Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UZWORDNET: A Lexical-Semantic Database for the Uzbek Language

The results reported in this paper aim to increase the presence of the Uzbek language in the Internet and its usability within IT applications. We describe the initial development of a “word-net” for the Uzbek language compatible to Princeton WordNet. We called it UZWORDNET. In the current version, UZWORDNET contains 28140 synsets, 64389 sense and 20683 words; its estimated accuracy is 75.98%. To the best of our knowledge, it is the largest wordnet for Uzbek existing to date, and the second wordnet developed overall.
Leaving No Stone Unturned When Identifying and Classifying Verbal Multiword Expressions in the Romanian Wordnet

We present here the enhancement of the Romanian wordnet with a new type of information, very useful in language processing, namely types of verbal multi-word expressions. All verb literals made of two or more words are attached a label specific to the type of verbal multi-word expression they correspond to. These labels were created in the PARSEME Cost Action and were used in the version 1.1 of the shared task they organized. The results of this annotation are compared to those obtained in the annotation of a Romanian news corpus with the same labels. Given the alignment of the Romanian wordnet to the Princeton WordNet, this type of annotation can be further used for drawing comparisons between equivalent verbal literals in various languages, provided that such information is annotated in the wordnets of the respective languages and their wordnets are aligned to Princeton WordNet, and thus to the Romanian wordnet.
Extraction de collocations à partir de textes

Les collocations sont intéressantes dans de nombreuses applications du TALN comme la l’analyse ou la génération de textes ou encore la lexicographie monolingue ou bilingue. Les premières tentatives d’extraction automatique de collocations à partir de textes ou de dictionnaires ont vu le jour dans les années 1970. Il s’agissait principalement de méthodes à base de statistiques lexicales. Aujourd’hui, les méthodes d’identification automatique font toujours appel à des statistiques mais qu’elles combinent avec des analyses linguistiques. Nous examinons quelques méthodes d’identification des collocations en corpus en soulignant pour chaque méthode les propriétés linguistiques des collocations qui ont été prises en compte.
Understanding the inactivation process of organophosphorus herbicides: A DFT study of glyphosate metallic complexes with Zn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Co3+, Fe3+, Cr3+, and Al3+

Glyphosate is the active component of one of the top-selling herbicides, which is also a potent EPSP synthase inhibitor. The herbicide is absorbed by living tissue and translocated via the phloem, to plant roots and rhizomes. When applied directly into the soil it has low activity, due to the high adsorption by soil constituents. Understanding the specific interactions between metals in the soil and glyphosate is the main step in understanding the low activity of the herbicide when applied directly into the ground and not pulverized. We can observe there is a stability order for both tetrahedral and octahedral complexes between glyphosate and metals: Zn>Cu>Co>Fe>Cr>Al>Ca>Mg. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intégration d’une dimension sémantique dans les grammaires d’arbres adjoints

Dans cet article, nous considérons un formalisme linguistique pour lequel l’intégration d’information sémantique dans une grammaire à large couverture n’a pas encore été réalisée à savoir, les grammaires d’arbres adjoints (Tree Adjoining Grammar ou TAG). Nous proposons une méthode permettant cette intégration et décrivons sa mise en oeuvre dans une grammaire noyau pour le français. Nous montrons en particulier que le formalisme de spécification utilisé, XMG, (Duchier et al., 2004) permet une factorisation importante des données sémantiques facilitant ainsi le développement, la maintenance et le déboggage de la grammaire.
Fitting Semantic Relations to Word Embeddings

We fit WordNet relations to word embeddings, using 3CosAvg and LRCos, two set-based methods for analogy resolution, and introduce 3CosWeight, a new, weighted variant of 3CosAvg. We test the performance of the resulting semantic vectors in lexicographic semantics tests, and show that none of the tested classifiers can learn symmetric relations like synonymy and antonymy, since the source and target words of these relations are the same set. By contrast, with the asymmetric relations (hyperonymy / hyponymy and meronymy), both 3CosAvg and LRCos clearly outperform the baseline in all cases, while 3CosWeight attained the best scores with hyponymy and meronymy, suggesting that this new method could provide a useful alternative to previous approaches.
Deep Learning in Event Detection in Polish

Event detection is an important NLP task that has been only recently tackled in the context of Polish, mostly due to lack of language resources. The available annotated corpora are still relatively small and supervised learning approaches are limited by the size of training datasets. Event detection tools are very much needed, as they can be used to annotate more language resources automatically and to improve the accuracy of other NLP tasks, which rely on the detection of events, such as question answering or machine translation. In this paper we present a deep learning based approach to this task, which proved to capture the knowledge contained in the training data most effectively and outperform previously proposed methods. We show a direct comparison to previously published results, using the same data and experimental setup.
Etiquetage morpho-syntaxique des textes arabes par modèle de Markov caché

L’étiquetage des textes est un outil très important pour le traitement automatique de langage, il est utilisé dans plusieurs applications par exemple l’analyse morphologique et syntaxique des textes, l’indexation, la recherche documentaire, la voyellation pour la langue arabe, les modèles de langage probabilistes (modèles n-classes), etc. Dans cet article nous avons élaboré un système d’étiquetage morpho-syntaxique de la langue arabe en utilisant les modèles de Markov cachés, et ceci pour construire un corpus de référence étiqueté et représentant les principales difficultés grammaticales rencontrées en langue arabe générale. Pour l’estimation des paramètres de ce modèle, nous avons utilisé un corpus d’apprentissage étiqueté manuellement en utilisant un jeu de 52 étiquettes de nature morpho-syntaxique. Ensuite on procède à une amélioration du système grâce à la procédure de réestimation des paramètres de ce modèle.
A collaborative system for building and maintaining wordnets.

A collaborative system for wordnet construction and maintenance is presented. Its key modules include WordnetLoom editor, Wordnet Tracker and JavaScript Graph. They offer a number of functionalities that allow solving problems on every stage of building, editing and aligning wordnets by teams of lexicographers working in parallel. The experience collected in recent years has allowed us to refine applications and add new modules to provide the best user experience in a reliable and easily maintainable way.
Système de traduction automatique statistique combinant différentes ressources

Cet article décrit une approche combinant différents modèles statistiques pour la traduction automatique basée sur les segments. Pour ce faire, différentes ressources sont utilisées, dont deux corpus parallèles aux caractéristiques différentes et un dictionnaire de terminologie bilingue et ce, afin d’améliorer la performance quantitative et qualitative du système de traduction. Nous évaluons notre approche sur la paire de langues français-anglais et montrons comment la combinaison des ressources proposées améliore de façon significative les résultats.
Derivational Relations in Arabic WordNet

When derivational relations deficiency exists in a wordnet, such as the Arabic WordNet, it makes it very difficult to exploit in the natural language processing community. Such deficiency is raised when many wordnets follow the same development path of Princeton WordNet. A rule-based approach for Arabic derivational relations is proposed in this paper to deal with this deficiency. The proposed approach is explained step by step. It involves the gathering of lexical entries that share the same root, into a bag of words. Rules are then used to affect the appropriate derivational relations, i.e. to relate existing words in the AWN, involving part-of-speech switch. The method is implemented using Java. Manual verification by a lexicographer takes place to ensure good results. The described approach gave good results. It could be useful for other morphologically complex languages as well.
Fast developing of a Natural Language Interface for a Portuguese WordNet: Leveraging on Sentence Embeddings

We describe how a natural language interface can be developed for a wordnet with a small set of handcrafted templates, leveraging on sentence embeddings. The proposed approach does not use rules for parsing natural language queries but experiments showed that the embeddings model is tolerant enough for correctly predicting relation types that do not match known patterns exactly. It was tested with OpenWordNet-PT, for which this method may provide an alternative interface, with benefits also on the curation process.
Evaluating the Wordnet and CoRoLa-based Word Embedding Vectors for Romanian as Resources in the Task of Microworlds Lexicon Expansion

Within a larger frame of facilitating human-robot interaction, we present here the creation of a core vocabulary to be learned by a robot. It is extracted from two tokenised and lemmatized scenarios pertaining to two imagined microworlds in which the robot is supposed to play an assistive role. We also evaluate two resources for their utility for expanding this vocabulary so as to better cope with the robot’s communication needs. The language under study is Romanian and the resources used are the Romanian wordnet and word embedding vectors extracted from the large representative corpus of contemporary Romanian, CoRoLa. The evaluation is made for two situations: one in which the words are not semantically disambiguated before expanding the lexicon, and another one in which they are disambiguated with senses from the Romanian wordnet. The appropriateness of each resource is discussed.
Constitution d’une ressource sémantique issue du treillis des catégories de Wikipedia

Le travail présenté dans cet article s’inscrit dans le thème de l’acquisition automatique de ressources sémantiques s’appuyant sur les données de Wikipedia. Nous exploitons le graphe des catégories associées aux pages de Wikipedia à partir duquel nous extrayons une hiérarchie de catégories parentes, sémantiquement et thématiquement liées. Cette extraction est le résultat d’une stratégie de plus court chemin appliquée au treillis global des catégories. Chaque page peut ainsi être représentée dans l’espace de ses catégories propres, ainsi que des catégories parentes. Nous montrons la possibilité d’utiliser cette ressource pour deux applications. La première concerne l’indexation et la classification des pages de Wikipedia. La seconde concerne la désambiguïsation dans le cadre d’un traducteur de requêtes français/anglais. Ce dernier travail a été réalisé en exploitant les catégories des pages anglaises.
Potentiometric determination of total and ionized calcium in osteoblast‐like cell culture medium

The effect of the ionic strength and composition of solutions in the direct potentiometric determination of total and ionized calcium content using a calcium selective electrode was investigated. In the presence of a constant complexation buffer (CCB), the addition of sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate causes a decrease in the limit of detection of the potentiometric response. When the procedure was tested in osteoblast-like cell culture medium no electrode interferences or method interferences were observed by the presence of proteins, i.e., the total and ionized calcium in this medium can be measured by potentiometric means.
Connections between the semantic layer of Walenty valency dictionary and PlWordNet

In this paper we discuss how Walenty is using PLWORDNET to represent semantic information. We decided to use PLWORDNET lexical units and synsets to describe both the predicate meaning and the semantic fields of its arguments. The original design decision required some further refinement caused by the structure of PLWORDNET and complex relations between arguments.
There and Back Again: A (Reversed) Vygotskian Perspective on Digital Socialization

Among the most important current advances of the contemporary material and non-material culture is the development of digital technologies as new tools or instruments of the human mind. Their reciprocal influence on the human mind is, in turn, becoming one of the front edges of research in both personality and cognitive psychology and neighboring disciplines, such as philosophy of mind, neurobiology, and cultural anthropology. The unprecedented speed of technological development, together with the merging of digital and wireless technologies with human daily routines across the planet, makes this research quite complicated. One of the firstpriority tasks for psychology is to develop methodology which could become a foundation for the study of co-development of human mind and digital technologies, including both common-use devices and applications for data generation, storage, and processing.
Executive Function Training in Childhood Obesity: Food Choice, Quality of Life, and Brain Connectivity (TOuCH): A Randomized Control Trial Protocol

Background: Individuals with obesity are known to present cognitive deficits, especially in executive functions. Executive functions play an important role in health and success throughout the whole life and have been related to food decision-making and to the ability to maintain energy balance. It is possible to improve executive functions through targeted training. This would involve brain plasticity changes that could be studied through connectivity MRI. The general hypothesis of this study is that executive functions training in children with obesity can improve food choices and produce cognitive and neuroimaging changes (structural and functional connectivity), as well as improve emotional state and quality of life. Methods: Randomized controlled double-blind trial with 12-month follow-up. Thirty children with obesity will be randomly allocated into “executive training” (Cognifit with adaptive difficulty + Cogmed) or “control task” group (Cognifit without adaptive difficulty). Both groups will attend 30–45 min of individual gamified training (Cogmed and/or Cognifit systems) by iPad, five times per week during 6 weeks. Cogmed and Cognifit software are commercially available from Pearson and Cognifit, respectively. Participants will receive an iPad with both apps installed for a 6-week use. Participants will also receive counseling diet information via presentations sent to the iPad and will wear a Fitbit Flex 2 tracker to monitor daily activity and sleep patterns. Main outcomes will be cognitive, emotional, food decision, and quality-of-life measures, as well as neuroimaging measures. Participants are evaluated at baseline (T0), after treatment (T1), and 12 months since baseline (T2). Discussion: Longitudinal study with active control group and 3 time points: baseline, immediately after treatment, and 1 year after baseline. Threefold treatment: executive function training, psychoeducation, and feedback on activity/sleep tracking. We will evaluate the transfer effects of the intervention, including emotional and functional outcomes, as well as the effects on neural plasticity by connectivity MRI. Trial registration: This project has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (trial registration number NCT03615274), August 3, 2018.
Abusive Sexting in Adolescence: Prevalence and Characteristics of Abusers and Victims

Sexting has been defined as sending, receiving, or forwarding sexually explicit messages, images, or photos to others through digital platforms, and can assume more consensual or more abusive and violent forms. This study aims to explore the prevalence of abusive sexting in Portuguese adolescents and the psychological characteristics of sexting abusers in terms of emotional and behavioral problems, potential markers of psychopathy, childhood trauma and maltreatment, and different forms of aggression. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 4,281 participants, aged 12–20 years (2,264 girls and 2,017 boys), of whom 204 (4.8%) engaged in abusive sexting behaviors and 182 (4.3%) self-identified as being a non-consensual sexting victim. Abusive sexting was more common among boys and middle adolescents, and abusive sexting victims were more likely to be children of single-parent families. Engaging in abusive sexting and being a victim of abusive sexting were also related to behavioral and emotional problems, callousness, experiences of neglect and abuse in childhood, and various forms of aggression. Implications for future research and intervention are discussed.
The Deubiquitinating Enzyme UCHL1 Induces Resistance to Doxorubicin in HER2+ Breast Cancer by Promoting Free Fatty Acid Synthesis

Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), which is a deubiquitinating enzyme, is known to play a role in chemoresistance in cancers. However, its potential roles and mechanisms in the chemoresistance of breast cancer (BC) remain unclear. In this study, we examined its expression in patients with BC and employed Kaplan–Meier analysis and the log-rank test for survival analyses. It was found that up-regulated UCHL1 expression was positively associated with both chemoresistance and poor prognosis, especially in patients with HER2+ BC. Moreover, UCHL1 expression was elevated in HER2+ BC cells (SK-BR-3 and BT474). Similarly, doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant BC cells (MCF-7/DOX) had higher UCHL1 levels than MCF-7 cells. CCK-8 assay showed that BC cells with higher UCHL1 levels were more resistant to DOX. Furthermore, by inhibiting UCHL1 in BC cells with elevated UCHL1 expression, we demonstrated that UCHL1 promoted DOX-resistance in BC. Mechanistically, UCHL1 probably promoted DOX-resistance of BC by up-regulating free fatty acid (FFA) synthesis, as exhibited by reduced FFA synthase expression and resurrected DOX-sensitivity upon UCHL1 inhibition. Overall, UCHL1 up-regulation is associated with DOX-resistance and poor prognosis in patients with HER2+ BC. UCHL1 induces DOX-resistance by up-regulating FFA synthesis in HER2+ BC cells. Thus, UCHL1 might be a potential clinical target for overcoming DOX resistance in patients with HER2+ BC.
Global Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Genes Involved in Conceptus Development During the Implantation Stages in Pigs

Prenatal mortality remains a significant concern to the pig farming industry around the world. Spontaneous fetal loss ranging from 20 to 45% by term occur after fertilization, with most of the loss happening during the implantation period. Since the factors regulating the high mortality rates of early conceptus during implantation phases are poorly understood, we sought to analyze the overall gene expression changes during this period, and identify the molecular mechanisms involved in conceptus development. This work employed Illumina’s next-generation sequencing (RNA-Seq) and quantitative real-time PCR to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Soft clustering was subsequently used for the cluster analysis of gene expression. We identified 8236 DEGs in porcine conceptus at day 9, 12, and 15 of pregnancy. Annotation analysis of these genes revealed rRNA processing (GO:0006364), cell adhesion (GO:1904874), and heart development (GO:0007507), as the most significantly enriched biological processes at day 9, 12, and 15 of pregnancy, respectively. In addition, we found various genes, such as T-complex 1, RuvB-like AAA ATPase 2, connective tissue growth factor, integrins, interferon gamma, SLA-1, chemokine ligand 9, PAG-2, transforming growth factor beta receptor 1, and Annexin A2, that play essential roles in conceptus morphological development and implantation in pigs. Furthermore, we investigated the function of PAG-2 in vitro and found that PAG-2 can inhibit trophoblast cell proliferation and migration. Our analysis provides a valuable resource for understanding the mechanisms of conceptus development and implantation in pigs.
Grand Challenges in Satellite Remote Sensing

Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8518 LOA Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique, Lille, France, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States, School of Meteorology, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom, National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom, SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Utrecht, Netherlands, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Transcription Factor NAC075 Delays Leaf Senescence by Deterring Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation in Arabidopsis

Leaf senescence is a highly complex genetic process that is finely tuned by multiple layers of regulation. Among them, transcriptional regulation plays a critical role in controlling the initiation and progression of leaf senescence. Here, we found that the NAC transcription factor NAC075 functions as a novel negative regulator of leaf senescence. Loss of function of NAC075 promotes leaf senescence in an age-dependent manner, whereas constitutive overexpression of NAC075 delays senescence in Arabidopsis. Transcriptome analysis revealed that transcript levels of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) are significantly suppressed in nac075 mutants compared with wild-type plants. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses revealed that NAC075 directly binds the promoter of catalase 2 (CAT2). Moreover, genetic analysis showed that overexpression of CAT2 suppresses the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the early senescence phenotypes of nac075 mutants, suggesting that CAT2 acts downstream of NAC075 to delay leaf senescence by repressing ROS accumulation. Collectively, our findings provide a new regulatory module involving NAC075-CAT2-ROS in controlling leaf senescence in Arabidopsis.