Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tackling the Drop Impact Reliability of Electronic Packaging

A 3-year collaboration program between the Institute of Microelectronics, National University of Singapore, and the University of Cambridge has been established with the following two objectives: (i) to establish a mechanics and physics-of-failure based board-level test methodology; (ii) to establish design guidelines and, ultimately, failure criteria for board level interconnect during drop/impact test. The following accomplishments have been achieved in the first year of the program: (i) the mechanics and physics of failure in a typical board-level test have been established (ii) the drop impact characteristics of 6 commercial portable products have been comprehensively surveyed; (iii) a weakness has been identified in the drop impact strength of SnAgCu solder alloy (acknowledged as the leading Pb-free solder candidate). Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Wireless Sensor Networks for Beef and Dairy Herd Management

Abstract This paper reports on the application of wireless sensor technology to cattle monitoring. By monitoring and understanding cattle’s individual and herd behaviour, farmers can potentially identify the onset of illness, lameness or other conditions which might benefit from early intervention. Low cost sensor network platforms show considerable potential in this context but are faced with a number of significant technical challenges before they are widely and routinely adopted. This paper focuses on challenges that relate specifically to the backhaul of data from cattle mounted sensory devices including data protocols, power consumption, mobility, operational range, data transmission volumes and herd size. The optimization of a wireless communications platform based around the IEEE 802.15. 4 standard protocol from the perspective of operational battery lifetime has been analysed as a function of daily download volume and herd size. Boundary conditions are presented according to battery life expectancy. Operational issues such as the length of time grazing animals spend within range of base stations are also reported.
Experiential learning in entrepreneurship education: A prospective model for South African tertiary institutions

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a prospective entrepreneurship training model based on experiential learning which will enable the “production” of small business owners or entrepreneurs which is not being achieved by the current methods.Design/methodology/approach – This is a conceptual paper. It analyses the current approaches in use, identifying inherent weaknesses and the gaps that need to be filled. Through literature reviews and case cites it provides a model that integrates experiential learning into entrepreneurship education.Findings – The paper shows that appropriate experiential training can truly be integrated into entrepreneurship education in South Africa as in disciplines such as engineering or nursing.Research limitation/implications – The model needs to be test implemented to find its efficacy. Just like any model, it may need refinement.Originality/value – The prospective model is an attempt to produce entrepreneurs and small business owners. This is critical in South Af.
Mining User Interests and Change Patterns in Microblog

Nowadays, more and more people use microblogs to share information. Consequently, mining microblog users behavior features is very valuable. In the paper, we propose a user interest mining framework. After data pre-processing, VSM is used to generate the feature vector of the tweet sets. Furthermore, k-bit binaries called interest hash-value and continuous interest hash-value are generated by use of Simhash algorithm. The user interests and change patterns could be mined by analyzing the hamming distance sequences between adjacent two hash-values. Taking Sina microblog as background, a series of experiments are done to prove the effectiveness of the algorithms.
Information and decentralization in inventory, supply chain, and transportation systems

This thesis investigates the impact of lack of information and decentralization of dlecision-making on the performance of inventory, supply chain, and transportation systems. In the first part of the thesis, we study two extensions of a classic singleitem, single-period inventory control problem: the "newsvendor problem. " We first analyze the newsvendor problem when the demand distribution is only partially specified by some moments and shape parameters. We determine order quantities that are robust, in the sense that they minimize the newsvendor's maximum regret about not acting optimally, and we compute the maximum value of additional information. The minimax regret approach is scalable to solve large practical problems, such as those arising in network revenue management, since it combines an efficient solution procedure with very modest data requirements. We then analyze the newsvendor problem when the inventory decision-making is decentralized. In supply chains, inventory decisions often result from complex negotiations among supply partners and might therefore lead to a loss of efficiency (in terms of profit loss). We quantify the loss of efficiency of decentralized supply chains that use price-only contracts under the following configurations: series, assembly, competitive procurement, and competitive distribution. In the second part of the thesis, we characterize the dynamic nature of traffic equilibria in a transportation network. Using the theory of kinematic waves, we derive an analytical model for traffic delays capturing the first-order traffic dynamics and the impact of shock waves. We then incorporate the travel-time model within a dynamic user equilibrium setting and illustrate how the model applies to solve a large network assignment problem. Thesis Supervisor: Georgia Perakis Title: J. Spencer Standish Associate Professor of Operations Research Sloan School of Management
A new multi‐winding traction transformer equivalent circuit for short‐circuit performance analysis

SUMMARY Current and force calculations in different short-circuit conditions are required for short-circuit performance analysis of a multi-winding traction transformer which is one of the most important requirements in its design process. This paper extends the available low-frequency three-winding star equivalent circuits to develop a novel equivalent circuit for the four-winding traction transformers. The leakage inductances of the traction transformer are determined and employed to calculate the parameters of this developed star model. It is shown that the star equivalent circuit is a valid and appropriate model to simulate the steady-state and dynamic performance of the traction transformer under different short-circuit conditions. To analyze the short-circuit performance of the transformer, the short-circuit currents (simulated by the introduced model) are employed to compute the electromagnetic forces for a typical dry-type traction transformer. The analytical and numerical methods are used for short-circuit force calculations, and those results are compared against each other. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental results with a six-degree-of-freedom force-reflecting hand controller

Control experiments performed using an isotonic joystick connected to a six degree-of-freedom manipulator equipped with a six dimensional force-torque sensor at the base of the manipulator end effector are described. The preliminary control experiments were aimed at the investigation of the human operators' ability to command and control forces in different directions by varying the information conditions and the values of the feedforward and feedback command gains in the bilateral control loop. The main conclusions are: (1) a quantified graphic display of force-torque information can considerably enhance the operator's ability to perform a quantitatively sharp force-torque control, and (2) there seems to be a task dependent optimal combination of the feedforward and feedback command gain values which provide a dynamically smooth and stable bilateral control performance.
A Chromatic Sensor to Detect Free Radicals Using H2O2 as an Analyte withDTT and Au-NPs as Sensing Agents Microscopy

In this study, a simple chromatic biosensor for free radicals, which accumulate inside human bodies and can be identified as an essential sign of various diseases, is presented. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was selected as a detection target as it is one of the main species of free radicals and owns longer life cycle than other species. Previous studies also showed that the cancer and cardiovascular disease were strongly correlated with the concentration of free radicals in urine greater than 10-4 M. Different concentrations of H2O2 were added into 1,4-dithiothreitol (DTT) solution for detection. The DTT could not only act as a common reductant reacting with H2O2 through redox reaction, but also cause the aggregation of gold-nanoparticles (Au-NPs), which resulted in color change of Au-NPs attributed to the effect of surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The H2O2 concentration is therefore can be detected from its correlation with the color change of H O /DTT/Au-NPs solutions, as more H 2O2 in solution will lead to more redox reaction and consequently less DTT to cause Au-NPs aggregation. Results show that the H2O2 concentrations ranged between 10-1 M to 10-6 M can be detected by naked eyes from color change. In additions, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra were measured to further verify the correlation. Furthermore, liquid transmission electron microscopy (liquid-TEM) was also used to confirm the aggregation of Au-NPs in solutions. From above mentioned methods, the feasibility of using a chromatic biosensing system for free radical detection was demonstrated, showing the potential for future disease detection.
Nanoparticles drug-delivery systems and antiangiogenic approaches in the treatment of gliomas

The prognosis of patients with cerebral gliomas remains noticeably poor. Total surgical resection is almost unachievable due to considerable infiltrative ability of glial cells. Furthermore, adjuvant treatments are burdened by considerable limitations. Angiogenesis is the mechanism by which new blood vessels are formed from preexisting ones, thus supporting neoplasm progression. Gliomas are characterized by extensive microvascular proliferation. The extent of neovascularization in brain tumor correlates directly with the biological aggressiveness, degree of malignancy, and clinical recurrence of the tumor. Although a plethora of molecules can act as inducers of angiogenesis, the major growth factors include members of the vascular endothelium growth factor family. The new therapeutic approaches envisage the identification of specific biomarkers involved in this process and try to inhibit them, thus slowing down the neoplastic progression. Nanoparticles (NPs) show the ability to pass the blood–brain barrier, and moreover, when suitably modified, they can bind to specific overexpressed receptors in the glial cells. As carriers, they are able to protect the therapeutic agent and allow their sustained release. In this review, we describe some NP delivery systems which target specific biomarkers to intervene in the process of angiogenesis.
An Image Processing Algorithm for Detection and Tracking of Aerial Vehicles in Short-Range

This paper proposes an image processing algorithms for detection and tracking of aerial vehicles in short-range. Proposed algorithm detects moving objects by using image homography calculated from consecutive video frames and determines whether the detected objects are approaching aerial vehicles by the Probabilistic Multi-Hypothesis Tracking method(PMHT). This algorithm can perform better than simple color-based detection methods since it can detect moving objects under complex background such as the ground seen during low altitude flight and consider the characteristics of vehicle dynamics. Furthermore, it is effective for the flight test due to the reduction of thresholding sensitivity against external factors. The performance of proposed algorithm is verified by applying to the onboard video obtained by flight test.
Ultralow-capacitance lateral p-i-n photodiode in a thin c-Si film

Results of a large-area ultralow-capacitance lateral p-i-n photodiode in a thin crystalline silicon (c-Si) film are presented. Silicon-on-insulator wafers are used for manufacturing of this photodiode. The ultralow-capacitance photodiode possesses and antireflection coating optimized for blue light and is, therefore, appropriate for scintillation detector applications. An external quantum efficiency of 78% and 67.0% is achieved for wavelengths of 430 and 400 nm, respectively. The rise and fall times of the lateral p-i-n photodiode for light with a wavelength of 400 nm are 10.9 and 11.5 ns, respectively. A capacitance of 1.47 pF was measured inclusive of the bondpad capacitance for the lateral p-i-n photodiode with an area of 3.66 mm/sup 2/. The capacitance of the lateral thin-film photodiode alone is actually only 0.61 pF. This photodiode combines an ultralow capacitance with a high quantum efficiency and a high speed.
The Need of Leader–Subordinate Reciprocal Dyadic Trust to Build the Subordinate's Trust in the Organization: The Case of Korean Air Pilots

This article examines two-way trust (leader's trust in subordinate and subordinate's trust in his or her leader) in the context of the leader–subordinate dyad, and the relationship between the subordinate's perception of this two-way trust and the subordinate's trust in the organization. Based on a survey with a sample of 182 Korean Air pilots, the results show that a perceived leader's trust in a subordinate is positively related to the subordinate's trust in that leader, and that a subordinate's trust in his or her leader mediates the relationship between the leader's trust in subordinate and the subordinate's trust in the organization. A summary of the contributions and implications of this research are discussed, as are suggestions for future research.
Dosimetric evaluation of internal shielding in a high dose rate skin applicator

Purpose The Valencia HDR applicators are accessories of the microSelectron HDR afterloading system (Nucletron) shaped as truncated cones. The base of the cone is either 2 or 3 cm diameter. They are intended to treat skin lesions, being the typical prescription depth 3 mm. In patients with eyelid lesions, an internal shielding is very useful to reduce the dose to the ocular globe. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the dose enhancement from potential backscatter and electron contamination due to the shielding. Material and methods Two methods were used: a) Monte Carlo simulation, performed with the GEANT4 code, 2 cm Valencia applicator was placed on the surface of a water phantom in which 2 mm lead slab was located at 3 mm depth; b) radiochromic EBT films, used to verify the Monte Carlo results, positioning the films at 1.5, 3, 5 and 7 mm depth, inside the phantom. Two irradiations, with and without the lead shielding slab, were carried out. Results The Monte Carlo results showed that due to the backscatter component from the lead, the dose level raised to about 200% with a depth range of 0.5 mm. Under the lead the dose level was enhanced to about 130% with a depth range of 1 mm. Two millimeters of lead reduce the dose under the slab with about 60%. These results agree with film measurements within uncertainties. Conclusions In conclusion, the use of 2 mm internal lead shielding in eyelid skin treatments with the Valencia applicators were evaluated using MC methods and EBT film dosimetry. The minimum bolus thickness that was needed above and below the shielding was 0.5 mm and 1 mm respectively, and the shielding reduced the absorbed dose delivered to the ocular globe by about 60%.
Design of a low-mass high-torque brushless motor for application in quadruped robotics

The Biomimetic Robotics Group is attempting to build the fastest quadruped robot powered by electromagnetic means. The limitations in achieving this goal are the torque produced from motors used to power the robot, as well as the mass and power dissipation of these motors. These limitations formulate the need for a lowmass high-torque low-loss motor. This thesis outlines the process of designing a permanent-magnet synchronous motor that meet the goals of the robot while minimizing the total mass. The motor designed from this thesis is compared to motors currently used by the Group when quantifying improvements made. In the process of achieving the goal, a design was formulated using fundamental electromagnetic principles. This design was then tested using finite element analysis. The final design was fabricated in house and wired by hand. The fabricated motor was tested to quantify key performance parameters such as peak cogging torque, peak motor torque, and thermal time constant under robot conditions. The motor designed by this thesis was able to produce more torque than the current motor being used by the Biomimetic Robotics Group, by a factor of 1.6, while decreasing the mass by 23%. A lower than desired packing factor was achieved since the motor was wired by hand resulting in a higher power dissipation and lower than expected motor torque. This design will be used in the quadroped robot after improvements are made to the cogging torque and packing factor.
Consumer Response to Patriotic Ads for Domestic Versus Foreign Brands in Contexts of International Sporting Events: The Role of National Identity Activation and Group Emotion

An individual possesses multiple social identities, and different identities are temporarily salient at different points in time. A particular social identity, such as national identity (NI), may have little or no impact on consumer response unless that identity is activated. This study explores how NI activated through different contexts of international sporting events and associated group-based emotions (happiness vs. anger) would exert differential influence on consumers’ responses to patriotic ads. Further, this study proposes that this effect would vary depending on the corporate origin of the brand, which refers to whether the advertised brand is domestic or foreign. Findings show that (1) while both happiness and anger improve consumer responses to patriotic ads, such an effect is significantly stronger in the happiness-eliciting context, and (2) while NI activation in the happiness-eliciting context has an effect on increasing consumers’ responses to patriotic ads regardless of the corporate origin of the brands, the effect of activating NI is greater for a domestic (vs. foreign) brand in the anger-eliciting context. This study contributes to extending previous findings by applying two important variables—contexts of activating NI that elicit specific group-based emotions and a corporate origin of the brand—that influence consumer response to a patriotic ad.
A Universal Active-R Filter

Different novel biquadratic active-Η filters are proposed; all of them use the first pole model of op. amp. instead of external capacitors. At first, the general block diagram of the universal filter is shown and analyzed; the corresponding circuit is given. As special cases L. P., B. P., H. P., notch, and allpass filters are derived from the proposed configuration; the simplest one of them is a H. P. — B. P. one which consists of two op. amps, and two resistors only. A design procedure and some curves are given for practical purposes. This universal filter has the advantage that it is of low sensitivities usable for high frequencies, and tunable by varying the resistors ratios. Verschiedene neue biquadratische aktivc-R Filter werden vorgeschlagen, die anstelle externer Kapazit ten den durch die inneren Kapazit ten der Operationsverst rker verursachten Frequenzgang der Verst rkung ausnutzen. Zuerst wird das Blockdiagramm des Universalfilters analysiert sowie eine Realisierung angegeben. Als Sonderf lle der universellen Schaltung werden Filter mit Tief-, Bandund Hochpa sowie Bandsperrencharakter angegeben. Die einfachste Anordnung besteht aus nur zwei Widerst nden und zwei Operationsverst rkern und verwirklicht eine Hochund Bandpa bertragungsfunktion gleichzeitig. Ein Entwurfsverfahren mit zugeh rigen Kurven wird vorgeschlagen. Das neue Universalfilter zeigt niedrige Empfindlichkeiten und ist auch f r hohe Frequenzen verwendbar. Das Netzwerk kann durch Variation von Widerstandsverh ltnissen abgestimmt werden. F r die Dokumentation: Aktive-R Filter / Operationsverst rker / Filtertheorie
A Modelling Tool for Assessing Flood Risk

Managing urban flooding remains one of the key challenges for the operators of sewerage systems in the developed world. In the UK it has been an important area of investment over the last five-year asset management period, and will be even higher on the agenda for the next five. Although modern software tools are extremely sophisticated in estimating the probability of sewer surcharging and surface flooding, the science of assessing individual property flood risk is still in its infancy. The authors have developed a flood risk tool to identify the consequential effects of sewer system overloading in terms of individual property flood risk. This is post-processing software using the output from conventional modelling software. The tool recognises two separate causes of property flooding: backing up flow through connecting drains when sewers are surcharged, and the conveyance of flood flows over the surface. The severity of each is combined with return period to give a flood risk score for each property within a catchment. The tool has been trialled by UK water companies as a proactive way of managing flood risk and has been shown to offer significant advantages over traditional methods of urban flood management.
Promoting bicycle commuting: Understanding the customer

This paper provides a demographic profile of the bicycle commuter and explores government and community efforts to successfully market bicycle commuting to American workers. An integrated approach is recommended for communities interested in encouraging people to select the bicycle as a transportation alternative. The data used in constructing a profile of the typical bicycle commuter comes from the 1980 and 1990 public Use Microdata Sample Files (PUMS) compiled by the U.S. Census Bureau. These microdata files are a valuable resource for producing detailed tabulations of demographic characteristics for bicycle commuters and other similar subpopulations. Language: en