Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulations of Impinging Jet with a Range of Configuration

SIMULATIONS OF IMPINGING JET WITH A RANGE OF CONFIGURATION DEVANSH SINGH 2017 Impinging jet technique is widely increasing across the globe due to its ability to produce high heat and mass transfer as compared to other traditional methods. Three cases of impinging jets related to cooling technologies for a gas turbine were investigated. The first case involves a single jet impinging on a flat plate. The second case has an array of jets impinging on a curved surface. The third case deals with simulating impinging jet in crossflow. The first case was used for validation and shows the effect of mesh and inlet boundary conditions. After careful observation, it was seen that at least 15 or more prism layers should be used for these types of simulation. Also, SST turbulence model gives the best output for all the cases discussed below. For the fenot [11] case, jet-to-jet spacing (P/d) of 4 was observed to give best heat transfer. Turbulence modeling and jet versus crossflow ratio was compared, and passive scalar mixing was performed and was observed that as the crossflow increases, the heat transfer gets worse.
Ruminal protein and fibre degradability of lucerne hay as affected by regrowth period and dairy breed

The chemical composition of roughages constantly changes while it grows towards maturity. The effective dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) degradabilities of lucerne hay (LH), harvested after regrowth periods of 4, 5 or 6 weeks, were determined in ruminally cannulated Holstein and Jersey cows by using the in sacco nylon bag technique. The degradabilities of DM and NDF across breeds differed between the LH harvested after the regrowth periods of 4, 5 and 6 weeks. Increasing the regrowth period of LH from 4 to 6 weeks significantly reduced effective DM degradability (k p = 0.08) from 59.0% to 51.2% and NDF degradability from 30.8% to 21.2%. Crude protein degradability tended to decrease with advancing maturity, with values of 77%, 73% and 74% after 4, 5 and 6 weeks’ regrowth, respectively. Effective degradability of DM, CP and NDF did not differ between Holstein and Jersey cows. The results from this study suggest that LH harvested after a shorter regrowth period is of a higher quality in terms of DM, CP and NDF degradability which decreases as the plants mature. Keywords: Nutrition, forage, Holstein and Jersey cows, alfalfa
Effect of Weight Loss on Markers of Inflammation and Endothelial Function in Childhood Obesity

Background: Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and hyperinsulinism that may influence the progression of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis already in childhood. Methods: To study changes in metabolic profile and markers of inflammation and endothelial activation in children with primary severe obesity after weight loss we involved 14 obese children (Ob) that underwent a lifestyle intervention and 18 normal weighted subjects (C). In Ob, anthropometric data were assessed both at baseline and after intervention together with oral glucose tolerance test and fasting evaluation of cholesterol assessment, interleukin-6, endogenous secretory receptor of advanced glycation end products and endothelin levels. Results: At baseline, serum IL-6 concentrations resulted significantly higher in Ob respect to C (12.96 ± 8.87 vs. 4.88 ± 1.19 pg/ml, p< 0.05). After weight loss, Ob significantly improved glucose metabolism and lipid assessment and they showed a significant reduction of all markers of inflammation and endothelial activation. In all subjects studied, BMI-SDS correlated positively with interleukin-6 (r 0.45, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated higher concentrations of inflammatory markers in obese children compared to healthy subjects. Nevertheless, an early lifestyle intervention could improve the levels of these molecules together with cholesterol and glucose metabolism and may reverse the development of premature endothelial dysfunction in obese children.
Spatial Correlation Analytical Method of OD Flow in Freight Transport: a Case Study of China

Keyword: Origin-destination flow; Freight Transport; Spatial correlation; Spatial interaction Abstract: Commodity and information interaction between regions are becoming more and more intense. The data of origin-destination flow (OD flow) is the observation of the interaction between paired regions. Each observed value of OD flow is related to an original point and a destination point in space, which brings enormous challenge in the establishment of mathematical model. In spatial interaction models, it is usually supposed that there is a certain relation (often the linear) between regional interaction and special distance, which may result in the inconsistence between data characteristics and model hypotheses. Based on the general form of traditional spatial autocorrelation indicators, a novel indicator system consisting of global and local indicators of spatial correlation for the origin-destination flow (OD flow) is proposed in this paper, and further the corresponding Z tests for the significance judgment are also derived under the null hypotheses of spatial uniformity and normal distribution. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methodology are demonstrated by case studies of the railway freight exchange flows in Chinese mainland 2004. Through the proposed method, nodes in the freight transport network are classified to four types: global point, local point, generation point and attraction point.
Exploring School Engagement of Middle-Class African American Adolescents

Because of the scarcity of knowledge about middle-class African American adolescents, the present study explored psychological and parental factors in relation to academic performance. The participants were 336 middle-class African American students and their biological mothers. The findings suggest that for African American middle-class adolescents, educational expectations and school engagement have the strongest relation to academic performance. Self-esteem was not related to academic performance. The results also indicate that positive parent-adolescent relationships, not parents’educational values, were related to better academic performance. Implications for school counselors are discussed.
Backcasting - What is a sustainable future and how do we reach it?

This chapter is about ways of defining sustainability in an actionable way, in order to innovate and change the way products and services are being developed. The starting point is the four system conditions for sustainability developed by Holmberg (1995) and the Natural Step (a non-governmental organization). The second part of the chapter proceeds to introduce one particular proven way to introduce sustainable strategies in organizations, the ‘backcasting approach’ (Holmberg 1998; Holmberg & Robert 2000). The chapter ends by suggesting a combined backcasting/scenario planning approach (Alange et al. 2007).
Efficiency Measurement in Turkish Coal Enterprises Using Data Envelopment Analysis and Data Mining

Gradual population growths, skyrocketing technological developments and inter-State competitions increase the energy demands continuously. Although the countries try to diverse their energy sources in order to sustain their developments, they also have to pay attention to protect their energy independences. Thus, it is very important to develop their self-resources. Coal is the most common natural source which can meet our energy needs. However, coal mine enterprises have to be administrated cost-effectively in order get minimum energy costs. In this study, the efficiency of Turkish coal enterprises between the years 2003-2010 is measured by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Then, indicators which are the most important in estimating the efficiency were determined by using the efficiency scores obtained by DEA in the Data Mining technique.
Comparison of rigid and deformable image registration accuracy of the liver during long-term transition after proton beam therapy

Objective: To identify the previously irradiated region is important in re-irradiation. We investigated the long-term transition of geometrical accuracy of a commercially available rigid and deformable image registration (RIR, DIR) software product, MIM Maestro, in livers of patients who underwent proton beam therapy (PBT). Methods: Image registration of pre-treatment and post-treatment CT was performed in 15 liver tumor patients who received PBT and follow up post-treatment CT examination was performed over time (2-7 times each, a total of 54 times). We performed RIR and DIR of pre-treatment CT and compared the post-treatment CT by calculating the similarity of whole liver (Dice similarity coefficient: DSC) and dislocation of metallic markers implanted close to the tumor (fiducial registration error). Results: In the plain CT, the DSC was bigger with RIR in 1 case and DIR in 53 cases (0.83 ± 0.07 vs. 0.92 ± 0.04), then consistently bigger with DIR in 14 patients. The fiducial registration error was smaller with RIR in 10 cases, DIR in 43 cases, and equal error in 1 case (11.8 ± 6.9 vs. 7.6 ± 9.7 mm), then consistently smaller with DIR in 10 patients. In the contrast-enhanced CT, the DSC was consistently bigger with DIR in all 15 patients, 54 cases in all (0.84 ± 0.06 vs. 0.92 ± 0.03). The fiducial registration error was smaller with RIR in 7 cases and DIR in 47 cases (11.0 ± 6.3 vs. 6.3 ± 7.3 mm), then consistently smaller with DIR in 12 patients. Conclusion: The DIR performance of MIM is therefore superior to that of RIR and its advantage is independent the term after PBT.
Herbivory damage in native Alnus nepalensis and invasive Ageratina adenophora

There are numbers of invasive and naturalized alien species in Nepal but studies related to herbivory effects on such species are scarce. An issue of debate is whether invasive alien species get benefited by less herbivory damage in their introduced range. In this study, we investigated the level of herbivory damage in Alnus nepalensis in an area invaded by Ageratina adenophora in Nepal. The damage was compared between invasive A. adenophora and native Alnus nepalensis. Results showed that A. adenophora experienced lower level of leaf damage by herbivores than that of A. nepalensis. This indicated that the invasive A. adenophora might have benefited from reduced herbivory damage behind its successful invasion in Nepalese forest. Further studies are needed to confirm whether controlling of herbivores to lessen the damage in native Alnus nepalensis could enhance its competitive ability against Ageratina adenophora in native vegetation of Nepal.Botanica Orientalis – Journal of Plant Science (2017) 11: 7–11
The Seepage Model Considering Liquid/Solid Interaction in Confined Nanoscale Pores

Different from conventional reservoirs, nanoscale pores and fractures are dominant in tight or shale reservoirs. The flow behaviors of hydrocarbons in nanopores (called “confined space”) are more complex than that of bulk spaces. The interaction between liquid hydrocarbons and solid pore wall cannot be neglected. The viscosity formula which is varied with the pore diameter and interaction coefficient of liquids and solids in confined nanopores has been introduced in this paper to describe the interaction effects of hydrocarbons and pore walls. Based on the Navier-Stokes equation, the governing equation considered liquid/solid effect in two dimensions has been established, and approximate theoretical solutions to the governing equations have been achieved after mathematic simplification. By introducing the vortex equation, the complex numerical seepage model has been discretized and solved. Numerical results show that the radial velocity distribution near the solid wall has an obvious change when considering the liquid/solid interaction. The results consist well with that approximate mathematical solution. And when the capillary radius is smaller, the liquid and solid interaction coefficient n is greater. The liquid and solid interaction obviously cannot be neglected in the seepage model if the capillary radius is small than 50 nm when n>0.1. The numerical model has also been further validated by two types of nanopore flow tests: from pore to throat and inversely from throat to pore. There is no big difference in flow regularity of throat to pore model considering when liquid/solid interaction or not, whereas the liquid/solid interaction of pore to throat model totally cannot be overlooked.
GOAL GEOMETRIC PROGRAMMING PROBLEM (G2 P2) WITH CRISP AND IMPRECISE TARGETS

There are very common and widely used forms of solving linear and non-linear Goal Programming Problem. They are Archimedean, Lexicographic and MINMAX etc. This paper proposes a Geometric Programming method to solve a non-linear Goal Programming Problem. In particular, it demonstrates a new approach goal geometric programming in both crisp and imprecise environment. There is a numerical example and also an application of this method in two-bar truss problem. Comparison with Kuhn-Tucker conditions and crisp goal geometric programming method in the numerical example, it shows the efficiency of this method. In this paper, we have described fuzzy goal geometric programming and also implemented it on the same numerical example like crisp goal geometric programming and two bar truss problem.
STARTER CULTURES FOR PRODUCTION OF YOGHURT FROM SHEEP'S MILK WITH EXTENDED SHELF LIFE

ZVANCHAROVA, T. , K. BALTOVA and Z. URSHEV, 2013. Starter cultures for production of yoghurt from sheep’s milk with extended shelf life. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., Supplement 2, 19: 94–96 Originally, Bulgarian yoghurt was prepared from sheep’s milk, but the homemade product had only a few days of shelf life. Today under industrial conditions, yoghurt with shelf life of 20 days is routinely produced. Nevertheless, producers and exporters are still interested in sheep’s milk yoghurt with even longer storage period. In this study, we produced yoghurt with three selected starters and followed up its quality during three months of storage at 5°C. All three starters had low post acidifi cation in the products. The freshly produced yoghurt samples had a pH of 4.17–4.39 which decreased gradually, but after 90 days it was still in the range 4.12–4.30 which was within the acceptable range. Viable cells of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus remained above the critical threshold of 10 8 and 10 6 cfu.ml –1 respectively for the whole period of 90 days. With the selected starters, the accumulation of products of proteolysis remained low with a slight increase only during the fi rst month of storage. The limited proteolysis and low post acidifi cation by the starters was achieved by the selection of weakly proteolytic strains of L. bulgaricus and/or a fermentation process with fi nal viable cells of L. bulgaricus not exceeding 10 7 cfu.ml –1 . Organoleptic tests did not reveal any adverse change of product taste and aroma of yoghurt samples at day 90. In conclusion, production of sheep’s milk yoghurt with selected starters can give a product that will preserve its nutritional and biological value for as long as three months.
An Attempt to Apply the Servqual Method to Evaluate the Quality of an E-course

The challenge faced by e-learning is to ensure its quality. In addition to traditional methods of quality assurance, there is an increasing tendency to use tools and techniques from other disciplines. The paper presents the possibility of application of the SERVQUAL method in assessing the quality of an e-course. The method and the main stages of the examination have been characterized. A survey was used to assess the expected and the perceived quality of an e-course. Exemplary results have been presented. The Servqual method allows to identify the discrepancies that may arise between the expectations of the student and his perception of the e-course. The methodology can allow to make improvements to the e-course.
Band gap calculation of few Arm-Graphene Nano Ribbons

Grapheneis a two dimensional material of great interest because of its extraordinary electrical and electronic properties. The main issue with the graphene’s band structure is its touching bands, means zero band gap. The graphenenanoribbons can be the new form of the material with some band gap. The report contains the theory of graphene showing some basic electronic properties. The band gap of Armchair & Zigzag nanoribbons having few arms, is calculated here with the help of Mathematica, a simulating tool.
Regulating employees' health behaviors: The effects of personal health-related orientations on legitimacy perceptions of organizational programs and policies

The current study investigated individuals' responses and evaluations of worksite health programs and policies. Upper level undergraduates rated the legitimacy of policies and programs exerting low, moderate, or high levels of control over employees’ health behaviors. The findings showed that individuals’ nutrition orientations accelerated the decrease in legitimacy ratings that accompanied increased control over employee fitness and health risk appraisal. On the other hand, individuals’ antismoking orientations slowed the decrease in legitimacy ratings that accompanied increased control over employee smoking behavior. Implications of the findings for job counselors and human resource personnel are discussed.
A New Approach for Target Detection Performance Enhancement Under Clutter Effect

This paper discusses a new approach for target detection performance improvement in monostatic pulsed radar in presence of clutter based on Time Varying Gain Amplifier (TVGA). This new approach is used to compensate for power loss due to range in the received echo, which increases the input dynamic range and the sensitivity of the radar receiver. A constant threshold is selected for detection across the entire detectable range. The new approach is achieved by time controlling the received power, which enhances the detection performance in the presence of ground clutter and jamming effect, the simulation of a complete monostatic pulsed radar is considered with the environmental effect. The results shows thatafter applying the TVGA the signal can be detected effectively with a fixed threshold and gives more sensitivity and a wide dynamic range. Keywords-radar detection; time varying gain; automatic gain control; radar modelling; clutter
Removal of Gaussian noise on the image edges using the Prewitt operator and threshold function technical

Image edge detection algorithm is applied on images to remove Gaussian noise that is present in the image during capturing or transmission using a method which combines Prewitt operator and threshold function technique to do edge detection on the image. This method is better than a method which combines Prewitt operator and mean filtering. In this paper, firstly use mean filtering to remove initially Gaussian noise, then use Prewitt operator to do edge detection on the image, and finally applied a threshold function technique with Prewitt operator.
Towards enhancing the compilation of Al-Hadith text in Malay

The statement and conducts of Prophet Muhammad (SAW), was memorized, written down and later passed by his companions from one generation to another. Later, as the authenticity of the text became threatened, Islamic scholars from Muslim nations collected thousands of these narratives and distinguished the true wisdom from fabricated ones. However, statements are still attributed to the Prophet by individuals with no knowledge of al-Hadith. Currently, with the existence of the internet and the popularity of social media, the threat to the access and existence of fake al-Hadith is more likely than ever. Our first step to handling this challenge is to develop a tool that will enhance the process of compiling authentic al-Hadith from various sources. Due to the sensitive nature of al-Hadith text the tool must be reliable. To achieve this reliability a well-structured relational database with a user interface was designed and developed to store al-Hadith text in Malay Language. These development will enhance the compilation process, by ensuring data is stored appropriately. Subsequently, the tool will serve as a reference guide to the general public, who wish to verify the authenticity of al-Hadith in Malay text. Furthermore, it provides computer scientist with an opportunity to extract, analyze and perform inference on the data.
Single nucleotide polymorphism of SLC11A 1, CARD 15, IFNG and TLR 2 genes and their association with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in native Indian cattle population

Tarun Sadana, Ran Vir Singh, Shoor Vir Singh*, Vishesh Kumar Saxena, Deepak Sharma, Pravin Kumar Singh, Naveen Kumar, Saurabh Gupta, Kundan Kumar Chaubey, Sujata Jayaraman, Ruchi Tiwari, Kuldeep Dhama, Ashok Kumar Bhatia and Jagdip Singh Sohal* Division of Animal Genetics and Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 234 122, India Microbiology Laboratory, Animal Health Division, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Mathura 281 122, India Department of Microbiology, King George Medical University, Lucknow 226 003, India Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Rajasthan, Kant Kalwar, Jaipur 303 002, India Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwa Vidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) Mathura 281001, India Department of Microbiology and Immunology, GLA University, Chaumuhan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
The habitat , food and feeding ecology of kakapo in Fiordland : a synopsis from the unpublished MSc thesis of

Received 7 November 2005; accepted 28 December 2006 • Editor M.Williams Abstract Gray studied the last natural mainland population of kakapo in Fiordland in the 1970s. Between 1974 and 1977 all 15 male birds located occupied home ranges high on the sides of valleys in areas of diverse vegetation associated with the tree line or avalanche and alluvial fans. Track-and-bowl systems were frequently positioned on the crests of ridges and knolls on well-drained sunny slopes. Studies of feeding sign and of faecal content using cuticle analysis provided detail of kakapo diet, confirming the bird to be an herbivore. About 80 species of plants were eaten in Fiordland. The kakapo bill is adapted to crushing and extracting nutrients and retaining fibre which is expelled as distinctive ‘chews’. A preliminary study of the nutrients in kakapo food suggested that the birds selected the most nutritious plant parts and species.
Effects of Home-based Virtual Reality on Upper Extremity Motor Function for Stroke - An Experimenter Blind Case Study

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the home-based virtual reality (VR) on upper extremity motor function in hemiparetic stroke patients. Two matched subjects with left hemiplegia were volunteered to participate in this study. One subject received the home-based VR whereas the other subject recovered a modified home-based constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT). Both interventions were given for 4 hours x 5 times a week for 4 weeks. Outcome measures included Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Motor Activity Log (MAL), and Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT). The VR-trained subject showed considerable improvement in all the tested motor functions when compared with the home-based CIMT. Specifically, the FMA measure demonstrated that the VR subject showed 17% enhancement whereas the CIMT subject showed 5% increase. Similarly, Amount of Use (AOU) and Quality of Movement (QOM) of the MAL scores of the VR subject showed 40% and 20% increase whereas the CIMT subject showed 0% and 20% increase, respectively. The WMFT scores of the VR subject and CIMT subject showed 20% increase. Our home-based VR was effective in upper extremity motor recovery of chronic hemiparetic patients even when compared with the well-established CIMT approach in stroke victims. 요 약