Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First flight of the Gamma-Ray Imager/Polarimeter for Solar flares (GRIPS) instrument

The Gamma-Ray Imager/Polarimeter for Solar flares (GRIPS) instrument is a balloon-borne telescope designed to study solar- are particle acceleration and transport. We describe GRIPS's first Antarctic long-duration flight in January 2016 and report preliminary calibration and science results. Electron and ion dynamics, particle abundances and the ambient plasma conditions in solar flares can be understood by examining hard X-ray (HXR) and gamma-ray emission (20 keV to 10 MeV). Enhanced imaging, spectroscopy and polarimetry of are emissions in this energy range are needed to study particle acceleration and transport questions. The GRIPS instrument is specifically designed to answer questions including: What causes the spatial separation between energetic electrons producing hard X-rays and energetic ions producing gamma-ray lines? How anisotropic are the relativistic electrons, and why can they dominate in the corona? How do the compositions of accelerated and ambient material vary with space and time, and why? GRIPS's key technological improvements over the current solar state of the art at HXR/gamma-ray energies, the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI), include 3D position-sensitive germanium detectors (3D-GeDs) and a single-grid modulation collimator, the multi-pitch rotating modulator (MPRM). The 3D-GeDs have spectral FWHM resolution of a few hundred keV and spatial resolution <1 mm3. For photons that Compton scatter, usually ⪆150 keV, the energy deposition sites can be tracked, providing polarization measurements as well as enhanced background reduction through Compton imaging. Each of GRIPS's detectors has 298 electrode strips read out with ASIC/FPGA electronics. In GRIPS's energy range, indirect imaging methods provide higher resolution than focusing optics or Compton imaging techniques. The MPRM gridimaging system has a single-grid design which provides twice the throughput of a bi-grid imaging system like RHESSI. The grid is composed of 2.5 cm deep tungsten-copper slats, and quasi-continuous FWHM angular coverage from 12.5-162 arcsecs are achieved by varying the slit pitch between 1-13 mm. This angular resolution is capable of imaging the separate magnetic loop footpoint emissions in a variety of are sizes. In comparison, RHESSI's 35-arcsec resolution at similar energies makes the footpoints resolvable in only the largest ares.
New findings by high-order DNS for late flow transition in a boundary layer

This paper serves as a summary of new discoveries by DNS for late stages of flow transition in a boundary layer. The widely spread concept "vortex breakdown" is found theoretically impossible and never happened in practice. The ring-like vortex is found the only formexisting inside the flow field. The ring-like vortex formation is the result of the interaction between two pairs of counterrotating primary and secondary streamwise vortices. Following the first Helmholtz vortex conservation law, the primary vortex tube rolls up and is stretched due to the velocity gradient. In order to maintain vorticity conservation, a bridge must be formed to link two Λ-vortex legs. The bridge finally develops as a new ring. This process keeps going on to formamultiple ring structure. The U-shaped vortices are not new but existing coherent vortex structure. Actually, the U-shaped vortex, which is a third level vortex, serves as a second neck to supply vorticity to the multiple rings. The small vortices can be found on the bottom of the boundary layer near the wall surface. It is believed that the small vortices, and thus turbulence, are generated by the interaction of positive spikes and other higher level vortices with the solid wall. The mechanism of formation of secondary vortex, second sweep, positive spike, high shear distribution, downdraft and updraft motion, and multiple ring-circle overlapping is also investigated.
A Survey on Beamforming Techniques for Wireless MIMO Relay Networks

One of the major challenges the mobile broadband community faces is the exponential increase in mobile data traffic, even more so, for cell-edge users. Thus, in a multitier network, the demand for high-speed and interference-free transmission and reception is inevitable. Beamforming (BF) is an advanced technology that offers a significantly improved solution to reduce the interference levels and improve the system capacity. Accordingly, the establishment of relays in mobile data networks has emerged spectral efficiency enhancements and cell capacity gains from an overall system perspective. This paper provides a comprehensive survey focused on the performance of adopted beamforming technique on MIMO relay networks that is expected to overcome crucial obstacles in terms of capacity and interference. The main objective is to point out the state-of-the-art research activity on BF techniques in MIMO relay networks, under various network performance challenges. Thereby, it focuses on recently developed procedures for interference modeling and mitigation, BF channel modeling, channel estimation and feedback, complexity and power consumption, adaptive BF for multiuser relaying, degrees of freedom, diversity issues, and spectral efficiency, in cooperative and opportunistic systems. Different network topologies have been considered and categorized, pertaining the challenges of BF implementation in MIMO relay networks.
The 2005 Lawrence R. Klein Lecture: Emergent Class Structure

This article presents a model of the emergent class structure, in which a society inhabited by inherently identical households may be endogenously split into the rich bourgeoisie and the poor proletariat. For some parameter values, the model has no steady state where all households remain equally wealthy. In this case, the model predicts "emergent class structure" or "the rise of class societies". Even if every household starts with the same amount of wealth, the society will experience "symmetry-breaking" and will be polarized into two classes in steady state, where the rich maintain a high level of wealth partly due to the presence of the poor, who have no choice but to work for the rich at a wage rate strictly lower than the "fair" value of labor. The nonexistence of the equal steady state means that a one-shot redistribution of wealth would not be effective, as wealth inequality and the class structure would always reemerge. Thus, the class structure is an "inevitable" feature of capitalism. For other parameter values, on the other hand, the model has the unique steady state, which is characterized by perfect equality. In this case, the model predicts "dissipating class structure" or "the fall of class societies". Even if the society starts with significant wealth inequality, labor demand by the rich employers pushes up the wage rate so much that workers will escape from the poverty and eventually catch up with the rich, eliminating wealth inequality and the class structure in the long run. In an extension, we introduce self-employment, which not only provides the poor with an alternative to working for the rich, but also provides the rich with an alternative to investment that creates jobs. Due to this dual nature of self-employment, the effects of self-employment turn out to be quite subtle. Yet, within the present framework, it is possible to offer a complete characterization of the steady states even in the presence of self-employment. Copyright 2006 by the Economics Department Of The University Of Pennsylvania And Osaka University Institute Of Social And Economic Research Association.
Gösterişçi Tüketim ve Reklam İlişkisi: Akıllı Telefon Reklamları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Yasadigimiz cagda tuketim, temel ihtiyaclarin karsilanmasindan ote, kisilerin toplum icindeki konum ve statusunu belirleyen bir gosterge niteligindedir. Gunumuzde onemli tuketim metalarindan biri olan akilli telefonlar uzerine bir degerlendirme sunmayi amaclayan calisma ile akilli telefon reklamlari Veblen'in “gosterisci tuketim” teorisi baglaminda incelenmistir. Bu teoriye gore, tuketimin amaci sadece biyolojik ihtiyaclari tatmin etmek degildir ve gosteris amaci ile de tuketim yapilmaktadir; bu yonuyle tuketim, tuketicinin toplumsal statusunu gostermek gibi onemli bir fonksiyona da sahiptir. Calismada amacli orneklem ile secilen 3 televizyon reklam filmi nitel icerik analizi yontemi kullanilarak cozumlenmistir. Reklam metinlerinde sunulan yasam tarzlari, tuketime yonelik davranis kaliplari ve tuketiciye aktarilan tuketim degerleri incelenmistir. Reklam metinlerinde urun tanitimindan cok bir yasam tarzi sunumu yapildigi ve ‘teknolojik gelisme', ‘kuresel tuketim', farkli olma / ozel olma', ‘kullanilan urun sayesinde sosyal olma', ‘degisim' ve ‘bireysellik' gibi ortak degerlerin islendigi tespit edilirken, incelenen reklamlarda tuketim kulturu ideolojisinin yansimalari da gozlemlenmistir.
ANTIOXIDATIVE EFFECTS OF DIETARY BLACK MULBERRY (MORUS NIGRA) FRUIT JUICE IN MUSCOVY DUCKS UNDER HIGH AMBIENT TEMPERATURE

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the dietary mulberry (Morus Nigra) fruits juice as natural antioxidative additive given under high ambient temperature on their performance and some blood parameters of Muscovy ducks. The experiment was conducted for 8 weeks, using 100 Muscovy ducks, aged 21 days. The first group was fed the basal diets, while the diets of groups 2, 3 and 4 also thoroughly mixed with black mulberry fruits juice at a rate of 1, 2 and 4 %, respectively. Results showed that the average biweekly body weight gain, final weight, and feed conversion ratio were improved in mulberry juice groups compared to control group. The biweekly feed consumption was increased significantly with mulberry juice groups than control group. There were an improvement in the immune response of treated ducks, in terms of significant increases in WBCs count, Heterophils, Lymphocytes and serum globulin level in the experimental groups compared to control group. Blood glucose, HDL and GSH concentrations increased significantly in black mulberry juice groups compared with control group. But, creatinine, total lipid, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and MDA concentrations decreased in the experimental groups. Results indicated that slaughter weight, carcass and dressing percentage were increased significantly by mulberry juice groups, to reach (102.3, 105.2 and 109.2%); (102.9, 103.7 and 104.4%) and (102.9, 103.3 and 103.8%) of control, respectively. Liver, bursa and abdominal fat percentage were reduced significantly with the mulberry juice groups to reach (95.4, 99.0 and 92.4%), (95.4, 97.0 and 90.1%) and (97.1, 97.1 and 109.0%) of control group, respectively. It can be concluded that dietary black mulberry juice addition to high ambient temperature Muscovy ducks can reduce physiological strain, cholesterol level and oxidative effect.
The clustering of galaxies in the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: baryon acoustic oscillations in the correlation function of LOWZ and CMASS galaxies in Data Release 12

AJC and LV are supported by supported by the European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme FP7-IDEAS-Phys.LSS 240117. Funding for this work was partially provided by the Spanish MINECO under projects AYA2014-58747-P and MDM-2014-0369 of ICCUB (Unidad de Excelencia ‘Maria de Maeztu’). The Science, Technology and Facilities Council is acknowledged for support through the Survey Cosmology and Astrophysics consolidated grant, ST/I001204/1.
Measuring Ethno-Linguistic Affinity between Nations

Research on ethno-linguistic ties has so far mostly focused on domestic measures of ethno-linguistic heterogeneity. Little attention has been given to the possibility that ethno-linguistic relations between countries may affect out- comes, particularly in a spatial econometric context. In this paper, I propose a way of measuring Ethno-Linguistic Affinity between nations. This new index measures the degree of similarity two randomly drawn individuals from two different populations can be expected to display. I show that this measure has a number of attractive theoretical characteristics, which make it particularly useful and continue to actually construct such a measure for all countries in Africa. Finally, using this measure of Ethno-Linguistic Affinity, I show that civil conflict in Africa is likely to spill over between contiguous ethno-linguistically similar countries.
Socioeconomic Monitoring (SocMon) as a Tool in the Management of Marine Protected Areas: Participatory Process and Initial Survey Results in Binduyan Fish Sanctuary, Palawan, Philippines

Tools in the assessment of socioeconomic and governance factors for managing marine protected areas (MPAs) are continuously being developed. A standardized set of guidelines to conduct socioeconomic monitoring for collecting and analyzing socioeconomic was developed and dubbed as the Socioeconomic Monitoring Guidelines for Coastal Managers in Southeast Asia (SocMon SEA). SocMon SEA was employed to assess the dependence on marine resources, perceptions of resource conditions, perceived threats to marine resources and use levels at Binduyan Fish Sanctuary, a locally-managed MPA in Puerto Princesa City, Palawan Province, Philippines. Results of the survey indicate that almost half of its population is below 20 years old; nearly three quarters are migrants; a quarter reached high school level; and barely 12% belong to a stakeholder organization. These stakeholders perceived their natural resources to be in good condition. They also articulated their perceived threats related to cutting of mangroves, destructive fishing activities and pollution for beaches. These informative results indicate that SocMon SEA as a methodological tool was useful in generating relevant information in evaluating the current socioeconomic conditions in an MPA. Such demonstrates its potential for large-scale use in the Philippines and Southeast Asia due to its ease in field application and data analysis.
The Statistical Foundations of the Pilot Prediction System

Abstract : The Pilot Prediction System (PPS) is a research effort designed to provide Navy policy makers with improved access to selection and training data in the aviation community. One of its main features is the ability to make predictions about the future success of aviation candidates in flight training. The purpose of this report is to present in some detail the statistical foundations of this feature of the PPS. We first describe the rudiments of statistical decision theory. Such a theory allows us to make the very best decision possible when faced with the inherent uncertainty about what is actually going to take place in the future. The second pillar on which the PPS is built is the treatment of probability from the Bayesian perspective. Two technical appendices are included for the interested reader. The first contains a simplified proof of the Bayesian predictive density that allows the prediction algorithm in the PPS to be written in its most general form. The second shows an analytical solution derived from the theory developed in the first appendix justifying a practical approximation for predicting pass or fail during flight training.
LaNe RAGE: a new tool for genomic DNA flanking sequence determination

The determination of genomic DNA sequence flanking a known region is often problematic. Existing technologies depend on multiple, efficient enzyme-catalysed preparative processing steps and/or rely on relatively inefficient 'one-sided' PCR mechanisms. I demonstrate the application of a simple 'two-sided' PCR-based approach, lariat-dependent nested PCR for rapid amplification of genomic DNA ends (LaNe RAGE), applied to the mouse GAPDH and PGK1 gene flanking sequences. This demonstration offers great promise in applications such as genome walking, transposon mutagenesis mapping and DNA fingerprinting.
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Improves Data Quantity and Quality as Compared to Unit Mass Resolution Mass Spectrometry in High- Throughput Profiling Metabolomics

Metabolomics is a technique in which the small molecule component from a biological source material is analyzed for changes resulting from some set of test conditions. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) methods are commonly used because of the sensitivity and specificity of the data collected. The sensitivity of these methods permit the detection of a large number of small molecules, leading to greater coverage of the biochemical pathways involved in the system being tested. The success of metabolomic studies are partially reliant upon instrumentation, but to what extent? Here we present an evaluation of the analytical attributes of a high resolution accurate mass (HRAM) orbitrap based mass spectrometer compared to a unit mass resolution (UMR) ion-trap mass spectrometer as applied to high-throughput, non-targeted metabolomics. To carry out this evaluation, different sets of samples were analyzed and the data evaluated for analytical performance. Two dilution series of authentic standards demonstrated that the HRAM data stream improved the limit of detection from several fold to several orders of magnitude and showed an increased linear dynamic range of an order of magnitude over the UMR data stream. Analysis of a biological serum sample set demonstrated that the HRAM data stream enabled the detection of 118 additional named/known compounds, leading to the detection of 531 tier 1 and tier 2 identified compounds in human serum, with decreased process variability, increased consistency and accuracy of detection and integration.
Biological activity and phytochemical constituents of Tamarindus indica stem bark extracts

Tamarindus indica (L.), Leguminosae, is a plant mostly found and used medicinally in West Africa including Nigeria. The stem-bark powder of the plant was extracted with ethanol using percolation method and the extract was further fractionated in 50 ml each of chloroform and distilled water (1:1). The extract and fractions were tested for the presence of secondary metabolites using standard procedures. They were further tested for antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus using disc diffusion and broth dilution techniques. The results of phytochemical screening indicated the presence of secondary metabolites including alkaloids, glycosides, reducing sugars, tannins and saponins in ethanol extract and water fraction of the extract. Bioassay test results showed that K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus were sensitive to ethanol extract and water fraction of the plant with highest sensitivity to water fraction against E. coli (19 mm) at 125 μg/disc using disc diffusion test and having MIC and MBC values of 500 and 1000 μg/ml respectively. The plant extract and fraction were found to show inhibitory activity against the test isolates which may be related to the presence secondary metabolites, some of which are reported to be responsible for antimicrobial properties of medicinal plants. The results suggest that T. indica used in this study has the potential for the production of drugs against bacterial infections.
Automatically Generating Structural and Dynamic Information of OLAP Applications from Object-Oriented Conceptual Models

Graphical conceptual models for On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) applications should semiautomatically generate the database schema and the corresponding multidimensional (MD) model for a specific target commercial OLAP tool. However, this generation process is not immediate as the semantics represented by these conceptual models are different from those considered by the underlying MD models of OLAP tools. Therefore, some transformations for these differences are needed in this process. In the context of graphical conceptual models, we provide an object-oriented conceptual model that provides a Unified Modeling Language (UML) graphical notation to represent both structural and dynamics properties of MD models and initial user requirements at the conceptual level. In this paper, on one hand, we present how to semi-automatically generate the database schema and the underlying MD model for one of the most leading commercial OLAP tools from our model. In this process, some semantics represented in the model are transformed into those considered by the underlying MD model of the target OLAP tool. On the other hand, initial user requirements are translated into their corresponding definitions in the target OLAP tool. In this way, the final user is able to start the analysis process from the initial requirements specified at the conceptual level. Finally, we present the prototype of the Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tool that gives support to both the model definition and this generation process.
Helicobacter pylori and rheumatoid arthritis

The aim of the research was to evaluate a possible relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and rheumatoid arthritis. The presence of and sero-prevalence of IgG antibodies to H. pylori were determined in 59 Danish rheumatoid- arthritis patients. The sero-prevalence was compared to the prevalence of controls and the background population. H. pylori in infected and uninfected patients were compared with regards to clinical and demographic characteristics, and the extent of their inflammatory disease activity. H. pylori was found in 18 patients (31%). The sero-prevalence of H. pylori was 32%, non-significant to the prevalence of controls (36%), and of the background population (26%). H. pylori/HLO positive and H. pylori/HLO negative patients were similar with regards to clinical and demographic characteristics and inflammatory disease activity. Our results did not show an aetiologic relationship between H. pylori and rheumatoid arthritis, but further studies are needed to discard the hypothesis completely.
The Existence of Positive Solutions to Kirchhoff Type Equations in RN With Asymptotic Nonlinearity

In this paper, we are concerned with the following Kirchhoff problem ⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎩ ( a + λ ∫ RN (|∇u|2 + V(x)|u|2) ) [−Δu + V(x)u] = f (x, u), x ∈ RN , u ∈ H1(RN), u > 0, x ∈ RN , where N ≥ 3, a > 0 is a constant, λ > 0 is a parameter, the potential V(x) may not be radially symmetric and f (x, s) is asymptotically linear with respect to s at infinity. Under some assumptions on V and f , we prove the existence of a positive solution for λ small and the nonexistence result for λ large.