Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Basic Science Modelling and Simulation of Low Calorific Value Municipal Solid Waste Incineration

ENGLISH/ANGLAIS] Affiliations: 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, NIGERIA. 2 National Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure (NASENI), Abuja, NIGERIA; Address for Correspondence/ Adresse pour la Correspondance: mmbenomar@yahoo. com Accepted/Accepté: September, 2012 Citation: Oumarou MB, Abdulrahim AT, Dauda M. Modelling and Simulation of Low Calorific Value Municipal Solid Waste Incineration. World Journal of Engineering and Pure and Applied Science 2012;2(5):135-42. The paper focused on the mathematical modelling and simulation of low calorific value municipal solid waste incineration in semiarid region. Municipal solid wastes were collected and analysed; from which wood samples were taken and incinerated using a prototype incinerator. A mathematical model, based on Fourier series (FS) and finite elements method (FEM) was developed, ran and validated using experimental and literature data. Critical minimum volume of 4.93 m3 or about 6 % of the total volume of the incinerator would be needed at 20% moisture content refuse and a critical maximum volume of 51.10 m3 or 69.21% of the total volume, would be needed at 50% moisture content. The ignition time and the time at which the combustion becomes self-sustaining are greatly influenced by the moisture content. Critical drying temperature was found to be 711.44 K. The grid size had little or no effect on the simulated results. The developed model can accurately predict the critical sizes and performance of the actual plant even at its virtual stage. There is need to optimize the critical drying temperature and mathematical model /physical model correlation which would help improve the efficiency of the process and better understand the drying mechanism involved.
Disciplines, Outcomes and Purpose in Social Science Education

The gap between school knowledge and academic knowledge has long been acknowledged. The division of the curriculum into separate academic subjects has sometimes been blamed for this problem. On this reading it would make sense to re-model the curriculum so that teaching is multidisciplinary. However, efforts to achieve this ideal have a poor record in England. In this paper we suggest that the answer to the problem is more likely to lie in the way that the curriculum is built from a careful analysis of the actual outcomes of learning. We briefly outline three projects that are based on this supposition, describing the theoretical underpinnings and the main features of the projects.
The impact of an inpatient hospital admission on patients' physical functioning and quality of life in the oncology setting

Objective : Cancer can affect an individual’s level of physical function and health related quality of life (HRQoL). Those requiring hospital admission may be at risk of further decline during hospitalisation. The aim of this study was to investigate physical functioning and HRQoL of cancer patients on admission and over the course of their hospital admission. Methods : A prospective observational study was undertaken on the inpatient wards of a specialist oncology hospital. Assessment measures were taken bi-weekly until discharge from hospital or if they became too unwell to continue. Functional outcome measures included timed-up and go test (TUG), 30 second sit to stand test (30SST), 30 second arm curl test and isometric muscle strength (30ACT). HRQoL was assessed via the EORTC-C30 and SF-8 and distress was measured using the Distress Thermometer. Results : Fifty-five patients (28 males), mean age 64 years ± 10.8, with an average length of stay of 19 days participated in the study. Primary reasons for hospital admission included; symptom management (36%) or delivery of cancer treatment (35%). On hospital admission, the majority of patients scored worse than normative levels on the EORTC-C30 and SF-8. Similarly, 65%, 69% and 35% recorded below age norms for TUG, 30SST and 30ACT. Most measures showed a trend towards worsening during hospitalisation with up to 59% of patients experiencing ± 10% worsening over time. However, only role and social functioning ( p < .05), as well as financial difficulty showed statistically significant worsening ( p < .05) during hospitalisation. Conclusions : Participants demonstrated substantially reduced HRQoL and physical functioning at time of hospital admission which tended to worsen during hospitalisation. Despite this low level of function, very few received rehabilitation follow-up. Screening programs using HRQoL and functional assessment measures could be useful in identifying patients who are deconditioned or at risk of deconditioning and require specialised therapy to prevent declines in function and hospital re-admissions.
THE PARADOX OF TRANS VISIBILITY: INTERROGATING THE “YEAR OF TRANS VISIBILITY”

Transgender narratives have increased in the contemporary mediascape, bringing to attention important critical questions about the types of trans representation available to audiences. Using the mediated climate of the United States as a case study representative of wider global trends, this paper employs textual analyses and a historiography of the phraseology “paradox of visibility,” (Seizer, 1995; Tseelon, 1995; Jones and Pugh, 2005; Barnhurst, 2007) to interrogate which transgender images are proliferated and the consequences of their consumption. I argue that there is a paradox of trans visibility, which highlights portions of transgender existence while obscuring others – making it seem that society has progressed much further toward genderqueer tolerance than it realistically has. Furthermore, this paper posits that repeat representation of hyperfeminine, affluent transgender women is creating a trinary way of imagining transgender people and bodies that can intensify dangers transgender folks face.
A New Wavelet Thresholding Function Based on Hyperbolic Tangent Function

Thresholding function is an important part of the wavelet threshold denoising method, which can influence the signal denoising effect significantly. However, some defects are present in the existing methods, such as function discontinuity, fixed bias, and parameters determined by trial and error. In order to solve these problems, a new wavelet thresholding function based on hyperbolic tangent function is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the basic properties of hyperbolic tangent function are analyzed. Then, a new thresholding function with a shape parameter is presented based on hyperbolic tangent function. The continuity, monotonicity, and high-order differentiability of the new function are theoretically proven. Finally, in order to determine the final form of the new function, a shape parameter optimization strategy based on artificial fish swarm algorithm is given in this paper. Mean square error is adopted to construct the objective function, and the optimal shape parameter is achieved by iterative search. At the end of the paper, a simulation experiment is provided to verify the effectiveness of the new function. In the experiment, two benchmark signals are used as test signals. Simulation results show that the proposed function can achieve better denoising effect than the classical hard and soft thresholding functions under different signal types and noise intensities.
Isolation of Cytochrome P-450cam from Alkaliphilic bacteriaKocuria sp. DL

Cytochrome P-450 is a terminal oxidase, involved in biotransformation of endogenous and exogenous substances. Cytochrome P-450cam is isozyme present in various bacteria. CYP-450cam was purified from alkaliphilic bacteria, Kocuria sp. DL, isolated from pristine alkaline Crater Lake, Lonar, (Maharashtra State), India. Identification of this bacterial strain was carried out by analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence (Kocuria species DL strain). The content of CYP-450cam was found to be 2.68 n mol/mg of protein in 50 h grown culture under aerobic condition. Purification of CYP-450cam was carried out by applying analytical procedures at 4 oC. The Km values for both aminopyrine and acetanilide were 0.4 and 0.25 mM, respectively. The maximal velocity Vmax was 12.98 and 13.2 mM/mg of protein per min for aminopyrine and acetanilide, respectively. The optimal pH and temperatures were found to be 7.4 and 40 oC, respectively. The purification fold was found to be 6. The molecular mass was found to be 48 kDa. Thermal stability of purified CYP-450cam is up to 40 oC. This enzyme has shown the characteristic type-I and type-II substrate binding spectra.
Analogies in Senior High School Chemistry Textbooks: A Critical Analysis.

Analogies are considered an effective method for providing a bridge between unfamiliar concepts and knowledge that students already have. This paper reports a critical analysis of analogies found in chemistry textbooks used by Australian senior high school students and is presented in three sections. The first section of the paper presents the definition of analogy and discusses different types of analogies, their use in teaching, and potential constraints to their effective use. The second section reports a two-part study of 10 chemistry textbooks. A content analysis: indicated that 93 analogies were found in the 10 textbooks; compared the frequency of analogy use for particular targeted content areas; identified textbook authors' incorporation of instructional strategies that aim to directly assist the student to use analogies to aid understanding; and examined the type of analogies used most frequently in the textbooks. Secondly, interviews were conducted with the authors of 7 of the 10 textbooks to solicit views held by the authors concerning: analogy use; reasons for inclusion or exclusion of analogies; and changes the author would make to a later edition of a textbook. Conclusions reported in the third section indicated that: (1) authors assumed classroom teachers would effectively use the analogies, despite no evidence that teachers have pedagogical content knowledge in this area; (2) the frequency of analogy inclusion implies an unwillingness by authors to use analogies in textbook situations; and (3) the authors are unfamiliar with research guides regarding analogy presentation results. A list of 21 references and an appendix of the textbook titles are provided. (MDH) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Analogies in Senior High School Chemistry Textbooks:
Spatio-temporal distribution of migrating raptors: a comparison of ringing and satellite tracking

We describe the migration performance of three long-distance migrating raptors, osprey Pandion haliaetus, honey buzzard Pernis apivorus and marsh harrier Circus aeruginosus, and one short-distance migrating raptor, common buzzard Buteo buteo based on Swedish ringing recoveries and satellite telemetry, respectively. Tracking by satellite can provide detailed information about the exact timing of migration, migration speed, migration directions, stopover sites, and detours, thereby overcoming many of the potential biases found in ring recoveries. Comparison of the results from these two methods revealed agreement in the geographical distribution of the studied Swedish raptor populations during autumn migration and the winter period. Satellite tracking, nevertheless, provided much more detailed information in Africa and revealed significantly faster migration progress than indicated by ring recoveries. The implications of our findings for interpretation of migratory connectivity and the understanding of migration are discussed.
Modeling of free surface flows with elastic bodies interactions

In this paper, a series of new fluid and structure interactions test cases with strong free surface effects are presented and computations of such flows with the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) (Idelsohn, Oiiate, Del Pin and Calvo, 2006) are documented. The structures object of study are elastic cantilever bars clamped inside sloshing tanks subjected ro roll motion. The possibilities of PFEM for the coupled simulation of moderately violent free surface flows interacting with elastic bodies are investigated. The problem can be described as the coupling of a sloshing flow with an easily deformable elastic body. A series of experiments designed and executed specifically for these tests are also described. The experiments comprise cases with different liquid height and liquids of different viscosity. The aim is to identify canonical benchmark problems in FSI (Fluid and Structure Interactions), including free surfaces, for future comparisons between different numerical approaches.
POINT CORRESPONDENCECORRECTION BASED ON SURFACECURVATURE FEATURES

Abstrak Model komputer object 3D dari suatu nyata telah banyak digunakan di berbagai macam aplikasi seperti motion capture, visi computer dan komputer grafik. Untuk membangun model komputer 3D tersebut, data point cloud multiview objek nyata dari beberapa sudut pandang yang diperoleh dari scanner 3D harus diregistrasi untuk diletakan pada sistem koordinat acuan yang sama. Salah satu langkah yang penting didalam registrasi adalah korespondensi Salah korespondensi akan mempengaruhi kualitas registrasi. Pada paper ini diusulkan teknik baru perbaikan korespondensi sehingga kualitas registrasi dapat ditingkatkan. Perbaikan korespondensi dimulai dengan mencari kandidat pasangan titik pada dua point cloud menggunakan konstrain rigid dua titik referensi dan dilanjutkan dengan perbaikan korespondensi dengan menggunakan fitur kurfatur permukaan. Teknik tersebut diaplikasikan pada tiga algorithma registrasi yaitu ICP, ICP-AIF dan ICP-SCF dan hasilnya dibandingkan dengan algorithma registrasi tanpa perbaikan korespondensi. Hasil percobaan menunjukan bahwa algorithma registrasi dengan perbaikan korespondensi 63% lebih cepat, 23% lebih akurat dan 530% lebih banyak menemukan korespondensi yang tepat dibanding dengan registrasi algorithma tanpa perbaikan korespondensi. Kata kunci: Regsitrasi, Point Cloud, Surface Curvature Feature, Korespondensi.
Equations determining the orbit of the highest weight vector in the adjoint representation

We explicitly construct a set of quadratic equations defining the highest weight vector orbit for adjoint representations of Chevalley groups of types D_l, E_6, E_7, and E_8. The combinatorics of these equations is related to the combinatorics of embeddings of the root system of type A_3. We believe that the constructed equations provide a prominent framework for calculations with exceptional groups in adjoint representations, which is particularly interesting for groups of type E_8.
System modeling for active noise control with reservoir computing

This paper investigates the use of reservoir computing for active noise control (ANC). It is shown that the ANC problem can be solved by a concatenation of physically present subsystems. These subsystems can be modelled by reservoirs that are trained, using one shot learning. This approach is compared to genetic algorithms tuning a Volterra filter. Experimental results show that our approach works well as system model, meaning that a reservoir trained on white noise performs good on other input signals as well. This is a major advantage over genetic algorithms that generalize rather badly. Furthermore, our approach needs less data and this data can be gathered in one experiment only.
Behavior Coding Strategies: Population Coupling and the Functional Role of Excitatory/Inhibitory Balance in Primary Motor Cortex

The complexities of an organism’s experience ofand interaction with the world are emergent phenomena produced by large populations of neurons within the cerebral cortex and other brain regions. The network dynamics of these populations have been shown to be sometimes synchronous, with many neurons firing together, and sometimes asynchronous, with neurons firing more independently, leading to a decades-old debate within the neuroscience community. This discrepancy comes from viewing the system at two different scales; at the single cell level, the spiking activity of two neurons within cortex tend to be rather independent, but when the average activity of a global population is measured (e.g. during EEG, LFP measurements), large scale oscillations are typically observed. Both modes confer certain benefits and drawbacks in regard to information processing. Synchronous networks display more robust signal propagation at the expense of lower information capacity and higher signalto-noise while more asynchronous networks exhibit higher information capacity but lack strong signal throughput. Do either of these scenarios prevail within motor cortex or do the two regimes work simultaneously to produce behavior? Here we measure neuron-to-population and neuronto-body coupling of neurons within primary motor cortex of awake, freely behaving rats. We found that neurons with high and low population coupling coexist within cortex and population coupling was tunable via modulation of inhibitory signaling. Thus, our results show that both high and low synchrony neurons coexist. We also found that neurons with high and low population coupling serve different functional roles; neurons with low values of population coupling were more strongly coupled to the activity of the body, while neurons which were more engaged with the population tended to be less responsible in commanding body movement. These findings suggest a possible optimization strategythe neurons that are most responsible for body movements are balanced between synchronous and asynchronous network activity, making a compromise between the various benefits and disadvantages of either extreme synchrony or extreme asynchrony.
Analyzing Expected Returns of a Stock Using The Markov Chain Model and the Capital Asset Pricing Model

The chances of success of an investor in the stock market depends heavily on the decisions he takes based on his knowledge of the behavior of the stock market. In this study, the behavior of a stock on the Nigerian stock exchange market was studied. The Markov Chain with a threshold to determine movement between states, was used to estimate expected long and short-run returns, and the result was compared to the expected return of the Capital Asset Pricing Model. It was observed that the mean return of the stock and the expected return of the Capital Asset Pricing Model will be realized in the long-run regardless of the present state. The study indicates a way to forestall the problem of overpricing or under-pricing returns when using the Capital Asset Pricing Model. Corresponding author 2778 Ibrahim Adesokan, Philip Ngare and Abdulhakeem Kilishi
easuring forests with dual wavelength lidar : A simulation study over opography

Accurate measurements of biophysical parameters are essential for understanding the distribution and dynamics of global vegetation, which exerts an influence on the carbon cycle and atmospheric circulation. Spaceborne, large footprint lidar has been shown to be a valuable tool. It is capable of measuring denser forests than other existing remote methods. However large-footprint lidar struggles to separate ground and canopy signals over topography and in the presence of short vegetation. This prevents the physically-based measurement of forest properties (such as canopy height and cover) at an acceptable accuracy (sub 10 m root mean square error for height) without the use of external data. The necessary external datasets are not yet available at a global scale at
The diurnal cycle of clouds and precipitation at the ARM SGP site: Cloud radar observations and simulations from the multiscale modeling framework

Millimeter Wavelength Cloud Radar (MMCR) data from December 1996 to December 2010, collected at the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program Southern Great Plains (SGP) site, are used to examine the diurnal cycle of hydrometeor occurrence. These data are categorized into clouds (−40 dBZe ≤ reflectivity < −10 dBZe), drizzle and light precipitation (−10 dBZe ≤ reflectivity < 10 dBZe), and heavy precipitation (reflectivity ≥ 10 dBZe). The same criteria are implemented for the observation‐equivalent reflectivity calculated by feeding outputs from a Multiscale Modeling Framework (MMF) climate model into a radar simulator. The MMF model consists of the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Atmosphere Model with conventional cloud parameterizations replaced by a cloud‐resolving model. We find that a radar simulator combined with the simple reflectivity categories can be an effective approach for evaluating diurnal variations in model hydrometeor occurrence. It is shown that the MMF only marginally captures observed increases in the occurrence of boundary layer clouds after sunrise in spring and autumn and does not capture diurnal changes in boundary layer clouds during the summer. Above the boundary layer, the MMF captures reasonably well diurnal variations in the vertical structure of clouds and light and heavy precipitation in the summer but not in the spring.
Rapid Prototyping Journal Development , printability and post-curing studies of formulations of materials resistant to microbial attachment for use in inkjet based 3 D printing

Purpose – This paper aims to print 3D structures from polymers that resist bacterial attachment by reactive jetting of acrylate monomers. Design/methodology/approach – The first step towards printing was ink development. Inks were characterised to carry out an estimation of their potential printability using the Z parameter to predict stable jetting conditions. Printability conditions were optimised for each ink using a Dimatix DMP-2800, which enabled 3D structures to be fabricated. Findings – UV photo-initiated polymers, which resist bacterial attachment, were found to be printable using piezo-based inkjet printers. The waveform required for each ink depends on the value of the Z parameter. Once the waveform and the printability parameters were optimised, 3D objects were fabricated. Research limitations/implications – This methodology has been confirmed as an effective method to 3D print materials that have been demonstrated to be bacteria resistant. However, ink curing depends on modification of some parameters (such as photoinitiator concentration or UV exposure time) which would result in an improvement of the curing process post jetting. Social implications – The combination of inkjet based 3D printing with new materials resistant to bacterial attachment means the possibility of building customised medical devices with a high level of complexity and bespoke features can be fully realised. The scope and variability of the devices produced will exceed what can be achieved using standard fabrication methodologies and can be applied to reduce the incidence of device associated infections and to address increased morbidity, mortality and health care costs associated with nosocomial infections. Originality/value – In this paper, the novel use of materials that resist bacterial attachment has been described to build 3D structures using material jetting. Its value lies on the potential impact this methodology could produce in the biomedical device and research fields.