Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of virtual and augmented reality for improving knowledge and skills in medical students: protocol for a systematic review

Introduction Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies are increasingly being used in undergraduate medical education. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of VR and AR technologies for improving knowledge and skills in medical students. Methods and analysis Using Best Evidence in Medical Education (BEME) collaboration guidelines, we will search MEDLINE (via PubMed), Education Resources Information Center, PsycINFO, Web of Knowledge, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for English-language records, from January 1990 to March 2021. Randomised trials that studied the use of VR or AR devices for teaching medical students will be included. Studies that assessed other healthcare professionals, or did not have a comparator group, will be excluded. The primary outcome measures relate to medical students’ knowledge and clinical skills. Two reviewers will independently screen studies and assess eligibility based on our prespecified eligibility criteria, and then extract data from each eligible study using a modified BEME coding form. Any disagreements will be resolved by discussion or, if necessary, the involvement of a third reviewer. The BEME Quality Indicators checklist and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool will be used to assess the quality of the body of evidence. Where data are of sufficient homogeneity, a meta-analysis using a random-effects model will be conducted. Otherwise, a narrative synthesis approach will be taken and studies will be evaluated based on Kirkpatrick’s levels of educational outcomes and the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis guidelines. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not required for this systematic review as no primary data are being collected. We will disseminate the findings of this review through scientific conferences and through publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
A prognostic scoring system for operated acute epidural hematoma based on gray–white matter ratio

Abstract To determine the prognostic risk factors of patients with acute epidural hematoma (AEDH), a scoring system was established based on gray–white matter ratio (GWR) and internal verification was performed. All patients with AEDH who underwent surgical treatment in Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital from January 2013 to June 2019 were continuously collected. The clinical and imaging data of the patients were collected. According to Glasgow Outcome Scale at 3 months after operation, the patients were divided into poor and good prognosis groups, respectively. The GWR value of the nonhematoma side was measured at the inner capsule area. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used. Independent predictors significantly related to the prognosis of AEDH were screened out and a nomogram was established based on these factors. A total of 170 cases were included in this study, the Glasgow Coma Score (severe and moderate), cerebral hernia, midline shift, preoperative GWR, postoperative GWR, hematoma thickness/midline shift, time from coma to surgery, and decompression of bone flap were the independent risk factors for predicting the poor prognosis of AEDH. Moreover, the prediction ability of nomogram was higher than any other independent predictive factors. The nomogram model established represents the most effective factor to predict the prognosis of operated AEDH. The scoring system is characterized by high accuracy, simplicity and feasibility, with a wide range of clinical application prospects.
Massive transfusion in cesarean section patients with placenta accreta: A case series

Placenta accreta in cesarean section presents problem for an anesthesiologist. It may cause massive bleeding which is usually managed with massive transfusion. In this case series, we report cases of placenta accreta patients undergoing cesarean section managed with massive transfusion. A retrospective case series review of patients diagnosed with placenta accreta undergoing cesarean section with massive bleeding and massive transfusion was conducted between April 2018 and March 2019 in Dr. Moewardi General Hospital using the medical record data. A total of five patients with placenta accreta underwent cesarean section, and massive bleeding as well as massive transfusion was identified. Hysterectomy was performed at the time of cesarean section in all cases. All patients underwent general anesthesia, had central venous catheter, and required massive transfusion. Patients were transferred to the intensive care unit postoperatively. There were no transfusion reactions and maternal death.
Multidimensional analyses of the effect of exercise on women with depression

Abstract Background: The proportion of women is higher than men in depression. This is mainly due to women's physiological regulation is different from men, especially in puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, menopause, among others. Therefore, treating depressive women is still a health challenge. Besides, recent studies of exercise therapy have a more outstanding performance in treating depression, especially in contrast to drug therapy and psychotherapy. Its main advantages are convenience, quickness, no side effects, real-time, and long-term effectiveness. Objective: The aim of this study was to systematically review the clinical efficacy of exercise on women with depressive symptoms. Methods: Searching PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and Embase databases to collect randomized controlled trials about exercise in the treatment of depressive women. After literature screening, data extraction, and literature quality evaluation, the meta-analysis of acquirement data was performed with RevMan5.3 software. Results: A total of 2294 patients were included in 25 different articles totally. Meta-analysis shows that compared with the control group, exercise could relieve female depression (standard mean difference [95% confidence interval, CI] = −0.64 [−0.89 to −0.39], Z = 4.99, P < .001). Subgroup analysis shows that different types of exercise have significant effects in improving depression symptoms. Exercise therapy has better effect on depressive patients induced by physiology or disease than ordinary depressive patients. Conclusion: Exercise can significantly improve depressive symptoms in women.
Comparison of functional dorsal attention network alterations in breast cancer survivors before and after chemotherapy

Abstract Breast cancer is the leading type of cancer among women worldwide, and a high number of breast cancer patients are suffering from psychological and cognitive disorders. This cross-sectional study used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and clinical neuropsychological tests to evaluate the possible underlying mechanisms. We enrolled 32 breast cancer patients without chemotherapy (BC), 32 breast cancer patients within 6 to 12 months after the completion of chemotherapy (BC_CTx) and 46 healthy controls. Participants underwent neuropsychological tests and rs-fMRI with mean fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation and mean regional homogeneity analyses. Between groups whole-brain voxel-wise rs-fMRI comparisons were calculated using two-sample t test. rs-fMRI and neuropsychological tests correlation analyses were calculated using multiple regression. Age and years of education were used as covariates. A false discovery rate-corrected P-value of less than . 05 was considered statistically significant. We found significantly alteration of mean fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation and mean regional homogeneity in the frontoparietal lobe and occipital lobe in the BC group compared with the other 2 groups, indicating alteration of functional dorsal attention network (DAN). Furthermore, we found the DAN alteration was correlated with neuropsychological impairment. The majority of potential underlying mechanisms of DAN alteration in BC patients may due to insufficient frontoparietal lobe neural activity to drive DAN and may be related to the effects of neuropsychological distress. Further longitudinal studies with comprehensive images and neuropsychological tests correlations are recommended.
Rehabilitation effects of land and water-based aerobic exercise on lung function, dyspnea, and exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Abstract Background: We sought to synthesize the evidence about aerobic exercise intervention during pulmonary rehabilitation, and to further explore the difference in rehabilitation effects between water and land-based aerobic exercise. This review's purpose is to provide a basis by which practitioners and therapists can select and create appropriate therapeutic programs. Methods: Data of randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials comparing training group (TG, aerobic exercise in water or land) and control group (CG, usual care) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients (January 1, 2000–December 28, 2019) were obtained from the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases. Two researchers independently reviewed the literature, extracted the data, and evaluated the quality of the literature. Review Manager software (Rev Man 5.3; Cochrane, London, UK) was used for meta-analysis. The rehabilitation effect of water- or land based aerobic exercise was evaluated by subgroup analysis. The proposed systematic review details were registered in PROSPERO (CRD 42020168331). Results: Eighteen studies (1311 cases of COPD) were included. Meta-analysis results show that compared with the control group, the dyspnea level and functional and endurance exercise capacity in COPD patients were significantly improved after aerobic exercise (P < .05), but there was no significant change in lung function (P > .05). Compared with land-based aerobic exercise, water-based aerobic exercise significantly improved the endurance exercise capacity in COPD patients (mean difference [MD]: 270.18, 95% CI: 74.61–465.75). Conclusion: Medium to high-quality evidence shows that aerobic exercise can effectively improve dyspnea and exercise capacity in COPD patients. Compared with land-based aerobic exercise, water-based aerobic exercise had a significant additional effect in improving the endurance exercise capacity of COPD patients.
Bioinformatics analysis of constructing a HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma miRNA–mRNA regulation network

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the tumors with a higher mortality rate globally, which significantly threatens people's health. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major driving factor of HCC. This study aims to determine the key microRNA (miRNA), hub genes, and related pathways, construct potential miRNA–mRNA regulatory networks, and clarify the new molecular mechanism of HCV-related HCC. In this study, 16 differentially expressed miRNAs (DE miRNAs) were identified. The prediction of potential transcription factors and target genes not only found that SP1 and ERG1 may potentially regulate most of the screened DE miRNAs, but it also obtained 2923 and 1782 predicted target genes for the up-regulation and down-regulation of DE miRNAs, respectively. Subsequently, the introduction of differentially expressed genes dataset GSE62232 for target gene verification yielded 98 and 147 potential up-regulation and down-regulation target genes. The gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis showed that they were mainly enriched in the cell cycle process, that is, subsequently, 20 hub genes were screened out through the protein–protein interaction network, and related genes were further evaluated using the GEPIA database. Based on the above analysis, the miRNA-hub gene regulatory network was constructed. In short, this research's hub genes and miRNAs closely related to HCV-related HCC were screened and identified through bioinformatics analysis and then built their connection. These results are expected to find potential therapeutic targets for HCV-related HCC.
Efficacy and tolerability of doxazosin gastro-intestinal therapeutic system versus tamsulosin in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia

Abstract Background: Alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists (α1-blockers) are first-line drugs for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Doxazosin gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS) and tamsulosin belong to the 2 most frequently prescribed α1-blockers. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of these 2 α1-blockers. Methods: A systematic review of published randomized controlled trials in English or Chinese language was performed using the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and Vip databases. After data extraction and quality assessment, the meta-analysis was performed to compare clinical parameters (International Prostate Symptom Score [IPSS] total [IPSS-T], storage [IPSS-S], voiding [IPSS-V], maximum urine flow [Qmax], and postvoid residual) and adverse events (AEs) that changed after first drug intake. Results: After the screening, 8 eligible randomized controlled trials with 1316 patients were identified. Doxazosin-GITS showed a significantly higher efficacy compared with tamsulosin (IPSS-T P < .001, IPSS-S P < .001, and IPSS-V P < .001). There were no significant differences between the 2 drugs for changes in Qmax (P = .477) or postvoid residual (P = .739). The overall AEs were significantly lower in the doxazosin-GITS group (risk ratio: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.54–1.08; P = .036). However, dizziness (P = .387), headache (P = .745), asthenia (P = .693), postural hypotension (P = .114), and retrograde ejaculation (P = .187) were similar between the 2 groups. Conclusions: This meta-analysis indicates that doxazosin-GITS has significantly higher efficacy and lower AEs than tamsulosin in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostate hyperplasia.
Transarterial chemoembolization plus sorafenib versus sorafenib for intermediate–advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks as the sixth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, local and systemic therapies are beneficial for those who have more advanced disease or are not suitable for radical treatment. We aim to investigate the clinical outcomes of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus sorafenib compared with sorafenib monotherapy for intermediate–advanced HCC. Methods: A systematic search according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines in the PubMed database was conducted from inception to December 31, 2020 for published studies comparing survival outcomes and tumor response between TACE + sorafenib and sorafenib alone for intermediate–advanced HCC. Results: Five eligible cohort studies and a randomized controlled trial with a total of 3015 patients were identified. We found that the TACE + sorafenib group had a significantly better overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66–0.88, P < .001) than those treated with sorafenib. Median OS ranged from 7.0 to 22.0 months with TACE + sorafenib and from 5.9 to 18.0 months with sorafenib. The combination of TACE + sorafenib had a significantly better time to progression (hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% CI 0.65–0.82, P < .001) than those treated with sorafenib. Median time to progression ranged from 2.5 to 5.3 months with TACE + sorafenib and from 2.1 to 2.8 months with sorafenib. The results showed the TACE + sorafenib group had a higher disease control rate (log odds ratio, 0.52; 95% CI 0.25–0.80, P = .0002), objective response rate (log odds ratio, 0.85; 95% CI 0.37–1.33, P = .0006) than sorafenib group. Hand–foot skin reaction, diarrhea, fatigue, vomiting, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation were common adverse events. The adverse events were similar between the 2 groups excluding elevated ALT. Conclusion: Although the TACE + sorafenib group had a higher elevated ALT, the combination of TACE + sorafenib had an OS benefit compared with sorafenib in the treatment of intermediate–advanced HCC. Further research is necessary to affirm this finding and clarify whether certain subgroups benefit from different combinations between TACE and sorafenib.
Case reports of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and inferior vena cava tumor thrombectomy

Abstract Renal cell carcinoma is one common type of urologic cancers. It has tendencies to invade into the inferior vena cava (IVC) and usually requires an open surgery procedure. High rates of operative complications and mortality are usually associated with an open surgery procedure. The recently emerged robot-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (RAL-RN) and IVC tumor thrombectomy have shown to reduce operative related complications in patients with renal cell carcinoma. This case series study aimed to summarize technical utilization, perioperative outcomes, and efficacies of RAL-RN and IVC tumor thrombectomy in our hospital. A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data from 20 patients who underwent RAL-RN and IVC tumor thrombectomy from January 2017 to December 2019 in our department. Patients had a median age of 59 years (interquartile range [IQR], 46–68). Four patients had renal neoplasm on left side and 16 on right side. Nineteen patients underwent RAL-RN (level 0: n = 2) or RAL-RN with IVC thrombectomy (n = 17) (level I: n = 3; level II: n = 12; and level III: n = 3) and 1 patient was converted into an open surgery. The median operative time was 328 minutes (IQR, 221–453). The estimated median blood loss was 500 mL (IQR, 200–1200). The median size of removed renal carcinoma was 67 cm2 (IQR, 40–91); the length of IVC tumor thrombus was 5 cm (IQR, 3–7). The postsurgery hospital length of stay was 6 days (IQR, 5–7). The complications included intestinal obstruction (n = 1), lymphatic fistula (n = 1), heart failure (n = 1), and low hemoglobin level (n = 1). The outcomes for patients after 16 months (IQR, 11–21) follow-up were tumor-free (n = 10), tumor progression (n = 4), loss of contact (n = 1), and death (n = 5). We concluded that RAL-RN and IVC thrombectomy renders good safety profiles including minimal invasiveness, low estimated median blood loss, short hospitalization, low morbidity, and quick renal function recovery. The long-term efficacy needs a further investigation.
A novel immune signature to predict the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract Aberrant immunity has been associated with the initiation and progression of cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we aim to develop a signature based on immune-related genes (IRGs) to predict the prognosis of HCC patients. The gene expression profiles of 891 HCC samples were derived from 4 publicly accessible datasets. A total of 1534 IRGs from Immunology Database and Analysis Portal website were obtained as candidate genes for prognostic assessment. Using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis, 12 IRGs were selected as prognostic biomarkers and were then aggregated to generate an IRG score for each HCC sample. In the training dataset (n = 365), patients with high IRG scores showed a remarkably poorer overall survival than those with low IRG scores (log-rank P < .001). Similar results were documented in 3 independent testing datasets (n = 226, 221, 79, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression and stratified analyses indicated that the IRG score was an independent and robust signature to predict the overall survival in HCC patients. Patients with high IRG scores tended to be in advanced TNM stages, with increased risks of tumor recurrence and metastasis. More importantly, the IRG score was strongly associated with certain immune cell counts, gene expression of immune checkpoints, estimated immune score, and mutation of critical genes in HCC. In conclusion, the proposed IRG score can predict the prognosis and reflect the tumor immune microenvironment of HCC patients, which may facilitate the individualized treatment and provide potential immunotherapeutic targets.
Long non-coding RNA as a potential biomarker for prognosis of glioma

Abstract Background: The molecular mechanism of Glioma is still unclear, and there are few early diagnostic markers. Therefore, it is urgent to figure out effective preventive measures, active diagnostic methods and rapid treatment measures. In recent years, relevant studies have revealed that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is associated with the prognosis of Glioma. However, these results have not been supported by any evidence. Therefore, this study carried out a meta-analysis method to analyze the relationship between lncRNA and the prognosis of Glioma. In addition, bioinformatics analysis was conducted to investigate the mechanism and related pathways of lncRNAs in Glioma. Methods: We performed a systematic search in electronic databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical literature Database, Chinese Scientific and Journal Database, Wan Fang database, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science, to investigate the potential association between lncRNA expression and prognostic significance and clinical features in glioma patients. Hazards ratios (HRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled to estimate the prognosis value of lncRNA by Stata16.0 software. The online tool AnnoLnc was applied to screen the co-expressed gene related to each lncRNA, David was used for gene ontology (GO) analysis and enrichment analysis of the signal pathway, and through Starbase, the possible competitive endogenous RNA network of lncRNAs was constructed. Results: The results of this meta-analysis would be submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication. Conclusion: This study will provide evidence-based medical evidence for lncRNA, so as to predict the prognosis of Glioma and bioinformatics analysis will provide ideas for the mechanism study on Glioma.
Single-crystal neutron diffraction in diamond anvil cells with hot neutrons

It is demonstrated that it is possible to perform single-crystal measurements in diamond anvil cells (DACs) with a monochromatic beam at modern hot neutron sources that offer the benefit of short neutron wavelengths with high fluxes. A piston–cylinder DAC with conical Boehler–Almax diamonds that allows for a wide accessibility of the reciprocal space has been developed. The diffraction data collected in this cell using hot neutrons are of very good quality and can be used for a full and reliable structure refinement.
A Survey on Semantic Parsing for Machine Programming

Over the last decade, the fields of natural language processing and understanding have seen major advances. Yet, while some of these techniques can be applied to programming language processing and understanding, there remain some fundamental differences. In this survey paper, we attempt to provide an overview of the growing body of research in this space. We begin by reviewing natural language semantic parsing techniques and extracting lessons from the evolution of semantic parsing. We then draw parallels between modern efforts in neural semantic parsing and program synthesis. In closing, we present what we believe are some of the emerging open challenges in this domain