Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-invasive physical plasma as an innovative physical approach for the oncological therapy of skeletal sarcomas

https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.jro. 1001042 Human osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor with an annual incidence of two cases per 1 million population. Osteosarcoma account for 60% of all malignant bone tumors occurring in childhood, followed by Ewing’s sarcoma [1-3]. In adults, however, chondrosarcoma is the most common primary bone malignancy. The prognosis of skeletal tumors depends on their localization, histological typing, and the degree of metastasis. The therapeutical set-up is oriented toward these modalities and for osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcomas consists of preoperative, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgical tumor resection, and postoperative, adjuvant chemotherapy. With current therapies, the recurrence-free overall 5 year survival rate is approximately 60% [4-6]. In contrast, surgical resection is the treatment of choice for chondrosarcoma due to its phenotypic characteristics and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy [7]. It is therefore important to look for new options for the treatment of osseous sarcomas. Due to its anti-oncological effect, one such option may be treated with physical plasma [8-10].
A study of surface semi-geostrophic turbulence: freely decaying dynamics

In this study we give a characterization of semi-geostrophic turbulence by performing freely decaying simulations for the case of constant uniform potential vorticity, a set of equations known as the surface semi-geostrophic approximation. The equations are formulated as conservation laws for potential temperature and potential vorticity, with a nonlinear Monge–Ampère type inversion equation for the streamfunction, expressed in a transformed coordinate system that follows the geostrophic flow. We perform model studies of turbulent surface semi-geostrophic flows in a domain doubly periodic in the horizontal and limited in the vertical by two rigid lids, allowing for variations of potential temperature at one of the boundaries, and we compare the results with those obtained in the corresponding surface quasi-geostrophic case. The results show that, while the surface quasi-geostrophic dynamics is dominated by a symmetric population of cyclones and anticyclones, the surface semi-geostrophic dynamics features a more prominent role of fronts and filaments. The resulting distribution of potential temperature is strongly skewed and peaked at non-zero values at and close to the active boundary, while symmetry is restored in the interior of the domain, where small-scale frontal structures do not penetrate. In surface semi-geostrophic turbulence, energy spectra are less steep than in the surface quasi-geostrophic case, with more energy concentrated at small scales for increasing Rossby number. The energy related to frontal structures, the lateral strain rate and the vertical velocities are largest close to the active boundary. These results show that the semi-geostrophic model could be of interest for studying the lateral mixing of properties in geophysical flows.
Harmonic functions of suq(2) for q ∊ ℝ and q → S1

We show in this paper that a particular family of Askey–Wilson polynomials can be interpreted directly in the light of q-deformed suq(2) algebras. This approach allows us to correct previous results concerning the q-Legendre functions investigated in Granovskii and Zhedanov (1993 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 26 4331). We also establish the orthonormalization and the special cases q → 1 (classical limit) and q → ∞ (asymptote). We conclude that these q-Legendre functions differ significantly from their classical counterparts only when q is in the vicinity of the unitary circle, where the singular points of the absolute value of these q-functions undergo a series of bifurcations.
Spin effects on the dynamics of compact binaries

that the spin supplementary condition, which is related to the observer dependence of the center, gives rise to a gauge symmetry in the action principle of spinning point-particles. These spinning point-particles serve as an analytic model for extended bodies. The internal structure can be modelled by augmenting the point-particle with higher-order multipole moments. Consequences of the recently discovered universal (equation of state independent) relations between the multipole moments of neutron stars are discussed.
Thermal aspects of the ABJM theory: currents and condensations

To study thermal aspects of the ABJM theory in the strongly coupled regime, we carry out the invariant dimensional reduction of the type IIA supergravity down to four dimensions. We then investigate zero and finite temperature responses of the operators which are dual to the AdS scalar and vector fields. Two scalar operators are shown to have finite-temperature condensations by coupling of the constant source term. The currents dual to the massless and massive gauge fields are not induced by coupling of the constant boundary vector potential, which implies that the phase described by the black brane background is not superconducting. We also discuss a generalization to charged (dyonic) black holes.
Viability and proliferation of A549 cell line on the surface of micro-, nano- and ultrananocrystalline diamond films grown by HFCVD with tailored gases

Abstract This article describes key material science/technology issues to implement polycrystalline diamond scaffolds to enable processes for biological cells growth relevant for using cells grown in the laboratory for the treatment of human biological conditions. Issues investigated include 1. Synthesis/characterization of microcrystalline diamond (MCD), nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) and transformational ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) coating-based scaffolds. Diamond films were grown on silicon substrates using the hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) technique, by which filaments heated to ∼2,300 °C induce cracking of CH4 molecules into C atoms/CHx (x = 1, 2, 3) radicals, growing diamond films via chemical reaction on the substrates’ surface. MCD and NCD + films were grown flowing the H2/CH4 gas mixture. NCD- and UNCD films were grown using the Ar/CH4 gas mixture plus H2 flux (73.5%, 49%, and 9.8%), which for high fluxes, induced increased the concentration of H-containing trans-polyacetylene (T-PA) molecules in UNCD films’ grain boundaries, impacting biological performance. 2. Studies of viability and proliferation of human lung carcinoma cell line (A549) grown on surfaces of MCD, NCD, and UNCD films, using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, which showed no significant difference in cell proliferation among the MCD, NCD, and UNCD films.
The role of H2O and O2 molecules and phosphorus vacancies in the structure instability of phosphorene

The poor structural stability of phosphorene in air was commonly ascribed to humidity and oxygen molecules. Recent exfoliation of phosphorene in deoxygenated water promotes the need to re-examine the role of H2O and O2 molecules. Considering the presence of high population of vacancies in phosphorene, we investigate the interaction of H2O and O2 molecules with vacancy-contained phosphorene using first-principles calculations. In contrast to the common notion that physisorbed molecules tend to have a stronger adsorption at vacancy sites, we show that H2O has nearly the same adsorption energy at the vacancy site as that at the perfect one. Charge transfer analysis shows that O2 is a strong electron scavenger, which transfers the lone-pair electrons of the phosphorus atoms to the 2π* antibonding orbital of O2. As a result, the barrier for the O–O bond splitting to form O–P bonds is reduced from 0.81 eV at the perfect site to 0.59 eV at the defect site, leading to an about 5000 faster oxidizing rate at the defect site than at the perfect site at room temperature. Hence, our work reveals that the vacancy in phosphorene shows a stronger oxygen affinity than the perfect phosphorene lattice site. Structural degradation of phosphorene due to oxidization may occur rapidly at edges and grain boundaries where vacancies tend to agglomerate.
A Fractional-N Bang-Bang PLL Based on Type-II Gear Shifting and Adaptive Frequency Switching Achieving 68.6 fs-rms-Total-Integrated-Jitter and 1.56 μs-Locking-Time

This work presents a fast-locking and low-jitter fractional-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> bang-bang phase-locked loop (BBPLL). To break the trade-off between jitter and locking time which is typical of BBPLLs, two novel techniques are introduced. A gear-shift technique, denoted as type-II gear-shift, avoids limit cycles in the phase-locked loop (PLL) frequency transient and optimizes the locking time of the main PLL loop. The adaptive frequency switching (AFS) technique reduces the PLL frequency error upon channel switching exploiting the already existing hardware. The prototype, implemented in a 28-nm CMOS process, has an active area of 0.23 mm2 and achieves a locking time always below 1.56 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (within 80 ppm accuracy) for frequency jumps up to 1.5 GHz over the 8.5–10 GHz tuning range. The measured rms jitter (integrated from 1 kHz to 100 MHz) is 48.6 fs for integer-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> channels and 68.6 fs for near-integer fractional-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> channels, with a worst case fractional spur of −58.2 dBc. The power consumption is 20 mW, leading to a jitter-power figure of merit of −253.2 and −250.3 dB for integer-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and fractional-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> channels, respectively.
Effective potential method for active particles

ABSTRACT We investigate the steady-state properties of an active fluid modelled as an assembly of soft repulsive spheres subjected to Gaussian coloured noise. Such a noise captures one of the salient aspects of active particles, namely the persistence of their motion and determines a variety of novel features with respect to familiar passive fluids. We show that within the so-called multidimensional unified coloured noise approximation, recently introduced in the field of active matter, the model can be treated by methods similar to those employed in the study of standard molecular fluids. The system shows a tendency of the particles to aggregate even in the presence of purely repulsive forces because the combined action of coloured noise and interactions enhances the effective friction between nearby particles. We also discuss whether an effective two-body potential approach, which would allow to employ methods similar to those of density functional theory, is appropriate. The limits of such an approximation are discussed.
Chandra and XMM–Newton view of the warm absorbing gas in Mrk 290

We present a detailed analysis of the Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer (HETGS) and XMM–Newton high-resolution spectra of the bright Seyfert 1 galaxy, Mrk 290. The Chandra HETGS spectra reveal complex absorption features that can be best described by a combination of three ionized absorbers. The outflow velocities of these warm absorbers are about 450 km s−1, consistent with the three absorption components found in a previous far-UV study. The ionizing continuum of Mrk 290 fluctuated by a factor of 1.4 during Chandra observations on a time-scale of 17 d. Using the response in opacity of the three absorbers to this fluctuation, we put a lower limit on the distance from the ionizing source of 0.9 pc for the medium ionized absorber and an upper limit on a distance of 2.5 pc for the lowest ionized absorber. The three ionization components lie on the stable branch of the thermal equilibrium curve, indicating roughly the same gas pressure. Therefore, the thermal wind from the torus is most likely the origin of warm absorbing gas in Mrk 290. During the XMM–Newton observation, the ionizing luminosity was 50 per cent lower compared to that in the Chandra observation. The Reflection Grating Spectrometer spectrum is well fitted by a two-phase warm absorber, with several additional absorption lines attributed to a Galactic high-velocity cloud, complex C. Neither the ionization parameter ξ nor the column density NH of the two absorbing components varied significantly, compared to the results from Chandra observations. The outflow velocities of both components were 1260 km s−1. We suggest that an entirely new warm absorber from the torus passed through our line of sight. Assuming the torus wind model, the estimated mass outflow rate is ∼0.1 M⊙ per year while the nuclear accretion rate is ∼0.04 M⊙ per year. The O vii and Ne ix forbidden lines are the most prominent soft X-ray emission lines, with a mean redshift of 700 km s−1 relative to the systematic velocity. There seems to be no relation between emission lines and warm absorbers.
An all-at-once reduced Hessian SQP scheme for aerodynamic design optimization

AbstractThis paper introduces a computational scheme for solving a class of aerodynamicdesign problems that can be posed as nonlinear equality constrained optimizations. Thescheme treats the flow and design variables as independent variables, and solves the con-strained optimization problem via reduced Hessian successive quadratic programming.It updates the design and flow variables simultaneously at each iteration and allows flowvariables to be infeasible before convergence. The solution of an adjoint flow equationis never needed. In addition, a range space basis is chosen so that in a certain sensethe "cross term" ignored in reduced Hessian SQP methods is minimized. Numericalresults for a nozzle design using the quasi-one-dimensional Euler equations show thatthis scheme is computationally efficient and robust. The computational cost of a typ-ical nozzle design is only a fraction more than that of the corresponding analysis flowcalculation. Superlinear convergence is also observed, which agrees with the theoreticalproperties of this scheme. All optimal solutions are obtained by starting far away fromthe final solution.Key words, design optimization, constrained optimization, reduced Hessian meth-ods, quasi-Newton methods, successive quadratic programmingAMS(MOS) subject classification. 65K05, 90C06, 90C30, 90C31, 90C90Abbreviated title. SCHEME FOR DESIGN OPTIMIZATION
Investigation of Multi-agent reinforcement learning on merge ramp for avoiding car crash on highway

Car crashing on the entrance of highway becomes the major concern of traffic control system because the merge ramp area can be considered as the bottleneck of the highway. When considering the autonomous driving vehicles, the multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is one of the most popular techniques which is widely studied by researchers and tried to implement in practice. Previously, the performance of MARL were evaluated without concerning the driving law such as length of prohibiting area and length of entrance area. Therefore, in this paper, we take the as length of prohibiting area and length of entrance area into the account to evaluate the performance of MARL. As a result, the MARL can avoid the car crashing effectively while achieve high rewards and high vehicle speed. When the traffic becomes congested, MARL cannot avoid the crashing because there is no available area for entering the highway.
Wavefront shaping based on three-dimensional optoacoustic feedback

Wavefront shaping techniques have recently evolved as a promising tool to control the light distribution in optically-scattering media. These techniques are based on spatially-modulating the phase of an incident light beam to create positive interference (focusing) at specific locations in the speckle pattern of the scattered wavefield. The optimum phase distribution (mask) of the spatial light modulator that allows focusing at the target location(s) is determined iteratively by monitoring the light intensity at such target. In this regard, optoacoustic (photoacoustic) imaging may provide the convenient advantage of simultaneous feedback information on light distribution in an entire region of interest. Herein, we showcase that volumetric optoacoustic images can effectively be used as a feedback mechanism in an iterative optimization algorithm allowing controlling the light distribution after propagation through a scattering sample. Experiments performed with absorbing microparticles distributed in a three-dimensional region showcase the feasibility of enhancing the light intensity at specific points. The advantages provided by optoacoustic imaging in terms of spatial and temporal resolution anticipate new capabilities of wavefront shaping techniques in biomedical optics.
Towards Asymmetrical Modeling of Voltage Stability in the Presence of GICs

Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) disturb power systems. Conventional modeling with waveform-symmetrical reactive power (Q) does not characterize the half-wave saturation of transformer cores, their non-linear inductance, and the harmonics generated. The relative directions of flow of GIC and power are not the same in all transformers, with the result that the fundamental half-wave effect is not the same in all. In this study, we used a real-time OPAL-RT-MATLAB/Simulink platform to model the response of 4- and 6-bus power systems with dc representing different geoelectric field vectors. The symmetrical shunt reactor approach to GICs and voltage stability under-estimates the effects of transformer dynamic inductance and distortion compared with a simulation of asymmetric distortion. Compensation based on the general power theory mitigates the GIC effect on transformers and improves power system voltage stability during geomagnetic disturbances (GMDs).
Assessing and reporting leaking of violent intent: Influences of perpetrator and witness characteristics

Because the police are reliant on laypersons to report announcements (leaking) of terrorist attacks, it is crucial to examine potential determinants for their assessment of the seriousness of leaking and the likelihood to report it. Members of the law enforcement authorities also need to decide which instances of leaking to prosecute further. We asked 392 laypersons and 188 police students to assess the seriousness and anticipated likelihood to report/prosecute leaking. Using a behavioral process tracing (BPT) task, we examined which further information they consider important for their decisions. We also assessed participant characteristics that may influence these decisions. Laypersons rated the seriousness of leaking higher than police students, but were less likely to report it to the police than police students were likely to have the leaking prosecuted. Both groups selected information about the potential perpetrator's criminal history, political attitude, and repetition of leaking most frequently. Accordingly, receiving information about the potential perpetrator's criminal past, right-wing attitude, and repetition of leaking in the BPT task was associated with increases in the seriousness ratings and the likelihood to report/prosecute leaking in both groups. Concerning the participants’ characteristics, particularly fear of terrorism (and partly political attitude and news consumption) predicted both the seriousness ratings and the likelihood to report/prosecute leaking. In conclusion, characteristics of both the potential perpetrator and the participants drove the decisions. Thus, it seems important to provide more information about the concept of leaking and to emphasize its importance in preventing terrorist attacks in order to improve the likelihood to report/prosecute it. Additionally, the development of objective assessment criteria for the police seems essential in order to reduce the influence of witnesses' characteristics on these decisions.
Risk of venous thromboembolism during the use of oral estrogen-progestogen hormone therapies in light of most recent research findings

Two important studies evaluating the safety profile of oral estrogen-progestogen hormonal therapies conducted in standard clinical practice with respect to the venous system were recently published. A large prospective controlled cohort study (PRO-E2) based on the non-inferiority design has shown that the relative risk of developing venous thrombosis (VTE) in women using combined oral hormonal contraceptives (COHC) containing 17β-estradiol (1.5 mg) and nomegestrol acetate (2.5 mg) (E2/NOMAC) was not statistically different from that in users of COHC containing ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel (EE/LNG). The aim of the recently presented study was to compare the risk of VTE in patients treated with a product for oral continuous combined menopausal hormone therapy containing 1 mg of 17ß-estradiol and 100 mg of micronized progesterone (1 mgE2/100 mgP4) with patients taking conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate (CEE/MPA). The study was based on an analysis of records retrieved from a US health insurance database, and was therefore concerned the real-life clinical practice. The hazard ratio of VTE when comparing 1 mgE2/100 mgP4 with CEE/MPA was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.53–0.92). The difference was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). The rewieved studies provide further evidence that the use of hormones bioidentical with endogenous steroids in oral contraception and menopausal hormone therapy creates an opportunity to combine high efficacy with a favorable safety profile.
Ac Stark gradient echo memory in cold atoms

The burgeoning fields of quantum computing and quantum key distribution have created a demand for a quantum memory. The gradient echo memory scheme is a quantum memory candidate for light storage that can boast efficiencies approaching unity, as well as the flexibility to work with either two- or three-level atoms. The key to this scheme is the frequency gradient that is placed across the memory. Currently, the three-level implementation uses a Zeeman gradient and warm atoms. In this article we model an alternate gradient-creation mechanism--the ac Stark effect--to provide an improvement in the flexibility of gradient-creation and field-switching times. We propose this scheme in concert with a move to cold atoms ({approx_equal}1 mK). These temperatures would increase the storage times possible, and the small ensemble volumes would enable large ac Stark shifts with reasonable laser power. We find that memory bandwidths on the order of MHz can be produced with experimentally achievable laser powers and trapping volumes, with high precision in gradient creation and switching times on the order of nanoseconds possible. By looking at the different decoherence mechanisms present in this system, we determine that coherence times on the order of tens of milliseconds are possible, as are delay-bandwidthmore » products of approximately 50 and efficiencies over 90%. « less