Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultralow-noise avalanche photodiodes

InP/In0.53Ga0. 47As avalanche photodiodes (APDs) have been widely deployed in high-bit-rate, long-haul fiber optic communication systems due to the higher sensitivity, relative to a PIN photodiode, afforded by internal gain of the APD. Owing to their materials and structural limitations it is uncertain whether the performance of InP-based APDs will be adequate for 10 GB/s systems and subsequent higher- speed systems. One of the impediments for the InP-based APDs is the fact that InP has roughly equal electron and hole ionization rates. This result in a symmetric multiplication process with relatively high multiplication noise and the gain-bandwidth product of an APD are primarily determined by the structure of the multiplication region. Recently, it has been reported that submicron scaling of the multiplication region thickness leads to lower multiplication noise and higher gain-bandwidth products. This is due to the nonlocal nature of impact ionization, which can be neglected if the thickness of the multiplication region is much greater than the 'dead length', the distance over which carriers gain sufficient energy to impact ionize. The advantage of thin multiplication regions, i.e., those for which, the dead space accounts for a significant portion of the total thickness, is that the number of ionization chains that result in multiplication greatly in excess of the average gain is reduced, which in turn yields lower noise for a given gain. In this paper we describe materials and structural modifications to the thin multiplication regions that result in even lower excess noise. For gains <EQ 20 APDs with thin AlxGa1-xAs multiplication layers have achieved excess noise factors less than twice the shot noise. We have also shown that ultra low noise can be achieved with an Impact-Ionization-Engineered approach that utilizes heterojunctions to incorporate adjacent regions with low and high ionization rates.
The Social Health Process of Adolescents: A Grounded Theory Study

Background: The social health of adolescents is the main pivot of community health in the whole world. Understanding how the social health of adolescents is affected by socio-cultural context and individual factors is still equivocal, and the available data are limited. This study aimed to explore the process of forming social health in Iranian adolescents.Methods: This grounded theory study has been conducted through purposive sampling and theoretical sampling on 47 adolescents (23 boys, 24 girls) and 19 key informants living in Mashhad, Iran. Data was collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews and group discussions. Data analysis was conducted using continuous comparison, open, axial, and selective coding based on the Corbin and Strauss’s (2008) approach.Results: In the process of forming social health in adolescents, five categories were extracted: 1) multi-layered social structure: from favorable to unfavorable, 2) facing with multifaceted role models, 3) contemplating and self-discovery, 4) trying to manage interactions, and 5) social presence: from being together to separating. The core category is “the paving the way for the realization of social identity” that connected to all extracted categories in this study. Conclusions: social context needs to provide appropriate conditions to develop and promote social health among adolescents through supportive, happy, and safe environments. Also, adolescents need to apply effective individual, interpersonal, and collective strategies. The results also revealed that social identity plays a main role in forming the social health. These factors need to be considered by policymakers for designing and interventional programs.
A carbon footprint analysis in the textile supply chain

This research work focuses on the application of life-cycle assessment methodology to determine the carbon footprint of different players involved in a supply chain of the textile sector. A case study of a product by a textile leader company was carried out. This study demonstrates that, in the textile chain, the main contribution to the greenhouse effect is provided by the electrical and thermal energy used and by the transportation (since different production phases are delocalised in a wide range that goes from South Africa, Italy, Romania and all around the world, from the distribution centre to the stores). The Monte Carlo analysis has been used in order to obtain, for each calculated impact, not only the average value but also the distribution curve of the results characterised by uncertainty parameters. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to evaluate the impact of management choices such as: • a change in the transportation modality, from aeroplane to boat; • a combination of road and rail transportation; and • a selection among suppliers that allows the firm to cut environmental impacts.
The Effect of Lumbar Support Prominence on Driver's Comfort and Body Pressure Distribution

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of lumbar support prominence on comfort and body pressure distribution of an automobile seat to determine the most favorable lumbar support prominence level during short-term driving. Fifteen male drivers drove the automobile on road for a distance of 3 km at 3 different levels of lumbar support prominence: 10 mm, 30 mm and 50 mm. The body pressure distributions were recorded, and subjective ratings on the whole body comfort and the discomfort at 10 body regions were evaluated as well. For subjective ratings on comfort and body pressure distribution, 10mm of lumbar support prominence was found to be most favorable in short-term driving. The ratios of body pressure variables varied among three measurement points of time: before driving, middle of driving and after driving. Therefore, it would be inappropriate to measure the body pressure distribution on the static seating buck or on the simulator in order to investigate the driver's comfort.
Enhancing the Performance of Perceptual Audio Coders by Using Temporal Noise Shaping (TNS)

Inappropriate temporal spread of quantization noise is known to be the reason for the so-called "pre-echo" artifacts in perceptual audio coding. These artifacts occur when a transient signal is being coded in a spectral representation because the quantization noise is spread out over the entire window length of the filterbank and in this way is not masked by the signal. A novel approach to the pre-echo problem is presented allowing to shape the quantization noise in time. The technique is shown to work efficiently also in the case of "pitched" signals (e.g. speech) where traditional block switching schemes do not offer an efficient solution.
A novel SOI pressure sensor for high temperature application

The silicon on insulator (SOI) high temperature pressure sensor is a novel pressure sensor with high-performance and high-quality. A structure of a SOI high-temperature pressure sensor is presented in this paper. The key factors including doping concentration and power are analyzed. The process of the sensor is designed with the critical process parameters set appropriately. The test result at room temperature and high temperature shows that nonlinear error below is 0.1%, and hysteresis is less than 0.5%. High temperature measuring results show that the sensor can be used for from room temperature to 350 °C in harsh environments. It offers a reference for the development of high temperature piezoresistive pressure sensors.
Bird flight performance: a practical calculation manual

The mechanical approach to flight energetics - the aeronautical approach, power required and power available, uses and limitations of the programs variables needed for flight calculations - dimensions and units, standard measurements, work, power and metabolic rate power required for horizontal flight - synthesis of the power curve, fuel consumption in relation to distance BASIC programs for flight calculations - using a pre-recorded program disc fuel consumed on short and long flights, transferring the programs to other computers, entering the programs from the listings, testing and debugging the reality behind the power calculations - Reynolds number and the concept of scale, drag and drag coefficient, profile power and the flow around wings, induced power and vortex wakes gliding performance calculations - fixed span glide polar, gliding performance with variable wing span, soaring power available from the muscles - work and power output of the myofibrils, power output of aerobic muscles, scaling of power available and power required, cost of maintaining a steady force example calculations with the BASIC programs - checking program 1 against physiological results other problems involving fuel consumption, problems involving mechanical power only, gliding and soaring, scale effects with Program 1, further uses of the programs. Appendices: program listings and specimen output units and dimensions list of symbols some properties of the standared atmosphere.
Feasibility of Magnetostrictive Sensor Inspection of Containments

This report describes the results of a study on the feasibility of using guided waves for long-range global inspection of containment metallic pressure boundaries (i.e., steel containments and liners of reinforced concrete containments) in nuclear power plants. Of particular concern in this study was the potential of the guided-wave approach for remotely inspecting the regions that are inaccessible; for example, regions where the metallic pressure boundary is backed by concrete on one or both sides. The study includes a literature review on long-range guided-wave inspection techniques, a modeling study of the behavior of guided waves in plates with different boundary conditions (e.g., freestanding and backed by concrete on one or both sides), and an experimental investigation of the feasibility of a guided-wave technique called ''magnetostrictive sensor (MsS)'' for (1) generating and detecting guided waves in plates and (2) detecting a defect over a long range. Results of the study showed (1) that it is feasible to achieve long-range global inspection of plates, including regions that are inaccessible, using low-frequency guided waves and (2) that the MsS technique is well suited for this application. Recommendations are made to further test and develop the MsS technique for practical implementation for containment inspection in nuclear power plants.
Supply chain sustainability: a relationship management approach

Purpose: In this research we examined, by means of case studies, the mechanisms by which relationships can be managed and by which communication and cooperation can be enhanced in sustainable supply chains. The research was predicated on the contention that the development of a sustainable supply chain depends, in part, on the transfer of knowledge and capabilities from the larger players in the supply chain. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research adopted a triangulated approach in which quantitative data were collected by questionnaire, interviews were conducted to explore and enrich the quantitative data and case studies were undertaken in order to illustrate and validate the findings. Handy‟s (1985) view of organisational culture, Allen & Meyer‟s (1990) concepts of organisational commitment and Van de Ven & Ferry‟s (1980) measures of organisational structuring have been combined into a model to test and explain how collaborative mechanisms can affect supply chain sustainability. Findings: It has been shown that the degree of match and mismatch between organisational culture and structure has an impact on staff‟s commitment level. A sustainable supply chain depends on convergence – that is the match between organisational structuring, organisation culture and organisation commitment. Research Limitations/implications: The study is a proof of concept and three case studies have been used to illustrate the nature of the model developed. Further testing and refinement of the model in practice should be the next step in this research. Practical implications: The concept of relationship management needs to filter down to all levels in the supply chain if participants are to retain commitment and buy-in to the relationship. A sustainable supply chain requires proactive relationship management and the development of an appropriate organisational culture, and trust. By legitimising individuals‟ expectations of the type of culture which is appropriate to their company and empowering employees to address mismatches that may occur a situation can be created whereby the collaborating organisations develop their competences symbiotically and so facilitate a sustainable supply chain. Originality/value: The culture/commitment/structure model developed from three separate strands of management thought has proved to be a powerful tool for analysing collaboration in supply chains and explaining how and why some supply chains are sustainable, and others are not.
Nonlinear prediction of condition parameter degradation trend for hydropower unit based on radial basis function interpolation and wavelet transform

A nonlinear prediction model of condition parameter degradation trend of hydropower unit is proposed. This model is based on radial basis function interpolation, wavelet transform, largest Lyapunov exponent prediction method, and grey prediction model (GM(1, 1) method). The condition parameter degradation trend model of hydropower unit is built by using RBF interpolation regression method. In this model, the effect of active power and working head is taken into consideration. The degradation trend time series is decomposed into several high-frequency parts and one low-frequency part. For high-frequency parts, their chaotic characteristics are identified. The largest Lyapunov exponent prediction method or GM(1, 1) method is selected to predict each frequency part according to their different properties. For low-frequency part, the GM(1, 1) method is used to predict it. Finally, the predicted results of high-frequency parts and low-frequency part are reconstructed by wavelet theory. The predicted results of the original condition parameter degradation trend time series are obtained. The results show that the proposed method has a high prediction precision.
Intermodulation noise in FM systems due to transmission deviations and AM/PM conversion

Two noise contributors in FM systems are: (i) intermodulation noise due to transmission deviations; and (ii) intermodulation noise due to transmission deviations and AM/PM conversion, designated AM/PM intermodulation noise. Expressions for the second- and third-order AM/PM intermodulation noise are derived in terms of transmission medium coefficients and a continuous pre-emphasis characteristic, with the unpre-emphasized baseband signal being simulated by white Gaussian noise. These expressions have been programmed on a digital computer and representative noise responses and properties of AM/PM intermodulation noise were obtained. General properties and characteristics for the two noise contributors are documented in parallel for comparative purposes. It was found that AM/PM intermodulation noise can be a significant noise contributor in FM systems.
Supervisory fault‐tolerant control with mutual performance optimization

The problem of active fault‐tolerant control with reconfiguration mechanism for uncertain linear systems with external disturbances is addressed applying the supervisory control approach. A key feature of the proposed approach is establishment of a set of conditions providing mutual performance in the sense of taking into account the interaction of the fault detection, isolation, and accommodation subsystems in order to achieve global fault‐tolerance performance with guaranteed global stability. The efficiency of the approach is demonstrated in an example of computer simulation for a flight system benchmark. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High-Frequency Magnetic Components

If you are looking for a complete study of the fundamental concepts in magnetic theory, read this book. No other textbook covers magnetic components of inductors and transformers for high-frequency applications in detail. This unique text examines design techniques of the major types of inductors and transformers used for a wide variety of high-frequency applications including switching-mode power supplies (SMPS) and resonant circuits. It describes skin effect and proximity effect in detail to provide you with a sound understanding of high-frequency phenomena. As well as this, you will discover thorough coverage on: integrated inductors and the self-capacitance of inductors and transformers, with expressions for self-capacitances in magnetic components; criteria for selecting the core material, as well as core shape and size, and an evaluation of soft ferromagnetic materials used for magnetic cores; winding resistance at high frequencies; expressions for winding and core power losses when non-sinusoidal inductor or transformer current waveforms contain harmonics. Case studies, practical design examples and procedures (using the area product method and the geometry coefficient method) are expertly combined with concept-orientated explanations and student-friendly analysis. Supplied at the end of each chapter are summaries of the key concepts, review questions, and problems, the answers to which are available in a separate solutions manual. Such features make this a fantastic textbook for graduates, senior level undergraduates and professors in the area of power electronics in addition to electrical and computer engineering. This is also an inimitable reference guide for design engineers of power electronics circuits, high-frequency transformers and inductors in areas such as (SMPS) and RF power amplifiers and circuits.
Concept Paper on the Status of Football Physical Training and Competition Demand in China

The pace and intensity of the modern football game is getting bigger and bigger, and the requirements for the athletes' abilities are also higher. It requires more abundant physical energy to ensure the normal play of technology and tactics. The analysis of the real physical demands in training and competition is to carry out corresponding physical training,Only by analyzing the premise of training more accurately, can we carry out physical training pertinently and achieve the desired physical training effect. Different positions and different characteristics of the team's physical demand is different, in the overall arrangement of physical training on the basis of the specific analysis of individual characteristics. At the present stage, physical training is often ignored or not comprehensive enough, so as to fail to achieve the desired effect of training.
The Research on Dynamic Performance of Straight Going Fast Assembling Car Overpass

In order to solve the traffic jams and congestion of urban transportation in most cities, the steel trussed cable-stayed car overpass model is analyzed through the finite element modal analysis by ANSYS software based on the design concept of straight going fast assembling car overpass. After understanding the laws of free vibration characteristics of the structure, the variation of maximum deflections and stresses of the structure which is under the loads moved at different speeds are studied by moving load transient analysis of full method. The result further testifies that the structure is reliable and safe. Also, the range of the optimum speed is summarized to provide reference for the design of speed-limiting facilities of the car overpass.
Landslide damage and disaster management system in Nepal

Nepal is located in mountainous terrain in the Himalayan arc, where landslides are common and are the main cause of natural hazards. On 23 July 2002, daily rainfall of 300mm triggered a landslide of 9,000m3 at head valley of 39o, which has quaternary unconsolidated gravel rock base coated with thin soil, tree species and shrubs. The landslide changed into debris flow and to flash flood. The average velocity was 30m/sec. and the equivalent friction angle of the materials was 28o. A total of 16 people lost their lives in Matatirtha village, near to Kathmandu city and millions of properties were damaged. To minimize the disaster, warning system development of standards such as promotion of education level to people and preparation of hazard mapping are suggested.
Measurements and Simulations for On-Body Antenna Design and Propagation Studies

This paper overviews a number of research activities aimed at characterising and optimising transmission links on human body. Measurement of the channel path gain with practical antennas and computer simulations of for body movement are presented. Performance of shorted microstrip patches is compared to that of monopole and disc-loaded monopole antennas. Different orientations of the shorted patches are compared. Use of simulations in the analysis of the effect of body dynamics on on-body antenna design and channel characterisation is demonstrated by numerical analysis of an FM wearable dipole antenna and simulations of the path gain variation while the user is standing up. (7 pages)
On the Industrial Applications of Moiré and Fringe Projection Techniques

Abstract: This paper describes a set of tools and procedures based on the moiré and fringe projection techniques, which were developed to suit the requirements of real industrial situations. Particular attention was paid to flexibility, robustness and reliability, ease of use and calibration, and cost efficiency. Three case studies are being discussed in the paper. The first case describes a prototype shadow moiré instrument, which was developed for the detection of surface defects such as barely visible impact damage or corrosion inside lap‐joints, during maintenance inspections of aeronautical structures. The second case presents a portable instrument based on the fringe projection technique for the automatic, full‐field measurement of the shape and deformation of an arbitrary object. The system has applications ranging from deformation measurement of bioprostheses to correction of shape effects in the photoelastic analysis of complex aerospace components. Finally, a portable instrument was developed for the measurement of the location, orientation, shape and deformation of an arbitrary object, by combining the fringe projection technique with the laser spot technique for distance measurement. The system was used to assist in the integration of non‐destructive evaluation techniques throughout the life cycle of an aircraft.
Generating Quad Mesh of 3D Articulated Shape for Sculpting Modeling

In this paper, we propose a novel quad remeshing algorithm for articulated shapes. Different from existing methods that are essentially based on local analysis to align with local geometric features, our method focuses on the global structure and generates quad mesh with edge flow aligning with the skeleton. To achieve this, we firstly extract the skeleton from 3D shape. It captures the global structure of the shape and decomposes the shape into feature parts. We detect tube-like parts and build sweeping surface on them. For joint part connecting tube-like parts, we generate a smooth cross field interpolating the directions from its adjacent tube-like parts. Using this cross field, we generate the quad mesh of joint part. It smoothly connects adjacent sweep surfaces. The mesh models generated in our system greatly benefit the sculpting operators for sculpting modeling and skeleton-based animation.