Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Lamivudine and Zidovudine by RP-HPLC

A new, accurate, rapid and effective isocratic reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method was developed, optimized and validated for the estimation of Lamivudine (LAM) and Zidovudine (ZID) in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The drugs were estimated using Shiseido C18 (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size) column. A mobile phase composed of phosphate buffer (pH 3) and ACN in the ratio of 70:30, v/v at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min was used for the separation. Detection was carried out at 228 nm. The linearity range used was 7.5-22. 5μg/ml for LAM and 15-45μg/ml for ZID with retention times (Rt) of 2.512 min and 3.721 min for LAM and ZID respectively. The correlation coefficient values were found to be 0.999. Precession studies showed %RSD values less than 2% for both the drugs in all the selected concentrations. The percentage recoveries of LAM and ZID were found to be 99.06% and 99.88% respectively. The assay results of LAM and ZID were within the limits of 98-102%. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.1ng/ml and 0. 1μg/ml for LAM and 0. 1μg/ml and 0. 5μg/ml for ZID respectively. The method was validated as per the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The developed method was successfully used for the quantitative analysis of commercially available dosage form.
Enhanced False Positive Reduction of Lung Nodule Using Pixel Based Machine Learning and Fuzzy Min-Max Neural Network

Cancer is a standout amongst the most genuine wellbeing issue on the planet. The death rate of lung cancer disease is the most astounding among every other kind of tumor. Survival from lung disease is specifically identified with its development at its discovery time. Early recognition of lung malignancy is the most encouraging approach to upgrade quiet risk for survival. In this paper, the Computerized tomography (CT) is taken as data since it is utilized to conclusion condition influencing the mid-section its substance and close-by structure. In first stage, Image Pre-preprocessing from CT pictures is performed to improve picture quality and evacuate commotion. In second stage Pixel Based Machine Learning (PML) is a procedure which utilizes “pixel” in pictures specifically rather than components figured from portioned article and it is mostly used to characterize the injuries whether it’s benevolent or maligant.In third stage Fuzzy Min-max Neural Network is used to reduce False Positive Reduction Scheme.
Investigation and parallel implementation of multiple sequence alignment using graphics processing unit (GPU)

The multiple sequence alignments in bioinformatics is a basic and essential action. In order to predict secondary and tertiary structure of the proteins, it is necessary to implement multiple alignment action. Since the number of biological sequences is very high, the desired results cannot be achieved through conventional solutions in an acceptable period of time. For this purpose, algorithms that are examined for alignment are implemented in parallel. Among the various methods of parallelism, the use of hardware of graphics processing unit due to its low cost has been under the focus of attentions. One of the best heuristic algorithms that are used for multiple alignment is T-Coffee algorithm. Despite the high computational accuracy, this algorithm has also high time complexity. To improve time complexity of this algorithm, G-MSA algorithm is used. In this algorithm, the T-Coffee algorithm is implemented using the GPU for parallel, thus the results are significantly improved.
A Dual Two-Level Inverter Fed Open-End Winding Scheme with Space Vector PWM

Dual Two-Level Inverter fed Open-end Winding AC Drive is an emerging Multilevel Inverter Topology which is implemented by cascading two standard Three-phase inverters with a six-wire open-end load in between them. Space Vector PWM Technique is implemented considering its various advantages and is selected as a good-performing control strategy to control the dual-inverter. Dual Inverter is equivalent to a Three-level Three-phase converter which produces space vector locations, identical to those of a conventional 3-level inverter. It is well suited for automotive applications in which splitting the batteries bank is possible. The conventional Topology used was Three-Level Neutral Point Clamped Inverter fed Induction Motor Drive with various drawbacks. A new Three-level inverter configuration termed as Dual Two-Level Inverter fed Open-End Winding scheme is introduced. Simulation of a Dual Two-Level Inverter fed Induction motor is done in MATLAB and outputs obtained are verified.
An Automatic Vehicle Type Classification and Counting based on Deep Learning in Traffic Environment

---A model for automatic vehicle type classification and counting based on deep learning is proposed to handle complex traffic scene. This model covers of parts, vehicle detection model and vehicle detection and classification and counting model.Faster R-CNN method is implemented in vehicle detection model to extract vehicle images from an image with disorder background which may contains numerousvehicles. In vehicle classification model, an image contains only one vehicle is fed into a CNN model to produce a feature, then a Non negative matrix factorization is used to implement the classification process. Experiments show that vehicle’s detection and classification from traffic scenes can be recognized effectively by using our method. Furthermore, in order to build a large scale database easier, this paper comes up with a novel network collaborative annotation mechanism using iterative refinement in region proposal network
PERSPECTIVES OF PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS ON ZOOM AS A TRANSFORMATIVE TEACHING METHODOLOGY

In the Bachelor of Education (BEd) Programme at the University of Trinidad and Tobago, prospective teachers are exposed to ‘zoom’ classes. This study investigated the perspectives of full-time and part-time prospective teachers with regard to classes conducted via web conferencing, with particular reference to zoom. It examined students’ views on the merits and demerits of the use of zoom by instructors. A mixed-method design was utilized as the appropriate design to determine prospective teachers’ viewpoints and beliefs, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of classes conducted via zoom. Data were gathered using an online survey, semi-structured interviews with focus groups and reflective posts on Canvas. Data analysis included a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. The results indicated that most prospective teachers prefer a combination of zoom and face-to-face classes, while some have a preference for face-to-face classes only. Others prefer face-to-face classes together with an integration of different aspects of technology. Some participants lamented about their personal levels of proficiency with web conferencing. The merits and demerits were equitable, based on the maturity of the prospective teachers when the opinions of full-time and part-time students were considered. The conclusions were that zoom classes were satisfying for some prospective teachers whereas others perceived them as convenient and ‘a line of least resistance’. The findings have implications for the quality of classes conducted solely via ‘zoom’ on a consistent basis.
A Novel Approach for Smart Shopping Using Clustering-Based Collaborative Filtering

- In today's fast developing Internet technology era, e-commerce is taking more and more market share from physical stores. With this development the user is overwhelmed by the huge amount of choices that are provided for searching item and the information overloading problem has been at its peak. This is when Recommendation System comes in handy, which is the system that produces individualized recommendations by searching through the large volume of dynamically generated information to provide users with personalized possible options based on certain reference characteristics. But data become too big to handle and process effectively by traditional approaches. So, to attenuate the impact of dense data, a clustering based collaborative filtering algorithm using user interest information is proposed in this paper. This method aims at recruiting similar data in the same cluster to recommend an item & personalized services for users collaboratively
A NOVEL OPTIMAL ROUTING PROTOCOL WITH IMPLEMENTATION OF M/M/1 QUEUING MODEL

Routing data packets in an effective way from source node to destination node is an important phase in the management of network. The efficiency of the routing depends on many factors such as service time, transmission time, waiting time, shortest and feasible path etc. An Optimal Routing Protocol along with M/M/1 queue is proposed in this paper, which combines the feature of shortest path and the waiting time of the packets, to choose the best path for the transmission. In Phase I, multiple possible paths from source to the destination are found out by implementing Breadth First Search Algorithm (BFS). Using BFS algorithm, all paths from source to destination are identified and cost for traversing each path is calculated. In Phase II, each link can be considered as M/M/1 queuing model and the total waiting time is calculated for every path. Total cost of the path is then, the Cost of the chosen path * Total waiting time of the path. Path corresponding to the least total cost is considered for routing. In case of the link failure or congestion in the chosen path, next path with least total cost becomes the best path and considered for routing.
3d Blind Direction Of Arrival Estimation Algorithm for Smart Antenna

- Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation is an important signal parameter in smart antenna. DOA is used to track & determine the desired signal location. In practice only two dimensional DOA are measured, a collection of them can be used to reconstruct the three dimensional characteristics of an array. In this article, a three-dimensional (3D) array antenna is investigated and implemented on Mat lab. Different types of 3D array antenna can formed & scan any space through choosing different antenna elements. This paper introduces a direction of arrival function of 3D array antenna and simulations. A new type of estimation algorithm is proposed for the azimuth and elevation angle estimation problem. This is proposed by rotating electronically the array plane with a small angle.
An Overview on Message Authentication Scheme in Wireless Sensor Network

: Wireless Sensor Network consists of a large number of sensor nodes. Each sensor node knows its location in the sensor domain and is capable of communicating with its neighbouring nodes directly using geographic routing.Message authentication plays a prominent role in thwarting unauthorized and corrupted messages from being forwarded in networks to save the sensor energy. Many authentication schemes have been developed to provide message authenticity and integrity verification for wireless sensor networks. Many of these schemes are based on either symmetric-key cryptosystems or public-key cryptosystems. Many of them, however, have the restrictions of high computational and communication overhead in addition to lack of scalability and resilience to node compromise attacks.Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are being very popular day by day, however one of the main concern in WSN is its limited resources. One have to look to the resources to generate Message Authentication Code (MAC) keeping in mind the feasibility of method used for the sensor network at hand. This paper investigates different cryptographic approaches such as symmetric key cryptography and asymmetric key cryptography.
IN VITRO CHARACTERIZATION AND SAFETY OF THE PROBIOTIC STRAIN LACTOBACILLUS REUTERI CARDIOVIVA NCIMB 30242

In-vitro characterization and safety evaluations were performed for Lactobacillus reuteri cardioviva NCIMB 30242 using molecular and metabolic analysis techniques to investigate the safety of the strain for human consumption. First, the identity of the strain was confirmed using a combination of metabolic profiling and 16s rDNA sequencing techniques. The genome of the strain was sequenced by a shotgun sequencing strategy and annotated using RAST software. Results show that the strain does not have antimicrobial resistance genes or other virulence factors uncommon to other probiotic Lactobacilli or associated with mobile genetic elements. This genetic analysis was further confirmed by phenotypic testing. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a panel of antibiotics showed that this strain is susceptible to the 8 antibiotics tested. The ability of the strain to produce potentially harmful by-products and antimicrobial compounds was also tested. Results show that the strain does not produce biogenic amines above the detection limits for plate screening and HPLC based methods. In addition, the strain was shown to produce lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide and did not show bacteriocin activity or reuterin production. These results confirm that Lactobacillus reuteri cardioviva NCIMB 30242 is a safe probiotic strain; however, in vivo validation is required.
Computational identification of microRNAs and their targets from the expressed sequence tags of Lentil ( Lens culinaris )

miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression either by causing mRNA cleavage or by translational repression in plants and animals, respectively. Although various Experimental approaches are time consuming and expensive techniques to detect miRNAs in plants but comparative genomics complemented with novel bioinformatic tools cover the way for efficient and cost effective identification of miRNAs through homologous sequence search with previously known miRNAs. In this study, using in silico computer-based approaches for identifying miRNAs and their target genes based on a sequence homology search, total 12 novel miRNAs with 73 potential targets belonging to seven miRNA families from 10,190 EST sequences of lentil using in silico approach. To our knowledge, this is the first report on lcu-miR141, lcu-miR5658, lcu-miR7534, lcu-miR6167, lcu-miR396e, lcu-miR414, lcu-miR10186a, lcu-miR395i, lcu-miR1086b, lcu-miR1522, lcu-miR781a & lcu-miR395e in lentil. 73 potential mRNA targets were also identified by homology searches using psRNATarget server. Most of the lentil miRNA target genes seem to encode transcription factors as well as genes involved in stress response, metabolism, plant growth and development. These findings will contribute to further research in regard to functions and regulatory mechanisms of lentil miRNAs indicating that the EST analysis is an efficient and affordable alternative approach for identifying novel miRNA.
International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology

Social network has become a very general way for internet users to connect and interact online. Users spend sufficiently of time on famous social networks (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, Sina Weibo, etc.), reading news, discussing events and posting messages. Unfortunately, this popularity also attracts a significant amount of spammers who continuously expose malicious behaviour (e.g., post messages containing commercial URLs, following a larger amount of users, etc.), foremost to great misinterpretation and inconvenience on users' social activities. In this paper, a supervised machine learning based solution is proposed for an effective spam detection.
FUZZY LOGIC BASED OPTICAL DISC LOCALIZATION AND DETECTION OF STEREOSCOPIC RETINAL IMAGES IN NROI

Glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and macular degeneration can be identified by segmenting retinal blood vessels. Glaucoma is most frequent and has serious ocular consequences that can even lead to blindness within these diseases. Intraocular pressure measurement, optic nerve head evaluation, retinal nerve fiber layer and visual field defects are the diagnostic criteria for glaucoma include This form of blood vessel segmentation helps in early detection for ophthalmic diseases, and potentially reduces the risk of blindness. The low-contrast and streoscopic retinal images cannot be used for extraction of blood vessels owing to narrow blood vessels. This present work proposes an algorithm for segmentation of blood vessels from low-contrast; streoscopic retinal images, and compares the results between expert ophthalmologists’ hand-drawn ground-truths and segmented image (i.e. the output of the present work). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and accuracy are used to evaluate overall performance. It is found that this work segments blood vessels successfully with sensitivity, specificity, PPV, PLR and accuracy of 99.62%, 54.66%, 95.08%, 219.72 and 95.03%, respectively and for the de-noised filtered image the values are 99.56%,50.97%, 94.70%,203.08%,94.60% respectively.
Performance Evaluation Comparison of Primary User Signal Detection Methods for Cognitive Radio System

: Utilization of electromagnetic radiofrequency spectrum with efficient way, we required to check the spectrum to determine whether it is being used by primary user (PU) or not. Research shows that the available spectrum is not utilized efficiently. The term cognitive radio (CR) refers to the adoption of radio parameters using the sensed information of the spectrum. Cognitive radio is the way to improve the efficiency of the radio spectrum utilization, which is achieved by CR, finds unused spectrum and allocate to secondary user without interfering to PU. The focus of this paper is on the comparative study of an important spectrum sensing detection methods. In this paper, we have considered four spectrum sensing techniques of transmitter detection: Matched filter detection, Energy detection, and Cyclostationary feature detection and Maximum eigenvalue to minimum eigenvalue ratio detector. Comparative analysis of the four techniques has been carried out in terms of probability of false alarm Pf, probability of detection alarm P d , and probability of miss detection P m . Finally by simulation result, the graphical comparison shows that at low signal to noise ratio (SNR), cyclostationary feature detection outperforms other two techniques, thus Cyclostationary have some difficulties like implementation is complex, long observation time, maximum eigenvalue to minimum eigenvalue ration detector methods overcome noise level variation difficulty, and also have the advantages of energy detection method
Antimicrobial Effect and Immunomodulation of Atorvastatin

Objectives: Epidemiological studies of statins have suggested a link between statin therapy and a decreased risk of bacterial infection. It has been proposed that the mechanism underlying this protective effect of statins relates to their known immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study is to explore the antibacterial effect of atorvastatin, and its immunomodulation effect on tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNF α, and C reactive protein, CRP. Method: 20 serum samples were collected from patients who were under therapy with Atorvastatin for more than three months and 10 serum samples from control group who do not administer any statins. The serum samples were analyzed for TNF α quantitatively using ELISA kit and CRP semi quantitatively by agglutination kit. The antibacterial effect was tested against five clinical isolates for each of E. coli, S. aureus, Proteus sp. , and Bacillus sp. Results: the concentration of TNF α and CRP were significantly decreased than the control group. Atorvastatin showed significant antibacterial effect against the tested bacterial isolates compared to that of the control except for Proteus sp. in addition to its effect on lipids profile. Conclusion: Atorvastatin shows antibacterial effect & reduces serum concentrations of TNF α & CRP, but still future studies are recommended to elucidate mechanism (s) by which atorvastatin is inducing its antibacterial effects. [Sahar M.R. Radwan and Omnia Ezzat. Antimicrobial effect and immunomodulation of Atorvastatin. J Am Sci 2012;8(9):1012-1016]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience. org. 140
Determination of Total Antioxidant Capacity of Some Synthetic Antioxidants by a New Polarographic Method Based on Cerium (IV) Reducing Capacity Measurement

Reactive species, both of endogenous and exogenous origins are a continuous threat to human health and well-being. The mitochondrial electron transfer process associated with Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production generates free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aerobic life via donation of electron to molecular oxygen, leading to unstable intermediates which directly or indirectly cause oxidative damage to biological systems (Turrens, 2003). This phenomenon is unavoidable since the body cells indispensably require ATP for their continuous existence and functions. Moreover, autooxidation of foods rich in fats also leads to release of free radicals during storage [1-3]. Indeed, it has been reported that a rancid taste becomes noticeable when the peroxide value of stored food products is between 20 40 milli equivalent/kg [3]. Regular consumption of such foods contribute immensely to exposure of humans to free radical attack which is capable of directly inflicting damage on biomolecules (particularly lipids, proteins and DNA) or initiate chain reactions in which reactive oxygen species are passed from one molecule to another, resulting in extensive damage to cell structures and functions [4]. Abstract
Evaluation of Nutritional Status and Its Relationship to Academic Achievement among University Students

The development of any nation or community depends largely on the quality of education of such a nation. It is generally believed that the basis for any true development must commence with the development of human resources. It has been argued that health is an important factor for academic achievement at school and in higher education. Consequently, in the context of universities or colleges, promoting the health and well-being of all members means promoting effective learning. Understanding the nature of the causal relationship between health and education is important to determine the exact relation between them. The present study was undertaken to study the relationship of academic achievement with the nutritional status of university students. Samples of 150 students enrolled in Taif University, Faculty of Design and Home Economics, Nutrition and Food Science Department were taken. Objectives of the study were to evaluate the food intake of university students with energy, carbohydrates, proteins and fats, to find out relation between socioeconomic status and academic achievement of university students, to find out the anthropometric measurements like weight and height, to find out dietary assessment by using a 7 day dietary recall to find out relation between food intake and anthropometric measurements, to assess the nutritional status of university students, to find out the effect of nutritional status and anthropometric measurements on academic achievement of university students. [Dalia A. Hafez, Garsa A. AL Shehry, Huda A. AL Jumayi and Eman H. AL Garni. Evaluation of Nutritional Status and Its Relationship to Academic Achievement among University Students. J Am Sci 2015;11(3):34-41]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience. org. 6