Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nei's Modified Genetic Identity and Distance Measures and their Sampling Variances

-The conditions under which Nei's (1972) genetic identity measure (I) yields results which are discordant with changes recorded in the gene identities at single loci are defined. We noticed that upon reassessment of allele frequencies, the value of I can in some cases change in the opposite direction of changes recorded in single locus gene identities. This anomaly may affect phylogenetic reconstructions especially when closely related populations and/or rare alleles are involved. We illustrate this problem using two examples, one based on real electrophoretic data from two Macaca species, the other based on hypothetical allele frequencies. We propose to use instead of Nei's I, an alternative measure, which we call Nei's modified genetic identity (I). This measure is based on the arithmetic mean of single locus gene identities. Nei's modified distance (D) is derived analogically to Nei's D. We present the sampling variances of these modified estimates. [Nei's distance; allele frequencies; philogeny; electrophoresis. ] The most widely used genetic distance estimate is Nei's (1972) D. Its popularity stems from its simplicity and facility of application (Hedrick, 1983; Kimura, 1983). Nei's D has also been shown to have an approximate linear relationship with time of divergence (Nei, 1987). However, during a reassessment of data on the gene diversity at the amylase and hemoglobin loci in two, species of macaques (Tomiuk, unpubl.), we noticed that it is possible to record a decrease in the single locus gene identity at one or several loci, and concomitantly record an increase in the overall gene identity across all loci between the two species. This means that despite of a larger divergence at single loci, the total genetic identity may in some cases assume higher values, thus indicating undue genetic similarity. In this note we assess the conditions under which this type of anomaly may occur. Furthermore, we propose modified versions of Nei's genetic identity and Nei's genetic distance, as suggested but not recommended by Nei in his 1972 paper, and * Dedicated to Prof. K. Wohrmann on his sixtieth birthday. 3To whom all correspondence should be addressed. presented again in Hillis (1984). In this note we also calculate the sampling variances of the modified formulae.
Factors Associated with Objectively Assessed Physical Activity Levels of Heart Failure Patients

Aim: To determine the level of objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in patients with heart failure (HF), and to assess the association between MVPA and patient sociodemographic, exercise capacity, and health status factors. Methods: Baseline MVPA data was available in 247 HF patients with 7-day wrist-worn accelerometry from two randomized controlled trials. Associations between MVPA and patient sociodemographic, exercise capacity, and health status factors were assessed using univariate and multivariable linear regression models. Results: 247 patients (28% female, mean age 71 ± 10 years) with HF with reduced ejection fraction (n=198) and preserved ejection fraction (n=49) were included in the analysis. Average MVPA was 283. 3 min/week and ranged widely from a minimum of 0 mins/week to maximum of 2626. 7 mins/week (standard deviation: 404. 1 mins/week). 111 (45%) of patients had a level of PA that met current guidelines of at least 150 minutes/week of MVPA. Multivariable regression showed patient’s age, body mass index, employment status, smoking status, New York Heart Association class, NT-proBNP and exercise capacity to be strongly associated (p<0. 001) with the level of MVPA (p<0. 001). Conclusion: Whilst 45% of HF patients had objectively measured levels of MVPA that met current PA recommendations, we observed a wide range in the level of MVPA across this patient sample. As a number of factors were found to be associated with MVPA our findings provide important information for future interventions aiming to increase MVPA in HF patients.
Implementation of a Secured Approach using Dynamic Key Management Scheme for Node Authentication in Wireless Sensor Networks

----------------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Security and authentication are critical in wireless sensor networks[WSNs]. These networks are deployed in nasty environment under very less or no human supervision and mostly in unattended areas. Autonomous nature with tiny, resource constrained sensor nodes coupled with wireless nature make them unique and at the same time challengeable. The features are most unique, thus making these networks useful in diverse areas. The tasks assigned to these networks are generally of sensing the values or parameters which humans can’t gather or sense. This includes environment monitoring, emergencies, health monitoring, battlefield surveillance and target tracking systems. This is because the environment and conditions where these networks are deployed. This makes networks prone to malicious users' and physical attacks due to some factors like radio nature of network, un-trusted transmission, unattended nature and open access. Due to lack of resources a sensor node hinders the use of dynamic key management solutions designed for wired and adhoc networks This paper proposes an authentication security for a sensor node in wireless sensor networks using zero knowledge protocol. The technique hides the keys from attacker while authentication and attacker will not have any knowledge about key. The proposed work uses rekeying mechanism with a system to use dynamic keys for node authentication. Moreover, a proposed technique is able to mitigate various attacks occurring on WSNs. The results show that the technique used is efficient.
Key Success Factors of Total Quality Management (TQM) for the Hospitality Sector. A Critical Review of the Literature

The main aim of this paper is to find the key practices of TQM, implementable into hospitality sector by reviewing the literature of both service and manufacturing sector, and to outline key practices of TQM to develop a comprehensive and feasible quality framework for managers of SMEs to adopt the best TQM practices that enhance operational efficiency through quality improvement and to achieve optimal results. The researcher has applied a systematic literature review strategy to achieve the overall aim of this study. The systematic literature review has focused more on explaining the concepts comprehensively and in an organised manner. In this regard, the outline of the literature has been designed in such a manner, to go from a general perspective to a broader perspective to provide an in-depth discussion of the research topic. Data relevant to the research has been collected from scholarly articles and previous studies, to provide a clear understanding of the topic. Finally, this research makes an original contribution in the academic field as it enhances the knowledge of TQM among the managers and quality practitioners concerning key TQM practices, which are directly associated and can be implemented in the hospitality industry.
What Are COVID-19 Arabic Tweeters Talking About?

The new coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) has swept the world since December 2019 posing a global threat to all countries and communities on the planet. Information about the outbreak has been rapidly spreading on different social media platforms in unprecedented level. As it continues to spread in different countries, people tend to increasingly share information and stay up-to-date with the latest news. It is crucial to capture the discussions and conversations happening on social media to better understand human behavior during pandemics and alter possible strategies to combat the pandemic. In this work, we analyze the Arabic content of Twitter to capture the main discussed topics among Arabic users. We utilize Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) to discover main issues and topics based on a dataset of Arabic tweets from early January to the end of April, and identify the most frequent unigrams, bigrams, and trigrams of the tweets. The final discovered topics are then presented and discussed which can be roughly classified into COVID-19 origin topics, prevention measures in different Arabic countries, prayers and supplications, news and reports, and finally topics related to preventing the spread of the disease such as curfew and quarantine. To our best knowledge, this is the first work addressing the issue of detecting COVID-19 related topics from Arabic tweets.
Insights for community outreach building to promote lifelong learning with higher education alumni in Chile

Despite conclusive evidence from high performing higher education (HE) institutions worldwide demonstrating the benefits of strong alumni relations, institutions in many evolving countries often neglect their graduates. And this, despite rapid advances in technology that can support ongoing relations. The objective of our year-long project was to address this neglect. We (re)connected with 220 English pedagogy alumni through a digital newsletter. The newsletter provided a forum for building community and mediating professional development among graduates and current faculty. Our qualitative mini case study focused on uncovering the emotions, perspectives and needs of former students through the lens of sociocultural and identity theory using a Likert scale questionnaire, field notes and writing-based interviews to collect data. Positive gains from this initiative were evidenced in clear signs of alumni’s increased recognition of their agency in mediating empowered professional identities through continuous learning. This recognition accompanied a trajectory of their investment in their professional development, characterized by a sense of affinity, then engagement with and support of the institution and community building. We believe these findings speak volumes of the potential of such outreach for all stakeholders in education, including the society at large.
The matching problem in computer vision: A convex approach

In this work, we tackle the correspondence problem between two point clouds. The points may lie in a space of arbitrary dimension, but they are mainly considered two and three dimensional point clouds. Our approach takes into account the geometrical and local information inherent to the matching problem. The Subspace Matching Theorem is extended to better deal with real cases. For this, the possibility of missing data or clutter are modeled, and the local features are included in our model. We formalize the problem as a convex optimization program and it can solve the problem for a moderately-sized dataset using available optimization algorithms. We compare experimentally our algorithm with ICP and show that our algorithm yields better results. To demonstrate the capabilities of our approach, we present experiments for several application examples.
Medical and Mental Health Comorbidities Among Minority Racial/Ethnic Groups in the United States

The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of and the association between comorbid disorders and race/ethnicity in the United States. Using cross-sectional data from the 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (N =45,207,844), we examined the comorbidity of psychological distress with self-reported diagnosis of diabetes and angina and history of heart attack and stroke. Logistic regression was used to examine between group differences by race/ethnicity. Unadjusted results indicate that American Indian (odds ratio [OR] = 4.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.78, 9.04]) and Hispanic (OR = 1.55, 95% CI [1.04, 2.33]) participants were more likely to have psychological distress and history of heart attack in comparison to White participants. American Indians were more likely to have psychological distress with angina (OR = 3.82, 95% CI [1.92, 7.63]) and with history of stroke (OR = 4.25, 95% CI [2.16, 8.26]) in unadjusted results when compared to White participants. Our results suggest that racial/ethnic minority groups, compared to White Americans, are more likely to suffer from comorbid mental health and medical conditions, which may be a result of stress arising from discrimination and historical oppression of these populations.
Protein, esterase and peroxidase patterns of phytophthora isolates from cocoa in Malaysia

Protein, esterase and peroxidase patterns of eighteen isolates of P. palmivora from various cocoa growing areas of Peninsular Malaya, Sabah dan Sarawak were studied by polyacrylamide vertical gel electrophoresis, to determine whether "strain" within P. palmivora could be distinguished using this method. The protein patterns of all the isolates studied were almost identical qualitatively and it was impossible to distinguish "strain" between the isolates of P. polmivora from cocoa. Esterase and peroxidase patterns of the isolates were also identical, although the amount of enzyme varies as observed by variation of color intensity of the bands.
An approach for rapid generation of interactive spider maps for public transport networks

A spider map is a type of schematic map that allows one to answer questions like "From where I am, where can I go? ", as it provides only the essential information for a given geographical area (hub), from which lines emerge, whilst keeping the geographic context. They are often designed manually for a limited set of locations, thus reducing its widespread adoption. Moreover, spider maps should conform to several design constraints, which turns the automated generation into a complex problem. Optimisation techniques have been applied to this problem, although existing solutions are time costly and require heavy computational power. This paper presents an approach to automatically generate feasible spider maps within a short execution time based on an algorithm that adapts state-of-the-art methods, producing adequate quality maps to be manipulated in interactive media, based on the areas selected by the user. We report the results of a case study for areas in the city of Porto, Portugal. Received on 02 February 2020; accepted on 26 August 2020; published on 27 August 2020
Comparing the Performance of Anomaly Detection Algorithms

- An Anomaly is a data point which differs in characteristics from other data points in the dataset. The detection of anomaly plays an important role in machine learning. But most of the algorithms provide anomaly detection only with limited generalization capacity. In this paper, In this paper, we compare the efficiency of anomaly detection methods which has better robustness. The three outlier detection algorithms used are Local Outlier Factor, Isolation Forest and Autoencoders. Based on the accuracy, recall, precision, F1 score of the algorithms, the comparison graph is constructed for the three datasets and the efficient algorithm is determined.
Adult height is not associated with the risk of stomach cancer in a meta-analysis.

Background Adult height has been suggested as a biomarker for a wide range of diseases. However, there are epidemiologic inconsistencies regarding the association between adult height and stomach cancer risk. Methods We retrieved PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library databases to identify relevant studies assessing the relationship between height and risk of stomach cancer, published from inception to June 4, 2019. We pooled effect sizes for 5-cm height increments using a random-effect model and obtained the cumulative relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Additionally, we performed subgroup investigation with sensitivity analysis and tested for publication bias using the Begg rank correlation test. Results We analyzed 11 studies involving 137,451 cases. The summary of effect size (95% CI) of stomach cancer for a 5-cm-increase in adult height was 0.99 (0.95-1.02). A "leave-one-out" sensitivity analysis indicated that the heterogeneity decreased by a half and the result showed significance (RR, 0.972; 95% CI, 0.948-0.997). Subgroup analyses found no significant associations, with one exception. The exception also depended entirely on one study. We found no significant publication bias (P=0.276). Conclusions Height is not associated with increased stomach cancer risk. Epidemiologic studies of potential confounders are needed to clarify the association.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE LACEY ASSESSMENT OF PRETERM INFANTS TO PREDICT NEUROMOTOR OUTCOMES FOR PREMATURE BABIES AT TWELVE MONTHS CORRECTED AGE

Background: The Lacey Assessment of Preterm Infants (LAPI) is used in clinical practice to identify premature babies at risk of neuromotor impairments, especially cerebral palsy. There is a shortage of studies on the Lacey assessment despite its wide clinical use. This study attempted to find the diagnostic accuracy of the Lacey assessment of preterm infants to predict neuromotor outcomes of premature babies at 12 months corrected age and to compare their predictive ability with brain ultrasound. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 89 preterm infants (45 females & 44 males) born below 35 weeks gestation. An initial assessment was done using the Lacey Assessment of Preterm Infants (LAPI) after babies reached 33 weeks postmenstrual age. Follow up assessment on neuromotor outcomes was done at 12 months (±1 week) corrected age using two standardized outcome measures, i.e., Infant Neurological International Battery and Alberta Infant Motor Scale. Brain ultrasound data were collected retrospectively. Data were statistically analyzed, the diagnostic accuracy of the Lacey Assessment of Preterm Infants (LAPI) alone and in combination with brain ultrasound was calculated. Results: Fisher's exact test showed p<. 01, indicating that there is an association between the Lacey Assessment of Preterm Infants (LAPI) and the neuromotor outcomes at one year corrected age. A combination of Lacey Assessment (LAPI) and brain ultrasound results showed higher sensitivity in predicting abnormal neuromotor outcomes than Lacey Assessment alone (80% vs. 66.7%, respectively). Lacey Assessment also showed high specificity (96.3%) and negative predictive value (97.5%). Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that the Lacey Assessment of Preterm Infants (LAPI) can be used as a supplementary assessment tool for premature babies to identify those at risk of abnormal neuromotor outcomes. These findings have applications to identify premature babies eligible for early intervention services.
Control of Large-Scale Networked Cyberphysical Systems Using Cryptographic Techniques

This paper aims to create a secure environment for networked control systems composed of multiple dynamic entities and computational control units via networking, in the presence of disclosure attacks. In particular, we consider the situation where some dynamic entities or control units are vulnerable to attacks and can become malicious. Our objective is to ensure that the input and output data of the benign entities are protected from the malicious entities as well as protected when they are transferred over the networks in a distributed environment. Both these security requirements are achieved using cryptographic techniques. However, the use of cryptographic mechanisms brings additional challenges to the design of controllers in the encrypted state space; the closed-loop system gains and states are required to match the specified cryptographic algorithms. In this paper, we propose a methodology for the design of secure networked control systems integrating the cryptographic mechanisms with the control algorithms. The approach is based on the separation principle, with the cryptographic techniques addressing the security requirements and the control algorithms satisfying their performance requirements.
Entropy-Based k Shortest-Path Routing for Motorcycles: A Simulated Case Study in Jakarta

Traffic congestion is a serious problem in rapidly developing urban areas like Jakarta, Indonesia’s capital city. To avoid the congestion, motorcycles assisted with navigation apps are popular solution. However, the existing navigation apps do not take into account traffic data. This paper proposes an open-source navigation app for motorcycle by taking into account the traffic data and wide road to avoid congestion. The propose navigation app uses entropy-balanced k shortest paths (EBkSP) algorithm to suggest different routes to different users to prevent further congestion. Tests show that the proposed route planning system in the app gives routes that are significantly shorter than motorcycle routes planned by Google Maps. The EBkSP algorithm also distributes vehicles more evenly among routes than the random kSP algorithm and does so in a practical amount of computing time.
Clean masonry strengthening for inside application

There are different solutions available which can strengthen masonry as a very vulnerable construction material in seismic regions. The efficiency of the most systems is verified by many scientists, but only rare the practical issues are solved. In this paper a clean strengthening system with many benefits is presented. The concept provides an application of thin wallpaper like glass fibre textile glued directly on an existing plaster in a building with special high ductile water based polyurethane adhesive. The practical benefits are: No plaster has to be removed, very fast and clean application like wallpaper hanging, health friendly material, and high deformable connection plaster to textile. In the paper different experimental work on static cyclic loaded masonry walls in in-plane direction and dynamic wall tests in outof-plane direction are presented. The results have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed retrofit scheme.
THE EMERGING ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MODERN SOCIETY

The role of artificial intelligence has created a massive impact on all sectors of the world. Shortly, it will be more rapidly expanding to mark its significance for shaping the world. The present study cites some of the scientific studies highlighting the different roles of artificial intelligence to advance the applicative properties in the current world. The present report envisions the importance and needs of artificial intelligence in the modern world and society, shaping the future world.
Elliptic Fourier analysis of male genitalia in Bombus (s. lato) Latreille.

There are several unaddressed problems in the taxonomy of bumblebees which motivate researchers to look for alternative methods. The morphological characters of the male genitalia are reliable and also distinctive for bumblebee taxonomy as in most of the other insect groups. However, it is always used to identify species of bumblebees but not used in its higher classification. Maybe because of the complex morphology, quantitative analysis such as geometric morphometrics on the male genitalia have been neglected so far. The structure of this organ is not proper for 2D-landmark based morphometrics. Therefore, we aimed to make an Elliptic Fourier shape Analysis (EFA) to explore the shape differences of male genitalia among the members of four different subgenera (Megabombus Dalla Torre, Melanobombus Dalla Torre, Subterraneobombus Vogt and Thorachobombus Dalla Torre) of Bombus (s. lato) Latreille distributed in Turkey. Nineteen species were used for analysis and their Elliptic Fourier Descriptors (EFDs) for dorsal view were described. Ordination methods, such as Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) and Principle Component Analysis (PCA), were used to discriminate the different subgenera based on the male genitalia shape. As a result of these analyses all the methods gave us promising results in discriminating the subgeneric boundaries between previously assigned groups. This is the first study in which male genitalia of bumblebees were defined quantitatively. The results suggest an alternative methodology in establishing higher classification of bumblebees.