Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Laser-induced Plasma Containing Hydrogen

Laser-induced micro-plasma dynamics are investigated in laboratory air, ultra-highpure hydrogen gas, and hydrogen-nitrogen gas mixtures. The dissertation focuses on atomic spectroscopy of hydrogen in the visible region. Line-of-sight measurements are analyzed to obtain spatial distributions of electron densities and excitation temperatures. The studies include evaluation of selfabsorption phenomena. The plasma dynamics occur initially well above re-entry speeds and diminish to hypersonic and then supersonic expansions. Expansion velocities are measured that are above three hundred times the speed of sound in standard atmosphere. Optical breakdown is induced by using pulsed laser radiation. Emission spectra are collected by employing a spectrometer equipped with an intensified charge-coupled device. Atomic emission profiles for hydrogen alpha, hydrogen beta and hydrogen gamma lines are utilized to determine plasma characteristics such as electron density and excitation temperature for specific time delays. The duplicating mirror approach is applied for the evaluation of selfabsorption. The extent of self-absorption is investigated for various time delays from plasma generation. The electron density is also determined from singly ionized nitrogen lines and compared with values obtained from the hydrogen lines to further evaluate self-absorption. Experimental records are modeled using computational physics including inversions of integral equations to infer radial distributions from line-of-sight measurements. The presented work contributes to the fundamental understanding of laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy widely utilized for analytical diagnostics of gases, liquids or solids.
Tourist Inspiration: How the Wellness Tourism Experience Inspires Tourist Engagement

Wellness tourism has undergone rapid development in recent decades. Based on the transmission model of inspiration, this article aims to explore the antecedents and consequences of tourist inspiration in the context of wellness tourism. Survey data (N = 494) from Shizhu county, a well-known China local tourism destination renowned for its health-and-wellness tourism, showed that tourist inspiration can be elicited by a wellness tourism experience, which in turn has a positive influence on tourist engagement. By using openness to experience as a moderating factor, we uncovered significant and positive relationships between experience and inspiration when tourists have high levels of openness to experience. Through this original study focusing on relationship management in wellness tourism, we demonstrated the cruciality of inspiration and its underlying role in creating tourist engagement. Our research results have yielded theoretical and practical findings and outcomes that will benefit both academia and industry practitioners alike.
Universal Control Scheme to Achieve Seamless Dynamic Transition of Dual-Active-Bridge Converters Using Zero-Current-Prediction

This article proposes a zero-current-prediction based digital control scheme to achieve the seamless dynamic transition of dual-active-bridge (DAB) converters. Compared with existing methods, only an extra variable between the master pulsewidth modulation and the sawtooth carrier is introduced. This extra variable is only determined by the voltage conversion ratio and the change of the existing phase shifts between master and slave legs. It accurately predicts the zero crossings of the inductor current and tunes it with the end of the carrier period. When the output power varies, the controller updates the digital registers at the beginning of the new carrier period, when the inductor current is zero. Thus, a seamless dynamic transition is achieved with zero dc bias current. This proposed digital control scheme is universally valid for the mainstream modulation methods of a single DAB converter. Moreover, it is adaptive to any load conditions, regardless of the zero-voltage-switching conditions and power flow directions. A hardware prototype is designed, tested, and compared with the conventional control method. The experimental results well validate the advantages of the proposed concept.
New insights into economic expansion in the United Kingdom: Does energy mix specificity matter?

This paper sheds light on the causality linkages between economic growth and energy production, that is, natural gas, bioenergy and waste, coal, nuclear, petroleum, wind, solar and hydro for the United Kingdom over the period 1998Q1 to 2017Q4. To this end, we apply time‐domain causality tests—Toda‐Yamamoto causality test and gradual shift causality test, and frequency domain causality (FDC) test for empirical analysis to sort out the causality among the outlined variables under consideration. Empirical findings from the spectral BC causality test reveal that (a) changes in energy production from natural gas and petroleum spur significant changes in economic growth in the United Kingdom; (b) economic growth causes energy production from natural gas, petroleum, wind, solar, hydro and nuclear and (c) it is worthy of mentioning that time and FDC tests provide consistent outcomes at different significance and frequency levels. On the causality analysis, the hypothesis that natural gas triggers economic growth is valid, while the result also reveals a feedback causality the variables of concern. Similarly, economic growth drives nuclear energy production one‐way as well as total energy drives economic growth. These results provide policy implications for energy and environmental sustainability in the United Kingdom where renewable energy sources drive economic growth. Thus, necessitates the need to maintain the current trajectory for more renewable energy promotion in energy mix relative to fossil‐fuel energy sources.
Sensing Technologies in Construction Engineering and Management Programs: A Comparison of Industry Expectations and Faculty Perceptions

The fast-growing adoption of sensing technologies in the construction industry has necessitated a demand for workforce with technical skills. This study explores the current state of sensing technologies in the industry and sensing technology education in construction engineering and management programs. The study investigates the agreeability of industry and academia’s perceptions of the integration of sensing technologies in construction engineering and management curricula. The study employs online surveys to capture industry and instructor perceptions of the skills required of graduating construction engineering and management students and the extent of sensing technology education respectively. Comparison of the survey responses reveals differences between sensing technologies and applications deployed in the industry and those taught in construction engineering and management programs. While reinforcing the need for technical skills in the industry, results provide highlights to well-structured sensing technology courses based on required competencies to prepare students for a relevant and successful career in the industry.
Ultrafast Self‐Gelling and Wet Adhesive Powder for Acute Hemostasis and Wound Healing

Achieving rapid and effective hemostasis on irregularly shaped, non‐compressible visceral, and high‐pressure arterial bleeding wounds remains a critical clinical challenge. Herein, an ultrafast self‐gelling and wet adhesive polyethyleneimine/polyacrylic acid/quaternized chitosan (PEI/PAA/QCS) powder is reported as the hemostatic material and wound dressing. PEI/PAA/QCS powder deposited on bleeding wounds can rapidly absorb a large amount of blood to concentrate coagulation factors. Meanwhile, the powder can form an adhesive hydrogel in situ within 4 s upon hydration to form a pressure‐resistant physical barrier. Furthermore, PEI/PAA/QCS hydrogels can aggregate blood cells and platelets to enhance hemostasis. Depositing PEI/PAA/QCS powder on various bleeding wounds, including at the liver and heart, high‐pressure femoral artery and tail vein of rats, arrests the bleeding around 10 s with no rebleeding after ten minutes. Excellent hemostasis of PEI/PAA/QCS powder is further demonstrated against massive hemorrhage in porcine spleen and liver in vivo, which are non‐compressible organs with abundant blood supply. In addition, the powder can be used as a wound dressing to promote the healing of the full‐thickness skin wounds. The advantages of PEI/PAA/QCS powder including rapid and effective hemostasis, effective wound healing, easy usage, low cost, and adaptability to fit complex target sites make it a promising biomaterial for surgical applications.
Numerical and experimental investigation on multiaxial fatigue damage estimation of Qualmark chamber test table structures under random vibrations

Abstract The aim of this paper is to determine the fatigue damage of structures subject to random vibrations generated by Qualmark chamber. In real life, structures are generally subjected to complex multiaxial random load. To determine their fatigue life, many criteria have been elaborated, mostly in time domain. To minimize the computing time, the fatigue damage analysis should be done in the frequency domain. Tests that lead to the failure of the structures are commonly used to determine their weakness. But these tests are sometimes costly. To this end, in this paper an original new numerical model of the Qualmark chamber that leads us to determine the generated excitation at each point of its table is proposed. This model is validated using experimental measurement where adjustment process is proposed. Then, we develop a numerical strategy that leads to determine the multiaxial fatigue damage of structure under random vibrations using Matsubara’s criterion developed in the frequency domain of structures tested with Qualmark chamber. A numerical application of a PCB tested with Qualmark chamber is presented at the end of this paper where fatigue damage is determined at each point using the developed strategy. Boundaries condition of the PCB is then determined using the proposed Qualmark table model.
Toxicity Evaluation of Chlorpyrifos Metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol to Eisenia fetida in Different Soils

The present study utilized a biomarker response method to evaluate the effect of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) in artificial and natural soils on Eisenia fetida after 7, 14, 28, 42 and 56 days exposure. Biomarker responses were standardized to calculate the Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR) index. The influence of soil type on TCP toxicity was assessed. Results indicated that TCP induced excessive reactive oxygen species, caused oxidative stress, DNA damage to earthworm, which is similar to its parent chemical chlorpyrifos. The IBR index of three enzymes activities showed that TCP induced the enzymes activities of earthworm in red clay was stronger than the other three soils. Specifically, chlorpyrifos exposure group showed a lower toxicity than TCP exposure group after 28 days exposure but a higher toxicity than TCP exposure group after 56 days exposure. Despite the deficiencies of this study, the above information is of great significance for assessing the risk of chlorpyrifos and its metabolite TCP pollution in soil ecosystems.
Weather, Values, Capacity and Concern: Toward a Social-Cognitive Model of Specialty Crop Farmers’ Perceptions of Climate Change Risk

As specialty crop production has become increasingly important to U.S. agriculture, public and private stakeholders have called for research and outreach efforts centered on risks posed by climate change. Drawing on a survey of specialty crop farmers, this study explores farmers’ perceptions of climate change risks. Underlying cognitive, experiential, and socio-cultural factors hypothesized to influence farmers’ climate change risk perceptions are tested using structural equation modeling techniques. Results show that specialty crop farmers exhibit an overall moderate concern about climatic risks. The more capable and prepared farmers feel themselves to be, the less concerned they are about climate change. Farmers who have recently experienced more extreme weather events perceive climate change to present greater risks. In addition, farmers’ risk perceptions are also shaped by attitudes toward human exemptionalism and productivism values. Based on these findings, we provide recommendations for outreach and future research.
Genetic and Morphological Approach for Western Corn Rootworm Resistance Management

The western corn rootworm (WCR), is one of the most serious pests of maize in the United States. In this study, we aimed to find a reliable pattern of difference related to resistance type using population genetic and geometric morphometric approaches. To perform a detailed population genetic analysis of the whole genome, we used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers. For the morphometric analyses, hindwings of the resistant and non-resistant WCR populations from the US were used. Genetic results showed that there were some differences among the resistant US populations. The low value of pairwise FST = 0.0181 estimated suggests a lack of genetic differentiation and structuring among the putative populations genotyped. However, STRUCTURE analysis revealed three genetic clusters. Heterozygosity estimates (HO and HE) over all loci and populations were very similar. There was no exact pattern, and resistance could be found throughout the whole genome. The geometric morphometric results confirmed the genetic results, with the different genetic populations showing similar wing shape. Our results also confirmed that the hindwings of WCR carry valuable genetic information. This study highlights the ability of geometric morphometrics to capture genetic patterns and provides a reliable and low-cost alternative for preliminary estimation of population structure. The combined use of SNPs and geometric morphometrics to detect resistant variants is a novel approach where morphological traits can provide additional information about underlying population genetics, and morphology can retain useful information about genetic structure. Additionally, it offers new insights into an important and ongoing area of pest management on how to prevent or delay pest evolution towards resistant populations, minimizing the negative impacts of resistance.
Graphyne- and Graphdiyne-based Nanoribbons: Density Functional Theory Calculations of Electronic Structures

We report on the configurations and electronic properties of graphyne and graphdiyne nanoribbons with armchair and zigzag edges investigated with first principles calculations. Our results show that all the nanoribbons are semiconductors with suitable band gaps similar to silicon. And their band gaps decrease as widths of nanoribbons increase. We also find that the band gap is at the Γ point for all graphdiyne ribbons and it is at the X point for all graphyne ribbons. Of particular interest, the band gap of zigzag graphyne nanoribbons show a unique “step effect” as the width increases. This property is good for tuning of the energy band gap, as in a certain range of the ribbon width, the energy gap remains constant and in reality the edge cannot be as neat as that in a theoretic model.
Bias effects in a two-stage recognition paradigm: A challenge for "pure" threshold and signal detection models.

We explored a two-stage recognition memory paradigm in which people first make single-item "studied"/"not studied" decisions and then have a chance to correct their errors in forced-choice trials. Each forced-choice trial included one studied word ("target") and one nonstudied word ("lure") that received the same previous single-item response. For example, a studied-studied trial would have a target that was correctly called "studied" and a lure that was incorrectly called "studied. " The two-high-threshold (2HT) model and the unequal-variance signal detection (UVSD) model predict opposite effects of biasing the initial single-item responses on subsequent forced-choice accuracy. Results from two experiments showed that the bias effect is actually near zero and well out of the range of effects predicted by either model. Follow-up analyses suggested that the model failures were not a function of experiment artifacts like changing memory states between the two types of recognition trials. Follow-up analyses also showed that the dual process signal detection model made better predictions for the forced-choice data than 2HT and UVSD models. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Rule-based Diagnostics of a Production Line

In the industry 4.0 era, there is a growing need to transform unstructured data acquired by a multitude of sources into information and subsequently into knowledge to improve the quality of manufactured products, to boost production, for predictive maintenance, etc. Data-driven approaches, such as machine learning techniques, are typically employed to model the underlying relationship from data. However, an increase in model accuracy with state-of-the-art methods, such as deep convolutional neural networks, results in less interpretability and transparency. Due to the ease of implementation, interpretation and transparency to both domain experts and non-experts, a rule-based method is proposed in this paper, for prognostics and health management (PHM) and specifically for diagnostics. The proposed method utilizes the most relevant sensor signals acquired via feature extraction and selection techniques and expert knowledge. As a case study, the presented method is evaluated on data from a real-world quality control set-up provided by the European prognostics and health management society (PHME) at the conference’s 2021 data challenge. With the proposed method, our team took the third place, capable of successfully diagnosing different fault modes, irrespective of varying conditions.
The construction of occupational professionalism among business rescue practitioners supplying professional bodies

Purpose of the research: To identify and explore the construction of professionalism in a multiple professional bodies (MPB) landscape in South Africa (SA) and demonstrate how such construction can be used to enhance professional accreditation regime. Design of research and methodology: The study used a qualitative research design. This required five consecutive steps of (a) interviewing member services managers at four professional bodies (PBs); (b) systematic content analysis of codes of professional conduct (CPCs) and policy statements to identify constituent professionalism notions; (c) a systematic search of the literature to identify notions of professionalism mentioned in definitions and explanations of the construct; and (d) analysis of notions of professionalism using the constant comparison procedure to reveal key themes. The results in (a) through to (d) were used to advance a programmatic framework to construct professionalism in an MPB landscape. Research results: The construction of professionalism is linked to services rendered and competencies in the MPB landscape. The existing licensing regime encapsulates the increased importance of the MPB landscape, leading to a shift away from a conventional conceptualisation of professionalism in a single professional body (PB) setting. A total of 90 separate notions of professionalism were identified in the 192 scholarly papers included in our study. The identified theme within BRP professionalism (emphasising relational aspects) point to practitioner dealings with (i) clients (business rescue candidates); (ii) government and others; (iii) the PB; and (iv) oneself to gain the essence of occupation. There is fragmentation between the constructed conceptualisations of professionalism among PBs, leading to an incoherent and inconsistent expert accreditation regime. Practical implications and value: The findings of the study are useful in the integration of practitioner learning and development practices in the PBs whose members serve as BRPs. BRP is a regulated occupation and requires a distinct professional accreditation framework (PAF) to integrate multidimensional professionalism in the MPB landscape. Approaches to enhance accreditation should consider delineating BRP services and task from interview results from a community of practitioners. The PAF will structure the construction, investigation, and documentation of occupational professionalism required by the licensing authorities. It will also help delineate BRP as a discipline worth of academic and professional pursuits with known competencies.
Artificial neural network based metasurface inspired planar frequency reconfigurable antenna for wireless applications

The growing interest in attaining various appealing features of wireless communication systems has motivated researchers to design innovative antennas. This paper analyzes the behavior of a low profile artificial neural network‐based metasurface (MS) inspired two‐layered frequency reconfigurable antenna (ANN‐MSFRA) using planar technology. The designed two‐layered structure is a combination of two substrates mounted one above the other, having no air gap between them. The prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated on Rogers RO4350B material having permittivity (εr) = 3.48, and thickness (h) = 1.524 mm. The MS is represented as an artificially generated periodical array of H and I‐shaped metallic inclusions. Numerically analyzed results validate the double negative properties of metamaterial. To verify the effectiveness of the projected two‐layered approach, the performance of the reconfigurable antenna is analyzed through both simulations and measurements. The antenna successfully reconfigures the operating frequency from 4.86 to 5.89 GHz, covering the operating bandwidth of 1.03 GHz with a fractional tuning range of 19.1%. The presented simulated and measured outcome provides a positive correlation.The developed ANN model suggested for the estimation of specific output parameters shows minimum error during analysis and synthesis.
A Theoretical Concept of Decoupled Current Control Scheme for Grid-Connected Inverter with L-C-L Filter

This paper proposes a nonlinear decoupled current control scheme for a grid-connected inverter with LCL filter. Decoupling the active and reactive current control channels is one of the main demands in the control of inverters. For inverters with an L filter, the decoupling can be achieved by a proper feed-forward of grid voltages. However, the coupling of channels is a complex issue for converters with LCL filters. The resonance mode of the LCL filter may cause instability, which adds more complexity to the analysis. In this paper, state equations of the system are provided, which highlight the coupling between active and reactive currents injected into the grid. Accordingly, a non-linear control scheme is proposed which effectively decouples the channels and dampens the resonant modes of the LCL filter. The stability of the proposed control method is verified by the Lyapunov criterion. Independency of the system stability to the grid-impedance is another feature of the proposed approach. Moreover, only grid-side currents are needed for implementation of the proposed scheme, avoiding the need for additional current sensors for the output capacitor and grid-side inductor. For accurate modelling of the inverter, the computation and PWM sampling delays are included in the controller design. Finally, various case studies are provided that verify the performance of the proposed approach and the stability of the system.