Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phototactic responses of Elachista antarctica (Phaeophyceae) spores of different ages across a broad irradiance range using new motion analysis software

Abstract Phototactic movements of Elachista antarctica spores were quantified across a wide range of irradiances from 10 to 800 μmol photons m-2 s-1 using the recently updated version of CellTrak 1.5 motion analysis software. Spores 0–12 h old exhibited phototactic attraction at 80 and 200 μmol photons m-2 s-1, which contributed to vertical movements up out of the boundary layer to be further dispersed hydrodynamically, but were repelled at 800 μmol photons m-2 s-1, causing spores to retreat from detrimental irradiances. No significant effects were observed among spores released 24–36 h before measuring phototaxis at 200 and 800 μmol photons m-2 s-1.
Hippocampal and temporal lobe atrophy and age‐related decline in memory

Objectives ± To evaluate the relationship of memory decline that accompanies aging with structural changes in the medial temporal lobe, in healthy middle-aged and older subjects. Material and methods ± A sample of 35 neurologically non-diseased subjects, between 55 and 70 years of age, were examined in a 5-year follow-up study. Neuropsychological investigation included tests of learning, verbal memory, and visual memory. MRI was performed with a superconducting MRI system operating at 1.0 T, using coronal slices of T1weighted images. Medial temporal lobe atrophy was rated separately in the neocortical, entorhinal and hippocampal regions. Results ± We did not ®nd any statistically signi®cant relationship between mild hippocampal or temporal atrophy and memory test performance. Nor did the longitudinal decline in memory show a relationship with temporal lobe atrophy. Conclusions ± The main outcome of our study was that agerelated memory decline was not related to mild temporal lobe atrophy in healthy subjects without mild cognitive impairment. There could be other factors in ̄uencing memory functions besides age-related structural changes in temporal lobes. R. Ylikoski, O. Salonen, R. MaÈntylaÈ , A. Ylikoski, P. Keskivaara, M. LeskelaÈ , T. Erkinjuntti Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neuropsychological Unit, Memory Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Helsinki University Hospital, and Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki
Simple and Rapid Detection by mtCOI PCR-RFLP to distinguish the Q biotype of Bemisia tabaci.

Simple and Rapid Detection by mtCOI PCR-RFLP to distinguish the Q biotype of Bemisia tabaci. Shigenori Ueda (National Agricultural Research Center for Kyushu Okinawa Region, Koshi, Kumamoto 861-1192, Japan) The Q biotype of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) was first identified in Japan in 2004 by nucleotide sequence analyses of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) gene (Ueda and Brown, 2006). The morphological characters of B. tabaci are not definitive for differentiating biological variants or biotypes. In this report, a simple, rapid method for the identification of the Q biotype without mtCOI gene sequencing analysis is presented. The mtCOI PCR products (866 bp) from the Q biotype were digested with EcoT141 (StyI) into two fragments of 555 by and 311 bp, while the PCR products from the B biotype were cleaved with Stul into two fragments of 560 by and 306 bp. The PCR-RFLP method described here is sufficient for distinguishing populations of the Q biotype in a number of samples obtained from fields.
Analyzing Stochastic Computer Models: A Review with Opportunities

In modern science, computer models are often used to understand complex phenomena, and a thriving statistical community has grown around analyzing them. This review aims to bring a spotlight to the growing prevalence of stochastic computer models -- providing a catalogue of statistical methods for practitioners, an introductory view for statisticians (whether familiar with deterministic computer models or not), and an emphasis on open questions of relevance to practitioners and statisticians. Gaussian process surrogate models take center stage in this review, and these, along with several extensions needed for stochastic settings, are explained. The basic issues of designing a stochastic computer experiment and calibrating a stochastic computer model are prominent in the discussion. Instructive examples, with data and code, are used to describe the implementation of, and results from, various methods.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTI-HYPERLIPIDEMIC EFFECT OF ZINGIBER OFFICINALE,MOMORDICA CHARANTIA, TRIGONELLA FOENUM-GRAECUM, DILLENIA INDICA AND TAMARINDUS INDICA.

This dissertation aimed to compare the antihyperlipidemic effects of methanolic extract of Zingiber officinale, Momordica charantia, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Dillenia indica and Tamarindus indica in hyperlipidemic animal models. Atorvastatin was used as standard drug. The crude extract (100 mg/kg) of these significantly prevented the increase in low density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and significantly increased the HDL level in blood serum. The reduction in serum level of above parameters was compared with atorvastatin and then within themselves. Among the five samples, Zingiber officinale extract showed significant Cholesterol reduction property (p<0.001) compared to other extracts. Momordica charantia & Dilenia indica (p<0.001) significantly increased the blood HDL cholesterol level. Zingiber officinale, Dilenia indica & Tamarindus indica significantly reduced LDL level in blood (p<0.001). Momordica charantia & Trigonella foenum-graecum significantly reduced TG level (p<0.001) in blood serum of rats. So, the above results confirmed that all extracts are potent against hyperlipidemia.
Costs and Risk of Catfish Split‐pond Systems

Split ponds are recently developed pond-based aquaculture systems that allow intensification of catfish aquaculture. Successful industry-wide adoption of newly developing technologies like split-pond systems will depend upon their productivity and cost efficiencies. Costs and production performance of the following three split-pond design scenarios were monitored in Arkansas and Mississippi: (1) research design developed at the Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Stoneville, Mississippi; (2) waterwheel design tested on commercial catfish ponds; and (3) screw-pump design tested on commercial catfish ponds. An economic engineering approach using standard enterprise budget analysis was used to develop estimates of breakeven prices (BEPs) ($/kg) for producing foodsize hybrid catfish (♂Ictalurus furcatus × ♀Ictalurus punctatus) for each scenario. Estimates of BEPs of hybrid catfish raised in split ponds ranged from $1.72 to $2.05/kg. The cost of catfish production in split ponds was sensitive to yield, fish prices, and feed prices. Annual net cash flows from both commercial split-pond systems were high and sufficient to make the investment profitable in the long run. Feed price, feed conversion ratio, and yield contributed the most to downside risk of split ponds.
Science and the Endangered Species Act

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Comparisons Between Different Methods in Measuring Enzyme Similarity for Metabolic Network Alignment

Metabolic network alignments enable comparison of the similarities and differences between pathways in two metabolic networks and help to uncover the conserved sub-blocks therein. Such analysis is important in the understanding of metabolic networks and species evolution. The fundamental parts of metabolic network alignment algorithms all involve comparisons of the similarity between two enzymes as a similarity measure of network nodes. As a result, the study of methods for measuring enzyme similarity becomes highly relevant. Currently, two approaches are mainly used to measure enzyme similarity. One of the methods is based on similarity measures of gene or protein sequences; the other is based on enzyme classification. In this study, multiple metabolic network alignments were performed using both the methods. The results showed that, in general, the sequence similarity method yielded higher accuracy, especially with respect to reflecting evolutionary distances.
LSD_2 - Joint Denoising and Deblurring of Short and Long Exposure Images with CNNs

The paper addresses the problem of acquiring high-quality photographs with handheld smartphone cameras in low-light imaging conditions. We propose an approach based on capturing pairs of short and long exposure images in rapid succession and fusing them into a single high-quality photograph. Unlike existing methods, we take advantage of both images simultaneously and perform a joint denoising and deblurring using a convolutional neural network. A novel approach is introduced to generate realistic short-long exposure image pairs. The method produces good images in extremely challenging conditions and outperforms existing denoising and deblurring methods. It also enables exposure fusion in the presence of motion blur.
On the regularization effect of stochastic gradient descent applied to least-squares

We study the behavior of stochastic gradient descent applied to $\|Ax -b \|_2^2 \rightarrow \min$ for invertible $A \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times n}$. We show that there is an explicit constant $c_{A}$ depending (mildly) on $A$ such that $$ \mathbb{E} ~\left\| Ax_{k+1}-b\right\|^2_{2} \leq \left(1 + \frac{c_{A}}{\|A\|_F^2}\right) \left\|A x_k -b \right\|^2_{2} - \frac{2}{\|A\|_F^2} \left\|A^T A (x_k - x)\right\|^2_{2}. $$ This is a curious inequality: the last term has one more matrix applied to the residual $u_k - u$ than the remaining terms: if $x_k - x$ is mainly comprised of large singular vectors, stochastic gradient descent leads to a quick regularization. For symmetric matrices, this inequality has an extension to higher-order Sobolev spaces. This explains a (known) regularization phenomenon: an energy cascade from large singular values to small singular values smoothes.
Effect of Zinc Methionine Supplementation on the Performance of Mature Broiler Breeders

Abstract A 22 week study was conducted with mature broiler breeders to evaluate their performance and immuno-response when fed a zinc-supplemented diet. Three dietary treatments were used: 1) a practical basal (control) diet containing 72 mg/kg of Zn and 0.357% methionine (Met); 2) the basal diet supplemented with 80 mg/kg of Zn from Zn Oxide and DL-Methionine to provide 152 mg/kg of Zn and 0.373% Met; and 3) the basal diet supplemented with 80 mg/kg Zn from Zn-Methionine to provide 152 mg/kg of Zn and 0.373% Met. Six replications of each dietary treatment were utilized, with each replication containing 40 females and 5 males. Daily feed allocation was 35 lb/100 birds. Egg production and livability were measured daily for the 22-wk trial. Fertility, hatchability, egg weights and chick weights were evaluated 4 times during the study. Cellular and humoral immunity were measured at week 22. Fertility and hatchability of eggs from birds fed the zinc-supplemented diets were not different from birds fed the control diet. Zinc-supplemented diets did not alter egg weight, chick weight, egg production, livability, and humoral or cellular immunity when compared to the control-fed birds. Significance levels were based on P
Screening and Characterization of Marine Seaweeds and its Antimicrobial Potential against Fish Pathogens

Bacterial diseases are responsible for heavy mortality in wild and cultured fish. The problems in the farms are usually tackled by preventing disease outbreaks or by treating the actual disease with drugs or chemicals. The use of antimicrobial agents has increased significantly in aquaculture practices. In the present study, the seaweed samples were tested against wide range of fresh water fish pathogens. It is well documented that all the five seaweed samples were effective against fish pathogens.It is documented that, the present study is initiated to explore the bioactive potential of major seaweeds infested along Gulf of Mannar as a potential source of marine bioprospecting in future. This study aims to pave way for the identification of new bioactive compounds for treating the dreadful diseases and thereby help to reduce the multidrug resistant organisms.
A Historical Review

No matter how good the circuit production technology is, we, as the design engineers, are in a position, to squeeze the best electrical performance out of it. As far as the design of communication systems are concerned, the most critical issue is the error free transmission and reception of electrical signals over the band of operation. In order to squeeze the limits of the production technology, we must be able to provide best of signal transmission over a wide frequency band. Signal transmission starts with a properly designed antenna and its matching network. This way of understanding design problems guides us to construct antenna matching networks (or equalizers) with high gain and wide frequency bandwidth as much as possible. Thus, we are facing to gain-bandwidth limits of antennas both at receiver and transmitter ends of the communication systems. This problem is called broadband matching and occupies a significant part of the existing literature. The analytic theory behind of it, is elegant, difficult to comprehend and hard to access beyond simple problems [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]. Furthermore, depending on the design problem, using analytic theory, we may not be able to reach to a solution. If the solution exists it may result in sub-optimal electrical performance with complicated circuit structures to be manufactured [12, 13, 14, 15]. Therefore, almost all design engineers prefer to work with computer-aided ad-hoc or brute force design techniques to construct antenna matching networks (or equalizers). In these techniques, regardless what the gain-bandwidth limits of the devices to be matched, first a circuit topology is selected for the matching network to be designed then, element values of the selected circuit is determined to optimize the electrical performance of the matched system. Beyond simple cases, utilization of ad-hoc design techniques
Effect Of Replacing Fish Meal With Blood Meal On Chemical Composition Of Supplement For Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus)

ABSTRACT The objective of the work was to evaluate the effect on the nutrient content of replacing fish meal (FM) with blood meal (BM) in fish supplement. Three isonitrogenous diets (35% crude protein) were formulated using FM as the main source of animal protein (BM0); 50% replacement of FM with blood meal (BM50); or 100% replacement of FM with BM (BM100). The chemical composition (ash, crude protein, crude fat and crude fibre) and amino acid composition were determined. Replacement of FM with BM did not affect the proximate composition of the diet apart from ash content which decreased with the level of substitution. Substituting fish meal with blood meal reduced the levels of methionine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, proline, valine and increased the levels of arginine, phenylanine and alanine in the diet. Amino acid indices revealed that BM0 had more amino acids with the highest chemical scores followed by BM50 and BM100. In all the diets, methionine was the most limiting amino acid. The essential amino acid index of the diets reduced with the level of replacement of FM (0.94, 0.88 and 0.77). The study showed substitution of up to 50% FM with BM gave a useful protein diet and 100% gave almost a poor protein diet.
Sana Physiological responses of two grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars to CycocelTM treatment during drought

ABSTRACT The plant growth regulator CycocelTM [(2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride] can be used to produce drought tolerance in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) due to a reduction in the ratio between vegetative growth and fruit production. To evaluate the physiological responses of two grapevine cultivars to drought and CycocelTM treatment, a factorial experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. The factors included irrigation frequency (at 5-, 10-, or 15-day intervals corresponding to no, mild, or severe drought stress), CycocelTM concentration (0, 500, or 1000 mg l–1), and cultivar (‘Rasheh’ or ‘Bidane-Sefid’). Stomatal conductance (gs) the net rate of CO2 assimilation (Anet), the rate of transpiration (Tr), and chlorophyll a and b concentrations decreased in plants exposed to mild or severe water-deficit stress, whereas carotenoid, proline, and total soluble sugar concentrations increased compared to plants with no drought stress. The relative water content (RWC) of leaves declined only under severe drought stress. A reduction in intercellular CO2 concentrations (Ci) occurred under mild drought stress; however, under severe drought stress, Ci values increased. Under mild drought stress, the reduction in the net rate of photosynthesis was related to stomatal closure, whereas under severe drought stress, non-stomatal factors were dominant. Water-use efficiency (WUE) improved under mild drought stress relative to non-stressed plants, but under severe drought, it declined. Foliar applications of CycocelTM resulted in increased Anet, gs, Tr, and WUE values, as well as proline and soluble sugar concentrations. ‘Rasheh’ was more tolerant to drought stress than was ‘Bidane-Sefid’. Foliar applications of CycocelTM, particularly at 1000 mg l–1, mitigated the negative effects of drought stress by increasing Anet, WUE, RWC, compatible solute concentrations, such as proline, soluble sugar, and chlorophyll a and b concentrations.
Distribution of rare earth elements and structure characterization of chlorophyll-lanthanum in a natural plant fern Dicranopteris dichotoma

The distribution pattern of La, Ce, Nd, Tb, Dy was in the order as leafrootstem, that of Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, Ho, Y was as rootleafstem in fern Dicranopteris dichotoma Underw. Light and moderately heavy rare earth elements were easily selectively absorbed and then accumulated by the fern D. dichotoma . Many mainly light rare earth elements are bound to chlorophyll in D. dichotoma . Among the 15 detectable rare earth elements binding to chlorophyll, lanthanum content (50.08%) was the highest, and cerium content (19.40%) is the second of all. FXAFS (Fluorescence X_ray absorption fine structure) spectral analysis revealed that lanthanum coordinated 2 porphyrin rings and La_chlorophyll_a may have bilayer structure in D. dichotoma.
The Removal Method of Population Estimation

A biweekly posttreatment fish census was taken along a 5,600-foot ditch traversing the marsh; enumerations and estimates of the numbers of each species encountered were supplemented by sampling collections. The census was abandoned when progress in repopulation ended its dependability. Repopulation by fishes began slowly about 4 weeks after the kill, was undeniable at 6 weeks, considerable by 8, and climactic at 10. It was initiated by the broad killifish (Cyprinodon v. variegatus), the dominant invader, and included record minimumsized tarpon by the seventeenth week, but large-sized fish of such species as snook were absent, perhaps significantly. The general absence of dead and dying fishes and the scarcity of living fishes in the marsh after 2 weeks and later suggests that much of the fish population commuting between the marsh and adjacent inshore shallows of Indian River was destroyed. LITERATURE CITED
Infrared reflectance analysis of forage quality for elk

Feeding trials and chemical analysis are the two most common methods used to estimate forage quality. Feeding trials are labor intensive and costly, therefore limited in use. Laboratory methods that predict forage value based on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility are also expensive and time-consuming. Infrared reflectance (IR) techniques have been developed that have potential for rapid, routine prediction of a wide variety of forage quality characteristics and animal responses to these forages. During the early 1960's, the Agricultural Research Service developed near-infrared spectroscopy to determine moisture, oil, and protein content of ground grain. In 1971, commercial instruments using these principles were available to the grain industry (Williams 1975). The objectives of this study were to assess the potential of the IR technique, using fecal or diet samples, to predict forage quality parameters and elk (Cervus elaphus) weight response.
Genome Array on Differentially Expressed Genes of Skin Tissue in Fine Wool Sheep with Different Fiber Diameter

The study aimed to screen the differentially expressed genes of skin tissue in fine wool sheep with different fiber diameter.Affymetrix GeneChip R Bovine Genome Array and Agilent Sheep Oligo Microarray were used to screen differentially expressed genes of skin tissue in fine wool sheep with different fiber diameter.Significance Analysis of Microarray(SAM) methods was used to identify the differentially expressed genes.GO(Gene Ontology) and the pathway analyses were conducted on differentially expressed genes using a free web-based Molecular Annotation System 3.0(MAS 3.0). A total of 267 genes were identified to be differentially expressed genes from 2 different Microarray,106 were up-regulated expression genes and 161 were down-regulated expression genes.GO and Kegg analysis revealed that the expression levels of the most differentially expressed genes were related to cell proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis,protein biosynthesis,Wnt signaling pathway and Keratin constitution etc.Subsequently,Real-time PCR was performed to validate seven differentially expressed genes which were screened out by the microarray approach and sufficient consistency was observed by the two methods.The results suggest that the gene expression profiles of fine wool sheep with different fiber diameter are variant,their different expression may alter the formation and differentiation of skin follicle and wool fiber,and some important genes identified may be useful in further study on molecu1ar markers of fiber diameter in fine wool sheep.