Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leveraging Cross Feedback of User and Item Embeddings with Attention for Variational Autoencoder based Collaborative Filtering.

Matrix factorization (MF) has been widely applied to collaborative filtering in recommendation systems. Its Bayesian variants can derive posterior distributions of user and item embeddings, and are more robust to sparse ratings. However, the Bayesian methods are restricted by their update rules for the posterior parameters due to the conjugacy of the priors and the likelihood. Variational autoencoders (VAE) can address this issue by capturing complex mappings between the posterior parameters and the data. However, current research on VAEs for collaborative filtering only considers the mappings based on the explicit data information while the implicit embedding information is overlooked. In this paper, we first derive evidence lower bounds (ELBO) for Bayesian MF models from two viewpoints: user-oriented and item-oriented. Based on the ELBOs, we propose a VAE-based Bayesian MF framework. It leverages not only the data but also the embedding information to approximate the user-item joint distribution. As suggested by the ELBOs, the approximation is iterative with cross feedback of user and item embeddings into each other's encoders. More specifically, user embeddings sampled at the previous iteration are fed to the item-side encoders to estimate the posterior parameters for the item embeddings at the current iteration, and vice versa. The estimation also attends to the cross-fed embeddings to further exploit useful information. The decoder then reconstructs the data via the matrix factorization over the currently re-sampled user and item embeddings.
Cowpea disease leaf Contour Extraction Based on Improved Kmeans Algorithm ∗

In order to extract complete leaf image contours of cowpea diseases under natural environment, cowpea disease leaf image segmentation method combining squirrel search algorithm and Kmeans clustering algorithm was proposed. Firstly, the images were converted from RGB color space to HSV color space; then the squirrel search algorithm was used to obtain the initial cluster centers to improve the Kmeans algorithm for image segmentation; morphological operations were used to smooth the images; finally, after removing small area noise, the Canny algorithm was used to extract the complete cowpea diseased leaf outline. The experimental results show that the cowpea diseased leaf images segmented by the algorithm used in this paper have smooth edges and can effectively segment cowpea leaves, which provides a basis for the application of computer vision in cowpea disease identification.
The rise of multiple institutional affiliations in academia

This study provides the first systematic, international, large‐scale evidence on the extent and nature of multiple institutional affiliations on journal publications. Studying more than 15 million authors and 22 million articles from 40 countries we document that: In 2019, almost one in three articles was (co‐)authored by authors with multiple affiliations and the share of authors with multiple affiliations increased from around 10% to 16% since 1996. The growth of multiple affiliations is prevalent in all fields and it is stronger in high impact journals. About 60% of multiple affiliations are between institutions from within the academic sector. International co‐affiliations, which account for about a quarter of multiple affiliations, most often involve institutions from the United States, China, Germany and the United Kingdom, suggesting a core‐periphery network. Network analysis also reveals a number communities of countries that are more likely to share affiliations. We discuss potential causes and show that the timing of the rise in multiple affiliations can be linked to the introduction of more competitive funding structures such as “excellence initiatives” in a number of countries. We discuss implications for science and science policy.
Corrigendum

Budget analysis of a tendency equation is widely utilized in numerical studies to quantify different physical processes in a simulated system. While such analysis is often post-processed when the output is made available, it is well acknowledged that the closure of a budget is difficult to achieve without temporal and/or spatial averaging. Nevertheless, the development of errors in such calculations has not been systematically investigated. In this study, an inline budget retrieval method is first developed in the WRF v3.8. 1 model and tested on a 2D idealized slantwise convection case with a focus on the 10 momentum equations. This method extracts all the budget terms following the model solver, which gives a high accuracy with a residual term always less than 0.1% of the tendency term. Then, taking the inline values as truth, several offline budget analyses with different commonly-used simplifications are performed to investigate how they may affect the accuracy of the estimation of individual terms and the resultant residual. These assumptions include using a lower-order advection operator than the one used in the model, neglecting grid staggering, or following a mathematically equivalent but transformed format 15 of the governing equations. Errors in these post-processed analyses are found mostly over the area where the dynamics are the most active, thus impairing the subsequent physical interpretation. A maximum 99 percentile residual can reach >50% of the concurrent tendency term, indicating the danger of neglecting the residual term as done in many budget studies. This work provides general guidance not only for budget diagnoses with the WRF model but also for minimizing the errors in postprocessed budget calculations. 20
Compact genes are highly expressed in the moss Physcomitrella patens

Compact genes contain short and few introns, and they are highly expressed in different animal genomes. Recently, it has been shown that in Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana, highly expressed genes tend to be least compact, containing long and many introns. It has been suggested that selection on genome organization may have acted differently in plants compared with animals. Gene expression can be estimated as the number of hits when comparing a gene sequence with publicly available expressed sequence tags. Here it is shown that in the haploid moss Physcomitrella pates, highly expressed genes contain shorter introns than genes with low expression levels. This study therefore supports the hypothesis that selection may strongly favour transcriptional efficiency at least in the haploid phase of plant life cycles. It is concluded that plants do not necessarily respond to other selection pressures than animals regarding genome structuring.
Intrusion detection method based on constrained Boltzmann machine and delayed decision

In the face of massive dimensional and nonlinear data, traditional intrusion detection algorithms suffer from inadequate feature extraction and inaccurate classification models. To this end, an intrusion detection method based on restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) and delayed decision is proposed. The RBM is selected to perform feature extraction on the dataset, delayed decision is performed in the classification decision stage for behaviors that cannot be immediately classified and grouped into the boundary domain, and the feature extraction process is further repeated for behaviors in this domain and different granularity feature spaces are constructed, and finally the classification results are output. The experimental results show that the accuracy of this method on the NSL-KDD dataset is 96.1%, which is 2.5 percentage points higher than the hierarchical intrusion detection system based on spatio-temporal features, which has the highest accuracy among the compared methods.
Design and Implementation of Neural Network Accelerated SOC Based on Small RISC-V Processor

The convolutional neural network runs slowly on the mobile edge devices with limited hardware resources. Based on hummingbird E203 processor and Tiny-Yolo neural network, this paper designs a SOC chip for real-time accelerated recognition of common objects. A neural network acceleration system is constructed based on the Tiny-Yolo algorithm framework. The input and output of the Tiny-Yolo network, the data types of the network weights and the calculation results of the convolution layer and the pooling layer are optimized for the hardware implementation. Finally, the acceleration processing is performed in the form of a coprocessor. At the same time, the corresponding coprocessor instruction set architecture is developed to coordinate the processing tasks between the main processor and the coprocessor. The SOC system is implemented and tested on FPGA.
Effects of Fungal Elicitors on Cell Growth and Artemisinin Accumulation in Hairy Root Cultures of Artemisia annua

The artemisinin accumulation in the hairy root cultures of Artemisia annua L. was enhanced via a treatment of three fungal elicitors separately ( Verticillium dahliae Kleb., Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb. ex Fr.) Vuill and Colletotrichum dematium (Pers.) Grove). Among these three elicitors, V. dahliae had the highest inducing efficiency, but none of them manifests any noticeable effects on the cell growth of the hairy root cultures. The artemisinin content of the hairy root cultures treated with V. dahliae elicitor was 1.12 mg/g DW, which was 45% higher than the control (0.77 mg/g DW). The results showed that elicitation was dependent on the elicitor concentration, the incubation period and the physiological stage at which the hairy root cultures were treated. In addition, the authors found that for V. dahliae , the optimum concentration was 0.4 mg carbohydrate per millilitre medium, the strongest response of A. annua hairy root cultures to the elicitation was at the late exponential growth stage, and the highest artemisinin content of the hairy root cultures was on the 4th day post treatment.
news Synopsys Solutions for the Development of Advanced Logic Process Nodes

Welcome to the IEDM 2016 edition of the TCAD News. The IEDM is always a special event for our TCAD team as it represents the continuous innovation and dynamism of the semiconductor industry which we strive to support. With 7nm node early production set to start in 2017, and 5nm node R&D well underway, leading edge logic manufacturers continue to deliver more performance and higher density at reduced power. Yet, the cost and technical challenges of developing these advanced technologies is rising exponentially. To address these challenges, design-technology co-optimization (DTCO) has become essential for selecting process technology options using design-level criteria. In 2016, Synopsys developed and introduced to the market DTCO simulation flows to enable our customers to make better and faster decisions on which process technology options to adopt in order to meet performance, power and area (PPA) targets.
The effect of applying economic green manure crops in the paddy field with succession cropping system

The economic green manure crops, including broad bean, pea, soybean, cowpea, triticale, etc. are identified as the key manure crops suitable for growing in the paddy field in the subtropics, and the way of utilizing these crops is presented also. Additionally, five kinds of succession cropping models carried out in the paddy field, i.e. broad bean early rice late rice, pea early rice late rice, oil rape soybean late rice, oil rape cowpea late rice, and triticale early rice late rice, are studied. Finally, the economic and ecological benefits of these cropping systems are analyzed.
Foraging Behavior of the Timber Rattlesnake, Crotalus horridus

moregulation of lizards and toads at high altitudes in Peru. Copeia 1976:155-170. POUGH, F. H. , AND C. GANS. 1982. The vocabulary of reptilian thermoregulation, p. 17-23. In: Biology of the Reptilia. Vol. 12. C. Gans and F. H. Pough (eds.). Academic Press, New York. SIEGEL, S. 1956. Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences. McGraw-Hill, New York. TRACY, C. R. 1975. Water and energy relations of terrestrial amphibians: Insights from mechanistic modeling, p. 325-346. In: Perspectives in biophysical ecology. D. M. Gates and R. B. Schmerl (eds.). Springer-Verlag. New York. 1976. A model of the dynamic exchanges of water and energy between a terrestrial amphibian and its environment. Ecol. Monogr. 46:293-326. ZWEIFEL, R. G. 1955. Ecology, distribution, and systematics of frogs of the Rana boylei group. Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 54:207-292.
Toxic and repellent effects of several Chinese medicinal materials on the adults of Triblium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

The toxic and repellent effects of several Chinese medicinal materials on the adults of Triblium castaneum were studied. The results showed that the death rates of T. castaneum adults treated with these Chinese medicinal materials were in the order of cloveasarurnpericarpiumevodiazanthoxylumhomalomena. When six Chinese medicinal materials were stored together, the insects would never emerged in clove, while the number of insects distributed in homalom ena was the largest. If clove was separately stored with other five Chinese medicinal materials, the insects would run away from clove, but intended to distribute in homalomena.
Corrigendum

where symbols are defined in the study by Wild & Fernandes (2009). The error changes quantitative features of the model analysis, but qualitative results and the basic conclusions are not affected. The latter point is supported by comparing revised Figs 1 and 2 here to Figs 1 and 2, respectively, in the study by Wild & Fernandes (2009). The main change we must report occurs when z 1⁄4 0. In that case, eqn (1) implies that, at equilibrium, we have
Corrigendum

It has been brought to our attention that we presented two tree topology errors in Sadleir & Makovicky (2008), Figs 2–3. Within Alligatoroidea, we incorrectly posited the Caimaninae as closer to the genus Alligator than several fossil alligatorines, and also misrepresented relationships between some of these fossils on the left (strict consensus) side of both figures. Because results of the concentrated changes test (CCT) and pairwise comparisons (PWC) analyses are contingent on tree topology, we re-ran our analyses on the corrected tree topology, where appropriate, to determine if different results were encountered. The resolved tree topology presented in Fig. 2 (right) is compatible with the strict consensus derived from analysis of the morphological data set (Brochu, 2001), but a figure error was presented for the unresolved polytomous tree in Fig. 2 (left). Within Alligatoroidea, the polytomious tree topology (Fig. 2, left) does not correctly distinguish between the Alligatorinae and Caimaninae relationships in Brochu (2001).
Photoplethysmography: A measure for the function of the autonomic nervous system in focal impaired awareness seizures

Photoplethysmography (PPG) reflects variations of blood perfusion in tissues, which may signify seizure‐related autonomic changes. The aim of this study is to assess the variability of PPG signals and their value in detecting peri‐ictal changes in patients with focal impaired awareness seizures (FIASs).
Seed sex ratio in dioecious plants depends on relative dispersal of pollen and seeds: an example using a chessboard simulation model

Two principles are important for the optimal sex ratio strategy of plants. (1) Sib mating. Because seed dispersal is restricted, sib mating may occur which selects for a female bias in the seed sex ratio. (2) Local resource competition (LRC). If a plant produces pollen its nuclear genes are dispersed in two steps: first through the pollen and then, if the pollen is successful in fertilizing an ovule on another plant, through the seed. If the plant produces an ovule, its genes are dispersed only through the seed. By making pollen instead of ovules the offspring of a single plant is then spread out over a wider area. This reduces the chance that genetically related individuals are close together and need to compete for the same resource. The effect is the strongest if pollen is dispersed over a much wider area than seeds. Less LRC for paternally vs. maternally derived offspring selects for a male bias in sex allocation.
Research on the application of Typhlodromips swirskii for the control of Bemisia tabaci

The life table parameters of Typhlodromips swirskii(Athias-Henriort) feeding on Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)under different temperatures and the efficacy of releasing T.swirskii to control B.tabaci on cucumber crops in a plastic greenhouse were investigated.T.swirskii could prey on all life-stages of B.tabaci. The average fecundity of T.swirskii was 25—41 eggs per female at 19—35℃. The proportion of females in the T.swirskii population was 60%—62.68%. The net reproductive rates of increase(R0)of T.swirskii were 12.6160,22.1021,17.4500 and 16.7463,and the intrinsic rates of natural increase(rm)were 0.0865,0.1528,0.1535 and 0.1690. The efficiency of controlling B.tabaci by releasing T.swirskii in a greenhouse was compared to that achieved by chemical control methods.The results indicate that T.swirskii is an effective bio-control for B.tabaci in the greenhouse environment.
Identification of Prorocentrum donghaiense in Genus Prorocentrum from the East China Sea Based on Partial LSU rDNA

The redtide causative organism Prorocentrum donghaiense from the East China Sea (Donghai strain) and P.dentatum from Culture Center of Marine Phytoplankton(CCMP) were analyzed by amplifying and sequencing the part of region of the large-subunit ribosomal DNA gene(LSU rDNA). The results showed that of 710 base pairs(bp) within LSU rDNA,only 5 bps were different between them.Both strains showed 99.01% genetic homology and 0.99% genetic differences.At the same time,the homologous sequences of another three species(P.mexicanum,P.micans,P.minimum) in genus Prorocentrum were downloaded from Genbank and analyzed by software.There were 99.4%~99.9% (up to 99.0%) homology between different strains within specie,and 91.1%~95.5% homology between different species in genus Prorocentrum.It was suggested that the genetic differences between Donghai strain and CCMP strain (0.99%) should be considered as variation within species,and Donghai strain and CCMP strain should be the same morphotype.This study supported the conclusion that Donghai strain and CCMP strain is actually the same species based on molecular data.
An Exploration of a Substance Abuse Treatment Program and Its Effects on Opioid Addicted Adults’ Ability to Maintain Recovery

As deaths related to opioids continue to increase across the country, with more than 41,000 deaths in 2016, a dark cloud looms over Florida as the state strives to contain the epidemic. There were 779 deaths related to opioids in Florida in 2015, which increased to 2,798 in 2016, making their death rate 14.4 compared to 13.3 nationwide. This study sought to explore a substance abuse treatment facility, evaluating patient satisfaction with treatment and how their level of satisfaction related to maintaining recovery. The use of Vivitrol, a staple treatment for opioid dependence at the study site, was assessed for a link between its use, satisfaction, and maintenance of recovery. This was an exploratory mixed methods study which utilized surveys with follow-up individual interviews. 32 patients completed the Treatment Perceptions Questionnaire and demographics, and six patients participated in follow-up interviews, each of which demonstrated satisfaction with their treatment. A series of independent sample t-tests were computed to assess how the variables of mandating treatment, gender, vivitrol and current sobriety were related to the 2 TPQ dependent variable subscales of staff and program effectiveness. There were no significant differences for staff and program perception for any of the variables. For the continuous variables of age, times in treatment and length of treatment, a
On the Machine Condition and its Creative Expression

The human condition can be characterised as the most es- sential characteristics, events and situations which describe human existence. We propose that a parallel discussion of the machine condition could improve public understanding of computational systems in general, and advance perception of creativity in computational creativity systems in particular. We present a framework for machines to creatively express their existence, sketch some aspects of the machine condition, and describe potential beneﬁts of this approach.
COST OF QUALITY IN DISTRIBUTION LOGISTICS

The task of logistics in the field of sales and distribution of the products is to achieve the highest quality of service with as lowest cost as possible. These are two conflicting goals that need to be explored and tackled together with the tendency to come up with an optimal solution. The quality of logistics services is directly linked to costs through two key perspectives. The first refers to the good quality costs, which involve investing in preventive solutions, such as implementation of quality standards, planning, management, control and quality assessment. The second perspective refers to the bad quality costs, which are the consequence of nonconformance, internal and external errors. This paper provides a review of different approaches and models for determining the cost of quality, such as: PAF model, opportunity cost model, process cost model, ABC model and Taguchi’s loss function. The procedure for determining costs in the area of distribution and delivery of the products from the distribution center to the stores is presented. The methodology in this paper includes: mapping and process analysis, identification, quantification and analysis of the quality costs.
GAN-Based Image Data Augmentation

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are powerful generative models that have lead to break-throughs in image generation. In this project, we investigate the use of GANs in generating synthetic data from the MNIST dataset to either augment or replace the original data when training classiﬁers. We demonstrate that training classiﬁers on purely synthetic data achieves comparable results to those trained solely on pure data and show that for small sets of training data, augmenting the dataset by ﬁrst training GANs on the data can lead to dramatic improvement in classiﬁer performance. We also begin to explore using GAN-generated data to recursively train other GANs
Effects of Environmental PM2.5 on Adult SD
Rat Lung Transcriptional Profile

To study the effects of environmental Particulate Matter (PM)2.5 on the transcriptional profiles of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats lung tissue, thus providing insights into the mechanisms through which PM2.5 may exert on human beings. Environmental PM2.5 was prepared with versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system. The healthy control rats and the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) model rats were exposed to PM2.5 and clean air, respectively. RNA-sequence technique was used for genetic changes analysis in lung tissue after exposure, and the data were analyzed with transcriptional profile and pathway analysis. The results showed that persistent exposure to PM2.5 caused various transcriptional changes related to signal pathways mainly including reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation, cell proliferation and so on. Compared with the healthy rats, the COPD model rats showed significant changes on cell proliferation, inflammation, immune response and cell death. Furthermore, after exposure to PM2.5, COPD rats showed more significant pathway changes in ROS, inflammation, immune response, cell proliferation and damage repair. Collectively, PM2.5 exposure caused similar but more significant transcriptional changes in COPD rats than in health rats or cleanair raised COPD rats, suggesting that human with COPD is more sensitive to PM2.5 and more severe impairments might be induced after exposure. Humans whom are suffering COPD needs more protection from PM2.5 to avoid lung injury.