Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neutralization sensitivity of cell culture-passaged simian immunodeficiency virus

CEMx174- and C8166-45-based cell lines which contain a secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter gene under the control of a tat-responsive promoter derived from either SIVmac239 or HIV-1(NL4-3) were constructed. Basal levels of SEAP activity from these cell lines were low but were greatly stimulated upon transfection of tat expression plasmids. Infection of these cell lines with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) or human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) resulted in a dramatic increase in SEAP production within 48 to 72 h that directly correlated with the amount of infecting virus. When combined with chemiluminescent measurement of SEAP activity in the cell-free supernatant, these cells formed the basis of a rapid, sensitive, and quantitative assay for SIV and HIV infectivity and neutralization. Eight of eight primary isolates of HIV-1 that were tested induced readily measurable SEAP activity in this system. While serum neutralization of cloned SIVmac239 was difficult to detect with other assays, neutralization of SIVmac239 was readily detected at low titers with this new assay system. The neutralization sensitivities of two stocks of SIVmac251 with different cell culture passage histories were tested by using sera from SIV-infected monkeys. The primary stock of SIVmac251 had been passaged only twice through primary cultures of rhesus monkey peripheral blood mononuclear cells, while the laboratory-adapted stock had been extensively passaged through the MT4 immortalized T-cell line. The primary stock of SIVmac251 was much more resistant to neutralization by a battery of polyclonal sera from SIV-infected monkeys than was the laboratory-adapted virus. Thus, SIVmac appears to be similar to HIV-1 in that extensive laboratory passage through T-cell lines resulted in a virus that is much more sensitive to serum neutralization.
Male Germ Unit Isolation from Three Tricellular Pollen Species: Brassica oleracea, Zea mays, and Triticum aestivum.

A technical procedure is described to follow the in vitro release of the ;male germ unit' and the sperm cells from three tricellular pollen species (Brassica, Zea, and Triticum). The condition of the sperm cell was controlled using light microscopy. In addition, for the first time, the sperm cells viability has been checked by the fluorochromatic reaction test. These preliminary results indicate that this procedure appears to be a prerequisite for the successful preparation of purified viable sperm cells.
AERATION REQUIREMENTS FOR THE GROWTH OF AEROBIC MICROORGANISMS

When yeasts are grown for the production of cells, the dry cell yields obtained are approximately 45 per cent of the substrate utilized, corresponding to cell concentrations on a dry weight basis of 10 to 44 mg per ml (Harris et al., 1948; Feustel and Humfeld, 1946; Maxon and Johnson, 1953). The cell yields obtained with bacteria are lower than those obtained with yeasts. Bacterial populations as high as 57 billion and 84 billion per ml have been reported (Gerhardt and Gee, 1946; Gee and Gerhardt, 1946; Gerhardt, 1946; McCullough et al., 1947). Although the cell concentrations were not reported, the dry cell weight corresponding to these live counts should be approximately 10 mg per ml. It should be possible, by application of the principles employed for growing yeasts, to obtain the same yields of cells when growing aerobic bacteria. The experiments reported here are concerned with the effect of aeration efficiency on the final dry cell yield and live cell count of bacteria. The organism chosen for this study, Serratia marcescens, is highly aerobic, easily cultured on a synthetic medium, readily counted when spread on the surface of an agar plate, and free from large amounts of slime and capsule. It was found that the yield of cells obtained on the synthetic medium in liquid culture varied directly with the aeration efficiency, the highest yield based on substrate utilized being approximately 38 per cent. The highest cell concentration on a dry weight basis obtained in this work is 29 mg per ml, corresponding to a live cell count of 20.1 X 1010 per ml. The effective aeration necessary to support such high populations of Serratia was much higher than that commonly employed in the laboratory for the aerobic growth of microorganisms.
Extraction Kinetics and Molecular Size Fractionation of Humic Substances From Two Brazilian Soils

In the present study, the extraction behaviour of humic substances (HS) from an Oxisol and a Mollisol from South Brazil, by using 0.1 and 0.5 mol L -1 NaOH and 0.15 mol L -1 neutral pyrophosphate solutions, respectively, was systematically studied. The kinetics and eff iciency of HS extraction were evaluated by means of UV/Vis spectroscopy. The isolated humic acids (HA) and fulvic acids (FA) were size-classified by multistage ultrafiltration (six fractions) in the molecular weight range of 1 to 100 kDa. The obtained data show that the HS extraction yield depended not only on the extractant, but also on the soil type. Within 3 h approximately 90% of the soluble HS could be extracted following complex extraction kinetics by both methods and none or littl e structural modification was verified as observed from their stable extinction ratio E 350/E550. In the Mollisol the pyrophosphate extraction was more effective, suggesting that a great part of HS occurred as macromolecules bonded to clay minerals and aggregated between themselves throu gh cationic bridges. In the Oxisol a higher HS yield was verified with the alkaline method, presu mably due to HS fixation onto the oxide surface by H-bonds and/or surface complexation reactions. In general, HS extracted by the pyrophosphate procedure showed higher molecular weights than t hose extracted by NaOH.
Clinical features at diagnosis in 430 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia seen at a referral centre over a 16‐year period

To determine major presenting features of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) in current practice, we have reviewed the records of 430 patients with CML referred to the Hammersmith Hospital for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation since 1981. Approximately 20% of cases were diagnosed incidentally. Symptoms such as fatigue and weight loss were associated with greater degrees of leucocytosis and splenomegaly and lower haemoglobin levels. Most bleeding patients had normal or elevated platelet counts, suggesting that platelet dysfunction was the primary cause of haemorrhage. Although thrombocytosis was common, thrombosis was not seen. Male patients and the relatively young presented with higher WBC counts and larger spleens. The reason that these groups were diagnosed with more advanced leukaemia is not clear. Although retrospective and limited to a select group of relatively young patients, this is the largest series to be reported on CML at diagnosis, and the first such report in modern clinical practice.
Acceleration Profiles in Elite Australian Soccer

We would like to thank Dr. Wilkinson and Mr. Akenhead for their feedback [ 4 ] regarding our recent study describing the activity profi les of elite Australian soccer players [ 3 ] . Their comments on accounting for repeated measures (multiple matches) for each player by using a linear-mixed model and covarying for player are correct and we wish to clarify our reasoning for the statistical approach used in our study. We acknowledge that the suggested approach of mixed method modelling, covarying for player would eliminate one source of bias within the data. However, this approach assumes that each player’s activity is most dependent on the player themselves. In team sport a player’s activity is inherently associated with their direct opponent’s activity. Whilst obviously the player is an important variable to consider in an analysis, we suggest that the activity of a player is infl uenced by the tactics of their team, the opposition team and most importantly their direct opponent. Thus the activity profi le of a given individual will vary greatly from match-to-match. For example in our study, match-to-match variation in accelerations on average for each player ranged from 38 to 84 for midfi elders, 46 to 74 for central defenders and 47 to 71 for forwards. Further investigation of the data also reveals that high performing players one week did not necessarily perform better than their team-mates in following weeks (in essence their ranking in the team was also variable). It is with this reasoning that we favour the approach of considering each player as an independent case. This method allowed us to consider all data and make comparisons to other research in the fi eld where this method is commonly used [ 1 , 2 ] . We acknowledge that this is not a perfect method and would advocate that future research may need to consider not only the player, but also their opposing player. Clearly in elite team sport research, where we are using data with a potential to provide an advantage to opposing teams it will be diffi cult to have multiple clubs share data over the course of a season to achieve consistent player pairings. This issue of covariance according to the player is certainly something worth noting, but by considering positional diff erences and retaining the majority of data collected we feel our results are still valuable to the sport science community.
Fighting Spyware and Adware in the Enterprise

Abstract While obvious security threats like fast-spreading worms have a tendency to garner news headlines, other stealthy security risks threaten businesses every day. Increasing amounts of spyware and adware programs have the ability to facilitate the disclosure of business information and risk privacy, confidentiality, integrity, and system availability. Corporations usually accumulate a vault of information that could cause serious problems if it were shared with the wrong contacts or, even worse, taken. Spyware's evolution from simple cookies to a range of sophisticated usertracking systems has left many businesses without the control over their proprietary data and operations.
Quality of life in social phobia

The person's perception of his or her quality of life has been neglected in studies of mental health in general and anxiety disorders in particular. However, the judgement of the impact of a mental disorder based on symptomatic distress while ignoring one's overall quality of life is incomplete. In the present study, we examined social phobic patients' judgments of their satisfaction with various domains of life they deem important using the Quality of Life Inventory (QOLI; Frisch, unpublished). Social phobics judged their overall quality of life lower than Frisch's (unpublished) normative sample. Quality of life was inversely associated with various measures of severity of social phobia (especially social interaction anxiety), functional impairment, and depression. It was not, however, related to performance anxiety or trait anxiety. Quality of life also varied across combinations of subtype of social phobia and the presence/absence of avoidant personality disorder, and as a function of marital status. Patients showed significant improvement in quality of life scores after completion of cognitive‐behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Depression and Anxiety 4:126–133, 1996/1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Flt3- and Ras-Dependent Pathway Primes B Cell Development by Inducing a State of IL-7 Responsiveness

Ras plays an important role in B cell development. However, the stage at which Ras governs B cell development remains unclear. Moreover, the upstream receptors and downstream effectors of Ras that govern B cell differentiation remain undefined. Using mice that express a dominant-negative form of Ras, we demonstrate that Ras-mediated signaling plays a critical role in the development of common lymphoid progenitors. This developmental block parallels that found in flt3−/− mice, suggesting that Flt3 is an important upstream activator of Ras in early B cell progenitors. Ras inhibition impaired proliferation of common lymphoid progenitors and pre–pro-B cells but not pro-B cells. Rather, Ras promotes STAT5-dependent pro-B cell differentiation by enhancing IL-7Rα levels and suppressing socs2 and socs3 expression. Our results suggest a model in which Flt3/Ras-dependent signals play a critical role in B cell development by priming early B cell progenitors for subsequent STAT5-dependent B cell differentiation.
Is it worth emergency departments recording information about alcohol‐related assault occurring in inner‐city, late‐night entertainment precincts?

[Extract] A significant proportion of presentations to hospital EDs in Australia are caused by alcohol-related assaults in inner-city, late night entertainment precincts, with significantly more during weekend peak periods. To reduce this kind of violence, both the Queensland Parliamentary Inquiry into Alcohol Related Violence (2010) and the National Preventive Health Strategy (2009) urge more comprehensive data collection to document numbers and types of incidents with both looking to EDs to provide these data. In a pilot study in Cairns, Far North Queensland, we attempted to document all incidents of alcohol-related assault in the inner-city during April, May and June (2010) to inform Cairns agencies implementing community-based and regulatory interventions.
Diagnosis of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes in a Chinese family by PCR/restriction enzyme analysis

The clinical presentation and the biochemical and molecular genetic findings are described in a 13 year old Chinese boy with MELAS (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes). The diagnosis was initially suspected because of the characteristic clinical features and the strong family history of convulsions. Using polymerase chain reaction—restriction enzyme analysis, the heteroplasmic nt3243 A→G mutation in mtDNA of peripheral blood leucocytes and a muscle sample was demonstrated. The oligosymptomatic relatives were then screened by this method and the degree of heteroplasmy was analysed. This appears to be the first report of a MELAS family in Hong Kong with this described mutation. Molecular genetic techniques are advantageous in the diagnosis of MELAS.
The Autotetraploid Fish Derived from Hybridization of Carassius auratus red var. (Female) × Megalobrama amblycephala (Male)1

ABSTRACT The establishment of the tetraploid organism is difficult but useful in genetics and breeding. In the present study, we have artificially established an autotetraploid fish line (F2–F8) derived from the distant hybridization of Carassius auratus red var. (RR, 2n = 100) (female) × Megalobrama amblycephala (BB, 2n = 48) (male). The autotetraploid line (F2–F8) possess four sets of chromosomes from red crucian carp (RRRR, 4n = 200) and produce diploid ova and diploid sperm, which maintains the formation of the autotetraploid line. The F2 of the autotetraploid fish result from the fertilization of the autodiploidy diploid eggs and diploid sperm from the females and males of F1 hybrids (RRBB, 4n = 148), which exhibit abnormal chromosome behavior during meiosis as revealed by gynogenesis and backcrossing. This is the first report concerning the establishment of an autotetraploid fish line derived from distant hybridization. The autotetraploid fish line provides an important gamete source for the production of triploids and tetraploids. The autotetraploid fish line also provides an ideal system to investigate the poorly understood mechanisms that drive diploidization in autotetraploids and to study the hybrid progenies' characteristics, including the appearance of new traits that promote a diversity of traits and facilitate adaptation.
Regulation of Linear Ubiquitin Chain Assembly Complex by Caspase-Mediated Cleavage of RNF31

ABSTRACT Cell death and survival signaling pathways have opposed but fundamental functions for various cellular processes and maintain cell homeostasis through cross talk. Here we report a novel mechanism of interaction between these two pathways through the cleavage of RNF31 by caspases. RNF31, a component of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), regulates cell survival by inducing linear ubiquitination of NF-κB signaling components. We found that RNF31 is cleaved under apoptosis conditions through various stimulations. The effector caspases caspase 3 and caspase 6 are responsible for this event, and aspartates 348, 387, and 390 were identified as target sites for this cleavage. Cleavage of RNF31 suppressed its ability to activate NF-κB signaling; thus, mutation of cleavage sites inhibited the induction of apoptosis by treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Our findings elucidate a novel regulatory loop between cell death and the survival signal and may provide guidance for the development of therapeutic strategies for cancers through the sensitization of tumor cells to death-inducing drugs.
Collection and Identification of Allelopathic Compounds from the Undisturbed Root System of Bigalta Limpograss (Hemarthria altissima).

Collection of allelopathic chemicals from the undisturbed plant root system is difficult because of their low concentrations and the high level of contaminants in growth media such as soil. A new approach for the continuous trapping of quantities of extracellular chemicals from donor plants is described. Bigalta limpograss (Hemarthria altissima), a tropical forage with allelopathic activities, was established in sand culture. Nutrient solution was circulated continuously through the root system and a column containing XAD-4 resin. Extracellular hydrophobic metabolites were selectively adsorbed by the resin, while inorganic nutrients were recycled to sustain plant growth. Columns were eluted with methanol and the eluate separated into neutral, acidic, and basic fractions. Bioassays of trapped root exudates using lettuce seed combined with paper and thin layer chromatography showed that the inhibitors were mainly phenolic compounds. The active neutral fraction was methylated and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Twelve compounds were identified, with two additional compounds tentatively identified. 3-Hydroxyhydrocinnamic, benzoic, phenylacetic, and hydrocinnamic acids were the major rhizospheric compounds with known growth regulatory activities.Inasmuch as the root system was undisturbed and the recovery of exudates was highly efficient compared to conventional solvent extraction methods, this trapping system should be useful for a wide range of studies that relate to the chemistry of the rhizosphere.
Space Collapse: Reinforcing, Reconfiguring and Enhancing Chinese Social Practices through WeChat

WeChat (a.k.a., WeiXin) is a popular mobile instant messenger (MIM) with various social features and has most of its users in China. Whereas recent scholarship suggests that MIMs could support users to “dwell” together with close friends and family members and to have “fleeting” encounters with strangers, little else is known about WeChat use. In this paper, we present findings from a qualitative investigation of WeChat use and its impact on Chinese social practices. Drawing from 36 interviews conducted between 2013 and 2015, we provide a contextualized account of how WeChat use reinforces, reconfigures, and enhances existing Chinese social practices. We propose a new theoretical concept, space collapse - that denotes the emergence of a fourth space where public, private and parochial social spaces are collapsed together in a socio-technical system. We discuss how these results deepen our understanding of MIMs.
An Examination of Interactions Between Hospice Health Care Providers and Adolescents With a Parent in Hospice

Interviews conducted with adolescents living with a dying parent were examined to identify the type of interactions the adolescents had with members of a hospice health care team. Four types of interactions were identified: no interactions, in-passing interactions, engaged interactions, and formal interactions. Results indicated that most of the adolescents had no contact with the hospice health care team or interacted with providers only briefly. Some adolescents reported more engagement with 1 or more hospice health care team members, and a few received formal counseling services from the hospice health care team or outside provider. Overall, limited contact occurred because of logistics or because the teens perceived that hospice services were exclusively targeted to dying patients, not their families. Based on these findings, strategies to increase engagement between adolescents and hospice health care team are discussed.
Industrial Cu-Ni alloys for HTS coated conductor tape

Copper rich Cu-Ni alloys have been textured with the RABiTS method in order to get non-magnetic and cost efficient substrates for coated conductor wires. The study is focused on two industrial compositions: Cu55Ni45 (Constantan) and Cu70Ni30. Studies on surface roughness have been done. The effects of annealing conditions (temperature and atmosphere) on the grain boundaries deepness were analyzed. Electrolytic polishing was also applied to improve the surface quality. RX pole figures and micro hardness measurements have been achieved on samples annealed up to 950°C. Attention has been paid to the rolling texture and to the annealing processes. The rolling texture has been found to be mainly copper-type (C, S and B contributions). Beginning of recrystallization occurred between 400°C and 600°C and stabilized between 900°C to 950°C, depending on the nickel content of the alloy. Finally both samples, rolled and annealed under the appropriate conditions, have been characterized. Pole figure measurements gave the global in plane and out of plane disorientations of our samples which are in-plane 7.4° and out-plane (RD) 4.3° for both samples. EBSD maps have shown the details of the distribution and have allowed us to quantify the ratio between cubic {100}<001> and twined {122}<21-2> orientations.
An Integrated, Multi-Disciplinary Approach Utilizing Stratigraphy, Petrophysics, and Geophysics to Predict Reservoir Properties of Tight Unconventional Sandstones in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA

Numerous unconventional resources have become economically viable with the development of horizontal drilling and multi-stage hydraulic fracturing. Unconventional reservoirs have variable degrees of heterogeneity and identification of good and poor reservoir properties is essential for efficient development to define the economic limits of a resource play. An integrated, multi-disciplinary approach of correlating core facies to petrophysical wireline facies to seismic facies for tight unconventional sandstones is presented in this paper along with the results of a simultaneous, geostatistical seismic inversion. Seismic facies and reservoir rock properties, which are calibrated to wireline logs and core data, are mapped from 3D seismic inversion volumes. The maps provide a detailed understanding of the characteristics of the reservoirs, namely their spatial distribution, geometry, and internal architecture. This methodology demonstrates the tremendous value of incorporating stratigraphic, petrophysical, and geophysical data into a quantitative, integrated reservoir model.
Stability and Interpersonal Agreement of the Interview-Based Diagnosis of Autism

Interpersonal agreement and stability of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) was examined in this study. Four raters judging 55 subjects agreed moderately to excellently on the items of the diagnostic algorithm, operationalizing the main autistic symptoms according to the classification guidelines of ICD-10 and DSM-IV. When retesting 33 individuals, some items revealed only weak stability. On the level of domains of autistic behavior and diagnosis, the interrater reliability and retest reliability were consistently convincing.