Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dissolved free amino acids in the Sargasso Sea: uptake and respiration rates, turnover times, and concentrations

'Clean' techniques and high specific activity tritiated substrates were used to examine bacteria growth rates and uptake kinetics, and estimate turnover times and maximum concentrations (K, + S) of several dissolved free amino acids (DFAAs) in oligotrophic oceanic waters near Bermuda. Additions of a few nanornolar or less of a particular amino acid was generally but not always sufficient to generate uptake rates consistent with saturation-type kinetics. The proportion of label respired was generally 60 to 80 % of the tritium taken up for glutamate, glutamine, alanine, glycine, serine and glucose. For leucine and ornithine < 10 % of the tritium taken up was respired. The percentage of label respired was not dependent on the C : N ratio of the substrate or the DFAA concentration, over the range that we examined. Although there are a number of explanations for the high percentage of label respired, one possibility is that high C : N ratio substrates were supporting bacterial growth. If so, bacteria may not have been serving as N remineralizers in this system. There were significant differences in turnover times of individual DFAAs with alanine being shortest (3.6 to 13.2 h) and ornithine being longest (48 to 182 h). Maximum concentration estimates of DFAAs were in the lowand sub-nM range whether determined from uptake kinetics data or by HPLC. From the turnover times and concentration estimates, we calculated the flux into particulate matter for each of the amino acids studied. Tentative calculations indicate that individual DFAAs could supply as much as 20 % of the C and N required to support bacterial growth. Our results indicate that although DFAA pools are small they are rapidly recycled and could be significant sources of C and N for bacterial growth in the Sargasso Sea
Random sequential adsorption of spheroidal particles: Kinetics and jamming limit

Localized adsorption of hard (noninteracting) spheroidal particles on homogeneous interfaces was analyzed theoretically. In contrast to previous studies concentrated on flat (side on) adsorption in the present approach an unoriented (quasi‐three‐dimensional) adsorption of prolate and oblate spheroids was considered. By applying the random sequential adsorption (RSA) approach asymptotic analytic expressions were derived for the available surface function (surface blocking parameter) and adsorption kinetics in the limit of low and moderate surface concentrations. The range of validity of the approximate analytical results was determined by numerical simulations of adsorption kinetics performed using the Monte Carlo RSA technique. It was revealed by this comparison that the analytical approximation can be used with a good accuracy for the dimensionless adsorption time τ smaller than two. The numerical calculations also enabled us to determine the maximum (jamming) surface concentrations for unoriented adsorp.
Electromagnetic Field Transformations for Measurements and Simulations

Electromagnetic field transformations are important for electromagnetic simulations and for measurements. Especially for field measurements, the influence of the measurement probe must be considered, and this can be achieved by working with weighted field transformations. This paper is a review paper on weighted field transformations, where new information on algorithmic properties and new results are also included. Starting from the spatial domain weighted radiation integral involving free space Green's functions, properties such as uniqueness and the meaning of the weighting function are discussed. Several spectral domain formulations of the weighted field transformation integrals are reviewed. The focus of the paper is on hierarchical multilevel representations of irregular field transformations with propagating plane waves on the Ewald sphere. The resulting Fast Irregular Antenna Field Transformation Algorithm (FIAFTA) is a versatile and efficient transformation technique for arbitrary antenna and scattering fields. The fields can be sampled at arbitrary irregular locations and with arbitrary measurement probes without compromising the accuracy and the efficiency of the algorithm. FIAFTA supports different equivalent sources representations of the radiation or scattering object: 1) equivalent surface current densities discretized on triangular meshes, 2) plane wave representations, 3) spherical harmonics representations. The current densities provide for excellent spatial localization and deliver most diagnostics information about the test object. A priori information about the test object can easily be incorporated, too. Using plane wave and spherical harmonics representations, the spatial localization is not as good as with spatial current densities, but still much better than in the case of conventional modal expansions. Both far-field based expansions lead to faster transformations than the equivalent currents and in particular the orthogonal spherical harmonics expansion is a very attractive and robust choice. All three expansions are well-suited for efficient echo suppression by spatial filtering. Various new field transformation and new computational performance results are shown in order to illustrate some capabilities of the algorithm.
Structural Characteristics of rocG and ure Genes of a Novel Screened Bacillus subtilis natto Strain

Natto is considered to be a health-enhancing food mainly because of nattokinase, which can lead to a mild enhancement of fibrinolytic activity in rats and dogs after oral administration. It has distinctive smell partly caused by the high amount of ammonia produced during the secondary fermentation. In order to decrease the production of ammonia by gene engineering, a novel Bacillus subtilis natto strain with a high nattokinase activity was isolated from natto products, and the structural characteristics of ammonia production-associated genes were analyzed. The high identity of rocG and ure in amino acid sequences indicates the evolutionary stability of glutamate dehydrogenase and urease. The structural characteristics of the untranslated regions of rocG and ure suggest that the promoters of rocG and ure of B. subtilis are similar to the common microbial -35, -10 regions and σ A (σ 70 ) promoters. The strong promoters that enhance the transcription efficiency of rocG and ure may be responsible for high levels of ammonia.
Observational evidence of strengthening of the Brewer‐Dobson circulation since 1980

The change of the Brewer‐Dobson circulation (BDC) over the period of 1980–2009 is examined through a combined analysis of satellite Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU/AMSU) lower stratospheric temperatures (TLS), ERA‐Interim reanalysis data, and observed estimates of changes in ozone, water vapor, well‐mixed greenhouse gases, and stratospheric aerosols. The MSU/AMSU‐observed tropical TLS trend is first empirically separated into a dynamic component associated with the BDC changes and a radiative component due to the atmospheric composition changes. The derived change in the dynamic component suggests that the annual mean BDC has accelerated in the last 30 years (at the 90% confidence interval), with most of the change coming from the Southern Hemisphere. The annual mean Northern Hemisphere contribution to the acceleration is not statistically significant. The radiative component of tropical TLS trends is independently checked using observed changes in stratospheric composition. It is shown that the changes in ozone, stratospheric aerosols, well‐mixed greenhouse gases, and water vapor make important contributions to the radiative component of tropical TLS trends. Despite large uncertainties in lower stratospheric cooling associated with uncertainties in observed ozone and water vapor changes, this derived radiative component agrees with the empirically inferred radiative component, both in terms of its average value and small seasonal dependence. By establishing a relationship between tropical residual vertical velocity at 70 hPa and TLS, we show that the relative strengthening of the annual mean BDC is about 2.1% per decade for 1980–2009, supporting the results from state‐of‐the‐art chemistry‐climate model simulations.
The annual cycle in lower stratospheric temperatures revisited

Observed lower stratospheric temperatures show a prominent annual cycle. The cycles in the tropics and North- ern Hemisphere are in phase and the cycle in the Southern Hemisphere has the opposite phase. In an elegant and influ- ential paper, Yulaeva, Holton and Wallace (1994) explained the observed pattern as a direct consequence of hemispheric asymmetries in the dynamical forcing of the stratospheric circulation. They showed that in Microwave Sounding Unit channel 4 (weighting centered in the lower stratosphere) data the combined extratropical and the tropical temperature cy- cle nearly compensate and interpreted the out-of-phase tem- perature variations between tropics and extratropics as the temperature response to an annual cycle in the wave driven residual circulation. We show that the near-compensation of temperature variations observed by Yulaeva et al. (1994) is artefact of the weighting function of the MSU-4 channel and does not hold on individual pressure levels. We discuss in detail the conditions required that temperature variations compensate, and what insights can be obtained from anal- ysis of tropical, extratropical and global mean temperature variations. Dynamically induced seasonal variations of lower stratospheric ozone lead to an amplification of the seasonal temperature cycle particularly in the tropics. The latitudinal structure of static stability also induces a significant deviation from compensation of tropical and combined extratropical temperature variations. In line with Yulaeva et al. (1994) we affirm that the see-saw pattern in the annual cycles of tropical and combined extratropical temperatures provides an impor- tant pointer to mechanistic models for interannual variability and trends, but additionally conclude that the feedback of dy- namically induced ozone variations on temperatures and the latitudinal structure of static stability should be included as leading order processes in such models.
Survival of White-Tailed Deer Neonates in Minnesota and South Dakota

ABSTRACT Understanding the influence of intrinsic (e.g., age, birth mass, and sex) and habitat factors on survival of neonate white-tailed deer improves understanding of population ecology. During 2002–2004, we captured and radiocollared 78 neonates in eastern South Dakota and southwestern Minnesota, of which 16 died before 1 September. Predation accounted for 80% of mortality; the remaining 20% was attributed to starvation. Canids (coyotes [Canis latrans], domestic dogs) accounted for 100% of predation on neonates. We used known fate analysis in Program MARK to estimate survival rates and investigate the influence of intrinsic and habitat variables on survival. We developed 2 a priori model sets, including intrinsic variables (model set 1) and habitat variables (model set 2; forested cover, wetlands, grasslands, and croplands). For model set 1, model {Sage-interval} the lowest AICc (Akaike's information criterion for small sample size) value, indicating that age at mortality (3-stage age-interval: 0–2 weeks, 2–8 weeks, and >8 weeks) best explained survival. Model set 2 indicated that habitat variables did not further influence survival in the study area; &bgr;-estimates and 95% confidence intervals for habitat variables in competing models encompassed zero; thus, we excluded these models from consideration. Overall survival rate using model {Sage-interval} was 0.87 (95% CI = 0.83–0.91); 61% of mortalities occurred at 0–2 weeks of age, 26% at 2–8 weeks of age, and 13% at >8 weeks of age. Our results indicate that variables influencing survival may be area specific. Region-specific data are needed to determine influences of intrinsic and habitat variables on neonate survival before wildlife managers can determine which habitat management activities influence neonate populations.
The Structure of Foreign News

Using a simplified psychology of perception and some additional assumptions, a system of twelve factors describing events is presented that together are used as a definition of 'newsworthiness'. Three basic hypotheses are presented: the additivity hypothesis that the more factors an event satisfies, the higher the probability that it becomes news; the complementarity hypothesis that the factors will tend to exclude each other since if one factor is present it is less necessary for the other factors to be present for the event to become news; and the exclusion hypothesis that events that satisfy none or very few factors will not become news. This theory is then tested on the news presented in four different Norwegian newspapers from the Congo and Cuba crises of July 1960 and the Cyprus crisis of March-April 1964, and the data are in the majority of cases found to be consistent with the theory. A dozen additional hypotheses are then deduced from the theory and their social implications are discussed. Finally, some tentative policy impli cations are formulated.
Fundamental limitations for polarization estimation with applications in array signal processing

In this paper we demonstrate that the combination of statistical signal processing, electromagnetic theory and antenna theory yields simple and very useful tools for analyzing fundamental physical limitations associated with polarization and/or DOA estimation using arbitrary multiport antennas. By using spherical vector modes as a generic model for the scattering, we show how the corresponding Cramer-Rao lower bounds can be calculated for any real antenna system. The spherical vector modes and their associated equivalent circuits and Q factor approximations are used together with the broadband Fano theory as a general framework for analyzing electrically small multiport antennas. Finally, we employ a principal parameter analysis based on the SVD of the Fisher information matrix to evaluate the performance of an ideal multimode antenna processor with respect to its ability to estimate the state of polarization of a partially polarized plane wave coming from a given direction.
Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory of polarized Fermi systems

Condensed Fermi systems with an odd number of particles can be described by means of polarizing external fields having a time-odd character. We illustrate how this works for Fermi gases and atomic nuclei treated by density-functional theory or Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory. We discuss the method based on introducing two chemical potentials for different superfluid components, whereby one may change the particle-number parity of the underlying quasiparticle vacuum. Formally, this method is a variant of noncollective cranking, and the procedure is equivalent to the so-called blocking. We present and exemplify relations between the twochemical-potential method and the cranking approximation for Fermi gases and nuclei.
The ROSAT-ESO Flux Limited X-ray (REFLEX) Galaxy cluster survey. V. The cluster catalogue

We present the catalogue of the REFLEX Cluster Survey providing information on the X-ray properties, redshifts, and some identification details of the clusters in the REFLEX sample. The catalogue describes a statistically complete X-ray flux-limited sample of 447 galaxy clusters above an X-ray flux of 3 $\times$ 10 -12 erg s -1 cm -2 (0.1 to 2.4 keV) in an area of 4.24 ster in the southern sky. The cluster candidates were first selected by their X-ray emission in the ROSAT-All Sky Survey and subsequently spectroscopically identified in the frame of an ESO key programme. Previously described tests have shown that the sample is more than 90% complete and there is a conservative upper limit of 9% on the fraction of clusters with a dominant X-ray contamination from AGN. In addition to the cluster catalogue we also describe the complete selection criteria as a function of the sky position and the conversion functions used to analyse the X-ray data. These are essential for the precise statistical analysis of the large-scale cluster distribution. This data set is at present the largest, statistically complete X-ray galaxy cluster sample. Together with these data set we also provide for the first time the full three-dimensional selection function. The sample forms the basis of several cosmological studies, one of the most important applications being the assessment of the statistics of the large-scale structure of the universe and the test of cosmological models. Part of these cosmological results have already been published.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VIRTUAL LAB COMPARED TO PHYSICAL LAB IN THE MASTERY OF SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS FOR CHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT

The aim of the research is to assess the effectiveness of Virtual Lab (experimental group) compared to Physical Lab (control group) in the level of Science Process Skill mastery of topic salt experiment. This research also was done to compare the students’ level of Science Process Skill mastery by gender and to find interaction effect between groups and gender on the level of Science Process Skill mastery. The instrument that used to evaluate the effectiveness is “Science Process Skill mastery test (SPST)”. A quasi-experimental research design with nonequivalent control group pre-test and post-test was used in this research. The participants of this research were chosen by purposive sampling from Malaysian 4th grade science stream students. This research involved a total of 147 participants, which is 64 male and 83 female. The two-way ANCOVA analysis showed that the effectiveness of group (VLab and PLab) on the mean score of SPST post-test was significant. The SPST post-test mean score of PLab is higher than the post-test mean score of Virtual Lab. It concluded that the students’ level of Science Process Skill mastery in experiments for confirmatory tests for anions and cations is better when Physical Lab is used. The effectiveness of gender on the mean score of SPST was not significant. The analysis also showed that the interaction effectiveness between group and gender in SPST was not significant. This means the group's influence on the mean score of SPST is not caused by the gender as well as the gender influence on the mean score of SPST is not caused by groups. Keywords: SPS mastery, virtual lab, physical lab, gender effectiveness, salt topic.
Effect in the quality of intact and minimally processed leaves of collard greens stored at different temperatures

A conservacao de hortalicas minimamente processadas em baixas temperaturas, em associacao com o uso de embalagens adequadas, continua sendo uma das solucoes tecnologicas utilizadas para minimizar ou retardar as mudancas que ocorrem durante a conservacao. Foram estudadas as alteracoes fisico-quimicas causadas logo apos o processamento minimo e durante a conservacao de folhas de couve-comum (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) inteiras e minimamente processadas, mantidas em sacos de polipropileno de 50 µm de espessura, com perfuracoes de 810 µm de diâmetro. As folhas foram conservadas por 15 e 9 dias, a 5 e 10± 1oC, respectivamente. Logo apos o processamento minimo observou-se perda de clorofilas totais, acucares soluveis, amido e aminoacidos soluveis. As taxas de degradacao e/ou utilizacao da clorofila total, acido ascorbico, acucares soluveis e amido durante a conservacao das folhas inteiras e minimamente processadas mantidas a 5 e/ou 10± 1oC foram semelhantes, com excecao para perda de massa fresca e aminoacidos soluveis. As folhas minimamente processadas apresentaram perda de massa fresca quase duas vezes superior as folhas inteiras com nove dias de conservacao, independentemente da temperatura. Um aumento transitorio no teor de aminoacidos soluveis no final da conservacao tambem foi observado em folhas minimamente processadas. O aumento da temperatura de conservacao para 10oC potencializou as alteracoes quimicas tanto em folhas inteiras e minimamente processadas, resultando em elevadas taxas de degradacao e/ou utilizacao de clorofilas, acido ascorbico, acucares e amido, alem de estimular o acumulo de aminoacidos soluveis. E necessaria a continua busca de embalagens alternativas aquelas existentes para couve minimamente processada, associado a conservacao em baixas temperaturas, para simular as condicoes de distribuicao e comercializacao e, assim, minimizar as alteracoes fisico-quimicas que reduzem a qualidade do produto final.
Facing the challenges of the new European Space of Higher Education through effective use of Computer Algebra Systems as an educational tool (数式処理と教育--数学教育における数式処理システムの効果的利用に関する研究--RIMS研究集会報告集)

Academic institutions of most European countries are now in the midst of the process of overall convergence of studies at university level, the so-called European Space of Higher Education. This process, bom from Bologna’s declaration, implies a dramatic change in our way of teaching and learning. This change is specially challenging in very diﬃcult subjects such as Mathematics and other scientiﬁc disciplines, which typically suﬀer from high failure rates. It’s author’s opinion that Computer Algebra Systems are very powerful tools (arguably the best ones) to face the challenges of this new approach to Higher Education. To support such claims, some examples of Mathematica packages developed by the author during the last few years for teaching diﬀerent subjects in scientiﬁc degrees (according to the principles and regulations of the European Space of Higher Education) are brieﬂy described.
Rheological control on the dynamics of explosive activity in the 2000 summit eruption of Mt. Etna

Abstract. In the period from January to June 2000 Mt. Etna exhibited an exceptional explosive activity characterized by a succession of 64 Strombolian and fire-fountaining episodes from the summit South-East Crater. Textural analysis of the eruptive products reveals that the magma associated with the Strombolian phases had a much larger crystal content (>55 vol%) with respect to the magma discharged during the fire-fountain phases (~35 vol%). Rheological modelling shows that the crystal-rich magma falls in a region beyond a critical crystal content where small addition of solid particles causes an exponential increase of the effective magma viscosity. When implemented into the modeling of steady magma ascent dynamics (as assumed for the fire-fountain activity), a large crystal content as the one found for products of Strombolian eruption phases results in a one order of magnitude decrease of mass flow-rate, and in the onset of conditions where small heterogeneities in the solid fraction carried by the magma translate into highly unsteady eruption dynamics. We argue that crystallization on top of the magmatic column during the intermediate phases when magma was not discharged favoured conditions corresponding to Strombolian activity, with fire-fountain activity resuming after removal of the highly crystalline top. The numerical simulations also provide a consistent interpretation of the association between fire-fountain activity and emergence of lava flows from the crater flanks.
Bioconversion of Heavy Hydrocarbon Cuts Containing High Amounts of Resins by Microbial Consortia

Microbial conversion of petroleum resins existing in a heavy fraction of crude oil was investigated by native isolated consortia. The heavy oil fraction was taken from an end cut of distillation tower of Abadan refinery in Iran. Several Soil samples were taken from different oil contaminated sites of Abadan oil refinery in Khuzestan province. Seven bacterial consortia were then prepared by enrichment method and were examined for their ability to convert resins. Amongst them, consortium AB6 reduced 37.3% of resins while, aliphatic and aromatic compounds increased by 86.8% and 6.7%, respectively. Three pure cultures were isolated from consortium AB6 which were identified as Serratia sp. , Raoultella sp. and Ochrobactrum sp.