Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corn Germ Meal (CGM) - Potential Feed Ingredient for Livestock and Poultry in India- A Review

Sustained price increase for traditional feed ingredients like cereal grains, protein meals and other feed commodities is pushing the animal nutritionist to find less expensive and safe alternatives. Corn is the major feed ingredient both for livestock and poultry but its demand for human food, biofuel and bioindustrial products is increasing its cost and also the availability of its by-products. Corn germ meal (CGM) is a by-product from corn industry obtained after extraction of corn oil and has nutritional characters (with medium energy and protein) for inclusion in livestock and poultry feeds. Nutritional value of CGM is strongly influenced by method of oil extraction apart from the effect of type of corn used. The main limiting factor to use CGM at higher quantities in animal or poultry diets is its high fibre, oil and phytate contents. Many researches have been conducted in Brazil and other parts of the world where the availability of CGM is high due to corn processing industries on its level of inclusion in the diets of cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry and its effect on their production performances. In India corn industry is gaining importance resulting in production of CGM in appreciable quantities. In this regard a review has been under taken here on the recent studies and findings on nutritive value of CGM, level of inclusion in livestock and poultry diets.
Phylogenomics of the olive tree (Olea europaea) disentangles ancient allo- and autopolyploidizations in Lamiales

Background Polyploidization is one of the major evolutionary processes that shape eukaryotic genomes, being particularly common in plants. Polyploids can arise through direct genome doubling within a species (autopolyploidization) or through the merging of genomes from distinct species after hybridization (allopolyploidization). The relative contribution of either mechanism in plant evolution is debated. Here we used phylogenomics to dissect the tempo and mode of duplications in the genome of the olive tree (Olea europaea), one of the first domesticated Mediterranean fruit trees. Results Our results depict a complex scenario involving at least three past polyploidization events, of which two -at the bases of the family Oleaceae and the tribe Oleeae, respectively- are likely to be the result of ancient allopolyploidization. A more recent polyploidization involves specifically the olive tree and relatives. Conclusion Our results show the power of phylogenomics to distinguish between allo- and auto- polyplodization events and clarify the conundrum of past duplications in the olive tree lineage.
QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF JUICES PRODUCED WITH IRRADIATED GRAPES

- The aim of this study was to evaluate physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity, total phenolic, vitamin C and anthocyanins content of grape juices from cv. Isabel submitted to different UV-C doses. The fruits were harvested, sanitized and inserted into a UV-C radiation chamber, where different doses were applied: 0 kJ/m 2 (0 minutes); 0.68 kJ/m 2 (2 minutes); 2.73 kJ/m 2 (4 minutes); 4.10 kJ/m 2 (6 minutes). The grape juice was extracted at 75±5°C for 1 hour, using an equipment with steam extraction and submitted to evaluations after 0, 30, 60 and 90 days of cold storage. No significant differences were observed in grape juices submitted to radiation doses regarding the antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds. However, the vitamin C content was affected by different UV-C doses, where there was an increase in the values of the treated fruits during storage.
MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF THE CHLOROPLAST TRNL-F REGION IN LAND PLANTS 1

The trnL group I intron and the intergenic spacer between trnL and trnF are among the most widely utilized noncoding DNA regions in plant systematics. The trnL-F region is probably cotranscribed and located upstream of trnTUGU in the large single copy region of the chloroplast genome. Whereas in algal chloroplast genomes the three tRNA genes are widely scattered, they are found in tandem in land plants. This unique arrangement, therefore, seems to be a synapomorphy for land plants. Secondary structure analysis of the group I trnLUAA intron shows that high sequence variability is confined to certain stem-loop regions (P6, P8), whereas elements of the catalytic core (P, Q, R, S) are highly conserved across land plants. Considerable length differences, particularly in the stem loop P8, as well as in the trnT-L and trnL-F intergenic spacers, were observed among the diverse land plant lineages. Sequences found within mosses and liverworts were generally shorter than in most other lineages. It appears that certain elements in the trnLF spacer and in the most variable P8 stem-loop region of the trnL intron have originated by independent nucleotide additions. These elements do not share a common evolutionary history across all land plant lineages below seed plants because internally repeated sequence segments have further diversified, actually being internal paralogous stretches. Most of the length variation in the trnL-F spacer occurs between the putative sigma 70-type bacterial promoter motif upstream of trnF and the trn L3 9 exon. Apart from leptosporangiate ferns, lycophytes, and Gnetales this conserved promoter motif is present in most of the land plant lineages sampled as well as in Chaetosphaeridium. Structural data were used to assess the effect that compensating base pair changes (CBC) in helical elements of the intron have for phylogenetic reconstructions. Such changes significantly contribute to the phylogenetic structure of the data set. Although the inclusion of CBCs in general violates the requirement of character independence, their effect is rather comparable to weighting characters. The contribution of CBCs to the total amount of phylogenetic signal is found to be less significant within terminal land plant lineages, such as pleurocarpous mosses or angiosperms, because helical elements are conserved in their primary sequence and variation is lower within these terminal lineages.
Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Oats (Avena sativa) Grown in Mixture with Vetch (Vicia villosa) with or Without Phosphorus Fertilization in East shoa Zone, Ethiopia

A study was conducted to determine forage chemical composition as well as in vitro and in sacco dry matter digestibility of oats-vetch mixture forage. The study was conducted in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The first factor was five different seed proportions, i.e., 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of oats and the remains vetch for SP1, SP2, SP3, SP4 and SP5, respectively. The sole oat had a seeding rate of Oats 80 kg/ha or 48 gm/plot, and that of sole vetch had a seeding rate of 25 kg/ha or 15 g/plot. The second factor was either without (P0) or with (P1) phosphorus fertilizer (DAP) application at a rate of 100 kg/ha or 60 g/plot. The size of the plots was 3 × 2 m. Seeds were drilled by hand in rows 30 cm apart, spaced approximately 5 cm between plants and covered with soil to about 3 cm depth. The CP content of forages was affected (P 0.05) by both seed proportion and phosphorus application. Conversely, in sacco DM degradability was significantly affected (P<0.01) by seed proportion across the different incubation hours, but without a consistent trend for a conclusive remark.
Timing of Song Thrush Turdus philomelos on pre-nuptial migration in southern Italy

Abstract We studied the presence and movements of Song Thrush along the southern Tyrrhenian coast line in the region of Campania, from 2013 to 2016, in order to establish the timing of northward migration. We captured and ringed 150 birds with standardised mist-netting. There was little evidence of migration from the second 10-day period of January, when the trapping began, until the first 10-day period of February. There were no peaks due to the arrival of migrant birds though an increase in captures was recorded during the second 10-day period of February with a very considerable peak during the second 10-day period of March. The mean body mass showed significant increases from the third 10-day period of February, with the highest values recorded in March, also reflected in the accumulation of subcutaneous fat; 91% of subjects with fat scores 3 and 4 were concentrated between the third 10-day period of February and the third 10-day period of March, while the first birds with fat appeared only in the first 10-day period of February. Analysis of several recoveries of thrushes ringed in Campania, in other Italian regions and in other countries, confirms the presence of these birds in Campania in the period between the third 10-day period of January and the third 10-day period of March. The data gathered during the four years of this investigation provide a fairly clear, though not conclusive, picture of the temporal trend of pre-nuptial migration of Song Thrush, which never began before the second 10-day period of February, although it is possible that some birds on migration may be present in the previous 10-day period.
Loimia ramzega sp. nov., a new giant species of Terebellidae (Polychaeta) from French waters (Brittany, English Channel)

A new species of Terebellidae, Loimia ramzega sp. nov., has been identified from North Brittany beaches (English Channel). This new species is characterized by its gigantic size (max 650 mm, live), two pairs of lateral lappets on segments 1 and 3; first pair more ventral, second pair more developed and lateral but oblique, with wavy edge. Nine ventral pads from segment 2 (fused on segments 2 and 3), first three pads swollen, next ones subsequently decreasing in size. Three types of notochaetae, asymmetrically bilimbate, symmetrically bilimbate and capillary. Uncini pectinate with 6 teeth (some with 5 teeth) slightly decreasing in size, in one vertical row. Pygidium with about 14 long conical marginal papillae surrounding anus.
Microbiota asociada a criaderos de moluscos, patogénesis y probiosis

El cultivo de moluscos bivalvos es un sector de gran importancia economica y social en Galicia. En la actualidad, el agotamiento de los bancos naturales ha convertido a los criaderos en la unica fuente de semilla autoctona, especialmente en lo que se refiere a ostra (Ostrea edulis) y almejas (Ruditapes decussatus, venerupis pullastra, y la especie aloctona R.philippinarum). Sin embargo, estas instalaciones se enfrentan a episodios de mortalidades masivas, derivados en muchas ocasiones de infecciones bacterianas, que dificultan la regularidad del suministro e implican perdidas economicas. El tratamiento del agua delos cultivos mediante diversos procedimientos fisico-quimicos ha resultado insuficiente, con llevando ademas problemas como la paricion de resistencias, el levado coste economico o la prohibicion de su uso por la legislacion actual. Por ello en los ultimos anos se buscan soluciones alternativas, entre las que destaca el uso de bacterias probioticas. En este trabajo hemos llevado a cabo un seguimiento de los problemas asociados a diferentes criaderos gallegos, que nos han permitido identificar de forma clara tres bacterias responsables de episodios de mortalidades larvarias. Los experimentos realizados demuestran que son capaces de causar graves mortalidades en cultivos larvarios de ostra plana dentro de las primeras 48 horas. En todos los casos han resultado ser bacterias pertenecientes al genero Vibrio. El patogeno 145.98 ha sido identificado como Vibrio neptunius, siendo la primera descripcion de esta especie como patogena. Sin embargo, la caracterizacion fenotipica y genotipica de los aislados 203 y 638 apunta a su descripcion como nuevas especies dentro del genero. En la busqueda de potenciales bacterias probiotica que facilitaran el control de las poblaciones de vibrios en los cultivos, se ensayaron en medio solido 520 aislados obtenidos de los diferentes compartimentos delos criaderos , frente a cuatro cepas testig
Resequencing the Escherichia coli genome by GenoCare single molecule sequencing platform

Next generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized life sciences research. Recently, a new class of third-generation sequencing platforms has arrived to meet increasing demands in the clinic, capable of directly measuring DNA and RNA sequences at the single-molecule level without amplification. Here, we use the new GenoCare single molecule sequencing platform from Direct Genomics to resequence the E. coli genome and show comparable performance to the Illumina MiSeq system. Our platform detects single-molecule fluorescence by total internal reflection microscopy, with sequencing-by-synthesis chemistry. With a consensus sequence of 99.71% nucleotide identity to that of the Illumina MiSeq system’s, GenoCare was determined to be a reliable platform for single-molecule sequencing, with strong potential for clinical applications.
Evaluation of Phenolic Compounds and Neurotrophic/neuroprotective Activity of Cultivar Extracts Derived from Chrysanthemum morifolium Flowers

Petal extracts of the edible flowers of two typical cultivars, Aboukyu and Enmeiraku, of Japanese Chrysanthemum spp. (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. forma esculentum Makino) were analyzed for their bioactive characteristics, including neuroprotective and neurotrophic-like activity in relation to the chemical profile of phenolic components. Phenolic components of petals differed significantly between the Aboukyu and Enmeiraku cultivars. The level of luteolin, an antioxidant polyphenol that possesses neurotrophic and neuroprotective activities, was higher in Enmeiraku than in Aboukyu. Extracts of Enmeiraku protected neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell viability against oxidative stress-induced injury in a concentration-dependent manner (12.5 _ 100 μg/mL). By contrast, the neuroprotective effect of Aboukyu extracts was biphasic and was weakened at concentrations > 25 μg/mL. Individually, the Aboukyu and Enmeiraku extracts only slightly induced neurite outgrowth; however, in combination with nerve growth factor, the extracts acted synergistically to induce full neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Our findings suggest that differences in the neuroprotective effect of Aboukyu and Enmeiraku extracts are attributable to differences in the composition of the constituent phenolic compounds.
Chick cranial neural crest cells migrate by progressively refining the polarity of their protrusions

In vivo quantitative imaging reveals that chick cranial neural crest cells throughout the migratory stream are morphologically polarized and migrate by progressively refining the polarity of their protrusions. Abstract To move directionally, cells can bias the generation of protrusions or select among randomly generated protrusions. Here we use 3D two-photon imaging of chick branchial arch 2 directed neural crest cells to probe how these mechanisms contribute to directed movement, whether a subset or the majority of cells polarize during movement, and how the different classes of protrusions relate to one another. We find that cells throughout the stream are morphologically polarized along the direction of overall stream movement and that there is a progressive sharpening of the morphological polarity program. Neural crest cells have weak spatial biases in filopodia generation and lifetime. Local bursts of filopodial generation precede the generation of larger protrusions. These larger protrusions are more spatially biased than the filopodia, and the subset of protrusions that power motility are the most polarized of all. Orientation rather than position is the best correlate of the protrusions that are selected for cell movement. This progressive polarity refinement strategy may enable neural crest cells to efficiently explore their environment and migrate accurately in the face of noisy guidance cues.
Short communication HTLV-I alters the multidrug resistance associated protein 1 (ABCC1/MRP1) expression and activity in human T cells

The human T cell lymphotropic/leukaemia virus type I (HTLV-I) causes HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/ TSP). The multidrug resistance associated protein 1 (ABCC1) plays multiple functions in physiopathologic responses. The expression and activity of ABCC1 was studied in T lymphocytes from uninfected and HTLV-I-infected individuals (both asymptomatic and symptomatic/HAM/TSP). ABCC1 expression and activity was reduced to nearly half in T lymphocytes from infected patients compared to control lymphocytes. Only 51.6% of CD4 + cells from HAM/TSP patients expressed ABCC1 whereas this was seen in 60.3% from asymptomatic individuals, compared to an expression of around 86% in controls. Our results suggest that ABCC1 is negatively regulated in HTVL-I infection, supplying a novel target to investigate the pathogenesis of HTLV-I. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
L(3)mbt safeguards tissue identity by maintaining transcriptional integrity at head-to-head genes

Maintenance of cellular identity is essential for development and homeostasis and problems in such control can have dire consequences such as organ malformation or cancer. At the molecular level, cell identity is determined by the coordinated activation and repression of defined sets of genes. The tumor suppressor L(3)mbt was shown to secure cellular identity in Drosophila larval brains by repressing germline specific genes, although the mechanisms remain elusive. Here we show that L(3)mbt safeguards the integrity of the somatic and germline tissues forming the Drosophila ovary. L(3)mbt mutation causes multiple developmental defects and simultaneous expression of original identity markers and new tissue-specific misexpression signatures. We demonstrate that the ovarian developmental defects are largely due to the ectopic expression of nanos, a key regulator of germline fate in the somatic cells of the ovary, rather than to the loss of cellular identity. Importantly, using genome-wide analysis we found that L(3)mbt exerts boundary activity between differentially regulated genes by binding to high occupancy insulator sites enriched at the borders of topological domains. Using nanos as an example, we propose that L(3)mbt maintains cell fate and specific gene expression programs by locally insulating repressed genes from closely apposed transcribed neighbors.
Animal movement network analysis as a tool to map farms serving as contamination source in cattle cysticercosis

Bovine cysticercosis is a problem distributed worldwide that result in economic losses mainly due to the condemnation of infected carcasses. One of the difficulties in applying control measures is the identification of the source of infection, especially because cattle are typically acquired from multiple farms. Here, we tested the utility of an animal movement network constructed with data from a farm that acquires cattle from several other different farms to map the major contributors of cysticercosis propagation. Additionally, based on the results of the network analysis, we deployed a sanitary management and drug treatment scheme to decrease cysticercosis’ occurrence in the farm. Six farms that had commercial trades were identified by the animal movement network and characterized as the main contributors to the occurrence of cysticercosis in the studied farm. The identification of farms with a putative risk of Taenia saginata infection using the animal movement network along with the proper sanitary management and drug treatment resulted in a gradual decrease in cysticercosis prevalence, from 25% in 2010 to 3.7% in 2011 and 1.8% in 2012. These results suggest that the animal movement network can contribute towards controlling bovine cysticercosis, thus minimizing economic losses and preventing human taeniasis.
Development of DNA Markers Linked to Double-Flower and Hortensia Traits in Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser.

Double flower and hortensia (mophead) hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. ) traits are recessively inherited. Cross breeding of these traits in hydrangea is difficult because it takes about two years from crossing to flowering. In this study, we aimed to obtain DNA linkage markers that would allow accelerated selection of these traits. We used next-generation sequencing to comprehensively collect DNA sequences from the ‘Kirakiraboshi’ with a double flower and lacecap inflorescence and the ‘Frau Yoshimi’ with a single flower and hortensia inflorescence, and designed simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs for map construction. We screened 768 SSR primer pairs in 93 F2 progeny derived from ‘Kirakiraboshi’ and ‘Frau Yoshimi’. We identified 147 loci, which were expanded to 18 linkage groups with a total map length of 980 cM. Linkage analysis identified that both the double flower trait from ‘Kirakiraboshi’ (dKira) and the hortensia trait from ‘Frau Yoshimi’ (hFrau) were located on linkage group KF_4. Detailed linkage analysis using 351 F2 progeny revealed a 34.8 cM map length between the two loci and identified two tightly linked SSR markers, STAB045 for dKira and HS071 for hFrau. Genetic analysis suggested that double flower and hortensia traits are each controlled by a single recessive gene. Together, the linkage map, SSR markers, and genetic information obtained in this study will be useful for future hydrangea breeding.
The Effect of TBP-Related Factor 2 on Chromocenter Formation and Chromosome Segregation in Drosophila Melanogaster

Chromosome nondisjunction in meiosis causes the gene disbalance and a number of anomalies in development and fertility. Otherwise, genetically programmed sex-ratio meiotic drive occurs in a number of species. One of the forms of eukaryotic genome organization is a chromocenter evolutionally involved in the regulation of chromosome behavior in dividing cells among insects, plants, mammals, mollusks, and even yeast. In Drosophila , TBP related factor 2 (Trf2) belongs to a conservative Tbp (TATA box-binding protein) gene family and encodes a basic transcription factor. Recent data demonstrates that a decrease in TRF2 expression can result in the abnormalities of chromatin conden- sation; however, no details of this process have been studied. We demonstrated that a decrease in the TRF2 expression damaged proper chromocenter structure and abolished chromatin condensation and it was a reason for the chromosome nondisjunction. We found that compact chromocenter and correct homologue pairing were abolished in flies with a lower Trf2 expression in germline and in somatic cells. We conclude that TRF2 can not only be involved in transcription activation, but also may perform structural function in pericentromeric heterochromatin organization. The possibility of TRF2 to regulate the evolutionary genetically programmed sex-ratio meiotic drive is discussed.