Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Empirical study of fault prediction for open-source systems using the Chidamber and Kemerer metrics

Software testers are usually provoked with projects that have faults. Predicting a class's fault-proneness is vital for minimising cost and improving the effectiveness of the software testing. Previous research on software metrics has shown strong relationships between software metrics and faults in object-oriented systems using a binary variable. However, these models do not consider the history of faults in classes. In this work, a dependent variable is proposed that uses fault history to rate classes into four categories (none, low risk, medium risk and high risk) and to improve the predictive capability of fault models. The study is conducted on many releases of four open-source systems. The study tests the statistical differences in seven machine learning algorithms to find whether the proposed variable can be used to build better prediction models. The performance of the classifiers using the four categories is significantly better than the binary variable. In addition, the results show improvements on the reliability of the prediction models as the software matures. Therefore the fault history improves the prediction of fault-proneness of classes in open-source systems.
Structures of the OmpF porin crystallized in the presence of foscholine‐12

The endogenous Escherichia coli porin OmpF was crystallized as an accidental by‐product of our efforts to express, purify, and crystallize the E. coli integral membrane protein KdpD in the presence of foscholine‐12 (FC12). FC12 is widely used in membrane protein studies, but no crystal structure of a protein that was both purified and crystallized with this detergent has been reported in the Protein Data Bank. Crystallization screening for KdpD yielded two different crystals of contaminating protein OmpF. Here, we report two OmpF structures, the first membrane protein crystal structures for which extraction, purification, and crystallization were done exclusively with FC12. The first structure was refined in space group P21 with cell parameters a = 136.7 Å, b = 210.5 Å, c = 137 Å, and β = 100.5°, and the resolution of 3.8 Å. The second structure was solved at the resolution of 4.4 Å and was refined in the P321 space group, with unit cell parameters a = 215.5 Å, b = 215.5 Å, c = 137.5 Å, and γ = 120°. Both crystal forms show novel crystal packing, in which the building block is a tetrahedral arrangement of four trimers. Additionally, we discuss the use of FC12 for membrane protein crystallization and structure determination, as well as the problem of the OmpF contamination for membrane proteins overexpressed in E. coli.
Studies on the metabolic fate of valproic acid in the rat using stable isotope techniques.

1. The metabolic fate of two specifically deuterated analogues of valproic acid (VPA), [2-2H1]VPA and [3,3-2H2]VPA, was studied in the rat following i.p. injection. 2. A total of 11 urinary metabolites of each labelled substrate were detected by g.l. c. -mass spectrometry. Those metabolites which resulted from oxidation of the drug at C-4 and/or C-5 retained the deuterium label(s), whereas products of oxidation at C-2 and/or C-3 exhibited varying degrees of deuterium loss. 3. The deuterium content of 3-hydroxy-VPA indicated that this metabolite has a dual origin, and arises in part by beta-oxidation of VPA and in part by direct hydroxylation at C-3. An apparent intramolecular isotope effect (kH/kD) of ca. 8 was associated with the latter process. 3-Oxo-VPA appeared to be formed mainly by oxidation of delta 2-VPA, rather than by oxidation of 3-hydroxy-VPA. 4. Evidence was obtained that delta 3-VPA is formed reversibly from delta 2-VPA, and that further desaturation of delta 3-VPA gives rise to a metabolite believed to have a 2,3'-diene structure. 5. The stable isotope method employed in this investigation represents a powerful technique for studies on the origin of drug metabolites and for the elucidation of complex metabolic inter-relationships in vivo.
A randomised comparison of early versus late amniotomy following cervical ripening with a Foley catheter

Objectives Ripening of the cervix with a Foley catheter commonly results in cervical dilatation without contractions. We examined the outcome of labour in women who underwent induction of labour using a Foley catheter, followed by either 1. early amniotomy, or 2. augmentation of labour by oxytocin and late amniotomy
Chromosomal instability in mouse embryonic fibroblasts null for the transcriptional co‐repressor Ski

Ski is a transcriptional regulator that has been considered an oncoprotein given its ability to induce oncogenic transformation in avian model systems. However, studies in mouse and in some human tumor cells have also indicated a tumor suppressor activity for this protein. We found that Ski−/− mouse embryo fibroblasts exhibit high levels of genome instability, namely aneuploidy, consistent with a tumor suppressor function for Ski. Time‐lapse microscopy revealed lagging chromosomes and chromatin/chromosome bridges as the major cause of micronuclei (MN) formation and the subsequent aneuploidy. Although these cells arrested in mitosis after treatment with spindle disrupting drugs and exhibited a delayed metaphase/anaphase transition, spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) was not sufficient to prevent chromosome missegregation, consistent with a weakened SAC. Our in vivo analysis also showed dynamic metaphase plate rearrangements with switches in polarity in cells arrested in metaphase. Importantly, after ectopic expression of Ski the cells that displayed this metaphase arrest died directly during metaphase or after aberrant cell division, relating SAC activation and mitotic cell death. This increased susceptibility to undergo mitosis‐associated cell death reduced the number of MN‐containing cells. The presented data support a new role for Ski in the mitotic process and in maintenance of genetic stability, providing insights into the mechanism of tumor suppression mediated by this protein. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 278–287, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermopower of the superconducting cuprates.

The normal-state thermoelectric power of the high-{ital T}{sub {ital c}} superconducting cuprates shows a systematic but unusual dependence on temperature and on the concentration of holes in the CuO{sub 2} planes. In this paper it is shown that the observed pattern is predicted within a conventional Fermi-liquid picture and follows from the observation, already inferred from thermal-conductivity data, that the acoustic phonons remain scattered predominantly by electrons up to room temperature.
A hierarchical test pattern generation system based on high-level primitives

The authors present an extension of the automatic test pattern generation system SOCRATES to a hierarchical test pattern generation system for combinational and scan-based circuits. The proposed system is based on predefined high-level primitives, e.g., multiplexers and adders. The exploitation of high-level primitives leads to significant improvements in implication, unique sensitization, and multiple backtrace, all of which play a key role in the efficiency of any automatic test pattern generation (ATG) system. In order to perform deterministic ATG and fault simulation for internal faults of high-level primitives, the high-level primitives are dynamically expanded to their gate-level realization. A number of experimental results, achieved on circuits with several tens of thousands of primitives, demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach in terms of CPU time, fault coverage, and memory requirements. >
Lock and key approach to “hidden” encephalitis

Further keys to unlock diagnosis and treatment to “hidden” encephalitis can be obtained by access to PCR and IgG immunoblotting Although varicella zoster virus is notorious for masquerading in various clinical presentations (eg, Guillain–Barre syndrome, Bell’s palsy or even without the shingles rash), it nevertheless remains a completely curable disease, provided the suspicion of the neurologist is raised.1 To clinch the diagnosis requires access to possibly two laboratories, thereby adopting a dual approach to both antibody and antigen (lock and key)—namely, viral immunoglobulin G (IgG) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The recent …
Study of binding stoichiometries of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase by capillary electrophoresis and laser‐induced fluorescence polarization using aptamers as probes

Binding stoichiometries between four DNA aptamers (RT12, RT26, RTlt49, and ODN93) and the reverse transcriptase (RT) of the type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV‐1) were studied using affinity CE (ACE) coupled with LIF polarization and fluorescence polarization (FP). The ACE/LIF study showed evidence of two binding stoichiometries between the HIV‐1 RT protein and aptamers RT12, RT26, and ODN93, suggesting that these aptamers can bind to both the p66 and p51 subunits of the HIV‐1 RT. Only one binding stoichiometry for aptamer RTlt49 was found. The affinity complexes were easily separated from the unbound aptamers; however, the different stoichiometries were not well resolved. A complementary technique, FP, was able to provide additional information about the binding and supporting evidence for the ACE/LIF results. The ACE/LIFP study also revealed that the FP values of the 1:1 complexes of the HIV‐1 RT protein with aptamers RT12, RT26, and ODN93 were always much greater than those of the 1:2 complexes. This was initially surprising because the larger molecular size of the 1:2 complexes was expected to result in higher FP values than the corresponding 1:1 complexes. This phenomenon was probably a result of fluorescence resonance energy transfer between the two fluorescent molecules bound to the HIV‐1 RT protein.
An approximate reasoning technique for segmentation on compressed mpeg video

A fail-safe thermostatically controlled circuit is disclosed for use in high-throughput thermoplastic material melting and dispensing apparatus including a hopper into which solid thermoplastic material is deposited for feeding the thermoplastic material to a grid melter which melts the thermoplastic material whereupon the molten thermoplastic material flows from the grid melter to a reservoir from which the molten thermoplastic material is pumped to an applicator or dispenser. Both the grid melter and the reservoir are preferably heated by electrical resistance heaters energized by separate fail-safe thermostatically controlled circuits. Each fail-safe thermostatically controlled circuit includes a manually adjustable thermostat for sensing the temperature of the molten thermoplastic material in order to connect a high voltage and current power source through a fusible element included in fail-safe circuitry to the electrical resistance heaters for energizing the electrical resistance heaters when the temperature of the molten thermoplastic material is below a preselected thermostat temperature setting. The fail-safe circuitry also includes a shut-off temperature detector for sensing the temperature of the molten thermoplastic material in order to energize a heat generating element for melting the fusible element if the temperature of the molten thermoplastic material reaches a predetermined shut-off temperature which is above the preselected thermostat temperature setting, thereby disconnecting the power source from the electrical resistance heaters.
Predictors of Traditional and Cyber-Bullying Victimization

The purpose of the present article is to compare the individual, peer, family, and school risk and protective factors for both traditional and cyber-bullying victimization. This article draws on data from 673 students from Victoria, Australia, to examine Grade 7 (aged 12-13 years) predictors of traditional and cyber-bullying victimization in Grade 9 (aged 14-15 years). Participants completed a modified version of the Communities That Care youth survey. There were few similarities and important differences in the predictors of traditional and cyber-bullying victimization. For Grade 9 cyber-bullying victimization, in the fully adjusted model, having been a victim of traditional bullying in Grade 7 and emotional control in Grade 7 were predictors. For Grade 9 traditional bullying victimization, predictors were Grade 7 traditional bullying victimization, association with antisocial peers, and family conflict, with family attachment and emotional control marginally statistically significant. The use of evidence-based bullying prevention programs is supported to reduce experiences of both traditional and cyber-bullying victimization, as is the implementation of programs to assist students to regulate their emotions effectively. In addition, traditional bullying victimization may be reduced by addressing association with antisocial friends, family conflict, and bonding to families.
Combining FDTD simulations with measurements of microstrip ring resonators for characterization of low‐ and high‐K dielectrics at microwaves

This paper shows how the dielectric constant of alumina and rutile substrates at microwave frequencies can be accurately determined by fitting the simulated S‐parameter spectra of microstrip ring resonators, generated via the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method, to experimentally measured data. The proposed method does not require the determination of the effective dielectric constant and the approximate closed‐form expressions to find the true permittivity of the substrate. This is essential for the characterization of high‐K dielectric materials at high frequencies when the closed‐form expressions are invalid. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 21–24, 2001.
Notice of RetractionA study on patent right output contribution rate and its calculation

Based on the deduction method and the method of analogy, this article designs a model which describes how to measure contribution rate of patent output, infers calculating formula. Besides, we choose mechanical engineering and agricultural food and Electronic physics sample to conduct an empirical study. The results suggest that the average output contribution rate of patents is -2.8%, for those industries like mechanical engineering, the rate is 1.8%, for those industries like agricultural food, the rate is -8.5%, for those industries like Electronic physics, the rate is -1.7%. Through empirical research we can obtain plenty of conclusions. In spite of that contribution rate of patent output varies in different situations, generally, rate level is very low and presents negatively. What's more, a distinction should be made between what is primary and what is secondary, concerning protection of patents.
Model-based shape from silhouette - a solution involving a small number of views

A card reader for a viewdata terminal such as PRESTEL in which a code in the card is read and used to enable access to the viewdata computer and to charge the appropriate account for use of the viewdata system. The reader detects voltage signals from capacitive couplings between electrodes in the card and in the reader assesses whether they are greater or smaller than a reference level to give binary 1 or binary 0 and compensates for capacitance variations by means of a "dummy" cell which adjusts the reference. Any variations in the signals caused by dirt et cetera affects the dummy cell equally and hence adjusts the reference accordingly. The reader operates in the static mode.
Viscoelastic Model for Lung Parenchyma for Multi-Scale Modeling of Respiratory System, Phase II: Dodecahedral Micro-Model

In the first year of this contractual effort a hypo-elastic constitutive model was developed and shown to have great potential in modeling the elastic response of parenchyma. This model resides at the macroscopic level of the continuum. In this, the second year of our support, an isotropic dodecahedron is employed as an alveolar model. This is a microscopic model for parenchyma. A hopeful outcome is that the linkage between these two scales of modeling will be a source of insight and inspiration that will aid us in the final year's activity: creating a viscoelastic model for parenchyma.
Solution structure of murine epidermal growth factor determined by NMR spectroscopy and refined by energy minimization with restraints.

The solution structure of murine epidermal growth factor (mEGF) at pH 3.1 and a temperature of 28 degrees C has been determined from NMR data, using distance geometry calculations and restrained energy minimization. The structure determination is based on 730 conformational constraints derived from NMR data, including 644 NOE-derived upper bound distance constraints, constraints on the ranges of 32 dihedral angles based on measurements of vicinal coupling constants, and 54 upper and lower bound constraints associated with nine hydrogen bonds and the three disulfide bonds. The distance geometry interpretation of the NMR data is based on previously published sequence-specific 1H resonance assignments [Montelione et al. (1988) Biochemistry 27, 2235-2243], supplemented here with individual assignments for some side-chain amide, methylene, and isopropyl methyl protons. The molecular architecture of mEGF is the same as that described previously [Montelione et al. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 5226-5230], but the structure is overall more precisely determined by a more extensive set of NMR constraints. Analysis of proton NMR line widths, amide proton exchange rates, and side-chain 3J(H alpha-H beta) coupling constants provides evidence for internal motion in several regions of the mEGF molecule. Because mEGF is one member of a large family of homologous growth factors and protein domains for which X-ray crystal structures are not yet available, the atomic coordinates resulting from the present structure refinement (which we have deposited in the Brookhaven Protein Data Bank) are important data for understanding the structures of EGF-like proteins and for further detailed comparisons of these structures with mEGF.
Protection for Tree-Based EPON-FTTH Architecture Using Combination ACS and OXADM

s: Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) was proposed to overcome the bandwidth bottleneck at the Access Network due to its simplicity, cost effectiveness and wide spread deployment. A failure in access networks can cause serious problem, because access network transmit aggregated high-speed traffic from hundreds of subscribers. Protection and restoration mechanisms have been applied in backbone networks, but access networks are not considered significantly in the scope of survivability. Towards that, this paper describes our recent approach toward advanced customer access network through the development of an access control system (ACS). The ACS focuses on providing survivability through the OXADM restoration scheme against failure by means of dedicated and shared protection that is applied in FTTH-EPON. A next feature is the high speed restoration achieved by automatic re-routing using fiber status monitoring. Each OXADM has a node controller which receives reports on the status periodically from access control system (ACS). When a failure is detected, The ACS will send a command to the related OXADM to be activated. The proposed restoration system is the first in its kind which covers the survivability in the drop section of FTTH access network. The proposed architecture is simulating under two conditions; ideal and product theoretical to prove the system feasibility. Both results show the agreement and supporting each other.
SARCOIDOSIS PRESENTING AS BRAINSTEM ISCHEMIC STROKE

Sarcoidosis is characterized by noncaseating granulomas that involve the nervous system in 5% of patients.1,2 Stroke is uncommon despite small vessel inflammation, but when present, is usually supratentorial and rarely the first symptom of neurosarcoidosis.3 We present two patients with brainstem strokes as the initial manifestation of sarcoidosis. ### Case reports. #### Case 1. A 35-year-old African American man suddenly developed left-sided weakness in September 2001. He had mild hypertension diagnosed 6 months earlier, but no other risk factors. MRI 6 days later demonstrated increased T2 signal and early enhancement in the pons; no diffusion imaging was performed. Stroke evaluation was not performed and he was treated with aspirin and clopidogrel. In July 2002, he developed lethargy and urinary incontinence. MRI without contrast showed communicating hydrocephalus and a shunt was placed; CSF was not examined. Over the next year, the patient required six shunt revisions for presumed idiopathic hydrocephalus. Over the subsequent 2 years, he developed bilateral deafness, ataxia, and memory impairment. Our initial examination in March 2004 revealed a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg, short term memory loss, hearing impairment, and left greater than right spastic hemiparesis. Brain and spine MRI showed encephalomalacia of the mid-pons and leptomeningeal enhancement (figure, A). CSF showed 24 leukocytes/mm …
Atomoxetine for the treatment of executive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: A pilot open‐label study

Executive dysfunction (ED) is a prominent and often disabling feature of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD). Few studies have examined treatments. Given the role of noradrenergic pathology in ED, atomoxetine, a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor indicated for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), may be a potential treatment for PD‐related ED. Twelve patients with PD and disabling ED completed an 8‐week pilot open‐label, flexible dose (25–100 mg/day) trial of atomoxetine. On primary outcome measures, atomoxetine was associated with improved ED based on the Clinical Global Impression‐Change Scale (75% positive response rate; 95% CI: 43–95%, P < 05) and behavioral measures of ED [Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBE) Executive Dysfunction and Connors Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS) inattention/memory subscales]. Adverse effects included sleep and gastrointestinal disturbances and hypomania. Atomoxetine is tolerable in PD and may benefit clinical manifestations of ED, warranting further study in controlled trials. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Some notes on group delay in bandpass filter synthesis

In the conventional synthesis techniques for bandpass filters that usually start from lowpass prototype, the lowpass to bandpass frequency transformation unfortunately causes extra distortion to group delay of bandpass filters finally synthesized. As comparison, a technique to directly synthesize bandpass filters of wide-bandwidth in bandpass domain is simply introduced, whose group delay can be directly adjusted in bandpass domain.
On Using ADALINE Algorithm for Harmonic Estimation and Phase-Synchronization for the Grid-Connected Converters in Smart Grid Applications

The electric power transmission grid has been progressively developed for over a century, from initial design of local dc networks in low-voltage levels to three-phase high voltage ac networks, and finally to modern bulk interconnected networks with various voltage levels and multiple complex electrical components. The development of human society and eco‐ nomic needs is the major driving force the revolution of transmission grids stage-by-stage with the aid of innovative technologies. The current power industry is being modernized and tends to deal with the challenges more proactively by using the state-of-the-art technol‐ ogies in the areas of sensing, communications, control, computing, and information technol‐ ogy. The shift in the development of transmission grids to be more intelligent has been summarized as “smart grid” [see Fig.1].