Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High loadings and source strengths of organic aerosols in China

Nation‐wide studies of organic aerosols were conducted on a molecular level in 15 Chinese cities. The results showed strikingly high levels of organic compounds (e.g., annual concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates, sugars and diacids are 110, 370, 400 and 830 ng m−3, respectively), especially in the mid‐west region during winter (up to 125 μg m−3 organic carbon). Fossil fuel combustion and/or biomass burning products are 3−30 times more abundant in winter than in summer. In contrast, significant quantity of phthalates (168−2200 ng m−3) was detected in summer. Concentrations of the pollutants are generally 1−3 orders of magnitude higher than those in developed countries. Their source strengths are characterized in winter by fossil fuel combustion, followed by secondary oxidation, plant wax emissions and biomass burning, whereas in summer by secondary oxidation, followed by fossil fuel combustion and plastic emissions.
Hydrostatic, quasi‐hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic ocean modeling

Ocean models based on consistent hydrostatic, quasi-hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic equation sets are formulated and discussed. The quasi-hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic sets are more accurate than the widely used hydrostatic primitive equations. Quasi-hydrostatic models relax the precise balance between gravity and pressure gradient forces by including in a consistent manner cosine-of-latitude Coriolis terms which are neglected in primitive equation models. Nonhydrostatic models employ the full incompressible Navier Stokes equations; they are required in the study of small-scale phenomena in the ocean which are not in hydrostatic balance. We outline a solution strategy for the Navier Stokes model on the sphere that performs efficiently across the whole range of scales in the ocean, from the convective scale to the global scale, and so leads to a model of great versatility. In the hydrostatic limit the Navier Stokes model involves no more computational effort than those models which assume strict hydrostatic balance on all scales. The strategy is illustrated in simulations of laboratory experiments in rotating convection on scales of a few centimeters, simulations of convective and baroclinic instability of the mixed layer on the 1- to 10-km scale, and simulations of the global circulation of the ocean.
Survey : Fraud Detection and Discovery of Mobile Apps

Now a days everyone is using smart phones. There is need of various applications to be installed on smart phone. To download application smart phone user has to visit play store such as Google Play Store. Mobile App is a very popular and well known concept due to the rapid advertisement in the mobile technology and mobile devices. When user go to the play store then he is see the various application lists. This list is built on the basis of advertisement. Usually user doesn’t have enough information about the application (i.e. which applications are useful or not). Then a user sees that list and downloads the applications. But sometimes that the downloaded application not useful. That means it is fraud in mobile application list. To avoid this fraud, we provide a holistic view of ranking fraud and propose a ranking fraud detection system for mobile Apps. We first propose to accurately locate the ranking fraud by mining the active periods, namely leading sessions, of mobile Apps. Then we investigate five types of evidences, i.e., ranking based evidences, rating based evidences, review based evidences, recommendation based fraud detection, enhancing the algorithm of fraud detection, by modeling Apps’ ranking, rating and review behaviors through statistical hypotheses tests. Using these five evidences finally we are calculating aggregation. We evaluate our application with real world data collected form play store for long time period.
Students approaching proof through conjectures: snapshots in a classroom

The paper presents a classroom experiment in which students were asked to solve an open problem. It is the authors' premise that this kind of task fosters a ‘smooth’ approach to proofs that are constructed around the production and validation of conjectures. This experiment is aimed at constructing a shared classroom culture. Classroom discussion and collaborative group work help to achieve this aim. The analysis of the experiment shows that the discussion makes explicit aspects of students' thinking which would be hidden in a normal activity. It is demonstrated that a deeper analysis of students' reasoning and behaviours can be better performed if lessons are video-recorded. There is a twofold pedagogic gain in using videotapes as a tool for analysing students' behaviour: first, it offers the teacher a tool that encourages students to reflect on their reasoning; secondly, and conversely, it offers researchers a further tool for analysing students' performances.
Effect of the glycogen synthase 1 ( GYS1) mutation on performance traits in 169 Noriker draft horse stallions – a retrospective study

Abstract. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of glycogen synthase 1 (GYS1) mutation on performance traits in Noriker draft horse stallions. Individual scores of 32 performance traits and the final performance score were obtained from 169 stallions that took part in the standardized stationary 30-day performance test throughout the years 2002 to 2014. In 2014 the stallions have been genotyped for the GYS1 mutation resulting in 105 non-mutation-carriers, 57 heterozygous, and 7 homozygous animals. The mean frequency of animals carrying the mutation was 38 % (64 of 169). The final performance score and 32 single performance traits were analyzed using a linear model including the GYS1 mutation genotype, the testing year and age as fixed effects. For the final performance score no effect of the GYS1 mutation was found. In three single traits – driving ability, drafting manner, and kindness in the discipline heavy-load lodging – significantly lower scores for heterozygous horses than for non-carrier animals were obtained. Homozygous animals did not differ significantly from both groups. Our results from this retrospective study suggest no effect of the GYS1 mutation on performance traits and on the final performance score.
Improving Class Separability of Frequency-domain Features for EMG Pattern Recognition

To apply electromyography (EMG) signals in human-computer interfaces, features extracted from raw EMG data are the significant stage to achieve the high classification accuracy in EMG pattern recognition. Although most of the successful features in the classification of movements associated with EMG signals are features calculated in time-domain, features extracted from frequency-domain are still necessary to yield maximum class separability in feature space. Due to a low quality feature space of frequency-domain EMG features, an addition of such features results in increasing a little classification accuracy. Hence, in this research, the improving quality of frequency-domain EMG features in space is presented. Wavelet packet transform method is used to make the useful sub-band EMG components. Four popular frequencydomain features, i.e. mean frequency (MNF), median frequency (MDF), peak frequency (PKF) and power spectrum ratio (PSR), were calculated from each sub-band EMG component and were evaluated their feature space quality using separability measure i.e. RES (the ratio of Euclidean distance and standard deviation) index. The experimental results showed that the classification performance of MNF and PKF extracted from the reconstructed EMG signal based on the 2nd level approximation 6th order Daubechies's wavelet coefficients was improved by twice compared with the traditional MNF and PKF. This finding was also found in the classification of MDF and PSR extracted from the reconstructed EMG signal based on the first level approximation coefficients with the 5th and the 7th order Daubechies wavelets, respectively. For single features, the proposed MDF outperforms others, and the accuracy (RES index = 10.71) is comparable to successful timedomain EMG features, such as mean absolute value (RES index = 8.93), zero crossing rate (RES index = 10.36), and waveform length (RES index = 11.68). As a single feature in EMG pattern recognition cannot reach the best performance and for a more powerful feature vector, the proposed MDF should be combined with other successful time-domain EMG features in future works. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Kasem Bundit University. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Faculty of Science and Technology, Kasem Bundit University, Bangkok.
SOME BIOLOGICAL, SEROLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS (TMV) FROM THE SULTANATE OF OMAN

TMV was isolated from plant samples collected from tobacco fields and identified and characterized on the basic of biological, serological and physical properties. The virus isolate infected 23 plant species in 5 botanical families, had DEP of 1x 10. , TIP between 85-88°C and longevity in vitro of 30 days at 25°C. Fresh and desiccated tissue was ELISA positive. Purified virus preparations were infectious, opalescent and absorbed UV spectrum which was minimum at 242 nm and maximum at 260 nm. Antiserum produced against TMV in a rabbit showed a homologous titre of 1:512 in gel immunodiffusion test and 1:2048 in tube precipitin test. Numerous, rod shaped unaggregated virus particles, with a modal length of 300 nm, were observed under EM. On the basic of hosts range, smptomatology and serological properties, the TMV isolate resembled very closely to common strain of TMV.
Service innovation of postal and courier services in Malaysia: Will it lead to customer responsiveness?

In Malaysia, the national postal services and private courier companies significantly contribute towards the national economy and also provide the employment opportunities. Postal and courier services in Malaysia have undergone a radical change due to the rapid evolution of Information Communication Technology (ICT). Nevertheless, the need to have efficient postal and courier services is undeniable because of the increase in e-commerce applications these days and the need for integrated supply chain.Unlike the manufacturing sector, the innovation models in the service are still inconsistent.This requires further investigation especially in the postal and courier services.The investment in service innovation is huge but the question remains.Will it lead to customer responsiveness? Hence, this study seeks to develop a model that link three main variables: service innovation, information communication technology (ICT) capability, and customer responsiveness.This link has been given little attention by prior research particularly in the postal and courier services sector.The proposed model is discussed in the paper.
When the Future Technology is Now: Paradoxical Attitudes of Consumer and Evaluation of IoT Service

The aim of this study is to develop a new research framework that explains consumer attitude toward internet of thing (IoT) service. Based on the literature on IoT service, technology paradox, and consumer values, an empirical structural model is developed and tested. This study collects quantitative survey data from Korean IoT users. The empirical test results show that utilitarian values such as efficiency, technology trust, performance ambiguity, chaos give influences to paradoxical attitudes of consumer and these attitudes give influences to IoT service evaluation separately while, hedonic value like hedonic enjoyment gives influence to IoT service evaluation directly without any mediating variables. This initial research on IoT service from a consumer point of view may stimulate further research on IoT-based consumer service innovations.
Study on 3D Visualization of Electromagnetic Signal Strength

Based on the theory of Visualization in Scientific Computing, we use Marching Cubes isosurface algorithm, Multi-Isosurfaces algorithm and ray casting algorithms based on GPU to achieve the 3D visualization of electromagnetic signal strength. It wouldn't make much sense for user to display the distribution of electromagnetic environment in isola- tion, This paper, the distribution of electromagnetic signal strength is integrated in the battlefield scene, we achieve real- time interactive of the battlefield electromagnetic distribution using VC++6.0 language and 3D OpenGL tool, enhance the convenience and visual effects of operation. The result shows practical application value.
Insecure Advantage? Markets for Technology and the Value of Resources for Entrepreneurial Ventures†

We study how the impact of capabilities for performance is contingent upon the environment. Using a novel dataset of Information Security startups, we study how markets for technology change the relative impact of technology and marketing capabilities on performance. Since internal technical effort enables firms to generate technology inputs instead of acquiring it from the market (substitute), a greater supply of technology diminishes the importance of technical ability as a source of competitive advantage. Moreover, since marketing capability complements technology inputs, a greater supply of technology enhances the impact of marketing capability on performance.
Compositional Dependence of Phase Formation Mechanisms at the Interface Between Titanium and Calcia‐Stabilized Zirconia at 1550°C

ZrO2 samples with various CaO contents were fabricated by hot pressing, whereby CaO was dissolved by and/or reacted with ZrO2 to form a solid solution and/or CaZr4O9, respectively. After a reaction with Ti at 1550°C for 6 h in argon, the interfacial microstructures were characterized using X-ray diffraction and analytical electron microscopy. Experimental results were very different from those found previously in the Y2O3–ZrO2 system. The 5 mol% CaO–ZrO2 sample was relatively stable due to the formation of a thin TiO layer acting as a diffusion barrier phase. However, α-Ti(O), β′-Ti (Zr, O), and/or Ti2ZrO were found in 9 or 17 mol% CaO–ZrO2 due to extensive interdiffusion of Ti, O, and Zr with a much thinner (β′-Ti+α-Ti) layer in 17 mol% CaO–ZrO2 than in 9 mol% CaO–ZrO2. Because CaO was hardly dissolved into Ti, it fully remained in the residual ZrO2, leading to the formation of spherical CaZrO3 in 9 mol% CaO–ZrO2 and columnar CaZrO3 in 17 mol% CaO–ZrO2. In the region far from the original interface, abundant intergranular α-Zr was formed in 5 or 9 mol% CaO–ZrO2. Scattered α-Zr and CaZrO3 were found in 17 mol% CaO–ZrO2 because a high concentration of extrinsic oxygen vacancies, which were created by the substitution of Ca+2 for Zr+4, effectively retarded the reduction of zirconia.
Word Sense Disambiguation on English Translation of Holy Quran

This article proposes a system based on the interpretation on the Quranic text that has been translated into English language using word sense disambiguation. This system is based on a combination of three traditional semantic similarity measurements, which are Wu-Palmer (WUP), Lin (LIN), and Jiang-Conrath (JCN) for word sense disambiguation on the English Al-Quran. The experiment was performed to obtain the best overall similarity score. The empirical results demonstrate that the combination of the three mentioned semantic similarity techniques obtained competitive results when compared with using individual similarity measurements.
Prostaglandin A2 triggers a strong oxidative burst in Laminaria: a novel defense inducer in brown algae?

Also, it is dose-dependent and cannot be inhibited by diphenylene iodonium, suggesting that another source than NAD(P)H oxidase is operational in the production of reactive oxygen species. Despite the very strong oxidative response, rather few effects at other levels of signal transduction pathways could be identified. PGA
Cooperative Video Transmission Strategies via Caching in Small-Cell Networks

Small-cell network is a promising solution to the high video traffic. However, it has some fundamental problems, i.e., high backhaul cost, quality of experience (QoE), and interference. To address these issues, we propose a cooperative transmission strategy for video transmission in small-cell networks with caching. In the scheme, each video file is encoded into segments using a maximum distance separable rateless code. Then, a portion of each segment is cached at a certain small-cell base station (SBS), so that the SBSs can cooperatively transmit these segments to users without incurring high backhaul cost. QoE When there is only one active user in the network, a greedy algorithm is utilized to deliver the video-file segment from the SBS with good channel state to the user watching videos in real time. This reduces video freezes and improves the QoE. When there exist several active users, interference will appear among them. To deal with interference, interference alignment (IA) is adopted. Based on the scheme for a single user, the greedy algorithm and IA are combined to transmit video-file segments to these users, and the performance of the system can be significantly improved. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Nonparametric Least Squares Estimation of a Multivariate Convex Regression Function

This paper deals with the consistency of the least squares estimator of a convex regression function when the predictor is multidimensional. We characterize and discuss the computation of such an estimator via the solution of certain quadratic and linear programs. Mild sufficient conditions for the consistency of this estimator and its subdifferentials in fixed and stochastic design regression settings are provided. We also consider a regression function which is known to be convex and componentwise nonincreasing and discuss the characterization, computation and consistency of its least squares estimator.
OKBQA Framework for collaboration on developing natural language question answering systems Prototype System Demonstration

The OKBQA Framework is developed to facilitate an open collaboration for development of natural language question-answering systems. It defines necessary modules with their API, so that OKBQAconformantmodules can inter-operate with each other. The OKBQA repository (http://repository.okbqa.org) is where those modules are registered, and the OKBQA demo system (http://ws.okbqa.org/ wui-2016/) allows composition and execution of workflows using the modules.
Feather corticosterone levels independent of developmental immune challenges predict carotenoid-based, but not melanin-based, traits at adulthood

ABSTRACT Conditions during development, including nutrition and immune challenges, can have long-lasting effects on subsequent physiological parameters. Many of these organizational effects are mediated by hormones, including corticosterone (CORT), a hormone involved in nutrient mobilization, immune response modulation, and responses to stressors. While the effects of exogenous CORT during development on later-life physiology have demonstrated the important role this hormone plays in developmental plasticity, relatively less attention has been paid to other factors capable of driving a CORT-mediated cascade of phenotypic effects. We tested the effect of nonpathogenic immune challenges during different stages of development and used levels of CORT in feathers (CORTf) to investigate whether CORT levels during development (when the feathers were grown) could predict variation in traits at adulthood. Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) exhibit a variety of traits as adults that could be influenced by CORT, including a carotenoid-pigmented beak used in mate choice and melanin-based patterning in the speculum of the wing that has no known signaling function. We found that nonpathogenic immune challenges during development had no detectable effects on duckling CORTf, which suggests that more robust immune challenges are required to create a sustained increase in circulating CORT levels. However, duckling CORTf predicted multiple traits at adulthood: higher levels of CORTf were associated with increases in circulating carotenoid levels, degree of carotenoid-based beak coloration, and mass gain. We failed to demonstrate a link between melanin-based speculum patterning and CORT at time of trait development, although speculum patterning was both affected by immune challenge treatment and correlated with adult immune function. These results support the “quality hypothesis,” which states that variation in CORT could be positively correlated with traits reflecting individual quality under certain conditions, and also suggest that the speculum in Mallards may be able to serve as an honest signal.
Microwave response of hole and patch arrays

The electromagnetic response of two-dimensional square arrays of perfectly conducting square patches, and their complementary structures, is modeled utilizing a modal matching technique and employing Babinet’s principle. This method allows for the introduction of progressively higher diffracted orders and waveguide modes to be included in the calculation, hence aiding understanding of the underlying causal mechanism for the observed response. At frequencies close to, but below, the onset of diffraction, a near-complete reflection condition is predicted, even for low filling fractions: conversely, for high filling fractions a near-complete transmission condition results. These resonance phenomena are associated with evanescent diffraction, which is sufficiently strong to reverse the step change in transmission upon establishment of electrical continuity; i.e., the connected structure demonstrates increased transmission with increasing filling fraction.
Distributed Consensus from Proof of Stake is Impossible

With the advent of modern cryptography, the idea that information can be physically real — and valuable — has moved from the dingy halls of philosophy departments to the concrete world of business. We are all familiar with the economic activity enabled by secure communication: negotiations, contracts, transactions, sales and commands can be sent on the public Internet with no fear of forgery or interception. We are also familiar with the financial consequences when secret data is lost or stolen.
A Novel DOI Positioning Algorithm for Monolithic Scintillator Crystals in PET Based on Gradient Tree Boosting

Monolithic crystals are examined as an alternative to segmented scintillator arrays in positron emission tomography (PET). Monoliths provide good energy, timing, and spatial resolution including intrinsic depth of interaction (DOI) encoding. DOI allows reducing parallax errors (radial astigmatism) at off-center positions within a PET ring. We present a novel DOI-estimation approach based on the supervised machine learning algorithm gradient tree boosting (GTB). GTB builds predictive regression models based on sequential binary comparisons (decision trees). GTB models have been shown to be implementable in FPGA if the memory requirement fits the available resources. We propose two optimization scenarios for the best possible positioning performance: One restricting the available memory to enable a future FPGA implementation and one without any restrictions. The positioning performance of the GTB models is compared with a DOI estimation method based on a single DOI observable (SO) comparable to other methods presented in literature. For a 12 mm high monolith, we achieve an averaged spatial resolution of 2.15 mm and 2.12 mm FWHM for SO and GTB models, respectively. In contrast to SO models, GTB models show a nearly uniform positioning performance over the whole crystal depth.