Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Function Based Design-by-Analogy: A Functional Vector Approach to Analogical Search

Design-by-analogy is a powerful approach to augment traditional concept generation methods by expanding the set of generated ideas using similarity relationships from solutions to analogous problems. While the concept of design-by-analogy has been known for some time, few actual methods and tools exist to assist designers in systematically seeking and identifying analogies from general data sources, databases, or repositories, such as patent databases. A new method for extracting functional analogies from data sources has been developed to provide this capability, here based on a functional basis rather than form or conﬂict descriptions. Building on past research, we utilize a functional vector space model (VSM) to quantify analogous similarity of an idea’s functionality. We quantitatively evaluate the functional similarity between represented design problems and, in this case, patent descriptions of products. We also develop document parsing algorithms to reduce text descriptions of the data sources down to the key functions, for use in the functional similarity analysis and functional vector space modeling. To do this, we apply Zipf’s law on word count order reduction to reduce the words within the documents down to the applicable functionally critical terms, thus providing a mapping process for function based search. The reduction of a document into functional analogous words enables the matching to novel ideas that are functionally similar, which can be customized various ways. This approach thereby provides relevant sources of design-by-analogy inspiration. As a veriﬁcation of the approach, two original design problem case studies illustrate the distance range of analogical solutions that can be extracted. This range extends from very near-ﬁeld, literal solutions to far-ﬁeld cross-domain analogies. [DOI:
Perfectionism and psychological distress: evidence of the mediating effects of rumination

Three studies investigated the role of ruminative tendencies in mediating the effects of multidimensional perfectionism (Hewitt & Flett, 1991) on psychological distress. Study 1 (Sample 1, N = 279; Sample 2, N = 224) and Study 2 (N = 205) found evidence, cross‐sectionally and prospectively, that brooding ruminative response style either fully or partially mediated the effects of socially prescribed and self‐oriented perfectionism on psychological distress, depression and hopelessness levels. In addition, Study 3 (N = 163) confirmed these mediation effects for socially prescribed perfectionism in relation to depression and hopelessness, 2 months later, after initial levels of distress were controlled. Overall, these findings provide evidence that brooding ruminative response style is an important mechanism that can explain, in part, the relationship between perfectionism and distress. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A recent colonization of Dolichopoda cave crickets in the Poscola cave (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae)

We report a series of investigations carried out on a Dolichopoda population recently discovered in the Poscola cave and in some small caves nearby (Lessini Mountains, Vicenza). This population is located north of Po river, outside the present known geographic range of this genus in Italy. Morphology of the epiphallus corroborated by chromosome and allozyme analysis indicated that this population belongs to D. laetitiae. Study of the genetic structure of population in the Poscola area revealed high gene flow levels between Poscola and the other minor caves, suggesting the occurrence of a single expanding population. This finding as well as mark-recapture data on population size, migrations, age structure and habitat type strongly suggest that the Poscola population is the result of a recent colonization due to anthropocore dispersal.
Title X-Linked thrombocytopenia causing mutations in WASP ( L 46 P and A 47 D ) impair T cell chemotaxis

Background: Mutation in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome Protein (WASP) causes Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), X-linked thrombocytopenia (XLT) and X-linked congenital neutropenia (XLN). The majority of missense mutations causing WAS and XLT are found in the WH1 (WASP Homology) domain of WASP, known to mediate interaction with WIP (WASP Interacting Protein) and CIB1 (Calcium and Integrin Binding). Results: We analyzed two WASP missense mutants (L46P and A47D) causing XLT for their effects on T cell chemotaxis. Both mutants, WASPR L46P and WASPR A47D (S1-WASP shRNA resistant) expressed well in Jurkat T cells (WASP knockdown), however expression of these two mutants did not rescue the chemotaxis defect of Jurkat T cells towards SDF-1α. In addition Jurkat T cells expressing these two WASP mutants were found to be defective in T cell polarization when stimulated with SDF-1α. WASP exists in a closed conformation in the presence of WIP, however both the mutants (WASPR L46P and WASPR ) were found to be in an open conformation as determined in the bi-molecular complementation assay. WASP protein undergoes proteolysis upon phosphorylation and this turnover of WASP is critical for T cell migration. Both the WASP mutants were found to be stable and have reduced tyrosine phosphorylation after stimulation with SDF-1α. Conclusion: Thus our data suggest that missense mutations WASPR L46P or WASPR A47D affect the activity of WASP in T cell chemotaxis probably by affecting the turnover of the protein.
Electron beam transport analysis of W-band sheet beam klystron

The formation and transport of high-current density electron beams are of critical importance for the success of a number of millimeter wave and terahertz vacuum devices. To elucidate design issues and constraints, the electron gun and periodically cusped magnet stack of the original Stanford Linear Accelerator Center designed W-band sheet beam klystron circuit, which exhibited poor beam transmission (≤55%), have been carefully investigated through theoretical and numerical analyses taking advantage of three-dimensional particle tracking solvers. The re-designed transport system is predicted to exhibit 99.76% (cold) and 97.38% (thermal) beam transmission, respectively, under space-charge-limited emission simulations. The optimized design produces the required high aspect ratio (10:1) sheet beam with 3.2 A emission current with highly stable propagation. In the completely redesigned model containing all the circuit elements, more than 99% beam transmission is experimentally observed at the collector locate.
Legitimacy, Visibility, and the Antecedents of Corporate Social Performance: An Investigation of the Instrumental Perspective

Using institutional theory as the foundation, this study examines the role of organizational visibility from a variety of sources (i.e., slack visibility, industry visibility, and visibility to multiple stakeholders) in influencing corporate social performance (CSP). The conceptual framework offers important insights regarding the instrumental motives of managers in performing CSP initiatives. Based on a sample of 124 S&P 500 firms, the authors found that it is a firm’s visibility to stakeholders, rather than its economic performance, that has the larger impact on managers’ decisions regarding how much CSP their firms exhibit. The results show that more profitable firms may not be motivated to engage actively in CSP unless they are under greater scrutiny by various firm stakeholders. The authors also found that organizational slack (estimated as cost of capital) is positively associated with a Social CSP dimension but negatively associated with a Strategic CSP dimension. This research contributes to the current CSP literature by demonstrating that motivations in addition to normative or ethical ones may be at play in the decisions firms make regarding their CSP.
AES BIOFLUX Advances in Environmental Sciences-International Journal of the Bioflux Society Sequence diversity of the infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus ( IHHNV ) in cultured shrimp populations in the Philippines

Partial sequence the capsid protein gene of a Philippine isolate of the infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), a single-stranded DNA virus that infects both wild and cultured shrimps was identified. The obtained sequence shared 96-97% nucleotide identity with the capsid protein gene of the other IHHNV isolates. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the capsid protein gene of the different IHHNV isolates did not cluster in terms of geographical location, indicating the widespread distribution of the virus. Among the Philippine isolates, IHHNV apparently has high genetic diversity. A sequence obtained from an IHHNV-infected shrimp postlarvae, Penaeus monodon in Central Philippines did not cluster with the other Philippine isolates and could represent a distinct isolate. The results of this study support the earlier findings that IHHNV has a high evolutionary rate, and given this observed phenomenon, strict monitoring of the movement of shrimps among geographic regions must be observed to prevent the occurrence of future disease outbreaks due to this viral pathogen.
Comparison between the Effect of CD34+ Stem Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Improving Pulmonary Fibrosis in Bleomycin Rat Model

Background: Pulmonary fibrosis is an interstitial lung disease characterized by progressive pulmonary parenchymal fibrosis which has no effective therapy available for it. Aim of the work: The study aims assessing the ability of human umbilical cord blood CD34+ stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to reduce pulmonary fibrosis in bleomycin rat model. Materials and Methods: Thirty two rats divided into 4 equal groups were included in this study; group I: normal control group, group II: lung fibrosis group, group III: CD34+ group and group IV: MSCs group. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced in groups II, III and IV by bleomycin hydrochloride. On the day of induction, groups III and IV were treated by CD34+ stem cells and MSCs respectively. Fourteen days after induction of fibrosis, lung function was assessed by blood gas analysis, animals were sacrificed, and lungs were dissected for histopathology, immunohistochemistry and TGF-β1 assessment. Results: Treatment with CD34+ stem cells significantly improved arterial blood oxygen. MSCs also improved blood oxygenation without restoring it to normal. Regarding degree of fibrosis, both CD34+ stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells were found to be markedly improved histopathological changes without restoring lung morphology to normal. Both stem cells restored TGF-β1 level to normal. Conclusion: Treatment with CD34+ stem cells and MSCs improve functional and structural alterations in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in rats and CD34+ stem cells are better than MSCs in improving blood oxygenation.
Spectral and imaging data sets fromMars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Odyssey , as well as spectral and topographic data from Mars Global Surveyor

[1] Spectral and imaging data sets fromMars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Odyssey, as well as spectral and topographic data from Mars Global Surveyor, are used to understand the origin of in-place rock units found in the intercrater plains and Hellas circumferential graben floors of Noachis Terra, Mars. The rocky units are interpreted as effusive volcanic plains on the basis of broad areal extent, structural competence, association with topographic lows, distinct mineralogy from regolith, and lack of sedimentary textures or minerals associated with aqueous processes. Some rocky expanses contain at least two compositionally distinct units. The relatively light-toned unit exhibits a higher plagioclase/pyroxene ratio than the lower, dark-toned unit. Both units exhibit ~10% olivine enrichment compared to surrounding regolith. These units are heavily degraded and exhibit crater model ages between ~3.80 and 4.0Ga, making these some of the oldest preserved volcanic plains accessible by remote sensing. They are found in association with Hellas ring structures, where the westward extent of these rocky units is limited to the outermost ring structure. Fracturing associated with the Hellas impact may have enabled magmas to ascend from the base of the crust in the circum-Hellas region. Identification of these units as volcanic materials extends previous estimates for volume of outgassed volatiles. Though the estimated volcanic volume increase is minor, the local effects could have been significant. The role of multi-ring impact basins in providing a spatial control on Martian highlands volcanism and subsurface mineralization may have been underestimated in the past.
Online Collective Animal Movement Activity Recognition

Learning the activities of animals is important for the purpose of monitoring their welfare vis a vis their behaviour with respect to their environment and conspecifics. While previous works have largely focused on activity recognition in a single animal, little or no work has been done in learning the collective behaviour of animals. In this work, we address the problem of recognising the collective movement activities of a group of sheep in a flock. We present a discriminative framework that learns to track the positions and velocities of all the animals in the flock in an online manner whilst estimating their collective activity. We investigate the performance of two simple deep network architectures and show that we can learn the collective activities with good accuracy even when the distribution of the activities is skewed.
Investigation of TQM implementation: empirical study in Brazilian ISO 9001-registered SMEs

This paper presents an investigation of TQM implementation in the context of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) ISO 9001:2008 registered Brazilian companies. The applied research method was a survey with 200 firms, and the structural equation modelling technique applied to analyse the empirical data. The results reveal significant issues about the context considered. The findings point out that ISO 9001:2008 practices may not necessarily drive performance improvements, i.e. the Brazilian SMEs are not moving towards TQM because of the lack of awareness of TQM and commitment to continuous improvement philosophy. The companies appear to be more concerned with TQM practice implementation, which guarantees the ISO certificate than with quality improvement, which leads to a better performance. Finally, the results of the study have come into question if the TQM model is robust enough to be implemented on SMEs. The search of an answer to this question requires more investigation by scholars.
Using Eye Movements to Examine the Effects of Age on the Time Course of Lexical Competition

Although hearing loss accounts for much of the difficulty older adults have comprehending spoken language, cognitive factors also play a role. There is evidence that, relative to younger listeners, older listeners have more difficulty recognizing a word when it has many lexical competitors, but little is known about the time course of lexical competition in older adults. We monitored the eye movements of sixteen young adults (18-30 years) and sixteen older adults (60-80 years) as they followed spoken instructions to click on objects displayed on a computer screen. We manipulated the lexical frequencies of the target word and the phonologically similar competitor. Older listeners were more likely than younger listeners to fixate competitors during comprehension only when the competitor was high frequency. Simulations using a model of spoken word recognition suggest that these age differences may arise from a combination of differences in the effect of frequency and competitor inhibition.
Finite element study of some parameters of bone fractures fixed with screws

In case of fracture of the neck of the femur a common way of successful rehabilitation of the injured is osteosynthesis. An essential condition of successful recovery is the enhancement of the stability of the fixation of fractures. However, at old age the layer of spongiosa becomes so porous that the threads of screws used for the treatment of the fracture of the neck of the femur virtually fulfil their fixing function only in the subchondral region - less and less in the inner layer of the spongiosa. However, in the subchondral region, the outer layer of 4 to 5 mm remains relatively dense. To increase stability, we modified the traditionally - shaped canulated screws, used for the neck of the femur to date, and developed duplex-threaded screws for the neck of the femur, submitted for a patent as well. By finite element calculations, we would like to verify the effect of stress and geometric parameters - playing an important role in the stability of fixation - for both types of screws for the neck of the femur.
Critical properties for gelation in free-radical crosslinking copolymerization

SUMMARY: A kinetic model was used to predict the molecular weight developments and the critical properties in free-radical crosslinking copolymerization. The predictions of the model were compared to the experimental data reported previously. Agreement of the kinetic model with experiments is satisfactory for both low and high crosslinker contents. The model parameters indicate increasing extent of shielding of pendant vinyl groups as the reaction proceeds due to the increasing number of multiple crosslinkages. The calculation results indicate that the real critical exponents can only be observed in the region E < 10-2-10-3 where experimental studies are very difficult. Outside of this region, the apparent critical exponent y describing the divergence of the weight-average molecular weight was found to deviate from the classical value due to the conversion dependent kinetics of free-radical crosslinking copolymerization.
Credibility and monetary policy under inflation targeting ghrissi mhamdi and abdelkader aguir and ramzi farhani

After more than two decades of inflation targeting in the world, it is important to evaluate if the adoption of this regime in a relevant developing country contributed to the creation of a better environment for the process of entrepreneurs' expectations formation. Brazil is part of an important group of developing countries and represents a potential laboratory experiment in which the effects of an adoption of inflation targeting after more than a decade can be evaluated. Not enough is known about the consequences of inflation targeting credibility on both monetary policy and monetary policy transmission channels in developing countries that adopted inflation targeting. Emphasizing the role of transparency and the credibility of monetary policy as a performance criterion that motivate any country wishing to adopt an inflation targeting regime, this study leads to the fact that these two basic principles toward which a inflation targeting regime cannot be achieved without respect for certain pre namely institutional and technical conditions. © 2015 Pak Publishing Group. All Rights Reserved.
Social roles and performance of social-ecological systems: evidence from behavioral lab experiments

Social roles are thought to play an important role in determining the capacity for collective action in a community regarding the use of shared resources. Here we report on the results of a study using a behavioral experimental approach regarding the relationship between social roles and the performance of social-ecological systems. The computer-based irrigation experiment that was the basis of this study mimics the decisions faced by farmers in small-scale irrigation systems. In each of 20 rounds, which are analogous to growing seasons, participants face a two-stage commons dilemma. First they must decide how much to invest in the public infrastructure, e.g., canals and water diversion structures. Second, they must decide how much to extract from the water made available by that public infrastructure. Each round begins with a 60-second communication period before the players make their investment and extraction decisions. By analyzing the chat messages exchanged among participants during the communication stage of the experiment, we coded up to three roles per participant using the scheme of seven roles known to be important in the literature: leader, knowledge generator, connector, follower, moralist, enforcer, and observer. Our study supports the importance of certain social roles (e.g., connector) previously highlighted by several case study analyses. However, using qualitative comparative analysis we found that none of the individual roles was sufficient for groups to succeed, i.e., to reach a certain level of group production. Instead, we found that a combination of at least five roles was necessary for success. In addition, in the context of upstream-downstream asymmetry, we observed a pattern in which social roles assumed by participants tended to differ by their positions. Although our work generated some interesting insights, further research is needed to determine how robust our findings are to different action situations, such as biophysical context, social network, and resource uncertainty.
Regional Production Adjustment to Import Competition: Evidence from the French Agro‐Industry

This paper evaluates the impact of increasing imports on the reallocation of agrifood production across regions within countries. From French data for the period 1995–2002, we show that regional agrifood production adjusts differently to increasing imports according to the region where the agrifood firms are located. Even though proximity to consumers is important, an increase in agrifood imports does not increase agrifood production with a high demand but makes low-wage regions more attractive. In addition, an increase in imports of agricultural products processed by agrifood firms leads to the reallocation of agrifood production away from regions with good agricultural access and toward those with limited access to agricultural products.
The Size Distribution of Dust toward HD 210121 as Determined from Extinction

Several observations suggest that the molecular cloud toward HD 210121 contains an enhanced relative abundance of small dust grains. In particular, the value of the ratio of total-to-selective extinction (RV) is unusually low. In this paper, we estimate the size distribution of dust grains in this line of sight from the extinction curve observed in the near-infrared through the ultraviolet. We use the maximum entropy method (MEM) to find the smoothest possible size distribution consistent within a χ2 confidence level fit to the extinction data. While MEM has been shown to be a powerful tool in modeling average extinction curves, we show in this paper that MEM can also be a useful technique in modeling individual lines of sight that differ significantly from Galactic averages. We review existing data for HD 210121 and calculate the dust-to-gas ratio in order to constrain the amount of material used in the grain model. We present size distributions for both two-component models of silicate and graphite and three-component models that include amorphous carbon. We compare HD 210121 with the average diffuse interstellar medium and with three other high-latitude lines of sight. The grain-size distribution toward HD 210121 contains a relative excess of grains with radius a < 0.1 μm as well as a relative deficiency of grains with radius a > 0.1 μm as compared with the average diffuse interstellar medium and other clouds at high latitude.