Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the inward drift of runaway electrons during the plateau phase of runaway current

The well observed inward drift of current carrying runaway electrons during runaway plateau phase after disruption is studied by considering the phase space dynamic of runaways in a large aspect ratio toroidal system. We consider the case where the toroidal field is unperturbed and the toroidal symmetry of the system is preserved. The balance between the change in canonical angular momentum and the input of mechanical angular momentum in such a system requires runaways to drift horizontally in configuration space for any given change in momentum space. The dynamic of this drift can be obtained by integrating the modified Euler-Lagrange equation over one bounce time. It is then found that runaway electrons will always drift inward as long as they are decelerating. This drift motion is essentially non-linear, since the current is carried by runaways themselves, and any runaway drift relative to the magnetic axis will cause further displacement of the axis itself. A simplified analytical model is constructed.
The intriguing H i gas in NGC 5253: an infall of a diffuse, low-metallicity H i cloud?

We present new, deep Hi line and 20-cm radio continuum data of the very puzzling blue compact dwarf galaxy NGC 5253, obtained with the Australia Telescope Com- pact Array as part of the 'Local Volume Hi Survey' (LVHIS). Our low-resolution Hi maps show, for the first time, the disturbed Hi morphology that NGC 5253 possesses, including tails, plumes and detached Hi clouds. The high-resolution map reveals an Hi plume at the SE and an Hi structure at the NW that surrounds an Hshell. This latter structure is related to an expanding bubble in the ISM, but it will almost cer- tainly not originate a galactic wind. We confirm that the kinematics of the neutral gas in NGC 5253 are highly perturbed and do not follow a rotation pattern. We discuss the outflow and infall scenarios to explain such disturbed kinematics, analyze the en- vironment in which NGC 5253 resides, and compare it properties with those observed in similar star-forming dwarf galaxies. The radio-continuum emission of NGC 5253 is resolved and associated with the intense star-forming region located at the center of the galaxy. We complete the analysis using multiwavelength data extracted from the literature, which includes X-ray, GALEX far-ultraviolet, optical B- and R-band and H�, near-infrared H-band, and far-infrared data. We estimate the star-formation rate using this multiwavelength approach, and compare the results with other galaxy properties. NGC 5253 does not satisfy the Schmidt-Kennicutt law of star-formation, has a very low Hi mass-to-light ratio when comparing with its stellar mass, and seems to be slightly metal-deficient in comparison with starbursts of similar baryonic mass. Taking into account all available multiwavelength data, we conclude that NGC 5253 is probably experiencing the infall of a diffuse, low-metallicity Hi cloud along the minor axis of the galaxy, which is comprising the ISM and triggering the powerful starburst. The tidally disturbed material observed at the east and north of the galaxy is a conse- quence of this interaction, which probably started more than 100 Myr ago. The origin of this Hi cloud may be related with a strong interaction between NGC 5253 and the late-type spiral galaxy M 83 in the past.
Thin Cloud Removal Fusing Full Spectral and Spatial Features for Sentinel-2 Imagery

Multispectral remote sensing images are widely used for monitoring the globe. Although thin clouds can affect all optical bands, the influences of thin clouds differ with band wavelength. When processing multispectral bands at different resolutions, many methods only remove thin clouds in visible/near-infrared bands or rescale multiresolution bands to the same resolution and then process them together. The former cannot make full use of multispectral information, and in the latter, the rescaling process will introduce noise. In this article, a deep-learning-based thin cloud removal method that fuses full spectral and spatial features in original Sentinel-2 bands is proposed, named CR4S2. A multi-input and output architecture is designed for better fusing information in all bands and reconstructing the background at original resolutions. In addition, two parallel downsampling residual blocks are designed to transfer features extracted from different depths to the bottom of the network. Experiments were conducted on a new globally distributed Sentinel-2 thin cloud removal dataset called WHUS2-CRv. The results show that the best averaged peak signal-to-noise ratio, structural similarity index measurement, normalized root-mean-square error, and spectral angle mapper of the proposed method over 12 bands in all 20 testing images were 39.55, 0.9443, 0.0245, and 2.5676°, respectively. Compared with baseline methods, the proposed CR4S2 method can better restore not only the spatial features but also spectral features. This indicates that the proposed method is very promising for removing thin clouds in multispectral remote sensing images at different resolutions.
ONLINE COOPERATIVE APPLICATION FOR COFFEE FARMER GROUP IN PAGAR ALAM CITY

The city of Pagar Alam with the commodity of coffee plants with an area of 8,323 ha with a total production of 7,465.50 tons. The coffee plants produced by 90% of robusta types are the result of export commodities and have become a mainstay of the city's economy. Harapan Jaya farmer group located in Pagar Alam Utara sub-district, Pagar Alam City has a system of selling and marketing carried out individually through middlemen and not through coffee farmer groups. Marketing of coffee products to various cities through middlemen unwittingly has eliminated the distinctive characteristics and quality of Pagar Alam coffee because it has been processed and mixed with coffee from outside the city of Pagar Alam. The Participatory Action Research (PAR) model is used in this study as a research method approach, where researchers invite and involve coffee farmer groups as active participants in a concrete action where they themselves experience problems in order to change, improve, build and use a system built . The online cooperative application was built by collecting data related to the coffee sales system in Harapan Jaya coffee farmer group in the city of natural fences, then the researchers analyzed and designed the system based on existing data. Features in online cooperative applications can run well after implementation and testing. Deepening cooperative concepts that are more detailed such as adding business and other cooperative activities can be applied to online cooperative applications to further perfect this application.
A panoramic view of M81: new stellar systems in the debris field

Using the MegaCam imager on the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, we have resolved individual stars in the outskirts of the nearby large spiral galaxy M81 (NGC 3031) well below the tip of the red giant branch of metal-poor stellar populations over ∼60 x 58 kpc 2 . In this paper, we report the discovery of new young stellar systems in the outskirts of M81. The most prominent feature is a chain of clumps of young stars distributed along the extended southern HI tidal arm connecting M 81 and NGC 3077. The colour-magnitude diagrams of these stellar systems show plumes of bright main sequence stars and red supergiant stars, indicating extended events of star formation. The main sequence turn-offs of the youngest stars in the systems are consistent with ages of ∼40 Myr. The newly reported stellar systems show strong similarities with other known young stellar systems in the debris field around M81, with their properties best explained by these systems being of tidal origin.
Intrinsic fluorescence of single-tryptophan form of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase catalytic module with the replacements of Trp 87 and Trp 283 by alanine

Aim. Mammalian tyrosyl tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) is composed of N-terminal catalytic miniTyrRS and non-catalytic C-terminal domain. After cleavage both domains of TyrRS reveal non-canonical cytokine functions. It is important to study the conformational changes of miniTyrRS in the course of ligands binding in different nanocomposite complexes. Fluorescence spectroscopy is a very powerful method to detect the local conformational changes of proteins. The study of single-tryptophan form of the protein can provide important information about flexibility and local conformational changes of the protein functional sites. Methods. Site-directed mutagenesis, bacterial expression, fluorescence spectroscopy. Results. Intrinsic fluorescence characteristics of single-tryptophan Trp40-mini TyrRS were measured, a spectral maximum at 332 nm was revealed, which corresponds to the buried state of Trp40 fluorophore in protein globule. Fluorescence quenching of Trp40 by acrylamide revealed the existence of conformational flexibility of mini TyrRS. Conclusions. Fluorescence studies of the single-tryptophan form of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase revealed a buried state of Trp40 fluorophore but high conformational flexibility of the enzyme at the nanosecond time scale.
Nested subgraphs of complex networks

We analytically explore the scaling properties of a general class of nested subgraphs in complex networks, which includes the K-core and the K-scaffold, among others. We name such a class of subgraphs K-nested subgraphs since they generate families of subgraphs such that . Using the so-called configuration model it is shown that any family of nested subgraphs over a network with diverging second moment and finite first moment has infinite elements (i.e. lacking a percolation threshold). Moreover, for a scale-free network with the above properties, we show that any nested family of subgraphs is self-similar by looking at the degree distribution. Both numerical simulations and real data are analyzed and display good agreement with our theoretical predictions.
Deterministic and probabilistic entanglement swapping of nonmaximally entangled states assisted by optimal quantum state discrimination

We analyze entanglement swapping (ES) of partially entangled pure states with arbitrary Schmidt rank from the perspective of quantum state discrimination. It is shown that the standard deterministic ES protocol is related with an optimal minimum-error strategy. In this case the amount of entanglement of the states resulting from swapping is, in general, lower than the maximum achievable for the quantum channels involved. In this regard, we show that the ES protocol can be probabilistically improved resorting to optimal maximum-confidence (MC) discrimination strategy. Additionally, we show that the success probability of achieving entanglement above a prescribed value from standard deterministic ES can be increased by applying sequential MC measurements.
Partial order methods in verification : DIMACS Workshop, July 24-26, 1996,

Prefix function view of states and events by A. Mazurkiewicz Elements of an automata theory over partial orders by W. Thomas Algebraic manipulations and vector languages by M. W. Shields Refinement with global equivalence proofs in temporal logic by S. Katz A complete axiomatization of a first-order temporal logic over trace systems by W. Penczek and M. Srebmy Interleaved progress, concurrent progress, and local progress by W. Reisig Teams can see pomsets by G. Plotkin and V. Pratt Presheaves as transition systems by G. Winskel and M. Nielsen On topological hierarchies of temporal properties by C. Baier and M. Kwiatkowska Linear time temporal logics over Mazurkiewicz traces by M. Mukund and P. S. Thiagarajan A solution of an interleaving decision problem by a partial order technique by A. R. Meyer and A. Rabinovich Stubborn set methods for process algebras by A. Valmari Partial order reduction: Linear and branching temporal logics and process algebras by D. Peled History dependent verification for partial order systems by U. Montanari and M. Pistore Transition systems with independence and multi-arcs by T. T. Hildebrandt and V. Sassone On the costs and benefits of using partial-order methods for the verification of concurrent systems by P. Godefroid Partial order verification with PEP by E. Best Rapide: A language and toolset for simulation of distributed systems by partial orderings of events by D. C. Luckham.
Theoretical analysis of an ideal noiseless linear amplifier for Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen entanglement distillation

We study the operational regime of a noiseless linear amplifier (NLA) based on quantum scissors that can nondeterministically amplify the one photon component of a quantum state with weak excitation. It has been shown that an arbitrarily large quantum state can be amplified by first splitting it into weak excitation states using a network of beamsplitters. The output states of the network can then be coherently recombined. In this paper, we analyse the performance of such a device for distilling entanglement after transmission through a lossy quantum channel, and look at two measures to determine the efficacy of the NLA. The measures used are the amount of entanglement achievable and the final purity of the output amplified entangled state. We study the performances of both a single and a two-element NLA for amplifying weakly excited states. Practically, we show that it may be advantageous to work with a limited number of stages.
A FAST OVERLAPPING COMMUNITY DETECTION ALGORITHM BASED ON LABEL PROPAGATION AND SOCIAL NETWORK GRAPH CLUSTERING COEFFICIENT

Detecting community structure on social network has been an important and interesting issue on which many researchers have paid much attention and developed applications. Many graph clustering algorithms have been applied to find disjoint communities, i.e each node belongs to a single community. However, for social network in particular, public communication network in general, most of communities are not completely detached but they may be embedding, overlapping or crossing, that means certain nodes can belong to more than one community. Overlapping node plays a role of interface between communities and it is really interesting to study the community establishment of these nodes because it reflects dynamic behaviuor of participants.This article introduces the algorithm to find overlapping communities on huge social network. The proposed COPACN algorithm has been developed on the basis of label propagation, using advanced clustering coefficient to find overlapping communities on social network. Exprermental results on a set of popular, standard social networks and certain real network have shown the high speed and high effiency in finding overlapping structures.
XMM-NEWTON X-RAY OBSERVATION OF THE HIGH-MAGNETIC-FIELD RADIO PULSAR PSR J1734–3333

Using observations made with the XMM-Newton Observatory, we report the probable X-ray detection of the high-magnetic-field radio pulsar PSR J1734–3333. This pulsar has an inferred surface dipole magnetic field of B = 5.2 × 1013 G, just below that of one anomalous X-ray pulsar. We find that the pulsar has an absorbed 0.5–2.0 keV flux of (5–15) × 10−15 erg s-1 cm−2 and that its X-ray luminosity LX is well below its spin-down luminosity , with . No pulsations were detected in these data although our derived upper limit is unconstraining. Like most of the other high-B pulsars, PSR J1734–3333 is X-ray faint with no sign of magnetar activity. We tabulate the properties of this and all other known high-B radio pulsars with measured thermal X-ray luminosities or luminosity upper limits, and speculate on a possible correlation between LX and B.
SUZAKU OBSERVATIONS OF FOUR HEAVILY ABSORBED HMXBs

We report on Suzaku observations of four unidentified sources from the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL) and Swift-Burst Array Telescope Galactic plane surveys. All the sources have a large neutral hydrogen column density and show properties consistent with being supergiant X-ray binaries or supergiant fast X-ray transients (SFXTs), adding to the growing list of heavily absorbed XBs discovered by INTEGRAL. Two of the sources in our sample are approximately constant flux sources, one source shows periodic variation and one source exhibits a short, bright X-ray outburst. The periodicity is transient, suggesting it is produced by a neutron star in an elliptical orbit passing through a stellar wind, possibly one which is significantly clumpy. We analyze the flaring source in several segments to look for spectral variation and discuss the implications of the findings for the nature of the source. We conclude that all four sources in our sample can be identified as highly absorbed high mass X-ray binaries. This confirms the previous identification of IGR16195–4945 and IGR16465–4507 as such and reports new identifications in the cases of IGR16493–4348 and SWJ2000.6+3210. We report SWJ2000.6+3210 as a newly identified transient X-ray pulsar and confirm previous reports of SFXT flaring behavior in IGR16195–4945.
KECK SPECTROSCOPY OF LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE UV-CONTINUUM AND Lyα LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS AT z > 6

We present Keck spectroscopic observations of z > 6 Lyman-break galaxy (LBG) candidates in the Subaru Deep Field (SDF). The candidates were selected as i′-dropout objects down to z′ = 27 AB magnitudes from an ultra-deep SDF z′-band image. With the Keck spectroscopy we identified 19 LBGs with prominent Lyα emission lines at 6 ⩽ z ⩽ 6.4. The median value of the Lyα rest-frame equivalent widths (EWs) is ∼50 Å, with four EWs >100 Å. This well-defined spectroscopic sample spans a UV-continuum luminosity range of −21.8 ⩽ MUV ⩽ −19.5 (0.6 ∼ 5 L*UV) and a Lyα luminosity range of (0.3–3) × 1043 erg s−1 (0.3–3 L*Lyα). We derive the UV and Lyα luminosity functions (LFs) from our sample at 〈z〉 ∼ 6.2 after we correct for sample incompleteness. We find that our measurement of the UV LF is consistent with the results of previous studies based on photometric LBG samples at 5 < z < 7. Our Lyα LF is also generally in agreement with the results of Lyα-emitter surveys at z ∼ 5.7 and 6.6. This study shows that deep spectroscopic observations of LBGs can provide unique constraints on both the UV and Lyα LFs at z > 6.
Expectation and Complaint: Online Consumer Complaint Behavior in COVID-19 Isolation

Purpose This study aims to articulate the nature of consumer complaining behavior (CCB) by analyzing the mechanism and characteristics of online CCB in COVID-19 isolated environment. Patients and Methods For the purpose, this study collected data via a web-based questionnaire survey from 408 consumers in Shanghai, China during COVID-19 isolation. Through building and analyzing a structural equation model that consists of six latent variables such as perceived service quality, perceived product quality, customer satisfaction, negative emotion, customer complaint; the study analyzed the basic characteristics of CCB, and focused on the moderation test of consumer expectation to validate its important role in consumer decision-making behavior. Results First, compared to perceived service quality, perceived product quality has a stronger influence on customer satisfaction and has a weaker influence on negative emotions in the COVID-19 isolated environment. Second, the total influence of perceived product quality on customer complaints is stronger than that of perceived service quality. Third, the direct impact of negative emotions on customer complaints was much stronger than the effect of customer satisfaction on customer complaints. Meanwhile, it can also act as a mediating variable to make customer satisfaction have an additional indirect effect on complaints. Finally, the study also found that consumer expectation can reinforce the influences of customer satisfaction on negative emotions and customer complaints, while it weakens the effect of negative emotions on customer complaints. Conclusion This study suggests that the classic CCB factors still exert a stable influence on customer complaints through cognitive and emotional response pathways, but the influence difference is obvious in the COVID-19 isolated environment. And the influence processes are significantly moderated by consumer expectation level. Enterprises should conduct more targeted marketing interactions, according to these CCB characteristics.
A Case of Non-Germinomatous Germ Cell Tumors of the Frontal Lobe Arising From the Lateral Ventricle With a Synchronous Pineal Lesion

Non-germinomatous germ cell tumours (NGGCT) are rare intracranial tumours that account for 1% to 3% of cases. They are usually seen in the pineal and suprasellar regions. NGGCT of the frontal lobe arising from the lateral ventricle with a synchronous pineal lesion is uncommon. We present a case of NGGCT with multifocal lesions in the pineal gland, frontal lobe, and pons treated with chemotherapy followed by craniospinal irradiation (CSI).
Chaotic motion and the evolution of morphological components in a time-dependent model of a barred galaxy within a dark matter halo

Studies of dynamical stability (chaotic versus regular motion) in galactic dynamics often rely on static analytical models of the total gravitational potential. Potentials based upon self-consistent N-body simulations offer more realistic models, fully incorporating the time-dependent nature of the systems. Here we aim at analysing the fractions of chaotic motion within different morphological components of the galaxy. We wish to investigate how the presence of chaotic orbits evolves with time, and how their spatial distribution is associated with morphological features of the galaxy. We employ a time-dependent analytical potential model that was derived from an N-body simulation of a strongly barred galaxy. With this analytical potential we may follow the dynamical evolution of ensembles of orbits. Using the Generalized Alignment Index (GALI) chaos detection method, we study the fraction of chaotic orbits, sampling the dynamics of both the stellar disc and of the dark matter halo. Within the stellar disc, the global trend is for chaotic motion to decrease in time, specially in the region of the bar. We scrutinized the different changes of regime during the evolution (orbits that are permanently chaotic, permanently regular, those that begin regular and end chaotic, and those that begin chaotic and end regular), tracing the types of orbits back to their common origins. Within the dark matter halo, chaotic motion also decreases globally in time. The inner halo (r < 5 kpc) is where most chaotic orbits are found and it is the only region where chaotic orbits outnumber regular orbits, in the early evolution.
The relationship between depressive symptoms and subtypes of mild cognitive impairment in post‐menopausal women: Results from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study

Depressive symptoms are associated with age‐related cognitive impairment, but the relative risk of specific subtypes of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) conferred by depressive symptoms is unclear. The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine the longitudinal association between baseline depressive symptoms and incident cases of MCI subtypes (amnestic vs. non‐amnestic) and probable dementia (PD) (Alzheimer's disease, vascular, mixed) among postmenopausal women.