Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magnetization-Grid Rotating-Frame Imaging Technique for Diffusion and Flow Measurements

A method for NMR imaging of magnetization patterns generated by a preparation radiofrequency pulse is reported. The technique is suitable for the simultaneous spatially and spectroscopically resolved acquisition of diffusion, flow, and spin-lattice relaxation data. The procedure is based on gradients of the RF amplitude B1. A first preparation RF pulse produces a z-magnetization grid. After a certain evolution interval, the grid is imaged by a rotating-frame imaging technique using the same RF coil. Neither rotary nor Hahn echoes are intrinsic to the method. Transverse relaxation in the free-evolution intervals is irrelevant. High-power transmitters in combination with suitable probeheads normally produce RF pulses which are short relative to transverse relaxation in the presence of RF, so that spin-lattice relaxation is the only time-limiting factor. Gradients of the main magnetic field induced by variations of the magnetic susceptibility are uncritical. The proposed "real-space detection" method is compared with stimulated or rotary-echo "wave number encoding" procedures for diffusion experiments. It is shown that the imaging procedure presented not only makes visible the spatial (apart from the spectral) distribution of transport properties which otherwise are concealed in the wave-number encoded signal, but also renders the measuring procedure insensitive to inhomogeneities of the B1 gradient, which needs neither to be constant nor to be uniformly oriented. Extremely inhomogeneous B1 gradient distributions should even make single-scan diffusion experiments feasible. The magnetization-grid rotating-frame imaging procedure can be employed for the two-dimensional measurement and representation of the probability P(z1, 0|z2, t) that a particle is at a position z1 at a time 0 and at a position z2 at a time t.
Decoration of homopolymer vesicles by antibacterial ultrafine silver nanoparticles

Presented in this article is the proof of principle that silver nanoparticles can be decorated on homopolymer vesicles. The homopolymer vesicles are prepared by self-assembly of poly(2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl acrylate) (PEEA) in water/tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent mixture. The –COOH end groups on the surface of the homopolymer vesicle facilitate the growth of ultrafine silver nanoparticles because of the electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged carboxyl group and positively charged Ag+ ions, which were in situ reduced by sodium borohydride (NaBH4). Those silver-decorated PEEA homopolymer vesicles exhibit good antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This strategy may be extended to prepare more economic antibacterial agents and catalysts.
Assessing Decadal Change in Mineral Soil Cation Chemistry at the Turkey Lakes Watershed

Mass balance studies anddirect measurement ofchanges in soilchemistry haveprovidedevidence ofdepletion of base cations in soils across decadal time scales. Losses of base cations have been attributed to leaching as a consequence of elevated levels of S and N deposition. Chemical properties of mineral soil horizons were determined at seven plots in a tolerant hardwood forest at the Turkey Lakes Watershed in 1986 and in 2003 and 2005. Archived soils from the original samplingwere used to assess the impact of storage and changing methodology on results. Exchangeable cation concentrations were compared between the two sampling times, as were concentrations normalized for organic C. The effects of air-dry storage were significant for some cations, but in absolute terms the changes were small when contrasted with the spatial variation in exchangeable cation concentrations for the samples collected in 2003 and 2005. There were no statistically significant declines in pH, exchangeable Ca, Mg, or K concentrations, or Ca, Mg or K concentrations normalized for organic C concentration during the 17- to 19-yr sampling period across the watershed. Exchangeable Na and normalized Na concentrations decreased in deeper horizons of the soil profile. There were various patterns of cation change at the plot level, but these changes were unable to be attributed to the range of soil profile base status at the site. Mineral weathering inputs appeared to provide stability to the exchangeable base cation pool in spite of large leaching losses at the Turkey Lakes site.
A Decentralized Reliability-Enhanced Power Sharing Strategy for PV-Based Microgrids

Microgrid (MG) technologies facilitate reliable, efficient, and economic operation of distributed resources such as photovoltaic and battery storage systems. The well-known droop method controls different sources in an MG to properly share power supply. However, utilizing the droop method poses two major challenges. First, while the droop method can prevent converter overloading, it cannot protect them from overstressing, thus deteriorating system reliability. Second, operating a 100% renewable-based MG requires a supervisory unit to monitor and control energy flow for load-generation balance. However, the supervisory unit relies on communication systems which impacts overall system reliability by being exposed to single-point failures and cyberattacks. This article proposes a decentralized power sharing approach that restricts thermal damage of converter components to avoid over-stressing converters. The main goal is to improve overall system performance and reliability by appropriately sharing active and reactive power among different sources without using communication systems. The simulations and numerical analysis show that the proposed decentralized strategy will properly control the power and energy flow among different sources. Moreover, it prevents over-stressing converters, consequently enhancing the overall reliability of the MG. An experiment is also presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed decentralized control approach.
First-principles study of the mechanisms of the pressure-induced dielectric anomalies in ferroelectric perovskites

The pressure-induced giant dielectric anomaly at 0 K of ABO3 perovskites is investigated at the Hartree-Fock, density-functional theory and hybrid levels. Its mechanism is analyzed in terms of thermodynamic phase stability, structural and phonon contributions and Born effective charges. It is shown that the IR-active soft phonon is responsible for the anomaly. This mode always involves a displacement and a deformation of the oxygen octahedra, while the roles of A and B ions vary among the materials and between high- and low-pressure phase transitions. A sharp increase in the phonon amplitude near the phase transition gives rise to the dielectric anomaly. The use of hybrid functionals is required for agreement with experimental data. The calculations show that the dielectric anomaly in the pressure-induced phase transitions of these perovskites is a property of the bulk material.
Ion heating and density production in helicon sources near the lower hybrid frequency

We report measurements of electron density and perpendicular ion temperatures in an argon helicon plasma for five different rf antennas: a? Nagoya type III antenna, a `Boswell' saddle coil antenna, a 19? cm long m = + 1 helical antenna, a 30? cm long m = + 1 helical antenna, and a 19? cm long m = + 1 helical antenna with narrow straps. The general properties of the source as a function of rf power and neutral pressure are reviewed and detailed measurements of electron density, electron temperature and ion temperature as a function of magnetic field strength and rf frequency are presented. The experimental results clearly indicate that for all antennas, the electron density is maximized when the rf frequency is close to and just above the lower hybrid frequency. The ion temperature is maximized when the rf frequency is less than 70% of the lower hybrid frequency. Ion temperatures in excess of 1? eV for 750? W of input power have been observed. These results suggest that the mechanisms responsible for coupling energy into the ions and electrons are distinct and therefore helicon sources can be configured to maximize electron density without simultaneously maximizing the perpendicular ion temperature. Enhanced ion heating is not a desirable feature of plasma sources intended for use in plasma etching, thus operational regimes that yield high plasma densities without increased ion heating might be of interest to industry.
Facile fabrication of tin-doped hematite photoelectrodes – effect of doping on magnetic properties and performance for light-induced water splitting

We present a new, easily scalable method for the deposition of nanocrystalline hematite photoelectrodes based on the spin-coating of a mixed solution containing tin(II) and iron(III) chlorides followed by thermal treatment. Our facile approach does not require any additional film-forming organic species and allows simple control of the photoelectrochemical performance of the electrode by adjusting the degree of tin doping. When annealed at 650 °C a strong increase in the water oxidation photocurrent is observed with increasing tin concentration. The maximum performance (0.45 mA cm−2 at 1.43 V vs. RHE) was found at the highest possible tin loading (20 : 100, Sn : Fe). The contrasting performance of electrodes annealed at 650 °C and 800 °C suggests different activation processes for dopant diffusion and activation. The doping of tin into the crystal structure of hematite thin films is directly evidenced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and indirectly by changes in the intrinsic magnetic parameters (Morin temperature, Neel temperature) of the hematite films. The magnetization measurements thus represent a potential technique to quantify doping amounts in hematite.
Effect of Different Drying Processes on the Protein Degradation and Sensory Quality of Layú: A Chinese Dry-Curing Grass Carp

Five different drying methods, sun drying, intermittent drying, low-temperature drying at 5°C, low-temperature drying at 15°C, and hot-air drying at 45°C, were comparatively evaluated based on physicochemical properties and sensory properties of dry-cured Layú. Sun drying and intermittent drying Layú showed superior sensory qualities compared with other dried samples. Based on the comprehensive comparison of sensory qualities and safety concerns, intermittent drying Layú was more acceptable compared to other dry-cured Layú and thus was recommended for dry-curing fish products as it could shorten the drying time with relative constant drying rate, increased flavor amino acid content, and fewer safety concerns.
Alignment of Magnetite-Loaded High Aspect Ratio Aerosol Drug Particles with Magnetic Fields

The present note demonstrates magnetic field alignment of high aspect ratio pharmaceutical aerosol particles loaded with magnetite nanoparticles. This alignment is used to reduce the penetration of the particles through polycarbonate membrane filters when a magnetic field is generated parallel to the face of the membrane. Possible application of magnetic field alignment to noninvasively target respiratory tract deposition during aerosol drug delivery is discussed.
Arabic linked drug dataset consolidating and publishing

The paper examines the process of creating and publishing an Arabic Linked Drug Dataset based on open drug datasets from selected Arabic countries and discusses quality issues considered in the linked data lifecycle when establishing a semantic Data Lake in the pharmaceutical domain. Through representation of the data in an open machine-readable format, the approach provides an optimum solution for information and dissemination of data and for building specialized applications. Authors contribute to opening the drug datasets from Arabic countries, interlinking the data with diverse repositories such as DrugBank, and DBpedia, and publishing it in a standard open manner that allows further integration and building different business services on top of the integrated data. This paper showcases how drug industry can take full advantage of the emerging trends for building competitive advantages. However, as is elaborated in this paper, better understanding of the specifics of the Arabic language is needed in order to extend the usage of linked data technologies in Arabic companies.
Task-Driven Data Offloading for Fog-Enabled Urban IoT Services

Past years have witnessed the rapid increasing number of smart devices and objects deployed in the urban environment. Leveraging helpful data generated by hundreds of millions of smart objects, a large number of services in the Internet of Things (IoT) are devised and developed to improve our urban life quality. However, uploading the unprecedented volume of sensing data from IoT sensors to the cloud directly can lead to huge unnecessary consumption and hurt the quality of IoT services. This work leverages the fog architecture to devise a task-driven data offloading (TDO) algorithm in urban IoT services. Specifically, a three-layer urban IoT service architecture is proposed, and the TDO process is formulated as a combination optimization problem taking task deadlines and abilities of fog devices into consideration. Then, we prove the TDO problem is NP-hard, and the G-TDO algorithm is devised to solve it with a careful designed utility function. Also, we propose RG-TDO algorithm to improve the G-TDO algorithm considering the overlaps of tasks. Finally, we demonstrate the significant performance of the proposed algorithms with extensive evaluations based on real-world data set.
Some rheological properties of water-soluble hydroxypropylcellulose†

Water-soluble hydroxypropylcellulose having a hydroxypropyl molecular substitution (MS) of approximately 4.0 is a thermoplastic which may be fabricated in conventional plastic-forming equipment. Its high-temperature rheological properties have been measured over a wide range of temperatures, shear rates, frequencies, and diluent concentrations, by using the Weissenberg rheogoniometer. The rheological behavior of such hydroxypropylcelluloses is quite different from that of a nonpolar thermoplastic. This behavior may be interpreted in terms of two types of supermolecular structure: a crystalline phase which persists up to at least 215°C (as established by x-ray examination), which is dispersed in an amorphous but highly hydrogen bonded matrix of stiff molecules.
The Relationship between Leadership and Accountability: A Review and Synthesis of the Research

Accountability is an essential element in all societies and to the organizations that inhabit this world. Corporate scandals have been linked to failures in accountability and business leaders are now, more than ever, challenged to be accountable. Leadership can also be understood as a response to transparency and accountability issues that are an important concern in the area of public administration. In substance, leadership and accountability are both attributional phenomena. We conducted a bibliometric review using an integrative synthesis of published peer- reviewed literature on leadership and accountability. Our search in the Web of Science databases identified 37 articles on this topic in several research areas. We used a literature review with bibliometric methods of citation analysis, co-citation analysis, co-author analysis, and co-word analysis. We concluded that despite evidence linking the adoption of a relationship between leadership and accountability, adoption is very low, particularly in the field of business and economics, and therefore, evidence on this topic is sparse. This study intends to contribute to a more complete reflection and understanding of literature review, impact and relevance of accountability in organizational leadership.
The Mediating Impact of High Level of Innovation among the Knowledge and Training of the Employees in SMEs of Thailand

The goals linked with this article is to examine the role of knowledge management policies, knowledge acquisition and employee training on the business performance of the employee of SMEs in Thailand. The goals also include the inspection of the mediating role of high-level innovation among the links of knowledge management policies and business performance, knowledge acquisition, and business performance and, employee training and business performance. The innovation related employees of SMEs in Thailand are the respondents and data were gathered from them by using the questionnaires and PLS-SEM was used to check the hypotheses. The findings exposed that knowledge management policies, knowledge acquisition, and employee training have positive nexus with business performance. The results also show that the high level of innovation positively mediates among the links of knowledge management policies and business performance, knowledge acquisition, and business performance and, employee training and business performance. These findings give the help to the new researchers in this area and also provide the guidelines to the regulation-making authorities that they must prepare the regulations to enhance the employees' interest in the adoption of nee innovation in the organization.
Digital Technology: Innovation for Malnutrition Prevention among Bedridden Elderly Patients Receiving Home-Based Palliative Care

In this innovative development design study, we aimed at examining the effects of digital technology in its use as a mobile nutrition application on the nutritional status and calorie intake for 60 Thai bedridden elderly patients receiving home-based palliative care. The elderly bedridden patients were randomized into two groups, a control group receiving routine care and an experimental group using the anti-malnutrition application. The data from a personal information record, the assessment form for body mass index, calorie intake calculation form and the record form for blood albumin levels were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test. The results showed that the calorie intake, blood albumin levels, and body mass index of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (p <.05). The results suggest that this application could solve the malnutrition problem in elderly bedridden patients and significantly enhance their caregivers' satisfaction. This mobile application for appropriate nutrition and calorie intake calculations can be used as a significant practical, effective health-associated innovation that promotes patients' nutritional status. It facilitates the monitoring of patients' nutritional status. It also provides caregivers with the knowledge and understanding they need to improve the home-based palliative care of the elderly bedridden patients, especially in the health crisis of the COVID-19 era. Keywords: Digital technology, Elderly, Home-based Palliative care, Pressure ulcer, COVID-19 era.
Light Emission from Organic Molecules on Metal Substrates Induced by Tunneling Currents

Tunneling currents in a scanning tunneling microscope were used to induce light emission by positioning either a gold-coated W tip on the surface of a porphyrin molecular monolayer on Cu(100) or a pure W tip on the surface of a perinone derivative monolayer on Au(100). The emission spectra from the surfaces of both molecules are dominated by the plasmon-mediated emission from substrates. Molecular fluorescence is completely quenched by the metal substrate. The organic molecules act as a spacer to modify the tip-induced plasmon modes, enhance the intensity of the plasmon-mediated emission, and cause blue shift of the spectra.
Deep Learning-Based Real-Time Switching of Hybrid AC/DC Transmission Networks

In this article, a new deep learning-based framework is developed to perform real-time switching of hybrid AC/DC transmission grids under the effect of dynamic line rating (DLR) constraint. The proposed deep learning model is designed to learn the topological patterns of buses/lines according to operational states, e.g., power injections and line impedances, in order to obtain the optimal switchings of transmission power grids. As the load and power generation vary with time, the network switching depends on both the current and the previous status of the load and the generation units. Thus, a deep learning-based time series model that integrates the gated recurrent unit (GRU) and the long short-term memory (LSTM) models is developed, which takes advantage of LSTM’s high accuracy and GRU’s high computational efficiency. The developed learning-based network switching framework is tested on a modified hybrid AC/DC IEEE 39-bus system, a modified hybrid AC/DC 118-bus test system, and a modified hybrid AC/DC 300-bus test system. Results show that the learning-based switching model can achieve both high accuracy and computational efficiency, which is suitable for real-time transmission network switching.
Small Signal Modeling and Control Loop Design of Critical Conduction Mode Active Clamp Flyback Converter

Critical conduction mode (CrCM) active clamp flyback (ACF) converter is regarded as a good candidate to be applied in high-frequency small power supplies. This article focuses on the modeling, analysis, and controller design of CrCM-ACF converter. The small signal model of the converter is derived based on a zero-input resonant equivalent circuit and extended describing function (EDF) method for the first time, then the obtained full-order model is simplified to a low-order model. This procedure establishes an insightful understanding about the effects of the converter parameters and working conditions. Based on the simplified model, a control loop compensator is designed in a single-loop voltage-feedback control scheme for high dynamic performance. An experimental prototype of digital controlled CrCM-ACF converter is built, the accuracy of the derived model is verified by comparing with experimental and simulation results. The performance of the compensator is experimentally evaluated by applying abrupt load current and reference voltage changes in the operating conditions of the converter. From the experimental results, it is demonstrated that the derived analytical model and designed compensator are effective in regulating the output voltage in CrCM-ACF converter.
Kinetic study of copper precipitates under VVER-type reactor conditions

The copper-rich cluster evolution in the neutron-irradiated VVER steels is investigated beginning at the nucleation stage. For this, typical VVER-type reactor conditions are considered. The cluster dynamics approach is used for calculation of the density distribution of copper precipitates related to the number of Cu-atoms or radius, mean radius, volume content, number density of precipitates and the concentration of free Cu-atoms in dependence on the irradiation time. The results for time of one year are compared with the results of small angle neutron scattering experiments which were carried out on specimens irradiated at the surveillance positions of VVER reactors. It has revealed the intermediate type of the evolution kinetics between diffusion and interfacial kinetics limited regimes. The duration of the nucleation and deterministic stages is estimated. The coarsening stage does not occur.