Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative validation of functional magnetic resonance imaging and cortical reorganization patterns in patients with brain tumors involving the primary motor cortex.

OBJECT The purpose of the present study was to compare the results of functional magnetic resonance (fMR) imaging with those of intraoperative cortical stimulation in patients who harbored tumors close to or involving the primary motor area and to assess the usefulness of fMR imaging in the objective evaluation of motor function as part of the surgical strategy in the treatment of these patients. METHODS A total of 11 consecutive patients, whose tumors were close to or involving the central region, underwent presurgical blood oxygen level-dependent fMR imaging while performing a motor paradigm that required them to clench and spread their hands contra- and ipsilateral to the tumor. Statistical cross-correlation functional maps covering the primary and secondary motor cortical areas were generated and overlaid onto high-resolution anatomical MR images. Intraoperative electrical cortical stimulation was performed to validate the presurgical fMR imaging findings. In nine (82%) of 11 patients, the anatomical fMR imaging localization of motor areas could be verified by intraoperative electrical cortical stimulation. In seven patients two or more activation sites were demonstrated on fMR imaging, which were considered a consequence of reorganization phenomena of the motor cortex: contralateral primary motor area (nine patients), contralateral premotor area (four patients), ipsilateral primary motor area (two patients), and ipsilateral premotor area (four patients). CONCLUSIONS Functional MR imaging can be used to perform objective evaluation of motor function and surgical planning in patients who harbor lesions near or involving the primary motor cortex. Correlation between fMR imaging findings and the results of direct electrical brain stimulation is high, although not 100%. Based on their study, the authors believe that cortical reorganization patterns of motor areas might explain the differences in motor function and the diversity of postoperative motor function among patients with central tumors.
Effect of service platform on innovation trajectories of value network players: The case of Japanese mobile internet services

This paper contributes to the research on the effect of platform and value network towards the trajectories of service innovation in the case of Japanese mobile internet services. Mobile communication has connected to Internet in 1999. The mixed players have involved different industries. Many platforms have been established and helped to expand the total value of the services. Product innovation of handset has also happened concurrently. The objective of this paper is to discover the potential cause of the Japanese players losing competitiveness. A platform is often deployed with intentions of value network owner or/and players to maximize of the total value of the network. In previous studies, a series of innovation brought competitive elements in products, organizations, processes and industry. Despite the experiences, the players of Japanese mobile service industry have not yet obtained world class competitiveness. We used the methodology of Value Network Analysis. At first, the players are defined and value network mapping is done to understand the exchange mechanism of tangible and intangible assets. Also the role of each player and other industries' cultures which are brought to the value network are identified. Then we discuss and analyse how and which platform innovation merits did not emerge because of NTT Docomo's role in managing the suppliers of handsets.
Candida Isolated From Vaginal Mucosa of Mothers and Oral Mucosa of Neonates: Occurrence and Biotypes Concordance

Background: The common occurrence of Candida spp. on the vaginal mucosa of pregnant women suggests this as the source of neonatal candidiasis. Methods: This study investigated the occurrence of yeasts on the vaginal mucosa of 100 mothers at the time of birth, and on the oral mucosa of their respective neonates, all full-term, on the 1st, 3rd, and 9th days after birth by vaginal (72 cases) and cesarean (28 cases) routes. In each case where concordance at the level of species was found between the isolate from the mother and that from the neonate, tests were made to check for concordance between the genotypic and phenotypic profiles (susceptibility to killer toxins, serotyping, proteinase and phospholipase production, and susceptibility to antifungal agents). Results: For the vaginal-route group, yeasts were recovered from the vaginal mucosa of 47.2% of the mothers and from 25% of the neonates. For the cesarean-route group, these rates were 46.4% and 3.6%, respectively. Species found most frequently in the samples from the mothers and the neonates were, respectively C. albicans and C. guilliermondii. For the vaginal-route group, the rate of mother/neonate concordance at the level of species was 23.5% and no cases of concordance for the cesarean births. Of these cases with species concordance, there was concordance between the genotypic and phenotypic profiles in 6% (2 cases). Conclusion: The vaginal mucosa was not the main route of transmission of the Candida species to the neonate, because there was concordance between the genotypic and phenotypic profiles in only 6% (2 cases).
Rasch Analysis of US Household Food Security Survey Module in Latino Migrant Farmworkers

This secondary analysis evaluated the validation of the short version of the US Department of Agriculture's Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) in a Latino migrant population. The Rasch model assessed the HFSSM's structure, item severity levels, and fitness of the sample population. Differential item functioning (DIF) analysis explored the invariance of HFSSM response patterns between less/more acculturated households. Item infit scores were within an adequate range (0.7–1.3). Item severity scores and unidimensionality structure supported the HFSSM's theoretical framework. Analysis showed statistically nonsignificant DIF contrast between acculturation levels. The adapted HFSSM performed in agreement with the theoretical framework of food insecurity as a managed process in this Latino migrant population.
Utilizing Innovative Techniques to Improve Email Security

— This paper proposes a technique to protect against email bombing. The technique employs a statistical approach, Naïve Bayes (NB), and Neural Networks to show that it is possible to differentiate between good and bad traffic to protect against email bombing attacks. Neural networks and Naïve Bayes can be trained by utilizing many email messages that include both input and output data for legitimate and non-legitimate emails. The input to the model includes the contents of the body of the messages, the subject, and the headers. This information will be used to determine if the email is normal or an attack email. Preliminary tests suggest that Naïve Bayes can be trained to produce an accurate response to confirm which email represents an attack.
CRYSTAL STRUCTURES AND MINERAL CHEMISTRY OF DOUBLE-SALT HYDRATES : I . DIRECT DETERMINATION OF THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF TAMARUGITE

The structure of tamarugite, NaAI(SOa)r.6HzO, has been solved by reiterative application of sayre's equation using three-dimensional photographic and counter data. The final R value is 7.3 percent (hydrogens included). The coordination polyhedra of sodium and sulphur are joined to form infinite chains parallel to r. The perfect (010) cleavage traverses only weak hydrogen bonds. The mean distances are: Na-O:2.415 A, Al-Ow:1.8$ A, S-O: 1.488 A, and Ow-O : 2.65 A. The A1(H2O)6 octahedron and the two independent SOa tetrahedra are regular but the Nao6 group deviates considerably from a regular octahedron
Design and Analysis of Genetic Association Studies to Finely Map a Locus Identified by Linkage Analysis: Assessment of the Extent to Which an Association Can Account for the Linkage

Association studies are often used to finely map quantitative trait loci identified by linkage analysis. Once a polymorphism associated with the trait has been identified, it may be useful to conduct linkage analyses which adjust for this polymorphism to determine the extent to which the association accounts for the linkage signal. However, methods for conducting statistical significance tests for an observed reduction in the linkage signal are not well developed. In the present study we develop methods for assessment of the statistical significance of an observed reduction in the variance due to the linked locus, with variance components or with Haseman‐Elston linkage methods. Simulations indicate that these methods have appropriate levels of type I error and that, like other association statistics, their power depends on the magnitude of linkage disequilibrium between functional and marker alleles and on the extent of similarity between the frequency of the functional allele and the frequency of the associated marker allele. These methods can help determine which association results are likely due to strong linkage disequilibrium with functional alleles and, thus, can facilitate the selection of small chromosomal regions for more extensive study.
Supplemental Materials for “ Spatial Model for Risk Prediction and Sub-National Prioritization to Aid Poliovirus

The expected rate of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is 1 in 100,000 children under 5 years of age, thus the sample sizes from each district in a six-month period can be quite small, and range from 0 to 76 in our observation period. Figure 1 shows the in large variability in the observed rate of zero RI dose fraction over time in the Khyber and Quetta districts of Pakistan. It is demographically implausible that the true zero RI dose fraction could vary by as much as 40% in a six-month time period. Thus, instead of including the observed under immunized fractions and zero routine immunization fractions in our models we used a space-time smoothing model to estimate an underlying rate from which these observations were drawn
Do male and female patients with chronic neck pain really have different health‐related physical fitness, depression, anxiety and quality of life parameters?

The purpose of this study was to investigate whole body physical fitness parameters such as maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max), muscle strength, trunk flexibility, daily physical activity, pulmonary function, body composition, anxiety and depression, as well as other disease‐related changes in patients with chronic neck pain (CNP), and to compare them with healthy controls.
Cigarette smoking as an expression of independence and freedom among inmates in a tobacco-free prison in the United States.

INTRODUCTION Most adults report initiation of cigarette smoking during adolescence, a time also marked by developmental striving for independence and freedom. Tobacco use may retain its association with independence and/or freedom into adulthood. This association may contribute to continued tobacco use and/or increased risk of relapse to smoking among some individuals. This study examines the relationship between cigarette smoking and perceptions of independence and freedom among inmates in a tobacco-free prison in the northeastern United States. METHODS Questionnaires administered to 247 male and female inmates 6 weeks prior to scheduled prison release assessed demographics, smoking history, nicotine dependence, attitudes toward smoking, and plans for tobacco use or abstinence after prison release. Perceptions of smoking as an expression of independence and freedom were measured using 2 items. Smoking was assessed 3 weeks postrelease. RESULTS Constructs of freedom and independence were correlated but did not overlap completely. Both constructs were negatively associated with plans for smoking abstinence after prison release, and with perceived costs of continued smoking. Number of cigarettes smoked postrelease and perception of the pros of smoking were associated with freedom, but not independence. CONCLUSIONS Associations of smoking as an expression of freedom and independence may negatively influence plans for renewed smoking after a forced abstinence. Additional research is needed to determine the degree to which these 2 constructs predict smoking behavior and whether they can be used to improve interventions for incarcerated smokers.
A Framework for Synchronization Between Feature Configurations and Use Cases Based on Bidirectional Programming

Model-Driven Development (MDD) is a widely adopted approach to Requirement Engineering (RE). One basic research issue in Model-Driven Requirement Engineering (MoDRE) is requirements validation, which focuses on how to validate whether the requirements models meet stakeholders' needs or not. % Several lines of work have been performed on the transformation between feature configurations, which are responsible for specifying a software in feature-oriented approach, and use cases, which are easy to understand and often used to describe system behaviors to stakeholders. % However, most of the existing automated derivation methods about feature configurations and use cases are either in one direction or the other. Therefore, after validating the use cases, the adjustment made by stakeholders cannot be traced back to feature configurations automatically. % In this paper, we focus on synchronization between these two vital software artifacts. And we propose a framework that uses putback-based bidirectional programming to guarantee the correctness of this synchronization.
Sustained low rotavirus activity and hospitalisation rates in the post-vaccination era in Belgium, 2007 to 2014.

In 2006, Belgium was the first country in the European Union to recommend rotavirus vaccination in the routine infant vaccination schedule and rapidly achieved high vaccine uptake (86-89% in 2007). We used regional and national data sources up to 7 years post-vaccination to study the impact of vaccination on laboratory-confirmed rotavirus cases and rotavirus-related hospitalisations and deaths. We showed that (i) from 2007 until 2013, vaccination coverage remained at 79-88% for a complete course, (ii) in children 0-2 years, rotavirus cases decreased by 79% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 68--89%) in 2008-2014 compared to the pre-vaccination period (1999--2006) and by 50% (95% CI: 14-82%) in the age group ≥ 10 years, (iii) hospitalisations for rotavirus gastroenteritis decreased by 87% (95% CI: 84-90%) in 2008--2012 compared to the pre-vaccination period (2002--2006), (iv) median age of rotavirus cases increased from 12 months to 17 months and (v) the rotavirus seasonal peak was reduced and delayed in all post-vaccination years. The substantial decline in rotavirus gastroenteritis requiring hospitalisations and in rotavirus activity following introduction of rotavirus vaccination is sustained over time and more pronounced in the target age group, but with evidence of herd immunity.
Contact resistance reduction to FinFET source/drain using dielectric dipole mitigated Schottky barrier height tuning

We demonstrate for the first time contact resistance reduction using dielectric dipole mitigated Schottky barrier height (SBH) tuning on a FinFET source/drain. Different techniques for forming a SiO<inf>2</inf>/AlO<inf>x</inf> dipole layer are investigated using diodes. FinFETs, with contacts containing a SBH tuning dipole layer, are also presented. Reduction of the SBH by 100meV from the AlO<inf>x</inf>/SiO<inf>2</inf> dipole results in a 10Ω-µm<sup>2</sup> reduction in specific contact resistivity (ρ<inf>CO</inf>) and a 100Ω-µm reduction in FinFET source/drain resistance (R<inf>S/D</inf>). Larger reductions of ρ<inf>CO</inf> should be possible if chemically formed or atomic-layer deposited SiO<inf>2</inf> is used in the dipole layer instead of interfacial SiO<inf>2</inf> due to the larger SBH reduction (ΔSBH ∼300meV) obtained from these oxidation methods. Contact formation without the need for silicide makes this technique very promising for emerging devices, alternative channel materials, and sub-22nm CMOSFETS.
A quasi-metric computational model from modular functions on monoids

Domain Theory has a wide range of applications to model computational processes where the information about the final stage is increased successively in each passage of the process. Two distinguished examples of domains are the so-called domain of words and the interval domain. Both can be structured as monoids with a property of left cancellativity on the non-left-absorbing elements. Motivated by these two models we present a general method for generating a weightable quasi-metric from ϵ -modular functions on certain monoids. Such a quasi-metric structure captures, in a unified approach, the main properties of the two mentioned domains.
Evaluation of a Spherical PML for Vector FEM Applications

The implementation and evaluation of a spherical perfectly matched layer (PML) within a Cartesian finite element method context using standard curl-conforming elements is presented in this paper. Results are compared to the long-standing 1st order absorbing boundary condition (ABC) and a new, rigorous implementation of a 2nd order ABC for curl-conforming elements. The 4 and 8 layer spherical PMLs are shown to offer very attractive levels of absorption, with reflections on the order of -60 to -70dB demonstrated. Numerical tests show that the guidelines for Cartesian PML absorbers, in terms of maximum conductivity, also carry over to the spherical PML. The 2nd order ABC is also shown to offer very good performance. Finally, coding issues for both the spherical PML and the analytical ABCs are briefly addressed
Automatic root selection for the unknown thru algorithm

This paper presents a method for automatic root selection in the unknown thru algorithm. The described method can be used for any thru standard that has a simple phase expression. Examples for coaxial, waveguide and waveguide to coaxial adapters are discussed. The paper also includes equations for converting the resulting 7-term error model to the 12-term model commonly used in network analyzers. And also how to combine these steps into a simple algorithm that utilizes as much as possible of the VNA firmware for computations.
Rotational nanorobotic manipulation system with increment alignment method for multi-directional defect characterization inside SEM

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) has been widely used for characterization and manipulation in micro/nano field. However, existing SEMs can only provide images for samples from one single direction. This limitation sometimes would lead to misleading results. In order to provide multidirectional SEM imaging, a nanorobotic manipulation system with a rotation robot is designed and integrated with SEM. During the robot's rotation, samples fixed on the robot can be viewed by SEM from multi-direction, instead of one direction. The rotation robot is able to rotate 360° along one rotation axis. To facilitate the multidirectional imaging, an automatic alignment method is put forward. This automatic alignment is to align samples to the rotation robot's rotation axis, so that during rotation, samples wouldn't move out of SEM's field of view (FOV). Alignment results are given to justify the proposed alignment method. Magnetic wires have been observed from multi-direction to demonstrate the nanorobotic manipulation system's potential application in micro/nano defect study.
Parvalbumin in Human Brain

Abstract: Parvalbumin was isolated from human cerebral cortex and biceps and triceps muscles by HPLC. The immunological properties of the human protein and the mobility in two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gels were similar to that of parvalbumin isolated from the muscles of rat, mouse, rabbit, and chicken. The tryptic peptide maps of the human parvalbumin, however, differed considerably from all other parvalbumins, indicating a distinct primary structure. The immunolabeled cells in the hippocampus of the human brain were of different sizes and forms; they occurred in all subfields and probably represent interneurons.
Phenotypic Flexibility of Body Composition in Relation to Migratory State, Age, and Sex in the Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri)

We investigated the flexibility of body composition in relation to seasonally variable demands for endurance flight capacity and hyperphagia in a migratory shorebird. Migrating western sandpipers were sampled in spring and fall while refueling at a north temperate stopover and were compared with nonmigrating birds captured at a tropical wintering area in Panama. Sandpipers weighed 25% more at stopover, and nearly 40% of migratory mass increase consisted of lean body components. Most organs and flight muscles were 10%–100% larger during migration, and the greatest relative size increases occurred in the digestive system (including liver). Birds preparing to initiate spring migration from Panama deposited only fat, suggesting that changes in lean body components take place after migration has begun, possibly through training effects. Sex did not influence body composition. Juveniles making their first southward migration were similar to adults in structural size and body mass but had substantially enlarged alimentary tracts. Sandpipers appeared to deposit lean mass during stopover in fall but not in spring. The dramatic enlargement of the digestive system in this small species that makes short flights and fuels frequently contrasts with the reduction of digestive components in larger species that fuel only once or twice by making one or two very long flights to their destination.
21 Conjugated Polymers for Organic Solar Cells

Energy shortage has become a worldwide issue in the 21st century (Lior, 2008). The urge to look for renewable energy to replace fossil fuel has driven substantial research effort into the energy sector (Hottel, 1989). The solar energy has enormous potential to take the place due to its vast energy stock and availability worldwide (Balzani et al., 2008). Conventional solar energy conversion device is based on silicon technology. However, wide use of silicon based solar cell technology is limited by its high power conversion cost (Wöhrle & Meissner, 1991). To address this issue, solution-processing based organic solar cell has been developed to replace Si-solar cell (Tang, 1986). Compared with conventional Si-based solar cell, conjugated polymer based solar cell (PSC) has several important advantages: 1) solution processability by spin-coating, ink-jet printing and roll-to-roll processing to reduce manufacturing cost; 2) tunable physical properties; and 3) mechanical flexibility for PSC application on curved surfaces (Sariciftci, 2004). During the last decade, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic based solar cell has increased from ca. 1% (Tang, 1986) to more than 7% (H. –Y. Chen et al., 2009) with the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) concept being developed and applied. During the pursuit of high efficiency, the importance of the structure-property relationship of the conjugated polymer used in the solar cell has been disclosed (J. Chen & Cao, 2009). It might be helpful to systematically summarize this structure-property relationship to guide polymer design and further improvement of the power conversion efficiency of PSCs in the future. This chapter will be organized as follows. Firstly, we will discuss about the general criteria for a conjugated polymer to behave as an efficient sunlight absorbing agent. Secondly, we will summarize the properties of common monomer building blocks involved for construction of solar cell polymers. Only representative polymers based on the common building blocks will be discussed due to the space limit. More quality reviews and texts are directed to interested readers (C. Li, 2010; Günes et al., 2007; Sun & Sariciftci, 2005; Cheng et al., 2009).