Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of cooperation: The analysis of the case wherein a different player has a different benefit and a different cost

The existence of cooperation demands explanation in terms of natural selection. Prisoner’s dilemma is a framework often used when studying the evolution of cooperation. In prisoner’s dilemma, most previous studies consider the situation wherein an individual who cooperates will give an opponent an amount b at a personal cost of c, where b > c > 0 while an individual who defects will give nothing. This model setting is convenient; however, previous studies have not considered the case wherein a different player has a different benefit and different cost while in reality, it is natural to consider that a different player has a different benefit and different cost. Here, we raise the following question: Taking that a different individual has a different benefit and a different cost into consideration, what strategy is likely to evolve? In this paper, we focus on the direct reciprocity and analyze the case wherein a different player has a different benefit and a different cost. We obtain the condition for the evolution in the general case. And in addition, we have revealed that under a specific condition as the interaction repeats longer and the benefit-to-cost ratio is larger and the cooperating probability is more sensitive to the benefit the opponent provides, the establishment of cooperation is more likely.
Proteomics & Bioinformatics

Mtr homology model requires structural refinement to erroneous regions that are not aligned correctly to the template. In this study, refinement methods: LM, MDS, 3Drefine, GalaxyRefine and FG-MD were compared. Errat plot showed a gradual increase in the overall quality factor of ~96% using LM, while there was abrupt increment of >90% for MDS, GalaxyRefine and FG-MD. In the case of LM, structure compatibility decreased to ~53%, whereas it increased to >74% in case of MDS and GalaxyRefine. Ramachandran plot showed residues in favoured region mobilized to allowed and outlier regions in LM, which led to an increased in 3.5% outlier residues. Similarly, 3Drefine and FG-MD also showed increase in outlier residues. In contrast, % residues available in favoured and outlier regions are observed to mobilize into allowed region in case of MDS and GalaxyRefine leading to decreased outlier residues. In addition, similarity score like RMSD, TM-score, MaxSub score and GDT-TS score were observed better in case of 3Drefine, GalaxyRefine and FG-MD. ProSA z-score also showed about -8 and stability in protein folds for MDS, 3Drefine, GalaxyRefine and FG-MD. The current study is a prototype which depicts comparison of used methods emphasizing MD-based techniques should be used for structural refinement.
Applying machine learning techniques for e-mail management: solution with intelligent e-mail reply prediction

In today’s world, much of our communication is done via e-mail. Many companies and internet users now view e-mail as one of their most critical personal and business applications and would experience serious consequences if their e-mail messages could not be available or experience high volume of messages which lead to congestions, overloads and limited storage space coupled with un-organized e-mail messages. A few years ago, the means of communication are via letter by post, telegraph, fax, couriers to mention a few but now the focus has changed to a faster means of obtaining quick responses and faster ways of communication, e-mails. We propose a new framework to help organised and prioritized e-mail better; e-mail reply prediction. The goal is to provide concise, highly structured and prioritized e-mails, thus saving the user from browsing through each email one by one and help to save time.
Tuning Optical Nonlinearity of Laser-Ablation-Synthesized Silicon Nanoparticles via Doping Concentration

Silicon nanoparticles at different doping concentrations are investigated for tuning their optical nonlinear performance. The silicon nanoparticles are synthesized from doped silicon wafers by pulsed laser ablation. Their dispersions in water are studied for both nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction properties. It is found that the optical nonlinear performance can be modified by the doping concentration. Nanoparticles at a higher doping concentration exhibit better saturable absorption performance for femtosecond laser pulse, which is ascribed to the free carrier absorption mechanism.
Comparison of the nutritive value of Madder, Rubia tinctorum L. and Alfalfa, Medicago sativa. using in vitro and in situ measurements

This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, digestibility, degra- dability and nutritive value of madder, Rubia tinctorum L. and alfalfa Medicago sativa. using in vitro and in situ measurements. The mean values for OM, CP, NDF, ADF and EE were 892.5, 172.0, 306.5, 219.4 and 16.0 g/kg DM for madder hay, and 921.3, 141.4, 482.0, 361.1 and 6.50 g/kg DM for alfalfa hay, respectively (P<0.05). The mean digestibility coefficients for DM and OM, DOMD and ME in madder hay (664.6, 556.4, 490.7 g/kg and 7.81 MJ/kg DM) were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those for alfalfa hay (510.9, 441.7, 403.6 g/kg and 6.47 MJ/kg DM, respectively). The effective degradability of dry matter (EDDM) of madder hay (63.25 %) was also significantly higher (P<0.05) than alfalfa hay (48.32 %). The average nutritive value indexes (NVI) of DM and CP for madder hay (50.59 and 70.82 %) was higher than alfalfa hay (40.60 and 65.21%, respectively). In conclusion, considering chemical composition, kinetic digestion and degradation data, madder hay has the potential to be used as a suitable forage source for small farmers during critical periods of year when feed resources are limited, especially in semiarid areas. Keywords: madder hay, alfalfa hay, in situ degradability, in vitro digestibility
OIL PRICES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SOUTH AFRICA: AN ARDL- BOUNDS TESTING APPROACH BY Prof

In this paper we examine the causal relationship between oil prices, oil consumption and economic growth in South Africa using a multivariate causality model. We apply the newly developed ARDL-Bounds testing approach to examine this linkage in a trivariate setting. Contrary to the results of some previous studies, our results show that there is a distinct unidirectional causal flow from oil prices to economic growth in South Africa. In addition, our results show that oil consumption Granger-causes both economic growth and oil prices without any feedback. Given the deterrent effect of oil prices on economic growth and the fact that South Africa has adopted inflation targeting as its policy anchor, we recommend that monetary policies should be relaxed during the global oil price shocks in order to protect the country from any possible outcome of a full-blown stagflation scenario. Our results apply irrespective of whether the causality is estimated in the short-run or in the long-run. JEL Classifications: Q43, C32
Formation of Methods for Assessing the Effectiveness of Industrial Areas’ Renovation Projects

As the urban environment develops, issues related to the zoning of megacities are becoming more acute. Environmental requirements are raised, the cadastral value of real estate objects is increased, for objective reasons, the wage fund of enterprises located on the territory of cities is increasing. All these factors create prerequisites for the withdrawal of industrial enterprises outside the city limits. Many of these enterprises were established several decades ago on the outskirts of cities, but as the urban environment developed, they found themselves in the central parts of the city, surrounded by residential and administrative quarters. However, the evaluation of the effectiveness of participants in the implementation of such projects has not been studied yet, and there is also no scientifically based system approach that allows to predict the required level of effectiveness of each participant, evaluate it at any time, in order to promptly adjust it, and also design a common level of effectiveness of the whole project. Five main structures involved in the implementation of projects for the renovation of industrial areas were singled out. To assess the effectiveness of each of them and further forecast their overall performance, it is necessary to study the individual parameters of each of them. It should be noted that the value of the allocated parameters of each of the participants in the course of the project implementation will change, moving from a larger one to a less significant one and vice versa. It is advisable to formulate common criteria for assessing the effectiveness of all participants, to create the possibility of a uniform approach to the analytical processing of the obtained parameter results. In the organizational and technological structures of the plots, the main single modules are the interrelations of the Information Support Is (information support) - Organizational and technological activities Eot (Organizational and Technological Events) - Organization structure Os (Organizational structure). Assessing the activities of each of the participants in the project, it is possible to identify and systematize individual parameters, assessing which it is possible to determine the effectiveness of the organization. For further analysis and modelling of processes, the identified parameters and their specific weights, it is necessary to group by 3 modules: information support; organizational and technological measures; structure of the organization. To determine the coefficient of influence of this parameter on the overall level of performance of the participant.
Titolo ASSESSMENT OF A CROSS SECTION ADJUSTMENT FORMALISM USING EXPERIMENTAL DATA FROM THE TAPIRO REACTOR

Sommario La trasmutazione di isotopi ed attinidi minori nei reattori nucleari a fissione consente di ridurre la radiotossicitià del combustibile nucleare esaurito. Al fine di rendere questo processo efficiente ed affidabile è però necessario approfondire le conoscenze relative ai dati nucleari per gli attinidi minori. In quest'ottica, è prevista la campagna di irraggiamento AOSTA (Activation of OSMOSE Sample in TAPIRO), per la quale è stato svolto uno studio di fattibilità qui riportato. È inoltre necessario determinare come i dati nucleari che caratterizzano il riflettore di rame di TAPIRO incidono sui tassi di reazione, soprattutto di cattura, degli attinidi minori. I coefficienti di sensitività sono qui calcolati mediante la teoria delle perturbazioni generalizzata ed il metodo di calcolo diretto. Infine, le misure dei parametri integrali in sistemi di riferimento come TAPIRO possono essere utilizzate per aggiustare i dati nucleari applicando specifiche procedure matematiche. Nel presente rapporto sono riassunti i risultati di un esercizio di verifica di queste procedure applicato ad una libreria di sezioni d'urto multigruppo generata per TAPIRO.
Radical business strategy change in high technology new ventures: taking the investor's perspective

Radical Strategic Change (RSC) is not a rare event in high technology new ventures, due to their rapidly changing environment. This research explores investors' perspective regarding RSC in their portfolio companies, using a qualitative study by interviewing a variety of 13 financial investors from 7 countries. Findings present three approaches taken by investors: Avoidance, Readiness and Passive. Since the success of RSC is critical to ventures performance, it is suggested that inventors adopt the readiness approach, optimized also through the prisoners' dilemma as reflecting the investor-investee relationship. Further research is needed to validate findings of this study.
Investigation on Composite Broadband Electromagnetic Scattering from 1 D Rough Land Surface and the Periodic Distributed Rectangular Conductor Target Buried Partially Using FDTD

One-dimensional exponential distribution rough land surface is simulated employed by Monte Carlo method, the characteristics of composite broadband electromagnetic scattering from rough land surface with periodic distributed rectangular cross-section column buried partially under UWB Gaussian pulse wave irradiation are investigated using FDTD. The curves of back composite scattering coefficient which varies with frequency are obtained by numerical calculation, the influence of the root mean square and the correlation length of rough surface fluctuation, soil moisture, the length and the width of the rectangular cross-section column, separation distance, burial depth, and tilt angle is discussed separately. Keywords—Broadband electromagnetic scattering, Back composite scattering coefficient, periodic distributed rectangular conductor target, FDTD
African Tradition and Global Consumer Culture: Understanding Attachment to Traditional Dress Style in West Africa

This article investigates the attachment of Senegalese to traditional consumption patterns and its effects on the construction of a coherent identity. In particular, we investigate loyalty to traditional dress across multiple occasions and in the face of global consumer culture dominance. To explore the multiplicity of meanings of tradition, this study relies on in-depth interviews, focus groups and a structured means-end analysis. The results reveal that loyalty to tradition enables individuals to attain social and self-identity benefits. The link of benefits sought from traditional consumption and behavior to end-goals pursued by individuals, reveals that attachment to traditional dress styles relates mainly to self-esteem and expressions of religious values, ethical values and African identity. This attachment to tradition and associated values varies according to behavioral patterns and frequency of use.
Improvement of the Field Emission Stability of Carbon Nanotube Paste Emitter by Post-treatments

The field emitters were fabricated by screen-printing of carbon nanotube paste, and their emission stabilities were evaluated. It was found that the emission stability measured in a sealed device is much higher than that measured in a vacuum chamber in spite of similar pressure. This was because oxygen gas was scarcely remained in the sealed device, while the gas is continuously supplied into the vacuum chamber during the stability measurement. It was found that the plasma treatment etched the protruded CNTs, resulting in the uniform height of CNT tips. As a result, the stability was increased remarkably. It was also found that the stability of CNT paste emitter was improved by electrical aging and that the optimum condition for the aging was varied with the size of emitter.
SYLOW MULTIPLICITIES IN FINITE GROUPS

Let G be a finite group and let P = P1, . , Pm be a sequence of Sylow pi-subgroups of G, where p1, . , pm are the distinct prime divisors of |G|. The Sylow multiplicity of g ∈ G in P is the number of distinct factorizations g = g1 · · · gm such that gi ∈ Pi. We review properties of the solvable radical and the solvable residual of G which are formulated in terms of Sylow multiplicities, and discuss some related open questions.
Youth perceptions on anti-texting and driving advertisements: an eye-tracking approach

Texting and driving has become a prevalent public health issue, especially in youth. The current study recorded eye movements of young adults to texting and driving prevention advertisements to determine the format that attracted the most attention. Thirty-three participants (Mean age 19) viewed three types of advertisements (non-driving related, general distracted driving and texting and driving specific) with three types of contents (text only, image only and text and image) while their eye movements were recorded. Participants also completed a survey evaluating their self-reported texting and driving behaviours. When comparing eye-tracking results for participants who self-report texting and driving with those who do not, no significant differences were observed. Results revealed an interaction of the types of advertisements and types of content on dwell time. More precisely, when ads comprised text only, participants spent more time viewing the texting and driving ads than the other types. For the texting and driving ads, participants spent more time viewing when they comprised text only and, more time when they comprised image only than both image and text. Regardless of the type of ads, when ads comprised both text and image, participants spent more time viewing the images than the text. Since viewing behaviour did vary whether participants text and drive or not, results do not provide clues to produce more effective ads for the target audience. Nevertheless, results suggest that in order to influence young adult’s attention to texting and driving prevention advertisements, text-only display would be preferable.
Third-order cosmological perturbations of zero-pressure multi-component fluids: pure general relativistic non-linear effects

The present expansion stage of the universe is believed to be mainly governed by the cosmological constant, collisionless dark matter and baryonic matter. The latter two components are often modeled as zero-pressure fluids. In our previous work we have shown that to second order in the cosmological perturbations, the relativistic equations for the density and velocity perturbations of the zero-pressure, irrotational, multi-component fluids in a spatially near flat background without gravitational waves effectively coincide with the Newtonian equations. As the Newtonian equations only have quadratic order non-linearity, it is of practical interest to derive the third-order perturbation terms in a general relativistic treatment, which correspond to pure general relativistic corrections. In our previous work we have shown that even in a single-component fluid there exist a substantial number of pure relativistic third-order correction terms. We have, however, shown that those correction terms are independent of the horizon scale, and are quite small (∼5 × 10−5 smaller compared with the relativistic/Newtonian second-order terms) near the horizon scale due to the weak level anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation. Here, we present pure general relativistic correction terms appearing in the third-order perturbations of the multi-component zero-pressure fluids. The forms of the pure general relativistic correction terms are quite similar to the ones in a single-component situation. The third-order correction terms involve only the ‘linear order spatial curvature perturbation in the comoving gauge’ φv which has the order of the ‘perturbed Newtonian gravitational potential divided by c2 ’, and thus is small on nearly all scales. Consequently, we show that, as in a single-component situation, the third-order correction terms are quite small (∼5 × 10−5 smaller) near the horizon, and independent of the horizon scale. We emphasize that these results are based on our proper choice of perturbation variables and gauge conditions for describing the relativistic perturbations. Still, there do exist a substantial number of pure general relativistic correction terms in third-order perturbations which could potentially become important in future development of precision cosmology. Although φv is small on nearly all scales, our third-order corrections are applicable only in weakly non-linear regimes where perturbation analysis is viable. We include the cosmological constant in all our analyses.
How to do Qualitative Structural Analysis: The Qualitative Interpretation of Network Maps and Narrative Interviews

Zur Analyse der Einbettung von Akteur/innen in soziale Strukturen werden in der Netzwerkforschung zunehmend offene Forschungszugange auch in Kombination mit standardisierten methodischen Ansatzen verwendet. Die Entwicklung eines Vorgehens zur qualitativen strukturbezogenen Analyse stellt bislang ein Desiderat dar. Am Beispiel der Analyse einer egozentrierten Netzwerkkarte und eines erzahlgenerierenden Interviews entwerfen, explizieren und begrunden wir ein methodisches qualitatives Analyseverfahren, das Standards einer strukturalen Analyse – als theoretisch-methodologische Position der sozialen Netzwerkanalyse – Rechnung tragt. Entlang des Beispiels entwerfen wir qualitative Verfahren der Interpretation (Sequenzanalyse, sensibilisierendes Konzept, Memos) fur die Auswertung von Netzwerkkarten und des narrativen Materials, fur das wir Konzepte der formalen Netzwerkanalyse adaptieren. Unser Vorschlag dieser qualitativen strukturalen Analyse – kurz QSA – stellt damit eine Kombination aus der analytischen Perspektive der strukturalen Analyse mit analytischen Standards der qualitativen Sozialforschung dar. URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs150190
Comparing Two Methods for Adding Enhanced Dependencies to UD Treebanks

When adding enhanced dependencies to an existing UD treebank, one can opt for heuristics that predict the enhanced dependencies on the basis of the UD annotation only. If the treebank is the result of conversion from an underlying treebank, an alternative is to produce the enhanced dependencies directly on the basis of this underlying annotation. Here we present a method for doing the latter for the Dutch UD treebanks. We compare our method with the UD-based approach of Schuster et al. (2018). While there are a number of systematic differences in the output of both methods, it appears these are the result of insufficient detail in the annotation guidelines and it is not the case that one approach is superior over the other in principle.
Alumina Porous Ceramics Obtained by Freeze Casting: Structure and Mechanical Behaviour under Compression

The aim of the work is to analyse the mechanical behaviour of anisotropic porous alumina ceramics processed by freeze casting (ice templating). The freeze cast specimens were characterised by a lamellar structure with ellipsoidal pore shape, with a size ranging from 6 to 42 µm and 13 to 300 µm for the minor and major axes, respectively, as a function of the freezing rate and the powder and binder contents. The pore volume fraction ranged from 40 to 57%. SEM analysis of the porous structures after the compression test showed a typical deformation pattern caused by the porosity gradient through the specimen, as determined by X-ray radiography. The apparent elastic modulus of the anisotropic porous alumina ranged from 0.2 to 14 GPa and the compressive strength from 6 to 111 MPa, varying as a function of the process parameters which determine the pore network characteristics. The relationships between stress-strain behaviour in compression and the microstructure and texture were established. An analytical model based on a Gibson and Ashby relationship was used and adapted from SEM microstructural analysis after a mechanical test in order to predict the compressive strength of processed anisotropic alumina.
Effect of Spray Drying Technique on Processing of Stropharia rugoso-annulata Farl: Murrill Blanching Liquid

Blanching liquid from processing of Stropharia rugoso-annulata fruits were traditionally discarded as bio-waste although it contains certain amount of soluble nutrients. The discarding may result not only in environment pollution but also in loss of valuable mushroom nutrients. In this study, spray drying technique was applied to process the liquid; and the processing factors were optimized with Response Surface Methodology. The results showed that the factors on Inlet Air Temperature, Atomization Pressure and Total Soluble Solid Content were for 172C, 920 bar and 15%, respectively, with the best spray drying efficiency for 60.26%. The products were estimated for the proper storage conditions based on the free radical scavenging activity forOH. The results indicated that the storage temperature, lights and packaging are important for the products in maintaining their scavenging activity and the proper conditions to preserve the spray drying powder lasted for 60 days were at 0C, no lights and with packaged. It is suggested that spray drying technique may play effectively for processing of any mushroom blanching liquid and the darkness and dryness are crucial for the drying powder preservation.