Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consumer online shopping behavior affected by influencer marketing - with a focus on sustainability

The purpose of this case study is to gain knowledge about the clothing business online and how the influencer marketing affects consumers’ online shopping behavior and purchase decisions. How the marketing methods that influencers use on social media channels are perceived, is interesting for this study, to be able to understand what responsibility and power the influencers possess and what responsibility lies on the consumers. How consumers are influenced on social media and how they think about the sustainability angle is the second research part of the study. Sustainable fashion and sustainable influencer marketing is the third research area of this study. There is a need to understand how consumers perceive their online shopping behavior due to influencer marketing, and how influencers can work in a more sustainable way when promoting clothes online and in their work overall to build a more sustainable future for the clothing business. Consumer shopping behavior online, influencer marketing, sustainable fashion and sustainable influencer marketing are referred to in the theoretical framework. A qualitative method is used to collect data through semi-structured focus group interviews with consumers of different ages between 16-31, and semi-structured interviews with two influencers in Finland, Alexa Aavarinne and Michelle Blomqvist. The study shows that consumers are affected by influencer marketing more strongly if they are younger, but all respondents are affected by influencer marketing in some way. They have, because of that, purchased many clothing products online. Sometimes these purchases have been impulse purchases and the consumers have frequently returned items that they have bought online. Many influencers tend to work in a real and trustworthy way to succeed, and they are focusing on giving a genuine picture of themselves and their thoughts and opinions about the products they represent and promote. Some influencers also work with and think about sustainability issues. There is a need for better transparency in the fashion business overall, and it’s important to gain more knowledge about how much the consumer online shopping behavior affects the environment. Demanding more sustainably produced products is needed, but the study showed that the responsibility for this lies on the consumers.
Stimuli-responsive thiol-epoxy networks with photo-switchable bulk and surface properties

In the present work, the versatile nature of o-nitrobenzyl chemistry is used to alter bulk and surface properties of thiol-epoxy networks. By introducing an irreversibly photocleavable chromophore into the click network, material properties such as wettability, solubility and crosslink density are switched locally by light of a defined wavelength. The synthesis of photo-responsive thiol-epoxy networks follows a photobase-catalyzed nucleophilic ring opening of epoxy monomers with photolabile o-nitrobenzyl ester (o-NBE) groups across multi-functional thiols. To ensure temporal control of the curing reaction, a photolatent base is employed releasing a strong amidine-type base upon light exposure, which acts as an efficient catalyst for the thiol epoxy addition reaction. The spectral sensitivity of the photolatent base is extended to the visible light region by adding a selected photosensitizer to the resin formulation. Thus, in the case of photoactivation of the crosslinking reaction the photorelease of the base does not interfere with the absorbance of the o-NBE groups. Once the network has been formed, the susceptibility of the o-NBE groups towards photocleavage reactions is used for a well-defined network degradation upon UV exposure. Sol–gel analysis evidences the formation of soluble species, which is exploited to inscribe positive tone micropatterns by photolithography. Along with the localized tuning of network structure, the irreversible photoreaction is exploited to change the surface wettability of thiol-epoxy networks. The contact angle of water significantly decreases upon UV exposure due to the photo-induced formation of hydrophilic cleavage products enabling the inscription of domains with different surface wettability by photolithography.
Effect Of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) Extract To Histamine Content In Bullet Tuna (Auxis rochei)

The research to determine histamine content in bullet of tuna (Auxis rochei) with variation of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) extract concentrations and time of marinate has been done. The histamine content is determined quantitatively by using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer with the calibration curve method. The result showed that histamine content in bullet tuna marinated in tamarind extract with varied concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% within 10 minutes, are 37.4561, 35.3041, 23.8778, and 22.1186 mg/100 g respectively. While, the concentrations of histamine in bullet tuna marinated in 20% of tamarind extract with variation of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 minutes, are 22.2965, 19.7544, 17.6925, 11.5865, and 8.0396 mg/100 g respectively. A qualitatively, visual comparison of colour intensity of samples with reference colour scale of the standard solution concentration can be used to determine concentrations of histamine without the aid of a spectrophotometer.
Investigation of the dynamic changes in the chemical constituents of Chinese “Laba” garlic during traditional processing

“Laba” garlic is a famous traditional garlic product, particularly popular with the people in Northern China. The processing time plays an important role on the chemical constituents of “Laba” garlic. Here, we investigated the composition of “Laba” garlic during traditional processing using a non-targeted metabolomics approach. Through using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) with multivariate analysis, a total of 20 volatile metabolites, 16 primary metabolites and 15 phenolic compounds were identified as notable changed compounds due to the traditional processing (p < 0.05). The characteristic flavor of “Laba” garlic was formed mainly by the decreased content of organosulfur compounds and the increased content of non-organosulfur compounds. In addition, this study also proposed the metabolic pathway of primary metabolites and phenolic compounds in garlic samples during processing. Most primary metabolites including lactic acid, isocitric acid, l-leucine, l-proline, d-fructose, d-glucose and erythritol increased from day 3, and reached the maximum level at day 12, which were thought to be the foundation for the sweet and sour taste of “Laba” garlic. Although the concentration of the 15 phenolic compounds from day 3 to day 42 was notably higher than the raw garlic (0 day), the antioxidant activities showed a decreasing trend from day 0 to day 28. The correlation analysis result revealed that notable positive associations were presented between organosulfur compounds, organic acids, amino acids and antioxidant activities. Furthermore, day 12 was found to be the most suitable time to obtain the “Laba” garlic considering its colour, flavor, taste and physiological function. These results are helpful in comprehending metabolism changes and physiological function of “Laba” garlic traditional processing.
A study of flavonols in bok choy and their anti-cancer properties

Phytochemicals are defined as biologically active, non-nutrient (i.e. not essential for the maintenance of life), plant compounds. They are present in all fruits, vegetables, grains, and other plant foods, and have been shown to be beneficial to human health. Flavonols are a group of phytochemicals present in a variety of different vegetables including broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, kale and bok choy. Flavonols have been shown to exhibit powerful antioxidant activity as well as possess potential protective properties against certain cancers. The aim of this research was to measure the levels of the major flavonols in bok choy and to assess the antiproliferative activity of crude bok choy extracts, selected fractions, and individual flavonol compounds on human colon cancer cells (HT-29) in vitro. The flavonol composition of three bok choy cultivars (Sumo, Karate, and Miyako) was determined after acid hydrolysis by HPLC-PDA/ESI-MSn . Kaempferol (85.5 – 122 mg/100 g DW), isorhamnetin (38.3 – 66.7 mg/100 g DW), and quercetin (10 – 20.6 mg/100 g DW) were the main flavonols present. The Miyako variety contained the highest levels of both quercetin and isorhamnetin, however, the levels of kaempferol were comparable in all three cultivars. The total flavonol aglycone content in the three bok choy cultivars did not vary significantly (183.3 mg/100 g DW, 159.9 mg/100 g DW, and 197.3 mg/100 g DW for Sumo, Karate, and Miyako respectively), therefore, no conclusions were made as to whether one bok choy cultivar may contain more health-promoting flavonols than another. Several glycoside and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives of quercetin, isorhamnetin, and kaempferol were identified in the alkaline and hydroalcoholic bok choy extracts by HPLCPDA/ESI-MSn . Two flavonol-3-sophoroside-7-glucosides and three flavonol-3,7-diglucosides were identified in the bok choy after alkaline hydrolysis, and six complex flavonol glycosidehydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, two flavonol di-glycosides, and one flavonol mono-glucoside were identified in the hydroalcoholic extracts. Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-glucoside was purified by preparative HPLC and SPE and fully characterised by NMR, UV and MSn . The ability of crude bok choy extracts, selected fractions, and individual flavonol compounds to inhibit cell proliferation of the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, HT-29, in vitro was assessed using the MTT assay. The antiproliferative effects on HT-29 cells was evident for all extracts/fractions/compounds examined, however, the crude bok choy extracts were found to be the most potent. The IC50 values for the three bok choy cultivars ranged between 1.58 – 4.01 mg/L after 72 hours of exposure. Preliminary results suggested that bok choy has the potential to positively influence human health, both from a chemopreventive perspective as well as a chemotherapeutic.
Learning opportunities: Understanding farmers’ soil testing practice through workshop activities to improve extension support for soil health management

This paper examines the potential for extension providers to identify learning opportunities by intentionally surveying farmers attending soil testing workshops designed to improve soil health and its management. In south‐eastern Australia, regional government agencies have been running soil health workshops since 2014, yet they have rarely surveyed the participants to understand their previous experience or learning needs, and how that may inform their design. The workshop consisted of two sessions, separated by 6 weeks. Farmers at the first Session were told how to undertake soil measurements. At the second Session, they then discussed their soil test results. The workshop participants (n = 87) at four different localities in the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales were surveyed (68% response rate) at each session. Firstly, to examine their prior knowledge and experience of soil testing, and secondly on how they applied what they had learnt, examine if the soil test results matched their expectations, and their influence in land management decisions. The survey revealed to regional government agencies that the majority of survey respondents (62%) would soil test again. Despite more than half of the respondents infrequently or never having their soil tested, prior to the workshop, 50% indicated that the test results were unexpected. The motivation for those farmers who would soil test again was the specific desire to identify their soil's potential for improved production. The survey provided a way of profiling the workshop audience and obtaining important feedback on how to improve the impact of the workshops for participants.
Advances in fixed-bed reactor modeling using particle-resolved computational fluid dynamics (CFD)

Abstract In 2006, Dixon et al. published the comprehensive review article entitled “Packed tubular reactor modeling and catalyst design using computational fluid dynamics. ” More than one decade later, many researchers have contributed to novel insights, as well as a deeper understanding of the topic. Likewise, complexity has grown and new issues have arisen, for example, by coupling microkinetics with computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In this review article, the latest advances are summarized in the field of modeling fixed-bed reactors with particle-resolved CFD, i.e. a geometric resolution of every pellet in the bed. The current challenges of the detailed modeling are described, i.e. packing generation, meshing, and solving with an emphasis on coupling microkinetics with CFD. Applications of this detailed approach are discussed, i.e. fluid dynamics and pressure drop, dispersion, heat and mass transfer, as well as heterogeneous catalytic systems. Finally, conclusions and future prospects are presented.
Properties of Natural Rubber Biocomposities Filled with Alkaline Modified Oat Straw

Novel elastomer biocomposites based on straw fibers (raw or chemically modified) as reinforcing elements of natural rubber (NR) were reported and studied. Oat straw fibres with different average lengths were used. Lignocellulose materials were incorporated into the elastomer, before and after chemical surface modification involving sodium hydroxide. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and microscopy techniques were employed for characterization of fillers. The kinetics of rubber mixtures, as well as rheometric properties of compounds were determined. The cross-linking density was executed on the basis of equilibrium solventswelling measurements applying the modified Flory–Rehner equation. The morphology of biocomposites samples was analyzed by a scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical characteristic: the values of hardness, tensile strength and attenuation coefficient were also determined. The physical and chemical investigations have proved the reinforcing effect of treated oat straw on natural rubber vulcanizates.
Influence of inoculum size, CO2 concentration and LEDs on the growth of green microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow

Green microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis is best known for astaxanthin production. The cultivation of H. pluvialis involves two main phases, namely green vegetative stage and cyst stage with astaxanthin accumulation. In fact, the growth of H. pluvialis in the vegetative stage is one of the most important parts in the entire cultivation process. The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of temperature, inoculum size, CO2 concentration and light emitting diodes (LEDs) on the specific growth rate, cell density and dry weight of H. pluvialis in the vegetative stage. Results indicated that the temperature from 25 to 280C and the inoculum size from 3×104 cells.ml-1 were suitable for the growth of the studied strain. Illumination with red light LEDs (630 nm) at 80 μE. m-2.s-1, the highest specific growth rate (μ) was 0.197 day-1 and the maximal density was of 2.87×105 cells.ml-1. A concentration of 5% CO2 (v/v) was the optimal dose for the growth of this strain. Under the condition of both 5% CO2 and illumination with red light LEDs at 80 μE. m-2.s-1, the specific growth rate was 0.242 day-1 and the cell density was 4.28×105cells.ml-1. Illumination with only blue LEDs (430 nm) at 120 μE. m-2.s-1 stimulated the astaxanthin accumulation with a maximum content at 2.36 μg. ml-1.
Defatted Soy Flour Substitution in Phenol Formaldehyde and Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate Wood Adhesives and their Curing Kinetic Behavior

ii Acknowledgments. vi List of Tables . xiv List of Figures . xv List of Abbreviations . xxi Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Background . 3 Phenol Formaldehyde . 4 Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate . 6 Soy Products . 12 Adhesion theory . 17 Pressing theory . 22 Contact angle and resin spread . 24 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) . 24 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). 26
Approaching 23% with large‐area monoPoly cells using screen‐printed and fired rear passivating contacts fabricated by inline PECVD

We present n‐type bifacial solar cells with a rear interfacial SiOx/n+:poly‐Si passivating contact (‘monoPoly’ cells) where the interfacial oxide and n+:poly‐Si layers are fabricated using an industrial inline plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) tool. We demonstrate outstanding passivation quality with dark saturation current density (J0) values of approximately 3 fA/cm2 and implied open‐circuit voltage (iVoc) of 730 mV at 1‐sun conditions after firing in an industrial belt furnace. Using a simple solar cell process flow that can be easily adapted for mass production, a peak cell efficiency of 22.8% with a cell open circuit voltage (Voc) of 696 mV is achieved on large‐area, screen‐printed, Czochralski‐silicon (Cz‐Si) solar cells using commercial fire‐through metal pastes.
1H NMR Relaxometric Analysis of Paramagnetic Gd2O3:Yb Nanoparticles Functionalized with Citrate Groups

Gd2O3 nanoparticles doped with different amount of Yb3+ ions and coated with citrate molecules were prepared by a cheap and fast co-precipitation procedure and proposed as potential “positive” contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging. The citrate was used to improve the aqueous suspension, limiting particles precipitation. The relaxometric properties of the samples were studied in aqueous solution as a function of the magnetic field strength in order to evaluate the interaction of the paramagnetic ions exposed on the surface with the water molecules in proximity. The nanoparticles showed high relaxivity values at a high magnetic field with respect to the clinically used Gd3+-chelates and comparable to those of similar nanosytems. Special attention was also addressed to the investigation of the chemical stability of the nanoparticles in biological fluid (reconstructed human serum) and in the presence of a chelating agent.
Methods for Extraction of Muscle Proteins from Meat and Fish Using Denaturing and Nondenaturing Solutions

The objective of the present study was to test two extraction methods including solutions with different ionic strengths on the extraction and separation of the myofibrillar proteins from meat and fish muscles of different species. Meat samples from longissimus thoracis muscle of beef and lamb, pectoralis major muscle of chicken, and dorsal white muscle of fish from sole (Solea solea), European hake (Merluccius merluccius), and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were analyzed. The extraction method using nondenaturing solution led to a major extraction of high molecular-weight proteins as myosin heavy chain, α-actinin, and desmin; on the contrary, the denaturing method provided a good protein extractability of proteins and fragments with low molecular-weight as actin, troponin-T, tropomyosin, and myosin light chain 1 and 2 proteins for the most meat and fish samples. The nondenaturing extraction method showed several advantages resulting in time and labour saving and in minimizing the use of toxic and polluting agents.
IN VITRO PHARMACOLOGICAL SCREENING METHODS FOR ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS

Context: The development of in vitro methods is important in drug discovery process due to the restriction of animal use in the pharmacological screening process.Objective: The objective of the review was to understand the in vitro pharmacological screening methods for anti-inflammatory agents.Methods: The present review details various in vitro methods available for the screening of activity of therapeutic agents against inflammation.Results: Inhibition and measurement of nitric oxide production, mast cell degranulation, leukocyte adhesion assay, platelet-neutrophil adhesion assay, lipopolysaccharide-induced response assay, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-induced O2 generation by polymorphonuclear cells, and cyclooxygenase assays are discussed in this review.Conclusions: These methods help to understand the real mechanism of inflammation and mediators involved in this process and help toidentify new compounds possessing the anti-inflammatory activity.
Cationic Gemini Surfactants with a Bipyridyl Spacer as Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel

In this work, cationic Gemini surfactants with different alkyl chain lengths (n = 8, 10, and 12) and a bipyridyl spacer were synthesized and tested as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in 1 M HCl solution. The corrosion inhibition efficiency was determined by weight loss measurement, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results showed that such three inhibitors could effectively inhibit the corrosion of carbon steel in 1 M HCl solution, especially at their low concentrations, while the carbon chain length of Geminis used played a negligible role in the inhibition efficiency. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analysis observations demonstrated the formation of a protective inhibitor layer on the carbon steel surface. Additionally, the adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on the carbon steel surface was found to obey the Langmuir isotherm.
Directed Growth of Dendritic Polymer Networks for Organic Electrochemical Transistors and Artificial Synapses

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are an emerging class of devices which operate in electrolytic solution and show controllable memory effects. For these reasons, OECT hold great potential for applications in bioelectronics and neuromorphic computing. Among the methods proposed to fabricate OECT channels, electropolymerization stands out because it allows to produce electrical connections on the substrates on‐demand and further modify them to adjust their electrical properties to meet circuit requirements. However, the practical application of this method is hampered by the difficulty in controlling the growth direction as well as the morphology of the film, resulting in a large device‐to‐device variability and limiting the down‐scaling of the devices. In this study, AC‐electropolymerization is proposed to produce directionally controlled channels. The method allows to adjust physical properties such as resistance and capacitance by varying the polymerization parameters, such as voltage, frequency, and salt concentration. The growth mechanism, material morphology, and network topology is investigated, and the advantages of this approach by showing tunable neuromorphic features and the possibility to scale down the channels to the micrometer scale is demonstrated.