Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact Simulations of Laminated Glass Plate by the FSDT and HSDT

Impact simulations on laminated glass plate are approached and compared by the use of finite element formulations based on a simple Whitney and Pagano’s Firstorder Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT) and a refined Reddy’s Higher-order Shear Deformation Theory (HSDT) in conjunction with Hertz’s contact law, Dharani's PVB interlayer model and wave propagation model. Through the simulation by the use of HSDT, impact behaviors like deflection, kinetic energy, wave fronts and in-plane stress in monolithic glass plate are more sensitive than those of laminated glass plate and prone to more fracture risk. But we can see that the variation of PVB thickness of laminated glass plate does not affect so much on impact behaviors. These results present a similar trend with those of simulation by using FSDT and very small differences in its magnitudes of some simulations. That is, we can’t see so much difference in application of macroscopic behaviors(contact force, deflection, kinetic energy and wave fronts) for laminated glass plate between HSDT and FSDT, but can see so much difference in application of microscopic behaviors (in-plane normal stress and transverse shear stress through the thickness). Therefore, both simple FSDT and refined HSDT can be permitted for this macroscopic predictions, but use of FSDT can be limited for microscopic behaviors like in-plane stress and transverse shear stress etc. Index Term— First-order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT), Higher-order Shear Deformation Theory (HSDT), In-plane normal stress, Laminated glass plate.
Selective Mapping Technique for Reduction of PAPR by Generating New Methods for Pseudo-Random Sequences in OFDM Systems

---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - In wireless communication, the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is the attractive technique. OFDM along with the Quadrature phase shift key mapping is used in these projects. High peak to average sum power ratio reduction is one of the challenging problem in OFDM. Selective mapping method along with that pseudo random sequence is developed to lower the PAPR.SLM needs a extra side information at the receiver end to retain the original signal. This technique is simply generated which is going to reduce the side information into single index value of the used column. Simulation results observed shows similar PAPR reduction when comparing with the conventional random sequences .
An Ensemble of Classifiers using Dynamic Method on Ambiguous Data

-The aim of proposed work is to analyze the Instance Selection Algorithm first. There are Weighted Instance Selection algorithms are available such as wDROP3 (weighted Decremental Reduction Optimization Procedure 3), wRNN (weighted Reduced Nearest Neighbor), which reduces the Sample set applied. Then the multiclass Instance Selection is useful technique for reducing space and time complexity. This removes irrelevant, noisy, superfluous instances from Training Set. Then the multiclass problem is solved by considering number of two class problem thus designing multiple two class classifiers and its combined output produces the result for it. The Boosting is use for providing weight for each instance of training set. The Designing of ensemble of classifiers is to combine all classifiers and learn by reduced training set. There are different techniques are available for designing an ensemble such as Bagging (Bootstrap Aggregating), Boosting (ADABOOST) and Error Correcting Output Code (ECOC) etc. The output of ensemble is better than the individual classifiers. The approach is tested with few benchmark data sets. It is found that Classification accuracy in the case of wDROP3 algorithm lies between 70% to 87%, but in case of wRNN algorithm lies between 61% to 89% and the Generalization accuracy in the case of wDROP3 algorithm lies between 79% to 96%, but in wRNN algorithm it lies between 75% to 94%. Another observation, when increases number of Classifiers per Ensemble then accuracy improves by 0.5 to 1.5%.
sIte classIFIcatIon scheme For a compleX geologIc area: the studY case oF mt. etna

Introduction. The features of near surface geology as well as the morphologic setting and the water content of layers play a key role in controlling ground motion. The most common technique of site response estimation is the standard spectral ratio (SSR) that consists in comparing earthquake recordings at two sites, the first of which is located on soft sediments (target site) and the other on hard rock (reference site) (Borcherdt, 1970). The method provides reliable evaluations if the “reference site” is free from any site effect, as for instance if it is located on an un-weathered, horizontal bedrock. Another extensively used technique, that does not need a reference station, consists in the spectral ratio between the horizontal and the vertical components of the shear wave part of the earthquake recordings (HVSR). This method, first applied by Lermo and Chavez-Garcia (1993) and subsequently by Lachet et al. (1996), exhibits very encouraging similarities with the SSR technique, especially in frequency values of resonant peaks, when the S-waves are used (see Riepl et al., 1998; Parolai et al., 2001 and references therein). According to the above mentioned studies HVSR is well correlated with surface geology, and much less sensitive to source and path effects. However, peak amplitudes depend on the type of incident waves; consequently, the determination of the absolute level of amplification only through HVSR is not straightforward (Field and Jacob, 1995). A quick estimate of the site effects role in the seismic motion observed at the surface can be provided by the horizontal to vertical noise spectral ratio technique (HVNR). Although many authors (e.g., Mucciarelli, 1998; Rodriguez and Midorikawa, 2002) have questioned the existence of simple direct correlation between HVNR spectral amplitude values and the site amplification, this method, put into practice by Nakamura (1989), became widely used in recent years since it provides a reliable estimate of the fundamental frequency of soft soil deposits (Lermo and Chavez-Garcia, 1993; Seekins et al., 1996). The HVNR from ambient vibrations are sometimes “non-informative”, particularly in the case of significant lateral heterogeneity giving rise to 2D/3D effects and velocity inversion that influence the vertical component of motion (Di Giacomo et al., 2005; Panzera et al., 2013). The selection of specific elastic response spectra according to “soil categories” is the easiest way to account for site effects in engineering projects and general-purpose hazard maps. Most of the international seismic codes make use of the average shear wave velocity of the upper 30 m (VS,30) to discriminate soil categories (Eurocode, NEHRP). Some doubts arise about the
The immunomodulation of dendritic cells by Neisseria meningitidis

Neisseria meningitidis is a pervasive bacterial coloniser of the human nasopharynx with up to 40% carriage in the population. Paradoxically, invasive disease occurs in only ~1 in 100,000 individuals. Sophisticated immune evasion mechanisms allow the bacterium to persist in the host, yet these adaptations may also enable its transition from a harmless commensal to an invasive pathogen. Dendritic cells (DC) are principal controllers of mucosal immunity, and bacteria can exploit their maturation process to evade the immune system. In this study, it is reported for the first time that live serogroup B meningococcus (NmB) impedes DC maturation by disrupting STAT1 through dephosphorylation of tyrosine 701 (Y701). DC were therefore refractory to interferon stimulation—which is essential for DC function—and had low levels of maturation markers and other STAT1 dependent genes. Interestingly, infected DC retained the activity of other major signalling pathways, including the MAP kinases, which induced PD L1hi DC that were CD4+ T-cell suppressive. Disruption of STAT1 also had the major effect of dampening SOCS1 and CISH expression, which are critical for homeostatic control of DC inflammatory cytokine production, and correlated with enhanced inflammatory cytokine production. Restoration of STAT1-Y701 phosphorylation reprogrammed DC towards a typical CD86hi maturation state, normalised cytokine profiles and T-cell responses. These data establish an unconventional inflammatory pathway for the meningococcus, but also link immune evasion and pathogenesis via a shared mechanism. These findings elucidate how NmB may undermine immunity within the normal mucosa but also inflict damage in the context of septicaemia due to uncontrolled inflammation.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN INDUCTION RATE OF EMBRYONIC CALLUS AND ENDOGENOUS HORMONES CONTENT IN MAIZE

Immature embryos of 9 maize inbred lines with different induction rate of embryonic callus were used as explants and calli were induced and cultured on improved N_6 medium.The methods of enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay were employed to detect endogenous contents of abscisic acid(ABA),indoleacetic acid(IAA),gibberellins(GA_3,GA_4) and cytokinins(DHZR,IPA,ZR) of immature embryos,embryonic and non-embryonic calli during culture process.Positive correlation was found between induction rate of embryonic calli and content of ABA and IAA in immature embryos,between induction rate of embryonic calli and ABA content in embryonic and non-embryonic.Negative correlation was found between induction rate of embryonic calli and GA_3 content of embryonic calli.A peak value of ABA and IAA content and a low value of GA_3 content in explant were detected at the beginning of embryonic calli generation.It was thought that proper high level of ABA and IAA content and low content of GA_3 were benefit to induction of embryonic calli from immature embryos.It was found,however,that ABA content of embryonic calli was lower than non-embryonic calli,and induction rate of embryonic calli was correlated negatively with IAA content of embryonic calli.By this token,induction and subculture of embryonic calli should be related with cooperative effects among different hormones.
EMERGING TRENDS IN LUNG CANCER DETECTION SCHEME- A REVIEW

IJRAR1903327 International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR) www.ijrar. org 530 EMERGING TRENDS IN LUNG CANCER DETECTION SCHEMEA REVIEW K.VIJILA RANI , Dr.JOSEPH JAWHAR S #2 Research Scholar, Principal /Professor Information & Communication Engineering Anna University, Chennai Tamil Nadu, India. ABSTRACT–Recent technology in Medical imaging techniques has made the physicians to see the interior portions/parts of the human body for easy diagnosis of a particular disease. Lung cancer is proving to be a catastrophic threat to the human beings and it is main cause of deaths in both men and women among other cancer related casualties. Examination of lung cancer is done by using the various medical imaging techniques such as X-rays, Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Positron Emission Tomography etc. Among the above techniques, Computed tomography is widely used technique because it has been identified as an accurate and robust imaging technique in the diagnosis of the lung cancer. A good amount of research work has been carried out in the past towards CAD system for lung cancer detection. This paper presents a detailed literature survey on various image processing techniques that have been used in pre-processing, nodule segmentation and classification. Now-a-days nanotechnology displays huge advantages for cancer diagnosis . Finally, we can conclude by focusing one of the best method and simple unsupervised nano technique that may have high level accuracy.
A Method for Reducing Secondary Field Effects in Asymmetric MRI Gradient Coil Design

field effects created by eddy current coupling. The method is able to deal with asymmetric coils and provides a new way to ensure a reduction in the magnitude of the eddy current induced fields. New constraints are introduced at the surface of passive objects to bind the normal field component below a given value. This value is determined by first treating the passive surface as an active surface and then calculating the ideal stream function on that surface to produce the desired secondary field. Two coils were designed, one to image the knee and the other to image the head and neck. The power loss in the passive structure also decreased to below 1% of the original value using the new method. The method shows the ability to constrain the field to values below the minimum seen under the traditional approaches. This will allow the design of asymmetric systems with highly linear, reduced magnitude of secondary fields and may lead to better image quality.
Pex3 confines pexophagy receptor activity of Atg36 to peroxisomes by regulating Hrr25-mediated phosphorylation and proteasomal degradation

In macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy), cytoplasmic molecules and organelles are randomly or selectively sequestered within double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes or vacuoles for degradation. In selective autophagy, the specificity of degradation targets is determined by autophagy receptors. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, autophagy receptors interact with specific targets and Atg11, resulting in the recruitment of a protein complex that initiates autophagosome formation. Previous studies have revealed that autophagy receptors are regulated by posttranslational modifications. In selective autophagy of peroxisomes (pexophagy), the receptor Atg36 localizes to peroxisomes by binding to the peroxisomal membrane protein Pex3. We previously reported that Atg36 is phosphorylated by Hrr25 (casein kinase 1δ), increasing the Atg36–Atg11 interaction and thereby stimulating pexophagy initiation. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying Atg36 phosphorylation are unknown. Here, we show that Atg36 phosphorylation is abolished in cells lacking Pex3 or expressing a Pex3 mutant defective in the interaction with Atg36, suggesting that the interaction with Pex3 is essential for the Hrr25-mediated phosphorylation of Atg36. Using recombinant proteins, we further demonstrated that Pex3 directly promotes Atg36 phosphorylation by Hrr25. A co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that the interaction of Atg36 with Hrr25 depends on Pex3. These results suggest that Pex3 increases the Atg36–Hrr25 interaction and thereby stimulates Atg36 phosphorylation on the peroxisomal membrane. In addition, we found that Pex3 binding protects Atg36 from proteasomal degradation. Thus, Pex3 confines Atg36 activity to the peroxisome by enhancing its phosphorylation and stability on this organelle.
Cognitive and Memory Functions in Plant Immunity

From the time of Thucydides in the 5th century BC, it has been known that specific recognition of pathogens and memory formation are critical components of immune functions. In contrast to the immune system of jawed vertebrates, such as humans and mice, plants lack a circulatory system with mobile immune cells and a repertoire of clonally distributed antigen receptors with almost unlimited specificities. However, without these systems and mechanisms, plants can live and survive in the same hostile environment faced by other organisms. In fact, they achieve specific pathogen recognition and elimination, with limited self-reactivity, and generate immunological memory, sometimes with transgenerational characteristics. Thus, the plant immune system satisfies minimal conditions for constituting an immune system, namely, the recognition of signals in the milieu, integration of that information, subsequent efficient reaction based on the integrated information, and memorization of the experience. In the previous report, this set of elements was proposed as an example of minimal cognitive functions. In this essay, I will first review current understanding of plant immunity and then discuss the unique features of cognitive activities, including recognition of signals from external as well as internal environments, autoimmunity, and memory formation. In doing so, I hope to reach a deeper understanding of the significance of immunity omnipresent in the realm of living organisms.
Studies on Antifugal Mechanism of Buguzhi Extract for Valsa mali

This experiment investigated the influnce of Buguzhi extract on the dry weight of mycelium by liquid culture method,Meanwhile explored the effect of psoralen extracts on the chitinase activity and β-1,3 glucanase activity of Valsa mali.When the concentrations of psoralen extract were 0,5,10,20,40,80 mg·L-1,The inhibition rate on the dry weight of Valsa mali mycelium of pathogens were 39.8%,62.3%,79.4%,90.6%,98.3%. When the concentration of psoralen extract was 50 mg·L-1,1,3,6,12 hours after treatment,Valsa mali's in vivo chitinase activity were 1.32,3.62,3.34,2.47 times to control,and β-1,3 glucanase activities were 4.78,9.98,5.83,3.53 times to control.This experiment showed that the Buguzhi extract significantly inhibited on Valsa mali.
The Impact of Water Intrusion on Pathogenic Vibrio Species to Inland Brackish Waters of China

The estuary is the ecological niche of pathogenic Vibrio spp. as it provides abundant organic and inorganic nutrients from seawater and rivers. However, little is known about the ecology of these Vibrio species in the inland brackish water area. In this study, their co-occurrence and relationships to key environmental constraints (salinity and temperature) in the Hun-Tai River of China were examined using the most probable number polymerase chain reaction (MPN-PCR) approach. We hereby report 2-year continuous surveillance based on six water indices of the Hun-Tai River. The results showed that seawater intrusion maximally reached inland as far as 26.5 km for the Hun-Tai River. Pathogenic Vibrio spp. were detected in 21.9% of the water samples. In particular, V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus were isolated in 10 (10.4%), 20 (20.8.5%), and 2 (2.08%) samples, respectively. All V. parahaemolyticus strains were tdh gene negative, 10% were positive for the trh gene. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) divided V. parahaemolyticus strains into 12 sequence types (STs) for the Hun-Tai River. Five STs were respectively present in various locations along the Hun-Tai River. The PCR assay for detecting six virulence genes and Vibrio seventh pandemic island I and II revealed three genotypes in 12 V. cholerae isolates. The results of our study showed that seawater intrusion and salinity have profound effects on the distribution of pathogenic Vibrio spp. in the inland river, suggesting a potential health risk associated with the waters of the Hun-Tai River used for irrigation and drinking.
Knowledge, beliefs, and practices related to cancer screening and prevention in Lebanon: community and social media users' perspectives.

OBJECTIVE Common to many countries in the Middle East, Lebanon has an increasing cancer burden; however, national screening programs are limited to breast cancer. The literature on cancer screening practices and beliefs is scarce. This cross-sectional study investigates the knowledge, beliefs, and practices related to the prevention and screening for breast, cervical, colon, lung, and skin cancers among Lebanese residents, recruited through social media advertisements and community outreach activities. METHODS Participants filled an anonymous questionnaire either via a web-based interface or using tablets distributed at primary health clinics. The characteristics of the two cohorts were compared with chi-square and t-tests. We performed descriptive analysis, followed by multivariate logistic regression for predictors of cancer screening. RESULTS A total of 407 participants completed the survey online, and 262 filled the study in tablets available at primary care clinics. The two samples were significantly different in terms of age, education, and perceived socioeconomic status. Online participants demonstrated higher knowledge and higher participation in screening practices than their counterparts recruited through community outreach. Mammography (44.7% online and 39.9% in-person), and cervical cancer screening (44.5% online and 36.7% community) had the highest participation rates. In both samples, participants who were older and more educated were more likely to report engagement with cancer screening practices. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed significant knowledge gaps in cancer prevention and screening. Different sampling techniques accessed diverse populations, highlighting the need for educational messages and targeted screening programs to be inclusive of socio-economically disadvantaged communities with low education and health literacy.
A Capacitively-Fed Inverted-F Antenna for Displacement Detection in Structural Health Monitoring

This paper presents a capacitive displacement sensor based on a capacitively fed inverted-F antenna (CFIFA) for displacement detection. The sensor is composed of a grounded L-shape patch and a rectangular upper patch, forming a capacitor between them. The asymmetric dipole model is adopted to explain the frequency shift and current distribution of the proposed antenna sensor at its first-order resonance. The numerical simulation of the CFIFA using the Ansoft high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software is carried out to optimize the dimensional parameters, allowing the antenna to perform better. Two sets of CFIFAs are fabricated and tested for verification. Results show that the CFIFA has a good linear relationship between its first resonant frequency and the relative displacement, and is capable of a long range of displacement measuring.
SpineParseNet: Spine Parsing for Volumetric MR Image by a Two-Stage Segmentation Framework With Semantic Image Representation

Spine parsing (i.e., multi-class segmentation of vertebrae and intervertebral discs (IVDs)) for volumetric magnetic resonance (MR) image plays a significant role in various spinal disease diagnoses and treatments of spine disorders, yet is still a challenge due to the inter-class similarity and intra-class variation of spine images. Existing fully convolutional network based methods failed to explicitly exploit the dependencies between different spinal structures. In this article, we propose a novel two-stage framework named SpineParseNet to achieve automated spine parsing for volumetric MR images. The SpineParseNet consists of a 3D graph convolutional segmentation network (GCSN) for 3D coarse segmentation and a 2D residual U-Net (ResUNet) for 2D segmentation refinement. In 3D GCSN, region pooling is employed to project the image representation to graph representation, in which each node representation denotes a specific spinal structure. The adjacency matrix of the graph is designed according to the connection of spinal structures. The graph representation is evolved by graph convolutions. Subsequently, the proposed region unpooling module re-projects the evolved graph representation to a semantic image representation, which facilitates the 3D GCSN to generate reliable coarse segmentation. Finally, the 2D ResUNet refines the segmentation. Experiments on T2-weighted volumetric MR images of 215 subjects show that SpineParseNet achieves impressive performance with mean Dice similarity coefficients of 87.32 ± 4.75%, 87.78 ± 4.64%, and 87.49 ± 3.81% for the segmentations of 10 vertebrae, 9 IVDs, and all 19 spinal structures respectively. The proposed method has great potential in clinical spinal disease diagnoses and treatments.