Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solaris Internals Solaris 10 And Open Solaris Kernel Architecture

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Hospital implementation of minimally invasive autopsy: A prospective cohort study of clinical performance and costs

Objectives Autopsy rates worldwide have dropped significantly over the last decades and imaging-based autopsies are increasingly used as an alternative to conventional autopsy. Our aim was to evaluate the clinical performance and cost of minimally invasive autopsy. Methods This study was part of a prospective cohort study evaluating a newly implemented minimally invasive autopsy consisting of MRI, CT, and biopsies. We calculated diagnostic yield and clinical utility—defined as the percentage successfully answered clinical questions—of minimally invasive autopsy. We performed minimally invasive autopsy in 46 deceased (30 men, 16 women; mean age 62.9±17.5, min-max: 18–91). Results Ninety-six major diagnoses were found with the minimally invasive autopsy of which 47/96 (49.0%) were new diagnoses. CT found 65/96 (67.7%) major diagnoses and MRI found 82/96 (85.4%) major diagnoses. Eighty-four clinical questions were asked in all cases. Seventy-one (84.5%) of these questions could be answered with minimally invasive autopsy. CT successfully answered 34/84 (40.5%) clinical questions; in 23/84 (27.4%) without the need for biopsies, and in 11/84 (13.0%) a biopsy was required. MRI successfully answered 60/84 (71.4%) clinical questions, in 27/84 (32.1%) without the need for biopsies, and in 33/84 (39.8%) a biopsy was required. The mean cost of a minimally invasive autopsy was €1296 including brain biopsies and €1087 without brain biopsies. Mean cost of CT was €187 and of MRI €284. Conclusions A minimally invasive autopsy, consisting of CT, MRI and CT-guided biopsies, performs well in answering clinical questions and detecting major diagnoses. However, the diagnostic yield and clinical utility were quite low for postmortem CT and MRI as standalone modalities.
Virus-Incorporated Biomimetic Nanocomposites for Tissue Regeneration

Owing to the astonishing properties of non-harmful viruses, tissue regeneration using virus-based biomimetic materials has been an emerging trend recently. The selective peptide expression and enrichment of the desired peptide on the surface, monodispersion, self-assembly, and ease of genetic and chemical modification properties have allowed viruses to take a long stride in biomedical applications. Researchers have published many reviews so far describing unusual properties of virus-based nanoparticles, phage display, modification, and possible biomedical applications, including biosensors, bioimaging, tissue regeneration, and drug delivery, however the integration of the virus into different biomaterials for the application of tissue regeneration is not yet discussed in detail. This review will focus on various morphologies of virus-incorporated biomimetic nanocomposites in tissue regeneration and highlight the progress, challenges, and future directions in this area.
Function of p21 (Cip1/Waf1/CDKN1A) in Migration and Invasion of Cancer and Trophoblastic Cells

Tumor progression and pregnancy have several features in common. Tumor cells and placental trophoblasts share many signaling pathways involved in migration and invasion. Preeclampsia, associated with impaired differentiation and migration of trophoblastic cells, is an unpredictable and unpreventable disease leading to maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Like in tumor cells, most pathways, in which p21 is involved, are deregulated in trophoblasts of preeclamptic placentas. The aim of the present study was to enlighten p21’s role in tumorigenic choriocarcinoma and trophoblastic cell lines. We show that knockdown of p21 induces defects in chromosome movement during mitosis, though hardly affecting proliferation and cell cycle distribution. Moreover, suppression of p21 compromises the migration and invasion capability of various trophoblastic and cancer cell lines mediated by, at least partially, a reduction of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 3, identified using transcriptome-wide profiling, real-time PCR, and Western blot. Further analyses show that downregulation of p21 is associated with reduced matrix metalloproteinase 2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2. This work evinces that p21 is involved in chromosome movement during mitosis as well as in the motility and invasion capacity of trophoblastic and cancer cell lines.
A Survey on Recent Trends and Open Issues in Energy Efficiency of 5G

The rapidly increasing interest from various verticals for the upcoming 5th generation (5G) networks expect the network to support higher data rates and have an improved quality of service. This demand has been met so far by employing sophisticated transmission techniques including massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), millimeter wave (mmWave) bands as well as bringing the computational power closer to the users via advanced baseband processing units at the base stations. Future evolution of the networks has also been assumed to open many new business horizons for the operators and the need of not only a resource efficient but also an energy efficient ecosystem has greatly been felt. The deployment of small cells has been envisioned as a promising answer for handling the massive heterogeneous traffic, but the adverse economic and environmental impacts cannot be neglected. Given that 10% of the world’s energy consumption is due to the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) industry, energy-efficiency has thus become one of the key performance indicators (KPI). Various avenues of optimization, game theory and machine learning have been investigated for enhancing power allocation for downlink and uplink channels, as well as other energy consumption/saving approaches. This paper surveys the recent works that address energy efficiency of the radio access as well as the core of wireless networks, and outlines related challenges and open issues.
Non-accurately-measurable limited computing model of immune computation

Artificial immune system was investigated using the approaches of trusted computing and systematics,and the non-accurately-measurable limited computing model of immune computation was built.Besides,the model had three tiers,i.e.the innate immune tier,the adaptive immune tier and the parallel/distributed computing tier.In the immune computation,the features of the anomaly were matched through the query in the database,and the type of the anomaly was recognized.Furthermore,unknown anomaly was learnt through the rule matching of the anomaly,the features of new anomaly were memorized,and the features of the new anomaly were added to the database.In the model,the anomaly was eliminated by the destroyer,the clone and proliferating of the anomaly were restrained,and the two blades of the destroying mechanism in the immune computation were controlled.Moreover,the load balance of the immune computation was monitored,the robustness and security of the system were maintained,and the imperfection of the immunology theories was overcome.The experimental results show that the immune computation mechanism detects the anomalies such as worms and faults,recognizes their types,i.e.the love worms and their infected files,and eliminates the anomalies,so that the clone and proliferating of the anomalies are restrained,and the security and robustness of the system are insured.
Dentin Priming with Amphipathic Antimicrobial Peptides

The evolution of bonded restorations has undergone great progress over several decades. Nonetheless, life spans of bonded restorations are limited mainly because of the eventual incidence of recurrent caries. Over time, water and waterborne agents (acids, enzymes) degrade the components of the dentin/restoration interface, allowing bacterial colonization and dentin reinfection at the margins of the restoration. We developed a 2-tier protective technology consisting of priming/coating dentin with amphipathic and antimicrobial peptides (AAMPs) to obtain hydrophobic/water-repellent and antibiofilm dentin-resisting recurrent caries around bonded restorations. We tested a series of AAMPs to assess their structure-function relationships as well as the effects of different dentin-conditioning methods on the structural features of AAMP-coated dentin. We found relation between the secondary structure of AAMPs (high portion of β-sheet), the antimicrobial potency of AAMPs, and the AAMPs’ ability to form hydrophobic coatings on dentin. We also determined that AAMPs had preferential adsorption on the mineral phase of dentin, which suggested that peptides arrange their cationic and hydrophilic motifs in direct contact with the negatively charged minerals in the hydrophilic dentin. These results led us to explore different dentin-conditioning methods that would increase the mineral/collagen ratio and their effect on AAMP immobilization. We innovatively imaged the spatial distribution of the AAMPs in relation to the dentinal tubules and collagen network using a minimally invasive multimodal imaging technique: multiphoton–second harmonic generation. Using multiphoton–second harmonic generation imaging, we determined that partial deproteinization of dentin increased the amount of immobilized AAMPs as compared with the total etched dentin at the dentin surface and extended deeply around dentinal tubules. Last, we analyzed the release rate of AAMPs from dentin coatings in artificial saliva to predict their stability in the clinical setting. In conclusion, priming dentin with AAMPs is a versatile new approach with potential to fortify the otherwise vulnerable adhesive-based interfaces.
Cyclophilin A contributes to aortopathy induced by postnatal loss of smooth muscle TGFBR1

Recent recognition that TGF‐β signaling disruption is involved in the development of aortic aneurysms has led to renewed investigations into the role of TGF‐β biology in the aortic wall. We previously found that the type I receptor of TGF‐β (TGFBR2) receptor contributes to formation of ascending aortic aneurysms and dissections (AADs) induced by smooth muscle cell (SMC)‐specific, postnatal deletion of Tgfbr1 (Tgfbr1iko). Here, we aimed to decipher the mechanistic signaling pathway underlying the pathogenic effects of TGFBR2 in this context. Gene expression profiling demonstrated that Tgfbr1iko triggers an acute inflammatory response in developing AADs, and Tgfbr1iko SMCs express an inflammatory phenotype in culture. Comparative proteomics profiling and mass spectrometry revealed that Tgfbr1iko SMCs respond to TGF‐β1 stimulation via robust up‐regulation of cyclophilin A (CypA). This up‐regulation is abrogated by inhibition of TGFBR2 kinase activity, small interfering RNA silencing of Tgfbr2 expression, or inhibition of SMAD3 activation. In mice, Tgfbr1iko rapidly promotes CypA production in SMCs of developing AADs, whereas treatment with a CypA inhibitor attenuates aortic dilation by 56% (P = 0.003) and ameliorates aneurysmal degeneration (P = 0.016). These protective effects are associated with reduced aneurysm‐promoting inflammation. Collectively, these results suggest a novel mechanism, wherein loss of type I receptor of TGF‐β triggers promiscuous, proinflammatory TGFBR2 signaling in SMCs, thereby promoting AAD formation. —Zhou, G. , Liao, M. , Wang, F. , Qi, X. , Yang, P., Berceli, S. A. , Sharma, A. K. , Upchurch, G. R. , Jr., Jiang, Z. Cyclophilin A contributes to aortopathy induced by postnatal loss of smooth muscle TGFBR1. FASEB J. 33, 11396–11410 (2019). www.fasebj. org
Is dienogest the best medical treatment for ovarian endometriomas? Results of a multicentric case control study

Abstract Ovarian endometriomas are common manifestations of endometriosis. Surgical excision has been shown to potentially decrease ovarian reserves. In this prospective study, we included 81 patients with ovarian endometriosis. 40 were treated with 2 mg of dienogest daily (DNG) and 41 were treated with cyclic oral estro-progestins (ethinyl estradiol 30 mcg [EE] plus dienogest 2 mg) (DNG + EE). Aim of the study was the effect of the treatment on the size of the endometriotic cysts. Further, in the symptomatic patients, follow-up included an evaluation of chronic pain before and during treatment. Both treatments were able to significantly decrease the pain in symptomatic patients with no statistical differences. The mean visual analog scale score at enrollment was 65 ± 14 and 70 ± 18, and there was significant improvement (19 ± 15, p < .001, DNG; 18 ± 12, p < .001, DNG + EE). The size of the endometrioma cysts were significantly reduced in the DNG group. The mean cyst diameter was 52 ± 22 mm at baseline and 32 ± 12 mm after six months of treatment (p < .001), yielding a 75% volume reduction in DNG group. The decrease in the size of endometrioma cysts observed in the women treated with only progestin could be noteworthy, as it may reduce the negative impacts on the affected ovary and avoid surgery.
Highly sensitive chimerism detection in blood is associated with increased risk of relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in childhood leukemia

Analysis of chimerism in blood post‐HCT using STR‐PCR is routinely applied in parallel with quantification of MRD to predict relapse of leukemia. RQ‐PCR chimerism is 10‐ to 100‐fold more sensitive, but clinical studies in children are sparse. We analyzed IMC in blood samples following transplantation for acute lymphoblastic or myeloid leukemia in 56 children. IMC was defined as a minimum increase of (a) 0.1% or (b) 0.05% recipient DNA between two samples. The risk of relapse was higher in children with IMC of both 0.1% and 0.05% compared to children without IMC (HR 12.8 [95% CI: 3.9‐41.4; P < .0001] and 7.6 [95% CI: 2.2‐26.9; P < .01], respectively). The first IMC was detected at a median of 208 days prior to relapse. The 5‐year cumulative incidence of relapse for children with a single IMC was 45.5% (CI 12.3‐74.4) and 41.0% (14.2‐66.6) for IMC above 0.1% and 0.05%, respectively. However, in 47 and 38 children never attaining IMC > 0.1% and >0.05%, 10 and 8 children relapsed, respectively. In a landmark analysis, no association was found between IMC prior to 90 days post‐HCT and subsequent relapse by either classification of IMC and AUC for RQ‐PCR chimerism was 54.2% (95 CI 27.7‐ 84.8). Although limited by a retrospective design, these results indicate that monitoring of RQ‐PCR chimerism in peripheral blood may have a role in early detection of relapse in acute childhood leukemia.
Facile and rapid preparation of Ag@ZIF-8 for carboxylation of terminal alkynes with CO2 in mild conditions.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising hosts for catalytic active sites due to their adjustable porosity and framework chemistry. Strategies to improve synergistic effects between the installed sites and the parent MOF are highly desired. Herein a facile and rapid method for the preparation of xAg@ZIF-8 materials was reported. The materials were systematically characterized and used as catalysts for carboxylation of terminal alkynes via direct insertion of CO2 to the C(sp)-H bond (CTACO2). It was found that the integrity of ZIF-8 structure could be retained upon Ag loading, but short-range crystalline ordering was modified. Two types Ag species could be installed, namely highly dispersed Ag(I) in the backbone (AgHD) and aggregated Ag(0) nano-particles on the outer surface (AgNP). The AgNP sites are highly effective for the activation of terminal alkynes due to its high accessibility, while the AgHD modified ZIF-8 framework worked as a CO2 reservoir with enhanced affinity. Combination of these factors translated to high activity in the CTACO2 process, the measured turnover frequency (TOF) and time yield are among the highest for most heterogeneous catalysts.
The development and use of a web-based assessment to measure students' use of representations in general chemistry

Being able to use representations is a fundamental skill in chemistry. It is important for instructors to make sure that students are proficient in using them in the classroom. Until now, research related to students’ use of representations as mainly focused on the knowledge differences between experts vs novices and what misconceptions students have while using representations. This study sought to contribute to that research by investigating which types of representations students use by the way of a web-based assessment which was able to track student representation use, including time spent accessing specific representations within a set of five possibilities. A two phase research study was used to complete this work. The first phase consisted of developing the initial build of the web-based assessment tool then refining it using usability testing. Twenty-three chemistry students were interviewed regarding the usability of the webbased assessment which led to seven major modifications of the assessment’s interface. During the second phase, the web-based assessment was given to 626 general chemistry students across two large Midwestern universities. Results showed the web-based assessment to be an effective method of measurement and that chemistry students seem to be narrow in their choice of representations. Specifically, students used the Lewis structure for the majority of the assessment. This observation points to the importance of the chemistry context in driving student representation use. In conclusion, this interdisciplinary work offers a new method with which to measure students’ use of representations in chemistry while highlighting general chemistry students’ tendency to use a limited choice of representations in an assessment setting.
A near-infrared phosphorescent nanoprobe enables quantitative, longitudinal imaging of tumor hypoxia dynamics during radiotherapy.

Hypoxia plays a key role in tumor resistance to radiotherapy (RT). It is important to study hypoxia dynamics during RT to improve treatment planning and prognosis. Here, we describe a luminescent nanoprobe, composed of a fluorescent semiconducting polymer and palladium (Pd) complex, for quantitative longitudinal imaging of tumor hypoxia dynamics during RT. The nanoprobe was designed to provide high sensitivity and reversible response for the subtle change in hypoxia over a narrow range (0-30 mmHg O2), which spans the oxygen range where tumors have limited radiosensitivity. Following intravenous administration, the nanoprobe efficiently accumulated in and distributed across the tumor, including the hypoxic region. The ratio between emissions at 700 and 800 nm provided quantitative mapping of hypoxia across the entire tumor. The nanoprobe has been applied to image the tumor hypoxia dynamics over 7 days during fractionated RT, revealing that high fractional dose (10 Gy) was more effective in improving tumor reoxygenation than low dose (2 Gy) and the effect tended to persist longer in smaller or more radiosensitive tumors. Our results also indicated the importance of the reoxygenation efficiency of the first fraction in the prediction of the radiation treatment outcome. In summary, this work has established a new nanoprobe for highly sensitive, quantitative and longitudinal imaging of tumor hypoxia dynamics following RT, and demonstrated its value for assessing the efficacy of RT and radiation treatment planning.
Diagnostics and extrapolation in machine learning

The subject of this thesis is the interaction between the problems of diagnostics and extrapolation in Machine Learning. I present a suite of tools for understanding high dimensional prediction functions that are based on the Functional ANOVA decomposition and argue that these are optimal in an idealized setting. I then show that they can be distorted to an arbitrary extent if the predictor space contains large regions of extrapolation. This thesis gives a criterion of extrapolation and details tree-based methods to evaluate it. This methodology provides a comprehensible representation of the distribution of training data and a diagnostic for functional behavior in regions of low data density. I then discuss the issue of making predictions at points of extrapolation. I suggest a strategy for stabilizing a general learning algorithm away from training data that is motivated by a Bayesian heuristic not unlike ridge regression and which bears some resemblance to Kriging. Finally, I advocate a modification to the Functional ANOVA that uses this estimate to avoid the effects of bad extrapolation while retaining many of the useful properties of the decomposition. All the ideas in this work are designed to be fully general and compatible with any machine learning algorithm.
Esculetin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human colon cancer LoVo cells

We investigated the anti‐cancer effects of ESC in human colon cancer LoVo cells. Cell counting assay results showed that ESC inhibited the proliferation of LoVo cells. Cell cycle arrest results showed that cell cycle was arrested during the G0/G1 phase in the ESC‐treated LoVo cells. Western blot results showed that the cell cycle inhibitory proteins p53, p27, and p21 were increased, and cyclin D1, the cell cycle progressive protein, was decreased. Sp1 is a transcription factor regulating cell proliferation, was decreased in the ESC‐treated LoVo cells. Annexin V/propidium iodide staining results showed that ESC induces apoptosis in LoVo cells. Western blot results showed that Bax, cleaved caspase ‐3, ‐7, ‐9, and poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase, which are proapoptotic proteins, were increased and the antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐2 was decreased. Taken together, ESC induced apoptosis and has an anti‐cancer effect in LoVo cells.
The lexical semantics of adjective–noun phrases in the human brain

As a person reads, the brain performs complex operations to create higher order semantic representations from individual words. While these steps are effortless for competent readers, we are only beginning to understand how the brain performs these actions. Here, we explore lexical semantics using magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings of people reading adjective–noun phrases presented one word at a time. We track the neural representation of single word representations over time, through different brain regions. Our results reveal two novel findings: (a) a neural representation of the adjective is present during noun presentation, but this representation is different from that observed during adjective presentation and (b) the neural representation of adjective semantics observed during adjective reading is reactivated after phrase reading, with remarkable consistency. We also note that while the semantic representation of the adjective during the reading of the adjective is very distributed, the later representations are concentrated largely to temporal and frontal areas previously associated with composition. Taken together, these results paint a picture of information flow in the brain as phrases are read and understood.