Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Failure and Reexamination of the Raman Scattering Enhancement Factor Predicted by the Enhanced Local Electric Field in a Silver Nanorod

The Raman scattering of a molecule will be enhanced when it is placed near a metal nanoparticle and the enhancement factor was believed to be proportional to the enhanced local electric field |E|2 at both excitation and scattering wavelengths. The original prediction was derived based on spherical particles but was popularly applied to different configurations. Using electrodynamics theory, we directly calculated the enhancement factor of the Raman scattering at scattering wavelengths when a molecule is placed near a silver nanorod. Contrary to the previous theory, we found that the correlation between the Raman scattering enhancement factor and the enhanced local electric field at scattering wavelengths completely disappeared when different modes of the rod were excited. These two factors can be different from each other by over 50 folds and even show different trends in the studied system. The calculations showed that the Raman scattering enhancement factor cannot be simply predicted using the enhanced .
Fully coupled model for simulating highly nonlinear dynamic behaviors of a bubble near an elastic-plastic thin-walled plate

On the basis of the boundary element method and explicit finite element method, a three-dimensional fully coupled model is developed to investigate the interaction between a bubble and an elastic-plastic thin-walled plate. The model can accurately calculate the bubble loading acting on the plate surface and describe the structural motion coupling with the flow field on two sides of the plate. As a result of the elastic-plastic effects of the thin-walled plate, the bubble displays attractive motion, repulsive motion, or splitting.
Protection Against Radiation-Induced Duox1 and Duox2 Upregulation in Rat's Lung Tissues by a Combination of Curcumin and L-Selenomethionine

Background: It has been proposed that increased levels of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines play a key role in radiation-induced lung injury. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 are two pro-fibrotic cytokines that promote the production of free radicals through stimulation of Duox1 and Duox2. In this experimental study, we aimed to evaluate the expression of IL4Ra1, Duox1, IL13Ra2, and Duox2 genes following rat’s lung irradiation. Objectives: Also, we detected the modulatory effect of a combination of curcumin and L-selenomethionine on the expression of these genes. Methods: Twenty male rats were divided into four groups as G1: control (no treatment or radiation); G2: treatment with a combination of curcumin and L-selenomethionine; G3: radiation; G4: radiation plus a combination of curcumin and L-selenomethionine. sixty-seven days after irradiation, rats were killed for detecting the expression of IL4Ra1, IL13Ra2, Duox1, and Duox2. Results: The results showed no detectable expression for IL13Ra2, while the expression of IL4Ra1, Duox1, and Duox2 was increased. Treatment with a combination of curcumin and L-selenomethionine could attenuate the expression of these genes. Conclusions: This study proposes that upregulation of Duox1 and Duox2 may be involved in radiation-induced lung injury. Treatment with a combination of curcumin and L-selenomethionine may be useful for the mitigation of lung injury through modulation of these genes.
Sentiment analysis of Chinese text based on Elmo-RNN model

Traditional word embedding technologies such as Word2Vec and GloVe can only produce a single semantic vector, and can not get the specific meaning of polysemous words in the text combined with context. To solve this problem, a sentiment analysis model of Chinese text based on Elmo and recurrent neural network is proposed. The model uses Elmo model to learn the pre training corpus, and the BiLSTM network structure in Elmo model makes the word vector generated by Elmo model have context sensitive characteristics, which is more accurate in the expression of polysemous words, and this is not achieved by the traditional word embedding technology. Then, the model uses the recurrent neural network to extract the deep-seated features of the word vector and fuse the features. Finally, the softmax function is used to realize the sentiment classification of text. Experimental results show that Elmo-RNN can effectively improve the accuracy of text sentiment analysis.
General Relativity Testing in Exoplanetary Systems

In this work discuss the possibility of testing GR with a high degree of accuracy by observing the precession of perihelia in extrasolar planetary systems. Two approaches of measuring perihelion precession of exoplanets are considered- the radial velocity (RV) method and the transit method. In RV, the orbital parameters can be determined by fitting the observed RV curve, which is the reflex motion induced by the orbiting planet. In transit, the time separation of primary and secondary transits is observed to examine the precession. However, the secondary transits are generally week and difficult to be observed, with amplitudes usually less than 1ppm. Therefore, RV method is more feasible in this study. Focusing on the RV method, we creatively derive an analytic formula dAr = Ke sinf(ω) dω for evaluating the sensitivity of precession. To demonstrate the detectability, we simulate RV curves for the selected exoplanets and fit the synthetic data. We found that GR effect can be detected in ten years in some promising systems, with an assumption of the host stars being inactive (without any intrinsic noise) and the precision of RV instruments achieving 0.1m/s. Although successful testing of GR in exoplanetary systems depends on ideal situations as stated above, we will be able to verify the GR precession in near future, considering the rapidly increasing population of discovered exoplanets and the improvement in precision of detecting instruments.
Optical modeling of high-performance GaAs based photodetector with periodic right triangular texturization on nanopillar arrays structure

The high spectral responsivity of a photodetector depends upon proficient light absorption. In this respect, surface reflectance possesses a serious threat to the effective light absorption mechanism resulting in poor quantum efficiency. This paper presents an analytical investigation of a GaAs based periodic right triangular cut textured vertical nanopillar structural model deployed over a 50 μm × 50 μm planar front detector’s surface in reducing surface reflectivity. The geometrical analysis of the proposed model exhibits a 99.9% absorbance and 0.85 A W−1 photoresponsivity at 0.8 μm operating wavelength with a mere 0.5 μm depletion width.
P‐8.2: Anti‐occlusion depth estimation method based on multi‐clue fusion for light field image

In light field applications, light field depth estimation is an indispensable part. Numerous methods have b-een developed using a variety of light field features. However, conventional methods fail to handle complica-ted scene with occlusion. To address this problem, we develop a novel method for depth estimation of light field image based on multi-cue fusion, which is more robust to occlusion. The constrained adaptive defocusin-g algorithm and the constrained angular entropy metri-c algorithm, used to calculate defocusing clues and con - sistency clues respectively, are proposed, then, we can obtain the initial depth and confidence of the scene. Using the Canny operator to extract the edge informati-on of the central perspective image and enhance the e - dge contour information of the image. MAP-MRF mo-del is utilized to fuse the initial depth, confidence and edge information of scene and improve the accuracy of the depth map. Experimental results confirm that th-e proposed method is more effective to remedy the iss-ue of occlussion and achieves high-quality depth maps in complicated sceens. The proposed method outperfor-ms the state-of-the-art light field depth estimation met - hods in qualitative and quantitative evaluation. In this paper, light field depth estimation is model-ed on the MAP-MRF framework [1] as follows.
Guided Policy Search Methods: A Review

Guided policy search methods (GPSs) have become important methods in the field of reinforcement learning in recent years. GPSs are a kind of policy search methods that utilize trajectory optimization methods to generate training data, guiding supervised learning. In theoretical research, GPSs combine convex optimization and deep learning, and have achieved fruitful results. In practical applications, they have achieved good results in complex control fields such as robots learning, especially manipulator operations. This paper mainly elaborates the development process and improvement route of GPSs. Firstly, the theoretical knowledge related to the GPSs is introduced. Secondly, the framework and basic methods of GPSs are analyzed; Thirdly, various improved GPSs based on the basic methods are generalized. Finally, the development and future improvement directions of GPSs are summarized, and the problems and future development trends are discussed.
Preparation of acetate peels of valves from the ocean quahog, Arctica islandica, for age determinations

Techniques are described for preparing acetate peels of sectioned valves of ocean quahogs, Arctica islandica, for age determinations. The respective sequence of preparation begins by sectioning left valves oriented to include a single hinge tooth, bleaching to remove the heavy periostracum, embedding the valves in an epoxy resin, grinding and polishing the embedments to a high luster, etching the exposed cut valve surfaces, and applying sheet acetate with acetone. Annuli are clearly defined relative to growth increments in the peel preparations for all sizes and ages of ocean quahogs. (PDF file contains12 pages.)
Scale Adaptive Block Target Tracking Based on Multi-layer Convolution Features and Kernel Correlation Filter

Target tracking is currently a hot research topic in Computer Vision and has a wide range of use in many research fields. However, due to factors such as occlusion, fast motion, blur and scale variation, tracking method still needs to be deeply studied. In this paper, we propose a block target tracking method based on multi-convolutional layer features and Kernel correlation filter. Our method divides the tracking process into two parts: target position estimation and target scale estimation. First, we block the target frame based on the condition number. Second, we extract the features by the convolutional layer and apply it to the kernel correlation filter to get the center position of different block targets. With the reliability of different blocks measured by the Barker coefficient, the overall target position center is obtained. Then, the affine transformation is adopted to achieve the scale adaptation. The algorithm in this paper is evaluated by the public video sequences in OTB-2013. Numerous experimental results demonstrate that the proposed tracking method can achieve target scale adaptation and effectively improve the tracking accuracy.
Managing Organizational performance of pharmaceutical SMEs in Indonesia: Examining the Role of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Organizational Learning in a Mediated Model

Saeed Abbas Shah, Muzafar Hussain Shah, Sheema Matloob and Syed Iradat Abbas, “Organizational performance of pharmaceutical SMEs of Indonesia in light of entrepreneurial orientation: An intervening role organizational learning”, Annals of Contemporary Developments in Management & HR (ACDMHR), Print ISSN: 2632-7686, Online ISSN: 2632-7694, pp. 24-32, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1st February 2021, Published by International Association of Educators and Researchers (IAER), DOI: 10.33166/ACDMHR.2021. 01.003, Available: http://acdmhr.theiaer. org/archive/v3/v3n1/p3.html. Research Article
Cable Connection Optimization for Heterogeneous Offshore Wind Farms via a Voronoi Diagram Based Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization with Local Search

Offshore wind energy, as one of the featured rich renewable energy sources, is getting more and more attention. The cable connection layout has a significant impact on the economic performance of offshore wind farms. To make better use of the wind resources of a given sea area, a new method for optimal construction of offshore wind farms with different types of wind turbines has emerged in recent years. In such a wind farm, the capacities of wind turbines are not identical which brings new challenges for the cable connection layout optimization. In this work, an optimization model named CCLOP is proposed for such wind farms. The model incorporates both the cable capital cost and the cost of power losses associated with the cables in its objective function. To get an optimized result, a Voronoi diagram based adaptive particle swarm optimization with local search is proposed and applied. The simulation results show that the proposed method can help find a solution that is 12.74% outperformed than a benchmark.
Distributed robust synergistic scheduling of electricity, natural gas, heating and cooling systems via alternating direction method of multipliers

Due to the development of multi‐energy conversion technologies and the higher public awareness of the sustainability, the energy system has begun a transition toward the energy hub (EH) based integrated energy system (IES). This paper proposes a distributed robust synergistic scheduling method for multi‐EH‐based IES coupled with electricity, natural gas, heating and cooling, to minimize the operating cost of the IES while considering the uncertainties of renewable generations (RGs) and multi‐energy load demands. The nonconvexity of energy network constraints, uncertainties in multiple EHs as well as limitation of information exchange lead to significant challenges for IES scheduling. To deal these issues, the original robust scheduling model of IES is first reformulated as a mixed integer second‐order cone programming (MISOCP) by convex relaxation method. Furthermore, to improve the economy and flexibility of robust scheduling solution, a light robust model is developed to address the multiple uncertainties from EHs. Finally, a consensus‐based alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) approach is developed to tackle the robust scheduling model in MISOCP form, where EH operators parallelly solve their respective EH subproblems with limited information exchange, and subsequently the EH subproblem in MISOCP form is solved by a nonconvex ADMM (NC‐ADMM) approach to guarantee the convergence of the consensus‐based ADMM. Simulation results in a three‐EH IES are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of proposed method for optimal synergy of multiple EHs with uncertainties.
Justification of chosen values of the weight coefficients of the compaction value for continuous compaction control systems for vibration rollers

The problem of monitoring the compaction of road construction materials in structural construction is currently relevant. The methods of quality control of compaction of road construction materials currently used in Russia during quality inspection do not provide a way to estimate more than 0.1% of the total compaction area. Today there is a wide variety of continuous compaction monitoring systems for vibratory rollers. Such systems allow operators of vibratory rollers to monitor the condition of compacted material in real time, which significantly improves the quality of road construction. The operation of most monitoring systems is based on the compaction index obtained from the analysis of the acceleration spectrum of the vibratory drum. When a new soil compaction monitoring system is only starting to be developed, it is necessary to develop and test in the field a new, more perfect compaction indicator, and to compare it with the existing compaction values. A field research has provided us with signals from vibration acceleration sensors placed on the frame of a vibratory drum and acceleration spectra of the vibratory drum using ZETLAB software made by ETMS. To calculate the proposed indicator, the received data was processed in STATISTICA v.10. The final correlation analysis was performed using the CORREL function found in MS Excel 365 and its financial and scientific data analysis tool. As a result of this correlation analysis, it was found that the proposed Compaction Value has the highest coefficient of linear correlation with the value of the dynamic deformation module Evd in all areas of the field research. In this regard, it can be concluded that using the proposed Compaction Value is reasonable in the development of a new continuous monitoring system for compaction of road-building materials with vibratory rollers.
Assessing bias in total mercury results after removing a subsample from the bottle

ABSTRACT U.S. EPA Method 1631 for total mercury (THg) analysis in water recommends that bromine monochloride (BrCl) be added to the original bottle in which the sample was collected, to draw into solution any Hg that may have adsorbed to the bottle walls. The method also allows for the removal of a subsample of water from the sample bottle for methylmercury (MeHg) analysis prior to adding BrCl. We have demonstrated that the removal of a subsample from the sample bottle prior to THg analysis can result in a positive concentration bias. The proposed mechanism for the bias is that ‘excess’ inorganic Hg, derived from the subsample that was removed from the bottle, adsorbs to the bottle walls and is then drawn into solution when BrCl is added. To test for this bias, we conducted an interlaboratory comparison study in which nine laboratories analysed water samples in fluorinated polyethylene (FLPE) bottles for THg after removing a subsample from the sample bottle, and analysed a replicate sample bottle from which no subsample was removed. We received seven complete data sets, or 63 unique sample pairs. The positive concentration bias between the bottles was significant when comparing all samples in aggregate (1.76 ± 0.53 ng/L after subsample removal, 1.57 ± 0.58 ng/L with no subsample removal, P < 0.05), however when comparing each of the three samples individually, the only significant bias was in the saline sample (Site UJ; 1.51 ± 0.31 ng/L after subsample removal, 1.32 ± 0.47 ng/L with no subsample removal, P < 0.05). Based on the findings presented here, we conclude that water chemistry, volume of water poured off, and the sample storage temperature explain some but not all of the observed bias, and we recommend collecting THg and MeHg samples in separate bottles whenever possible.
The demonstration of reflection-in-action in maritime training

ABSTRACT The literature on simulation-based training highlights the importance of post-simulation debriefings as occasions for student self-reflection. Another central feature of these debriefings, which has not gained the same interest, is how debriefings are used by instructors to demonstrate professional modes of reflection-in-action: how they are used to show the deeply reasoned and skilled practices that characterize professional conduct. Based on video recordings of debriefing sessions in a navigation course for master mariners, this study discusses a case where an instructor demonstrates how navigational rules should be applied in line with good seamanship. With a starting point in the visual representation of the scenario, and by re-enacting the students’ performance, the instructor formulates the problem that the students confronted in the scenario as well as potential solutions. In this way, the students’ attempts to solve the task are explicated in terms of the more general lessons that the scenario was designed to teach. The study concludes by a) discussing the empirical case in relation to Schön’s ‘Educating the Reflective Practitioner’ and b) outlining some implications for educational practice.
Double diffusive convection between two parallel plates with different boundary conditions

We investigate the double diffusive convection between two parallel plates with either no-slip or free-slip boundary conditions. Direct numerical simulations have been conducted systematically for a series of control parameters. Salt fingers can be observed for both boundary conditions and all parameters explored. Compared to the no-slip case, salt fingers are stronger in the free-slip case, which is accompanied by larger salinity flux and flow velocity. For both boundary conditions, thin boundary regions develop adjacent to two plates. The salinity flux and the Reynolds number show similar dependences on the control parameter, namely, the Rayleigh number of the salinity field.
Sexual dichromatism, size dimorphism, and microscale anatomy of white wing stripe in blue tits

Abstract Achromatic patches are a common element of plumage patterns in many bird species and there is growing body of evidence that in many avian taxa they can play a signaling role in mate choice. Although the blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus is a well-established model species in the studies on coloration, its white wing patch has never been examined in the context of sex-specific trait expression. In this exploratory study, we examined sexual size dimorphism and dichromatism of greater covert’s dots creating white wing patch and analyzed its correlations with current body condition and crown coloration—a trait with established role in sexual selection. Further, we qualitatively analyzed microstructural barb morphology underlying covert’s coloration. We found significant sexual dimorphism in the dot size independent of covert size and sexual dichromatism in both white dot and blue outer covert’s vane spectral characteristics. Internal structure of covert barbs within the white dot was similar to the one found in barbs from the blue part that is, with a medullary area consisting of dead keratinocytes containing channel-type ß-keratin spongy nanostructure and centrally located air cavities. However, it lacked melanosomes which was the main observed difference. Importantly, UV chroma of covert’s blue vane was positively correlated with crown UV chroma and current condition (the latter only in males), which should be a premise for further research on the signal function of the wing stripe.
(E)-4-[4-(Di­methyl­amino)­styr­yl]-1-methyl­pyridin-1-ium tetra­kis­[(Z)-4,4,4-tri­fluoro-3-oxo-1-(thio­phen-2-yl)but-1-en-1-olato]gadolinate(III) with an unknown amount of water as solvate

In the complex anion of the title salt, (C16H19N2)[Gd(C8H4F3S)4], the GaIII cation is O,O′-chelated by four anionic 4,4,4-tri­fluoro-3-oxo-1-(thio­phen-2-yl)but-1-en-1-olate ligands in a distorted square-anti­prismatic geometry; the 4-[4-(di­methyl­amino)­styr­yl]-1-methyl­pyridin-1-ium cation is nearly planar, with a dihedral angle of 9.6 (5)° between the planes of the pyridine and benzene rings. In the crystal, the cations are linked with the complex anions via weak C—H⋯F and C—H⋯π inter­actions. Two of the four independent thio­phene rings are disordered over two sites; occupancies were refined to 0.662 (10):0.338 (10). The solvent water mol­ecules are highly disordered in a solvent-accessible void of 54 (3) A3; the diffuse electron densities were removed from the data set using SQUEEZE [Spek (2015). Acta Cryst. C71, 9–16]. These solvent mol­ecules are not considered in the given chemical formula and other crystal data.