Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Method of Early Staged Cyber Attacks Detection in IT and Telecommunication Networks

Increasing digitization together with the benefits has also brought a lot of problems related to the challenges in cyberspace. Due to the ongoing cyberattacks yearly increase, losses in sectors that are using Telecommunication and IT services are growing. The events of the past 10 years have shown that there are particularly dangerous incidents in the cyberspace, which are pre-planned, well-prepared and carried out by terrorist groups or even by some governments. Pre-planned cyber-attacks have some stages so it is possible to distinguish the early stages where attacks do not bring significant damage to data and information. This article examines the features of the attacks and their characteristics and is the first part of the study's generalization. There is proposed a method for early staged detection of such attacks using a number of the logical filters. Proposed methodology provides a network analysis structure, logical filter configuration and attack detection algorithms that enable the detection of network flow parameters that characterize potential attack vectors. The results of theoretical simulation have shown that proposed method is capable of determining early-staged cyberattacks.In the next paper, the logical mathematical model, an estimation of the sensitivity of such method and assessment of the probability of each initial stage will be presented. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.eie. 24.3. 20981
Interface circuit analysis of wind-induced vibration power generation with piezoelectric bimorph

Wind-induced vibration energy recovery has been widely used in wireless sensor nodes as well as portable electronic devices. Because of the high energy density, simple structure and easy system integration, it is particularly suitable for micro systems with independent power supply. A circuit equivalent model of piezoelectric bimorph was developed with the basic structure of piezoelectric energy recovery device. Standard, SECE, and SCEI interface circuit and their control process was simulated via LT-spice software. Both SECE and SCEI performed stable output power over a large load range, while the remaining three interface circuits are somewhat deficient in output power or stability. The control of SECE interface circuit is simpler than SCEI, and the SECE interface circuit is more suitable for wind-induced vibration power generation with piezoelectric bimorph.
Hyper‐parameters optimisation of deep CNN architecture for vehicle logo recognition

The training of deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for classification purposes is critically dependent on the expertise of hyper-parameters tuning. This study aims to minimise the user variability in training CNN by automatically searching and optimising the CNN architecture, particularly in the field of vehicle logo recognition system. For this purpose, the architecture and hyper-parameters of CNN were selected according to the implementation of the stochastic method of particle swarm optimisation on the training–testing data. After obtaining the optimised hyper-parameters, the CNN is fine-tuned and trained to ensure better network convergence and classification performance. In this study, a total of 14,950 vehicle logo images are divided into two independent training and testing sets. In addition, these images are segmented coarsely, thus the requirement of precise logo segmentation is obviated in this work. The learned features of the CNN were sufficiently discriminative to be classified using multiclass Softmax classifier. With implementation using a graphics processing unit (GPU), the computation time of the proposed method is acceptable for real-time application. The experimental results explicitly prove that the authors’ approach outperforms most of the state-of-the-art methods, achieving an accuracy of 99.1% over 13 vehicle manufacturers.
TNF- α stimulates activation of pro-MMP2 in human skin through NF- κ B mediated induction of MT1-MMP

SUMMARY Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α ) is an important mediator during the inflammatory phase of wound healing. Excessive amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF- α are associated with inflammatory diseases including chronic wounds. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in matrix re-modeling during wound healing, angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. As with proinflammatory cytokines, high levels of MMPs have been found in inflammatory states such as chronic wounds. In this report we relate these two phenomena. TNF- α stimulates secretion of active MMP-2, a type IV collagenase, in organ-cultured full-thickness human skin. This suggests a mechanism whereby excess inflammation affects normal wound healing. To investigate this observation at the cellular and molecular levels, we examined TNF- α mediated activation of pro-MMP-2, induction of MT1-MMP, and the intracellular signaling pathways that regulate the proteinase in isolated human dermal fibroblasts. We found that TNF- α substantially promoted activation of pro-MMP-2 in dermal fibroblasts embedded in type-I collagen. In marked contrast, collagen or TNF- α individually had little influence on the fibroblast-mediated pro-MMP-2 activation. One well-characterized mechanism for pro-MMP-2 activation is through a membrane type matrix metalloproteinase, such as MT1-MMP. We report that TNF- α significantly induced MT1-MMP at the mRNA and protein levels when the dermal fibroblasts were grown in collagen. Although the intracellular signaling pathway regulating mt1-mmp gene expression is still obscure, both
Practice of Epidemiology Population Attributable Risk of Modi ﬁ able and Nonmodi ﬁ able Breast Cancer Risk Factors in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer

We examined the proportions of multiple types of breast cancers in the population that were attributable to established risk factors, focusing on behaviors that are modi ﬁ able at menopause. We estimated the full and partial population attributable risk percentages (PAR%) by combining the relative risks and the observed prevalence rates of the risk factors of interest. A total of 8,421 cases of invasive breast cancer developed in postmenopausal women ( n = 121,700) in the Nurses ’ Health Study from 1980 – 2010. We included the following modi ﬁ able risk factors in our analyses: weight change since age 18 years, alcohol consumption, physical activity level, breastfeeding, and menopausal hormone therapy use. Additionally, the following nonmodi ﬁ able factors were included: age, age at menarche, height, a combination of parity and age at ﬁ rst birth, body mass index at age 18 years, family history of breast cancer, and prior benign breast disease. When we considered all risk factors (and controlled for age), the PAR% for invasive breast cancers was 70.0% (95% con ﬁ dence interval: 55.0, 80.7). When considering only modi- ﬁ able factors, we found that changing the risk factor pro ﬁ le to the lowest weight gain, no alcohol consumption, high physical activity level, breastfeeding, and no menopausal hormone therapy use was associated with a PAR% of 34.6% (95% con ﬁ dence interval: 22.7, 45.4). The PAR% for modi ﬁ able factors was higher for estrogen receptor – positive breast cancers (PAR% = 39.7%) than for estrogen receptor – negative breast cancers (PAR% = 27.9%). Risk factors that are modi ﬁ able at menopause account for more than one-third of postmenopausal breast cancers; therefore, a substantial proportion of breast cancer in the United States is preventable.
REINFORCEMENT CONTINGENCIES AS DISCRIMINATIVE STIMULI: II. EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN STIMULUS PROBABILITY

Three pigeons were trained on a matching procedure involving a sample component and a choice component. Responding in the sample component, according to either a differen-tial-reinforcement-of-low-rate schedule on some trials or a differential-reinforcement-of- other-behavior schedule on other trials, produced access to the choice component in which each of two keys was illuminated with a unique color. The correct choice response was defined by the contingency that was met to produce the choice. The food hopper operated for 1.5 seconds following an appropriate sample response and for 3 seconds following a correct choice response. A signal-detection analysis showed that variations in the probability of presentation of the different contingencies systematically affected response bias but not sensitivity to the contingencies as stimuli. Substitution of a blackout for food at the end of the sample component did not differentially affect performance, but elimination of the delay between sample and choice components generally increased the sensitivity measure. The findings suggest a role for reinforcement contingency discrimination in sched- ule-controlled responding.
Three Dimensional Bistatic Tomography Using HDTV

The thesis begins with a review of the principles of diffraction and reflection tomography; starting with the analytic solution to the inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation, after linearization by the Born approximation (the weak scatterer solution), and arriving at the Filtered Back Projection (Propagation) method of reconstruction. This is followed by a heuristic derivation more directly couched in the radar imaging context, without the rigor of the general inverse problem solution and more closely resembling an imaging turntable or inverse synthetic aperture radar. The heuristic derivation leads into the concept of the line integral and projections (the Radon Transform), followed by more general geometries where the plane wave approximation is invalid. We proceed next to study of the dependency of reconstruction on the space-frequency trajectory, combining the spatial aperture and waveform. Two and three dimensional apertures, monostatic and bistatic, fully and sparsely sampled and including partial apertures, with controlled waveforms (CW and pulsed, with and without modulation) define the filling of k-space and concomitant reconstruction performance. Theoretical developments in the first half of the thesis are applied to the specific example of bistatic tomographic imaging using High Definition Television (HDTV); the United States version of DVB-T. Modeling of the HDTV waveform using pseudonoise modulation to represent the hybrid 8VSB HDTV scheme and the move-stop-move approximation established the imaging potential, employing an idealized, isotropic 18 scatterer. As the move-stop-move approximation places a limitation on integration time (in cross correlation/pulse compression) due to transmitter/receiver motion, an exact solution for compensation of Doppler distortion is derived. The concept is tested with the assembly and flight test of a bistatic radar system employing software-defined radios (SDR). A three dimensional, bistatic collection aperture, exploiting an elevated commercial HDTV transmitter, is focused to demonstrate the principle. This work, to the best of our knowledge, represents a first in the formation of three dimensional images using bistatically-exploited television transmitters.
The mouse fl-globin locus control region: hypersensitive sites 3 and 4

The human ,3-globin LCR plays a key role in the transcriptional regulation of the ,B-globin locus and comprises four erythroid specific DNase I hypersensitive sites, designated 5'HS1 -4. We have now isolated genomic clones containing 5'HS3 and 5'HS4 of the mouse 3-globin LCR. 5'HS3 and 5'HS4 are located 15 kb and 22 kb upstream of the mouse EY-globin gene, respectively. Sequence analysis of murine 5'HS3 and 5'HS4 reveals a significant degree of sequence conservation with their human homologues, including the presence of recognition sites for functionally relevant transcription factors. 5'HS3 and 5'HS4 regions were found to form hypersensitive sites in nuclei from murine erythroid cells, but not in nuclei from a variety of nonerythroid haematopoietic cell lines. Analysis of different mouse strains revealed the existence of a polymorphism that alters the spacing between 5'HS3 and 5'HS4. Taken together, our results emphasize the extent of evolutionary conservation and complexity of mammalian 3-globin LCRs. Finally, the cloning of mouse 5'HS3 and 5'HS4 will facilitate the molecular analysis of LCR function in the mouse model.
Inkjet printing for the fabrication of flexible/stretchable wearable electronic devices and sensors

This review paper aims to introduce the inkjet printing as a tool for fabrication of flexible/wearable sensors. It summarizes inkjet printing techniques including various modes of operation, commonly used substrates and inks, commercially available inkjet printers and variables affecting the printing process. More focus is on the drop-on-demand printing mode, a strongly considered printing technique for patterning conductive lines on flexible and stretchable substrates. As inkjet-printed patterns are influenced by various variables related to its conductivity, resistivity, durability and dimensions of printed patterns, the main printing parameters (e.g. printing multilayers, inks sintering, surface treatment, cartridge specifications and printing process parameters) are reported. The embedded approaches of adding electronic components (e.g. surface-mounted and optoelectronic devices) to the stretchable circuit are also included. ,In this paper, inkjet printing techniques for fabrication of flexible/stretchable circuits will be reviewed. Specifically, the various modes of operation, commonly used substrates and inks and variables affecting the printing process will be presented. Next, examples of inkjet-printed electronic devices will be demonstrated. These devices will be compared to their rigid counterpart in terms of ease of implementation and electrical behavior for wearable sensor applications. Finally, a summary of key findings and future research opportunities will be presented. ,In conclusion, it is evident that the technology of inkjet printing is becoming a competitor to traditional lithography fabrication techniques, as it has the advantage of being low cost and less complex. In particular, this technique has demonstrated great capabilities in the area of flexible/stretchable electronics and sensors. Various inkjet printing methods have been presented with emphasis on their principle of operation and their commercial availability. In addition, the components of a general inkjet printing process have been discussed in details. Several factors affect the resulting printed patterns in terms of conductivity, resistivity, durability and geometry. ,The paper focuses on flexible/stretchable optoelectronic devices which could be implemented in stretchable circuits. Furthermore, the importance and challenges related to printing highly conductive and highly stretchable lines, as well as reliable electronic devices, and interfacing them with external circuitry for power transmission, data acquisition and signal conditioning have been highlighted and discussed. Although several fabrication techniques have been recently developed to allow patterning conductive lines on a rubber substrate, the fabrication of fully stretchable wearable sensors remains limited which needs future research in this area for the advancement of wearable sensors.
Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction and Microvascular Angina: A Systematic Review of Therapies

, Abstract Angina without coronary artery disease (CAD) has substantial morbidity and is present in 10–30% of patients undergoing angiography. Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is present in 50– 65% of these patients. The optimal treatment of this cohort is undefined. We performed a systematic review to evaluate treatment strategies for objectively defined CMD in the absence of CAD. We included studies assessing therapy in human subjects with angina and coronary flow reserve (CFR) or myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) <2.5 by positron emission tomography (PET), cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), dilution methods, or intracoronary Doppler in the absence of coronary artery stenosis ≥50% or structural heart disease. Only 8 articles met strict inclusion criteria. The articles were heterogeneous, using different treatments, end-points, and definitions of CMD. Small sample sizes severely limit the power of these studies, with an average of 11 patients per analysis. Studies evaluating, sildenafil, quinapril, estrogen, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) application demonstrated benefits in their respective endpoints. No benefit was found with L-arginine, doxazosin, pravastatin, and diltiazem. Our systematic review highlights that there is little data to support therapies for CMD. We assess the data meeting rigorous inclusion criteria and review the related but excluded literature. We additionally describe the next steps needed to address this research gap, including a standardized definition of CMD, routine assessment of CMD in studies of chest pain without obstructive CAD, and specific therapy assessment in the population with confirmed CMD.
MR Imaging Features of Fibrocystic Change of the Breast

Purpose— Studies specifically reporting MR imaging of fibrocystic change (FCC) of the breast are very few and its MR imaging features are not clearly known. The purpose of this study was to analyze the MR imaging features of FCC of the breast. Materials and Methods— Thirty one patients of pathologically proved FCC of the breast were retrospectively reviewed. The MRI study was performed using a 1.5 T MR scanner with standard bilateral breast coil. The imaging protocol consisted of pre-contrast T1W imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced axial T1W imaging. The MRI features were interpreted based on the morphologic and enhancement kinetic descriptors defined on ACR BIRADS-MRI lexicon. Results— FCC of the breast had a wide spectrum of morphologic and kinetic features on MRI. Two types of FCC were found, including a more diffuse type of non-mass lesion (12/31, 39%) showing benign enhancement kinetic pattern with medium wash-in in early phase (9/10, 90%) and a focal mass type lesion (11/31, 35%) with enhancement kinetic usually showing rapid up-slope mimicking a breast cancer (8/11, 73%). Conclusion— MRI is able to elaborate the diverse imaging features of fibrocystic change of the breast. Our result showed that FCC presenting as focal mass type lesion were usually over-diagnosed as malignancy. Understanding MR imaging of FCC is important to determine which cohort of patients should be followed up alone or receive aggressive management.
SENSORLESS CONTROL OF SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTORS OF TRACTION ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS

In the paper a sensorless control system of switched reluctance motors, which can be used in the structure of traction electromechanical systems, is proposed. This modify of sensorless control allows to simplify the structure of the electromechanical system, estimating the magnitude of the rotor angular position using measured electrical parameters eliminating the need of use a position sensor on the motor shaft. The position estimating is performed using the identification of the change of winding inductances of the traction electric machine when the test voltage pulses are applied. The efficiency of the proposed solutions is proved by mathematical
Transcript abundance patterns in Kawasaki disease patients with IVIG resistance

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)-resistant Kawasaki disease (KD) patients comprise at least 20% of treated patients and are at higher risk of coronary artery abnormalities. If identified early in the course of the disease, such patients may benefit from additional anti-inflammatory therapy. The aim of this study was to compare the transcript abundance between IVIG-resistant and – responsive KD patients to identify biomarkers that might differentiate between these two groups and to generate new targets for therapies in IVIG-resistant KD patients. We compared the transcript abundance profiles of whole blood RNA on Agilent arrays from acute and convalescent KD subjects and age-similar, healthy controls. KD subjects were stratified as IVIG-resistant or – responsive based on response to initial IVIG therapy. Transcript abundance was higher for IL-1 pathway genes (IL-1 receptor, interleukin receptor associated kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase), and MMP-8 . These findings point to candidate biomarkers that may predict IVIG-resistance in acute KD patients. The results also underscore the importance of the IL-1 pathway as a mediator of inflammation in KD and suggest that IL-1 or its receptor may be reasonable targets for therapy, particularly for IVIG-resistant patients.
Genetic Insights into Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Application of Whole-Exome Sequencing to the Study of Pathogenic Mechanisms

and pulmonary vasoconstriction, PASMC proliferation/migration and pulmonary vascular wall thickening, and inhibition of PASMC apoptosis resulting in pulmonary vascular remodeling (19). On the basis of case–control studies, the current work by Hemnes and colleagues has found Wnt pathway and smooth muscle contraction pathway variants to be signiﬁcantly overrepresented in PAH and in vasodilator-responsive PAH, respectively (19). Activation of Wnt signaling has been shown to induce Ca 2 1 release from the sarcoplasmic (SR) or endoplasmic (ER) reticulum by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP 3 )-mediated activation of IP 3 receptor, a Ca 2 1 release channel expressed in the ER/SR membrane. The Wnt-mediated Ca 2 1 mobilization from the SR/ER to the cytosol causes Ca 2 1 store depletion that subsequently opens the store-operated Ca 2 1 channels (SOC), formed by Orai1/2 and TRPC6 channel subunits, to induce store-operated Ca 2 1 entry (SOCE). Mutations in genes encoding KCNK3, a two-pore domain K 1 channel, and KCNA5, a voltage-gated K 1 channel, may lead to transcriptional down-regulation and/or functional inhibition of KCNK3 and KCNA5, causing membrane depolarization that opens voltage-dependent Ca 2 1 channels (VDCC) and induces voltage-dependent Ca 2 1 entry. Furthermore, up-regulated Notch3 and enhanced Notch signaling have been demonstrated to functionally activate receptor-operated Ca 2 1 channels (ROC) and induce receptor-operated Ca 2 1 entry (ROCE) via Notch intracellular domain (NICD) or other unknown mechanisms (22). Caveolin-1 (CAV1) has been shown to inhibit various K 1 channels, cause membrane depolarization, and induce Ca 2 1 inﬂux through VDCC. The increased cytosolic Ca 2 1 concentration ([Ca 2 1 ] cyt ) causes PASMC contraction, leading to pulmonary vasoconstriction, and stimulates PASMC migration and proliferation, leading to pulmonary vascular remodeling (or concentric pulmonary arterial wall thickening). Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2)/Smad signaling has been demonstrated to induce PASMC apoptosis and inhibit PASMC and pulmonary arterial endothelial cell (PAEC) proliferation (23, 24). Mutations in the BMPR2 gene identiﬁed in patients with idiopathic and heritable PAH result in the inhibition of PASMC apoptosis and enhancement of PASMC/PAEC proliferation, contributing to the development and progression of pulmonary vascular remodeling. Calmodulin (CaM) is a Ca 2 1 -sensitive protein that physically interacts with Smad and induces Ca 2 1 -dependent inhibition of transforming growth factor b /activin signaling (25, 26); this suggests that elevated [Ca 2 1 ] cyt and activated CaM can lead to inhibition of BMP/BMPR2/Smad signaling, and ultimately to inhibited PASMC apoptosis and enhanced PASMC proliferation. DSH = dishevelled; ENG = endoglin; LRP= low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein; Smad = mothers against decapentaplegic homologs.