Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advanced Electrical Characterization of Semiconductor Nanowires

Over the past decade, semiconductor nanowires have emerged as a potential candidate for the continued miniaturization of microelectronics. However, there exist major problems in characterizing their basic electronic properties, which result from the difficulty of using conventional semiconductor characterization techniques such as the Hall effect on individual nanowires due to their small size and aspect ratio. As a result, alternative methods of quantifying their basic semiconducting properties, including carrier concentration and mobility are required. To date, the most common alternative to the Hall effect experiment is the field-effect transistor (FET) measurement, where the nanowire is assembled into a field-effect device and gated current-voltage curves are recorded. Extracting information about the carrier concentration and mobility from FET measurements, however, requires a precise knowledge of the electrostatics of the nanowire, which are usually neglected in favor of analytical approximations. In this work,a series of experiments and theoretical studies are presented, which are shown to both improve the accuracy of extracted values of carrier concentration and mobility as well as allow for the quantification of additional electronic properties such as the Fermi-level pinning position and the relative magnitudes of individual carrier scattering mechanisms. In chapter 2, finite element modeling of the electrostatics of nanowire-gate devices is used to evaluate the validity of assumptions used in common analytical capacitance formulas. It is shown that assumptions about the nanowire-gate geometry, the semiconducting nature of the wire, and length of the nanowire device lead to significant misestimations of the nanowire-gate capacitance, which can result in equally significant misestimations of carrier mobility and concentration. A method for quantitatively extracting Fermi level pinning information, using a combination of FET measurements and finite element electrostatics modeling, is presented in Chapter 3 using InN nanowires as an example. The results indicate that the Fermi-level at the non-polar sidewalls of the nanowires is pinned to between 0.6 - 0.8 eV below the conduction band minimum, in good agreement with InN thin films. In Chapter 4, universal mobility analysis is used to determine the relative magnitude of individual scattering mechanisms on carrier mobility using only FET measurements and thorough calculations of the nanowire-gate electrostatics. The techniques of extracting Fermi level pinning position and free carrier scattering mechanisms in Chapter 3 and 4 can be applied to single nanowires, which has yet to be reported elsewhere in the literature. Finally, Chapter 5 includes a theoretical study of the doping limitations of ultra-small diameter nanowires where quantum confinement appreciably perturbs the density of states.
Bounded Rationality and Strategic Uncertainty in a Simple Dominance Solvable Game

How much of the failures to achieve Pareto efficient outcome observed in a simple 2 2 dominance solvable game can be attributed to strategic uncertainty and how much is actually due to individual bounded rationality? We address this question by conducting a set of experiments involving two main treatments: one in which two human subjects interact, and another in which one human subject interacts with a computer program whose behavior is known. By making the behavior of the computer opponent perfectly predictable, the latter treatment eliminates strategic uncertainty. Our results suggest that observed coordination failures can be attributed equally to individual bounded rationality and strategic uncertainty.
ATINER ' s Conference Paper Series CBC 2013-0886

The index method is significant among the individual methods of scientific research. This work intends to develop ways to analyze the usage of transport indices as indicators of the character of market activity in logistical infrastructure at different levels. Transport indices only developed in the past decade; nevertheless, they have already developed a large degree of diversity. This makes systematization, classification, and identification of their distinguishing features all necessary. By their nature, freight indices are largely similar to stock market indices, in that they both show the average changes in some observed phenomenon, and that they both aim to describe the general changes in a process involving many factors. The authors propose a transport index classification with freight indices set aside in a separate group, depending on their intended applications and possible uses. As a result, based on the empirical analysis of the transport index and the stock market index, the level of interconnection between logistical infrastructure and market activity in the Russian economy has been defined, by applying the GARCH model. On the other hand, applying this methodology to the USA’s statistical transport index and stock market index gave no results. This once again confirms the necessity of setting freight indices aside in a separate group, as well as the futility of performing analytical procedures with statistically heterogeneous indexes.
Response to Referee 1 Water, Energy, and Carbon with Artificial Neural Networks (WECANN): A statistically-based estimate of global surface turbulent fluxes using solar- induced fluorescence (Manuscript # bg-2016-495)

A new global estimate of surface turbulent fluxes, including latent heat flux (LE), sensible heat flux (H), and gross primary production (GPP) is developed using a machine learning approach informed by remotely sensed Solar-Induced Fluorescence (SIF) and other radiative and meteorological variables. The approach uses an artificial neural network (ANN) with a 20 Bayesian perspective to learn from thethree training datasets: a. The combined target input dataset is generated using three independent data sources and a triple collocation (TC) algorithm to define a prior distribution. The new retrieval, named Water, Energy, and Carbon with Artificial Neural Networks (WECANN), provides surface turbulent fluxes from 2007 to 2015 at 1° × 1° spatial resolution and on monthly time resolution. The quality of ANN training is assessed using the target data, and the WECANN retrievals are validated using FLUXNET tower measurements across various climates and conditions. WECANN performs well 25 in most cases and is strongly constrained by SIF information. The impact of SIF on WECANN retrievals is evaluated by removing it from the input dataset of the ANN, and it shows that SIF has significant influence, especially in regions of high vegetation cover and in humid conditions.constrained by the SIF information. When compared to in situ eddy covariance observations, WECANN typically outperforms other estimates, particularly for sensible and latent heat fluxes. Uncertainty estimates of the retrievals are analysed and the inter-annual variability in average global and regional fluxes show distinct climatic events such as the impact of 30 El Niño on surface turbulent fluxes.
Illumination-invariant optical flow: Application to endoscopic image mosaicing

– Cette contribution traite du calcul du ﬂot optique dans des sc`enes faiblement textur´ees et affect´ees par des changements d’illumi-nations importants. Un nouveau descripteur invariant `a l’illumination est propos´e dans le terme d’attache aux donn´ees de la fonctionnelle `a minimiser. Un mod`ele local de changement d’illumination a ´et´e utilis´e pour prouver th´eoriquement que le descripteur est invariant `a des chan-gements complexes d’´eclairage. Des tests avec des images simul´ees et des donn´ees endoscopiques r´eelles (cliniques) permettent d’´evaluer la pr´ecision du ﬂot optique et de mettre en lumi`ere la robustesse induite par le descripteur. Abstract – This contribution deals with the optical ﬂow computation in weakly textured scenes affected by strong illumination changes. The data-term is based on a new illumination invariant patch-based descriptor which also preserves the texture information. An illumination change model was used to theoretically prove that the descriptor is invariant to complex illumination changes. Tests with complicated simulated images and challenging clinical endoscopic data allowed us to assess the accuracy of the OF and to highlight the robustness induced by the descriptor.
Numerical analysis of parabolic problems with dynamic boundary conditions

Space and time discretizations of parabolic differential equations with dynamic boundary conditions are studied in a weak formulation that fits into the standard abstract formulation of parabolic problems, just that the usual L^2(\Omega) inner product is replaced by an L^2(\Omega) \oplus L^2(\Gamma) inner product. The class of parabolic equations considered includes linear problems with time- and space-dependent coefficients and semilinear problems such as reaction-diffusion on a surface coupled to diffusion in the bulk. The spatial discretization by finite elements is studied in the proposed framework, with particular attention to the error analysis of the Ritz map for the elliptic bilinear form in relation to the inner product, both of which contain boundary integrals. The error analysis is done for both polygonal and smooth domains. We further consider mass lumping, which enables us to use exponential integrators and bulk-surface splitting for time integration.
GNSS Shadow Matching: Improving Urban Positioning Accuracy Using a 3D City Model with Optimized Visibility Scoring Scheme

Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning is widely used in land vehicle and pedestrian navigation systems. Nevertheless, in urban canyons GNSS remains inaccurate due to building blockages and reflections, especially in the cross-street direction. Shadow matching is a new technique, recently proposed for improving the cross-street positioning accuracy using a 3D model of the nearby buildings. This paper presents a number of advances in the shadow-matching algorithm. First, a positioning algorithm has been developed, interpolating between the top-scoring candidate positions. Furthermore, a new scoring scheme has been developed that accounts for signal diffraction and reflection. Finally, the efficiency of the process used to generate the grid of building boundaries used for predicting satellite visibility has been improved. Real-world GNSS data has been collected at 22 different locations in central London to provide the first comprehensive and statistical performance analysis of shadow matching. © 2013 Institute of Navigation.
Optical and Structural characterization of low dose gamma irradiated Zinc Oxide ( ZnO ) thin films prepared by Electrostatic spray pyrolysis

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin films of 150 nm thickness were prepared by electrostatic spray pyrolysis and subjected to gamma irradiation of 5 Gy, 10 Gy and 15 Gy dose. The as-deposited and irradiated films were subjected to XRD, SEM and UV-VIS spectrophotometer characterizations. XRD pattern of as-deposited and irradiated ZnO thin films were amorphous hexagonal wurtzite structure with preferred orientation along (100) plane. The SEM images exhibited aggregated nanosized particles with visible voids and the exposed ZnO thin films become more and more uniform with fewer voids. The optical band gap and energies band tail of localised states of ZnO thin films decreases with increase in gamma irradiation dose.
UTILIZATION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE DISTILLERAY WASTE WATER FOR PRODUCTION OF DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID Original Article

Objective: The marine thaustochytrid Schizochytrium sp known to produce docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid with food and pharmaceutical applications. In the present study, distillery waste was studied as an alternative carbon source for DHA production. Methods: Alcohol beverage distillery wastewater contains significant amounts of proteins and formal-type (free) amino acids, which were used as a raw material for growth of the organism and production of DHA, further effect of carbon, nitrogen, temperature, sea salt initial pH and oxygen transfer rate was studied for DHA production. Results: In the present study, alcoholic beverage distillery wastewater was used as a medium component, which is one of the major pollutants and of concern to the environmental scientists worldwide. The DHA accumulation in the total lipid was found to be 30 % by using 1 % glucose with the productivity of 55.8 g/l of lipid. The sea salt was optimized to be used at 35 g/l which resulted in best lipid production. Further optimization studies were carried out to improve the biomass yield as well as DHA yield. Conclusion: In the present research work it was concluded that alterations in various physiochemical conditions like carbon sources, nitrogen sources, temperature, salt concentration, pH showed a major effect on the increase in DHA production This study highlights optimum conditions for increasing DHA production by Scizochytrium sp. The research work gives insight into the rapidly gaining high production of polyunsaturated fatty acids using a cheaper raw material.
Evaluation of Fat Binding Capacity of Gamma Irradiated Chitosan Extracted from Prawn Shell

We previously studied the effects of 2–100 kGy gamma radiation (generated from 6°Co) on physicochemical, thermal, morphological, and antimicrobial properties of chitosan. The results demonstrated that these properties of chitosan were largely influenced by the action of gamma radiation. In addition, the fat binding capacity (FBC) of chitosan was found to be increased with increasing irradiation doses. In this work a thorough in-vivo investigation on mice was performed to examine FBC of irradiated chitosan (30–100 kGy) in animal bodies. Different groups of mice specimens were fed with γ-irradiated chitosan along with natural rodent chow and cheese as well as sufficient supply of water. The unconsumed lipid measured in feces was found to increase by 67% in mice whose diet included 100 kGy irradiated chitosan, relative to that nonirradiated chitosan. After twelve weeks of intimate observation, mice were sacrificed to examine triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) content in mice blood. The results demonstrated that TG and TC values of mice fed with γ-irradiated chitosan were significantly lower than that of the control. All of these findings are expected to enhance the future research on irradiated chitosan to be used as potential fat reducer in human metabolism.
Injury Prediction in Elite Ice Hockey using Machine Learning

—Sport clubs are always searching for innovative ways to improve performance and obtain a competitive edge. Sports analytics today is focused primarily on evaluating metrics thought to be directly tied to performance. Injuries indirectly decrease performance and cost substantially in terms of wasted salaries. Existing sports injury research mainly focuses on correlating one speciﬁc feature at a time to the risk of injury. This paper provides a multidimensional approach to non-contact injury prediction in Swedish professional ice hockey by applying machine learning on historical data. Several features are correlated simultaneously to injury probability. The project’s aim is to create an injury predicting algorithm which ranks the different features based on how they affect the risk of injury. The paper also discusses the business potential and strategy of a start-up aiming to provide a solution for predicting injury risk through statistical analysis.
A Review on personalization in Mobile Learning

Over the last decade, several studies and researches showed the importance and the necessity to use mobile learning during the learning/teaching process. Mobile Learning (ML), nowadays gains more attention technically and pedagogically. This review of literature deals with the personalization issue in mobile learning, and how agents can be used to support solving this issue, the main objective of this study is to review recent and up to date studies on personalization in mobile learning and find if there are any gaps in the existing literature. The review process started with a primary search which resulted (200)articles, then preparing a checklist(Aims, Research Design, framework, and Justification of the findings), after that selecting the most relevant articles (27) according to some general questions, then the analysis process started and resulted some gaps in the existing literature. Results shows that most of the studies concentrate on one issue of the personalization such as (Device Capabilities, Student Level, Student‟s Preferences, Network Issues, Course ”Subject”, Device Operating System, and Location), also most of them assure that agents are a solution for personalization in mobile learning. So there is a need for more investigating on how to deploy agents more effectively to support more personalization in mobile learning.
Male and Female Voles do not Differ in Their Assessments of Predation Risk

Abstract: A forager's willingness to trade off safety for food varies with its energetic state. Animals in a low energetic state should accept higher risk than animals with larger energy reserves. In mammals, energy expenditure by females on gestation and lactation may exceed the relatively low cost of sperm production by males. It follows, if reproductive costs are indeed higher for females than for males, that reproductive females may be more likely than males to trade safety for food. Thus, we evaluated the use of safe versus risky foraging patches by male and female meadow voles using putatively safe and risky habitats. We also used behavioural trials to assess whether sexual differences in personality could account for any differences in patch use. Voles preferred to forage in safe patches over risky ones. There was no difference between male and female voles, or between reproductive and non-reproductive individuals, in their respective use of safe versus risky foraging patches. Personality also had no effect on patch choice. The results are consistent with recent studies on other species that have failed to find differences in reproductive costs between the sexes. Experiments on foraging behaviour might thus provide simple and repeatable tests for sexual differences and similarities in reproductive costs.
Development of a Markerless Gene Deletion System for HSV-1

HSV-1 is a widespread human pathogen that causes various diseases worldwide, highlighting the need for novel approaches to treatment and prevention. However, the lack of some efficient gene deletion techniques has hampered the pathological studies, pharmaceutical research and vaccines development of this virus. In this study, we developed an efficient and markerless deletion system mainly composed of two recombinant plasmids, BAC-HSV-1 and pREDI. And the homologous fragment “a-c-Kan-sacB-b-c” used in this system contained three homology regions and two selection markers (positive/ counter). Rapid deletion was achieved in three steps: (1) amplification of homologous fragment; (2) antibiotic and sucrose screening of recombinants; and (3) BAC excision. The overall deletion efficiency was greater than 83.9%. We were the first to develop a special in-vitro gene deletion system to aim to delete HSV-1 genes. And we had successfully deleted the ICP34.5, UL5, UL41, UL29, and US8 genes of HSV-1 and conducted preliminary analysis of the virus titer of mutants.
Limitations in the tissue culture of Indian sandalwood tree ( Santalum album L . )

The tissue culture of Indian sandalwood (Santalum album L.) has been extensively studied, mainly for its rapid propagation technology. Santalum album is believed to be the first woody species for which somatic embryogenesis was reported. Despite significant advances, there are still many problems blocking the two basal modes of regeneration, namely, shoot organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis, regardless of other modifications such as protoplast culture or genetic transformation. Without doubt, studies on shoot organogenesis or/and somatic embryogenesis from explants to induce adventitious shoots or somatic embryos of all stages will be continue to be published, but reliable and efficient solutions to the limitations of S. album tissue culture are needed. This review highlights these problems, and introduces some physiological and biochemical changes during shoot organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. Finally, we discuss future research directions for the tissue culture of Indian sandalwood, aiming at a call for more studies that address these problems which hinder the full application of sandalwood tissue culture.
REPRESENTATION OF A 2-POWER AS SUM OF k 2-POWERS: THE ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR

A k-representation of an integer l is a representation of l as sum of k powers of 2, where representations differing by the order are considered as distinct. Let be the maximum number of such representations for integers l whose binary representation has exactly σ non-zero digits. can be recovered from via an explicit formula, thus in some sense is the fundamental object. In this paper we prove that tends to a computable limit as k diverges. This result improves previous bounds which were obtained with purely combinatorial tools.
Stray Light Analysis in ASAP

Stray light is unwanted light. It is light that leads to poor system performance and possibly product, or mission, failure. Stray light obscures faint signals, decreases the signal-to-noise ratio, reduces contrast, creates inaccurate radiometric and photometric results, and destroys optical elements and detectors in high-energy laser systems. Stray light arises from optical and mechanical surfaces, such as lenses, edge diffraction from stops and baffles, unwanted diffraction orders from gratings, and thermal emissions.