Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Derivation of neutrino uxes in Gamma-ray bursts using the multi-shell internal shock model

In this thesis, I study five different benchmark Gamma-ray bursts and predict the resulting neutrino fluxes for each. I use the multi-shell internal shock model, following a paper published by Bustamante et al. (2016) [17]. The secondary particle distributions are calculated with a semi-analytical model instead of using a Monte-Carlo simulation software, following a procedure outline by Hümmer et al. (2010) [8]. The final all sky flux predictions are compared to IceCube’s recently published upper limit [4]. Three out of five Gamma-ray bursts predict neutrino fluxes so high, that they can be discarded by the IceCube upper limit at a 90 % CL. By varying the energy fractions given to protons, electrons, and magnetic field, I find that the fluxes can be decreased below the upper bound. Sammanfattning I denna avhandling studerar jag fem olika modell-gammablixtar (eng. Gamma-ray bursts) och förutsäger det resulterande neutrinoflödet. Jag använder multi-skal interna stöt modellen, följandes en artikel publicerad av Bustamante et al. (2016) [17]. De resulterande partikeldistributionerna är framtagna med hjälp av en semi-analytisk modell istället för via en Monte-Carlo simulation, via en procedur beskriven av Hümmer et al. (2010) [8]. De slutgiltiga förutsägelserna av de himlatäckande flödena jämförs med IceCubes nya övre gränsvärde [4]. Tre av fem gammablixtar förutsäger neutrinoflöden som är s̊a höga, att de kan förkastas med hjälp av IceCubes övre gräns med 90 % konfidensintervall. Genom att variera br̊akdelen energi given till protoner, elektroner och magnetiskt fält, fann jag att flödena kunde minskas under gränsvärdet.
Phylogenetic diversity analysis of Trichoderma species based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) marker

The phylogeny of Trichoderma and the phylogenetic relationships of its species was investigated by maximum parsimony analysis and distance analysis of DNA sequences from multiple genetic loci 18S rDNA sequence analysis suggests that the genus Trichoderma evolved at the same time as Hypomyces and Fusarium and thus about 110 Myr ago 28S rDNA sequence analysis shows that the genus Trichoderma is part of a monophyletic branch within the Hypocreaceae. Most isolates of the genus Trichoderma were found to act as mycoparasites of many economically important aerial and soil-borne plant pathogens. Trichoderma has attained importance as a substitute for chemical pesticides and hence an attempt was intended to corroborate the positive relatedness of molecular and morphological characters. Two fungal strains, Trichoderma koningii Tk-5201/CSAU and Trichoderma virens Tvi4177/CSAU were isolated from a soil sample collected from CSA Farm, Kanpur district of Uttar Pradesh, India. The universal primers (internal transcribed spacer, ITS) were used for the amplification of 18S rRNA gene fragment and strains were thus characterized with the help of ITS marker. It is proposed that the identified strains T. koningii Tk-5201/CSAU and T. virens Tvi-4177/CSAU be assigned as the type strains of a species of genus Trichoderma based on phylogenetic tree analysis together with the 18S rRNA gene sequence search in Ribosomal Database Project, small subunit rRNA and large subunit rRNA databases. The sequence was deposited in GenBank with the accession numbers KC800923 and KC800924, respectively. Thus an integrated approach of morphological and molecular markers can be employed to identify a superior strain of Trichoderma for its commercial exploitation.
Effect of removal of stream‐bank vegetation upon water yield

This is a preliminary report of results of a study wherein vegetation has been cut along the stream bank of a 22-acre watershed on the Coweeta Experimental Forest. Previous measurements on this forest have shown that complete removal of vegetation results in notable gains in water yield because of a reduction in transpiration. The cutting of riparian growth has also resulted in an increase in yield of sufficient magnitude to be significant in water-resource management. Preliminary examination of the data immediately following cutting shows a virtual elimination of the diurnal fluctuation during the growing season. This indicates that the vegetation immediately adjacent to the stream is making appreciable demands upon groundwater supplies contributing directly to streamflow. It can be concluded, therefore, that important gains in water yield during the growing season in the southern Appalachian region may be realized with relatively little effort by eliminating the transpiration draft of riparian vegetation. This procedure can be of much practical value during drought years for municipal and industrial watersheds, when even small increases in yield are of unusual importance.
Deep Learning for Design in Concept Clustering

Concept clustering is an important element of the product development process. The process of reviewing multiple concepts provides a means of communicating concepts developed by individual team members and by the team as a whole. Clustering, however, can also require arduous iterations and the resulting clusters may not always be useful to the team. In this paper, we present a machine learning approach on natural language descriptions of concepts that enables an automatic means of clustering. Using data from over 1,000 concepts generated by student teams in a graduate new product development class, we provide a comparison between the concept clustering performed manually by the student teams and the work automated by a machine learning algorithm. The goal of our machine learning tool is to support design teams in identifying possible areas of “over-clustering” and/or “underclustering” in order to enhance divergent concept generation processes.
Concept drift vs suicide: How one can help prevent the other?

Suicide has long been a troublesome problem for society and is an event that has far-reaching consequences. Health organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the French National Observatory of Suicide (ONS) have pledged to reduce the number of suicides by 10% in all countries by 2020. While suicide is a very marked event, there are often behaviours and words that can act as early signs of predisposition to suicide. The objective of this application is to develop a system that semi-automatically detects these markers through social networks. A previous work has proposed the classification of Tweets using vocabulary in topics related to suicide: sadness, psychological injuries, mental state, depression, fear, loneliness, proposed suicide method, anorexia, insults , and cyber bullying. During that training period, we added a new dimension, time to reflect changes in the status of monitored people. We implemented it with different learning methods including an original concept drift method. We have successfully used this method on synthetic and real data sets issued from the Facebook platform.
Measurement, nature and removal of stickies in deinked pulp

Stickies refer to tacky contaminants in recovered paper, excluding wood extractives. Stickies originate from adhesives, ink binders and coating binders. Stickies able to pass a sieve of 100 or 150 μm (depending on standard) are called micro stickies, whereas the particles retained on the screen are called macro stickies. Dissolved and colloidal stickies are called secondary stickies. There are standard methods for macro stickies, but a standard method measuring the total amount of stickies is lacking. Furthermore, the size distribution, and nature of stickies in the sense if they are free particles or agglomerated with some other substances, has not been previously known. The information on the removal of stickies in different unit operations was also not known very well except for macro stickies. The aim of this thesis was thus to develop an analysis method for the total amount of stickies, determine the size distribution and nature of stickies, and find ways to better remove stickies in the deinking process. Extraction with tetrahydrofuran (THF) and High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with Size Exclusion Column (SEC) was used here to separate hydrophobic polymers (stickies) from the pulp suspension. An Evaporating solvent Light Scattering (ELS) detector was utilized to quantify the polymers after SEC. This analysis procedure was used in this thesis to measure stickies. Fractionation of pulp before the analysis was carried out if information of different-sized stickies was desired. The majority of stickies are micro stickies. A significant, although lower, portion of stickies are macrostickies, especially in the beginning of the deinking process. The dissolved and colloidal phase was found to contain wood extractives, and only trace amounts of stickies. Flotation is very effective in stickies removal. Ink and micro stickies were removed nearly equally in flotation, because they both are hydrophobic and are both in an optimal size range for removal in flotation. Ink measurements may be used for estimating the trends of stickies removal in flotation. The stickies removal in flotation may be enhanced by optimizing the pulper chemistry.
Applying the Fractional Response Model to Survey Research in Accounting

Survey research studies make extensive use of rating scales to measure constructs of interest. The bounded nature of such scales presents econometric estimation challenges. Linear estimation methods (e.g. OLS) often produce predicted values that lie outside the rating scales, and fail to account for nonconstant effects of the predictors. Established nonlinear approaches such as logit and probit transformations attenuate many shortcomings of linear methods. However, these nonlinear approaches are challenged by corner solutions, for which they require ad hoc transformations. Censored and truncated regressions alter the composition of the sample, while Tobit methods rely on distributional assumptions that are frequently not reflected in survey data, especially when observations fall at one extreme of the scale owing to surveyor and respondent characteristics. The fractional response model (FRM) (Papke and Wooldridge 1996, 2008) overcomes many limitations of established linear and non-linear econometric solutions in the study of bounded data. In this study, we first review the econometric characteristics of the FRM and discuss its applicability to survey-based studies in accounting. Second, we present results from Monte Carlo simulations to highlight the advantages of using the FRM relative to conventional models. Finally, we use data from a hospital patient satisfaction survey, compare the estimation results from a traditional OLS method and the FRM, and conclude that the FRM provides an improved methodological approach to the study of bounded dependent variables.
Review on Cipher X Ray Technique to Analyze and Implement Cryptographic Operation

: Identifying a given binary program implements a specific cryptographic algorithm and finding out more information about the cryptographic code is an important problem. In this paper, we present several methods to identify cryptographic primitives within a given binary programming an automated way. CipherXRay is a novel binary analysis framework that can automatically identify and recover the cryptographic operations. CipherXRay able to pinpoint the boundaries between the multiple rounds of cryptographic operation. It can further identifies certain operation modes(e.g., ECB, CBC, CFB) of the identified block cipher and tell whether the identified block cipher operation is encryption or decryption in certain cases. This results that current software implementations of cryptographic algorithms hardly achieve any secrecy if their execution can be monitored.
Association between Inflammatory Markers, Renal Damage Parameters and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Hypertensive Patients

In recent years, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and fibrinogen were recognized as valuable vascular markers of low-grade inflammation and microalbuminuria and serum uric acid levels as renal damage markers in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Carotid intima-media thickness (carotid IMT) is considered a subclinical marker of generalised atherosclerosis. In hypertensive patients, the presence of target organ damage is important for an adequate treatment. Objective: The aims of this study were to determine inflammatory and renal damage parameters in hypertensive patients with or without target organ damage and to evaluate the relationship between these parameters and carotid IMT. Methods: The study included 44 patients with arterial hypertension without TOD (33% men and 67% women, mean age 54 ± 4.80 years) and 48 patients with arterial hypertension and TOD (39% men and 61% women, mean age 59 ± 4.73 years). Target organ damage was defined by the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy, increased carotid IMT, or kidney damage assessed by microalbuminuria. In all patients, serum lipid profile, hsCRP, fibrinogen, serum uric acid levels and microalbuminuria were evaluated. B-mode carotid ultrasound was performed in all subjects. Results: Hypertensive patients with TOD had higher levels of hsCRP and fibrinogen than hypertensive patients without TOD (5.02 ±0.33 g/l vs. 2.65±0.23 g/l, p<0.001, and 6.83±0.23 g/l vs. 2.73±0.34 g/l, p<0.001), and an increased value of carotid IMT (1.30±0.04 mm vs. 0.84 ±0.03 mm, p<0.001), respectively. Hypertensive patients with TOD had higher levels of serum uric acid levels and microalbuminuria than hypertensive patients without TOD (8.38 ± 0.31vs. 6.04 ± 0.41mg/l, p<0.001, and 111 ± 20.70 vs. 13 ± 593 mg/l, p<0.001). We found a strong positive independent correlation between fibrinogen and carotid IMT (r = 0.87, p < 0.001) and between hsCRP and carotid IMT (r = 0.86, p<0.001). A positive correlation was observed also between carotid IMT and microalbuminuria (r = 0.74, p <0.001) and between carotid IMT and serum uric acid levels (r = 0.86, p <0.001). Conclusion: Inflammatory markers (hsCRP, fibrinogen) and renal damage parameters (serum uric acid, microalbuminuria) are significantly elevated in hypertensive patients with TOD. Measurement of carotid IMT and determination of inflammatory and renal damage markers seems to be valuable tools to monitor and treat hypertensive subjects with target organ damage. Key-Words: microalbuminuria, serum uric acid levels, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, intima-media thickness, target organ damage
Distribution of Pu isotopes in marine sediments in the Pacific 30 km off Fukushima after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident

Copyright © 2012 by The Geochemical Society of Japan. in seawater in the immediate vicinity of the Fukushima DNPP (TEPCO, 2011). From the analysis of 131I/137Cs activity ratios, Tsumune et al. (2012) found that the direct release of radioactive liquid wastes into the ocean started on March 26, 2011, and the direct release from the plant site contributed more to the measured 137Cs concentration than atmospheric deposition did. Using a regional ocean model, they further estimated that from March 26 to the end of May, the total amount of 137Cs directly released was 3.5 ± 0.7 PBq. In May–June, 2011, accident-released 134Cs and 137Cs were already being observed in coastal seawater along the Northern Sanriku coast and Tsugaru Strait, 250–450 km north of the Fukushima DNPP (Inoue et al., 2012). Honda et al. (2012) studied the distribution of 134Cs and 137Cs in surface seawater in the western North Pacific one month after the accident and found that accident-released radionuclides were distributed widely in the western North Pacific. The 137Cs observed there was transported not only by diffusion and advection of seawater but also via the atmosphere as an aerosol after the accident. Honda et al. (2012) estimated the deposition of 137Cs into the sea surface via the atmosphere was 0.18 PBq, which is smaller than the deposition of ca. 5 PBq estimated by Kawamura et al. (2011) using a numerical simulation. Distribution of Pu isotopes in marine sediments in the Pacific 30 km off Fukushima after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident
Wireless Building Monitoring and Control System

The building sector is the largest energy consumer and CO2 emitter in the European Union (EU) and therefore the active reduction of energy consumption and elimination of energy wastage are among the main goals in it. Healthy housing and energy efficiency are affected by many factors which set challenges to monitoring, control and research of indoor air quality (IAQ) and energy consumption, especially in old buildings. These challenges include measurement and equipment costs, for example. Additionally, the measurement results are difficult to interpret and their usage in the ventilation control is also limited when taking into account the energy efficiency of housing at the same time. The main goal of this study is to develop a cost-effective building monitoring and control system especially for old buildings. The starting point or keyword of the development process is a wireless system; otherwise the installation costs become too high. As the main result, this paper describes an idea of a wireless building monitoring and control system. The first prototype of the system has been installed in 10 residential buildings and in 10 school buildings located in the City of Kuopio, Finland. Keywords—Energy efficiency, Indoor air quality, Monitoring system, Building automation
Perceiving Emotion in Sounds: Does Timbre Play a Role?

Perceiving Emotion in Sounds: Does Timbre Play a Role? (December 2011) Casady Diane Bowman, B.S., Oklahoma State University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Takashi Yamauchi Acoustic features of sound such as pitch, loudness, perceived duration and timbre have been shown to be related to emotion in regard to sound, demonstrating that research involving the important connection between the perceived emotions and their timbres is lacking. This study investigates the relationship between acoustic features of sound and emotion with regard to timbre. In two experiments, we investigated whether particular acoustic components of sound can predict timbre and particular categories of emotion, and how these attributes are related. Two behavioral experiments related perceived emotion ratings with synthetically created sounds and International Affective Digitized Sounds (IADS). Also, two timbre experiments found a connection between acoustic components of synthetically created sounds, and IADS. Regression analyses uncovered some relationships between emotion, timbre, and acoustic features of sound. Results indicate that emotion is perceived differently for synthetic instrumental sounds and IADS. Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients were a strong predictor of perceived emotion of instrumental sounds; however, this was not the case for the IADS. This difference lends itself to the idea that there is a strong relationship between emotion and timbre for instrumental sounds, perhaps in part because of their relationship to speech and the way these different sounds are processed.
Surface plasmon enhanced absorption and suppressed transmission in periodic arrays of graphene ribbons

Resonance diffraction in the periodic array of graphene microribbons is theoretically studied following a recent experiment [L. Ju et al., Nature Nanotech. 6, 630 (2011)]. Systematic studies over a wide range of parameters are presented. It is shown that a much richer resonant picture would be observable for higher relaxation times of charge carriers: More resonances appear and transmission can be totally suppressed. The comparison with the absorption cross-section of a single ribbon shows that the resonant features of the periodic array are associated with leaky plasmonic modes. The longest-wavelength resonance provides the highest visibility of the transmission dip and has the strongest spectral shift and broadening with respect to the single-ribbon resonance, due to collective effects.
Making integration of adaptation and mitigation work: mainstreaming into sustainable development policies?

Can an integrated approach to mitigation and adaptation offer opportunities for a more effective response to climate change than the current strategies? The nature of the linkages depends on the dimensions: economic, institutional or environmental, and on the scale. Differences are pervasive: adaptation and mitigation usually have different temporal and spatial scales and are mostly relevant for different economic sectors, so that costs and benefits are distributed differently. The article concludes that generally the global, regional and—in most countries—national potential of synergetic options to mitigate and adapt to climate change is relatively low, and both strategies should be considered as complementary. However, a few notable exceptions are identified in the land and water management and urban planning sectors, in particular in countries or locations where these sectors provide important adaptation and mitigation opportunities. What is the theoretically most efficient and least expensive mixture of adaptation and mitigation policies may not be a very urgent policy question. Instead, five pragmatic ways of broadening climate policy are suggested, while taking into account the linkages between adaptation and mitigation: (1) avoiding trade-offs—when designing policies for mitigation or adaptation, (2) identifying synergies, (3) enhancing response capacity, (4) developing institutional links between adaptation and mitigation—e.g. in national institutions and in international negotiations, and (5) mainstreaming adaptation and mitigation considerations into broader sustainable development policies.
Climate Change and the Global Pattern of Moraine-Dammed Glacial Lake Outburst Floods

Abstract. Despite recent research identifying a clear anthropogenic impact on glacier recession, the effect of recent climate change on glacier-related hazards is at present unclear. Here we present the first global spatio-temporal assessment of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) focusing explicitly on lake drainage following moraine dam failure. These floods occur as mountain glaciers recede and downwaste. GLOFs can have an enormous impact on downstream communities and infrastructure. Our assessment of GLOFs associated with the rapid drainage of moraine-dammed lakes provides insights into the historical trends of GLOFs and their distributions under current and future global climate change. We observe a clear global increase in GLOF frequency and their regularity around 1930, which likely represents a lagged response to post-Little Ice Age warming. Notably, we also show that GLOF frequency and regularity – rather unexpectedly – have declined in recent decades even during a time of rapid glacier recession. Although previous studies have suggested that GLOFs will increase in response to climate warming and glacier recession, our global results demonstrate that this has not yet clearly happened. From an assessment of the timing of climate forcing, lag times in glacier recession, lake formation and moraine-dam failure, we predict increased GLOF frequencies during the next decades and into the 22nd century.