Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fertilisation practice changes rhizosphere microbial community structure in the agroecosystem

Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Resources Environment of AnHui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China Department of Mathematics and Physics, Hefei University, Hefei, China Correspondence Associate Prof. Daozhong Wang, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute of Anhui Academic of Agricultural Science, No. 40 Southern Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, Anhui, China. Email: wangdaozhong11@126.com Xisheng Guo, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute of Anhui Academic of Agricultural Science, No. 40 Southern Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, Anhui, China. Email: 1078681598@qq.com Funding information Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Grant/Award Number: XDB15010103; Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant/Award Number: 41501323; Natural Science Foundation of AnHui Province, Grant/Award Numbers: 1608085QD87, 17030701052; Programs of State key laboratory of soil and sustainable agriculture of Chinese Academy of Science and Anhui Academic of Agricultural Science, Grant/ Award Numbers: Y20160027, 17A1024 Rhizosphere microbial community is important for the acquisition of soil nutrients and closely related to plant species. Fertilisation practice changed soil quality. With the hypothesis of stronger rhizosphere effect of plant on rhizosphere microbial community than fertilisation management, we designed this research based on a long-term field experiment (1982–present). This study consists of no fertilisation (NF), mineral fertilisers (NPK), mineral fertilisers plus 7,500 kg/ ha of wheat straw addition (WS) and mineral fertilisers plus 30,000 kg/ha of cow manure (CM). After analysing, we found that fertilisation management not only elevated crop yield but also affected crop rhizosphere microbial community structure. The influence of fertilisation practice on wheat rhizosphere microbial structure was stronger than that of wheat. For wheat rhizosphere bacterial community, it was significantly affected by soil water content (SWC), nitrogen (TN), phosphorus (TP), pH, available phosphorus (AVP) and nitrogen (AVN), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and carbon (DOC). Besides SWC, pH, AVP, AVN, TN, TP and DOC, the wheat rhizosphere fungi community was also significantly affected by soil organic matter (SOM) and available potassium (AVK). Moreover, compared to rhizosphere bacterial community, the influences of soil physiochemical properties on rhizosphere fungal community was stronger. In conclusion, fertilisation practice was the primary factor structuring rhizosphere microbial community by changing soil nutrients availabilities in the agroecosystem.
Différenciation des cellules de la crête neurale lors de l'activation constitutive des protéines NRAS ou BRAF

Les melanocytes sont des cellules productrices de melanines, a l’origine de la teinte de la peau, des yeux et des cheveux. Elles derivent d'une population multipotente appelee cellules de la crete neurale, qui genere entre autres egalement tout le systeme nerveux peripherique. Une proliferation accrue des precurseurs des melanocytes durant le developpement entraine chez l’homme l’apparition d’un naevus melanocytaire congenital (NMC). Cette proliferation est due a une mutation somatique au sein d'un de ces precurseurs, dans des genes de la voie de signalisation des MAP-Kinases, NRAS ou BRAF. Les plus grandes formes, couvrant des parties entieres du corps, sont syndromiques. Ils peuvent associer des melanocytoses, des malformations ou tumeurs cerebrales ou meningees, parfois epileptogenes, ainsi qu'un risque autour de 5% de degenerer en melanome, dans un des sites atteints. Durant ma these j’ai explore des modeles murins ou les proteines NRAS ou BRAF constitutivement actives sont exprimees tres tot au cours de l’embryogenese, dans les cellules de la crete neurale. Les embryons mutants BrafV600E connaissent une letalite embryonnaire, probablement due a une superposition de defauts vasculaires et cerebraux. En revanche, les souris NrasG12D sont viables,presentent des melanocytoses extracutanees dans des sites divers, ainsi qu’une hyperpigmentation cutanee, visible en postnatal. Cette hyperpigmentation est associee a une augmentation de la densite folliculaire, ainsi qu’a un dereglement du cycle du follicule pileux. Des cultures de cellules de crete neurale murines, BrafV600E ou NrasG12D et controles, ont permis d’elucider sur le plan moleculaire les effets de telles mutations.
Measuring the surrogacy potential of charismatic megafauna species across taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity on a megadiverse island

Conservation organisations and governments often use charismatic megafauna as surrogates to represent broader biodiversity. While these species are primarily selected as “flagships” for marketing campaigns, it is important to evaluate their surrogacy potential, i.e. the extent to which their protection benefits other biodiversity elements. Four charismatic megafauna species are used as surrogates in the megadiverse island of Sumatra: the Sumatran tiger Panthera tigris sumatrae, Sumatran elephant Elephas maximus sumatranus, Sumatran orangutan Pongo abelii and Sumatran rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis. We examined how well each of these species performed in representing the distribution of all co-occurring terrestrial mammal species on the island, and the priority areas for the conservation of three facets of mammalian biodiversity (taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional). We used habitat suitability models to represent the distribution of 184 terrestrial mammal species, 160 phylogenetic groups and 74 functional trait groups. We then identified priority conservation areas using the spatial prioritisation software Zonation. We found that the habitat overlap between each of the four charismatic species and the other mammal species varied, ranging from a mean of 52% (SD = 27%) for the tiger to 2% (SD = 2%) for the rhino. Combining the four species together improved the representation levels only marginally compared to using the tiger only. Among the four charismatic megafauna species, the extent of suitable habitat of Sumatran tiger covered the highest proportion of priority conservation areas. The Sumatran tiger also outperformed most of other mammal species with similar range sizes. We found that some of the top-ranked conservation areas for taxonomic (28%), phylogenetic (8%) and functional diversity (19%) did not overlap with any of the charismatic species’ suitable habitat. Synthesis and applications. Wide-ranging charismatic species can represent broader mammalian biodiversity, but they may miss some key areas with high biodiversity importance. We suggest that a combination of systematic spatial prioritisation and surrogacy analyses are important in order to determine the allocation of conservation resources in biodiversity-rich areas such as Sumatra, where an expansion of the protected area network is required.
Research of interval reduction in variable precision rough set

The essence of reduction is to find a minimal attribute subset having the same classification ability without inducing new inconsistency with a given decision information system. In variable precision rough set, interval reduction based on β-classification quality leads to several kinds of reduction anomalies. In this study, the authors define interval reduction based on β-lower approximation distribution to avoid all kinds of reduction anomalies. The merger of condition classes is discussed and a method is presented to get interval reduction based on the ordered discernibility matrix of condition classes. The property of interval core attribute which is the most important attribute on the given -interval is also discussed and a method is given to calculate core attribute on β-lower approximation distribution hierarchy. In addition, the core attribute set is usually used as the original subset in the heuristic algorithm for attribute reduction.
Toxicological Profile for Uranium

A Toxicological Profile for Uranium, Draft for Public Comment was released in May 2011. This edition supersedes any previously released draft or final profile. Toxicological profiles are revised and republished as necessary. For information regarding the update status of previously released profiles, contact ATSDR at: FOREWORD This toxicological profile is prepared in accordance with guidelines* developed by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The original guidelines were published in the Federal Register on April 17, 1987. Each profile will be revised and republished as necessary. The ATSDR toxicological profile succinctly characterizes the toxicologic and adverse health effects information for the toxic substances each profile describes. Each peer-reviewed profile identifies and reviews the key literature that describes a substance's toxicologic properties. Other pertinent literature is also presented but is described in less detail than the key studies. The profile is not intended to be an exhaustive document; however, more comprehensive sources of specialty information are referenced. The profiles focus on health and toxicologic information; therefore, each toxicological profile begins with a public health statement that describes, in nontechnical language, a substance's relevant toxicological properties. Following the public health statement is information concerning levels of significant human exposure and, where known, significant health effects. A health effects summary describes the adequacy of information to determine a substance's health effects. ATSDR identifies data needs that are significant to protection of public health. Each profile: (A) Examines, summarizes, and interprets available toxicologic information and epidemiologic evaluations on a toxic substance to ascertain the levels of significant human exposure for the substance and the associated acute, subacute, and chronic health effects; (B) Determines whether adequate information on the health effects of each substance is available or being developed to determine levels of exposure that present a significant risk to human health of acute, subacute, and chronic health effects; and (C) Where appropriate, identifies toxicologic testing needed to identify the types or levels of exposure that may present significant risk of adverse health effects in humans. The principal audiences for the toxicological profiles are federal, state, and local health professionals; interested private sector organizations and groups; and members of the public. This profile reflects ATSDR's assessment of all relevant toxicologic testing and information that has been peer-reviewed. Staff of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other federal scientists also have reviewed the profile. In addition, …
Development of specific SNP molecular marker from Thistle using DNA sequences of ITS region

Thistle is a perennial plant that is widely used for medicinal purposes. Information on the genetic diversity of thistle populations are great important for their conservation and germ plasmic utilization. Although thistle is an important medicinal plant species registered in South Korea, no molecular markers are currently available to distinguish them from other similar species from different countries. In this study, we developed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers derived from the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of genomic sequences to identify distinct Korean-specific thistle species via an amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR and high resolution melting (HRM) curve analyses. We performed molecular authentication of four different kinds of thistle species from different regions using DNA sequences in the ITS intergenic region. We also developed a quantitative PCR assay using species-specific ITS primers, which allowed us to estimate the ratio of Korean-specific thistle species using varying ratios of mixed genomic DNA templates from the two species. The SNP markers developed in this study are useful for rapidly identifying specific thistle species from different countries.
Growth inhibition and induction of systemic resistance against Pythium aphanidermatum by Bacillus simplex strain HS-2

ABSTRACT Biological control of plant disease with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has increasingly become noteworthy as they provide an alternative and supplement to synthetic chemicals without environmental contamination. Numerous Bacillus species have been used for seed treatment, induction of systemic resistance and suppression of both root and foliar disease-causing organisms. As a Bacillus species, Bacillus simplex also features antifungal and plant growth-promoting activities, but its ability to induce systemic resistance remains obscure. In this study, a Bacillus simplex strain HS-2 was isolated with both in vitro and in vivo activities against Pythium aphanidermatum in tobacco. The early plant defence responses were investigated to further illuminate the mechanisms by which the strain confers plant protection. Results showed that HS-2 primed tobacco for pathogen challenge through enhancing reactive oxygen species production and callose deposition in roots, that is, establishing a systemic resistance potential state. Bacillus simplex strain HS-2 is involved in both jasmonic acid/ethylene- and salicylic acid-dependent defence signals, as proven by the synergistic elicitation of gene expression for both pathways. However, sequential priming for different signal pathways may exist. Thus, the discovery and characterisation of Bacillus simplex strain HS-2 provide a novel biocontrol agent for plant diseases.
Continuum Absorption by H2O.

Abstract : Data on the H2O continuum absorption obtained by many different workers from laboratory samples and atmospheric paths are compared in the various windows in the infrared, millimeter-wave and microwave regions. Values of the continuum absorption coefficients calculated on the basis of simple, widely used line shapes may differ greatly from observed values in the windows between strong absorption lines. The temperature dependence of this absorption is also not predictable from present day understanding of line shapes or of dimers, which are thought by many to contribute. The shapes of self-broadened H2O lines are quite different from those of N2-broadened lines, and the difference increases with increasing distance from the centers of the lines. Several characteristics of the continuum absorption are common throughout the windows from the infrared to the microwave region. (Author)
Studying Crop Yield Response to Supplemental Irrigation and the Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Physical Attributes in a Humid Region

West Tennessee’s supplemental irrigation management at a field level is profoundly affected by the spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture and the temporal variability of weather. The introduction of precision farming techniques has enabled farmers to collect site-specific data that provide valuable quantitative information for effective irrigation management. Consequently, a two-year on-farm irrigation experiment in a 73 ha cotton field in west Tennessee was conducted and a variety of farming data were collected to understand the relationship between crop yields, the spatial heterogeneity of soil water content, and supplemental irrigation management. The soil water content showed higher correlations with soil textural information including sand (r = −0.9), silt (r = 0.85), and clay (r = 0.83) than with soil bulk density (r = −0.27). Spatial statistical analysis of the collected soil samples (i.e., 400 samples: 100 locations at four depths from 0–1 m) showed that soil texture and soil water content had clustered patterns within different depths, but BD mostly had random patterns. ECa maps tended to follow the same general spatial patterns as those for soil texture and water content. Overall, supplemental irrigation improved the cotton lint yield in comparison to rainfed throughout the two-year irrigation study, while the yield response to supplemental irrigation differed across the soil types. The yield increase due to irrigation was more pronounced for coarse-textured soils, while a yield reduction was observed when higher irrigation water was applied to fine-textured soils. In addition, in-season rainfall patterns had a profound impact on yield and crop response to supplemental irrigation regimes. The spatial analysis of the multiyear yield data revealed a substantial similarity between yield and plant-available water patterns. Consequently, variable rate irrigation guided with farming data seems to be the ideal management strategy to address field level spatial variability in plant-available water, as well as temporal variability in in-season rainfall patterns.
Circadian clock and light input system in the sea urchin larva

page 3 Acknowledgments . 4 Table of contents . 5 List of figures . 9 List of tables . 13 Abbreviations . 15 Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Circadian clock synchronizes several biological processes with the local environment . 17 1.2 Circadian clock in Metazoa . 18 1.2.1 Core clock in Drosophila and mouse . 19 1.2.2 Cellular organization of circadian system in Drosophila and mouse . 24 1.2. 3 Circadian clock in non-drosophilid insects . 28 1.2. 4 Circadian clock in zebrafish . 30 1.2. 5 Circadian clock in marine metazoans . 31 1.3 Components of circadian photoreception . 34 1.3. 1 The opsin family . 34 1.3. 2 The Cryptochrome/Photolyase family . 37 1.4 The sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus as a model system . 39 1.4. 1 Sea urchin development . 42 1.4. 2 Nervous system of the sea urchin larva . 44 1.4. 3 Photoreception and photoperiod in sea urchin . 46 1.5 Aim of the thesis . 49 Chapter 2: Materials and Methods 2.1 Bioinformatics tools . 52 2.1.1 Identification of ―clock‖ and light responsive genes in the sea urchin genome . 52 2.1.2 Analysis of conserved functional domains and motifs in sea urchin ―clock‖ proteins . 52 2.1.3 Identification of E-box motifs in the sp_vcry genomic locus . 53 2.1.4 Primer design . 53 2.2 Methods of molecular cloning . 54 2.2.1 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) . 54
Qualitative research of informal caregivers’ personal experiences caring for older adults with mental disorders in Lithuania: A phenomenological approach

Background In many communities around the world, informal caregivers of older adults with mental disorders (such as dementia) represent an essential, yet often underappreciated, source of long-term care. The present study aimed to determine the personal experiences of such caregivers, which could be instrumental for developing means of improving the quality of care for both care receivers and their informal caregivers.Methods Five semi-structured focus-group discussions were held. The participants (n = 31) were all informal caregivers of older adults with mental disorders. The focus-group discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. An inductive approach was used, and thematic data analysis was applied.Results Four thematic categories were identified: learning caregiving through personal experience; implications of caregiving on social wellbeing; caregivers’ contradictory emotions regarding care delivery; and addressing challenges regarding care provision.Conclusions This study revealed, among the informal caregivers, a variety of experiences, contradicting feelings, and problem-solving strategies relating to the care of older adults with mental disorders. Becoming an effective caregiver involves professional and psychological development, but also requires a relevant educational background, a positive attitude, and a supportive environment. Caregiving largely impacts the emotional, physical, and social wellbeing of the person; thus, comprehensive approaches are needed to prevent burnout and associated social disadvantages.
TWIN FETUS ECG SIGNAL EXTRACTION BASED ON TEMPORAL PREDICTABILITY

The most popular defects that infect new born babies have close connection with heart. Approximately 1% percent of new born babies suffering from defects that are caused by heart. By observing Electrocardiogram "ECG" during gestation doctors can study the fetal heart activity that collected from mother abdominal and rectify number of defects which has been diagnosed in fetal heart. Many techniques like filters, BSS and even artificial intelligence used to extract and process fetal ECG signal. In case of twins gestation the problem would be more complicated because the recorded signal is a mixture of multi signals which are mother ECG, fetuses ECG and noises where every signal comes from different source in addition fetus have the same ECG signal features as well. In this study the concentration would be on BSS techniques specifically on Stone BSS method. A comparison has been made between Stone method and two other methods "EFICA and JADE". The results proved that Stone method has better performance comparing to the other BSS techniques.
Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for agmatine production

Agmatine is a kind of important biogenic amine. The chemical synthesis route is not a desirable choice for industrial production of agmatine. To date, there are no reports on the fermentative production of agmatine by microorganism. In this study, the base Escherichia coli strain AUX4 (JM109 ∆speC ∆speF ∆speB ∆argR) capable of excreting agmatine into the culture medium was first constructed by sequential deletions of the speC and speF genes encoding the ornithine decarboxylase isoenzymes, the speB gene encoding agmatine ureohydrolase and the regulation gene argR responsible for the negative control of the arg regulon. The speA gene encoding arginine decarboxylase harboured by the pKK223‐3 plasmid was overexpressed in AUX4, resulting in the engineered strain AUX5. The batch and fed‐batch fermentations of the AUX5 strain were conducted in a 3‐L bioreactor, and the results showed that the AUX5 strain was able to produce 1.13 g agmatine L−1 with the yield of 0.11 g agmatine g−1 glucose in the batch fermentation and the fed‐batch fermentation of AUX5 allowed the production of 15.32 g agmatine L−1 with the productivity of 0.48 g agmatine L−1 h−1, demonstrating the potential of E. coli as an industrial producer of agmatine.