Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Landscape genetics reveals unique and shared effects of urbanization for two sympatric pool‐breeding amphibians

Abstract Metapopulation‐structured species can be negatively affected when landscape fragmentation impairs connectivity. We investigated the effects of urbanization on genetic diversity and gene flow for two sympatric amphibian species, spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum) and wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus), across a large (>35,000 km2) landscape in Maine, USA, containing numerous natural and anthropogenic gradients. Isolation‐by‐distance (IBD) patterns differed between the species. Spotted salamanders showed a linear and relatively high variance relationship between genetic and geographic distances (r = .057, p < .001), whereas wood frogs exhibited a strongly nonlinear and lower variance relationship (r = 0.429, p < .001). Scale dependence analysis of IBD found gene flow has its most predictable influence (strongest IBD correlations) at distances up to 9 km for spotted salamanders and up to 6 km for wood frogs. Estimated effective migration surfaces revealed contrasting patterns of high and low genetic diversity and gene flow between the two species. Population isolation, quantified as the mean IBD residuals for each population, was associated with local urbanization and less genetic diversity in both species. The influence of geographic proximity and urbanization on population connectivity was further supported by distance‐based redundancy analysis and multiple matrix regression with randomization. Resistance surface modeling found interpopulation connectivity to be influenced by developed land cover, light roads, interstates, and topography for both species, plus secondary roads and rivers for wood frogs. Our results highlight the influence of anthropogenic landscape features within the context of natural features and broad spatial genetic patterns, in turn supporting the premise that while urbanization significantly restricts interpopulation connectivity for wood frogs and spotted salamanders, specific landscape elements have unique effects on these two sympatric species.
Just the Tip of the Iceberg: Internet-Scale Exploitation of Routers for Cryptojacking

The release of an efficient browser-based cryptominer, as introduced by Coinhive in 2017, has quickly spread throughout the web either as a new source of revenue for websites or exploited within the context of hacks and malicious advertisements. Several studies have analyzed the Alexa Top 1M and found 380 - 3,200 (0.038% - 0.32%) to be actively mining, with an estimated $41,000 per month revenue for the top 10 perpetrators. While placing a cryptominer on a popular website supplies considerable returns from its visitors' web browsers, it only generates revenue while a client is visiting the page. Even though large popular websites attract millions of visitors, the relatively low number of exploiting websites limits the total revenue that can be made. In this paper, we report on a new attack vector that drastically overshadows all existing cryptojacking activity discovered to date. Through a firmware vulnerability in MikroTik routers, cyber criminals are able to rewrite outgoing user traffic and embed cryptomining code in every outgoing web connection. Thus, every web page visited by any user behind an infected router would mine to profit the criminals. Based on NetFlows recorded in a Tier 1 network, semiweekly crawls and telescope traffic, we followed their activities over a period of 10 months, and report on the modus operandi and coordinating infrastructure of the perpetrators, which were during this period in control of up to 1.4M routers, approximately 70% of all MikroTik devices deployed worldwide. We observed different levels of sophistication among adversaries, ranging from individual installations to campaigns involving large numbers of routers. Our results show that cryptojacking through MITM attacks is highly lucrative, a factor of 30 more than previous attack vectors.
Primary cilia and the exocyst are linked to urinary extracellular vesicle production and content

The recently proposed idea of “urocrine signaling” hypothesizes that small secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain proteins that transmit signals to distant cells. However, the role of renal primary cilia in EV production and content is unclear. We previously showed that the exocyst, a highly conserved trafficking complex, is necessary for ciliogenesis; that it is present in human urinary EVs; that knockdown (KD) of exocyst complex component 5 (EXOC5), a central exocyst component, results in very short or absent cilia; and that human EXOC5 overexpression results in longer cilia. Here, we show that compared with control Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, EXOC5 overexpression increases and KD decreases EV numbers. Proteomic analyses of isolated EVs from EXOC5 control, KD, and EXOC5-overexpressing MDCK cells revealed significant alterations in protein composition. Using immunoblotting to specifically examine the expression levels of ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) and EPS8-like 2 (EPS8L2) in EVs, we found that EXOC5 KD increases ARF6 levels and decreases EPS8L2 levels, and that EXOC5 overexpression increases EPS8L2. Knockout of intraflagellar transport 88 (IFT88) confirmed that the changes in EV number/content were due to cilia loss: similar to EXOC5, the IFT88 loss resulted in very short or absent cilia, decreased EV numbers, increased EV ARF6 levels, and decreased Eps8L2 levels compared with IFT88-rescued EVs. Compared with control animals, urine from proximal tubule-specific EXOC5-KO mice contained fewer EVs and had increased ARF6 levels. These results indicate that perturbations in exocyst and primary cilia affect EV number and protein content.
Diphtheria Epidemiology in Indonesia during 2010-2017.

BACKGROUND in recent years, diphtheria has reemerged in several countries including Venezuela, Yemen, Bangladesh, and Haiti. Similarly, Indonesia also showed an increased number of diphtheria cases in 2010-2017 despite the Diphteria, Tetanus, Pertussis (DTP) immunization program applied in Indonesia for children. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of diphtheria cases which occurred in Indonesia during 2010-2017. METHODS this was a retrospective study of diphtheria cases in Indonesia. The following source of data about diphtheria disease burden and vaccine coverage was obtained from Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, Indonesian Pediatric Society and World Health Organization South East Asia Regional Office. RESULTS the number of diphtheria cases in Indonesia were distributed across 30 provinces with a total of 811 cases in 2011; 1,192 cases in 2012; 296 cases in 2014; and 939 cases in 2017. Based on age group, the highest number of case fatality rate were in age group of 5-9 years old. Diphtheria immunization coverage in Indonesia among children was fluctuated, reported as 67.7 % in 2007, 61.9 % in 2010, 75.6% in 2013 and 61.3% in 2018. In addition to that, the organization of internal medicine has recommend booster of DPT immunization every 10 years for those children that had received complete DPT vaccination during childhood, however this was not applied. As the countermeasure towards this trend, the Ministry of Health implemented three rounds of Outbreak Response Immunization (ORI) targeted for the age group of 0-1-6 months old and 1-18 years old in 2017 and tailor approached for adults that had exposed to cases. Banten, DKI Jakarta and West Java were the first three provinces to implement this program considering their condensed population and high risk of disease transmission. CONCLUSION in Indonesia, there was dramatic increase of diphtheria case in 2010-2017, where immunization in children should be reinforced by increasing coverage more than 95% and adult boosted vaccination approaches should be initiated to prevent the spread of these fatal diphtheria diseases in Indonesia.
Markups in Canada: Have they changed and why?

Many empirical studies have examined the cyclical nature of the markup ratio. Until recently, few have attempted to ascertain the changes in the markup over a longer time horizon. These changes are of no less interest in view of the posited effects of increasing import competition and lower inflation on the markup. This paper offers evidence on the evolution of the markups for the Canadian business sector and 33 disaggregate industries over the 1961–2004 period. It is found that the business sector markup has declined since the mid-1980s, and that import competition has made a statistically significant but small contribution to this decline.
FOUR BRANCHES YAGI ARRAY OF MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA'S DESIGN AND ANALYSIS FOR WIRELESS LAN APPLICATION

This paper presents the design and analysis of a new kind of Yagi array microstrip patch antenna which appropriate for wireless LAN application. The design is a derivative of the original microstrip Yagi antenna of two branches that comprises of two elements including driven and parasitic elements which consists of reflector and directors. The analysis has been carried out to identify the effect of adding another two more branches in comparison to the microstrip Yagi structure of one branch and two branches. The four branches of this microstrip Yagi antenna has been connected using two branches that are cooperated to each other in a composite array format using corporate-feed network. The proposed antenna design is fed by microstrip line that based on quarter wave impedance matching technique and simulated using Computer Simulation Tool (CST) Microwave Studio. The simulation result of return loss has shown the operated frequency at 5.6 GHz that is appropriate coverage standard of IEEE 802.11 in 5 GHz band between 5.15-5.875 GHz. The proposed four branches Yagi array of microstrip patch antenna can also achieve a gain above 10 dB and a high front-to-back (F/B) ratio as much as 13 dB.
Optimization of Microwave Accelerated Extraction of Resveratrol from Tree Bark

Resveratrol is a compound with various properties of interest. Traditionally it is extracted from tree bark via a Soxhlet extraction. Due to the high energy cost of Soxhlet extraction, this project studied a possible alternative method known as microwave accelerated extraction. Microwave trials were run testing solvents and times of bark extraction and compared to a traditional Soxhlet extraction on the same tree sample. Preliminary results suggest that microwave extraction may be more efficient than Soxhlet extraction. A microwave extraction using 0.5 g of Norway spruce bark, 5 mL of ethanol, run for 5 minutes yielded 14.74±0.79 μg/g of bark. A traditional Soxhlet extraction required 5g of bark in 250 mL of ethanol and a run time of 6 hours. It extracted 12.55 μg/g of bark.
aerosols stand out Seasonality of meningitis in Africa and climate forcing : Supplementary data

Supplementary data l http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/suppl/2012/12/01/rsif.2012. 0814.DC1. htm "Data Supplement" References http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/10/79/20120814.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 65 articles, 10 of which can be accessed free Subject collections (192 articles) biomathematics  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections Email alerting service here right-hand corner of the article or click Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the box at the top
Impacts of land redistribution on land management and productivity in the Ethiopian highlands Socioeconomics and Policy Research Working Paper 43

Samuel Benin, International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia John Pender, International Food Policy Research Institute, 2033 K Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20006, USA © 2002 ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute) All rights reserved. Parts of this document may be reproduced without express permission for non-commercial use but with acknowledgment to ILRI. ISBN 92–9146–113–X Correct citation: Benin S. and Pender J. 2002. Impacts of land redistribution on land management and productivity in the Ethiopian highlands. Socio-economics and Policy Research Working Paper 43. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. 26 pp.
aPKCi triggers basal extrusion of luminal mammary epithelial cells by tuning contractility and vinculin localization at cell junctions

Significance This study shows that an oncogenic mammary epithelial cell surrounded by normal cells can extrude basally in vivo and invade surrounding tissues without formation of a primary tumor. Here, we show that overexpression of the key polarity protein atypical protein kinase C ι (aPKCi) is sufficient for triggering basally oriented epithelial cell extrusion and early cell invasion into the mammary gland stroma. Moreover, we highlight the importance of the difference between the mechanical properties of aPKCi-overexpressing cells and those of the normal surrounding cells associated with the decrease of vinculin at the cell junction, which triggers cell segregation, the first step toward promoting and controlling the direction of cell extrusion. Metastasis is the main cause of cancer-related deaths. How a single oncogenic cell evolves within highly organized epithelium is still unknown. Here, we found that the overexpression of the protein kinase atypical protein kinase C ι (aPKCi), an oncogene, triggers basally oriented epithelial cell extrusion in vivo as a potential mechanism for early breast tumor cell invasion. We found that cell segregation is the first step required for basal extrusion of luminal cells and identify aPKCi and vinculin as regulators of cell segregation. We propose that asymmetric vinculin levels at the junction between normal and aPKCi+ cells trigger an increase in tension at these cell junctions. Moreover, we show that aPKCi+ cells acquire promigratory features, including increased vinculin levels and vinculin dynamics at the cell–substratum contacts. Overall, this study shows that a balance between cell contractility and cell–cell adhesion is crucial for promoting basally oriented cell extrusion, a mechanism for early breast cancer cell invasion.
Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network and Its Application in Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis under Variable Working Conditions

The rolling bearing is an important part of the train’s running gear, and its operating state determines the safety during the running of the train. Therefore, it is important to monitor and diagnose the health status of rolling bearings. A convolutional neural network is widely used in the field of fault diagnosis because it does not require feature extraction. Considering that the size of the network model is large and the requirements for monitoring equipment are high. This study proposes a novel bearing fault diagnosis method based on lightweight network ShuffleNet V2 with batch normalization and L2 regularization. In the experiment, the one-dimensional time-domain signal is converted into a two-dimensional Time-Frequency Graph (TFG) using a short-time Fourier transform, though the principle of graphics to enhance the TFG dataset. The model mainly consists of two units, one for extracting features and one for spatial down-sampling. The building units are repeatedly stacked to construct the whole model. By comparing the proposed method with the origin ShuffleNet V2, machine learning model and state-of-the-art fault diagnosis model, the generalization of the proposed method for bearing fault diagnosis is verified.
Loughborough University Institutional Repository Performance measurement and KPIs for remanufacturing

• c © 2015 Graham et al. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
The role of common ancestry and gene flow in the evolution of human‐directed play behaviour in dogs

Among‐population variance of phenotypic traits is of high relevance for understanding evolutionary mechanisms that operate in relatively short timescales, but various sources of nonindependence, such as common ancestry and gene flow, can hamper the interpretations. In this comparative analysis of 138 dog breeds, we demonstrate how such confounders can independently shape the evolution of a behavioural trait (human‐directed play behaviour from the Dog Mentality Assessment project). We combined information on genetic relatedness and haplotype sharing to reflect common ancestry and gene flow, respectively, and entered these into a phylogenetic mixed model to partition the among‐breed variance of human‐directed play behaviour while also accounting for within‐breed variance. We found that 75% of the among‐breed variance was explained by overall genetic relatedness among breeds, whereas 15% could be attributed to haplotype sharing that arises from gene flow. Therefore, most of the differences in human‐directed play behaviour among breeds have likely been caused by constraints of common ancestry as a likely consequence of past selection regimes. On the other hand, gene flow caused by crosses among breeds has played a minor, but not negligible role. Our study serves as an example of an analytical approach that can be applied to comparative situations where the effects of shared origin and gene flow require quantification and appropriate statistical control in a within‐species/among‐population framework. Altogether, our results suggest that the evolutionary history of dog breeds has left remarkable signatures on the among‐breed variation of a behavioural phenotype.
Dependence of dielectric constant and loss tangent on electric field in antiferroelectric squaric acid crystal

The double-time thermal Green function method with the symmetric and antisymmetric decoupling scheme and modified pseudospin model proposed by Li and Qin for squaric acid have been used in present study to discuss the effect of electric field on some dielectric properties. Expressions for shift, width, soft mode frequency, dielectric constant, loss and transition temperature have been evaluated. By fitting model values of physical quantities in the theoretical expressions thermal dependence of antiferroelectric mode frequency, dielectric constant and loss have been calculated in presence of electric field in the vicinity of transition temperature. Theoretical results are similar to other antiferroelectric crystals.
Metabolomic Analysis of Radiation-Induced Lung Injury in Rats: The Potential Radioprotective Role of Taurine

Radiation-induced lung injury is a major dose-limiting toxicity that occurs due to thoracic radiotherapy. Metabolomics is a powerful quantitative measurement of low-molecular-weight metabolites in response to environmental disturbances. However, the metabolomic profiles of radiation-induced lung injury have not been reported yet. In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a single dose of 10 or 20 Gy irradiation to the right lung. One week after radiation, the obvious morphological alteration of lung tissues after radiation was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining through a transmission electron microscope. We then analyzed the metabolites and related pathways of radiation-induced lung injury by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and a total of 453 metabolites were identified. Compared to the nonirradiated left lung, 19 metabolites (8 upregulated and 11 downregulated) showed a significant difference in 10 Gy irradiated lung tissues, including mucic acid, methyl-β-d-galactopyranoside, quinoline-4-carboxylic acid, and pyridoxine. There were 31 differential metabolites (16 upregulated and 15 downregulated) between 20 Gy irradiated and nonirradiated lung tissues, including taurine, piperine, 1,2,4-benzenetriol, and lactamide. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes–based pathway analysis enriched 32 metabolic pathways between the irradiated and nonirradiated lung tissues, including pyrimidine metabolism, ATP-binding cassette transporters, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and β-alanine metabolism. Among the dysregulated metabolites, we found that taurine promoted clonogenic survival and reduced radiation-induced necrosis in human embryonic lung fibroblast (HELF) cells. This study provides evidence indicating that radiation induces metabolic alterations of the lung. These findings significantly advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of radiation-induced lung injury from the perspective of metabolism.
Differential contributions of the two human cerebral hemispheres to action timing

Rhythmic actions benefit from synchronization with external events. Auditory-paced finger tapping studies indicate the two cerebral hemispheres preferentially control different rhythms. It is unclear whether left-lateralized processing of faster rhythms and right-lateralized processing of slower rhythms bases upon hemispheric timing differences that arise in the motor or sensory system or whether asymmetry results from lateralized sensorimotor interactions. We measured fMRI and MEG during symmetric finger tapping, in which fast tapping was defined as auditory-motor synchronization at 2.5 Hz. Slow tapping corresponded to tapping to every fourth auditory beat (0.625 Hz). We demonstrate that the left auditory cortex preferentially represents the relative fast rhythm in an amplitude modulation of low beta oscillations while the right auditory cortex additionally represents the internally generated slower rhythm. We show coupling of auditory-motor beta oscillations supports building a metric structure. Our findings reveal a strong contribution of sensory cortices to hemispheric specialization in action control.
Irrigation and Bradyrhizobium Japonicum Inoculation Effects on Performance of Soybean Production in Tropical Guinea Savanna Zone of Ghana

A field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of irrigation regimes and Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains on the performance of soybean cultivar TGX1440-IE. The study was carried out for two consecutive years during the dry season (February-May) at Tono Irrigation Project site in a Guinea Savannah zone of Ghana. Three irrigation regimes based on soybean crop water requirements (full or normal (W0), half (W1) and one and a half (W2) crop water requirements) and two strains of B. japonicum (LS-50 and TAL-120) along with one uninoculated treatments with three replications were laid out in a split-plot randomized complete block design. The LS-50 strain inoculated soybean (I2) had the highest value in the number of nodulation, growth, yield and WUE, followed by the uninoculated (I0) and the TAL-120 (I1) had the least. The LS-50 strain significantly (P<0.01) increased the number of nodulation, growth, yield and WUE by 15 %, 14 %, 10 % and 12 % respectively over the uninoculated soybean. The one and a half irrigation regime (W2) also had the highest values for all crop parameters determined except WUE followed by the full irrigation regime (W0) and the half irrigation (W1) had the least. W1 however, had the highest WUE, followed by W0 and then W2. The one and a half irrigation regime significantly (P<0.01) increased the number of nodulation, growth and yield by 23%, 28% and 10 % respectively but decreased WUE by 65%, over the full irrigation regime. However, the half irrigation increased the WUE by 36 % over the full irrigation regime. The interaction of LS 50 strain and the one and a half irrigation regime (W2I2) had significant (P<0.05) increase in the growth by 45 % , decrease in WUE by 27 % and insignificant increase in yield over the interaction of uninoculated and full irrigation regime (W0I0). However the interaction of LS 50 strain and half irrigation regime (W1I2) increased the WUE by 95 % over the interaction of uninoculated and full irrigation regime (W0I0). Keywords: Soybean cultivar, Tono Irrigation Project, Crop water, LS-50 strain, TAL-120 strain.