Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
World of earthworms with pesticides and insecticides

Abstract Earthworms are important organisms in soil communities and are known for sustaining the life of the soil. They are used as a model organism in environmental risk assessment of chemicals and soil toxicology. Soil provides physical and nutritive support to agriculture system by regulating biogeochemical cycles, nutrient cycle, waste degradation, organic matter degradation etc. The biggest threat to soil health are pesticides and synthetic chemicals including fertilizers. Earthworms are most severely hit by these xenobiotic compounds leading to a sizeable reduction of their population and adversely affecting soil fertility. Earthworms are incredible soil organisms playing a crucial role in maintaining soil health. Pesticides used in crop management are known to be most over-purchased and irrationally used soil toxicants, simultaneously, used insecticides contribute to a quantum of damage to earthworms and other non-target organisms. LC50 and LD50 studies revealed that earthworms are highly susceptible to insecticides causing immobility, rigidity and also show a significant effect on biomass reduction, growth and reproduction by disrupting various physiological activities leading to loss of earthworm population and soil biodiversity.
Fast food consumption behaviors in high-school students based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)

Background: Studies report inappropriate snack and junk food consumption patterns in children and young adults in Iran. The current survey was aimed to explore fast food consumption behaviors in high-school students based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 500 high-school students. Samples were selected based on cluster sampling method at first and simple random at second. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. To analyze, SPSS-16 and tests, including t-test, Chi-square, correlation coefficient and multiple regressions were used. Results: The monthly frequency of fast food consumption was 4.01. The TPB explained fast food use behaviors with R2 of 0.6, effectively. Results also represented that frequency of fast food consumption was meaningfully in line with behavioral intention (β = 0.60, P < 0.05) and subjective norms (β = 0.17, P < 0.05). Conclusion: It seems likely beneficial to consider important subjective norms (especially friends) that may strongly effect on high-school student intention to use fast food. Also students perceived behavioral control must be increased.
Renal expression and urinary excretion of liver‐type fatty acid‐binding protein in cats with renal disease

Abstract Background Liver‐type fatty acid‐binding protein (L‐FABP) is a biomarker for early detection of renal disease in humans. Liver‐type fatty acid‐binding protein is cytotoxic oxidation products secreted from proximal tubules under ischemia and oxidative stress. Objective To examine renal expression and quantify urinary excretion of L‐FABP in catswith renal disease. Animals One hundred and thirty‐four client‐owned cats including 34 cats with serum creatinine (sCre) values >1.6 mg/dL and 10 other cats that died in clinics. Methods Tissue expressions of L‐FABP were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Urinary L‐FABP (uL‐FABP) and serum L‐FABP (sL‐FABP) levels were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Anti‐liver‐type fatty acid‐binding protein antibody immunostained renal sections. Results Feline kidneys express L‐FABP. Strong L‐FABP signals were observed in the lumens of proximal tubular cells in 5 cats with high uL‐FABP excretion, but not in 5 cats with low uL‐FABP excretion. In 9 normal cats, uL‐FABP index was <1.2 μg/g urinary creatinine (uCre). High uL‐FABP indexes (>10.0 μg/g uCre) were detected in 7 of 100 cats with low sCre (<1.6 mg/dL) and 18 of 44 cats with high sCre (>1.6 mg/dL). There was a weak correlation between L‐FABP index and sCre, serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), or blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and these correlation coefficients were increased by analyzing only data of cats with sCre >1.6 mg/dL. There was a weak correlation between u L‐FABP index and sL‐FABP in all tested cats, but not in cats with high sCre. Conclusions and Clinical Importance This study demonstrates correlations between L‐FABP and current renal biomarkers for chronic kidney disease in cats, such as sCre and SDMA. Liver‐type fatty acid‐binding protein may be a potential biomarker to predict early pathophysiological events in feline kidneys.
Rural women’s empowerment in nutrition: a proposal for diagnostics linking food, health and institutions1

This paper explores the concept of women’s nutritional empowerment and develops a framework for operationalizing it. The paper specifically focuses on the nutritional outcomes of women themselves, rather than on their children. The emphasis on nutritional empowerment addresses an important gap in both literature and policy practice relating to gender equality, agriculture and food security. Interventions to enhance agricultural productivity and food production do not always translate into improved nutritional outcomes. Further, agricultural interventions claiming to promote the economic empowerment of women but focusing exclusively on income-generating opportunities may inadvertently increase their work burden (both paid and unpaid) and undermine their health and nutrition. The proposed framework includes the domains of food, health, and institutions and articulates their multiple linkages. Both paid and unpaid work are important mediating factors in these interactions. We aim to identify specific individual constraints as well as broader structural factors that may prevent rural women from achieving adequate nutritional outcomes and to develop tools to assess the relative weight of these factors in different contexts. The analysis draws on quantitative and qualitative data from Bangladesh and India but, with further validation, could have wider applicability. We hope this exercise could provide the basis for a first-cut of a gender and nutrition diagnostic tool to support efforts to promote welltargeted policies for nutritional security, specifically of rural women. 1This paper was written as a contribution to the Expert Group Meeting on the priority theme of the 66th Session of the Commission on the Status of Women (CSW 66) “Challenges and opportunities in achieving gender equality and the empowerment of rural women and girls” organized by UN Women in collaboration with the FAO, IFAD and WFP in Rome, on 20-22 September 2017. It draws on an ongoing project aimed at constructing a Women in Nutrition Empowerment Index (WENI) supported by Competitive Research Grants to Develop Innovative Methods and Metrics for Agriculture and Nutrition Actions (IMMANA Grants), an initiative funded with UK aid from the British people, and a Policy Research Institute grant from the LBJ School, UT Austin. We thank Sweta Bhushan, Ghida Ismail, Mohit Sharma, Udayan Rathore, and Tiffany Wang for assistance and Ruth Meinzen-Dick, Anuradha De and participants at the EGM for valuable discussions and comments. 2 Sudha Narayanan is Associate Professor, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR), Mumbai, India; Marzia Fontana is an independent researcher based in Brighton, UK; Erin Lentz is Assistant Professor at the Lyndon B Johnson School of Public Affairs, University of Texas, Austin, USA; Bharati Kulkarni is Senior Grade Deputy Director at the National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India.
Examining the Impact of E-Procurement in Ukraine

This paper examines the impact of Ukraine’s ambitious procurement reform on outcomes amongst a set of procurements that used competitive tendering. The ProZorro system placed all of the country’s government procurement online, introduced an auction approach as the default procurement method, and extended transparency. The reform was introduced with a dramatic increase in the proportion of government procurement that was conducted competitively. This paper examines the impact of ProZorro and reform on contracts that were procured competitively both prior to and after the introduction of the new system. It finds some evidence of impact of the new system on increasing the number of bidders, cost savings, and reduced contracting times. www.cgdev. org Artur Kovalchuk, Charles Kenny, and Mallika Snyder
A genetic algorithm-based method for solving multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem in uncertain environment

Article history: Received: August 12 2019 Received in revised format: December 27 2019 Accepted: January 31 2020 Available online: January 31 2020 Project scheduling models with resource constraints and multi-mode activities aims to create a schedule for carrying out activities considering precedence constraints and available resources in order to minimize the project duration. In the real world, we face uncertainty related to projects, where there are no historical data, hence, we should rely on the experts' judgements to estimate activity durations. For this purpose, in this paper, the 99-simulation method is used to deal with uncertainty. The exact mathematical programming model is presented in this paper and the hybrid algorithm based on Genetic Algorithm is used to solve this type of project scheduling problem which finds the near-optimal solution in a short computational time. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is examined with a numerical example. © 2020 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada.
An assessment of the changes in the distribution and abundance of marine species in the OSPAR maritime area in relation to changes in hydrodynamics

ICES examined long-term datasets available to scientists working in its expert groups. The main conclusions are that oceanographic conditions do influence the marine biota in the OSPAR Maritime Area, and that oceanographic conditions are changing. There was evidence to support this in both the narrative and the analytical information examined by ICES for all OSPAR Regions. Effects of climate change varied from weak to very strong, particularly when environmental conditions were exceptionally cold or warm.
STUDY OF TOTAL SEED PROTEINS PATTERN OF SESAME (SESAMUM INDICUM L.) LANDRACES VIA SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECROPHORESIS (SDS-PAGE)

The sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) germplasm, comprising of 105 accessions was characterized for total seed storage proteins using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The germplasm was collected from diverse agro-ecological regions of Pakistan. To our information, no studies have yet been carried out in Pakistan on the genetic evaluation of sesame genotypes based on total seed protein. Total seed proteins were electrophoretically separated on 12% polyacrylamide gels by standard protocols. A total of 20 polypeptide bands were observed, of which 14 (70%) were polymorphic and 6 (30%) were monomorphic, with molecular weight ranging from 13.5 to 100 kDa. Six bands i.e., 7, 11, 12, 15, 16 and 18 were common in all genotypes. Similarity coefficients varied from 0.50 to 1.00. The dendrogram based on dissimilarity matrix using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) separated all sesame accessions into three main groups i.e., A, B, C, comprising 89, 14 and 2 genotypes, respectively. Overall a low to medium level of genetic variability was observed for SDS-PAGE (single dimension). As SDS-PAGE alone did not reveal high level of genetic variability, hence 2-D gel electrophoresis along with other advanced type DNA markers and more number of sesame accessions from all over the country are recommended for the future genetic evaluation. Our investigation will significantly support the classification, development, genetic evaluation and conservation of sesame germplasm in Pakistan.
Implementation of Developmental Screening by Childcare Providers

Early identification of young children at developmental risk is important for linkage to needed services. Yet, despite guidelines for developmental screening, many pediatricians do not systematically use screening tools. Because many young children spend time in childcare settings, conducting screening in these settings may improve rates of early identification. Surveys were sent to 356 childcare providers who attended brief developmental screening training to determine practices and perceptions related to implementation of screening in the childcare setting. A 51.7% useable response rate was obtained. A majority of respondents strongly agreed that developmental screening should be conducted in childcare centers, that it is important for staff to discuss developmental concerns with parents and to link children with concerns to resources, and that their center director supported use of the screening tool. Several attitudes both about developmental screening and about organizational support had a positive and significant relationship with current use and intended future use of developmental screening tools. Findings suggest that even brief staff training may positively impact screening attitudes and practices, although follow-up technical assistance may result in fuller, more effective implementation.
Effect of brewing material and various additives on polyphenolic composition and antioxidant bioactivity of commercial Tilia platyphyllos Scop. infusions

Herbal infusions have become very popular due to their pleasant flavor as well as their positive influence on health. The compositions of such infusions are affected by the extraction technique, duration, additives as well as container materials. This study implements comparison of antioxidant activities and phenolic contents of the infusions commercially purchased Tilia platyphyllos Scop. samples, one of the most preferred herbal infusions worldwide, prepared by using teapots with different materials. Antioxidant potencies of the samples were examined using tests with different mechanisms such as free radical scavenging test (DPPH), metal-related activity tests (CUPRAC, FRAP). On account of assessing the phenolic profile, total phenol, phenolic acid and flavonoid contents were estimated spectrophotometrically. In addition, the presence of protocatechuic acid in the extracts was investigated by HPTLC densitometry (between 0.762-1.037 w/w%). Besides, antioxidant activities (DPPH, CUPRAC and TOAC) of the extracts were re-calculated after addition of natural/synthetic sweeteners, brown and white sugar, lemon, flower and pine honeys to the infusions. Results showed that the highest total antioxidant capacity was seen on Tiliae infusions prepared in ceramic teapot (672.80±1.40 mg AAE/g DE). Moreover, stevioside addition enhanced DPPH radical scavenging of Tiliae extracts (2781.76±44.38 EC50 in μg/mL). This is the first report related with comparison of these brewing materials and additives in respect to their phenolic content and antioxidant activity of herbal teas.
Machine Learning Methods for Detection of Epileptic Seizures with Long-Term Wearable Devices

The detection of epileptic seizures plays a major role in patient safety and therapy. Although several research projects on mobile seizure detection have already been conducted, there are still no approaches that are able to reliably detect different seizure types in the home environment. The challenge lies in the variety of symptoms of certain seizure types. The present research describes the project EPItect, which aims to detect epileptic seizures with the help of an In-Ear sensor and to set up a networking infrastructure to exchange medical data between relevant actors. We contribute a machine learning framework for the detection of epileptic seizures and exemplify the application using the example of detection of Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures using acceleration data from the In-Ear sensor. Keywords–Epilepsy; Seizures; EPItect; SUDEP; Automated seizure detection; Wearables; IHE; HL7; Accelerometer; Classification; k-NN.
Word Clustering for Historical Newspapers Analysis

This paper is a part of a collaboration between computer scientists and historians aimed at development of novel tools and methods to improve analysis of historical newspapers. We present a case study of ideological terms ending with -ism suffix in nineteenth century Finnish newspapers. We propose a two-step procedure to trace differences in word usages over time: training of diachronic embeddings on several time slices and when clustering embeddings of selected words together with their neighbours to obtain historical context. The obtained clusters turn out to be useful for historical studies. The paper also discuss specific difficulties related to development historian-oriented tools.
Assemblages of freshwater snail's community in the Aghien lagoon in relation to environmental variables (Côte d’Ivoire; West Africa)

We studied the dynamic of aquatic snail's populations in relation to environmental variables in the Aghien lagoon. Snails and physicochemical variables were sampled monthly from July 2014 to June 2015 at eleven sampling site. Samplings were performed by the kick sampling technique and Van Veen Grab methods. A total of 1316 individuals divided into 16 taxa belonging to 4 orders and 10 families were identified. Stations located on the banks were more diversified. Taxa such as Melanoïdes tuberculata, Indoplanorbis exustus and Lymnaea natalensis have appeared frequently in all stations. The stations located on the longitudinal axis of the lagoon are characterized by Thiaridae such as Potadoma liricincta, Pachymelania fusca, Pachymelania byronensis. The canonical correspondence analysis revealed that turbidity, pH and phosphorus strongly influenced the distribution of snail in the study sites. Three invasive species, Aplexa marmorata, Indoplanorbis exustus and Melanoïdes tuberculata were reported. Several surveyed species in our basins are important intermediary host of parasites, particularly Planorbidae Indoplanorbis exustus who constituted potential risk to public health.
THE FUTURE OF FOOD AND CHALLENGES FOR AGRICULTURE IN THE 21st CENTURY:

Rural landscapes in Europe are changing due to the globalization of the food system, new policies like the CAP (Common Agriculture Policy) and evolving rural lifestyles, among others. These changes are remarkable in mountain areas where traditional activities that contribute to food sovereignty are threatened by industrial production systems. In this context, it becomes critical to assess the socio-ecological and nutritional benefits of traditional food systems like extensive sheep grazing in order to ensure their contribution to a sustainable food system. Using as a case study Aralar (Basque Country), this article analyzes the contribution of traditional mountain sheep grazing to rural development, the provision of high quality food and biodiversity conservation. With this aim we develop a multi-criteria evaluation system that integrates socio-economic (e.g. employment, added value, profitability) and ecological (e.g. biodiversity conservation, soil quality) indicators. This evaluation system allows the assessment of future scenarios from multiple perspectives and contributes to better understand the performance of this complex socio-ecological system under global and local changing conditions.
MEANING – ITS NATURE AND ASSESSMENT: THE GENERAL APPROACH AND THE SPECIFIC CASE OF BODY IMAGE

The purpose is to introduce the theory, applications and assessment of a new conception of meaning and to illustrate one of its empirical applications by means of the multi-dimensional questionnaire of the body image. The first part is devoted to meaning. Meaning is often regarded as an elusive and subjective construct. The meaning theory of Kreitler and Kreitler provides a new way of defining the nature of meaning and exploring how it affects our cognitive and emotional functioning, our personality tendencies, and our worldview and construction of reality. This approach complements and expands previous approaches to meaning in psychology and other disciplines. It is based on characterizing contents in terms of the provided information and the manner of expression. It is based on a very large body of empirical studies. The major concepts of the meaning theory are meaning system, referent, meaning value, meaning unit and meaning variables. The assessment technique enables assessing meaning of different kinds (e.g., verbal and nonverbal), and identifying meaning assignment tendencies of individuals of different ages. Applications of the meaning system include clarifying constructs, exploring the underlying dynamics and constituents of personality traits and cognitive acts, comparing worldviews of different groups and producing changes in states of consciousness. The second part is devoted to describing a particular application of the meaning system to the dimensional assessment of the body image. The questionnaire, its characteristics and applications are described.
Elastic Deformation Mechanics of Cellulose Nanocrystals

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) have great potential for polymer nanocomposite materials. However, a fundamental understanding of the CNC properties and their role in composite property enhancement is not currently available. To address this issue, we are developing atomic force microscopy (AFM) protocols combined with molecular dynamics (MD) and continuum modeling techniques that enable characterization of individual CNCs. AFM can be used to measure topography, pull-off force, stiffness and bending of CNCs, which are then related using the models to physical, chemical, mechanical and deformation properties, respectively. This paper outlines the development of a fully atomistic model of an individual CNC and its validation by comparison of predicted geometric, energetic, and elastic properties of the material to previous modeling results and experimental measurements.
Security Issues of Network Mobility (NEMO) with Tor Architecture

— In this paper we discuss NEMO-BSP protocol and TOR architecture. NEMO protocol was initially not designed to handle anonymity of TOR architecture. Due to some of the unique feature of TOR architecture, the use of TOR architecture has been rapidly increased these days. TOR architecture provides anonymity which other network architectures failed to provides. When using a TOR a user feels safe and has no issue of tracking and packet tracing. Therefore whenever a NEMO user uses TOR architecture there are much vulnerability in network. In this paper we outline those security issues in details which arise when a NEMO user uses TOR architecture. We hope in future those issues will be solved and implemented in future so that a user not only remains anonymous while using TOR but also remains secure from various types of vulnerabilities.