Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Study on the Transfer of Black Money from India : 1948-2008

This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the drivers and dynamics of black money transfers (illicit financial flows) from India since the first full year after independence until 2008. It is estimated that a total of $213.2 billion was shifted out of India between 1948 and 2008, or about 17.7% of India’s GDP at end-2008. Applying rates of return on these assets based on the short-term US Treasury bill rate, the total gross transfers of illicit assets by Indian residents amount to $462 billion at the end of 2008. Over this period, illicit flows grew at a compound nominal rate of 11.5% per annum while in real terms they grew by 6.4% per annum. An important finding is that illicit flows from India are more likely to have been driven by a complex interplay of structural factors and governance issues than they are by poor macroeconomic policies. There are reasons to believe that the cumulative loss of capital is significantly understated because economic models can neither capture all sources for the generation of illicit funds nor the various means for their transfer.
Health and Environmental Chemistry: Analytical techniques, data management, and quality assurance

This section of the manual has been prepared to document the analytical methodology used by the Los Alamos National Laboratory Health and Environmental Chemistry Group. It is part of the overall quality control effort to support the health, safety, and environmental programs at the Laboratory. The section provides analytical methods for the monitoring of waste discharges under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System. The analytical procedures were developed by the Health and Environmental Chemistry staff, were modified from standard methods developed and evaluated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), or were adapted from procedures found in the literature. The procedures have been tested by chemists and technicians to prove their validity. The methods measure the concentration of the desired analytes with the precision, accuracy, and specificity required by Group HSE-7, Waste Management, and meet the needs of federal legislation. The procedures utilize equipment and skills available in modern waste water chemistry laboratories. Precision and accuracy statements are provided where such data are available. Each procedure is presented in a simple and concise manner and includes interferences, apparatus, reagent preparation, calibration methods, and data reduction formulas.
Molecular Cloning and Docking of Two Glycosyltransferases , Os 02 g 11110 and Os 11 g 38650 , from Oryza sativa L . ปพิชญา นารี

วารสารวิทยาศาสตร์บรูพา ปีที่ 22 (ฉบบัพิเศษ) การประชมุวิชาการระดบัชาติ “วิทยาศาสตร์วิจยั ครัง้ที่ 9” 343 การโคลนและจ าลองโครงสร้างของไกลโคซลิทรานเฟอเรส Os02g11110 และ Os11g38650 จากข้าว (Oryza sativa L.) Molecular Cloning and Docking of Two Glycosyltransferases, Os02g11110 and Os11g38650, from Oryza sativa L. ปพิชญา นารี ปนดัดา จนัทร์เนย และ กฤษณ์ ตนัตนะรัตน์ Paphitchaya Naree, Panatda Jannoey and Krit Tantanarat* 1 ภาควิชาชีวเคมี คณะวิทยาศาสตร์การแพทย์ มหาวิทยาลยันเรศวร 2 ภาควิชาชีวเคมี คณะวิทยาศาสตร์การแพทย์ มหาวิทยาลยันเรศวร Biochemistry Program, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University Received : 11 June 2017 Accepted : 16 July 2017 Published online : 4 August 2017
Leipzig Ice Nucleation chamber Comparison (LINC): intercomparison of four online ice nucleation counters

Abstract. Ice crystal formation in atmospheric clouds has a strong effect on precipitation, cloud lifetime, cloud radiative properties, and thus the global energy budget. Primary ice formation above 235 K is initiated by nucleation on seed aerosol particles called ice-nucleating particles (INPs). Instruments that measure the ice-nucleating potential of aerosol particles in the atmosphere need to be able to accurately quantify ambient INP concentrations. In the last decade several instruments have been developed to investigate the ice-nucleating properties of aerosol particles and to measure ambient INP concentrations. Therefore, there is a need for intercomparisons to ensure instrument differences are not interpreted as scientific findings. In this study, we intercompare the results from parallel measurements using four online ice nucleation chambers. Seven different aerosol types are tested including untreated and acid-treated mineral dusts (microcline, which is a K-feldspar, and kaolinite), as well as birch pollen washing waters. Experiments exploring heterogeneous ice nucleation above and below water saturation are performed to cover the whole range of atmospherically relevant thermodynamic conditions that can be investigated with the intercompared chambers. The Leipzig Aerosol Cloud Interaction Simulator (LACIS) and the Portable Immersion Mode Cooling chAmber coupled to the Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber (PIMCA-PINC) performed measurements in the immersion freezing mode. Additionally, two continuous-flow diffusion chambers (CFDCs) PINC and the Spectrometer for Ice Nuclei (SPIN) are used to perform measurements below and just above water saturation, nominally presenting deposition nucleation and condensation freezing. The results of LACIS and PIMCA-PINC agree well over the whole range of measured frozen fractions (FFs) and temperature. In general PINC and SPIN compare well and the observed differences are explained by the ice crystal growth and different residence times in the chamber. To study the mechanisms responsible for the ice nucleation in the four instruments, the FF (from LACIS and PIMCA-PINC) and the activated fraction, AF (from PINC and SPIN), are compared. Measured FFs are on the order of a factor of 3 higher than AFs, but are not consistent for all aerosol types and temperatures investigated. It is shown that measurements from CFDCs cannot be assumed to produce the same results as those instruments exclusively measuring immersion freezing. Instead, the need to apply a scaling factor to CFDCs operating above water saturation has to be considered to allow comparison with immersion freezing devices. Our results provide further awareness of factors such as the importance of dispersion methods and the quality of particle size selection for intercomparing online INP counters.
Social communication and digital privacy concerns of teenagers.

Despite the growing popularity of Social Networking Sites, little is known about how online behavior, especially that of younger teenagers who are often described as the generation of 'digital natives', is influenced. Abuses and breaches related to digital privacy, such as cyber-bullying and the gathering of 'Big Data' are also becoming ever more prominent, raising concern. Using insights from the Theory of Planned Behavior by Fishbein and Ajzen, this paper thus tries to examine how social communication relates to digital privacy concerns and protective online behavior. Furthermore, the aim of this study is to provide insight into how teenage boys and girls differ when addressing the digital sphere. To do so, questionnaire-based survey data collected from two German secondary schools in 2017 (N=340) is analyzed.
A rapid PCR-based test for species identification of two cryptic bats Pipistrellus pipistrellus and P. pygmaeus and its application on museum and dropping samples

ABSTRACT The identification of two cryptic bat species of the genus Pipistrellus using a non-destructive and quick method of multiplex PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis is described. Two primer combinations were able to produce species-specific bands that identified reliably individuals that were previously identified by mtDNA sequencing. Robustness of the method was subsequently successfully tested on 16 randomly selected free-living animals from central Europe (tissue samples obtained from a 3 mm punch of wing-membrane) identified to species on the basis of echolocation calls. Nine out of 15 museum specimens and 100% of fresh faecal samples from seven individuals were also successfully identified by this method. The described method thus provides a good way to routinely distinguish two Pipistrellus species by using non-destructive sampling of living individuals or droppings, and will be used in field studies of their ecology.
In-situ morphological characterization of coconut in the Coastal Lowlands of Kenya

Characterization of in situ coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) genotypes using morphological descriptors is of primary importance for genetic resources. Variations in five traits were recorded on 48 selected coconut palms located at 0 to 177 m above sea level in the Coastal Lowlands of Kenya. The objective of our study was to characterize coconut palms in the coastal Kenya using morphological markers. Data was recorded on palms that included tall, dwarf and hybrid varieties. Data was analyzed using Genstat Ver 14.2 software. Phylogenetic tree construction, using the neighbour joining method, revealed that the germplasm fell into three major clusters comprising of 2, 25 and 21 genotypes, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the first component (CP1) accounted for 65.54% of the total variation and was associated with the number of green leaves. The second component (PC2) explained 19.71% of the total variation and was associated with stem height. The results from this study indicate that morphological variation for coconut germplasm at the Kenyan coast exists for both qualitative and quantitative characters. Coconut palms did not cluster on the basis of their origin based on the counties grown. Key words: Morphological characterization, Cocos nucifera L. , variation, genetic resources, genetic diversity, cluster analysis.
Stock Price Movement through Technical Analysis: Empirical Evidence from the Information Technology (IT) Sector

Technical analysis forecasts the future asset prices with the use of their historical prices, trading volumes, market action and primarily through the uses of charts that predicts the future price trends. Technical analysis guides the investor to track the market with different indicators which is convenient for their study. Technical indicators aids to analyse the short-term price movement of the shares, most importantly it indicates the turning point and helps in projecting the price movement. This paper is prepared to employ the technical analysis tool to IT index companies. Indicators have been analysed using share prices of companies for 1 years, i.e., from January 2015- December 2015. Study is performed using secondary data, which has been collected from NSE website. The Technical Indicators used for the study are Bollinger Bands and MACD (Moving Average Convergence and Divergence). The purpose of the study is to find the best technical indicator to analyse the share prices.
Thiol-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica for Effective Trap of Mercury in Rats

The chance of exposure to heavy metal for human being rises severely today due to the increasing water contamination and air pollution. Here, we prepared a series of thiol-functionalized mesoporous silica as oral formulation for the prevention and treatment of heavy metal poisoning. The successful incorporation of thiol was verified by the FTIR spectra. SBA15-SH-10 was used for the study as it is of uniform mesopores and fine water dispersibility. In simulated gastrointestinal fluid, the thiol-functionalized mesoporous silica can selectively capture heavy metal, showing a very high affinity for inorganic mercury II. The blood and urine mercury levels of rats fed with a diet containing Hg II and material were significantly lower than those of rats fed with the metal-rich diet only. On the contrary, the mercury content in fecal excretion of the treatment group increased more than twice as much as that of the control group. This result indicated that SBA15-SH-10 could effectively remove mercury II in vivo and the mercury loaded on SBA15-SH-10 would be excreted out. Hence, SBA15-SH-10 has potential application in preventing and treating heavy metal poisoning via digestive system.
The Nutritional Value of Toothless’ Meals

In the 2010 film, How to Train Your Dragon , Toothless is struck down during a dragon raid and loses his left tail-fin, leaving him trapped in The Cove. A previous paper determined that it was unfeasible that Hiccup would be able to carry the amount of fish depicted in the film, however this paper assumes otherwise. This paper investigates the nutritional value of the same amount of fish, and whether this could sustain Toothless and his metabolism. Provided that Toothless receives 13 Icelandic cod and 56 Atlantic Salmon, he takes in 2.95x10 6 kJ of energy and 1328 kg of protein every day. Toothless uses 1.33x10 5 kJ in a day, so the amount of fish Hiccup brings would be sufficient to maintain his metabolism.
Information gathering and presenting (IGP) for mobile shopping

Using the mobile environment (as opposed to the PC environment) as the primary channel for online shopping has not been attempted. The reasons for this are many, including the "PC" nature of the whole online shopping infrastructure and the technology limitations of the mobile environment. Nevertheless, in China, the huge number of mobile users and the large gap between the number of mobile and Internet users (340 million versus 100 million) give good market incentives to making mobile shopping a primary method for online shopping. In this paper we introduce the Information Gathering and Presenting (IGP) technology and its application in mobile shopping. The IGP technology collects and organizes relevant information, presents the precise information that the user is seeking, and helps the user avoid errors in his information search interactions with the system. These capabilities of IGP make it very suitable for information searches and interaction tasks in the mobile environment, where the interaction time is typically short, and the ability of the network to deliver large amounts of data is more constrained than in the PC-broadband case.
New polymorphisms of PAPPA and PAPPA2 genes and their associations with egg production traits in Chinese Dagu chickens

Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, pappalysin1 (PAPPA) and pappalysin2 (PAPPA2) genes were implicated in regulation of hen ovarian follicular development and growth. Four novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified using PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing. Among them, A/G transition at position 172864 and T/C mutation at position 172952 in 3‘-untranslated region (UTR) of PAPPA named SNP A172864G and T172952C, respectively. A/G transition at position 77421 and T/C at position 77455 in 3‘-UTR of PAPPA2 gene named as SNP A77421G and T77455C, respectively. For SNP A172864G and T172952C (PAPPA), 360 Dagu hens were classified as AA, AB and BB genotypes based on PCR-SSCP patterns, and BB genotype correlated significantly (P less than 0.05) with higher hen-housed egg production (HHEP) at 30 and 57 weeks (wks) of age and higher egg weight (EW) at 43 wks of age. Consequently, these SNPs identified will be potential genetic markers to improve egg productivity in chicken breeding.
Response of Soybean Yield Components to Management System and Planting Date

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] area has increased tremendously in the upper Midwest over the last decade, but little information exists regarding the impact of management systems on soybean yield components. Our objective was to assess the effect of management system and planting date on soybean seed yield components and their development for environments typical of the upper Midwest. A field study was conducted from 1997 to 2000 using five management systems. Two newer released cultivars (CX232 and Spansoy 250) and one older cultivar (Hardin) were planted at two planting dates. Few interactions were observed in this study. Management system influenced development of the different yield components and produced seed mass ranging from 10.5 to 16.5 g 100 seed -1 , seed number from 2878 to 3824 seeds m -2 , pod number from 1182 to 1571 pods m -2 , and seeds per pod from 2.36 to 2.49 seeds pod -1 . Harvest index ranged from 56.2 to 58.0% across management systems. Hardin produced the highest harvest index (60.1%) and Spansoy 250 the lowest harvest index (54.5%). Tillage system affected yield components, with no-tillage systems having 15, 9, and 9% greater seed mass, seed number per square meter, and pod number per square meter than the conventional tillage system, respectively. Early planting date produced higher seed number, pod number, and harvest index but lower seed number per pod than the late planting date. In conclusion, differences in yield components and their development emphasize the complexity of plant compensation in response to management system and tillage system.
INNOVATIVE WASTEWATER TREATMENT AS A PREREQUISITE FOR THE USE OF SLUDGE IN AGRICULTURE

This paper is based on the research done in water supply companies on the territory of Vojvodina in the Republic of Serbia. The paper presents an innovative model for wastewater treatment, because wastewater treatment and the disposal of sludge, produced during such treatment, are issues to be tackled not only by the Republic of Serbia, but also other countries in the region and elsewhere. The aim of the paper is to point out, how correct wastewater and sludge treatment can produce sludge, which has valuable agronomic properties. The paper seeks to encourage the correct use of sludge in agriculture in line with Directive 86/278/EEC, adopted by the Council of the European Economic Community to promote the use of sludge in agriculture on reasonable grounds, by ensuring its proper use.
Damping of Power System Low-frequency Oscillations with FESS

Flywheel energy storage system (FESS) can be used for damping power system low-frequency oscillations by compensating for the imbalance power with appropriate control strategy,which has an independent active and reactive power control capability. The principle of damping power system low-frequency oscillations with FESS is theoretically investigated by damping torque analysis (DTA) method. A method is also proposed to select the best installing location,damping control loop,feedback signal based on DTA and to design FESS-based stabilizer by the phase compensation method. All of the analytical conclusions have been confirmed by the results of eigenvalue calculation and non-linear simulation by a four-machine power system example.
Twenty‐One‐Year Simulation of Chesapeake Bay Water Quality Using the CE‐QUAL‐ICM Eutrophication Model

The CE‐QUAL‐ICM (Corps of Engineers Integrated Compartment Water Quality Model) eutrophication model was applied in a 21‐year simulation of Chesapeake Bay water quality, 1985‐2005. The eutrophication model is part of a larger model package and is forced, in part, by models of atmospheric deposition, watershed flows and loads, and hydrodynamics. Results from the model are compared with observations in multiple formats including time series plots, cumulative distribution plots, and statistical summaries. The model indicates only one long‐term trend in computed water quality: light attenuation deteriorates circa 1993 through the end of the simulation. The most significant result is the influence of physical processes, notably stratification and associated effects (e.g., anoxic volume), on computed water quality. Within the application period, physical effects are more important determinants of year‐to‐year variability in computed water quality than external loads.
Determination of amino-acidic positions important for Ocimum basilicum geraniol synthase activity

Terpenes are one of the largest and most diversified families of natural compounds. Although they have found numerous industrial applications, the molecular basis of their synthesis in plants has, until now, not been fully understood. Plant genomes have been shown to contain dozens of terpene synthase (TPS) genes, however knowledge of their amino-acidic protein sequence in not sufficient to predict which terpene(s) will be produced by a particular enzyme. In order to investigate the structural basis of a TPS specificity, we performed site directed mutations in the geraniol synthase from Ocimum basilicum. The results obtained suggest that a specific region on the catalytic site plays an important role in GPP transformation, either by stabilizing the GPP substrate on the catalytic site, or by enabling its transformation into a monoterpenol via an intermediate carbocation.
A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF PEDAGOGICAL ISSUES ARISING FROM THE INTRODUCTION OF THE MALAYSIAN - SMART SCHOOL INITIATIVE

The Malaysia Smart School initiative began in 1999. The intention was to equip Malaysian schools with an impressive array of information technology (IT) facilities and to bring about associated innovation in teaching and learning as well as to equip Malaysian children with the necessary skills to be effective in a modern society. It was initially beset with difficulties arising from the economic situation in Malaysia. Our research focused on the pedagogical changes which teachers had to bring about and how to enacted them. Our approach was to analyse the work of 17 teachers using a qualitative software tool using a literature-based framework of analysis. It was clear from the sample of lessons studied in-depth, that remained constraints on the teacher. There were no accompanying curriculum changes which meant that teachers needed to understand the key purpose of the innovation and should be given the necessary support to enable it to happen. Abstrak: Inisiatif pembentukan Sekolah Bestari di Malaysia bermula dalam tahun 1999. Ia bertujuan untuk melengkapkan sekolah-sekolah di Malaysia dengan kemudahan teknologi maklumat yang baik dan membawa inovasi yang berkaitan dengan proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran seterusnya melengkapkan kanak-kanak di Malaysia dengan kemahiran-kemahiran yang diperlukan supaya lebih efektif dalam masyarakat moden hari ini. Permulaan kajian ini dipenuhi dengan pelbagai masalah yang berpunca daripada situasi ekonomi yang dihadapi oleh Malaysia. Kajian ini berfokus tentang perubahan amalan pedagogi ingin dilaksanakan oleh para guru dan bagaimana untuk menggubalnya. Kajian ini menganalisis 17 orang guru dengan menggunakan peralatan perisian kualitatif berdasarkan rangka kerja analisis literatur. Daripada sampel pengajaran yang dikaji secara mendalam jelaslah bahawa halangan perubahan ini masih berpunca daripada guru. Tidak ada yang mengiringi perubahan kurikulum sedia ada yang mana ia bermaksud guru perlu memahami tujuan utama inovasi ini dan memberi sokongan yang sewajarnya supaya ia dapat dilaksanakan dengan jayanya.