Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrated effect on evolution of streamer dynamics under long-term repetitive sub-microsecond pulses in high-pressure nitrogen

Integrated effect and evolution of streamer dynamics were investigated under long-term repetitive sub-microsecond pulses (RMP) based on the pulse-sequence resolved electrical and optical measurements in 0.1–0.4 MPa nitrogen. New statistical methods were proposed for characterizing the discharge evolution process, including the repetitive working coefficient and the ‘sequence-phase-intensity-density’ diagram. A three-stage discharge evolution pattern is applicable for positive and negative RMP. A periodical feature of intermittent-mode corona discharges appears with increasing the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) under positive RMP, where the interval number increases and interval time gradually saturates with PRF. The breakdown occurs at high PRF following successive-mode corona discharges. The breakdown envelope curve consists of a rapidly falling stage followed by a saturation stage at low pressure or a rising stage at high pressure. Subsequent corona discharges are facilitated under negative RMP based on decrements in inception voltage and phase. Low-amplitude DC sweeping voltage and electric field nonuniformity illustrate dramatic and nonlinear influences on the evolution of streamer dynamics and breakdown characteristics under RMP. The integrated effects under long-term RMP in high-pressure nitrogen are not effectively supported by the traditional metastable-species-dominated mechanism and the uniform pre-ionization assumption in repetitively pulsed discharges. The space-charge-dominated memory effect mechanism is proposed based on the electron depletions at the voltage pulse front/tail and the effect of space charges on the spatial distribution of the electric field strength.
PRE-OPERATIVE PREDICTORS OF DIFFICULT LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY; COMPARISONS OF TWO SCORING SYSTEMS. A SINGLE CENTER PROSPECTIVE STUDY”

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy has evolved as the standard of care for the treatment of Gall Stone disease over the past decade. Several patient and procedure related factors have been implicated in setting of failure to complete the procedure by minimal invasive method and various scores have been developed to precisely predict a Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. AIMS: The present study was conducted to ascertain various patient related preoperative risk factors for conversion of laparoscopic Cholecystectomy to open method and to validate the Risk Score for conversion. SETTINGS & DESIGN: A total of 100 patients with diagnosis of Gall Stone Disease admitted to our surgical Unit between October 2011 and April 2013 were assessed for various pre-determined risk factors and were accordingly categorized into three levels of anticipated difficulty according to RSCLO and our new scoring system. The patients were then subjected to Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy by the same surgical team and the procedure was then graded as difficult or not according to the pre-defined criteria. The findings were analysed by appropriate statistical analysis. RESULTS: Presence of factors like Male sex, history of attacks of acute cholecystitis, increased GB wall thickness, presence of supra-umbilical abdominal scar, obesity and a contracted GB were associated with a significantly higher rate of conversion to open method. RSCLO was found to correlate better with the outcome in this setting than our New Scoring System. CONCLUSION: Several patient related factors may be helpful in predicting a Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy pre-operatively. RSCLO Scoring system may be useful as a pre-operative tool to predict intra-operative difficulty during LC.
Colorimetric Determination of Amoxicillin in Pure and some Pharmaceutical Formulations Via Reaction with Potassium Permanganate as Oxidant Reagent

We proposed two simple, rapid, and convenient spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of Amoxicillin in bulk and its pharmaceutical preparations. They are based on the measurement of the flame atomic emission of potassium ion (in first method) and colorimetric determination of the green colored solution for manganite ion at 610 nm formed after reaction of Amoxicillin with potassium permanganate as oxidant agent (in the second method) in basic medium. The working conditions of the methods were investigated and optimized. Beer's law plot showed a good correlation in the concentration range of 5-45 μg/ml. The detection limits and relative standared deviations were (2.573, 2.814 μg/ml) (2.137, 2.498) for the flame emission photometric method and (1.844, 2.016 μg/ml) (1.645,1.932) for colorimetric methods for capsules and suspensions respectively. The methods were successfully applied to the determination of Amoxicillin in capsules and suspensions, and the obtained results were in good agreement with the label claim. No interference was observed from the commonly encountered additives and expectancies.
Fullerene–1,4-dioxane adducts: a DFT study of the structural features and molecular properties

Abstract Using the PBE/3ζ density functional theory method, we have computationally studied fullerene–1,4-dioxane adducts, which were recently synthesized in sonochemical reaction of C60/C70 with ethylene glycol in the presence of NaOH. We have found the preference of the boat conformations of C60 and C70 adducts with 1,4-dioxane over the chair ones. Fullerene–dioxane adducts have the dipole moments of 2.5–3.0 D and band gaps narrower as compared with original C60/C70. Adducts ab-, cc1-, and cc2-C72H4O2 are revealed higher stability than their regioisomers. Herewith, cc-adducts have the lower mean polarizabilities that corresponds to the experimental observation of the cc-functionalization of the C70 fullerene core. All adducts have the nonzero anisotropies of polarizability higher than the values of starting C60 and C70. The lowest anisotropy corresponds to cc1-C72H4O2 that makes this compound promising for organic solar cells.
Mechanisms of Angiogenesis: Perspectives from Antiangiogenic Tumor Therapies

Abstract: Growth of solid tumors and cancer metastases is accompanied by inflammation-assisted remodeling of the tis-sue microenvironment that resembles the physiological process of wound healing. As a consequence, the non-malignant tumor stroma constitutes up to 85% of the tumor volume and is simply not just a passive bystander, but regulates tumor survival, growth and metastatic spread. The importance of the tumor vasculature was first recognized in 1971, when Judah Folkman suggested that neovascularization allows a tumor to exceed its dormant stage and grow beyond a size of 2 mm. This hypothesis was not fully appreciated until three decades later when the outbreak of angiogenesis research was fol-lowed by the first clinical applications of antiangiogenic drugs. Even though the antiangiogenesis paradigm is broadly ac-cepted, the clinical success of new drugs is limited. Different mechanisms of resistance to antiangiogenesis treatments have been proposed, like compensatory action of blood vessel growth factors, lower sensitivity of normalized vessels to the therapy or vessel growth by alternative modes of angiogenesis. In this review we will analyze the known mechanisms of neovascularization, including postnatal vasculogenesis, sprouting angiogenesis, intussusceptive angiogenesis, and loop-ing angiogenesis and their potential effects on tumor vascularization. We will also discuss how the current basic knowl-edge of angiogenic mechanisms translate into limited success of clinical trials utilizing antiangiogenic drugs.
Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Gummy Candies Enriched with Pineapple and Papaya Peel Powders

Currently, the production of minimally processed foods generates many by-products that are not optimally exploited. Pineapple and papaya peels dehydrated by circulating hot air and freeze drying, with different particle sizes, were used as powder ingredients to enrich gummy candies. Modifications in soluble solids (°Bx), pH, water activity (aw), color, instrumental texture, and sensory perception of the products were assessed regarding powder-free controls. The inclusion of 5 g/100g of each fruit peel powder resulted in candies with stable acidity, °Bx, aw, and pH. Freeze-dried peels with smaller particle size produced better physicochemical, sensory, instrumental texture, and color characteristics because the powders were easily and homogeneously distributed, reinforcing thus the structure of the gel, and producing better coloring.
Photochromic reactivity induced by electron distribution: active or inactive

Abstract Photochromic core structure, triangle terthiophene, is configured to the design of 2,3-Bis(2,5-dimethylthiophen)-5-methoxyphenylethynylthiophene (PT) and 2,3-Bis(2,5-dimethylthiophen)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-butadiene-1,1,4,4-tetracarbonitrile(MPT) and characterized by NMR and HRMS technology. The photochromic behavior is investigated in typical solvents. With PT in hexane, reversibly photochromic process is induced by alternative irradiation of UV and Visible light. The solution color of PT can be toggled between colorless and pink, forming a switch cycle. In chloroform, the photochromic wavelength moves to shorter wavelength side. For MPT, UV light induced photochromism is not observed. Due to the addition of tetracarbonitrile, its strong electron-withdrawing character significantly lowers the electron density on reactive carbon atoms in LUMO, which is one of the key elements to support the photoactive of photochromism. Therefore, the molecular configuration of electron distribution is important to the design of photochromic dyes.
Modification of Microencapsulate Protein Crude Extract Formula from Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis for Baby Biscuit

Modification of microencapsulate protein crude extract from Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis were conducted to get the best formula for baby biscuit application to offer a solution to malnutrition. Analysis method were carried out by the ultrasonic extraction for short and cheap lyses of phytoplankton biomasses; proximate test to determine protein concentration from phytoplankton crude extract and Spectroscopy Electron Micrograph (SEM) to show shape of microencapsulated. The result showed for the best microencapsulated composition were Formula 3 for Chlorella vulgaris and Formula 4 Spirulina platensis, while ratio maltodextrin and crude extract protein were 1.75:1 and 2:1 respectively. High protein concentration crude extract for Chlorella vulgaris addition was 47.45% DW, therefore Spirulina platensis addition was 78.025 % DW. Baby biscuit S.platensis addition was very potential application which average weight of mice in six week was 36.56 gram than C.vulgaris and control biscuit. Overall data showed that crude extract protein of S.platensis microencapsulate was the best material as ingredients in baby biscuit.
The shelf life of standardized sugarcane juice stored under refrigeration

Sugarcane juice is a highly acceptable drink in countries such as Brazil, Ondia and China. However, the unprocessed juice offers perfect conditions for the growth of microorganisms and enzymatic reactions, which dramatically limits its shelf life (Yusof et al., 2000; Mao et al., 2007). The browning reactions that contribute to the deterioration of juice are triggered by both enzymatic (polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase) and nonenzymatic mechanisms (Maillard reaction, caramelization, thermal degradation reactions and condensation of sugars) (Bucheli & Robson, 1994). Moreover, the impurities such as gums, waxes, ash, coloring substances and soil contribute to shorten the juice ́s shelf life (Panigrahi et al., 2018).
Organic Light‐Emitting Transistors: Advances and Perspectives

The rapid development of charge transporting and light‐emitting organic materials in the last decades has advanced device performance, highlighting the high potential of light‐emitting transistors (LETs). Demonstrated for the first time over 15 years ago, LETs have transformed from an optoelectronic curiosity to a serious competitor in the race for cheaper and more efficient displays, also showing promise for injection lasers. Thus, what is an LET, how does it work, and what are the current challenges for its integration into mainstream technologies? Herein, some light is shed on these questions. This work also provides the fundamental working principle of LETs, materials that have been used, and device physics and architectures involved in the progression of LET technology. The state‐of‐the‐art development of LETs is also explored as prospect avenues for the future of research and applications in this area.
Formulation and Evaluation of Natural Anti Candida albicans Ointment Containing Mango Leaf (Mangifera indica L.) Extract

Arumanis mango is one of plants potentially used as a medicine. Arumanis mango leaf is potentially used as antimicrobial, which are as antibacterial and antifungal. Mango leaf extracts are able to inhibit Candida albicans with inhibition zone of 8.12 mm. The use of extracts for various purposes has disadvantages. This research aims to formulate ointments dosage from mango leaf extracts, to know its physical properties and its activity against Candida albicans. Antifungal activity test is conducted using diffusion method. The fungus used is Candida albicans. The absorbent ointment preparations has homogeneous semisolid form, yellowish white color, and distinctive odor. The ointment preparations has dispersive power value of 4.90-6.23 cm, adhesiveness of 2.0-7.0 seconds, pH value of 6.56-6.99 and able to protect skin from the outside environment. Inhibition zone of absorbent ointment with concentrations of 30, 65, and 125 ppm, respectively, was 3.07; 5.96; and 9.51 mm.
Solution XAS Analysis for Exploring Active Species in Syndiospecific Styrene Polymerization and 1-Hexene Polymerization Using Half-Titanocene–MAO Catalysts: Significant Changes in the Oxidation State in the Presence of Styrene

Mechanistic studies through Ti K-edge XANES and EXAFS spectra of the catalyst solution for 1-hexene polymerization using Cp*TiX2(O-2,6-iPr2C6H3) [X = Cl (1), Me (2)]–MAO catalysts and for syndiospecific styrene polymerization using (tBuC5H4)TiCl2(O-2,6-iPr2C6H3) (3)–MAO catalyst have been explored. Significant changes in the XANES spectrum (low energy shift in the edge peak, in addition to decrease in intensities of two pre-edge peaks) were observed when styrene (200 equiv) was added into a toluene solution containing 3 and MAO, strongly suggesting that the complex 3 [Ti(IV)] was reduced to Ti(III) by addition of styrene under these conditions. The EXAFS analysis suggests that the Ti–O bond (corresponding to coordination of phenoxide) was preserved along with dissociation of Ti–Cl bonds by treating with MAO. These XAS analysis data thus suggest that neutral Ti(III) species, (tBuC5H4)Ti(R)(OAr), play a role as the active species. The DFT-based computational analysis on the syndiospecific styrene insertion .
Variation in the Phenolic Compounds Profile and Antioxidant Activity in Different Parts of Hawthorn (Crataegus pentagyna Willd.) During Harvest Periods

Knowledge and experience of herbal treatment acquired for centuries have been held up to this day as traditional medicine. In addition to the application in health care, medicinal and aromatic plants are increasingly used in various industries: pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, chemical, and others. Such extensive application has contributed to the increase in economic signifi cance of medicinal and aromatic plants and provided the possibility of revenue on different levels of production, processing, and distribution. Frequent and widespread use of herbs throughout the world has increased signifi cant concerns over their quality, safety, and effi cacy. Thus, sound scientifi c evidence or assessment have become the criteria for acceptance of traditional health claims. The genus Crataegus comprises of a complex group of trees and shrubs native to Northern temperate zones, mostly between latitudes 30° and 50° N. Crataegus belongs to the subfamily Maloideae in the Rosaceae, a natural group of complex genera with the ability to interbreed freely [Albarouki & Peterson, 2007; Kumar et al., 2012]. There are over 1000 species of Crataegus distributed primarily in Asia, Europe, and North America [Zhao & Tian, 1996]. Different species dominate and different parts of the plant are used in these regions. For example, Crataegus pinnatifi da Bge. and Crataegus scabrifolia
Prevention of Venous Thromboembolic Events Associated With Gynecologic Surgery

Venous thromboembolic events (VTEs), including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolus (PE), are known complications of surgery. The morbidity associated with VTE includes both the acute and chronic consequences of the event, but the primary importance is the mortality associated with PE. PE is known as the most common preventable cause of death among hospitalized patients in the United States.1 Because thromboembolic events can lead to death, current efforts are aimed at identifying patients at risk and instituting steps to prevent this complication. The risk of a patient having a VTE is a combination of the patient’s predisposing factors, the type of surgery that is planned, and the postoperative management and course. The current options for prophylaxis include pneumatic compression, unfractionated or low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), or a combination of the two. The type of prophylaxis chosen should be specific to each patient after considering her risk factors.
Vehicle Safety Communications – Applications (VSC-A) Final Report: Appendix Volume 1 System Design and Objective Test

The Vehicle Safety Communications – Applications (VSC-A) Project was a three-year project (December 2006 - December 2009) to develop and test communications-based vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) safety systems to determine if Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) at 5.9 GHz, in combination with vehicle positioning, can improve upon autonomous vehicle-based safety systems and/or enable new communications-based safety applications. The VSC-A Project was conducted by the Vehicle Safety Communications 2 Consortium (VSC2). Members of VSC2 are Ford Motor Company, General Motors Corporation, Honda R & D Americas, Inc., Mercedes-Benz Research and Development North America, Inc., and Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. This document presents the first volume set of appendices for the Final Report of the VSC-A Project which contains technical content for the DSRC+Positioning and Autonomous Safety System Analysis, Test Bed System Development, Path History Reference Design and Test Results, Minimum Performance Requirements, Objective Test Procedures and Plan, and Objective Testing Results.
Gene promoter methylation is associated with lung function in the elderly: The normative aging study

Lung function is a strong predictor of mortality. While inflammatory markers have been associated with lung function decrease, pathways are still poorly understood and epigenetic changes may participate in lung function decline mechanisms. We studied the cross-sectional association between DNA methylation in nine inflammatory genes and lung function in a cohort of 756 elderly men living in the metropolitan area of Boston. Participants donated a blood sample for DNA methylation analysis and underwent spirometry at each visit every 3 to 5 y from 1999–2006. We used separate multivariate mixed effects regression models to study the association between each lung function measurement and DNA methylation within each gene. Decreased CRAT, F3 and TLR2 methylation was significantly associated with lower lung function. One interquartile range (IQR) decrease in DNA methylation was associated with lower forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), respectively by 2.94% (p < 10−4) and 2.47% (p < 10−3) for F3, and by 2.10% (p < 10−2) and 2.42% (p < 10−3) for TLR2. Decreased IFNγ and IL6 methylation was significantly associated with better lung function. One IQR decrease in DNA methylation was associated with higher FEV1 by 1.75% (p = 0.02) and 1.67% (p = 0.05) for IFNγ and IL6, respectively. These data demonstrate that DNA methylation may be part of the biological processes underlying the lung function decline and that IFNγ and IL6 may have ambivalent roles through activation of negative feedback.
ENERGY EXPENDITURE OF EUTROPHIC AND OVERWEIGHT ADOLESCENTS

The study proposes the comparison of expenditure energy indicators between eutrophic and overweight adolescents. Were evaluated 111 children (57 boys and 54 girls), with an average age of 11,60 ± 0,72 years old. BMI was calculated for categorization of data. Through the questionnaire of Bouchard et al. (1983) were estimate the absolute energy expenditure, relative energy expenditure, physical activity energy expenditure and physical activity level, and through Schofield’s (1985) equation the basal metabolic rate was estimated. The results demonstrated that absolute energy expenditure, the basal metabolic tax, energy expend with physical activity and level of physical activity had been significantly (p<0,0001) superior in individuals with overweight compared with eutrophic in both genders. The study concludes that individuals with overweight presents greater absolute expenses of energy compared with its eutrophic pairs, but when the values are corrected by the weight, these had been similar.
Effect of Obesity on Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Children

Introduction: We aimed to asses two dimensional, M-Mode, conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiographic parameters of left ventricle and to evaluate the effects of antropometric and biochemical factors on these parameters in obese and normal weight children. Patients and Methods: This observational cross-sectional study included 60 obese and 60 nonobese children aged 8-15 years. Echocardiographic parameters of left ventricle were measured in all subjects and investigated the relationship with anthropometric and biochemical factors. Results: Waist circumference, body mass index-Z (BMI-Z) score, systolic and diastolic blood : pressure, triglyceride, fasting glucose, insulin concentrations, and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index were signifi cantly higher, whereas high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDLC) concentration was signifi cantly lower in the obese than in the non-obese group. Mitral annulus septal E’ and E’/A’, mitral annulus lateral E’ and E’/A’, anterior E’ and E’/A’, inferior E’ and E’/A’ values were signifi cantly lower, whereas mitral E/septal E’ and mitral E/lateral E’ values were signifi cantly higher in obese than in non-obese subjects. Most of the tissue Doppler parameters were correlated with waist circumference, BMI-Z score, fasting blood glucose, HOMA, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum insulin levels, triglyceride and HDL. Waist circumference and BMI-Z score were decisive for some tissue Doppler parameters.
Normal Movement and Functional Approaches to Rehabilitate Lower Limb Dressing following Stroke: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial

Dressing difficulties are common following stroke. However, specific interventions lack evidence. This pilot single-blind randomised controlled trial investigated normal movement and functional approaches to rehabilitate lower limb dressing, given to four eligible stroke inpatients. The Nottingham Stroke Dressing Assessment, Rivermead Motor Assessment and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure were taken at baseline, discharge and 8 weeks. The small sample lacked power. Preliminary results indicated that while all patients improved with occupational therapy, approaches may differ in rates of motor recovery, independence and treatment duration. A total sample of 30 is required for more conclusive research to inform lower limb dressing interventions.