Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time-course Transcriptome of Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius DSM 6285 Grown in the Presence of Carbon Monoxide and Air

Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius is a metabolically versatile, facultatively anaerobic thermophile belonging to the family Bacillaceae. Previous studies have shown that this bacterium harbours co-localised genes coding for a carbon monoxide (CO) dehydrogenase (CODH) and Ni-Fe hydrogenase (Phc) complex and oxidises CO and produces hydrogen (H2) gas via the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction. To elucidate the genetic events culminating in the WGS reaction, P. thermoglucosidasius DSM 6285 was cultivated under an initial gas atmosphere of 50% CO and 50% air and total RNA was extracted at ~8 (aerobic phase), 20 (anaerobic phase), 27 and 44 (early and late hydrogenogenic phases) hours post inoculation. The rRNA-depleted fraction was sequenced using Illumina NextSeq, v2.5, 1x75bp chemistry. Differential expression revealed that at 8 vs. 20, 20 vs. 27 and 27 vs. 44 h post inoculation, 2190, 2118 and 231 transcripts were differentially (FDR < 0.05) expressed. Cluster analysis revealed 26 distinct gene expression trajectories across the four time points. Of these, two similar clusters, showing overexpression at 20 relative to 8 h and depletion at 27 and 44 h, harboured the CODH and Phc transcripts, suggesting possible regulation by O2. The transition between aerobic respiration and anaerobic growth was marked by initial metabolic deterioration, as reflected by up-regulation of transcripts linked to sporulation and down-regulation of transcripts linked to flagellar assembly and metabolism. However, the transcriptome and growth profiles revealed the reversal of this trend during the hydrogenogenic phase.
Role of recombinant Aspergillus fumigatus antigens in diagnosing Aspergillus sensitisation among asthmatics

The diagnosis of Aspergillus‐sensitised asthma (ASA) and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is made using IgE against crude antigens of A fumigatus (cAsp). However, the IgE against cAsp has limitations due to cross‐reactivity with other fungi.
Phenotypic variation of south-western Atlantic clam Mactra isabelleana (Bivalvia: Mactridae)

The phenotypic shell shape variation of Mactra isabelleana was tested using the geometric morphometric method. Four localities were sampled along the Río de la Plata estuary and the coast of Buenos Aires province. Principal component analysis and canonical variates analysis of the first principal components were performed to reveal the shell variation and differences among localities, respectively. The specimens from different microhabitats mostly overlapped, although differences in shape were observed in the development of the umbo, the enlargement of the dorsoventral axes and the elongation of the posterior end. The ecological and physical parameters that could influence shell shape variation are discussed.
Impacts of advertisements that are unfriendly to women and men

Taking Belgium as a case in point, this study analyses, first, tolerance for advertisements unfriendly to women and men as expressed by advertising and marketing professionals, consumers and gender equal opportunity workers. Second, it compares which types of unequal gender portrayal raise concerns with which sector of respondents. Finally, it analyses the differences in adherence of the three sectors to the two main policy solution paradigms proposed in the 2008 European Parliament Resolution on ‘How marketing and advertising affect equality between women and men’. Results suggest a degree of tolerance that varies significantly according to sector, language, gender and age. Overall, respondents express more concerns regarding traditional sex roles in advertising than regarding nudity, unattainable beauty standards or gender stereotypes, and prefer gender-and-advertising literacy programmes and awards for advertisements that break through gender stereotypes over stricter ethical and/or legal regulations. These findings should prove useful to advertising and marketing professionals, national advertising regulatory bodies and policy makers.
Machine-learning algorithms for predicting results in liver transplantation: the problem of donor-recipient matching.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Classifiers based on artificial intelligence can be useful to solve decision problems related to the inclusion or removal of possible liver transplant candidates, and assisting in the heterogeneous field of donor-recipient (D-R) matching. RECENT FINDINGS Artificial intelligence models can show a great advantage by being able to handle a multitude of variables, be objective and help in cases of similar probabilities. In the field of liver transplantation, the most commonly used classifiers have been artificial neural networks (ANNs) and random forest classifiers. ANNs are excellent tools for finding patterns which are far too complex for a clinician and are capable of generating near-perfect predictions on the data on which they are fit, yielding excellent prediction capabilities reaching 95% for 3 months graft survival. On the other hand, RF can overcome ANNs in some of their limitations, mainly because of the lack of information on the variables they provide. Random forest algorithms may allow for improved confidence with the use of marginal organs and better outcome after transplantation. SUMMARY ANNs and random forest can handle a multitude of structured and unstructured parameters, and establish non explicit relationships among risk factors of clinical relevance.
Herbivory and plant resource competition: a review of two interacting interactions

This review discusses the prevalence and potential for interactive effects between herbivory and competition on plant growth and biomass, and it is apparent that such effects typically arise when there is a mismatch between the spatial scale of herbivore behaviour (food or patch choice) and the spatial heterogeneity of the plant community. Historically, such interactive effects have been examined using two approaches. Studies using the first approach have excluded plant neighbors and herbivores in a factorial experiment, and scored effects on plant biomass. Studies using the second approach have observed herbivore abundance or herbivory on plants with or without plant neighbors, and have identified a large number of mechanisms underlying such interactive effects. The two types of studies have produced somewhat conflicting results, where interactive effects have been commonly observed in studies using the second approach and only rarely in studies using the first approach. This is most likely a consequence of a biased choice of study systems, where studies using the first approach have primarily studied mammalian herbivory while studies using the second approach have been more focussed on insect herbivory. Moreover, studies using the first approach have typically been very small-scale manipulations and this probably precludes most possible interactive effects in systems with mammalian herbivory. This points to the fact that studies examining interactive effects of herbivory and plant competition should more carefully consider the behaviour and life history of herbivores included in the study prior to the design of removal experiments.
Population genetic studies on indigenous conifers in Korea

Studies on the genetic variation in tree populations have been greatly facilitated by the development of molecular markers. Allozyme and DNA markers have been employed to estimate the level of genetic diversity and characterize the distribution patterns of genetic variation within and among populations. They have also been applied to examine the dispersal patterns and mating systems influencing the degree of population differentiation. We reviewed 18 population genetic studies on 8 native Korean conifers (Pinus densiflora, P. thunbergii, P. koraiensis, P. pumila, Abies holophylla, A. koreana, Taxus cuspidata, and Torreya nucifera), which appeared in the literature between 1992 and 2005. The level and distribution patterns of genetic variation observed in the 8 conifers were comparable with those reported in studies on other conifers. From studies on allozyme markers, the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.168 to 0.262 for Taxus cuspidata and Pinus densiflora, and the degree of genetic differentiation between populations (GST) ranged from 0.031 to 0.067 for Pinus densiflora and Taxus cuspidata, respectively. From studies on the DNA markers of I‐SSR, the genetic diversity (Shannon's Index) ranged from 0.306 to 0.478 for Pinus koraiensis and Taxus cuspidata, respectively, and most of genetic variations were allocated within populations with FST values (i.e., degree of population differentiation) ranging from 0.066 to 0.198 for Pinus densiflora and Abies holophylla, respectively. Although the multilocus outcrossing rate (t m) of Pinus densiflora was 0.860, based on allozymes, suggesting a high level of outcrossing, highly correlated outcrossed paternity (r p=0.874) and evidence of biparental inbreeding (t m‐t s=0.115) were also verified. A study on the spatial autocorrelation of a scattered Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) stand with relatively low density revealed a significant spatial genetic structure at distances between 24 and 32 m. At the allozyme level, the species with limited distributions tended to show less genetic diversity, but a higher level of genetic differentiation (G ST). For DNA markers, this tendency was not marked.
Application of Biosensors for Detection of Pathogenic Food Bacteria: A Review

The use of biosensors is considered a novel approach for the rapid detection of foodborne pathogens in food products. Biosensors, which can convert biological, chemical, or biochemical signals into measurable electrical signals, are systems containing a biological detection material combined with a chemical or physical transducer. The objective of this review was to present the effectiveness of various forms of sensing technologies for the detection of foodborne pathogens in food products, as well as the criteria for industrial use of this technology. In this article, the principle components and requirements for an ideal biosensor, types, and their applications in the food industry are summarized. This review also focuses in detail on the application of the most widely used biosensor types in food safety.
The Effects of Different Concentrate-to-Forage Ratio Diets on Rumen Bacterial Microbiota and the Structures of Holstein Cows during the Feeding Cycle

Simple Summary The rumen is well-known as a natural bioreactor for the highly efficient degradation of fibers, and rumen microbes play an important role in fiber degradation. The rumen is a dynamic system that processes fibrous plant materials, and the rumen microbiota undergoes significant changes during the feeding cycle. However, there are few literatures about the feeding cycle effects on the microbial community. Therefore, we used high-throughput sequencing technology to monitor the ruminal bacterial changes during the feeding cycle. This study showed that there were regular changes in microorganisms and pH, and the relative content of the microorganisms recovered to their previous values prior to the next feeding. The microbial diversity of the forage group was higher than that of the concentrate group during the feeding cycle. At an earlier stage of feeding, the soluble carbohydrates are sufficient for microbial fermentation. Altogether, the results will help us to better understand the ruminal bacterial changes of dairy cows during the feeding cycle under high-forage/concentrate diets, which could provide further explanations of the interactions among rumen microorganisms and help manipulate the rumen metabolism. Abstract The objectives of this study were to investigate the ruminal bacterial changes during the feeding cycle. Six ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were used in this experiment. The high-forage (HF) and high-concentrate (HC) diets contained 70% and 30% dietary forage, respectively. Dairy cows were fed their respective diets for at least 28 days, then samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, 9, 12, 16 and 20 h post-feeding. The results showed that pH, the concentration of (total volatile fatty acids) TVFAs and the percentages of acetate, propionate and butyrate were significantly affected by diet and time interactions. The diversity of rumen microbiota in HF dietary treatments was significantly higher than that in the HC dietary treatments. ACE (Abundance-based Coverage Estimator) and Chao 1 indices peak at 12 h post-feeding and then decline over the next 8 h. The rumen microbiota was mainly composed of the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria without considering the diet and time. The Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) functional profile prediction indicated that the carbohydrate metabolism was different at 9, 12 and 20 h post-feeding time, which revealed that the soluble carbohydrates were enough for microbial fermentation shortly after feeding. This research gave a further explanation of the interactions among rumen microorganisms, which could further help manipulate the rumen metabolism.
Migratory Adaptations in Chrysoperla sinica (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

ABSTRACT The green lacewing Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is a common natural enemy of various insect pests in China and is frequently employed for augmentation biological control. Adults of this species perform migration flights after emergence, the nature of which affects its value for biological control program. In this manuscript, we report characteristics of C. sinica migratory populations captured during 2008–2009 using a light trap at Beihuang Island (Bohai Gulf), 40–60 km from mainland China, and their relationships with flight performance. In total, 1,452 migratory C. sinica adults were caught for these 2 yr. Throughout the sampling period, migratory populations consisted of >50% female individuals, most of which were in preoviposition period and had low degrees of ovarian development. During autumn, most migratory females were unmated. C. sinica females began oviposition since 7 d after emergence. Flight mill tests showed that 5-d-old females in preoviposition period flew over the longest distance (i.e., 4.50 ± 1.31 km) over 8 h and mating status did not affect flight performance. For 3-d-old individuals, males flew over larger distances than females, and unmated individuals exhibited stronger flight capability than mated ones. Hence, gender, mating status, and age all determine C. sinica flight performance. Based upon those findings, we can indicate that C. sinica migratory populations appear adapted to long-distance flights. This research should help understand C. sinica population dynamics and aid its incorporation within integrated pest management (IPM) packages for several crops.
Avaliação da adaptabilidade de caprinos exóticos e nativos no semi-árido paraibano

O trabalho foi conduzido objetivando-se a avaliar a adaptabilidade entre caprinos exoticos (Boer, Savana e Anglo-Nubiana) e nativos (Moxoto) no Semi-arido paraibano. Foram utilizados 40 animais, dez de cada raca, distribuidos num delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e dez repeticoes. Os dados climatologicos foram registrados diariamente as 9:00 e as 15:00 horas e os parâmetros fisiologicos estudados foram: temperatura retal (TR), frequencia respiratoria (FR) e temperatura superficial (TS) e foram aferidos duas vezes por semana, no periodo da manha e da tarde. Houve efeito de turno (P 0,05) entre as racas. Todas as racas demonstraram estarem bem adaptadas fisiologicamente as condicoes climaticas do Semi-arido e apresentam o mesmo grau de tolerância ao calor.
Changes in N2 fixation in Stylosanthes scabra derived from tissue culture

Plants were regenerated from leaf-derived callus culture of Stylosanthes scabra, a polyploid legume tolerant to drought and adapted to acid soils. A total of 168 regenerants were planted out in Leonard jars in a complete randomized design. Nitrogen fixation and vegetative growth were indirectly evaluated by shoot dry weight, root dry weight, shoot N content and acetylene reduction activity. The results showed higher variation in the regenerants than in controls not submitted to tissue culture. Significant differences were found for all nitrogen fixation related-traits
Microbial processes and fungal community structure in soils from clear-cut and unharvested areas of two mixedwood forests

Decomposer fungi and microbial processes were examined in harvested and adjacent unharvested areas of two mixedwood forests in northwestern Ontario. Seven to 9 years following harvesting, organic and mineral soil from treated and control areas was sampled with the objective of examining the impact of clear-cutting and site preparation on soil basal respiration, microbial biomass carbon (C), metabolic quotients (qCO2), microbial C to organic C ratios (Cmic:Corg), nitrogen mineralization, and fungal community structure. Relative sensitivity of fungal community indices at species and genus levels was also examined. Soil microbial processes and fungal community structure were similar in harvested and unharvested stands. Although reductions were not significant, basal respiration, microbial biomass C, qCO2, Cmic:Corg, and nitrogen mineralization tended to be lower in organic soil from the harvested sites than the unharvested sites, with the exception of qCO2. Fungal community structure indicated by rank abunda.
Effect of inoculum spore load, length of infection period, and leaf washing on occurrence of Peronospora tabacina Adam, (blue mould) of tobacco

Leaves of tobacco plants cv. Virginia Gold were spray-inoculated with different concentrations of spores of Peronospora tabacina strain APT1 and kept wet for 2 to 16 hr. Incubation period and occurrence of the disease on leaves were related to spore concentration, length of the infection period, temperature, and leaf position. The length of the incubation period increased from approximately 3 to 8 days with decrease in spore number. There was a similar increase with decrease in the length of the infection period and with low temperatures. The number of disease lesions increased with spore number in the inoculum and with increase in the length of the infection period up to 8 hr; it was about 100% higher on washed than on unwashed leaves. All leaves of washed plants had the same number of lesions but with unwashed plants, the lowest leaf had the most lesions and the uppermost the least. In a limited series of experiments with APT2 on cv. Virginia Gold and cv. Sol, the results were similar to those reported for APT1. The host–pathogen reaction was modified by spore load and temperature, the result being a range of symptoms; this indicates the need for caution in the use of symptoms as a means for distinguishing between different strains of the pathogen and between levels of resistance. High spore concentrations and infection periods of 4 hr or longer were necessary for extensive occurrence of the pathogen in leaves.
Mechanical Control of Root Growth: A Computer Simulation.

The root system is very important for the stability of a tree. External wind forces must be transferred by the roots into the soil. Therefore, the tree root system must be large and strong enough to prevent breakage and uprooting. The shape of the root system is also important for the tree's stability. This paper investigates the shape of the root system with regard to the external loading forces and soil properties. The material properties of the soil are very important for the failure of the root-soil plate. The strength of soil depends on its resistance to shear stresses. Resistance to shear is provided by the friction between the soil particles and is proportional to the normal force between them (Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion). Root-reinforced soil can be compared with a composite material in which fibres (roots) of relatively high tensile strength are embedded in a matrix of lower tensile strength (soil). Plant root scan increase the shear resistance of the soil. At Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe the so-called SKO method was modified to predict root morphologies of trees for different loading and soil conditions.The predictions are based on the assumption that the optimum root design (in the purely mechanical sense! ) is a design that guarantees an even distribution of the shear loading along the roots. This approach gives good qualitative agreement with the root formation observed in nature for cases considered here. It is clear that this mechanical optimum can be disturbed drastically by biological growth regulators.
The Split of the Nation

The article's main objective is to show that the Euromaidan movement in Ukraine fulfilled a political role it had not anticipated. By relying on the logic of exclusion of enemy, Euromaidans contributed to the political consolidation of the national enemy in its struggle against its own political regime. They helped the formation of both the liberal, protest collective subject in Russia and the Ukrainian liberal, collective subject. Such a strong correspondence, even melding, of the nationalist, political subjectivity of the Ukrainian maidans with Russian, liberal, protest subjectivity indicates a coinciding of two types of nationalism (Ukrainian and Russian), which both equally divide the nation into two subjects: (1) the subject of the Nation, with a capital “N” (educated urban professionals, “the elite of society,” etc.) and (2) the subject of the nation, with a lowercase “n” (“vatniks,” “gopniks,” etc.). *
Fire flame effect on the compressive strength of reactive powder concrete using different methods of cooling

This research foxed on the effect of fire flame of different burning temperatures (300, 400 and 500)oC on the compressive strength of reactive powder concrete (RPC). The steady state duration of the burning test was (60) min. Local consuming material were used to mixed a RPC of compressive strength around (100) MPa. The tested specimens were reinforced by (3.0) cm hooked end steel fiber of (1100) MPa yield strength. Three steel fiber volume fraction were adopted in this study (0, 1.0and 1.5)% and two cooling process were included, gradual and sudden. It was concluding that increasing burning temperature decreases the residual compressive strength for RPC specimens of(0%) steel fiber volume fraction by (12.16, 19.46&24.49) and (18.20, 27.77 &36.07) forgradual and sudden cooling respectively. This reduction was modified by adding steel fiber, the percentage of (1%) characterized the optimum response. Burning RPC that has non-zero steel fiber content up to 400 oC caused an increase in the residual compressive strength for a case of gradual cooling to be (4.37 & 6.25)% for steel fiber volume fraction of (1 & 1.5) % respectively. Sudden cooling method was improved to be the critical cooling method, the negative influence of this method was directly proportion with both burning temperature and steel fiber volume fraction.