Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The evolution of the large-scale emission in FRI jets

Recent observations in X-rays and gamma-rays of nearby FRI radio galaxies have raised the question of the origin of the emission detected in the termination structures of their jets. The study of these structures can give information on the conditions for particle acceleration and radiation at the front shocks. In addition, an evolutionary scenario can help to disentangle the origin of the detected X-ray emission in young FRI sources, like some Gigahertz Peaked Spectrum AGNs. This work focuses on the nature and detectability of the radiation seen from the termination regions of evolving FRI jets. We use the results of a relativistic, two-dimensional numerical simulation of the propagation of an FRI jet, coupled with a radiation model, to make predictions for the spectra and lightcurves of the thermal and non-thermal emission at different stages of the FRI evolution. Our results show that under moderate magnetic fields, the synchrotron radiation would be the dominant non-thermal channel, appearing extended in radio and more compact in X-rays, with relatively small flux variations with time. The shocked jet synchrotron emission would dominate the X-ray band, although the shocked ISM/ICM thermal component alone may be significant in old sources. Inverse Compton scattering of CMB photons could yield significant fluxes in the GeV and TeV bands, with a non-negligible X-ray contribution. The IC radiation would present a bigger angular size in X-rays and GeV than in TeV, with fluxes increasing with time. We conclude that the thermal and non-thermal broadband emission from the termination regions of FRI jets could be detectable for sources located up to distances of a few 100 Mpc.
Dual elliptically tapered antipodal slot antenna loaded by curved terminations for ultrawideband applications

The dual elliptically tapered antipodal slot antenna (DETASA) is a modified version of the antipodal Vivaldi antenna. The DETASA is formed by elliptical tapering of the inner and outer edges of the slotline conductors of the antipodal Vivaldi radiator. To enhance the performance of the DETASA, this paper presents a modified configuration by using curved conducting terminations at the end of the slotline conductors. The proposed DETASA has the advantages of extended lower operating frequency, flatter gain response, symmetrical radiation patterns, and improved impedance matching across the operating band over the conventional DETASA. As an example, a prototype covering the ultrawideband (UWB) frequency range (3.1–10.6 GHz) is designed and characterized in terms of impedance matching, gain, radiation pattern, transfer function, and group delay in the frequency domain, as well as impulse response and fidelity in the time domain. The prototype which is made on a 0.8128 mm Rogers RO4003 substrate with the dimensions of 80 × 80 mm shows good impedance and radiation performance over 3–20 GHz: Return loss is less than –10 dB; gain variation is less than 4 dB (4–8 dBi); and symmetrical radiation patterns and constant group delay have also been achieved. In the time domain, the prototype features good impulse response and high fidelity (F is more than 0.9) as well. The simulated and measured results show that the proposed DETASA is capable of providing enhanced impedance and radiation performance suitable, in particular, for UWB applications.
Soft Molds with Micro-Machined Internal Skeletons Improve Robustness of Flapping-Wing Robots

Mobile millimeter and centimeter scale robots often use smart composite manufacturing (SCM) for the construction of body components and mechanisms. The fabrication of SCM mechanisms requires laser machining and laminating flexible, adhesive, and structural materials into small-scale hinges, transmissions, and, ultimately, wings or legs. However, a fundamental limitation of SCM components is the plastic deformation and failure of flexures. In this work, we demonstrate that encasing SCM components in a soft silicone mold dramatically improves the durability of SCM flexure hinges and provides robustness to SCM components. We demonstrate this advance in the design of a flapping-wing robot that uses an underactuated compliant transmission fabricated with an inner SCM skeleton and exterior silicone mold. The transmission design is optimized to achieve desired wingstroke requirements and to allow for independent motion of each wing. We validate these design choices in bench-top tests, measuring transmission compliance, kinematics, and fatigue. We integrate the transmission with laminate wings and two types of actuation, demonstrating elastic energy exchange and limited lift-off capabilities. Lastly, we tested collision mitigation through flapping-wing experiments that obstructed the motion of a wing. These experiments demonstrate that an underactuated compliant transmission can provide resilience and robustness to flapping-wing robots.
Bone-Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Their Conditioned Media, and Olive Leaf Extract Protect against Cisplatin-Induced Toxicity by Alleviating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Rats

Background: Hepatic and renal damage is a cisplatin (Cis)-induced deleterious effect that is a major limiting factor in clinical chemotherapy. Objectives: The current study was designed to investigate the influence of pretreatment with olive leaf extract (OLE), bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC), and their conditioned media (CM-MSC) against genotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and immunotoxicity induced by cisplatin in rats. Methods: The rats were randomly divided into six groups (six rats each) as follows: Control; OLE group, treated with OLE; Cis group, treated with a single intraperitoneal dose of Cis (7 mg/kg bw); Cis + OLE group, treated with OLE and cisplatin; Cis + CM-MSC group, treated with BM-MSC conditioned media and Cis; and Cis + MSC group, treated with BM-MSC in addition to Cis. Results: Cis resulted in a significant deterioration in hepatic and renal functions and histological structures. Furthermore, it increased inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased glutathione (GSH) content, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in hepatic and renal tissues. Furthermore, apoptosis was evident in rat tissues. A significant increase in serum 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), nitric oxide (NO) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and a decrease in lysozyme activity were detected in Cis-treated rats. OLE, CM-MSC, and BM-MSC have significantly ameliorated Cis-induced deterioration in hepatic and renal structure and function and improved oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, with preference to BM-MSC. Moreover, apoptosis was significantly inhibited, evident from the decreased expression of Bax and caspase-3 genes and upregulation of Bcl-2 proteins in protective groups as compared to Cis group. Conclusions: These findings indicate that BM-MSC, CM-MSC, and OLE have beneficial effects in ameliorating cisplatin-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and genotoxicity in a rat model.
Antioxidant properties of two novel lipophilic gallic acid derivatives

The effectiveness of two lipophilic derivatives of the natural phenol, gallic acid (GA), synthesized using methyl gallate as starting material was investigated. The antioxidant activities of these novel phenolics compared to GA, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) were evaluated in bulk oil, emulsion and the DPPH systems. The results showed that the new compounds effectively delayed lipid oxidation much better than GA and other antioxidants under Rancimat (100-140 °C) and emulsion tests. In the bulk oil system at 65 °C, they still behaved better than GA, but TBHQ had the highest activity. Thus, replacing the electron-withdrawing carboxylic group on GA by covalently linking sterically hindered phenols to its phenyl ring increased its lipophilicity and also resulted in synergistic effects which improved overall antioxidant activity through stabilization of the phenoxy radical. These new antioxidant variants satisfy industrial demands for bioactive ingredients with strong antioxidant potentials under different food processing conditions.
Spectral-Energy Efficiency and Power Allocation in Full-Duplex Networks: The Effects of Hardware Impairment and Nakagami-$m$ Fading Channels

Full-duplex (FD) systems have emerged as game-changers for the future of wireless communication thanks to their ability to increase spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE). In this article, we study the effect of hardware impairments (HWIs) on Multiple-input Multiple-output (MIMO) FD systems. We derived closed-form expressions for the lower bounds of the average UL and DL achievable rates. We formulate different power allocation optimization problems to maximize the average FD SE and EE, while satisfying the quality of service (QoS) and power budget constraints. Moreover, we consider the max-min objective functions to assure fairness between users. These problems are solved using different optimization techniques, including the Dinkelbach approach, transformation, and the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions. We also refine the SE algorithm and present a simpler solution. Finally, we assume that all fading channels follow Nakagami-$m$ distributions, where other scenarios can be considered special cases. Extensive simulations were performed to validate the presented analysis.
Study of the hydrodynamic effect in column PBR on cellular growth, nitrogen removal, lipid productivity and fatty acid profile in Chlorella vulgaris.

In this work we analyzed different biochemical parameters such as cell growth, nitrogen removal, lipid productivity and fatty acid profile in Chlorella vulgaris by hydrodynamic effect varying the aeration to (0.75, 1.25, 1.75, 2.25) vvm and white light conditions continuous in column photobioreactor; hydrodynamic calculations of the FBR were carried out to determine the shear rate and possible existence of hydrodynamic stress at the proposed aeration conditions; the values reached in the shear rate were reduced (0.0025 to 0.0220) s-1, observing flow of homogeneous type in all the experiments; however, the maximum values of cell growth and specific growth rate (μ) were (5.90x106 cells mL-1 and 0.0229 d-1) respectively, as well as the highest N consumption (60%) and the highest productivity of lipids (8.98 mgL-1d-1) were reached during the experiment at 0.75 vvm. In relation to the analysis of the fatty acid profile greater presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was observed in the experiments at 0.75 vvm, 1.75 vvm and 2.25 vvm, however, at 1.25 vvm, higher productivity of saturated fatty acids (SFA) was obtained; with respect to monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) the highest concentration was reflected at 0.75 vvm. The components with the highest presence in the fatty acid profile analysis were C12: 0; C20: 5N3; C24: 1; C 22: 0; C22: 2.
The Impact of Cultural Creative Product Design for Sport Events on the Residents' Fitness

Cultural and creative product design of sports events is an important part of sports industry, which can improve the economic benefits of sports industry. Based on this background, this paper puts forward a regression analysis method to deeply analyze the design of cultural and creative products in sports events, aiming at driving the healthy development of residents and improving their health levels. First of all, 620 residents were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group to compare natural characteristics, historical characteristics, folk crafts, regional culture, and other indicators. Then, find out the factors with significant differences, and carry out regression analysis to provide corresponding measures for the design of cultural and creative products in sports events. The results show that the main influencing factors of creative product design are natural characteristics, historical characteristics, folk crafts, regional culture, and promotion effect, and each index has a significant impact on residents' fitness, and there are significant differences. Therefore, all regions should improve the design level of sports events, bring through the development of residents' fitness industry, and effectively guide residents' fitness.
Insight into Lotusine and Puerarin in Repairing Alcohol-Induced Metabolic Disorder Based on UPLC-MS/MS

Alcohol is an essential element in human culture. However, alcoholism has contributed to numerous health issues, including alcoholic fatty liver and sudden death. We found that the alkaloid lotusine possessed hepato- and neuroprotection against alcohol injuries. Lotusine showed comparable protective effects to puerarin, a widely recognized antagonist against alcohol damage. To better understand the metabolic response to alcohol injury and antagonist molecules, we applied sensitive zebrafish and LC-ESI-MS to collect metabolites related to alcohol, puerarin and lotusine exposure. LC-MS identified 119 metabolites with important physiological roles. Differential metabolomic analysis showed that alcohol caused abnormal expression of 82 metabolites (60 up-regulated and 22 down-regulated). These differential metabolites involved 18 metabolic pathways and modules, including apoptosis, necroptosis, nucleotide and fatty acid metabolism. Puerarin reversed seven metabolite variations induced by alcohol, which were related to necroptosis and sphingolipid metabolism. Lotusine was found to repair five metabolites disorders invoked by alcohol, mainly through nucleotide metabolism and glutathione metabolism. In phenotypic bioassay, lotusine showed similar activities to puerarin in alleviating behavioral abnormalities, neuroapoptosis and hepatic lipid accumulation induced by alcohol exposure. Our findings provided a new antagonist, lotusine, for alcohol-induced damage and explored the roles in repairing abnormal metabolism.
Relationship between Physical Activity and Emotional Regulation Strategies in Early Adulthood: Mediating Effects of Cortical Thickness

We investigated the relationship between physical activity (PA) and emotional regulation strategies among college students to establish the mediating role of cortical thickness. A total of 60 university students (18–20 years old) were enrolled in this study. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-L) was used to estimate PA levels. Based on the International Physical Activity Working Group standards, PA levels were divided into low, medium, and high PA groups; emotional regulation strategies were determined by the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), including the Cognitive Reappraisal Scale (CR) and the Expressive Suppression Scale (ES). Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure cortical thickness. Differences in use of the ES strategy among high, medium, and low PA groups were not marked. However, compared to the low PA group, the CR strategy was frequently used in the high PA group, with a thicker right hemisphere rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rrACC). PA levels were positively correlated with thickness of the rrACC cortex (r = 0.398, p = 0.002 < 0.05) and CR strategy (r = 0.398, p = 0.002 < 0.05), and negatively correlated with the ES strategy (r = −0.348, p = 0.007 < 0.05). The rrACC cortical thickness played a partial mediating role in the relationship between PA and CR strategy, accounting for 33.1% of total effect values. These findings indicate that although the negative correlation between PA and ES was not significant, the positive correlation between PA with CR was significant, and rrACC thickness played a partial mediating role in the relationship between PA and CR, providing new evidence toward comprehensively revealing the relationship between PA, rrACC cortical thickness, and emotion regulation strategies.
Computer simulation testing of a double traffic lane-change manoeuvre

This work presents problems of model of lateral dynamics of vehicle. This work presents problems of analysis of correct execution of manoeuvres for example a double lane change manoeuvre. It presents the use of objective function which enables to evaluate correct execution of manoeuvres. Results of the computer simulation are presented. The article concerns two situations: sudden the appearance of the roadblock and passing of expected roadblock, and includes criteria choice of manoeuvre correctness, the double change of the traffic lane, enforce on the steering wheel for manoeuvre, movement trajectory, cross acceleration, cross body inclination. Computer simulation test results let on statement that the system should recognize the manoeuvre as a whole, what means that one should tend to elimination of applying of frequent movements enforce of steering wheel and to go toward of the functional enforce course. Proposed character of the target function can be used for correctness estimation of manoeuvres execution. Relatively slight changes of the amplitude and the frequency force on the steering wheel can influence notable on the executed manoeuvre quality. Even slight changes of the value of the target function can contain in themselves decided differences in values of executed manoeuvre parameters.
Design and analysis of a wall‐climbing robot for passive adaptive movement on variable‐curvature metal facades

To facilitate the safe adsorption and stable motion of robots on curved metal surfaces, a wall‐climbing robot with a wheeled‐type mobile mechanism that can passively self‐adapt to walls with different curvature is proposed. The robot is composed of two relatively independent passive adaptive mobile mechanisms and overrunning permanent magnetic adsorption devices to achieve effective fitting of the driving wheels to the wall surface and adaptive surface motion. The overall design is based on a double‐hinged connection scheme and gap‐type permanent magnetic adsorption. The minimum adsorption force required for the robot to achieve stable climbing motion with no risk of slipping or capsizing is determined by developing a static analysis model. The effects of air‐gap size and wall thickness on the adsorption force are analyzed by means of magnetic circuit design studies and parametric simulations on the permanent magnet adsorption device, as well as design optimization of the permanent magnet device. The motion performance test of the fabricated prototype shows that the robot can achieve adaptive curvature motion with self‐attitude adjustment, and has a certain load capacity, obstacle crossing capability, and good surface adaptivity.
Characterizations of a Class-I BASIC PENTACYSTEINE Gene Reveal Conserved Roles in the Transcriptional Repression of Genes Involved in Seed Development

The developmental regulation of flower organs involves the spatio-temporal regulation of floral homeotic genes. BASIC PENTACYSTEINE genes are plant-specific transcription factors that is involved in many aspects of plant development through gene transcriptional regulation. Although studies have shown that the BPC genes are involved in the developmental regulation of flower organs, little is known about their role in the formation of double-flower due. Here we characterized a Class I BPC gene (CjBPC1) from an ornamental flower—Camellia japonica. We showed that CjBPC1 is highly expressed in the central whorls of flowers in both single and doubled varieties. Overexpression of CjBPC1 in Arabidopsis thaliana caused severe defects in siliques and seeds. We found that genes involved in ovule and seed development, including SEEDSTICK, LEAFY COTYLEDON2, ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 3 and FUSCA3, were significantly down-regulated in transgenic lines. We showed that the histone 3 lysine 27 methylation levels of these downstream genes were enhanced in the transgenic plants, indicating conserved roles of CjBPC1 in recruiting the Polycomb Repression Complex for gene suppression.
Affective Recommender System for Pet Social Network

In this new era, it is no longer impossible to create a smart home environment around the household. Moreover, users are not limited to humans but also include pets such as dogs. Dogs need long-term close companionship with their owners; however, owners may occasionally need to be away from home for extended periods of time and can only monitor their dogs’ behaviors through home security cameras. Some dogs are sensitive and may develop separation anxiety, which can lead to disruptive behavior. Therefore, a novel smart home solution with an affective recommendation module is proposed by developing: (1) an application to predict the behavior of dogs and, (2) a communication platform using smartphones to connect with dog friends from different households. To predict the dogs’ behaviors, the dog emotion recognition and dog barking recognition methods are performed. The ResNet model and the sequential model are implemented to recognize dog emotions and dog barks. The weighted average is proposed to combine the prediction value of dog emotion and dog bark to improve the prediction output. Subsequently, the prediction output is forwarded to a recommendation module to respond to the dogs’ conditions. On the other hand, the Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP) server is implemented as a platform to contact a dog’s friends on a list to interact with each other. Various tests were carried out and the proposed weighted average led to an improvement in the prediction accuracy. Additionally, the proposed communication platform using basic smartphones has successfully established the connection between dog friends.
Modelling the causative-inchoative alternation

The causative-inchoative alternation has traditionally been modelled in terms of the causativization of inchoative verbs. I argue that this analysis conflicts with the way the causativeinchoative alternation is predominantly expressed crosslinguistically, which would sooner suggest that the causative-inchoative alternation involves the decausativization of causativeinchoative verbs. After considering two further models for the causative-inchoative alternation (that of Parsons (1990) and Levin and Rappaport Hovav (1995)) and finding them wanting as well, I propose a new model (the Y-model) that derives the meaning of a causativeinchoative verb and its inchoative counterpart from the meaning of their shared verb stem. The Y-model does justice both to the morphological facts of the causative-inchoative alternation and to the idea that an inchoative verb is a decausative (or more precisely: a deagentive) version of its causative-inchoative counterpart.
Wavelet analysis of solar magnetic strength indices

Wavelet analysis of different solar activity indices, sunspot numbers, sunspot areas, flare index, magnetic fields, etc., allows us to investigate the time evolution of some specific features of the solar activity and the underlying dynamo mechanism. The main aim of this work is the analysis of the time-frequency behavior of some magnetic strengtht indices currently taken at the Mt. Wilson Observatory 150-Foot Solar Tower. In particular, we analyzed both the long time series (Jan 19, 1970 - Jan 22, 2013) of the Magnetic Plage Strength Index (MPSI) values and of the Mt. Wilson Sunspot Index (MWSI) values, covering the descending phase of cycle 20, the full solar cycles 21-23 and the current part of the 24 solar cycle. This study is a further contribution to detect the changes in the multiscale quasiperiodic variations in the integrated magnetic solar activity with a comparison between past solar cycles and the current one, which is one of the weaker recorded in the past 100 years. Indeed, it is well known that an unusual and deep solar minimum occurred between solar cycles 23 and 24 and the time-frequency behavior of some magnetic strengtht indices can help to better interpret the responsible mechanisms.