Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endogenous Social Preferences in Bargaining and Contract Enforcement

In this study, we explore the impact of the endogenous nature of social preferences in bargaining on contract enforcement. For this purpose, we conduct laboratory experiments based on a one-shot gift exchange game in the context of firm-worker relationships. Our design admits two types of worker proposals on the contracts to his/her firm, defined as cheap talk. One contains only the desirable wage of the worker, while the other additionally contains his/her future effort. We find that worker preferences become biased in a more self-serving direction by making proposals in bargaining. That is, both types of worker cheap talk undermine reciprocity, thus deteriorating efficiency in an incomplete contract. Additional experiments show that the negative effect of cheap talk in bargaining is robust even for repeated interactions. By contrast, worker proposals including future efforts lead to successful coordination, which outweigh the negative effect on reciprocal behaviors.
Computational Design of Novel Materials

This report details the final year project of computational design of lattice structures. The aim of this project was to create a base platform for the design of custom and novel lattice structures using computationally expensive evaluations coupled with a multiobjective, multi-concept optimization algorithm. A literature review on space filling polyhedra, lattice structure applications and design optimization of lattice structures is presented. The methods for automated lattice generation of three space filling polyhedral cells is detailed. Automated repeatable evaluation functions of lattice properties using CATIA and ABAQUS are detailed. The integration of lattice generation and evaluations into the optimization algorithm is described. Four lattice optimisation problems are presented with problem formulation and results to validate the novel lattice structure design platform. Discussion of results and recommendations for continuation of this project and future work is included at the end of this report.
Reenacting the route to interpretation: Enhanced perceptual identification without prior perception.

Memory for processing a stimulus event may be expressed indirectly through more fluent processing of that stimulus on a later occasion. In 11 experiments, enhanced identification of words presented under visual masking was measured following events that involved reading target words or generating them from semantic cues. Amount of enhancement was related not to whether a word was actually seen on its first presentation, but to the degree to which it was integrated with its encoding context—integration led to less enhancement. It is proposed that 2 sets of operations are carried out during encoding. Interpretive encoding operations construct a context-sensitive interpretation of the stimulus and are optionally followed by elaborative encoding operations. Enhanced word identification due to memory for a prior episode is determined by the fluent reenactment of interpretive encoding operations applied during that episode. In their everyday use of the word, people usually think of remembering as a single act. This is evident in the frequent analogy to locating a book on a library shelf: The routine is done essentially the same way every time. But cognitive psychologists have shown over and over that, as appealing as the library analogy may be, it is not appropriate for describing memory. Remembering is not a single routine; it is a family of skills that we learn to use alone or in combination to meet the demands placed on us by our contexts. To understand memory, then, a key step will involve categorizing different types of remembering, finding commonalities among superficially different acts of remembering. In the past decade, this enterprise has focused particularly on a distinction between two ways of remembering—the deliberate recollection of specific episodes and the fluent application of memory for past experience to current task performance. Situations in which we deliberately attempt to remember have been called direct or explicit tests of memory (Richardson
Industry 4.0: Opportunities and Challenges for Operations Management

Industry 4.0 connotes a new industrial revolution centered around cyber-physical systems. It posits that the real-time connection of physical and digital systems, along with new enabling technologies, will change the way that work is done and therefore, how work should be managed. It has the potential to break, or at least change, the traditional operations trade-offs among the competitive priorities of cost, flexibility, speed, and quality. This article describes the technologies inherent in Industry 4.0 and the opportunities and challenges for research in this area. The focus is on goods-producing industries, which includes both the manufacturing and agricultural sectors. Specific technologies discussed include additive manufacturing, the internet of things, blockchain, advanced robotics, and artificial intelligence.
Level Of Corporate Social Disclosure In Malaysia

The research examines the level of corporate social disclosure among Bursa Malaysia listed companies during the period of recession of financial crisis and also during the pre and post financial crisis periods. The level of disclosure is measured using content analysis. The sample of 135 companies analysed included companies that existed from 1996 and remained going concerns until the year 2000. The disclosures on corporate social responsibility were found primarily in chairman’s’ reports. Our results show that the highest level of disclosure was in 1998 that is the period just after the economic crisis period. The human resource theme was the most disclosed item. Disclosures were mainly qualitative and favourable in nature.
Ensuring High-Level System Availability of Computing Services

Today number of institutes and their day-to-day activities are solely depended on IT. Almost every aspect of the institutional activity and services needs Internet connectivity and computing infrastructure to function. IT made the things faster, easier. At the same time, the responsibilities of implementer has increased multi-fold to ensure less downtime of applications and services. The cost of downtime is very high and may spoil the reputation of institution and its services. The best way to overcome the failure of the system or applications is setting up the high-level system availability. High-level system availability refers to a server or an application that ensures uninterrupted operational for a maximum possible time. In fact, a fault-free system or application that is expected to run without fail has to be well-designed and thoroughly tested before its deployment. Nowadays servers and underlying network have to manage a large volume of traffic to serve millions of clients. Perhaps, a single server may not sustain such a heavy load. In this computer era, it is very challenging task to achieve “100% Operational” or “never failing” of any computing environment. This can be achieved by implementing various redundancy mechanisms for hardware as well as software. Most of the organization prefers to deploy their applications on cloud so that the disaster recovery can be achieved with immediate effect without much complexity and safeguarding investments. High-level system availability can avoid having single point-of-failure. If failure occurs restoration can be performed in microseconds. This article attempts to give glimpses and technical highlights on achieving maximum uptime with minimal chances to failure of computing environment using presently available technologies.
Threats, Consequences and Issues of Various Attacks on Online Social Networks

Security is an important factor of life, which varies from home network to all aspects of our life. Data security is one of the challenges research areas where we can’t provide 100% security for any data and network. Initially the data were secured with Passwords and extended up to biometrics, eventually attackers also becoming stronger to heal the data. In this paper critical review has been done starting from the passwords for securing data to various biometric methods. By using modern tool the data are securing using biometric methods.
Frequency of Candida and Candidiasis in Tehran, Iran

C I T A T I O N L I N K S A R T I C L E I N F O Article Type Original Research Authors Zeinab Borjian Boroujeni, MSc1, Seyed Jamal Hashemi, PhD 1,2,*, Roshanak Daie Ghazvini, PhD 1, Mahdi Zareei, Ph.D 3, Zahra Rafat, Ph.D1 How to cite this article Borjian Boroujeni Z. , Hashemi S. J., Daie Ghazvini R. , Zareei M. Rafat Z. Frequency of Candida and Candidiasis in Tehran, Iran . Infection EpiI demiology and Microbiology. 2019;5(3):39-47 1Department of Medical Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3Department of Health, Rescue and Treatment of IR Iran Police Force, Tehran, Iran. * Correspondence Address: Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Phone: +9821 4293 3150 E-mail: sjhashemi@tums.ac. ir Article History Received: July 7 ,2019 Accepted: September 8 ,2019 Published: October 12 ,2019 Aims: In imbalanced conditions, Candida species colonization as a normal microflora of human skin and some mucosal surfaces is replaced by invasive forms (budding yeast cells, pseudohyphae, and true hyphae). This study aimed to investigate the frequency of Candida species and candidiasis with emphasis on the presence and propensity of different Candida species for pseudohyphae and true hyphae formation in clinical samples taken from various clinical forms of candidiasis. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study (2018 to 2019), sampling was done from 492 patients suspected to candidiasis, referred to the Medical Mycology Laboratory. Employing direct microscopy and culturing methods, the Candida species were identified using morphological and biochemical characteristics and also PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing. Findings: From a total of 96 candidiasis patients, 44.9% were identified with superficialcutaneous and 55.1% with visceral candidiasis. The most clinical strains were isolated from fingernail scrapings (33.2%), followed by bronchoalveolar lavage samples (17%). The mycelium was found in 55.2% of the cases, and the highest frequency was related to the nail specimens (34%, p <.05). C. albicans was the predominant species forming mycelium (69.8%), followed by C. tropicalis, but no mycelium was found in C. guilliermondii cases. Mycelium formation was observed more in patients with an underlying disease such as AIDS and organ transplantation (p <.05). Conclusion: Non-albicans Candida species have also the propensity to induce an invasive form of mycelial in the skin and to increase internal organs temperature, exacerbating clinical symptoms. This finding is important for choosing proper antifungal treatments and should be taken into account by clinicians.
A Hybrid Approach for Optimizing Parallel Clustering Throughput using the GPU

We introduce <sc>Hybrid-Dbscan</sc>, that uses the GPU and CPUs for optimizing clustering throughput. The main idea is to exploit the memory bandwidth on the GPU for fast index searches, and optimize data transfers between host and GPU, to alleviate the potential negative performance impact of the PCIe interconnect. We propose and compare two GPU kernels that exploit grid-based indexing schemes to improve neighborhood search performance. We employ a batching scheme for host-GPU data transfers to obviate limited GPU memory, and exploit concurrent operations on the host and GPU. This scheme is robust with respect to both sparse and dense data distributions and avoids buffer overflows that would otherwise degrade performance. We evaluate our approaches on ionospheric total electron content datasets as well as intermediate-redshift galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. <sc>Hybrid-Dbscan</sc> outperforms the reference implementation across a range of application scenarios, including small workloads, which typically are the domain of CPU-only algorithms. We advance an empirical response time performance model of <sc>Hybrid-Dbscan</sc> by utilizing the underlying properties of the datasets. With only a single execution of <sc>Hybrid-Dbscan</sc> on a dataset, we are able to accurately predict the response time for a range of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\epsilon$</tex-math><alternatives> <mml:math> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> </mml:math> <inline-graphic xlink:href="gowanlock-ieq1-2869777.gif"/></alternatives><alternatives> <mml:math> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> </mml:math> <inline-graphic xlink:href="gowanlock-ieq1-2869777.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> search distances.
A novel explicit context based approach for Computing Semantic Relatedness

Computing semantic relatedness (SR) of words is a main functionality of large amounts of language applications. Explicit Semantic Analysis (ESA) is successful in computing semantic relatedness. ESA is an approach to explicitly represent the meaning of any text as a weighted vector of Wikipedia-based concepts and calculate semantic relatedness between terms or documents based on comparing the corresponding vectors. However, ESA method generates the same vector for an ambiguous word and does not consider the given context of the word-pair. In this paper, we propose an improved method that first specifies the given context of word-pairs by Wikipedia-based concept network named wikinet then represents any word as a weighted vector of Wikipedia-based concepts and compares vectors by cosine metric. Empirical Evaluation on WordSimilarity-353 dataset shows that the proposed method provides consistent improvements in correlation of computed relatedness scores with human judgments compared to the existing methods. Keywords: computing semantic relatedness, wikinet, Wikipedia, word sense disambiguation, explicit semantic analysis.
An exploration of the barriers and enablers of using electrically assisted bikes (e-bikes) in the development of a stroke intervention for people after stroke

Background: Recently there has been an increased interest in the development of innovative approaches within stroke rehabilitation interventions to ensure long term maintenance of physical activity levels within the stroke population. Electrically assisted bikes (e-bike) have been shown to be an alternative form of physical activity for sedentary individuals and those with physical limitations. Currently the research into the use of e-bike by stroke survivors is limited and has not been explored within the context of stroke intervention design. This study explored the barriers and enablers to using an e-bike by stroke survivors in the development of a stroke rehabilitation intervention. Methods: A mixed methods case study approach using semi-structured interviews and e-bike usage data was used. Six stroke survivors with the ability to walk with or without assistance, were recruited from stroke support groups. Subject to approval from their doctor, participants had the opportunity to loan either an e-bike or e-trike for a duration of up to three months. Data collection was carried out over three phases: Pre-loan, during the e-bike loan and post e-bike loan. Semi-structured interviews were conducted pre and post loan to identify barriers and enablers and were analysed within the framework of a behaviour change model (the COM-B model). Results: Of the six participants, only three went on to loan an e-bike and participate in the post-loan interview. Reasons for withdrawal were because of a lack of storage space, non-approval from their doctor and not feeling comfortable using the e-bike. The analysis using the COM-B model identified that the most common barriers were in relation to the effects of physical impairment, knowledge about the e-bike and fear as a negative emotion. The main enablers were the effect that the e-bike had on fatigue, social support and the belief that using the e-bike was a mode of physical activity that was enjoyable and good for their health. Conclusion: The stroke survivors identified several barriers and enablers to using the e-bike. If e-bikes are going to be used as part of a stroke rehabilitation intervention the barriers need to be addressed and build on the enablers to increase physical activity levels post-stroke.
A Mixed-Method Study Examining Cancer Screening Uptake among South Asian Ethnic Minorities in Hong Kong

Objective: Utilization of cancer screening is an effective means of cancer prevention. However, South Asian ethnic minorities in Western countries are reported to face barriers in cancer screening utilization, resulting in a low screening uptake by these individuals. The purpose of this mixed-method study is to assess the uptake rate of cancer screening among South Asian ethnic minorities in the Chinese Society of Hong Kong and to examine the factors affecting their participation in cancer screening. Methods: This study utilized a sequential mixed-method design, involving two phases. Following the implementation of a self-report survey among South Asian participants via an author-developed questionnaire with 1547 participants in Phase 1, a focus group interview was conducted with 34 participants in Phase 2 to assess the barriers to screening utilization. Convenience sampling was adopted to recruit participants at South Asian community centers in Phase 1, whereas purposive sampling was used for recruiting participants in Phase 2. Results: The findings revealed a low (<40%) uptake rate of cancer screening among the participants. Health illiteracy, language barrier, limited access to health information and screening services, and cultural issues were the major barriers to their cancer screening utilization. Conclusions: Our findings provided valuable information for both policymakers and health professionals to better understand the needs of ethnic minorities in Hong Kong. As cancer death rates can be lowered by early detection and primary preventive measures, health professionals should focus on the development of culture-specific interventions. Similarly, training the community health workers can strengthen the primary care system in enhancing knowledge on cancer, its prevention, and access to cancer screening services among local ethnic minorities.
Etiological and prognostic studies with the use of a population-based cancer registry

Objective To describe the incidence of cervical cancer in North-Holland by country of birth. Design Descriptive epidemiological study based on data from cancer registries. Method The number of cases of cervical cancer in North-Holland for the period 1988-1998 was determined on the basis of data available from the regional cancer registry of the Comprehensive Cancer Centre Amsterdam. Based on data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry, a comparison was made between the observed and the expected number of cases by area of residence (i.e., Amsterdam versus the rest of North-Holland) and by country of birth. Results In the period 1988-1998, the incidence of cervical cancer among women living in North-Holland was significantly higher than that of the nation as a whole (O/E-ratio 1.2; 95% CI 1.1-1.2). In particular, the incidence of cervical cancer for women living in Amsterdam (O/E-ratio 1.5; 95% CI 1.4-1.6), and for women born in Morocco (O/Eratio 2.1 95% CI 1.4-3.1) or Surinam (O/E-ratio 1.5 95%CI 1.1-2.0) was much higher. The percentage of patients with higher stages (TNM-stages II-IV) did not differ between women born in the Netherlands and those born abroad. Conclusion The incidence of cervical cancer during the period 1988-1998 was significantly higher for women living in Amsterdam and for women born in Morocco or Surinam than that for the Netherlands as a whole. No significant difference in stage of disease at diagnosis was observed between women born in the Netherlands versus those born abroad.
Avaliação dos níveis plasmáticos da proteína Klotho em idosos com transtorno depressivo maior e sua relação com comprometimento cognitivo

Dentre os transtornos mentais, o transtorno depressivo maior (TDM) e uma das mais comuns entre idosos. Sabe-se que muitas condicoes medicas estao relacionadas ou sao intensificadas pelo TDM, impactando na qualidade de vida do idoso. Estudos recentes mostram que niveis baixos da proteina Klotho, estao associados a doencas relacionadas ao envelhecimento, porem pouco e conhecido sobre sua relacao com a depressao geriatrica. Desta forma, decidimos investigar a relacao da proteina Klotho com o TDM em idosos, associado ou nao ao comprometimento cognitivo leve (CCL). A hipotese desse estudo e que o nivel plasmatico da proteina Klotho e significativamente reduzido em idosos com TDM, e ainda menor nos idosos com TDM associado ao CCL (TDM+CCL). Participaram desse estudo 50 idosos recrutados do ambulatorio de psicogeriatria do Hospital das Clinicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais com idades entre 60 e 86 anos (p=0,392) e escolaridade entre 3 e 12 anos (p=0,069), sendo 17 controles, 15 idosos com TDM e 18 idosos com TDM+CCL. A avaliacao plasmatica dos niveis de Klotho foi realizada por meio do ensaio imunoenzimatico (ELISA) sanduiche. Os resultados mostraram que os niveis plasmaticos da Klotho sao significativamente mais baixos em idosos com TDM+CCL quando comparado aos idosos com TDM (p=0,0344) e idosos controles (p=0,0418). Considerando o subtipo de episodio depressivo, o grupo TDM de episodio unico apresentou niveis estatisticamente (p=0,466) mais altos da Klotho quando comparado ao grupo controle. Ainda estratificamos os grupos TDM e TDM+CCL em relacao ao inicio do primeiro episodio depressivo. O grupo TDM+CCL de inicio tardio apresentou niveis significativamente mais baixos em relacao ao grupo controle (p=0,0083) e em relacao ao grupo TDM de inicio tardio (p=0,0175). O grupo TDM de inicio tardio apresentou niveis significativamente mais altos em relacao aos grupos TDM de inicio precoce (p=0,0239) e em relacao ao grupo controle (p=0,0083). Finalmente, encontramos correlacoes positivas agrupando os grupos de idosos com TDM e TDM+CCL em relacao aos niveis plasmaticos da Klotho com instrumentos de avaliacao neuropsicologica. Nossos resultados mostram, pela primeira vez, que os niveis plasmaticos da Klotho estao reduzidos em idosos com TDM+CCL em relacao aos idosos controles e idosos com TDM, especialmente naqueles idosos que apresentam TDM+CCL de inicio tardio. Os dados encontrados neste estudo mostram que a Klotho esta alterada em idosos com TDM de episodio unico e que quando reduzido e um possivel biomarcador em idosos com TDM+CCL.
The pursuit and completion of postsecondary education for adult daughters of abused women

Abstract This article reports on a qualitative study that examined why adult daughters of abused mothers (N = 38) pursue and complete postsecondary education. Through the use of purposive sampling and the grounded theory method, participants’ motivation to complete an undergraduate (n = 24) or graduate (n = 14) degree involved distancing from their childhood trauma, discovering meaning in their suffering, and finding a life purpose. Implications include adult educators facilitating transformational learning opportunities that may assist students to recognize their abilities to learn and grow from negative life events. Additionally, university counseling staff may support students to find meaning in their struggles with adversity.