Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An improvement decision-making method by similarity and belief function theory

Abstract This study considers a new aspect of the belief function theory to define a belief set, which is characterized by truth, uncertainty and falsity belief degrees as a 3D vector representation. Then, based on the implication of a belief set, one of the similarity measures (i.e. Cosine, Jaccard and Dice) between two belief sets is defined. Furthermore, the weighted similarity measure of these different species between each alternative and ideal alternative is presented to rank alternatives and determine the best one. Finally, a comparison between similarity measures and an application of a new method based on similarity measures between two belief sets in the decision-making process is calculated to show the capability and validity of the proposed method.
A Biomimetic, Biocompatible OECT Sensor for the Real‐Time Measurement of Concentration and Saturation of Ions in Plant Sap

Currently, the transport of ions and nutrients in the plant stem is determined by destructive techniques or by radiolabeled compounds. Here, materials science and mathematical modeling have been combined to develop a sensor device that can monitor in real time and simultaneously the concentration of ions and the saturation in the plant's xylem. The device, based on the technology of organic electrochemical transistors, is biomimetic, biocompatible, low‐cost, and minimally invasive. The mathematical model decodes the sensor's response and decouples the effects of concentration and saturation over time. In this work, this scheme is demonstrated by monitoring the condition of tomato plants subjected to vapor pressure deficit for 16 d, and to drought and salt stress for up to 25 d. Results of the work have the potential to impact on the analysis of plant's physiology, improve water use efficiency in small and large‐scale agriculture, and maximize yield with a minimum amount of fertilizer/nutrients.
DEVELOPMENT MODEL OF DIGITAL-BASED DENTAL HEALTH RECORDING AND REPORTING SERVICE SYSTEM IN PUBLIC HEALT CENTER

The Puskesmas Information Reporting System (SIP) has been in since 1981. In its implementation, SIP was still limited to data which was the result of interactions between the community and health facilities. Methods used Research and Development (RD). Collecting data by interview, observation, and documentation. The sample contained sample I amounted were 6 people, sample II were 25 people, and sample III were 16 people. Sampling technique with non probability sampling. Data analyswas used univariate and bivariate analyswas. Result that designed and built after being tested by experts, it was feasible to apply the Digital-Based Dental Health Recording and Reporting Service System Development Model. The Development Model of the Digital-Based Dental Health Recording and Reporting Service System after being tested has been proven to be relevant/suitable for use in the implementation of the digital-based dental health recording and reporting service system at the Puskesmas in Boyolali Regency. The Development Model of the Digital-Based Dental Health Recording and Reporting Service System has effective for the substance of the application system and improves the quality of the measurement before and after the development of a dental health recording and reporting service system based at the Puskesmas in Boyolali District with p value = 0.001. Conclusion that Development Model of the Digital-Based Dental Health Recording and Reporting Service System has effective for the substance of the application system and improves the quality dental health recording and reporting service system based at the Puskesmas.
Covid-19 Hoax Detection Using KNN in Jaccard Space

Social media has become a communication key to spark thinking, dialogue and action around social issues. Hoax is information that added or subtracted from the content of the actual news. The spread of unconfirmed Covid-19 news can cause public concern. The purpose of this research was to modify KNN with Jaccard Space in the classification of hoax news related to Covid-19. The data used from Jabar Saber Hoaks and Jala Hoaks. The classification results with KNN with Jaccard Space and stemming Nazief & Adriani get the highest accuracy than other models in this research. The accuracy of the KNN model on the Jaccard Space with stemming Nazief & Adriani and K = 5 was 75.89%, while for Naïve Bayes was 65.18%.
Real-Time Detection and Mitigation of LDoS Attacks in the SDN Using the HGB-FP Algorithm

The software-defined network (SDN) has created the conditions for the optimization and development of network structures. However, its architecture is still not sufficient to resist or identify all denial of service (DoS) attacks, such as low-rate DoS (LDoS) attacks. Due to their low transporting rate and flash-crowd-like nature, LDoS attacks are well hidden in the background traffic and difficult to identify by anti-DoS mechanisms in the SDN. By implementing LDoS attacks in the SDN, we confirm that they can severely degrade the quality of service. We further propose a framework based on the histogram-based gradient boosting and finding peaks (HGB-FP) algorithm to detect LDoS attacks and mitigate their influence in the SDN in real-time. The histogram-based gradient boosting (HGB) algorithm, an ensemble learning with high quality and low complexity, can identify LDoS attacks quickly and accurately. The finding peaks (FP) algorithm locates the attacker via peak properties of the flow and installs flow rules on the switches to drop the attack flows. Experiments prove that our framework has higher accuracy and F-measure in identifying LDoS attacks than other machine learning approaches and mitigates the impact of LDoS attacks on bottleneck links in the SDN within seconds on average.
Volatile Resistive Switching Characteristics of Pt/HfO2/TaOx/TiN Short-Term Memory Device

In this work, we study the threshold switching and short-term memory plasticity of a Pt/HfO2/TaOx/TiN resistive memory device for a neuromorphic system. First, we verify the thickness and elemental characterization of the device stack through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) line scan. Volatile resistive switching with low compliance current is observed under the DC sweep in a positive bias. Uniform cell-to-cell and cycle-to-cycle DC I-V curves are achieved by means of a repetitive sweep. The mechanism of volatile switching is explained by the temporal generation of traps. Next, we initiate the accumulation of the conductance and a natural decrease in the current by controlling the interval time of the pulses. Finally, we conduct a neuromorphic simulation to calculate the pattern recognition accuracy. These results can be applicable to short-term memory applications such as temporal learning in a neuromorphic system.
First record of Poecilochirus necrophori (Acari: Mesostigmata: Parasitidae) from Turkey and its importance in forensic acarology

: Poecilochirus necrophori Vitzthum, 1930 is a Palearctic distributed species, which deutonymphs are phoretic on some burying beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae). The mites use adult beetles for transport to carcasses where the deutonymphs moult into adults and both mites and beetles feed and reproduce. A life cycle of Poecilochirus species is syn-chronized with their phoronts and they can be used in a forensic acarology as indicators of post mortem interval. We present the first record of P. necrophori from Turkey. Phoretic deutonymphs of P. necrophori were found on the beetle Nicrophorus vespillo (L.) (Coleoptera: Silphidae) in Sakarya province. The deutonymphs were also found on carcasses of marten ( Marten sp.) and mole ( Talpa sp.) from Sakarya, Turkey. Moreover, a significance of Poecilochirus species in forensic acarology is briefly discussed.
Carbon Quantum Dots from Lemon Waste Enable Communication among Biodevices

A bioinspired method of communication among biodevices based on fluorescent nanoparticles is herein presented. This approach does not use electromagnetic waves but rather the exchange of chemical systems—a method known as molecular communication. The example outlined was based on the fluorescence properties of carbon dots and follows a circular economy approach as the method involves preparation from the juice of lemon waste. The synthesis is herein presented, and the fluorescence properties and diffusion coefficient are evaluated. The application of carbon dots to molecular communication was studied from a theoretical point of view by numerically solving the differential equation that governs the phenomenon. The theoretical results were used to develop a prototype molecular communication platform that enables the communication of simple messages via aqueous fluids to a fluorescence-detecting biodevice receiver.
Using Formative Research to Inform a BCC Strategy to Increase Food Security and Dietary Diversity in Low-Income Rural Communities

Background: Adequate nutrition is a public health priority, particularly in low-income rural areas where there is a high prevalence of malnutrition and stunting. Baluchistan is an arid desert and mountainous province with the worst health indicators in Pakistan. The objective of this research study was to identify current knowledge, attitudes and practices of vulnerable women with young children residing in remote areas of Baluchistan and assess their information needs to guide the development of a BCC nutrition strategy materials and activities. Methods: This study design incorporated formative research via eight focus group discussions with demand and supply-side program beneficiaries (n=124) to assess current nutrition knowledge, attitudes and beliefs toward kitchen gardens and proposed nutrition resources. Semi-structured interviews (n=16) were also conducted to provide program intelligence from key informants. A literature review supported the development of discussion agenda based on predominant behavioral theories. Data analysis was conducted with in vivo qualitative software coupled with grounded theory with qualitative findings triangulated. Results: The study identified important factors for the development of BCC resources and activities. Opportunities included effective nutrition education, improved income and livelihoods from kitchen gardens, women’s empowerment and gender equality. Challenges included traditional cultural practices, entrenched food preparation behaviour, environmental and infrastructural constraints. Conclusions: Lessons learned highlight the benefits of integrating formative research methods with a comprehensive literature review and behavioural theories for the development of BCC resources for nutrition programs in insecure and resource-constrained settings.
Impulsive Tsunami and Large Runup Along the Sanriku Coast of Japan Produced by an Inelastic Wedge Deformation Model

Dynamic wedge failure produces short‐wavelength seafloor uplift efficiently with diminishing shallow slip on the plate interface, generating impulsive tsunami. For ria coasts with prevalent small‐wavelength bathymetric and geomorphologic features, such as the Sanriku coast of Japan, impulsive tsunami can be amplified to produce large runup. We model tsunami propagation and runup of the 1896 Sanriku tsunami by using the seafloor deformation from dynamic rupture models of Ma and Nie (2019) for a MW 8 earthquake with inelastic wedge deformation. The nonlinear Boussinesq equation is solved by a nested‐grid finite‐difference method with high‐resolution bathymetry data. We show that an inelastic deformation model with extensive wedge failure produces impulsive tsunami similar to those observed offshore the Sanriku coast in the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and generates large runup remarkably consistent with the 1896 Sanriku tsunami. As an alternative to previous models based solely on fault slip, we suggest that the impulsive tsunami and large runup along the Sanriku coast observed in the 2011 Tohoku earthquake can be explained by inelastic wedge deformation north of 38.5°N.
How Do Biological and Functional Diversity Change in Invaded Tropical Marine Rocky Reef Communities?

Evidence so far shows that most alien species (AS) have negative impacts on native biodiversity and are changing biodiversity in almost all environments. Here, we study eight rocky shores at four sites containing reefs with invaded communities and other not-invaded (control) communities, to evaluate the effects of four marine invasive species on biological and functional diversity. We used the adjustment and selection approach of species abundance distribution models (SAD), taxonomic diversity indices and functional diversity indices based on hierarchical grouping matrices (FD—Functional Diversity). In addition to comparing invaded and not-invaded communities, we also performed the same analysis, but removed the invaders (AS removed) from the matrices. The geometric-series model was best adjusted to the majority of communities. The diversity indices suggest that the taxonomic diversity is lower in invaded communities, while the functional diversity indices suggest a change in the functional space of invaded and not-invaded communities, with a greater amount of functional space filled by species in the not-invaded communities. Taxonomic and functional diversity indices were successful in identifying processes that determine the biological diversity of invaded communities, as they seem to obey a pattern that reflects the reduced diversity of invaded communities.
Elucidation of new xylose metabolizing pathway in Pseudomonas gessardii VXlt-16 and its correlation with xylitol production from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate

Scientific interventions have identified lignocellulosic biomass as potential raw material for various industrial processes. However toxic byproducts released during the process result in deterioration of environment to a greater extent. Microbes can utilize these wastes for production of products of commercial value like bio-fuels, protein, organic acids and xylitol. However, high production cost and astringent operating conditions have been the major bottlenecks for its commercial production. In microbes, xylose is metabolized by xylose isomerase (XI) and xylose reductase-xylitol dehydrogenase (XR-XDH) pathways, with later having ability to transform pure xylose as well as xylose rich lignocelluloses. Efforts to find hyper producer isolates for xylitol production resulted in identification of one such isolate Pseudomonas gessardii VXlt-16 (MG770460) by 16s rDNA sequencing. Statistical optimization resulted in 7.28 folds’ increase in xylitol yield with 64.76% xylose bioconversion. Conversion of xylose to xylitol even at large scale suggests the possible application of bacterial isolate for the production of this useful product at industrial scale.
Wearable Haptic Device for Stiffness Rendering of Virtual Objects in Augmented Reality

We propose a novel wearable haptic device that can provide kinesthetic haptic feedback for stiffness rendering of virtual objects in augmented reality (AR). Rendering stiffness of objects using haptic feedback is crucial for realistic finger-based object manipulation, yet challenging particularly in AR due to the co-presence of a real hand, haptic device, and rendered AR objects in the scenes. By adopting passive actuation with a tendon-based transmission mechanism, the proposed haptic device can generate kinesthetic feedback strong enough for immersive manipulation and prevention of inter-penetration in a small-form-factor, while maximizing the wearability and minimizing the occlusion in AR usage. A selective locking module is adopted in the device to allow for the rendering of the elasticity of objects. We perform an experimental study of two-finger grasping to verify the efficacy of the proposed haptic device for finger-based manipulation in AR. We also quantitatively compare/articulate the effects of different types of feedbacks across haptic and visual sense (i.e., kinesthetic haptic feedback, vibrotactile haptic feedback, and visuo-haptic feedback) for stiffness rendering of virtual objects in AR for the first time.
Ecological and geographical marginality in rear edge populations of Palaearctic forest birds

The centre–periphery hypothesis predicts that habitat suitability will decrease at the edge of a species’ range, a pattern often questioned by empirical data. Here we explore if habitat suitability decreases southwards and shapes the abundance distribution of rear edge populations of forest birds within the restricted geographical setting of the south‐western Palaearctic. We also test if birds endemic to the area fit more poorly to the latitudinal decrease in habitat suitability due to the putative effect of adaptations to regional conditions.
A Joint Community Detection Model: Integrating Directed and Undirected Probabilistic Graphical Models via Factor Graph With Attention Mechanism

Directed and undirected probabilistic graphical models have been successfully used in community detection in recent years, but existing graphical model based methods usually only use one type of probabilistic graphical model to discover communities. However, directed and undirected graphical models have their own advantages for characterizing different network information (attribute information and network topology). Intuitively, we can make use of the merit of both kinds of models by combining them into a unified model. However, combining directed and undirected graphical models is difficult, as they have different properties which prevent parameter sharing and joint training. In this article, we propose a unified model which integrates directed and undirected graphical models by transforming both them into factor graph. In addition, as network topology and attribute information may contain different degrees of noises, we add a selective attention layer to learn the reliable weight of each type of information source in node granularity. For training the model, we derive an iterative belief propagation algorithm to train all the parameters simultaneously. Extensive experiments on real networks and artificial benchmarks show the superiority of our approach over existing methods.
Simultaneous Observations and Combined Effects of Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves and Magnetosonic Waves

Magnetosonic (MS) waves and Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are important plasma waves in the magnetosphere. Using the Van Allen Probes observations from 2012 to 2017, we constructed the global distribution of simultaneous occurrence of MS and EMIC waves. We found a total of 214 events and the waves distribute from the noon sector to the duskside. Furthermore, we quantitatively analyze the combined effects of both waves on protons and electrons by calculating the particle diffusion coefficients and 2‐D Fokker‐Planck diffusion simulations. The simulation results show the combined effects of MS and EMIC waves. High‐frequency EMIC waves and intense MS waves at low proton harmonics are essential for the enhanced proton acceleration at several hundred eV and enhanced electron loss at several MeV. Our results provide new sights into understanding the distribution of MS and EMIC waves and evaluating their combined effects on the evolution of energetic particles.
Simulation and Modeling Concepts for Secure Airspace Operations

This paper examines cyber security vulnerabilities of Urban Air Mobility operations. With the expected advent of new entrants including Unmanned Aerial Systems, Commercial Launch Vehicles and Urban Air Mobility aircraft, the future United States National Airspace System will have to evolve to include their operations along with the current commercial, general aviation and military operations. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Federal Aviation Administration are working together to provide a vision for aviation operations in the future—2045 and beyond. Their National Airspace System Horizons initiative seeks to provide stakeholders a list of operational scenarios and technologies, concepts and strategies needed for supporting that vision. They have identified cybersecurity as one of the seven strategic interest areas for realizing this vision. Consequently, NASA is studying cyber resiliency for secure airspace operations. While there are many pathways to attack a cyber physical system such as Urban Air Mobility, their effect is expressed in modification or corruption of data/information used for controlling vehicles and making operational decisions. The paper describes cybersecurity technologies of Encryption, Blockchain, Virtual Information Fabric Infrastructure, Trusted Platform Module and Anomaly Detection for protecting the data, and the cyber resiliency of the current and future air traffic management system.
COVID-19 pandemic, a blessing or a curse for sales? A study of women entrepreneurs from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa community

Purpose The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has had profound economic effects, putting women entrepreneurs at considerable risk of losing income and sales growth as a result. This study aims to examine whether the COVID-19 pandemic is a blessing or a curse for women entrepreneurs in Pakistan’s informal sector. The influence of business type, family support and other socio-economic factors on the sales volume of women’s businesses is examined. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 400 women entrepreneurs using a survey questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to investigate the relationships between perceived sales volume and socio-economic as well as demographic factors of women entrepreneurs. Findings Findings for RQ1 revealed that the pandemic was a blessing for cloth and cosmetic entrepreneurs, but a curse for those women selling dairy products. Results for RQ2 showed that age, homeownership, household size, family support and type of business were significant predictors of sales. Furthermore, women entrepreneurs were greatly influenced by their family’s desires and decisions, such that women entrepreneurs who received support from families and relatives reported higher sales than those who did not receive such support. Practical implications The results may assist policymakers in designing supportive programs to encourage women’s informal entrepreneurial activities. Creating entrepreneurial ecosystems may provide support for women entrepreneurs beyond family support. The findings provide a better understanding of women’s business effectiveness during COVID-19 pandemic. It reveals the resilience of women entrepreneurs in the face of cultural, economic and institutional constraints encountered during the pandemic. Originality/value This study is unique because it focuses on the impact of the pandemic at the household level rather than examining broad macroeconomic scenarios. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first attempt to explore the informal, home-based business sector of women entrepreneurs in Pakistan during the pandemic.