Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HABITAT PREFERENCES AND VENTRAL COLOR VARIABILITY OF HIRUDO MEDICINALIS (CLITELLATA: HIRUDINIDA)

This study deals with the habitat preferences of medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis Linnaeus, 1758 in the Czech Republic, in a highly agriculturally used and fragmented landscape, and provides the detailed information about the ventral coloration of this species. The study was conducted in 2010–2011 at 11 out of total 15 localities of H. medicinalis in the Czech Republic. At each locality a phytocenological sample of littoral and aquatic vegetation was recorded and physicochemical variables were measured. All captured leeches were measured and weighted, and a photo of ventral side was taken. Division of localities based on aquatic vegetation (TWINSPAN) formed groups of localities which corresponded to the population sizes of H. medicinalis . According to the abiotic factors localities with H. medicinalis were rich in carbon, poor in oxygen and situated in an area with warm climate. In this study four different ventral color patterns were described. During the ontogenetic development ventral side becomes darker, as indicated by the significant relationship between the percentage of dark color and leech size.
The fluxes and distribution of molybdenum in a mountainous fir forest in two hydrological years

The distribution, stocks and fluxes of Mo were examined in a mountainous fir forest in Greece in two hydrological years. In both years, the fluxes of Mo in throughfall were lower than those in bulk deposition implying Mo retention and probably uptake by tree canopies. The Mo concentration was appreciable in soil solution but its fluxes were lower than those in throughfall. The Mo fluxes in both bulk and throughfall deposition were higher than those in litterfall, a finding that stresses the importance of the hydrological cycle for this metal. The Mo concentration in the older twigs in the standing trees were higher than the current year ones most probably due to the existence of dry deposition. The concentrations of total Mo in soils reflected the nature of the sedimentary rocks underlying the soil and increased with depth following the clay concentration gradient. The available (oxalate extractable) Mo in soils ranged from 3% to 14% of the total Mo. In terms of the stocks of Mo, the soil had by far the highest values in both total and available Mo. The needs of the fir plants for Mo uptake are covered by the available Mo in the mineral soil layers, whereas the Mo content in the organic horizon may not be adequate for this purpose.
Study of Entity Detection and Identification using Deep Learning Techniques a Survey

Real-time object detection is a recent trend in image processing that plays a very important role in detection of objects and identifying them. Also there are various tools for image processing to identify objects. There are also frameworks which uses end to end network and shows very good results in object detection. However, compared to more accurate but time-consuming frameworks, detection accuracy of existing real-time networks are still left far behind. In this survey paper we have studied different object identification techniques. In this paper various frameworks like HyperNet, novel CAD YOLO Voxnet are studied. Various methods for object detection and identification like region generation, scale invariant detection, non maximum weighted, Sparse matrix distribution, Background modeling, Speed Up Robust Feature(SURF), Single Shot Detection(SSD) are also studied. R-CNN, Edge detection algorithms and Approach based studies are learned.
Physiological maturity of seeds of Cedrela fissilis

Cedrela fissilis Vell is known as cedar, is an arboreal species and has great economic importance due to its extensive use. The seeds are the way to spread more used in the deployment of forests, so important to the knowledge of the physiological maturity. The research aimed to verify if the degree of maturation of the seeds of C. fissilis influences in their quality, by means of tests of germination and seed vigor. The seeds were classified into three stages of maturation, determined in accordance with the Charter of colors: 5 YR 6/8; 5 YR 4/6 and 2.5 YR 3/4. To verify the effects of maturation stages, carried out the following: weight of a thousand seeds, germination test, accelerated aging and performance of seedlings. The experimental design was a completely randomized. The maturation stages of seed resulted in significant effects in the mass of a thousand seeds, germination percentage and germination speed index.The accelerated aging test was efficient for classification of levels of seed vigor of C. fissilis in different maturation stages of the maturation stage of seed bearing on the quality of seedlings.
Shortlisting aptamer Candidates from HT-SELEX data

High-throughput systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (HT-SELEX) is a development of SELEX which uses next generation sequencing to analyse the aptamer selection process. Computational tools have previously been developed specifically to analyse HT-SELEX data and assist in shortlisting aptamers most likely to have high affinity to the SELEX target(s). We have exploited a published HT-SELEX data set to assess the performance of six aptamer clustering methods and four methods to rank the clusters in their ability to shortlist the highest affinity aptamers. We found that methods which attempt to take into account second - ary structure, in terms of its enrichment characteristics and complexity, did not perform as well as simpler methods, which cluster based on sequence alone and rank by a measure of the final absolute enrichment. We also demonstrate that analysis methods developed for amplicon metagenomics perform well on HT-SELEX data. Importantly, we note a lack of publicly accessible HT-SELEX/validation data despite numerous studies reporting the use of this technique, which hampers extensive comparative benchmarking. We implore the community to make data public to aid methodological advances in aptamer shortlisting and benchmarking.
Mastering the Super Timeline With log2timeline

Traditional timeline analysis can be extremely useful yet it sometimes misses important events that are stored inside files or OS artifacts on the suspect. By solely depending on traditional filesystem timeline the investigator misses context that is necessary to get a complete and accurate description of the events that took place. To achieve this goal of enlightenment we need to dig deeper and incorporate information found inside artifacts or log files into our timeline analysis and create some sort of super timeline. These artifacts or log files could reside on the suspect system itself or in another device, such as a firewall or a proxy. This paper presents a framework, log2timeline that addresses this problem in an automatic fashion. It is a framework, built to parse different log files and artifacts and produce a super timeline in an easy automatic fashion to assist investigators in their timeline analysis.
An enhanced Sniffing Tool for Network Management

: The use of packet sniffers is most effective in monitoring and troubleshootingcomputer networksagainst vulnerabilities mostly threaten data security and integrity. However, an initial investigation showed that the efficiency of existing packet sniffing platforms suffered setbacks in the areas of malware detection, platform dependency and user interface. As such, an easy graphical user interface (GUI) and minimal memory requirements were established asthe most essential features required to effectively monitor network activities. This report analyses the limitations of existing packet sniffing tools, using an Object-OrientedModelling (OOM) design methodology; in a bid to develop a platform independent tool with simpler GUI, better performance and security whereby a user can perform different routines built into the packet sniffing system by selecting the File or View menus for sub menus to appear for selection, in less time. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AURORA: Statistical Crash Analysis for Automated Root Cause Explanation

Given the huge success of automated software testing techniques, a large amount of crashes is found in practice. Identifying the root cause of a crash is a time-intensive endeavor, causing a disproportion between ﬁnding a crash and ﬁxing the underlying software fault. To address this problem, various approaches have been proposed that rely on techniques such as reverse execution and backward taint analysis. Still, these techniques are either limited to certain fault types or provide an analyst with assembly instructions, but no context information or explanation of the underlying fault. In this paper, we propose an automated analysis approach that does not only identify the root cause of a given crashing input for a binary executable, but also provides the analyst with context information on the erroneous behavior that characterizes crashing inputs. Starting with a single crashing input, we generate a diverse set of similar inputs that either also crash the program or induce benign behavior. We then trace the program’s states while executing each found input and generate predicates, i. e. , simple Boolean expressions that capture behavioral differences between crashing and non-crashing inputs. A statistical analysis of all predicates allows us to identify the predicate pinpointing the root cause, thereby not only revealing the location of the root cause, but also providing an analyst with an explanation of the misbehavior a crash exhibits at this location. We implement our approach in a tool called A URORA and evaluate it on 25 diverse software faults. Our evaluation shows that A URORA is able to uncover root causes even for complex bugs. For example, it succeeded in cases where many millions of instructions were executed between developer ﬁx and crashing location. In contrast to existing approaches, A URORA is also able to handle bugs with no data dependency between root cause and crash, such as type confusion bugs.
The Effect Of Job Embeddedness And Job Satisfaction On Turnover Intention: Organizational Trust As Mediation Variable In The Deka Marketing Research

This study aims to examine the effect of job embeddedness and job satisfaction on turnover intention mediated by organizational trust. The study was conducted at Deka Marketing Research with a sample of 30 people. Data analysis techniques using path analysis. The results showed that job embeddedness had a significant effect in reducing turnover intention without going through an organizational trust so that the mediating role of organizational trust was not needed on the effect of job embeddedness on turnover intention. Job satisfaction has a significant influence on influencing turnover intention through organizational trust.
Design and Implementation of a General System for Conflict Analysis

: To strengthen the dominant's dominance or to weaken that dominance, the conflict's agents seek to create alliances. The conflict is a life phenomenon; individuals, companies, states, organizations, governments, etc., are in conflict. Due to the importance of the conflict and its great impact on human interests and relations, many methods have been suggested to study and analyze it. The rough set theory is one of the important tools to deal with inconsistency, which characterizes conflict. Inconsistency in conflict represents uncertainty about alliance, neutrality and struggle among agents in a conflict situation. This paper presents the design and implementation of a proposed general system for conflict analysis that depends on rough set theory and conflict theory. It discusses the overall process of this system from obtaining dataset, factors computation, computing the distance function, and then visualizing the results. Real conflict datasets were used to test the system. Furthermore, synthetic datasets, with different sizes, were utilized to study the scalability of the proposed system.
ManneqKit Cards: A Kinesthetic Empathic Design Tool Communicating Depression Experiences

While depression is a mood disorder with significant societal impact, the experiences of people living with depression are yet not easy to access. HCI's tenet to understand users, particularly addressed by the empathic design approach, has prioritized verbal communication of such experiences. We introduce ManneqKit, a kinesthetic empathic design tool consisting of 15 cards with bodily postures and vignettes leveraging the nonverbal aspects of depression experiences. We report the co-design of ManneqKit with 10 therapists, its piloting with 4 therapists and 10 non-therapists, and evaluation through design workshops with 9 interaction designers and 3 therapists. Findings describe metaphorical descriptions of depression experiences and their postures, as well as cards' ability to elicit strong empathy. We discuss the value of these findings for interaction design in terms of novel empathic design tools capturing nonverbal qualities of lived experiences, support for richer understanding of vulnerable users experiencing depression, design ideation underpinned by ethical values, and the need to balance empathy with distancing for designers' wellbeing.
Age- and Gender-Specific Changes in Thyroid Size and Thyroid Function Test Values of Euthyroid Subjects

Background: The thyroid status is evaluated by two clinical diagnostic tests which are thyroid ultrasonography and thyroid function tests. The objective of this research is to critically analyze the age and gender based variations of thyroid volume and thyroid hormone levels in the hospital based euthyroid subjects. Methodology: A total of 221 euthyroid subjects aged 1 - 86 years were selected to observe the normal thyroid size by ultrasonography at Department of Radiology and the thyroid function test values (FT3, FT4 and TSH) of 2413 euthyroid subjects aged (<1)-93 years were observed at Department of Biochemistry, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal during January 2017 to February 2018. The observed data were analyzed graphically and statistically to check the cross-correlations among the variables. Results: The best fitted equations with significant correlation coefficients and p < 0.05 provide the empirical relations between any two of the observed variables: age, thyroid lobe volumes, FT3, FT4 and TSH. The mean ± SD (p < 0.0001) of thyroid volume, FT3, FT4 and TSH are 4.74 ± 2.30 mL, 5.46 ± 0.82 pmol/L, 14.09 ± 2.71 pmol/L and 2.30 ± 0.98 mIU/L, respectively. Conclusion: The thyroid size first increases and then decreases whereas the thyroxin level first decreases and then increases with aging. Left lobe volume is almost same for both genders and right lobe volume is higher in males. The thyroid size in menarche and menopause periods of females is larger than that of males. Such age- and gender-specific changes recommend the new refer-ence ranges for the normal thyroid functions.
A Review of Common Approaches to Sentiment Analysis and Community Detection

Sentiment analysis and community detection are two very active fields of research in computer science. They are both intimately linked to the modern phenomenon of social media, and can be very useful for extracting valuable information from a large corpus of social media posts. In this paper, we review the basic concepts of both fields and outline some of the algorithms and approaches that have been successfully applied. Finally, we take a look at the instances where both have been applied together.
ASSESSING MATERNAL BEHAVIORS THAT SUPPORT CHILDREN’S SELF-REGULATED LEARNING

The aim of the present study was to adapt a measure of maternal scaffolding of children’s learning and to examine its relationships with children’s self-regulated learning (SRL) skills and cognitive performance in different cognitive domains, such as visual-spatial and language tasks. Thirty-five pairs of mothers-preschool children participated in joint problem solving. Maternal supportive behaviors were examined by means of a structured observation form tapping mothers’ Cognitive and Metacognitive Support, EmotionalMotivational Support, and Autonomy Support. The children’s actual SRL skills and cognitive performance in the two different cognitive domains were also assessed. The maternal scaffolding instrument’s inter-rater reliability was confirmed. A developing and dynamic network of relations emerged between maternal scaffolding behaviors, children’s SRL skills and cognitive performance; the cognitive domain of the tasks differentiated these relations. Maternal promotion of children’s autonomy was positively associated with children’s actual use of cognitive strategies, and with their planning and monitoring skills in both cognitive domains. The implications of the findings for promoting children’s SRL in different cognitive domains are discussed.
Early Marriage, Age of Menarche, and Female Schooling Attainment in Bangladesh

Using data from rural Bangladesh, we explore the hypothesis that women attain less schooling as a result of social and financial pressure to marry young. We isolate the causal effect of marriage timing using age of menarche as an instrumental variable. Our results indicate that each additional year that marriage is delayed is associated with 0.22 additional year of schooling and 5.6 percent higher literacy. Delayed marriage is also associated with an increase in use of preventive health services. In the context of competitive marriage markets, we use the above results to obtain estimates of the change in equilibrium female education that would arise from introducing age of consent laws.
Leveraging Mobility Flows from Location Technology Platforms to Test Crime Pattern Theory in Large Cities

Crime has been previously explained by social characteristics of the residential population and, as stipulated by crime pattern theory, might also be linked to human movements of non-residential visitors. Yet a full empirical validation of the latter is lacking. The prime reason is that prior studies are limited to aggregated statistics of human visitors rather than mobility flows and, because of that, neglect the temporal dynamics of individual human movements. As a remedy, we provide the first work which studies the ability of granular human mobility in describing and predicting crime concentrations at an hourly scale. For this purpose, we propose the use of data from location technology platforms. This type of data allows us to trace individual transitions and, therefore, we succeed in distinguishing different mobility flows that (i) are incoming or outgoing from a neighborhood, (ii) remain within it, or (iii) refer to transitions where people only pass through the neighborhood. Our evaluation infers mobility flows by leveraging an anonymized dataset from Foursquare that includes almost 14.8 million consecutive check-ins in three major U.S. cities. According to our empirical results, mobility flows are significantly and positively linked to crime. These findings advance our theoretical understanding, as they provide confirmatory evidence for crime pattern theory. Furthermore, our novel use of digital location services data proves to be an effective tool for crime forecasting. It also offers unprecedented granularity when studying the connection between human mobility and crime.
Acoustic Startle Response and Prepulse Inhibition:Sex Differences with Cocaine

Schizophrenia is a debilitating neurological illness and in this study, our focus is on an aspect of neuro-cognition that is believed to explain many of the attention and cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. The acoustic startle response paradigm is applied to the animal model to test the gain or loss of prepulse inhibition (PPI). A decline in prepulse inhibition has been used as a direct correlate of dysfunctional sensorimotor gating which is measured in this study as an increase in startle amplitude or Vmax. With the injection (ip) of cocaine we induced psychosis in male and female murine animals. We compared changes in the acoustic startle response after administration of cocaine using physiological saline as a control. Sex response differences were analyzed with two-way ANOVA PRISM software by Graph Pad and significant differences were found between both dosage variation and gender. Empirical research in our laboratory with Neuromolecular Imaging reveals the pharmacokinetics of cocaine induced sex differences involved in the area of the mesocorticolimbic biogenic amine systems. In previous studies of the acoustic startle paradigm in the Broderick lab, higher doses of cocaine were used. In this investigation, low doses of cocaine were administered to compare to higher doses as different dose responses are seen when studying typical versus atypical antipsychotics. Furthermore, subtle changes and variations of responses between sexes at the lower doses may belie the underpinnings of the mechanism of such an atypical medication, risperidone.
Reverse Lipofection for Spatially Defined Transfection with DNA/Cationic Lipoplexes

In this work a new reverse transfection methodology is proposed. It is likely to allow the combination of cell array technologies with the advantages of cationic lipid-based gene delivery. In this new method, lipoplexes are immobilized onto the substrate taking advantage of the ligation avidin-biotin before cell plating. In a first approach, the immobilization of lipoplexes was tested and some exploratory assays were performed. Secondly and by means of Response Surface Methodologies (RSM) five variables (lipid concentration, DOTAP:DOPE proportion, initial number of cells, pDNA concentration and liposome size) known to influence transfection efficiency were allowed to vary. In this way, not only the effect of each variable was obtained but also the effect of the interaction between variables in the response variable. A maximum 63.3% transfection efficiency was obtained and DOTAP:DOPE proportion and Lipid Concentration were observed to be the variables that have the most significant effect on transfection efficiency. Although it was concluded that the experimental region under study was far from the ideal region for an optimum transfection, further experiments can be drawn from the conclusions here taken.
Leader Value Added: Assessing the Growth Contribution of Individual National Leaders

Previous literature suggests that leaders matter for growth in general. This paper asks which leaders matter and develops a methodology to estimate the growth contribution of individual leaders and calculate its precision. The findings show that few leaders have statistically significant contributions; it is difficult to know who is good for growth and who is not. The paper also finds that the most intuitive estimate of a leader's contribution -- the average growth rate during tenure -- is largely useless for measuring his or her true contribution. Consequently, many leaders with statistically significant growth effects are surprises. Moreover, leaders in non-democratic countries are no more likely to be statistically significant than leaders in democratic ones.