Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using NVivo for Literature Reviews: The Eight Step Pedagogy (N7+1)

While a literature review is a necessary milestone to be completed by all researchers in a timely and efficient manner, it is often one of the most difficult aspects of the research journey. Moreover, traditional approaches often leave novice researchers, to struggle with the conceptualisation of their literature review, now complicated by the overwhelming quantity of research available online. This paper presents a rationale the use of Qualitative Data Analysis Software (QDAS) programs for literature reviews. QDAS tools allow the researcher to explore large amounts of textual documents to see patterns. These programs are often overlooked by novice researchers due to their complexity and the lack of expertise provided to assist them. To combat this dilemma our paper outlines the N7+1 approach to using Nvivo11™ for literature reviews. Through this approach researchers can develop an “auditable footprint,” keep everything in one place, and go paperless. ;
Size-related changes in cranial morphology affect diet in the catfish Clariallabes longicauda

Within the catfish family Clariidae, species exist with different degrees of jaw adductor hypertrophy. This jaw adductor hypertrophy has been related to bite performance, in turn suggesting a link to dietary specialization. Thus, an increase in the degree of hypertrophy will likely be reflected in an increase in the amount of hard prey in the diet. In the present study, we examine the ontogenetic scaling of cranial structure and diet in a species of catfish with a moderate degree of jaw adductor hypertrophy, Clariallabes longicauda. Additionally, we investigate whether the observed changes in the morphology of the feeding system during growth are linked to changes in diet. The fish examined demonstrate a strong positively allometric growth of the jaw adductors, of head height and of maximal head width, suggesting that larger fish can feed on larger and harder prey. Dietary data confirm these hypotheses and reveal an increase in maximal prey size consumed, the proportion of large prey in the diet, and average prey hardness during ontogeny. Moreover, the observed changes in the proportion of large prey consumed and prey hardness are correlated with an increase in lower jaw width and maximal head width, respectively. An increase in the amount of evasive prey in the diet with fish size is correlated with an increase in hyoid length. In summary, not only size dependent, but also size-independent variation of the feeding system was associated with ontogenetic changes in diet in C. longicauda. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 92, 323‐334.
Psychiatric epidemiology and disaster exposure in Australia

Aims. To examine the lifetime prevalence and risk of psychiatric disorders associated with natural and man-made disaster exposure in Australia. Methods. We utilised data from a nationally representative population survey (N = 8841) which were analysed through univariate and multivariate logistic regression in order to examine the full spectrum of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) affective, anxiety and substance use disorders associated with exposure to natural and man-made
Conservation of the Irish Populations of the Pollan Coregonus autumnalis

Abstract:The Irish lake populations of pollan Coregonus autumnalis Pallas are detached from other Arctic populations and exist at the southern extreme of the range of the species. They are landlocked relics of postglacial colonisation by anadromous forms. In Ireland, pollan exist in atypical habitats and temperature ranges for the species as a whole and are threatened with extinction by a range of potentially detrimental factors, including eutrophication and competition with introduced non-indigenous species. All but one of the four populations is critically endangered. This paper summarises current knowledge of pollan, the status of the four populations and actions proposed to protect and enhance the remaining stocks.
Rich Character-Level Information for Korean Morphological Analysis and Part-of-Speech Tagging

Due to the fact that Korean is a highly agglutinative, character-rich language, previous work on Korean morphological analysis typically employs the use of sub-character features known as graphemes or otherwise utilizes comprehensive prior linguistic knowledge (i.e., a dictionary of known morphological transformation forms, or actions). These models have been created with the assumption that character-level, dictionary-less morphological analysis was intractable due to the number of actions required. We present, in this study, a multi-stage action-based model that can perform morphological transformation and part-of-speech tagging using arbitrary units of input and apply it to the case of character-level Korean morphological analysis. Among models that do not employ prior linguistic knowledge, we achieve state-of-the-art word and sentence-level tagging accuracy with the Sejong Korean corpus using our proposed data-driven Bi-LSTM model.
How charismatic leadership affects direct follower behavior and perceived meeting effectiveness.

By viewing leadership as a co-constructive process between a leader and his/her followers, this study assesses the effects of charismatic leadership on follower behaviors displayed during meetings in a real work setting. A specific focus lied on visioning-, humorous-, and self-defending behaviors. Consequently, the effects of these behaviors on perceived meeting effectiveness were analyzed. These behaviors appeared to have no effect on perceived meeting effectiveness. However, leaders that were perceived as being charismatic did show more visioning- and humorous behaviors, and less self-defending behaviors, than their lower scoring counterparts. These results have several practical implications, which are mentioned in this paper before presenting several future research directions
Predictors and outcomes of different patterns of organizational and union loyalty

This research identified four different patterns of loyalty to the organization and union in two Canadian unions (N = 426): (1) loyalty to both company and union (dual allegiance/loyalty); (2) loyalty to neither the union nor the company (dual non-allegiance); (3) loyalty to the union, but not the company (unilateral union loyalty); and (4) loyalty to the company, but not the union (unilateral company allegiance). The predictors and consequences of these different patterns of company and union loyalty were assessed in a longitudinal design across three six-month periods using a discriminant analysis and multivariate analysis of covariance, respectively. The results of the discriminant analysis confirmed the existence of unique predictors of organizational and union commitment. Only one common predictor of union and company commitment was found, namely union involvement. Similarly, the multivariate analyses of covariance suggested unique consequences for union and organizational allegiance. The implications of the findings for both unions and organizations are discussed. In particular, the possibility that involvement in either the union or the organization does not necessarily exert negative consequences for the other is emphasized.
Efficacy of Core-Stabilization Exercise and Its Comparison with Home-Based Conventional Exercise in Low Back Pain Patients Bel Ağrili Hastalarda Core Stabilizasyon Egzersizi Etkinliği ve Konvansiyonel Ev Egzersiz Programi ile Karşilaştirilmasi

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of core-stabilization exercise (SE) and to compare it with home-based conventional exercise (HE) in patients with chronic low-back pain (LBP). Material and Methods: The study was performed with 48 female chronic LBP patients who attended to our outpatient unit. The patients were randomized into SE (n=24) and home-based HE (n=24) groups. The patients in the SE group participated in sessions of supervised group exercise for 6 weeks, 3 times a week and 60 minutes a day. The patients in the HE group were told to do daily conventional exercises for 6 weeks, and they were checked by telephone calls. The patients were assessed before and after the program at the third month with the visual analogue scale (VAS), Rolland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RM), SF-36, Kraus-Weber test (KW), Sorensen test (ST), and timed sit to stand test (TSS). Results: Following the exercise program, there was improvement in all of the variables in the SE group. In the HE group, there was also improvement in all of the variables, except ST and SF-36 pain and social function. When the groups were compared with each other, the SE group was superior to the HE group in the improvement of ST and SF-36 physical function. Conclusion: Though both of the exercise programs were both found to be effective concerning the areas of pain, endurance, function, and daily living in patients with chronic LBP, the SE group was superior to the HE group in the endurance of dorsal extensors and in the improvement of
Foundations for Prospect Theory Through Probability Midpoint Consistency

For the famous prospect theory model there is hitherto no preference foundation for general sets of outcomes. All existing models assume a rich structure for the set of outcomes and propose preference conditions that hinge upon that structure. Yet in many important applications where prospect theory is assumed, like health or insurance, the set of outcomes is degenerate. Beyond the standard assumptions, it is unclear what preference conditions are required to determine prospect theory in these more general settings. This paper proposes a consistency principle for elicited probability midpoints that requires a consistent treatment of probabilities of gains and similarly a consistent treatment of probabilities of losses. We show that in the presence of the other standard preference conditions this consistency principle implies prospect theory.
Walk it off: predictive power of appendicular characters toward inference of higher‐level relationships in Laniatores (Arachnida: Opiliones)

Morphological characters are essential for establishing phylogenetic relationships, delimiting higher‐level taxa, and testing phylogenetic relationships inferred from molecular sequence data. In cases where relationships between large clades remain unresolved, it becomes imperative to establish which character systems are sound predictors of phylogenetic signal. In the case of Laniatores, the largest suborder of Opiliones, some superfamilial relationships remain unresolved or unsupported, and traditionally employed phenotypic characters are typically of utility only at the family level. Here we investigated a promising set of morphological characters that can be discretized and scored in all Opiliones: cuticular structures of the distal podomeres (metatarsi and tarsi). We intensively sampled members of all known families of Laniatores, and define here three new, discrete appendicular characters toward refinement of Laniatores superfamilial systematics: metatarsal paired slits (MPS; occurring in all Laniatores except Sandokanidae), proximal tarsomeric gland (PTG; in Icaleptidae, Fissiphalliidae, and Zalmoxidae), and tarsal aggregate pores (TAP; found in Gonyleptoidea, Epedanoidea, and Pyramidopidae). We conducted statistical tests on each character to characterize the strength of phylogenetic signal and assess character independence, based on alternative tree topologies of Laniatores. All three characters had high retention indices and bore significantly strong phylogenetic signal. Excepting one pairwise comparison, morphological characters did not evolve in a correlated manner, indicating that appendicular morphology does not constitute a single character system. Our results demonstrate the predictive power and utility of appendicular characters in Opiliones phylogeny, and proffer a promising source of diagnostic synapomorphies for delimiting superfamilies.
Susceptibility Vessel Sign for the Detection of Hyperacute MCA Occlusion: Evaluation with Susceptibility-weighted MR Imaging

MCA occlusion. Materials and Methods: Sixty-nine patients (37 males, 32 females; 46-89 years old [mean, 69.1]) with acute stroke involving the MCA territory underwent MR imaging within 6 hours after the symptom onset. MR examination included T2, FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery), DWI, SWI, PWI (perfusion-weighted imaging), contrast-enhanced MR angiography (MRA) and contrast-enhanced T1. Of these patients, 28 patients also underwent digital subtraction angiography (DSA) within 2 hours after MR examination. Presence or absence of SVS on SWI was assessed without knowledge of clinical, DSA and other MR imaging findings. Results: On MRA or DSA, 34 patients (49.3%) showed MCA occlusion. Of these patients, SVS was detected in 30 (88.2%) on SWI. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of SWI were 88.2%, 97.1%, 96.8%, 89.5% and 92.8%, respectively. Conclusion: SWI was sensitive, specific and accurate for the detection of hyperacute MCA occlusion.
Record Linkage to Match Customer Names: A Probabilistic Approach

Consider the following problem: given a database of records indexed by names (e.g., name of companies, restaurants, businesses, or universities) and a new name, determine whether the new name is in the database, and if so, which record it refers to. This problem is an instance of record linkage problem and is a challenging problem because people do not consistently use the official name, but use abbreviations, synonyms, different order of terms, different spelling of terms, short form of terms, and the name can contain typos or spacing issues. We provide a probabilistic model using relational logistic regression to find the probability of each record in the database being the desired record for a given query and find the best record(s) with respect to the probabilities. Building on term-matching and translational approaches for search, our model addresses many of the aforementioned challenges and provides good results when existing baselines fail. Using the probabilities outputted by the model, we can automate the search process for a portion of queries whose desired documents get a probability higher than a trust threshold. We evaluate our model on a large real-world dataset from a telecommunications company and compare it to several state-of-the-art baselines. The obtained results show that our model is a promising probabilistic model for record linkage for names. We also test if the knowledge learned by our model on one domain can be effectively transferred to a new domain. For this purpose, we test our model on an unseen test set from the business names of the secondString dataset. Promising results show that our model can be effectively applied to unseen datasets. Finally, we study the sensitivity of our model to the statistics of datasets.
- 00104 Title : Common Phase Estimation in Coherent Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing System Using Image Processing Technique

In a coherent OFDM system, the possible rotation of the rectangular signal constellation, due to common phase error, is shown to be effectively compensated by applying a skew compensation technique adopted in image processing area. We further propose an improved technique to further reduce the complexity of the algorithm and investigate the effect of the number of required test phases, via numerical simulations. The proposed improved algorithm is also compared with the conventional blind phase searching algorithm. It is shown that by employing only two bits of overhead, it can achieve a comparable performance to that of the traditional pilot aided method. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of Symposium 2015 ICMAT.
Development of an arctic barnacle goose colony : Interactions between density and predation

The development of a barnacle goose Branta leucopsis colony established in 1980 was studied from 1989 to 1997 using sightings of marked individuals. The number of adult geese was calculated using a Petersen estimate. Alternatively, the number of adult geese was based on estimates of gosling production and local return late based on Jolly-Seber models. Both methods showed similar results and were close to censuses in 1996 and 1997. The local population increased rapidly up to 1993. Thereafter the growth rate levelled off, due to a decrease in both local return rate and gosling production. The local return rate was lower for goslings than for adults and females were more philopatric than males. The production of goslings was related to the presence of arctic foxes Alopex lagopus in the area. in the period 1992-95, predation by arctic foxes lowered the number of fledged goslings and moreover resulted in local crowding which had a negative effect on the growth rate of goslings and adult body condition. This density dependence was related to the presence of arctic foxes. Comparing years without foxes, before 1992 and after 1995, the population showed a three-fold increase but there was no difference in gosling production or gosling growth.
Predicting employee aggression against coworkers, subordinates and supervisors: the roles of person behaviors and perceived workplace factors

Predictors of employee aggression against coworkers, subordinates, and supervisors were studied in a sample of 136 men employed full-time. Person behaviors (history of aggression, amount of alcohol consumed) predicted aggression against a coworker. In contrast, aggression against a supervisor was predicted by two perceived workplace factors (procedural justice, workplace surveillance). However, neither person behaviors nor perceived workplace factors predicted aggression against a subordinate. In addition, person behaviors and perceived workplace factors interacted to predict aggression. First, procedural justice interacted with amount of alcohol consumed in predicting both aggression against a coworker and aggression against a subordinate. Secondly, both job security and procedural justice interacted with history of aggression in predicting aggression against a subordinate. Finally, job security and amount of alcohol consumed interacted to predict aggression against a subordinate. Results suggest that both the understanding and prediction of employee aggression will be enhanced by taking into account the target of employee aggression, and by including both perceived workplace factors and person behaviors as predictor variables. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Novel Step-Invariant Representation for Trajectory Learning

Trajectory data are usually recorded as a sequence of sampled data points. For most trajectory data collected from human carried GPS devices (e.g, Geolife dataset [32]), the data are collected in a constant sampling rate. Since people travel using different transportation modes, the variance of velocities is large, which causes the sample points of the trajectory to be very sparse in some parts but highly dense in some others. This phenomenon seriously challenges the existing trajectory distance measurements in the following two aspects. First, for sparse parts of the trajectories, although several trajectory distance measures have been developed, it is extremely challenging for the existing trajectory measures to work well when the data points are sparse (e.g, GPS data collected on highway) due to the absences of matched points pairs between two trajectories. Second, for highly dense parts of the trajectories, it is not scalable to large dataset even using the simplest Euclidean distance measure to compute trajectory distances. In order to address the above challenges simultaneously, we propose a Step-Invariant Trajectory (SIT) representation with linear time translation from raw data to uniformly distributed trajectory points by dynamically changing the sampling rates. Based on SIT representation, we also propose two effective and scalable distance measures for SIT. We evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of our representation along with its distance measures by performing multiple trajectory classification and clustering experiments. These results show that our distance measures on SIT representation is much more accurate and robust than other distance measures and representations on sparse trajectory datasets. Our approach can also achieve competitive accuracy with the state of the art model-based trajectory representations on dense datasets, but the time spends on translating to our representation are 115 times faster, on average, than translating to other model-based representations.
Distribution of the foliar fungal endophyte Phialocephala scopiformis and its toxin in the crown of a mature white spruce tree as revealed by chemical and qPCR analyses

Phialocephala scopiformis Kowalski & Kehr is a foliar fungal endophyte of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) that produces the anti-insect compound rugulosin and other compounds in lower amounts. Seedlings inoculated with this and other toxigenic endophytes have increased tolerance to the spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens, 1865). The presence of rugulosin in the diet and in needles infected by P. scopiformis reduces the growth rate of the insect. One of 300 white spruce trees inoculated as a seedling in 2001 was chosen to investigate the distribution of P. scopiformis and its principal toxin rugulosin throughout the crown. To facilitate the detection of the fungus in small samples, a qPCR assay was developed based on the ITS region of fungal ribosomal DNA targeting a genetic polymorphism unique to P. scopiformis. The assay was specific, with a method limit of detection 100 ng mycelium per gram needle sample with high reproducibility and accuracy. We found that 11 years after inoculat.
Countdown Numbers Game: Solved, Analysed, Extended

The Countdown Numbers Game is a popular arithmetical puzzle which has been played as a two-player game on French and British television weekly for decades. We have solved this game in the sense that the optimal solution for the nearly 12 million puzzle instances has been generated and recorded. We describe here how we have achieved this using the HR3 Automated Theory Formation system. This has allowed us to analyse the space of puzzles; suggest gamesmanship tactics and game design improvements to the online/handheld versions of the game; and begin to investigate the potential for automatic invention of such games.
University of Southern Denmark Religiousness and Diseases in Europe Findings from SHARE

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