Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Analysis of Two Phase Saturated Nanofluid Influenced by Magnetic Field Gradient

Nanofluids are composed of nano-sized particles dispersed in a carrier liquid. The present investigation’s aim is to examine theoretically the magneto-thermomechanical coupling phenomena of a heated nanofluid on a stretched surface in the presence of magnetic dipole impact. Fourier’s law of heat conduction is used to evaluate the heat transmission rate of the carrier fluids ethylene glycol and water along with suspended nanoparticles of a cobalt–chromium–tungsten–nickel alloy and magnetite ferrite. A set of partial differential equations is transformed into a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations via a similarity approach. The computation is performed in Matlab by employing the shooting technique. The effect of the magneto-thermomechanical interaction on the velocity and temperature boundary layer profiles with the attendant effect on the skin friction and heat transfer is analyzed. The maximum and minimum thermal energy transfer rates are computed for the H2O-Fe3O4 and C2H6O2-CoCr20W15Ni magnetic nanofluids. Finally, the study’s results are compared with the previously available data and are found to be in good agreement.
Importance of the H2 abundance in protoplanetary disk ices for the molecular layer chemical composition (Research Note)

Context. Protoplanetary disks are the target of many chemical studies (both observational and theoretical) as they contain the building material for planets. Their large vertical and radial gradi ents in density and temperature make them challenging objects for chemical models. In the outer part of these disks, the large densities and low temperatures provide a particular environment where the binding of species onto the dust grains can be very effi cient and can affect the gas-phase chemical composition. Aims. We attempt to quantify to what extent the vertical abundance profiles and the integrated column densities of molecules pr edicted by a detailed gas-grain code are affected by the treatment of the molecular hydrogen physisorption at the surface of the grains. Methods. We performed three different models using the Nautilus gas-grain code. One model uses a H2 binding energy on the surface of water (440 K) and produces strong sticking of H2. Another model uses a small binding energy of 23 K (as if there were already a monolayer of H2), and the sticking of H2 is almost negligible. Finally, the remaining model is an int ermediate solution known as the encounter desorption mechanism. Results. We show that the effi ciency of molecular hydrogen binding (and thus its abundance at the surface of the grains) can have a quantitative effect on the predicted column densities in the gas phase of major species such as CO, CS, CN, and HCN.
Ethical dilemmas in psychological services in Ghana: the views of clinical psychologists

ABSTRACT Ethics reflects the moral principles upon which most professional practices rest. It forms the basis to do good, to do no harm, to respect others, and ensure justice. The purpose of this study was to investigate ethical dilemmas experienced by 20 clinical psychologists in Ghana. Semi-structured interviews were used to investigate ethical dilemmas faced in professional practice. Using thematic analysis, the reported dilemmas included third-party involvement, (sub-themes: Therapy with Minors, Marital Disclosures, Source of referral, Duty to Warn), Dual relationships (subthemes: Collegial Relationships, Power Differential in Relationships), Cultural competence, and Policies and practices. The findings showed that although some of these dilemmas are universal, others arise (e.g., cultural competence) from the general cultural context of Ghana and the professional culture within which clinical psychologists are socialized. Recommendations to assist clinical psychologists address ethical dilemmas in Ghana and implications for the development of ethical regulations in the country are addressed.
Lymphopenia Is Associated With Poor Outcomes of Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia and Sepsis

Abstract Background Lymphopenia is a marker of poor prognosis in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), yet its impact on outcomes in patients with CAP and sepsis remains unknown. We aim to investigate the impact of lymphopenia on outcomes, risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mortality in CAP patients with sepsis. Methods This was a retrospective, observational study of prospectively collected data from an 800-bed tertiary teaching hospital (2005–2019). Results Of the 2203 patients with CAP and sepsis, 1347 (61%) did not have lymphopenia, while 856 (39%) did. When compared with the nonlymphopenic group, patients with sepsis and lymphopenia more frequently required ICU admission (P = .001), had a longer hospital length of stay (P ˂ .001), and presented with a higher rate of in-hospital (P ˂ .001) and 30-day mortality (P = .001). Multivariable analysis showed that C-reactive protein ≥15 mg/dL, lymphopenia, pleural effusion, and acute respiratory distress syndrome within 24 hours of admission were risk factors for ICU admission; age ≥80 years was independently associated with decreased ICU admission. In addition, age ≥80 years, chronic renal disease, chronic neurologic disease, being a nursing home resident, lymphopenia, and pleural effusion were independently associated with increased 30-day mortality, whereas pneumococcal vaccination, diabetes mellitus, and fever were independently associated with reduced 30-day mortality. Conclusions Lymphopenia was independently associated with risk of ICU admission and higher in-hospital and 30-day mortality in patients with CAP and sepsis. Early identification of lymphopenia could help identify septic patients with CAP who require or will shortly require critical care.
Genome‐wide analysis of European sea bass provides insights into the evolution and functions of single‐exon genes

Abstract Several studies have attempted to understand the origin and evolution of single‐exon genes (SEGs) in eukaryotic organisms, including fishes, but few have examined the functional and evolutionary relationships between SEGs and multiple‐exon gene (MEG) paralogs, in particular the conservation of promoter regions. Given that SEGs originate via the reverse transcription of mRNA from a “parental” MEGs, such comparisons may enable identifying evolutionarily‐related SEG/MEG paralogs, which might fulfill equivalent physiological functions. Here, the relationship of SEG proportion with MEG count, gene density, intron count, and chromosome size was assessed for the genome of the European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Then, SEGs with an MEG parent were identified, and promoter sequences of SEG/MEG paralogs were compared, to identify highly conserved functional motifs. The results revealed a total count of 1,585 (8.3% of total genes) SEGs in the European sea bass genome, which was correlated with MEG count but not with gene density. The significant correlation of SEG content with the number of MEGs suggests that SEGs were continuously and independently generated over evolutionary time following species divergence through retrotranscription events, followed by tandem duplications. Functional annotation showed that the majority of SEGs are functional, as is evident from their expression in RNA‐seq data used to support homology‐based genome annotation. Differences in 5′UTR and 3′UTR lengths between SEG/MEG paralogs observed in this study may contribute to gene expression divergence between them and therefore lead to the emergence of new SEG functions. The comparison of nonsynonymous to synonymous changes (Ka/Ks) between SEG/MEG parents showed that 74 of them are under positive selection (Ka/Ks > 1; p = .0447). An additional fifteen SEGs with an MEG parent have a common promoter, which implies that they are under the influence of common regulatory networks.
Allelopathic potential of Ficusretusa L. leaf litter on understory vegetation in urban gardens

– Pruning Ficus trees in urban green spaces may lead to the accumulation and spread of their leaf litter on the understory vegetation. This study was conducted to evaluate the allelopathic effect of Ficus retusa L. leaf litter on the understory species in urban gardens. A field study showed that the plant cover and species richness of litter-affected plots were lower than those of litter-free areas. The litter-affected soils had substantially lower pH and higher electrical conductivity. In a greenhouse experiment, litter-affected soil significantly inhibited the emergence and growth of understory species selected for the purpose of this study: Melilotus indicus (L.) All. , Trifolium resupinatum L. and Amaranthus viridis L. Osmotic potentials equivalent to those of the litter-affected soils did not affect emergence or growth of these species. A spectrophotometric analysis indicated that the litter-affected soils contained larger amounts of phenolics and flavonoids. An HPLC analysis revealed that the litter-affected soils contained higher concentrations of free phenolic and flavonoid allelochemicals. These results demonstrate that F . retusa leaf litter may reduce plant cover and species richness. The significant inhibition in both field and greenhouse experiments could be attributed to phenolic and flavonoid allelochemicals released from the tree litter, as the osmotic potential of the litter had no effect on the understory species. The allelopathic potential of F. retusa leaf litter plays at least a partial role in reducing urban vegetation.
Indicator kriging applied to RMR geomechanical modelling in a Pb-Zn deposit case study

The opening of a mining enterprise requires knowledge of the geomechanical characteristics of the mineral deposit, which will be worked according to the use of parameters of stability and/or resistance of the material, as well as the discontinuities present in the rock. In this study, the Rock Mass Rating methodology was used to propose a geomechanical model in a lead and zinc deposit hosted in the sedimentary rocks of Camaquã Basin, Brazil. A geological model was created using the analysis of 50 drill holes with their geological descriptions, grouped into five lithological units, from base to top: rhythmite, lower sandstone, conglomerate, upper sandstone, and ore. The samples were regularized in composites of three meters in length, and then categorized into the five classes of the RMR system. Classes were estimated for each lithological unit using indicator kriging to obtain a model with the probability of each estimated block belonging to each RMR class, and thus the predominant class probabilities of each block. While it was possible to observe a predominance of class II (good rock) in the conglomerate, lower sandstone and ore, in the upper sandstone and rhythmite class III predominates (fair rock), and a few blocks were classified in class IV (poor rock) and V (very poor rock). Although the geomechanical model demonstrates the quality of the rock mass in general, being indispensable to more detailed studies, it is believed that the model allows greater safety in the classification of the rock mass and later use for slope stability and pit design.
Potential relationships between exposure to arsenic (As) in the environment and endemic disease in southwestern China

Donglin Li, Hucai Zhang, Fengqin Chang, Lizeng Duan and Yang Zhang 3 1. Institute for International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China 4 2. Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and 5 Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, Yunnan, China 6 *Corresponding author: Hucai Zhang 7 Donglin Li , E-mail: donglinli@mail.ynu.edu.cn 8 Hucai Zhang, E-mail: zhanghc@ynu.edu.cn 9 Fengqin Chang, E-mail: changfq@ynu.edu.cn 10 Lizeng Duan, E-mail: duanlizeng2019@ynu.edu.cn 11 Yang Zhang, E-mail: 414064473@qq.com 12 Declarations 13
The Impact of Environmental Concern on Intention to Reduce Consumption of Single-Use Bottled Water

The plastic bottles that are used for packaging water are harmful to the environment. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of consumers’ environmental concern on both their intention to reduce consumption of water sold in single-use plastic bottles and their actual behaviour. An extended version of the theory of planned behaviour is used as the main theoretical framework. Structural equation modelling is employed based on data gathered in 2020 from 1011 Polish respondents to test the study’s hypotheses. The results support the model, as all tested relations are statistically significant. More specifically, we confirm the indirect impact of environmental concern on both intention and behaviour concerning bottled water consumption (BWC): environmental concern is positively related to attitudes towards reducing BWC, subjective norms regarding reduction in BWC, perceived behavioural control over BWC, and perceived moral obligation to protect natural resources, all of which, in turn, are positively related to intention to reduce BWC. We also prove that intention to reduce BWC is positively related to consumption of non-bottled water. The results may serve to guide decision makers seeking to promote ecologically friendly behaviour.
Tibetan Plateau Precipitation Modulated by the Periodically Coupled Westerlies and Asian Monsoon

Knowledge of decadal‐centennial‐scale precipitation cycles is important for predicting the status of water resources and thus food security in the region influenced by the “Asian Water Tower” (the Tibetan Plateau, TP). However, the drivers of these precipitation cycles in the TP remain unclear. Here we present a 1,656‐years (5‐years‐resolution) mean annual precipitation record reconstructed by fossil pollen assemblages from the annually laminated sediments of a lake in the TP interior. The record reveals three dominant cycles, with lengths of ∼200‐, ∼88‐, and ∼60‐years, associated with changes in the Westerlies and the Asian monsoon. These precipitation cycles suggest that the current high precipitation in the TP interior results from the superposition of cyclic highs in precipitation, and this trend may continue for the next several decades.
Using the fuzzy technique to identification stochastic linear dynamic systems

Abstract The issue of dealing with the diagnostic process of any dynamic system is of great importance. Diagnostic becomes more difficult and complex in the case of non-stationary systems. This research deals with two diagnosis methods of dynamic systems, namely classical and logic diagnosis. The two methods were applied on teal data previously treated by Box and Jenkins (1976). The comparison has been done depending on checking many statistical, and engineering conditions. The results of fuzzy techniques were better than the classical techniques.
Effects of fine root characteristics of beech on carbon turnover in the topsoil and subsoil of a sandy Cambisol

Fine roots that enter mineral soil at different depths are a major source of organic carbon stored in forest soil. Little is known about the key factors that govern the mineralization kinetics of fine roots in topsoil compared with subsoil. Therefore, we analysed the effects of concentration, spatial distribution and size of fine beech roots on their rates of decomposition in the topsoil and subsoil of a sandy Cambisol. Undisturbed (intact soil columns) and disturbed (soil sieved < 2 mm) samples from the topsoil (2–10 cm) and subsoil (145–153 cm) were incubated for 365 days to determine the carbon dioxide emissions. The treatments included applications of fine roots that varied in size (length: <2 mm and 1–2 cm), different rates of application (2 and 8 g kg‐1) and spatial distribution (homogeneous and locally concentrated, i.e. localized). The mineralization was affected significantly at both depths by the rate of application (large rate > small rate) and in the topsoil by distribution (localized > homogeneous). The spatial distribution of large roots, but not smaller ones, affected rates of emission in subsoil but not in topsoil. Correlation analyses suggest an effect of the calcium and potassium supply on the microbial biomass and on the turnover of roots if these are locally concentrated. The data of this study suggest that in sandy soil the availability of macronutrients has to be considered complementary to root characteristics such as concentration, size and distribution to elucidate their decomposition kinetics throughout the soil profile.
Teacher-student interaction in mathematics learning

<span lang="IN">Teacher-students interaction is one of the most important interactions in learning. Teacher-students interaction affects student understanding. </span><span lang="IN">However, in practice, there are still many lessons that have not applied teacher-students interaction properly. </span><span lang="IN">This study aim</span><span lang="EN-US">ed</span><span lang="IN"> to reveal teacher-student interaction in the mathematics learning process that affects students’ mathematical understanding. </span><span lang="IN">This study use</span><span lang="EN-US">d</span><span lang="IN"> a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. </span><span lang="IN">The</span><span lang="IN">research subjects were eighth-grade junior high school students. Research data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. </span><span lang="IN">Observations were conducted in the eighth grade and interviews were conducted with six students from the class. The students were interviewed to express their opinions concerning learning process interactions. The results of this study show</span><span lang="EN-US">ed</span><span lang="IN"> that teacher-student interaction has affected students’ mathematical understanding consists of</span><span lang="EN-US">:</span><span lang="IN"> 1) The teacher transfers the material-the students attend to the material</span><span lang="EN-US">;</span><span lang="IN"> 2) Question-answer amid teacher-students</span><span lang="EN-US">;</span><span lang="IN"> 3) The teacher makes interesting learning strategies-students are actively involved in learning</span><span lang="EN-US">;</span><span lang="IN"> 4) Teachers give awards-students receive awards. </span>
A Content Analysis of Epistemological Beliefs in Education in the Turkey Context (2002-2020)

Epistemological beliefs refer to individuals’ beliefs about the nature of knowledge and knowledge acquisition. This paper aims at examining studies on epistemological beliefs in educational sciences in Turkey and presenting an in- depth analysis of these studies in terms of type, research design, year, data collection tools, discipline, study group, model used and associated variables. A qualitative research design was used in this study and a total of 195 articles, 43 doctoral theses and 94 MSc theses were examined using the document analysis method. Content analysis was conducted on the obtained data. The findings obtained in the present study revealed that the number of epistemological beliefs studies in educational sciences in the Turkey Context has increased year after year and teacher candidates were the most preferred sample among researchers. There were relatively few studies on primary and high school students, gifted students, faculty members, and teachers. a majority of the studies were on science and classroom education. It was found that in studies where quantitative research methods were mostly used, data were generally collected through scales. It was determined that unlike one-dimensional developmental models, Turkish researchers generally use Schommer's multidimensional epistemological belief system. The findings of the current study pointed out that epistemological beliefs were related to many key variables in the teaching-learning process. Based on the obtained results, the current picture of the epistemological beliefs studies on education in the Turkey context was presented and some suggestions for future research were made.
Iron-Water Interface under Electrochemical Condition

Spin polarized density functional theory calculations have been performed to characterize the structure of water molecules on iron surface under applied charges. It is found that water molecules of the contact layer take H-down configuration under the negative charge, on the other hand, under the positive charge, they adsorbed on a top site of iron atom, as the applied charge increases, the dissociation of water molecules proceed. In addition, we found that the energy shift of the Fermi level varies linearly in the range from-e to +e, while beyond this range it tends to saturate.
An Iranian patient affected by autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia due to a novel variant in the LDLRAP1 gene

Background: Autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia (ARH) is a rare monogenic disorder resulting from mutations of the LDLRAP1 gene, which leads to elevated LDL-C levels. Here, using whole exome sequencing (WES), we describe a 22-year-old Iranian female who carries a novel nonsense mutation in LDLRAP1. Methods: Genetic investigations were performed for the patient and her family. She showed LDL-C level of 720 mg/dL since the age of 11 years. At the age of 13 years old, aortic valve repair surgery was performed due to severe aortic valve stenosis (AVS). At the age of 17, along with prescription of rosuvastatin plus ezetimibe, coronary angiography displayed the presence of serious stenotic lesions of the coronary arteries and also aortic valve, making the patient eligible for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and aortic valve replacement (AVR). Results: Genetic analysis showed the presence of a previously unreported homozygous LDLRAP1 gene variant, c.649G>T, generating a nonsense mutation at amino acid 217, shortening the ARH protein from 308 to 217 amino acid, which removes AP-2 binding domain of ARH, as an important part in LDL uptake.Conclusion: During a 10-year treatment, we observed a 74% reduction in LDL-C level. Despite the treatment with maximal dose of rosuvastatin plus ezetimibe, the results of coronary angiography demonstrated severe supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) resulted in significant stenotic lesions of the coronary arteries and aortic valve. This highlights the importance of WES in early diagnosis of ARH, and it is proposed to prevent or at least delay the onset of the cardiovascular events.
Testing the analytical blind separation method in simulated CMB polarization maps

Context. Multi-frequency observations are needed to separate the cosmic microwave background (CMB) from foreground emission and accurately extract cosmological information from the data. The analytical blind separation (ABS) method is dedicated to extracting the CMB power spectrum from multi-frequency observations in the presence of contamination from astrophysical foreground emission and instrumental noise. Aims. In this study, we apply the ABS method to simulated sky maps as could be observed with a future space-borne survey in order to test its capability of determining the CMB polarization E- and B-mode power spectra. Methods. We present the ABS method performance on simulations for both a full-sky analysis and for an analysis concentrating on sky regions less impacted by Galactic foreground emission. Results. We discuss the origin and minimization of biases in the estimated CMB polarization angular power spectra. We find that the ABS method performs quite well for the analysis of full-sky observations at intermediate and small angular scales, in spite of strong foreground contamination. On the largest scales, extra work is still required to reduce biases of various origins and the impact of confusion between CMB E and B polarization for partial sky analyses.