Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magnetotelluric monitoring of hydraulic fracture stimulation at the Habanero Enhanced Geothermal System, Cooper Basin, South Australia

Magnetotelluric (MT) data were collected across the Habanero Enhanced Geothermal System project in the Cooper Basin, South Australia. A baseline regional MT survey consisting of two profiles was collected to delineate the pre-injection resistivity structure. Two dimensional inversions of the MT data reveal three main resistivity structures to a depth of 5 km. The low resistivity surface layer (about 1.5 km thick) is interpreted as poorly consolidated sediments of Lake Eyre and Eromanga Basins. Below the conductive layer, a zone with relatively high resistivity with thickness of 2 km can be correlated to consolidated Cooper Basin sediments. A high resistivity zone below depths of 3.5 km is interpreted as the hot intrusive granodiorite (granite) of the Big Lake Suite with low porosity and permeability. This deep structure is also related to the Habanero EGS reservoir. The second MT survey was conducted during stimulation of Habanero-4 well by Geodynamics Ltd, where 36.5 ML of water with a resistivity of 13 Dm (at 25°C) was injected at a relatively continuous rate of between 27-53 L/s over 14 days at a depth of almost 4 km. Analysis of pre- and post-injection residual phase tensors for periods greater than 10 s indicate conductive fractures oriented in a N/NNE direction. Apparent resistivity maps also revealed that injected fluids possibly propagated towards N/NNE direction. This result is in agreement with the micro-seismic events with an area of 4 km observed during fluid injection, as well as orientation of pre-existing N-S striking sub-horizontal fractures susceptible to slip due to stimulation. The MT responses close to injection show on average 5% decrease in apparent resistivity at periods greater than 10 s. The main reasons for observing subtle changes in resistivity at Habanero EGS is the screening effect of the conductive thick sedimentary cover (about 3.6 km thick) and the presence of preexisting saline fluids with resistivity of 0.1 Dm (equivalent to salinity of 16.1 g/L at 240°C) in the natural fractures. Overall, the MT monitoring at Habanero EGS highlights the need for favourable geological settings to measure significant changes in resistivity in EGS reservoirs.
Necessity of Acknowledging Background Pollutants in Management and Assessment of Unique Basins

The limitations of water quality management and assessment methods in China can be ascertained by comparison with other countries. However, it is unreasonable to use a uniform standard to evaluate water quality throughout China because one standard cannot fully account for the regional differences in background water quality. This study aimed to provide a basis for environmental water management decision-making. Areas seriously affected by background pollutants were identified by comparing several factors across 31 provinces in China. By coupling an improved export coefficient model (ECM) with a mechanistic model, a suitable pollutant yield coefficient was determined and its rationality was analysed. The export coefficient model was applied to estimate the pollutant (chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen) output of the basin in 2015. The spatial distribution characteristics of the pollutants were determined by simulating the pollutant outputs of 22 sub-basins and nine water function zones. For the year 2020, the simulation results of pollutant outputs far exceed the sewage discharge limit in water function zones and the pollutant concentration was much higher than the standard. Considering background pollutant outputs, more reasonable sewage discharge limit and water quality evaluation method are proposed.
Mid‐Holocene, Coral‐Based Sea Surface Temperatures in the Western Tropical Atlantic

The Holocene is considered a period of relative climatic stability, but significant proxy data‐model discrepancies exist that preclude consensus regarding the postglacial global temperature trajectory. In particular, a mid‐Holocene Climatic Optimum, ~9,000 to ~5,000 years BP, is evident in Northern Hemisphere marine sediment records, but its absence from model simulations raises key questions about the ability of the models to accurately simulate climate and seasonal biases that may be present in the proxy records. Here we present new mid‐Holocene sea surface temperature (SST) data from the western tropical Atlantic, where twentieth‐century temperature variability and amplitude of warming track the twentieth‐century global ocean. Using a new coral thermometer Sr‐U, we first developed a temporal Sr‐U SST calibration from three modern Atlantic corals and validated the calibration against Sr‐U time series from a fourth modern coral. Two fossil corals from the Enriquillo Valley, Dominican Republic, were screened for diagenesis, U‐series dated to 5,199 ± 26 and 6,427 ± 81 years BP, respectively, and analyzed for Sr/Ca and U/Ca, generating two annually resolved Sr‐U SST records, 27 and 17 years long, respectively. Average SSTs from both corals were significantly cooler than in early instrumental (1870–1920) and late instrumental (1965–2016) periods at this site, by ~0.5 and ~0.75 °C, respectively, a result inconsistent with the extended mid‐Holocene warm period inferred from sediment records. A more complete sampling of Atlantic Holocene corals can resolve this issue with confidence and address questions related to multidecadal and longer‐term variability in Holocene Atlantic climate.
Lack of Association Between TNF α -308 Polymorphism and End Stage Renal Disease in North Indian Population

Abstract Cytokines, play a critical role in the pathophysiology of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Tumor necrosis factor, TNF-α, is a multifunctional cytokine implicated in modulating the progression of ESRD. The promoter of TNF-α gene has many biallelic variations but the one at -308 (G-308 A) relative to transcription start site has extensively been studied and reported to have implications in acute and chronic rejection after renal transplant, the best renal replacement therapy available to ESRD patients. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the role of a single nucleotide polymorphism at -308 site in the promoter of TNF-α gene in ESRD in North Indian population. Samples from 111 diabetic nephropathy patients with ESRD and 164 random controls were genotyped using amplification refractory mutation system analysis for this polymorphism. The two groups revealed no significant differences with respect to the distribution of-308 polymorphic genotypes or allele frequencies. The data strongly suggest a lack of association between TNF-α-308 polymorphism and ESRD in the North Indian population and lend support to the argument that the association of A allele (high TNF-α producer) with transplant rejection may reside with the involvement of this allele in the process of rejection.
Stabilization techniques for finite element analysis of convection-diffusion problems

The accurate solution of convection type problems on practical grids has been ever a challenging issue, and invariably some sort of stabilization is needed in order to get a physical solution. This has pushed researchers to develop various stabilization algorithms used in every day practice by numerical analysts. In this chapter some methods are presented along with a new finite increment calculus approach to obtain the different algorithms using higher order conservation equations.
The Changing Role of Phonology in Reading Development

Processing of both a word’s orthography (its printed form) and phonology (its associated speech sounds) are critical for lexical identification during reading, both in beginning and skilled readers. Theories of learning to read typically posit a developmental change, from early readers’ reliance on phonology to more skilled readers’ development of direct orthographic-semantic links. Specifically, in becoming a skilled reader, the extent to which an individual processes phonology during lexical identification is thought to decrease. Recent data from eye movement research suggests, however, that the developmental change in phonological processing is somewhat more nuanced than this. Such studies show that phonology influences lexical identification in beginning and skilled readers in both typically and atypically developing populations. These data indicate, therefore, that the developmental change might better be characterised as a transition from overt decoding to abstract, covert recoding. We do not stop processing phonology as we become more skilled at reading; rather, the nature of that processing changes.
Comparative Studies on Cooperative Stochastic Differential Game and Dynamic Sequential Game of Economic Maturity

In the paper, we are encouraged to investigate the effect of game structure imposed on the minimum-time needed to economic maturity in a dynamic macroeconomic model. Indeed, we have established a basic framework for the comparative study of the cooperative stochastic differential game and dynamic sequential game of economic maturity. Moreover, in a simple stochastic growth model, closed-form solution of the minimum-time needed to economic maturity has been derived with the explicit condition, under which it is confirmed that cooperation between the representative household and the self-interested politician will definitely lead us to much faster economic maturity than that of sequential action, supplied, too. Finally, our model supports the comparative study of the minimum-time needed to economic maturity under different political- institution constraints.
Do firms hedge in response to tax incentives? Evidence from Norway

This study presents two potential tax incentives for firms to hedge. Firstly firms can hedge in response to tax convexity in order to smooth company earnings. Secondly firms can use derivatives to decrease costs of financial distress and increase debt capacity, thus increasing tax shields of the firm. I empirically test whether Norwegian firms hedge in response to tax incentives arising from tax convexity. A logistic regression is used to compare hedging and no hedging Norwegian nonfinancial firms for the year of 2012 in relation to proxies for tax convexity. The results do not show a significant relationship between proxies for tax convexity and contradicts the theoretical basis for the main hypothesis. The results do not show proof of tax incentives to hedge through tax preference items, such as tax loss carryforwards. Hedging seems to be related to agency cost, profitability leverage and to a certain degree; firm size measured by total assets.
Analysis of the Marketing Behaviour of African Indigenous Leafy Vegetables among Smallholder Farmers in Nyamira County, Kenya.

The African Indigenous Leafy Vegetables (AILV) agricultural sub-sector in Kenya has in recent times gained considerable prominence and attention. A diverse number of studies have underpinned the role it can play in improving the economic standing of smallholders, while playing an imperative nutritional role in the diets of many consumers. Stemming from increased awareness on the rise of various lifestyle illnesses and crusaders championing for healthy eating habits, the demand of AILV, as healthier dietary alternatives, has been gradually on the rise. However, the socioeconomic and institutional factors that influence market participation and the effect of choice of market packages on AILV income are still not clear. Therefore, the main objectives of the study were: to characterize the socio-economic attributes of AILV farmers; to determine factors influencing households’ market participation behaviour; and to identify the combination of market outlets that deliver the highest payoffs (income) to farmers. The study was based on data collected from a sample of 254 households drawn from Nyamira North Sub-County in Nyamira County. A multistage sampling procedure was used to arrive at the sample, with semi structured questionnaires employed as the research instrument to collect qualitative and quantitative data through face to face interviews. The determinants of market participation behaviour among smallholders was estimated by an ordered probit model, while the combination of market outlets that delivered the highest payoffs (income) to farmers employed a multinomial endogenous switching regression. SPSS and STATA software were used for data analysis and management. Findings revealed that marketing experience, land ownership, households’ food self-sufficiency, contractual marketing, access to credit and extension services significantly influenced the regimes in which smallholders participated in markets. Further, using market packages that contained urban market outlets led to higher incomes among smallholders. It is not enough that farmers merely participated in markets, rather they should participate in markets profitably as net sellers. Identifying the specific challenges and requirements that are unique for each market regime (net sellers, autarkic and net buyers) through proper targeting and screening of farmers is necessary. Here, equipping extension workers with the ability to address the specific needs of each group is recommended. Urban markets, in isolation as well as in market packages, were clearly shown to offer higher incomes in actual and counterfactual scenarios. Improving the condition of roads linking urban markets to producers could potentially reduce transportation costs of accessing such urban markets. This could go on to encourage the use of urban markets among farmers, who stand to gain better income and gradually fish themselves out of poverty traps.
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Collard Landraces and their Relationship to Other Brassica oleracea Crops

Landraces have the potential to provide a reservoir of genetic diversity for crop improvement to combat the genetic erosion of the food supply. A landrace collection of the vitamin‐rich specialty crop collard (Brassica oleracea L. var. viridis) was genetically characterized to assess its potential for improving the diverse crop varieties of B. oleracea. We used the Illumina 60K Brassica SNP BeadChip array with 52,157 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to (i) clarify the relationship of collard to the most economically important B. oleracea crop types, (ii) evaluate genetic diversity and population structure of 75 collard landraces, and (iii) assess the potential of the collection for genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) through characterization of genomic patterns of linkage disequilibrium. Confirming the collection as a valuable genetic resource, the collard landraces had twice the polymorphic markers (11,322 SNPs) and 10 times the variety‐specific alleles (521 alleles) of the remaining crop types examined in this study. On average, linkage disequilibrium decayed to background levels within 600 kilobase (kb), allowing for sufficient coverage of the genome for GWAS using the physical positions of the 8273 SNPs polymorphic among the landraces. Although other relationships varied, the previous placement of collard with the cabbage family was confirmed through phylogenetic analysis and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA).
Induced defense response in small cardamom plants by Bacillus subtilis strain Bs against capsule rot pathogen, Phytophthora meadii

The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which Bacillus strains confer plant protection. Bacillus subtilis strain Bs was identified as potential bacterial antagonist against cardamom capsule rot pathogen, Phytophthora meadii. This strain was tested for its ability to induce defense related enzymes viz., peroxidase (PO), polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and total phenols against P. meadii in cardamom plants. Cardamom plants treated with bacterial antagonist and challenge inoculated with P. meadii showed higher levels of defense related enzymes and phenols compared to antagonist alone, pathogen alone and untreated plants. B. subtilis strain Bs induced higher activities of total phenols (182 μg g-1 of tissue), PO (2.81 change in OD min-1 g-1 of tissue) and PPO activity (1.01 change in OD min-1 g-1) in cardamom plants treated with P. meadii. The present study clearly indicated that the bacterial antagonist B. subtilis has the ability to induce defense related enzymes in cardamom plants against P. meadii.
Fourth post-Newtonian effective one-body dynamics

The conservative dynamics of gravitationally interacting two-point-mass systems has been recently determined at the fourth post-Newtonian (4PN) approximation [T.Damour, P.Jaranowski, and G.Sch\"afer, Phys. Rev. D 89, 064058 (2014)], and found to be nonlocal in time. We show how to transcribe this dynamics within the effective one-body (EOB) formalism. To achieve this EOB transcription, we develop a new strategy involving the (infinite-)order-reduction of a nonlocal dynamics to an ordinary action-angle Hamiltonian. Our final, equivalent EOB dynamics comprises two (local) radial potentials, $A(r)$ and $\bar{D}(r)$, and a nongeodesic mass-shell contribution $Q(r,p_r)$ given by an infinite series of even powers of the radial momentum $p_r$. Using an effective action technique, we complete our 4PN-level results by deriving two different, higher-order conservative contributions linked to tail-transported hereditary effects: the 5PN-level EOB logarithmic terms, as well as the 5.5PN-level, half-integral terms. We compare our improved analytical knowledge to previous, numerical gravitational-self-force computation of precession effects.
Effects of Hemodialysis, Hemofütration and Plasmapheresis on B2-MicrogIobulin in Patients With Chronic Renal Failure and Renal Transplant Recipients

P2 -Microglobulin if (32 -M) is one of the major components of a new form af amyloid deposit found in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and arthropathy of longterm hemodialysis patient. We studied serum P2M levels in 31 patients who were dialysed with cuprophane dialyser (n:21) and he-mofdtration (n:10). We also measured serum f3? -M concentra­ tions before and after plasmapheresis in 12 transplanted patients during rejection episodes. We observed that serum P2 -M levels decreased during all of these procedures. Tliere are little differences in respect to serum B2 -M levels between HD and HF. But, plasmapheresis is more capable of lowering of serum P2 -M levels than HD and HF.
Pseudo Market Timing and the Long-Run Underperformance of IPOs

Numerous studies document long-run underperformance by firms following equity offerings. This paper shows that underperformance is very likely to be observed "ex-post" in an efficient market. The premise is that more firms issue equity at higher stock prices even though they cannot predict future returns. "Ex-post", issuers seem to time the market because offerings cluster at market peaks. Simulations based on 1973 through 1997 data reveal that when "ex-ante" expected abnormal returns are zero, median "ex-post" underperformance for equity issuers will be significantly negative in event-time. Using calendar-time returns solves the problem. Copyright (c) 2003 by the American Finance Association.
Development, characterization and application of novel expressed sequence tag- simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers in radish ( Raphanus sativus L.)

In this study, 51,625 unique expressed sequence tag (ESTs) from a total of 289,621 radish ESTs in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database were used to search for simple sequence repeat (SSRs) by SSRLocate, and 2,917 SSRs in 2,891 ESTs were identified. The SSR marker motifs contained di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexa- nucleotide repeats, and the number was 945 (32.40%), 1,300 (44.57%), 179 (6.14%), 262 (8.98%) and 231 (7.92%), respectively. The motifs AG/CT (16.15%) and GA/TC (13.58%) were the most abundant type. Among 20 amino acids encoded by trinucleotide, Ser (16.17%) was the most common transcript, followed by Leu (13.00%) and Glu (9.90%). A total of 1,082 EST-SSR primers in Raphanus sativus were designed and synthesized, and 864 (79.85%) EST-SSRs were successfully amplified. Polymorphism of these loci was evaluated in a panel of 48 genotypes in Raphanus. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values of those primers varied from 0.33 to 0.84, with a mean value of 0.58. Moreover, it was found that 25 out of 53 EST-SSR primers could be successfully amplified in Brassica species. For its polymorphism, reproducibility and functionality, these novel EST-SSR markers could be used as a powerful tool for marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genetic mapping in radish. Keywords : Raphanus sativus L. , expressed sequence tag (EST), simple sequence repeat (SSR), genetic diversity, polymorphism information content African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(9), pp. 921-935
A comparison of the KPI forecast management model of Japanese companies and the Beyond Budgeting Model

Beyond Budgeting was introduced by Hope and Fraser in 2003 (Hope and Fraser, 2003ab). The Beyond Budgeting Model (BBM) is not a conventional single tool, but a thinking model including the Balanced Scorecard, Activity-based costing, Rolling Forecasts, and the relative improvement contract. It is also a change management model to make an adaptive organization in which front-line employees are empowered to cope with today’s turbulent management environment. Over ten years have passed since BBM was proposed but few Japanese companies have wholly introduced it. Only DISCO Corporation has abolished all use of a budget as far as I know (Shimizu, 2013). On the other hand, Shimizu (2013) shows that some Japanese companies use the KPI Forecast Management Model to achieve the goal of BBM without eliminating a budget itself or functions of budgeting. A typical example is Kyocera Corporation. This paper shows that some Japanese companies largely achieve the goal of BBM without wholly stopping budgeting through comparison of the features of BBM and the Kyocera Management Model. This is important because although budgeting is a useful tool and most companies cannot manA comparison of the KPI forecast management model of Japanese companies and the Beyond Budgeting Model
Fabrication and Assessment of ZnO Modified Polyethersulfone Membranes for Fouling Reduction of Bovine Serum Albumin

ZnO/PES composite membranes were fabricated by phase inversion method using DMAc as a solvent. The structure of ZnO was investigated using TEM, SEM, XRD, and TGA. TEM images of ZnO nanoparticles were well-defined, small, and spherically shaped with agglomerated nanoparticles particles of 50 nm. The SEM and XRD results were an indication that ZnO nanoparticles were present in the prepared ZnO/PES composites membranes. Contact angle measurements were used to investigate surface structures of the composite membranes. The amount of ZnO nanoparticles on PES membranes was varied to obtain the optimal performance of the composite membranes in terms of pure water flux, flux recovery, and fouling resistance using the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model organic foulant. The results showed that addition of ZnO to PES membranes improved the hydrophilicity, permeation, and fouling resistance properties of the membranes. Pure water flux increased from a low of 250 L/m2h for the neat membrane to a high of 410 L/m2h for the composite membranes. A high flux recovery of 80–94% was obtained for the composite membranes. The optimal performance of the composite membranes was obtained at 1.5 wt% of ZnO.