Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Commentary on "Economic projections and rules of thumb for monetary policy"

One of the themes of Bill’s work was the importance of uncertainty for monetary policy. One dimension of uncertainty involves our uncertainty regarding the nature of the macroeconomic model that governs the economy. In Poole (1971), Bill investigated the performance of simple “rules of thumb” for setting the federal funds rate. He argued that these simple rules appeared to be “robust” across various model specifications. This line of research has become increasingly active and has some important things to say about the conduct of monetary policy. I find the analysis of simple rules intriguing for a couple of reasons. First and foremost, they are rules. Second, in a framework where policy is decided by committee, simple rules that are robust across models provide a valuable focal point for discussion among people with different world views. Bill’s primary concern dealt with uncertainty in a given model, but he also discussed how optimal policy would vary when model parameters changed. Thus, his concern reflected a desire to analyze optimal policy under model uncertainty. As I indicated, this area of research has seen a resurgence in recent years, with various methodologies ranging from robust control to Bayesian model averaging being employed to analyze optimal policy under uncertainty. Perhaps even more interesting is the research that considers the robustness of simple rules across models that are non-nested and thus potentially very different.1 I t is indeed a pleasure to have the opportunity to be here today at the Thirty-Second Annual Economic Policy Conference of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. It is a conference I have attended a dozen times or more in various roles. In each and every case, it has proven to be a timely and thoughtful interchange among academic economists and policymakers. I am particularly pleased to be participating this year, since this is the last of these conferences that will be held during Bill Poole’s tenure as president of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. I have had the privilege of knowing Bill for at least 25 years, perhaps more. I am sure that many of you in the room can also make similar claims. Over the years I have learned a great deal from Bill. His seminal contributions in the area of monetary theory and policy are widespread and span four decades. Whether it be his contributions on monetary policy under uncertainty, his early investigations of simple rules for setting the federal funds rate, or his analysis of rational expectations models of the term structure for monetary policy, his theoretical contributions provided fundamental insights and played an important role in developing what we now view as the core of modern monetary theory. He has continued his contributions to monetary policy as a member of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), bringing the same sound, thoughtful, and consistent economic analysis to policy deliberations. 1 McCallum (1988) was one of the first to investigate the robustness properties of simple rules.
Suitability of LiDAR point density and derived landform curvature maps for channel network extraction

This study uses landform curvature as an approach for channel network extraction. We considered a study area located in the eastern Italian Alps where a high‐quality set of LiDAR data was available and where channel heads and related channel network were mapped in the field. In the analysis, we derived 1‐m DTMs from different ground LiDAR point densities, and we used different smoothing factors for the landscape curvature calculation in order to test the suitability of the LiDAR point density and the derived curvature maps for the recognition of channel network. This methodology is based on threshold values of the curvature calculated as multiples (1–3 times) of the standard deviation of the curvature. Our analyses suggested that (i) the window size for curvature calculations has to be a function of the size of the features to be detected, (ii) a coarse ground LiDAR point density could be as useful as a finer one for the recognition of main channel network features and (iii) rougher curvature maps are not optimal as they do not explore a sufficient range at which features occur, while smoother curvature maps overcome this problem and are more appropriate for the extraction of surveyed channels. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
JAPAN / EAST SEA WATER MASSES AND THEIR RELATION TO THE SEA ’ S CIRCULATION

A N D R E Y Y. S H C H E R B I N A , PA V E L Y. T I S H C H E N K O , A N D I G O R Z H A B I N Th is aticle as been pulished in O ceagraphy, Vlum e 9, N um er 3, a qurterly jornal of Th e O ceagraphy Soiety. Coyright 2006 by Th e O ceagraphy Soiety. A ll rhts rerved. Perm ision is gnted to cpy his aticle or se in teching nd rearch. Replication, sstem m tic repruction, or coective redirbution of ny prtion of his aticle by phocopy m acine, repsting, or oher m eans is perm ited only w ith he aproval of Th e O ceagraphy Soiety. Send ll corrondence o: ifo@ tos.org or Th
A topological metal at the surface of an ultrathin BiSb alloy film

Received 28 January 2010; revised manuscript received 25 March 2010; published 15 April 2010 We have studied the growth and electronic/transport properties of ultrathin Bi1�xSbx alloy films, which the bulk is reported to be a topological insulator for 0.07 x 0.22. We found that single crystal epitaxial films as thin as 30 A could be grown on silicon for 0 x 0.32. The Z2 topological number of the films was shown to be nontrivial from the surface Fermi surface. Moreover a crossover from an insulating to a metallic behavior was observed upon reducing the film thickness, revealing the clear detection of the topological-metal conductivity. Our results settle the controversial issues concerning the metallicity of Bi1�xSbx at low temperature and verify that the surface/volume ratio must be extensively enhanced to properly understand the nature of these surface states.
CHEMISTRY 2.0: BUILDING AND DISSEMINATING CHEMISTRY THROUGH STUDENTSGENERATED WEB 2.0 CONTENT

This paper analyses a project to enhance and develop Chemistry communication skills. A design-based research focused on 32 pre-university students, organized in three rounds, that developed resources using digital tools for different audience targets. Contrarily to initial assumptions, the subjects did not show signs of “chemophobia” or digital expertise. Random groups, cadavres exquis and group discussions helped to identify and to build more relevant, grounded and complex social contexts. When subjects have positive feelings about Chemistry and are not aware of the possible negative meanings of the Chemistry lexicon in society, it is necessary to stimulate a cognitive reframe and attitudinal awareness so that they can communicate Chemistry. Implications include the acknowledgment of the relevance of summer school projects that address socioscientific issues to bridge conceptual knowledge and contextual significance.
Coda: A Change Impact Analysis Tool for Scala

KeyLocker, a start-up developing cryptographic products that put the control of encryption keys into the hands of the end-users, has requested a review of their own software development process. During their first year of existence, the company experienced problems in following software development methodologies, sharing knowledge effectively between employees, and with testing the software being developed. Being a start-up where its employees are always busy, the company requested outside assistance in analyzing their own processes. Consequently, two students, who previously worked part-time at the company, were tasked with researching the development practices at KeyLocker, identifying problem areas. Subsequently, the students were charged with developing a software application that could assist in the development process, remedying some of the highlighted problems. Two problem areas of knowledge sharing and test maintenance were selected and research was conducted in the field of Change Impact Analysis - the identification of potential consequences of a change to components in software. A tool was designed that could perform an analysis of the source code projects at the company. As Scala was the chief programming language used at the company, the application needed to be able to parse Scala source code and interpret changes to this source code. Then, the application needed to be able to analyze the code for potential consequences of those changes. Needless to say, developing such an application required an in depth knowledge of the Scala programming language. The three main goals of designing such an application were utility, usability, and maintainability. In short, the software needed to solve the problems experienced at KeyLocker effectively, in a user-friendly manner, and be easy to maintain in the future. Over the course of sixteen weeks, the application has been developed with exactly these three goals in mind. During the completion phase of the project the application has been tested by the development team at KeyLocker, receiving a positive response. Nevertheless, there is room for improvement and some recommendations are provided for future work.
A Heuristic Bayesian Regression Approach for Causal Explanatory Study: Exemplified by an IS Impact Study

Causal explanatory study is a very important research method in empirical research whereof research models are frequently validated by multiple linear regressions (MLR) with significant factors sought. An alternative to MLR is Bayesian regressions where statistical inferences are made with samples drawn from posterior distributions. Efficient simulation algorithms of the Markov chain Monte Carlo type have made Bayesian regressions practical. We propose a heuristic method based on the outputs of MLR to construct informative priors for Bayesian regressions. Data collected from two empirical studies of information systems (IS) impact on performance is used to demonstrate the proposed method. Deviance information criterion shows that this heuristic procedure significantly improves a Bayesian modeling with uninformative priors. When credible intervals are used to locate significant factors, it is found that the heuristic Bayesian approach, capable of finding delicate drivers, can help design better diagnostics for IS problems.
Knowledge and Attitude of Population Towards Iodized Salt in Shendi Locality River Nile State in Sudan

Background: Iodine is observed as one of the most important trace elements in the human body, which is considered very essential during the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency in humans can cause several diseases or problems, which include spontaneous abortion, increased infant mortality, cretinism, goiter, and mental defects. Methods: The study was conducted as a community based descriptive crosssectional study to determine the knowledge and attitude of the population towards iodized salt in Shendi locality, River Nile State, Sudan, during the period of 2013. In this study, 636 households were included. Questionnaire and observations were used as tools for data collection. The households were selected through a multistage cluster-sampling technique, 636 respondents were selected through systemic random sampling. Results: The study found that the knowledge of the respondents about iodized salt was poor. Out of 636 subjects, 356 (56%) were aware of iodine as a nutritional element. 279 (43.9%) identified that iodine is a chemical element. More than half of the respondents, 355(55.8%), were aware of sources of iodine in foods. The data showed that 299 (47%) of the respondents were aware of the main type of food which contains iodine. 356(56%) were aware of the fact that iodine deficiency had significant influence on the body. In addition, study revealed that 261(41%) of participant were aware of iodized salt. Only 48% of the population knew that iodized salt is necessary to alleviate iodine deficiency disorder. Conclusion: Based on our findings, we conclude that the household has poor knowledge, negative attitude, and poor practice about iodized salt. Hence, health authority should have to develop health education programs to increase the awareness of households about the significance of iodized salt. Also, it involves a proper handling of a continual and effective use of media for broadcasting health education programs.
The Effect of Incidental Threat on Leadership Needs and Choices

THE EFFECT OF INCIDENTAL THREAT ON LEADERSHIP NEEDS AND CHOICES by Elizabeth R. Brown The current study examines how the need for affiliation/nurturance influences gendered leadership decisions depending on incidental threat. The influence of threat on the need for nurturance is examined in reference to 1) role congruity theory, which states the male gender role is more consistent with the leadership role than the female gender role (Eagly & Karau, 2002); 2) research demonstrating incidental threat benefits female leaders (Brown & Diekman, 2008). Experiment 1 examined if threat increased nurturance/affiliative needs, causing relative benefits for female leaders. Experiment 2 manipulated the leader’s traits (agentic versus communal) to examine if communally-described leaders benefit under threat. The Experiment 1 subsample of participants who passed the manipulation check revealed increased affiliation in the threat relative to control condition. The results for Experiment 2 were not conclusive. Further research needs to examine why incidental threat benefits female leaders. THE INFLUENCE OF INCIDENTAL THREAT ON LEADERSHIP NEEDS AND CHOICES
Effects of fennel seed supplementation of ration on performance, egg quality, serum cholesterol, and total phenol content of egg yolk of laying quails

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of fennel seed (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) supplementation of ration on performance, egg quality, and serum cholesterol of laying quails during an eight-week period. For this purpose, 96 quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) of 16 weeks of age were evenly separated into one control group and three treatment groups. Each group was divided into four replicates, each containing six quail. The fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare) were added to the diets of [. ]
Development DKMQ Shell Element with Five Degrees of Freedom per Nodal

In this paper we develop element DKMQ five Degrees of Freedom (DOF) per nodal with curvilinear approach. The advantage of this element that it is not required fictitious rigidity and can be used to analyze thick and thin structural problem without shear locking. As numerical result, DKMQ five DOF are able to give good performance. 
On the fast quenching of young low-mass galaxies up to z ∼ 0.6: new spotlight on the lead role of environment

We investigate the connection between environment and the different quenching channels that galaxies are prone to follow in the rest-frame NUVrK colour diagram, as identified by Moutard et al. (2016b). Namely, the fast quenching channel followed by $young$ low-mass galaxies and the slow quenching channel followed by $old$ high-mass ones. We make use of the >22 deg$^2$ covered the VIPERS Multi-Lambda Survey (VIPERS-MLS) to select a galaxy sample complete down to stellar masses of $M_* > 10^{9.4} M_\odot$ at $z 10^{8.8} M_\odot$ at $z < 0.5$) and including 33,500 (43,000) quiescent galaxies properly selected at $0.2 < z < 0.65$, while being characterized by reliable photometric redshifts ($\sigma_{\delta z/(1+z)} \leq 0.04$) that we use to measure galaxy local densities. We find that (1) the quiescence of low-mass [$M_* \leq 10^{9.7} M_\odot$] galaxies requires a strong increase of the local density, which confirms the lead role played by environment in their fast quenching and, therefore, confirms that the low-mass upturn observed in the stellar mass function of quiescent galaxies is due to $environmental$ $quenching$. We also observe that (2) the reservoir of low-mass star-forming galaxies located in very dense regions (prone to environmental quenching) has grown between $z \sim 0.6$ and $ z \sim 0.4$ whilst the share of low-mass quiescent galaxies (expected to being environmentally quenched) may have simultaneously increased, which would plead for a rising importance of $environmental$ $quenching$ with cosmic time, compared to $mass$ $quenching$. We finally discuss the composite picture of such environmental quenching of low-mass galaxies and, in particular, how this picture may be consistent with a $delayed$-$then$-$rapid$ quenching scenario.
Life extension in protective coatings via self-healing technology

As the field of self-healing materials continues to grow, novel self-healing concepts and chemistries are being developed for a variety of applications including coatings. Self-healing functionality is typically considered for incorporation in coatings to solve two basic challenges including restoration of aesthetic properties and restoration of protective function. In this talk I will compare these challenges and discuss the capability of existing technologies to meet them. I will then discuss examples of the development and application of self-healing chemistries to protective coatings and the level of success achieved in autonomic repair of coatings that have been damaged via a variety of mechanisms. These examples will include a range of laboratory and commercial formulations evaluated with a target of real world deployment in the near future.
Cycles in the IPO Market

We develop a model in which time-varying real investment opportunities lead to time-varying adverse selection in the market for IPOs. The model is consistent with several stylized facts known about the IPO market: economic expansions are associated with a dramatic increase in the number of firms going public, which is in turn positively correlated with underpricing. Adverse selection is procyclical in the sense that dispersion in unobservable quality across firms should be more pronounced during booms. Taking the premise that uncertainty is resolved (and thus private information revealed) over time, we test this hypothesis by looking at long-run abnormal returns and delisting rates. Consistent with the model, we find (a) greater cross-sectional return variance, and (b) higher incidence of delisting for hot-market IPOs.
Evaluation of patch based image processing for image enhancement

— The objective of image enhancement is to process the image so that the result is more suitable to the for use of the image. Image enhancement is a field that is being used in different areas and discipline as well. Recent advances in the field of information technology and signal processing have invented new horizons to digital image processing, design and implementation of various new innovative approaches. This paper involves the use of patch based approach that may in capacity to behave as better approach. In proposed patch based approach we are classifying the patches basically corrupted patches into two or more than two groups based on their Euclidian distances which discovers the patches after applying different permutations to these corrupted patches. The resultant patches are now arranged so that we expect smooth image for applications. Patch based enhancement of image is an application of patch in the area of feature extraction for enhancement of a image. The images will be used for patch based and noisy patches will be rearranged and image will be enhanced in the features we desire
A characteristic set method for reflexive differential-difference polynomial systems

In this paper, a zero decomposition algorithm based on characteristic set methods are developed in reflexive difference and differential polynomial systems. The “generalized term order” is used to deal with negative exponents of difference operators in DD-polynomials and the reduction of two DD-polynomials is discussed. We introduce the concept of characteristic set in reflexive DD-polynomial systems and propose a algorithm which can be used to decompose the zero set of a finitely generated reflexive DD-polynomial set into the union of zero sets of coherent chains. Keywords-Characteristic set; Reflexive difference and differential polynomials; Generalized term order; Zero decomposition algorithm
The Analysis of University Students’ Views on Mentally Challenged People’s Participation to Sports Events

The aim of this study is to investigate university students’ attitudes towards mentally challenged individuals’participation to sports activities. To collect the data, ‘Attitude towards sports activities scale of individuals havingmental disabilities’ is used. Reliability of the scale, which has been developed by (İlhan et al., 2013) and consists of 28items, is 0.96. The options, respectively, follow as: I completely agree, I agree, I’m neutral, I disagree and I completelydisagree. The study group consists of 420 students who study at Bülent Ecevit University in 2016-2017 Spring Term,and is selected randomly. The result shows that there is no statistically significant difference in the attitude ratings ofmentally challenged individuals’ participation to sports activities related to age, sex, types of education, or if there isany disabled individual living in participants’ social environments. But, type of school is a significant variant. Theratings of attitude of the participants who selected the option, ‘other’ in their school type part in the tool are higher thanof the one ones who selected the options, ‘faculty’ or ‘vocational school’.
Explicit Competence, Implicit Competence, and Job Performance: The Analysis of Car Salespeople in Taiwan

Car salesmanship is challenging. Fresh college graduates are keen to take on this challenge because of the financial rewards. This paper explores the skillsets required for an auto salesperson to stand out from the crowd by conducting a questionnaire survey on the salespeople in Nissan, Toyota, Honda, Ford and Mitsubishi in Taiwan. A total of 223 effective questionnaires are included in the study. The demographic factors such as sex and age are controlled, as well as the tenure, annual revenue, education background, locations and job titles of the salespeople, so as to highlight the relationship between sales and explicit competences and between sales and implicit competences. The empirical findings suggest that (1) explicit competence: the stronger the product competence and interpersonal skills of salespeople, the better the sales. Sale competence and Job performance are not significantly correlated. (2) There is no significant correlation between implicit competences and sales generated. (3) The implicit competence of salespeople reinforces the positive effect of product knowledge, interpersonal skills and sales techniques on sales.