Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatially Resolved Transcriptomic Analysis of Acute Kidney Injury in a Female Murine Model

Significance Statement AKI is characterized by a sudden loss of kidney function often followed by the restoration of function through repair. Single-cell RNA sequencing efforts have aided in the identification of cell types and states important in injury, repair, and failed repair. These transcriptomic atlases lack spatial information, complicating interpretation of relevant cellular interactions. Therefore, we generated a spatial time course of female ischemic injury, defining temporal and location-specific gene expression patterns of injury markers. Gene expression and cell type interactions were resolved across time points using computational tools Giotto and SPOTlight. These results have been packaged into an interactive data visualization tool for gene target discovery and validation throughout the kidney and AKI research communities. Visual Abstract Background Single-cell sequencing technologies have advanced our understanding of kidney biology and disease, but the loss of spatial information in these datasets hinders our interpretation of intercellular communication networks and regional gene expression patterns. New spatial transcriptomic sequencing platforms make it possible to measure the topography of gene expression at genome depth. Methods We optimized and validated a female bilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury model. Using the 10× Genomics Visium Spatial Gene Expression solution, we generated spatial maps of gene expression across the injury and repair time course, and applied two open-source computational tools, Giotto and SPOTlight, to increase resolution and measure cell-cell interaction dynamics. Results An ischemia time of 34 minutes in a female murine model resulted in comparable injury to 22 minutes for males. We report a total of 16,856 unique genes mapped across our injury and repair time course. Giotto, a computational toolbox for spatial data analysis, enabled increased resolution mapping of genes and cell types. Using a seeded nonnegative matrix regression (SPOTlight) to deconvolute the dynamic landscape of cell-cell interactions, we found that injured proximal tubule cells were characterized by increasing macrophage and lymphocyte interactions even 6 weeks after injury, potentially reflecting the AKI to CKD transition. Conclusions In this transcriptomic atlas, we defined region-specific and injury-induced loss of differentiation markers and their re-expression during repair, as well as region-specific injury and repair transcriptional responses. Lastly, we created an interactive data visualization application for the scientific community to explore these results (http://humphreyslab.com/SingleCell/).
The Effect of Capsule-in-Capsule Combinations on In Vivo Disintegration in Human Volunteers: A Combined Imaging and Salivary Tracer Study

Controlling the time point and site of the release of active ingredients within the gastrointestinal tract after administration of oral delivery systems is still a challenge. In this study, the effect of the combination of small capsules (size 3) and large capsules (size 00) on the disintegration site and time was investigated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in combination with a salivary tracer technique. As capsule shells, Vcaps® HPMC capsules, Vcaps® Plus HPMC capsules, gelatin and DRcaps® designed release capsules were used. The three HPMC-based capsules (Vcaps®, Vcaps® Plus and DRcaps® capsules) were tested as single capsules; furthermore, seven DUOCAP® capsule-in-capsule combinations were tested in a 10-way crossover open-label study in six healthy volunteers. The capsules contained iron oxide and hibiscus tea powder as tracers for visualization in MRI, and two different caffeine species (natural caffeine and 13C3) to follow caffeine release and absorption as measured by salivary levels. Results showed that the timing and location of disintegration in the gastrointestinal tract can be measured and differed when using different combinations of capsule shells. Increased variability among the six subjects was observed in most of the capsule combinations. The lowest variability in gastrointestinal localization of disintegration was observed for the DUOCAP® capsule-in-capsule configuration using a DRcaps® designed release capsule within a DRcaps® designed release outer capsule. In this combination, the inner DRcaps® designed release capsule always opened reliably after reaching the ileum. Thus, this combination enables targeted delivery to the distal small intestine. Among the single capsules tested, Vcaps® Plus HPMC capsules showed the fastest and most consistent disintegration.
A method for determining the generators' share in a consumer load

In the paper, a new method for determining the generators' contribution to a particular load is presented, The method uses the nodal generation distribution factors (NGDF-s). It features a search algorithm, capable of handling the active and reactive powers. The method has been tested on the IEEE 118 and on the Slovenian 275 bus systems. The results demonstrate that electrical energy flows from a producer to a customer based on physical rather than on economical rules. By means of the new method, it can be shown that in general, the customer does not obtain the full power from the selected power plant according to the contract but also from other power plants. The method of the NGDF-s can be used for transmission service pricing, for congestion management and for reactive power management.
Rapid Product Development in the USA, Europe and Japan

Reviews, for the USA, Europe and Japan, the current state of development and application of rapid prototyping techniques and their impact on time‐to‐market for new products. These techniques, which are still undergoing rapid development, have already had a dramatic effect on reducing the time‐to‐market for new products by between 60 per cent and per cent and on reducing the cost‐to‐market by between 40 per cent and 70 per cent. Concludes that although the US is ahead of the rest of the world in terms of depth of experience and range of techniques, Europe and Japan are catching up fast in terms of experience and applications. Gives guidelines for the managers of manufacturing companies on the importance of the techniques, the selection of the most appropriate system and how to obtain most of the techniques adopted.
Can India’s Higher Education Improve Through Better Management of Human Resources: A Comparative Study of India and the United States

This study investigates human resource management (HRM) practices in higher education institutions (HEIs) based on a comparative analysis of India and the US. Although higher education in India has grown over the decades, its quality, in general, has not kept up with global standards. On the other hand, many US universities have performed consistently well in international university rankings. Based on qualitative research collected from principal stakeholders of HEIs in India and the US, HRM practices and policies followed by them are presented and discussed. Data collection for the research study was through web interviews during the period August–October 2020. The study reveals that Indian public HEIs do not have professional HRM teams. Also, they are in a formative stage in autonomous and private institutions. On the other hand, many HEIs in the US have developed mature HRM systems. This difference resonates in attributes such as structure of HRM, recruitment and selection processes, training and development programmes, performance management, career progression and talent retention.
Elastic bands to enhance vehicle following

The vehicle-following principle comes to its limitations when obstacles interfere with the path between the ego-vehicle and the leader vehicle. This work introduces a planning and decision component to generalize vehicle following to situations dealing with non-automated interfering vehicles in mixed traffic. We focus on lateral control for collision avoidance. Previously, this autonomous driving capability was purely based on the vehicle-following principle. To extend this capability to dynamic driving situations, a dynamic path planning component is introduced. Several driving situations are identified that necessitate responses to more than the leader vehicle. We borrow an idea from robotics to solve the problem: treat the path of the leader vehicle as an elastic band that is subjected to repelling forces of obstacles in the surroundings. This elastic band framework offers the necessary features to cover dynamic driving situations. Simulation results show the effectiveness of this approach. Real-world results obtained with our demonstrator validate the simulation results.
Separation of Sound Sources in the Same Direction via Spectral Estimation with a Virtual Focus

This study aims to separate four sound sources in the same direction using a small array with four microphones. The outputs of these microphones were shifted to create a virtual focus. When these outputs are considered as a two-dimensional (2D) image, the sound from a focus point generates vertical stripes, and its 2D spectrum is concentrated on the spatial direct current bin. Based on this property, the spectra of the four sounds were estimated by solving a set of equations. Computer simulation experiments demonstrated that the four sounds were separated successfully with a signal-to-distortion ratio exceeding 20 dB.
25Gbit/s fully CMOS-compatible silicon modulator based on interleaved PN junctions

We present a kind of depletion-mode silicon modulators based on cascade interleaved PN junctions, which simultaneously provide high modulation efficiency and large modulation bandwidth. The interfaces of the PN junctions are vertical to the waveguide's propagation direction and tolerant with ± 150nm junction misalignment on the cost of little degradation on the modulation efficiency. The device was fabricated with standard 0. 18μm CMOS process, and provides a VπLπ < 1V • cm and an intrinsic bandwidth 39GHz. Over 10GHz electro-optical modulation bandwidth of the device was experimentally obtained. High speed non-return-zero modulation with a bit rate up to 25Gbit/s was finally demonstrated.
Molecular Genetics of Pre-B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Sister Cell Lines during Disease Progression

For many years, immortalized tumor cell lines have been used as reliable tools to understand the function of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Today, we know that tumors can comprise subclones with common and with subclone-specific genetic alterations. We sequenced DNA and RNA of sequential sister cell lines obtained from patients with pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia at different phases of the disease. All five pairs of cell lines carry alterations that are typical for this disease: loss of tumor suppressors (CDKN2A, CDKN2B), expression of fusion genes (ETV6-RUNX1, BCR-ABL1, MEF2D-BCL9) or of genes targeted by point mutations (KRAS A146T, NRAS G12C, PAX5 R38H). MEF2D-BCL9 and PAX R38H mutations in cell lines have hitherto been undescribed, suggesting that YCUB-4 (MEF2D-BCL9), PC-53 (PAX R38H) and their sister cell lines will be useful models to elucidate the function of these genes. All aberrations mentioned above occur in both sister cell lines, demonstrating that the sisters derive from a common ancestor. However, we also found mutations that are specific for one sister cell line only, pointing to individual subclones of the primary tumor as originating cells. Our data show that sequential sister cell lines can be used to study the clonal development of tumors and to elucidate the function of common and clone-specific mutations.
Are Multiple Chemosensory Systems Accountable for COVID-19 Outcome?

Chemosensory systems (olfaction, taste, trigeminus nerve, solitary chemoreceptor cells, neuroendocrine pulmonary cells, and carotid body, etc.) detect molecules outside or inside our body and may share common molecular markers. In addition to the impairment of taste and olfaction, the detection of the internal chemical environment may also be incapacitated by COVID-19. If this is the case, different consequences can be expected. (1) In some patients, hypoxia does not trigger distressing dyspnea (“silent” hypoxia): Long-term follow-up may determine whether silent hypoxia is related to malfunctioning of carotid body chemoreceptors. Moreover, taste/olfaction and oxygen chemoreceptors may be hit simultaneously: Testing olfaction, taste, and oxygen chemoreceptor functions in the early stages of COVID-19 allows one to unravel their connections and trace the recovery path. (2) Solitary chemosensory cells are also involved in the regulation of the innate mucosal immune response: If these cells are affected in some COVID-19 patients, the mucosal innate immune response would be dysregulated, opening one up to massive infection, thus explaining why COVID-19 has lethal consequences in some patients. Similar to taste and olfaction, oxygen chemosensory function can be easily tested with a non-invasive procedure in humans, while functional tests for solitary chemosensory or pulmonary neuroendocrine cells are not available, and autoptic investigation is required to ascertain their involvement.
Design of Fast Charging Station with Energy Management for eBuses

The popularity of the eBus has been increasing rapidly in recent years due to its low greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and its low dependence on fossil fuels. This incremental use of the eBus increases the burden to the power grid for its charging. Charging eBus requires a high amount of power for a feasible amount of time. Therefore, developing a fast-charging station (FCS) integrated with Micro Energy Grid (MEG) and hybrid energy storage is crucial for charging eBuses. This paper presents a design of FCS for eBus that integrates MEG with hybrid energy storage with the energy management system. To reduce the dependency on the main utility grid, a hybrid micro energy grid based on a renewable source (i.e., PV) have been included. In addition, hybrid energy storage of batteries and flywheels has also been developed to mitigate the power demand of the fast-charging station during peak time. Furthermore, a multiple-input DC-DC converter has been developed for managing the DC power transfer between the common DC bus and the multiple energy sources. Finally, an energy management system and the controller has been designed to achieve an extensive performance from the fast charging station. MATLAB Simulink has been used for the simulation work of the overall design. Different test case scenarios are tested for evaluating the performance parameters of the proposed FCS and also for evaluating its performance.
Droplet Characterization in the Wake of Steam Turbine Cascades

In low-pressure steam turbines, water droplet formation on the surfaces of stationary stator blades can lead to erosion on downstream turbine blades and other equipment. One property that affects the size of the droplets that are formed is the adhesive forces between the water and the surface of the stator blade. The adhesive forces hold the droplets to the surface where they may combine, forming increasingly larger droplets. Eventually, the aerodynamic forces will tear the droplets off the surface, carrying them downstream. To study the effect of stator surface properties on the droplet size distribution, four cascades of stator blades were tested with a low-speed, cold-flow steam turbine simulator. A non-intrusive optical system was used to detect and measure the droplets. Of the four cascades tested, the baseline cascade that showed obvious surface roughness had the largest average droplet size. The cascade that had been sandblasted smooth formed smaller average droplets than the baseline cascade but larger average droplets than the cascade that was coated with a proprietary, glass-like coating. This coating was designed to minimize the surface tension between the surface and the water droplet. The fourth cascade was coated in a superhydrophobic granular coating. This coating appeared to work so well to reduce the droplet size that no droplets could be detected by the imaging system. This untested cascade could not be considered in the quantitative analysis.
SnO2 Quantum Dots Distributed along V2O5 Nanobelts for Utilization as a High-Capacity Storage Hybrid Material in Li-Ion Batteries

In this study, the facile synthesis of SnO2 quantum dot (QD)-garnished V2O5 nanobelts exhibiting significantly enhanced reversible capacity and outstanding cyclic stability for Li+ storage was achieved. Electrochemical impedance analysis revealed strong charge transfer kinetics related to that of V2O5 nanobelts. The SnO2 QD-garnished V2O5 nanobelts exhibited the highest discharge capacity of ca. 760 mAhg−1 at a density of 441 mAg−1 between the voltage ranges of 0.0 to 3.0 V, while the pristine V2O5 nanobelts samples recorded a discharge capacity of ca. 403 mAhg−1. The high capacity of QD-garnished nanobelts was achieved as an outcome of their huge surface area of 50.49 m2g−1 and improved electronic conductivity. Therefore, the as-presented SnO2 QD-garnished V2O5 nanobelts synthesis strategy could produce an ideal material for application in high-performance Li-ion batteries.
Walking the Line with Ticagrelor: Meta-Analysis Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Ticagrelor Monotherapy after a Short Course of Ticagrelor-Based Dual Antiplatelet Therapy versus Standard Therapy in Complex Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

(1) Shorter-duration dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) followed by single antiplatelet therapy has been shown to significantly reduce bleeding events while preserving anti-ischemic effects in patients undergoing conventional percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Whether this strategy is also safe and effective in complex PCI remains elusive; (2) A systematic search of randomized controlled trials comparing a short course of ticagrelor-based DAPT versus standard DAPT in patients undergoing complex PCI was performed; (3) Of 10,689 studies screened, 3 were identified for a total of 4176 participants on ticagrelor monotherapy after a short course of ticagrelor-based DAPT, and 4209 on standard DAPT. The pooled analysis revealed no difference in the outcomes of major bleeding, myocardial infarction, definite or probable stent thrombosis and ischemic stroke. A significant reduction in the risk of cardiovascular death (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.52; 95% CI 0.28–0.96; p = 0.04), all-cause death (IRR 0.65; 95% CI 0.49–0.86; p = 0.003), and any bleeding events (IRR 0.62; 95% CI 0.47–0.81; p < 0.001) was seen in the shorter DAPT group; (4) Among patients undergoing complex PCI, ticagrelor monotherapy after a short course of ticagrelor-based DAPT significantly reduced bleeding risk without increasing ischemic risk. More data are needed to definitively explain mortality benefits.
Machine Learning-Based Strength Prediction for Refractory High-Entropy Alloys of the Al-Cr-Nb-Ti-V-Zr System

The aim of this work was to provide a guidance to the prediction and design of high-entropy alloys with good performance. New promising compositions of refractory high-entropy alloys with the desired phase composition and mechanical properties (yield strength) have been predicted using a combination of machine learning, phenomenological rules and CALPHAD modeling. The yield strength prediction in a wide range of temperatures (20–800 °C) was made using a surrogate model based on a support-vector machine algorithm. The yield strength at 20 °C and 600 °C was predicted quite precisely (the average prediction error was 11% and 13.5%, respectively) with a decrease in the precision to slightly higher than 20% at 800 °C. An Al13Cr12Nb20Ti20V35 alloy with an excellent combination of ductility and yield strength at 20 °C (16.6% and 1295 MPa, respectively) and at 800 °C (more 50% and 898 MPa, respectively) was produced based on the prediction.
Fleckscore system of exterior evaluation as a more accurate indirect predictor of longevity in Slovak Simmental dairy cows

The goal of the work was to discover the influence of conformation traits evaluated by the Fleckscore system on the length of productive life of Slovak Simmental dairy cows. Evaluation of body conformation traits according to the Fleckscore system was performed on 3 452 cows. The relationship of individual traits to longevity was analysed using the Weibull proportional hazard model. The results confirmed that smaller and longer cows, which were well muscular and with a deeper body, had a lower risk of early culling than cows in the reference group. Hock angularity, pastern and hoof height scored with low or high marks were associated with an early culling of cows. In terms of the length of productive life, a slightly more elastic pattern is required. Cows with a deeper udder and a stronger and tighter fore udder attachment, which were also average in notching and height central ligament and centrally placed teats, reached a longer productive life.
Quantitative Health Risk Assessment of Wastewater Treatment Plant Worker Exposed to Staphylococcus Aureus Bioaerosol During Warm and Cold Periods: Disease Burden and Sensitivity Analysis

Biological treatment in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) releases high amounts of bioaerosols carrying a variety of pathogens. Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) is a framework prevalently intended for the quantitative estimation of health risks for occupational exposure scenarios (e.g. in WWTPs). However, the quantitative contributions of health-risk-estimate inputted variable parameters remain ambiguous. Therefore, this research aimed to study the disease burden of workers exposed to Staphylococcus aureus bioaerosol during warm and cold periods and to strictly quantify the contributions of the inputted parameters of disease burden by sensitivity analysis based on Monte Carlo simulation. The results showed that the disease health risk burden in the warm period was higher than in the cold period, disease health risk burden in the rotating-disc aeration mode was regularly higher than in the microporous aeration mode. The disease health risk burden of the workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) almost all satisfied the WHO benchmark (≤10E-6 DALYs pppy), and was consistently lower by one or two orders of magnitude than the workers without PPE in both warm and cold periods. Referring to the sensitivity analysis, exposure concentration and aerosol ingestion rate were the most and second predominant factor for the estimated risk in all exposure scenarios, respectively. The sensitivity of the removal fraction by employing PPE ranked third in the contribution to disease health risk burden. In addition, no remarkable differences were revealed in the sensitivity percentage ratio between warm and cold periods. This research can deepen the understanding of the QMRA framework and promote the development of sensitivity analysis, especially under various meteorological conditions (warm and cold periods).