Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ADELA: attention based deep ensemble learning for activity recognition in smart collaborative environments

Human activity recognition (HAR) is a key challenge in pervasive computing and its solutions have been presented based on various disciplines. For HAR in a smart environment without privacy and accessibility issues, data streams generated by environmental sensors are leveraged. In this paper, we propose ADELA, a novel activity recognition scheme in a smart collaborative environment where a group of users performs an activity without user identification. ADELA calculates the importance of events from sensor data streams depending on their impact on recognizing activities and finds the best activity recognition base models using attention-based ensemble learning. After the training phase, each base model obtains its weight through weighted majority calculation, and ADELA stores the information to Trained Model Storage to reuse it for inferring. We evaluate ADELA using the data collected from our testbed and CASAS dataset where users perform their tasks daily and validate the effectiveness of ADELA in a real environment. Experiment results show that the proposed scheme performs higher recognition performance than existing approaches.
Applying Hierarchical Feature Modeling in Automotive Industry

Context. Variability management (VM) in automotive domain is a promising solution to reduction of complexity. Feature modeling, as starting point of VM, deals with analysis and representation of available features in terms of commonalities and variabilities. The work is done in the context of an automotive industry – Adam Opel AG. Objectives. This work studies the automotive specific problems with respect to feature modeling, investigates what decomposition and structuring approaches exist in literature, and which one of them satisfies the industrial requirements. The approach to feature modeling is synthesized, evaluated and documented. Methods. In this work a case study with survey and literature review is performed. Survey uses semi structured interview and workshops as data collection methods. Systematic review includes articles from Compendex, Inspec, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, Science Direct and Engineering Village. Approach selection is based on mapping requirements against discovered approaches and discussion with industry practitioner on the regular meetings. Evaluation is proposed according to Goal Question Metric paradigm. Results. The approach that can be followed in the case organization is described and evaluated. The reasoning behind feature modeling approach construction and selection can be generalized for other organizations as well. Conclusions. We conclude that there is no perfect approach that would solve all the problems connected to automotive software. However, structuring approaches can be complementary and while combining give a good results. Tool support that integrates into the whole development cycle is important, as the amount of information cannot be processed using simple feature modeling tools. There is a need for further investigation in both directions – tool support and structuring approaches. The tactics that are proposed here should be introduced in organizations and formally evaluated.
Fault Detection For ASIC Design Reliability On Resistive Delay Faults And Strength-Based Soft-Errors

Soft-errors (SEs) and delay faults (DFs) frequently occur in modern high-density, high-speed, low-power VLSI circuits. Therefore, SE hardened design and DF testing are essential. This thesis introduces two novel methods for soft-error detection and delay fault propagation in nanometre technology. A new idea is proposed to propagate those delay faults that are not causing logic failure at the site of the defect, but the delay makes the circuit more prone to soft-errors that manifest the effect of delay faults. This approach propagates the fault from the fault location by mapping a nine-valued voltage model on top of a five-valued voltage model to convert delay faults to static faults. This original idea reduces the complexity of delay fault propagation. This thesis introduces an original approach toward soft-error detection based on the strength violation in the circuit. This research shows that transient pulses of less than threshold voltage will cause soft-errors without altering the logic value at the strike location. This method will increase the Soft-Error Rates (SER) for all existing methods if strength-based Soft-Error detection will be considered. The offered approach uses a novel coding system that carries both logic and strength which applies to certain logic functions that are sensitive to strength variations. A wide range of soft-errors are the result of strength violation in switch-level that have never been investigated before.
A moving approach to magnetic modeling of electrical steels in 2-d

In this work we present a possible approach to predict the magnetic behavior of electric steels using a vector hysteron model implemented in a "moving" way, because the position of theelementary magnetic particlesused to represent the magnetic material changes in function of the magnetization state. The moving functions are identified using a suitable set of experimental data and a numerical procedure based on a Metric-Topological-Evolutionary optimization. The accuracy and effectiveness of the method proposed are proved by comparison between computed and measured data related to circular magnetic induction loops at different amplitudes from the virgin state to the saturation region.
Pest and pathogen control : strategic, tactical, and policy models

This book describes mathematical models and systems analysis techniques applied to the study of insect pest, plant pathogens, and human diseases. The research programs of over 40 scientists from all over the world are compared and contrasted in detail to provide a state-of-the-art review on how such modeling can increase the effectiveness of more traditional ecological, biological, and chemical control methods. This is the first time such a synthesis has been attempted, and arises in part from a conference hosted by the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria. Papers from this event, plus additional solicited material, have been grouped by Professor Conway into three sections representing strategic, tactical, and policy decision models. An introduction and three linking chapters are provided to place these models in context. Discussing specific case histories in these mathematical terms and the consequent transfer of insights and methods will be of long-term interest to both professional and academic applied entomologists, plant pathologists, medical epidemiologists, applied ecologists, and systems analysts.
The methodological development of a Benefits Realisation Management Process (BRMP) in the case of Manchester, Salford and Trafford (MaST) Local Improvement Finance Trust (LIFT)

In recent years the UK government has made huge capital investment into the public sector in particular healthcare. One such initiative occurred in 2001 in the form of LIFT (Local Improvement Finance Trust) for primary care settings through a Public Private Partnership (PPP). LIFT has enabled a large amount of private spending to take place in primary care settings in deprived areas. However, LIFT has been subject to much criticism in areas such as overall costs, over-capacity, and lack of utilisation of spaces. Therefore there is a need for past, current and future government initiatives to be assessed on their benefit. HaCIRIC has started to address this first issue through a case study within the MaST LIFT. The findings of this case study aim to assess and review the degree to which the original planned benefits have been realized and what the actual benefits have been. This paper will present how the processes within the initial phases of the case study will be undertaken. As well as presenting the literature in the area of benefits management and related areas through a literature review of key texts.
Computer Security Assurance Using the Common Criteria

Part I BUILDING TRUST in SECURITY SYSTEMS: Foundations of IT Security Assurance.The Common Criteria (CC). Part II THE PIECES of the COMMON CRITERIA (CC) PUZZLE: Participants and Activities within the Common Criteria (CC). Developing a Protection Profile (PP). Developing Security Targets.The CCToolBox.Common Criteria (CC) Interpretations and Issue Resolution.Part III EVALUATION PHASE: Evaluating Target of Evaluations (TOEs). Certification Process.Maintenance of Assurance.The Common Criteria (CC) at Work.Part IV APPENDIXES: Appendix A Sample Protection Profile (PP). Appendix B Sample Security Target.Appendix C Example Common Criteria (CC) Certificate.Appendix D Common Criteria (CC)-Compliant Testing Labs.Appendix E Guidance Documents.Appendix F Inside The Common Criteria Information Portal.Appendix G Other Common Criteria (CC) Information Sources.Appendix H Glossary.
Efficiency and Effectiveness of Web Application Vulnerability Detection Approaches: A Review

Most existing surveys and reviews on web application vulnerability detection (WAVD) approaches focus on comparing and summarizing the approaches’ technical details. Although some studies have analyzed the efficiency and effectiveness of specific methods, there is a lack of a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the efficiency and effectiveness of various WAVD approaches. We conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) of WAVD approaches and analyzed their efficiency and effectiveness. We identified 105 primary studies out of 775 WAVD articles published between January 2008 and June 2019. Our study identified 10 categories of artifacts analyzed by the WAVD approaches and 8 categories of WAVD meta-approaches for analyzing the artifacts. Our study’s results also summarized and compared the effectiveness and efficiency of different WAVD approaches on detecting specific categories of web application vulnerabilities and which web applications and test suites are used to evaluate the WAVD approaches. To our knowledge, this is the first SLR that focuses on summarizing the effectiveness and efficiencies of WAVD approaches. Our study results can help security engineers choose and compare WAVD tools and help researchers identify research gaps.
Simulation study on physical features of a silicon substrate during stealth dicing with a constrained interpolation profile procedure

Laser processing plays a key role in treating a lot of materials. The mechanism of laser stealth dicing (SD) is based on irradiation of a laser beam which is focused inside the brittle material. The laser beam scans along the predetermined path, so that the characteristics of the interior brittle material can be changed, the stress layer can be therefore formed. Finally, an external force is applied to separate the brittle material. Since only the limited interior region of a wafer is processed by the laser irradiation, the damages and debris contaminants can be avoided during the SD process. SD has the advantages of a high speed for thinner wafers without any chipping, the smooth section without dust and slag, and completely dry process, which has been widely used in large scale integrated circuits and microelectronic manufacturing systems. However, further studies on the simulation analyze and parameter optimization have kept to be rear for SD so far. In this study, an approach named as constrained interpolation profile (CIP) was adopted, which has the advantages of compactness, stability, and low dissipation in computational fluid dynamics compared with other simulation procedures. We have finished a theoretical simulation to obtain the physical features of the temperature, pressure, density of the silicon substrate at different focal depth where a nanosecond pulsed laser is irradiated, then we found a suitable focal depth with a good dicing quality by analyzing these physical features.
Trustworthy email

This document gives recommendations and guidelines for enhancing trust in email. The primary audience includes enterprise email administrators, information security specialists and network managers. This guideline applies to federal IT systems and will also be useful for small or medium sized organizations. Technologies recommended in support of core Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) and the Domain Name System (DNS) include mechanisms for authenticating a sending domain: Sender Policy Framework (SPF), Domain Keys Identified Mail (DKIM) and Domain based Message Authentication, Reporting and Conformance (DMARC). Recommendations for email transmission security include Transport Layer Security (TLS) and associated certificate authentication protocols. Recommendations for email content security include the encryption and authentication of message content using S/MIME (Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) and associated certificate and key distribution protocols.
The Effect of PEGDE Concentration and Temperature on Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Chitosan

Chitosan (CHT) is a polysaccharide with multiple claimed properties and outstanding biocompatibility, generally attributed to the presence of protonable amino groups rendering a cationic natural polymer. However, the effect of changes in CHT structure due to hydration is not considered in its performance. This study compares the effects on biocompatibility after drying at 25 °C and 150 °C scaffolds of chitosan, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) crosslinked CHT (low, medium and high concentration) and glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinked CHT. PEGDE crosslinked CHT showed a reduction in free amino groups and the amide I/II ratio, which exhaustive drying reduced further. In X-ray diffraction (DRX) analysis, PEGDE crosslinked CHT showed multiple peaks, whereas the crystallinity percentage was reduced with an increase in PEGDE concentration and thermal treatments at 150 °C. In a direct contact cell assay, high osteoblast viability was achieved at low and medium PEDGE concentrations, which was improved when the crosslinked scaffolds were thermally treated at 150 °C. This was attributed to its partial hydrophilicity, low crystallinity and low surface roughness; this in spite of the small reduction in the amount of free amino groups on the surface induced during drying at 150 °C. Furthermore, PEGDE crosslinked CHT scaffolds showed strong vinculin and integrin 1β expression, which render them suitable for bone contact applications.
A new method of passive ranging for underwater target： distance information extraction based on wave guide invariant

The study of wave guide invariant in underwater acoustics is one of attracted topics in recent 30 years.The interferences of direct wave and reflect wave from sea surface and sea bottom of underwater target radiated noise inherent the information of target distance.Extraction of these distance information will provide a possible new way in passive ranging for underwater target.The theoretical analysis and the results of at sea experiments show that the LOFAR(Low Frequency Analysis Record) figure inherently contains the range and moving information of passive acoustic sources,even in the situation that the receiver is only one single hydrophone.The theoretical analysis of extraction of target distance information by using wave guide invariant is presented in this paper.It is shown that,based on the interference striation pattern of target,the hydrophone array system is possible to extract the distance information with quite high array gain.Although the mathematical constrain conditions in forming interference striation pattern are different for individual array element,but it is proved that the differences of time delays between array elements can be used in compensation of beamforming.The theoretical analysis,system simulation and some results of at sea experiment show a new way in passive ranging and target recognition.
Measuring Legacy: Architectural representation and cultural identity in an historical marker

This paper addresses the problem of adaptation and integration in relation to an immigrant culture by using an heritage building that possesses more than a passing historical significance to argue that sustaining an architectural work in the wake of vacillating subscription to its original use can be crucial to keeping alive contestations for community recognition. Beginning with an architect’s gaze initiated by a measured drawing exercise, it observes a range of architectural adaptations that the building has undergone in integrating itself into a transposed location, before suggesting that consideration of the historical and social narratives embedded in building-and-builder is inevitable to map their communal contribution to national conversations fully. Employing a hybrid methodology of architectural case study and interpretive, literaturebased, social analysis, it finds that engagement with the equatorial climate wrought the most change to the northern Chinese typology of this building, and that there is a metaphorical parallel in the inherent narrative that highlights cultural negotiation and compromise. It concludes by arguing that any unequivocal quest for historical truth can only be healthy for a multicultural society that keeps vigil over political harmony, and that the process necessarily involves “re-storying” as much as “archaeological” findings. It suggests five potential areas for further research.
Upper Body Posture and Muscle Activation in Recreational Cyclists: Immediate Effects of Variable Cycling Setups

ABSTRACT Purpose: Discomfort during cycling can be counteracted by adjusting the seat position. However, the influence of changes in cycling position regarding quantitative biomechanical adaptions of the upper body in recreational cyclists is unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of saddle position and reach distance on upper body kinematics and muscle activation. Methods: Twelve recreational cyclists were investigated in four different sitting positions on an adjustable cycle trainer. Trunk, pelvis, shoulder, elbow and spinal kinematics as well as lower back and elbow extensor activity were analyzed for combinations of normal and shortened reach distance including horizontal and 10° downward inclined saddle positions. Results: An inclined saddle increased activation of elbow extensors by almost 23 ± 8% (p < .01) while a shortened reach distance resulted in a more posterior pelvic tilt of up to 18 ± 2% (p < .01) and less trunk forward lean of 10 ± 9% (p < .01). Shoulder flexion reduced by up to 23 ± 16% (p < .05) while elbow flexion increased by 15 ± 22% (p < .05) with a shortened reach distance. No differences between configurations were found for spinal kinematics and lower back muscle activity. Conclusions: Changing the reach distance showed considerable biomechanical effects on upper body kinematics of the pelvis and trunk rather than on the spine or on lower back muscle activity. For reach distance, most compensation of postural changes of the upper body occurred by changes of shoulder and elbow angles while elbow extensor activation was only altered by saddle downward inclination.
Optimization design of muffler based on acoustic transfer matrix and genetic algorithm

So as to improve the noise reduction performance and the optimization efficiency of the muffler, an optimization design method based on acoustic transfer matrix and genetic algorithm was proposed in this paper, wherein the transmission loss at certain frequency was treated as the optimization objective, and each structural dimension of the muffler as the design variable, the structural optimization design was conducted through genetic algorithm, thus the optimal solutions were eventually obtained; Moreover, single objective optimization and multiple objective optimization were successively performed, with the results compared with each other, through which it could be demonstrated that the result of the latter was superior to that of the former, concretely, the noise was reduced by 21.32 dB.
Growth in Transition Economies: A Trade Policy Perspective

This paper examines the influence of trade liberalization on GDP growth during the transition from communism. The level of trade liberalization is found to raise the growth rate, particularly in the early part of the transition and for the countries nearest to the European Union. For the remaining countries and for the later transition period, the positive influence of trade reform on growth requires the negative effect of the interaction between trade reform and privatization to be taken into account. Even with the interaction terms the effect of trade liberalization is not statistically significant in the later transition period.
Probabilistic near-field tsunami source and tsunami run-up distribution inferred from tsunami run-up records in northern Chile

Understanding a tsunami source and its impact is vital to assess a tsunami hazard. Thanks to the efforts of the tsunami survey teams, high-quality tsunami run-up data exists for contemporary events. Still, it has not been widely used to infer a tsunami source and its impact mainly due to the computational burden of the tsunami forward model. In this study, we propose a TRRF-INV (Tsunami Run-up Response Function-based INVersion) model that can provide probabilistic estimates of a near-field tsunami source and tsunami run-up distribution from a small number of run-up records. We tested the TRRF-INV model with synthetic tsunami scenarios in northern Chile and applied it to the 2014 Iquique, Chile, tsunami event as a case study. The results demonstrated that the TRRF-INV model can provide a reasonable tsunami source estimate to first order and estimate tsunami run-up distribution well. Moreover, the case study results agree well with the United States Geological Survey report and the global Centroid Moment Tensor solution. We also analyzed the performance of the TRRF-INV model depending on the number and the uncertainty of run-up records. We believe that the TRRF-INV model has the potential for supporting accurate hazard assessment by (1) providing new insights from tsunami run-up records into the tsunami source and its impact, (2) using the TRRF-INV model as a tool to support existing tsunami inversion models, and (3) estimating a tsunami source and its impact for ancient events where no data other than estimated run-up from sediment deposit data exists.