Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Population genomics of pollinating fig wasps and their natural enemies

i! Lay summary . ii! Declaration . iv! Acknowledgements . v! List of abbreviations and model parameters . vi! 1! Chapter 1: Introduction . 1! 1.1! Phylogeography . 1! 1.2! Alternative uses for genomic data – detecting selection . 4! 1.3! The east coast of Australia: an ideal location for phylogeographic studies . 6! 1.3. 1! Barriers to dispersal along the east coast . 7! 1.4! Comparative phylogeography . 11! 1.5! Studying a community . 12! 1.6! Ecologically closed communities of herbivorous insects . 16! 1.6. 1! An example of an ecologically closed community: figs and fig wasps . 16! 1.6. 1.1! Fig development and the lifecycle of a fig wasp . 20! 1.6. 1.2! Ficus rubiginosa, Ficus obliqua, Ficus watkinsiana and their fig wasp inhabitants . 22! 1.7! Thesis Outline . 27! 1.7. 1! Chapter 2: Whole genome sequencing on a community scale . 27! 1.7. 2! Chapter 3: Profiling the demographic history of Pleistodontes nigriventris, the pollinator of Ficus watkinsiana . 28! 1.7. 3! Chapter 4: Comparative phylogeography of the inhabitants from a geographically widespread fig wasp community . 28! 1.7. 4! Chapter 5: General discussion . 28! 2! Chapter 2: Whole genome sequencing on a community scale . 29! 2.1! Abstract . 29! 2.2! Introduction . 30! 2.2.1! Phylogeography using multiple loci . 30! 2.2.2! Study system and design . 33! 2.2.3! Haplodiploidy . 41! 2.2. 4! Sample selection . 42! 2.2. 5! Objectives . 43! 2.3! Methods . 45! 2.3. 1! Sample collection . 45!
Sociality and the Psychological Contract of Work

Abstract The idea of the psychological contract, as a tacit mental representation of an employee’s expectations of the work exchange with the employer, is congruent with the concept of a construction, as recognized by constructivism and personal construct psychology (PCP) in particular. This relationship was addressed by examining how a group of employees construe their psychological contracts. The empirical findings challenge the received wisdom that the psychological contract emerges during work socialization in response to environmental cues and signals, positing instead that antecedent individual and social experiences contribute to work predispositions that independently shape and influence psychological contract construal. Specifically, the findings point to the role of sociality in sharing cultural values that materially define the construction.
Sequential Feature Selection in Customer Churn Prediction Based on Naive Bayes

The customer churn prediction is an important business strategy for the company. The ease of switching operators is one of the serious challenges that must be faced by the telecommunications industry. To get new customers requires a much higher cost than maintaining existing customers. Customer churn refers to the periodic loss of customers in an organization. To retain existing customers, organizations must improve customer service, improve product quality, and must be able to know in advance which customers have the possibility of leaving the organization. By predicting customer churn, companies can immediately take action to retain customers. Prediction can be done by analysing customer data using data mining techniques. This study proposes to implement feature selection to select relevant features and can provide improved performance in customer churn prediction models. Some proposed feature selection techniques are Sequential Forward Selection (SFS), Sequential Backward Selection (SBS), Sequential Forward Floating Selection (SFFS), Sequential Forward Floating Selection (SBFS), Sequential Backward Floating Selection (SBFS). The classification algorithm used to classify is Naive Bayes. The model that provides the best performance value is the model that implements Sequential Backward Selection (SBS) and Sequential Backward Floating Selection (SBFS) feature selection technique with feature number 19.
Mixed methods on Instagram research: Methodological challenges in data analysis and visualization

In this article, we will present our insights on key methodological challenges emerged from the Selfiestories project, focused on selfies as personal narratives on Instagram. In this research, we approached the selfie practice in the context of user’s personal narratives (Georgakopoulou, 2016, From narrating the self to posting self(ies): A small stories approach to selfies. Open Linguistics 2(1): 300–317. ) embedded in the everyday. We opted for a mixed methodology (Creswell and Creswell, 2017) resonating on the notion of remix (Markham, 2013, Remix cultures, remix methods: Reframing qualitative inquiry for social media contexts. In: Denzin N and Giardina M (eds) Global Dimensions of Qualitative Inquiry. pp. 63–81. ), thus combining fieldwork and ethnographic techniques with quantitative data obtained through an Instagram data extractor. This approach proved to be challenging in the process of establishing a dialogue between data sets of different nature. At this stage, we considered visualization as a valuable technique for analysis and communication, particularly in those case studies where fieldwork and data extraction from Instagram were conducted simultaneously. Decisions made regarding visualization processes posed different challenges regarding the intermingling of qualitative and quantitative data and the layout of our results. After a contextualization of our research and methodology, we will analyze the challenges and limitations of visualizations in our research. Taking into account the time-based dimension of personal narratives in Instagram, emphasized in some of our case studies, such as events, we will document our own process in looking for the best possible ways to present a more balanced account of our synchronous qualitative and quantitative data. We will do so against the temporal background of the experience of the first day of the Primavera Sound 2016, where we conducted fieldwork while extracting data from Instagram. After carrying out different tests with alternative visualization tools and formats, we chose to work with timeline tools, particularly those who offered a narrative layout against the backdrop of experience time. In a research where time and synchrony play a pivotal role, we suggest that adding a temporal dimension in visualization could be a way of connecting both perspectives, thus allowing to present different sources and types of data together, while also expanding the role that storytelling can play in visualizing data.
"Analysis of humanized antibody diversification in rabbits and mice using transgenic Immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) mini-loci"

Somatic mutation of rearranged immunoglobulin genes (IgH and IgL) is a key process because it leads to the diversification of the antibody chains, a vital progression in the affinity maturation process whereby antibody-antigen binding is enhanced. Two different mechanisms of somatic mutation have been described and attributed to different species: somatic hypermutaion (in man and mouse) occurs by fixation of individual non-templated nucleotide substitutions, whereas gene conversion (in rabbits, sheep, birds and cattle) occurs by templated substitutions with sequences donated by upstream pseudogenes to the rearranged IgV gene segment. These two processes have been described to be alternative methods employed in revamping a lesion caused by the protein Activation Induced Deanimase (AID) in the rearranged IgV gene segment. The decision which method is thereby used depends on interplay of cis (Ig promoter and enhancer) and trans (genes involved in homologous recombination) elements. In this work a transgenic vector is created using a novel approach, whereby the coding sequences of a rabbit IgH locus are substituted with their human counterparts. In the first part of the study, this transgenic vector is used to generated transgenic mice, and somatic diversification of the humanized antibodies investigated; the question posed being what would be the result of the interaction between rabbit ( a gene converting animal) cis regulatory elements (on the transgenic vector) and the trans elements of the mouse host ( a hypermutating animal)? The results advocate a species specific activity of the Ig cis and trans elements as no somatic hypermutation was observed, albeit successful rearrangement and employment of the translocus. In the second part of the work, a second humanized rabbit transgenic vector was used to generate transgenic rabbits and mice and the somatic diversification of the humanized antibodies investigated. Mice and rabbits transgenic for the same locus proffer a much comprehensible comparison of somatic hypermutation in these animals. The question to be answered in this second part was would the humanized antibodies undergo somatic hypermutation in the transgenic mice and gene conversion in the transgenic rabbits? The results give credit to the hypothesis from the first part: the humanized antibodies from the transgenic mice showed no somatic hypermutation, while those from the transgenic rabbits did undergo effective gene conversion. In total these results argue for a species specific interaction of Ig cis and trans regulatory elements in determining the method of somatic mutation employed.
Early Carboniferous HP metamorphism in the Hida Gaien Belt, Japan: Implications for the Palaeozoic tectonic history of proto‐Japan

We report two new eclogite localities (at Kanayamadani and Shinadani) in the high‐P (HP) metamorphic rocks of the Omi area in the western most region of Niigata Prefecture, Japan, which form part of the Hida Gaien Belt, and determine metamorphic conditions and pressure–temperature (P–T) paths. The metamorphic evolution of the eclogites is characterized by a tight hairpin‐shaped P–T path from prograde epidote–blueschist facies to peak eclogite facies and then retrograde blueschist facies. The prograde metamorphic stage is characterized by various amphibole (winchite, barroisite, glaucophane) inclusions in garnet, whereas the peak eclogite facies assemblage is characterized by omphacite, garnet, phengite and rutile. Peak P–T conditions of the eclogites were estimated to be ~600°C and up to 2.0 GPa by conventional cation‐exchange thermobarometry, Ti‐in‐zircon thermometry and quartz inclusion Raman barometry respectively. However, the Raman spectra of carbonaceous material thermometry of metapelites associated with the eclogites gave lower peak temperatures, possibly due to metamorphism at different conditions before being brought together during exhumation. The blueschist facies overprint following the peak of metamorphism is recognized by the abundance of glaucophane in the matrix. Zircon grains in blueschist facies metasedimentary samples from two localities adjacent to the eclogites have distinct oscillatory‐zoned cores and overgrowth rims. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U–Pb ages of the detrital cores yield a wide range between 3,200 and 400 Ma, with a peak at 600–400 Ma. In the early Palaeozoic, proto‐Japan was located along the continental margin of the South China craton, providing the source of the older population of detrital zircon grains (3,200–600 Ma) deposited in the trench‐fill sediments. In addition, subduction‐related magmatism c. 500–400 Ma is recorded in the crust below proto‐Japan, which might have been the source for the younger detrital zircon grains. The peak metamorphic age was constrained by SHRIMP dating of the overgrowth rims, yielding Tournaisian ages of 347 ± 4 Ma, suggesting subduction in the early Carboniferous. Our results provide clear constraints on the initiation of subduction, accretion and the development of an arc‐trench system along the active continental margin of the South China craton and help to unravel the Palaeozoic tectonic history of proto‐Japan.
Bacteriological Assessment of Hospital Air and Selected Surfaces in Three Referral Hospitals in Makurdi Middle Belt Nigeria

Hospital environment needs more attention because of the influx of people into the environment for medical checkup and other services. This study unveils the incidence of bacteria isolated from air and selected surfaces in three referral hospitals (City hospital, Federal Medical Centre, Wadata and Saint Theresa Hospital) in Makurdi Middle Belt Nigeria. Fifty (50) bacteria were isolated; hospital air (26%), bed rails (16%), door knobs (2%), floor (4%), nurse table top (10%), operation table (4%), sink (18%), stretchers (2%) and toilet seat (12%). In City Hospital, the bacteria isolated include Escherichia coli (6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2%), Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus spp (2%), from Federal Medical Centre, bacteria isolated were Klebsiella spp (10%), Staphylococcus aureus (4%), Staphylococcus spp (8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12%) and E. coli (6%). In STH, bacteria isolated include E. coli (8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4%), Staphylococcus spp (8%) and Staphylococcus aureus (14%). The invitro antibiotics susceptibility pattern shows that Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed highest resistant to the antibiotics while Klebsiella spp was susceptible to majority of the antibiotics but resistant to cloxacillin and erythromycin. The study reveals Klebsiella spp, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. aureus and other Staphylococcus spp as bacteria commonly associated with hospital environment. This study affirms the presence of resistant bacteria strains and highlighted world-wide problem of hospital borne infections as it concerns the study area and population. This report will create awareness and be a good guide to health care workers, patients and the public about the likeliness of contracting nosocomial infection and how to treat such infection. Major recommendations offered suggests that, healthcare workers should be more careful in carrying out their duty to avoid chance of being infected in the course of their work. Also, the in-vitro antibiotics susceptibility testing on the bacterial pathogens in the study will assist the clinicians in making improvement on the management of nosocomial infections.
Fungi associated with stored wheat grain in Australia: Isolation, identification and characterisation

Fungal contamination of stored grain is a major concern because it can cause economic losses and potential human and animal health issues. The aims of this study were to: determine the effects of temperature, grain moisture content and length of storage on survival of fungi associated with stored wheat grain in Australia; compare the efficacy of a range of methods for isolating, identifying and characterizing fungi in stored wheat grain in Australia; and assess the potential of using volatile organic compounds for detecting fungi associated with stored wheat grain in Australia. It was demonstrated that fungi could be isolated from apparently healthy wheat grain for up to six months when stored at recommended or slightly higher than recommended moisture contents and temperatures. Spoilage fungi associated with wheat grain from across Australia were isolated and identified and included the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, Cladosporium, Drechslera, Fusarium, Mucor, Nigrospora, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Setosphaeria, Stemphylium, Ulocladium, Epicoccum and an unidentified species from the Hypocreales. The genus Eutiarosporella was also recorded and a new species, Eutiarsporella pseudotritici-australis sp. nov. described. The most frequently isolated genus was Alternaria. Next generation sequencing was used to identify fungi that were not isolated using traditional methods and detected the presence of the human pathogens Cryptococcus macerans and Cryptococcus victoriae. It was also demonstrated that that some fungal species produce volatile organic compounds including cyclooctasiloxane hexadecamethyl- (CAS 556-68-3) from Alternaria alternata, pentadecane (CAS 629-62-9) from A. infectoria and naphthalene (CAS 91-20-3) in grain colonised by Cladosporium herbarum. This research has contributed new knowledge regarding fungal pathogens occurring in stored grain in Australia. When combined with next generation sequencing and measurement of volatile organic compounds the presence of fungi in storage facilities may be determined at an early stage of development, allowing mitigation strategies to be implemented to reduce postharvest loss and ensure the supply of quality grain in Australia.
Functional Characteristics of Juvenile Lamprey Photoreceptors

The visual system of freshwater vertebrates shifts photoreceptor sensitivity to longer wavelengths and extends visual sensitivity beyond the range of human vision. One mechanism of enhancing sensitivity to long-wavelength light is to replace the 11-cis retinal chromophore in photopigments with 11-cis 3,4-didehydroretinal. Migratory species of amphibians and salmon can dynamically tune their visual system by altering the balance of 11-cis retinal and 11-cis 3,4-didehydroretinal. Here it is shown that the same process is available in sea lampreys. The ratio of vitamin A2-to-A1 increases as the animals migrate from the open ocean into inland freshwater environments. Suction-electrode recording was used to measure the spectral sensitivity in both adult and juvenile Petromyzon marinus. Primarily, these data show that juvenile lamprey possess a duplex retina. Secondarily, these data demonstrate a strong correlation between the red-shifted light environment of freshwater habitats and the use of the red-shifted vitamin A2 in this primitive vertebrate.
Clothed wax effigies: construction materials, challenges and suggestions for preventive conservation

Wax effigies, fully dressed life-size models of human figures, have been constructed since the medieval times. The construction materials of historical effigies differ to the contemporary ones, yet the construction process of the wax parts has more or less remained unchanged over the centuries. This paper starts with the history, construction materials and manufacture techniques of wax effigies. The inseparable relation of the wax effigies and their costumes is explained, and the characteristics and deterioration agents of their most important construction materials are presented in order to understand their needs for preservation, with emphasis on wax and fabrics. The aim of this paper is to suggest preventive conservation guidelines for wax effigies, with proposals for appropriate environmental conditions during display and storage, and suggestions for proper handling, storage and transportation. Advice for disaster preparedness and actions in cases of emergency situations is also provided.
CoGCN: Combining co‐attention with graph convolutional network for entity linking with knowledge graphs

Entity linking is a fundamental task in natural language processing. The task of entity linking with knowledge graphs aims at linking mentions in text to their correct entities in a knowledge graph like DBpedia or YAGO2. Most of existing methods rely on hand‐designed features to model the contexts of mentions and entities, which are sparse and hard to calibrate. In this paper, we present a neural model that first combines co‐attention mechanism with graph convolutional network for entity linking with knowledge graphs, which extracts features of mentions and entities from their contexts automatically. Specifically, given the context of a mention and one of its candidate entities' context, we introduce the co‐attention mechanism to learn the relatedness between the mention context and the candidate entity context, and build the mention representation in consideration of such relatedness. Moreover, we propose a context‐aware graph convolutional network for entity representation, which takes both the graph structure of the candidate entity and its relatedness with the mention context into consideration. Experimental results show that our model consistently outperforms the baseline methods on five widely used datasets.
Nitrogen utilization and transformation of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia W-6 with nitrogen-fixing ability

Strain W-6 was isolated from the purple soil and successfully identifed as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and used for the investigation on nitrogen utilization. Strain W-6 was monitored with the ability of biological nitrogen fixation when N2 was used for the sole nitrogen source, and yet nitrogenase activity would be inhibited in the presence of extra nitrogen. Moreover, Strain W-6 could utilize NO3−, NO2− and NH4+ for cell growth through assimilation, but unable to convert them to atmospheric nitrogen. Meantime, accumulation of nitrite was observed during the nitrate removal process, and the optimal conditions for nitrate removal were temperature of 20°C, shaking speed of 150 rpm, sodium succinate as the carbon source and C/N of 12. The experimental results indicate that Stenotrophomonas maltophiliautilize W-6 could utilize not only N2 but also other nitrogen sources directly as its N substance. Therefore, heterotrophic Azotobacter may possess a great significance to nitrogen cycle except in biological nitrogen fixation. Importance Azotobacter spp. are found in soils worldwide, with features not simply for the nitrogen fixation, but for the energy metabolism relevant to agriculture. However, the role of Azotobacter potential in the function of nitrogen cycle except in biological nitrogen fixation is largely unknown. As such, whether bacteria utilize either inorganic nitrogen or organic nitrogen has remained obscure. The present studies indicate that Stenotrophomonas maltophilia W-6 could highly efficient utilize nitrate, nitrite and ammonium etc. N substance and detect NH4+ as final product. The transport velocities of nitrate-N to nitrite-N was quickly without gaseous nitrogen was produced. We probed the relationship between biological nitrogen fixation and N cycle via N conversion processes by S. maltophilia W-6 with nitrogen-fixing ability
Influence of Adiposity on Physical Activity in Schoolchildren: The Moderator Role of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet

Background: Studies were performed in order to determine the existing relationship between body composition and both physical activity (PA) levels and food habits. Nevertheless, no study has yet examined if the association between adiposity and PA in children is moderated by adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD). Methods: the cross-sectional and associative analysis involved a total of 370 children (55.1% boys) aged 6–13, from six different schools from the Murcia region of Spain. Results: The different values of moderator [adherence to the MD expressed as a Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) score] are shown by the slope and the different areas of significance. The first area was shown below ≤3.8, indicating that the unfavorable influence of excess of adiposity on PA could be intensified for children in this area. The second area was a significant positive area was shown above ≥9.3, expressing that the unfavorable influence of adiposity could be reduced for those who were above this estimation point. Conclusion: Our findings reveal that the adverse effects of excess adiposity on PA can be moderated by adherence to the MD among schoolchildren.