Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Breath of Fresh Air: Social Work IPE With People Experiencing Homelessness

ABSTRACT To meet the grand challenge of ending homelessness, social work education programs must prepare students to effectively collaborate with other health-related disciplines. This article presents social work and nursing student perceptions of an innovative interprofessional education activity conducted at a day shelter serving people experiencing homelessness. Students indicate they learned about and from each other, potentially improving future interprofessional collaboration. They also describe learning with each other as they interacted with people experiencing homelessness, developing a new understanding of this persistent social problem and an increased sensitivity toward individuals experiencing homelessness. Students also identify opportunities to improve the activity. Based on these positive results, implications for the continued use of interprofessional activities that include people experiencing homelessness are discussed.
DELSA Global for “Big Data” and the Bioeconomy: Catalyzing Collective Innovation

Eugene Kolker, Elizabeth Stewart, and Vural Özdemir Bioinformatics & High-Throughput Analysis Lab and HighThroughput Analysis Core, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Predictive Analytics, Seattle Children’s Hospital, and Departments of Biomedical Informatics & Medical Education and Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA Data-Enabled Life Sciences Alliance International (DELSA Global), Seattle, WA Group on Complex Collaboration, Faculty of Management, and Centre of Genomics and Policy, Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Ecology of mosquitoes: proceedings of a workshop.

Now welcome, the most inspiring book today from a very professional writer in the world, ecology of mosquitoes proceedings of a workshop. This is the book that many people in the world waiting for to publish. After the announced of this book, the book lovers are really curious to see how this book is actually. Are you one of them? That's very proper. You may not be regret now to seek for this book to read.
R-STDP Based Spiking Neural Network for Human Action Recognition

ABSTRACT Video surveillance systems are omnipresent and automatic monitoring of human activities is gaining importance in highly secured environments. The proposed work explores the use of the bio-inspired third generation neural network called spiking neural network (SNN) in order to recognize the action sequences present in a video. The SNN used in this work carries the neural information in terms of timing of spikes rather than the shape of the spikes. The learning technique used herein is reward-modulated spike time-dependent plasticity (R-STDP). It is based on reinforcement learning that modulates or demodulates the synaptic weights depending on the reward or the punishment signal that it receives from the decision layer. The absence of gradient descent techniques and external classifiers makes the system computationally efficient and simple. Finally, the performance of the network is evaluated on the two benchmark datasets, viz., Weizmann and KTH datasets.
Active control of salinity-based power generation in nanopores using thermal and pH effects

Harvesting blue energy from saline solutions has attracted much attention recently. Salinity-based power generation in nanopores is governed by both passive factors (e.g., the nanopore diameter, nanopore length, nanopore material, and pore density) and active factors (e.g., the concentration gradient, temperature, and pH environment). The present study performs COMSOL multiphysics numerical simulations based on the Poisson–Nernst–Planck equations, Navier–Stokes equations and heat transfer equation to examine the combined effects of the temperature gradient and pH level on the diffusion voltage and maximum power generation in single silica nanopores with lengths of 100 nm and 500 nm, respectively. In performing the simulations, the pH value is adjusted in the range of pH 5–11, the salinity concentration gradient is 100-fold and 1000-fold, respectively. Three different thermal conditions are considered, namely (1) isothermal-room temperature (298 K); (2) asymmetric thermal (temperature of low-concentration reservoir and high-concentration reservoir are 323 K and 298 K, respectively); and (3) isothermal-high temperature (323 K). The results show that the generated power varies significantly with both the pH level and the temperature conditions. In particular, the asymmetric thermal condition yields an effective improvement in the power generation performance since it reduces the surface charge density on the surface of the nanopore near the low-concentration end and therefore suppresses the ion concentration polarization (ICP) effect. The improvement in the energy harvesting performance is particularly apparent at pH levels in the range of 9–10 (about 100% higher than that of pH 7). Overall, the results confirm the feasibility of using active factors to enhance the power generation performance of salinity gradient-based nanopore systems.
GENDER CLASSIFICATION ON SKELETAL REMAINS: EFFICIENCY OF METAHEURISTIC ALGORITHM METHOD AND OPTIMIZED BACK PROPAGATION NEURAL NETWORK

In forensic anthropology, gender classification is one of the crucial steps involved in developing the biological profiles of skeleton remains. There are several different parts of skeleton remains and every part contains several features. However, not all features can contribute to gender classification in forensic anthropology. Besides that, another limitation that exists in previous researches is the absence of parameter optimization for the classifier. Thus, this paper proposed metaheuristic algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization, Ant Colony Algorithm and Harmony Search Algorithm based feature selection to identify the most significant features of skeleton remains. Once the set of significant features was obtained, the learning rate and momentum of Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) were optimized. This was to obtain a good combination of parameters in order to produce a better gender classification. This study used 1,538 data samples from Goldman Osteometric Dataset which consisted of femur, humerus and tibia parts. Based on the feature selection results, the Optimized BPNN outperformed other methods for all datasets. The Ant Colony Algorithm-Optimized Back Propagation Neural Network produced the highest accuracy for all parts of the skeleton where for femur was 89.44%, the humerus with 88.97% and tibia with 87.52% accuracy. Hence, it can be concluded that optimized parameter is capable of providing a better gender classification performance with the best set of features. Due to good gender classification techniques, the implication of this study is evident in the area of forensic anthropology where the process of developing a biological profile can be shortened which in turn enhances the productivity of anthropologists.
Bioengineering options and strategies for the optimization of anaerobic digestion processes

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a complex biological process, and the microbial diversity and dynamics within the reactor needs to be understood and considered when process optimization is sought after. Microbial interactions such as competition, mutualism, antagonism and syntrophism affect the function and the survival of single species in the community; hence, they need to be understood for process improvement. Although the relationship between process performance and the microbial community structure is well established, changes in the community might occur without detectable changes in gas production and reactor performance. Recent molecular-based studies have highlighted the complexity of AD systems revealing the presence of several uncultivated species and the need for further research in this area. However, this information is still rarely used for process optimization. The integration of next generation sequencing technologies, such as 454-pyrosequencing, with other techniques, such as phospholipid-derived fatty acids analysis, can provide a holistic understanding of the microbial community. In addition, the in-depth phylogenetic resolution provided can aid environmental ecologists and engineers to better understand and optimize the AD process and consolidate the information collected to date.
1-X-4-[4´-(–OCH3)-Styryl] pyridinium iodides, potent inhibitors for stainless steel corrosion in 2 M HCl acid solutions

Different techniques such as hydrogen evolution, weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarization measurement technique were used to determine the corrosion inhibition potential of 1-X-4-[4 ́-(–OCH3)-styryl] pyridinium iodides (X = CH3, C2H5, and C3H7) for stainless steel in 2 M HCl acid solution. The results from hydrogen evolution and weight loss techniques revealed that the inhibitors exhibited high inhibitory potential against corrosion of stainless steel in 2 M HCl, with inhibition efficiency increasing with inhibitor concentration. The anticorrosion performance of the compounds follows the order: III-C3H7 > II-C2H5 > I-CH3. Potentiodynamic polarization results revealed that the compounds played the role of mixed-type inhibitors, and the inhibitors molecules adsorbed on the surface of stainless steel according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Furthermore, the inhibitors showed good performance at all temperatures (30–60°C) studied and maintained protective ability at maximum temperature. On the basis of thermodynamic parameters, comprehensive adsorption (physisorption and chemisorption) for the studied inhibitors on stainless steel surface was suggested. SEM and EDX analysis confirmed the evidence of the formation of the adsorbed layer of inhibitor on the metal surface. A quantum chemical approach was adopted to predict the correlation between corrosion inhibition performance and molecular structure electronically. The data showed that the inhibition efficiency of the studied inhibitors increases with increasing immersion time (5, 30, 60 and 90 min) in the tested solution and this result implied that the studied inhibitors have a long-term effect as potent inhibitors.
Estimation of Canopy Gap Fraction from Terrestrial Laser Scanner Using an Angular Grid to Take Advantage of the Full Data Spatial Resolution

This paper develops an algorithm to estimate vegetation canopy gap fraction (GF), taking advantage of the full Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) resolution. After calculating the TLS angular resolution, the algorithm identifies the missing laser hits (gaps) within an angular grid in the azimuthal and zenithal directions. The algorithm was first tested on angular data simulations with random (R), cluster (C) and random and cluster together (RC) gap pattern distributions. Noise introduced in the simulations as a percentage of the resolution accounted for the effect of TLS angular uncertainty. The algorithm performs accurately if angular noise is <6% of the angular resolution. To assess the impact of the change in projection, this study compared these GF estimates from angular grid simulations to their transformation into simulated hemispherical images (SHI). SHI with C patterns perform accurately, but R and RC patterns underestimate GF, especially for GF values below 0.6. The SHI performance to estimate GF was always far below the algorithm developed here with the angular grid simulations. When applied to actual TLS data acquired over individual Quercus ilex L. trees, the algorithm rendered a GF between 0.26 and 0.40. TLS had an angular noise <6%. Converting the angular grid into simulated HI (TLS-SHI) provided a better agreement with actual HI acquired in the same location as the TLS data, since they are in the same projection. The TLS-SHI underestimated GF by an average of 4% compared to HI. HI and TLS-SHI presented 14% and 17% lower values than the GF calculated from the angular grids, respectively. Nevertheless, the results from the simulations indicate that the algorithm based on the angular grid should be closer to the actual GF of the tree canopy.
A new nothogenus and nothospecies in the Oncidiinae (Orchidaceae) from Quintana Roo, Mexico

We propose the new nothogenus, ×Cohnlophiaris Cetzal & Balam (Cohniella×Lophiaris) based on a natural intergeneric hybrid, ×Cohnlophiaris quintanarooensis Cetzal & Carnevali (Cohniella ascendens×Lophiaris oerstedii) from a locality in Quintana Roo, Mexico, which is here described and illustrated. The new nothospecies is vegetatively similar to C. ascendens but the flowers show intermediate characters between the putative parents. ×Cohnlophiaris quintanarooensis is similar to C. ascendens by having yellow petals and sepals with brown or reddish spots, transversely subquadrate central lobe, central keel parallel to the proximal and distal teeth, and pollinarium of Cohniella type. On the other hand, is it similar to L. oerstedii in the papillose abaxial surface of petals and sepals, the oblong lateral lobes of the labellum, the subquadrate column base, the pentagonal cavity stigmatic and the pink clinandrium. A key to diagnose the new intergeneric hybrid and its putative parents, a comparative figure and a map showing their geographical distribution are provided.
The fate and behaviour of imbibed water in the rumen of cattle

SUMMARY The quantity of imbibed water that bypassed the rumen directly or rapidly effluxed from the rumen was investigated in four steers offered water marked with CrEDTA. Water was offered for short periods designed to simulate the drinking patterns that occur under extensive grazing conditions. Animals were fed either low quality pangola hay in the long form or a concentrate diet. Bypass of imbibed water was calculated by difference from marker imbibed and that present in the rumen on emptying after water had been imbibed. It thus represents the passage of marked water directly to the omasum/abomasum and that which rapidly effluxed from the rumen before emptying. Bypass of imbibed marked water was 19·0 and 25·3% for animals consuming pangola and concentrate respectively (significantly different from zero but no significant diet effect). Imbibed water entering the rumen mixed rapidly so that liquid from a posterior site in the rumen had a similar concentration of Cr to that from an anterior site in the proximity of the reticulum and cranial sac by about 1 h after drinking. There was no effect of rumen sampling site on the fractional outflow rate of CrEDTA (from imbibed marked water) from the rumen. It was concluded that most water which is drunk after a period of water deprivation will enter the rumen, mix rapidly and have a fractional outflow rate similar to other fluid in the rumen. The values derived may be used to calculate the amounts of supplement needed in drinking water if the target site is the rumen or intestines of cattle with intermittent access to water under extensive grazing conditions.
Shaping of Planetary Nebulae by Exoplanets

(1) Background: We investigate the hypothesis that exoplanet engulfment can help explain the observed non-spherical planetary nebula population, as a complementary shaping mechanism to the binary hypothesis. The aim is to investigate the extent to which massive planets can explain the population of non-spherical planetary nebulae; (2) Methods: This research utilises a new tool to calculate the planet-fraction of planetary nebulae progenitor stars called simsplash; (3) Results: we conclude that ∼15–30% of non-spherical planetary nebulae around single stars will have a history in which they engulfed a massive planet on the AGB; and (4) Conclusions: Engulfment of massive exoplanets may contribute significantly to the formation of non-spherical planetary nebulae around single stars, yet appears to be insufficient to explain them all.
A V-Band CMOS Low-DC-Power Wide-Locking-Range Divide-by-6 Injection-Locked Frequency Divider Using Transformer Coupling

A <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band low-dc-power wide-locking-range divide-by-6 injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD) using a 90-nm CMOS process is proposed in this letter. The proposed innovative topology is composed of current-reused oscillation cores with transformer coupling. Moreover, the dc bias of the injectors can be properly applied to widen the locking range (LR). With a core dc power of 5.6 mW and an input power of −5 dBm, the measured maximum locking is 5.6 GHz (9.8%) from 54.5 to 60.1 GHz. When compared to the previously reported <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band ILFDs, this work features a high division ratio, low dc power, wide LR, and good sensitivity.
ITS sequence variation and concerted evolution in the natural hybrid species Malus toringoides

The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) is one of the most used molecular characters in plant systematics. Our previous studies based on morphological analysis and ITS sequence variation suggested that Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes is derived from hybridization between M. transitoria (Batal.) Schneid. and M. kansuensis (Batal.) Schneid. To further understand the variation pattern of ITS sequences in M. toringoides, and to elucidate the evolutionary processes that affect ITS sequence variation after hybridization, we sampled 99 accessions from multiple populations of the hybrid and parental species, and then obtained totally 254 ITS sequences by cloning and sequencing. Our ITS variation data demonstrates three outcomes of ITS repeats after hybrid speciation. ~ 27–41% of M. toringoides have only M. transitoria type ITS sequence, ~ 40–70% have M. transitoria type ITS sequence plus one or two chimeric ITS sequences generated by recombination between parental ITS sequences, and six accessions retain both parental type ITS sequences. The plausible evolutionary processes that created the observed ITS variations were inferred to be the joint actions of recombination, concerted evolution, pseudogenization and backcrossing. Our study provides further understandings of the variation model of ITS repeats after hybridization as well as the evolution of M. toringoides after its hybrid speciation.
A (1→6)‐linked β‐mannopyrananan, pseudonigeran, and a (1→4)‐linked β‐xylan, isolated from the lichenised basidiomycete Dictyonema glabratum

Abstract Extraction of Dictyonema glabratum with hot 2% (w/v) aqueous KOH at 100°C, followed by neutralisation and freeze-thawing, gave an insoluble glucan. The residue was further extracted by a similar process, but with hot 10% (w/v) aqueous KOH, furnishing a mixture of glucan, mannan and xylan. The mannan and xylan were obtained via precipitation of its copper complex with Fehling’s solution, leaving the glucan in the supernatant. The insoluble complex was finally purified through gel permeation chromatography. Methylation analysis, one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance examination showed the polysaccharides to be a (1→3)-linked α-glucan (pseudonigeran) and a (1→4)-linked β-xylan, both not previously encountered in lichens, and a newly discovered (1→6)-linked β-mannan.
Species composition and environmental factors, including human impacts, on coastal sand-dunes and maritime strand-forests in Southern Thailand

The relationship between species composition and environmental factors, including human activities, such as beach cleaning, mowing and trampling, in Southern Thailand’s maritime strand forests and sand dunes, -, was studied in order to assist in the development of a plan for the conservation of coastal plant species. Species composition at the study sites was studied using the phytosociological method (full-floristic inventory and total cover estimate of each species in quadrats). Quadrats are homogeneous representative samples of vegetation, varying from 9 to 100m2. The following environmental data were collected at the site: width of sand dune, beach type, beach management type (beach cleaning), seawater salinity, slope, aspect, micro-topography and the amount of discarded garbage. Based on these data, two results were found: 1. The species composition of the sites was shown to be similar by the Bray-Curtis method, based on phytosociological releve samplings; and 2. The main factors determining species composition were wind speed, rainfall, soil texture, salinity and especially beach management practices, based on the CCA method. Most of the general coastal species use thalassochory (seed dispersal by sea currents) and are distributed from tropical to subtropical regions, including the Okinawa Islands of Japan. The diversity of coastal plants was sustained by beach management practices on abandoned beaches, such as garbage cleaning and mowing. There were many shrubs (microphanerophytes) and sub-canopy trees (mesophytes) as a result of burning and cutting. Regeneration of maritime strand-forest species could be seen in open areas that resulted from burning and cutting. The spectra of life forms (dormancy types) varied from site to site, due to varying environmental conditions and human activities.
The growth of the freshwater crayfish A ustropotamobius pallipes in Northumbria

SUMMARY. Growth increments, moult frequency and growth rates of individuals in a population of the freshwater crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes were followed for a period of 3 years during a mark-recapture study. There was an inverse relationship between body size and the growth increment relative to body size. The absolute increment increased from the juvenile to the young adult stage and thereafter declined with increasing body size. Differences between the adult male, reproductive female, non-reproductive female and juvenile subpopulations in the size of growth increments are reported and growth increments during the two major moult periods of each year are compared. The effect of the endoparasite Thelohania contejeani and of chela regeneration was to reduce slightly the growth increments. Instantaneous growth rates declined throughout life in both sexes, but adult males maintained higher growth rates than adult females, particularly in the largest size class studied. The effect of reproduction on growth appeared to be most severe in the smallest breeding females. Males maintained the tendency to moult twice annually to a larger size than females. A simplified construction of the relationship between size and age in the population is presented for each sex. The oldest animals were estimated to be at least 11 years old.
Resolving Peto’s paradox: Modeling the potential effects of size‐related metabolic changes, and of the evolution of immune policing and cancer suppression

The intrinsic risk of cancer increases with body size and longevity; however, big long‐lived species do not exhibit this increase, a contradiction named Peto's paradox. Five hypotheses potentially resolving this paradox were modeled using the multistage model of carcinogenesis. The five hypotheses were based on (1) intrinsic changes in metabolic rate with body size; adaptive increase in immune policing of (2) cancer cells or (3) cells with driver mutations; or adaptive increase in cancer suppression via (4) decreased somatic mutation rate, or (5) increased genetic control. Parameter changes needed to stabilize cancer risk in three types of cancer were estimated for tissues scaled from mouse size and longevity to human and blue whale levels. The metabolic rate hypothesis alone was rejected due to a conflict between the required interspecific effect with the observed intraspecific effect of size on cancer risk, but some metabolic change was optionally incorporated in the other models. Necessary parameter changes in immune policing and somatic mutation rate far exceeded values observed; however, natural selection increasing the genetic suppression of cancer was generally consistent with data. Such adaptive increases in genetic control of cancers in large and/or long‐lived animals raise the possibility that nonmodel animals will reveal novel anticancer mechanisms.