Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Encyclopedia of Measurement and Statistics

SAGE Reference is proud to announce the Encyclopedia of Measurements and Statistics. In fields as varying as education, politics and health care, assessment and the use of measurement and statistics have become an integral part of almost every activity undertaken. These activities require the organization of ideas, the generation of hypotheses, the collection of data and the interpretation, illustration and analysis of data. No matter where we look, this critical analysis is more important than ever in an age where information - and lots of it - is readily available. The average consumer must know what a 'median' is or what the connotations of the term 'significant' are when intelligently reading The Times, Science News or a tabloid. Likewise, students, practitioners and researchers must grapple with sophisticated terms and techniques when conducting research, writing proposals and analyzing data. The terms themselves have proven to be anxiety-provoking. The Encyclopedia of Measurement and Statistics, in two-volumes, presents state-of-the-art information and ready-to-use facts from the fields of measurement and statistics in a non-intimidating and accessible style.The Encyclopedia is specifically written to appeal to undergraduate students as well as practitioners, researchers and consumers of information. Whilst there are reference works covering statistics and assessment in depth, none provide as comprehensive a resource in as focused and approachable a manner as this encyclopedia. Key themes include: - biographies; - charts, graphs and visual displays; - computer topics and tools; - concepts and issues in measurement; - concepts and issues in statistics; - data and data reduction techniques; - descriptive statistics; - evaluation; - experimental methods; - inferential statistics; - organizations and publications; - predictions and estimations; - probability; - qualitative methods; - samples, sampling and distribution; - statistical techniques; - statistical tests; - tests by name.Key features include: - coverage of every major facet of these two different, but highly integrated disciplines with reference to mean, mode and median; reliability, validity, significance and correlation without overwhelming the informed reader; - cross-disciplinary coverage, with contributions from and applications to the fields of: psychology; education; sociology; human development; political science; business and management; and public health; - cross-referenced terms, a list of further readings and Website URLs after each entry, as well as an extensive set of appendices and an annotated list of organizations relevant to measurement and statistics. Appendices: - Appendix A is a guide to basic statistics for those readers who require an instructional step-by-step presentation of basic concepts in statistics and measurement; - Appendix B is a table of critical values used in hypothesis testing and an important part of any reference in this area; - Appendix C represents a collection of some most important and useful measurement and statistics Websites.
An Inviscid Computational Method for Supersonic Inlets.

Abstract : An extension to the SWINT code is described which permits inviscid calculations to be performed on the supersonic portion of inlet flow fields. Also described is an interface program which rezones the external flow field applied to several examples. A listing of the extension to SWINT and the interface program are provided in the Appendices along with a set of user instructions and a sample case. (Author)
Multiple semiotic systems, hyperpolysemy, and the reconstruction of semantic change in Australian languages

Another rather frequent development of this kind is the vannak, akik . or vanndk meg, dkik . 'there are / still / people, who . ', phrases. The function of this type of anonymous reference was to intimidate hearers or readers, and wa� usually followed by a condenmation or anathema. The past tense 6f a verb, used in the function of the present perfect in English, could have a euphemistic meaning, e.g. A part elvesztette a tomegek bizalmat 'The party /has/ lost the confidence of the masses'. It suggests that the party lost something that it never really had. Another exampl� of euphemism is the emergence of the idiom nak(z­ ja 'his of, possessive suffix + 3rd person singular possessi�e. sutn:'. What is a normal possibility in a Western democracy was a pnvilege m Eastern socialism. bne could rent a flat, lease a piece of land, or buy a certain piece of equipmeni, only if one was a friend or a relative "of' a party leader, "of' a, manager, "of' a shop assistant, so that this sarcastic nakaja was coin,ed in colloquial Hungarian, becanse officially corruption did not -exist in a socialist society. Hungarian lingUists have considered such deviations as offences against the very nature and essence of the Hungarian language.5 Count Szechenyi, often cited as "The greatest Hungarian", has been frequently quoted: "The nation lives in her language". This attitude reflects one of the main reasons I for the rigid anticommunism of the majoritiy of Hungarians today. ',
Bayesian Hierarchical Predictive Coding of Human Social Behaviour

‘Bayesian hierarchical predictive coding of human social behaviour. ’ Biological agents are the most complex systems humans encounter in their natural environment and it is critical to model other’s mental states correctly to predict their behaviour. To do this one has to generate a mental representation based on an internal neural model of the other agent (Chapter 1). Here we show, in a series experiments, that people use and update their Bayesian priors in social situations and explain how they create mental representations of others to guide action selection. We investigate the neural mechanisms and the brain connectivity that underlie these social processes and how they develop with age. In chapter 2, we show how experimentally induced prior experience with other people (here social inclusion or exclusion) influences the level of trust towards those people. In chapter 3, we describe an fMRI study using a social perspective-taking task that examines the developmental differences between adolescents and adults in the control of action selection by social information. Using the same task, in chapter 4, we investigate the effective connectivity between the activated regions with Dynamic causal modelling. In Chapter 5, we explore effective connectivity of fMRI data from the Human connectome project (Van Essen et al., 2012). During the task participants viewed animations of triangles moving either randomly or so that they evoke mental state attribution (Castelli et al., 2000). Chapter 6 concludes with a summary of the experiments and integrate them into existing research, as well as provide a critical synthesis of the findings in order to suggest future research directions. We interpret our findings in a hierarchical predictive coding framework, where agents try to create a neural model of the external world to minimize prediction errors, Bayesian surprise and free energy.
CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits Analysis and Design

CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits: Analysis and Design is the most complete book on the market for CMOS circuits. Appropriate for electrical engineering and computer science, this book starts with CMOS processing, and then covers MOS transistor models, basic CMOS gates, interconnect effects, dynamic circuits, memory circuits, BiCMOS circuits, I/O circuits, VLSI design methodologies, low-power design techniques, design for manufacturability and design for testability. This book provides rigorous treatment of basic design concepts with detailed examples. It typically addresses both the computer-aided analysis issues and the design issues for most of the circuit examples. Numerous SPICE simulation results are also provided for illustration of basic concepts. Through rigorous analysis of CMOS circuits in this text, students will be able to learn the fundamentals of CMOS VLSI design, which is the driving force behind the development of advanced computer hardware. Table of contents 1 Introduction 2 Fabrication of MOSFETS 3 MOS Transistor 4 Modeling of MOS Transistors Using SPICE 5 MOS Inverters: Static Characteristics 6 MOS Inverters: Switching Characteristics and Interconnect Effects 7 Combinational MOS Logic Circuits 8 Sequential MOS Logic Circuits 9 Dynamic Logic Circuits 10 Semiconductor Memories 11 Low-Power CMOS Logic Circuits 12 BiCMOS Logic Circuits 13 Chip Input and Output (I/O) Circuits 14 Design for Manufacturability 15 Design for Testability
Globuloverruca spongophila gen. nov., sp. nov. a sponge-associated verrucid (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) from Easter Island, with discussion on the morphology of the plate tubules

Globuloverruca spongophila gen. nov., sp. nov., associated with sponges, is described from Easter Island, southeastern Pacific. It presents morphological adaptations related to the association including an elongated carina and rostrum and the presence of denticles and stout setae on the distal articles of anterior cirri. The presence of tubules in the plates of Verruca and Globuloverruca is discussed.
Key Management In Distributed Systems

We developed a cryptographic key management system for distributed networks. Our system handles every aspect of key management, including the key lifecycle, key distribution, access control, and cryptographic algorithm agility. Our software client accesses keys and other metadata stored in a distributed repository. Our system hides all key management tasks from the user; the user specifies a key management policy and our system enforces this policy. Clients perform key management tasks whenever the end user accesses keys to protect or retrieve data; there are no scheduled processes or network listeners. The repository does not need to perform any additional tasks beyond its normal course of operation: storing, servicing, and replicating data. While our system can work with a generic repository, our repository implementation is based on Microsoft Active Directory. Our system prevents data loss even if the underlying repository does not ensure consistency/atomic operations.
Summary of Results for First 3 Lectures

A copying apparatus is provided with a microprocessor having a memory storing programs for executing various diagnostic modes. When a combination check mode is designated by an operator selecting a combination of keys on the ten keys of a keyboard, the microprocessor causes two driving elements to operate, e.g., a motor for rotating a photoconductive drum and a clutch for moving a cleaning blade, both specified by the combination mode, the microprocessor then checking the combined operation of the motor and clutch.
Effectiveness of Combined Features for Machine Learning Based Question Classification (自然言語処理特集号「質疑応答,自動要約」)

Question classification is of crucial importance for question answering.In question classification, the accuracy of ML algorithms was found to significantly outperform other approaches.The two key issues in classification with a ML-based approach are classifier design and feature selection.Support Vector Machines is known to work well for sparse, high dimensional problems.However, the frequently used Bag-of-Words approach does not take full advantage of information contained in a question.To exploit this information we introduce three new feature types: Subordinate Word Category, Question Focus and Syntactic-Semantic Structure.As the results demonstrate, the inclusion of the new features provides higher accuracy of question classification compared to the standard Bag-of-Words approach and other ML based methods such as SVM with the Tree Kernel, SVM with Error Correcting Codes and SNoW.A classification accuracy of 85.6 % obtained using the three introduced feature types is, as of yet the highest reported in the literature, bringing error reduction of 27% compared to the Bag-of-Words approach.
Partition of 3D digitized data for CAD modelling

Dans cet article, nous proposons une methode de positionnement de donnees issues de numerisation d'objet 3D. La methode est basee sur la reconnaissance des contours 3D de la forme a partir de l'ensemble des points initial. L'extraction des coutours est obtenue par extraction de points caracteristiques de la geometrie de l'objet. Les lignes de contour sont ensuite construites a partir des points caracteristiques jusqu'a ce qu'elles definissent des contours fermes. A chaque contour est associee la frontiere d'un ensemble de points facilement modelisable par un modele CAO.
Checking Temporal Relations between Multiple Objects

Abstract : Software frameworks contain constraints with unusual properties. The constraints frequently span multiple objects and classes, and they change according to the current context. Additionally, they may not be enforced at the same point where they were specified or broken, thus causing unexpected runtime errors. This paper describes a lightweight specification system to describe multi- object temporal constraints. It also provides a detailed description of a static analysis to check that the constraints are not broken. The implementation of the analysis is used to check example plug-ins from the ASP.NET and Eclipse frameworks.
Applicability of Visual Analytics to Defence and Security Operations

Abstract : In the context of modern defence and security operations, analysts are faced with a continuously growing set of information of different nature which causes significant information overload problems and prevent developing good situation awareness. Fortunately, Visual Analytics (VA) has emerged as an efficient way of handling and making sense of massive data sets by exploiting interactive visualization technologies and human cognitive abilities. Defence R&D Canada has conducted a review of the applicability of VA to support military and security operations. This paper is meant to provide someone new to this area with a quick overview of the current state of the art in visual analytics. First, we introduce the important scientific visualization, interaction and reasoning concepts supporting VA. Then, we present some visual analytics advanced techniques. The VA requirements are described for four application domains: maritime domain awareness, military intelligence analysis, cyber security and emergency management, along with promising research projects and commercial software. Finally, we identify key organizations and initiatives in this research field and relevant resources.
Basic Japanese grammar = ハンディ日本語文法

Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｏｒｙ Ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌ Ｎｏｕｎｓ Ｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌ Ｐｒｏｎｏｕｎｓ Ｕｓｉｎｇ Ｎｏｕｎｓ ａｎｄ Ｐｒｏｎｏｕｎｓ ｉｎ Ｓｅｎｔｅｎｃｅｓ Ｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓ Ｅｑｕｉｖａｌｅｎｔ ｔｏ Ｐｒｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｓ，Ａｄｖｅｒｂｓ，Ｃｏｎｊｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓ Ｗｏｒｄｓ ｏｆ Ｄｅｍｏｎｓｔｒａｔｉｏｎ Ｖｅｒｂｓ． Ａｄｊｅｃｔｉｖｅｓ Ａｄｖｅｒｂｓ Ｖｅｒｂ Ｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｓ ａｎｄ Ａｄｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ Ｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｓ〔ほか〕
Using object-Z to compare the MVC and PAC architectures

Object-oriented architectures for Graphical User Interfaces (GUI's) model the interface as a composition of interacting objects which each present an internal state to the user and provide operations on that state. Two such architectures are Model-View-Controller (MVC) and Presentation-Abstraction-Control (PAC). We use Object-Z to describe examples of the MVC and PAC architectures. We compare the characteristics of the architectures and consider the efficacy of Object-Z as a tool for modelling user-interface architectures.
Implementation and Evaluation of Image Retrieval Method Utilizing Geographic Location Metadata

Multimedia retrieval systems are very important today with millions of content creators all over the world generating huge multimedia archives. Recent developments allows for content based image and video retrieval. These methods are often quite slow, especially if applied on a library of millions of media items. In this research a novel image retrieval method is proposed, which utilizes spatial metadata on images. By finding clusters of images based on their geographic location, the spatial metadata, and combining this information with existing content- based image retrieval algorithms, the proposed method enables efficient presentation of high quality image retrieval results to system users. Clustering methods considered include Vector Quantization, Vector Quantization LBG and DBSCAN. Clustering was performed on three different similarity measures; spatial metadata, histogram similarity or texture similarity. For histogram similarity there are many different distance metrics to use when comparing histograms. Euclidean, Quadratic Form and Earth Mover’s Distance was studied. As well as three different color spaces; RGB, HSV and CIE Lab.
Yinka Shonibare MBE's Critiques of Empire and His Reception in Four Transnational Case Studies

In the wake of art history’s “global turn”, the installation art of Yinka Shonibare MBE has obtained vast visibility in the established centers of contemporary cultural practice in Europe and beyond. Shonibare is best known for his tableau vivant installations of mannequins that reenact canonized paintings and historical events culled from European modernity. Dressed in deceptively “African” Dutch Wax fabrics, Shonibare’s phenotypically ambiguous and headless mannequins ensnare audiences with a semblance of “exotic” difference, but ultimately resist the fixity of national, cultural, racial and, in some cases, gendered categorization through an incessant semiotic slippage. In his book, The Culture Game (2001), Olu Oguibe singled out Shonibare for having successfully subverted the desires and machinations of a pluralist contemporary art world, which grants black artists visibility on the condition that they perform their cultural/racial difference in relation to an unmarked, white center. My dissertation scrutinizes interpretations that ascribe an a priori subversive effect to Shonibare’s work. I provide four transnational case studies that examine how his installations challenged hegemonic notions of nationhood, Empire, difference and differentiation on London’s Trafalgar Square in England; at the Berlin National Gallery in Germany; at the Musée du Quai Branly in Paris, France; and in a public park in Lagos, Nigeria. I contend that the historically different racisms and conceptions of Empire in England, France, and Germany, and the experience of colonialism in Nigeria, have resulted in distinct solutions to questions of postcolonial nationhood, multiculturalism, and cultural differentiation today, that must be taken into consideration when evaluating the critical potential of Shonibare’s “unbound” work. My historically and geographically situated, transnational case studies of Shonibare’s institutional framing and reception seek to refine Okwui Enwezor’s conception of contemporary art as a “deterritorialized” field, by demonstrating how Shonibare’s “unbound” work is variably “reterritorialized” in the locations where he becomes “visible. ”
Hardware implementation of digital signal processing algorithms for long distance pipeline inspections

Inspections on transmission pipelines in the petrochemical industry are regularly conducted in order to guarantee safety of operations. Inspection devices are sent through the lines to record sensor data, this data needs to be post-processed in order to be able to make an analysis on the state of the pipeline. In this thesis, existing software implementations of post-processing algorithms are taken and implemented in VHDL code. This code is synthesizable for implementation in a field programmable gate array (FPGA). Goal is to reduce the time require for post-processing. A test environment is implemented which is able to feed data to the FPGA and receive the processed data back. This environment consists of a Linux PC, which communicates in DMA mode over the PCI-Express bus to the FPGA. The test environment is functional, it shows a performance increase of eight to fourteen times compared to the software implementation. A proposal is made for speeding this up even more, by using concurrent processing on multiple processing nodes.
MGRASP and MSAL Algorithms for Centralized Traffic Management of Large Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper concerns a hop and degree constrained minimum spanning forest problem with the minimization of the number of trees (HDMSFMT). HDMSFMT arises during the calculation of the shortest paths in large wireless sensor networks (LWSNs) with centralized traffic management. This is a bi-criteria optimization problem, which is shown in this paper to be NP-hard. We formulate the HDMSFMT problem using formal mathematical notations. Two efficient heuristic algorithms for HDMSFMT are proposed and compared, namely Multi-objective Simulated Allocation (MSAL) and Multi-objective Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure (MGRASP). Numerical examples show that it is possible to achieve a set of feasible and satisfactory results for a wide range of graphs’ types.
Proceedings of the 2002 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work

One of the reasons we continue to find the CSCW conference so intellectually satisfying is the convergence of disciplines and outlooks it embodies. The conference brings together those who study and design group and organizational and community practices with those who study and design technologies intended to support group and organizational and community practices. The CSCW 2002 papers continue that tradition, with contributions from the behavioral, technical and design disciplines in a broad range of application areas.Members of the papers committee, both the 25 associate chairs and the over 100 reviewers, deserve tremendous thanks for the hours that they donated to evaluating submissions and shaping the papers portion of the technical program. Under tight time constraints, each of the 193 submissions was evaluated by at least three reviewers and one associate chair. All told, they wrote over 775 evaluations, attempting to judge whether submissions had sufficient quality and breadth to warrant presentation to the diverse CSCW audience, and to provide helpful comments to the authors. From the 193 papers submitted for CSCW 2002, we accepted 39. The papers are drawn from an international community of researchers and represent a mix of technical and social and design aspects of the field. The embrace a range of methodologies and technical approaches and provide a snapshot the diverse set of activities of the international CSCW community.
Motion Planning using Potential Fields

The objective of these notes is to describe a reactive approach to motion planning for mobile robots. In a reactive approach, trajectories are not planned explicitly. Rather, robot interactions are defined explicitly and the robot motion is said to “emerge. ” The drawback of reactive methods is that it is sometimes difficult to get the robot to do exactly what you want. The reactive approach that will be described in these notes is called the “virtual fields” method and is commonly used in robotics. The basic idea is to set up a virtual potential or force field which is defined by the location of objects, walls, other robots, the robot of interest, etc. The robot then responds locally to the field. Accordingly, there are two key elements: