Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bile Acid Sequestrant, Sevelamer Ameliorates Hepatic Fibrosis with Reduced Overload of Endogenous Lipopolysaccharide in Experimental Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Despite the use of various pharmacotherapeutic strategies, fibrosis due to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains an unsatisfied clinical issue. We investigated the effect of sevelamer, a hydrophilic bile acid sequestrant, on hepatic fibrosis in a murine NASH model. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat (CDHF) diet for 12 weeks with or without orally administered sevelamer hydrochloride (2% per diet weight). Histological and biochemical analyses revealed that sevelamer prevented hepatic steatosis, macrophage infiltration, and pericellular fibrosis in CDHF-fed mice. Sevelamer reduced the portal levels of total bile acid and inhibited both hepatic and intestinal farnesoid X receptor activation. Gut microbiome analysis demonstrated that sevelamer improved a lower α-diversity and prevented decreases in Lactobacillaceae and Clostridiaceae as well as increases in Desulfovibrionaceae and Enterobacteriaceae in the CDHF-fed mice. Additionally, sevelamer bound to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the intestinal lumen and promoted its fecal excretion. Consequently, the sevelamer treatment restored the tight intestinal junction proteins and reduced the portal LPS levels, leading to the suppression of hepatic toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway. Furthermore, sevelamer inhibited the LPS-mediated induction of fibrogenic activity in human hepatic stellate cells in vitro. Collectively, sevelamer inhibited the development of murine steatohepatitis by reducing hepatic LPS overload.
Current Applications, Opportunities, and Limitations of AI for 3D Imaging in Dental Research and Practice

The increasing use of three-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques in dental medicine has boosted the development and use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems for various clinical problems. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral/facial scans are potential sources of image data to develop 3D image-based AI systems for automated diagnosis, treatment planning, and prediction of treatment outcome. This review focuses on current developments and performance of AI for 3D imaging in dentomaxillofacial radiology (DMFR) as well as intraoral and facial scanning. In DMFR, machine learning-based algorithms proposed in the literature focus on three main applications, including automated diagnosis of dental and maxillofacial diseases, localization of anatomical landmarks for orthodontic and orthognathic treatment planning, and general improvement of image quality. Automatic recognition of teeth and diagnosis of facial deformations using AI systems based on intraoral and facial scanning will very likely be a field of increased interest in the future. The review is aimed at providing dental practitioners and interested colleagues in healthcare with a comprehensive understanding of the current trend of AI developments in the field of 3D imaging in dental medicine.
Transforming Growth FactorSuppresses Transformation in Hepatocytes by Regulating a43 Integrin

We previously reported that (a) treatment of the ras- transformed hepatocyte cell line NR4 with transforming growth factor (TGF) f3� suppresses many characteristics associated with the transformed phenotype including altered morphology, actin cytoskeleton reorganization, and anchorage-independent growth such that the cells more closely resemble the immortalized CWSV1 parent cell line; (b) transformed NR4 cells expressed significantly less a1 integrin RNA than the immortalized CWSV1 cells; and (C) TGF-fi1 treatment of NR4 cells stimulated the expression of a1 and fiintegrin RNAs. In this report, the role of the a1�31 integrin in TGF-�31- mediated suppression of the ras-transformed phenotype was investigated We determined that (a) the cell surface integrin that increased in response to TGF-�1 treatment of NR4 cells was a1 integrin; (b) TGF-131 altered the ability of NR4 cells to attach to collagen and laminin, the extracellular matrix components that interact with the a1�1 integrin receptor; (C) TGF-�1 treatment resulted in relocalization of the a1 integrin on the NR4 cell surface; and (d) TGF-�1-mediated inhibition of anchorage-independent growth was blocked by the presence of a1 integrin antibody. A cell line that overexpresses a1 integrin was derived from NR4 cells; characterization of these cells indicated that they continued to express H-ras RNA but were less transformed than the parent NR4 cells. Specifically, they had an altered morphology, an organized adin cytoskeleton, and reduced ability to demonstrate anchorage-independent growth. We conclude that functional a1�31 integrin is necessary for TGF-131- mediated suppression of the ras-transformed phenotype in the ras-transformed hepatocyte cell line NR4.
Genetic Surveillance of Kingfisher & Bee Eater

The present study deals with the complete morphometric analysis of chromosomes of two coraciiform birds - king fisher, Ceryle rudis and green bee-eater, Merops orientalis. The chromosomes were extorted from marrow-cells of previously colchicinized grown-up individuals. The chromosome tally varied between 78 to 84 in Ceryle rudis and 80 to 85 in Merops orientalis with a prominent peak at 82 in both the species. There was no distinction in size between macro- and micro- chromosomes
Returning the N to NLP: Towards Contextually Personalized Classification Models

Most NLP models today treat language as universal, even though socio- and psycholingustic research shows that the communicated message is influenced by the characteristics of the speaker as well as the target audience. This paper surveys the landscape of personalization in natural language processing and related fields, and offers a path forward to mitigate the decades of deviation of the NLP tools from sociolingustic findings, allowing to flexibly process the “natural” language of each user rather than enforcing a uniform NLP treatment. It outlines a possible direction to incorporate these aspects into neural NLP models by means of socially contextual personalization, and proposes to shift the focus of our evaluation strategies accordingly.
A brief history of tendon and ligament bioreactors: Impact and future prospects

Bioreactors are powerful tools with the potential to model tissue development and disease in vitro. For nearly four decades, bioreactors have been used to create tendon and ligament tissue‐engineered constructs in order to define basic mechanisms of cell function, extracellular matrix deposition, tissue organization, injury, and tissue remodeling. This review provides a historical perspective of tendon and ligament bioreactors and their contributions to this advancing field. First, we demonstrate the need for bioreactors to improve understanding of tendon and ligament function and dysfunction. Next, we detail the history and evolution of bioreactor development and design from simple stretching of explants to fabrication and stimulation of two‐ and three‐dimensional constructs. Then, we demonstrate how research using tendon and ligament bioreactors has led to pivotal basic science and tissue‐engineering discoveries. Finally, we provide guidance for new basic, applied, and clinical research utilizing these valuable systems, recognizing that fundamental knowledge of cell‐cell and cell‐matrix interactions combined with appropriate mechanical and chemical stimulation of constructs could ultimately lead to functional tendon and ligament repairs in the coming decades.
Handling and performance characteristics of a new small caliber radiopaque embolic microsphere

Abstract The in vitro and in vivo handling and performance characteristics of a small caliber radiopaque embolic microsphere, 40–90 μm DC Bead LUMI™ (LUMI40‐90), were studied. Microsphere drug loading and elution and effects on size, suspension, and microcatheter delivery were evaluated using established in vitro methodologies. In vivo evaluations of vascular penetration (rabbit renal artery embolization), long‐term biocompatibility and X‐ray imaging properties, pharmacokinetics and local tissue effects of both doxorubicin (Dox) and irinotecan (Iri) loaded microspheres (swine hepatic artery embolization) were conducted. Compared to 70–150 μm DC Bead LUMI (LUMI70‐150), LUMI40‐90 averaged 70 μm versus 100 μm, which was unchanged upon drug loading. Handling, suspension, and microsphere delivery studies were successfully performed. Dox loading was faster (20 min) and Iri equivalent (<10 min) while drug elution rates were similar. Contrast suspension times were longer with no delivery complications. Vascular penetration was statistically greater (rabbit) with no unexpected adverse safety findings (swine). Microspheres ± drug were visible under X‐ray imaging (CT) at 90 days. Peak plasma drug levels and area under the curve were greater for LUMI40‐90 compared to LUMI70‐150 but comparable to 70–150 μm DC BeadM1™ (DC70‐150). Local tissue effects showed extensive hepatic necrosis for Dox, whereas Iri displayed lower toxicity with more pronounced lobar fibrosis. LUMI40‐90 remains suspended for longer and have greater vessel penetration compared to the other DC Bead LUMI sizes and are similarly highly biocompatible with long‐term visibility under X‐ray imaging. Drug loading is equivalent or faster with pharmacokinetics similar to DC70‐150 for both Dox and Iri.
The enhancement of plant growth by free-living bacteria

The ways in which plant growth promoting rhizobacteria facilitate the growth of plants are considered and discussed. Both indirect and direct mechanisms of plant growth promotion are dealt with. The possibility of improving plant growth promoting rhizobacteria by specific genetic manipulation is critically examined.Key words: plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, PGPR, bacterial fertilizer, soil bacteria.
Memory enhancements from active control of learning in children with autism spectrum disorder

Previous research with typically developing children and adults shows that active control of the learning experience leads to enhanced episodic memory, as compared with conditions lacking this control. The present study investigates whether similar advantages can be found in children with autism spectrum disorder. In this study, 6–12-year-old autistic children (N = 29) participated in a simple memory game on a touchscreen tablet, in which they were asked to remember 64 objects presented in four blocks of 16. In two of the blocks, children could decide the order and pacing of study (active condition), whereas in the other two blocks, they passively observed the active study decisions of a previous participant (yoked condition). We found that recognition memory was more accurate for objects studied in the active compared with the yoked condition, even after a week-long delay. The magnitude of the effect was comparable with that obtained in previous studies with typically developing children and adults, suggesting a robustness for the benefits of active learning that goes beyond what previously hypothesized, extending to special populations. We discuss how these findings may help develop pedagogical interventions that leverage the active learning approach to promote inclusive learning. Lay abstract Research with adults and typically developing children has shown that being able to actively control their learning experience, that is, to decide what to learn, when, and at what pace, can boost learning in a variety of contexts. In particular, previous research has shown a robust advantage of active control for episodic memory as compared with conditions lacking this control. In this article, we explore the potential of active control to improve learning of 6- to 12-year-old children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. We presented them with a simple memory game on a touchscreen tablet, in which children were asked to recall as many of the presented objects as possible. For half of the objects, children could decide the order and pacing of study (active condition); for the other half, they passively observed the study decisions of a previous participant (yoked condition). We found that recognition memory was more accurate when children could actively control the order, pace, and frequency of the study experience, even after a week-long delay. We discuss how teachers and educators might promote active learning approaches in educational and pedagogical applications to support inclusive learning.
The time course of passive stiffness responses following an acute bout of static stretching in healthy, elderly men

ABSTRACT Background The time course of passive stiffness responses following an acute bout of static stretching has received little research attention, particularly in older adults. Objective To determine the time course of the acute effects of static stretching on passive stiffness of the hamstrings in healthy, elderly men. Methods Fifteen elderly men (age = 70 ± 7 years) underwent two randomized conditions that included a control treatment and an experimental treatment of four, 15-s straight-leg raise static stretches. Passive stiffness was calculated as the slopes of the initial and final phases of the angle-torque curve at pre-treatment (Pre) and post-treatment time points of zero (Post0), five (Post5), and ten (Post10) minutes. Results Passive stiffness collapsed across phase was lower at Post0 (P= .029, d= 0.64) and Post5 (P= .042, d= 0.54) but not Post10 (P> .999, d= 0.15) compared to Pre for the stretching treatment. There were no significant differences in passive stiffness (collapsed across phase) between any of the time points (P> .999, d≤ 0.14) for the control. Conclusions An acute bout of static stretching produced significant decreases in the passive stiffness characteristics of elderly men; however, these decreases returned to baseline values within 5 to 10 minutes.
Title: Genome-Wide High Resolution Expression Map and Functions of Key Cell Fate Determinants Reveal the Dynamics of Crown Root Development in Rice Running head: OsWOX10 and OsPLTs regulates crown root formation Author’s Name:

Rice adventitious/crown roots developing from non-root tissues shape up the root architecture. Mechanisms underlying initiation and subsequent outgrowth of CR primordia (CRP) remain under explored. Here, we provide genome-wide dynamics of gene expression patterns and stage-specific transcriptional signatures at distinct developmental stages of CRP formation. Our analyses reveal that early regulated transcription of potential epigenetic modifiers, transcription factors and cell division regulators prime the initiation of CRP followed by progressive activation of auxin signaling modules ensure their outgrowth. In depth analysis of spatio-temporal expression patterns of key cell fate determinants and functional analyses of rice WUSCHEL RELATED HOMEOBOX10 (OsWOX10) and PLETHORA (OsPLT) genes reveal their unprecedented role in CRP development. Our study suggests that OsWOX10 activates OsERF3 and OsCRL1 expression during CRP initiation and OsPLTs expression to accomplish their outgrowth. Interestingly, OsPLT genes, when expressed in the transcriptional domain of root-borne lateral root primordia of Arabidopsis plt mutant, rescued their outgrowth demonstrating the conserved role of PLT genes in root primordia outgrowth irrespective of their developmental origin. Together, these findings unveil the molecular framework of cellular reprogramming during trans-differentiation of shoot tissue to root leading to culmination of robust root architecture in monocot species which got evolutionary diverged from dicots.
Biologically Active Compounds from Goji (Lycium Barbarum L.) Leaves Aqueous Extracts: Purification and Concentration by Membrane Processes

Goji (Lycium barbarum L.) leaves and fruits have been described as a valuable source of bioactive compounds with a great potential for the development of health-promoting formulations. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of a sustainable process for the recovery of phenolic compounds from Goji leaves through a combination of aqueous extraction and membrane-based operations. Water was used as a safe, cheap, and non-hazardous extraction solvent, and parameters of extraction of dried Goji leaves were optimized in order to maximize the yield of polyphenols, total soluble solids (TSS), and total antioxidants simultaneously. The aqueous extract was clarified by ultrafiltration and then processed with three flat-sheet polyethersulphone (PES) membranes with molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) values in the range of 0.3–4.0 kDa, in order to remove sugar compounds from polyphenols and improve the antioxidant activity of the produced fractions. Among the selected membranes, a 1 kDa membrane exhibited the best performance in terms of purification of polyphenols from the clarified aqueous extract. The rejection by this membrane of TSS and total carbohydrates was in the range of 15.8–25.3%, and was decreased by increasing the volume reduction factor (VRF). On the other hand, the retention values for total polyphenols and total antioxidant activity (TAA) were in the range of 73–80%, and were increased by increasing the VRF.
Targeting CCL20 inhibits subarachnoid hemorrhage-related neuroinflammation in mice

Recent evidence suggests that CC chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) is upregulated after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Here, we investigated the functions of CCL20 in SAH injury and its underlying mechanisms of action. We found that CCL20 is upregulated in an SAH mouse model and in cultured primary microglia and neurons. CCL20-neutralizing antibody alleviated SAH-induced neurological deficits, decreased brain water content and neuronal apoptosis, and repressed microglial activation. We observed increased levels of CCL20, CC chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), as well as of microglial activation in microglia treated with oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb). CCL20 or CCR6 knockdown reversed the effects of OxyHb on microglia. Conditioned medium from OxyHb-treated microglia induced neuronal apoptosis, while the percentage of apoptotic neurons in the conditioned medium from microglia transfected with CCL20 siRNA or CCR6 siRNA was decreased. We observed no decrease in OxyHb-induced apoptosis in CCL20-knockdown neurons. Conditioned medium from OxyHb-treated neurons led to microglial activation and induced CCR6, IL-1β and TNF-α expression, while CCL20 knockdown in neurons or CCR6 knockdown in microglia reversed those effects. Our results thus suggest CCL20 may be targeted to elicit therapeutic benefits after SAH injury.
PYRAMIDING MAJOR GENES FOR RESISTANCE TO MAINTAIN RESIDUAL EFFECTS

In 1978, R. R. Nelson (26) concluded his chapter in a previous volume of the Annual Review of Phytopathology entitled "Genetics of Horizontal Resis­ tance" with the advice, "Go back young man and gather up your weary and defeated genes of the past, take your currently successful genes, find some new ones if you can, and build yourself a pyramid. " Nearly ten years later, it is our privilege to take another look at that counsel. A number of papers have been published that deal with the effects resistance genes confer when in­ oculated with compatible isolates of the pathogen (2, 6, 8, 20-25, 28, 29, 31, 32). Reviews of some of this literature have already appeared (9, 16, 26, 27). Despite this important progress, plant pathology is still not at a point where the notion of pyramiding resistance genes to provide durable resistance to both virulent and avirulent races of a pathogen is widely accepted. We feel that the research that has been accomplished can be divided into three categories. The initial research, much of which has been completed, focused on determining if host genes do confer resistance to isolates of a pathogen that
Soil carbon sequestrations by nitrogen fertilizer application, straw return and no‐tillage in China's cropland

Soil as the largest global carbon pool has played a great role in sequestering the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Although global carbon sequestration potentials have been assessed since the 1980s, few investigations have been made on soil carbon sequestration (SCS) in China's cropland. China is a developing country and has a long history of agricultural activities. Estimation of SCS potentials in China's cropland is very important for assessing the potential measures to prevent the atmospheric carbon rise and predicting the atmospheric CO2 concentration in future. After review of the available results of the field experiments in China, relationships between SCS and nitrogen fertilizer application, straw return and no‐tillage (NT) practices were established for each of the four agricultural regions. According to the current agricultural practices and their future development, estimations were made on SCS by nitrogen fertilizer application, straw return and NT in China's cropland. In the current situation, nitrogen fertilizer application, straw return and zero tillage can sequester 5.96, 9.76 and 0.800 Tg C each year. Carbon sequestration potential will increase to 12.1 Tg C yr−1 if nitrogen is fertilized on experts' recommendations. The carbon sequestration potentials of straw return and NT can reach 34.4 and 4.60 Tg C yr−1 when these two techniques are further popularized. In these measures, straw return is the most promising one. Full popularization of straw return can reduce 5.3% of the CO2 emission from fossil fuel combustion in China in 1990, which meets the global mean CO2 reduction requested by the Kyoto Protocol (5.2%). In general, if more incentive policies can be elaborated and implemented, the SCS in China's cropland will be increased by about two times. So, popularization of the above‐mentioned agricultural measures for carbon sequestration can be considered as an effective tool to prevent the rapid rise of the atmospheric CO2 in China.
Centrosome-mediated RNA segregation: A novel patterning mechanism in Ilyanassa

All multicellular organisms require asymmetric cell divisions for normal patterning during embryogenesis. Spiralian embryos are thought to be particularly reliant on autonomous cues for embryonic patterning and thus represent potentially useful models for understanding asymmetric cell division. The series of asymmetric divisions that produce the micromere quartets are particularly important for patterning, because they subdivide the animal-vegetal axis into tiers of cells with different developmental potentials. Recently, a novel segregation mechanism has been found in the embryo of the spiralian mud snail Ilyanassa obsoleta: centrosome-mediated RNA segregation. This mechanism results in each quartet inheriting a unique subset of patterning RNAs and has been proposed to be the molecular event responsible for patterning the quartets. In the experiments reported here, I examine how this mode of asymmetric RNA division is established in the Ilyanassa embryo and the development impact of these segregated RNAs. In Chapter 1 I discuss the pertinent background information for this work and discuss the advantages of using Ilyanassa as a model to study RNA segregation. In Chapter 2 I report the work on a conserved patterning gene, Nanos, which was used to develop the tools necessary to do molecular studies in the snail. The major focus of my thesis is discussed in Chapter 3. I show that one of the segregated RNAs, IoLR5, is required in the lineage which inherits it and I characterize two cis-acting elements in localized RNAs, IoLR5 and IoLR1, that mediate transport to the centrosomes. Importantly, these results demonstrate that micromere quartet identity, a hallmark of the ancient spiralian developmental program, is controlled in part by specific RNA localization motifs. I report my attempts to identify trans-acting proteins required for centrosome-mediated RNA segregation in Chapter 4 and summarize my conclusions in Chapter 5.