Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Near-road Fine Particulate Exposure to Pedestrians at Varying Heights

Scientific literature has overlooked how PM 2.5 concentrations vary with varying pedestrian heights near a roadway. Understanding this is important because walking is an essential commuting element of a sustainable transportation system, and pedestrians’ height varies widely. Therefore, the focus of the current study is to bridge this gap using results from CALINE 4 model and mobile PM 2.5 measurements. In CALINE 4, a simple pedestrian pathway depicting the selected study site located near the Sardar Patel Road, Chennai, India, was simulated. The PM 2.5 concentrations were estimated on this pathway at varying heights (0.1–1.8 m) in 135 simulated runs. Subsequently, the sensitivity of the PM 2.5 exposure difference across heights was explored with varying ambient PM 2.5 concentrations, wind speed, traffic volume, and traffic compositions. Results indicated that the PM 2.5 concentrations reduced with increasing heights of pedestrians in all the modelled runs. When this PM 2.5 exposure difference was investigated with varying surrounding conditions, it was found that the difference in PM 2.5 exposure across heights was influenced by the wind speed, traffic volume, and traffic composition. Ambient PM 2.5 concentrations had no discernible effect on it. Car-dominated traffic with a higher mode share of heavy commercial vehicles was marked with the highest PM 2.5 exposure difference across heights. For traffic volume, it was observed that for every 100 vehicles hr –1 increase in traffic volume, the PM 2.5 exposure difference increased by 0.13 µ g m –3 m –1 in the range of pedestrian’s height. For wind speed, calculations suggested that for every 1 m s –1 increase in wind speed, the PM 2.5 exposure difference was reduced by 0.095 µ g m –3 m –1 in the range of pedestrian’s height. Finally, to bolster the modelling results, mobile PM 2.5 measurements (using portable, low-cost optical particle sensors) were conducted near a busy urban roadway at two different heights, 80 cm and 150 cm, during peak and off-peak hours. The results of mobile measurements were found to be consistent with CALINE 4 modelled results.
Discordance of Human Genotype of Papilloma Virus in Mother and Toddler with Condyloma Acuminata

: Condylomaacuminata (CA) is a Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection that is rarely found in children. Transmission can be through vaginal contact, sexual abuse, auto or heteroinoculation or fomites. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) examination is the gold standard for determining the cause of HPV genotype. This case report aimed to trace CA transmission to toddlers (ages <3 years). A female toddler has warts around the anus with a history of vaginal delivery and no sign of sexual abuse. The mother has warts on the genitals and between the fingers in pregnancy. The CA diagnosis was based on toddler's physical examination, acetowhite tests, and perianal biopsies. The endocervical smear from the mother was in accordance with the CA and the wart biopsy from the mother's fingers appropriate for verruca vulgaris. PCR has examined 39 HPV genotypes in the mother and the child. In the child showed HPV genotype 11, frommother’s cervical swab samplesshowed HPV genotype 87 and indeterminate result from the mother'sfingers. The discordance of HPV genotypes in the mother and the child is likely due to heteroinoculation transmission from the family who took care the child, or still possible from the mother but not detected on PCR examination because it only can examine 39 types of HPV. Identification with whole PCR is needed to ensure the source of transmission.
Transcriptome Profiling of Maize (Zea mays L.) Leaves Reveals Key Cold-Responsive Genes, Transcription Factors, and Metabolic Pathways Regulating Cold Stress Tolerance at the Seedling Stage

Cold tolerance is a complex trait that requires a critical perspective to understand its underpinning mechanism. To unravel the molecular framework underlying maize (Zea mays L.) cold stress tolerance, we conducted a comparative transcriptome profiling of 24 cold-tolerant and 22 cold-sensitive inbred lines affected by cold stress at the seedling stage. Using the RNA-seq method, we identified 2237 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), namely 1656 and 581 annotated and unannotated DEGs, respectively. Further analysis of the 1656 annotated DEGs mined out two critical sets of cold-responsive DEGs, namely 779 and 877 DEGs, which were significantly enhanced in the tolerant and sensitive lines, respectively. Functional analysis of the 1656 DEGs highlighted the enrichment of signaling, carotenoid, lipid metabolism, transcription factors (TFs), peroxisome, and amino acid metabolism. A total of 147 TFs belonging to 32 families, including MYB, ERF, NAC, WRKY, bHLH, MIKC MADS, and C2H2, were strongly altered by cold stress. Moreover, the tolerant lines’ 779 enhanced DEGs were predominantly associated with carotenoid, ABC transporter, glutathione, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. In comparison, the cold-sensitive lines’ 877 enhanced DEGs were significantly enriched for MAPK signaling, peroxisome, ribosome, and carbon metabolism pathways. The biggest proportion of the unannotated DEGs was implicated in the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Taken together, this study provides valuable insights that offer a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying maize response to cold stress at the seedling stage, thus opening up possibilities for a breeding program of maize tolerance to cold stress.
BIOSORPTION OF CHROMIUM IONS BY CALCIUM ALGINATE NANOPARTICLES

The objectives of the present work include synthesis of nanoparticles of calcium alginate by emulsion crosslinking method, their characterization by techniques such as FTIR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), XRD, particle size and surface charge analysis, and study of removal of chromium ions from synthetic aqueous solutions. In order to study the effect of various factors like adsorbent dose, initial metal ion concentration, pH and temperature on the adsorption of chromium ions from water, a series of batch sorption experiments were conducted. The obtained results were analysed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and it was found that the adsorption of chromium more precisely follows Langmuir absorption isotherm. The metal ion removal capacity of the nanoparticles was found to depend on the chemical composition of the adsorbent, concentration of the metal ion solution, pH and temperature of the medium and speed of the suspension from wastewater before disposal.
Mono- and Dicationic DABCO/Quinuclidine Composed Nanomaterials for the Loading of Steroidal Drug: 32 Factorial Design and Physicochemical Characterization

Oil-in-water nanoemulsions (NEs) are considered a suitable nanotechnological approach to improve the eye-related bioavailability of lipophilic drugs. The potential of cationic NEs is prominent due to the electrostatic interaction that occurs between the positively charged droplets with the negatively charged mucins present in the tear film. This interaction offers prolonged NEs residence at the ocular surface, increasing the drug absorption. Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) is one of the first pharmacologic strategies applied as an intravitreal injection in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Newly synthesized quaternary derivatives of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2. 2]octane (DABCO) and quinuclidine surfactants have been screened with the purpose to select the best compound to formulate long-term stable NEs that combine the best physicochemical properties for the loading of TA intended for ocular administration.
Post-operative management of flexor tendon injuries at zone II and flexor Pollicis Longus – a survey of Irish practice

Purpose The post-operative management of flexor tendon injuries has been the focus of considerable exploration and there continues to be variation in approaches and methods of mobilisation. The purpose of this paper is to explore therapy management following repair to flexor tendons at zone II and flexor pollicis longus (FPL) (all zones) in Ireland. Design/methodology/approach A descriptive survey questionnaire design through an online format was used. Therapists were recruited through the Irish Association of Hand Therapists, the national bodies for occupational therapy and physiotherapy and therapy managers in acute hospitals, with 29 therapists participating in the study. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the survey data. Findings Patients were generally seen three to five days following surgery. Early active mobilisation approaches were favoured by all but one therapist, with 62% using the Belfast protocol and 34% the Manchester Short Splint (MSS) protocol. Each early active protocol exercise session commences with passive motion followed by graded active flexion. Tenodesis is incorporated by the majority of respondents within the first four weeks. Therapy programme and splints are modified based on patient presentation. Resistance exercises are commenced from week seven. Patient compliance was identified as the most influential factor in the post-operative intervention approach taken. Originality/value This study provides the first Irish profile of current practice in the post-operative management of flexor tendon repairs at zone II and FPL which has not previously been reported. Further research should explore the reasoning behind the interventions chosen and also the implications for practice of changes to surgical techniques.
The Origin of Plasma-Derived Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Pilot Study

The gastrointestinal tract harbors the gut microbiota, structural alterations of which (dysbiosis) are linked with an increase in gut permeability (“leaky gut”), enabling luminal antigens and bacterial products such as nanosized bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) to access the circulatory system. Blood-derived BEVs contain various cargoes and may be useful biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring of disease status and relapse in conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To progress this concept, we developed a rapid, cost-effective protocol to isolate BEV-associated DNA and used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to identify bacterial origins of the blood microbiome of healthy individuals and patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing successfully identified the origin of plasma-derived BEV DNA. The analysis showed that the blood microbiota richness, diversity, or composition in IBD, healthy control, and protocol control groups were not significantly distinct, highlighting the issue of ‘kit-ome’ contamination in low-biomass studies. Our pilot study provides the basis for undertaking larger studies to determine the potential use of blood microbiota profiling as a diagnostic aid in IBD.
Interrogating glacier mass balance response to climatic change since the Little Ice Age: reconstructions for the Jotunheimen region, southern Norway

Developing a long‐term understanding of the cryosphere is important in the study of past climatic change. Here we used a nested approach combining diverse instrumental (monthly meteorological data from four weather stations, as well as gridded data) and proxy data (based on blue intensity measurements from local tree ring records) to create a reconstruction of past summer temperature for the central Jotunheimen area in southern Norway. This record was then used to reconstruct annual glacier mass balance from 1962, the start of the yearly measurements, back to 1722, immediately prior to the regional Little Ice Age maximum. Our reconstruction of the ‘average’ Jotunheimen cumulative glacier mass balance is based on three representative glaciers (Storbreen, Hellstugubreen and Gråsubreen) that were synthesized into one composite record which we term ‘Gjennomsnittsbreen’ (‘mean glacier’ in Norwegian) to filter out localized controls on the behaviour of individual glaciers. While not ignoring the role of precipitation on glacier mass balance, our reconstruction demonstrates that glaciers in this region exhibit a strong summer temperature control and appear to have been declining more or less continuously since the mid‐18th century. However, it also shows that this long‐term trend of overall retreat in Jotunheimen is punctuated by relatively short‐lived periods of neutral or occasionally positive glacier mass balance, signifying periods of stillstand or small‐scale glacier advance. These periods or ‘events’ in our reconstruction were compared with an independent record of 12 moraine‐building events developed using lichenometry. A minimum of 10 of the moraine‐building events identifiable in our reconstruction were also identifiable in the lichenometric data which affords confidence in the performance of our interrogative model. A critical implication of this successful glacier mass balance reconstruction based on just summer temperature is that for Jotunheimen – in contrast to Norwegian maritime glaciers further to the west – there is no need (as was proposed in some previous studies) to invoke large, prolonged increases in winter snowfall to explain glacier advances, not even for events such as the Little Ice Age.
Using Kernel Density Estimation to Detect Loss-of-Coolant Accidents in a Pressurized Water Reactor

Abstract This paper presents data-driven methods to detect loss-of-coolant accidents (LOCAs) in the primary side of a pressurized water reactor. Process data for a variety of accident scenarios have been generated and collected using a generic pressurized water reactor simulator. The data have been used to train kernel density functions, which estimate nonparametric probability density functions based on training data. These density functions have then been used with Bayesian hypothesis testing and maximum likelihood estimation to detect the onset of the LOCAs and to identify where in the primary side the leaks have occurred. The methods have been able to detect the LOCAs for all scenarios tested with an average detection delay of one-seventh the time for the reactor to trip. Furthermore, the methods have been able to correctly identify the leak locations for 92.3% of the scenarios tested, with higher success rates for larger leaks.
The Development of an Effective Water-Soluble Receptor for Pyrene Derivative Dyes

A receptor with enhanced water solubility was synthesized from an existing receptor to be used as a pyranine fluorescence quencher in endovesiculation detection assays. The existing receptor consisted of a cyclen core with four protruding arms containing an aryl nitro group at each end. Its poor water solubility limited the accuracy and precision of the endovesiculation assay because the low concentration of receptor did not match the concentration of pyranine. To increase the water solubility, ethoxy groups were attached to the ends of each arm by first selectively reducing the nitro group to an amine with NaBHU4, H2, and a Raney nickel slurry, producing a 19% yield. A nucleophilic substitution was then performed to attach a 2-ethoxyethyl group to each amine group. Even though the new receptor’s maximum concentration in water increased, the ability to quench the fluorescence of pyranine decreased dramatically, thus preventing it from being useful in the endovesiculation detection assays.
A low-power D flip flop integrated by metal oxide thin film transistors employing internal feedback control

The conventional D flip flop (DFF) consists of six pseudo-CMOS NOR gates integrated by monotype transistors. By analyzing the six logic states of the conventional DFF, it is found that the three-input NOR gate can be replaced by a new three-input NOR gate with a pull-up control signal and the pull-up control signal is connected to an output of another NOR gate. As a result, a new DFF is developed by using such an internal feedback control method. The static power consumption can be reduced by cutting off the dc path properly in the proposed DFF. For comparison, the conventional DFF and the proposed DFF are both fabricated by metal oxide thin film transistors with an etch stop layer structure on the basis of the same design parameters. Both the conventional DFF and the proposed DFF have the same function and both work using the negative edge triggered method. The measured power consumption of the proposed DFF is at least 13% less than that of the conventional DFF under the condition of a 20 kHz clock signal.
The Impact of Different Crop Rotations by Weed Management Strategies’ Interactions on Weed Infestation and Productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Weed infestations significantly reduce the growth and yield of field crops. Herbicides are mostly used for weed management due to their quick results. However, resistant biotypes to available herbicides are rapidly increasing around the word. This situation calls for the development of alternative weed management strategies. Crop rotation and allelopathic water extracts are regarded as the most important alternative weed management strategies. Therefore, this two-year study assessed the impact of different annual crop rotations by weed management strategies’ interactions on weed infestation and productivity of wheat crop. Wheat was planted in five rotations, i.e., (i) fallow-wheat, (ii) rice-wheat, (iii) cotton-wheat, (iv) mungbean-wheat and (v) sorghum-wheat. The weed management strategies included in the study were; (i) false seedbed, (ii) application of 12 L ha−1 allelopathic plant water extracts (1:1:1:1 ratio of sorghum, sunflower, mulberry and eucalyptus), (iii) herbicide application, (iv) weed-free (weed control) and (v) weedy-check (no weed control). Herbicide application was the most effective treatment in lowering weed densities and biomass during both years followed by false seedbed, while allelopathic crop water extracts were least effective. The lowest weed infestation was noted in sorghum-wheat rotation followed by cotton-wheat and mungbean-wheat, while fallow-wheat had the highest weed infestation. Weedy-check treatment caused significant reduction in wheat growth and yield, whereas the highest grain yield was recorded from weed-free and herbicide application treatments. Grain yield of wheat planted after sorghum was suppressed; however, yield improved when wheat was planted after mungbean. Planting wheat after mungbean in a weed-free environment, achieved through chemical and/or mechanical means, is the best strategy to obtain higher wheat yields.
User-Based Collaborative Filtering Using Agglomerative Clustering on Recommender System

Content-based, collaborative filtering, demographic, knowledge-based, and hybrid recommender systems are the five categories of recommendation systems. User-based collaborative filtering and item-based collaborative filtering are the two types of collaborative filtering. However, the user-based approaches can be claimed to represent the user; researchers will employ them here. This method is more concerned with the user's likeness, or similarity than with the user's evaluated item. The accuracy of user-based collaborative filtering approaches employing agglomerative Clustering with similarity computations, i.e., cosine similarity, is improved in this study. MovieLens (https://grouplens.org/datasets/movielens/) provided the researchers with the data they needed. Between January 9, 1995, and October 16, 2016, a total of 100004 ratings for 9,125 films were collected from 671 individuals. At least 20 movies have been rated by each user. Each rating has a value of 1 to 5. The data utilized for testing is five value data from each user. In other words, 3,355 data points were tested in total. Using the single linkage clustering approach to cluster films in the use-based method has been shown to improve the accuracy of results that differ significantly between scenarios one and two, namely 3,409 and 3.26. MAE and RMSE are the accuracy gauges utilized in the analysis, and the smaller the value (closer to zero), the better the program results. The findings of two trials (2 Scenarios) revealed significant differences between scenario 1 and scenario 2, namely 3,409 and 3.26. This is because in scenarios 1 and 2, only neighbors with similarity values greater than zero are utilized to find predictions, regardless of whether the neighbor has scored the film to be forecasted or not. In scenario 1, however, the results produced by adding the single linkage clustering approach to the user-based method as mentioned above are not as good. As the value obtained grows larger, the system's level of accuracy decreases. However, the results achieved in scenario 2 are smaller, but the differences are not significant.
Penconazole and calcium improves drought stress tolerance and oil quality in canola

ABSTRACT In this study, the effects of penconazole (PEN) and calcium (Ca) on growth amelioration and quality of seed oil in canola (Brassica napus L.) under drought stress were investigated. Drought stress reduced the growth parameters (fresh weight and dry weight) in canola; however the application of PEN and Ca improved these parameters under drought condition. Inducing effect of Ca on protein content was more prominent than PEN. Proline content increased under drought stress and PEN and Ca treatment caused more induction it under drought. PEN and Ca alleviated the negative effects of drought stress in canola by inducing antioxidant defense. The application of PEN and Ca caused a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide and mitigation of the drought induced oxidative stress. Drought stress induced protein content, total phenol, flavonol content, soluble sugar, palmitic acid and palmitoloic acid, and reduced flavonoid content, oleic acid, linolenic acid, and linolonoic acid in canola seed. PEN and Ca increased palmitic acid, linoleic acid (Omega-6), linolenic acid (Omega-3), oleic acid, protein, and soluble sugar. Our results indicated that application of PEN and Ca enables canola plants to withstand the deleterious impact of drought stress and caused improvement of antioxidant capacity, essential fatty acids (linolenic acid and linolonoic acid) and oil quality in canola seed.
Quantitative Investigation of the Synergistic Effect of Electrolysis Combined with Ozonation for Degradation of Nitrobenzene

ABSTRACT The synergistic effect of electrolysis-ozonation was quantitatively studied in a divided cell for the degradation of nitrobenzene (NBz). The results showed that the synergistic effect of the cathodic compartment resulted from three pathways: the generation of •O3¯ and •O2¯, high pH near the cathode, and the generation of H2O2, in which their importance decreased sequentially. The synergistic mechanism of the anodic compartment was also discussed. This study is of great significance for the further development of electrolysis-ozonation.