Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
When plenty is not enough: an assessment of the white stumpnose (Rhabdosargus globiceps) fishery of Saldanha Bay, South Africa

White stumpnose Rhabdosargus globiceps is the main target of the linefishery in Saldanha Bay. Increased fishing pressure over the last three decades, particularly by the recreational sector, has led to concerns regarding sustainability of the local white stumpnose stock. The fishery was exceptionally productive between 2006 and 2008, with an estimated annual catch of 141.2 tonnes (t). Only 3% of boat outings surveyed were commercial boats targeting white stumpnose, yet this sector accounted for 39.3 t (31%) of the average annual catch. The recreational boat sector accounted for most of the catch (70.0 t), and the recreational shore sector the least (31.9 t). Commercial boat catch per unit effort (CPUE; 3.7 fish angler–1 h–1) was more than 10 times that of recreational boats (0.3 fish angler–1 h–1). White stumpnose catch length-frequency differed significantly (p < 0.01) between the fishing sectors, with the commercial sector retaining larger fish (34.7 cm [SD 5.9]) than the recreational boat (33.9 cm [SD 5.9]) and shore (30.4 cm [SD 5.8]) sectors. A decline in commercial CPUE (2000–2015) of approximately 40% and a concomitant severe decline (>95%) in survey data for juvenile white stumpnose CPUE (2007–2016) indicate that the current rate of exploitation is not sustainable. Recovery of the white stumpnose stock will require a decrease in fishing mortality. Possible management regulations include sector-specific effort limitations, extending the ‘no take’ marine protected area, reducing the recreational-sector bag limit to 5 fish person–1 day–1, implementing a commercial-sector bag limit, and increasing the minimum size limit to 30 cm TL.
Effects of different mowing regimes on orthopterans of Central-European mesic hay meadows

Method, frequency and date of mowing influence the presence and population size of Orthoptera species, which show strong dependence on the vertical structure of grasslands. Responses of orthopteran assemblages to the effects of various mowing regimes applied to different parts of the same habitat are still not fully understood. In this study, we asked how different mowing regimes (mowing in May; mowing in September; mowing in May and September; abandonment of mowing) influence species richness, Shannon diversity and density of local orthopteran assemblages on a small spatial scale in Central European mesic hay meadows. Furthermore, the study aimed to determine the type of meadow management that is most suitable for preserving local orthopteran assemblages. The date of mowing had no significant overall effect on species richness, density or diversity of grasshoppers. However, grasshopper species richness and Shannon diversity were reduced immediately after mowing (in June sampling of sites mown in May), and rose later in the season. Grasshopper density was low on abandoned sites which were not mowed in the last ten years and there was a negative correlation between orthopteran density and vegetation height. Nymphs, on the other hand, showed elevated density just after mowing which was reduced later in the season. Life forms of the orthopteran assemblages showed dominance of pratinicol species. Silvicol species were found only in abandoned habitats, while arbusticol species were found only on abandoned patches and patches mown in September. Results showed that the long-term preservation of natural orthopteran assemblages in mesic hay meadows would benefit from landuse practices which are diversified spatially and temporally, as practiced in traditional extensive management regimes.
Overestimated acceleration of the advective Brewer–Dobson circulation due to stratospheric cooling

Tropospheric warming and stratospheric cooling influence the vertical structure of the atmosphere. Numerous studies have analysed the thermal expansion of the troposphere, however, stratospheric cooling reverses the sign of this shift in the middle stratosphere, causing a downward shift in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere. This is a robust feature in transient climate model simulations, but its impact is commonly unappreciated. Here, we quantify the trend difference of the residual mean vertical velocity ( w‾∗ ), a proxy for diagnosing the advective Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC) strength, which arises from implicit neglect of the shrinking distance between stratospheric pressure levels in the CCMI‐1 (Chemistry‐Climate Model Initiative part 1) data request. There, a log‐pressure formula with constant scale height is recommended to compute w‾∗ . However, stratospheric cooling in transient climate simulations causes a reduction of the geometrical distance between pressure levels and thereby also the scale height significantly decreases over time. Using the general scale height definition for the transformation, the w‾∗ trends are therefore smaller. In both cases, the units are m·s−1, but in the latter case it is the constant measure of length geopotential metres and not log‐pressure metres. We quantify that, due to the temperature dependence of log‐pressure metres, past studies that based w‾∗ trend analyses on log‐pressure w‾∗ overestimated the advective BDC acceleration by ∼ 20%. This result is consistent among the CCMI‐1 projections over the 1960–2100 period. We highlight that other diagnostics can also be affected by the neglect of the declining stratospheric pressure level distance. A detailed description of the diagnostics is necessary for consistent assessments of trends. Data processing tools should generally not include the constant scale height assumption if the data are used for trend analyses.
Surface conditioning in machining processes

The new field of surface conditioning in machining requires a common terminology, which needs to be established. Therefore participants of the DFG priority programme 2086 (“SPP 2086”) created a Glossary focussing on its Task Forces “Modelling and Simulation” and “Measurements and Control”. The terms and explanations were also harmonized with the DFG Collaborative Research Centre 926 “Microscale Morphology of Component Surfaces” and the Collaborative Research Centre 136 “Process Signatures” in order to reach the goal of anuniversal terminology. The Glossary is divided into “General terms”,Modelling and simulation”, “Measurement and control” and “Specific measurement techniques”.
Implementing Discrete Model of Photovoltaic System on the Embedded Platform for Real-Time Simulation

This paper presents the development of a discrete model of a photovoltaic (PV) system consisting of a PV panel, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), a dual-axis solar tracker, and a buck converter. The discrete model is implemented on a 32-bit embedded system. The goal of the developed discrete PV model is to provide an efficient way for evaluating several algorithms and models used by the PV system in real-time fashion. The proposed discrete model perfectly matches the continuous and discrete model simulated with MATLAB-SIMULINK. The real-time performance is tested by running the model to simulate the PV system, where the fastest time sampling of 1 ms is achieved by the buck converter model, while the longest time sampling of 100 ms is achieved by the solar tracker model. Moreover, a novel method is proposed to optimize the net energy, which is calculated by subtracting the energy consumed by the tracker from the PV energy generated. The proposed net energy optimization method varies the operation time interval of the solar tracker under high and low solar irradiation conditions. Based on the real-time simulation of the discrete model, our approach increases the net energy by 29.05% compared to the system without the solar tracking and achieves an increase of 1.08% compared to the existing method.
The Influence of Brand Image on Brand Extension Evaluation: Design of the Living Intention Service Model and Brand Positioning of a Retirement Community

The proportion of the elderly in Taiwan’s population has been increasing in recent years. In the context of ageing and a low birth rate, retirement care for the elderly has become a serious challenge but remains underresearched. Choosing a retirement community that meets the needs of the elderly by considering their health and leisure activities and providing housing has become an important ageing-related topic. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether the living intention of the elderly when choosing a retirement community is affected by brand attachment, high partner quality, brand trust and commitment, and brand self-congruence. A living intention service model is proposed and an empirical study is conducted with 101 random residents of Chang Gung Health and Culture Village (CGHCV) to measure the constructs proposed in the model. The results show that self-congruence and partner quality did not have a significant impact on the elderly’s brand trust and commitment, likely because when choosing their last residence, unlike when buying general consumer products, the elderly attach more importance to healthcare brands, which in turn affects their living intention.
Verificação de modelos com streams de dados sobre conectores Reo

System modeling and certification, crucial for critical systems, are high complexity tasks. Using tools for exempt such complexity from developers may grant increased productivity on software construction and validation. Reo is a graphical language focused on coordination, promising to aid modeling of system components interaction. Time Data Streams denote, formally, the data flow in the aforementioned language, allowing model checking against a system execution, performed on this work by the tool nuXmv. Thus, this work proposes a high-level language that allows generic specification for Time Data Streams, along with a translation to the nuXmv model. Resumo. A modelagem e certificação de sistemas, cruciais em sistemas crı́ticos, são tarefas de alto teor de complexidade. O uso de ferramentas que isentem desenvolvedores dessa complexidade permite maior agilidade na construção e validação de software. Reo é uma linguagem gráfica focada em coordenações, promissora para facilitar a modelagem da interação de componentes de sistema. Timed Data Streams denotam, formalmente, o fluxo dos dados nessa linguagem, possibilitando a verificação de um modelo em relação a uma execução de sistema, feita nesse trabalho pela ferramenta nuXmv. Diante disso, este trabalho propõe uma linguagem em alto nı́vel que permita a especificação genérica para Timed Data Streams, junto de uma tradução para o modelo nuXmv.
Relevansi Konsep Uang Dalam Perspektif Ibnu Khaldun terhadap Kebijakan Moneter Indonesia

Money is part of the community's need to conduct various transactions. Indonesia as a developing country makes the dollar as the standard of money value because the position of the dollar is considered strong by almost all countries in the world. But in fact the existence of a dollar that is not guaranteed by anything often changes (fluctuates) and will directly affect the financial systems of countries that refer to the dollar, including Indonesia. Ibn Khaldun was a Muslim scientist who lived during the decline of Islam. He was actively involved in the world of government and was one of the figures who had brilliant ideas about the concept of money (751-808 H / 1350-1406 AD). This study aims to examine Ibn Khaldhun's concept of money and monetary policy in the economy and the relevance of his thinking to monetary policy in Indonesia. This research uses library research design (Library Research) with a historical and descriptive approach. The data collection technique chosen is the documentation technique, namely the data collection technique by examining relevant literature with the chosen title. In the analysis phase content analysis techniques are used and combined with historical continuity methods to answer the problem formulation that is proposed. The data analysis stage is through the stages of linguistic analysis and concept analysis. The results showed that: 1) the emergence of the concept of Ibn Khaldun's money and monetary system in the economy was motivated by the economic and political conditions experienced during Ibn Khaldun's life. History says that Muqadimah Ibn Khaldun was written based on the results of his thoughts combined with life experiences he experienced; 2) The concept of Ibn Khaldun is relevant if it is applied in the monetary system in Indonesia. This is based on the real conditions faced by Indonesia, which currently uses empty money. Even though its existence is now proven to have caused crises many times. So it is not impossible if gold and silver coins are used as the standard of money value.
Aerosol filtration efficiency of household materials for homemade face masks: Influence of material properties, particle size, particle electrical charge, face velocity, and leaks

Abstract As a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the widespread daily use of face masks is promoted worldwide. Particle-size dependent filtration efficiencies (FE; dp = 30 nm–10 µm), applying a particle counting approach, and additionally pressure drops (Δp) were determined for 44 samples of household materials and several medical masks. Huge FE differences were found between sample materials and for different particle sizes, spanning from <10% up to almost 100%. Minimum FE were determined for dp = 50–500 nm particles with significantly larger values for dp = 30 nm particles and especially for those with dp > 2.5 µm. Measurements at different numbers of layers showed that stacks of textiles can be treated as separate filters and total FE and Δp can readily be estimated from the features of the individual layers, leaving laborious measurements of individual combinations obsolete. For many materials, electrostatic attraction contributes strongly to overall FE for particles up to 100 nm diameter. Measurements with defined leaks showed that already a small fractional leak area of 1–2% can strongly deteriorate total FE. This is especially the case for particles smaller than 5 µm diameter, where FE dropped by 50% or even two thirds. Our measurements show that by stacking an adequate number of layers of many fabrics, decent filtration efficiencies can be reached for homemade face masks over large particle size ranges with acceptable pressure drop across the material. Very important, however, is good fit of the masks to minimize leak flows and selection of non-hazardous mask material.
Signals of polygenic adaptation on height have been overestimated due to uncorrected population structure in genome-wide association studies

Genetic predictions of height differ among human populations and these differences are too large to be explained by genetic drift. This observation has been interpreted as evidence of polygenic adaptation. Differences across populations were detected using SNPs genome-wide significantly associated with height, and many studies also found that the signals grew stronger when large numbers of subsignificant SNPs were analyzed. This has led to excitement about the prospect of analyzing large fractions of the genome to detect subtle signals of selection and claims of polygenic adaptation for multiple traits. Polygenic adaptation studies of height have been based on SNP effect size measurements in the GIANT Consortium meta-analysis. Here we repeat the height analyses in the UK Biobank, a much more homogeneously designed study. Our results show that polygenic adaptation signals based on large numbers of SNPs below genome-wide significance are extremely sensitive to biases due to uncorrected population structure.
The environmental niche separation between charophytes and angiosperms in the northern Baltic Sea

Abstract Charophytes and angiosperms are the most important primary producers and habitat modifiers in shallow soft-bottom fresh and brackish water bodies. The sheltered bays of the low-salinity northern Baltic Sea provide unique habitats, where euryhaline macrophytes of both freshwater and marine origin can thrive. The regional cohabitation of several species, with generally similar biological traits, raises questions about the mechanisms underlying the coexistence. Generally, sympatric populations rely on niche separation to reduce competition pressure that, in turn, facilitates long-term coexistence. A large benthos biomass data-set, covering the whole extent of the Estonian sea area, the northern Baltic Sea, together with a set of 13 environmental variables (bathymetrical, hydrodynamical, chemical, biological) was used to test the potential niche separation between regionally coexisting charophytes and angiosperms. A constrained correspondence analysis indicated both the grouping of some species and a distinct niche separation of others. The niche centers of angiosperms Zostera marina, Zannichellia palustris, and Potamogeton perfoliatus diverged most strongly from all the other species, while those of Chara connivens and Myriophyllum spicatum nearly coincided. Depth, salinity, and duration of ice were the most influential environmental gradients that discerned the environmental niches of the species. Comparison of the breadths of the environmental niche spaces, occupied by the studied species, showed highly species-specific results. Within the studied species, Z. palustris and Z. marina had the lowest niche specialization, and C. connivens had the highest specialization. Altogether, among the angiosperms the variability of the environmental niche breadth was higher compared to the charophytes.
Impact of Irrigation at Different Growing Stages on Yield, Crop Water Productivity, and Profitability of Cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata L.) in Bangladesh

Usually, farmers apply irrigation once in cowpea production or cultivate in rainfed conditions. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and five irrigation treatments were considered to explore the crucial crop stages for irrigation with respect to judicious water use and more economic return in cowpea production. There were irrigations at three weeks interval (T2), irrigation at flowering stage (T3), irrigation at pod formation stage (T4), irrigation at flowering plus pod formation stages (T5), and rainfed condition was regarded as control (T1). The highest yield (2.26 ton Kg-1) occurred in the most frequent irrigation events (T2) which were about two times of rainfed condition yield (T1). Irrigation at pod formation (T4) was more responsive to yield, crop water productivity, benefit-cost ratio than irrigation at the flowering stage (T3). Therefore, when there is a scope of one irrigation event, irrigation at pod formation should be applied. However, cowpea is a drought-tolerant crop since the yield response factor (Ky) of cowpea was 0.98 at a 1% level of significance which was less than the unity.
All-metallic metasurfaces towards high-performance magneto-plasmonic sensing devices

Magneto-plasmonic sensors based on surface plasmon resonance have been studied considerably in recent years, as they feature high sensitivity and ultrahigh resolution. However, the majority of such investigations focus on prism-based sandwich architectures that not only impede the miniaturization of devices but also have a weak transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect (TMOKE) in magnitude. Herein, we theoretically demonstrate a magneto-plasmonic sensor composed of Au/Co bilayer nanodisk arrays on top of optically thick metallic films, which supports a narrow surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with a bandwidth of 7 nm and allows for refractive index sensitivities as high as 717 nm/RIU. Thanks to the high-quality SPR mode, a Fano-like TMOKE spectrum with a subnanometer bandwidth can be achieved in the proposed structure, thereby giving rise to ultrahigh sensing of merit values as large as 7000 in water. Moreover, we demonstrate a large TMOKE magnitude that exceeds 0.6. The value is 1 order of magnitude larger than that of magneto-plasmonic sensors reported. We also demonstrate that the behavior of TMOKE spectra can be controlled by tuning the geometrical parameters of the device including the diameter and thickness of nanodisk arrays. This work provides a promising route for designing magneto-plasmonic sensors based on metasurfaces or metamaterials.
Operating characteristics of four‐coil magnetic resonant coupling wireless power transfer under different resonant states

In wireless power transfer, the transfer efficiency decreases with the increase of the transfer distance. To improve the power transfer performance, the operating characteristics of a conformal coplanar four‐coil magnetic resonant coupling wireless power transfer system are investigated and analyzed under four different resonant states. Based on the complete equivalent circuit model, the transmission coefficient and the input impendence are calculated. The performance of the systems operated under four resonant states is studied and compared. Also, the origin of the difference is specifically analyzed. The simulation results indicate that the wireless power transfer system operated under State 1, the state where the compensated serial capacitance makes the coils work at the frequency of the maximum Q‐factor, shows the most excellent transfer characteristic among the four resonant states. The transmission coefficient can be well maintained above 0.8 within the transfer distance of 30 cm. Experiment has been carried out for validation, and the result indicates that more power can be delivered to the load for the system operated under State 1.
The Ideology Of Disciplinarity Educational Spaces In The American Horrorfilm

The article analyzes the features of the model of discipline formed in the system of modern Western education, the image of which makes up one of the leading storylines in American horror films. Visual stereotypes of this genre reveal the peculiarities of the ideological order of the American education system and the state in relation to the younger generation. It is established that adolescent and youth fears are formed due to the contradiction between individual expectations and adult assessments of abilities, expediency and effectiveness of children's actions. Fears are a logical continuation of the historically formed rigid disciplinary model of socialization of young people, which is strongly attached to the democratic image. It is the educational discipline that comprises the main content of both horizontal and vertical social connections and is the leading stratification training of all living generations. Therefore, the image of American education, created in horror films, embodies the social distrust of young people to the experience of classical culture and traditions of its broadcast. And biotic motives and fear for one's life form the basis of such social management. The entertaining discourse of American horror films popularizes the trends transformation of the disciplinary education system, based on the transmission of specialized knowledge, skills and competences, into the sphere of organization and ideological management of leisure.