Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Layout of Arguments

An argument is like an organism. It has both a gross, anatomical structure and a finer, as-it-were physiological one. When set out explicitly in all its detail, it may occupy a number of printed pages or take perhaps a quarter of an hour to deliver; and within this time or space one can distinguish the main phases marking the progress of the argument from the initial statement of an unsettled problem to the final presentation of a conclusion. These main phases will each of them occupy some minutes or paragraphs, and represent the chief anatomical units of the argument—its ‘organs’, so to speak. But within each paragraph, when one gets down to the level of individual sentences, a finer structure can be recognised, and this is the structure with which logicians have mainly concerned themselves. It is at this physiological level that the idea of logical form has been introduced, and here that the validity of our arguments has ultimately to be established or refuted. The time has come to change the focus of our inquiry, and to concentrate on this finer level. Yet we cannot afford to forget what we have learned by our study of the grosser anatomy of arguments, for here as with organisms the detailed physiology proves most intelligible when expounded against a background of coarser anatomical distinctions.
Sequencing and analysis of the complete genomic sequence of Pineapple bacilliform comosus virus.

Objective Pineapple bacilliform comosus virus (PBCoV) was identified on pineapple in Zhanjiang district, Guangdong province, China, and the complete genomic sequence of PBCoV was analyzed and compared in the molecular variation among Badnaviruses. Method The specific primers of PBCoV were designed, and the viral partial and whole genomic sequences were, respectively, amplified with regular or inverse PCRs and analyzed by proper bioinformatics softwares. Result The complete circular genomic nucleotide sequence of PBCoV comprised 7 543 bp, which contained 3 ORFs on the plus-strand that potentially encoded proteins of 20.4, 14.0 and 217.6 kD, respectively. The nucleotide sequences of PBCoV shared 87%-97% identities with the partial sequences of PBCoV from Australia in GenBank. The amino acid sequence encoded by the viral ORF3 shared less than 50.8% identities with that of any known Badnaviruses. Evidence that the PBCoV sequence is integrated in the pineapple genome was presented and discussed. Conclusion The results indicated that PBCoV exists on pineapple in Zhangjiang district, Guangdong province, China. The virus belongs to Badnavirus, which shares the most identities in nucleotide level with Banana streak virus-Mys isolate. This is first to report the complete genomic sequence and structure of PBCoV.
Acid Hydrolysis Technique and Yeast Adaptation to Increase Red Macroalgae Bioethanol Production

Macroalgae or seaweed is considered being promising feedstock for bioethanol production because of high polysaccharides content. Those can be converted into fermentable sugar through acid and enzymatic hydrol ysis. The research objective is to develop bioethanol production from red macroalgae through acid hydrolysis and yeast adaptation. Polysaccharides of red algae Euchema cottonii consist of 26.9% carbohydrates, 2.93% hemicelluloses and 10.3% cellulose. Acid hydrolysis at temperature of 121 o C, 1.5 bars, at 15.0% dry seaweed produced hydrolysates with reducing sugar content in the range of 1.33-3.28% (w/v). Continued enzymatic hydrolysis increased reducing sugar up to 5.02% (w/v). Native yeast growth on acid hydrolysat es which had 3.15% reducing sugar showed low metabolismc activity. Adaptation of S. cerevisiae yeast can improve the ability of yeasts to produce ethanol from acid seaweed hydr olysate. Adaptation of S. cerevisiae IPBCC resulted in the highest cell density from ada ptation I to IV, followed by bulk yeast and commercial yeast. With the long process of adap tation, the cells density tends to decrease and the residual reducing sugar tends to i ncrease. The highest ethanol production of adapted IPBCC yeast was 2.20% (v/v, ethanol in f ermentation broth), with 80.3% substrate efficiency and 48.9% fermentation efficie ncy. While the highest ethanol production of adapted bulk yeast is 1.96% (v/v, eth anol in fermentation broth), which has 85.05% substrate efficiency and 42.71% fermentation efficiency.
Improving the reliability of commodity operating systems

Despite decades of research in extensible operating system technology, extensions such as device drivers remain a significant cause of system failures. In Windows XP, for example, drivers account for 85% of recently reported failures. This paper describes Nooks, a reliability subsystem that seeks to greatly enhance OS reliability by isolating the OS from driver failures. The Nooks approach is practical: rather than guaranteeing complete fault tolerance through a new (and incompatible) OS or driver architecture, our goal is to prevent the vast majority of driver-caused crashes with little or no change to existing driver and system code. To achieve this, Nooks isolates drivers within lightweight protection domains inside the kernel address space, where hardware and software prevent them from corrupting the kernel. Nooks also tracks a driver's use of kernel resources to hasten automatic clean-up during recovery.To prove the viability of our approach, we implemented Nooks in the Linux operating system and used it to fault-isolate several device drivers. Our results show that Nooks offers a substantial increase in the reliability of operating systems, catching and quickly recovering from many faults that would otherwise crash the system. In a series of 2000 fault-injection tests, Nooks recovered automatically from 99% of the faults that caused Linux to crash.While Nooks was designed for drivers, our techniques generalize to other kernel extensions, as well. We demonstrate this by isolating a kernel-mode file system and an in-kernel Internet service. Overall, because Nooks supports existing C-language extensions, runs on a commodity operating system and hardware, and enables automated recovery, it represents a substantial step beyond the specialized architectures and type-safe languages required by previous efforts directed at safe extensibility.
Phenolics and antioxidant activity in different cultivars/clones of Vitis vinifera L. seeds over two years

Abstract Grape seeds (GS) are one of the most important by-products of the winery and grape juice industry. GS contain a vast array of health-giving metabolites, including several polyphenols known for their remarkable antioxidant activity. In this study, it has been evaluated the nutraceutical potential of seeds from 15 grapevine cultivars/clones in terms of total phenols, monomeric, dimer, polymeric, gallate esters flavan 3-ols composition and in vitro antiradical activity. Considerable quali-quantitative differences in polyphenol content and AA had been observed among GS from different cultivars/clones collected in 2013 and 2014. In most of the investigated cultivars/clones, the better values of TP, FL and AA were recorded in GS collected in 2014. The polymeric procyanidins were significantly higher in 2014 in all the cultivars, while the gallate esters were significantly higher in 2013. These differences can be attributed to different climatic conditions in 2013 and 2014. In conclusion, the data here reported help to identify the best source of GS for the recovery of bioactive polyphenols and to valorize these waste materials.
Preliminary Characterisation and Analysis of Snapping Shrimp Noise from the Nornalup-Walpole Estuary

During September 2006, an exploratory underwater acoustic recording was made in the Nornalup-Walpole Estuary located 350 km south of Perth, Western Australia. Immediately obvious in the recording was a sustained crackling sound, characteristic of snapping shrimp. The presence of snapping shrimp in the estuary was unexpected, since the salinity is generally quite low, and snapping shrimp were not mentioned in biological literature surveyed prior to the recording. Individual impulses showed precursor and bubble characteristics, and spectral and statistical properties of the impulsive noise were consistent with the source being the snapping shrimp.
Taxonomy in Biology and Visualization

Taxonomies are core to our everyday working. We constantly categorize entities to aid our understanding and navigation of the world around us. In the most basic of cases, we may categorize animals into dangerous or non-dangerous, pets or pests and people into friends and strangers. Since time began, our ancestors have used taxonomy to stay away from things carrying the potential to cause harm, and it is shown that we have the ability to classify complex entities even as children through evolved parts of the human brain. This paper explores the origin of taxonomy and how it carries immense importance in our world, its importance in biology and how it is used in visualization also. Index Terms—Taxonomy, History, Biology, Visualization.
Hazards and Critical Control Points of Street-Vending Operations in a Mountain Resort Town in Pakistan.

Hazard analyses (which included watching operations, measuring temperatures of foods throughout preparation and display, and sampling and testing for microorganisms of concern) were conducted of vending operations of chicken, rice, pulse patties, and ice cream in a resort town in Pakistan. Salmonellae were isolated from ground meat, chicken flesh (from all operations surveyed), cutting boards, egg shells (eggs used in pulse patties), and buffalo milk (used for milk shakes). Greater than 105 coliform bacteria were isolated from raw milk, ice-cream mixes and products, and pulse-patty mix. Time-temperature exposure during cooking was adequate to kill salmonellae, but there were potentials for recontamination from cutting boards, knives, and hands of the vendor. Buffalo milk was held in a freezer and not boiled by the vendor as is usual in Pakistani homes to retard spoilage. Hence, because pathogens were not killed, milk shakes were a health risk. Pulse patties were not always thoroughly cooked, so pathogens could have survived. Holding stacks of them on a griddle for several hours would have allowed germination and growth of bacterial spores and growth of resulting cells. Health agency personnel in developing countries, vendors, and consumers of these foods need to be informed of the hazards and appropriate preventive measures.
Use of Microsatellite Markers in an American Beech (Fagus grandifolia) Population and Paternity Testing

Abstract Cross-species amplification of six microsatellite markers from European beech (Fagus sylvatica Linn) and nine markers from Japanese beech (Fagus crenata Blume) was tested in American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.). Three microsatellites from each species were successfully adapted for use in American beech and were found to be highly polymorphic, with 4-22 alleles at each locus and an expected heterozygosity value of 0.291 to 0.913. Twenty-five trees (including two clonal clusters) from a mature stand were sampled and genotyped to compute population statistics. No linkage disequilibrium between pairs of loci was detected, and the marker loci indicated that the population is at Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium. The markers were also used to genotype two full-sibling families consisting of a combined total of 99 individuals and were found to contain sufficient genetic information to assign paternity using a maximum likelihood method.
Upstream migration of amphidromous gobies of La Réunion Island: implication for management

Diadromous species of tropical islands face numerous anthropogenic disturbances. Understanding how these disturbances affect the population dynamic of these species is important to develop ecologically based management measures. The upstream migration dynamics of two amphidromous gobies, Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas) and Cotylopus acutipinnis (Guichenot), was described using intensive fishway monitoring (28 sampling dates over 1.5 years, 13 000 S. lagocephalus, 23 000 C. acutipinnis captured). Migration peak occurred for both species during the afternoon at the end of austral winter/beginning of austral summer. Abundance and size of fish caught in the river showed a marked impact of a dam (six sampling dates approximately 4000 individuals of each species captured). This study provides critical data for better management of fishways used by tropical amphidromous gobies. It appears especially important to reduce unwanted rheotactic sources that attract the fish away from the fishway's entrance.
Variants and Polymorphisms of Three Repetitive DNA Families in the Human Genome

VARIANTS AND POLYMORPHISMS OF THREE REPETITIVE DNA FAMILIES IN THE HUMAN GENOME by Robert M. Roudabush A novel 0.6 kb LINE family in human DNA, designated L2Hs, has been described (Musich and Dykes 1986). Studies employing clone N6.4, containing three 0.6 kb segments of this family, indicate that these sequences are interspersed and moderately repetitive. Two additional variant sequences of the L2Hs family, N6.1 and N6.3, have been identified. Restriction mapping of each cloned segment indicates similarities among N6.4, N6.3 and N6.1. When the cloned DNAs were cleaved with restriction enzymes and subjected to cross­ hybridization, each cloned insert produced a pattern indicating that the sequences contained in N6.1 and N6.3 are represented in at least one of the three 0.6 kb segments within the clone N6.4, Hybridization of human genomic DNA digested with Kpnl or KpnI+AccI reveals differences in nuclear organization for these segments. For any particular human DNA, the hybridization patterns for each of the three probes overlap. However, these differences indicate that the inserts in N6.1 and N6.3 and one of the N6.4 inserts each represents a subset of the L2Hs LINE family. Seguence analysis of N6.1 indicates that the probability of a functional translation product from a N6.1 transcript is not high. The sequence contains stop and non­ sense codons in all reading frames. However, the DNA has properties suggesting a structural, non-coding role. The N6.1 sequence contains 11 regions of alternating purine and pyrimidines which can affect the three dimensional structure and, therefore, the structural behavior of the molecule. In addition, putative binding regions for microtubule-associated proteins have been identified. A cloned variant of the Xbal family of repetitive DNAs, PuHu7, was identified. Studies of its genomic organization showed a tandem arrangement similar to other, previously described members of this family. The genomic organization of a previously undescribed repetitive DNA family is also reported. This family descriptor is the clone PUHU26. Hybridization of genomic DNA digested with Hindlll showed that sequences homologous to PUHU26 are tandemly organized. Genomic DNA cleaved with EcoRI revealed that a subpopulation of the PuHu26 family contains EcoRI restriction sites spaced at multiples of approximately 172 bp. iv
Efficacy of Beef Carcass Surface Trimming to Reduce or Eliminate Escherichia coli O157:H7 Surrogates from Subsequent Subprimals

Efficacy of Beef Carcass Surface Trimming to Reduce or Eliminate Escherichia coli O157:H7 Surrogates from Subsequent Subprimals. (December 2010) Brittany Anise Laster, B.S., Texas A&M University Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Jeffrey W. Savell Dr. Kerri B. Harris This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of trimming the original external carcass surfaces from subprimals during fabrication on the reduction of surrogates for Escherichia coli O157:H7. Carcass sides from five cattle (n = 10 sides) were inoculated along the pattern hide opening before entering the blast chill cooler with a gelatin slurry containing a bacterial cocktail of three rifampicin-resistant, nonpathogenic E. coli Biotype I strains. Following a 48 h chill, sides were fabricated to produce eight subprimals (brisket, chuck, clod, rib, bottom round, top sirloin, short loin, and inside round). Microbiological samples were taken from the original carcass fat surface area, initial lean surface area, trimmed fat surface area (where applicable), and trimmed lean surface area (where applicable). Trimming of the external fat surfaces reduced (P < 0.05) microbiological counts on the newly exposed lean surfaces of all eight subprimals during fabrication. However, these data also indicated that fat and lean surfaces that were not initially exposed to contamination became contaminated during the fabrication process. Trimming external surfaces reduces levels of pathogens, but
A Wideband suspended Microstrip Patch Antenna Miss

In this paper we propose a circularly polarized (CP) microstrip antenna on a suspended substrate with a coplanar capacitive feed and a slot within the rectangular patch. The antenna has an axial ratio bandwidth (< 3 dB) of 10.66%. The proposed antenna exhibits a much higher impedance bandwidth of about 32.12% (S11 < −10 dB) and also yields return loss better than −15 dB in the useful range of circular polarization. It has been found that this antenna offers higher directivity with good radiation properties required for GPS system and mobile applications. The resulting circular polarization bandwidth (with axial ratio ≤ 3 dB) has been found to meet that required for this application. The proposed antenna possesses a high gain of 6.0 dB overall the GPS (1575 MHz) and mobile (1800/1900 MHz) operation.
Identiﬁcation over encrypted Channels

Today’s techniques, when applied to traffic that is not hidden rely on the visibility of packet headers, port numbers and the protocol, and stateful reconstruction of sessions. These cues disappear when ssh, SSL or other tunneling mechanisms are used to hide traffic. Whether the hiding is legitimate or not, it is advantageous to identify information about encrypted traffic. Enterprises might proscribe service providers that either allow policy violations or cause a competitive disadvantage. Campus networks could desire to prevent games from clogging up the available bandwidth. From the point of view of a network provider, better classification and understanding of traffic could allow better traffic shaping. Entities interested in policy enforcement could also derive more meta data by such analysis.
Adapting Self-Report Altruism Scale to Measure Altruistic Behavior of Pre-service Teachersin Indonesia

-Altruistic behavior is one among other personality traits that teachers should possess but it is difficult to resist a temptation not to ask if altruism can be measured. Such has been runningfor decades in long lasting debatesandthere a polar opposite conclusion still exists. This research was conducted tosupport those who claim there is a place that altruism can be measured.In particular this was directed to standardize a Self -Report Altruism (SRA) scaleadapted fromthe original altruism measure of Rushton, Chrisjohn, and Fekken. The adaptation was essential to comply with the Indonesian context in the sphere of teaching profession and its validation was conducted in a five-step process, i.e. translating the scale followed by conceptual validation by a panel of judges, pilottingit out which involved limited respondents (N = 30). Following it, a standardization was made in which the instrument underwent severalactivities i.e. administered to bigger amount of respondents (N = 105), correlated with another measure of altruism (e.g. Carlo and Randall’s Prosocial Tendency Measure) to verify its concurrent validity (N = 51), then finallytested and retested for reliability assessment (N = 30). Datawere collected from students ofpre-service teacher program in English education. To standardize the adapted measure Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA)was applied to ensure whether it yielded high internal consistency and if all items were extracted from the underlying attributive constructs.The research reveals the following results (1) all items are significantly inter-correlated which shows high internal consistency (r = .920), (2) one item was dropped out due to validity reason, (3) based on EFA 6 factors were extracted, (3) the concurrent validity ismedium(r = 0.534), (4) the reliability coeficient after a 30-day-time interval showed high consistency (r = 0. 806). This means the adapted SRA scale is acceptable to measure altruistic behavior of Indonesian pre-service teachers. Keywords--altruism, pre-service teachers, Indonesia
PC BASED CONTROL SYSTEM OF A CALIBRATION BENCH FOR THE ATLAS EXPERIMENT

ATLAS is a particle detector that will be built at CERN in Geneva on the LHC accelerator. In the barrel, it is constituted of 600 chambers of few square meters, amongst other things. The relative position of a chamber within a triplet must be known with a spatial resolution of 30μm. To fulfil these requirements, different alignment systems have been designed. The PRAXIAL sensor that we have developed at Saclay is one of them and its goal is to measure the relative position of a chamber with respect to the neighbouring chambers. In order to reach the required precision, each PRAXIAL sensor must be individually calibrated. Since a chamber must be equipped with four (half) sensors, the total number of PRAXIAL to be calibrated will be 1250. After a short introduction on the experiment, the second part of this paper is devoted to the PRAXIAL alignment. The last part is related to the calibration bench: the hardware part and its associated software. 1 ATLAS, THE MUON DETECTOR AND THE ALIGNMENT PRINCIPLE Figure 1: The ATLAS detector and a muon chamber The ATLAS experiment, see Fig. 1, is a detector that will be installed on the LHC accelerator [1, 2, 3] at CERN [4]. The LHC will provide proton-proton interactions with a centre of mass energy of 14.10 eV. One of the physics goals of the experiment is to detect the Higgs particle. Despite the fact that its existence is crucial for the particle physics Standard Model, it has not yet been observed. The higgs particle may decay through two Z particles each decaying into two leptons: e.g. muons or electrons. Thus the muon channel is of particular importance. The momentum measurement in the ATLAS muon spectrometer aims at a precision of the order of 10% for muons of momentum 1 TeV. It proceeds from a sagitta measurement using triplets of precision drift chambers with a mean inter chamber distance of 5 meters. The target degree of accuracy for the precision chamber alignment is such that the alignment contribution to the final sagitta measurement error stays below the intrinsic chamber measurement error which contributes at a level of 50 μm. To fulfil this global precision one of the key element of the alignment system is the PRAXIAL system. Its measuring accuracy should be 30μm in translation and 50μrad in rotation. The initial positioning of the chambers and the possible chamber displacements during the life of the experiment drives the measuring range of each PRAXIAL sensor: –5mm and –5mrad.