Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Affected parent sex and severity of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: a retrospective cohort study

Objective: Parental inheritance may differentially affect autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) severity via genetic imprinting or in utero epigenetic modifications; however, evidence is inconsistent. We conducted a longitudinal retrospective cohort study to assess the association between sex of the affected parent and time to hypertension diagnosis, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and death in patients with the PKD1 genotype. Materials and methods: 814 individuals who participated in research at the University of Colorado were studied. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed. The predictor was parental sex, and outcomes were diagnosis of hypertension, progression to ESRD, and death. We also examined associations in four strata according to affected parent and participant sex, as previous studies have reported earlier onset of ESRD in males compared to females. Results: The median follow-up for each outcome was as follows: hypertension, 30 (interquartile range (IQR): 18, 37); ESRD, 43 (IQR: 31, 52), death 39 (IQR: 25, 52) years of age. Among affected offspring in the entire cohort, there was no difference in hypertension diagnosis (p = 0.97) or progression to ESRD (p = 0.79) according to affected parent sex; however, participants with an affected mother were more likely to die than participants with an affected father (p < 0.05). In stratified analyses, males were more likely than females to develop hypertension and reach ESRD when the affected parent was the father (p < 0.01) but not when the affected parent was the mother (p ≥ 0.11). Conclusions: Our results are largely in contrast to the hypothesis that severity of ADPKD is worse with maternal inheritance of disease.
A deep learning method based on hybrid auto-encoder model

In order to make Auto-Encoder improve the ability of feature learning in training, reduce dimensionality and extract advanced features of more abstract features from mass original data, it can improve the classification results ultimately. The paper proposes a deep learning method based on hybrid Auto-Encoder model, the method is that CAE (Contractive Auto-Encoder) and traditional neural network SRBM (Sparse Restricted Boltzmann Machine) are combined to form a hybrid Auto-Encoder network to train dataset. This model is constructed to achieve a variety of neural network between functionally complementary advantages and strengthening reducing dimensionality, extracting more “good” feature and enhancing the learning ability of the hybrid model. In order to speed up the convergence rate of hybrid model parameters, when training update parameters, we add a method of updating parameters which is Polyak Averaging. The experimental results show that the hybrid model can extract more accurate features and improve the accuracy of classification. Polyak Averaging accelerates the speed of convergence of the model. It is demonstrated a comparison of the classification accuracy with the single stacked two layer CAE training model experimentally, the classification accuracy of the model is proved to be better.
Unstable Housing and Caregiver and Child Health in Renter Families

In this study, we demonstrate associations between housing instability and the health of young children and their caregivers among low-income families in rental housing. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate how 3 forms of housing instability relate to caregiver and child health among low-income renter households. METHODS: Caregivers of children 0 to 48 months of age were interviewed in 5 urban medical centers from May 2009 to December 2015. Caregivers reported on the following: caregiver health, maternal depressive symptoms, child’s health, lifetime hospitalizations, developmental risk, and 3 housing circumstances, which were categorized as being behind on rent in the past 12 months, multiple moves (≥ 2 in past 12 months), and child’s lifetime history of homelessness. Associations with caregiver and child health outcomes were examined through multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: Of 22 324 families, 34% had at least 1 of the following adverse housing circumstances: 27% had been behind on rent, 8% had made multiple moves, and 12% had a history of being homeless. Overlap between these was limited; 86% experienced only 1 adverse housing circumstance. Each circumstance was individually associated with increased adjusted odds of adverse health and material hardship compared with stable housing. Households behind on rent had increased adjusted odds of fair and/or poor caregiver health (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.77–2.05), maternal depressive symptoms (aOR: 2.71; 95% CI: 2.51–2.93), child lifetime hospitalizations (aOR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.10–1.27), fair and/or poor child health (aOR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.28–1.56), and household material hardships. Families with multiple moves and history of homelessness had similar adverse caregiver, child, health, and hardship outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Three forms of housing instability were associated with adverse caregiver and child health among low-income renter households. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends social screening within health care; providers could consider assessing for behind on rent, multiple moves, and homelessness in high-risk practices.
Pharmacogenetics of irinotecan, doxorubicin and docetaxel transporters in Asian and Caucasian cancer patients: a comparative review

Abstract Drug efflux and influx transporters play critical roles in regulating the cellular drug disposition and modulating the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-cancer agents, which may potentially alter treatment outcomes. The efficiency of drug transport is often dependent on the expression and activity of these membrane-bound proteins, factors which have been shown to be regulated by genes that are known to be highly polymorphic in different ethnic populations. The role of drug transporters becomes even more critical for anti-cancer agents due to the narrow therapeutic windows that separate treatment response and toxicities for these agents. Moreover, high inter-individual variability in the disposition of anti-cancer agents often results in variable treatment outcomes among patients receiving standard doses of the same drug. Such variability has been attributed at least in part to polymorphisms in genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporter. To date, numerous pharmacogenetic studies have investigated the associations between variants in the ABC and SLC transporters genes with drug disposition, treatment outcomes and drug-induced toxicities. However, the strengths of these associations and their clinical relevance in different ethnic populations have not been critically examined. This review aims to summarize and evaluate the implications of pharmacogenetic variants in the ABC and SLC transporters genes on the pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes of three anti-cancer agents: irinotecan, docetaxel and doxorubicin in Caucasian and Asian patients.
Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

OBJECTIVES Different studies have investigate depressive symptom degree within sleep disordered patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, little is known and unclear about OSA in patients with depression symptom in the literature. The purpose of this study was to investigate patients with OSA would have a higher prevalence of depression symptom relative to control patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS 72 patients with OSA (AHI ≥ 5) and 24 control subjects (AHI < 5) were assessed for depression symptom using the Beck Depression Inventory. Participants were underwent an overnight polysomnography assessment. An apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 5 events per hour was used as diagnosis for OSA. The associations between each total score on the Beck Depressive Inventory (BDI) and polysomnographic parameters were examined by correlation analysis. RESULTS We demonstrated that BDI scores has statistically significant correlation with the OSA in our present study according to similar previous studies (p= 0.008). Oxygen Desaturation Index (ODI) has correlated with BDI (r= 0.31). CONCLUSION These findings show that the frequency depression symptom is higher among individuals with OSA. Patients with OSA should be screened cautiously for depressive disorders.
68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT Mapping of Prostate Cancer Biochemical Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy in 270 Patients with a PSA Level of Less Than 1.0 ng/mL: Impact on Salvage Radiotherapy Planning

Target volume delineations for prostate cancer (PCa) salvage radiotherapy (SRT) after radical prostatectomy are usually drawn in the absence of visibly recurrent disease. 68Ga-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA-11) PET/CT detects recurrent PCa with sensitivity superior to standard-of-care imaging at serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values low enough to affect target volume delineations for routine SRT. Our objective was to map the recurrence pattern of PCa early biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy with 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in patients with serum PSA levels of less than 1 ng/mL, determine how often consensus clinical target volumes (CTVs) based on the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) guidelines cover 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT-defined disease, and assess the potential impact of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT on SRT. Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of an intention-to-treat population of 270 patients who underwent 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT at 4 institutions for BCR after prostatectomy without prior radiotherapy at a PSA level of less than 1 ng/mL. RTOG consensus CTVs that included both the prostate bed and the pelvic lymph nodes were contoured on the CT dataset of the PET/CT image by a radiation oncologist masked to the PET component. 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT images were analyzed by a nuclear medicine physician. 68Ga-PSMA-11–positive lesions not covered by planning volumes based on the consensus CTVs were considered to have a potential major impact on treatment planning. Results: The median PSA level at the time of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT was 0.48 ng/mL (range, 0.03–1 ng/mL). One hundred thirty-two of 270 patients (49%) had a positive 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT result. Fifty-two of 270 (19%) had at least one PSMA-11–positive lesion not covered by the consensus CTVs. Thirty-three of 270 (12%) had extrapelvic PSMA-11–positive lesions, and 19 of 270 (7%) had PSMA-11–positive lesions within the pelvis but not covered by the consensus CTVs. The 2 most common 68Ga-PSMA-11–positive lesion locations outside the consensus CTVs were bone (23/52, 44%) and perirectal lymph nodes (16/52, 31%). Conclusion: Post hoc analysis of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT implied a major impact on SRT planning in 52 of 270 patients (19%) with PCa early BCR (PSA < 1.0 ng/mL). This finding justifies a randomized imaging trial of SRT with or without 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT investigating its potential benefit on clinical outcome.
Genetic diversity of Jiangsu native chicken breeds assessed with the mitochondrial DNA D-loop region

ABSTRACT 1. The objective of this study was to determine the origin and evolution of chickens from 5 native breeds that are traditionally raised in Jiangsu Province. 2. To address this question, the complete mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequence of 149 chickens from 5 native breeds of Jiangsu Province was analysed. 3. Sequence read lengths of the native breeds were 1231 to 1232 bp, with a single-base deletion from the 859 bp site in the 1231 bp haplotype. A total of 33 variable sites that defined 19 haplotypes were identified. The average haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were 0.862 ± 0.017 and 0.00591 ± 0.00135. 4. Phylogenetic analysis showed that genetic structure of the mtDNA haplotypes of Jiangsu chickens are distributed across 5 clades (haplogroups): Clades A, B, C, D, and E. However, most of the individuals characterised in this study belonged to clades A and B. 5. The results of this study indicate that Jiangsu chicken populations have relatively low nucleotide and haplotype diversity and likely share 5 common maternal lineages.
Reviews and syntheses: Soil N 2 O and NO emissions from land use and land-use change in the tropics and subtropics: a meta-analysis

Abstract. Deforestation and forest degradation in the tropics may substantially alter soil N-oxide emissions. It is particularly relevant to accurately quantify those changes to properly account for them in a REDD+ climate change mitigation scheme that provides financial incentives to reduce the emissions. With this study we provide updated land use (LU)-based emission rates (104 studies, 392 N2O and 111 NO case studies), we determine the trend and magnitude of flux changes with land-use change (LUC) using a meta-analysis approach (44 studies, 135 N2O and 37 NO cases) and evaluate biophysical drivers of N2O and NO emissions and emission changes for the tropics. The average N2O and NO emissions in intact upland tropical forest amounted to 2.0 ± 0.2 (n = 90) and 1.7 ± 0.5 (n = 36) kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively. In agricultural soils annual N2O emissions were exponentially related to N fertilization rates and average water-filled pore space (WFPS) whereas in non-agricultural sites a Gaussian response to WFPS fit better with the observed NO and N2O emissions. The sum of soil N2O and NO fluxes and the ratio of N2O to NO increased exponentially and significantly with increasing nitrogen availability (expressed as NO3− / [NO3−+NH4+]) and WFPS, respectively; following the conceptual Hole-In-the-Pipe model. Nitrous and nitric oxide fluxes did not increase significantly overall as a result of LUC (Hedges's d of 0.11 ± 0.11 and 0.16 ± 0.19, respectively), however individual LUC trajectories or practices did. Nitrous oxide fluxes increased significantly after intact upland forest conversion to croplands (Hedges's d = 0.78 ± 0.24) and NO increased significantly following the conversion of low forest cover (secondary forest younger than 30 years, woodlands, shrublands) (Hedges's d of 0.44 ± 0.13). Forest conversion to fertilized systems significantly and highly raised both N2O and NO emission rates (Hedges's d of 1.03 ± 0.23 and 0.52 ± 0.09, respectively). Changes in nitrogen availability and WFPS were the main factors explaining changes in N2O emissions following LUC, therefore it is important that experimental designs monitor their spatio-temporal variation. Gaps in the literature on N oxide fluxes included geographical gaps (Africa, Oceania) and LU gaps (degraded forest, wetland (notably peat) forest, oil palm plantation and soy cultivation).
Multi-Criteria Optimization of Content Delivery within the Future Media Internet. (Optimisation Multi-Critères pour la Diffusion Vidéo au sein de l'Internet Media du Futur)

Single-source HTTP Adaptive Streaming solutions (HAS) have become the de-facto solutions to deliver video over the Internet mostly due to their capabilities to increase end-user’s Quality of Experience (QoE) as well as their ease of deployment due to the usage of the HTTP protocol. Although HAS solutions can increase QoE by trading off the delivered video quality to minimize the number of video freezing events, they are limited by the bandwidth available on the considered communication channel between the client and the server. This thesis exposes our contributions in building lightweight pragmatic and evolving solutions advocating for the simultaneous usage of multiple sources with heterogeneous capacities so as to achieve high QoE content delivery at low cost. The first contribution of this work presents a streaming solution extending HAS capabilities to a pragmatic multi-server technique: MS-Stream. MS-Stream provides the means to exploit expanded bandwidth and link diversity in distributed heterogeneous network infrastructures. In our second contribution, we propose MATHIAS, a client-side two-phase consumption and adaptation algorithm implemented into MSStream. MATHIAS aims at increasing the end-user’s perceived streaming quality while utilizing the most of the heterogeneous capacities offered at the service and network environments. Finally, we further extend the QoE and scalability capabilities of MS-Stream and MATHIAS by leveraging on clients’ connectivity capacities and we expose our third contribution: a hybrid P2P/Multi-server live-Streaming system (PMS ) incorporating distributed quality and scalability adaptation mechanisms.
Visual Event-Related Potentials to Novel Objects Predict Rapid Word Learning Ability in 20-Month-Olds

ABSTRACT In an event-related potentials (ERP) study, twenty-month-old children (n = 37) were presented with pseudowords to map to novel object referents in five presentations. Quicker attenuation of the visual Negative central component (Nc) to novel objects predicted a larger difference in N400 amplitude between congruous and incongruous presentations of pseudowords at test. Furthermore, better initial recognition of familiar objects (Nc difference between familiar and novel objects) predicted the strength of the N400 incongruity effect to the verbal labels of these real objects. This study presents novel evidence for a link between efficient visual processing of objects and word learning ability.
MIMO Self-Coherent OFDM

Self-coherent orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) was introduced to wireless communications as a promising physical layer technique due to its complete immunity against phase noise, simple radio frequency (RF) front-end receiver, and good spectral efficiency achievability. In this paper, we propose an Alamouti coded multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) self-coherent OFDM and analyze its performance in terms of diversity order. We prove theoretically that the system exhibits a diversity loss due to a doubly fading effect experienced by both the RF carrier and OFDM subcarriers. To compensate this loss, we exploit the smart carrier positioning (SCP) technique in conjunction with the proposed system. We present a novel diversity analysis, which proves the system with SCP approaches full diversity. Finally, we show by simulations that the system with SCP outperforms the other known non-coherent OFDM schemes as well as the conventional MIMO-OFDM, when phase noise presents.
N 93-32106 Man-Machine Cooperation in Advanced Teleoperation

Teleoperation experiments at JPL have shown that advanced features in a telerobotic system are a necessary condition for good results, but that they are not sufficient to assure consistent good performance by the operators. Two or three operators are normally used during training and experiments to maintain the desired performance. An alternative to this multi-operator control station is a man-machine interface embedding computer programs that can perform some of the operators functions. In this paper we present our first experiments with these concepts, in which we focused on the areas of real time task monitoring and interactive path planning. In the first case, when performing a known task, the operator has an automatic aid for setting control parameters and camera views. In the second case, an interactive path planner will rank different path alternatives so that the operator will make the correct control decision. The monitoring function has been implemented with a neural network doing the real-time task segmentation. The interactive path planner has been implemented for redundant manipulators to specify arm configurations across the desired path and _atisfy geometric, task and performance constraints.
Navigation in electronic worlds: a CHI 97 workshop

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UC Santa Cruz UC Santa Cruz Previously

Clock distribution networks consume a significant portion of total chip power in high-performance designs. Resonant clocks are one proposed method to lower this power in modern designs as well as a fewer required clock buffers. Recent resonant solutions are limited to optimal performance at one particular frequency which is problematic since dynamic frequency scaling is often used to lower overall system power. This paper introduces the first scheme to produce a clock distribution network with a tunable resonant frequency. Experimental results show the resonant frequency ranges from 1.2GHz to 2.6GHz while saving up to 41% of the power on the clock distribution network when compared to the non-resonant distribution.
Differential evolution for optimizing motion planning of mobile robot

The demand for faster, more precise and more sophisticated solutions in industrial robotics is growing more and more. People keep seeking for a better solution for robotic problems in general and mobile robots in particularly to meet this demand. In this paper, we propose a new evolutionary approach called Differential Evolution (DE) that can be employed to optimize the path planning task for mobile robots. The path not only needs to be optimized but also needs to be easy to traverse for non-holonomicity. Therefore, the path smoothening B-spline technique is integrated with the DE approach to provide traversable path for mobile robots. Our system has been implemented and evaluated on an Aria mobile robot in both simulated and real environments.