Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Churning Loss Reduction in 2D Motion-Converting Mechanisms

In recent years, two dimensional (2D) hydraulic components have significantly flourished. After a brief development introduction of the 2D pump and 2D flowmeter, it could be concluded that the churning loss, which is caused by the rotational motion of 2D motion-converting mechanisms, has an increasing effect on reducing energy losses. This paper first presents a new 2D motion-converting mechanism and introduces its structure and working principles. To compare it with the former 2D motion-converting mechanism, the same working conditions were applied when designing the new one. Afterward, the generated churning loss by the active parts of the mechanism, such as the new rotor, was well studied by establishing a simplified CFD simulation model and was also verified to have a smaller churning loss than that of the former mechanism. As another key simulation result, the influence of the axial motion of the new rotor was found to be negligible for the churning loss even when the rotational speed was high enough. A test rig was subsequently built up to prove the simulation by monitoring the torque at various rotational speeds. As a result, the churning losses that took place in the new 2D motion-converting mechanism were certainly reduced, and the potential reasons for that were analyzed, as shown in the conclusion section.
Adding leaves to the Lepidoptera tree: capturing hundreds of nuclear genes from old museum specimens

Museum collections around the world contain billions of specimens, including rare and extinct species. If their genetic information could be retrieved at a large scale, this would dramatically increase our knowledge of genetic and taxonomic diversity information, and support evolutionary, ecological and systematic studies. We here present a target enrichment kit for 2953 loci in 1753 orthologous nuclear genes + the barcoding region of cytochrome C oxidase 1, for Lepidoptera and demonstrate its utility to obtain a large number of nuclear loci from dry, pinned museum material collected from 1892 to 2017. We sequenced enriched libraries of 37 museum specimens across the order Lepidoptera, many from higher taxa not yet included in high‐throughput molecular studies, showing that our kit can be used to generate comparable data across the order, and provides resolution both for shallower and deeper nodes. The filtered datasets (172 taxa, 234 464 amino acid positions and corresponding nucleotides from 1835 CDS regions) were used to infer a phylogeny of Lepidoptera, which is largely congruent in topology to recent phylogenomic studies, but with the addition of some key taxa. We furthermore present our TEnriAn (Target Enrichment Analysis) workflow for processing and combining target enrichment, transcriptomic and genomic data.
Long-Term Effect of Various Organic and Inorganic Nutrient Sources on Rice Yield and Soil Quality in West Coast India Using Suitable Indexing Techniques

ABSTRACT Soil quality (SQ) under any agriculture system is greatly influenced by source of nutrients, type of soil, crop, and their management practices. In this regard, a field experiment was conducted under lowland rice production system for 5 years to assess the effect of nutrient management with organic and inorganic nutrient on soil quality. The nutrient management practices studied were: FYM: farmyard manure (10 t ha−1), Verm: vermicompost (5 t ha−1), GE: Gliricidia and Eupatorium (each 5 t ha−1), PW: Paddy straw and water hyacinth (each 5 t ha−1), SR: Dhaincha (10 t ha−1), RDF-NPK: recommended dose of fertilizers (100:50:50 NPK kg ha−1), and control. The effect of different nutrient management practices on the soil properties, grain yield, sustainable yield index, and soil quality index were evaluated. The nutrient management practices affected the soil properties, rice grain yield, and sustainable yield index significantly. Phosphatase activity, soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, available phosphorus, and nitrogen were selected for minimum data set using principal component analysis. Their corresponding average contribution to the soil quality index was 70.7, 7.92, 8.67, 1.69, and 10.9%, respectively. The soil quality index obtained by integrating the minimum data set and employing non-linear scoring function varied from 0.72 (SR) to 0.99 (FYM) and it was minimum in the control (0.68). The FYM improved the SQ by 28.5 and 45.5% over RDF-NPK and control, respectively. Using organic sources of nutrients under transplanted rice improves the soil quality and sustainability by improving plant growth and soil functions.
A Prediction Model for Information Diffusion in Online Social Network

The emergence of online social networks has brought many new platforms, e.g., Facebook, Flickr, YouTube, Sina Microblog, LinkedIn, and Twitter. These platforms are imperative constituents within the diffusion of information at an expansive scale, and Twitter is among the foremost utilized microblogging and online social organizing administrations. In Twitter, a title, phrase, or point tweeted at a greater rate than others are called a "trending topic" or "trend," and it becomes imperative to make available ways to evaluate this phenomenon. Assessing information diffusion appears to be an unsolvable perplex as these "trending topics" constitute a flood of views, thoughts, recommendations, considerations, proposals, etc., produced by users of these social networks. This paper thoroughly examined Twitter's trending topics in September 2019. We accessed Twitter's trends API for the month's trending topics and concocted six criteria to assess the dataset. These six criteria are location, lexical analysis, trending time, tweet volume, promo/giveaway, and social media influencer. Based on the criteria earlier mentioned, a prediction model was developed based on these criteria. Their results were used to predict how a piece of information would diffuse on the Twitter platform. General Terms Simulation, modeling
Determining educational needs of families for a value oriented family education program

Family is the foundation stone of society. Education is very important for the health of the family and therefore society. A value-oriented family education program is designed to support families. The aim of this research is to determine the basic education needs of families for a value-oriented family education program. The study group of the research consists of 205 families who enrolled in 4 kindergartens in the city center of Gümüşhane in the 2020-2021 Academic Year. In the research, "Family Education Needs Assessment Form" and Personal Information Form given to families during registration were used as data collection tools. This study, which was carried out in accordance with the descriptive scanning model, was analyzed by document analysis method. Percentage and frequency distributions were used in the analysis of the data. In the research, it is important to determine which issues families attach more importance to in value-oriented family education, what they need and to create the program content accordingly. Subjects such as communication with the child, child-rearing attitudes and positive discipline methods, adjustment and behavioral problems observed in pre-school children, school-family cooperation, sexual education, teaching basic habits, books and children's books, play, preparation for primary school, television-internet and their effects on the child have been examined and it has been determined which of these the families need more in terms of family education. It is also seen that most of the families want to receive education in the morning and twice a week on weekdays. In addition, it was determined whether the educational needs of families differ according to the age of the child, the age of the mother, the age of the father, the education of the mother, the education of the father, the profession of the father, the family togetherness and the family income level.
Shape Optimization of Rectangular Plates for Vibration-Based Fatigue Testing

In vibration-based high cycle fatigue testing, a base-excited plate is driven at a high frequency resonant mode until failure. In one vibration-based method involving a cantilevered square plate, a mode often referred to as the “two-stripe” mode is sometimes used because it exists at high frequencies and produces large uniaxial bending stresses along the free edge that are suitable for fatigue testing. The purpose of this work is to precisely investigate how the dimensions of a more generally rectangular plate influence performance when driven at the two-stripe mode. Included are the results of many thousands of modal analysis simulations. From these simulations, general trends with respect to resonant frequencies, frequency isolation, and stress fields in the plate are examined. Results of select geometries were then experimentally validated using a 1000 lb shaker. It is generally shown that, compared with square plates, rectangular plates with 1.37 length-to-width ratio exhibit more favorable stress distributions and frequency isolation. Recommendations are also given for how to quickly select preferable plate dimensions when planning a test based around the operating frequencies of the test setup.
Plagiarism in the age of massive Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPT-3)

As if 2020 was not a peculiar enough year, its fifth month saw the relatively quiet publication of a preprint describing the most powerful natural language processing (NLP) system to date—GPT-3 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer-3)—created by the Silicon Valley research firm OpenAI. Though the software implementation of GPT-3 is still in its initial beta release phase, and its full capabilities are still unknown as of the time of this writing, it has been shown that this artificial intelligence can comprehend prompts in natural language, on virtually any topic, and generate relevant original text content that is indistinguishable from human writing. Moreover, access to these capabilities, in a limited yet worrisome enough extent, is available to the general public. This paper presents examples of original content generated by the author using GPT-3. These examples illustrate some of the capabilities of GPT-3 in comprehending prompts in natural language and generating convincing content in response. I use these examples to raise specific fundamental questions pertaining to the intellectual property of this content and the potential use of GPT-3 to facilitate plagiarism. The goal is to instigate a sense of urgency, as well as a sense of present tardiness on the part of the academic community in addressing these questions.
Exact Solution of the Time Fractional Variant Boussinesq-Burgers Equations

In the present article, we consider a nonlinear time fractional system of variant Boussinesq-Burgers equations. Using Lie group analysis, we derive the infinitesimal groups of transformations containing some arbitrary constants. Next, we obtain the system of optimal algebras for the symmetry group of transformations. Afterward, we consider one of the optimal algebras and construct similarity variables, which reduces the given system of fractional partial differential equations (FPDEs) to fractional ordinary differential equations (FODEs). Further, under the invariance condition we construct the exact solution and the physical significance of the solution is investigated graphically. Finally, we study the conservation law of the system of equations.
Sensitivity of Hypersonic Dusty Flows to Physical Modeling of the Particle Phase

CD = drag coefficient cd = specific heat of particle, J∕kg cp = specific heat at constant pressure, J∕kg cv = specific heat at constant volume, J∕kg D = particle diameter, m ds = distance from stagnation line, m E = total energy per unit mass, J∕kg F = drag force, N Fp = pressure-induced drag, N Fqs = quasi-steady drag, N Fs = inviscid flux Fthermo = thermophoretic force, N Fv = viscous flux Kn = Knudsen number Ma = Mach number m = mass, kg Nb = number of basis functions Ne = number of elements P = pressure, Pa Pr = Prandtl number p = polynomial order Q = heating rate, W Qqs = quasi-steady heating, W Quu = undisturbed–unsteady energy contribution, W q = surface heat flux, W∕m Re = Reynolds number Rs = sphere radius, m S = molecular speed ratio S = source term vector Se = back-coupled energy transfer, W∕m Sρ = back-coupled mass transfer, kg∕m∕s Sρ = back-coupled momentum transfer, Pa/m T = temperature, K Tad = adiabatic wall temperature, K Tr = recovery temperature, K t = time, s U = vector of state variables u = velocity, m∕s Vd = particle volume, m 3
Ternary fission of 250,252Cf isotopes with 3H and 6He as light charged particle

The spontaneous cold ternary fission of Cf isotope with H and He as light charged particle with fragments in equatorial and collinear configuration have been studied using the Unified ternary fission model (UTFM). In both equatorial and collinear configuration, the fragment combinations with the highest relative yield are found to be the same. In the 3 H accompanied ternary fission of 250 Cf and 252 Cf isotope, the highest relative yield is found for the ternary splitting 114 Pd+ 3 H+ 133 Sb and 116 Pd+ 3 H+ 133 Sb respectively. Here the fragment combinations possess the highest Q value and includes the presence of near doubly magic nucleus 133 Sb (N=82, Z=51). In the case of 250 Cf and 252 Cf isotope with 6 He as light charged particle, the highest relative yield is found for the fragmentation 110 Ru+ 6 He+ 134 Te and 114 Pd+ 6 He+ 132 Sn respectively, which is due to the presence of near doubly magic nucleus 134 Te (N=82, Z=52) and doubly magic nucleus 132 Sn (N=82, Z=50). Hence the presence of high Q value and doubly or near doubly magic nucleus plays a significant role in the ternary fission of 250,252 Cf isotopes with 3 H and 6 He as light charged particle.
Antioxidative Potential of Sweet Orange Peel Extracts on the Stability of Refined Soybean Oil

Sweet orange peel extracts as a natural source of antioxidant was evaluated during twelve months storage of refined soybean oil (RSBO) in white transparent plastic bottles at room temperature (27 - 33 o C). Extracts of sweet orange peel were prepared by separately dissolving dried, ground and sieved orange peel into acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and water in ratio 1:10 for 72 h. Maximum yield of extracts were obtained with water (17.60 ± 0.75%) and methanol (12.82 ± 0.76%). The methanol orange peel extract (MOPE) and water orange peel extract (WOPE) were separately added at varying concentrations (200 - 1000 ppm) to RSBO. Another set of RSBO which contained no additive (0 ppm, control) and 200 ppm BHT was set-up. The colour units and refractive indices of oil samples were immediately determined while free fatty acid (FFA), acid value (AV) and peroxide value (PV) of RSBO samples were monitored monthly using standard methods for a period of twelve months. The colour of RSBO containing MOPE (10.0 - 12.0 units) was higher than RSBO containing WOPE (9.0 - 10.0 units) while colour of RSBO sample containing no additive (0 ppm) was 8.0 units and 9.0 units for RSBO containing 200 ppm BHT. There was no remarkable difference in refractive index of RSBO containing MOPE and WOPE (1.470 - 1.471) with that of RSBO containing 200 ppm BHT (1.470). There was significant difference at P  0.05 in FFA, AV and PV of RSBO containing MOPE and WOPE with RSBO containing no additive. The MOPE and WOPE at all concentrations considered are more effective in stabilizing RSBO hydrolytically and oxidatively than 200 ppm BHT.
Application of Data Assimilation and the Relationship between ENSO and Precipitation

Climate change in Thailand is related to the El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, in particular drought and heavy precipitation. The data assimilation method is used to improve the accuracy of the Ensemble Intermediate Coupled Model (EICM) that simulates the sea surface temperature (SST). The four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) and three-dimensional variational (3D-Var) schemes have been used for data assimilation purposes. The simulation was performed by the model with and without data assimilation from satellite data in 2011. The result shows that the model with data assimilation is better than the model without data assimilation. The 4D-Var scheme is the best method, with a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.492 and a Correlation Coefficient of 0.684. The relationship between precipitation in Thailand and the ENSO area in Niño 3.4 was consistent for seven months, with a correlation coefficient of −0.882.
Inconsistencies in English Learner Identification: An Inventory of How Home Language Surveys Across U.S. States Screen Multilingual Students

Home Language Surveys (HLS) are widely used by states as an initial screening tool to determine whether students should receive English as a Second Language (ESL) services. Parents/guardians are asked to complete the surveys when enrolling a student into a school. We collected surveys from the 50 states and the District of Columbia. We completed them as if we were the parent/guardian of six use-case students. Research questions were (1) How do HLS vary from state to state, if at all? What kinds of questions do they ask? (2) How do HLS across the 50 states and the District of Columbia identify, or not, six fictitious students for further ESL screening? We found that states and U.S. Department of Education–approved HLS questions identified students differently due to unclear questions, such as asking bilingual families to name one dominant language. We recommend additional validation measures be taken with survey questions.
Martensite Formation and Decomposition during Traditional and AM Processing of Two-Phase Titanium Alloys—An Overview

Titanium alloys have been considered as unique materials for many years. Even their microstructure and operational properties have been well known and described in details, the new technologies introduced—e.g., 3D printing—have restored the need for further research in this area. It is understood that martensitic transformation is usually applied in heat treatment of hardenable alloys (e.g., Fe alloys), but in the case of titanium alloys, it also occurs during the thermomechanical processing or advanced additive manufacturing. The paper summarizes previous knowledge on martensite formation and decomposition processes in two-phase titanium alloys. It emphasizes their important role in microstructure development during conventional and modern industrial processing.
Cross-cultural adaptation of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale in Greek clinical population

Background: Catastrophizing is an important psychological construct in mediating the behavioral response toward pain. Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) in Greek clinical population. Methods: The scale was administered in 376 patients with chronic cervical and lumbar pain. Test–retest reliability, internal consistency (Cronbach α) and concurrent validity were assessed. Exploratory (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were used to test the factorial validity of the hypothesized three factor structure. Results: The PCS factors suggested high levels of test–retest reliability, whereas Cronbachs’ α values were acceptable. The EFA yielded a three-factor solution and indicated a marginal fit to the data. CFA procedures indicated a rather acceptable fit to the data. The concurrent validity of the instrument was confirmed. Conclusion: PCS seems to be a reliable and valid instrument in Greek patients with chronic cervical and lumbar pain.
Neurosensory Rehabilitation and Olfactory Network Recovery in Covid-19-related Olfactory Dysfunction

Non-conductive olfactory dysfunction (OD) is an important extra-pulmonary manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Olfactory bulb (OB) volume loss and olfactory network functional connectivity (FC) defects were identified in two patients suffering from prolonged COVID-19-related OD. One patient received olfactory treatment (OT) by the combination of oral vitamin A and smell training via the novel electronic portable aromatic rehabilitation (EPAR) diffusers. After four-weeks of OT, clinical recuperation of smell was correlated with interval increase of bilateral OB volumes [right: 22.5 mm3 to 49.5 mm3 (120%), left: 37.5 mm3 to 42 mm3 (12%)] and improvement of mean olfactory FC [0.09 to 0.15 (66.6%)].
Combined exercise training-induced improvements in executive functions are related to baseline plasmatic levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in middle-aged adults and older with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) affects many cognitive functions and aerobic plus resistance exercise training, named combined training (CT), by improving metabolic control may mitigate or reverse the cognitive impairment T2DM-related. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a substantial role in cognitive functions. However, the effects of CT on BDNF levels of T2DM subjects are poorly known.Aim: This study analyzed the effects of 8 weeks of CT on circulating BDNF levels and assessed whether plasmatic BDNF levels were related to CT-induced improvements in executive functions and long-term memory of T2DM subjects.Methods: Thirty-five (63 ± 8 years old) T2DM subjects of both sexes entered into CT (n = 17, thrice-weekly during 8 weeks) or control group (CONT, n = 18). Executive functions (measured through Trail making test, Stroop color task, and Digit Span), long-term memory (measured through the simplified version of Taylor Complex Figure Test), and blood samples were evaluated pre- and post-intervention.Results: Pre-CT plasma BDNF levels were positively related to CT-induced improvements on executive functions composite z-score (r = 0.71), inhibitory control (r = 0.58) and cognitive flexibility (r = 0.56), but not to long-term memory. Plasma BDNF levels were not statistically changed (pre-CT: 179 ± 88 pg/ml; post-CT: 148 ± 108 pg/ml; pre-CONT: 163 ± 71 pg/ml; post-CONT: 141 ± 84 pg/ml, p > 0.05). Conclusion: Higher pre-training BDNF levels might be a potentializing factor of the training-induced improvements on executive functions, independently of the training-alterations in resting BDNF levels of T2DM subjects.
Influences of Priming on Selected Physiological Attributes and Protein Pattern Responses of Salinized Wheat with Extracts of Hormophysa cuneiformis and Actinotrichia fragilis

Biological effects of extracts obtained from the seaweeds Hormophysa cuneiformis (J.F.Gmelin) P.C. Silva and Actinotrichia fragilis (Forsskål) Bùrgesen were investigated using wheat for the improvement of growth and amelioration of the negative effects of soil salinity. Exposure of plants to salt stress resulted in an overall decrease in growth, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids and soluble sugars, as well as nutrient uptake (i.e., K, Ca and Mg) and K+/Na+ ratio. At the same time, increases were found in proline, total free amino acids, phenolic compounds, malondialdehyde (MDA), Na+ ions, as well as the activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Priming wheat seeds with H. cuneiformis and A. fragilis extracts mitigated the negative impacts of salinity by enhancing growth and all the above attributes except MDA and Na+. Treatments with H. cuneiformis or A. fragilis extracts resulted in an increased intensity of the polypeptide bands with 200, 159, 120, 40, and 22 KDa which were already apparent in the control. A. fragilis showed higher effectiveness than H. cuneiformis extracts under both control and stressed regimes. Our results highlight “biofertilizer” properties of two seaweeds and furnish mechanistic insight into their salinity-improvement action, which is pertinent for both applied and basic research.