Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of unitary space-time modulation in a continuously changing channel

The fading channel is a significant problem in many communications environments. We examine the performance of unitary space-time modulation in a time-varying channel. We use a Gauss-Markov model of the continuously varying channel to characterize performance of differential and trained modulation. We find a performance ceiling at high SNR where the effect of the changing channel dominates. We show that while trained modulation provides an advantage at low SNR, above a certain SNR differential modulation gives better performance. We conclude with simulation results that support our analysis.
A SEARCH FOR CONSISTENT JET AND DISK ROTATION SIGNATURES IN RY TAU

We present a radial velocity study of the RY Tau jet–disk system, designed to determine whether a transfer of angular momentum from disk to jet can be observed. Many recent studies report on the rotation of T Tauri disks and on what may be a signature of T Tauri jet rotation. However, due to observational difficulties, few studies report on both disk and jet within the same system to establish if the senses of rotation match and hence can be interpreted as a transfer of angular momentum. We report a clear signature of Keplerian rotation in the RY Tau disk, based on Plateau de Bure observations. We also report on the transverse radial velocity profile of the RY Tau jet close to the star. We identify two distinct profile shapes: a v-shape, which appears near jet shock positions, and a flat profile, which appears between shocks. We do not detect a rotation signature above 3σ uncertainty in any of our transverse cuts of the jet. Nevertheless, if the jet is currently in steady-state, the errors themselves provide a valuable upper limit on the jet toroidal velocity of 10 km s−1, implying a launch radius of ≤0.45 AU. However, possible contamination of jet kinematics, via shocks or precession, prevents any firm constraint on the jet launch point, since most of its angular momentum could be stored in magnetic form rather than in rotation of matter.
11 Industrial Sprays : Experimental Characterization and Numerical Modeling

Sprays in industrial processes are becoming more common as well as more challenging for design. Spray formation processes are critical to the performance of a number of technologies and applications. The spray applications can be quite varied and include combustion systems (gas turbine engines, internal combustion engines, incinerators, furnaces, rocket engines), agriculture (pesticide and herbicide treatments), paints and coatings (furniture, automobiles), consumer products (cleaners, personal care products), fire suppression systems, spray cooling (materials processing, computer chip cooling), gas treatment (thermal quench, acid neutralization), medicinal/pharmaceutical, reactor feed injections, liquid distribution into chemical units (defoaming, uniform flux over column packing), and spray drying (foods, drugs, materials processing). The process requirement varies depending upon the application. For example, making small drops are important for internal combustion engines and other applications where rapid mass transfer into the gas phase is critical. Large drops may be desired where entrainment in a counter-current gas flow must be minimized. In another case, creating a narrow drop size distribution, neither too small or too large, is desired for agricultural sprays when trying to achieve low driftable fines while at the same time maintaining good target coverage. Controlling the spread of drop distribution plays very important role in paints and coatings, consumer products, medicinal delivery, and spray drying applications. On the other hand, distributing liquid mass more uniformly throughout the spray and increasing the fraction of liquid that impacts a target are key requirements in paints and coatings, spray cooling, and fire suppression applications. Injector designers face challenges in designing the atomization process for achieving the desired process output. Despite immense progress in laser diagnostics for spray flows, the reliable experimental data on atomization characteristics are still scarce due to measurement difficulties associated with the dense spray zones formed around the liquid jet core. As a result, application of empirical correlations for atomization flow characteristics has a very narrow range of applicability. It is therefore, essential to develop and apply new tools to enhance our understanding of the atomization process. Such an understanding will be useful in devising cost effective and reliable scale-up of spraying operations.
Super-Resolution Imaging of Molecular Emission Spectra and Single Molecule Spectral Fluctuations

Localization microscopy can image nanoscale cellular details. To address biological questions, the ability to distinguish multiple molecular species simultaneously is invaluable. Here, we present a new version of fluorescence photoactivation localization microscopy (FPALM) which detects the emission spectrum of each localized molecule, and can quantify changes in emission spectrum of individual molecules over time. This information can allow for a dramatic increase in the number of different species simultaneously imaged in a sample, and can create super-resolution maps showing how single molecule emission spectra vary with position and time in a sample.
Grasp Planning by Optimizing a Deep Learning Scoring Function

Learning deep networks from large simulation datasets is a promising approach for robot grasping, but previous work has so far been limited to the simplified problem of overhead, parallel-jaw grasps. This paper considers learning grasps in the full 6D position and orientation pose space for non-parallel-jaw grippers. We generate a database of millions of simulated successful and unsuccessful grasps for a three-fingered underactuated gripper and thousands of objects, and then learn a modified convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict grasp quality from overhead depth images of novel objects. To generate a valid grasp from the 6D pose space, we introduce a novel optimization-based method that optimizes current suboptimal grasps using the learned grasp quality function.
Association of Campylobacter jejuni Cj0859c Gene (fspA) Variants with Different C. jejuni Multilocus Sequence Types

ABSTRACT Cj0859c variants fspA1 and fspA2 from 669 human, poultry, and bovine Campylobacter jejuni strains were associated with certain hosts and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) types. Among the human and poultry strains, fspA1 was significantly (P < 0.001) more common than fspA2. FspA2 amino acid sequences were the most diverse and were often truncated.
Photodetector structures for standard CMOS imaging applications

In this investigation we show how a standard 0.5 mum twin-well CMOS process can be used for CMOS imaging. The process features a single-polysilicon layer, as well as three metal layers, and it is LOCOS based. We discuss various issues affecting photodetection tasks in CMOS imaging applications and present an extensive study of possible photodetector structures. Also, we propose a novel CMOS imaging pixel structure, which exceeds the standard CMOS 2-D imaging performance.
Molecular characterization of Acanthamoeba isolated from Kayseri well water

A 15-year-old female rhesus macaque was showing signs of bleeding from the vulva, while no other signs were noted. The animal was treated symptomatically with no improvement. On abdominal laparoscopy, a small transparent growth was discovered on both of the uterine horns, between the ovaries and fallopian tubes, and after thorough examination was diagnosed as a paraovarian cyst. The left cyst was larger (5-6 cm) than the right cyst (3-4 cm). Both of the cysts were smooth and transparent due to accumulated fluid. The cysts were aspirated and removed by bipolar laparoscopy cauterization.
Revisiting "Discrepancy analysis in continuing medical education: a conceptual model" 1983.

[Editor’s Note: In this preface, Dr. Fox reflects on what he sought to accomplish with the article he published in 1983 (reproduced below). He also comments on how well the concepts addressed in that article have held up over nearly 30 years of research and practice in continuing education for health professionals. ] If those responsible for offering continuing professional education cannot explain their successes or failures, one wonders if, in the next program, success can be repeated and failures avoided. Assessment is linked through theory to improvement. The purpose of this article was to introduce the notion of a discrepancy between what is and what ought to be—a gap analysis—as a means to assess needs and outcomes. Needs and outcomes were related to gaps in competencies, clinical performance, and patient health. The paper proposes that gaps in patient health before and after programs can be explained as either due to clinical performance or the effects of other factors (systems). It proposes that gaps in clinical performance can be attributed to gaps in competence or to other factors, such as barriers to change. This inductive and deductive reasoning and the formal explanations associated with gaps uncovered in assessments were
NONLINEAR INSTABILITY OF SOLUTIONS IN PARABOLIC AND HYPERBOLIC DIFFUSION

We consider semilinear evolution equations of the form $a(t)\partial_{tt}u + b(t) \partial_t u + Lu = f(x,u)$ and $b(t) \partial_t u + Lu = f(x,u),$ with possibly unbounded $a(t)$ and possibly sign-changing damping coefficient $b(t)$, and determine precise conditions for which linear instability of the steady state solutions implies nonlinear instability. More specifically, we prove that linear instability with an eigenfunction of fixed sign gives rise to nonlinear instability by either exponential growth or finite-time blow-up. We then discuss a few examples to which our main theorem is immediately applicable, including evolution equations with supercritical and exponential nonlinearities.
Matching Layers in Bragg Reflection Waveguides for Enhanced Nonlinear Interaction

Bragg reflection waveguides (BRWs) with matching layers placed between the core and claddings are proposed and analyzed as a means of enhancing the effective second-order optical nonlinearity. The addition of matching layers to conventional BRW structures provides extra degrees of freedom, which enable further optimization to enhance the nonlinear conversion efficiency. Pertinent parameters including overlap between modal profiles of the interacting waves, the group velocity mismatch and group velocity dispersion are examined. The structures studied in this work are designed using the GaAs-AlxGa1-x As material system. It is shown that, in comparison to phase-matched BRWs with no matching layers, the proposed structure benefits from relaxing the constraint over the phase-matched core thickness. For typical designs, it is shown that the new structure can provide over an order of magnitude enhancement in nonlinear coupling efficiency and 30% decrease in group velocity mismatch. It is also shown that the group velocity dispersion of the first and second harmonics are reduced by 10% and 52%, respectively.
Superadditive opercular activation to food flavor is mediated by enhanced temporal and limbic coupling

Food perception is characterized by a transition from initially separate sensations of the olfactory and gustatory properties of the object toward their combined sensory experience during consumption. The holistic flavor experience, which occurs as the smell and taste merge, extends beyond the mere addition of the two chemosensory modalities, being usually perceived as more object‐like, intense and rewarding. To explore the cortical mechanisms which give rise to olfactory–gustatory binding during natural food consumption, brain activation during consumption of a pleasant familiar beverage was contrasted with presentation of its taste and orthonasal smell alone. Convergent activation to all presentation modes was observed in executive and chemosensory association areas. Flavor, but not orthonasal smell or taste alone, stimulated the frontal operculum, supporting previous accounts of its central role in the formation of the flavor percept. A functional dissociation was observed in the insula: the anterior portion was characterized by sensory convergence, while mid‐dorsal sections activated exclusively to the combined flavor stimulus. psycho‐physiological interaction analyses demonstrated increased neural coupling between the frontal operculum and the anterior insula during flavor presentation. Connectivity was also increased with the lateral entorhinal cortex, a relay to memory networks and central node for contextual modulation of olfactory processing. These findings suggest a central role of the insular cortex in the transition from mere detection of chemosensory convergence to a superadditive flavor representation. The increased connections between the frontal operculum and medial temporal memory structures during combined olfactory–gustatory stimulation point to a potential mechanism underlying the acquisition and modification of flavor preferences. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1662–1676, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Children's Communication Checklist (CCC) scores in 11-year-old children with communication impairments.

BACKGROUND The pragmatic skills of children with communication disorders and their assessment are currently an issue for speech and language therapy and educational placement. AIMS To explore whether different subgroups of children with communication disorders score differently on the Children's Communication Checklist (CCC) and to study how they compare with published normative data. METHODS & PROCEDURES A sample of 161 eleven-year-old children with a history of communication disorders was assessed using the CCC. The main use of this questionnaire was to establish whether pragmatic impairments were part of a child's communication difficulty. Although the checklist was originally designed for research purposes, normative data for this scale have been recently published as well as group data from a number of different clinical groups. Whilst the present CCC data have been previously reported descriptively for a wider sample, they have not been examined in terms of subgroups or compared directly with normative information and similarly diagnosed individuals from other studies. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Of the children assessed, 52 (33%) scored in the normal range (within 1 SD) on the pragmatic scale, 40 (26%) fell between 1 and 2 SD below the normative mean, and 64 (41%) scored below 2 SD of the mean of typically developing children (aged 6-16 years). Thus, the majority (67%) scored out of the normal range for pragmatic skill at 11 years of age. The cohort was separated into four diagnostic subcategories: those with a definite diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorder (n=15); those with typical specific language impairment (n=82); generally impaired (n=37); and those with a clinical history of primary pragmatic language impairment (independent of CCC score, n=27). CONCLUSIONS Findings show that those generally impaired and with specific language impairment were less impaired than the other groups on the CCC pragmatic scale. There was a significant trend for those with autistic spectrum disorders to score lowest through pragmatic language impairment, generally impairment to specific language impairment. It is argued that a cut-off of 140 may prove more useful at this age than the 132 level previously published for 8 year olds. Results suggest that the CCC can be used as a clinical tool, but in conjunction with other reliable measures.
Hemoglobin Promotes Somatic Embryogenesis in Peanut Cultures

Critical parameters influencing somatic embryogenesis include growth regulators and oxygen supply. Consequently, the present investigation has focused on optimization of a somatic embryogenic system for peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) through media supplementation with the auxin, picloram. The latter at 30 mg L−1 was optimal for inducing regeneration of somatic embryos from cultured explants of zygotic embryos. In contrast, somatic embryogenesis did not occur in the absence of this growth regulator. An assessment has also been made of the beneficial effect on somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of the commercial hemoglobin (Hb) solution, ErythrogenTM. Hemoglobin at 1:50 and 1:100 (v:v) stimulated increases in mean fresh weight (up to a maximum of 57% over control), mean number of explants producing somatic embryos (15%) and mean number of somatic embryos per explant (29%).
The Multivalent PDZ Domain-containing Protein PDZK1 Regulates Transport Activity of Renal Urate-Anion Exchanger URAT1 via Its C Terminus*

The urate-anion exchanger URAT1 is a member of the organic anion transporter (OAT) family that regulates blood urate level in humans and is targeted by uricosuric and antiuricosuric agents (Enomoto, A., Kimura, H., Chairoungdua, A., Shigeta, Y., Jutabha, P., Cha, S. H., Hosoyamada, M., Takeda, M., Sekine, T., Igarashi, T., Matsuo, H., Kikuchi, Y., Oda, T., Ichida, K., Hosoya, T., Shimotaka, K., Niwa, T., Kanai, Y., and Endou, H. (2002) Nature 417, 447–452). URAT1 is expressed only in the kidney, where it is thought to participate in tubular urate reabsorption. We found that the multivalent PDZ (PSD-95, Drosophila discs-large protein, Zonula occludens protein 1) domain-containing protein, PDZK1 interacts with URAT1 in a yeast two-hybrid screen. Such an interaction requires the PDZ motif of URAT1 in its extreme intracellular C-terminal region and the first, second, and fourth PDZ domains of PDZK1 as identified by yeast two-hybrid assay, in vitro binding assay and surface plasmon resonance analysis (KD = 1.97–514 nm). Coimmunoprecipitation studies revealed that the wild-type URAT1, but not its mutant lacking the PDZ-motif, directly interacts with PDZK1. Colocalization of URAT1 and PDZK1 was observed at the apical membrane of renal proximal tubular cells. The association of URAT1 with PDZK1 enhanced urate transport activities in HEK293 cells (1.4-fold), and the deletion of the URAT1 C-terminal PDZ motif abolished this effect. The augmentation of the transport activity was accompanied by a significant increase in the Vmax of urate transport via URAT1 and was associated with the increased surface expression level of URAT1 protein from HEK293 cells stably expressing URAT1 transfected with PDZK1. Taken together, the present study indicates the novel role of PDZK1 in regulating the functional activity of URAT1-mediated urate transport in the apical membrane of renal proximal tubules.
Sequential response surface model method for the optimization design of SMES

The TEAM Workshop problem 22 deals with the optimization design of a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES). It is a benchmark optimization problem in electromagnetic device design. To address this problem, sequential response surface model method is presented in this paper. Compared with the direct optimization method, we can see that the number of finite element sample points can be obviously reduced by our proposed method.
An adaptive isodata fuzzy clustering algorithm with partial supervision

Semi-supervised learning uses large amount of unlabeled data, combined with labeled data, to guide the learning process. This paper introduces a new clustering algorithm with partial supervision based on an adaptive distance. The proposed method furnishes a fuzzy partition and a prototype for each cluster by optimizing a criterion based on an adaptive distance allowing the construction of partitions in ellipsoids format, in addition to spherical shape generated by the Euclidean distance. Experiments with real data sets show the usefulness of the proposed method by comparing with others adaptive and non-adaptive semi-supervised clustering algorithms in a clustering task.
On the Classification of Resonance-free

In this paper we consider the problem of classification of higher-rank abelian Anosov actions. These are actions of Z and R, k ≥ 2, by commuting diffeomorphisms of a compact manifold with at least one Anosov element. It is conjectured that all irreducible actions of this type are smoothly conjugate to algebraic models [10]. We will concentrate on Z actions. In this case, the algebraic models are actions by commuting automorphisms of tori and infranilmanifolds. We note the difference with the case of Anosov actions of Z , that is, Anosov diffeomorphisms. A well-known conjecture states that they are topologically conjugate to automorphisms of tori and infranilmanifolds. The conjugacy is typically only Hölder continuous, so a smooth classification of Anosov diffeomorphisms is impossible. Even the topological classification was obtained only for diffeomorphisms of infranilmanifolds and for diffeomorphisms of codimension 1 [2; 16; 17]. The study of higher-rank abelian actions originated in the work on Zimmer’s conjecture that the standard action of SL(n, Z) on T, n ≥ 3, is locally rigid. This means that any C1 small perturbation is smoothly conjugate to the original action. In the proof of this conjecture, the smoothness of the conjugacy was established using the action of a diagonalizable subgroup isomorphic to Zn−1 [5; 11]. This motivated Katok and Spatzier to study local rigidity for abelian actions; in [14], they established local rigidity for a broad class of algebraic Anosov actions of Z and R, k ≥ 2. The natural next step is to obtain a smooth conjugacy to an algebraic model for actions more general than C1 small perturbations of these models. This is referred to as global rigidity or classification. In [11], Katok and Lewis established the first global rigidity result for certain actions of Zn−1 on T. The actions they considered have n transversal onedimensional foliations that are stable foliations for some Anosov elements. Such actions are called maximal Cartan. Recently, this result was extended by Rodriguez Hertz [22] to a broader class of maximal actions on tori assuming the existence of one Anosov element. We note that the case of a torus (or infranilmanifold) is special. In this case, an Anosov element is known to be topologically conjugate to an automorphism, which gives topological conjugacy of the whole action to
Salient object detection based on spatiotemporal attention models

In this paper we propose a method for automatic detection of salient objects in video streams. The movie is firstly segmented into shots based on a scale space filtering graph partition method. Next, we introduced a combined spatial and temporal video attention model. The proposed approach combines a region-based contrast saliency measure with a novel temporal attention model. The camera/background motion is determined using a set of homographic transforms, estimated by recursively applying the RANSAC algorithm on the SIFT interest point correspondence, while other types of movements are identified using agglomerative clustering and temporal region consistency. A decision is taken based on the combined spatial and temporal attention models. Finally, we demonstrate how the extracted saliency map can be used to create segmentation masks. The experimental results validate the proposed framework and demonstrate that our approach is effective for various types of videos, including noisy and low resolution data.
Functional development of the vibrissae somatosensory system of the rat: (14C) 2‐deoxyglucose metabolic mapping study

Functional development of the rat whisker somatosensory system was studied by using the (14C) 2‐deoxyglucose (2DG) metabolic mapping technique. Restrained rat pups had their left mystacial vibrissae stroked for 30 minutes and their brains harvested, sectioned, and autoradiographed from the level of the lower medulla to the frontal cortex. Subjects were tested at postnatal days (PNDs) 0–9 and 21.