Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Absorption and utilization of different nitrogen forms by sweet potato.

The objective of this study was to determine effects of nitrogen forms on nitrogen absorption and utilization,and nitrogen efficiency for storage root production in sweet potato.Three nitrogen forms CONH4N(urea),NH+4-N(NH4HCO3) and NO-3-N(CaNO3),were applied in the field culture experiments,respectively.The changes of absorptive root activity and nitrogen absorption during sweet potato development,accumulation and distribution of nitrogen at the harvest,and yield of storage root were studied.The results show that absorptive roots are more vigorous in NH+4-N or NO-3-N vs.CONH+4-N treatment.Plants subjected to NH+4-N or NO-3-N have a higher level of initial nitrogen,accumulate more nitrogen,and exhibit a higher level of nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and15N production efficiency(i.e.storage root weight per unit fertilizer-nitrogen). Plants treated with NH+4-N or NO-3-N have 16.37% or 10.52% higher storage root yield compared to CONH+4-N treated plants.Plants subjected to NH+4-N accumulate lower nitrogen,and exhibit a higher level of15N distribution in storage roots.Plants treated with NH+4-N exhibit 5.30% higher storage root yield,13.28% higher nitrogen production efficiency(i.e.storage root weight per unit nitrogen) and 5.29% higher15N production efficiency compared to NO-3-N treated plants.NH+4-N is most suitable for obtaining high yield and high efficiency in sweet potato.
Effect modification of cardiorespiratory fitness, obesity, and physical activity in adults

We investigated if cardiorespiratory fitness modifies the association between obesity and the level of physical activity. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 746 adults, free of diagnosed cardiorespiratory or locomotor diseases. We analyzed sociodemographic and clinical information, cardiovascular risk factors, cardiorespiratory fitness, anthropometry, and level of physical activity (time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity). Those that spent more time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were younger, male, with lower body mass index, without self-reported arterial blood hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia, non-smokers, and presented with better cardiorespiratory fitness. The linear regression coefficients showed that cardiorespiratory fitness changes according to the level of physical activity and body mass index (obesity in low cardiorespiratory fitness: β 6.0, p = 0.213, 95%CI -3.5 to 15.6; in intermediate cardiorespiratory fitness: β 6.3, p = 0.114, 95%CI -1.5 to 14.2; in high cardiorespiratory fitness: β -6.3, p = 0.304, 95%CI -18.4 to 5.8). This effect modification trend was present after adjusting the model by covariates. Cardiorespiratory fitness potentially modifies the association between body mass index and the level of physical activity. It should be routinely assessed to identify persons with overweight/ obesity with low/ intermediate cardiorespiratory fitness to prescribe individualized training.
Ipsilateral and Simultaneous Comparison of Responses from Acceleromyography- and Electromyography-based Neuromuscular Monitors

Background: The paucity of easy-to-use, reliable objective neuromuscular monitors is an obstacle to universal adoption of routine neuromuscular monitoring. Electromyography (EMG) has been proposed as the optimal neuromuscular monitoring technology since it addresses several acceleromyography limitations. This clinical study compared simultaneous neuromuscular responses recorded from induction of neuromuscular block until recovery using the acceleromyography-based TOF-Watch SX and EMG-based TetraGraph. Methods: Fifty consenting patients participated. The acceleromyography and EMG devices analyzed simultaneous contractions (acceleromyography) and muscle action potentials (EMG) from the adductor pollicis muscle by synchronization via fiber optic cable link. Bland–Altman analysis described the agreement between devices during distinct phases of neuromuscular block. The primary endpoint was agreement of acceleromyography- and EMG-derived normalized train-of-four ratios greater than or equal to 80%. Secondary endpoints were agreement in the recovery train-of-four ratio range less than 80% and agreement of baseline train-of-four ratios between the devices. Results: Acceleromyography showed normalized train-of-four ratio greater than or equal to 80% earlier than EMG. When acceleromyography showed train-of-four ratio greater than or equal to 80% (n = 2,929), the bias was 1.3 toward acceleromyography (limits of agreement, –14.0 to 16.6). When EMG showed train-of-four ratio greater than or equal to 80% (n = 2,284), the bias was –0.5 toward EMG (–14.7 to 13.6). In the acceleromyography range train-of-four ratio less than 80% (n = 2,802), the bias was 2.1 (–16.1 to 20.2), and in the EMG range train-of-four ratio less than 80% (n = 3,447), it was 2.6 (–14.4 to 19.6). Baseline train-of-four ratios were higher and more variable with acceleromyography than with EMG. Conclusions: Bias was lower than in previous studies. Limits of agreement were wider than expected because acceleromyography readings varied more than EMG both at baseline and during recovery. The EMG-based monitor had higher precision and greater repeatability than acceleromyography. This difference between monitors was even greater when EMG data were compared to raw (nonnormalized) acceleromyography measurements. The EMG monitor is a better indicator of adequate recovery from neuromuscular block and readiness for safe tracheal extubation than the acceleromyography monitor. Contractions and muscle action potentials from the same adductor pollicis muscle were measured simultaneously by acceleromyography- and electromyography-based neuromuscular monitors, respectively, in 48 patients undergoing surgery requiring muscle relaxation. The electromyography-based device is a better indicator of adequate recovery from neuromuscular blockade and readiness for safe tracheal extubation because normalized train-of-four ratios of 80% or more were observed earlier and more frequently with acceleromyography. Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.
Development and Validation of Crosswalks Between FIM® and SCIM III for Voluntary Musculoskeletal Movement Functions

Background. In spinal cord injury, there are multiple databases containing information on functional recovery, but data cannot be pooled or compared due to differences in how function is measured. A crosswalk is needed to link or convert scores between instruments. Objectives. To create a crosswalk between the voluntary musculoskeletal movement items in the Functional Independence Measure (FIM®) and the Spinal Cord Independence Measure III (SCIM III) for spinal cord injury. Methods. Retrospective datasets with FIM® and SCIM III on the same people were used to develop (Swiss dataset, n = 662) and validate (US, n = 119, and Canadian datasets, n = 133) the crosswalks. Three different crosswalk methods (expert panel, equipercentile, and Rasch analysis) were employed. We used the correlation between observed scores on FIM® and SCIM III to crosswalked scores as the primary criterion to assess the strength of the crosswalk. Secondary criteria such as score distributions, Cohen’s effect size, point differences, and subgroup invariance were also evaluated. Results. All three methods resulted in strong correlation coefficients, exceeding the primary criterion value of r = . 866 (.897–.972). Assessment of secondary criteria suggests the equipercentile and Rasch methods produced the strongest crosswalks. Conclusions. The Rasch FIM®/SCIM III crosswalk is recommended because it is based on co-calibration of linearized measures, allowing for more sophisticated parametric analyses. The crosswalk will allow comparisons of voluntary musculoskeletal functional recovery across international databases using different functional measures, as well as different systems of care and rehabilitation approaches.
The interactions of bacteriophage Ace and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli during biocontrol.

Strictly lytic phages are considered powerful tools for biocontrol of foodborne pathogens. Safety issues needed to be addressed for the biocontrol of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) include: lysogenic conversion, Shiga toxin production through phage induction, and emergence/proliferation of bacteriophage insensitive mutants (BIMs). To address these issues, two new lytic phages, vB_EcoS_Ace (Ace) and vB_EcoM_Shy (Shy), were isolated and characterized for life cycle, genome sequence and annotation, pH stability, and efficacy at controlling STEC growth. Ace was efficient in controlling host planktonic cells and did not stimulate the production of the Stx prophage or Shiga toxin. A single dose of phage did not lead to the selection of BIMs. However, when reintroduced, BIMs were detected after 24h of incubation. The gain of resistance was associated with lower virulence, as a subset of BIMs failed to agglutinate with O157-specific antibody and were more sensitive to human serum complement. BIM's biofilm formation capacity and susceptibility to disinfectants was equal to that of the wild-type strain. Overall, this work demonstrated that phage Ace is a safe biocontrol agent against STEC contamination and that the burden of BIM emergence did not represent a greater risk in environmental persistence and human pathogenicity.
Associations of Circulating microRNA-221 and 222 With the Severity of Coronary Artery Lesions in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients

Circulating levels of microRNA-221 and 222 (miR-221/222) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) are elevated, yet the relationship between circulating miR-221/222 and the severity of coronary lesions in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains unknown. In this study, the relative expression levels of circulating miR-221/222 in patients with ACS (n = 267) and controls (n = 71) were compared by real-time fluorescence quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The ACS group was further divided into unstable angina pectoris (UA) group (n = 191) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) group (n = 76). Significant upregulation of circulating miR-221/222 was observed in ACS. A positive linear correlation between circulating miR-221/222 and Gensini scores was demonstrated. The area under the curve (AUC) of circulating miR-221/222 in the diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis ≥50% was 0.605 and 0.643, respectively. The circulating miRNA-221/222 expression levels in ACS patients were elevated and positively associated with the severity of the coronary artery lesions. Circulating miR-221/222 may be novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis ≥50% and the occurrence of ACS.
Identification of immune-related genes that predict prognosis and risk of bladder cancer: bioinformatics analysis of TCGA database

Background: Bladder cancer (BLCA) is the major tumor of the urinary system, and immune-related genes (IRGs) contribute significantly to its initiation and prognosis. Results: A total of 51 prognostic IRGs significantly associated with overall survival were identified. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were actively involved in tumor-related functions and pathways. Using multivariate Cox regression analysis, we detected 11 optimal IRGs (ADIPOQ, PPY, NAMPT, TAP1, AHNAK, OLR1, PDGFRA, IL34, MMP9, RAC3, and SH3BP2). We validated the prognostic value of this signature in two validation cohorts: GSE13507 (n = 165) and GSE32894 (n = 224). Furthermore, we performed a western blot and found that the expression of these IRGs matched their mRNA expression in TCGA. Moreover, correlations between risk score and immune-cell infiltration indicated that the prognostic signature reflected infiltration by several types of immune cells. Conclusion: We identified and validated an 11-IRG-based risk signature that may be a reliable tool to evaluate the prognosis of BLCA patients and help to devise individualized immunotherapies. Methods: Bioinformatics analysis was performed using TCGA and ImmPort databases. Cox regression was used to identify prognostic signatures. Two external GEO cohorts and western blotting of samples were performed to validate the IRG signature.
Alternating the population and control neural networks to solve high-dimensional stochastic mean-field games

Significance Mean-field games (MFGs) is an emerging field that models large populations of agents. They play a central role in many disciplines, such as economics, data science, and engineering. Since many applications come in the form of high-dimensional stochastic MFGs, numerical methods that use spatial grids are prone to the curse of dimensionality. To this end, we exploit the variational structure of potential MFGs and reformulate it as a generative adversarial network (GAN) training problem. This reformulation allays a bit the curse of dimensionality when solving high-dimensional MFGs in the stochastic setting, by avoiding spatial grids or uniform sampling in high dimensions, and instead utilizes the structure of the MFG and its connection with GANs. We present APAC-Net, an alternating population and agent control neural network for solving stochastic mean-field games (MFGs). Our algorithm is geared toward high-dimensional instances of MFGs that are not approachable with existing solution methods. We achieve this in two steps. First, we take advantage of the underlying variational primal-dual structure that MFGs exhibit and phrase it as a convex–concave saddle-point problem. Second, we parameterize the value and density functions by two neural networks, respectively. By phrasing the problem in this manner, solving the MFG can be interpreted as a special case of training a generative adversarial network (GAN). We show the potential of our method on up to 100-dimensional MFG problems.
Statistical Development and Validation of Clinical Prediction Models

Summary Clinical prediction models in anesthesia and surgery research have many clinical applications including preoperative risk stratification with implications for clinical utility in decision-making, resource utilization, and costs. It is imperative that predictive algorithms and multivariable models are validated in a suitable and comprehensive way in order to establish the robustness of the model in terms of accuracy, predictive ability, reliability, and generalizability. The purpose of this article is to educate anesthesia researchers at an introductory level on important statistical concepts involved with development and validation of multivariable prediction models for a binary outcome. Methods covered include assessments of discrimination and calibration through internal and external validation. An anesthesia research publication is examined to illustrate the process and presentation of multivariable prediction model development and validation for a binary outcome. Properly assessing the statistical and clinical validity of a multivariable prediction model is essential for reassuring the generalizability and reproducibility of the published tool. This article aims to educate anesthesiologists on key statistical concepts regarding validation of multivariable prediction models for binary outcomes, which is essential for assuring generalizability and reproducibility of the published clinical tool.
Spectrum-effect Relationship of Active Components from Taohong Siwutang tang in Dysmenorrheal Model Mice

Objective: To study the spectrum-effect relationship for active Components from Taohong Siwutang(THSWD) in dysmenorrheal model mice.Method: The effects of different extracted parts of THSWD were investigated in dysmenorrheal mice mode.The corresponding parts from THSWD and its constituent herbs were chemically analyzed using GC-MS and bioassaies were carryied out using dysmenorrheal mice mode in vivo.Regression and correlation analysis was made to discern the relationship between each peak and the pharmacologic data.Result:The petroleum ether extraction of THSWD is the active component.Unsaturated fatty acids are the essential components of THSWD.The linoleic acid as the major constituent is also significantly correlated with latency period and the frequency of writhing reaction.The 9-octadecenoic acid,eicosanoic acid and heptacosane have a certain degree of synergy on the analgesic effect.Conclusion:The data suggest that the methods are helpful for screening bioactive components from complex mixtures,such as the extracts of TCM.
Problematic social media use is associated with the evaluation of both risk and ambiguity during decision making

Abstract Background and aims People can engage in excessive, maladaptive use of social media platforms. This problematic social media use mirrors substance use disorders with regard to symptoms and certain behavioral situations. For example, individuals with substance use disorders demonstrate aberrations in risk evaluations during decision making, and initial research on problematic social media use has revealed similar findings. However, these results concerning problematic social media use have been clouded by tasks that involve learning and that lack a clear demarcation between risky and ambiguous decision making. Therefore, we set out to specifically determine the relationship between problematic social media use and decision making under both risk and ambiguity, in the absence of learning. Methods We assessed each participant's (N = 90) self-reported level of problematic social media use. We then had them perform the wheel of fortune task, which has participants make choices between a sure option or either a risky or ambiguous gamble. In this way, the task isolates decisions made under risk and ambiguity, and avoids trial-to-trial learning. Results: We found that the greater an individual's problematic social media use, the more often that individual choses high-risk gambles or ambiguous gambles, regardless of the degree of ambiguity. Discussion and conclusions Our findings indicate that greater problematic social media use is related to a greater affinity for high-risk situations and overall ambiguity. These findings have implications for the field, specifically clarifying and extending the extant literature, as well as providing future avenues for research.
Enzymatic treatment of rabbit hair fiber

Rabbit hair fiber is characterized by smooth fiber surface,low coefficient of friction,and the tendency to depilating.To overcome these phenomena,the rabbit hair was first treated with hydrogen peroxide solution(30%),followed by enzymatic treatment so that weigh deduction of the fiber was achieved to a certain extent.The effect of protease content and enzymatic treating time on the fiber diameter,strength,elongation,and the coefficient of surface friction was analyzed,and a suitable process of enzymatic treatment was determined,which changed the morphological structure of the fiber surface with the least possible variation in strength and elongation.Thus,the fiber surface friction coefficient,inter-fiber cohesion,and spinnability were enhanced,and the depilation of the rabbit hair textile product was also greatly improved.
Study on Enhancement Mechanism of Conductivity Induced by Graphene Oxide for Polypyrrole Nanocomposites

Polypyrrole (PPy)/graphene oxide (GO) nanosheet composites with different GO content have been successfully prepared. The morphology, microstructure, defect property and conducting mechanism were examined by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), positron annihilation technology (PAT), and electrical conductivity measurements for PPy/GO conducting nanocomposites, respectively. Experimental results indicated that PPy was deposited onto the GO surface homogeneously. Four orders of magnitude increase in electrical conductivity was successfully achieved with small quantities of GO compared to pristine PPy. In order to elucidate the conducting mechanism, an electron transfer model was used to describe bipolaronic formation, which can be confirmed by XPS and positron annihilation parameters measured including positron annihilation lifetimes, positron annihilation Doppler broadening spectroscopy .
The costs and benefits of coexistence: What determines people's willingness to live near nonhuman primates?

Living near primate species has positive and negative outcomes for human communities. While most studies focus on understanding people's perceptions regarding the adverse consequences of interacting with primates, less is known about people's willingness to coexist with primates or reasons that may promote human–primate coexistence. We surveyed 794 people co‐living with four different primate species—rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta, bonnet macaque Macaca radiata, lion‐tailed macaque Macaca silenus, and Hanuman langur Semnopithecus dussumieri—in southern and western India to understand how people perceived the costs and benefits of coexistence. The results of our semi‐structured interview study revealed that although tangible costs (i.e., financial losses from primate depredation) primarily drive people's stated tolerance for primate presence, intangible benefits from primates (i.e., their ecological, existence, sentience, and religious values) also critically affect attitudes towards coexistence. Amongst the four species, people associated rhesus macaques with the greatest costs and fewest benefits, lion‐tailed macaques with the lowest costs, and bonnet macaques with the highest benefits. People preferred lion‐tailed macaques and Hanuman langurs more than bonnet and rhesus macaques, and affection for a species shaped how people viewed costs accruing from the species. People's preferences for species were influenced by their existence, ecological, and sentience values more than their religious value. We suggest that intangible benefits influence people's fondness for a primate species and this, in turn, shapes how people perceive costs resulting from the species. Hence strengthening people's perceptions of the intangible benefits they receive from primate species will improve human tolerance for living near primates. We argue that there is a need to understand the context of human–primate conflicts beyond the cost aspects and focus on the benefits to improve human–primate coexistence.