Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variaciones temporales en la composición y abundancia de cuatro especies de Cancer (Decapoda: Brachyura: Cancridae) capturadas con trampas en bahía San Vicente, Concepción (Chile central)

This study analyzes the composition and distribution of the main brachyuran decapod crustacean species caught by small-scale fishermen in the coastal area off the Hualpen Peninsula (Concepcion). These patterns were then compared and related to variations in temperature and extraction depth. The catches throughout the year were basically represented by four Cancer species, especially in autumn 2003, when C. porteri was most abundant. This species was under-represented during the rest of the year and dominant again the following summer. C. coronatus, C. setosus, and C. edwardsi were not very abundant in summer, but appeared in greater quantities during the rest of the year. This variation in species composition and spatial distribution of the catches was related to seasonal migrations, which were associated with the occurrence of bad weather fronts that affect the area in winter. The significant relationships between abundance and temperature support the occurrence of these migrations. Moreover, experiments (catch, marking, re-catch) were done to determine the population parameters of the species under study. Although the general re-catch rate was very low, the results suggest a high degree of mobility.
Toxicity of spinosad on common green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) larvae via ingestion technique under laboratory conditions

The use of selective insecticides could improve conservation of natural enemies and therefore contribute to the success of integrated pest management programmes. In this study, the toxicity of one selective insecticide, spinosad to common green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) was evaluated. Several stages of C. carnea larvae were exposed to spinosad via ingestion technique under laboratory conditions. The used quantities of spinosad were less than the maximum recommended rate given on the product label. In ingestion bioassay tests, a direct relationship was detected between the concentration of spinosad and mortality rate of first instar larvae. So that, the applied of 250 and 2500 ppm of spinosad caused 35 and 90% mortality, respectively. Mortality rate was recorded 1–3 days of post treatment. An implementation of 250 ppm of spinosad on second and third instar larvae showed negligible mortality rate after 3 days, whereas the first instars larvae suffered 35% mortality. On the basis of collected data we could conclude that spinosad is not merited to be considered to have an environmental safety profile on C. carnea similar to well-established conventional biological insecticides.
Relationship between backfat thickness of sows during late gestation and reproductive efficiency at different parities

Abstract The present study investigated the impact of sow backfat (BF) thickness at d 109 of gestation (≤10, 11 to 12, 13 to 14, 15 to 16, 17 to 18, 19 to 20, 21 to 22, 23 to 24, 25 to 26 and ≥27 mm) at different parities (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and ≥8) on sow and piglet performance based on records from 11,536 farrowings of 2875 sows. For each parity, an increase in sow BF thickness at d 109 of gestation was associated with (1) a linear decrease (P < 0.05) in sow daily feed intake, (2) a linear increase (P < 0.05) in losses of maternal BF thickness and body weight during the lactation period, and BF gain from weaning to d 109 of subsequent gestation, and (3) a concave down quadratic change (P < 0.05) in litter size and litter gain at weaning.
Length–weight relationships of 20 fish species from Pahang River, Maran district, Pahang, Malaysia

This study reports the length–weight relationships (LWR) of 20 fish species from the Pahang River, Maran district, Pahang, Malaysia. The river supplies fishes mainly for local consumption and is a principal body of water for freshwater aquaculture in Malaysia. A total of 12 LWR of fishes were unknown to FishBase, and five new maximum lengths of fishes were identified from the study.
The precision of assessing components of the condition of moist tall grassveld

Abstract The precision of a rapid technique previously developed to assess veld condition in three grassveld types in Natal was investigated. Three plots were assessed four times on each of three occasions during a growing season. Because basal cover tends to be low, and since it is binomially distributed, it is a poor statistic for rapid techniques. Measuring the proportions of ecological groups and the species composition score has satisfactory precision. On 19 out of 20 occasions the composition score obtained from assessing a single plot once lies within ± 4,5 units of a large sample mean which may range between 0 and 100 units. Assessments should be done during the growing season, and standardised with respect to plant phenology, burning and mowing.
Successful use of a passive integrated transponder (PIT) system for below-ground detection of plethodontid salamanders

Abstract Context. Passive integrated transponder (PIT) technology allows for permanent and unambiguous marking of animals and has recently been adapted for locating tagged individuals in the field with portable detection systems. Aims. We seek to assess the effects of PIT tagging on the growth and survival of plethodontid salamanders in the laboratory and to evaluate the effectiveness of this method for subterranean detection of salamanders in the field. Methods. In a laboratory experiment, we assigned 36 Plethodon shermani to either a PIT tag or control group and compared survival and growth rates over the course of 9 weeks. For the field study, we implanted six Plethodon metcalfi with PIT tags and conducted surveys so as to determine their below-ground positions with a portable detector. Key results. We found no effect of PIT tagging on either growth or survival in the laboratory. In the field, PIT telemetry resulted in an overall detection efficiency of 44%, with nighttime surveys yielding a greater detection efficiency than daytime surveys. This technique provided a significant improvement over traditional hand-capture because detected salamanders were rarely visible on the ground surface. Key conclusions. Our study indicates that even these relatively small-bodied salamanders (range: 2.14–5.18 g) are capable of bearing PIT tag implants and confirms the results of previous studies that found no effect of PIT tagging on the health or survival of amphibians. This study further demonstrates that the use of a portable PIT detector can be an effective method for locating below-ground salamanders. Implications. Because of the small size and long lifespan of PIT tags, we believe portable PIT detectors can provide researchers with an unprecedented level of detail for studies of the movement behaviour, spatial ecology and management of species that are small or otherwise challenging to detect and monitor with other techniques.
Higher order structure of the HIV-1 leader RNA: a case for RNA switches that regulate virus replication

Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva. nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.
Noise reduction method of plastic pipe leakage signal based on WOA-VMD algorithm

Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to select the appropriate number of decompositions K and penalty factor α for the denoising of plastic pipe leakage signal by variational modal decomposition (VMD) algorithm. In this paper, a noise reduction method based on Whale optimization algorithm (WOA) combined with VMD algorithm was proposed. First, the permutation entropy can reflect the complexity of the one-dimensional time series, and the decomposition result with the smallest permutation entropy is taken as the optimization objective; then the permutation entropy is used as a fitness function combined with WOA to optimize the parameters of the VMD algorithm to realize the adaptive decomposition of the leakage signal; Finally, calculate the correlation coefficient of each intrinsic mode function (IMF) component after decomposition to judge its noise level, remove the high frequency component which contains much noise, so as to realize the noise reduction of pipeline leakage signal. The simulate experimental results show that the method has a good denoising effect on the leakage signal of plastic pipeline, and can effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the leakage signal, which proves its feasibility in the actual leakage detection of plastic pipeline.
EFFECTS OF USING ROSEMARY EXTRACT AND ONION JUICE ON OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF SARDINE (SARDINA PILCHARDUS) MINCE

Sardine (Sardina pilchardus) mince was treated with rosemary extract (RE - 300 ppm) and onion juice (OJ - 1 mL/100 g) then stored at -20C for 5 months. Proximate composition, thiobarbutiric acid (TBA), free fatty acids (FFA) and peroxide value (PV) were determined on 0 and 15 days and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 months of storage. Fatty acid composition was also determined on 0 and 5 months of frozen storage. TBA, PV and FFA levels increased on all experimental groups due to the lipid oxidation. RE showed antioxidative effect on sardine mince during frozen storage as indicated by TBA, PV and FFA levels. Oxidation was delayed for 3 months by OJ treatment. At the end of 5 months' storage, the TBA values in OJ treatment and control (C) treatment were out of consumable limits. After frozen storage of 5 months polyunsaturated fatty acid level decreased and saturated fatty acid level increased in the control treatment. No significant change was observed in fatty acid composition in samples of RE and OJ treatments.
The diploid nature of the Chilean Epipetrum and a new base number in the Dioscoreaceae

Abstract Chromosomal analyses were conducted for the first time in all three species of the Chilean endemic Epipetrum Phil. (Dioscoreaceae; the yam family). Mitotic chromosome counts showed that all studied individuals of the rare Epipetrum bilobum and E. polyanthes, and most studied individuals of the more widespread E. humile, had 2n = 14 chromosomes. However, two populations of E. humile had 2n = 28 chromosomes. The ideograms shared a similar karyotype constitution for the three species but with a duplicated chromosome number in some populations of E. humile. Our results suggest that the Epipetrum taxa are mainly diploids, with a base number of x = 7, and the tetraploid cytotypes have arisen only in few cases. After that of Borderea (x = 6), this chromosome base number is the second lowest one found in the Dioscoreaceae. Epipetrum and Borderea are two small, relict, satellite genera of the Dioscoreaceae, endemic to Chile (South America) and the Pyrenees (Southwestern Europe), respectively. The two taxa share several morphological attributes and are adapted to rocky and mountain habitats. However, whereas Borderea is an allotetra‐ploid genus of relatively recent hybrid origin, Epipetrum is diploid in common with the species found in the early branching clades of Dioscorea.
The Simulation Study of Simulink-based Four-way Slide Valve Modeling

In the diesel engine high pressure common rail injection system, the displacement of the main spool of the fuel injection control valve (FIVA valve) determines the flow direction and flow of the servo oil, thus controlling the fuel boost and injection. In order to achieve the high pressure and high flow control, the pilot electro-hydraulic proportional valve is used to control the displacement of the main spool, and the pilot valve is a three-way four-way slide valve which plays a key control role. In this paper, we model and simulate this three-way slide valve to provide theoretical support for the design and calculation of the pilot valve, and to achieve reliable control of the pilot valve. In this paper, the system model of the four-way slide valve is established through the mathematical model of dynamic-iron electrical-mechanical converter, the mathematical model of solenoid output force, the mathematical model of spool motion and the mathematical model of slide valve flow, and the system transfer function with the current signal of the four-way slide valve as input and the displacement/flow of the four-way slide valve as output is derived, and the dynamic performance of the system is simulated and analyzed using Simulink simulation tool The velocity/displacement curve of the spool of the four-way slide valve and the flow curve of the valve were obtained. The simulation results verified the correctness of the established mathematical model of the system, which is basically consistent with the experimental flow characteristics of the existing four-way slide valve products, and verified the correctness of the simulation results. Therefore, the Simulink tool for the simulation of the mathematical model of the four-way slide valve is feasible and can correctly and realistically analyze the dynamic characteristics of the four-way slide valve.
The postcranial anatomy of Suminia getmanovi (Synapsida: Anomodontia), the earliest known arboreal tetrapod

The basal anomodont Suminia getmanovi Ivakhnenko, 1994 from the late Palaeozoic of Russia is highly specialized in its masticatory apparatus, and has been suggested to represent the earliest arboreal tetrapod in the fossil record. Its postcranial anatomy is described in detail for the first time, revealing a large number of autapomorphies for this small herbivore. These include a reduced number of presacral and therein dorsal vertebrae, an elongate neck, a long and possibly prehensile tail, a procoracoid with a notch at its ventromedial margin rather than a foramen, an iliac blade with a robust ridge at its anteromedial edge, a pubis with a puboischiadic fenestra and separate pubic foramen, and elongate limbs. Additional autapomorphic characters are displayed in the autopodium, which comprises about 40% of the entire limb length. These features include an enlarged, phalangiform distal carpal 1 and tarsal 1, a short and robust first metacarpal, a crescent-shaped distal tarsal 4, and elongate penultimate phalangeal elements. The phylogenetic relationships of basal anomodonts are revisited using an expanded data set, with the addition of key taxa and several postcranial characters. Unlike dicynodonts, Suminia retained the plesiomorphic phalangeal formula for amniotes of 2-3-4-5-3 (manus) and 2-3-4-5-4 (pes). This pattern is achieved by the retention of disc-like phalangeal elements between the proximal and penultimate phalanges in digits III, IV (manus and pes), and V (pes only). In light of the new material, Suminia can be recognized as the most complete basal anomodont, offering new insights into the early evolution of the group. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 162, 661–698.
Research on Cable Modeling and Calculation Method Based on Revit Secondary Development

At present, the field of electromechanical pipelines mainly relies on CAD drawings to express design information and carry out project costing, but the two-dimensional drawings cannot well express the specific layout of cable lines and are not accurate enough for quantity calculation. In addition, although the method of establishing 3D BIM model of MEP pipeline and carrying out costing is feasible, the model establishment process is complicated and tedious, and the overall efficiency is low. This paper researches and develops a Revit-based cable modeling and costing program, which splits the tedious and repetitive cable modeling work and automates it by breadth-first search algorithm, CAD drawing flip model and ray collision algorithm, and automatically performs quantity statistics based on the costing parameters of the pipeline exported from the 3D model. Finally, the feasibility of the program is verified by an engineering example. The experimental result prove that the method can significantly improve the work efficiency of designers and cost personnel, and to a certain extent, optimize the cable path, reduce the amount of cable consumption, and save costs.
Microbiological and chemical quality of sludges from domestic wastewater plants

Digested sludge samples from domestic wastewater treatment plants located in Northern Italy were tested as far as the presence of viruses (enteric viruses and coliphages), bacteria (faecal coliforms, salmonella) and helminth eggs is concerned. Heavy metals were also analysed. Escherichia coli bacteriophages and faecal coliforms were isolated from all samples, while salmonellae and helminth eggs were isolated only from four and three out of 27 total samples, respectively. The 66% of sludge samples, 46 and 82% of aerobic and anaerobic digested sludges respectively, showed the presence of enteric viruses (enteroviruses and reoviruses). The virus concentrations ranged from 0.6 to 123 MPNCU/g. Results of this study suggest that significant concentrations of pathogens such as enteric viruses can be present in digested sludge, which showed compliance with Italian legislation. As suggested by other authors, there is the need for surveillance and reference indications both in EU (European Union) and Italian regula.
Pellaea flavescens, a Brazilian Endemic, is a Synonym of Old World Pellaea viridis

Abstract A phylogenetic analysis of plastid rbcL sequences indicates that Pellaea flavescens from Brazil is nested within the Old World species Pellaea viridis. The morphology of these two species is similar and P. flavescens is here considered to be a synonym of the older P. viridis. This fern may have been introduced to and subsequently naturalized in Brazil or, alternatively, the natural result of long distance dispersal.
Polysaccharide Localization in the Cell Wall of Porphyra leucosticta (Bangiophyceae, Rhodophyta) during the Life Cycle

In the two alternating phases of the life cycle of Porphyra leucosticta different fibrillar polysaccharides are present in the cell wall: cellulose in the conchocelis and xylans in the gametophyte. The enzyme-colloidal gold technique has been used for the identification and the localization of both these polysaccharides and a comparison has been made with the PATAg test. The higher specificity of affinity cytochemistry allowed us to confirm the presence of cellulose only in the conchocelis, and to localize it in the inner layer of the cell wall. Likewise, the xylans were identified in the gametophytic phase and also localized in the inner zone of the cell wall. The possibility that mannans could be located in both phases in the outer part of the wall at the thallus surface is proposed.
The biogeography of insects' length–dry mass relationships

Biomass measures are central to estimating secondary productivity and studying how resources are distributed within an ecosystem. Because directly measuring insect biomass is a lengthy process, many authors have resorted to empirical length–dry mass relationships. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative importance of latitude, climate and physical habitat (aquatic vs. terrestrial) in explaining the variability in length–dry mass relationships among insect populations. A global meta‐analysis of the body length–dry mass power coefficients of 457 insect samples was conducted using mixed‐effects models. The length–dry mass power coefficients of insects were positively related to the absolute latitude of the study site and to habitat type; with insects captured in aquatic habitats being characterised by higher allometric coefficients than terrestrial ones. Neither the annualised climatic variables (temperature and precipitation) nor the metamorphosis type of insect taxa had a significant effect on the allometric coefficients. The findings may lead to a generalised body length–dry mass relationship for insects, accounting for both the phylogenetic relatedness and the environmental (biotic and abiotic) context of populations.
Fine-scale selection by marten during winter in a young deciduous forest

American marten (Martes americana (Turton, 1806)) are often associated with old-growth forests, but have been detected living in a young deciduous forest in northern British Columbia, where a previous coarse-scale analysis failed to detect significant habitat selection. To address this paradox, we examined fine-scale habitat selection for specific activities. We used radiotelemetry and snowtracking to identify sites that appeared to have been used for resting, foraging, scent marking, and traveling during the winters of 19981999 and 19992000. Then we conducted vegetation surveys at these activity sites and at nearby random locations and used logistic regression to measure selection. Based on the number of significant variables and model fit, we detected more selectivity by marten for resting than for foraging and scent-marking sites, and no selectivity for traveling. Marten exhibited selection for several habitat structures that are characteristic of older forests (e.g., rootballs and wide-diameter snag.
A water deficit during pod development in lentils reduces flower and pod numbers but not seed size

An experiment was conducted under controlled conditions in a glasshouse to determine the sensitivity of reproductive development of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) genotypes of different origins to water deficit. The 3 genotypes were Cassab (West Asia), Simal (South Asia), and ILL 7979 a crossbred between a West Asian genotype and a South Asian genotype. Two watering treatments, a well-watered control and a water-deficit treatment, were imposed from the beginning of podding. Leaf water relations, total dry matter production, leaf area, and number of flowers, pods, and seeds were measured from podding to maturity. In the well-watered plants the leaf water potential (ψleaf ) before sunrise ranged from −0.6 to −0.8 MPa. When subjected to water deficit, ψleaf fell to about −3.0 MPa. Genotypes did not show variation in vegetative growth or seed yield under either well-watered or water-deficit conditions, but they differed significantly in the number of flowers, fruiting nodes, pods, and seeds, and harvest index (HI). Seed size in Cassab was 61% larger than ILL 7979 and 105% larger than Simal. The small-seeded genotypes produced the highest number of fruiting nodes and hence a greater number of flowers, pods, and seeds. Seed size was positively correlated with seed growth rate (r = 0.77**) and seed fill duration (r = 0.45*). The water deficit reduced plant height by about 20%, leaf area by 48-81%, and total dry matter by about 60% compared with well-watered plants. The water deficit reduced flower number by 35-46% and increased seed abortion (empty pods) by 17-46%. The water deficit had no effect on the maximum seed growth rate, seed fill duration, or final seed size in any of the 3 genotypes. Therefore, the 70% reduction in seed yield induced by the water deficit was primarily due to a reduction in pod and seed numbers (by 59-70%) rather than individual seed growth rate and seed size.
Payosphaeria minuta gen. et sp. nov., an Ascomycete on Mangrove Wood

Payosphaeria minuta Leong gen. et sp. nov. (Ascomycotina) was collected on submerged wood samples of Avicennia alba, A. lanata and Rhizophora apiculata in Mandai mangrove, Singapore; mangrove wood in Kuala Selangor and Sementa, Malaysia; and unidentified driftwood in north Sumatra. The new fungus is described and illustrated by light micrographs. It is compared with Trichosphaeria, Thalassogena sphaerica and Moana turbinulata.