Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in Argentinean women attending two different hospitals prior to the implementation of the National Vaccination Program

Cervarix vaccine was included in the National Immunization Program of Argentina in 2011 but data about the local distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women exposed to the virus are scarce. This cross‐sectional study determined the prevalence and type distribution of HPV infection in unvaccinated women attending routine gynecological screening in two public hospitals located in Buenos Aires and Santa Fe, Argentina. Socio‐demographic, sexual behavior, and co‐factors information was obtained from all participants (Buenos Aires, n = 429; Santa Fe, n = 433). Cervicovaginal swabs were tested with an MY11/09 primer‐based assay and with the CUT primer system targeting mucosal/cutaneous HPVs. Participants from Buenos Aires showed significantly higher rates of HPV infection (52.4% vs. 40.6%), of multiple infections (24.2% vs. 16.4%), and of low‐risk (20.3% vs. 13.9%) and high‐risk types (44.1% vs. 33.3%) than those from Santa Fe. HPV‐66 (Buenos Aires: 17%) and HPV‐16 (Santa Fe: 8.5%) were the most prevalent types. Novel HPV‐66 putative subtype and variants were identified. Vaccine types 16 and 18 were frequent (Buenos Aires: 13.5%; Santa Fe: 10.2%) but few participants had co‐infections with both (Buenos Aires: 1.4%; Santa Fe: 0.2%). A common risk factor for HPV infection was having a new sexual partner in the last year (Buenos Aires: OR 2.53, P < 0.001; Santa Fe: OR 1.85, P = 0.04). This study provides valuable baseline data for future assessment of the impact of massive vaccination in Argentina and it underlines the use of additional HPV testing strategies, such as the CUT system, for surveillance and vaccinology. J. Med. Virol. 85:655–666, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Circulating microRNA‐22 correlates with microRNA‐122 and represents viral replication and liver injury in patients with chronic hepatitis B

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is associated with increased expression of microRNA‐122. Serum microRNA‐122 and microRNA‐22 levels were analyzed in 198 patients with chronic HBV who underwent liver biopsy and were compared with quantitative measurements of HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV DNA, and other clinical and histological findings. Levels of serum microRNA‐122 and microRNA‐22 were determined by reverse transcription‐TaqMan PCR. Serum levels of microRNA‐122 and microRNA‐22 were correlated (R2 = 0.576; P < 0.001), and both were elevated in chronic HBV patients. Significant linear correlations were found between microRNA‐122 or microRNA‐22 and HBsAg levels (R2 = 0.824, P < 0.001 and R2 = 0.394, P < 0.001, respectively) and ALT levels (R2 = 0.498, P < 0.001 and R2 = 0.528, P < 0.001, respectively). MicroRNA‐122 levels were also correlated with HBV DNA titers (R2 = 0.694, P < 0.001 and R2 = 0.421, P < 0.001). Levels of these microRNAs were significantly higher in HBeAg‐positive patients compared to HBeAg‐negative patients (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). MicroRNA‐122 levels were also lower in patients with advanced liver fibrosis (P < 0.001) and lower inflammatory activity (P < 0.025). These results suggest that serum micro‐RNA levels are significantly associated with multiple aspects of HBV infection. The biological meaning of the correlation between microRNA‐122 and HBsAg and should be investigated further. J. Med. Virol. 85:789–798, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kinetics of relapse after pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C

To optimize standard treatment of chronic hepatitis C in responder patients who have achieved undetectable viral load, a prospective study was conducted to determine the factors and kinetics of virologic relapse. Responder patients were monitored 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 weeks after the end of treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Forty‐seven of the 154 patients (30.5%) relapsed. Relapse was significantly associated with absence of rapid virologic response (RVR), retreatment, higher baseline viral load, older age, and lower weight‐based dose of pegylated interferon. Relapse was more frequent in patients failing to achieve a RVR after receiving pegylated interferon alpha 2a < 2.5 µg/week or alpha 2b < 1.5 µg/week (P = 0.002). Among patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 with non‐CC IL‐28B polymorphism (rs12979860), viral decay during treatment was lower in relapsers (P = 0.003 at week 4). Relapse was detected at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12 after the end of treatment for 5, 8, 10, and 6 patients infected with HCV genotype 1, respectively. Positive predictive values for sustained virologic response were 70.9%, 80.2%, 91.9%, and 98.8% at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12, respectively. Only one patient relapsed beyond 24 weeks. Closer follow‐up and treatment adaptation in patients failing to achieve RVR may decrease the relapse rate in slower responders and heavier patients. Monitoring viral load as early as 1 month after the end of treatment could be useful to assess virologic response. J. Med. Virol. 85:1191–1198, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Decreased Glutamate Levels in Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: An sLASER Proton MR Spectroscopy and PiB‐PET Study

Glutamate levels may be informative about the declining neuronal health in the central nervous system. We used an advanced proton MR spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) protocol composed of semi‐localization by adiabatic selective refocusing (sLASER) localization and FAST(EST)MAP shimming for detection of alterations in brain glutamate concentrations in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.
Coxsackievirus B1 reveals strain specific differences in plasmacytoid dendritic cell mediated immunogenicity

Enterovirus infections are usually mild but can also cause severe illnesses and play a role in chronic diseases, such as cardiomyopathies and type 1 diabetes. Host response to the invading virus can markedly modulate the course of the infection, and this response varies between individuals due to the polymorphism of immune response genes. However, it is currently not known if virus strains also differ in their ability to stimulate the host immune system. Coxsackievirus B1 (CBV1) causes severe epidemics in young infants and it has recently been connected with type 1 diabetes in seroepidemiological studies. This study evaluated the ability of different field isolates of CBV1 to induce innate immune responses in PBMCs. CBV1 strains differed markedly in their capacity to induce innate immune responses. Out of the 18 tested CBV1 strains two induced exceptionally strong alpha interferon (IFN‐α) response in PBMC cultures. The responding cell type was found to be the plasmacytoid dendritic cell. Such a strong innate immune response was accompanied by an up‐regulation of several other immune response genes and secretion of cytokines, which modulate inflammation, and adaptive immune responses. These results suggest that enterovirus‐induced immune activation depends on the virus strain. It is possible that the immunotype of the virus modulates the course of the infection and plays a role in the pathogenesis of chronic immune‐mediated enterovirus diseases. J. Med. Virol. 86:1412–1420, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surgical nurses' intention to leave a workplace in Iceland: a questionnaire study.

AIM To explore surgical nurses' reported determinants of intention to leave a workplace. BACKGROUND Nurses' work environment influences nurses' intent to leave the workplace. METHODS A descriptive, quantitative study design using a structured questionnaire was used to measure the intention of all nurses (n = 383; 49% response rate) working at the surgical division at Landspítali-The National University Hospital of Iceland to leave a practice. RESULTS Low general job satisfaction, followed by little praise from nurse managers and having to perform unprofessional work had the greatest influence on nurses' intention to leave a workplace. In addition, nurses who found their own knowledge respected, but were not pleased with the work were more likely to consider leaving. CONCLUSION A lack of praise by unit managers, engagement in unprofessional work, low job satisfaction coupled with having ones' knowledge respected and a non-competitive work climate are factors contributing to nurses' intention to leave. Factors contributing to nurses' intention to leave may result in a lack of interest in work, low morale and may ultimately lead to unsafe patient care. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Managers benefit from building and supporting a work morale that fosters nurses' intentions to stay in a professional work environment. This includes providing nurses with regular feedback about clinical work.
Augmenting nursing care quality and implementing change management in India: an amalgamated approach.

BACKGROUND AND AIM High dependency on nursing care in healthcare delivery systems in recent times has made the quality appraisal of nursing care even more imperative for nursing administrators. This study demonstrates the utility of a two-phase technique to identify the most significant shortcomings pertaining to nursing care delivery in general wards of a tertiary care hospital. The same could be used to set priorities. METHODS The first phase involved the use of the Delphi technique facilitating the experts to identify the major problems. The mean rank score was used for grading the problems. The second phase of the study involved getting direct feedback from the ward nurses. The sample size was 147 at a level of significance of 5%. RESULTS Consensus was reached among experts on four problems that should galvanize nursing administration vis-à-vis quality improvement. The responses of ward nurses in the second phase gave a better insight into these problems. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Identifying the existing problems and fostering a team spirit among all stakeholders hold the key in strategizing quality improvement in nursing care. Nursing administrators worldwide, after making suitable situation-specific customizations, may use this approach to realize both these objectives.
Delivering patient choice in clinical practice: a conversation analytic study of communication practices used in neurology clinics to involve patients in decision-making

conversation analytic study of communication practices used in neurology clinics to involve patients in decision-making Markus Reuber *, Merran Toerien, Rebecca Shaw and Roderick Duncan *Corresponding author: Academic Neurology Unit, University of Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2JF Email: markus.reuber@sth.nhs. uk 2 Department of Sociology, University of York Heslington, York, YO10 5DD Email: merran.toerien@york.ac. uk Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow
The influence of empowerment, authentic leadership, and professional practice environments on nurses' perceived interprofessional collaboration.

AIM The aim of this study was to examine the influence of structural empowerment, authentic leadership and professional nursing practice environments on experienced nurses' perceptions of interprofessional collaboration. BACKGROUND Enhanced interprofessional collaboration (IPC) is seen as one means of transforming the health-care system and addressing concerns about shortages of health-care workers. Organizational supports and resources are suggested as key to promoting IPC. METHODS A predictive non-experimental design was used to test the effects of structural empowerment, authentic leadership and professional nursing practice environments on perceived interprofessional collaboration. A random sample of experienced registered nurses (n = 220) in Ontario, Canada completed a mailed questionnaire. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used. RESULTS Higher perceived structural empowerment, authentic leadership, and professional practice environments explained 45% of the variance in perceived IPC (Adj. R² = 0.452, F = 59.40, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that structural empowerment, authentic leadership and a professional nursing practice environment may enhance IPC. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Nurse leaders who ensure access to resources such as knowledge of IPC, embody authenticity and build trust among nurses, and support the presence of a professional nursing practice environment can contribute to enhanced IPC.
Association Between Neuropathology and Brain Volume in The Framingham Heart Study

Studies of clinical and community cohorts have shown that antemortem imaging measures of hippocampal volume have correlated with postmortem Alzheimer pathology. Fewer studies have examined the relationship between both Alzheimer and cerebrovascular pathology, and antemortem brain imaging. The aim of this study was to correlate antemortem brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumes with postmortem brain pathology (both Alzheimer-related and cerebrovascular) in a community-derived cohort from the Framingham Heart Study. Participants (n=59) from the Framingham Heart Study were included if they were enrolled in the brain autopsy program and underwent antemortem clinical evaluation, neuropsychological testing, and brain MRI. Cortical neurofibrillary tangle pathology correlated with lower total cerebral brain (&bgr;±SE=−0.04±0.01, P=0.004) and hippocampal volumes (&bgr;±SE=−0.03±0.02, P=0.044) and larger temporal horns (log-transformed, &bgr;±SE=0.05±0.01, P=0.001). Similar findings were seen between total/cortical neuritic plaques and total cerebral brain and temporal horn volume. White matter hyperintensities (also log-transformed) were best predicted by the presence of deep nuclei microinfarcts (&bgr;±SE=0.53±0.21, P=0.016), whereas hippocampal volume was significantly decreased in the presence of hippocampal sclerosis (&bgr;±SE=−1.23±0.30, P<0.001). This study showed that volumetric MRI measures correlated with postmortem Alzheimer-related and cerebrovascular neuropathology in this community-derived cohort, confirming that these MRI measures are important antemortem surrogates for these dementia-related pathologies.
Clinical‐ versus home‐based treatment formats for children with chronic headache

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a cognitive–behavioural treatment programme, delivered in either clinic-based group format, or home-based minimal-therapist-contact format, in the treatment of chronic headache (migraine, tension or combined), for 10–12-year-old children. Subjects were assigned randomly to three conditions: clinic-based treatment (eight sessions); home-based treatment (three sessions supplemented by working at home from treatment manuals); and waiting-list control. Both treatment conditions were associated with significant reductions in headaches, but no changes occurred for the control condition. The two treatment formats were equally efficacious; however, the home-based format was over twice as cost effective as the clinic-based format.
Cognitive Function and its Risk Factors Among Older US Adults Living at Home

Background: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) has not been administered to a representative national sample, precluding comparison of patient scores to the general population and for risk factor identification. Methods: A validated survey-based adaptation of the MoCA (MoCA-SA) was administered to a probability sample of home-dwelling US adults aged 62 to 90, using the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (n=3129), yielding estimates of prevalence in the United States. The association between MoCA-SA scores and sociodemographic and health-related risk factors were determined. Results: MoCA-SA scores decreased with age, and there were substantial differences among sex, education, and race/ethnicity groups. Poor physical health, functional status, and depression were also associated with lower cognitive performance; current health behaviors were not. Using the recommended MoCA cut-point score for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MoCA score <26; MoCA-SA score <17), 72% (95% confidence interval, 69% to 74%) of older US adults would be classified as having some degree of cognitive impairment. Conclusions: Our results provide an important national estimate for interpreting MoCA scores from individual patients, and establish wide variability in cognition among older home-dwelling US adults. Care should be taken in applying previously-established MoCA cut-points to the general population, especially when evaluating individuals from educationally and ethnically diverse groups.
Dengue severity associated with age and a new lineage of dengue virus‐type 2 during an outbreak in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

Dengue virus‐type 2 (DENV‐2) caused three outbreaks, in the years 1990, 1998, and 2008, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The 2008 outbreak was the most severe in reported cases, hospitalizations, and deaths. To investigate virological and epidemiological factors that may have contributed to the pathogenic profile of 2008 epidemic, 102 patients sera obtained during the epidemic and inter‐epidemic periods of three outbreaks were analysed by qRT‐PCR to estimate viremia levels and their correlation with the clinical, immunological, and demographic patient characteristics. DENV‐2 isolates from the outbreaks were sequenced. Two DENV‐2 lineages (I and II) of the American/Asian genotype were confirmed, each exclusive for 1990–2002 and 2007–2011, respectively. The mean viremia level in the 2008 samples was two orders of magnitude higher than that of the 1990–2002 samples. Severe dengue cases increased from 31% in 1990–2002 to 69% in 2007–2011; in patients aged ≤15 years, from 3% in 1990–2002 to 37% in 2007–2011. The DENV‐2 lineage II and younger age significantly contributed to the pathogenic profile of 2008 epidemic in Rio de Janeiro. J. Med. Virol. 88:1130–1136, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reliability and Validity of Food Frequency Questionnaire and Nutrient Biomarkers in Elders With and Without Mild Cognitive Impairment

IntroductionThere is great interest in the nutritional strategies for the prevention of age-related cognitive decline, yet the best methods for nutritional assessment in the populations at risk for dementia are still evolving. Our study objective was to examine the reliability and validity of the 2 common nutritional assessments (plasma nutrient biomarkers and Food Frequency Questionnaire) in the people at risk for dementia. MethodsThirty-eight elders, half with amnestic—mild cognitive impairment were recruited. Nutritional assessments were collected together at the baseline and again at 1 month. Intraclass and Pearson correlation coefficients quantified reliability and validity. ResultsTwenty-six nutrients were examined. The reliability was very good or better for 77% (20/26, intraclass correlation coefficients or ICC ≥0.75) of the plasma nutrient biomarkers and for 88% of the food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) estimates. Twelve of the nutrient biomarkers were as reliable as the commonly measured plasma cholesterol (ICC≥0.92). FFQ and plasma long-chain fatty acids (docosahexaenoic acid, r=0.39, eicosapentaenoic acid, r=0.39) and carotenoids (&agr;-carotene, r=0.49; lutein + zeaxanthin, r=0.48; &bgr;-carotene, r=0.43; &bgr;-cryptoxanthin, r=0.41) were correlated, but these significant correlations were present only in non-impaired elders. ConclusionThe reliability and validity of the FFQ and nutrient biomarkers vary according to the nutrient of interest. Memory deficit attenuates validity and inflates reliability of FFQ reports. Many plasma nutrient biomarkers have very good reliability over 1-month, regardless of memory state. This objective method can circumvent sources of error seen in other less direct and subjective methods of nutritional assessment.
Maternal Transmission of Alzheimer Disease

Some researchers propose maternal Alzheimer disease (AD) inheritance. We compared dementia family histories in AD cases and cognitively normal controls. We expected more mothers to have AD in both groups. If maternal risk was not only due to female longevity, more AD cases’ than controls’ mothers should have dementia. We matched 196 AD cases to 200 controls by sex and age. We obtained parent dementia status and age of death for 348 AD and 319 control parents. Twenty-four (12%) controls’ fathers, 26 (13%) AD patients’ fathers, 58 (29%) controls’ mothers, and 55 (28%) AD mothers had memory difficulty. More mothers than fathers had memory problems in both groups and the statistical significance persisted after adjusting for parent age at death and APOE for controls [odds ratios (OR)=2.40, P=0.004] but not cases (OR=1.63, P=0.14), although the results are qualitatively similar. There was no evidence of a real difference between the 2 groups in interaction analysis (P=0.41). Mothers of both cases and controls were more often affected than fathers, even after adjusting for age. Cases’ mothers no more often had dementia than controls’ mothers, which does not support maternal AD transmission. Rather, the increased number of affected mothers relates, at least in part, to female longevity.
Cell culture‐adaptive mutations of NS5A affect replication of hepatitis C virus differentially depending on the viral genotypes

Most of HCV RNAs require cell culture‐adaptive mutations for efficient replication in cell culture and a number of such mutations have been described including a well‐known S2204I substitution mutation in NS5A protein. In contrast, the replication of genotype 2a JFH1 RNA in cell culture does not require any cell culture‐adaptive mutation. Rather, the presence of S2204I mutation impaired the JFH1 RNA replication. In this study, we examined the effect of reversions and substitutions of NS5A cell culture‐adaptive mutations on virus replication in different genotypic backgrounds after either placing genotype 1a NS5A in the genotype 2a JFH1 or vice versa. The results from this investigation suggest that the S2204I mutation affects HCV RNA replication differentially depending on the viral genotypes but that the effect was not simply explained by the genotypic background. Perhaps, the effect of the S2204I mutation on HCV replication reflects both intra‐ and intergenic interactions of NS5A protein. J. Med. Virol. 89:146–152, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wearable motion sensors to continuously measure real-world physical activities.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Rehabilitation for sensorimotor impairments aims to improve daily activities, walking, exercise, and motor skills. Monitoring of practice and measuring outcomes, however, is usually restricted to laboratory-based procedures and self-reports. Mobile health devices may reverse these confounders of daily care and research trials. RECENT FINDINGS Wearable, wireless motion sensor data, analyzed by activity pattern-recognition algorithms, can describe the type, quantity, and quality of mobility-related activities in the community. Data transmission from the sensors to a cell phone and the Internet enable continuous monitoring. Remote access to laboratory quality data about walking speed, duration and distance, gait asymmetry and smoothness of movements, as well as cycling, exercise, and skills practice, opens new opportunities to engage patients in progressive, personalized therapies with feedback about the performance. Clinical trial designs will be able to include remote verification of the integrity of complex physical interventions and compliance with practice, as well as capture repeated, ecologically sound, ratio scale outcome measures. SUMMARY Given the progressively falling cost of miniaturized wearable gyroscopes, accelerometers, and other physiologic sensors, as well as inexpensive data transmission, sensing systems may become as ubiquitous as cell phones for healthcare. Neurorehabilitation can develop these mobile health platforms for daily care and clinical trials to improve exercise and fitness, skills learning, and physical functioning.