Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) The mediating effect of instruction on pair composition in L 2 revision and writing

The present study tests the effect of ability pairing in two instructional methods in L2 collaborative revision. Two continuous indices determine a pair: individual proficiency level, distance in proficiency between pair members (heterogeneity), and the interaction between both indices. Instructional methods tested are modelling and practising. Results show that the effect of pair composition depends on instructional strategies. In the Practising condition less proficient learners profit most from a heterogeneous ability pair, whereas more proficient learners are best paired homogeneously. In the Modelling E. Van Steendam Faculty of Applied Economic Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium E. Van Steendam Faculty of Arts, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Present Address: E. Van Steendam (&) Faculty of Arts, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Campus Brussels, Warmoesberg 26, 1000 Brussels, Belgium e-mail: elke.vansteendam@telenet.be; elke.vansteendam@arts.kuleuven. be G. C. W. Rijlaarsdam Research Institute on Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Prinsengracht 130, 1018 VZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands e-mail: g.c. w.rijlaarsdam@uva.nl G. C. W. Rijlaarsdam Faculty of Arts, University of Antwerp, Rodestraat 14, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium H. H. Van den Bergh Faculty of Humanities, Department of Languages, Literature and Communication, University of Utrecht, Trans 10, 3512JK Utrecht, The Netherlands e-mail: h.vandenbergh@uu.nl L. Sercu Faculty of Arts, Department of Language and Education, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Blijde Inkomststraat 23, 3000 Leuven, Belgium 123 Instr Sci (2014) 42:905–927 DOI 10.1007/s11251-014-9318-5
Evaluating the Impact of Emissions Regulations on the Emissions Reduction During the 2015 China Victory Day Parade With an Ensemble Square Root Filter

In order to guarantee good air quality for the 15th International Association of Athletics Federations World Championships (22–30 August) and the China Victory Day parade (3 September) in Beijing, a series of comprehensive emissions regulations were implemented in Beijing and the surrounding provinces from 20 August to 3 September 2015. During this period, the intensity of the emissions regulation was enhanced step by step in the run‐up to the event. This period therefore allowed us to quantitatively estimate the reduction in emissions as a result of the emissions regulations under different intensity and strategy scenarios. The ensemble square root filter was employed to optimize the initial conditions and the emissions simultaneously. Numerical results showed that the variations of the anthropogenic emissions before, during, and after the emissions regulations were reasonably simulated. The updated emissions were about 80% and 50% of the prior anthropogenic emissions during the regular‐ and stringent‐regulations periods, respectively. As a result, the PM2.5 concentrations consistently reduced during the regulations period, and the largest reduction occurred under the stringent‐regulations period. Sensitivity simulations forced by the averaged emissions before the regulations and during the regular‐ and stringent‐regulation periods further highlighted the valuable impacts of emissions regulations, under different strategy and intensity scenarios, on the improvement of air quality. More intense emissions regulation will lead to a greater reduction in PM2.5 concentrations.
Delineation of marine ecosystem zones in the northern Arabian Sea during winter

Abstract. The spatial and temporal variability of marine autotrophic abundance, expressed as chlorophyll concentration, is monitored from space and used to delineate the surface signature of marine ecosystem zones with distinct optical characteristics. An objective zoning method is presented and applied to satellite-derived Chlorophyll a (Chl a ) data from the northern Arabian Sea (50–75 ∘ E and 15–30 ∘ N) during the winter months (November–March). Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used to statistically delineate the Chl a into zones with similar surface distribution patterns and temporal variability. The PCA identifies principal components of variability and the CA splits these into zones based on similar characteristics. Based on the temporal variability of the Chl a pattern within the study area, the statistical clustering revealed six distinct ecological zones. The obtained zones are related to the Longhurst provinces to evaluate how these compared to established ecological provinces. The Chl a variability within each zone was then compared with the variability of oceanic and atmospheric properties viz. mixed-layer depth (MLD), wind speed, sea-surface temperature (SST), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), nitrate and dust optical thickness (DOT) as an indication of atmospheric input of iron to the ocean. The analysis showed that in all zones, peak values of Chl a coincided with low SST and deep MLD. The rate of decrease in SST and the deepening of MLD are observed to trigger the algae bloom events in the first four zones. Lagged cross-correlation analysis shows that peak Chl a follows peak MLD and SST minima. The MLD time lag is shorter than the SST lag by 8 days, indicating that the cool surface conditions might have enhanced mixing, leading to increased primary production in the study area. An analysis of monthly climatological nitrate values showed increased concentrations associated with the deepening of the mixed layer. The input of iron seems to be important in both the open-ocean and coastal areas of the northern and north-western parts of the northern Arabian Sea, where the seasonal variability of the Chl a pattern closely follows the variability of iron deposition.
2 Zoonoses Surveillance in Italy ( 2000-2009 ) : Investigation on Animals with Neurological Symptoms 1

Zoonoses are defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as “Those diseases and infections naturally transmitted between vertebrae animals and man” (WHO 1959) (Palmer et al., 1998). They may be caused by viruses, bacteria, including chlamidiae and rickettsiae, fungi, protozoa, helminths and arthropods (Krauss et al., 2003), and transmitted directly (through contact with skin, hair, eggs, blood or secretions) or indirectly (by insect vectors and ingestion of contaminated food). Currently, 1415 pathogens for humans have been identified and of these approximately 61% (868) are agents of zoonoses, some of which manifest with neurological signs; 132 agents are also associated with emerging zoonoses (Asjo et al., 2007; Matassa, 2007; Taylor et al. , 2001). Neurological zoonoses are widespread, especially in the developing countries where they are not even diagnosed in most cases. Emerging zoonoses of recently identified pathogens are Lyme disease, cryptosporidiosis, West Nile disease, transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, and possible variants of the avian influenza virus, which have found new favourable conditions for spreading. In contrast, re-emerging zoonoses are well-known diseases considered as eradicated in a given country but recur with an exponentially increasing incidence, such as tuberculosis, leptospirosis, rabies (Matassa, 2007). Pathogens are constantly evolving and spreading in different countries through animals that act as an asymptomatic reservoir and release pathogens into the environment (Krauss et al., 2003). Among these, wild animals, both mammals and migratory birds, play an important role.
Transiting planet candidate from K2 with the longest period

Context. We present the transit and follow-up of a single transit event from Campaign 14 of K2, EPIC248847494b, which has a duration of 54 h and a 0.18% depth. Aims. Using photometric tools and conducting radial velocity follow-up, we vet and characterise this very strong candidate. Methods. Owing to the long, unknown period, standard follow-up methods needed to be adapted. The transit was fitted using Namaste, and the radial velocity slope was measured and compared to a grid of planet-like orbits with varying masses and periods. These used stellar parameters measured from spectra and the distance as measured by Gaia. Results. Orbiting around a sub-giant star with a radius of 2.70 ± 0.12 RSol, the planet has a radius of 1.11−0.07+0.07 RJup and a period of 3650−1130+1280 days. The radial velocity measurements constrain the mass to be lower than 13 MJup, which implies a planet-like object. Conclusions. We have found a planet at 4.5 AU from a single-transit event. After a full radial velocity follow-up campaign, if confirmed, it will be the longest-period transiting planet discovered.
Experimental Design and Implementation of Two Dimensional Transformations of Light in Waveguides and Polarization

Photonics, the technological field that encompasses all aspects of light, has been rapidly growing and increasingly useful in uncovering fundamental truths about nature. It has helped detect gravitational waves, allowed for a direct measurement of the quantum wave function, and has helped realize the coldest temperatures in the universe. But photonics has also had an enormous impact on day-to-day life as well; it has enabled high capacity and/or high speed telecommunication, offered cancer treatment solutions, and has completely revolutionized display and scanning technology. All of these discoveries and applications have required a superb understanding of light, but also a high degree of control over the sometimes abstract properties of light. The work contained in this thesis explores two novel means of controlling and manipulating two different abstract properties of light. In Part I, the property under investigation is the polarization state of light – a property that is paramount to all light-matter interactions, and even some light-light interactions such as interference. Here, a liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator (LCOS-SLM)’s capabilities in manipulating the polarization state of light is theoretically examined and experimentally exploited, tested, and reported on. It is found through experimentation that, for an appropriate range of beam sizes and input polarizations, a single LCOS-SLM can be used to produce any light field with an arbitrary, spatially varying polarization profile. In Part II, the property under investigation loosely corresponds to light’s spatial degree of freedom – how light can move from one spot in space to another in a non-trivial manner. Here, control over light’s position through a waveguide array through the use of quantum geometric phase is theoretically examined, simulated, and experimentally designed. It is found through simulation that a threewaveguide array is capable of implementing two dimensional unitary transformations. The common theme between Part I and Part II is manipulating these properties of light to realize classes of general transformations. Moreover, if the light field is treated as a quantum state in the basis of either property under investigation, a two dimensional computational basis ensues. This is precisely the right cardinality for applications in quantum information.
Seasonal variation in the body size-body mass relationship in the Southern Grey Shrike Lanius meridionalis

Advancement of spring migration in response to recent global climate change is well documented for a variety of bird species, but the pattern for autumn migration is rather equivocal. During a 42-year period (1964–2005) the changes in timing of spring and autumn migration of eight wader species were studied at multiple inland sites in Central Europe (Czech Republic and Slovakia) using ringing data. While a clear pattern was found for the advancement of the spring passage, there were variable trends in the timing of the autumn passage. Three species significantly advanced (Wood Sandpiper, Common Sandpiper and Dunlin), three species delayed (Ruff, Snipe and Little Ringed Plover), and two species did not change the timing of the autumn passage (Little Stint and Green Sandpiper). Earlier studies had predicted that long-distance migrants wintering south of the Sahara would advance the timing of autumn migration, while short-distance migrants would postpone it. However, our findings do not fully conform to these predictions. Across species, the timing of both the spring and autumn passages was negatively associated with the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, suggesting that even in long-distance migrants the timing of migration might be under direct environmental control. In conclusion, phenological responses of birds to recent changes in climate are quite coherent for the early phenological phases; however, the responses to later phases are not so straightforward, and the present study contributes to this diverse pattern.
Resampling methods in nonparametric seismic hazard estimation

Proper estimation of the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of magnitude is essential for the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. Due to a possibility of the multi-component structure of frequency-magnitude relation, the recently proposed nonparametric approach to the seismic source size characterization is often in use. Because of its model-free character, the nonparametric approach cannot, however, provide confidence interval estimates of CDF. As a remedy to this problem we propose a use of resampling, namely the bootstrap and jackknife techniques for constructing the confidence intervals of magnitude CDF on the basis of one-sample data. Studies of Monte Carlo generated magnitude data of given population distributions show that the bias corrected and accelerated method (BCa method) is a satisfactory solution of the considered problem. Even more accurate CDF confidence interval estimates can be obtained by the proposed modification of the BCa procedure. The procedure uses the second order bootstrap samples and is named the iterated BCa method.
The Antecedents of Effectiveness Interactive Advertising in the Social Media

The aim of this article is to find out the effectiveness of the interactive advertising in the contact of social media and also the attitude of consumer towards the interactive advertising. A descriptive research was conducted to address the research objective. The survey research was undertaken among the tertiary students (majoring in mass communication with multimedia background, batch January to April 2012) who study in one of the private universities in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The adopted sampling method was convenience sampling. There were 149 usable questionnaires which were analysed with the Statistical Package for Social Science Software version 17. The study found out that the advertising effectiveness of traditional and interactive advertising should be measured in a different way, or in another word, part of the traditional measures could be used, but the new measures should be add-on. Since the inherent limitation of the cross sectional method, it is suggested to increase the sampling selection and adoption of other factors for the future research.
Soil microbial biomass, activity and community composition along altitudinal gradients in the High Arctic (Billefjorden, Svalbard)

Abstract. The unique and fragile High Arctic ecosystems are vulnerable to global climate warming. The elucidation of factors driving microbial distribution and activity in arctic soils is essential for a comprehensive understanding of ecosystem functioning and its response to environmental change. The goals of this study were to investigate microbial biomass and activity, microbial community structure (MCS), and their environmental controls in soils along three elevational transects in the coastal mountains of Billefjorden, central Svalbard. Soils from four different altitudes (25, 275, 525 and 765 m above sea level) were analyzed for a suite of characteristics including temperature regimes, organic matter content, base cation availability, moisture, pH, potential respiration, and microbial biomass and community structure using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). We observed significant spatial heterogeneity of edaphic properties among transects, resulting in transect-specific effects of altitude on most soil parameters. We did not observe any clear elevation pattern in microbial biomass, and microbial activity revealed contrasting elevational patterns between transects. We found relatively large horizontal variability in MCS (i.e., between sites of corresponding elevation in different transects), mainly due to differences in the composition of bacterial PLFAs, but also a systematic altitudinal shift in MCS related to different habitat preferences of fungi and bacteria, which resulted in high fungi-to-bacteria ratios at the most elevated sites. The biological soil crusts on these most elevated, unvegetated sites can host microbial assemblages of a size and activity comparable to those of the arctic tundra ecosystem. The key environmental factors determining horizontal and vertical changes in soil microbial properties were soil pH, organic carbon content, soil moisture and Mg2+ availability.
Cognitive and motivational factors support health literacy and acquisition of new health information in later life

Health literacy refers to the ability to read, understand and use health information to maintain or improve one's health. Health literacy skills have been linked to outcomes such as medication adherence, improved health and decreased health-care costs. Health literacy is particularly low among older adults. Given demographic projections that 20% of the U.S. population will be over age 65 by 2030, there is a pressing need to understand health literacy in later life. We present such a framework, as well as data from two studies that show how cognitive and motivational factors support one aspect of health literacy, namely, the acquisition of new health information. A clearer understanding of these issues will provide insight for targeting educational interventions designed to increase health literacy among aging adults.
Asymptotic Distribution of the Least Squares Estimator of the Cointegrating Vector (計量経済学の方法と応用 )

Problems associated with cointegration have recently attracted much attention. Granger(1981) first pointed out that integrated, multiple tirne series may have linear combinations which are stationary. In such a case those variables are said to be cointegrated and the transformation matrix which makes the integrated process stationary is called the cointegrating matrix. Engle and Granger(1987) discuss from a practical point of view the estimation and testing procedures for cointegration. Phillips and Ouliaris(1987)develop an asymptotic theory for tests for the presence of cointegration. Engle and Yoo(1987) explore the multistep forecasting behavior of cointegrated processes. In this paper we concentrate primarily on the regression relation among components of the integrated process and obtain the asymptotic distribution of the least squares estimator(LSE) of the regression coefficient. Especially for the two dimensional case we compute the limiting distribution of the normaliz.ed estimator. In Section 2 we describe a general model for the integrated progess. In Section 3 we discuss the case where there exists no cointegration. This includes as a special case the spurious regression observed in Granger and Newbold(1974). Section 4 deals with the case of cointegration. In these two sections the limiting distribution functions are obtained together with percent points and moments. Proofs of some theorems are provided in Appendix.
BIRD MIGRATION THROUGH A MOUNTAIN PASS STUDIED WITH HIGH RESOLUTION RADAR, CEILOMETERS, AND CENSUS

Abstract Autumnal migration was studied with high-resolution radar, ceilometer, and daily census in the area of Franconia Notch, a major pass in the northern Appalachian Mountains. Under synoptic conditions favorable for migration, broadfront movements of migrants toward the south passed over the mountains, often above a temperature inversion. Birds at lower elevations appeared to be influenced by local topography. Birds moving southwest were concentrated along the face of the mountain range. Birds appeared to deviate their flights to follow local topography through the pass. Specific migratory behavior was not associated with species or species groups. Under synoptic conditions unfavorable for southward migration, multimodal movements probably associated with local flights were as dense as the southward migrations described above. Avian migrants reacting to local terrain may result in concentrations of migrants over ridge summits or other topographic features.
Habitability of the Goldilocks Planet Gliese 581g: Results from Geodynamic Models

Aims: In 2010, detailed observations have been published that seem to indicate another super-Earth planet in the system of Gliese 581 located in the midst of the stellar climatological habitable zone. The mass of the planet, known as Gl 581g, has been estimated to be between 3.1 and 4.3 Earth masses. In this study, we investigate the habitability of Gl 581g based on a previously used concept that explores its long-term possibility of photosynthetic biomass production, which has already been used to gauge the principal possibility of life regarding the super-Earths Gl 581c and Gl 581d. Methods: A thermal evolution model for super-Earths is used to calculate the sources and sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide. The habitable zone is determined by the limits of photosynthetic biological productivity on the planetary surface. Models with different ratios of land / ocean coverage are pursued. Results: The maximum time span for habitable conditions is attained for water worlds at a position of about 0.14+/-0.015 AU, which deviates by just a few percent (depending on the adopted stellar luminosity) from the actual position of Gl 581g, an estimate that does however not reflect systematic uncertainties inherent in our model. Therefore, in the framework of our model an almost perfect Goldilock position is realized. The existence of habitability is found to critically depend on the relative planetary continental area, lending a considerable advantage to the possibility of life if Gl 581g's ocean coverage is relatively high. Conclusions: Our results are a further step toward identifying the possibility of life beyond the Solar System, especially concerning super-Earth planets, which appear to be more abundant than previously surmised.