Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maximizing Enrollment Yield through Financial Aid Packaging Policies

NASFAA JOURNAL OF STUDENT FINANCIAL AID Using institutional data, this paper presents a model to enable researchers and enrollment managers to assess the effectiveness of financial aid packaging policies in light of student characteristics and institutional market position. The model uses discriminant analysis and a series of hypothetical financial aid award scenarios to predict the enrollment decisions of students who applied to an urban, comprehensive research institution with selective admissions criteria in autumn 2001. The findings suggest that changes in the need-based award policy would result in relatively small changes in enrollment yield.
Evaluation of the influence of visual parameters on wave transmission velocity in sawn chestnut timber

Non-destructive, visual evaluation and mechanical testing techniques were used to assess the structural properties of 374 samples of chestnut (Castanea sativa). The principal components method was applied to establish and interpret correlations between variables obtained of modulus of elasticity, bending strength and density. The static modulus of elasticity presented higher correlation values than those obtained using non-destructive methods. Bending strength presented low correlations with the non-destructive parameters, but there was some relation to the different knot ratios defined. The relationship was stronger with the most widely used ratio, CKDR. No significant correlations were observed between any of the variables and density.
Metamemory judgments for familiar and unfamiliar tunes

Metamemory is an important skill that allows humans to monitor their own memory abilities; however, little research has concerned what perceptual information influences metamemory judgments. A series of experiments assessed the accuracy of metamemory judgments for music as well as determined if metamemory judgments are affected by ease of processing of musical features. A recognition memory task in conjunction with metamemory judgments (Judgments of Learning, or JOLs) were used to determine actual and predicted memory performance. We found that changing the ease of processing of the volume and timbre of unfamiliar tunes affected metamemory judgments, but not memory performance, for unfamiliar tunes. Manipulating the ease of processing of the timbre and tempo of familiar tunes did not affect metamemory judgments or memory performance although metamemory accuracy on an item-by-item basis was better for familiar tunes as compared to unfamiliar tunes. Thus, metamemory judgments for unfamiliar tunes are more sensitive to ease of processing changes as compared to familiar tunes, suggesting that different types of information are processed in different ways. METAMEMORY JUDGMENTS FOR TUNES 1
Measuring customer's credit risk in banking industry

This paper presents a comparative study of using a linear probability and Logit models to predict credit risk of the customers in some branches of Bank Mellat in Tehran, Iran. The statistical population of this research includes the applicants of the facilities granted by Bank Mellat in Tehran during the year 2008. Each branches of Bank Mellat of Tehran has been considered as a cluster, where a sample has been taken using simple random method. The sample size consists of 176 companies, 109 legal entities are classified as those ones good at settling their accounts, and 67 as those ones tardy in settling their accounts. The financial ratios of these companies have been calculated based on their audited financial statements and by descriptive and analytical methods of two statistical models. The results show that liquidity ratios are not significant factors for the prediction of credit risks and these two models are not significantly different from each other in this term. Moreover, the accuracy values of credit risk prediction of linear and Logit models are 73.7 percent and 80.3 percent, respectively. Therefore, Logit model is more consistent with reality and more appropriate for such a prediction.
An R Library to construct empirical likelihood confidence intervals for complex estimators

Under complex sampling designs, point estimators may not have a normal samplingdistribution and linearised variance estimators may be biased. Hence standard confidence intervals based upon the central limit theorem may have poor coverages. We propose an empirical likelihood approach which gives design based confidence intervals. The proposed approach does not rely on the normality of the point estimator, variance estimates, design-effects, re-sampling, joint-inclusion probabilities and linearisation, even when the estimator of interest is not linear. It can be used to construct confidence intervals for a large class of complex sampling designs and complex estimators which are solution of an estimating equation. It can be used for means, regressions coefficients, quantiles, totals or counts even when the population size is unknown. It can be used with large and negligible sampling fractions. It also provides asymptotically optimal point estimators, and naturally includes calibration constraints. The proposed approach is computationally simpler than the pseudo empirical likelihood and the bootstrap approaches. Berger and De La Riva Torres (2015) show that the empirical likelihood confidence interval may give better coverages than the approaches based on linearisation, bootstrap and pseudo empirical likelihood.
Can wisdom be fostered: Time to test the model of wisdom

Abstract Several psychological theories and models of wisdom have been developed. Despite converging trend from different theories and models in the understanding of wisdom, intervention plans or attempts to facilitate wisdom have been meager. In this study, different components of the MORE Life Experience Model of Wisdom were taken as intervention targets, and these components were targeted through mindfulness training, journal writing, narrative simulation, and case discussion on leadership virtues. The basic purpose was to seek the answer for the possibility of development of wisdom in individuals by testing MORE model and we plan to answer this by fulfilling two aims: first, to find empirical support for the MORE life experience model, we wanted to see whether MORE components predict participants’ self-rated wisdom scores; and second, to use this model as an intervention tool to foster wisdom. Intervention, lasted for 18 weeks, was done among 160 students (age range 19–22 years) enrolled for “leadership” course. Complete data were obtained from 108 participants. Result suggests Habitual Action (β = 0.24, p < 0.05), Personal Mastery (β = 0.24, p < 0.05), and Suppression (β = 0.20, p < 0.05) predicted Cognitive Wisdom; Personal Mastery (β = 0.34, p < 0.001; β = 0.43, p < 0.01) and Mindfulness (β = 0.23, p < 0.05; β = 0.26, p < 0.05) predicted Affective and Reflective Wisdom; and composite wisdom was predicted by Mindfulness (β = 0.33, p < 0.001) and Reappraisal (β = 0.24, p < 0.01). After intervention there were changes in Suppression (d = 0.34) and Habitual Action (d = 0.26). The study concluded with an affirmation to the conviction that wisdom may be amenable to the intervention.
Learning and Coding in Neural Networks

How do neurons process, encode, and transmit information? This is a central question in neuroscience, referred to as the “neural coding” issue. There is a broad agreement that spikes are the basic currency for transmitting information between neurons, the reason being that they can propagate over large distances. How the brain actually uses them to encode information remains more controversial. In particular, the issue of the relevant timescales is intensely debated: do individual spike times matter, or does one need counting them over a long time window (say a few tens of milliseconds) to obtain a meaningful, reliable quantity? (see also Chapter 17). Typically electro-physiologists have assessed this question by recording in vivo in primary sensory or motor areas, and used information theory or decoding techniques (Quiroga and Panzeri, 2009) (see also Chapter 8) to estimate the amount of information about respectively the stimulus, or the motor command, contained in a given feature of the neural activity. Both techniques require multiple trials and make the implicit hypothesis that the recorded neurons only encode this stimulus (respectively motor command)—the remaining variability when controlling the stimulus (respectively motor command) is thus treated as noise. For higher-order neurons (i.e., farther away from the sensory input or motor output), this approach should be used with caution, because we do not know what the neurons encode. Thus the variability in the activity, instead of being mere noise, could come from uncontrolled variables. As Barlow wrote about neural responses in 1972, “their apparently erratic behavior was caused by our ignorance, not the neuron’s incompetence” (Barlow, 1972). In this chapter, we are using a completely different, theoretical, approach to tackle the neural coding issue: the set of candidate neural codes can be narrowed down by two main constraints. First, a neural code should be decodable by downstream neurons (Dayan and Abbott, 2001). This problem is often ignored when using the two above-mentioned approaches: information theory completely ignores the decoder, and decoding approaches often use nonbiologically plausible decoders such as support vector machines. However, this decoding problem is crucial: it is not because there is information in a certain activity feature that it can indeed be used by the brain. It may well be an epiphenomenon and the brain may extract the same information from another feature of the neuronal activity, or from other neurons. One has to show how downstream neurons can respond selectively to the candidate features. Q1 26
Interactions between land use change and carbon cycle feedbacks

Using the Community Earth System Model, we explore the role of human land use and land cover change (LULCC) in modifying the terrestrial carbon budget in simulations forced by Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5, extended to year 2300. Overall, conversion of land (e.g., from forest to croplands via deforestation) results in a model‐estimated, cumulative carbon loss of 490 Pg C between 1850 and 2300, larger than the 230 Pg C loss of carbon caused by climate change over this same interval. The LULCC carbon loss is a combination of a direct loss at the time of conversion and an indirect loss from the reduction of potential terrestrial carbon sinks. Approximately 40% of the carbon loss associated with LULCC in the simulations arises from direct human modification of the land surface; the remaining 60% is an indirect consequence of the loss of potential natural carbon sinks. Because of the multicentury carbon cycle legacy of current land use decisions, a globally averaged amplification factor of 2.6 must be applied to 2015 land use carbon losses to adjust for indirect effects. This estimate is 30% higher when considering the carbon cycle evolution after 2100. Most of the terrestrial uptake of anthropogenic carbon in the model occurs from the influence of rising atmospheric CO2 on photosynthesis in trees, and thus, model‐projected carbon feedbacks are especially sensitive to deforestation.
Experimental and finite-element free vibration analysis and artificial neural network based on multi-crack diagnosis of non-uniform cross-section beam

Crack identification is a very important issue in mechanical systems, because it is a damage that if develops may cause catastrophic failure. In the first part of this research, modal analysis of a multi-cracked variable cross-section beam is done using finite element method. Then, the obtained results are validated usingthe results of experimental modal analysis tests. In the next part, a novel procedure is considered to identify the locations and depths of cracks in the multi-cracked variable cross-section beam using natural frequency variations of the beam based on artificial neural network and particle swarm optimization algorithm. In the proposed crack identification algorithm, four distinct neural networks are employed for the identification of locations and depths of both cracks. Back error propagation and particle swarm optimization algorithms are used to train the networks. Finally, the results of these two methods are evaluated.
Expressions of futurity in the Vilamovicean language

The present paper aims at presenting all major morphosyntactic means of expressing future meaning in Vilamovicean, the smallest Germanic language spoken in the town of Wilamowice in Southern Poland. As will be demonstrated – and contrary to the opinion found in the literature published so far – the concept of futurity is not limited to the wada future but, rather, can be conveyed by a number of constructions. These forms may be divided into two main groups: the first one includes formations that are employed with no restriction by all speakers (among others these are constructions like the present tense, the periphrases wada + infinitive, wjyd + past participle or adverbials, wada hon /zajn + past participle, and zuoa + infinitive, as well as various modally based future expressions) while the second class consists of two novel and "rare" locutions which are accepted uniquely by a limited number of speakers (this group includes locutions such as wada + past participle and wada + present). Furthermore, two other Vilamovicean periphrases will be discussed, namely wie + past participle and wie + present, which, even though restricted to the conditional value, display a similar morphosyntactic shape as the "rare futures".
Sequential‐based process modelling of VOCs photodegradation in fluidized beds

Sequential modular simulation (SMS), as a new modelling approach, was developed to simulate the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of gaseous pollutants in fluidized bed reactors. In the experimental part, the PCO of gaseous acetone was studied in a fluidized bed photo‐reactor (FBPR) and the influence of operating conditions (inlet concentration, relative humidity (RH) and superficial gas velocity) on both acetone conversion and mineralization was investigated. It was found that the RH, as a key factor in PCO reactions, had a contradictory effect on the conversion and mineralization of acetone. In the modelling part, the bed was divided into several sections in which the bubble and emulsion phases were considered as a plug flow and a completely mixed flow reactor, respectively. Dynamic two‐phase model was adopted as the hydrodynamic sub‐model and the Langmuir–Hinshelwood (LH) mechanismas the kinetic sub‐model. Kinetic constants of the latter sub‐model were estimated using experimental data from the literature. A new dimensionless number (HA number) was introduced to determine the optimum number of sections, as the most important factor in model predictions. The performance of the proposed model was compared with the experimental data obtained in this study and several sets of experimental data from the literature. The results showed that the simple and easy‐to‐achieve approach, which has the capability of integrating into the industrial process simulators such as Aspen Plus© and Aspen HYSYS©, can be used to simulate the behaviour of non‐ideal FBPRs in PCO processes
Motor Efficiency and Comparison of Children in Early Childhood from Greece Albania and Sweden

The purpose of this study was to observe record and compare the children’s of early childhood performance of motor skills of different nationalities from Greece, Albania and Sweden. Additionally to investigate differences in motor performance between boys and girls and between age groups. The survey was conducted in the school years 2013-2014 and 2014-2015, and took place in the frame of the student exchange program ERASMUS internships of Preschool Education, University of Ioannina. The sample consisted of 369 infants (187 boys, 182 girls) aged 66 ± 7 months. The sample was selected according to the access that the team had in nursery schools of Ioannina (N1 = 133), in Dervitsani (N2 = 131) Albania and Gothenburg (N2 = 105) of Sweden. The array of 18 different motor activities for children aged 4-6 years old was used to investigate the toddlers’ degree of movement performance. They were used the manufacturer’s instructions for the degree of movement performance and classification of the sample in different categories, while a descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (Three Way ANOVA) took place for sex factors, age and region of origin. The results showed that although there were differences in rates distributions and averages, there were no significant differences either between children from the three countries or between boys and girls, however, there were in the age groups with older children who achieved better rates.
Galaxy Zoo: Morphological Classification of Galaxy Images from the Illustris Simulation

Modern large-scale cosmological simulations model the universe with increasing sophistication and at higher spatial and temporal resolutions. These ongoing enhancements permit increasingly detailed comparisons between the simulation outputs and real observational data. Recent projects such as Illustris are capable of producing simulated images that are designed to be comparable to those obtained from local surveys. This paper tests the degree to which Illustris achieves this goal across a diverse population of galaxies using visual morphologies derived from Galaxy Zoo citizen scientists. Morphological classifications provided by these volunteers for simulated galaxies are compared with similar data for a compatible sample of images drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Legacy Survey. This paper investigates how simple morphological characterization by human volunteers asked to distinguish smooth from featured systems differs between simulated and real galaxy images. Significant differences are identified, which are most likely due to the limited resolution of the simulation, but which could be revealing real differences in the dynamical evolution of populations of galaxies in the real and model universes. Specifically, for stellar masses , a substantially larger proportion of Illustris galaxies that exhibit disk-like morphology or visible substructure, relative to their SDSS counterparts. Toward higher masses, the visual morphologies for simulated and observed galaxies converge and exhibit similar distributions. The stellar mass threshold indicated by this divergent behavior confirms recent works using parametric measures of morphology from Illustris simulated images. When , the Illustris data set contains substantially fewer galaxies that classifiers regard as unambiguously featured. In combination, these results suggest that comparison between the detailed properties of observed and simulated galaxies, even when limited to reasonably massive systems, may be misleading.
Proximate Composition of Bio Potential Seaweeds from Mandapam South East Coast of India

Proximate composition of the three green seaweeds viz., Chaetomorpha aerea, Enteromorpha intestinalis, Enteromorpha compressa one brown seaweed Dictyota dichotoma and one red seaweed Gracilaria corticata was investigated by determination of protein, carbohydrates, lipid, moisture and ash content. In the present study, the total protein was recarded upper most in E.intestinalis and bare minimum in E.compressa. The maximum carbohydrates recorded in C. aerea and minimum in G. corticata. The lipid content was acquired upper limit in E. compressa and least in C. aerea. The ash and moisture content in following of 5 different seaweeds are as follows: 7.45mg/g, 3.91mg/g were recorded in the C.aerea, 8.52mg/g, 3.42mg/g in the E.intestinalis, 8.58mg/g, 3.75mg/g in the E.compressa, 9.47mg/g, 4.23mg/g in the D.dichotoma and 6.95mg/g, 3.98mg/g in G.corticata. The proximate composition of 5 different seaweed species exhibited high nutritional value for human consumption.
An Investigation of Maintenance and the Correlates of Depression: Rumination, Emotion Regulation, Cognitive Inhibition, Sleep and Diet

Prior research has shown that depression is highly correlated with rumination, difficulties with emotion regulation and cognitive inhibition, a nd changes in sleep and appetite. Yet, little information exists regarding possible associations between these constructs themselves within depressed individuals. Given the possible link betw e n the ongoing state of depression and these factors, it is important to determine how these fac tors are related to one another within the depressed state. Therefore, the present study exten ded previous research by investigating the relationship between rumination, emotion regulation , cognitive inhibition, sleep and diet in the context of depression. Questionnaires related to ru mination, emotion regulation, sleep, and personal diet among controls, previously-depressed and currently depressed participants. Participants also completed a go/no-go computer tas k in which they identified the valance of emotional words. The results revealed that depresse d and previously-depressed individuals responded more quickly to emotional words than heal t y controls. The individuals with current depressive symptomology also exhibited impairments in he inhibition of negative stimuli. The results also suggested that maladaptive emotion al reactivity may be a remnant of previous functioning among those with a past histor y of depression, as the current sample demonstrated emotion regulation trouble despite the ir lower levels of depressive symptoms. A number of processes were also found to be related i n the context of a depressive episode. These findings highlight the significance of identifying the nature of the relationships between symptoms thought to maintain one’s depression, as t his could help to develop more effective intervention strategies.
The Transnational Origins of Constitutions : Evidence from a New Global Data Set on Constitutional Rights

Constitutions are commonly described as national pr oducts shaped by domestic politics. This paper deve lops and empirically tests a different hypothesis, which is that constitutions are also shaped by transnational influence, or “diffusion”. Constitutional rights can diffuse thro ugh four mechanisms: coercion, competition, learnin g and acculturation. To test diffusion, we traced the his torical documents of all post-WWII constitutions an d documented the presence of 108 constitutional rights. Using a sample of these rights in 180 countries between 194 8 and 2001, we estimate a spatial lag model to explain their adopt ion. Our results show that countries follow the cho i es of their former colonizer, countries with the same legal ori gin, the same religion, the same former colonizer, and the same aid donor. We also find that diffusion explains onl y 3 percent of the variation in adoption. However, when a country adopts its first constitution, diffusion is much stronger and expla ins 46 percent of the variation.