Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Innovation in organizations having founder's syndrome

The founder’s syndrome is considered a management weakness and leadership dis- order affecting every entrepreneur envisioning and planning a long-term journey for his/her established business. The challenge, with expanding companies, is that the big- ger they become, the more re-organization they require through re-design, processes re-engineering, restructuring, reforming corporate governance structure and more innovation plans and strategies they would need to withhold the complexities and un-certainties of their external environments they are exposed to. Therefore, re-organizing growing businesses can become very difficult if the decision-making process remains caught at the upper level of hierarchy. The major risk factor in a business-growing journey is to be confronted with the founder’s syndrome. A growing company led by an entrepreneur suffering from the founder’s syndrome who is afraid to let go and resist organizational re-alignment, development of strategies and introduction of advanced management systems, can never survive the complex external environmental challenges due to the excessive lack of innovation. Business innovation in complex and uncertain environments requires innovative strategy setting which, if applied, should be complemented by a re-organizational structure and design compatible with the roadmap of strategy innovation. In fact, to support and stand for innovation, the business corporate leadership culture should not be contaminated with the effect of founder’s syndrome. On the contrary, the founder should have enough creativity and empowerment skills to accept the compromise of power and control with more open communication and information sharing combined with lean orga- nizational design, to facilitate and encourage innovation for an extended long term organizational survival.
Market integration and disintegration of Poland and Gemany [ Germany ] in the 18 th century

Was the 18 century a time period of gradual market integration? Or did the wars, famines, and criminality drive central European markets away from each other? We perform cointegration tests between four German and three Polish cities for rye markets in the 18 century, plus selected tests with other grains. We confirm earlier findings that Gdańsk was very well-connected. In a dynamic analysis between the early and the late 18 century we find that integration decreased considerably between German and Polish cities. At the same time Polish grain markets appear to disintegrate as well.
Stellar population effects on the inferred photon density at reionization

The relationship between stellar populations and the ionizing flux with which they irradiate their surroundings has profound implications for the evolution of the intergalactic medium (IGM). We quantify the ionizing flux arising from synthetic stellar populations which incorporate the evolution of interacting binary stars. We determine that these show ionizing flux boosted by 60 per cent at 0.05 ≤ Z ≤ 0.3 Z⊙ and a more modest 10–20 per cent at near-solar metallicities relative to star-forming populations in which stars evolve in isolation. The relation of ionizing flux to observables such as 1500 A continuum and ultraviolet spectral slope is sensitive to attributes of the stellar population including age, star formation history and initial mass function (IMF). For a galaxy forming 1 M⊙ yr−1, observed at >100 Myr after the onset of star formation, we predict a production rate of photons capable of ionizing hydrogen, Nion = 1.4 × 1053 s−1 at Z = Z⊙ and 3.5 × 1053 s−1 at 0.1 Z⊙, assuming a Salpeter-like IMF. We evaluate the impact of these issues on the ionization of the IGM, finding that the known galaxy populations can maintain the ionization state of the Universe back to z ∼ 9, assuming that their luminosity functions continue to MUV = −10, and that constraints on the IGM at z ∼ 2–5 can be satisfied with modest Lyman-continuum photon escape fractions of 4–24 per cent depending on assumed metallicity.
The Social Shaping of Internet Based Information Systems in Global Organizations: An Interpretive Study

This paper examines multiple interpretations organizational members have of Internet-based information systems (IS) by carrying out an interpretive investigation into the evolution of such systems in a large organization. The findings indicate that exploring interpretive schemes relating to the nature and application of Internet-based IS offers a better understanding of the choices made regarding the design and use of Internet-based IS. This paper illustrates that differences in the interpretive schemes of social groups may lead to differences in actions around Internet-based technologies and were also seen as a source of innovation. The implications of the findings for theory and practice are discussed.
Topological data analysis and diagnostics of compressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence

The predictions of mean-field electrodynamics can now be probed using direct numerical simulations of random flows and magnetic fields. When modelling astrophysical magnetohydrodynamics, it is important to verify that such simulations are in agreement with observations. One of the main challenges in this area is to identify robust quantitative measures to compare structures found in simulations with those inferred from astrophysical observations. A similar challenge is to compare quantitatively results from different simulations. Topological data analysis offers a range of techniques, including the Betti numbers and persistence diagrams, that can be used to facilitate such a comparison. After describing these tools, we first apply them to synthetic random fields and demonstrate that, when the data are standardized in a straightforward manner, some topological measures are insensitive to either large-scale trends or the resolution of the data. Focusing upon one particular astrophysical example, we apply topological data analysis to H iobservations of the turbulent interstellar medium (ISM) in the Milky Way and to recent magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the random, strongly compressible ISM. We stress that these topological techniques are generic and could be applied to any complex, multi-dimensional random field.
Testing the Rational Expectations Competitive Storage Hypothesis

A large number of low-income less-developed countries are dependent on just a few primary commodities for their export earnings. Reliance on primary commodities is particularly hazardous given the extreme behaviour and poor visibility of commodity prices. Rational expectations competitive storage theory postulates that commodity prices are determined by expected futures prices, commodity stocks and the cost of carry. This paper uses a rich data set gathered primarily from the London Metal Exchange to test for the empirical application of the theory. In-sample analysis provides support for the theory whilst the out-of sample-results cast doubt concerning practical efficacy. JEL Classification: O1, O13, Q3, G1
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS AND USE OF THE INTERNET AS A NEWS CHANNEL Levi OBIJIOFOR, Ph.D.

New technologies, in particular the Internet, have transformed journalistic practices in many ways around the world. While a number of studies have investigated how established journalists are dealing with and using new technologies in a number of countries, very little attention has been paid to how student journalists view and use the Internet as a source of news. This study examined the ways in which second and third-year journalism and arts students at the University of Queensland (Australia) get their news, how they use the Internet as a news channel, as well as their perceptions and use of other new technologies. The authors draw on the theoretical frameworks of uses and gratifications, as well as the media richness theory to explore the primary reasons why students use and perceive the Internet as a news channel. KEYWORDS: Internet, New technologies, News, News source, University students, Australia
Estimating household responses to price reforms: trade, agricultural income and labor supply in Mexico

Economic reforms involving the agricultural sector, such as those being proposed in the WTO Doha Round negotiations, will affect household behavior in developing countries. This paper proposes an empirical methodology to assess the impacts of agricultural price reforms on household outcomes like consumption patterns, sources of income, labor supply, health outcomes, and educational decisions. The method uses an empirical model of demand to extract price information from unit values, and uses this information to estimate the response of households to price changes and price reforms. By correcting unit values for quality effects, the method overcomes the endogeneity and measurement error problems of using unit values as regressors. The methodology is applied to study the responses of household agricultural labor income and labor supply in rural Mexico. I find that higher prices of corn and fruits and vegetables, key goods produced in rural Mexico, significantly increase the agricultural wage income of rural Mexican households. Instead, corn prices do not seem to affect the labor market decision of young adults. It is shown that using unit values instead of prices may lead to inconsistent results, and that the corrections suggested in this paper may be empirically important. ∗Very preliminary note. Comments are welcome. The outstanding research assistance of Jorge Balat is greatly appreciated. I thank I. Brambilla, A. Deaton, P. Goldberg and G. Grossman for useful comments on an earlier version of this paper. I assume full responsibility for all the errors and omissions. Comments and suggestions are very much welcome. The views expressed here are my own and are not necessarily endorsed by the World Bank Group. †Correspondence: Guido Porto, MailStop MC3-303, The World Bank, 1818 H Street, Washington DC 20433. email: gporto@worldbank.org
Morphological Moments of Binary Images

Abstract. The concept of morphological moments of binary images is introduced. Morphological moments can be used as a shape descriptor combining an integral width description of an object with a description of its spatial distribution. The relationship between the proposed descriptor and the disc cover of the figure is discussed and an exact analytical method for descriptor calculation is proposed within the continuous morphology framework. The approach is based on the approximation of the shape by a polygonal figure and the extraction of its medial representation in the form of the continuous skeleton and the radial function. The proposed method for calculation of morphological moments achieves high accuracy and it is computationally efficient. Experimentations have been conducted. Obtained results indicate that the morphological moments are a more informative and rich shape descriptor than the area of the disc cover. Application of morphological moments to the font recognition task improves the recognition quality.
The Relationship between Parental Belief on Filial Piety and Child Psychosocial Adjustment among Malay Families

This study examines the relationship between parental belief on filial piety and child psychosocial adjustment among Malay families. The study sample comprised 108 mother-child dyads of Malay families from the central zone of Peninsular Malaysia. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. Parental belief was measured using Parental Belief Scale, while child psychosocial adjustment was measured using Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results showed that children whose parents believed in filial piety had significantly lower levels of total difficulties in behavioural, emotional symptoms, conduct problem, and hyperactivity or inattention. Findings implied that filial piety could be used as a positive measure of behavioural and emotional control of a child. Therefore, it is important for parents to nurture their children about filial piety expectations so as to provide them with moral education associated with positive psychosocial adjustment.
Intentional Learning as a Principle for ESL Writing Instruction: A Case Study.

This paper first discusses the principle of intentional learning then reports on a case study investigating the application of this principle to instruction in ESL writing. Twenty, young adult ESL students of engineering were asked to select goals for their writing development, to monitor their attempts to achieve these goals during writing tasks, and to assess their learning achievements. Data collected from students' reports, think-aloud protocols, and analyses of achievement in composition writing indicate that most learners were able to use this form of learning to make discernable achievements in their writing proficiency. The instructional design used to promote intentional learning in the ESL writing course is described. Implications for ESL instruction and theories of learning are discussed.
Demystifying the Effect of Narrow Reading on EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Recall and Retention

The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of narrow reading on English as foreign language (EFL) learners’ vocabulary recall and retention. To this end, 60 senior high school students studying at Tarbiyat High School in Mahshahr, Iran, were selected from four intact classes. The participants were then divided into two equal groups, experimental and control. Ten words which were unknown to the participants were selected as target words. The experimental group received thematically related passages while the control group was given reading passages of different topics. The immediate posttest was given to the participants two days after the treatment. Afterwards, two delayed posttests were administered with two week intervals. The scores were analyzed through two-way repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferroni pairwise comparisons, and independent samples -tests. The results revealed that the experimental group outperformed the control group in all posttests. The implications arising from the findings and suggestions for future research were explained.
Production and Characterization of Protein Hydrolyzate from "Bibisan Fish" (Apogon Albimaculosus) as an Indigenous Flavor by Enzymatic Hydrolysis

This study aimed to product and characterize the physico-chemical and functional properties of protein hydrolysate bibisan fish by enzymatic hydrolysis using enzyme of biduri and papain. The results of physical analysis show yield of protein hydrolysates from bibisan fish ranged from 13.542% to 18.165%. Colors on protein hydrolyzate of bibisan fish, indicating decreasing enzyme of biduri, so hydrolysate colors is increasingly not bright. Chemical analysis show low moisture content (9-10%) and least lipid (0.03%) content. Protein content of around (63-75%). Level of rancidity fish protein hydrolysate ranged from 0.19 mmol/kg to 0.23 mmol/kg. Value of fish hydrolyzate Maillard products at various concentrations around 0.54-0.74. DH increased with increasing hydrolysis time around 6.77 to 11.98%. The results of WHC, in water absorption from 89.01 to 103.32%. While most high oil absorption capacity range around 68.06-80.09%. Amide I and II bands of protein hydrolysate appeared at the wavenumber of 1654.81 and 1548.73/cm. N-H stretching band appeared at 3292/20 cm.
Sulfide detoxification and tolerance in Halicryptus spinulosus (Priapulida): a multiple strategy

The detoxificahon potential of Halicryptus spinulosus in the presence of sulfide was studied. The worms are able to cope with considerable amounts of sulfide. They benefit from several survival strategies for controlling sulfide dose and detoxifying sulfide that enters the body. When oxygen and sulfide occur concurrently in the environment sulfide can either initially b e excluded or internal concentration kept low by the animals. Non-toxic thlosulfate, the main detoxification product, accumulates up to 3856 f 997 pM in the hemolymph. Sulfide has an overriding influence on the aerobic metabolism and imposes anaerobiosis even though oxygen is available, i.e. sulfide-induced anaerobiosis. Succinate, an indicator of anaerobic metabolism, accumulates during persistent oxic sulfide incubation to 12.3 f 2.3 pm01 ml-' in hemolymph and to 3.0 2 1.3 pm01 g-' fresh mass in body wall after 10 d. During anoxic sulfide exposure, the animals make use of graded strateqes. Some sulfide is immobilised in an external barrier due to iron-sulfide formation. The iron-sulfide compound results in a conspicuous blackening of the animal and its blood. This blackemng is fully reversible upon receiving oxygen again. Detoxification to thiosulfate, depending on the oxygen storage capacity of the hemolymph, amounted to only a minor level, with a maximum of 172 f 49 WM in the hemolymph after l d of incubation. Sulfide also binds to a presently unknown hemolymphic factor. This binding may temporarily protect mitochondna, a main location of sulfide detoxification. The mitochondrial enzyme for aerobic metabolism, cytochrome c oxidase, is inhibited by low sulfide levels in vitro (K, 1.05 _t 0.22 PM), and has a much higher in vivo resistance in whole anlmals. Catalase, another sulfide sensitive enzyme, has a K, of ca 200 FM In vitro and is unaffected in vivo. Internal sulfide concentration in the hemolymph increases ca 3-fold (570 + 298pM) over external levels during long-tern~ exposure experiments with 200 pM sulfide. The survival in spite of such an elevated amount of internal sulfide accumulation is unprecedented for a marine invertebrate without endosymbionts. The worms can passively outlast raised environmental sulfide concentrations by their high capacity for anaerobic metabolism.
Shellfish beds Stock assessment Split-beam echosounder Angular information Haralick textural features Benthic habitat mapping

Management of shellfish resources requires a spatial approach where mapping is a key tool. Acoustic techniques have been rarely used to map infaunal organisms with a patchy distribution. We propose and test the use of splitbeam echosounder angular information to assess razor shell presence and relative density. Our statistical approach combines textural analysis of angular echograms, standard unsupervised multivariate methods and hierarchical classification through dendrograms to identify groups of locations with similar clam densities. The statistical analyses show that the classification is consistent with groundtruthing data and that results are insensitive to boat motion or seabed granulometry. The method developed here constitutes a promising tool for assessing the relative density of razor clam grounds.
Integrity and confidentiality for web application code execution in untrusted clients

The world-wide used web application services are crucial in today’s life style and economics. However, the lack of data and execution monitoring features in web applications lead to a point in which the server can no longer trust the executions done within the client-side device. To avoid risks, developers limit the execution in the client-side devices which increases the work done by the servers. In order to promote a trust relation, we propose a solution based on Intel’s SGX technology that would allow the server to delegate the execution of web application functions in the client-side device with strong security guarantees. In order to do so, we developed a prototype called SecureJS that, first, is able to interact with the web-page submitted by the server to make the delegated code reach the native application that can run a SGX enclave, and second, is able to run the delegated code within the enclave, which offers a secure and isolated execution environment. In addition, the solution also provides remote attestation for both the correctness of the code execution and the input and output data. The results show that the prototype increases the execution time compared to the actual state of art in JavaScript code execution, Google’s V8 engine. On the other hand, the memory usage is reduced in the server side compared to the usage of NodeJS and the delegated execution to the client-side device results in reasonable memory consumption. In conclusion, SecureJS can trigger a new area of possibilities within web application services by increasing the security guarantees and balancing the actual workload state.
Greening information management: final report

As the recent JISC report on ‘the ‘greening’ of ICT in education [1] highlights, the increasing reliance on ICT to underpin the business functions of higher education institutions has a heavy environmental impact, due mainly to the consumption of electricity to run computers and to cool data centres. While work is already under way to investigate how more energy efficient ICT can be introduced, to date there has been much less focus on the potential environmental benefits to be accrued from reducing the demand ‘at source’ through better data and information management. JISC thus commissioned the University of Strathclyde to undertake a study to gather evidence that establishes the efficacy of using information management options as components of Green ICT strategies within UK Higher Education environments, and to highlight existing practices which have the potential for wider replication.
CULTURE GUIDELINES TO IMPROVE EMPLOYEE ’ S SECURITY BEHAVIOR : A REVIEW OF EMPIRICAL STUDIES

This paper reviews Information Security Culture (ISC) studies published in six leading databases from year 2000 until 2016 to investigate empirical findings that could support the relationship between ISC and employee’s security behavior as well as to identify the findings that could be applied as guidelines to cultivate ISC in the organization. This review discovered that there is lack of comprehensive empirical studies have been done to provide sufficient empirical findings in supporting the relationship between ISC and security behavior. The approaches of the studies in terms of conceptualization and operationalization of ISC concept also limit the applicability of the findings to be used as the guidelines for ISC cultivation. This paper provides clear justifications on these issues and indicated a clear direction on the future of ISC research to be taken.
Pros and Cons of Curcumin as Bioactive Phyto-Compound for Effective Management of Insect Pests

Phyto-compounds as insecticides have expanded impetus in recent insect pest management programme owing to health hazards and perpetual toxicity of conservatively applied deleterious insecticides of diverse commercial brands. Turmeric plant produces fleshy rhizomes of bright yellow to orange color in its root system, which are the source of commercially available spice turmeric. Curcumin, a Phytochemical gives yellow colour to turmeric and is used for time immemorial for most of the remedial practices. Curcumin is also used as a spice in foods, as a dye for fleeces and as an ingredient in dietetic supplements. As root powder, turmeric is used for its flavoring properties as a spice, food preservative and food-coloring agent. Turmeric has a long history of soothing uses as it is accredited with a diversity of imperative valuable properties such as its antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and digestive properties respectively. The fresh juice, the aqueous extracts and the essential oil of the plant are endorsed with fascinating pesticidal properties against certain pests of agricultural importance as well as a perceptible repugnant activity against noxious mosquito species. Results have exposed a pleasurable impending potentiality of turmeric as a natural pesticide for achievable use in current crop protection and thus an exceedingly promising future towards this route, that is, the possibility of effective control of certain pests of agricultural importance with the use of turmeric products as an economical and more effective eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides which is by now put into practice.