Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic input anomaly detection in interactive multimedia services

Multimedia services like Skype, WhatsApp, and Google Hangouts have strict Service Level Agreements (SLAs). These services attempt to address the root causes of SLA violations through techniques such as detecting anomalies in the inputs of the services. The key problem with current anomaly detection and handling techniques is that they can't adapt to service changes in real-time. In current techniques, historic data from prior runs of the service are used to identify anomalies in the service inputs like number of concurrent users, and system states like CPU utilization. These techniques do not evaluate the current impact of anomalies on the service. Thus, they may raise alerts and take corrective measures even if the detected anomalies do not cause SLA violations. Alerts are expensive to handle from a system and engineering support perspectives, and should be raised only if necessary. We propose a dynamic approach for handling service input and system state anomalies in multimedia services in real-time, by evaluating the impact of anomalies, independently and associatively, on the service outputs. Our proposed approach alerts and takes corrective measures like capacity allocations if the detected anomalies result in SLA violations. We implement our approach in a large-scale operational multimedia service, and show that it increases anomaly detection accuracy by 31%, reduces anomaly alerting false positives by 71%, false negatives by 69%, and enhances media sharing quality by 14%.
Congestive heart failure among children with acute leukemia: a population-based matched cohort study

Abstract The purpose was to describe the incidence and risk factors of congestive heart failure (CHF) among children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We included 2053 children (≤18 years) with first primary ALL and AML diagnosed 1992–2010 and registered in the Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario Networked Information System. We identified CHF events through linked administrative databases. At 10 years, the cumulative incidence of CHF was 1.7% in ALL and 7.5% in AML. Factors associated with CHF in ALL were female gender, age <1 year at cancer diagnosis, irradiation and cumulative anthracycline dose ≥250 mg/m2. Irradiation was the only risk factor in AML patients. Of the 23 patients with CHF during active therapy, one developed CHF following treatment completion. Incidence of CHF were 1.7% in ALL and 7.5% in AML. Most with CHF during active therapy did not develop CHF after treatment completion.
A dataset of head and eye movements for 360° videos

Research on visual attention in 360° content is crucial to understand how people perceive and interact with this immersive type of content and to develop efficient techniques for processing, encoding, delivering and rendering. And also to offer a high quality of experience to end users. The availability of public datasets is essential to support and facilitate research activities of the community. Recently, some studies have been presented analyzing exploration behaviors of people watching 360° videos, and a few datasets have been published. However, the majority of these works only consider head movements as proxy for gaze data, despite the importance of eye movements in the exploration of omnidirectional content. Thus, this paper presents a novel dataset of 360° videos with associated eye and head movement data, which is a follow-up to our previous dataset for still images [14]. Head and eye tracking data was obtained from 57 participants during a free-viewing experiment with 19 videos. In addition, guidelines on how to obtain saliency maps and scanpaths from raw data are provided. Also, some statistics related to exploration behaviors are presented, such as the impact of the longitudinal starting position when watching omnidirectional videos was investigated in this test. This dataset and its associated code are made publicly available to support research on visual attention for 360° content.
KREAP: an automated Galaxy platform to quantify in vitro re-epithelialization kinetics

Abstract Background In vitro scratch assays have been widely used to study the influence of bioactive substances on the processes of cell migration and proliferation that are involved in re-epithelialization. The development of high-throughput microscopy and image analysis has enabled scratch assays to become compatible with high-throughput research. However, effective processing and in-depth analysis of such high-throughput image datasets are far from trivial and require integration of multiple image processing and data extraction software tools. Findings We developed and implemented a kinetic re-epithelialization analysis pipeline (KREAP) in Galaxy. The KREAP toolbox incorporates freely available image analysis tools and automatically performs image segmentation and feature extraction of each image series, followed by automatic quantification of cells inside and outside the scratched area over time. The enumeration of infiltrating cells over time is modeled to extract three biologically relevant parameters that describe re-epithelialization kinetics. The output of the tools is organized, displayed, and saved in the Galaxy environment for future reference. Conclusions The KREAP toolbox in Galaxy provides an open-source, easy-to-use, web-based platform for reproducible image processing and data analysis of high-throughput scratch assays. The KREAP toolbox could assist a broad scientific community in the discovery of compounds that are able to modulate re-epithelialization kinetics.
Reproductive Outcomes Among Women with Eating Disorders or Disordered Eating Behavior: Does Methodological Approach Shape Research Findings?

BACKGROUND There is a well-documented link between eating disorders (EDs) and adverse health outcomes, including fertility difficulties. These findings stem largely from clinical data or samples using a clinical measure (e.g., diagnosis) of EDs, which may limit our understanding of how EDs or disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) shape female fertility. METHODS We compared reproductive outcomes from two longitudinal data sources, clinical and population-based data from the Utah Population Database (UPDB) (N = 6,046), and nonclinical community-based data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Young Adult Health (Add Health) (N = 5,951). We examined age at first birth using Cox regression and parity using negative binomial regression. RESULTS Using the UPDB data, women with diagnosed ED experienced later ages of first birth (hazard rate ratio [HRR] = 0.38; p < 0.01) and lower parity (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.38; p < 0.01) relative to women without EDs. Using the Add Health sample, women who self-reported DEB experienced earlier age of first birth (HRR = 1.16; p < 0.05) and higher parity (IRR = 1.17; p < 0.01) relative to women without DEB. CONCLUSIONS Conflicting results suggest two sets of mechanisms, physical/biological (sex specific) and social/behavioral (gender specific), may be simultaneously shaping the reproductive outcomes of women with histories of EDs or DEB. Discipline-specific methodology likely shapes Women's Health research outcomes.
Decent work, work motivation and psychological capital: An empirical research.

BACKGROUND The Decent Work (DW) concept, proposed by the International Labour Organization, can be enriched by the contributions of a Work, Organizational and Personnel Psychology (WOPP) perspective. Namely, it would be important to relate DW perceptions to the main concepts in the WOPP realm. Understanding these relations would expand our knowledge of the nomological network of the DW concept and of its practical implications. OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationships between DW, work motivation and psychological capital among knowledge workers in Portugal and Brazil. METHODS The Decent Work Questionnaire (DWQ), a previously validated measure of 7 dimensions of DW from a WOPP perspective, the Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale (MWMS), and the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) were administered to 2912 knowledge workers. Relations among concepts were analyzed by canonical correlation analyses and linear regression. RESULTS The DW dimension Fulfilling and Productive Work was positively associated with intrinsic and identified work motivation, and negatively with amotivation. A second significant canonical variate related (negatively) Social Protection (DW dimension) to extrinsic material work motivation. Results from regression analysis support the idea that DW promotes psychological capital. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that DW is an important predictor of work motivation and psychological capital. Practical implications for human resources management are presented.
Learning to Detect Pathogenic Microorganism of Community-acquired Pneumonia

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major death cause for children, requiring an early administration of appropriate antibiotics to cure it. To achieve this, accurate detection of pathogenic microorganism is crucial, especially for reducing the abuse of antibiotics. Conventional gold standard detection methods are mainly etiology based, incurring high cost and labor intensity. Although recently electronic health records (EHRs) become prevalent and widely used, their power for automatically determining pathogenic microorganism has not been investigated. In this paper, we formulate a new problem for automatically detecting pathogenic microorganism of CAP by considering patient biomedical features from EHRs, including time-varying body temperatures and common laboratory measurements. We further develop a Patient Attention based Recurrent Neural Network (PA-RNN) model to fuse different patient features for detection. We conduct experiments on a real dataset, demonstrating utilizing electronic health records yields promising performance and PA-RNN outperforms several alternatives.
The Chief Information Officer and Chief Financial Officer Dyad in the Public Sector: How an Effective Relationship Impacts Individual Effectiveness and Strategic Alignment

ABSTRACT: Within the domain of Information Technology Governance (ITG), the study of Chief Information Officer (CIO) relationships has historically focused on the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the Top Management Team (TMT). Within knowledge-intensive, publicly funded, and not-for-profit organizations, the specific relationship between the CIO and the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) is a critical pairing, which impacts both individual effectiveness and strategic alignment. Findings from multiple case studies suggest that while the CIO and CFO pair are similar to other TMT relationships in many ways, their perceptions of the other's strategic role within the organization is a key differentiator that can lead to effective or adversarial relationships with individual and firm-level outcomes. The research model in this paper suggests that when the relationship is positive, both individual role effectiveness and strategic alignment improve.
Migration of human mesenchymal stem cells stimulated with pulsed electric field and the dynamics of the cell surface glycosylation

The objective of our study was to develop novel techniques for investigations of cell motility, and to assess whether the electric field of the therapeutic spinal cord stimulation system used in vivo contributes to the migration of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro. We have investigated electrotaxis of bone marrow-derived MSCs using pulsed electric field (PEF) in range 16-80 mV/mm and frequency 130 Hz and 240 Hz. The PEF-related dynamics of the cell surface glycosylation was evaluated using six plant lectins. PEF at physiological levels (10mV/mm; 130 Hz) did not influence cellular motility in vitro, what may correspond to the maintenance of the transplanted cells at the lesion site in vivo. Increase of the PEF intensity and frequency above physiological levels resulted in the increase in the cellular migration rate in vitro. PEF elevated above physiological intensity and frequency (40-80 mV/mm; 240 Hz), but not at physiological levels, resulted in changes of the cell surface glycosylation. We find the described approach as convenient for investigations and for the in vitro modeling of the cellular systems intended for the regenerative cell transplantations in vivo. Probing cell surface glycomes may provide valuable biomarkers to assess competence of transplanted cells.
Vitamin D Regulation of the Uridine Phosphorylase 1 Gene and Uridine-Induced DNA Damage in Colon in African Americans and European Americans.

BACKGROUND & AIMS African Americans have the greatest colorectal cancer (CRC) burden in the United States; interethnic differences in protective effects of vitamin D might contribute to disparities. 1α,25(OH)2D3 vitamin D (the active form of vitamin D) induces transcription of the uridine phosphorylase gene (UPP1) in colon tissues of European Americans but to a lesser extent in colon tissues of African Americans. UPP1-knockout mice have increased intestinal concentrations of uridine and Deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP), have increased uridine-induced DNA damage, and develop colon tumors. We studied 1α,25(OH)2D3 regulation of UPP1 and uridine-induced DNA damage in the colon and differences in these processes between African and European Americans. METHODS We quantified expression and activity of UPP1 in response to 1α,25(OH)2D3 in young adult mouse colonic cells, human CRC cells (LS174T), and organoids (derived from rectosigmoid biopsy samples of healthy individuals undergoing colonoscopies) using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoblot, and immunocytochemistry assays. Binding of the vitamin D receptor to UPP1 was tested by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Uridine-induced DNA damage was measured by fragment-length analysis in repair enzyme assays. Allele-specific 1α,25(OH)2D3 responses were tested using luciferase assays. RESULTS Vitamin D increased levels of UPP1 mRNA, protein, and enzymatic activity and increased vitamin D receptor binding to the UPP1 promoter in young adult mouse colonic cells, LS174T cells, and organoids. 1α,25(OH)2D3 significantly reduced levels of uridine and uridine-induced DNA damage in these cells, which required UPP1 expression. Organoids derived from colon tissues of African Americans expressed lower levels of UPP1 after exposure to 1α,25(OH)2D3 and had increased uridine-induced DNA damage compared with organoids derived from tissues of European Americans. Luciferase assays with the T allele of single nucleotide polymorphism rs28605337 near UPP1, which is found more frequently in African Americans than European Americans, expressed lower levels of UPP1 after exposure to 1α,25(OH)2D3 than assays without this variant. CONCLUSIONS We found vitamin D to increase expression of UPP1, leading to reduce uridine-induced DNA damage, in colon cells and organoids. A polymorphism in UPP1 found more frequently in African Americans than European Americans reduced UPP1 expression upon cell exposure to 1α,25(OH)2D3. Differences in expression of UPP1 in response to vitamin D could contribute to the increased risk of CRC in African Americans.
A copula model for joint modeling of longitudinal and time‐invariant mixed outcomes

Motivated by a preclinical study in a mouse model of breast cancer, we suggest a joint modeling framework for outcomes of mixed type and measurement structures (longitudinal versus single time/time‐invariant). We present an approach based on the time‐varying copula models, which is used to jointly model longitudinal outcomes of mixed types via a time‐varying copula, and extend the scope of these models to handle outcomes with mixed measurement structures. Our framework allows the parameters corresponding to the longitudinal outcome to be time varying and thereby enabling researchers to investigate how the response‐predictor relationships change with time. We investigate the finite sample performance of this new approach via a Monte Carlo simulation study and illustrate its usefulness by an empirical analysis of the motivating preclinical study, comparing the effect of various treatments on tumor volume (longitudinal continuous response) and the number of days until tumor volume triples (time‐invariant count response). Through the real‐life application and the simulation study, we demonstrate that, compared with marginal modeling, the joint modeling framework offers more precision in the estimation of model parameters.
Should I Follow the Crowd?: A Probabilistic Analysis of the Effectiveness of Popularity in Recommender Systems

The use of IR methodology in the evaluation of recommender systems has become common practice in recent years. IR metrics have been found however to be strongly biased towards rewarding algorithms that recommend popular items "the same bias that state of the art recommendation algorithms display. Recent research has confirmed and measured such biases, and proposed methods to avoid them. The fundamental question remains open though whether popularity is really a bias we should avoid or not; whether it could be a useful and reliable signal in recommendation, or it may be unfairly rewarded by the experimental biases. We address this question at a formal level by identifying and modeling the conditions that can determine the answer, in terms of dependencies between key random variables, involving item rating, discovery and relevance. We find conditions that guarantee popularity to be effective or quite the opposite, and for the measured metric values to reflect a true effectiveness, or qualitatively deviate from it. We exemplify and confirm the theoretical findings with empirical results. We build a crowdsourced dataset devoid of the usual biases displayed by common publicly available data, in which we illustrate contradictions between the accuracy that would be measured in a common biased offline experimental setting, and the actual accuracy that can be measured with unbiased observations.
Life‐history traits buffer against heat wave effects on predator–prey dynamics in zooplankton

In addition to an increase in mean temperature, extreme climatic events, such as heat waves, are predicted to increase in frequency and intensity with climate change, which are likely to affect organism interactions, seasonal succession, and resting stage recruitment patterns in terrestrial as well as in aquatic ecosystems. For example, freshwater zooplankton with different life‐history strategies, such as sexual or parthenogenetic reproduction, may respond differently to increased mean temperatures and rapid temperature fluctuations. Therefore, we conducted a long‐term (18 months) mesocosm experiment where we evaluated the effects of increased mean temperature (4°C) and an identical energy input but delivered through temperature fluctuations, i.e., as heat waves. We show that different rotifer prey species have specific temperature requirements and use limited and species‐specific temperature windows for recruiting from the sediment. On the contrary, co‐occurring predatory cyclopoid copepods recruit from adult or subadult resting stages and are therefore able to respond to short‐term temperature fluctuations. Hence, these different life‐history strategies affect the interactions between cyclopoid copepods and rotifers by reducing the risk of a temporal mismatch in predator–prey dynamics in a climate change scenario. Thus, we conclude that predatory cyclopoid copepods with long generation time are likely to benefit from heat waves since they rapidly “wake up” even at short temperature elevations and thereby suppress fast reproducing prey populations, such as rotifers. In a broader perspective, our findings suggest that differences in life‐history traits will affect predator–prey interactions, and thereby alter community dynamics, in a future climate change scenario.
Hypotension within 1 week of life associated with poor short- and long-term outcomes in very low birth weight infants

Abstract We examined whether hypotension in very low birth weight infants aged⩽1 week was associated with hospital morbidities and overall mortality. Further, we studied whether hypotension was associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcomes in these patients at the corrected age of 18 months. A total of 166 very low birth weight infants were studied during this period. Hospital outcomes and neurodevelopmental outcomes at the corrected age of 18 months were evaluated. Among the 166 very low birth weight infants, 95 patients (57.2%) experienced hypotension at⩽1 week and were associated with an increased incidence of morbidities and mortality. At the corrected age of 18 months, hypotension of the⩽1 week group had significantly lower scores in all three – cognitive, language, and motor – composites of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) screening tests. In addition, a multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that longer mechanical ventilation and periventricular leukomalacia were additionally associated with worse cognitive and language neurodevelopmental outcomes. Hypotension in very low birth weight infants within 1 week of life was associated with increased morbidities and overall mortality. It was also associated with an increased risk of cognitive and language outcomes.
Fusion in Information Retrieval: SIGIR 2018 Half-Day Tutorial

Fusion is an important and central concept in Information Retrieval. The goal of fusion methods is to merge different sources of information so as to address a retrieval task. For example, in the adhoc retrieval setting, fusion methods have been applied to merge multiple document lists retrieved for a query. The lists could be retrieved using different query representations, document representations, ranking functions and corpora. The goal of this half day, intermediate-level, tutorial is to provide a methodological view of the theoretical foundations of fusion approaches, the numerous fusion methods that have been devised and a variety of applications for which fusion techniques have been applied.
Geometric classification of brain network dynamics via conic derivative discriminants

Over the past decade, pattern decoding techniques have granted neuroscientists improved anatomical specificity in mapping neural representations associated with function and cognition. Dynamical patterns are of particular interest, as evidenced by the proliferation and success of frequency domain methods that reveal structured spatiotemporal rhythmic brain activity. One drawback of such approaches, however, is the need to estimate spectral power, which limits the temporal resolution of classification. We propose an alternative method that enables classification of dynamical patterns with high temporal fidelity. The key feature of the method is a conversion of time-series into their temporal derivatives. By doing so, dynamically-coded information may be revealed in terms of geometric patterns in the phase space of the derivative signal. We derive a geometric classifier for this problem which simplifies into a straightforward calculation in terms of covariances. We demonstrate the relative advantages and disadvantages of the technique with simulated data and benchmark its performance with an EEG dataset of covert spatial attention. By mapping the weights anatomically we reveal a retinotopic organization of covert spatial attention. We especially highlight the ability of the method to provide strong group-level classification performance compared to existing benchmarks, while providing information that is synergistic to classical spectral-based techniques. The robustness and sensitivity of the method to noise is also examined relative to spectral-based techniques. The proposed classification technique enables decoding of dynamic patterns with high temporal resolution, performs favorably to benchmark methods, and facilitates anatomical inference.