Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dispersion Bound for the Wyner-Ahlswede-Körner Network via a Semigroup Method on Types

We revisit the Wyner-Ahlswede-Körner network, focusing especially on the converse part of the dispersion analysis, which is known to be challenging. Using the functional-entropic duality and the reverse hypercontractivity of the transposition semigroup, we lower bound the error probability for each joint type. Then by averaging the error probability over types, we lower bound the c-dispersion (which characterizes the second-order behavior of the weighted sum of the rates of the two compressors when a nonvanishing error probability is small) as the variance of the gradient of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\inf _{ {P}_{ {U}| {X}}}\{{ { cH}}( {Y}| {U})+ {I}( {U}; {X})\}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with respect to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ {Q}_{{{ XY}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, the per-letter side information and source distribution. In comparison, using standard achievability arguments based on the method of types, we upper-bound the c-dispersion as the variance of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ {c}\imath _{ {Y}| {U}}( {Y}| {U})+\imath _{ {U}; {X}}( {U}; {X})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which improves the existing upper bounds but has a gap to the aforementioned lower bound. Our converse analysis should be immediately extendable to other distributed source-type problems, such as distributed source coding, common randomness generation, and hypothesis testing with communication constraints. We further present improved bounds for the general image-size problem via our semigroup technique.
Balanced Coopetition in the Establishment of a Village-Owned Enterprise

This paper aimed to examine the phenomenon of coopetition in the establishment of Village-owned Enterprises (VoE). Coopetition is important in driving the progress of VoEs, as VoEs combine two different characteristics (cooperation and competition) in the process of empowering the local community. This research was conducted at the end of 2019 in a village located in Ngawi Regency, Indonesia. This research used a qualitative approach and focused on: players, added values, rules, and tactics. The research was focused on the village level and found balanced coopetition among the stakeholders in the establishment of a VoE. The balance was of medium intensity coopetition –medium levels of cooperation and competition. The stakeholders started from a position of cooperation, which became more competitive, and finally reached balanced coopetition. These findings constitute the first coopetition study at the village level and bring additional knowledge to the understanding of coopetition in public sector organizations. Keywords—balanced coopetition, competition, cooperation, village government, village-owned enterprise
Sustainability vs. Circular Economy from a Disposition Decision Perspective: A Proposal of a Methodology and an Applied Example in SMEs

Disposition Decision (DD) consists of deciding how to treat a recovered product, and it is one of the most important decisions in reverse logistics. Any of the selected disposition alternatives will have a significant impact on the enterprise sustainability. However, the most sustainable alternative may not be an alternative to make circular economy (CE) possible. In these cases, if the company wishes to adopt a CE strategy, it will have to switch from the most sustainable alternative to a less sustainable one that CE allows. Then, how much should be sacrificed for each sustainability dimension to make CE possible? This paper proposes a methodology for quantitatively comparing the most sustainable disposition alternative and the most sustainable CE alternative. This comparison allows small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to know how exactly all dimensions increase or decrease when selecting the most sustainable CE disposition alternative and to, therefore, assess the interest of adopting a CE policy. The proposed methodology is applied to a used tire recovery company. The results of this example show that the CE alternative offers a better environmental result but presents worst economic and social results. This example can be used as a guide for future applications other SMEs.
A Tensor-Based Markov Chain Model for Heterogeneous Information Network Collective Classification

Heterogeneous Information Network (HIN) collecitve classification studies the problem of predicting labels for one type of nodes in a HIN which contains multiple types of nodes multiple types of links among them. Previous studies have revealed that exploiting relative importance of links is quite useful to improve node classification performance as connected nodes tend to have similar labels. Most existing approaches exploit the relative importance of links either by directly counting the number of connections among nodes or by learning the weight of each type of link from labeled data only. However, these approaches either neglect the importance of types of links to the class labels or may lead to overfitting problem. We propose a Tensor-based Markov chain (T-Mark) approach, which is able to automatically and simultaneously predict the labels for unlabeled nodes and give the relative importance of types of links that actually improve the classification accuracy. Specifically, we build two tensor equations by using the HIN and features of nodes from both labeled and unlabeled data. A Markov chain-based model is proposed and it is solved by an iterative process to obtain the stationary distributions. Theoretical analyses of the existence and uniqueness of such probability distributions are given. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that T-Mark is able to achieve superior performance in the comparison and obtain reasonable relative importance of links.
Characterization of a radio frequency carbon nanotube growth plasma by ultraviolet absorption and optical emission spectroscopy

Radio frequency driven methane/hydrogen plasmas for carbon nanotube growth at pressures between 0.5 and 20Torr, bias power from 0to110W, and inductive coil power from 0to200W are characterized via optical diagnostics. Ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy is used for quantitative determination of CH3 radical density for these systems, giving densities on the order of 1013cm−3, accounting for approximately 0.1% of the plasma neutral content. Emission data are also analyzed to extract neutral gas temperatures from the H2 spectrum and electron densities and temperatures and approximate atomic H densities in the system. Neutral temperature is estimated between 700 and 1100K, though the lower electrode is heated to 1273K. Electron temperature is estimated to be between 2.5 and 3.5eV in the high-energy (>12eV) portion of the electron energy distribution, and the data suggest an overall non-Maxwellian distribution of electrons. The dissociation of hydrogen is estimated at around 0.1%. Dependencies on power and pre.
Current status and prospects for quantitative analysis of digital image of pathological specimen using image processing software including artificial intelligence

With the development of information technology, digital pathology, including image analysis, and automatic diagnosis of pathological tissue, has developed remarkably. It has become possible to recognize and quantify histopathological features using artificial intelligence (AI). We have attempted to analyze and quantify various histopathological findings using image processing software. In this report, we introduce the latest results of recognition and quantification of various pathological findings in the liver, kidney, and lung using image processing software, including Image-Pro Plus, Tissue Studio, and HALO. HALO is an image analysis platform specialized for the study of pathological tissues, which enables tissue segmentation by using AI. Using HALO, histopathological changes, which are difficult or impossible to analyze with conventional image analysis, could be easily, and accurately analyzed. Quantification of pathological findings by image analysis can contribute to improve objectivity, precision, and persuasiveness of pathological evaluation. Quantification of morphological changes of histopathological findings using digital pathology including AI in robust pathology is a new and innovative evaluation technique. In the future, a versatile and useful tool is expected to enable faster and more efficient pathological evaluation in both non-clinical and clinical fields.
Pre-Service Teachers and Their Self-Efficacy toward Online Teaching.

There is an increasing demand for pre-service teachers to acquire the skills necessary to be proficient with the execution of teaching with technology as part of their educator preparation programs (GaPSC, 2018). This need for learning and applying technological proficiencies to enhance student performance in online classes can lead to divergent educator perceptions of selfefficacy in using technology. This study examined elementary, special education, and secondary pre-service educators' technology integration self-efficacy (TISE) before and after the completion of a comprehensive technology integration project and two semester of education courses.
Cooking and Packaging Methods Affect Consumer Acceptability and Shelf Life of Ready-to-Eat Gulf Brown Shrimp

The objective of this research was to determine the relationships between volatile flavor compound composition, consumer acceptability, sensory descriptors, and refrigerated shelf life of medium Gulf of Mexico brown shrimp that was packaged in air, modified atmosphere (MAP), and vacuum conditions, and cooked to different internal temperatures (63°C/15 s, 85°C/5 min, and 93°C/5 min). MAP shrimp had lower concentrations of spoilage aroma compounds than air and vacuum packaged shrimp throughout storage. Shrimp cooked to 85°C under vacuum and MAP were preferred (p < 0.05) over other treatments. The longest shelf life (39 to 42 days) was achieved with cooking to 85 and 93°C under MAP. Among the treatments studied, the combination of cooking to 85°C and holding for 5 min with MAP produced the longest shelf life with fewest spoilage aroma compounds when compared to other treatments.
Mass spectrometry of inductively coupled plasmas

The alliance of the ICP with MS shows promise of extending the sensitivity and selectivity of MS to elemental analysis of solutions. Some additional areas of research interest for ICP-MS include the following: its use as an element and isotope selective detector for chromatography, flow injection analysis, laser ablation, and other sample introduction techniques; fundamental studies of ionization other basic processes in the ICP; detection of halogens and perhaps other elements as negative ions; and auxiliary ionization of neutral analyte atoms formed from ICP ions that have recombined with electrons during the extraction process. The latter concept is particularly interesting because the present detection limits for ICP-MS are achieved even though only one analyte ion is detected for every 10/sup 5/ or 10/sup 6/ that would be going through the skimmer if no recombination occurred. 42 references, 6 figures, 2 tables.
REFLECTION OF RADIANT ENERGY FROM SOILS

Data secured with spectrophotometers show that surface moisture content, organic matter, and particle size strongly influence the reflectance and absorptance of solar radiant energy by soils. At all wavelengths measured, on all samples, reflectance decreased and absorptance increased as moisture content increased. By using Gates' direct solar energy distribution curve, one would expect that increasing the moisture content on a Newtonia silt loam from 0.8 to 20.2 percent would increase absorption of radiant energies by at least 14.2 percent of that in the equivalent direct solar beam. The plot of moisture content against reflectance indicates the possibility of using reflectance methods for surface moisture determinations. Results were especially good at 1900 mu, a moisture-sensitive wavelength. The oxidation of soil organic matter increased the reflectance from all samples measured. Again using Gates' distribution curve, 8.2 percent more of the energy in the equivalent direct solar beam might have been reflected by the oxidized Newtonia silt loam sample. With both kaolinite and bentonite clays, reflectance increased exponentially as particle size decreased. The magnitude of reflectance change was very similar with both clays. By applying the kaolinite reflectance data to Gates' direct solar energy distribution curve, one would expect energy absorption to increase by at least an additional 14.6 percent of that in the incident beam when the particle size is increased from 22 mu to 2650 mu. /Author/
Hydrolytic degradation of nonoriented poly(β‐propiolactone)

The hydrolytic degradation of poly(β-propiolactone) with a molecular weight Mw of 32,000 has been studied in a buffered salt solution (pH 7.2) at 37°C. Within 42 days, the embrittlement of the samples made tensile strength measurement impossible, which is due to the rapid reduction of molecular weight, 50% reduction after 49 days. The maximum weight due to water absorption was measured to 1.2 wt %, reached after 2 days. The absorbed water acts as a plasticizer in poly(β-propiolactone) observed by the displacement in the maxima of the tan δα peak. A fast increase of crystallinity in the samples has been observed during the first 50 days of degradation, with the increase continued up until 190 days, after which a decline of the crystallinity can be observed, indicating hydrolityc degradation of the crystalline part of the samples. The mass loss of the samples becomes prominent after 150 days of immersion and reached a value of 14.6% after 260 days.
Donor Reaction to Non-Financial Information Covering Social Projects in Nonprofits: A Spanish Case

The notion of accountability in nonprofits suggests that these organisations should disclose financial and non-financial practices following a holistic model. In practice, the interest of both managers and researchers has focused primarily on donors and financial disclosures, for funding and methodological reasons respectively. From the perspective of impact investment, all of them, government, beneficiaries, private donors, managers and volunteers are expected to make their decisions based on non-financial information as investors expecting social returns. However, to what extent does project information that demonstrates that the non-profit organisation has achieved its social mission actually matter? The main objective of this paper is to analyse whether the donations received by non-governmental organisations NGOs are related to the information disclosed on the projects undertaken. We perform our analysis separately for individual, private and public donors. Our results show that public donors are more interested in financial disclosures, private donors find information about outcomes and impacts to be most useful and individual donors do not tend to use non-financial information when it comes to making decisions about whether to donate or not.
REVIEW OF SITE EFFECT MODELING METHODS CONSIDERING EXPERIMENTAL GEOPHYSICAL DATA

It is well known that seismic waves are affected by the geological nature of the different layers in which they propagate close to the surface. The various structural and topographic elements cause the incident signal to be reflected, refracted, or diffracted. As a result, the combination of those different waves modifies the spatial, spectral, and temporal characteristics of the wavefield. These phenomena are called site effects. Especially amplifications of the ground motion acceleration is observed, which may induce failure of the structures located on the surface, as well as slope instabilities. The spatial variability of the ground motion can be very significant over small distances, because of the changes in the geometry and the soil conditions. During the last years, many research works have been conducted through numerical simulations on simplified slope geometries in order to identify the effect of geological, topographic and input signal parameters on the amplification of the amplitude of seismic waves. However, the predictions resulting from the numerical simulations are often different from the field observations. So, this paper firstly presents an in-depth literature review about available methods to model site effects and their implications. Secondly, it also focused on results of existing works that benefit from experimental data in the analytical modeling; more especially works considering geophysical data obtained through H/V and MASW experiments are examined. EURODYN 2020 XI International Conference on Structural Dynamics M. Papadrakakis, M. Fragiadakis, C. Papadimitriou (eds.) Athens, Greece, 23–26 November 2020 Available online at www.easdprocedia. org EASD Procedia EURODYN (2020) 3274-3290 ISSN:2311-9020 © 2020 The Authors. Published by EASD Procedia. Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of EURODYN 2020. doi: 10.47964/1120.9268. 19559 Rita Abou-Jaoude, Nisrine Makhoul, Jean-Alain Fleurisson, Alexandrine Gesret
Fabrication of stable dispersions containing up to 70% individual carbon nanotubes in a common organic solvent

Applications of single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) are severely restricted, as they exist in rope‐like bundles. Many methods have been suggested to de‐bundle SWNTs, including both covalent and non‐covalent funtionalisation with surfactants, acids, polymers and macromolecules. However, these strategies are unsatisfactory because they result in either the chemical modification of the nanotube or the presence of residual dispersion agents. What is required is the demonstration of stable, exfoliated SWNT dispersions in common solvents. In this work we have demonstrated debundling of single‐wall nanotubes by diluting nanotubes dispersions in the solvent N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone (NMP). Atomic‐force‐microscopy measurements show a steady decrease in bundle diameter distribution as the concentration is decreased. Photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of individual nanotubes in NMP dispersion. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Interpreting common garden studies to understand cueing mechanisms of spring leafing phenology in temperate and boreal tree species

Trees are particularly susceptible to climate change due to their long lives and slow dispersal. However, trees can adjust the timing of their growing season in response to weather conditions without evolutionary change or long-distance migration. This makes understanding phenological cueing mechanisms a critical task to forecast climate change impacts on forests. Because of slow data accumulation, unconventional and repurposed information is valuable in the study of phenology. Here, I develop and use a framework to interpret what phenological patterns among provenances of a species in a common garden reveal about their leafing cues, and potential climate change responses. Species whose high elevation/latitude provenances leaf first likely have little chilling requirement, or for latitude gradients only, a critical photoperiod cue met relatively early in the season. Species with low latitude/elevation origins leafing first have stronger controls against premature leafing; I argue that these species are likely less phenologically flexible in responding to climate change. Among published studies, the low to high order is predominant among frost-sensitive ring-porous species. Narrow-xylemed species show nearly all possible patterns, sometimes with strong contrasts even within genera for both conifers and angiosperms. Some also show complex patterns, indicating multiple mechanisms at work, and a few are largely undifferentiated across broad latitude gradients, suggesting phenotypic plasticity to a warmer climate. These results provide valuable evidence on which temperate and boreal tree species are most likely to adjust in place to climate change, and provide a framework for interpreting historic or newly-planted common garden studies of phenology.
edCrumble, a Data-Enriched Visual Authoring Design Tool for Blended Learning

This article presents an evaluation of edCrumble, a blended learning authoring tool for teachers. The tool visually represents learning designs and integrates data analytics to scaffold teacher design decisions. In addition to assessing the usability of edCrumble using Usability Metric for User Experience questionnaire, analyses of participant views on the advantages and disadvantages of the tool in comparison to traditional course planning approaches and participant-elicited factors that can facilitate or hinder adoption of the tool are presented. Three evaluation workshops were held with teachers of different backgrounds, educational stakeholders, and students. Data-gathering instruments included interviews and questionnaires to collect qualitative and quantitative data. Further, design artifacts resulting from the workshops were analyzed. The evaluation shows that the tool possesses specific features that facilitate the representation of and support for designing blended learning, uncovers the factors that may promote or inhibit its adoption, exposes its connection with solving actual educational challenges, and reveals the strengths and weaknesses in the tool's usability.
Elucidation of gene regulatory mechanisms in ageing bacterial colonies and tool development for cell factory optimization

ii Dansk resumé . iii Acknowledgements . v List of publications . vii Abbreviations and nomenclature . ix List of Figures . x List of Tables . x Table of contents . x
Time-Varying Spillovers between Currency and Stock Markets in the USA: Historical Evidence From More than Two Centuries

In this paper, we analyze time-varying causality between the dollar-pound exchange rate and S&P 500 returns over the monthly period of September, 1791 to September, 2019. Based on a Dynamic Conditional Correlation-Multivariate Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heterosckedasticity (DCC-MGARCH) framework, we find that evidence of unidirectional causality between the two returns is in general weak, and primarily restricted to the period following the breakdown of the Bretton Woods agreement. However, instantaneous spillovers across the returns of these two markets is quite strong, which in turn tends to suggest the existence of nonsynchronous trading and also high-frequency causal dependency, with the latter confirmed based on daily data covering 3 January 1900 â€“ 4 October 2019. Moreover, the underlying DCC reveals that there is actually portfolio diversification opportunities for investors. Finally, an analysis of the second moments reveal much stronger evidence of volatility spillovers between these two assets, when compared to the return linkages. This result has important implications from the perspective of policy making aiming to reduce the impact of uncertainty on the real economy.