Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On-line Compensation Method for Magnetic Position Sensor using Recursive Least Square Method

This paper presents the error correction method of magnetic position sensor using recursive least square method (RLSM) with forgetting factor. Magnetic position sensor is proposed for linear position detection of the linear motor which has tooth shape stator, consists of permanent magnet, iron core and linear hall sensor, and generates sine and cosine waveforms according to the movement of the mover of the linear motor. From the output of magnetic position sensor, the position of the linear motor can be detected using arc-tan function. But the variation of the air gap between magnetic position sensor and the stator and the error in manufacturing process can cause the variation in offset, phase and amplitude of the generated waveforms when the linear motor moves. These variations in sine and cosine waveforms are changed according to the current linear motor position, and it is very difficult to compensate the errors using constant value. In this paper, the generated sine and cosine waveforms from the magnetic position sensor are compensated on-line using the RLSM with forgetting factor. And the speed observer is introduced to reduce the effect of uncompensated harmonic component. The approaches are verified by some simulations and experiments.
Highway Deceleration Marking Based on Driving Simulation

According to the present safety situation and existing problems of the highway in our country, this article designs and improves the form and parameters of four types of deceleration markings based on the driver's physiology and the relevant provisions. Besides, it establishes the scene model by virtual reality simulation technology and analyzes reduction effect, security implications, the recognition influence and illusion characteristics of all the deceleration markings through the combination of simulated driving experiment and the questionnaire survey. According to the results, this article assesses the effect of the deceleration marking and determines its scope and practical value.
Improved Indoor Ultrasonic Positioning for Smartphones Using TDOA

With the development of Internet and sensor network, relevant application have a more high desire for the positioning accuracy. Meanwhile, modern smartphones are a great platform for Location Based Services (LBS). While outdoor LBS for smartphones has proven to be very successful, indoor LBS for smartphones has not yet fully developed due to the lack of an accurate positioning technology. We present an accurate indoor positioning approach for commercial off-the-shelf (COTS ) smartphones that uses the innate ability of mobile phones to produce ultrasound, combined with Time-Difference-of-Arrival (TDOA) asynchronous trilateration. Ultrasonic signal transmission will cause ranging error, which may affect the precision of positioning. In order to solve this problem, this paper uses least squares straight line fitting method to compensate error and fix distance, then, uses weighted least squares methods to improve the positioning accuracy of the system.
A Robust Navigation Technique for Integration in the Guidance and Control of an Uninhabited Surface Vehicle

This paper proposes the novel use of a weighted Interval Kalman Filter (wIKF) in a robust navigational approach for integration with the guidance and control systems of an uninhabited surface vehicle named Springer. The waypoint tracking capability of this technique is compared with that of one that uses a conventional Kalman Filter (KF) navigational design, when the model of the sensing equipment used by the filter is incorrect. In this case, the KF fails to predict correctly the vehicle’s heading, which consequently impacts negatively on the performance of its integrated navigation, guidance and control (NGC). However, the use of a wIKF technique that is immune to this kind of erroneous modelling endows the integrated NGC system with better accuracy and efficiency in completing a mission.
The Conservation of Earthen Architectural Heritage in Seismic Areas

The acceleration of climate change and the increasing frequency of natural disasters mean that there is an urgent need to adapt conservation strategies for architectural heritage to the world’s new demands and situations. This is particularly relevant for the most vulnerable constructions, such as earthen structures. Because of the dramatic effect that earthquakes can have on architecture, and especially on historical monuments, they have been studied for the past 50 years. Earthquakes divide the world in two very distinct geographic areas: seismic and non-seismic. The seismic vulnerability of earthen architectural heritage, such as earthen structures and mud mortar masonry, evidences in by how weak they are when compared to structures built using other construction materials (10 to 15 times weaker). Humanity’s past experience in the conservation of architectural heritage allows us to be aware of the need to improve and eventually perfect the existing conservation charters, which were discussed and signed in Europe in the last century. These charters do not make a distinction between heritage conservation in seismic and non-seismic areas. It is imperative to address this particular issue, as seismic forces can be too strong for earthen constructions to resist, which can lead to their irreparable collapse. Inspired by the Venice Charter and China´s principles as well as by more modern documents, such as the Burra, Mexico, Zimbabwe, Lausana Charters, researchers have tried to establish adequate and resistant conservation guidelines, based on achieving the best structural performance using a minimum permanent and reversible reinforcement. Although this involves causing some impact on the architectural heritage, it also means that human lives and buildings can be protected. The paper will provide real examples to illustrate these cases and will attempt to outline the conservation principles required to protect vulnerable structures, such as those earthen constructions or mud mortar brick or stone masonry built in seismic areas.
Micro-electrochemical machining using multiple tool electrodes

This paper describes a micro-electrochemical machining technique that uses an electrode array to achieve a high throughput in machining. As the machining area becomes larger, the actual rising time of the double layer potential increases because of a decrease in cell impedance. It is difficult to obtain an effective machining potential because of the ultra short pulse duration. To increase the machinable area, individual pulse generators using a serial MOSFET circuit were used. Using this new circuit, a stainless steel workpiece with a thickness of 50 µm was machined by multiple electrodes each with a 77 µm diameter consisting of 30 single shafts. With this equipment it was possible to drill 120 holes in 40 min, resulting in a 30× improvement in throughput compared to single electrodes.
Development and validation of an FE model for motorcycle–car crash test simulations

In the development process of new solutions for rider protection, finite element (FE) simulations of motorcycle to car crashes represent a way to reduce costs and time. This paper focuses on the development and validation of an FE virtual environment for complete crash test scenarios and its use to evaluate the head and neck injuries. Models are validated through comparison of numerical and experimental data and, aiming at performing quantitative analyses, a new approach (named injury rating) for injury evaluation is proposed. The virtual environment is applied, as test case, to the simulation of eight crash scenarios selected from the ISO 13232 standard. The results are presented and discussed to demonstrate the potentialities of the approach in designing new rider protective devices.
Arch Dam Deformation Prediction Model Based on PSO-SVM

Arch dam has gradually evolved as one of dam type as main large-scale hydraulic project, dam deformation prediction is an important part of dam safety monitoring, and it is difficult to forecast because of the complicated nonlinear characteristics of the monitoring data. Support Vector Machine (SVM) could solve the small sample, nonlinear high dimension problem due to the excellent generalization ability, and hence it has been widely used in the forecast of arch dam deformation. However, the forecast results considerably depend on the choice of SVM model parameters. In this paper, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), which has the characteristic of fast global optimization, was applied to optimize the parameters in SVM, and then the dam deformation prediction model based on PSO-SVM could be established. The model is applied to a certain arch dam foundation prediction. The accuracy of this employed approach was examined by comparing it with multiple regression method. In a word, the experimental results indicate that the proposed method based on PSO-SVM can be used in arch dam deformation prediction.
The Regulation of Cellular Adhesion Geometry on Apoptosis of Mesenchymal Stem Cell

The mechanical stimulation from extracellular matrix could regulate physiological behavior of cells through the mechanism of mechanotransduction. Previous researches had shown that apoptosis could be regulated by the size of the cell adhesion area.However, the regulation of cell apoptosis by different adhesion shape with the same area is still unclear. This workfocused on the regulation of apoptosis for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by different circularity and area of adhesion geometry. We manufactured micro-pattern surface which was suitable for adhesion of MSCs by the technique of micro-contact printing. Three typesof geometry for individual is land of micro-pattern were designed. We adopted terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transfer as emediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) method to detectcell apoptosis. This research shows that the adhesion geometry which has smaller area and greater circularity will promote apoptosis of MSCs. This indicates that MSCsmay prefer to live on the surface without any restrict. Ourstudies focused on the significantly important problem about interaction between extracellular matrix and physiological behavior of mesenchymal stem cells.
Method for widening the reject-band in low-pass/band-pass filters by employing coupled C-shaped defected ground structure

Two new compact defected ground structure low-pass filters with broad stop-band and low insertion loss in the pass band are presented. The structures of these new microstrip low-pass filters are simple as they are composed of a pair of DGS-slots and an openstub. One filter is realised through the multi-layer method, and the second filter by cascading. With these configurations, two LPF with compact size, wide reject band and sharp transition from pass to stop-band are realised. The design formulas are derived by using an equivalent circuit model of coupled DGS resonators. Demonstration filters are designed, fabricated and tested. The experimental results show good agreement with theoretical results and demonstrate that the required characteristics of LPF could be simply obtained through the proposed methods. Finally a simple gap-method will be used in order to transform the LPF to BPF.
Assessing Mediators in the Relationship between Commute Time and Subjective Well-Being

This study aimed to identify and assess empirically the various pathways through which commute time may influence subjective well-being. On the basis of a literature review, possible pathways and their underlying mechanisms were identified. A structural equation model was specified to assess the relative strengths of these pathways. Commuting mode (car and bicycle) was taken into account as a moderating variable. Data used to estimate the models were drawn from the Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences Panel, a representative sample of Dutch individuals. The results of the analysis indicated that, insofar as commute time had an effect on subjective well-being (only for bicycle commuters could a significant effect be established), this effect was likely mediated by a person's satisfaction with his or her social contacts. No effects between commute time and perceived health, body mass index (BMI), and job satisfaction were found, even though such effects have been reported in previous studies. In addition, commuting mode (car or bicycle) itself had no effect on any of the endogenous variables (except for BMI). In contrast to the findings of previous research, the results indicated that, at least for the Dutch population, commuting patterns (mode and commute time) mattered little in how people subjectively evaluated various aspects of their lives. From a practical point of view, the results of the analysis do not warrant policy intervention. In addition, insofar as policy intervention is desirable, extreme commute behavior should be addressed as a social problem and not a health problem.
Some Characteristics of Peak Flow in the Richelieu River, Quebec

This paper presents a statistics analysis of 1938-2012 data of daily discharge and water level collected from a gauging station on the Richelieu River in Southern Quebec, Canada. Using the most recent data, this paper aims to update flood characteristics from previous decades old analyses. Such update is important to the flood-prone region. The present analysis covers peak flow magnitude, duration, timing and, more importantly, their changes. The main findings are: There are no significant changes over time in average magnitude of floods, but there are increasing fluctuations between low and high peak discharges. The distribution of annual peak discharges shows a signifcaint shift of skewness from left to right; if this condition persists, future floods are expected to have a larger magnitude than historic flood events. The timing of peak discharges has not shown any significant trend of changes. A new flow rating curve has been obtained for discharge estimates.
Assessing service quality in schools of business

Business schools are under mounting pressure to decrease the cost of delivering education while improving programmes and services for students. Total quality management (TQM) provides a way to improve quality while reducing costs. However, since TQM involves fact‐based continuous improvement, data must be collected to allow for measurement of current levels of student and faculty satisfaction. Uses SERVQUAL, an instrument for measuring service quality, to assess both the quality and importance of each of the dimensions: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy, at two universities in the north‐east region of the USA. Also tests for agreement between the views of faculty (providers) and students (consumers). Finally, demonstrates how SERVQUAL may be used as a tool for benchmarking performance in order to improve service quality.
The Effects of Workpiece Deflection and Motor Features on Quality of Machining Process — Nonlinear Vibrations Analysis

The present research aims at the establishment of a novel methodology to analyze the responses of a nonlinear machining system subjected to cutting forces excitations. For a systematic analysis, a nonlinear dynamic cutting system is developed that includes the main factors affecting vibration in machining. A new cutting vibration model is established to reflect the realistic vibrations of both the workpiece and the cutting tool of a lathe-type machining system. Vibrations of the workpiece and the cutting tool in a turning system are investigated on the basis of a coupled cutting vibration system established in the research. The effects of the workpiece deflection on the vibration of the machining system are considered. Moreover, the influences of nonlinear electrical features of the machining system's drive motor on the cutting vibration response are also considered in quantifying the nonlinear cutting force and the relative displacements between the workpiece and cutting tool. A set of numerical investigations of the behavior of the nonlinear cutting system is also carried out with implementation of the proposed model.
A Review on Biogas, its Application as a Dual-Fuel on Diesel Engines for Power Generation

Rising global challenges of energy generation, sustainability, cost, environmental concerns among others have triggered immense research on alternative energy sources and technologies in the recent past. Such previous works includes research into use of biogas as a substitute fuel in diesel engines. This paper focuses on how biogas is generated from solid waste and among other uses, is used for power generation, electrical energy is generated from biogas and diesel, using dual fuel (DF) generator. DF applications are considered to lower cost of operating automobile engines and power generators. Furthermore this paper focuses on reviewing alternative fuels techniques focusing on bio-gas properties and local potential, then on how to run internal combustion engines on biogas fuel, previous applications, their availability and costs. The paper also illustrates methods for modification of ordinary engine to run on dual fuel, considering their applications, performance and cost implication. The findings of this work are of great importance in developing a local mechanism that uses diesel as a pilot fuel and biogas as substitute fuel. The findings also will help in identification of an appropriate fuel regulation tool and in adapting the generation plant for a beneficial use. This is to provide affordable alternative source of electrical power to institutions, municipalities or in remote rural localities.
SVPWM Control of Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverters

To solve the problem of computational complexity in H bridge cascaded multilevel inverter (HBCMI) control, this paper proposes a simple space vector pulse width modulation control algorithm. Base on the topology configuration of HBCMI, the output voltage is deduced, which is the difference value between two-level inverter group output voltage formed by left bridge arms and by right bridge arms. The control complexity is independent of inverter voltage level and it is suitable to every voltage level. To verify the algorithms, different level cascaded H-bridge inverter drive systems were constructed and simulation results are present.
2.5.2 Reuse for Real

Using a real world example this paper attempts to illustrate the benefits of using XP ‐ eXtreme Programming (Beck 2000) principles to obtain reuse benefits during the development process. Key to this methodology is embedding reuse and refactoring into the everyday processes rather than attempting to force reuse at the beginning or end of the development cycle. XP doesn't work for every type of project and this paper doesn't attempt to push projects into using XP where it is not appropriate. However, the key principles mentioned in this paper can benefit most projects in their quest to apply reuse and reap its rewards.
Characterization of a photon-counting intensified active pixel sensor (PC-IAPS): preliminary results

We report about preliminary results of the characterization of a new kind of MCP-based detector: a Photon Counting Intensified Active Pixel Sensor (APS). PC-IAPS appears as the natural evolution of the Intensified CCD, maintaining the basic characteristics, but with improved performance in terms of dynamic range, along with some other appealing properties: higher radiation hardness, more compact design, lower requirements on the external electronics, low power consumption. The prototype we realized is currently in an early stage of development. Nevertheless, it allows us to demonstrate the feasibility of the photon counter and to measure some of the basic parameters. Some of the characteristics of the APS, relevant to the use in intensified systems, are analyzed and compared with the CCD ones, demonstrating the potentiality of the new device and allowing us to set the basis of future development.
Double earth fault effects in presence of interconnected earth electrodes

The paper presents a study on the effects of double earth faults in Medium Voltage (MV) networks, in presence of electrical interconnection of the earthing systems of the secondary substations. The aim of the paper is to propose a circuit model and to find general conclusions about the effects of double earth faults in presence of interconnected earthing systems in order to give a contribution to the definition of a general and easily applicable procedure for the identification of Global Earthing Systems (GES).
Antecedents of construction project coalitions: a study of the Spanish construction industry

Research into the formation of alliances, relevant in the field of strategic management and especially, in the construction industry, is often explained in terms of interdependency and complementarities (exogenous factors). In contrast, the influence of a firm’s social relations networks (endogenous factors) has hardly been studied at all. Thus, a model is needed that includes both exogenous and endogenous factors as antecedents to the formation of strategic alliances in the construction industry. Cooperation in the construction sector is especially frequent, above all in public works programmes, as their scale requires coalitions of different‐sized firms. Accordingly, to explore how both exogenous and endogenous factors influence the formation of alliances, a social network analytical method—Multiple Regression Quadratic Assignment Procedure (MRQAP)—was applied to cooperative project coalitions in the Spanish public works construction sector from 2001–2007. Empirical findings confirm that construction companies form coalitions, principally on the basis of past alliances. Membership of business associations and groups is also a key factor, though the influence of geographic proximity is the most debatable result. In the construction industry, the formation of alliances is conditioned, among other factors, by previous social and economic relations that can generate the necessary information and trust for the selection of whichever partner is considered the most suitable for the development of the joint project.
Photonic A/Ds employing S-SEED comparators

In this article photonic implementations of two oversampled analog-to-digital converter architectures are discussed. The first, and simplest design is that of pulse-code-modulation. Simulations and an experiment are developed employing a Multiple-Quantum-Well p-i-n diode comparator. Agreement between simulation and experiment is demonstrated and the design is subsequently extended to a higher performance first order unipolar sigma-delta architecture. Results of the signal-to-noise ratio as a function of input amplitude are presented for an oversampling ratio of 100.
Using artificial neural networks with graphical user interface to predict the strength of carded cotton yarns

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are used in prediction fields. Yarn strength is one of the most important properties, because it reflects the quality of the yarn. The prediction process of yarn strength is very important from the technology side because many of generated forces in the spun yarns could be given by yarn strength. Data were collected from the United Commercial Industrial Company, Damascus, Syria. Then, artificial neural network algorithm was architected. Several neural networks were architected one of these has been chosen, which contained acceptable network error rate. To deal easily with ANN, a simple graphical user interface has been created. This ANN has been tested on a new sample. Results were compared with the actual results as well as the relationship of Solovev which is allocated to predict the strength cotton yarn. ANN has given more acceptable results than Solovev’s relationship.
New detector for thermal imaging systems

A new type of infra-red device based on n-type cadmium mercury telluride is described which performs both the detection function and the time delay integration function in serial or serial-parallel scan thermal imaging systems. It is a simple device which considerably reduces system complexity in either the 8–14 μm or 3–5 μm wavebands.