Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social class inequalities in Scottish school qualifications

ABSTRACT The qualifications that British children gain at school are strong determinants of their futures in both education and the labour market. Studies of the relationship between parental social class and children’s outcomes in school qualifications report the general finding that pupils from families in less advantaged social classes on average have poorer outcomes. This paper investigates social class inequalities in Scottish school qualifications. Scottish data provide an interesting case study because Scotland has its own set of school qualifications and has a widespread system of comprehensive secondary schools that do not select children through academic testing. This paper is innovative because it analyses new linked administrative data on individual pupils from the Scottish Qualifications Authority (SQA) with parental information from the Scottish Longitudinal Study (SLS). Standard Grades were the main qualifications undertaken by Scottish pupils at the end of compulsory schooling. We present multivariate analysis of pupils’ overall school Standard Grade scores. We find an overall negative relationship between parental social class and children’s outcomes in Scottish school qualifications. Pupils from families in less advantaged social classes, on average, have lower overall Standard Grade scores. A more nuanced finding that emerges from the analyses is that there is a cleft between the Standard Grade scores of children from families in the white and the blue collar classes. We conjecture that the complexity of parents jobs, especially in the more advantaged social classes, fosters forms of family and home life that are conducive to children having more favourable outcomes in school qualifications. Standard Grades have been replaced by the ‘National’ qualifications framework. Changes in the structure and content of the curriculum and assessment could affect the pattern of parental social class inequalities. Further detailed empirical analyses of social class inequalities in outcomes in Scottish school qualifications is therefore imperative.
Cytogenetics of Gymnogeophagus setequedas (Cichlidae: Geophaginae), with comments on its geographical distribution

We provide cytogenetic data for the threatened species Gymnogeophagus setequedas, and the first record of that species collected in the Iguaçu River, within the Iguaçu National Park’s area of environmental preservation, which is an unexpected occurrence for that species. We verified a diploid number of 2n = 48 chromosomes (4sm + 24st + 20a) and the presence of heterochromatin in centromeric and pericentromeric regions, which are conserved characters in the Geophagini. The multiple nucleolar organizer regions observed in G. setequedas are considered to be apomorphic characters in the Geophagini, whereas the simple 5S rDNA cistrons located interstitially on the long arm of subtelocentric chromosomes represent a plesiomorphic character. Because G. setequedas is a threatened species that occurs in lotic waters, we recommend the maintenance of undammed environments within its known area of distribution.
Widening the lens on capital: conceptualising the university experiences of non-traditional women nurse students

ABSTRACT This article argues the insufficiency of the traditional application of cultural, social and economic capital in conceptualising the non-traditional student experience. Built on the thematic analysis of 52 in-depth interviews with 28 mature-age women nursing undergraduates with family responsibilities in Australia, an alternative, expanded model of capital is proposed. The qualitative study, underpinned by Gadamer’s Hermeneutic Philosophy, revealed multiple threats and enablers to progression throughout the degree. Dimensions of capital previously unacknowledged in the nursing literature were necessary to fully conceptualise these rich and complex findings, including important student strengths. These dimensions: aspirational, navigational, resistant, familial and experiential capital, compensated when traditional dimensions were lacking, or incongruent with university expectations. This longitudinal study further revealed how the availability and importance of capital altered with the changing curriculum and participants’ personal growth.
Social class and (un)ethical behavior: Causal versus correlational evidence

Are upper class individuals less ethical? Highly popularized research findings support this notion. This paper provides a novel test to evaluate the relationship between social status and ethical behavior. We successfully prime a large heterogeneous sample of the German population as either high or low social status. We then elicit ethical behavior in an incentivized experimental task. Thus, our data allows us to study both correlation (using demographic data) and causality (using the priming). Our study does not support the claim that higher social status individuals are less ethical, as prominently suggested by the literature. This result holds both for a respondent's true social status and for her primed subjective social status. Our findings call for a re-interpretation of the existing evidence.
Metaphase Chromosome of Aedes lineatopennis (Diptera: Culicidae)

etaphase chromosomes of Aedes lineatopennis (Ludlow) consist of 3 slightly submetacentric pairs (2n = 6). In this study, no heteromorphic chromosomes were found in tissues from the ovary and testis. Chromosome I was the shortest and chromosome III the longest. The ovary chromosomes were shorter than the testis chromosomes, i.e. chromosome I 6.17 ± 1.09 ∝m and 6.82 ± 1.22 ∝m, chromosome II 9.37 ± 1.86 ∝m and 10.11 ± 1.71 ∝m, and chromosome III 10.56 ± 2.05 ∝m and 11.87 ± 2.33 ∝m from the ovary and testis, respectively.
Therapeutic Strategies against Cyclin E1 Amplified Ovarian Cancers

The emergence of tumor cells with certain stem-like characteristics, such as high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity due to ALDH1A1 expression, contributes to chemotherapy resistance and tumor relapse. However, clinically applicable inhibitors of ALDH activity have not been reported. There is evidence to suggest that epigenetic regulation of stemrelated genes contributes to chemotherapy efficacy. Here, we show that bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) inhibitors suppress ALDH activity by abrogating BRD4-mediated ALDH1A1 expression through a super-enhancer element and its associated enhancer RNA. The clinically applicable smallmolecule BET inhibitor JQ1 suppressed the outgrowth of cisplatin-treated ovarian cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Combination of JQ1 and cisplatin improved the survival of ovarian cancer–bearing mice in an orthotopic model. These phenotypes correlate with inhibition of ALDH1A1 expression through a super-enhancer element and other stem-related genes in promoter regions bound by BRD4. Thus, targeting the BET protein BRD4 using clinically applicable small-molecule inhibitors, such as JQ1, is a promising strategy for targeting ALDH activity in epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Res; 76(21); 6320–30. 2016 AACR.
Study Habits of Urology Residents in Saudi Arabia: Identifying Defects and Areas for Curricular Development – A Trainee-Based Survey

Purpose This study evaluated the study habits of Saudi urology residents throughout their residency training. It examines the study time and quality of study materials used by Saudi urology residents and identifies ways to maximize study benefits. Patients and Methods An online questionnaire was distributed to 152 registered residents in regions throughout Saudi Arabia (response rate: 93.4%). The questionnaire addressed study habits throughout training, motivations for studying, preferred study resources, impressions on teaching quality, study preparation methods, and exam preparedness among junior and senior residents. Results Among all residents, 37.3% read for 2–5 hours weekly. Juniors read significantly more than seniors (P = 0.034). Marital status affects seniors’ study habits (P = 0.029). For most seniors, preparation for the final board exam is the greatest motivation for studying (P = 0.006). The AUA/EAU guidelines were useful information source for seniors (P = 0.001). Fifty-four percent (54.4%) of residents felt that their residency program did not provide protected study time prior to the board exams. Moreover, the majority (64.8%) felt that the training program did not adequately prepare them for the board exams. Conclusion We recommend that local program directors implement more effective teaching methods. Structured reading habits and specific study materials were found to be positive predictors of successful performance. Residents should also be educated in balancing working hours, social life, and study.
The Prediction of Mortality by Disability Among Dutch Community-Dwelling Older People

Objective To predict mortality by disability in a sample of 479 Dutch community-dwelling people aged 75 years or older. Methods A longitudinal study was carried out using a follow-up of seven years. The Groningen Activity Restriction Scale (GARS), a self-reported questionnaire with good psychometric properties, was used for data collection about total disability, disability in activities in daily living (ADL) and disability in instrumental activities in daily living (IADL). The mortality dates were provided by the municipality of Roosendaal (a city in the Netherlands). For analyses of survival, we used Kaplan–Meier analyses and Cox regression analyses to calculate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results All three disability variables (total, ADL and IADL) predicted mortality, unadjusted and adjusted for age and gender. The unadjusted HRs for total, ADL and IADL disability were 1.054 (95%-CI: [1.039;1.069]), 1.091 (95%-CI: [1.062;1.121]) and 1.106 (95%-CI: [1.077;1.135]) with p-values <0.001, respectively. The AUCs were <0.7, ranging from 0.630 (ADL) to 0.668 (IADL). Multivariate analyses including all 18 disability items revealed that only “Do the shopping” predicted mortality. In addition, multivariate analyses focusing on 11 ADL items and 7 IADL items separately showed that only the ADL item “Get around in the house” and the IADL item “Do the shopping” significantly predicted mortality. Conclusion Disability predicted mortality in a seven years follow-up among Dutch community-dwelling older people. It is important that healthcare professionals are aware of disability at early stages, so they can intervene swiftly, efficiently and effectively, to maintain or enhance the quality of life of older people.
Chronic Disease Detection Model Using Machine Learning Techniques

: Now-a-days, people face various diseases due to the environmental condition and their living habits. So, the prediction of disease at earlier stage becomes important task. But the accurate prediction on the basis of symptoms becomes too difficult for doctor. The correct prediction of disease is the most challenging task. To overcome this problem data mining plays an important role to predict the disease. Medical science has large amount of data growth per year. Due to increase amount of data growth in medical and healthcare field the accurate analysis on medical data which has been benefits from early patient care. With the help of disease data, data mining finds hidden pattern information in the huge amount of medical data. Data mining is an essential phase in exploring information in libraries where intelligent tools are used to identify trends. Data mining is an important phase in exploring information in libraries where clever tools are used to identify trends. Breast cancer risk has been shown in India to develop 1 in 28 women using the precise classification to test the breast cancer data with a total of 569 rows and 32 columns. Similararly we use Heart disease dataset and Lung cancer dataset , In order to build reliable prediction models for these chronic dieseases using data mining techniques, we are evaluating data accessible from the UCI deep learning data collection in Wisconsin. ―In this experiment, we compare four results of disease classification techniques with genetic clustering and comparison of the results show that sequential minimal optimization (SMO) has a higher accuracy, i.e. 99.61 percent. ‖
Effects of petrophysical parameters on attenuation and dispersion of seismic waves in the simplified poroelastic theory: Comparison between the Biot's theory and viscosity‐extended theory

The simplified macro‐equations of porous elastic media are presented based on Hickey's theory upon ignoring effects of thermomechanical coupling and fluctuations of porosity and density induced by passing waves. The macro‐equations with definite physical parameters predict two types of compressional waves (P wave) and two types of shear waves (S wave). The first types of P and S waves, similar to the fast P wave and S wave in Biot's theory, propagate with fast velocity and have relatively weak dispersion and attenuation, while the second types of waves behave as diffusive modes due to their distinct dispersion and strong attenuation. The second S wave resulting from the bulk and shear viscous loss within pore fluid is slower than the second P wave but with strong attenuation at lower frequencies. Based on the simplified porous elastic equations, the effects of petrophysical parameters (permeability, porosity, coupling density and fluid viscosity) on the velocity dispersion and attenuation of P and S waves are studied in brine‐saturated sandstone compared with the results of Biot's theory. The results show that the dispersion and attenuation of P waves in simplified theory are stronger than those of Biot's theory and appear at slightly lower frequencies because of the existence of bulk and shear viscous loss within pore fluid. The properties of the first S wave are almost consistent with the S wave in Biot's theory, while the second S wave not included in Biot's theory even dies off around its source due to its extremely strong attenuation. The permeability and porosity have an obvious impact on the velocity dispersion and attenuation of both P and S waves. Higher permeabilities make the peaks of attenuation shift towards lower frequencies. Higher porosities correspond to higher dispersion and attenuation. Moreover, the inertial coupling between fluid and solid induces weak velocity dispersion and attenuation of both P and S waves at higher frequencies, whereas the fluid viscosity dominates the dispersion and attenuation in a macroscopic porous medium. Besides, the heavy oil sand is used to investigate the influence of high viscous fluid on the dispersion and attenuation of both P and S waves. The dispersion and attenuation in heavy oil sand are stronger than those in brine‐saturated sandstone due to the considerable shear viscosity of heavy oil. Seismic properties are strongly influenced by the fluid viscosity; thus, viscosity should be included in fluid properties to explain solid–fluid combination behaviour properly.
Front-End of Vehicle-Embedded Speech Recognition for Voice-Driven Multi-UAVs Control

For reliable speech recognition, it is necessary to handle the usage environments. In this study, we target voice-driven multi-unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) control. Although many studies have introduced several systems for voice-driven UAV control, most have focused on a general speech recognition architecture to control a single UAV. However, for stable voice-controlled driving, it is essential to handle the environmental conditions of UAVs carefully, including environmental noise that deteriorates recognition accuracy, and the operating scheme, e.g., how to direct a target vehicle among multiple UAVs and switch targets using speech commands. To handle these issues, we propose an efficient vehicle-embedded speech recognition front-end for multi-UAV control via voice. First, we propose a noise reduction approach that considers non-stationary noise in outdoor environments. The proposed method improves the conventional minimum mean squared error (MMSE) approach to handle non-stationary noises, e.g., babble and vehicle noises. In addition, we propose a multi-channel voice trigger method that can control multiple UAVs while efficiently directing and switching the target vehicle via speech commands. We evaluated the proposed methods on speech corpora, and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed methods outperform the conventional approaches. In trigger word detection experiments, our approach yielded approximately 7%, 12%, and 3% relative improvements over spectral subtraction, adaptive comb filtering, and the conventional MMSE, respectively. In addition, the proposed multi-channel voice trigger approach achieved approximately 51% relative improvement over the conventional approach based on a single trigger word.
Characterisation of the physical and functional interaction of DRhoGEF2 with DMec2 via its PDZ domain

Morphogenesis is the process which will define the final form of an organism by a series of complex cellular events such as cell division, shape changes and migration, events that require the coordinated modification of the cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton is mainly regulated by the Rho family of small GTPases. The Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor, DRhoGEF2, is an activator of Rho 1 and it is essential for morphogenetic cell shape changes. Signalling through DRhoGEF2 seems to be restricted to a specific area in the cell. One major question in the field is the mechanism by which the activity of RhoGEFs is spatially and temporally limited. The multidomain nature of DRhoGEF2 provides the framework for a tight regulation and the participation in a protein network. The activity of the distinct structural elements of DRhoGEF2 has not been completely elucidated. This thesis investigates the role of the PDZ domain for the function of DRhoGEF2. Preliminary results indicate that the PDZ domain acts as a positive regulator. In addition, an interaction has recently been discovered between the DRhoGEF2 PDZ domain and the novel protein DMec2. This thesis explores the functional significance of DMec2 and in particular its putative contribution to morphogenesis through its interaction with DRhoGEF2. Overexpression and elimination of DMec2 does not alter the actin nor microtubule cytoskeleton and ectopic expression does not produce any obvious phenotypes therefore its role remains obscure. Furthermore, DMec2 binds to the PDZ domain however there is no indication of a functional relevance of this interaction. This work suggests further study to explore the integration of signals by the PDZ domain of DRhoGEF2.
Newton-Krylov Methods For Polychromatic X-Ray CT

Most lab-based X-ray sources are polychromatic, making the acquisition follow a non-linear model. However, widespread reconstruction algorithms, such as FBP and SIRT, assume the reconstruction to be a linear problem, leading to artefacts in the reconstructions. We propose a non-linear optimization technique, Newton-Krylov, to minimize a polychromatic objective function instead. The objective function can also easily be extended with regularisation terms, in a mathematically sound framework. Results on Monte-Carlo simulated projection data show a lower error in the data fidelity term, as well as improved reconstruction quality.
Multiple-site fragment deletion, insertion and substitution mutagenesis by modified overlap extension PCR

ABSTRACT Introducing various mutations at multiple specific sites within a gene requires multiple steps of DNA manipulation, which is the initial, but limiting step of protein structure–function studies. In the present work, we standardized a simple and fast procedure to perform site-directed mutagenesis, multiple-site fragment deletion, insertion and substitution mutagenesis by a modified version of overlap extension polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In this procedure, target genes divided into several fragments based on the site of mutagenesis are amplified and annealed with their complementary overhanging, followed by extension and amplification to full-length gene with expected mutation(s) by PCR. Vectors inserted with the modified target gene are screened by colony PCR. By using the standardized procedure, we have easily generated single-site mutations, replaced/deleted DNA fragment into/from a target gene and engineered a cysteine-free protein. Practically, the standardized procedure provides an efficient choice for almost all kinds of mutagenesis, especially for multiple-site and large DNA fragment modification mutagenesis. Therefore, this method can be utilized to analyze protein structure and function, to optimize codons of genes for protein expression and to assemble genes of interest.
Leaving a Violent Child Marriage: Experiences of Adult Survivors in Uganda

Violence against women and girls remains a major public health threat the world over. A significant amount of violence experienced by women is perpetrated by their intimate partners. Moreover, the risk of experiencing intimate partner violence is amplified for women and girls who get married before turning 18. However, there is little documented information on how they escape such violent relationships. This article provides insight into the factors that help survivors of child marriage to leave violent relationships. It is based on in-depth interviews with 26 Ugandan women who married before they were 18. Four main factors helped child marriage survivors to leave violent unions: (1) having a secure base to return to; (2) reaching a tipping point in the relationship; (3) financial independence; and (4) intervention of a significant other. The significance of some factors varied with the age of the survivor at the point of leaving. It is concluded that parental support is a key facilitative factor for leaving violent relationships in the context of child marriage within a low resource setting. Interventions to promote positive parenting may significantly contribute to minimising the proportions of girls trapped in violent unions and incidences of child marriage in the long run.
Sensory information in children’s statements of sexual abuse

Abstract The credibility of children’s statements of sexual abuse is a controversial issue in forensic psychiatry and psychology. Neurobiological and clinical laboratory studies show that real memories contain more information regarding sensory details than false memories. The goal of the present field study was to evaluate whether sensory information was present in children’s statements of sexual abuse, and whether this information was more often present in credible statements compared with non-credible statements. Sensory details were extracted from a sample of 96 statements of sexual abuse from children; 62 statements were considered credible and 34 statements were considered non-credible. This study showed that sensory information was present in 79% of children’s reports of child sexual abuse. Sensory information was significantly more often present in statements considered credible compared with non-credible statements (85.5%, P < 0.001), but there were large variations in the sense involved. Logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of at least one sensory detail may be a good predictor of credibility (odds ratio, OR = 23.484, P < 0.05). It seems appropriate to include sensory details when assessing the credibility of children’s statements of child sexual abuse, but it has not yet been demonstrated that use of such details significantly improves the validity of credibility assessments.