Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Needs Fulfillment of Medical and Specialist Doctors in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

One of the challenges in improving health services in Indonesia is the uneven number and distribution of health workers in some areas, especially doctors and specialist doctors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the conduciveness and support of the policy environment towards meeting the needs of specialist doctors in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Province, Indonesia. This study was the narrative review method. Keywords used are environmental policy, specialist doctor, and remote area. Critical appraisal was performed by utilizing the PRISMA method. This study showed that there is political support from the Central and Regional Governments. However, several aspects are still recognized negatively, aspects of national policies related to incentives and facilities. Regional Government Policies are considered not sufficiently significant to improve the availability of doctors and specialist doctors, especially in terms of the advocacy mechanisms. This matter impacts the lack of doctors and specialist doctors’ interest to be placed in remote areas. T he policy environment towards meeting the needs of a specialist doctors in West Nusantara Tenggara (NTB) was enough conducive and supportive. It still needs improving coordination mechanisms among institutions and providing advocacy channels, which are crucial to support the effectiveness of meeting the needs of specialist doctors’ policies. Abstrak: Salah satu tantangan dalam meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan di Indonesia adalah belum meratanya jumlah dan distribusi tenaga kesehatan di beberapa daerah, terutama dokter dan dokter spesialis. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kondusifitas dan dukungan lingkungan kebijakan terhadap pemenuhan kebutuhan dokter spesialis di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB), Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode review naratif. Kata kunci yang digunakan adalah kebijakan lingkungan, dokter spesialis, dan daerah terpencil. Critical appraisal dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode PRISMA. Studi ini menunjukkan adanya dukungan politik dari Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah. Namun demikian, beberapa aspek masih diakui secara negatif, aspek kebijakan nasional terkait insentif dan fasilitas. Kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah dinilai belum cukup signifikan untuk meningkatkan ketersediaan dokter dan dokter spesialis, terutama dari sisi mekanisme advokasi. Hal ini berdampak pada minimnya minat dokter dan dokter spesialis untuk ditempatkan di daerah terpencil. Lingkungan k ebijakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dokter spesialis di Nusantara Tenggara Barat (NTB) cukup kondusif dan mendukung. Masih perlu perbaikan mekanisme koordinasi antarlembaga dan penyediaan jalur advokasi yang sangat penting untuk mendukung efektivitas pemenuhan kebutuhan kebijakan dokter spesialis.
Analysis of the human basic psychological needs’ theories: A meta-theory approach

Research Paper Analysis of the human basic psychological needs’ theories: A meta-theory approach Babak Sohrabi, Hamidreza Yazdani, Ali Rajabzadeh, Hamed Mahjoub 1. Professor, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 2. Assistant Professor, College of Farabi, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran. 3. Professor, School of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Terhan, Iran. 4. Ph.D Student, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Structural insight on the mechanism of an electron-bifurcating [FeFe] hydrogenase

Electron bifurcation is a fundamental energy conservation mechanism in nature in which two electrons from an intermediate-potential electron donor are split so that one is sent along a high-potential pathway to a high-potential acceptor and the other is sent along a low-potential pathway to a low-potential acceptor. This process allows endergonic reactions to be driven by exergonic ones and is an alternative, less recognized, mechanism of energy coupling to the well-known chemiosmotic principle. The electron-bifurcating [FeFe] hydrogenase from Thermotoga maritima (HydABC) requires both NADH and ferredoxin to reduce protons generating hydrogen. The mechanism of electron bifurcation in HydABC remains enigmatic in spite of intense research efforts over the last few years. Structural information may provide the basis for a better understanding of spectroscopic and functional information. Here, we present a 2.3 Å electron cryo-microscopy structure of HydABC. The structure shows a heterododecamer composed of two independent ‘halves’ each made of two strongly interacting HydABC heterotrimers connected via a [4Fe–4S] cluster. A central electron transfer pathway connects the active sites for NADH oxidation and for proton reduction. We identified two conformations of a flexible iron–sulfur cluster domain: a ‘closed bridge’ and an ‘open bridge’ conformation, where a Zn2+ site may act as a ‘hinge’ allowing domain movement. Based on these structural revelations, we propose a possible mechanism of electron bifurcation in HydABC where the flavin mononucleotide serves a dual role as both the electron bifurcation center and as the NAD+ reduction/NADH oxidation site.
A Giant Oligocene Fossil Penguin from the North Island of New Zealand

ABSTRACT Penguins (Sphenisciformes) have arguably the most complete and continuous fossil record of any avian clade, offering an ever-improving understanding of penguin phylogeny, biogeography, and the evolution of wing-propelled diving. Yet, our knowledge of the precise body proportions of stem-group penguins remains poor due to a dearth of articulated specimens. Here, we describe Kairuku waewaeroa sp. nov., a new giant penguin species from the Glen Massey Formation (Whaingaroan stage, 34.6–27.3 Ma). The holotype skeleton, discovered in Kawhia Harbour, North Island, New Zealand, is one of the most complete skeletons of a giant penguin yet uncovered. Our phylogenetic analysis recovers a clade uniting the New Zealand endemics Kairuku waewaeroa, Kairuku waitaki, and Kairuku grebneffi, which is supported by synapomorphies including a stout femoral shaft and tibiotarsi with a distinctly convex medial condyle. Kairuku waewaeroa is unique among stem penguins in having elongate tibiotarsi, revealing a new long-legged stem penguin body plan. The discovery of Kairuku waewaeroa contributes yet another penguin species to an Oligocene avifauna for Zealandia that is replete with giant birds.
Information‐centric vehicular social network routing scheme in smart city

Smart cities call for the smart communication among vehicles, which requests for efficient routing schemes in Vehicle Ad hoc Network (VANET). As a kind of VANET, Vehicle Social Network (VSN) benefits from social attributes among vehicle drivers or passengers to improve the routing performance. However, traditional VSN routing schemes cannot well solve the mobilities of vehicles. Since Information‐Centric Network supports the mobility naturally, in this paper, we propose a information‐centric VSN routing scheme. An Information‐centric Utility‐based Forwarding Scheme is proposed to make optimal message forwarding among vehicle nodes, which the utility is calculated based on the devised message caching priority, the proposed interest similarity and the physical metric. Simulation results have shown that the proposed scheme has a great advantage on delivery rate and network overhead.
Gated Adaptive Hierarchical Attention Unit Neural Networks for the Life Prediction of Servo Motors

The remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of servo motors plays a greatly indispensable role in preventing abnormal and inefficient operation of servo drive system and even major safety accident. In this article, a novel variant of recurrent neural networks, called gated adaptive hierarchical attention unit (GAHAU), is constructed to efficiently predict the RULs of servo motors, which can not only pay attention to the outputs of reset and update gates but also adaptively divide the hierarchy of the sequence information in attention gate. The updating formulas of GAHAU are derived. With the raw vibration signals of servo motors, a quadratic function-based deep convolutional autoencoder is used for automatically generating the health indicator vector. Based on the constructed HI vector, the RULs of servo motors are accurately predicted by GAHAU. The experiments on servo motors demonstrate that the presented GAHAU has remarkable prediction performance especially for the long-term prediction. Compared to the existing typical RUL prediction methods, the proposed methodology has stronger predictive ability according to the comparative results.
Finite-Time Prescribed Performance Control for Spacecraft Attitude Tracking

The problem of finite-time prescribed performance control (PPC) for spacecraft attitude maneuvering is researched. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, limited results have been reported. How to achieve the prescribed performance attitude tracking within a preset time interval is still an open problem, especially in the presence of inertia perturbations, external disturbances, actuator saturations, and faults. On account of this, a finite-time performance function is first constructed as the predefined boundary of tracking errors. Second, Chebyshev neural network is utilized to approximate the lumped uncertainties. Then, the Nussbaum gain technique compensating for actuator saturations and faults is incorporated into the backstepping design to develop a new fault-tolerant attitude controller. Both transient and steady-state performances (e.g., the maximum overshoot, steady-state error, and settling time) are guaranteed. Compared with the common PPC or finite-time control achievements on spacecraft attitude tracking, the setting time herein can be set in advance without relying on initial states. Finally, experiments are performed to verify the effectiveness of the solution and comparisons with related works are displayed.
Failure of salvage vemurafenib therapy for refractory multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis with BRAF-V600E mutation

Background Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) has been defined as a disorder driven by misguided myeloid differentiation, with up to 50% of cases harboring the BRAF-V600E mutation. Salvage treatment with LCH refractory to vinblastine and steroid regimen is intractable. Vemurafenib is safe and effective in children with refractory BRAF-V600E-positive LCH, but the disease always reactivates with the withdrawal of vemurafenib. Case presentation: Here, we report the first case of BRAF-V600E positive LCH resistant to vemurafenib therapy but effectively salvaged by cytarabine-based chemotherapy. Conclusions Our case report shows that vemurafenib monotherapy might not be effective for every BRAF-V600E-positive refractory LCH, and cytarabine-based chemotherapy might still be a cost-effective therapeutic alternative. Keywords: Langerhans cell histiocytosis, BRAF-V600E mutation, Vemurafenib, Chemotherapy
Design, simulate and performance an embedded fan-out package for 2-D ultrasonic transducer arrays

In this article, the embedded fan-out wafer-level packaging (FO-WLP) for 2-D ultrasonic transducer array with individual electrical connection is proposed. The ﬁnite element analysis (FEA) was employed to analyze eﬀects of the package on ultrasonic transducers. The layout of the package was designed based on single-element FEA models. The impedance characteristic of the encapsulated array was measured. The model of encapsulated array was established. The simulation and measured results of the encapsulated array show that the eﬀective electromechanical coupling coeﬃcient is remarkable aﬀected by redistribution layers (RDLs) and passivation layers (PLs).
The Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Core-Shell Nanostructured Metal Oxides for Cancer Targeting

vi colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. The hollow shells displayed a toxic response, specific to the Caco-2 cell line even without the conjugated FA cell targeting ligand. The inclusion of FA enhanced cell specificity, but was also found to increase the viability of both cell lines. Encapsulation of DOX saw enhanced cell specific toxicity towards Caco-2 when compared to the free drug alone. The developed silica shell system was then applied to a photoactive iron oxide-zinc oxide (Fe3O4-ZnO) core, with investigations focussing on the system’s ability to function as a novel photosensitiser for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Based on our previously published work, the ZnO core NPs were modified via hybridisation with iron oxide to form a heterogeneous semiconductor material; the photoactive core now acting as the therapeutic entity in the core-shell NP system. As before, a silica shell, decorated with FA ligands was employed and the core-shell NP system was subjugated to the developed characterisation scheme. While surface modification of the Fe3O4-ZnO core did mitigate its photophysical properties, the novel core-shell system still outperformed a pure ZnO analogue in photodegradation studies using methylene blue (MB) as a model organic compound. In vitro cytotoxicity studies with Caco-2 cells showed a time and dose dependant toxicity in the absence of UV-radiation. The UV-irradiated NPs demonstrated a significant photokilling effect with a drastic reduction in caco-2 cell viability. FA conjugation served to enhance the photokilling effect. The versatility of the developed synthetic method was highlighted through further surface modification of the silica coated hybrid Fe3O4-ZnO core-shell NPs. Polyethylene glycol (PEG), with and without terminal FA groups, was conjugated to the surface of the silica shell in varying quantities, to impart steric stability and stealth properties. Furthermore, to illustrate that the developed NP system could function in applications for imaging and image enhancement for possible diagnostic applications, dansyl chloride, a fluorescent molecule, was also attached to the NP surfaces, both with and without a PEG spacer. Characterisation of the synthetic products was once again carried out using the established scheme to confirm successful chemical modification. Fluorescence microscopy highlighted the capability of the dansylated NPs as a functioning fluorescent marker, while photodegradation using MB under various pH conditions demonstrated the continuing photoefficiency of the core-shell system.
Importance of lichen and moss litters to soil carbon storage in black spruce forests on permafrost

Aims Climate warming is predicted to increase permafrost degradation and soil carbon (C) loss, while changes in microrelief and vegetation cover can also influence soil C storage at local scale. Black spruce forests develop lichen/moss-covered organic mounds on permafrost. Recalcitrance of lichen and moss litters, as well as cold climate, is hypothesized to increase C storage in hummocky soils. Methods We compared the decomposition rates of lichen and moss litters, spruce root litter, and cellulose at hummocky clayey soils, non-hummocky clayey soils, and non-hummocky sandy soils in northwest Canadian subarctic. Results Lichen/moss-covered hummocky clayey soils display greater C stocks than non-hummocky clayey and sandy soils. Lichen and moss litters decomposed more slowly than did spruce root litter and cellulose. Recalcitrant litter inputs of lichen and moss contribute to greater C stocks of hummocky clayey soils, compared to non-hummocky clayey and sandy soils. Lower temperature dependency of lichen and moss litter decomposition, compared to vascular plant litter, suggests stronger resistance of lichen and moss litters to decomposition. Conclusion Permafrost degradation by climate warming would reduce hummocky microrelief covered by lichen and moss, major contributors to soil C, and decrease the high potential for C storage of black spruce forests on permafrost.
A Review of Cyber–Physical Security for Photovoltaic Systems

In this article, the challenges and a future vision of the cyber–physical security of photovoltaic (PV) systems are discussed from a firmware, network, PV converter controls, and grid security perspective. The vulnerabilities of PV systems are investigated under a variety of cyberattacks, ranging from data integrity attacks to software-based attacks. A success rate metric is designed to evaluate the impact and facilitate decision-making. Model-based and data-driven methods for threat detection and mitigation are summarized. In addition, the blockchain technology that addresses cyberattacks in software and cybernetworks is described. Simulation and experimental results that show the impact of cyberattacks at the converter (device) and grid (system) levels are presented. Finally, potential research opportunities are discussed for next-generation, cybersecure power electronics systems. These opportunities include multiscale controllability, self-/event-triggering control, artificial intelligence/machine learning, hot patching, and online security. As of today, this study will be one of the few comprehensive studies in this emerging and fast-growing area.
Effects of Soil pH on Gaseous Nitrogen Loss Pathway via Feammox Process

The application of N fertilizer is one of the most critical soil acidification factors in China, and soil acidification significantly alters biogeochemical processes such as N loss. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled with iron reduction (Feammox) is an important biological process for N loss in natural environments, with the end-products of N2, NO2− and NO3−. However, the response of Feammox pathways to soil pH fluctuation has not been thoroughly studied. In the current study, Feammox pathways and microbial communities were explored through a slurry culture experiment with an artificially adjusted pH combined with a 15N isotope tracing technique and molecular biotechnology. Results showed significant differences in the gaseous N loss through Feammox (0.42–0.97 mg N kg−1 d−1) under different pH conditions. The gaseous N loss pathways were significantly affected by the pH, and Feammox to N2 was the predominant pathway in low-pH incubations. The proportion of N loss caused by Feammox coupled with denitrification increased as the soil pH increased. The gaseous N loss through Feammox increased by 43.9% when the soil pH decreased from 6.5 to 5.0. Fe-reducing bacteria, such as Ochrobactrum, Sphingomonas, and Clostridium increased significantly in lower pH incubations. Overall, this study demonstrated the effects of soil pH on Feammox pathways and extended the understanding of the N biogeochemical cycle in acidic soil.
Sustainable Approach and Safe Use of Biochar and Its Possible Consequences

Biochar is considered as a potential substitute for soil organic matter (SOM). Considering the importance of biochar, the present review is based on the different benefits and potential risks of the application of biochar to the soil. Biochar addition to low organic carbon soils can act as a feasible solution to keep soil biologically active for the cycling of different nutrients. The application of biochar could improve soil fertility, increase crop yield, enhance plant growth and microbial abundance, and immobilize different contaminants in the soil. It could also be helpful in carbon sequestration and the return of carbon stock back to the soil in partially combusted form. Due to the large surface area of biochar, which generally depends upon the types of feedstock and pyrolysis conditions, it helps to reduce the leaching of fertilizers from the soil and supplies additional nutrients to growing crops. However, biochar may have some adverse effects due to emissions during the pyrolysis process, but it exerts a positive priming effect (a phenomenon in which subjection to one stimulus positively influences subsequent stimulus) on SOM decomposition, depletion of nutrients (macro- and micro-) via strong adsorption, and impact on soil physicochemical properties. In view of the above importance and limitations, all possible issues related to biochar application should be considered. The review presents extensive detailed information on the sustainable approach for the environmental use of biochar and its limitations.
Attack Analysis of Face Recognition Authentication Systems Using Fast Gradient Sign Method

ABSTRACT Biometric authentication methods, representing the ”something you are” scheme, are considered the most secure approach for gaining access to protected resources. Recent attacks using Machine Learning techniques demand a serious systematic reevaluation of biometric authentication. This paper analyzes and presents the Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM) attack using face recognition for biometric authentication. Machine Learning techniques have been used to train and test the model, which can classify and identify different people’s faces and which will be used as a target for carrying out the attack. Furthermore, the case study will analyze the implementation of the FGSM and the level of performance reduction that the model will have by applying this method in attacking. The test results were performed with the change of parameters both in terms of training and attacking the model, thus showing the efficiency of applying the FGSM.
Data-Driven Online Recommender Systems With Costly Information Acquisition

In numerous recommender systems, collecting useful information from users is costly, implying that the recommender system has to make active choices by simultaneously learning the observations of the features’ states to make useful recommendations to users among available products and services. This article integrates information acquisition decisions into recommender system. To solve the aforementioned dual learning problem, we propose two different algorithms, namely Sim-OOS and Seq-OOS, where observations are made simultaneously and sequentially, respectively. We prove that both algorithms guarantee a sublinear regret. The developed recommender system can be applied to a variety of real-world applications, including medical informatics, smart transportation, finance, and cyber-security where collecting information before making decisions results in an excessive cost. We validate and evaluate our proposed policies in a medical decision-support system that recommends tests and treatments for breast cancer patients.
Diet alters rodent fecal pellet size: implications for paleoecological and demographic studies using fecal dimensions

Measurements of fecal pellet size can provide important information about wild mammals, such as body size and demographic information. Previous studies have not rigorously tested whether diet can confound these measurements. Furthermore, it is unknown whether diet might alter fecal dimensions directly or through changes in animal physiology. Here, we studied three closely related rodent species that differ in natural feeding strategies. Individuals were fed diets that varied in protein and fiber content for 5 weeks. We then measured body size, fecal widths and lengths, and the radius of the large intestine. Diet composition significantly changed fecal widths in all species. High-fiber content significantly increased fecal widths and would cause overestimations of body size if applied to wild feces. Using path analysis, we found that fiber can increase fecal widths both directly and indirectly through increasing the large intestine radius. Protein affected each species differently, suggesting that protein effects vary by species feeding strategy and existing physiology. Overall, diet and large intestine morphology can alter fecal pellet measurements. Studies using fecal measurements therefore must consider these effects in their conclusions.