Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Semantic-based Recommender System Using A Simulated Annealing Algorithm

A recommender system based on semantic web technologies and on an adaptive hypermedia architecture is shown in this paper. The system uses a stochastic algorithm to provide recommendations to users. The paper presents the system architecture based on the semantic Web technologies and explains a simulated annealing algorithm performing the recommendations. A mobile application for the tourism domain proving the feasibility of this system is described at the end of the paper, some benchmarks are presented. In this application, the recommendations are defined as combinations of tourism products, which are linked to each other. The paper is mainly focused on the architecture and the recommendation process of the system.
Methods for Structural Characterisation of Quillaja Saponins by Electrospray Ionisation Ion Trap Multiple-Stage Mass Spectrometry

This thesis describes methods for structural classification of Quillaja saponins based on high performance liquid chromatography hyphenated electrospray ionisation ion trap multiple-stage mass spectrometry, in combination with multivariate analysis. Quillaja saponins from the chromatographic fractions QH-A, QH-B, and QH-C as well as crude bark extract have been investigated. MS1-MS3 spectra in positive ion mode were analysed by multivariate methods such as PCA and PLS-DA. Fragmentation of saponins generally results in loss of fragments from the precursor ion. The essential part of the reported method is the referencing of mass spectral data that allows for comparison of structural features between saponin components based on multiple stage mass spectra. Peaks in the referenced spectra obtain a correlation to loss of common structural elements. The multivariate methods captured the variance corresponding to the common structural elements. Thus, the obtained models have the ability to predict new structures that share the common structural elements. In total 12 new saponin structures have been proposed based on ESI-IT-MSn measurements. In these investigations the reported multivariate method was helpful since the generated structural predictions solved either the full saponin structure or parts of it. The reported multivariate method is in compliance to HPLC on-line coupled MSn data and thus provides a rapid method for screening of saponins in either biologic or chromatographic fractions. Further, a chromatographic method suitable for metabolic fingerprinting of saponins is reported.
Camouflage in Malware: from Encryption to Metamorphism

Summary Camouflage of malware is a serious challenge for antivirus experts and code analysts. Malware use various techniques to camouflage them to not be easily visible and make their lifetime as longer as possible. Although, camouflage approaches cannot fully stop the analyzing and fighting against the malware, but it make the process of analyzing and detection prolonged, so the malware can get more time to widely spread. It is very important for antivirus technologies to improve their products by shortening the detection procedure, not only at the first time facing with a new threat, but also in the future detections. In this paper, we intend to review the concept of camouflage in malware and its evolution from non-stealth days to modern metamorphism. Moreover, we explore obfuscation techniques exploited by metamorphism, the most recent method in malware camouflage.
Monitoring of total body water to examine the progress of acclimatization of runners at varying altitudes

The purpose of our pilot study was to find out if total body water (TBW) changes could objectively modify the course of adaptation during training for elite runners at different altitudes. The aim of this pilot study is to summarize the indication of the progress of acclimatization at high altitudes (1000–2700 meters above sea level) during alpine conditioning. In three training camps at various altitudes the TBW of elite runners (F = 3, M = 1; n = 4; age 23 ± 0.9) was monitored, in order to check the progress of acclimatization. We used BIA measurement methods (Bodystat 1500) at different high altitude running camps at the Czech Republic, Morocco and Ethiopia. Changes in TBW were used to check the progress of acclimatization. We discovered that the retention peaks of TBW corresponded with critical days (p ≤ 0.04; Cohen’s d). The highest measured increases of TBW at an altitude of 1000 m were for runner 1, 1.7 litres and for runner 2, 2.1 litres with retention peaks for both occurring on the 5th day. At an altitude of 1770 m runner 1 reached an increase of TBW of 6.3 litres, with a retention peak on the 11th day, and runner 3 had an increase of 5.1 litres with a peak on the 8th day. In the acclimatization phase we found two critical periods, from the 4th–6th day, and after the 10th–12th day. For runner 4 in altitude 2700m who completed the camp at a higher altitude, the situation is more complicated because there were fluctuations of the content of TBW in the range of 1.25 litres, with the highest depression on the 5th and then again an unsettled rise and reaching a maximum on the 12th, when she nearly returned to the initial value. Detected retention peaks reflected different levels of altitude (5th–12th days). We can conclude that the measuring of changes in TBW during camps at higher altitudes may be one of the biomarkers during acclimatization to altitude.
Electronic Messages: Can We Expect Them To Be Coherent?.

A study examined discussions on an instructional listserv, an open forum with several hundred subscribers across the world. The study investigated the coherence of a group of electronic mail (e-mail) messages taken from an academic listsery under one topic. Coherence is important as it contributes to the comprehension of a text. Participants on the listsery are mostly academic professionals and other professionals associated with the list's focus on instructional technology. First, e-mail messages on several topics were collected over a period of 1 month. Then, "No Jokes," the group of messages to be examined was selected; it contained 24 messages of different lengths. The subject e-mail message group was scrutinized for themes by using a qualitative content analysis procedure. Results indicated that out of the 24 messages there were 9 themes--one central theme was picked up in 14 messages; 20 times other themes were discussed across 16 messages; and 11 messages of 14 were sent within 2 days. Findings suggest that the e-mail message group seems to lack similarity in themes and the high dissimilarity level makes the group discussion less centered. Based on two measures of similarity and proximity, the messages seem to be lacking in coherence. Some implications for future research on e-mail in education are offered. (Contains 17 references.) (CR) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** Electronic Messages: Can We Expect Them to be Coherent?
The Role of ICT in Reducing Information Asymmetry for Financial Access

This study assesses the role of ICT in complementing private credit bureaus (PCB) and public credit registries (PCR) in reducing information asymmetry for financial access. The empirical evidence is based on Generalised Method of Moments with 53 African countries for the period 2004-2011. The following findings are established. First on financial access: (i) the marginal effects from interactions between ICT and PCR (PCB) are consistently positive (negative); (ii) net effects from interactions are negative with the higher magnitude from PCR and (iii) only thresholds corresponding to interactions between PCR and internet penetration are within range. Second, findings on financial allocation efficiency reveal positive marginal and net effects exclusively for mobile phones and PCR. Third, allocation efficiency may be constrained by increasing financial deposits. Overall, the complementarity between information offices and ICT in boosting financial access is still very limited. Policy implications are discussed with emphasis on improving the engaged complementarity and fighting surplus liquidity.
The theoretical roots of NLP-based coaching

NLP (Neuro-linguistic programming) is a communication model; it is about the internal representation of experience and how people communicate with themselves as well as others. In recent years NLP has informed much coaching practice (McDermott & Jago, 2001; Dilts, 2003; McLeod, 2004). Yet ‘the relationship between NLP and academe has been tenuous and somewhat strained, influenced in part by the apparently atheoretical stance of the founders’ (Tosey, Mathison & Michelli, 2005). This paper details the theoretical origins of the NLP model and its roots in established psychological theories. Our intent is to offer an informed view of NLP as well as to contribute to the development and validation of professional coaching practices that are grounded in established psychological theory and research (Grant, 2001; Stober, Wildflower & Drake, 2006).
Pharmacologyonline 2 : 479-489 ( 2011 ) Bayati and Yazdanparast

It is by now well accepted that oxidative stress plays a vital role in initiation and progression of the brain lipid and protein oxidation of Alzheimer patients. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) ,as a prooxidant, interacts with transition metals via fenton reaction and produces hydroxyl radicals that initiate lipid peroxidation through malondialdehyde (MDA) production and protein carbonyl oxidation (PCO). Therefore, to back up the system under oxidative stress conditions, it might be beneficial to use antioxidants. Chalcone derivatives (1, 3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones) are plant flavonoides with free radical scavenging capabilities. The main difference among these derivatives is on their hydroxyl substitution patterns especially on their phenolic rings. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of thirteen different synthetic chalcone derivatives (compound 8-20) on the activity of some of the antioxidant enzymes including CAT, SOD and GPx as well as on the levels of MDA, PCO and GSH against H2O2-induced damage on SK-N-MC cells. Our results indicated that chalcone derivatives especially vanilline analogues increased the activities of SOD, CAT and GPx in drug-pretreated relative to H2O2-treated cells. In addition, they were capable of reducing the formation of MDA and PCO. The destructive effect of H2O2 on the GSH level of the cells was almost totally restored by each of the derivatives. These properties probably are due to free radical scavenging activity of each of the derivatives and thus, it is expected these compounds would attenuate the destructive effects of oxidants.
Climate change and decline in water resources in Kikuletwa Catchment, Pangani, Northern Tanzania

The sensitivity of hydrology and water resources to climate variation in Kikuletwa Catchment, Pangani Basin, northern Tanzania was assessed using 30 years of river level and climate data as well as questionnaire, focused group discussion (FGD) and participant observation. The results show a significant association between mean annual river level for Kikuletwa River and mean annual rainfall in the past thirty years. The results further indicate an inverse relationship between river level and temperature in the catchment suggesting the effects of climate change on water resources at Kikuletwa Catchment area. Although the results of our study indicate an upward trend in precipitation (from the two rain stations) over the past three decades, there was a consistent decline in river level in the main rivers. The eight villages covered by this study face a variety of water shortage and environmental challenges that are intertwined with the causes and consequences of a changing climate. Access to water is the primary natural resource concern in Pangani Basin and Kikuletwa catchment villages and a lack of infrastructure for storing and directing water during rainy periods limits opportunities for harvesting water for irrigation and other household uses. More than seventy percent of heads of household are farmers whose crop production depends mainly on rainfall. While water deficit remains a major concern, its severity is not immune to the challenges of shifting climate and environmental destruction resulting from livelihood activities in the study area. Key words: Climate change, water resources, agriculture.
Unemployment Benefits or Taxes: How Should Policy Makers Redistribute Income Over the Business Cycle?

This paper studies optimal unemployment benefit levels and optimal proportional income tax rates over the business cycle. Previous research suggests that policy makers should make unemployment insurance (UI) dependent on the business cycle because the UI system can be used to smooth consumption across different economic states. However, high benefits increase unemployment. An alternative way to redistribute income is to vary tax rates over the business cycle. In this paper, we develop an equilibrium search and matching model with risk-averse workers and two states, namely, a good and a bad state. The model yields potential ambiguity concerning the welfare effects of business cycle-dependent UI. The model is calibrated to United States (U.S.) labor market data. The numerical results suggest that higher benefits in the bad state are optimal, but the benefit differential is small. A more efficient way for policy makers to redistribute income over the business cycle is to decrease taxes in the bad state. Compared to an optimal uniform system, however, differentiation yields small welfare gains. Nevertheless, imposing two tax rates strictly dominates imposing two benefit levels. This finding is robust to a wide range of sensitivity checks.
Quantum Spin of Elastic wave

Unveiling intrinsic spins of propagating waves usually offers people a fundamental understanding of the geometrical and topological properties of waves from classical to quantum aspects [1, 2]. A great variety of research has shown that transverse waves can possess nontrivial quantum spins and topology without help of strong wave-matter interaction [3–5]. However, until now we still lack essential physical insights about the spin and topological nature of longitudinal waves. Here, demonstrated by elastic waves we uncover unique quantum spins for longitudinal waves and the mixed longitudinaltransverse waves that play essential roles in topological spin-momentum locking. Based on this quantum spin perspective, several abnormal phenomena beyond pure transverse waves are attributed to the hybrid spin induced by mixed longitudinal-transverse waves. The intrinsic hybrid spin reveals the complex spin essence in elastic waves and advances our understanding about their fundamental topological properties. We also show these spin-dependent phenomena can be exploited to control the wave propagation, such as non-symmetric elastic wave excitation by spin pairs, uni-directional Rayleigh wave and spinselected elastic wave routing. These findings are generally applicable for arbitrary waves with longitudinal and transverse components.
easter egg Electronic soundmodes and plasmons in hydrodynamic two-dimensionalmetals

Using an analytically tractable kinetic model of a two dimensional Fermi liquid of electrons, we characterize the crossovers between zero sound, first sound and plasmons. For experimentally realized Fermi liquids in a hydrodynamic limit, both zero and first sound waves are essentially replaced by plasmons. The plasmon dispersion relation is robust against hydrodynamic effects, up to acquiring the viscous-limited decay rate of a first sound wave in the hydrodynamic limit. We discuss implications for experiments in clean two dimensional electron gases.
Menggunakan Pendekatan Bootstrapping pada Ontology-Based Information Extraction

Information extraction is a field study of natural language processing by converting unstructured text into structured information. Several types of information on the Internet is transmitted through unstructured information via websites, led to emergence of the need a technology to analyze text and found relevant knowledge into structured information. For example of unstructured information is existing main information on the content of web pages. Various approaches for information extraction have been developed by many researchers, either using manual or automatic method, but still need to be improved performance related accuracy and speed of extraction. This research proposed an approach of information extraction that combines bootstrapping approach with Ontology-Based Information Extraction (OBIE). Bootstrapping approach using small seed of labelled data, is used to minimize human intervention on information extraction process, while the use of guide ontology for extracting classes, properties and instances, using for provide semantic content for semantic web. Combining both approaches expected to increase speed of extraction process and accuracy of extraction results. Case study to apply information extraction system using “LonelyPlanet” datasets. Keywords— Information extraction, ontology, bootstrapping, Ontology-Based Information Extraction, OBIE, performance
Development of a dual purpose refrigeration system for domestic use

Refrigeration and air conditioning are very important in the daily activities of man, particularly in the tropical regions of the world; used in the preservation of perishable items, storage of pharmaceutical drugs, controlling of an atmospheric environment either for human/animal thermal comfort or effective performance of a scientific process. This paper is aimed at the design and construction of a dual purpose domestic refrigeration system, that can simultaneously function as a refrigerator and as well as an air conditioner henceforth known as REFACON. The refrigeration system employed was a vapour compression system. The machine was a split configuration with an Indoor and an outdoor unit (condensing unit). The machine used a singular 1,119 W single phase hermetically sealed reciprocating compressor, a fabricated condenser and split evaporator operated by temperature controlled solenoid valve. The system used 0.620 kg of R 22 refrigerant, with a discharge pressure of 1,355 kPa and suction pressure of 360 kPa. The input power was 1,350 W with an output cooling effect of 5,280 W. The combined cooling load/cooling capacity of the machine was 4,500 W. The results of tests conducted showed a total heat rejected of 6,680 W and a total evaporator heat absorption of 5,179 W. The Energy Efficiency Ratio was 3.91 while the Coefficient of Performance was 4.72. This research has shown that the design employed for the heat exchangers was appropriate and Thermal contact resistance cannot be neglected. http://dx.doi. org/10.4314/njt.v35i4. 16
Influence of CH 4 and H 2 S availability on symbiont distribution, carbon assimilation and transfer in the dual symbiotic vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus

Abstract. High densities of mussels of the genus Bathymodiolus are present at hydrothermal vents of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. It was previously proposed that the chemistry at vent sites would affect their sulphide- and methane-oxidizing endosymbionts' abundance. In this study, we confirmed the latter assumption using fluorescence in situ hybridization on Bathymodiolus azoricus specimens maintained in a controlled laboratory environment at atmospheric pressure with one, both or none of the chemical substrates. A high level of symbiosis plasticity was observed, methane-oxidizers occupying between 4 and 39% of total bacterial area and both symbionts developing according to the presence or absence of their substrates. Using H13CO3− in the presence of sulphide, or 13CH4, we monitored carbon assimilation by the endosymbionts and its translocation to symbiont-free mussel tissues. Carbon was incorporated from methane and sulphide-oxidized inorganic carbon at rates 3 to 10 times slower in the host muscle tissue than in the symbiont-containing gill tissue. Both symbionts thus contribute actively to B. azoricus nutrition and adapt to the availability of their substrates. Further experiments with varying substrate concentrations using the same set-up should provide useful tools to study and even model the effects of changes in hydrothermal fluids on B. azoricus' chemosynthetic nutrition.
Multiobject Holographic Feedback Control of Differential Algebraic System with Application to Power System

A multiobject holographic feedback (MOHF) control method for studying the nonlinear differential algebraic (NDA) system is proposed. In this method, the nonlinear control law is designed in a homeomorphous linear space by means of constructing the multiobject equations (MOEq) which is in accord with Brunovsky normal form. The objective functions of MOEq are considered to be the errors between the output functions and their references. The relative degree for algebraic system is defined that is key to connecting the nonlinear and the linear control laws. Pole assignment method is addressed for the stability domain of this MOHF control. Since there is no any approximation, the MOHF control is effective in governing the dynamic performance stably both to the small and major disturbance. The application in single machine infinite system (SMIS) shows that this approach is effective in the improvement of stable and transient stability for power system on the disturbance of active power or three-phase short circuit fault.
A Fast Color Image Segmentation Approach Using GDF with Improved Region-Level Ncut

Color image segmentation is fundamental in image processing and computer vision. A novel approach, GDF-Ncut, is proposed to segment color images by integrating generalized data field (GDF) and improved normalized cuts (Ncut). To start with, the hierarchy-grid structure is constructed in the color feature space of an image in an attempt to reduce the time complexity but preserve the quality of image segmentation. Then a fast hierarchy-grid clustering is performed under GDF potential estimation and therefore image pixels are merged into disjoint oversegmented but meaningful initial regions. Finally, these regions are presented as a weighted undirected graph, upon which Ncut algorithm merges homogenous initial regions to achieve final image segmentation. The use of the fast clustering improves the effectiveness of Ncut because regions-based graph is constructed instead of pixel-based graph. Meanwhile, during the processes of Ncut matrix computation, oversegmented regions are grouped into homogeneous parts for greatly ameliorating the intermediate problems from GDF and accordingly decreasing the sensitivity to noise. Experimental results on a variety of color images demonstrate that the proposed method significantly reduces the time complexity while partitioning image into meaningful and physically connected regions. The method is potentially beneficial to serve object extraction and pattern recognition.