Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trading Activities, Firms and Productivity

We exploit a panel dataset of Hungarian rms merged with product-level trade data for the period 1992-2003 to investigate the relation between rms trading activities (importing and exporting) and within- rm productivity growth. We nd that within rm productivity growth is systematically related to participation in international trade. Further, controlling for a number of patterns in trade activities (changes in number of traded products and countries of origin and destination, broad economic categories), we nd that self-selection of the most productive rms operates for both importers and exporters, with seemingly larger xed costs characterising the importing activity. As a result, failing to control for the importing activity leads to overstated productivity premia of exporters. JEL classi cation: F12, F14, L25 Keywords: trade openness, rmsheterogeneity, productivity Bocconi University & FEEM, Milan yInstitute of Economics, Hungarian Academy of Science. Corresponding author: IE-HAS, 1112 Budaorsi ut 45, Budapest, Hungary. Email: bekes@econ.core. hu zAcknowledgements: This paper is part of a larger research project joint with Balazs Murakozy, whom we thank for his insights and suggestions. We also wish to thank Peter Harasztosi for excellent research assistance and Gabor Korosi for invaluable help in dataset management. Clearly, the entire responsibility for errors and omissions remains on us.
Beyond Compensation? Examining the Role of Apologies in the Restoration of Victims’ Needs in Simulated Tort Cases

Tort law currently debates the value of facilitating apology to enhance the restoration of victims' nonmaterial needs, and to promote dispute resolution. However, the extent to which apology can augment these outcomes beyond conventional, monetary reparations is not yet clear. The present research aimed to provide some first insights into this question, by means of 2 experimental studies conducted among community members recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk; Study 1) and Prolific (Study 2). Participants imagined a scenario in which they became victims of a traffic accident. Study 1 (N = 81, 42 men, 39 women, Mage = 35.90) manipulated the resulting harm (personal injury or property loss) to examine which needs participants experienced, and what remedies (apology, compensation) they desired. Factor analysis revealed (nonmaterial) needs for interpersonal treatment, responsibility taking, closure, and punishment, and (material) needs for compensation; these needs were as prominent after property loss as after personal injury. Nonmaterial needs predicted greater desire for apology (and not compensation). Study 2 (N = 485, 286 men, 199 women, Mage = 31.03) examined how these remedies impacted the satisfaction of these needs and dispute resolution by manipulating apology (no apology, apology), compensation level (partial, approximate, or exact), and harm within the same scenario. Apologies enhanced the restoration of participants' nonmaterial needs. However, settlement remained mostly contingent on compensation: (modest) effects of apology were restricted to partial compensation. These findings, therefore, imply that apologies could augment victims' restoration after torts, but may be limited as a catalyst for settlement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Pectasol‐C Modified Citrus Pectin targets Galectin‐3‐induced STAT3 activation and synergize paclitaxel cytotoxic effect on ovarian cancer spheroids

Here we sought to determine the relationship between STAT3 activity and Galectin‐3 (Gal‐3) and to investigate the cytotoxic effect of PectaSol‐C Modified Citrus Pectin (Pect‐MCP) as a specific competitive inhibitor of Galectin‐3 (Gal‐3) in combination with Paclitaxel (PTX) to kill the ovarian cancer cell SKOV‐3 multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS). To this order, SKOV‐3 cells in 2D and 3D cultures were treated with exogenous Gal‐3 for the assessment of STAT3 activity. Two‐way ANOVA main effect and IC50 of each drug Paclitaxel (PTX) and Pect‐MCP or in combination were obtained from MTT assay results. The phosphorylated STAT3 levels, migration, invasion, integrin mRNA and p‐AKTser473 levels were assessed in the absence or presence of each drug alone or in combination. Gal‐3 expression levels were assessed in human serous ovarian cancer (SOC) specimens and its correlation with different integrin mRNA levels was further assessed. Our results showed that Gal‐3 expression level was significantly increased in MCTS compared to monolayer SKOV‐3 cells which triggered STAT3 phosphorylation. Moreover, Pect‐MCP synergized with PTX to kill SKOV3 MCTS through abrogation of STAT3 activity and reduced expression of its downstream target HIF‐1α, reduced integrin mRNA levels, and subsequently decreased AKT activity. There were higher expression levels of Gal‐3 in human high‐grade SOC specimens compared to the normal ovary and borderline SOC which positively and significantly correlated with α5, β2 and β6 integrin mRNA levels. Together, these results revealed for the first time that Pect‐MCP could be considered as a potential drug to enhance the PTX effect on ovarian cancer cells MCTS through inhibition of STAT3 activity.
Automatic Sleep Stage Classification using Convolutional Neural Networks with Long Short-Term Memory

The division of sleep into different stages using EEG signals is a commonplace practice in sleep laboratories and an indispensable tool for clinicians and researchers. Despite the advances in artificial intelligence, the sleep stage scoring process is in most cases still performed manually. As the scoring process is tedious and time-consuming, its automatization is desirable. In this study a convolutional neural network is trained to automatically extract features from raw 30-second epochs of the EEG, EMG and EOG. An extension of the network using long shortterm memory is used to make a sleep stage prediction given the six preceding epochs. To validate the automatic feature extraction a comparison with a hand-crafted feature extraction approach using 37 features is made. The networks were trained using the first 50 records of the public CCSHS dataset and further validated on the public Sleep-EDFx dataset, the public UCD dataset, the private EMSA dataset, as well as records 50 to 100 of the CCSHS. Results show that the network is able to achieve state-of-the-art performance on the CCSHS (record 0-50, accuracy 89%, F1 81%). Furthermore, without retraining, the network successfully recognizes sleep stages on unseen data of a similar cohort (CCSHS record 50-100: accuracy 91%, F1 84%, Sleep-EDFx accuracy 81%, F1 72%, EMSA 83% F1 72%). Performance were consistently higher compared to the hand-crafted feature approach. The results demonstrate that automatic feature extraction on sleep data is possible and learns features similar to the ones described in the sleep scoring manual of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.
Risk factors for predicting progression from normal cognition to mild cognitive impairment: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

Introduction Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) often represents the earliest stage of Alzheimer’s disease. There has been considerable research investigating specific risk factors regarding the progression from normal cognition to MCI. However, different studies have come to different conclusions on the impact of particular risk factors. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a meta-analysis of the risk factors that predict cognitive disruption in individuals based on associations with MCI. Methods and analysis We will search seven electronic databases without time limit, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Wan Fang Database and China Biology Medicine. Two researchers will independently screen for eligibility and perform data extraction. Data were extracted from cohort studies meeting the inclusive criteria according to the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) methods. A third member of the research team will be contacted when a consensus cannot be reached. Any disagreement will be settled by consensus. The NOS will be used to assess the quality of the studies. All analyses were performed using Stata V.15. 1. Ethics and dissemination We will report this review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis statement. We will disseminate our findings through a publication in a peer-reviewed journal. This systematic review does not require ethical approval as no primary data are collected. PROSPERO registration number CRD42018109099.
The influence of collective property rights on grazing management in a semi-arid region

The paper reports on a series of field experiments based on a non-standard common-pool resource model and carried out with communal farmers in southern Africa. We frame an experimental design used by Cardenas et al. (2008) in Thailand and Colombia according to the grazing situation in semi-arid regions. We analyse the efficiency of two simple, imperfectly enforced property-rights mechanisms that base on both, informal realworld arrangements practised in the communal areas as well as on the procedure pursued by the Namibian government, where mostly those farmers with big herd sizes get granted access to resettlement farms. Our results suggest that in the short run, the introduction of property rights increases the economic returns and has positive ecological effects, but that these effects diminish in the long-run if imperfectly enforced. It further seems that players’ propensity to co-operate is constant across the experiment: farmers who behave less co-operatively in an open access situation do so as well when they get granted exclusive property rights.
Financial Development and Economic Growth in Nigeria

The study examines the causal relationship between financial development and economic growth in Nigeria for the period 1960 to 2014 using dynamic time series model. Granger causality is tested within multivariate co integration and vector error correction model (VECM) framework. Four different measures of financial development are used to capture the different channels through which finance can affect growth. The empirical findings provide evidence that there is a stable positive long run relationship between financial development and economic growth. The result further showed that in Nigeria the direction of causality between financial development and economic growth is sensitive to the choice of proxy used for financial development. Financial development caused economic growth when private sector credit and bank deposit liabilities were used as proxies but when money to income ratio, and domestic credit ratios were alternatively used, growth is found to cause financial development. Keywords : Financial Development, Economic Growth
Effect of Irrigants on the Push-Out Bond Strength of Two Bioceramic Root Repair Materials

The purpose of this study was to compare different irrigants’ effect on two EndoSequence root repair materials’ push-out bond strength. Sixty root slices were filled either with EndoSequence premixed fast-set putty or regular-set paste, and then immersed either in sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine gluconate, or saline (as control) for 30 min, after which the slices were subjected to the push-out test. The surface structures were evaluated with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared. Fast-set putty exhibited greater displacement resistance when immersed in saline and subjected to adhesive failure mode, while regular-set paste showed greater resistance when immersed in chlorhexidine and subjected to cohesive failure mode. Infrared analysis showed changes in organic filler, and carbonate and phosphate bands after using irrigants. The lowest carbonate/phosphate ratio was found for chlorhexidine in both materials. Therefore, sodium hypochlorite reduced EndoSequence root repair materials’ displacement resistance markedly.
A review of the literature on benefits, costs, and policies for wildlife management

Wildlife management is a source of conflict in many countries because of the asymmetric allocation of benefits and costs among stakeholders. A review of studies on benefits, costs, and policies shows most valuation studies estimate recreational values of hunting, which can range between 13 and 545 USD/hunting day (in 2013 prices). A majority of the studies on costs calculate losses from livestock predation and crop destruction, and show that they can correspond to 40% of profits in the agricultural sector in wildlife rich regions in the US. Most of the studies are carried out for animals in developed economies, in particular in the US. This is in contrast to studies on costs of wildlife, which to a large extent are born by farmers neighboring national parks in developing and emerging economies. However, a common feature of both valuation and cost studies is the exclusion of several costs and benefits items and of indirect effects in the economies, which can be considerable for economies with high reliance on tourism and agriculture sectors. With respect to policy choice, the literature suggests economic incentives for conflict resolutions, where the winners from wildlife compensate the losses, but studies evaluating such policies in practice are lacking.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) and influenza vaccine behavior among Muslim women in the United States

Abstract In this study, we examined vaccination behaviors—single dose human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, triple dose HPV vaccination, and influenza vaccination—among Muslim women residing in the United States. Using logistic regression models, we analyzed self-reported survey. We found that respondents had lower rates of HPV vaccination and higher rates of influenza vaccination, relative to the general American population. The respondents in our sample who reported contraceptive use had higher odds of vaccination. In this study the authors provide a springboard for the enhancement of patient-centered care through better understanding of health behaviors and cultural preferences of underrepresented communities in research.
Acupoint catgut embedding for patients with chronic urticaria

Abstract Background: The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupoint catgut embedding in the treatment of chronic urticaria (CU). Methods: We will electronically search PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and Wan-Fang Database from their inception to March 2019. In addition, we will manually retrieve other resources including the reference lists of identified publications, conference articles, and gray literature. The clinical randomized controlled trials or quasi-randomized controlled trials related to acupoint catgut embedding for the treatment of CU will be included in the study. The language is limited to Chinese and English. Research selection, data extraction, and research quality assessment will be independently completed by 2 researchers. Data were synthesized by using a fixed effect model or random effect model depend on the heterogeneity test. The total effective rate was the primary outcomes. Skin disease quality of life index scores, adverse events, and recurrence rates will also be assessed as secondary outcomes. RevMan V.5. 3 statistical software will be used for meta-analysis. If it is not appropriate for a meta-analysis, then a descriptive analysis will be conducted. Data synthesis will use the risk ratio and the standardized or weighted average difference of continuous data to represent the results. Results: This study will provide a high-quality synthesis to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupoint catgut embedding for patients with CU. Conclusion: This systematic review will provide evidence to judge whether acupoint catgut embedding is an effective intervention for patients with CU. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO, CRD42019129459.
Estimating regional differences in returns to education when schooling and location are determined endogenously

The empirical evidence on differences in location-specific returns to education is potentially biased if the endogenous nature of either schooling or location is neglected during the estimation. In this paper, we apply the nonparametric approach of Das, Newey and Vella (2003) to correct for this double selectivity bias when estimating the effect of job location on returns to education in Finland. Using register-based data from six yearly cross-sections between 1980 and 2004, marginal returns at different amounts of schooling and average marginal returns are compared between the Helsinki metropolitan area and a group of university regions. While the standard OLS estimates suggest that there have been no differences in the region-type-specific returns, certain temporary differences are found after correcting for the selectivity. Furthermore, we find strong evidence that the marginal return has not been constant over different amounts of schooling attained.
THE NUMBER OF COMPOSITIONS INTO POWERS OF b

For a xed integer base b 2, we consider the number of compositions of 1 into powers of b and, related, the maximum number of representations a positive integer can have as an ordered sum of powers of b. We study the asymptotic growth of those numbers and give precise asymptotic formu- lae for it, and thus improving an earlier result of Molteni. Our approach uses generating functions, which we obtain from innite transfer matrices.
Associations between gabapentinoids and suicidal behaviour, unintentional overdoses, injuries, road traffic incidents, and violent crime: population based cohort study in Sweden

Abstract Objective To examine associations between gabapentinoids and adverse outcomes related to coordination disturbances (head or body injuries, or both and road traffic incidents or offences), mental health (suicidal behaviour, unintentional overdoses), and criminality. Design Population based cohort study. Setting High quality prescription, patient, death, and crime registers, Sweden. Participants 191 973 people from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register who collected prescriptions for gabapentinoids (pregabalin or gabapentin) during 2006 to 2013. Main outcome measures Primary outcomes were suicidal behaviour, unintentional overdoses, head/body injuries, road traffic incidents and offences, and arrests for violent crime. Stratified Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted comparing treatment periods with non-treatment periods within an individual. Participants served as their own control, thus accounting for time invariant factors (eg, genetic and historical factors), and reducing confounding by indication. Additional adjustments were made by age, sex, comorbidities, substance use, and use of other antiepileptics. Results During the study period, 10 026 (5.2%) participants were treated for suicidal behaviour or died from suicide, 17 144 (8.9%) experienced an unintentional overdose, 12 070 (6.3%) had a road traffic incident or offence, 70 522 (36.7%) presented with head/body injuries, and 7984 (4.1%) were arrested for a violent crime. In within-individual analyses, gabapentinoid treatment was associated with increased hazards of suicidal behaviour and deaths from suicide (age adjusted hazard ratio 1.26, 95% confidence interval 1.20 to 1.32), unintentional overdoses (1.24, 1.19 to 1.28), head/body injuries (1.22, 1.19 to 1.25), and road traffic incidents and offences (1.13, 1.06 to 1.20). Associations with arrests for violent crime were less clear (1.04, 0.98 to 1.11). When the drugs were examined separately, pregabalin was associated with increased hazards of all outcomes, whereas gabapentin was associated with decreased or no statistically significant hazards. When stratifying on age, increased hazards of all outcomes were associated with participants aged 15 to 24 years. Conclusions This study suggests that gabapentinoids are associated with an increased risk of suicidal behaviour, unintentional overdoses, head/body injuries, and road traffic incidents and offences. Pregabalin was associated with higher hazards of these outcomes than gabapentin.
The Effects of Fire on Recreation Demand in Montana

Wildfire and prescribed fire have the potential to affect user demand and value for recreation, making such information important to the decision-making process for fire managers. However, such information is not always readily available. We conducted surveys on 22 sites within four national forests in western Montana to determine fire effects on recreation demand for hiking and biking, and net economic benefits to visitors. Net value per trip for hikers was $37. There was no statistical difference for consumer surplus between hiking and biking. Although there were differences in existing visitation between hikers and bikers, there were no statistical differences between the two groups as a result of fire effects. We found that hikers' demand decreased slightly in areas recovering from crown fire and increased in areas recovering from prescribed fire. Bikers' response to both types of fire was the opposite of hikers; for example, bikers showed a slight decrease in annual trips as areas recovered from prescribed fire. Individual value per trip was unaffected by both wild and prescribed fire for both activity groups. Although our recreation demand shifts in response to fire were statistically significant, the magnitude of the predicted changes in demand were not substantial from a managerial perspective suggesting that recreation users in Montana are not affected by fire characteristics resulting from prescribed burns or crown fires. Demand, however, decreased by both user groups as area burned increased and the amount of burn viewed from trails increased, suggesting that the size and extent of burns do affect visitation. West. J. Appl. For. 19(1):47-53.
Sequence alignment using machine learning for accurate template-based protein structure prediction

Motivation Template-based modeling, the process of predicting the tertiary structure of a protein by using homologous protein structures, is useful if good templates can be found. Although modern homology detection methods can find remote homologs with high sensitivity, the accuracy of template-based models generated from homology-detection-based alignments is often lower than that from ideal alignments. Result In this study, we propose a new method that generates pairwise sequence alignments for more accurate template-based modeling. The proposed method trains a machine learning model using the structural alignment of known homologs. It is difficult to directly predict sequence alignments using machine learning. Thus, when calculating sequence alignments, instead of a fixed substitution matrix, this method dynamically predicts a substitution score from the trained model. We evaluate our method by carefully splitting the training and test datasets and comparing the predicted structure’s accuracy with that of state-of-the-art methods. Our method generates more accurate tertiary structure models than those produced from alignments obtained by other methods. Availability and Implementation https://github.com/shuichiro-makigaki/exmachina Contact ishida@c.titech.ac.jp or makigaki@cb.cs. titech.ac.jp