Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research article COMPARATIVE EFFICIENCY OF SPRINKLER IRRIGATION OVER CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION IN GROUNDNUT AT DIFFERENT IRRIGATION SCHEDULES

The field experiments were conducted for consecutive two years to assess the comparative efficiency of sprinkler irrigation over check basin irrigation at different irrigation schedules for groundnut (K-6) during rabi season. Split plot design was adopted for the experiment with two methods of irrigation as main treatments M1 - Sprinkler method and M2 - Check basin irrigation and three irrigation schedules based on IW/CPE ratio at 0.6 (I1), 0.8 (I2) & 1.0 (I3) as sub treatments, replicated thrice. During 2004-05, there was no significant difference in the pod yield obtained between the methods of irrigation, however irrigation scheduled at 1.0 IW/CPE ratio significantly out yielded (1511 kg/ha) the pod yield obtained at 0.8 & 0.6 IW/CPE ratios. The WUE and shelling percent were also not influenced by the irrigation methods and schedules. Significantly higher pod yield was obtained during 2005-06 under sprinkler method of irrigation (2020 kg/ ha) as compared to check basin of irrigation (1762 kg/ha). Irrigation at IW/CPE of 1.0 (I3) resulted in significantly higher pod yield (2123 kg/ha) when compared to I1 and was on par with that of 0.8 IW/CPE ratio (I2). Results indicated that sprinkler method of irrigation scheduled at 1.0 or 0.8 IW/CPE ratios would be beneficial to groundnut crop as compared to check basin method of irrigation.
Multiscale study on hydrogen mobility in metallic fusion divertor material

For achieving efficient fusion energy production, the plasma-facing wall materials of the fusion reactor should ensure long time operation. In the next step fusion device, ITER, the first wall region facing the highest heat and particle load, i.e. the divertor area, will mainly consist of tiles based on tungsten. During the reactor operation, the tungsten material is slowly but inevitably saturated with tritium. Tritium is the relatively short-lived hydrogen isotope used in the fusion reaction. The amount of tritium retained in the wall materials should be minimized and its recycling back to the plasma must be unrestrained, otherwise it cannot be used for fueling the plasma. A very expensive and thus economically not viable solution is to replace the first walls quite often. A better solution is to heat the walls to temperatures where tritium is released. Unfortunately, the exact mechanisms of hydrogen release in tungsten are not known. In this thesis both experimental and computational methods have been used for studying the release and retention of hydrogen in tungsten. The experimental work consists of hydrogen implantations into pure polycrystalline tungsten, the determination of the hydrogen concentrations using ion beam analyses (IBA) and monitoring the out-diffused hydrogen gas with thermodesorption spectrometry (TDS) as the tungsten samples are heated at elevated temperatures. Combining IBA methods with TDS, the retained amount of hydrogen is obtained as well as the temperatures needed for the hydrogen release. With computational methods the hydrogen-defect interactions and implantation-induced irradiation damage can be examined at the atomic level. The method of multiscale modelling combines the results obtained from computational methodologies applicable at different length and time scales. Electron density functional theory calculations were used for determining the energetics of the elementary processes of hydrogen in tungsten, such as diffusivity and trapping to vacancies and surfaces. Results from the energetics of pure tungsten defects were used in the development of an classical bond-order potential for describing the tungsten defects to be used in molecular dynamics simulations. The developed potential was utilized in determination of the defect clustering and annihilation properties. These results were further employed in binary collision and rate theory calculations to determine the evolution of large defect clusters that trap hydrogen in the course of implantation. The computational
Ambulatory Oxygen Therapy in COPD Patients with Oxygen Desaturation during Exercise

Desaturation during exercise is no longer an anecdote or medical curiosity but has converted into a marker of poor prognosis. Patients with COPD who undergo rapid or early desaturation during the six-minute walking test will have major clinical repercussions than those with late-onset desaturation. Only the patients who exhibit desaturation within the first minute of the walk test, the so-called early desaturators, also experience desaturation during their daily activities. Those who desaturate past 3.5 min, the late desaturators, do not undergo desaturation in their daily life activities. Moreover, the former will require long-term oxygen therapy sooner than the late-onset group. It seems reasonable to assume that early desaturators will benefit from ambulatory oxygen therapy, as they will desaturate during their activities of daily living. Late-onset desaturators will not experience oxygen desaturation in their daily lives. Consequently, they would not benefit from oxygen therapy while walking around. However, depending on the individual case and their activity, those intermediate desaturators—with an onset between 1 and 3.3 min—may go through desaturation at home.
THE IMPACTS OF INWARD AND OUTWARD FDI ON INCOME INEQUALITY IN TURKEY AND SELECTED TURKIC REPUBLICS

This study investigates the effects of inward and outward FDI on income inequality in Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. The methodology covers panel cointegration techniques and balanced panel regressions. The conclusion is that inward and outward FDI have averagely a negative impact on income inequality in the long-run period but on the other hand the short-run effect of inward and outward FDI on income inequality is positive. The conclusion is robust to using different methods for estimation, sample selection and controlling for potential outliers.
Analysis of HLA-A*03 in Multiple Sclerosis Patients in Khuzestan Province, Iran

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is known as chronic inflammatory causes demyelination and results in neurodegenerative disease in central nervous system (CNS), which is known with progressive disability. MS is accepted and is a multifactorial disorder that is a result of genetic and environmental factors interaction. The set of genes coding for MHC (major histocompatibility complex) molecules exert the effect on disease development. HLA-A*03 (HLA-A3) is one of HLA class I alleles, which is associated with MS. Objectives: Our goal is to survey the frequency of this allele in MS patients from the Khuzestan province. Methods: HLA-A*03 alleles association was investigated in 200 MS patients in the province of Khuzestan then compared with 195 healthy controls. HLA-typing was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with SSP-PCR method. Results: Frequency of HLA-A*03 was significant among MS patients (47% vs. 26%, P < 0.001). There was no significant correlation among this allele and sex, course of disease, initial symptoms, and expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Conclusions: Our findings suggested that HLA-A*03 allele has a significant association with MS, which is in line with other studies, and also confirmed that the presence of this allele could increase the risk of MS. Furthermore, positive association between the HLAA*03 allele and the Arab population in the province of Khuzestan was found. CIS patients followed up for three years demonstrated that all patients were converted to RRMS.
Bioluminescence Microscopy: Design and Applications

Bioluminescence imaging by microscopy is performed using an ultra-low-light imaging camera. Although imaging devices such as sensor and camera have been greatly improved over time, such improvements have not been attained commercially which are available for microscopes now. We previously optimized the optical system of a microscope for bioluminescence imaging using a short-focal-length imaging lens and evaluated this system with a conventional color charge-coupled device camera. Here, we describe the concept of bioluminescence microscope design using a short-focal- length imaging lens and some representative applications, including intracellular calcium imaging, imaging of clock gene promoter assays, and three-dimensional reconstruction of Drosophila larva. This system facilitates the acquisition of bioluminescence images of single live cells using luciferase, which is similar to fluorescence microscopy using a fluorescent protein.
Influence of Chronic Radiation Exposure on the Temporal Dynamics of Seeds Germination in Scots Pine Populations from the Bryansk Region Affected By the Chernobyl Accident

Temporal dynamics of seeds germination in Scots pine populations growing in the Bryansk region of Russia radioactively contaminated as a result of the Chernobyl accident were investigated over a period of 8 years (2008-2015). In contrast to cytogenetic effects in Scots pine, we failed to detect any significant impact of chronic radiation exposure on time dynamics of seeds germination.
Anti-Nutritional Factors in Yellow Pea Flours that Underwent Different Processing and Their Pizza Dough Products

Anti-nutritional factors, including phytic acids, total phenolic acids, and trypsin inhibitor activities were evaluated in pea flours and their pizza dough products. Commercial yellow pea flours were prepared with different milling technologies (stone milling, hammer milling and pin milling) and laboratory pea flours were treated using different heat processes (micronization and roasting). Milling technologies had a significant effect on the total phenolic acid content. The type of heat process had no significant effect on phytic acid levels. There was a significant reduction in trypsin inhibitor activities due to the thermal processing yet some trypsin inhibitors were still present in the final cooked pizza dough.
The complexities of measuring complexity

This paper considers alternative ways of conceptualising and measuring complexity in networks. There is a need to include analysis of real world data in the design and verification of models of relationships and network evolution. Often available data is quantitative and survey-based cross sectional or time series data. This paper highlights the problems associated with using statistical analysis to analyse these data and proposes different approaches that conduct analysis of the patterns of change in a way that does not contradict the primary assumptions of statistical analysis.
Coagulation abnormalities in patients with cirrhosis in a tertiary hospital Sangli : A prospective study

Background : The clotting is a multistep process comprised of sequence of events of platelet plug formation , clotting process , clotting process termination and clot removal . Synthesis of clotting factors and clearance of their activation products took place in liver. The magnitude of clinical features and coagulation abnormalities will vary depending on liver dysfunction . Therefore wide spectrum of abnormalities will be seen in patients of liver cirrhosis. Aims and Objectives : To study the various coagulation abnormalities in liver cirrhosis patients. M ethodology : This 1 year prospective study was conducted in a tertiary hospital for the evaluation of the frequency of coagulation abnormalities in patients with cirrhosis of liver. 82 patients presenting with cirrhosis of liver were selected and were evaluated for coagulation profile. The data was collected via questionnaire form and analyzed by SPSS (Statistical Packages for Social Sciences) version The patients blood were tested for coagulation abnormalities including prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), platelet count . Results : In the present study, out of 82, fifty (60.9 %) were males and 32 (39.1 ) % were females. According to Child’s Pughs classification,37(45.12 % ) cirrhotic patients were in class A, 13 (15.85% ) in class B and 32 (39.02 % ) in class C. The PT was prolonged (mean + SD = 20.67 ± 4.12 sec) in 44 (53.65 % ) patients, while38 (46.34 %) patients had normal PT which was less than 14 seconds (mean + SD = 12.13 ± 1.01sec). Activated partial thromboplastin time was prolonged in47 (57.31 % ) patients, while35 (42.68 % ) patients had normal APTT which was less than 40 seconds (mean + SD = 33.05 ± 3.06 sec). PT and APTT were significantly raised in cirrhotic patients. Approximately 39% CLD cases had decreased platelet count. Relative risk of GI bleeding with abnormal clotting tests in CLD cases were weakly positive for PT (RR = 1.02; 95% CI, 0.49-2.10), negative for aPTT (RR=0.83; 95% CI, 0.47-1.45), strongly positive for decreased platelet counts (RR = 1.96; 95% CI, 1.08-3.56) . Conclusion : Coagulation abnormalities are commonly seen in cirrhotic liver disease.Decreased platelet count and increased PT and APTT are commonly seen in chronic liver disease. These parameters can be used as prognostic markers. DOI: 10.21276/APALM.1170
The jump-risk premia implicit in options: evidence from an integrated time-series study

This paper examines the joint time series of the S&P 500 index and near-the-money shortdated option prices with an arbitrage-free model, capturing both stochastic volatility and jumps. Jump-risk premia uncovered from the joint data respond quickly to market volatility, becoming more prominent during volatile markets. This form of jump-risk premia is important not only in reconciling the dynamics implied by the joint data, but also in explaining the volatility ‘‘smirks’’ of cross-sectional options data. r 2002 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. JEL classification: G12
Test of Policy Ineffectiveness Proposition with Real Expectations for Turkey

The purpose of this study is to determine the validity of Policy Ineffectiveness Proposition (PIP) for the study period in which Inflation Targeting policy is kept transparent and accountability at the forefront. In the study, seasonally adjusted and seasonally unadjusted data was analyzed with Cobb-Douglas Production Function (CDPF), Lucas Aggregate Supply Function (LASF), Variance Autoregressive (VAR) and Impulse-Response Functions. Expectations series are calculated using the real expectations data obtained from the surveys conducted across the public and private sectors by the central banks. The simultaneous effects of anticipated and unanticipated expectations of inflation and exchange rate on real output are tested using CDPF and LASF. In general, the results obtained from CDPF and LASF do not support the PIP. Looking at the results of VAR analysis, it has been determined that coefficients of anticipated expectations and some unanticipated expectations are significant. The results of Impulse-Response analysis have shown that any innovation or shock in unanticipated expectations leads to an increase in anticipated expectations of inflation. In addition, in the case of a new innovation or shock in the set of information available about the anticipated expectations, it can be said that it takes between five and eight months for the real sector to incorporate this update. The results of VAR and Impulse-Response analysis also do not support the PIP.
Effect of Body Composition on Walking Economy

Purpose. The aim of the study was to evaluate walking economy and physiological responses at two walking speeds in males with similar absolute body mass but different body composition. Methods. The study involved 22 young men with similar absolute body mass, BMI, aerobic performance, calf and thigh circumference. The participants differed in body composition: body fat (HBF group) and lean body mass (HLBM group). In the graded test, maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max ) and maximal heart rate were measured. Walking economy was evaluated during two walks performed at two different speeds (4.8 and 6.0 km · h –1 ). Results. The VO 2max was similar in both groups, as were the physiological responses during slow walking. The absolute oxygen uptake or oxygen uptake relative to body mass did not significantly differentiate the studied groups. The only indicator significantly differentiating the two groups was oxygen uptake relative to LBM. Conclusions. Body composition does not significantly affect walking economy at low speed, while during brisk walking, the economy is better in the HLBM vs. HBF group, provided that walking economy is presented as oxygen uptake relative to LBM. For this reason, we recommend this manner of oxygen uptake normalization in the evaluation of walking economy.
Optical tomography for solid gas measurement using mixed projection

Optical tomography is widely known in tomography area to visualise and measure mass flow rate of two phases flows solid gas. In order to visualise the material inside the pipeline, parallel beam projection had been selected at all times because of its simplicity. However while producing the image, some constraints such as smear and blurriness will happen, whereas for mass flow rate, the measurement of a non-homogenous flow will always affect the accuracy of the result. Therefore, a combination between parallel and fan beam was done to produce a better spatial resolution. This research introduces a new projection technique by mixing the parallel and fan beam projections that is, Mix Modality between Parallel and Fan Beam Left and Right (MPFBLR), and Mix Modality between Parallel and Fan Beam Centre (MPFBC). These mixed projections need a specific design of a sensor jig by eliminate the collimator to enable two modes of projections to be operated and consequently, this combination will use switching/pulsing technique. Linear Back Projection (LBP) is the algorithm that will be used to reconstruct the image in real time. The image will be processed offline to filter unwanted data, and to enhance quality using Filtered Back Projection (FBP) with Averaging Grouping Color (AGC) method and Linear Back Projection with Interpolation (LBPI). A new technique using polynomial graph acquired from calibration process of gravity flow rig will be employed to measure the mass flow rate. The result demonstrated that MPFBLR gave the best values in terms of Area Error (AE) percentage, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Normalized Mean Square Error (NMSE) compared to single parallel beam projection. The mass flow rate can be easily monitored using polynomial equation from the manual calibration. In conclusion, the combination technique between parallel and fan beam can improve the image quality and enable the mass flow rate measurement.
Detection of seven trichothecene mycotoxins in infant cereal foods by QuEChERS extraction and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry

Las micotoxinas tricotecenos se encuentran comunmente en los cereales, como el trigo, la cebada, el maiz, la avena, el centeno y los productos derivados. Los bebes y los ninos pequenos se consideran un grupode alto riesgo debido al gran consumo de alimentos a base de cereales en relacion con su peso corporal. En este estudio se ha desarrollado y validado un metodo rapido, selectivo y sensible para la cuantificacion simultanea de 7 micotoxinas tricotecenos (HT-2 toxina, T-2, diacetoxiscirpenol (DAS), deoxinivalenol (DON), 3-acetil-DON, 15-acetil DON, y fusarenon-X (FUS-X) en cereales infantiles. Las micotoxinas se han extraido de las muestras mediante QuEChERS modificado (acronimo de rapido, facil, barato, eficaz, robusto y seguro). El metodo se basa en una unica extraccion con una mezcla de metanol y acetonitrilo, seguido de una etapa de extraccion/particion despues de la adicion de la sal, y un paso de limpieza utilizando extraccion en fase solida de dispersion (EPS-D). El analisis se llevo a cabo usando cromatografia liquida combinada con un espectrometro de masas en tandem de triple cuadrupolo (EM/EM) con ionizacion por electrospray en modo positivos (ESI+) con monitorizacion de reaccion multiple (MRM). El metodo validado demostro tener una buena exactitud (>72% de recuperacion), reproducibilidad (<10% de desviacion estandar relativa interdia) y sensibilidad para las micotoxinas seleccionadas (los limites de deteccion del metodo oscilaron entre 0,02 mg kg-1 a 0,15 mg kg-1). Se analizaron 57 muestras de cereales infantiles comercializadas en Espana revelando la presencia de FUS-X, 15-acetil DON, 3-acetil-DON y T-2 en 9 (15,5%) muestras.
Natural Occurrence of nematode antagonistic fungi in temperate vegetable Production Systems

The study on the occurrence and impact of native antagonistic fungi on the root knot nematode, Meloidoyne hapla in Nilgiris revealed that the most common antagonistic fungi associated were Trichoderma viride,Paecilomyces lilacinus and Verticillium lecanii. The fungal culture filtrates were tested for their larvicidal and ovicidal properties in vitro. The antagonistic effect of these fungi on nematode was further confirmed in vivo under green house conditions. Both in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that T. viride and P. lilacinus were the most effective species against M. hapla.The egg parasitic fungus completely parasitized the eggs and depleted the egg content. The mortality of the juveniles increased with increase in the concentration and exposure to fungal culture filtrates. In vivo studies indicated that these fungi were highly effective in reducing the population of root knot nematodes in soil. The results suggest that these fungi can be effectively used.
The Relationship Between Pit Chemistry and Pit Geometry Near the Critical Pitting Temperature

In pitting corrosion, the pit stability product is the product of anodic current density and depth, ia, which for an open hemispherical cavity would be proportional to the product of the cation diffusivity and some interfacial concentration of the dissolving cations, DC. Many authors believe that pit growth is diffusion-controlled, i.e., C = Cs solubility of the metal salt . Temporarily, prior to salt film precipitation, supersaturation is possible up to some maximum value: C = Css. Estimates of ia for real pits can be used to analyze their degree of occlusion, that is, by how much the effective value of pit radius aeff = nFDCs/i, where is a geometrical factor close to 0.5 differs from the geometrical pit radius calculated using Faraday’s law a . Small pits are found to be highly occluded, i.e., aeff a. For metastable pits formed in a high-alloy 904L stainless steel, the value of ia increases linearly with pit depth, and for a temperature 7° below the critical pitting temperature CPT , approaches DCs at the largest observed pit depth of ca. 10 m, but very large metastable pits formed closer to the CPT have ia values that exceed even DCss. We show that this is consistent with the time-dependent development of a dish-shaped pit geometry, and that by suitable correction the stability products become consistent with diffusion-controlled pit growth. © 2006 The Electrochemical Society. DOI: 10.1149/1.2210670 All rights reserved.
Probabilistic Topic Models in Natural Language Processing

In machine learning, topic models serve to discover abstract structures in large document collections. I present a tailored selection of concepts both from information theory and from statistics to build a solid foundation for understanding topic models. The concepts presented include theorems as well as examples and visualizations. I focus on two models in particular: The Latent Dirichlet Allocation and the Dynamic Topic Model. Applications, built in the Python programming language, demonstrate possible cases of application, such as matching news articles similar in content and exploring the topic evolution of news articles over time. This paper’s objective is to guide the reader from a casual understanding of basic statistical concepts, such as those typically acquired in undergraduate studies, to an understanding of topic models.