Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Disruption of Time Perception and of Self-Timed Actions

We tested the hypothesis that THC disrupts self-timed actions in healthy volunteers, and that this e ﬀ ect is related to self-rated perceptions of time distortion. We found that THC impaired subjective time perception and reduced the rate of button pressing, although the change in the rate of button pressing was more closely related to impaired concentration and intoxication. We conclude that THC-induced disruption of self-timed actions may arise from a di ﬀ erent mechanism to alterations in time perception. Disruption of the ability to judge time is a common e ﬀ ect shared by di ﬀ erent classes of drugs with disparate mechanisms of action. This impairment manifests as a change in the subjective awareness of the passing of time, with individuals sometimes experiencing phenomena such as time stopping or changing in speed; and as an alteration in the ability to correctly judge time periods and to generate self-timed actions in a consistent manner [4] . Di ﬀ erent mechanisms are hypothesised to underlie the estimation and generation of short (1 s or less) time spans (thought to be sub-conscious and dependent upon cerebellar function), and longer periods of time (thought to be governed by thalamo-cortico-striatal circuits) [1] . Here we test the hypothesis that THC disrupts the timing of self-generated actions in healthy volunteers, and that the degree of disruption correlates with self-rated perceptions of time change, attention and concentration. The study was approved by
Susceptibility‐sensitive MRI of multiple sclerosis lesions and the impact of normal‐appearing white matter changes

Susceptibility‐sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gained importance in multiple sclerosis (MS) research because of its versatility, high resolution and excellent sensitivity to changes in tissue structure and composition. In particular, mapping of the resonance frequency of the MR signal and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) have been explored for the description of MS lesions. Many current studies utilizing these techniques attribute increases in the MR frequency or QSM to elevated tissue iron content, in addition to myelin loss. However, this common interpretation is inconsistent with recent histopathological studies. Here, we investigate the nature of MR frequency shifts related to MS lesions by comparing post‐mortem MRI data with histology, and contrast them with numerical simulations of the MR signal. We demonstrate that iron accumulation is not the driving source of the MR frequency or QSM image contrast in our sample; rather, most chronic MS lesions are characterized by advanced loss of both myelin and iron. Moreover, our results suggest that the appearance of MS lesions on MR frequency maps and QSM depends on changes in the non‐lesional white matter surrounding the lesions. Understanding and accounting for these changes is essential for the quantitative interpretation of MR frequency or QSM data in white matter.
Effectiveness and Cost-effectiveness of Opportunistic Screening and Stepped-care Interventions for Older Alcohol Users in Primary Care

Aims To compare the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a stepped-care intervention versus a minimal intervention for the treatment of older hazardous alcohol users in primary care. Method Multi-centre, pragmatic RCT, set in Primary Care in UK. Patients aged ≥ 55 years scoring ≥ 8 on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test were allocated either to 5-min of brief advice or to 'Stepped Care': an initial 20-min of behavioural change counselling, with Step 2 being three sessions of Motivational Enhancement Therapy and Step 3 referral to local alcohol services (progression between each Step being determined by outcomes 1 month after each Step). Outcome measures included average drinks per day, AUDIT-C, alcohol-related problems using the Drinking Problems Index, health-related quality of life using the Short Form 12, costs measured from a NHS/Personal Social Care perspective and estimated health gains in quality adjusted life-years measured assessed EQ-5D. Results Both groups reduced alcohol consumption at 12 months but the difference between groups was small and not significant. No significant differences were observed between the groups on secondary outcomes. In economic terms stepped care was less costly and more effective than the minimal intervention. Conclusions Stepped care does not confer an advantage over a minimal intervention in terms of reduction in alcohol use for older hazardous alcohol users in primary care. However, stepped care has a greater probability of being more cost-effective. Trial Registration Current controlled trials ISRCTN52557360. Short summary A stepped care approach was compared with brief intervention for older at-risk drinkers attending primary care. While consumption reduced in both groups over 12 months there was no significant difference between the groups. An economic analysis indicated the stepped care which had a greater probability of being more cost-effective than brief intervention.
Optical coherence tomography applied to tests of skin care products in humans – a case study

When evaluating skin care products for human skin, quantitative test methods need to be simple, precise and reliable. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), provides high‐resolution sectional images of translucent materials to a depth of a few millimeters, a technique usually applied to medical measurements in ophthalmology and dermatology. This study aimed to demonstrate the application of OCT as the main technique for monitoring changes in skin topography during tests of a wrinkle‐reduction product in humans.
Elliptical localization with pulsed second‐order fields (ECLIPSE) for robust lipid suppression in proton MRSI

Proton MRSI has great clinical potential for metabolic mapping of the healthy and pathological human brain. Unfortunately, the promise has not yet been fully achieved due to numerous technical challenges related to insufficient spectral quality caused by magnetic field inhomogeneity, insufficient RF transmit power and incomplete lipid suppression. Here a robust, novel method for lipid suppression in 1H MRSI is presented. The method is based on 2D spatial localization of an elliptical region of interest using pulsed second‐order spherical harmonic (SH) magnetic fields. A dedicated, high‐amplitude second‐order SH gradient setup was designed and constructed, containing coils to generate Z2, X2Y2 and XY magnetic fields. Simulations and phantom MRI results are used to demonstrate the principles of the method and illustrate the manifestation of chemical shift displacement. 1H MRSI on human brain in vivo demonstrates high quality, robust suppression of extracranial lipids. The method allows a wide range of inner or outer volume selection or suppression and should find application in MRSI, reduced‐field‐of‐view MRI and single‐volume MRS.
A lockfree shared memory design for high‐throughput multicore packet traffic capture

Earlier study by this author has shown that traffic can be captured in multicore architectures with negligible overhead, thus introducing the topic of multicore parallelization into packet traffic analysis. Designs that involve locking or message passing are considered default in parallel processing, which is incompatible with packet traffic with its high throughput and small grain. This paper proposes a new design for shared memory which can be used by any number of processes completely lockfree. Analysis of processing overhead and C/C + + implementation of the design are presented. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy‐efficient management using a traffic‐oriented routing scheme for cognitive radio networks

This paper elaborates on a traffic manipulation routing scheme that associates the moments of the traffic, targeting the maximization of the energy conservation, as well as the effective resource management of the network nodes. The energy conservation is achieved through the data flow coordination, in association with the data traffic volume and the resource exchange, between the nodes that exploit radio spectrum access in cognitive radio networking architectures. The routing scheme that is proposed in this paper interrelates the backward difference of traffic moments for each node based on a series model, together with the sleep‐time period, towards reflecting this measurement to the minimization of the nodes activity durations to achieve energy conservation. The effective operation of the routing scheme is achieved by exploiting a signalling mechanism that was adopted for the proper communication of the nodes over the available radio spectrum parts, such as the television white spaces. Simulation tests were conducted towards examining the validity of the proposed routing scheme via multiple performance evaluation experiments. Simulation results have shown the offered reliability and the efficiency of the proposed traffic‐aware scheme, in reference to the efficient energy consumption of the networking nodes and the minimization of the delays. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topical application of vitamin A to oral leukoplakia – a clinical case series

Due to the possibility of malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia, these lesions must be assessed and managed closely and, if not resolved, must be reassessed on a regular basis. This study evaluated the use of topical 0.05% vitamin A (tretinoin) acid gel for the treatment of oral leukoplakia. Tretinoin was applied topically 4 times a day for the management of non-malignant oral white lesions in 26 patients. The clinical response was evaluated in all patients and post-treatment biopsies were performed in ten patients. The mean age of the patients at the time of diagnosis was 62 years. Of the 26 patients, 50% were tobacco users. Patients were followed for a mean of 23 months. Approximately 27% of the patients had a complete clinical remission. Recurrence of leukoplakia was observed in approximately 40% of patients, in whom complete clinical remission occurred if topical applications were discontinued. A 50% reduction in the clinical grade of leukoplakia from a mean of 2.8 to 1.4 on a scale ranging from 0 (no leukoplakia) to 4 (speckled leukoplakia) was observed. When the pre-treatment and post-treatment biopsies from 10 patients were evaluated, no change in the mean histologic grade (between mild and moderate dysplasia) was noted; however, some reduction in the histologic grade was noted in 3 of these patients (30%). The use of topical vitamin A acid showed a limited effect in controlling oral leukoplakia. Further studies are needed to establish the appropriate indication, efficacy and best choice for chemoprevention agents. Close follow-up of all patients with oral leukoplakia is required. Henk Tideman
Analysis of monitoring and multipath support on top of OpenFlow specification

In general, traffic is pushed through a single path despite the existence of alternative paths in networks. For example, routing solutions based on spanning tree prune the topology to prevent loops, consequently preventing also the use of alternative paths. Research on quality of service frequently advocates that the use of alternative paths is interesting for enforcing Service Level Agreements (SLAs), bypassing bottlenecks created by shortest paths. In this paper, we are interested in analyzing the support for monitoring network traffic and for provisioning of multipaths in software‐defined networking (SDN), given the strong platform it provides for experimentation of new networked solutions. Our approach firstly enriches the topology view at the control plane with data gathered through fine grain data plane monitoring. On the basis of such enriched view, our system determines the path, or multipaths, necessary to enforce the specified SLA. We propose 2 extension modules to an OpenFlow controller: SDNMon, which monitors the data plane to enrich the topology information at the control plane, and MP‐Routing, which determines a set of paths, in the absence of a single path capable of enforcing the SLA. Both modules are extensively evaluated, and the results not only demonstrate what can be achieved in terms of accuracy in SDNMon and in terms of quality of service benefits in MP‐Routing but also highlight some limitations of OpenFlow specification. On the basis of our findings, we propose a set of new counters to Per Port and Per Flow granularity levels of OpenFlow specification.
Accepted for publication in the Journal of Clinical Densitometry on 19.05.2017 Cross calibration of the GE-Prodigy and iDXA for the measurement of total and regional body composition in adults

Introduction: Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) body composition measurements are widely performed in both clinical and research settings, and enable the rapid and noninvasive estimation of total and regional fat and lean mass tissue. DXA upgrading can occur during longitudinal monitoring or study, therefore cross calibration of old and new absorptiometers is required. We compared soft tissue estimations from the GE Prodigy with the more recent iDXA, and developed translational equations to enable Prodigy values to be converted to iDXA values. Methodology: Eighty three men and women aged 20.1 to 63.3 years and with a BMI range of 17.0 to 34.4 kg.m were recruited to the study. Fifty nine participants (41 women: 18 men) comprised the cross calibration group and 24 (14 women: 10 men) comprised the validation group. Total body Prodigy and iDXA scans were performed on each subject within 24 hours. Predictive equations for total and regional soft tissue parameters were derived from linear regression of the data. Results: Measures of lean and fat tissue were highly correlated (R=0.95-0.99) but significant differences and variability between machines were identified. Bland Altman analysis revealed significant biases for most measures, particularly for arm, android and gynoid fat mass (12.3 to 22.7%). The derived translational equations reduced biases and differences for most parameters, although limits of agreement exceeded iDXA least significant change. Conclusion: Variability in soft tissue estimates between the Prodigy and iDXA were detected, supporting the need for translational equations in longitudinal monitoring. The derived equations are suitable for group but not individual analysis.
A novel methodology for robust VBR video transmission in an ATM system

A dynamic FEC (DFEC) scheme for VBR video in ATM networks is proposed. The scheme combines the design of source encoder, error control, and the network. In the design, we will develop a methodology to vary FEC redundancy dynamically. The methodology considers the fluctuations in video source and network utilisation to adjust the FEC redundancy levels. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme by examining its performance with three existing schemes in terms of loss rates, throughput, and quality degradation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Get your work noticed: how authors can help readers to find annals papers online.

Most readers find papers through a web search, database, or indexing service using ‘search terms’. This makes it important for authors to ensure that the publicly available data relating to their paper (i.e. the title, abstract, keywords) do in fact contain the search terms that those interested in the paper are likely to use. It is also an advantage if the paper is ranked highly in the search results because as we all know, the higher the ranking, the more likely it is that the search engine user will click through. Techniques for optimizing academic papers for search engines are discussed in detail by Beel et al. (2010), who have examined the most popular academic search engines and the algorithms they use to rank search results (Beel and Gipp, 2009). There are many factors that influence search rankings, but the ones that authors can readily control are where the search terms appear and how many instances there are. As a general rule, the ranking order is likely to be influenced by:
Does daily exposure to whole-body vibration and mechanical shock relate to the prevalence of low back and neck pain in a rural workforce?

OBJECTIVES To determine whether whole-body vibration (WBV) and mechanical shock exposure from quad bike use are associated with the prevalence of neck and low back pain (LBP) in New Zealand farmers and rural workers. METHODS Full-day WBV and mechanical shock exposures were gathered from 130 farmers and rural workers. Participants were surveyed for a history of neck or LBP in the past 7 days and in the past 12 months. Anthropometric, personal, and workplace data were also gathered. RESULTS Physical exposures (mechanical shocks), employee status, and low levels of workplace satisfaction are all significantly associated with the 12-month prevalence of LBP in this rural workforce that regularly use quad bikes. Both vibration and mechanical shock exposure were strongly associated with 12-month prevalence of neck pain. The 7-day prevalence of neck pain showed a non-significant association with mechanical shock and vibration. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of these findings will be valuable information for those who teach and advise on safe driving techniques for such vehicles in the rural workplace where reduction of physical exposures and injury rates is of high importance.
SNMP GetRows: an effective scheme for retrieving management information from MIB tables

Management information accessible via SNMP is organized in the Management Information Base (MIB). Many management applications are based on management information within an MIB table. The management information useful for management applications may be located in some rows of an MIB table. Owing to the limitation of current SNMP GetNext and GetBulk services, it is usually inevitable to retrieve all the rows of an MIB table even if some of them are needed. As the size of the MIB table grows, the object retrieval will incur considerable bandwidth and latency. Without loss of the simplicity of SNMP, we propose a novel SNMP service, called GetRows, to provide the capability of object selection via SNMP. Using GetRows, a management application can specify criteria for evaluating rows of an MIB table. Only the object instances in the rows selected by the criteria will be retrieved. Thus, less bandwidth and latency can be achieved by using the proposed GetRows service. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expedited Electronic Entry: A New Way to Manage Mass-Casualty Radiology Order Workflow

Abstract One of the important tenets of emergency preparedness is that planning for disaster response should resemble standard operating procedure whenever possible. Electronic order entry has become part of the standard operating procedures of most institutions but many of these systems are either too cumbersome for use during a surge or can even be rendered non-functional during a sudden patient surge such as a mass-casualty incident (MCI). Presented here is an experience with delayed radiology order entry during a recent MCI and the after action programming of the system based on this real experience. In response to the after action analysis of the MCI, a task force was assigned to solve the MCI radiology order entry problem and a solution to streamline disaster image ordering was devised. A “browse page” was created that lists every x-ray and every CT scan that might be needed in such an event with all required information defaulted to “Disaster. ” This created a way to order multiple images for any one patient, with 40% time saving over standard electronic order entry. This disaster radiology order entry solution is an example of the surge preparedness needed to promote patient safety and efficient care delivery as the widespread deployment of electronic health records and order entry continues across the United States. BookmanK, ZaneR. Delayed electronic entry: a new way to manage mass-casualty radiology order workflow. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(4):1-2.
A branch‐and‐price algorithm for switch‐box routing

Routing in VLSI design concerns the wiring of a chip after the logical modules have been placed. A subproblem occurring in VLSI design is switch‐box routing. Switch‐box routing can be formulated as the problem of packing Steiner trees in a grid graph. The only previous exact solution method for switch‐box routing uses a branch‐and‐cut approach. The aim of this work was to solve the switch‐box routing problem to optimality by using a branch‐and‐price algorithm based on an IP model where variables represent Steiner trees and where the pricing problem becomes the problem of finding a Steiner tree in a graph. In the primal algorithm, the focal points are branching strategy, pricing strategy, perturbation of the linear program, and computation of lower bounds to terminate column generation early. The final implementation yielded optimal solutions in the knock‐knee model to seven classic switch‐box instances, of which three had not been solved to optimality prior to this work. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tissue Engineering of ACL Replacements

ACL injuries affect a large number of people, and such injuries lead to joint instability and increased risk for degenerative joint disease later in life. Reconstruction of the damaged joint using an in vitro engineered ACL replacement construct is becoming more of a reality and avoids the risk of allografts or the donor site morbidity associated with autografts. Whereas progress has been made in generating engineered tissues for ACL replacement in model systems, several challenges still remain. These include the choice of a suitable scaffold (components of normal tissue or biodegradable materials), the density and differentiation state of appropriate cells, the biomechanical environment required for optimal in vitro generation, parameters required for successful engraftment, and the biologic diversity of the host. Whereas the solutions to these challenges are being addressed by various groups and progress is being made, there are still gaps in our understanding of how to generate, implant, and ensure the success of these engineered tissues. This review discusses the current status of engineering ACL replacements and the challenges remaining.
Who Takes Care of Education 18 months on? A follow-up study of looked after children's perceptions of support for educational progress

This paper represents a follow-up publication to the findings of a previous paper by documenting the views of a follow-up sample of 56 young people, aged 12–19 years, looked after in three English local authorities. Young people were interviewed on two separate occasions, 18 months apart, to assess their perceptions of educational progress and identify factors that might support or hinder their education. The interviews took place as part of an ongoing evaluation of the Taking Care of Education project, a development programme designed to facilitate improvements in the education of looked after children. Most young people were aware of individual project-related activities and a number of these were seen to contribute towards educational progress. Perceptions of educational progress were significantly higher at follow-up interview and an increased proportion of young people reported that being looked after had had a positive impact upon their education. Carers and teachers continued to be the most frequently mentioned providers of educational support, but the proportion of comments relating to educational support from social workers increased at follow-up. The most consistent explanation given for improved educational progress was the availability of support and encouragement for educational progress and acknowledgement of young people's achievements.