Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphometry of a peptidergic transmitter system: Dynorphin B‐like immunoreactivity in the rat hippocampal mossy fiber pathway before and after seizures

While the morphometry of classical transmitter systems has been extensively studied, relatively little quantitative information is available on the subcellular distribution of peptidergic dense core vesicles (DCVs) within axonal arbors and terminals, and how distribution patterns change in response to neural activity. This study used correlated quantitative light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry to examine dynorphin B‐like immunoreactivity (dyn B‐LI) in the rat hippocampal mossy fiber pathway before and after seizures. Forty‐eight hours after seizures induced by two pentylenetetrazol injections, light microscopic dyn B‐LI was decreased dorsally and increased ventrally. Ultrastructural examination indicated that, in the hilus of the dentate gyrus, these alterations resulted from changes that were almost entirely restricted to the profiles of the large mossy‐like terminals formed by mossy fiber collaterals (which primarily contact spines), compared to the profiles of the smaller, less‐convoluted terminals found on the same collaterals (which primarily contact aspiny dendritic shafts). Dorsally, mossy terminal profile labeled DCV (lDCV) density dropped substantially, while ventrally, both mossy terminal profile perimeter and lDCV density increased. In all terminal profiles examined, lDCVs also were closely associated with the plasma membrane. Following seizures, there was a reorientation of lDCVs along the inner surface of mossy terminal profile membranes, in relation to the types of profiles adjacent to the membrane: in both the dorsal and ventral hilus, significantly fewer lDCVs were observed at sites apposed to dendrites, and significantly more were observed at sites apposed to spines. Thus, after seizures, changes specific to: (1) the dorsoventral level of the hippocampal formation, (2) the type of terminal, and (3) the type of profile in apposition to the portion of the terminal membrane examined were all observed. An explanation of these complex, interdependent alterations will probably require evoking multiple interrelated mechanisms, including selective prodynorphin synthesis, transport, and release. Hippocampus 1999; 9:255–276. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Medical professional perception, attitude, knowledge, and experience about child abuse and neglect in Bagalkot district of north Karnataka: a survey report.

AIMS The aim of this study was to analyze medical professional, perception, attitude, knowledge, and experience about child abuse and neglect in Bagalkot district, north Karnataka, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred medical professional, working in both public and private sectors in the province were interviewed by a single operator. Descriptive analyses were carried out by using the obtained data. RESULTS Medical professional's perception about child abuse and neglect (CAN) is low and these professionals have poor attitude and knowledge toward CAN in accordance with the code of conduct and law. The available information and education is also poor. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained from the study showed that there is lack of knowledge and poor attitude and perception about CAN among medical professionals that prevents them from detecting and identifying suspected cases. Continuing medical education is required to enhance the ability of professionals to detect CAN cases.
Seasonality of symptoms in anorexia and bulimia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE Recent research has suggested that a large proportion of patients with bulimia nervosa have seasonal (winter) worsening of mood symptoms similar to seasonal affective disorder (SAD). The objectives of this study were to determine the specificity of this finding in anorexia and bulimia nervosa, and to further delineate the seasonal mood and eating patterns in bulimia nervosa. METHOD A modified Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ) was administered to consecutive female patients assessed at an Eating Disorders Clinic with DSM-III-R diagnoses of bulimia nervosa (BN, N = 60) and anorexia nervosa (AN, N = 31), and to female nonclinical comparison subjects (NC, N = 50). RESULTS The BN group had higher global seasonality scores and more presumptive diagnoses of SAD than the other two groups; the AN patients, whether they had the restricting or binge eating/purging subtype, did not differ from the NC subjects. Thirty-two percent of the identified seasonal BN patients did not have parallel worsening of mood and eating symptoms in the same season. DISCUSSION These results suggest that seasonality of symptoms is specific to BN and that there may be separate mechanisms for the seasonality of mood and eating symptoms in some BN patients.
Symmetric Coupling for Eddy Current Problems

In this paper a novel symmetric finite element method-boundary element method-coupling for the $\mathbf{E}$-based eddy current model is derived in a rigorous fashion. To that end, the properties of potentials and boundary integral operators arising from a Stratton--Chu-type representation formula for the electric field in the nonconducting region are thoroughly analyzed in a Hilbert-space setting. It yields a variational problem with symmetric bilinear form that is coercive in the natural function spaces. Unknowns are the electric field inside the conductor and the equivalent surface current related to the magnetic field. Existence and uniqueness of solutions and the convergence of a conforming finite element/boundary element Galerkin discretization immediately follows. In particular, schemes based on curl-conforming edge elements and divergence-conforming surface elements are examined, and some aspects of implementation are discussed.
An Analysis for Power Minimization at Different Level of Abstraction to Optimize Digital Circuit

This paper aims at presenting an innovative conceptual framework suitable for achieving accurate and efficient estimation of power dissipation and optimization of digital circuits at all levels of abstraction e.g. circuit, layout, logic, architectural and system level. Aggressive voltage scaling to less than 1V as well as scaling of transistors has been proven to be the key to accurate modeling and estimation of power at early stages of design flow. A survey is presented in this paper depending on state-of- the- art optimization method and utilized CAD tool so that technology circuit and system parameters could be obtained and characterized for low power dissipation. Index Terms— Circuit optimization, Abstraction levels, Simulators. I. INTRODUCTION The power consumption of recent electronics products has become a major design challenge, due to increase in speed, mobility and miniaturization of these products. Especially for portable and personnel communication devices, power consumption of the circuit determines the battery life-time, the generated heat and the required heat dispersion measures. Therefore, demand for low power digital circuit is rapidly increasing day-by-day. Digital circuit consists of a number of interconnected logic circuits such as gates, flip-flops and many other circuit which together perform function on number of input signals for given conditions . Change of signal propagates through different interconnected path which causes signal switching activity in those path. Power dissipation occurs in the circuit due to signal switching activity resulting in charging and discharging of capacitive load of CMOS gates. The power dissipation in CMOS circuit depends on fabrication technology, operating frequency, supply voltage, and switching activity per clock cycle. Therefore, accurate power estimation is needed to be done for given input condition before chip fabrication is actually done(1).
An Effective Compensation Technique for Speed Smoothness at Low-Speed Operation of PMSM Drives

This paper proposes a simple and effective method to reduce speed ripples of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) under low-speed working conditions. The treated issue is related to the periodic torque ripples, which induce speed oscillations that deteriorate the drive performance. The main idea of the proposed method is to modify a conventional PMSM controller by superposing an appropriate compensation signal to the quadratic-current reference. The proposed approach allows the reduction of speed ripples at low speed through a simple compensation signal and does not require a hard calculation cost. A theoretical analysis is presented, and both simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed compensation method.
The impact of social origin on graduates' early occupational destinations : an Anglo-German comparison

This article examines the impact of social origin on tertiary graduates’ labour market outcomes in Germany and the United Kingdom, two distinct countries in terms of higher education systems, labour market structures, and their linkages. Data from the 2005 REFLEX survey, OLS regression and linear probability models are used to analyse the effect of parental education on graduates’ occupational destinations at two time points: at labour market entry and five years after graduation. We test various hypotheses on country variation (i) in the strength of association between origin and occupational destinations, (ii) in the mechanisms by which social origin affects occupational destinations (i.e. via qualitative education differences), and (iii) in the extent to which social origin matters at different career stages. The results show that parental education effects are similar in the two countries when occupational destinations are analysed using the International Socio-Economic Index of Occupational Status (ISEI). They substantially differ when the analyses focus on entry into the higher-service class. In this latter case, both the gross and the net effects of parental education are stronger in the United Kingdom than in Germany. However, country differences in parental education effects reduce when graduates’ occupational outcomes are analysed 5 years after graduation.
Content-Aware Image Retargeting Incorporated with Letterboxing

SUMMARY Conventional image retargeting methods fail to avoid distortion in the case where visually important regions are distributed all over the image. To reduce distortions, this paper proposes a novel image retar-geting method that incorporates letterboxing into an image warping framework. Letterboxing has the advantage of producing results without distortion or content loss although being unable to use the entire display area. Therefore, it is preferable to combine a retargeting method with a letter-boxing operator when displaying images in full screen. Experimental re-sults show that the proposed method is superior to conventional methods in terms of visual quality measured by an objective metric.
Role of LAT in the Granule-Mediated Cytotoxicity of CD8 T Cells

ABSTRACT Linker for activation of T cells (LAT) is a transmembrane adaptor protein that is essential to bridge T cell receptor (TCR) engagement to downstream signaling events. The indispensable role of LAT in thymocyte development and T cell activation has been well characterized; however, the function of LAT in cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte (CTL) cytotoxicity remains unknown. We show here that LAT-deficient CTLs failed to upregulate FasL and produce gamma interferon after engagement with target cells and had impaired granule-mediated killing. We further dissected the effect of the LAT deletion on each step of granule exocytosis. LAT deficiency led to altered synapse formation, subsequently causing unstable T cell–antigen-presenting cell (APC) conjugates. Microtubule organizing center polarization and granule reorientation were also impaired by LAT deficiency, leading to reduced granule delivery. Despite these defects, granule release was still observed in LAT-deficient CTLs due to residual calcium flux and phospholipase C (PLC) activity. Our data demonstrated that LAT-mediated signaling intricately regulates CTL cytotoxicity at multiple steps.
Proteome analysis of ultraviolet‐B‐induced protein expression in vitro human dermal fibroblasts

Background: Ultraviolet‐B (UVB) radiation can result in acute photodamage, photoaging and skin cancer through the induction of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, activation of signaling pathways, and regulation of gene expression. In this study, we investigated UVB‐induced alterations in protein expression in human dermal fibroblasts.
Combining Photon Recycling and Concentrated Illumination in a GaAs Heterojunction Solar Cell

GaAs single-junction solar cells with rear-side-reflective structures have been developed aiming for an increase in open-circuit voltage Voc by the combination of photon recycling and concentrated illumination of sunlight. Photon recycling gains importance with increasing sunlight concentration as the materials are increasingly dominated by radiative recombination. At the same time, resistive losses because of current transport must be addressed and minimized to achieve high performances. We report here on the development of a GaAs heterojunction solar cell which was optimized for operation under concentrated sunlight. An efficiency of 28.8% is achieved at 182 suns concentration, showing a Voc of 1230 mV. This is an increase of 28 mV compared with a cell without a highly reflective back mirror. The results confirm the theoretically predicted positive effect of photon recycling under high concentration levels.
Faster Enumeration of All Maximal Cliques in Unit Disk Graphs Using Geometric Structure

SUMMARY This paper considers the problem of enumerating all maximal cliques in unit disk graphs , which is a plausible setting for applications of ﬁnding similar data groups. Our primary interest is to develop a faster algorithm using the geometric structure about the metric space where the input unit disk graph is embedded. Assuming that the distance between any two vertices is available, we propose a new algorithm based on two well-known algorithms called Bron-Kerbosch and Tomita-Tanaka-Takahashi. The key idea of our algorithm is to ﬁnd a good pivot quickly using geometric proximity. We validate the practical impact of our algo-rithm via experimental evaluations.
A new Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy approach of process modeling and fault detection

Process modeling and fault detection using a new Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy method which is obtained by decomposing structural risk minimization has been proposed in this paper. The proposed method makes use of some ideas on Least square support vector regression (LSSVR). First of all, a novel cost function consisted of R terms is constructed and used for solving consequent parameters of T-S fuzzy model based on process data. Then, the normal model corresponding to no fault is used to obtain nonlinear process models for the process running in normal operation. When a fault occurs, fault detection is performed using the residuals. Finally, several types of faults have been considered on the benchmark Tennessee Eastman Process data. The effectiveness of the obtained simulation results indicate that the developed method is capable to correctly detect various faults by simulations.
Chinese adult anatomical models and the application in evaluation of RF exposures

This paper presents the work of constructing Chinese adult anatomical models and their application in evaluation of radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic field exposures. The original dataset was obtained from photos of the sliced frozen cadavers from the Chinese Visible Human Project. Details of preparing the cadaver for slicing procedures which may influence the anatomical structures are discussed. Segmentation and reconstruction were performed mainly manually by experienced anatomists. The reconstructed models represent the average Chinese in their twenties and thirties. The finest resolution for the models is 1 × 1 × 1 mm3 with 90 identified tissues/organs for the female and 87 identified tissues/organs for the male. Tiny anatomical structures such as blood vessels with diameters of 1 mm, various glands and nerves were identified. Whole-body-averaged specific absorption rate (WBSAR) from 20 MHz to 5.8 GHz was calculated with the finite-difference time-domain method for different RF exposure configurations. The WBSAR results are consistent with those from other available models. Finally, some details about the anatomical models are discussed.
Theory of space‐charge polarization and electrode‐discharge effects

A combined, general treatment of intrinsic and extrinsic conduction in a liquid or solid is presented. Positive and negative species of mobile charge of arbitary valences and mobilities are assumed present, together with homogeneous immobile charge in the extrinsic case. The general equations are specialized to a one‐dimensional situation and then to that where both position‐dependent static and much smaller sinusoidally time‐varying components of charge, field, and current are simultaneously present. Sufficiently general boundary conditions are used that any condition from complete blocking to free discharge of positive and negative mobile carriers separately can occur at the electrodes. For the flat‐band condition (zero static field; in the binary electrolyte case, coincidence of the zero charge potential and the equilibrium potential) exact equivalent circuits and an exact expression for the small‐signal impedance are obtained. Relatively simple, closed‐form expressions for the zero‐frequency limiting .
6 Rational Asymmetric Catalyst Design , Intensification and Modeling

The development of new catalysts for a variety of chemical processes, molecular-level fundamental understanding of how it works and knowledge of surface science, chemistry, materials science, process modeling, process systems engineering, etc. is needed. Catalyst design and kinetic modeling have long been based on chemical intuition, i.e., the combination of a large empirical database and qualitative concepts of chemical reaction engineering and surface science. Recently the first principle kinetic modeling has become an important tool to investigate catalytic reactions and catalyst structures for superior operational benefits by integrating first principle guided exploration and experimental data. Nanocatalysis design is the building blocks of the concept of micro-level controlled reaction engineering, and the size and shape dependant material properties are the key enabling factor of the emerging technology. The qualitative difference is infect the material properties those changes in 1-10nm scale. Drastic enhancement in capabilities in nanomaterial synthesis with increasing control in size and shape were observed in last two decades but the rational catalyst design criteria is still not mature. Consideration of reaction brings intrinsic complexity in nanomaterial topology development (for a catalyst design) and emphasize on systematic multiscale simulation method to design and forecast.
CpG methylation accounts for a recurrent mutation (c.1222C>T) in the human PAH gene

The human PAH gene (GenBank: U49897.1 (cDNA), AF404777 (gDNA)) harbors alleles that either cause or are associated with hyperphenylalaninemia and phenylketonuria (http://www.pahdb.mcgill.ca). Mutation analysis has identified ∼500 alleles of which ∼30 produce polymorphic core haplotypes. The c.1222C>T allele (p.R408W) is the most prevalent and widely encountered PKU‐causing allele. Because it occurs on multiple locus‐specific polymorphic haplotypes, it is probably not identical by descent in different populations. This mutation involves a CpG dinucleotide in a so‐called “hypermutable” codon suggesting that c.1222C>T could be a recurrent allele following spontaneous methylation‐mediated deamination of 5 mC. This concept is widely assumed and accepted but the 5mC status of hypermutable codons has seldom been confirmed. We show that the PAH c.1222C nucleotide is indeed methylated (c.1222 mC) in somatic genomes (leukocyte and brain) of H. sapiens. Examination of a representative region in exon 12 (and also in exon 7) in the PAH gene shows that 5 mC is restricted to cytosines in CpG dinucleotides in the hypermutable codons. The methylation pattern seen in human PAH exon 12 was also observed in the corresponding codon in three nonhuman primates. The finding offers at least one explanation for the high relative frequency of the c.1222C>T (p.R408W) allele in the human population. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence and demographic correlates of meeting the physical activity recommendation among Japanese adults.

BACKGROUND Although engaging in the recommended amount of physical activity provides disease-prevention benefits, few studies have examined the proportion and correlates of meeting the Japanese physical activity recommendation. This study investigated the prevalence and demographic correlates of attaining the recommended value on the Exercise and Physical Activity Reference for Health Promotion 2006. METHODS Data were analyzed for 5177 Japanese adults who took an Internet-based cross-sectional survey. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire and 6 possible demographic correlates were obtained. Respondents were divided into 3 groups--recommended, insufficient, and inactive--according to their estimated weekly physical activity level. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used. RESULTS Overall, 26.6% of respondents were physically active according to the recommendation criterion. Gender, employment status, age, marital status, and educational level were statistically significant. In men, being employed and in women, being 30 to 39 years of age were negatively associated with the attainment of the recommendation. Being male, being a married woman, and having a college education or higher for women were positively correlated with the attainment of the recommendation. CONCLUSIONS Different associations of demographic correlates with the physical activity recommendation for men and women were found, suggesting that gender-specific strategies for targeting the population or specific interventions might be more effective in promoting physical activity among Japanese adults.
The effect of diets high in protein or carbohydrate on inflammatory markers in overweight subjects

Aim: Increased levels of inflammatory markers have been associated with weight gain and cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of diets high in either carbohydrate or protein on the inflammatory markers C‐reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin and transferrin in plasma after weight loss.
The Joy of Work

In what case do you like reading so much? What about the type of the the joy of work book? The needs to read? Well, everybody has their own reason why should read some books. Mostly, it will relate to their necessity to get knowledge from the book and want to read just to get entertainment. Novels, story book, and other entertaining books become so popular this day. Besides, the scientific books will also be the best reason to choose, especially for the students, teachers, doctors, businessman, and other professions who are fond of reading.