Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Editorial

This special issue collects original research papers issued from the workshop dedicated to ‘Industrial Applications of Low-order Models Based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition’ (POD) held in Bordeaux from March 31, 2008, to April 2, 2008. The presentations ranged from applied mathematics to fluid mechanics in engineering and environmental sciences. Some talks concerned approaches to model reduction different from POD. The presentations can be downloaded at http://www.ufr-mi.u-bordeaux.fr/WKSPOD/. The aim of the workshop was to foster research in the direction of low-order models having an impact on real-life applications. The main subjects discussed were optimization and control in aerodynamics as well as real-time predictions and data assimilation in environmental flows. The open issues that were discussed and that are common to all these fields were: (i) system identification and closure models; (ii) accuracy for large regions of parameter variations; (iii) optimal sampling; and (iv) goal-oriented modal decomposition. Although some successful examples of application of low-order models exist, the issues above need to be further investigated in order to make a step toward large-scale high Reynolds number flows. The seven papers that are collected here give a rather complete overview of these themes. The issue of low-order modeling in 3D is an open issue that remains to be addressed. In particular Rempfer and Mokhasi [1] develop in their paper dynamical system models that are based on radial basis functions and discrete multivariate time series information. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method they consider the 3D Lorenz model, the 9D Lorenz model, and a 5D in-house model. Mathelin and LeMaı̂tre [2] propose an equation-free model reduction consisting in a mapping, over a coarse time-step, of the POD projection coefficients of the system state on the reduced basis. The mapping is expressed as an explicit polynomial transformation of the projection coefficients. An application of the method to the 2D flow past a circular cylinder is presented and both asymptotic state and transient stages are investigated. Fang et al. [3] propose a method for mesh optimization that is based on a goal-oriented POD decomposition. Both the primal and dual solution are solved, thanks to the low-order model in
Journal of Ecology News

Journal of Ecology News Michael J. Hutchings*, David J. Gibson, Richard D. Bardgett, Mark Rees, Erika Newton, Andrea Baier and Lauren Sandhu School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9QG, UK; Department of Plant Biology, Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901-6509, USA; Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK; Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK; and British Ecological Society, Charles Darwin House, 12 Roger Street, London WC1N 2JU, UK
Crossrail project: the evolution of an innovation ecosystem

The £14·8 billion Crossrail project to deliver the Elizabeth line east–west railway across London has pioneered the development of a systematic programme approach to innovation. Previous papers have focused on the early stages of setting up Crossrail’s innovation programme – known as Innovate18 – and implementing it as a credible component of the delivery organisation. With the Elizabeth line now close to completion there is an opportunity to reflect on the project’s experience of innovation and the performance of its programme as it reaches maturity. This paper describes the maturing programme, lessons that have been learned and how the programme has migrated into an infrastructure industry platform.
Operation Study of Miniature Air-blast Atomizer under Very Low Liquid Pressures

Abstract Miniature air blast atomizers are intended for use in small jet engines. The typical miniature atomizer with rotating air outside the pressure swirl nozzle was investigated by theoretically and experimentally. The equations which describe the flow of rotating hollow liquid jet in a gaseous environment, where there is difference between outer and inner pressures of the liquid film were developed. The effects of surface tension, gravity forces, and inner-outer pressure difference on liquid film modes and its disintegration were considered. A set of the relevant equations was solved numerically. The initial conditions for the equations: pressure distribution inside and outside of the ‘onion’ as function of outer rotating air and liquid parameters, were obtained experimentally. The numerical results were verified by the experimental study. It was shown that exists two shapes of liquid film nearby nozzle exit – ‘onion’ and open film. Shape of the liquid film for the given nozzle pressure drop depends mainly on air pressure difference outside and inside the film. Two resulting spray modes are distinguished in droplet characteristics drastically. The results can be applied for estimation of the operational parameters of air-blast atomizers that operate with very low liquid pressure drop.
Design and Subjective Evaluation of a Perceptually-Optimized Headphone Virtualizer

We describe a novel method for designing echoic headphone virtualizers based on a stochastic room model and a numerical optimization procedure. The method aims to maximize sound source externalization under a naturaltimbre constraint. The stochastic room model generates a number of binaural room impulse response (BRIR) candidates for each virtual channel, each embodying essential perceptual cues. A perceptually-based distortion metric evaluates the timbre of each candidate, and the optimal candidate is selected for use in the virtualizer. We designed a 7.1. 4 channel virtualizer and evaluated it relative to a LoRo stereo downmix using a single-interval A:B preference test. For a pool of 10 listeners, the test resulted in an overall virtualizer preference of 75%, with no stereo test item preferred over binaural.
Qualitative risk assessment during polymer mortar test specimens preparation - methods comparison

Polymer binder modification with inorganic nanomaterials (NM) could be a potential and efficient solution to control matrix flammability of polymer concrete (PC) materials without sacrificing other important properties. Occupational exposures can occur all along the life cycle of a NM and “nanoproducts” from research through scale-up, product development, manufacturing, and end of life. The main objective of the present study is to analyse and compare different qualitative risk assessment methods during the production of polymer mortars (PM) with NM. The laboratory scale production process was divided in 3 main phases (pre-production, production and post-production), which allow testing the assessment methods in different situations. The risk assessment involved in the manufacturing process of PM was made by using the qualitative analyses based on: French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety method (ANSES); Control Banding Nanotool (CB Nanotool); Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne method (EPFL); Guidance working safely with nanomaterials and nanoproducts (GWSNN); Istituto Superiore per la Prevenzione e la Sicurezza del Lavoro, Italy method (ISPESL); Precautionary Matrix for Synthetic Nanomaterials (PMSN); and Stoffenmanager Nano. It was verified that the different methods applied also produce different final results. In phases 1 and 3 the risk assessment tends to be classified as medium-high risk, while for phase 2 the more common result is medium level. It is necessary to improve the use of qualitative methods by defining narrow criteria for the methods selection for each assessed situation, bearing in mind that the uncertainties are also a relevant factor when dealing with the risk related to nanotechnologies field.
Research on Optimization Dispatching for Saving Energy and Reducing Emissions in Wind Power Integrated Power System

Optimization dispatching for saving energy and reducing emissions in wind power integrated power system was deeply researched in this paper.In generation dispatching,saving energy and reducing emissions are considered as the dual objectives while saving energy is preferentially considered to deal with the relationship of the two objectives.The risk of wind power generation is taken into account of the objective functions,and the extra spinning reserves are added to the reserve constraints to balance this risk.A new approach named Orthogonal Genetic Simulated Annealing Algorithm is proposed for solving this optimization problem,in which the hybrid encoding is used to solve the discrete and continuous variables properly.Orthogonal test is applied to determine parameter values of the method so as to optimize the performance of the algorithm.Test system analysis is used to prove the effectiveness of this study.
Heritage language learners in L2 Arabic classes: Challenges and instructional strategies

The completion of my thesis was made possible with the support of my Master’s committee members. Many thanks are due to Dr. Raghda El Essawi, my supervisor and academic advisor, for graciously facilitating my thesis process and assisting me in achieving one of my goals. I would like to genuinely thank her for encouragement and for devoting her expertise and keen judgment throughout the thesis process. I would like to extend my gratitude to Dr. Atta Gebril, a wonderful scholar and mentor, for everything he did to support me during my coursework till the end of the road. I am lucky to have him as a member in my committee. I am also indebted to Dr. Mona Kamel for her superior guidance. Her valuable suggestions contributed greatly to my research. I want also to thank all professors in the TAFL program for making my research study a reality. The learning experiences they provided me have assisted me in many ways to expand on my own research work and agenda. Finally, my sincere thanks are due to my family and friends.
Development of Mobile Fault Detection System for Radar

Particularly expatiates the development of one kind of radar′s fault diagnosis system,including the compose of hardware platform and software platform,and the design of expert system and TPS.During the development of TPS,we separate the developing platform and running platform,make the compilation of testing tree and testing flow visible,strengthen the portability of TPS and the generality of testing system,establish a good base for the system's expanding.
A study on the awareness level of additive manufacturing technology in south-western Nigeria

In this paper, the level of awareness of AM/RP technology in south-western Nigeria was investigated and presented. In a survey, copies of a questionnaire were administered to sixty (60) engineering personnel in research/tertiary institutions in the south-western states in Nigeria and forty (40) useful responses were obtained and analyzed. The analysis indicated that there was 40% awareness of AM/RP technology in the south-western Nigeria, whereas 60% of the respondents had not previously heard of the technologies. It was further deduced that the highest level of awareness of 50% was for inkjet/3D printing, amongst other forms of AM/RP technology in the south-western states in Nigeria. The analysis of the availability of AM equipment indicated that only 5% of the respondents specified that their institutions in south-western Nigeria possessed inkjet/3D printing AM equipment. This was at one research institute in south-western Nigeria. Though, the amount of AM/RP equipment installed is small at the moment, the level of awareness of this technology is fairly high and it is expected that the awareness level will keep increasing as concerted efforts towards procurement of AM/RP systems from abroad and by local fabrication/production is made to promote rapid product development.
Dielectric characterization of crude oil extracts obtained from different oil fields in Nigeria, intended for utility exploitation in electrical power transformers

The utilization of liquid oils for electrical insulation has necessitated the dielectric characterization of oils. The conversion of excess crude petroleum oil to useful insulants constitutes an added advantage to the use of ever increasing crude oil production, as it enhances environmental pollution management. The different polar groups constituting liquid oil give rise to variation in dielectric properties. The respective values could be investigated to determine their sustainability in liquid insulants. The technique for the measurement of dielectric constants and loss factors has been most effective with the use of the Schering Bridge. In this work the modified Schering bridge circuit in association with a capacitive cell with the oil sample as dielectric, is used. Measurements were carried out at audio frequency and room temperature. The dielectric constants and loss factor of crude oil petroleum obtained from different locations in Nigeria are reported. The experimental values obtained compared favorably with reported literature values. Keywords: Modified Schering Bridge, Crude Petroleum Oil, Dielectric Loss Factor, Electrical Power Insulation
AN APERTURE COUPLED METAMATERIAL MUSHROOM ANTENNA FOR OPERATION AT WLAN FREQUENCY

This article introduces a modified Gysel power divider, providing high power division ratios, alongside the advantage of high power handling. To overcome fabrication limitations of high characteristic impedance line, caused by the anticipated high power division ratio, a coupled line structure with two shorts is used. This proposed structure makes closed-form equations available for design and leads to a simple microstrip fabrication. A 10:1 unequal Gysel power divider is presented and fabricated as a design example and a satisfactory agreement between measurements and simulation results is verified. VC 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2689–2692, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.30122
ic/P harmacodynamic Modeling

Pharmacokinetic (PK) models describe the relationship between the administered dose and the concentration of drug (and/or metabolite) in the blood as a function of time. Pharmacodynamic (PD) models describe the relationship between the concentration in the blood (or the dose) and the biologic response. Population PK/PD studies aim to determine the sources of variability in the observed concentrations/responses across groups of individuals. In this article, we consider the joint modeling of PK/PD data. The natural approach is to specify a joint model in which the concentration and response data are simultaneously modeled. Unfortunately, this approach may not be optimal if, due to sparsity of concentration data, an overly simple P K model is specified. As an alternative, we propose an errors-in-variables approach in which the observed-concentration data are assumed to be measured with error without reference to a specific PK model. We give an example of an analysis of PK/PD data obtained following administration of an anticoagulant drug. The study was originally carried out in order to make dosage recommendations. The prior for the distribution of the true concentrations, which may incorporate an individual’s covariate information, is derived as a predictive distribution from an earlier study. The errors-in-variables approach is compared with the joint modeling approach and more naive methods in which the observed concentrations, or the separately modeled concentrations, are substituted into the response model. Throughout, a Bayesian approach is taken with implementation via Markov chain Monte Carlo methods.
Coexistencia de Pesqueras con la Conservacin de Delfines

Freshwater biodiversity conservation is generally perceived to conflict with human use and extraction (e.g., fisheries). Overexploited fisheries upset the balance between local economic needs and endangered species’ conservation. We investigated resource competition between fisheries and Ganges river dolphins (Platanista gangetica gangetica) in a human-dominated river system in India to assess the potential for their coexistence. We surveyed a 65-km stretch of the lower Ganga River to assess habitat use by dolphins (encounter rates) and fishing activity (habitat preferences of fishers, intensity of net and boat use). Dolphin abundance in the main channel increased from 179 (SE 7) (mid dry season) to 270 (SE 8) (peak dry season), probably as a result of immigration from upstream tributaries. Dolphins preferred river channels with muddy, rocky substrates, and deep midchannel waters. These areas overlapped considerably with fishing areas. Sites with 2–6 boats/km (moderately fished) were more preferred by dolphins than sites with 8–55 boats/km (heavily fished). Estimated spatial (85%) and prey–resource overlap (75%) between fisheries and dolphins (chiefly predators of small fish) suggests a high level of competition between the two groups. A decrease in abundance of larger fish, indicated by the fact that small fish comprised 74% of the total caught, may have intensified the present competition. Dolphins seem resilient to changes in fish community structure and may persist in overfished rivers. Regulated fishing in dolphin hotspots and maintenance of adequate dry season flows can sustain dolphins in tributaries and reduce competition in the main river. Fish-stock restoration and management, effective monitoring, curbing destructive fishing practices, secure tenure rights, and provision of alternative livelihoods for fishers may help reconcile conservation and local needs in overexploited river systems.
Novel SRR-loaded CPW-fed UWB antenna with wide band-notched characteristics

This paper presents the design of a split-ring resonators (SRR) loaded coplanar waveguide-fed ultra-wide band (UWB) antenna. As using the electromagnetic coupling SRR connected by open-ended microstrip lines, this UWB antenna achieves wide band-notched characteristics. The frequency of the proposed antenna operates from 2.37 to 10.93 GHz with a broad notch band covers from 4.96 to 6.15 GHz (IEEE 802.11.ac), the relative stopped bandwidth of the notch band achieves 20.42%. Besides, theoretical analysis and experimental results are proposed to illustrate and validate this proposed antenna.
A far-infrared gas-discharge laser

One of the most expensive elements of the HCN laser is the resonator. The size of the laser is in principle determined by the size of the resonator. The resonator of the LF pumping laser used in medical studies includes a glass discharge tube with two soldered-in glass branch pipes with electrodes of excitation. Similar discharge tubes are used in lasers with direct current pumping. Using soldering when making the glass discharge tube is a shortcoming of these lasers since it raises a resonator cost and reduces its reliability because destruction of the discharge tube is most likely in places of soldering. Lasers with high frequency (HF) pumping need a more simple and reliable design of resonator. To eliminate the above-mentioned problems we used glass tubes without the branch pipes as a resonator.
Modeling Impacts of Tile Drain Spacing and Depth on NitrateNitrogen Losses<link href="#vzj2vzj20080158-note-0001"/>

61 S in the Gulf of Mexico have documented a large area with seasonally depleted O2 levels (<2 mg L−1). Most aquatic species cannot survive at such low O2 levels. A reduction in NO3–N loading by 30% was initially recommended to reduce hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico (Mitsch et al., 1999). Following a scientifi c reassessment that recommended a reduction of 45% (USEPA, 2007), the USEPA developed an action plan (USEPA, 2008) that recommended that the longterm area of the hypoxic zone be reduced to 5000 km2. Nitrate-N loading from row cropland in the Upper Mississippi River Basin is the major source of nutrients leading to hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico (Goolsby et al., 1997). About half of the N applied to lands draining to the Gulf comes from commercial fertilizer and about 15% comes from animal manure. Other sources of N to the Gulf include urban runoff , industrial point sources, and atmospheric deposition (USGS, 2000). While far away geographically, the hypoxia problem in the Gulf of Mexico is intimately linked to the Upper Midwest via the Mississippi River. Th e Upper Mississippi River Basin comprises only 15% of the total drainage area of the Mississippi River, but contributes a disproportionate 30% of the total NO3–N loading reaching the Gulf (Goolsby et al., 1997; Rabalais et al., 1999). Much of this NO3–N loading is linked to row crop areas in Minnesota, Iowa, Indiana, and Illinois, where a large percentage of cropland is tile drained (Zucker and Brown, 1998). Suitable agricultural management strategies to reduce NO3–N loadings from agricultural systems include a variety of practices, such as improved nutrient management, restoration of wetlands, and changes in tile drain spacing and depth. Subsurface tile drainage systems enhance crop yields on poorly drained but highly productive soils and help to reduce year-to-year variability in yields (Zucker and Brown, 1998). Lal and Fausey (1998) reported that corn crop yields increased with decreasing distance from the tile drain in central Ohio. Subsurface tile drainage improves aeration, increases the availability of nutrients, enhances crop productivity (Lal and Taylor, 1970; Cannell, 1979), and allows timely farm operations. It also reduces crop diseases, soil erosion, and surface runoff (Fausey et al., 1986). Consequently, it has become a routine practice across large areas of the U.S. Upper Midwest. Numerous studies have shown, however, that the presence of subsurface tile drainage systems increases NO3–N losses from fi elds through interception of NO3–N in the soil profi le (Baker and Johnson, 1981; Baker and Modeling Impacts of Tile Drain Spacing and Depth on Nitrate-Nitrogen Losses
Prediction of malignant transformation in oral epithelial dysplasia using infrared absorbance spectra

Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) is a histopathologically-defined, potentially premalignant condition of the oral cavity. The rate of transformation to frank carcinoma is relatively low (12% within 2 years) and prediction based on histopathological grade is unreliable, leading to both over- and under-treatment. Alternative approaches include infrared (IR) spectroscopy, which is able to classify cancerous and non-cancerous tissue in a number of cancers, including oral. The aim of this study was to explore the capability of FTIR (Fourier-transform IR) microscopy and machine learning as a means of predicting malignant transformation of OED. Supervised, retrospective analysis of longitudinally-collected OED biopsy samples from 17 patients with high risk OED lesions: 10 lesions transformed and 7 did not over a follow-up period of more than 3 years. FTIR spectra were collected from routine, unstained histopathological sections and machine learning used to predict malignant transformation, irrespective of OED classification. PCA-LDA (principal component analysis followed by linear discriminant analysis) provided evidence that the subsequent transforming status of these 17 lesions could be predicted from FTIR data with a sensitivity of 79 ± 5% and a specificity of 76 ± 5%. Six key wavenumbers were identified as most important in this classification. Although this pilot study used a small cohort, the strict inclusion criteria and classification based on known outcome, rather than OED grade, make this a novel study in the field of FTIR in oral cancer and support the clinical potential of this technology in the surveillance of OED.