Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robust Optimal Nonlinear Control with Observer for Position Tracking of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

This paper proposes a robust optimal nonlinear control with an observer to reject the offset errors of position tracking for surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors. We provide the control method to reject offset errors and load torque for designing field oriented control (FOC) based the alternating current (AC) frame. The proposed method consists of a torque generator, a commutation scheme, an electrical controller, and a load torque observer. The mechanical controller is designed to compensate for load torque and the offset error and generate the desired torque. The commutation scheme is proposed to create the desired currents for the desired torque. The electrical controller is developed to guarantee the desired currents. The observer is designed to estimate both the velocity and the load torque. In order to obtain the robustness to parameter uncertainties and a gain tuning guide, the linear quadratic regulator method is applied to the proposed method. The closed-loop stability is proven. A detailed process for the FOC design and an analysis of the control methods based on the AC frame are presented. The performance of the proposed method was validated via experiments. The proposed method obtains the FOC based on the AC frame. Furthermore, the position tracking performance of the proposed method is superior to that of the conventional method.
Opto-electronic generation of stable and low noise microwave signals

Optical technology offers a new method for generating microwave signals with extremely low noise and high stability. For that purpose a long fibre is used in the feedback loop of the oscillator. However, when using a long fibre, a lot of resonances will appear in the output spectrum, impairing the stability of oscillation. This paper introduces three new approaches for improving the frequency stability and reducing the phase noise of opto-electronic oscillators. The frequency stability is improved in two different ways: by using several fibres in the oscillator feed-back loop and/or by the insertion of an additional third-harmonic optical loop. To reduce the phase noise a special nonlinear electronic feedback technique is used. The combination of these methods can result in an optimum adjustment.
Resistance and change in a High Arctic ecosystem, NW Greenland: Differential sensitivity of ecosystem metrics to 15 years of experimental warming and wetting

Dramatic increases in air temperature and precipitation are occurring in the High Arctic (>70°N), yet few studies have characterized the long‐term responses of High Arctic ecosystems to the interactive effects of experimental warming and increased rain. Beginning in 2003, we applied a factorial summer warming and wetting experiment to a polar semidesert in northwest Greenland. In summer 2018, we assessed several metrics of ecosystem structure and function, including plant cover, greenness, ecosystem CO2 exchange, aboveground (leaf, stem) and belowground (litter, root, soil) carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations (%) and pools, as well as leaf and soil stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N). Wetting induced the most pronounced changes in ecosystem structure, accelerating the expansion of Salix arctica cover by 370% and increasing aboveground C, N, and biomass pools by 94%–101% and root C, N, and biomass pools by 60%–122%, increases which coincided with enhanced net ecosystem CO2 uptake. Further, wetting combined with warming enhanced plot‐level greenness, whereas in isolation neither wetting nor warming had an effect. At the plant level, the effects of warming and wetting differed among species and included warming‐linked decreases in leaf N and δ15N in S. arctica, whereas leaf N and δ15N in Dryas integrifolia did not respond to the climate treatments. Finally, neither plant‐ nor plot‐level C and N allocation patterns nor soil C, N, δ13C, or δ15N concentrations changed in response to our manipulations, indicating that these ecosystem metrics may resist climate change, even in the longer term. In sum, our results highlight the importance of summer precipitation in regulating ecosystem structure and function in arid parts of the High Arctic, but they do not completely refute previous findings of resistance in some High Arctic ecosystem properties to climate change.
Medical management of acute heart failure

Despite recent advances in the treatment of chronic heart failure, therapeutic options for acute heart failure (AHF) remain limited. AHF admissions are associated with significant multi-organ dysfunction, especially worsening renal failure, which results in significant morbidity and mortality. There are several aspects of AHF management: diagnosis, decongestion, vasoactive therapy, goal-directed medical therapy initiation and safe transition of care. Effective diagnosis and prognostication could be very helpful in an acute setting and rely upon biomarker evaluation with noninvasive assessment of fluid status. Decongestive strategies could be tailored to include pharmaceutical options along with consideration of utilizing ultrafiltration for refractory hypervolemia. Vasoactive agents to augment cardiac function have been evaluated in patients with AHF but have shown to only have limited efficacy. Post stabilization, initiation of quadruple goal-directed medical therapy—angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors, mineral receptor antagonists, sodium glucose type 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, and beta blockers—to prevent myocardial remodeling is being advocated as a standard of care. Safe transition of care is needed prior to discharge to prevent heart failure rehospitalization and mortality. Post-discharge close ambulatory monitoring (including remote hemodynamic monitoring), virtual visits, and rehabilitation are some of the strategies to consider. We hereby review the contemporary approach in AHF diagnosis and management.
Interactions amongst inflammation, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and kallikrein-kinin systems: suggestive approaches for COVID-19 therapy

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapid-spread infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which can culminate in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) and kallikrein-kinin (KKS) systems imbalance, and in serious consequences for infected patients. This scoping review of published research exploring the RAAS and KKS was undertaken in order to trace the history of the discovery of both systems and their multiple interactions, discuss some aspects of the viral-cell interaction, including inflammation and the system imbalance triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection, and their consequent disorders. Furthermore, we correlate the effects of continued use of the RAAS blockers in chronic diseases therapies with the virulence and physiopathology of COVID-19. We also approach the RAAS and KKS-related proposed potential therapies for treatment of COVID-19. In this way, we reinforce the importance of exploring both systems and the application of their components or their blockers in the treatment of coronavirus disease.
The country of origin effect for Brazilian fresh fruits: a study using Partial Least Squares Procedures

The image of a product or brand refers to the set of associations related to this product or brand, which is stored in the consumer’s memory, and it directly affects the evaluation of products made in this country, leading to what is called “country of origin effect”. In spite of this subject’s importance, Brazilian studies on the effects related to COO information are still in their first steps. This study intended to investigate the COO effect in the consumer’s evaluation process of buying alternatives, considering Brazilian fresh fruits. The problem investigated was: What is the impact of Brazil’s image in the evaluation of this country’s fresh fruits? A quantitative, descriptive study was carried. The empirical research has used an indirect approach to measure the COO effect, which has not been seen before in past researches: a structural equation modelling approach. The resulting dimensions of Brazil’s image herein found were Product Evaluation, Brazil’s Respect and Importance, Art Evaluation, Affection toward Brazil and Communication and Distribution Evaluation. In conclusion, it was seen that the COO effect exists for Brazilian fresh fruits and it is positive, meaning that the image respondents have about Brazil positively affects their attitudes toward such product.
Exploring the Tomato: Transformations of Nature, Society, and Economy (review)

222 pertinent, clear, and up-to-date. Some embody a straightforward, passionate, philosophically based position, such as Leon Kass’s essay on human cloning and H. Tristram Engelhardt’s on genetic engineering in a postChristian world. Others are broader, addressing more than one ethical concern in a given area. All are readable and teachable. As is often the case, however, what is at once a strength can also be a weakness. In their efforts to cover so much ground, Sherlock and Morrey may draw criticism for giving short shrift to certain material; obviously more can be said about biotechnology than what they say, and clearly there are many more ethical theories than what they address. But such criticism would be misdirected. Their aim is not to provide a comprehensive text on either of these topics alone, but to find a way to bridge the gulf between knowledge and interest, and to do so by recognizing all the elements in play: facts, moral theory, and individual belief systems. They achieve this aim. Ethical Issues in Biotechnology is a valuable contribution to the field, and a must-have for those teaching either undergraduates enrolled in upperlevel courses or graduate students, across the disciplines of science and humanities.
A two-stage classifier switchable aluminum electrolysis fault diagnosis method

Traditional aluminum electrolysis fault diagnosis methods have problems such as low accuracy, small forecast advance, and high CPU usage, which make their popularity low in enterprises. Aiming at the above problems, a fault diagnosis method with switchable two-level classifiers is designed. The input data are first judged by the first-level algorithm. If it is determined that there is no fault, the result will be output directly. If it is determined that there is a fault in the electrolytic cell, the data will be transferred to the second-level network for specific fault diagnosis. The first level is based on the Random Forest algorithm with simple structure and good two-class classification effect and is optimized by the improved cuckoo algorithm. The second level is based on an improved DBN-DNN (Deep Belief Neural Network–Deep Neural Network) algorithm, and the training method is given. Experimental results show that this method can switch between different algorithms according to different situations, save computing resources, realize that a computer can monitor multiple electrolytic cells, and reduce investment costs. In addition, the accuracy and forecast advance have been significantly improved, which has promoted the popularization of fault diagnosis systems in aluminum electrolysis enterprises.
A fully actuated tail propulsion system for a biomimetic autonomous underwater vehicle

In recent years that has been a worldwide increase in the utilisation of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) for many diverse subsea applications. This has given rise to an increase in the research and development of these vehicles, with a particular focus on extending operational capability and longevity. Consequently, this activity has resulted in the design of many different types of AUVs that employ a variety of different propulsion and manoeuvring mechanisms. One particular area that has yielded promising results involves the vehicles designs that are biologically inspired or biomimetic. This class of AUV replicates the anatomical features of aquatic species in order to exploit some of the benefits associated with this type of swimming e.g. higher efficiency at low speeds, improved manoeuvrability. The study presented in this thesis considers the design and performance analysis of a unique biomimetic AUV design based on the physiology of an adult Atlantic salmon. This vehicle, called RoboSalmon, is equipped with a multiple jointed, fully actuated tail that is used to replicate the undulatory swimming gait of a real fish. The initial stage of this design process involves the development of a mathematical model to describe the fusion of the dynamics and electro-mechanics of this vehicle. This model provides the design specifications for a prototype vehicle, which has been used in water tank trials to collect data. Forward swimming and manoeuvring experiments, e.g. cruise in turning and turning circle swimming patterns, have been conducted for performance analysis and validation purposes. This part of the study has illustrated the relationship between the vehicle surge velocity, tail amplitude and tail beat frequency. It was found that the maximum surge velocity has been measured at 0.143 ms-1. Also, the vehicle has been shown to accomplish turning circle manoeuvres with turning radius just over the half of its body length. The final stage of this study involved the design of a heading control system, which changes the course of the vehicle by altering the tail centreline. This study allowed the course changing performance of the vehicle to be analysed. Furthermore, a line of sight guidance system has been used to navigate the vehicle through a multiple waypoint course in order to show autonomous operation within a simulated environment. Moreover, the vehicle has demonstrated satisfactory performance in course changing and tracking operations. It is concluded that the RoboSalmon biomimetic AUV exhibits higher propulsive efficiency and manoeuvrability than propeller based underwater vehicles at low speeds. Thus the results of this study show that mimicking biology can improve the propulsive and manoeuvring efficiencies of AUVs.
Quorum Sensing Inhibitors to Quench P. aeruginosa Pathogenicity

The emergence and the dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria constitute a major public health issue. Among incriminated Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been designated by the WHO as a critical priority threat. During the infection process, this pathogen secretes various virulence factors in order to adhere and colonize host tissues. Furthermore, P. aeruginosa has the capacity to establish biofilms that reinforce its virulence and intrinsic drug resistance. The regulation of biofilm and virulence factor production of this micro-organism is controlled by a specific bacterial communication system named Quorum Sensing (QS). The development of anti-virulence agents targeting QS that could attenuate P. aeruginosa pathogenicity without affecting its growth seems to be a promising new therapeutic strategy. This could prevent the selective pressure put on bacteria by the conventional antibiotics that cause their death and promote resistant strain survival. This review describes the QS-controlled pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa and its different specific QS molecular pathways, as well as the recent advances in the development of innovative QS-quenching anti-virulence agents to fight anti-bioresistance.
Low-phase-noise 0.63-V, 1.7-mW, 11.55-GHz quadrature voltage controlled oscillator with intrinsic-tuned technique in 0.18-μm complimentary metal oxide semi-conductor

A low-power and low-phase-noise 11.55-GHz quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (QVCO) using intrinsic-tuned technique is demonstrated in a standard 0.18-μm complimentary metal oxide semi-conductor (CMOS) technology. Intrinsic-tuned technique means the intrinsic junction capacitances at the drain terminals of the cross-coupled transistors are regarded as varactors, so no extra low-Q accumulation-mode MOS varactors are needed. This in turn results in a reduction of power consumption, a minimisation of parasitic capacitance effect (i.e. an increase of the operation frequency) and an improvement of phase noise. The QVCO core draws 2. 7μmA current from a 0. 63μV power supply, that is, it only consumes 1. 7μmW. The QVCO achieves a tuning range of 3. 9μ (11.11μ11.55μGHz) and a low phase noise of μ114. 7μdBc/Hz at 1μMHz offset from 11.55μGHz. The corresponding figure-of-merit is μ193. 6μdBc/Hz, one of the best results ever reported for an X-band CMOS QVCO/VCO. The core circuit occupies a chip area of only 0. 64μ0. 58μmm 2 , that is, 0.37 mm 2 .
Reliability Modeling and Evaluation in Aging Power Systems

Reliability Modeling and Evaluation in Aging Power Systems. (August 2009) Hag-Kwen Kim, B.A, Kangneung National University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Chanan Singh Renewal process has been often employed as a mathematical model of the failure and repair cycle of components in power system reliability assessment. This implies that after repair, the component is assumed to be restored to be in as good as new condition in terms of reliability perspective. However, some of the components may enter an aging stage as the system grows older. This thesis describes how aging characteristics of a system may impact the calculation of commonly used quantitative reliability indices such as Loss of Load Expectation (LOLE), Loss of Load Duration (LOLD), and Expected Energy Not Supplied (EENS). To build the history of working and failure states of a system, Stochastic Point Process modeling based on Sequential Monte Carlo simulation is introduced. Power Law Process is modeled as the failure rate function of aging components. Power system reliability analysis can be made at the generation capacity level where transmission constraints may be included. The simulation technique is applied to the Single Area IEEE Reliability Test System (RTS) and the results are evaluated and compared.
ERP Detection Based on Smoothness Priors

Objective: Detection of event-related potentials (ERPs) in electroencephalography (EEG) is of great interest in the study of brain responses to various stimuli. This is challenging due to the low signal-to-noise ratio of these deflections. To address this problem, a new scheme to detect the ERPs based on smoothness priors is proposed. Methods: The problem is considered as a binary hypothesis test and solved using a smooth version of the generalized likelihood ratio test (SGLRT). First, we estimate the parameters of probability density functions from the training data under the Gaussian assumption. Then, these parameters are treated as known values and the unknown ERPs are estimated under the smoothness constraint. The performance of the proposed SGLRT is assessed for ERP detection in post-stimuli EEG recordings of two oddball settings. We compared our method with several powerful methods regarding ERP detection. Results: The presented method performs better than the competing algorithms and improves the classification accuracy. Conclusion: SGLRT can be employed as a powerful means for different ERP detection schemes. Significance: The proposed scheme is opening a new direction in ERP identification which provides better classification results compared to several popular ERP detection methods.
Controlling the autonomy of a reconnaissance robot

In this paper, we present our research on the control of a mobile robot for indoor reconnaissance missions. Based on previous work concerning our robot control architecture HARPIC, we have developed a man machine interface and software components that allow a human operator to control a robot at different levels of autonomy. This work aims at studying how a robot could be helpful in indoor reconnaissance and surveillance missions in hostile environment. In such missions, since a soldier faces many threats and must protect himself while looking around and holding his weapon, he cannot devote his attention to the teleoperation of the robot. Moreover, robots are not yet able to conduct complex missions in a fully autonomous mode. Thus, in a pragmatic way, we have built a software that allows dynamic swapping between control modes (manual, safeguarded and behavior-based) while automatically performing map building and localization of the robot. It also includes surveillance functions like movement detection and is designed for multirobot extensions. We first describe the design of our agent-based robot control architecture and discuss the various ways to control and interact with a robot. The main modules and functionalities implementing those ideas in our architecture are detailed. More precisely, we show how we combine manual controls, obstacle avoidance, wall and corridor following, way point and planned travelling. Some experiments on a Pioneer robot equipped with various sensors are presented. Finally, we suggest some promising directions for the development of robots and user interfaces for hostile environment and discuss our planned future improvements.
Seaport‐associated pollutions in Ogu waterway near Port Harcourt

Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to investigate the physicochemical attributes of the Ogu Creek serving the Onne Ports in Port Harcourt, which is impacted by ports transport activities, for establishment of its pollution status.Design/methodology/approach – In situ measurements were made at six sampling points for water temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, and conductivity with HORIBA U‐10 Water Quality Checker and for total dissolved solids (TDS) with HACH conductivity/TDS meter. Other parameters were determined using standard methods. The principal components analysis (PCA), test of homogeneity in mean variance and Pearson correlation were used to analyze data.Findings – The lower range of pH (5.28), the upper ranges of Al (1.20 mg/L) and Fe (3.25 mg/L), as well as the concentrations of Cd (0.022±0.011 mg/L) and Cu (0.08±0.01 mg/L) were outside the Federal Ministry of Environment's permissible limits for aquatic life. Four PCs, which were most correlated with essential pol.
Regional and Sex Differences on the Standard Progressive Matrices in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

This study examines the interaction between gender and region in Saudi Arabia on performance in the Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM), a test of non-verbal reasoning. The results of two administrations of the SPM in Saudi Arabia are compared for children between the ages of 8 and 12 years. The first sample included 1,273 school children in this age range, tested in the Makkah region in 2010. The second included 2,385 school children in Riyadh in 2016. There was no statistically significant IQ difference between the two samples. However, females scored significantly higher in Makkah. These differences became more pronounced with age.