Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nano-poussières carbonées dans les disques protoplanétaires

Cette these s’interesse aux signatures spectroscopiques des nano-particules carbonees dans l’infrarouge proche et moyen dans les disques protoplanetaires. Ces signatures sont largement observees dans le milieu interstellaire et les galaxies et representent ainsi un outil essentiel pour etudier les conditions physiques qui y regnent. Notamment, leur etude dans les environnements circumstellaires d’etoiles de type Herbig contribue a notre connaissance de la formation des systemes planetaires et du cycle de la matiere dans la Voie lactee. Meme si la poussiere ne represente qu’un faible pourcentage de la matiere galactique, elle est essentielle dans la formation d’especes chimiques complexes, le chauffage photo-electrique du gaz, la balance energetique ou ladynamique des structures. Ainsi, elle participe directement a l’evolution des disques protoplanetaires.Ce travail s’appuie notamment sur les donnees d’observations spectroscopiques resolues spatialement obtenues avec l’instrument NaCo au VLT dans l’infrarouge proche entre 3 et 4 μm. Le modele THEMIS fournit un cadre d’interpretation pour les observations en proposant un modele physique de la poussiere dans lequel les proprietes optiques sont calculees en considerant la composition, la structureet la taille de populations de grains. THEMIS propose un scenario d’evolution de celle-ci au travers des differentes phases du milieu interstellaire.Les resultats obtenus montrent que des particules carbonees sub-nanometriques ayant une forte aromaticite sont presentes de maniere etendue et structureea la surface des disques protoplanetaires. Leur degre d’aromaticite augmente avec l’intensite du champ de rayonnement de l’etoile. De plus, l’observation de ces particules pres de l’etoile suggere leur renouvellement continu. La odelisation de l’emission de la poussiere dans les conditions des disques met enevidence les contributions des differentes populations selon la longueur d’onde et les conditions d’irradiation.Ce travail s’inscrit dans la preparation de la mission du James Webb Space Telescope qui permettra d’observer notamment les disques ptrotoplanetaires surune large gamme infrarouge (0.6-28 μm). Ce travail a egalement conduit a la production de deux articles, un publie et l’autre soumis dans la revue Astronomy & Astrophysics.
Global solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with multiplicative noise

In this thesis, we investigate existence and uniqueness of solutions to the stochastic nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLS), i.e. the NLS perturbed by a multiplicative noise. First, we present a fixed point argument based on deterministic and stochastic Strichartz estimates. In this way, we prove local existence and uniqueness of stochastically strong solutions of the stochastic NLS with nonlinear Gaussian noise for initial values in $L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)$ and $H^1(\mathbb{R}^d),$ respectively. Using a stochastic generalization of mass conservation, we show that the $L^2$-solution exists globally under an additional restriction of the noise. In the second part, we develop a general existence theory for global martingale solutions of the stochastic NLS with a saturated Gaussian multiplicative noise. The proof is based on a modified Galerkin approximation and a limit process due to the tightness of the approximated solutions. As an application, we get existence results for the stochastic defocusing and focusing NLS and fractional NLS on various geometries like bounded domains with Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions as well as compact Riemannian manifolds. The martingale solution constructed by the Galerkin method is not necessarily unique. For this reason, we independently show pathwise uniqueness of solutions to the stochastic NLS with linear conservative Gaussian noise. The proof works in special cases as 2D and 3D Riemannian manifolds and is based on spectrally localized Strichartz estimates. In the last chapter, we replace the Gaussian noise by a Poisson noise in the Marcus form and transfer the proof of existence of martingale solutions to this case.
Fuzzy Robust Constrained Control for Nonlinear Systems With Input Saturation and External Disturbances

This article proposes a high-order disturbance observer (HODO) and dynamic surface control (DSC) technique-based adaptive fuzzy control scheme for nonlinear systems subjected to input saturation and external time-varying disturbances. First, based on a Sigmoid function, the saturation input is tackled by utilizing a well-defined nonlinear smooth function. Furthermore, HODO and fuzzy logic systems are used to estimate the external disturbances and to handle the lumped unknown functions, respectively. Then, by using the backstepping method and DSC technique, a HODO-based adaptive fuzzy tracking control scheme is proposed for nonlinear systems with saturation nonlinearity, uncertainties, and external disturbances. The Lyapunov analysis method is used to prove that all signals in the entire system are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB). In addition, the tracking error converges to a compact set with a tunable error bound determined by some design parameters. Finally, a numerical simulation of two-stage chemical reactor shows the effectiveness of the developed tracking control strategy.
Uncertainty Quantification for Optimal Power Flow Problems

The need to de‐carbonize the current energy infrastructure, and the increasing integration of renewables pose a number of difficult control and optimization problems. Among those, the optimal power flow (OPF) problem—i.e., the task to minimize power system operation costs while maintaining technical and network limitations—is key for operational planning of power systems. The influx of inherently volatile renewable energy sources calls for methods that allow to consider stochasticity directly in the OPF problem. Here, we present recent results on uncertainty quantification for OPF problems. Modeling uncertainties as second‐order continuous random variables, we will show that the OPF problem subject to stochastic uncertainties can be posed as an infinite‐dimensional L2‐problem. A tractable reformulation thereof can be obtained using polynomial chaos expansion (PCE), under mild assumptions. We will show advantageous features of PCE for OPF subject to stochastic uncertainties. For example, multivariate non‐Gaussian uncertainties can be considered easily. Finally, we comment on recent progress on a Julia package for PCE.
A general effective approach to the synthesis of shaped beams for arbitrary fixed-geometry arrays

We propose a new approach to the mask-constrained synthesis of shaped beams through generic array antennas having arbitrary layouts and element patterns. The introduced general methodology allows casting the design problem as a finite number of Convex Programming optimizations and can generate different excitation solutions all fulfilling the required specifications. Numerical examples, including planar arrays and the full-wave synthesis of an aperiodic array, are provided in support of the given theory.
Methods of increasing the efficiency of the worm gear

This article describes the geometric features of the worm gear, the principle of operation and the theoretical basis for calculating the efficiency. A number of research works aimed at the development of new advanced techniques, both production and use of worm gear were analyzed. Based on the analyzed techniques, one was chosen and confirmed experimentally. Based on the performed researches and experiments, recommendations were developed to improve the efficiency of the worm gear type 2H-63.
60 GHz Wideband Low-Profile Circularly Polarized Patch Antenna With an Asymmetric Inset

This letter presents a low-profile wideband circularly polarized (CP) patch antenna with a single layer of dielectric. An asymmetric inset is incorporated in the antenna structure using two parallel slots, each containing a patch, with a length difference of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\frac{{{\boldsymbol {\lambda }_{\boldsymbol {eff}}}}}{4}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. The length difference leads to a 90° phase difference between the currents on the left- and the right-side patches, causing the antenna to radiate a CP wave. Additionally, a broad bandwidth is achieved because of the additional resonance point generated by a quarter-wave resonance from the asymmetric inset. The proposed antenna achieves a peak gain of 7.4 dBiC and fractional bandwidths of 17.2%, 15.1%, and 13.3%, respectively, for –10 dB <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{11}$</tex-math></inline-formula> bandwidth, 3 dB gain bandwidth, and axial-ratio bandwidth with a single-dielectric-layer structure.
The Influence of Synoptic-Scale Air Mass Conditions on Seasonal Precipitation Patterns over North Carolina

This paper characterizes the influence of synoptic-scale air mass conditions on the spatial and temporal patterns of precipitation in North Carolina over a 16-year period (2003–2018). National Center for Environmental Prediction Stage IV multi-sensor precipitation estimates were used to describe seasonal variations in precipitation in the context of prevailing air mass conditions classified using the spatial synoptic classification system. Spatial analyses identified significant clustering of high daily precipitation amounts distributed along the east side of the Appalachian Mountains and along the Coastal Plains. Significant and heterogeneous clustering was prevalent in summer months and tended to coincide with land cover boundaries and complex terrain. The summer months were dominated by maritime tropical air mass conditions, whereas dry moderate air mass conditions prevailed in the winter, spring, and fall. Between the three geographic regions of North Carolina, the highest precipitation amounts were received in western North Carolina during the winter and spring, and in eastern North Carolina in the summer and fall. Central North Carolina received the least amount of precipitation; however, there was substantial variability between regions due to prevailing air mass conditions. There was an observed shift toward warmer and more humid air mass conditions in the winter, spring, and fall months throughout the study period (2003–2018), indicating a shift toward air mass conditions conducive to higher daily average rain rates in North Carolina.
Intrinsic fundamental frequency of Amharic vowels

Intrinsic fundamental frequency (IF0) refers to the cross-linguistic tendency for high vowels to have a higher F0 than low vowels (Whalen and Levitt, 1995). IF0 is often thought to be a result of mechanical coupling, where tongue movement causes changes in the laryngeal structures, perturbing the F0. Ohala and Eukel (1987) propose that high vowels lead to increased vertical tension on the true vocal folds, which raises F0. In contrast, the tongue-compression hypothesis proposes that low vowels induce vocal fold slackening, which lowers F0 (Ewan, 1979). The purpose of the present study is to investigate the cause of IF0 by comparing high, mid, and low vowels in Amharic, using audio and EGG signals to measure F0 and contact quotient for different vowel heights. Amharic was chosen because it contrasts three heights of central vowels. The goals are to confirm that IF0 effects are found in Amharic and determine if voice quality changes further support either hypothesis. Discussion will focus on how F0 and contact quotient differ by vowel height, and whether the results support the tongue-pull hypothesis (where IF0 is driven by high tongue position), the tongue-compression hypothesis (where IF0 is driven by low-back tongue position), or both.Intrinsic fundamental frequency (IF0) refers to the cross-linguistic tendency for high vowels to have a higher F0 than low vowels (Whalen and Levitt, 1995). IF0 is often thought to be a result of mechanical coupling, where tongue movement causes changes in the laryngeal structures, perturbing the F0. Ohala and Eukel (1987) propose that high vowels lead to increased vertical tension on the true vocal folds, which raises F0. In contrast, the tongue-compression hypothesis proposes that low vowels induce vocal fold slackening, which lowers F0 (Ewan, 1979). The purpose of the present study is to investigate the cause of IF0 by comparing high, mid, and low vowels in Amharic, using audio and EGG signals to measure F0 and contact quotient for different vowel heights. Amharic was chosen because it contrasts three heights of central vowels. The goals are to confirm that IF0 effects are found in Amharic and determine if voice quality changes further support either hypothesis. Discussion will focus on how F0 and cont.
Computation of second-order directional stationary points for group sparse optimization

ABSTRACT We consider a nonconvex and nonsmooth group sparse optimization problem where the penalty function is the sum of compositions of a folded concave function and the vector norm for each group variable. We show that under some mild conditions a first-order directional stationary point is a strict local minimizer that fulfils the first-order growth condition, and a second-order directional stationary point is a strong local minimizer that fulfils the second-order growth condition. In order to compute second-order directional stationary points, we construct a twice continuously differentiable smoothing problem and show that any accumulation point of the sequence of second-order stationary points of the smoothing problem is a second-order directional stationary point of the original problem. We give numerical examples to illustrate how to compute a second-order directional stationary point by the smoothing method.
Signal inhomogeneity correction and performance evaluation apparatus

To correct the non-uniformity of the magnetic resonance (MR) image and a method for evaluating the performance of the non-uniformity correction. The contribution of both the transmitted field and the receiver sensitivity of the signal non-uniformity was quantified separately considered and a. As a result, their negative contributions can be completely corrected. Correction method can greatly improve the accuracy and precision of the MRI technique and can improve the detection sensitivity of the pathophysiological changes. Performance of the signal non-uniformity correction method and evaluated using the human body model and in vivo human experiments and brain was confirmed. Current methodologies can easily be adapted to correct the different imaging modalriti (modalities), for example, computed tomography, X- ray, ultrasound, and a signal strength generated in the transmission electron microscopic unevenness fact art.
Multiscale Superpixel Kernel-Based Low-Rank Representation for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Classification plays an important role in the field of hyperspectral image (HSI) remote sensing. In this letter, a novel multiscale superpixel kernel-based low-rank representation (MSKLRR) classifier is proposed for HSI classification. A multiscale superpixel segmentation method is first used to generate several homogeneous regions at different scales. Then, the multiscale superpixel spectral–spatial kernel (SSK) is generated using the radial basis function (RBF) kernel on the multiscale superpixels. Finally, the multiscale superpixel kernel is integrated into a low-rank representation (LRR) to generate the MSKLRR classifier for HSI classification. The experimental results with two widely used HSIs suggest an advantage of the proposed method over other classical classification methods.
Integral error representation of Hermite interpolating polynomials and related generalizations of Steffensen's inequality

Some representations of Steffensen’s inequality are obtained by using Hermite interpolating polynomials. The obtained representations are used to prove new generalizations of Steffensen’s inequality for n−convex functions and to give some bounds for integrals in these representations. Mathematics subject classification (2010): 26D15, 26A51.
Pinpoint the Flitting Fly

Albert Natian (Albert.Natian@gmail.com) has been a professor of mathematics at Los Angeles Valley College for over 30 years. A collector of sorts, he holds Masters degrees in Pure Math, Applied Math, Mathematical Finance and Physics. His interests include combinatorics, applied probability, classical and modern physics, and philosophy. The author enjoys mathematical puzzles, especially those involving probability. In his downtime he does conceptual pen and ink drawings (on display at MathAfterMath.Net) that involve patterns and objects in uncommon, even extreme, spatial relationships.
Microwave devices based on template-assisted NiFe nanowires: fabrication and characterization

Ferromagnetic nanowires have attracted extensive interest in the development of monolithic microwave integrated circuits for future microwave reciprocal and non-reciprocal devices. The aim of the present investigation is to explore the magnetization dynamics in NiFe nanowires using a field sweep ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) technique. We also fabricated microwave devices, such as phase shifters and notch filters, on these ferromagnetic nanowired (FMNW) substrates in microstrip transmission line geometry. 1D NiFe nanowires have been synthesized by a dc electrodeposition technique in anodic alumina oxide membranes. Detailed microstructural and magnetic properties of deposited nanowires were investigated. The FMR technique was used to study the dynamic properties in the frequency range from 15 to 25 GHz. The angular variation of resonance field yields the intrinsic parameters such as gyromagnetic ratio and effective field. The resonance field increases up to 7 kOe for changing the nanowire’s axis from parallel to perpendicular direction. The stop-band frequency can be modulated up to 30 GHz and phase shifter showed a differential phase shift of 80 deg cm−1 at higher frequency band with an external magnetic field of 5.3 kOe. It is observed that the superlative frequency which corresponds to the highest differential phase shift for NiFe nanowires improved considerably above 33 GHz.
Further Results on Fixed-Time Stabilization and Tracking Control of a Marine Surface Ship Subjected to Output Constraints

A stabilization control can be used to maintain the position and attitude of the ship, mooring manipulation, and tracking control can force ships to enter the preplanned route from any initial position and finally reach the destination along the route. In this article, both the prespecifiable fixed-time stabilization control and adaptive trajectory tracking control are considered for a kind of fully actuated ocean surface ship under output constraints. Barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) is utilized to remedy with the output limitation constraints. By combining the fixed-time control and switching techniques, and choosing the appropriate symmetric Lyapunov function, the control algorithm of fixed-time stabilization is designed guaranteeing that the closed-loop system state trajectories tend to zero in a fixed time and meanwhile not going beyond the preset operating range in the control process. The adaptive tracking control law is proposed by using the asymmetric BLF and adaptive control technologies. Under the adaptive controller, the output constraints are also achieved, and the tracking errors are adaptively converge to steady zero states, respectively, while keeping all the signals bounded in the control process. The simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented control methods.
The Effect of Controlling for Anxiety and Depression upon the Threshold for Pressure Pain in Three Comparison Groups

Objectives: A number of investigations have suggested that thresholds for pressure pain may be lowered in myofascial dysfunction syndromes, infibromyalgia, and in certain gastrointestinal disorders. We investigated the relationships between anxiety, depression and pressure pain thresholds in normal controls compared with two groups of patients with abdominal complaints, namely Crohn's disease and the syndrome of abdominal bloathing. Methods: Subjects meeting clinical criteria for one of the entry conditions completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and were examined at 3 musculoskeletal sites with a pressure algometer to determine pain thresholds. Results: Crohn's disease patients exhibited a significantly lower-than-normal threshold not seen with the bloating subjects. That remained true even after controlling for sex, weight, intensity of pain, anxiety, and depression, variables which showed little impact on thresholds. Females exhibited lower thresholds than males while body weight was direct.
Representing Mathematical Concepts Associated With Formulas Using Math Entity Cards

Representing Mathematical Concepts Associated With Formulas Using Math Entity Cards Abishai Dmello, M.S. Rochester Institute of Technology, 2019 Supervisor: Dr. Richard Zanibbi We introduce Math Entity Cards, a modified version of existing Entity Cards specifically tailored for Math Information Retrieval. Math Entity Cards help connect formulas to titles and description and make the navigation between formulas and text related to formulas, seamless. These cards are populated from a new knowledge base, created by extracting and combining formulas, titles and descriptions from three different sources, Wikidata, Wiktionary & ProofWiki. We demonstrate a novel approach of using entity cards for auto-complete by integrating our cards into a Math-Aware Search Interface: MathSeer. This helps create a new ecosystem for consuming information during formula editing and search. We design and conduct a human experiment, in a math information retrieval setting and find statistical evidence for the usefulness of individual card components.