Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE RESULT OF PLANT PATHOGENIC FUSARIUM SPP ISOLATED FROM CONIFEROUS FOREST IN NEAR ULAANBATAAR CITY

Fusarium type of fungi forms whitish or bright color and grows really fast. Fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini (F. circinatum Nirenbery & O’Donnell), F. Oxysporum f. sp. Psidii and F. solani are widely distributed plant entomopathogenic fungi. This fungus usually gives a signs of yellowing, drying and shedding when causing disease. Main aim of our study is to identify Fusarium spp fungi based on disease symptoms such as yellowing, drying and shedding of the needles then define isolated pure culture of fungi and formulate control method. [4,6,7] In this study atotal of sixty-nine samples including larch, pine and spruce were collected from 8 locations out of 127 pieces collected from 13 locations are used. According to standard methodology, when isolating mixed and pure culture samples were placed on wet Petri dish in incubator at 26°C for 7 days until the fungus growth appearedalso average mycelia growth and conidia have observed. This Fusariumspecie typically gives whitish tinged grayish-violent color in colony center on PDA. Observing culture mycelia growth and conidia, genus name has identified using “Identification of Mitosporic Fungi” by Dr. Katsuhiko Ando. When formulating control method against fungi, bioproduct of Bacillus subtilis 26D strain, made in Russian as well as plant originated bioproduct called 1.5 % Matrine & Osthole Asmade in China have been experimented against entomopathogenic fungi Fusarium sppareused. Based on the study results Fusarium type of fungi is detected from samples taken from Bogdiin am, Jigjid and Taivan mountain. Hence bioproduct of Bacillus subtilis 26D strain inhibited fungal growth whereas can be possible biocontrol for Fusarium spp whereas plant originated bioproduct 1.5% Matrine & Osthole AS made in P.R. C cannot inhibit the growth of this fungi. Forest morbidity is not well researched in Mongolia. Based on our research forest regions near Ulaanbaatar city have higher morbidity rate. Disease symptoms of conifers have shown yellowing, drying and even shedding of the needles. A total of sixty-nine samples including larch, pine and spruce were collected from 8 locations near Ulaanbaatar city. Samples were placed on wet plates in incubator at 26°C for 7 days until the fungus growth appeared. Fresh fungal growth from the plated samples then transferred onto PDA. Fusarium species typically have average mycelia growth, aerial mycelium and gives whitish tinged grayish-violent color in colony center on PDA. Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.13(2) 2014: 101-104
M04 Preventing Formation Of Toxic N-terminal Huntingtin Fragments Through Antisense Oligonucleotide-mediated Protein Modification

Several studies have implicated the importance of proteolytic cleavage of the mutant huntingtin protein in Huntington disease (HD) pathogenesis and it is generally accepted that N-terminal polyglutamine-containing huntingtin fragments are more toxic than full-length huntingtin protein. While recent publications have shown promising results reducing mutant huntingtin toxicity by lowering huntingtin levels using antisense oligonucleotides, there is some concern regarding unwanted side effects caused by lowering huntingtin protein levels too much. In our study we reduce mutant huntingtin toxicity by modifying the huntingtin protein to prevent proteolytic cleavage and subsequent formation of toxic N-terminal huntingtin fragments. Using antisense oligonucleotides, we induce skipping of huntingtin exon 12 that encodes important cleavage sites. In vitrostudies showed successful exon skipping and appearance of a shorter huntingtin protein, that is resistant to caspase 6 cleavage. Pilot studies in the YAC128 transgenic HD mouse model revealed skipping of human huntingtin exon 12 after a single intracerebroventricular injection of antisense oligonucleotides. We have recently started a follow-up study to assess the longitudinal phenotypical effect of antisense oligonucleotide-mediated exon skipping in YAC128 HD mice.
EFFECT OF FUSARIUM VIRGULIFORME AND HETERODERA GLYCINES ON SOYBEAN

Fusarium virguliforme, the soilborne fungus which causes sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean, and Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, soybean cyst nematode (SCN), are two economically important pathogens in the Midwest. The pathogens are often found together in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. ) fields. This study was conducted to determine the effect of soybean genotype, F. virguliforme populations, and H. glycines populations upon yield and to examine the interaction between the two pathogens. In 2008 and 2009, four genotypes with different levels of resistance to SDS and H. glycines were planted at seven environments. F. virguliforme and H. glycines soil populations were quantified at planting, midseason, and harvest. At the end of the growing season, area under the disease progress curves of SDS, F. virguliforme root populations, and H. glycines reproductive indices were determined and plots harvested for seed yield. Soil populations of F. virguliforme and H. glycines at planting, midseason, and harvest varied across environments. Within environments, generally, they were not significantly different. Seed yield varied within and across environments. As disease pressure increased, the performance of resistant genotypes increased compared to susceptible genotypes. Genotypes resistant to SDS yielded higher than susceptible genotypes. There were negative correlations between yield and disease rating and F. virguliforme root populations. F. virguliforme soil populations and H. glycines populations at planting were positively correlated. It is important to manage both SDS and H. glycines in fields with a history of the two diseases. This can be achieved through genetic resistance. Information in this study will improve decisions regarding genotype selection to minimize losses to SDS and H. glycines. Abbreviations: AUDPC, area under the disease progress curve of sudden death syndrome; DI, disease incidence; DS, disease severity; DX, disease index; FI, female index; FVHv, F. virguliforme soil population at harvest; FVMd, F. virguliforme soil population at midseason; FVPl, F. virguliforme soil population at planting; FVRt, F. virguliforme root population; J2, stage two juvenile; PDA, potato dextrose agar; MNS, modified Nash-Snyder media; SCN, soybean cyst nematode; SCN Pi, soybean cyst nematode soil population at planting; SCN Pf, soybean cyst nematode population at harvest; SCN Pm, soybean cyst nematode population at midseason; SCN Rf, soybean cyst nematode reproductive factor; SDS, sudden death syndrome.
Aggregations and Body Water Relations in Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) from the Grand Canyon Rims, Arizona

dividuals were coiled or aggregated under logs and boards at the borders of ponds soon after metamorphosis. For example, aggregations of two to eight (e 3.5, mode 2) individuals were found under eight of 27 pieces of natural ground cover sheltering subadult salamanders at Little Park Pond, North Rim, September 5, 1966. Five coiled specimens were seen in the same investigation. Relative humidities under cover harboring coiled or aggregated salamanders averaged 60.1% o+ 4.8%, whereas those under cover containing single, uncoiled individuals were higher (68.9% o 6.9%) but not significantly so (P > 0.05). Coiled A. tigrinum assumed a loose, flat, spiral position and occasionally were covered with dry soil and debris in contrast to single, uncoiled individuals. Those whose bodies were bent
Avian neural crest cells express a melanogenic trait migration from the neural tube: observations with the antibody, “MEBL-1”

A new monoclonal antibody, MEBL-1, which specifically melanocytes and their precursors, was used to examine differentiation of neural crest cells into melanocytes positive precursors of melanocytes in the trunk were mesenchyme located above the neural tube at the level stage 19, when active migration of neural crest cells route was almost complete. DiO-labelled neural crest to emigrate from the neural tube at stages 17–18 and the dorsolateral route, were found to become MEBL-1- indicates that MEBL-1 antigens are expressed by neural immediately following their emigration and neural melanogenic. Expression of the MEBL-1 antigens was in, and finally the loss of, HNK-1 antigen expression. level, MEBL-1-positive precursors of melanocytes were mesenchyme located above the dorsal side of the tube at stage 16. At the vagal level, the precursors in mesenchyme located above the dorsal side of the neural tube at stage 18. MEBL-1 reacted with the cell premelanosome-like granules in addition to the nuclear endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus of the The antigens recognized by MEBL-1 were proteins with masses of 135×103 and 115×103. We suggest that MEBL-1 earliest marker for melanogenic neural crest cells.
Wing muscle dimorphism: two reproductive pathways of the waterstrider Gerris thoracicus in relation to habitat instability

cles. In the laboratory when food was abundant, non-flyer females laid 60-100% more eggs than flyer females. When food was scarce, non-flyer females survived longer than flyer females. There were no differences in longevity between non-flyer males and flyer males. Even when starved some females and most males maintained flight muscles. The occurrence of the two morphs was related to habitat stability. Flyers were more common in temporary rock pools. Non-flyers were abundant in brackish sea bays, which are cool and stable habitats. In nature histolysis of flight muscles was more common among females than males. I conclude that G. thoracicus females have two different reproductive pathways in the Finnish archipelago. Flyers are able to lay their eggs in many places, to search for the best possible site each time, and to colonize newly filled vacant rock pools throughout the summer. Non-flyers have a high reproductive output when food is abundant, and they survive better when food is scarce. This tactic is advantageous in permanent sea habitats.
Vitamin C as Contributor to the Total Antioxidant Capacity - Importance,Occurrence, Methods of Determination

Volume 2 • Issue 4 • 1000e146 Biochem Anal Biochem ISSN:2161-1009 Biochem, an open access journal Vitamin C is a water-soluble antioxidant vitamin which can be found in many biological systems and foodstuffs (fresh vegetables and fruits). It is important in synthesizing collagen, in the absorption of iron, and is also involved in wound healing and osteogenesis. It is represents the L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and is recognized as one of the most common electroactive biocompound. Significant sources include blackcurrant, citrus fruit, leafy vegetables, tomatoes, green and red peppers [1-4]. Humans, some other primates, and guinea pigs lacking L-gulonolactone oxidase due to a genetic mutation, are unable to synthesize ascorbic acid and diet is the unique source [5].
Effect of Various Water Chemistry Factors on Legionella Proliferation and the Premise Plumbing Microbiome Composition

Premise plumbing, the pipes and fixtures at the building level, present a unique challenge for maintaining drinking water quality. Of particular concern are opportunistic pathogens, including Legionella pneumophila which can regrow in premise plumbing and cause disease in immunocompromised populations. The goal of this work was to explore engineering methods for control of L. pneumophila and total regrowth. The first line of study involved a series of experiments with simulated glass water heaters (SGWHs) to investigate interactions between specific water chemistry factors and L. pneumophila regrowth, and the second used laboratory grade purified water to investigate the limits of a nutrient control approach for biological stability. Several water chemistry factors including assimilable organic carbon (AOC) content, granular activated carbon (GAC) biofiltration, plumbing materials, copper concentrations and temperature were investigated using SGWHs. AOC is the carbon available for bacteria growth in drinking water. Results indicated that AOC reduction may be a promising method for controlling L. pneumophila and total bacteria regrowth, but there may be a point at which AOC reduction is no longer effective. Prior GAC biofiltration removed organic carbon and was effective in controlling total bacterial regrowth in SGWHs, but actually encouraged L. pneumophila regrowth. A wide variety of materials typically encountered in premise plumbing was investigated and only had limited effect on proliferation of L. pneumophila and total bacteria. The effects were
Variability and Heritability Estimates in Some Reproductive Characters and Yield in Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)

Forty one chilli genotypes were grown in a randomized block design with three replications during autumn-winter season of 2010-11, at the AB block Farm, Kalyani, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, India, to estimate variability and heritability for important reproductive and yield characters. In the present experiment genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficient of variation estimates closely corresponded with regard to days to 50% flowering, fruit length, placenta length and 1000 seed weight; in others it differed moderately, altogether suggesting low to medium influence of environment in the expression of these characters. Close estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation were noted in all characters except fruit width, which imply that contribution towards final phenotypic expression of these characters are mostly genetic rather than environmental. Very high genetic advance as % of mean was recorded in fruit yield/plant and moderately high genetic advance as % of mean was recorded in days to 50% flowering, placenta length, fruit length, number of fruits/plant and number of seeds/plant, indicating that these characters are most likely governed by additive gene action and hence would be rewarding in selection. Original Research Article Pandit and Ahikary; IJPSS, Article no. IJPSS.2014. 7.003 846
INTRODUCED MACROALGAE IN THE AUSTRALIAN REGION: CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE

Introductions of non‐native macroalgae and the subsequent displacement of native species are globally becoming more frequent. The algal genera Undaria, Sargassum, Caulerpa and Codium have been identified as being particularly invasive. An overview on the present knowledge on macroalgal introductions in the Australian region is presented and options for management are discussed, mostly using examples from studies on the introduced Japanese kelp, Undaria pinnatifida. Undaria pinnatifida was first detected in Tasmania, Australia in the early 1980's. Since then, its range has expanded despite eradication efforts. Long distance jumps appear to be the major mode of spread of U. pinnatifida in Tasmania. Studies are underway to distinguish the relative importance of spore dispersal, drift of adult plants and anthropogenic factors in spreading this invasive kelp. Although information on the real impacts of U. pinnatifida and other introduced macroalgae is sparse, the development of management and control strategies is of vital importance to prevent further spread and translocation of these “pest” species.
Engagement in Gender Normative Versus Nonnormative Forms of Aggression: Links to Social-Psychological Adjustment

Although many important advances have been made in our understanding of childhood aggression in recent years, a significant limitation of prior studies has been the lack of attention to the possible moderating role of gender in the links between aggression and social-psychological adjustment. To address this issue, the author evaluated the adjustment status associated with engagement in gender normative versus gender nonnormative forms of aggression for both boys and girls. Indexes of social-psychological adjustment assessed included teacher and self-reports of internalizing and externalizing difficulties (N = 1.166 children 9-12 years old). Results showed that children who engaged in gender nonnormative forms of aggression (i.e., overtly aggressive girls and relationally aggressive boys) were significantly more maladjusted than children who engaged in gender normative forms of aggression and children who were nonaggressive. Language: en
Probabilistic Methods in Combinatorial Analysis

Preface Preface to the English edition Introduction 1. Relevant elements from probability theory 2. Combinatorial properties or random nonnegative matrices 3. Probabilistic problems in the general combinatorial scheme 4. Random partitions of sets 5. Random permutations 6. Random graphs and random mappings Bibliography Index.
HABITAT AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF WATER VOLES: WHY ARE THERE GAPS IN A SPECIES' RANGE?

SUMMARY (1) We surveyed the distribution of water voles (Arvicola terrestris) every month at thirty-nine sites on rivers in the North Yorkshire Moors National Park, for 2 years (1985 and 1986). Detailed studies continued at a small number of selected sites until 1989. Sites were sections of river bank 100-300 m long, the distance typically occupied by discrete breeding colonies of voles in this area. (2) In the main survey period (1985 and 1986) we found ten 'core sites' with breeding colonies of voles. A further fifteen sites were classified as 'peripheral' (visited by voles, but lacking breeding colonies). We found no evidence that water voles ever visited or used the remaining fourteen sites. (3) Data on bankside vegetation, bank angles, human disturbance, and grazing regimes by domestic stock were used in principal component analysis to classify habitat characteristics associated with core, peripheral and other sites. (4) Core sites were closely grouped in principal component space, and were characterized by a high percentage of grass, steep bank angles, and relatively high layering of the vegetation. These characteristics are readily interpreted in terms of water vole biology. (5) On the basis of habitat characteristics, we identified a further twelve unoccupied or peripheral sites that should have been suitable for breeding water voles. All these sites were more isolated and/or suffered much higher predation by mink (Mustela vison) than core sites. We also observed the extermination of two former core sites as mink invaded the area between 1987 and 1989. (6) We conclude that there are gaps in the distribution of the water vole because some habitats are unsuitable (approximately 45% of sites) and of sites with suitable habitat, about 30% lack water voles because they are too isolated (reducing colonization rates) and/or suffer very high levels of mink predation (increasing extinction rates). The conservation implications of these results are briefly discussed.
Evidence of spermatophores in Cyphophthalmi (Arachnida, Opiliones)

Evidence of spermatophores in Cyphophthalmi (Arachnida, Opiliones). - A spermatophore in Opiliones is for the first time observed and described from a specimen of Cyphophthalmus serbicus (HadŽi, 1973), here transferred from Siro. Insemination by means of spermatophores seems typical for some groups of the Cyphophthalmi, the most primitive and the least species-rich suborder in the order Opiliones. Primitive but complex insemination by spermatophores was retained in this group, which is adapted to a cryptozoic way of life, where this mating strategy is still functional. This paper presents a hypothesis on the possible significance of a number of characteristic traits in Cyphophthalmi, which presumably have some function for insemination via spermatophores.
Effects of Social Stories Intervention for children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, which lacks specific medical treatment. Intervention is the key point of rehabilitation training for ASD. Social stories (SS) are a commonly used intervention practice in individuals with ASD. However, there is mixed evidence on the effectiveness of SS. Thus, the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess studies of the effects of SS for children and adolescents with ASD. Methods: To identify relevant studies, we will search PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar and trials registers (the World Health Organization International Clinical Trial Registration Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Chinese Clinical Trial Register) from inception to May 2020. In addition, we will also perform handsearching of grey literature, such as conference proceedings and academic degree dissertations. Only the randomized control trials will be accepted, no matter what the languages they were reported. We will first focus on the effectiveness of the intervention on the behavior of the targets. Then we will do further analysis of the study design, including the length and intensity of intervention, the characteristics of participants and interveners, the methods of assessment, the place, the medium, and the economic feasibility. Two independent reviewers will carry out literature identification, data collection, and study quality assessment. Discrepancies will be resolved by a third reviewer. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool will be used to evaluate the risk of bias of the randomized controlled trials. Data analysis will be calculated using the STATA 13.0 software. Result: This study will offer new evidence whether the SS is an appropriate intervention of benefiting the children and adolescents with ASD, and to determine which factors affect the effectiveness of SS. Conclusion: The conclusion drawn from this systematic review will benefit the children and adolescents with ASD. Abbreviations: ASD = autism spectrum disorder, RCT = randomized controlled trial, SS = social stories.
Graphic analysis of spatio-temporal effect for vegetation disturbance caused by coal mining:a case of Datong Coal Mine Area

Vegetation is a key factor which comprehensively reflects condition of ecology and environment in mining area. With NDVI index as the parameter, vegetation coverage in Datong coal mining area from 1999 to 2010 were measured based on dimidiate pixel model by remote sensing estimation method. Spatial correlation indexes such as Global Moran忆s I, Getis鄄 Ord General G, Getis鄄Ord Gi and Anselin Local Moran I were respectively used to reveal the temporal evolution and intrinsic mechanism of vegetation disturbed by coal mining from the global evolution and local effect perspective. Research results showed that: (1) Changing of vegetation coverage in Datong coal mining area presented cluster distribution and strong spatial autocorrelation in space, meanwhile, the phenomenon was absolutely obvious when vegetation coverage was in the lowest period. ( 2) In the rising period of vegetation coverage, hotspots of vegetation coverage gradually reduced or separated to the secondary hotspots area, clustering effect of vegetation changing became less significantly, which presented discrete state in general. (3) The disturbance of coal mining brought to vegetation showed overall characteristics and in proportion with coal production. ( 4) Different vegetation types presented different changing characters caused by coal