Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electronic Research

Machine learning algorithms are frequently applied in data mining applications. Many of the tasks in this domain concern high-dimensional data. Consequently, these tasks are often complex and computationally expensive. This paper presents a GPU-based parallel implementation of the Random Forests algorithm. In contrast to previous work, the proposed algorithm is based on the compute uniﬁed device architecture (CUDA). An experimental comparison between the CUDA-based algorithm (CudaRF), and state-of-the-art parallel (FastRF) and sequential (LibRF) Random forests algorithms shows that CudaRF outperforms both FastRF and LibRF for the studied classiﬁcation task.
Wildlife value orientations based on age, gender and education in Malaysia

Wild Life value orientation is an important cognition to predict the behavior of individuals in wildlife management in conservation decisions. This article analyzed Malaysian value orientations toward wildlife and examined differences in value orientations among three demographic characteristics: gender, education, residency situation. In addition, it has tested the reliability and validity of a scale that can be used in on-site surveys for measuring wildlife value orientations in wildlife management. The two wildlife value orientations: domination and mutualism were based on the previous research and theorizing in other countries. Data were acquired from a self administer survey (n=1337) sent to randomly selected individuals in the Malaysian population. The questionnaire was based on seven wildlife constructs based 27 items used to measure their wildlife value orientations. The results were not according to the prior researches in other developed and developing countries; perhaps, because of basic differences in their society comparing to Malaysia. To sum up, rural people in Malaysia were more utilitarian than urban. In addition, Men were more mutualism than women. The people with average education in Malaysia similar to the developing country showed more mutualism than low education while they were more mutualism than higher education as well.
A Multiscale Finite Element Model for Avascular Tumor Growth

There are many mathematical models or chemical models available to describe the avascular tumor growth. However, few of them take into account the necessary physical growth for the avascular tumor. In this paper, we proposed a multiscale finite element model that spans three distinct scales for the avascular tumor growth. At the extracellular microenvironment level, we proposed a new set of piecewise reaction diffusion equations to describe the extracellular microenvironment of the tumor growth. At the intracellular cycle level, we proposed a cell cycle control factor to model the key role that played by the G1-S phase transition. At the cellular level, we introduced the proposed cell cycle control factor to combine the extracellular microenvironment, the intracellular cycle and the cellular cycle into the total energy equations to form our finite element cellular model. Experiments were performed to simulate the growth of EMT6/Ro mouse mammary cell under three different kinds of initial chemical concentrations. Results showed that the proposed approach outperformed the baseline approach in terms of tumor cell number and tumor cell volume.
In vitro Cytotoxic, Membrane Stabilizing and Thrombolytic Activities of Polygonum glabrum Willd

The crude methanol extract of leaves of Polygonum glabrum Willd and its Kupchan fractions were screened for cytotoxic, membrane stabilizing and thrombolytic activities. Among all fractions, the crude methanol extract showed significant cytotoxic activity having LC 50 value 0.74 ± 0.045 ? g/ml. Moreover, in hypotonic solution- and heat- induced conditions, the crude methanol extract inhibited hemolysis of human erythrocyte by 79.21 ± 0.44% and 84.87±0.23%, respectively as compared to 71.9 ± 0.73% and 42.12 ± 0.37% demonstrated by the standard acetyl salicylic acid. On the other hand, in thrombolytic activity assay the methanol extract demonstrated highest clot lysis value of 35.17 ± 0.42%. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bpj.v17i2. 22341 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 17 (2): 202-204, 2014
On the solutions of quasi-linear elliptic partial differential equations

The literature concerning these equations being very extensive, we shall not attempt to give a complete list of references. The starting point for many more modern researches has been the work of S. Bernstein,t who was the first to prove the analyticity of the solutions of the general equation with 4 analytic and who was able to obtain a priori bounds for the second and higher derivatives of z in the quasi-linear type in terms of the bounds of |z I | I p I , I q I and the derivatives of the coefficients. He was also able to prove the existence of the solution of the quasi-linear equation in some very general cases. He assumed that all the data were analytic. However, his papers are very complicated and certain details require modification. On account of the results of J. Horn, L. Lichtenstein, and many others,: the restriction of analyticity has been removed. Some very interesting modern work has been done by Leray and Schauder? in a paper in which they develop a general theory of nonlinear functional equations and apply their results to quasi-linear equations.
Business Network Simulation: Combining Research Cases and Agent-Based Models in a Robust Methodology

This paper describes the use of an agent-based model (ABM) with the purpose of simulating interaction processes in business networks. Such an ABM must be able to capture time and process in networks while retaining a level of comprehension and overview. The ABM rests on the assumption that business networks can be viewed as complex adaptive systems (CAS) and draws on the opportunities to build and use ABMs to simulate processes in such systems. This paper outlines the conceptual foundations and the methodological challenges and opportunities associated with such an endeavor with special reference to issues concerning the modeling of the complexities of business networks. Specifically it discusses the use of ABM and research case in combination in an effort to produce a robust methodology. It contributes with suggestions on how one concretely can handle these issues and challenges when using ABMs to model non-linear dynamic interaction processes in networks.
Short-term exposure to heat stress attenuates appetite and intestinal integrity in growing pigs 1

Acute heat stress (HS) and heat stroke can be detrimental to the health, well-being, and performance of mammals such as swine. Therefore, our objective was to chronologically characterize how a growing pig perceives and initially copes with a severe heat load. Crossbred gilts (n=32; 63.8±2.9 kg) were subjected to HS conditions (37°C and 40% humidity) with ad libitum intake for 0, 2, 4, or 6 h (n=8/time point). Rectal temperature (Tr), respiration rates (RR), and feed intake were determined every 2 h. Pigs were euthanized at each time point and fresh ileum and colon samples were mounted into modified Ussing chambers to assess ex vivo intestinal integrity and function. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran (FD4) permeability were assessed. As expected, Tr increased linearly over time (P<0.001) with the highest temperature observed at 6 h of HS. Compared to the 0-h thermal-neutral (TN) pigs, RR increased (230%; P<0.001) in the first 2 h and remained elevated over the 6 h of HS (P<0.05). Feed intake was dramatically reduced due to HS and this corresponded with significant changes in plasma glucose, ghrelin, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (P<0.050). At as early as 2 h of HS, ileum TER linearly decreased (P<0.01), while FD4 linearly increased with time (P<0.05). Colon TER and FD4 changed due to HS in quadratic responses over time (P=0.050) similar to the ileum but were less pronounced. In response to HS, ileum and colon heat shock protein (HSP) 70 mRNA and protein abundance increased linearly over time (P<0.050). Altogether, these data indicated that a short duration of HS (2-6 h) compromised feed intake and intestinal integrity in growing pigs.
Synthesis of Poly (2,2′‐(1,4‐phenylene) 5,5′‐bibenzimidazole) (para‐PBI) and Phosphoric Acid Doped Membrane for Fuel Cells

A detailed investigation of the polymerisation conditions for poly(2,2′‐(1,4‐phenylene)5,5′‐bibenzimidazole) (para‐PBI) in polyphosphoric acid (PPA) led to the preparation of high molecular weight polymer. The polymer solutions could be used directly to produce phosphoric acid (PA)‐doped PBI membranes by the PPA process. These membranes showed very high PA doping levels, i.e., up to ∼30 moles of PA per mole of PBI repeat unit. The ionic conductivity of the membranes was 0.24 S cm–1 at 160 °C. Fuel cell performance was measured at various operating conditions by changing temperature, pressure and gases and verified the high carbon monoxide (CO) tolerance of fuel cells operating at this temperature.
A NEW FRAMEWORK FOR MANDARIN LVCSR BASED ON ONE-PASS DECODER

This paper describes a new framework based on one-pass and decision tree based class-triphone acoustic modeling for Mandarin LVCSR. Compared with the multi-pass decoder, it should be more knowledgeable and efficient as all sources are used at the same time when the decoder could be well organized and optimized. We give a detail about the organization of our one-pass decoder and how to handle the search space explosion by giant number of triphone and cross-word extension dealing with unknown right context including the tone context. The experimental results show that the character error rate (CER) was reduced to 13.04% for open LM and 2.8% for close LM with non-tonal class-triphone model based on the male test database from China National Hi-Tech Project 863. And with tonal class-triphone model, CER reaches 10.31% and has a 21% relative character error reduction compared with non-tonal class-triphone model.
Asymmetric constraints on limits to species ranges influence consumer‐resource richness over an environmental gradient

The research was funded by Universidad Rey Juan Carlos/Comunidad de Madrid (URJC-CM-2006-CET-0592), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (REN2002-12853-E/GLO, CGL2005-06820/BOS, CGL2008-04950/BOS, CGL2011-30259, CGL2013-48277-P and CGL2014-57784-P), the British Ecological Society and the Royal Society. Research permits were provided by Comunidad de Madrid, Parque Nacional de Guadarrama, Parque Natural de Penalara, Parque Regional de la Cuenca Alta del Manzanares, Parque Regional del Curso Medio del Rio Guadarrama, Patrimonio Nacional and Ayuntamiento de Cercedilla.
HIGH RESOLUTION DOA ESTIMATION IN FULLY COHERENT ENVIRONMENTS

A novel method for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation is proposed. This technique employs the excellent performance of Bartlett method in coherent environments as well as high resolution and low computational complexity of Beamspace MUSIC. Simulation results show that the use of Beamspace MUSIC with Bartlett yields significantly improved performance compared to the original MUSIC especially in highly correlated situations.
Reconciling Pro-Social vs. Selfish Behavior: Evidence for the Role of Self-Control

We test the proposition that individuals may experience a self-control conflict between short-term temptation to be selfish and better judgment to act pro-socially. Using a dictator game and a public goods game, we manipulated the likelihood that individuals identified self-control conflict, and we measured their trait ability to implement self-control strategies. Consistent with our hypothesis, we find that trait self-control exhibits a positive and significant correlation with pro-social behavior in the treatment that raises likelihood of conflict identification, but not in the treatment that reduces likelihood of conflict identification.
Demythologizing the word frequency effect: A discriminative learning perspective

This study starts from the hypothesis, first advanced by McDonald and Shillcock (2001), that the word frequency effect for a large part reflects local syntactic co-occurrence. It is shown that indeed the word frequency effect in the sense of pure repeated exposure accounts for only a small proportion of the variance in lexical decision, and that local syntactic and morphological co-occurrence probabilities are what makes word frequency a powerful predictor for lexical decision latencies. A comparison of two computational models, the cascaded dual route model (Coltheart, Rastle, Perry, Langdon, & Ziegler, 2001) and the Naive Discriminative Reader (Baayen, Milin, Filipovic Durdjevic, Hendrix, & Marelli, 2010), indicates that only the latter model properly captures the quantitative weight of the latent dimensions of lexical variation as predictors of response times. Computational models that account for frequency of occurrence by some mechanism equivalent to a counter in the head therefore run the risk of overestimating the role of frequency as repetition, of overestimating the importance of words’ form properties, and of underestimating the importance of contextual learning during past experience in proficient reading.
Error estimates of an efficient linearization scheme for a nonlinear elliptic problem with a nonlocal boundary condition

We consider a nonlinear second order elliptic boundary value problem (BVP) in a bounded domain with a nonlocal boundary condition. A Dirichlet BC containing an unknown additive constant, accompanied with a nonlocal (integral) Neumann side condition is prescribed at some boundary part Γn . The rest of the boundary is equipped with Dirichlet or nonlinear Robin type BC. The solution is found via linearization. We design a robust and efficient approximation scheme. Error estimates for the linearization algorithm are derived in L 2 (Ω),H 1 (Ω) and L ∞ (Ω) spaces.
Functional Coupling to Adenylare Cyclase and Phoroaffiniry Labeling

Beta-adrenergic drugs affect lens epithelial and fiber cells. The regulation and cellular integration of lens beta-adrenergic responses are largely unknown. These studies further characterize beta-adrenergic receptors in lens cells with respect to cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production and identification of receptor polypeptides. Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors in organ-cultured chick lenses resulted in dose-dependent increases in intracellular cAMP levels. Isoproterenol-elicited cAMP accumulation was found in both epithelial/superficial fiber cells and cortical fiber cells. Hormonal stimulation also apparently initiated additional mechanisms involved in (he regulation of cAMP levels (ie, phosphodiesterase activation/receptor desensitization). Individual receptor polypeptides were identified in epithelial and fiber membranes with the photoaffinity probe I-iodocyanopindolol diazarine. The probe specifically labeled distinct populations of receptor polypeptides in the two cell types. Lens beta-adrenergic receptors were also shown to bind ( ) stereoisomers of adrenergic ligands preferentially. These results indicate that differentiating fiber cells are hormonally sensitive to betaadrenergic stimulation and that epithelial and fiber cells may respond differentially to beta-adrenergic drugs, at least in part, because of their distinct receptor polypeptides. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 32:541-548, 1991
Trehalose preincubation increases mesenchymal (CD271 + ) stem cells post-cryopreservation viability

Background: Dimethyl sulfoxide (Me 2 SO) is a common cryoprotective agent widely used in cell preservation system. Me 2 SO is currently known to cause epigenetic changes which are critical in stem cells development and cellular differentiation. Therefore, it is imperative to develop cryopreservation techniques that protect cellular functions and avert Me 2 SO adverse effect. Trehalose was able to protect organism in extreme condition such as dehydration and cold. This study aimed to verify the protective effect of trehalose preincubation procedure in cryopreservation. Methods: The study was conducted using experimental design. Thawed mesenchymal (CD271 + ) stem cells from YARSI biorepository were used for the experiment. Trehalose preincubation was performed for 1 hour, internalized trehalose was confirmed by FTIR-ATR measurement. Three groups consisted of (1) cryopreserved without trehalose preincubation, (2) cryopreserved with trehalose preincubation, and (3) did not undergo cryopreservation were evaluated after 24 hours in LN2 for viability in culture. The absorbance from each group was measured at 450 nm. The analysis performed using paired student t test. Results: Viability of thawed mesenchymal (CD271 + ) stem cells that undergo trehalose preincubation prior cryopreservation was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to group without trehalose preincubation. Higher viability observed between group with trehalose preincubation compared with controlled group suggests protection to trypsinization. Mesenchymal (CD271 + ) stem cells incubated for 1 hour in 100 mM trehalose supplemented medium results in 15% trehalose loading efficiency. Conclusion: These findings confirm the protective effect of trehalose preincubation in cryopreservation. Future research should be directed to elucidate the trehalose internalization mechanism and eventually the protective mechanism of trehalose in mammalian cell cryopreservation.
High Performance Thermoelectricity in Earth‐Abundant Compounds Based on Natural Mineral Tetrahedrites

Thermoelectric materials can convert waste heat into electricity, potentially improving the efficiency of energy usage in both industry and everyday life. Unfortunately, known good thermoelectric materials often are comprised of elements that are in low abundance and require careful doping and complex synthesis procedures. Here, we report dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit near unity in compounds of the form Cu12‐xMxSb4S13, where M is a transition metal such as Zn or Fe, for wide ranges of x. The compounds investigated here span the range of compositions of the natural mineral family of tetrahedrites, the most widespread sulfosalts on Earth, and we further show that the natural mineral itself can be used directly as an inexpensive source thermoelectric material. Thermoelectrics comprised of earth‐abundant elements will pave the way to many new, low cost thermoelectric energy generation opportunities.
Psychological Types

In the following pages I shall attempt a general description of the types, and my first concern must be with the two general types I have termed introverted and extraverted. But, in addition, I shall also try to give a certain characterization of those special types whose particularity is due to the fact that his most differentiated function plays the principal role in an individual's adaptation or orientation to life. The former I would term general attitude types, since they are distinguished by the direction of general interest or libido movement, while the latter I would call function-types.
Algor i thm for Faster Mining of General ized Associat ion Rules

Generalized association rules are a very important extension of boolean association rules, but with current approaches mining generalized rules is computationally very expensive. Especially when considering the rule generation as being part of an interactive KDD-process this becomes annoying. In this paper we discuss strengths and weaknesses of known approaches to generate frequent itemsets. Based on the insights we derive a new algorithm, called Prutax, to mine generalized frequent itemsets. The basic ideas of the algorithm and further optimisation are described. Experiments with both synthetic and real-life data show that Prutax is an order of magnitude faster than previous approaches. 1 I n t r o d u c t i o n Association rules were introduced in [1] and today the mining of such rules can be seen as one of the key tasks of KDD. The intuitive meaning of an association rule X ~ Y, where X and Y are sets of items, is that a transaction containing X is likely to also contain Y. The prototypical application is the analysis of supermarket basket data where rules like "34% of all customers who buy fish also buy white wine" may be found. Obviously, association rules can be quite useful in business applications. But even the above example shows a severe shortcoming: Rather than containing an item like "white wine" the transactions will typically contain item identifiers derived from a barcode which distinguishes the items quite accurately. So instead of finding a few useful rules a huge set of rules like "Smoked Irish Salmon, 500g ~ Augey, Bordeaux White, 1993" will be generated. One approach is to substitute all items with their generalizations, but this leads to a loss of information. A more elaborate solution are the generalized association rules introduced in [3, 4]. These rules extend the simple ones to contain items from arbitrary levels of a taxonomy. However this leads to an enormous increase in itemsets that have to be evaluated, because many more generalized items are frequent than simple ones. At the same time when considering the rule generation as being part of an interactive KDD-process performance becomes very important. To address this problem, we present Prutax, a new algorithm for fast mining of generalized association rules. The problem of mining association rules is formally described in Section 2. In Section 3 the common approaches to generate boolean frequent itemsets are
Comparison of a regional-level habitat index derived from MERIS and MODIS estimates of canopy-absorbed photosynthetically active radiation

Earth observation data and approaches are increasingly being utilized to improve our insights into the ecological processes that influence biological diversity. Physically based indices such as the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fAPAR) intercepted by vegetation are particularly useful in describing variations in productivity and seasonality that can, in turn, be related to species abundances and distributions. The increasing availability of time series of fAPAR data from 2000 from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors, as well from other satellites, such as ENVISAT, has resulted in a motivation to extend techniques, originally developed for MODIS biophysical data, to other sensors. In this letter we investigate and demonstrate the application of the dynamic habitat index (DHI) methodology to the MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) Global Vegetation Index (MGVI) across the over 1 million km2 province of Ontario, Canada. Results indicate the three DHI components varied significantly in their magnitude, principally because of MODIS fAPAR estimates being larger than those observed by MERIS fAPAR. However the relationship was, in general, temporally stable across the years and the residuals tended to be spatially consistent. We conclude that following inter-calibration the production of consistent indicators of habitat and biodiversity from different data sources is possible, thus supporting global terrestrial ecological research, policy support and management.