Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abundance of Thrips obscuratus (Crawford) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) during wine grape flowering in different regions in New Zealand

As a first step in understanding the pest status of thrips in wine grapes in New Zealand, we aimed to determine the species composition of thrips in grape inflorescences in four grape-growing regions of the country (sampling grape cv. ‘Chardonnay’ from 18 growers) and to quantify their abundance. Of the regions, by far the largest numbers of thrips were recorded from Canterbury (mean number of thrips per inflorescence from the raw data=48.6, 9.3, 9.4 and 6.4 for Canterbury, Auckland, Hawke's Bay and Marlborough, respectively). Of a subsample of 15% (536 thrips) identified, all but one were New Zealand flower thrips females (NZFT, Thrips obscuratus). The largest numbers of thrips were measured on the windward sides of three out of four vineyards sampled. The presence of thrips eggs and larvae suggests that grape vines are breeding hosts for NZFT, but further research is now needed on the thrips’ life cycle and its distribution and numbers in New Zealand vineyards in order to determine the risk this potential pest presents to the wine industry.
Vegetative growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) in response to the systemic insecticide phorate

O efeito do inseticida sistemico forate no crescimento vegetativo e producao de tomateiros (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) foi estudado em casa de vegetacao. Tres dosagens de forate foram estudadas: 1,5, 7,5 e 13,5 mg i.a. / 1.5 L vaso e um controle (sem aplicacao do inseticida). As plantas foram colhidas 17, 32, 51, 69 e 90 dias apos o plantio. Analises de regressao nao mostraram efeito significativo de doses do inseticida na altura da planta e no comprimento de raiz. Entretanto, efeito negativo generico de forate foi observado na area foliar, no peso seco de raiz e parte aerea, e no peso fresco de frutos. Baseado em modelos de regressao multipla, area foliar maxima foi conseguida com 6,7 mg i.a. /vaso e maximo peso seco de parte aerea e raiz foram obtidos sem aplicacao de inseticida e com 0,1 mg i.a. /vaso, respectivamente. Dosagens de forate proximas ao limite inferior das dosagens recomendadas para tomateiro (1 kg i.a./ha) favoreceram o aumento da area foliar das plantas de tomate, mas este aumento nao se traduziu em aumento de producao. Forate foi ligeiramente de-trimental ao crescimento de parte aerea e raiz , o que levou a uma menor producao em plantas tratadas com este inseticida.
IMPLEMENTASI DATA MINING UNTUK MENDUKUNG SISTEM MANAJEMEN PERKERASAN JALAN DI INDONESIA

Abstract The use of service level indicators of road surface by using the International Roughness Index (IRI) has been widely used in many countries including Indonesia. Pavement Management System was developed in Indonesia by using the data IRI. The increasing of roads network and limitations of the tool to measure the road surface (roughness meters), so the number of the recording can not fully recorded. But recording the performance data of the road network has been widely performed manually. This data has been collected in a basis data so that these can be used to create a model for IRI through data mining approaches. The extraction of data from the national road network to the region of West Java is used as a case study in the study. IRI data mining models have been developed in this study with the approach of Artificial Neural Network and Support Vector Machines. The results of the IRI model development approach is validated by the level of 90 %. The success of the development of this model can be used to use the existing data to support the management of the road network with the Pavement Management System. Keywords : road surface, pavement management, data mining, IRI model Abstrak Penggunaan indikator tingkat layanan permukaan jalan dengan International Roughness Index (IRI) sudah banyak digunakan di berbagai negara termasuk di Indonesia. Bahkan Sistem Manajemen Perkerasan di Indonesia dikembangkan dengan menggunakan data IRI. Namun luasnya jaringan jalan dan keterbatasan alat ukur untuk menilai kerataan permukaan jalan menyebabkan pencatatan tingkat layanan jalan masih belum menyeluruh. Meskipun demikian data kinerja jaringan jalan yang dilakukan secara manual telah banyak dilakukan. Hasil pencatatan data yang lengkap ini sudah berbentuk basis data yang diharapkan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menyusun model IRI melalui pendekatan data mining . Model IRI dengan data mining yang dikembangkan pada studi ini menggunakan pendekatan Artificial Neural Network dan Support Vector Machines . Hasil pengembangan model IRI ini divalidasi dengan tingkat kesesuaian 90 %. Hasil pengembangan model ini dapat digunakan untuk memanfaatkan data yang ada untuk mendukung pengelolaan jaringan jalan dengan Sistem Manajemen Perkerasan. Kata-kata kunci : permukaan jalan, manajemen perkerasan, data mining , model IRI
Assessing the effect of administering different probiotics in drinking water supplement on broiler performance, blood biochemistry and immune response

A study was conducted to evaluate three different probiotics, using drinking water supplemented with protexin, biovet and yoghurt. The day old broiler chicks were randomly divided into 12 separate floor pens each comprising 25 birds and three pens (replicates) per treatment group following completely randomised design. At 28 and 39 days of age body weight (BW) and feed to gain ratio (FCR) were determined. At the end of experiment, nine birds per treatment were sacrificed to evaluate carcass characteristics, abdominal fat contents and the internal organs. Blood haemato-biochemical parameters were determined. Haemagglutination inhibition antibody titres against Newcastle disease virus and lymphoid organs weight/body weight ratio were also determined. The BW of birds given probiotics was significantly greater than control (without probiotics) at both 28 and 39 days of age. Similarly, better FCR was observed in birds those given drinking water with probiotics. There was less mortality recorded with probiotics treatments. Differences in carcass characteristics, organs weight, meat composition and haematological values among all the treatments were non-significant. However, abdominal fat contents reduced significantly in probiotics supplemented groups as compared to control and cholesterol contents were reduced significantly supplemented groups as compared to control at both 21 and 39 days of age. Feeding of probiotics did positively affect the immune system within the parameters measured. It may be concluded that performance, blood chemistry, immunity against disease and economic efficiency in broilers could be maintained when supplementing any probiotic incorporated in broiler's drinking water.
Multiple Predator Effects: Predicting Combined Functional Response of Stream Fish and Invertebrate Predators

The effects of different types of predators may combine in complex ways to impact prey populations. In a series of microcosm experiments I empirically derived the functional response curves for two common types of stream predators, sculpins (Cottus bairdi) and stonefly larvae (Agnetina capitata), on two behaviorally and morphologically distinct types of mayfly prey (Baetis tricaudatus and Ephemerella subvaria). Data from these separate trials were combined using simple additive models to generate predicted combined functional responses for both types of predator. For both types of prey, actual combined functional response curves (both types of predators together in a treatment) differed significantly from predicted combined functional response for some ranges of prey densities. When Baetis was used as prey, significant departures from the predicted values occurred at moderate and high prey densities and were in a negative direction (interference between predators). When Ephemerella was the prey, significant departures occurred at low and moderate densities and were in a positive direction (facilitation between predators). Additive models for predicting combined pred- ator effects cannot account for non-linearities in combined functional response introduced by non-trophic (behavioral) interactions that occur between fish and stoneflies, and between these predators and their prey. Other aquatic and terrestrial food webs contain similar linkages between vertebrate and invertebrate predators and their prey. Inclusion of be- havioral interaction terms seems likely to be a necessary part of any general model predicting combined effects of predators on prey populations in these systems.
A New Calcarobiotus (Tardigrada: Macrobiotidae) from the Imperial Palace of Japan

Abstract A new semiterrestrial tardigrade species of the genus Calcarobiotus is described from the Imperial Palace of Japan as the third species of the genus which has been previously known only from South Africa. The new species, Calcarobiotus imperialis, is closely related to C. occultus Dastych, but can be distinguished from the latter mainly by the absence of a spine on the tip of each egg process, and by having larger pores on egg surface, a narrower buccal tube, and larger claws.
Duration of α1‐antichymotrypsin gene activation by interleukin‐1 is determined by efficiency of inhibitor of nuclear factor κBα resynthesis in primary human astrocytes

Expression of α1antichymotrypsin (ACT) is significantly activated by interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) in human astrocytes; however, it is barely affected by IL‐1 in hepatocytes. This tissue‐specific regulation depends upon an enhancer that contains both nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) and activating protein 1 (AP‐1) elements, and is also observed for an NF‐κB reporter but not for an AP‐1 reporter. We found efficient activation of NF‐κB binding in both cell types; however, this binding was persistent in glial cells and only transient in hepatocytes. IL‐1‐activated NF‐κB complexes consisted of p65 and p50, with p65 transiently phosphorylated on serine 536 in glial cells whereas more persistently in hepatic cells. Overexpression of p65 or constitutively active IKKβ (inhibitor of NF‐κB kinase β) resulted in an efficient activation of the ACT reporter in hepatic cells, indicating that a specific mechanism exists in these cells terminating IL‐1 signaling. IL‐1 effectively induced the degradation of inhibitor of NF‐κBα (IkBα) and IkBε in both cell types but IkBβ was not affected. However, IkBα was resynthesized much more rapidly in hepatic cells in comparison to glial cells. In addition, the initial levels of IkBα were much lower in glial cells. We propose that the tissue‐specific regulation of the ACT gene expression by IL‐1 is determined by different efficiencies of IkBα resynthesis in glial and hepatic cells.
Tachykinin receptor antagonists for asthma and COPD

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are common, severe inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract for which there is an enormous pharmaceutical market. Current therapy for asthma is for the most part effective and comprises bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory glucocorticosteroids. In contrast, pharmacotherapy of COPD is much less effective. In addition, there are potentially undesirable side effects of current treatment of both conditions. Consequently, there are legitimate reasons for seeking alternative or additional therapies for asthma and COPD. There are theoretical reasons, supported by experimental evidence in animals, that sensory-efferent nerves and tachykinins, principally substance P and neurokinin A, contribute to the pathophysiology of asthma and COPD. In contrast, clinical studies to date using tachykinin receptor antagonists do not support a role for tachykinins in these conditions, most particularly asthma. However, confounding influences hinder adequate interpretation of the clinical data. Thus, whether or not tachykinins are involved in the pathophysiology of asthma and COPD is equivocal. Consequently, there is a need to evaluate novel potent tachykinin antagonists, both selective compounds and compounds with activity at multiple receptor subtypes. Recent patent applications from a variety of pharmaceutical companies disclose an array of different structural classes including substituted piperazinyl compounds, piperidine and carboxamide derivatives, oximes, hydrazones and olefins, heterocyclic compounds, peptides and pseudopeptides and drug combinations. The best of these compounds need clinical evaluation in well designed and well conducted studies with appropriate end points for the subtype of tachykinin receptor under consideration. This review encompasses patent applications pertaining to disclosures of tachykinin receptor antagonists of the NK1, NK2 and NK3 subtype.
Beringian Pauropoda (Myriapoda)

Pauropoda have been collected for the first time from northeastern Siberia and central Alaska. 12 species were found belonging to two genera in Pauropodidae and one genus in Brachypauropodidae. All but one were new to science: allopauopus retusus, frigoripatiens, alaskae; Stylopauropus longitarsus, boreus, subarcticus, siberiae, longipes, capricornutus, diffissus; Brachypauropus inopinabilis. One species, Stylopauropus californianus Remy, has been found to be trans-Beringian. Its collecting site on the north coast of the Chukotka Peninsula represents also the northernmost Pauropoda locality known. The species composition was unexpected: species belonging to Allopauropus were few but all new, the genus Slylopauropus was unusually diverse, all but one new, and a new Brachypauropus species appeared far to the north of the known range of the genus. These pauropods may be part of an old, pre-Wisconsinan fauna.
A comparative study of local defense spots within the peritoneal cavity in Japanese quails, Coturnix coturnix japonica (Galliformes, Phasianidae) and Wistar rats, Rattus norvegicus (Rodentia, Muridae)

Abstract The local defense spots (milky spot) are found on the greater omentum but also in other peritoneal regions, as well as on the pleura and pericardium. Milky spots are small accumulations of leukocytes scattered around the capillaries. The most frequent cells in milky spots are the macrophages, followed by lymphocytes and mast cells. In this study, the structure of milky spots of quails and rats after antigenic stimulation with bovine serum albumin were examined at the light microscope levels by applying conventional histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. The parietal peritoneum and mesentery samples from quails and parietal peritoneum, mesentery and omentum majus samples from rats were collected. Local defense spots were seen as local lymphoid cell aggregations in the omentum, mesentery and parietal peritoneum in rats, whereas in quails they were seen only in the mesentery. After the bovine serum albumin injection, the dimensions of spots were at their biggest 6 hours after injection (p < 0.001) in the rat and 1 hour after injection (p < 0.01) in the quail. Lymphocytes, macrophages (MHC II positive cells in quail), plasma cells and mast cells were detected within the aggregates of both rat and quails. In conclusion, it was determined that the quails have local defense spots at the mesentery like the milky spots of rats. In addition, the present study findings confirm that local defense spots react to antigenic stimulation by innate and adaptive immunity in rats and quails.
Computer Analyses of Nucleotide Patterns around Start Codons

Translation is a process that ribosomes synthesize protein by scanning a mRNA from left to right. Although ribosome initiates translation at the rst found AUG trinucleotide in eucaryotes most of the time, it sometimes skips and ignores the rst AUG and initiates translation at the second or third AUG trinucleotide. The exact mechanism of selecting AUG for translation initiation is not known. We rst conducted comprehensive computer analyses of nucleotide, dinucleotide and trin-ucleotide distributions around start codons and around skipped AUGs. Previously, Kozak[1] conducted similar analyses with 699 mRNA translation initiation sites. Our analysis data were taken from the entire Genbank database(Release 94.0), which contains about ten thousand mRNA sequences altogether. Sequences of mitochondria and immunoglobulin are excluded from our analyses because of their special translation initiation features. Proles of nucleotide distribution around start codons were constructed and the entropy for each position was calculated. The results for 4 bacteria are shown in Figure 1. The entropy v alue is sharply low at the position-11 in Bacillus subtilis and position-9 in E. coli and H. in BLOCKINuenzae, respectively. The sequences around the positions are presumably Shine-Dalgarno sequences. The curve representing Mycoplasma genitalium, h o wever, does not go down as sharply at these positions. Secondly, w e i n vestigated the cases where two AUG trinucleotides are located close to each other. While the rst AUG is generally selected as a start codon for the most of the time, we
INHERITANCE OF A SOYBEAN FLOWERING RESPONSE TO FLUORESCENT-DAYLENGTH CONDITIONS

The inheritance of flowering time was studied in the short-day soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. , under long-day conditions in the greenhouse using natural day length extended to 20 hours with cool-white fluorescent light. A single, major gene with two alleles was found to control the flowering response. The dominant allele which gave a fluorescent-sensitive response of delayed flowering also resulted in later field maturity whereas the recessive allele which gave an insensitive response resulted in earlier maturity. The maturity symbols E3 and e3 are proposed for these alleles. Isolines have been developed.
The role of comprehensive chromatography in the characterization of edible oils and fats

Chromatography has a very long history in the analysis of edible oils and fats. Hyphenations of two chromatographic methods, or couplings of a chromatographic separation technique with spectroscopic detection and identification devices, are used if the resolving power of the technique needs to be improved. More recently, the analytical benefits of comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) chromatography, in its various operational modes, have been exploited by the oil and fat chromatographic community. In comprehensive 2D chromatography, the entire sample injected is subjected to two independent separation processes. In the present contribution, the principles of comprehensive 2D chromatography are briefly discussed. Next, the advantages of comprehensive separations for lipid analysis are illustrated using the concept of generic chromatographic applications. This concept distinguishes three generic reasons to apply chromatographic separations: target compound analysis, group-type separation, and chromatographic fingerprinting. Examples of how comprehensive multi-dimensional methods were successfully applied to solve problems in the edible oils and fats area are given. We believe that these multi-dimensional techniques truly add new dimensions to oil and fat analysis, providing researchers in the area with novel tools for unraveling edible oil or fat samples with their complex compositions.
O estado atual do conhecimento da diversidade dos Cladocera (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) nas águas doces do estado de Minas Gerais

O objetivo do presente trabalho e apresentar uma check list atualizada dos registros existentes para especies de Cladocera nas aguas doces do Estado de Minas Gerais que possa servir de base para os estudos em andamento ou estudos futuros dentro do escopo do Programa Biota Minas. O trabalho baseia-se numa extensa revisao da literatura incluindo recentes revisoes taxonomicas, particularmente para alguns generos da familia Chydoridae. O levantamento realizado evidenciou a ocorrencia de 94 especies de Cladocera, distribuidos em 88 corpos de agua no estado de Minas Gerais. Estes cladoceros incluem representantes de 35 generos pertencentes a 7 das 8 familias com ocorrencia nas aguas doces da regiao Neotropical. Para os Cladocera em geral, a familia com maior riqueza foi a Chydoridae (Ordem Anomopoda) com um total de 47 especies registradas, correspondendo a 50% da riqueza total dos Cladocera. As demais familias, em ordem decrescente em relacao a riqueza de especies foram Daphnidae com 16, Macrothricidae com 9, Sididae e Bosminidae com 8 especies cada, Moinidae e Ilyocryptidae com 3 especies cada. Em relacao a ocorrencia nas bacias hidrograficas do estado de Minas Gerais, os dados obtidos evidenciaram registros de especies de cladoceros em 6 das 8 bacias principais. Contudo nao ha qualquer registro para as bacias dos rios Mucuri e Paraiba do Sul. Observa-se que a maior riqueza de especies de Cladocera em algumas bacias hidrograficas como as bacias do Rio Doce com 67 especies, e a bacia do Rio Grande com 65 especies resulta muito provavelmente do maior numero de estudos realizados nas mesmas, e que por outro lado, bacias com baixa riqueza de Cladocera como as bacias do rio Pardo (9 especies) e do Rio Jequitinhonha (3 especies) ou com nenhuma ocorrencia registrada (bacias do rio Mucuri e do rio Paraiba do Sul) resultam de poucos, ou nenhum estudo, respectivamente. Conclui-se que ha necessidade de ampliacao da cobertura geografica para amostragem de corpos de agua em outras bacias, particularmente aquelas localizadas na regiao norte e nordeste do estado de Minas Gerais.
WOOD IDENTIFICATION IN THE CAPPELLA PALATINA CEILING (12th CENTURY) IN PALERMO (SICILY, ITALY)

Anatomical studies were made on the structural and decorative elements of the wooden ceiling of the 12th century Cappella Palatina in Palermo, Sicily, to identify the timbers used, analyse their likely provenance, and discuss the selection criteria used by the builders. One hundred and fifty fragments were examined. Abies sp. , Pinus sp. , Betula sp. , Populus sp. and Fagus sylvatica were found and all are most probably from Sicily. Some of the Abies fragments probably belong to Abies nebrodensis as they have exceptionally long tracheids, very tall rays, and abundant crystals. This species was over-Iogged in the past and now only 29 trees remain in the Madonie Natural Reserve in Sicily. Abies and Pinus are found in vertieal and horizontal painted panels, while Populus, Betula and Fagus were used in smaller parts of the muqarnas (painted niches). The choice of species seems to have been related to original tree size. The large size of the Abies boles meant that quarter sawn panels could be used. Sieilian Abies was highly valued at that time for its wood quality.Special attention was paid to the problem of distinguishing partly degraded Abies and Cedrus woods. However, the scalloped torus in some sampies displayed ambiguous features and these sampies were therefore classified as Abies/Cedrus.
Analysis of sound behaviour leads to new synonymy in Mediterranean cicadas (Hemiptera, Cicadidae, Tibicina)

The male calling songs of the Mediterranean cicadas Tibicina tomentosa (Olivier 1790) from France and Tibicina baetica (Rambur 1840) from Spain are described in detail for the first time. The absence of relevant acoustic differences between the two species together with the absence of morphological and eco-ethological specific characters leads to the proposal of the following new synonymy: Tibicina baetica (Rambur 1840) = Tibicina tomentosa (Olivier 1790), syn. nov.