Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microwave Heating Rapidly Alters Ginsenoside Composition of Fresh Ginseng ( Panax ginseng CA Meyer)

Heating and drying is an important process to improve the preservation of herbs and its bioactive constituents. Ginseng is most popular medical herbs worldwide. Red ginseng is one of the products, which is prepared by heating and drying fresh ginseng. Red ginseng have ginsensides Rg3, Rg3, and Rk1 which is known for beneficial effect on inflammation, cancer, and obesity compared with other types of ginseng product. However, it is required to spend for long time to produce red ginseng with traditional preparation method. Thus, we aimed to develop a convenient ginseng process method that increases the unique form of bioactive ginsenoside in fresh ginseng. Microwave heating was used as a source of heating energy to dry and heating of fresh ginseng. Our result showed that fresh ginseng treated with microwave heating for 40 min efficiently increased the both of protopanaxadiol (PPD) and protopanaxatriol (PPT) in ginseng. In particular, red ginseng specific-detected ginsenosides Rg3, Rg5, and Rk1 were found in ginseng treated with microwave heating for 40 min compared with other periods of microwave heating condition. In addition, the appearance quality of ginseng after heating and drying affect the market value of ginseng. We observed that fresh ginseng treated with microwave heating for 40 min increased the composition of ginsenoside with proper color change of ginseng. Thus, microwave heating not only can alter the composition of ginsenosides in the short time, but also can improve the appearance of ginseng after heating and drying the processes. Moreover, our method might bring a benefit to produce high quantity of bioactive ginsenoside with a convenient process in ginseng-associated food industry.
OSTRACISM EXPERIENCE SCALE FOR ADOLESCENTS: TURKISH VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY

Purpose of the study is to realize the Turkish adaptation, validity and reliability study of Ostracism Experience Scale for Adolescents (OES-A), which was developed by Gilman, Carter-Sowell, DeWall, Adams, and Carboni (2013). The study was conducted with 461 adolescents aged between 14 and 17, in Istanbul. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor analyses revealed that Turkish version of the scale has preserved the two factor construct of the original scale. OES-A consists of totally 11 items, distributed in two subscales. OES-A is a self-report, five point likert type instrument that measures two ostracism subtypes: Exclusion (6 items) and Ignorance (5 items). Factor loadings of the items are ranged from . 83 to . 59. All item-total correlations coefficients fell with the range of . 75 and . 83. Cronbach Alpha Coefficients were calculated as . 82 for Ignorance Scale, and . 83 for Exclusion Scale. Test re-test coefficients were found to be . 65 for Ignorance Scale, and . 63 for Exclusion Scale. In order to test the convergent validity of the instrument UCLA Loneliness Scale was administrated to another group of participants (n=343), correlations between two scales is calculated . 55 for Ignorance Scale, and . 45 for exclusion Scale.
Consumer Perceived Corporate Ethicality Impact on Retail Chain Image: Examination from Vicarious and Personal Perspectives

Understanding of consumers perceptions of ethicality in companies’ actions has been the focus of increasing attention. Today when companies experience pressure for ethicality, the ethical issues in industries could not be ignored. One of the ways to achieve competitive advantage in retailing industry is to promote the retail chain image. The ethicality of corporate actions is becoming one of the factors which influence consumers’ perceptions and retail chain image evaluations. This paper seeks to broaden the knowledge of how consumers perceive different corporate un/ethical actions from different perspectives – personal and vicarious and how those perceptions are reflected in retail chain image. The data were collected by surveying the biggest retail chain stores customers in Lithuania. The research results confirms that perceived corporate ethicality predicts retail chain image sufficiently well, what is consistent with previous studies, however, only minor differences between two proposed perspectives were found.
Comparative Study of Effects of Cod Liver Oil and Quail (Coturnix japonica) Egg Yolk Hexane Extract in Remedizing Dyslipidemia in the Liver and Heart

The biochemical modulations by fatty acids as a major components of lipids cannot be over-emphasized. The apolipoprotein-containing (LDL, VLDL and TG) and nonapolipoprotein-containing (HDL) lipid biomolecules. Cod liver oil has since gained acceptance as reliable lipid source compared to other sources of lipids that had been reported by researchers to have hypocholesterolemic activities. This study was aimed at comparing quail egg yolk hexane extract with cod liver oil. This research was the proceed of the antidyslipidemic activities of quail egg yolk hexane extract and the decision to compare with other acceptable fatty acid source. The comparism between these samples was evaluated by analytical processes carried out by Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrophotometer (GC-MS) and clinical lipid profile assays-HDL,TChol and TG, VLDL, LDL. atherogenic coefficient and index as well as coronary risk index, HDL/LDL-C and some other parameters that define dyslipidemia were calculated. Competitive activities were inferred between quail egg yolk hexane extract and cod liver oil, however, the cod liver oil had more antidyslipidemic effect than quail egg yolk. The n-6:n-3 ratio showed a more viable codliver oil than quail egg yolk extract-0.386 and 0.525 respectively. Keywords: Fatty acids, LDL,VLDL, Total Cholesterol, HDL, Atherogenicity, Dyslipidemia, Cod liver oil, Quail egg yolk lipid
Inversion of geothermal heat flux in a thermomechanically coupled Stokes ice sheet model 1479 of thermomechanically coupled ice sheet forward problems

We address the inverse problem of inferring the basal geothermal heat flux from surface velocity observations using a steady-state thermomechanically coupled nonlinear Stokes ice flow model. This is a challenging inverse problem since the map from basal heat flux to surface velocity observables is indirect: the heat flux is a boundary condition for the thermal advection–diffusion equation, which couples to the nonlinear Stokes ice flow equations; together they determine the surface ice flow velocity. This multiphysics inverse problem is formulated as a nonlinear least-squares optimization problem with a cost functional that includes the data misfit between surface velocity observations and model predictions. A Tikhonov regularization term is added to render the problem well posed. We derive adjoint-based gradient and Hessian expressions for the resulting partial differential equation (PDE)-constrained optimization problem and propose an inexact Newton method for its solution. As a consequence of the Petrov–Galerkin discretization of the energy equation, we show that discretization and differentiation do not commute; that is, the order in which we discretize the cost functional and differentiate it affects the correctness of the gradient. Using twoand three-dimensional model problems, we study the prospects for and limitations of the inference of the geothermal heat flux field from surface velocity observations. The results show that the reconstruction improves as the noise level in the observations decreases and that short-wavelength variations in the geothermal heat flux are difficult to recover. We analyze the ill-posedness of the inverse problem as a function of the number of observations by examining the spectrum of the Hessian of the cost functional. Motivated by the popularity of operator-split or staggered solvers for forward multiphysics problems – i.e., those that drop two-way coupling terms to yield a one-way coupled forward Jacobian – we study the effect on the inversion of a one-way coupling of the adjoint energy and Stokes equations. We show that taking such a one-way coupled approach for the adjoint equations can lead to an incorrect gradient and premature termination of optimization iterations. This is due to loss of a descent direction stemming from inconsistency of the gradient with the contours of the cost functional. Nevertheless, one may still obtain a reasonable approximate inverse solution particularly if important features of the reconstructed solution emerge early in optimization iterations, before the premature termination.
A literature review and research agenda

Performance measurement is a topic which is often discussed but rarely defined. Literally it is the process of quantifying action, where measurement is the process of quantification and action leads to performance. According to the marketing perspective, organizations achieve their goals, that is they perform, by satisfying their customers with greater efficiency and effectiveness than their competitors[1]. The terms efficiency and effectiveness are used precisely in this context. Effectiveness refers to the extent to which customer requirements are met, while efficiency is a measure of how economically the firm’s resources are utilized when providing a given level of customer satisfaction. This is an important point because it not only identifies two fundamental dimensions of performance, but also highlights the fact that there can be internal as well as external reasons for pursuing specific courses of action[2]. Take, for example, one of the quality-related dimensions of performance – product reliability. In terms of effectiveness, achieving a higher level of product reliability might lead to greater customer satisfaction. In terms of efficiency, it might reduce the costs incurred by the business through decreased field failure and warranty claims. Hence the level of performance a business attains is a function of the efficiency and effectiveness of the actions it undertakes, and thus:
Effects of the South Asian Monsoon Intraseasonal Modes on Genesis of Low Pressure Systems over Bangladesh

AbstractThe quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBW) is a dominant intraseasonal mode in summer rainfall over Bangladesh. Active phases of the QBW are often accompanied by low pressure systems (LPSs) such as vortex-type lows. This study investigated the effects of two intraseasonal modes, the QBW and the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO), on the genesis of LPSs over Bangladesh during 29 summer monsoon seasons. Daily lag composites of convection and low-level atmospheric circulation were constructed for active-phase cases with LPSs (LPS case) and without LPSs (non-LPS case) based on rainfall in the QBW over Bangladesh. In the QBW mode, a westward propagation of an anticyclonic anomaly from the western Pacific to the Bay of Bengal (BoB) is common in both cases. However, the anticyclonic center in the LPS case is located slightly to the east of that in the non-LPS case, which results in stronger cyclonic vorticity over and around Bangladesh. In contrast, the BSISO mode shows an opposite phase between t.
On the determination of the uncertainty in environmental noise measurements

In the paper is presented an effective computer code developed for real-time evaluation of confidence intervals associated to equivalent levels measurements in environmental noise measurements. The code has been developed using the application of bootstrap theory [1] and uses as input the equivalent level Leq or the quantile levels Lqi data obtained by sound level meter measurement. The code, developed using the Mathematica 4.0 programming language is valid for independent and identically distributed data obtained by environmental noise measurements (i.e. in many cases of traffic noise), allowing to obtain directly, once the confidence level probability is chosen, the upper (sup) and lower (inf) limits of the confidence interval by analyzing the n elements of the data set acquired. In this paper, furthermore, is shown the theoretical basis of the proposed algorithm.
Gas turbine gas path diagnostics: A review

In this competitive business world one way to increase profitability of a power production unit is to reduce the operation and maintenance expenses. This is possible if the gas turbine availability and reliability is improved using the appropriate maintenance action at the right time. In that case, fault diagnostics is very critical and effective and advanced methods are essential. Gas turbine diagnostics has been studied for the past six decades and several methods are introduced. This paper aims to review and summarise the published literature on gas path diagnostics, giving more emphasis to the recent developments, and identify advantages and limitations of the methods so that beginners in diagnostics can easily be introduced. Towards this end, this paper, identifies various diagnostic methods and point out their pros and cons. Finally, the paper concludes the review along with some recommended future works.
Effects of food availability and hypoxia on bivalves: the value of using multiple parameters to measure bivalve condition in environmental studies

ABSTRACT: Suspension-feeding bivalves are often included in environmental monitoring because oftheir trophic position, widespread occurrence and sensitivity to a wide range of environmental fac-tors. Therefore various indices of bivalve condition and growth have been developed, including mor-phometric condition indices (CI), scope for growth (SFG) and nucleic acid ratios (RNA:DNA ratio,RNA:protein ratio or RNA concentration). The sensitivity of these 3 indices has not previously beencompared in the same individual bivalves, yet they are likely to have different temporal scales ofdetectable response to environmental processes. In 2 laboratory experiments (10 and 24 d duration)we investigated the combined effect of food availability and sublethal hypoxia on RNA concentration,CI and SFG in juvenile clams Paphies australis . RNA and CI increased rapidly (5 d) following expo-sure to high food treatment, but only CI showed a negative influence of hypoxia. Although SFG wasaffected by both food availability and hypoxia, the patterns were opposite to those of RNA and CI.This anomaly could be explained by the instantaneous change in feeding rates and a slower responsein respiration rate (which was correlated with CI) to the uniform conditions under which SFG wasdetermined. Our results emphasise the importance of combined effects of environmental factors onbivalve growth, highlighting the overriding influence of food availability, and imply that a combina-tion of measures will give a more accurate representation of growth rate.KEY WORDS: Nucleic acid ratios · RNA · Condition index · Scope for growth · Food availability ·Hypoxia ·
What Determines Banks' Market Power? Akerlof or Herfindahl

We introduce a model analyzing how asymmetric information problems in a bank-loan market may evolve over the age of a borrowing firm. The model predicts a life-cycle pattern for banks’interest rate markup. Young firms pay a low or negative markup, thereafter the markup increases until it falls for old firms. Furthermore, the pattern of the life-cycle depends on the informational advantage of the inside bank and when more dispersed borrower information yields fiercer bank competition. By applying a new measure of the informational advantage of inside banks and a large sample of small Nor-wegian firms, we find empirical support for the predicted markup pattern. We disentangle effects of asymmetric information (Akerlof effect)from effects of a concentrated banking market(Herfindahl effect). Our results indicate that the interest rate markups are not influenced by bank market concentration.
Oxygen Consumption and Ammonia Excretion of Kashgarian Loach Triplophysa Yarkandensis (Day, 1877) Under Different Body Weights

The oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of Kashgarian loach Triplophysa yarkandensis (Day, 1877) under different body weights were studied in laboratory condition. The specific oxygen consumption rate (SOC) and specific ammonia excretion rate (SAE) decreased with increasing body weight, while the total oxygen consumption rate and total ammonia excretion rate increased with increasing body weight. The relationship between specific oxygen consumption rate and body weight (x) can be expressed as SOC = -0.246Ln(x) + 0.8395 (R = 0.965), and the relationship between specific ammonia excretion rate and body weight can be expressed as SAE = -0.1252x +2.5558 (R = 0.9326). Results from the present study provide fundamental information on the routine metabolic requirements of T.yarkandensis. Such information may enhance the effectiveness of intensive rearing procedures in T.yarkandensis, and the success of live fish transportation.
Dynamic Prediction of Financial Distress Based on Kalman Filtering

The widely used discriminant models currently for financial distress prediction have deficiencies in dynamics. Based on the dynamic nature of corporate financial distress, dynamic prediction models consisting of a process model and a discriminant model, which are used to describe the dynamic process and discriminant rules of financial distress, respectively, is established. The operation of the dynamic prediction is achieved by Kalman filtering algorithm. And a general -step-ahead prediction algorithm based on Kalman filtering is deduced in order for prospective prediction. An empirical study for China’s manufacturing industry has been conducted and the results have proved the accuracy and advance of predicting financial distress in such case.
Dracaena arborea leaf extract: A phytotherapeutic option for ameliorating oxidative stress-mediated endocrine and testicular disorders in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Objective: To explore and exploit these anti-diabetic properties of the leaf extracts of Dracaena arborea by investigating its therapeutic effects on blood glucose regulation, testicular and endocrine disorders in alloxan (ALX)-induced type-1 diabetic rats. Methods: Rats were divided into four groups of five animals each in a completely randomized trial and treated. ALX and then Dracaena arborea extracts (DAE) at 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg/ day were administered to both normal (Group A) and diabetic rats (Groups C and D) and none to the diabetic control group (Group B) for a period of 8 weeks. The serum level of glucose, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and free testosterone were estimated for all treated and control groups. Oxidative stress parameters such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, and malondialdehyde were also estimated from testicular cells of control, untreated diabetic and DAE-treated diabetic rats. Results: We observed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the serum glucose level as well as a drug-induced dose-dependent reduction in testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in the rats following type-1 diabetic conditions induction by ALX. There was a significant dose dependent response (P < 0.05) to treatment between the DAE-treated diabetic groups. Furthermore, a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in oxidative stress parameters was observed in testicular cells of diabetic rats post-treatment. Conclusions: These findings suggest that DAE is a potential beneficial phytotherapeutic agent that may be used in ameliorating hyperglycemic, endocrine and reproductive disorders in type-1 diabetic men.
Why Women Volunteer in Korea: Roles of Identification and Satisfaction*

The purpose of the study is to explore gender differences in volunteering based on the relationships of identification and volunteer satisfaction. Specifically, this study investigated how the relative contribution of three different foci of identification (sport, community, and volunteering) and volunteer satisfaction in the pre‐ games of the Special Olympics World Winter Games related to four different types of volunteering intentions, and how these intentions differ between male and female volunteers. Identification with volunteering was a significant predictor of volunteer intentions regardless of gender and volunteer opportunities. Volunteer satisfaction was a critical factor only for female volunteers in predicting future volunteering intentions similar to the current volunteer experiences.
Wage Penalties for Career Interruptions: An Empirical Analysis for West Germany

This paper examines the wage effects of different types of career interruptions. We consider the timing and duration of non-employment spells by exploiting an administrative data set of German social security accounts (IAB employment sample) supplemented with information on the employees? entire working lives (IAB supplement sample I). These data allow us to distinguish between employment breaks due to registered unemployment, formal parental leave, training or other reasons – a distinction which can only be approximated using just the IAB employment sample. Our IV fixed effects estimation results suggest that women? s labor supply is endogenously determined, whereas men? s employment histories can be treated as exogenous. Career interruptions reduce the wage rates of both men and women. Moreover, the wage cuts resulting from unemployment, parental leave and additional home time are larger than the pure human capital effects of missing experience, hinting at a possible stigmatization of workers with discontinuous employment histories.
PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF A POLYHERBAL FORMULATION FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) involves the proliferation of epithelium and fibro muscular tissue of the prostate, commonly seen in aged men. Complications with surgical prostatectomy and side effects with conventional therapy exclude their use as routine treatments for BPH. So, phytotherapy has gained momentum as an alternative. With this background, a standardised polyherbal formulation was subjected for evaluation for its efficacy against BPH. The pharmacological investigation both in vitro (evaluation using NIH 3T3 cell lines by MTT assay) and in vivo (activity against testosterone induced experimental hyperplasia in male wistar rats) were performed to evaluate the efficacy of the polyherbal formulation. From the in vitro study, IC 50 of the herbal formulation was found to be 211. 8μg/ml and the study showed the better inhibition of cellular proliferation of stromal cells. The study of antibacterial activity showed a good zone of inhibition against E.coli. Data obtained from the in vivo study suggests that the formulation has good efficacy against the prostatic hyperplasia in male wistar rats on concentration dependent manner. The polyherbal formulation may be evaluated in clinical trials against benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Semiconductor laser with filtered optical feedback: bridge between conventional feedback and optical injection.

We study a semiconductor laser subject to filtered optical feedback, where the filter is characterised by a mean frequency ›m and a filter width ‚. In the limit of a narrow filter ( ‚ ! 0) the laser equations reduce under some conditions to the equations for a laser with optical injection, whereas they become the LangKobayashi equations in the limit of an unbounded filter width (‚ ! 1). We vary the parameter ‚ and study bifurcations of steady state solutions, to get insight in the relation between the filter width and the number of possible steady states. In particular we obtain the unexpected result, that there exist parameter regions in which the number of possible steady states decreases when ‚ is increased.