Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of preoperative septic peritonitis and anastomotic technique on the dehiscence of enterectomy sites in dogs: A retrospective review of 210 anastomoses

OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of preoperative septic peritonitis (PSP) and stapled versus hand-sewn anastomoses on the dehiscence of intestinal resection and anastomosis (IRA). We hypothesized that the incidence of IRA dehiscence would be greater (1) when performed with PSP and (2) for hand-sewn anastomoses. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective. ANIMAL POPULATIONS Client-owned dogs at Michigan State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. METHODS Records of dogs surviving 72 hours after IRAs between 2003 and 2013 were reviewed for age, gender, neuter status, weight, presence of PSP, preoperative albumin, IRA indication and location, anastomotic technique, suture type, postoperative dehiscence and timing, duration of hospitalization, last follow-up, and other complications. Univariate logistic regression and chi-square analysis were used to screen prognostic factors; factors with P < . 3 were included in a multivariate analysis. RESULTS Two hundred and ten IRAs in 198 dogs fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Dehiscence was diagnosed in 11.4% cases, 6.6% without PSP, and 21.1% with PSP (P = .01). Indication for IRA did not influence the risk of dehiscence. No association was detected between anastomotic technique and IRA dehiscence in dogs without PSP (stapled 4.2%, hand-sewn 8.1%); however, stapled anastomoses were less likely to dehisce in dogs with PSP (stapled 9.7%, hand-sewn 28.9%). Risk factors for dehiscence included PSP (P = .005) and hand-sewn technique (P = .02). CONCLUSION Our results confirmed that PSP is a risk factor for dehiscence of IRA and suggest that patients with PSP may be a unique surgical population, in which stapling may be preferred over hand-sewn anastomoses after enterectomies.
Quasicondensation and coherence in the quasi-two-dimensional trapped Bose gas

We simulate a trapped quasi-two-dimensional Bose gas using a classical field method. To interpret our results we identify the uniform Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) temperature TBKT as where the system phase-space density satisfies a critical value. We observe that density fluctuations are suppressed in the system well above TBKT when a quasicondensate forms as the first occurrence of degeneracy. At lower temperatures, but still above TBKT, we observe the development of appreciable coherence as a prominent finite-size effect, which manifests as bimodality in the momentum distribution of the system. At TBKT algebraic decay of off-diagonal correlations occurs near the trap center with an exponent of 0.25, as expected for the uniform system. Our results characterize the low-temperature phase diagram for a trapped quasi-two-dimensional Bose gas and are consistent with observations made in recent experiments.
Study on Measurement Errors of Position Sensor with Two-Dimension Holographic Variable Line-Space Plane Gratings

In recent years, a new fiber optic position sensing technology with holographic variable line-space (VLS) plane grating is developed. The period of VLS plane grating is about less than 10 micron. The grooves of the holographic VLS plane grating are not straight in general. Due to the grooves bend of 2-D holographic VLS plane gratings, measurement errors of the position sensor are inevitable when the scanning direction of a position sensor isn't in the symmetry axis of a VLS plane grating. This work briefly describes the theoretical background to the position sensor concept and the geometry theory of holographic VLS gratings. We report a theoretical analysis of the measurement errors in two basic cases: translation deviation and rotation deviation. The proposed method has been applied to examples of computer simulation. The results obtained are quite noteworthy.
Persistent atrial fibrillation associated with gastroesophageal reflux accompanied by hiatal hernia.

lower-arm radiocephalic fistulas were created, the fistula patency was 74.1%, 64.2%, 49.8%, 33.7%, and 4.1% after 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years, respectively (7). In this presented case with diabetes the patency is much lower, so the risk for CVS is higher. In most of the papers reporting on CVS after fistula creation on the ipsilateral arm of the pacemaker, the authors suggest that phlebography should systematically be performed before the fistula is created, in order to diagnose pre-existing CVS (8). On the other hand the risk of bleeding complications is much higher in ICD implantation in a vein perfused by an AV fistula because of increased blood flow and reduced vessel compliance. With these considerations in mind we decided to implant the device on the side of the fistula protecting the other side for future AV fistula access.
SerumRetinol andCarotenoidConcentrations and Prostate Cancer Risk : Results from the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial

Background: Findings from epidemiologic studies examining associations of serum retinol and carotenoidswith prostate cancer risk have been inconsistent. This case–control study nested in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial evaluated associations of serum retinol and carotenoids with total, low-, and high-grade prostate cancer risk in a highly screened study population. Methods: We used logistic regression adjusting for age, family history of prostate cancer, race, body mass index, and serum cholesterol to estimate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of prostate cancer by quartiles of serum retinol and carotenoids, separately in the placebo (975 cases/1,009 frequency-matched controls) and finasteride (708 cases/743 frequency-matched controls) arms of the trial. Results: Serum retinol concentrations were associated with increased risk of total prostate cancer [OR (95% CI) comparing the highest quartile of serum retinol with the lowest: 1.30 (1.00–1.68)] and high-grade prostate cancer [OR (95% CI), 1.74 (1.14–2.68)] in the placebo arm of the trial only. Also in the placebo arm, there was a moderate positive association of a-carotene with risk of total prostate cancer [OR (95%CI), 1.32 (1.01–1.73)]. None of the other carotenoids was associated with prostate cancer risk in the placebo arm. No associations were observed for retinol and carotenoids in the finasteride arm. Conclusion: In the placebo arm of this prospective study, high serum retinol anda-carotene concentrations were associatedwith increased risk of total and high-grade prostate cancers. Impact:Menwith higher levels of serum retinol anda-carotene may be at increased risk for prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(10); 1–9. 2015 AACR.
Space-Fractional Diffusion with a Potential Power-Law Coefﬁcient: Transient Approximate Solution

An approximate analytical solution of transient diffusion equation with space-fractional Riemann–Liouville fracti onal derivative has been developed. The integral-balance metho d and an assumed parabolic profile with undefined exponent hav e been used. The spatial correlation the superdiffusion coefficie nt in potential power-law form has been discussed. The laws o f the spatial and temporal propagation of the solution are the primary issues . Approximate solutions based on assumed parabolic profile w ith unspecified exponent have been developed.
Measurement of the Electron Ionization Coefficient Temperature Dependence in InGaAs-based Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors

In this paper the temperature dependence of the electron ionization coefficient ¿<inf>n</inf> at low electric fields in In<inf>0.53</inf>Ga<inf>0.47</inf>As is determined by means of multiplication factor M-1 measurements in AlInAs/In<inf>0.53</inf>Ga<inf>0.47</inf>As/InP Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors. As opposed to the behavior found in most other semiconductors, our measurements show that ¿<inf>n</inf>, increases with increasing temperature. This can be a critical effect in power devices, where a positive feedback between power dissipation and impact ionization multiplication may set up.
Placebo and Opioid Analgesia-- Imaging a Shared Neuronal Network

It has been suggested that placebo analgesia involves both higher order cognitive networks and endogenous opioid systems. The rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) and the brainstem are implicated in opioid analgesia, suggesting a similar role for these structures in placebo analgesia. Using positron emission tomography, we confirmed that both opioid and placebo analgesia are associated with increased activity in the rACC. We also observed a covariation between the activity in the rACC and the brainstem during both opioid and placebo analgesia, but not during the pain-only condition. These findings indicate a related neural mechanism in placebo and opioid analgesia.
Outcome of Induced Labor in 931 Term Pregnancies

An analysis of 931 consecutive inductions of labor over an eight-year period is presented. The success rate was 90.4%. Spontaneous vaginal delivery was achieved in 83.5% of cases and the induction-delivery interval was less than 12 hours in 82.6% of cases. The preinduction state of the cervix most significantly influenced the outcome of labor, followed by maternal age and parity. Provided induction of labor was by synchronous use of forewater amniotomy and oxytocin titration, labor outcome was regularly predictable two hours after induction using the concept of latent period of labor and the cervical dilatation at eight hours from the induction. When the latent period was two hours or less, 64.2% of the patients delivered within eight hours, and vaginal delivery was achieved in all women in whom the cervical dilatation was 8 cm or more at eight hours from the induction of labor. The maternal complication rate was 12.1%, the early neonatal morbidity was 11.6%, and the stillbirth rate was 2.3%.
A GMM-Based User Model for Knowledge Recommendation

With the exponential increase of available information, the phenomenon of information overload has receivedextensive research attentions. Knowledge recommender system(KRS) is an efficient way to decrease information overload, andthe user model is very critical for KRS. This paper proposes amethod to establish a user model based on Gaussian MixtureModel (GMM). In detail, we first select the keywords fromknowledge databases, and then represent knowledge items withVector Space Model (VSM). Next, for a certain user, the VSM ofall scanned knowledge items and related scores rated by the userare combined together to be a new matrix, named as Vector SpaceModel with Rating(VSMR,with dimension of m times n), wherethe first n-1 columns represent the VSM of the items, and the finalcolumn lists the scores given by the user. And then the GMMbased user model is trained with VSMR. Finally, the traineduser model is used to predict the user's ratings on the knowledgeitems and the items with the higher score are considered as user'sinterest, which will be recommended to the user. The proposedmethod is validated by two experiments, which indicate that themethod works well.
The Lateral Enamel Lamina--Component of Tooth Primordia in Selected Mammalian Species

The lateral enamel lamina (LEL) is a part of the enamel organ, which is probably not involved in tooth formation. It represents, besides the "stalk" of the tooth primordium, a second interconnection between enamel organ and oral epithelium or vestibular lamina. We detected the LEL in the sheep ( Ovis aries ), the dolphin ( Stenella attenuata ), and the vole ( Microtus agrestis ) by light microscopy and computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction. The LEL could be found in cap to bell stage tooth primordia, most clearly in slowly developing tooth germs. LEL-like structures have been furthermore described or depicted in tooth germs of the mouse, the elk ( Alces alces ), the dugong ( Dugong dugong ), the elephant ( Loxodonta africana ), and the human. Probably it is a part of all mammalian tooth primordia that undergoes regression during morphogenesis of the enamel organ. As a reducing structure, it should be considered in studies of tooth development.
Automated Vehicle Recognition with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

In recent years there has been growing interest in the use of nonintrusive systems such as radar and infrared systems for vehicle recognition. State-of-the-art nonintrusive systems can report up to eight classes of vehicle types. Video-based systems, which arguably are the most popular nonintrusive detection systems, can report only very coarse classification levels (up to four classes), even with the best-performing vision systems. The present study developed a vision system that can report finer vehicle classifications according to FHWA’s scheme and is also comparable to other nonintrusive recognition systems. The proposed system decoupled object recognition into two main tasks: localization and classification. It began with localization by generating class-independent region proposals for each video frame, then it used deep convolutional neural networks to extract feature descriptors for each proposed region, and, finally, the system scored and classified the proposed regions by using a linear support vector machines template on the feature descriptors. The precision of the system varied by vehicle class. Passenger cars and SUVs were detected at a precision rate of 95%. The precision rates for single-unit, single-trailer, and double-trailer trucks ranged between 92% and 94%. According to receiver operating characteristic curves, the best system performance can be achieved under free flow, daytime or nighttime, and with good video resolution.
Computational study of second- and third-harmonic generation in periodically patterned 2D-3D heteromaterials

Remarkable optical and electrical properties of graphene and other two-dimensional (2D) materials provide significant potential for novel optoelectronic applications and devices, many of which depend on nonlinear optical effects in these 2D materials. In this paper we use a theoretical and computational formalism we have recently introduced to efficiently and accurately compute the linear and nonlinear optical response of nanostructured 2D materials embedded in periodic structures containing regular three-dimensional (3D) materials, such as diffraction gratings or periodic metamaterials. Thus, we use the proposed method to demonstrate enhanced nonlinear optical interactions in periodically patterned photonic nanostructures via resonant excitation of phase-matched nonlinear waveguide modes, enhanced nonlinearity of nanostructures containing graphene and other 2D nanomaterials, such as WS2, and multi-continua Fano resonances for increasing the nonlinear efficiency of hybrid 2D-3D photonic heteromaterials.
Trends and Factors Influencing Inpatient Prolapse Surgical Costs and Length of Stay in the United States

Objective This study aimed to assess trends and factors affecting inpatient hospital costs and length of stay (LOS) in surgical treatment of pelvic organ prolapse in the United States. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study along with longitudinal trend analysis from the 2001 to 2011 National Inpatient Sample included subjects who underwent inpatient prolapse repairs. The primary outcomes were inpatient mean cost per admission and LOS. We compared unadjusted differences in primary outcomes for each patient and hospital characteristic using 2011 data with analysis of variance. Multivariable regression estimated proportional change in cost and LOS associated with each characteristic. Results Unadjusted analysis revealed increased LOS with age of 80 years or older, African American race, uninsured status, lower income, and lower surgical volume hospitals (⩽75%) as well as increased costs in the West and public hospitals. On multivariable analyses, African Americans had 1.09 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–1.13; P < 0.001) times longer LOS compared with Caucasians, and the uninsured had 1.15 (95% CI, 1.01–1.30; P = 0.032) times longer LOS compared with those privately insured. Comorbidities associated with 20% increase in LOS and costs were pulmonary circulation disorders, metastatic cancer, weight loss, coagulopathy, and electrolyte/fluid imbalance (P < 0.001). Congestive heart failure and blood loss/deficiency anemia lead to 20% longer LOS (P < 0.001). In 2001–2011, mean LOS declined from 2.42 days (95% CI, 2.37–2.47) to 1.79 days (95% CI, 1.71–1.87) (P < 0.001), whereas mean total cost increased from $6233 (95% CI, $5859–$6607) to $9035 (95% CI, $8632–$9438) (P < 0.001). Conclusions Inpatient surgical costs for prolapse increased despite decreasing LOS. Some patient and hospital characteristics are associated with increased inpatient costs and LOS.
Intensional equality for process calculi based on ε-structures

The subject of the thesis is firstly to add to the understanding of the notion of intensional equality in process setting which is a complementary notion to the extensional equality and secondly to give an intensional set-theoretic semantics for processes in -structures which allows non-well-founded sets for modelling self-reference. The intensional equality allows to distinguish processes by their (syntactic) definition even if their observable behavior; i.e. their extension is equal. As a result, one can distinguish for example a wellterminating process from a deadlock one. Intensional aspects can be encoded by an additional sorting discipline. The operational semantic of sorted processes is given in terms of sorted labelled transition systems (LTS’s). The abstract denotational semantics is defined by an interpretation of LTS’s in -structures which on one hand respect the sorting and on the other hand model recursive processes without any additional topological constructions. The general semantic definition of LTS’s in -structures is introduced into the dyadic interaction calculus of Honda and Abramsky’s lazy λ-calculus as two exemplary applications in order to get an unified framework.
A Knowledge Base Guided Approach for Process Modeling in Complex Business Domain

The business process analysis requires an in-depth knowledge of factors such as the activities carried out; the actors involved; the domain or business context in which the activities are performed; the internal company structure; the current regulatory framework. This involves the employment and the collaboration of different professionals, such as business experts, domain experts and legal experts, along with a considerable effort in terms of time and resources. For the purpose of an efficient and effective management of business processes, it is also important to ensure the compliance with the company context and the flexibility with regard to changes that may occur within the company or at the legislative level. This paper shows a methodological and architectural approach guided by a knowledge base that describes the application domain. It is populated iteratively with the information extracted from the analysis of documents, regulations and requirements. The knowledge base is then used by the process designer as a guide for business process modelling and management.
Overview of the PHITS code and its application to medical physics

Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System, PHITS, is a general purpose three-dimensional Monte Carlo particle transport simulation code developed through collaboration with several institutes in Japan and Europe. To apply PHITS to medical physics, two special functions were implemented in the code: an event generator mode and a microdosimetric tally function. Utilizing these functions, a new relative-biological-effectiveness -weighted dose estimation method for charged-particle therapy was established on the basis of the double-stochastic microdosimetric kinetic model. Owing to these features, PHITS has been used for various medical applications, such as patient dose estimation for radiotherapy and computed tomography examination.
Proximal Humeral Fractures in Children and Adolescents

Background: The purpose of the study was to investigate possible reasons for the failure of closed reduction of proximal humerus fractures in children and adolescents. We assessed the rate of soft tissue entrapment, and we also investigated the long-term clinical and radiological results after an age- and deformity-focused treatment regimen according to national guidelines. Methods: Forty-three patients were included in the study. Ten (mean age, 12.4 years; range, 6-16 years) of the patients were treated conservatively. The remaining 33 patients (mean age, 14 years; range, 6-18 years) were treated surgically (n = 2 Neer grade 2, n = 16 Neer grade 3, and n = 15 Neer grade 4) with either closed (n = 16) or open reduction with internal fixation. In 17 fractures, closed anatomical reduction of the fracture under general anesthesia was not possible. Subsequent open reduction and Kirschner wire or screw fixation (n = 12) or plate fixation (n = 5) was necessary. In 9 of these 17 fractures (5 fractures were totally displaced fractures), closed reduction was impossible because of the entrapment of periost (n = 2) or the biceps tendon with parts of the periost (n = 7). At follow-up, the clinical assessment included a structured interview, a detailed physical examination, and the assessment of overall shoulder function with the Constant score. Results: Operative and postoperative complications did not occur. All surgically treated fractures anatomically reduced and healed without loss of reduction. At a mean follow-up of 39 months (range, 12-118 months), all patients who were evaluated had excellent results according to the Constant score and had a normal range of motion and excellent strength of the shoulder joint. Conclusions: A failed closed reduction should be interpreted as a possible soft tissue entrapment most likely because of the long biceps tendon. Those cases should be addressed with open reduction and removal of the entrapped structures. If anatomical reduction is achieved and maintained until fracture healing, excellent functional and radiological results can be expected from an age- and deformity-focused treatment regimen for children and adolescents with proximal humeral fractures. Level of Evidence: Level 4 (Therapeutic study).
The Line-of-Sight Depth of Populous Clusters in the Small Magellanic Cloud

We present an analysis of age, metal abundance, and positional data on populous clusters in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) with the ultimate aim of determining the line-of-sight (LOS) depth of the SMC by using these clusters as proxies. Our data set contains 12 objects and is limited to clusters with the highest-quality data for which the ages and abundances are best known and can be placed on an internally consistent scale. We have analyzed the variation of the clusters' properties with position on the sky and with line-of-sight depth. Based on this analysis, we draw the following conclusions: (1) The observational data indicate that the eastern side of the SMC (facing the Large Magellanic Cloud) contains younger and more metal-rich clusters as compared with the western side. This is not a strong correlation because our data set of clusters is necessarily limited, but it is suggestive and warrants further study. (2) Depending on how the reddening is computed to our clusters, we find a mean distance modulus that ranges from (m - M)0 = 18.71 ± 0.06 to 18.82 ± 0.05. (3) The intrinsic ±1 σ LOS depth of the SMC populous clusters in our study is between ∼6 and ∼12 kpc, depending primarily on whether we adopt the Burstein & Heiles reddenings or those from Schlegel et al. (4) Viewing the SMC as a triaxial galaxy with declination, right ascension, and LOS depth as the three axes, we find axial ratios of approximately 1 : 2 : 4. Taken together, these conclusions largely agree with those of previous investigators and underscore the utility of populous star clusters as probes of the structure of the Small Magellanic Cloud.