Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Online Kron Reduction for Economical Frequency Control of Microgrids

In this article, a distributed switched control system is proposed, which aims at frequency regulation and total generation cost minimization within a droop-based microgrid considering generator and line power constraints. The minimization is solved with the Lagrange method and is achieved by realizing the equal incremental cost criterion via a consensus algorithm. An online network reconfiguration is also proposed, which bypasses a distributed generator when it violates the generation limits or gets disconnected, or when its corresponding line power flow exceeds its upper limit. It is mathematically probed that the proposed reconfiguration is a distributed online Kron reduction, which leads to a new reduced data network; it preserves the existing spanning trees from cutting when a distributed generator is bypassed. Equilibrium analyses are conducted to show that the proposed switched system converges to the desired steady state. The stability of the system based on common quadratic Lyapunov function is discussed. The effectiveness of the proposed controller for different case studies is verified by adapting it to a test microgrid system.
Field study on thermal comfort in naturally ventilated and air-conditioned university classrooms

Maintaining a satisfactory thermal environment is of primary importance, especially when the goal is to maximize learning such as in schools or universities. This paper presents a field study conducted in Milan during summer 2017 in 16 classrooms of Politecnico di Milano, including both naturally ventilated (NV) and air-conditioned (AC) environments. This study asked 985 students to report their thermal perception and their responses were evaluated according to the measured thermal comfort parameters to assess the prediction as given by Fanger and adaptive models, according to ANSI/ASHRAE 55-2017 and EN 15251:2007 standards. Furthermore, an analysis regarding potential effects of gender in comfort perception was performed. The results confirmed the fitness of Fanger’s model for the prediction of occupants’ thermal sensations in AC classrooms with a reasonable accuracy. In NV classrooms, the Adaptive model was proven to be suitable for predicting students’ comfort zone according to ASHRAE 55 Standard, while the adaptive comfort temperatures recommended by EN 15251 were not acceptable for a large number of students. No significant differences in thermal comfort perception between genders have been observed, except for two NV classrooms in which females’ thermal sensation votes had resulted closer to neutrality in comparison to males, who expressed a warmer thermal sensation.
A New Gantry-Tau-Based Mechanism Using Spherical Wrist and Model Predictive Control-Based Motion Cueing Algorithm

SUMMARY The 3 degree-of-freedom Gantry-Tau manipulator with the addition of the spherical wrist mechanism which is called Gantry-Tau-3R is designed as a high-G simulation-based motion platform (SBMP) with the capability of generating the large linear and angular displacement. The combination of both parallel and serial manipulator in newly designed Gantry-Tau-3R mechanism improves the ability of the mechanism to regenerate larger motion signals with higher linear acceleration and angular velocity. The high-frequency signals are reproduced using the parallel part of the mechanism, and sustainable low-frequency accelerations are regenerated via the serial part due to the larger rotational motion capability, which will be used through motion cueing algorithm tilt coordination channel. The proportional integral derivative (PID) and fuzzy incremental controller (FIC) are developed for the proposed mechanism to show the high path tracking performance as a motion platform. FIC reduces the motion tracking error of the newly designed Gantry-Tau-3R and increases the motion fidelity for the users of the proposed SBMP. The proposed method is implemented using Matlab/Simulink software. Finally, the results demonstrate the accurate motion signal generation using linear model predictive motion cues with a fuzzy controller, which is not possible using the common parallel and serial manipulators.
Curative effects of Edaravone combined Batroxobin on treating acute progressive cerebral infarction

Objective To observe the curative effects of Edaravone combined Batroxobin on treating acute progressive cerebral infarction(APCI). Methods 80 patients with APCI were randomly and equally divided into two groups.United treatment group was treated with Edaravone 30 mg ivdrip bid,for 10 days,also Batroxobin ivdrip on 1st,3rd,5th day,dose was 10 BU,5 BU,5 BU,respectively.Control group was treated with Batroxobin only,usage was the same as united treatment group.Neurological deficit scores and blood clotting index were examined before and after treatment in both groups.Results The total effective rate(95%) of the unite treatment group was obviously higher than that of the control group(75%)(P0.05). The levels of plasma fibrinogen were significantly decreased after treatment in both two groups(all P0.05). No significant differences in platelets,bleeding time,coagulation time and prothrombin time before and after treatment in both groups.One case in united treatment group occurred hypodermic bruise.Conclusion Edaravone combined Batroxobin are remarkable effective in the therapy on APCI without obvious side effect.
Motion Control of a Magnetic Levitation Actuator Based on a Wrench Model Considering Yaw Angle

Magnetic levitation positioning systems have attracted an increasing amount of attentions for many modern industrial applications because they can work in a large range of motion in multiple degrees of freedoms (DoFs) with resolutions as small as nanometer and microradian levels. In this article, a 6-DoF positioning system based on four linear magnetic levitation actuators (MLAs) is designed and tested. In contrast to the existing modeling method, this article takes the yaw angle into account in the magnetic force and torque solutions of the linear MLA, and the revised model is employed in motion control. The raw data from the sensing system are processed by the Newton–Raphson method for the position and rotation motions of the translator. The PID compensator controls the equivalent second-order system as the motions in different axes are decoupled by the proposed wrench model. Experimental results related to the motion resolution, range of motion, step response, trajectory tracking, and payload capacity are given to evaluate the performance of the prototype. The results show that the stroke of the maglev system is a volume of $\text{20}\, \times \text{20}\, \times \text{4}\,\text{mm}$ with a rotational range of $\text{0.05}\,\times \text{0.05}\, \times \text{0.2}\,\text{rad}$, and that the positioning precision depends on the resolution of the sensing system. Additionally, the advantages of the proposed modeling method considering the yaw angle are validated via a comparison with the decoupling results based on the traditional modeling method.
Classification of Complex Power Quality Disturbances Using Optimized S-Transform and Kernel SVM

Accurate power quality disturbance (PQD) classification is significantly important for power grid pollution control. However, the use of nonlinear loads makes power system signals complex and distorted and, thus, increases the difficulty of detecting and classifying PQD signals. To address this issue, this article first proposes an optimized S-transform (OST). It optimizes different window parameters to improve time-frequency resolution using maximum energy concentration. A kernel SVM (KSVM) classifier is proposed to classify multiple features using a combination of kernels. Integrating OST and KSVM, a classification framework is further proposed to detect and classify various PQD signals. Extensive experiments on computer simulations and experimental signals demonstrate that the proposed classification framework shows better performance than several state-of-art methods in classifying not only single and multiple PQD signals but also PQD signals with different noise levels. More importantly, our framework has superior performance in detecting nonlinearly mixed PQD signals.
A Survey on Application of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access to Different Wireless Networks

The fifth generation (5G) wireless systems are anticipated to meet unprecedented capacity and latency requirements. In order to resolve these challenges in 5G, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is considered as a promising technique due to its ability to enhance spectrum efficiency and user access. As opposed to conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) which relies on orthogonal resource sharing, NOMA has a potential of supporting a higher number of users by multiplexing different users in the same resource in a non-orthogonal manner. With advanced receiver techniques, such as successive interference cancellation (SIC), the intra-user interference can be minimized at the NOMA receiver. To date, there are comprehensive surveys on NOMA, which describe the integration of NOMA with different communication technologies and discuss different NOMA classifications. However, the existing literature is scarce in reviewing state-of-the-art applications of NOMA from the perspective of its application to cellular networks (CNs), device-to-device (D2D) communications, and wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Therefore, the purpose of this survey is to fill this gap in knowledge. Specifically, NOMA with its underlying concepts are elaborated in detail. In addition, detailed system model of different NOMA-based wireless networks is presented. Furthermore, irrespective of the underlying spatial topology of the considered NOMA-based wireless network, general analytical expressions are presented to characterize the network performance. Finally, some challenges related to NOMA design are highlighted and potential research directions are pointed out to address these issues.
Design of QCA-Serial Parallel Multiplier (QSPM) With Energy Dissipation Analysis

This brief presents an efficient single-layer serial-parallel multiplier (SPM) in Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA). We have designed a bit-serial adder (BSA) using a fully utilized majority gate (MV), and a modified E-shaped exclusive-OR (E-XOR) gate. The cell-interactive properties of the QCA cell have been utilized to realize the proposed E-XOR gate. This new gate leads the proposed SPM to achieve a reduction in cell count and area by 30% and 19%, 29% and 24%, 30% and 22%, 32% and 39%, and 36% and 46% for 4-, 8-, 16-, 32-, and 64-bit multipliers, respectively. All proposed circuits have been simulated and verified by using QCADesigner with a coherence vector simulation engine. In addition, the average switching and leakage energy dissipation are estimated using QCAPro tool.
Examining the Effect of Geometry Changes in Industrial Fuel Injection Systems on Hydrodynamic Structures With BiGlobal Linear Stability Analysis

Shape optimization with respect to the suppression or enhancement of dynamical flow structures is an important topic in combustion research and beyond. In this paper, we investigate the flow in an industrial fuel injection system by experimental means, as well as large eddy simulation (LES) and linear stability analysis (LSA) for two configurations of the swirler. In the first configuration, the reference geometry, a precessing vortex core (PVC) occurs. In the second configuration, a center body is mounted in the interior of the injector. It is shown by both experiments and LES that the PVC is suppressed by the presence of the center body, while the mean flow remains nearly unaffected. The method of LSA is applied in order to explain the effect of the geometry change. The work shows that LSA is capable of explaining the occurrence or disappearance of coherent structures evolving on the turbulent flows if the geometry is changed. This is an important step in using LSA in the context of shape optimization of industrial fuel injectors.
A Generating All-Polymeric Touching Sensing System

In this article, a generating all-polymeric touchpad is proposed. The system is based on a novel class of composites, named ionic polymer–polymer composites. The composites exploit the migration of mobile ions inside a three-layer membrane for generating an electrical signal when deformed. The touchpad consists of two sensors, which bend according to the touching point. The signals produced by the two sensors are conditioned by using a differential configuration, providing a symmetric output voltage. In this article, the working principle is described and modeled. Then, the realization of a prototype is shown in detail. Finally, the results of a measuring survey, performed to obtain touchpad characterization, are given. The proposed system demonstrates the possibility of realizing next-generation polymer-based devices for motion measurements.
The Proposal in an Engineering Context: A Field Study of Document Development.

The Proposal in an Engineering Context: A Field Study of Document Development" by Terry Martin McConathy The specific goal of this field study was to develop an empirically-based description of engineering proposals as they are developed and used in their natural context; this goal was designed to provide a data base for further study addressing the general research interest of why the descriptions of proposals in technical writing textbooks vary so significantly from the types of proposals produced an used in a nonacademic environment, specifically engineering. Using strategies borrowed and adapted from sociological and anthropological research methodologies, the study focused on collecting field-based data through interviews, field notes, questionnaires, and artifacts about the form, content, structure, and use of proposals by an engineering firm in state, federal, and municipal projects. Analysis of the data confirmed the discrepancy between the characterization of proposals in textbooks and the configuration and function of proposals in the study’s context. The staging framework, taxonomy, and lexicon developed for the proposals used by the firm highlighted four major focuses for further study: (1) a correlation
Analysing Causes and Preventive Measures of Occurring SARS among Medical Workers

OBJECTIVE To investigate the cause of and preventive measure against infection among medical workers during the time of SARS in hospital, and provide advices for medical workers so as to decrease occurrence of nosocomial infections. METHODS Clinical festures, infective causes and gradually improved preventive measures among medical workers with SARS from Feb to Apr 2003 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS Eleven nurses and 8 doctors with SARS in our hospital were contaminated by contacting patients SARS or their secrected materials closely with. Nosocomial infections were controlled by gradually improved measures of disinfection and isolation and strengthened education during the process. CONCLUSIONS Improving management and supervision of nosocomial infections and emphasizing personal prevention are the keys to reduce nosocomial infections with SARS.
Association between helicobacter pylori and cervic cancer

[Objective] To investigate the relation between helicobacter pylori and cervic cancer. [Method] Rapid biopsy urease test was used to detect H.pylori infection in different classes of cervic disease. [Results] There had a higer positive of H.pylori in chronic cervic erosin(15/32)(P 0.05)in all groups,but in the chronic erosion Ⅱ°(11/32)is the highest.Cervic cancer has been found in 4 cases(P 0.05)and all are squamous cell carcinoma.It is at the earlier stage of chronic pathology changings in the process of cervic cancer happened.The age group shows that most positive happened during 40～60 years old groups(8/32)(P 0.05). At last,except one patients,all orthers are belonged to the different cities. [Conclusion] The study indicates Helicobacter pylori is the causative agent of cervic cancer happened.Further studies are needed to evaluate its rule in H.pylori transmission and relapse of chronic cervic erosion which lead to cervic cancer.
Design and evaluation of a technological-enhanced lab environment for a systems and network administration course

Advances in technology are influencing all fields including education. Recently, we have observed a wide use of emerging technologies to support and facilitate the establishment of virtual laboratories with many benefits that overcome the constraints of traditional physical laboratories. These laboratories provide a number of advantages such as remote 24/7 access, flexibility, freedom to learn at one’s own pace, to reset/retrial experiments without wasting resources in a safe environment and providing new opportunities for learning. Although virtual and remote laboratories provide many new opportunities for learning, they have not necessarily been shown to assist students in achieving higher learning outcomes. How do we design technology-enhanced lab environments for effective learning? To answer this research question, this thesis conducts a comprehensive literature review on technology-enhanced lab environments. In the literature review, we observe that pedagogical techniques integrated with virtual lab environments provide the best outcomes for student learning. Based on the findings, a hypothesis is proposed that considers a holistic view of designing technology-enhanced lab environments taking into consideration learning context, curriculum, learning activities, assessments, technology artefacts based on pedagogical and learning theories and principles (PLTs). To validate the hypothesis, a technology-enhanced lab environment is developed and evaluated for a particular learning context: a systems-level course in computing. A literature review on technology-enhanced lab environments in systems level courses in computing reveal that only a few studies consider pedagogy in the design of such lab environments. In this thesis, we propose, design and evaluate a comprehensive pedagogical framework that incorporates both technological and pedagogical considerations for teaching in a network and system administration course. The framework incorporates learning theories and principles, such as Biggs’s Constructive Alignment, Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle (ELC), in its design and innovative technology tools such as virtual labs and feedback tool. The proposed framework is developed in two iterations and evaluated in real-world classroom environments following a Design-based Research (DBR) methodology. The evaluation consists of student perceptions of the proposed framework using mixed methods and the impact on student learning. In the first iteration, two architectures for virtual labs implementation and a feedback tool are developed and evaluated. A quasi-experiment is conducted to evaluate the impact of the technology intervention. The results provided useful insights that guided the design of the second
Suitability of finger jointed structural timber for construction

Timber is widely used as a building material in the construction industry. As it is in short supply, there is now a high demand for timber in the construction industry. This has made waste timber utilization for construction important. Finger jointing can be used to connect two small pieces of waste timber. Machinery is now available in Sri Lanka to fasten, using finger jointing, the timber pieces that are used for the manufacture of furniture. As it is important to determine the structural properties of finger jointed timber, three point bending and compression tests using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) were conducted on samples of selected timber species commercially available in Sri Lanka, in accordance with British Standard 73:1957 to determine these properties. Samples were finger jointed with a finger length of 19 mm using the adhesive, Fevicol SWR. Satin with its high resistance to bending is found to be the most suitable species for finger jointing. The tests carried out indicated that when finger jointed, the bending strength of Satin gets reduced by only 9.5%. In the compression parallel to grain test, Jak displayed the minimum reduction of 1.53% in its compressive strength. In the timber species tested, finger jointing was found to be 100% effective in resisting compression perpendicular to grain. The compressive strength of Pine is found to be increased by 27.39% when it is under compression perpendicular to grain. Strength classes of the timber species selected were identified from British Standard 5268-2:2002. According to the results of the statistical analysis made on the mechanical (both experimental and theoretical) properties of timber species available in Sri Lanka, Satin, Pine and Grandis are found to be suitable for finger jointing for use as structural elements. The compressive strength of finger jointed Grandis and Pine are found to be too poor for use as structural elements. Finger jointing of Teak is found to be cost effective. Finally, it is recommended that further studies be done on using finger jointed local timber waste.
Stability Research of the Main-Line Locomotive Movement

To ensure an increase in the design speed with simultaneous improvement of the traction, braking and dynamic qualities of the rolling stock, to increase the level of traffic safety and reduce accident rates the main-line locomotive was considered. A complex of theoretical research of free oscillations, factoring in viscous friction and forced oscillations, was carried out. When considering forced oscillations, the irregularity of a railway track in the vertical direction, due to the rail joints, was taken into account. Graphs of changes in the vertical movements of a body and a bogie were obtained both analytically and using a software package. The results of theoretical research correlate with the experimental data, which allows at the first stages of designing the new rolling stock units (according to the authors) to significantly reduce the cost for field tests.
STUDY OF TEC VARIATIONS USING PERMANENT STATIONS GNSS DATA IN RELATION WITH SEISMIC EVENTS. APPLICATION ON SAMOTHRACE EARTHQUAKE OF 24 MAY 2014

This study investigates the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) variations prior to the earthquake (MW = 6.9) of 24 May 2014 in Samothraki island of north Aegean Sea in Greece. TEC estimates were analyzed using data from GNSS (GPS+Glonass) permanent networks with the aim to detect possible ionospheric anomalies associate with the seismic event. The test period covers one week of data, 4 days before and two days after the event. Selected GNSS stations are scattered around seismic epicenter of distances from 16 up to 1375 km. TEC values estimated for every hour using PPP technique with Bernese GPS software. A comparison with global TEC estimates derived from CODE and JPL institute confirms the validation of results. It is found that a significant decrease 1-day prior to earthquake occurs at all of the selected stations. This result is not obvious when standard ionospheric model is performed for the estimation of TEC. Therefore, in such cases the use of dedicated GNSS processing data scenario is mandatory. A spatial analysis on TEC estimates with geometrical properties shows that the 1-day decrement is related with the EQ shock and may point the location area of the Earthquake. Finally, we conclude that the lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling (LAIC) mechanism through acoustic or gravity waves has a key role for this phenomenology.