Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HMM tagger for Swedish

I will start this paper with a general introduction to HMMs and the decoding challenge. Due to atrophy of my programming muscles I have chosen to use TnT tagger (Brants 2000) on the Stockholm-Ume̊a Corpus (SUC) data. I will use rest of the paper to describe TnT’s tagging method and results, its smoothing technique, and I will conclude with a short evaluation of its results. While working on this assignment, I was using Manning and Shütze’s Foundations of Statistical NLP, and Jurafsky and Martin’s textbook on Speech and Language Processing (Jurafsky and Martin 2008; Manning and Schütze 1999).
Multi-port Pattern diversity antenna for K and Ka-band application

A compact coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed reconfigurable antenna with pattern diversity using multi-port excitation is designed. The basic antenna consists of a circular patch of radius 2.5mm which is fed by four ports independently. By exciting the patch with each individual port, the direction of the radiation pattern changes by 900. With the use of CPW feed technique, a very wide impedance bandwidth of around 12GHz (21.65 – 33.87 GHz) covering the K-band and Ka-band is achieved. The proposed antenna can be used for different satellite communication applications like earth exploration, radio navigation and location, mobile satellite communications which comes under K-band and Ka-band. The measured return loss and pattern characteristic results are in good agreement with simulated ones.
Composición factorial del inventario de depresión de Beck en ancianos mexicanos

La depresion es considerada uno de los principales problemas de salud mental que afectan a la poblacion mayor de 65 anos. Asimismo, ocasiona un fuerte impacto psicologico en la vide de las personas, su familia y su entorno. Sin embargo su evaluacion en el consultorio es confusa, ya que los trastornos somaticos producidos por el usod e farmacos en la poblacion anciana pueden apuntar a un diagnostico erratico; asi como el estigma social existente en asociar a la vejez con depresion. De ahi el proposito del estudio sea examinar la composicion factorial el Inventario de Depresion de Beck (BDI) en una muestra de 203 ancianos mexicanos. Los resultados del analisis factorial exploratorio indican la composicion factorial del BDI con seis factores: trastornos cognitivos, deterioro en el rendimiento, deficits afectivos, actitudes negativas y dos factores de trastornos somaticos. Se realizaron tres analisis factoriales mas para eliminar factores y reactivos con cargas factoriales menores a 0.40. Resultando una matriz factorial forzada a tres factores con 18 items. Factor 1, trastornos cognitivos (8 reactivos), Factor 2, deterioro en el rendimiento (5 reactivos) y Factor 3, deficits afectivos (5 reactivos). Con varianza explicada de 48.79% y valores alpha de Cronbach de 0.822, 0.710 y 0.655, para cada factor. Se recomienda eliminar los items perdidade la libido y perdida de peso, ya que corresponden a trastornos somaticos; y el reactivo auto-imagen negativa por considerarse asociado a una percepcion negativa de la vejez. Se concluye que los factores relevantes en la evaluacion de la depresion en ancianos mexicanos son los trastornos cognitivos, comportamentales y afectivos.
The Kinematics Research and Control of Quadruped Robot Based on Scilab

Foot type robot is a popular research field and quadruped robot has vast application. This paper proposes and sets up a new kind of structure for quadruped robot based on Scilab after studying the quadruped animal’s leg structure. Then establishes reference frames by using D-H method and solves the positive and negative kinematic problems of the quadruped robot. Finally, using the open software Scilab which has been used in the study of mobile robot for the first time to simulate and analyze the kinematics characteristics of the robot.
A Synthesis of Rapid Land-Cover Change Information for the 1981-2000 Period.

1 Department of Geography, University of Louvain, 3 place Pasteur, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium 2 The H. John Heinz III Center for Science, Economics, and the Environment, 1001 Pennsylvania Ave., NW Suite 735 South, Washington, DC 20004, USA 3 Department of Geography and Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA 4 Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Joint Research Centre, TP 440, 21020 Ispra, Italy 5 Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE), Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726, U.S.A. 6 CSIR Division of Water, Environment and Forest Technology, PO Box 395 Pretoria 0001, South Africa
A Pre-Processing Interface for Steering Exascale Simulations by Intermediate Result Analysis through In-Situ Post-Processing

Today’s simulations are typically not a single application but cover an entire tool chain. There is a tool for initial data creation, for partitioning this data, for actual solving, for afterwards analysis, for visualisation. Each of these tools is separated and so is the data ow. This approach gets unfeasible for an exascale environment. The penalty for every data movement is extreme. A load balance optimised for the solver most likely does not hold true for the complete run time. Compared to tweaking each part, our solution is more disruptive: Merge the tools used and thereby improve overall simulation performance. In this paper, we provide a rst step. We combine pre-processing, simulation core and postprocessing. We outline our idea of a general pre-processing interface steering the overall simulation and demonstrate its applicability with the sparse geometry lattice-Boltzmann code HemeLB, intended for hemodynamic simulations. The tasks of the pre-processing tool developed start with partitioning and distributing simulation data. Main aspect is to balance computation and communication costs of the entire simulation by using the costs of each simulation part. Measurement of these costs for each simulation cycle makes possible further performance improvement: Data can be redistributed in between cycles in order to achieve a better load balance according to these costs. Additionally, the pre-processing interface developed oers
Theoretical implications of Active Noise Control for turbofan engines

The objective of this stud)' is to develop the analytical tools that will allow the assessment of the feasibility of using Active Noise Control (ANC) in aircraft engine ducts to suppress radiated tones. It is assumed that the active noise control system will operate using the "noise cancellation'' principle, such that control sound source transducers will inject sound into the duct that directly interferes with the sound generated by the turbomachinery sources. The approach will be to develop the theory needed bused on duct modal analysis. In addition, it is hoped that an analytical approach f o r assessing the feasibility of aircraft engine ANC systems may also provide some guidance for the design optimization of such systems. Analyses are developed for the circumferential and radial mode coupling of wall-mounted sources to a cylindrical duct. A sample case is included that examines energy requirements for ANC source generation.
Human α7 Integrin Gene (ITGA7) Delivered by Adeno-Associated Virus Extends Survival of Severely Affected Dystrophin/Utrophin-Deficient Mice.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by mutations in the DMD gene. It is the most common, severe childhood form of muscular dystrophy. We investigated an alternative to dystrophin replacement by overexpressing ITGA7 using adeno-associated virus (AAV) delivery. ITGA7 is a laminin receptor in skeletal muscle that, like the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex, links the extracellular matrix to the internal actin cytoskeleton. ITGA7 is expressed in DMD patients and overexpression does not elicit an immune response to the transgene. We delivered rAAVrh.74. MCK.ITGA7 systemically at 5-7 days of age to the mdx/utrn(-/-) mouse deficient for dystrophin and utrophin, a severe mouse model of DMD. At 8 weeks postinjection, widespread expression of ITGA7 was observed at the sarcolemma of multiple muscle groups following gene transfer. The increased expression of ITGA7 significantly extended longevity and reduced common features of the mdx/utrn(-/-) mouse, including kyphosis. Overexpression of α7 expression protected against loss of force following contraction-induced damage and increased specific force in the diaphragm and EDL muscles 8 weeks after gene transfer. Taken together, these results further support the use of α7 integrin as a potential therapy for DMD.
Fending Off One Means Fending Off All: Evolutionary Stability in Submodular Games

The implications of evolutionarily stable behavior in finite populations have recently been explored for a variety of aggregative games. This note proves an intimate relationship between submodularity and global evolutionary stability of strategies for these games, which -apart from being of independent interest- accounts for a number of results obtained in the recent literature: we show, that any evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) of a submodular aggregative game must also be globally stable. I.e. if one mutant cannot successfully invade a population, any number of mutants can even less do so.
Three-dimensional subgridding algorithm for FDTD

In many computational problems solved using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique, there is a need to model selected volumes with higher resolution than the whole computational space. An efficient algorithm has been developed for this purpose that provides the mesh refinement by the factor of two in each direction. The algorithm can be used in two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) problems and provides for subgridding in both space and time. Performance of the 3-D algorithm was tested in waveguides and resonators. A high accuracy and efficiency were observed in all test cases with insignificant (of an order of -60 dB) reflections from mesh interfaces. Practical applications of the algorithm in the analyses of a resonator with a dielectric rod and of a cellular phone behavior in the vicinity of the operator head are also reported.
A Recording and Processing System for Accounting and Traffic Analysis on a Large PABX

A new facility for recording and subsequent computer processing of telephone calls has been developed at the Technical University of Norway. The equipment is intended for connection to a PABX of conventional electromechanical design. It is fully electronic and is based on cyclic scanning of up to 128 trunk-line circuits. The recording medium is digital magnetic tape and data are collected, arranged, and temporarily stored in a core buffer store before being transferred to tape. The central control unit of the equipment is based on wired logic with integrated circuits. Extension numbers are automatically identified by means of a Dimond ring encoder. The primary objective of the facility is the accounting of outgoing calls. However, it has proved to be very well suited for traffic data recording and analysis. The paper contains a description of the recording equipment and discusses further the applications for accounting and traffic analysis, of which a few examples are presented. A comprehensive treatment with emphasis on statistical presentation will be prepared for separate publication later.
The C. elegans TIA‐1/TIAR homolog TIAR‐1 is required to induce germ cell apoptosis

In Caenorhabditis elegans, physiological germ cell apoptosis eliminates more than half of the cells in the hermaphrodite gonad to support gamete quality and germline homeostasis by a still unidentified mechanism. External factors can also affect germ cell apoptosis. The BH3‐only protein EGL‐1 induces germ cell apoptosis when animals are exposed to pathogens or agents that produce DNA damage. DNA damage‐induced apoptosis also requires the nematode p53 homolog CEP‐1. Previously, we found that heat shock, oxidative, and osmotic stresses induce germ cell apoptosis through an EGL‐1 and CEP‐1 independent mechanism that requires the MAPKK pathway. However, we observed that starvation increases germ cell apoptosis by an unknown pathway. Searching for proteins that participate in stress‐induced apoptosis, we found the RNA‐binding protein TIAR‐1 (a homolog of the mammalian TIA‐1/TIAR family of proteins). Here, we show that TIAR‐1 in C. elegans is required to induce apoptosis in the germline under several conditions. We also show that TIAR‐1 acts downstream of CED‐9 (a BCL2 homolog) to induce apoptosis under stress conditions, and apparently does not seem to regulate ced‐4 or ced‐3 mRNAs accumulation directly. TIAR‐1 is expressed ubiquitously in the cytoplasm of the soma as well as the germline, where it sometimes associates with P granules. We show that animals lacking TIAR‐1 expression are temperature sensitive sterile due to oogenesis and spermatogenesis defects. Our work shows that TIAR‐1 is required for proper germline function and demonstrates that this protein is important to induce germ cell apoptosis under several conditions. genesis 51:690–707. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interactive Foreground Extraction using graph cut

Note, this is an extended version of chapter 7 from the book:Markov Random Fields for Vision and Image Processing, MIT Press [6]. In this Technical Report, references to other chapters are with respect to the book.The differences are, a new section 4.3 and extra details in section 3.2 and 3.3The topic of interactive image segmentation has received considerable attention inthe computer vision community in the last decade. Today, this topic is very mature andcommercial products exist which feature advanced research solutions. This means thatinteractive image segmentation is today probablyone of the most used computer visiontechnologies world-wide. In this chapter we review one class of interactive segmen-tation techniques, which use discrete optimization and a regional selection interface.We begin the chapter by explaining the seminal work of Boykov and Jolly [9]. Afterthat the GrabCuttechnique [36] is introduced, which improves on [9]. GrabCutis theunderlying algorithm for the Background Removal tool in the Microsoft Ofﬁce 2010product. In the third part of the chapter many interesting features and details are ex-plained which are part of the product. In this process several recent research articlesare reviewed. Finally, the BackgroundRemoval tool, as well as [9, 36], are evaluatedindifferent ways on publicly available databases. This includes static and dynamic userinputs.
Improvements of the Linux SCTP API

This master thesis outlines the changes that need to be made to get the current Linux implementation of the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) up to date with recently released "Sockets Application Programming Interface Extensions for the Stream Control Transmission Protocol" (RFC 6458). The thesis contains a thorough review of the discovered changes, and describes the work done in this thesis with regards to implementing some of the new features. SCTP is a transport layer communication protocol that serves a similar role to popular protocols like the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), but SCTP has unique features like multistreaming, multihoming and better validation and acknowledgement mechanisms that further enforce security.
Memory hierarchy layer assignment for data re-use exploitation in multimedia algorithms realized on predefined processor architectures

A systematic approach for the assignment of array type data structures to the layers of fixed memory hierarchies present in instruction set processors is presented. Memory Hierarchy Layer Assignment (MHLA) is required to ensure the efficient exploitation of the data re-use present in multimedia type algorithms. Exploitation of data re-use through storage of the most frequently accessed and re-used data elements in the smaller levels of a processor's physical memory hierarchy leads to significant execution time and power consumption savings. The proposed methodology for Memory Hierarchy Layer Assignment takes into consideration architectural features of the target processors such as the fixed physical data memory hierarchy and the hardware control mechanisms of some of the levels (caches) of the memory hierarchy. Experimental results prove that exploitation of data re-use combined with the proposed approach for Memory Hierarchy Layer Assignment leads to significant power consumption and performance gains.
Ameliorative Role of Melissa officinalisagainst Hepatorenal Toxicities of Organophosphorus Malathion in Male Rats

It has been con? rmed that organophosphorus compounds OP altered glucose homeostasis. Considerable experimental and clinical evidences have contributed the bene? cial effects of antioxidant compounds in plant extract on hepatorenal toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether Melissa officinalis extract, was able to ameliorative hepatorenal injury induced by organophosphorus Malathion. Malathion at 27mg/kg bw was administered to rats alone or in combination with Melissa officinalis extract at 200mg/kg bw. Malathion decreases feed intake and body weight as well as liver and kidneys weight. Moreover, Malathion increases the levels of various serum marker enzymes AST, ALT and ALP. A significant increase in the level of serum urea, uric acid and creatinine in response to ML treatment. As well as ML induced increase in MDA in liver and kidneys while induced decreases in the activities of SOD, GPx and CAT. Co-administration of malathion with Melissa officinalis extract resulted in restoration of all tested parameter. These results may be due to the signi? cant increase recorded in acetylcholine esterase (Ach E) activity in-vivo after co administration of malathion and Melissa officinalis extract. In histological study of liver and kidney, Malathion induced damage in liver and kidneys. However, MO administration to ML-treated animals resulted in overall improvement in liver and kidneys damage, emphasizing its antioxidant role. In light of the available data, it can deduce that ML-induced lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, liver and kidneys damage rats, and conjoint supplementation of MO has resulted in pronounced ameliorating effect in all tested parameter and histological picture of liver and kidney.
Evaluación in vitro de la actividad antifúngica de cuatro extractos vegetales metanólicos para el control de tres especies de Fusarium spp

El objetivo de la investigacion fue evaluar la actividad antifungica in vitro de los extractos de pirul ( Shinus molle ), chirimoya ( Annona cherimola ), canela ( Cinnamomum zeylanicum ) y tabaquillo ( Nicotiana glauca ) sobre el crecimiento micelial y esporulacion de Fusarium oxysporum , Fusarium culmorum y Fusarium solani . El trabajo de investigacion se realizo en la Universidad Autonoma de Aguas - calientes (UAA), y en la Universidad Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro (UAAAN). Las cepas de Fusarium fueron previamente iden - tificadas en el Laboratorio de Parasitologia de la UAA. Los extractos fueron obtenidos en el Laboratorio de Toxicologia de la UAAAN. Para determinar la inhibicion del crecimiento micelial, dosis efectiva media (ED 50 ) y numero de conidios, se utilizo la metodologia de medio envenenado, donde se evaluaron diversas concentraciones de los extractos. Los resultados mostraron que los extractos de chiri - moya y canela presentaron efecto inhibitorio sobre el crecimiento micelial y esporulacion. En contraste, los extractos de tabaquillo y pirul no mostraron efecto inhibitorio sobre el crecimiento micelial. Sin embargo, el primero de ellos incremento la produccion de co - nidios al incrementarse la concentracion del extracto. En relacion a la ED 50 el extracto de canela controlo las tres especies en estudio a dosis de 330,34 a 538,63 ppm. Por otro lado, el extracto de chirimoya presento el mejor control a 593 ppm contra F. culmorum , mientras que para F. oxysporum y F. solani se requirieron dosis de 2060 a 2571 ppm, respectivamente. Los extractos de canela y chirimoya presen - taron efecto en la inhibicion micelial y esporulacion de F. oxysporum , F. culmorum y F. solani
Subcellular localisation of cyclin D1 protein in colorectal tumours is associated with p21WAF1/CIP1 expression and correlates with patient survival

We investigated the expression of the cell cycle regulatory proteins cyclin D1 and p21WAF1/CIP1 (p21) in human colorectal carcinomas using immunohistochemistry. Cyclin D1 was not detected in normal colonic epithelium; however, expression was observed in 74/126 (58.7%) of the tumour samples studied. Protein was detected in the nucleus in 22/126 (17.4%) and exclusively in the cytoplasm in 52/126 (41.3%) tumours. Nuclear expression of cyclin D1 was associated with poorly differentiated tumours (p = 0.035) and was more common in right‐ than in left‐sided tumours (p = 0.005). Tumours displaying either, expression of cytoplasmic, (p = 0.05, HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.31–1.0) or nuclear (p = 0.021, HR 0.24, 95% CI 0.07–0.81) cyclin D1 were associated with improved patient survival compared with tumours negative for cyclin D1. p21 protein was strongly expressed mainly in the upper crypts of normal colonic epithelial cells, but in 63/126 (50%) of the tumour samples studied p21 expression was absent. Patients with tumours in which >50% of cells expressed p21 had improved survival compared to patients whose tumours were negative or had ≤50% of cells expressing p21 (p = 0.06, HR 0.33, 95% CI 0.1–1.0). We also observed a significant association between cyclin D1 subcellular localisation and p21 expression: 21/22 (95.5%) tumours expressing cyclin D1 in the nucleus also expressed p21, whereas only 17/52 (32.7%) of the tumours displaying exclusive cytoplasmic cyclin D1 staining were positive for p21 (p < 0.001). These data highlight the significance of exclusive cytoplasmic expression of cyclin D1 in colorectal cancer and lend support to recent in vitro studies suggesting that p21 protein may modulate the subcellular localisation of the cyclin D1 protein. Thus, deregulated expression of the cyclin D1 and p21 proteins are important in colorectal tumourigenesis and have implications for patient prognosis. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Method of Tainted Data Detection Based on Static Code Analysis

In the modern society, with the high-speed development of computer science and technology, the wave of the Internet economy is around the world, the use of computer software in every corner of our lives, various applications emerge in endlessly, people pay more and more attention on software security. Tainted data which comes from the external input variables and has been used by some function without detection of legitimacy is a kind of code security defect. In this paper, the author provides a detailed analysis and classification on the cause of the security defect, and introduces a method of tainted data detection based on static code analysis. The detection method preprocesses the code firstly to create abstract syntax tree, symbol table, control flow graph and function call graph. To analysis the relationship between the function calls, the author uses the function summary instead of expansion of the functions. In the last, by using this method to detect some open source projects, the experiment shows that this method has both lower positive rate and negative rate.
A simple recursive algorithm for diagnosis of abrupt changes in signals and systems

We address the problem of detecting and isolating abrupt changes in signals and systems with random disturbances. An asymptotic optimal solution to this problem, which has been proposed in previous works, leads to the number of arithmetical operations at time t which grows to infinity with t. Moreover, the proposed criterion of optimality does not impose a constraint on the probability of false isolation when the change time t/sub 0/>1. In this paper we propose another more realistic criterion, establish a new simple recursive change detection/isolation algorithm and investigate its statistical properties. This algorithm can be recommended for on-line implementations.