Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PELAGIC LARVAL DURATION AND MORPHOLOGY AT RECRUITMENT OF STIPHODON PERCNOPTERYGIONUS ( GOBIIDAE : SICYDIINAE )

– We examined the pelagic larval duration (PLD) of Stiphodon percnopterygionus (Gobiidae: Sicydiinae) using the sagittal otoliths of pelagic larvae, settled larvae and juveniles before or after recruitment into streams on Okinawa Island, Southern Japan. We also provide descriptions of larval morphologies. Pelagic larvae [13.5 14.2 mm in standard length (SL)] just before recruitment were collected at the surf zones of beaches near mouths of streams. The larvae had a transparent body, a conspicuous swim bladder and emarginate caudal fin. Compared with the pelagic larvae, settled larvae (12.7 13.6 mm SL) collected at freshwater areas of streams were more pigmented, but they were still essentially transparent with an emarginate caudal fin. The PLD of S. percnopterygionus was estimated to be 78 146 days (mean ± SD = 99 ± 16 days; n = 45).
Implementation of Carlson based Fractional Differentiators in Control of Fractional Order Plants

This paper presents reduced integer order models of fractional differentiators. A two step procedure is followed. Using the Carlson method of approximation, approximated second iteration models of fractional differentiators are obtained. This method yields transfer function of high orders, which increase the complexity of the system and pose difficulty in realization. Hence, three reduction techniques, Balanced Truncation method, Matched DC gain method and Pade Approximation method are applied and reduced order models developed. With these models, fractional Proportional-Derivative and fractional Proportional-Integral-Derivative controllers are implemented on a fractional order plant and closed loop responses obtained. The authors have tried to reflect that the Carlson method in combination with reduction techniques can be used for development of good lower order models of fractional differentiators. The frequency responses of the models obtained using the different reduction techniques are compared with the original model and with each other. Three illustrative examples have been considered and their performance compared with existing systems.
Sliding Mode Control of Nonlinear Coupled Tank System

Sliding mode control is a powerful approach for controlling nonlinear and uncertain systems. This paper presents the liquid level control of the nonlinear-coupled tank system using sliding mode control technique. At first, a static sliding mode control technique is proposed to control level height of the second tank. According to the chattering problem that happened with static sliding mode control, integral sliding mode controller is suggested to reduce the chattering problem, as well as guarantee the asymptotic stability of the feedback system. The closed loop system is simulated using MATLAB Simulink to demonstrate the characteristic performance of the developed control approaches. Therefore, the simulation results indicate that the proposed control schemes work very well. While, the integral sliding mode control has a better performance for the rejection of disturbance, as well as the system’s parameters variation.
Effects of Intense Exercise on Baseline Ventricular Function and Inotropic, Chronotropic and Lusitropic Response in Mice

El ejercicio leve a moderado reduce los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, mejora estados patologicos previamente establecidos y produce el desarrollo de hipertrofia cardiaca adaptativa. Sin embargo, la respuesta del miocardio frente a un tipo de ejercicio intenso no es del todo conocida. Objetivo Estudiar la funcion ventricular basal y la reserva miocardica (respuesta inotropica, cronotropica y lusitropica frente a un agonista β-adrenergico como el isoproterenol) luego de un tipo de ejercicio intenso tanto in vivo como in vitro en ratones. Material y metodos Se utilizaron ratones macho de tres meses de edad de la cepa FVB. El protocolo de ejercicio consistio en dos sesiones diarias de 90 minutos de natacion, 6 dias/semana durante 4 semanas. Se conformaron dos grupos experimentales: 1) Sedentario: no realiza ejercicio y 2) Ejercicio: realiza protocolo completo de natacion intenso. ResultadosAl finalizar el protocolo hubo un incremento de la masa ventricular izquierda del 27,9% ± 4%, con funcion ventricular basal conservada. Sin embargo, hubo una disminucion de la respuesta miocardica al isoproterenol tanto in vivo como in vitro, sin observarse modificaciones en el colageno intersticial. Conclusiones En nuestras condiciones experimentales, el protocolo de natacion, con caracteristicas de ejercicio intenso, produjo una hipertrofia cardiaca moderada con caracteristicas mixtas de hipertrofia adaptativa y no adaptativa. Si bien la funcion basal se mantuvo conservada y no hubo cambios en el colageno intersticial, se observo una disminucion en la reserva inotropica, cronotropica y lusitropica.
Making Sense of Male Experience The Case of Academic Underachievement in the English‐speaking Caribbean

Summaries During the twentieth century gender achievement in education has undergone a major transformation in the English‐speaking Caribbean. Males are now the underachievers on global indicators, especially at the higher levels of the system. Yet males still overachieve in many fields where they have traditionally dominated. Although females' achievement in formerly male dominated areas gets a lot of attention, the failure of males to make any headway in fields traditionally dominated by females has been ignored. The current situation is best understood as differential gender achievement connected to an underlying historic male privileging rather than male underachiement due to some form of male marginalization. This proposition is explored drawing on a wide range of Caribbean research. A dynamic analysis is presented on how socio‐economic change has impacted on academic achievement through factors operating at the level of the household and community, in school and at the workplace. Implications for policy are also discussed indicating the different approach adopted by the competing perspectives on gender and educational achievement.
Dynamics of Cocoa Bean Pulp Degradation during Cocoa Bean Fermentation: Effects of Yeast Starter Culture Addition

Fermentation is a crucial step in the post-harvest processing of cocoa beans. This process comprises mixed culture microbi al activities on the cocoa bean pulp, producing metabolites that act as import ant precursors for cocoa flavour development. Variations in the microbial po pulation dynamics during the fermentation process may induce changes in the overall process. Thus, the introduction of a specific microbial starter cultur e may improve the quality of the fermentation. This article discusses the effects of the addition of Saccharomyces cerevisae var. Chevalieri starter culture on cocoa bean ferm entation. The dynamics in the yeast concentration, sugary pulp co mpounds and metabolic products were measured during fermentation. The alterations in the dynamic metabolite profile were significant, although only a slight difference was observed in the yeast population. A higher fermenta tion index was measured for the cocoa bean fermentation with yeast starter cult ure, 1.13 compared to 0.84. In conclusion, this method can potentially be applied to shorten the cocoa bean fermentation time.
Constraint–based Tutors

Intelligent Computer tutoring Group (ICTG) has developed several constraint-based tutors. We adopted and enhanced Constraint-Based Modeling (CBM), a student modeling approach proposed by Ohlsson (1994). In this interactive demo, we will present our three database tutors, which have also been commercialized on the Addison-Wesley’s DatabasePlace Web portal (http://www.awbc.com/databaseplace/). All our ITSs are Web-enabled, and their typical architecture is shown in Figure 1. The session manager is responsible for taking care of student sessions, and logging their actions. The student communicates with the ITS through an interface served in a Web browser. Student models are generated and maintained by a student modeller. The student’s solution is diagnosed by matching it to the constraints describing the domain principles. The pedagogical module determines the timing and content of pedagogical actions. The optional components involve the problem solver, the group modeller and modules supporting open student models and metacognitive skills. We have performed more than 30 studies in real classrooms since 1998. Our database tutors have proved to be very effective in supporting deep learning, and are well liked by students.
Determining User Influence on a Social Network

In recent years, social network services have become very popular across the globe. These include Facebook, Twitter, Flickr, Pinterest, Tumblr, LinkedIn and Google+. Facebook, with more than 1 billion users is most popular. It allows integration with third party applications, including games. Mopsi is a location based application which provides services such as finding the location of friends, photo sharing, tracking and chatting. It is also integrated with Facebook and enables users to upload their content (photos and routes) on Facebook. Since a large number of photos are uploaded on Facebook via Mopsi, such photos can be used as a means of advertising on Facebook. Influence of users in a social network has been studied by various researchers. Influence affects the diffusion of information in the network, which is of interest to the social media strategy of the business world. In our research, we rely on users’ activity data such as likes and comments of users’ photos and develop a method for identifying influential users in Facebook. We design predictive model for estimating user influence, conduct temporal analysis of user response, and build a predictive popularity model to determine best time and day for uploading photo. We validate our results by online survey. The results show that average likes received by a female user is greater than a male user. A user who has relatively more male friends are more influential than others, on average. A female user with male dominant friend list seems to be best combination for attracting likes and comments. A user with more friends is relatively more influential than those with less friends, on average. About 80% of total comments on a popular photo are received within 24 hours of uploading it. Early comment makers are more influenced than late comment makers. Most of the popular photos are uploaded on Sunday and Monday, and during morning and night time. Popularity of a photo correlates with day and time of uploading the photo, user’s gender, friends and gender of user’s friends. http://www.usatoday. com/story/tech/2012/10/04/facebook-tops-1-billion-users/1612613/ http://cs.uef. fi/mopsi Using these results, we outline a new business model for Mopsi by enabling companies target their advertisements at users with favourable characteristics.
Knowledge in Neuroscience Can Help Us Avoid Underperforming Leaders

The aim of this review is to present a new thinking for the evaluation and recruitment of leaders, to avoid underperforming leaders. To understand the problem and better predict the outcome, we need to know what controls the decisions of leaders. State of the art in psychology and neuroscience today has tools to perform this. These tools do not include the traditional traits. Our decisions are controlled by a few information processing networks, where cingulate cortex and insular cortex probably have a controlling role. This is also where we would expect our first individual impressions to be stored. The consequences of having different early experiences have been documented in attachment research, including several longitudinal studies. This research has contributed to the knowledge explaining why some leaders underperform or are detrimental, and it can be used for predictions in a leadership context. A significant difference between persons who had a rich early development and those who had a poor early development is their abilities to handle complexity and uncertainty, to have a good moral judgment, to understand other persons, to have integrity in conflicts, and to distinguish between appearance and reality. The five basic features that are focused are: trust in others, trust in self, flexibility, truthfulness, and responsibility.
PERACUTE INFECTION OF ACTINOBACILLUS PLEUROPNEUMONIAE SEROTYPE 1 IN GUINEA PIGS

This experiment was performed to study gross and microscopic lung lesions after endotracheal inoculation with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A. pleuropneumoniae) serotype 1 in twenty-four guinea pigs. Four-six hours post inoculation, clinical signs of respiratory distress and epistasis were observed. Most of the infected animals suddenly died during this time. The differences between the pulmonary lesions were evaluated. In this experiment, the lesions of peracute infection by A. pleuropneumoniae were induced within 4-6 hours and the lesions of subacute infection, characterized by fibrinopurulent pleuritis were observed in surviving animals 18-20 hours post inoculation. The results suggested that guinea pigs could be used as a model for the study the pathogenesis of A. pleuropneumoniae infection in pigs.
Underwater Acoustics Session 4 pUW : Sparse Process Modeling Techniques for Acoustic Signal Processing

We consider the problem of beamforming using fewer snapshots than the number of sensors, using sparse recovery of the signal vector. Given an array of sensors in an environment and signals impinging on the array, it is of practical interest to be able to estimate the direction of arrival and power of the signals using as few snapshots as possible. In a sparse recovery framework, the signal vector is modeled as a sparse vector in the bearing domain. By casting the beamforming operation as an $\ell^1$ minimization problem (as opposed to the conventional $\ell^2$ minimization), the signal vector can be recovered. The angular resolution of this approach is much higher than the Rayleigh limit, which determines the resolution for the conventional beamformer. The results are demonstrated using simulations.
Large Eddy Simulation of a Finite Swept Wing undergoing Plunging Manoeuvre

Simulations of the flow over a heaving NACA0012 finite wing are conducted to study the effect of sweep on the separated flow phenomena on the suction surface. An extensively-validated high-fidelity largeeddy simulation (LES) approach is used to examine the unsteady aerodynamic loads and flow structures at Reynolds number Rec = 20,000 based on the chord. The simulations are carried out for reduced frequency k=0.94, a chord-normalized peak-to-peak amplitude of A/c=0.5, sweep angles ⇤ = 0 and ⇤ = 40 and angle of attack of 15 , representing post-stall conditions. Comparisons to experiment show good agreement in the time-averaged lift for ⇤ = 0 . The effect of sweep was found to result in a decrease in the time-averaged lift, maximum lift value as well as a delay in the dynamic stall process. A series of instantaneous spanwise vorticity plots show significant spanwise variations in the reverse flow region that develops over the suction surface during the start of the downstroke, giving rise to instabilities in the detached shear layer. For ⇤ = 0 the LEV is highly three-dimensional near the tip region whereas it appears to be more two-dimensional for ⇤ = 40 . A comparison of the ⇤ = 0 swept-wing with span-periodic (2D) computations show strong similarities of the dynamic stall vortex structure around the mid span region.
Facial Expression Recognition by Holistic and Geometrically Integrated Subspace

This paper demonstrates mainly on feature extraction by analytic and holistic methods and proposes a novel approach for feature level fusion for efficient expression recognition. Gabor filter magnitude feature vector is fused with upper part geometrical features and phase feature vector is fused with lower part geometrical features respectively. Both these high dimensional feature dataset has been projected into low dimensional subspace for de-correlating the feature data redundancy by preserving local and global discriminative features of various expression classes of JAFFE, YALE and FD databases. The effectiveness of subspace of fused dataset has been measured with different dimensional parameters of Gabor filter. The experimental results reveal that performance of the subspace approaches for high dimensional proposed feature level fused dataset compared with state of art approaches.
RNA Editing - ReadingSample

RNA editing belongs to the large group of processing reactions that are required to convert primary RNA transcripts into mature and functional transcripts. The main determinants of specificity rest in the three-dimensional structures of RNA and protein molecules that act in concert to coordinate and regulate the posttranscriptional steps in gene expression. Many highresolution structures of RNA–protein complexes, including the ribosome, have become available during the last decade and have offered detailed views of the intracellular RNA world. The focus of this review is to highlight the contributions of RNA structure to the specificity and efficiency of RNA editing. Editing occurs by a variety of mechanisms, but the fidelity of the reactions critically depends on the specific sequences and structures of the RNA molecules involved and on their recognition by trans-acting factors, including proteins and RNA. Hence, the editing machineries, also termed “editosomes”, make Genetics, Darmstadt University of Technology, Schnittspahnstr. 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; mhomann@hrzpub.tu-darmstadt.de
Assessing dispersal in threatened migratory birds using stable hydrogen isotope (δD) analysis of feathers

Management decisions involving species at risk are typically made in the face of sub- stantial biological uncertainty. Incorporating uncertainty into decision-making allows managers to perform risk/benefit analysis. Stable hydrogen isotope ratios (δD) provide a tool for studying large- scale movements of migratory organisms and can contribute to the management of migratory spe- cies at risk. However, this analytical approach is based on predicted precipitation amount-weighted average deuterium (δDp) values, and individual years of interest can involve substantial departures from long-term averages. Local growing-season δDp at locations within the Great Plains of North America deviates from that described by GIS-based models of δDp derived from long-term estimates based on the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP). We augmented the GNIP dataset with information from the US Network for Isotopes in Precipitation database for sites in the Great Plains, refining a previously published isoscape for inferring origins of migratory wildlife. Accounting for longitude and the coefficient of variation within precipitation in a single year at specific locations allowed us to determine year- and site-specific estimates of δDp and esti- mated rates of long-distance dispersal for 3 species of grassland songbirds based upon δD values of feathers (δDf). Using a likelihood-based approach to classify individuals as 'local' or 'immigrant,' we incorporated uncertainty in making these designations. This approach provides a convenient tool to effectively communicate research results to policy makers, who must make decisions at the level of risk which they are willing to assume when determining management strategies.
Flows Through Real Porous Media: X-Ray Computed Tomography, Experiments, and Numerical Simulations

Two different direct-forcing immersed boundary methods (IBMs) were applied for the purpose of simulating slow flow through a real porous medium: the volume penalization IBM and the stress IBM. The porous medium was a random close packing of about 9000 glass beads in a round tube. The packing geometry was determined from an X-ray computed tomography (CT) scan in terms of the distribution of the truncated solid volume fraction (either 0 or 1) on a three-dimensional Cartesian grid. The scan resolution corresponded to 19.3 grid cells over the mean bead diameter. A facility was built to experimentally determine the permeability of the packing. Numerical simulations were performed for the same packing based on the CT scan data. For both IBMs the numerically determined permeability based on the Richardson extrapolation was just 10% lower than the experimentally found value. As expected, at finite grid resolution the stress IBM appeared to be the most accurate IBM. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4025311]
Morphophysiogenetic characterization of wild poinsettia biotypes with low resistance to glyphosate

The objective of this work was to compare wild poinsettia ( Euphorbia heterophylla ) biotypes as to their morphological characteristics, as well as to determine their genetic similarity in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and to confront the light compensation point of susceptible biotypes and of biotypes with low-resistance level to glyphosate. Besides the morphology analysis, the study included the genetic characterization, by AFLP, of susceptible (GR 50 = 58.65 g ha -1 a.e.) biotypes and of biotypes with low resistance (GR 50 = 310.36 g ha -1 a.e.) to glyphosate. The competitive ability of the biotypes was inferred according to their light compensation point. The observed morphological characteristics do not allow to differentiate biotypes as to their geographical location, or their resistance level to glyphosate. The genetic analysis identified low genetic diversity among the 15 tested biotypes, with a large amount of subgroups. The biotypes with low resistance formed an isolated group. The susceptible biotypes showed the lowest values of light compensation point and, possibly, they have a greater competitive ability under low-luminosity conditions. The evaluated characteristics do not enable to differentiate genotypes with different levels of glyphosate resistance.
Interactions of Elevated CO2 and Nitrogen Fertilization: Effects on Production of Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins in Transgenic Plants

Abstract Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations will cause plants to grow faster, lower nitrogen content per unit of plant tissue, and generate higher carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios. We hypothesize that production of transgenic proteins will be reduced, thus reducing the efficiency of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenes against insect populations. Commercially available transgenic cotton plants expressing the Cry 1Ac gene from Bt were compared with a near isogenic non-Bt cotton line in a split-plot design with two levels of atmospheric CO2 (ambient, 370 ppm and elevated, 900 ppm) incorporating a 2 × 2 factorial design with two nitrogen (N) fertilization regimes (low, 30 mg N/kg soil/wk and high, 130 mg N/kg soil/wk), and two levels of Bt (presence or absence). Bioassays using Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) and quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for toxin content indicated reduced Bt protein production in elevated CO2. The tendency for test insects to consume more foliage from plants with lower N, caused by the elevated CO2, did not compensate for the reduction in toxin production. N fertilization regime interacted with CO2 concentration, showing that plants growing in N limited systems would produce substantially less toxin. The use of transgenic plants is becoming increasingly important and will continue to be so in the next decades. At the same time, atmospheric CO2 increase will affect the effectiveness of this strategy. These observations have implications not only for agricultural use of transgenic plants, but also for the ecological consequences of transfer of Bt toxins to closely related wild plant genotypes.