Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Folding of Tubular Waterbomb

Origami has recently emerged as a promising building block of mechanical metamaterials because it offers a purely geometric design approach independent of scale and constituent material. The folding mechanics of origami-inspired metamaterials, i.e., whether the deformation involves only rotation of crease lines (rigid origami) or both crease rotation and facet distortion (nonrigid origami), is critical for fine-tuning their mechanical properties yet very difficult to determine for origami patterns with complex behaviors. Here, we characterize the folding of tubular waterbomb using a combined kinematic and structural analysis. We for the first time uncover that a waterbomb tube can undergo a mixed mode involving both rigid origami motion and nonrigid structural deformation, and the transition between them can lead to a substantial change in the stiffness. Furthermore, we derive theoretically the range of geometric parameters for the transition to occur, which paves the road to program the mechanical properties of the waterbomb pattern. We expect that such analysis and design approach will be applicable to more general origami patterns to create innovative programmable metamaterials, serving for a wide range of applications including aerospace systems, soft robotics, morphing structures, and medical devices.
Abstract. Irradiation of keratinocytes by ultraviolet B induces cytokine production, which in turn activates fibroblasts to produce cytokines and increase matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-1 protein expression. The present study investigated the effect and potential mechanisms of scopoletin on the regul

Irradiation of keratinocytes by ultraviolet B induces cytokine production, which in turn activates fibroblasts to produce cytokines and increase matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-1 protein expression. The present study investigated the effect and potential mechanisms of scopoletin on the regulation of MMP‐1 expression in fibroblasts. Scopoletin was isolated from Artemisia capillaris crude extract. Treatment of fibroblasts with scopoletin resulted in a decrease in the protein expression of MMP-1 following stimulation with human keratinocyte (HacaT) conditioned medium. To further explore the mechanism underlying this effect, the expression levels of proteins in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways were evaluated via western blot analysis. The mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1α and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α were evaluated via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The effect of scopoletin on cell viability was assessed with the MTT assay. The results demonstrated that scopoletin treatment markedly decreased MMP-1, IL-1α and TNFα mRNA expression in fibroblasts stimulated with HaCaT conditioned medium (40 mJ/cm2), without any apparent cell cytotoxicity, and in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, western blot analysis demonstrated that scopoletin reduced the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in fibroblasts. In summary, the present study demonstrated that scopoletin inhibited MMP-1 and proinflammatory cytokine expression by inhibiting p38 MAPK phosphorylation. These findings suggest that scopoletin may have potential as a therapeutic agent to prevent and treat photoaging of the skin.
Arthroscopic Bankart Repair and Capsular Shift for Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Instability

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of a prospectively collected database consisting of 302 patients who had undergone arthroscopic Bankart repair and capsular shift for the treatment of recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability. The prevalence of patient and injury-related risk factors for recurrence was assessed. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the predicted probability of recurrence within two years. The chief outcome measures were the risk of recurrence and the two-year functional outcomes assessed with the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores.
Patellofemoral Evaluation After Total Knee Arthroplasty

Background: Radiographic assessment of the patella after total knee arthroplasty is typically performed with use of static, unloaded views that may not reproduce the in vivo patellofemoral kinematics. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and validate the reliability and reproducibility of a weight-bearing radiographic assessment of the patellofemoral joint in patients who have undergone total knee arthroplasty.
Closed Suction Drainage for Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

Methods: All randomized trials, as far as we know, that compared patients managed with closed-suction drainage systems and those managed without a drain following elective hip and knee arthroplasty were considered. The trials were identified with use of searches of the Cochrane Collaboration with no restriction on languages or source. Two authors independently extracted the data, and the methods of all identified trials were assessed.
Pelvic Fixation in Spine Surgery

Introduction usions of the lumbosacral spine continue to be a challenging area in spine surgery. The complex local anatomy, unique biomechanical forces, and poor bone quality of the sacrum are just a few of the many reasons why fusions of the lumbosacral spine have been notoriously difficult to perform. The goals of this review were (1) to familiarize the reader with the complicated anatomy of the lumbosacral region, the specific pathological entities that involve this region, and the biomechanical forces that lead to high pseudarthrosis rates; (2) to discuss the various types of lumbosacral and spinopelvic implants and their respective advantages and disadvantages; (3) to review the most common clinical indications for lumbosacral and spinopelvic fusions; and (4) to emphasize that iliac screw placement is a safe and reproducible technique for achieving stable caudad pelvic fixation that minimizes the risk of pseudarthrosis at the lumbosacral junction.
Clinical and Radiographic Analysis of the Mallory-Head Femoral Component in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty

Methods: A selected series of 107 revision total hip arthroplasties with use of the Mallory-Head calcar-replacement prosthesis was reviewed with clinical and radiographic evaluation. The study group consisted of sixty-six hips (sixty patients), with an average follow-up of 11.5 years (range, 8.8 to 14.5 years). All revisions in this series were performed because of failure of a cemented or cementless femoral component of standard length. All revision stems were 220 mm long.
Proof of a conjecture of Yuan and Zontini on preconditioned methods for M-matrices

Systems of linear equations are ubiquitous in science and engineering, and iterative methods are indispensable for the numerical treatment of such systems. When we apprehend what properties of the coefficient matrix account for the rate of convergence, we may multiply the original system by some nonsingular matrix, called a preconditioner, so that the new coefficient matrix possesses better properties. Recently, some scholars presented several preconditioners and based on numerical tests proposed some conjectures for preconditioned iterative methods. In this paper, we prove one conjecture on the preconditioned Gauss–Seidel iterative method for solving linear systems whose coefficient matrix is an M-matrix.
Lumbar Foramina1 Stenosis: Critical Heights of the Intervertebral Discs and Foramina

ABSTRACE One hundred lumbar intervertebral foramina from eighteen spines of fresh cadavera were studied to assess the relationship between compression of the nerve root and the height of the intervertebral disc and the morphological characteristics of the intervertebral foramen as determined on cryomicrotome sections. The critical posterior disc height and the critical foraminal height that were associated with entrapment and compression of the nerve root were determined. Significant positive correlations were demonstrated between compression of the nerve root and the posterior disc height, the foraminal height, and the foraminal cross-sectional area for the four intervertebral levels between the second lumbar and first sacral vertebrae. Nerve-root compression was evident in twenty-one of the 100 foramina, in eight of the ten foramina in which the posterior disc height was four millimeters or less, and in four of the five foramina in which the foraminal height was fifteen millimeters or less. These critical dimensions may be indicators of foraminal stenosis in the lumbar spine. However, compression of a spinal nerve root does not always cause sciatica, and the clinical findings must always be taken into account when a diagnosis of stenosis is considered.
Operative Correction of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis in Male Patients

Methods: Fifty-two male patients who had had surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were compared retrospectively with two groups of female patients: a random sample of 130 female patients who had had surgical treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis during the same time period and a subgroup of fifty-two of these female patients who had been matched to the male patients with regard to curve type and magnitude. Radiographic parameters were compared between the male and female patients, and the Scoliosis Research Society outcome questionnaire was used to compare functional results between the male patients and the matched female group.
Health-care expenditures, economic growth and infant mortality: Evidence from developed and developing countries

This paper investigates the effects of health-care expenditures on child mortality rates using a simultaneous-equation model for 93 developed and developing countries with data spanning the period 1995–2012. The findings show that health expenditure has a positive effect on reducing child mortality only for upper-middle-income and high-income countries, whereas for low-income and lower-middle-income countries, health spending does not have a significant impact on child health status. It is also found that at lower development levels, public health spending has a greater effect on mortality rates than private expenditure, while at high development levels private health expenditure has a positive impact on child mortality.
The role of pentraxin 3 in pemphigus vulgaris

Introduction Pemphigus is a group of autoimmune bullous diseases caused by antibodies directed against the desmosomal adhesion molecules desmoglein 1 and 3, which are required for intercellular adhesion of keratinocytes. Pentraxins are a group of proteins that function as pattern recognition molecules and also play a role in humoral innate immunity. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is the prototype of the long pentraxins and has been shown to be increased in numerous autoimmune diseases. Aim To investigate whether PTX3 can be used as a marker of PV caused by autoimmunity and resulting in tissue injury. Material and methods The study included 30 patients who presented to the University Medical School Dermatology Department and were diagnosed with PV based on clinical, histological, and immunological findings. The control group included 30 healthy individuals. Human PTX3 concentration was measured with a commercially available ELISA kit, using a double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The 60 participants comprised 31 (52%) men and 29 (48%) women. The most common site of onset was mucosa + skin (n = 22; 73.3%) and a psychological pathology was present in 7 (23.3%) patients. Median PTX3 level was significantly higher in the PV group compared to the control group (p = 0.008). The ROC curve analysis indicated a significant area under curve (AUC) value for serum PTX3 level in the prediction of PV. Conclusions PTX3 was found to be increased in PV and PTX3 could be a useful indicator of disease activity in PV.
Elevated Concentrations of CO2 and Nitrogen Alter DOC Release and Soil Phenolic Content in Wetland Microcosms

ABSTRACT Physiological responses of plants to elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N) availability are ecologically important because of increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations and N enrichment in many ecosystems. Here, the effects of N availability on the responses of six wetland plant species to elevated CO2 levels are examined in terms of growth and root exudation. Six species of emergent plant species typically found in marshes were incubated under two levels of CO2 (370 and 740 ppm) and two levels of N (0 and 8.8 mg N L–1). Elevated CO2 did not affect shoot biomass, root biomass, and height significantly, regardless of N levels. The C/N ratio of plant species increased in response to elevated CO2 levels, but this effect varied by species. All species released higher amounts of dissolved organic carbon under elevated CO2 compared with ambient air conditions. This response was limited under low soil N concentrations. By contrast, phenolic content increased significantly with elevated CO2 under low-N treatment. The findings suggest that elevated CO2 is not responsible for biomass accumulation of emergent wetland plant species, but does elicit changes in the quantity and quality of root exudates, which are, in turn, dependent on N availability to plant species.
Research on CNN-based Models Optimized by Genetic Algorithm and Application in the Diagnosis of Pneumonia and COVID-19

In this research, an optimized deep learning method was proposed to explore the possibility and practicality of neural net-work applications in medical imaging. The method was used to achieve the goal of judging common pneumonia and even COVID-19 more effectively. Where, the genetic algorithm was taken advantage to optimize the Dropout module, which is essential in neural networks so as to improve the performance of typical neural network models. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method shows excellent performance and strong practicability in judging pneumonia, and the application of advanced artificial intelligence technology in the field of medical imaging has broad prospects.
Inequality in acute respiratory infection outcomes in the United States: A review of the literature and its implications for public health policy and practice.

Seasonal and pandemic respiratory viruses such as influenza and the novel coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) currently sweeping the globe have often been described as 'equal opportunity infectors', implying little socioeconomic disparity in susceptibility. However, early data from the COVID-19 pandemic has underscored that the burden of respiratory viruses actually reflect and magnify existing socioeconomic inequalities. We review the literature on socioeconomic and racial disparities in acute respiratory infection (ARI), as well as ARI-associated hospitalization and mortality. Our goal is to identify key principles of the relationship between socioeconomic inequality and ARI outcomes, as well as highlighting poorly understood areas that need to be addressed by research and policy in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that there has been descriptive work in this area, but that there is a distinct lack of cohesive methodology in the literature exploring social determinants and ARI. We propose the fundamental cause theory is a useful framework for guiding future research of disparities in ARI and for the design of interventions to alleviate these disparities.
Biomimetic Leadership: From Theory to Practice.

Biomimetic leadership is a pioneering framework viewed through the ecological lens, in which every living system reveals practical applications and sustainable solutions to systemic challenges. Extended office hours and stressful environments have distanced administrators from nature-inspired activities and practices. This mixed methods study explored the impact that teaching biomimetic leadership principles has on educational leadership graduate students. The results indicate an increase in awareness of nature’s Life Principles: adapting to changing conditions, integrating development with growth, and being locally attuned and responsive. We found that simply being introduced to biomimetics led to inspiration for aspiring educational leaders.
Public Budgets for Culture in the EU during the 2008−2012 Financial Crisis: An Econometric Analysis

The article analyses whether EU countries use similar cultural financing strategies during crisis as they use in economically successful years by testing the following hypothesis: “Effects of the financial crisis were reflected in the cuts in general, central and local budgets for culture. ” It also examines if the financing of the cultural sector was different from the other sectors of the economy in crisis. We use methods from panel data regression analysis (dynamic models) on a dataset from Eurostat according to COFOG methodology for 31 European countries in years 1990–2012. We provide several main findings, which show that cuts in cultural sector were present on general, central, as well as local level, yet happened more severely and with significantly different dynamics for the central and local cultural budgets. We also find that institutional quality had a larger effect on financing of the cultural sector than for the economy in general and provide some patterns of financing of culture in crisis for different welfare regimes. The article is one of the first in the field of econometrics of cultural policy and we hope to spur significantly more efforts devoted to this area of research.
The Mitochondrial Protein VDAC1 at the Crossroads of Cancer Cell Metabolism: The Epigenetic Link

Carcinogenesis is a complicated process that involves the deregulation of epigenetics, resulting in cellular transformational events, such as proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis. Most chromatin-modifying enzymes utilize metabolites as co-factors or substrates and thus are directly dependent on such metabolites as acetyl-coenzyme A, S-adenosylmethionine, and NAD+. Here, we show that using specific siRNA to deplete a tumor of VDAC1 not only led to reprograming of the cancer cell metabolism but also altered several epigenetic-related enzymes and factors. VDAC1, in the outer mitochondrial membrane, controls metabolic cross-talk between the mitochondria and the rest of the cell, thus regulating the metabolic and energetic functions of mitochondria, and has been implicated in apoptotic-relevant events. We previously demonstrated that silencing VDAC1 expression in glioblastoma (GBM) U-87MG cell-derived tumors, resulted in reprogramed metabolism leading to inhibited tumor growth, angiogenesis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition and invasiveness, and elimination of cancer stem cells, while promoting the differentiation of residual tumor cells into neuronal-like cells. These VDAC1 depletion-mediated effects involved alterations in transcription factors regulating signaling pathways associated with cancer hallmarks. As the epigenome is sensitive to cellular metabolism, this study was designed to assess whether depleting VDAC1 affects the metabolism–epigenetics axis. Using DNA microarrays, q-PCR, and specific antibodies, we analyzed the effects of si-VDAC1 treatment of U-87MG-derived tumors on histone modifications and epigenetic-related enzyme expression levels, as well as the methylation and acetylation state, to uncover any alterations in epigenetic properties. Our results demonstrate that metabolic rewiring of GBM via VDAC1 depletion affects epigenetic modifications, and strongly support the presence of an interplay between metabolism and epigenetics.
Partnering With Family Members to Detect Delirium in Critically Ill Patients*

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of family-administered tools to detect delirium in critically ill patients. Design: Diagnostic accuracy study. Setting: Large, tertiary care academic hospital in a single-payer health system. Patients: Consecutive, eligible patients with at least one family member present (dyads) and a Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale greater than or equal to –3, no primary direct brain injury, the ability to provide informed consent (both patient and family member), the ability to communicate with research staff, and anticipated to remain admitted in the ICU for at least a further 24 hours to complete all assessments at least once. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Family-administered delirium assessments (Family Confusion Assessment Method and Sour Seven) were completed once daily. A board-certified neuropsychiatrist and team of ICU research nurses conducted the reference standard assessments of delirium (based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, criteria) once daily for a maximum of 5 days. The mean age of the 147 included patients was 56.1 years (sd, 16.2 yr), 61% of whom were male. Family members (n = 147) were most commonly spouses (n = 71, 48.3%) of patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve on the Family Confusion Assessment Method was 65.0% (95% CI, 60.0–70.0%), 71.0% (95% CI, 66.0–76.0%) for possible delirium (cutpoint of 4) on the Sour Seven and 67.0% (95% CI, 62.0–72.0%) for delirium (cutpoint of 9) on the Sour Seven. These area under the receiver operating characteristic curves were lower than the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (standard of care) and Confusion Assessment Method for ICU. Combining the Family Confusion Assessment Method or Sour Seven with the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist or Confusion Assessment Method for ICU resulted in area under the receiver operating characteristic curves that were not significantly better, or worse for some combinations, than the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist or Confusion Assessment Method for ICU alone. Adding the Family Confusion Assessment Method and Sour Seven to the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist and Confusion Assessment Method for ICU improved sensitivity at the expense of specificity. Conclusions: Family-administered delirium detection is feasible and has fair, but lower diagnostic accuracy than clinical assessments using the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist and Confusion Assessment Method for ICU. Family proxy assessments are essential for determining baseline cognitive function. Engaging and empowering families of critically ill patients warrant further study.
Changes in the Expression of Pre-Replicative Complex Genes in hTERT and ALT Pediatric Brain Tumors

Background: The up-regulation of a telomere maintenance mechanism (TMM) is a common feature of cancer cells and a hallmark of cancer. Routine methods for detecting TMMs in tumor samples are still missing, whereas telomerase targeting treatments are becoming available. In paediatric cancers, alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) is found in a subset of sarcomas and malignant brain tumors. ALT is a non-canonical mechanism of telomere maintenance developed by cancer cells with no-functional telomerase. Methods: To identify drivers and/or markers of ALT, we performed a differential gene expression analysis between two zebrafish models of juvenile brain tumors, that differ only for the telomere maintenance mechanism adopted by tumor cells: one is ALT while the other is telomerase-dependent. Results: Comparative analysis of gene expression identified five genes of the pre-replicative complex, ORC4, ORC6, MCM2, CDC45 and RPA3 as upregulated in ALT. We searched for a correlation between telomerase levels and expression of the pre-replicative complex genes in a cohort of paediatric brain cancers and identified a counter-correlation between telomerase expression and the genes of the pre-replicative complex. Moreover, the analysis of ALT markers in a group of 20 patients confirmed the association between ALT and increased RPA and decreased H3K9me3 localization at telomeres. Conclusions: Our study suggests that telomere maintenance mechanisms may act as a driver of telomeric DNA replication and chromatin status in brain cancers and identifies markers of ALT that could be exploited for precise prognostic and therapeutic purposes.