Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geographic Influence Upon Noninfectious Diseases Accounting for Fever of Unknown Origin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract Background Diagnostic outcomes for fever of unknown origin (FUO) remain with notable numbers of undiagnosed cases. A recent systemic review and meta-analysis of studies reported geographic variation in FUO-related infectious diseases. Whether geography influences types of FUO noninfectious diagnoses deserves examination. Methods We systematically searched Medline (PubMed), Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using medical subject headings published from January 1, 1997 to March 31, 2021. Prospective clinical studies investigating participants meeting adult FUO defining criteria were selected if they assessed final diagnoses. Meta-analyses were based on the random-effects model according to World Health Organization (WHO) geographical regions. Results Nineteen studies with significant heterogeneity were analyzed, totaling 2667 participants. Noninfectious inflammatory disorders had a pooled estimate at 20.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.0%–23.0%). Undiagnosed illness had a pooled estimate of 20.0% (95% CI, 14.0%–26.0%). The pooled estimate for cancer was 15.0% (95% CI, 12.0%–18.0%). Miscellaneous conditions had a pooled estimate of 6.0% (95% CI, 4.0%–8.0%). Noninfectious inflammatory disorders and miscellaneous conditions were most prevalent in the Western Pacific region with a 27.0% pooled estimate (95% CI, 20.0%–34.0%) and 9.0% (95% CI, 7.0%–11.0%), respectively. The highest pooled estimated for cancer was in the Eastern Mediterranean region at 25.0% (95% CI, 18.0%–32.0%). Adult-onset Still’s disease (114 [58.5%]), systemic lupus (52 [26.7%]), and giant-cell arteritis (40 [68.9%]) predominated among the noninfectious inflammatory group. Lymphoma (164 [70.1%]) was the most common diagnosis in the cancer group. Conclusions In this systematic review and meta-analysis, noninfectious disease diagnostic outcomes varied among WHO-defined geographies. Evaluations for FUO should include local variations in disease prevalence.
Examining the Associations of Physical Appearance Perfectionism with Disordered Eating Behaviors in Young Chinese Gay Men

Previous research has shown that those with a high level of perfectionism are more prone to the negative effects of body image exposure on self-evaluation. However, the negative effects of physical appearance, an area where individuals may present perfectionism, have not been studied well. This study aims to understand the relationships between the constructs of perfectionism, appearance comparisons, and body dissatisfaction with disordered eating behavior. The current study examined the association between the two sub-dimensions of physical appearance perfectionism scale (i.e., worry about imperfection and hope for perfection) and disordered eating behavior in young Chinese gay men. A total of 234 respondents were selected by convenience sampling and snowball sampling. Four questionnaires were administered (i.e., Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale, Eating Attitude Test, Physical Appearance Comparison Scale, Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Evaluation Subscale). The results indicated that 34% of gay men in the sample met criteria for elevated risk of eating disorders, multiple regression analysis found that worry about imperfections had a direct effect on disordered eating behavior in young Chinese gay men, whereas hope for perfection did not show a significant direct effect on disordered eating behavior. The two sub-dimensions of physical appearance perfectionism have an indirect effect on disordered eating behavior, mediated by physical appearance comparison. However, the results showed that worry about imperfection and hope for perfection did not have an indirect effect on disordered eating behavior with body dissatisfaction as mediators.
Circulating miR-1246 and miR-485-3p as Promising Biomarkers of Clinical Response and Outcome in Melanoma Patients Treated with Targeted Therapy

Simple Summary Several therapeutic options exist for patients with advanced BRAF-mutant melanoma. Biomarkers able to identify patients with refractory disease or with poor progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) expectancy with respect to specific treatments might allow a more personalized therapeutic approach. Here, we profiled plasma miRNAs at baseline and at progression in patients treated with BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) or BRAFi + MEKi. Selected miRNAs associated with response to therapy were subjected to validation by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC), Kaplan–Meier and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed on miR-1246 and miR-485-3p baseline levels to assess their ability to discriminate between responding and non-responding patients and to determine their prognostic value for PFS and OS. Globally, our results suggest that circulating miR-1246 and miR-485-3p could be valuable biomarkers for identifying patients most likely to be resistant to targeted therapy or with a poor expectancy of PFS and OS. Prospective studies in a larger cohort of patients are warranted. Abstract Despite the significant improvements in advanced melanoma therapy, there is still a pressing need for biomarkers that can predict patient response and prognosis, and therefore support rational treatment decisions. Here, we investigated whether circulating miRNAs could be biomarkers of clinical outcomes in patients treated with targeted therapy. Using next-generation sequencing, we profiled plasma miRNAs at baseline and at progression in patients treated with BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) or BRAFi + MEKi. Selected miRNAs associated with response to therapy were subjected to validation by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC), Kaplan–Meier and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed on the validated miR-1246 and miR-485-3p baseline levels. The median baseline levels of miR-1246 and miR-485-3p were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in the group of patients not responding to therapy (NRs) as compared with the group of responding patients (Rs). In Rs, a trend toward an increase in miR-1246 and a decrease in miR-485-3p was observed at progression. Baseline miR-1246 level and the miR-1246/miR-485-3p ratio showed a good ability to discriminate between Rs and NRs. Poorer PFS and OS were observed in patients with unfavorable levels of at least one miRNA. In multivariate analysis, a low level of miR-485-3p and a high miR-1246/miR-485-3p ratio remained independent negative prognostic factors for PFS, while a high miR-1246/miR-485-3p ratio was associated with an increased risk of mortality, although statistical significance was not reached. Evaluation of miR-1246 and miR-485-3p baseline plasma levels might help clinicians to identify melanoma patients most likely to be unresponsive to targeted therapy or at higher risk for short-term PFS and mortality, thus improving their management.
Pseudotumor Cerebri Secondary to Jugular Bulb Thrombosis: A Case Report and a Review of the Diagnostic Steps

Pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) secondary to cerebral venous sinus thrombosis can be a difficult diagnosis to make for various reasons, including an atypical patient profile and potentially pleomorphic signs and symptoms. The symptoms can be insidious and can evolve acutely, subacutely, or chronically. To complicate the picture even further, neurodiagnostic testing can be particularly troublesome due to both false-positive and false-negative results. Frequently, multiple imaging modalities are variably deployed, and they include computed tomography (CT) with and without contrast, computed tomography venogram (CTV), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) of the brain. The thrombus can be quite subtle, requiring the seasoned eye of an experienced neuroradiologist. Nevertheless, when a diagnosis is made, the treatment can be highly efficacious and gratifying as it can prevent serious visual complications. We present a rare case of PTC due to a jugular bulb thrombosis and outline the challenging diagnostic steps.
Applications of Graphs in Chemistry and Physics

Introductory Remarks (J.W. Kennedy, L.V. Quintas). Alternating 6-Cycles in Perfect Matchings of Graphs Representing Condensed Benzenoid Hydrocarbons (A.T. Balaban, I. Tomescu). Determining Structural Similarity of Chemicals using Graph-Theoretic Indices (S.C. Basak, V.R. Magnuson, G.J. Niemi, R.R. Regal). Graph Embedding in SYNCHEM2, an Expert System for Organic Synthesis Discovery (J.D. Benstock, D.J. Berndt, K.K. Agarwal). Branching in Graphs and Molecules (S.H. Bertz). Low Density Series Expansions for Backbone Properties of Percolation Clusters (F.M. Bhatti, J.W. Essam). Threshold Phenomena in Random Structures (J.E. Cohen). Shortest-Path Problems and Molecular Conformation (A.W.M. Dress, T.F. Havel). Binomial-Combinatorial Properties of Clar Structures (S. El-Basil). Symmetries of Knotted Hypothetical Molecular Graphs (E. Flapan). Some Applications of Graph Theory to the Study of Polymer Configuration (H. Galina, M.M. Syslo). Antigenesis: A Cascade-Theoretical Analysis of the Size Distributions of Antigen-Antibody Complexes (R. Gross, J.W. Kennedy, L.V. Quintas, M.L. Yarmush). Spectral Properties of Some Structurally Related Graphs (I. Gutman, A. Graovac, O.E. Polansky). Embedding and Characterization of Quantum Chemical Reaction Graphs on Two-Dimensional Orientable Surfaces (F. Harary, P.G. Mezey). The Principle of Valency Conservation, 1. The Skeleton Influence on Pericyclic Reactions (E.C. Hass, P.J. Plath). On Some Counting Polynomials in Chemistry (H. Hosoya). Combinatorial Characterization of Hexagonal Systems (A.D. Jovanovic). Random Hypergraphs and Topological Gelation Criterion for Crosslinked Polymer Systems (W. Klonowski). Redfield's Papers and Their Relevance to Counting Isomers and Isomerizations (E.K. Lloyd). Space-Time `Bonds', Electromagnetism and Graphs (L. Peusner). The Challenge of Characterizing Branching in Molecular Species (D.H. Rouvray). Interacting Dimers on a Sierpinski Gasket (W.A. Seitz, D.J. Klein, G.E. Hite). Chemical Graphs Enumeration and Chemical Reactivity: Thermodynamic and Kinetic Considerations (Z. Slanina). New Results on the Enumeration of Non-Intersecting Random Walks (H.N.V. Temperley). Positive Feedback Loops and Multistationarity (R. Thomas, J. Richelle). Graphical Representation of Regular Resonance Structures and Their Linear Dependence (T.P. Zivkovic). Author Index.
Basic taste sensitivity, eating behaviour, food propensity and BMI of preadolescent children: How are they related?

Background Taste sensitivity has been reported to influence children’s eating behaviour and contribute to their food preferences and intake. This study aimed to investigate the associations between taste sensitivity, eating behaviour, food frequency and BMI (Body Mass Index) in preadolescents. Methods Preadolescents’ taste sensitivity was measured by detection threshold of sweetness (sucrose), sourness (citric acid), saltiness (sodium chloride), bitterness (caffeine, quinine), and umami (monosodium glutamate). In addition, the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ), the Food Propensity Questionnaire (FPQ) measuring food frequency, and the children’s body weight and height were completed by the parents. A total of 69 child-parent dyads participated (preadolescents mean age =10.9 years). Results Taste sensitivity to caffeine bitterness was significantly associated with eating behaviour in food responsiveness, emotional overeating, and desire to drink. The preadolescents who were less sensitive to caffeine bitterness had higher food responsiveness scores. Those who were less sensitive to caffeine bitterness and to sweetness had higher emotional overeating scores. In addition, preadolescents who were less sensitive to sourness and bitterness of both caffeine and quinine demonstrated to have higher scores in desire to drink. There was no association between taste sensitivity and FPQ, but significant differences were observed across preadolescents’ BMI for FPQ of dairy food items, indicating higher consumption of low-fat milk in the overweight/obese compared to the underweight/normal-weight subjects. There was no significant difference in taste sensitivity according to BMI. Preadolescents’ eating behaviour differed across BMI, demonstrating a positive association between BMI and food approach, and a negative association between BMI and food avoidance. Conclusions This study contributes to the preliminary understanding of the relationships between taste sensitivity and eating behaviour in preadolescents. The results may be used to develop effective strategies to promote healthy eating practices by considering taste sensitivity in preadolescents.
A Sentiment Corpus for South African Under-Resourced Languages in a Multilingual Context

Multilingual sentiment analysis is a process of detecting and classifying sentiment based on textual information written in multiple languages. There has been tremendous research advancement on high-resourced languages such as English. However, progress on under-resourced languages remains underrepresented with limited opportunities for further development of natural language processing (NLP) technologies. Sentiment analysis (SA) for under-resourced language still is a skewed research area. Although, there are some considerable efforts in emerging African countries to develop such resources for under-resourced languages, languages such as indigenous South African languages still suffer from a lack of datasets. To the best of our knowledge, there is currently no dataset dedicated to SA research for South African languages in a multilingual context, i.e. comments are in different languages and may contain code-switching. In this paper, we present the first subset of the multilingual sentiment corpus SAfriSenti for the three most widely spoken languages in South Africa—English, Sepedi (i.e. Northern Sotho), and Setswana. This subset consists of over 40,000 annotated tweets in all the three languages including even 36.6% of code-switched texts. We present data collection, cleaning and annotation strategies that were followed to curate the dataset for these languages. Furthermore, we describe how we developed language-specific sentiment lexicons, morpheme-based sentiment taggers, conduct linguistic analyses and present possible solutions for the challenges of this sentiment dataset. We will release the dataset and sentiment lexicons to the research communities to advance the NLP research of under-resourced languages.
Study on contact load and preload characteristics of cylindrical roller bearings with triple-lobe raceway

The suitable preload design of cylindrical roller bearing with triple-lobe raceway can avoid effectively bearing sliding damage. To realize the preload characteristics analysis of bearing, the quasi-static numerical model of cylindrical roller bearing with triple-lobe raceway is established and solved by the improved Newton-Raphson method. Taking a cylindrical roller bearing with triple-lobe raceway as an example, the effects of mounting radial clearance, outer raceway waveform value, radial load and rotational speed on maximum contact load and preload of the bearing are analyzed. The results show that the preload of cylindrical roller bearing with triple-lobe raceway can be controlled by adjusting the mounting radial clearance and outer triple-lobe raceway waveform value according to the radial load and rotational speed conditions. The bearing temperature trend predicted by the preload characteristic is verified by the test. It indicates the numerical model can effectively guide the preload quantitative design of cylindrical roller bearing with triple-lobe raceway.
Spectral Efficiency Enhancement for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Assisted MIMO System

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have emerged as promising contenders for enabling sixth-generation (6G) physical wireless platforms. RISs fine-tune wireless networks to optimize the spectrum and energy use. This article explores the design challenge of a joint beamforming strategy for increasing throughput at the AP and RIS sides. To address this challenging problem, we created an iterative algorithm, that makes use of the Duality Theory and the Alternating Optimization technique called the DAO algorithm. Due to the given problem's non-convexity and difficulty with variable coupling, the proposed Algorithm divides the optimization problem of the coupled variables into four distinct optimization sub-problems by introducing new supporting variables. The alternate optimization strategy handles the issue sequentially by iteratively updating these new variables, the active beamformer, and the non-active beamformer. Finally, the simulation results indicate that we achieve about a 30% spectrum boost over the standard network without RIS for a certain system and circumstances scenario.
Blockchain-based student certificate management and system sharing using hyperledger fabric platform

One of the major capabilities of blockchain technology is the sharing of data in verifiable ways without losing control of information possession. Issuing and verifying student certifications for higher study applications or job recruitment require many steps that take days to complete and are considered time-consuming. Most universities around the world use centralized systems to control the entire procedure when a graduate applies for a job or postgraduate studies. Applying blockchain technology to certificate verification protocols through a comprehensive architecture provides authenticity and reduces time significantly. In this paper, a framework has been proposed to issue student certifications locally in addition to sharing them across the internet while maintaining control and ownership of the certifications. This framework leverages the advantages of blockchain technology to electronic certification sharing and verification. Applying the proposed blockchain-based certification system in universities will provide low latency for issuing, sharing, and verification of these certifications. The paper presents the proposed blockchain-based framework for e-certification sharing and an evaluation of the framework, which consists of measuring the average time to issue a certificate and transaction latency time.
Adaptive Energy - Efficient Variation - Aware Dynamic Frequency Management

Background and Objectives: Considering the fast growing low-power internet of things, the power/energy and performance constraints have become more challenging in design and operation time. Static and dynamic variations make the situation worse in terms of reliability, performance, and energy consumption. In this work, a novel slack measurement circuit is proposed to have precise frequency management based on timing violation measurement. Methods: the Proposed slack measurement circuit is based on measuring the delay difference between the edge clock pulse and possible transition on path end-points (primary outputs of design). The output of the proposed slack monitoring circuits is a digital code related to the current state of target critical path delay. In order to convert this digital code to equivalent delay difference, the delay of a reference gate is mandatory which is the basic unit in the proposed monitor. This monitor enables the design to have more precise and efficient frequency management, while maintaining the correct functionality regarding low-power mode. Results: Applying this method on a MIPS processor reduces the amount of performance penalty and recovery energy overhead up to 30% with only 2% additional hardware. Results for benchmark applications in low-power mode, show 7-30% power improvement in normal execution mode. If the application is resilient against occurred errors duo to timing violations, the proposed method achieves 20-60% power reduction considering approximate computation as long as application is showing resilience. The performance of the proposed method depends on the degree of application resilience against the timing errors. In order to keep generality of the proposed monitor for different applications, the resilience threshold is user programmable to configure according to the requirements of each application. Conclusion: The results show that precise frequency scheduling is more energy/power efficient in static and dynamic variation management. Utilizing a proper monitor capable of measuring the amount of violation will help to have finer frequency management. On the other hand, this method will help to use the resilience of application according to estimation about the possible error value based on measured violation amount.
Rethinking Responsive Feeding: Insights from Bangladesh

Young children’s growth is influenced by food and feeding behavior. Responsive feeding has been shown to promote healthy growth and development, to prevent under- and overfeeding, and to encourage children’s self-regulation. However, most measures of responsive feeding do not incorporate bidirectional mother-infant responsivity or early learning principles and have not been validated against observations. To overcome these gaps, we laid the groundwork for a responsive feeding measure based on a community sample of 67 mothers and their 6–18-month-old children in Bangladesh. Children were weighed and measured. Mothers reported on their child’s dietary intake and responded to a 38-item responsive feeding questionnaire developed through a 2-phase Delphi procedure. Based on a video-recorded feeding observation, mother-child dyads were categorized into proximal (43%) and distal (57%) responsivity groups. Using stepwise logistic regression, a 9-item model from the responsive feeding questionnaire had excellent fit (AUC = 0.93), sensitivity (90%), specificity (89%), positive predictive value (87%), and negative predictive value (93%). Proximal responsivity was characterized by maternal concerns about children’s dietary intake. Distal responsivity was characterized by maternal perception of children’s happy mood during feeding. Findings support responsive feeding as modulating between proximal and distal responsivity, promoting autonomy, self-regulation, and enabling children to acquire and practice healthy eating behaviors.