Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Constrained Operational Optimization of a Distillation Unit in Refineries With Varying Feedstock Properties

This brief studies the challenging operational optimization problem of a distillation unit (DU) under varying feedstock properties (e.g., density and carbon content). This problem, in which changes in the feedstock properties are incorporated, aims to quickly obtain the operating variables that control the operating condition of the DU. To solve this problem, we first model this operational optimization problem considering the ever-changing feedstock properties and practical technological constraints. Then, we propose an efficient soft-sensing strategy to rapidly measure the feedstock properties. Finally, motivated by the challenges caused by the varying feedstock properties, product yield, and tray temperature constraints, we propose an optimization algorithm with global search and self-repair capabilities to optimize the operating variables of the DU. The proposed algorithm integrates the optimization time and survival information of each individual into the proposed mutation strategy to improve its global search capability in the irregular feasible region of the operating variables. Based on the ranking and survival information of each individual, the adaptive strategies of the mutation factor and crossover probability are designed to balance the exploration and exploitation capabilities of the optimization algorithm. Subsequently, we propose an effective correction strategy to correct the infeasible operating variables and improve the optimization efficiency of the algorithm. Computational experiments on practical production data show the accuracy of the soft-sensing model and the superiority of the optimization algorithm for operational optimization of the DU.
Use of Predictive Weather Uncertainties in an Irrigation Scheduling Tool Part I: A Review of Metrics and Adjoint Methods

Irrigation management consists of many components. In this work we review and recommend rainfall forecast performance metrics and adjoint methodologies for the use of predictive weather data within the Colorado State University Water Irrigation Scheduler for Efficient Application (WISE). WISE estimates crop water uses to optimize irrigation scheduling. WISE and its components, input requirements, and related software design issues are discussed. The use of predictive weather allows WISE to consider economic opportunity‐costs of decisions to defer water application if rainfall is forecast. These capabilities require an assessment of the system uncertainties and use of weather prediction performance probabilities. Rainfall forecasts and verification performance metrics are reviewed. In addition, model data assimilation methods and adjoint sensitivity concepts are introduced. These assimilation methods make use of observational uncertainties and can link performance metrics to space and time considerations. We conclude with implementation guidance, summaries of available data sources, and recommend a novel adjoint method to address the complex physical linkages and model sensitivities between space and time within the irrigation scheduling physics as a function of soil depth. Such tool improvements can then be used to improve water management decision performance to better conserve and utilize limited water resources for productive use. Editor’s note: This paper is part of the featured series on Optimizing Ogallala Aquifer Water Use to Sustain Food Systems. See the February 2019 issue for the introduction and background to the series.
Three essays on applied microeconometrics with spatial effects

ANDRE, Diego de Maria. Three essays on applied microeconometrics with spatial effects / Diego de Maria Andre. - 2016. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Ceara, Programa de Pos Graduacao em Economia, CAEN, Fortaleza, 2016. 95f.
Chemical Characteristics and Ozone Production in the Northern Colorado Front Range

We use the extensive set of aircraft and ground‐based observations from the NSF/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and State of Colorado Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Éxperiment and the NASA DISCOVER‐AQ experiments in summer 2014 together with the regional chemical transport model Weather Research and Forecast Model with Chemistry (WRF‐Chem) to study the ozone production and chemical regimes in the Northern Colorado Front Range (NFR). We apply the model's Integrated Reaction Rate capability and chemical tendencies diagnostics and present results from an in‐depth analysis of the ozone formation in various NFR regions for a case study of 12 August 2014. We further apply these diagnostics along a WRF online trajectory to assess the chemical evolution of an airmass during transport. The results show efficient ozone production within the NFR driven by the availability of NOx and an abundance of highly reactive volatile organic compound and also continued ozone production during the transport into the mountains. We identify CO, formaldehyde, higher alkanes, acetaldehyde, and isoprene among the volatile organic compound species with the highest efficiency in ozone production. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde concentrations in the NFR have a significant contribution from photochemical production, which in turn is linked back to methane oxidation and to emissions of higher alkanes, isoprene, ethane, and propane. This study provides valuable policy information into the chemical fingerprint of surface ozone in the NFR, an area that is in nonattainment of the U.S. EPA ozone health standards and demonstrates the capability of the newly added diagnostic tool in WRF‐Chem to address the drivers behind secondary production of pollutants in greater detail.
Self‐Acceleration and Instability of Gravity Wave Packets: 3. Three‐Dimensional Packet Propagation, Secondary Gravity Waves, Momentum Transport, and Transient Mean Forcing in Tidal Winds

Dong et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030691) employed a new compressible model to examine gravity wave (GW) self‐acceleration dynamics, instabilities, secondary gravity wave (SGW) generation, and mean forcing for GW packets localized in two dimensions (2D). This paper extends the exploration of self‐acceleration dynamics to a GW packet localized in three dimensions (3D) propagating into tidal winds in the mesosphere and thermosphere. As in the 2D packet responses, 3D GW self‐acceleration dynamics are found to be significant and include 3D GW phase distortions, stalled GW vertical propagation, local instabilities, and SGW and acoustic wave generation. Additional 3D responses described here include refraction by tidal winds, localized 3D instabilities, asymmetric SGW propagation, reduced SGW and acoustic wave responses at higher altitudes relative to 2D responses, and forcing of transient, large‐scale, 3D mean responses that may have implications for chemical and microphysical processes operating on longer time scales.
Effect of Cropping Sequences and Nutrient Management Practices on Soil Quality under Rainfed Semiarid (Hot dry) Vertisol Soils of Western India

In order to study the effect of cropping sequences grown under different practices of nutrients management on soil quality, a long term experiment was conducted at research centre of All India Coordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture (AICRPDA), Targhadia, Rajkot falling under the jurisdiction of Junagadh Agricultural University. The experiment was conducted in a two-factor randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The cropping sequences followed were: Sesamum-cotton, Sesamum-sesamum, Sesamum-groundnut, Bajra-groundnut, Bajra-bajra, Bajra-cotton, Castor-cotton, Castorcastor, Castor-groundnut, Cotton-groundnut, Cotton-cotton, Groundnut-groundnut. The nutrient management practices were: i) control without fertilizer, ii) recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), iii) integrated nutrient management (INM) and iv) sole organic sources of nutrients. The results of the study indicated that the organic carbon was found to be medium (5.3 to 7.4 g kg-1) across the cropping sequences. The application of sole organic sources resulted in highest available N (197.9 kg ha-1) followed by INM treatments (182.3 kg ha-1). Available P was found highest under cotton–groundnut cropping sequence (24.72 kg ha-1). Cotton-cotton cropping sequence recorded significantly highest available K (449.1 kg ha-1) and also available Zn, Fe, Cu, B to the extent of 1.06, 25.0, 3.36, 0.52 μg g-1 respectively. Among the nutrient treatments, application of sole organic sources resulted in significantly highest amounts of available Zn, Fe, Mn and B. Significantly highest dehydrogenase activity was observed under sesamum-sesamum sequence, MBC under sesamum-cotton and labile carbon under castor-castor system. Application of sole organic sources of nutrients recorded significantly highest dehydrogenase activity (DHA), Microbial Biomass Carbon (MBC) and labile carbon followed by INM treatments. The relative order of performance of the cropping sequences in terms of relative soil quality indices (RSQI), when averaged over nutrient management treatments was as follows: Cotton-cotton (1.00) >Cotton-groundnut (0.93) > Castor-castor (0.88) > Bajra-groundnut (0.86) > Sesamum-sesamum (0.8) > Bajra-cotton (0.68) > Groundnut-groundnut (0.68) > Sesamum-groundnut (0.66) > Sesamum-cotton (0.64) > Castor-cotton (0.64) > Castor-groundnut (0.6) > Bajra-bajra (0.56). But when averaged over cropping sequences, the order of superiority of the treatments in terms of RSQI was: sole organic (1.00) > INM (0.72) > RDF (0.47). The results of the present study will be highly useful for improving the soil quality by using suitable combinations of crop sequences and nutrient management.
Reliability of the reflux finding score used in Chinese laryngologist

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the reliability of the reflux finding score(RFS)used in Chinese laryngologist.METHODS Fifty laryngeal photos were collected from the patients in the clinic of Voice and Swallowing Center,University of California Davis,from Feb.10,2009 to April.30,2009.For intrarater and interrater reliability assessment,a Chinese laryngologist(Jinrang Li)and an American laryngologist(Peter C Belafsky) blindly determined the RFSāon two separate occasions respectively.RESULTS The mean RFS for Chinese laryngologist was 8.28±2.78 at the initial screening and 8.10±2.75 at the repeat evaluation.The mean RFS for American laryngologist was 8.20±2.77 at the initial screening and 7.84±3.13 at the repeat evaluation.There were no difference in the mean RFS and each individual item comparing among the each evaluation of the two laryngologists(P0.05). The correlation coefficients of RFSāof the two evaluations by Dr.Li and Dr.Belafsky were 0.929 and 0.874 respectively.The correlation coefficient of RFS comparing Chinese and American laryngologist of their initial screening was 0.703. We considered a RFS≥7 as abnormal.The percentage intrarater agreement for Dr.Li and Dr.Belafsky was 94%(κ=0.861,P0.0001)and 94%(κ=0.855,P0.0001)respectively.The percentage interrater agreement between the two laryngologists was 88%(κ=0.663,P0.0001). CONCLUSION The results demonstrate good inter-and intrarater reproducibility in Chinese and American laryngologists and RFS can be used in Chinese laryngologists for screening the laryngopharyngeal reflux patients.
Application of remote sensing techniques in the estimation of surface temperature models as support for geothermal exploration in Colombia

The obtaining of models of surface temperature by means of Shallow Surface Temperature - SST, shows a first approach to surface temperature anomalies in the exploration stage of a geothermal area of interest in a fast, portable and economic way. In the Colombian Geological Service - SGC, the SST materializes at depths between 20 cm and 150 cm deep, taking into account the normalization of data to eliminate the influence of solar radiation, thermal diffusivity, albedo, slopes, relief, the effect of climatic seasons. As a method parallel to the estimation of models of temperature of the terrestrial surface, the Remote Sensing - RS are integrated that have satellite images of terrestrial observation in the thermal infrared. Based on the ground truth established by the SST, the degree of positive or negative correlation is calculated with the temperature models estimated by RS, reaching a method of validation between remote sensing techniques and ground truth. Within the proposed methodology, the processing of a temperature model from RS images is proposed, specifically the processing of images with bands in the thermal infrared (such as Landsat 8 TIRS) of the geothermal area. The validation of the model achieved through the DIP - Digital Image Processing, is performed against the ground truth (SST) through qualitative and quantitative analysis with variables such as vegetation indexes or anomalies of elements such as Uranium - U, Thorium - Th and Potassium - K by gamma ray spectrometry, according to the availability of information in each geothermal area. In order to establish a positive or negative correlation between the temperature anomalies estimated from different techniques (SST vs RS), parametric correlation tests were performed pixel by pixel (Pearson coefficient).
Fishway Entrance Gate Experiments With Adult American Shad

The goal of this multiyear study was to examine how changes to an upstream fishway entrance impacted the passage rate of adult American shad (Alosa sapidissima). We evaluated a total of nine treatment conditions that consisted of three fishway entrance gate types and three submergence depths (i.e., the water surface elevation of the tailwater relative to the height of the gate crest). Approximately 2,000 wild, actively migrating shad participated in one of the 64 total trials (6–8 trials per treatment) that were conducted for this experiment. The three fishway entrance gate types were the vertical gate (the most common entrance gate type used in fishways), the overshot gate (less common in fishways), and the reversed overshot gate (novel to fishways). The submergence depths ranged from 30.5 to 91.4 cm above the gate crest. Increases to the submergence depth were shown to be the most influential predictor variable of passage time, followed by gate type and river temperature. The reversed overshot and overshot gates outperformed the vertical gate with the best performance occurring for the newly introduced reversed overshot gate type. The results of this study provide guidance on methods to improve fishway attraction and entry rates to numerous state and federal resource agencies and the hydropower industry.
Adequação ambiental para Ocotea odorifera (Vell.) Rohwer na floresta urbana de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil

Ocotea odorifera e uma especie arborea que sofre pressao da urbanizacao na Mata Atlântica, contribuindo para o seu risco de extincao e dificultando a sua adequacao ambiental. Areas verdes protegidas urbanas, no entanto, podem atenuar esses processos por apresentar ambientes com menos impacto antropico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a adequacao ambiental para O. odorifera no municipio de Curitiba, Parana e quantificar a sua representatividade em areas verdes protegidas. Um mapa de distribuicao potencial da especie foi elaborado por meio do algoritmo Maxent ® , utilizando-se 12 variaveis bioticas e 13 abioticas. A avaliacao do desempenho do modelo foi feita pela Area Sobre a Curva (AUC). O mapa do modelo foi sobreposto a um arquivo shapefile contendo 80 areas protegidas e reclassificado em tres classes de adequacao ambiental para a especie: Alta, Media e Baixa. A area ocupada pelas classes de adequacao dentro de cada area protegida foi calculada. O modelo explicou 96,3% da distribuicao da especie. A maior parte do municipio apresenta condicoes pouco favoraveis a ocorrencia de O. odorifera . A area potencialmente ocupada pela especie em Curitiba foi de 5.132,4 ha (11,8% da area total do municipio). Somando-se as classes Alta e Media em cada area protegida, a maior area continua com adequacao ambiental esta presente no Parque Tangua, com 19,56 ha de adequacao ambiental (88,14% de sua area total). Menos de 3% da area com adequacao ambiental para O. odorifera encontram-se em areas verdes protegidas. Recomenda-se a criacao de novas areas protegidas voltadas para a conservacao da especie.
Quantitative assessment of relative ship strike risk to humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area

The Australian east coast population of humpback whales (E1 sub-population) annually migrate to the Great Barrier Reef for mating and calving. Recent improvements in our understanding of the distribution of humpback whales on their breeding ground in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (GBRWHA) indicate the main breeding aggregation (highest density area) is in offshore waters of the southern GBR, in close proximity to coastal areas undergoing significant port development. The core breeding area overlaps the inner shipping route that services all ports on the Qld coast. A quantitative assessment of relative ship strike risk (ships > 80m) to humpback whales in the GBRWHA was recently undertaken. However, it was not possible to model the Capricorn Bunker Group due to limited humpback whale distribution data. This Capricorn Bunker Group is an area of significant shipping activity and represents a significant information gap on relative risk of ship strike to humpback whales in the GBR. This report presents data on the distribution of humpback whales in the Capricorn Bunker Group area from an aerial survey undertaken in July 2018. This data enabled a quantitative relative ship strike risk assessment for this area and a re-assessment of risk in the extended GBRWHA when integrated with existing aerial survey data.
Dispersed plant mesofossils from the Permian of Wuda, Inner Mongolia, Taiyuan Formation, China

A coal sample from the Lower Permian Taiyuan Formation (Wuda locality, Inner Mongolia, China) was macerated. It yielded two cuticle fragments and many fragments of conducting tissue. One cuticle fragment shows strongly corroded polygonal cells belonging either to a pteridosperm or a cycad. The second fragment is an abaxial cordaitalean cuticle with papillate tetragonal cells and can be compared to Cordaites neimengensis LIU et al. 1998. The conducting tissue are represented by biseriate to quadriseriate tracheid pitting that is typical for cordaitaleans.
Monitoring induced denitrification in an artificial aquifer recharge system.

As demands on groundwater increase, artificial recharge is becoming a common method for enhancing groundwater supply. The Llobregat River is a strategic water supply resource to the Barcelona metropolitan area (Catalonia, NE Spain). Aquifer overexploitation has leaded to both a decrease of groundwater level and seawater intrusion, with the consequent deterioration of water quality. In the middle section of the aquifer, in Sant Vicenç del Horts, decantation and infiltration ponds recharged by water from the Llobregat River (highly affected from wastewater treatment plant effluents), were installed in 2007, in the framework of the ENSAT Life+ project. At the bottom of the infiltration pond, a vegetal compost layer was installed to promote the growth of bacteria, to induce denitrification and to create favourable conditions for contaminant biodegradation. This layer consists on a mixture of compost, aquifer material, clay and iron oxide. Understanding the fate of contaminants, such as nitrate, during artificial aquifer recharge is required to evaluate the impact of artificial recharge in groundwater quality.
Geocoronal Hydrogen Emission Variation Over Two Solar Cycles

Ground‐based hydrogen Balmer‐α observations from Northern midlatitudes span multiple solar cycles, facilitating investigation of decadal scale variations, including natural variability in the hydrogen response to solar geophysical changes. Here we present a reanalysis of ground‐based hydrogen emission observations from the early 1990s and their comparison with observations obtained in 2000–2001 in the context of the extended Northern Hemisphere midlatitude geocoronal hydrogen emission data set. This work suggests an increase in hydrogen emission intensity between the solar‐maximum period of 1990–1991 (Solar Cycle 22) and the near‐solar‐maximum period of 2000–2001 (Solar Cycle 23), with the caveat that this is a limited data set and that there are calibration uncertainties discussed in this paper. Solar activity was higher during the earlier solar maximum period. Thus, the apparent increase in intensity is counter to previous observations from midlatitudes in which the observed intensity increases with higher solar activity. This increase was also not seen in comparison of intensities from three solar minima periods. Further, the apparent increase in intensity is also likely of larger magnitude than model simulations would predict due to increases in methane and carbon dioxide. We will discuss the reanalysis and recalibration of the 1990–1991 observations using current analysis approaches and the interpretation of these observations in the context of observations and modeling of hydrogen variation over different time scales. The detailed review of the calibration procedures has also provided insights to guide design of future observations.
Unsupervised double weight graphs based discriminant analysis for dimensionality reduction

ABSTRACT Dimensionality reduction plays an important role in pattern recognition tasks. Locality preserving projection and neighbourhood preserving embedding are popular unsupervised feature extraction methods, which try to preserve a certain local structure in the low-dimensional subspace. However, only considering the local neighbour information will limit the methods to achieve higher recognition accuracy. In this paper, an unsupervised double weight graphs based discriminant analysis method (uDWG-DA) is proposed. First, uDWG-DA considers both similar and dissimilar relationships among samples by using double weight graphs. In order to explore the dissimilar information, a new partitioning strategy is proposed to divide the data set into different clusters, where samples of different clusters are dissimilar. Then, based on L2,1 norm, uDWG-DA finds the optimal projection to not only preserve the similar local structure but also increase the separability among different clusters of the data set. Experiments on four hyperspectral images validate the advantage and feasibility of the proposed method compared with other dimensionality reduction methods.
Dual isotopes of nitrate in Korean fertilizers and their application for identifying nitrate sources

Many studies have used typical ranges of δ 15 N and δ 18 O values to identify nitrate sources. However, it is questionable whether typical nitrate isotopes for various sources can be universally applied. Thus, for inorganic (IOF), organic (OF) and plant-based compound fertilizers (PCF) in South Korea, δ 15 N and δ 18 O were measured to evaluate their commonly used ranges. The δ 15 N and δ 18 O were 2.6 ± 2.5‰ and 19.3 ± 2.6‰ (n = 19) for IOFs, 14.7 ± 7.7‰ and 5.9 ± 4.9‰ (n = 30) for OFs, and 10.9 ± 6.7‰ and 16.0 ± 6.1‰ (n = 24) for PCFs, respectively. Some OFs showed relatively lower δ 15 N than the previously reported values for NO 3 fertilizers but all PCFs had both δ 15 N and δ 18 O similar to them, indi-cating that δ 15 N and δ 18 O for the organic material-based fertilizers were likely affected by both the composition level of the main ingredients and various additives in them. Dual isotopic data for three types of fertilizer in this study can play a crucial role in in-depth understanding the fate of natural and anthropogenic nitrate sources occurring in watershed.