Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
KDM2B‐associated paunch calf syndrome in Marchigiana cattle

Abstract Background Chianina, Romagnola, and Marchigiana are the 3 most important Italian breeds of cattle raised in the Apennine Mountains. Inherited disorders have been reported in the Chianina and Romagnola breeds but not in the Marchigiana breed. Recently, a case resembling recessively inherited KDM2B‐associated paunch calf syndrome (PCS) in Romagnola cattle was identified in Marchigiana cattle. Hypothesis/Objectives To characterize the features of the observed congenital anomaly, evaluate its possible genetic etiology, and determine the prevalence of the deleterious allele in the Marchigiana population. Animals A single stillborn Marchigiana calf was referred for clinicopathological examination because of the presence of PCS‐like morphological lesions. Methods The animal was necropsied and the calf and its parents were genotyped. A PCR‐based direct gene test was applied to determine the KDM2B genotype and 114 Marchigiana bulls were genotyped. Results The pathological phenotype included facial deformities, enlarged fluid‐filled abdomen, and hepatic fibrosis. The affected animal was the offspring of consanguineous mating and homozygous presence of the KDM2B missense variant was confirmed. Both parents were heterozygous for KDM2B and the prevalence of carriers in a selected population of Marchigiana bulls was <2%. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The characteristic malformations and genetic findings were consistent with the diagnosis of PCS and provide evidence that the deleterious KDM2B variant initially detected in Romagnola cattle also occurs in the Marchigiana breed.
Enzymatic Biofuel Cells for Self-Powered, Controlled Drug Release.

Self-powered drug delivery systems based on conductive polymers (CPs) that eliminate the need for external power sources, are of significant interest for use in clinical applications. Osmium redox polymer mediated glucose/O2 enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) were prepared with an addi-tional CP-drug layer on the cathode. On discharging the EBFCs in the presence of glucose and dioxygen, model drug compounds incorporated in the CP layer were rapidly released with negligible amounts released when the EBFCs were held at open circuit. Controlled and ex situ release of three model compounds, ibuprofen (IBU), fluorescein (FLU) and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), was achieved with this self-powered drug release system. DAPI released in situ in cell culture media was incorporated into retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. This work demonstrates a proof-of-concept responsive drug release system that may be used in implantable devices.
Nursing Students' Mindsets and Choice of Learning Strategies.

BACKGROUND Nursing students may not use the most effective learning strategies. Offering students an academic success model such as Dweck's mindset model may improve student learning. The influence of nursing students' mindsets on study strategies has not been explored. PURPOSE This study examined nursing students' mindset proclivity and choice of learning strategies. METHODS This descriptive, cross-sectional quantitative pilot study used a web-based survey to examine a national sample of 151 nursing students' mindsets and learning habits. RESULTS Students with a growth mindset demonstrated the use of more effective learning strategies than their fixed mindset peers. CONCLUSIONS Nurse educators need to assess student learning because half of the students in this study had never had anyone teach them how to learn effectively. Early evidence is emerging that the growth mindset model may hold promise as an academic success model for nursing education.
Comparative sensitivity of larval mosquitoes to vegetable polyphenols versus conventional insecticides

The larvicidal effects of polyphenols of natural crude decomposed alder leaf litter and commercially available tannic acid were experimentally compared with those of two common conventional insecticides (Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis: microbial insecticide; temephos: organophosphate insecticide). Comparative standard bioassays using third instar larval Aedes aegypti, A. albopictus, Culex pipiens and Coquillettidia richiardii as references indicated that Aedes and Culex taxa are far more sensitive to alder leaf litter than to tannic acid and conventional insecticides. C. richiardii is far more resistant to conventional insecticides than Aedes and Culex taxa, but its sensitivity to tannic acid is close to that of those taxa. Dietary vegetable polyphenols are thus proposed as new, practical, alternative chemicals for mosquito control when conventional insecticides are difficult and costly to be used (e.g., in the management of Aedes and Culex populations in man‐made breeding sites and Coquillettidia control strategy).
Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese 2010: Energy

S26 Background Information Daily energy expenditure (total energy expenditure) consists of basal metabolic rate (BMR), physical activity energy expenditure, and thermic effect of food (dietinduced thermogenesis). In children and infants, the need for additional energy for growth also requires determination of not only the energy necessary for meeting daily needs but also the energy necessary for increased tissue for growth (energy deposition) and the energy necessary for tissue formation. Of the two forms of energy required for growth, only energy for tissue formation is currently included in determination of total energy expenditure for children and infants. Therefore, to determine energy requirement, energy deposition needs to be added to total energy expenditure. Determining the energy requirement for pregnant women requires determination of the energy expenditure of the fetus and the energy necessary for the growth of fetal tissues. Determining the energy requirement for lactating women requires determination of the energy required to produce breast milk and consideration of weight loss corresponding to breast milk production. Therefore, increased or decreased energy requirements corresponding to an increase or decrease in tissue growth must be considered in addition to total energy expenditure, as reflected in the formula used to calculate energy requirements: Energy requirement 5 total energy expenditure1energy for the increased or decreased tissue. For adults undergoing no body weight change, no Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese 2010: Energy
Effect of Glyphosate on Growth, Chlorophyll, and Nodulation in Glyphosate-Resistant and Susceptible Soybean (Glycine max) Varieties

ABSTRACT Greenhouse and growth chamber experiments were conducted to examine glyphosate [isopropylamine salt of N-(phosphono-methyl) glycine] effects on growth, chlorophyll content, nodulation, and nodule leghemoglobin content of glyphosate-resistant and susceptible soybean (Glycine max[L.] Merr.) varieties. In susceptible soybean, a single application of 0.28 kg/ha reduced chlorophyll content (49%), and shoot and root dry weight (50 and 57%, respectively) at 2 wk after treatment. In glyphosate-resistant soybean, there were no significant effects on these parameters by single application up to 1.12 kg/ha, but 2.24 kg/ha reduced shoot and root dry weight by 25 to 30%. Application of glyphosate 1.12 kg/ha, followed by sequential applications at 0.56 or 1.12 kg/ha, did not affect plant growth and chlorophyll content, but application of 2.24 kg/ha followed by sequential application of 2.24 kg/ha reduced root growth. In glyphosate-resistant soybean, an application of 1.12 kg/ha 3 wk after planting did not affect nodule number or mass, but 2.24 kg/ha reduced these parameters by 30 and 39%, respectively, compared to untreated. Leghemoglobin content of nodules was reduced (6 to 18%) by both glyphosate rates, but effects were inconsistent with rate. At post-treatment temperatures of 18/13_C (day/night), glyphosate at 1.12 kg/ha or 2.24 kg/ha did not affect chlorophyll and growth of glyphosate-resistant soybean. However, at 25/20 and 32/27_C (day/night), glyphosate at 2.24 kg/ha reduced both chlorophyll content and growth of glyphosate-resistant soybean. Overall, treatment of gly-phosate-resistant soybean with glyphosate at 1.12 had little or no effect on chlorophyll content and dry weight of shoots and roots in five of five trials. But treatment of glyphosate at 2.24 kg/ha reduced these parameters in three of five trials, suggesting potential for soybean injury at higher rates. Results showed subtle reductions of nodulation in glypho-sate-resistant soybean using label rates of glyphosate, but these effects may be of minimal consequence due to the potential of soybean to compensate after short durations of stress.
Facilitating IPM : The role of participatory workshops

Successful, long-term implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) requires the integration of key technical and management activities and the participation of a wide range of stakeholders including farmers, researchers, extension officers, crop consultants, government agencies, and industry. A key issue that needs urgent attention is how to achieve the high quality interaction between these different groups which is necessary for sustained IPM. Problem specification and planning workshops (PSPWs) provide one means of facilitating an integrated strategy for tackling complex pest management issues. Since 1992, the Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical Pest Management has facilitated over 20 PSPWs, focusing on different farming systems in Australia. This paper describes the philosophy, the process involved, and the impact that these PSPWs have had. It examines three specific cases to describe the relationship between plans and results and ways of improving impact. The results reinforce the major role that social scientists can play in providing mechanisms for collaborating with technical researchers and other partners to facilitate effective, participatory ventures in IPM.
Adaptation to heterogeneous environments. III.* The inheritance of response to spacing in flax and linseed (Linum usitatissimum)

Random F+3 families from two crosses of varieties of Linum usitatissimum were grown at two spacings and the following determined: (a) the characteristics of the families at each spacing; (b) the response of these characteristics to spacing, measured as the value at wide spacing divided by the value at close spacing. There were significant differences between the families for the characters at each spacing and for their responses. The heritability values for response, calculated from between-family variances, were significant and relatively high for all characters measured. There was no clear effect of spacing on genetic correlation between the characters, but low genetic correlations between the same character in the two spacings showed that high heritabilities in two spacings may be achieved by independent gene action. Genetic correlations between response characters were character and cross-dependent: there was no evidence of general stability of the genotypes. A separate experiment showed that there was no evidence for the induction of heritable changes by the application of different spacing treatments in the previous generation. _________________ *Part II, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 27: 519 (1976).
Metabolic alterations caused by the mutation and overexpression of the Tmem135 gene

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo fission and fusion. While they are essential for cellular metabolism, the effect of dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics on cellular metabolism is not fully understood. We previously found that transmembrane protein 135 (Tmem135) plays a role in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics in mice. Mice homozygous for a Tmem135 mutation (Tmem135FUN025/FUN025) display accelerated aging and age-related disease pathologies in the retina including the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). We also generated a transgenic mouse line globally overexpressing the Tmem135 gene (Tmem135 TG). In several tissues and cells that we studied such as the retina, heart, and fibroblast cells, we observed that the Tmem135 mutation causes elongated mitochondria, while overexpression of Tmem135 results in fragmented mitochondria. To investigate how abnormal mitochondrial dynamics affect metabolic signatures of tissues and cells, we identified metabolic changes in primary RPE cell cultures as well as heart, cerebellum, and hippocampus isolated from Tmem135FUN025/FUN025 mice (fusion > fission) and Tmem135 TG mice (fusion < fission) using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Metabolomics analysis revealed a tissue-dependent response to Tmem135 alterations, whereby significant metabolic changes were observed in the heart of both Tmem135 mutant and TG mice as compared to wild-type, while negligible effects were observed in the cerebellum and hippocampus. We also observed changes in Tmem135FUN025/FUN025 and Tmem135 TG RPE cells associated with osmosis and glucose and phospholipid metabolism. We observed depletion of NAD+ in both Tmem135FUN025/FUN025 and Tmem135 TG RPE cells, indicating that imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics to both directions lowers the cellular NAD+ level. Metabolic changes identified in this study might be associated with imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics in heart tissue and RPE cells which can likely lead to functional abnormalities. Impact statement Mitochondria are dynamic organelles undergoing fission and fusion. Proper regulation of this process is important for healthy aging process, as aberrant mitochondrial dynamics are associated with several age-related diseases/pathologies. However, it is not well understood how imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics may lead to those diseases and pathologies. Here, we aimed to determine metabolic alterations in tissues and cells from mouse models with over-fused (fusion > fission) and over-fragmented (fusion < fission) mitochondria that display age-related disease pathologies. Our results indicated tissue-dependent sensitivity to these mitochondrial changes, and metabolic pathways likely affected by aberrant mitochondrial dynamics. This study provides new insights into how dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics could lead to functional abnormalities of tissues and cells.
Single-Cell Transcriptomics Analysis Identifies Nuclear Protein 1 as a Regulator of Docetaxel Resistance in Prostate Cancer Cells

The majority of patients with prostate cancer treated with docetaxel develop resistance to it. To better understand the mechanism behind the acquisition of resistance, we conducted single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of docetaxel-sensitive and -resistant variants of DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines. Overall, sensitive and resistant cells clustered separately. Differential gene expression analysis between resistant and sensitive cells revealed 182 differentially expressed genes common to both prostate cancer cell lines. A subset of these genes gave a gene expression profile in the resistant transcriptome-like–sensitive cells similar to the resistant cells. Exploration for functional gene pathways identified 218 common pathways between the two cell lines. Protein ubiquitination was the most differentially regulated pathway and was enriched in the resistant cells. Transcriptional regulator analysis identified 321 potential regulators across both cell lines. One of the top regulators identified was nuclear protein 1 (NUPR1). In contrast to the single-cell analysis, bulk analysis of the cells did not reveal NUPR1 as a promising candidate. Knockdown and overexpression of NUPR1 in the prostate cancer cells demonstrated that NUPR1 confers docetaxel resistance in both cell lines. Collectively, these data demonstrate the utility of scRNA-seq to identify regulators of drug resistance. Furthermore, NUPR1 was identified as a mediator of prostate cancer drug resistance, which provides the rationale to explore NUPR1 and its target genes for reversal of docetaxel resistance. Implications: Using single-cell sequencing of prostate cancer, we show that NUPR1 plays a role in docetaxel resistance.
Daily School Physical Activity Improves Academic Performance

Physical activity (PA) may improve brain development, cognition, concentration and academic performance. In this prospective controlled intervention study, we increased the level of PA in 338 children aged 6–8 years at study start, from the Swedish standard of 60 min per week to 200 min per week (40 min daily). The intervention continued in all nine compulsory school years until the students graduated between 2007–2012. All other 689,881 Swedish children who graduated the same years were included as a control group. We registered at graduation eligibility rate for upper secondary school and the final grade score (from 0 to 320 grade points). We also registered the same end points in the 295 students in the index school and in all other 471,926 Swedish students who graduated in 2003–2006, that is, those who graduated before the intervention study started. Before the intervention, academic performance was similar among children in the index school as for all other Swedish boys and girls. With the intervention, the eligibility rate increased for boys in the index school by 7.3 percentage points and the mean grade scores by 13.3 points. This should be compared with a decrease of 0.8 percentage points in eligibility rate and an increase by 2.7 points in grade score in other Swedish boys. No changes were seen for intervention girls, neither in eligibility rates or grade scores. By introducing daily school-based PA in compulsory school, more boys would probably reach the eligibility rate for higher education.
Further Evidence of Benefits to Mood and Working Memory from Lipidated Curcumin in Healthy Older People: A 12-Week, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Partial Replication Study

Curcumin (a flavonoid isolated from turmeric) affects several processes involved in neurocognitive aging. We have previously reported that short term (4-weeks) administration of a highly bioavailable curcumin preparation (Longvida©) improved working memory and reduced fatigue and stress reactivity in a healthy older cohort. The present trial (ACTRN12616000484448) was a partial replication study, evaluating similar effects at 4 and 12-weeks Longvida© supplementation. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-groups trial was conducted. Eighty participants aged 50–80 years (mean = 68.1, SD = 6.34) were randomised to receive Longvida© (400 mg daily containing 80 mg curcumin) or a matching placebo. Assessment took place at baseline then following 4 and 12 weeks treatment. Outcome measures included cognitive performance, mood and biomarkers. Compared with placebo, curcumin was associated with several significant effects. These included better working memory performance at 12-weeks (Serial Threes, Serial Sevens and performance on a virtual Morris Water Maze), and lower fatigue scores on the Profile of Mood States (POMS) at both 4 and 12-weeks, and of tension, anger, confusion and total mood disturbance at 4-weeks only. The curcumin group had significantly elevated blood glucose. These results confirm that Longvida© improves aspects of mood and working memory in a healthy older cohort. The pattern of results is consistent with improvements in hippocampal function and may hold promise for alleviating cognitive decline in some populations.
Production of monospecific antiserum against the blood disease bacterium affecting banana and plantain.

Proteins from the blood disease bacterium (BDB) affecting banana and plantain and proteins from other bacterial species were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, blotted onto nitrocellulose membrane, and probed with polyclonal antibodies directed against BDB. A 33.5-kDa protein band was characteristic for all virulent strains of BDB examined. Monospecific antibodies obtained against this protein by affinity purification were specific for BDB. A second polyclonal antibody was raised against the gel-purified 33-kDa protein in a rabbit. The serum was termed monospecific antiserum (MSA) and was used in subsequent experiments. The MSA reacted specifically with all virulent strains of BDB in agglutination tests and colony blot tests but not or only weakly with Pseudomonas solanacearum, P. syzygii, and other bacterial species. The specificity of the MSA was confirmed in studies with banana plant extracts. BDB could be detected in all infected plants 3-33 days after inoculation, whereas plants inoculated with P. solanacearum race 2 did not react with the MSA on immunocolony blots
Habitat use by a primate community in a lowland dipterocarp forest in Danum Valley, Borneo

Knowledge of niche partitioning with respect to habitat is indispensable to understand the mechanism of coexistence of multiple species. Among primates, however, data are still deficient because repeated survey for a sufficiently long time, covering seasonal changes over a large area, is the only way to clarify habitat segregation within a seasonally fluctuating environment. Southeast Asia is particularly interesting because of the supra‐annual, highly unpredictable seasonality in fruiting known as mast fruiting. We conducted repeated route census, habitat monitoring, and group tracking for 25 months in two study sites (ca. 10 km apart) in the largely primary lowland dipterocarp forest of the Danum Valley Conservation Area, eastern Sabah, northern Borneo, Malaysia. The five species of diurnal primates (Bornean orangutan Pongo pygmaeus, Müeller's gibbon Hylobates muelleri, red leaf monkey Presbytis rubicunda, long‐tailed macaque Macaca fascicularis, and southern pig‐tailed macaque M. nemestrina) did not show horizontal spatial segregation. Red leaf monkeys showed preferences for places with short tree height, but their distribution was not confined to such places. In response to the fruiting peak observed once during the study period, orangutans increased their numbers simultaneously in the two study sites. The average tree height used by the five species was different, but their range overlapped substantially. Compared with other primate communities, the lack of horizontal spatial segregation and the suggested long‐distance movement of orangutans seem to be unique characteristics in Borneo, although the use of different forest strata is a widespread phenomenon among primate communities throughout the world.
Importance of interaction frequency in analysis of ant-plant networks in tropical environments

Abstract: Several studies have shown that qualitative (binary) ant-plant networks are highly nested in tropical environments, in which specialist species (with fewer interactions) are connected with generalists (with the most interactions) in cohesive subgroups. Interactions occur in both qualitative and quantitative networks, however, how their frequency may structure the nestedness in ecological networks involving these organisms is, we believe, unknown. Based on this perspective, we used nestedness analysis to address the effect of interaction frequency on ant-plant networks (n = 14 networks). Unlike binary networks, quantitative networks are often significantly non-nested. In addition, species with a higher interaction frequency have a higher number of links, indicating that these species are possibly more abundant and/or competitive. Moreover, different biological parameters can change the nature of ant-plant interactions, as a plant can be a good resource for one ant and a ‘bad’ resource for another. Thus, this suggests a new perspective for the study of interaction networks in the tropics, since species with lower interaction frequency are not necessarily subsets of species with higher frequency, and consequently generate the non-nested pattern in quantitative networks.