Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep convolutional neural network model for bad code smells detection based on oversampling method

Code smells refers to any symptoms or anomalies in the source code that shows violation of design principles or implementation. Early detection of bad code smells improves software quality. Nowadays several artificial neural network (ANN) models have been used for different topics in software engineering: software defect prediction, software vulnerability detection, and code clone detection. It is not necessary to know the source of the data when using ANN models but require large training sets. Data imbalance is the main challenge of artificial intelligence techniques in detecting the code smells. To overcome these challenges, the objective of this study is to presents deep convolutional neural network (D-CNN) model with synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) to detect bad code smells based on a set of Java projects. We considered four code-smell datasets which are God class, data class, feature envy and long method and the results were compared based on different performance measures. Experimental results show that the proposed model with oversampling techniques can provide better performance for code smells detection and prediction results can be further improved when the model is trained with more datasets. Moreover, more epochs and hidden layers help increase the accuracy of the model.
From Dirac spinor fields to ELKO

Dual-helicity eigenspinors of the charge conjugation operator (ELKO spinor fields) belong, together with Majorana spinor fields, to a wider class of spinor fields, the so-called flagpole spinor fields, corresponding to the class (5), according to Lounesto spinor field classification based on the relations and values taken by their associated bilinear covariants. There exists only six such disjoint classes: the first three corresponding to Dirac spinor fields, and the other three respectively corresponding to flagpole, flag-dipole and Weyl spinor fields. This paper is devoted to investigate and provide the necessary and sufficient conditions to map Dirac spinor fields to ELKO, in order to naturally extend the Standard Model to spinor fields possessing mass dimension one. As ELKO is a prime candidate to describe dark matter, an adequate and necessary formalism is introduced and developed here, to better understand the algebraic, geometric and physical properties of ELKO spinor fields, and their underlying relationship to Dirac spinor fields.
On Properties of Length-Biased Exponential Model

The type II half logistic length-biased exponential distribution, which extends the length-biased exponential model, is introduced and examined. This model's statistical features, such as moments, conditional moments, mean order statistics, and entropy, are derived. To estimate distribution parameters, statistical inference employs three estimation methods: maximum likelihood, Cramer–von Mises, and Anderson–Darling. To evaluate the performance of the aforementioned estimators, we run simulation experiments based on the graphical results. The TIIHLLBE model's adaptability has been demonstrated through applications to real-world datasets.
Molecular Assessment of HER2 to Identify Signatures Associated with Therapy Response in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer

Simple Summary The HER2 status of breast cancers is accurately determined by measuring HER2 protein overexpression and gene amplification. However, these clinical diagnostic tests cannot predict the response to therapy. Single molecule imaging approaches can quantify molecular features of HER2, such as receptor nano-organization, with exquisite spatial resolution and sensitivity. The aim of our study was to assess how the molecular features of HER2 varied with the therapy response. According to our results in cultured cell lines and six patient specimens, the therapy response was associated with high detected HER2 densities and clustering. This advanced imaging approach can thus provide key data to complement the current diagnostic standards. Abstract Trastuzumab, the prototype HER2-directed therapy, has markedly improved survival for women with HER2-positive breast cancers. However, only 40–60% of women with HER2-positive breast cancers achieve a complete pathological response to chemotherapy combined with HER2-directed therapy. The current diagnostic assays have poor positive-predictive accuracy in identifying therapy-responsive breast cancers. Here, we deployed quantitative single molecule localization microscopy to assess the molecular features of HER2 in a therapy-responsive setting. Using fluorescently labeled trastuzumab as a probe, we first compared the molecular features of HER2 in trastuzumab-sensitive (BT-474 and SK-BR-3) and trastuzumab-resistant (BT-474R and JIMT-1) cultured cell lines. Trastuzumab-sensitive cells had significantly higher detected HER2 densities and clustering. We then evaluated HER2 in pre-treatment core biopsies from women with breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant therapy. A complete pathological response was associated with a high detected HER2 density and significant HER2 clustering. These results established the nano-organization of HER2 as a potential signature of therapy-responsive disease.
Polyominoes with nearly convex columns: A model with semidirected blocks

In most of today's exactly solved classes of polyominoes, either all members are convex (in some way), or all members are directed, or both. If the class is neither convex nor directed, the exact solution uses to be elusive. This paper is focused on polyominoes with hexagonal cells. Concretely, we deal with polyominoes whose columns can have either one or two connected components. Those polyominoes (unlike the well-explored column-convex polyominoes) cannot be exactly enumerated by any of the now existing methods. It is therefore appropriate to introduce additional restrictions, thus obtaining solvable subclasses. In our recent paper, published in this same journal, the restrictions just mentioned were semidirectedness and an upper bound on the size of the gap within a column. In this paper, the semidirectedness requirement is made looser. The result is that now the exactly solved subclasses are larger and have greater growth constants. These new polyomino families also have the advantage of being invariant under the reflection about the vertical axis.
Is technology everywhere? Exploring Generation Z's perceptions of sustainable tourism in developing countries

PurposeThis study examines the role of technology as a driver of sustainable tourism perceptions among Generation Z.Design/methodology/approachThe work considers the perspective of locals in Pakistan and uses a multi-method, multiphase embedded research design approach.FindingsThe research findings demonstrated that technology has a positive correlation with the environmental, socio-cultural and economic dimensions of sustainable tourism perception among Generation Z. Therefore, technology could be considered a dimension of sustainable tourism perception for locals, but perceptions differ significantly depending on the size of the city of the participant. The results of the experimental design phase that utilized picture stimuli demonstrated a linear relationship between technology and sustainability and enhanced their definition and implementation for developing countries.Originality/valueThis research diverges from most past research on these topics by focusing on Generation Z, for whom digital media and technology play a crucial role and for whom these technologies are positively correlated with sustainability and its overall perception. Implications for policies and practices for emerging country governments are provided.
Dispositifs électrooptique assistés plasmon en silicium

Bien que les proprietes optiques des metaux nanostructures soit connues depuis de nombreuses decennies, ce n'est que dans les dernieres annees que ce domaine a suscite un grand interet. Ceci est en partie du aux nombreux progres des techniques de nanofabrication. Le domaine de la plasmonique est souvent presentee comme la support de la prochaine generation de dispositifs de traitement de l'information, melageant la nanoelectronique et la photonique silicium pour obtenir des disposotifs plus performants. Les systemes microelectroniques actuels approchant de la saturation en terme de bande passante et de consomation energetique, la migration vers les systemes photoniques semble inevitable. La prediction de la reponse electromagnetique de ces composants nano-photoniques est essentiels au succes de leur integration realiste. Les outils numeriques de simulation electromagnetiques sont le moyen par excellence de calculer precisement er de maniere realiste les proprietes optiques de composants nanophotoniques, et en particulier ceux utilisant des plasmons de surface. Ce travail de these rend compte de l'analyse numerique de la propagation et des caracteristiques de champ proche de composants a base de plasmons pour la photonique en technologie CMOS. Les deux principaux outils de modelisation EM utilises a cet egard sont la methode des elements des moments, ainsi que la FDTD. Deux types principaux de dispositifs actifs plasmoniques actifs ont ete etudies: d'une part les modulateurs electro-optiques integres et d'autre part des detecteurs a base de quantum dot de Ge, le tout dans la gamme du proche infrarouge. La question cruciale d'un couplage efficace de la lumiere dans un mode tres confine plasmonique a d'abord ete etudiee de maniere a isoler la part modale des principales contributions. Ensuite, une nouvelle structure de modulateur assiste plasmon a ete proposee et une conception optique complete prenant en compte les contraintes technologiques d'une fonderie CMOS est proposee et discutee. Enfin une conception optimisee du couplage radiatif de l'absorption d'un point de Ge, en utilisant une antenne dipolaire plasmonique, est etudiee. En particulier, l'ingenierie radiative du substrat SOI permet de demontrer un effet considerable sur la performance finale du dispositif.
Death anxiety as general factor to fear of cancer recurrence

Fear of cancer recurrence or progress is strongly related to death anxiety (DA) in cancer patients, but due to lack of conceptualization and measurement methods, the relationship was not analyzed quantitatively before. The aim of the present study was to investigate the conceptual relationship of both constructs, with DA expected to be the general construct.
Truly naked spherically-symmetric and distorted black holes

We demonstrate the existence of spherically symmetric truly naked black holes (TNBH) for which the Kretschmann scalar is finite on the horizon but some curvature components including those responsible for tidal forces as well as the energy density $\overline{\ensuremath{\rho}}$ measured by a free-falling observer are infinite. We choose a rather generic powerlike asymptotics for the metric functions and analyze possible types of a horizon depending on the behavior of curvature components in the free-falling frame. It is also shown in a general case of distorted black holes that $\overline{\ensuremath{\rho}}$ and tidal forces are either both finite or both infinite. The general approach developed in the article includes previously found examples and, in particular, TNBHs with an infinite area of a horizon. The fact that the detection of singularity depends on a frame may be relevant for a more accurate definition of the cosmic censorship conjecture. TNBHs may be considered as a new example of so-called nonscalar singularities for which the scalar curvature invariants are finite but some components of the Riemann tensor may diverge in certain frames.
Geometric Endoscopy and Mirror Symmetry

The geometric Langlands correspondence has been interpreted as the mirror symmetry of the Hitchin fibrations for two dual reductive groups. This mirror symmetry, in turn, reduces to T-duality on the generic Hitchin fibers, which are smooth tori. In this paper we study what happens when the Hitchin fibers on the B-model side develop orbifold singularities. These singularities correspond to local systems with finite groups of automorphisms. In the classical Langlands Program local systems of this type are called endoscopic. They play an important role in the theory of automorphic representations, in particular, in the stabilization of the trace formula. Our goal is to use the mirror symmetry of the Hitchin fibrations to expose the special role played by these local systems in the geometric theory. The study of the categories of A-branes on the dual Hitchin fibers allows us to uncover some interesting phenomena associated with the endoscopy in the geometric Langlands correspondence. We then follow our predictions back to the classical theory of automorphic functions. This enables us to test and confirm them. The geometry we use is similar to that which is exploited in recent work by B. -C. Ngo, a fact which could be significant for understanding the trace formula.
‘Is hearing believing?’: A study of voices and beliefs in psychosis and trauma

Objective This study compared voice characteristics and beliefs in participants diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with dissociation, schizophrenia (SCZ) and both diagnoses of SCZ and PTSD. The relationship between dissociation and voice beliefs was also assessed. Method We identified 56 participants meeting the diagnostic criteria for PTSD with dissociation, SCZ or both diagnoses (PTSD + SCZ) who also experienced auditory hallucinations. Measures included PTSD Symptoms Scales Interview (PSSI-5), Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scale (PSYRAT), Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS), Beliefs about Voices Questionnaire (BAVQ) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results Beliefs about voices were similar across diagnostic groups. Participants with SCZ were more likely to attribute their voices to an external origin, and participants with dual diagnosis were less able to control their voices. The PTSD-only group scored higher in dissociation scores than either the SCZ-only or dual diagnosis group. Malevolent voice appraisals correlated with dissociation scores only in the dual diagnosis group. Conclusions This research supports the hypothesis that voice beliefs are similar across diagnoses of PTSD and SCZ. However, differences in voice characteristics, emotional responses and relationship to dissociation may need to be considered in the psychological management of voices.
Gene Editing-Based Technologies for Beta-hemoglobinopathies Treatment

Simple Summary β-thalassemia syndromes are clinically and genetically heterogeneous blood disorders presented by β-chain deficiency in hemoglobin production. Despite improvements in transfusion practices and chelation treatment, many lingering challenges have encouraged researchers to develop newer therapeutic strategies such as gene editing. One of the most powerful arms of genetic manipulation is gene editing tools, which have been recently applied to improve β-thalassemia symptoms. Nevertheless, several obstacles, such as off-target effects, protospacer-adjacent motif requirement, efficient gene transfer and expression methods, DNA-damage toxicity, and immunotoxicity issues still need to be addressed in order to improve the safety and efficacy of the gene editing approaches. Hence, additional efforts are needed to address these problems, evaluate the safety of genome editing tools at the clinical level and follow the outcomes of gene editing tools-mediated therapeutic approaches in related patients. Abstract Beta (β)-thalassemia is a group of human inherited abnormalities caused by various molecular defects, which involves a decrease or cessation in the balanced synthesis of the β-globin chains in hemoglobin structure. Traditional treatment for β-thalassemia major is allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from a completely matched donor. The limited number of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donors, long-term use of immunosuppressive regimen and higher risk of immunological complications have limited the application of this therapeutic approach. Furthermore, despite improvements in transfusion practices and chelation treatment, many lingering challenges have encouraged researchers to develop newer therapeutic strategies such as nanomedicine and gene editing. One of the most powerful arms of genetic manipulation is gene editing tools, including transcription activator-like effector nucleases, zinc-finger nucleases, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat–Cas-associated nucleases. These tools have concentrated on γ- or β-globin addition, regulating the transcription factors involved in expression of endogenous γ-globin such as KLF1, silencing of γ-globin inhibitors including BCL11A, SOX6, and LRF/ZBTB7A, and gene repair strategies. In this review article, we present a systematic overview of the appliances of gene editing tools for β-thalassemia treatment and paving the way for patients’ therapy.
On quasi-morphisms from knot and braid invariants

We study quasi-morphisms on the groups Pn of pure braids on n strings and on the group D of compactly supported area-preserving diffeomorphisms of an open two-dimensional disc. We show that it is possible to build quasi-morphisms on Pn by using knot invariants which satisfy some special properties. In particular, we study quasi-morphisms which come from knot Floer homology and Khovanov-type homology. We then discuss possible variations of the Gambaudo-Ghys construction, using the above quasi-morphisms on Pn to build quasi-morphisms on the group D of diffeomorphisms of a 2-disc.
The weighted random graph model

We introduce the weighted random graph (WRG) model, which represents the weighted counterpart of the Erdos–Renyi random graph and provides fundamental insights into more complicated weighted networks. We find analytically that the WRG is characterized by a geometric weight distribution, a binomial degree distribution and a negative binomial strength distribution. We also characterize exactly the percolation phase transitions associated with edge removal and with the appearance of weighted subgraphs of any order and intensity. We find that even this completely null model displays a percolation behaviour similar to what is observed in real weighted networks, implying that edge removal cannot be used to detect community structure empirically. By contrast, the analysis of clustering successfully reveals different patterns between the WRG and real networks.
Fostering firms' ability to cascade sustainability through multi-tier supply chains: an investigation of power sources

PurposeA firm's ability to cascade sustainability requirements further down to lower-tier suppliers might be affected by inter-firm power relations. This study aimed to identify the power sources of focal firms and first- and lower-tier suppliers and to investigate how they may affect their ability to cascade sustainability requirements along multi-tier supply chains.Design/methodology/approachA multiple case study of 24 companies was conducted to investigate the sources of power in multi-tier supply chains. In total, 42 informants from five focal companies, ten first-tier suppliers and nine lower-tier suppliers were interviewed.FindingsDifferences were found between the sources from which focal firms and first- and lower-tier suppliers drew power. Findings revealed that firms' power sources may increase or impair their ability to cascade sustainability requirements to lower supply chain tiers. Furthermore, multi-tier supply chain-level power sources constitute a significant determinant of firms' ability to disseminate sustainability requirements to lower-tier suppliers.Practical implicationsThe results can help companies and purchasing managers understand how their own and suppliers' power may affect their ability to cascade sustainability agendas to lower-tier suppliers. In particular, the results can be useful for supplier selection and the development of supplier relationship management strategies for fostering sustainability in multi-tier supply chains.Originality/valueThis study places traditional power perspectives in the context of multi-tier sustainable supply chain management, broadening the view beyond dyadic relationships that have traditionally been the focus of the supply management literature.
Koszul duality for Operads

(0.1) The purpose of this paper is to relate two seemingly disparate developments. One is the theory of graph cohomology of Kontsevich [Kon 2 3] which arose out of earlier works of Penner [Pe] and Kontsevich [Kon 1] on the cell decomposition and intersection theory on the moduli spaces of curves. The other is the theory of Koszul duality for quadratic associative algebras which was introduced by Priddy [Pr] and has found many applications in homological algebra, algebraic geometry and representation theory (see e.g., [Be] [BGG] [BGS] [Ka 1] [Man]). The unifying concept here is that of an operad. This paper can be divided into two parts consisting of chapters 1, 3 and 2, 4, respectively. The purpose of the first part is to establish a relationship between operads, moduli spaces of stable curves and graph complexes. To each operad we associate a collection of sheaves on moduli spaces. We introduce, in a natural way, the cobar complex of an operad and show that it is nothing but a (special case of the) graph complex, and that both constructions can be interpreted as the Verdier duality functor on sheaves. In the second part we introduce a class of operads, called quadratic, and introduce a distinguished subclass of Koszul operads. The main reason for introducing Koszul operads (and in fact for writing this paper) is that most of the operads ”arising from nature” are Koszul, cf. (0.8) below. We define a natural duality on quadratic operads (which is
Staff Assessment Person-Directed Care Questionnaire: Adaptation and Validation for the Portuguese Population

Person-centered care aims to increase and guarantee the quality of care at residential care facilities for older adults. The implementation and development of this approach requires validated assessment tools, which are still lacking in Portugal. This study aims to adapt and validate for the Portuguese population the internationally and widely used essential instrument that is the Staff Assessment Person-Directed Care (SAPDC). The adaptation of the SAPDC included its translation, back translation, and a pilot-study. For validation, staff members were recruited by distributing the study via email and on social media. Respondents included 546 native Portuguese-speaking staff members working at residential care facilities for over 6 months. The mean score of SAPDC was 165.74 (SD = 36.78). The exploratory factor analysis showed eight conceptually distinct dimensions, considered adequate by the expert team. The total scale showed a very good internal consistency (α = .96) and excellent temporal stability assessed by Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (> .90). Providing a Portuguese version of the SAPDC is useful to substantiate technical and scientific advancements and define policies with implications on evolving care approaches. This tool helps optimize the quality and dignification of gerontological practices, which is urgent at Portuguese residential care facilities.