Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NIM4 cesium fountain primary frequency standard: performance and evaluation

The NIM4 atomic fountain clock has been operating since August 2003. We in this paper report the experiments certifying its stability of 8E-13//spl tau//sup 1/2/, reproducibility of 5E-15, and present results of the first evaluation for its systematic frequency correction with an uncertainty of 8.5 E-15 during September to December 2003.
Identification of Amino Acids Conferring Chain Length Substrate Specificities on Fatty Alcohol-forming Reductases FAR5 and FAR8 from Arabidopsis thaliana*

Background: Fatty alcohols produced by fatty acyl reductases (FARs) have important biological roles. Results: Expression of Arabidopsis FAR5 and FAR8 mutants in yeast revealed amino acids important for their stability or substrate specificity. Conclusion: Amino acids 355 and 377 are 16:0 versus 18:0 chain length specificity determinants of FAR5 and FAR8. Significance: Engineered FAR enzymes with desired substrate specificities will enable production of high value products. Fatty alcohols play a variety of biological roles in all kingdoms of life. Fatty acyl reductase (FAR) enzymes catalyze the reduction of fatty acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) or fatty acyl-acyl carrier protein substrates to primary fatty alcohols. FAR enzymes have distinct substrate specificities with regard to chain length and degree of saturation. FAR5 (At3g44550) and FAR8 (At3g44560) from Arabidopsis thaliana are 85% identical at the amino acid level and are of equal length, but they possess distinct specificities for 18:0 or 16:0 acyl chain length, respectively. We used Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a heterologous expression system to assess FAR substrate specificity determinants. We identified individual amino acids that affect protein levels or 16:0-CoA versus 18:0-CoA specificity by expressing in yeast FAR5 and FAR8 domain-swap chimeras and site-specific mutants. We found that a threonine at position 347 and a serine at position 363 were important for high FAR5 and FAR8 protein accumulation in yeast and thus are likely important for protein folding and stability. Amino acids at positions 355 and 377 were important for dictating 16:0-CoA versus 18:0-CoA chain length specificity. Simultaneously converting alanine 355 and valine 377 of FAR5 to the corresponding FAR8 residues, leucine and methionine, respectively, almost fully converted FAR5 specificity from 18:0-CoA to 16:0-CoA. The reciprocal amino acid conversions, L355A and M377V, made in the active FAR8-S363P mutant background converted its specificity from 16:0-CoA to 18:0-CoA. This study is an important advancement in the engineering of highly active FAR proteins with desired specificities for the production of fatty alcohols with industrial value.
Synaptic plasticity and signaling in rett syndrome

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a disorder that is caused in the majority of cases by mutations in the gene methyl‐CpG‐binding protein‐2 (MeCP2). Children with RTT are generally characterized by normal development up to the first year and a half of age, after which they undergo a rapid regression marked by a deceleration of head growth, the onset of stereotyped hand movements, irregular breathing, and seizures. Animal models of RTT with good construct and face validity are available. Their analysis showed that homeostatic regulation of MeCP2 gene is necessary for normal CNS functioning and that multiple complex pathways involving different neuronal and glial cell types are disrupted in RTT models. However, it is increasingly clear that RTT pathogenetic mechanisms converge at synaptic level impairing synaptic transmission and plasticity. We review novel findings showing how specific synaptic mechanisms and related signaling pathways are affected in RTT models. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 178–196, 2014
Vision-assisted hovering control for an indoor micro aerial robot

Micro aerial robots can perform special tasks in narrow indoor environments with tiny size and flexible maneuverability. However, autonomous navigation is still a big challenge for micro aerial robots due to the limited payload for carrying sensors and the limited power of onboard computer. This paper presents a real-time, vision-assisted hovering control strategy for a 30-gram micro aerial robot. The architecture and the dynamic model of the aerial robot are provided. The attitude and position estimate algorithms and the control method are presented. The experimental results demonstrate that the strategy is a good and applicable method for micro aerial robots to hover autonomously in indoor environments.
Recruitment of IκBα to the hes1 promoter is associated with transcriptional repression

The NF-κB pathway plays a pivotal role in proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune responses in mammals. The NF-κB inhibitor, IκB, has classically been characterized for its ability to sequester NF-κB transcription factors in the cytoplasm. Nevertheless, a nuclear fraction of IκBα has consistently been detected and associated with repression of nuclear NF-κB. Now we show that IκBα physically associates with different repression elements such as nuclear corepressors and histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases (HDACs). More remarkably, chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that IκBα is recruited to the promoter regions of the Notch-target gene, hes1, together with HDAC1 and -5, whereas we did not detect IκBα associated with classical NF-κB target genes such as IL6 and RANTES. TNF-α treatment results in a temporary release of IκBα from the hes1 promoter that correlates with increased histone acetylation and transcriptional activation. In addition, we demonstrate that both IκB kinase-α and -β are simultaneously recruited to the hes1 promoter in response to TNF-α, coinciding with a maximum of IκBα release and gene activation. Moreover, TNF-α-dependent histone H3 acetylation, release of IκBα from the hes1 promoter, and hes1 mRNA synthesis are affected in IKK-α–/– mouse embryonic fibroblasts. We propose that IκBα plays a previously undescribed role in regulating the recruitment of repression elements to specific promoters. Recruitment of IKKs to the nucleus in response to TNF-α may induce chromatin-associated IκBα release and gene activation. These findings provide additional insight in the cross-talk between NF-κB and other signaling pathways.
Frequency Shifting And Filtering Algorithm for Power System Harmonic Estimation

Spectral leakage and picket fence effect in Fourier transform will affect the accuracy of harmonic analysis under asynchronous sampling. To overcome this defect, a novel algorithm for power system harmonic analysis called Frequency Shifting and Filtering (FSF) algorithm is proposed in this paper. In this method, a reference signal is given to shift the frequency of original signal. And then the filter process based on iterative smoothing filter is adopted to eliminate the interference components. Finally, accurate results of harmonic parameters could be obtained by calculating the variations between original and frequency shifting signal. Simulation results have validated that the proposed algorithm can increase the accuracy of harmonic analysis efficiently.
Veritesting Challenges in Symbolic Execution of Java

Scaling symbolic execution to industrial-sized programs is an important open research problem. Veritesting is a promising technique that improves scalability by combining the advantages of static symbolic execution with those of dynamic symbolic execution. The goal of veritesting is to reduce the number of paths to explore in symbolic execution by creating formulas describing regions of code using disjunctive formulas. In previous work, veritesting was applied to binary-level symbolic execution. Integrating veritesting with Java bytecode presents unique challenges: notably, incorporating non-local control jumps caused by runtime polymorphism, exceptions, native calls, and dynamic class loading. If these language features are not accounted for, we hypothesize that the static code regions described by veritesting are often small and may not lead to substantial reduction in paths. We examine this hypothesis by running a Soot-based static analysis on six large open-source projects used in the Defects4J collection. We find that while veritesting can be applied in thousands of regions, allowing static symbolic execution involving non-local control jumps amplifies the performance improvement obtained from veritesting. We hope to use these insights to support efficient veritesting in Symbolic PathFinder in the near future. Toward this end, we brie y address some engineering challenges to add veritesting into SPF.
Control of Walking Machines With Artificial Reflexes

This paper describes the augmentation of our concept for the locomotion control of multi-legged walking machines. The concept is based on a neural control with artificial reflexes to react on sensor input. It is improved with the help of new sensorics as well as an internal ground map, build up with sensor information. Parts of the general concept together with the used sensorics are introduced. The ground map and its generation as well as the collaboration between the different reflexes are shown. The presented methods are applied to the six-legged T ARRY I and TARRY II, but they are applicable to many other types of walking machines.
Use of the ADAMTS13 activity assay improved the accuracy and efficiency of the diagnosis and treatment of suspected acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

CONTEXT Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (A-TTP) is a rare but significant disease requiring rapid diagnosis and treatment. The diagnosis is often difficult because of variability in the presence of specific clinical criteria. The primary etiology of A-TTP involves inhibitors directed against ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13). Literature has shown that the ADAMTS13 activity assay is sensitive and specific for identifying cases of A-TTP, and application of this test as an on-site screening method has not been fully explored. OBJECTIVE Our objective is to determine if the ADAMTS13 activity assay can be used as a successful, on-site diagnostic modality to rapidly identify cases of A-TTP and prevent unnecessary use of prophylactic therapeutic plasma exchange. DESIGN A retrospective analysis was performed including 152 patients with clinically suspected A-TTP, screened using the ADAMTS13 activity assay. Results were correlated with potential therapeutic plasma exchange treatment for all cases highly suspicious for A-TTP and evaluated for unnecessary patient morbidity and financial cost. RESULTS The ADAMTS13 activity assay had an overall sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 99%, respectively. The positive predictive value was 91% and the negative predictive value was 100%. In 95% of the studies ordered, A-TTP was ruled out, leading to decreased patient morbidity and $1.7 million of potential treatment costs avoided. CONCLUSION Implementation of the fluorescence energy transfer-based ADAMTS13 activity assay as a point-of-care laboratory study decreased patient morbidity while also directing more efficient employment of therapeutic plasma exchange in cases of suspected A-TTP.
Insights from venous oxygen profiles: oxygen utilization and management in diving California sea lions

SUMMARY The management and depletion of O2 stores underlie the aerobic dive capacities of marine mammals. The California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) presumably optimizes O2 store management during all dives, but approaches its physiological limits during deep dives to greater than 300 m depth. Blood O2 comprises the largest component of total body O2 stores in adult sea lions. Therefore, we investigated venous blood O2 depletion during dives of California sea lions during maternal foraging trips to sea by: (1) recording venous partial pressure of O2 (PO2) profiles during dives, (2) characterizing the O2–hemoglobin (Hb) dissociation curve of sea lion Hb and (3) converting the PO2 profiles into percent Hb saturation (SO2) profiles using the dissociation curve. The O2–Hb dissociation curve was typical of other pinnipeds (P50=28±2 mmHg at pH 7.4). In 43% of dives, initial venous SO2 values were greater than 78% (estimated resting venous SO2), indicative of arterialization of venous blood. Blood O2 was far from depleted during routine shallow dives, with minimum venous SO2 values routinely greater than 50%. However, in deep dives greater than 4 min in duration, venous SO2 reached minimum values below 5% prior to the end of the dive, but then increased during the last 30–60 s of ascent. These deep dive profiles were consistent with transient venous blood O2 depletion followed by partial restoration of venous O2 through pulmonary gas exchange and peripheral blood flow during ascent. These differences in venous O2 profiles between shallow and deep dives of sea lions reflect distinct strategies of O2 store management and suggest that underlying cardiovascular responses will also differ.
ADD-ON TOPIRAMATE FOR THE PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA: A DOUBLE BLIND RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL

A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial was performed on 32 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (18-45 years old). Baseline information was gathered on demographic characteristics, vital signs, height, weight, smoking habit, (past) psychiatric history, drug history and adverse effects to medication. Patients were randomly assigned to topiramate group (n=16) or placebo one (n=16). Positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) was administered on each patient at baseline, on days 28 and 56.
Perineuronal nets affect parvalbumin expression in GABAergic neurons of the mouse hippocampus

Recent studies have suggested that the perineuronal net (PNN), a specialised extracellular matrix structure, and parvalbumin (PV), an EF‐hand calcium‐binding protein, are involved in the regulation of plasticity of neural circuits. Here, we aimed to quantitatively estimate the relationship between the two plasticity regulators, PV and PNNs, in the hippocampus of young adult mice. Dual fluorescence staining for PV and Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (a broad PNN marker) showed that a substantial population of PV‐expressing (PV+) GABAergic neurons lacked PNNs. Optical disector analysis demonstrated that there were fewer PNN+ neurons than PV+ neurons. The ratio of PNN expression in PV+ neurons was generally lower in the dendritic layers than in the principal cell layers, whereas the ratio of PV expression in PNN+ neurons was effectively 100%. The mean PV fluorescence was significantly higher in PNN+/PV+ neurons than in PNN−/PV+ neurons. Cumulative frequencies for single‐cell PV fluorescence indicated that intensely stained PV+ neurons tend to be enwrapped by PNNs, whereas weakly stained PV+ neurons are likely to lack PNNs. We digested the PNNs by a unilateral injection of chondroitinase ABC (chABC) into the dorsal CA1 region. Although the densities of PV+ neurons remained unchanged, the PV fluorescence declined 7 days after chABC injection. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated a reduction in PV mRNA expression following chABC injection. These findings indicate that the presence or absence of PNNs affects the relative PV expression in GABAergic neurons in the hippocampus.
Collision cross sections in gaseous electronics. II. Inelastic collisions

Collision cross sections are very important for understanding the complicated collision processes that occur in an electrical discharge. The significance of inelastic collisions with respect to total scattering cross sections has been explained in the article. The meaning of rotational and vibrational excitation and the corresponding cross sections have been explained for various types of target particles with a number of examples. Excitation levels and ionization cross sections also have been explained so that a nonspecialist may obtain an overview for the broad purpose of appreciating the role of these cross sections in the discharge phenomena. Though data are available in a number of gases, cross sections have not been measured in a large number of gases, particularly those that have environmental and industrial cleanliness interest, such as NO2, N2O, O3, NH3, etc
A genetic study of cleft lip and palate in Hawaii. I. Interracial crosses.

Genetic hypotheses for the etiology of cleft lip and palate have evolved considerably, gaining more complexity with time. From the first extensive study, FoghAndersen [ 1 ] concluded that isolated cleft palate was inherited as a simple dominant trait with greatly reduced penetrance, whereas cleft lip with or without cleft palate was possibly transmitted by a gene of variable penetrance which could act as a recessive or dominant depending on the genetic background. In recent years the concept of quasi-continuous variation [2] has been applied to explain the pathogenesis of cleft lip with or without cleft palate [3, 4]. According to the hypothesis, the factors responsible for production of the condition are multiple; these factors present a continuous distribution on the underlying scale, and the abnormality is expressed when an individual lies beyond a certain threshold level. In general, application of the concept of multifactorial inheritance to discrete human traits has been a subject of considerable theoretical interest in recent years. Falconer [5] introduced a method of estimating heritability of liability to such conditions. Models were further developed to arrive at estimates of recurrence risks to relatives by Edwards [6] using tetrachoric functions and by Smith [7, 8] taking advantage of numerical integration of the normal curve. Morton et al. [9] considered three models for complex segregation analysis under two modes of ascertainment. These were based on a two-allele, single-locus model, /8 distribution of risk, and normal distribution of liability, each giving rise to different estimates of recurrence risks. The method permits a comparison of the two-allele, single-locus model with the multifactorial one. In view of these developments, it seems highly desirable to make another critical test of the genetic basis for cleft lip and palate. The present investigation attempts to delineate genetic hypotheses, specifically with respect to single-locus versus multifactorial inheritance, and to arrive at more refined estimates of recurrence
3D Mesh Model Segmentation Using Marching Plane

Decomposing 3D mesh into meaningful components is a challenging research field in computer graphics. In this paper, we propose a segmentation algorithm which focuses on cutting out individual prominent parts from original mesh based on prominent feature point and marching plane. Our method first extracts prominent feature points which reside on tips of each prominent part of a given mesh. And then the mesh is intersected by a set of planes, namely, marching plane which marches from a prominent feature point. Through the marching process, we extract local cross sections and compute its area which can represent the local volumes. Finally, we can simply cut out the prominent part using marching plane, as the boundary of a prominent part usually lies on the place where the local volume varies rapidly. Experimental result shows our method invariant to the pose, robust to the noise and also competitive when compare to relative works.
The activity of a single‐stranded promoter of plasmid ColIb‐P9 depends on its secondary structure

The leading region of the conjugal bacterial plasmid ColIb‐P9 contains three dispersed repeats of a 328 bp sequence homologous to Frpo, a sequence from plasmid F that acts as a promoter in single‐stranded DNA. One of these sequences, ssi3, inactive in the double‐stranded form, promoted in vitro transcription exclusively from the single strand that is transferred during conjugation. Promoter activity was dependent on the presence of RNA polymerase holoenzyme containing sigma 70. Transcription initiated from the position predicted from folding the single‐stranded DNA to form a pseudo double‐stranded hairpin structure containing recognizable −35 and −10 promoter elements. Footprinting of RNA polymerase holoenzyme on single‐stranded ssi3 DNA was consistent with this suggestion. Mutagenesis of the putative −35 region inactivated the promoter, but random mutations in the −10 region had little effect. The putative −10 region is a poor match to the consensus sequence and contains mismatched bases. Elimination of these mismatches invariably destroyed single‐strand promoter activity. These observations reveal the crucial contribution of the unpaired bases in the −10 region in potentiating the formation of the productive open complex with RNA polymerase.
Restitution of function and collateral sprouting in the cat spinal cord: The partially hemisected animal

The hypothesis that collateral sprouting might be correlated with recovery of function was tested by a combination of behavioral and anatomical studies. Partial hemisections, sparing the dorsal columns, were made between T12 and L1 of cat spinal cord. Initially, all reflex and locomotor hindlimb activity was depressed ipsilaterally. During two postoperative weeks behavioral and electromyographic responses increased in response to intrinsic reflex elicitation but not to descending or crossed reflex elicitation. Marked improvement in use of the limb occurred as intrinsic reflex activity increased and became, in some cases, hyperactive. The status then remained stable for ten months. Since intrinsic reflexes are mediated by ipsilateral dorsal roots, the intraspinal distribution of L5 or L6 dorsal roots was determined by degeneration methods ten months after hemisection or by quantitative radioautography 20 days after hemisection. By both methods, the dorsal root distribution was found to be asymmetrical in the spinal gray. It was greater on the experimental side and the distribution was altered, having a greater distribution medially in Rexed's lamina VI and laterally in lamina VII. These anatomical changes are considered as signs of collateral sprouting from dorsal roots in response to degeneration of descending tracts on the same side. Dorsal root distribution to dorsal horn (laminae I–IV), motor nuclei, and nucleus gracilis is symmetrical. Regions of increased and of expanded dorsal root input can be correlated with electrophysiologically determined location of interneurons in the path of cutaneous reflexes and of stretch reflex facilitation. Behavioral and anatomical changes were selective; intrinsic reflexes recovered or became hyperactive and ipsilateral dorsal roots showed evidence of collateral sprouting during the recovery period, although a causal relationship between the two cannot be proven, by the present experiments.
Perindopril: possible use in cancer therapy

Since angiogenesis is essential for the growth of any solid tumor, emerging efforts are being made to develop antiangiogenic therapy. To date, however, no antiangiogenic agent has become widely available for the clinical setting. Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are commonly used as antihypertensive agents and it has recently been suggested that they decrease the risk of cancer. Studies have found that an ACE inhibitor, perindopril, is a potent inhibitor of experimental tumor development and angiogenesis at a clinically comparable dose. The potent angiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), is significantly suppressed by perindopril and also inhibits VEGF-induced tumor growth. In vitro studies showed that perindopril is not cytotoxic to either tumor cells or endothelial cells. Since perindopril is already in widespread clinical use without serious side effects, it may represent a potential new strategy for anticancer therapy.