Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nurse-led medicines’ monitoring in care homes study protocol: a process evaluation of the impact and sustainability of the adverse drug reaction (ADRe) profile for mental health medicines

Introduction Improved medicines’ management could lead to real and sustainable improvements to the care of older adults. The overuse of mental health medicines has featured in many reports, and insufficient patient monitoring has been identified as an important cause of medicine-related harms. Nurse-led monitoring using the structured adverse drug reaction (ADRe) profile identifies and addresses the adverse effects of mental health medicines. Our study investigates clinical impact and what is needed to sustain utilisation in routine practice in care homes. Methods and analysis This process evaluation will use interviews and observations with the participants of all five homes involved in earlier research, and five newly recruited homes caring for people prescribed mental health medicines. The ADRe profile is implemented by nurses, within existing resources, to check for signs and symptoms of ADRs, initiate amelioration and share findings with pharmacists and prescribers for medication review. Outcome measures are the numbers and nature of problems addressed and understanding of changes needed to optimise clinical gain and sustain implementation. Data will be collected by 30 observations and 30 semistructured interviews. Clinical gains will be described and narrated. Interview analysis will be based on the constant comparative method. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval was conferred by the National Health Service Wales Research Ethics Committee. If the ADRe profile can be sustained in routine practice, it has potential to (1) improve the lives of patients, for example, by reducing pain and sedation, and (2) assist in early identification of problems caused by ADRs. Therefore, in addition to peer-reviewed publications and conferences, we shall communicate our findings to healthcare professionals, policy-makers and sector regulators. Trial registration number NCT03110471.
Novel finding of caveolin‐2 in apical membranes of proximal tubule and first detection of caveolin‐2 in urine: A promising biomarker of renal disease

Caveolin‐2 (Cav‐2) is expressed in a variety of cell tissue, and it has also been found in renal tissue. The expression of Cav‐2 in proximal tubules is still unclear. The aim of this study was to carry out a complete evaluation of the expression pattern of Cav‐2 in rat renal cortex to clarify and deepen the knowledge about the localization of Cav‐2 in the proximal tubules and also to evaluate its presence in urine. Male Wistar rats were used to assess Cav‐2 expression by Western blot analysis in homogenates, apical, and basolateral membranes from kidney cortex, in lysates and total plasma membranes from renal cortical cell suspensions, in urine, and in urinary exosomes. Cav‐2 was clearly expressed in renal cortex homogenates and in both apical and basolateral membranes isolated from kidney cortex, with a greater expression on the former membranes. It was also observed in lysates and in plasma membranes from cortical cell suspensions. Moreover, Cav‐2 was found in urine and in its exosomal fraction. These results confirmed the presence of Cav‐2 in proximal tubule cells in the kidney of healthy rats, and showed for the first time its expression at the apical membrane of these cells and in urine. Besides, urinary exosomal pathway could be involved in Cav‐2 urinary excretion under normal conditions. We observed an increase in the urinary abundance of Cav‐2 in two models of acute kidney injury, and thus we proposed the urinary excretion of Cav‐2 as a potential biomarker of kidney injury.
Identification of a novel biomarker in tangeretin-induced cell death in AGS human gastric cancer cells

Proteomic analysis serves as an important biological tool for identifying biological events. Novel biomarkers of a specific disease such as cancer may be identified using these promising techniques. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of tangeretin and to identify potential biomarkers in AGS gastric cancer cells using a proteomics approach. The results of the present study revealed that tangeretin inhibited AGS cell viability dose-dependently with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 100 µM. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was performed to determine the potential biomarker between control and tangeretin (100 µM)-treated AGS cells. A total of 16 proteins was identified from 36 significant protein spots using matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight-mass spectrometry using peptide fingerprinting. The bioinformatics tools Protein ANalysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships (PANTHER) and Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) were used to identify the functional properties and association of the proteins obtained. Using western blot analysis, the regulatory pattern of four selected proteins, protein kinase Cε, mitogen-activated protein kinase 4, phosphoinositide 4-kinase and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 14, were successfully verified in replicate sample sets. These selected proteins are primarily involved in apoptosis signaling, angiogenesis, cell cycle regulation, receptor kinase binding, intracellular cytoplasmic and nuclear alterations. Therefore, aim of the present study was to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers from the functional categories of altered protein expression in tangeretin-inhibited AGS gastric cancer cell viability.
Serum markers and development of delayed neuropsychological sequelae after acute carbon monoxide poisoning: anion gap, lactate, osmolarity, S100B protein, and interleukin-6

Objective Reliable biomarkers of delayed neuropsychological sequelae (DNS) after acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning are lacking. This study investigated the associations between potential serum markers and the development of DNS after acute CO poisoning. Methods Retrospective chart reviews were conducted for patients diagnosed with acute CO poisoning during a 28-month period. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of having developed DNS. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify predictors of DNS after CO poisoning. Results Of a total of 102 patients, 10 (9.8%) developed DNS. The levels of serum osmolarity, S100B protein, and serum lactate, as well as serum anion gap, were statistically significant in univariate analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that anion gap (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11 to 1.88), serum lactate level (AOR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.26 to 2.75), and serum S100B protein level ([AOR, 7.02×105; 95% CI, 4.56×102 to 9.00×1010] in model 1, [AOR, 3.69×105; 95% CI, 2.49×102 to 2.71×1011] in model 2) were independently associated with DNS development. Conclusion Based on our preliminary results, serum lactate level, serum anion gap, and serum S100B protein level in the emergency department could be informative predictors of DNS development in patients with acute CO poisoning. These markers might have the potential to improve early recognition of DNS in patients with acute CO poisoning.
Differential effects of biological invasions on coastal blue carbon: A global review and meta‐analysis

Human‐caused shifts in carbon (C) cycling and biotic exchange are defining characteristics of the Anthropocene. In marine systems, saltmarsh, seagrass, and mangrove habitats—collectively known as “blue carbon” and coastal vegetated habitats (CVHs)—are a leading sequester of global C and increasingly impacted by exotic species invasions. There is growing interest in the effect of invasion by a diverse pool of exotic species on C storage and the implications for ecosystem‐based management of these systems. In a global meta‐analysis, we synthesized data from 104 papers that provided 345 comparisons of habitat‐level response (plant and soil C storage) from paired invaded and uninvaded sites. We found an overall net effect of significantly higher C pools in invaded CVHs amounting to 40% (±16%) higher C storage than uninvaded habitat, but effects differed among types of invaders. Elevated C storage was driven by blue C‐forming plant invaders (saltmarsh grasses, seagrasses, and mangrove trees) that intensify biomass per unit area, extend and elevate coastal wetlands, and convert coastal mudflats into C‐rich vegetated habitat. Introduced animal and structurally distinct primary producers had significant negative effects on C pools, driven by herbivory, trampling, and native species displacement. The role of invasion manifested differently among habitat types, with significant C storage increases in saltmarshes, decreases in seagrass, and no significant effect in mangroves. There were also counter‐directional effects by the same species in different systems or locations, which underscores the importance of combining data mining with analyses of mean effect sizes in meta‐analyses. Our study provides a quantitative basis for understanding differential effects of invasion on blue C habitats and will inform conservation strategies that need to balance management decisions involving invasion, C storage, and a range of other marine biodiversity and habitat functions in these coastal systems.
Reducing falls among people living with dementia: A systematic review

Background People diagnosed with dementia are at greater risk of falls. Given the increasing incidence of dementia globally, high quality and methodologically rigorous research is needed to inform evidence-based practice initiatives. Aims To describe the published literature related to describing, reducing or preventing fall incidences for people living with dementia including: (1) trends in the total number of intervention and non-intervention studies between 1997 and 2016; (2) the methodological quality of identified intervention studies; and (3) the effectiveness of interventions designed to reduce the incidence of falls among people living with dementia. Methods A systematic review of five databases was conducted to identify studies reporting any aspect of falls incidence for people with a diagnosis of dementia. Studies meeting the eligibility criteria were coded as intervention or non-intervention studies. Intervention studies were assessed using Cochrane’s Effective Practice and Organisation of Care tool. Data about the effectiveness of interventions meeting Effective Practice and Organisation of Care criteria were extracted. Results Seventy-two eligible studies were identified; 57 were non-intervention studies, and 15 were intervention studies. The number of published studies increased between 1997 and 2016, peaking in 2013 (n = 10). Of the 15 intervention studies, seven studies met Effective Practice and Organisation of Care design criteria with one study rated low risk on all eight Effective Practice and Organisation of Care risk of bias domains. One high-risk exercise-based intervention study demonstrated a significant reduction in falls among people living with dementia. Conclusions There is currently insufficient evidence to endorse any intervention to reduce falls for people living with dementia in any setting. More high-quality intervention studies are needed.
Enhanced Intestinal Permeation of Doxorubicin Using Chitosan Nanoparticles

Purpose: Due to limited oral bioavailability of doxorubicin (Dox) many efforts during the last decades focused on the development of novel delivery systems to overcome these limitations. In the present study, Dox encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles were prepared to evaluate the intestinal permeation of Dox via oral administration. Methods: Nanoparticles were fabricated based on ionic gelation method using tripolyphosphate. Some physicochemical properties, such as nanoparticle size and morphology, loading efficiency and in vitro drug release in 3 different pH values (5.0, 6.8 & 7.4) were evaluated. Intestinal permeations of free Dox and Dox loaded in nanoparticles were assessed using rat intestinal sac model. Results: The nanoparticles were spherical shape with average size of 150 ± 10 nm. The entrapment and loading efficiency of Dox were up to 40% and 23%, respectively. According to the release profiles, up to 30% of loaded drug was released within 6hrs and the remaining amount of Dox was released more gradually, but this pattern was related to pH of the medium. The amount of drug released at acidic condition (pH 5.0) was greater than other pHs. The intestinal permeation of Dox increased nearly up to 90% by loading in chitosan nanoparticles. Conclusion: Using chitosan nanoparticles presents a potential safe drug delivery system for oral administration of Dox. In vivo studies and the determined pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic of Dox loaded chitosan nanoparticles after oral administration are planned for future studies.
Patient Risk Assessment and Warning Symptom Detection Using Deep Attention-Based Neural Networks

We present an operational component of a real-world patient triage system. Given a specific patient presentation, the system is able to assess the level of medical urgency and issue the most appropriate recommendation in terms of best point of care and time to treat. We use an attention-based convolutional neural network architecture trained on 600,000 doctor notes in German. We compare two approaches, one that uses the full text of the medical notes and one that uses only a selected list of medical entities extracted from the text. These approaches achieve 79% and 66% precision, respectively, but on a confidence threshold of 0.6, precision increases to 85% and 75%, respectively. In addition, a method to detect warning symptoms is implemented to render the classification task transparent from a medical perspective. The method is based on the learning of attention scores and a method of automatic validation using the same data.
Optimization of collagen type I-hyaluronan hybrid bioink for 3D bioprinted liver microenvironments

Current 3D printing of tissue is restricted by the use of biomaterials that do not recapitulate the native properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM). These restrictions have thus far prevented optimization of composition and structure of the in vivo tissue microenvironment. The artificial nature of currently used biomaterials affects cellular phenotype and function of the bioprinted tissues, and results in inaccurate modeling of disease and drug metabolism significantly. Collagen type I is the major structural component in the ECM, and is widely used as a 3D hydrogel, but is less applicable for 3D bioprinting due to low viscosity and slow polymerization. We have hypothesized that a combination of hyaluronic acid with collagen I yields a bioink with the properties required for extrusion bioprinting, while supporting native cell–matrix interactions and preservation of the native microenvironment properties. To test this hypothesis, we tested the viscoelastic properties of three bioink formulations –2:1, 3:1, and 4:1 collagen type I to hyaluronic acid, and examined cellular behavior in order to determine an optimal formulation that allows for bioprinting while supporting biological activity. We then employed this formulation to bioprint 3D liver tissue constructs containing primary human hepatocytes and liver stellate cells and tested the effects of acetaminophen, a common liver toxicant. Our results have shown that the combination of methacrylated collagen type I and thiolated hyaluronic acid yield a simple, printable bioink that allows for modulation that was directly related to stromal cell elongation. Further, the bioink adequately allowed for implementation as a support hydrogel for hepatocytes which were able to remain viable over two weeks and responded to drug treatment appropriately.
Impact on Cognitive Improvement Following Burr Hole Evacuation of Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Prospective Observational Study

ABSTRACT Objective: Patients of Chronic subdural haematoma can present with only subtle cognitive impairment without any motor deficit. It is hence imperative for the treating clinician to be aware of this entity. The aim of the study was to identify any statistically significant improvement of cognitive functions following burr hole evacuation of Chronic SDH especially in the elderly patients. Methods and Material: A Prospective observational study of 30 patients of CSDH, from Jan 2015 to Dec 2016 was done at a tertiary level Armed Forces Hospital. The study had 23 male, 07 female, with age ranging from 7-85 years. The cognitive function of each patient was assessed at admission and 24 hours after surgery by MMSE. Radiological confirmation was done by CT head. Standard two burr holes were made and hematoma evacuated. The clinical, cognitive assessment and radiological data were collected and analysed. Results: There was no statistical significance preoperatively between age and pre operative cognitive impairment, headache, hemiparesis, dysarthria (P>0.05). We however found a statistically significant improvement postoperatively in cognitive impairment, headache (P=0.00), motor deficit (P=0.01) and dysarthria (P=0.046) Conclusion: The clinical features of dementia and other neurodegenerative disorders simulate CSDH in the geriatric population. These patients should have early neuroimaging and prompt surgical intervention to alleviate cognitive deficits.
Radiation Effect on the Electron Transport Properties of SiO2/Si Interface: Role of Si Dangling-Bond Defects and Oxygen Vacancy

Radiation effect of electronic devices is a complex issue that attracted a lot of interest in the area of aviation industry and nuclear engineering. In order to investigate the relationship between structure damage and electrical performance of electronic devices, first-principle modeling and calculations were carried out to link SiO2/Si interfacial defect states and electron transport properties of electronic devices. We found that the oxygen vacancy (VO) is much more easier to form than silicon vacancy ($\textbf{V}_{\mathbf {Si}}$) under the radiation environment. The band structure shows that two defect levels were localized inside the band gap of the SiO2/Si interface, approximately 0.19 eV and 0.25 eV below the conduction band minimum (CBM) as electronic traps, which were induced by a Si dangling bond defects. The $\textbf{V}_{\mathbf {O\, }}$ as the donor defect makes the interface restructuring and chemical bond changing, which leads to the defect level crossing the Fermi level ($E_{\mathbf {F}}$). Oxygen atoms of SiO2 at the interface act as a potential well to keep electrons from tunneling. The barrier for carriers disappear after oxygen atom being moved, which will reduce the electrical gain and breakdown strength of devices. Our results gave a physical interpretation to the relationship between defects and electrical performance of electronic materials and indicated that the dangling bonds and $\textbf{V}_{\mathbf {O}}$textbf at the interface are needed to be suppressed generating in order to harden the electronic devices.
Influence of temperature gradient on charge accumulation phenomena of GIS spacer under DC field

DC-GIS is used in HVDC systems because of its excellent insulation performance. However, when DC voltage is applied to DC-GIS, charges are accumulated on the surface of the insulator. This leads to decrease the breakdown voltage. Therefore, understanding charge accumulation phenomena is significant to make more reliable HVDC systems. In this paper, we focused on effects of the temperature gradient on the spacer to charge accumulation phenomena. We developed the experimental device which makes thermal distribution on an insulated model spacer and we measured charge distributions on it under temperature gradient. Also, numerical simulation was conducted to understand this phenomenon. We concluded that when temperature gradient is generated in the spacer, charging is more widely distributed.
The Growth Arrest-Specific Transcript 5 (GAS5) and Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 3 Group C Member 1 (NR3C1): Novel Markers Involved in Multiple Sclerosis

Recent studies have revealed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are connected with pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, glucocorticoids have fundamental regulatory roles on the immune system, and act as potent therapeutic compounds for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The long noncoding RNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) which accumulates inside the cells in response to cellular starvation/growth arrest, acts as a potent repressor of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) through its glucocorticoid response element (GRE). The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of lncRNA GAS5 and its downstream target Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 3 Group C Member 1(NR3C1) in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), and to define the role of GAS5 in the regulation of NR3C1 expression. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed for investigating the expression of GAS5 and NR3C1 in MS patients and healthy subjects. We found that GAS5 levels were up-regulated in the MS patients, blood compared with healthy subjects in correlation with NR3C1 expression. Our findings suggest that GAS5 may play on important role in the molecular etiology and treatment of MS.
Natural Phytotherapeutic Antioxidants in the Treatment of Mercury Intoxication-A Review

Heavy metals taken into the organism can make the toxic effects on the metabolism in various ways. For example, they may interact with proteins to alter and inhibit their enzymatic and structural functions. Mercury is one of the toxic elements that are widely distributed in nature. Mercury toxicity poses a serious threat to human health. It is an element that causes oxidative stress to increase in individuals, leading to tissue damage. Oxidative stress is the result of the imbalance between the production of oxidative species and cellular antioxidant defense. Phytotherapy continues to play an important role in health care. Natural phytotherapeutic antioxidants, exhibit a broad sequence of biological impacts, including anti-oxidative stress, anti-aging, anti-toxicicity and anticancer. Many studies have also shown that the phytotherapeutic agents play an important role in the removal of mercury from the tissue and in reducing oxidative stress. Our goal in this review was to investigate alternative ways of extracting the mercury in the tissue.
Dynamic Modeling of Peer-to-Peer Power Market Making

This paper examines at which premiums, over the hourly Swissix day-ahead market price, hydro-, wind- and solar-power production becomes profitable in a dynamically simulated peer-to-peer power market model based on grid levels 5 & 7 in Switzerland. It further researches the question of whether the required premium for renewable power above the Swissix market price can be financed by purely redistributing grid levels 1 & 3 savings to local production without adding any additional expenses to the system. Market premiums or discounts for renewable power based on the hourly Swissix day-ahead market prices are introduced to incentivize renewable power generators to produce according to the aggregated peer-to-peer load curve. Rational market participants would be expected to start maximizing revenues over the hourly price and minimizing costs, resulting in automatized grid optimization.
An Extreme Learning Machine Method for Multi-Classification with Mahalanobis Distance

I23 this paper, a novel approach for multi-classification problem, named decomposed extreme learning machine binary tree (DELM-BT), is proposed. The DELM-BT is an ensemble of ELMs that work in a decomposition mode. Each binary classification ELM are combined in a binary tree (BT). During the structural optimization of BT, Mahalanobis distance (MD) is taken into consideration as the inter-class distance due to the inter-class association consideration of MD, and Euclidean distance (ED) is used to measure intra-class distance. At last, the vibration signals of gear are utilized as the illustrated examples. The experimental result demonstrates that the time consuming of the proposed method is less than other existing classifiers under the same classification accuracy.