Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cost analysis of protocols for transfer of bovine embryos used in Colombia

to commercial avalilable products at december 2005, taking into account the following sources of costs:� 1) Superovulation of donor cows, 2) sinchronization of receptor cows, and 3) personnel. Hormonal schedules that were analyzed included:� schedule 1 (S1), sinchronization with progesterone implants, FSH (continuous dose) GnRH (synchronization of ovulation), and AI; schedule 2 (S2), sinchronization with two dose prostaglandins, FSH (continuous dose), LH source and insemination; and schedule 3 (S3), sinchronization with progesterone implants, FSH (continuous dose), prostaglandin, GnRH (36h) after, and AI. Costs were calculated on the basis of 6.3, 6.6, and 10.3 transferable embryos/flush, for schedule 1, 2 and 3, respectively; flushes/donor/year (n = 4), and global pregnancy rate (50 or 100%). The estimated costs for transferable embryo were US 239.8 ($ 479.585.7), US 156 ($ 312.879.0), y US 115.1 ($ 230.186.5) for S1, S2, and S3, respectively. No statistically significant differences (p>0.05) between schedules were found for cost components. Average costs/transferable embryo were increased to US 359.7 ($719.378.6), US 234.7 ($ 469.318.4), y US 172.6 ($ 345.279.7), respectively, when 50% of transferred embryo losses were included in the analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first report on estimated costs for embryo transfer in Colombia. In this work several cost components for calculating the cost of ET according to each hormonal schedule are provided.
Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: A Survey of the Families. Cerambycidae, Disteniidae, Vesperidae

Abstract Peru is one of the most biodiverse countries in the world. Its complex topography with Pacific coastal desert, high Andes, and Amazon basin underlies its exceptional species richness. Knowledge of Peru's beetle fauna is poorly known. Based on a literature review, institutional records, and fieldwork, this contribution reviews the fauna of three cerambycoid families, Cerambycidae, Disteniidae, and Vesperidae, recorded from Peru. The checklist presents 6 subfamilies, 60 tribes, 411 genera, and 869 species and subspecies for Peru. Type localities and known host plant records are also provided and pest species in Peru are briefly noted. This is the first paper in a series, Beetles of Peru. Many more new species await discovery and description as fieldwork continues in Peru.
ESTIMATIVA DA ÁREA FOLIAR DE JUAZEIRO POR DIMENSÕES LINEARES DO LIMBO FOLIAR

Com o objetivo de obter equacoes que, atraves de parâmetros lineares dimensionais das folhas, permitisse a estimativa da area foliar de juazeiro, estudaram-se relacoes entre a area foliar real e parâmetros dimensionais do limbo foliar, como o comprimento ao longo da nervura principal (C) e a largura maxima (L), perpendicular a nervura principal. As equacoes lineares simples, polinomiais e potencias obtida podem ser usadas para estimacao da area foliar. Do ponto de vista pratico, sugere-se optar pela equacao linear simples envolvendo o produto C x L, considerando o coeficiente linear igual a zero, a qual apresentou a menor Soma de Quadrados do Residuo. Desse modo, a estimativa da area foliar de juazeiro pode ser feita pela formula AF = 0,7931 x (C x L), que equivale a tomar, 79,31% do produto entre o comprimento ao longo da nervura principal e a largura maxima, com um coeficiente de correlacao de 0,9937.
NSAIDs, fatty acids and cholesterol as modifiers of pathology in rodent models of Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease, the most common type of senile dementia, is characterised by p-amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and neuronal loss. Amyloid plaques are associated with the increased inflammation and oxidative stress. Rodent models overexpressing APP are a useful tool to investigate both the processes and the consequences of amyloid generation, and are crucial for developing and testing hypotheses about treatments and risk factors. Tg2576 transgenic mice overexpress human 'Swedish' mutated APP and show memory impairment followed by amyloid plaques pathology. GP56 rats also overexpress human 'Swedish' mutated APP, but show no signs of AD-like pathology. In this thesis, I explored the influence of dietary and pharmacological modifications on pathogenesis of AD as tested in rodent models. As epidemiological data implicated the role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in reducing the risk of AD, I investigated the role of ibuprofen as either prevention or treatment in transgenic mice. The results indicated that ibuprofen delayed the onset of behavioural impairment but only when it was administered early during the evolution of their pathology. Levels of Ap and plaque pathology were not affected. Also consumption of n-3 fatty acids seemed to reduce the risk of AD, possibly by acting as an anti-oxidant. Thus I investigated the effect of DHA on learning ability and pathology in AD mice. Administration of DHA to young mice reduced the impairment in learning but did not alter Ap levels or plaque pathology. Finally the role of high cholesterol diet was investigated in GP56 rats. Feeding rats for 8 weeks did not induce any amyloid-connected pathology. The results indicate that modulation of inflammatory processes, or lipids can have modest ameliorating effects on behavioural impairments in rodent AD models, provided intervention is undertaken early, but suggest these may not be the most efficacious targets for therapeutic intervention.
The lion in Ghana: its historical and current status

El leon en Ghana: su situacion pasada y presente Historicamente, la poblacion de leon ( Panthera leo ) en Ghana ha sido poco estudiada y su situacion actual esta poco documentada. Tras los ultimos intentos infructuosos de encontrar indicios de la presencia de la especie, son numerosos los autores que opinan que la poblacion de leon en Ghana esta practicamente extinguida. En un intento por recabar mas datos, desde 2005 hemos venido realizando estudios sobre esta especie en los parques mas importantes de Ghana y otras zonas protegidas del pais, que se han centrado principalmente en el Parque Nacional de Mole (MNP). Asimismo, hemos examinado los datos publicados con el fin de reconstruir la historia de la presencia del leon en el pais. Si bien nuestra investigacion no aporto datos inequivocos, se recabo informacion circunstancial que sugiere que aun podria existir una pequena poblacion de leon en el MNP y sus zonas circundantes.
Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities of Edible Herbs

The contents of plant chemicals such as volatile compounds, phenolic compounds, fatty acids content and antioxidant activities from Thai edible herbs were determined. Eucalyptol was the most prominent volatile compound in Alpinia galanga (68%). The main phenolic acids (hydrocinnamic acids) in these herbs were ferulic acid, sinapic acid and syringic acid. Ferulic acid was the major hydrocinnamic acid derivative, ranging from 2 to 52 mg/g, followed by sinapic acid (16 to 24 mg/g) and syringic acid (1 to 8 mg/g). Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was the most predominant fatty acid found in analyzed Thai herbs, followed by saturated fatty acid (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA). Four PUFAs including 18:3n-3, 18:2n-6, 18:3n-6 and 20:4n-6 was detected in the samples. Alpinia galangal had the highest omega-3 PUFA (18:3n-3) among all samples tested. Boesenbergia pandurata extract exhibited highest antioxidant activities. This research provided useful information for screening Thai edible herbs as potential sources of bioactive components for consumers and public health workers.
Vocal identification of individual african Wood Owls Strix woodfordii: a technique to monitor long-term adult turnover and residency

The hoot-calls of Wood Owls Strix woodfordii, recorded in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, from 1986 to 1998, are sufficiently different to distinguish individuals. Thirteen hoot-call variables, measured from recordings over this period, show that male and female Wood Owls have such temporal stability that these calls can be used reliably as a long-term census technique. MANOVA, based on ordinations from principal component analysis, was used to identify individuals statistically between sampling periods. A forward stepwise discriminant function analysis achieved 100% classification success of individual male (n = 3) and female (n = 4) owls from a single sampling period. For all the individuals recorded over the whole study period we achieved a classification success of 80.9% [n = 9) for male hoot calls and of 96.3% (n = 13) for female calls. We found mean occupation periods of 82. 25 and 65 months and annual turnover rates of 19.3% and 13.65% for males and females, respectively. Our survey, using vocalizations, is unique since we use data collected over a 12-year period to derive estimates of population turnover in Wood Owls, and consider what questions can be addressed in similar studies.
Expression

Whether the word ‘passion’, as indicating the suffering or affection from without of a soul, is by now no more than a dead metaphor, surviving from an antique conception of the mind; whether, indeed, there is any way open to us of determining the passivity or otherwise of our inner life, apart, that is, from how it strikes us, from how we are prompted to describe it, are not questions that I can take up this evening. It is enough for my purpose that for much of the time our feelings, our emotions, our inclinations are as fluctuating or as imperious as if they were not totally under our control. We are elated: we are dejected: we get angry, and then our anger gives place to a feeling of absurdity: we remain in love with someone who is lost to us but whom we cannot renounce: we are interested in something, and suddenly we are bored, or frightened that we will be bored: we see a stranger, someone who is nothing to us, who is poor or crippled, and we feel guilt: someone does something wrong or foolish, and we are unaccountably transported by laughter, by ‘sudden glory’ as Hobbes called it, knowing what it was about, and then, as unaccountably, we are thrown down. Man is, in Montaigne's famous phrase, une chose ondoyante, a creature of inner change and fickleness.
Identification of Chrysanthemum Genetic Resources Resistant to White Rust Caused by Puccinia horiana

This experiment was carried out to identify genetic resources of chrysanthemum wild species and commercial cultivars that are resistant to white rust disease caused by Puccinia horiana. A total of 190 chrysanthemum accessions, composed of 11 accessions belonging to six wild species and 179 commercial cultivars, were screened for resistance to P. horiana isolates collected from Muan and Jeonju, the main production area of chrysanthemum in Korea. A total of 41 spray cultivars and three wild species (Chrysanthemum boreale, C. yoshinaganthum, and C. zawadskii) were identified as resistant. Nine standard and 28 spray cultivars with poorly developed chlorotic lesions and pustules on the leaves were moderate resistant. The remaining 18 standard, 83 spray cultivars and three wild species (Aster spathulifolius, C. indicum, and C. pacificum) were highly susceptible. The use of resistant cultivars is one of the most efficient approaches for overcoming white rust disease in chrysanthemum cultivation. Therefore, these genetic resources can be used in crossbreeding programs for developing white rust resistant chrysanthemum cultivars.
Modification of potato starch granule structure and morphology in planta by expression of starch binding domain fusion proteins.

Producing starches with altered composition, structure and novel physico-chemical properties in planta by manipulating the enzymes which are involved in starch metabolism or (over)expressing heterologous enzymes has huge advantages such as broadening the range of starch applications and reducing the costs of the post-harvest starch modification. The starch binding domain (SBD) technology has been extensively explored in our lab for modifying starch in planta and producing so-called “tailored starches”. In this thesis, two different microbial enzymes, E. coli glycogen branching enzyme (GlgB) and Neisseria polysaccharea amylosucrase, were chosen and expressed in potato to modify starch composition or structure by fusing with an SBD. Expression of these different fusion proteins in potato resulted in starch granule morphology and structure alteration severely in different ways. Moreover, expression of SBD-amylosucrase fusion protein in the amylose-containing potato resulted in starch granules with a rough surface, a 2-fold increase in median granule size, and altered physico-chemical properties including higher end viscosity and higher enzymatic digestibility. Furthermore, earlier produced MAT/SBD transformants were analyzed at the transcriptional level using the POCI array. It showed that although expression of MAT in potato resulted in amalgamated starch granules, it did not affect the transcript level of other genes in the starch biosynthetic pathway. Next to these experiments, a tandem CBM25 domain of amylase from Microbacterium aurum was introduced in potato and the results suggested that it can be used as a novel tool for targeting proteins to granules during starch biosynthesis without causing side-effects. All these studies in this thesis demonstrated that the feasibility of modification of starch in planta by expression of heterologous enzymes fused with SBD.
PROSPECCIÓN Y CARACTERIZACIÓN PRELIMINAR in situ DE CINCO ESPECIES DE Sapotaceas EN NICARAGUA

Este trabajo consistio en una prospeccion (1994) y caracterizacion in situ (1995-1998) de cinco especies de la familia Sapotaceas en Nicaragua. Con fichas de inventario y fichas etnobotanicas se recopilo la informacion, obteniendose 246 registros de emManilkara zapota L. (nispero), 287 deem Chrysophyllum emcainito L. (caimito), 508 de Pouteria sapota Jacquin (zapote rojo), 49 de Pouteria viridis Pittier (zapote verde) y 46 muestras de Pouteria campechiana H.B. K (zapote mico). Se determinaron estadisticos basicos, analisis Cluster y Componentes Principales. Estas especies tienen uso medicinal y se encuentran generalmente en huertos familiares y muy poco como plantaciones comerciales, los fru­tos se comercializan en mercados locales, excepto P emcampechiana. P sapota, E viridis y M. zapota son las mas apetecidas como fruta fresca, estos presentaron frutos con promedios de 323 y 95 gramos, algunos con peso superior a los 1000 gramos, sabor dulce, buen aroma, jugosidad y facil desprendimiento de pulpa. Se muestrearon frutos de emM. zapota de mas de 500 gramos, el promedio fue 134 gramos, de forma redonda, alargada y ovalada, y sabor muy dulce. C. cainito presento peso promedio de mas de 100 gramos; los frutos son muy dulces, cascara verde, blanca y morada. En Rivas e isla de Ometepe, Leon, Chinandega, Masaya y Granada se encontro la mayor diversidad fenotipica y frutos de mejor calidad (zapote y nispero). Este estudio demuestra que existe gran diversidad genetica en el pais que tiene gran potencial.
EVALUATION OF LENTIL GERMPLASM FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE TO FUSARIUM WILT (FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F.SP. LENTIS)

Lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) is one of the oldest known protein-rich food legumes. Lentil is the second pulse crop after dry bean in Bulgaria. Diseases such as Ascochyta blight and Lentil wilt play a major role in reducing lentil yield. Thirty two lentil genotypes with different geographical origin were screened for reaction to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis during 2003-2004 from the Institute for Plant Genetic Resourses, Sadovo under greenhouse conditions. Three of the studied accessions (91-001, 91-028 and 98-001) were susceptible with 45 and 50 % of total wilted plant.
Lentiviral vectors for regulated and liver directed gene therapy

One of the problems that limit the efficiency of viral gene therapy is the lack of specificity of viral particle binding. The development of techniques to target viral particles to specific cell types is therefore important. Because GP64 can efficiently pseudotype lentiviral vectors, we investigated the possibility of using GP64 for lentiviral vector particle targeting. A peptide derived from the hepatitis B virus (HBV) PreS1 protein, with known affinity for an unidentified receptor expressed on hepatocytes, was inserted at amino acid position 278 of the GP64 protein (PreS1-GP64). The GP64 and PreS1-GP64 proteins were expressed and incorporated into lentiviral particles at comparable levels. Flow cytometry measurements confirmed surface display of the PreS1 peptide. The highest titers of PreS1-GP64-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors were observed on liver-derived cell lines. Gene transfer of PreS1-GP64 lentiviral vectors was inhibited by coincubation with an antibody directed against the PreS1 peptide. These data suggest that the PreS1 peptide is involved in viral attachment to the cell surface. The insertion of targeting peptides into the GP64 envelope protein represents a potential ap- proach for the targeting of lentiviral vectors to specific cell types.
Using Partial Least Squares Regression, Factorial Regression, and AMMI Models for Interpreting Genotype × Environment Interaction

Partial least squares (PLS) and factorial regression (FR) are statistical models that incorporate external environmental and/or cultivar variables for studying and interpreting genotype × environment interaction (GEl). The Additive Main effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model uses only the phenotypic response variable of interest; however, if information on external environmental (or genotypic) variables is available, this can be regressed on the environmental (or genotypic) scores estimated from AMMI and superimposed on the AMMI biplot. The objectives of this study with two wheat [Triticum turgidum (L.) var. durum] field trials were (i) to compare the results of PLS, FR, and AMMI on the basis of external environmental (and cultivar) variables, (ii) to examine whether procedures based PLS, FR, and AMMI identify the same or a different subset of cultivar and/or environmental covariables that influence GEI for grain yield, and (iii) to find multiple FR models that include environmental and cultivar covariables and their cross products that explain a large proportion of GEI with relatively few degrees of freedom. Results for the first trial showed that AMMI, PLS, and FR identified similar cultivar and environmental variables that explained a large proportion of the cultivar × year interaction. Results for the second wheat trial showed good correspondence between PLS and FR for 23 environmental covariables. For both trials, PLS and FR complement each other and the AMMI and PLS biplots offered similar interpretations of the GEl. The FR analysis can be used to confirm these results and to obtain even more parsimonious descriptions of the GEL
Morfologia radicular de cultivares de café arábica submetidas a diferentes arranjos espaciais

The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphological responses of the root system of four Arabica coffee cultivars subjected to different spatial arrangements. The adopted plant spacings were 0.40, 0.50, 0.60, 0.70, and 0.80 m between plants within rows, maintaining 3.8 m constant between rows. At 27, 35, and 39 months after transplanting, samples of soil+roots were collected at three surface positions in relation to plant stems and at three depths. Roots were washed, colored, digitalized, and processed with the Safira software. The Tupi RN IAC 1669‑13 cultivar showed a root system with superior morphological traits related to the absorption of nutrients and water, in comparison to those of the Catuai Vermelho IAC 144, Catuai Amarelo IAC 62, and Catuai Amarelo IAC 32 cultivars, for all tested spatial arrangements. The reduction in spacing increases the amount of total root per soil volume unit, without affecting the morphological quality of the root system, nor deepening it. The root systems of the evaluated cultivars are more abundant and show higher surface and specific length between adjacent plants, followed by the 0.25 and 0.50 m positions away from the coffee stem. The proportion of roots at the 0.1 m layer is higher than at the 0.4 m layer, for all plant spacings. Changes in spacings between plants within lines affect the morphology of Arabica coffee root system.
The Potential Spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis into the Environment in the Creation of Spondylitis Tuberculosis Rabbit

Direct Mycobacterium tuberculosis inoculation on rabbit vertebral body was used in rabbit spinal infection study. The potential spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis into the environment will be observed in order to create the conditions fulfilling biosafety aspects. Two groups of six New Zealand rabbits were treatment group () and control group (). The treatment group had injection of 0.1 mL (107 cfu/mL) suspension of Mycobacterium tuberculosis into the vertebral body T12. They were incubated for 2 to 14 weeks. One rabbit per period of 2, 4, 6, and 14 weeks was euthanized to collect feces, urine, saliva, and tissue lesions. The control group had only feces, urine, and saliva to detect bacteria using AFB staining, culture, and PCR. Both two groups were kept in individual cages. They were put together in a large cage for 3 hours every day to interact with each other. AFB staining, culture, and radiological examination showed negative result, but in one rabbit, histopathological examination showed positive result and PCR examination in another rabbit of the treatment group. Spreading score was 1.05% and infected score was 0 (null). The procedure did not reveal the potential spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis into the environment.
An objective, niche‐based approach to indicator species selection

1. Species‐based indices are frequently employed as surrogates for wider biodiversity health and measures of environmental condition. Species selection is crucial in determining an indicator’s metric value and hence the validity of the interpretation of ecosystem condition and function it provides, yet an objective process to identify appropriate indicator species is frequently lacking.
Investigations on the cytology and life-cycle of the parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium sp associated with mortality of Nephrops norvegicus

Dinoflagellate parasites of the genus Hematodinium are associated with heavy mortality of the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) off the west coast of Scotland. The Syndinean dinoflagellate has been isolated from N. norvegicus and has been successfully cultured axenically in vitro. Twelve isolates have been serially cultivated in a medium of 10% fetal calf serum in a balanced Nephrops saline with added antibiotics at 8-10°C. In this medium the parasite undergoes developmental changes that are believed to represent stages in the life cycle of the parasite in vivo. This is the first complete life cycle in vitro to be described for a Syndinean dinoflagellate. Flagellate dinospores arise in vitro from circulating sporogenic parasite forms - sporoblasts removed in the haemolymph from infected lobsters. Sporogenic parasites are recognised by the presence in the cytoplasm of structures not found in the trophont. These are (1) trichocysts and (2) flagellar hairs within swollen endoplasmic reticulum cisternae. Dinospores are of two types - a larger macrospore and a smaller, more active microspore. Individual isolates produce one or the other, not both. Condensation of chromosomes in the nucleus is more pronounced in the microspore than in the macrospore. Both spore types germinate after 18-62 days in the culture medium to produce the main multiplicative stage of the parasite in vitro - the multinucleate filamentous trophont. No fusion of flagellates has been observed and each type of spore can germinate independently of the presence of the other, indicating that the spores are not gametes. The filamentous trophonts correspond to the only form of the type species of the genus, Hematodinium perezi, found circulating in the blood of infected crabs by Chatton and Poisson (1931). (DXN004,487)