Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of Fusarium mangiferae as pathogen of mango malformation in India

Fusarium mangiferae (=F. subglutinans) isolates collect from malformed samples from major mango-growing area of North India. Molecular identification and characterization of eleven most virulent isolates of F. mangiferae, based on pathogenicity tests used for the present study. Species-specific, genus specific ITS-PCR and PCR-RFLP performed for the accurate and easy detection of F. mangiferae. The rDNA-ITS 28S region sequences used for phylogenetic analysis of Fusarium isolates from India and other countries for homology search between them. The phylogenetic tree divided the isolates into three clades (i.e., American, Asian and African) and showed the high level of sequence based similarity (69-99%) among all Fusarium sequences from Asia. Thus, claimed Fusarium mangiferae as dominant pathogen of mango malformation. Furthermore, we conclude that exploiting the nested PCR coupled with PCR-RFLP will help in rapid and accurate detection of F. mangiferae pathogen of mango malformation.
Biocontrol and growth promotive potential of Streptomyces spp. in black pepper ( Piper nigrum L.)

Actinomycetes isolated from the rhizosphere of black pepper and from vermicompost were tested for their antagonistic effect against Phytophthora capsici and Radopholus similis , the causal agents of foot rot and slow decline diseases of black pepper. Based on in vitro evaluations, four isolates were shortlisted (IISR Act2, IISR Act5, IISR Act6, and IISR Act9) and subjected to in vivo evaluation for Phytophthora infection by challenge inoculation and also greenhouse evaluation for growth promotion in black pepper. Rooted plants of black pepper were raised in soil amended with Actinomycetes strains individually and in combinations in portray and were transplanted into earthenware pots containing potting mixture amended with respective actinomycetes keeping un-amended plants as control. Observations were recorded on growth parameters like plant height, root weight, shoot weight and root infection by nematodes. Besides, soil was also analyzed for pH, dehydrogenase activity, EC and NPK content to know the influence of actinomycetes on soil microflora as well as on nutrient status. The results showed that consortia are more effective than individual isolates. Consortia holding IISR Act5+IISR Act9 were found highly effective in enhancing all the growth parameters followed by IISR Act2+ IISR Act9 and IISR Act2 + IISR Act5. The dehydrogenase activity was found higher in these consortia showing the higher microbial metabolic activity. Root lesions were also negligible in these treatments. Being effective in growth promotion as well as antagonistic activity, the isolates were tested for plant growth promotion and biocontrol traits. Among the isolates, IISR Act9 was found highly efficient in IAA production (119μg/ml) when compared to IISR Act2 (36.25μg/ml) and IISR Act5 (32.4μg/ml). Hence based on the growth promotive and pathogen suppressive effect, the consortia of either IISR Act5+IISR Act9 , IISR Act2+IISR Act9 or IISR Act2+IISR Act5 can be effectively used in black pepper for growth promotion and biological control of foot rot and slow decline diseases. The potential actinomycetes were identified as Streptomyces spp. as per Bergey’s manual and rpoB gene sequence similarity of which IISR Act2 is identified as Streptomyces sp. , IISR Act9 as Streptomyces albus and IISR Act5 as Streptomyces sp.
When speech enhances SMARC : Joint Spatial Associations of Pitch and Timbre in Nonmusicians

Previous studies showed that the effect of the Spatial Musical Association of Response Codes (SMARC) depends on various features, such as task conditions (whether pitch height is implicit or explicit), response dimension (horizontal vs. vertical), presence or absence of a reference tone and former musical training of the participants. In the present study, we investigated the effects of pitch range and timbre, in particular, how timbre (piano vs. vocal) contributes to the horizontal and vertical SMARC effect in nonmusicians under varied pitch range conditions. Nonmusicians performed a timbre judgment task in which the pitch range was either small (six or eight semitone steps) or large (nine or twelve semitone steps) in a horizontal and a vertical response setting. For piano sounds, SMARC effects were observed in all conditions. For the vocal sounds, in contrast, SMARC effects depended on pitch range. We concluded that the occurrence of the SMARC effect, especially in horizontal response settings, depends on the interaction of the timbre (vocal and piano) and pitch range if vocal and instrumental sounds are combined in one experiment: the human voice enhances the attention, both to the vocal and the instrumental sounds.
The Effects of Experiential Marketing on Customer Satisfaction: The Mediating Roles of Customer Participation

In this study, we theoretically identify the relationships among experiential marketing, customer participation, and customer satisfaction. Integrating the experiential marketing-customer participation-customer satisfaction framework, we propose that experiential marketing not only has a direct positive influence on customer satisfaction, but also indirectly influences customer satisfaction through customer participation. This study uses a multinational furniture and home furnishings company’s (Company I) customers as the research subject, collecting 405 effective questionnaires. The results support our hypotheses. Overall, the results of this study can provide the furniture and home furnishings industry with a reference for marketing management decisions, and clarify the relationship between experiential marketing and customer satisfaction using successful customer participation. Therefore, the results of this study contribute to services marketing theory and research for the furniture and home furnishings industry.
Host specificity of parasitic gastropods of the genus Annulobalcis Habe, 1965 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Eulimidae) from crinoids in Vietnam, with descriptions of four new species

ABSTRACT Parasitic gastropods of the genus Annulobalcis Habe, 1965 (family Eulimidae), associated with the crinoids (comatulids) are common in Nhatrang Bay (Southern Vietnam). Morphological examination of Annulobalcis specimens, collected in this area revealed four distinct forms, significantly different also in host specificity. Mitochondrial cox1 sequence data have shown these forms to comprise four distinct species, their relationships are discussed. As a result of morphological and molecular studies, four new species of the genus Annulobalcis are described: A. albus n. sp. , A. wareni n. sp. , A. maculatus n. sp. , and A. vinarius n. sp. The three former species appeared to be strictly species specific in their choice of host (parasitizing a single host species each), while the latter was found on a number of hosts, although mostly on a single species. Speciation in relation to host specificity of Annulobalcis is discussed.
To Assess the Role of Benazir Income Support Program in Achievi ng Food Security - A Case Study of Barikot, Swat, Pakistan

In this study an attempt is made to assess the role of Benazir Income Support Program in achieving food security in Barikot, District Swat, K.P.K Pakistan. During the study primary data were collected from 65 households of Tehsil Barikot four villages. Data were analysed, using statistical and econometrics tools. Regarding the role in food security the results of correlation, variable, BISP amount and household’s wheat and vegetables consumption is positive related with each other (Correlation coefficient between these variables is 0.80 and 0.618). The respondent’s or household’s use this received amount from BISP on different items such as food, clothing and education etc. Majority of the household’s (40.0%) use amount of BISP on food items such as for the consumption of wheat, rice, milk, sugar and for vegetables. The correlation also indicates that both variables are moving in the same direction. Besides the role of BISP in achieving food security and poverty reduction there is some problems in BISP, according to the respondent’s responses the main problem are; problem of corruption, lack of offices, undetermined date schedule of receiving payments, rush in receiving cash or payments, discrimination and the problem mismanagement in of BISP.
Design , synthesis and evaluation of a potent substrate-analog peptide-inhibitor identified by scanning Ala / Phe chemical mutagenesis

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolate-769, human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) protease (PDB ID: 1TW7), was shown to exhibit wide-open flaps and an expanded active site cavity, causing loss of contacts with protease inhibitors. In the current study, the expanded active site cavity of MDR769 HIV-1 protease was screened with a series of peptide-inhibitors that were designed to mimic the natural substrate cleavage site, capsid/p2. Scanning Ala/Phe chemical mutagenesis approach was incorporated into the design of the peptide series to mimic the substrate co-evolution. Among the peptides synthesized and evaluated, a lead peptide (6a) with potent activity (IC50: 4.4 nM) was identified against the MDR769 HIV1 protease. Isothermal titration calorimetric analysis showed favorable binding profile for 6a against both wild type and MDR769 HIV-1 protease variants. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of N-labeled MDR769 HIV-1 protease in complex with 6a showed perturbations in chemical shifts, indicating the peptide-induced conformational changes in protease. Modeling analysis revealed multiple contacts between 6a and MDR769 HIV-1 protease. The lead peptide-inhibitor, 6a, with high potency and good binding profile can be used as the basis for developing potent small molecule inhibitors against MDR variants of HIV. 2013 Published by Elsevier Inc.
Applicability of GPC, GC-MS and 13C NMR techniques and DFRC method in comparative structural studies of Lignin

In this research, the characteristics of CMP dioxane lignin (hardwood origin) and soda bagasse lignin (ethanol soluble fraction) and dioxane lignin of bagasse were studied using gel permeation chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and 13C NMR spectroscopy and DFRC degradation procedure. The results indicated that the main structural units in lignins are phenyl propane skeletons bonded at β-O-4 positions.
Generalization of Classic Question Order Effects Across Cultures

Questionnaire design is routinely guided by classic experiments on question form, wording, and context conducted decades ago. This article explores whether two question order effects (one due to the norm of evenhandedness and the other due to subtraction or perceptual contrast) appear in surveys of probability samples in the United States and 11 other countries (Canada, Denmark, Germany, Iceland, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Taiwan, and the United Kingdom; N = 25,640). Advancing theory of question order effects, we propose necessary conditions for each effect to occur, and found that the effects occurred in the nations where these necessary conditions were met. Surprisingly, the abortion question order effect even appeared in some countries in which the necessary condition was not met, suggesting that the question order effect there (and perhaps elsewhere) was not due to subtraction or perceptual contrast. The question order effects were not moderated by education. The strength of the effect due to the norm of evenhandedness was correlated with various cultural characteristics of the nations. Strong support was observed for the form-resistant correlation hypothesis.
Mitochondrial Phylogeography and Population History of the Large Japanese Wood Mouse (Apodemus speciosus) on Sado Island, Japan

Abstract. A phylogeographic study of the large Japanese wood mouse, Apodemus speciosus, on Sado Island, Japan, was performed based on sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (1,140 bp). Our previous study covered the entire species range and suggested that the mice on Sado Island are monophyletic, exhibiting two well diverged lineages throughout the island. The present data also supported two lineages (the average number of nucleotide difference was 11.4), showing a weak phylogeographic structure. Given the high sequence divergence observed, we assumed historically subdivided populations within the island. Bayesian coalescent analysis supported a dual-population model rather than that of one large population. The times to most recent common ancestor of all sequences were 293,000 years ago [ka; 95% highest probability density (HPD) 85–634 ka] and 292 ka (HPD 102–605 ka) for the one- and dual-population models, respectively. These results suggest that the populations have undergone repeated separations and reconnections, rather than being subdivided completely through time. Our results are in accordance with other paleogeographic and phylogeographic evidence from the island. The present study highlighted a unique system of producing and maintaining genetic diversity and suggested prehistoric colonization of the A. speciosus population on Sado Island, thus supporting the ancient origin of the mammalian fauna of Sado Island.
Spectroscopic characterization of insulin and small molecule ligand binding to the insulin receptor

We have applied spectroscopic techniques to study two kinds of ligand binding to the insulin receptor. First, a fluo- rescently labelled insulin analogue is used to characterize the mechanism of reversible 1 : 1 complex formation with a fragment of the insulin receptor ectodomain. The receptor induced fluorescence enhancement of the labelled insulin analogue provides the basis for stopped flow kinetic experiments. The kinetic data are consistent with a bimolecular binding event followed by a conformational change. This emphasizes the importance of insulin induced conformational changes in the activation of the insulin receptor. Second, the binding of fluorescein derivatives to the insulin receptor is studied. These small molecule ligands displace insulin from its receptor with micromolar affinity. The binding is verified by transferred NOESY NMR experiments. Their chromophoric properties are used to measure the affinity by UV-vis and fluorescence difference spectroscopies and the resulting K d values are similar to those observed in the displacement receptor binding assay. However, these experiments and a stoichiometry determination indicate multiple binding sites, of which one overlaps with the insulin binding site. These two examples illustrate how spectroscopy complements biochemical receptor binding assays and provides information on ligand- insulin receptor interactions in the absence of three dimensional structures.
Investigating Vegetation of Mowed and Grazed Areas in Tamdere Village Alpine Pastures in Turkey

Activities of transhumance ongoing have been mostly carried out in alpine pastures for centuries in Turkey. These pastures used unconsciously have faced to the danger of extinction. In order to implement improvement plans in the mentioned areas, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of pastures should be determined. This study was conducted in the mowed and grazed pastures in alpine zones in Anatolia, Turkey in 2013 and 2016. In the study, botanical compositions, quality degree, condition and healthy of areas, hay yield, grazing capacity and basal plant coverage of the pastures were investigated. Loop method was used for vegetation measurements concerning the blooming time of commanding plant species. According to the results obtained from the research, 146 taxa were identified involving 8 endemic from 30 families. In the mowed pastures, the average values of botanical composition were found as 31.61% grasses, 18.65% legumes and 49.74% other plant families and in the grazed pastures, the average of composition was estimated as 37.75% grasses, 14.25% legumes and 49.00% other plant families. Botanical compositions of grasses (P≤0.01), legumes (P≤0.05) and other families (P≤0.05) were significantly different among the areas. Although all of the studied pastures were in the healthy quality degree and conditions (P≤0.05) and danger of erosion has not been seen, quality of forage and grazing is not adequate in the study areas. Hay yield was given as 2869 kg ha-1(P≤0.01) in the mowed areas and 1912 kg ha-1 (P≤0.01) in the grazed areas. Grazing capacities in the mowed and grazing pastures were identified as 9.37 (P≤0.01) and 6.87(P≤0.01) animal unit ha-1, respectively and it was detected that the examined pastures were grazed over their capacity. According to situation of vegetation, it can be said that climax vegetation of pastures was perished and the management measures should be planned for grazing capacity. Pasture breeding studies should be paid attention. In addition, weed control, top seeding and fertilizing should be conducted.
A new deep-sea species of harrimaniid enteropneust (Hemichordata)

Abstract Ninety-two individuals of a deep-sea harrimaniid enteropneust were imaged between 1675 m and 3225 m off the California coast. Of these, about three-fourths were positioned with their posterior regions buried in sediment or hidden by rocks, and the rest were completely exposed on the substratum. When visible, the posterior end of each worm was typically associated with a dense tangle of fecal strands. One specimen was captured and is described here as the holotype of Saxipendium implicatum. In life, it was 22 cm long, and the color of its dome-shaped proboscis, narrow collar, and anterior trunk was medium orange. No wing-like folds of the body wall protruded anywhere along the length of the worm. The proboscis complex included a stomochord and glomeruli, but neither a heart nor a pericardial cavity could be detected. Most of the dorsal collar nerve runs along an open invagination in the dorsal midline of the collar and is only roofed over very briefly at the posterior extremity of the collar. Another unusual feature is the exaggerated posterior extension of the horns of the proboscis skeleton, which projected into the anterior extremity of the trunk. The trunk commenced anteriorly with a pharyngeal/esophageal region that included a tract of ovaries on either side of the dorsal midline. The ripest ovaries contained a single oocyte approximately 700 μm in diameter (presumably this species is gonochoric, although no males have yet been collected). The gill skeleton lacked synapticles. More posteriorly, the trunk housed a long, darkly pigmented hepatic intestine without sacculations and a short, lightly pigmented post-hepatic intestine. The geographic range of S. implicatum appears to be restricted to the Davidson, Guide, and Taney Seamounts region in the eastern Pacific offshore of Central California.
Incarcerated Men and Women The Effects of PTSD on Treatment Adherence , Drug Relapse , and Criminal Recidivism in a Sample of

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Women’s knowledge and food security

Women play a vital role in the production of food. Most importantly, they are critical in the storage, processing as well as the provision of food at the household level. It is also a fact that as in the case of all policies, those on food are supposed to be informed by existing evidence and realities whose dynamics keep on changing. As key stakeholders in food handling, women have a wealth of knowledge on issues of food and nutrition status. This paper argues on the importance of this knowledge in informing policy issues and programming issues related to food security and nutritional status. The study draws from the findings of a study done in Kenya by the African Women’s Studies Centre (AWSC) of the University of Nairobi and the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics in 2014. The study aimed at documenting women’s knowledge in relation to food security and generating proposals ensuring the full implementation of Article 43(1)(c) of the Constitution of Kenya (2010); as well as suggesting policy recommendations at the national and county levels. The study used Moser’s Gender Analysis tool (1986) and adopted a descriptive survey approach. Selected women in each of the ten counties across Kenya provided information through focus-group discussions, oral testimonies and key informants questionnaires. Additional data was generated from debriefing sessions which were done with selected respondents of the study at the conclusion of the field work in each county. The findings revealed that by virtue of their gendered roles and responsibilities in the family and community, women have a wealth of experience and knowledge on food and nutrition. The knowledge can usefully inform policies on issues related to food and nutrition status, especially in terms of its availability, access, utilization and sustainability. The study thus recommends the need for policy makers, scholars and researchers to focus on gender responsive studies so as to capture not only women’s needs but also their experiences and knowledge. The policy makers have an obligation to ensure the same in policy formulation and programming
Transesterification of Palm Kernel Oil and Coconut Oil by Difference Solid Catalysts

Several acid and basic solids, such as ZrO2, ZnO, SO4 2/SnO2, SO4 2/ZrO2, KNO3/KL zeolite and KNO3/ZrO2, were tested as heterogeneous catalysts for palm kernel oil (PKO) and coconut oil (CCO) transesterification with methanol. It was found that ZnO and SO4 2/ZrO2 exhibited the highest activity for both PKO and CCO transesterification. In the case of using SO4 2/ZrO2, only 1% by wt of this super acid solid is sufficient to catalyze the reaction and results in fatty acid methyl esters content higher than 90%. Moreover, the preliminary study of re-used catalysts indicates that spent SO4 2/ZrO2 cannot be directly reused for transesterification. However, this spent catalyst can be easily regenerated and results in the same activity as fresh catalyst