Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on Individual AIDS‐Defining Illness Incidence and Survival in Australia

Objective: To determine the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on incidence of initial AIDS‐defining illnesses (ADIs) and survival after individual ADIs. Methods: Australian AIDS notification data over the period 1993 to 2000 were examined. Analyses were based on all initial ADIs. To examine the impact of HAART, two periods of AIDS diagnosis were chosen: pre‐HAART (1993‐1995) and HAART (1996‐2000). Comparisons between these two periods included proportion of individual ADIs, median CD4 lymphocyte counts at and survival following AIDS and individual ADIs. Median survival was based on Kaplan‐Meier estimates, with examination of factors influencing survival in a Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Over the period 1993 to 2000 in Australia, 5017 initial ADIs were diagnosed among 4351 AIDS cases. At AIDS diagnosis, changes from the pre‐HAART (1993‐1995) to HAART (1996‐2000) periods included an increased proportion of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) (25.9% to 30.4%; p = .001), AIDS dementia complex (5.2% to 6.8%; p = 0.029), non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (4.4% to 6.3%; p = .005), and tuberculosis (0.5% to 2.7%; p < .0005). Median survival following AIDS increased from 19.6 months for AIDS cases diagnosed in 1993 to 1995 to 39.6 months for AIDS cases diagnosed in 1996 to 2000 (p < .0005). Median survival was stable for NHL (7.5‐8.8 months; p = .26), but increased significantly for almost all other ADIs. Conclusions: An increased proportion of PCP relative to other ADIs suggests an increasing proportion of AIDS patients not receiving specific prophylaxis, presumably because of “late” HIV diagnosis. Survival following almost all ADIs has increased in the era of HAART, although the prognosis after NHL remains extremely poor.
Total biodegradation of the oestrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone by a bacterial culture

A mixed culture of bacteria, enriched from soil collected at a coal gasification site, proved capable of removing the potent oestrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone from culture media. The bacteria grew rapidly when zearalenone was provided as the sole source of carbon and energy. HPLC and ELISA analysis of culture extracts revealed no zearalenone or zearalenone‐like products. Fourteen bacterial isolates from the mixed culture were identified and purified. The ability to degrade zearalenone was lost upon purification and recombination of the bacterial members of the mixed culture. A strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens capable of degrading polychlorinated biphenyls was unable to degrade zearalenone. This is the first report of the complete degradation of zearalenone by bacteria. The present study suggests the potential of mixed cultures in the biodegradation of zearalenone.
Use of the DirecNet Applied Treatment Algorithm (DATA) for diabetes management with a real‐time continuous glucose monitor (the FreeStyle Navigator)

Background: There are no published guidelines for use of real‐time continuous glucose monitoring data by a patient; we therefore developed the DirecNet Applied Treatment Algorithm (DATA). The DATA provides algorithms for making diabetes management decisions using glucose values: (i) in real time which include the direction and rate of change of glucose levels, and (ii) retrospectively based on downloaded sensor data.
Extracellular Protein Secreted by Bacillus subtilis ATCC21332 in the Presence of Streptomycin Sulfate

: The extracellular proteins secreted by bacteria may be increased in stressful surroundings, such as in the presence of antibiotics. It appears that many antibiotics, when used at low concentrations, have in common the ability to activate or repress gene transcription, which is distinct from their inhibitory effect. There have been comparatively few studies on the potential of antibiotics as a specific chemical signal that can trigger a variety of biological functions. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the effect of Streptomycin Sulfate in regulating extracellular proteins secreted by Bacillus subtilis ATCC21332. Results of Microdilution assay showed that the Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) of Streptomycin Sulfate on B. subtilis ATCC21332 was 2.5 mg/ml. The bacteria cells were then exposed to Streptomycin Sulfate at concentration of 0.01 MIC before being further incubated for 48h to 72 h. The extracellular proteins secreted were then isolated and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Proteins profile revealed that three additional bands with approximate sizes of 30 kDa, 22 kDa and 23 kDa were appeared for the treated bacteria with Streptomycin Sulfate. Thus, B. subtilis ATCC21332 in stressful condition with the presence of Streptomycin Sulfate at low concentration could induce the extracellular proteins secretion.
Conditions Affecting the Association between Father Identity and Father Involvement

To better understand the conditions under which fathers are more or less involved with their children, we tested the moderating influences of interparental relationships on the association between identity and behavior in a sample of 186 married and 93 divorced fathers. Results showed that identity investment and satisfaction were positively associated with involvement in childrelated activities, but identity salience was not. Also, the relationship between satisfaction and involvement was stronger when there was less cooperation and less indirect conflict, and the relationship between investment and involvement was stronger when there was less cooperation. These moderating effects were stronger for divorced fathers.
Extensive television viewing and the development of attention and learning difficulties during adolescence.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of television viewing with educational and intellectual outcomes during adolescence and early adulthood. DESIGN Prospective epidemiological study. SETTING Families participating in the Children in the Community Study, a prospective longitudinal investigation, were interviewed at mean offspring ages 14, 16, and 22 years. PARTICIPANTS A community-based sample of 678 families from upstate New York. MAIN EXPOSURES Television viewing, attention difficulties, learning difficulties, and educational achievement during adolescence and early adulthood. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The Disorganizing Poverty Interview and age-appropriate versions of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children. RESULTS Frequent television viewing during adolescence was associated with elevated risk for subsequent attention and learning difficulties after family characteristics and prior cognitive difficulties were controlled. Youths who watched 1 or more hours of television per day at mean age 14 years were at elevated risk for poor homework completion, negative attitudes toward school, poor grades, and long-term academic failure. Youths who watched 3 or more hours of television per day were the most likely to experience these outcomes. In addition, youths who watched 3 or more hours of television per day were at elevated risk for subsequent attention problems and were the least likely to receive postsecondary education. There was little evidence of bidirectionality in the association of television viewing with attention and learning difficulties. CONCLUSION Frequent television viewing during adolescence may be associated with risk for development of attention problems, learning difficulties, and adverse long-term educational outcomes.
Portuguese Corpora at CLUL

The Corpus de Referencia do Portugues Contemporâneo (CRPC) is being developed in the Centro de Linguistica da Universidade de Lisboa (CLUL) since 1988 under a perspective of research data enlargement, in the sense of concepts and hypothesis verification by rejecting the sole use of intuitive data. The intention of creating this open corpus is to establish an on-line representative sample collection of general usage contemporary Portuguese: a main corpus of great dimension as well as several specialized corpora. The CRPC has nowadays around 92 million words. Following the use in this area, the CRPC project intends to establish a linguistic database accessible to everyone interested in making theoretical and practical studies or applications. The Dialectal oral corpus of the Atlas Linguistico-Etnografico de Portugal e da Galiza (ALEPG) is constituted by approximately 3500 hours of speech collected by the CLUL Dialectal Studies Research Group and recorded in analogic audio tape. This corpus contains mainly directed speech: answers to a linguistic questionnaire essentially lexical, but also focusing on some phonetic and morpho-phonological phenomena. An important part of spontaneous speech enables other kind of studies such as syntactic, morphological or phonetic ones. 1. Corpus de Referencia do Portugues Contemporâneo (CRPC) The CRPC at the Centro de Linguistica da Universidade de Lisboa is an electronically based linguistic corpus containing at the present 92 million words taken by sampling from several types of written speech (literary, newspaper, technical, scientific, didactic, economics, decisions of the supreme court of justice, parliament) and oral speech (formal and informal). These samplings pertain to nacional and regional varieties of Portuguese, representing European, Brazilian, African, Macau, and East-Timor Portuguese. We intend to collect spoken Portuguese samples from some communities in India. From a chronological point of view our corpus contains texts from the second half of the XIX century up until now, mostly after 1970. TOTAL DIMENSION 92 million words
A fully abstract semantics for concurrent graph reduction

This paper presents a fully abstract semantics for a variant of the untyped /spl lambda/-calculus with recursive [Bdeclarations. We first present a summary of existing work on full abstraction for the untyped /spl lambda/-calculus, concentrating on S. Abramsky (1989) and C.H. L. Ong (1988) work on the lazy /spl lambda/-calculus. Abramsky and Ong's work is based on leftmost outermost reduction without sharing. This is notably inefficient, and many implementations model share by reducing syntax graphs rather than syntax trees. Here we present a concurrent graph reduction algorithm for the /spl lambda/-calculus with recursive declarations, in a style similar to G. Berry and G. Boudol's chemical abstract machine. We adapt Abramsky and Ong's techniques, and present a program logic and denotational semantics for the /spl lambda/-calculus with recursive declarations, and show that the three semantics are equivalent. <<ETX>>
Emergency Department Detection of Adolescents With a History of Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol Problems

Objective: To compare the characteristics of adolescents with and without a history of problematic alcohol use, who are treated in the emergency department (ED) for an alcohol-related problem. Methods: Three hundred seventeen adolescents presenting to the ED after an alcohol-related incident were divided into 2 groups based on whether their score on the Adolescent Drinking Inventory reached the clinical cutoff on problematic drinking, and compared regarding current drinking, depression, and risk-taking behaviors. Results: Adolescents who reached the clinical cutoff on the Adolescent Drinking Inventory were older and reported more frequent drinking, greater depressed mood, and more risk-taking behaviors. Conclusions: Of the adolescents presenting to the ED with an alcohol-related incident, those with a positive history of problematic drinking represent a particularly high-risk subgroup.
A new time domain analysis of vertical dipole in the vicinity of a planar dielectric interface

The present paper deals with the transient fields transmitted and reflected through the interface between the air and ground. Excitation for the electromagnetic fields is produced by a vertically oriented impulsive electric dipole. The ground medium has arbitrary permittivity and permeability, but it is restricted to be lossless. Mathematical formulation of the problem is given for the magnetic vector potential, whose solution is derived in a new approach without using the frequency domain formulation. The main emphasis here is to derive simple expressions for transient vector potential and electromagnetic fields.
Sailing through the Late Pleistocene: unusual historical demography of an East Asian endemic, the Chinese Hwamei (Leucodioptron canorum canorum), during the last glacial period

Pleistocene climate fluctuations shaped the patterns of genetic diversity observed in extant species. In contrast to Europe and North America where the effects of recent glacial cycles on genetic diversity have been well studied, the genetic legacy of the Late Pleistocene for East Asia, a region of great topographical complexity and presumably milder historical climate, remains poorly understood. We analysed 3.86 kb of the mitochondrial genome of 186 Chinese Hwamei birds, Leucodioptron canorum canorum, and found that contrary to the conventional expectation of population decline during cold periods (stadials), the demographic history of this species shows continuous population growth since the penultimate glacial period (about 170 000 years ago). Refugia were identified in the south, coastal regions, and northern inland areas, implying that topographic complexity played a substantial role in providing suitable habitats for the Chinese Hwamei during cold periods. Intermittent gene flow between these refugia during the warmer periods (interstadials) might have resulted in a large effective population of this bird through the last glacial period.
Measurement of current distribution in multi-strand superconducting cables for AC use in both steady and transient states

We experimentally investigate current distribution in steady and transient states in multi-strand superconducting cables composed of strands without insulation for AC use. The current distributions are indirectly measured from the results of the self-field distribution observed by a group of pickup coils located around the cable. Several patterns of localized current distribution induced by heaters are measured using two different types of pickup coils. The current values are calculated from the measured voltage values of pickup coils. The obtained results from these calculations show that the transient changes of the current distributions can be successfully measured and explained. Further, we observe that the localized current distribution tends to be uniform with increasing frequency. On the basis of the obtained results characteristics of current distributions in the AC superconducting cable are discussed.
Nature of Tackles That Result in Injury in Professional Rugby League

A total of 31,655 tackles in 48 professional rugby league matches were coded from video for height and direction of tackle on the ball carrier. Injuries were recorded by team medical staff for injury date, time, site, type, mechanism, severity, and player position. Tackle-related injuries were most frequently the result of two tacklers being involved in tackling the ball carrier from the side at shoulder or midtorso body levels. The ball carrier had a higher injury rate when tackled from behind his visual field at shoulder height and in the fourth quarter of matches. Tacklers had a higher risk of injury when tackling from the side of the ball carrier, as the first tackler, and in the third quarter of matches. Coaches should focus on practicing correct technique during tackling with two or more tacklers and when tackling in the ball carrier's blind vision area.
Into the ultrasound deconvolution using CLEAN algorithm - statistical analysis of scatters detection

The quality of the reproduced tissues in the ultrasound medical imaging is reduced by the imperfections in tissues and the finite frequency bandwidth and pulse width of the ultrasound transducer. Constrained by these constructive limitations, for improvement of details in the final image, the post processing methods are usually applied. In this paper we present a two step 1D blind deconvolution method based on the well known time domain CLEAN algorithm. In the first step the Point Spread Function is estimated and secondly, we use this estimation to extract the reflectivity function of the tissues. The simulations was oriented to evaluate statistically the method according to the percentage of real detection of scatters, the number of false alarms - which represent the quantity of the artefacts in the final result and the means square error. Also, the algorithm is compared with the classical Tikhonov regularization in term of above presented criteria and mean square error (MSE) - a global estimator between reflectors position and their amplitude.
A network view of economic development

Does the type of product a country exports matter for subsequent economic performance? Going back to the 19 century economist David Ricardo, does it matter if Britain specializes in cloth and Portugal in wine for the subsequent development of either country? The fathers of development economics held that it does matter, suggesting that industrialization creates externalities that lead to accelerated growth (). Yet, lacking formal models, mainstream economic theory has not been able to make much of these ideas. Instead, current dominant theories use two approaches to explain the pattern of specialization of countries. The first approach focuses on the relationship between the relative proportions in which countries possess productive factors (i.e. physical capital, labor, land, skills or human capital, infrastructure, and institutions) and the proportions in which these factors are needed to produce different goods(). Hence, poor countries specialize in goods that are relatively intensive in labor and land, while richer countries specialize in goods that use more human and physical capital and demand better infrastructure and institutions. In these models the speed at which each factor (e.g. physical capital, skills, etc.) is accumulated ultimately determines the change in the type of product the country chooses to export. Underlying these models is the assumption that there always exists some combination of goods through which these factors can be expressed. Thus, controlling for initial factor endowments, the particular products a country produces carries no consequence for future economic performance. The second approach emphasizes technological differences () and therefore needs to be complemented with a theory of what may lie behind these differences and how they may evolve over time. The two dominant approaches – the varieties model of Romer () and the quality ladders of Aghion and Howitt () and Grossman and Helpman () – assume a continuum of products in some technological space. As a consequence, there is always a slightly more advanced product that countries can move to as they upgrade their technology. The world of products is therefore abstracted away and ignored when thinking about structural transformation and growth.
Effect of government recommendations on methadone prescribing in south east England: comparison of 1995 and 1997 surveys

On instruction from the Minister of Health, the Department of Health in England convened a task force on the effectiveness of treatment services for drug misusers, and widely distributed its recommendations in 1996.1 Methadone constituted 96% of all opiate prescriptions dispensed to drug misusers. 2 3 The task force specifically recommended that ( a ) methadone tablets should no longer be prescribed for the treatment of drug misuse; ( b ) daily dispensing should be used to prevent diversion of drugs; and ( c ) the optimal dosage for methadone maintenance treatment was probably between 50 mg and 100 g daily.1 Much of the drug problem of England and Wales is concentrated in London, 4 5 with 23% of all methadone prescriptions in the area being from the Thames regions.3 We report the extent to which changes in line with the three recommendations of the task …
A Survey on Automatic Test Case Generation

Software testing is important activity in Software Development Life Cycle. To cut down cost of manual testing and to increase reliability of it, researchers and practitioners have tried to automate it. One of the important activity in testing environment is automatic test case generation description of a test, independent of the way a given software system is designed. This paper presents a survey on automatic test case generation techniques that are found in the current literature. Problems in usage of certain techniques are identified. Areas that needed future research are presented. Keywords-UML, OMT, UMLTEST, DAS-BOOT, OCL, UMLSC, IOLTS, Heuristic algorithm, AETG
Fine-detail level of photorealistic images application in the multimedia system

In this paper we present a novel assessment method of fine-details level (FDL) of photorealistic images. The method is based on the search algorithm and recognitions of fine-details in the normalized color space. The novel image metric allows evaluating quantity of fine-detail fragments which are noticeable an eye. Results of an assessment of method stability to distortion factors are given and applications in the multimedia system are discussed.
Influence of Supervisory Behaviour and Job Stress on Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention of Police Personnel in Ekiti State

This study examined the influence that supervisory behaviour and job-induced stress might have on job satisfaction and turnover intention of police personnel in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Three hundred and fifty police personnel (200 males, & 150 females) drawn from the three senatorial districts of Ekiti State responded to Supervisory Behaviour Description Questionnaire (SBDQ), Job Related Tension Questionnaire (JRTQ), Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) and Turnover Intention Question (TIQ). Analysis of data with 2x2 ANOVA statistics revealed a significant effect of supervisory behaviour on job satisfaction (F (1/346) = 185.4, P . 0.5). In like manner there was no significant interaction effect of supervisory behaviour and job stress on turnover intention (F(1/346) = 3.37, P>. 0.5). Findings were discussed in light of literature on supervisory behaviour, job stress, job satisfaction turnover intention and the police.
Digital signature as a ‘blue ocean’?: An analysis of the application of its law in Internet banking

A correlation between the digital signature technology and its law is indubitable, considering that the adoption of the former has in turn, shaped the application of the latter in securing Internet banking transactions. Even though the law has been in existence for more than ten years, the lack of any of its provisions being tested in the Malaysian courts, along with continuous criticisms of the legislation in the literature, have suggested that the digital signature law is barely applied, particularly in the banking industry. Drawn from an ongoing doctoral research, the paper appraises the methodological process of a case-study conducted amongst the commercial banks offering Internet banking services. Also, the paper reveals that at the onset, the study found that this authentication technology was hardly being implemented by the banking industry, which beyond doubt, impinged on a trivial use of the digital signature law.