Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Approach to part using deformable part model in pedestrian detection system

Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) proposed by Dalal and Triggs is currently the most basic algorithm to detection pedestrian. The algorithm is weak to occlusion, since the algorithm trained by the image of pedestrian full body images as one feature. As a result, the detection rate using HOG feature becomes decreases remarkably. To solve this problem, the paper proposed detection system using Deformable Part-based Model (DPM) just divided two parts of pedestrian data through latent Support Vector Machine (SVM) based machine learning. Experimental results show that proposed approach achieves better performance on detection with high accuracy than existed method [1].
Review: Practical concepts on short dry period management

Santschi, D. E. and Lefebvre, D. M. 2014. Review: Practical concepts on short dry period management. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 381-390. Increased production of dairy cows over the past years has triggered interest in reviewing optimal duration and management for the dry period. Results from recent studies suggest reduced early lactation negative energy balance, reduced ketosis, improved reproduction and no negative effects on production for multiparous cows. With regard to primiparous cows, production following lactation is reduced, but compensated for by the additional end of lactation milk. Reduced dry period length does not impair udder health, but is associated with increased risk of antibiotic residues in early lactation in the case of an early calving. Although the literature is scarce, calf health and immunity transfer are not affected by a short dry period. The objectives of the present review are to summarize results from recent trials and propose avenues for further research on short dry period management. Precise management conditions as well as specific cow characteristics for which short dry period results are optimized still need to be defined.
Sift-based object matching and tracking of coal mine

Proposed a new algorithm based on Scale Invariant Feature Transform(SIFT) algorithm to suit for object matching in special environment of coal mine. New algorithm combines RANSAC with L-M nonlinear optimization algorithm after cross-matching cursorily to estimate optimization parameters, local regions of different images and angle between eigenvectors are used to reduce search scope and cost time. Experimental results show that the new algorithm has good robustness on low illumination, blur, scale change, shelter by other object and high noise condition. It can increase matching accuracy, reduce the computation for real-time processing of video surveillance and object tracking system of coal mine area.
GONAD DEVELOPMENT OF SOUTHEASTERN ALASKAN DUNGENESS CRAB, CANCER MAGISTER, UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS

Abstract The large percentage of nonovigerous adult female crabs in situ gave rise to the question of whether egg extrusion occurs annually in Dungeness crabs in Alaskan waters as is reported for lower-latitude populations. Accordingly, we studied seasonal variation in gonadal development for 280 male, nonovigerous female, and ovigerous female crabs, reared in flow-through tanks from October 1997 through October 1998. Gonadosomatic indexes (GSI) were determined monthly from March through October 1998 for nonovigerous females, ovigerous females, and males. Oocyte area was also measured for females over the same period. Approximately 10 crabs from each treatment group were sampled monthly. Male GSI increased significantly over time. Nonovigerous females had significantly higher GSI and oocyte areas than ovigerous females. The GSI in October decreased significantly from the GSI in September among nonovigerous females in the laboratory and field, suggesting resorption of gonads. Most mature females do not extrude eggs annually in southeastern Alaska; however, under laboratory conditions, some females can extrude eggs in consecutive years.
Experimental Techniques In Low Temperature Physics

experimental techniques in low temperature physics is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our books collection hosts in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the experimental techniques in low temperature physics is universally compatible with any devices to read.
Sampling Methods, Dispersion Patterns, and Fixed Precision Sequential Sampling Plans for Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Cotton Fleahoppers (Hemiptera: Miridae) in Cotton

A 2-yr Þeld study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of two sampling methods (visual and plant washing techniques) for western ßower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), and Þve sampling methods (visual, beat bucket, drop cloth, sweep net, and vacuum) for cotton ßeahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter), in Texas cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (L.), and to develop sequential sampling plans for each pest. The plant washing technique gave similar results to the visual method in detecting adult thrips, but the washing technique detected signiÞcantly higher number of thrips larvae compared with the visual sampling. Visual sampling detected the highest number of ßeahoppers followed by beat bucket, drop cloth, vacuum, and sweep net sampling, with no signiÞcant difference in catch efÞciency between vacuum and sweep net methods. However, based on Þxed precision cost reliability, the sweep net sampling was the most cost-effective method followed by vacuum, beat bucket, drop cloth, and visual sampling. TaylorÕs Power Law analysis revealed that the Þeld dispersion patterns of both thrips and ßeahoppers were aggregated throughout the crop growing season. For thrips management decision based on visual sampling (0.25 precision), 15 plants were estimated to be the minimum sample size when the estimated population density was one thrips per plant, whereas the minimum sample size was nine plants when thrips density approached 10 thrips per plant. The minimum visual sample size for cotton ßeahoppers was 16 plants when the density was one ßeahopper per plant, but the sample size decreased rapidly with an increase in ßeahopper density, requiring only four plants to be sampled when the density was 10 ßeahoppers per plant. Sequential sampling plans were developed and validated with independent data for both thrips and cotton ßeahoppers.
Design of vertical T-junction using H-slot aperture coupling for applications in 60 GHz arrays

This work presents the design of a vertical T-junction in SIW using H-slots to couple between substrate layers, for the 60 GHz band. This junction has been designed and simulated to obtain a −10 dB and −15 dB bandwidth of 26.9% and 14.5%, respectively. The loss is less than 0.5 dB, and the difference in the power distribution is less than 0.5 dB across the band.
Genetic diversity analysis of 119 Canadian maize inbred lines based on pedigree and simple sequence repeat markers

Reid, L. M. , Xiang, K. , Zhu, X. , Baum, B. R. and Molnar, S. J. 2011. Genetic diversity analysis of 119 Canadian maize inbred lines based on pedigree and simple sequence repeat markers. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 651-661. Since the early 1920s Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) has been developing maize varieties and inbred lines adapted to the early maize growing regions. These inbreds represent a large group of genetically diverse genotypes; however, many of the inbreds are of unknown heterotic backgrounds. The purpose of this study was to classify 119 elite maize inbred lines released from AAFC into heterotic groups using both pedigree data and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and also to explore the consistency among different classification analyses. Pedigree analysis placed the inbred lines into eight groups, six of which corresponded to known major heterotic groups representing Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS), European flint, Lancaster, Minnesota 13, Early Butler, and Iodent; the two remaining groups consisted of germplasm derived mostly from Pioneer 3990 or Pioneer 3994 sources. Simple sequence repeat analysis of 105 loci resulted in a clustering of the inbreds into 10 groups. In comparison with the grouping based on pedigree, the SSR clustering groups had some discrepancies and groups of genetically similar germplasm, based on pedigree, could not always be confirmed with molecular markers. The results of this study will allow researchers and maize breeders to make more informed decisions on the use of these inbreds in breeding programs.
Testing for soil carbon saturation behavior in agricultural soils receiving long-term manure amendments

Feng, W. , Xu, M. , Fan, M. , Malhi, S. S. , Schoenau, J. J., Six, J. and Plante, A. F. 2014. Testing for soil carbon saturation behavior in agricultural soils receiving long-term manure amendments. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 281-294. Agricultural soils are typically depleted in soil organic matter compared with their undisturbed counterparts, thus reducing their fertility. Organic amendments, particularly manures, provide the opportunity to restore soil organic matter stocks, improve soil fertility and potentially sequester atmospheric carbon (C). The application of the soil C saturation theory can help identify soils with large C storage potentials. The goal of this study was to test whether soil C saturation can be observed in various soil types in agricultural ecosystems receiving long-term manure amendments. Seven long-term agricultural field experiments from China and Canada were selected for this study. Manure amendments increased C concentrations in bulk soil, particulate organic matter+sand, and silt+clay fractions in all the experiments. The increase in C concentrations of silt+clay did not fit the asymptotic regression as a function of C inputs better than the linear regression, indicating that silt+clay did not exhibit C saturation behavior. However, 44% of calculated C loading values for silt+clay were greater than the presumed maximal C loading, suggesting that this maximum may be greater than 1 mg C m-2 for many soils. The influences of soil mineral surface properties on C concentrations of silt+clay fractions were site specific. Fine soil particles did not exhibit C saturation behavior likely because current C inputs were insufficient to fill the large C saturation deficits of intensely cultivated soils, suggesting these soils may continue to act as sinks for atmospheric C.
Research on the Approximation Algorithms for the Betweenness Property Computation on Complex Social Networks

With the rapid growth of Internet users,social network mining and analyzing based on the Internet has become a hot research topic.The social networks mined from the Internet usually have large scales which need an efficient algorithm to calculate the statistics.Betweenness centrality,as an important network statistic property,has been used in many graph cluster/classification algorithms,and how to decrease its computational complexity has become an emergent problem.The recent algorithms on network statistics calculating usually use the approximation methods to estimate the graph distance between the pairs of nodes,but these typical approximation algorithms do not take the complex network property into account;furthermore,the distance estimation formulas can not be directly used to estimate betweenness centrality.In this paper,an efficient approximation algorithm to calculate betweenness properties is proposed.This algorithm adopts the internal structure characteristics of complex social networks,and gives existent "possible" short paths to estimate the real shortest paths between nodes.Experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm can largely reduce the computational complexity and meanwhile remains a high approximation efficiency.Some useful conclusions are obtained through the analysis of the experimental results,which lays a solid foundation for further research.
SYSTEMATICS OF THE EUROPEAN ENDANGERED CRAYFISH SPECIES AUSTROPOTAMOBIUS PALLIPES (DECAPODA: ASTACIDAE)

Abstract Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation in the 16S rRNA gene was used to estimate the phylogenetic relationships of Austropotamobius pallipes. The program ModelTest was used to test alternative models of evolution for our data using likelihood ratio tests. Both the minimum evolution tree with the HKY85 model and the maximum likelihood analysis supports the separation of two major clades (A and B) and three clades within clade A. The two major groups A and B showed genetic differentiation of 4.6% and could be in accordance with the classification on the specific status of A. italicus and A. pallipes. Within clade A, three clades were found corresponding to crayfish sampled in Spain-Italy-France, Austria, and Slovenia. In accordance with morphological data extracted from recent papers, a new classification based on the presence of three subspecies (italicus, carinthiacus, and carsicus) within A. italicus is proposed.
Simulation of car horn localization system

A system for car horn location which aims to helping agency to supervise the illegal car is proposed.The system consists of a 5-element microphone array and its algorithm is implemented in three modules.The first step is to detect the signal by the traits of the car horn in frequency domain.Then the time delay estimation(TDE) for microphone arrays is determined by generalized cross correlation(GCC),and the average of the estimations is calculated to improve the accuracy.Finally closed Spherical Interpolation(SI) is implemented to obtain the location of car horn.The simula-tion results indicate that the system effectively gets the location of car horn,thus provides a theoretical foundation for future implementation.
Facial Action Recognition in 2D and 3D

Automatic Facial Expression Analysis systems have come a long way since the earliest approaches in the early 1970s. We are now at a point where the first systems are commercially applied, most notably smile detectors included in digital cameras. As one of the most comprehensive and objective ways to describe facial expressions, the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) has received significant and sustained attention within the field. Over the past 30 years, psychologists and neuroscientists have conducted extensive research on various aspects of human behaviour using facial expression analysis coded in terms of FACS. Automating FACS coding would make this research faster and more widely applicable, opening up new avenues to understanding how we communicate through facial expressions. Mainly due to the cost effectiveness of existing recording equipment, until recently almost all work conducted in this area involves 2D imagery, despite their inherent problems relating to pose and illumination variations. In order to deal with these problems, 3D recordings are increasingly used in expression analysis research. In this chapter, the authors give an overview of 2D and 3D FACS recognition, and summarise current challenges and opportunities. Michel Valstar University of Nottingham, UK Stefanos Zafeiriou Imperial College London, UK Maja Pantic Imperial College London, UK
Review: Pork belly quality, bacon properties and recent consumer trends

Soladoye, P. O. , Shand, P. J., Aalhus, J. L. , Gariépy, C. and Juárez, M. 2015. Review: Pork belly quality, bacon properties and recent consumer trends. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 325-340. Several factors can affect pork belly quality and, subsequently, bacon quality. Going by the recent trends in the bacon market and bearing in mind the more choosy nature of the consuming populace, it is imperative to consider the factors that can affect or improve bacon quality, thereby sustaining the current market surge. In as much as both genetic and environmental factors have been identified as largely affecting muscle food quality, nutritional interventions also seem to be a very viable tool to improve the quality of meat and its products. Processing and storage methods can also affect bacon quality, including microbial quality, physicochemical attributes and palatability. Both objective and subjective measures have been explored in assessing belly quality, most of which use belly softness and fatty acid profile as yardsticks, whereas bacon quality has been widely assessed only subjectively in terms of fat quality and slice integrity. Although consumers'and producers'quality perceptions seem to be in conflict, it is the responsibility of all stakeholders in the bacon industries to come together in ensuring a balanced approach to satisfy both parties along the production chain.
Transitioning From Relational to Nosql: a Case Study

Data storage requirements have increased dramatically in recent years due to the explosion in data volumes brought about by the Web 2.0 era. Changing priorities for database system requirements has seen NoSQL databases emerge as an alternative to relational database systems that have dominated this market for over 40 years. Web-enabled, always on applications mean availability of the database system is critically important as any downtime can translate in to unrecoverable financial loss. Cost is also hugely important in this era where credit is difficult to obtain and organizations look to get the maximum from their IT infrastructure from the least amount of investment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current NoSQL market and assess its suitability as an alternative to a relational database. The research will look at a case study of a bulletin board application that uses a relational database for data storage and evaluate how such an application can be converted to using a NoSQL database. This case study will also be used to assess the performance attributes of a NoSQL database when implemented on a low cost hardware platform. The findings will provide insight to those who are considering making the switch from a relational database system to a NoSQL database system. TRANSITIONING FROM RELATIONAL TO NOSQL iii
A Survey on Image Segmentation Methods using Clustering Techniques

Image segmentation has been considered as the first step in the image processing. An efficient segmentation result would make it easier for further analysis of image processing. However, there exits many algorithms and approaches for image segmentation. Clustering is one of the commonly used image segmentation techniques. In this paper, we have briefly describe some of the clustering techniques and discuss some of the recent works by researchers on these techniques.
Use of electrical stimulation and chilling to enhance meat tenderness of heavy lambs

Pouliot, E. , Gariépy, C. , Thériault, M. and Castonguay, F. W. 2014. Use of electrical stimulation and chilling to enhance meat tenderness of heavy lambs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 627-637. The aim of this study was to determine if electrical stimulation and chilling can modulate pre-rigor pH-temperature dynamics in order to enhance meat tenderness of heavy lambs produced in Quebec and determine if there is an optimum carcass temperature window to reach pH 6.0. A total of 128 heavy lambs (fasted body weight between 38 and 52 kg) were selected at the abattoir over 8 slaughter days (16 lambs d-1) and assigned to four processing treatments in a 2×2 factorial design: electrical stimulation (ES) or not (NES) and normal (NC) or slow (SC) chilling. Slow-chilled carcasses stayed warmer during the first 12 h postmortem (P<0.001), but reached the same temperature as NC ones thereafter. They also had a lower pH between 2 and 12 h (P<0.05). Stimulated carcasses had a lower pH than NES throughout the first 24 h postmortem (P<0.001), while ultimate pH was similar (P=0.738). Shear force values were improved (P<0.001) by both ES and aging as expected, although chilling had no effect (P=0.400). Stimulation×aging interactions for shear force values (P=0.019) and myofibrillar fragmentation index (P=0.097) indicate that aging began earlier following ES. Sarcomeres were longer for ES compared with NES carcasses (P<0.001) indicating that the latter were subject to cold shortening. Meat from NES carcasses was more prone to be tough, although an important part of NES carcasses provided tender meat. This illustrates the importance of individual variations on tenderness and the multiplicity of factors involved in its development. No optimal window was observed for temperature at pH 6.0.
RISK OF PREDATION AND HATCHING OF RESTING EGGS IN THE OSTRACOD HETEROCYPRIS INCONGRUENS

Abstract Most crustaceans inhabiting temporary pools have resting stages that can remain dormant for many years. Only a fraction of the resting stages hatch each time the pool floods, as a safeguard against unpredictable events resulting in complete reproductive failure. There is likely to be a selective advantage in the ability of resting stages to respond to signals indicating likely environmental conditions and to adjust their hatching fraction in response. We examine whether such an ability exists in the resting stages (diapausing eggs) of the ostracod Heterocypris incongruens, which inhabits temporary freshwater pools in northern Israel. The active stages are subject in some seasons to predation by larvae of the fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra L.). We predicted that a lower fraction of H. incongruens eggs would hatch in water in which S. salamandra larvae had been kept than in water that had not contained S. salamandra larvae. We found no such effect. We discuss possible reasons for the absence of the expected response. A lower proportion of H. incongruens eggs hatched in water with higher conductivity. This may reduce the risk of active stages being killed by desiccation before being able to complete their life cycle
Effects of dietary total non-structural carbohydrates and folic acid and vitamin B12 supplement on growth and meat quality of yearling steers in a forage-based beef production system

Mercier, J., Cinq-Mars, D. , Berthiaume, R. , Faucitano, L. and Girard, C. L. 2015. Effects of dietary total non-structural carbohydrates and folic acid and vitamin B12 supplement on growth and meat quality of yearling steers in a forage-based beef production system. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 281-291. Thirty-two spring calving cows [760±91 kg body weight (BW)] and calves (44±4.5 kg BW) were assigned to eight blocks of four cows and their calves each according to parity and calving date. Within each block, two cows were fed a low total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) diet, while the two others were fed a high TNC diet. Within each diet, cows were administered either no vitamins or weekly intramuscular injections of 160 mg of folic acid plus 10 mg of vitamin B12. Calves were slaughtered at 305±9 d. Neither TNC concentration nor vitamin supplementation affected (P>0.10) milk yield but the vitamin supplementation increased (P=0.002) milk concentrations of vitamin B12. There was no treatment effect on calf performance, or carcass and meat characteristics (P>0.10) except for collagen concentrations and shear force measurements in the longissimus lumborum muscle, which had a tendency to be decreased (P≤0.06) by the vitamin supplement. In the present study, differences in forage TNC concentrations did not influence cow and calf performance. Moreover, folic acid and vitamin B12 supplements were shown to have little impact in this study on growth of beef cattle.