Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Problem Posing Strategies on Students’ Learning of Mathematics

umitkul@artvin.edu. tr 2 PhD, Faculty of Education, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey, sedefcelik@artvin.edu. tr Abstract: This is a review of experimental research in which students have been taught to pose mathematical problems as a means of developing their learning. Hence, the aim of the research is to combine the empirical evidence regarding the functionality of problem posing strategies and to explore the aspects which could influence the integration of problem posing in mathematical education. In this direction, a metaanalysis approach was utilized in this study. 20 experimental research published between years of 2000 and 2020 are contained in this research and 31 effect sizes were computed. According to random effects model, it was found that problem posing strategy has significant impact on learners’ problem-solving skills, mathematics achievement, level of problems posed, and attitudes towards mathematics (ES = 1.328; 1.142; 1.152; 0.643; p=0.05). These effects also were analyzed according to methodological and instructional variables. The findings obtained in the research was discussed in the light of the literature and suggestions were made for the future studies.
Influence of Supplements and Drugs used for the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Disorders on Adult Human Tendon-Derived Stem Cells

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Cell research/Lab study SUMMARY Background. Recent findings indicate that the connective tissue of tendons hosts cells that can self-renew and are multipotent. Even if these cells seemingly fail to accomplish tendon regeneration in pathological conditions, their identification and characterization represents a milestone in the research and development of new biological therapies for tendinopathies. Methods. We isolated the adult human tendon-derived stem cells (hTDSCs) from the fragments of patellar or calcaneal tendons and characterized these cells in vitro by immunochemistry and histochemistry. Subsequently, the MTT test and Trypan Blue were used for the evaluation of cytotoxicity of the supplements/drugs commonly used for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders: Curcumin, Hyaluronic Acid, Palmitoylethanolamide, Diclofenac sodium, Triamcinolone acetonide and Thiocolchicoside. Results. Cells obtained by outgrowth expressed mesenchymal markers, were clonogenic and differentiated into chondroblasts, osteoblasts and adipocytes. High concentrations of the anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid Triamcinolone and the analgesic fatty-acid amide Palmitoylethanolamide significantly reduced cell viability. Only curcumin had a positive effect on cell survival, both in the normal and oxidative stress conditions. Conclusions. Adult human tendons posses stem cells. The influence of several drugs or supplements used for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders should be taken into consideration in order to take the full advantage of the healing properties of stem cells within tendons.
Neurophysiological and Psychological Consequences of Social Exclusion: The Effects of Cueing In-Group and Out-Group Status

Abstract Exclusion by outgroups is often attributed to external factors such as prejudice. Recently, event-related potential studies have demonstrated that subtle cues influence expectations of exclusion, altering the P3b response to inclusion or exclusion. We investigated whether a visual difference between participants and interaction partners could activate expectations of exclusion, indexed by P3b activity, and whether this difference would influence psychological responses to inclusion and exclusion. Participants played a ball-tossing game with two computer-controlled coplayers who were believed to be real. One period involved fair play inclusion while the other involved partial exclusion. Avatars represented participants, with their color matching participant skin tone, and either matching or differing from the color of coplayer avatars. This created the impression that the participant was an ingroup or outgroup member. While ingroup members elicited enhanced P3b activation when receiving the ball during exclusion, outgroup members showed this pattern for both inclusion and exclusion, suggesting that they formed robust a-priori expectations of exclusion. Self-reports indicated that while these expectations were psychologically protective during exclusion, they were detrimental during inclusion. Ultimately, this study reveals that expectations of exclusion can be formed purely based on visual group differences, regardless of the actual minority or majority status of individuals.
Patent Similarity Data and Innovation Metrics

We introduce and describe the Patent Similarity Dataset, comprising vector space model&#8208;based similarity scores for U.S. utility patents. The dataset provides approximately 640 million pre&#8208;calculated similarity scores, as well as the code and computed vectors required to calculate further pairwise similarities. In addition to the raw data, we introduce measures that leverage patent similarity to provide insight into innovation and intellectual property law issues of interest to both scholars and policymakers. Code is provided in accompanying scripts to assist researchers in obtaining the dataset, joining it with other available patent data, and using it in their research.
The Prognostic Role of Micro-RNAs in Head and Neck Cancers: An Umbrella Review

We conducted an umbrella review which synthetizes the findings of systematic reviews available in the literature that investigate the prognostic role of miRNAs as potential biomarkers in the field of tertiary prevention of head and neck Cancer (HNC). We selected systematic reviews in English related to HNC, with meta-analysis of observational studies that reported quantitative prognostic measures, hazard ratios (HRs), overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS). The methodological quality of the included reviews was assessed by using the AMSTAR-2 tool. The most reported miRNAs were the following: miRNA2, Let7 family and miR17, etc. Four out of six reviews particularly emphasized the link between miRNA21 expression and HNC patients. Recently the cumulative effects of sets of miRNAs have been increasingly studied and might be a stronger predictor of survival than single miRNA.
High performance, advanced-internal-magnesium-infiltration (AIMI) MgB2 wires processed using a vapor-solid reaction route

MgB2 superconducting wires made using a Mg infiltration method have reached a higher performance than either in-situ or ex-situ mixed powder based routes. Indeed, very high layer Jc coupled with whole-strand Je (critical current per total strand cross section) exceeding 104 A cm−2 at 4.2 K, 10 T have been found for monocore MgB2 wires. However, previous multicore infiltration route wires have not reached their potential for Je due to partially reacted and non-uniform MgB2 layers. This study shows that 18-core MgB2 AIMI wires processed using a low temperature route can attain higher and more uniform Je values due to a more uniform MgB2 reaction layer. The formation of fully reacted, uniform MgB2 layers is attributed to the switch from a liquid-solid to a vapor-solid reaction route.
Hepatoprotective effect of hyoscyamus albus leaves on carbon tetrachloride-induced an acute hepatotoxicity on rats

Objective: The goal of this present work is to evaluate the anti-hepatotoxicity activity in vivo of the methanolic extract of Hyoscyamus albus’ leaves (HAMeOH) on Wistar rats against CCl4 induced liver damage. Methods: The animals were divided into seven groups with five rats in each group. CCl4 (2 mL Kg -1 b.w.) was injected subcutaneously in the second and the third day of the experiment, and the methanolic extracts of HAMeOH (100 and 200 mg/ kg b.w.) was given by gavage fifth day of the experiment. The extracts prevented liver damage caused by CCl4, as noted by the significant decrease in serum aminotransferases release and the alkaline phosphatase activities. This extracts decrease the necrosis effect of CCl4 in the histological examination. Results: Serum ALAT and ASAT and ALP activities significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner in treatment groups with extracts. Histological examination showed liver damage in HAMeOH-treated groups lower.
To What Extent Biomass Burning Aerosols Impact South America Seasonal Climate Predictions?

We applied the Goddard Earth Observing System for subseasonal to seasonal climate prediction to assess the impact of inclusion biomass burning (BB) aerosols over South America (SA) during the austral winter. We also evaluated the model sensitivity to the BB emissions prescription using no emissions, monthly climatological, and daily emissions. Each hindcast consisted of four members running from June to November of each year between 2000 and 2015. Our results indicated that interactive BB aerosols improve the seasonal climate prediction performance over SA. More realistic daily based emissions significantly further improve the performance in comparison with the climatological ones. Therefore, improvements in the BB emissions representation are urged to represent the aerosol impacts on seasonal climate prediction performance adequately.
Fully Automatic Segmentation and Landmarking of Hip CT Images

We present a fully automatic method of segmenting and landmarking hip CT images for planning of Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA). Our method consists of two stages, i.e., the segmentation stage and the landmarking stage. At the segmentation stage, a multi-atlas segmentation constrained graph method is employed to fully automatically segment both the pelvis and the bilateral proximal femurs from the input CT data. The segmentation stage is followed by the landmarking stage, where a set of pre-defined landmarks are transferred from generic models of the associated hip structures to the input CT space via non-rigid registrations in order to compute a set of functional parameters that are relevant to planning of THA. Evaluated on 20 hip patients, we computed both the segmentation accuracy and the landmarking accuracy. An average segmentation error of 0.38 ± 0.25 mm and 0.49 ± 0.22 mm was found for the hemi-pelvis and for the proximal femurs, respectively. For 3D landmarking, a mean error of 1.58 ± 0.87 mm and 0.46 ± 0.39 mm was found for the acetabular rim center and the acetabular rim radius, respectively; a mean error of 0.74±0.45 was found for the orientation of the anterior pelvic plane; and a mean error of 3.14 ± 1.90 mm and 2.04 ± 1.61 mm was found for the femoral head center and the femoral offset, respectively.
Using Convolutional Neural Networks for Muon detection in WCD tank

The aim of this paper is to study the possibility of improving the gamma/hadron discrimination in extensive air showers. For this purpose, the identification of hadronic extensive air showers is carried out by means of the detection of muons in water Cherenkov detectors (WCDs). Machine learning algorithms have proven to be useful in a wide variety of fields, and due to their outstanding performance in problems involving complex data, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been used in the analysis of the signals measured by the WCDs. Taking simulated events, different approaches were proposed attending to the balance of the classes in the training stage. The results obtained are promising and show that machine learning algorithms provide a powerful tool for muon detection and gamma/hadron discrimination to be considered in future gamma-rays detectors like The Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray Observatory (SWGO) to be built in South America.
Design And Manufacture Of Continuous Automatic 3D Printing Device With Conveyor System By Image Processing Technology

In parallel with the technological developments, especially manufacturing and automation, many areas are experiencing new developments in the all world. These revolutionary technological developments are mentioned with different names (4th industrial revolution, digital transformation, etc.) and new inventions are present under different disciplines. Among all these developments, the most important advancements are the field of manufacturing. In recent years, 3D printing technologies can be said to have noteworthy studies in many countries. 3D printing technologies make it easy to manufacture complex parts. Although 3D printing is a new technology, it has been rapidly spreading in many other sectors, especially in education. However, these devices have a significant disadvantage. 3D printing technologies depend on a user. After the manufactured part, the parts need to be removed from the manufacture table for a new manufacturing. This prevents 3D printing technologies from becoming a mass production tool. In this study, design and manufacturing of the continuous automatic 3D printing device based on image processing method with the conveyor system will be performed. Also, the error rate of the surface quality of the samples was determined by the image processing method. Due to the ability to print continuously without user intervention, it will be increased the capacity and the functionality of the manufacture volume of 3D printing technologies.
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF BIFENTHRIN IN WATER AND SOIL

Three fungal strains isolated from bifenthrin acclimatized laboratory soil were evaluated for their bifenthrin degradation capacity in broth. Aspergillus flavus was found to be more effective than Aspergillus niger in using bifenthrin as a carbon source as it could degrade 53.4% in comparison to Aspergillus niger which degraded only 28.9% of bifenthrin in 40 days. Maximum degradation 58.9% was found with Achaetomium strumarium. In control broth only 6.3% degradation was observed in 40 days. A bacterial strain Serratia marcescens, L-11, which was reported as a biosurfactant producing strain and PAH degrader in earlier studies was also used for bifenthrin degradation and 57.1% degradation was observed in 31 days. All the three fungal strains showed good compatibility although Aspergillus niger grew very fast and Aspergillus flavus was the slowest growing fungus. Mixed culture of Aspergillus flavus and Achaetomium strumarium degraded 80.4% of bifenthrin in just 30 days. Compatibility of these fungi was also tested with bacterial strain L-11 and they showed good compatibility with each other. Serratia sp. of bacteria is known to produce biosurfactant and this strain also showed a very good emulsifying capacity with oils. Therefore with a view to increase the bioavailability of bifenthrin for degradation this bacterial strain was also used in mixture. Mixture of these fungi with Serratia marcescens, L-11 could degrade 86.9% bifenthrin in the same period. The half lives of bifenthrin with Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Achaetomium strumarium and Serratia marcescens, L-11 were 81.3, 34.2, 30.7 and 24.3 days respectively. Mixed culture of two fungi when used in broth, the half-life of bifenthrin degradation declined to 12.0 days. The half-life of bifenthrin degradation with mixture of 2 fungi and Serratia marcescens, L-11 was observed as 10 days. The consortia can be used for bioremediation of bifenthrin.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the hybrid grouper Epinephelus akaara♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus♂

Abstract In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Epinephelus akaara × Epinephelus lanceolatus has been presented. The mitochondrial genome is 16,795 bp long and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA, 22 tRNA, and a D-loop region. The phylogenetic analysis by neighbour-joining (MJ) method showed that the hybrid grouper has the closer relationship to E. akaara.
Intersections of race and skills in European migration to Asia: between white cultural capital and “passive whiteness”

ABSTRACT Singapore used to be receptive to labour migration and Japan more restrictive. Recently, trends in both countries have reversed and a selection based on racial background has been noted by migrants. Using qualitative data of young white Europeans, this paper argues that amidst changing immigration policies, the way these migrants are received and perceived as “skilled” is not necessarily due to their acquired skills but rather to the passively accrued value of whiteness. This in turn fuels migrants’ self-identification as white and their perceptions of a market demand for white foreigners. However, their migratory trajectories underline that in a changing landscape of skill appreciation, meanings of whiteness are changing, too. The paper links migration with critical whiteness studies and argues that white privilege is sustained differently in Singapore and Japan, yet that in both cases, whiteness increasingly acts passively rather than being actionable capital and that its benefits are questionable.
Annual Capture of Two Elachistidae Moth Species Using Stenoma catenifer Sex Pheromone in Criollo Avocado (Persea americana) at Chiapas, Mexico

Abstract. Native varieties of avocado (Persea americana Mill) called “Criollo” grow in Mexico, but little is known of their association with the seed borer moth, Stenoma catenifer (Walsingham). S. catenifer is the best-known pest of ‘Hass’ avocado fruit. The S. catenifer sex pheromone was used to capture male S. catenifer in Criollo avocado orchards at different elevations at Chiapas, Mexico from September 2012 to August 2013. Polynomial regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between numbers of moths caught and weather factors (precipitation and temperature). We thought temperature and precipitation might affect the moths captured. Initial S. catenifer captures coincided with crop flowering and presence of avocado fruit, independently of the altitude at the site. S. catenifer was caught frequently at the low-altitude site from December to January, while captures increased from February to May at higher altitude. Moths captured and precipitation were positively correlated at the low-altitude site; moths captured were correlated with temperature but not with rainfall at the high-altitude site. As expected, S. catenifer pheromone also attracted Antaeotricha nictitans (Zeller) in the avocado crop. Interestingly, A. nictitans was captured in all seasons, even in larger numbers than S. catenifer. A new unidentified moth species in the Elachistidae family was present from late May to 10 July and was more abundant at Site 2.
A Simple Convergence Proof of Adam and Adagrad

We provide a simple proof of convergence covering both the Adam and Adagrad adaptive optimization algorithms when applied to smooth (possibly non-convex) objective functions with bounded gradients. We show that in expectation, the squared norm of the objective gradient averaged over the trajectory has an upper-bound which is explicit in the constants of the problem, parameters of the optimizer and the total number of iterations $N$. This bound can be made arbitrarily small: Adam with a learning rate $\alpha=1/\sqrt{N}$ and a momentum parameter on squared gradients $\beta_2=1-1/N$ achieves the same rate of convergence $O(\ln(N)/\sqrt{N})$ as Adagrad. Finally, we obtain the tightest dependency on the heavy ball momentum among all previous convergence bounds for non-convex Adam and Adagrad, improving from $O((1-\beta_1)^{-3})$ to $O((1-\beta_1)^{-1})$. Our technique also improves the best known dependency for standard SGD by a factor $1 - \beta_1$.
Cursos de Bacharelado em Bioquímica no Brasil

No Brasil há apenas três graduações em Bioquímica, mesmo depois do grande desenvolvimento dessa área do conhecimento ocorrido nas últimas décadas. A investigação sobre esse atraso histórico indica ser ele advindo de um conjunto de condições e não de políticas intencionais. Buscando entender o processo de implantação dos bacharelados em andamento, as dificuldades enfrentadas e os aperfeiçoamentos conquistados foram entrevistados os protagonistas da implantação e da gestão desses cursos. As dificuldades na implementação foram diferentes em cada uma das Universidades. As características dos cursos, suas ênfases e seus objetivos declarados também variam. Por outro lado, as três instituições ajustaram-se às suas condições estruturais e contam com um corpo docente entusiasmado e satisfeito com os resultados obtidos. Muitas dificuldades iniciais, como o desconhecimento da carreira, o registro em Conselhos de classe e a falta de formação específica dos docentes estão superadas ou atenuadas. As respostas dos alunos entrevistados foram tratadas por meio da estratégia de nuvens de palavras. Os resultados indicam que a principal motivação para a procura do curso foi “fazer ciência”. A apreciação que os estudantes fazem do curso é amplamente favorável, coincidindo com a opinião dos professores e dos egressos. O resultado geral obtido pela análise da implementação e do funcionamento dos cursos estimula fortemente a criação de novas graduações em Bioquímica.
Characterization of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes with respect to heat stress tolerance and spot blotch resistance

Twelve wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) genotypes were characterized with respect to heat stress and spot blotch diseaseunder four environmental conditions viz. no stress (E1), stress due to spot blotch (E2), heat stress (E3) and combined stress (E4) alongwith molecular characterization using 28 SSR markers(associated with tolerance against heat stress and resistance against spot blotch disease). The experimental materials were evaluated in randomized block design (RBD) factorial. Observation on 1000-grain weight, grain filling duration (GFD), plant height, peduncle length, spike length, disease severity and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) were recorded. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes for all the traits under consideration. Genotype × environment were found non-significant. The lowest performance of the genotypes under combined stress condition (E4) was recorded. The individual impact of heat stress with respect to performance of the genotype was found significantly higher than that caused by spot blotch disease. Raj 3765 for 1000-grain weight, WH 760 for GFD, Yangmai-6 for plant height, PBW 343 for peduncle length and HD 2733 for spike length, showed stable performance across the environment. On the basis of stress susceptibility index (SSI) the genotypes WH 760, DBW 14 and Raj 3765 were found better for the characters, 1000-grain weight and GFD. The overall disease severity was found maximum under heat stress condition. Similarly genotypes were having relatively more AUDPC under heat stress condition. The twenty eight SSR markers detected total 244 alleles in 12 genotypes, the number of alleles per locus varied from four in Xgwm133a and Xgwm456 to twenty three in Xgwm293with an average of 6.5 alleles per locus. A total 158 unique alleles were observed at 37 SSR loci, with an average of 5.6 unique alleles per locus. The number of unique alleles per locus ranged from one in Xgwm273 to twenty two in Xgwm293. In set of 12 varieties, 6 SSR loci showed null alleles, in case of primer pair Xbarc1047, Xgwm133a, Wmc168,cfd44, Xbarc147 and Xgwm626.The polymorphism information content(PIC) values revealing allele diversity and frequency among the entries varied from 0.292 in the case of Wmc273 to 0.902 in the case of Xgwm356 with an average of 0.763 across the primer. Pair-wise genetic similarity coefficient, widely varied from 0.72 to 0.82 indicating a considerably greater extent of variation among the wheat genotypes. High degree of similarity coefficient exists between wheat genotypes Raj 3765 and PBW 343 (0.828) or WH 760 and DBW 14 (0.828), whereas Sonalika and HD 2967 (0.721) weremost distantly related. Cluster analysis grouped twelve wheat genotypes into four different clusters (I to IV) at 35 phenon level, the use of twenty eight SSR markers allowed unique genotyping of twelve genotypes included in the analysis.