Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modified Cytoplasmic Ca 2 + Sequestration Contributes to Spinal Cord Injury-Induced Augmentation of Nerve-Evoked Contractions in the Rat Tail Artery

In rat tail artery (RTA), spinal cord injury (SCI) increases nerve-evoked contractions and the contribution of L-type Ca 2 + channels to these responses. In RTAs from unoperated rats, these channels play a minor role in contractions and Bay K8644 (L-type channel agonist) mimics the effects of SCI. Here we investigated the mechanisms underlying the facilitatory actions of SCI and Bay K8644 on nerve-evoked contractions of RTAs and the hypothesis that Ca 2 + entering via L-type Ca 2 + channels is rapidly sequestered by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) limiting its role in contraction. In situ electrochemical detection of noradrenaline was used to assess if Bay K8644 increased noradrenaline release. Perforated patch recordings were used to assess if SCI changed the Ca 2 + current recorded in RTA myocytes. Wire myography was used to assess if SCI modified the effects of Bay K8644 and of interrupting SR Ca 2 + uptake on nerve-evoked contractions. Bay K8644 did not change noradrenaline-induced oxidation currents. Neither the size nor gating of Ca 2 + currents differed between myocytes from sham-operated (control) and SCI rats. Bay K8644 increased nerve-evoked contractions in RTAs from both control and SCI rats, but the magnitude of this effect was reduced by SCI. By contrast, depleting SR Ca 2 + stores with ryanodine or cyclopiazonic acid selectively increased nerve-evoked contractions in control RTAs. Cyclopiazonic acid also selectively increased the blockade of these responses by nifedipine (L-type channel blocker) in control RTAs, whereas ryanodine increased the blockade produced by nifedipine in both groups of RTAs. These findings suggest that Ca 2 + entering via L-type channels is normally rapidly sequestered limiting its access to the contractile mechanism. Furthermore, the findings suggest SCI reduces the role of this mechanism.
Analysis of brainstem activitywith fMRI during low-level of pain- a feasibility study with innocuous cold stimuli

Background: In functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, there are limitedpublished data on the functional map of the human brainstem. Objective: To assess the feasibility and to map the neural activity in the human brainstem with Fmri by equal intensity by low-level of thermal stimuli on the peripheral sensors of the skin. Patients and Methods: Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of the brainstem were carried out on 6healthyindividuals in a 3T MRI machine. A noxious thermal stimulus was applied on the peripheral sensitisation nerves on the arm. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data spanned from the brainstem location by a 32-head channel and analyzed using a fixed-effects General Linear Model to discriminate signal intensity changes from physiological motion. The results were normalised and combined to show the activity at each location on a voxel-by-voxel basis. Areas of physiological activity were recognized with comparison to the number of atlases. Results : Noxious and innocuous related activation clusters were approved in this applied method. There were considerable activity in the midbrain, pons, medulla and reticular formation. The results of this pilot study are similar and in some anatomical regions even better with head coils than obtained with previous functional magnetic resonance imaging spinal coil studies. We obtained evidence of localization of the following nuclei by using this method, as follows: major activities in the inferior anterior parts of pons and the junction with medulla includes the (olive and pyramids),superior cerebella pundicle, rostral portion of medulla (RMV), Broadmann areas sensation innocuous stimuli; activation in the left side of the medulla and pyramids), the left side of pons, the left side of midbrain, Broadmann area [5,7] pain and temperature sensation areas with noxious stimuli. Conclusion : This pilot study provides useful evidence flow-painful and innocuous information transmitted between the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system in healthy participants. It also demonstrates how peripheral sensitisation induces physiological changes in the brainstem correlates with noxious and innocuous thermal transmission.
Modulation of Gene Expression in Human Macrophages Treated with the Anti- Leishmania Pentavalent Antimonial Drug Sodium Stibogluconate (cid:1) †

Within the mammalian host, Leishmania donovani is an obligatory intracellular protozoan parasite that resides and multiplies exclusively in the phagolysosomes of macrophages. Leishmania control relies primarily on chemo-therapy, with the mainstay being pentavalent antimony (SbV) complexed to carbohydrates in the form of sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) or meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime). The mode of action of SbV is still not known precisely. To explore the effect of SbV on macrophage gene expression, a microarray analysis was performed using Affymetrix focus arrays to compare gene expression proﬁles in noninfected and L. donovani -infected THP-1 monocytic cells treated or not treated with sodium stibogluconate. Under our experimental conditions, SbV changed the expression of a few host genes, and this was independent of whether cells were infected or not infected with Leishmania . Leishmania infection had a greater effect on the modulation of host gene expression. Statistical analyses have indicated that the expression of eight genes was modiﬁed by at least twofold upon SbV treatment, with six genes upregulated and two genes downregulated. One gene whose expression was affected by SbV was the heme oxygenase gene HMOX-1 , and this change was observed both in the monocytic cell line THP-1 and in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. Another pathway that was affected was the glutathione biosynthesis pathway, where the expression of the glutamate-cysteine ligase modiﬁer subunit was increased upon SbV treatment. Our analysis has suggested that, under our experimental conditions, the expression of a few genes is altered upon SbV treatment, and some of these encoded proteins may be implicated in the yet-to-be-deﬁned mode of action of SbV. Thiol analysis. Thiols were derivatized with monobromobimane, separated by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and quantitated as described previously (15). Statistical analyses. The means of the quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) values or thiol measurements were compared by using Student’s t test or a single analysis of variance, followed by Tukey’s or Dunnett’s multiple comparison when more than two means were considered. P values of less than 0.05 were deemed statistically signiﬁcant. Computations were carried out using Microsoft Excel software.
Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Chitinase-Deﬁcient Bacillus licheniformis Strains Capable of Deproteinization of Shrimp Shell Waste To Obtain Highly Viscous Chitin (cid:1)

Proteolytic but chitinase-deﬁcient microbial cultures were isolated from shrimp shell waste and character- ized. The most efﬁcient isolate was found to be a mixed culture consisting of two Bacillus licheniformis strains, which were ﬁrst determined microscopically and physiologically. Molecular characterization was carried out by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene of both strains. According to the residual protein and ash content, the chitin obtained by fermentation of such a mixed culture was found to be comparable to a commercially available, chemically processed product. However, the strikingly high viscosity (80 versus 10 mPa of the commercially available sample) indicates its superior quality. The two strains differed in colony morphology and in their secretion capabilities for degradative extracellular enzymes. Sequencing of the loci encoding amylase, cellulase, chitinases, and proteases, as well as the degS / degU operon,
Model and Software in the Loop with Automatic Code Generation for Indicator Lights Warnings

In this paper Model Based Design (MBD) is used to simplify the development of three types of visual warning in an automobile. Along the signals the proposed system provides the outputs to send encapsulated signals in an automotive network. The method presented in this paper uses auto code generation to ease the developers work and give engineers experienced in embedded programing a very useful option to avoid expenditure of time often waste in manual programing. The C code generated automatically can be used in several hardware and the methodology presented is helpful in a wide broad of applications.
Two Functional States of the CD11b A-Domain: Correlations with Key Features of Two Mn 2 (cid:49) -complexed Crystal Structures

In the presence of bound Mn 2 (cid:49) , the three-dimensional structure of the ligand-binding A-domain from the integrin CR3 (CD11b/CD18) is shown to exist in the (cid:210)open(cid:211) conformation previously described only for a crystalline Mg 2 (cid:49) complex. The open conformation is distinguished from the (cid:210)closed(cid:211) form by the solvent exposure of F302, a direct T209—Mn 2 (cid:49) bond, and the presence of a glutamate side chain in the MIDAS site. Approximately 10% of wild-type CD11b A-domain is present in an (cid:210)active(cid:211) state (binds to activation-depen-dent ligands, e.g., iC3b and the mAb 7E3). In the isolated domain and in the holoreceptor, the percentage of the active form can be quantitatively increased or abolished in F302W and T209A mutants, respectively. The iC3b-binding site is located on the MIDAS face and includes conformationally sensitive residues that undergo significant shifts in the open versus closed structures. We suggest that stabilization of the open structure is independent of the nature of the metal ligand and that the open conformation may represent the physiologi-cally active form. residues D132 to K315, with the metal and water molecules removed. The struc- ture was refined using the computer program PROFFT (Finzel, 1987) to a final R factor of 19.8% (1.5 sigma cutoff). The final model comprises all nonhydrogen atoms of residues D132 to K315, 25 water molecules, and one manganese metal ion. Water molecules were placed and maintained based on suitable peaks in difference maps, reasonable hydrogen bond ar-rangements, and refined temperature factors of (cid:44) 35. Five protein residues have energetically unfavorable phi-psi angles as demonstrated by a Ram-achandran plot (Gln163, Thr169, Ser177, Phe184, and Leu206), and in- clude one of the residues also noted in the 1.8(cid:129) structure (Ser177). Exam-ination of hydrogen bonding patterns and local interactions suggest plausible explanations for the unusual geometry of four of the five residues. and (cid:56)
Cloning and Nucleotide Sequence of a Negative Regulator Gene for Klebsiella aerogenes Arylsulfatase Synthesis and Identification of the Gene as foL4

A negative regulator gene for synthesis of arylsulfatase in Klebsiella aerogenes was cloned. Deletion analysis showed that the regulator gene was located within a 1.6-kb cloned segment. Transfer of the plasmid, which contains the cloned fragment, into constitutive atsR mutant strains ofK. aerogenes resulted in complementation of atsR; the synthesis of arylsulfatase was repressed in the presence of inorganic sulfate or cysteine, and this repression was relieved, in each case, by the addition of tyramine. The nucleotide sequence of the 1.6-kb fragment was determined. From the amino acid sequence deduced from the DNA sequence, we found two open reading frames. One of them lacked the N-terminal region but was highly homologous to the gene which codes for diadenosine tetraphosphatase (apaH) in Escherichia coli. The other open reading frame was located counterclockwise to the apaH-like gene. This gene was highly homologous to the gene which codes for dihydrofolate reductase (foU4) in E. coli. We detected 30 times more activity of dihydrofolate reductase in the K. aerogenes strains carrying the plasmid, which contains the arylsulfatase regulator gene, than in the strains without plasmid. Further deletion analysis showed that the K. aerogenes folA gene is consistent with the essential region required for the repression of arylsulfatase synthesis. Transfer of a plasmid E. colifolA atsR mutant ofK. arylsulfatase we conclude that thefoL4 gene codes a negative regulator for the ats operon.
E¡ect ofentFdeletion on iron acquisition and erythritol metabolism by Brucellaabortus2308

Brucella abortus has been shown to produce two siderophores: 2,3-dihydroxyben-zoic acid (2,3-DHBA) and brucebactin. Previous studies on Brucella have shown that 2,3-DHBA is associated with erythritol utilization and virulence in pregnant ruminants. The biosynthetic pathway and role of brucebactin are not known and the only gene shown to be involved so far is entF . Using cre-lox methodology, an entF mutant was created in wild-type B. abortus 2308. Compared with the wild-type strain, the D entF strain showed signiﬁcant growth inhibition in iron minimal media that became exacerbated in the presence of an iron chelator. For the ﬁrst time, we have demonstrated the death of the D entF strain under iron-limiting conditions in the presence of erythritol. Addition of FeCl 3 restored the growth of the D entF strain, suggesting a signiﬁcant role in iron acquisition. Further, complementation of the D entF strain using a plasmid containing an entF gene suggested the absence of any polar effects. In contrast, there was no signiﬁcant difference in survival and growth between the D entF and wild-type strains grown in the murine macrophage cell line J774A.1, suggesting that an alternate iron acquisition pathway is present in Brucella when grown intracellulary.
MINIREVIEW Two-Component Signal Transduction in Enterococcus faecalis †

Enterococci are gram-positive constituents of the normal human microﬂora, typically colonizing the intestinal tract and skin (34, 47). However, these organisms are capable of causing disease as opportunistic pathogens, mainly in immunocompro-mised patients (35, 58). The problem of enterococcal infection has been aggravated by the emergence in the past decade of multiple antibiotic resistance, which has converted some enterococci from being difﬁcult to treat medically to being com-pletely refractory to all antimicrobial regimens (22, 46). Despite their constitute a major component of the of are considered to important in ripen-ing and enterococci are used as any bacterial species for these general
Introductory Chapter: Superhydrophobic Surfaces Introduction and Applications Introductory Chapter: Superhydrophobic Surfaces - Introduction and Applications

Superhydrophobicity was first observed in the nature on lotus leaf and in some other plants in which their leaves would not get wet. The main reason of this phenomenon was the unique surface structure of the lotus leaf and also presence of a low surface energy material on the surface of the leaf. In order to achieve superhydrophobic surface or coating, the surface must possess hierarchical microand nano-roughness and low surface energy at the same time. Hierarchical microand nanoscale roughness will trap air on the surface that will cause increase in water contact angle, and low surface energy will decrease the tendency of water to have bonding with the surface. So, almost all the methods to achieve superhydrophobicity consist of two steps: first to make a hierarchical surface roughness and then surface modification by a low surface energy solution of some materials like fatty acids, fluoroalkyl silanes, etc.
Multibeam Generation and Measurement of a DDS-Based Digital Beamforming Array Transmitter at Ka-Band

In this paper, a Ka-band digital beamforming array transmitter (DBFAT) using direct digital synthesizer (DDS) for millimeter-wave (mmW) applications is proposed. The system architecture, realization, generation, and measurement process of multiple beams are introduced. The array element consists of two kinds of tapered slot antennas with opposite fin orientations. They are placed in the side-by-side configuration such that the undesirable orthogonal electrical field is suppressed, thereby decreasing the cross-polarization level at the majority of the scanning angles. Different sets of weighting coefficients are synthesized by the DDS module, which generates various types of multibeam patterns simultaneously. Compared with the existing realized DBFAT systems, the radiation patterns of various multibeam scenarios are investigated and measured. Also, all of the mmW channels are placed on a single board, making the overall system much more compact. In addition, compared to DBFAT, which consists of identical array elements, the cross-polarization performance of the proposed DBFAT is improved within a wide range of scanning angles. As a proof-of-concept example, a 15-element linear DBFAT system prototype is fabricated and measured, confirming the validity of the presented technology, which can be utilized as a simple and low-cost alternative for evaluating the radiation performance of mmW DBFATs.
A Collaborative Content Publisher

—We propose a web application called Collaborative Content Publisher (CCPublisher), which enables users to publish content and post their work on blogs or elsewhere. Users can participate in collaborative writing of the content posted on different web pages and synchronize each content version. A web annotation function is also provided for users to annotate multimedia content on the web pages. Users can integrate the annotated multimedia content with their collaborative work and update the annotation after the original annotation has been modified. Annotations of multimedia content in different versions of the collaborative work will be consistent if the same multimedia is used. With the CCPublisher, users can provide feedback on any web page, exchange ideas, and enrich the shared collaborative content as well as the web content. It therefore facilitates collaborative learning and the efficient accumulation of knowledge.
Extraction of Multi-person Vital Signs using Single-antenna Doppler Radar

Noninvasive monitoring is an important internet-of-things (IoT) application, which is made possible by the advances in radio-frequency (RF) based detection technologies. Existing techniques however rely on the use of antenna array, and their size greatly limits the applicability of in-home monitoring. Another deﬁciency is that the technology so far is not applicable to multi-person scenarios. In this paper, we propose our system termed ‘DeepMining’ which is a single-antenna Doppler radar system that can simultaneously track the breathing rates and heartbeats of multiple persons with high accuracy. DeepMining uses a number of signal observations over a period of time as input and returns the trajectory of the breathing and heartbeat rates of each person. The extraction is based on frequency separation algorithms using successive signal cancellation. The proposed system is implemented using the self-injection locking (SIL) radar architecture and tested in a series of experiments, showing accuracies of 95% and 90% for two and three subjects, respectively, even for closely located persons.
Bangla Font Detection Using 1-D Discrete Wavelet Transform

Characteristics of an image lies in its spectral components. In this paper, we determine eight minimum spectral components of an image to determine its characteristics. Here, we choose Bangla fonts as the test images. The variation of maximum slopes of spectral plots is considered as the key parameter to recognize a Bangla font. To determine the spectral components, we choose discrete wavelet transform along row and column wise to the matrix of binary image. The proposed method can recognize the fonts till 10 degree of inclination angle with an acceptable probability of success.
Effect of channel orientation of local heat (mass) transfer distributions in a rotating two

Naphthalene sublimation experiments have been conducted to study the effects of channel orientation, rotational Coriolis force, and a sharp turn, on the local heat (mass) transfer distributions in a two-pass square channel with a sharp turn and smooth walls, rotating about a perpendicular axis. The test channel was oriented so that the direction of rotation was perpendicular to or at a 45 deg angle to the leading and trailing walls. The Reynolds number was kept at 5,500 and the rotation number ranged up to 0.24. For the radial outward flow in the first straight pass of the diagonally oriented channel, rotation-induced Coriolis force caused large monotonic spanwise variations of the local mass transfer on both the leading and trailing walls, with the largest mass transfer along the outer edges of both walls. Rotation did not lower the spanwise average mass transfer on the leading wall and did not increase that on the trailing wall in the diagonally oriented channel as much as in the normally oriented channel. The combined effect of the channel orientation, rotation, and the sharp turn caused large variations of the local mass transfer distributions on the walls at the sharp turn and immediately downstream of the sharp turn. The velocity fields that were obtained with a finite difference control-volume-based computer program helped explain how rotation and channel orientation affected the local mass transfer distributions in the rotating two-pass channel.
A two stage algorithm for face recognition: 2DPCA and within-class scatter minimization

The paper proposes a two-phase algorithm using 2DPCA and Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization Procedure for better representation of face images with reduced dimension. While minimizing the within-class scatter, maximization of the total scatter is taken into account. The proposed method obtains the covariance matrix as in 2DPCA, and applies eigenvalue-eigenvector decomposition to this covariance matrix. Feature extraction is achieved using only d eigenvectors corresponding to largest d eigenvalues. The algorithm computes orthonormal bases by applying Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization Procedure. Using these orthonormal bases, a common feature vector is calculated for each space in a class. A common feature matrix, which is used for image recognition, is then obtained for each class by gathering d common feature vectors of this class in a matrix form. Ar-Face database is used for experimental study. The proposed method produced better recognition rates compared to Eigenface, Fisherface and 2DPCA.