Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enterprise Information Analysis: Cost-Benefit Analysis and the Data-Managed System

change in the data and information processing environment-a change in systems design and implementation from stand-alone, application-oriented systems, supporting primarily the operational and functional management levels, to data-base-oriented, datamanaged systems, supporting the total organization. This shift has made many of the "traditional" financial analysis techniques used to justify a proposed system inadequate. Although a management study team that is developing an information systems proposal can choose from a variety ofenterprise information analysis methodologies to assist them in the analysis of information needs, no such choice ofassociated (and generally accepted) disciplines or methodologies exists to support the financial justification ofwhat has been proposed in the study team report. This paper explores the problems associated with moving from a "traditional" (data processing) financial justification of a system that is based largely on measurable costs and benefits to a financial justification ofa system based largely on an assessment ofintangible costs and benefits, technological change, and risk and uncertainty. A taxonomy is provided which can be used to supplement the value analysis found in the Business Systems Planning methodology. Extensive references are included as a guide to supplementary reading.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Alburnus chalcoides aralensis

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome of Alburnus chalcoides aralensis is 16,604 bp in length and includes 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and 2 non-coding sequences. The major non-coding sequence (D-loop control region) contains five conserved sequence blocks (CSB-1, CSB-2, CSB-3, CSB-D and CSB-F) and one termination associated sequence. The other non-coding sequence is the origin of light-strand replication, which has the potential to fold into a stable stem-loop secondary structure. The mitochondrial genomic sequence will help us study the conservation genetics and evolution of Cyprinidae.
Duplication and selection in β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase gene lineages in the sexually deceptive Chiloglottis (Orchidaceace).

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The processes of gene duplication, followed by divergence and selection, probably underpin the evolution of floral volatiles crucial to plant-insect interactions. The Australian sexually deceptive Chiloglottis orchids use a class of 2,5-dialkylcyclohexan-1,3-dione volatiles or 'chiloglottones' to attract specific male wasp pollinators. Here, we explore the expression and evolution of fatty acid pathway genes implicated in chiloglottone biosynthesis. METHODS Both Chiloglottis seminuda and C. trapeziformis produce chiloglottone 1, but only the phylogenetically distinct C. seminuda produces this volatile from both the labellum callus and glandular sepal tips. Transcriptome sequencing and tissue-specific contrasts of the active and non-active floral tissues was performed. The effects of the fatty acid synthase inhibitor cerulenin on chiloglottone production were tested. Patterns of selection and gene evolution were investigated for fatty acid pathway genes. KEY RESULTS Tissue-specific differential expression of fatty acid pathway transcripts was evident between active and non-active floral tissues. Cerulenin significantly inhibits chiloglottone 1 production in the active tissues of C. seminuda. Phylogenetic analysis of plant β-ketoacyl synthase I (KASI), a protein involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, revealed two distinct clades, one of which is unique to the Orchidaceae (KASI-2B). Selection analysis indicated a strong signal of positive selection at the split of KASI-2B followed by relaxed purifying selection in the Chiloglottis clade. CONCLUSIONS By capitalizing on a phylogenetically distinct Chiloglottis from earlier studies, we show that the transcriptional and biochemical dynamics linked to chiloglottone biosynthesis in active tissues are conserved across Chiloglottis. A combination of tissue-specific expression and relaxed purifying selection operating at specific fatty acid pathway genes may hold the key to the evolution of chiloglottones.
Supramolecular Hybrid Material Based on Engineering Porphyrin Hosts for an Efficient Elimination of Lead(II) from Aquatic Medium

Porphyrins show great promise for future purification demands. This is largely due to their unique features as host binding molecules that can be modified at the synthetic level, and largely improved by their incorporation into inorganic based materials. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of a hybrid material obtained from the immobilization of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin on silica surface to remove Pb(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) ions from water. The new organic-inorganic hybrid adsorbent was fully characterized by adequate techniques and the results show that the hybrid exhibits good chemical and thermal stability. From batch assays, it was evaluated how the efficacy of the hybrid was affected by the pH, contact time, initial metal concentration, and temperature. The adsorption kinetic and isotherms showed to fit the recent developed fractal-like pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir–Freundlich model respectively. The highest adsorption capacities for Pb(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) ions were 187.36, 125.17, 82.45, and 56.23 mg g−1, respectively, at pH 6.0 and 25 °C. This study also shows that metal cations from real river water samples can be efficient removed in the presence of the new adsorbent material.
The mouse as a model of fundamental concepts related to Turner syndrome

Although XO mice do not show many of the overt phenotypic features of Turner syndrome (TS; 45,X or XO), mice and humans share different classes of genes on the X chromosome that are more or less likely to cause TS phenotypes. Based on the evolutionary history of the sex chromosomes, and the pattern of dosage balancing among sex chromosomal and autosomal genes in functional gene networks, it is possible to prioritize types of X genes for study as potential causes of features of TS. For example, X‐Y gene pairs are among the most interesting because of the convergent effects of X and Y genes that both are likely to prevent the effects of TS in XX and XY individuals. Many of the high‐priority genes are shared by mouse and human X chromosomes, but are easier to study in genetically tractable mouse models. Several mouse models, used primarily for the study of sex differences in physiology and disease, also produce XO mice that can be investigated to understand the effects of X monosomy. Using these models will lead to the identification of specific X genes that make a difference when present in one or two copies. These studies will help to achieve a better appreciation of the contribution of these specific X genes to the syndromic features of TS.
Touch in primary care consultations: qualitative investigation of doctors' and patients' perceptions.

BACKGROUND Good communication skills are integral to successful doctor-patient relationships. Communication may be verbal or non-verbal, and touch is a significant component, which has received little attention in the primary care literature. Touch may be procedural (part of a clinical task) or expressive (contact unrelated to a procedure/examination). AIM To explore GPs' and patients' experiences of using touch in consultations. DESIGN AND SETTING Qualitative study in urban and semi-rural areas of north-west England. METHOD Participating GPs recruited registered patients with whom they felt they had an ongoing relationship. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews and subjected to constant comparative qualitative analysis. RESULTS All participants described the importance of verbal and non-verbal communication in developing relationships. Expressive touch was suggested to improve communication quality by most GPs and all patients. GPs reported a lower threshold for using touch with older patients or those who were bereaved, and with patients of the same sex as themselves. All patient responders felt touch on the hand or forearm was appropriate. GPs described limits to using touch, with some responders rarely using anything other than procedural touch. In contrast, most patient responders believed expressive touch was acceptable, especially in situations of distress. All GP responders feared misinterpretation in their use of touch, but patients were keen that these concerns should not prevent doctors using expressive touch in consultations. CONCLUSION Expressive touch improves interactions between GPs and patients. Increased educational emphasis on the conscious use of expressive touch would enhance clinical communication and, hence, perhaps patient wellbeing and care.
Protein profiling of osteosarcoma tissue and soft callus unveils activation of the unfolded protein response pathway

Oncogenic drivers of osteosarcoma remain controversial due to the complexity of the genomic background of the disease. There are limited novel therapeutic options, and the survival rate of patients with osteosarcoma has not improved in decades. Genomic instability leads to complexity in various pathways, which is potentially revealed at the protein level. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the mechanisms involved in the oncogenesis of osteosarcoma using proteomics and bioinformatics tools. As clinical specimens from patients are the most relevant disease-related source, expression patterns of proteins in osteosarcoma tissues were compared with soft tissue callus from donors containing high numbers of osteoblastic cells. Two-dimensional electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) successfully identified 33 differentially expressed proteins in the osteosarcoma tissues compared with the soft tissue callus. Among these proteins, 29 proteins were significantly upregulated in osteosarcoma. A functionally grouped network of the overexpressed proteins, that was created using the ClueGo and CluePedia applications, demonstrated that the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway was activated mainly through the activating transcription factor 6 arm in osteosarcoma. The results of proteomics analysis were confirmed by elevated expression of UPR-related chaperone proteins, including 78 kDa glucose-related protein (GRP78), endoplasmin, calreticulin and prelamin-A/C, in the patient-derived primary cells and osteosarcoma cell lines. Furthermore, the expression of GRP78, a master regulator of the UPR, was enhanced in the osteosarcoma tissues of patients that were resistant to double regimen of doxorubicin and a platinum-based drug. The findings of the present study suggest that targeting the UPR pathway may be promising for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
Wisdom of the caregivers: pooling individual subjective reports to diagnose states of consciousness in brain-injured patients, a monocentric prospective study

Objectives The clinical distinction between vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) and minimally conscious state (MCS) is a key step to elaborate a prognosis and formulate an appropriate medical plan for any patient suffering from disorders of consciousness (DoC). However, this assessment is often challenging and may require specialised expertise. In this study, we hypothesised that pooling subjective reports of the level of consciousness of a given patient across several nursing staff members can be used to clinically detect MCS. Setting and participants Patients referred to consciousness assessment were prospectively screened. MCS (target condition) was defined according to the best Coma Recovery Scale-Revised score (CRS-R) obtained from expert physicians (reference standard). ‘DoC-feeling’ score was defined as the median of individual subjective reports pooled from multiple staff members during a week of hospitalisation (index test). Individual ratings were collected at the end of each shift using a 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale, blinded from the reference standard. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity metrics. Results 692 ratings performed by 83 nursing staff members were collected from 47 patients. Twenty patients were diagnosed with UWS and 27 with MCS. DoC-feeling scores obtained by pooling all individual ratings obtained for a given patient were significantly greater in patients with MCS than with UWS (59.2 mm (IQR: 27.3–77.3) vs 7.2 mm (IQR: 2.4–11.4); p<0.001) yielding an AUC of 0.92 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.99). Conclusions DoC-feeling capitalises on the expertise of nursing staff to evaluate patients’ consciousness. Together with the CRS-R as well as with brain imaging, DoC-feeling might improve diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of patients with DoC.
Does my pain affect your disgust? Cross‐modal influence of first‐hand aversive experiences in the appraisal of others’ facial expressions

Embodied models of social cognition argue that others’ affective states are processed by re‐enacting a sensory‐specific representation of the same state in the observer. However, neuroimaging studies suggest that a reliable part of the representation shared between self and others is supramodal and relates to dimensions such as Unpleasantness or arousal, common to qualitatively different experiences. Here we investigated whether representations of first‐hand pain and disgust influenced the subsequent evaluation of facial expressions in Modality‐specific fashion, or in terms of Unpleasantness or arousal.
Talimogene laherparepvec (T‐VEC) in advanced melanoma: complete response in a heart and kidney transplant patient. A case report

Talimogene laherparepvec (T‐VEC) is a intralesional oncolytic virotherapy, licensed in the European Union for locoregional advanced melanoma of American Joint Committee on Cancer stages IIIB, IIIC and IVM1a. Organ transplant recipients are currently excluded from all clinical trials dealing with immunotherapies due to the risk of transplant rejection. A 58‐year‐old white man with a history of heart and kidney transplantation in 2014 was diagnosed with melanoma (Breslow thickness 1·6 mm, stage pT2a) on the left arm in September 2015. In March 2016 he developed in transit metastases, and local therapy with a combination of topical imiquimod (5%) and cryotherapy of individual lesions was initiated. However, in November 2016 therapy was stopped following local progression of the metastases. An interdisciplinary decision to treat the patient with T‐VEC was taken. After 11 cycles of T‐VEC, the patient showed a complete response. As of June 2018, 11 months after the last treatment cycle of T‐VEC, the patient continues to be tumour free. The patient tolerated the therapy well with only mild adverse events and did not show any sign of graft rejection or loss of function of the transplanted organs. We conclude that T‐VEC can be a potentially effective and safe treatment in patients with a history of organ transplantation. Nevertheless, due to this special situation, the risks and benefits should always be discussed with an interdisciplinary tumour board.
AMEE Guide No. 123 – How to read studies of educational costs

Abstract Healthcare and health professions education share many of the same problems in decision making. In both cases, there is a finite amount of resources, and so choices need to be made between alternatives. To navigate the options available requires effective decision making. Choosing one option requires consideration of its opportunity cost – the benefit forgone of the other competing options. The purpose of this abridged AMEE guide is to introduce educational decision-makers to the economic concept of cost, and how to read studies about educational costs to inform effective cost-conscious decision-making. This guide leads with a brief review of study designs commonly utilized in this field of research, followed by an overview of how study findings are commonly presented. The tutorial will then offer a four-step model for appraising and considering the results of an economic evaluation. It asks the questions: (1) Can I trust the results? (2) What are the results telling me? (3) Could the results be transferred to my context? (4) Should I change my practice?
Optogenetic and transcriptomic interrogation of enhanced muscle function in the paralyzed mouse whisker pad

The functional state of denervated muscle is a critical factor in the ability to restore movement after injury- or disease-related paralysis. Here we used peripheral optogenetic stimulation and transcriptome profiling in the mouse whisker system to investigate the time course of changes in neuromuscular function following complete unilateral facial nerve transection. While most skeletal muscles rapidly lose functionality after lower motor neuron denervation, optogenetic muscle stimulation of the paralyzed whisker pad revealed sustained increases in the sensitivity, velocity, and amplitude of whisker movements, and reduced fatigability, starting 48 h after denervation. RNA-seq analysis showed distinct regulation of multiple gene families in denervated whisker pad muscles compared to the atrophy-prone soleus, including prominent changes in ion channels and contractile fibers. Together, our results define the unique functional and transcriptomic landscape of denervated facial muscles, and have general implications for restoring movement after neuromuscular injury or disease.
Prefabrication of Vascularized Porous Three-Dimensional Scaffold Induced from rhVEGF165: A Preliminary Study in Rats

Background/Aims: Several shortcomings have limited the routine use of autogenous vascularized bone graft. The present study investigates the prefabrication of vascularized scaffold with the desired shape and microarchitecture combined with recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (rhVEGF165) to mimic autogenous vascularized bone graft. Methods: Eighty-five porous calcium phosphate cement scaffolds constructed by rapid prototyping technology were divided into four groups: group A [rhVEGF165-fibrin sealant (FS) scaffold], group B (hVEGF165 scaffold), group C (FS scaffold), and group D (scaffold alone). The release of rhVEGF165 from the scaffolds was examined in vitro. The vessel density, relative functionalized vessels, vessel diameter and relative vessel area were also measured. Results: The sustained release of hVEGF165 lasted 14 days in the absence of plasmin and 12 days in the presence of plasmin in group A and 10 days in group B. There was no statistical difference between groups A and B at 2 or 4 weeks in terms of vessel density, relative functionalized vessels, vessel diameter, and relative vessel area, as between groups C and D. However, the above parameters were greater in groups A and B than groups C and D. Conclusion: The scaffolds with the desired shape and microarchitecture combined with rhVEGF165 could shorten the time needed for the construction of prefabricated vascularized grafts and accelerate the maturation of the vessels.
Seasonal Variation in Stable Isotope Ratios of Cow Milk in Vilnius Region, Lithuania

Simple Summary The composition of milk is fundamentally dependent on the feeding of the cows, and thereby on a particular environment. However, stable isotope composition is not always constant in the environment and can even change in the same area. Thus, the aim of this study was to better understand the impact of water and food sources on oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen stable isotope ratio (18O/16O, 13C/12C, and 15N/14N) distribution and fractionation in cow milk in different seasons of the year. Cow milk, drinking water, feed, and precipitation water were collected for three years from the same location. Overall, combined δ18O, δ13C, and δ15N analysis of cow milk provides valuable information about the amount of variation in stable isotope ratios in natural samples. This study can be helpful for studies of milk product authentication. Abstract Various studies have shown that stable isotope analysis has the potential to verify the geographic origin of foods and drinks. However, stable isotope composition is not always constant in the environment and can even change in the same area. Dairy products are of particular interest as a group of foods that play an important role in feeding the population. The composition of milk is fundamentally dependent on the feeding of the cows, and thereby on a particular environment. To better understand the amount of variation in δ18O, δ13C, and δ15N values in the milk from the same area, we measured stable isotope ratios in cow milk water, artesian water, and precipitation (δ18O) as well as in bulk milk samples (δ13C and δ15N) collected in 2014–2016. Different water and food sources were available during the winter (artesian water only and dry grass) and summer (artesian water and fresh grass), and spring and autumn seasons reflected transitional periods. Oxygen stable isotope ratios in milk water were relatively lower in winter and transitional seasons and higher in summer, showing the dependence on the main water source. δ13C values reflected particular food sources. This study shows the applicability of the stable isotope ratio method in linking cow milk to specific environments and reveals the amount of variation in stable isotope ratios in the same area. These results could be valuable for other studies on geographical origin determination of dairy products.
Whole-genome resequencing to identify candidate genes for the QTL for oleic acid percentage in Japanese Black cattle.

In our previous study, we detected a QTL for the oleic acid percentage (C18:1) on BTA9 in Japanese Black cattle through a genome-wide association study (GWAS). In this study, we performed whole-genome resequencing on eight animals with higher and lower C18:1 to identify candidate polymorphisms for the QTL. A total of 39,658 polymorphisms were detected in the candidate region, which were narrowed to 1993 polymorphisms within 23 genes based on allele differences between the high and low C18:1 groups. We subsequently selected three candidate genes, that is, CYB5R4, MED23, and VNN1, among the 23 genes based on their function in fatty acid metabolism. In each candidate gene, three SNPs, that is, CYB5R4 c. *349G > T, MED23 c.3700G > A, and VNN1 c.197C > T, were selected as candidate SNPs to verify their effect on C18:1 in a Japanese Black cattle population (n = 889). The statistical analysis showed that these SNPs were significantly associated with C18:1 (p < 0.05), suggesting that they were candidates for the QTL. In conclusion, we successfully narrowed the candidates for the QTL by detecting possible polymorphisms located within the candidate region. It is expected that the responsible polymorphism can be identified by demonstrating their effect on the gene's function.
A challenge for the procedural deficit hypothesis: How should we measure sequential learning in childhood?

A recent publication by West and colleagues (2018) highlighted the fact that many tasks used to measure implicit learning in developmental populations are unreliable. As indicated by the title of their paper, West and colleagues suggest this is a problem for the procedural deficit hypothesis (a theory that suggests that procedural learning underlies the impairment in those with developmental language disorders (DLD), Ullman & Pierpont, 2005). In a recent commentary, Conway et al. (2019) argue that the experiment conducted by West et al. was an inadequate test of the procedural deficit hypothesis. Here, we evaluate both points of view and conclude that we need better measurements of sequential learning in childhood. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.