Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COMPLETE ENTROPIC INEQUALITIES FOR QUANTUM MARKOV CHAINS

We prove that every GNS-symmetric quantum Markov semigroup on a finite dimensional matrix algebra satisfies a modified log-Sobolev inequality. In the discrete time setting, we prove that every finite dimensional GNS-symmetric quantum channel satisfies a strong data processing inequality with respect to its decoherence free part. Moreover, we establish the first general approximate tensorization property of relative entropy. This extends the famous strong subadditivity of the quantum entropy (SSA) of two subsystems to the general setting of two subalgebras. All the three results are independent of the size of the environment and hence satisfy the tensorization property. They are obtained via a common, conceptually simple method for proving entropic inequalities via spectral or L2-estimates. As applications, we combine our results on the modified log-Sobolev inequality and approximate tensorization to derive bounds for examples of both theoretical and practical relevance, including representation of sub-Laplacians on SU(2) and various classes of local quantum Markov semigroups such as quantum Kac generators and continuous time approximate unitary designs. For the latter, our bounds imply the existence of local continuous time Markovian evolutions on nk qudits forming ε-approximate k-designs in relative entropy for times scaling as Õ(n poly(k)).
HLA-DR Marks Recently Divided Antigen-Specific Effector CD4 T Cells in Active Tuberculosis Patients

Upon Ag encounter, T cells can rapidly divide and form an effector population, which plays an important role in fighting acute infections. In humans, little is known about the molecular markers that distinguish such effector cells from other T cell populations. To address this, we investigated the molecular profile of T cells present in individuals with active tuberculosis (ATB), where we expect Ag encounter and expansion of effector cells to occur at higher frequency in contrast to Mycobacterium tuberculosis–sensitized healthy IGRA+ individuals. We found that the frequency of HLA-DR+ cells was increased in circulating CD4 T cells of ATB patients, and was dominantly expressed in M. tuberculosis Ag–specific CD4 T cells. We tested and confirmed that HLA-DR is a marker of recently divided CD4 T cells upon M. tuberculosis Ag exposure using an in vitro model examining the response of resting memory T cells from healthy IGRA+ to Ags. Thus, HLA-DR marks a CD4 T cell population that can be directly detected ex vivo in human peripheral blood, whose frequency is increased during ATB disease and contains recently divided Ag-specific effector T cells. These findings will facilitate the monitoring and study of disease-specific effector T cell responses in the context of ATB and other infections. Visual Abstract Key Points The frequency of HLA-DR+ CD4 T cells is increased in ATB patients. HLA-DR+ CD4 T cells in ATB encompass tetramer-positive M. tuberculosis–specific cells. HLA-DR marks M. tuberculosis–specific CD4 T cells that have recently proliferated in vitro.
Social media strategies to affect vaccine acceptance: a systematic literature review

ABSTRACT Introduction: Vaccine hesitancy, defined as a delay in the acceptance or the refusal of vaccines despite their availability, is a growing global threat. More individuals are turning to social media for health information, including vaccine information. As such, there is an opportunity to leverage online platforms as a means to disseminate and persuade individuals toward vaccine acceptance. We sought to review literature focused on the influence of exposure to social media content on vaccine acceptance or hesitancy. Areas covered: This review focused on social networking sites (e.g. Facebook) and content communities (e.g. YouTube), to understand how exposure to vaccine information affected vaccine knowledge, attitudes, and intentions/behaviors. We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Inspec. We included English-language materials published from 2004 to 2020 and included interventional studies, observational studies, and impacts of policies. We excluded systematic reviews, protocols, editorials, letters, case reports, case studies, commentaries, opinion pieces, narrative reviews, and clinical guidelines. Expert opinion: Social media interventions to affect vaccine acceptance is a new but growing area of study. How a communication message is framed, who delivers the message, and network structure are critical for affecting the vaccine decision-making process. Social media should be leveraged to impact vaccine uptake.
A Unifying Framework for Human–Agent Collaborative Systems—Part II: Design Procedure and Application

The human–agent collaboration (HAC) is a prospective research topic, whose great applications and future scenarios have attracted vast attention. It is very important to understand the design process of the HAC system (HACS). Inspired by the systematic analysis framework presented in Part I of this dual publication, this article proposes a normalized two-phase procedure, namely, GET-MAN, for the top-level design of HACS from the perspective of system engineering. The two-phase design procedure can produce a coherent and well-running HACS by sophisticatedly and properly determining the six elements of the HACS and their influences. In the verification phase of GET-MAN, by applying the formalized HACS framework proposed in Part I, a formal model can be constructed to look ahead (predict) and back (explain) at potential faults in the candidate HACS. An example of the HACS design for target searching is employed to illustrate the use of the GET-MAN design procedure. The potential challenges and future research directions are discussed in the light of the GET-MAN design procedure. The systematic analysis framework, Part I, as well as the GET-MAN design procedure, Part II, can serve as common guidance and reference for analyzing and developing various HACSs.
Recently photoassimilated carbon and fungus‐delivered nitrogen are spatially correlated in the ectomycorrhizal tissue of Fagus sylvatica

Summary Ectomycorrhizal plants trade plant‐assimilated carbon for soil nutrients with their fungal partners. The underlying mechanisms, however, are not fully understood. Here we investigate the exchange of carbon for nitrogen in the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis of Fagus sylvatica across different spatial scales from the root system to the cellular level. We provided 15N‐labelled nitrogen to mycorrhizal hyphae associated with one half of the root system of young beech trees, while exposing plants to a 13CO2 atmosphere. We analysed the short‐term distribution of 13C and 15N in the root system with isotope‐ratio mass spectrometry, and at the cellular scale within a mycorrhizal root tip with nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS). At the root system scale, plants did not allocate more 13C to root parts that received more 15N. Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging, however, revealed a highly heterogenous, and spatially significantly correlated distribution of 13C and 15N at the cellular scale. Our results indicate that, on a coarse scale, plants do not allocate a larger proportion of photoassimilated C to root parts associated with N‐delivering ectomycorrhizal fungi. Within the ectomycorrhizal tissue, however, recently plant‐assimilated C and fungus‐delivered N were spatially strongly coupled. Here, NanoSIMS visualisation provides an initial insight into the regulation of ectomycorrhizal C and N exchange at the microscale.
Exosomes from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells inhibit ROS production and cell apoptosis in human articular chondrocytes via the miR‐100‐5p/NOX4 axis

Cyclic strain‐induced chondrocyte damage is actively involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and arthritis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) carried by exosomes have been implicated in various diseases. However, the role of miR‐100‐5p in cyclic strain‐induced chondrocyte damage remains to be elucidated. miR‐100‐5p and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) were silenced or overexpressed in human primary articular chondrocytes. PKH‐67 Dye was used to trace exosome endocytosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was monitored using DCFH‐DA. Cell apoptosis was measured using a flow cytometer. Quantitative RT‐PCR and Western blots were used to evaluate gene expression. Cyclic strain promoted ROS production and apoptosis in primary articular chondrocytes in a time‐dependent manner. HucMSCs‐derived exosomal miR‐100‐5p inhibited cyclic strain‐induced ROS production and apoptosis in primary articular chondrocytes. miR‐100‐5p directly targeted NOX4. Overexpressing NOX4 attenuated hucMSCs‐derived exosomes‐mediated protective effects in primary articular chondrocytes. Cyclic strain promotes ROS production and apoptosis in primary articular chondrocytes, which was abolished by hucMSCs‐derived exosomal miR‐100‐5p through its target NOX4. The findings highlight the importance of miR‐100‐5p/NOX4 axis in primary articular chondrocytes injury and provide new insights into therapeutic strategies for articular chondrocytes injury and osteoarthritis.
Spectroscopic study of channel spectra phenomena in the synchrotron-based FTIR spectrometer at the Canadian Light Source

iii Acknowledgements . v Content . vi List of Tables . viii List of Figures . ix List of Acronym Definitions . xiii Chapter 1: Spectroscopic remote sensing of greenhouse gases . 1 1.1: Introduction . 1 1.2: Optical Remote Sensing Techniques . 5 1.3: Vibrational-Rotational Spectroscopy . 7 1.4: Beer’s Law . 16 1.5: Line Shape Functions . 19 1.6: Line Mixing . 24 1.7: Concluding Remarks . 25 Chapter 2: Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy using Synchrotron Sources . 27 2.1: Introduction to FTIR . 27 2.2: Channel Spectra in FTIR Spectroscopy . 28 2.3: Synchrotron Sources for FTIR Spectrometers . 32 2.4: Improvements of Synchrotron Sources . 39 2.5: Experimental Conditions at the Far-IR Beamline at the CLS . 42 2.6: Examples of Synchrotron-FTIR Measurements . 44 2.7: Concluding Remarks . 46 Chapter 3: Channel Spectra Handling Techniques . 48 3.1: Channel Spectra Handling Techniques . 48 3.2: Interferogram Editing Techniques . 49 3.3: Signal Processing Techniques . 51 3.4: Implementing the Handling Techniques . 53 3.5: Testing and Comparing Handling Techniques . 63
Effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after lobectomy due to non-small cell lung cancer - a single-center retrospective study.

INTRODUCTION The procedure of lung parenchyma resection may result in impairment of physical capacity and quality of life. In patients with operable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), lobectomy is an elective procedure. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common coexisting condition in patients with NSCLC. Effectiveness of post-operative pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in patients who underwent lobectomy due to NSCLC and suffering from COPD as compared to individuals without COPD has not been determined yet. The aim of the study was to compare effectiveness of post-operative PR in patients with COPD after lobectomy due to NSCLC (COPD[+] L [+]) with individuals with COPD without lung parenchyma resection (COPD(+) L(-)) and those who underwent lobectomy due to NSCLC and not suffering from COPD (COPD[-] L[+]). MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-seven patients with non-small cell lung cancer (21 patients with and 16 patients without COPD) who underwent lobectomy and 29 subjects with COPD referred to the Lung Diseases Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre in Lodz in 2018-2019 were included in this retrospective analysis. The patients participated in a 3-week inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program which included breathing exercises, physical workout, relaxation exercises, education, psychological support and nutrition consulting. The evaluation included lung function measurements, six-minute walking test (6MWT) and the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score. The results obtained before the rehabilitation were compared to those achieved after the 3-week PR program and compared between the study groups. RESULTS A significant increase in the distance covered during 6MWT was observed in all the three groups studied: COPD(+) L(+) (Δ = 62.52 ± 14.58 m); COPD(-) L(+) (Δ = 73.67 ± 11.58 m); and COPD(+) L(-) (Δ = 59.93 ± 10.02 m) (p < 0.001 for all). Similarly, a statistically and clinically significant improvement in the total SGRQ score was recorded: COPD(+) L(+) ∆ = -12.05 ± 3.96 points; p < 0.05 and COPD(-) L(+) ∆ = -12.30 ± 4.85 points; p < 0.01 and COPD(+) (L-) ∆= -14.07 ± 3.36 points (p < 0.001). No significant differences in the outcome improvement between the study groups were identified. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study show that COPD(+) L(+) patients gained benefits from post-operative PR comparable to COPD(+) L(-) and COPD(-) L(+) subjects by improving their physical capacity and quality of life.
Salt-Inducible Kinase 3 Promotes Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Arterial Restenosis by Regulating AKT and PKA-CREB Signaling

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective: Arterial restenosis is the pathological narrowing of arteries after endovascular procedures, and it is an adverse event that causes patients to experience recurrent occlusive symptoms. Following angioplasty, vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) change their phenotype, migrate, and proliferate, resulting in neointima formation, a hallmark of arterial restenosis. SIKs (salt-inducible kinases) are a subfamily of the AMP-activated protein kinase family that play a critical role in metabolic diseases including hepatic lipogenesis and glucose metabolism. Their role in vascular pathological remodeling, however, has not been explored. In this study, we aimed to understand the role and regulation of SIK3 in vascular SMC migration, proliferation, and neointima formation. Approach and Results: We observed that SIK3 expression was low in contractile aortic SMCs but high in proliferating SMCs. It was also highly induced by growth medium in vitro and in neointimal lesions in vivo. Inactivation of SIKs significantly attenuated vascular SMC proliferation and up-regulated p21CIP1 and p27KIP1. SIK inhibition also suppressed SMC migration and modulated actin polymerization. Importantly, we found that inhibition of SIKs reduced neointima formation and vascular inflammation in a femoral artery wire injury model. In mechanistic studies, we demonstrated that inactivation of SIKs mainly suppressed SMC proliferation by down-regulating AKT (protein kinase B) and PKA (protein kinase A)-CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) signaling. CRTC3 (CREB-regulated transcriptional coactivator 3) signaling likely contributed to SIK inactivation-mediated antiproliferative effects. Conclusions: These findings suggest that SIK3 may play a critical role in regulating SMC proliferation, migration, and arterial restenosis. This study provides insights into SIK inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating restenosis in patients with peripheral arterial disease.
Can China’s industrial policies enhance the green competitiveness of the manufacturing industry?

This study innovatively uses local government regulations related to manufacturing to quantitatively identify industrial policies. The degree of influence and functional mechanism of China’s industrial policies on the green competitiveness of the manufacturing industry are empirically examined using the provincial and regional panel data. Additionally, the synergistic complementary effect between industrial policy power and market forces and the fiscal decentralization’s role in influencing industrial policies are investigated. The results reveal that the promulgation and implementation of industrial policies have significantly promoted the green competitiveness of the manufacturing industry. Regarding functional mechanisms, environmental governance has played a positive role in promoting the green competitiveness of the manufacturing industry supported by industrial policies, resource allocation, and innovation incentives. Meanwhile, industrial policies on green competitiveness in manufacturing depend on marketization and fiscal decentralization in local governments. The above findings demonstrate that the local governments in China, a developing economy, can play the role of development-oriented governments. Based on conforming to market deepening and system optimization, they can formulate and implement industrial policies in a rational manner and achieve green development and upgrade the manufacturing industry.
Dissociations between glucose metabolism and blood oxygenation in the human default mode network revealed by simultaneous PET-fMRI

Significance A consistent finding from functional MRI (fMRI) of externally focused cognitive control is negative signal change in the brain’s default mode network (DMN), but it is unknown whether this reflects an increase of synaptic activity during rest periods or active suppression during task. Using hybrid PET-MRI, we show that task-positive fMRI responses align with increasing glucose metabolism during cognitive control, but task-negative fMRI responses in DMN are not accompanied by corresponding decreases in metabolism. The results are incompatible with an interpretation of task-negative fMRI signal in DMN as a relative metabolic increase during a resting baseline condition. The present results open up avenues for understanding abnormal fMRI activity patterns in DMN in aging and psychiatric disease. The finding of reduced functional MRI (fMRI) activity in the default mode network (DMN) during externally focused cognitive control has been highly influential to our understanding of human brain function. However, these negative fMRI responses, measured as relative decreases in the blood-oxygenation-level–dependent (BOLD) response between rest and task, have also prompted major questions of interpretation. Using hybrid functional positron emission tomography (PET)-MRI, this study shows that task-positive and -negative BOLD responses do not reflect antagonistic patterns of synaptic metabolism. Task-positive BOLD responses in attention and control networks were accompanied by concomitant increases in glucose metabolism during cognitive control, but metabolism in widespread DMN remained high during rest and task despite negative BOLD responses. Dissociations between glucose metabolism and the BOLD response specific to the DMN reveal functional heterogeneity in this network and demonstrate that negative BOLD responses during cognitive control should not be interpreted to reflect relative increases in metabolic activity during rest. Rather, neurovascular coupling underlying BOLD response patterns during rest and task in DMN appears fundamentally different from BOLD responses in other association networks during cognitive control.
A Miniaturized 256-Channel Neural Recording Interface With Area-Efficient Hybrid Integration of Flexible Probes and CMOS Integrated Circuits

We report a miniaturized, minimally invasive high-density neural recording interface that occupies only a 1.53 mm2 footprint for hybrid integration of a flexible probe and a 256-channel integrated circuit chip. To achieve such a compact form factor, we developed a custom flip-chip bonding technique using anisotropic conductive film and analog circuit-under-pad in a tiny pitch of 75 μm. To enhance signal-to-noise ratios, we applied a reference-replica topology that can provide the matched input impedance for signal and reference paths in low-noise aimpliers (LNAs). The analog front-end (AFE) consists of LNAs, buffers, programmable gain amplifiers, 10b ADCs, a reference generator, a digital controller, and serial-peripheral interfaces (SPIs). The AFE consumes 51.92 μW from 1.2 V and 1.8 V supplies in an area of 0.0161 mm2 per channel, implemented in a 180 nm CMOS process. The AFE shows > 60 dB mid-band CMRR, 6.32 μVrms input-referred noise from 0.5 Hz to 10 kHz, and 48 MΩ input impedance at 1 kHz. The fabricated AFE chip was directly flip-chip bonded with a 256-channel flexible polyimide neural probe and assembled in a tiny head-stage PCB. Full functionalities of the fabricated 256-channel interface were validated in both in vitro and in vivo experiments, demonstrating the presented hybrid neural recording interface is suitable for various neuroscience studies in the quest of large scale, miniaturized recording systems.
COVID 19 fear impact on Israeli and Russian female student mental health, substance use and resilience

aregional alcohol and Drug abuse research Center, Ben Gurion University of the negev, Beer Sheva, Israel; bDepartment of Social Psychology, moscow State University of Psychology and education, moscow, russia; cDepartment of General Psychology, Penza State University, Penza, russia; dDepartment of management and entrepreneurship, Kazan national research technological University, Kazan, russia; eDepartment of Psychology, Pacific State University, Khabarovsk, russia; fDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Smolensk State medical University, Smolensk, russia
Functional assessment of cancer therapy questionnaire for melanoma in the Serbian population: A factor analytic approach

The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Functional Assessment Cancer Therapy—Melanoma (FACT-M) questionnaire in the Serbian language. The FACT-M was translated into Serbian using the standard methodology after obtaining the licence from the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) translation project team. This version of FACT-M was distributed to a cohort of consecutive patients with histologically confirmed high-risk skin melanoma treated at the tertiary referral center. To examine construct validity of the FACT-M in Serbian, we performed exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The FACT-General (FACT-G) did not fit the original 4-domain structure. Instead, we accepted a 7-domain structure which, aside from physical, emotional, social and functional well-being, had domains of ‘friends’ support’, ‘illness acceptance’ and ‘fear of death’. Melanoma scale (MS) and Melanoma surgery scale (MSS) did not fit the original one-dimensional structure. The MS was observed to have 4 domains: ‘pain’, ‘skin problems’, ‘abdominal metastases’ and ‘other problems’. The MSS was observed to have 2 domains: ‘having symptoms’ and ‘no symptoms’. It is suggested that the FACT-M questionnaire is analyzed using the newly extracted domains to examine quality of life of people with high-risk melanoma in Serbia.
What does the SRS-22 outcome measure tell us about spinal deformity surgery for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis in the UK?

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to analyse SRS-22 outcomes measures recorded on the British Spine Registry (BSR) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery in the UK. METHODS All cases having completed an SRS-22 outcome score and labelled with a diagnosis code of 'AIS' on the BSR were analysed. The SRS-22 score for primary cases was analysed by both individual domains and as a total score over time following surgery. RESULTS A total of 3,860 cases were labelled as AIS recorded from 3,481 individuals. For primary cases, surgery improved the SRS-22 scores in every domain and as a total score, and this was maintained over time. There was no significant change in the scores recorded between 1 and 2 years of follow up apart from in function (and thus total score) for primary cases. CONCLUSIONS Surgery for AIS in the UK improves quality of life assessed using SRS-22. Mandatory follow up to 2 years postoperatively adds little information not already known at 1 year. We recommend that the Best Practice Tariff incorporates the collection of outcomes data as this is likely to reduce missing data.