Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Locality in parallel computation

Abstract : This thesis explores strategies for exploiting locality in three major areas of parallel computation: packet routing, graph algorithms, and network emulations. Chapter 1 describes a network-independent approach to the packet-routing problem. Our strategy is to partition the problem into two stages: a path-selection stage and a scheduling stage. Chapter 2 introduces a model for parallel computation, called the distribution random-access machine (DRAM), in which the communication requirements of parallel computer in which memory accesses are evaluated. A DRAM is an abstraction of a parallel computer in which memory accesses are implemented by routing messages through a communication network. Chapter 3 examines the problem of how efficiently a host network can emulate a guest network. The goal is to emulate TG steps of an NG-node guest network on an NH node host network. Chapter 4 presents an algorithm for finding a minimum-cost spanning tree of an N-node graph on an N x N mesh-connected computer. The algorithm has the same O(N) running time as the previous algorithms, but it is much simpler. Keywords: Fixed connection networks; Area universal networks; Fat trees; Distributed random-access machines; Theses.
Adherence to Levothyroxine Treatment Among Patients With Hypothyroidism: A Northeastern Italian Survey

Background: A significant number of patients show sub-optimal adherence to levothyroxine (LT4) therapy, mainly because they have to postpone their breakfast by at least 30 min. The aim of this observational cross-sectional study was to assess the therapeutic compliance of patients on LT4 treatment and to verify the preference of a lifetime treatment in tablet or liquid form. Patients and Methods: Ambulatory care patients aged 18 years or older, affected by hypothyroidism and on LT4 treatment (in tablet or liquid form) were administered the eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). The MMAS-8 questionnaire was supplemented with 3 further items to specifically evaluate preference between tablet and liquid forms of LT4 for lifetime treatment. Results: A total of 320 patients (272 female), median age 47.9 ± 15.6 years (range, 20–78 years), completed the MMAS-8 questionnaire. Eighty-seven percent of the participants were adhering to their treatment for both tablet and liquid LT4 formulations, although significant differences emerged. Patients on LT4 tablets forgot to take their medication more frequently (p < 0.001), felt hassled about sticking to their treatment plan (p < 0.001), and had difficulty remembering to take all their medication(s) (p < 0.001) than those on liquid LT4 treatment. Conclusions: Adherence to LT4 treatment was high for both tablet and liquid formulations. Taking LT4 at breakfast was the most convenient option for most patients.
Categorical Structure of Continuation Passing Style

This thesis attempts to make precise the structure inherent in Continuation Passing Style (CPS). We emphasize that CPS translates λ-calculus into a very basic calculus that does not have functions as primitive. We give an abstract categorical presentation of continuation semantics by taking the continuation type constructor ¬ (or cont in Standard ML of New Jersey) as primitive. This constructor on types extends to a contravariant functor on terms which is adjoint to itself on the left; restricted to the subcategory of those programs that do not manipulate the current continuation, it is adjoint to itself on the right. The motivating example of such a category is built from (equivalence classes of typing judgements for) continuation passing style (CPS) terms. The categorical approach suggests a notion of effect-free term as well as some operators for manipulating continuations. We use these for writing programs that illustrate our categorical approach and refute some conjectures about control effects. A call-by-value λ-calculus with the control operator callcc can be interpreted. Arrow types are broken down into continuation types for argument/resultcontinuations pairs, reflecting the fact that CPS compiles functions into a special case of continuations. Variant translation are possible, among them “lazy” callby-name, which can be derived by way of argument thunking, and a genuinely call-by-name transform. Specialising the semantics to the CPS term model allows a rational reconstruction of various CPS transforms.
Adaptive Reasoning for Real-world Problems: A Schema-based Approach

Contents: Preface. Introduction. Schema-Based Reasoning. Schemas. Deciding What to Work on. Taking Action. Handling Unanticipated Events. Memory for Schema-Based Reasoning. Implementations. Evaluation and Related Work. Conclusion. Appendices: A Diagnostic Session with MEDIC. Glossary of Medical Terms.
Evaluating the Nature and Extent of Autonomy in Public Teaching Hospitals: A Case study of Jinnah Hospital Lahore

This study is aimed at evaluating the nature and the extent of Autonomy in Hospital Administration and Medical Care. Autonomy in administration means the freedom in deciding all the matters involved in the day-to-day running of the hospital and the discharge of the functions defined by the mission statement. Autonomy in Medical Care was meant to provide efficient services to patients at autonomous hospitals. The population of this study consists of top level administrative medical and non-medical staff of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. In this research design, Jinnah Hospital Lahore is selected as a single case and then multiple sub units of analysis are selected from top management of Jinnah Hospital Lahore to get information about nature and extent of autonomy. In this way with the support and cooperation of respondents, 14 top level administrative medical and non-medical staff members of Jinnah Hospital Lahore were interviewed. This study shows that autonomous hospital is not independent in making its decisions due to the increased role of health and finance department. Most of the matters concerning hospital administration and developing medical care tools are managed with the final approval of health department. Key Words: autonomous hospital, health reforms, nature of autonomy, extent of autonomy, public hospitals,
Host Adaptive Immune Status Regulates Expression of the Schistosome AMP-Activated Protein Kinase

Schistosomes exhibit profound developmental adaptations in response to the immune status of their mammalian host, including significant attenuation of parasite growth, development and reproduction in response to deficits in host adaptive immunity. These observations led us to hypothesize that schistosomes regulate the utilization of energy resources in response to immunological conditions within the host. To test this hypothesis, we identified and characterized the Schistosoma mansoni AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a heterotrimeric enzyme complex that is central to regulating energy metabolism at the cellular and organismal level in eukaryotes. We show that expression of the catalytic α subunit is developmentally regulated during the parasite life cycle, with peak expression occurring in adult worms. However, the protein is present and phosphorylated in all life cycle stages examined, suggesting a need for active regulation of energy resources throughout the life cycle. In contrast, transcription of the AMPK α gene is down-regulated in cercariae and schistosomula, suggesting that the protein in these life cycle stages is pre-synthesized in the sporocyst and that expression must be re-initiated once inside the mammalian host. We also show that schistosome AMPK α activity in adult worms is sensitive to changes in the parasite's environment, suggesting a mechanism by which schistosome metabolism may be responsive to host immune factors. Finally, we show that AMPK α expression is significantly down-regulated in parasites isolated from immunodeficient mice, suggesting that modulation of parasite energy metabolism may contribute to the attenuation of schistosome growth and reproduction in immunodeficient hosts. These findings provide insights into the molecular interactions between schistosomes and their vertebrate hosts and suggest that parasite energy metabolism may represent a novel target for anti-schistosome interventions.
Reducing Cloning in Software Models Using UML Parsing

This paper presents a way for reducing cloning in software models using a high level language which parse XML of models. Model cloning is usually a strategic means by which evolution of the software product is measured. Model clone detection deals with the identification of duplicated parts in models [4]. Cloned code is considered harmful for various reasons. A clone contains multiple and unnecessary duplicate fragments of code. Due to cloning, maintenance costs are increased. They make software products inconsistent as making changes to a cloned code, can create faults and lead to unexpected behaviour. Similarly, duplicated fragments and parts of models are also harmful in model-based development such as unified modeling language (UML). In order to remove duplicity in models, model clone detection technique uses.
Predicting the Job Satisfaction of Female Sex Workers in Queensland, Australia

ABSTRACT. This study used a cross-sectional survey to examine job satisfaction and its correlates among 247 female sex workers working as private service providers, in licensed brothels, and in illegal sectors of the industry (mainly street-based workers). Overall, most sex workers reported positive job satisfaction. Satisfaction was higher in women working legally and was comparable with women from the general population. Multivariate analyses revealed that job satisfaction was significantly linked to women's reasons for initially entering the industry. Sex workers’ age, education, marital status, length of time in the industry, and current working conditions were apparently less important for satisfaction.
The semantics of PASCAL in LCF.

We define a semantics for the arithmetic part of PASCAL by giving it an interpretation in LCF, a language based on the typed $\lambda$-calculus. Programs are represented in terms of their abstract syntax. We show sample proofs, using LCF, of some general properties of PASCAL and the correctness of some particular programs. A program implementing the McCarthy Airline reservation system is proved correct.
Understanding distributed data processing

Declining hardware costs, increasing self-confidence of users, and developing technologies have provided compelling reasons in the minds of many managers to bring distributed data processing (DDP) into their organizations. Rather than let it spread almost randomly, managers who recognize the strengths as well as the pitfalls of DDP are seeking to establish coherent policies and procedures. DDP, defined in terms of responsibilities for managing all phases of information processing, is put in a framework companies can use to evaluate alternatives and to develop a DDP strategy that both matches their organizational structure and enables their business plan. 8 references.
Bringing into register incomplete range images of cultural artifacts

Finding solutions for preserving cultural heritage and historic and architectural sites as 3D models is an important problem in our days. Building 3D models of real objects is also an important research issue in virtual reality. Since a 3D range scanner, used to obtain 3D data, is a line-of-sight instrument, in most cases it is necessary to scan the object from multiple viewpoints to completely reconstruct it. The acquired range images need to be brought into register to build one coherent model. This article presents two registration methods for incomplete range images. One is based on the assumption that the range images being registered have a significant overlap with some feature points. The second one needs additional 2D photographs of the scene to perform the right registration, but the overlapping area of the range images is not necessary here. The presented methods are semi-automatic and base on the analysis of redundant and uncertain data.
3D Architecture Exploration for Multimedia Applications

Three-Dimensional (3D) silicon integration is an emerging technology that vertically stacks multiple silicon circuit layers. It enables a single chip to be divided over multiple layers, which are stacked on top of each other. A literature study is performed for this thesis, which presents the basic manufacturing techniques for this emerging technology. Furthermore, the constraints and properties of the inter-layer interconnect (Through Silicon Via (TSV)) are investigated, and the architectural potentials of 3D silicon integration are explored for memory-on-memory, logic-on-logic, memoryon-logic, and a 3D Network-On-Chip (NOC). Compared to a planar chip, 3D integration provides five key advantages: (1) wider and denser on-chip interconnects / busses, (2) wire length reduction (latency reduction), (3) lower power consumption, (4) the potential to use heterogeneous technologies, and (5) footprint reduction. Moreover, practical work is performed for this thesis, which evaluates a novel 3D scheme. The scheme stacks two (or more) 2D processors on top of each other, where all the Functional Units (FUs) are shared between all the processors. Thus, a processor can execute instructions on all the unutilized FUs of all the (remaining) processors. The free FUs on other processors can be utilized for fault detection or for performance improvement. Experimental results show that on average 52% of the executed instructions can be protected, or a speedup of on average 7% can be achieved. Both schemes are beneficial because no extra dedicated FUs are needed and fault detection and higher performance are achieved at low cost (only additional control logic and TSVs). This is because all the FUs from the processors are shared between them.
Genetic algorithms for estimation problems with multiple optima

The genetic algorithm is examined as a method for solving optimization problems in econometric estimation. It does not restrict either the form or regularity of the objective function, allows a reasonably large parameter space, and does not rely on a point-to-point search. The performance is evaluated through two sets of experiments on standard test problems as well as econometric problems from the literature. First, alternative genetic algorithms that vary over mutation and crossover rates, population sizes, and other features are contrasted. Second, the genetic algorithm is compared to Nelder–Mead simplex, simulated annealing, adaptive random search, and MSCORE.
Monte Carlo Analysis

2. Simulate the data: use random number generator to draw values for RHS quantities (X, ε) and compute LHS values (y). 3. Compute the estimator(s) of interest and save the results (coefficients, standard errors). 4. Repeat these steps numerous times (∼ 500–1000). 5. Examine the distribution of the estimates produced to assess performance/compare estimators (e.g., are results consistent w/ theory, asymptotic or otherwise? ).
Modelling Perceived Spatial Attributes of Reproduced Sound

This thesis has described the development of an artificial listener model capable of predicting a number of different perceived spatial attributes at arbitrary locations in the listening area for reproduced sound. Previous research-into modelling the perceived spatial attributes of sound reproduction systems has concentrated primarily on the sweet spot in the centre of the listening area. However, good audio reproduction is ideally required at multiple points in the listening area, for example for a family living room with a home cinema system. A framework for modelling the perception of reproduced audio was developed, including the capture of the original sound-field, modelling the signals at the ears and the translation of the binaural signals to the perceptual domain. Explicitly modelling the binaural signals meant that the same principal cues as human listeners are used and also allowed existing binaural models to be incorporated into the system. The three most widely researched different perceived spatial attributes were investigated: directional localisation, source width and listener envelopment. The models for predicting each of the three spatial attributes were validated using the results from formal listening tests. The output of the model was highly correlated with the localisation and envelopment results from the listening tests. Lower correlations were obtained for the predicted source width and for some groups of stimuli for directional localisation, and a number of modifications which may improve the performance of the model were identified.
Two-way coupled finite automata and its usage in translators

This article defines two-way coupled finite automata. Two-way coupled finite automaton enable to make a translation from input language to output language and from output language to input language too. There is discussed deterministic parsing by using coupled finite automaton in this article. For example, this deterministic model can be used for translation between assembly language and a binary code.
Enabling undergraduates to put into practice learning to support emotional well-being for children and young people

In the UK policies such as the Children’s Plan 2008-2020 through to Promoting the Emotional Health of Children and Young People (2010) identify that professionals such as teachers, youth workers, social workers and youth offending specialists, do not have the necessary underpinning knowledge to adequately support children and young people’s emotional well-being. Further that these professionals fail to recognise when a child or young person may need additional help. These findings suggest that gaining knowledge and understanding of emotional well-being for children and young people is a key requirement for those working in this field. This paper is an evaluation of an initiative that saw a partnership of developing joint learning materials from expert emotional well-being organisations being delivered as part of an undergraduate award at a traditional Higher Educational (HE) Institution. The evaluation showed that the introduction of interactive, e-learning materials, supplemented with role play and scenario based learning and running concurrently alongside work experiences enabled students to acquire and apply knowledge and understanding of emotional well-being for children and young people to real situations, and thus bridged the ‘practice –theory gap'.
Evaluating complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) utilization in a college sample: a multisite application of the sociobehavioral model of healthcare utilization

The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among U.S. college students and the general public is substantial and growing; however, research on the characteristics of college students who use CAM and the factors that influence their decision to use CAM is scarce. The present study applied the sociobehavioral model of healthcare utilization to the examination of CAM utilization in a sample of college students in the western U.S. A total of 592 college students from ages 18-52 from two universities within the western U.S. completed a web-based survey assessing the relationships between their demographic characteristics, health locus of control beliefs, religious and spiritual beliefs, and physical and mental health status and their lifetime and past 12-month use of CAM across five domains (alternative medicine systems, biologically based therapies, manipulative and body based treatments, mind-body medicine, and energy medicine). Statistically significant relationships were found between CAM use and biological sex, financial dependency status, internal health locus of control, mental health status, and bodily pain. These predictors were combined, along with college attended, according to the sociobehavioral model of healthcare utilization and tested for their predictive efficacy. One hundred percent of those surveyed reported use of at least one type of CAM practice within their lifetime, and 88% reported use of at least one type of CAM practice within the last year. The interventions used most by college students in this study were deep breathing exercises (50.7%), yoga (39.7%), massage (37.8%), meditation (35.8%), pilates (20.4%), and chiropractic or osteopathic manipulation (20.1%). Moreover, they endorsed using these practices for the promotion of general wellness, improvement of psychological functioning, and alleviation of pain. Multiple linear regression analyses of these variables revealed that their combination explained from 4.0% to 17.6% of the variance in CAM use in this sample. Results indicated that this model can be successfully applied to CAM use. These findings were evaluated and compared with previous findings regarding CAM use in both general population and college student samples. Specific implications for the fields of psychology, medicine, and health education within the areas of practice and research are discussed.
Atlas of Brain Function

This atlas is an outstanding single-volume resource of information on the structure and function of specific areas of the brain. Updated to reflect the latest technology using 3 Tesla MR images, this edition has been enhanced with new functional MRI studies as well as a new section on diffusion tensor imaging with three-dimensional reconstructions of fiber tracts using color coding to demonstrate neural pathways. Highlights: * Glossary of neuroanatomic structures and definitions provides the reader with a foundation in structures, function, and functional relationships * High-quality images are divided into five sections, including Sagittal MRI views, Axial MRI views, Coronal MRI views, Fiber-Tracking Diffusion Tensor Imaging, and Three-Dimensional MRI views * Icons rapidly orient the reader with the location of each view or the diffusion pathway This book eliminates the need to sift through multiple books for the current information on the structure and function of the brain. It is invaluable for clinicians in radiology, neuroradiology, neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatry, psychology, neuropsychology, and neuroanatomy. The atlas is also ideal for medical students, nursing students, and individuals seeking to gain a firm understanding of human brain anatomy and function.