Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Etude aéroacoustique de la détente d'un écoulement haute pression à travers des plaques perforées

Le bruit genere par la detente d'un ecoulement sous pression a travers des plaques multi-perforees ou des diaphragmes est etudie experimentalement. Cette analyse est menee sur deux configurations geometriques distinctes dans lesquelles la plaque perforee est placee a la sortie d'un conduit cylindrique (configuration de jet libre) ou a l'interieur de celui-ci (configuration de jet confine). Dans un premier temps, une etude parametrique acoustique est effectuee pour ces deux configurations en variant les caracteristiques geometriques des plaques perforees et les points de fonctionnement dans des regimes subsoniques et supersoniques. Les differentes sources de rayonnement pouvant apparaitre sur de tels systemes de detente, sont alors identifiees. Par ailleurs, les effets acoustiques de chacun des parametres geometriques sont mis en lumiere, offrant ainsi une aide a la conception silencieuse de tels systemes. Dans un second temps, l'interet est porte sur l'analyse de la composante a large bande dominante: le bruit de melange. Cette etude est menee sur la configuration de jet libre et s'appuie sur des visualisations strioscopiques ainsi que sur des mesures de velocimetrie par image de particules couplees a des acquisitions acoustiques en champ lointain. Dans le cas des diaphragmes, les differents resultats mettent en evidence des mecanismes sources du bruit de melange similaires a ceux observes dans la litterature pour les jets isoles issus de tuyeres. Le rayonnement a l'aval, dominant, est genere par l'interaction de grosses structures turbulentes coherentes a la fin du cone potentiel du jet, tandis que dans les autres directions, le bruit est genere par la turbulence de petite echelle dans les couches de cisaillement du jet.Pour les plaques multi-perforees, des mecanismes comparables sont egalement identifies. Neanmoins, selon la geometrie de ces plaques, deux zones sources distinctes du rayonnement aval sont identifiees favorisant l'apparition de deux bosses dans les spectres en champ lointain. Dans le cas de perforations eloignees, la bosse a plus haute frequence domine le spectre aval et l'interaction des grosses structures turbulentes se produit au niveau de la fin du cone potentiel des jets. Lorsque les perforations sont en revanche proches, c'est la bosse a basse frequence qui domine et l'interaction des grosses structures turbulentes coherentes semble se produire pres de la fin du cone potentiel du gros jet equivalent forme a l'aval a partir du melange de l'ensemble des jets issus des perforations. Dans les autres directions, l'espacement des perforations joue egalement un role important sur le rayonnement acoustique, du fait d'une interaction plus ou moins rapide des jets entre eux. Cela a alors pour effet de modifier les zones de cisaillement et en consequence le rayonnement acoustique de la meme maniere que dans la direction aval.
Adaptive evolution among cytoplasmic piRNA proteins leads to decreased genomic auto-immunity

In metazoan germlines, the piRNA pathway acts as a genomic immune system, employing small RNA-mediated silencing to defend host DNA from the harmful effects of transposable elements (TEs). Expression of genomic TEs is proposed to initiate self regulation by increasing the production of repressive piRNAs, thereby “adapting” piRNA-mediated control to the most active TE families. Surprisingly, however, piRNA pathway proteins, which execute piRNA biogenesis and enforce silencing of targeted sequences, evolve rapidly and adaptively in animals. If TE silencing is ensured through piRNA biogenesis, what necessitates changes in piRNA pathway proteins? Here we used interspecific complementation to test for functional differences between Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans alleles of three adaptively evolving piRNA pathway proteins: Armitage, Aubergine and Spindle-E. In contrast to piRNA-mediated transcriptional regulators examined in previous studies, these three proteins have cytoplasmic functions in piRNA maturation and post-transcriptional silencing. Across all three proteins we observed interspecific divergence in the regulation of only a handful of TE families, which were more robustly silenced by the heterospecific piRNA pathway protein. This unexpected result suggests that unlike transcriptional regulators, positive selection has not acted on cytoplasmic piRNA effector proteins to enhance their function in TE repression. Rather, TEs may evolve to “escape” silencing by host proteins. We further discovered that D. simulans alleles of aub and armi exhibit enhanced off-target effects on host transcripts in a D. melanogaster background, as well as modest reductions in the efficiency of piRNA biogenesis, suggesting that promiscuous binding of D. simulans Aub and Armi proteins to host transcripts reduces their participation in piRNA production. Avoidance of genomic auto-immunity may therefore be a critical target of selection. Our observations suggest that piRNA effector proteins are subject to an evolutionary trade-off between defending the host genome from the harmful effect of TEs while also minimizing collateral damage to host genes.
Piezoelectric Performance of Microcellular Polypropylene Foams Fabricated Using Foam Injection Molding as a Potential Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering

Abstract Piezoelectric properties and adequate porosity play important roles in bone tissue engineering. In this paper we describe the fabrication of piezoelectric polypropylene (PP) foam using injection molding to be utilized as a potential cost-effective scaffold for bone tissue engineering. One-side mechanical skin removal from the foam was used to investigate the effect of the solid skin on the piezoelectric performance. The microcellular structure, relative density, crystalline structure, mechanical properties, piezoelectric properties under repeated impact pressure and biocompatibility of the scaffolds were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water displacement method, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), uniaxial tension tests, piezoelectric tests and MTT assays, respectively. Uniform spherical cells, with an average size of 75 µm and a density of 1.23 × 106 cells/cm−3, suitable for bone regeneration, were imaged by SEM. The DSC results showed β crystals formation in the PP foam during the foaming process which would be valuable for mechanical properties. The foaming process did not reduce the mechanical properties significantly. The foaming process promoted the piezoelectric responses by 134, 922, and 87%, respectively, for the PP samples with 3, 2 and 1 mm thickness. The biocompatibility test suggested improved cellular biocompatibility by foaming. Overall, the results demonstrated the development of a cost-effective scaffold for tissue engineering.
Isolation and Identification of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degrading Bacteria from Polluted Top Soil Samples in Oxford, Pennsylvania

Petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria were isolated from two polluted sites in Oxford, Pennsylvania by enrichment techniques using Bushnell Hass medium. No isolate in this study utilized gasoline; however, two isolates utilized engine oil and three, utilized kerosene. Identification by Gram stain, morphological, biochemical, deoxyribonucleic acid and fatty acid methyl ester tests showed that three isolates were Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, one was Pseudomonas nitroreducens and the last was Achromobacterdenitrificans. This study corroborates that of other researchers that hydrocarbon degrading bacteria can be found in all types of contaminated and polluted environments; they can therefore be enriched and utilized for the remediation of oil polluted environments. We recommend that a culture bank for the collection and preservation of microorganisms specific for bioremediation be established to enable speedy access whenever cases of environmental pollution by oil products are reported.
Neurocomputational models of corticostriatal interactions in action selection

This thesis is concerned with understanding, at a neural level, the mechanisms involved in human action selection. These mechanisms are generally be held to involve both frontal and striatal processes. Here we therefore give a general overview of findings related to frontostriatal circuits, focusing on neurological, neuropsychological, neurobiological, and neurophysiological features. These findings should help constrain in both neural and psychological term. We start by analysing the gross anatomy of frontostriatal circuits, before briefly describing the neurobiological properties of those circuits, and examining how neuroimaging and neuropsychology join forces to explain how frontostriatal dysfunctions contribute to dysfunctional behaviour. The division of labour between cortex and basal ganglia in accomplishing higher order cognition is highlighted. We then proceed to illustrate several computational models of the basal ganglia, both as a neurophysiological set of nuclei, and as embedded in cognitive architectures that model, in addition, the contribution of the cortical areas. Gross neuroanatomy of frontostriatal circuits The basal ganglia are a set of subcortical nuclei sitting underneath the cortical mantle. They comprise the caudate and the putamen (dorsal striatum), the globus pallidus (divided into external and internal segments), the nucleus accumbens (part of the ventral striatum), the subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra further down in the midbrain (Fig. 1.1).
PGR5 is required for efficient Q cycle in the cytochrome b6f complex during cyclic electron flow

Proton Gradient Regulation 5 (PGR5) is involved in the control of photosynthetic electron transfer but its mechanistic role is not yet clear. Several models have been proposed to explain phenotypes such as a diminished steady state proton motive force (pmf) and increased photodamage of photosystem I (PSI). Playing a regulatory role in cyclic electron flow (CEF) around PSI, PGR5 contributes indirectly to PSI protection by enhancing photosynthetic control, which is a pH-dependent downregulation of electron transfer at the cytochrome b6f complex (b6f). Here, we re-evaluated the role of PGR5 in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and conclude that pgr5 possesses a dysfunctional b6f. Our data indicate that the b6f low-potential chain redox activity likely operated in two distinct modes – via the canonical Q cycle during linear electron flow and via an alternative Q cycle during CEF, attributing a ferredoxin-plastoquinone reductase activity to the b6f. The latter mode allowed efficient oxidation of the low-potential chain in the WT b6f. A switch between the two Q cycle modes was dependent of PGR5 and relied on unknown stromal electron carrier(s), which were a general requirement for b6f activity. In CEF-favouring conditions the electron transfer bottleneck in pgr5 was the b6f and insufficient flexibility in the low-potential chain redox tuning might account for the mutant pmf phenotype and the secondary consequences. Models of our findings are discussed. Significance statement The cytochrome b6f complex (b6f) is a plastoquinol (PQH2)-plastocyanin oxidoreductase, deprotonating PQH2 at the lumenal Qo-site while protonating plastoquinone (PQ) at the stromal Qi-site. These reactions require an evolutionary conserved electron bifurcation at Qo to drive the canonical Q cycle, making the b6f a major proton motive force (pmf) generator. Cyclic electron flow (CEF) between photosystem I (PSI) and b6f contributes to the pmf, enhances ATP production and protects PSI. Our data indicate that the pmf phenotype in pgr5 is linked to a diminished electrogenic capacity of the b6f, which is caused by an inefficient Q cycle. We provide evidence that during CEF an alternative Q cycle mode operates that requires PGR5 for sustained b6f function in the light.
URBANIZATION, OIL PRICE AND POLLUTION IN SAUDI ARABIA

Urbanization and income are usually supported by oil prices and revenues in the oil abundant countries. But, the environmental effect of urbanization and oil prices should not be ignored to ensure the sustainable growth of oil abundant economies. We investigate the role of urbanization and oil prices on the CO2 emissions per capita of Saudi Arabia using a period 1980-2014 and cointegration test. Urbanization has positive on the CO2 emissions per capita. So, a rapid and continues increasing urbanization throughout the sample period is found responsible for degrading the environment. Moreover, the oil price is also found responsible for increasing CO2 emissions in the long run but its effects are found insignificant in the short run. We recommend the Saudi economy to diversify from the oil sector to ensure clean environment.
Meta Distribution of the SIR in Moving Networks

Moving networks (MNs) with moving base stations (BSs) provide ubiquitous and constant services to cellular devices/user equipment (UEs) in 5-th generation systems. Moving BSs are mounted on top of vehicles. To describe the randomness of the BSs, a tractable stochastic geometry model for MNs is proposed. A definition of the conditional success probability and meta distribution (MD) of the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) for MNs is proposed. The MD is used to assess the benefits of MNs. In single-tier MNs with high mobility, we determine the moments of the conditional success probability given the point process for the calculation of the MD and the mean local delay. The results show that the mean local delay is finite and the variance is reduced to 0. A closed-form approximation of the variance is proposed for general mobility levels. Using the approximated variance, we propose a beta approximation of the MD. The single-tier model is then extended to a two-tier heterogeneous MN model. Tractable expressions of the mean success probability and the variance for both the overall network and the typical UE in each tier are obtained. They reveal that moving BSs can reduce the variance among UEs while keeping the mean success probability constant.
Early Rehabilitation with Minimal Invasive Surgery using Expert Tibia Nail (ETN) in Extraarticular Proximal Tibia Metaphyseal Fractures

Introduction: Extraarticular proximal tibia metaphyseal fractures are very common fractures along with soft tissue injuries. Aim of this study is to evaluate effectiveness of Expert Tibia Nail (ETN) for these fractures in view of early rehabilitation, soft tissue complications, radiological union and malalignment. Materials and Methods: A prospective study of 60 patients treated with ETN for extraarticular proximal tibia metaphyseal fractures from July 2013 to July 2016 at a tertiary care centre. The commonest deformity of apex anterior and valgus angulation was addressed with modification in surgical technique. Results: The commonest mode of injury in the study was RTA (60%). Johnerand wruh’s criteria was used to assess the functional outcome of patient, according to which out of 60 patients outcome were excellent in 41(68.33%), good in 10(16.67%), fair in 4(6.67%) and poor in 5(8.33%). Mean union time was 20.5 weeks. Nonunion and malalignment was seen in cases 5 each. Conclusion: With experience and good technique, the overall complication rates are quite low along with early weight bearing and union. It can be considered as an effective alternative technique for extraarticular proximal tibia metaphyseal fractures.
Phenotypic and genetic characterisation of an extended pustular psoriasis dataset

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Genotypic and phenotypic differences among phase-variable colony variants conserved across Gardnerella spp

The Gardnerella genus, now made up of more than 13 species, is associated with the polymicrobial disorder bacterial vaginosis (BV). However, the details of BV pathogenesis are poorly defined, and the contributions made by individual species are largely unknown. We report here that colony phenotypes characterized by size (large and small) and opacity (opaque and translucent) are phase variable and are conserved among all tested Gardnerella strains, representing at least ten different species. With the hypothesis that these different variants could be an important missing piece to the enigma of how BV develops in vivo, we characterized their differences. Beyond increased colony size, large colony variants (Lg) showed reduced vaginolysin secretion and faster growth rate relative to small colony variants (Sm). The ability to inhibit growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and commensal lactobacillus species varied by strain and in some instances differed between variants. Proteomics analyses indicate that 127-173 proteins are differentially expressed between variants. Further, whole genome sequencing analyses revealed an abundance of genes associated with variable poly-guanine tracts, implicating slipped strand mispairing in Gardnerella phase variation, and illuminating the potential for previously unrecognized variability within clonal populations. Collectively, these results suggest that colony variants may be primed to serve different roles in BV pathogenesis.
Species–area relationships on small islands differ among plant growth forms

AIM: We tested whether species–area relationships of small islands differ among plant growth forms and whether this influences the prevalence of the small‐island effect (SIE). The SIE states that species richness on small islands is independent of island area or relates to area in a different way compared with larger islands. We investigated whether island isolation affects the limits of the SIE and which environmental factors drive species richness on small islands. LOCATION: Seven hundred islands (< 100 km²) worldwide belonging to 17 archipelagos. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED: Angiosperms. METHODS: We applied linear and breakpoint species–area models for angiosperm species richness and for herb, shrub and tree species richness per archipelago separately, to test for the existence of SIEs. For archipelagos featuring the SIE, we calculated the island area at which the breakpoints occurred (breakpoint area) and used linear models to test whether the breakpoint areas varied with isolation. We used linear mixed‐effect models to discern the effects of seven environmental variables related to island area, isolation and other environmental factors on the species richness of each growth form for islands smaller than the breakpoint area. RESULTS: For 71% of all archipelagos, we found an SIE for total and herb species richness, and for 59% for shrub species richness and 53% for tree species richness. Shrub and tree species richness showed larger breakpoint areas than total and herb species richness. The breakpoint area was significantly positively affected by the isolation of islands within an archipelago for total and shrub species richness. Species richness on islands within the range of the SIE was differentially affected by environmental factors across growth forms. MAIN CONCLUSION: The SIE is a widespread phenomenon that is more complex than generally described. Different functional groups have different environmental requirements that shape their biogeographical patterns and affect species–area and, more generally, richness–environment relationships. The complexity of these patterns cannot be revealed when measuring overall plant species richness.
Foolishness without consequence? From physical to virtual modeling in the history of military aircraft development at Saab

From Jim March we learned that organizational intelligence demands adaptation to the needs of a distant future as well as the efficient use of resources in the present. Commitment to new ideas that deviate from norm is necessary for long-term adaptation, but comes with great uncertainty as to if when or how success will come. This article uses a historical study of military aircraft manufacturer Saab to explore the transition from experimenting with physical models and dangerous test flights in the development of rather simple aircraft systems, to the development of complex integrated aircraft systems using virtual models that can be tested in a simulated world, thereby postponing choice and the need for commitment of resources in the physical world. We show how modeling techniques and tools were developed over five generations of aircraft to help developers represent and evaluate alternative ideas, in an increasingly realistic virtual reality, thereby reducing material and fatal consequences in aircraft development. We distinguish hybrid forms of evaluation and a transition that seems to be moving in the direction of “virtual online evaluation,” where empirically informed simulation models, based on real flight data reduces the fidelity gap between reality and representation. Drawing upon a selection of Jim March’s writings, we speculate what this transition implies for learning from experience and the possibility of foolishness without consequence.
“Many hats one heart”: A scoping review on the professional identity of learning designers

Learning Designers are increasingly employed in universities to support institutional digital and pedagogical transformation agendas, which are posited to better meet the diverse and changing needs of a heterogeneous student body. Despite broad commitment to investing in these roles, surprisingly little is known about what learning designers in higher education actually do in practice. This paper reports on the preliminary findings of a scoping review that thematically analysed pertinent literature, to explore what is currently espoused about the professional identity of learning designers in higher education. The review identified 40 indicators of the knowledge, skills and attributes required of learning designers in the higher education sector. This research provides valuable insights for both individuals and institutions. The findings provide universities with an evidence-informed perspective of the learning designer, including an account of the unique capabilities of learning designers as transformative change agents to student learning. For individual learning designers the findings provide a comprehensive list of indicators to benchmark role responsibilities against, and a framework through which professional identity can be comprehended.
Identification of Microbial Agents Indifferent Parts of the Gastric Juice Company

Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 5 step 52 series production of gastric juice manufacturing factory sampling was performed before and after sterilization.Plate count method was used to measure microorganisms. If there is contamination of the culture media and biochemical tests for the detection of specific microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger and Salmonella spp. were used.