Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Model of the High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Stack Temperature

The present work involves the development of a model for predicting the dynamic temperature of a high temperature proton exchange membrane (HTPEM) fuel cell stack. The model is developed to test different thermal control strategies before implementing them in the actual system. The test system consists of a prototype cathode air cooled 30 cell HTPEM fuel cell stack developed at the Institute of Energy Technology at Aalborg University. This fuel cell stack uses PEMEAS Celtec P-1000 membranes and runs on pure hydrogen in a dead-end anode configuration with a purge valve. The cooling of the stack is managed by running the stack at a high stoichiometric air flow. This is possible because of the polybenzimidazole (PBI) fuel cell membranes used and the very low pressure drop in the stack. The model consists of a discrete thermal model dividing the stack into three parts: inlet, middle, and end. The temperature is predicted in these three parts, where they also are measured. The heat balance of the system involves a fuel cell model to describe the heat added by the fuel cells when a current is drawn. Furthermore the model also predicts the temperatures when heating the stack with external heating elements for start-up, heat conduction through stack insulation, cathode air convection, and heating of the inlet gases in the manifold. Various measurements are presented to validate the model predictions of the stack temperatures.
Fabrication of Core–Shell Novel Polyurea Microcapsules Using Isophorone Diisocyanate (IPDI) Trimer for Release System

Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) trimer based novel polyurea core shell structures were developed by interfacial polymerization. Different operating conditions have been used to fabricate shell to encapsulate core. Characterizations of prepared microcapsules were done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and particle size analyzer. The surface morphology of microcapsules was examined by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The release rate of core from microcapsules was estimated by UV and gas chromatography. The results revealed that tailor made release can be adjusted by varying operational protocol for shell and fabricated shell can be extended to other applications such as self-healing coatings and drug delivery.
Reduction of TCO by Efficient Development of ICT Operation Systems and Intelligent Fault Analysis

3. Toshio TONOUCHI and Masayuki MURATA, " Root cause analysis technique for derivative failures with implicit dependencies " , submitted to IEICE Transactions on Communications. Preface Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Systems have become indispensable elements in social infrastructures. High availability of the systems is seriously required. There have already happened a lot of cases where failures, such as malfunction and performance degradation, made large impacts on the society. Therefore, the management and maintenance of the ICT systems is essential efforts to keep their service level, to avoid failures, and to recover immediately when failures occur. However, the management and maintenance costs of the ICT systems occupy a lot of portion of the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of ICT systems. In addition, the more functional and more complex ICT systems become, the more sophisticated management of the ICT systems is required. Therefore, the management and maintenance costs are increasing. Management and maintenance costs include the following two: ・ Capital investment cost of operation systems, and. ・ Operation cost for daily maintenance. Firstly, in this thesis, we propose an efficient management agent platform, which can efficiently run even on an inexpensive and poor environment. We also propose a method with a Domain Specific Language (DSL) approach for developing an agent application on the platform. These two are ones of solutions for the reduction of the capital investment cost of operation systems. Secondly , we propose a fault analysis method of reducing the operation cost of the ICT systems. Administrators always watch whether managed systems run correctly or not. If failures happen on the systems, they have to analyze the cause of the failures as soon as possible. The detection requires a lot of knowledge of the managed systems for the developers, and it is a tough job. We propose a fault analysis method can reduces a burden of the administrators, and it results in the reduction of personnel costs used in the operation. We mention three contributions of this thesis in the following. Firstly, we developed a Q3 management agent platform embedded in network elements. iv The standardized specifications of the Q3 agents have rich functionalities. They, therefore, require a lot of hardware resources for the Q3 agents, such as much capacity of memory. Management agents embedded in network elements placed in access networks is so many that cost reduction of the management agents is important. We revise the structure …
Spatial-Longitudinal Bent-Cable Model with an Application to Atmospheric CFC Data

In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis work or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Abstract Spatial data (also called georeferenced data) arise in a wide range of scientific studies, including geography, agriculture, criminology, geology, urban and regional economics. The underlying spatial effects – the measurement error caused by any spatial pattern embedded in data – may affect both the validity and robustness of traditional descriptive and inferential techniques. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to take into account spatial effects when analysing spatially dependent data. In particular, addressing the spatial association among attribute values observed at different locations and the systematic variation of phenomena by locations are the two major aspects of modelling spatial data. The bent-cable is a parametric regression model to study data that exhibits a trend change over time. It comprises two linear segments to describe the incoming and outgoing phases, joined by a quadratic bend to model the transition period. For spatial longitudinal data, measurements taken over time are nested within spatially dependent locations. In this thesis, we extend the existing longitudinal bent-cable regression model to handle spatial effects. We do so in a hierarchical Bayesian framework by allowing the error terms to be correlated across space. We illustrate our methodology with an application to atmospheric chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) data. We also present a simulation study to demonstrate the performance of our proposed methodology. Although we have tailored our work for the CFC data, our modelling framework may be applicable to a wide variety of other situations across the range of the econometrics, transportation, social, health and medical sciences. In addition, …
Extending Model Checking to Object Process Validation

Object-oriented techniques allow the gathering and modelling of system requirements in terms of an application area. The expression of data and process models at that level is a great asset in communication with non-technical people in that area, but it does not necessarily lead to consistent models. To avoid that inconsistencies are only discovered during the latest phases of development, it is helpful if analysis models can be verified, especially if this is done in an automated process and if it gives feedback that helps repair the models. This thesis presents such an approach for the process aspects of analysis models.
Combustion and Heat Transfer Studies Utilizing Advanced Diagnostics: Fuels Research

Abstract : As the Air Force continues to advance engine technology, aviation fuel heat loading has steadily increased. Therefore, a thermally stable JP-8 fuel Is required that can operate at higher temperatures than current fuels. This research program had two objectives: to identify fundamental conditions of fuel thermal decomposition, and to provide the data needed to develop and evaluate global chemistry and heat transfer models for predicting jet fuel thermal decomposition and deposition rate. We successfully designed and performed numerous static and flowing experiments on a variety of JP fuels. These experiments illuminated the role of antioxidants, peroxides, ketones, and hetero-atom sulfur molecules in the oxidation of surrogate JP-8 and and jet fuels. We developed an autooxidation theory which distinguishes oxidative stability from thermal stability and accounts for the observed oxygen consumption and methane production. Also, we examined several additives and found a select few which produce the least deposits. Finally, our data led to the evaluation and refinement of global chemistry and heat transfer models for predicting jet fuel deposition rates. Fuel decomposition, Fuel stability, Fuel deposition, JP-8 Stability.
Molecular Vibrations and Structure of High Polymers. III. Polarized Infrared Spectra, Normal Vibrations, and Helical Conformation of Polyethylene Glycol

The polarized infrared spectra of highly oriented crystalline films of polyethylene glycol were measured in the region 3500–400 cm—1. Five parallel bands and eleven perpendicular bands due to the fundamental vibrations were observed in the region 1500–600 cm—1. From the analysis of these bands, the polyethylene glycol chain was found to belong to the dihedral group and have twofold axes intersecting the helix axis at right angles. The structural models of polyethylene glycol were discussed by the use of the equations for the helical parameters (the second paper of this series). The most likely model (TGT) contains seven repeating units and two helical turns per fiber period of 19.25 A. The internal rotation angles for this model are calculated to be 60° for the C–C bond and 191.5° for the C–O bond. The A1, A2, and E(θ) normal vibrations of polyethylene glycol were calculated by the general method for treating helical polymers (the first paper of this series). The normal vibrations of p‐dioxane were also c.
Dynamic Template for Customize of Web Applications

To proposes a computer system that utilized the traditional development process to new users, the developer has to create the system interface in difference identities for different organizations. For the important changing that may affect to the new users, such as User Interface, this changing may affect whole system and lead to software failure. This research proposes tools for control and switching templates for web applications. This tool is an open source software for switching old template to the new template faster and more
A new method for determining the lattice parameters from powder patterns of orthorhombic crystals

The author describes a new method by which it is possible to calculate easily and rapidly the three lattice parameters from the angular position of each diffracted line. Also described is a procedure whereby it is possible to eliminate partially the influence of systematic errors in the square of the axial ratios used for these parameter determinations. This method and procedure is illustrated by an actual example.
AlN barrier HFETs with AlGaN channels to shift the threshold voltage to higher positive values: a proposal

The need for efficient power converters is currently a major driver of GaN-on-Si research activities. Among several areas, a large research field is the engineering of enhancement mode devices. Several solutions have been provided in the past. Yet, almost all solutions either lack the compatibility with epitaxy on Si substrates (which is a necessity in terms of cost) or suffer from low positive threshold voltages (Vth) below +1 V. In power applications, there is definitely a need for higher values of Vth. In this paper, we propose the utilization of AlN barriers in conjunction with AlGaN channels to obtain Vth values of more than +3 V while still maintaining the low power-switching losses obtained in GaN-based heterostructure field-effect transistors.
A comparison of lime requirements by five methods on grassland mineral soils in Ireland

Liming is necessary for good nutrient availability and crop growth. Lime use in Ireland is now the lowest in half a century. A recent study shows that grassland mineral soils in Ireland has a mean pH of 5.4 and mean lime requirement (LR) of 9.3 t/ha ground limestone. There have been a number of studies in the USA to re‐evaluate LR, but little activity in the European Union (EU) in recent years. The primary aim of our research was to compare five methods for estimating LR, which included the Shoemaker–McLean–Pratt (SMP) buffer method currently used in Ireland (IRL), the Sikora buffer method used at the University of Kentucky (UKY), Ca(OH)2 titration used at University of Georgia (UGA), the modified Mehlich buffer method used at Penn State University (PSU) and the UK RothLime model, using 57 representative grassland mineral soils from Ireland with a pH range from 4.8 to 6.6. The secondary aim was to explore an alternative to the SMP buffer that does not involve the use of toxic chemicals. The results show good agreement between the pH measured by the Irish and three US laboratories and reasonably good agreement in LR estimated by five methods. The main conclusions are: (1) a significant proportion of grassland on mineral soils in Ireland would benefit from liming to increase soil pH, (2) on average, LRs as recommended in Ireland are higher than those advised elsewhere, (3) the target pH in Ireland is high compared with that in other countries and should be reduced from pH 6.5 to 6.2, (4) the SMP buffer method should be replaced by a suitable alternative and, in principle, any of the four methods studied would be suitable, (5) to find the most suitable alternative for accurate LR advice it would be necessary to compare the different methods to the actual LR from incubation of representative soils with calcium hydroxide.
The Outcomes of the Different Degrees of Explicitness in Teaching Grammar in a Second Language

The past decade has witnessed a revived interest in grammar teaching in foreign and second language learning contexts, as seen in the many publications on the issue, including those demonstrating the importance and benefits of grammar instruction on students’ language acquisition (Liu & Jiang, 2009). One side has supported the traditional approach of teaching grammar with rules, while the other has been open to new approaches in teaching grammar that are less explicit and less rule-based. This brings up a question of which strategy is more effective to use when teaching English as a second language, specifically to college students specifically. This question led me to perform a meta-study, which is a collection and analysis of studies that have already been performed. The different studies involved students of different environments, backgrounds, and classroom settings, allowing me to compare strategies and analyze which worked better in different situations, and to look for an explanation as to why that was the case. According to Kim (2014), in the late 1960’s, L1 composition theorists presented criticism of the “traditional approach” of teaching English that focused on acquiring formal accuracy. They challenged the assumption that writing is only a matter of arranging sentences and paragraphs into prescribed patterns. They viewed writing as a product of a complex, recursive process, in which the focus is placed on the process rather than on the product. This caused classroom instruction that focused on correctness to be considered ineffective and promoted the belief that studying grammar solely would not lead to improved writing. The topic of the importance of grammar focus in English courses is ongoing both in L1 and L2 writing. Some researchers claim that all students benefit from grammar instruction, while others point out that allowing students to identify their own grammar rules in writing is more beneficial than basing the entire writing instruction on grammar corrections. Kim (2014) states that regardless of the position researchers or teachers take on this debate, all agree that more research is needed. The present meta-analysis of ten research studies provides a place to analyze these confusing and conflicting beliefs all together. The findings lead to the conclusion that certain strategies work better in different environments, and there is no telling which strategy to use or at what time to use it. There is proof that there are benefits to using both strategies, whether more or less explicit.
Development of an LC-MS/MS method for the determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in Brazil nut

An LC-MS/MS method with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization in the positive mode [M + H]+, for simultaneous determination of the aflatoxins (AFLs): AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 in Brazil nuts matrix is described. By means of multiple reaction monitoring it was possible to analyse the AFLs fragment ions to increase specificity and sensitivity. The separation of the toxins was carried out in a C8 column with gradient mobile phase composed of water:methanol (25 mM ammonium acetate) in a total run time of 5.0 min. The toxin extraction solvent was acetonitrile : water (80 : 20) and no clean up was required for the Brazil nut samples. The method values of LOD and LOQ utilizing the Brazil nut matrix for AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 were 0.04; 0.045; 0.050 and 0.060 µg kg−1; 0.08, 0.09, 0.10 and 0.12 µg kg−1, respectively. The recoveries from the Brazil nuts were between 92 and 100% and ΣAFL levels obtained from the positive naturally contaminated Brazil nuts ranged from 1.2 to 11.5 µg kg−1.
Supplementary Material: Pruning from Scratch

In the main text, we explore the effects of pre-trained weights on pruned structures by visualizing the structure similarity matrices. Here we present more similar results of ResNet20 and ResNet56 models on CIFAR10 datasets. Figure S1 and S2 show the results. All the pruned models are required to reduce 50% FLOPS of their original models on CIFAR10 dataset. In each figure, (a) we display the correlation coefficient matrix of the pruned models directly learned from randomly initialized weights (“random”) and other pruned models based on different checkpoints during pre-training (“Epochs”) (top-left). We display the correlation coefficient matrix of pruned structures from pre-trained weights in a finer scale (right). We show the channel numbers of each layer of different pruned structures (bottomleft). Red line denotes structure from random weights; (b) similar results from the experiment with a different random seed; (c) we display correlation coefficient matrices of all the pruned structure from five different random seeds. We mark the names of initialized weights used to get pruned structure below. For ResNet20 and ResNet50, we observe the same phenomena with those in VGG16. First, that the pruned structures learned from random weights are not similar to all the network structures obtained from pre-trained weights. Second, the pruned model structures learned directly from random weights are more diverse with various correlation coefficients. Third, the pruned structure based on the checkpoints from near epochs are more similar with high correlation coefficients in the same experiment run. The only difference between ResNet models with VGG16 is that the the similarities of the pruned structure based on the pre-trained weights of different random seeds are not as high as those of VGG16. This is mainly due to the fact that we only prune the layers on the residual branch in ResNet. In the case that the channel numbers of backbone layers are fixed, the number of channels of these pruned layers can have greater freedom of choice, so that they didn’t converge to the same structure. However, the similarity between pruned structures based on pre-trained weights is still higher
Fast ion diffusion, superionic conductivity and phase transitions of the nuclear materials UO2 and Li2O

Lattice dynamics and molecular dynamics studies of the oxides UO2 and Li2O in their normal as well as superionic phases are reported. Lattice dynamics calculations have been carried out using a shell model in the quasiharmonic approximation. The calculated elastic constants, phonon frequencies and specific heat are in good agreement with reported experimental data, which help validate the interatomic potentials required for undertaking molecular dynamics simulations. The calculated free energies reveal high pressure fluorite to cotunnite phase transitions at 70 GPa for UO2 and an anti-fluorite to anti-cotunnite phase transformation at 25 GPa for Li2O, in agreement with reported experiments. Molecular dynamics studies provide important insights into the mechanisms of diffusion and superionic behaviour at high temperatures. The calculated superionic transition temperature of Li2O is 1000 K, while that of UO2 is 2300 K.
A connection between anomalous Poisson-Nernst-Planck models and equivalent circuits with constant--phase elements

A connection between the impedance spectroscopy response of anomalous Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNPA) diffusional models and of equivalent circuits containing constant phase elements (CPE) is established for a typical electrolytic cell. The analysis is carried out in the limit of low frequency in order to highlight the surface effects and to explore how they can be connected to the presence of CPE in the circuit. It is shown that, depending on the choice of the equivalent circuit, the action of these elements can be the same as the one obtained by using integro-differential boundary conditions to describe anomalous diffusive processes in the framework of PNPA models. The predictions are also compared with an experimental data obtained from an electrolytic solution.
Catalyst- and solvent-free, pot, atom and step economic synthesis of tetrahydroquinazolines by an aza-Diels–Alder reaction strategy

A pot, atom and step economic (PASE) synthesis of tetrahydroquinazolines has been achieved via a microwave-assisted four-component catalyst- and solvent-free aza-Diels–Alder reaction strategy. The key step of the methodology is the in situ generation of both the diene and the dienophile and their subsequent reaction to give the desired product.
A New Abeotaxane Diterpenoid from the Seeds of Taxus mairei

新 abeotaxane 从 Taxus mairei.Its 的种子被孤立结构被决定到 be2alpha， 5alpha,13alpha-trihydroxy-7beta,10beta-diacetoxy-2 (3->20 ) abeotaxa-4 (20 ) ， 11-dien-9-one 根据 1D 和 2D 光谱 theTaxus mairei 种子的 methanolic 摘录上的 analysis.Phytochemical 调查导致了新 abeotaxane diterpenoid 的隔离。
Polyether‐1,2‐ and ‐1,3‐diols as macromonomers for the synthesis of graft copolymers, 1. Synthesis and characterization of the macromonomers

This article describes the synthesis and characterization of a new type of macromonomers, which can be used in condensation and addition reactions affording graft copolymers. The polyether-based macromonomers having two hydroxyl groups at one chain end were synthesized by anionic alkoxylation of hydroxy-functional cyclic ketals, blocking by Williamson reaction and cleavage of the ketal. Moreover, the synthesis and characterization of such macromonomers having sulfonate and perfluoroalkyl end groups, respectively, were performed. Yields were influenced by side reactions depending on the type of epoxide used and the final molecular weight of the macromonomer.