Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of Pores in the Carbothermal Reduction of Carbon−Silica Nanocomposites into Silicon Carbide Nanostructures

Silicon carbide nanostructures were synthesized by carbothermal reduction of carbon−silica (C−SiO2) nanocomposites. C−SiO2 nanocomposites with C/SiO2 molar ratios of 1.90−4.21 were used in this study. Thermogravimetric analysis, nitrogen sorption, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize C−SiO2 nanocomposites and SiC products. Highly crystalline SiC nanoparticles and nanofibers (CS-3.28 and CS-4.21) were obtained from mesoporous C−SiO2 nanocomposites with the carbon content greater than a C/SiO2 stoichiometric ratio of 3 (e.g., C/SiO2 = 3.28 and 4.21 by mole), and they had a BET surface area of 83.0−76.7 m2/g after unreacted silica and carbon were removed. In contrast, SiC was not formed in the mesoporous C−SiO2 nanocomposites with a lower carbon content (e.g., C/SiO2 = 1.91 and 2.51 by mole). However, when such mesoporous nanocomposites were infiltrated with a small amount of carbon, SiC nanoparticles and nanofi.
Metal buffer layers and Y‐Ba‐Cu‐O thin films on Pt and stainless steel using pulsed laser deposition

A versatile pulsed laser deposition chamber was employed for fabricating metal buffer layers and superconducting YBaCuO thin films on metallic substrates. Ag buffer layers were found to improve the resistive transition behavior for superconducting films on Pt and stainless steel. As‐deposited YBaCuO films with Tc (R=0) at 84 K were produced on stainless steel using in situ laser‐deposited Ag buffer layers. The critical current density was measured to be approximately 103 A/cm2 at 67 K.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF WIRELESS VERSUS STANDARD THERMOCOUPLES FOR DATA GATHERING AND ANALYSES IN ROTARY COOKERS

The performance of a wireless temperature sensor was compared with that of a conventional thermocouple for gathering heat penetration data. A central composite rotatable design experimental design with three different processing conditions (glycerin concentration [70–100%], retort temperature [111.6–128.4C] and retort speed [4–24 rpm]) were employed using 307 × 409 cans containing the particulate fluid to compare the performance of the two devices. Experiments were performed in a fixed axial mode of rotation in a rotary cooker, and only liquid temperature was measured using both temperature sensors. The heating rate index, fh, cook value to lethality ratio, CO/FO, were evaluated and compared using a t-test. Statistically there were no differences (P > 0.05) in the performance of the two systems with respect to the parameters tested; however, compared with conventional thermocouples, the wireless sensors were more stable, and more practical for use in rotary cookers especially for free axially rotating cans. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS In order to meet the recent industrial demand to optimize the thermal process in rotary cookers, it is imperative that time-temperature data during processing be accurately gathered. To gather temperature data in rotary retorts, standard thermocouples equipped with a slip ring assembly are used together with a data acquisition set up. A biaxially rotating can, as in continuous cooker simulators, would require two such slip rings: one at the can level and one at the retort level, making the data gathering more cumbersome. To assist in such scenarios, use of self-contained “wireless” sensors is more practical. This study focuses on concerns about using wireless sensors due to their own volume influencing the temperature measurement at the critical control point. This study will demonstrate that wireless sensors could potentially replace standard thermocouples for the measurement of temperature for convection-heated food in large size 307 × 409 cans.
Crystal structure of (2H,3S,45,5S)-5-(íerí-butyldimethylsilyl)-3,4-isopropylidene- 2-methylpiperidine-1,3,4,5-tetrol, C15H31NO4Si

C15H31NO4SÍ, orthorhombic, C222i (No. 20), a = 6.921(1) Â, b = 22.156(3) Â, c = 25.351(3) Â, V= 3887.1 Â, Z = 8, Rgl(F) = 0.068, wRreffF2) = 0.187, Τ = 293 Κ. Source of material The title compound (alternative name: 2-O-terf-butylsilyl-3,4-0isopropylidene-1,5,6-trideoxy-N-hydroxy-1,5-imino-D-mannitol) was prepared as follows. Reduction of an (E/Z) mixture of 2-0fe/7-butyldimethylsilyl-3,4-0-isopropylidene-L-arabino5-hexenose oxime [1] with sodium cyanoborohydride in methanol at pH = 3 afforded the corresponding primary hydroxylamine which underwent Cope-House cyclization [2-5] in chloroform at room temperature to give the title compound [6 ,7 ] . This was obtained as a single diastereomer and was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (ethyl acetate / petrol ether 15 :85 ) . Crystallization from methanol afforded colourless plates (mp 438-439 Κ, [<z]° = +23 (c = 1.0, CHCI3). Discussion The hydroxylamine function builds up a system of dimers joint by hydrogen bond pairing. The O-H group works as donor. The Η—Ν distance to the N-acceptor is 2.15 A and the O-H—Ν angle is 154°. The figure shows the distinct envelope conformation of the dioxolan moiety. As expected, the piperidine system has a chair conformation. In the molecule packing, we observe polar layers due to the hydrogen bond systems of the hydroxylamine moieties, and non-polar layers made by the alkyl-silyl moieties stacked along the c axis. The piperidine ring systems show a face-to-face orientation along the a axis. Table I. Data collection and handling. Crystal: Wavelength:
Differential biotransformation of the enantiomers of isoidide dinitrate in isolated rat aorta.

Previous studies have demonstrated that the D-enantiomer of isoidide dinitrate (IIDN) is 10-fold more potent than the L-enantiomer for relaxation and cyclic GMP accumulation in isolated rat aorta. To test whether preferential biotransformation of D-IIDN to a species that activates guanylate cyclase is the basis for this observed enantioselectivity, paired segments of rat aorta were exposed to D- and L-IIDN and the tissue accumulation of the parent compound and the formation of their respective metabolites (D- and L-isoidide mononitrate, IIMN) were determined. The extent of relaxation of rat aorta following exposure to 2 μM D-IIDN was greater than that by L-IIDN over a 5-minute time course, and this was associated with a higher rate of D-IIDN biotransformation to D-IIMN at all time points. In addition, the rate of D-IIDN biotransformation was greater than that of L-IIDN at most IIDN concentrations tested. By contrast, the amount of D- and L-IIDN in the tissue was the same at all time points and concentrati.
Low-Temperature Deposition of Hydrogen-Free Silicon Oxynitride without Stress by the Remote Plasma Technique

Hydrogen-free silicon oxynitride was deposited at 300°C through the reaction of Si from a solid source and neutral oxygen and nitrogen species activated in remote ECR plasma. The IR absorption measurement clearly showed that the composition of oxygen and nitrogen in the film was controlled by simply varying the flow ratio of the source gases of O2 and N2. Oxynitride films without internal stress could be realized by adjusting the film composition of oxygen and nitrogen. The deposited film had high resistivity and breakdown field, and the interface state density between the film and Si was in the lower range of 1010 cm-2eV-1, which were sufficient for device application.
Rancangan Percobaan Aplikatif

Percobaan merupakan tahap pengujian kebenaran hipotesis yang diajuakan dalam suatu penelitian eksperimen, percobaan dapat menentukan berhasil tidakjnya pemecahan yang di tawarkan untuk mengatasi permasalahannya. Di dalam buku ini diuraikan jenis jenis rancangan percobaan yang di kelompokkan berdasarkan kondisi atau lingkungan tempat percobaan berlangsungyang di sebut rancangan lingkungan, aplikasi penataan, pengujian, penyajian, dan interprestasi. Di samping itu juga membahas tentang,: prinsip percobaan dan perancangannya, fungsi percobaan dalam penelitian, aplikasi kondisional ranncangan -rancangan percobaan, AP3ID hasil uji beda perlakuan.
Electrochemical Properties of Copper Proteins, Pseudoazurin and Nitrite Reductase from Achromobacter cycloclastes IAM 1013

Voltammetric response of Achromobacter pseudoazurin at a bis(4-pyridyl)disulfide modified gold electrode shows the quasi-reversible electron transfer process, and the current due to catalytic intermolecular electron transfer reaction between Achromobacter pseudoazurin and nitrite reductase was observed in the presence of excess nitrite as the substrate.
A Novel Cloud-Based Task Scheduling in FogComputing by Using Heuristic Approach

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT), user load is increasing day by day on Cloud infrastructure. Fog computing similar to Edge computing, was introduced between Client and Cloud layer. Fog Computing is attractive due to its real-time services, reduction of transmission delay, response time and processing times. To support such computing there will be a need for very efficient task scheduling like Prioritized scheduling algorithm. This paper presents a Priority-based task scheduling for computing by carrying different parameters like response time, Overall cost and transfer cost. Performance evaluation of Prioritized scheduling shows it performs much efficiently than other algorithms by reducing the response time by 83.46% and Virtual machine cost by 46%. Keywords: Internet of Things, Task scheduling, Fog Computing, Prioritized Algorithm, Cloud-analyst Simulator
Fluid distributions in random media: Arbitrary matrices

The graphical theory of Madden and Glandt [J. Stat. Phys. 51, 537 (1988)] for a fluid adsorbed into a quenched medium has been extended to situations in which the distribution of the immobile species has an arbitrary form, not necessarily arising from a thermal quench. The working equations of Madden and Glandt are shown to be applicable to this general case and the approximations common in the theory of equilibrium mixtures are appropriate in this application as well. Extensions to mixtures are considered and the connection with the graphical theory of small molecules is discussed.
Optimizing the morphology of metal multilayer films for indium tin oxide (ITO)-free inverted organic solar cells

We present metal multilayers consisting of aluminum and silver in different combinations serving as semitransparent top contacts for organic solar cells. Scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and optical spectroscopy are used to illustrate how ultrathin Al interlayers influence the morphology of Ag layers evaporated on top of organic materials and how closed layers with good conductivity can be achieved. Multilayer metal contacts are used to fabricate top-illuminated small-molecule organic solar cells (SM-OSCs) which reach efficiencies comparable to conventional SM-OSCs that employ tin-doped indium oxide as electrode. It is shown that combinations of Al and Au lead to similar results, suggesting a similar mechanism for the influence on morphological development of both Ag and Au.
SiC/MCM-48 and SiC/SBA-15 Nanocomposite Materials

Silicon carbide (SiC) was infiltrated into the ordered mesoporous molecular sieves MCM-48 and SBA-15 using chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) of dimethyldichlorosilane (DDS) and hydrogen as the carrier gas. The infiltration process was followed ex situ using nitrogen physisorption measurements, small- and wide-angle X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. For MCM-48, infiltration at lower temperatures (1023 K) affords a thin, X-ray amorphous, SiC-based coating on the inner surface of the molecular sieve and the pore size of the mesoporous host decreases from 2.4 nm into the micropore regime (<2 nm). At higher temperature (1163 K), the deposition of 20−30-nm sized β-SiC particles is observed on the outer surface of the mesoporous particles as a process competitive to the pore filling. The crystalline nanoparticles form a hard protective coating on the outer surface of the larger spherical MCM-48 particles resembling hedgehog-like core−shell.
Guiding Principle in the Preparation of High-Photosensitive Hydrogenated Amorphous Si–Ge Alloys from Glow-Discharge Plasma

A guiding principle has been proposed for the preparation of high-photosensitive hydrogenated amorphous Si–Ge alloys (a-SiGe:H) via the plasma chemical-vapor-deposition technique. According to this principle, plasma parameters in a diode-type reactor were systematically controlled, resulting in high-quality a-SiGe:H films in the optical-gap range between 1.4 and 1.8 eV. Photoconductivity-to-dark-conductivity ratio of the best-designed a-SiGe:H with 1.45 eV optical gap was found to reach 104.
Fluids in narrow pores: adsorption, capillary condensation, and critical points

By means of a density functional approach the phase equilibria of a simple fluid confined by two adsorbing walls have been investigated as a function of wall separation H and chemical potential μ for temperature T corresponding to both partial and complete wetting situations. For large values of H and small undersaturations Δμ ≡ μsat−μ, we recover the macroscopic formulas for the undersaturation at which a first‐ order phase transition (capillary condensation) from dilute ‘‘gas’’ to a dense ‘‘liquid’’ occurs in a single, infinitely long slit. For smaller H we compute the lines of coexistence between gas and liquid in the (Δμ, 1/H) plane at fixed values of T. The adsorption Γ(Δμ), at fixed T and H, is characterized by a loop. At the first order transition Γ jumps discontinuously by a finite amount; however metastable states exist and these could give rise to hysteresis of the adsorption isotherms obtained for the single slit. The loop disappears at a capillary critical point (Δμc, 1/Hc) at each T. For H
Fractional Derivative Analysis of Diffuse Reflectance Spectra

Fractional differentiation is introduced as a mathematical tool for analysis of diffuse-reflectance spectra. The quantity —log10 e/R dqR/dλ q , where R is the measured reflectance and q is a real number greater than zero, is defined and shown to have properties analogous to those of the integer-order derivatives of log10(1/R) that are commonly employed in near-infrared spectroscopy. Like conventional derivative spectroscopy, fractional derivative spectroscopy (FDS) is effective for reducing baseline variations and separating overlapping peaks. FDS has the additional benefit that it enables the user to control the weight given to the slope and curvature of spectral features and, therefore, provides greater flexibility in the choice of wavelengths for regression. FDS also enables the user to adjust the relative sensitivities of the regressions to constant offsets and high-frequency noise. An example is given in which FDS is used to estimate the concentration of hemoglobin in a scattering liquid containing a large background concentration of water.
An analytical mechanics model for the island-bridge structure of stretchable electronics

In stretchable electronics, the island-bridge structure on a soft substrate plays an important role in achieving large stretchability. A key issue in developing such a system is to prevent the island-bridge structure from breaking during use because it is composed of brittle semiconductor materials (e.g., silicon) which withstand very small strains (∼1%). In the following, an analytical mechanics model of the island-bridge structure is established and the accurate solution is obtained. A validated scaling law is found to reveal the dependence of the normalized maximum strain in the island on the prestrain of the substrate, which controls the mechanical failure of the island-bridge structure and provides a theoretical basis for fracture-safe design of stretchable electronics.
NITRAPYRIN DELAYS DENITRIFICATION ON MANURED SOILS

Excessive application of manure may lead to NO3− leaching to groundwater and fluxes of nitrogen oxides to the atmosphere. Nitrification inhibitors such as nitrapyrin (N-serve; 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)pyridine) may help to conserve manure N in the root zone by limiting NO3− supply to denitrifiers. The objective of this study was to test the effect of nitrapyrin on the timing and amounts of denitrification and N2O fluxes in manured soils under conditions favorable to denitrification. The study consisted of a laboratory incubation of soils under aerobic conditions. Three agricultural soils and a sand were included in the study, all with high moisture and initial NO3−-N content. Each soil received three treatments: 1) manure plus nitrapyrin (190 mg nitrapyrin kg−1 soil), 2) manure alone (0.15 mg manure N g−1), and 3) soil alone controls. Nitrapyrin was mixed with the manure before addition to soil. Destructive samplings were carried out weekly for 10 weeks. At each sampling, soil-extractable mineral N, microbial biomass N, denitrified N, and N2O fluxes were measured. Nitrapyrin was effective in reducing nitrification, thus enhancing soil NH4+-N accumulation and possibly reducing the potential for nitrate leaching. Although nitrapyrin was effective in reducing nitrification in manured soils, the effect on soil mineral N and potential N supply to plants varied across soils because of the interaction between nitrification, denitrification, and N immobilization. Neither manure nor nitrapyrin consistently affected net N mineralization in the five different soil types. Microbial N immobilization and/or denitrification were strong sinks of N that reduced net N mineralization. Nitrapyrin did not affect cumulative denitrification, but some soils had delayed denitrification when nitrapyrin was added. Manure had a strong effect on N2O fluxes and denitrified N in some soils, but the effects of nitrapyrin were inconsistent. Nitrapyrin significantly reduced microbial N immobilization in two agricultural soils. The observed reductions in microbial biomass may affect N availability beyond the time frame of the experiment because less N will be available for remineralization.
Well‐width dependence of intersubband absorption in InGaAs/InAlAs multiquantum wells

The well‐width dependence of intersubband absorption in InGaAs/InAlAs multiquantum wells grown by molecular beam epitaxy is investigated. The energies of the absorption peaks decrease from 300 to 100 meV with an increasing well width from 35 to 200 A. This well‐width dependence of the peak energy is in good agreement with theoretical calculations. For a wide quantum well, two sharp absorption peaks were observed, including the transitions from the second to the third subbands.
A novel device for gas-phase sample introduction into microwave plasma: Lateral Sample Introduction

This work presents a new technique to introduce molecular gases into atmospheric pressure microwave plasma named as Lateral Sample Introduction (LSI). The LSI device bypasses the active plasma generation region and so avoids plasma instability when introducing molecular gases, such as those arising from hydride generation. The technique was assessed by arsenic determination in aqueous solution after hydride generation. The LSI enables the plasma to support the entrance of the gaseous by-products from the derivative reaction without any intermediate step to reduce them.
HPLC determination of caffeine in tea, chocolate products and carbonated beverages

Different brands of mate and black tea, chocolate products and carbonated beverages available on the Brazilian market were analysed for caffeine by high-performance liquid chromatography with a UV-vis detector at 254 nm. The column was a reverse phase C18 and the mobile phase consisted of methanol–water (30:70, v/v), acetonitrile–water (10:90, v/v) and methanol–water (25:75, v/v) for tea, chocolate products and soft drinks respectively. Caffeine content ranged from 1.05 to 15.83 mg per cup in mate tea, from 32.21 to 36.23 mg per cup in black tea, from 0.14 to 0.95 mg g−1 in chocolate products from 2.73 to 7.49 mg per can in guarana-type soft drinks and from 19.81 to 45.89 mg per can in cola soft drinks. These data indicate that the levels of caffeine in Brazilian teas, chocolates and soft drinks are within the ranges reported for similar products in other countries. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
A SYSTEM FOR MEASURING THE RATES OF EVOLUTION OF NITROUS OXIDE AND NITROGEN FROM INCUBATED SOILS DURING DENITRIFICATION

Summary An incubation system is described for studying denitrification rates in incubated soil by measuring the gaseous products removed in a stream of helium flowing across the soil. The system has been used to demonstrate the effect on denitrification of air-drying a soil. A constant rate of denitrification occurs in soil pre-incubated aerobically at 50% water holding capacity for a period of 3 weeks prior to the denitrification assay. By contrast, air-dry soil wetted immediately prior to denitrification measurement showed a rapid increase in denitrification rate to a maximum at 1–3 days and a decline thereafter until a steady state is reached about 2–4 weeks after rewetting. Nitrous oxide was the dominant product from both soils studied: the ratio of N2O to N, in the gases evolved changed little with time for the pre-incubated soil, but diminished with time of incubation for the air-dried soil.
Multicolor immunophenotyping of tissue sections by laser scanning cytometry (LSC)

In lymphatic organs the quantitative analysis of the spatial distribution of leukocytes would give relevant information about alterations during diseases (leukemia, HIV, AIDS) and their therapeutic regimen. Analysis of them in solid tissues is difficult to perform but would yield important data in a variety of clinical and experimental settings. We have developed an automated analysis method for LSC suitable for archived or fresh biopsy material of human lymph nodes and tonsils. Sections are stained with PI for DNA and up to three antigens using direct or indirect immunofluorescence staining. Measurement is triggered on DNA-fluorescence (Argon Laser). Due to the heterogeneity in cell density measurements are repeatedly performed at different threshold levels (low threshold: regions of low cellular density, germinal centers; high threshold: dense regions, mantle zone). Data are acquired by single- (Ar) or dual-laser excitation (Ar-HeNe) in order to determine data from single- (FITC), up to triple-staining (FITC/PE-Cy5/APC). Percentage and cellular density of cell-subsets is quantified in different structural regions of the specimen. Comparison with manual analysis of identical specimens showed very good correlation. With LSC a semi-automated operator-independent and immunophenotyping of lymphatic tissues with simultaneously up to four antibodies is possible. This technique should yield new insight into processes during diseases and should help to quantify the success of therapeutic interventions.
Evaluation of Chromatographic and Some Physicochemical Properties of Phenolic Compounds using Abraham's Descriptors

Abstract Abraham's descriptors, as independent variables, were applied to predict the retention factors, k, and acid dissociation constants, pKa, of phenolic compounds for a published collection of data. Other dependent variables (n‐octanol‐water partition coefficient log P, molar refraction MR, dipole moments μ, energy hydration E H , and total energy E tot ) were calculated by itself and estimated also with these descriptors. Results suggest that chromatographic retention and other properties may be modeled by used independent variables. The Abraham's descriptors based model is an efficient way to study quantitative structure‐property relationships (QSPR) and quantitative structure‐retention relationships (QSRR) with satisfactory accuracy.
Symmetry breaking in polyatomic molecules: real and artifactual

Revue de travaux recents sur la rupture de symetrie resultant de croisements evites Von Neumann-Wigner ou Jahn-Teller, ou d'effets pseudo-Jahn-Teller. Exemples de fonctions d'onde approchees presentant une symetrie brisee pour des arrangements symetriques des noyaux