Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of the coherent density fluctuation model to study the nuclear matter properties of finite nuclei within the relativistic mean-field formalism

We obtained a density-dependent analytical expression of binding energy per nucleon for different neutron-proton asymmetry of the nuclear matter (NM) with a polynomial fitting, which manifests the results of effective-field theory motivated relativistic mean-field (E-RMF) model. This expression has the edge over the Br\"uckner energy density functional [Phys. Rev. 171, 1188 (1968)] since it resolves the Coster-Band problem. The NM parameters like incompressibility, neutron pressure, symmetry energy, and its derivatives are calculated using the acquired expression of energy per nucleon. Furthermore, the weight function calculated by E-RMF densities are folded with calculated NM parameters within coherent density fluctuation model to find the properties of closed or semiclosed-shell even-even $^{16}\mathrm{O}, ^{40}\mathrm{Ca}, ^{48}\mathrm{Ca}, ^{56}\mathrm{Ni}, ^{90}\mathrm{Zr}, ^{116}\mathrm{Sn}$, and $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ nuclei. The values obtained for the neutron pressure ${P}^{A}$, symmetry energy ${S}^{A}$, and its derivative ${L}_{\mathrm{sym}}^{A}$ known as the slope parameter lie within a narrow domain whereas there is a large variation in isoscalar incompressibility ${K}^{A}$ and surface incompressibility ${K}_{\mathrm{sym}}^{A}$ while moving from light to heavy nuclei. The sizable variation in ${K}^{A}$ and ${K}_{\mathrm{sym}}^{A}$ for light and heavy nuclei depicts their structural dependence due to the peculiar density distribution of each nucleus. A comparison of surface quantities calculated in the present work has also been made with ones obtained via Br\"uckner energy density functional.
Bimodality of [α Fe]–[Fe/H] distributions is a natural outcome of dissipative collapse and disc growth in Milky Way-type galaxies

We present a set of self-consistent chemo-dynamical simulations of MW-type galaxies formation to study the origin of the bimodality of $\alpha$-elements in stellar populations. We explore how the bimodality is related to the geometrically and kinematically defined stellar discs, gas accretion and radial migration. We find that the two $\alpha$-sequences are formed in quite different physical environments. The high-$\alpha$ sequence is formed early from a burst of star formation (SF) in a turbulent, compact gaseous disc which forms a thick disc. The low-$\alpha$ stellar populations is the result of quiescent SF supported by the slow accretion of enriched gas onto a radially extended thin disc. Stellar feedback-driven outflows during the formation of the thick disc are responsible for the enrichment of the surrounding gaseous halo, which subsequently feeds the disc on a longer time-scale. During the thin disc phase, chemical evolution reaches an equilibrium metallicity and abundance, where the stars pile-up. This equilibrium metallicity decreases towards the outer disc, generating the ridgeline that forms the low-$\alpha$ sequence. We identify a second mechanism capable of creating a low-$\alpha$ sequence in one of our simulations. Rapid shutdown of the SF, provoked by the feedback at the end of the thick disc phase, suppresses the chemical enrichment of the halo gas, which, once accreted onto the star-forming disc, dilutes the ISM at the beginning of the thin disc formation. Both mechanisms can operate in a galaxy, but the former is expected to occur when SF efficiency ceases to be dominated by the formation of the thick disc, while the latter can occur in the inner regions. Being the result of the presence of low and high gas density environments, the bimodality is independent of any particular merger history, suggesting that it could be much more widespread than has been claimed.
Predicting the Outcomes of Material Syntheses with Deep Learning

A common bottleneck for materials discovery is synthesis. While recent methodological advances have resulted in major improvements in the ability to predicatively design novel materials, researchers often still rely on trial-and-error approaches for determining synthesis procedures. In this work, we develop a model that predicts the major product of solid-state reactions. The cardinal feature of this approach is the construction of fixed-length, learned representations of reactions. Precursors are represented as nodes on a `reaction graph', and message-passing operations between nodes are used to embody the interactions between precursors in the reaction mixture. Through an ablation study, it is shown that this framework not only outperforms less physically-motivated baseline methods but also more reliably assesses the uncertainty in its predictions.
Development and analysis of bread fortified with calcium extracted from chicken eggshells of Pakistani market

Eggs are used in enormous quantities throughout the world and food manufacturers produce thousands of tons of wasted chicken eggshell after processing. This poses a serious threat to the environment by causing waste disposal issues and pollution proliferation. Hence, calcium fortified foods have been placed on the market shelf in order to render improvement in recommended calcium intake (almost 1000 mg/day) in humans on daily basis (National Institutes of Health, 2020). This purpose of fortification is served by employing calcium derived from wide range of sources, such as calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, calcium from dairy products and cattle bone powder (Ray et al., 2017). Cereal flour is currently the most frequently used vehicle for calcium fortification. Unfortunately, calcium in cereal is poorly bioavailable due to presence of anti-nutritional factors like phytic acid that reduce its intestinal absorption which leads to calcium deficiency (Wimalawansa et al., 2018).
Convolutional neural network and long short-term memory based reduced order surrogate for minimal turbulent channel flow

We investigate the applicability of machine learning based reduced order model (ML-ROM) to three-dimensional complex flows. As an example, we consider a turbulent channel flow at the friction Reynolds number of $Re_\tau=110$ in a minimum domain which can maintain coherent structures of turbulence. Training data set are prepared by direct numerical simulation (DNS). The present ML-ROM is constructed by combining a three-dimensional convolutional neural network autoencoder (CNN-AE) and a long short-term memory (LSTM). The CNN-AE works to map high-dimensional flow fields into a low-dimensional latent space. The LSTM is then utilized to predict a temporal evolution of the latent vectors obtained by the CNN-AE. The combination of CNN-AE and LSTM can represent the spatio-temporal high-dimensional dynamics of flow fields by only integrating the temporal evolution of the low-dimensional latent dynamics. The turbulent flow fields reproduced by the present ML-ROM show statistical agreement with the reference DNS data in time-ensemble sense, which can also be found through an orbit-based analysis. Influences of the population of vortical structures contained in the domain and the time interval used for temporal prediction on the ML- ROM performance are also investigated. The potential and limitation of the present ML-ROM for turbulence analysis are discussed at the end of our presentation.
Drivers and impact of the seasonal variability of the organic carbon offshore transport in the Canary upwelling system

Abstract. The Canary upwelling system (CanUS) is a productive coastal region characterized by strong seasonality and an intense offshore transport of organic carbon (Corg) to the adjacent oligotrophic offshore waters. There, the respiration of this Corg substantially modifies net community production (NCP). While this transport and the resulting coupling of the biogeochemistry between the coastal and open ocean has been well studied in the annual mean, the temporal variability, and especially its seasonality, has not yet been investigated. Here, we determine the seasonal variability of the offshore transport of Corg, its mesoscale component, latitudinal differences, and the underlying physical and biological drivers. To this end, we employ the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) coupled to a nutrient–phytoplankton–zooplankton–detritus (NPZD) ecosystem model. Our results reveal the importance of the mesoscale fluxes and of the upwelling processes (coastal upwelling and Ekman pumping) in modulating the seasonal variation of the offshore Corg transport. We find that the region surrounding Cape Blanc (21∘ N) hosts the most intense Corg offshore flux in every season, linked to the persistent, and far reaching Cape Blanc filament and its interaction with the Cape Verde Front. Coastal upwelling filaments dominate the seasonality of the total offshore flux up to 100 km from the coast, contributing in every season at least 80 % to the total flux. The seasonality of the upwelling modulates the offshore Corg seasonality hundreds of kilometers from the CanUS coast via lateral redistribution of nearshore production. North of 24.5∘ N, the sharp summer–fall peak of coastal upwelling results in an export of more than 30 % of the coastal Corg at 100 km offshore due to a combination of intensified nearshore production and offshore fluxes. To the south, the less pronounced upwelling seasonality regulates an overall larger but farther-reaching and less seasonally varying lateral flux, which exports between 60 % and 90 % of the coastal production more than 100 km offshore. Overall, we show that the temporal variability of nearshore processes modulates the variability of Corg and NCP hundreds of kilometers offshore from the CanUS coast via the offshore transport of the nearshore production.
Oscillatory motion of a counterpropagating Kerr soliton dimer

Counterpropagating (CP) solitons generated in high-Q microcavities not only offer useful dual-comb sources, but also provide a new platform to study soliton interactions. Here, we demonstrate and theoretically explain a manifestation of soliton trapping that occurs between CP solitons in a silica microcavity introducing a Kerr soliton dimer. In conventional soliton trapping, the group velocities of two solitons can be synchronized by a Kerr-effect-mediated interaction. The solitons can then copropagate with a fixed temporal delay. However, as shown here, when counterpumping a microcavity using slightly detuned pump frequencies and in the presence of backscattering, the group velocities of clockwise and counterclockwise solitons undergo periodic modulation instead of being locked to a constant velocity. Upon emission from the microcavity, the solitons feature a relative oscillatory motion around a locked average relative displacement with an amplitude that can be larger than the soliton pulse width. This relative motion introduces a sideband fine structure into the optical spectrum of the CP solitons. Our observation provides insights on coherently pumped soliton dimers in microcavities.
Plasmonic and Hybrid Whispering Gallery Mode–Based Biosensors: Literature Review

Background: The term “plasmonic” describes the relationship between electromagnetic fields and metallic nanostructures. Plasmon-based sensors have been used innovatively to accomplish different biomedical tasks, including detection of cancer. Plasmonic sensors also have been used in biochip applications and biosensors and have the potential to be implemented as implantable point-of-care devices. Many devices and methods discussed in the literature are based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and localized SPR (LSPR). However, the mathematical background can be overwhelming for researchers at times. Objective: This review article discusses the theory of SPR, simplifying the underlying physics and bypassing many equations of SPR and LSPR. Moreover, we introduce and discuss the hybrid whispering gallery mode (WGM) sensing theory and its applications. Methods: A literature search in ScienceDirect was performed using keywords such as “surface plasmon resonance,” “localized plasmon resonance,” and “whispering gallery mode/plasmonic. ” The search results retrieved many articles, among which we selected only those that presented a simple explanation of the SPR phenomena with prominent biomedical examples. Results: SPR, LSPR, tilted fiber Bragg grating, and hybrid WGM phenomena were explained and examples on biosensing applications were provided. Conclusions: This minireview presents an overview of biosensor applications in the field of biomedicine and is intended for researchers interested in starting to work in this field. The review presents the fundamental notions of plasmonic sensors and hybrid WGM sensors, thereby allowing one to get familiar with the terminology and underlying complex formulations of linear and nonlinear optics. (JMIR Biomed Eng 2021;6(2):e17781) doi: 10.2196/17781
BIOLOGY EDUCATION STUDENTS’ ANALYSIS OF REASONING ON PLANT TAXONOMY COURSEWHITE RASCH MODEL

The reasoning is the stage of thinking that tries to connect facts or evidence to reach conclusions. The reasoning includes thinking and reasoning skills that support the formation and modification of concepts. The complexity of learning stages and reasoning gives results in inequality or low levels of reasoning owned by students. This study aimed to analyze the reasoning of students in the Plant Taxonomy course. This research used a descriptive quantitative design. This research used a test instrument administered on 36 students of Biology Education of UIN Raden Fatah Palembang with data collected using questions with indicators based on Toulmin's assessment (2003). The data analysis was conducted by analyzing the level of individual ability (person measure) to determine students' reasoning ability. The data analysis showed that one student had a logit person score of +3.05, namely student number 02, with a high reasoning category. There were twenty-four students, with a medium reasoning category. Two students have the lowest logit person score, namely students 08 and 14, with a logit person score of -0.49. The results indicated that generally, students had difficulty finding plant taxonomy concepts; therefore, thinking needed to be taught more in-depth, so students could manage the information received and conduct a good reasoning analysis in problem-solving
Using Forum Theatre to Develop Various Levels of Thinking Skills among Moral Education Students in Secondary School

Purpose –The power of forum theatre in education and various field is well known by educators. However, the use of forum theatre in Malaysia, particularly in the field of moral education, is still lacking and limited. At the same time, the development of thinking skills is one of the aims of the moral education curriculum in Malaysia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the use of forum theatre as a pedagogical tool in developing various levels of thinking skills among moral education students. Method –This study adopted a qualitative research design and was underpinned by Bloom’s revised taxonomy as the theoretical and analytical framework. A total of 14 moral education students participated in this study. Data were collected qualitatively using classroom observation, interviews, and journal writing. Thematic analysis was utilized to analyse and present the findings. Findings –The findings of this study reveal that various theatrical activities that underpinned the four elements of forum theatre-(i) writing a script, (ii) delivering a dialogue in an anti-model play, (iii) discussion and decision-making in a forum session, and (iv) improvisation in an intervention play-show the development of students’thinking skill level such as analysing, evaluating, and creating skills. Therefore, this study suggests that forum theatre can be used in moral education pedagogy to enhance higher order thinking skills (HOTS). Significance –Meaningful instructional pedagogy must inspire thinking skills to foster creativity and innovation among students. This is considered an important skill in 21st century learning. Therefore, these findings are beneficial for teachers, lecturers, parents, and instructional designers to plan and implement suitable teaching methods such as forum theatre to empower and improve students’ thinking skill levels.
Artefact-free image stitching via a better normed seam-cutting energy function

Image stitching, as the important ﬁeld of computer graphics and vision, has received much attention in recent years. Image stitching techniques are generally decomposed into two phases: image alignment, which aligns target images with the reference images; and image composition, which ﬁxes ghosting and visual artefacts. This work aims to propose a new strategy for the seam-cutting method which provides visually appealing result. Seam-cutting is one of the most inﬂuential methods in image composition, which can relieve artefacts and produce plausible results. However, it is observed that the state-of-the-art seam-cutting approaches usually lead to undesirable seams in some challenging scenes. Here, the authors put forward a novel seam-cutting method by deﬁning a new energy function. This method uses 5 ∕ 2 power of L 1 norm as a colour difference which can magnify the weight of colour distinction to avoid undesirable seams and artefacts. The proposed method can be easily implemented. The test images are collected from the public available challenging datasets and taken by ourselves. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can create comparable or even better stitching results compared to other state-of-the-art seam-cutting approaches.
How Asian aerosols impact regional surface temperatures across the globe

Abstract. South and East Asian anthropogenic aerosols mostly reside in an air mass extending from the Indian Ocean to the North Pacific. Yet the surface temperature effects of Asian aerosols spread across the whole globe. Here, we remove Asian anthropogenic aerosols from two independent climate models (ECHAM6.1 and NorESM1) using the same representation of aerosols via MACv2-SP (a simple plume implementation of the second version of the Max Planck Institute Aerosol Climatology). We then robustly decompose the global distribution of surface temperature responses into contributions from atmospheric energy flux changes. We find that the horizontal atmospheric energy transport strongly moderates the surface temperature response over the regions where Asian aerosols reside. Atmospheric energy transport and changes in clear-sky longwave radiation redistribute the temperature effects efficiently across the Northern Hemisphere and to a lesser extent also over the Southern Hemisphere. The model-mean global surface temperature response to Asian anthropogenic aerosol removal is 0.26±0.04 ∘C (0.22±0.03 for ECHAM6.1 and 0.30±0.03 ∘C for NorESM1) of warming. Model-to-model differences in global surface temperature response mainly arise from differences in longwave cloud (0.01±0.01 for ECHAM6.1 and 0.05±0.01 ∘C for NorESM1) and shortwave cloud (0.03±0.03 for ECHAM6.1 and 0.07±0.02 ∘C for NorESM1) responses. The differences in cloud responses between the models also dominate the differences in regional temperature responses. In both models, the northern-hemispheric surface warming amplifies towards the Arctic, where the total temperature response is highly seasonal and weakest during the Arctic summer. We estimate that under a strong Asian aerosol mitigation policy tied with strong climate mitigation (Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 1-1.9) the Asian aerosol reductions can add around 8 years' worth of current-day global warming during the next few decades.
Search for the lepton number violating decay 
Σ−→pe−e−
 and the rare inclusive decay 
Σ−→Σ+X

M. Ablikim, M. N. Achasov, P. Adlarson, S. Ahmed, M. Albrecht, R. Aliberti, A. Amoroso, M. R. An, Q. An, X. H. Bai, Y. Bai, O. Bakina, R. Baldini Ferroli , I. Balossino , Y. Ban , K. Begzsuren, N. Berger, M. Bertani , D. Bettoni , F. Bianchi, J. Bloms , A. Bortone, I. Boyko, R. A. Briere, H. Cai , X. Cai , A. Calcaterra , G. F. Cao , N. Cao , S. A. Cetin, J. F. Chang, W. L. Chang, G. Chelkov, D. Y. Chen, G. Chen, H. S. Chen, M. L. Chen, S. J. Chen, X. R. Chen, Y. B. Chen, Z. J Chen, W. S. Cheng, G. Cibinetto, F. Cossio , X. F. Cui, H. L. Dai, X. C. Dai, A. Dbeyssi, R. E. de Boer, D. Dedovich, Z. Y. Deng, A. Denig, I. Denysenko, M. Destefanis , F. De Mori , Y. Ding, C. Dong, J. Dong, L. Y. Dong, M. Y. Dong , X. Dong, S. X. Du, Y. L. Fan, J. Fang, S. S. Fang, Y. Fang, R. Farinelli , L. Fava, F. Feldbauer, G. Felici , C. Q. Feng, J. H. Feng, M. Fritsch, C. D. Fu, Y. Gao , Y. Gao , Y. Gao, Y. G. Gao, I. Garzia , P. T. Ge, C. Geng, E. M. Gersabeck, A Gilman, K. Goetzen, L. Gong, W. X. Gong , W. Gradl, M. Greco , L. M. Gu, M. H. Gu, S. Gu, Y. T. Gu, C. Y Guan, A. Q. Guo, L. B. Guo, R. P. Guo, Y. P. Guo, A. Guskov, T. T. Han, W. Y. Han, X. Q. Hao, F. A. Harris, K. L. He, F. H. Heinsius, C. H. Heinz, T. Held, Y. K. Heng, C. Herold, M. Himmelreich , T. Holtmann, G. Y. Hou, Y. R. Hou, Z. L. Hou, H. M. Hu, J. F. Hu, T. Hu, Y. Hu, G. S. Huang, L. Q. Huang, X. T. Huang, Y. P. Huang, Z. Huang, T. Hussain, W. Ikegami Andersson, W. Imoehl, M. Irshad, S. Jaeger, S. Janchiv , Q. Ji, Q. P. Ji, X. B. Ji, X. L. Ji , Y. Y. Ji, H. B. Jiang, X. S. Jiang , J. B. Jiao, Z. Jiao , S. Jin, Y. Jin, M. Q. Jing, T. Johansson , N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki,
Nonreciprocity of the wave-packet scattering delay in ballistic two-terminal devices

In the linear regime, transport properties of ballistic two-terminal devices are generally considered to be independent of the direction of the current. This two-terminal reciprocity applies to both the electron transmission and reflection probabilities. However, it does not apply to the scattering delays of wave packets. Indeed, four different time delays describe the transmission and reflection processes of wave packets arriving from the two terminals, respectively. Unlike the probabilities, these delays are direction dependent if the channel exchange symmetry of the scattering matrix is broken.
Avoidance, adjacency, and association in distributed systems design

Patterns of avoidance, adjacency, and association in complex systems design emerge from the system’s underlying logical architecture (functional relationships among components) and physical architecture (component physical properties and spatial location). Understanding the physical–logical architecture interplay that gives rise to patterns of arrangement requires a quantitative approach that bridges both descriptions. Here, we show that statistical physics reveals patterns of avoidance, adjacency, and association across sets of complex, distributed system design solutions. Using an example arrangement problem and tensor network methods, we identify several phenomena in complex systems design, including placement symmetry breaking, propagating correlation, and emergent localization. Our approach generalizes straightforwardly to a broad range of complex systems design settings where it can provide a platform for investigating basic design phenomena.
Modeling for the efficient separation of bio-active catechins from green tea leaves

ABSTRACT Catechins are important bio-actives for the prevention of free radical induced diseases such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, aging etc. The extraction and recovery of catechins from their most abundant source, green tea leaves employ specific extractants (tributyl phosphate, TBP) in solvent (n-decane) for higher selectivity, and ethanol as extracting and recovery agents, respectively. The yields of extraction and recovery of catechins vary nonlinearly with the various process variables. Consequently, the influences of the variables on the yields are found out and satisfactory models (R2 = 0.9866 and 0.9993 for extraction and recovery, respectively) are predicted through the Artificial Neural Network (ANN).