Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Scale Hierarchical CRF for Railway Electrification Asset Classification From Mobile Laser Scanning Data

A network of railway infrastructure is one of the most critical infrastructure assets for supporting the national economy and sustainable mobility. Safe and reliable maintenance of railway infrastructure is critical to ensure that rail systems run safely and punctually. Such maintenance requires regular surveying of railway assets, which typically relies on time-consuming and error-prone labor-centric visual inspection. In this paper, we propose a novel supervised method for automatically classifying electrification assets of railway networks using mobile laser scanning data. A hierarchical Conditional Random Field (CRF) was investigated in order to apply both smoothness constraint and spatial regularities, to improve the classification result made by local supervised classifiers. We use a multi-scale line representation of original data, which implicitly combines object geometry cues and makes computation efficient. Our approach focuses on learning the spatial regularities at multiple representation scales to thoroughly understand the railway electrification scene. The spatial regularities are formulated as relative spatial location in a middle range for different line primitive scales and relative displacement in a full range for the final coarsest line primitive scale. The experiment shows that learnt spatial regularities at full range with multi-scales can outperform the model with spatial regularities at limited local ranges.
The morphology, kinematics and metallicity of blue-core galaxies

We select 107 blue-core galaxies from the MaNGA survey, studying their morphology, kinematics as well as the gas-phase metallicity. Our results are as follows: (i) In our sample, 26% of blue-core galaxies have decoupled gas-star kinematics, indicating external gas accretion; 15% have bar-like structure and 8% show post-merger features, such as tidal tails and irregular gas/star velocity field. All these processes/features, such as accreting external misaligned gas, interaction and bar, can trigger gas inflow. Thus the central star-forming activities lead to bluer colors in their centers (blue-core galaxies). (ii) By comparing with the SDSS DR7 star-forming galaxy sample, we find that the blue-core galaxies have higher central gas-phase metallicity than what is predicted by the local mass-metallicity relation. We explore the origin of the higher metallicity, finding that not only the blue-core galaxies, but also the flat-gradient and red-core galaxies all have higher metallicity. This can be explained by the combined effect of redshift and galaxy color.
Asymptotics of bond yields and volatilities for extended CIR models under the real-world measure

ABSTRACT The Cox–Ingersoll–Ross CIR short rate model is a mean-reverting model of the short rate which, for suitably chosen parameters, permits closed-form valuation formulae of zero-coupon bonds and options on zero-coupon bonds. This article supplies proofs of the formulae for the expected present value of payoffs under the real-world probability measure, known as actuarial valuation. Importantly, we give formulae for asymptotic levels of bond yields and volatilities for extended CIR models when suitable conditions are imposed on the model parameters.
Design and implementation of microstrip rotman lens for ISM band applications

This work presents the design and implementation of Rotman lens as a beam steering device for Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) applications. 2.45 GHz is considered as a center frequency design with (2-6) GHz frequency bandwidth. The beam steering is examined to cover ±21o scan angle with maximum main lobe magnitude 10.1 dBi, rectangular patch antennas are used as radiation elements to beam the output far field. The work is extended to compare between the tapered line which is used for matching between 50-Ω ports and lens cavity. CST microwave simulation studio results show that the rectangular taper line can yield 2 dB return loss less than linear taper line with a little bit shifting in responses for same input and load impedance.
Broadband passive nonlinear acoustic diode

In dynamical and acoustical systems, breaking reciprocity is achievable by employing external biases, spatial temporal variations of material properties, or nonlinearities. In this present work, we propose, theoretically analyze, and experimentally demonstrate the ﬁrst passive broad-band mechanical diode, by adding an asymmetric local nonlinear interface to an otherwise linear wave-guide. It is shown that for a broad range of input energies and frequencies, three diﬀerent types of non-reciprocal behaviors are obtained, i) diﬀerent transmitted energies depending on the direction of wave propagation, ii) transmission of acoustic waves allowed in one direction but not in the reverse direction, and iii) arrest of propagating waves at the nonlinear interface only in one (preferred) direction. A unique feature of the proposed acoustic device compared to previous designs, is its capability to achieve passive non-reciprocity without altering or distorting the frequency content of the sending signal. The proposed system can pave the way for designing passive acoustic or thermal diodes, and adaptable non-reciprocal wave transmission devices of enhanced robustness that are tunable with, and passively adaptive to energy.
Seismic Time-Frequency Analysis Based on Entropy-Optimized Paul Wavelet Transform

A new method of time-frequency analysis called the entropy-optimized Paul wavelet transform (WT) (EOPWT), is carried out with the use of Paul wavelet-based continuous WT (CWT) on seismic data with the help of the Rényi entropy measurement. Despite its complicated formulation and not being physically intuitive, we extend the parameter definition of Paul wavelet to the real-valued domain, where we demonstrate its superiority over commonly used wavelet functions because of its flexibility in controlling the time-frequency resolution. It can be even regarded as a generalized waveform or an alternative choice with respect to both Ricker and Morlet wavelets. Synthetic seismic trace analysis shows that EOPWT objectively produces a more compact representation of time-frequency localization than other conventional tools in capturing the nonlinear and nonstationary features of input signals. It also offers new possibilities in yielding more reliable seismic attributes in the field of reservoir characterization. We implement spectral decomposition using the proposed method upon a data set from a deeply buried carbonate gas reservoir in southwestern China. Combining the energy absorption analysis method, we obtain the attenuation gradient attribute section indicating gas accumulation. The field data example demonstrates the effectiveness of direct hydrocarbon detection using EOPWT.
Alternate PCM with air cavities in LED heat sink for transient thermal management

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to optimize the configuration of a heat sink with phase change material for improving the cooling performance of light emitting diodes (LED). Design/methodology/approach A numerical three-dimensional time-dependent model is developed with COMSOL Multiphysics to simulate the phase change material melting process during both the charging and discharging period. Findings The model is validated with previously published works. It found a good agreement. The difference between filled cavities with phase change materials (PCM) and alternate cavities air-PCM is discussed. The last-mentioned showed a good ability for reducing the junction temperature during the melting time. Three cases of this configuration having the same total volume of PCM but a different number of cavities are compared. The case of ten fins with five PCM cavities is preferred because it permit a reduction of 21 per cent of the junction temperature with an enhancement ratio of 2:4. The performance of this case under different power input is verified. Originality/value The use of alternate air-PCM cavities of the heat sink. The use of PCM in LED to delay the peak temperature in the case of thermal shock (for example, damage of fan) An amount of energy is stored in the LED and it is evacuated to the ambient of the accommodation by the cycle of charging and discharging established (1,765 Joule stored and released each 13 min with 1 LED chip of 5 W).
Two-way Gaussian quantum cryptography against coherent attacks in direct reconciliation

We consider the two-way quantum cryptographic protocol with coherent states assuming direct reconciliation. A detailed security analysis is performed considering a two-mode coherent attack, that represents the residual eavesdropping once the parties have reduced the general attack by applying symmetric random permutations. In this context we provide a general analytical expression for the keyrate, discussing the impact of the residual two-mode correlations on the security of the scheme. In particular we identify the optimal eavesdropping against two-way quantum communication, which is given by a two-mode coherent attack with symmetric and separable correlations.
Coordinated control of wind power and energy storage

English) Nowadays, wind power has become one of the fastest growing sources of electricity in the world. Due to the inherent variability and uncertainty, wind power integration into the grid brings challenges for power systems, particularly when the wind power penetration level is high. The challenges exist in many aspects, such as reliability, power quality and stability. With the rapid development of energy storage technology, the application of Energy Storage System (ESS) is considered as an effective solution to handle the aforementioned challenges. The main objective of this study is to investigate the coordinated control of wind power and ESS. Due to the different technical characteristics, such as power and energy density, ESS can play different roles either in generation-side, grid-side or demand side. This thesis focuses on the following two scenarios: • Scenario 1: As a part of wind farm, the ESS plays a generation-side role which aims to improve the grid-friendliness of the wind farm. • Scenario 2: As a part of microgrid, the ESS is used to efficiently accommodate the wind power fluctuation. Around the main objective, the relevant research fields including the wind turbine modeling and control, wind farm modeling and control, planning of ESS are also studied in this thesis. The implementation and validation of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) generic Type 1A are presented in this thesis. It is shown that the
Design and Development of Low-Profile Multi-Band Antenna Fed by SIW Cavity Resonator Using Twin Apertures

Abstract A novel design of compact, linearly polarized and low-profile planar antenna which is electrified by Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) resonator has been developed for multi-band applications of X-band spectrum. Radiating patch has been excited through two closely spaced longitudinal apertures of identical length but non-identical width, incorporated in SIW resonator. These apertures are responsible for multiple operating bands. The achieved fractional bandwidths are 1.29 %, 0.49 % and 1.60 % having resonant frequencies at 10.07 GHz, 10.85 GHz and 11.82 GHz respectively for |S11| ≤ -10 dB. The measured peak gain for first, second and third operating band is 6.54 dB, 6.86 dB and 7.68 dB respectively. The proposed antenna is a highly selective antenna for various applications of X-band microwave spectrum. This band has been particularly selected for military communication because it provides a trade-off between the characteristics (i. e. interference and rain resilience, data rates and remote coverage) of different frequency bands which are particularly suited to the needs of military users. It is very much suitable for secure communication i. e. to deny unauthorized access to sensitive unclassified information and prevent disruption of telecommunication. A comparative analysis of antenna’s parameters has been examined by Ansys HFSS and results are verified through experimental outcomes.
Design and Study the Effect of Switching in Microstrip Patch Antenna for Cognitive Radio Applications

Design of microstrip antenna having switches for accomplishing frequency reconfigurability is proposed. The proposed design is having six resonating frequency bands between 3.34GHz to 3.67GHz which were achieved by using different switching configurations. Switches were assumed as ideal so as to study the simulated results of the antenna . The antenna design was made on the FR4 substrate having height of 1.6mm. The overall size of the antenna is 39×40mm2. Simulated results are utilized to validate performance of antenna. The radiation pattern, return loss and measured bandwidth are presented in the paper. Simulated results presented in this paper make the antenna are appropriate for applications such as cognitive radio which requires sensing of spectrum to use the bandwidth in an optimal manner.
Non-spreading matter-wave packets in a ring

Non-spreading wave packets and matter-wave packets in ring traps have both attracted great research interest for quite a long time due to their remarkable physical properties and intriguing applications. Here, we prove that there is only one set of non-spreading matter-wave packets in a free ring, and this set of wave packets has been found analytically. These non-spreading matter-wave packets can be realized in a toroidal trapped Bose–Einstein condensate system with the help of Feshbach resonance to eliminate contact interaction between atoms. Since experimentally residual interaction noise will always exist, its effect on the stability of these non-spreading wave packets is also examined. Qualitatively, under weak residual interaction noise, these non-spreading wave packets can preserve their shape for quite a long time, while a stronger interaction noise will induce shape breathing of the wave packets. The shape-keeping abilities of these wave packets are further studied quantitatively. We found that this set of wave packets has the same shape-keeping ability against interaction noise, and the shape-keeping ability is linearly related to the strength of the interaction noise.
Long-term timing of millisecond pulsars and gravitational wave detection

(Abridged) This thesis presents long-term timing results on 20 millisecond pulsars (MSPs). It has been predicted that such timing may detect gravitational waves (GWs) - a major (but untested) prediction of general relativity. Our results demonstrate that most of the investigated MSPs have sufficient stability to enable such detection experiments. Furthermore, the timing data of the brightest few sources shows that timing at sub-100 ns precision may be achievable and that, therefore, GW detection within the next decade is likely. Finally, we use our data to place a strong limit on the strength of a predicted background of GWs.
What obscures low-X-ray-scattering active galactic nuclei?

X-ray surveys have revealed a new class of active galactic nuclei (AGN) with a very low observed fraction of scattered soft X-rays, f_scat < 0.5%. Based on X-ray modeling these "X-ray new-type", or low observed X-ray scattering (hereafter:"low-scattering") sources have been interpreted as deeply-buried AGN with a high covering factor of gas. In this paper we address the questions whether the host galaxies of low-scattering AGN may contribute to the observed X-ray properties, and whether we can find any direct evidence for high covering factors from the infrared (IR) emission. We find that X-ray low-scattering AGN are preferentially hosted by highly-inclined galaxies or merger systems as compared to other Seyfert galaxies, increasing the likelihood that the line-of-sight toward the AGN intersects with high columns of host-galactic gas and dust. Moreover, while a detailed analysis of the IR emission of low-scattering AGN ESO 103-G35 remains inconclusive, we do not find any indication of systematically higher dust covering factors in a sample of low-scattering AGN based on their IR emission. For ESO 103-G35, we constrained the temperature, mass and location of the IR emitting dust which is consistent with expectations for the dusty torus. However, a deep silicate absorption feature probably from much cooler dust suggests an additional screen absorber on larger scales within the host galaxy. Taking these findings together, we propose that the low f_scat observed in low-scattering AGN is not necessarily the result of circumnuclear dust but could originate from interference of host-galactic gas with a column density of the order of 10^22 cm^-2 with the line-of-sight. We discuss implications of this hypothesis for X-ray models, high-ionization emission lines, and observed star-formation activity in these objects.
Recognition and Translation for Chinese Names in Uighur Language

Name translation in the minority languages is still in its infancy.This paper presents a method for recognizing and translating Chinese Names in Uighur Language.In addition to using the traditional rule approach,we use Uighur and Chinese language models to recognize and translate Chinese names in Uighur Language.On this basis,we add the appropriate rules and algorithms to solve the problem of names with noun affixes and incomplete rules.This improves the accuracy of translation and the recall rate.We test the translation system with 1000 random sentences with Chinese names.The results show that the accuracy can reach 75.2% and the recall rate can reach 91.5%.
Distributed Formation Control of Nonholonomic Wheeled Mobile Robots Subject to Longitudinal Slippage Constraints

This paper investigates the distributed formation control problem of multiple nonholonomic wheeled mobile robots within real environments. The formation pattern of the system adopts leader–follower structure and the communication topology among the multirobot system is modeled by a directed graph. Slippage is hard to avoid due to the possible existence of ice, sand, or muddy roads. To overcome the effect of slippage, an adaptive trajectory tracking controller for leader robot is designed, such that the leader robot can keep up with the virtual reference trajectory and estimate the real value of unknown slipping ratio accurately. In addition, it is difficult for each follower robot to obtain leader’s states in a large formation system, so distributed formation controllers are designed based on distributed observers. It is shown that the proposed controllers can realize formation objective and overcome the slippage constraints at the same time. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed controllers is verified by simulation results.
Analytic family of post-merger template waveforms

Building on the analytical description of the post-merger (ringdown) waveform of coalescing, non-precessing, spinning, (BBHs) introduced in Phys. Rev. D 90, 024054 (2014), we propose an analytic, closed form, time-domain, representation of the $\ell=m=2$ gravitational radiation mode emitted after merger. This expression is given as a function of the component masses and dimensionless spins $(m_{1,2},\chi_{1,2})$ of the two inspiralling objects, as well as of the mass $M_{\rm BH}$ and (complex) frequency $\sigma_{1}$ of the fundamental quasi-normal mode of the remnant black hole. Our proposed template is obtained by fitting the post-merger waveform part of several publicly available numerical relativity simulations from the Simulating eXtreme Spacetimes (SXS) catalog and then suitably interpolating over (symmetric) mass ratio and spins. We show that this analytic expression accurately reproduces ($\sim$~0.01 rad) the phasing of the post-merger data of other datasets not used in its construction. This is notably the case of the spin-aligned run SXS:BBH:0305, whose intrinsic parameters are consistent with the 90\% credible intervals reported by the parameter-estimation followup of GW150914 in Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 (2016) no.24, 241102. Using SXS waveforms as "experimental" data, we further show that our template could be used on the actual GW150914 data to perform a new measure the complex frequency of the fundamental quasi-normal mode so to exploit the complete (high signal-to-noise-ratio) post-merger waveform.
Balkan and Mediterranean candidates for European Union membership: The convergence of their monetary policy with that of the European Central

The objective of the present invention is to offer an optical fiber strain-measuring apparatus, which allows the measurement of the strain at an arbitrary position within an optical fiber. An optical frequency conversion section 3 shifts, in a step-wise manner for prescribed frequencies, the frequencies of a continuous light emitted from a light source 1. A sound-light switch 4 coverts into pulses the continuous light forwarded from the optical frequency conversion section 3. When those light pulses are entered into a test optical fiber, back-scattered light is generated. An optical directional coupler 11 branches and forwards to an optical ring circuit and to an optical directional coupler 13 the back-scattered light. A photo-electric converter 14 receives employing heterodyne detection and converts into electric signals the synthesized light signals of the back-scattered light forwarded from the optical directional coupler 11 and the continuous light forwarded from the optical directional coupler 2. A signal processing section 18 reads at an arbitrary timing the electric signals, performs necessary processes, and obtains the amount of strain of the test optical fiber 7.
Pre and Post Silicon Validation Automation with Graphics Behavior Checker

Pre and Post silicon validation automation is used for testing graphics in the computers, tablets and smart phones. A graphics driver is software that allows operating system and programs to use computer graphics hardware. To test the performance of this display system pre and post silicon automation is used such that end users get the best high definition experience. Pre silicon automation is based on emulation of graphics hardware and testing on it before it is actually build. Post silicon automation is testing of actual graphics hardware after it has been manufacture. Post silicon automation works to detect and fix bugs in graphics hardware of the system after it has been manufacture. Due to complex design of the hardware it is impossible to fix all bugs before it is manufacture. Pre silicon automation is an attempt to rectify any bug that can occur before the manufacture of graphics hardware such that it is way to reduces number of cases of bugs in graphics hardware that can occur after it is produce. Graphic Behavior in which each section is to assigned team of architects and micro-architects whose expertise targets a particular functional area for both hardware and software. It is record of all information that is kept for registers used in any sequences such that all information generated after running from driver is used to cross verify.
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PEMILIHAN KONDISI TANAH TERBAIK UNTUK PERKEBUNAN DI DESA KEPUTRAN DENGAN METODE AHP

Lahan perkebunan merupakan lahan yang digunakan untuk perkebunan dengan menggunakan air secara terbatas dan biasanya hanya mengharapkan curah hujan dalam pengairannya. Namun, luas lahan yang digunakan mengalami penyusutan tiap tahunnya. Dinas Pertanian dan Perkebunan selaku instansi yang memberikan pengarahan dan penyuluhan perkebunan, dalam melaksanakan program pemerintah yang diharapkan mampu meningkatkan dan memaksimalkan mutu perkebunan. Ketergantungan pada impor diharapkan dapat dikurangi seiring dengan meningkatnya produktifitas lahan dan kualitas para petani. Permasalahan ini dapat diselesaikan dengan metode Analitycal Hierarchy Process. Metode AHP ini membantu memecahkan persoalan yang kompleks dengan menstruktur suatu hirarki kriteria, pihak yang berkepentingan, hasil dan dengan menarik berbagai pertimbangan guna mengembangkan bobot atau prioritas. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah suatu sistem pendukung keputusan yang dapat memebantu pihak terkait dalam menentukan efektifitas dalam memilih kondisi tanah terbaik untuk perkebunan.