Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Responsive Feeding, Infant Growth, and Postpartum Depressive Symptoms during 3 Months Postpartum

Responsive feeding is crucial to the formation of life-long healthy eating behavior. Few studies have examined maternal responsive feeding in early infancy among a Chinese population. This prospective study describes maternal responsive feeding and factors associated with maternal responsive feeding, with emphasis on infant growth and maternal depressive symptoms, during the first 3 months postpartum in Taiwan. From 2015 to 2017, 438 pregnant women were recruited and followed at 1 and 3 months postpartum. Maternal responsive feeding at 3 months was measured on a 10-item 5-point Likert-type scale. Maternal depressive symptoms were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale with a cutoff score of 10. Infant growth was categorized into four groups based on weight-for-length Z scores from birth to 3 months: no change, increase but in the normal range, increase to overweight, and decrease to underweight. Multiple regression revealed that postpartum depressive symptoms, primipara, and decreased infant weight-for-length Z score were negatively associated with maternal responsive feeding, while exclusive breastfeeding and maternal age younger than 29 years were positively associated with maternal responsive feeding. Heath professionals should educate mothers on responsive feeding, with emphases on first-time and non-exclusive breastfeeding mothers, as well as those with depressive symptoms, advanced maternal age, and infants who are becoming underweight.
Impedance Control: An Approach to Manipulation: Part II—Implementation

This three-part paper presents an approach to the control of dynamic interaction between a manipulator and its environment. Part I presented the theoretical reasoning behind impedance control. In Part II the implementation of impedance control is considered. A feedback control algorithm for imposing a desired cartesian impedance on the end-point of a nonlinear manipulator is presented. This algorithm completely eliminates the need to solve the "inverse kinematics problem" in robot motion control. The modulation of end-point impedance without using feedback control is also considered, and it is shown that apparently "redundant" actuators and degrees of freedom such vs exist in the primate musculoskeletal system may be used to modulate end-point impedance and may play an essential functional role in the control of dynamic interaction.
Robust Cooperation with First-Order Information ∗

We study when and how cooperation can be supported in the repeated prisoner’s dilemma in a large population with random matching and overlapping generation, when players have only first-order information about their current partners: a player’s record tracks information about her past actions only, and not her partners’ past actions (or her partners’ partners’ actions). We also restrict attention to strict equilibria that are coordination-proof, meaning that two matched players never play a Pareto-dominated Nash equilibrium in the stage game induced by their records and expected continuation payoffs. We find that simple strategies can support limit efficiency if the stage game is either “mild” or “strongly supermodular,” and that no cooperation can occur in equilibrium for a near-complementary parameter set. The presence of “supercooperator” records, where a player cooperates against any opponent, is crucial for supporting maximal cooperation when the stage game is “severe. ” ∗We thank V Bhaskar, Glenn Ellison, Sander Heinsalu, Yuval Heller, Takuo Sugaya, Satoru Takahashi, and Caroline Thomas for helpful comments and conversations, and NSF grants SES 1643517 and 1555071 and Sloan Foundation grant 2017-9633 for financial support.
Appendix for Dynamic Scheduling in a Many-Server Multi-Class System : Role of Customer Impatience in Large Systems

When service rates are class-dependent, we can no longer describe the system dynamics with a single-dimensional state descriptor approximated by a single-dimensional diffusion process (see Gurvich and Whitt, 2009). Instead, we need to keep track of the queue-length process for each class to describe the system dynamics, and hence we require a K-dimensional diffusion process to approximate these dynamics. This results in the DCP formulation yielding a partial differential equation (PDE) as the HJB equation. Our objective in this subsection is to derive this HJB equation PDE and describe the solution to the DCP. The formulation in this section generalizes that in Harrison and Zeevi (2004) from exponential to general abandonment, and also changes their objective from infinite-horizon discounted-cost to long-run-average cost. Let μk be the class k service rate and define ν := ∑ k∈K ak μk . Note that ν is 1 μ if μk = μ for all k ∈ K as in our previous sections and it is necessary to have at least νλ servers to guarantee no abandonment in a system without randomness. Similar to the equation (3), we assume
Effect of Irrigation Frequency and Shade Levels on Vegetative Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Piquin Pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. glabriusculum)

InMexico, piquin peppers are highly valued horticultural productswithlimited cultivated production due to low seed germination, morphologic and genetic variability, disease susceptibility, and limited environmental physiology information. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of irrigation frequency and shade level treatments on vegetative growth, yield, and fruit quality of a commercial ecotype of piquin pepper. The study was conducted during two consecutive years using a hierarchical linear mixed- effects model design, with yearly data of irrigation frequency as main treatment blocks and shade levels as secondary blocks (nested within irrigation frequency treatments). Our results indicate that more frequent irrigation and increased shade levels favored vegetative growth. In addition, moderate shade levels (interception of 35% of full sunlight) and daily irrigation provided the best conditions for fruit production. This effect could be attributed to an increase in vegetative growth (thus higher photosyn- thetic and crop load capacity); more moderate conditions (temperatures and relative humidity) that favored flowering and fruit set, or a combination of these factors. Fruit size and pungency were not significantly affected by the treatments. Our results provide basic information for the development of guidelines for the cultivation of piquin pepper plants.
High-Performance Pure Sine Wave Inverter with Robust Intelligent Sliding Mode Maximum Power Point Tracking for Photovoltaic Applications

Photovoltaic (PV) power generation has been extensively used as a result of the limited petrochemical resources and the rise of environmental awareness. Nevertheless, PV arrays have a widespread range of voltage changes in a variety of solar radiation, load, and temperature circumstances, so a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method must be applied to get maximum power from PV systems. Sliding mode control (SMC) is effectively used in PV power generation due to its robustness, design simplicity, and superior interference suppression. When the PV array is subject to large parameter changes/highly uncertain conditions, the SMC leads to degraded steady-state performance, poor transient tracking speed, and unwanted flutter. Therefore, this paper proposes a robust intelligent sliding mode MPPT-based high-performance pure sine wave inverter for PV applications. The robust SMC is designed through fast sliding regime, which provides fixed time convergence and a non-singularity that allows better response in steady-state and transience. To avoid the flutter caused by system unmodeled dynamics, an enhanced cuckoo optimization algorithm (ECOA) with automatically adjustable step factor and detection probability is used to search control parameters of the robust sliding mode, thus finding global optimal solutions. The coalescence of both robust SMC and ECOA can control the converter to obtain MPPT with faster convergence rate and without untimely trapping at local optimal solutions. Then the pure sine wave inverter with robust intelligent sliding mode MPPT of the PV system delivers a high-quality and stable sinusoidal wave voltage to the load. The efficacy of the proposed method is validated on a MPPT pure sine wave inverter system by using numerical simulations and experiments. The results show that the output of the proposed PV system can improve steady-state performance and transient tracking speed.
Are Saturn electrostatic discharges really superbolts? A temporal dilemma

Saturn electrostatic discharges (SED) are freely‐propagating radio emissions detected in the high frequency (HF) radio band (1–40 MHz) associated with electrical discharge (i.e., lightning) from storms in Saturn's atmosphere. While SEDs responsible for the RF emission are considered to be very energetic superbolts (>1013 J), this determination is intimately related to the temporal nature of the discharge itself. As we demonstrate, if we assume the discharge has similar temporal properties as terrestrial cloud‐to‐ground discharges (with a stroke time scale ∼70 μs), then indeed the discharge energy has to be ∼ 1013 J in order account for the Cassini‐observed radiated HF power of ∼50 W/Hz. However, if the discharge duration is faster than the terrestrial case (i.e., ∼1 μs), the energy of the discharge can be weaker than the terrestrial case since the central peak of the emission shifts closer to the HF band. Because of the near‐flat SED spectra measured in the HF which favors a faster discharge, we conclude that the high level of radiated HF power from SEDs may have less to do with any extreme super‐bolt strength of the discharge and has more to do with the intrinsic quick time‐scale of relatively weaker discharges.
Typesafety for Explicitly-Coded Probabilistic MASSACH Inference Procedures

Researchers have recently proposed several systems that ease the process of developing Bayesian probabilistic inference algorithms. These include systems for automatic inference algorithm synthesis as well as stronger abstractions for manual algorithm development. However, existing systems whose performance relies on the developer manually constructing a part of the inference algorithm have limited support for reasoning about the correctness of the resulting algorithm. In this thesis, I present Shuffle, a programming language for developing manual inference algorithms that enforces 1) the basic rules of probability theory and 2) statistical dependencies of the algorithm's corresponding probabilistic model. We have used Shuffle to develop inference algorithms for several standard probabilistic models. Our results demonstrate that Shuffle enables a developer to deliver performant implementations of these algorithms with the added benefit of Shuffle's correctness guarantees. Thesis Supervisor: Michael Carbin Title: Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Mass Spectrometric Comparison of HPV-Positive and HPV-Negative Oropharyngeal Cancer

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) consist of two distinct biological entities. While the numbers of classical, tobacco-induced HNSCC are declining, tumors caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are increasing in many countries. HPV-positive HNSCC mostly arise in the oropharynx and are characterized by an enhanced sensitivity towards radiotherapy and a favorable prognosis. To identify molecular differences between both entities on the protein level, we conducted a mass spectrometric comparison of eight HPV-positive and nine HPV-negative oropharyngeal tumors (OPSCC). Overall, we identified 2051 proteins, of which 31 were found to be differentially expressed. Seventeen of these can be assorted to three functional groups, namely DNA replication, nuclear architecture and cytoskeleton regulation, with the differences in the last group potentially reflecting an enhanced migratory and invasive capacity. Furthermore, a number of identified proteins have been described to directly impact on DNA double-strand break repair or radiation sensitivity (e.g., SLC3A2, cortactin, RBBP4, Numa1), offering explanations for the differential prognosis. The unequal expression of three proteins (SLC3A2, MCM2 and lamin B1) was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining using a tissue microarray containing 205 OPSCC samples. The expression levels of SLC3A2 and lamin B1 were found be of prognostic relevance in patients with HPV-positive and HPV-negative OPSCC, respectively.
A quantitative study of track initialization of the four-frame best estimate algorithm for three-dimensional Lagrangian particle tracking

We introduce a method to improve three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry (3D-PTV) algorithms. 3D-PTV is an experimental method used to measure the Lagrangian trajectories of individual particles over time. The trajectories are constructed by linking the particle positions from a sequence of images. Different 3D-PTV algorithms have been proposed in the literature, ranging from simply taking the nearest neighbor in the next frame to using multiframe schemes. This work focuses on the initialization of the four-frame best estimate (4BE) method introduced by Ouellette et al (2006 Exp. Fluids 40 301–13). Previously, tracking algorithms have been initialized by using the particle’s nearest neighbor(s) in the next frame or by using a velocity guess to predict the particle’s location in the next frame. We propose a more robust initialization, coupled with 4BE, that performs better than existing methods in the literature, in the sense of yielding a higher number of correct tracks. The performance of the proposed initialization method is compared to the 4BE method that uses nearest neighbor initialization by applying both methods on direct numerical simulation data from the Johns Hopkins turbulence databases. We show that the modified initialization greatly improves tracking in two canonical cases, homogeneous isotropic turbulence and turbulent channel flow (inhomogenous and anisotropic), greatly increasing the percentage of correct tracks found even under challenging seeding/particle displacement conditions.
Genetic Diversity of Australian Bacillus anthracis Isolates Revealed by Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis

Outbreaks of anthrax occur sporadically in Australia and most commonly in the “anthrax belt”, a region which extends from southern Queensland through the centre of New South Wales and into northern Victoria. Little is known about the epidemiological links between Bacillus anthracis isolates taken from different outbreaks and the diversity of strains within Australia. We used multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis employing 25 markers (MLVA25) to genotype 99 B. anthracis isolates from an archival collection of Australian isolates. MLVA25 genotyping revealed eight unique genotypes which clustered within the previously defined A3 genotype of B. anthracis. Genotyping of B. anthracis strains from outbreaks of disease in Victoria identified the presence of multiple genotypes associated with these outbreaks. The geographical distribution of genotypes within Australia suggests that a single genotype was introduced into the eastern states of Australia, followed by the spread and localised differentiation of the pathogen (MLVA25 genotypes MG1-MG6) throughout the anthrax belt. In contrast, unexplained occurrences of disease in areas outside of this anthrax belt which are associated with different genotypes, (MLVA25 genotypes MG7 and MG8) indicate separate introductions of B. anthracis into Australia.
Are the Classic and the Congruent Arc Latarjet Procedures Equally Effective for the Treatment of Recurrent Shoulder Instability in Athletes?

Background: There is a lack of evidence in the literature comparing outcomes between the classic and the congruent arc Latarjet procedures in athletes. Purpose: To compare return to sports, functional outcomes, and complications between the classic and the congruent arc Latarjet procedures in athletes with recurrent glenohumeral instability. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Between June 2009 and June 2017, 145 athletes with recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability underwent surgery with the Latarjet as a primary procedure in our institution. The classic procedure was used in 66 patients, and the congruent arc method was used in 79 patients. Return to sports, range of motion (ROM), the Rowe score, a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain in sports activity, and the Athletic Shoulder Outcome Scoring System (ASOSS) were used to assess functional outcomes. Recurrences were also evaluated. The postoperative bone block position and consolidation were assessed with computed tomography. Results: In the total population, the mean follow-up was 41.3 months (range, 24-90 months) and the mean age was 25.3 years (range, 18-45 years). In total, 90% of patients were able to return to sports; of these, 91% returned at their preinjury level of play. No significant difference in shoulder ROM was found between preoperative and postoperative results. The Rowe, VAS, and ASOSS scores showed statistical improvement after operation (P < .001). The Rowe score increased from a preoperative mean of 42.8 points to a postoperative mean of 95.2 points (P < .01). Subjective pain during sports improved from 3.2 points preoperatively to 0.7 points at last follow-up (P < .01). The ASOSS score improved significantly from a preoperative mean of 46.4 points to a postoperative mean of 88.4 points (P < .01). No significant differences in shoulder ROM and functional scores were found between patients who received the classic vs congruent arc procedures. There were 5 recurrences (3.5%): 3 dislocations (2%) and 2 subluxations (1%). No significant difference in the recurrence rate was noted between groups. The bone block healed in 134 cases (92%). Conclusion: In athletes with recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability, the Latarjet procedure produced excellent functional outcomes. Most athletes returned to sports at their preinjury level, and the rate of recurrence was very low, regardless of whether the patients received surgery with the classic or congruent arc technique.
Clinical and molecular characterization of individuals with recurrent genomic disorder at 10 q 22 . 3 q 23

The identification of genomic imbalances in young patients can affect medical management by allowing early intervention for developmental delay and by identifying patients at risk for unexpected medical complications. Using a 105K-feature oligonucleotide array, we identified a 7.25 Mb deletion at 10q22.3q23. 2 in six unrelated patients. Deletions of this region have been described in individuals with cognitive and behavioral abnormalities, including autistic features, and may represent a recurring genetic syndrome. All four patients in this study for whom clinical information was available had mild dysmorphic features and three had developmental delay. Of note is the emerging clinical phenotype in these individuals with similar dysmorphic features such as macrocephaly, hypertelorism, and arachnodactyly, and neurodevelopmental delay that includes failure to thrive, hypotonia, and feeding difficulties in the neonatal period, and receptive and expressive language delay with global neurodevelopmental delay after the neonatal period. However, there is no pattern of abnormalities, craniofacial, behavioral, or otherwise, that would have aroused clinical suspicion of a specific syndrome. Finally, the patients’ deletions encompass BMPR1A but not PTEN, and these patients may be at risk for colon cancer and should be referred for appropriate prophylactic care and surveillance. Of the two patients in this study who had colonoscopy following the array results, neither had polyps. Therefore, the magnitude of the increased risk for colon cancer is currently unknown. S Allimana, J Coppingera, J Marcadierb, H Thiesec, P Brockd, S Shafere, C Weavere, A Asamoahd, K Leppigc, S Dyackb,f, B Morashg, R Schultza, BS Torchiaa, AN Lamba and BA Bejjania
A Diachronic Overview of Mobile Learning: A Shift Toward Student-Centered Pedagogies

This chapter provides a brief historical overview of the technology contributing to mobile learning (mLearning) and the concomitant progression towards student-centred pedagogies. To begin, mLearning is defined. The theoretical, pedagogical and conceptual underpinnings of it are then explained, with a focus on the technologies and the pedagogies of each decade, from the 1970s and Kay’s futuristic vision of a mobile learning device, to today’s mobile learning technologies that have surpassed Kay’s vision.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of jasmonate ZIM domain gene family in tuber mustard (Brassica juncea var. tumida)

Tuber mustard, which is the raw material of Fuling pickle, is a crop with great economic value. However, during growth and development, tuber mustard is frequently attacked by the pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae and frequently experiences salinity stress. Jasmonic acid (JA) is a hormone related to plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Jasmonate ZIM domain proteins (JAZs) are crucial components of the JA signaling pathway and play important roles in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress. To date, no information is available about the characteristics of the JAZ family genes in tuber mustard. Here, 38 BjJAZ genes were identified in the whole genome of tuber mustard. The BjJAZ genes are located on 17 of 18 chromosomes in the tuber mustard genome. The gene structures and protein motifs of the BjJAZ genes are conserved between tuber mustard and Arabidopsis. The results of qRT-PCR analysis showed that BjuA030800 was specifically expressed in root, and BjuA007483 was specifically expressed in leaf. In addition, 13 BjJAZ genes were transiently induced by P. brassicae at 12 h, and 7 BjJAZ genes were induced by salt stress from 12 to 24 h. These results provide valuable information for further studies on the role of BjJAZ genes in the regulation of plant growth and development and in the response to biotic and abiotic stress.
The Effect of Endophytic Bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Salicylic Acid on Some Resistance and Quality Traits of Stored Solanum tuberosum L. Tubers Infected with Fusarium Dry Rot

The effect of endophytic Bacillus subtilis (strains 10-4, 26D) and their compositions with salicylic acid (SA) on some resistance and quality traits of stored potatoes infected with Fusarium dry rot were studied. The experiments were carried out on hydroponically grown Solanum tuberosum L. tubers that were infected before storage with Fusarium oxysporum and coated with B. subtilis 10-4, 26D with and without exogenous SA, and then stored for six months. It has been shown that 10-4, 26D, 10-4 + SA, and 26D + SA reduced in different levels (up to 30–50%) the incidence of F. oxysporum-caused dry rot (with the highest effect for 10-4 + SA). SA notably enhanced the positive effect of 10-4, while for 26D, such an effect was not observed. All of the tested treatments increased amylase (AMY) and AMY inhibitors activity in infected tubers, while decreased Fusarium-induced protease activity (except in the case of 10-4 + SA, which promoted a slight increase) was revealed. 10-4, 26D, and their compositions with SA decreased (in different degrees) the pathogen-caused lipid peroxidation, proline, and reducing sugars accumulation in potatoes after long-term storage. It was also discovered 10-4 and 26D, regardless of SA presence, decrease pathogen-induced glycoalkaloids α-Solanine and α-Chaconine accumulation and preserved increased levels of starch and total dry matter in infected stored potatoes. The findings indicate endophytic B. subtilis and its compositions with SA is a promising eco-friendly and bio-safe approach to cope with postharvest decays of potato during long-term storage; however, when developing preparations-compositions it should take into account the strain-dependent manner of B. subtilis action together with SA.