Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of GLUT 1 and GLUT 4 Glucose Transporters Expressed in Xenopus Oocytes *

The predominant mechanism by which insulin activates glucose transport in muscle and adipose tissue is by affecting the redistribution f the facilitated hexose carriers, GLUTl and GLUT4, from an intracellular site to the plasma membrane. A quantitative analysis of this process has been hampered by the lack of reliable determinations for kinetic constants catalyzed by each of these isoforms. In order to obtain such information, each transporter was expressed in Xenopus oocytes by the injection of mRNA encoding rat GLUTl or GLUT4. Equilibrium exchange 3-0-methylglucose uptake was measured and the data fitted to a twocompartment model, yielding K,,, = 26.2 mM and V,,, = 3.5 nmol/min/cell for GLUTl and K,,, = 4.3 mM and Vmpr = 0.7 nmol/min/cell for GLUT4. Measurement of the abundance of cell surface transporters was accomplished by two independent protocols: photolabeling with the impermeant hexose analog 2-N-4-(1-azi2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzoyl-1,3-bis(~-mannos-4yloxy)-2-propylamine and subcellular fractionation of oocytes. Data obtained by either technique revealed that the ratio f plasma membrane GLUTl to GLUT4 was about 4; this paralleled the relative maximal velocities for hexose transport, indicating that the turnover numbers for the two isoforms were the same. Moreover, measurement of the concentration of exofacially disposed transporters with 2-N-4-(1-azi2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzoyl-lY3-bis(~-mannos-4yloxy)-2-propylamine allowed calculation of the turnover number to be about 20,000 min”. These data indicate that, at low substrate concentrations, the catalytic efficiency of GLUT4 is significantly greater than GLUT1. Extrapolation to mammalian systems suggests that GLUT4 is responsible for virtually all of the hexose uptake in insulin-responsive targets, particularly in the presence of hormone.
for Large Credit Portfolios with Potentially High Correlations

In this paper we develop efficient Monte Carlo methods for large credit portfolios. We assume the default indicators admit a Gaussian copula. Therefore, we are able to embed the default correlations into a continuous Gaussian random field, which is capable of incorporating an infinite size portfolio and potentially highly correlated defaults. We are particularly interested in estimating the expectations, such as the expected number of defaults given that there is at least one default and the expected loss given at least one default. All these quantities turn out to be closely related to the geometric structure of the random field. We will heavily employ random field techniques to construct importance sampling based estimators and provide rigorous efficiency analysis.
Text Input Methods for Indian Languages

With the rapid spread of Indian language content on the web, user input oriented applications in Indian languages are also becoming popular. There is an increasing need for efficient and user friendly input interfaces to type in Indian languages. However, despite the obvious need and significance, text input has not been studied and researched so far, in the context of Indian languages. In this thesis, we study the problem of text input for Indian languages, by taking Telugu as the test case. Owing to the similarity among Indian languages, the results of this work can be applied with necessary changes, to other Indian languages as well. We have first classified data input systems in to four categories keyboard layouts, input method editors, prediction systems and soft keyboards. In the first category, we have designed some keyboard layouts for Telugu, based on a set of design principles formed after a study of the relevant literature. We have then evaluated them based on the set of evaluation measures and concluded that our designs work better than the existing solutions, thereby providing efficient alternatives to the present day Telugu keyboard. In the context of input method editors, we have studied the different mappings available to convert between Indian languages and Roman script, and compared them with our new mapping, in an attempt to find out a mapping closest to human intuition. We have concluded that though there is no significant difference in performance with different mappings, Rice Transliteration Scheme has a better ease of remembrance compared to other mappings. We have studied the problem of text prediction for Indian language input and proceeded towards developing transliteration based prediction approach to text input in Telugu. We have proved that a simple approach like edit-distance based text prediction works very well as a text input method and offers a light weight and efficient system. Finally, we have worked on the design and evaluation of soft keyboards for Telugu. Our designs worked better than the existing soft keyboards for Telugu. Thus, we have successfully proposed efficient text input methods for Telugu which can be good alternatives to existing input methods.
Enriched nutrient diet shortens the developmental time -A transgenerational effect in Drosophila sulfurigaster sulfurigaster.

Developmental time has a great relevance to fitness in all organisms. We set out to investigate the effect of parental larval diet on offspring development time, with relatively low amounts of sugar as a carbohydrate source and different concentrations of protein to assess the role of macronutrient balance on developmental time in Drosophila sulfurigaster sulfurigaster species. In the current study, the influence of larval diet experienced during just one generation extends into the next generation. Offspring reared on high protein and relative sugar concentration underwent metamorphosis significantly faster compared to the offspring of adults from low protein diet relative to sugar diets. A transgenerational effect of parental diet on offspring was found. Developmental time recorded was shortest in the case of offspring when compared to parents fed with high protein diet.
AN ATYPICAL OUTBREAK OF FOODBORNE BOTULISM DUE TO 1 TYPES B AND E FROM HAM 2 3

18 An outbreak of human botulism was due to consumption of ham containing botulinum 19 neurotoxins B and E. Clostridium botulinum type E strain isolated from ham was assigned to 20 a new subtype (E12) based on bont/E gene sequencing and belongs to a new multi locus 21 sequence subtype as analyzed by whole genome sequencing. 22
Nutrient uptake in tropical turfgrasses growing in winter in southern Queensland

The effects of fertilisers on 8 tropical turfgrasses growing in 100-L bags of sand were studied over winter in Murrumba Downs, just north of Brisbane in southern Queensland (latitude 27.4°S, longitude 153.1°E). The species used were: Axonopus compressus (broad-leaf carpetgrass), Cynodon dactylon (bermudagrass 'Winter Green') and C. dactylon x C. transvaalensis hybrid ('Tifgreen'), Digitaria didactyla (Queensland blue couch), Paspalum notatum (bahiagrass '38824'), Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalograss 'Palmetto'), Eremochloa ophiuroides (centipedegrass 'Centec') and Zoysia japonica (zoysiagrass 'ZT-11'). Control plots were fertilised with complete fertilisers every month from May to September (72 kg N/ha, 31 kg P/ha, 84 kg K/ha, 48 kg S/ha, 30 kg Ca/ha and 7.2 kg Mg/ha), and unfertilised plots received no fertiliser. Carpetgrass and standard bermudagrass were the most sensitive species to nutrient supply, with lower shoot dry weights in the unfertilised plots (shoots mowed to thatch level) compared with the fertilised plots in June. There were lower shoot dry weights in the unfertilised plots in July for all species, except for buffalograss, centipedegrass and zoysiagrass, and lower shoot dry weights in the unfertilised plots in August for all species, except for centipedegrass. At the end of the experiment in September, unfertilised plots were 11% of the shoot dry weights of fertilised plots, with all species affected. Mean shoot nitrogen concentrations fell from 3.2 to 1.7% in the unfertilised plots from May to August, below the sufficiency range for turfgrasses (2.8-3.5%). There were also declines in P (0.45-0.36%), K (2.4-1.5%), S (0.35-0.25%), Mg (0.24-0.18%) and B (9-6 mg/kg), which were all in the sufficiency range. The shoots in the control plots took up the following levels (kg/ha.month) of nutrients: N, 10.0-27.0; P, 1.6-4.0; K, 8.2-19.8; S, 1.0-4.2; Ca, 1.1-3.3; and Mg, 0.8-2.2, compared with applications (kg/ha.month) of: N, 72; P, 31; K, 84; S, 48; Ca, 30; and Mg, 7.2, indicating a recovery of 14-38% for N, 5-13% for P, 10-24% for K, 2-9% for S, 4-11% for Ca and 11-30% for Mg. These results suggest that buffalograss, centipedegrass and zoysiagrass are less sensitive to low nutrient supply than carpetgrass, bermudagrass, blue couch and bahiagrass. Data on nutrient uptake showed that the less sensitive species required only half or less of the nitrogen required to maintain the growth of the other grasses, indicating potential savings for turf managers in fertiliser costs and the environment in terms of nutrients entering waterways.
Perspectives in Diabetes Preventing Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes

Many risk factors for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), such as obesity, physical inactivity, and high-fat diet, can potentially be modified. Furthermore, some of the metabolic abnormalities, such as insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance, that predict diabetes can be improved by behavior modification and drug treatment. Thus, at least to some extent, NIDDM may be preventable. Several small clinical trials have addressed the hypothesis that NIDDM can be prevented by dietary modification, physical activity, or drug treatment. Some studies suggest a preventive effect, but the conclusions are limited by considerations of sample size, randomization, or intensity of the interventions. Consequently, the hypothesis that NIDDM is preventable requires further testing. Diabetes 44:483-488, 1995 mental causes of NIDDM differs between people. Nevertheless, in all populations and ethnic groups, most patients with NIDDM have similar characteristics, including both insulin resistance and f}-cell dysfunction, which appear to be the basic metabolic abnormalities leading to the disease (9-12). Thus, interventions aimed at reducing insulin resistance and preserving (3-cell function could be anticipated to be beneficial in delaying most cases of NIDDM, although such measures might be ineffective in preventing the minority of cases of NIDDM involving an autoimmune process that leads to severe loss of pancreatic (B-cells and to insulin deficiency (13). Individuals with genetic defects, such as mutations in the glucokinase gene (14,15), that lead to a relatively mild form of NIDDM may, however, benefit from these interventions.
Pregnancy Outcome : A proposed role for daily vitamin D supplementation to improve outcome 1

Objectives: To estimate serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) levels in newly pregnant women and to evaluate its relation to development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and maternal and fetal outcome. Patients & Methods: The study included 328 pregnant women, and at 6 week gestational age (GA), women's clinical and obstetric data were collected and blood samples were obtained for estimation of baseline blood glucose (BG) and serum 25OHD levels. Studied women were divided into two equal groups: Group A included pregnant women received supplemental vitamin D3 in a daily dose of 1000 IU oral capsule starting since 6 week GA till delivery. Group B included pregnant women who completed their pregnancy without vitamin D supplementation. All women underwent the 75g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (75-OGTT) at the 20, 28 and 36 week for detection of GDM. All women were followed up till delivery and maternal and neonatal outcome. Results: Serum 25OHD levels were sufficient, insufficient and deficient in 42, 142 and 144 women, respectively. Forty-three women (13.1%) developed GDM and 62 women (18.9%) had emergency and 23 women had elective CS. Moreover, 48 neonates (14.6%) required NICU admission; 15 for respiratory-aid, 22 for phototherapy and 11 neonates for management of sepsis, but 4 neonates died. Women of group A showed significantly lower frequency of GDM with significantly lower BG levels, significantly lower frequency of CS especially emergency CS and significantly lower frequency of NICU admission. Conclusion: Low serum 25OHD levels are a widespread problem among pregnant women and are associated with higher frequency of GDM, CS delivery especially emergency ones and NICU admission rate. Supplemental vitamin D therapy did well for reducing the frequencies of these events. Supplemental daily dose of 1000 IU appears appropriate and convenient as it was taken in the form of oral capsules.
THE COMPARISON OF IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF WHEAT STRAW BY RUMEN ANAEROBIC FUNGI OF KHUZESTAN BUFFALO AND HOLSTEIN CATTLE

This study was conducted to compare digestibility of wheat straw (WS) by fungi and whole rumen microorganisms (WRM). Dry matter (DM), neutral and acid detergent fiber (NDF and ADF) digestibility of WS were compared with in vitro digestion (IVD), gas production (GP) and specific rumen anaerobic fungi culture (SRAFC). Dry matter, NDF and ADF digestibility of WS by WRM of buffalo (60.80, 49.93 and 17.45%, respectively) were more than cattle (53.00, 38.63 and 10.62%, respectively) (P 0.05), NDF and ADF by buffalo (51.03, 44.41 and 12.09%) was more than cattle (48.04, 36.34 and 8.76) (P 0.05), but rate of GP of them was same. In SRAFC, DM digestibility of WS by fungi of buffalo at days 3 and 12 was more than cattle (P<0.05). The number of fungi in cattle rumen was more than buffalo (P<0.05). The potential of fungi and WRM of buffalo were more than cattle. Therefore, the results were shown the advantage and supremacy of buffalo in usage the low quality roughages.
Nutritional profiling of wheat germ oil for the value added baked products ; Correlation with lipid profile management

Wheat germ, the main fatty component of wheat grain, is characterized by consisting of polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as by its elevated content of natural antioxidant i.e. α-tocopherol. Cookies were prepared from wheat germ oil (WGO) with the objective of providing higher antioxidant in the diet of rats. Normal shortening was replaced with WGO at the levels of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% in the cookies formulation. The α-tocopherol content in the WGO used in this study was (1660mg/kg). Fatty acid profile of WGO revealed the content of oleic acid (14.69%), linoleic acid (56.99%) and linolenic acid (9.51%). The α-tocopherol content of cookies improved significantly (P≤0.05) with gradual increase of WGO in cookies formulation. However, sensory attributes of the cookies containing WGO up to 50% on replacement basis, were as acceptable as control cookies. The biochemical effect of the cookies was assessed through weanling albino rats by feeding a diet of cookies for three months. The results indicated a significant (P≤0.05) decrease in serum cholesterol and LDL-C concentration of rats fed over diets containing WGO against the control group. However, non significant (P≤0.05) differences were observed among diet groups fed over 50, 75 and 100% WGO levels. High density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentration changed non-significantly (P≤0.05) throughout the treatments during the study. Results indicated that WGO containing cookies lower LDL-C, without significantly changing the HDL-C in rats. These findings support the nutritional value of wheat germ as a natural source of edible oil containing essential fatty acids and natural antioxidant whose combined effects play a crucial role in reducing lipid peroxidation, which is ultimately useful in decreasing the risk of CHD (coronary heart disease).
Investigating attitudes towards mobile commerce for travel products

TOURISM ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER E. Christou Vol. 58 No 1/ 2010/ 7-18 Th e development of electronic travel services over the Internet has assisted greatly travel agents to better anticipate to changes in consumers' shopping behaviour as well as to changes resulting from socio-demographic profi les of consumers (Go, Van Rekom, & Teunissen, 1999; Bedard, 2000). For instance, the mounting average age of consumers increases the need for more convenience in travel shopping (Sigala, 2001; Anckar, & D'Inkau, 2002). E-commerce in travel services provides this convenience by enabling consumers to make reservations and order tickets from home, and either having the tickets or vouchers subsequently delivered at home or receiving an elec-
Effects of surya namaskar on stress

Aim: To study the effect of surya namaskar on stress. Background: The study is done to assess the effect of Surya plexus (located behind the navel, which is the central point of the human body), also known as the second brain, is said to be connected to the sun. This is the main reason why the ancient rishis recommended the practice of Surya Namaskar, because the regular practice of this technique enhances the solar plexus, which increases one's creativity and intuitive abilities.This study is conducted in a yoga centre based on their experience this study finds the effect of yoga on stress management. Materials and Methods: The participants for the study included 50 persons who were aged between 25-50 years.25 persons were practicing surya namaskar and 25 people were not practising surya namaskar.A questionnaire assessing the stress induvidual was distributed among them. Results: It provides the individual with refreshing experiences and ability to manage stress to a great level and to help get rid of psychotic and mood refreshing drugs and tries to find the effect of yoga on management of stress.
Speech enhancement by modeling of stationary time-frequency regions

The main objective of speech enhancement is to improve the overall quality and intelligibility of degraded speech. Speech enhancement has been studied for many years, and numerous enhancement algorithms have been developed. However, these traditional techniques tend to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the signal at the expense of losing some intelligibility in the speech. Recently, a new enhancement technique was developed which achieves a better compromise between improved SNR and intelligibility. The algorithm appears to be successful by identifying and modeling stationary regions in the time-frequency plane. This time-frequency segmentation permits the algorithm to bypass certain problems encountered in traditional enhancement algorithms. This thesis deals with the overall improvement of this enhancement system, in terms of computational efficiency and the quality and/or intelligibility of its output. The procedure was simplified by generalizing some of its modeling assumptions. The enhanced speech quality and intelligibility was improved by relaxing the algorithm's modeling constraints at high frequency regions. Informal tests showed that these modifications provided some perceptual improvements compared to previous incarnations of the algorithm. Thesis Supervisor: Jae S. Lim Title: Professor of Electrical Engineering
Redox Speciation and Distribution within Diverse Iron-dominated Microbial Habitats at Loihi Seamount

Deep-sea hydrothermal systems such as the Loihi Seamount hydrothermal field are important examples of environments where both chemical and biological oxidation of Fe can occur simultaneously, and provide an ideal system to study the speciation and distribution of redox-sensitive bio-reactive elements such as Fe, Mn and S. A total of 13 discrete ROV dives were conducted within the Loihi Summit area over three cruises in 2006, 2007, and 2008. Here, we present and compare data from 17 distinct sites of historical and current interest, from focused and diffuse hydrothermal flow localities, over the three-year sampling period. We coupled an in situ electrochemical analyzer (ISEA) to a sensor wand and a high-resolution in situ micromanipulator deployed from ROV Jason-II to measure dissolved redox species within hydrothermal fluids and microbial mats at Loihi Seamount in complement to analyses on discrete samples collected using Titanium samplers. We compare in situ electrochemical data with traditional geochemical sampling and analysis techniques, and provide a geochemical context for past, on-going, and planned microbial ecology studies.
Variations in crustal structure across the transition from West to East Antarctica, Southern Victoria Land

SUMMARY The crustal structure beneath Ross Island and the Transantarctic Mountains (TAM) in Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica, is inferred using non-linear inversion of receiver functions, derived from teleseismic earthquake data. Intermediate-period waveforms from more than 160 teleseismic earthquakes recorded between January 1994 and January 2000 were used in the analysis. The inversion results confirm a crustal thickness of 19–21 km beneath Ross Island, consistent with previous multichannel seismic work. In addition we observe a crustal thickness of 18–20 km beneath the Ross Sea coastline immediately adjacent to the TAM. Further inland, beneath the TAM, the estimated Moho depths range from 30–33 km (∼30 km from the coast) to 36–40 km (∼85 km from the coast), deepening away from the coast beneath the TAM. These results are in broad agreement with previous seismic and gravity interpretations. Beneath the TAM a sharp mid-crustal discontinuity is present at 8–14 km depth beneath the eastern-most stations, but absent on the western side of the TAM, indicating a spatial change in the mid-crustal composition.
LORENTZ-FACTOR–ISOTROPIC-LUMINOSITY/ENERGY CORRELATIONS OF GAMMA-RAY BURSTS AND THEIR INTERPRETATION

The bulk Lorentz factor of the gamma-ray burst (GRB) ejecta (Γ0) is a key parameter to understanding GRB physics. Liang et al. have discovered a correlation between Γ0 and isotropic γ-ray energy: Γ0∝E0. 25γ, iso, 52. By including more GRBs with updated data and more methods to derive Γ0, we confirm this correlation and obtain Γ0 ≃ 91E0. 29γ, iso, 52. Evaluating the mean isotropic γ-ray luminosities Lγ, iso of the GRBs in the same sample, we discover an even tighter correlation Γ0 ≃ 249L0. 30γ, iso, 52. We propose an interpretation to this later correlation. Invoking a neutrino-cooled hyperaccretion disk around a stellar mass black hole as the central engine of GRBs, we derive jet luminosity powered by neutrino annihilation and baryon loading from a neutrino-driven wind. Applying beaming correction, we finally derive Γ0∝L0. 22γ, iso, which is consistent with the data. This suggests that the central engine of long GRBs is likely a stellar mass black hole surrounded by a hyper-accreting disk.
myths and misconceptions Systematic reviews from astronomy to zoology

http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/322/7278/98 Updated information and services can be found at: These include: Data supplement http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/322/7278/98/DC1 "extra references" References http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/322/7278/98#otherarticles 11 online articles that cite this article can be accessed at: http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/322/7278/98#BIBL This article cites 15 articles, 7 of which can be accessed free at: