Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural Isomerism and Enhanced Lipophilicity of Pyrithione Ligands of Organoruthenium(II) Complexes Increase Inhibition on AChE and BuChE

The increasing number of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cases requires the development of new improved drug candidates, possessing the ability of more efficient treatment as well as less unwanted side effects. Cholinesterase enzymes are highly associated with the development of AD and thus represent important druggable targets. Therefore, we have synthesized eight organoruthenium(II) chlorido complexes 1a–h with pyrithione-type ligands (pyrithione = 1-hydroxypyridine-2(1H)-thione, a), bearing either pyrithione a, its methyl (b-e) or bicyclic aromatic analogues (f–h) and tested them for their inhibition towards electric eel acetylcholinesterase (eeAChE) and horse serum butyrylcholinesterase (hsBuChE). The experimental results have shown that the novel complex 1g with the ligand 1-hydroxyquinoline-2-(1H)-thione (g) improves the inhibition towards eeAChE (IC50 = 4.9 μM) and even more potently towards hsBuChE (IC50 = 0.2 μM) in comparison with the referenced 1a. Moreover, computational studies on Torpedo californica AChE have supported the experimental outcomes for 1g, possessing the lowest energy value among all tested complexes and have also predicted several interactions of 1g with the target protein. Consequently, we have shown that the aromatic ring extension of the ligand a, though only at the appropriate position, is a viable strategy to enhance the activity against cholinesterases.
Molecular and Cellular Complexity of Glioma. Focus on Tumour Microenvironment and the Use of Molecular and Imaging Biomarkers to Overcome Treatment Resistance

This review highlights the importance and the complexity of tumour biology and microenvironment in the progression and therapy resistance of glioma. Specific gene mutations, the possible functions of several non-coding microRNAs and the intra-tumour and inter-tumour heterogeneity of cell types contribute to limit the efficacy of the actual therapeutic options. In this scenario, identification of molecular biomarkers of response and the use of multimodal in vivo imaging and in particular the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) based molecular approach, can help identifying glioma features and the modifications occurring during therapy at a regional level. Indeed, a better understanding of tumor heterogeneity and the development of diagnostic procedures can favor the identification of a cluster of patients for personalized medicine in order to improve the survival and their quality of life.
Differential lung inflammation and injury with tobacco smoke exposure in Wistar Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats

Abstract Objective Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide and has been associated with periods of intense lung inflammation. The objective of this study was to characterize whether similar rat strains, possessing different genetic predispositions, might play a role in exacerbating the pathophysiology of COPD-like cellular and structural changes with progressive 12-week exposure to tobacco smoke (TS). Normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats were compared. Materials and methods WKY and SH rats were exposed to filtered air or to tobacco smoke at a particulate concentration of 80 mg/m3 for 4, 8, or 12 weeks. Necropsy was performed 24 h after the last exposure to obtain cells by bronchoalveolar lavage for total cell and differential counts. Scoring of lung tissues and immunohistochemical staining for M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) macrophages were performed on paraffin-embedded lung sections. Results and discussion With progressive exposure, TS-exposed SH rats demonstrated significant airspace enlargement, mucin production, and lung inflammation compared to their FA control and TS-matched WKY rats. Moreover, SH rats also demonstrated increased expression of the M1 marker in alveolar macrophages compared to FA control, as well as the M2 marker compared to controls and TS-exposed WKY rats. Conclusion The progressive tobacco smoke exposure contributes to persistent lung injury and inflammation that can be significantly enhanced by rat strain susceptibility in the genesis of COPD.
Neurofluid Dynamics and the Glymphatic System: A Neuroimaging Perspective

The glymphatic system hypothesis is a concept describing the clearance of waste products from the brain. The term “glymphatic system” combines the glial and lymphatic systems and is typically described as follows. The perivascular space functions as a conduit that drains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the brain parenchyma. CSF guided to the perivascular space around the arteries enters the interstitium of brain tissue via aquaporin-4 water channels to clear waste proteins into the perivascular space around the veins before being drained from the brain. In this review, we introduce the glymphatic system hypothesis and its association with fluid dynamics, sleep, and disease. We also discuss imaging methods to evaluate the glymphatic system.
Modeling the Biodegradation of Used Engine Oil in Soil

The illegal release of used engine oil (UEO) is an environmental hazard with global concerns. UEO contains heavy metals and hydrocarbons that could modify soil properties and gradually destroy soil usefulness. Thus, soil contaminated with UEO requires remediation to restore its usefulness. In this study, the biodegradation of UEO in soil was examined and modeled. Soil samples were contaminated with UEO and inoculated with cultured bacteria isolated from clogged drainage systems for 56 days. Experimental results indicated that Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, Bacillus cereus, Providencia and Acinetobacter species actively participated in the biodegradation process. The percentage reduction of UEO was statistically highly significant (p<0.05) for all five bacterial species and found to be in the following order: Pseudomonas (94.67%) > Micrococcus (71.45%) > Bacillus cereus (31.00%) > Providencia (28.37%) > Acinetobacter (28.25%). The biodegradation data complied with first-order kinetic model. Accordingly, first-order kinetic models of the biodegradation of UEO in soil for the five active bacteria were developed. The models were used to fit the biodegradation of UEO in soil with coefficient of determination (R) range of 0.6757 – 0.9078 and p-value range of 0.1508 – 0.6704 (p>0.05), indicating that the developed models can adequately predict the biodegradation of UEO in soil with time by the respective bacteria.
Deep Reasoning Networks for Unsupervised Pattern De-mixing with Constraint Reasoning

We introduce Deep Reasoning Networks (DR-Nets), an end-to-end framework that combines deep learning with constraint reasoning for solving pattern de-mixing problems, typically in an unsupervised or very-weakly-supervised setting. DRNets exploit problem structure and prior knowledge by tightly combining constraint reasoning with stochastic-gradient-based neural network optimization. Our motivating task is from materials discovery and concerns inferring crystal structures of materials from X-ray diffraction data (Crystal-Structure-Phase-Mapping). Given the complexity of its underlying scientiﬁc domain, we start by introducing DRNets on an analogous but much simpler task: de-mixing overlapping hand-written Sudokus (Multi-MNIST-Sudoku). On Multi-MNIST-Sudoku, DRNets almost perfectly recovered the mixed Sudokus’ digits, with 100% digit accuracy, outperforming the supervised state-of-the-art MNIST de-mixing models. On Crystal-Structure-Phase-Mapping, DRNets signiﬁcantly outperform the state of the art and experts’ capabilities, recovering more precise and physically meaningful crystal structures.
Evaluation of GammaH2AX in Buccal Cells as a Molecular Biomarker of DNA Damage in Alzheimer’s Disease in the AIBL Study of Ageing

In response to double-stranded breaks (DSBs) in chromosomal DNA, H2AX (a member of histone H2A family) becomes phosphorylated to form γH2AX. Although increased levels of γH2AX have been reported in the neuronal nuclei of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients, the understanding of γH2AX responses in buccal nuclei of individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD remain unexplored. In the current study, endogenous γH2AX was measured in buccal cell nuclei from MCI (n = 18) or AD (n = 16) patients and in healthy controls (n = 17) using laser scanning cytometry (LSC). The γH2AX level was significantly elevated in nuclei of the AD group compared to the MCI and control group, and there was a concomitant increase in P-trend for γH2AX from the control group through MCI to the AD group. Receiver-operating characteristic curves were carried out for different γH2AX parameters; γH2AX in nuclei resulted in the greatest area under the curve value of 0.7794 (p = 0.0062) with 75% sensitivity and 70% specificity for the identification of AD patients from control. In addition, nuclear circularity (a measure of irregular nuclear shape) was significantly higher in the buccal cell nuclei from the AD group compared with the MCI and control groups. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between the nuclear circularity and γH2AX signals. The results indicated that increased DNA damage is associated with AD.
Whole-blood transcriptome profiling reveals signatures of metformin and its therapeutic response

Metformin, a biguanide agent, is the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus due to its glucose-lowering effect. Despite its wide application in the treatment of multiple health conditions, the glycemic response to metformin is highly variable, emphasizing the need for reliable biomarkers. We chose the RNA-Seq-based comparative transcriptomics approach to evaluate the systemic effect of metformin and highlight potential predictive biomarkers of metformin response in drug-naïve volunteers with type 2 diabetes in vivo. The longitudinal blood-derived transcriptome analysis revealed metformin-induced differential expression of novel and previously described genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis (SLC46A1 and LRP1), cancer development (CYP1B1, STAB1, CCR2, TMEM176B), and immune responses (CD14, CD163) after administration of metformin for three months. We demonstrate for the first time a transcriptome-based molecular discrimination between metformin responders (delta HbA1c ≥ 1% or 12.6 mmol/mol) and non-responders (delta HbA1c < 1% or 12.6 mmol/mol), that is determined by expression levels of 56 genes, explaining 13.9% of the variance in the therapeutic efficacy of the drug. Moreover, we found a significant upregulation of IRS2 gene (log2FC 0.89) in responders compared to non-responders before the use of metformin. Finally, we provide evidence for the mitochondrial respiratory complex I as one of the factors related to the high variability of the therapeutic response to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Experiment and numerical analyses for pressure distribution on deck under undercarriage load

[Objectives] Complex contact takes place between a deck and the undercarriage of equipment. The undercarriage load cannot simply be regarded as a uniform load. In order to investigate the pressure distribution between a deck and undercarriage,[Methods]the nonlinear contact calculation of the undercarriage of a large piece of equipment is made using the finite element method,and the pressure distribution characteristics of the deck are analyzed. The distribution of the contact force is then verified through experiment. On this basis,a calculation method for replacing the undercarriage load with the equivalent wheel load is proposed which converts complex nonlinear contact calculation into linear elasticity calculation. [Results]It is found that the contact force is mainly distributed on the web beam and the front of the undercarriage,and the latter exerts great stress on the deck. The contact force of the front end of the undercarriage is about 25% that of the total load. The experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical results. [Conclusions]This simplified calculation method is practicable in deck design and strength analysis for similar kinds of ship.
Interpretability of Input Representations for Gait Classification in Patients after Total Hip Arthroplasty

Many machine learning models show black box characteristics and, therefore, a lack of transparency, interpretability, and trustworthiness. This strongly limits their practical application in clinical contexts. For overcoming these limitations, Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has shown promising results. The current study examined the influence of different input representations on a trained model’s accuracy, interpretability, as well as clinical relevancy using XAI methods. The gait of 27 healthy subjects and 20 subjects after total hip arthroplasty (THA) was recorded with an inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based system. Three different input representations were used for classification. Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) was used for model interpretation. The best accuracy was achieved with automatically extracted features (mean accuracy Macc = 100%), followed by features based on simple descriptive statistics (Macc = 97.38%) and waveform data (Macc = 95.88%). Globally seen, sagittal movement of the hip, knee, and pelvis as well as transversal movement of the ankle were especially important for this specific classification task. The current work shows that the type of input representation crucially determines interpretability as well as clinical relevance. A combined approach using different forms of representations seems advantageous. The results might assist physicians and therapists finding and addressing individual pathologic gait patterns.
The clinicopathological features of combined primary hepatic adenosquamous-hepatocellular carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE To explore the pathological features of combined primary hepatic adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS The clinicopathological data of one case of cASC-HCC was collected, and the features were analyzed through a literature review. RESULTS The male patient was 59 years old and had suffered from inconsistent, upper abdominal pain without any obvious cause for one year. MRI and B-Mode ultrasound images of the upper abdomen showed abnormal signals in the posterior segment of the right lobe of the liver, measuring 12.2 × 7.7 cm. A right hepatectomy was performed. A gross examination revealed an irregular, gray-white infiltrating growing mass, with a partially grayish-yellow area. The histological morphology and immunohistochemical results showed that the tumor was composed of ASC in the gray-white area, accounting for about 80%, and HCC in the grayish yellow area, accounting for about 20%. CONCLUSION cASC-HCC is a rare, malignant tumor with high rates of recurrence and metastasis. It mainly occurs in the right lobe of the liver, especially in older men with a history of hepatitis or intrahepatic cholangiolithiasis. Surgery is the main treatment method.
Gender gaps in preschool age: A study of behavior, neurodevelopment and pre-academic skills

Background: Female educational advantage is evident from elementary school and throughout the education system. Understanding the gender differences that precede school entry might provide important insight as to why girls outperform boys later in their educational careers. Aims: The aim of this study was to explore gender differences in early literacy and numeracy skills, as well as a range of neurodevelopmental and behavioral domains between the age of five and six years. Methods: We used questionnaire data from preschool teachers in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study reported for 7467 children attending the final year in preschool, to explore gender differences and age patterns by fitting flexible regression models predicting pre-academic, behavioral and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Results: We found gender differences favoring girls for all outcomes except internalizing behavior. For neurodevelopment and behavior, differences in adjusted standardized scores ranged from 46% of a standard deviation (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41, 0.50) in overall school readiness to 31% of a standard deviation difference in externalizing behavior problems (CI 0.21, 0.41). We found gender differences for all literacy skills in favor of girls. The gender gap in naming and adding numbers was small, but in favor of girls. Increasing age was associated with improved pre-academic skills and school readiness, as well as reduction of attention problems and language difficulties, the latter especially for boys. Conclusions: We conclude that gender differences favoring girls exist prior to school entry for a broad range of pre-academic, behavioral and neurodevelopmental skills relevant to school functioning.
Different Ways to Drown Out the Pain: A Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Nonsuicidal Self-Injury and Alcohol Use

Abstract Objective There is a significant overlap in the motivations for nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and alcohol use. Moreover, several theories would predict that more frequent alcohol use is likely associated with more NSSI engagement. Still, the size and direction of this association has not been well documented in the literature. Method To address this gap, the goal of this article was to conduct a meta-analysis of the relation between alcohol use and NSSI. Results Across 57 samples and 141,669 participants, we found that there was a significant positive association between NSSI and alcohol use, odds ratio = 1.78, 95% confidence interval [1.53, 2.07], k = 64, m = 52. Moderator analyses found that this effect was stronger for younger samples and samples with more severe alcohol use problems. Conclusions These results help establish a link between NSSI and alcohol use. Implications and future directions for NSSI research and intervention are discussed. Highlights There are several reasons to think that NSSI and alcohol use are linked. No reviews or meta-analyses have been conducted. We found a significant and small effect linking greater NSSI with greater alcohol use.
Relationship between Physico-chemical Parameters and Phylogenetics Study of Human Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein (LRP)

In this study, 11members of humanlow density lipoprot ein receptor-related protein (LRP) sequences was retrievedfrom UniProtKB/ SWISS-PROT protein database and was analyzed for information about their structural, functional and phylogenetic features. This was achieved by using many established biocomputation al tools which was available at their latest version. This study shows that LRP 12 and 3 are closely related with LRP8 being their nearest neighbor. In all, it was observed that there were very low possession of certain essential amino acid like glycine, p roline and a very high aliphatic in all the LRP family. Considering the evolutionary history, functional domains, high aliphatic index, overall proportion of glycine and proline and the established role of one (LRP8) of this closely related LRP in diseases , it is thus predicted that the other closely related LRP3 and 12 molecules may be important candidate in investigating the aetiopathology of Myocardial infarction1 diseases or other heart related disorder.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OF HUTCHINSONIELLA MACRACANTHA (CEPHALOCARIDA)

The central nervous system of the cephalocarid Hutchinsoniella macracantha is well developed, although missing several structures which are characteristic of the general crustacean plan. There are no signs of eyes either in the adult or in the larva. The organ of Bellonci, central body, protocerebral bridge, and paracentral lobes are absent. The mushroom bodies occur in the central nervous system in a form different from that found in malacostracan crustaceans and are unexpectedly well developed. They are connected to the olfactory lobes, which in this species are displaced ventrally into the clypeus (anterior part of the so-called labrum), extremely large, and of hitherto unseen construction. The central nervous system of Hutchinsoniella does not conform to a paradigm of overall primitiveness and must have evolved separately in the cephalocarid line for a long period.
Noble Gases in Ocean Waters and Sediments 703

Noble gases are widely used in studies of the basic properties and dynamics of natural systems including the ocean. This chapter describes some of the more extensive applications of noble gases (mainly helium isotopes) to studies of oceanographic problems. They include the modern oceanic circulation, paleo-oceanography, hydrothermal and cold brine systems in the deep ocean, and ocean/atmosphere gas exchange.
Computing Policy’s Regression Expectations in Probabilistic Domains

In this paper we investigate the problem of computing regression expectations, needed for execution monitoring, when the course of action being monitored is represented as a policy. Until now, the notion of expectation has focused on plans, deﬁned as sequences of actions. This paper presents a formalization to the notion of expectations when the agent is executing policies instead of plans. Policies are used when acting in probabilistic domains, where executing actions might have multiple outcomes with known probability distributions.
Therapeutic effects and mechanisms of actions of Descurainia sophia

Descurainia sophia Webb ex Prantl has been used in traditional medicine globally. It has been shown that Descurainia sophia, together with many other bioactive compounds, can modulate the biological functions of various genes. We have viewed the clinical benefits and mechanisms of action of Descurainia sophia associated with its current uses and outlined potential further applications. There are many studies documenting its numerous clinical effects in cancer, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and cardiac systems. Further, Descurainia sophia has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anthelmintic activities. The clinical studies did not indicate any significant adverse effects of Descurainia sophia, demonstrating that it is a safe and effective herbal medicine. However, more clinical studies demonstrating the therapeutic effects of Descurainia sophia are still warranted.
Performance Comparison of Parallel Asynchronous Self Time Adder using Modified GDI Logic for Low Power & Low Area Applications

As per the latest research works are concerned the CMOS technology (regarded as Conventional Complementary Static) which could be used as the design to a parallel for the adder circuit which is self-timed for which NMOS and PMOS are of equal count. The transistors required are almost in huge number for testing the performance of digital circuits and logic gates. And thus power consumption and area of cross section required are in higher amount. In such cases, the modified gate with diffusion input(GDI) is thus proposed for the (PASTA) the parallel asynchronous self-time adder technique. And as per the results of the proposed are considered it offers a very less number of transitions and comparatively has a lower power consumption rate. Thus the outcome process is brought through TANNER TOOLv14. 11 to check the working.
The occurrence of buried viable seeds in relation to environmental gradients

The available information on buried seeds is briefly reviewed. Density of buried viable seeds is found to decline with increasing altitude, latitude and successional age and with decreasing intensity of disturbance. Maximum densities of buried seeds are probably to be found in temperate arable situations. Minimum densities occur in tropical rain forest and in arctic and alpine habitats. These patterns can be satisfactorily explained in terms of gradients of stress and disturbance, where stress is a function of the external constraints limiting the rate of dry matter production, and disturbance is the total or partial destruction of the vegetation. Buried seed density is correlated positively with disturbance and negatively with stress.