Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of First Metatarsal Shortening and Dorsiflexion Osteotomies on Forefoot Plantar Pressure in a Cadaver Model

Background: Metatarsalgia of the second ray is a common problem associated with disorders of the first metatarsal. It also occurs after the operative treatment of those disorders. Plantar pressure changes from alteration of the static and dynamic structure of the forefoot may be associated with this condition. This study evaluated changes in plantar forefoot pressure especially under the second metatarsal head after three operative procedures on the first ray. Methods: Each of 12 cadaver foot specimens was cyclically loaded on the servohydraulic MTS Mini Bionix test frame (MTS Systems Corp., Eden Prairie, MN) with traction on the Achilles tendon. Plantar forefoot pressure was measured by the F-scan system (Tekscan, Inc., S. Boston, MA) with the foot intact, after a first metatarsal base dorsal closing-wedge osteotomy with 5-mm base length to simulate dorsal malunion, and after 5-mm and 10-mm metatarsal shortening procedures. Paired Student t-test analysis was used to compare data for the intact foot with data after each intervention. One form of Bonferroni's correction was done to establish a new alpha level to tighten the analysis and to compensate for multiple paired Student t-tests. The significance level was calculated to be 0.016 based on an original alpha level of 0.05. Results: As compared with the intact foot, all three procedures on the first metatarsal resulted in significant decreases in plantar pressure under the first metatarsal head (p < 0.016). Plantar pressure under the second metatarsal head increased significantly as compared with the intact foot (p < 0.016) after all three procedures. Pressures under the third-fourth metatarsal heads increased significantly compared with the intact foot after the 5-mm and 10-mm shortenings (p < 0.016). Plantar pressure under the fifth metatarsal did not change significantly after any of the three procedures. Conclusions: Dorsiflexion osteotomy and shortening of the first metatarsal are associated with significant forefoot plantar pressure changes in a cadaver model.
A simple tight-binding approach to Time-Dependent Density-Functional Response-Theory

In this paper we propose an extension of the Self-Consistent Charge DensityFunctional Tight-Binding (SCC-DFTB) method (Elstner et al., Phys. Rev. B 58, 7260 (1998)), which allows the calculation of the optical properties of nite systems within Time-Dependent Density-Functional Response-Theory (TD-DFRT). For a test set of small organic molecules low-lying singlet excitation energies are computed in good agreement with rst-principles and experimental results. The overall computational cost of this parameter-free method is very low and thus it allows to examine large systems: we report successful applications to C60 and the polyacenes series.
Trust and Perceived Risk of Personal Information as Antecedents of Online Information Disclosure: Results from Three Countries

Individuals have to disclose personal information in order to utilize the manifold options of the Internet. Online users frequently trade data for benefits privacy calculus. Trust in both the Internet and the vendor has been identified as an important antecedent to disclosing personal information online. The authors introduce the perceived risk of disclosing specific data types as an additional factor in the field of study. The results from a survey in three countries Austria, Australia, and Hong Kong show that the perceived risk of disclosing personal information is a stronger stimulus for the intention to provide personal information than having trust in the Internet or in the online vendor. Several significant differences are found in the relationships between the perceived risk of disclosing personal information, trust, and the willingness to disclose personal information.
Climate research.

2021­ Associate Research Scholar, Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University 2021­ Adjunct Associate Research Scientist, Lamont­Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University 2021 Associate Research Scientist, Lamont­Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University 2019­21 Postdoctoral Research Scientist, Lamont­Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University 2016­19 Postdoctoral Research Scientist, dual appointment, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, and Dept. of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, UCLA 2011­16 Graduate Research Assistant, Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University
The Brazilian Phrases in Noise Test (PINT Brazil)

The goal of this study was to determine if the Phrases in Noise Test (PINT), which is recorded in English, could be adapted for the assessment of the hearing skills in children in the Brazilian population from the age of four-years old. The steps to adapt the PINT Brazilian Portuguese included translation of the stimuli, testing cultural equivalence (verify that children understand the stimuli), record the stimuli, adjust the stimuli for equal intelligibility, and create and validate the final test lists. To validate the test lists, the speech recognition of 10 children was evaluated. Introduction
Fault tolerant feedback control using the Youla parameterization

An architecture for fault tolerant feedback controllers based on the Youla parameterization is suggested. It is shown that the Youla parameterization will give a residual vector directly in connection with the fault diagnosis part of the fault tolerant feedback controller. It turns out that there is a separation between the feedback controller and the fault tolerant part. The closed loop feedback properties are handled by the nominal feedback controller and the fault tolerant part is handled by the design of the Youla parameter. The design of the fault tolerant part will not affect the design of the nominal feedback controller.
Sources and bioavailability of phosphorus fractions in freshwaters: a British perspective

This paper seeks a perspective on the forms of phosphorus which promote aquatic eutrophication, with the particular quest of establishing their sources. A short background traces the development of understanding of nutrient enrichment and the suppositions about the relative contributions of agriculture, sewage and detergent residues. Most aquatic systems, and their primary producers, are naturally deficient in biologically‐available phosphorus. Aquatic plants have evolved very efficient phosphorus uptake mechanisms. The biomass responses to an increase in the supply of phosphorus are stoichiometrically predictable. The most bioavailable forms of phosphorus are in solution, as orthophosphate ions, or are readily soluble or elutable from loose combinations. Ready bioavailability coincides well with what is measurable as molybdate‐reactive (MRP) or soluble‐reactive phosphorus (SRP). Most other forms, including phosphates of the alkaline earth metals, aluminium and iron are scarcely available at all. Orthophosphate ions sorbed to metal oxides and hydroxides are normally not biologically available either, except through weak dissociation (‘desorption’). The production of alkaline phosphatase provides organisms with an additional mechanism for accelerating the sequestration of phosphate from organic compounds. Bioavailable phosphate is liberated when redox‐ or alkali‐sensitive metal hydroxides dissolve but these processes are minor contributors to the biological responses to nutrient enrichment.
Speech compressive sensing with ℓ1-minimzation and iteratively reweighted least squares-ℓp-minimization: A comparative study

The interests in Compressed Sensing (CS) come from its ability to provide sampling as well as compression, enhancement, along with encryption of the source information simultaneously. All these advantages have made CS, researched and applied in numerous speech-processing applications. In this paper, we compare ℓ1-minimization and Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares (IRLS)-ℓp-minimization algorithms to reconstruct speech signal from compressive observations. Using random Gaussian matrix, Compressive Sensing is performed on Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients to evaluate the performance of algorithms based on Perceptual Evaluation Speech Quality measure (PESQ) and computational complexity for different compression ratios. Results revealed that IRLS-ℓ p-minimization provided modest advantage in reconstructed speech quality and proved to be faster than ℓ1-minimization for high compression ratios; in contrary to the case of lower compression ratios (lower than 40%).
OPTIMIZATION OF TAXI CABS ASSIGNMENT USING A GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION-BASED SYSTEM IN DISTINCT OFFER AND DEMAND SCENARIOS

In this paper, diï¬€ erent approaches are evaluated to assign taxi cabs to customers in geographical location-based systems. The main purpose of this work is to identify the solution in which all current customers are met in an acceptable time, however minimizing the distance traveled by existing free taxi cabs. Two aspects are considered: 1) the method to calculate the distance between vehicles and customers; and 2) a vehicle assignment strategy. The methods to calculate the distance between vehicles and customers are: a GPS-based routing (a shortest path algorithm) and the Euclidean distance. On the other hand, as vehicle assignment approaches, the considered strategies are: a greedy algorithm, which assigns each vehicle to the closest customer, and an optimization algorithm, which assigns vehicles considering the whole scenario, minimizing the global distance traveled by taxi cabs to meet the customers. This last strategy considers an optimization model in such a way that the calls are not readily answered. In this case, a short waiting window is implemented, where the calls are stored and then the optimization algorithm is executed, in order to minimize the required distance and to meet all current customers. The combination of the two methods of distance calculation and the two vehicle assignment strategies formed four possible approaches, which are evaluated in a realistic simulator. We propose some diï¬€ erent traï¬ƒ c scenarios, varying the amount of calls and available taxis in order to better evaluate the algorithmsÂ´ performance. Results show that the approach which uses the shortest path algorithm and an optimization algorithm reduces the average service time by up to 27.59%, and the average distance traveled by up to 45.79%.
Meter character recognition method based on gray template matching

Aiming to the problem that spots on meter dial and recurring semi-characters seriously affect character recognition accuracy in the process of automatic meter reading. A template matching algorithm based on gray-scale image is raised for recognizing meter readings. The algorithm firstly locate print wheel region in the print wheel region image on dial after coarse positioning, then match the gray-scale character image with template image one by one. Experiment verify that the algorithm better to overcome the impact of spot caused by meter surface reflection, and both of the whole character and semi-character have a higher recognition rate.
Dampened Power Law: Reconciling the Tail Behavior of Financial Security Returns

This paper proposes a stylized model that reconciles several seemingly conflicting findings on financial security returns and option prices. The model is based on a pure jump Levy process, wherein the jump arrival rate obeys a power law dampened by an exponential function. The model allows for different degrees of dampening for positive and negative jumps, and also different pricing for upside and downside market risks. Calibration of the model to the S&P 500 index shows that the market charges only a moderate premium on upward index movements, but the maximally allowable premium on downward index movements.
Assessment of Intestinal and Cardiorespiratory Function in Children with Congenital Heart Disease on High‐Caloric Formulas

Summary: Fourteen infants with congenital heart disease were investigated for failure to thrive. Assessment of intestinal function revealed minor absorptive abnormalities (mild steatorrhea in three patients, bile salt loss in four patients), delayed gastric emptying, and abnormal triglyceride loading tests. Low caloric intake (88.3 ± 19.3 kcal/kg/day) seemed the main reason for failure to gain weight. Weight accession and cardiorespiratory rates were monitored daily during voluntary intake, a high-caloric diet by mouth, and nasogastric tube feeding. Providing 169 ± 29 kcal/kg/day by tube resulted in weight gain with mild and transient elevation of respiratory rate at the end of the meal and increased heart rate 90 min after the meal. This-regimen is a metabolically inexpensive and efficient method of supporting weight gain in children with congenital heart disease.
A 29-nucleotide DNA segment containing an evolutionarily conserved motif is required in cis for cell-type-restricted repression of the chicken alpha-smooth muscle actin gene core promoter

A series of 5' deletion mutations of the upstream flanking sequences of the chicken alpha-smooth muscle (aortic) actin gene was prepared and inserted into the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression vector pSV0CAT. Deletion recombinants were transfected into fibroblasts, which actively express the alpha-smooth muscle actin gene, and primary myoblast cultures, which accumulate much lower quantities of alpha-smooth muscle actin mRNAs. The first 122 nucleotides of 5'-flanking DNA were found to contain a "core" promoter capable of accurately directing high levels of transcription in both fibroblasts and myotubes. The activity of this core promoter is modulated in fibroblasts by a "governor" element(s) located at least in part between nucleotides -257 and -123. This region contains sequences potentially conserved between mammalian and avian alpha-smooth muscle actin genes as well as one of a pair of 16-base-pair inverted CCAAT box-associated repeats which are conserved among all chordate muscle actin genes examined to date. A smaller DNA segment (-151 to -123) containing these upstream CCAAT box-associated repeats was sufficient to suppress expression of the core promoter in muscle cultures, suggesting that the upstream CCAAT box-associated repeats play a negative role in the alpha-smooth muscle actin gene promoter.
Etiology, Clinical Profile, Gender Identity and Long-Term Follow Up of Patients with Ambiguous Genitalia in India

There is little information on the profile of children with ambiguous genitalia in India. Presented here is an analysis of patients with ambiguous genitalia registered in a general endocrine clinic during the last 2 decades. Seventy-four patients (age 4 months to 36 years) were registered during this period. Fifty-two were more than 5 years old at the time of registration. Thirty-five were reared as females, 29 as males; nine children (4 months to 1 year old) were brought for sex assignment, and one (with epispadias) was brought for correction of urinary incontinence. Investigations revealed 28 patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 14 dysgenetic male pseudohermaphroditism, ten true hermaphroditism, six partial androgen insensitivity, four castration and one epispadias. There were eight patients with perineal hypospadias with normal Leydig cell reserve (normal LH, FSH and testosterone response to LHRH). Sex of rearing and gender identity were concordant in all except the patients with perineal hypospadias with normal Leydig cell response. These observations support the theory that prenatal androgen exposure masculinizes the brain.
Mechanical properties Development of Matrix Type Transdermal Patches of Lacidipine : Evaluation of Physicochemical , in vitro , e x vivo and Mechanical Properties

Transdermal patches were developed for a low oral bioavailable drug, lacidipine (LCDP) employing ethyl cellulose/Eudragit RL100 and polyvinyl pyrollidone (PVP) as polymeric matrices. The effect of binary mixtures of polymers on physicochemical properties such as thickness, moisture absorption and moisture content; in vitro release, ex vivo permeation and mechanical properties was evaluated. Ex vivo permeation studies across rat abdominal skin were conducted using Franz diffusion cells. Binary mixture of polymer, ethyl cellulose-PVP and Eudragit RL100-PVP at 2.5:7.5 (LE4) and 5:5 (LP3) showed maximum amount of drug release and ex vivo permeation (LE4, 2282.3 μg; LP3, 2765.7 μg). Different kinetic models used to interpret the release kinetics and mechanism indicated that release from all formulations followed zero order release kinetics with fickian diffusion pattern. The flux of LE4 and LP3 formulations showed a flux of 17 and 21.1 μg cm 2 h, which could meet the target flux. The tensile strength of LE4 and LP3 were found to be 0.6 and 1.1 Kg mm. Matrix type transdermal patches having suitable mechanical properties for LCDP were developed and evaluated.
Modélisation de contextes pour l'annotation sémantique de vidéos. (Context based modeling for video semantic annotation)

Recent years have witnessed an explosion of multimedia contents available. In 2010 the video sharing website YouTube announced that 35 hours of videos were uploaded on its site every minute, whereas in 2008 users were "only" uploading 12 hours of video per minute. Due to the growth of data volumes, human analysis of each video is no longer a solution; there is a need to develop automated video analysis systems. This thesis proposes a solution to automatically annotate video content with a textual description. The thesis core novelty is the consideration of multiple contextual information to perform the annotation. With the constant expansion of visual online collections, automatic video annotation has become a major problem in computer vision. It consists in detecting various objects (human, car. . . ), dynamic actions (running, driving. . . ) and scenes characteristics (indoor, outdoor. . . ) in unconstrained videos. Progress in this domain would impact a wild range of applications including video search, video intelligent surveillance or human-computer interaction.Although some improvements have been shown in concept annotation, it still remains an unsolved problem, notably because of the semantic gap. The semantic gap is defined as the lack of correspondences between video features and high-level human understanding. This gap is principally due to the concepts intra-variability caused by photometry change, objects deformation, objects motion, camera motion or viewpoint change. To tackle the semantic gap, we enrich the description of a video with multiple contextual information. Context is defined as "the set of circumstances in which an event occurs". Video appearance, motion or space-time distribution can be considered as contextual clues associated to a concept. We state that one context is not informative enough to discriminate a concept in a video. However, by considering several contexts at the same time, we can address the semantic gap.
A 300‐mA load CMOS low‐dropout regulator without an external capacitor for SoC and embedded applications

This study proposes a 300‐mA external capacitor‐free low‐dropout (LDO) regulator for system‐on‐chip and embedded applications. To achieve a full‐load range from 0 to 300 mA, a two‐scheme (a light‐load case and a heavy‐load case) operation LDO regulator with a novel control circuit is proposed. In the light‐load case (0–0.5 mA), only one P‐type metal–oxide–semiconductor input‐pair amplifier with a 10‐pF on‐chip capacitor is used to obtain a load current as low as 0. In the heavy‐load case (0.5 to 300 mA), both P‐type metal–oxide–semiconductor and N‐type metal–oxide–semiconductor differential input‐pair amplifiers with an assistant push‐pull stage are utilized to improve the stability of the LDO regulator and achieve a high slew rate and fast‐transient response. Measurements show an output voltage of 3.3 V and a full output load range from 0 to 300 mA. A line regulation of 1.66 mV/V and a load regulation of 0.0334 mV/mA are achieved. The measured power‐supply rejection ratio at 1 kHz is −65 dB, and the measured output noise is only 34 μV. The total active chip size is approximately 0.4 mm2 with a standard 0.5 μm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor process. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
5S RNA structure and interaction with transcription factor A. 2. Ribonuclease probe of the 7S particle from Xenopus laevis immature oocytes and RNA exchange properties of the 7S particle.

The 5S RNA complexed in the 7S particle of immature Xenopus laevis oocytes was 32P labeled at its 3' end and then subjected in situ to partial digestion using ribonucleases T1, T2, A, and V1 in order to study the conformation of the complexed RNA and its interaction with the transcription factor A (TFIIIA). Digested samples were gel purified to retrieve 5S RNA that was still complexed with the transcription factor protein, and the cleavages in these RNAs were analyzed on sequencing gels. The RNA associated with the 7S particle is very susceptible to ribonuclease activity despite the presence of the protein. Also, the 5S RNA in the 7S particle is in a different conformation from renatured Xenopus laevis (Xlo) 5S RNA and appears to have less secondary structure predominantly in the stem that includes helices IV and V. A species of native Xlo 5S RNA which was isolated from 7S particle preparations under nondenaturing conditions revealed a conformation that was more similar to the 5S RNA in the 7S particle than to renatured 5S RNA. Comparison of data from partial ribonuclease digestions performed on renatured 5S RNA, on the native 5S RNA, and on the complexed 5S RNA allowed us to approximate sites of protein-induced structural change in the complexed 5S RNA, which may signal protein interaction domains. These sites include the 5' side of helices III and V. In another approach to the study of 5S RNA-TFIIIA interactions, we have observed that incubation of 32P-labeled Xlo 5S RNA with 7S particles results in the incorporation of labeled RNA into 7S particles. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Correcting Machine Translation During Question Answering

When a multi-lingual question-answering (QA) system provides an answer that has been incorrectly translated, it is very likely to be regarded as irrelevant. In this paper, we propose a novel method for correcting a deletion error that affects overall understanding of the sentence. Our post-editing technique uses information available at query time: examples drawn from related documents determined to be relevant to the query. Our results show that 4%-7% of MT sentences are missing a main verb and on average, 79% of the sentences modified by our system are judged to be more comprehensible. QA performance also benefits from the improved MT: 7% of irrelevant response sentences become relevant.
Chaotic Relaxation Asynchronous Iterative Parallel Algorithm and its Implementation

In order to solve the system load imbalanced problem of the synchronized parallel algorithm on unconstrained optimization problems, improve the speed of solving problems. Chaotic relaxation asynchronous iterative parallel algorithm was proposed in PC cluster. First, the basic concepts of unconstrained optimization problems were introduced, and The BFGS Parallel algorithm of unconstrained optimization problems was analyzed. Then according to relaxation and asynchronous iteration theory, chaotic relaxation asynchronous iterative convergence properties and proof were given. Chaotic relaxation asynchronous iterative parallel algorithm was proposed in PC cluster. Then the algorithm is applied to unconstrained optimization problems, The BFGS chaotic relaxation asynchronous iterative parallel algorithm of unconstrained optimization problems was given. At last, the experimental results of PC cluster show that this algorithm better solved the system load imbalanced problem, improve the speed of problem solving.