Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Introduction: The Dialogue of Disciplines

The discussion and study of leadership is old – stretching back to the earliest of written texts. As Bernard Bass (Bass and Bass, 2008) notes in The Bass Handbook of Leadership, “Myths and legends about great leaders were important in the development of civilized societies” (p. 4). Leaders and leadership are important themes in the ancient Greek and Latin classics, in the Old Testament of the Bible, in the Hindu religious texts, and in the Canons of Confucianism. Bass also notes that Egyptian hieroglyphs for leader, leadership and follower were written over 5000 years ago. So leadership is woven into the very fabric of civilization. Taken further, the roots of leadership are likely “hard-wired” into the DNA of humans, and of all social animals. Dominance hierarchies are critical to the structure of social groups, and the higher that animals go in the evolutionary chain, the more the behavior of dominant “alpha” males or females begins to look like the evolutionary roots of leadership. These social animal packs look to the alpha “leader” for direction, for protection, and the pack leader plays a critical role in keeping the social order. For instance, in wolves, the pack’s dominant male plays a critical role in hunting activities and initiating travel, while the dominant female takes the lead in protecting the pack and in nurturing pups (Mech, 2000). Indeed, scholars in animal behavior have recently begun to explore parallels between pack animals’ dominance behavior and leadership (for example, Bonanni et al., 2010). We are, after all, merely social animals. Unfortunately, the discipline of animal behavior and its perspective on leadership is not included in this collection, but most other relevant disciplines are. What is included here is a variety of disciplinary approaches to the study of leadership, ranging from the arts and humanities, to the social sciences, and to more applied perspectives. Our intent was to gather leadership scholar experts from various disciplines and have them provide an overview of how their particular discipline approaches the study of leadership as well as providing some of the key findings, theories, and/or concepts associated with their discipline’s study of leadership. In the integrative final chapter, the disciplinary
Probabilistic learning on manifold for optimization under uncertainties

This paper presents a challenging problem devoted to the probabilistic learning on manifold for the optimization under uncertainties and a novel idea for solving it. The methodology belongs to the class of the statistical learning methods and allows for solving the probabilistic nonconvex constrained optimization with a fixed number of expensive function evaluations. It is assumed that the expensive function evaluator generates samples (defining a given dataset) that randomly fluctuate around a "manifold". The objective is to develop an algorithm that uses a number of expensive function evaluations at a level essentially equal to that of the deterministic problem. The methodology proposed consists in using an algorithm to generate additional samples in the neighborhood of this manifold from the joint probability distribution of the design parameters and of the random quantities that defined the objective and the constraint functions. This is achieved by using the probabilistic learning on manifold from the given dataset generated by the optimizer without performing additional expensive function evaluations. A statistical smoothing technique is developed for estimating the mathematical expectations in the computation of the objective and constraint functions at any point of the admissible set by using only the additional samples. Several numerical illustrations are presented for validating the proposed approach.
Sorority Women’s and Fraternity Men’s Rape Myth Acceptance and Bystander Intervention Attitudes

Sorority women and fraternity men are more likely than other students to be survivors and perpetrators of sexual assault, respectively. The present study examined sorority and fraternity members’ rape myth acceptance, bystander efficacy, and bystander willingness to help in potential sexual assault situations. Sorority women were more rejecting of rape myths and were more willing to intervene than fraternity men. However, no difference in bystander efficacy was found. Implications of this contrast are discussed.
Characterization of E 2 F 8 , a novel E 2 F-like cell-cycle regulated repressor of E 2 F-activated transcription

The E2F family of transcription factors are downstream effectors of the retinoblastoma protein, pRB, pathway and are essential for the timely regulation of genes necessary for cell-cycle progression. Here we describe the characterization of human and murine E2F8, a new member of the E2F family. Sequence analysis of E2F8 predicts the presence of two distinct E2F-related DNA binding domains suggesting that E2F8 and, the recently, identified E2F7 form a subgroup within the E2F family. We show that E2F transcription factors bind the E2F8 promoter in vivo and that expression of E2F8 is being induced at the G1/S transition. Purified recombinant E2F8 binds specifically to a consensus E2F-DNA-binding site indicating that E2F8, like E2F7, binds DNA without the requirement of co-factors such as DP1. E2F8 inhibits E2F-driven promoters suggesting that E2F8 is transcriptional repressor like E2F7. Ectopic expression of E2F8 indiploidhumanfibroblastsreducesexpression of E2F-target genes and inhibits cell growth consistent with a role for repressing E2F transcriptional activity. Taken together, these data suggest that E2F8 has an important role in turning of the expression of E2F-target genes in the S-phase of the cell cycle.
Study on the near-wake flow behind EBMC flameholder

The detailed near-wake flow behind the Edge Blowing Mixture Curtain flameholder and the V-gutter flameholder were investigated by using 2D cross-correlation on-line PIV in a low speed wind tunnel. Experiments were conducted at the main flow velocity of 10m/s and 20m/s, the jet velocity of 10m/s and 20m/s respectively. Results show that near-wake flow structure of both flameholders is governed mainly by large-scale vortices in the form of vortex street, and the jet increase the size of the vortices. But symmetrical large-scale vortices appear when the momentum ratio of the jet to the main flow is high, which is disadvantage to combustion. Based on the research on the instantaneous flow, the instantaneous viewpoint of the flame stability mechanism was brought forwad. Important effect of alternate formation and shedding of vortices on the flame stability was discussed. All of these offer important theoretic basis for further studying combustion performance of the novel flameholder.
Near-surface internal melting: a substantial mass loss on Antarctic Dry Valley glaciers

Abstract The McMurdo Dry Valleys, southern Victoria Land, East Antarctica, are a polar desert, and melt from glacial ice is the primary source of water to streams, lakes and associated ecosystems. Previous work found that to adequately model glacier ablation and subsurface ice temperatures with a surface energy-balance model required including the transmission of solar radiation into the ice. Here we investigate the contribution of subsurface melt to the mass balance of (and runoff from) Dry Valley glaciers by including a drainage process in the model and applying the model to three glacier sites using 13 years of hourly meteorological data. Model results for the smooth glacier surfaces common to many glaciers in the Dry Valleys showed that sublimation was typically the largest component of surface lowering, with rare episodes of surface melting, consistent with anecdotal field observations. Results also showed extensive internal melting 5–15 cm below the ice surface, the drainage of which accounted for ~50% of summer ablation. This is consistent with field observations of subsurface streams and formation of a weathering crust. We identify an annual cycle of weathering crust formation in summer and its removal during the 10 months of winter sublimation.
Approximate methods for modelling cavitation bubbles near boundaries

Approximate methods are developed for modelling the growth and collapse of clouds of cavitation bubbles near an infinite and semi-infinite rigid boundary, a cylinder, between two flat plates and in corners and near edges formed by planar boundaries. Where appropriate, comparisons are made between this approximate method and the more accurate boundary integral methods used in earlier calculations. It is found that the influence of nearby bubbles can be more important than the presence of boundaries. In confined geometries, such as a cylinder, or a cloud of bubbles, the effect of the volume change due to growth or collapse of the bubble can be important at much larger distances. The method provides valuable insight into bubble cloud phenomena.
Strength of Strained Two‐Phase Mixtures: Application to Rapid Creep and Stress Amplification in Subduction Zone Mélange

Aseismic creep may occur by distributed deformation in mélange shear zones comprising weak matrix and stronger clast materials. Slow slip events or steady tectonic displacement can be distributed over <100‐m thick shear zones if weak matrix controls bulk shear zone deformation. We use 2‐D numerical models to quantify the rheology of moderately strained (shear strain <1.75) mélange for various volumetric proportions of competent clasts. Mélange deformation with <50% clasts is matrix dominated and can accommodate steady creep. At higher clast proportions mélange viscosity increases more than tenfold after small strains, because strong clasts interact and form force chains. Clast shear stress is amplified above the imposed shear stress, by a factor of <14 where force chains develop. Slow slip events may occur due to a temporary absence of force chains, while localized regions of high shear stress generate coincident fracturing and potentially tremor events.
Analysis of gene expression in filamentous cells of Candida albicans grown on agar plates

Candida albicans (C. albicans) is a commensal organism of the human gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. C. albicans is also a major human pathogen, causing disease ranging from cutaneous infections to lethal systemic disease. The ability of this fungus to switch between yeast and filamentous forms of growth has long been linked to its pathogenesis. Filamentation can be induced by a variety of distinct environmental cues and can occur in either liquid or solid media. While some evidence suggests that there are differences between filamentation in solid and liquid media, gene expression analysis of filamentation in C. albicans has focused strictly on cells grown in liquid media. We have developed a method for analyzing gene expression of filamentous cells grown on solid induction media at early stages of filamentation, establishing cell plating densities, ideal collection times, and collection techniques. We have also demonstrated the utility of the approach not only in qRT-PCR assays, but high-throughput RNAseq assays as well. These assays will allow for comparison studies of C. albicans filamentation initiation in solid and liquid media.
Effect of Two Advanced Noise Reduction Technologies on the Aerodynamic Performance of an Ultra High Bypass Ratio Fan

A wind tunnel experiment was conducted in the NASA Glenn Research Center anechoic 9- by 15-Foot Low-Speed Wind Tunnel to investigate two new advanced noise reduction technologies in support of the NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program Subsonic Fixed Wing Project. The goal of the experiment was to demonstrate the noise reduction potential and effect on fan model performance of the two noise reduction technologies in a scale model Ultra-High Bypass turbofan at simulated takeoff and approach aircraft flight speeds. The two novel noise reduction technologies are called Over-the-Rotor acoustic treatment and Soft Vanes. Both technologies were aimed at modifying the local noise source mechanisms of the fan tip vortex/fan case interaction and the rotor wake-stator interaction. For the Over-the-Rotor acoustic treatment, two noise reduction configurations were investigated. The results showed that the two noise reduction technologies, Over-the-Rotor and Soft Vanes, were able to reduce the noise level of the fan model, but the Over-the-Rotor configurations had a significant negative impact on the fan aerodynamic performance; the loss in fan aerodynamic efficiency was between 2.75 to 8.75 percent, depending on configuration, compared to the conventional solid baseline fan case rubstrip also tested. Performance results with the Soft Vanes showed that there was no measurable change in the corrected fan thrust and a 1.8 percent loss in corrected stator vane thrust, which resulted in a total net thrust loss of approximately 0.5 percent compared with the baseline reference stator vane set.
The Yankees Effect: The Impact of Interleague Play And The Unbalanced Schedule On Major League Baseball Attendance

Major League Baseball introduced interleague play in 1997 and an unbalanced schedule between division and non-division opponents in 2001. These changes were designed to lower costs to organizations within the league and boost attendance. A game-to-game attendance model is specified for the Major League Baseball teams for 2001. We find that interleague play significantly increases attendance in National League cities only, while the unbalanced schedule has positive but insignificant attendance effects in American League cities. Working from these results, the model was re-specified to include the dominant team of this era, the New York Yankees, as a separate determinant for both interleague and divisional games. It was found that the Yankees have a large and significant effect on interleague attendance, while the impact of the other teams is not found to be significant. The same impact, to a lesser extent, is found for the divisional opponents of the Yankees under the unbalanced schedule.
The Effect of Residual Stresses on the Deformation of Semi-Circular Micromachined Beams

In this research, a semi-circular micromachined beam is proposed to reduce the out-of-plane deformation caused by the residual stresses. The side view of the semi-circular beam is similar to that of the cantilever. However, the end conditions of the semi-circular beam are similar to that of the microbridge. Although the micromachined cantilever would not be deformed by the mean compression, it is bent significantly by the residual gradient stress. On the other hand, the microbridge would not be bent by the gradient residual stress, however, it would be buckled by the mean compression. As demonstrated through the analytical and experimental results, the out-of-plane deformation due to bending and buckling is significantly reduced for the semi-circular micromachined beam. Thus, the flatness of the micromachined suspensions is improved. The more traditional techniques in which the out-of-plane deformation is reduced by lowering the net residual stresses of thin films can be supplemented by the use of semi-circular micromachined beam.
ADSORPTION AND ANTIBACTERIAL STUDIES USING ENCAPSULATED CHITOSAN/ZnO NANOCOMPOSITE

In this article, Synthesis, Characterization and dye adsorption properties of biocompatible (Chitosan-Znic oxide Nanocomposite was investigated. Zinc oxide Nanoparticle was encapsulated with Chitosan. Physical characterization of Synthesized CS/ZnO was Performed using Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Fluorescence spectra(FL). Methylene Blue dye was used as model pollutant. The isotherm and Kinetic study of dye adsorption was evaluated. The removal efficiency of MB dye was studied at different parameters such as, Effect of dosages, pH and Temperature. The Kinetic behavior was described in terms of Langmuir and freundlich isotherm model, respectively. The Prepared Nanocomposite is also proved to be excellent antibacterial agent against Gram positive and Gram Negative bacteria. Based on the data of present investigation, this paper suggests that CS/ZnO is an efficient and environment-friendly method to degrade MB.
The Emerging Adults Gambling Survey: study protocol [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]

The Emerging Adults Gambling Survey is a longitudinal survey of young adults aged 16-24 living in Great Britain. It aims to explore a range of gambling behaviours and harms among young adults and examine how this changes over time. It is part of a broader project funded by Wellcome into the gambling behaviours of young people and its relationship with technological change. Funding is currently available for two waves of data collection: the first collected in June/August 2019 (n=3549) and the second to be collected in June/August 2020. The second wave of data collection will also obtain information about the immediate impact of coronavirus on gambling behaviours. With a sample size of 3549 for Wave 1, this is one of the largest study of gambling behaviours among young adults to be conducted in Great Britain and is a resource for other researchers to draw on. Data will be deposited in the UK Data Archive upon completion of Wave 2 data collection and analysis. This protocol is intended to support other researchers to use this resource by setting out the study design and methods.
Here We Go Again: A Case Study on Re‐entering a Foreign Market

Globalization has motivated firms to expand into foreign markets, but internationalization is inherently dynamic. Many firms have exited foreign markets for various reasons, but some later decide to re‐enter those same markets. Based on a case study of a Brazilian multinational's activities in Mexico, this study contributes to the literature on re‐entry decisions of multinational enterprises and their outcomes, focusing on the roles of institutional voids and the experiences of decision‐makers during such processes. The findings suggest that companies learn from their mistakes and reconsider how they approach re‐entry and the resources that may need to be mobilized. However, the learning process is not straightforward as it is clouded by international knowledge myopia. This study highlights how multiple actors and considerations influence re‐entry events.
Multi-objective design of a power inductor: a benchmark of inverse induction heating

In the paper, a bi-objective optimization problem characterized by coupled field analysis is investigated. The optimal design of a pancake inductor for the controlled heating of a graphite disk is considered as the benchmark problem. The Pareto front trading off electrical efficiency and thermal uniformity is identified by means of a standard algorithm of evolutionary computing. A mesh-inspired definition of thermal uniformity is proposed. Keywords—induction heating, coupled problem
The effects of implicit and explicit self-control on self-reported aggression☆

Aggression and violence have a large impact on society. Researchers have highlighted the need to incorporate impulsive processes into models of aggression. The current research is the first to investigate the role of self-control, measured by both explicit questionnaires and an implicit association test, on trait aggression. Results indicated that higher levels of implicit self-control were associated with lower levels of anger, and physical and verbal aggression, but not hostility while higher levels of explicit self-control were related to lower levels of all types of aggression. We also investigated the role of gender in the current study and showed that gender was associated with aggressive tendencies , such that males had higher levels of trait aggression on three out of four outcomes, and the relationship between explicit self-control and physical aggression differed according to gender whereby the relationship between these variables was stronger among males. The current findings provide the first indication that both implicit and explicit self-control have roles in aggressive tendencies.
Berberine Protects Glomerular Podocytes via Inhibiting Drp1-Mediated Mitochondrial Fission and Dysfunction

Elevated levels of plasma free fatty acid (FFA) and disturbed mitochondrial dynamics play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the mechanisms by which FFA leads to mitochondrial damage in glomerular podocytes of DKD and the effects of Berberine (BBR) on podocytes are not fully understood. Methods: Using the db/db diabetic mice model and cultured mouse podocytes, we investigated the molecular mechanism of FFA-induced disturbance of mitochondrial dynamics in podocytes and testified the effects of BBR on regulating mitochondrial dysfunction, podocyte apoptosis and glomerulopathy in the progression of DKD. Results: Intragastric administration of BBR for 8 weeks in db/db mice significantly reversed glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, podocyte damage, basement membrane thickening, mesangial expansion and glomerulosclerosis. BBR strongly inhibited podocyte apoptosis, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, BBR could stabilize mitochondrial morphology in podocytes via abolishing palmitic acid (PA)-induced activation of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). Conclusions: Our study demonstrated for the first time that BBR may have a previously unrecognized role in protecting glomerulus and podocytes via positively regulating Drp1-mediated mitochondrial dynamics. It might serve as a novel therapeutic drug for the treatment of DKD.
HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF REPARATIVE CAPACITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON AGE RELATED CHANGES OF ALVEOLAR BONE, CEMENTUM AND PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT IN RATS

Background: Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing scope in recent research, it has a widely acceptable range of potential implications in humans, particularly for dentistry. Among various metallic nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are considered the most animated and charming nanoparticles that are involved in multiple biomedical applications. Aim: The goal of the current study was to determine the possible biological reparative influences of silver nanoparticles on age changes of the alveolar bone, cementum and periodontal ligaments of rats Material and methods: Forty five male albino rats (fifteen adults aging six months and thirty old aging eighteen months) were divided equally into three groups. Group I (adult age) that get infused with saline intravenously to serve as control group, group II (old age) which also get infused with saline intravenously and group III (old age received an oral dose of silver nanoparticles 100 mg/kg) once daily for 4 weeks. Results: Old age group revealed sever histological alterations as thinning of bone trabeculae and widening of bone marrow cavities. Marked hypercementosis with multiple signs of degeneration in cementum, periodontal ligaments (PDL) and alveolar bone were evident, while old group received silver nanoparticles revealed a considerable improvement of histological features of the tissues under investigation which became nearly similar to that of control group. DEXA examination revealed statistical significant difference in the alveolar bone mineral density between different groups. Conclusion: Oral administration of silver nanoparticles considerably ameliorated most of histological features of alveolar bone, cementum and periodontal ligaments of old rats. Bone mineral density of old rats was improved by silver nanoparticles.
Super-Brownian Motion and Critical Spatial Stochastic Systems

Abstract This article is a short introduction to super-Brownian motion. Some of its properties are discussed but our main objective is to describe a number of limit theorems which show super-Brownian motion is a universal limit for rescaled spatial stochastic systems at criticality above a critical dimenson. These systems include the voter model, the contact process and critical oriented percolation.