Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Evaluating intuitiveness of vertical-aware click models

Modeling user behavior on a search engine result page is important for understanding the users and supporting simulation experiments. As result pages become more complex, click models evolve as well in order to capture additional aspects of user behavior in response to new forms of result presentation. We propose a method for evaluating the intuitiveness of verticalaware click models, namely the ability of a click model to capture key aspects of aggregated result pages, such as vertical selection, item selection, result presentation and vertical diversity. This method allows us to isolate model components and therefore gives a multifaceted view on a model’s performance. We argue that our method can be used in conjunction with traditional click model evaluation metrics such as log-likelihood or perplexity. In order to demonstrate the power of our method in situations where result pages can contain more than one type of vertical (e.g., Image and News) we extend the previously studied Federated Click Model such that it models user clicks on such pages. Our evaluation method yields non-trivial yet interpretable conclusions about the intuitiveness of click models, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses.
Application of a Finite Element Model Updating Approach to Damage Localization at Offshore Wind Energy Converters

Damage localization is considered to be an important technique to reduce maintenance cost for offshore wind energy converters. These structures are badly accessible and due to their dimensions it is nearly impossible to inspect all areas of the substructure visually. In this paper a methodology for damage localization in such structures is presented. This is done using finite element model updating based on modal parameters. In model updating a residual is defined and minimized using an optimization algorithm. Residual formulations for both eigenfrequencies and mode shapes are evaluated and compared with respect to their sensitivity to small damages. The resulting residual formulation is then minimized using Simulated Annealing. The variables are constrained in order to keep the numerical model within a physically meaningful range. Furthermore, a new constraint is introduced for damage localization purposes. The functionality of the new constraint is shown using a numerical model of the NREL OC3 project. Finally, the practical functionality of the damage localization scheme is demonstrated via application of the methodology to a scaled laboratory model of a tripile structure. doi: 10.12783/SHM2015/341
Associative recognition without hippocampal associations.

Whereas both human and animal lesion and human neuroimaging studies have implicated the hippocampus in memory for associations, some studies find preserved associative memory following hippocampal damage. Starting with a classic summed similarity model of item recognition, we can account for associative recognition without assuming a specific hippocampally-mediated associative process. We add one key assumption: that one item can influence activation of another item's features. Feature-strength patterns, evaluated for each probe item individually, are then diagnostic of whether an item was paired with one item versus another. We suggest that feature-level inference, without explicit storage of associations, may play a critical role in associative recognition tasks. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Generation and diversification of recombinant monoclonal antibodies

Antibodies are indispensable tools used for a large number of applications in both foundational and translational bioscience research; however, there are drawbacks to using traditional antibodies generated in animals. These include a lack of standardization leading to problems with reproducibility, high costs of antibodies purchased from commercial sources, and ethical concerns regarding the large number of animals used to generate antibodies. To address these issues, we have developed practical methodologies and tools for generating low-cost, high-yield preparations of recombinant monoclonal antibodies and antibody fragments directed to protein epitopes from primary sequences. We describe these methods here, as well as approaches to diversify monoclonal antibodies, including customization of antibody species specificity, generation of genetically encoded small antibody fragments, and conversion of single chain antibody fragments (e.g. scFv) into full-length, bivalent antibodies. This study focuses on antibodies directed to epitopes important for mitosis and kinetochore function; however, the methods and reagents described here are applicable to antibodies and antibody fragments for use in any field.
Cholesterol Inhibition of Slo1 Channels Is Calcium-Dependent and Can Be Mediated by Either High-Affinity Calcium-Sensing Site in the Slo1 Cytosolic Tail S

Calcium-and voltage-gated K 1 channels of large conductance (BKs) are expressed in the cell membranes of all excitable tissues. Currents mediated by BK channel-forming slo1 homotetramers are consistently inhibited by increases in membrane cholesterol (CLR). The molecular mechanisms leading to this CLR action, however, remain unknown. Slo1 channels are activated by increases in calcium (Ca 2 1 ) nearby Ca 2 1 -recognition sites in the slo1 cytosolic tail: one high-affinity and one low-affinity site locate to the regulator of conductance for K 1 (RCK) 1 domain, whereas another high-affinity site locates within the RCK2 domain. Here, we first evaluated the crosstalking between Ca 2 1 and CLR on the function of slo1 (cbv1 isoform) channels reconstituted into planar lipid bilayers. CLR robustly reduced channel open probability while barely decreasing unitary current amplitude, with CLR maximal effects being observed at 10 – 30 m M internal Ca 2 1 . CLR actions were not only modulated by internal Ca 2 1 levels but also disappeared in absence of this divalent. Moreover, in absence of Ca 2 1 , BK channel-activating concentrations of magnesium (10 mM) did not support CLR action. Next, we evaluated CLR actions on channels where the different Ca 2 1 -sensing sites present in the slo1 cytosolic domain became nonfunctional via mutagenesis. CLR still reduced the activity of low-affinity Ca 2 1 (RCK1:E379A, E404A) mutants. In
Delivering Design: Performance and Materiality in Professional Interaction Design

Author(s): Goodman, Elizabeth | Advisor(s): Van House, Nancy | Abstract: Interaction design is the definition of digital behavior, from desktop software and mobile applications to components of appliances, automobiles, and even biomedical devices. Where architects plan buildings, graphic designers make visual compositions, and industrial designers give form to three-dimensional objects, interaction designers define the digital components of products and services. These include websites, mobile applications, desktop software, automobiles, consumer electronics, and more. Interaction design is a relatively new but fast-growing discipline, emerging with the explosive growth of the World Wide Web. In a software-saturated world, every day, multiple times a day, billions of people encounter the work products of interaction design. Given the reach of their profession, how interaction designers work is of paramount concern. In considering interaction design, this dissertation turns away from a longstanding question of design studies: How does interaction design demonstrate a special form of human thought? And towards a set of questions drawn from practice-oriented studies of science and technology: What kinds of objects and subjects do interaction design practices make, and how do those practices produce them? Based on participant observation at three San Francisco interaction design consultancies and interviews with designers in California's Bay Area, this dissertation argues that performance practices organize interaction design work. By “performance practices,” I mean episodes of storytelling and narrative that take place before an audience of witnesses. These performances instantiate — make visible and tangibly felt —the human and machine behaviors that the static deliverables seem unable on their own to materialize. In doing so, performances of the project help produce and sustain alignment within teams and among designers, clients, and developers. In this way, a focus on episodes of performance turns our concerns from cognition, in which artifacts assist design thinking, to one of enactment, in which documents, spaces, tools, and bodies actively participating in producing the identities, responsibilities, and capacities of project constituents. It turns our attention to questions of political representation, materiality and politics. From this perspective, it is not necessarily how designers think but how they stage and orchestrate performances of the project that makes accountable, authoritative decision-making on behalf of clients and prospective users possible.
The Effects of Animation on the Guessability of Universal Healthcare Symbols for Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate whether animation can help to improve the comprehension of universal healthcare symbols for middle-aged and older adults. Background The Hablamos Juntos (HJ) healthcare symbol system is a set of widely used universal healthcare symbols that were developed in the United States. Some studies indicated that HJ healthcare symbols are not well-understood by users in non-English-speaking areas. Other studies found that animations can improve users’ comprehension of complex symbols. Thus, we wanted to test whether animation could help to improve users’ comprehension of HJ symbols. Methods The participants included 40 middle-aged and 40 older adults in Taiwan. We redesigned the 12 HJ symbols into three visual formats—static, basic animation, and detailed animation—and compared them to find which best improved the participants’ guessability scores. Results (1) Middle-aged adults’ comprehension of static and basic animated symbols was significantly better than that of older adults, but there was no significant difference in the guessability scores between the two age groups in terms of detailed animated symbols; (2) In general, both basic animation and detailed animation significantly improved the guessability score, but the effect with detailed animation was significantly greater than that with basic animation; (3) Older women were more receptive to detailed animation and showed better guessing performance. Conclusion Detailed animation contains more details and provides a more complete explanation of the concept of the static symbols, helping to improve the comprehension of HJ symbols for middle-aged and older adult users. Application Our findings provide a reference for the possibility of new style symbol design in the digital and aging era, which can be applied to improve symbol comprehension.
Sex Differences in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

Sex dimorphism strongly impacts tumor biology with most cancers having a male predominance. Uniquely, thyroid cancer is the only non-reproductive cancer with striking female predominance with 3-4-fold higher incidence among females, although males generally have more aggressive disease. The molecular basis for this observation is not known and current approaches in treatment and surveillance are not sex specific. Although thyroid cancer has overall good prognosis, 6-20% of patients develop regional or distant metastasis, one third of whom are not responsive to conventional treatment approaches and suffer a 10-year survival rate of only 10%. More efficacious treatment strategies are needed for these aggressive thyroid cancers as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy have major toxicities without demonstrable overall survival benefit. Emerging evidence indicates a role of sex-hormones, genetics and the immune system in modulation of both risk for thyroid cancer and its progression in a sex-specific manner. Greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying sex-differences in thyroid cancer pathogenesis could provide insights to the development of sex-specific, targeted, effective strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and management. This review summarizes emerging evidence for the importance of sex in the pathogenesis, progression, and response to treatment in differentiated thyroid cancer with emphasis on the role of sex-hormones, genetics and the immune system.
Can Shunt Response in Patients with Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Be Predicted from Preoperative Brain Imaging? A Retrospective Study of the Diagnostic Use of the Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Radscale in 119 Patients

The Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Radscale showed moderate discrimination for shunt response but cannot, on its own, be used for selecting patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus for shunt surgery. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Radscale is a combined scoring of 7 different structural imaging markers on preoperative brain CT or MR imaging in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: callosal angle, Evans Index, Sylvian fissure dilation, apical sulcal narrowing, mean temporal horn diameter, periventricular WM lesions, and focal sulcal dilation. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the performance of the Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Radscale in distinguishing idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus shunt responders from nonresponders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The preoperative MR imaging and CT scans of 119 patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus were scored using the Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Radscale. A summary shunt-response score assessed within 6 months from ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery, combining the effect on cognition, gait, and urinary incontinence, was used as a reference. The difference between the mean Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Radscale for responders and nonresponders was tested using the Student t test. The area under the curve was calculated for the Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Radscale to assess shunt response. To ascertain reproducibility, we assessed the interobserver agreement between the 2 independent observers as intraclass correlation coefficients for the Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Radscale for 74 MR imaging scans and 19 CT scans. RESULTS: Ninety-four (79%) of 119 patients were shunt responders. The mean Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Radscale score for shunt responders was 8.35 (SD, 1.53), and for nonresponders, 7.48 (SD, 1.53) (P = .02). The area under the curve for the Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Radscale was 0.66 (range, 0.54–0.78). The intraclass correlation coefficient for the Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Radscale was 0.86 for MR imaging and 0.82 for CT. CONCLUSIONS: The Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Radscale showed moderate discrimination for shunt response but cannot, on its own, be used for selecting patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus for shunt surgery.
Methylated tetra‐amide derivatives of paramagnetic complexes for magnetic resonance biosensing with both BIRDS and CEST

Paramagnetic agents that utilize two mechanisms to provide physiological information by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) are described. MRI with chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) takes advantage of the agent's exchangeable protons (e.g., ‐OH or ‐NHx, where 2 ≥ x ≥ 1) to create pH contrast. The agent's incorporation of non‐exchangeable protons (e.g., ‐CHy, where 3 ≥ y ≥ 1) makes it possible to map tissue temperature and/or pH using an MRSI method called biosensor imaging of redundant deviation in shifts (BIRDS). Hybrid probes based upon 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetate chelate (DOTA4−) and its methylated analog (1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐α, α′, α″, α‴‐tetramethyl‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetate, DOTMA4−) were synthesized, and modified to create new tetra‐amide chelates. Addition of several methyl groups per pendent arm of the symmetrical chelates, positioned proximally and distally to thulium ions (Tm3+), gave rise to favorable BIRDS properties (i.e., high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) from non‐exchangeable methyl proton peaks) and CEST responsiveness (i.e., from amide exchangeable protons). Structures of the Tm3+ probes elucidate the influence of methyl group placement on sensor performance. An eight‐coordinate geometry with high symmetry was observed for the complexes: Tm‐L1 was based on DOTA4−, whereas Tm‐L2 and Tm‐L3 were based on DOTMA4−, where the latter contained an additional carboxylate at the distal end of each arm. The distance of Tm3+ from terminal methyl carbons is a key determinant for sustaining BIRDS temperature sensitivity without compromising CEST pH contrast; however, water solubility was influenced by introduction of hydrophobic methyl groups and hydrophilic carboxylate. Combined BIRDS and CEST detection of Tm‐L2, which features two high‐SNR methyl peaks and a strong amide CEST peak, should enable simultaneous temperature and pH measurements for high‐resolution molecular imaging in vivo.
Emotional reactivity to daily stressors: Does stressor pile-up within a day matter for young-old and very old adults?

Over the past decade, many studies have reported individual differences in negative emotional reactions to daily stressful events. However, whether and how individual and age-related differences in emotional reactivity also depend on the temporal characteristics of stressors has received little attention. In this project, we focused on the temporal characteristics of stressor occurrence and examined the pile-up of stressors within a day-referring to multiple stressors encountered within a relatively narrow time window. To do so, we used data from 123 young-old (66-69 years, 47% women) and 47 very old adults (84-90 years, 60% women). Participants reported their momentary feelings and exposure to stressors six times a day over 7 consecutive days in their everyday life. Emotional reactivity to stressor pile-up over the day followed an exponential decay trajectory, with higher stressor burden in close proximity to the stressor occurrence. The exact shape of the decay trajectory differed among participants. Most importantly, both stressor pile-up and ongoing stress predicted greater emotional reactivity. We also found interaction effects of stressor pile-up and current stressor occurrence in that increases in negative affect under ongoing stress were stronger when stressors had piled-up before. No evidence was found for increased vulnerability to stressor pile-up in very old adults; rather, the impact of preceding stressors attenuated faster for individuals in this age group. The findings highlight the utility of comprehensively studying how stressor characteristics such as their pile-up within short time periods shape emotional reactivity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Mapping the multi-faceted: identifying the determinants of uncertainty in safety-critical projects

Project managers tasked with delivering safety-critical projects must demonstrate care, competence and confidence from the earliest stages of project inception, when levels of uncertainty about the scope, delivery mechanisms and required project outcomes may be ill-defined and even bewildering. This paper builds on work by Saunders et al. (2015), which posited the Uncertainty Kaleidoscope as a framework for conceptualising uncertainty in safety-critical projects. Our contribution here is to 1) refine and validate the Uncertainty Kaleidoscope and 2) explore the commonalities and differences between sources of project uncertainty across two safety-critical industries: nuclear and aerospace. The findings are that the six key determinants of project uncertainty (Complexity, Environment, Capability, Time, Information and Individual Perception) are broadly similar across both civil nuclear and aerospace projects. There are however sharper differences between the nature of projects with new build/new product introduction projects having lower information uncertainty and suffering less from uncertainties in capability, whether internally or across the wider supply chain.
External Attention Assisted Multi-Phase Splenic Vascular Injury Segmentation With Limited Data

The spleen is one of the most commonly injured solid organs in blunt abdominal trauma. The development of automatic segmentation systems from multi-phase CT for splenic vascular injury can augment severity grading for improving clinical decision support and outcome prediction. However, accurate segmentation of splenic vascular injury is challenging for the following reasons: 1) Splenic vascular injury can be highly variant in shape, texture, size, and overall appearance; and 2) Data acquisition is a complex and expensive procedure that requires intensive efforts from both data scientists and radiologists, which makes large-scale well-annotated datasets hard to acquire in general. In light of these challenges, we hereby design a novel framework for multi-phase splenic vascular injury segmentation, especially with limited data. On the one hand, we propose to leverage external data to mine pseudo splenic masks as the spatial attention, dubbed external attention, for guiding the segmentation of splenic vascular injury. On the other hand, we develop a synthetic phase augmentation module, which builds upon generative adversarial networks, for populating the internal data by fully leveraging the relation between different phases. By jointly enforcing external attention and populating internal data representation during training, our proposed method outperforms other competing methods and substantially improves the popular DeepLab-v3+ baseline by more than 7% in terms of average DSC, which confirms its effectiveness.
Multi-layered electrospinning and electrospraying approach: Effect of polymeric supplements on chondrocyte suspension

Articular cartilage was expected to be one of the first tissues to be successfully engineered, but replicating the complex fibril architecture and the cellular distribution of the native cartilage has proven difficult. While electrospinning has been widely used to reproduce the depth-dependent fibre architecture in 3D scaffolds, the chondrocyte-controlled distribution remains an unsolved problem. To incorporate cells homogeneously through the depth of scaffolds, a combination of polymer electrospinning and cell seeding is necessary. A multi-layer approach alternating between polymer electrospinning with chondrocyte electrospraying can be a solution. Still, the success of this process is related to the survival rate of the electrosprayed chondrocytes embedded within the electrospun mesh. In this regard, the present study investigated the impact of the multi-layered process and the supplementation of the electrospray chondrocyte suspension with different concentrations of Gelatin and Alginate on the viability of electrosprayed chondrocytes embedded within a Polycaprolactone/Gelatin electrospun mesh and on the mechanical properties of the resulting meshes. The addition of Gelatin in the chondrocyte suspension did not increase significantly (p > 0.05) the percentage of viable electrosprayed chondrocytes (25%), while 3 wt% Alginate addition led to a significant (p < 0.05) increase in chondrocyte viability (50%) relative to the case without polymer supplement (15%). Furthermore, the addition of both polymer supplements increased the mechanical properties of the multi-layer construct. These findings imply that this multi-layered approach can be applied to cartilage TE allowing for automated chondrocyte integration during scaffolds creation.