Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hybrid grey wolf sunflower optimisation algorithm for energy-efficient cluster head selection in wireless sensor networks for lifetime enhancement

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are expected to ﬁnd extensive applicability and accelerating deployment in the future. However, the main challenge faced in WSN is its perishing lifetime. The process of clustering a network is a popular mechanism employed for the purpose of extending the lifespan of WSNs and thereby making efﬁcient data transmission. The main aim of a clustering algorithm is to elect an optimal cluster head (CH). The recent research trend suggests meta-heuristic algorithms for the selection of optimal CHs. Meta-heuristic algorithms possess the advantages of being simple, ﬂexible, derivation-free, and avoids local optima. This research proposes a novel hybrid grey wolf optimiser-based sunﬂower optimisation (HGWSFO) algorithm for optimal CH selection (CHS) under certain factor constraints such as energy spent and separation distance, such that the network lifetime is enhanced. Sunﬂower optimisation (SFO) is employed for a broader search (exploration) where the variation of the step-size parameter brings the plant closer to the sun in search of global reﬁnement, thus increasing the exploration efﬁciency. Grey wolf optimisation (GWO) is employed for a narrow search (exploitation), where the parameter coefﬁcient vectors are deliberately required to emphasise exploitation. This balances the exploration-exploitation trade-off, prolongs the network lifetime, increases the energy efﬁciency, and enhances the performance of the network with respect to overall through-put, residual energy of nodes, dead nodes, alive nodes, network survivability index, and convergence rate. The superior characteristic of the suggested HGWSFO is validated by comparing its performance with various other existing CHS algorithms. The overall performance of the proposed HGWSFO is 28.58%, 31.53%, 48.8%, 49.67%, 54.95%, 70.76%, and 87.10%, better than that of GWO, SFO, particle swarm optimisation (PSO), improved PSO, low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), LEACH-centralised, and direct transmission, respectively.
Predatory mites protect own eggs against predators

Predators frequently compete with other species for prey but can also interact by preying on each other’s vulnerable stages. Because eggs and juveniles are more vulnerable to this intraguild predation than adults, their survival will depend on maternal strategies to reduce predation risk. Recently, we reported that adult female predatory mites Gynaeseius liturivorus Ehara (Acari: Phytoseiidae) reduce intraguild predation on their eggs by remaining at oviposition sites, thus deterring the egg predators. In addition, they avoid oviposition close to eggs laid by conspecific females. We therefore expected that adult female G. liturivorus protect their own eggs better against these egg predators than eggs of other females. This was tested using juveniles of the predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus McGregor (Acari: Phytoseiidae) as egg predators and the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), as the shared prey. When G. liturivorus eggs were kept with their mothers, the presence of juvenile egg predators did not affect the survival of eggs. However, when G. liturivorus eggs were kept with females that were not their mothers, the mortality of eggs in the presence of juvenile egg predators increased. When adult female G. liturivorus were guarding their eggs, they killed a similar number of juvenile egg predators as females that were not kept with their eggs. Hence, adult female G. liturivorus protect their eggs by remaining close to their eggs.
Human neural stem cell culture and other in vitro model for prediction of embryotoxicity and neurotoxicity

Generally, most of the in vitro tests used in neurotoxicology are limited to transformed cell lines which are derived from rodent or human. For an in vitro test to have high rate of predictability of neurotoxicity and teratogenicity it should undergo the important processes of embryological development, such as cell proliferation, cell migration, and differentiation. Human neural stem cells have been proposed for this purpose, which have the ability to divide, differentiate, and migrate. In this study, it was found that double coating of laminin with either poly D lysine or poly L lysine was most suitable for growing human neural stem cells rather than coating with a single extracellular molecule. Several chemicals and drugs were then chosen to assess the utility of neural stem cells as an assay for neurotoxicity: methyl mercury and lead acetate; four anti-epileptics drugs (sodium valproate, phenytoin, carbamazepine, and phenobarbitone); anti-oxidants (folic acid and melatonin). These anti-oxidants were tested alone and when added to sodium valproate and to phenytoin (which are well known in their teratogenicity), and other drugs (lithium, diazepam, and amitriptyline), which are weak teratogens. To assess the effects of these molecules on human neural stem cells cell survival, total cellular protein, neuronal process length, neurosphere sizes, migration distance, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, and tubulin III protein expression were measured. The study shows that methyl mercury caused significant reduction in most of the end points from the dose of 1µM and it led to significant increase in Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein expression (which is a sign of reactive gliosis). Lead acetate led to a significant reduction in cell migration 48hours after treatment with 10µM. In the case of the anti-epileptics, sodium valproate appeared to reduce neurosphere size significantly from the dose of 500µM and decrease migration distance significantly 48hours after treatment with 1000µM. Moreover, phenytoin treatment resulted in significant reduction in neurosphere sizes from the dose of 25µM and reduced cell migration significantly from the dose of 50µM. However, the other anti-epileptics (carbamazepine and phenobarbitone) revealed their effect only at high doses which are above their therapeutic range. On the other hand, adding the anti-oxidants (Folic acid or Melatonin) to sodium valproate or phenytoin had to some extent beneficial effects, by making their toxic effect appear at doses which were higher than when used alone. Regarding the other drugs (lithium, diazepam, and amitriptyline), it seems that their toxic effect appeared only at doses which are higher than the therapeutic range. Therefore, it can be concluded that human neural stem cells are a sensitive model in detecting the neurotoxicity of methyl mercury and lead acetate at low doses and can predict the neurotoxicity of sodium valproate and phenytoin at their therapeutic doses.
A novel design of current differencing transconductance amplifier with high transconductance gain and enhanced bandwidth

In this paper, transconductance gain of current differencing transconductance amplifier (CDTA) has been boosted by using a novel approach. Transconductance is generally varied by two well-known techniques. In the first technique, bias current of differential pair MOSFETs is varied whereas in the second technique, aspect ratios of differential pair MOSFETs are changed. The drawbacks of first technique are limited range of transconductance and higher power dissipation whereas second technique restricts dynamic range, output swing and bandwidth of CDTA. To overcome these drawbacks, 2 new structures of CDTA, namely high transconductance gain CDTAs (HTG-CDTA-I & HTG-CDTA-II) have been proposed. HTG-CDTA-I utilizes partial positive feedback in the active loads of differential pair MOSFETs to increase the transconductance gain. The partial positive feedback reduces the linear range of HTG-CDTA-I that is counter balanced by employing source degeneration resistors. In addition, parallel MOSFETs are used in the structures of current mirrors to achieve higher value of transconductance. To enhance the bandwidth of proposed HTG-CDTAI, another structure known as HTG-CDTA-II has also been proposed. In this structure, compensation resistors are connected at the gate terminals of driver MOSFETs of current mirrors. To prove the worthiness of proposed HTGCDTA-II, KHN filter is realized and its advantages have been discussed.
My Homeland: Kyrgyzstan Bishkek Secondary School Students' Opinions About Homeland

Homeland is generally the land where one person was born and grew upand also it is a broad concept that includes language, history, culture and family ties as well as being the land that a nation freely lives on. Homeland is not only a physical space, but a strong association of cultures, arts assets, and language, religion and common past together. In this study, it was tried to determine the views of the middle school students living in the Kyrgyz Republic, whose mother or father is a Turkish citizen. This study was conducted with156 students studying in, the Republic of Turkey Ministry of National Education Kyrgyzstan Bishkek Middle School and in Imam Hatip Secondary School. This school, which is connected to the Republic of Turkey Ministry of National Education and mostly children continued who are the citizens of the Republic of Turkey. In this descriptive survey model, the data were obtained from the open-ended questionnaire asked to the students. In the analysis of the data, content analysis was used. 109 students participated in the survey stated that they see Turkey as the homeland. Students were determined Kyrgyzstan and Russia as a country after Turkey. 4 themes and 9 sub-themes were formed in the direction of the students' thinking about the concept of “homeland”. In the research, each theme related to students 'responses was examined separately, and some students' thoughts were also included and interpreted.
Lcsain3, A Novel Gene From Sheepgrass, Regulates Arabidopsis Seed Germination And Seedling Growth Under Salt Stress

Sheepgrass is a perennial native grass species with an aggressive and vigorous rhizome system, and it can tolerate high levels of salt stress. Many salt stress-responsive genes have been identified in sheepgrass. Here, we identified and characterized a novel salt-induced gene, LcSAIN3 (Leymus chinensis salt-induced 3), from sheepgrass. Expression analysis confirmed that LcSAIN3 is induced by PEG, ABA and salt stress. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that the LcSAIN3 protein is mainly localized in the chloroplasts. The heterologous of LcSAIN3 in Arabidopsis increases seed germination under various stress conditions. More importantly, the seedling survival, plant height and weight of the transgenic plants are higher than those of the WT plants under salt stress. The overexpression of LcSAIN3 causes a relatively high accumulation of free proline; enhances SOD activity; and leads to the upregulated expression of several stress-responsive genes, such as AtRAB26, AtRD29B, AtSOS1 and AtP5CS1. Our results suggest that LcSAIN3 may be a useful gene for the molecular breeding to improve plants salt stress tolerance.
An observer-based H∞ linear parameter varying controller for time delayed linear parameter varying systems using dilated linear matrix inequalities and Wirtinger inequality

In this study, we give a method for the design of linear parameter varying (LPV) observers in order to perform an LPV time delayed state feedback control for LPV systems with time varying delay. We derive some tractable analysis and synthesis conditions expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). We show how it is possible to reduce significantly the conservatism of the quadratic approach by using parameter dependent Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and LMI dilation techniques jointed to the Wirtinger integral inequality. We also present a method that makes it possible to do without the separation principle when determining the observer and the state feedback parameters. The synthesis problem is formulated without this principle. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of our approach that leads to a better H∞ level compared with other results, from literature, for the same example.
Design of an Adaptive e-Learning System based on Multi-Agent Approach and Reinforcement Learning

Adaptive e-learning systems are created to facilitate the learning process. These systems are able to suggest the student the most suitable pedagogical strategy and to extract the information and characteristics of the learners. A multi-agent system is a collection of organized and independent agents that communicate with each other to resolve a problem or complete a well-defined objective. These agents are always in communication and they can be homogeneous or heterogeneous and may or may not have common objectives. The application of the multi-agent approach in adaptive e-learning systems can enhance the learning process quality by customizing the contents to students’ needs. The agents in these systems collaborate to provide a personalized learning experience. In this paper, a design of an adaptative e-learning system based on a multi-agent approach and reinforcement learning is presented. The main objective of this system is the recommendation to the students of a learning path that meets their characteristics and preferences using the Q-learning algorithm. The proposed system is focused on three principal characteristics, the learning style according to the Felder-Silverman learning style model, the knowledge level, and the student's possible disabilities. Three types of disabilities were taken into account, namely hearing impairments, visual impairments, and dyslexia. The system will be able to provide the students with a sequence of learning objects that matches their profiles for a personalized learning experience.
Inertialess magnetohydrodynamic flows in expansions and contractions

Inductionless, incompressible MHD flows in expansions of rectangular ducts are investigated by asymptotic techniques for strong, uniform, externally applied magnetic fields. The geometries considered are closely related to applications in nuclear fusion reactors, where liquid alloys are used as breeding materials. The liquid metal velocities are very small so that inertia is negligible in comparison with the electromagnetic forces. The major balance of forces establishes in the core between pressure and Lorentz forces while viscous forces are confined to very thin boundary layers along the duct walls. Near the expansion one can observe an intense exchange of flow between the upstream and downstream cores with the corresponding side layers. This effect becomes more pronounced with decreasing length of the expansion region. For the limiting case of infinitesimally expansion length, i.e. for a sudden expansion an internal layer develops along magnetic field lines. This expansion layer matches the solutions in both rectangular ducts. Depending on the electric conductivity of the duct walls this layer is able to carry a significant amount of the total flow. The three-dimensional flow near the expansion drives additional electric currents which are responsible for higher pressure drop compared with fully developed conditions. As an example, the detailed flow structure in the expansion layer is analyzed and discussed for an expansion ratio of 4 : 1.
Evaluation of Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Artabotrys zeylanicus Stem against Various Hepatotoxins Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Wister Rats

The objective of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic stem extract of Artabotrys zeylanicus against paracetamol (PCT), Ethanol (ETN) and Isoniazid and Rifampicin (IR) induced hepatotoxicity in Albino wister rats. Methodology: The material was dried in shade, they were powdered and extracted with ethanol. Preliminary Phytochemical tests were done. The hepatoprotective activity of the ethanol extract was assessed in Albino wister rats. PCT (3 g/kg), ETN (5 gm/kg) and IR (100 mg/kg) has enhanced the levels of various biochemical markers of hepatic damage like Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Trasaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), Alkaline phosphatise (ALP), bilirubin. Antioxidant levels were tested in all the Hepatotoxins treated and untreated groups. Results: The various biochemical and Histopathological investigations done were Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Trasaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), Alkaline phosphatise (ALP), Bilirubin, antioxidant activity by 1,1-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), Nitro Blue Tetrazolium (NBT), Hyderogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid perioxidation, hyderoxil radical and nitric oxide. Treatment of ethanolic extract of stem of A. zeylanicus (100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weight) has brought back the altered levels of biochemical markers to the near normal levels in the dose dependent manner. Ethanolic extract of A. zeylanicus were observed to inhibit oxidant stress with the maximum value of 71% and 62% at the concentration of 100 µg/mL. The crude ethanolic extract of A. zeylanicus had a calculated IC50 value of 62.2 and 63.25 μg/mL, which is nearly similar to the calculated IC50 value of the known antioxidant, ascorbic acid, ie 65.3 μg/mL. While the rats treated with AZ extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) which were shown as reduction/absence of inflammatory cells, vascular congestion, cellular degeneration, necrosis and vacuoles. In contrast, the lower doses (100 mg/kg) of ethanolic extract of AZ stem shown low protection than at higher dose 400 mg/kg. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that A. zeylanicus ethanol stem extract possessed a potent antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity.
Coordination of lateral body bending and leg movements for sprawled posture quadrupedal locomotion

Many animals generate propulsive forces by coordinating legs, which contact and push against the surroundings, with bending of the body, which can only indirectly influence these forces. Such body–leg coordination is not commonly employed in quadrupedal robotic systems. To elucidate the role of back bending during quadrupedal locomotion, we study a model system: the salamander, a sprawled-posture quadruped that uses lateral bending of the elongate back in conjunction with stepping of the limbs during locomotion. We develop a geometric approach that yields a low-dimensional representation of the body and limb contributions to the locomotor performance quantified by stride displacement. For systems where the damping forces dominate inertial forces, our approach offers insight into appropriate coordination patterns, and improves the computational efficiency of optimization techniques. In particular, we demonstrate effect of the lateral undulation coordinated with leg movement in the forward, rotational, and lateral directions of the robot motion. We validate the theoretical results using numerical simulations, and then successfully test these approaches using robophysical experiments on granular media, a model deformable, frictional substrate. Although our focus lies primarily on robotics, we also demonstrate that our tools can accurately predict optimal body bending of a living salamander Salamandra salamandra.
Beating the buzzer: The construction of ageing hockey masculinity

In spite of the fact that the media and the public often revere elite male hockey players as exemplars of masculinity, these same groups largely ignore these men when they become old. Moreover, there is very little scholarly research on old(er) hockey players. In contrast, this paper examines the gender expressions of the men who played for the Silver Skaters, an old-timers hockey league in a mid-sized central Canadian city. Although sometimes players met the standard of youthful hegemonic masculinity, they more often broke with it, expressing their own unique forms of ageing hockey masculinity focused on a censure of violence and aggression and an emphasis on an ethic of care and inclusion. In the wake of calls to change the culture of young men’s elite-level hockey, the gender performances of these late(r)-life men, shaped by the structure of their hockey league, demonstrates that alternative hockey masculinities are possible.
Automatic Identification Of Construction Dust Based On Improved K-Means Algorithm

At present, the construction dust has caused great losses to people's healthy life and national economic development. In order to solve the shortcomings of the existing real-time sensor network detection of construction dust such as poor accuracy, this paper proposes an automatic identification of construction dust based on computer vision and improved K-Means clustering algorithm. We extract the saturation of HSV color model of each image to form a text data set. We determine the median value of the data set as the initial centroid of clustering, reduce the number of iterations and get the global optimal solution. Mahalanobis distance is used as similarity measure to cluster, which reduces the difference between different feature measures, improves the accuracy, and realizes the automatic recognition of construction dust based on computer vision. For the improved K-Means algorithm, the precision, recall rate and harmonic mean value are used to analyze the clustering results. The experimental results show that the improved K-Means algorithm has good robustness and high accuracy, and the automatic recognition rate can reach 89.33%.
Standard Heterosis of Maize (Zea Mays L.) Genotypes for Grain Yield and Yield Related Traits in Mid-Altitude Agro-Ecology of Ethiopia

A line x tester analysis involving sixty four test-crosses generated by crossing 32 elite maize inbred lines with two testers and two standard checks was evaluated for yield and yield related traits in 6x11 alpha lattice design replicated twice during 2017 cropping season at Bako National Maize Research Center. The study was designed to estimate the amount of standard heterosis of the hybrids for grain yield and yield related traits. From this study, considerable standard heterosis for all traits over both commercial checks was manifested. For grain yield, the highest standard heterosis was recorded for L17xT1 (61.75 %) and (41.46%) over BH546 and BH547, respectively, indicating the presence of substantial heterotic potential that could be exploited in maize breeding program and possibility of developing desirable cross combinations through crossing of inbred lines with desirable traits of interest. Cross L3xT2 manifested negative standard heterosis over BH546 and BH547 for days to anthesis, silking and maturity that indicate earliness of the crosses in maturity as compared to both standard checks. Similarly, most of the crosses showed positive standard heterosis for biomass yield, harvest index, ear per plant, ear length, ear diameter, rows per ear, kernel per rows and thousand kernel weights over both commercial checks. In general, information from this study could be valuable for researchers who intend to develop high yielding maize varieties. Keywords : Maize, Standard Heterosis, Grain Yield. DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/11-4-03 Publication date: February 28 th 2021
DNA; Digital Data Storage Device

The growth of various types of information happens day by day. The increased production of data, in turn, led to the invention of various data storage tools. The idea of storing data in DNA is now one of the major focuses. There are so many methods for storing data in DNA, the method put forward by Nick Goldman and Evan Birney has so many advantages over the other methods. They had converted data in the binary form into ternary by using improved Huffman coding of base 3. This helped to reduce the error rate that had produced in the earlier works.