Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemical attractants for navel orangeworm moths

Abstract Not Available – First paragraph follows: The navel orangeworm, Paramyelois transitella (Walker), is a sporadic pest of almonds in California. Crop damage caused by this pest tends to increase and persist at an economically significant level for a few years in a particular locality, and then to drop to a low, chronic level for an indefinite period. The factors causing these changes in infestation are not known. Since this moth does not attack an almond crop until the nuts begin to ripen, the grower usually does not appreciate the extent of its damage until harvesting begins. A system to detect and assess changes in the pest population would enable growers to adjust harvest operations, if necessary, to minimize damage; for example, to harvest and fumigate susceptible soft-shell varieties as early as possible. These studies were to determine the value of chemical attractants in a detection program.
COVID-19-induced acute respiratory failure: an exacerbation of organ-specific autoimmunity?

Background: Understanding the pathophysiology of respiratory failure (ARDS) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is of utmost importance for the development of therapeutic strategies and identification of risk factors. Since we observed clinical and histopathological similarities between COVID-19 and lung manifestations of connective tissue disease (CTD-ILD) in our clinical practice, aim of the present study is to analyze a possible role of autoimmunity in SARS-CoV-2-associated respiratory failure. Methods: In this prospective, single-center trial, we enrolled 22 consecutive patients with RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection hospitalized in March and April, 2020. We performed high-resolution computed tomography (HR-CT) and full laboratory testing including autoantibody (AAB) screening (anti-ANA, SS-B/La, Scl-70, Jo-1, CENP-B, PM-Scl). Transbronchial biopsies as well as post mortem tissue samples were obtained from 3 and 2 cases, respectively, and subsequent histopathologic analysis with special emphasis on characterization of interstitial lung disease was performed. Results: Twelve of 22 patients (54.5%) were male and median age was 69.0 (range: 28-88). 11 (50.0%) patients had to be undergo intensive care unit (ICU) treatment. Intubation with ventilation was required in 10/22 cases (46%). Median follow-up was 26 days. Clinical and serological parameters were comparable to previous reports. Radiological and histopathological findings were highly heterogeneous including patterns reminiscent of CTD-ILD. AAB titers [≥]1:100 were detected in 10/11 (91.9%) COVID-19 patients who required ICU treatment, but in 4/11 (36.4%) patients with mild clinical course (p=0.024). Patients with AABs tended to require invasive ventilation and showed significantly more severe complications (64.3% vs. 12.5%, p=0.031). Overall COVID-19-related mortality was 18.2% among hospitalized patients at our institution. Conclusion: Our findings point out serological, radiological and histomorphological similarities between COVID-19-associated ARDS and acute exacerbation of CTD-ILD. While the exact mechanism is still unknown, we postulate that SARS-CoV-2 infection might trigger or simulate a form of organ-specific autoimmunity in predisposed patients. The detection of autoantibodies might identify patients who profit from immunosuppressive therapy to prevent the development of respiratory failure.
Assessment of the outbreak risk, mapping and infestation behavior of COVID-19: Application of the autoregressive and moving average (ARMA) and polynomial models

Infectious disease outbreaks pose a significant threat to human health worldwide. The outbreak of pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 2019) has caused a global health emergency. Identification of regions with high risk for COVID 19 outbreak is a major priority of the governmental organizations and epidemiologists worldwide. The aims of the present study were to analyze the risk factors of coronavirus outbreak and identify areas with a high risk of human infection with virus in Fars Province, Iran. A geographic information system (GIS) based machine learning algorithm (MLA), support vector machine (SVM), was used for the assessment of the outbreak risk of COVID 19 in Fars Province, Iran. The daily observations of infected cases was tested in the third-degree polynomial and the autoregressive and moving average (ARMA) models to examine the patterns of virus infestation in the province and in Iran. The results of disease outbreak in Iran were compared with the data for Iran and the world. Sixteen effective factors including minimum temperature of coldest month (MTCM), maximum temperature of warmest month (MTWM), precipitation in wettest month (PWM), precipitation of driest month (PDM), distance from roads, distance from mosques, distance from hospitals, distance from fuel stations, human footprint, density of cities, distance from bus stations, distance from banks, distance from bakeries, distance from attraction sites, distance from automated teller machines (ATMs), and density of villages were selected for spatial modelling. The predictive ability of an SVM model was assessed using the receiver operator characteristic area under the curve (ROC AUC) validation technique. The validation outcome reveals that SVM achieved an AUC value of 0.786 (March 20), 0.799 (March 29), and 86.6 (April 10) a good prediction of change detection. The growth rate (GR) average for active cases in Fars for a period of 41 days was 1.26, whilst it was 1.13 in country and the world. The results of the third-degree polynomial and ARMA models revealed an increasing trend for GR with an evidence of turning, demonstrating extensive quarantines has been effective. The general trends of virus infestation in Iran and Fars Province were similar, although an explosive growth of the infected cases is expected in the country. The results of this study might assist better programming COVID 19 disease prevention and control and gaining sorts of predictive capability would have wide ranging benefits.
ABREVIASI BAHASA GAUL REMAJA

Makalah ini menganalisis abreviasi bahasa gaul. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif, yakni membuat pencandraan secara sistematis, faktual, dan akurat mengenai fakta-fakta dan sifat data. Tujuannya adalah menemukan dan mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk abreviasi yang terdapat pada bahasa gaul remaja. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan abreviasi berupa singkatan, akronim, gabungan singkatan dan akronim, serta pemenggalan. Pada abreviasi berupa singkatan, ditemukan singkatan dari bahasa Indonesia, singkatan dari bahasa Inggris, dan gabungan singkatan bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Inggris. Pada abreviasi berupa akronim, ditemukan akronim dari bahasa Indonesia dan akronim dari bahasa Inggris. Akronim dari bahasa Indonesia terdiri dari dua suku kata, tiga suku kata, empat suku kata, lima suku kata, dan dua kata. Akronim dari bahasa Inggris terdiri dari satu suku kata (gabungan huruf awal kata) dan dua suku kata. Pada abreviasi berupa pemenggalan ditemukan bagian akhir kata yang dipenggal atau dihilangkan. Kata kunci: abreviasi, bahasa gaul, singkatan, akronim, pemenggalan
Mesolimbic fMRI activations during reward anticipation correlate with reward-related ventral striatal dopamine release

The dopaminergic mechanisms that control reward-motivated behavior are the subject of intense study, but it is yet unclear how, in humans, neural activity in mesolimbic reward-circuitry and its functional neuroimaging correlates are related to dopamine release. To address this question, we obtained functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures of reward-related neural activity and [11C] raclopride positron emission tomography (PET) measures of dopamine release in the same human participants, while they performed a delayed monetary incentive task. Across the cohort, a positive correlation emerged between neural activity of the substantia nigra / ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA), the main origin of dopaminergic neurotransmission, during reward anticipation and reward-related [11C] raclopride displacement as an index of dopamine release in the ventral striatum, major target of SN/VTA dopamine neurons. Neural activity in the ventral striatum / nucleus accumbens itself also correlated with ventral striatal dopamine release.Additionally, high reward-related dopamine release was associated with increased activation of limbic structures, such as the amygdala and the hippocampus. The observed correlations of reward-related mesolimbic fMRI activation and dopamine release provide evidence that dopaminergic neurotransmission plays a quantitative role in human mesolimbic reward processing. Moreover, the combined neurochemical and hemodynamic imaging approach used here opens up new perspectives for the investigation of molecular mechanisms underlying human cognition.
What Determines Entrepreneurial Orientation of Polish Internationalized Firms?

This article focuses on entrepreneurial orientation during the internationalisation process of the firm, which is one of the main research streams within international entrepreneurship.The main goal of the article is to discuss and elaborate on the basics of international entrepreneurial orientation, its fundamentals and principles and to answer the question what determines entrepreneurial orientation of Polish internationalized firms. The paper presents the results of the survey based on stratified random sampling of 355 Polish internationalized firms. Applying t statistics, the following results were observed. Firms having foreign branches or subsidies abroad are more entrepreneurial. Firms based on the local business domain are more entrepreneurial. High-tech firms are more entrepreneurial. High-growth firms are more entrepreneurial than firms which note traditional growth dynamics. Hyper-growth firms are more entrepreneurial than other firms, also than highgrowth companies. Innovative firms are more entrepreneurial. Strategically-orientated firms are more entrepreneurial. Firms cooperating in any networks are more entrepreneurial.
26 Epstein-Barr Virus DNA Replication

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and its close relatives are the only known viruses that have two fully independent systems for replicating their genomes, one that supports virus production during active or “lytic” infection, and a second one that operates during latent stages of infection to allow the circular viral genomes to be duplicated during each cell division cycle. Although EBV’s system of lytic DNA replication is for the most part a heritage of the herpesvirus family, its system for replication during latency is entirely its own. During latent infection, while the genes required for lytic replication and virus production are silent, the circular EBV chromosome is replicated by the cell’s DNA replication machinery, apparently only once during each S phase. This arrangement of having the host cell replicate its genome during latency is probably related to the fact that EBV establishes latency in cells that are prone to divide. EBV appears to maintain its life-long infection of people by residing within B cells (Klein 1994; Miyashita et al. 1995), and, during the initial phase of latent infection of B cells, EBV expresses a small set of genes that together cause the cells to proliferate (Kieff and Leibowitz 1990; Miller 1990). EBV DNA replication during latency might also be important for the eventual productive infection of epithelial cells, because EBV appears to be most able to infect undifferentiated epithelial cells but to replicate lytically in differentiated cells (Sixbey 1989). EBV replication during latency relies almost entirely on the cell. A single EBV-encoded.
Measurement of the total cross section of heavy water in the 0.1 meV-1 eV energy range at 20 and 50 ° C

Measurement of the total cross section of heavy water in the 0.1 meV–1 eV energy range at 20 and 50 ◦C J. I. Márquez Damián(1)(∗), J. R. Granada(), D. V. Baxter(), S. R. Parnell()() and D. C. Evans() () Neutron Physics Department and Instituto Balseiro, Centro Atomico Bariloche Rio Negro, Argentina () Center for the Exploration of Energy and Matter, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA () Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology Delft, The Netherlands
The scaling of colony size with nest volume in termites: a role in population dynamics?

Colony size is often attributed a key role in social insect population ecology. However, in nest‐building termites, colony size is a power function of nest volume, so that colonies of species with low scaling exponents tend to grow less as their nests are expanded. Thus, in such species, intercolonial differences in colony size may be less likely to develop, and changes in species total biomass may largely reflect those in colony numbers rather than colony sizes. The scaling of colony biomass with nest volume in three termite species, namely Anoplotermes banksiEmerson, Neocapritermes braziliensis Snyder and Labiotermes labralis Holmgren was determined. Then, their nests were counted and their total biomass in plots across an Amazonian rainforest landscape was estimated. Finally, whether the strength of the relationship between total biomass and number of nests reflected species scaling exponents was examined. Scaling exponents were 0.47 for N. braziliensis, 0.57 for A. banksi, and 0.83 for L. labralis. On the other hand, the strength of the relationship between total biomass and the number of nests (r2) followed the opposite trend: 0.93 for N. braziliensis, 0.92 for A. banksi, and 0.53 for L. labralis. It is suggested that the scaling of colony size with nest volume may mediate termite population dynamics: as the scaling exponent decreases across species, changes in total biomass would increasingly reflect changes in colony numbers, with an accompanying increase in the importance of colony births and deaths as opposed to colony growth.
Low effective population sizes and limited connectivity in xerothermic beetles: implications for the conservation of an endangered habitat

Fragmentation and isolation may have detrimental effects on the viability of populations. Xerothermic grasslands, which are extra‐zonal analogues of steppes, are among Europe's most endangered natural environments. Information about connectivity between the remaining habitat patches is critical for effective conservation planning. However, very little is known about the actual levels of isolation of individual xerothermic patches at the inter‐regional and local scale. In this study, 16 microsatellite loci were used to investigate genetic diversity, structuring, effective sizes (Ne), and connectivity among populations of the weevil Centricnemus leucogrammus at various geographic scales. Analysis of 22 populations from three geographic regions, differing in the time of origin and the degree of geographic isolation of the populations, showed that the isolated populations from northern Poland showed the least variability, whereas those from central Poland and Ukraine sustained a similar level of microsatellite variability and were moderately connected within regions. Very low effective sizes (Ne = 14–44) were estimated, and signatures of bottlenecks were detected in all populations. Effective sizes were generally higher in larger xerothermic patches, which constitute a good quality habitat, and in populations sampled in nature reserves, as opposed to unprotected turfs. Such information is useful for the design of conservation and management plans. As C. leucogrammus is characteristic of xerothermic and steppic habitats in central and eastern Europe, it may be considered an excellent target species for assessing the quality of xerothermic habitats as well as estimating and monitoring their connectivity.
A BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION ON TURKISH SPALAX GULDENSTAEDT, 1770 (MAMMALIA: RODENTIA)

Bu calismada 1994 – 2002 yillari arasinda yapilan arazi calismalarinda elde edilen bulgular ve bu sure icinde yakalanan 265 Spalax Guldenstaedt, ornelerinden elde edilen veriler kullanildi. Bu verilere gore Turkiye Spalax’larinin ureme mevsimi ozellikle yukseklige bagli olarak Şubat ayindan Temmuz ayina kadar surmektedir. Ortalama yavru sayisi 2,2’dir. Turkiye Spalax’lari deniz seviyesinden yuksek dag tepelerine (2900 m’ye dek) kadar uzanan tarim alanlari, seyrek agacli ormanlik alanlar, dag yamaclari, step alanlari gibi toprak yapisi yuvalanmaya elverisli pek cok alanda yayilis gostermekte, yogun orman iclerine girmemektedirler. Turkiye’de Trakya’nin Kirklareli bolgesi, Antalya’nin sahil bolgesi, Karadeniz bolgesinin sahil seridi ve Van Golu’nun dogu ve guneydogusunda bulunmamaktadir. Yuvalari bir ana oda, diski odasi, besin depo odasi ve yuzeysel beslenme galerilerinden olusmaktadir. Laboratuvar sartlarinda havuc, patates, sogan, bugday ve yonca yapraklari ile beslenmislerdir. Tarim alanlarinda bulundugu taktirde ozellikle patates, sogan, sarmisak, havuc, seker pancari gibi soganli ve yumrulu bitkilere zarar verebilmektedir. Kor fareler bitkilerin toprak alti yapilari ile beslenmekte, zaman zaman da yapraklarini besin olarak almaktadirlar. Populasyon yogunlugu 1000 m2’de 6 bireye kadar yukselebilmektedir. Eseyi bilinen 260 ornege gore esey orani % 40,77 erkekler, % 59,23 disiler seklindedir
Identification of four novel single nucleotide polymorphisms of CAPN1 gene in Indian goat

The CAPN1 (calcium-activated neutral proteases), is thought to be the main candidate marker gene in the quality of beef meat. Corresponding protein product is nonlysosomal, intracellular cysteine protease which act as primary enzyme in the postmortem tenderization process of meat. SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in exon9 and 14 of CAPN1 in cattle have been associated with meat tenderness. Data on SNPs in the caprine CAPN1 do not exist. In this study, variations and new polymorphisms are detected in exon9 and exon14 along with their boundary regions in caprine CAPN1 by sequencing of amplified gene fragments in a panel of 7 Indian goat breeds, reared in different regions of country for various production traits. Sequenced caprine genomic segments share >90% similarity with corresponding bovine and pig sequences. Thirty four nucleotide differences were recorded in studied region of caprine CAPN1 gene as compared with that of Bos taurus (AF 252504S1 and AF 252504S2). Four novel SNPs were identified, 1 in exonic region (5707, C/T) and 3 in intronic region (intron 8; 5543 T/C and intron14; 4638 T/C, 4689 C/T). The SNP 5707 in exon 9 corresponds to nonconservative substitution (CGG to TGG) that changes an amino acid (Arg to Trp) in the protein sequence. Genotype and allelic frequency of polymorphic sites were determined. These polymorphisms can be used in further search for associations between gene polymorphisms and enzyme activity as well as caprine meat quality traits.
Omvang en implicaties van antibiotica-versleping in mengvoeders voor varkens

Tijdens de productie van een mengvoeder is het technisch onvermijdbaar dat een gedeelte van de geproduceerde partij achterblijft in de productielijn en uiteindelijk terechtkomt in de volgende partij mengvoeder. De consequentie van deze "versleping" is dat partijen, die direct na gemedicineerde voeders geproduceerd worden, restanten van diergeneesmiddelen (antibiotica) bevatten. Bij dit onderzoek is op 21 mengvoederbedrijven nader onderzoek gedaan naar de omvang en het niveau van versleping van antibiotica in spoelcharges voor varkens.
Tuning of non-covalent interactions involving a halogen atom that plays the role of Lewis acid and base simultaneously

ABSTRACT In this work, a series of model complexes (MH3X)(HNC)(N'C’H’), where M = C–Pb and X = Cl–At, is studied using a first-principles computational approach. Each of these complexes possesses a halogen atom (X) simultaneously acting as the Lewis base for X···H hydrogen bonding (HB) with HNC and as the Lewis acid for X···N’ halogen bonding (XB) with N'C’H’. The strengths of these non-covalent interactions are tuned by sharing the same halogen centre and by substituting M and X with consecutive elements from groups 14 and 17. Variations in the strengths are estimated mostly by means of various energetic quantities, such as the total interaction energy (Eint), two- and three-body contributions to Eint, their fundamental physical components and donor–acceptor orbital interaction energies. The coexistence of HB and XB involving the same X-centre weakens these interactions, but the magnitude of the total interaction in the complexes increases due to the three-body interaction and the appearance of additional lateral non-covalent interaction between HNC and N'C’H’. Substituting M and X with consecutive elements from groups 14 and 17 leads to several regularities in the changes of Eint. A dependence of three-body interaction on the kinds of M and X is also detected.
Molecular systematics of Mahseers (Cyprinidae) in Malaysia inferred from sequencing of a mitochondrial cytochrome C Oxidase I (COI) gene.

This study examined the molecular systematics among three Mahseers (Tor douronensis, Tor tambroides and Neolissochilus stracheyi) using partial sequencing of a Cytochrome C Oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial DNA segment (466bp). The phylogenetic results using the Neighbour-Joining (NJ) method supported the monophyletic status (hence the taxonomic status) among the three putative Mahseer species. The close genetic relationships (0.1- 0.4%) found between T. tambroides samples from Peninsular Malaysia (kelah fish) and those from Sarawak (empurau fish) also supported their classification as belonging to the same species. The phylogenetic analysis also showed that the T. douronensis mtDNA consisted of three highly distinct lineages supported by high bootstrap values, with the Sabah samples forming its own cluster. Thus, this phylogenetic study, although based on a limited number of samples and only a single mtDNA gene managed to provide useful insights into the systematic status of the Mahseers found in Malaysia.
Migratory syndrome in the water strider Aquarius paludum (Heteroptera: Gerridae) reared in high versus low nymphal densities

The effect of crowding in nymphal stage on the induction of development of macropterous adults with high flight ability was studied in the laboratory in the water strider Aquarius paludum. High density induced a higher proportion of macropterous morphs than low density. No brachypterous adults developed flight muscles in either experimental density. When kept under high density, about 80% of adults kept indirect flight muscles for 25-30 days after adult emergence, whereas only about 50% or 60% of females and males, respectively, retained theirs when grown under low density. The remaining adults histolysed indirect flight muscles in both groups. Development during the fourth and fifth instars only under high density may induce a higher proportion of macropterous adults than those under low density.
Higher survival at low density counteracts lower fecundity to obviate Allee effects in a perennial plant

1. At low densities, plants may produce fewer seeds than at high densities, due to reduced pollinator visits or reduced receipt of compatible pollen. In principle, lower seed production could lead to an Allee effect (a decline in the population growth rate with declining density), which, if severe, could cause the population to decline to extinction when recruitment is insufficient to replace dying individuals.