Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Classification of Imbalanced Hyperspectral Images Using ADASYN and Enhanced Deep Subsampled Multi-Grained Cascaded Forest

Hyperspectral image (HSI) analysis generally suffers from issues such as high dimensionality, imbalanced sample sets for different classes, and the choice of classifiers for artificially balanced datasets. The existing conventional data imbalance removal techniques and forest classifiers lack a more efficient approach to dealing with the aforementioned issues. In this study, we propose a novel hybrid methodology ADASYN-enhanced subsampled multi-grained cascade forest (ADA-Es-gcForest) which comprises four folds: First, we extracted the most discriminative global spectral features by reducing the vast dimensions, i.e., the redundant bands using principal component analysis (PCA). Second, we applied the subsampling-based adaptive synthetic minority oversampling method (ADASYN) to augment and balance the dataset. Third, we used the subsampled multi-grained scanning (Mg-sc) to extract the minute local spatial–spectral features by adaptively creating windows of various sizes. Here, we used two different forests—a random forest (RF) and a complete random forest (CRF)—to generate the input joint-feature vectors of different dimensions. Finally, for classification, we used the enhanced deep cascaded forest (CF) that improvised in the dimension reduction of the feature vectors and increased the connectivity of the information exchange between the forests at the different levels, which elevated the classifier model’s accuracy in predicting the exact class labels. Furthermore, the experiments were accomplished by collecting the three most appropriate, publicly available his landcover datasets—the Indian Pines (IP), Salinas Valley (SV), and Pavia University (PU). The proposed method achieved 91.47%, 98.76%, and 94.19% average accuracy scores for IP, SV, and PU datasets. The validity of the proposed methodology was testified against the contemporary state-of-the-art eminent tree-based ensembled methods, namely, RF, rotation forest (RoF), bagging, AdaBoost, extreme gradient boost, and deep multi-grained cascade forest (DgcForest), by simulating it numerically. Our proposed model achieved correspondingly higher accuracies than those classifiers taken for comparison for all the HS datasets.
Design and Analysis of Wave Energy Converter Technologies

Energy from renewables is the demand of the future. This is due to the fact that majority of the current energy generation technologies pose serious environmental hazards. Among the renewables, hydro, solar and wind power are utilized extensively, and its power plants have been installed as well in various parts of the world. However, wave power technologies are still immature in various parts of the world. This paper reviews and discusses the current state of the art of wave power technologies. Also, it a amalgamates the main concerns in the design of wave energy converters.
Examining the relationship between falls self-efficacy and postural sway in community-dwelling older adults

The most common cause for both fatal and nonfatal injuries for older adults in the U.S. is experiencing a fall. Researchers are interested in identifying variables which may help predict a person’s likelihood of falling to create targeted, preventative initiatives. Previous research has explored the relationship between psychosocial and biophysical fall predictors on fall outcomes but rarely explores the ontological lens which surrounds how these finding are interpreted. The purpose of this study was to further examine the relationship between falls self-efficacy and postural sway, in community-dwelling, aging adults (N=107, mean age 73.8, + 7.95, female 80) to bring a more robust understanding of fall risk assessment using a Biopsychosocial (BPS) perspective through the International Classification of Functioning model (ICF). The Modified Falls Efficacy Scale measured fall self-efficacy and the BTrackS balance assessment system measured postural sway. A moderate negative correlation was found between falls self-efficacy and eyes open postural sway (r = -.403, p < .001.), indicating that as a person’s self-efficacy score increases, their sway decreases, in line with previous studies. Participants experienced overall high self-efficacy, stellar balance performance for their age group, and low self-reported falls, leading one to wonder what variables cause the decline in performance and competence and/or contribute to a fall in such a group. Using a BPS perspective through the ICF, researchers suggest further exploration into the role that ableism and fear of disability play in the decline, and the responsibility of clinicians to disrupt anti-ableist narratives within rehabilitation and research.
Higher Order Turbulence Results for a Three-Dimensional Pressure-Driven Turbulent Boundary Layer.

Abstract : Triple and fourth-order turbulence products obtained from coincident fine-spatial-resolution three-velocity-component laser-Doppler-anemometer measurements are presented for a three-dimensional pressure-driven turbulent boundary layer from y(+)>3 to the outer edge in local wall-shear-stress-direction co-ordinates. The wind tunnel flow is produced by a Re(theta) = 5940, U(ref) = 27.5 m/s, upstream turbulent boundary layer on a flat surface that approaches a wing-body junction, although no results near the junction vortex are presented. For most of the presented locations, the mean velocities and stresses from this data set were previously discussed by Olcmen and Simpson (1995a). New data at additional locations and for a mean two-dimensional flow are presented. Results are plotted in 6 different co-ordinate systems in Appendices A-F.
Inclusion of Grape Pomace in Finishing Cattle Diets: Carcass Traits, Meat Quality and Fatty Acid Composition

Simple Summary Grape pomace, a by-product of winemaking, could be used as feed for beef cattle as it provides essential nutrients like fiber and protein. Grape pomace also contains bioactive compounds like condensed tannins, which have been shown to improve meat quality primarily in lambs. Since this information was still lacking, the present study evaluated the effects of feeding a high amount of grape pomace to finishing cattle on quality attributes (e.g., shelf life) and the fatty acid composition of beef. Feeding a high amount of grape pomace to finishing cattle reduced lipid oxidation and increased the meat content of several fatty acids linked to positive health outcomes in humans (e.g., total polyunsaturated fatty acids). These findings suggest that dietary inclusion of grape pomace in finishing cattle diets could enhance the sensory quality of beef and the health value of beef lipids. Abstract Because of its high content of polyphenolic compounds, dietary inclusion of grape pomace (GP) in finishing cattle diet could possibly enhance product quality and the health value of beef lipids. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding a high amount of grape pomace in finishing cattle diets on carcass traits, product quality, and fatty acid (FA) composition of beef. Jersey × Holstein crosses (n = 24) were fed either a typical finishing diet (CON) or a finishing diet containing 58% grape pomace (DM basis; HGP). Following the feeding period, animals were harvested, and carcass traits measured. Longissimus lumborum (LL) and semimembranosus (SM) muscle were then collected from each carcass for sensory quality evaluation and FA profile analysis. Hot carcass weight, backfat thickness, and preliminary and final yield grades were greater (p ≤ 0.04) for CON than HGP steers. However, there was no diet effect on rib eye area (REA), kidney, pelvic, and heart (KPH) fat, and marbling. Feeding the HGP compared to CON diet reduced lipid oxidation of LL and SM steaks over time; the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, which did not differ on d 0 and 2 of 8-d simulated retail display, was lower on d 4, 6 and 8 for HGP than CON steers (treatment × day of simulated display interaction; p < 0.01). Brightness (L* values) and redness (b*) were greater for LL steaks from HGP than CON steers on most days of simulated display (treatment × day of simulated display interaction; p < 0.01). In addition, the LL and SM muscle content of several FA linked to positive health outcomes in humans including 18:2 n-6, 18:2 c9t11, total conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was also greater (p ≤ 0.02) for steers fed the HGP compared to the CON diet. In summary, current findings suggest that although it could possibly limit growth performance, feeding a high amount of grape pomace to finishing cattle could enhance both the sensory quality and the health value of beef lipids, which are key in increasing consumer acceptability of beef.
Partition of the total excitation energy between complementary fragments

Two methods of the total excitation energy (TXE) partition between complementary fission fragments (FF) are compared: one based on the "classical" hypothesis of prompt neutron emission from fully accelerated FF with both fragments having the same residual nuclear temperature distribution,the second one on the systematic behavior of the experimental multiplicity ratio {\nu}H/({\nu}L+{\nu}H) as a function of the heavy fragment mass number AH,the complementary FF having different residual temperature distributions.These methods were applied on six fissioning systems: 233,235U(nth,f), 239Pu(nth,f), 237Np(n5.5MeV,f), 252Cf(SF), 248Cm(SF) and fragment excitation energies,level density parameters,fragment and fragment pair temperatures were compared.Limitations of the "classical" TXE partition method are shown.Residual temperature ratios RT=TL/TH versus AH,local and global parameterizations of RT(AH) for the neutron induced fissioning systems are obtained.Average values of quantities characterizing prompt neutron emission are discussed.A linear decrease of with the mass number of the fissioning nucleus and a linear decrease of the average C parameter with the fissility parameter is obtained.Point by Point (PbP) model calculations validate the RT(AH) parameterizations.The multi-parametric matrix {\nu}(A,TKE) as well as prompt neutron and gamma-ray emission quantities as a function of fragment mass,total average prompt neutron multiplicity and spectrum and prompt neutron multiplicity distribution P({\nu}) were calculated.The global RT(AH) parameterization extends the use of the PbP model to predict prompt neutron emission quantities for fissioning systems without experimental data.An explanation of the less pronounced sawtooth shape of {\nu}(A) and the increase of {\nu}(A) with incident neutron energy only for heavy fragments is given and exemplified by quantitative results of the PbP model.
HANGROOT: Stata module creating a hanging rootogram comparing an empirical distribution to the best fitting theoretical distribution

hangroot draws a hanging rootogram comparing the empirical distribution of a variable to the best fitting theoretical distribution. It is an alternative for histogram with the theoretical density function plotted on top. It differs from a histogram in two ways: 1) Instead of showing the freqencies it shows the square root of the frequencies. This way deviations in the tails, where the counts are small, become more visible. 2) The spikes or bars "hang" from the theoretical distribution instead of "standing" on the x-axis. The deviations are now shown as deviations from a horzontal line (y=0) instead of deviations from a curve (the density function). This makes it easier to spot patterns in the deviations.
Prognostic Signature Development on the Basis of Macrophage Phagocytosis-Mediated Oxidative Phosphorylation in Bladder Cancer

Background Macrophages are correlated with the occurrence and progression of bladder cancer (BCa). However, few research has focused on the predictive relevance of macrophage phagocytosis-mediated oxidative phosphorylation (MPOP) with BCa overall survival. Herein, we aimed to propose the targeted macrophage control based on MPOP as a treatment method for BCa immunotherapy. Methods The mRNA expression data sets and clinical data of bladder cancer originated from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data set. A systematic study of several GEO data sets found differentially expressed macrophage phagocytosis regulators (DE-MPR) between BCa and normal tissues. To discover overall survival-associated DE-MPR and develop prognostic gene signature with performance validated based on receiver operating curves and Kaplan-Meier curves, researchers used univariate and Lasso Cox regression analysis (ROC). External validation was done with GSE13057 and GSE69795. To clarify its molecular mechanism and immune relevance, GO/KEGG enrichment analysis and tumor immune analysis were used. To find independent bladder cancer prognostic variables, researchers employed multivariate Cox regression analysis. Finally, using TCGA data set, a predictive nomogram was built. Results In BCa, a four-gene signature of oxidative phosphorylation composed of PTPN6, IKZF3, HDLBP, and EMC1 was found to predict overall survival. With the MPOP feature, the ROC curve showed that TCGA data set and the external validation data set performed better in predicting overall survival than the traditional AJCC stage. The four-gene signature can identify cancers from normal tissue and separate patients into the high-risk and low-risk groups with different overall survival rates. The four MPOP-gene signature was an independent predictive factor for BCa. In predicting overall survival, a nomogram integrating genetic and clinical prognostic variables outperformed AJCC staging. Multiple oncological features and invasion-associated pathways were identified in the high-risk group, which were also correlated with significantly lower levels of immune cell infiltration. Conclusion This paper found the MPOP-feature gene and developed a predictive nomogram capable of accurately predicting bladder cancer overall survival. The above discoveries can contribute to the development of personalized treatments and medical decisions.
Observational constraints on Chaplygin cosmology in a braneworld scenario with induced gravity and curvature effect

We study cosmological dynamics and late-time evolution of an extended induced gravity braneworld scenario. In this scenario, curvature effects are taken into account via the Gauss–Bonnet term in the bulk action and there is also a Chaplygin gas component on the brane. We show that this model mimics an effective phantom behaviour in a relatively wider range of redshifts than previously formulated models. It also provides a natural framework for smooth crossing of the phantom-divide line due to presence of the Chaplygin gas component on the brane. We confront the model with observational data from Type Ia supernovae, cosmic microwave background and baryonic acoustic oscillations to constrain the model parameter space.
DISCOVERY OF THE TRANSITING PLANET KEPLER-5b

We present 44 days of high duty cycle, ultra precise photometry of the 13th magnitude star Kepler-5 (KIC 8191672, Teff= 6300 K, log g= 4.1), which exhibits periodic transits with a depth of 0.7%. Detailed modeling of the transit is consistent with a planetary companion with an orbital period of 3.548460 ± 0.000032 days and a radius of 1.431+0.041−0.052 RJ. Follow-up radial velocity measurements with the Keck HIRES spectrograph on nine separate nights demonstrate that the planet is more than twice as massive as Jupiter with a mass of 2.114+0.056−0.059 MJ and a mean density of 0.894 ± 0.079 g cm−3.
Caulis Polygoni Multiflori Accelerates Megakaryopoiesis and Thrombopoiesis via Activating PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK Signaling Pathways

Thrombocytopenia is one of the most common complications of cancer therapy. Until now, there are still no satisfactory medications to treat chemotherapy and radiation-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT and RIT, respectively). Caulis Polygoni Multiflori (CPM), one of the most commonly used Chinese herbs, has been well documented to nourish blood for tranquilizing the mind and treating anemia, suggesting its beneficial effect on hematopoiesis. However, it is unknown whether CPM can accelerate megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. Here, we employ a UHPLC Q–Exactive HF-X mass spectrometer (UHPLC QE HF-X MS) to identify 11 ingredients in CPM. Then, in vitro experiments showed that CPM significantly increased megakaryocyte (MK) differentiation and maturation but did not affect apoptosis and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release of K562 and Meg-01 cells. More importantly, animal experiments verified that CPM treatment markedly accelerated platelet recovery, megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis in RIT mice without hepatic and renal toxicities in vivo. Finally, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and western blot were used to determine that CPM increased the expression of proteins related to PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK (MAPK) signaling pathways. On the contrary, blocking PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK signaling pathways with their specific inhibitors suppressed MK differentiation induced by CPM. In conclusion, for the first time, our study demonstrates that CPM may be a promised thrombopoietic agent and provide an experimental basis for expanding clinical use.
Reflectionless potentials and PT symmetry

Large families of Hamiltonians that are non-Hermitian in the conventional sense have been found to have all eigenvalues real, a fact attributed to an unbroken PT symmetry. The corresponding quantum theories possess an unconventional scalar product. The eigenvalues are determined by differential equations with boundary conditions imposed in wedges in the complex plane. For a special class of such systems, it is possible to impose the PT -symmetric boundary conditions on the real axis, which lies on the edges of the wedges. The PT symmetric spectrum can then be obtained by imposing the more transparent requirement that the potential be reflectionless.
Semiclassical dynamics of nanoelectromechanical systems

We investigate the dynamics of a single phonon (oscillator) mode linearly coupled to an electronic few-level system in contact with external particle reservoirs (leads). A stationary electronic current through the system generates non-trivial dynamical behaviour of the oscillator. Using Feynman-Vernon influence functional theory, we derive a Langevin equation for the oscillator trajectory that is non-perturbative in the system-leads coupling and from which we extract effective oscillator potentials and friction coefficients. For the two simplest cases of a single and two coupled electronic levels, we discuss various regimes of the oscillator dynamics.
Effect of the Combined Compound Probiotics with Glycyrrhinic Acid on Alleviating Cytotoxicity of IPEC-J2 Cells Induced by Multi-Mycotoxins

Aflatoxins B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) are the three most prevalent mycotoxins, whose contamination of food and feed is a severe worldwide problem. In order to alleviate the toxic effects of multi-mycotoxins (AFB1 + DON + ZEA, ADZ) on inflammation and apoptosis in swine jejunal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2), three species of probiotics (Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pseudomonas lactis at 1 × 105 CFU/mL, respectively) were mixed together to make compound probiotics (CP), which were further combined with 400 μg/mL of glycyrrhinic acid (GA) to make bioactive materials (CGA). The experiment was divided into four groups, i.e., the control, ADZ, CGA and ADZ + CGA groups. The results showed that ADZ decreased cell viability and induced cytotoxicity, while CGA addition could alleviate ADZ-induced cytotoxicity. Moreover, the mRNA expressions of IL-8, TNF-α, NF-Κb, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-1 and ASCT2 genes, and protein expressions of TNF-α and Claudin-1 were significantly upregulated in ADZ group; while the mRNA abundances of IL-8, TNF-α, NF-Κb, Caspase-3, ASCT2 genes, and protein expressions of TNF-α and Claudin-1 were significantly downregulated in the ADZ + CGA group. In addition, the protein expressions of COX-2, ZO-1, and ASCT2 were significantly downregulated in the ADZ group, compared with the control group; whereas CGA co-incubation with ADZ could increase these protein expressions to recover to normal levels. This study indicated that CGA could alleviate cytotoxicity, apoptosis and inflammation in ADZ-induced IPEC-J2 cells and protect intestinal cell integrity from ADZ damages.
The geometry and phase structure of non-relativistic branes

We use the solution-generating technique, the TsT transformation, to obtain new solutions in type II string theory as well as in M-theory. We explicitly work out examples starting with rotating D3 and M2 branes as well as the D1–D5-p system. Among a variety of solutions, we find many of them having asymptotic Schrödinger symmetry. We also devise a new method of deriving the free energy of black brane systems, which is more efficient than the Euclidean action procedure. We test our method on known examples before applying it to new asymptotically Schrödinger backgrounds. We study the phase structure of these backgrounds by analyzing the free energy thus derived.
Detection of diffuse radio emission in the galaxy clusters A800, A910, A1550, and CL 1446+26

Context. Radio halos are elusive sources located at the center of merging galaxy clusters. To date, only ∼40 radio halos are known, thus the discovery of new halos provide important insights on this class of sources. Aims. To improve the statistics of radio halos, we investigated the radio continuum emission in a sample of galaxy clusters. Methods. We analyzed archival Very Large Array observations at 1.4 GHz, with a resolution of ≃ 1′. These observations complemented by X-ray, optical, and higher resolution radio data allowed to detect a new radio halo in the central region of A800 and A1550. We discovered a radio relic in the periphery of A910, and finally we revealed both a halo and a relic in CL1446+26. Results. Clusters hosting these new halos show an offset between the radio and the X-ray peak. By analyzing this offset statistically we found that radio halos can be quite asymmetric with respect to the X-ray gas distribution, with an average radio−X-ray displacement of about 180 kpc. When the offsets are normalized by the halo size, there is a tendency for smaller halos to show larger displacements.
Temporal reasoning in trajectories using an ontological modelling approach

Nowadays, with a growing use of location-aware, wirelessly connected, mobile devices, we can easily capture trajectories of mobile objects. To exploit these raw trajectories, we need to enhance them with semantic information. Several research elds are currently focusing on semantic trajectories to support inferences and queries to help users validating and discovering more knowledge about mobile objects. The inference mechanism is needed for queries on semantic trajectories connected to other sources of information. Time and space knowledge are fundamental sources of information used by the inference operation on semantic trajectories. This article discusses new approach for inference mechanisms on semantic trajectories. The proposed solution is based on an ontological approach for modelling semantic trajectories integrating time concepts and rules. We present a case study with experiments, optimization and evaluation to show the complexity of inference and queries. Then, we introduce a re nement algorithm based on temporal neighbour to enhance the temporal inference. The results show the positive impact of our proposal on reducing the complexity of the inference mechanism.