Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Keyword Based Search of Big Data Using Map Reduce

With the arrival of the data deluge, traditional and centralized tools used to extract knowledge from data become obsolete due to their limited ability to handle massive data. To cope with the need for scalable solutions, a new framework has emerged: Hadoop, an open-source ecosystem designed for storage and large-scale processing work on a cluster of commodity hardware. In order to overcome the limitations in key word based information retrieval systems, an efficient methodology has been designed. A system with the new approach mimics the real world, where every task is laced with certain indexing as this is basic idea behind knowledge processing. Hadoop and R: open source frame works for storing and processing large datasets, are used for preprocessing the text documents. First, a set of text documents are considered. Preprocessing is performed on a large domain of data using R. This includes the removal of the stop words along with stemming and excluding less frequency words. Despite this preprocessing, owing to the colossal number of index terms still floating in the considered domain data, the problem of high dimensionality is encountered. Therefore the dimensionality of such a group of terms is reduced by incorporating a keyword based methodology in Hadoop MapReduce Framework. The developed Model is useful for processing the query which gives us the relevant information with low response time from the data pool
Effects of replacing marine fishmeal with graded levels of Tra Catfish by-product protein hydrolysate on the performance and meat quality of pigs

A feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of replacing fish meal (FM) with Tra Catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) by-product protein hydrolysate (TPH) on performance and carcass quality in pigs. Forty crossbred castrated (Yorkshire x Landrace) male pigs with an initial average bodyweight of 22.8 ± 1.5 kg were allocated to 40 individual pens in a randomized complete block design with eight replications. The pigs were fed a control diet (TPH0) with FM as sole protein supplement. In the experimental diets, 100% (TPH100), 75% (TPH75), 50% (TPH50) and 25% (TPH25) of the crude protein (CP) from FM was replaced by the CP from TPH. The results showed no significant differences in average daily feed intake (ADFI) in all treatments during the growing and finishing phases. However, daily weight gain (ADG) was higher in TPH75 (655 g/day) and TPH100 (663 g/day) than in TPH0 (639 g/day). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved with higher inclusion of TPH in the diets. Carcass yield and dressing percentage were not affected by treatments, but abdominal fat and backfat thickness were higher and in the loin-eye area lower in TPH100 compared with TPH0. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), ether extract (EE) contents and meat colour values a* (redness) in the longissimus dorsi muscle increased with TPH replacement level. Feed costs were 10% lower in TPH100 compared with TPH0. In conclusion, replacing FM with TPH improved the performance, but resulted in an increase in backfat thickness and fat content of meat. However, because of reduced feed costs, complete replacement of FM would still be profitable for pig producers in Vietnam.
Response of leaf functional traits of Cerasus yedoensis (Mats.) Yü li to serious insect attack

The morphological features of plants, such as leaf functional traits, are adaptations that enable them to live under different environmental conditions. Thus, leaf functional traits can provide a link between various environmental factors and leaf functions. This study aims to gain insights into the differences in leaf functional traits between healthy (no insect attack) and damaged (serious insect attack) Cerasus yedoensis Yü li. Petiole diameter, leaf length, leaf thickness, ratio of leaf length to petiole length, leaf shape index, and single leaf wet and dry weight of damaged leaves were significantly higher than those of healthy leaves, but lower for leaf moisture and specific leaf area (SLA). Plasticity indices of petiole diameter, petiole length, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf shape index of healthy leaves were higher than those of damaged leaes, but contrary for the plasticity indices of the ratio of leaf length to petiole length, leaf moisture, and SLA of healthy leaves. SLA was positively correlated with leaf moisture but negatively correlated with petiole diameter, leaf length, leaf thickness, ratio of leaf legth to petiole length, leaf shape index, and single leaf wet and dry weight. After serious insect attack, damaged C. yedoensis contained increased quantities of material investment per unit area to exhibit a more efficient anti-herbivore defense; thus, leaf moisture and SLA were decreased, but leaf thickness, and single leaf wet and dry weight were increased. Meanwhile, damaged leaves also were more slender and invested more biomass to the lamina than to the petiole.
Nutrient uptake and biomass accumulation for eleven different field crops

Oil hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), false flax (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz), caraway (Carum carvi L.), dyer’s woad (Isatis tinctoria L.), nettle (Urtica dioica L.), reed canary grass (RCG) (Phalaris arundinacea L.), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were grown under uniform conditions in pots containing well fertilised loam soil. Dry matter (DM) accumulation was measured repeatedly, and contents of minerals N, P, K, Ca and Mg at maturity. Annual crops accumulated above-ground biomass faster than perennials, while perennials had higher DM accumulation rates below ground. Seeds had high concentrations of N and P, while green biomass had high concentrations of K and Ca. Stems and roots had low concentrations of minerals. Concentrations of K and P were high in quinoa and caraway, and that of P in buckwheat. Hemp and nettle had high Ca concentrations, and quinoa had high Mg concentration. N and P were efficiently harvested with seed, Ca and K with the whole biomass. Perennials could prevent soil erosion and add carbon to the soil in the long term, while annuals compete better with weeds and prevent erosion during early growth. Nutrient balances in a field could be modified and nutrient leaching reduced by careful selection of the crop and management practices.
A Holistic Model for the Proactive Reduction of Non-conformities within New Industrial Technologies

Non-Conformity Management is a critical activity for each organization striving to achieve the required performance standards and obtain customers’ satisfaction, particularly when new technologies are introduced. This activity is usually based on Root Cause Analysis, which is able to solve each relevant nonconformity and is even more important while introducing new technologies and products. A significant limitation in the use of RCA approach relates to the resolution path, usually being very specific for each nonconformity. This paper describes a holistic model capable of managing and proactively reducing nonconformities. This approach allows the identification and resolution of entire sets of nonconformities which, if considered as separate, would appear of little interest; yet, if properly abstracted from the specific problems and regrouped in appropriate holistic clusters, the approach may highlight new critical NCs families to focus on that would not have been detected otherwise, thus allowing further business improvement potential. 
A global compilation of dissolved iron measurements: focus on distributions and processes in the Southern Ocean

Abstract. Due to its importance as a limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth in large regions of the world's oceans, ocean water column observations of concentration of the trace-metal iron (Fe) have increased markedly over recent decades. Here we compile >13 000 global measurements of dissolved Fe (dFe) and make this available to the community. We then conduct a synthesis study focussed on the Southern Ocean, where dFe plays a fundamental role in governing the carbon cycle, using four regions, six basins and five depth intervals as a framework. Our analysis highlights depth-dependent trends in the properties of dFe between different regions and basins. In general, surface dFe is highest in the Atlantic basin and the Antarctic region. While attributing drivers to these patterns is uncertain, inter-basin patterns in surface dFe might be linked to differing degrees of dFe inputs, while variability in biological consumption between regions covaries with the associated surface dFe differences. Opposite to the surface, dFe concentrations at depth are typically higher in the Indian basin and the Subantarctic region. The inter-region trends can be reconciled with similar ligand variability (although only from one cruise), and the inter-basin difference might be explained by differences in hydrothermal inputs suggested by modelling studies (Tagliabue et al., 2010) that await observational confirmation. We find that even in regions where many dFe measurements exist, the processes governing the seasonal evolution of dFe remain enigmatic, suggesting that, aside from broad Subantarctic – Antarctic trends, biological consumption might not be the major driver of dFe variability. This highlights the apparent importance of other processes such as exogenous inputs, physical transport/mixing or dFe recycling processes. Nevertheless, missing measurements during key seasonal transitions make it difficult to better quantify and understand surface water replenishment processes and the seasonal Fe cycle. Finally, we detail the degree of seasonal coverage by region, basin and depth. By synthesising prior measurements, we suggest a role for different processes and highlight key gaps in understanding, which we hope can help structure future research efforts in the Southern Ocean.
Ergonomics development needs in truck body design – from video analyses to solution proposals

Truck drivers need improvements on their work environment in ergonomics and safety issues. In this study, participative video analyses were performed to identify areas of discomfort and the risks drivers face when working outside the cab. Analyses resulted in identification of 262 discomfort and risk factors of which roughly half occurred in trucks and trailers. Due to the findings, a web questionnaire was used to investigate what kind of participative product design aspects truck body and trailer manufacturing companies apply currently. Accordingly, the need for participation is recognised but these companies lack such systematic procedures and methods. This study also introduces a procedure to utilise the identified risks and discomforts for developing the design and development requirements. The procedure has led to new solutions that are currently utilised in different interest groups’ processes. The procedure supports participation by all stakeholders and may be used in product design processes in environments where a mutual understanding is crucial for eliminating the recognised safety problems in practice.
Stable isotope analysis indicates trophic differences among forest floor carabids in Japan

Differences in trophic niches among carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) co‐occurring on the forest floors of warm temperate forests in central Japan were studied using carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope analyses. Different carabid species showed similar δ15N values, which were higher than those of their possible invertebrate prey (herbivores and detritivores) collected from the litter layer, indicating that these species were consumers in the same trophic level. In contrast, δ13C values differed among carabid species, indicating interspecific differences in prey animals. The variation in the δ13C value was larger in summer than in autumn. In summer, δ13C values indicated that some carabids depended highly on either grazing (low δ13C values) or detrital sources (high δ13C values) within the food chain [Chlaenius posticalis Motschulsky and Haplochlaenius costiger (Chaudoir), respectively], although other species with intermediate δ13C values likely depended on both. The latter group of species comprised mostly two dominant genera (Carabus and Synuchus). Although congeners might have similar feeding habits, the stable isotope ratios indicated trophic niche differences between adults of different species and between adults and larvae of the same genus.
Study of the Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment on Physical, Structural, Thermal, and Behavioral Properties of Zinc Chloride

Zinc chloride is an important pharmaceutical/nutraceutical mineral for the prevention and treatment of several diseases. The objective of the current study was to investigate the impact of The Trivedi Effect®-Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment (Biofield Energy Treatment) on physical, structural, thermal, and behavioral properties of zinc chloride using PXRD, PSD, FT-IR, UV-vis, and DSC analysis. Zinc chloride was divided into two parts – one part was control, while another part was treated with The Trivedi Effect® remotely by seven renowned Biofield Energy Healers and defined as The Trivedi Effect® treated sample. A significant alteration of the crystallite size and relative intensities of the PXRD peaks were observed in The Trivedi Effect® treated sample with respect to the control sample. A sharp peak at 2θ equal to 51.45°, which was observed in the control sample was disappeared in the treated sample. The average crystallite size of the treated sample was decreased by 2.13% compared with the control sample. The size of the particles at d10, d50, and d90 was decreased by 3.36%, 7.97%, and 11.51%, respectively in the treated sample compared with the control sample. The surface area of the treated sample was significantly increased by 5.69% compared with the control sample. The FT-IR spectroscopic analysis revealed that Zn-Cl stretching in the control was 646 cm-1, whereas it was significantly shifted downward to 505 cm-1 in the treated sample. The UV-vis analysis exhibited that wavelength of the maximum absorbance (λmax) of both the control and treated samples was at 196.4 nm. The DSC analysis exhibited that the melting and decomposition temperature were increased by 0.93% and 0.56%, respectively in the treated zinc chloride compared to the control sample. The enthalpy of fusion of the treated sample (338.27 J/g) was increased significantly by 33.84% compared with the control sample (252.75 J/g). The enthalpy of decomposition of the treated sample was increased by 3.78% compared with the control sample. The current study anticipated that The Trivedi Effect®-Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment might lead to produce a new polymorphic form of zinc chloride, which would be more soluble, bioavailable, and thermally stable compared with the untreated compound. The treated sample could be more stable during manufacturing, delivery or storage conditions than the untreated sample. Hence, the treated zinc chloride would be very useful to design better nutraceutical/pharmaceutical formulations that might offer better therapeutic response against inflammatory diseases, immunological disorders, aging, stress, cancer, etc.
INFLUENCE OF THE RANGE OF MOTION ON JUMPING HEIGHT IN CHILDHOOD

The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether during childhood, the parameters for the range of motion had more influence on jump height than parameters for application of force. Using force platform, an analysis was made of the counter movement jumps performed by 36 girls aged between 5 to 8 years old. Linear regression was used to analyze the data. The parameters for the range of motion accounted for 66% of the variance in maximum height jump, while application of force accounted for 12%. These results could indicate that the children can enhance their vertical jumping performance by increasing the range of motion rather than improving the ground reaction forces or their application.
Breakfast, Food Consumption Pattern and Nutritional Status of Students in Public Secondary Schools in Kwara State, Nigeria

Breakfast as the first meal of the day is one of the most skipped meals by adolescent students. Several research studies indicated that unhealthy food consumption and breakfast skipping contribute to low glyceamic level, poor cognition and academic performance as well as increasing prevalence of poor nutritional status among children (5-19) years. This study determined prevalence of breakfast and food consumption pattern and nutritional status of students in public secondary schools. This study’s design was cross-sectional and multistage random sampling was used to select 515 participants, (343 girls and 172 boys) from 8 public secondary schools in study area. Selfreported 24 h recall dietary questionnaire was used to collect data on breakfast and food consumption of participants. Digital bathroom scale and stadiometer were used to collect data on weight and height of participants. Data were cleaned, coded and analyzed using (SPSS Version 20) and WHO anthroplus software. Results indicated that 54.0% of participants were (15/6-18/5) years/months, 77% consumed breakfast daily and 52% added (1-2) teaspoons of sugar daily to beverages. Furthermore, participants mostly consumed refined carbohydrates such as doughnut and biscuits (2.36±0.99 times per week), while mostly consumed fat and oil such as vegetable oil in soup (2.54±0.96 times per week), mostly consumed snacks such as fish pies and fish rolls (2.71±0.87 times per week), while mostly consumed protein such as eggs (2.15±0.69 times per week) and mostly consumed fruit such as pawpaw (2.56±0.89 times per week). Overall Nutritional status indicated that underweight was 29.1%, overweight was 4.7%, obesity was 0.2 and 66.0% were of normal weight. Furthermore, Nutritional status for both boys and girls indicated that underweight was (47.7 and 19.8%), overweight was (0.6 and 6.7%), obese was (0 and 0.3%) and normal weight was (51.7 and 73.2%), respectively. Relationship between food consumption and nutritional status of participants was positive but not significant (r = 0.012, p = 0.785). Analysis of variance showed positive significant relationship (p = 0.001) between food consumption and nutritional status. Despite that majority of participants consumed breakfast, the participants low frequency of food consumption is still of concern and this may influence their nutritional status negatively. Parents and other stakeholders should encourage breakfast consumption by participants as well as the consumption of nutritious food in order to meet their daily dietary allowance.
A plant defensin gene from Orychophragmus violaceus can improve Brassica napus’ resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

A plant defensin gene, named as Ovd, was cloned from Orychophragmus violaceus (L.) O. E. Schulz and subsequently introduced into Brassica napus genome by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method in sense and antisense forms under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter. Genomic PCR analysis confirmed the integration of the sense and antisense Ovd into the host genome. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that the expression of Ovd in the sense plant line was stronger than non-transformed plant and antisense plant. The lesion size on detached leaves of the transgenic plants and nontransformed control caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mycelia was examined. Lesion size was reduced in sense transgenic plants compared to nontransformed control (15 20% reduction area), while it was enlarged in antisense transgenic plants compared to nontransformed control (14 20% enlargement). The results showed that the over-expressing transgenic B. napus had higher resistance to S. sclerotiorum.
A new technique using the aero-infiltrometer to characterise the natural soils based on the measurements of infiltration rate and soil moisture content

Abstract. Infiltration rate ( f ) and soil moisture content (θ) are the important factors for water resources management. Accurate measurements of these factors are not so readily available in most farmlands since present measuring equipments are not really suitable. This paper proposes the measuring device that uses a simple method to measure the rate of water infiltration into the ground and to determine the percentage of water contained in the soil. The two empirical equations which formulated on the basis of power regression models of plotting f vs. air pressure dropping rate ( P ) and θ vs. P are proposed to evaluate the dynamic properties of soil-water and soil–air interface from a three-phase system. All the parameters in equations have physical meanings, and experimental data validation shows that the equations are sufficiently accurate. Aero-infiltrometer was used to measure both the variations of f and θ at three natural soil sites to contribute to operational water management issues and soil texture identification. In the future, new research opportunities on basic knowledge of air diffusion into the ground will contribute to more versatile techniques in measurement of water infiltration.
Measurement Approach to Teaching Fractions: A Design Experiment in a Pre-service Course for Elementary Teachers

In this paper, we present a design experiment in a "Teaching Mathematics"course for prospective elementary teachers where we sought to develop a measurement approach to fractions. We focus on the conceptualization of the mathematical content of the approach. We attribute our progress in the conceptualization to our efforts to overcome the challenges we had to face in bringing our students - prospective teachers - to thinking about fractions in a theoretical way. We describe some of these challenges in the paper. The approach was inspired by an approach under the same name, but addressed to children, developed by the psychologist V.V. Davydov and described in the paper by Davydov and Tsvetkovich (1991). Davydov's measurement approach proposes that, in order to develop a concept of fraction with sources in reality, children's attention should be directed to multiplicative relationships between quantities defined in terms of concrete units (such as kilos, inches or cups) rather than to indeterminate objects such as pizzas or cakes. Our original contribution is a systemic study of these relationships and operations on them, as a theoretical system, using definitions derived from measurement situations, mathematical reasoning based on these definitions and generalizations of observed patterns. It is intended to support a gradual process of abstraction of the notion of fraction as an abstract number that represents a measure of the relationship between two quantities. Furthermore, our proposal for conceptualizing fractions in this way is addressed to teachers, not to children. By its focus on relational reasoning about quantities and gradual construction of a theoretical system, the approach both requires and is expected to foster the development of quantitative reasoning and theoretical thinking.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of 1D and 2D Hmm in the Pattern Recognition

Abstract Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is a well established technique for image recognition and has also been successfully applied in other domains such as speech recognition, signature verification and gesture recognition. HMM is widely used mechanism for pattern recognition based on 1D data. For images one dimension is not satisfactory, because the conversion of one-dimensional data into a twodimensional lose some information. This paper presents a solution to the problem of 2D data by developing the 2D HMM structure and the necessary algorithms.