Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Haploidization of Human Diploid Metaphase Cells: Is This Genome Reductive Mechanism Opperational in Near-Haploid Leukemia?

The present study presents cytogenetics/cytology of haploidization in the origin of a new, fast growing diploid, small cell-type (F-dPCs). The sequence of events was haploid groupings of the chromosomes in normal, human metaphase cells, followed by genomic doubling to homozygousdiploidy. These events were responses to DNA replication stress fromamino acid glutamine deprivation. Importantly, these homozygous cells outgrew normal fibroblasts in 2 - 3 passages—they had gained proliferative advantage (GPA), presumably from loss (LOH) of tumor suppressor genes. They were morphologically changed cells with rounded nuclei that grew in a “streaming” growth pattern and with changed form and size of mitosis, similar to some hyperplasias. The grouping of the chromosomes in metaphase cells was asymmetric with a narrow range around the median (23) (no micro-nuclei), suggesting genetic control. The root-origin of haploidization was evidenced by maternal and paternal genomes occupying separate territories in metaphase cells, which assumedly permitted independent segregations of bichromatid chromosomes. In near-haploid ALL-L1 leukemia the loss of virtually, whole chromosomal complements was judged by SNP array analyses, as a primary event before genomic doubling to hyperdiploidy with LOH. From the present data such specific, non-random loss of chromosomes strongly suggested, a haploidization process capable of genomic doubling, as observed for the “birth” of the small, F-dPCs. This suggestion was supported by this type of leukemia being the L1-type, where L1 signifies small cells. The possibility now exists that a tumorigenic process can be initiated directly from diploid cells through haploid (near-haploid) distributed chromosomes in normal metaphase cells. This event followed by monosomic doublings to UPDs would lead to massive LOH and a return to para-diploidy, a frequent occurrence in many types of tumors. The present simple, cultural derivations of the extraordinary F-dPCs allow GPA-identification and experimental manipulations, perhaps relevant in a vaccine program.
Activities of xanthine oxidase, nitric oxide synthase, aromatase and level of cytochrome P450 1A1, 1A2 and 1B1 isoforms in rat upon parenteral genistein injections

It has been established that genistein inhibits the xanthine oxidase and nitric oxide synthase activity in the rat liver, lung and brain and decreases the aromatase activity and the enzyme level in the rat ovaries and uteri. Genistein has been also established as the inductor of the rat liver cytochrome P450 IAl, 1A2 and IBl isoforms. It has been shown in vitro that genistein is both the xanthine oxidase allosteric inhibitor, decreasing the superoxide generation, and the aromatase competitive inhibitor.
What happens off the field? Proposing a rhetorical approach of the affinity spaces surrounding games

This paper considers the relation between literacy, social media practices and rhetoric, by focusing on game-related spaces as sites for learning. Studies from various disciplinary research domains like anthropology (e.g. Ito and Bittanti 2010) and socio-linguistics (e.g. Gee 2003) connect games and learning. Gee (2003) provocatively claims that games can be considered more powerful learning environments than traditional education. He attributes several learning principles to gaming, thereby also calling attention to affinity groups “bonded primarily through shared endeavors, goals, and practices and not shared race, gender, nation, ethnicity, or culture” (Gee 2003: 197). These observations are supported by recent research that has provided evidence for the ubiquity of learning in the digital spaces where people form affinity groups, like games and the spaces surrounding them (e.g. Steinkuehler and Duncan 2008). Earlier explorations of communities and learning practices (e.g. Anderson 1983; Bey 1991; Pratt 1991) supports Gee’s (2005) claim that the relationship between membership and learning should be approached cautiously. This paper claims that rhetorical theory can offer substantive insights in the world of gaming and learning. Based on the theoretical insights of game scholars like Frasca (1999), Bogost (2007), and Voorhees (2009), this paper proposes to broaden the scope of research to the affinity spaces outside of games and to analyze the interactions within those spaces from a rhetorical perspective. A small but growing body of research relates the study of video games to the theory of New Rhetoric. Here, rhetoric should not be defined merely as an act of persuasion through language, but a means for meaning making in a world of symbols and interactions (Herrick 2004: 223). Based on insights from New Rhetoric, and Kenneth Burke in particular, the concepts of circumference and identification are introduced as a means to widen the analytical lens (Kimberling 1982). Brief examples from discussion forums for Fifa 11 are used to illustrate the conceptualizations.
Synergistic Bioactivity of Activated Carbon(Charcoal), Anogeissus Leiocarpus and NaucleaLatifolia on Selected Clinical Isolates

This study evaluated the Synergistic bioactivity of activated carbon (charcoal), Angliss’s lei carpus, Naugle latifoliate against five clinical bacteria and fungi isolates (Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria). Angliss’s eriocarpin (African Birch; Bambara: Naglaa) is a tall deciduous tree native to savannah of tropical Africa. One of the most widely used substance for water purification is activated carbon due to its large surface area and high adsorption capacity. The bacteria are Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Selected fungal isolates which include; Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus Niger, Fusarium solani, Candida albican and S. cerevisae. Antimicrobial screening of crude ethanolic leaf extract of Anogeisssus leiocarpus and ethanolic stem bark extract of Naucle latifolia was carried out using agar well diffusion. The crude extract from both Anogeisssus leiocarpus leaf shows high antimicrobial activities while the Naucle latifolia stem bark extract showed moderate antibacterial and antifungal activity. The synergistic effect of the Anogeisssus leiocarpus leaf and activated carbon shows comparatively higher antimicrobial activities than individual plant and carbon. Highest diameter zones of inhibition were observed from the synergy of A. Anogeisssus leiocarpus leaf and activated carbon against E-coli with 24mm at 100mg/ml, while the least zone of inhibition is observed from the Anogeisssus leiocarpus extract against K. pneumoniae with 18mm at 100mg/ml and 11mm at 12.5mg/ml. The Minimum inhibitory concentration value of Anogeisssus leiocarpus leaf against the bacterial isolates is 12.5mg/ml, while the Minimum bactericidal concentration of activated carbon against the isolates is 25mg/ml concentration. Phytochemical analysis reveals the presence of Alkaloid, Cardiac glycoside, Steroids, Tannin, Saponin, Flavonoid, Anthraquinone, Phenol and reducing sugar. Due to the data recorded from this research work, it can be concluded that, activated carbon can be used in synergy with he mentions medicinal plant (Anogeissus leiocarpus & Nauclea latifolia) for the effective treatment of public water source and recalcitrant clinical isolates.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NATURAL HERBICIDAL COMPOUND FROM Drechslera rostrata

In agriculture, weeds have inevitable importance because of reducing the crop growth and also affecting food quality. Although, synthetic herbicides are available to combat these weeds but during recent years there is a trend of using ecofriendly herbicides extracted from natural resources. Present investigation is a continuity of the research, which reported a natural herbicidal compound named as Ophiobolin A from a fungus, Drechslera rostrata. The fungus was incubated in a growth medium of known composition (minimal medium) up to 28 days and its metabolites were extracted with organic solvents. The compound showing bioactivity was purified with the help of Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RPHPLC) and identified with the help of Spectroscopic techniques viz. Mass Spectroscopy (MS) (LRESIMS and HRESIMS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR). The purified compound caused death of superficial leaf cells of Chenopodium album, a noxious weed of wheat. Present investigation concludes that the identified compound could be used as structural analogue alternative to synthetic herbicides to synthesize natural herbicides.
Predictability of offspring birth weight using simple parental anthropometrics in a government hospital in Lagos, Nigeria

Background : Birth weight is of interest to quantitative geneticists and to obstetricians being one of the most important complex traits that determine perinatal outcome. Moreover, It is a predictor of mother’s and baby’s health later in life. Accuracy of prediction of baby’s birth weight is therefore central to perinatal success and the quality of life of the baby in adulthood. Current intrauterine procedures including ultrasonography are of inadequate predictive values. The possibility of combining parental anthropometric data with already existing predictive methods such as ultrasonography may increase accuracy of birth weight prediction for better peri- and postnatal management of low or high birth weight. Aim : The aim is to determine the parental anthropometric predictors of baby’s birth weight in Lagos, Nigeria. Using parental explanatory variables to predict baby’s weight could complement the already existing predictive methods such as ultrasonography for more accurate prediction of birth weight. Methods and Materials : Parental parameters such as weight, height, BMI and other anthropometric attributes were obtained from 250 couples. Baby’s birth weight was taken immediately after birth. Results : Only three parental factors were needed to substantially predict offspring birth weight. These include mid-paternal weight which was the most explanatory variable, followed by parity, and then maternal weight. Conclusion : Complementing ultrasonographic and other data with information from parental variables, especially mid-paternal weight, parity and maternal weight might improve accuracy of prediction of low birth weight or macrosomic babies and therefore a reduction in perinatal failure. Keywords : Birth weight, anthropometrics, macrosomia, predictability, Nigeria
Invariance of visual operations at the level of receptive fields

The brain is able to maintain a stable perception although the visual stimuli vary substantially on the retina due to geometric transformations and lighting variations in the environment. This paper presents a theory for achieving basic invariance properties already at the level of receptive fields. Specifically, the presented framework comprises (i) local scaling transformations caused by objects of different size and at different distances to the observer, (ii) locally linearized image deformations caused by variations in the viewing direction in relation to the object, (iii) locally linearized relative motions between the object and the observer and (iv) local multiplicative intensity transformations caused by illumination variations. The receptive field model can be derived by necessity from symmetry properties of the environment and leads to predictions about receptive field profiles in good agreement with receptive field profiles measured by cell recordings in mammalian vision. Indeed, the receptive field profiles in the retina, LGN and V1 are close to ideal to what is motivated by the idealized requirements. By complementing receptive field measurements with selection mechanisms over the parameters in the receptive field families, it is shown how true invariance of receptive field responses can be obtained under scaling transformations, affine transformations and Galilean transformations. Thereby, the framework provides a mathematically well-founded and biologically plausible model for how basic invariance properties can be achieved already at the level of receptive fields and support invariant recognition of objects and events under variations in viewpoint, retinal size, object motion and illumination. The theory can explain the different shapes of receptive field profiles found in biological vision, which are tuned to different sizes and orientations in the image domain as well as to different image velocities in space-time, from a requirement that the visual system should be invariant to the natural types of image transformations that occur in its environment.
MULTICOLOR LIF DETECTION IN A SINGLE OPTICAL WINDOW USING PHASE-SENSITIVE MULTIPLEXING

Multicolor laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection is costly because it requires multiple photomultipliers (PMT) and optical filters. We demonstrate a frequency-division-multiplexed LIF (FDM-LIF) system which can perform two-color detection with a single PMT. The sample is excited by two inexpensive laser diodes modulated at different frequencies, and fluorophores are distinguished by the frequencies at which they fluoresce. The frequency components are extracted from a single PMT using phase-sensitive amplifiers. The system successfully distinguishes water-in-oil droplets containing fluorescein or rhodamine-6G generated in a microfluidic junction. FDM-LIF identifies fluorophores based on their excitation spectra; therefore it can distinguish fluorophores with overlapping emission spectra.
AN APPLICATION OF THE ISO/IEC 25010 STANDARD IN THE QUALITY-IN-USE ASSESSMENT OF AN ONLINE HEALTH AWARENESS SYSTEM

Research studies show that there is an upsurge in the number of users surfing the Internet for online health related information. This increase in information seeking behavior on the Web gives rise to the need to ensure that Web based portals meet basic quality in use standards. The ISO/IEC 25010 standard was developed as a model for evaluating such quality in user expectations. In this paper, this standard was used to assess the quality in use of e-Ebola Awareness System, an online health awareness portal. The results provide some insights into the quality into the use of the online portal and also pointing to some issues that impact negatively on the quality in use of the portal, demanding attention and improvement.
ProMETheus: An Intelligent Mobile Voice Meeting Minutes System

In this paper, we focus on designing and developing ProMETheus, an intelligent system for meeting minutes generated from audio data. The first task in ProMETheus is to recognize the speakers from noisy audio data. Speaker recognition algorithm is used to automatically identify who is speaking according to the speech in an audio data. Naturally, speech recognition will transcribe speakers' audio to text so that ProMETheus can generate the complete meeting text with speakers' name chronologically. In order to show the subject of the meeting and the agreed action, we use text summarization algorithm that can extract meaningful key phrases and summary sentences from the complete meeting text. In addition, sentiment analysis for meeting text of different speakers can make the agreed action more humane due to calculating the relevance score of each course by the sentiment and attitude in text tone. The ProMETheus is capable of accurately summarizing the meeting and analyzing the agreed action. Our robust system is evaluated on a real-world audio meeting dataset that involves multiple speakers in each meeting session.
RUMINAL SILAGE DEGRADABILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF FORAGE AND GRAIN-TYPE SORGHUM CULTIVARS

Forages for feeding dairy cows should conciliate the potential for high dry matter yield per unit area, maximizing animal stocking rate, with high nutritive value, which enables decreasing the amount of concentrate feedstuffs per milk unit produced. Eighteen sorghum cultivars were cultivated 0.70 m apart and with 12 plants per linear meter. Plants harvested at the milk-to-dough stage were ensiled in the laboratory. Eleven agronomic and chemical traits were evaluated. Silage samples were incubated in situ and the effective ruminal dry matter degradation (DEF) was calculated assuming a fractional passage rate of -0.04 h. Dry matter yield was 13.0 ± 2.3 (mean ± S.D.) t ha. The neutral detergent fiber content was 50.3 ± 3.8 and the DEF was 48.8 ± 2.8% (dry matter basis). The average sorghum DEF was 84% of the DEF of a composite sample of 60 corn hybrids simultaneously cultivated, ensiled and ruminally incubated. The 12 forage-type cultivars were taller, more productive, had higher fiber content and lower DEF than the 6 grain and dual purpose-type cultivars. The acid detergent fiber content had the greatest correlation with DEF (r= -0.64). The linear model correlating DEF with productivity was: DEF=54.694  0.4449 x t of dry matter ha (r=0.14). Although there are cultivars that show high productivity and digestibility, it seems to be difficult to conciliate the maximum nutritive value with the maximum productivity of the sorghum crop.
Seasonal variations of stable carbon isotopic composition and biogenic tracer compounds of water-soluble organic aerosols in a deciduous forest

To investigate the seasonal changes in biogenic water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) aerosols in a bo- real forest, aerosol samples were collected continuously in the canopy of a deciduous forest in northern Japan during 2009-2010. Stable carbon isotopic composition of WSOC ( 13 CWSOC) in total suspended particulate matter (TSP) ex- hibited a distinct seasonal cycle, with lower values from June through September ( 25.5±0.5 ‰). This cycle fol- lows the net CO2 exchange between the forest ecosystem and the atmosphere, indicating that 13 CWSOC likely reflects the biological activity at the forest site. WSOC concentra- tions showed the highest values in early summer and au- tumn. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis indicated that the factor in which biogenic secondary organic aerosols (BSOAs) dominated accounted for 40 % of the highest con- centrations of WSOC, where BSOAs mostly consisted of - / -pinene SOA. In addition, primary biological aerosol par- ticles (PBAPs) made similar contributions ( 57 %) to the WSOC near the forest floor in early summer. This finding indicates that the production of both primary and secondary WSOC aerosols is important during the growing season in a deciduous forest. The methanesulfonic acid (MSA) maxi- mum was also found in early summer and had a distinct ver- tical gradient with larger concentrations near the forest floor. Together with the similar vertical gradients found for WSOC and 13 CWSOC as well as the -/ -pinene SOA tracers, our results indicate that the forest floor, including ground vege- tation and soil, acts as a significant source of WSOC in TSP within a forest canopy at the study site.
An Evaluation of the Vestigial Signal Defense for Civil GPS Anti-Spoofing

A receiver-autonomous non-cryptographic civil GPS antispoofing technique called the vestigial signal defense (VSD) is defined and evaluated. This technique monitors distortions in the complex correlation domain to detect spoofing attacks. Multipath and spoofing interference models are developed to illustrate the challenge of distinguishing the two phenomena in the VSD. A campaign to collect spoofing and multipath data is described, which specific candidate VSD techniques can be tested against. Test results indicate that the presence of multipath complicated the setting of an appropriate spoofing detection threshold.
Identification of microRNAs related to myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury

Previous studies have suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with the progression of myocardial ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, inconsistent results have been obtained due to the differences in sequencing platform, control selection, and filtering conditions. To explore the key miRNAs in the pathogenesis of myocardial I/R injury and develop miRNA diagnostic biomarkers for myocardial I/R injury prevention, we performed a systematic analysis of publicly available myocardial I/R injury miRNA expression data and investigated the function of the signature miRNA. A total of 17 representative myocardial I/R injury miRNA datasets were extracted from the Google Scholar website and a systematic bioinformatics analysis was done. TargetScan software was used to predict the miRNA target genes, and functional enrichment and transcription factor binding analyses were performed on the target genes using the DAVID and Tfacts databases. In this study, a total of 10 signature miRNAs associated with myocardial I/R injury were identified, which included eight significantly upregulated miRNAs (miR‐let‐7b‐3p, miR‐let‐7c‐3p, miR‐15b‐3p, miR‐195‐3p, miR‐21‐5p, miR‐214‐5p, miR‐24‐3p, and miR‐320a) and two significantly downregulated miRNAs (miR‐126‐5p and miR‐499a‐5p). They had different influences on myocardial I/R injury. The upregulated target gene‐expressing signature messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were mainly involved in the transcriptional regulation process of GO: 0000122, negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, and so on, while downregulated expression of signature mRNAs was mainly involved in GO:0070534, protein K63‐linked ubiquitination, and so forth. To summarize, 10 signature miRNAs of myocardial I/R injury pathogenesis were identified and their target genes and transcription factors were revealed, suggesting the potential novel therapeutic targets for myocardial I/R injury.
MARKET SIZE, TRADE AND RESISTANCE TO TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION

Why is the adoption of more productive technologies more fiercely resisted in some societies than in others? This paper examines the role of market size and free trade in determining whether firms or workers resist the adoption of more advanced technologies. It puts forth a model whereby the price elasticity of demand for each industry’s product is an increasing function of the economy’s population size. A more elastic demand lowers the resistance to technology adoption because the drop in the price of the industry’s output that follows the adoption of a cost-saving technology is associated with a larger increase in industry’s revenue. We demonstrate this mechanism numerically and provide empirical support for this theory. JEL Classification: F12, 013.
Sugarcane Bagasse Ash Reinforced HDPE Composites: Effects of Electron-Beam Radiation Crosslinking on Tensile and Morphological Properties

Environmental issues have led to the development of polymeric materials reinforced with fibers originated from renewable agricultural sources such as pineapple leaf, sisal, jute, piassava, coir, and sugarcane bagasse. Although sugarcane bagasse fiber residues has been extensively studied and used as a source of reinforcement of polymers, the major portion of these residues is currently burnt for energy supply in the sugar and alcohol industries and as a result of its burning, tons of ashes are produced. Due to the inorganic composition, ashes can be used as reinforcement in polymeric materials. This study presents the preparation and characterization of a composite based on HDPE matrix and sugarcane bagasse ashes as reinforcement cross-linked by electron-beam radiation. The HDPE /Ash composite (95:5 wt %) was obtained by using a twin-screw extruder machine followed by injection molding. After extrusion and injection molding process, the composites were subjected to electron-beam radiation, at radiation doses of 150 kGy and 250 kGy using a Dynamitron electron beam accelerator, at room temperature in the presence of air. The irradiated and non-irradiated composite specimens were characterization by tensile and MFI tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and sol-gel analysis. In addition, ash from bagasse fiber was characterized by WDXRF.