDec and RNMF for fine tuned parameters of these methods, the proposed method does not require any presetting of the algorithm parameters. Its performance remains independent for a broad range parameter value. Results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves 14 – 48% higher performance in terms of PSNR values than the state-of-the-art LRSD methods for an arbitrary parameter choice.
ConvNet Transfer Learning for GPR Images Classification

The ground penetrating radar (GPR) is an important tool for detecting and defining buried objects. One of the main problems facing this method is the high probability of false alarms, therefor proper signal processing has to be considered. In this paper, the matched filter algorithm has been implemented to process the GPR data. After processing the data and detecting the underground reflections, further processing is mandatory to classify these reflections, therefore, a convolutional neural network (ConvNet) is presented for classifying these responses. The ConvNets are considered as the best artificial intelligence algorithms for image classification problems. Generally, a ConvNet requires a very large number of images to be trained well and to achieve the best results. To overcome the problem of having a limited amount of the GPR data, the ConvNet has been trained on another popular dataset, which is the Fashion-MNIST, and then transfer learning is applied to use the learned features of the network with the limited GPR dataset. The network performance has been monitored and the classification results show a high degree of precision and accuracy.
A Review of Techniques and Challenges in Green Communication

Green technology, a technology that has motivated everyone towards itself. The reason behind it is the advancement of the modern era. Likewise, with the advancement in communication researchers have the main focus of making this communication as green as possible. In cellular technology, the increase in the number of users demands high data rates, and the evolution of 5G is the best solution to fulfill this problem. As demand increases the energy computation increases and evolution of CO2 also increases. Increment in the level of CO2 in the environment is a health hazard. In this paper, we briefly discuss the techniques and challenges of green communication. The techniques include D2D communication, mMIMO systems, heterogeneous networks (HetNets) and G-IoT. The challenges include cost, spectral efficiency, and bandwidth.
Locally linear back-propagation based contribution for nonlinear process fault diagnosis

This paper proposes a novel locally linear back-propagation based contribution ( LLBBC ) for nonlinear process fault diagnosis. As a method based on the deep learning model of auto-encoder ( AE ) , LLBBC can deal with the fault diagnosis problem through extracting nonlinear features. When the on-line fault diagnosis task is in progress, a locally linear model is firstly built at the current fault sample. According to the basic idea of reconstruction based contribution ( RBC ) , the propagation of fault information is described by using back-propagation ( BP ) algorithm. Then, a contribution index is established to measure the correlation between the variable and the fault, and the final diagnosis result is obtained by searching variables with large contributions. The smearing effect, which is an important factor affecting the performance of fault diagnosis, can be suppressed as well, and the theoretical analysis reveals that the correct diagnosis can be guaranteed by LLBBC. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified through a nonlinear numerical example and the Tennessee Eastman benchmark process.
An Indoor Localization Service using 360 Degree Spherical Camera

360 degree spherical cameras are often used for localization of devices in the field of robotics, as it can obtain wider range of information compared to usual cameras. In this paper, we propose the use of such spherical cameras in the field of indoor navigation systems. Our system is made up of a cloud service that manages photos tagged with coordinates and features, and by sending the spherical image to the service, the estimated coordinates of the user’s position is returned. We confirmed through experiments that our system can be used to augment existing indoor navigation systems in reducing the localization errors.
The Influence Factors of Knowledge Resilience in Sustaining Knowledge Network in Smart Cities Environment

The smart cities concept has become a globally engaging topic among researchers, practitioners, and decisionmakers in the last decade. There are many advantages in upgrading urban infrastructure and services in order to sustain current cities. However, the most significant challenge is how to ensure that the knowledge network remains resilient within the environment of smart cities, in order to sustain them. Knowledge resilience has been thought to bring numerous benefits to smart cities. This study aims to review the extent to which knowledge resilience influence knowledge network in smart cities. This study employs the systematic literature review methodology as a guideline in order to identify, evaluate and interpret all the available research on the knowledge resilience factor and smart cities. Eight factors that influenced knowledge resilience in smart cities were identified. Understanding these factors in relation to knowledge resilience will contribute to potential development and successful advancements of smart and sustainable cities.
Extracting Detour Spots Using Skip-gram Model from Geo-tagged Tweets

Numerous contents have been uploaded to social media sites are useful to analyze the tourist behaviors and recommend other tourist spots. In this paper, we propose a method for extracting detour spots from user movement represented by those contents. Our approach uses a new Skip-gram model to learn movements between a pair of locations quantized by their latitude and the longitude. The generated embedding vectors represent the relationships between the movements from one area to the next. We demonstrated that the embedded vectors generated with our proposed method could extract detour spots for a travel route.
Evaluation of the Physiological Effects of Fragrances in a Visual Search Task

As a basic study for the utilization of fragrances in car cabins, the physiological effects of fragrances (odors) were examined in a visual search task simulating the acquisition of visual information while driving. Behavioral, physiological, and subjectively reported indices were analyzed to estimate the effects of odor while performing the task. The results suggested that the mental strain caused by the task was attenuated by the effect of odors on the modulation of the autonomic nervous system, and as a result, fatigue was reduced without impairment of performance. It was also assumed that this effect might be triggered with a change in breathing patterns caused by the odor.
Actin Filaments Purified from Tobacco Cultured BY-2 Cells Can Be Translocated by Plant Myosin

Actin filaments (AFs) and microtubules (MTs) are essential constituents of the cytoskeleton in plant cells. Sliding of motor proteins along these cytoskeletons is believed to be necessary in various cellular functions. In our previous study [Yokota et al. (1995b) Plant Cell Physiol. 36: 1563], we succeeded in isolating tubulin from cultured tobacco BY-2 cells, which in its polymerized form can be translocated by the MT-based motor protein, dynein, in vitro. In the present study, the method was modified to purify both tubulin and actin. Purified actin could be polymerized and decorated by subfragment-1 (S-l) of skeletal muscle myosin. In the motility assay in vitro, AFs, thus prepared, could be translocated by plant myosin isolated from lily pollen tubes. The sliding velocity of those AFs was similar to that of animal AFs prepared from chicken breast muscle, and comparable with the velocity of cytoplasmic streaming in living pollen tubes of lily. Using S-l, motility assay was carried out. The sliding velocity of plant AFs and that of muscle AFs were also similar. As far as we know, this is the first report of the sliding of isolated plant AFs with myosin.
Characterization of Assembly Skillfulness in Preparation of Medical Equipment

The research addresses the characterization of the assembly skillfulness for clinical procedures with an analysis of the operator’s mental and behavioral activities. The focal point of this study is to present a method for denoting novice behavioral trends and dispositions with attention or confusion by physio-psychological indices and hand manipulation movements, in the preparation of a hemodialysis blood circuit. Our approach utilized the electrocardiogram (ECG), electrodermal activity (EDA), and inertial measurement units (IMU) on the wrists. Also, synchronized video recording examined the context sequence of the assembly task. Thirteen undergraduates who belong to a clinical engineering course participated in the experiment. They were knowledgeable but in training for hemodialysis procedures. Short-time Fourier transform (STFT) examined frequency features over the time in the RR intervals (RRI), and EDA responses revealed content-specific arousals of the sympathetic nerve during the assembly task. Hand movements through the IMU measurement enumerated degrees of continuities and intensity of movement. Results prospect feasibility of the method for describing the assembly skill characterized by attention or confusion in particular contexts, that expected to contribute to the skill enhancement in practice with useful feedback indicating the trigger factors.
RF properties of stretchable transmission line structures

Today, most electronic components are implemented on rigid substrates. However, many objects in daily-life, e.g. our skin, tapes, textiles or plastic are not rigid - they are bendable, stretchable, and even morphable. Stretchable electronic components are required to combine electronics and bendable daily-life items. This paper describes stretchable radio frequency transmission line designs, which are a first attempt to the usage of stretchable electronics at high frequencies. Two different meander shaped lines were designed, simulated, fabricated and measured. The propagation constant, as a central transmission line parameter, reveals a characteristic dependence on the stretching level, caused by corresponding changes of geometry and electrical length, which can be exploited in tailored applications.
Complete neighbourhood centrality and its application

Personifying the most critical node in a network has a crucial task in the network analysis, and it has enormous applications in everyday life. Centrality measures are commonly used to find influential nodes. In this article, a new centrality measure named complete neighbourhood centrality is introduced. At last, an application is discussed.
Empirical Bounds of Multicore Cache Interference for Real-Time Schedulability Analysis

Multicore processors offer significant advantages of weight, power, and space to embedded real-time developers, making their adoption almost inevitable. Also, system sustainability and economies of scale will increasingly make multicore devices indispensable. However, predictability of performance, specifically, establishing realistic upper bounds on execution time for schedulability analysis is a significant challenge to certification. This paper describes a methodology for empirically establishing a reasonable, high-confidence upper bound for cache interference effects in the context of engineering practices commonly used in certifiable real-time systems.
Demagnetization Fault Diagnosis of FSPM Motor Based on ReliefF and SVM

Demagnetization is one of the most probable faults occurring in Permanent Magnet (PM) motors. One of the recently developed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs), is the Flux Switching Permanent Magnet (FSPM) motor whose PM is placed on the stator. In this paper, an approach is proposed for the diagnosis of the demagnetization fault in a flux switching permanent magnet motor using electromagnetic torque. In this approach, the harmonic components of the electromagnetic torque are obtained, and then, ReliefF feature selection method is utilized to select the best-ranked harmonic component. The selected harmonic component is then applied to the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier to classify different states of the motor's PM. The proposed approach is validated by Finite Element Model (FEM) simulation.
The Occurrence of Potential Harmful Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins in the Obrzyca River (Poland), a Source of Drinking Water

Harmful cyanobacteria and their cyanotoxins may contaminate drinking water resources and their effective control remains challenging. The present study reports on cyanobacterial blooms and associated cyanotoxins in the Obrzyca River, a source of drinking water in Poland. The river was examined from July to October 2019 and concentrations of microcystins, anatoxin-a, and cylindrospermopsin were monitored. The toxicity of water samples was also tested using an ecotoxicological assay. All studied cyanotoxins were detected with microcystins revealing the highest levels. Maximal microcystin concentrations (3.97 μg/L) were determined in September at Uście point, exceeding the provisional guideline. Extracts from Uście point, where the dominant species were Dolichospermum flos-aquae (August), Microcystis aeruginosa (September), and Planktothrix agardhii (October), were toxic for Dugesia tigrina Girard. Microcystin concentrations (MC-LR and MC-RR) were positively correlated with cyanobacteria biovolume. Analysis of the chemical indicators of water quality has shown relationships between them and microcystins as well as cyanobacteria abundance.
Electromagnetic Band Gap Structure Applications in Modern Wireless Perspective: A Review

Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) Structures are of great interest among RF and microwave engineers since their development. Because of their unique characteristics like zero phase reflection and surface wave suppression, they have been used for design of efficient antennas and numerous other applications. This article briefs a review of the three state of the art applications where EBG structures have been utilized namely: Ground Bounce Noise (GBN) suppression or Simultaneous Switching Noise (SSN) suppression, Radar Cross Section (RCS) reduction and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) reduction. SSN reduction up to −60 dB is achieved by printing EBG structures on power plane of mixed signal system. By embedding the EBG structures with patch antenna up to 20 dB reduction in RCS is realized. Up to 84% reduction in the SAR of a mobile phone antenna is obtained as compared to same antenna without any EBG loading. Substantial reduction in the SAR of a Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) antenna is also observed when integrated with EBG structures.
PINK SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS GORBUSCHA) QUALITY DURING ICE AND CHILLED SEAWATER STORAGE

Pink salmon were stored up to ten days in ice, chilled seawater (CSW), transferred from ice to CSW and from CSW to ice, and evaluated by chemical, physical, microbiological, and sensory methods. The sensory quality of CSW-held fish declined at a faster rate than for iced fish. CSW-held fish had higher weight gain, higher salt and hypoxanthine levels and had softer texture than iced fish. Microbial counts were highest for iced fish and a two-log increase occurred during storage. Moraxella species were predominant in the microbial flora of iced fish whereas Pseudomonas species were predominant in the microbial flora of CSW-held fish. Ice was superior to CSW for maintaining salmon quality.
Small Signal Modeling and Controller Design of Integrated Bidirectional Converter for PHEVs

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) equipped with a high energy density converter are capable of supplying power to the electric grid. PHEV charger is a two stage system, which includes a bidirectional AC-DC converter and a bidirectional DC-DC converter. In this paper, an integrated structure is proposed for interleaved bidirectional converter, which has high power density, and as a result, low weight, volume and cost. The proposed charger operates in two modes; charging mode named as Grid to Vehicle (G2V) and discharging mode named as Vehicle to Grid (V2G). To achieve proper performance for converter, its small signal model is presented and a charge controller is proposed for each modes of operation. To verify results, a sample converter with 240V battery nominal voltage, 80A charger current is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The performance of the proposed charger and suitable operation of the controller are investigated and compared with other ones.