Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generalized discontinuous DC-link balancing modulation strategy for three-level inverters

This paper presents a new generalized discontinuous space-vector modulation approach applicable to neutral point clamped (NPC) inverters. By the proposed modulation scheme the DC-link voltage can be actively controlled to maintain a stable neutral point even if unbalanced loading of the DC-link capacitors occur due to e.g. nonlinear loads containing even harmonics. The maximum unbalance for which the modulation scheme are able to compensate is theoretically investigated and found to be a function of both load angle, modulation index and output power level. The proposed modulation method is compared to conventional modulation schemes with regard to both switching losses and wave form quality. For the same number of switchings, the proposed modulation scheme offers up to 25% lower switching losses than conventional modulation schemes while maintaining the same output wave form quality. The functionality of the modulation scheme is validated by simulation results.
Greenhouse temperature controller design based on the fuzzy PID

Greenhouse temperature system is a system featuring big time lag and huge inertial. Its typical control methods generally fail to achieve good control effect. Therefore, based on the fuzzy PID control method, this paper conducts real-time adjustment of PID parameters through the temperature difference and the temperature deviation variation rate. The numerical simulation result with MATLAB Simulink suggests that to control greenhouse temperature based on the fuzzy PID control method can achieve great control effect. The controller designed is characterized with fast dynamic response good robustness, high stability precision, low overshoot, and strong anti-jamming capability. In 2004, China's intelligent greenhouse area reached 588.0hm2, of which 403.0hm2 were developed by China and 185.4hm2 were imported (1-3). Since China's computer technology development was quite background earlier, it was not until in the 1970s that a computer for the purpose of agriculture was invented. In the 1980s, computers were adopted for agricultural control. After 1990s, computer applications in agriculture entered in a rapid development period. In particular, some institutions and companies represented by National Engineering Research Center of Information and Technology of Agriculture (NERCITA) and Agricultural Engineering Technique Co., Ltd. affiliated to China Agricultural University have achieved remarkable achievements in intelligent greenhouse research and applications. NERCITA and its subsidiary production bases such as the one in Xiaotangshan Town are a batch of research centers integrating multiple departments, including software engineering, network engineering, intelligent system, environment control, precision agriculture, remote sensing and geographical information. They stand for the advanced agricultural techniques of China. In terms of intelligent techniques, they have made great strides. More importantly, they boast a set of self-developed critical techniques for intelligent greenhouse control system, including sensor, PC monitoring system, PLC control system and audio and video monitoring system. The experimental applications of these techniques in multiple production bases lead to sound economic benefits. Agricultural Engineering Technique affiliated to China Agricultural University is a company specializing in smart greenhouses construction, automatic fertigation and control system design. The control system researched by it stands for the advanced technical level in the field in China in that it can achieve testing and automatic control of the environmental factors, including irrigation, temperature and humidity, lighting, CO2, dormant window, inside and outside sunshade, temperature supplement, audio, video and
Analysis of young banked and unbanked customers' usage, satisfaction, trust and loyalty for mobile money services in Ghana

: This study assesses mobile money usage, satisfaction, trust and loyalty among young banked customers and unbanked customers in Ghana. Two models were developed for banked and unbanked customers and tested via partial least square (PLS) structural equation modelling (SEM) in SmartPLS. Data were collected from a cross-section survey of 700 mobile money users with response rate of 72.4%. The findings indicate that, for young customers without a bank account, satisfaction significantly influence customer loyalty whilst trust predicts active usage. Interestingly, however, the relationship between trust and loyalty to mobile money was insignificant but active usage lead significantly to customer loyalty. Despite the contextual limitation, this research has validated two theoretical models of antecedents of loyalty in mobile money context and provided implications for the planning and allocation of resources and capabilities that are required to enhance young consumers' trust, satisfaction, active usage and loyalty.
An Inertia Driven Micro‐Actuator for Space Applications

SUMMARY We have developed an inertia-driven micro actuator for the harsh environment of space. Different from the conventional PZT-driven or other actuators, the newly developed electrostatic mechanism is free from material property change due to temperature. A mass suspended in the actuation system is designed to collide with the internal wall to produce thrust by an impact-type inchworm mechanism.
A monitoring method of driver fatigue behavior based on machine vision

In this paper, we bring forward an algorithm based on face skin color model for driver's eyes orientation, use Gabor wavelet to extract texture feature of driver's eye, and use Neural Network classifier to identify driver's fatigue behavior. Finally, we utilize driver's eyes image matching to trace driver's eyes in real time, and realize driver fatigue behavior monitoring.
An accurate broadband measurement of substrate dielectric constant

An improved two-microstrip line method is proposed for a simple and accurate measurement of the dielectric constants of substrates. The errors due to the transition mismatches and connection repeatability are removed by using the selection algorithm of the best data set in multiple measurements, based on the minimum error cost concept. The measurement data for CGP-500 substrate in broad frequency range (0.5-25.5 GHz) are shown and the result agrees quite well with the theoretical one.
Characterization of a Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Microphone

*† A method for characterizing non-condenser microphone frequency response up through at least 100 kHz has been developed and validated. This method exposes a device under test microphone and a reference microphone to the same acoustic field. A frequency response function between the two devices is then determined through a sequence of measurements and calculations. After accounting for the known response of the reference device, a frequency response for the device under test is generated. This method for characterizing microphone frequency response will be presented along with results obtained from applying the method to a microelectromechanical systems microphone.
Spontaneous Formation and Fusion of Raspberry Vesicle Self-Assembled from Star Block Terpolymers in Aqueous Solution

The spontaneous formation and fusion of raspberry vesicles was studied using the dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) method. The vesicles were formed through the self-assembly of amphiphilic E12O6F2 star terpolymers in selective solvent. E and F blocks are solvophobic and the O block is solvophilic. The shortest F block plays a major role in the formation of raspberry vesicles. Distinct vesicle formation mechanisms were observed at different polymer concentrations. At higher concentrations, vesicles form via the bending and closure of an oblate F-bump-E bilayer. At lower concentrations, the formation pathway contains: the initial formation of a vesicle with a core, the combination of such vesicles into cylindrical micelles, and the bending of the cylindrical micelles to form a hollow vesicle. In addition, raspberry vesicle fusion is regulated by F bumps through the continuous coalescence of them from apposed vesicle membranes. The contact area bends, followed by the formation of a fusion pore and a tilted inner layer. As the pore sealed, the hemifusion structure appears, which further restructures to form a vesicle. Our results provide guidance on understanding the dynamic processes of complex vesicles and biological membrane fusion.
Comparison of News Impacts on Sectoral Stock Returns during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey

This study examines how the volatility of the sectoral stock returns within Borsa İstanbul are affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis uses daily stock return data for four main sector indices: services, finance, industry, and technology. The sample period of the study covers 03.03. 2015–11.03. 2021, and 12.03. 2020-03.04. 2021 is separately analyzed for the COVID-19 period. When E-GARCH models and news impact curves are analyzed, it is found that the services sector stock returns volatility differs from other sectoral stock returns.
Effects of Korean forest healing programs on stress in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Adults in the modern society suffer from stress, and prolonged stress brings about various diseases. Hence, national measures to prevent stress are needed, and countries seek approaches based on the nature. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of forest healing programs on stress in the Korean adult population through a meta-analysis. Eleven pertinent studies were selected, and the effect size of each parameter, pooled effect size, and heterogeneity were examined. Further, the heterogeneity of effect sizes was analyzed through moderator analysis using categorical variables as the moderators. The results were as follows. First, the pooled effect size of stress was −0.95, which is considered a large effect size. Total variance I 2, which indicates the heterogeneity of effect size of stress, was quite large, at 77% (Q = 43.29, p < .0001). A meta-ANOVA analysis was performed for a moderator analysis with type of program, length of program, size of experimental group, subjects, sex, number of program sessions, and type of article, and there were no statistically significant differences between the parameters.
Cytokines in sepsis: friend or enemy?

Infectious diseases are a major cause of death worldwide. A serious complication of infections is septic shock. Septic shock is a critical syndrome associated with the host response to infection. The severity of infections is related to an activation cascade that results in a magnification of the cytokine production which is termed "cytokine storm". Despite the commonly elucidated etiology of sepsis and its clinical course, the actual progress in therapeutic strategies is still limited. Several studies were carried out on the pathophysiology of sepsis-induced imbalance in the inflammatory/anti-inflammatory response as the main cause of tissue damage, organ failure, and eventually, death. Cytokines are crucial pleiotropic regulators of the immune response, which have an important role in the complicated pathophysiology of sepsis. They possess both pro-and anti-inflammatory properties and are capable of exerting efficacious defense responses towards invading pathogens. On the other hand, cytokines may disturb the immune response and reinforce inflammation. Thus, achieving a balance between these two effects will improve the prognosis of sepsis. Blocking the activities of pro-inflammatory cytokines promotes survival in animal models of sepsis, yet, such a treatment strategy did not enhance the clinical outcome. In this review, we will describe the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of the cytokine storm during sepsis and represent in detail the role of cytokines responsible for cell or organ damage. We will compare the various therapeutic approaches investigated to stop or suppress this mischievous process and discuss the reasons for therapeutic failure.
Low Frequency Noise Analysis of Monolithically Fabricated 4H-SiC CMOS Field Effect Transistors

Low frequency noise in 4H-SiC lateral p-channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (PMOSFETs) in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 100 kHz has been used to investigate the relationship between gate dielectric fabrication techniques and the resulting density of interface traps at the semiconductor-dielectric interface in order to examine the impact on device performance. The results show that the low frequency noise characteristics in p-channel 4H-SiC MOSFETs in weak inversion are in agreement with the McWhorter model and are dominated by the interaction of channel carriers with interface traps at the gate dielectric/semiconductor interface.
Influence of Deep States in Active Layers on the Performance of Amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O Thin Film Transistors

In this paper, a theoretical model of a-IGZO TFTs is established, and effects of deep donor-like states originated from oxygen vacancies are studied by computer simulations. The simulation results show that the deep states affect off-state current while have negligible effect on on-state current. Conducting mechanism under negative gate bias is studied. With different contact properties between a-IGZO thin films and source/drain electrodes, the off-state conduction mechanism in a-IGZO TFTs can be either electron-dominant or hole-dominant conduction, which accordingly lead to different properties of the dependence of device performance on the deep donor-like states.
Analyzing partial discharge pulse sequences-a new approach to investigate degradation phenomena

This paper presents a new method of partial discharge data analysis for the investigation of space charge and degradation phenomena in high voltage insulation systems. The basic principles of the pulse-sequence-analysis are illustrated and the characteristic differences with regard to standard procedures that have been established during the past few years are outlined. A description is given of an electronic partial discharge acquisition system, which is designed on a plug-in interface board for a standard personal computer to perform long term measurements of all the discharge parameters required for the succeeding PSA. Electrical treeing in polyethylene is used to demonstrate the usefulness of the PSA method. It is shown that information on space charge phenomena and the development of the local degradation can be obtained by considering correlations between consecutive discharge pulses. <<ETX>>
Revealing sound-induced motion patterns in fish hearing structures in 4D: a standing wave tube-like setup designed for high-resolution time-resolved tomography

ABSTRACT Modern bony fishes possess a high morphological diversity in their auditory structures and auditory capabilities. Yet, how auditory structures such as the otoliths in the inner ears and the swim bladder work together remains elusive. Gathering experimental evidence on the in situ motion of fish auditory structures while avoiding artifacts caused by surgical exposure of the structures has been challenging for decades. Synchrotron radiation-based tomography with high spatio-temporal resolution allows the study of morphofunctional issues non-invasively in an unprecedented way. We therefore aimed to develop an approach that characterizes the moving structures in 4D (=three spatial dimensions+time). We designed a miniature standing wave tube-like setup to meet both the requirements of tomography and those of tank acoustics. With this new setup, we successfully visualized the motion of isolated otoliths and the auditory structures in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and glass catfish (Kryptopterus vitreolus).
Benefits of Virtual Reality Balance Training for Patients With Parkinson Disease: Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-Regression of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Virtual reality (VR) balance training is increasingly being pursued in biomedical research, specifically with respect to investigating balance ability with VR. However, existing systematic reviews have found inconsistent conclusions about the efficacy of VR in improving balance in Parkinson disease (PD) patients. Objective The goal of the research was to evaluate the impact of VR balance training on the balance ability of patients with PD. Methods All major databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang, were searched to identify all relevant studies published in English or Chinese since September 15, 2010. Two researchers independently conducted document retrieval, study selection, data extraction, and methodological quality evaluation. Results A total of 16 randomized controlled trials were analyzed (n=583 patients with PD), with the methodological quality evaluation score ranging from 5 to 8 points. A random effects model was selected to combine effect sizes. Meta-analysis showed that the balance ability of PD was significantly improved after VR training compared with the control group (standardized mean difference [SMD] 2.127, 95% CI 1.202 to 3.052, P<.001, I2=95.1, df=15). It is worth noting that the intervention platform may be the main reason for heterogeneity. Meta regression analysis showed that no training program could predict the impact of VR training (P=.57 to .94) on PD balance ability. Subgroup result showed that a single training time of 0 to 20 minutes (SMD 6.446), 4 to 6 times per week (SMD 4.067), training for 3 to 5 weeks (SMD 62.478), training course reached more than 30 times (SMD 4.405), and 201 to 300 minutes per week (SMD 4.059) maybe have more benefit. Conclusions A systematic review and meta-analysis confirmed that VR balance training is a highly effective means to improve balance performance with large effects in PD. In addition, we preliminarily extracted dose-effect relationships for training volume, informing clinicians and practitioners to design effective VR balance training for balance ability. Further research is needed to reveal optimal dose-response relationships following VR balance training.
Cognitive Molecular Communication in Cylindrical Anomalous-Diffusive Channel

In this paper, an underlay cognitive molecular communication (MC) system with anomalous diffusion inside a blood-vessel like cylindrical channel is considered. We consider the presence of a primary and a secondary link in coexistence, with primary link having a higher priority for communication. To meet a certain quality of standard (QoS) at primary link, the interference due to the secondary is minimized by controlling the transmission at the secondary. The expressions for the concentration Green’s function (CGF) for anomalous diffusion and the number of molecules transmitted by the secondary transmitter are derived. The CGF is validated using the particle-based simulations. We analyze the channel performance in terms of probability of error, maximum achievable rate, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC). The decision threshold is optimized based on the log-likelihood ratio-test (LLRT) in order to minimize the probability of error. Furthermore, the effects of various parameters such as drift, diffusion, concentration degradation, channel radius and interference limit are analyzed. The derived expressions are validated through the Monte-Carlo simulations.
Immune Milieu and Genomic Alterations Set the Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Immunomodulatory Subtype Tumor Behavior

Simple Summary Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and highly heterogeneous breast cancer subtype, both molecular and transcriptomic. Gene expression patterns identified seven TNBC subtypes; basal-like 1 (BL1), basal-like 2 (BL2), immunomodulatory (IM), mesenchymal (M), mesenchymal stem-like (MSL), luminal androgen receptor (LAR), and unstable (UNS). Herein, we contrasted the IM subtype with non-IM TNBC, including clinical, histopathological, and molecular variables. Our results showed that the IM subtype featured an increased FOXP3+ TILs infiltration and a higher CTLA-4 and PD-L1 expression compared with non-IM tumors. Long intergenic non-coding RNAs associated with the immune response through transcriptomic and enrichment analyses characterized the IM-subtype enriched by the β-catenin signaling pathway. Additionally, DNA sequencing identified differences in mutation rates as well as some specific mutations. These results should motivate the design of future clinical trials in which the benefit of immune-based therapy in this subgroup of patients could be evaluated. Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and heterogeneous disease. Seven subtypes have been described based on gene expression patterns. Herein, we characterized the tumor biology and clinical behavior of the immunomodulatory (IM) subtype. Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples from 68 high-risk (stage III-IV) TNBC patients were analyzed through microarrays, immunohistochemistry, and DNA sequencing. Results: The IM subtype was identified in 24% of TNBC tumor samples and characterized by a higher intratumoral (intT) and stromal (strml) infiltration of FOXP3+ TILs (Treg) compared with non-IM subtypes. Further, PD-L1+ (>1%) expression was significantly higher, as well as CTLA-4+ intT and strml expression in the IM subtype. Differential expression and gene set enrichment analysis identified biological processes associated with the immune system. Pathway analysis revealed enrichment of the β-catenin signaling pathway. The non-coding analysis led to seven Long Intergenic Non-Protein Coding RNAs (lincRNAs) (6 up-regulated and 1 down-regulated) that were associated with a favorable prognosis in the TNBC-IM subtype. The DNA sequencing highlighted two genes relevant to immune system responses: CTNNB1 (Catenin β-1) and IDH1. Conclusion: the IM subtype showed a distinct immune microenvironment, as well as subtype-specific genomic alterations. Characterizing TNBC at a molecular and transcriptomic level might guide immune-based therapy in this subgroup of patients.
Finite Control Set–Model Predictive Control of H8 Inverter Considering Dead-Time Effect for PMSM Drive Systems With Reduced Conducted Common-Mode EMI and Current Distortions

To reduce the conducted common-mode (CM) electromagnetic interference (EMI) and current total harmonic distortion (THD) in permanent magnet synchronous motor drive systems, this article proposes a finite control set–model predictive control (FCS–MPC) method for an H8 inverter considering the dead-time (DT) effect. In a real system, the DT causes unexpected peak common-mode voltages (CMVs) and distortion of the inverter output voltage, which deteriorates both the CM EMI and current THD. The conventional double active voltage vector (VV) based MPC methods with an H6 inverter may not be a good solution because of the numerous CMV variations and the limit of the VV transitions. In contrast, the proposed FCS–MPC method allows all VV transitions possible without the peak CMVs by instantly operating the series-connected switch of the H8 inverter based on the previous VV, predicted current sector, and next optimal VV. Furthermore, the nonlinearity of the inverter output voltage due to the DT is compensated in a discrete-time model used for the current prediction, considering the calculation delay of the digital controller. Consequently, the current THD as well as the CM EMI can be improved. The simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.