Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrologic conditions controlling runoff generation immediately after wildfire

We investigated the control of postwildfire runoff by physical and hydraulic properties of soil, hydrologic states, and an ash layer immediately following wildfire. The field site is within the area burned by the 2010 Fourmile Canyon Fire in Colorado, USA. Physical and hydraulic property characterization included ash thickness, particle size distribution, hydraulic conductivity, and soil water retention curves. Soil water content and matric potential were measured indirectly at several depths below the soil surface to document hydrologic states underneath the ash layer in the unsaturated zone, whereas precipitation and surface runoff were measured directly. Measurements of soil water content showed that almost no water infiltrated below the ash layer into the near‐surface soil in the burned site at the storm time scale (i.e., minutes to hours). Runoff generation processes were controlled by and highly sensitive to ash thickness and ash hydraulic properties. The ash layer stored from 97% to 99% of rainfall, which was critical for reducing runoff amounts. The hydrologic response to two rain storms with different rainfall amounts, rainfall intensity, and durations, only ten days apart, indicated that runoff generation was predominantly by the saturation‐excess mechanism perched at the ash‐soil interface during the first storm and predominantly by the infiltration‐excess mechanism at the ash surface during the second storm. Contributing area was not static for the two storms and was 4% (saturation excess) to 68% (infiltration excess) of the catchment area. Our results showed the importance of including hydrologic conditions and hydraulic properties of the ash layer in postwildfire runoff generation models.
Correction of Class II Malocclusions in Growing Patients by Using the Invisalign Â® Technique: Rational Bases and Treatment Staging

Over the past two decades, several articles have demonstrated that the prevalent skeletal feature in Class II patients consists of mandibular retrusion [1-7]. For such reason, an effective universally accepted treatment strategy is based on promoting a mesial repositioning of the mandible to correct the Class II relationship. Moreover, from a dental analysis, it has been shown that up to 85% of Class II patients’ present mesial rotation of their maxillary 1st and 2nd molars. One cause for displacement of molars is the mesial movement into the leeway space left during transition from mixed to permanent dentition [8,9]. This creates a loss of arch length and results in mesial rotation of the remaining dentition anteriorly, creating a Class II cuspid relationship and increased overjet. In Class II div. 2, there is a palatal version of the central upper incisors with reduced overjet and limited mandibular advancement. Hence, any appliance that demonstrates the ability to significantly stimulate mandibular growth would be an important asset to a clinician’s armamentarium [10-13]. More recently, clear aligner technology has evolved over the past 10 years with such appliances continuously being modified to broaden the range of tooth movements they can achieve [14]. Nowadays, it is possible to correct every type of malocclusion by using aligners: deep bite, open bite, cross bites, severe crowding, Class II and Class III malocclusions [15-17]. In literature, a number of scientific articles including case reports show proper correction of Class II malocclusions by using aligners. However, treatment protocols are not so clearly evidenced at times so as to allow for a standardization and simplification of such orthodontic treatments, which would implement success rate [18-22]. The aim of this work is to show how it is possible to treat Class II malocclusions by means of aligners according to suggested treatment protocols herein.
Synthesis and Ab Initio Study of Pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine Derivatives

Tetrahydrobenzo(b)pyran derivatives 1 were utilized for the synthesis of several new pyrano(2,3-d)pyrimidine derivatives 2. Compound 2 was obtained in the presence of Ac 2O/H 2SO 4 (as a catalyst) and was confirmed by spectroscopic data such as IR, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR. Ab initio calculation was carried out to study geometric optimization, thermodynamic parameters, aromaticity and dynamic process of conformational analysis for compound 2.
On the induced charge density distribution in streaming plasmas

Motivated by experiments on the generation of streaming plasmas in high energy density facilities,industrial setups, and fundamental dusty plasma research, the plasma polarization around a test charge instreaming plasmas is considered in this work. The induced charge density distribution of the plasmaconstituents is discussed for the subsonic, sonic, and supersonic regime taking into account the non-Maxwellian distribution of the flowing ions. It is shown that the plasma polarization (the plasmawakefield) in the vicinity of the test charge shows different scaling in the subsonic and supersonicregimes, where Mach number is defined as the ratio of the ion streaming velocity and the ion soundspeed. In contrast to the wake potential, the density decays strongly monotonically in the plasma wakeand does not exhibit an oscillatory pattern or trailing maxima. Therefore, the picture of an ion focusingeffect creating a separated ion region downstream was not confirmed.
Abstracts The Édouard Lucas Memorial Lecture

The Édouard Lucas Memorial Lecture Hugh C. Williams, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Mersenne, Fibonacci and Lucas: The Mersenne Prime Story and Beyond On Dec. 26 of last year, it was announced that the 50th known Mersenne prime had been identified. This is an enormous number of 23,249,425 decimal digits and is currently the largest known prime number. In spite of the size of this number we are able to prove it prime by a simple algorithm that was discovered in 1876 by Édouard Lucas. Lucas discovered this procedure as a result of his examination of the properties of Fibonacci numbers. In this talk I will briefly discuss the development of the concept of a Mersenne prime and then describe Lucas’ ideas concerning how the primality of such numbers can be established. I will also detail some aspects of Lucas’ career and conclude with a discussion of his unsuccessful search for a generalization of his technique.
TROPICAL FOREST REMOTE SENSING SERVICES FOR THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO INSIDE THE EU FP7 'RECOVER' PROJECT (FINAL RESULTS 2000-2012)

Abstract. ‘ReCover’ was a 3-year EU-FP7 project (Nov. 2010 – Dec. 2013), aiming to develop and improve science based remote sensing services to support tropical forest management and activities to reduce emission from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) in the tropical region (Hame et al., 2012). This is an overview of the final ReCover service delivery of 2000-2012 single-year optical (Landsat, ALOS AVNIR-2, RapidEye) and C-and L-band SAR (Envisat ASAR and ALOS Palsar, respectively) image mosaics, their derived forest/non-forest maps, a multi-sensor forest change map (2000-2010) and a biomass map (based on 2003-2009 ICESat GLAS) o he user of he De ocr ic Repub ic of Congo DRC), he Observatoir Satellitale des Fore s d’Afrique Cen r e OSFAC). The results are an improvement from a first iteration service delivery in 2012 after a critical review and validation process by both, the user and service providers, further method development and research, like a prior statistical data analysis considering temporal/seasonal variability, improved data pre-processing, and through the use of ground reference data collected in March 2013 for classification training. Validation with Kompsat-2 VHR data for the 2010 forest/non-forest maps revealed accuracies of 87% and 88% for optical and radar sensors, respectively.
The effect of morphological complexity on short-term memory capacity

The main purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between verbal short-term memory and the morphological complexity of words. Hungarian, as an agglutinative language, is of special interest for psycholinguistic inquiries in morphology. The authors presented two word-list recall experiments. The recall of the word list was measured by the classical span design. The item lists consisted of two-syllable stems (base words) and two- syllable morphologically complex words (stem+suffix). Within each list the words were of the same length, the same phonological structure (CVCVC), the same frequency and the same concreteness. The same experimental design was used with three-syllable words as well. Results indicated that morphological complexity had a significant negative effect on short- term memory span, and that memory was better for derived words (e.g., boy+ hood) than inflected words (e.g., boy+ s), and regular than irregular words.
Mathematical modeling and control of lower extremity exoskeleton

In this study, a new active control strategy of 2 degrees of freedom exoskeleton robot was realized. Firstly, a double-pendulum mechanism is used to demonstrate the human amplifier robot which follows and assists the healthy human low body movements. Secondly, mathematical model of this system is created and the PID control method was applied to the robot. Feedback information for controller was supported via the pressure forces sensors, which located at the front and rear of the leg between the human leg and the double-pendulum links. The simulation results are obtained for three motion scenarios and interpreted graphically. According to the graphically obtained results, it is obvious that the robot can successfully follow the human leg under different load conditions and successfully carry these loads without transferring them to the leg muscles. The proposed TDB model appears to be a suitable model for describing the motion of the exoskeleton robot.
Induced entanglement entropy of harmonic oscillators in non-commutative phase space

We study the entanglement entropy of harmonic oscillators in non-commutative phase space (NCPS). We propose a new definition of quantum Rényi entropy based on Wigner functions in NCPS. Using the Rényi entropy, we calculate the entanglement entropy of the ground state of the 2D isotropic harmonic oscillators. We find that for some values of the non-commutative parameters, the harmonic oscillators can be entangled in NCPS. This is a new entanglement-like effect caused by the non-commutativity of the phase space.
Chelating effect of silver nitrate by chitosan on its toxicity and growth performance in broiler chickens

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the chelating effect of silver nitrate (AgNO3) by chitosan on growth performances, hematological and biochemical parameters, and the histopathological structure of the liver and the kidney in broiler chicken. Materials and methods: A total of 192 day-old Cobb 500 strain chicks were randomly assigned to 3 treatments of 64 chicks each. Control group was fed on basal diet without supplement (R0) and the two others groups were fed on rations supplemented with 10 mg of unchelated (RAg) or chelated (RCs-Ag) AgNO3 per Kg of feed, respectively. Parameters that have been studied consisted of feed intake, weight gain, blood and serum biochemical, and histopathological analyses of liver and kidney. Results: Results revealed that chelation of AgNO3 by chitosan did not have any effect on growth performances and hematological parameters in chicken. However, chelated and unchelated AgNO3 increased the serum content in triglyceride, and cholesterol and decreased the serum content in creatinin, albumin and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT). Chelating AgNO3 with chitosan prevented and corrected the toxicity induced on the histological structure of liver and kidney. Conclusion: Chitosan can be used as a chelating agent to alleviate the harmful effects of AgNO3 as silver ion for poultry. http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2017. d210 XML PubReader
Tracking the Human Mobility Using Mobile Device Sensors

We developed a novel, proof-of-concept side-channel attack framework called RouteDetector, which identifies a route for a train trip by simply reading smart device sensors: an accelerometer, magnetometer, and gyroscope. All these sensors are commonly used by many apps without requiring any permissions. The key technical components of RouteDetector can be summarized as follows. First, by applying a machine-learning technique to the data collected from sensors, RouteDetector detects the activity of a user, i.e., “walking,” “in moving vehicle,” or “other. ” Next, it extracts departure/arrival times of vehicles from the sequence of the detected human activities. Finally, by correlating the detected departure/arrival times of the vehicle with timetables/route maps collected from all the railway companies in the rider’s country, it identifies potential routes that can be used for a trip. We demonstrate that the strategy is feasible through field experiments and extensive simulation experiments using timetables and route maps for 9,090 railway stations of 172 railway companies. key words: mobile security, side-channel attack, location identification
Have we been successful? Monitoring horizontal forest complexity for forest restoration projects

Forest management today often seeks to restore ecological integrity and enhance human well‐being by increasing forest complexity, resilience, and functionality. However, effective and financially expedient monitoring of forest complexity is challenging. In this study, we developed a practical and inexpensive technique to measure horizontal forest complexity. This monitoring method uses intuitively understandable data (imagery) and facilitates stakeholder participation in the adaptive management process within collaborative projects. We used this technique to determine if current restoration projects are successfully achieving their spatial restoration goals. We focused on the Colorado Front Range Landscape Restoration Initiative (CFRLRI) as a representative of the typical collaborative restoration projects underway in formerly fire‐dependent dry conifer forests. The developed monitoring method is practical and cost‐effective by using free aerial imagery to map, quantify, and analyze the distribution of canopy cover pre‐ and post‐treatment. We found the CFRLRI has successfully reduced canopy cover (from 44 to 26% on average) and increased some aspects of horizontal forest complexity. The application of these monitoring techniques has allowed the CFRLRI collaborative group to objectively quantify changes to horizontal forest complexity, and has facilitated stakeholder communication about forest spatial patterns. These methods could be adapted for use by other similar forest restoration projects around the world by utilizing increasingly available satellite or aerial imagery.
A hand-guided robotic drill for cochleostomy on human cadavers

Background An arm supported robotic drill has been recently demonstrated for preparing cochleostomies in a pilot research clinical trial. In this paper, a hand-guided robotic drill is presented and tested on human cadaver trials. Methods The innovative smart tactile approach can automatically detect drilling mediums and decided when to stop drilling to prevent penetrating the endosteum. The smart sensing scheme has been implemented in a concept of a hand guided robotic drill. Results Experiments were carried out on two adult cadaveric human bodies for verifying the drilling process and successfully finished cochleostomy on three cochlea. The advantage over a system supported by a mechanical arm includes the flexibility in adjusting the trajectory to initiate cutting without slipping. Using the same concept as a conventional drilling device, the user will also be benefit from the lower setup time and cost, and lower training overhead. Conclusion The hand-guided robotic drill was recently developed for testing on human cadavers. The robotic drill successfully prepared cochleostomies in all three cases.
An Efficient Method for THD Minimization in Multilevel Inverter’s

In this paper, minimization of total harmonic distortion (THD) is discussed for the output voltage of multilevel inverter. THD minimization is an efficient method in reduction of the harmonic components of the inverter’s output voltage. In multilevel inverters, the switching angles can be selected in a way that the output voltage THD will be minimized. Given that THD minimization is an optimization problem, intelligent algorithm is found to be an appropriate alternative in this regard. Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm and Harmony Search Algorithm are employed to find optimum switching angles to generate desired voltage value in the possible minimum THD. The obtained results of two algorithms are compared with each other to determine that which algorithm is more efficient in this regard. Also, both simulation and experimental results indicate superiority of this approach over the published work using GA in this concept. The experiments are conducted on a seven-level inverter to validate the feasibility of presented approach.
Instructor Responses to Poor Student Communication Performance: An Attributional Interpretation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors which influence an instructor's choice of behavior when confronted with incidents of poor communication performance. The data indicate that communication instructors were acting in a ILanner consistent with the hypotheses suggested by the attribution model presented by Mitchell and Green (1978) and Green and Mitchell (1979). A summary of our findings is as follows. First, in their evaluation of students involved in an incident of poor performance, there was an internal bias on the part of instructors to attribute causality more to internal factors than to external factors. This bias towards internal attributions was increased %sten the work history of the student was poor and when the outcome was serious. Second, the behaviors chosen as responses to the poor performance were related to the attributions and the surrounding circumstances. The more internal the attribution, the more the response was directed at the student.
Micro-Doppler based target classification using multi-feature integration

Three novel micro-Doppler feature extraction algorithms are presented and applied to a dataset containing real X-band radar data of moving ground targets. In each case data dimensional reduction was carried out using principal component analysis (PCA) and incorporated into the feature extraction process. Extracted features are classified using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. It was found that all three algorithms were able to produce classification accuracies in excess of 90%. The performance of the different algorithms are shown to depend on the method used and the degree of dimensionality reduction imposed at the PCA stage.
Ascribing Advantages to Social Comparison Targets

Three experiments examined how people perceive a social comparison target when a dimension important to identity is threatened and a relatively unfavorable social comparison is anticipated. All 3 experiments show that people will perceive or exaggerate advantages in a target, that make the target inappropriate for social comparison, when they anticipate a comparison with the target and are uncertain of the outcome. Experiments 2 and 3 show that reports of some target advantages are moderated by individual differences in self-esteem, such that people with low self-esteem are more likely than people with high self-esteem to perceive that a comparison target enjoys subtle, subjective advantages. Finally, Experiment 3 shows that the report of overt target advantages reflects actual perceptions on the part of the perceiver, and are not merely self-presentational claims intended to manage audience attributions.
Agromorphological, Chemical and Biochemical Characterization of Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita moschata, Cucurbitaceae) Morphotypes Cultivated in Cameroon

This study was aimed at evaluating pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita moschata) morphotypes cultivated in Cameroon. A prospective survey was undertaken to sample the knowhow of peasants on the management of pumpkin, followed by an agromorphological, chemical and biochemical characterization in the West (O), Centre (C) and East (E) Regions. The survey revealed that pumpkin is mainly cultivated by women, and that about 20% is grown in association with other crops like maize, cassava and groundnuts. A total of 27 morphotypes were collection from the three regions. The most cultivated morphotypes, C2, C4, C5, E1, E2, E4, O2, O4 and O5 are equally the most consumed by the sampled populations. Principal components analysis on 10 variables revealed a variation between individuals. A positive correlation (r = 0.43; P> 0.05) was observed between fruit weight and grain number. Ascendant hierarchical classification (CAH) helped to produce a dendrogramme which groups morphotypes into three statistically homogenous classes at a distance of R2= 0.62. Analysis of chemical and biochemical constituents revealed no significant difference between the groups of morphotypes for all parameters (P <0.05) except for sodium and total sugars. These results constitute ground work for selection and improvement of Cucurbita species in Cameroon.
Optical Properties of the Narrow-Band Ferroelectrics: First Principle Calculations

Based on density functional theory, we have studied the electronic, and optical properties of narrow-band ferroelectric compounds – (Ge,Sn) Te. Generalized gradient approximation has been used for modeling exchange-correlation effects. The lattice parameters of the considered compounds have been calculated. The calculated electronic band structure shows that GeTe and SnTe compounds have a direct forbidden band gap of 0.742 and 0.359 . The real and imaginary parts of dielectric functions and therefore, the optical functions such as energy-loss function, as well as the effective number of valance electrons and the effective optical dielectric constant are all calculated. Our structural estimation and some other results are in agreement with the available experimental and theoretical data.
Comparison of field and airborne laser scanning based crown cover estimates across land cover types in Kenya

Tree crown cover (CC) provides means for the continuous land cover characterization of complex tropical landscapes with multiple land uses and variable degrees of degradation. It is also a key parameter in the international forest definitions that are basis for monitoring global forest cover changes. Recently, airborne laser scanning (ALS) has emerged as a practical method for accurate CC mapping, but ALS derived CC estimates have rarely been assessed with field data in the tropics. Here, our objective was to compare the various field and ALS based CC estimates across multiple land cover types in the Taita Hills, Kenya. The field data was measured from a total of 178 sample plots (0.1 ha) in 2013 and 2014. The most accurate field measurement method, line intersect sampling using Cajanus tube, was used in 37 plots. Other methods included CC estimate based on the tree inventory data (144 plots), crown relascope (43 plots) and hemispherical photography (30 plots). Three ALS data sets, including two scanners and flying heights, were acquired concurrently with the field data collection. According to the results, the first echo cover index (FCI) from ALS data had good agreement with the most accurate field based CC estimates (RMSD 7.1% and 2.7% depending on the area and scan). The agreement with other field based methods was considerably worse. Furthermore, we observed that ALS cover indices were robust between the different scans in the overlapping area. In conclusion, our results suggest that ALS provides a reliable method for continuous CC mapping across tropical land cover types although dense shrub layer and tree-like herbaceous plants can cause overestimation of CC.