Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mutational uncoupling of the transcriptional activation function of the TyrR protein of Escherichia coli K-12 from the repression function

The tyrosine repressor (TyrR) protein of Escherichia coli can function either as a transcriptional enhancer or as a repressor. The structural basis for these opposite effects was analyzed in specific tyrR deletion mutants constructed in vitro. The functional behavior of the mutant TyrR proteins was evaluated in vivo by using single-copy lacZ reporter systems based on the mtr promoter (10-fold activation by wild-type TyrR protein, mediated by phenylalanine or tyrosine) or the aroF promoter (over 20-fold repression by wild-type TyrR protein, mediated by tyrosine). A mutant TyrR protein lacking amino acids 2 to 9 was completely devoid of transcriptional activation function. Five additional mutant TyrR proteins lacking progressively greater numbers of N-terminal amino acids were likewise activation defective. The mutant TyrR proteins lacking amino acid residues 2 to 9 or 2 to 19 were essentially identical to the wild-type TyrR protein in their ability to repress the aroF promoter. Three other TyrR mutant proteins, lacking up to 143 amino acid residues from the N-terminal end of the protein, retained the ability to repress the aroF promoter, to different extents, in a tyrosine-dependent manner.
Conditioning of MWPCs for the LHCb muon system

We report on the conditioning of the multi-wire proportional chambers (MWPC) for the LHCb muon system. The MWPCs destined for the inner regions of the muon stations have demanding requirements in terms of rate capability (>100 kHz/cm/sup 2/) and ageing properties. Conditioning of the chambers is therefore of utmost importance. After construction, all chambers undergo a conditioning procedure in two steps, resulting in successful cleaning of anode and cathode surfaces. Conditioned chambers show excellent behaviour under working conditions.
Age at onset as a factor in determining the phenotype of primary torsion dystonia

Background: The genetic basis of most forms of primary torsion dystonia (PTD) is unknown; multiplex families are uncommon due to low penetrance. Intrafamilial, age-related, phenotypic heterogeneity was noted in 14 PTD families. The authors hypothesized that the clinical presentation of PTD was modulated by the age at onset of the dystonia, irrespective of the genotype. Methods: This hypothesis was addressed in a study of 14 PTD families and a meta-analysis of 83 published series of PTD. Results: In 12 families with adult-onset PTD, the index cases presented with cervical dystonia (CD); of the 22 affected relatives, 17 had CD, 2 had writer’s cramp, 1 had blepharospasm, and 2 had spasmodic dysphonia. In the two other PTD families, the probands and all 10 symptomatic relatives had limb-onset dystonia at <20 years of age. There were differences between the median ages at onset of the different phenotypes (p = 0.0037). Analysis of 83 published series including 5,057 patients indicated significant differences in the mean age at onset of five phenotypes of PTD (mean age at onset; 95% CI): DYT1 dystonia (11.3 years; 10.3 to 12.2), writer’s cramp (38.4; 36.9 to 39.9), CD (40.8; 40.3 to 41.3), spasmodic dysphonia (43.0; 42.2 to 43.9), and blepharospasm–oromandibular dystonia (55.7; 55.1 to 56.4). Conclusion: Phenotypic variation in PTD presentation is due to the effect of age at onset modulating the expression of a genetic disorder with a caudal-to-rostral change in the site of onset.
Effect of different terminating resistors on the FRA method sensitivity

Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) method proved to be very useful in detecting the mechanical deformations inside a power transformer. Several configurations are possible for FRA method and it is better to use the one with the best sensitivity to mechanical changes. In this paper, the effect of terminating resistors on the FRA traces is studied in order to find the most sensitive ones. The sensitivity to disc space variation, which is a common mechanical defect, is studied particularly. Four usual connection methods are used with 12 different resistor pairs in an experimental setup. In order to perform the sensitivity analysis, three numerical indices are employed. The results and general conclusions are provided regarding the use of terminating resistors, but more research need to be conducted for other typical mechanical variations in power transformers.
Investigation of the impact of feeding Lactobacillus plantarum CRL 1815 encapsulated in microbially derived polymers on the rat faecal microbiota

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the administration of microencapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum CRL 1815 with two combinations of microbially derived polysaccharides, xanthan : gellan gum (1%:0·75%) and jamilan : gellan gum (1%:1%), on the rat faecal microbiota.
Peripheral Nerve Repair: Terminology, Questions, and Facts

The most important single technical factor in peripheral nerve repair is the coaptation of fascicular tissue. Only an exact description of how coaptation is achieved according to fascicular patterns, can provide the basis for a comparison of results. The problem of preparation of the stumps was discussed, and a method was suggested for defining conditions at different stump levels, in order to indicate to which level the resection should be carried. Demonstrations of the advantages of resecting the epifascicular epineurium, relating to various types of fascicular patterns, were provided. Different factors which contribute to the formation of gaps between nerve stumps were analyzed. Problems related to the sliding capacity of peripheral nerves were discussed, as well as the relationship between sliding capacity and tension distribution along the nerve. A schematic overview of different possibilities for overcoming gaps at the coaptation site was provided. Suggestions were offered for defining the term "neurotization," and different neurolysis procedures were described.
Glucose Modulates Respiratory Complex I Activity in Response to Acute Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Background: How are mitochondrial functions regulated in response to mitochondrial defects? Results: Acute OXPHOS defects lead rapidly to a glucose-dependent repression of complex I activity. Conclusion: We discovered an “emergency shutdown” system adapting respiratory chain function to mitochondrial defects. Significance: This study reveals a novel type of metabolic regulation that could open the way to medically useful alterations of OXPHOS. Proper coordination between glycolysis and respiration is essential, yet the regulatory mechanisms involved in sensing respiratory chain defects and modifying mitochondrial functions accordingly are unclear. To investigate the nature of this regulation, we introduced respiratory bypass enzymes into cultured human (HEK293T) cells and studied mitochondrial responses to respiratory chain inhibition. In the absence of respiratory chain inhibitors, the expression of alternative respiratory enzymes did not detectably alter cell physiology or mitochondrial function. However, in permeabilized cells NDI1 (alternative NADH dehydrogenase) bypassed complex I inhibition, whereas alternative oxidase (AOX) bypassed complex III or IV inhibition. In contrast, in intact cells the effects of the AOX bypass were suppressed by growth on glucose, whereas those produced by NDI1 were unaffected. Moreover, NDI1 abolished the glucose suppression of AOX-driven respiration, implicating complex I as the target of this regulation. Rapid Complex I down-regulation was partly released upon prolonged respiratory inhibition, suggesting that it provides an “emergency shutdown” system to regulate metabolism in response to dysfunctions of the oxidative phosphorylation. This system was independent of HIF1, mitochondrial superoxide, or ATP synthase regulation. Our findings reveal a novel pathway for adaptation to mitochondrial dysfunction and could provide new opportunities for combatting diseases.
Effect of Salt on the Micellization Kinetics of pH-Responsive ABC Triblock Copolymers

The pH-induced micellization kinetics of poly(glycerol monomethacrylate)-b-poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PGMA-b-PDMA-b-PDEA) in the presence of salt (NaCl) was investigated by stopped-flow light scattering and fluorescence, and the results were compared to those obtained with salt-free solutions. Upon jumping from pH 4 to 12, this triblock copolymer forms micelles that consist of a central PDEA core, shielded by a PDMA inner shell and a PGMA outer corona. For micelle formation in the presence or absence of salt, all relaxation curves recorded by stopped-flow light scattering can be well fitted with a double-exponential function, leading to a fast relaxation time constant (τ1) and a slow relaxation time constant (τ2). The fast process (τ1) is associated with the formation of quasi-equilibrium micelles, while the slow process (τ2) is associated with micelle formation−breakup, approaching the final equilibrium state. Both processes occur much more slowl.
IT Governance in Post-Adoption Stages of CRM Diffusion: An Institutional Perspective

Drawing upon the structuration theory of technology assimilation and the literature on IT governance, this study develops a conceptual model to examine the role of IT governance in post-adoption stages of CRM diffusion. We conceptualize decision execution mechanisms of IT governance as including two dimensions—vertical advocacy from top management and horizontal coordination between business and IT managers, which are assumed to facilitate CRM use and value creation. We analyze a dataset of 82 Chinese firms. Our results show that: (1) vertical advocacy and horizontal coordination, significantly contribute to the three stages of CRM diffusion; (2) vertical advocacy has a greater effect on CRM diffusion than horizontal coordination; (3) CRM use creates operational and strategic benefits in customer-oriented business processes, which further improves firm performance.
Clinical Investigation 18 F-Fluorodeoxyglucose / Positron Emission Tomography Predicts Patterns of Failure After Definitive Chemoradiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

F-Fluorodeoxyglucose/Positron Emission Tomography Predicts Patterns of Failure After Definitive Chemoradiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Nitin Ohri, MD, MS,* William R. Bodner, MD,* Balazs Halmos, MD,y Haiying Cheng, MD, PhD,y Roman Perez-Soler, MD,y Steven M. Keller, MD,z Shalom Kalnicki, MD,* and Madhur Garg, MD* Departments of *Radiation Oncology, yOncology, and zCardiothoracic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
Analysis of pulse transformer on distributed parameter theory

The pulse responses of magnetically coupled pulse transformers of arbitrary turn ratio n:1 are considered in the framework of a distributed parameter theory. Equivalent circuits for the calculation of pulse risetime and flat-top responses are introduced for inverting- and noninverting-type transformers, respectively. With these equivalent circuits, the pulse risetime responses are calculated more precisely than with the lumped-parameter circuit theory. Measured responses of pulse transformers agree well with the theoretical predictions. >
American Society of Human Genetics presidential address, October 18, 1990.

The American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG) has a deep-rooted responsibility-the understanding of and care for patients with genetic disease. We have embraced and developed new technologies to answer the questions our patients raise. Our membership has interest in and empathy for the patient and family with genetic disease. We recognize the importance of our patients' contributions to new knowledge, and we are sensitive to patient care needs. It will continue to be our studyof the special patientwith sensitive new genetic technologies that provides the ASHG incredible poten-tial for gaining new knowledge of disease and human biology. I wish to illustrate here a few of the outstand-ing contributions of physicians, geneticists, and molecular biologists.
Neuropilin‐1 expression in osteogenic cells: Down‐regulation during differentiation of osteoblasts into osteocytes

The expression of neuropilin‐1 (NRP1), a recently described VEGF and semaphorin receptor expressed by endothelial cells (EC) but some non‐EC types as well, was analyzed in osteoblasts in vitro and in vivo. Cultured MC3T3‐E1 osteoblasts expressed NRP1 mRNA and bound VEGF165 but not VEGF121, characteristic of the VEGF isoform‐specific binding of NRP1. These cells did not express VEGFR‐1 or VEGFR‐2 so that VEGF binding to osteoblasts was strictly NRP1‐dependent. In a chick osteocyte differentiation system, NRP1 was expressed by osteoblasts but its expression was absent as the cells matured into osteocytes. Immunohistochemical localization of NRP1 within the developing bones of 36‐day‐old mice and embryonic Day 17 chicks demonstrated that NRP1 was expressed by osteoblasts migrating alongside invading blood vessels within the metaphysis of the growth plate, as well as by osteoblasts at the developing edge of trabeculae within the marrow cavity. On the other hand, NRP1 was not expressed by osteocytes in either species, consistent with the in vitro results. In addition to osteogenic cells, NRP1 expression by EC was observed throughout the bone. Together these results suggest that NRP1 might have a dual function in bone by mediating osteoblast function directly as well as angiogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 81:82–92, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sonoelasticity imaging of prostate cancer: in vitro results.

PURPOSE To compare sonoelasticity imaging versus ultrasound (US) in detection of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sonoelasticity imaging and US were performed on 10 prostatectomy specimens in which cancer was detected at previous biopsy. Six patients had no palpable lesions at digital rectal examination. Specimens were imaged axially at the apex, middle, and base of the gland to correlate with location of pathologic sections. All images were interpreted blindly and prospectively, and results were compared with pathologic findings. RESULTS Sensitivity and specificity with sonoelasticity imaging were 85% and 84%, respectively, and 30% and 100% with standard US when compared with pathologic findings. Sixty-four percent of pathologically confirmed tumors detected at sonoelasticity imaging were isoechoic on conventional US images. CONCLUSION In this limited study, sonoelasticity imaging was more sensitive for tumor detection and more accurate for assessment of tumor location than was conventional US.
Integration Solution for the Access to Heterogeneous Medical Devices - Communication with Healthcare Devices in Intensive Care Units

This paper presents a free Critical Care Information System (CCIS) that shows an essential infrastructure for critical care medical and nursing practice. Specifically, a Patient Integral Analysis Aid System (SAIP) in Intensive Care Units (ICU) has been developed to cover the needs discovered in these scenarios. An importart part of this system is related to medical equipment, that offers important information to help in medical diagnosis. ICU patients are usually connected to several of these devices which register their physiological parameters. The integration of these devices, in order to exchange the generated information, is difficult because they are developed by different manufacturers and with different communication protocols and information representations. Due to this, it has been necessary to develop a set of communication drivers for each medical device, according to the current regulations. To reach this objective, the developed drivers have a common interface for the access and collection of medical device data. The main goal of the present paper is to show the work done to obtain a real interoperability among medical devices from different manufacturers and with different communication protocols in ICU services for automatic data collection, storage and retrieval.
Discovering Cross-language Links in Wikipedia through Semantic Relatedness

Wikipedia is a large multilingual collection of interlinked articles, used and contributed by millions of users over the Internet, that provides editions in up to 283 languages. Two articles in different language versions of Wikipedia may have information on the exactly the same concept, in which case they are often connected through a cross-language link. However, many cross-language links are either missing or incorrect and this negatively affects both the readers of Wikipedia and multilingual information retrieval applications. In this paper, we propose WIKICL, an algorithm for discoverinrg cross-language links using the semantic relatedness of two articles derived from the Wikipedia graph structure. Our evaluation shows that we achieve comparable, and in some cases, better results than previous methods with much less computational time.
The Phosphotyrosine Interaction Domain of SHC Recognizes Tyrosine-phosphorylated NPXY Motif (*)

Reversible assembly of intracellular signaling complexes is, in some cases, mediated by direct binding of a Src homology 2 (SH2) domain of one protein to a phosphotyrosine moiety of another protein (Cantley, L. C., Auger, K. R., Carpenter, C. L., Duckworth, B., Graziani, A., Kapeller, R., and Soltoff, S.(1991) Cell 64, 281-302). Using a degenerate phosphotyrosine-containing peptide library, we showed that individual SH2 domains recognize phosphotyrosine in a specific sequence context to provide fidelity in signaling (Songyang, Z., Shoelson, S. E., Chaudhuri, M., Gish, G., Pawson, T., Haser, W. G., King, F., Roberts, T., Ratnofsky, S., Lechleider, R. J., Neel, B. G., Birge, R. B., Fajardo, J. E., Chou, M. M., Hanafusa, H., Schaffhausen, B., and Cantley, L. C.(1993) Cell 72, 767-778). Recently a second type of phosphotyrosine interaction domain (PID) or phosphotyrosine-binding domain (PTB) was discovered in the amino terminus of the SHC proto-oncoprotein (Kavanaugh, W. M., and Williams, L.(1994) Science 266, 1862-1865; Blaikie, P., Immanuel, D. , Wu, J., Li, N. , Yajnik, V. , and Margolis, B. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 32031-32034). Here we demonstrate, using a phosphotyrosine peptide library, that the SHC PID domain preferentially binds to the sequence Asn-Pro-Xaa-phosphotyrosine. This motif is in agreement with sequences at sites implicated in in vivo SHC binding. These results indicate that while SH2 domains predominantly interact with specific residues carboxyl-terminal of phosphotyrosine, the PID domain has high specificity for residues amino-terminal of phosphotyrosine.
Antioxidant capacity: Which capacity and how to assess it?

The role of antioxidants in the maintenance of health and prevention of disorders and diseases has received much attention. Above all, the action and effects of natural antioxidants contained in foods, fruits, spices, beverages and dietary supplements have been the subjects of extensive studies. The capacity of antioxidants has been assessed by various methods, but they often give inconsistent and conflicting results. Animal and human studies do not always support the beneficial effects of antioxidants and the methods for assessment of antioxidant effect are critically needed. In the present article, the methods of assessment of antioxidant capacity are critically reviewed.
A Feature-Based Reputation Model for Product Evaluation

Knowing the strengths and weaknesses of a product is very important for manufacturers and customers to make decisions. Several sentiment analysis systems are proposed to determine the opinions of customers about products and product features. However, the aggregation methods used are not able to estimate a true reputation value and to reflect the recent opinions quickly. Most of these systems are based on single source and therefore suffer from availability and susceptibility issues. In this paper, we propose a multi-source reputation model where several aggregation methods are introduced in order to evaluate product based on features. In addition, we also propose a method which uses four parameters in order to rank the reputability of each rating before considering it for reputation values. The results show that the proposed model estimates good reputation values even in the presence of biased behaviors, robust to false ratings and reflects the newest opinions about product rapidly.
Using Task Histories to Support Person-to-person Knowledge Exchange - Extracting and using Contextual Overlap and Levels of Expertise to Connect Knowledge Workers

Knowledge within organizations is increasingly distributed, which raises the challenge to connect the right individuals for knowledge exchange when needed. In this contribution we analyze this challenge in detail and propose a concept to connect the right individuals by relying on the task histories of the knowledge workers. We first investigate relevant theoretical models such as transactive memory theory, social capital theory for knowledge exchange and a model based on socio-motivational and problem solving theory to find relevant constructs. We then analyze the relevant state-of-the-art to find that all approaches have some limitations with respect to the theoretical models. Our proposed solution to the challenge builds on using task histories for the matching, and we show how it can be used to determine contextual overlap and level of expertise ? the first one is an adequate indicator for willingness to interact while the second one is an indicator for ability to have a fruitful interaction. We then describe a case study in which we employed our concept in a three month timeframe with 93 individuals. A survey after the case study shows that our assumptions concerning the relevance and benefit of context overlap are substantiated.
Biomimetic upper limb mechanism of humanoid robot for shock resistance based on viscoelasticity

Humanoid robots encounter high falling risks when they walk or operate in an uncertain environment. In this paper, we propose a biomimetic mechanism for the upper limb of a humanoid robot that provides shock resistance when the robot falls forward. This biomimetic mechanism is based on viscoelasticity, and was modeled on human bones and muscles to achieve supporting and buffering. We install a series elastic component within the robot's elbow and also install a viscoelastically active pneumatically actuated impact protection device. We perform the falling forward experiments using our experimental platform, and we employ encoder, IMU, air gauge and F-T sensor to collect the experimental data. Based on the analysis of the experimental data, we conclude that the proposed biomimetic mechanism which is modeled on actual human bones and muscles can support the robot body, absorb the falling impact and against falling damage.