Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent Developments of Biomaterials for Additive Manufacturing of Bone Scaffolds

Recent years have witnessed surging demand for bone repair/regeneration implants due to the increasing number of bone defects caused by trauma, cancer, infection, and arthritis worldwide. In addition to bone autografts and allografts, biomaterial substitutes have been widely used in clinical practice. Personalized implants with precise and personalized control of shape, porosity, composition, surface chemistry, and mechanical properties will greatly facilitate the regeneration of bone tissue and satiate the clinical needs. Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, also known as 3D printing, are drawing fast growing attention in the fabrication of implants or scaffolding materials due to their capability of manufacturing complex and irregularly shaped scaffolds in repairing bone defects in clinical practice. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent progress in the development of materials and techniques used in the additive manufacturing of bone scaffolds. In addition, clinical application, pre‐clinical trials and future prospects of AM based bone implants are also summarized and discussed.
Interpretation of artificial intelligence studies for the ophthalmologist.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in ophthalmology has increased dramatically. However, interpretation of these studies can be a daunting prospect for the ophthalmologist without a background in computer or data science. This review aims to share some practical considerations for interpretation of AI studies in ophthalmology. RECENT FINDINGS It can be easy to get lost in the technical details of studies involving AI. Nevertheless, it is important for clinicians to remember that the fundamental questions in interpreting these studies remain unchanged - What does this study show, and how does this affect my patients? Being guided by familiar principles like study purpose, impact, validity, and generalizability, these studies become more accessible to the ophthalmologist. Although it may not be necessary for nondomain experts to understand the exact AI technical details, we explain some broad concepts in relation to AI technical architecture and dataset management. SUMMARY The expansion of AI into healthcare and ophthalmology is here to stay. AI systems have made the transition from bench to bedside, and are already being applied to patient care. In this context, 'AI education' is crucial for ophthalmologists to be confident in interpretation and translation of new developments in this field to their own clinical practice.
Perfil fermentativo de silagens de cana-de-açúcar in natura ou queimada e tratadas ou não com Lactobacillus buchneri

The objective of this work was to compare losses, microbiological dynamics and nutritional and fermentative alterations in silages of fresh or burned sugar cane treated or not with Lactobacillus buchneri during storage period. Treatments were fresh sugar cane or treated with L. buchneri and sugar cane burned or treated with L. buchneri, evaluated with 0, 1, 4, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days of fermentation, in three replicates per treatment. Only before ensiling it was observed significant difference in the yeast population between fresh and burned sugar cane, whose values were 4.85 and 5.43 log ufc/g of forage, respectively. Over fermentation time, it occurred reduction of dry matter recovery and losses lasted until the 56th day. Ethanol concentration was high until day 28 and steady until day 56, with no difference among treatments. In vitro true dry matter digestibility was severely reduced in the first days of storage, reducing approximately 20 percentage units at 56 days of storage. Silage from burned sugar cane showed the greatest losses and changes on the fermentative and nutritional traits compared to fresh sugar cane silage. L. buchneri should be used on the burned sugar cane silage but for fresh sugar cane silage, its use is not necessary.
Los braconidos (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) como grupo parametro de biodiversidad en las selvas deciduas del tropico: una discusion acerca de su posible uso

The aim of this essay is to propose the use of a parasitoid wasp family (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as a parameter group for describing the biodiversity in tropical deciduous forest in order to evaluate and monitor the effect of anthropogenic activities in this ecosystems. The importance of this group is related to their regulating role on host populations, being an important alternativa for biological pest control by natural enemies instead of the application of pesticidas. Eight criteria are considerad to define them as a parameter group. In conclusion, the braconids, especially the koinobiont species can be used as parameter groups to determine the human impact on the natural communities and to estimate the species richness in a given region. In addition, this study provides Information related to the diversity of this group through a latitudinal gradient.
The costs and benefits of territorial neighbours in a Texas pupfish (Cyprinodon bovinus)

Territorial animals often establish themselves in clusters despite the presence of suitable unoccupied habitat nearby or the costly interactions involved in settling into conjoining territories. One reason for this may be that the presence of adjacent neighbours allows residents to share the costs of defending against intruders while reaping the benefits of maintaining the territories. In the Leon Springs pupfish, Cyprinodon bovinus, we compared the territories of males defending in a cluster to males defending in dispersed localities and asked whether territory residents would be more successful with or without sharing common borders with competing neighbours. Clustered residents were subjected to more intrusions by conspecific competitors and had a substantial portion of their spawning opportunities interrupted by intruding males. In particular, neighbours caused half of the spawning interruptions observed in clustered territories; in comparison, dispersed residents were rarely interrupted during spawning sequences. However, clustered males approached and spawned with more females than dispersed males, with the consequence that the overall reproductive successes of clustered and dispersed males were similar. These results are discussed in relation to the potential habitat differences between the clustered and dispersed localities and the ideal free distribution of competitors.
No evidence for epistasis in hybrid and per se performance of elite european flint maize inbreds from generation means and QTL analyses

Favorable epistatic gene complexes may be important for hybrid performance of maize (Zea mays L.). This study was conducted to assess the importance of epistasis in per se and testcross performance for grain yield and grain moisture in four crosses among four elite European flint maize lines by generation means analyses as well as genome-wide tests for significant digenic epistatic effects between marker loci. For each cross, six generations (P1, P2, F 1 , F 2 , BC1, BC2) and testcrosses of these generations plus the F 2 -Syn1, F 2 -Syn2, and F 2 -Syn3 generations in combination with an unrelated dent tester were evaluated in four environments. Testcross generation means of P, BC, F 1 , F 2 , F 2 -Syn1, F 2 -Syn2, and F 2 -Syn3 did not significantly differ from each other for grain yield and grain moisture, indicating that epistasis between unlinked and moderately linked loci was negligible in its net effect. Depending on the cross, QTL mapping for per se and testcross performance with the dent tester was conducted with 71 to 344 lines (F 3 to F 6 ) grown in four environments. In genome-wide two-way ANOVAs, significant epistatic interactions were found with only a few marker pairs that did not improve the fit of the model after including main-effect QTLs previously detected by composite interval mapping. Poor correspondence of the results from per se and testcross analyses reflects dominance and epistatic interactions between parental and tester alleles. Our results suggest that epistasis is of minor importance for both traits with regard to the optimum type of population (F 2 vs. BC) in recycling breeding of elite maize inbreds. Estimates of digenic epistasis detected with genome-wide tests must be treated with caution because of the problems associated with model selection in QTL mapping with the sample sizes commonly used.
Ancient Land Routes On The Paximadhi Peninsula, Karystos, Euboea

Recent regional surface surveys have placed more focus on rural investigations, but the means of transport and communication within those rural surroundings has not al ways received adequate attention. The Southern Euboea Exploration Project has under taken a new phase of research in the Karystos area with the goal of developing a meth odology that allows for a more detailed record of the pre modern land routes. On the Paximadhi peninsula it was possible to identify numerous fragments of suspected an cient routes dating to the Classical and Hellenistic periods. In the majority of cases these fragments were closely associated with adjacent datable ancient sites. By taking into consideration the evidence recorded during the survey it was sometimes possible to propose the extension of these ancient segments and to theorize the directions, lengths, and purposes of ancient networks.
Androstenedione and Testosterone Levels in Peripheral Plasma of Male Shiba Goats during Development

Developmental changes in testicular size and plasma androgen levels in male Shiba goats were studied during 2-12 months of age. Scrotal circumference increased rapidly until 5 months of age (18.6±0.9 cm; mean±SEM). Plasma androstenedione and testosterone reached peak levels of 0.23-0.50 ng/ml and 5.47-9.69 ng/ml, respectively as testicular size increased, and then showed a tentative decline with nadirs of 0.01-0.04 ng/ml and 0.26-0.94 ng/ml, respectively after full growth in testicular size. The fluctuation of androstenedione was in parallel with that of testosterone but the androstenedione levels were only 1-10% those of testosterone. Thus, the results indicated that testosterone was the predominant androgen starting from 2-3 months of age through puberty in male Shiba goats.
Response of eight winter crops to zinc fertilizer on a Typic Ustochrept soil

SUMMARY The responses to Zn fertilizer of wheat, barley, oats, lentil, chickpea, pea, mustard and linseed were studied on a Typic Ustochrept soil in Pura, India in winter 1982/83 and 1983/84. Application of Zn significantly increased the grain or seed and total biomass yield of all the crops and enhanced Zn concentration and uptake. The response was greatest in lentil, followed by chickpea, pea, wheat, linseed, mustard, barley and oats. Cereals accumulated the most Zn, followed by the pulses and oilseeds. The pulses were more sensitive to Zn deficiency than the other crops.
Psychiatric Comorbidity in Patients With Chronic Pancreatitis Associates With Pain and Reduced Quality of Life.

INTRODUCTION Abdominal pain, frequent in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP), has a negative impact on quality of life (QOL). Psychiatric comorbidities including anxiety and depression are associated with pain, but their prevalence and effects on QOL in CP have not been quantified. We studied the prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with CP and their associated patient and disease characteristics and impact on QOL. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, multicenter prospective study. Patients were screened with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire. A Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score >7 on the respective anxiety or depression subscales indicated the presence of anxiety or depression and was used as a surrogate for the diagnosis of psychiatric comorbidities. Patient demographics, disease characteristics, QOL (EORTC-QLQ-C30), and pain symptoms (Brief Pain Inventory Short Form) were compared between patients with and without psychiatric comorbidities. RESULTS One hundred seventy-one patients with CP (mean age 53.8 ± 13.7 years, 60% men) were included. Anxiety and depression were present in 80 (46.8%) and 66 (38.6%) patients, with overlap in 50 (29%). Patients with anxiety or depression reported higher pain prevalence, pain severity, and pain interference scores (all P < 0.001). Psychiatric comorbidities also associated with reduced global health scores and functional subscales (all P < 0.001) and higher symptom burden (P ≤ 0.03). An independent association was noted between global health status and depression (P < 0.001). DISCUSSION Psychiatric comorbidities are prevalent in patients with CP and associated with pain and QOL. Where the effect of anxiety on QOL may be mediated via pain, depression is independently related to QOL. These findings warrant consideration in the management of patients with CP.
Proposal to Place the Nomenclature of the Cyanobacteria (Blue-Green Algae) Under the Rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria

The Subcommittee on the Phototrophic Bacteria of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology (ICSB) of the International Association of Microbiological Societies (IAMS) proposes unanimously to the ICSB that the nomenclature of the cyanobacteria (cyanophytes, blue-green algae) shall be governed as of 1 January 1979 by the provisions of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (3). Since a prospective date (1 January 1980) has been fixed for the publication of approved lists of procaryotic names, it is further recommended that this deadline should be extended, in the particular case of the cyanobacteria, to 1 January 1985.
Maternal Corn Environment Influences Wild-Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum) Seed Characteristics

Abstract Modification of the cropping environment to make weed seed more susceptible to fatal germination or decay processes is based, in part, on the premise that seed longevity is affected by the crop-influenced environment in which seed is produced, hereafter, called the maternal crop environment. The objective of this investigation was to determine the influence of maternal crop environment on wild-proso millet seed production, germinability, and seed coat tone (i.e., lightness), a trait previously associated with seed longevity in wild-proso millet. Maternal corn environments were established by growing wild-proso millet plants in four morphologically different sweet corn hybrids in four replicates over 2 yr. Wild-proso millet seed was collected at sweet corn harvest, enumerated, characterized for seed coat tone, and tested for germination. Principal component factor analysis reduced six sweet corn traits measured between silking and harvest into a single maternal corn environment factor that accounted for 84% of the variation among crop canopies. Functional relationships between maternal corn environment factor scores and wild-proso millet seed characteristics were clarified by fitting linear models. For each unit decrease in maternal environment factor score, wild-proso millet seed production increased 1,535 seed m−2, germination increased 2.2%, and seed coat tone was 1.8% lighter. These results show the size and germinability of wild-proso millet seed was highest in less-competitive maternal corn environments characterized by a short time to crop maturity and a small crop-canopy size. Nomenclature: Wild-proso millet, Panicum miliaceum L. , PANMI; sweet corn, Zea mays L.
Masticatory morphological diversity and chewing modes in South American caviomorph rodents (family Octodontidae)

The relationship between masticatory morphology and chewing modes in all living genera of South American rodents in the family Octodontidae was analysed. Chewing directions and the patterns of molar occlusion were assessed. Factor and regression analyses of skull and jaw characters, and attributes of the adductor musculature, especially the line of action of masseters and pterygoids, were performed to check their relations with the chewing modes. Two basic chewing strategies are present in octodontids: oblique unilateral (associated with anterolingual jaw displacement, and alternate occlusion of left and right molar series), and propalinal bilateral (associated with mostly posteroanterior jaw displacement, and simultaneous occlusion). The skull and jaw characters examined are related only partly to these chewing strategies. The temporal pattern of muscle contraction provides a possible explanation for such a functional versatility. Propalinal grinding in octodontids could be achieved through simultaneous muscle contraction, with limited reliance on the lines of action of the involved muscles. Therefore, simultaneous contraction explains a similar propalinal masticatory mode in morphologically disparate genera. In accordance with phylogenetic information, oblique unilateral chewing is primitive in octodontids, and the derived propalinal mode has been developed independently at least twice in the evolution of the family.
Postcolonial cities

In recent years, geographers have made various forays into the burgeoning literature on postcolonialism and mined it for new insights to enrich geographical concerns. While the proliferation of uses and implied meanings of the term ‘postcolonial’ (and its confusion and conflation with other terms like ‘neo-colonial’, ‘ex-colonial’, ‘anticolonial’, ‘post-independence’ and ‘post-imperial’) has resulted in a tangled skein of intellectual threads which is difficult to unravel, the term has been also productive of new, if oddly juxtaposed, simultaneities and relations which, potentially, could pave the way for new and broad understandings about the conditions of our times. A wide range of questions have been traced, including: in what ways is the ‘postcolonial’ framed by the ‘colonial’, and in what ways does it resist the ‘colonial’? Does the ‘postcolonial’ simply signify a movement from the ‘colonial’ to the ‘neo-colonial’, and how much faith do we invest in what Jacobs (1996) calls the ‘fantastic optimism of the “post” in postcolonialism’? Does it describe a transitory phase and, if so, what comes after ‘post’? In what ways does postcolonial discourse open up new ways of understanding the multidirectional, mutual constitution of the ‘heart’ and ‘margins’ of empire and its aftermath? (For further samplings, see Goss, 1996; Hall, 1996; Rattansi, 1997.) For some, postcolonialism is something fairly tangible, with ‘real political and historical referents in space and time, locating cultural as well as economic and political connections between metropole and colony’ and referring specifically to ‘the social, demographic, political, cultural, and spatial built forms in once-colonial societies of the periphery’ (King, 1993: 90). This take on postcolonialism is best distinguished in work focusing on ‘forms of postcolonial expressions and identity’ such as postcolonial capital cities, parliamentary complexes, buildings, national symbols, artistic styles, cultural forms and social identities (Simon, 1998: 230). It has been pointed out (Jackson and Jacobs, 1996; Jacobs, 1996; Radcliffe, 1997), however, that the term is less usefully tied to a specific historical moment, a political Progress in Human Geography 25,3 (2001) pp. 456–468
Role of Current Versus Historical Hydrology in Amphibian Species Turnover within Local Pond Communities

Abstract This study explored how historical and current hydrological conditions covaried with colonization and occupancy probabilities for 14 pond-breeding amphibians at 32 natural sinkhole ponds over a five-year period. Occupancy and colonization were estimated independently for breeding adults and juvenile recruits (metamorphs) of each species using proportion of area occupied (PAO) models that incorporated species detection probabilities. Model selection revealed whether historical or current hydrological conditions are more important in determining occupancy and colonization probabilities for each species. Adults and metamorphs of ranids and most salamanders had occupancy and colonization rates that were best estimated by models that incorporated each pond's historical hydrology. A comparison of colonization and occupancy dynamics for history dependent species indicates that these species contribute little to species turnover within local pond communities. Adult occupancy and colonization of hylid, bufonid, and a pelobatid species were more dependent on the immediate hydrology of a pond within a year. Recruitment dynamics of these same anuran species were best fit by models that incorporated both current and historical pond hydrology. In some years, these species had high probabilities of producing metamorphs in ponds where they had not produced metamorphs in the previous year. Increases or stability in colonization probabilities between years sometimes coincided with stable occupancy probabilities, indicating that these opportunistic species are responsible for species turnover in local communities. Short-term species turnover within local amphibian communities appears to be driven by these opportunistic species and linked to major changes in weather between consecutive years.
Evaluating Tolerance of Herbicide and Transplantation by Cane (a Native Bamboo) for Canebrake Restoration

Canebrakes (bamboo grasslands dominated by Arundinaria spp.) were once a widespread ecosystem across the Southeastern United States, and many species of wildlife depended upon them. Early settlers replaced this system with subsistence agriculture and today few canebrakes remain. The restoration of canebrakes is critical to the recovery of several wildlife species; however, restoration is complicated because (1) seed is uncommon and often predated, (2) competition from hardwood species, including the exotic Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinesnse), often prevent cane establishment, and (3) cane depends on disturbance regimes that have been disrupted in the Southeast. We investigated the tolerance of Switch cane (Arundinaria tecta) to four commonly used herbicides that are effective at controlling privet and other hardwoods: hexazinone (Velpar‐L), glyphosate (Razor Pro), triclopyr (Garlon 3A), and imazapyr (Chopper). We also investigated the possibility of transplanting cane culms, and the factors affecting successful transplant. Cane tolerated hexazinone and triclopyr but was damaged or killed by glyphosate and imazapyr. Although many measures of weather and cane condition were not predictors of transplant success, the Keetch–Byram drought index was a strong predictor, and is available through most state forestry offices. Selective herbicides and deliberately timed transplantation may be important canebrake restoration tools.