Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Managerial intellectual capital on the internationalization of commercial banks in Kenya

Managerial intellectual capital is one of the attributes of a global mindset, associated with knowledge, skill level, and creation of an organization competitive advantage. This paper sought to delve into the concept of internationalization of commercial banks by examining the relationship between managerial intellectual capital and internationalization of commercial banks in Kenya. The paper used positivism philosophical approach and adopted cross-sectional descriptive research design. The target population was top and middle level managers in commercial banks in Kenya. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 to obtain both descriptive and inferential statistics. In addition, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to establish the influence of managerial global mindset attributes on internationalization of commercial banks in Kenya. The study established that there was a significant and positive relationship between human capital, relational capital and structural capital as attributes of managerial intellectual capital and internationalization of commercial banks in Kenya. Further, the study established that human capital, relational capital, and structural capital have significant influence on the success of internationalization strategy of commercial banks in Kenya. Thus, structural capital, human capital and relational capital, which are the managerial intellectual capital attributes, jointly influence the success of internationalization of commercial banks in Kenya. It is therefore recommended that when appointing managers, the management of commercial banks should consider factors such as an individual’s knowledge on global industry, global value networks, and global organization. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee SSBFNET, Istanbul, Turkey. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Movement patterns of coyotes in south central Washington

Ten coyotes (Canis latrans) fitted with radio transmitters on the U.S. Department of Energy Hanford Reservation in south central Washington were located daily over periods of 1-15 months. Because 82.9 of all locations were concentrated in only 6.9% of the total home range area, each home range was subdivided into an ''impact area'' and 1 or more ''core areas. '' An ''impact area'' was defined as an area through which a coyote traveled and within which it might have interacted with other animals. ''Core areas'' were relatively small regions of concentrated use. No relationships were found between daily movements and relative and absolute changes in mean daily temperature and mean daily barometric pressure, or moon phases. The measured movement parameters of daily movement, core area size, and home range size, respectively, changed by seasons: fall, 3.1 km, 5.3 km/sup 2/, 98.6 km/sup 2/; winter, 4.7 km, 13.2 km/sup 2/, 143 km/sup 2/; spring, 2.6 km, 8.3 km/sup 2/, 58.2 km/sup 2/; summer, 3.3 km/sup 2/, 54.5 km/sup 2/; overall, 3.4 km, 7.9 km/sup 2/, 92.4 km/sup 2/. Home ranges measured were larger than averages reported in the literature. The coyotes studied were subject to levels of disturbance lower than those reportedmore » for other populations. « less
Effect of Integrated Phosphorus Management on Growth and Yield of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a selfpollinated, annual, herbaceous, autotetrapliod legume with 2n = 40 chromosomes belonging to the family leguminoseae (Fabaceae). It is known by various names as “wondernut”, “Poor man‟s Cashewnut”, “Peanut” “Monkey nut”, “Earth nut” or “King of Oilseeds”. It is the thirteenth most important food crop of the International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 4 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Collective Decision-making: FIFA from the Perspective of Public Choice

Abstract Various scandals have shaken public confidence in football's global governing body, Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). It is evident that decision-making within such a collective provides incentives for corruption. We apply the Buchanan-Tullock model that is known from Public Choice theory to study collective decision-making within FIFA. On the basis of this theoretical model, we develop specific proposals that can contribute to combating corruption. Three core aspects are discussed: the selection of the World Cup host, transparency in the allocation of budgets, and clear guidelines for FIFA officials and bodies with regard to their rights and accountability. Our insights can contribute to a better understanding of collective decision making in heterogenous groups.
Multiscale Investigation of Water Chemistry Effects on Fish Guild Species Richness in Regulated and Nonregulated Rivers of India's Western Ghats: Implications for Restoration

Tropical rivers across the world are experiencing rapid degradation and loss of fish species due to flow regulation, pollution, and other anthropogenic pressures. Knowledge of how flow alterations at different scales affect tropical fish diversity remains limited, especially in terms of how resulting changes in water chemistry affect fish communities. We investigated fish guild composition and responses of guild richness to water chemistry in 120 river segments with and without local-scale water removals and pollution. This included two regulated subbasins (with flow regulation by barrages and large-scale water diversions) and two nonregulated subbasins (flows not regulated by these barriers) in India's Western Ghats. Using multivariate ordination and regression models, we identified covariates related to water chemistry and environmental characteristics that explained differences in fish species composition and species richness of three water column position-based fish guilds in the study area. At the subbasin scale, effects of water chemistry were stronger for individual river segments. At the segment scale, no differences in water chemistry were found between segments with and without water removals or pollution in both regulated and nonregulated subbasins. GuildCorresponding author: freshwater.biologist@gmail.com Received September 28, 2019; accepted February 25, 2020 Transactions of the American Fisheries Society © 2020 American Fisheries Society ISSN: 0002-8487 print / 1548-8659 online DOI: 10.1002/tafs.10230
Physiological Performance of Young-of-the-Year Atlantic Croakers from Different Atlantic Coast Estuaries: Implications for Stock Structure

Abstract Geographic variation in life history traits and population dynamics of Atlantic croakers Micropogonias undulatus found north of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, suggests the possibility of two stocks along the U.S. Atlantic coast. The basis for this variation (i.e., genetic versus ecophenotypic) is unclear. Young-of-the-year Atlantic croakers were collected from three Atlantic coast estuaries (Delaware Bay, Delaware; Cape Fear River, North Carolina; and Indian River Lagoon, Florida) that represent the center and extreme distributional limits of the species' U.S. Atlantic coast range. Intrinsic growth capacity and cold tolerance were measured under common laboratory conditions to test for adaptive genetic variation in these traits. Results were used to evaluate the two stock hypothesis for the Atlantic croaker and to examine the integrity of Cape Hatteras as a possible genetic stock boundary. Growth capacity, feeding rate, growth efficiency, and cold tolerance were similar across geographic location.
Immunology of the host-parasite relationship in fasciolosis (Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica)

The protective resolution of liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica) infection is a dynamic interplay between the host's effector responses and the parasite's defence and immunomodulatory systems. The evidence suggests that the juvenile or immature parasite is the target of protective host immune responses but the effector mechanisms employed vary between hosts. Moreover, F. hepatica and F. gigantica differ in their susceptibility to these killing mechanisms. In the rat, in vitro killing of juvenile F. hepatica involves an antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity mediated by nitric oxide produced by activated monocytes and (or) macrophages. However, monocytes and (or) macrophages from Indonesian sheep do not produce nitric oxide yet can effectively kill juvenile F. gigantica in vitro and in vivo by a mechanism that is ineffective against F. hepatica. These data show that disease progression or resolution in fasciolosis is determined both by biochemical differences between Fasciola species and b.
A burning issue: using fire to accelerate tree hollow formation in Eucalyptus species

Summary The importance of hollows to many species of arboreal mammals and birds in Australia has been clearly established, as has the significance of large, old trees in providing hollows. Since European settlement, considerable areas of eucalypt forests and woodlands have been cleared, resulting in significant loss of habitat, including hollow-bearing trees. Recruiting and retaining large, old trees is important to the ongoing survival of hollow—dependent fauna. However, in wood production areas maintaining sufficient numbers of hollows is problematic, since the age at which trees become economically mature is considerably less than that at which they become hollow-bearing. Management strategies aimed at retaining some hollow-bearing trees can assist, but many forests and woodlands are immature and contain too few of these trees. The ability to accelerate hollow formation where hollow-bearing trees are lacking is crucial, but cost—effective methods suitable for use on a large scale are seemingly few. The use of fire to accelerate hollow formation in Eucalyptus trees is one option.
The influence of air temperature on the starting dates of the pollen season of alnus and populus

Abstract In this work we have studied the influence of air temperature on the starting dates of Alnus and Populus pollination in two different climatic regions in Europe: central Italy and The Netherlands. The start of the Alnus pollen season varied between 27th January and 16th February in the Italian stations while in The Netherlands it showed an average delay of about one month. For Populus the beginning of the pollen season was delayed on an average 15 days at Dutch places compared to central Italy. In the former it varied between 14th March and 21st April while in the latter between 28th February and 24th March. Significant correlations exist between the beginning of pollination for these taxa and temperature conditions in the preceding periods. The highest correlations found were with daily mean decade temperature for three decades before the average starting dates of the pollen season. These correlations were better for The Netherlands than for central Italy perhaps because the temperature in Holla.
Ladies last: diel rhythmicity of adult emergence in a parasitoid with complementary sex determination

Protandry, the earlier adult emergence of males, is explained as either an adaptive strategy maximizing male mating opportunities at the same time as minimizing female pre‐reproductive mortality, or as an incidental by‐product of sexual dimorphism fuelled by selection for other life‐history traits. Adult emergence sequences are monitored of broods of the gregarious larval endoparasitoid Cotesia glomerata L. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) undergoing pupal development under different temperature regimes. As a haplodiploid species with single‐locus complementary sex determination, gender in C. glomerata is determined by the genotype at one sex locus. Haploids are always male, whereas diploids are female when heterozygous but male when homozygous at the sex locus. Sibling mating promotes homozygosity and thus the production of diploid males. Diploid males are produced at the expense of females, and impose a genetic burden on individuals and populations, despite their exceptional fertility in C. glomerata. Emergence of broods is typically completed within 2 days. Irrespective of temperature, males emerge earlier and within a shorter time interval than females, and a majority of the males in a cluster emerge before the first female. The implications of an incomplete temporal segregation of the sexes on the incidence of inbreeding in C. glomerata are discussed in the light of its sex determination mechanism and its patterns of mating, host exploitation and natal dispersal.
Spectrum of plant species foraged by Apis mellifera adansonii Latreille in the North Sudanian phytogeographical region of Burkina Faso

Abstract Melissopalynological analysis of 60 honey samples collected from 50 Kenyan Top Bar Hives in the North Sudanian phytogeographical region of Burkina Faso established the plant species foraged by honeybees Apis mellifera adansonii. Forty-three pollen types from 29 families were identified in the honey samples. The most common families were Mimosaceae (9.30%), Asteraceae (6.98%) and Anacardiaceae (6.98%). The most frequently visited plants were Combretum (66.66%), Tridax procumbens (66.66), Acacia seyal-group (50%), Cleome viscosa-group (50%) and Cyperus esculentus (41.67%). The results showed that Apis mellifera adansonii is polylectic with a heterogeneous foraging behaviour. Pollen analysis showed that the honeys from the two main honey flows of Burkina Faso were polyfloral.
Predicting oak tree mortality caused by the ambrosia beetle Platypus quercivorus in a cool‐temperate forest

Mass mortality of fagaceous trees due to wilt disease, which has been spreading throughout Japan since the 1980s, is caused by the ambrosia beetle Platypus quercivorus. Quercus crispula is one of the species most susceptible to the disease. Previous studies have examined this disease in secondary forests, where fagaceous trees are dominant and are considered to be distributed uniformly. We examined whether the uneven distribution of Q. crispula in a natural forest affects the spread of this disease. We determined its distribution using Morisita’s index of dispersion (Iδ), and then predicted the probability of mortality using a generalized linear model with topographic variables (altitude and index of convexity), tree size (diameter at breast height, DBH), and basal areas of Q. crispula and Cryptomeria japonica (the dominant species at the study site) per 0.01, 0.09, and 0.25 ha as explanatory variables. The site included 310 Q. crispula within a 14 ha plot in a cool‐temperate forest of Japan with no signs of beetle infestation in 2003. The calculated index of dispersion showed a clumped distribution of Q. crispula with an estimated clump size of 0.08 ha. At the end of 2007, 36 Q. crispula in the study site were dead, and DBH and basal area of Q. crispula per 0.09 ha had significant positive effects on the probability of mortality. The basal area of C. japonica, a non‐host conifer species for P. quercivorus, per 0.09 ha also had a positive effect on the probability of mortality. These results suggest that P. quercivorus first flew to a cluster of Q. crispula aggregated in about a 0.1 ha area where the density of C. japonica is high, and then DBH played a role in determining the target trees.
Examining auditory selective attention. From dichotic towards realistic environments

The aim of the present thesis is to examine the cognitive control mechanisms underlying auditory selective attention by considering the influence of variables that increase the complexity of an auditory scene. Therefore, technical aspects such as dynamic binaural hearing, room acoustics and head movements as well as those that influence the efficiency of cognitive processing are taken into account. Step-by-step the well-established dichotic-listening paradigm is extended into a “realistic” spatial listening paradigm. Conducted empirical surveys are based on a paradigm examining the intentional switching of auditory selective attention. Spoken phrases are simultaneously presented by two speakers to participants from two of eight azimuthal positions. The stimuli are phrases that consist of a single digit (1 to 9, excluding 5), in some experiments followed by either the German direction “UP” or “DOWN”. A visual cue indicates the target’s spatial position, prior to auditory stimulus onset. Afterwards, participants are asked to identify whether the target number is arithmetically smaller or greater than five and to categorize the direction. Human performance measure differences in reaction times and error rates between the repetition of the target’s spatial position and the related switch (i.e. switch costs) describe the loss of efficiency associated with redirecting attention from one target’s location to another. To examine whether the irrelevant auditory information is decoded, interference in the processing of task-relevant and taskirrelevant information is created in the paradigm. Using the binaural-listening paradigm, the ability to intentionally switch auditory selective attention is tested when applying different methods of spatial reproduction. Essential differences between real sources, an individual and a nonindividual binaural synthesis reproduced with headphones as well as a binaural synthesis based on Cross-Talk Cancellation are found. This indicates how the loss of individual information reduces the ability to inhibit irrelevant information. As a step towards multi-talker scenarios in realistic environments participants are tested in differently reverberating environments. Switch costs are highly affected by reverberation and the inhibition is also impaired by to be unattended information. Age-related effects are also found when applying the binaural-listening paradigm, indicating difficulties for elderly to suppress processing the distractor’s speech.
Grain-dependent relationships between plant productivity and invertebrate species richness and biomass in calcareous grasslands

Abstract The relationships among productivity, species richness and consumer biomass are of fundamental importance for understanding determinants of biodiversity. These relationships may depend on grain size. We examined the relationships between productivity (above-ground phytomass) and plant species richness and between productivity and species richness and biomass of gastropods and grasshoppers using sampling units of different sizes (0.5, 2.75 and 23 m 2 ) in nutrient-poor, calcareous grasslands in north-western Switzerland in two successive years. Species richness of forbs had a unimodal relationship with productivity in sampling units of 0.5 m 2 and was negatively correlated with productivity at the other two plot sizes in one year. In the other year, forb species richness tended to decrease with productivity in sampling units of 23 m 2 . No similar relationship was found for grasses. Gastropod biomass had a unimodal relationship with productivity at 0.5 m 2 in the first year. Grasshopper species richness was correlated with forb species richness at plot sizes of 2.75 and 23 m 2 . This study demonstrates that patterns detected between productivity and diversity and between productivity and biomass of consumers depend on the grain size used in the investigation and vary among years. Die Zusammenhange zwischen Produktivitat, Artenreichtum und Biomasse von Konsumenten sind wichtig, um zu verstehen, was Biodiversitat beeinflust. Diese Zusammenhange konnen von der Grose der Untersuchungsflache abhangig sein. Wir untersuchten wahrend zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Jahren die Zusammenhange zwischen Produktivitat (oberirdische Pflanzenbiomasse) und Artenreichtum von Gefaspflanzen, sowie zwischen Produktivitat und Artenreichtum und Biomasse von Schnecken und Heuschrecken bezuglich dreier raumlicher Skalen (0,5, 2,75 und 23 m 2 ) in Kalkmagerrasen in der Nordwestschweiz. Der Zusammenhang zwischen dem Artenreichtum von Krautern und der Produktivitat war unimodal in Flacheneinheiten von 0,5 m 2 und negativ in Flacheneinheiten von 2,75 und 23 m 2 im ersten Jahr und war tendenziell negativ in Flacheneinheiten von 23 m 2 im zweiten Jahr, wahrend kein solcher Zusammenhang bei Grasern gefunden wurde. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Produktivitat und Biomasse von Schnecken war unimodal in Flacheneinheiten von 0,5 m 2 im ersten Jahr. Auserdem bestand ein Zusammenhang zwischen dem Artenreichtum von Krautern und Heuschrecken in Flacheneinheiten von 2,75 und 23 m 2 . Diese Arbeit zeigt, das Zusammenhange zwischen Produktivitat und Diversitat sowie zwischen Produktivitat und Biomasse von Konsumenten von der Grose der Untersuchungsflache abhangen und zwischen Jahren variieren.
An Efficient Smart Factory Management Based on IoT Optimized for Cloud Environments

With the advent of the fourth industry, small and medium-sized enterprises are increasingly dealing with manufacturing processes through automation. Especially, starting with Industries 4.0, small and medium-sized companies are turning their manufacturing sites into smart factories. However, most SMBs do not have enough manpower and assets (including investment) to build smart factories. This paper proposes a management technique that can optimize smart factory that can improve manufacturing process that is operating on the manufacturing site (building IoT device in part of the process). The proposed model supports automatic processing of production information through IoT equipment that is built in smart factory environment to efficiently process product information that is generated at smart factory. The proposed model has features that automate the linkage between IoT equipment to each other because all the actions of IoT devices built on smart factory sites are handled by a hierarchical centralized management method. The proposed model used IoT equipment built at smart factory. Performance evaluation of efficiency resulted in 13.3 % improvement from previous models depending on the number of IoT devices. The accuracy of information analysis of IoT devices installed at smart factory was improved by 9.2%. The average processing time of information using IoT devices was reduced by 14.9 % from the previous model. The more expensive it is to reduce manpower by 23.9 % on average compared to previous models.
Effects of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense on chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) and faba beans (Vicia faba) under different growth conditions

Les effets de l'inoculation des pois chiches et des feves avec Azospirillum brasilense souche Cd ont ete etudies dans differentes conditions de croissance. Dans les experiences en serre avec les deux legumineuses, l'inoculation avec A. brasilense a augmente de facon significative la nodulation par les rhizobia indigenes et ameliore le developpement des racines et des tiges comparativement a des temoins non inocules. De plus, il a ete montre que le traitement bacterien reduit de facon significative les effets negatifs sur la croissance des plantes dus a l'irrigation avec de l'eau salee. Dans les experiences au champ, l'inoculation des pois chiches avec A. brasilense incorpore a de la tourbe a permis egalement un accroissement significatif de la nodulation, de la croissance des racines et des tiges et du rendement de la culture comparativement a un temoin non inocule.