Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Türkiye’de Mesleki İtibar: Dönüşen Çalışma Hayatı ve Mesleklerin Sosyal Konumu

Occupation is central to the study and understanding of modern society. Today, it is possible to deal with many social problems, such as education, ABSTRACT Sociological research on occupations and professions in Turkey is in its infancy. It is not possible to find consistent and continuous data about occupations in nationwide surveys by relevant institutions such as TURKSTAT, Ministry of Labor, and SGK. On the other hand, data on the occupational struc ture of working life in Turkey is not fully available. Also, we do not have sufficient, standard, traceable, and reliable data regarding the components of professions, such as average earnings, education, gender, and age. Besides, professional associations and chambers do not have sufficient information and data about the relevant occupations. Despite an increase in qualitative research in recent years, the literature is not enough to feed new analysis. is based on quantitative research conducted within the representative sample this research, the occupational prestige was in been renewed. paper, analyzing the determinants and factors of occupational prestige in Turkey. On the other one of the main focuses of the paper is to discuss the change in prestige scores of occupations in the context of business and working life. As a result, to build a set of indicators for occupational and professional life, will be the main
Impacts of an invasive plant on primary production: Testing a functional trait‐based framework with a greenhouse experiment

Questions Predicting when invasive species will affect ecosystem functioning remains problematic, with strong contingency upon both the invasive species and the recipient community's identities. Adopting a functional trait-based approach might overcome this context-dependence. As an early exploration of this approach, we used a greenhouse experiment to assess the potential invasion effects on community trait composition and biomass production. Location We introduced seeds of the invasive plant Impatiens glandulifera from three distant European origins, namely northern France (50.1 °N 2.0 °E), southern Sweden (55.9 °N 12.9 °E) and central Norway (63.5 °N 10.9 °E) to transplanted vegetation turves from the Trondheim area in central Norway. Methods At the end of the greenhouse experiment, we measured plant height, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and standing biomass of both the invasive plant and the turf communities. With this data we evaluated invasion effects on community trait composition and standing biomass (as a first test of ecosystem function effects), including its dependence on invasive species origin and recipient community composition. Results Invasion by I. glandulifera introduced divergent trait values (high plant height and SLA, low LDMC) to the recipient community. The trait set of both the invader and, to a lesser extent, the community were altered following invasion, seemingly driven by increased light competition. Competitive and graminoid-dominated communities showed stronger changes in LDMC following invasion. Functional traits of both the communities and the invasive species helped explain the increase in standing biomass. Southern invader plants more strongly affected the recipient community than their northern counterparts, resulting in stronger biomass reduction of the recipient community. Conclusions This study shows how invasion induced increases in productivity are effectuated through both the introduction of different invader traits and shifts in the co-occurring species trait set, illustrating the potential of a functional trait-based approach. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Evolution of the Oceanic Lithosphere in the Equatorial Atlantic From Rayleigh Wave Tomography, Evidence for Small‐Scale Convection From the PI‐LAB Experiment

The oceanic lithosphere is a primary component of the plate tectonic system, yet its evolution and its asthenospheric interaction have rarely been quantified by in situ imaging at slow spreading systems. We use Rayleigh wave tomography from noise and teleseismic surface waves to image the shear wave velocity structure of the oceanic lithosphere‐asthenosphere system from 0 to 80 My at the equatorial Mid‐Atlantic Ridge using data from the Passive Imaging of the Lithosphere‐Asthenosphere Boundary (PI‐LAB) experiment. We observe fast lithosphere (VSV > 4.4 km/s) that thickens from 20–30 km near the ridge axis to ~70 km at seafloor >60 My. We observe several punctuated slow velocity anomalies (VSV < 4.1 km/s) in the asthenosphere between 50 and 150 km depth, not necessarily focused beneath the ridge axis. Some of the slow velocity regions are located within 100 km of the ridge axis, but other slow velocity regions are observed at distances > 400 km from the ridge. We observe a high velocity lithospheric downwelling drip beneath 30 My seafloor that extends to 80–130 km depth. The asthenospheric slow velocities likely require partial melt. Although melt is present off axis, the lack of off‐axis volcanism suggests the lithosphere acts as a permeability boundary for deeper melts. The punctuated and off‐axis character of the asthenospheric anomalies and lithospheric drip suggests small‐scale convection is active at a range of seafloor ages. Small‐scale convection and/or more complex mantle flow may be aided by the presence of large offset fracture zones and/or the presence of melt and its associated low‐viscosities and enhanced buoyancies.
Characterizing the Liquid-liquid Phase Co-existence in Biomembrane: Insights from Local Non-affine Deformation and Topological Rearrangements

Lateral heterogeneities in biomembranes play a crucial role in various physiological functions of the cell. Such heterogeneities lead to demixing of lipid constituents and formation of distinct liquid domains in the membrane. We study lateral heterogeneities in terms of topological rearrangements of lipids to identify the liquid-liquid phase co-existence in model membranes. By quantifying the degree of non-affine deformation associated with individual lipid, we are able to characterize the liquid ordered (L o ) and liquid disordered (L d ) phases in model lipid bilayers, without any prior knowledge about the chemical identity of the lipids. We explore the usage of this method on all atom and coarse-grained lipid bilayer trajectories. This method is helpful in defining the instantaneous L o -L d domain boundaries in complex multi-component bilayer systems. The characterization is also used to highlight the effect of line-active molecules on the phase boundaries and domain mixing. Overall, we propose a framework to explore the molecular origin of spatial and dynamical heterogeneity in biomembrane systems, which can be exploited not only in computer simulations but also in experiments.
A Continuous Time Representation of smFRET for the Extraction of Rapid Kinetics

Our goal is to learn kinetic rates from single molecule FRET (smFRET) data even if these exceed the data acquisition rate. To achieve this, we develop a variant of our recently proposed hidden Markov jump process (HMJP) with which we learn transition kinetics from parallel measurements in donor and acceptor channels. Our HMJP generalizes the hidden Markov model (HMM) paradigm in two critical ways: (1) it deals with physical smFRET systems as they switch between conformational states in continuous time; (2) it estimates the transition rates between conformational states directly without having recourse to transition probabilities or assuming slow dynamics (as is necessary of the HMM). Our continuous time treatment learns transition kinetics and photon emission rates for dynamical regimes inaccessible to the HMM which treats system kinetics in discrete time. We validate the robustness of our framework on simulated data and demonstrate its performance on experimental data from FRET labeled Holliday junctions.
THE PROTEOMIC RESPONSES OF GILL TISSUE IN TIDALLY AND SUBTIDALLY-ACCLIMATED MUSSEL CONGENERS (MYTILUS TROSSULUS AND MYTILUS GALLOPROVINCIALIS) TO ACUTE AERIAL-EMERSION HYPOXIA

The intertidal zone is a habitat that is located between terrestrial and marine environments and is characterized by both a diurnal and tidal cycle exposing organisms to alternating periods of high tide and low tide. These alternating tides can expose organisms to a wide variety of environmental stressors. One such stressor is prolonged hypoxic conditions during aerial emersion (low tide) which is typically experienced by sessile organisms such as intertidal mussels. Understanding how these organisms can respond to stressors can reveal insights into the nature of the cellular stress response of marine invertebrates. This information is invaluable for future studies that look into the effects of the ever changing climate of the planet. Furthermore, studying closely related congeners can also reveal the ‘winners’ and ‘losers’ that will result due to the changes in the global climate that are occurring. The closely related Mytilus congeners M. trossulus and M. galloprovincialis can provide insights into the cellular stress response as well as reveal mechanisms of invasive species. M. galloprovincialis, a heat-tolerant and lowsalinity sensitive congener, originated in the Mediterranean but has been slowly taking over the Pacific Western coast of the United States since its introduction in the early 20 th century. Its invasion is also displacing the native heat-sensitive, low-salinity tolerant M. trossulus. We acclimated both species to subtidal (constant emersion) and intertidal (6 h low: 6 h high tide) conditions for three weeks before exposing animals to zero, six, twelve, and 24 h of aerial-induced hypoxia while also running a control under acclimation conditions. It is presumed that differences may depend on the recent tidal history of the animals. Changes in protein abundance in gill tissue collected during the
Cyanobacteria and microcystin contamination in untreated and treated drinking water in Ghana

Although cyanobacterial blooms and cyanotoxins represent a worldwide-occurring phenomenon, there are large differences among different countries in cyanotoxin-related human health risk assessment, management practices and policies. While national standards, guideline values and detailed regulatory frameworks for effective management of cyanotoxin risks have been implemented in many industrialized countries, the extent of cyanobacteria occurrence and cyanotoxin contamination in certain geographical regions is under-reported and not very well understood. Such regions include major parts of tropical West and Central Africa, a region constisting of more than 25 countries occupying an area of 12 million km 2 , with a total population of 500 milion people. Only few studies focusing on cyanotoxin occurrence in this region have been published so far, and reports dealing specifically with cyanotoxin contamination in drinking water are extremely scarce. In this study, we report seasonal data on cyanobacteria and microcystin (MC) contamination in drinking water reservoirs and adjacent treatment plants located in Ghana, West Africa. During January-June 2005, concentrations of MCs were monitored in four treatment plants supplying drinking water to major metropolitan areas in Ghana: the treatment plants Barekese and Owabi, which serve Kumasi Metropolitan Area, and the plants Kpong and Weija, providing water for Accra-Tema Metropolitan Area. HPLC analyses showed that 65% samples of raw water at the intake of the treatment plants contained intracellular MCs (maximal detected concentration was 8.73 µg L -1 ), whereas dissolved toxins were detected in 33% of the samples. Significant reduction of cyanobacterial cell counts and MC concentrations was achieved during the entire monitoring period by the applied conventional water treatment methods (alum flocculation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration and chlorination), and MC concentration in the final treated water never exceeded 1 µg L -1 (WHO guideline limit for MCs in drinking water). However, cyanobacterial cells (93-3,055 cell mL -1 ) were frequently found in the final treated water and intracellular MCs were detected in 17% of the samples (maximal concentration 0.61 µg L -1 ), while dissolved MCs were present in 14% of the final treated water samples (maximal concentration 0.81 µg L -1 ). It indicates a borderline efficiency of the water treatment, thus MC concentrations in drinking water might exceed the WHO guideline limit if the treatment efficiency gets compromised. In addition, MC concentrations found in the raw water intake might represent significant human health risks for people living in areas with only a limited access to the treated or underground drinking water.
How does the shape and surface energy of pores affect the adsorption of nanoconfined fluids?

Funding information Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Grant/Award Numbers: EP/E016340, EP/J014958, EP/P020194, EP/G036888/1 Abstract We report a systematic molecular simulation study of the behavior of Lennard–Jones fluids inside nanopores of diverse shapes, focusing on the effect that the pore geometry and the local energetic environment have on the adsorption isotherms. Infinitely long pores with polygon (triangle, square, pentagon, hexagon, octagon, decagon, and circle) cross sections are considered. Three different pore sizes commensurate with the molecular diameters along with three different values of fluid–solid energy interactions are chosen to perform Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations at a subcritical temperature. Overall, the effect of nanoconfinement on the adsorption of fluids is seen to be a delicate balance between the geometric packing restrictions imposed by the hard cores of the molecules and the surfaces, the excess adsorption induced by the presence (or absence) of energetically favored “hot spots” and the overall ratio of surface/bulk fluid volume present in the pore.
Social parasitism and transfer of symbiotic bacteria in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

The lack of phylogenetic congruence between endosymbionts and their hosts suggests that horizontal transmission of endosymbionts has occurred between species. However, the mechanisms of lateral transfer are largely unclear. Since successful transmission of infection most probably occurs when genetic distance between species is small, social parasitism between closely related species has been suggested to offer an important mechanism for interspecies transfer of Wolbachia . We compared the Wolbachia , Spiroplasma and Entomoplasma infections of the social parasite Formica sanguinea L ATREILLE , 1798 and its Serviformica hosts to find out if horizontal transmission has occurred. We found that F. sanguinea and Serviformica mostly harboured infections with different Wolbachia strains and had significantly different Spiroplasma and Entomoplasma infection prevalences. Our results thus indicate that social parasitism between the slave-making ant F. sanguinea and its Serviformic a hosts does not create substantial opportunities for symbiont transmission. The prevalence data of different Wolbachia strains suggest that infections in different Formica species are partly strain specific.
Temporal changes in species richness and fish composition in a submerged vegetation habitat in Veracruz, Mexico

Background. Because estuarine fish communities undergo temporal changes in abundance and species composition, the influence of environmental factors on diel and seasonal variation in the structure of a fish community was evaluated. This information is necessary to extend our knowledge of fish communities in tropical estuaries. The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that the total number of fish, species richness and fish composition would undergo temporal variations related to the variability of environmental conditions. Materials and methods. In Pueblo Viejo Lagoon (western Gulf of Mexico), six 24-h sampling cycles every 2 months were carried out. Fish were collected every 2 h during each 24-h cycle using a beach seine net. Data were analysed using repeated measures PERMANOVA and canonical correspondence analysis. Results. Diel variation in total fish number and species richness tended to peak at dawn and dusk, with significant differences between the periods of day, night and twilight. Total number of fish had significant pulses during the dry season and rainy season, whereas species richness showed a pulse in March–July. Fish community structure was mainly influenced by salinity, temperature, rainfall, and seagrass cover. Seasonally, three fish groups were observed. The fish assemblage during the rainy season was mainly characterized by low-salinity tolerant species. The fish assemblage during the cold-dry period was dominated by species with low-temperature affinities whereas filter-feeding species tended to be dominant during the warm-dry period. Differences in fish assemblages among diel periods were mainly due to some species were typically diurnal, nocturnal or crepuscular. Conclusion. This study allowed determining that total fish abundance and richness are related at diel level with the transition period between the activities of diurnal and nocturnal species, and with fish strategies of predator avoidance and foraging. At seasonal level, these seem to be coupled to periods of high productivity in the system. Moreover, the fish composition showed a seasonal succession of species, which may be determined by a combination of temporal changes in salinity, rainfall, temperature, and by the different feeding strategies of species.
The use of algal chloroplasts to express Plasmodium falciparum Circumsporozoite Protein and Pfs25 surface antigens in a vaccine aimed to induce protective antibody responses in mice and mosquitoes

Malaria is a major issue in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. There are nearly 200 million new cases of malaria and 1 million deaths per year (Wiki, 2012). P. falciparum causes the most deadly form of the disease and is transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito (Wiki, 2012). The circumsporozoite protein (CSP) is a prominent surface antigen of the P. falciparum parasite during its erythrocytic stage. The CSP has been a prime target for vaccine development to fight blood stage infection; among the most promising is the RTS,S viral vector vaccine by GlaxoSmithKline, but has not been effective enough to be licensed (Ballou, 2009). The uses of bacterial and viral vectors have been common among attempts to develop an effective vaccine but remain expensive to produce and not always effective at expressing the target antigen, which may explain why none have been licensed (Danuvillee et al., 2010). Recent research suggests that algal chloroplasts may be utilized as effective recombinant system for Plasmodium surface antigens (Danuvillee et al., 2010). The algae are cheap and easy to produce in large quantities, genetically tractable, and have been used to produce protein subunit vaccines (Danuvillee et al., 2010). A study published last spring by Gregory et al. (2012) and colleagues used the algae Chalamydomonas reinhardtii to express the P. falciparum surface protein 25 (Pfs25) in a vaccine and found that the vaccine elicited antibody responses in mice and blocked sexual development of the parasite in mosquitoes (Gergory et al., 2012). The Pfs25 is a surface protein expressed during the sexual stages of P. falciparum (Gergory et al., 2012). Previous research has shown that C. reinhardtii can effectively express P. falciparum surface antigens and induce antibody response in mice and mosquitos (Gergory et al., 2012). Furthermore, over the years, the CSP antigen’s immunogenicity has been shown to elicit strong antibody responses in numerous studies; however using C. reinhardtii to express CSP and Pfs25 antigens together has not been studied and serves as a potential vaccine candidate (Okitsu et al., 2007) (Wang et al. 1995). Given this, I would like to develop a vaccine against P. falciparum using the C. reinhardtii chloroplasts to express recombinant CSP and Pfs25 surface antigens. Hypothesis I hypothesize that using C. reinhardtii chloroplasts as a recombinant system to express the CSP and Pfs25 surface antigens will elicit increased antibody responses in mice and mosquitos, preventing P. falciparum infection and transmission. The Pfs25 antigen has been shown to elicit heightened antibody responses in mice and mosquitos but CSP has not been used in a chloroplast system (Gergory et al., 2012). Given that the chloroplasts can be readily manipulated genetically, we predict that the CSP antigen will ________________________________________________
Development and characterization of ethyl cellulose nanosponges for sustained release of brigatinib for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer

Abstract Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) contributes to about 85% of lung cancer. By 2040, lung cancer cases estimated to rise to 3.6 million globally. Brigatinib (BG) acts as tyrosine kinase inhibitors that target the epidermal growth factor receptor of the epithelial lung cancer cells. BG loaded nanosponges (NSs) were prepared by the emulsion solvent evaporation technique using ethylcellulose (EC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a stabilizer. Eight formulations were developed by varying the concentration of the drug (BG), EC and PVA followed by optimization through particle characterization; size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), drug entrapment and loading efficiency. The optimized formulation BGNS5 showed particles size (261.0 ± 3.5 nm), PDI (0.301) and ZP(−19.83 ± 0.06 Mv) together with entrapment efficiency (85.69 ± 0.04%) and drug loading (17.69 ± 0.01%). FTIR, DSC, XRD, and SEM showed drug-polymer compatibility, entrapment of drug in EC core, non-crystallinity of BG in NS and confirm spherical porous nature of the NS. BGNS5 reflects drug release in a sustained manner, 86.91 ± 2.12% for about 12 h. BGNS5 significantly decreased the cell viability of A549 human lung cancer cell lines with less hemolytic ratio compared to pure drug BG and EC. Based on the aforementioned results BGNS5 could be used in the effective treatment of NSCLC.
Familiarity with State Regulations regarding Access to Information for Persons with Disabilities in Serbia

ABSTRACT The quality of life of people with disabilities is largely influenced by their access to information. Good communication with state authorities is the key to knowing state regulations regarding this access, proposing their improvement, and monitoring their application in society. By using a convenient sample of 89 persons with disabilities, this study examined the extent to which the participants were familiar with these regulations, and whether this familiarity could be explained in terms of the quality of the participants’ communication with state authorities concerning their access to information, as well as several background variables regarding the participants, including their gender, age, and educational level completed. It was found that the majority of participants were not familiar with these regulations. Path analysis evidenced the positive and significant direct influence of communication quality on familiarity with regulations (0.356, p < 0.01), with the former positively influenced by age (40–49) and educational level completed (upper-secondary) to a significant degree (corresponding regression weights were 0.432, p < 0.01, and 0.171, p < 0.05, respectively). The path model applied could explain 12.7% of the variability of the familiarity in question. Implications for research and practice are included.
On the Algebraic Properties of Quasi-affine Bijective Transformations

DOI: 10.9734/ARJOM/2020/v16i930222 Editor(s): (1) Dr. Xingting Wang, Howard University, USA. Reviewers: (1) K. Mrudula Devi, Vignans Institute of Information Technology, India. (2) Avadh Pati, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam, India. (3) Iyakino P. Akpan, College of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Nigeria. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle4. com/review-history/60309