Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VYU?ITÍ HPLC KE STANOVENÍ PRODUKTU EXPRESE GENU PRO MIKROBIÁLNÍ TYROSINDEKARBOXYLASU

The aim of this study was verification of the presence or absence of specific DNA sequences coding for tyrosine decarboxylase in the starter cultures used in the fermented sausages production and confirmation of the tyrosine decarboxylase gene expression by rapid HPLC analysis affording the expression product - tyramine. Genomic DNA from microorganisms used as starter cultures for production of fermented sausages was extracted with phenol. The DNA was used as a template for PCR identification in which a set of oligonucleotide primers based on tyrosine decarboxylase gene sequence was used. Two strains with high tyrosine decarboxylase activity were detected (Lactobacillus curvatus and Lactobacillus sake). The tyrosine decarboxylase gene expression of these two strains was analyzed by an optimized rapid HPLC method, which confirmed the presence of high concentrations of tyramine. The results show suitability of the described PCR and HPLC methods of screening starter cultures for the presence and expression of the above gene.
Critical considerations for the application of environmental DNA methods to detect aquatic species

Species detection using environmental DNA (eDNA) has tremendous potential for contributing to the understanding of the ecology and conservation of aquatic species. Detecting species using eDNA methods, rather than directly sampling the organisms, can reduce impacts on sensitive species and increase the power of field surveys for rare and elusive species. The sensitivity of eDNA methods, however, requires a heightened awareness and attention to quality assurance and quality control protocols. Additionally, the interpretation of eDNA data demands careful consideration of multiple factors. As eDNA methods have grown in application, diverse approaches have been implemented to address these issues. With interest in eDNA continuing to expand, supportive guidelines for undertaking eDNA studies are greatly needed. Environmental DNA researchers from around the world have collaborated to produce this set of guidelines and considerations for implementing eDNA methods to detect aquatic macroorganisms. Critical considerations for study design include preventing contamination in the field and the laboratory, choosing appropriate sample analysis methods, validating assays, testing for sample inhibition and following minimum reporting guidelines. Critical considerations for inference include temporal and spatial processes, limits of correlation of eDNA with abundance, uncertainty of positive and negative results, and potential sources of allochthonous DNA. We present a synthesis of knowledge at this stage for application of this new and powerful detection method.
Micropropagation of Typha Species

Three Typha species were micropropagated successfully using immature inflorescence segments as the explant. Plantlet production via organogenesis was optimum when the explants were first placed on LS medium + 5.0 mg°liter−1 2,4-D to initiate callus production, and after 9½ weeks the callus was recultured on LS + 1.0 mg°liter−1 benzyladenine (BA). Of three species tested, T. glauca produced callus and new shoots more readily than T. latifolia or T. angustifolia. As inflorescences matured, an increased level of an auxin-like plant growth regulator, picloram, was necessary for callus induction. Excision and separate culture of green “spots” or clumps that formed on the calli enhanced shoot regeneration from the callus. Chemical names used: (2,4-dichorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) and A-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (BA).
An Indirect Matrix Converter Fed Linear Induction Motor Drive by Considering Time-Varying Parameters

Received: 23 May 2020 Accepted: 6 August 2020 An indirect matrix converter fed linear induction motor drive by considering timevarying parameters is presented in this paper. The operation and closed-loop control of the LIM is difficult due to its continuous time-varying parameters such as an air gap flux, end effect, saturation, and iron loss. Hence, the accurate mathematical model is required by considering all these effects. In this paper, the LIM is modeled by splitting the flux and current into two components, and the end and saturation effects are also considered. The indirect vector control of SLIM requires the AC to DC and DC to AC with a large capacitor. This large capacitor creates limitations such as the size of the converter increases, the life of converter decreases, and bidirectional power flow is not possible. These limitations are overcome by using direct AC to AC converter is called a matrix converter. In this paper, the indirect matrix converter is used in the indirect vector control technique in place of AC to DC and DC to AC converter. The indirect matrix converter is controlled with space vector modulation. The transient and steadystate performance of LIM, such as Thrust force, velocity, and matrix converter output voltage, input, and output currents, virtual DC link voltage, and Total Harmonics Distraction of currents are verified through using Matlab. The obtained simulation results are verified by an experimental setup with Dspace DS1104 kit.
Performance Evaluation of Word Frequency Count in Hadoop Environment

:Big data has become one of the most important paradigm in scientific computing and business analytics. Hadoop MapReduce is the modern tool to analyze the volume of data by Giga bytes, Tera Bytes, Peta Bytes, Zeta Bytes and so on. The research objective of this study is to measure the execution time on different sizes of text files by performing a simple MapReduce simulation on the Word count program which is very popular in the Big data arena. Also an improved version of the Word count program has been designed and simulated using the same set of text files. A comparative analytical study of both the methods has been carried out and critically reviewed along with the sequential version of the Word count program.
Overcoming and preventing bacterial resistance to antibiotics : the development and characterization of novel RNA polymerase and PqsD inhibitors

The bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) is a validated target for broad spectrum antibiotics. However, the efficiency of drugs is reduced by resistance. To discover novel RNAP inhibitors, a pharmacophore based on the alignment of described inhibitors was used for virtual screening. In an optimization process of hit compounds, novel derivatives with improved in vitro potency were discovered. Investigations concerning the molecular mechanism of RNAP inhibition reveal that they prevent the proteinprotein interaction (PPI) between σ and the RNAP core enzyme. Besides of reducing RNA formation, the inhibitors were shown to interfere with bacterial lipid biosynthesis. The compounds were active against Gram-positive pathogens and revealed significantly lower resistance frequencies compared to clinically used rifampicin.
Effects of Chemicals on Microorganisms

ALGAE AND CYANOBACTERIA The effect of chlorate on growth and nitrate reductase activity in Dunaliella tertiolecta and Nitzschia closterium was investigated (Stauber, 1998). Results indicated that chlorate is toxic to marine microalgae, particularly in nitrate limited waters. Rai et al. (1998) examined the effect of pH on the toxicity of AlCl3, AlF3, NaF and AlCl3 + NaF on growth, nutrient uptake, photosynthesis, photosynthetic electron transport, enzymes of nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism and ATPase activity of Chlorella vulgaris. Lupi et al. (1998) examined the impact of light intensity on copper toxicity to C. vulgaris. Results indicated that higher light intensity elicits lethal or sublethal Cu 2+ damage at concentrations lower than the threshold level for damage at lower light intensities. Mehta and Gaur (1999) reported that exposure of C. vulgaris to elevated concentrations of copper, chromium, nickel and zinc led to intracellular accumulation of high concentrations of these metals. The greater the toxicity or accumulation of a metal, the greater the amount of intracellular proline in algal cells. Lam et al. (1999) examined the individual and combined effects of cadmium and copper on the growth response of C. vulgaris. The effects of pH alone, and in combination with copper were also evaluated. Rousch and Sommerfeld (1999) utilized two species of a filamentous green alga (Ulothrix) common in streams receiving acid mine drainage to determine if pH or metal is more influential in algal distribution. They concluded that metal concentration may be
The importance of parent host status for hybrid susceptibility to herbivores: A test with two hybrid lines of willows

We tested how the status of the parent taxa, host or non-host, influences the resistance of F1 hybrids to herbivores. To do this we used two different hybrid lines. Hand pollination was used to produce pure individuals and F1 hybrids between Salix caprea and S. repens, and S. caprea and S. aurita. Leaves from these individuals were presented to adults of two chrysomelid species, Lochmaea caprea and Crepidodera fulvicornis, in multiple-choice preference tests. Lochmaea caprea showed an additive response: its level of grazing of the F1 hybrids of S. caprea (host) and S. repens (non-host) was mid-way between that of the parent species. This was consistent with the inheritance pattern of condensed tannins in hybrids. This suggests an additive inheritance of resistant traits and a linear (dose dependent) response by the herbivore. When both parent taxa (S. caprea and S. aurita) were hosts, L. caprea utilization did not differ between any of the plant categories (F1 hybrids and parents). Crepidodera fulvicornis exhibited a dominant response towards the susceptible parent for the S. caprea ¥ S. repens crosses and a dominant response towards the resistant parent for S. caprea ¥ S. aurita crosses. This indicates that C. fulvicornis might respond to changes in resistant trait at specific thresholds. Our results suggest that different herbivores, even those with a similar host plants range, differ in their response to hybrids. One way to gain knowledge of the proximate and ultimate explanations for these differences could be to compare the response of different herbivores to different distinct hybrid lines.
Site-directed Mutagenesis of the PsaC Subunit of Photosystem I FB IS THE CLUSTER INTERACTING WITH SOLUBLE FERREDOXIN*

The two [4Fe-4S] clusters FAand FB are the terminal electron acceptors of photosystem I (PSI) that are bound by the stromal subunit PsaC. Soluble ferredoxin (Fd) binds to PSI via electrostatic interactions and is reduced by the outermost iron-sulfur cluster of PsaC. We have generated six site-directed mutants of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in which residues located close to the iron-sulfur clusters of PsaC are changed. The acidic residues Asp9 and Glu46, which are located one residue upstream of the first cysteine liganding cluster FB and FA, respectively, were changed to a neutral or a basic amino acid. Although Fd reduction is not affected by the E46Q and E46K mutations, a slight increase of Fd affinity (from 1.3to 2-fold) was observed by flash absorption spectroscopy for the D9N and D9K mutant PSI complexes. In the FA2 triple mutant (V49I/K52T/R53Q), modification of residues located next to the FA cluster leads to partial destabilization of the PSI complex. The electron paramagnetic resonance properties of cluster FA are affected, and a 3-fold decrease of Fd affinity is observed. The introduction of [. ] FISCHER, Nicolas, SÉTIF, Pierre, ROCHAIX, Jean-David. Site-directed Mutagenesis of the PsaC Subunit of Photosystem I: F B is the Cluster Interacting with Soluble Ferredoxin. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1999, vol. 274, no. 33, p. 23333-23340 DOI : 10.1074/jbc.274. 33.23333
Colour Image Segmentation Using K-Means, Fuzzy C-Means and Density Based Clustering

Image is information which has to be processed effectively. Segmentation, partitions the image into multiple segments. Image segmentation assigns label to every pixel in an image such that pixels with the same label share certain visual characteristic. Clustering is one of the methods used for segmentation. The objective of this paper is to compare the performance of various segmentation techniques for colour images. K-Means, Fuzzy C-Means and Density Based clustering techniques are compared for their performance in segmentation of colour images.
Research progress of inorganic halide cesium lead perovskite quantum dots

In recent years, inorganic halide perovskite quantum dots have been widely used in various fields due to their excellent luminescence properties and electrical properties. In this paper, the crystal structure and composition of inorganic cesium halide lead perovskite are introduced firstly. Secondly, different preparation methods of these nanomaterials are summarized. Then, according to the excellent photochemical and electrochemical properties of inorganic cesium halide lead perovskite nanomaterials, the application progress in the corresponding fields of fluorescence analysis and detection, and photoelectric field is summarized. At the end of this paper, the problems of poor stability and certain toxicity of this kind of nanomaterials are briefly described, and the future application prospect of inorganic cesium halide lead perovskite quantum dots is prospected.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF LOCOMOTION TO DIFFERENTIAL PREDATION ON PSEUDACRIS TRISERIATA

Laboratory experiments, using the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis as predator and the chorus frog Pseudacris triseriata as prey, show that metamorphosing anurans are captured more frequently by T. sirtalis than either premetamorphic tadpoles or postmetamorphic frogs. Stomach contents of wild-caught Thamnophis have similarly revealed more anuran prey in transformation than at earlier or later stages. The high susceptibility of transforming Pseudacris to snake predation appears to be a direct consequence of a body form not conducive to effective locomotion. The sustained swimming ability of premetamorphic and metamorphic P. triseriata was examined in the laboratory. It was found that until the eruption of the forelimbs, the larger a tadpole is, the longer it can maintain its position in a steady current. The length of the tail appears to be a positive factor in sustained swimming. Large hindlimbs do not appear to assist swimming and may increase drag. Tadpoles that have begun to metamorphose (forelimbs visible) demonstrate a greatly diminished ability to hold their position in a current. The maximum jumping distance of metamorphic and postmetamorphic P. triseriata was also examined in the laboratory. Individuals which have just begun to metamorphose cannot hop as far as individuals which have advanced through metamorphosis and lost their tails. Amputation of the tails from early metamorphic individuals demonstrates the retarding role that the tail has on saltatory locomotion. Additional features, such as maturation of the anterior appendages, may also account for an increased jumping ability observed in P. triseriata as they progress through metamorphosis. Anurans spend a disproportionately short time in metamorphic transformation. The rapidity of this transformation appears to be an adaptation minimizing the amount of time anurans spend in this most vulnerable form.
Population Genetics of Increased Hybrid Performance between Two Maize Populations under Reciprocal Recurrent Selection

Heterosis, the superiority in one or more characteristics of crossbred organisms relative to their inbred parents, is the basis of the modern cultivars utilized in maize (Zed mays L.). Heterosis is of interest in nondomesticated species due to its relevance to the question "how much polymorphism is maintained in natural populations due to selection? " (Berger, 1976). For maize and certain other domesticated species that employ inbred lines to produce commercial hybrids, knowledge of the mechanisms of gene action producing heterosis could contribute to advances in breeding techniques. Disciplines Agricultural Science | Agronomy and Crop Sciences | Plant Breeding and Genetics Comments This proceeding was published as Labate, J. A. , K. R. Lamkey, M. Lee, and W. L. Woodman. 1999. Population genetics of increased hybrid performance between two maize populations under reciprocal recurrent selection. p. 127-137. In: J.G. Coors and S. Pandey (ed.) Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Genetics and Exploitation of Heterosis in Crops, CIMMYT, Mexico City, Mexico, 17-22 Aug. 1997. Rights Works produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. This conference proceeding is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/agron_conf/64
A de novo Genome of a Chinese Radish Cultivar

Abstract Here, we report a high-quality draft genome of a Chinese radish ( Raphanus sativus ) cultivar. This draft contains 387.73 Mb of assembled scaffolds, 83.93% of the scaffolds were anchored onto nine pseudochromosomes and 95.09% of 43 240 protein-coding genes were functionally annotated. 184.75 Mb (47.65%) of repeat sequences was identified in the assembled genome. By comparative analyses of the radish genome against 10 other plant genomes, 2 275 genes in 780 gene families were found unique to R. sativus . This genome is a good reference for genomic study and of great value for genetic improvement of radish.
Nutrients induce and herbivores maintain thallus toughness, a structural anti-herbivory defense in Turbinaria ornata

The loss of coral cover, frequently driven by anthropogenic disturbances, can result in a phase shift to dominance by fleshy macroalgae, many of which contain anti-herbivore defenses. Using field surveys, a mesocosm experiment, and field experiments, we evaluated whether 2 human impacts — nutrient enrichment and reduction in herbivory — affected production and maintenance of thallus toughness, a physical defense of the brown macroalga Turbinaria ornata that has recently expanded across the South Pacific. In contrast to our expectations, there was a weak negative relationship between herbivorous fish abundance and thallus toughness. This relationship was driven by greater toughness in algae collected at the more eutrophic sites, which also had lower herbivore abundances. A mesocosm experiment confirmed a positive relationship between nutrients and thallus toughness with no measurable cost to growth. Mechanical damage simulating herbivory maintained thallus toughness in cages, with a significant trade-off in growth. In addition, reduction of herbivory through caging in a transplant experiment resulted in a reduction in thallus toughness; however there was no measurable benefit to growth, possibly due to a concurrent change in environmental context from the transplant. While reduction in herbivory via overfishing allows this alga to trade energy normally spent on defense for increase growth, nutrient enrichment provides T. ornata with additional resources to increase defenses. As anthropogenic impacts become increasingly prominent in coral reef systems, it is critical that we understand the processes that may facilitate the expansion and dominance of coral reef algae, especially those with inducible anti-herbivore defenses.
Draft An enhanced chemo-enzymatic method for loading substrates onto carrier protein domains

Journal: Biochemistry and Cell Biology Manuscript ID bcb-2017-0275.R1 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the Author: 23-Nov-2017 Complete List of Authors: Kittilä, Tiia; Max-Planck-Institut fur medizinische Forschung, Biomolecular Mechanisms Cryle, Max J.; Monash University School of Biomedical Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Max-Planck-Institut fur medizinische Forschung, Biomolecular Mechanisms Is the invited manuscript for consideration in a Special Issue? : N/A
Genetic diversity and population structure of ginseng in China based on RAPD analysis

Abstract Population genetic diversity was estimated from forty-four individual ginseng (Panax ginsengC.A. Meyer) plants collected from seven geographical populations located in Heilongjiang, Liaoning, and Jilin Provinces of China as well as the People’s Republic of Korea by using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Overall, 41 polymorphic loci were amplified using ten primer pairs. The polymorphism percentage ranged from 50% to 100% among seven local populations of ginseng, indicating that there is plentiful genetic diversity in wild ginseng populations. The genetic diversity at the species level was higher than that at the population level. Variance analysis showed that there was a significant difference among populations in genetic diversity. The genetic differentiation coefficient (i.e., FST) indicates that 43% of the variation occurred among populations, which indicates that substantial genetic differentiation occurred among populations. At the same time, the measured value of gene flow (Nm) was 0.66 based on the observed genetic differentiation coefficient among populations, suggesting there was moderate gene flow among populations.
Global patterns in the effects of predator declines on sea urchins

Latitudinal gradients in the strength of biotic interactions have long been proposed, but empirical evidence for the expectation of more intense predation, herbivory and competition at low latitudes has been mixed. Here, we use a meta-analysis to test the prediction that predation pressure on sea urchins, a group of consumers with a particularly strong influence on community structure in the world's oceans, is strongest in the tropics. We then examine which biotic and abiotic factors best correlate with biogeographic and within habitat patterns in sea urchin responses to predation. Consistent with expectations, predator impacts on sea urchins were highest in tropical coral reefs and decreased towards the poles in rocky reef habitats (>25° absolute latitude). However, latitude and temperature were weakly correlated with effect sizes, and the strongest predictor of predator impacts was sea urchin species. This suggests an important role of prey identity (i.e. traits including behaviour, physical, and chemical defences) rather than large scale abiotic factors in determining variation in interaction strengths. Ecosystem-shaping sea urchins such as Tripneustes gratilla, Diadema savignyi and Centrostephanus rodgersii were strongly impacted by consumers, indicating a tight coupling between predators of these species and their boom and bust prey. Anthropogenic activities such as over-fishing, climate change and habitat destruction are causing rapid environmental change, and understanding how predation pressure varies with temperature, across habitats and among prey species, will aid in predicting the likelihood of ecosystem wide effects (via trophic cascades). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
A Simple Low Volume Laboratory Research Spray System

Commercially available cabinet sprayers are not well suited for making low volume applications (<30 L/ha) of herbicides to woody forest species that can be up to 1.5 m tall. A simple, inexpensive laboratory sprayer that overcomes some limitations of commercial cabinet sprays can be built from materials readily available at local building and electronic suppliers. The only specialized equipment required is a positive displacement pump and a rotary disk atomizer. The atomizer is attached to the end of a variable height arm mounted on a laboratory cart. A positive displacement pump ensures controlled flow. The operator pushes the cart along a metal rub rail which keeps the cart tracking in a straight line. Travel speed is regulated by the operator following a marker on a clothesline-like loop of fishing line and is driven by a variable-speed drill attached to a variable voltage power supply.