Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A permanent campaign? Tweeting differences among members of Congress between campaign and routine periods

ABSTRACT This article investigates whether the notion of a “permanent campaign” characterizes politicians’ Twitter use by analyzing 285,456 tweets by Members of Congress during and after the 2016 US elections. We distinguished a campaign period, a lame duck period, and a routine period. The inclusion of a lame duck period is novel in studies on social networking sites and allows for more precise conclusions. In the routine period, politicians focused more on hard news, put more emphasis on domestic than foreign content on the country level, had a higher level of negative sentiment and published more tweets, whereas in the campaign period positive sentiment was higher. Additionally, we found large differences in politicians’ tweeting behavior between the lame duck and routine period. We conclude that the notion of a ‘permanent campaign’ does not appropriately describe political campaigning on Twitter, but that the exact differences are still poorly understood, as empirical findings do not align well with previous literature.
Purpose in Life and Conscientiousness Protect Against the Development of Suicidal Ideation in U.S. Military Veterans With PTSD and MDD: Results From the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study

Background Although several studies have examined risk factors for suicidal ideation among veterans, little is known about risk and protective factors for suicidal ideation in high-risk veteran samples. Thus, this study examined a broad range of risk and protective factors associated with the development of suicidal ideation in a high-risk sample of U.S. veterans who screened positive for current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and/or major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods Data were analyzed from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study, a nationally representative, prospective cohort study of U.S. veterans. Veterans completed self-report measures to screen for PTSD and MDD and to assess for risk and protective factors. The sample included 222 veterans with PTSD and/or MDD who did not endorse suicidal ideation at baseline and completed at least one assessment over a seven-year follow-up period. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine baseline factors associated with incident suicidal ideation. Results Nearly one in three (27.1%) of veterans with PTSD and/or MDD developed suicidal ideation over the seven-year follow-up period. Non-Caucasian race and lower scores on measures of purpose in life, conscientiousness, and frequency of religious service attendance were independently associated with incident suicidal ideation. Lower purpose in life (52.3%) and conscientiousness (33.2%) explained the vast majority of variance in incident suicidal ideation. Conclusion Nearly 30% of veterans with PTSD and/or MDD who did not endorse suicidal ideation at baseline developed suicidal ideation over a seven-year period. Prevention and treatment efforts designed to bolster purpose in life and conscientiousness may help mitigate risk for suicidal ideation in this high-risk population.
Parental Marital Conflict and Tobacco and Alcohol Use among Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model

To explore the mediating effect of school bonding on the relationship between parental marital conflict and tobacco and alcohol use among adolescents, and the moderating role of sensation seeking in this mediating process.A total of 3,176 Chinese middle school students completed questionnaires regarding children’s perception of interparental conflict, school bonding, sensation seeking, tobacco use, and alcohol use. The findings revealed that: (1) School bonding significantly mediated the relationship between parental marital conflict and tobacco use among adolescents; (2) School bonding significantly mediated the relationship between parental marital conflict and alcohol use among adolescents; (3) Sensation seeking significantly moderated the mediating process, “parental marital conflict→school bonding→tobacco use. ” More specifically, the mediating role of parental marital conflict was strengthened by reducing adolescents’ school bonding, which was significant for adolescents with high sensation seeking but not for adolescents with low sensation seeking.
On Fetal Growth Rate (Its Variations and Their Consequences)

Some general factors that are important in relation to fetal growth are: 1) fetal growth rate and length of gestation are not related; 2) ethnic groups have characteristic rates of fetal growth; 3) fetal growth can show rapid secular changes; 4) altitude reduces fetal growth rate; 5) maternal nutrition has a definite effect on fetal growth rate yet pregnancy at 10000 feet has an effect 3 times greater than starvation; 6) hypertension and preeclampic toxemia retard fetal growth rate in some cases; 7) drugs administered to women can influence the fetus; 8) smoking retards fetal growth and parity enhances it; 9) individual fetuses in multiple litters are slow-grown; 10) male fetuses grow faster than female; 11) malformation of the fetus is associated with deviant growth rate; and 12) humoral runting can occur in man. Perinatal mortality is enhanced at both extremes of fetal growth rate: also intrapartum mortality relates to the length of gestation. Methods of assessing fetal well-being and maturity are described. When the developing brain is injured by such events as hypoxia or hypoglycemia the immediate effect is often all or none; thus 2 distinct populations ar generated which can only be distinguished 1 from the other by the prospective collection of detailed biographies. Large studies working towards global measures of developmental attainment may be less fruitful than smaller studies made in depth. Small for dates (sfd) neonates do not form a homogenous sample and their diversity is likely to reflect the timing intensity and duration of the donstraining factors operating in each individual case. Attempts to differentiate the varying types of SFD neonate have so far failed and only global data are reported. A preliminary investigation of patterns of SFD and large-for-date (LFD) children in a series ascertained by the authors at birth is presented. This study based on 1 examination of each child at varying ages between 1-5 years can only provide guide lines for future research. In th population under study that of English women or reproductive age during the period 1960-70 the level of health and physique is well agbove the national average. In this time period among these women stillbirths fell by 30.3% from 14.5-8.8/1000 births while the neonatal death rate in the same period was reduced from 12.6-8.8/100/. Neonatal hypoglycemia a major hazard to the brains of SFD infants has virtually disappeared.
Differentiated Instruction: The Effect on Learner’s Achievement in Kindergarten

Identifying an effective instructional strategy to help diverse learners reach their full potentials is a goal for educators. Differentiated instruction has received much attention as a possible strategy. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to examine the effect of incorporating differentiated instructional practices on students’ achievement in the kindergarten classes. In this action research, the researcher sought to answer the following research question: Does incorporating differentiated instructional practices leads to significant increase in students’ achievement in the kindergarten classes? Two kindergarten classes with 38 students and 2 teachers participated in the study; one was assigned to an experimental group who received differentiated instructional strategies for 3 weeks and the other one to the control group who received traditional teaching practices. Data was collected, analyzed and compared using SPSS and independent sample t-test. Results revealed that there was no significant difference in student achievement results between the differentiated and non-differentiated classrooms. Findings of this study highlight the necessity for further explorations on the effect of differentiated instructional practices on achievement results in the kindergarten classrooms.
A Mixed Methods Research Strategy to Study Children’s Play and Urban Physical Environments in Dhaka

Mixed methods research (MMR) is useful for addressing complex and multidisciplinary urban problems. This article demonstrates an integrated MMR approach with a novel two-phase exploratory sequential design while studying play, play space, and children’s (age 7-15 years) location preference for play in three residential areas in Dhaka. We used directly administered survey and interviews in the first phase to describe play and play space from children’s perspective. Informed by the first, we employed GIS-based spatial and statistical analysis in the second phase to study patterns of children’s location preference for play. Our article contributes to the methodological literature by combining MMR with urban spatial analysis in children’s play environment studies.
Are gamers better at anticipatory responding and anticipatory response inhibition

Response inhibition is an executive modulating ability that supresses responses that are no longer relevant or required. The role of inhibition has been extensively examined in literature that proposes the notion that pathological gamers are comparable to those who suffer from other behavioural addictions such as substance abuse and gambling. This pathological framework argues that pathological gamers have underlying components of impulsivity and reduced inhibitory ability. On the other hand, there is an approach, defined as the adaptive framework, that argues response inhibition can be learned and improved like other cognitive abilities such and working memory and processing speeds. This thesis investigated the gaming-inhibition dyad to determine if the results would fit the pathological or the adaptive framework. Thirty-nine participants aged 19-69 (M=28.80, SD=13.80, 13 females) completed Dickman’s (1990) impulsivity inventory and a questionnaire measuring their gaming experience A novel, gamified anticipatory response inhibition stop-signal task, “ARI’s staff”, was developed to investigate participants stop-signal reaction times (SSRT). The results revealed a negative correlation between SSRT and videogame experience, implying that those with more game experience had faster inhibitory abilities. Furthermore, those with more gaming experience also responded more precisely. Impulsive underpinnings as a possible mediator for the gaming-inhibition was not found. The findings here predominantly support the adaptive framework; however, it is cautioned that the postulates of the pathological framework not be entirely dismissed.
The identification and validation of Auger electron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals targeting telomerase for cancer therapy

Telomerase is expressed in the majority (>85%) of tumours but not in differentiated normal tissue. This enzyme catalyses the elongation of telomeres – a process critical for continued cell proliferation. Telomerase is a potential novel target for molecularly-targeted radiotherapy (mRT), due to its nuclear localization and expression profile. The radiolabelling of telomerase inhibitors may accelerate and enhance the cytotoxicity of such molecules, as a result of irradiation of the DNA. An oligonucleotide targeting telomerase RNA (hTR), shown to inhibit enzyme activity in vitro , was selected for study. Complementary and non-targeting control oligonucleotides were conjugated to a metal chelator (DTPA) to allow radiolabelling with indium-111. The radioiodination of MST-312, BIBR-1532 and flavonoid-derived small molecule inhibitors of telomerase was also pursued. The inhibitory activity of the candidate molecules was analysed using the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP). The internalization of inhibitors was assessed by gamma-counting following cell lysis. The clonogenic assay was employed to measure the effect of modified inhibitors on cell survival. Small molecule telomerase inhibitors were modified for labelling with iodine-123, which led to a modest decrease in inhibitory potency, compared to the parent molecules. Radiolabelled small molecules exhibited poor stability and internalization into cancer cells, so were unsuitable for mRT. Modified oligonucleotides potently inhibited telomerase activity, whereas a non-targeting oligonucleotide exhibited no inhibitory activity. Indium-111 radiolabelled oligonucleotides decreased the clonogenic survival of telomerase-positive breast cancer cells but not telomerase-negative cells, in a sequence-specific manner. Accordingly, complementary radiolabelled oligonucleotides were found to induce the DNA damage marker γH2AX. Oligonucleotides localized to nuclear Cajal bodies, the sites of telomerase assembly, in a proportion of cancer cells. Telomerase inhibitors of different classes were radiolabelled with Auger electron-emitting radionuclides, and delivered to cells. Radiolabelled oligonucleotides targeting telomerase significantly reduced the clonogenicity of cancer cells in vitro . This study represents a novel approach for the mRT of telomerase-positive cancers.
Nutrition to Promote Recovery from Exercise

• Recovery from strenuous daily training or competition is improved when athletes consume a high-carbohydrate diet. The most important effect of such a diet is to maximize the stores of glycogen in the muscles. Roughly 10 g carbohydrate per kg body weight should be sufficient to replenish glycogen stores after a tough training session. • Recovery of muscle glycogen can be achieved in 24 h when sufficient dietary carbohydrate is ingested. • Carbohydrate should be consumed immediately after exercise and thereafter at 30-min intervals for about 5 hours. This “early recovery” diet should provide the equivalent of 1-1.2 g of carbohydrate per kg body weight each hour. • Restoration of muscle glycogen stores may take longer when exercise causes muscle damage and soreness. • Rehydration after exercise is optimized when athletes ingest a volume of fluid (a sports drink with sufficient electrolytes is better than water) equivalent to 150% of the body weight deficit.
Overflow behavior in queues with many long-tailed inputs

We consider a fluid queue fed by the superposition of n homogeneous on-off sources with generally distributed on and off periods. The buffer space B and link rate C are scaled by n, so that we get nb and nc, respectively. Then we let n grow large. In this regime, the overflow probability decays exponentially in the number of sources n. We specifically examine the scenario where b is also large. We obtain explicit asymptotics for the case where the on periods have a subexponential distribution, e.g., Pareto, Lognormal, or Weibull. The results show a sharp dichotomy in the qualitative behavior, depending on the shape of the function v(t) := - logP(A* > t) for large t, A* representing the residual on period. If v(.) is regularly varying of index 0 (e.g., Pareto, Lognormal), then, during the path to overflow, the input rate will only slightly exceed the link rate. Consequently, the buffer will fill ‘slowly’, and the typical time to overflow will be ‘more than linear’ in the buffer size. In contrast, if v(.) is regularly varying of index strictly between 0 and 1 (e.g., Weibull), then the input rate will significantly exceed the link rate, and the time to overflow is roughly proportional to the buffer size. In both cases there is a substantial fraction of the sources that remain in the on state during the entire path to overflow, while the others contribute at their mean rates. These observations lead to approximations for the overflow probability. The approximations may be extended to the case of heterogeneous sources. The results provide further insight into the so-called reduced-load approximation.
Quality of Service at the ICT Centre of a Ghanaian University-Part 1: The Survey

This study assesses the quality of service at the ICT Centre in the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, from the students' perspective. A survey methodology was used and a modified SERVQUAL questionnaire was adopted to explore students' expectations and perceived service levels along a five-point likert scale. One hundred and five copies of the questionnaire were administered and 93 responses obtained. The results showed that the students rated the overall service quality of the ICT Centre as average. The students were satisfied with the Centre staff being competent in their delivery and in responding to students' questions. They were also satisfied with the Centre staff giving them personal attention. Factors identified as influencing service quality were found in the inability of staff to give prompt service to students, to fulfill promises to students and to tell students when services were to be performed. Lack of up-to-date hardware and software was also a weakness. A major issue unsatisfactory to the students was the unreliability of their Internet services; the bandwidth allocated was small. The study has been reported in two parts; the details of the survey have been reported in Part 1, i.e., this study; and Part 2 summarizes, discusses and analyses the survey report.
Implementing Punishment In Building Characters of Students at Pondok Pesantren DDI Mangkoso

AbstractThis research discusses implying punishment by teachers as an effort of character building for students such as honesty, discipline, and responsibility at Pondok Pesantren DDI Mangkoso with three focus problems, namely: 1) the form of the implementation of punishment in building characters of students; 2) the variety of obstacles to the implementation of punishment in building characters of the students and their solutions, and 3) the results of the implementation of punishment in building characters of students. This research was qualitative research by using pedagogy, psychology, juridical, and theological normative approaches. Sources of data have consisted of various level ages of respondents at the pesantren such as chairman, teachers, students, and students’ parents. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Result of this research shows that forms of punishment consist of admonition, assigning assignments, psychic, and physical chastisement. Obstacles in applying the punishment are Child Protection Acts, environmental problems, and teacher’s creativities. Furthermore, a physical chastisement will be more optimum in students’ character building if it is supported collaboration between teachers and student’s parents.Abstrak Penelitian ini menganalisis penerapan hukuman oleh guru sebagai upaya pembinaan karakter jujur, disiplin, dan tanggung jawab santri pada Pondok Pesantren DDI Mangkoso, dengan tiga fokus masalah, yaitu: 1) bentuk penerapan hukuman dalam pembinaan karakter santri; 2) ragam hambatan penerapan hukuman dalam pembinaan karakter santri beserta solusinya, dan 3) hasil penerapan hukuman dalam pembinaan karakter santri. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan pedagogik, psikologis, yuridis, dan normatif teologis. Sumber data terdiri atas informan-informan dari berbagai unsur Pondok Pesantren DDI Mangkoso, yaitu: pimpinan, guru, santri, dan orang tua santri. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk hukuman yang diterapkan adalah teguran, pemberian tugas, hukuman psikis, dan hukuman fisik; hambatan-hambatannya adalah Undang-undang Perlindungan Anak, problem lingkungan, dan kreativitas guru; dan hukuman fisik lebih optimal dalam pembinaan karakter santri bila didukung oleh kerja sama yang baik dengan orang tua santri.
Previous Musical Experience and Cortical Thickness Relate to the Beneficial Effect of Motor Synchronization on Auditory Function

Auditory processing can be enhanced by motor system activity. During auditory-motor synchronization, motor activity guides auditory attention and thus facilitates auditory processing through active sensing. Previous research on enhanced auditory processing through motor synchronization has been limited to easy tasks with simple stimulus material. Further, the mechanisms and brain regions underlying this synchronization are unclear. We investigated the effect of motor synchronization on auditory processing with naturalistic, musical auditory material in a discrimination task. We further assessed how previous musical training and cortical thickness of specific brain regions relate to different aspects of auditory-motor synchronization. We conducted an auditory-motor experiment in 139 adults. The task involved melody discrimination and beat tapping synchronization. Additionally, 68 participants underwent structural MRI. We found that individuals with better auditory-motor synchronization accuracy showed improved melody discrimination, and that melody discrimination was better in trials with higher tapping accuracy. However, melody discrimination was worse in the tapping than in the listening only condition. Longer previous musical training and thicker Heschl’s gyri were associated with better melody discrimination and better tapping synchrony. Post hoc analyses furthermore pointed to a possible moderating role of frontal regions. Our results suggest that motor synchronization can enhance auditory discrimination abilities through active sensing, but that this beneficial effect can be counteracted by dual-task inference when the two tasks are too challenging. Moreover, prior experience and structural brain differences influence the extent to which an individual can benefit from motor synchronization in complex listening. This could inform future research directed at development of personalized training programs for hearing ability.
Developmental Expression of Mutant PFN1 in Motor Neurons Impacts Neuronal Growth and Motor Performance of Young and Adult Mice

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease with limited treatment and no cure. Mutations in profilin 1 were identified as a cause of familial ALS (fALS) in 2012. We investigated the functional impact of mutant profilin 1 expression in spinal cords during mouse development. We developed a novel mouse model with the expression of profilin 1 C71G under the control of the Hb9 promoter, targeting expression to α-motor neurons in the spinal cord during development. Embryos of transgenic mice showed evidence of a significant reduction of brachial nerve diameter and a loss of Mendelian inheritance. Despite the lack of transgene expression, adult mice presented with significant motor deficits. Transgenic mice had a significant reduction in the number of motor neurons in the spinal cord. Further analysis of these motor neurons in aged transgenic mice revealed reduced levels of TDP-43 and ChAT expression. Although profilin 1 C71G was only expressed during development, adult mice presented with some ALS-associated pathology and motor symptoms. This study highlights the effect of profilin 1 during neurodevelopment and the impact that this may have in later ALS.