Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extracting Common Inference Patterns from Semi-Structured Explanations

Complex questions often require combining multiple facts to correctly answer, particularly when generating detailed explanations for why those answers are correct. Combining multiple facts to answer questions is often modeled as a “multi-hop” graph traversal problem, where a given solver must find a series of interconnected facts in a knowledge graph that, taken together, answer the question and explain the reasoning behind that answer. Multi-hop inference currently suffers from semantic drift, or the tendency for chains of reasoning to “drift”’ to unrelated topics, and this semantic drift greatly limits the number of facts that can be combined in both free text or knowledge base inference. In this work we present our effort to mitigate semantic drift by extracting large high-confidence multi-hop inference patterns, generated by abstracting large-scale explanatory structure from a corpus of detailed explanations. We represent these inference patterns as sets of generalized constraints over sentences represented as rows in a knowledge base of semi-structured tables. We present a prototype tool for identifying common inference patterns from corpora of semi-structured explanations, and use it to successfully extract 67 inference patterns from a “matter” subset of standardized elementary science exam questions that span scientific and world knowledge.
COMMITTEE ON THE STATUS OF ENDANGERED WILDLIFE IN CANADA

Atlantic Cod has been an economic and dietary mainstay for maritime communities since the late 15th century. Decades of unsustainable harvesting have depleted Canada's cod populations, three of which have declined by 90% or more since the 1960s. Continuing directed fisheries and bycatch, combined with major changes in marine food webs in some areas, have significantly reduced the ability of cod populations south of Baffin Island to rebuild. Additionally, these four populations have diminished to the extent that they are predicted to experience serious or irreparable harm; as such, all four were assessed as Endangered.
Elders’ Exercise and Behavioral Program: Effects on Balance and Fear of Falls

ABSTRACT Aim: This controlled quasi-experimental study examined the effects of combined behavioral and exercise interventions on balance performance and fear of falls (FoF) among community-dwelling elderly. Methods: A total of 62 elderly (age = 63.5 ± 3.9 years) were divided into three groups, namely, (1) EBG (six-week exercise and five-week behavioral interventions), (2) EG (exercise only), and (3) CG (control). Balance and FoF were measured by the Timed Up and Go test and the modified Falls Efficacy Scales, respectively, at baseline and post-interventions. Results: Significant findings were found in the time effect (F = 40.56, p = 0.00), time and group interactions (F = 51.48, p = 0.00), and between-group effect (F = 20.85, p = 0.00) for balance. Similarly, significant findings were found in the time effect (F = 101.78, p = 0.00), time and group interactions (F = 33.39, p = 0.00), and between-group effect (F = 29.19, p = 0.00) for FoF. EBG showed significantly higher mean changes in both measures. Conclusion: The combination of behavioral and exercise interventions may positively affect balance control and reduce FoF among the elderly.
TRAJECTORY-BASED SOURCE AREA ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC SO2, NOx, CO2, O3 AND PARTICULATE MATTER FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF A FINNISH MEASUREMENT STATION IN 1996-2008

Source area analysis based on combining in situ measurements of trace gas or particle concentrations and back trajectories calculated for corresponding times has proven to be a valuable approach in atmospheric research; especially in investigating air pollution episodes, but also in e.g. tracing the source areas of air masses related to high vs. low concentrations of aerosol particles of different sizes at the receptor site. A statistical trajectory method used before by e.g. Sogacheva et al. (2005) was fine-tuned to take the presumable error in calculated trajectories into account, tested with SO2 and validated by comparison against EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme) emission data. In this work we apply the improved method for characterizing the source areas of atmospheric SO2, NOx, O3, CO2 and aerosol particles of different size modes from the perspective of a Finnish measurement station located in Hyytiälä (61°51’N, 24°17’E). Having an extensive data set of 13 years (1996-2008) of good quality atmospheric measurements allows us to investigate inter-annual, seasonal and monthly variations in the source areas of different compounds with a rather good statistical significance.
Prophylactic use of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus casei rhamnosus as part of a triple anti-infective regimen in very preterm infants during neonatal intensive care

Background. Probiotics are increasingly used in neonatal intensive care and prove to reduce rates of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), sepsis and all-cause mortality by meta-analyses. Objective. Aim of the study was to analyze the prophylactic use of the probiotic Lactobacillus casei rhamnosus (LCR) as part of a triple anti-infective treatment regimen in very preterm neonates in respect to complications and possible side e! ects. Setting. "is was a study on 1169 very preterm infants of 32 weeks of gestational age and less born between 2005 and 2015 who were admitted within the #rst 24 hours of life to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and hospitalized for at least 7 days. Design. Retrospective observational STROBE compliant single-center cohort study Intervention. All infants received a standardized prophylactic anti-infective treatment regimen with enteral probiotics (LCR), antifungal agents, and oral gentamycin over the study time starting at the #rst day of life. Outcome measures. Perinatal and neonatal data were collected for descriptive analysis. Complications possibly avoided by the anti-infective regimen included NEC, lateonset sepsis (LOS), late-onset multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP). Main results. Eleven of 1169 infants 11 (0.9%) had diagnosis of NEC ≥ IIa, 141 (12.1%) exhibited at least one episode of LOS, 31 (2.7%) a VAP, and 44 (3.8%) a MODS. "ose infants with complications were of younger gestational age (p<0.001), had lower birth weight (p<0.001), lower Apgar scores at 1/5/10 minutes (p<0.001), were more common SGA (p=0.007), had longer courses of mechanical ventilation and longer hospital stays and for longer time parenteral antibiotics (all p<0.001). Mortality rate was increased in infants having experienced complications (6.9 vs. 1.7%, p<0.001). Conclusions. Over an 11-year period, the use of the probiotic LCR as part of an antiinfective regimen was safe and resulted in low rates of NEC, LOS, VAP, and MODS compared to the literature. "ose infants with complications had higher mortality rates.
Compact and Robust Models for Japanese-English Character-level Machine Translation

Character-level translation has been proved to be able to achieve preferable translation quality without explicit segmentation, but training a character-level model needs a lot of hardware resources. In this paper, we introduced two character-level translation models which are mid-gated model and multi-attention model for Japanese-English translation. We showed that the mid-gated model achieved the better performance with respect to BLEU scores. We also showed that a relatively narrow beam of width 4 or 5 was sufficient for the mid-gated model. As for unknown words, we showed that the mid-gated model could somehow translate the one containing Katakana by coining out a close word. We also showed that the model managed to produce tolerable results for heavily noised sentences, even though the model was trained with the dataset without noise.
ORTHOGONAL FUNCTIONS EXACT INVARIANT AND THE ADIABATIC LIMIT FOR TIME DEPENDENT HARMONIC OSCILLATORS

An invariant arising from the linearly independent solutions is evaluated for the time dependent harmonic oscillator equation. The relationship of this quantity with the Lewis invariant is established. The physical meaning of the procedure is stressed. In the adiabatic approximation, the proposed invariant turns into the well known relationship where the energy is proportional to the frequency.
CyTOF workflow: Differential discovery in high-throughput

High dimensional mass and flow cytometry (HDCyto) experiments have become a method of choice for high throughput interrogation and characterization of cell populations.Here, we present an R-based pipeline for differential analyses of HDCyto data, largely based on Bioconductor packages. We computationally define cell populations using FlowSOM clustering, and facilitate an optional but reproducible strategy for manual merging of algorithm-generated clusters. Our workflow offers different analysis paths, including association of cell type abundance with a phenotype or changes in signaling markers within specific subpopulations, or differential analyses of aggregated signals. Importantly, the differential analyses we show are based on regression frameworks where the HDCyto data is the response; thus, we are able to model arbitrary experimental designs, such as those with batch effects, paired designs and so on. In particular, we apply generalized linear mixed models to analyses of cell population abundance or cell-population-specific analyses of signaling markers, allowing overdispersion in cell count or aggregated signals across samples to be appropriately modeled. To support the formal statistical analyses, we encourage exploratory data analysis at every step, including quality control (e.g. multi-dimensional scaling plots), reporting of clustering results (dimensionality reduction, heatmaps with dendrograms) and differential analyses (e.g. plots of aggregated signals).
Estimates of Prevalence and Criteria Comparison in DSM-5 versus DSM-IV-TR Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in 111 Survivors to the 2009 Railway Accident in Viareggio-Italy

The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) introduced noteworthy revisions to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) criteria, including a four-factor model and some new symptomatic criteria. To date, only a limited number of studies investigated the impact of such changes on the prevalence rates of the disorder. On 29 June 2009, in the railway station of Viareggio (Italy), a freight train carrying liquefied petroleum gas derailed with a subsequent fire leading to a large area of the town being damaged: 32 people died and 26 were severely injured. A total sample of 111 subjects who survived to the railway accident were assessed for PTSD according to either DSM-5 or DSM-IV-TR criteria by means of a spectrum assessment instrument: the Trauma and Loss Spectrum-Self Report (TALS-SR). A DSM-5 PTSD diagnosis emerged in 50.4% with respect to 54.7% according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. Most of the subjects fulfilling DSM-IV-TR but not DSM-5 criteria did not endorse new Criterion C (active avoidance). For what concern new DSM-5 PTSD symptoms: 1 (2.6%) survivor endorsed symptom D3; 29 (76.32%) D4; 6 (15.79%) both D3 and D4; 8 (27.59%) E2. This is the first study to report PTSD prevalence rates among survivors to the Viareggio 2009 railway accident. Our results corroborate the substantial equivalence between the DSM-5 and DSM-IV-TR algorithms for PTSD diagnosis and further suggest that avoidance and/or negative alterations in cognition and mood should alert the clinician for possible PTSD development.
A SCHEMA OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT MODEL: A CASE OF BANGLADESH

Tourism can be a sweeping agent of change. In consequence, tourism planning too often in this industry is based exclusively on isolated economic criteria. In recent years, tourism has become one of the fastest growing sectors of the world economy and is widely recognized for its contribution to national economic development. However, keeping these facts in mind the main aim of this study is to propose a development framework for Bangladesh tourism industry within which the impact of characteristics of tourism industry can be captured and analyzed. The paper corresponds to the significance of partnerships among the stakeholders and product characteristics approach with the cultural orientation of the host country to get a favorable out come considering the noticeable cost of tourism. Within the proposed model the characteristics of the tourism product/destination including quality of service, advertising and political instability are combined to generate a perception/feeling regarding the tourism destination in the mind of the tourists. The proposed model is constructed through studying and examining intensive literature review and challenges of tourism development in Bangladesh.
Energy self-sufficiency as a feasible concept for wastewater treatment systems

Cost issues at a microeconomic level and concerns about greenhouse gas emissions at a global level have become major driving forces towards a greater efficient usage of energy in wastewater treatment. This article describes Central European initiatives for operational optimisations, which came up with average energy saving potentials of about 30-50% for existing utilities. B. Wett, K. Buchauer, C. Fimml
A Demographic and Epidemiological Study of Naval Hospital Charleston's Catchment Area Population

Abstract : This Graduate Management Project examines the military beneficiary population in the Naval Hospital Charleston Catchment Area to determine what demographic attributes are exhibited, and what medical demands the beneficiaries have placed on the Military Health Service System between 01 and 30 June 1992. Various data sources were utilized to construct retrospective frequency distributions that show the patient's age, gender, beneficiary category, zip code, and primary and secondary diagnosis and surgical procedure codes, as well as the source of the medical care. A literature review was conducted to evaluate national demographic and epidemiological trends, which served as the basis for interpreting the results of the study. The conclusions and recommendations will assist Naval Hospital Charleston in its transition to a managed care program, establishment of departmental business plans, and the possible closure or realignment of the military treatment facility. Demographic and Epidemiological Study.
Characterizing Verification Tools Through Coding Error Candidates Reported in Space Flight Software

Mastering the continuously increasing amount of software requires identification of more efficient strategies for software verification. Currently, fault coverage is only indirectly addressed, e.g. by code coverage. The idea as presented in this paper is to get a better understanding of fault coverage by a systematic classification of software fault types, derivation of footprints of verification tools regarding coverage of such fault types, and recording of required effort. A number of issues regarding fault identification and classification are discussed in this context.
1.2D face video sequences

The mobile scenario is composed of five evaluations : 2D face, fingerprint, signature, talkingface and fusion. For each evaluation a development set of 50 users has been distributed to participants. The test set is composed of 430 users and it will be kept sequestered. This document presents the scientific objectives, protocols and data used for these evaluations. 1.2D face video sequences 1.1. Scientific objective This evaluation permits to test and evaluate the next points : ◦ robustness to degraded conditions (illumination) ◦ robustness to elapsed time between sessions 1.2. Data The device used to record the video sequences (∼ 4s) is a SAMSUNG Q1 with a webcam. Two sessions separated by about one month interval were recorded. For each individual enrolled in the database, 4 video files (.avi) without sound are available : ◦ 2 indoor video files acquired during the first session ◦ 2 outdoor video files acquired during the second session
Monoclonal antibody-based molecular imaging strategies and theranostic opportunities

Molecular imaging modalities hold great potential as less invasive techniques for diagnosis and management of various diseases. Molecular imaging combines imaging agents with targeting moieties to specifically image diseased sites in the body. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become increasingly popular as novel therapeutics against a variety of diseases due to their specificity, affinity and serum stability. Because of the same properties, mAbs are also exploited in molecular imaging to target imaging agents such as radionuclides to the cell of interest in vivo. Many studies investigated the use of mAb-targeted imaging for a variety of purposes, for instance to monitor disease progression and to predict response to a specific therapeutic agent. Herein, we highlighted the application of mAb-targeted imaging in three different types of pathologies: autoimmune diseases, oncology and cardiovascular diseases. We also described the potential of molecular imaging strategies in theranostics and precision medicine. Due to the nearly infinite repertoire of mAbs, molecular imaging can change the future of modern medicine by revolutionizing diagnostics and response prediction in practically any disease.
Research article, J Sport Sci Med

The objective of this study was to assess if the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment (VISA) questionnaire was suitable in the evaluation of patients from a mixed population with normal levels of sports activity, and if neovascularization of the patellar tendon demonstrated by color flow imaging (CFI) was more frequent in patients with lasting symptoms after surgical treatment for jumpers knee (JK). This study was conducted at St. Olavs Hospital, University Hospital of Trondheim, Norway, and included 21 men and 18 women who were operated for JK. Symptoms were assessed using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and VISA questionnaires. Clinical and ultrasonographic examinations of the knees, including CFI, were done at a mean follow-up duration of 82 (range, 16–136) months after surgery. Patients with positive CFI also had significantly lower KOOS scores, whereas the total VISA-P (Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment Patella) score showed no association. Patients with a positive clinical examination had significantly more frequent positive CFI findings than did patients with negative examinations. The operated patellar tendon was significantly thicker and had more frequent hypoechoic signal in the proximal part than the contralateral unoperated tendon. The post-operative VISA-P score seems less valuable in the evaluation of patients from a mixed population with normal levels of sports activity. CFI may be a valuable diagnostic tool in the evaluation of patients operated for JK.
Microbial abundance and enzyme activity in sediments of the rapid-pool-benchland systems in the natural Duliu River of China

River ecosystems have been greatly impaired by negative human activities. It is important to understand the relationships among the river structure, microbial abundance and enzyme activity of natural rivers for the restoration of impaired river ecosystems. The repeatedly occurring rapid-pool-bench land system (RPBS) is deemed a basic unit of natural river structure. Microbial abundance and enzyme activity in sediments of the RPBS are key processes that regulate a variety of ecological functions. However, detailed studies relating to a RPBS are scarce. We selected nine RPBSs in the Duliu River in China and studied the microbial abundance, enzyme activity, nutrients and heavy metals as influencing factors in the sediments of these RPBSs using the plate counting method, colorimetric methods, and atomic absorption spectrometry. The RPBSs were significantly different in microbial abundance, enzyme activity, nutrients and heavy metals. Bacteria, ammonifiers, actinomycetes, fungi, and denitrifying bacteria in the sediments of the pools of these RPBSs showed the greatest abundances. The number of bacteria was significantly larger than that of four other microbial groups. Total nitrogen had significant effects on microbial abundance. Catalase in bench lands, as well as phosphatase, urease and dehydrogenase in pools, exhibited high levels of activity and were significantly correlated with microbial abundances. Enzyme activity was substantially affected by N, Pb and As. The habitat heterogeneity represented by RPBSs altered the microbial abundance and enzyme activity, which regulated different ecological functions. The restoration of degraded rivers to include RPBSs is beneficial to diverse ecosystem functions.
Measurements of OH and HO 2 concentrations during the MCMA-2006 field campaign – Part 1: Deployment of the Indiana University laser-induced fluorescence instrument

Abstract. Measurements of tropospheric hydroxyl (OH) and hydroperoxy (HO2) radicals were made during the MCMA (Mexico City Metropolitan Area) field campaign as part of the MILAGRO (Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations) project during March 2006. These radicals were measured using a laser-induced fluorescence instrument developed at Indiana University. This new instrument takes advantage of the Fluorescence Assay by Gas Expansion technique (FAGE) together with direct excitation and detection of OH at 308 nm. HO2 is indirectly measured as OH by titration with NO inside the fluorescence cell. At this stage of development, IU-FAGE is capable of detecting 3.9×105 molecule/cm3 of both OH and HO2, with a signal to noise ratio of 1, an averaged laser power of 10-mW and an averaging time of 5-min. The calibration accuracies (1σ) are ±17% for OH and ±18% for HO2 using the water-vapor photolysis/O2 actinometry calibration technique. OH and HO2 concentrations were successfully measured at an urban site in Mexico City, with observed concentrations comparable to those measured in other polluted environments. Enhanced levels of OH and HO2 radicals were observed on several days between 09:30–11:00 a.m. and suggest an intense photochemistry during morning hours that may be due to elevated sources of HOx (OH+HO2) and a fast cycling between the radicals under the high NOx (NO+NO2) conditions of the MCMA.
Phased-LSTM Based Predictive Model for longitudinal EHR Data with Missing Values

Electronic health records (EHRs) is an inter organizational, comprehensive, patient-centered longitudinal collection of health records. It aims to foster the quality of health care and support healthcare providers by providing comprehensive medical and healthcare information of patients along the whole life cycle. In particular, EHRs can be utilized for diagnosis of current status of a patient such as existence of specific diseases or prediction of future status of a patient such as survival probability after three years of a surgery.