Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Auditory P300 event-related potential: Normative data in the Indian population

Objective: To generate the normative data of auditory P300 event-related potential for various age groups in the Indian population. Materials and Methods: Auditory P300 event-related potentials, using the oddball paradigm, of healthy control participants in studies carried out at our institute were included to generate normative data in the age range of 10–50 years. The amplitude and latency of P300 for Fz, Cz, and Pz were selected for analysis. Results: For P300 amplitude, overall multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was significant [Pillai's Trace F (9/453) = 3.46, P < 0.001]. Follow-up ANOVA showed significant difference across age groups at Fz, Cz, and Pz. For P300 latency, there was a trend towards significance for overall MANOVA [Pillai's Trace F (9/453) = 1.68, P = 0.09]. Follow-up ANOVA showed a trend towards significant difference across age groups at Fz only. Conclusion: Our study generated a P300 amplitude and frequency normative database at Fz, Cz, and Pz, which will serve as a reference for future studies attempting to define P300 abnormalities in various psychiatric disorders in Indian population.
The Utility of Somatic Items in the Assessment of Depression in Patients With Chronic Pain: A Comparison of the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales in Chronic Pain and Clinical and Community Samples

Objective: To investigate the role of somatic items in the assessment of depression in chronic pain. Methods: The Self-Rating Depression Scale was administered to 398 individuals with chronic pain, 313 psychology clinic patients with similar overall levels of depression, and a general population sample of 491. All three samples were also administered the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis of pooled Self-Rating Depression Scale and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales items revealed that Self-Rating Depression Scale items denoting diurnal variation, decreased appetite, weight loss and constipation failed to contribute to depression in all 3 samples. Items denoting tachycardia and irritability also failed to discriminate between depression and a combined anxiety/stress factor in all 3 samples. The chronic pain sample endorsed somatic items, in particular psychomotor retardation, sleep disturbance, constipation, and fatigue, more strongly than the other samples relative to their endorsement of nonsomatic depression items. Conclusions: It was concluded that depression measures that give emphasis to somatic symptoms provide poor measures of depression severity in any individuals and in patients with chronic pain may lead to an overestimation of the severity of depression. More recently developed instruments avoid these limitations and are also better able to discriminate depression from related states such as anxiety and tension/stress.
Vertical provision of reactive power for voltage stability

The integration of renewable energy sources is a challenge for networks of all voltage levels. The feed-in of renewable energy sources has an impact on asset loadings and reactive power management to keep the nodal voltages within in the allowed voltage interval. Usually, the overlayed network provides the required reactive power. However, the local provision by the installed renewable energy sources is possible, too. Additionally, their contribution of reactive power to the overlayed network is also conceivable. This paper analyses the theoretical potential of distribution networks to provide reactive power to the superior network with reactive power injection of wind and photovoltaic power plants. Technical restrictions like voltage band violations and asset loadings are considered. The analysis is based on representative network data of the three usual voltage levels of German distribution networks.
Loop-Back Optical Heterodyne Technique for 1.0-Gb/s Data Transmission Over 60-GHz Radio-On-Fiber Uplink

An optical-heterodyne-detection method for a 60-GHz radio-on-fiber uplink is proposed and verified in this paper. The main point of this proposal is that all the functions needed for the optical heterodyne detection, i.e., the local/carrier light sources, the automatic frequency control of these light sources, and a polarization-diversity-detection circuit, are consolidated in one transmitting-side module to realize a simple system configuration. This proposal realizes an adequate optical uplink budget with low-cost optical receivers that consist of just one IF-band photodetector and one envelope detector. A 1.0-Gb/s transmission experiment over 10 km of single-mode fiber, which represents access-network transmission, is demonstrated using a 61.0-GHz amplitude-shift-keying signal as a 60 GHz-band uplink signal. A BER of less than 10-9 was obtained at an uplink SSB signal power of -40 dBm regardless of the polarization state of the optical uplink signal, and no significant dispersion-induced degradation was noted.
Estimation of the number of somatostatin neurons in the striatum: An in situ hybridization study using the optical fractionator method

Somatostatin‐containing neurons of the striatum constitute fewer than 5% of the total neuronal population. Their involvement in the feedforward inhibition of the spiny projection neurons, the modulation of other interneurons, and the regulation of regional blood flow indicates that this small population of neurons plays an important role in the processing of information in the striatum. As a first step in developing a quantitative structural framework within which a more rigorous analysis can be made of the functional circuitry of the striatum, we used modern unbiased stereological techniques to make estimates of the total number of neurons expressing mRNA for somatostatin in the striatum of rats. The strategy developed involved the application of the optical fractionator technique to relatively thick tissue sections that were hybridized in situ with a relatively short oligonucleotide probe conjugated to a nonradioactive reporter molecule. The approach is generally applicable to other subpopulations of in situ hybridized cells in other parts of the brain and can provide a link between molecular neurobiology and stereology. The mean total number of neurons on one side of the striatum was estimated to be 21,300. An analysis of the sampling scheme indicated that counting no more than 200 neurons in a systematic sample of not more than 15 sections per individual results in an estimate with a precision that is more than sufficient for comparative and experimental studies. The issues that must be considered when analyzing in situ hybridized tissue with modern stereological methods, the interpretive caveats inherent in the resulting data, and the unique perspectives provided by data like that presented here for striatal somatostatin neurons are discussed. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimization of the RNeasy Mini Kit to obtain high-quality total RNA from sessile cells of Staphylococcus aureus

Biofilm formed by Staphylococcus aureus is considered an important virulence trait in the pathogenesis of infections associated with implantable medical devices. Gene expression analyses are important strategies for determining the mechanisms involved in production and regulation of biofilm. Obtaining intact RNA preparations is the first and most critical step for these studies. In this article, we describe an optimized protocol for obtaining total RNA from sessile cells of S. aureus using the RNeasy Mini Kit. This method essentially consists of a few steps, as follows: 1) addition of acetone-ethanol to sessile cells, 2) lysis with lysostaphin at 37°C/10 min, 3) vigorous mixing, 4) three cycles of freezing and thawing, and 5) purification of the lysate in the RNeasy column. This simple pre-kit procedure yields high-quality total RNA from planktonic and sessile cells of S. aureus.
Extraction de motifs spatio-temporels à différentes échelles avec gestion de relations spatiales qualitatives

Les bases de donnees georeferencees contiennent un important volume de donnees temporelles et spatiales. Elles sont par exemple particulierement utilisees dans le cadre d'analyses environnementales. Plusieurs methodes ont ete proposees pour l'exploration de telles bases de donnees, mais aucune ne permet d'exploiter toute la richesse des donnees, en particulier leurs dimensions spatiales et temporelles. Dans cet article, nous introduisons un nouveau type de motifs spatio-temporels considerant les relations entre objets spatiaux mais aussi les differentes echelles geographiques. Nous proposons un algorithme d'extraction de motifs STR_PrefixGrowth applicable sur un important volume de donnees. Nous traitons un exemple de donnees hydrobiologiques collectees sur le bassin de la Saone durant les 19 dernieres annees. Les experimentations menees soulignent l'interet de notre methode par rapport aux methodes existantes.
OKUL GUVENLIGI: SORUNU VE OKUL YONETICISININ ROLU

Bu makalede cesitli sosyo-ekonomik nedenlerle ulkemizde de giderek ivme kazanan okul guvenligi sorununa dikkat cekilmekte,yurt disinda yapilan calismalardan hareketle soruna yaklasimlar,okul yoneticilerinin rolleri ve gorevleri belirtilmekte ve bazi onerilerde bulunulmaktadir.
CHANGES IN THE CAPACITY FOR CLONAL GROWTH AND DIFFERENTIATION IN VITRO OF THE VERTEBRAL CARTILAGE CELLS WITH EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. 1. CULTURE IN THE STANDARD MEDIUM

When culturing the vertebral cartilage cells of the chick embryo, the youngest embryo from which the dissociated single cell of the cartilage gives rise to the differentiated cartilage colony (CMC) in the given conditions of the clonal cell culture is at st.26. At this stage, percentage of such cells to make CMC in vitro is less than 0.1% of the inoculated single cells. With development, percentage of such “stabilized” cells increases, finally reaching to 35% at st.40.
Skyline Query Processing for Rating Data

Although electronic commerce has been developed and deployed for more than two decades, an essential problem remains: How to help customers efficiently find the products that they want? Skyline queries were proposed to address the problem, and we study the skyline queries defined on rating data. A product is represented by attributes each of which is an aspect that customers perceive it and can be individually rated, and ratings given by some consumers to it can be aggregated to assist in processing queries for product search. Therefore, our approach uses the rating data to get more suitable search results for customers. We first define the skyline query upon ratings and then propose an algorithm for its processing. We further propose a presorting method to speed up the whole computation. Results from experiments indicate that by using the proposed method the execution time can be notably shortened.
LC3-Mediated Mitophagy After CCCP or Vibrio splendidus Exposure in the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas

Mitochondrial selective autophagy, known as mitophagy, surveils the mitochondrial population by eliminating superfluous and/or impaired organelles to mediate cellular survival and viability in response to injury/trauma and infection. In this study, the components of the mitophagy pathway in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas were screened from NCBI with reference to the protein sequences of the human mitophagy process. A total of 10 mitophagy process–related genes were identified from C. gigas, including NIX, FUNDC1, PHB2, Cardiolipin, P62, VDAC2, MFN2, PARL, MPP, and OPTN. They shared high similarities with their homologs in the human mitophagy pathway and were expressed in various tissues of C. gigas. After CCCP exposure, the fluorescence intensity of the mitochondrial probe JC-1 monomers increased significantly in hemocytes, while the fluorescence intensity of JC-1 aggregates decreased significantly. Meanwhile, the fluorescence of lysosomes was found to be co-localized with that of CgLC3 and mitochondria in CCCP-treated hemocytes. Double- and single-membrane-bound vacuoles resembling autophagic structures were observed in the hemocytes after CCCP exposure. The fluorescence intensity of JC-1 monomers and the abundance of CgLC3Ⅱ in hemocytes both increased after Vibrio splendidus exposure. At the same time, the green signals of CgLC3 were co-localized with red signals of the mitochondria, and the fluorescence intensity of autophagy increased significantly in hemocytes after V. splendidus exposure. The results confirmed the existence of a complete mitophagy pathway in mollusks for the first time, which was helpful for further study on the function of mitochondrial autophagy in mollusks.
Computer Aided Detection: Risks and benefits for radiologists' decisions

representation of the effects of the interaction between case difficulty and unaided readers' sensitivity as estimated by those analyses. 3.3 Empirical study of the effects of false negative prompting We summarize here the results of two follow up studies, investigating in more detail the effects of false negatives from CAD on human decision making (Alberdi et al., 2004a). Study 1 used a set of mammograms containing a large proportion of cancers that CAD had missed. All other characteristics of the test set were kept as similar as possible to the sets used in the HTA study, to make sure readers perceived this study as a natural extension of the HTA study (all 20 readers in Study 1 had also participated in the HTA study) and to behave in a comparable way. Study 1 used essentially the same procedures used in the HTA study, except that the readers in Study 1 saw all the cases only once: always with the benefit of CAD. Human and CAD errors were defined as in the previous section. Performance of less sensitive readers is improved by CAD for easy cases Performance of highly sensitive readers is damaged by CAD for difficult cases CAD does not significantly affect the highly sensitive readers for easy cases CAD does not significantly affect the less sensitive readers for difficult cases easy difficult less sensitive highly sensitive Reader sensitivity without CAD
Spinal Cord Inflammation: Molecular Imaging after Thoracic Aortic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury.

Purpose To evaluate whether noninvasive molecular imaging technologies targeting myeloperoxidase (MPO) can reveal early inflammation associated with spinal cord injury after thoracic aortic ischemia-reperfusion (TAR) in mice. Materials and Methods The study was approved by the institutional animal care and use committee. C57BL6 mice that were 8-10 weeks old underwent TAR (n = 55) or sham (n = 26) surgery. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (n = 6) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) (n = 15) studies targeting MPO activity were performed after intravenous injection of MPO sensors (bis-5-hydroxytryptamide-tetraazacyclododecane [HT]-diethyneletriaminepentaacetic acid [DTPA]-gadolinium or indium 111-bis-5-HT-DTPA, respectively). Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were used to identify myeloid cells and neuronal loss. Proinflammatory cytokines, keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analyses were performed by using nonparametric tests and the Pearson correlation coefficient. P < . 05 was considered to indicate a significant difference. Results Myeloid cells infiltrated into the injured cord at 6 and 24 hours after TAR. MR imaging confirmed the presence of ischemic lesions associated with mild MPO-mediated enhancement in the thoracolumbar spine at 24 hours compared with the sham procedure. SPECT/CT imaging of MPO activity showed marked MPO-sensor retention at 6 hours (P = .003) that continued to increase at 24 hours after TAR (P = .0001). The number of motor neurons decreased substantially at 24 hours after TAR (P < .01), which correlated inversely with in vivo inflammatory changes detected at molecular imaging (r = 0.64, P = .0099). MPO was primarily secreted by neutrophils, followed by lymphocyte antigen 6 complexhigh monocytes and/or macrophages. There were corresponding increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines KC (P = .0001) and IL-6 (P = .0001) that mirrored changes in MPO activity. Conclusion MPO is a suitable imaging biomarker for identifying and tracking inflammatory damage in the spinal cord after TAR in a mouse model. © RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
C1‐Inhibitor for treatment of acute vascular xenograft rejection in cynomolgus recipients of h‐DAF transgenic porcine kidneys

Abstract: At present, the major barrier to successful discordant xenotransplantation of unmodified or complement regulator transgenic porcine xenografts is acute vascular xenograft rejection (AVR). AVR is associated with the intragraft deposition of induced recipient xenoreactive antibodies and subsequent complement activation. In a life‐supporting pig to primate kidney xenotransplantation setting using h‐DAF transgenic donor organs and postoperative immunosuppression, episodes of AVR were either treated with boluses of cyclophosphamide and steroids or with the same regimen supplemented by a three‐day course of C1‐Inhibitor, a multifunctional complement regulator. In 8 out of 10 animals stable initial graft function was achieved; in all animals one or more episodes of AVR were observed. When, in 4 animals, C1‐Inhibitor was added to the standard anti‐rejection treatment regimen, AVR was successfully reversed in 6 out of 7 episodes, while in another group of 4 animals receiving the standard anti‐rejection treatment 0 out of 4 episodes of AVR responded to treatment. Response to anti‐rejection treatment was associated with a significant increase in recipient survival time. We conclude that AVR of h‐DAF transgenic porcine kidneys can be successfully treated by additional short‐term fluid phase complement inhibition.
Microstructural Evolution in Inhomogeneous Elastic Media

We simulate the diffusional evolution of microstructures produced by solid state diffusional transformations in elastically stressed binary alloys in two dimensions. The microstructure consists of arbitrarily shaped precipitates embedded coherently in an infinite matrix. The precipitate and matrix are taken to be elastically isotropic, although they may havedifferentelastic constants (elastically inhomogeneous). Both far-field applied strains and mismatch strains between the phases are considered. The diffusion and elastic fields are calculated using the boundary integral method, together with a small scale preconditioner to remove ill-conditioning. The precipitate? matrix interfaces are tracked using a nonstiff time updating method. The numerical method is spectrally accurate and efficient. Simulations of a single precipitate indicate that precipitate shapes depend strongly on the mass flux into the system as well as on the elastic fields. Growing shapes (positive mass flux) are dendritic while equilibrium shapes (zero mass flux) are squarish. Simulations of multiparticle systems show complicated interactions between precipitate morphology and the overall development of microstructure (i.e., precipitate alignment, translation, merging, and coarsening). In both single and multiple particle simulations, the details of the microstructural evolution depend strongly on the elastic inhomogeneity, misfit strain, and applied fields.
Lack of mutation in p53 and H-ras genes in phenytoin induced gingival overgrowth suggests its non cancerous nature.

BACKGROUND There have been case reports of oral squamous cell carcinoma arising from gingival overgrowth induced by phenytoin--an antiepileptic drug. However, a detailed analysis for the presence of mutations in p53 and ras genes, which are the two most frequently mutated genes in cancers, in phenytoin induced gingival overgrowth tissues has hitherto not been performed. METHODS Cellular DNA isolated from twenty gingival overgrowth tissues collected from patients undergoing phenytoin therapy were amplified using primers for p53 (exons 5-8) and H-ras (exons 1-2) genes. The PCR amplicons were then gel purified and subjected to direct sequencing analysis to screen for mutations. RESULTS Direct sequencing of twenty samples of phenytoin induced gingival growth did not identify mutations in any of the exons of p53 and H-ras genes that were analyzed. CONCLUSION Our result indicates that mutational alteration of p53 and H-ras genes is infrequent in phenytoin induced gingival growth, which thus suggests a non malignant nature of this pathology. The findings in the present study are clinically significant as a large number of epileptic patients are treated with phenytoin.
Comparative Analysis of Chromosome-Encoded Microcins Marı́a

Microcins are ribosomally synthesized peptide antibiotics that are produced by enterobacterial strains. Although the first studies concentrated on plasmid-encoded activities, in the last years three chromosomeencoded microcins have been described: H47, E492, and M. Here, a new microcin, I47, is presented as a fourth member of this group. Common features exhibited by chromosome-encoded microcins were searched for. The comparison of the genetic clusters responsible for microcin production revealed a preserved general scheme. The clusters essentially comprise a pair of activity-immunity genes which determine antibiotic specificity and a set of microcin maturation and secretion genes which are invariably present and whose protein products are highly homologous among the different producing strains. A strict functional relationship between the maturation and secretion pathways of microcins H47, I47, and E492 was demonstrated through genetic analyses, which included heterologous complementation assays. The peptide precursors of these microcins share a maturation process which implies the addition of a catecholate siderophore of the salmochelin type. Microcins thus acquire the ability to enter gram-negative cells through the catechol receptors. In addition, they employ a common mode of secretion to reach the external milieu by means of a type I export apparatus. The results presented herein lead us to propose that chromosome-encoded microcins constitute a defined subgroup of peptide antibiotics which are strictly related by their modes of synthesis, secretion, and uptake.
Physiological Migration of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside predominantly in bone marrow, but low numbers of HSCs are also found in peripheral blood. We examined the fate of blood-borne HSCs using genetically marked parabiotic mice, which are surgically conjoined and share a common circulation. Parabionts rapidly established stable, functional cross engraftment of partner-derived HSCs and maintained partner-derived hematopoiesis after surgical separation. Determination of the residence time of injected blood-borne progenitor cells suggests that circulating HSCs/progenitors are cleared quickly from the blood. These data demonstrate that HSCs rapidly and constitutively migrate through the blood and play a physiological role in, at least, the functional reengraftment of unconditioned bone marrow.