Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Preference for Social Affiliation Renders Fish Willing to Accept Lower O2 Levels

Animals are bombarded with information about their environment and must select and interpret the relevant cues to make behavioral adjustments critical to survival. How animals integrate and balance the many signals they receive about their environment is rarely assessed. We investigated how signals from the social and physical environment interact to influence environmental preferences in the endemic Tanganyikan cichlid Neolamprologus pulcher. Specifically, we explored how fish respond to the physiological challenge of declining O2 levels in light of embedded social preferences using a modified shuttle box apparatus to test O2 preferences. In the presence of a conspecific, the average (preferred) partial pressure of oxygen (Po2) and minimum Po2 experienced were significantly lower (14.90±2.13 and 12.35±3.15 kPa, respectively) than in trials without a conspecific (17.18±2.55 and 15.62±3.09 kPa, respectively). Fish with conspecifics also spent more time in the low Po2 zone of the shuttle box and moved between the high and low Po2 zones less frequently. Hence, O2 preferences were modified, and fish willingly remained in an area of continuously declining O2 availability to associate with a conspecific. The O2 preferences of an individual during social trials correlated with its excess postexercise O2 consumption following an exhaustive chase but not with its aerobic scope, routine O2 consumption rate, or body mass. These results suggest that some aspects of respiratory and metabolic physiology (such as the propensity to use anaerobic metabolism) but not others (such as O2 transport capacity) underpin some variation in social behavior under environmental stress.
Constant-frequency zero-voltage-switched multi-resonant converters: analysis, design, and experimental results

The multi-resonant-switch concept is modified to provide constant-frequency operation. Complete DC analysis and designs of the constant frequency forward and half-bridge multi-resonant converters are presented. Different implementations for the half-bridge topology are discussed. The performances of a 50 W forward converter and a 100 W, offline, half-bridge converter are also presented. A significant constant improvement of the performance of the constant-frequency zero-voltage-switched multi-resonant converter is expected from the development of MOSFETs with very low on-resistance (synchronous rectifiers). <<ETX>>
An energy-balance model for debris-covered glaciers including heat conduction through the debris layer

Abstract Extensive covers of supraglacial debris are often present in glacier ablation areas, and it is essential to assess exactly how the debris affects glacier melt rates. This paper presents a physically based energy-balance model for the surface of a debris-covered glacier. The model is driven by meteorological variables, and was developed using data collected at Miage glacier, Italy, during the ablation seasons of 2005, 2006 and 2007. The debris surface temperature is numerically estimated by considering the balance of heat fluxes at the air/debris interface, and heat conduction through the debris is calculated in order to estimate melt rates at the debris/ice interface. The predicted hourly debris surface temperatures and debris internal temperatures provide a good fit to temperatures measured on rock-covered Miage glacier (r 2 >0.94) and the tephra-covered glacier on Villarrica volcano, Chile (r2 >0.82). The model can also be used to reproduce observed changes in melt rates below debris layers of varying types and thicknesses, an important consideration for the overall mass balance of debris-covered glaciers.
T-DBSCAN: A Spatiotemporal Density Clustering for GPS Trajectory Segmentation

Trajectory data generated from personal or vehicle use of GPS devices can be utilized for travel analysis and traffic information service, whereas trip segmentation is a key step toward the semantic labelling of the trajectories. Two issues are difficult to deal with by the traditional density-based algorithms, i. e. multiple stops at the same spatial location with different visit times and non-consecutive point sequence for stop definition due to signal drifting. This article aims to develop a modified density-based clustering algorithm, named T-DBSCAN, by considering the time-sequential characteristics of the GPS points along a trajectory. Two new premises (i.e. state continuity within a single stop and temporal disjuncture among stops) were proposed as a theoretical basis for regulating the trajectory point selection in clustering. An empirical test was performed using a GPS-based personal travel dataset collected in the city of Shanghai to compare T-DBSCAN against DBSCAN. The results indicated that T-DBSCAN effectively improved both accuracy and computational speed in trajectory segmentation.
Correlations Between Lipid Levels and Age, Gender, Glycemia, Obesity, Diabetes, and Smoking

A low level of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) is an important cardiovascular risk factor. Dietary measures and pharmacological agents are often not sufficient to reach the HDL‐C target level of 40 mg/dl in patients with low baseline HDL‐C. This study assesses the association between lipid levels and age, gender, body mass index (BMI), glycemia, diabetes and smoking and focuses on the parameters influencing HDL‐C. In the town of Lede (Belgium) all patients aged between 45 and 64 years were invited during 1999 for a free of charge health check‐up and blood test. Blood pressure, weight, length and smoking habits were recorded. Serum levels for glycemia and lipoproteins were determined. In total, 629 subjects attended for the check‐up. In a logistic regression analysis age above 50 years was correlated with low HDL‐C (OR = 2.27 CI = 1.10–4.68). Male gender was correlated with low HDL‐C (OR = 3.85 CI = 1.77–8.43) and with high triglycerides (TG) (OR = 1.94 CI = 1.14–3.30). From the level of 90 mg/dl glycemia was correlated with low HDL‐C (OR = 2.56 CI = 1.02–6.39) and high TG (OR = 2.12 CI = 1.16–4.06). Obesity was correlated with low HDL‐C (OR = 2.36 CI = 1.18–4.71) and high TG (OR = 2.17 CI = 1.88–5.23). This study provides some evidence to sharpen the target levels for glycemia and BMI among patients with low HDL‐C and high TG. For these patients, the target glycemia should be around 90 mg/dl and BMI around 25 kg/m2. Physical activity and diet are also important in the achievement of these target levels.
Magnetic form factor of the deuteron.

We have measured the deuteron magnetic form factor B(q/sup 2/) for values of the momentum transfer squared between 7 and 28 fm/sup -2/. The data are compared to relativistic and nonrelativistic predictions including meson-exchange--current contributions. Significant disagreement is found for large momentum transfers.
Polarimetric SAR tomography of tropical forests at P-Band

This paper addresses the characterization of tropical forests by estimating their heights and the underlying ground topography. A novel hybrid spectral approach is proposed and applied to P-Band Multi-baseline PolInSAR data acquired during the TropiSAR campaign over the test site of Paracou in French Guiana. Experimental results demonstrates that tropical forest heights and the underlying ground topography can be accurately estimated by this method, compared with those derived by single-baseline PolInSAR parameter retrieval techniques. The estimated quantities are validated against LiDAR measurements during TropiSAR campaign.
Models of Robustness for Temporal Planning and Scheduling with Dynamic Controllability

Temporal uncertainty is a basic feature in many real scheduling and planning problems. How to achieve a robust schedule or plan which can deal with the temporal uncertainty is a useful issue in real problems. Current research on this issue has introduced different robustness measures. Although they all reflect the quality of temporal schedules or plans in different perspectives, the lack of research on the relations and deviations among the measures is a problem. The plan of my research is to explore a variety of robustness metrics, to find the relations and differences among them and to figure out the model of robust model about schedules and temporal plans. Finally, the goal of my work is to find a better way to explain robustness in scheduling and temporal planning and use the robustness metrics to achieve robust schedules and temporal plans.
Detection of amyloid plaques in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease by magnetic resonance imaging

We performed three‐dimensional, high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of fixed mouse brains to determine whether MRI can detect amyloid plaques in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Plaque‐like structures in the cortex and hippocampus could be clearly identified in T2‐weighted images with an image resolution of 46 μm × 72 μm × 72 μm. The locations of plaques were confirmed in coregistration studies comparing MR images with Congo red‐stained histological results. This technique is quantitative, less labor‐intensive compared to histology, and is free from artifacts related to sectioning process (deformation and missing tissues). It enabled us to study the distribution of plaques in the entire brain in 3D. The results of this study suggest that this method may be useful for assessing treatment efficacy in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Magn Reson Med 51:452–457, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Una Cascada de Transductores Simples para Normalizar Tweets

espanolSe presenta un sistema basado en la concatenacion de varios transductores o FSTs. Cada uno de los transductores se encarga de completar un hito mas o menos simple: ejemplos aprendidos, entidades nombradas, errores basicos, palabras contiguas unidas, onomatopeyas, cambios complejos, cambios en mayusculas. EnglishA system where several transducer or FST are combined in cascade is presented. Each transducer manages a simple step: learned examples, named-entities, basic misspellings, collapsed words, onomatopoeia words, more complex changes, lowercase/uppercase letters.
Validation of a short food frequency questionnaire to assess folate intake

A short quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess folate intake was developed and validated against a 7-d weighed food intake record (7d-WR) and biochemical indices of folate status. Thirty-six men and women completed the self-administered FFQ on two occasions a month apart, kept a 7d-WR and gave two fasting blood samples at the beginning and end of the study for measuring serum and erythrocyte folate, respectively. Mean folate intakes were similar by repeat FFQ and correlated strongly (r 0·77 and r 0·72, P<0·001, for men and women, respectively). All other comparisons were done using the results of the FFQ administered on the first occasion. Men reported similar folate intakes on the FFQ and 7d-WR, but women reported greater intakes on the FFQ compared with the 7d-WR (P<0·05). There was a statistically significant correlation (partial, controlling for gender) between folate intakes reported by FFQ and 7d-WR (r 0·53, P<0·01). Folate intakes estimated by FFQ correlated significantly with serum (r 0·47, P<0·01), but not erythrocyte folate (r 0·25, P>0·05); the strength of the association was greater in men than in women. Validity coefficients estimated using the method of triads were higher for the FFQ than for the 7d-WR when serum folate was used as the biomarker. Overall, these results suggest that this short FFQ is a useful method for assessing folate intake, particularly in men.
A human mosaic involving eye and hair color differences.

The subject, V. P., is a young woman, 21 years old, from Salinas, California. She shows a partial bilateral asymmetry of eye and hair color (Figs. 1-2). The color of the left iris is hazel with 3 brown spots while the right eye is light blue with 2 deep yellow spots. Most of the hair on the head is brown but there are two areas, one large one small, of very light blond (nearly white) hair on the right side. The large area which covers about 75 sq. cm. is toward the front while the small one, about 1 sq. cm. , is toward the back of the head. Apart from hair and eye color, the subject appears to show no mosaicism with respect to other characters. There is no difference between the color of the eyebrows and eyelashes; both are light brown. She reports that on exposure to sun her skin tans uniformly on both sides of her body. Cotterman (1958) has described blood mosaicism in two families with heterochromia iridis. However, V. P. showed no evidence for heterogeneity for any of the erythrocyte antigens. Dr. Philip Levine, who has kindly tested her blood, reports as follows: " The bbod of V. P., x-6142, who is the mosaic for both hair color and eye color, is in group O, Rh negative. Other antigens are as follows:
Viral Interference with B7-1 Costimulation: A New Role for Murine Cytomegalovirus Fc Receptor-11

Murine CMV (MCMV), a β-herpesvirus, infects dendritic cells (DC) and impairs their function. The underlying events are poorly described. In this study, we identify MCMV m138 as the viral gene responsible for promoting the rapid disappearance of the costimulatory molecule B7-1 (CD80) from the cell surface of DC. This was unexpected, as m138 was previously identified as fcr-1, a putative virus-encoded FcR. m138 impaired the ability of DC to activate CD8+ T cells. Biochemical analysis and immunocytochemistry showed that m138 targets B7-1 in the secretory pathway and reroutes it to lysosomal associated membrane glycoprotein-1+ compartments. These results show a novel function for m138 in MCMV infection and identify the first viral protein to target B7-1.
Connectional and neurochemical subdivisions of the pulvinar in Cebus monkeys

Based on cytoarchitectonic criteria, the primate pulvinar nucleus has been subdivided into medial (PM), lateral (PL), and inferior (PI) regions. However, these subdivisions show no correlation with those established by electrophysiological, immunocytochemical, or neuroanatomical tracer studies. In this work, we studied the connections of the pulvinar nucleus of Cebus monkey with visual areas V1, V2, V4, MT, and PO by means of retrograde fluorescent tracers injected into these areas. Based on the projection zones to cortical visual areas, the visual portion of the pulvinar of Cebus monkey was subdivided into three subregions: P1, P2, and P3, similar to those described in the macaque (Ungerleider et al., 1984). In Cebus, P1 includes the centrolateral portion of traditionally defined PI and adjacent portion of PL. P2 is located in the dorsal portion of PL and P3 includes the medial portion of PI and extends dorsally into adjacent PL and PM. In addition, we studied the histology of the pulvinar using multiple criteria, such as cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture; histochemistry for cytochrome oxidase, NADPH-diaphorase, and acetylcholinesterase; and immunocytochemistry for two calcium-binding proteins, calbindin and parvalbumin, and for a neurofilament recognized by the SMI-32 antibody. Some of these stains, mainly calbindin, showed additional subdivisions of the Cebus pulvinar, beyond the traditional PI, PL, and PM. Based on this immunohistochemical staining, the border of PI is moved dorsally above the brachium of the superior colliculus and PI can be subdivided in five regions (PIP, PIM, PIC, PIL, and PILS). Regions P1, P2, and P3 defined based on efferent connections with cortical visual areas are not architectonically/neurochemically homogeneous. Rather they appear to consist of further chemoarchitectonic subdivisions. These distinct histochemical regions might be related to different functional modules of visual processing within one connectional area.
Metabolism of Human PTH by the Kidney and the Liver

Immunoreactive PTH was measured by amino terminal and carboxyl terminal specific assays in the femoral artery, the right renal vein and the suprahepatic vein of ten hyperparathyroid patients. A marked arterio venous difference for amino terminal immunoreactivity was observed in the kidney and the liver. In contrast, the arterio venous difference for carboxyl terminal immunoreactivity was small in the kidney and not significantly in the liver. It is concluded that intact PTH and possibly amino terminal fragments of the hormone are metabolized by the kidney and the liver. Considering the fact that a carboxyl terminal specific antiserum is also capable of recognizing intact hormone, the finding of a small positive arterio venous difference for carboxyl terminal immunoreactivity does not permit us to exclude the possibility that the kidney and/or the liver are capable of generating carboxyl terminal fragments.
Twenty ways to lose your bladder: common natural mutants in zebrafish and widespread convergence of swim bladder loss among teleost fishes

Summary Convergence is an important evolutionary phenomenon often attributed solely to natural selection acting in similar environments. The frequency of mutation and number of ways a phenotypic trait can be generated genetically, however, may also affect the probability of convergence. Here we report both a high frequency of loss of gas bladder (swim bladder) mutations in zebrafish and widespread convergent loss of gas bladders among teleost fishes. The phenotypes of 22 of 27 recessive lethal mutations, carried by a sample of 26 wild‐caught zebrafish, involve loss or noninflation of the gas bladder. Nine of these bladderless mutations showed no other obvious phenotypic abnormalities other than the lack of an inflated gas bladder. At least 19 of the 22 bladderless mutations are genetically distinct, as shown by unique morphology or complementation. Although we were not able to obtain eggs for all 21 required crosses to demonstrate definitively that the remaining three mutations are different from all other bladderless mutations, all available evidence suggests that these mutants are also distinct. At least 79 of 425 families of extant teleosts include one or more species lacking a gas bladder as adults. Analysis of the trait's phylogenetic distribution shows that the gas bladder has been lost at least 30–32 times independently. Although adaptive explanations for gas bladder loss are convincing, a developmental bias toward bladderless phenotypes may also have contributed to the widespread convergence of this trait among teleosts. If gas bladder development in teleosts is as vulnerable to genetic perturbation as it is in zebrafish, then perhaps a supply of bladderless phenotypes has been readily available to natural selection under conditions for which it is advantageous not to have a gas bladder. In this way, developmental bias and selection can work together to produce widespread convergence.
FATTY ACID BINDING PROTEIN-1 (FABP-1) OF ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS- A PROMISING VACCINE CANDIDATE- AN IN SILICO ANALYSIS

Varun Chauhan1, Gurjeet Kaur2, Naveen2, Kapil Goyal2, Rakesh Sehgal2 1 Department of Virology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, Punjab (India)160012. 2 Sophisticated Analytical Instruments Laboratories, Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab (India)147004. 3 Department of Medical Parasitology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, Punjab (India)-160012.
Colloidal Quantum Dots Enabling Coherent Light Sources for Integrated Silicon-Nitride Photonics

Integrated photonic circuits, increasingly based on silicon (-nitride), are at the core of the next generation of low-cost, energy efficient optical devices ranging from on-chip interconnects to biosensors. One of the main bottlenecks in developing such components is that of implementing sufficient functionalities on the often passive backbone, such as light emission and amplification. A possible route is that of hybridization where a new material is combined with the existing framework to provide a desired functionality. Here, we present a detailed design flow for the hybridization of silicon nitride-based integrated photonic circuits with so-called colloidal quantum dots (QDs). QDs are nanometer sized pieces of semiconductor crystals obtained in a colloidal dispersion which are able to absorb, emit, and amplify light in a wide spectral region. Moreover, they combine cost-effective solution based deposition methods, ambient stability, and low fabrication cost. Starting from the linear and nonlinear material properties obtained on the starting colloidal dispersions, we can predict and evaluate thin film and device performance, which we demonstrate through characterization of the first on-chip QD-based laser.
Cooperative multicast non-orthogonal multiple access in cognitive radio

This paper studies the application of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) to a cooperative multicast system (termed CM-NOMA). In particular, the multicast subscribers are served as secondary users underlaying a primary user. To enhance the secondary user fairness and compensate for the primary user, a two-stage cooperative strategy is proposed by selecting a certain secondary user to perform NOMA transmission distributedly. The maximum ratio combining (MRC) is further employed to harvest spatial diversity. We explicitly formulate the primary outage probability and secondary ergodic throughput in closed form. Moreover, we derive the asymptotic expressions and accordingly investigate the power allocation optimization with a primary outage constraint to maximize the secondary throughput. Numerical results validate that the proposed scheme achieves superior secondary user fairness and primary outage performance as well as higher energy efficiency.
NMR Spectral Analysis and Hydrolysis Studies of Rebaudioside N, a Minor Steviol Glycoside of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni

The complete proton and carbon NMR spectral assignments of a diterpene glycoside isolated from the commercial extract of the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, 13-[(2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy] entkaur-16-en-19-oic acid-[(2-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl) ester] (1); also known as rebaudioside N, was achieved by the extensive 1D and 2D NMR (1H and 13C, COSY, HMQC, HMBC) as well as mass spectral data. Further, hydrolysis studies were performed on rebaudioside N using acid and enzymatic studies to identify aglycone and sugar residues in its structure.
User association for massive MIMO cellular networks with small cell wireless backhaul

In this paper, we consider the heterogeneous network, where a macro base station equipped with massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antennas provides the wireless backhaul for small cell base stations (SBSs). In this scenario, because the capacity of the small cell is limited by the wireless link with the macro base station, the unbalanced user distribution among base stations might significantly degrade the performance of networks. We address this problem by jointly considering the user association problem and bandwidth allocation for wireless backhaul small cell. Since the problem is non-convex due to the coupling constraint at the small cells, we propose the effective algorithm to solve the problem. The simulation results verify the convergence and highlight the effectiveness of our algorithm.
TCAD for gate stack optimization in pGaN Gate HEMT devices

pGaN Gate HEMTs are promising normally-OFF transistors for which the use of magnesium (Mg) doping allows the modulation of the threshold voltage (Vth) but at the cost of an ON-state resistance (Ron) degradation. In this study, we propose rigorous TCAD simulations that describe the Mg doping impact on both electrical parameters (Vth and Ron) in agreement with experimental data. We emphasize the importance of TCAD as an additional tool to optimize this Vth-Ron process-window