Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
One-dimensional physical reference models for the upper mantle and transition zone: Combining seismic and mineral physics constraints

One-dimensional seismic reference models are known to be a nonunique solution to global seismic data, hampering an interpretation in terms of physical structure. Here we test the compatibility of the simplest hypothesis of a mantle convecting as a whole, with a constant pyrolitic composition with phase transitions, directly against the kind of seismic data that went into global seismic reference models, focusing on upper mantle structure down to 800 km depth. By randomly varying the elastic and anelastic parameters of the main mantle minerals within their uncertainty bounds, we generate a set of 100,000 adiabatic, pyrolitic models. A small number of these models (<0.1%) give a fit to far-regional P and S travel times (reprocessed ISC catalog, U = 18.5D-26D) and fundamental spheroidal and toroidal modes reference Earth model Web page, 1 60) that is as satisfactory as the fit of preliminary reference Earth model (PREM) or AK135(-F). Although the accepted models have widely different combinations of the mineral parameters, there is a preference for a relatively high olivine shear modulus and its pressure and temperature derivatives, relatively low wadsleyite bulk and shear parameters, and relatively high ringwoodite bulk modulus derivatives. The resulting seismic profiles are very similar and, compared to PREM or AK135, have lower velocities above 400 km, larger jumps near "410," lower transition zone gradients, lower jumps around "660," and stronger gradients directly below. Such physical models that fit seismic data well enough to be useful as a seismic reference model can significantly facilitate physical interpretation of seismic structures.
Measurement Error and Misclassification: A Comparison of Survey and Register Data

The authors provide both a theoretical and empirical analysis of the relation between register and survey data. By distinguishing between different sources of deviations between survey and register data the authors are able to reproduce several stylized facts in the literature. In doing so, they deviate from the almost universal assumption that the register data represent the truth. They illustrate the implications of different error sources for estimation in (simple) econometric models. The analysis is applied to Swedish data that have been collected for a validation study as part of a larger European health and retirement study (SHARE: Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe). Thus this paper makes two contributions: (1) it adds to the limited number of empirical validation studies of earnings measurement in surveys and (2) it shows the sensitivity of some findings in the literature for the assumption that register data represent the truth. They find in particular that the common finding of substantial mean reversion in survey data largely goes away once we allow for a richer error structure.
Using behavior and social associations to assess the welfare of a captive flock of Caribbean flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber)

While the four main roles of zoos are education, research, conservation, and entertainment, the most important goal of zoos is to ensure good animal welfare. Animal welfare is generally assessed by observing the animals for indicators of poor welfare in three categories: health, physiological condition, and behavior. A common indicator of poor welfare is decreased reproduction, which is a problem in many captive flamingo flocks. We assessed the welfare of the flamingo flock at Zoo de Granby using behavior patterns, environmental effects, visitor effects, and social associations. Our results suggest that the behavior patterns differ between a wild population and the Zoo de Granby flock. We found an increased frequency of preening during periods of high humidity, and increased aggressive behaviors during periods of increased heat and humidity. Visitor variables had an effect on most behaviors but did not affect vigilance frequency. Contrary to previous literature, several of the Zoo de Granby pairings were not maintained over time. Association strengths were not different from their previous pairings, or between the nonbreeding and breeding season. Our findings suggest that flamingo behavior is affected by captivity although we do not believe it is a negative effect. We recommend that Zoo de Granby investigate the effect of animal keeper presence and the effect of wing clipping on copulation. Our association findings allow us to provide Zoo de Granby with information regarding strongly associated pairings who should not be separated in the event of a transaction between institutions.
Cast a Ballot or Protest in the Street - Did our Grandparents Do More of Both?: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis in Political Participation

Recent research suggests that younger generations are less likely to be engaged in formal political participation than older ones. However, there is little evidence on the trends for non-formal participation (e.g. signing petitions, demonstrations, etc.) This paper tries to fill a gap in this field by looking at the evolution of extra-parliamentary participation in politics through various measures of civic and political engagement, based on data from six waves of the European Social Survey. The paper confirms that younger generations in European countries participate less in politics through formal activities. A similar trend is observed for extra-parliamentary participation, although this trend is less clear-cut. The results also show that the financial crisis of 2007-2009 witnessed a halt in the downward trend of period effects in the various forms of political participation, followed by the increase of period effects on both formal and extra-parliamentary political participation in the subsequent years (2011-2012.)
Time Series Analysis of Electricity Prices: A comparative study of power markets

During the past few decades, the power sectors of several countries have been substantially reorganized, and liberalized markets for trading of electricity have been established. In this report, evidence from six electricity markets are studied in order to identify characteristics of electricity prices. The market structures, statistical quantities, as well as long-term dependence, are investigated. Detrended fluctuation analysis and the average wavelet coefficient method are employed in order to estimate the Hurst exponent, which quantifies the presence of long-termed dependence. Since it is concluded that the price series are periodic on several time scales, all characteristics are investigated for both the original and deseasonalised versions of the time series. In particular, it is confirmed that the electricity prices are volatile, but that a considerable amount of the volatility is caused by the daily and weekly periodicities. Furthermore, the characteristic return distributions, volatility clustering and price spikes are analysed.
Distinct mental illnesses evoke systematic patterns of stereotype content and emotional prejudice among the lay public: an empirical investigation using the Stereotype Content Model and the BIAS Map for Alzheimer and Schizophrenia subgroups

The present study aimed to extend upon the current understanding of how intergroup stereotypes of Alzheimer and Schizophrenia sufferers are associated with differing levels of stereotype content; and whether such prejudicial stereotypes support the systematic patterns of emotional prejudice hypothesised by the Stereotype Content Model and the BIAS Map. A survey-based design using a 5-point competence/ warmth/ pity/ contempt scale was employed among 60 participants (20-75years) systematically recruited from the general public. Participants were randomly allocated to complete the survey based on one of three conditions: “Schizophrenia sufferers” (n=20); “Alzheimer sufferers” (n=20); and “average mentally healthy individuals” (n=20). Data was analysed with a MANOVA; accompanied by four follow up one-way between subjects ANOVA’s. It was found that: both mental illnesses were perceived as having less competence in comparison to healthy controls. Alzheimer sufferers cued higher warmth and pity ratings in comparison to Schizophrenia sufferers and healthy controls. Schizophrenia sufferers evoked higher contempt ratings in comparison to the control and the Alzheimer subgroups. These findings suggest there are systematic differences in stereotype content and emotional prejudice amidst the general public in association with distinct mental illness subgroups. Ultimately, advocating a further need to encourage greater social contact between mentally healthy persons and those attributed with a mental illness diagnosis, in order to improve intergroup relations and curtail prejudice.
Discussion on the training mode of engineering masters of school-enterprise associate laboratory

In consideration of talent shortage of engineering masters and low quality of engineering education, and in order to effectively strengthen the engineering practice training, this paper elaborates on the significance of creating school-enterprise associate laboratory to train engineering master talents on the base of CDIO engineering education principle. This paper orients towards tutors' research projects and targets at the training of engineering comprehensive abilities, therefore the practice education of engineering masters and actual demand of enterprises can be closely integrated and students' comprehensive qualities can be improved in practice. Meanwhile, this paper discusses the concrete implementation methods and suggestions of creating school-enterprise associate laboratory. The main purpose is to explore the development practice of CDIO engineering education in colleges and universities by virtue of school-enterprise associate laboratory.
Mobility and Inclusion in Multilingual Europe: A Position Paper on the MIME Project

MIME is the acronym of "Mobility and Inclusion in Multilingual Europe". The MIME project was submitted on 31 January 2013 to the Directorate General for Research and Innovation of the European Commission, following a call to tender published on 9 July 2012 on "The Multilingual Challenge for the European Citizen". Combining information gleaned from various official and unofficial sources, we estimate that some 20 projects were in the running for this call. In the spring of 2103, the MIME project received top marks in the evaluation procedure. The aim of this paper is to present the key characteristics of the MIME project, highlighting in particular the cornerstones of its approach to the study of linguistic diversity today.
Effect of solvents on total phenolics, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Bridelia retusa Spreng. stem bark

Effect of different solvents such as water, ethanol (50%), methanol (50%) and acetone (70%) on the total polyphenol content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of stem bark of B. retusa Spreng. was studied. Phenolic content of extracts were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu assays and antioxidant activity was carried out by DPPH and reducing power assay. The results showed that different solvent with different polarity possess significant effect on polyphenolic contents and antioxidant activity. Acetone extract shown highest polyphenol content, 4.7-7.6 mg equivalent to Gallic acid. It also has shown highest antioxidant activity. MIC value <5mg/ml indicated that stem bark of this plant is a potential natural antimicrobial agent.
Using the Body-Sphere Approach to Predict the Effectiveness of Similar and Attractive Models Shown in Advertisements

We introduce the concept of body spheres into research on advertising. We consider four human body spheres (inside one’s body, outside one’s body, on one’s skin, and hybrid) and products that affect human well-being within these distinct spheres. We denote these types of products as inside-my-body products, outside-my-body products, on-myskin products, and hybrid products. We test the hypothesis that models shown in advertisements who are similar to the recipient are effective in affecting responses to inside-mybody products, while attractive models are effective in affecting responses to on-my-skin products. Our results are consistent with this hypothesis.
Development of Relative Clause Constructions in English L2

This study explores how relative clause (RC) constructions develop in the acquisition of English as a second language (L2). The acquisition of RC constructions has been the focus of much research in the field of language acquisition, but a majority of L2 studies in this area is experimental based on the Noun Phrase Accessibility Hierarchy (NPAH) (Keenan & Comrie, 1977). In this study, the spontaneous speech production by a Japanese primary school child, learning English in a naturalistic environment, was audio-recorded regularly over two years, and the development of RC constructions was compared with the acquisition of other English morphological and syntactic structures as represented within Processability Theory (PT) (Pienemann, 1998; Pienemann, Di Biase, & Kawaguchi, 2005; Pienemann & Kesler, 2011). Although PT predicts that subordinate clauses are acquired at the highest stage in processability hierarchy, the results in this longitudinal study show that some types of RC constructions emerge at earlier stages in L2 English acquisition. The results also show that RC constructions in the Japanese child’s English L2 develop in the similar way to those reported in L1 studies (e.g., Diessel, 2004).
Bunch-by-bunch digital dampers for the Fermilab main injector and recycler

A digital transverse and longitudinal bunch-by-bunch damper has been prototyped and tested. The damper is based on immediate 14-bit digitization at 212 MHz (4x the 53 MHz RF bunch frequency), digital pipelined processing in field-programmable gate array (FPGA) logic, and a digitally synthesized damping kick driven by a 212 MHz DAC. A single board performs all calculations for both transverse and longitudinal damping, as well as providing extensive diagnostic read out, and automatically switching between the variety of beam types present. Initial prototyping was carried out by customizing firmware on a commercial board, and has successfully demonstrated bunch-by-bunch transverse damping, antidamping, and pinging. Longitudinal damping uses identical firmware with different FIR coefficients, and will be beam tested when cavities and power amplifiers are installed in the Main Injector summer 2003. A second generation board, in which damping calculations for all 3 coordinates are performed in a single large FPGA is in fabrication. Several other applications are being considered for this board, including implementation of an entire Low-Level RF system on a single board.
A Comparative Study on Histamine Levels of Refrigerated Trout Fillets Using Competitive ELISA and HPLC Methods

1Department of Food Science and Technology, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran 2Young Researchers and Elite Club, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran 3Department of Fishery, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran 4Department of Biotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 5Department of Food Quality and Safety, Food Science and Technology Research Institute, ACECR Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
Electroencephalographic Activity Associated to Investment Decisions: Gender Differences

Literature in finance and neurosciences shows that male and female differ in many relevant issues concerning financial decision investment. Here, we studied the EEG activity recorded while volunteers were playing a stock trading game to investigate these gender differences. 20 males and 20 females made 100 trading decisions using a portfolio of 200 shares of 7 different companies. Males and females were equally successful in earning above the market. sLORETA was used to identify sources of EEG recorded 2 seconds before trading decision. Results showed that male and female used different sets of neuron to make equally successful financial decisions.
On the occasion of the 65th birthday of Governor Klaus Liebscher and in recognition

I examine the financial and real effects of regulatory integration of international capital markets using a unique policy plan by the European Union, which creates a common European market for financial services and capital, through, e.g., passporting rights. For identification, I exploit the bilateral and staggered nature of laws that are passed at the European level but are implemented by national governments. Over its implementation, regulatory integration leads to large increases in external financing, investment and employment for publicly listed firms. These results highlight the importance of regulatory integration of international capital markets for firms’ financing decisions and real outcomes.
Genetic gain of pure line selection and combined crossbred purebred selection with constrained inbreeding

Using deterministic methods, rates of genetic gain ( Δ G) and inbreeding ( Δ F) were compared between pure line selection (PLS) and combined crossbred purebred selection (CCPS), for the sire line of a three-way crossbreeding scheme. Purebred performance and crossbred performance were treated as genetically correlated traits assuming the infinitesimal model. Breeding schemes were compared at a fixed total number of purebred selection candidates, i.e. including crossbred information did not affect the size of the purebred nucleus. Selection was by truncation on estimated breeding values for crossbred performance. Rates of genetic gain were predicted using a pseudo-BLUP selection index. Rates of inbreeding were predicted using recently developed methods based on long-term genetic contributions. Results showed that changing from PLS to CCPS may increase Δ F by a factor of 2·14. In particular with high heritabilities and low purebred-crossbred genetic correlations, CCPS requires a larger number of parents than PLS, to avoid excessive Δ F. The superiority of CCPS over PLS was judged by comparing Δ G from both selection strategies at the same Δ F. At the same Δ F, CCPS was superior to PLS and the superiority of CCPS was only moderately reduced compared with the situation without a restriction on Δ F. This paper shows that the longterm genetic contribution theory can be used to balance Δ F and Δ G in animal breeding schemes within very limited computing time.
Factors influencing imputation accuracy for the South African Drakensberger beef cattle breed

A key limitation impeding the implementation of genomics-based selection for locally important beef breeds is the initial costs involved in generating sufficient high-density genotypic data to set up genomic selection pipelines. There is a need to incorporate sustainable scientific methodology such as genotype imputation to save on genotyping costs. The aim of this research was to assess factors that might influence the accuracy of imputation, with a focus on the South African Drakensberger, which is an economically important Sanga beef cattle breed in South Africa. FImpute software was used to perform imputation from a mimicked ~12K SNP panel to a ~120K panel (GGP HD 150K SNP data) based on pedigree and genomic information. Results indicated improved imputation accuracies for larger reference population sizes (allele concordance = 98.5%) and closer genetic relatedness between testand reference populations (allele concordance = 99.4% when both parents are included). Imputation could be performed more accurately for certain autosomes (BTA20: allele concordance = 99.0%% versus BTA23: allele concordance = 98.2%), which can be attributed to inter-chromosomal differences in population-specific genetic parameters. Results highlighted the importance of accurate pedigree records and close within-breed relatedness in optimizing imputation for genetically heterogeneous breeds. Factors discussed in this study will impact on future sampling and genotyping endeavours and determine how different markers and chromosomes are accounted for in applying imputation towards genomic selection.
Experiences from integrating distributed generation in Norway: Results from a DSO survey 2010/2011

This paper reports the results from a survey conducted in 2010/2011 among 14 Norwegian distribution system operators (DSOs) concerning their experiences with integration of distributed generation (DG) in distribution networks. The survey shows what kind of problems DSOs experience caused by DG connected to their networks, how the DSOs approach the problems and what kind of planning methodologies and tools the DSOs are using to overcome the problems. The results of the survey show that most of the DSOs have experienced problems with DG units connected to their network, despite the network reinforcements that have been necessary to integrate many of the DG units. The survey also shows that several of the DSOs are expecting a considerable increase in the number of DG units in their distribution networks in the years to come. This increase will probably be accelerated by the introduction of green certificates by 01.01. 2012[1], which is expected to increase the profitability of many DG projects. Some of the DSOs have started to address the challenges in their planning methodologies, improving their planning procedures in order to optimize the DG integration process and decrease the need of expensive grid reinforcements. Still, only a few go beyond the normal planning procedures for networks without DG.
Density-dependent clustering - I. Pulling back the curtains on motions of the BAO peak

The most common statistic used to analyse large-scale structure surveys is the correlation function, or power spectrum. Here, we show how ‘slicing’ the correlation function on local density brings sensitivity to interesting non-Gaussian features in the large-scale structure, such as the expansion or contraction of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs) according to the local density. The sliced correlation function measures the large-scale flows that smear out the BAO, instead of just correcting them as reconstruction algorithms do. Thus, we expect the sliced correlation function to be useful in constraining the growth factor, and modified gravity theories that involve the local density. Out of the studied cases, we find that the run of the BAO peak location with density is best revealed when slicing on an ∼40 h^−1Mpc filtered density. But slicing on an ∼100 h^−1 Mpc filtered density may be most useful in distinguishing between underdense and overdense regions, whose BAO peaks are separated by a substantial ∼5 h^−1 Mpc at z = 0. We also introduce ‘curtain plots’ showing how local densities drive particle motions towards or away from each other over the course of an N-body simulation.