Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Task Migration Algorithm to Reduce Temperature Imbalance Amongst Cores in Linux Based Multi-Core Processor Systems

Multi-core architectures have recently emerged as the main design paradigm for current and future processors, however, the addition of multiple cores on the same chip and simultaneous execution of processes on these cores increases the temperature imbalance amongst cores and result in an increase in chip temperature, which in turn reduces the reliability of the processor. In this research project, the problem of temperature imbalance amongst cores in multi-core processor systems is addressed at the operating system level via task migration. The proposed task migration algorithm finds out the thermal contribution of individual task and performs the task migration based on this thermal contribution, in order to maintain temperature balance amongst cores. The proposed task migration algorithm is implemented in Linux operating system by modifying the source code written in C language. Different categories of processes (e.g. CPU bound, IO bound etc.) are executed from Phoronix Test Suite and Sysbench Benchmarks to test the performance of the proposed algorithm. Experimental results for the existing task migration algorithm of Linux and the proposed task migration algorithm show that the proposed algorithm reduces the temperature imbalance amongst cores as compared to existing algorithm, without degrading the performance.
An Application of Rubi: Series Expansion of the Quark Mass Renormalization Group Equation

We highlight how Rule-based Integration (Rubi) is an enhanced method of symbolic integration which allows for the integration of many difficult integrals not accomplished by other computer algebra systems. Using Rubi, many integration techniques become tractable. Integrals are approached using step-wise simplification, hence distilling an integral (if the solution is unknown) into composite integrals which highlight yet undiscovered integration rules. The motivating example we use is the derivation of the updated series expansion of the quark mass renormalization group equation (RGE) to five-loop order. This series provides the relation between a light quark mass in the modified minimal subtraction ($\overline{\text{MS}}$) scheme defined at some given scale, e.g. at the tau-lepton mass scale, and another chosen energy scale, $s$. This relation explicitly depicts the renormalization scheme dependence of the running quark mass on the scale parameter, $s$, and is important in accurately determining a light quark mass at a chosen scale. The five-loop QCD $\beta(a_s)$ and $\gamma(a_s)$ functions are used in this determination.
A Novel Hybrid Step-Down DC-DC Converter

A novel hybrid Buck-L converter with one active switch and three diodes is presented in this paper. Compared to other topologies, the proposed converter is shown to be better suited in applications where a small difference between input and output voltage is required. It is shown that the proposed converter exhibits excellent efficiency over a wide range of the duty cycle. A DC analysis is performed and the static characteristics are derived, then device stresses are evaluated and compared to other buck topologies showing the superiority of the proposed solution. Then design equations are provided, and finally the converter is simulated and experimentally tested. The experimental results accurately confirmed the theoretical considerations and validated the feasibility of the proposed hybrid Buck topology.
ReaderBench: Building Comprehensive Sociograms of Online Communities

The usage of discussion forums and blogs has dramatically increased during the last years. Having a wide applicability, ranging from fun to learning purposes, the modeling of participants' interactions in online communities became an appealing research area. However, there are multiple factors that need to be taken into consideration when analyzing online communities, including participants' socialcognitive profiles, as well as underlying interaction patterns. The focus of this research is to introduce an integrated approach based on our ReaderBench framework together with novel comprehensive sociograms in order to analyze the interactions between participants. In addition, we perform an automated identification of underlying social-cognitive structures by applying a hierarchical clustering algorithm based on Cohesion Network Analysis (CNA) participation indices. In addition, the Actor Model from the AKKA framework was used for the parallel processing of discussions threads. In order to argue for the adequacy of the introduced mechanisms, we selected two complementary communities and we provide extensive visualizations, together with key remarks derived from the observed interaction patterns.
FAGA: Feedback-Aided Greedy Algorithm for Periodic Messages in LTE V2V Communications

Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication based on the device-to-device (D2D) communication in long term evolution (LTE) system is emerging as a key enabler for connected vehicles today. In this paper, we consider safety-related messages periodically transmitted by vehicle to announce its current status to other neighboring vehicles. The current state-of-the-art LTE V2V communication uses greedy algorithm for the transmission of such periodic messages. Greedy algorithm is known to have decent performance, but the performance is limited due to the lack of a collision–detection mechanism. In this paper, we propose feedback-aided greedy algorithm (FAGA) to complement the drawback of greedy algorithm. We evaluate FAGA via realistic simulations to show that it outperforms comparison schemes in terms of overall message reception ratio (MRR). As a result, it is shown that FAGA operates well even with small amount of feedback and its performance is close to the performance of centralized scheduling method. Moreover, FAGA outperforms greedy algorithm by up to 23.7% in terms of MRR performance.
Improvement in Requirement Specifications Using Petri Nets

Requirements Engineering was in the forefront for a period of 25 years from 1970. Requirements specification development is a field in which several contributions have been made over the years. It is difficult to analyze all the techniques, to classify them, to determine and compare their advantages and disadvantages. The paper chooses to look at three selected techniques - one each of informal, formatted (structured informal) and formal types - of those that have been presented over the years. The paper looks at one of the first techniques given way back in 1970s for a formatted one and has chosen the Transnet approach as formal method for expressing an ATM system requirements specification. The formal type of requirement specifications is also applied to another example, Library system, wherein inconsistency and incompleteness in the drawn Petri net is determined and corrected. The paper thus demonstrates the usage of Petri nets for developing complete, unambiguous, correct, and consistent requirement specification.
How Maintainability Issues of Android Apps Evolve

Context. Android is the largest mobile platform today, with thousands of apps published and updated in the Google Play store everyday. Maintenance is an important factor in Android apps lifecycle, as it allows developers to constantly improve their apps and better tailor them to their user base. Goal. In this paper we investigate the evolution of various maintainability issues along the lifetime of Android apps. Method. We designed and conducted an empirical study on 434 GitHub repositories containing open, real (i.e., published in the Google Play store), and actively maintained Android apps. We statically analyzed 9,945 weekly snapshots of all apps for identifying their maintainability issues over time. We also identified maintainability hotspots along the lifetime of Android apps according to how their density of maintainability issues evolves over time. More than 2,000 GitHub commits belonging to identified hotspots have been manually categorized to understand the context in which maintainability hotspots occur. Results. Our results shed light on (i) how often various types of maintainability issues occur over the lifetime of Android apps, (ii) the evolution trends of the density of maintainability issues in Android apps, and (iii) an in-depth characterization of development activities related to maintainability hotspots. Together, these results can help Android developers in (i) better planning code refactoring sessions, (ii) better planning their code review sessions (e.g., steering the assignment of code reviews), and (iii) taking special care of their code quality when performing tasks belonging to activities highly correlated with maintainability issues. We also support researchers by objectively characterizing the state of the practice about maintainability of Android apps. Conclusions. Independently from the type of development activity, maintainability issues grow until they stabilize, but are never fully resolved.
Distance Based On Neighborhood Classifier and Attribute Reduction

In the neighborhood rough set model, with the increasing of the size of information granules, the neighborhood classifier based on the majority voting rule is easy to misjudge the classes of testing samples. To remedy this deficiency, a strategy of attribute reduction based on the idea of the minimum mean distance is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a neighborhood relation is presented by a distance function. Secondly, neighborhood mean distance classifier judges the class of testing sample with the minimum mean distance instead of the majority voting rule in the decision system. Finally, the experimental results on 8 UCI data sets tell us that the reduct obtained by our strategy can not only decrease the conditional entropy, but also provide better classification performances in larger scale information granules.
Performance Analysis of TDOA-based Indoor Positioning Systems using Visible LED Lights

Recently, the demand for scalable, efficient and accurate Indoor Positioning Systems (IPS) has seen a rising trend due to their utility in providing Location Based Services (LBS). Visible Light Communication (VLC) based IPS designs, VLC-IPS, leverage Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) in indoor environments for localization. Among VLC-based designs, Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) based techniques are shown to provide very low errors in the relative position of receivers. Our considered system consists of five LEDs that act as transmitters and a single receiver (photodiode or image sensor in smart phone) whose position coordinates in an indoor environment are to be determined. As a performance criterion, Cramer Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) is derived for range estimations and the impact of various factors, such as, LED transmission frequency, position of reference LED light, and the number of LED lights, on localization accuracy has been studied. Simulation results show that depending on the optimal values of these factors, location estimation on the order of few centimeters can be realistically achieved.
IoT (Internet of Things) Based Infant Body Temperature Monitoring

Body temperature of the baby is an important element that will inform the actual health condition of a baby. Parents and caregiver occasionally do not aware of drastic increase in body temperature in a short period of time and febrile seizure may happen that could leads to epilepsy. In Malaysia, device that could monitor the infant body's temperature is already available. However, the device could not continuously be used for a long hours and create discomfort to the babies due to its size of devices. Therefore, a small, lightweight device that continuously monitors the body temperature and comfortably used by baby is developed. It directly helps parents by alerting them whenever the baby's body temperature increased higher than normal a degree. This system monitors the vital parameter which is the body temperature by using a wearable sensor. The information then transferred to their parents through a wireless network. The system is extended for interfacing with the mobile phones to enable remote monitoring. Architecture of the system consists of a wearable sensor for monitoring the vital parameter and a sound buzzer where all of the component be controlled by a single microcontroller, the ESPresso Lite V2.0 based on ESP8266 and supplied by the lithium ion polymer battery. Even though the system is more focusing on temperature monitoring only, it can be further expanded or upgrade to monitor other vital parameter such as heart rate, oxygen saturation, respiration rate or any other parameter.
A Low-Profile Base-Station Antenna

In this paper, a low-profile, high-isolation, dual-polarized antenna using metasurface is proposed for use in the base stations of mobile communications. The antenna consists of two linear-polarized dipoles, which are arranged for horizontal and vertical polarizations. The dipole radiators are fed by two orthogonal printed baluns for the high isolation between the two ports. The metasurface, which is a square patch array periodically printed on a thin low-cost substrate, is inserted between the orthogonal dipoles and the reflector to achieve a low-profile and a bandwidth enhancement. The final prototype with an overall size of 160 mm × 160 mm × 15.2 mm (0.96λo × 0.96λo × 0.09λo at 1.8 GHz) yields a voltage standing wave ratio < 2 bandwidth of > 29% for the two ports and an isolation of > 30 dB. In addition, at both ports, the antenna achieves a gain of > 8.5 dBi and a radiation efficiency of > 83% across the operational bandwidth.
Design of Modified Hexagonal UWB Slot Antenna with Dual Band Notched Characteristics

Printed modified hexagonal slot ultra-wideband micro strip-fed antenna with dual band rejection characteristics is presented. The antenna comprises U-shape radiating patch on one side of substrate and ground plane with modified hexagonal slot on other side of substrate with compact size of 28×28 mm2. By inserting symmetrical L-form parasitic ends at the upper edge at the modified hexagonal slot and C-shape parasitic stubs at the both arms of the patch to obtain the desired stop band characteristics for WiMAX and WLAN respectively. The designed antenna is operate in between 3.02~ 15GHz with a dual stop band from 3.15~4.06GHz (for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) and 5.13~6.2GHz (for Wireless Local Area Network). To mitigate the possible interference in between UWB and these narrow bands (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access and Wireless Local Area Networkbands) will help. The designed antenna is made-up on a FR-4 glass epoxy substrate having dielectric constant of 4.4. Parametric studies have been conducted by changing length L2 (symmetrical L-shape stubs) and L3(C-shape stubs) and it is directedwith the help of FEKO-EM simulation software. Performance of this antenna studied in terms of VSWR, efficiency, radiation pattern, time domain analysis. Forthe total ultra-wideband excluding for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access and Wireless Local Area Network frequency, Proposed antenna shows efficiency more than 75%.
VMOR: Microarchitectural Support for Operand Access in an Interpreter

Dynamic scripting languages become very popular for high productivity. However, many of these languages have significant runtime overheads because they employ interpreter-based virtual machines. One of the major overheads for the interpreter is derived from operand accesses, which significantly increase memory accesses. We propose VMOR, microarchitectural support for the operand accesses in the interpreter. VMOR remaps operand values into floating-point physical registers, which are rarely used in the interpreter, and thus, VMOR effectively reduces the memory accesses.
A Mutual Authentication Method For Local MAC Address Allocation

Virtualization and scale expansion in cloud data center result in sharp MAC address consumption, which also expose some weaknesses in MAC address. Therefore IEEE standards organization proposed the concept of Local MAC address. However, among the automatic local address allocation protocols, security issues are not considered. To prevent the security vulnerabilities, we propose a mutual authentication method for local MAC address allocation in this paper. With the help of a trust third-party, the local address provider and client authenticate each other and establish a secure channel. Through the security analysis, it can meet confidentiality, integrity and validity of the message. In addition, we simulate the authentication process on the centralized address allocation protocol using OPENT and OpenSSL. The result shows that our scheme is feasible in different scales of network.
Protocol of in vitro Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider) Callus Induction.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Presently, determination of optimum protocol for callus induction of any plant is an important issue in tissue culture technology. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to find out an optimum protocol for callus induction from in vitro cultured jojoba by determining the optimum explant and the best growth regulators mixture for callus induction. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study used three variant explants namely the leaf disks, seeds and nodal segments for callus formation. Different culture media containing basic Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium components supplemented with various concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid as an auxin (2,4-D) and Kinetin (Kin) as a cytokinin with various concentrations ranging from 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg L-1 were used. The total number of treatments were 16. The callus was induced from all explants on MS medium containing the lowest concentration of 2,4-D 0.5 mg L-1 with any concentration of Kin. RESULTS The results showed that nodal segments were the best for callus formation followed by the leaf disks (leaves) and seeds, respectively. While, the best concentration of proliferation and development of the used explant was 2.00 followed in descending order by 1.00, 0.5 and 0.0 mg L-1, respectively. CONCLUSION The study find out that the best concentration of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid as an auxin (2,4-D) and Kinetin (Kin) as a cytokinin was 2.00 followed in descending order by 1.00, 0.5 and 0.0 mg L-1, respectively for callus induction.
Radial head resection versus prosthetic arthroplasty in terrible triad injury: a retrospective comparative cohort study

Aims The crucial role of the radial head in the stability of the elbow in terrible triad injury is acknowledged. This retrospective study aims to compare the results of resection of a severely comminuted radial head with or without prosthetic arthroplasty as part of the reconstruction for this injury. Patients and Methods The outcome of radial head resection was compared with prosthetic arthroplasty in 29 and 15 patients with terrible triad injuries, respectively. There were ten female patients (34.5%) in the resection group and six female patients (40%) in the prosthesis group. The mean age was 40.7 years (sd 13.6) in the resection group and 36 years (sd 9.4) in the prosthesis group. The mean follow‐up of the patients was 24.4 months (sd 12) in the resection group and 45.8 months (sd 6.8) in the prosthesis group. Outcome measures included visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Score, and range of movement. Postoperative radiological complications were also recorded. Results The mean ranges of extension, flexion, supination, and pronation were not significantly different between the two study groups (p = 0.75, p = 0.65, p = 0.82, and p = 0.68, respectively). The mean VAS score, DASH score, and MEPS of the two groups were also not statistically significantly different (p = 0.93, p = 0.19, and p = 0.32, respectively). At the final visit, the elbow was stable in all patients. No patient was found to have developed an Essex‐Lopresti injury. Osteoarthritis grade I and II was observed in five and three patients of the resection group, respectively, and four and one patients of the arthroplasty group, respectively. Conclusion The outcome of patients undergoing treatment for terrible triad injuries is similar whether the patient's radial head was excised or replaced. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100‐B:1499‐505.
A Customer's Attitude to a Robotic Salesperson Depends on Their Initial Interaction

In recent years, robotic salespersons have been rapidly deployed in various shops especially in Japan. However, it is still unclear what kind of action is effective for sales, and robotic salespersons are often ignored by customers. In this paper, we analyzed the multimodal conversations between a robotic salesperson and visitors by conducting a field experiment. We aim to investigate the actions of the robot that lead to interactive conversations. The results of the experiment showed that in order to conduct an interactive conversation, it is necessary to a give short speech that is easy to answer. The most important finding obtained from this research is that the impression of a robot is strongly influenced by the beginning of the interaction. When a robot gives a short speech that is easy to answer at the beginning of the interaction, an interactive conversation can start because the customers treat the robot similar to a salesperson which is capable of humanlike interaction.
An Experience Report of the API Evolution and Maintenance for Software Platforms

Development and maintenance of software plat-form APIs are challenging because new APIs are constantly added in new software platforms. Furthermore, software plat-form API development requires a lot of stakeholders to work together on tight release schedules. Application developers use platform's APIs to create their applications and therefore providing a well-defined and comprehensive set of platform APIs may be the most basic requirement for software platforms. To provide such APIs, API usability should be secured and API backward compatibility should be guaranteed in subsequent platform re-leases. In these circumstances, sharing lessons learned from multiple years of experience of platform API development, mainte-nance, and releases using an integrated API development process can benefit API researchers and practitioners who have similar needs to create or adopt API development process for their projects. In this paper we share an API development and mainte-nance process for multi-device Tizen software platform, which we call the Tizen API Change Request (ACR) process. The process has been used among various Tizen API stakeholders for several years of Tizen platform and SDK releases to keep API usability and compatibility high. We believe the process can be further applied to various software platforms and projects to systematically develop and maintain their APIs.