Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bolus‐chase peripheral 3D MRA using a dual‐rate contrast media injection

In this pilot study, using a standard 40 mL gadolinium (Gd) chelate contrast dose, dual‐rate (first 20 mL at 0.5 mL/sec; remaining 20 mL at 1.5 mL/sec) and fixed‐rate (entire 40 mL dose at either 0.7 mL/sec or 2.0 mL/sec) injection schemes for multistation, bolus‐chase magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) were compared in normal volunteers. Signal‐to‐noise ratio, contrast‐to‐noise ratio, and physician preference were determined for nine arterial segments. At the terminal station (calf), the dual‐rate contrast injection improved arterial signal and contrast compared with both fixed‐rate injection schemes and improved subjective vessel appearance compared with the 2.0 mL/sec, but not the 0.7 mL/sec, fixed‐rate scheme. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2000;12:769–775. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Catastrophic graft‐versus‐host disease after lung transplantation proven by PCR‐based chimerism analysis

Acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) is a rare complication after solid organ transplantation. We describe a 52‐year‐old female developing neutropenia and fever 48 days after single lung transplantation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Bone marrow (BM) biopsy suggested drug‐induced marrow failure, so immunosuppression was reduced. Five days later a maculopapular skin rash was observed, progressing to a generalized erythema with desquamation. Skin biopsy was suspectable for GvHD, so immunosuppression was re‐initiated. PCR‐based chimerism analysis of BM revealed 78% donor cells. Intensified immunosuppression resulted in temporary improvement, but BM aplasia recurred and the patient experienced severe GvHD of gut and liver. Despite extensive immunosuppression the patient died from multi‐organ failure 99 days after transplantation. This report describes the occurrence of neutropenia as an early presenting sign of acute GvHD after lung transplantation. We therefore recommend incorporating GvHD in the differential diagnosis of neutropenia after solid organ transplantation, calling for early chimerism analyses.
E-Map: A Visual Analytics Approach for Exploring Significant Event Evolutions in Social Media

Significant events are often discussed and spread through social media, involving many people. Reposting activities and opinions expressed in social media offer good opportunities to understand the evolution of events. However, the dynamics of reposting activities and the diversity of user comments pose challenges to understand event-related social media data. We propose E-Map, a visual analytics approach that uses map-like visualization tools to help multi-faceted analysis of social media data on a significant event and in-depth understanding of the development of the event. E-Map transforms extracted keywords, messages, and reposting behaviors into map features such as cities, towns, and rivers to build a structured and semantic space for users to explore. It also visualizes complex posting and reposting behaviors as simple trajectories and connections that can be easily followed. By supporting multi-level spatial temporal exploration, E-Map helps to reveal the patterns of event development and key players in an event, disclosing the ways they shape and affect the development of the event. Two cases analysing real-world events confirm the capacities of E-Map in facilitating the analysis of event evolution with social media data.
Integer programming reformulation and decomposable knapsack problems

We propose a very simple preconditioning method for integer programming feasibility problems: replacing the problem b ≤ Ax ≤ b x ∈ Zn with b ≤ (AU)y ≤ b y ∈ Zn, where U is a unimodular matrix computed via basis reduction, to make the columns of AU short (i.e. have small Euclidean norm), and nearly orthogonal. Our approach is termed column basis reduction, and the reformulation is called rangespace reformulation. It is motivated by the reformulation technique proposed for equality constrained IPs by Aardal, Hurkens and Lenstra. We also propose a simplified method to compute their reformulation. We also study a family of IP instances, called decomposable knapsack problems (DKPs). DKPs generalize the instances proposed by Jeroslow, Chvátal and Todd, Avis, Aardal and Lenstra, and Cornuéjols et al. DKPs are knapsack problems with a constraint vector of the form pM + r, with p > 0 and r integral vectors, M an integer, ‖ a ‖>‖ r ‖, M >‖ r ‖ . If the parameters are suitably chosen in DKPs, we prove • hardness results for these problems, when branch-and-bound branching on individual variables is applied; • that they are easy, if one branches on the constraint px instead; and • that branching on the last few variables in either the rangespaceor the AHL-reformulations is equivalent to branching on px in the original problem. We also provide recipes to generate such instances. An analysis of the AHL-reformulation for a special class of IPs was recently given by Aardal and Lenstra in [4, 5]. Here we also point out a gap in their analysis. Our computational study confirms that the behavior of the studied instances in practice is as predicted by the theoretical results. Department of Mathematics, Washington State University, bkrishna@math.wsu. edu Department of Statistics and Operations Research, UNC Chapel Hill, gabor@unc.edu. Author supported by NSF award 0200308
Two Different Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Phage Lineages Predominate in Japan

ABSTRACT We determined the entire nucleotide sequence of φSa2958-carrying Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene, which was lysogenized in a sequence type 5 staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type II strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Based on the nucleotide sequences of PVL phages, we developed PCRs to discriminate among five PVL phages, with a preliminary classification into two morphological groups (elongated-head type and icosahedral-head type) with four PCRs, including two PCRs for identifying the gene lineage between lukS-PV and the tail gene. The phages were then classified into five types by four PCRs identifying each phage-specific structure. With these PCRs, we examined the PVL phage types of 67 MRSA strains isolated in Japan from 1979 through 1985 and since 2000 and found that two morphologically distinct phages were predominant in Japan. The icosahedral-head-type phage, represented by the φ108PVL type, was identified for 39 of 53 strains isolated from 1979 through 1985. Of 26 other Japanese isolates, 25 belonged either definitively or presumably to elongated-head types as follows: 3 belonged to the φSa2958 type; 8 were determined to belong to an elongated-head type, but a determination of greater specificity was not made; and 14 belonged to a φSa2958-like phage of unknown type. We induced prophages by treatment with mitomycin C from six strains of the φSa2958 type or of φSa2958-like unknown-type phages; five of six strains carried intact PVL-carrying phages, which can infect other S. aureus strains and might generate novel PVL-positive strains of S. aureus. That various SCCmec elements were carried by different strains of the same phage type suggests that S. aureus strains might independently acquire PVL phages before they acquire various SCCmec elements.
Body Image Anxiety on University Students (Differences between Men and Women)

The aim of this research lies on comparing anxiety body image profiles between male and female university students. A total sample of 2089 freshmen—902 women and 1187 men is from the different degrees offered by the Autonomous University of Chihuahua, with an average age of 18.23 ± 0.74 years. The approach used in the research is part of a quantitative design with a survey description. The differences found between men and women regarding their own perception of anxiety suggest that when designing any kind of intervention that aims at the decreasingly perceived anxiety, the gender variable will have to be taken into account. Future investigations should respond to these discoveries in larger samples.
IMPROVING SAFETY WITH OBSTACLE DETECTION AND TRACK FOLLOWING CAR USING SENSOR, GPS AND GSM

Through this Project our expectation is that the car should start when authorized persons send predefined message on the External SIM. Otherwise the car is locked. Smart vehicle sends current locations on the different predefined mobile numbers. In this situation owner calls on External SIM for the first time, then the car should stop & when the user calls second time, then the vehicle will start automatically. Also, When the car is in motion and suddenly Obstacle occurring in front of the vehicle, then the sensor should detect barrier, (may be small or big) car should break automatic. And try to search alternate path in case of an accident. For immediate help and send that message to an owner and care center. In that Short Message Service it is should send current place latitude and longitude, Time, Speed in knots, Date, obtained from Global Positioning, Therefore, using that latitude and longitude, we find location on earth and we may provide fast help in an emergency. The Car should also break if the car is on wrong driving track and automatically re-track car. The Micro Controller PIC18F26K22 interfaces with Infrared sensors and Ultrasonic sensor that continuously detect, track, and the vehicle is in motion. If an Infrared sensor output detects off road path, then Micro controller immediately slows down the vehicle speed and try to move the vehicle back on path depending on track sensor output. In this project Micro controller is programmed using embedded C language and built using MPLAP.
EDAPHIC FACTORS AND THE LANDSCAPE-SCALE DISTRIBUTIONS OF TROPICAL RAIN FOREST TREES

Tropical rain forests have the highest tree diversity on earth. Nonrandom spatial distributions of these species in relation to edaphic factors could be one mechanism responsible for maintaining this diversity. We examined the prevalence of nonrandom dis- tributions of trees and palms in relation to soil type and topographic position (''edaphic biases'') over a mesoscale (573 ha) old-growth tropical rain forest (TRF) landscape at the La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. All trees and palms $10 cm diameter were mea- sured and identified in 1170 circular 0.01-ha plots centered on an existing 50 3 100 m grid. Topographic position was classified for each plot, and slope and aspect were measured. Soil type data were taken from a previous study (Clark et al. 1998). A total of 5127 trees and palms were identified in 267 species. Detrended Correspondence Analysis and Canon- ical Correspondence Analysis showed that highly significant edaphic gradients were present, with swamp or highly fertile soils separated from the less fertile, well-drained upland soils. Species composition remained significantly related to topographic position when soil type was controlled for. The main floristic gradients were still significant when flooded sites were excluded from the analyses. Randomization tests on a weighted preference index were used to examine the relations of individual species to soil types and, within the dominant soil type, to topographic position. Of the 132 species with N $ 5 individuals, 33 showed significant associations with soil type. Within the dominant soil type, 13 of 110 analyzable species were nonrandomly associated with one or more topographic positions. For a variety of reasons, including issues relating to sample size and adequate edaphic characterization of landscapes, we suggest that the ;30% of species shown to be edaphically biased in this study is an underestimate of the true degree of edaphically related distri- butional biases. To evaluate this hypothesis will require mesoscale vegetation sampling combined with quantitative soil analyses at the same scale in a range of tropical rain forests. If edaphic distributional biases are shown to be common, this suggests that edaphically linked processes leading to differential recruitment are similarly common.
Patterns of Ethnic, Linguistic, and Geographic Heterogeneity of Palmar Interdigital Ridge Counts in the Indian Subcontinent

Published data on palmar interdigital ridge counts (a-b, b-c, and c-d) among 57 populations from the Indian subcontinent were analyzed with reference to ethnic, socioeconomic, linguistic, and geographic affiliations of the studied populations. The spatial autocorrelation analysis suggests significant correlation between dermatoglyphic and geographic distances. The congruence with the ethnic semblance of the groups is also apparent in the data, and, in fact, the multiresponse permutation procedure did suggest highly significant within-group homogeneity, confirming the biological validity of the social and ethnic criteria used in the analysis. The plots of populations on the first two principal components, accounting for 92% of the total variance, complement and support the results based on the other analyses, which show certain ethnic and geographic patterns. These findings can serve as baseline information for future studies on population variation in India, particularly studies based on molecular genetic markers, a trend that has already gained momentum.
Serum cholesterol levels in patients with acute rheumatic fever.

OBJECTIVE To determine abnormalities of cholesterol metabolism in children with acute rheumatic fever (ARF). DESIGN Cross-sectional study and prospective study. SETTING Pediatric ward of the Khon Kaen (Thailand) University Hospital. PARTICIPANTS Forty-six confirmed patients with ARF (during the acute and recovery phases of disease), 51 siblings, and 92 age- and sex-matched control children. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS/MAIN RESULTS Serum samples of these children were studied for serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels and liver function tests. No significant differences were found in mean serum total cholesterol levels (3.68 +/- 0.86 mmol/L [142.4 +/- 33.3 mg/dL] vs 3.75 +/- 0.67 mmol/L [145.0 +/- 25.8 mg/dL], 3.79 +/- 0.75 mmol/L [146.4 +/- 29.0 mg/dL], and 3.80 +/- 0.59 mmol/L [146.9 +/- 23.0 mg/dL]) or mean triglyceride levels (1.19 +/- 0.33 mmol/L vs 1.16 +/- 0.51, 1.12 +/- 0.37, and 1.07 +/- 0.41 mmol/L) (during ARF vs after ARF, sibling, and age- and sex-matched control children, respectively). The children with ARF had significantly lower mean levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and of albumin than did the other groups (analysis of variance, P < .0001). In the ARF group, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and albumin levels varied inversely with the clinical severity of carditis, while, in contrast, triglyceride and alkaline phosphatase levels varied with the clinical severity of carditis. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms abnormalities of cholesterol metabolism in ARF. Hepatic dysfunction associated with the clinically detectable severity of carditis or inflammation might explain the observed differences in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels in these children.
Robust behavioral non uniform look-up table spacing in adaptive digital baseband predistortion technique for RF power amplifier

The paper introduces a linearization technique based on a modified complex gain predistorter. The look-up table (LUT) digital adaptive predistortion (PD) approaches are effective for power amplifier (PA) linearization for reducing the PA power back-off and increasing the efficiency. Unlike other LUT predistorter based on uniform spacing of the LUT entries, the paper proposes a robust and behavioral method. The density of the table entries is directly proportional to the amplifier nonlinearity so the optimum table spacing could be realized. Besides, the proposed algorithm is able to optimize the LUT spacing without prior knowledge of the PA characteristics or input signal statistics and the LUT index calculation is made by a simple and fast algorithm.
The Assessment of Motor Fatigability in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review

Background. Persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) are often characterized by increased motor fatigability, which is a performance change on an objectively measured criterion after any type of voluntary muscle contractions. This review summarizes the existing literature to determine which protocols and outcome measures are best to detect or study motor fatigability and the underlying mechanisms in MS. Methods. Two electronic databases, PubMed and Web of Science, were searched for relevant articles published until August 2016 with a combination of multiple sclerosis, fatigability, muscle fatigue, and motor fatigue. Results. A total of 48 articles were retained for data extraction. A variety of fatigability protocols were reported; protocols showed differences in type (isometric vs concentric), duration (15 to 180 s), and number of contractions (fixed or until exhaustion). Also, 12 articles reported motor fatigability during functional movements, predominantly assessed by changes in walking speed; 11 studies evaluated the mechanisms underlying motor fatigability, using additional electrical nerve or transcranial magnetic stimulation. Three articles reported psychometrics of the outcomes. Conclusions. The disparity of protocols and outcome measures to study different aspects of motor fatigability in PwMS impedes direct comparison between data. Most protocols use maximal single-joint isometric contractions, with the advantage of high standardization. Because there is no head-to-head comparison of the different protocols and only limited information on psychometric properties of outcomes, there is currently no gold standard to assess motor fatigability. The disability level, disease phenotype, and studied limb may influence the assessment of motor fatigability in PwMS.
Test–retest reliability of health utilities index scores: Evidence from hip fracture

Objectives: There is relatively little evidence on the test–retest reliability of utility scores derived from multiattribute measures. The objective was to estimate test–retest reliability for Health Utilities Index Mark 2 (HUI2) and Mark 3 (HUI3) utility scores in patients recovering from hip fracture. Methods: We enrolled an inception cohort of hip fracture patients within 3 to 5 days of surgery. Baseline assessments included the Functional Independence Measure (FIM™), Folstein Mini-Mental State Examinations, and the HUI2 and HUI3 questionnaire. Follow-up assessments at 1, 3, and 6 months also included a global change question. Test–retest reliability was assessed as agreement between 3- and 6-month scores using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Two approaches were used to classify patients as stable; a third approach based on the generalizability theory was also used. Patients were classified as stable if their FIM™ overall scores changed by 10 points or fewer and if they classified themselves as having experienced no or only a little change according to their global change question. Results: Complete data at both the 3- and 6-month assessments based on self-report were available for 196 patients; 141 patients with complete data were classified as stable. The ICCs for HUI2 and HUI3 for stable patients were 0.71 and 0.72; the ICCs derived from the generalizability theory were 0.76 and 0.77. Conclusions: Test–retest reliability for HUI in this cohort was similar to reliability estimates for other preference-based multiattribute and generic health-profile measures—in the acceptable range for making valid group-level comparisons.
Prediction of Leak Flow Rate Using Fuzzy Neural Networks in Severe Post-LOCA Circumstances

Providing information about the leak flow rate caused by a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) to nuclear power plant (NPP) operation personnel is a key to the management and mitigation of severe post-LOCA circumstances at NPPs where active safety injection systems do not actuate. The leak flow rate is a function of break size, differential pressure (i.e., difference between internal and external reactor vessel pressure), temperature, and so on. In this study, the break position and size were first identified and predicted, and then, the leak flow rate was predicted using a fuzzy neural network (FNN). The FNN was developed using training data and validated using independent test data. The data were generated from simulations of the optimized power reactor 1000 (OPR1000) using MAAP4 code. The data for training the FNN model were selected among the acquired data using the subtractive clustering method, and FNN performance was improved. The developed FNN model was sufficiently accurate to be used for predicting leak flow rate, which is useful information for managing severe post-LOCA situations.
Solid Phase Extraction, Preconcentration and Sequential Separation of U(VI), Th(IV), La(III) and Ce(III) by Octa-O-methoxy resorcin(4)arene based Amberlite XAD-4 Chelating Resin

Amberlite XAD-4 was covalently linked with octa-O-methoxy resorcin[4]arene through - N=N- to form chelating resin, which has been duly characterized and successfully used for separation and preconcentration of rare-earth metal ions like U(VI), Th(IV), La(III) and Ce(III). Various physiochemical parameters like pH, flow rate, sorption capacity, breakthrough studies, distribution coefficient, preconcentration factor, concentration of eluting agents responsible for quantitative extraction of metal ions were optimized. The resin possessed good binding affinity towards U(VI), Th(IV), La(III) and Ce(III) under selective pH conditions and were quantitatively eluted with suitable eluants like HCl and HNO3. Amount of metal ions was determined by spectrophotometry or inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Fast exchange kinetics and good breakthrough capacity of the resin lead to effective separation of metal ions from their binary and ternary mixture by column method on the basis of pH and eluting agents. The resin could be reused for 8-10 cycles with recoveries of analytes higher than 98%. Proposed method having analytical data with the relative standard deviation (RSD) < 2%, reflect upon the reproducibility and reliability of the method which has been effectively used for separation and determination of U(VI), Th(IV), La(III) and Ce(III) ions from monazite sand and standard reference materials.
Saliency-Based Unsupervised Image Matting

Spectral matting is the state-of-the-art matting method and can well solve the highly under-conditioned matte problem without manual intervention. However, it suffers from huge computation cost and inaccurate alpha matte. This paper presents a modified spectral matting method which combines saliency detection algorithm to get a higher accuracy of alpha matte with less computational cost. First, the saliency detection algorithm is used to detect general locations of foreground objects. For saliency detection method, original two-stage scheme is replaced by feedback scheme to get a more suitable saliency map for unsupervised image matting. Next, matting components are obtained through a linear transformation of the smallest eigenvectors of the matting Laplacian matrix. Then, the improved saliency map is used for grouping matting components. Finally, the alpha matte is obtained based on matte cost function. Experiments show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods based on spectral matting both in speed and alpha matte accuracy.