Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bridging Mindset Theory and Attribution Theory: A Longitudinal Exploration of Students’ Belief Patterns in Their Early Years of College

Author(s): khan, tarana | Advisor(s): Eccles, Jacquelynne S. | Abstract: I explored the interrelation of students’ general intelligence mindsets, context-specific mindsets, and attributions in the early years of college. Dweck and her colleagues have proposed that a set of beliefs, called mindsets, regarding the malleability of one’s intelligence and other characteristics, play a key role in how we respond to academic difficulties and failures. Mindsets have typically been understood as two separate worldviews—you can either have a growth mindset or a fixed mindset. However, there is a lesser explored possibility that students may endorse a mixture of both mindsets. Although Dweck has suggested that it is indeed possible for individuals to adjust their mindsets, mindsets have typically been thought of as stable traits, but there is little empirical support for whether this is true. Furthermore, little is known about how general mindsets compare to domain or context-specific mindsets. Past research has shown that specific attributions moderate the relationship between general mindsets and many achievement-related outcomes, but it is unclear how context-specific mindsets are related to context-specific attributions. Most studies have taken variable centered approaches to understanding how single attributions and one type of mindset impact achievement and motivation, but this is a limited story. In the first study of this dissertation, I explored the stability and development of mindset beliefs over an academic quarter in two different academic contexts (hardest and easiest course). I also created homogenous subgroups of individuals who hold similar general and course-specific growth mindset and fixed mindset patterns and looked at how these patterns develop over time. In the second study, I utilized examined how context-specific growth and fixed mindsets were related to students’ effort and ability attributions, respectively, in a challenging course context. In the third study, I used cluster analysis to find homogenous groups of students with similar mindsets and attribution patterns, exploring how these patterns were associated with academic performance indicators and students’ motivation-related beliefs. The results of these studies have implications for understanding how college students’ mindsets and attributions develop and change in differing academic contexts during the early years of college.
Daily changes in pain, mood and physical function in youth hospitalized for sickle cell disease pain

BACKGROUND: Youth with sickle cell disease (SCD) are commonly hospitalized for treatment of painful vaso-occlusive episodes (VOE). However, limited data are available concerning the course of hospitalization for these children and adolescents and, in particular, whether daily changes occur in pain, emotional status and physical function.
The role of explicit knowledge and experience with accent in the acquisition of second language sounds

The speech of second language learners is often influenced by phonetic patterns of their first language. This can make them difficult to understand, but sometimes for listeners of the same first language to a lesser extent than for native listeners. The present study investigates listeners' awareness of the accent by asking whether accented speech is not only more intelligible but also more acceptable to nonnative than native listeners. English native speakers and German learners rated the goodness of words spoken by other German learners. Production quality was determined by measuring acoustic differences between minimal pairs with “easy” vs. “difficult” sounds. Higher proficient learners were more sensitive to differences in production quality and between easy and difficult sounds, patterning with native listeners. Lower proficient learners did not perceive such differences. Perceiving accented productions as good instances of L2 words may hinder development since the need for improvement may not be obvious. A version of this chapter was published in the Journal of Studies in Second Language Acquisition (Eger & Reinisch, 2019b) Acoustic Cues and Proficiency in Accent Perception
COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL APPROACH IN PHYSICAL HEALTH COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT

The article is devoted to the research of cognitive-behavioral approach implementation specifics in psychological consulting aimed at physical health competence development. The purpose was revealed as well as the main notions of social-cognitive approach that was elaborated by A. Bandura and further on developed by the representatives of his school. In particular, the main notions were reviewed such as: self-efficiency, acquired self-helplessness, control scale, competence. According to A. Bandura the notion of self-efficacy means individual confidence in themselves and ability to execute certain activity. Meanwhile acquiring self-efficacy can be done the following ways: ability to develop behavior, experience, verbal opinions, and emotional state. The comparative analysis of the notions ‘competence’ and ‘competency’ was done. The conclusion was drawn that the notion of ‘competence’ means individual ability to efficiently perform some activity, such as confidence in oneself and one’s capabilities to do some activity, but the notion of ‘competency’ means the level of the capability implementation. The cognitive-behavioral approach (A. Beck, A. Ellis) was validated, the working model for psychological problem with the help of cognitive behavioral scheme. Within the cognitive behavioral approach the essence of the competency amounts to the set of the following components: cognitive, emotional, and behavioral. The analysis of the notions ‘physical health’ and ‘physical health competence’ was done. It was shown the experimental research results aimed at individual physical heath competence development. The research result comparison of the development level of physical health competence before the beginning and after the end of experimental research tell us about the increase in amount of people under study with the high level of self-efficacy in actions focused on physical health self-improvement. The conclusion was made that cognitive behavioral approach implementation is effective for physical health competence development.
Mongolian traditional sports - on the cultural change of Nadam.

Through studying the surface and deep change in Nadam culture and the revitalization of Nadam advantageous cultural resources,this paper argues that the revitalization and development of Nadam cultural resources should focus on the excavation of the cultural resources of Mongolian traditional sports by actively rescuing the disappearing outstanding cultural heritage and making efforts to develop national cultural resources in order to achieve the interaction between Nadam culture and socio-economy,Nadam cultural inside and modern culture.
International Trade and Growth: The Impact of Seletion and Imitation

This paper develops an endogenous growth model with heterogeneous firms to analyze the impact of intra-industry trade on productivity growth. Growth is generated by selection, and sustained by entrants imitating successful incumbents. Firms are subject to idiosyncratic productivity shocks and some firms, mostly those with relatively low productivity levels, are forced to exit. This results in an increase in average productivity of the economy. The intraindustry effect of trade works through self-selection of the most productive firms into the export market. It leads to a reallocation of resources towards more efficient firms. Since the effect of selection and imitation on growth is amplified by the trade-induced selection process, opening up to trade increases the growth rate of productivity.
Neighborhood Walkability or Third Places? Determinants of Social Support and Loneliness among Older Adults

In the context of creating age-friendly communities, this paper examines the effects of neighborhood walkability and third places on older adults’ social connectedness. The subject was older adult homeowners aged sixty-five years and above in the context of American college towns. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used, controlling personal abilities and sociodemographic factors. Third places positively influenced older adults’ social support network, but it was not associated with loneliness. Objective and perceived neighborhood accessibility had no association with either social support network or loneliness in later life. Findings suggest that planners and developers should prioritize third places in designing for active living.
Moving Beyond Sentiment Analysis

While social media data present a plethora of new opportunities to study interpersonal political communication in ways often not feasible in the study of face-to-face conversations, the vast majority of research to date addresses content solely via data-driven sentiment analysis instead of theory-driven political communication analysis. This chapter argues that a fruitful path forward using textual social media data is to think more seriously about what can be learned broadly about the processes of interpersonal political communication, both online and offline. Social media data can be used to better understand phenomena about which a considerable amount is known, such as opinion leadership and emotional response to elite political communication. These data are also uniquely suited to study phenomena that have been previously unexplored because of a lack of suitable information, such as the operation of emotion in interpersonal political communication.
Redefining Media Agendas: Topic Problematization in Online Reader Comments

Media audiences representing a significant portion of the public in any given country may hold opinions on media-generated definitions of social problems which differ from those of media professionals. The proliferation of online reader comments not only makes such opinions available but also alters the process of agenda formation and problem definition in the public space. Based on a dataset of 33,877 news items and 258,121 comments from a sample of regional Russian newspapers we investigate readers’ perceptions of social problems. We find that the volume of attention paid to issues or topics by the media and the importance of those issues for audiences, as judged by the number of their comments, diverge. Further, while the prevalence of general negative sentiment in comments accompanies such topics as disasters and accidents that are not perceived as social problems, a high level of sentiment polarization in comments does suggest issue problematization. It is also positively related to topic importance for the audience. Thus, instead of finding fixed social problem definitions in the reader comments, we observe the process of problem formation, where different points of view clash. These perceptions are not necessarily those expressed in media texts since the latter are predominantly “hard” news covering separate events, rather than trends or issues. As our research suggests, problematization emerges from readers’ background knowledge, external experience, or values.
Inquiry-based learning and the pre-requisite for its use in science at school: A meta-analysis

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the pre-requisite for and the efficacy of inquiry-based learning to improve academic performance in contrast to traditional lessons. Randomised studies with pre- and post-test design with control and treatment groups were filtered with a priori inclusion criteria and analysed in Review Manager (2014). Out of the results in ERIC 13 studies were found, which show that inquiry-based learning can be more effective when the students and the teachers are well-prepared (Messner, 2009). The results of this meta-analysis of the studies between 2011 and 2017, as well as the theory in the literature, show that there is a positive effect size towards its regular implementation in primary (d= 0.67) and secondary schools (d = 0.81). Therefore, there should be more inquiry-based learning lessons taught in science and in other school subjects and the pre-requisite according to Messner (2009) have an effect of d = 0.88.
Feasibility and Acceptability of an Interactive Mental Well-Being Intervention for People With Intellectual Disabilities: Pilot Mixed Methods Study

Background The availability of both digital and traditional mental well-being interventions is rising, but these interventions typically do not consider people with intellectual disabilities as potential users. Objective The study aimed to explore the acceptability and feasibility of a new digital intervention, developed with and for people with intellectual disabilities, to improve their subjective well-being. Methods Using a single-group pre-post design, participants with intellectual disabilities and their caregivers completed the 4-week intervention. Mixed methods questionnaires assessed the acceptability of the intervention, in addition to self-report and proxy-report measures of subjective well-being and behavioral problems. Results A total of 12 men with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities enrolled in and completed the study alongside 8 caregivers. Participant acceptability of the intervention was high, and feedback covered multiple aspects of the intervention, including (1) program concept and design, (2) program content, and (3) intervention usage. Self-rated mood barometers indicated mood improvements for 5 participants, deteriorations for 2 participants, and no observed changes for the remaining participants. Statistical analyses yielded no difference from pretest (median=79; range 39-86) to posttest (median=79; range 21-96) for subjective well-being in people with intellectual disabilities (W=10.5; P=.17) and for behavioral problems (W=14; P=.05). Conclusions People with intellectual disabilities and their caregivers are receptive to using digital well-being interventions, and this research shows such interventions to be feasible in routine practice. Given the acceptability of the intervention, its potential efficacy can now be evaluated in people with intellectual disabilities and symptoms of reduced mental well-being.
Proxy respondents in a case-control study: validity, reliability and impact

In many research settings, the study subject is unable to provide responses, requiring researchers to find alternative respondents. This thesis explores the use of proxy respondents in a case control study of premature mortality among Russian men of working age (25-54 years). Data obtained from proxy respondents is explored in four ways. Firstly, proxy questionnaire responses are validated against external data sources which were routinely collected, blind to case-control status - the city alcohol treatment clinic (Narcology Dispensary), Social Security and Police records. Secondly, agreement between proxy and index (control) responses to questions about alcohol use, tobacco use, health and socioeconomic factors is explored. Thirdly, the effect of proxy type is explored by examination of proxy-proxy and index-proxy agreement in a subset of households in which two proxy interviews were obtained. Finally, the impact on analysis outcomes is explored by mortality analyses using proxy versus index data. Cohen's kappa coefficient was used to explore inter-respondent agreement. Differences in agreement between pairs of respondents were examined using Agresti's loglinear model, and the directionality of disagreements were evaluated using McNemar's test. Findings confirm some assertions in the literature. Questions about easily observable characteristics and behaviours, avoiding excessive detail, subjective or sensitive topics, elicit valid proxy responses. Proxies tend to over-report alcohol use, but provide particularly valid responses about tobacco use and socioeconomic factors. Validity was highest among proxies who were the index's spouse. However, further exploration suggested that men who have spouses differ in their behaviour from men who do not in ways which affect its reporting. There was little additional evidence that proxy characteristics affect validity. The use of proxy responses biases odds ratios in this case control study toward more conservative estimates. These findings are generalisable to study settings which employ a protocol to ensure selection of the best available proxy.
End Coercion in Mental Health Services—Toward a System Based on Support Only

Based on the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), several UN bodies, among them the High Commissioner for Human Rights, have argued for a complete ban of all coercive interventions in mental health care. The authors conceptualize a system for mental health care based on support only. Psychiatry loses its function as an agent of social control and follows the will and preferences of those who require support. The authors draw up scenarios for dealing with risk, inpatient care, police custody, and mental illness in prison. With such a shift, mental health services could earn the trust of service users and thereby improve treatment outcomes.
Diversifying Information Literacy Research: An Informed Learning Perspective

This article uses the idea of informed learning, an interpretation of information literacy that focuses on people’s information experiences rather than their skills or attributes, to analyse the character of using information to learn in diverse communities and settings, including digital, faith, indigenous and ethnic communities. While researchers of information behaviour or information seeking and use have investi- AU :2 gated people’s information worlds in diverse contexts, this work is still at its earliest stages in the information literacy domain. To date, information literacy research has largely occurred in what might be considered mainstream educational and workplace contexts, with some emerging work in community settings. These have been mostly in academic libraries, schools and government workplaces. What does information literacy look like beyond these environments? How might we understand the experience of effective information use in a range of community settings, from the perspective of empirical research and other sources? The article concludes by commenting on the significance of diversifying the range of information experience contexts,for information literacy research and professional practice.
Momentum’s Hidden Sensitivity to theStarting Day

In this article, the authors show that the profitability of time-series momentum strategies on commodity futures across their entire history is strongly sensitive to the starting day. When using daily returns with 252-day formation periods and 21-day holding periods, the Sharpe ratio depends on whether one starts on the first day, the second day, and so on, until the 21st day. This sensitivity is higher for shorter trading periods. The same results also hold in simulations of independent and identically lognormally distributed returns, showing that this is not just an empirical pattern but a fundamental issue with momentum strategies. Portfolio managers should be aware of this latent risk: Starting trading the same strategy on the same underlying but one day later could, even after many decades, turn a successful strategy into an unsuccessful one.
Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC)

“Having compassion for oneself is really no different than having compassion for others. Think about what the experience of compassion feels like. First, to have compassion for others you must notice that they are suffering. If you ignore that homeless person on the street, you can’t feel compassion for how difficult his or her experience is. Second, compassion involves feeling moved by others’ suffering so that your heart responds to their pain (the word compassion literally means to “suffer with”). When this occurs, you feel warmth, caring, and the desire to help the suffering person in some way. Having compassion also means that you offer understanding and kindness to others when they fail or make mistakes, rather than judging them harshly. Finally, when you feel compassion for another (rather than mere pity), it means that you realize that suffering, failure, and imperfection is part of the shared human experience. ‘There but for fortune go I. ’
Solidarity at Work: Concepts, Levels and Challenges

Solidarity is not a unified phenomenon with unchanging qualities; it partakes of moral, political and performative elements that are underpinned and reinforced by a shared work context, an organisational infrastructure and an institutional frame which together create distinctive path dependencies in solidarity across different forms of capitalism. Neo-liberalism has challenged these path dependencies by changing the material conditions and the ideological terrain, by heightening the diversity of the workforce, by restructuring the institutional context. However, this is not the end of solidarity and the article addresses the question of what sort of solidarities are now emerging and how.
Ecological Maintenance: New Concepts and Approaches

This study discusses the difficulties in current ecological maintenance, re-interprets the concept of technology under multicultural context, and explores the diversified development and environmental protection approaches. It is suggested that the current ecological crisis is not a qualitative, but a quantitative problem, which can be solved by human society itself. In order to construct a new concept on ecological maintenance, it requires humans to sort out the traditional ecological knowledge case by case, to inspire the confidence of people of all ethnic groups in their own knowledge, to improve the ecological knowledge and skills of the region, to give full play to the ecological knowledge value in this region, and finally to realize sustainable ecological maintenance.
What drives business cycle synchronization? BMA results from the European Union

ABSTRACT The last twenty years have brought a bulk of inconsistent results on the determinants of business cycle synchronization (BCS). Researchers have usually focused their attention on a limited set of possible determinants, not accounting for model uncertainty. For these reasons, Bayesian Model Averaging has been applied in this paper to the dataset with 43 potential determinants of BCS for the EU. There is strong evidence to claim that migration, exchange rate variability, similarity of production structures, TFP shocks, similarity in exchange rate policy, intra-industry trade, risk sharing, and capital mobility are robust determinants of BCS. Some well-established determinants such as bilateral trade, monetary policy similarity, gravity variables, and participation in a monetary union and free trade area have turned out to be fragile. The structure of trade is more important for BCS than its magnitude, as intra-industry trade and structural similarity are taking explanatory power away from the bilateral trade.