Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Demographic Factor of Energy Consumption in Saudi Arabia

Over the past three decades, Saudi Arabia, one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of crude oil, has witnessed rapid growth in both its population and domestic energy consumption. Thanks to the combination of an improving life expectancy, a continued influx of immigrants, and a relatively high fertility rate, the demographics of the kingdom is characterized by a rapid expansion in overall size and an age structure that is increasingly concentrated on the prime working ages. It is widely believed that such dramatic changes in the size and structure of the population has been one of the main contributors to the fast growing energy use in the kingdom, which now consumes slightly more than 30% of total domestic oil production. Since Saudi Arabia is still reliant on revenues from oil exports, and rising domestic use compromises the kingdom’s ability to export to the international market, it is imperative for policymakers and other stakeholders to understand the effects of the changing demographic characteristics on energy consumption in order to make relevant decisions. The main purpose of this research is to investigate how demographic factors, such as population size, age structure and urbanization, jointly determines energy consumption with other factors including income, price and climate in Saudi Arabia. Residential electricity consumption is the main object of analysis, since it directly reflects the changing energy demand as a consequence of the population dynamics, and because it constitutes the largest part of total electricity use while growing more than twice as fast as total energy consumption in the past thirty years.
Activities and Materials for Implementing Adapted Versions of Reciprocal Teaching in Beginning, Intermediate, and Advanced Levels of Instruction in English, Spanish, and French as a Second/Foreign Language.

Reciprocal teaching, a method of teaching first language reading comprehension, is ey.plained and three distinct applications of the method and materials in second language instruction are described. Reciprocal teaching is viewed as a three-level hierarchy of components and strategies, reflected in the organization of materials and activities. The first section describes the original version of reciprocal teaching theory and research, presents a rationale for adapting original activities and materials for second language instruction, presents two hypotheses emerging from use of the technique in second language classrooms, and offers teachers suggestions for their own classroom use. The next two sections present activities and materials designed to develop the components at the first and second levels of the hierarchy, respectively. At the first level these include: using multiple labels for concepts; producing superordinate terms; and deleting unimportant facts. At the second level, it includes: identifying topic sentences; paraphrasing; and inventing topic sentences. Section four presents three examples of adaptations of the method in: (I) three intermediate Spanish classes, (2) a pull-out remedial class, and (3) teacher training. Materials used in the three applications are appended. (MSE) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** ACTIVITIES AND MATERIALS FOR IMPLEMENTING ADAPTED VERSIONS OF RECIPROCAL TEACHING IN BEGINNING, INTERMEDIATE, AND ADVANCED LEVET ,S OF INSTRUCTION IN ENGLISH, SPANISH, AND FRENCH AS A SECOND/FOREIGN LANGUAGE Carol Hosenfeld, Isabel Cavour, David Bonk, Leslie Baker, and Michelle Alcorn State University of New York at Buffalo -PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY (. Y" CA TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) FOu's document has been reproduced as recewed from the person or organtzation orvnafing fl Mtnor changes have been made to improve reDrOduction Cruahty Pornts ot view or otantOns stated in ! Ms doCu. ment dO not necessartly represent offfoal OERI pos.hon or pacy Running head: MATERIALS FOR ADAPTATIONS OF RECIPROCAL TEACHING
Efficient Secure Communication in VANETs under the Presence of new Requirements Emerging from Advanced Attacks

Vehicular ad-hoc networks are of high interest in both research and practice. They promise to enable realization of future safety critical advanced driver assistance systems, which help to increase safety of driving. Security and privacy of participants of such networks are core points of concern, due to wireless data exchange (often called car-to-X communication), which enables attacks even with only low effort spent. Hence, a security system dedicated to car-to-X communication has been developed. However, this work shows that significant overhead is caused by the existing solution. Moreover, several weaknesses leading to advanced attacks compromising system security are found and evaluated. Based on these findings, a set of extra requirements for realization of security systems for vehicular ad-hoc networks is determined. Approaches for extending European and US systems being currently standardized are proposed and evaluated, which make such systems conform to the newly identified requirements. Additionally, crosslayer design weaknesses interfering with security functionality are identified and proposals to overcome them are provided.
Assimilating Soil Moisture Retrieved from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Data into WOFOST Model to Improve Winter Wheat Yield Estimation

Crop yield estimation at a regional scale over a long period of time is of great significance to food security. In past decades, the integration of remote sensing observations and crop growth models has been recognized as a promising approach for crop growth monitoring and yield estimation. Optical remote sensing data are susceptible to cloud and rain, while synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can penetrate through clouds and has all-weather capabilities. This allows for more reliable and consistent crop monitoring and yield estimation in terms of radar sensor data. The aim of this study is to improve the accuracy for winter wheat yield estimation by assimilating time series soil moisture images, which are retrieved by a water cloud model using SAR and optical data as input, into the crop model. In this study, SAR images were acquired by C-band SAR sensors boarded on Sentinel-1 satellites and optical images were obtained from a Sentinel-2 multi-spectral instrument (MSI) for Hengshui city of Hebei province in China. Remote sensing data and ground data were all collected during the main growing season of winter wheat. Both the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), derived from Sentinel-2, and backscattering coefficients and polarimetric indicators, computed from Sentinel-1, were used in the water cloud model to derive time series soil moisture (SM) images. To improve the prediction of crop yields at the field scale, we incorporated remotely sensed soil moisture into the World Food Studies (WOFOST) model using the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) algorithm. In general, the trend of soil moisture inversion was consistent with the ground measurements, with the coefficient of determination (R2) equal to 0.45, 0.53, and 0.49, respectively, and RMSE was 9.16%, 7.43%, and 8.53%, respectively, for three observation dates. The winter wheat yield estimation results showed that the assimilation of remotely sensed soil moisture improved the correlation of observed and simulated yields (R2 = 0.35; RMSE =934 kg/ha) compared to the situation without data assimilation (R2 = 0.21; RMSE = 1330 kg/ha). Consequently, the results of this study demonstrated the potential and usefulness of assimilating SM retrieved from both Sentinel-1 C-band SAR and Sentinel-2 MSI optical remote sensing data into WOFOST model for winter wheat yield estimation and could also provide a reference for crop yield estimation with data assimilation for other crop types.
Liberalized harvest regulations have not affected overabundant Snow Geese in Northern Manitoba

ABSTRACT Large amounts of money are spent each year to control overabundant species that imperil biodiversity and ecosystem functioning across the globe. Lesser Snow Geese (Anser caerulescens caerulescens) are emblematic of this issue, as their overabundance has affected a whole suite of plant, insect, and bird communities via a trophic cascade that managers have attempted to stop before it spreads further across the North American (sub)Arctic. To achieve this goal, liberalized harvest measures designed to decrease Lesser Snow Goose survival and abundance were implemented almost 2 decades ago. Our previous quantitative assessment of management effectiveness indicated that the growing Lesser Snow Goose population quickly overwhelmed a satiated hunter population despite liberalized harvest regulations, eventually reducing the fraction of Lesser Snow Geese being harvested each year. Consistent with the philosophy of adaptive resource management, we apply improved methods to additional years of monitoring data to evaluate the ongoing impact of harvest conservation efforts on Lesser Snow Goose harvest rates. Our previous results suggested little effect of liberalized harvest regulations on harvest rates, but our new findings suggest even less of an impact. Harvest rates have recently stabilized at ∼3%, the lowest levels observed over the last 48 yr of our study. Barring adverse effects of environmental change on natural mortality or reproductive success, additional measures will need to be taken to reduce Lesser Snow Goose overabundance and their ecosystem damage.
Jurnal Teknologi Transfering Data from a Server to an Android Mobile Application : A Case Study

Nowadays, due to the incredible grow of the mobile devices market, when we want to implement a clientserver applications we must consider mobile devices limitations. In this paper we discuss which can be the more reliable and fast way to exchange information between a server and an Android mobile application. This is an important issue because with a responsive application the user experience is more enjoyable. In this paper we present a study that test and evaluate two data transfer protocols, socket and HTTP, and three data serialization formats (XML, JSON and Protocol Buffers) using different environments and mobile devices to realize which is the most practical and fast to use.
Non-traditional processes in higher education in engineering: a conceptual mapping

Study of the adoption of non-traditional tools as support for Higher Education curricula in Electrical Engineering and Computers. We highlight the use of blended-learning, interactive and remote virtual laboratories, computer simulation, and methodologies, such as Active Learning and Problem Based Learning and their applications in the curricular units of the course. The study is a literature review with the systematization and presentation of the findings through a conceptual map. We concluded that the initiatives that have resorted to new technologies in engineering degrees, as well as reports of similar experiments on this topic, are reduced, not formalized in curricula, and ad hoc.
Variation in snow cover drives differences in soil properties and microbial biomass of BSCs in the Gurbantunggut Desert—3 years of snow manipulations

Variations in snow cover (as specific precipitation) can have an important effect on development of biological soil crusts (BSCs) in arid and semiarid regions, where water is the principal limiting factor for microorganisms. However, there is still limited knowledge available regarding the effects of snowfall on soil properties and microbial biomass in BSCs. To examine these effects of snow cover, three types of BSCs (cyanobacteria‐dominated, lichen‐dominated, and moss‐dominated crusts) were collected and exposed to five snow depths for 3 years. The results indicated that most of the soil properties and soil microbial biomass were significantly (p < .05) affected by 3 years of snow manipulation in three types of BSCs. In BSCs, the values of most soil properties and microbial biomass were higher in the increased snow depth treatments relative the snow removal treatments. Moreover, there were variations in soil properties and microbial biomass among BSC types. In short, increases/decreases in snow cover had different effects on three types of BSCs after 3 years of manipulation. Moreover, increases in snow cover had a positive influence on soil properties and microbial biomass, but negative effects were observed in all BSCs following snow removal and snow reduction. Thus, variations in snow cover can drive differences in soil properties and microbial biomass of BSCs, which may further affect development and succession of BSCs in arid and semiarid regions.
Development of Earthquake Vulnerability Functions and Risk Curves for Low and Mid-rise Hotel Buildings using a Performance-based Loss Estimation Framework

The concept of performance-based earthquake engineering has gained significant attentions in both the research and engineering communities. The development of a performance-based seismic loss assessment framework, known as the FEMA P-58 method, allows one to estimate the potential financial losses of a building using performance-based engineering method. This research employs a seismic loss estimation framework derived using the P-58 method to estimate the monetary loss of a mid-rise wood-frame hotel building which is assumed to be located in Napa Valley, California. A 3D structural model representative of the dynamic behavior of the wood-frame hotel was created and subjected to Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). The structural demands (peak inter-story drifts, peak floor accelerations etc.) obtained from the IDA were utilized in the developed loss estimation framework to assess losses of structural and non-structural components as well as content damages. Preliminary results such as the cumulative loss functions for given intensities and annual risk curve (annual exceedance probability versus monetary loss) are presented and discussed.
Climate vulnerability mapping: A systematic review and future prospects

Maps synthesizing climate, biophysical and socioeconomic data have become part of the standard tool‐kit for communicating the risks of climate change to society. Vulnerability maps are used to direct attention to geographic areas where impacts on society are expected to be greatest and that may therefore require adaptation interventions. Under the Green Climate Fund and other bilateral climate adaptation funding mechanisms, donors are investing billions of dollars of adaptation funds, often with guidance from modeling results, visualized and communicated through maps and spatial decision support tools. This paper presents the results of a systematic review of 84 studies that map social vulnerability to climate impacts. These assessments are compiled by interdisciplinary teams of researchers, span many regions, range in scale from local to global, and vary in terms of frameworks, data, methods, and thematic foci. The goal is to identify common approaches to mapping, evaluate their strengths and limitations, and offer recommendations and future directions for the field. The systematic review finds some convergence around common frameworks developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, frequent use of linear index aggregation, and common approaches to the selection and use of climate and socioeconomic data. Further, it identifies limitations such as a lack of future climate and socioeconomic projections in many studies, insufficient characterization of uncertainty, challenges in map validation, and insufficient engagement with policy audiences for those studies that purport to be policy relevant. Finally, it provides recommendations for addressing the identified shortcomings.
An improved power network partition method based on response characteristics of reactive power sources

Based on the response characteristics, reactive power sources are divided into fast sources and slow sources. According to the thought of reactive power source buses partition and load buses merging, this paper proposed a power network secondary partition method based on the response characteristics of reactive power sources. Firstly, calculating the electrical distance based on the sensitivity of reactive power source buses with both fast sources and slow sources. Secondly, partitioning the power network by a hierarchical clustering method, and then merging the load buses. If the system response time is long enough, the slow sources can be regarded as same as the fast sources, so all reactive power sources are treated as fast sources. The partition results of reactive power source buses and load buses can be obtained in the same way, and this process is the secondary partition. Lastly, this method is verified by the IEEE 39-bus system and case results show it can improve economy and reliability of power network.
Modelling a Modern-like-pCO2 Warm Period (MIS KM5c) with Two Versions of IPSL AOGCM

Abstract. The mid-Piacenzian warm period (3.264 to 3.025 Ma) is the most recent geological period with a present-like atmospheric pCO2 exhibiting significant warming relative to present conditions. With the advanced understanding of the climate variability of this interval, a specific interglacial (marine isotope stage KM5c, MIS KM5c, 3.205 Ma) is selected for Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project phase 2 (PlioMIP 2) and updated boundary conditions are provided. In this study, we carried out series of experiments according to the design of PlioMIP2 with two versions of the IPSL Atmosphere-Ocean Coupled General Circulation Model (AOGCM) (IPSL-CM5A and IPSL-CM5A2). By comparing with PlioMIP 1 experiment, run with IPSL-CM5A, our results show that the simulated MIS KM5c climate presents enhanced warming in mid-to-high latitudes, especially in ocean regions. This warming can be attributed to the largely enhanced Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation caused by the high latitude seaway changes. The tier experiments, conducted with IPSL-CM5A2 (with faster computation scheme), show that besides the increased pCO2, both modified orography and reduced ice sheets contribute substantially in mid-to-high latitudes warming of MIS KM5c. When considering the pCO2 uncertainties, the warming pattern changes, our model response to the variation of pCO2 by &pm;50 ppmv is not symmetric in the surface air temperature, due to the non-linear response of the cryosphere (snow cover and sea ice extent). By analysing the Greenland Ice Sheet surface mass balance, we also demonstrate its vulnerability under both MIS KM5c and modern warm climate.
Pycnogonids (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) of Portofino, Ligurian Sea (North-Western Mediterranean Sea)

Abstract Pycnogonida collected monthly from September 2017 to August 2018 in the Portofino Marine Protected Area at 0–5 m depth were studied. A total of 499 specimens were collected, 457 of which were identified to species level. These were classified as belonging to 10 species: Achelia echinata*, Ascorhynchus castelli, Neotrygaeus communis*, Tanystylum conirostre*, Anoplodactylus angulatus, A. petiolatus, A. pygmaeus*, A. virescens, Callipallene phantoma and C. tiberi*. For five dominant species (those marked with an asterisk) the annual phenology was outlined. Four hundred and seventeen additional specimens, collected from the same area and depth range mainly during the 1970s and 1980s were identified to species level for completeness of information, leading to the addition of Pycnogonum pusillum and Endeis spinosa.
Modal characterization of structure and soil-structure interaction using accelerometric data of the french permanent network (RAP-RESIF): application to a french Indies structure in Basse-Pointe, Martinique

In the scope of seismic risk mitigation, a high school in French Indies was instrumented with accelerometric sensors in 2014. We lead and extensive analysis of the data recorded both earthquake and ambient vibrations. The analysis provides a modal characterization of the structure, the earthquake and noise recordings provide close results but the first longitudinal mode frequency differs which may indicate that earthquake data could trigger modes that are not seen by ambient vibration especially rocking of the foundations. Frequencies and modes shapes were used to up-date a numerical simulation of the building to be able to provide the dynamic behavior of the structure during strong ground motion. The comparison between observations and prediction indicate that the non-structural elements must be considered when compared to weak motion data. Accelerometric data ; modal analysis ; soil-structure interaction
Genetic consequences of long-term isolation for the last French population of Eryngium viviparum 1

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Genetic consequences of long-term isolation for the last French population of Eryngium viviparum 1 Pauline Rascle, Elodie Flaven, Frédéric Bioret, Sylvie Magnanon, Erwan Glemarec, Eric Imbert, Sébastien Gallet
A Configuration Theory Assessment of Marketing Organization Fit with Business Strategy and Its Relationship with Marketing Performance

Theory posits that organizing marketing activities in ways that fit the implementation requirements of a business's strategy enhances performance. However, conceptual and methodological problems make it difficult to empirically assess this proposition in the holistic way that it is theoretically framed. Drawing on configuration theory approaches in management, the authors address these problems by assessing marketing organization fit with business strategy as the degree to which a business's marketing organization differs from that of an empirically derived ideal profile that achieves superior performance by arranging marketing activities in a way that enables the implementation of a given strategy type. The authors suggest that marketing organization fit with strategic type is associated with marketing effectiveness in prospector, defender, and analyzer strategic types and with marketing efficiency in prospector and defender strategic types. The study demonstrates the utility of profile deviation approaches for strategic marketing theory development and testing.