Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new nose tip-defining technique for Asians using autologous cartilage prefabricated with octyl-2-cyanoacrylate adhesive.

OBJECTIVES To form and test a prefabricated, 3-dimensional tip graft structure from autologous cartilage pieces and octyl-2-cyanoacrylate adhesive (Dermabond). Displacement and instability of grafted cartilage are common drawbacks of endonasal tip surgery, and we evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of octyl-2-cyanoacrylate adhesive for clinical use. METHODS Three New Zealand rabbits were examined in this study. We cut auricular cartilage into pieces of approximately 1 x 2 cm and glued them together with octyl-2-cyanoacrylate. Three months after subcutaneous implantation in the rabbits, we histopathologically analyzed foreign body reactions, histotoxic effects, and the structure of the regenerative tissue in the implanted cartilage. Furthermore, from human patients we harvested small pieces of autologous cartilage and cemented them together with octyl-2-cyanoacrylate adhesive to prefabricate 3-dimensional tip grafts, which we then inserted into the nasal tips of patients via an endonasal approach to project and contour the nasal tip. The changes in tip definition of 42 Asian patients were analyzed. RESULTS Octyl-2-cyanoacrylate adhesive interacts well with cartilage tissues with no systemic or local adverse effects. Its ability to bond cartilage instantaneously allows for the fabrication of intricate cartilage implant components. The aesthetic results in 42 cases were excellent, and the implants were both safe and effective. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that octyl-2-cyanoacrylate can be safely used in endonasal tip surgery to produce excellent cosmetic outcomes in Asian subjects.
Science, Mathematics, Computer Science, Software Engineering

This paper examines three ideas: First, the traditional relationship between a science, the mathematics it uses and the engineering based on it. Second, the nature of (software) computer science, which may not be a science at all, and its unusual use of mathematics. And finally, the nature of software engineering, its relationship with computer science, and its use of mathematics called ‘formal methods’. These three ideas turn on the first of them, since the scientific world view seems natural for the study of computing. The paper's thesis is that while software touches science in many ways, it does not itself have a significant scientific component. For understanding programming, for teaching it and for applying it in the world, science is the wrong model. Mathematics has found its own foundations apart from science, and computer science must do the same.
Supporting trauma-informed recovery care through clinical feedback in community mental health research.

OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated the feasibility of integrating a clinical feedback mechanism into trauma-focused psychosocial recovery research. METHODS Ethnoculturally diverse mental health consumers (N = 172) participating in a study of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder were provided the option to have their personal research data disclosed to their treatment providers to guide recovery treatment. RESULTS The majority of consumers (68%) requested that researchers disclose their personal trauma information to their treatment providers. Disclosure rates were similar across gender and racial background; however, rates were significantly higher for consumers exposed versus not exposed to childhood sexual abuse (81% vs. 64%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Study findings suggest that consumers are open to sharing sensitive information collected during research participation including history of trauma exposure and trauma-related difficulties with recovery providers, and support the viability of incorporating individualized clinical feedback into trauma research to promote recovery care.
Recovery and severe mental illness: The role of romantic relationships, intimacy, and sexuality.

OBJECTIVE The overall aim of this article is to examine the self-defined role of romantic relationships, intimacy and sexuality in recovery from severe mental illness. METHOD Semistructured interviews were conducted with 35 people with severe mental illness, accompanied by participant observation. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS The vast majority of participants considered a supportive relationship that was emotionally or sexually intimate to be a key facilitator and indicator of recovery. However, only a small minority of participants were actually in such a relationship. Participants reported numerous barriers to forming and maintaining such relationships such as financial strain and enduring stigma against people with mental illness. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Addressing relational and intimate needs have not been a focus of traditional psychiatric services. As such, some form of "supported dating" within the field of psychosocial rehabilitation may be an essential development to foster an oft-overlooked but important aspect of recovery. (PsycINFO Database Record
EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTA IN INFANCY AND IN CHILDHOOD: REPORT OF ONE CASE IN A THIRTEEN DAY OLD INFANT; NECROPSY; ABSTRACTS OF THE CASES IN THE LITERATURE

Embolism of the abdominal aorta at the bifurcation with secondary thrombosis of both common iliac arteries, though comparatively uncommon, is of interest to the clinician because of the sudden onset of the symptoms, the marked and dramatic disturbance resulting from blockage of the arterial circulation and the necessity of immediate surgical intervention for possible cure. Surgical procedures on the arteries in general have awakened a great deal of interest during the past decade, and a sufficient number of cases of successful arteriotomy and embolectomy have been reported to warrant the feeling that if skilful surgical measures are resorted to promptly the life of the patient may be saved and gangrene of the extremities averted. Before surgical measures can be instituted, the clinician must correctly diagnose the presence of an arterial embolus and accurately localize the obstruction. No time can be lost, for every hour saved after the onset of the
Patient‐treatment matching with anti‐craving medications in alcohol‐dependent patients: A review on phenotypic, endophenotypic and genetic indicators

Objectives: Craving plays an important role in the development and maintenance of alcohol dependence and in relapse after periods of abstinence. Anti‐craving compounds, such as acamprosate, naltrexone or serotonergic compounds, are found to be only moderately effective. These moderate effects might be due to inadequate matching of specific patients to specific treatments. In 1999, Verheul et al. proposed a three‐pathway model of craving in alcoholics, which hypothesised that reward drinkers would better respond to naltrexone, relief drinkers to acamprosate and obsessive drinkers to serotonergic compounds. However, these matching hypotheses are not yet validated. This article reviews the literature on predictors and matching variables of the effectiveness of pharmacological interventions in alcohol dependent patients directed at the reduction of craving and the prevention of relapse. Methods: Studies were selected through a literature search in September 2004, focusing on matching or predicting variables for anti‐craving compounds in the treatment of alcoholics. Matching or predicting variables were categorised as either phenotypic (e.g., level of baseline anxiety), endophenotypic (e.g., physiological cue reactivity) or genetic (e.g., µ opioid receptor polymorphisms). Results: Studies using clinical or phenotypic effect modifiers have produced inconsistent and rather disappointing results. In contrast, the predictive value of genetic effect modifiers are quite promising (e.g., µ opioid receptor polymorphisms). No studies that looked at endophenotypic predicting or matching variables were identified. Conclusion: It is concluded that phenotypic matching variables might be too distal, i.e., far removed from the pathogenic process, and that matching research should shift its attention toward more proximal variables (e.g., genetic and endophenotypic variables).
Evidence that familial liability for psychosis is expressed as differential sensitivity to cannabis - an analysis of patient-sibling and sibling-control pairs

in the sibling on CAPE positive psychotic experiences in the patient controlling for age, sex, ethnic group, and educational level of both the sibling and the patient and (2) cannabis use in the patient on CAPE positive psychotic experiences in the sibling similarly adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and educational level. Apositiveassociationwouldbesuggestiveoffamilialriskforpsy-choticdisorderpredisposingforbothcannabisuseandCAPEpositivepsychoticexperiences.Themediationmodelthusop-eratesundertheassumptionthattheassociationbetweenanen-vironmentalfactor
Multilevel Analysis to Detect Covert Social Botnet in Multimedia Social Networks

In recent years, social botnets have become a major security threat to both online social networking websites and their users. Social bots communicate over probabilistically unobservable communication channels and steal sensitive information from its victims. Stegobot is a social botnet which uses image steganography to hide the presence of communication. Since these botnets exhibit unique propagation methods, existing botnet detection techniques cannot identify these bots. In this paper, we propose an effective method to detect Stegobot hosts within a monitored social network. Based on the observations, Stegobot often has a differentiable communication pattern because of the unique design and implementation. Hence by investigating each host profile activity, it is possible to determine whether the profile is a Stegobot or normal. Our experiments show that the traffic patterns among Stegobot and normal traffic can be classified efficiently using multilevel social network profile analysis. In addition to the ability to detect bot traffic, a classification model is constructed using profile level and content level analysis to improve the detection ability. The experimental results show that the proposed method can detect Stegobot profiles with more than 97% accuracy and false-positive rate lower than 3%.
Mitochondrial complex I activity and oxidative damage to mitochondrial proteins in the prefrontal cortex of patients with bipolar disorder.

CONTEXT Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress contribute to the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. It remains unclear whether mitochondrial dysfunction, specifically complex I impairment, is associated with increased oxidative damage and, if so, whether this relationship is specific to bipolar disorder. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether decreased levels of the electron transport chain complex I subunit NDUFS7 are associated with complex I activity and increased oxidative damage to mitochondrial proteins in the prefrontal cortex of patients with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or major depressive disorder. DESIGN Postmortem prefrontal cortex from patients and controls were assessed using immunoblotting, spectrophotometric, competitive enzyme immunoassay to identify group differences in expression and activity of complex I, and in oxidative damage in mitochondria. SETTING University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Patients Forty-five patients with a psychiatric disorder (15 each with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and major depressive disorder) and 15 nonpsychiatric control subjects were studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Oxidative damage to proteins and mitochondrial complex I activity. RESULTS Levels of NDUFS7 and complex I activity were decreased significantly in patients with bipolar disorder but were unchanged in those with depression and schizophrenia compared with controls. Protein oxidation, as measured by protein carbonylation, was increased significantly in the bipolar group but not in the depressed or schizophrenic groups compared with controls. We observed increased levels of 3-nitrotyrosine in the bipolar disorder and schizophrenia groups. CONCLUSIONS Impairment of complex I may be associated with increased protein oxidation and nitration in the prefrontal cortex of patients with bipolar disorder. Therefore, complex I activity and mitochondrial dysfunction may be potential therapeutic targets for bipolar disorder.
Approach to Detecting Type-Flaw Attacks Based on Extended Strand Spaces

Many security protocols are vulnerable to type-flaw attacks (TFAs), in which a message variable of one type is essentially substituted with a message of another type by adversary, causing a violation of a security property. The previous approaches mostly focus on how to prevent TFAs on security protocols, which avoid the question: whether an existing protocol (without any change) is vulnerable to TFAs or not. Formal methods provide well-defined languages that allow precise specifications to be written and subsequent rigorous verification procedures to be performed. Analyses of protocols susceptible to TFAs have been attempted using various formalisms. But most of them belong to heuristic methods. The research on type theory is still not mature. In this paper, we introduce a multibranch tag tree, build a strong intruder model and make a classification to extend the strand space model (SSM). This overcomes the limitation of SSM for detecting TFAs on security protocols. Then, based on the extended strand spaces, we establish a three-level model to detect TFAs on security protocols. Our three-level model can verify whether a protocol is susceptible to TFAs and how many TFAs can be launched by the penetrator in the protocol.
Predicting psychosis: meta-analysis of transition outcomes in individuals at high clinical risk.

CONTEXT A substantial proportion of people at clinical high risk of psychosis will develop a psychotic disorder over time. However, the risk of transition to psychosis varies between centers, and some recent work suggests that the risk of transition may be declining. OBJECTIVE To quantitatively examine the literature to date reporting the transition risk to psychosis in subjects at clinical high risk. DATA SOURCES The electronic databases were searched until January 2011. All studies reporting transition risks in patients at clinical high risk were retrieved. STUDY SELECTION Twenty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 2502 patients. DATA EXTRACTION Transition risks, as well as demographic, clinical, and methodologic variables, were extracted from each publication or obtained directly from its authors. DATA SYNTHESIS There was a consistent transition risk, independent of the psychometric instruments used, of 18% after 6 months of follow-up, 22% after 1 year, 29% after 2 years, and 36% after 3 years. Significant moderators accounting for heterogeneity across studies and influencing the transition risks were the age of participants, publication year, treatments received, and diagnostic criteria used. There was no publication bias, and a sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the core findings. CONCLUSIONS The state of clinical high risk is associated with a very high risk of developing psychosis within the first 3 years of clinical presentation, and the risk progressively increases across this period. The transition risk varies with the age of the patient, the nature of the treatment provided, and the way the syndrome and transition to psychosis are defined.
Cardiovascular Risk Investigation: When Should It Start?

Childhood can be considered the period of structuring of life, where patterns such as diet and lifestyle are built. Although atherosclerotic disease (AD) becomes symptomatic at a later period of life, early identification and modification of risk factors may further reduce their incidence (Kelishadi et al., 2002). Thus, several studies demonstrate the importance of investigating the presence of risk factors for atherosclerotic disease at this stage as it may result from profound implications for the risk of developing diseases in adulthood (Lenfant & Savage, 1995; Purath et al., 1995; Gerber & Zielinsky, 1997; Akerblom et al., 1999).
Statistical Estimation and Dynamic Adaptation Algorithms for the iTrust Publication, Search and Retrieval System

The iTrust system is a decentralized and distributed publication, search and retrieval system that makes it difficult to censor or filter information accessed over the Internet. iTrust employs a completely distributed membership algorithm, and a detection and defensive adaptation algorithm that protects against malicious nodes in the membership. These algorithms depend on information that cannot be observed or measured directly, the current size of the membership and the current proportion of malicious nodes in the membership. They use statistical estimation to approximate these network environment parameters, and then they dynamically adapt accordingly. These algorithms provide accurate and timely management of the iTrust system in the presence of membership churn and malicious nodes.
The erosion of autonomy in long-term care

1. The Meaning of Autonomy in Long-Term Care 2. How Did We Get There? A Brief History of the Nursing Home 3. The Setting and Research Strategies 4. The Value Basis of Long-Term Care 5. Caring and Cared For: Role Relationships in Long-Term Care 6. Restrictions 7. Activities and Schedules: The Routine of Daily Life 8. Interaction Patterns and Autonomy 9. Privacy: Access to Space and Property 10. Physical Redirection and Restraint 11. Summary and Implications for Long-Term Care
Null models for dynamic centrality in temporal networks

Dynamic centrality metrics provide a quantitative assessment of the strength of communication between nodes in temporal networks, as well as the overall capacity of the network for the efficient transmission of information. In this article, the behaviours of two variants of the ‘communicability’ metric are examined in simple null models of uncorrelated temporal networks. Analysis of the long-time behaviour of the null models reveals a simple trade-off in the role of the parameters of the metric, suggesting methods to calibrate parameters and to adapt to temporal variations in the network properties. The null models introduced address two main classes of temporal networks (contact sequences and interval graphs), and their predictions are compared and contrasted with results coming from real-world telecommunications data.
Multivitamin use and risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease in the Women's Health Initiative cohorts.

BACKGROUND Millions of postmenopausal women use multivitamins, often believing that supplements prevent chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, we decided to examine associations between multivitamin use and risk of cancer, CVD, and mortality in postmenopausal women. METHODS The study included 161 808 participants from the Women's Health Initiative clinical trials (N = 68 132 in 3 overlapping trials of hormone therapy, dietary modification, and calcium and vitamin D supplements) or an observational study (N = 93 676). Detailed data were collected on multivitamin use at baseline and follow-up time points. Study enrollment occurred between 1993 and 1998; the women were followed up for a median of 8.0 years in the clinical trials and 7.9 years in the observational study. Disease end points were collected through 2005. We documented cancers of the breast (invasive), colon/rectum, endometrium, kidney, bladder, stomach, ovary, and lung; CVD (myocardial infarction, stroke, and venous thromboembolism); and total mortality. RESULTS A total of 41.5% of the participants used multivitamins. After a median of 8.0 years of follow-up in the clinical trial cohort and 7.9 years in the observational study cohort, 9619 cases of breast, colorectal, endometrial, renal, bladder, stomach, lung, or ovarian cancer; 8751 CVD events; and 9865 deaths were reported. Multivariate-adjusted analyses revealed no association of multivitamin use with risk of cancer (hazard ratio [HR], 0.98, and 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91-1.05 for breast cancer; HR, 0.99, and 95% CI, 0.88-1.11 for colorectal cancer; HR, 1.05, and 95% CI, 0.90-1.21 for endometrial cancer; HR, 1.0, and 95% CI, 0.88-1.13 for lung cancer; and HR, 1.07, and 95% CI, 0.88-1.29 for ovarian cancer); CVD (HR, 0.96, and 95% CI, 0.89-1.03 for myocardial infarction; HR, 0.99, and 95% CI, 0.91-1.07 for stroke; and HR, 1.05, and 95% CI, 0.85-1.29 for venous thromboembolism); or mortality (HR, 1.02, and 95% CI, 0.97-1.07). CONCLUSION After a median follow-up of 8.0 and 7.9 years in the clinical trial and observational study cohorts, respectively, the Women's Health Initiative study provided convincing evidence that multivitamin use has little or no influence on the risk of common cancers, CVD, or total mortality in postmenopausal women.
Intimate Partner Violence Victimization in LGBT Young Adults: Demographic Differences and Associations With Health Behaviors

Objective: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an important public health problem with high prevalence and serious costs. Although literature has largely focused on IPV among heterosexuals, studies have recently begun examining IPV in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) samples, with mounting evidence suggesting IPV may be more common among LGBT individuals than heterosexuals. Less research has examined the specific health consequences of IPV in this population, particularly across time and among young people, and it remains unclear whether experiences of IPV differ between subgroups within the LGBT population (e.g., race, gender identity, and sexual orientation). Method: An ethnically diverse sample of 172 LGBT young adults completed self-report measures of IPV, sexual behavior, mental health, and substance abuse at 2 time points (4- and 5-year follow-up) of an ongoing longitudinal study of LGBT youth. Results: IPV was experienced nonuniformly across demographic groups. Specifically, female, male-to-female transgender, and Black/African American young adults were at higher risk compared with those who identified as male, female-to-male transgender, and other races. Being a victim of IPV was associated with concurrent sexual risk taking and prospective mental health outcomes but was not associated with substance abuse. Conclusions: Demographic differences in IPV found in heterosexuals were replicated in this LGBT sample, though additional research is needed to clarify why traditional risk factors found in heterosexual young people may not translate to LGBT individuals. Studies examining the impact of IPV on negative outcomes and revictimization over time may guide our understanding of the immediate and delayed consequences of IPV for LGBT young people.