Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diet Quality through Adolescence and Early Adulthood: Cross-Sectional Associations of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet Index and Component Food Groups with Age

Late adolescence to early adulthood is the period of life when prevalence of overweight and obesity rises the fastest, and an important time to understand changes in dietary risk factors. In this study we assess the variation in diet quality through analysis of cross-sectional data from 2957 individuals aged 13 to 30 from the National Diet and Nutrition Study (2008–2016). Diet data were self-reported using four-day food diaries and coded to give diet quality using the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) index (range 0–80) and DASH component food groups (grams/day). The mean DASH index score was low at 34.8 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 34.3–35.4). The regression of diet quality score and food groups on age categories revealed no significant change in diet quality score with age category in males, but an improved diet quality score among females aged 19–21 (β = 2.04, 95% CI = 0.05–4.02), 25–27 (β = 3.77, 95% CI = 1.36–6.18) and 28–30 (β = 2.39, 95% CI = 0.53–4.26), compared to age 13–15. Both sexes showed increased vegetable intake with age. Dairy intake was lower in early adult ages among males, while in females there was an increase in the proportion of low-fat dairy consumed with age. Further research should address the determinants of changes in diet in early adulthood to provide evidence for the targeting of public health policy.
Ontogenetic resource utilization and migration reconstruction with δ13C values of essential amino acids in the Cynoscion acoupa otolith

Abstract With the increasing anthropogenic impacts on fish habitats, it has become more important to understand which primary resources sustain fish populations. This resource utilization can differ between fish life stages, and individuals can migrate between habitats in search of resources. Such lifetime information is difficult to obtain due to the large spatial and temporal scales of fish behavior. The otolith organic matrix has the potential to indicate this resource utilization and migration with δ13C values of essential amino acids (EAAs), which are a direct indication of the primary producers. In a proof‐of‐concept study, we selected the Acoupa weakfish, Cynoscion acoupa, as a model fish species with distinct ontogenetic migration patterns. While it inhabits the Brazilian mangrove estuaries during juvenile stages, it moves to the coastal shelf as an adult. Thus, we expected that lifetime resource utilization and migration would be reflected in δ13CEAA patterns and baseline values in C. acoupa otoliths. By analyzing the C. acoupa otolith edges across a size range of 12–119 cm, we found that baseline δ13CEAA values increased with size, which indicated an estuarine to coastal shelf distribution. This trend is highly correlated with inorganic δ13C values. The δ13CEAA patterns showed that estuarine algae rather than mangrove‐derived resources supported the juvenile C. acoupa populations. Around the juvenile size of 40 cm, resource utilization overlapped with those of adults and mean baseline δ13CEAA values increased. This trend was confirmed by comparing otolith core and edges, although with some individuals potentially migrating over longer distances than others. Hence, δ13CEAA patterns and baseline values in otoliths have great potential to reconstruct ontogenetic shifts in resource use and habitats. The insight could aid in predictions on how environmental changes affect fish populations by identifying the controlling factors at the base of the food web.
MicroRNA-494-3p Promotes Cell Growth, Migration, and Invasion of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by Targeting Sox7

Background: There is mounting evidence that microRNAs play an important role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which is widely prevalent in South China and is the most prevalent metastatic cancer among head and neck cancers. Recently, it has been shown that miR-494 is involved in the progression and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, little is known about the function and mechanism of miR-494-3p in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of miR-494-3p on the migration and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and to further explore the underlying mechanisms of these processes. Methods: The expression levels of miR-494-3p and Sox7 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma specimens and nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines were measured using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Luciferase reporter assay, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting were used to confirm whether Sox7 was a direct target of miR-494-3p. Additionally, the roles of miR-494-3p and Sox7 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, wound healing assay, and Boyden chamber assay, respectively. Results: Our study demonstrated that miR-494-3p was commonly upregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma specimens and nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines compared with nontumor nasopharyngeal epithelial tissue or nasopharyngeal cells (NP69). Moreover, miR-494-3p negatively regulated Sox7 at the posttranscriptional level by binding to a specific site in the Sox7 3′-untranslated region. In addition, synthetic miR-494-3p mimics significantly promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion of S18 and S26 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, while a synthetic miR-494-3p inhibitor resulted in suppressed nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell migration and invasion. Conclusion: miR-494-3p promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell growth, migration, and invasion by directly targeting Sox7. Our results suggest that miR-494-3p might be a potential therapeutic target for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Next-Generation Sequencing and Quantitative Proteomics of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome-derived cells point to a role of nucleotide metabolism in premature aging

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a very rare fatal disease characterized for accelerated aging. Although the causal agent, a point mutation in LMNA gene, was identified more than a decade ago, the molecular mechanisms underlying HGPS are still not fully understood and, currently, there is no cure for the patients, which die at a mean age of thirteen. With the aim of unraveling non-previously altered molecular pathways in the premature aging process, human cell lines from HGPS patients and from healthy parental controls were studied in parallel using Next-Generation Sequencing (RNAseq) and High-Resolution Quantitative Proteomics (iTRAQ) techniques. After selection of significant proteins and transcripts and crosschecking of the results a small set of protein/transcript pairs were chosen for validation. One of those proteins, ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase 1 (PRPS1), is essential for nucleotide synthesis. PRPS1 loss-of-function mutants present lower levels of purine. PRPS1 protein and transcript levels are detected as significantly decreased in HGPS cell lines vs. healthy parental controls. This modulation was orthogonally confirmed by targeted techniques in cell lines and also in an animal model of Progeria, the ZMPSTE24 knock-out mouse. In addition, functional experiments through supplementation with S-adenosyl-methionine (SAMe), a metabolite that is an alternative source of purine, were done. Results indicate that SAMe has a positive effect in the proliferative capacity and reduces senescence-associated Beta-galactosidase staining of the HPGS cell lines. Altogether, our data suggests that nucleotide and, specifically, purine-metabolism, are altered in premature aging, opening a new window for the therapeutic treatment of the disease.
Social stimuli influencing feeding behaviour of Burmese fowl: video analysis

After adolescent Burmese red junglefowl, Gallus gallus spadecius, were exposed to videotapes of conspecifics feeding from visually distinctive food dishes, the viewers exhibited enhanced pref- erences for food dishes of the type that they had observcd conspecifics exploit. Both auditory and visual stimuli associated with feeding fowl played a role in producing these socially enhanced feeding- sitc preferences, and videotapes of fowl actually feeding from a food dish were more effective in enhancing preference for that type of food dish than were videotapes of fowl either active or immobile near a food dish. Thus, juvenile junglcfowl not only responded to video images of conspecifics and generalized from video images of objects to the objects themselves, they also responded differentially to video images of general activity near a food dish and feeding behaviour directed towards a food dish. Whether exposure to a videotape sufficed to influence feeding behaviour during testing depended on: (I) the duration of the subjects' exposure to videotapes, (2) the duration of the delay between videotape viewing and preference testing and (3) the criteria used to detect social influence on feeding behaviour. Analysis of the stimuli that mediate social learn- ing in animals is an inherently difficult task because, in general, experimenters conducting studies of social learning c:annot present stim- uli to their subjec:ts directly. Rather, experi- menters use trained animal tutors to exhibit behaviour patterns to naive observers. These tu- tors invariably behave inconsistently from trial to trial, and the resulting lack of stimulus con- trol interferes with analyses of social learning processes. Use of video technology provides a potential, though largely unexplored, means of markedly increasing experimenter control of the behaviour of tutors seen by observers in studies of social learn- ing. Video images can be selected and edited for presentation to subjects and all subjects can there- fore be exposed to identical demonstrations of behaviour. Furthermore, modern electronic tech- niques for modifying video images and computer- generated video images permit sophisticated analyses of visual stimuli producing socially induced modifications of behaviour that would not otherwise be possible (see Evans & Marler 1991for further discussion).
Investigation of the changes in oscillatory power during task switching after mild traumatic brain injury

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can cause persistent cognitive changes. These cognitive changes may be due to changes in neural communication. Task‐switching is a cognitive control operation that may be susceptible to mTBI and is associated with oscillations in theta (4–7 Hz), alpha (8–13 Hz), and beta (14–30 Hz) ranges. This study aimed to investigate oscillatory power in response to cues indicating a task‐switch after mTBI. Electroencephalogram and behavioral data were collected from 21 participants with a history of two or more concussions (mTBI) and 21 age‐ and gender‐matched controls as they performed a task‐switching paradigm. Participants differentiated whether visual stimuli were red or green, or circles or squares, depending on a cue. The cue changed every few trials with the first trial after a rule change being termed a switch trial. The mTBI group showed significantly less overall accuracy during the task. Over a posterior parietal region, the mTBI group showed more theta desynchronization than the control group from ~300 to ~600 ms post‐cue during switch trials and from ~300 to 400 ms during maintain trials, along with less alpha and beta desynchronization than the control group from ~2,000 to ~2,200 ms post‐cue. In a right parietal region, the mTBI group showed less alpha and beta desynchronization from ~525 to ~775 ms post‐cue. However, there was no condition × group interaction in the behavior or oscillatory results. These oscillatory differences suggest a change in neural communication is present after mTBI that may relate to global changes in task performance.
Morphological Processing Difficulty of Thai Learners of English with Different Levels of English Proficiency

English morphology is said to be one of the most difficult subjects of linguistic study Thai students can acquire. The present study aims at examining Thai learners of English with different levels of English language proficiency in terms of their 1) morphological knowledge and 2) morphological processing behaviors. Two experiments were designed to test 200 participants from Mae Fah Luang University. The results showed that students with low language proficiency (LL group) have less morphological knowledge than those with intermediate language proficiency (IL group). However, those in the IL group still show some evidence of morphological difficulty, though they have better skills in English. For morphological processing behavior, it was found that, with less knowledge, participants in the LL group employ a one-by-one word matching technique rather than chunking a package of information as do those in the IL group. Accordingly, unlike those in the IL group, students in the LL group could not generate well-organized outputs.
Cognitive and Physiologic Impacts of the Infraslow Oscillation

Brain states are traditionally recognized via sleep-wake cycles, but modern neuroscience is beginning to identify many sub-states within these larger arousal types. Multiple lines of converging evidence now point to the infraslow oscillation (ISO) as a mediator of brain sub-states, with impacts ranging from the creation of resting state networks (RSNs) in awake subjects to interruptions in neural activity during sleep. This review will explore first the basic characteristics of the ISO in human subjects before reviewing findings in sleep and in animals. Networks of consistently correlated brain regions known as RSNs seen in human functional neuroimaging studies oscillate together at infraslow frequencies. The infraslow rhythm subdivides nonREM in a manner that may correlate with plasticity. The mechanism of this oscillation may be found in the thalamus and may ultimately come from glial cells. Finally, I review the functional impacts of ISOs on brain phenomena ranging from higher frequency oscillations, to brain networks, to information representation and cognitive performance. ISOs represent a relatively understudied phenomenon with wide effects on the brain and behavior.
Completing the jigsaw: the first record of the female plant of Daphnopsisfilipedunculata (Thymelaeaceae), an endemic species from the Brazilian Amazon

Abstract The results of intensive fieldwork in the National Forest of Carajás (FLONA Carajás) led to the discovery of pistillate plants of Daphnopsisfilipedunculata, an endemic species from the Serra dos Carajás, previously known only from staminate individuals. These newly discovered populations add valuable missing information related to pistillate buds, mature flowers and fruits.
Sound clinical judgment in nursing: A concept analysis

OBJECTIVE The intent of this concept analysis is to offer a clear understanding of the definition, defining attributes, antecedents, and consequences of sound clinical judgment pertaining to nursing practice. BACKGROUND Sound clinical judgment is essential in nursing because decisions made influence patient outcomes. DESIGN This concept analysis guided by Walker and Avant's framework, dissects the concept to promote clarity and consensus. DATA SOURCE CINAHL, ProQuest for Nursing and Allied Health, ERIC, and Health Source/Nursing Academic Edition databases were searched using the keyword clinical judgment. REVIEW METHODS Articles in peer reviewed, scholarly journals written in English were considered from 1984 to 2017. RESULTS The author concluded that decision-making is a surrogate term for clinical judgment. The attributes, antecedents, and consequences are discussed and supported by evidence. Cases illustrate the essence of the concept. CONCLUSIONS Clinical judgment is an ambiguous term that is synonymous with the term decision-making. It results from critical thinking and clinical reasoning. Using these findings, educators and administrators can use valid and reliable methods to identify the presence, foster the development, and measure the existence of clinical judgment in novice nurses with an ultimate goal to improve patient care.
Diel flight periodicity and the evolution of auditory defences in the Macrolepidoptera

We measured the 24-h flight activity patterns of 84 species of Nearctic Lepidoptera representing 12 ultrasound-earless and seven ultrasound-eared families to examine the evolution of the diel flight periodicities (DFPs) and auditory defences of these insects. Most species tested showed mixed DFPs (flight during day and night hours) with few being exclusively nocturnal. With the exception of one geometrid moth and one arctiid moth, only the butterflies (Papilionoidea+Hesperioidea) were exclusively diurnal, supporting the hypothesis that this trait has resulted from their lack of ultrasound-sensitive ears, structures that in most other Macrolepidoptera provide auditory defence against aerially foraging, insectivorous bats. Eared species showed the highest tendency to fly during both day and night, a trait we suggest results from their possession of both visual and auditory defences. Earless moths were almost exclusively nocturnal and may be constrained to the night because of their size and tendency for ground-hugging flight, which may provide protection against bats, but would be liabilities against diurnal, visually hunting predators. Ultrasound sensitivity not only appears to protect eared moths from aerial predators (bats) but also protects them from terrestrial predators by allowing the moths to remain in the air during the night, and, we suggest, is responsible for the success of this group of Macrolepidoptera.
Quantitative genetics of oviposition behaviour and interactions among oviposition traits in the sand cricket

Abstract We performed a quantitative genetic study of oviposition behaviours and oviposition traits in the sand cricket Gryllus firmus. Egg survival in crickets depends on the depth at which they are inserted into the soil with the ovipositor. We examined whether egg depth depends on ovipositor length alone, or on both morphological and behavioural traits associated with oviposition. Heritability estimates were high (h2 >0.5) for ovipositor length and small (h2=0.2) for oviposition behaviours. Negative genetic correlations between ovipositor length and some behavioural traits (digging depth and the behavioural component of egg depth) indicated compensation between oviposition traits on egg depth. Because of behavioural compensation, females with different ovipositor lengths subject to stabilizing selection on egg depth could have equal fitnesses. Females laid their eggs deeper, and their eggs were marginally more evenly distributed in dry than in wet sand. This suggests adaptive phenotypic plasticity in laying behaviour, but may also result from physical constraints of the substrate on the insertion of the ovipositor. The absence of significant between-family variation in oviposition traits in response to sand moisture indicates low evolutionary potential for phenotypic plasticity in oviposition traits according to soil moisture. In highly unpredictable environments, females could spread the risk of desiccation by laying eggs at different depths independently of environmental conditions (bet hedging). Our results show significant additive genetic influences on the ability of a female to spread risks as measured by genetic variation in egg distribution, suggesting that a bet-hedging strategy of egg laying has the potential to evolve in this population. Copyright 2002 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Investigation of Growth Factor and Tenocyte Proliferation Induced by Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) in a 3-Chamber Co-Culture Device

The platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has become an attractive topic for soft tissue healing therapy recently. While some clinical reports revealed the effective treatments for knee osteoarthritis, lateral epicondylitis, and rotator cuff tears, other case studies showed that there was no statistically significant healing improvement. The efficacy of the PRP therapy is still unclear clinically. Thus, a significant amount of basic studies should be conducted to optimize the preparation procedure and the platelet concentration of the PRP. In this work, a 3-chamber co-culture device was developed for the PRP study in order to reduce the usage of primary cells and to avoid the PRP gelation effect. The device was a culture, well partitioning into 3 sub-chambers. Tenocytes and PRP could be respectively loaded into the sub-chambers and co-cultured under the interlinked medium. The results showed that a higher platelet number in the PRP could diffuse higher concentration of the growth factors in the medium and induce higher tenocyte proliferation. The 3-chamber co-culture device provides a simple and practical tool for the PRP study. It is potentially applied for optimizing the preparation procedure and platelet concentration of the PRP therapy.
Pacing Strategies in the ‘Athens Classic Marathon’: Physiological and Psychological Aspects

Despite the increased scientific interest in the relationship between pacing and performance in marathon running, little information is available about the association of pacing with physiological and psychological parameters. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the role physical fitness and training characteristics on pacing in the ‘Athens Classic Marathon. ’ Finishers in this race in 2017 (women, n = 26, age 40.8 ± 9.4 years; men, n = 130, age 44.1 ± 8.6 years) were analyzed for their pacing during the race, completed the Motivation of Marathon Scale (MOMS) and performed a series of physiological tests. Women and faster recreational runners adopted a more even pacing. A more even pacing was related with a higher aerobic capacity and lower muscle strength in men, but not in women. Men with more even pacing scored higher in psychological coping, self-esteem, life meaning, recognition and competition than their counterparts with less even pacing. Considering the increasing number of participants in marathon races, these findings might help a wide range of professionals (fitness trainers, physiologists, and psychologists) working with runners to optimize the pacing of their athletes.
The Context And Content Approaches To Teaching Mathematics At The Economic University

Fast changes in the scientific and technological and information space of the modern world require a prompt restructuring of the educational processes in the higher school. Modern graduate should possess not only an enormous amount of professional knowledge and skills, but also be ready for constant improving. Formation of the professional competencies is one of the main requirements of the educational standards for higher education. The achievement of the goal is due to the early start of profiling, practical orientation of all subjects starting from the first year of study. The ideas of this profiling are in the strategy for the development of the educational activity of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation. The authors of the article actualize the ideas of early profiling within the ‘Computer Practicum’ discipline which is conducted for the first year bachelors of the ‘Economics’ and ‘Management’. Two modern educational approaches, context and content are used to intensify the learning process. The experience of the applying considered approaches to teaching of basic baccalaureate subjects is discussed in this article. It is supposed to expand the using of the Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), implementing it with the context approach to computer practicum where the basics of computer technologies based on mathematical content are being studied with the use of economic context. Authors’ experience shows the effectiveness of the proposed methodology making it promising for the future use and improvement. © 2018 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy. org.UK