Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stocks of paracetamol products stored in urban New Zealand households: A cross-sectional study

Background Intentional self-harm is a common cause of hospital presentations in New Zealand and across the world, and self-poisoning is the most common method of self-harm. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is frequently used in impulsive intentional overdoses, where ease of access may determine the choice of substance. Objective This cross-sectional study aimed to determine how much paracetamol is present and therefore accessible in urban New Zealand households, and sources from where it has been obtained. This information is not currently available through any other means, but could inform New Zealand drug policy on access to paracetamol. Methods Random cluster-sampling of households was performed in major urban areas of two cities in New Zealand, and the paracetamol-containing products, quantities, and sources were recorded. Population estimates of proportions of various types of paracetamol products were calculated. Results A total of 174 of the 201 study households (86.6%) had at least one paracetamol product. Study households had mostly prescription products (78.2% of total mass), and a median of 24.0 g paracetamol present per household (inter-quartile range 6.0–54.0 g). Prescribed paracetamol was the main source of large stock. Based on the study findings, 53% of New Zealand households had 30 g or more paracetamol present, and 36% had 30 g or more of prescribed paracetamol, specifically. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of assessing whether and how much paracetamol is truly needed when prescribing and dispensing it. Convenience of appropriate access to therapeutic paracetamol needs to be balanced with preventing unnecessary accumulation of paracetamol stocks in households and inappropriate access to it. Prescribers and pharmacists need to be aware of the risks of such accumulation and assess the therapeutic needs of their patients. Public initiatives should be rolled out at regular intervals to encourage people to return unused or expired medicines to pharmacies for safe disposal.
Melittopalynology and Trophic niche analysis of Apis cerana and Apis mellifera in Yunnan Province of Southwest China

The present study reports results of qualitative melittopalynological analyses of 34 honey samples of Apis cerana and Apis mellifera between 2011 and 2012 in Mengzi (China Yunnan) and the trophic niche analysis of two bee species on pollen food resources. A diverse spectrum of 17 pollen types from 14 families was identified with the Asteraceae and Myrtaceae being most frequent at non-nectar flow and the Lythraceae being most frequent at main nectar flow of pomegranate. The results of trophic niche analysis to Apis cerana and Apis mellifera are these, at non-nectar flow, the Niche breadth are 0.65 and 0.57, respectively; at nectar flow, the values are 0.41 and 0.24, respectively. Trophic niche overlap index, the value of nectar flow(0.68) is greater than non-nectar flow(0.61). Interspecific competition index, the value of nectar flow(0.92) is also greater than non-nectar flow(0.77). These results may promote the development of local beekeeping and help scholars assessing the impact of introduced bees on native bees in China.
The proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and TNF‐α modulate corneal epithelial wound healing through p16Ink4a suppressing STAT3 activity

The proinflammatory cytokines interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) are involved in the corneal inflammatory response and wound healing following corneal injuries. However, the mechanism by which proinflammatory cytokines modulate corneal epithelial wound healing remains unclear. In this study, we found that IL‐1β or TNF‐α was transiently elevated during corneal epithelial wound healing in mice. After corneal epithelial debridement, persistent treatment with IL‐1β or TNF‐α restrained the level of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p‐STAT3) and boosted the level of cell cycle inhibitor p16Ink4a, resulting in impaired corneal epithelial repair. When p16Ink4a was deleted, the p‐STAT3 level in corneal epithelium was enhanced and corneal epithelial wound healing was clearly accelerated. In diabetic mice, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and p16Ink4a appeared a sustained and strong expression in the corneal epithelium, and p16Ink4a knockdown partially reverted the defective diabetic corneal epithelial repair. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation proved that p16Ink4a interacted with p‐STAT3 and thus possibly suppressed the STAT3 activity. Our findings revealed a novel mechanism that the proinflammatory cytokines modulate corneal epithelial wound healing via the p16Ink4a‐STAT3 signaling.
Binding of MCF‐7 cell mitochondrial proteins and recombinant human estrogen receptors α and β to human mitochondrial dna estrogen response elements

Our previous studies have shown that 17β estradiol (E2) enhances the transcript levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)‐encoded genes and mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) activity via estrogen receptors (ER). Others have reported the presence of putative estrogen responsive elements (ERE) in human mtDNA (mtEREs) and detection of ERs in mitochondria of rat uterine and ovary cells. Recently, we demonstrated the E2‐enhanced mitochondrial localization of ERα and ERβ, and E2‐induced mtDNA transcript levels in MCF‐7 cells. In this study, we applied electrophoresis mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to determine if mitochondrial extracts, recombinant human ERα (rhERα), and rhERβ interact with mtEREs. Using EMSAs, we observed that ER‐containing mitochondrial extracts bound to mtEREs and the binding was enhanced by E2, whereas the binding of mitochondrial proteins from ERβ‐deficient cells was almost undetectable. Both rhERα and rhERβ bound to the mtEREs and their binding was altered by their respective antibodies. However, the ERα antibodies did not alter the binding of MCF‐7 cell mitochondrial extracts to mtEREs whereas the binding MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cell mitochondrial extracts to mtEREs was reduced by ERβ antibody. These results suggest that the mtERE‐bound mitochondrial protein is ERβ. Using SPR, we observed the binding of both ERs to mtEREs and that the binding was increased by E2. These results indicate that the mitochondrial ERs can interact with mtEREs and suggest that they may be directly involved in E2 induction of mtDNA transcription. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temporal Patterns in Performance of the 30 s Chair-Stand Test Evince Differences in Physical and Mental Characteristics among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Japan

Studies involving the 30 s chair-stand test (CS-30) have shown that subjects’ movements can vary during the test, and that these variations may follow several patterns. The present study aimed to define these different patterns and their respective incidences among a population of community-dwelling older adults in Japan. We also investigated, among the patterns identified, potential associations with physical and mental characteristics. The study population comprised 202 community-dwelling older adults. Subjects were classified into four groups based on how their CS-30 performance (defined through sit–stand–sit cycle count) changed over three successive 10 s segments: “steady-goers,” “fluctuators,” “decelerators,” and “accelerators. ” Several other measures were also evaluated, including sit-up count, knee-extension strength, toe-grip strength, and Mini-Mental State Examination score. We found that steady-goers and decelerators comprised 70% of the sample. Fluctuators and steady-goers showed comparable physical function. Decelerators exhibited significant correlations between CS-30 score (total cycles) and tasks involving persistence and repetitive actions (p < 0.05). In addition, accelerators showed significantly stronger knee extension than steady-goers (p < 0.01). Differences in temporal patterns of CS-30 performance corresponded to differences in certain dimensions of physical and mental function. Our findings may be useful for planning and evaluating intervention programs aimed at long-term-care prevention among community-dwelling older adults.
Development of an Accurate Resonant Frequency Controlled Wire Ultrasound Surgical Instrument

Our developed wire ultrasound surgical instrument comprises a bolt-clamped Langevin ultrasonic transducer (BLUT) fabricated by PMN-PZT single crystal material due to high mechanical quality factor and electromechanical coupling coefficient, a waveguide in the handheld instrument, and a generator instrument. To ensure high performance of wire ultrasound surgical instruments, the BLUT should vibrate at an accurate frequency because the BLUT’s frequency influences hemostasis and the effects of incisions on blood vessels and tissues. Therefore, we implemented a BLUT with a waveguide in the handheld instrument using a developed assembly jig process with impedance and network analyzers that can accurately control the compression force using a digital torque wrench. A generator instrument having a main control circuit with a low error rate, that is, an output frequency error rate within ±0.5% and an output voltage error rate within ±1.6%, was developed to generate the accurate frequency of the BLUT in the handheld instrument. In addition, a matching circuit between the BLUT and generator instrument with a network analyzer was developed to transfer displacement vibration efficiently from the handheld instrument to the end of the waveguide. Using the matching circuit, the measured S-parameter value of the generator instrument using a network analyzer was −24.3 dB at the resonant frequency. Thus, our proposed scheme can improve the vibration amplitude and accuracy of frequency control of the wire ultrasound surgical instrument due to developed PMN-PZT material and assembly jig process.
Toward Sustainable Environmental Quality: Priority Research Questions for Asia

Environmental and human health challenges are pronounced in Asia, an exceptionally diverse and complex region where influences of global megatrends are extensive and numerous stresses to environmental quality exist. Identifying priorities necessary to engage grand challenges can be facilitated through horizon scanning exercises, and to this end we identified and examined 23 priority research questions needed to advance toward more sustainable environmental quality in Asia, as part of the Global Horizon Scanning Project. Advances in environmental toxicology, environmental chemistry, biological monitoring, and risk‐assessment methodologies are necessary to address the adverse impacts of environmental stressors on ecosystem services and biodiversity, with Asia being home to numerous biodiversity hotspots. Intersections of the food–energy–water nexus are profound in Asia; innovative and aggressive technologies are necessary to provide clean water, ensure food safety, and stimulate energy efficiency, while improving ecological integrity and addressing legacy and emerging threats to public health and the environment, particularly with increased aquaculture production. Asia is the largest chemical‐producing continent globally. Accordingly, sustainable and green chemistry and engineering present decided opportunities to stimulate innovation and realize a number of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Engaging the priority research questions identified herein will require transdisciplinary coordination through existing and nontraditional partnerships within and among countries and sectors. Answering these questions will not be easy but is necessary to achieve more sustainable environmental quality in Asia. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1485–1505. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Aerosol clearance times to better communicate safety after aerosol‐generating procedures

As infection prevention and control, specifically transmission-based precautions and personal protective equipment, have become important topics in recent months, one issue has become a particular bugbear. Hospitals cannot interpret recommendations without knowing the air exchange rates in their hospital locations, although typical exchange rates may be 2.h SP -1 sp on a ward, 6.h SP -1 sp on an intensive care unit (ICU) and 20.h SP -1 sp in an operating theatre. [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Anaesthesia is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Variations in Weight and Proximate Composition of Newly Hatched Octopus vulgaris (Cuvier 1797) Paralarvae

Abstract Survival and growth of juvenile octopi vary considerably. The objective of this research was to determine variations in weight, total lipids (TL), and total protein (TP) of newly hatched Octopus vulgaris paralarvae (0 days old) over the course of the spawning period. Newly hatched paralarvae dry weight from three females decreased throughout the spawning period. Similarly, newly hatched paralarvae TL percent decreased consistently (p < 0.05) in two of them and remained similar (p > 0.05) for the third female. Contrary, TP% did not vary regardless of the female or the time of hatching throughout paralarvae spawning. In conclusion, we believe that paralarvae used in O. vulgaris culture should be collected during the first 10 days of spawning, as they are larger and have higher lipid content; this increases the chances of a successful paralarvae culture, which is the major bottleneck in the culture of this species.
Weed Functional Diversity as Affected by Agroecological Service Crops and No-Till in a Mediterranean Organic Vegetable System

This paper explores the effect of agroecological service crops (ASCs), i.e., crops included in the crop rotation for their ecosystem services, terminated with an in-line tillage roller crimper (ILRC) on weed community composition and their functional traits in comparison to a tilled control without ASC. A two-year study was performed in a long-term experiment with vegetables under organic management. Four different cereal crops were introduced as ASCs. Weed abundance and richness and the functional traits were assessed at three different stages, i.e., before and after ASC termination and before harvest of the following crop, melon. All the ASCs showed strong weed suppression, with few differences between the cereals tested. Weed communities with ASCs had later flowering onset and wider flowering span compared to the control, which positively affects weed dispersal and attraction of beneficial insects. However, weed communities with ASCs had higher values for traits related to competition (specific leaf area, seed weight and more perennials). A trade-off between weed suppression and selection of more competitive weed communities by the introduction of ASCs managed with the ILRC should be evaluated in the long-run. The use of the ILRC alternating with other soil management practices seems the more effective strategy to benefit from the minimal soil tillage while avoiding the selection of disservice-related traits in the weed community.
Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis are not dependent on p53 prior to p53‐dependent embryonic stem cell differentiation

Previous efforts to determine whether or not the transcription factor and tumor suppressor protein p53 is required for DNA damage‐induced apoptosis in pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) produced contradictory conclusions. To resolve this issue, p53+/+ and p53−/− ESCs derived by two different methods were used to quantify time‐dependent changes in nuclear DNA content; annexin‐V binding; cell permeabilization; and protein expression, modification, and localization. The results revealed that doxorubicin (Adriamycin [ADR]) concentrations 10 to 40 times less than commonly used in previous studies induced the DNA damage‐dependent G2‐checkpoint and completed apoptosis within the same time frame, regardless of the presence or absence of p53, p21, and PUMA. Increased ADR concentrations delayed initiation of apoptosis in p53−/− ESCs, but the rates of apoptosis remained equivalent. Similar results were obtained by inducing apoptosis with either staurosporine inhibition of kinase activities or WX8 disruption of lysosome homeostasis. Differentiation of ESCs by LIF deprivation revealed p53‐dependent formation of haploid cells, increased genomic stability, and suppression of the G2‐checkpoint. Minimal induction of DNA damage now resulted in p53‐facilitated apoptosis, but regulation of pluripotent gene expression remained p53‐independent. Primary embryonic fibroblasts underwent p53‐dependent total cell cycle arrest (a prelude to cell senescence), and p53‐independent apoptosis occurred in the presence of 10‐fold higher levels of ADR, consistent with previous studies. Taken together, these results reveal that the multiple roles of p53 in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis are first acquired during pluripotent stem cell differentiation.
Purification and Characterization of Apolipohorin‐III in Cabbage Butterfly, Artogeia rapae

ABSTRACT The apoLp‐III in the adult hemolymph of Artogeia rapae can associate reversibly with lipophorin. The apoLp‐III was purified from the adult and larval hemolymph by KBr density gradient ultracentrifugation, gel permeation chromatography anion exchange chromatography and preparative electrophoresis (Prep Cell). ApoLp‐I, ApoLp‐II and apoLp‐III have the molecular weights of 212 kDa, 80 kDa respectively. N‐terminal sequence of apoLp‐III were determined. The N‐terminal amino acid sequence of apoLp‐III shows 50‐57% identity with those of other lepidopteran insects. apoLp‐III has the antibacterial activity. Injection of bacteria increase the concentration of apoLp‐III in the hemolymph, indicating that apoLp‐III plays a role in insect immunity. Immunological analysis was also investigated with the anti‐apoLp‐III.
Activated Clotting Time as a Marker of Inflammation in Hospitalized Patients

Inflammation and coagulation pathways are implicated in circulatory disease, but their interaction has not been completely deciphered yet. In this study, we investigated the association of coagulation and inflammation indices (activated clotting time [ACT], C-reactive protein, neutrophils) in hospitalized patients. Blood samples were drawn from consecutive patients at admission and at 48 hours for the assessment of the aforementioned parameters (n = 63). Healthy controls matched for sex and age were also examined (n = 39). Activated clotting time positively correlated with CRP on admission (r = 0.354, P = .005), while the correlation was more robust on the second day (r = 0.775, P < .001). Activated clotting time was significantly more prolonged in patients with abnormal CRP or abnormal absolute neutrophil count compared to patients with normal inflammatory markers (U = 55.0, P < .001 and U = 310.5, P = .035, respectively). At 48 hours, a positive relationship was observed between ACT and relative percentage of neutrophils (r = 0.358, P = .004). These findings suggest a link between ACT and inflammation indices for the first time in humans. Further research is needed to determine whether these interrelations can be used to improve patient management.
A metacognitive intervention in mathematics at university level

The paper reports the main results of an instructional study. The study was aimed at improving the performance in mathematics of a group of university students of biology who repeatedly failed the final examination of a compulsory course in mathematics. The main difficulties of these students seemed to be metacognitive and affective in nature. The training therefore worked on metacognitive and affective features: knowledge about cognition, monitoring, beliefs, emotions and attitudes. The intervention was successful: at the end of the course all students passed the examination that they had failed so often. The results also suggest that it may be possible (and necessary) to ‘teach learning to learn’ mathematics.
Nitrogen and phosphorus digestibility and excretion of different‐sized groups of milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsskal) fed formulated and natural food‐based diets

This study determined the digestibility of nitrogen and phosphorus, and the excretion rate of different-sized groups of milkfish fed a commercial diet, a SEAFDEC formulated diet or lab-lab (natural food-based diet). Fish (31.2–263.0 g) were stocked in 12 units of 300-L fibreglass tanks filled with aerated seawater. The postprandial total ammonia-nitrogen (TAN) and phosphate (PO4-P) excretion of fish were estimated from changes in TAN and PO4-P concentrations in water for 24 h. Digestibility was determined from the nitrogen, phosphorus and Cr2O3 content of the diets, and pooled faeces after the fish had been fed diets marked with chromic oxide. TAN excretion rate (mg TAN kg−1 fish day−1) was significantly lowest (P < 0.05) in medium to very big fish fed the lab-lab diet (60.8–124.4) and highest in small and medium fish fed the SEAFDEC diet (333.3–331.6) and small fish fed the commercial diet (280.1). Regardless of size, fish fed lab-lab excreted (mg PO4-P kg−1 fish day−1) significantly lower PO4-P (36.2) but did not differ with fish fed the commercial diet (64.8). Excretion rates decreased exponentially as fish weight increased but positively increased with feed ration. Excretion pattern of milkfish revealed two peaks: the first peak occurred 6 h after feeding and the second peak at 18 h for TAN and 21 h for PO4-P, coinciding with the start of the daylight hours. TAN and PO4-P excretion accounted for 20.5–34.6% of total N consumed and 18.7–42.6% of P consumed respectively. Approximately 27.9–42.5% of N consumed and 47.2–58.5% of P consumed were lost as faeces. Total nutrient losses were lower using the lab-lab diet (0.31 g N and 0.14 g P kg−1 fish) compared with the formulated diets (0.47–0.48 g N and 0.17–0.19 g P kg−1 fish); the losses decreased per kg of fish as fish size increased. Results suggest that the diet and size of fish influence wastage of N and P to the environment with greater losses in small fish and when artificial diets are used. Such measurements will provide valuable information for the preparation of N and P budgets for milkfish in grow-out systems.
Conservation genetics of the wood turtle (Glyptemys insculpta) in Quebec, Canada

Throughout its range, the long-term persistence of the wood turtle (Glyptemys insculpta Le Conte, 1830) is jeopardized by habitat perturbations and commercial collection. The main objective of this study was to acquire knowledge on the genetic structure of wood turtle populations within Quebec, where the species reaches the northernmost limit of its range, to identify proper conservation units. The six known populations in Quebec were genetically characterized using five microsatellite loci. Genetic analyses revealed high variability among all populations (HO ranging from 0.561 to 0.886), suggesting that past population declines have not yet affected their genetic diversity. Since populations are located on both shores of the St. Lawrence River, two colonization hypotheses were tested to determine whether the River acted as a dispersal route or as a barrier. Results of AMOVA tests, phylogenetic analyses, and assignment tests demonstrated the clear distinction between populations from both shores, and thre.