Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Group Size and Collective Action: Third-Party Monitoring in Common-Pool Resources

This paper examines the hypothesis that group size is inversely related to successful collective action. A distinctive aspect of the paper is that it combines a non-cooperative game-theoretic approach with the analysis of primary data collected by the authors. The game-theoretic model considers a group of people protecting a commonly owned resource from excessive exploitation. The monitoring of individual actions is a collective good. Our analysis focuses on third-party monitoring. We examine two significant aspects of all common-pool resources protected by third parties: one, the lumpiness of the monitoring technology and two, imperfect excludability from the common. We propose a general argument as to why costs of third-party monitoring will rise more than proportionately as group size increases. In combination with the lumpiness assumption, it yields us the following theoretical conclusion: medium sized groups are more likely than small or large groups to provide third-party monitoring. The empirical analysis investigates the validity of this conclusion in a real life situation. We consider data on 28 forest councils from Kumaon in the Indian Himalaya. In consonance with the theoretical result, medium sized councils are the ones that successfully raise the funds necessary for third-party monitoring. Small and large councils fare badly. We present additional evidence to support our argument, and point toward future arenas of research on the relationship between monitoring and group size.
Made available by Hasselt University Library in https://documentserver.uhasselt.be ALTERNATIVE OXIDASE1a modulates the oxidative challenge during moderate Cd exposure in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves

40 This study aims to unravel the functional significance of alternative oxidase 1a 41 (AOX1a) induction in cadmium (Cd)-exposed Arabidopsis thaliana leaves by 42 comparing wild-type (WT) plants and aox1a knockout mutants. In the absence 43 of AOX1a, differences in stress-responsive transcript and glutathione levels 44 suggest an increased oxidative challenge during moderate (5 μM) and prolonged 45 (72 h) Cd exposure. Nevertheless, aox1a knockout leaves showed lower 46 hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation as compared to the WT due to both 47 acute (24 h) and prolonged (72 h) exposure to 5 but not 10 μM Cd. Taken 48 together, we propose a working model where AOX1a acts early in the response 49 to Cd and activates or maintains a mitochondrial signalling pathway impacting 50 on cellular antioxidative defence at post-transcriptional level. This fine-tuning 51 pathway is suggested to function during moderate (5 μM) Cd exposure while 52 being overwhelmed during more severe (10 μM) Cd stress. Within this 53 framework, ethylene is required – either directly or indirectly via NADPH 54 oxidase isoform C – to fully induce AOX1 expression. In addition, a reciprocal 55 crosstalk between these components was demonstrated in A. thaliana leaves 56 under Cd exposure. 57 58
A Parametric Study of the Growth of MW-CNTs on Stainless Steel Substrates from Low Density Polyethylene

This research dealt with the generation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using low density recycled polyethylene (LDPE) as feedstock. The polymer was pyrolyzed in inert atmospheres at an elevated temperature. The gaseous pyrolyzates – consisting mostly of light hydrocarbons and hydrogen – served as carbon donors. Multi-wall CNTs were then catalytically-grown on fixed substrates. A focus of this study was placed on the influence of the type of carrier gas and its flowrate on the synthesis of carbon nanotubes. A two-step process was used, involving two electrically heated muffle furnaces, with a common quartz tube. Polymer pellets were inserted in the first furnace, which was preheated to 800 oC, and the pyrolyzate-containing effluent therefrom was channeled to the second furnace, which was also preheated to 800 oC. Nitrogen, helium, argon or carbon dioxide gases were used to carry the pyrolyzates to stainless steel (type 316) screens placed in the second furnace. Whereas the amount of polymer was fixed, the amount of catalyst and the flowrate of the carrier gases were varied. The influence of the inert gases and their flowrates (in the range of 0.1 to 2 lpm) were both found to be significant on the yield and the characteristics of the produced nanomaterials. The results show that nitrogen can generate longer CNTs and higher yield than other carrier gases. The nanotubes were of relatively higher purity and had lower defects when generated from high flow rate (2 l/min) than from the other flow rates (1 or 0.1 l/min). Another focus of this study was placed on the influence of the mesh size and composition of the stainless steel substrates (200, 400 and 500 wires/in2) in the generation CNTs. The yield of CNTs was based on the surface area of the three different screens. The results indicated that the 200 mesh size of wire cloth generate a little higher yield of CNTs based on surface area. It was also concluded that the yield based is sensitive to catalyst metal composition, the wire cloth which contains the higher Mo and lower Cr mass fractions was more effective in generation of CNTs.
Botnet Fingerprint Using Bro-IDS

— Botnets or robot networks are one of the most serious and widespread attacks in the network’s era. This attack is used to enforce the control of the computers by injecting a small code into the computer to become one of the bots in the robot networks. Then the new bot will be linked with the supervisor or botmaster to get the instruction and commands that need to perform. Command and Control server (C&C) is the botmaster which sends the tasks to their connected bots. The motivations of using and launching such attacks are diverse from DDoS to spam, attacking IRC chat, spreading new malware, and gathering information… etc. Many of the botnet detection technique is based on the Intrusion Detection System (IDS) or Intrusion Prevention System (IPS), while the sophisticated technologies of the attackers are increasing to evade such system. Thus, the need for robust and advanced techniques is necessary due to the growth of the botnet attacks. In this paper, the main types and architecture for the botnet attacks will be presented. Additionally, the detection technique will be presented using Bro Monitoring tools in order to analyze in depth the network traffic, then detect the abnormal or malicious traffic that comes from the C&C server. This research considered as a step forward to detecting the botnet attack.
First Complete Genome Sequence of Two Staphylococcus epidermidis Bacteriophages (cid:1) †

Staphylococcus epidermidis is an important opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infections and is often associated with infections in patients with implanted prosthetic devices. A number of virulence determinants have been identiﬁed in S. epidermidis , which are typically acquired through horizontal gene transfer. Due to the high recombination potential, bacteriophages play an important role in these transfer events. Knowledge of phage genome sequences provides insights into phage-host biology and evolution. We present the complete genome sequence and a molecular characterization of two S. epidermidis phages, (cid:1) PH15 (PH15) and (cid:1) CNPH82 (CNPH82). Both phages belonged to the Siphoviridae family and produced stable lysogens. The PH15 and CNPH82 genomes displayed high sequence homology; however, our analyses also revealed important functional differences. The PH15 genome contained two introns, and in vivo splicing of phage mRNAs was demonstrated for both introns. Secondary structures for both introns were also predicted and showed high similarity to those of Streptococcus thermophilus phage 2972 introns. An additional ﬁnding was differential superinfection inhibition between the two phages that corresponded with differences in nucleotide sequence and overall gene content within the lysogeny module. We conducted phylogenetic analyses on all known Siphoviridae , which showed PH15 and CNPH82 clustering with Staphylococcus aureus
The 2018 M W 7.9 Gulf of Alaska Earthquake: Multiple Fault Rupture in the Paci ﬁ c Plate

A major ( M W 7.9) intraplate earthquake ruptured the Paci ﬁ c plate seaward of the Alaska subduction zone near Kodiak Island on 23 January 2018. The aftershock seismicity is diffuse, with both NNW- and ENE-trending distributions, while long-period point source moment tensors have near-horizontal compressional and tensional principal strain axes and signi ﬁ cant non-double-couple components. Backprojections from three large-aperture networks indicate sources of short-period radiation not aligned with the best double-couple fault planes. A suite of ﬁ nite-fault rupture models with one to four faults was considered, and a four-fault model, dominated by right-lateral slip on an SSE trending, westward-dipping fault, is compatible with most seismic, GPS, and tsunami data. However, the precise geometry, timing, and slip distribution of the complex set of faults is not well resolved. The sequence appears to be the result of intraplate stresses in ﬂ uenced by slab pull, the 1964 Alaska earthquake, and collision of the Yakutat terrane in northeastern Alaska. the aftershock distribution is diffuse, with nearly orthogonal trends in seismicity; the aftershock mechanisms are diverse; backprojections of short-period seismic waves show complex patterns of high-frequency energy release not on a single plane; and teleseismic waveforms are complex. Inversions of the teleseismic signals for a variety of models with from one to four different faults being allowed provide slip models that are used to predict regional GPS observations from Alaska along with deepwater tsunami recordings from sea ﬂ oor pressure sensors at Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) stations. The primary rupture occurred on a fault trending SSE, dipping to the west, and several nearly perpendicular faults appear to have ruptured as well, but the limited spatial extent of the rupture makes it dif ﬁ cult to resolve the details of the faulting.
Voice Activity Detection Using Deep Neural Network

Voice activity detection (VAD) is used as a preprocessing for various speech applications to identify speech and non-speech periods in input signals. In this study, we propose a deep neural network (DNN)-based VAD method to detect such periods in noisy signals by utilizing dynamics that refer to the time-varying properties of speech signals. In the proposed method, the dynamics are highlighted by speech period candidates, which are calculated based on heuristic rules for trivial patterns of the ﬁrst and second derivatives that characterize the starting and ending points of utterances. The candidates, together with log power spectra, are input into the DNN to determine speech periods. Experiments are conducted to evaluate the proposed method by using speech signals smeared with ﬁve types of noise (white, babble, factory, car and pink) with signal to noise ratios (SNRs) of 10, 5, 0 and -5 dB. The experimental results show that the proposed method is superior under all considered noise conditions. The proposed method improves the performance of DNN-based VAD using the log power spectra alone particularly in low SNRs or non-stationary noise. The addition of speech period candidates, which may highlight dynamics, provides positive information that contributes to ﬁnd speech period correctly.
Progress in Computer Vision at the

ABSTRACT 1 This report summarizes progress in imageunderstanding research at the University ofMassachusetts over the past year. Many of theindividual efforts discussed in this paper are furtherdeveloped in other papers in this proceedings. Thesummary is organized into several areas:1. Mobile Robot Navigation2. Motion and Stereo Processing3. Knowledge-Based Interpretation of StaticScenes4. Image Understanding ArchitectureThe research program in computer vision at UMasshas as one of its goals the integration of a diverseset of research efforts into a system that isultimately intended to achieve real-time imageinterpretation in a variety of vision applications. 1. Mobile Robot Navigation The initial focus of the mobile robot navigation project(Fennema and Hanson 1990b) has been on thedevelopment of a system for goal oriented navigationthrough a partially modeled, unchanging environmentwhich contains no unmodeled obstacles. This simplifiedenvironment is intended to provide a foundation forresearch into navigation in more complicated domains.The guiding philosophy of this project is a tight couplingbetween planning, perception, and plan execution.Incremental planning and vehicle motion, guided by therelationship between the internal model and the externalworld provided by perception, serve to keep the vehicleaccurately located within the environmental referenceframe.
Demand forecasting for a fused magnesia smelting process via LSTM and FRA

The electric power demand of a Fused Magnesia Smelting Process(FMSP) is deﬁned as the average of electric power consumed within a ﬁx period of time and is used for judging the electricity cost. The power has to be turned oﬀ once the demand value exceeds one spe-ciﬁc threshold ¯ P l . However, by taking advantage of the current controller in FMSP, the demand can be reduced hence there is no need to switch oﬀ the power supply in this case. Therefore, it is vital to forecast the power demand and its trend such that the power supply does not have to be turned oﬀ unnecessarily. In this paper, a hybrid model combin-ing a linear model with an unknown high order function is proposed. The linear model built to capture the priori information from the do-main knowledge and historic data, while the unknown information in FMSP and the error of the linear model are approximated with a high order nonlinear function. The Recursive Least Square algorithm(RLS) is used for identifying the unknown parameters in the linear model . A Long-Short Term Memory(LSTM) trained by the Fast Recursive Algo-rithm(FRA) is proposed to ﬁt the unknown high-order function. Finally, the output weights of LSTM is updated by RLS online. Comparing with hybrid models like the linear model combined with Radial Basis Function Neural Network(RBF), the proposed model oﬀers the best performance in our experimental studies.
Failure and size effect for notched and unnotched concrete beams

Modelling failure in geomaterials, concrete or other quasi‐brittle materials and proper accounting for size effect, geometry and boundary effects are still pending issues. Regularised failure models are capable of describing size effect on specimens with a specific geometry, but extrapolations to other geometries are rare, mostly because experimental data presenting size effect for different geometries and for the same material are lacking. Three‐point bending fracture tests of geometrically similar notched and unnotched specimens are presented. The experimental results are compared with numerical simulations performed with an integral‐type non‐local model. Comparisons illustrate the shortcomings of this classical formulation, which fails to describe size effect over the investigated range of geometries and sizes. Finally, experimental results are also compared with the universal size effect law. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of Vanadium on the strength of a bcc Fe \Sigma 3(111)[1-10] grain boundary

The effects of micro-alloying element, vanadium, on a bcc Fe \Sigma 3(111)[1-10] symmetric tilt grain boundary strength are studied using density functional theory calculations. The lowest energy configuration of the grain boundary structure are obtained from the first-principles calculations. The substitutional and interstitial point defect formation energies of vanadium in the grain boundary are compared. The substitutional defect is prefered to interstitial one. The segregation energies of vanadium onto the grain boundary and its fractured surfaces are computed. The cohesive energy calculation of the grain boundary with and without vanadium show that vanadium strengthen the bcc iron \Sigma 3(111)[1-10] grain boundary.
Genetic Analysis of Bacteriophage X clII Gene: mRNA Structural Requirements for Translation Initiation

The bacteriophage A cIl gene product regulates the lysogenic pathway. The cIl gene is located in the leftward operon, which is transcribed from the PL promoter. We have previously shown (S. Altuvia and A. B. Oppenheim, J. Bacteriol. 167:415-419, 1986) that mutations that show elevated expression lie within the clll coding sequence. We isolated mutants that show decreased CIII activity. AUl the mutations were found to cause a drastic reduction in the rate of initiation of cHl translation. Several mutations were found to be scattered within the first 40 nucleotides of the cIl coding region. Additional mutations affected the AUG initiation codon, the Shine-Dalgarno sequence, and the upstream RNaseIII processing site. Computer folding of the cIl mRNA suggested the presence of two alternative RNA structures. All the mutations within the coding region that reduce expression reduce the stability of one specific mRNA structure (structure B). Mutations that increase expression lie in the loops of this structure and may in fact stabilize it by interfering with the formation of the alternative structure (structure A). Thus, it appears that a specific mRNA secondary structure at the beginning of the cIl coding region is essential for efficient translation, suggesting that changes in mRNA structure regulate cm expression.
Bond analysis of cobalt and iron based skutterudites: elongated lanthanum bonds in LaFe4P12

Motivated by the possibility of further improving the thermoelectric properties of skutterudites we investigate charge transfer and bonding in this class of materials using density functional calculations. Results for the CoP3, CoSb3, LaFe4P12 and the hypothetical FeP3 compounds are presented using the procrystal as the non-binding reference. Spherical integration and Bader analysis are performed to illustrate charge transfer differences between these compounds. The results are in good qualitative agreement with simple electronegativity considerations. The calculations confirm that the transition metal-pnictogen and the pnictogen-pnictogen bonds are covalent, while the filler atom-pnictogen bond is of a more polar and complex nature. The success of the "rattling" cage as phonon inhibitor is explained by a unique semi-correlated bonding scheme between lanthanum and phosphorus. Elongated bonds along the crystal axes surrounds the lanthanum ion and generate a dodecahedra grid. Vibrations along the crystal axes are then closely connected to and scatter from the phosphorus rings. In the other directions, a more uncorrelated vibration is possible. This duality widens the phonon dampening possibilities.
The effect of online peer assessment in engineering education: A quasi-experimental study

This study evaluates whether online peer assessment increases student participation and thus improves their learningachievement in a database system design and analysis course. To understand the effectiveness of online peer assessmentwithin a Web 2.0 environment, we implemented an e-learning 2.0 platform to achieve the research purpose. Data werecollected from student participants in a database system design and analysis course, including Really Simple Syndication(RSS), blogs, Wiki, and other online forums. We used a quasi-experimental design method to divide participants into anexperimental group (N = 52) and a control group (N = 60). The control group was taught using a traditional face-to-faceteaching method, while the experimental group followed the same course outline but was additionally assisted by the e-learning 2.0 platform, which incorporated peer assessment mechanism. The results indicated that students in theexperimental group had significantly better academic results than those in the control group.
Collaborative network tools for the architectural analysis in conservation research

Development of net-based tools initiates a new architecture-computer science junction, offering a possibility to investigate distant exchange and updating of research work on architectural artefacts. Tools such as CAD platforms, rendering software and DBMS are integrated to the every day work of more and more architects and conservationists. Computer tools, which have been introduced in the process of analysing architecture as drawing and data management platforms, now bring to the fore a deeper change: distant analysis. The development of Web technologies and the object-oriented approach to knowledge representation give us an opportunity of research in the fields of collaborative work on architectural data models. The research presented in this paper focuses on a first set of network operative tools for a co-operation program aimed at developing Web-enabled architectural data models referring to the evolution of Cracow's Old Town Hall.
Interfacial coupling across a modified interface studied with ferromagnetic resonance

Using spin waves we directly probe the interface of an exchange biased Ni$_{80}$Fe$_{20}$/Ir$_{25}$Mn$_{75}$ film which has been modified by the presence of an Au dusting layer. Combining this experimental data with a discretised simulation model, parameters relating to interface exchange coupling and modification of interface magnetisation are determined. Exchange coupling is found to be relatively uniform as gold thickness is increased, and undergoes a sudden drop at 1.5$\textrm{\AA}$ of gold. Interface magnetisation decreases as a function of the gold dusting thickness. Antiparallel alignment of the ferromagnet and antiferromagnet supress the interface magnetisation compared to when they are in parallel alignment. These findings imply that the interface region has specific magnetisation states which depend on the ferromagnet orientation.
PERANCANGAN ALGORITMA SIMULATED ANNEALING UNTUK RUTE KENDARAAN YANG MEMPERTIMBANGKAN BACKHAUL,RUTE MAJEMUK, DAN TIME WINDOW

Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) menjadi hal yang sangat penting dalam masalah pendistribusian barang, karena perusahaan ingin mencapai hasil yang seefektif dan seefisien mungkin agar biaya yang dikeluarkan dapat diperkecil. Dalam VRP, perlu diperhatikan juga jumlah kendaraan yang digunakan dan waktu bongkar muat (loading/unloading) di tempat pelanggan, hal itu yang menjadi pembatas dalam VRP. Tujuan dari jurnal ini adalah untuk menyelesaikan masalah rute kendaraan yang mempertimbangkan backhaul, rute majemuk (multiple trips), dan time window atau yang dikenal dengan model/varian VRPBMTTW, dan akan menghitung jumlah kendaraan, total duration time (TDT), dan range of duration time (RDT). Untuk memecahkan masalah ini digunakan teknik Simulated Annealing (SA) yang merupakan suatu pendekatan algoritma yang efisien untuk memecahkan masalah optimasi kombinatorial yang sulit. Solusi awal ditingkatkan berulang-kali dengan membuat perubahan kecil hingga ditemukan solusi yang lebih baik. Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) become very important in the problem of distribution of goods, because the company wants to achieve results effectively and efficiently as possible so the cost can be reduced. In VRP, the number of vehicles used and the time of loading and unloading at the customer site, need to be considered too, it is a constraint in the VRP. The purpose of this journal is to solve the vehicle routing problem considering backhaul, multiple trips, and the time window, known as the model/variant VRPBMTTW, and will count the number of vehicles, the total duration time (TDT), and range of duration time (RDT). To solve this problem used technique Simulated Annealing (SA) which is an efficient algorithm approach to solve difficult combinatorial optimization problems. Initial solution repeatedly improved by making small changes to find a better solution. Keywords— Vehicle Routing Problem, Backhaul, Multiple Trip, Time Window, Simulated Annealing