Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural health monitoring of concrete cylinders using protected fibre optic sensors

Two kinds of sensor protection system for fibre optic sensors (FOS), an embedded type and a surface-mountable type, have been developed in the work described this paper. Extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometric (EFPI) and fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors protected by the designed protection systems have been used to monitor the cure progress and structural health status of concrete cylinders. Experimental results indicate that the sensor protection systems for the FOS perform adequately and effectively in a concrete environment. The protected fibre optic sensors are suitable for achieving structural health monitoring in practice. It is also revealed that there is excellent correlation between the results obtained from the protected FOS and reference electrical resistance strain gauges.
Novel ultra‐compact two‐dimensional waveguide‐based metasurface for electromagnetic coupling reduction of microstrip antenna array

A novel ultracompact two‐dimensional (2D) waveguide‐based metasurface is proposed herein and applied for the first time to reduce mutual coupling in antenna array for multiple‐input multiple‐output applications. The unit cell of the proposed 2D waveguide‐based metasurface is ultracompact (8.6 mm × 4.8 mm, equal to λ0/14.2 × λ0/25.5) mainly due to the symmetrical spiral lines etched on the ground. The metasurface exhibits a bandgap with two transmission zeros attributing to the negative permeability in the vicinity of magnetic resonance and the negative permittivity in the vicinity of electric resonance. Taking advantage of these two features, a microstrip antenna array is then designed, fabricated, and measured by embedding an 8 × 1 array of the well‐engineered 2D waveguide‐based metasurface elements between two closely spaced (9.2 mm, equal to λ0/13.3) H‐plane coupled rectangular patches. There is good agreement between the simulated and measured results, indicating that the metasurface effectively reduces antenna mutual coupling by more than 11.18 dB and improves forward gain. The proposed compact structure has one of the highest reported decoupling efficiencies among similar periodic structures with comparable dimensions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 25:789–794, 2015.
Shoulder Condition in the Treatment of Ilizarov Fractures of the Bone

The study involved 28 patients aged from 20 to 94 years (mean 39±3) with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the shoulder at different times after applying the Ilizarov apparatus. All patients after 16 days of treatment in the hospital switched to an outpatient treatment regimen. Using a sensor with a carrier frequency of 8MHz of the computerized diagnostic complex Angiodin-2KM of the production association BIOSS (Russia), the blood flow velocity was recorded in the regeneration zone along the outer shoulder surface with a stepwise axially directed functional loading of the limb segment [6]. In all patients, the maximum allowable functional load on the injured limb was determined using floor scales (Figure 1). In addition, when using a strain gauge and a B7-73/1voltmeter, a strain gauge signal was recorded that allowed determining the change in the distance between the spokes coming out of the bone above and below the fracture zone, which allowed determining the micro mobility of fragments of the humerus at the axial loading metered in 5kg corresponding to limbs [7]. After the apparatus was removed, the area of the shadow of the periosteal callus was planimetrically estimated from radiographs of the shoulder. Self-assessment of the physical and mental state of patients was performed using the SF-36 test. The test card put into a computer contains 36 alternative questions that, based on 8 modules, allow us to judge the quality of life by integrating physical data (efficiency, ability to self-care, well-being, pain ) and mental state (vitality, mood, emotional state, social activity) of the subject. Each of the modules evaluated as a result is an indicator containing from 0 to 100 points [8]. When processing the research materials, standard statistical programs were used that allow the use of parametric research methods with the analysis of indicators of the reliability of differences in independent Student’s samples, incorporated in the “Microsoft Office Excel 2010” package. Average values are given in combination with standard deviation. The graphs show the magnitude of the reliability of the results (when approximation, the coefficient of determination R2 is given).
Direct comparison of four different biomass estimation techniques against conventional dry weight measurements

Many indirect biomass estimation techniques have been discussed in the literature; however, a comparison of the applicability of these methods for bioprocess control purposes has not been discussed comprehensively. In this paper, four different uncomplicated biomass measurement techniques were directly compared with the conventional biomass dry weight measurement, and the possibilities of their implementation in process control environments is discussed. These techniques are estimations based on laser turbidimeter signals, measurement of cell numbers and sizes, estimations based on the oxygen mass balance, and, finally, estimations based on the base consumption during pH control. All these techniques led to essentially the same quality of estimations. The comparisons were performed in experiments with two bacteria strains. Cross-validation analyses showed that all measurements are sufficiently accurate for process supervision and control purposes. The final decision about implementation of one of the techniques discussed must be made under consideration of the available equipment, the microorganisms to be cultivated and the cultivation conditions.
Legal Knowledge and Awareness of The School Teachers on The Educational Rights of Children with Special Needs in Malaysia

Section 28 of Persons with Disabilities Act 2008 provides children with disabilities shall not be excluded from pre-school, primary and secondary schools on basis of their disabilities and should be treated equally with children without disabilities. Since they are disabled children, they need special treatment, special tools and facilities to accommodate their education and therefore they have been categorized as children with special needs. Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development are responsible for the education for these children. To provide education for children with special needs efficiently, the teachers must have legal knowledge and awareness of these children educational rights. Therefore, this research has been conducted to study the level of legal knowledge and awareness of the school teachers on the educational rights of children with special needs in Malaysia. This research adopts a mixed-method approach which involves the collection, analysis, and integration of qualitative and quantitative data. Questionnaires have been distributed to the teachers of the Integrated Special Education Program to examine their legal knowledge and awareness on the educational rights of children with special needs. Respondents have been selected randomly from several primary and secondary government schools in Selangor. The analysis of variables is categorized into demographic characteristics of the teachers and their knowledge and awareness on the rights of children with special needs on therapy, facilities, and special module. Result of this study reveals that the teachers have a moderate knowledge of the educational rights of children with special needs, but they are very aware of these children educational rights.
Lightning Launch Commit Criteria.

Abstract : The Airborne Field Mill Project was jointly undertaken by the USAF and NASA during the winters of 1990, 1991, and 1992, and the summer of 1991 in order to gather in situ airborne field mill (ABFM) data to revise the USAF and NASA lightning Launch Commit Criteria (LCC) for manned and unmanned space launches. The Marshall Space Flight Center recommended changes to the lightning LCC based on their analysis of the ABFM data obtained under the Airborne Field Mill Project. A committee known as the Peer Review Committee (PRC) was formed 'To draft and finalize a subset of the Natural and Triggered Lightning Launch Commit Criteria' based on ABFM Program data. ' This report documents the LCC recommended by the PRC in March 1994 and presented to the Chief Engineers Council of the USAF Space Materiel Command for their concurrence in August 1994.
Dynamic Characteristic and Aseismatic Analysis of Tall Structures with Outriggers

Based on the finite element software ETABS, the effect of outriggers on the seismic response of a 50-story steel frame-reinforced concrete core tube structure was analyzed in this paper. Periods of free-vibrations were obtained from mode analysis. Response spectrum on the seismic properties was discussed. Elastic time history method was used to get complete analysis of the structure adopting four seismic waves. Structural horizontal displacement, drift angle, internal force of components and the distribution of internal forces between inner tube and outer frame under earthquake were studied. The rational quantity and locations of outriggers were considered. Further research in elastic time history was presented considering the influence of quantity of outriggers when outriggers were all set in “reasonable locations”. Some suggestions about steel frame-reinforced concrete core tube structures with outriggers in earthquake areas were given.
New Challenges in Solar Architectural Innovation

Among the century’s main challenges, climate change and the need for energy sources diversification are of great importance. In this context, renewable energies undoubtedly have an important role to play. Photovoltaic (PV) electricity is especially well suited to face these energy challenges. It is now established that the low thin film photovoltaic panels production costs will allow, even in continental climate, to reach low electricity cost, providing easy installation, public acceptance and high reliability. However, architectural considerations are often neglected in the current integration of PV panels. Taking into consideration specific architectural aspects like the surface appearance and the colour of the PV modules can become the key for the successful development of new, well integrated solar systems. To achieve this goal, our team, within the Archinsolar [1] project framework, works on the development of new generation of photovoltaic elements based on silicon thin films technologies (amorphous and micromoph). These new elements will be ultra-reliable and manufacturable at a very low cost, allowing a good architectural integration, respectful of the environment, landscape and built environment.
Leading Virtual Teams: Three Cases.

This study investigated virtual team members’ and leaders’ perceptions of the role of the leader, and hindering and helping forces within virtual teams and their host organizations for developing leaders of such teams. It addresses the expressed need of virtual team leaders for the field of HRD to guide leadership development for this emerging organizational form. In response this study situates leadership requirements, identified by the participants, within an overall developmental context.
Concept study of a nonlinear mechanical lung simulator

Abstract The aim of this study is to design an anatomically-oriented simulator for lung dynamics and gas exchange in the lungs; to be used for ventilator tests and especially for automated prototypes. It has to demonstrate arbitrary reactions according to specified disease patterns that are realized via respiratory mechanics models, even including nonlinearity. The simulator is a combination of piston cylinders and controlled by an FPGA based real time controller platform. This controller has standard Ethernet interfaces to PC-s, where a graphically programmed interface allows the user to change parameters and even their individual Matlab code. This concept emphasizes on gas exchange as well; by generating some specific tidal expiratory CO 2 curves via a specified internal gas mixture into cylinder combinations. The architecture of an anatomically oriented lung simulator has been derived and the first components have been manufactured and tested. A control scheme has been discussed and is recently put under development. First steps towards a robust and accurate reproduction of nonlinear dynamic responses by a simulator interacting with a ventilator have been made.
Development of micro channel array with detecting electrodes for electrophysiological biomedical sensor

This paper presents developments of micro channel array with detecting microelectrodes (hereafter MCA) for electrophysiological biomedical sensors. Electrophysiological biomedical sensors for drug screening require higher-throughput of testing. MCA corresponding to a large number of objective cells have been developed to satisfy this demand. Based on successful results of the first design of MCA with 100 channels in F 440 /spl mu/m area, several improvements have been carried out to provide higher performances. The latest MCA with isolated detecting electrodes for the individual detection of cell signals will be also reported.
Display Lighting Preferences

A pair of display boxes containing indentical objects displayed under six different lighting conditions were viewed by 134 individual observers. Each observer had to make a forced-choice pair comparison in response to six questions concerning different aspects of the lighted object. Relative rankings of the six lighting conditions are given. The direction from which the light source shines on the object is important with the most preferred to least preferred directions being front, top, and back, respectively. If two source locations are used, the sources should be located in as different directions as possible. Incandescent spot lights were preferred over fluorescent lights, and light intensity was only important for initially attracting attention. It also appears that display lighting is more effective for visually simple objects such as household applicances than for visually complicated objects such as much household furniture.
Issues and Design Drivers for Deep Space Habitats

A cross-disciplinary team of scientists and engineers applied expertise gained in Lunar Lander development to the conceptual design of a long-duration, deep space habitat for Near Earth Asteroid (NEA) missions. The design reference mission involved two launches to assemble a 5-module vehicle for a 380-day round trip mission carrying 4 crew members. The conceptual design process yielded a number of interesting debates, some of which could be significant design drivers in a detailed Deep Space Habitat (DSH) design. These issues include: a) Launch loads: Potentially drives layout of equipment mounted to module floors or walls, and whether temporary internal structure is required to distribute launch loads to minimize shell mass; b) Unmanned loiter time: When added to an already lengthy mission, loiter time further drives risk and reliability, and poses issues for equipment shelf life such as material degradation or cryogenic fluids boil-off; c) Pointing and Visibility: A habitat embedded in a 5-module stack may drive Communications, Tracking, Guidance, and Navigation equipment out onto long booms to maintain line-of-sight visibility with targets. However, long booms will be more susceptible to disruption from exercise-induced vibration, potential damage during docking/undocking operations, and increased power distribution mass; d) Water: although it is assumed that a water processor will collect and recycle water, several interesting question were posed, such as: How much water to start with? Should potable water serve double-duty as radiation protection? And if so, should it be stowed in a single large tank, or smaller, portable containers? e) Design for repairability: one of the worst-case scenarios identified was a cabin depressurization that required suited repair from inside the module, potentially driving the need for long umbilical hoses or special equipment to allow smaller, mated modules to be used as safe havens for up to 180 days;
Environmental performance calculations for thePort of Gothenburg - Emissions to the air from Road transports

I Acknowledgements By this acknowledgement we would like to express our gratitude to all the people who helped us with this study. We would like to express our thanks to Jan Brandberg, Plan och trafik, Miljö Göteborg, for paying attention to our study. We appreciate his professionalism that played an important role in making this study completed. Handelshögskolan vid Göteborgs universitet for their useful information for the present study. Finally, we thank all the haulage companies involved in this study for providing us with the initial data in use. Abstract Port of Gothenburg AB and the port conduct the business that requires a permit under the Environmental Code. The most important environmental impact of the business is noise and emissions to the air, ground and water. The purpose of this research was to calculate the emissions to the air caused by the road haulage companies dealing with the Port of Gothenburg. The calculations formed the basis for analyzing the extent to which these road transports effect the environment inside Gothenburg city and its surroundings. The most popular roads used by the transports to and from the port were presented and the negative contributions to the environment in the surrounding areas were stated. The calculations were based on the methodologies and procedures from the Swedish authority of Network for Transport and the Environment (www.ntm.a.se) and real operational data were applied in order to carry out the calculations. In the conclusion an analysis was made as to whether or not the above mentioned road transports had a considerable effect on the environment of the studied area, and what could be done for the balance between the growing business of Port of Gothenburg, and the environmentally strong link in the logistics chains of the port. Some proposals for reducing the negative impacts such as a dry port located in a more environmentally tolerant area may be a topic for further research.
The collaborative software process(sm)

Anecdotal and qualitative evidence from industry indicates that two programmers working side by side at one computer, collaborating on the same design, algorithm, code, or test, perform substantially better than the two working alone. Statistical evidence has shown that programmers perform better when following a defined, repeatable process such as the Personal Software ProcessSM (PSPSM). Bringing these two ideas together, the Collaborative Software ProcessSM (CSP SM) has been formulated. The CSP is a defined, repeatable process for two programmers working collaboratively. The CSP is an extension of the PSP, and it relies upon the foundation of the PSP. To validate the effectiveness of CSP, an experiment was run in 1999 with approximately 40 senior Computer Science students at the University of Utah. All students learned both the CSP and the PSP. Two-thirds of the students worked in two-person collaborative teams using the CSP to develop their programming assignments. The other students worked independently using the PSP to develop the same assignments. Additionally, a significant amount of input and confirmation from professional engineers who practice collaborative programming was factored into the research. The research contributed a defined, repeatable process, the CSP, for collaborative programming pairs. The experiment validated the following quantitative findings about collaborative teams using the CSP: (1) Collaborative pairs spend approximately 15% more time than do individuals on the same task. This additional time, however, is not statistically significant. (2) Collaborative pairs achieve a higher quality level for programming products. Pairs had 15% less defects in their code. The higher quality level is statistically significant. (3) Considering the long-term field support savings of higher quality programming products, collaborative programming is cheaper for an organization than individual programming. (4) Consistently, 95% of collaborative programmers asserted that they enjoy their work more and are more confident in their work than when they program alone. Additionally, the research resulted in many qualitative findings about collaborative programming. Most notable are the positive effects of increased problem-solving skills, better designs, augmented learning, and improved team building for collaborative pairs. Organizations in which the engineers consistently switch partners also note increased communication, enhanced teamwork, and reduced product risk.
Nitrogen addition, rather than altered precipitation, stimulates nitrous oxide emissions in an alpine steppe

Abstract Anthropogenic‐driven global change, including changes in atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition and precipitation patterns, is dramatically altering N cycling in soil. How long‐term N deposition, precipitation changes, and their interaction influence nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions remains unknown, especially in the alpine steppes of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP). To fill this knowledge gap, a platform of N addition (10 g m−2 year−1) and altered precipitation (±50% precipitation) experiments was established in an alpine steppe of the QTP in 2013. Long‐term N addition significantly increased N2O emissions. However, neither long‐term alterations in precipitation nor the co‐occurrence of N addition and altered precipitation significantly affected N2O emissions. These unexpected findings indicate that N2O emissions are particularly susceptible to N deposition in the alpine steppes. Our results further indicated that both biotic and abiotic properties had significant effects on N2O emissions. N2O emissions occurred mainly due to nitrification, which was dominated by ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria, rather than ammonia‐oxidizing archaea. Furthermore, the alterations in belowground biomass and soil temperature induced by N addition modulated N2O emissions. Overall, this study provides pivotal insights to aid the prediction of future responses of N2O emissions to long‐term N deposition and precipitation changes in alpine ecosystems. The underlying microbial pathway and key predictors of N2O emissions identified in this study may also be used for future global‐scale model studies.
Research on Purchase Intention Models of Seamless Underwear Consumers

nvestigation on 298 seamless underwear consumers using consumer styles inventory (CSI) was carried out to measure the purchase intention of seamless underwear consumers. Eight factor models reflecting seamless underwear consumers shopping decision style, including perfectionist and hi-quality, price and value, novelty and fashion, confusion for over choice, recreational and hedonistic, habitual and brand–loyalty, impulsive and careless, brand-conscious, were proposed on the base of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Cluster analysis was employed to divide seamless underwear consumers into four categories, namely fashion-brand type, perfectionism type, value-orientation type, trendy-enjoyment type. This research established a foundation for seamless underwear enterprise in formulating brand marketing strategy efficiently.