Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low temperature spectroscopy of phytochrome: Pr, Pfr and intermediates

Phytochrome (120 kdalton) was isolated from etiolated seedlings of Avena sativa L. cv. Pirol (Baywa, Munchen). Low temperature spectra between −17°C and −160°C are recorded for Pr, Pfr, and irradiated phytochrome samples. The temperature-dependence of the Pr and Pfr absorption spectra is described. Difference spectra of such temperature effects can erroneously be interpreted as difference spectra of intermediates. Probable absorption spectra of intermediates are calculated from the spectra of irradiated Pr or Pfr, respectively. The calculated spectral data are compared with published data on phytochrome intermediates.
Hydrogen generation with sodium borohydride solution by Ru catalyst

High‐purity hydrogen generated by the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride can be used as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) for portable device applications. Because of its advantages in high storage capacity, controllable reaction, and mild condition, hydrogen generation by catalytic hydrolysis of a chemical hydride, such as sodium borohydride, has recently attracted much attention for development. Hydrogen generated by the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride using a Ru catalyst is reported in the present study. A multi‐layer coating process was used on the Ru/Ni foam catalyst to enhance the cycling generation. The optimal deposition density of the Ru particle on Ni foam was confirmed by SEM morphology. The cycling generation for the steady state reaction can be maintained at least 10 times, and gradually decreases to 82% performance after the 17th cycling generation.
Measurement of the Depolarization Ratio for the A1 Raman Line of Carbon Tetrachloride in Binary Mixtures

A study of the depolarization ratio of the totally symmetric Raman line of carbon tetrachloride in a series of solutions has been made using a He–Ne laser for the source of incident light. A value for ρs (the depolarization ratio measured with linearly polarized incident light) of 0.0039±0.0002 was found for pure CCl4. The solution results provide experimental evidence that interaction between the molecules in the liquid is a major cause of the deviation from the zero depolarization ratio predicted from symmetry arguments. This conclusion is supported by a consideration of other possible causes of the deviation.
A Facile One-step Synthesis of cis-2-Cyclopentene- and cis-2-Cyclohexene-1,4-diols from the Corresponding Cyclodienes

Cyclopentadien (I) und Cyclohexadien (IV) werden beim Bestrahlen mit einer Quecksilberhochdrucklampe (Pyrexfilter) unter einer Sauerstoffatmosphare in Methanol in Gegenwart eines Photosensibilisators und danach mit Thioharnstoff als Reduktionsmittel zu cis-2-Cyclopenten-1,4-diol (II) bzw. cis-2-Cyclohexen-1,4-diol (V) umgesetzt.
EXTRUSION OF MINCED CATFISH WITH CORN AND DEFATTED SOY FLOURS FOR SNACK FOODS

Response surface methodology (RSM) with a rotatable central composite design was used to determine an extrusion condition that would produce extrudates of a maximal expansion ratio from blends of catfish flesh (20%), corn flour and defatted soy flour (DSF) using a single-screw laboratory extruder. Feed moisture, process temperature and DSF level were selected as independent variables. Analyses of the response indicated that the combination of 26.9% moisture, 160.1C and 4.95% DSF would result in extrudates with maximal expansion. The snack food made with the aforementioned combination and 74.74% corn flour in feed was slightly less dense than malted milk balls and much less hard than cocktail peanuts, according to a trained sensory panel. “Grain complex” was the most intense flavor note. When 1% garlic or onion powder was added to the feed formulation, the spice flavor notes were detected in extrudates. No fish flavor note was perceived in any of the extrudates.
Immobilization of Heavy Metals by Polynuclear Aluminium and Montmorillonite Compounds

Modified montmorillonite compounds and polynuclear Al13 were investigated as potential binding agents to reduce heavy metal solubility in soil solutions. The experiments were carried out in batch reactors with solutions/suspensions containing montmorillonite, polynuclear Al13, Al-montmoril lonite, or Al13-montmorillonite. Nickel, copper, and zinc were adsorbed specifically on Al-montmorillonite and Al13-montmorillonite. These three metals were also incorporated in the interlayers of Al-montmorillonite and Al13-montmorillonite during the aging processes. Al-montmorillonite was most effective in the pH ranges 6−8 for nickel and zinc, 4−6 for copper, and 7−9 for cadmium. The immobilization of the heavy metal cations by Al13-montmorillonite was restricted to a smaller pH range. The polynuclear Al13 decreased the dissolved concentrations of nickel, copper, and zinc by specific binding from pH 6.1 to pH 7.5. In the pH range 5.8−6.1 nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead formed soluble complexes with Al13, whic.
The Water Activities of MgCl2, Mg(NO3)2, MgSO4, and Their Mixtures

The water activities of aqueous MgCl 2, Mg(NO3)2, and MgSO solutions and their mixtures - MgCl 2-Mg(NO3)2 (mole ratio 3:1, 1:1, 1:3), MgCl 2-MgSO4 (1:1), Mg(NO3)2-MgSO4 (1:1), and MgCl 2-Mg(NO3)2-MgSO4 (1:1:1 and 1:1:5) - were measured at room temperature from dilute solution to high supersaturation using an electrodynamic balance. The experimental results are compared with the predictions of the Zdanovskii-Stokes-Robinson (ZSR) and the Kusik and Meissner (KM) equations. Both the ZSR and the KM equations can predict the water activities of these mixtures well with an acceptable error of less than +/- 0.02. The ZSR equation is superior to the KM equation as it can give predictions for a larger range of aw where single component bulk data are available. It is also slightly more accurate than the KM equation for this system. The average standard deviations of the difference between the data measured and the predictions of the ZSR and KM equations are 0.004 and 0.01, respectively. The ZSR equation is recommen.
Mass Transfer Measurements in a Parallel Disk Cell Using the Limiting Current Technique

Mass transfer measurements in electrochemical cell using a different design and Reynolds numbers have been made in a parallel plate cell of disk geometry. The cell has only one inlet and exit, which produces extremely complex hydrodynamics in the cell. The mass-transfer coefficient was obtained using limiting diffusion cur- rent technique based in ferricyanide ion reduction, also overall mass transfer coefficients were correlated to the Reynolds number range between 80 to 1039. Here, we have made a theoretical approximation of the mass-transfer coefficient for disk geometry using the Levique relation. Finally, the disk design cell has showed improvements in the
A comparative thermodynamic study of the formation of scandium complexes with DTPA and DOTA

The complexation of scandium(III) by various polyaminopolycarboxylic ligands (DTPA and DOTA) was studied by capillary electrophoresis with ICP-MS detection in 0.1 mol L−1 NaCl ionic strength solutions at 25 °C. The results confirmed the formation of the 1:1 complexes for Sc(III)–DOTA and Sc(III)–DTPA systems. For each complex, the thermodynamic conditional constant was determined from the experimental data. The thermodynamic constants were extrapolated to zero ionic strength using the Davies equation and then compared to previously published data. These results were compared with free-ion selective radiotracer extraction (FISRE) data, which is a valid method for determining trace concentrations. The relative order of stability constants was preserved; as this method is experimentally simple, it is suitable for quick relative comparison of stability constant values under trace concentrations.
A new organically templated magnesium sulfate: structure, spectroscopic analysis, and thermal behaviour

A new magnesium sulfate templated by 2-methylpiperazine, (C5H14N2)[Mg(H2O)6](SO4)2, was prepared by the slow evaporation method. The obtained crystals were investigated by the Raman and FTIR spectroscopy and crystallographically characterised by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallises in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n. Supramolecular network of this hybrid material consists of Mg2+ cations octahedrally coordinated by six water molecules, sulfate tetrahedra and protonated and disordered diamine linked together by two types of hydrogen bonds: OW—H…O and N—H…O. Dehydration of the title compound takes place in three steps. Thermal decomposition of the anhydrous phase consists in the loss of the organic moiety and one sulfate group leading to the formation of magnesium sulfate.
Experimental and theoretical deposition rates from salt-seeded combustion gases of a Mach 0.3 burner rig

Deposition rates on platinum-rhodium cylindrical collectors rotating in the cross streams of the combustion gases of a salt-seeded Mach 0.3 burner rig were determined. The collectors were internally air cooled so that their surface temperatures could be widely varied while they were exposed to constant combustion gas temperatures. The deposition rates were compared with those predicted by the chemically frozen boundary layer (CFBL) computer program, which is based on multicomponent vapor transport through the boundary layer. Excellent agreement was obtained between theory and experiment for the NaCl-seeded case, but the agreement lessened as the seed was changed to synthetic sea salt, NaNO3, and K2SO4, respectively, and was particularly poor in the case of Na2SO4. However, when inertial impaction was assumed to be the deposition mechanism for the Na2SO4 case, the predicted rates agreed well with the experimental rates. The former were calculated from a mean particle diameter that was derived from the measured intial droplet size distribution of the solution spray. Critical experiments showed that liquid phase deposits were blown off the smooth surface of the platinum-rhodium collectors by the aerodynamic shear forces of the high-velocity combustion gases but that rough or porous surfaces retained their liquid deposits.
Statistik pendidikan tinggi tahun 2017 = higher education statistical year book 2017

Statistik Pendidikan Tinggi Tahun 2017 ini disusun oleh Pusat Data dan Informasi Ilmu Pengetahuan, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi, Kementerian Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi. Data yang disajikan dalam statistik ini meliputi lembaga perguruan tinggi, program studi, mahasiswa baru, mahasiswa terdaftar, mahasiswa drop-out, lulusan dan dosen di lingkungan Kementerian Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi. Data disajikan berdasarkan pembagian Provinsi, Perguruan Tinggi Negeri serta Koordinasi Perguruan Tinggi Swasta (Kopertis).
Synthesis and Structure of a Supramolecular Coordination Polymer [ZnI2L(CH3OH)(H2O)2]n (L = N-(3- (isonicotinamido) phenyl) isonicotinamide) With 1D Chain Structure

Reaction of a ZnI2 solution in CH3OH/H2O with a solution of L in DMF gave rise to a novel 3D supramolecular compound [ZnI2L(CH3OH)(H2O)2]n based on 1D wavy chain. The crystal structural analysis indicated that the complex crystallized in a monoclinic space group C2/c, a = 29.381(6), b = 13.021(3), c = 13.959(3), β = 102.48(3), V = 5214.0(18) Å3, Z = 8. The complex possessed a 3-D supramolecular framework formed by intermolecular hydrogen bonding among 1D wavy chains.
Chemistry and spectroscopy of interstellar molecules

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Postactivation Catalysts for Recurability of DMDHEU-Glycolic Acid Durable-Press Fabrics

Potential postactivation catalysts for promoting the recurability of durable-press cotton fabrics that have been finished with DMDHEU and glycolic acid were studied to find optimum catalysis and creasing conditions for these fabrics. A thorough study was made of the effects of concentration and creasing temperature in postactivation catalysis with magnesium chloride and zinc nitrate. The catalytic activity of other potential metal salt catalysts was surveyed, and the effects on catalytic activity of divalent, trivalent, and tetravalent metal cations and various anions were measured. Several phase-separation catalysts were studied as postactivation catalysts.
A Review of Quantification Practices for Plant-Derived Biomass Potential

The quantification of biomass potential is a useful task that may deem necessary under various circumstances. This study aims to identify the practices that have been followed in the recent past for the quantification of the plant-derived biomass potential. The employed methodology was based on an extensive literature review of recent studies in the field of biomass quantification. The review was classified in two fields: agriculture and crop residues potential, and forest residual potential. Within this study, the best quantification practices were collected and categorized and the main principles of plant-derived biomass quantification models were identified. Databases of typical properties of various types of biomass were established and a matrix of options for calculating biomass potential, depending on incoming data was delivered.
Synthesis of Liquid Crystals with Bent-Rod Structure: Mesogenic Thiazole Derivatives with Long Alkoxyl Chains

Abstract Liquid-crystalline 2,5-diarylethynylthiazole derivatives with bent-rod structure were prepared by a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. The 2,5-diarylethynylthiazole derivatives prepared in the present study exhibit the smectic A and nematic phases.
Morphologies of ABC triblock copolymer thin films

We apply self-consistent field theory to confined films of symmetric ABC triblock copolymer melts, where the A and C blocks are equal in size and A-B, B-C, and A-C interactions are identical. We focus on the regime where, in bulk systems, B forms the majority domain and the minority A and C domains form cylinders or spheres. We show that the morphologies of confined films may have different symmetries from bulk melts, and the shape and orientation of the minority A and C domains can be manipulated by tuning the wall potentials and film thickness. Our calculations suggest a route for experimentally controlling complex nanometer-scale surface patterning.
Synthese und Kristallstruktur von [WNCl3 · NC–Ph]4 · 3 CH2Cl2

Wolframnitridchlorid-Benzonitril, [WNCl3 · NC–Ph]4, entsteht durch Einwirkung von N,N,N'-tris(trimethylsilyl)benzamidin auf Wolframhexachlorid in CCl4-Losung in Form roter Kristallnadeln, die wir IR-spektroskopisch und durch eine rontgenographische Strukturanalyse charakterisiert haben. Die Verbindung kristallisiert monoklin in der Raumgruppe C2/c mit vier Formeleinheiten pro Elementarzelle (1983 unabhangige, beobachtete Reflexe, R = 7,5%). Die Gitterabmessungen sind bei 19°C: a = 1464,8; b = 1902,6; c = 2033,8 pm; β = 102,27°, Im [WNCl3 · NCPh]4 sind die Wolframatome an den Ecken eines Quadrats angeordnet und uber alternierend lange lineare Nitridobrucken vom Typ WNW mit WN-Abstanden von (im Mittel) 166 bzw. 211 pm verknupft. In trans-Position zu den kurzen WN-Bindungen befinden sich die N-Atome der Benzonitrilliganden mit W–N-Abstanden von 237 pm. Synthesis and Crystal Structure of [WNCl3 · NCPh]4 · 3 CH2Cl2 The adduct of tungsten nitride trichloride with benzonitrile, [WNCl3 · NCPh]4, is formed by the reaction of N,N,N'-tris(trimethylsilyl)benzamidine and tungsten hexachloride in CCl4 solution. It forms red crystal needles and was characterized by its IR spectrum and an X-ray crystal structure determination (1983 unique observed reflexions, R = 0.075). Crystal data: a = 1464.8, b = 1902.6, c = 2033.8 pm, β = 102.27°, space group C2/c, Z = 4. In the [WNCl3 · NCPh]4 molecule the tungsten atoms were located at the vertices of a square and are linked with one another via linear WNW nitrido bridges with alternating short and long bonds having average lengths of 166 and 211 pm. The N atoms of the benzonitrile ligands are in the positions trans to the WN bonds at distances of 237 pm.
Protein folding and amyloid formation in various environments

Title of dissertation: Protein folding and amyloid formation in various environments Edward P. O’Brien, Doctor of Philosophy, 2008 Dissertation directed by: Devarajan Thirumalai Department of Chemistry and Biochemsitry Bernard R. Brooks National Institutes of Health Understanding and predicting the effect of various environments that differ in terms of pH and the presence of cosolutes and macromolecules on protein properties is a formidable challenge. Yet this knowledge is crucial in understanding the effect of cellular environments on a protein. By combining thermodynamic theories of solution condition effects with statistical mechanics and computer simulations we develop a molecular perspective of protein folding and amyloid formation that was previously unobtainable. The resulting Molecular Transfer Model offers, in some instances, quantitatively accurate predictions of cosolute and pH effects on various protein properties. We show that protein denatured state properties can change significantly with osmolyte concentration, and that residual structure can persist at high denaturant concentrations. We study the single molecule mechanical unfolding of proteins at various pH values and varying osmolyte and denaturant concentrations. We find that the the effect of varying solution conditions on a protein under tension can be understood and qualitatively predicted based on knowledge of that protein’s behavior in the absence of force. We test the accuracy of FRET inferred denatured state properties and find that currently, only qualitative estimates of denatured state properties can be obtained with these experimental methods. We also explore the factors governing helix formation in peptides confined to carbon nanotubes. We find that the interplay of the peptide’s sequence and dimensions, the nanotube’s diameter, hydrophobicity and chemical heterogeneity, lead to a rich diversity of behavior in helix formation. We determine the structural and thermodynamic basis for the dock-lock mechanism of peptide deposition to a mature amyloid fibril. We find multiple basins of attraction on the free energy surface associated with structural transitions of the adding monomer. The models we introduce offer a better understanding of protein folding and amyloid formation in various environments and take us closer to understanding and predicting how the complex environment of the cell can effect protein properties. Protein folding and amyloid formation in various environments
Polymer surface structures determined using ToF-SIMS

Abstract This article reviews the recent applications of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry in the determination of surface structures of semicrystralline and amorphous polymer films. Examples given include the determination of end-group distributions on semicrystalline polymer surfaces, lamellar orientation on thin-film surfaces, the structures of the folds of lamellae, the morphologies of polymer blends, the relationship between film stability and the concentration of the end groups, and the structures of thin polymer films.
Phase transformation between diamond and graphite in preparation of diamonds by pulsed-laser induced liquid-solid interface reaction

The phase transformation between diamond and graphite in preparation of diamond by pulsed-laser-induced liquid - solid interface reaction (PLIIR) was studied by calculating the probability of phase transition of the carbon atoms over a potential barrier in the pressure-temperature (P - T) phase diagram of carbon. It is found that the probability of phase transition from graphite to diamond is as high as 10-3-10-4 in the C pressure - temperature region where the pressure and temperature are in the range of 10 GPa to 15 GPa and 4000 K to 5000 K, respectively, in the pressure - temperature phase diagram. The distribution of the probability of the phase transformation from graphite to diamond was obtained in the corresponding pressure-temperature region, in which diamonds are prepared by PLIIR. In addition, the dependence of the probability for the transformation of graphite to diamond on temperature was investigated and found to be in agreement with the Arrhenius rule.
Combinational O-aryl carbamate and benzamide directed ortho metalation reactions. Synthesis of ochratoxin A and ochratoxin B

Syntheses des composes du titre par l'intermediaire des acides (chloro-5) hydroxy-8 methyl-2 isochromannecarboxyliques-7; ces acides sont prepares a partir d'O-[(chloro-4) phenyl] N,N-diethyl carbamates via la transposition par lithiation des N,N-diethyl diethylcarbamoyloxy-2 (chloro-5) benzamides en bis-diethylamides des acides (chloro-5) hydroxy-2 isophtaliques
A multiattribute index for evaluating environmental impacts of electric utilities

Abstract Evaluating the environmental impacts of electric utilities is crucial for informed electrical system planning. This paper presents an approach to constructing an index of environmental impact for an electric utility, based on multiattribute utility theory (MAUT). The paper begins with an overview of decision analysis, the framework in which MAUT is applied. Next, the underlying assumptions and steps needed in constructing an index based on technical and value judgements are outlined. An example of an index is discussed, drawing on interviews and a MAUT elicitation with planners from BC Hydro, a major Canadian electric utility. Potential uses of the index are illustrated and trade-offs between the environmental index and costs are discussed.
Surface Water‐Ground Water Interaction: Herbicide Transport into Municipal Collector Wells

During spring runoff events, herbicides in the Platte River are transported through an alluvial aquifer into collector wells located on an island in the river in 6 to 7 d. During two spring runoff events in 1995 and 1996, atrazine [2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine] concentrations in water from these wells reached approximately 7 μg/L, 70 times more than the background concentration in ground water. Concentrations of herbicides and metabolites in the collector wells generally were one-half to one-fifth the concentrations of herbicides in the river for atrazine, alachlor [2-chloro-2'-6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)-acetanilide], alachlor ethane-sulfonic acid (ESA) [2-((2,6-diethylphenyl) (methoxymethyl)amino)-2-oxoethane-sulfonic acid], metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide], cyanazine [2-((4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5 triazin-2-yl)-amino)-2-methylpropionitrile], and acetochlor [2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-6methyl-phenyl) acetamide], suggesting that 20 to 50% river water could be present in the water from the collector wells, assuming no degradation. The effect of the river on the quality of water from the collector wells can be reduced through selective management of horizontal laterals of the collector wells. The quality of the water from the collector wells is dependent on the (i) selection of the collector well used, (ii) number and selection of laterals used, (iii) chemical characteristics of the contaminant, and (iv) relative mixing of the Platte River and a major upstream tributary.