Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Implementation of a European Space Traffic Management System III. Technical Requirements.

This third paper (Paper III) concludes the mini series of papers which presents results from an ESA-funded evaluation study that has been collected by DLR GfR and its partner institutes and companies. The objective of this study is to generate a roadmap for the implementation of a European STM system within the next two decades under consideration of an evolving Air Traffic Management (ATM) system. In Paper I (Tullmann et al. 2017a), we introduced the implementation approach by focussing on the commercial Space Travel market which is expected to develop into a multi-billion Euro business in the coming years and could become a major driver for STM in general. We provided proof of concept that this suborbital space travel is generally possible, given that significant advances in heat and collision shielding technologies can be achieved. The envisioned technical, conceptual and organisational setups were discussed regarding Space Debris, Space Surveillance & Tracking, Space Weather Monitoring, Flight Planning and Scheduling and ATM and STM integration. This work is supplemented by Paper II (Tullmann et al. 2017b), which discussed Safety & Reliability (S&R) aspects that should be reflected in a S&R concept for the STM system. In this context relevant Safety Management Systems in aviation business were investigated to check to what extent their S&R concepts and good-practices are applicable to STM operations. A first Risk Classification Scheme was presented and initial values for the acceptable levels of safety for the identified hazards were presented and an outline of the envisaged Space Navigation Service Provider (SNSP) certification process was given. In this present work (Paper III) we focus on deriving initial technical high-level requirements and recommendations for a European contribution to Space Traffic Management and define relevant interfaces in the global context. The proposed requirements and interfaces presented here are neither complete nor final and are meant to provide a first rough guidance for space agencies, manufacturers or policy makers and shall stimulate discussions on how a European STM system could be realised.
Mapping of the Acoustic Environment at an Urban Park in the City Area of Milan, Italy, Using Very Low-Cost Sensors

The-growing influence of urbanisation on green areas can greatly benefit from passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) across spatiotemporal continua to provide biodiversity estimation and useful information for conservation planning and development decisions. The capability of eco-acoustic indices to capture different sound features has been harnessed to identify areas within the Parco Nord of Milan, Italy, characterised by different degrees of anthropic disturbance and biophonic activity. For this purpose, we used a network of very low-cost sensors distributed over an area of approximately 20 hectares to highlight areas with different acoustic properties. The audio files analysed in this study were recorded at 16 sites on four sessions during the period 25–29 May (2015), from 06:30 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. Seven eco-acoustic indices, namely Acoustic Complexity Index (ACI), Acoustic Diversity Index (ADI), Acoustic Evenness Index (AEI), Bio-Acoustic Index (BI), Acoustic Entropy Index (H), Normalized Difference Soundscape Index (NSDI), and Dynamic Spectral Centroid (DSC) were computed at 1 s integration time and the resulting time series were described by seven statistical descriptors. A dimensionality reduction of the indices carrying similar sound information was obtained by performing principal component analysis (PCA). Over the retained dimensions, describing a large (∼80%) variance of the original variables, a cluster analysis allowed discriminating among sites characterized by different combination of eco-acoustic indices (dimensions). The results show that the obtained groups are well correlated with the results of an aural survey aimed at determining the sound components at the sixteen sites (biophonies, technophonies, and geophonies). This outcome highlights the capability of this analysis of discriminating sites with different environmental sounds, thus allowing to create a map of the acoustic environment over an extended area.
Absolute Radiometric Calibration of an Imaging Spectroradiometer Using a Laboratory Detector-Based Approach

The HyperSpectral Imager for Climate Science (HySICS) is the core instrument of the Climate Absolute Refractivity and Reflectance Observatory (CLARREO) Pathfinder (CPF) mission and is currently scheduled to be launched to the International Space Station (ISS) in 2023. HySICS is an Offner–Chrisp imaging spectrometer designed to meet an unprecedented radiometric uncertainty requirement of 0.3% (k = 1) over its entire spectral range of 350–2300 nm. The approach represents the need for significant improvement over the Radiometric Calibration (RadCal) of existing space-borne spectrometers. One strategy to demonstrate that HySICS achieves this level of accuracy is through an Independent Calibration (IndCal) effort that can provide an alternative referencing RadCal, which follows a traceability chain independent of the operational RadCal of ratioing approach. The IndCal relies on a pre-launch detector-based absolute RadCal of HySICS, using a tunable laser system as source, and the system planned for the HySICS absolute RadCal is the Goddard Laser for Absolute Measurement of Radiance (GLAMR). GLAMR was developed at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center and has been used to calibrate multiple operational remote sensing instruments, as well as the SOlar, Lunar Absolute Reflectance Imaging Spectroradiometer (SOLARIS), a calibration demonstration system developed for the CLARREO mission. In this work, the data of SOLARIS GLAMR RadCal conducted in 2019 are processed to derive the Absolute Spectral Response (ASR) functions and other key characterization parameters of SOLARIS detectors. The results are further analyzed with the goals to plan the HySICS GLAMR RadCal, in particular to optimize its configuration, to demonstrate the traceability route to the NIST standard, and to develop the error budget of the calibration approach. The SOLARIS calibration is also compared with other source- and detector-based calibrations to validate the absolute radiometric accuracy achieved.
Mental health of Korean adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a special report of the 2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

OBJECTIVES Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the associated social distancing, limited freedom, and fear of an uncertain future are expected to have substantial mental health effects. We investigated mental health responses in the community during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea. METHODS We used 2016-2019 and 2020 data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) to assess pre-pandemic and pandemic mental health status, respectively, in terms of perceived severe stress, depression, and suicidal plans. All analyses were gender-stratified. Pre-specified subgroup analyses were performed according to age, employment status, and household income. RESULTS The percentage of Korean adults with suicidal plans increased significantly from 1.3%p (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 1.5) in 2016-2019 to 1.8%p (95% CI, 1.4 to 2.1) in 2020. Individuals in their 20s and 40s showed a marked increase in suicidal plans (1.2%p; 95% CI, 0.0 to 2.3 and 0.9%p; 95% CI, 0.0 to 1.8, respectively). In men, depression and perceived severe stress increased significantly from pre-COVID-19 to 2020. There was a 2.4%p (95% CI, 0.8 to 4.0) increase in depression among standard workers and a 2.9%p increase in depression in individuals in the second-highest quintile of household income from 2016 and 2018 to 2020. CONCLUSIONS As COVID-19 continued, mental health issues such as suicidal plans, depression, and severe stress increased significantly in young men and people in the second-highest quintile of household income. Proactive community mental health efforts are needed to prevent increases in the suicide rate resulting from prolonged exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Research on location of pre warehouse based on hybrid immune simulated annealing algorithm

The goal is to maximize customer time satisfaction andminimize the cost of site selection establish a mixed integer programming model. a hybrid immune simulated annealing algorithm is designed to improve the search efficiency of the algorithm. Taking the fresh demand point of fresh agricultural products in an area as an example, the optimal location scheme of pre warehouse is obtained. The results show that the time satisfaction of the obtained scheme is increased by 13.6% and 3.4% respectively compared with that of the immune algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm, and the total cost of location is reduced by 5729 and 8297 yuan respectively. The hybrid immune simulated annealing algorithm can accelerate the convergence speed, obtain higher time satisfaction and lower total cost of location, which provides a reference for the location of pre warehouse.
Sustainable Groundwater Potential Zoning with Integrating GIS, Remote Sensing, and AHP Model: A Case from North-Central Bangladesh

Groundwater is one of the most valuable natural resources, and the most dependable source of fresh water. For sustainable groundwater management, the present study aimed to model groundwater potential zones in the north–central region of Bangladesh using GIS, remote sensing, and the analytical hierarchy process. The present study included eight thematic layers: lineament density, geomorphology, soil types, slope, land use/land cover, drainage density, elevation, and rainfall features to delineate a groundwater potential zone of the area. Integration of the eight thematic layers was performed through weighted overlay analysis, which assisted in delineating groundwater potential zones. This simple and systematic method successfully provides a satisfactory result concerning the delineation of groundwater potential zones. The study resulted in a groundwater potential zone map, which identifies about 11.51% of the study area as being under a very high groundwater potential zone, covering an area of 504.09 km2. The AHP analysis shows that the physiographical parameters, such as lineament density, slope, and drainage density, and meteorological factors such as annual rainfall, have greater influence over groundwater potentiality. The result obtained from the weighted overlay analysis was verified with actual well yield and groundwater depth data, which show a significant positive correlation. The outcome of the study will help in taking effective measures to ensure sustainable use and extraction of groundwater in this region.
Highly Sensitive Nanomagnetic Quantification of Extracellular Vesicles by Immunochromatographic Strips: A Tool for Liquid Biopsy

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising agents for liquid biopsy—a non-invasive approach for the diagnosis of cancer and evaluation of therapy response. However, EV potential is limited by the lack of sufficiently sensitive, time-, and cost-efficient methods for their registration. This research aimed at developing a highly sensitive and easy-to-use immunochromatographic tool based on magnetic nanoparticles for EV quantification. The tool is demonstrated by detection of EVs isolated from cell culture supernatants and various body fluids using characteristic biomarkers, CD9 and CD81, and a tumor-associated marker—epithelial cell adhesion molecules. The detection limit of 3.7 × 105 EV/µL is one to two orders better than the most sensitive traditional lateral flow system and commercial ELISA kits. The detection specificity is ensured by an isotype control line on the test strip. The tool’s advantages are due to the spatial quantification of EV-bound magnetic nanolabels within the strip volume by an original electronic technique. The inexpensive tool, promising for liquid biopsy in daily clinical routines, can be extended to other relevant biomarkers.
Modeling of Information System for Blended Education Quality Assurance and Socio-Economic Impact

Current paper is devoted to modeling of information-analytical system for blended education quality assurance considering the socio-economic impact of this kind of educational services. Based on bibliometrical analysis, we outlined the necessity to consider the formats of quality assurance, its criteria, organization and management of blended learning with socio-economical problems as a joint system. Proposed system contains conceptual components and interfaces describing the interactions within developed quality assurance algorithm. Each component and interface are backed up by information services and socio-economic indicators for assessing system viability. We introduced the sequence for multi-level quality assurance procedures for the blended learning environment. We demonstrated that blended education quality assurance procedure requires effective instruments such as technology and experience transfer, gamification, research-based learning, etc. We proposed to use immersive learning techniques as an instrument to increase education quality and strengthen the bonds between main stakeholders.
English as an Additional Language (EAL) and educational achievement in England: An analysis of the National Pupil Database

The project was commissioned by three charitable groups – the Education Endowment Foundation (EEF), Unbound Philanthropy and The Bell Foundation – to analyse the evidence from national data in England on the achievement of students with English as an Additional Language (EAL) and to review the literature on effective interventions to raise the attainment of pupils with EAL. The key questions addressed by the project were: Who are the most at-risk groups of EAL learners and what are the predictors of low attainment for these learners? What are the most promising programmes and interventions to address EAL achievement gaps on the basis of causal evidence? This report presents an analysis of the most recent England National Pupil Database (NPD) from 2013 with respect to the first question above. A sister report focuses on the second question concerning effective interventions and is published in parallel with this report. The overall purpose of the project is to help schools and policymakers to effectively target policy, interventions and funding to address achievement gaps.
Ten-Year History of Social Network Logics in China

The paper presents a ten-year history of social network logics in China. It tells the story of how this new research area was started, how its research agenda was extended, and, in particular, how a focus on graph games developed. Important ideas and research results are summarised, with an emphasis on the connections between them. An important aspect of this history is the successful collaboration between Chinese and international colleagues.
Metabolic Profile and Metabolite Analyses in Extreme Weight Responders to Gastric Bypass Surgery

Background: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery belongs to the most frequently performed surgical therapeutic strategies against adiposity and its comorbidities. However, outcome is limited in a substantial cohort of patients with inadequate primary weight loss or considerable weight regain. In this study, gut microbiota composition and systemically released metabolites were analyzed in a cohort of extreme weight responders after RYGB. Methods: Patients (n = 23) were categorized based on excess weight loss (EWL) at a minimum of two years after RYGB in a good responder (EWL 93 ± 4.3%) or a bad responder group (EWL 19.5 ± 13.3%) for evaluation of differences in metabolic outcome, eating behavior and gut microbiota taxonomy and metabolic activity. Results: Mean BMI was 47.2 ± 6.4 kg/m2 in the bad vs. 26.6 ± 1.2 kg/m2 in the good responder group (p = 0.0001). We found no difference in hunger and satiety sensation, in fasting or postprandial gut hormone release, or in gut microbiota composition between both groups. Differences in weight loss did not reflect in metabolic outcome after RYGB. While fecal and circulating metabolite analyses showed higher levels of propionate (p = 0.0001) in good and valerate (p = 0.04) in bad responders, respectively, conjugated primary and secondary bile acids were higher in good responders in the fasted (p = 0.03) and postprandial state (GCA, p = 0.02; GCDCA, p = 0.02; TCA, p = 0.01; TCDCA, p = 0.02; GDCA, p = 0.05; GUDCA, p = 0.04; TLCA, p = 0.04). Conclusions: Heterogenous weight loss response to RYGB surgery separates from patients’ metabolic outcome, and is linked to unique serum metabolite signatures post intervention. These findings suggest that the level of adiposity reduction alone is insufficient to assess the metabolic success of RYGB surgery, and that longitudinal metabolite profiling may eventually help us to identify markers that could predict individual adiposity response to surgery and guide patient selection and counseling.
Inventory control: Its principles and application

Availability of good quality stock, in right quantity, at right place and time and at right cost is the essence of inventory control, which in turn is mandatory for smooth functioning and service delivery of any health care facility. Various techniques are available for inventory control, based on cost, criticality and other factors for e.g., ABC analysis, VED analysis, ABC-VED matrix, FSN analysis, SDE analysis etc. Each technique has its own strength and weakness in its applicability. Economic considerations are also imperative for logistic management of any health facility, as any cost savings could be spent more gainfully in some other way and thus more lives could be saved, reduced morbidities and overall positive impact. Future healthcare managers will have to utilize scientific methods of inventory management and the role of an efficient hospital logistics system cannot be ignored anymore. Inventory control is an important component of hospital management. It provides significant improvement in patient care, customer relationships and optimal use of resources. The objective of this paper is to present an up-to-date review of inventory control and critically appraise its various techniques, various costs associated with it and methods of indenting stock. This review will benefit post-graduate students and public health workers in understanding the concepts and principle of inventory control and applying the same in their practice.
Comparative Study on Macro-Tribological Properties of PLL-g-PEG and PSPMA Polymer Brushes

An ultra-low friction and high load capacity could be obtained on the surfaces grafted by a polymer brush even at relatively slow friction speeds in aqueous lubrication environments, which has attracted widespread attention to study the lubrication mechanism of polymer brushes; however, it has yet to be fully understood. The macroscopic tribological performance of two different polymer brushes, which were prepared by the method of “grafting to” and “grafting from” and named as PLL-g-PEG and PSPMA, respectively, were investigated. The friction results demonstrated that PLL-g-PEG obtained a lower friction coefficient than polymer brush PSPMA, which was ascribed to its unique “self-healing” behavior. The lubrication film was in situ observed and the film thickness induced by the polymer brush was measured using a laboratory set for film thickness measurement apparatus based on interference technology. It was found that PSPMA exhibited excellent lubrication performance not found in PLL-g-PEG, and two film-forming mechanisms highly dependent on velocity were revealed, which may be important to interpret the lubrication mechanism of polymer brushes in aqueous lubricants.
Steady state analysis of induction motor with broken rotor bars

The paper presents a mathematical model of a squirrel cage induction motor, taking account of higher space harmonics, and a computer simulation of induction motor fault states. The authors have studied the case of broken rotor bars as the source of rotor electrical asymmetry. Based on the mathematical model, the computer simulation of the influence of rotor cage defects on torque and current characteristics of induction machines at different slip values is presented. The practical monitoring of cage asymmetry is discussed by using spectral analysis of the line current of an induction machine. The laboratory tests of both healthy motors and motors with broken rotor bars show good agreement with these simulation results.
A Selective Wideband Bandpass Filter With Wide Stopband Using Mixed Lumped-Distributed Circuits

In this brief, a wideband bandpass filter with extremely wide spurious-free stopband and high selectivity is presented. The filter consists of a wideband bandpass cell cascaded with sharp-rejection wide-stopband low-pass filters (WSLPFs), both designed using a mix of lumped and distributed elements. The proposed wideband bandpass cell, consisting of two series LC resonators and shunt-connected open-ended microstrip stubs, produces a three-pole passband with two transmission zeros on its opposite sides. The LC resonators provide suppression of spurious transmission peaks arising due to the main stub, which is further enhanced by the auxiliary stubs in the wideband cell and the WSLPFs. The design technique imbibes the effects of the self-resonating frequencies of the lumped components, and thus enable the filter to achieve the stopband extension irrespective of their size and make. A prototype of the proposed filter, designed at 1.25 GHz with 62.4% bandwidth, shows the stopband extended up to 18.6 times the center frequency with minimum rejection of 19 dB. The selectivity factor of the passband, defined as the 3-dB to 30-dB bandwidth ratio, is 0.65. The maximum filter dimension is less than a quarter of the wavelength at the center frequency, providing a miniature design.
Location-Based Hybrid Precoding Schemes and QoS-Aware Power Allocation for Radar-Aided UAV–UGV Cooperative Systems

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) complement each other, promising a variety of benefits for unmanned cooperative systems. When infrastructures for communication are unavailable, such as disaster relief and patrol mission in sparsely populated areas, UGVs can be controlled to go to the esignated areas with the aid of a UAV. Specifically, the UAV hovers over the UGVs, sending commands to the UGVs and obtaining location information from the UGVs. In this paper, we consider integrating millimeter wave communication and UAV–UGV cooperative system. For high mobile unmanned cooperative systems, we develop two joint radar-aided hybrid precoding schemes, which are suitable for a fully connected (FC) hybrid precoding structure and partially connected (PC) hybrid precoding, respectively. Specifically, an effective hybrid precoding scheme is first proposed by using location information to jointly design hybrid precoding and power allocation. Moreover, we also derive the radar parameter estimation problem Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB). In order to ensure the minimum quality-of-service (QoS) of UGVs, we propose a QoS-aware power allocation scheme based on the difference-of-two-convex-function (D.C.) programming. Finally, a heuristic hybrid precoding design algorithm, where the analog precoding matrix is usually implemented by low-resolution phase shifters (PSs), is proposed based on antenna dynamic grouping and radar parameter acquisition, with the aim of maximizing the sum-rate of the UAV–UGV cooperative systems. Extensive computer simulation results indicated the validity of the proposed radar-aided location-based hybrid precoding schemes in the UAV–UGV heterogeneous cooperative system.