Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BIO-INSECTICIDAL EFFECT OF POLYPHENOL EXTRACTS OF ANVILLEA RADIATA AGAINST CEREAL APHID RHOPALOSIPHUM PADI

To reduce the abusive apply of artificial organic pesticides with discernment, biodegradable bio-pesticides origin from plants were used as an alternative phytosanitary method against crop pests. This experimentation allowed testing in vitro the bio-insecticidal activity of Anvillea radiata Coss and Dur (Asteraceae), endemic plant from the southeastern Algeria, against the cereal aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus, 1758). Three concentrations were tested (D1= 5mg/ml, D2= 2.5mg/ml and D3= 1.25mg/ml) with the butanolic and chloroformic extracts. The results showed a mortality rate of R. padi varying significantly by treatment and concentration according to the tested substances. The quantitative analysis of the two extracts shows that the crude butanolic extract is rich in polyphenols (348.935±7.456 µg EAG/mg MS) compared to the crude chloroformic extract (56.754±0.982 µg EAG/mg MS). Samely to the insecticidal effect tested, the concentration of 5 mg/ml presented an important insecticidal activity with the butanolic extract (62%) higher than the chloroformic extract (26%). Also, the lethal doses (LC50) of the crude butanolic extract were estimated by 23.07 mg/ml, 6.71 mg/ml and 5.70 mg/ml respectively after 24, 48 and 72hours of the treatment.
Malicious domain detection based on DNS query using Machine Learning

Currently, cyber-attacks have increased rapidly in both the number of attacks and the extent of their damage to organizations and businesses. In particular, cyber-attack techniques based on user-side vulnerabilities are developing very strongly. One of the methods that are commonly used by attackers is distributing malicious domains into users' machines. Because of the serious consequences of the distribution of malicious domains, the problem of early detection of malicious domains is very necessary today. In this paper, we propose a method of detecting malicious domains based on the connection behavior analysis technique using machine learning algorithms. The difference between our research and other studies is shown in looking for and extracting features that accurately represent the behavior of malicious domains and normal domains. Besides, in order to classify the normal domain and malicious domain, we select Random Forest (RF) supervised learning algorithms. In the experimental results, we change the parameters of the RF algorithm to seek the most optimal parameter for the algorithm when applying them to the problem of detecting malicious domains.
Cloning and characterization of high molecular weight glutenin gene from Triticum aestivum cultivar Dacke

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> High molecular weight (HMW) glutenin protein plays a crucial role in determining dough viscoelastic properties that determines the quality of wheat flour. The aim of the present study was to isolate, clone and analyze (<em>in silico</em>) the HMW glutenin gene of <em>Triticum aestivum</em> cultivar Dacke. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Primers were designed to amplify a 2445 bp fragment of HMW glutenin gene. Ax type HMW glutenin gene from <em>Triticum aestivum</em> cultivar Dacke was isolated using PCR and it was sequenced by primer walking. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Amplified HMW glutenin gene was designated as HMWGAx. Sequence analysis revealed a complete open reading frame encoding 815 amino acid residues with N- and C terminal non-repetitive domain and a central repetitive domain. The calculated molecular weight of the deduced HMW glutenin protein was ~88 kDa and the number of cysteine residues in the HMWGAx was four, in accordance with other x type HMW glutenin proteins. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 100% homology to the previously studied Ax2* type HMW glutenin gene from cultivar Cheyenne. Predicted secondary structure results showed that it was similar to1Ax1 type of common wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em>), having superior flour milling quality. </p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Sequence analysis suggests that HMWGAx protein significantly and positively correlates with the properties of elasticity and extensibility of gluten. </p>
COVID-19 and Panic Buying: An Examination of the Impact of Behavioural  Biases

COVID-19 pandemic has created havoc around the globe since it first started infecting humans in December 2019. It has not only created a significant health and economic crisis for the world but also caused unusual individual behaviours such as panic buying all around the world. At the outset, the rationality behind these abnormal behaviours is hard to explain as such behaviours are naturally irrational. Thus, this study attempted to explain individual behaviours observed in various countries through the theoretical lens of several established behavioural theories to make a recommendation for changing people’s behaviour during a future pandemic. Taking a quantitative approach with a comprehensive review of recent literature and using secondary data from online sources, the study analysed people’s behaviours in numerous countries using several behavioural theories. The study found that excessive information, sometimes rumours and misinformation, circulated through social and news media had played a significant role in the unprecedented panic buying observed around the world. As explained in behavioural theories, during a pandemic, people are compelled to make quick decisions and to take actions to subside their negative emotions, such as fear and anxiety so that they feel better and safe. In doing so, people use their heuristics or mental shortcuts which leads to panic buying behaviours. More specifically, the behaviours such as affect heuristic, availability heuristic, loss aversion, regret aversion, risk aversion, framing, hoarding, herding and bandwagon effect had primarily contributed to the panic buying occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, based on the findings, the study made several recommendations to stakeholders so that they would be able to make people better prepared for a future pandemic.
Gray wolf habitat use in response to visitor activity along roadways in Yellowstone National Park

Understanding the behavioral responses of large carnivores to human activity in protected areas is important for conserving top predators. Roads and associated vehicle traf ﬁ c have a range of impacts on wildlife, including mortality from vehicle collisions and behavioral changes from increasing traf ﬁ c levels. Roads concentrate human activities and may be particularly impactful when located adjacent to high-quality habitat for wildlife. However, people often overlook road impacts in protected areas because of relatively low road densities. From 1979 to 2017, annual visits to Yellowstone National Park increased from 1.9 to 4.1 million, with many visitors in the last 25 yr focusing on the opportunity to view wild wolves ( Canis lupus ) in their natural habitat from the roadway. To better understand how human activity interacts with landscape attributes and prey availability to shape wolf habitat use, we developed seasonal and diel-speci ﬁ c step selection functions (SSF) for wolves. Wolves responded to increased human activity by using areas farther from roadways during the day and during peak visitation in summer. Prey availability, as estimated by an elk SSF, did not signi ﬁ cantly alter habitat selection patterns by wolves. The strength of habitat selection in relation to roads varied among wolf packs. The most heavily viewed wolf packs exhibited less road avoidance, suggesting increased tolerance, which could lead to increased vulnerability to human harvest if they leave the park. Federal and state managers have implemented several measures to mitigate disturbance effects to wolves and curtail habituation. These results may inform adaptive management strategies that seek to continue to conserve natural wolf behavior.
A frequency generator of 40-60 kHz based on arduino for ultrasonic cleaner applications

In this study, the design and implementation of a frequency generator of 40 to 60 kHz based on Arduino were carried out by using the pulse width modulation (PWM) technique for ultrasonic cleaner applications. The components used in the study are Arduino Uno, Stainless Tank, four digits seven segment, 4×4 keypad module, TM 1637 module, dimmer module, frequency generator module, and switching mode power supply (SMPS). Calibration of the voltage, frequency, and vibration strength using are multimeters, Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) meters, and vibration meters. This study aims to design and analyze ultrasonic generator drivers used an Arduino for controlling frequency and time. The regulated input frequency of 50-200 Hz produces an output voltage of 0.3-4.0 volt and an output frequency of 40-60 kHz from an ultrasonic generator. The output voltage is more stable and precision than the frequency output. The ultrasonic cleaner produced has a very high level of precision and accuracy. The relationship of vibration to frequency is directly proportional, the greater the frequency, the greater the vibration produced. The voltage and frequency are inversely proportional; the greater the frequency, the voltage will be smaller.
The Effects of Social Context and Perspective on Language Processing: Evidence from Autism Spectrum Disorder

This thesis aimed to provide new insights into the role of perspective and non-linguistic context in language processing among autistic and typically developing (TD) adults. The mental simulation account and the one-step model state that language is mentally simulated and interpreted in context, suggesting that these processes are activated online while linguistic input is processed. Little is known of whether the same processes are activated in autism. In seven experiments (four were fully pre-registered), I used offline and online measures (e.g. EEG, eye-tracking) to investigate how social factors, such as the perspective, speaker's voice, emotional states of the characters, and topic of conversation influence language comprehension in both lab and real-life settings, in autism and TD adults. Based on the weak central coherence (WCC), and the complex information processing disorder (CIPD) theories, it was expected that autistic adults would struggle to integrate the social context with language, or at least show some subtle delays in the time-course of these anticipation/integration processes. First, I failed to find the same effect as previous findings, showing enhanced processing for personalized language, suggesting that this process is dependent on individual preferences in perspective-taking and task demands. Furthermore, I found that contrary to the WCC, autistic individuals had an intact ability to integrate social context online, while extracting the meaning from language. There were subtle differences in the time-course and strength of these processes between autistic and TD adults under high cognitive load. Findings are in line with CIPD hypothesis, showing that online language processes are disrupted as task demands increase, which consequently affect the quality of their social interactions. Future research should further investigate how these subtle differences impact social communication abilities in everyday life in autism.
A New Record of Nannizziopsis mirabilis from Field Soil in Korea

Nannizziopsis mirabilis (KNU17-67) was isolated from a field soil sample collected from Jejudo in 2017. This fungal isolate was identified and described by its morphological characters and the internal transcribed spacer rDNA gene sequencing. Potato dextrose agar medium was used to study its macro and micromorphology. In addition, a molecular phylogenetic tree was constructed for its precise confirmation as N. mirabilis . This fungal isolate has not officially been reported previously in Korea.
The Effects of Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use on Acceptance towards Office Assistance Application among Employers to Disabled Employees

Employment among people with disabilities remains debatable. This paper investigates employers' points of view towards accepting technological assistance for employees with disabilities at the workplace. Specifically, this paper examines the effects of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use on acceptance towards Office Assistance Application among employers to disabled employees. Acceptance towards any technology has been broadly tested using Davis' Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). To prove if that is the case or not for Office Assistance Applications within the context of employers to employees with disabilities, this research was undertaken to affirm the past research. Data was collected via online questionnaires from 35 employers to Micro Enterprises organization. 6 of surveyed employers were current employers to disabled workers, 18 employers affirmed interest to employ PWDs in the future with 9 employers asserted no interest to hire disabled workers. Data was analysed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The result showed two hypotheses were supported evidencing positive and significant relationship between perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, and relationship between perceived usefulness and technology acceptance. Findings are useful for employers to improve functions of their disabled workers at the workplace along with increasing employment prospects for people with disabilities.
Which species of Tortricidae leafrollers are key insect pests in South Australian vineyards?

ABSTRACT Light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is regarded as the key insect pest in Australian vineyards and it is also an important pest of apples and citrus. E. postvittana is indigenous to Australia and has a wide geographical distribution. Recent observations suggest that leafroller species other than E. postvittana may be causing damage in grapevine canopies. A study of tortricids was undertaken in Adelaide Hills and McLaren Vale vineyards, South Australia. A total of 407 specimens of Tortricidae were collected from grapevine canopies. Molecular techniques were used to identify species. The mean prevalence of E. postvittana per sample was 91.0% in 2014/15 and 96.2% in 2015/16. Larval Acropolitis rudisana, lucerne leafroller, Merophyas divulsana and cotton tipworm, Crocidosema plebejana were also found on the grapevine canopy at much lower densities for the first time. The presence of leafroller species A. rudisana, M. divulsana and C. plebejana on grapevines confirms these species of Tortricidae may also be present in South Australian vineyards. This study confirms that E. postvittana is the most common tortricid pest in Adelaide Hills and McLaren Vale vineyards and also illustrates the utility of molecular methods in determining with confidence the species identity of larval Tortricidae.
Performance Analysis of Intelligent Reflecting Surface in Multi-user MIMO Systems

Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS) is a revolutionary technology which is able to improve the performance of wireless data transmission system. Specially, large numbers of small reflecting unit are jointly adjusted to reconfigure the wireless signal transmitting environment. In this paper, we study the use of IRS in a multi-user MIMO system where IRS is deployed to assist the data transmission in both uplink and downlink phases. We first present an overview of the technology of intelligent surfaces, including its fundamental principles and practical applications. Then we derive the signal model of IRS aided multi-user MIMO system and provide data transmission schemes. Finally, numerical results are demonstrated to show the superb signal enhancement with the use of intelligent surfaces in wireless system.
Is machine learning efficient for mango yield estimation when used under heterogeneous field conditions?

In the last decade, image analysis using machine learning algorithms proved its potential for the detection and counting of plant organs. Numerous studies provided fruit tree yield estimates based on machine learning with high levels of efficiency. However, most of these studies were conducted under homogeneous conditions of fruit aspect. The aim of this study was to develop an efficient machine learning method for ripe mango fruit detection from RGB images and to test it under heterogeneous field conditions for tree yield estimation in Senegal. The algorithm consisted in a k-nearest neighbours classification based on colour and texture features followed by a post-treatment based on shape indices. The F1 score, which accounts for both precision and recall performances, reached 0.73 for a set of 42 images of 'Kent' trees in homogeneous conditions. When performed on a second set of 128 images representing the actual heterogeneity in tree structure (height, canopy volume) and cultivars ('Kent', 'Keitt' and 'Boucodiekhal') found in the Niayes region of Senegal, the F1 score fell to 0.48. This decrease resulted from the heterogeneous field conditions in terms of fruit size, fruit colour and light exposure caused by different tree structures among cultivars. Despite the algorithm was less efficient under these conditions, significant linear relationships were evidenced between the number of detected fruits and the actual number of fruits per tree for each cultivar ('Kent': R2=0.92, 'Keitt': R2=0.93, and 'Boucodiekhal': R2=0.90). These models were cross-validated and reached a relative RMSE of 14%. Those results offer new opportunities to accurately and rapidly estimate mango yield and to further identify the parameters that drive its variability at the tree and orchard scales.
Assessment of Creativity During Family Engineering Workshops in Informal Learning Environments

: The learning sciences faces challenges assessing creativity. As such, we examine how a creativity assessment tool (the SVS novelty metric) differentiated product features and 31 families’ engineering practices, which was confirmed via video-based interaction analysis. Findings from analyses suggest that SVS novelty metric may be a useful tool in differentiating learners’ products within the same product category because they reflect the overall pattern of engineering practices when families engage in makerspaces in informal spaces.
Correlation between the Level of Economic Growth and Foreign Trade: The Case of the V4 Countries

Purpose: The main aim of this article is to search for long-term correlations between the level of economic growth and the level of export and import with cointegration analysis. To this end, the authors used the statistical data of the V4 countries which, since the 1990s, have been implementing market economy elements to different degrees. Approach/Methodology/Design: Econometric methods were used, including stationariness testing using ADF and KPSS tests and Engle-Granger cointegration test. Findings: The results obtained confirm that only in the case of Poland and Hungary there were two-way long-term interdependencies. For Poland, it was a pair of variables (GNP and export value), for Hungary (GNP and import value). No long-term correlation between economic growth and the value of foreign trade could be confirmed for Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Practical Implications: The study of interdependence using statistical methods is an important element in testing economic theories in the field of economic growth research in the countries of the former communist bloc. It is also an important stage in the search for economic growth generators. Originality/Value: Given the importance of trade, it is necessary to study the interaction of variables, check whether exports and imports had an impact on the level of economic growth and whether economic growth determined the increase in foreign trade turnover. The results obtained are the basis for the construction of a vector-autoregressive models (VAR).
Infection by Rickettsia felis in Ctenocephalides felis felis Fleas from North of Colombia

Background: Rickettsia felis is an emergent Rickettsial agent whose main vector is Ctenocephalides felis, but ticks, mites and lice are also infected. We aimed to search for molecular evidence of Rickettsia spp. in fleas collected from dogs and wild rodents (Heteromys anomalous) from three villages of Córdoba and Antioquia provinces (Northern of Colombia), where outbreaks of rickettsioses have occurred, and discuss the possible role of fleas on endemic/enzootic regions for rickettsia. Methods: During 2010 and 2012, 649 Ctenocephalides felis felis and 24 Pulex irritans fleas were removed from dogs and wild rodents (Heteromys anomalous), respectively, in 3 locations from Córdoba and Antioquia provinces (Colombia). These fleas were tested into pools for Rickettsial infection by PCR, targeting gltA, ompB, and ompA Rickettsial genes. Results: Almost 20% (30/153) of C. felis felis pools contained Rickettsial DNA. The fragments of ompB gene showed high identity values between sequences from Necocli and Los Cordobas with R. felis strain from Senegal (100% and 99.7% respectively) and all were highly related by phylogenetic analyses. Rickettsial DNA in pools of P. irritans was not detected. Conclusion: Our findings highlighted the endemicity of the infection by R. felis in fleas from northern of Colombia and showed the likely importance of dogs as hosts of C. felis felis fleas and their potential role as reservoirs of R. felis.
Demographic determinants of biometric heritability

The response of quantitative characters to selection depends on their transmission from parents to offspring. A common estimate of this transmission is the biometric heritability defined as the slope of the regression of offspring phenotype on same-aged mid-parent phenotype (i.e. the ratio of the phenotypic parent-offspring covariance over the parental phenotypic variance). This slope is often interpreted as the percentage of phenotypic variation due to additive genetic effects after accounting for confounding factors such as environment, litter or parental effects. However, researchers seldom account for the possible influence of selection on this estimate. Here we study the effect on biometric heritability of fertility and viability selection, as well as phenotype ontogeny (growth) and inheritance from parents to offspring. We present exact formulas for the elasticities of biometric heritability in age-phenotype-structured integral projection models (IPMs), and illustrate these for two iteroparous long-lived species. We find that both viability and fertility selection can strongly affect heritability, mediated by growth and inheritance. Generally, demographic processes that result in parents reproducing at large phenotypes, regardless of their own birth phenotype, decrease heritability. Analysed at equilibrium, our models imply that a heritable character can show no response to selection, if parental phenotypes affect offspring phenotypes and if phenotypes develop with age. Our results further highlight the importance of accounting for demographic processes when estimating heritability.
New Rectification Technique for Cloud Base Height Estimation Base on Stereo Cameras

A Whole Sky Imager (WSI) has a single camera to take photos of the cloud from the ground. It can provide only the cloud cover index and cloud direction. It cannot give out the cloud base height or speed. In this paper, a pair of WSI is synchronized to capture stereo images. We propose a new rectification technique that is a part of WSI-installation which directly effects Cloud Base Height estimation. the semi-global matching technique is proposed to find matching points on both images. Triangulation can then yield the distance of the cloud base. Calibration and testing of the proposed system are done by comparing the distances of known buildings estimated by our analysis with the distances obtained by Google Maps. The average errors are about 4% for targets in the range of 150m, and 15% for targets in the range of 1km.