Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cometary dust collected by MIDAS on board Rosetta. I. Dust particle catalog and statistics

We aim to catalog all dust particles collected and analyzed by MIDAS, together with their main statistical properties such as size, height, basic shape descriptors, and collection time. Furthermore, we aim to present the scientific results that can be extracted from the catalog (e.g., the size distribution and statistical characteristics of cometary dust particles). The existing MIDAS particle catalog has been greatly improved by a careful re-analysis of the AFM images, leading to the addition of more dust particles and a detailed description of the particle properties. The catalog documents all images of identified dust particles and includes a variety of derived information tabulated one record per particle. Furthermore, the best image of each particle was chosen for subsequent studies. Finally, we created dust coverage maps and clustering maps of the MIDAS collection targets and traced any possible fragmentation of collected particles with a detailed algorithm. The revised MIDAS catalog includes 3523 MIDAS particles in total, where 1857 particles are expected to be usable for further analysis (418 scans of particles before perihelion + 1439 scans of particles after perihelion, both after the removal of duplicates), ranging from about 40 nm to about 8 ${\mu}$m in size. The mean value of the equivalent radius derived from the 2D projection of the particles is 0.91 ${\pm}$ 0.79 ${\mu}$m. A slightly improved equivalent radius based on the particle's volume coincides in the range of uncertainties with a value of 0.56 ${\pm}$ 0.45 ${\mu}$m. We note that those sizes and all following MIDAS particle size distributions are expected to be influenced by the fragmentation of MIDAS particles upon impact on the collection targets. Furthermore, fitting the slope of the MIDAS particle size distribution with a power law of a r ${^b}$ yields an index b of ${\sim}$ -1.67 to -1.88.
Magnetohydrodynamic slip flow and heat transfer over a nonlinear shrinking surface in a heat generating fluid

In this paper, the problem of steady slip magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer flow and heat transfer over a nonlinear permeable shrinking surface in a heat generating fluid is studied. The transformed boundary layer equations are then solved numerically using the bvp4c function in MATLAB solver. Numerical results are obtained for various values of the magnetic parameter, the slip parameter and the suction parameter. The skin friction coefficients, the heat transfer coefficients, as well as the velocity and temperature profiles for various values of parameters are also obtained and discussed.
Nutrient return in litter and rainfall under some exotic conifer stands in New Zealand

Summary Because changes in the nutrient content of the soil after afforestation may result in slower growth of succeeding tree crops, a study is being made of the changes taking place in pumice soils under exotic conifers in New Zealand. As litter plays a large part in determining the future nutrient status of the soil, monthly litter-fall collections have been made for several years under radiata pine, Corsican pine, Douglas fir, and European larch. The nutrient compositions of the litters are similar to those reported from other countries but the total annual weights of litter fall are greater in New Zealand. The air-dry weight of litter falling under both radiata and Corsican pines exceeded 8000 lb/ac in one year and averaged more than 5000 Ib/ac/yr. The rate of needle fall under Douglas fir does not vary greatly with season but most Corsican-pine needles fall in the autumn. Under radiata pine there is also a peak needle fall in the autumn but considerable quantities of needles fall throughout the year.
Site-specific risk factors of white mould epidemics in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Tasmania, Australia

Abstract In Tasmania, Australia, if more than 5% of bean pods are affected by white mould (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) shipments may be rejected by the processor. This standard dictates prophylactic fungicide application over flowering, although in some instances treatment may not be warranted because of low disease risk. Surveys were conducted to identify relationships among edaphic factors, weather variables, and production practices associated with white mould. Correlations were found between disease incidence and the number of apothecia, fungicide timing, and mean minimum air temperature in the 10- and 30-day periods preceding harvest. Significant differences in disease incidence also were detected among cultivars and bean canopy densities. A nonparametric discriminant analysis model based on the predictor variables of mean minimum air temperature in the 10- and 30-day periods before harvest, cultivar, bean canopy density, and fungicide application correctly predicted presence of white mould on pods in 77% of bean fields. Several factors that can be manipulated to reduce disease risks were identified.
Occurrence of Rifampicin Resistant and HIV Co-Infection Tuberculosis in Ikere-Ekiti, Nigeria

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a major cause of disability and death worldwide. One of the targets of Sustainable Goal Development for 2030 is to put an end to tuberculosis epidemics. This study accessed the occurrence of tuberculosis, its co-infection with HIV and rifampicin resistance in the study area, as well as the reliability of acid fast bacilli (AFB) test in tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. Methods: The study, which was made up of both retrospective and prospective TB investigations, was carried out at the State Specialist Hospital, Ikere–Ekiti, Nigeria, covering April 2014 to March 2017. Sputum samples from 1227 individuals with suspected cases of TB, made up of 496 (40.42%) males and 731 (58.11%) females, were analysed for TB by smear microscopy for AFB and molecular determination using GeneXpert machine. Results: A total of 141 (11.49%) individuals were diagnosed tuberculosis positive using the GeneXpert machine, while 78 (6.36%) tested positive by AFB technique. Eleven (7.8 %) of the 141 tuberculosis-positive cases were rifampicin resistant; also a tuberculosis HIV co-infection rate of 25.53% was obtained. The risk factors associated with TB in the study were smoking, alcoholism, over-crowding and HIV co-infection. Using the GeneXpert as a standard, the AFB’s sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value were 43.26, 98.43, 78.20 and 93.04% respectively. Conclusion: The high occurrence of rifampicin resistant tuberculosis and HIV-TB co-infection are of serious concern. The low sensitivity and PPV values, as well as its inability to detect drug resistant TB, undermine the reliability of AFB.
HEURISTIC POWER FLOW ALGORITHM FOR APPLICATION IN ACTIVE DISTRIBUTION GRIDS

Power Flow (PF) analysis is a basic and major task in operation, expansion and planning of power systems. By appearance of renewable energy resources as major components of active distribution grids, the problem of power flow may be encounter with some new challenges. Most of the power flow solutions especially in distribution networks are based on mathematical formulation, which is solved using iterative techniques. In this paper to overcome the deficiency of conventional power flow solvers at smart distribution grids a method based on application of heuristic optimization is proposed. The presented method can overcome some unexpected condition in future distribution grids power flow problem such as weakly mesh topology of future distribution networks, high ratio of R/X, integration of distributed generation into conventional distribution networks, as well as ill condition of load flow Jacobian matrix in heavy loads. The presented algorithm is tested using two heuristic algorithm namely, Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The obtained results is compared by Backward-Forward (BF) method on 33-bus test system with 24 hours load profile. The results confirm the capability, efficiency and flexibility of the presented algorithm.
Numerical study of the flow inside an alternator: application to the thermal optimization of the machine

In this paper, the flow inside an electric machine called a starter-alternator is studied parametrically with CFD in order to be used by a thermal lumped model coupled to an optimization algorithm using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). In the first case, the geometrical parameters are symmetric allowing us to model only one side of the machine. The optimized thermal results are not conclusive. In the second case, all the parameters are independent. In this case, the flow is strongly influenced by the dissymmetry. Optimization results are this time a clear improvement compared to the original machine.
Low Power Efficient MAC Unit using Proposed Carry Select Adder

: A design of high performance 8 bit Multiplier-and-Accumulator (MAC) is implemented in this paper. MAC unit performs important operation in many of the digital signal processing (DSP) applications. The multiplier is basic array multiplier and the adder is proposed carry select adder. The proposed CSLA design involves significantly less area and delay than the recently proposed BEC-based CSLA. Due to the small carry-output delay, the proposed CSLA design is good for square-root (SQRT) CSLA. The total design is coded with Verilog-HDL and the synthesis is done using Cadence RTL complier using typical libraries of TSMC 180nm technology.The total power dissipation is 605uW.
Preliminary Evidence Suggests Extra-Pair Mating in the Endangered Echo Parakeet, Psittacula eques

Parrots are generally considered monogamous, forming strict pairs when breeding. Echo parakeets are unusual in that, although traditional breeding pairs occur, there are also multi-male breeding groups. This raises questions about the potential for extra-pair copulations. Genotype data were obtained from the dominant male and female in eight breeding groups (including three with profiles of attendant auxiliary males) and their 36 offspring. A further 34 offspring were available from eight breeding groups where profiles were available for a single parent. This study utilized four microsatellite genetic markers, originally developed for the African grey parrot. Parentage testing was undertaken using genotype comparisons with the dominant pair within the breeding group as well as auxiliary males where available. Although four markers were insufficient to provide conclusive evidence they do suggest that extra-pair copulation occurs in this species. The echo parakeet is classified as endangered (<500 birds) and understanding its mating system would be valuable in its future conservation.
Local Beta: Have Location Risks Been Priced in REIT Returns?

This paper studies the pricing of the risk associated with the location of the assets. The location risk is measured by ‘local beta’, which combines the systematic risk of local property markets and the property allocation strategy of real estate firms. The empirical results confirm a higher equity return for a firm with higher exposure to the most volatile property markets, particularly for REITs which are more geographically concentrated. For REITs with highly diversified assets, location risks are reflected in REIT returns. For those REITs with most concentrated assets, a one standard deviation increase in the local beta will lead to a 4.5% increase in the annual return. Investors can use REITs’ location risk as an information tool to construct a long-short investment portfolio of real estate firms and can achieve a significant non-market performance of 6% per annum.
Moving into the Zone of Feasible Innovation – towards meaningful science teaching

Science teaching and learning is considered a complicated challenge both by teachers and pupils. This paper addresses the question of how much change is appropriate in a given context of science teaching and school development. By analysing science teacher motivation and identity and identifying teacher potential to implement the national science curriculum can help us find ideas on activities which might help to change some of the constraints experienced in science teaching. The main findings of the study so far are that by using Roth’s (2007) ideas and Macdonald ́s (2008) framework to analyse teachers‘ motivation and identity a deeper understanding of some of the constraints on developing science teaching in schools. Also, the results indicate that the theory of the Zone of Feasible Innovation (ZFI) developed by Rogan and Grayson (2007) is a useful idea when evaluating the level of implementation. When the main constructs of the ZFI are adapted and applied to the national science curriculum in Iceland and the capacity of teachers of science, teachers and school administrators can find new ways to identify possible next steps in developing science teaching in their schools. Aims of the study In school development, the decisions of what to do next and how to do it are always difficult questions to answer. The advent of a new science curriculum in 1999 for Icelandic schools, and a revised version in 2007, with slight changes in emphasis, has encouraged discussions about science teaching. The capacity of teachers to implement the curriculum differ as well as their competence to evaluate what and how much change is appropriate. The aim of this study is to assess the current capacity of science teachers to implement the national science curriculum and context within which teachers work. In order to do so we focused on understanding situations in which teachers find themselves and the opportunities and challenges to be found in these situations. It forms part of a larger study on the status of science education in Icelandic schools. 1 Since 1996 all schools have been obliged by law to carry out self-evaluation and the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture is required to inspect self-evaluation methods being used in schools at five year intervals. Most schools have already been through two inspections. The ministry provides guidelines for schools of what aspects of the work of schools must be considered (Sjálfsmat skóla : leikskólar, grunnskólar og framhaldsskólar, 1997) but schools choose how they collect the information (Aðalnámskrá grunnskóla, almennur hluti, 2006). However, the capacity of schools to carry out self-evaluation are very uneven (Úttektir á sjálfsmatsaðferðum grunnskóla : 1 The Intentions and reality project on science and technology education is being carried out by a team of researchers from the Iceland University of Education and was funded by the national Research Fund in Iceland from 2005-2007. This study also received funding from the Research Fund of the Iceland University of Education in 2007.
New microsatellite markers for Ulva intestinalis (Chlorophyta) and the transferability of markers across species of Ulvaceae

K. Kostamo, J. Blomster, H. Korpelainen, J. Kelly, C.A. Maggs and F. Mineur. 2008. New microsatellite markers for Ulva intestinalis (Chlorophyta) and the transferability of markers across species of Ulvaceae. Phycologia 47: 580–587. DOI: 10.2216/08-16.1 Macroalgal blooms are a growing environmental problem in eutrophicated coastal ecosystems. Members of the green algal genus Ulva are significant contributors to blooms, which are typically dominated by only one of several co-occurring opportunistic species. Our understanding of bloom dynamics, such as the importance of clonality, is limited because previously used genetic markers such as internal transcribed spacer sequences have shown very little resolution. Microsatellites are the marker of choice for such studies, but to date, only five primer pairs have been developed for a single member of this genus, Ulva intestinalis. We have now developed four new microsatellite markers for U. intestinalis using genome screening and restriction–ligation and tested them on individuals from six populations in the Gulf of Finland, Finland. All new markers exhibited polymorphism in U. intestinalis, with the numbers of alleles ranging from 6 to 10. On the basis of assignment tests, FST estimates and analysis of molecular variance, there was genetic differentiation among populations. Where significantly different, expected heterozygosity (HE) was higher than observed heterozygosity (HO), indicating a trend toward heterozygote deficiency. This may indicate that although Ulva spores can disperse relatively efficiently, asexual reproduction can result in genetic differentiation among populations. We also tested the cross-species amplification of our primers and the five primer pairs reported previously on seven species of Ulva, Ulvaria obscura and Umbraulva olivascens (all members of the Ulvaceae). In each species, from five to nine of the loci produced an amplification product, and one to four alleles were discovered at each locus. These markers therefore have great potential for testing hypotheses about the formation and maintenance of multispecies macroalgal blooms.
A web survey to assess the use efficacy of personnel protective materials among allied health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic at North-East India

The rising pandemic is resulting in increased usage of personnel protective equipment in the hospital and community. The efficient and effective use of appropriate personal protective equipment will help assure its availability and healthcare provider safety. The purpose of this study was to assess the use efficacy of PPE among health care workers through a web based survey during the pandemic. the response rate of the survey was 66.75%. 35.2% gave a full rating on a point of 5 regarding the control measures taken by the hospital , 39% of respondents did not use the PPE, 90.6% used a surgical mask while 65.9% wore the disposable gloves and only 47.6% wore the goggles/face shield More than half the respondents did not wear the shoe-cover. 97.4% used the hand sanitizer and around 97% maintained hand hygiene practice.
Characterization and application of the proteins isolated from edible insects

Proteins were isolated from four species of edible insects, Bombyx mori, B; Tenebrio molitor, T; Protaetia brevitarsis, P; and Gryllus bimaculatus, G, and their properties were analyzed and compared with those of whey proteins. The yield of the protein isolated from raw materials was 65.0-75.0%. Among three branched chain amino acids (BCAA), the amounts of valine in all the insects were similar to that of the whey protein. The BCAA content was 16.8 and 16.4% in G and T, respectively. The total polyphenolic content and the antioxidant activity of the insect proteins were significantly higher than those of the whey proteins. Based on the sensory test of the protein powder, the whey protein could be replaced by 25% of the isolated protein from the insects, but the taste and flavor needs to be improved. Although the BCAA content of insect proteins was lower than that of the whey protein (by 73-76%), their application could be useful because of high polyphenolic content and the anti-oxidative activity.
Clinical signs, symptoms, perceptions and impact on quality of life of patients suffering peri-implant diseases: a university-representative cross-sectional study

Aim: To study the symptoms and perception reported by patients with peri-implant diseases, as well as their signs and their potential impact on the oral health quality of life. Materials and Methods: 240 randomly selected patients were invited to participate. As part of the history assessment, the patient OHIP-14Sp was evaluated together with, for each implant, the patient perception regarding the peri-implant health status and the history of pain, spontaneous discomfort, bleeding, suppuration, swelling and discomfort during brushing. As part of the clinical examination, the following potential signs of peri-implant diseases were collected: probing pocket depth (PPD), mucosal dehiscence (MD), extent of BoP, presence of SoP, and visual signs of redness and swelling. Those parameters were analyzed in relation to the actual peri-implant health diagnosis. Results: 99 patients with a total of 458 dental implants were studied. Even in case of peri-implantitis, 88.89% of the implants were perceived by the patients as healthy. The total OHIP-14Sp sum score did not differ in relation to the peri-implant health diagnosis. Increased reports of spontaneous discomfort, bleeding, swelling and discomfort during brushing were observed in presence of disease. However, only a minor proportion of implants with peri-implant diseases presented symptoms. PPD[≥]6 mm was more frequent in diseased than in healthy implants (p<0.01), while PPD[≥]8 in pre-periimplantitis/peri-implantitis than in healthy/mucositis implants (p<0.01). Implants with peri-implantitis showed higher MD than implants without peri-implantitis (p<0.01). Conclusions: Peri-implant diseases are in most cases asymptomatic and not perceived by the patients. Despite being unable to accurately discriminate between peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, PPD and MD resulted as the only two clinical signs associated with pre-periimplantitis/peri-implantitis.
Differential short‐ and long‐term effects of an invertebrate predator on zooplankton communities in invaded and native lakes

Forecasting the effects of invasive species remains difficult, because short‐term effects may be transitory and theories of long‐term effects are poorly developed and rarely tested. Here, we compare zooplankton communities from freshwater lakes in Norway and Canada that differ in their duration of exposure to the invertebrate predator Bythotrephes longimanus, to aid in predicting its potential long‐term impacts on Canadian zooplankton communities.
Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Perpetration among U.S. Adults during COVID-19: A Brief Report

Importance: Anecdotal evidence such as increased calls to domestic violence (DV) hotlines across the globe suggest that there may be an increase of IPV prevalence in association with the COVID-19 outbreak; however, no study has investigated this phenomenon empirically. Objective: To evaluate the association between COVID-19 related conditions and recent use or experience of IPV (since the pandemic outbreak in the U.S). Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study analyzed data collected online from a sample of noninstitutionalized adults (age 18+) in the U.S. (N=2,045). More than half of the sample self-identified as being in an intimate relationship at the time of the study. Main Outcomes and Measures: A four-item tool was used to assess IPV perpetration and victimization since the outbreak of COVID-19. The rapid tool inquired about two forms of IPV, psychological and physical. Participants self-reported demographic data and recent health histories, including COVID-19 tests results, related symptoms and degree of personal social distancing. We hypothesized that COVID-19 related factors would increase risks of IPV. Results: In this study, self-reported COVID-19 impacted respondents had an increased risk of IPV victimization and perpetration. Among those who reported having symptoms consistent with coronavirus, but were denied access to testing, psychological IPV victimization was 3 times greater than those who did not (Exp[B] =3.15, [1.19, 2.29] p <.05). For participants who reported testing positive to COVID-19, the odds of using psychological IPV (Exp[B] =3.24, [1.18, 8.89] p <.05) and physical IPV (Exp[B]=3.02, [1.12, 8.17] p <.05) against an intimate partner increased by more than 3 times. Conclusions and Relevance: Patient education and community outreach/health care system initiatives focused on IPV risk behaviors may help reduce the potential development of IPV. Continued surveillance is imperative to improve health and well-being along with effective intervention development and implementation.