Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infection process of Entomosporium mespili on leaves of saskatoon, Amelanchier alnifolia

The infection process for Entomosporium leaf spot of saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia) was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. Following treatment with a conidiospore suspension of Entomosporium mespili, detached leaves of saskatoon cultivars were fixed at various times during disease development (2, 5, 8, and 12 days postinoculation). Scanning electron microscopy showed that conidiospore germination occurred rapidly, usually by the extrusion of a single major germ tube from the larger of two body cells. Fungal penetration of the host cuticle involved appressoria, produced directly below the germinating spore or at germ tube termini. Subspore appressoria were most common and resulted in the earliest formation of leaf acervuli. Conidiospore germination and penetration occurred more rapidly on leaves of the susceptible cv. Buffalo, than on leaves of resistant cv. Success. At 2 days postinoculation, 43% of germinating conidiospores had penetrated the leaf surface of cv. Buffalo, compared with 12% on leaves of cv. Success. Acervuli bearing large quantities of conidiospores, were produced as the result of conidiogenesis from a subcuticular stroma of hyphae. Acervuli formed on leaves of all saskatoon cultivars, but cultivars differed in acervulus surface area and number of acervuli per leaf.
the Patient’s Natural History from Electronic Health Records

The automatic extraction of a patient’s natural history from Electronic Health Records (EHRs) is a critical step towards building intelligent systems that can reason about clinical variables and support decision making. Although EHRs contain a large amount of valuable information about the patient’s medical care, this information can only be fully understood when analyzed in a temporal context. Any intelligent system should then be able to extract medical concepts, date expressions, temporal relations and the temporal ordering of medical events from the free texts of EHRs; yet, this task is hard to tackle, due to the domain specific nature of EHRs, writing quality and lack of structure of these texts, and more generally the presence of redundant information. In this paper, we introduce a new Natural Language Processing (NLP) framework, capable of extracting the aforementioned elements from EHRs written in Spanish using rule-based methods. We focus on building medical timelines, which include disease diagnosis and its progression over time. By using a large dataset of EHRs comprising information about patients suffering from lung cancer, we show that our framework has an adequate level of performance by correctly building the timeline for 843 patients from a pool of 989 patients, achieving a correct result in 85% of instances.
Identification of Regime Shifts and Their Potential Drivers in the Shallow Eutrophic Lake Yilong, Southwest China

Regime shifts in shallow lakes can lead to great changes in ecosystem structures and functions, making ecosystem management more complicated. Lake Yilong, located in Yunnan Province, is one of the most eutrophic lakes in China. Although there is a high possibility that this lake has undergone regime shift one or more times, the presence of regime shifts and their drivers remain unknown. Here, we employed the sequential t-test analysis of regime shifts to detect the regime shifts based on the long-term (1989–2018) dataset of the lake. We further determined their potential drivers, and explored the nutrient thresholds of regime shifts and hysteresis. The results showed that during the testing period, three regime shifts occurred in 1996 (restorative type), 2009 (catastrophic type) and 2014 (restorative type). The potential key drivers for the first two regime shifts (1996 and 2009) were both related to aquaculture. The abolition of cage fish culture may have led to the restorative regime shift in 1996, and the stocking of crabs and excessive premature releasing of fry possibly caused the catastrophic regime shift in 2009. However, the third regime shift, which occurred in 2014, was possibly related to the drought and succedent hydration. These results indicate that adjustments of aquaculture strategy and hydrological conditions are critical for the lake ecosystem’s recovery. Moreover, the total phosphorus thresholds were identified to be lower than 0.046 mg/L (restorative type) and higher than 0.105 mg/L (catastrophic type), respectively. In addition, an obvious hysteresis was observed after 2014, suggesting that nutrient reduction is important for this lake’s management in the future.
Antigen Recognition Determinants of γδ T Cell Receptors

The molecular basis of γδ T cell receptor (TCR) recognition is poorly understood. Here, we analyze the TCR sequences of a natural γδ T cell population specific for the major histocompatibility complex class Ib molecule T22. We find that T22 recognition correlates strongly with a somatically recombined TCRδ complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) motif derived from germ line–encoded residues. Sequence diversity around these residues modulates TCR ligand-binding affinities, whereas V gene usage correlates mainly with tissue origin. These results show how an antigen-specific γδ TCR repertoire can be generated at a high frequency and suggest that γδ T cells recognize a limited number of antigens.
Improved Multi-Core Real-Time Task Scheduling of Reconfigurable Systems With Energy Constraints

This paper deals with the scheduling of real-time periodic tasks executed on heterogeneous multicore platforms. Each processor is composed of a set of multi-speed cores with limited energy resources. A reconfigurable system is sensible to unpredictable reconfiguration events from related environment, such as the activation, removal or update of tasks. The problem is to handle feasible reconfiguration scenarios under energy constraints. Since any task can finish execution before achieving its worst-case execution time (WCET), the idea is to distribute this execution on different processor cores for meeting related deadlines and reducing energy consumption. The methodology consists in using lower processor speeds first to consume less energy. If the system is still non-feasible after reconfiguration, then we adjust the task periods as a flexible solution or migrate some of them to the least loaded processors. Accordingly, an integer linear program (ILP) is formulated to encode the execution model that assigns tasks to different cores with optimal energy consumption, thereby realizing energy-efficient computing/green computing. The potency and effectiveness of the proposed approach are rated through simulation studies. By measuring the energy consumption cost, our solution offers better than 11% of gain than recently published methods and improves by 85% the overall number of adjusted periods.
Evaluation of the Coordination of Structural Layers in the Design of Asphalt Pavement

The purpose of asphalt pavement structural design is to get a materially-coordinated and structurally-durable product, and a pavement structure with good road performance by combining the structural layer materials reasonably. However, due to lack of a rational evaluation index on the parameter combinations of structural layer materials, the structural layer materials are poor in terms of coordination, have low efficiency, and the actual use period is much lower than the designed working life. Therefore, it is very important to conduct research evaluating the coordination of the structural layer materials. In this study, the sensitivity of mechanical parameters and equivalent envelope area are proposed as new indexes to evaluate the coordination of material design of asphalt pavement structure layers. Software is developed to calculate the equivalent envelope area that can quantitatively evaluate the coordination among different layers and visualize the mechanical transfer behavior of each structural layer. Based on the equivalent envelope area index, this study incorporates two new steps in the design of pavements, namely the structural form comparison and optimization, and proposes a new structural design process. Finally, the rationality and reliability of the equivalent envelope area index are verified by presenting fatigue life calculation and field verification in a test road. The results propose a clear evaluation index of the coordination of material design of each structural layer, which makes the structural design of the asphalt pavement more scientific and reasonable.
Fruit preferences by fishes in a Neotropical floodplain

The diets of frugivorous animals result from the interaction between feeding preference and ecological factors such as availability of alternative resources and interactions with other frugivores. A better understanding of frugivore diets will enable predictions about the vulnerability of plant populations to anthropogenic or natural environmental changes. In addition, frugivores with greater variation in diet (generalists) are potentially more resilient to habitat changes than specialists. Here, we combined data on diets of frugivorous fishes with visual censuses on fruit availability to evaluate if fishes are selective or opportunistic in their use of fruits in floodplain habitats. We found a high diversity of fruit species (74 species) frequently consumed by four common species of frugivorous fishes during the flooding season. The identity of preferred fruits, rather than their availability, had a stronger effect on the patterns of fruit consumed by fishes in this system. Fruit preferences by fish may influence the long‐term persistence and the maintenance of plant diversity in floodplain habitats. Possible disturbances of fish populations with selective consumption and the plant populations on which they depend could increase the vulnerability of both populations involved. Thus, selectivity may affect ecological and evolutionary processes associated with frugivory by fish.
Communication challenges between nurses and migrant paediatric patients

Background Many people receiving medical treatment in Switzerland speak none of the country’s four languages or English, which is a major communicative barrier for health staff. Appropriate treatment in hospitals depends on the successful communication between hospital staff and patients. Consequently, migrant patients can be particularly challenging for hospital staff. Aims The aim of this project was to examine the following topics: (a) which communicative challenges hospital nurses are confronted with in the care of migrant paediatric patients and how they cope with them, and (b) what requirements nurses (and other stakeholders) have regarding a digital communication aid to improve the care of migrant paediatric patients in the hospital setting. Methods This study used a qualitative approach. The following steps of data collection were undertaken: (a) two literature searches corresponding to the research questions, (b) a focus group interview with paediatric hospital nurses, (c) observation of communication between paediatric nurses/healthcare professionals and children/parents through shadowing, (d) short interviews with paediatric nurses who were being shadowed, and (e) a focus group interview with experts. Data analysis was based on thematic analysis and was supported by MAXQDA software. Results Evaluation of the data showed there are multiple communicative challenges that emerge in the care of migrant paediatric patients. These challenges influence each other and appear at different moments in the hospital stay. Additionally, the results revealed that digital communication aids must be user friendly and easily accessible. Conclusions This study highlights the areas of hospital care in which a digital communication aid could be feasible. However, many of the described communication challenges stem from issues that cannot be solved solely with a digital communication aid. Instead, strategies to tackle these issues must be embedded in the training of nursing staff, in the hospital management strategy and at the political level.
Avian Nesting Success in a Selectively Harvested North Temperate Deciduous Forest

Abstract: Predators and parasites of bird nests often reach maximum abundance near ecotonal edges, potentially causing reproductive failure for birds breeding near edges. Timber‐harvesting methods in which single or small groups of trees are removed from forested lands may maximize amounts of edge created within forest tracts. We evaluated the effect of internal edges created by timber harvest in Trail of Tears, a deciduous forest in southern Illinois ( U.S.A.). We measured the nesting‐success and brood‐parasitism rates of four songbird species, the Acadian Flycatcher (Empidonax virescens), Kentucky Warbler (Oporornis formosus), Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina), and Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis). Each species bred in each of three forest management units: compartments selectively harvested within the previous 6 years (recent cuts); compartments 10 to 15 years post‐harvest (older cuts); and compartments remaining uncut for at least the last 40 years. Levels of brood parasitism by Brown‐headed Cowbirds ( Molothrus ater) were high throughout the forest but were significantly higher in the selectively harvested compartments for Acadian Flycatchers and Kentucky Warblers. Nest predation differed among compartments in species‐specific patterns. None of the four species suffered consistently greater losses of nests in cut than uncut forest in Trail of Tears. For three of the four species, however, rates of nest failure were consistently higher in Trail of Tears than in two other large tracts of uncut forest in the southern Illinois region, suggesting that predator populations may be greater in Trail of Tears than in other large forest tracts. Overall, the results suggest that selective logging added little to existing fragmentation effects in this landscape in which levels of nest predation and brood parasitism are chronically high. Although the creation of internal edges appeared to have few detrimental effects on these two measures of songbird productivity, effects may differ in landscapes with greater forest cover or different predator and brood‐parasite assemblages.
Accuracy and reliability of mastitis detection with electrical conductivity and milk colour measurement in automatic milking

Abstract Detection of mastitis and reliability of alarms were evaluated in eight herds with automatic milking. Herds were visited once to gather milk samples and the farmers followed up alarms for 15 to 30 days. Sensitivity of detecting quarters with SCC over the threshold value of 200,000 or 1,000,000 cells/ml was 18.0 to 42.9% in Group A, based on electrical conductivity (EC) and 5.5 to13.0% in Group B, based on EC and milk colour. Specificity was over 97.0%. In Group A, 6/17 of the EC alarms were false positives. None of the seven EC alarms in Group B was false positive. On the day that the farmer observed clinical mastitis, more than half of the quarters received alarms, but only milk from some quarters was automatically diverted. In total 58.4% (Group A) and 26.8% (Group B) of cows had alarms based on EC, and 84.1% (<20% true positives) and 12.0% (60–90% true positives) had alarms based on milk yield or milk colour during the follow-up period. The number of alarms was halved in Group A when a running average was applied to the algorithm of EC. The proportion of true positives simultaneously increased from 30% to 60%. In Group B, the number of alarms was almost doubled with algorithm manipulation, but the proportion of true positives declined from >80% to >70%.
Assessing Predictive Power and Earnings Manipulations. Applied Study on Listed Consumer Goods and Service Companies in Ghana Using 3 Z-Score Models

This study uses data from Ghana’s public listed consumer goods and service companies for the period of 2014-2018 to test the predictive power of Altman’s (2000), Taffler’s (1983), and Beneish’s (1999) models in detecting bankruptcy and Earnings Manipulation. Prediction power (accuracy) was tested for two Z-Score models: Altman’s (2000) revised model and Taffler’s (1983) model. All two models were found to have significant predictive power. Altman’s revised model was found to be accurate for listed consumer firms in Ghana at a predictive power rate of 66%. Taffler’s (1983) Z-Score model was equally found to be accurate for prediction at a higher predictive power of 88%. The Taffler (1983) model has a higher predictive power compared with Altman’s (2000) revised model. The Beneish (1999) model also revealed that the financial statements of the industry were manipulated at a different degree. The study recommends that stakeholders would be better protected when the three models are deployed simultaneously as an important part of an Audit engagement. Also, Altman’s (2000), Taffler (1983), and Beneish’s (1999) model should be applied in predicting bankruptcy and financial statement fraud evaluation in the banking and mining sectors in Ghana taking into account the frequent collapse, mergers, and acquisitions that do occur.
Scheduled Pre-Heating of Li-Ion Battery Packs for Balanced Temperature and State-of-Charge Distribution

Lithium-ion batteries exhibit significant performance degradation such as power/energy capacity loss and life cycle reduction in low-temperature conditions. Hence, the Li-ion battery pack is heated before usage to enhance its performance and lifetime. Recently, many internal heating methods have been proposed to provide fast and efficient pre-heating. However, the proposed methods only consider a combination of unit cells while the internal heating should be implemented for multiple groups within a battery pack. In this study, we investigated the possibility of timing control to simultaneously obtain balanced temperature and state of charge (SOC) between each cell by considering geometrical and thermal characteristics of the battery pack. The proposed method schedules the order and timing of the charge/discharge period for geometrical groups in a battery pack during internal pre-heating. We performed a pack-level simulation with realistic electro-thermal parameters of the unit battery cells by using the mutual pulse heating strategy for multi-layer geometry to acquire the highest heating efficiency. The simulation results for heating from −30 ∘ C to 10 ∘ C indicated that a balanced temperature-SOC status can be achieved via the proposed method. The temperature difference can be decreased to 0.38 ∘ C and 0.19% of the SOC difference in a heating range of 40 ∘ C with only a maximum SOC loss of 2.71% at the end of pre-heating.
Parental Job Loss and Early Child Development in the Great Recession

The study examines whether and why parental job loss may stifle early child development, relying on cohort data from the population of children born in Ireland in 2007–2008 (N = 6,303) and followed around the time of the Great Recession (2008–2013). A novel approach to mediation analysis is deployed, testing expectations from models of family investment and family stress. Parental job loss exacerbates problem behavior at ages 3 and 5 (.05–.08 SDs), via the channels of parental income and maternal negative parenting. By depressing parental income, job loss also hampers children’s verbal ability at age 3 (.03 SDs). This is tied to reduced affordability of formal childcare, highlighting a policy lever that might tame the intergenerational toll of job loss.
Linking cod (Gadus morhua) and climate: investigating variability in Irish Sea cod recruitment

How climatic variability and anthropogenic pressures interact to influence recruitment is a key factor in achieving sustainable resource management. However, the combined effects of these pressures can make it difficult to detect non-stationary interactions or shifts in the relationships with recruitment. Here we examine the links between climate and Irish Sea cod recruitment during a period of declining spawning stock biomass (SSB). Specifically, we test for a shift in the relationship between recruitment, SSB and climate by comparing an additive (generalized additive model, GAM) and non-additive threshold model (TGAM). The relationship between recruitment success, SSB and the climatic driver, sea surface temperature, was best described by the TGAM, with a threshold identified between recruitment and SSB at approximately 7900 t. The analysis suggests a threshold shift in the relationship between recruitment and SSB in Irish Sea cod, with cod recruitment being more sensitive to climatic variability during the recent low SSB regime.
Phenylpropanoid Metabolism in Ripening Fruits.

Ripening of fleshy fruit is a differentiation process involving biochemical and biophysical changes that lead to the accumulation of sugars and subsequent changes in tissue texture. Also affected are phenolic compounds, which confer color, flavor/aroma, and resistance to pathogen invasion and adverse environmental conditions. These phenolic compounds, which are the products of branches of the phenylpropanoid pathway, appear to be closely linked to fruit ripening processes. Three key enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway, namely phenylalanine ammonia lyase, O-methyltransferase, and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) have been reported to modulate various end products including lignin and protect plants against adverse conditions. In addition, peroxidase, the enzyme following CAD in the phenylpropanoid pathway, has also been associated with injury, wound repair, and disease resistance. However, the role of these enzymes in fruit ripening is a matter of only recent investigation and information is lacking on the relationships between phenylpropanoid metabolism and fruit ripening processes. Understanding the role of these enzymes in fruit ripening and their manipulation may possibly be valuable for delineating the regulatory network that controls the expression of ripening genes in fruit. This review elucidates the functional characterization of these key phenylpropanoid biosynthetic enzymes/genes during fruit ripening processes.
Authentication using Robust Primary PIN (Personal Identification Number), Multifactor Authentication for Credit Card Swipe and Online Transactions Security

In view of effectiveness, ease of access and profitability, the advancement in e-Commerce is an immense step in forward. The development is went with further unusual vulnerabilities to worry. The significant issue all through the world in credit card management is credit card fraud. Because of extortion and fraudsters persistently look for better approaches to confer unlawful activities the organizations, users and establishment finds tremendous loss yearly. In the common Credit Card extortion process, fraudulent transaction will be distinguished only after the transaction is finished. In recent Studies, the security of Credit Card Transaction from unauthorized admittance or usage are addressed by diverse access control methods. This paper illustrates a new scheme of Authentication using Primary PIN and Multifactor authentication to secure credit card transactions.