Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in Air Quality Associated with Mobility Trends and Meteorological Conditions during COVID-19 Lockdown in Northern England, UK

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered catastrophic impacts on human life, but at the same time demonstrated positive impacts on air quality. In this study, the impact of COVID-19 lockdown interventions on five major air pollutants during the pre-lockdown, lockdown, and post-lockdown periods is analysed in three urban areas in Northern England: Leeds, Sheffield, and Manchester. A Generalised Additive Model (GAM) was implemented to eliminate the effects of meteorological factors from air quality to understand the variations in air pollutant levels exclusively caused by reductions in emissions. Comparison of lockdown with pre-lockdown period exhibited noticeable reductions in concentrations of NO (56.68–74.16%), NO2 (18.06–47.15%), and NOx (35.81–56.52%) for measured data. However, PM10 and PM2.5 levels demonstrated positive gain during lockdown ranging from 21.96–62.00% and 36.24–80.31%, respectively. Comparison of lockdown period with the equivalent period in 2019 also showed reductions in air pollutant concentrations, ranging 43.31–69.75% for NO, 41.52–62.99% for NOx, 37.13–55.54% for NO2, 2.36–19.02% for PM10, and 29.93–40.26% for PM2.5. Back trajectory analysis was performed to show the air mass origin during the pre-lockdown and lockdown periods. Further, the analysis showed a positive association of mobility data with gaseous pollutants and a negative correlation with particulate matter.
Maintaining and revitalising Balinese language in public space

ABSTRACT Kuta in Bali, is an over developed urban city, observed through the emergence of outdoor signs along the main streets. However, there were no local laws to regulate the use of local language in public spaces, which led to the marginalisation of the Balinese language. In 2018, Bali’s Governor Regulation no. 80/2018 was issued to regulate the use of languages in Bali, exclusively to maintain local language in public spaces. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of the regulation on the use of local language in Kuta’s public spaces. The data were collected from six main streets in Kuta in January 2020. The result showed that the Balinese language had gained a prestigious position in public space with its addition on many outdoor signages. Conversely, this regulation is alleged to violate national law that obliges all public signs be in the Indonesian language and placed above local and or foreign languages on the same sign board.
Perceived warmth of offending group moderates the effect of intergroup apologies

The stereotype content model provides a framework for understanding contextual and relational factors that may explain why some intergroup apologies are ineffective. Using actual and fictional scenarios, we examined whether the apology–forgiveness relationship and the apology–remorse relationship were dependent on the victim-group members’ perceived warmth of the offending group. Studies 1 (N = 101) and 2 (N = 109) demonstrated that the perceived warmth of the offending group moderated the influence of apology on forgiveness. The interaction effect between apology and forgiveness and that between apology and perceived remorse were qualified in three-way interactions in Studies 3 (N = 235) and 4 (N = 586). The warmth-by-apology interaction was detectable among those who were highly offended by the incident. In all four experiments, we found an indirect effect of perceived warmth on forgiveness through perceived remorse. The perceived lack of warmth associated with offending groups may help explain the muted effectiveness of intergroup apologies.
High Salt Diet Blunted Baroreflex Sensitivity (BRS) to Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion (BCCO) in Male Sprague –Dawley Rats – Permissive Effect of Testosterone

Autonomic dysfunction is involved in the onset of salt-sensitive hypertension as baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) is blunted in salt-sensitive hypertension. However, salt sensitivity exhibits sex disparity because in salt-sensitive hypertension, blood pressure (BP) is usually higher in males when compared with females. The mechanism(s) underlying this sexual dimorphism is not clear. We, therefore, designed this study to determine BRS in weanling male Sprague – Dawley rats that were either bilaterally orchidectomized or sham-operated (under ketamine and xylazine anaesthesia (90 mg and 10 mg/kg/body weight i.m) respectively, with or without testosterone replacement (10 mg/kg sustanon 250® i.m once in 3 weeks) and were placed on normal (0.3%) or high (8%) NaCl diet for 6 weeks. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured via arterial cannulation under urethane and α-chloralose anesthesia (5 ml/kg body weight i.p). BRS was determined as change in HR per unit change in BP in response to 30 seconds bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCO). Serum concentration of testosterone was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). High salt diet (HSD) increased both the basal BP and peak BP after BCCO when compared with control. Orchidectomy attenuated but testosterone replacement restored the elevated BP in rats fed HSD. HSD blunted BRS to BCCO. However, this effect of HSD was lost in the absence of testosterone as there was no significant difference in BRS between rat fed a normal or high salt diet. Our results suggest that blunting of the BRS may be one of the mechanisms by which testosterone promotes salt-induced hypertension and serves as one of the bases for sex disparity in salt-sensitive hypertension.
Enhancing the sustainability of tree growing by smallholder farmers in remote areas: an insight from Madagascar

ABSTRACT This paper explores key elements of an extension approach for enhancing the sustainability and realizing the scaling-up of tree growing by smallholder farmers in rural remote areas where extension services seldom reach and access to external markets is difficult. By referring to the case in Madagascar, the paper discusses that creating a certain number of local trainers is effective because they function as a driver to promote tree growing and new livelihood activities introduced by external agents using locally available resources. One critical issue of being a local trainer is to have good communication skills in relation to fellow farmers. This issue can be addressed by sharing the importance of communication skills of local trainers in a community so that fellow farmers can facilitate local trainers’ reflection unless a farmer does not feel reliable to a local trainer. On a mid- to longer-term basis, income opportunities will become an important point of motivation for local trainers. Creating new livelihood activities that can generate income and simultaneously contribute to village development is the way to go. This will enable local trainers to maintain their motivation and thus lead to sustainable tree growing activities.
Does Ethiopian Competitive in Export of Coffee so far and What Determines it? Evidence from Revealed Comparative Advantage and Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model

As an export commodity coffee industry contributes to the economies of both exporting and importing countries. The aim of the study involves competitiveness and determinant of coffee export in Ethiopia through the period of 1990–2018 observations. To explain the level of comparative advantage and competitiveness respectively Revealed Comparative Advantage and Syematric Revealed Comparative Advantage were employed. To capture determinans of coffee ARDL model with bound testing to co-integration approach was employed to investigate the long-run association between Ethiopian total coffee export in bags (60kg each) with domestic coffee production, world coffee price, real exchange rate, FDI, world coffee production and price ratio. Even though Ethiopia has the comparative advantage in the export of coffee, however, the share it in the international market low in amount and not inlined with RCA. Bound testing to co-integration approach result confirmed the existence of a long-run relationship between total coffee exports of Ethiopia with its independent variables. The analysis pointed out that in the long run the extent of domestic coffee production, world price, and real exchange rate positively and significantly affects total coffee export. However, FDI, price ratio, world production of coffee have negative & significant effects. In the short-run Ethiopian total coffee export defined as a positive significant function of domestic coffee production and real exchange rate positive but insignificant effect with Level of RCA and world price as well as a negative function of FDI, price ratio, and world production of coffee. Coefﬁcient Error Correction Model (ECM (-1)) was negative and signiﬁcant with a value of 134.4 % of the adjustment would make each year and return to its long-run equilibrium after 1.3 years. The policy implication calls for addressing issues of the combined effect of the policy setting, institutions, and market failures to avoid the evil effect of the sector.
Predict and Simulate Sustainable Urban Growth by Using GIS and MCE Based CA. Case of Famagusta in Northern Cyprus

The research study utilizes Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE) method in geographic information systems (GIS) environment and uses MCE suitability maps with Cellular Automata (CA) for predicting and simulating sustainable urban development scenarios in Famagusta City. It represents first scenario-based simulations of the future growth of Famagusta as “do-nothing” and “sustainable”. Under the do-nothing scenario, Markov Chain probability analysis with CA models is used with temporal land-use/cover datasets based on the images from 2002 and 2011. It shows that, Famagusta City is moving away from sustainable development. Future expansion of both medium-density and low-density urban zones are always located around existing built-up urban area along transportation lines. A similar model is employed by applying sustainable urban development policies by the policy driven scenario. As a main goal, sustainable urban development includes three main criteria, compactness, environmental protection, and social equity. Additionally, brownfield development, distance from center, soil characteristics, soil productivity, vegetation, environmental protection areas (EPA), distance from local services, distance from open space are used as criteria with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Having such a simulation with the combination of MCE, GIS, and CA has several advantages. Prediction of urban growth presents possible alternative development in the future; visualization of decision making easier for town planners and supports the spatial planning process; and creates more realistic results of our choices related to urban growth.
Geomorphic diversity of the Indian sub‐continent: Progress and updates

This commentary is designed to highlight the recent contributions on Indian geomorphology that have been published in Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (ESPL). A large number of papers included in this commentary have been published as part of the special issue on Indian geomorphology. However, I have taken the liberty of including a few others that appeared in ESPL in the last couple of years. These papers have covered a variety of topics ranging from erosion rates in Himalayan basins, miliolites in peninsular India, flood risk, connectivity concept, socio‐hydrology, and paleoclimatic reconstruction from lake sediments. They have also utilized a wide range of methodologies and tools including fractals, remote sensing, cosmogenic nuclides, and modelling. It is hoped that this commentary will put the diversity of Indian geomorphology in the correct perspective and will encourage geomorphologists across the world to continue their excellent research.
Effect of Tamoxifen on Ethanol Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats

Background: Tamoxifen is selective estrogen receptor modulators, used in treatment of breast cancer, some literatures reported its impact on the process of peroxidation. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of tamoxifen on ethanol induced gastric ulcer in rats. Method: Gastric ulcers were induced in Wistar albino rats by oral administration of absolute alcohol (1 ml/200 g). Antiulcer activity of tamoxifen (0.5 and 10 mg/kg, p.o.) was observed and compared to standard drug (omeprazole 20mg/kg, p.o.), the ulcer index, ulcers numbers, lengths, gastric volume and total gastric acidity were evaluated. Histopathology is performed for confirmation. Results: Tamoxifen in 10mg/kg dose produced a highly significant (P<0.001) decrease in ulcer parameters studied compared to ulcer control. While 0.5 mg/kg of tamoxifen produced a less significant (P<0.01) effect on gastric volume when compared to the ulcer group. The anti-ulcer effects of the drug of interest is highly compared to omeprazole was very, surprisingly; the higher dose of tamoxifen produced even a much significant reduction in gastric volume and ulcers length compered to standard drug. Conclusion: Tamoxifen shows significant antiulcer activity against ethanol induced gastric ulcers, and this could possibly related to its antioxidant properties.
Smart Farming through Responsible Leadership in Bangladesh: Possibilities, Opportunities, and Beyond

Smart farming has the potential to overcome the challenge of 2050 to feed 10 billion people. Both artificial intelligence (AI) and the internet of things (IoT) have become critical prerequisites to smart farming due to their high interoperability, sensors, and cutting-edge technologies. Extending the role of responsible leadership, this paper proposes an AI and IoT based smart farming system in Bangladesh. With a comprehensive literature review, this paper counsels the need to go beyond the simple application of traditional farming and irrigation practices and recommends implementing smart farming enabling responsible leadership to uphold sustainable agriculture. It contributes to the current literature of smart farming in several ways. First, this paper helps to understand the prospect and challenges of both AI and IoT and the requirement of smart farming in a nonwestern context. Second, it clarifies the interventions of responsible leadership into Bangladesh’s agriculture sector and justifies the demand for sustainable smart farming. Third, this paper is a step forward to explore future empirical studies for the effective and efficient use of AI and IoT to adopt smart farming. Finally, this paper will help policymakers to take responsible initiatives to plan and apply smart farming in a developing economy like Bangladesh.
Identification of Key Genes and Underlying Mechanisms in Acute Kawasaki Disease Based on Bioinformatics Analysis

Background Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis that predominantly occurs in children, but the pathogenesis of KD remains unclear. Here, we explored key genes and underlying mechanisms potentially involved in KD using bioinformatic analyses. Material/Methods The shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in KD compared to control samples were identified using the microarray data from the Gene Expression Omnibus Series (GSE) 18606, GSE68004, and GSE73461. Analyses of the functional annotation, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, microRNA-target DEGs regulatory network, and immune cell infiltration were performed. The expression of hub genes before and after intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment in KD was further verified using GSE16797. Results A total of 195 shared DEGs (164 upregulated and 31 downregulated genes) were identified between KD and healthy controls. These shared DEGs were mainly enriched in immune and inflammatory responses. Ten upregulated hub genes (ITGAX, SPI1, LILRB2, MMP9, S100A12, C3AR1, RETN, MAPK14, TLR5, MYD88) and the most significant module were identified in the PPI network. There were 309 regulatory relationships detected within 70 predicted microRNAs and 193 target DEGs. The immune cell infiltration analysis showed that monocytes, neutrophils, activated mast cells, and activated natural killer cells had relatively high proportions and were significantly more infiltrated in KD samples. Six hub genes of ITGAX, LILRB2, C3AR1, MAPK14, TLR5, and MYD88 were markedly downregulated after IVIG treatment for KD. Conclusions Our study identified the candidate genes and associated molecules that may be related to the KD process, and provided new insights into potential mechanisms and therapeutic targets for KD.
Analysis of COVID-19 based on SEIR epidemic models in a multi-patch environment

In this paper, an n-patch SEIR epidemic model for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is presented. It is shown that there is unique disease-free equilibrium for this model. Then, the dynamic behavior is studied by the basic reproduction number. Some numerical simulations with three patches are given to validate the effectiveness of the theoretical results. The influence of quarantined rate and population migration rate on the basic reproduction number is also discussed by simulation.
A Transfer Learning Based Unmanned Aerial Vehicle MEMS Inertial Sensors Fault Diagnosis Method

In this paper, we propose a novel transfer learning based micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) inertial sensors fault diagnosis method. First, the MEMS inertial sensors fault diagnosis method is formulated to a deep transfer learning problem in which the offline samples are deemed as source domain and the online samples are set to target domain features. Second, the bidirectional long short-term memory and Hilbert-Huang transformation-based feature transfer model is designed to decrease the discrepancy between SD and TD, that performs the transfer operation using intrinsic mode function features. Then we propose a convolutional neuro network-based transfer learning algorithm to further decrease deep features discrepancy and perform the fault classification tasks on TD. According to the experiments, the proposed FD method has achieved excellent fault classification performance and significantly improvement comparing with the state-of-the art methods.
PENERAPAN ALGORITMA K-MEANS CLUSTERING ANALYSIS PADA KASUS PENDERITA HIV/AIDS (STUDI KASUS KABUPATEN BANJAR)

Penggabungan data mining dengan kemampuan dalam mengelola dan mengolah database, statistika dan kecerdasan buatan telah banyak diterapkan dalam berbagai bidang. Penerapannya beragam, tergantung pada bagaimana data itu didistribusikan dan dimanfaatkan. Ada yang diterapkan di bidang kemiliteran, pendidikan, kesehatan, keuangan dan masih banyak lagi lainnya. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini ialah untuk menganalisis jumlah kasus HIV/AIDS yang ada di Kabupaten Banjar dengan penyebaran di 20 Kecamatan didalamnya. Data yang dijadikan sumber berasal dari RSUD Ratu Zalecha Martapura. Analisis didukung dengan teknik clustering dengan pemilihan algoritma k-means dalam mengidentifikasi similaritas antar data. Jumlah kluster yang ditentukan dalam implementasi algoritma k-means adalah 3 kluster. Masing-masing kluster memiliki nilai rata-rata yang berbeda. Masing-masing kluster menunjukkan label tingkat kerawanan terjadinya HIV di tiap kecamatan yang berada di wilayah Kabupaten Banjar.Kata Kunci : Clustering, Data Mining, HIV/AIDS, Kesehatan, k-Means
Tripartite symbioses regulate plant–soil feedback in alder

1. Plant– soil feedbacks regulate plant productivity and diversity, but potential mech anisms underpinning such feedbacks, such as the allocation of recent plant assimi -late, remain largely untested especially for plants forming tripartite symbioses. 2. We tested how soils from under alder Alnus glutinosa and beneath other species of the same and different families affected alder growth and nutrition, and coloni zation of roots by nitrogen- fixing Frankia bacteria and ectomycorrhizal fungi. We also measured how the soil environment affected carbon capture and allocation by pulse labelling seedlings with 13 CO 2 . We then tested for linkages between fo liar nutrient stoichiometry and carbon capture and allocation and soil origin using statistical modelling approaches. 3.
Citizens-based Assessment of a Renovation Facilitating Policy in Urban Deteriorated Areas: An Ordinal Logistic Regression Model

Este estudio probó qué factores latentes existen que podrían afectar significativamente la evaluación de desempeño basada en los ciudadanos de la Oficina de Servicios de Renovación de Vecindarios (NRSO), que es una política que facilita la renovación urbana. Doscientos residentes de áreas urbanas deterioradas (UDA) en los vecindarios de Fallah y Yaftabad fueronentrevistados mediante cuestionarios. Para analizar los resultados de los cuestionarios, primero se empleó un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (EFA) para identificar los factores subyacentes para la evaluación de la política mencionada y, posteriormente, la Regresión Logística Ordinal (OLR) para modelar los factores relacionados con la evaluación del desempeño. Los residentes que estaban más familiarizados con los planes y políticas evaluaron el desempeño de la oficina de renovación de manera más positiva. Además, si las NRSO quieren ser evaluadas como más efectivas en su intervención, necesitan potenciar el factor socioeconómico de su comunidad interactiva. El modelo OLR mostró que el sentido de lugar esotro factor subyacente significativo en este sentido. Sin embargo, la duración de la residencia a pesar de converger como factor en la EFA no mostró ningún impacto significativo según el modelo OLR.
Mapping the Cavity Optomechanical Interaction with Subwavelength-Sized Ultrasensitive Nanomechanical Force Sensors

In canonical optomechanical systems, mechanical vibrations are dynamically encoded on an optical probe field, which reciprocally exerts a backaction force. Because of the weak single-photon coupling strength achieved with macroscopic oscillators, most of the existing experiments were conducted with large photon numbers to achieve sizable effects, thereby hiding the original optomechanical nonlinearity. To increase the optomechanical interaction, we make use of subwavelength-sized ultrasensitive suspended nanowires inserted in the mode volume of a fiber-based microcavity. By scanning the nanowire within the cavity mode volume and measuring its impact on the cavity mode, we obtain a map of the 2D optomechanical interaction. Then, by using the toolbox of nanowire-based force-sensing protocols, we explore the backaction of the optomechanical interaction and map the optical force field experienced by the nanowire. These measurements also allow us to demonstrate the possibility to detect variations of the mean intracavity photon number smaller than unity. This implementation should also allow us to enter the promising regime of cavity optomechanics, where a single intracavity photon can displace the oscillator by more than its zero-point fluctuations, which will open novel perspectives in the field.
NEXUS BETWEEN CRUDE OIL, EXCHANGE RATE AND STOCK MARKET RETURNS: AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM INDIAN CONTEXT

Crude oil is considered as a major resource of any developing country it may be either Oil importing or exporting countries. The present study examines the relationship between the Exchange rate, Crude oil and Stock market returns. The study analyse the monthly observations from April 1, 2003 to March 31, 2019 with the help of Co integration, Granger causality, Variance Decomposition. The overall findings of the study indicate a significant effect of Crude oil on USD/INR Exchange rate. Theoretically, an oil price shock may be transmitted as the collapse in Crude prices pushes down the domestic price of non-traded products and hence the real Exchange rate and returns from Stock Market.