Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study the anticancer activities of ethanolic Curcumin extract

In Iraq like most third world countries, attempts to extract, identify and study the anticancer activity of the active components of plants and use it as drugs. Curcumin[(1E,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5dione] is the major yellow pigment extracted from turmeric, a commonly used spice, derived from the rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa. In India and Southeast Asia, turmeric has long been used as a treatment for inflammation, skin wounds and tumors. Curcumin has broad spectrum cancer chemo preventive activity in preclinical animal models. The extract of the herb curcumin, from Iraqi curcumin, was done by using of 95% ethanol as a solvent, then isolation of curcumin from the ethanolic extract by column chromatography, curcumin was characterized by Uv-visible, FT-IR and proton NMR spectroscopy. The study of anticancer activity of the curcumin and ethanolic extract were done in vivo on mice and in vitro on cell line. The extract showed a considerable anticancer activity against the cell line of human hepato cellular liver carcinoma. Key words: Anticancer, curcumin, ethanol, extraction.
Depressive Symptoms Following the Diagnosis of Major Chronic Illness

Past research has shown that diagnosis with a major chronic illness tends to increase levels of depressive symptoms. However, little is known about how mental health following diagnosis differs across sex and racial-ethnic subgroups. To test how diagnosis with heart disease or cancer affected the expected number of depressive symptoms over time, we utilized panel data from a national sample of 12,271 older adults. Analyses explored subgroup variation and whether subgroup differences were accounted for by differential access to social networks, socioeconomic resources, and unique life course circumstances. Results showed that while Hispanic and non-Hispanic black groups generally reported more depressive symptoms than non-Hispanic whites, the experience of diagnosis increased depressive symptoms more for non-Hispanic whites. Females generally reported more depressive symptoms than males, but the increase following diagnosis was smaller for females. These effects were not entirely explained by differences in socioeconomic resources or social network size.
Peer-led self-management for people with severe mental disorders: an economic evaluation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a peer-led self-management intervention for people with severe mental disorders. Design/methodology/approach – This is a one-arm longitudinal study without control group. In all, 262 adults with (self-reported) severe mental disorders, who have used secondary mental health services and were living in the community were evaluated at three time points (baseline, six and 12 months). Socio-demographic data were collected at baseline. Wellbeing (Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale), functional living skills (Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II) and service use (Client Service Receipt Inventory) data were assessed over time. Findings – Self-management for people with severe mental disorders improved wellbeing and health-promoting lifestyles. After an increase in the short term, costs appeared to decrease in the longer term, although this change was not statistically significant. Due to the lack of a control gro.
Three case reports

Rationale: Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) is a rare endocrine disease characterized by repeated fasting hypoglycemia or episodes of hypoglycemia late after meals, elevated serum insulin, and positivity for insulin autoantibody (IAA) or insulin receptor antibody (IRA). We summarize the clinical manifestations and treatment experiences of 3 patients with IAS. Patientconcerns:One patient with>20-year history of type 2 diabetesmellitus had irregular episodes of hypoglycemia 2 years of after treatment with insulin. Another patient with a 6-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus presented irregular episodes of hypoglycemia after 6 months of treatment with insulin. One patient with a history of Graves’ disease showed hypoglycemia after administration of thiamazole. Diagnosis: Serum islet cell antibody (ICA) and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA) were negative, while antibody insulin autoantibodies were positive in all the 3 patients. Two patients demonstrated diabetes mellitus after an oral glucose tolerance test, while one had normal glucose tolerance. Furthermore, serum insulin levels significantly elevated and did not matched C peptide levels. No abnormalities were found on enhanced MRI of the pancreas, and all 3 patients were clinically diagnosed with IAS. Interventions: In case one, insulin aspart 30 injection was withdrawn after admission. In addition, the patient was prescribed sublingual acarbose 3 times daily. Twoweeks after admission, prednisone acetate was administered orally once daily at night. In case 2, insulin aspart 30 injection waswithdrawn after admission, the patient was prescribed sublingual acarbose 3 times daily with ameal. Five days after admission, oral prednisone acetate was administered once daily at night. In case 3, oral propylthiouracil was prescribed and thiamazole withdrawn after admission, and the patient consumed an extra meal before sleeping. Outcomes: At the 3-month follow-up visit, the hypoglycemic episodes had disappeared, serum insulin levels were significantly decreased, and insulin antibody (IA) levels were no longer detectable in all 3 patients. Lessons: For those patients with high-insulin hypoglycemia, IAA should be evaluated if serum insulin concentrations are inconsistent with C peptide levels. Therapeutically, a lower dose of glucocorticoids with more appropriate medication timing can be used to achieve good results. Abbreviations: AIH = autoimmune hypoglycemia, GADA = glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody, IA = insulin antibody, IAA = insulin autoantibody, IAS = insulin autoimmune syndrome, ICA = islet cell antibody, IRA = insulin receptor antibody, T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Effect of Exercise on Pancreatic Islets in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats

Exercise and physical activity improve the glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). It is known that activity improves muscle utilization of glucose, and that exercise can spare islets if initiated prior to the onset of diabetes. However, any effect of exercise on pancreatic islet function after the diagnosis of overt diabetes is unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of exercise training on pancreatic islets in a rodent model of overt T2D. 12-week old male Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats and control lean rats were divided into 4 groups: sedentary control exercised control, sedentary diabetic and exercised diabetic. Exercised rats were trained with moderate intensity running on a treadmill for 7 weeks. Assessment of plasma insulin levels, islet cell composition (relative proportion of α, β and δ cells), islet density, insulin content and islet core diameter was conducted at the end of the study. Diabetes in ZDF rats lead to high HbA1c and BGLs, which was not reversed by exercise. Diabetes caused destruction of the islet structure and significant loss of β-cells, with an increased proportion of α- and δ-cells. Exercise improved islets morphology in the diabetic group, while islet density and islet cell composition were not affected by exercise. Increased insulin immunostaining of the pancreatic islets was identified in the diabetic animals after exercise. Although exercise did not affect the diabetes-induced decrease in the proportion of islet β cells, there appeared to be an improvement in the islet architecture and in β-cell insulin content.
Effect of (cid:2) 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation on cardiac ﬁbroblasts: a mechanism underlying RV ﬁbrosis associated with cigarette smoke exposure

Effect of (cid:2) 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation on cardiac ﬁbroblasts: a mechanism underlying RV ﬁbrosis associated with cigarette smoke exposure. Am J 312: 2017. ventricular (RV) dysfunction is associated with numerous smoking-related illnesses, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), in which it is present even in the absence of pulmonary hypertension. It is unknown whether exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) has direct effects on RV function and cardiac ﬁbroblast (CF) proliferation or collagen synthesis. In this study, we evaluated cardiac function and ﬁbrosis in mice exposed to CS and determined mechanisms of smoke-induced changes in CF signaling and ﬁbrosis. AKR mice were exposed to CS for 6 wk followed by echocardiography and evaluation of cardiac hypertrophy, collagen content, and pulmonary muscularization. Proliferation and collagen content were evaluated in primary isolated rat CFs exposed to CS extract (CSE) or nicotine. Markers of cell proliferation, ﬁbrosis, and proliferative signaling were determined by immunoblot or Sircol collagen assay. Mice exposed to CS had signiﬁcantly decreased RV function, as determined by tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion. There were no changes in left ventricular parameters. RV collagen content was signiﬁcantly elevated, but there was no change in RV hypertrophy or pulmonary vascular muscularization. CSE directly increased CF proliferation and collagen content in CF. Nicotine alone reproduced these effects. CSE and nicotine-induced ﬁbroblast proliferation and collagen content were mediated through (cid:2) 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and were dependent on PKC- (cid:2) , PKC- (cid:3) , and reduced p38-MAPK phosphorylation. CS and nicotine have direct effects on CFs to induce proliferation and ﬁbrosis, which may negatively affect right heart function.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity Affects Amyloid Burden in Cognitively Normal Elderly. A Longitudinal Study

Rationale: Recent evidence suggests that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may be a risk factor for developing mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. However, how sleep apnea affects longitudinal risk for Alzheimer's disease is less well understood. Objectives: To test the hypothesis that there is an association between severity of OSA and longitudinal increase in amyloid burden in cognitively normal elderly. Methods: Data were derived from a 2‐year prospective longitudinal study that sampled community‐dwelling healthy cognitively normal elderly. Subjects were healthy volunteers between the ages of 55 and 90, were nondepressed, and had a consensus clinical diagnosis of cognitively normal. Cerebrospinal fluid amyloid &bgr; was measured using ELISA. Subjects received Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography scans following standardized procedures. Monitoring of OSA was completed using a home sleep recording device. Measurements and Main Results: We found that severity of OSA indices (AHIall [F1,88 = 4.26; P < 0.05] and AHI4% [F1,87 = 4.36; P < 0.05]) were associated with annual rate of change of cerebrospinal fluid amyloid &bgr;42 using linear regression after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and apolipoprotein E4 status. AHIall and AHI4% were not associated with increases in ADPiB‐mask (Alzheimer's disease vulnerable regions of interest Pittsburg compound B positron emission tomography mask) most likely because of the small sample size, although there was a trend for AHIall (F1,28 = 2.96, P = 0.09; and F1,28 = 2.32, not significant, respectively). Conclusions: In a sample of cognitively normal elderly, OSA was associated with markers of increased amyloid burden over the 2‐year follow‐up. Sleep fragmentation and/or intermittent hypoxia from OSA are likely candidate mechanisms. If confirmed, clinical interventions for OSA may be useful in preventing amyloid build‐up in cognitively normal elderly.
Getting results in clinical pathology 2. Pros and cons of in‐clinic haematological testing

HAEMATOLOGICAL testing is used both for routine health monitoring and as an aid to diagnosis. An erythrogram provides information about the oxygen‐carrying capacity of the blood, the health of the bone marrow and many other disease processes. A leukogram, meanwhile, provides information about immune system function, the presence of inflammation and infection, and can even raise the suspicion of endocrinopathy or neoplasia. Haematology analysers have replaced manual methods of evaluation in many veterinary clinics, but it should be remembered that, in some instances, the results produced may not provide all the answers to a diagnostic problem. This article reviews a number of haematology analysers commonly used in practice and discusses their limitations to help clinicians critically assess the output from such systems.
Does Video Enhance Student Learning Experience

Background: The use of video in medical education is increasing but to date no one has investigated student opinion on teaching direct ophthalmoscopy using video. Aims: To assess two methods of teaching direct ophthalmoscopy (1) a practical demonstration of the technique and (2) an educational video. Methods: 35 final year medical students were given a practical demonstration of direct ophthalmoscopy followed by a questionnaire on their opinions. At another session 24 students were shown a video followed by the same practical demonstration. This group was taught using both methods so that they would not be disadvantaged. The students were then asked to complete a questionnaire on their learning experience. Results: Students preferred the practical demonstration over the video in a number of areas. Students felt that their understanding of ophthalmoscopy was better after the practical session (p=0.024), that they were more likely to recommend the session to another student (p=0.0048), and it was more helpful in improving their technique (p<0.0001). They were also more likely to attend the practical teaching session again (p=0.037). No significant differences were found with respect to content, delivery, fulfilling expectations and achieving learning objectives. Conclusion: Our current practice of direct ophthalmoscopy teaching is highly regarded. Students felt the video may have a role as an adjunct to learning or a tool for revision
Modular Software-Defined Radio

In view of the technical and commercial boundary conditions for software-defined radio (SDR), it is suggestive to reconsider the concept anew from an unconventional point of view. The organizational principles of signal processing (rather than the signal processing algorithms themselves) are the main focus of this work on modular software-defined radio. Modularity and flexibility are just two key characteristics of the SDR environment which extend smoothly into the modeling of hardware and software. In particular, the proposed model of signal processing software includes irregular, connected, directed, acyclic graphs with random node weights and random edges. Several approaches for mapping such software to a given hardware are discussed. Taking into account previous findings as well as new results from system simulations presented here, the paper finally concludes with the utility of pipelining as a general design guideline for modular software-defined radio.
Evolutionary Characterization of Human H1N1 Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Genes Isolated from 1947 to 2009 in China

Objective: Our aim was to reveal the molecular characteristics of human H1N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) genes from 1947 to 2009 in China. Methods: 129 HA gene sequences were downloaded from NCBI’s GenBank and analyzed by DNASTAR software. Additionally, the three-dimensional structure of HA protein was predicted by the SWISS-MODEL service. Results: First, 2009 Chinese HA genes were 99% identical to those of Mexican and American ones; their key sites remained highly conserved. Second, 50 Chinese strains from 1947 to 2009 clustered by the year of isolation, and 2009 strains had only 70% identity to 1947–2008 ones. Third, over the past 60 years, 3 receptor-binding (RB) sites and 2 of the 8 glycosylation sites (amino acids 279 and 290) underwent considerable changes while the cleavage sites remained stable. Fourth, the human HA sequences differed completely from swine and avian isolates. Finally, the mutation of cleavage sites can change the three-dimensional structures, but single mutations cannot. Conclusions: Thus, in the past 60 years, Chinese H1N1 influenza HA genes kept stable with high affinity and low pathogenicity to human except changes in 2 glycosylation and 3 RB sites which were associated with the pandemic strength, range and host specificity of viruses.
Injuries among the Elderly in the Home Environment

Six hundred persons (aged 60 years and over) injured in 621 injury events in the home environment and treated at the Regional Hospital in Umeą, Northern Sweden in a 1-year period, were studied. The injury and fracture rates were 30 and 15 per 1,000 elderly home population, respectively. Injuries were grouped into fall injuries (76%) and nonfall injuries (24%). The fall injury incidence was higher in women than in men. Most fall injuries occurred indoors. Environmental factors played a role in half of the fall injuries, and intrinsic factors in at least one fifth. Intrinsic factors in fall injuries became increasingly important with advancing age. Nonfall injuries were sustained in woodworking, home maintenance or building work, and household chores. Fall injuries were of a greater severity than nonfall injuries and accounted for 82% of the injury-related costs in this age group. The medical "cost" exceeded the corresponding cost of traffic and occupational injuries among all ages in the same geographic area. In conclusion, prevention of injuries, particularly falls, in this vulnerable and increasing homebound population is urgently needed.
Det-WiFi: A Multihop TDMA MAC Implementation for Industrial Deterministic Applications Based on Commodity 802.11 Hardware

Wireless control system for industrial automation has been gaining increasing popularity in recent years thanks to their ease of deployment and the low cost of their components. However, traditional low sample rate industrial wireless sensor networks cannot support high-speed application, while high-speed IEEE 802.11 networks are not designed for real-time application and not able to provide deterministic feature. Thus, in this paper, we propose Det-WiFi, a real-time TDMA MAC implementation for high-speed multihop industrial application. It is able to support high-speed applications and provide deterministic network features since it combines the advantages of high-speed IEEE802.11 physical layer and a software Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) based MAC layer. We implement Det-WiFi on commercial off-the-shelf hardware and compare the deterministic performance between 802.11s and Det-WiFi under the real industrial environment, which is full of field devices and industrial equipment. We changed the hop number and the packet payload size in each experiment, and all of the results show that Det-WiFi has better deterministic performance.
Low Serum n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid/n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Ratio Predicts Neurological Deterioration in Japanese Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background: Epidemiological and clinical trials have shown that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease or stroke. However, the association between PUFAs and acute-phase stroke has not yet been thoroughly studied. We investigated the impact of serum PUFAs on early neurological deterioration (END) in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods: In this retrospective study, we enrolled 281 Japanese patients (mean age: 75 ± 13 years; 165 males) with acute ischemic stroke diagnosed within 24 h of onset. General blood examinations, including PUFAs (n-3 PUFAs: eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA, and docosahexaenoic acid, DHA, and n-6 PUFAs: arachidonic acid, AA), were performed on admission. Other risk factors and comorbidities were also examined. END was defined as a ≥2-point increase in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score within a 72-hour period. Statistical significance between the END and non-END group was assessed using Wilcoxon rank sum tests or Student's t tests for categorical variables. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of END. Results: END was observed in 75 patients (26.7%). Diabetes mellitus (p = 0.003), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level (p < 0.001), prior stroke (p = 0.035), ischemic heart disease (p = 0.029), EPA/AA ratio (p = 0.003), DHA/AA ratio (p = 0.002), EPA+DHA/AA ratio (p = 0.002), diagnosis of small vessel disease (p = 0.004) and admission NIHSS score (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with END. We used separate multiple logistic regression analyses for the EPA/AA, DHA/AA and EPA+DHA/AA ratios, because EPA and DHA are considered covariant factors (r = 0.544; p < 0.0001). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that END was positively associated with diabetes mellitus, hs-CRP level and NIHSS score on admission, and negatively associated with the EPA/AA ratio (odds ratio, OR: 0.18; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.05-0.58; p = 0.003), DHA/AA ratio (OR: 0.045; 95% CI: 0.006-0.30; p = 0.001), EPA+DHA/AA ratio (OR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.26-0.74; p = 0.002) and diagnosis of small vessel disease. Conclusions: Our data suggest that a low serum n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA ratio on admission may predict neurological deterioration in Japanese patients with acute ischemic stroke. Large-scale prospective studies are further required to clarify the role of PUFAs in the acute phase of ischemic stroke.
Yoga: Past and Present.

The practice of yoga for health has become popular in the United States and worldwide. A recent survey estimated that 36 million Americans may be variably engaged in yoga (1). In India, where yoga has been practiced for centuries in homes and ashrams, three universities are now dedicated to teaching and research on yoga. The origins of yoga are between 2,500 and 5,000 years ago. The earliest images of yoga are soapstone seals from the Indus Valley archaeological site of Mohenjo-Daro (3rd millennium B.C.E.) (2) depicting a yogi in a cross-legged posture, the Lotus pose; several other images of Yoga appear in later Indian art (see Figures 1 and 2). Yoga in Sanskrit means “to unite,” as in the yoke of a chariot that connects the carriage to the horses. The Katha Upanishad (ca. 6th century B.C.E.) mentions a hierarchy of body, mind, and spirit where the body is the chariot, the sensesandmindare thehorses, and the spirit is the charioteer (3). As eloquently presented in the Bhagavad Gita (4), the yogi turns his mind inward, detaching from the material world to realize the true nature of the self. This may be accomplished through one or more yoga approaches, such as Bhakti (spiritual), Jnana (knowledge), and Karma (duty and action). Sage Patanjali (ca. 500 B.C.E.) (5) is credited with authoring a compendium of aphorisms (sutras) on a nontheistic integrative form of yoga, referred to as Raja Yoga, with eight components (Astanga):mental discipline and restraint (Yama,Niyama), controlled postures (Asanas), conscious breathing (Pranayama), detachment (Pratyahara), and meditation (Dharana, Dhyana, and Samadhi). Patanjali’s second aphorism states, “Yoga is the FIGURE 1. Lotus Pose.