Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A method for determining inert gas ("N2") solubility in urine.

The present interest in the physiology of inert gases makes desirable a more accurate and reproducible method for determining the inert gas content of biological fluids than is currently available (2). This communication describes such a method. The method has been tested on water and used to determine the solubility of the inert gas of air in human urines of different solute concentrations at 370 C.1 Empirical relationships of solubility to osmolality, chloride concentration, and specific gravity are given. Preliminary studies indicate that the method can also be applied to blood. Another communication (3) will describe the method's application to human urine in a manner believed to enable the calculation of the inert gas tension of arterial blood within + 2 mm Hg.
Metabolism of o-[methyl-14C]toluidine in the F344 rat.

1. Following a single dose (400 mg/kg s.c.) of o-[methyl-14C]toluidine to male F344 rats, 56% of the 14C was recovered in the 24 h urine, 2.3% in the faeces and 1% as exhaled 14CO2. After 48 h, 83.9% of the 14C appeared in the urine, 3.3% in the faeces and 1.4% was exhaled. 2. Ether-extractable urinary metabolites were separated by h.p.l.c. and identified as: o-toluidine (5.1% dose); azoxytoluene (0.2%); o-nitrosotoluene (less than or equal to 0.1%); N-acetyl-o-toluidine (0.2%); N-acetyl-o-aminobenzyl alcohol (0.3%); 4-amino-m-cresol (0.6%); N-acetyl-4-amino-m-cresol (0.3%); anthranilic acid (0.3%) and N-acetylanthranilic acid (0.3%). 3. Acid-conjugated urinary metabolites (51% of dose), separated by paper electrophoresis and by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, were identified as sulphates of 4-amino-m-cresol (27.8% dose), N-acetyl-4-amino-m-cresol (8.5%), and 2-amino-m-cresol (2.1%), and glucuronides of 4-amino-m-cresol (2.6%), N-acetyl-4-amino-m-cresol (2.8%) and N-acetyl-o-aminobenzyl alcohol. Evidence for a double acid conjugate of 4-amino-m-cresol was also found. 4. These results show that N-acetylation and hydroxylation at the 4 position of o-toluidine are major metabolic pathways in the rat. Minor pathways include hydroxylation at the 6 position, oxidation of the methyl group and oxidation of the amino group. Sulphate conjugates predominate over glucuronides by a ratio of 6:1.
Genetic Variability in the G Protein Gene of Group A and B Respiratory Syncytial Viruses from India

ABSTRACT Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most commonly identified viral agent of acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) of young children and causes repeat infections throughout life. Limited data are available on the molecular epidemiology of RSV from developing countries, including India. This study reports on the genetic variability in the glycoprotein G gene among RSV isolates from India. Reverse transcription-PCR for a region of the RSV G protein gene was done with nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) collected in a prospective longitudinal study in two rural villages near Delhi and from children with ARI seen in an urban hospital. Nucleotide sequence comparisons among 48 samples demonstrated a higher prevalence of group A (77%) than group B (23%) RSV isolates. The level of genetic variability was higher among the group A viruses (up to 14%) than among the group B viruses (up to 2%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that both the GA2 and GA5 group A RSV genotypes were prevalent during the 2002-2003 season and that genotype GA5 was predominant in the 2003-2004 season, whereas during the 2004-2005 season both genotype GA5 and genotype BA, a newly identified group B genotype, cocirculated in almost equal proportions. Comparison of the nonsynonymous mutation-to-synonymous mutation ratios (dN/dS) revealed greater evidence for selective pressure between the GA2 and GA5 genotypes (dN/dS, 1.78) than within the genotypes (dN/dS, 0.69). These are among the first molecular analyses of RSV strains from the second most populous country in the world and will be useful for comparisons to candidate vaccine strains.
Common-mode voltage reduction techniques of three-phase Quasi Z-Source Inverter for AC drives

This paper presents the modulation techniques to reduce the common mode voltage (CMV) and common mode current (CMC) in 3-Φ Quasi Z-Source Inverter (q-ZSI) for AC drive systems. A modified Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation technique with reduced number of commutation per sector was used to minimize the CMV and CMC without adding extra circuitry (filters and/or leakage current isolation/bypass circuits) in a q-ZSI whilst maintaining the boost capability of q-ZSI by inserting the shoot-through vector in between the active state vector. Detailed analysis of the modified SVPWM technique to reduce the CMV and CMC of q-ZSI is presented, and performance of the proposed system has been verified using Matlab Simulink.
Sufficiently Important Difference: Expanding the Framework of Clinical Significance

Background . It is generally agreed that randomized controlled trials should be powered to detect small but clinically significant treatment effects. Toward these ends, minimal important difference (MID) was proposed as a benchmark for designing trials and for interpreting health-related quality-of-life instrument scores. MID was defined in 1989 as “the smallest difference in score in the domain of interest which patients perceive as beneficial and which would mandate, in the absence of troubling side effects and excessive cost, a change in the patient’s management. ” Objective. 1) To expand the idea of minimal clinically important difference so as to take into account harms as well as benefits. 2) To propose concepts and methods with which to do so. Summary . The authors define sufficiently important difference (SID) as the smallest amount of patient-valued benefit that an intervention would require to justify associated costs, risks, and other harms. As a means toward estimation of SID, the authors propose benefit-harm tradeoff methods, in which domains of benefit and harm are systematically traded off against each other and assessed in relation to the global decision of whether a treatment choice is worthwhile. Specific SID estimates can be used to power and interpret clinical trials or to inform health services research and/or public health policy. This article briefly describes the evolution of the important difference concept and outlines similarities and differences between MID and SID.
First Look at the Occurrence of Horizontally Oriented Ice Crystals over Summit, Greenland

Abstract. The microphysical properties of clouds play a significant role in determining their radiative effect; one of these properties is the orientation of ice crystals. A source of error in current microphysical retrievals and model simulations is the assumption that clouds are composed of only randomly oriented ice crystals (ROIC). This assumption is frequently not true, as evidenced by optical phenomena such as parhelia (commonly referred to as sundogs). Here, observations from the Cloud, Aerosol and Polarization Backscatter Lidar (CAPABL) at Summit, Greenland are utilized along with instruments that are part of the Integrated Characterization of Energy, Clouds, Atmospheric state and Precipitation at Summit (ICECAPS) project in order to determine when, where and under what conditions horizontally oriented ice crystals (HOIC) occur at Summit, Greenland. Between July 2015 and May 2016, HOIC are observed on 86 days of the 335-day study. HOIC occurred within stratiform clouds on 48 days, in precipitation on 32 days and in cirrus clouds on 14 days. Analysis of all of the cases found that, on average, in comparison to ROIC, HOIC occur at higher temperatures, higher wind speeds and lower heights above ground level. Differences were also present in the relative humidities (RHs) at which HOIC and ROIC occurred in stratiform clouds and precipitation but not in cirrus clouds. Analysis over the whole study period revealed monthly variations in the abundance of HOIC with the number of detections peaking in April and October. Monthly changes were also present in the number of days containing HOIC. The results presented here aim to be the first step towards a comprehensive climatology and understanding of the microphysical processes that lead to the formation of HOIC at Summit, Greenland.
The combined administration of GH‐releasing peptide‐2 (GHRP‐2), TRH and GnRH to men with prolonged critical illness evokes superior endocrine and metabolic effects compared to treatment with GHRP‐2 alone

objective Central hyposomatotrophism, hypothyroidism and hypogonadism are present concomitantly in men with prolonged critical illness. This study evaluated the impact of combined treatment with GH‐releasing peptide‐2 (GHRP‐2), TRH and GnRH for 5 days compared with GHRP‐2 + TRH and with GHRP‐2 alone.
Activation of the G2/M-Specific Gene CLB2 Requires Multiple Cell Cycle Signals

ABSTRACT In budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), the periodic expression of the G2/M-specific gene CLB2 depends on a DNA binding complex that mediates its repression during G1 and activation from the S phase to the exit of mitosis. The switch from low to high expression levels depends on the transcriptional activator Ndd1. We show that the inactivation of the Sin3 histone deacetylase complex bypasses the essential role of Ndd1 in cell cycle progression. Sin3 and its catalytic subunit Rpd3 associate with the CLB2 promoter during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Both proteins dissociate from the promoter at the onset of the S phase and reassociate during G2 phase. Sin3 removal coincides with a transient increase in histone H4 acetylation followed by the expulsion of at least one nucleosome from the promoter region. Whereas the first step depends on Cdc28/Cln1 activity, Ndd1 function is required for the second step. Since the removal of Sin3 is independent of Ndd1 recruitment and Cdc28/Clb activity it represents a unique regulatory step which is distinct from transcriptional activation.
Marriage Education with Hispanic Couples: Evaluation of a Communication Workshop

The Hispanic population is the fastest growing ethnic group in the U.S. It is also a young population that faces a number of challenges including high rates of divorce and teenage pregnancy. Although marriage, or relationship, education is certainly not new, it is relatively unstudied among Hispanic couples. The Hispanic Active Relationships Project (HARP) was an initiative specifically designed as an outreach effort to Hispanic couples. This initiative was designed to provide participants with relationship and communication tools to increase relationship satisfaction, improve communication and conflict resolution skills, decrease negative interactions, and increase commitment to the relationship. The present study reports findings on the effectiveness of the HARP program based on data gathered from 550 individuals (275 couples) over a two and half year period. Participants were primarily Spanish speaking and at least half were first or second generation immigrants.
Type III tympanoplasty with cartilage obliteration for cholesteatoma surgery.

BACKGROUND The main objective of cholesteatoma surgery is complete eradication of the disease. Another goal is to preserve hearing acuity. We reviewed type III tympanoplasty with cartilage obliteration for cholesteatomatous ears. To evaluate the role of ossiculoplasty, the functional results of classic and modified type III tympanoplasties were compared. METHODS Thirty-six cholesteatomatous ears undergoing type III tympanoplasty with cartilage obliteration were reviewed. The same operator performed these operations from 1984 until 1995. According to the CAO staging system, there were five early, 16 moderate and 15 advanced-stage cases of cholesteatoma. Using the anterior approach, all operations were canal-wall-down type III tympanoplasties with "tailored" open cavity and cartilage obliteration. There were 24 classic and 12 modified type III tympanoplasties. RESULTS The average follow-up duration was 7.2 years. Neither recidivistic cholesteatoma nor retraction pocket was observed postoperatively. There was an improvement in atelectatic score after surgery. The mean postoperative air-bone gap (ABG) was 15.8 +/- 10.7 dB and the mean closure of the ABG was 4.0 +/- 14.3 dB. After the disease stage and preoperative hearing status were adjusted using regression analysis, there was no significant difference in hearing results between ears that underwent classic or modified type III tympanoplasties. CONCLUSIONS We performed the canal-wall-down tympanoplasty with cartilage obliteration using the anterior approach for treatment of cholesteatoma. Such surgical techniques eradicate the cholesteatoma, prevent its recurrence and create a clean ear. Hearing reconstruction can also be accomplished in a single-stage procedure offering a serviceable hearing acuity.
Premature myocardial infarction novel susceptibility locus on chromosome 1P34-36 identified by genomewide linkage analysis.

The most frequent causes of death and disability in the Western world are atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute myocardial infarction (MI). This common disease is thought to have a polygenic basis with a complex interaction with environmental factors. Here, we report results of a genomewide search for susceptibility genes for MI in a well-characterized U.S. cohort consisting of 1,613 individuals in 428 multiplex families with familial premature CAD and MI: 712 with MI, 974 with CAD, and average age of onset of 44.4+/-9.7 years. Genotyping was performed at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Mammalian Genotyping Facility through use of 408 markers that span the entire human genome every 10 cM. Linkage analysis was performed with the modified Haseman-Elston regression model through use of the SIBPAL program. Three genomewide scans were conducted: single-point, multipoint, and multipoint performed on of white pedigrees only (92% of the cohort). One novel significant susceptibility locus was detected for MI on chromosomal region 1p34-36, with a multipoint allele-sharing P value of <10(-12) (LOD=11.68). Validation by use of a permutation test yielded a pointwise empirical P value of.00011 at this locus, which corresponds to a genomewide significance of P<. 05. For the less restrictive phenotype of CAD, no genetic locus was detected, suggesting that CAD and MI may not share all susceptibility genes. The present study thus identifies a novel genetic-susceptibility locus for MI and provides a framework for the ultimate cloning of a gene for the complex disease MI.
Detection of stereo window violation in 3D movies

classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author. SIGGRAPH 2014, August 10 – 14, 2014, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 2014 Copyright held by the Owner/Author. ACM 978-1-4503-2958-3/14/08 Detection of Stereo Window Violation in 3D Movies
Compact Integrated Lumped Element LCP Filter

The filter presented in this letter is a novel, compact, 4-pole, UHF-band integrated lumped element filter with a 20% fractional bandwidth operating at center frequency f0=500 MHz with a 17 dB passband return loss and a wide upper stopband with high rejection. The circuit was designed to minimize the overall footprint, as well as ensuring a wide, high attenuated stopband. This was achieved by building on previous work using LCP as a fabrication medium which implemented a block of shared vias; however, by adding a new controlled coupling between two capacitors, the stopband performance was significantly improved. The final filter dimensions are 0. 03λg×0. 06λg, and the out-of-band rejection is significantly larger than its predecessor at 50 dB up to 3f0 and 40 dB up to 5f0 with a stopband width extended to 7 times the center frequency.
3-D gaming environment preferences: Inversion of the Y-axis

Differences between preference groups based on the control scheme of the Y-axis or pitch (either default or inverted) in 3-D gaming were explored both with measures of pre-existing traits, as well as reactions to a short gaming session. Participants who preferred to invert the Y-axis controls showed significantly greater overall tendency for immersion than the non-inverters. Similarly, the participants who inverted the Y-axis also reported significantly higher levels of presence in the gaming task than the non-inverter. Finally, when participants' controls in the gaming task were mismatched to their preference, they exhibited significantly higher perceived workload in the gaming task. Implications of these findings focus on determining a basis for differences in the population, and how these differences may impact spatial reasoning and task-specific training, especially in aviation. Practitioner Summary: Differing preferences for controlling a user's visual perspective in a three-dimensional virtual environment were shown to exist in the population, with indications of increased workload when randomly assigned to use a non-preferred control scheme. These control preferences showed evidence of association with the user's tendency for immersion in virtual environments.
Electrochemical Monitoring of Methylparathion Degradation in an Acid Aqueous Medium in Presence of Cu(II)

Abstract A study was undertaken to determine the effect of Cu(II) in degradation of methylparathion (o,o-dimethyl o, 4-nitrophenyl phosphoriotioate) in acid medium. Initial electrochemical characterization of Cu(II) and methylparathion was done in an aqueous medium at a pH range of 2–7. Cu(II) was studied in the presence of different anions and it was observed that its electroactivity depends on pH and is independent of the anion used. Methylparathion had two reduction signals at pH ≤ 6 and only one at pH > 6. The pesticide's transformation kinetic was then studied in the presence of Cu(II) in acid buffered aqueous medium at pH values of 2, 4, and 7. Paranitrophenol appeared as the only electroactive product at all three pH values. The reaction was first order and had k values of 5.2 × 10−3 s−1 at pH 2, 5.5 × 10−3 s−1 at pH 4 and 9.0 × 10−3 s−1 at pH 7. It is concluded that the principal degradation pathway of methylparathion in acid medium is a Cu(II) catalyzed hydrolysis reaction.
Functional optical coherence tomography for imaging middle ear dynamics

No currently available clinical technique is capable of visualizing and quantifying the structure and function of the middle ear. Various pathologies directly impede the conduction of sound-induced vibrations through the human middle ear, and thereby produce a `conductive' hearing loss. Direct clinical assessment of sound conduction by middle ear structures has been limited to measurements of the average sound-induced vibration of the eardrum or the motion of single locations on the drum. In contrast, the optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology we introduce allows direct observation of the structure and sound-induced motions of a large fraction of the eardrum surface as well the ossicles within the ear. We use OCT to take three-dimensional volumetric snapshots of the moving eardrum and the ossicular chain behind the eardrum in a cadaveric chinchilla with which can generate 3D amplitude and phase maps. Our functional OCT technique can accurately image middle ear structures with a resolution of 10-20 microns and measure ossicular movements with sub-nanometer scale resolution with a temporal resolution of 50 microseconds.
Functional Status and Health-Related Quality of Life During Inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation

Madden S, Hopman WM, Bagg S, Verner J, O'Callaghan CJ: Functional status and health-related quality of life during inpatient stroke rehabilitation. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2006;85:831–838. Objective:To examine changes in functional status and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) during inpatient stroke rehabilitation to examine the associations between changes in the two measures. Design:Two independently collected databases were combined for a retrospective analysis. One contained the objectively assessed FIM score; the other contained the subjectively assessed Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short form (SF-36). Admission and discharge scores were compared using paired-samples t tests. Associations between the FIM outcomes and the SF-36 outcomes were assessed by means of Pearson's product–moment correlations. Results:One hundred sixteen patients were represented in both databases. Mean age was 71.4 yrs; 59 (51.1%) were female. All FIM scores, four of eight SF-36 domains, and one summary component score showed statistically significant improvement during the course of rehabilitation. Changes in SF-36 were not strongly associated with changes in FIM score, with only 6 of 90 correlations attaining statistical significance. Conclusions:Functional status and HRQOL improved considerably over the course of rehabilitation. However, there was poor association between the two outcomes. Both instruments offer insights into outcomes of inpatient rehabilitation, but they are complementary rather than overlapping.
Analysis of space-time pattern in evapotranspiration and meteorological driving factors over the source region of the Yellow River

To analyze the space-time distribution characteristic of evapotranspiration (ET) in the source region of the Yellow River, 16-day synthetic MODIS remote sensing products data, hydrological and meteorological data from 2000 to 2009 were used to build an ET dataset with long time series by SEBAL model, and then study the correlation between ET and meteorological factors in space. The quantitative estimation of the regression model has been established on different time scales and the model and its error was tested and analysed respectively. The results demonstrate that the prediction model built for the study area can pass the significance test at 0. 01 confidence level is suit for the prediction of ET in different regions and seasons.
Identification of a cis‐acting dendritic targeting element in the mRNA encoding the alpha subunit of Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II

In mammalian neurons a selected group of mRNAs, including the transcript encoding the alpha subunit of Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II, is found in dendrites. The molecular mechanisms underlying extrasomatic RNA trafficking are not well described. It is thought that dendritic transcripts contain cis‐acting elements that direct their selective subcellular sorting. Here we report the identification of an extrasomatic targeting element in the 3′ untranslated region of the mRNA encoding the alpha subunit of Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II. In primary hippocampal neurons, this 1200‐nucleotide‐spanning, cis‐acting element is sufficient to mediate dendritic localization of chimeric reporter transcripts. The trafficking signal does not share any striking sequence similarity with a previously characterized dendritic targeting element in transcripts encoding the microtubule‐associated protein 2. In dendrites of transfected primary neurons, recombinant RNAs form granules with an average diameter of 0.45 µm that may represent preferential RNA docking sites or multimolecular transport units. These findings imply that extrasomatic sorting of individual dendritic mRNAs involves at least partially distinct molecular mechanisms, as well as large trafficking complexes.