Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Análisis de la Gestión de Tecnologías Emergentes (GTE) en grupo de investigación colombiano e identificación de brechas respecto a referentes internacionales

Las tecnologias emergentes son las que se encuentran en la fase inicial de su ciclo de vida, tienen caracteristicas especiales que hacen dificil su gestion y normalmente surgen en los grupos e investigacion universitarios. En esta investigacion se uso el benchmarking con la finalidad de analizar la gestion de tecnologias emergentes (GTE) en universidades de excelencia mundial a traves de factores claves de exito para identificar buenas practicas; posteriormente se realizo un estudio de caso en un grupo de investigacion colombiano, con el proposito de establecer brechas existentes frente a los referentes internacionales, para lograr una GTE exitosa en el pais. Como resultado se concluyo que en el pais existe una serie de brechas que no permiten la adecuada GTE como: deficiencia de financiacion de excelencia para la investigacion, problemas en el liderazgo, la gestion del talento humano y del conocimiento al interior de los grupos de investigacion; ausencia de estudios de gestion del riesgo en la introduccion de las TE en el mercado; deficiencia del desarrollo del emprendimiento y excesiva burocratizacion en las universidades, entre otros. Por ultimo, se realizaron recomendaciones que pretenden aportar al desarrollo de procesos de gestion tecnologica universitaria encaminados a cerrar las brechas existentes entre Colombia y el ambito mundial.
Phytic Acid Level in Wheat Flours

The phytic acid content of refined (hand-made and factory-made) and whole (factory-made) wheat flours, much consumed in the Canary Islands, have been determined in this study. A total of 200 samples of flours from different types (100 refined and 100 whole) were analysed. The method proposed by Garcia-Villanova et al. (1982) was used for determination of phytic acid content in wheat flours. Most of the phytic acid concentrations are within the range 2–4 mg/g for the refined flours and 6–10 mg/g for the whole ones. The arithmetic mean obtained from all the samples studied is 3·77 mg/g for hand-made, refined flours, 2·96 mg/g for factory-made refined flours and 8·50 mg/g for the whole ones. On analysing the phytic acid content in all the flour samples, significant differences were observed for the different types of flour. Refined flours had a content lower than whole ones.
13C NMR Flux Ratio Analysis of Escherichia coli Central Carbon Metabolism in Microaerobic Bioprocesses

Active pathways and catalytic capacities in microorganisms are often highly sensitive to the cell environment. For example, oxygen supply can have qualitative effects on biocatalytic configuration and rates. 2-4 This paper addresses the behavior of wildtypeE. coli MG1655 cells carrying a high copy number plasmid under microaerobic conditions ([O 2] < 0.02 mmol/L), a situation that is encountered frequently in nature as well as in the biotechnology industry. 2,5 Only a few stable isotope labeling experiments have so far been pursued to investigate anaerobic and/or microaerobic metabolism. 6-13 In this paper, information on active metabolic topology and carbon pathway flux ratios was obtained from the aforementioned E. coli strain under microaerobic conditions,14 which is a typical biocatalyst configuration, using biosynthetic fractional13C-labeling of proteinogenic amino acids with a mixture of 10% [ C6]-glucose/90% unlabeled glucose as the sole carbon source and 2D [ 13C,1H]-correlation NMR spectroscopy for analysis of the resulting products. 13,14 Analysis of the breakdown of the six-carbon skeleton of glucose from the 13C fine structures allows both determination of ratios of metabolic fluxes and an efficient analysis of the bioreaction network topology. 13,15-17
The specific detection of indole production by Erwinia species and some other enterobacteria on agar

Indole reacts with glutaconic aldehyde to produce a red-violet polymethine dye. Glutaconic aldehyde is an unstable reagent but may readily be generated by the alkaline cleavage of 1-(4-pyridyl) pyridinium chloride. Bacterial colonies grown on agar containing 0˙2% tryptophan may be tested in situ or smeared on reagent-impregnated filter paper. Residual tryptophan does not interfere with the reaction which, on paper, is indole-specific even in the presence of nitrite. Test papers are easily prepared and have a shelf-life of at least 2 years.
Betanodavirus infections of teleost fish: a review

In the last decade betanodavirus infections have emerged as major constraints on the culture of marine fish in all parts of the world with the exception of the African continent. The occurrence of these infections appears to be a function of the number of species cultured and the intensity of culture. This has been further complicated by the promiscuous translocation of stock within and between countries. Great strides have been made in defining these agents and producing diagnostic techniques but much more remains to be done. Lack of knowledge of the epidemiology of the diseases caused by nodaviruses, except for vertical transmission of the pathogen in some species, has impeded the development of control measures but, even so, the measures identified to date have not been adequately implemented by producers with the result that catastrophic losses still occur on a regular basis.
Combien d’exemples de tests sont-ils nécessaires à une évaluation fiable ? Quelques observations sur l’évaluation de l’analyse morphosyntaxique du français. (Some observations on the evaluation of PoS taggers)

L’objectif de ce travail est de présenter plusieurs observations, sur l’évaluation des analyseurs morphosyntaxique en français, visant à remettre en cause le cadre habituel de l’apprentissage statistique dans lequel les ensembles de test et d’apprentissage sont fixés arbitrairement et indépendemment du modèle considéré. Nous montrons qu’il est possible de considérer des ensembles de test plus petits que ceux généralement utilisés sans conséquences sur la qualité de l’évaluation. Les exemples ainsi « économisés » peuvent être utilisés en apprentissage pour améliorer les performances des systèmes notamment dans des tâches d’adaptation au domaine.
Active Disturbance Rejection Control of Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbines

Abstract. Wind turbines are complex nonlinear machines whose main objective is to convert the wind energy into electric power. These systems work in two main operating regions. In region 2, the energy captured must be maximized by forcing the turbine speed to proportionally track the wind speed; in region 3, the wind speed is too high and the energy captured must be dissipated and the turbine speed must be regulated to its nominal value. Wind turbines are systems with enormous challenges, not only because of the regulation of speed and power under highly nonlinear aerodynamics, but also due to the high efficiency required even when model uncertainties, periodic disturbances, flexible modes, or system faults are present. This dissertation addresses the control of horizontal-axis wind turbines operating in regions 2 and 3 under the active disturbance rejection control paradigm. New control schemes based on the active disturbance rejection philosophy are proposed in order to tackle three specific problems in wind turbine control, such as: a) wind energy capture maximization of wind turbines operating in region 2, b) regulation of speed and power of wind turbines operating in region 3, and c) reduction of periodic loads on the rotor and the structure of the wind turbine. The proposed schemes are validated using a 5 MW reference nonlinear large-scale wind turbine implemented in the FAST (fatigue, aerodynamics, structures and turbulence) code and tested under realistic 3-D wind speed field. The FAST code is considered as a standard wind turbine dynamic simulation tool in industry. The results showed that the proposed active disturbance rejection control schemes are effective for controlling the wind turbine in regions 2 and 3, with effective attenuation of the periodic load components of the blades.
Genetic and environmental effects on morphology and fluctuating asymmetry in nestling barn swallows

A barn swallow Hirundo rustica partial cross‐fostering experiment with simultaneous brood size manipulation was conducted in two years with contrasting weather conditions, to estimate heritable variation in tarsus, tail and wing size and fluctuating asymmetry. Environmental stress had contrasting effects depending on trait type. Significant heritabilities for tarsus, tail and wing size were found only in enlarged broods irrespective of year effects, while tarsus asymmetry was significantly heritable in the year with benign weather conditions irrespective of brood size manipulation effects. Tail, wing and composite (multicharacter) asymmetry were never significantly heritable. The environment with the higher heritability generally had higher additive genetic variance and lower environmental variance, irrespective of trait type. Heritability was larger for trait size than for trait asymmetry. Patterns of genetic variation in nestlings do not necessarily translate to the juvenile or adult stage, as indicated by lack of correlation between nestling and fledgling traits.
A statistical model for in-season forecasts of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) returns to the Bristol Bay districts of Alaska

We developed a model for in-season age-specific forecasts of salmon returns using preseason return forecasts, age composition of in-season returns, cumulative in-season returns by fishing district, and age composition and an index of abundance from an in-season test fishery. We apply this method to the sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) fishery in the Bristol Bay districts of Alaska. The model generates point estimates and Bayesian probability distributions for return numbers by age and river, and it provides an integrated framework for including all of the major data sources currently used in in-season forecasting. We evaluated model performance using early-season data from 19992001 and compared the effects of four information sets on forecast accuracy. The four information sets were as follows: I, district-specific inshore return data; II, inshore return data and test fishery data; III, inshore return data and preseason forecasts; IV, inshore return data, test fishery data, and preseason forecasts. Fo.
Cytoplasmic acidification and current influx follow growth pulses of Lilium longiflorum pollen tubes

Summary We confirm that there is not a standing pH gradient in the tips of lily pollen tubes, but show that there are pulses of H+ that occur during pulsatile growth. The [H+] increases in a zone at the tips of the tubes and travels rapidly as far as 60 μm down the shaft of the tube. The tip-localized pH was found to drop to 6.0 during the largest pulses, from an average cytosolic level of 7.05 in tubes that had not yet begun to pulse. Correlation analysis indicates that the peaks of the pH pulses lag the peaks of the growth pulses by slightly more than 7.5 sec. Vibrating probe measurements reveal an influx of ionic current that peaks 7.5 sec after the peaks of the growth pulses. While this current may in part be H+ influx, we give evidence that K+ influx is also a component of the current pulses. The timing of the H+ and current pulses suggests that they may be involved in terminating the growth pulses.
Enzyme variation and taxonomy: the estimation of sampling errors in measurements of interspecific genetic similarity

The uses of biochemical genetics as an aid to taxonomy are discussed briefly. A survey is made of published data to establish expected levels of genetic similarity or identity between conspecific populations, between congeneric species and between species of different genera. Existing measures of genetic similarity, identity or distance are discussed and some of the difficulties involved in their use in taxonomy are outlined. A new measure of genetic similarity is proposed specifically designed for use in making interspecific comparisons for taxonomic purposes. This measure offers considerable advantages in ease of calculation and also greatly simplifies the estimation of sampling errors. An empirical comparison is made, using published data, of the measures and confidence limits obtained by the proposed memod against published measures of genetic variation between species.
Modèles de langue appliqués aux schémas Winograd français (Language Models applied to French Winograd Schemas)

Les schémas Winograd sont des problèmes de résolution d’anaphores conçus pour nécessiter un raisonnement sur des connaissances du monde. Par construction, ils sont insensibles à des statistiques simples (co-occurrences en corpus). Pourtant, aujourd’hui, les systèmes état de l’art pour l’anglais se basent sur des modèles de langue pour résoudre les schémas (Trinh & Le, 2018). Nous présentons dans cet article une étude visant à tester des modèles similaires sur les schémas en français. Cela nous conduit à revenir sur les métriques d’évaluation utilisées dans la communauté pour les schémas Winograd. Les performances que nous obtenons, surtout comparées à celles de Amsili & Seminck (2017b), suggèrent que l’approche par modèle de langue des schémas Winograd reste limitée, sans doute en partie à cause du fait que les modèles de langue encodent très difficilement le genre de raisonnement nécessaire à la résolution des schémas Winograd.
A comparison of fluorochromes for direct viable counts by image analysis

Total direct and direct viable counts of fresh and injured cultures of Escherichia coli were determined by image analysis in preparations stained with acridine orange, ethidium bromide and 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenyl indole (DAPI). Cells stained with DAPI were not detected by image analysis. Fresh cultures stained with acridine orange or ethidium bromide gave comparable counts. Injured E. coli stained with ethidium bromide gave higher counts that with acridine orange. Injured cultures stained with acridine orange contain high proportions of green cells which are less easily detected than red cells in image analysis. In certain cases it may be better to use ethidium bromide, which stains all cells red, for direct viable counts by image analysis.
α1D L‐Type Ca2+‐Channel Currents: Inhibition by a β‐Adrenergic Agonist and Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase‐Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) in Rat Pinealocytes

Abstract: In this study the subunits of the dihydropyridine‐sensitive L‐type Ca2+ channels (L‐channels) expressed in rat pinealocytes were characterized using reverse transcription (RT)‐PCR analysis, and the modulation of these channels by adrenergic agonists and by pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP) was studied using the patch‐clamp technique. RT‐PCR analysis showed that rat pinealocytes expressed α1D, α2b, β2, and β4 Ca2+‐channel subunit mRNAs. Other α1 subunit transcripts were either not expressed or present at very low levels, indicating that the pinealocytes express predominantly α1D L‐channels. Electrophysiological studies confirmed that the pineal expressed a single population of L‐channels. The L‐channel currents were inhibited by two agonists that elevate cyclic AMP: the β‐adrenergic agonist isoproterenol and PACAP. Similar inhibition was observed with a cyclic AMP analogue, 8‐bromo‐cyclic AMP. The presence of a cyclic AMP antagonist, Rp‐adenosine 3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphorothioate, blocked the inhibition by isoproterenol and PACAP. Norepinephrine, a mixed α‐ and β‐adrenergic agonist, also inhibited the L‐channel currents, but the inhibition was smaller. The smaller inhibition by norepinephrine was secondary to the simultaneous activation of α‐ and β‐adrenergic receptors. These results indicate that (a) pinealocytes express predominantly α1D L‐channels, and (b) the β‐adrenergic agonist isoproterenol and PACAP inhibit the L‐channel currents through elevation of cyclic AMP. However, an α‐adrenergic‐mediated mechanism also appears to be involved in the effect of norepinephrine on the L‐channel currents.
Bayesian mixed‐effects model analysis of a censored normal distribution with animal breeding applications

Adopting a Bayesian viewpoint, a method is presented for the analysis of censored records based on a Gaussian mixed effects model. The method uses the Gibbs sampler and data augmentation. Examples are presented using the motorette data of Schmee & Hahn (1979, Technometrics 21, 417–432) plus other simulated data sets that illustrate animal breeding applications.
Anatomical and Histochemical Aspects of Ethephon-Induced Leaf Abscission in Olive (Olea europaea L.)

A well-defined abscission zone, characterized by isodiametric cortical parenchyma cells, the absence of perivascular fibers, and shortened vascular elements, occurs at the petiole base of mature olive leaves. The abscission-zone cells proximal and distal to the separation layer contain high levels of starch. Separation, preceded by swelling of cell walls and the dissolution of the middle lamella between adjacent separation-layer cells, begins in the abaxial cortical parenchyma in the region of the vascular tissue. There is a rapid increase in total protein content in the separation-layer cells following ethephon treatment and a corresponding decrease in levels of pectic substances in the transverse walls of separation-layer cells. Neither cell divisions, tylose formation, nor lignification occurred in abscission-zone cells up to the time of leaf drop.
Studies on the artificial insemination of Merino sheep. III. The effect of frequent ejaculation on semen characteristics and fertilizing capacity

(1) Fifty-five ejaculates were collected from each of two Merino rams over a period of 5 days (11 per day per ram at intervals of 20 min). Ejaculates were examined for semen characteristics and for fertilizing capacity following artificial insemination, a total of 300 ewes being used. (2) Volume, density, and number of sperm declined on successive days, and in successive ejaculates within days (P <0.001). Motility and percentage of abnormal sperm were not affected by frequent collection. (3) Fertility following insemination with a standard volume of diluted semen showed a significant linear decline with successive ejaculates, both within and between days of collection ( P <0.01, <0.001). (4) The decline in fertility could be accounted for entirely on the basis of sperm numbers. There was no evidence of a decline in the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa with frequent ejaculation. (5) There was a highly significant linear relationship between sperm numbers and lambing percentage, over the range of 28 to 128 X 106 sperm (27–118 x 106 normal; b = 0.27; r = 0.69; P <0.01). (6) It is concluded that a dose of approximately 120–125 x l06 normal sperm is necessary for maximum fertility to artificial insemination; and that each 25 x 106 reduction down to a dose of 25 x 106 may be associated with a drop in lambing rate of about 13%.
Effects of chronic herbivory and historic land use on population structure of a forest perennial, Trillium catesbaei

ABSTRACT Question: How have long-term herbivory and past land use impacted the population structure of Trillium catesbaei, a long-lived rhizomatous herb? Location: Western Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee, USA. Methods: We examined T. catesbaei populations at three sites: (1) Cades Cove (CC), an area of intensive historic land use that has been maintained as open fields and woodlots with a history of chronic deer herbivory, (2) Whiteoak Sink (WOS), a reference area with similar land-use history, geology, and soils that has succeeded to closed-canopy forest with relatively low levels of deer herbivory, and (3) Leadbetter Ridge (LBR), an area of primary forest that has never received significant anthropogenic disturbance. Trillium catesbaei is the most common Trillium species at the three study sites, but smaller in stature, shorter lived, and more of a habitat generalist. Results: Chronic herbivory in CC has created a highly-truncated age structure with no plants older than 9 years, while plant ages at the other sites were more evenly distributed. Compared to WOS, plants in CC were younger at a given height and more likely to flower when younger. Across all life stages, populations at CC contained 68 × fewer plants than WOS. The age structures of WOS and LBR were similar. Compared to published age estimates for other Trillium species, our results suggest that T. catesbaei is relatively short lived within the genus. Conclusions: Chronic herbivory had pronounced effects on the population structure of a perennial herb. Other long-lived herbaceous species may exhibit similar truncated age structures and flowering by younger and smaller plants. Habitat generalist species within a genus, such as T. catesbaei, that are able to reproduce more quickly may persist longer under chronic herbivory. However, chronic herbivory has likely caused the loss of herbaceous species from CC and may eventually cause the local extirpation of T. catesbaei populations. Nomenclature: Kartesz (1999).
High Clonal and Low Sexual Reproduction in Fragmented Populations of Astragalus arenarius (Fabaceae) at the Northern Edge of its Geographic Range

Populations of plant species at their geographic range limits often suffer from low levels of genetic diversity caused by fragmentation, genetic drift, restricted gene flow, inbreeding or vegetative reproduction. We assessed the reproduction mode, allozyme diversity, differentiation and spatial genotypic structure in four Estonian remnant subpopulations and three small and isolated Latvian populations of Astragalus arenarius (Fabaceae) at the northern edge of the species' range. Plants of all populations had a clear clonal structure with same multilocus genotypes (MLGs) growing sequentially and alternately with different MLGs. The number of MLGs among populations varied between 1 and 13, with the longest genets extending over 30 m. The populations were highly differentiated with no common MLGs shared. Sexual reproduction in the studied populations was severely reduced. The generative reproduction was modest and variable in different years. Our results show that the small fragmented populations of A. arenarius have a low genotypic richness. Extensive clonal propagation of the few surviving genets has evidently contributed to their persistence. Conservation measures for the endangered populations are discussed.
Experimental Evidence That Captured Rusty Crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) Exclude Uncaptured Rusty Crayfish from Entering Traps

ABSTRACT Baited modified minnow traps are often used to collect rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus), an invasive species in many areas of North America. However, the use of baited traps as a collection gear for decapods has received considerable scrutiny. We designed a tank-experiment to determine if captured rusty crayfish exclude uncaptured rusty crayfish from baited traps. We found that significantly more crayfish were captured in traps where captured crayfish were immediately removed (experimental tanks) than in traps where crayfish were not immediately removed (control tanks). In addition, more small crayfish were captured in the experimental tanks. These results are consistent with a hypothesis that large and aggressive previously captured rusty crayfish exclude other, generally smaller, rusty crayfish from the trap.
Remarkable discovery in a cave of south west Morocco: Siagona taggadertensis n.sp. (Carabidae: Siagoninae)

Abstract Five species of the genus Siagona Latreille 1804 (Carabidae: Siagoninae) are known from Morocco. Siagona taggadertensis n. sp. , a remarkable species of Carabidae from a Moroccan cave is described. This insect is spectacular by its large size (one of the largest species of the genus), its external morphology, which isolates it from all the north african representant of the genus, and for the conditions of its discovery: its only known from the remains of six specimens, all of them found in the cave of Taggadert, western Atlas. Hypotheses concerning the ecology of this species are discussed.