Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ancient Origin of the CARD–Coiled Coil/Bcl10/MALT1-Like Paracaspase Signaling Complex Indicates Unknown Critical Functions

The CARD–coiled coil (CC)/Bcl10/MALT1-like paracaspase (CBM) signaling complexes composed of a CARD–CC family member (CARD-9, -10, -11, or -14), Bcl10, and the type 1 paracaspase MALT1 (PCASP1) play a pivotal role in immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Targeting MALT1 proteolytic activity is of potential therapeutic interest. However, little is known about the evolutionary origin and the original functions of the CBM complex. Type 1 paracaspases originated before the last common ancestor of planulozoa (bilaterians and cnidarians). Notably in bilaterians, Ecdysozoa (e.g., nematodes and insects) lacks Bcl10, whereas other lineages have a Bcl10 homolog. A survey of invertebrate CARD–CC homologs revealed such homologs only in species with Bcl10, indicating an ancient common origin of the entire CBM complex. Furthermore, vertebrate-like Syk/Zap70 tyrosine kinase homologs with the ITAM-binding SH2 domain were only found in invertebrate organisms with CARD–CC/Bcl10, indicating that this pathway might be related to the original function of the CBM complex. Moreover, the type 1 paracaspase sequences from invertebrate organisms that have CARD–CC/Bcl10 are more similar to vertebrate paracaspases. Functional analysis of protein–protein interactions, NF-κB signaling, and CYLD cleavage for selected invertebrate type 1 paracaspase and Bcl10 homologs supports this scenario and indicates an ancient origin of the CARD–CC/Bcl10/paracaspase signaling complex. By contrast, many of the known MALT1-associated activities evolved fairly recently, indicating that unknown functions are at the basis of the protein conservation. As a proof-of-concept, we provide initial evidence for a CBM- and NF-κB-independent neuronal function of the Caenorhabditis elegans type 1 paracaspase malt-1. In conclusion, this study shows how evolutionary insights may point at alternative functions of MALT1.
Anomaly Detection of Online Data using Oversampling Principal Component Analysis

: Anomaly detection is very important topic in data mining and machine learning. This technique is helpful in many real world applications such as intrusion or credit card fraud detection, fault detection in safety critical systems, and military surveillance for enemy activities. Anomaly detection is basically used to find the patterns in data that do not conform to their expected behavior. Such patterns are termed as anomalies, outliers, discordant observations, exceptions, aberrations etc in different application domains. From all these terms anomalies and outliers can be used interchangeably. Outlier detection methods can be used to deal with extremely unbalanced data distribution problems. Most of the anomaly detection methods are implemented in batch mode due to which they cannot be extended to large scale problems. If we extend them to large scale problems, they will result in sacrificing computation and memory requirements. To tackle this problem we proposed oversampling Principal Component Analysis (osPCA) scheme in this paper. This technique aims at detecting the presence of outliers from large amount of data. In previously proposed Principal Component Analysis methods, it is required to store entire data matrix or covariance matrix, but this is not the case with our osPCA approach. So it can be extended to large scale or online problems. Principal Component Analysis is used to find the principal direction of the data and oversampling technique will duplicate the target instance multiple times to amplify the effect of outliers. By oversampling the target instance and extracting the principal directions of the data the osPCA allows us to determine the anomaly in target instance according to the variations in the resulting dominant eigenvector. This online updating technique allows us to efficiently calculate dominant eigenvector without eigen analysis or storing entire covariance matrix. Compared with the other anomaly detection methods the required computational costs and memory requirements are significantly reduced.
Improving Cyber-Security via Profitable Insurance Markets

Recent work in security has illustrated that solutions aimed at detection and elimination of security threats alone are unlikely to result in a robust cyberspace. As an orthogonal approach to mitigating security problems, some researchers have pursued the use of cyber-insurance as a suitable risk management technique. In this regard, a recent work by the authors in [1] have proposed efficient monopoly cyberinsurance markets that maximize social welfare of users in a communication network via premium discriminating them. However, the work has a major drawback in the insurer not being able to make strictly positive profit in expectation, which in turn might lead to unsuccessful insurance markets. In this paper, we provide a method (based on the model in [1]) to overcome this drawback for the risk-averse premium discriminating monopoly cyber-insurer, and prove it in theory. More specifically, we propose a non-regulatory mechanism to allow monopoly cyber-insurers to make strictly positive profit in expectation. To investigate the general effectiveness of our mechanism beyond a monopoly setting with full coverage, we conduct numerical experiments (comparing social welfare at market equilibrium) on (a) practical Internet-scale network topologies that are formed by users who are free to decide for themselves whether they want to purchase insurance or not, (b) settings of perfect and imperfect market competition, and (c) scenarios with partial insurance coverage.
Iron fortification of yogurt and pasteurized milk

Both yogurt and pasteurized liquid milk was made from whole cow’s milk which was fortified with ferrous bisglycinate, ferrous lactate and ferrous sulfate microencapsulate. Yogurt was stored for 7 days and milk for 2 days before consumer acceptance sensory tests was done. Chemical analysis was done every 5 days for yogurt and every 3 days for pasteurized milk. Sensory mean scores show that there were no significant differences between the control yogurt and yogurt fortified with ferrous sulfate microencapsulate in appearance, flavor, mouthfeel and overall preference. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between control yogurt and yogurt fortified with ferrous bisglycinate and yogurt fortified with ferrous lactate. The observation was different in milk where no significant differences were observed in appearance and flavor in all treatments while control milk and milk fortified with ferrous lactate showed no significant differences in taste. Both Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA) and Peroxide Value (PV) numbers were highest in yogurt and pasteurized milk fortified with ferrous sulfate microencapsulate. Control yogurt had the lowest TBA value. PV was lowest in yogurt fortified with ferrous lactate while pasteurized milk has low PV in control.
Use of Resveratrol Self-Emulsifying Systems in T/C28a2 Cell Line as Beneficial Effectors in Cellular Uptake and Protection Against Oxidative Stress-Mediated Death

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent rheumatic disease in the world. Although its etiology is still unknown, one of the key processes in OA progression and development is oxidative stress. In this context, resveratrol, a well-known anti-oxidant from the stilbene family, could be of particular interest in future OA therapeutic strategies. However, currently, because of its low bioavailability, use of resveratrol in human health is very limited. In this study, we tested two resveratrol self-emulsifying systems previously developed in our laboratory in order to determine if they could improve cellular uptake of resveratrol in a human immortalized chondrocytic cell line (T/C28a2) and enhance protection against oxidative stress. Our results showed that resveratrol self-emulsifying systems were able first to increase cellular tolerance towards resveratrol, and thus decrease resveratrol intrinsic cellular toxicity, allowing the use of higher concentrations, second, to increase resveratrol uptake in membrane and intracellular fractions, and finally, to improve protection against oxidative stress-mediated death in human immortalized chondrocytic cell line T/C28a2. These data suggest that new formulations of resveratrol could be considered as potential beneficial effectors in future OA treatments.
EFFICACY OF THE PRESYNCH-OVSYNCH PROGRAM ON SOME REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS IN POSTPARTUM DAIRY COWS

In this study, the aim was to evaluate the presynch-ovsynch protocol on the intervals from calving to first insemination, calving to pregnancy, calving to calving in postpartum lactating cows. Lactating Holstein cows (n=104, 3-5 years old, 450-500 kg BW, 27±3 kg/day average milk yield) were enrolled in the study 26-41 days postpartum. Fifty of them were taken as the control group and 54 of them were the treated experimental group. The control group was not treated and the cows in estrus were inseminated. In the treated group the cows were injected with two PGF2 for presynchronization twice at every 14 days. Fourteen days after the second PGF2, ovsynch protocol was initiated (GnRH, day 0; PGF2, day 7; GnRH, day 9) and cows were inseminated 12-16 hours after second GnRH injection. Following AI, cows returning to estrus were inseminated at detected heat. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by ultrasonography at 33-38 days after AI. Calving to first AI (days), calving to pregnancy (day), the number of AI per pregnancy, calving interval (days) for control cows were 96.08±8.20, 147.58±9.95, 2.19±0.20 and 430.50±10.90 and for the treated group 70.13±1.13, 101.76±5.70, 1.85±0.12 and 386.80±5.70, respectively. Compared to the control group, calving to first AI interval was shorter by 26 days, calving to pregnancy interval by 46 days and the calving interval by 44 days (p 0.05). As a result, by using the presynch-ovsynch protocol, the need for estrus detection was eliminated and inseminations were performed at a fixed time. Therefore, calving to first AI, calving to pregnancy, calving intervals and the number of AI per pregnancy were improved to the benefit of the farm.
Review of Multimodal Biometrics: Applications, challenges and Research Areas

Biometric systems for today’s high security applications must meet stringent performance requirements. The fusion of multiple biometrics helps to minimize the system error rates. Fusion methods include processing biometric modalities sequentially until an acceptable match is obtained. More sophisticated methods combine scores from separate classifiers for each modality. This paper is an overview of multimodal biometrics, challenges in the progress of multimodal biometrics, the main research areas and its applications to develop the security system for high security areas.
Spatial Modelling of Malaria Prevalence and Its Risk Factors in Rural SNNPR, Ethiopia: Classical and Bayesian Approaches

The purpose of this study was to assess the spatial distribution of malaria prevalence rates among selected rural part of woredas in SNNPR, Ethiopia. This work is based on data available from the 2011 malaria indicator survey (MIS 2011) of Ethiopian Public Health Institution. ESDA, Spatial regression model and Bayesian Spatial analysis were employed for data analysis. From ESDA, we found positive spatial autocorrelation in malaria prevalence rate. Relying on specification diagnostics and measures of fit; Spatial lag model was found to be the best model for modeling malaria prevalence rate data. The relationship between malaria prevalence and its risk factors was assessed using spatial models. The spatial models also showed an increase of malaria prevalence with a number of factors. From results, increase in the proportion of households sprayed in 12 months and the average altitude in the woreda estimated to decrease the average malaria prevalence. The result also demonstrated that increase in the House hold size of the district, proportion of households having access to piped water, proportion of households having access to radio, proportion of households having access to radio and Main construction material of the room’s wall are estimated to raise the average malaria prevalence rate. Finally, the study concluded that malaria is spatially clustered in space and the risk factors exhibit effect on the malaria prevalence in the study area. Based on the results of the study, We recommend for policy makers on the way to reduce malaria prevalence in the rural part of woreda of SNNPR using spatial information.
Combined multifrequency EPR and DFT study of dangling bonds in a-Si:H

(Received 28 March 2011; revised manuscript received 16 September 2011; published 13 December 2011)Multifrequency pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy using S-, X-, Q-, and W-bandfrequencies (3.6, 9.7, 34, and 94 GHz, respectively) was employed to study paramagnetic coordination defectsin undoped hydrogenated amorphous silicon (
iPSC-based Cardiovascular Disease Modeling : From Patient to 384-Well Plate

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Print ISSN: 0009-7330. Online ISSN: 1524-4571 Copyright © 2013 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Circulation Research doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111. 250266 2013;112:534-548 Circ Res. http://circres.ahajournals. org/content/112/3/534 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the
Flow cytometric analysis of somatic cells and oxidant/antioxidant profile in dairy cows with subclinical mastitis

Flow cytometric analysis of somatic cells count (SCC) and oxidant/antioxidant status of cows with subclinical mastitis (SCM) were investigated in 75 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows (20 controls; 55 SCM cows). Milk from active quarters (n=280) and blood samples (n=75) were aseptically collected. Milk samples were subjected to California Mastitis Test (CMT), microbiologic examination and flow cytometric analysis. Blood and milk samples were analysed for malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Microbiological examination revealed 3 major pathogens in a single or mixed infection: Streptococcus species (26.9%), Staphylococcus species (57.7%) and Escherichia coli (49.23%). Flow cytometric analysis showed significant increase (P<0.05) in inflammatory cells in milk of cows with SCM compared to control cows. Differential SCC was characterised by significant increase (P<0.05) in polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) counts compared to normal milk. Additionally, Staphylococcus infection alone or mixed with other lactopathogens resulted in dramatic increase in PMNL. There was a significant decrease (P<0.01) of TAC in plasma and milk (0.49 ± 0.04, 0.27 ± 0.03 mM/L, respectively) and significantly increased (P<0.01) serum and milk MDA concentrations (13.72 ± 0.3, 7.72 ± 0.17 nmol/mL, respectively) in SCM cows. In conclusion, differential SCC is a reliable index for early detection of SCM. Milk PMNL population can be used as a useful indicator for evaluation of udder infection. Additionally, a combination of MDA and TAC can provide complementary information about the health status of udder in dairy farms.
Ex-situ Documentation of Ethnobiology

Migrant speakers of endangered languages living in urban centers in developed countries represent a valuable resource through which these languages may be conveniently documented. Here, we first present a general methodology by which linguists can compile a meaningful set of visual (and sometimes audio) stimuli with which to carry out a reasonably detailed ethnobiological elicitation session in an ‘ex-situ’ setting, such as an urban university. We then showcase some preliminary results of such an elicitation carried out on the Dumo, or Vanimo, language of north-western Papua New Guinea during a linguistic field methods course at the Australian National University. With the help of a region-specific set of visual stimuli obtained from various sources, it was possible to document many fascinating aspects of the fish, and other marine-biological, knowledge of Dumo speakers, along with detailed ethnographic notes on the cultural significance of marine creatures.
International Maintenance Conference Chicago , IL August 18-20 , 2003 TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOR SHAFT CRACK DETECTION IN ROTATING EQUIPMENT

A non-intrusive torsional vibration method for monitoring and tracking small changes in shaft crack growth during normal machinery operations of rotating equipment is under development. This method resolves and tracks characteristic changes in the natural torsional vibration frequencies that are associated with shaft crack propagation. The method is generally applicable to many types of rotating equipment, including, reactor coolant pumps, centrifugal charging pumps, condensate and feed water pumps. The focus of this effort is to develop and apply the torsional vibration shaft cracking monitoring technique on a Westinghouse 93A reactor coolant pump. A laboratory scale rotor test bed was developed to investigate shaft cracking detection techniques under controlled conditions. The test bed provided a mechanism to evaluate sensing technologies and algorithm development. For accurate knowledge of the crack characteristics (crack depth and front), a sample shaft was seeded with a crack that was propagated using a three point bending process. Following each crack growth step, the specimen was evaluated using ultrasonic inspection techniques. This was followed by installation of the shaft in the rotor test bed and the observation of the change in shaft torsional vibration features. The torsional vibration measurement method has demonstrated the ability to reliably detect the first natural shaft frequency in the range of 0.1 to 0.2 Hz. This shows the potential to enable online structural health diagnostics and ultimately the prevention of shaft failure due to crack growth.
An Efficient Classification Mechanism Using Machine Learning Techniques For Attack Detection From Large Dataset

Recent internet based communication technology has an important part in our life. Cyber based communication and networks connections are very huge not just in the terms of size, but also in the terms of changing the services offered and the mobility of users that make them more vulnerable to various kinds of complex attacks. Security is the main issue of networking, as malicious activities perform in the network by inside and outside users. There are number of intrusions present in the network. There are number of strategy, which have been developed in order to detect malicious activities. But a single algorithm does not correctly classify the malicious activity. In this paper, we have used machine learning approaches based on K-mean clustering and Naive Bayesian, to efficiently detect the intrusions present in the network. These algorithms have resulted in improved Precision, and reduce the false positive rate in order to provide better performance as compared to some exiting research works.
Synthesis of Broadband Transmission Filters By Layer-peeling and a Genetic Algorithm

We present a method to reconstruct optical transmission filters from specific complex spectrum profiles. A discrete inverse scattering method, known as layer-peeling, is used recursively to reconstruct a long-period fibre grating structure from a specified realisable complex spectrum by a direct solution of the coupled-mode equations or transfer matrices, while simultaneously determining the physical properties of the layered structure. The relative short computation time when compared to genetic algorithms, and low algorithm complexity are the main advantages of the layer-peeling method. We demonstrate this layer-peeling method by applying it to the design of high performance broadband transmission filters, for application in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems. The theoretical results obtained from this layer-peeling method are compared to results obtained from a genetic algorithm, and a conclusion is drawn about the overall performance of the layerpeeling algorithm.
The optical, physical and chemical properties of the products of glyoxal uptake on ammonium sulfate seed aerosols

Abstract. The heterogeneous reaction between gas phase glyoxal and ammonium sulfate (AS) aerosols, a proxy for inorganic atmospheric aerosol, was studied in terms of the dependence of the optical, physical and chemical properties of the product aerosols on initial particle size and ambient relative humidity (RH). Our experiments imitate an atmospheric scenario of a dry particle hydration at ambient RH conditions in the presence of glyoxal gas followed by efflorescence due to decrease of the ambient RH. The reactions were studied under different RH conditions, starting from dry conditions (~20% RH) and up to 90% RH, covering conditions prevalent in many atmospheric environments, and followed by consequent drying of the reacted particles before their analysis by the aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS), cavity ring down (CRD) and scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) systems. At λ = 355 nm, the reacted aerosols demonstrate a substantial growth in optical extinction cross section, as well as in mobility diameter under a broad range of RH values (35–90%). The ratio of the product aerosol to seed aerosol geometric cross section reached up to ~3.5, and the optical extinction cross-section up to ~250. The reactions show a trend of increasing physical and optical growth with decreasing seed aerosol size, from 100 nm to 300 nm, as well as with decreasing RH values from 90% to ~40%. Optically inactive aerosols, at the limit of the Mie range (100 nm diameter) become optically active as they grow due to the reaction. AMS analyses of the reaction of 300 nm AS at RH values of 50%, 75% and 90% show that the main products of the reaction are glyoxal oligomers, formed by acetal formation in the presence of AS. In addition, imidazole formation, which is a minor channel, is observed for all reactions, yielding a product which absorbs at λ = 290 nm, with possible implications on the radiative properties of the product aerosols. The ratio of absorbing substances (C-N compounds, including imidazoles) increases with increasing RH value. A core/shell model used for the investigation of the optical properties of the reaction products of AS with gas phase glyoxal, shows that the refractive index (RI) of the reaction products are n= 1.68(±0.10)+0.01(±0.02) at 50% RH and n = 1.65(±0.06)+0.02(±0.01) at 75% RH at 355 nm. The observed increase in the ratio of the absorbing substances is not indicated in the imaginary part of the products at RH 50% and 75%. A further increase in the ratio of absorbing substances and a resulting increase in the imaginary part of the RI at higher RH values is expected, and may become even more substantial after longer reaction times, possibly in cloud or fog droplets. This study shows that the reaction of abundant substances present in atmospheric aerosols, such as AS, and gas phase glyoxal alters the aerosols' optical, physical and chemical properties and may have implications on the radiative effect of these aerosols.