Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generalized impurity pinch in partially magnetized multi-ion plasma

In a two-ion-species plasma with disparate ion masses, heavy ions tend to concentrate in the low-temperature region of collisionally magnetized plasma and in the high-temperature region of collisionally unmagnetized plasma, respectively. Moreover, collisional magnetization can be determined as the ratio of the light ion gyrofrequency to the collision frequency of light and heavy ion species, and the behavior of this effect in the intermediate regime of partially magnetized plasma is predominantly dependent on this Hall parameter. Multi-ion cross-field transport has been described before in the collisionally magnetized plasma regime, and generalized pinch relations, which describe densities of ion species in equilibrium in that plasma, are found in the literature. In this paper, the role of collisional magnetization and Larmor magnetization in multi-ion collisional transport is clarified and generalized pinch relations are extended to the partially magnetized regime, in which the ion Hall parameter may be small, as long as electrons remain collisionally magnetized. Equilibrium ion density profiles have the same dependence on external forces and on each other regardless of collisional magnetization of ions. The expansion of the range of validity of multi-ion collisional transport models makes them applicable to a wider range of laboratory plasma conditions. In particular, ion density profiles evolve sufficiently fast for radial impurity transport to be observable around stagnation on MagLIF, leading to expulsion of heavy ion impurities from the hotspot as long as plasma becomes sufficiently collisionally magnetized during the implosion.
Personality Traits and Dysfunctional Attitudes among Patients with Somatic Symptom Disorder in Pakistan

Somatic symptom disorder was previously known as somatization disorder, is the combination of medically unexplained bodily symptoms with psychological anxieties and health-seeking behavior. It occurs in 10% to 15% people in OPD. The objective was to investigate the relationship between personality traits and dysfunctional attitudes among somatic symptom disorder patients (SSD) and differences in personality traits of somatic symptom disorder patients and normal individuals. A total sample (N= 140) of seventy diagnosed patients (n = 70) of somatic symptom disorder and seventy (n= 70) normal individual were taken. Dysfunctional attitudes were measured by short form of Dysfunctional Attitude scale (DAS) developed by Beck, Brown, Steer and Weissman, (1991), whereas personality traits were measured by NEO-personality inventory developed by Costa and McCrae (1985). Neuroticism personality trait was positively correlated with dysfunctional attitudes whereas Conscientiousness, openness, extroversion and agreeableness were negatively correlated with dysfunctional attitudes among somatic symptom disorder. There were significant differences in personality traits of patients with somatic symptom disorder and normal individuals. Personality traits are associated with dysfunctional attitudes among patients with somatic symptom disorder and personality traits of somatic symptom disorder patients are different from normal individuals.
Affordable and robust phenotyping framework to analyse root system architecture of soil-grown plants

The analysis of root system growth, root phenotyping, is important to inform efforts to enhance plant resource acquisition from soils. However, root phenotyping remains challenging due to soil opacity and requires systems that optimize root visibility and image acquisition. Previously reported systems require costly and bespoke materials not available in most countries, where breeders need tools to select varieties best adapted to local soils and field conditions. Here, we present an affordable soil-based growth container (rhizobox) and imaging system to phenotype root development in greenhouses or shelters. All components of the system are made from commodity components, locally available worldwide to facilitate the adoption of this affordable technology in low-income countries. The rhizobox is large enough (~6000 cm2 visible soil) to not restrict vertical root system growth for at least seven weeks after sowing, yet light enough (~21 kg) to be routinely moved manually. Support structures and an imaging station, with five cameras covering the whole soil surface, complement the rhizoboxes. Images are acquired via the Phenotiki sensor interface, collected, stitched and analysed. Root system architecture (RSA) parameters are quantified without intervention. RSA of a dicot (chickpea, Cicer arietinum L.) and a monocot (barley, Hordeum vulgare L.) species, which exhibit contrasting root systems, were analysed. The affordable system is relevant for efforts in Ethiopia and elsewhere to enhance yields and climate resilience of chickpea and other crops for improved food security. Significance Statement An affordable system to characterize root system architecture of soil-grown plants was developed. Using commodity components, this will enable local efforts world-wide to breed for enhanced root systems.
GFAP as a marker of reactive astrocytes in the mice brain following hemorrhagic stroke and HSV-I

A. V. Gumenyuk, S. L. Rybalko, S. I. Savosko © 2017 A. V. Gumenyuk et al.; Published by the Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine on behalf of Biopolymers and Cell. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited UDC 616-06:616.9-092.9
Abstract LB-149: Genome-wide prediction of synthetic rescue mediators of resistance to targeted and immunotherapy

Background: Most patients with advanced cancer eventually acquire resistance to targeted therapies, spurring extensive efforts to identify molecular events mediating therapy resistance. Here we demonstrate that many of these molecular events involve synthetic rescue (SR) genetic interactions, where the reduction in cancer cell viability caused by targeted gene inactivation is rescued by an adaptive alteration of another gene (the rescuer). Methods: Analyzing recently published large scale in vitro functional screens we identify 100,000s candidate SR interactions that show evidence of rescue events in cancer cell lines. We then analyze tumor transcriptomic, genomic, and genetic profiles together with survival and clinical characteristics of 10,000 TCGA cancer patients to identify the few thousand SR interactions that have strong evidence that they are mediators of emerging resistance in patient tumors. Results: We identify the first rescue network, composed of SR interactions common to many cancer types. The identified SRs successfully match the resistance mediators identified in recently published clinical studies. We perform multiple in vitro analyses in head and neck and lung cancer, showing that targeting predicted rescuer genes successfully re-sensitizes resistant cancer cells, providing specific leads for targeting resistance proactively. We further demonstrate that SR-based combination therapy can improve the progression free survival in mouse xenografts models. Notably, we show that SR interactions successfully predict cancer patients9 response in the TCGA compendium, showing performance superior to existing machine learning based predictive models. Finally, we show that SR analysis of melanoma patients successfully identifies known mediators of resistance to checkpoint immunotherapy (reported previously in mice) and suggests new combination therapies that counteract the resistance. Conclusions: This work presents a new paradigm identifying and harnessing synthetic rescue interactions to counteract resistance to both targeted- and immuno-therapies. Future implementations of this approach will have two broad implications in the precision oncology era: first for determining the most effective treatment regimen based on the molecular characteristics of individual patient’s tumor; second for identifying conjunct drugs to counteract resistance to existing primary therapies, for both targeted and immune checkpoint therapies. Citation Format: Avinash Das, Joo Sang Lee, Gao Zhang, Zhiyong Wang, Arnaud Amzallag, Genevieve Boland, Sridhar Hannenhalli, Meenhard Herlyn, Cyril Benes, J. Silvio Gutkind, Keity Flaherty, Eytan Ruppin. Genome-wide prediction of synthetic rescue mediators of resistance to targeted and immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-149.
Too Broke for the Hype: Intention to Purchase Counterfeit Fashion Products among Muslim Students

: The growth in international trade of counterfeit fashion products poses a serious threat to the global economic conditions. Producers may become unmotivated to be innovative because of counterfeiting which could lead to stagnation and unfair competition in business. This threat cannot be separated from the consumers their rationales behind their decision related to counterfeit products which is still unclear and varies across society. This phenomenon became more interesting to be studied in Indonesia which has strong Islamic culture. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the influential factors of purchase intention towards counterfeit fashion products for Muslim consumers. Conceptual framework of this study emphasizes several beliefs namely value consciousness, social risk, performance risk, subjective norms, descriptive norms, ethical consciousness, status consumption, and Muslim religiosity. 455 valid samples were collected by distributing self-administered questionnaires to undergraduate Muslim students in Greater Jakarta Area. By utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), this study uncovers that consumers’ attitude towards counterfeit product was found to be positively and significantly related to purchase intention of counterfeit fashion product. As for beliefs constructs, the structural model suggest that all belief variables are significantly influenced the attitudes toward counterfeit fashion products. Furthermore, the ethical consciousness appears to be the most significant factor that influence attitudes, whereas religiosity becomes the weakest. The results of the study provide some insights for marketers, manufacturers, policy makers and religious leaders which may contribute to relieve the global counterfeiting problems.
A Mini Review: Phenolic Compounds in Diets for Managing Type II Diabetes

: Diet management help to prevent or reduce the progress of diabetes mellitus, one of metabolic disorder potentially lead to serious complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, heart and vascular diseases. This mini review highlights the hypoglycemic effect of natural supplemented diets evaluated in animals and humans. Several phenolic compounds from natural origins comprise of Mangifera indica , Peperomia pellucida , Sesamum indicum, Passiflora edulis and Aegle marmelos are briefly described. Mode of action observed in isolated phenolic compounds in improving diabetes are including free radical scavengers, inhibition of glucose regulating enymes and disruptions expression of glucose transporter genes.
Advances in Endovascular Neurosurgery Techniques: ToyamaHospital Experience

: Advance developing technologies of neurosurgery field in the world especially endovascular treatment and vascular surgery. Endovascular treatment has new technique in internal carotid stenosis, basilar tip aneurysm, and carotid cavernous aneurysm. Effectiveness and safety of endovascular treatment not inferior compare to open surgery and for some cases more superior. The only management for moyamoya disease is surgical revascularization by direct bypass, indirect bypass, and combined bypass. Most of the previous procedures were aimed on MCA territory so EDMAPS was developed to revascularize ACA territory by using frontal pericranial flap for additional indirect bypass through medial frontal craniotomy. Studies demonstrates STA-MCA anastomosis and EDMAPS is safe and effective to improve long term prognosis in moyamoya disease.
Development of European cluster initiatives: stakeholders' contribution and enrolment

This study investigated how cluster initiatives' members contribute to cluster initiatives concerning tasks as well as what dependency patterns exist between maturation level and enrolment of members in these organisations. The content of the work is considered as crucial for organisational functioning and development. The findings are based on survey responses from 136 (53% response rate) cluster initiatives from eight European countries. The results show that, first, all members contribute to initiatives' development by performing strategic, operational tasks, and provision of resources. Each member tends to focus more on one task than the others that are delegated. Second, two factors influence enrolment of new members in cluster initiatives: age and presence of other influential members. The more mature cluster initiatives become the more networks and established organisational attributes it will have. This reflects longevity of the initiative and good-quality, intermediary assistance, which are attractive for potential members.
Optimisation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) for orthopaedic application via the chemical precipitation technique

Hydroxyapatite, (HAp), Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂, is a naturally occurring mineral found in the inorganic component of human bone and enamel. The constituent elements of HAp are primarily calcium and phosphorous, with a stoichiometric calcium to phosphorous ratio of 1.667 capable of promoting intimate bone growth onto femoral implants. HAp is rendered a bioactive material since it has the ability to promote such growth with rapid fixation in what is also considered an osteoconductive process. The performance, lifespan and quality of the resultant biological coating in vivo is largely dependent on the coating morphology, phase composition, particle size and crystallinity of the powders pre-coating application. The present study aims to synthesise phase pure HAp powders via the wet chemical precipitation technique, in order to evaluate the critical process parameters and their effect (main and interaction) on controlling the final HAp powder characteristics, such as, phase composition, purity, crystallinity, crystallite size, lattice parameters, particle size and particle size distribution. These powders were synthesised with a view to satisfying regulatory requirements. These effects were quantified using Design of Experiments (Design Expert) to develop mathematical models, in terms of the chemical precipitation process parameters. HAp possessing optimum powder characteristics for orthopaedic application via the thermal plasma spray technique can therefore be prepared using the following chemical precipitation process parameters: reaction temperature 60oC, ripening time 48h and stirring speed 1500rpm using high reagent concentrations. In the case of HAp synthesis at a lower reaction temperature, synthesis under a controlled environment (inert atmosphere) is desirable in order to achieve a high level of crystallinity: with an increase from 86.32% synthesised at 20oC to 95.19% synthesised at 60oC. The presence of an inert atmosphere appears less critical at synthesis under increased levels of reaction temperature. Ripening time and stirring speed significantly affect the final phase purity. An increase in both the ripening time (0.5 - 48h) and stirring speed (600 - 1500rpm) can result in an increase of purity by 77.74% (21.15 – 98.89%). Crystallite size, lattice parameters and mean particle size were also optimised within the research to find desired settings to achieve results suitable for FDA regulations.
Fine Chemicals Manufacture: Technology and Engineering

Introduction: Characteristic features of fine chemicals manufacture Catalysis in fine chemistry Selectivity engineering Process development Separation methods Production plants. Fine Chemicals and their Synthesis - a Chemical Point of View: What are fine chemicals? - Historical development of organic synthesis Fine chemicals versus bulk chemicals manufacture Process selection - process profile analysis Factors influencing process choice - cleaner and safer technologies E factors and atom utilization The role of catalysis in waste minimization Fine chemicals and catalysis - examples. Catalysis in Fine Chemicals. Introduction. Mechanism of catalysis. Heterogeneous catalysts - types and preparation. Catalyst performance: activity, selectivity, and stability. Catalyst selection. Catalyst characterization. Homogeneous catalysis. Phase-transfer catalysis Biocatalysis. Selectivity Engineering: Heterogenization of homogeneous catalysis Additional liquid phase Rate and selectivity improvement via manipulation of "microenvironment" Rate and selectivity improvement via manipulation of "macroenvironment". Unconventional techniques Continuous processes. (Part contents).
Justice for Non-Muslims in Islamic Courts: Interfaith Inheritance Distribution

: In dealing with the complexity of inheritance distribution cases involving Muslim and non-Muslims, judges in the Indonesian Religious Courts have used the method of wasiyya al wajiba or obligatory bequest. This means that non-Muslim successors can obtain the share from their deceased relatives’ property through the obligatory bequest. One of the jurisprudence used is the Supreme Court Decision No. 368 K/AG/1995. By examining jurisprudences and Religious Court decisions pertaining to the interfaith inheritance cases, this paper found out that the judges’ decision to grant non-Muslims with wasiyya al wajiba is based on the notion of maslaha and by considering the good relationship between the deceased and the successors, which are not Muslims. Apart from that, one of the decisions also granted non-Muslim successors with the status of substitute heirs, which are usually given to Muslim successors. These methods are chosen as judges’ caution in dealing with the complexity of Muslim inheritance system. Despite the emerging controversies, this scheme is still one of the safest choices in resolving this sensitive issue.
Environmental Impact of Geosynthetics in Coastal Protection

Geosynthetic materials are applied in measures for coastal protection. Weathering or any damage of constructions, as shown by a field study in Kaliningrad Oblast (Russia), could lead to the littering of the beach or the sea (marine littering) and the discharge of possibly harmful additives into the marine environment. The ageing behavior of a widely used geotextile made of polypropylene was studied by artificial accelerated ageing in water-filled autoclaves at temperatures of 30 to 80 °C and pressures of 10 to 50 bar. Tensile strength tests were used to evaluate the progress of ageing, concluding that temperature rather than pressure was the main factor influencing the ageing of geotextiles. Using a modified Arrhenius equation, it was possible to calculate the half-life for the loss of 50% of the strain, which corresponds to approximately 330 years. Dynamic surface leaching and ecotoxicological tests were performed to determine the possible release of contaminants. No harmful effects on the test organisms were observed.
Causal Linkage between Inflation and Unemployment: An evidence from the Selected MENA Countries

The current study measures the causal association between inflation and unemployment employing Phillips Curve approach from 1990 until 2016 for selected MENA countries. Granger causality and the heterogeneous causality methods for Panel are employed by this study as proposed by Dumitrescu and Hurlin. This causality test has an advantage over the panel Granger causality as it considers two dimensions of heterogeneity. The finding revealed a unidirectional causality between unemployment and inflation with Panel Dumitrescu and Hurlin Granger causality but not in the panel Granger causality test. Therefore, the governments should choose to stabilize inflation rate or reduce unemployment rate.
An Indoor Visible Light Positioning System Using Tilted LEDs with High Accuracy

The accuracy of the received signal strength-based visible light positioning (VLP) system in indoor applications is constrained by the tilt angles of transmitters (Txs) and receivers as well as multipath reflections. In this paper, for the first time, we show that tilting the Tx can be beneficial in VLP systems considering both line of sight (LoS) and non-line of sight transmission paths. With the Txs oriented towards the center of the receiving plane (i.e., the pointing center F), the received power level is maximized due to the LoS components on F. We also show that the proposed scheme offers a significant accuracy improvement of up to ~66% compared with a typical non-tilted Tx VLP at a dedicated location within a room using a low complex linear least square algorithm with polynomial regression. The effect of tilting the Tx on the lighting uniformity is also investigated and results proved that the uniformity achieved complies with the European Standard EN 12464-1. Furthermore, we show that the accuracy of VLP can be further enhanced with a minimum positioning error of 8 mm by changing the height of F.
A Study of the Igbo Noun-Noun Compound: A Conceptual Blending Approach

Studies on noun+noun (N+N) compounds in Igbo have largely relied on the processes of concatenation as a means of accounting for the creation of noun compounds. The present study adopts a different approach which is based on the theory of conceptual integration (blending) network to account for the derivation of N+N compounds in Igbo. This involves the recruitment of conceptual structures provided by the input spaces. These structures or elements are selectively projected into a blended space where they are integrated to form an emergent structure realized as a noun compound. The study has been able to show that a noun compound is formed in the blended space through the integration of selectively projected concepts drawn from the input spaces, rather than by mere juxtaposition of two nouns. This study confirms that N+N compounds in the Igbo language could better be analyzed using the conceptual blending theory.
A UAV-based system for monitoring crop growth in wheat, barley and triticale phenotyping field trials

This research evaluated the capability of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAVs) –based system to monitor the plant heights of several wheat, barley and triticale field trials over time, by applying a customised object-based image analysis algorithm to the digital surface models created with the structure-from-motion technique. Comparisons between UAV-based and ground-based measurements over time reported an overall coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.917 and an average root mean square (RMS) error of 0.10 m. With a target of field phenotyping, a ranking of genotypes in term of plant heights and crop growth was accurately provided, which can facilitate the decision making process in cereal breeding programs.
Overview of Sol-Gel Science and Technology

Abstract : Sol-gel science and technology continues to interest researchers decades after its discovery. The reaction is easy to perform, does not require special conditions (can be done on the bench top in a beaker), and does not require high temperatures. The sol-gel reaction consists of a series of simple hydrolysis and condensation reactions. This reaction can be influenced by several factors: quantity of acid catalyst, amount of water used, incorporation of a network modifier, and varying solvent effects. This work presents an overview of sol-gel science and technology, discusses the advantages of sol-gel reactions, and describes the factors that can influence changes in the final sol-gel material.