Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Multiple Water Impinging Jet Array on Quenching Hot Rotary Hollow Cylinders

- Experimental study has been carried out to investigate transient quenching of a rotary hollow cylinder by water impinging jets in multiple jet arrays. Subcooled water jets ( ∆𝑇 𝑠𝑢𝑏 = 55-85K) were placed into two types of nozzle arrays: 1-row and 2-row in-line array. The flow rate of water jets varied from 2.7 to 10.9 L/min, impinging on hot rotary cylinder ( 𝑇 𝑖 =600℃) with rotation speed 10-50 rpm and different curvature ratio ( 𝐷 𝑜 / d = 12, 19 and 24). The local average and maximum boiling heat transfer at water jet’s stagnation point revealed effect of studied quenching parameters and multiple jet arrays in the boiling heat transfer. The result showed among the studied parameters, jet’s flow rate and curvature ratio influenced heat transfer in all the boiling regimes. Rotation speed was effective in film and transition boiling regime and strong effect of subcooling was captured in the transition boiling regime. The characteristics of maximum heat flux point in the boiling curve were found to be dependent on the studied quenching parameters as well as array of nozzles. Multiple jet arrays had effect on the spatial variation and rate of boiling heat transfer on quenching surface. Higher area-averaged and maximum surface heat flux was obtained by 2-row array while array’s total flow rate was kept constant. It was found that by impinging constant water flow rate into the jets, 2-row array with twice the number of impinging jets enhanced heat transfer significantly in film and transition boiling regime in combination with other quenching parameters.
Meso-Scale Modelling of the Mechanical Properties of Concrete Affected by Radiation-Induced Aggregate Expansion

To evaluate the radiation-induced degradation of concrete, a rigid-body spring network model is introduced that takes into account the three phases in concrete: mortar, aggregate, and the interfacial transition zone. The proposed model enables evaluation of the change in the physical properties of concrete affected by aggregate expansion under the free restraint condition. Good agreement with previous experimental data is found for the linear expansion of the concrete specimen and the compressive strength, Young’s modulus, and splitting tensile strength. Based on the numerical results, it is concluded that, to reproduce the physical property changes in concrete, the expansion of mortar due to the radia-tion-induced expansion of fine aggregate and/or creep behavior must be considered. In addition, it is clarified that an isolated expansion of mortar with a lack of expansion in the coarse aggregate also degrades the concrete and, conse-quently, analysis of the type of aggregate used is critical for predicting the properties of concrete under neutron irradiation. Furthermore, the impact of inhomogeneous expansion of rock-forming minerals in coarse aggregates on physical property changes is studied, showing that such a partial expansion in the aggregates and the resultant cracks in aggregates greatly influences the reduction of the Young’s modulus, with minimal impact on the reduction of compressive strength. The proposed model can be used to evaluate concrete degradation due to radiation-induced volumetric expansion of aggregate caused by the metamictization of rock-forming minerals.
Comparing of Some Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Architectures for Lane Detection

Advanced driver assistance functions help us prevent the human-based accidents and reduce the damage and costs. One of the most important functions is the lane keeping assist which keeps the car safely in its lane by preventing careless lane changes. Therefore, many researches focused on the lane detection using an onboard camera on the car as a cost-effective sensor solution and used conventional computer vision techniques. Even though these techniques provided successful outputs regarding lane detection, they were time-consuming and required hand-crafted stuff in scenario-based parameter tuning. Deep learning-based techniques have been used in lane detection in the last decade. More successful results were obtained with fewer parameter tuning and hand-crafted things. The most popular deep learning method for lane detection is convolutional neural networks (CNN). In this study, some reputed CNN architectures were used as a basis for developing a deep neural network. This network outputs were the lane line coefficients to fit a second order polynomial. In the experiments, the developed network was investigated by comparing the performance of the CNN architectures. The results showed that the deeper architectures with bigger batch size are stronger than the shallow ones.
Take Care When Cutting

Education research that omits or insufficiently defines geographic locale can impair policy formulation, enactment, and evaluation. Such impairments might be especially detrimental for communities in rural and/or remote areas, particularly when they pertain to gifted education programs that struggle to operate at large scale (e.g., Advanced Placement). To enhance researchers’ precision when analyzing school-level data, we developed five statistical approaches to operationalize rurality and remoteness using the Urban-Centric codes from the National Center of Education Statistics. With national data, we found important variations across these statistical approaches in (a) percentage of schools identified as rural and/or remote, (b) effect sizes, and (c) characterizations of schools’ relative disadvantage in the breadth of opportunity to learn Advanced Placement content that they provide. These findings challenge prevailing practices of classifying communities dichotomously as nonrural or rural. The authors demonstrate several ways to address policy makers’ and practitioners’ needs by incorporating geographic locale into analyses of school data, operationalizing geographic locale precisely in theoretically sound ways, and avoiding dichotomies that can obscure meaningful variation.
Electron density in the solar corona from type III radio bursts

It has been proven that electron density in the solar corona is determined by observing the frequency drift of type III radio bursts. We investigated the certain dependence of the scale height on the distance, which allows us to obtain different dependence of the frequency drift rate (FDR) on the frequency. The scale height is presented in a combination of two distance dependencies as H = αλT + (1 − α)f(rr). As a result of integration of equation, we obtain the electron density ne(rr) in the form ne = n0(1 + y)−1 (1−α)b ⁄ , yy = 1−αα αα bb rr λλTT and the constants are determined in comparison with the empirical formulas for FDR. In particular, using the well-known empirical formula dddd/dddd = −0.01dd1. 84, we can obtain (1 − α)b = 0.42. The obtained calculation results are compared with the results of other authors and they have been found to be consistent when choosing the parameters included in the formula. The calculation shows that this formula is in good agreement with the data at distances from the lower corona to the Earth's orbit. This dependence of electron density makes it possible to agree with the observed FDR as a function of frequency.
Recent development of endoscopic ultrasonography-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collections

Peripancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) usually occur as a local complication of acute pancreatitis. In the Atlanta classification revised in 2012, local complications are categorized into acute PFC, acute necrotic collection, pancreatic pseudocyst, and walled-off necrosis. The latter two are indications for drainage. With the development of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided interventions, EUS-guided drainage of PFCs is now established as a standard treatment due to the advantages of lower cost, shorter hospital stay, and faster recovery. This article provides a brief introduction of PFCs and information on EUS-guided drainage of PFCs with a review of literature.
FTIR spectroscopic studies on the heterogeneous transformation of cellulose I into cellulose II

The heterogeneous transformation of cellulose I into cellulose II via Na-cellulose I was performed by an alkali treatment of cotton linters followed by stepwise washing. Two experimental series were carried out, one with NaOH/H 2 O and the other with NaOD/D 2 O. Changes in the cellulose structure were studied by FTIR spectroscopy. Various reactions such as the inclusion of alkali and water in the cellulose lattice, splitting and new formation of inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonds are discussed regarding the absorbance variations and wavenumber shifts of several bands
Simulation of Magnetic-Field-Induced Ion Motion in Vacuum Arc Deposition for Inner Surfaces of Tubular Workpiece

A simulation of magnetic-field-induced ion motion in vacuum arc deposition for the inner surfaces of a tubular workpiece was performed. An auxiliary magnetic field was set to guide the motion of ions inside a pipe, with different magnetic flux densities and ion emission parameters. The results showed the trajectories, deposition ratio and depth of the ions can be controlled via a magnetic field. Within a certain range, the deposition ratio of the ions increases with magnetic flux density. When the magnetic flux density reached a certain value, both the trajectories and deposition ratio of the ions exhibited an obvious periodicity. The depth at which the ions were deposited decreased as an exponential function of the magnetic flux density and ion emission radius, respectively. With an increase in the emission angle, the deposition depth decreased linearly. A numerical model was proposed to express the distribution of the deposition depth. In addition, the deposition ratio and depth are improved with a magnetic field in an environment with a certain density of neutral gas.
The Aumann–Serrano Performance Index for Multi-Period Gambles in Stock Data

We present an empirical study of the Aumann-Serrano performance index for multi-period gambles when the underlying stochastic process is assumed to be a normal mixture process with time-varying volatility. We compare the Aumann-Serrano performance index for multi-period gambles with that for one-period gambles as well as the Sharpe ratio. Our empirical study is obtained using a selection of U.S. stock data and shows evaluation of a selection of stocks becomes more distinct in multi-period gambles than in one-period gambles in the sense that a favorable evaluation score becomes even better in multi-period gambles than in one-period gambles while an unfavorable evaluation score becomes even worse in multi-period gambles than in one-period gambles.
Riverine Dissolved Organic Carbon and Freshwater Export in the Eastern Gulf of Alaska

The coastal zone of southeast Alaska contains thousands of streams and rivers that drain one of the wettest, carbon‐rich, and most topographically varied regions in North America. Watersheds draining temperate rainforests, peatlands, glaciers, and three large rivers that flow from the drier interior of the Yukon Territory and British Columbia discharge water and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) into southeast Alaskan coastal waters. This area, which we have designated the southeast Alaska drainage basin (SEAKDB), discharges about twice as much water as the Columbia or Yukon Rivers. An understanding of the timing, location, and source of water and DOC guides research to better understand the influence of terrestrial outputs on the adjacent marine systems. Additionally, a spatially extensive understanding of riverine DOC flux will improve our understanding of lateral losses related to terrestrial carbon cycling. We estimate 1.17 Tg C yr−1 of DOC enters the adjacent marine system along with 430 km2 of freshwater that influences estuary, shelf, and Gulf of Alaska hydrology. We estimate that 23% to 66% of the DOC entering coastal waters is bioavailable and may influence metabolism and productivity within the marine system. The combination of the large and spatially distributed water and DOC input, long and complex shoreline, large enclosed estuarine volume, and bounded nearshore coastal currents suggests that the physiographic structure of southeast Alaska may have a significant impact on the metabolism of riverine DOC in coastal marine ecosystems.
Learning Analytics for Blended Learning: A Systematic Review of Theory, Methodology, and Ethical Considerations

Learning Analytics (LA) approaches in Blended Learning (BL) research is becoming an established field. In the light of previous critiqued toward LA for not being grounded in theory, the General Data Protection and a renewed focus on individuals’ integrity, this review aims to explore the use of theories, the methodological and analytic approaches in educational settings, along with surveying ethical and legal considerations. The review also maps and explores the outcomes and discusses the pitfalls and potentials currently seen in the field. Journal articles and conference papers were identified through systematic search across relevant databases. 70 papers met the inclusion criteria: they applied LA within a BL setting, were peer-reviewed, full-papers, and if they were in English. The results reveal that the use of theoretical and methodological approaches was disperse, we identified approaches of BL not included in categories of BL in existing BL literature and suggest these may be referred to as hybrid blended learning, that ethical considerations and legal requirements have often been overlooked. We highlight critical issues that contribute to raise awareness and inform alignment for future research to ameliorate diffuse applications within the field of LA.
Microgaster godzilla (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), an unusual new species from Japan which dives underwater to parasitize its caterpillar host (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Acentropinae)

A new species of Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitoid wasp, Microgaster godzilla Fernandez-Triana & Kamino, is described from Japan. From a biological and morphological perspective this is a very unusual species. It represents only the third known microgastrine to be aquatic, and the first one to be found entering the water. The female wasp searches for its hosts, aquatic larvae of Elophila turbata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), mostly by walking over floating plants, but occasionally diving underwater for several seconds to force the larva out of its case, when it is quickly parasitized (parasitization was always observed above water). The unique searching behaviour of M. godzilla as well as its parasitization of aquatic larvae was filmed and it is presented here. The wasp has simple tarsal claws, which are elongate and strongly curved, similar to those found in the related genus Hygroplitis; they seem to represent an adaptation for gripping to the substrate when entering the water. The new species is described based on morphological, molecular (DNA barcoding), biological and ethological data. Additionally, we provide detailed diagnoses to recognize M. godzilla from all other described species of Microgaster and Hygroplitis in the Palearctic, Nearctic and Oriental regions. JHR 79: 15–26 (2020) doi: 10.3897/jhr.79. 56162 https://jhr.pensoft. net Copyright Jose Fernandez-Triana et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. RESEARCH ARTICLE Jose Fernandez-Triana et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 15–26 (2020) 16
Quantile association regression on bivariate survival data

The association between two event times is of scientific importance in various fields. Due to population heterogeneity, it is desirable to examine the degree to which local association depends on different characteristics of the population. Here we adopt a novel quantile‐based local association measure and propose a conditional quantile association regression model to allow covariate effects on local association of two survival times. Estimating equations for the quantile association coefficients are constructed based on the relationship between this quantile association measure and the conditional copula. Asymptotic properties for the resulting estimators are rigorously derived, and induced smoothing is used to obtain the covariance matrix. Through simulations we demonstrate the good practical performance of the proposed inference procedures. An application to age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) data reals interesting varying effects of the baseline AMD severity score on the local association between two AMD progression times.
Long-Term Climate Variability in the Mediterranean Region

The Mediterranean region is an area where prediction at different timescales (subseasonal to decadal or even longer) is challenging. In order to help constrain future projections, the study of past climate is crucial. By improving our knowledge about the past and current climate, our confidence in understanding the future climate will be improved. In this Special Issue, information about long-term climate variability in the Mediterranean region is assessed, including in particular historical climatology and model applications to assess past climate variability, present climate evolution, and future climate projections. The seven articles included in this Special Issue explore observations, proxies, re-analyses, and models for assessing the main characteristics, processes, and variability of the Mediterranean climate. The temporal range of these articles not only covers a wide period going from the present day to as far back as 25 centuries into the past but also covers projections of future climate over the next century.
Interaction of hydric and thermal conditions drive geographic variation in thermoregulation in a widespread lizard

Behavioral thermoregulation is an efficient mechanism to buffer the physiological effects of climate change. Thermal ecology studies have traditionally tested how thermal constraints shape thermoregulatory behaviors without accounting for the potential major effects of landscape structure and water availability. Thus, we lack a general understanding of the multifactorial determinants of thermoregulatory behaviors in natural populations. In this study, we quantified the relative contribution of elevation, thermal gradient, moisture gradient, and landscape structure in explaining geographic variation in thermoregulation strategies of a terrestrial ectotherm species. We measured field-active body temperature, thermal preferences, and operative environmental temperatures to calculate thermoregulation indices, including thermal quality of the habitat and thermoregulation efficiency for a very large sample of common lizards (Zootoca vivipara) from 21 populations over 3 yr across the Massif Central mountain range in France. We used an information-theoretic approach to compare eight a priori thermo-hydroregulation hypotheses predicting how behavioral thermoregulation should respond to environmental conditions. Environmental characteristics exerted little influence on thermal preference with the exception that females from habitats with permanent access to water had lower thermal preferences. Field body temperatures and accuracy of thermoregulation were best predicted by the interaction between air temperature and a moisture index. In mesic environments, field body temperature and thermoregulation accuracy increased with air temperature, but they decreased in drier habitats. Thermoregulation efficiency (difference between thermoregulation inaccuracy and the thermal quality of the habitat) was maximized in cooler and more humid environments and was mostly influenced by the thermal quality of the habitat. Our study highlights complex patterns of variation in thermoregulation strategies, which are mostly explained by the interaction between temperature and water availability, independent of the elevation gradient or thermal heterogeneity. Although changes in landscape structure were expected to be the main driver of extinction rate of temperate zone ectotherms with ongoing global change, we conclude that changes in water availability coupled with rising temperatures might have a drastic impact on the population dynamics of some ectotherm species.
COVID‐19, public procurement regimes and trade policy

Abstract This paper analyses a prominent dimension of the initial policy response to the COVID‐19 pandemic observed in many countries: the imposition of export restrictions and actions to facilitate imports. Using weekly data on the use of trade policy instruments during the first seven months of the COVID‐19 pandemic (January–July, 2020), we assess the relationship between the use of trade policy instruments and attributes of pre‐crisis public procurement regulation. Controlling for country size, government effectiveness and economic factors, we find that use of export restrictions targeting medical products is strongly positively correlated with the total number of steps and average time required to complete procurement processes in the pre‐crisis period. Membership of trade agreements encompassing public procurement disciplines is associated with actions to facilitate trade in medical products. These findings suggest future empirical assessments of the drivers of trade policy during the pandemic should consider public procurement systems.
Amino resin microcapsules. I. Literature and patent review

Amino resins can be applied as well materials for the microencapsulation of drugs, agrochemicals, adhesives, and dyestuff systems for pressure-sensitive copying paper. The microencapsulation is carried out with unmodified or modified, etherified or non-etherified amino resins, in most cases with addition of water-soluble polymers as protective colloids. Aminoharze konnen als Wandmaterial bei der Mikroverkapselung von Pharmaka, Agrochemikalien, Klebstoffen und Farbstoffsystemen fur Reaktionsdurchschreibepapiere verwendet werden. Die Mikroverkapselung erfolgt mit unmodifizierten oder modifizierten, veretherten oder unveretherten Aminoharzen, meist unter Zusatz wasserloslic her polymerer Verbindungen als Schutzkolloid.
Testing the motivational tradeoffs between pathogen avoidance and status acquisition

To reduce disease transmission through interpersonal contact, humans have evolved a behavioral immune system that facilitates identification and avoidance of pathogens. One behavioral strategy in response to pathogenic threat is the adoption of interpersonal reticence. However, reticence may impede status acquisition. This program of research tested whether activating pathogen-avoidant motives through priming fosters reticence related to status, namely disinterest in pursuing a group leadership position (Study 1) or disinterest in accepting a group leadership position bestowed onto them (Study 2). Individuals high in germ aversion were particularly interested in pursuing leadership as a form of status, with disease salience unexpectedly heightening status motives among those low in germ aversion. Furthermore, those high in perceived infectability reported reluctance for high-status positions, although disease salience heightened interest in accepting such positions. We contextualize findings by identifying dispositional and situational factors that foster individuals to invoke motivational tradeoffs.