Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Ownership Structure Affects Capital Structure and Firm Performance? Recent Evidence from East Asia

Despite the seminal work of Claessens et al. (2002), who highlighted the role of ownership structure on firm performance in East Asia, the relationship between capital structure and ownership remains much unexplored. This is important, given recent empirical and theoretical work linking capital structure and performance. The novelty of the present paper is that in examining the effects of ownership concentration on capital structure and firm performance, it not only allows for simultaneity between capital structure and firm performance, but also controls for one possible source of moral hazard related to the higher voting rights relative to cash flow rights. The paper clearly establishes that results are rather country-specific and the effects of ownership structure on firm performance cannot be delineated from its effects on leverage. More interestingly, these results highlight that higher voting rights could pose some moral hazard problem if there is a controlling manager shareholder called Cronyman in our analysis. Evidently family ownership could mitigate some of these moral hazard problems, though it could exacerbate the problem of over-lending. As such, the results presented here confirm and extend the essential findings of Claessens et al. (2002), though illustrate the importance of allowing for simultaneity between capital structure and firm performance. JEL: G32, L25,
Development and Validation of Questionnaire on Students’ Perception On Effectiveness Of Industrial Attachment Running title: Effective Industrial Training Questionnaire

Introduction: Educational programs in institutes of higher learning nowadays integrate industrial attachment to give initial exposure to students of the working life. The empirical nature of the attachment gives differential impact to students especially when they are placed in various companies and institutions. This study reports the validation of a questionnaire to measure the student’s perception of effectiveness of industrial attachment and the results of survey on pharmacy undergraduate students. Methods: This survey involved 112 respondents and the criterion is based on the 5-score Likert scale. Pilot study was done for face validity and exploratory factor analysis for construct validity. Results and Discussion: The data were grouped into two domains with Cronbach's Alpha value of >0.8 that indicate that the questionnaire has good internal consistency and high reliability. Investigation reveal that there was significant difference in self-perception before and after industrial attachment on their Attitude & Skills (p= <0.001) and also Benefit (p= <0.001). Results show that support from superiors and peers in conducive working environment affect the effectiveness of industrial attachment as it was observed that from the respondents, 107 (96%) feel that during training they receive support from their superiors and peers while 103 (92%) said that during training they were surrounded by conducive working environment. As for the factors that impact the effectiveness, majority agreed that longer duration of training (67% agreed), superiors support (76% agreed), peers support (75% agreed) and more exposure to the industry’s expectations (88% agreed) would improve their experience. Conclusion: These findings suggest that industrial attachment has positive impact on the student’s learning as there is a general Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(2) ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X www.turkjphysiotherrehabil. org 4702 increasing trend in both domains. In conclusion, this questionnaire can be used as a reliable and validated instrument to study student's perception of effectiveness of industrial attachment.
The Effect of Weather Shocks on Women’s Labor Supply and the Income of Women- Headed Households in Lesotho

This study examines the effect of weather shocks on labor-supply decisions and income for rural farming households in Lesotho. We examine how these shocks affect women and households headed by women relative to their male counterparts. We use the Lesotho Agricultural Survey data, merged with the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) data. We then employ a multinomial logit model of labor-supply choice as well as the Heckman selection models to study the income effects of these shocks. Our identification relies on the fact that weather shocks are plausibly exogenous once we control for time and community fixed effects. We find that women are more vulnerable to weather shocks and have more limited coping strategies than men. However, men have the option of intensifying their participation in relatively shock-resistant farming as a coping strategy in the presence of the weather shock. Drought increases the probability that men will choose farming, but it does not affect labor-supply choices for women. Therefore, more opportunities for women in rural non-farming sectors—tourism, for example—as well as increased access to and ownership of productive assets such as land would mitigate weather shocks as well as the additional effects of the pandemic.
Design of graphene‐based terahertz nanoantenna arrays

This article presents a method for the design of graphene nanoantenna arrays at terahertz. A customized hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) is used to maximize the plasmonic field enhancements and to minimize the sidelobe levels by acting on the array thinning, the spacing between elements, the size, and the graphene chemical potential. In particular, the graphene chemical potential is controlled by an applied electrostatic bias field. The problem is recasted as an optimization one by defining a suitable cost function, which is then, minimized using the HGA. Numerical results concerning graphene nanoarrays are reported to assess the design methodology. The obtained results are promising, and they demonstrate the potentialities and the advantages of graphene nanoarrays. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:653–657, 2015
On-Line Monitoring of Tool Wear and Control of Dimensional Inaccuracy in Turning

The present work deals with on-line monitoring of tool wear and control of workpiece diameter so as to avoid the formation of taper in the machined job. A noncontact, displacement optical fiber transducer is developed to monitor the tool wear indirectly by constantly monitoring the change in the workpiece diameter due to the tool wear. The results show that the dimensional inaccuracy can be maintained below 0.03 mm using the developed system.
Reduction of Carsickness using a Headrest with Support to Suppress Head Motion

There are growing concerns about increasing carsickness in a self-driving car as drivers perform various non-driving tasks during autonomous driving. It would appear that reducing motion of the head where the vestibular and the visual systems locate effectively reduces carsickness. Hence, we developed a novel headrest with occipital bone support (OBS) that could suppress passengers’ head motion and examined its effectiveness on carsickness. In the experiment, participants sat in a minivan’s second-row seat behind a driver’s seat and watched a video on a tablet terminal during a 30-minute vehicle journey on urban roads and reported the carsickness ratings at 1-min intervals. One of four seating conditions (a combination of two seating postures, ‘upright’ and ‘relaxed’, and two types of headrests, ‘normal’ and ‘OBS’) was examined in each journey. Head and thorax motion was also acquired using wireless motion sensors. Motion Sickness Dose Value (MSDV) was calculated for each axis. The results showed that the developed OBS headrest significantly reduced MSDVs at the head, and the mean accumulated illness ratings for 30 minutes were also significantly reduced by more than 40%.
Automata : Privacy-First and Cross-Chain Compute Protocol

The booming of Internet-based businesses has brought us to a juncture where important questions have arisen on where we are headed. While enjoying the great beneﬁts from instant inter-connectivity, highly customized services, as well as ”free of charge” oﬀerings, the darker side of the evolution also manifests. Lack of transparency in data ownership, dic-tating censorship criteria, relentless intrusion into personal privacy, just to name a few. All of these are calling for a fundamental paradigm shift in terms of how businesses, users, and data shall interact with each other. As blockchain technology starts to gain both attention and traction, the idea of a decentralized Web, or Web 3.0, sounds particularly promising. It seems to promise a future where users collectively own and govern applications and businesses that they interact with. When that vision is realized, we will no longer worry about data and privacy matters, as no one would be setting the rules other than the users themselves. The proliferation of decentralized ﬁnance (DeFi) applications in the past few months seems to have accelerated the transition into Web 3.0. Nevertheless, reality checks would state otherwise. Up to now, there is a fundamental divide between what is available for Web 3.0 and what is needed to build the Internet-grade applications today. For one, the transparency of blockchains albeit pushing for greater accountability in decentralized applications, can easily be abused to violate user privacy. A typical example is all these frontrunning tricks that will cause victim users of losses, large or small, when they are trading with decentralized exchanges today. Moreover, the intrinsic nature of redundant computation in blockchains could become prohibitively costly when applied in scale. Imagine high performance e-commerce applications that need to process tens of thousands of transactions per second, and they would not be able to wait for several blockchain nodes to each ”double check” the results and try to agree with each other. To solves these roadblocks to make Web 3.0 practical and usable at the Internet-grade, we develop Automata , a high performance compute protocol that empowers Web 3.0 applications and businesses with privacy-ﬁrst
Occurrence of Anaplasmosis (Anaplasma Marginale) in cattle in Sulaimani province, Kurdistan region of Iraq

The goal of this study was to determine both the incidence of anaplasmosis (Anaplasma Marginale) and phylogenetic relationship between A. marginale isolates from cattle in Sulaimani province, Kurdistan Region- Iraq during (March 10th to April 10th 2021) and those from other Anaplasma spp. A total of two isolates were tested for the major surface protein (msp4) gene for this purpose. Eighty blood samples of cattle (51 males and 29 females) were examined using both microscopic examination and PCR tests. Overall results were 23/80 (28.7 5%) and 8/80 (10 %) using microscopic examination and PCR assay, respectively. Age and sex were not significant factors in the appearance of infection, since no statistically significant difference in infection rate has been observed among sex and age group of cattle (P value >0.05). The results also revealed that the accuracies of traditional method and PCR assays in the diagnosis of the disease were 81 %, and 100 respectively. There was moderate correlation (0.43) between both techniques by the Kappa (k) test. However, The PCR technique recorded the highest sensitivity (100%) and specify (100%) for A. marginale detection. In conclusion, by the findings of the present study, it has been confirmed for the first time that A. marginale is the causative agent of anaplasmosis of cattle in the study areas and the best technique for the detection of either acute or chronic cases in cattle was the PCR assay.
Operational Resilience and Human Capital Toward Corporate Sustainable Longevity in Indonesian “Jamu” Industry

Corporate longevity is an interesting issue from a theoretical point of view. In today’s uncertain economic climate, the first priority for a company is survival. The longevity of an organization is basically one of the areas that can classify the sustainability of a company. Known as the cultural heritage of Indonesia, the traditional herbal medicine industry faces challenges of longevity. The word Jamu is a generic expression for traditional herbal medicine in Indonesia. The Jamu industry as Indonesia’s cultural heritage must be preserved with good support from a technical, regulatory, and commercial perspective so that Jamu companies do not go into the decline stage. Operational resilience is usually defined as the ability of an organization to adapt rapidly to changing environments. This study aims to identify the effect of operational resilience and human capital on corporate sustainable longevity through innovation performance. The questions are addressed through empirical research of 108 small companies that produce Jamu, traditional herbal medicine in Java, Indonesia. This study was conducted during July–September 2020. Data analysis is carried out with SEM-PLS using SmartPLS software version 3.0 to evaluate the data collected. The results indicated that operational resilience influences corporate sustainable longevity directly and indirectly through innovation performance. However, human capital could not play the antecedent role to corporate sustainable longevity directly or even indirectly through innovation performance. Human capital indicators require deeper exposure in the context of small industries.
Teaching kinematics via arduino based STEM education material

The present study reports an Arduino-based STEM education material that resolves the kinematics of a moving object, specifically focusing on two dimensional motion of the object. Throughout the work, a sample application that can be prepared in a classroom where students are active and including the acquisitions of Technology, Engineering, Physics and Mathematics in a single educational environment. In the study, instantaneous time dependence of the displacements, namely x(t) and y(t) components and the resultant R(t) component, are experimentally measured on a vehicle by using an Arduino UNO, distance sensors and Bluetooth sensor prepared within the scope of a STEM education approach. The ratios between those measured physical quantities and theoretical estimations are found to be %13.1 for the position, %1.4 for the velocity and %7.8 for the acceleration. The error rate of the data was accepted to be reasonable considering highly economical teaching materials.
An approach for stringent quality assurance of steam generator tubes

For detection of localised defects in ultrasonically acceptable wall thickness variation regions in 2.3 mm-thick ferromagnetic steam generator tubes, a two-frequency eddy current approach is proposed. The ultrasonic thickness data of a few defect-free tubes is utilised for optimisation of the two-frequency mixing parameters. The approach is validated by detecting a reference standard hole of 1.2 mm diameter in wall thickness variation regions. With suitable thresholds, this approach has been successfully implemented in production-line for meeting the stringent quality assurance needs of steam generator tubes during manufacturing stages.
Switching dynamics in -symmetric structures with saturable cubic nonlinear response

In recent years, the field of -symmetry has witnessed a surge of research interest due to its ability to exploit even the losses of the system. -symmetry and its implications have been explored widely in the realm of photonics. In this work, we present a numerical investigation on the role of -symmetry in switching characteristics of a fibre Bragg grating (FBG) with cubic saturable nonlinear response. We have explored such FBGs in both -symmetric and broken -symmetric regimes. In addition, we have also studied the effect of -symmetry in switching characteristics of soliton pulse in directional coupler with saturable cubic nonlinear response and noticed that only unbroken regime provides switching in directional coupler.
Analyse de séquences de variables aléatoires hydrologiques à l’aide de modèles de changement de régime exploitant des variables atmosphériques

When making investment or management decisions in the hydroelectricity business, one must often consider the future state of water resources as a random variable. A frequent hypothesis is that of the stationarity of the process : the distribution function of past observations is representative of the distribution function of future observations. Observations of hydrologic regime changes during the twentieth century over various locations lead us to believe that we should consider such changes if we want to correctly assess hydrological risk, and that we should reconsider the stationarity hypothesis. The difficulty of integrating climate variability information into our models is compounded by the small samples that we must use to properly evaluate that variability. That problem created a lot of questioning in Quebec during the last decade. When we study the annual inflow time series of a number of Quebec’s watersheds, particularly in the northeastern part of the Quebec-Labrador peninsula, we can identify alternating sequences of high and low inflows. Should we neglect possible shifts in the series when modelling and forecasting inflows ? Hydro-Quebec has developed and implemented many models taking into account changepoints. Some models use hidden Markov chains to evaluate regime changes probabilities ; others depend on climate indices to issue forecasts. Finally, certain approaches combine the above models. It is shown that the use of climate indices allows better changepoint detection.
The operation characteristics of air cathode Microbial Desalination Cell to treat oil refinery wastewater

This system [microbial desalination cell (MDC)] is considered an excellent sustainable process to treat wastewater by biological anaerobic oxidation of the organic material by electroactive bacteria, desalinate saltwater, and electrical power generation. In the present work, MDC was used for treating oil refinery wastewater in the anode chamber by anaerobic bacteria. Simultaneously, an air pump was used to provide the oxygen to the cathode chamber as an electron acceptor to generate bioelectricity power. The power density generated by this air cathode MDC with 1KΩ external resistance at the 1st experiment was 71.11 μW/m2. It increased to a peak value of 570.86 μW/m2 at the last experiment. The maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal percent of oily wastewater was 96%. The higher salinity removal rate 150.39 ppm/h with a first salt concentration in a desalinating chamber of 35000 ppm.
Quantifying Laboratory Compaction Effects on the Internal Structure of Asphalt Concrete

The performance of asphalt concrete (AC) mixtures is influenced by its internal structure, which refers to the arrangement of aggregates and their associated air voids. Currently, most of the discussion on the effects of internal structure on AC performance is qualitative. This study proposes computer-automated image analysis procedures to quantify the internal structure of AC. Internal structure is quantified in terms of aggregate orientation, aggregate contacts, and air void distribution. The new procedures are useful tools to describe and compare AC materials produced by different compaction methods and mix designs. The new procedures are used to study the difference in internal structure of AC specimens compacted with the Superpave gyratory compactor (SGC) and the linear kneading compactor (LKC). Specimens compacted with the SGC were found to have aggregates with more preferred orientation and fewer contacts than specimens compacted with the LKC. In addition, SGC specimens were found to have more air voids at the top and bottom, whereas air voids in LKC specimens were found to increase from the top to the bottom.
Magnetohydrodynamic Modeling of the Solar Corona with an Effective Implicit Strategy

In this paper, we design an effective and robust model to solve the 3D single-fluid solar wind plasma magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) problem of low plasma β. This MHD model is formulated on a six-component composite grid system free of polar singularities. The computational domain ranges from the solar surface to the super-Alfvénic region. As common to all MHD codes, this code must handle the physical positivity-preserving property, time-step enlargement, and magnetic field divergence-free maintenance. To maintain physical positivity, we employ a positivity-preserving Harten–Lax–van Leer Riemann solver and take a self-adjusting and positivity-preserving method for variable reconstruction. To loosen the time-step limitation, we resort to the implicit lower–upper symmetric Gauss–Seidel method and keep the sparse Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant to improve the convergence rate. To deal with the constant theme of a magnetic field that is divergence-free, we adopt a globally solenoidality-preserving approach. After establishing the solar wind model, we use its explicit and implicit versions to numerically investigate the steady-state solar wind in Carrington rotations (CRs) 2172 and 2210. Both simulations achieve almost the same results for the two CRs and are basically consistent with solar coronal observations and mapped in situ interplanetary measurements. Furthermore, we use the implicit method to conduct an ad hoc simulation by multiplying the initial magnetic field of CR 2172 with a factor of 6. The simulation shows that the model can robustly and efficiently deal with the problem of a plasma β as low as about 5 × 10−7. Therefore, the established implicit solar wind MHD model is very promising for simulating complex and strong magnetic environments.
History of Technology Policy—Commercial Nuclear Power

The present paper describes the rise and fall of nuclear power as a case history of a U.S. technology policy. The case history is relevant to the recent revival of discussions on national technology policies. Such policies, sometimes called industrial policies, bestow incentives and protection of a nation’s favored industries in order to improve their international competitive positions. Economists cite the industrial policies of Japan and Korea as one of the reasons for the strong international competitiveness of their automotive and electronics industries. The history of U.S. commercial nuclear power provides a case study on the extent to which U.S. government policies have been able to steer technological development to support national and international objectives. U.S. utilities ordered 218 nuclear power plants after President Eisenhower implemented his “Atoms for Peace” policy starting in 1953. They canceled 102 of them after 1975 when President Carter reversed the policy in order to set a nuclear nonproliferation example for the rest of the world. The canceled plants cost shareholders and ratepayers approximately $74 billion.