Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adsorption and electrosorption of ethyl xanthate and thiocyanate anions at high-area carbon-cloth electrodes studied by in situ UV spectroscopy : Development of procedures for wastewater purification

Adsorption and electrosorption behavior of ethyl xanthate (EtX-) and thiocyanate (SCN-) anions, individually and when they are together in a solution, were studied at high-area C-cloth electrodes by in situ UV spectroscopy in relation to development of methodologies for purification of industrial wastewaters. The employment of straightforward, yet demonstrably useful spectrophotometric techniques of kinetics and scanning kinetics is described. Adsorption isotherms of EtX- and SCN- were also derived. However, EtX- was found to decompose to a small extent during electrosorption on C-cloth and/or Au or Pt surfaces, causing some interference with the spectrophotometric analysis of SCN- at 215 nm. After long prior contact of the C-cloth with water, the adsorption rates of EtX- and SCN- are somewhat increased. Competitive adsorption studies show that SCN- ion does not become adsorbed on the C-cloth in the presence of EtX-, thus demonstrating a remarkable discriminatory effect.
The layer multiple-scattering method applied to phononic crystals

Abstract After a brief description of the layer multiple scattering method as applied to phononic crystals, we present some results obtained by this method, relating to: crystals of polystyrene spheres in water; crystals of silica spheres in air; and crystals of steel spheres in polyester. We relate the transmission characteristics of slabs of these ma terials to the complex band structure of the corresponding infinite crystals. We emphasize aspects of the underlying physics which have not been discussed previously.
HIGH PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD WITH DENSITOMETRY ANALYSIS FOR DETERMINATION OF RIVAROXABAN FROM ITS TABLET DOSAGE FORM

Objective: The main objective of current study was to develop and validate HPTLC, simple, precise, accurate and specific chromatographic method for the determination of Rivaroxaban from its tablet dosage form. Methods: The mention drug was spotted on silica gel F254 TLC plates under pure nitrogen stream by Linomat TLC spotter. Separation was carried out by using methanol, toluene, and triethanolamine as mobile phase in ratio of 7:2.5:0.5 v/v/v. Developed TLC plates were scanned by CAMAG TLC scanner and detection was carried out at 249 nm.
Influence of the Comonomer on the Dissociation of Some Alternating Maleic Acid Copolymers

Five alternating copolymers of maleic acid with N-vinylpyrrolidone, vinyl acetate, styrene, 2-vinylnaphthalene, and vinyl cyclohexane were used in order to study the influence of the comonomer on the polyelectrolyte behavior. The dissociation of the maleic acid copolymers was investigated by electrochemical methods in pure water and in the presence of supporting electrolytes. The conformational modifications during the dissociation were directly investigated by viscosimetry and fluorescence probing. The shape of the potentiometric and conductometric titration curves was influenced by the comonomer structure. In salt-free solution, only the first dissociation step was observed. The addition of univalent counterions permitted the evidencing of the second ionization step only for the copolymers with hydrophilic comonomers, but the addition of divalent counterions permitted the evidencing of the second ionization step for all five copolymers. The apparent dissociation constants increase with the increase of the comonomer hydrophobicity. A conformational transition was evidenced especially in the case of the maleic acid-2-vinylnaphthalene copolymer.
Sedimentation and Coalescence Profiles in Liquid‐Liquid Batch Settling Experiments

A simple mathematical method for predicting the phase separation profiles of a batch liquid-liquid dispersion is developed based on the empirical description of drops resting at a liquid-liquid plane interface. The inflexion time, at which the sedimentation zone vanishes, can be obtained by analysis of the coalescence profile. Therefore, the sedimentation profile can be predicted and the size of drop and interfacial area can be estimated. The experiments were carried out with an O/W-type dispersion of kerosene-water system in a 154 mm I.D. mixing vessel. The experimental results agree well with the model prediction. Other experimental data in the literature were also adopted for testing the model.
Spatial variations in nitrous oxide and nitric oxide emission potential on a slope of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) forest

Abstract To quantify the spatial variation and spatial structure of nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) emission from forest soils, we measured N2O and NO emission rates from surface soil cores taken at 1 m intervals on a cross-line transect (65 m × 20 m) on a slope of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) forest in a temperate region of central Japan and analyzed the spatial dependency of N oxide gas emissions using geostatistics. We divided N2O emission into N2O from denitrification and N2O from nitrification using the acetylene inhibition method. According to the geostatistical analysis, N2O emission rates on the slope had large spatial variation and weak spatial dependency. This weak spatial dependency was caused by the inordinately high N2O emissions on the slope, which were derived mainly from denitrification. In contrast, NO emission rate on the slope had large spatial variation, but strong spatial dependency and a distinct spatial distribution related to slope position, that is, high in the middle of the slope and low in the shoulder and the foot of the slope. The CN ratio and water-filled pore space were the dominant factors controlling NO emission rate on a slope. Our results suggest that spatial information about topographic factors helps to improve the estimation of both N2O emission and NO emission from forest soils.
Aima Hot Spring-A Window of the Earth’s Deep

History of the study on Arima Hot Spring is reviewed in this report. The analytical result of hot spring waters held in 1875 was the ﬁ rst scientiﬁ c report of this area. Arima Hot Spring is located in the center of Kinki area, where no active volcano is present. Boiling water containing high salinity (2 times high as that of seawater), dissolved iron and CO 2 is found in this area. Such high temperature saline water shows oxygen shift ( 18 O enrichment compared to 16 O) and has of characteristics hydrothermal solution to form epithermal ore deposit. Temperature of spring water rose in association with earthquakes occurred along Arima-Takatsuki Tectonic Line and its associated faults and in Nankai Trough, suggesting that active faults are ascending paths of deep Arima hot spring water. High 3 He/ 4 He ratio, similar to those of mantle derived gas, has been known in the Arima hot spring water. Recent progress of tomography documents the sprit of subducting Philippine Sea Plate along the remnant spreading ridge of Shikoku Basin beneath the Kinki district. Heat and volatile components such as helium would ascend along the split of the Philippine Sea Plate. A series of studies is revealing the importance of tectonics as a issuing mechanism of hydrothermal water of Arima Hot Spring.
Shift of Phase Transition Temperature in Strontium Titanate Thin Films

The results of structural and electrical characterizations of SrTiO3 thin films deposited onto MgO and LaAlO3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition technique are presented. The influence of substrate and annealing procedure on the crystalline structure and dielectric properties of these ferroelectric thin films are investigated. The obtained experimental data are analyzed in terms of the Landau theory taking into account the room-temperature lattice mismatch of the ferroelectric and substrates as well as the difference in their thermal expansion. It is shown that the behavior of the SrTiO3 thin films could not be attributed to the effect of the film/substrate mechanical coupling. As a possible nature of the observed behavior one can consider the non-stoichiometry of the film composition caused by the chemical contact of the film with the substrate and by the annealing.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of microparticle-embedded cryogel system in removal of 17β-estradiol from aqueous solution

AbstractIn this study, we have synthesized microparticle-embedded cryogel system for removal of 17β-estradiol (E2). Firstly, the poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacryloyl-L-tryptophan methyl ester) poly(HEMA-MATrp) microparticles were produced by emulsion polymerization. And then, poly(HEMA-MATrp) microparticles were embedded in poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) cryogel and [PHEMA/MATrp] cryogel system was prepared. [PHEMA/MATrp] cryogel system was used for the removal of E2. The characterization studies of the poly(HEMA-MATrp) microparticles and cryogel system were conducted by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and swelling studies. The effects of initial concentration, temperature, and contact time on adsorption of E2 were investigated. Maximum adsorption capacity of PHEMA/MATrp cryogel was determined as 2.75 mg E2/g cryogel at 25°C. The adsorption process obeyed both pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models. All the isotherm d.
Study of the Hydration Process of Calcium Phosphate Cement by AC Impedance Spectroscopy

AC impedance spectroscopy was used to study the hydration process and behavior of calcium phosphate cement. The results indicated that this method based on the theory of electrochemistry had certain advantages in the analysis of continuous microstructural changes of cement during the hydration process. The changes revealed by AC impedance at different hydration times were in agreement with the variation of compressive strength. In addition, the influences of conditions such as the ratio of powder to water, the concentration of solution, and crystal seeding on the microstructural changes could also be conveniently inspected using this method.
A Note on the Misuse of Area Images to Obtain Particle Size Information in Solid-Solid Systems

Abstract Multiphase solids (slag + matte, metals + inclusions) are frequently sectioned and the areas of the phases visible at the resulting surfaces are obtained using one of a number of microscopic techniques. Number concentrations of particles can be obtained unambiguously from these images. However, misinterpretation of these area distributions as particle size distributions for the dispersed phases arises frequently and in diverse contexts. When particles are binned coarsely and the particles are nearly spherical, the impact of such misinterpretations on mean particle size and interfacial area per unit volume and even relative dispersed phase volume fraction is shown to be small. In other cases the errors can be significant. In all cases, the number fraction of small particles is overstated. Thus, interfacial area per unit volume of dispersed phase tends to be overstated, the mean particle size and relative dispersed phase volume fraction underestimated. In this note, an analytical method for the deconvolution of area distributions for dispersed spherical particles is rehearsed and numerical results for randomly oriented axially-symmetric particles and analogues for disc-like and needle-like particles are presented which illustrate the significance of the impact of such misinterpretations. Other limitations on the interpretation of area distributions are also discussed.
Diffusion of single molecules through a Gaussian laser beam

The diffusion of a single molecule through a sharply focused laser beam has been observed. The diffusion was observed by recording photoelectron bursts of single molecules in transit through the laser beam with Gaussian intensity profile. Up to 20 photoelectrons were detected for Rhodamin 6G in a transit time of 40 . ts which corresponds to the diffusion time through a volume element of 2x10'61. From the intensity correlation the probability for the occurence of one molecule in the volume element of observation is determined. The existence of one molecule events is also verified by the measured and calculated photoelectron number distribution.
A New 1D Chained Coordination Polymer: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Antitumor Activity and Luminescent Property

A new 1D chained coordination polymer of Zn(II), {[Zn(L)2(4,4′-bipy)]·(H2O)}n(1) (HL = N-acetyl-l-phenylalanine; 4,4′-bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine) has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. Theresults show that each asymmetric unit of Zn(II) complex belongs to monoclinic, space group P21 with a = 11.421(2) A, b = 9.2213(17) A, c = 15.188(3) A,β = 106.112(3)°, V = 1536.7(5) A3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.444 g·cm−3, µ = 0.857 mm−1, F(000) = 696, and final R1 = 0.0439, ωR2 = 0.1013. The molecules form one-dimensional chained structure by its the bridging 4,4′-bipyridine ligands. The antitumor activities and luminescent properties of Zn(II) coordination polymer have also been investigated.
Comparative Study of Proton Conducting Ionic Liquid Doped Nafion Membranes Elaborated by Swelling and Casting Methods: Processing Conditions, Morphology, and Functional Properties

Trifluoromethanesulfonate of triethylammmonium (TFTEA) doped Nation-TEA membranes have been evaluated to understand the impact of different elaboration methods, i.e., swelling and casting, on their nanoscale morphology using SANS and resulting functional properties such as electrochemical, thermomechanical, and transport properties. The effect of transformation of acidic side chains of Nafion into ammonium side chains (Nation-TEA) was first compared for the Nafion-TEA membrane elaborated by casting with the one elaborated by modification of extruded commercial Nafion117 membrane. Concerning TFTEA doped membranes, their nanostructuration is very similar whatever the processing mode despite some key differences. The casting based membranes exhibit higher and/or more heterogeneous swelling of ionic domains of Nation-TEA by TFTEA and lower impact of TFTEA on the long-range crystalline order in Nation-TEA. Casting based membranes present better thermomechanical properties compared to swelling based membranes above 150 C and sustain a storage modulus of 1 MPa in the temperature range of 150-180 degrees C. With increasing TFTEA content as well as temperature, both types of membranes show an increase in the ionic conductivity of a similar order but no significant changes in hydrogen and oxygen-permeability coefficients. Both kinds of doped membranes exhibit similar sorption behavior (e.g., an increase in water uptake with increasing TFTEA content), though the results from GAB modeling suggest that morphology developed by casting is more favorable for the sorption of water molecules in middle range activity. Current density of 0.85 A/cm(2) at 0.6 V was obtained with a membrane containing 20% TFTEA.
Greek Economic Growth since 1960

We provide consistent annual data on Greek economic growth and its decomposition into the contributions of capital, labor and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) for the years 1960 to 2013. Alternatively, we decompose growth for a subset of that period into the contri- butions of TFP, and capital and labor services. Recent Greek economic history is a succes- sion of long periods of boom with long periods if stagnation or depression. The decisive fa- ctor of influence on economic growth during the last fifty-three years has been TFP. Contra- ry to wide spread belief that the credit boom in the eurozone periphery was used to finance unproductive sectors and investments, we show that TFP growth was very healthy before the cri- sis that started in 2008. Furthermore, the performance of TFP proves to have been the main culprit for the fourteen-year recession from 1980 to 1993 as well as for the current depre- ssion.
Transient Nonlinear Laser Heating and Deposition: A Comparison of Theory and Experiment

The deposition rate and deposit resolution in laser chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) and other laser induced chemical processes at surfaces are a function of a large number of variables including: the laser generated surface temperature profile, the local reactant concentration distribution, the substrate and deposited film characteristics and the reaction kinetics. Most laser generated temperature profile calculations to date nave assumed steady state behavior and/or neglected the nonlinear temperature dependent thermal properties of the substrate. In addition, most theoretical models neglect the changing surface reflectivity as the film is deposited. Equilibrium calculations, while useful for high thermal conductivity materials such as Si and metals, are inadequate for low thermal conductivity materials such as fused quartz where characteristic reaction times are considerably shorter than the time necessary to reach thermal equilibrium.
Immobilization-free direct electrochemical detection for DNA specific sequences based on electrochemically converted gold nanoparticles/graphene composite film

A direct electrochemical DNA sensor was constructed based on gold nanoparticles/graphene film. A precursor graphene film was fabricated on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using both electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGNO) and chemically reduced graphene oxide (CRGNO). The electrochemical approach was green and fast, and unlike chemical reduction, does not result in contamination of the reduced material, and at highly negative potential could reduce the oxygen functionalities (–OH, C–O–C and –COOH) of the graphene oxide more efficiently. ERGNO exhibited better electrochemical and electrocatalytic performances than CRGNO. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were electrodeposited on the ERGNO/GCE to amplify the electrochemical signals. The resulting AuNPs/ERGNO composite film was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The electrochemical responses of guanine (G), adenine (A), thymine (T) and cytosine (C) were investigated at AuNPs/ERGNO/GCE, which showed more favorable electron transfer kinetics than at ERGNO/GCE, demonstrating the significantly synergistic electrocatalytic effect of ERGNO and AuNPs. Synthetic sequence-specific DNA oligonucleotides was successfully detected and the established immobilization-free biosensor had the ability to discriminate single- or double-base mismatched DNA.
Effects of snail shell and iron filings on properties of green moulding sand

This paper presents the report of a research on the adaptation of green moulding sand. This was done by addition of iron filings and snail shell to standard silica sand. The objective is to evaluate the compatibility of iron filings and snail shell with green moulding sand in order to know their usability with green moulding sand. Twenty-five sand samples were prepared with different Fe and snail shell contents ranging from 1 wt% to 5 wt%. A control sand sample which had no iron and snail shell content was also prepared. The properties of the sand samples were tested. The results show that addition of Fe filing does not have any adverse effects on the properties of green moulding sand; however, the snail shell content show some effects on some of the properties of the moulding sand.
Characterization of oriented low‐density polyethylene samples by differential scanning calorimetry

The melting behavior of samples of oriented low-density polyethylene is examined as a function of annealing temperature and time, subsequent heat treatment, and irradiation dose. Three types of endotherm are identified which are attributed to primary melting of the lamellae, to melting of the products of reorganization during the scan, and to melting of material crystallized during cooling from the original annealing temperature. Irradiation was found to suppress the refolding which normally occurs when a sample is heated above its annealing temperature, but also produces an increase in melting point. The behavior of similar samples prepared from high-density polyethylene is briefly considered. (auth)
Shock compression of liquid carbon monoxide and methane to 90 GPa (900 kbar)

Dynamic equation‐of‐state data for liquid CO and CH4 were measured in the shock pressure range 5–92 GPa (50–920 kbar) using a two‐stage light‐gas gun. The liquids were shocked from initial states near their saturation curves at 77 and 111 K for CO and CH4, respectively. The experimental technique used to double‐shock CH4 is described. The CO data were examined by using three theoretical models: (1) a chemically nonreactive model, (2) a quasi‐chemical‐equilibrium model that allows CO to dissociate into gaseous species and graphite, and (3) a chemical‐equilibrium model that also includes a dense carbon phase which exists at higher pressures and temperatures than graphite. This dense phase is assumed to be diamond. Our analysis shows that at low pressure chemical equilibrium takes much longer than a typical shock passage time. As a consequence, the experimental data initially follow the nonreactive Hugoniot to pressures well beyond the chemical dissociation limit. Both the experimental data and the Hugoniot computed with case (3) agree satisfactorily at high pressure. Further consequences of these observations to high‐explosive studies are discussed. The theoretical analysis for the CH4 data was presented in an earlier paper.
Community assembly and potential for indirect effects of hummingbird-pollinated plants in the Atlantic Forest = Estruturação de comunidades e potencial para efeitos indiretos de plantas polinizadas por beija-flores na Floresta Atlântica

Plant-pollinator interactions influence the assembly of plant communities. Plant species sharing pollinators engage on competitive or facilitative interactions for pollination, impacting plant populations and consequently, their occurrences in communities. However, there are few studies investigating how pollination influence community assembly and by which mechanisms plants have indirect effects when sharing pollinators. Here, we focused on hummingbird-pollinated plant communities of the Atlantic forest as study model. Using a phylogenetic and functional approach, we investigate how evolutionary relatedness, floral traits and abundances determine the spatial and temporal community assembly (Chapter 1) and pollinator-sharing among plant species (Chapter 2). We found random phylogenetic structure and clustered functional and temporal structure, indicating that trait-based processes increase in importance at the spatial scale evaluated. Plants with similar floral traits and abundant species have higher potential for indirect effects by sharing more hummingbird pollinators. The first result reinforces phenotypic match as a structuring mechanism of planthummingbird interactions, while the latter shows that abundance increases in importance when evaluating the indirect effects among plants in communities. In general, patterns in community ecology are contingent to the evolutionary history and traits of the species. Here we found that hummingbird-pollinated plant communities can exhibit a floral trait structure, possibly caused by indirect interactions between plants sharing pollinators. Moreover, these community structure can also lead to a higher potential for indirect effects between these plants.
EFFECTS OF PRETREATMENTS ON CALCIUM ACCUMULATION ONTO GAC

The effect of coagulation and ozonation as pretreatments for granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration on calcium accumulation onto GAC was studied. Three kinds of FA solutions extracted from commercial leaf mold for horticulture were used: FA itself, FA after coagulation (FA-c) and FA after ozonation (FA-oz). Coagulation used as pretreatment before GAC filtration significantly decreased calcium accumulation onto GAC while ozonation caused a small increase on calcium accumulation onto GAC. Acidic functional groups into GAC introduced by adsorption of fulvic acid controlled accumulation of calcium onto GAC. Significant decrease of calcium accumulation onto GAC by coagulation was caused by the removal of the fraction with acidic functional groups from FA.