Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of a magnetic catheter with rotating multi-magnets to achieve unclogging motions with enhanced steering capability

We developed a novel magnetic catheter structure that can selectively generate steering and unclogging motions. The proposed magnetic catheter is composed of a flexible tube and two modules with ring magnets that can axially rotate in a way that enables the catheter to independently steer and unclog blood clots by controlling external magnetic fields. We mathematically modeled the deflection of the catheter using the large deflection Euler-Bernoulli beam model and developed a design method to determine the optimal distance between magnets in order to maximize steering performance. Finally, we prototyped the proposed magnetic catheter and conducted several experiments to verify the theoretical model and assess its steering and unclogging capabilities.
Standards for electric vehicle charging stations in India: A review

This review paper examines the types of electric vehicle charging station (EVCS), its charging methods, connector guns, modes of charging, and testing and certification standards, and the current status of Indian standards with respect to international standards. The paper also discusses key challenges in the standardization of EVCS worldwide and provides recommendations. It is recommended to use the combined charging system (CCS) charging methodology which will cater to the electric vehicle (EV) market in the country as well as abroad and help promote faster adoption of EVs. With many advantages with CCS charging methodology such as single connector, both AC and DC charging, high power capacity, promoted by a large number of EV manufacturers across the globe, etc., it is recommended to use CCS charging methodology. CHArge de MOve (CHAdeMO) is the only charging methodology having a vehicle to grid (V2G) functionality that can be made compatible with local grid codes which can support the grid during peak load demand using the combination of bidirectional EVCS and EV batteries acting as energy storage equipment. Finally, a comparative analysis is provided between the Indian standards and international standards from Europe, China, Japan, Germany, North America, and International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
DATA-DRIVEN DESIGN CHALLENGES IN THE EARLY STAGES OF THE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

Abstract With the rapid development of digital technologies, products connectivity is increasing as well as the data produced and collected. Forecasts on product development predict that this trend will keep on growing. In this context, new design solutions based on data are emerging. Those data-driven design approaches are common for identifying the customers' need when developing a new product. However, few studies cover data-driven design in the other early stages of product design. Thus, the research question addressed in this paper is: what are the challenges of data-driven design research in the early phases of the product development process? Through a literature review and a workshop proposed at the conference DESIGN 2020, this paper offers a first glimpse of future research leads. A list of 5 challenges for data-driven design in the early stages of product design is proposed and ranked from short term to long term.
The more, the better? The effect of feedback and user's past successes on idea implementation in open innovation communities

Establishing open innovation communities has evolved as an important product innovation and development strategy for companies. Yet, the success of such communities relies on the successful implementation of many user‐submitted ideas. Although extant literature has examined the impact of user experience and idea characteristics on idea implementation, little is known from the information input perspective, for example, feedback. Based on the information overload theory and knowledge content framework, we propose that the amount and types of feedback content have different effects on the likelihood of subsequent idea implementation, and such effects depend on the level of users' success experience. We tested the research model using a panel logistic model with the data of MIUI Forum. The study results revealed that the amount of feedback has an inverted U‐shaped effect on idea implementation, and such effect is moderated by a user's past success. Moreover, the type of feedback content (cost and benefit‐related feedback and functionality‐related feedback) positively affects idea implementation, and a user's past success positively moderated the above effects. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications, limitations of our research, and suggestions for future research.
Observations of the cosmic ray detector at the Argentine Marambio base in the Antarctic Peninsula

Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos (DCAO) Pabellón 2 Intendente Güiraldes 2160 Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE) Intendente Güiraldes 2160 Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Departamento de Física (DF) Pabellón 1 Intendente Güiraldes 2160 Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Instituto Antártico Argentino, Dirección Nacional del Antártico 25 de mayo 1143, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (ITeDA, CNEA/CONICET/UNSAM) Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Av. General Paz 1499, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 5 Laboratorio de Acústica y Electroacústica (LACEAC), Departamento de Electrónica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires Av. Paseo Colón 850, Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail: nsantos@at.fcen. uba.ar, sdasso@iafe.uba.ar,
An overview on the development of nanofiber‐based as polymer electrolyte membrane and electrocatalyst in fuel cell application

Fuel cell technology has matured, and much emphasis has been placed on commercialization efforts for these systems, whether for stationary or portable applications. Several factors influence commercialization success, including the use of strong, durable, and cost‐effective material technology. The two most important components in a fuel cell are the catalyst and proton exchange membrane. In addition, some crucial characteristics need to be possessed: high catalytic activity, high surface area, high proton conductivity, low fuel permeability, and increased stability chemical, mechanical, and thermal. The following properties will require the development of catalysts and membranes in the nano‐scale structure. Nanofiber is a unique nanostructure that has been investigated in fuel cell technology to produce the catalyst and proton exchange membrane. The electrospinning technique has gained prominence to fabricate nanofibers because of its ease to use, simplicity, and wide range of applications. Thus, the main objective of this review is to provide an overview of the electrospinning process by explaining the operating principle, parameters influencing the electrospinning technique, and application of nanofibers in the fuel cell, specifically for the fabrication of electrolyte electrospun nanofiber membranes and fibrous materials as an electrochemical catalyst in fuel cell applications. This review also discusses the benefits of the investigated nanofiber materials and the challenges and prospects of the electrospinning technique in a fuel cell.
Toroidal Vortices of Energy in Tightly Focused Second-Order Cylindrical Vector Beams

In this paper, we simulate the focusing of a cylindrical vector beam (CVB) of second order, using the Richards–Wolf formula. Many papers have been published on focusing CVB, but they did not report on forming of the toroidal vortices of energy (TVE) near the focus. TVE are fluxes of light energy in longitudinal planes along closed paths around some critical points at which the flux of energy is zero. In the 3D case, such longitudinal energy fluxes form a toroidal surface, and the critical points around which the energy rotates form a circle lying in the transverse plane. TVE are formed in pairs with different directions of rotation (similar to optical vortices with topological charges of different signs). We show that when light with a wavelength of 532 nm is focused by a lens with numerical aperture NA = 0.95, toroidal vortices periodically appear at a distance of about 0.45 μm (0.85 λ) from the axis (with a period along the z-axis of 0.8 μm (1.5 λ)). The vortices arise in pairs: the vortex nearest to the focal plane is twisted clockwise, and the next vortex is twisted counterclockwise. These vortices are accompanied by saddle points. At higher distances from the z-axis, this pattern of toroidal vortices is repeated, and at a distance of about 0.7 μm (1.3 λ), a region in which toroidal vortices are repeated along the z-axis is observed. When the beam is focused and limited by a narrow annular aperture, these toroidal vortices are not observed.
A new method for image classification and image retrieval using convolutional neural networks

This article proposes a new method for image classification and image retrieval. The advantages of the proposed method are its high performance and requiring less memory compared to other methods. In order to extract image features, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), AlexNet, has been used. For image classification, we design a committee of four classifiers trained on graphics cards, narrowing the gap to human performance. For image retrieval, the similarity between extracted features from dataset images and features of the query image is calculated and the final results are visualized. Comprehensive experiments on Corel‐1k, Corel‐10k, Caltech‐101 object and Scene‐67 datasets have been investigated to find optimal parameters of the proposed method. The experiments demonstrate the high performance of the proposed method in comparison with the state‐of‐the‐art in the field.
Fast Full-Wave Electromagnetic Inverse Scattering Based on Scalable Cascaded Convolutional Neural Networks

The end-to-end scalable cascaded convolutional neural networks (SC-CNNs) are proposed to solve inverse scattering problems (ISPs), and the high-resolution image can be directly obtained from the scattered field with the guiding by multiresolution labels in the cascaded blocks. To alleviate the difficulty of solving the ISPs via a full-wave way, the proposed SC-CNNs are physically decomposed into two parts, i.e., the linear transformation and the multiresolution imaging networks. The first part is composed of one CNN block and is used to mimic the linear transformation [e.g., backpropagation (BP)] from scattered field to the preliminary image, whereas the second part consists of a few cascaded CNN blocks to realize the reconstruction from the rough image to high-resolution image. With more high-frequency components incorporating into the multiresolution labels, the cascaded networks can be guided through those labels, avoiding black-box operations and enhancing the physical meaning and interpretability. The proposed SC-CNNs are verified by both the synthetic and experimental examples and it is proved that better performance can be achieved in terms of both inversion accuracy and efficiency compared to the BP-Unet and direct inversion scheme (DIS).
Workplace Spirituality and Employee Job Attitude: Direct Test Effect: An Empirical Check Among Nursing Community

Workplace spirituality is a concept that is gaining traction in the business world. Finding opportunities for self-expression, practicing moral ideals at work, and experiencing sacredness in all aspects of life is what workplace spirituality entails. Nursing is a physically and emotionally taxing career when compared to other occupations, especially given the large amount of physical and emotional labour needed in patient care. The goal of this paper was to synthesise the relationship between workplace spirituality and one of three forms of employee job attitude. The study finding shows that there is a high relationship between spirituality in the workplace and employee job attitude. An integrated environment is necessary for any successful job. This study seems to be of value to researchers and practitioners. Spirituality in the workplace needs to be strengthened by an establishment's HR ethic, which in effect helps to build a positive work atmosphere for the future.
Effects of Sheep Manure Combined with Chemical Fertilizers on Maize Yield and Quality and Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Soil Inorganic Nitrogen

In order to explore the influences of sheep manure mixed with chemical fertilizers upon the yield and quality of maize and the spatial and temporal distribution of soil inorganic nitrogen under the wheat-maize rotation system, achieve increased yield and efficiency with rational fertilization of maize in this area, and at the same time provide a reasonable scientific basis for green production, an experiment was performed at Wanbei Comprehensive Experimental Station of Anhui Agricultural University in 2020 accordingly. The soil for the experiment is sand ginger black soil, and the subject is Zhengdan 958. The experiment adopts a randomized block design with 6 treatments: no fertilizer (T1), single application of the chemical fertilizer (T2), 15% sheep manure mixed with the chemical fertilizer (T3), 30% sheep manure combined with the chemical fertilizer (T4), 45% sheep manure added with the chemical fertilizer (T5), and only sheep manure (T6). The amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium applied in each treatment remains the same. The result of the experiment shows that T1 treatment has the lowest yield, followed by T6 treatment. The yield of sheep manure combined with the chemical fertilizer is much higher than that of pure sheep manure and no fertilizer. Among them, the yield of T3 is the highest and T4 is the lowest. There is no obvious variation between the combined treatments. Compared with single usage of the chemical fertilizer, the fat content of maize kernels treated with T3 and T4 is 8.9% and 5.6% higher than that of T2 treatment. The protein content of maize kernels treated with T3, T4, and T5 is 2.3%, 2.5%, and 2% higher than that of T2. It shows that the mixture of sheep manure and chemical fertilizer can improve the quality of maize kernels in some degree. The partial productivity of the nitrogen fertilizer in T3 and T5 treatments is 3.7% and 0.8% higher than that of T2 treatment, and the agronomic utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is 10.9% and 1.6% higher than that of T2 treatment. T6 is much lower than that of T2 treatment. It certifies that the combined application of chemical fertilizers with sheep manure can increase the partial productivity and the agronomic utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer and increase crop yields and farmers’ income. The nitrate nitrogen of 40–60 cm soil layer is increased by 30.4%, 60–80 cm soil layer is increased by 56.5%, and 80–100 cm soil layer is increased by 11.6%. It shows that the mixed usage of organic and inorganic fertilizers can prevent nitrate nitrogen from moving to deep soil and reduce groundwater pollution.
Investigation on the Flexural Modulus of Silicon Dies to Improve Die Mechanical Modeling Accuracy

Mechanical modeling of integrated circuit (IC) dies is commonly performed using the mechanical properties of the bulk silicon material. However, modeling results such as die deflection and the actual results were observed to have significant difference. This paper discusses the investigation done on the flexural modulus of actual IC dies used in package assembly manufacturing. Results were then compared with the modulus of the bulk silicon die or mirror die. The measurement of flexural modulus was done using the standard 3-point bend test. It was found out that the flexural modulus of the actual IC die is significantly lower than the flexural modulus of the bulk silicon or dummy die. Even with the actual IC die, the flexural modulus of the active side is also lower than the back side. From this study, it can be concluded that mechanical modeling involving IC dies could be improved by characterizing the properties of the actual die used. The common practice of using the properties of the bulk silicon die in mechanical modeling would not provide accurate results.
Sex hormones abnormalities in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: pathophysiological and clinical implications

Obesity and metabolic syndrome are conditions at high risk for the development of complications such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The growing prevalence of NAFLD has recently raised attention in the clinical practice, due to the worsening prognosis observed in the affected patients. Sex hormones abnormalities, commonly found in subjects suffering from obesity and metabolic syndrome, have been recently hypothesized to be directly involved in the physiopathology of obesity-related comorbidites; however, their role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD remains unclear. In this review of the available literature, a summary of the knowledge about the role of sex steroids abnormalities in the risk of developing NAFLD was performed, mentioning the possible clinical implications for therapy.
Male-Female Wage Differentials and the Impact of Equal Pay Legislation

EMPIRICAL studies tend to confirm the existence of a male-female wage differential based on sex. However, the proportion of the differential attributable to discrimination differs widely, reflecting the problems of adjusting for differences in experience, education, training, absenteeism, and turnover as well as differences in the occupational distribution of females. In the U. S. , studies by Fuchs (1971), Cohen (1971) and Oaxaca (1973) imply a proportionate, unadjusted male-female wage differential (Win Wf)/Wf, of about 50%o-80%. Differences in such factors as experience, education, training, absenteeism and turnover account for about half of the gross wage differential. Most of the remaining half is attributed to females being employed in low-wage occupations, a factor not controlled for in their analyses. Sanborn (1964) does adjust for the occupational distribution of females and estimates a differential of approximately 15% within an occupation. Studies by McNulty (1967) and Buckley (1971) also indicate male wages to exceed female wages by about 20%o within select, narrowly-defined occupations (but not within the same establishment). They attribute about half of this differential to females being concentrated in low-wage establishments.
Patchwork and Paying It Forward: Undocumented Students’ Access to Social Capital

ABSTRACT The primary purpose of this systematic review is to assess how undocumented students in the United States leverage their assets to successfully attend and graduate from higher education institutions (HEI). A 1982 U.S. Supreme Court decision gave undocumented children access to public education from pre-school through grade 12. While no single U.S. legislation forbids the enrollment of undocumented students in HEI, there are laws that remove access to federal financial aid. Federal legislation gives states the freedom to determine whether these students receive reduced in-state tuition rates and state financial aid. This paper explores how undocumented students use the strengths of their communities to patchwork together the financial and emotional resources needed to overcome systemic barriers. It also examines the ways that students pay it forward through shared information and activism.
Driving as Side Task: Exploring Intuitive Input Modalities for Multitasking in Automated Vehicles

Through vehicle automation, the human is more and more able to execute non-driving-related activities (NDRAs). However, control interfaces are still needed to allow human intervention and foster a sense of control. This paper presents a driving simulator experiment (N = 20) with five likely NDRAs (being idle, eating, smartphone use, conversation, listen to music) where participants freely intervened in the driving process, using either touch, voice, or mid-air gesture interaction. We found that NDRAs determine input modality choices. Generally, participants tended to avoid the modalities demanded by the NDRAs, e.g., voice interaction becomes less frequent while listening to music. Contrary, touch interaction increased during smartphone use, indicating that users tend to stick to a known interaction style during high multitasking workload. Overall, we recommend designing future vehicle interiors and interfaces that rely on multimodal interfaces to account for the diversity of situations and activities while driving automated.
Climate Change and Water Dynamics in Rural Uganda

The purpose of this case study is to examine the effects of climate change on agricultural life in rural Uganda. Based on primary data, the authors examine major themes related to climate change and disasters as conveyed by individuals in a small agricultural region in Eastern Uganda. Specifically, we focus on the effects of living in constant threat of flooding and landslides. Results show that water is a major source of loss for most people, ranging from crop loss to contaminated water. Findings also point to the chronic nature of dealing with water issues, as opposed to acute. Further, our results indicate that disasters are a great equalizer among affected populations, with only neighbors to depend on in the aftermath.
Surviving the storm: Synergistic partnership of knowledge management, marketing and innovation strategies in the cosmetic industry

This article aims to understand the business evolution and sustained survivability of Malaysian based-cosmetic firm, Pesona, for the past 20 years. The article provides constructive reflection in bridging theory and practice using a single case-study method to investigate the experiences and managerial decision rules of the owner of the cosmetic business within a real-life context. The narrative inquiry that we have adopted allows to focus on events, actions, processes, and happenings that matter for business survivability. The findings indicate various types of challenges within the cosmetic industry, faced resiliently by the owner of Pesona, namely sustaining market shares, highly dependable imported raw-materials, market uncertainty, international trade barriers and technology acquisitions. Likewise, marketing strategies and innovations in eliminating barriers and transforming challenges into opportunities are crucial. Along with these, knowledge management, networking and collaboration create the synergy to improve capabilities. More importantly, for micro and small businesses, these strategic capabilities are specifically led by the owners with passion and motivation. This case study is an inspirational asset for start-ups, SMEs and entrepreneurs as it offers valuable insights that can assist in building and sustaining businesses.