Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘I feel like we’re really behind the game’: perspectives of the United Kingdom’s intimate partner violence support sector on the rise of technology-facilitated abuse

Technology-facilitated abuse or ‘tech abuse’ in intimate partner violence (IPV) contexts describes the breadth of harms that can be enacted using digital systems and online tools. While the misappropriation of technologies in the context of IPV has been subject to prior research, a dedicated study on the United Kingdom’s IPV support sector has so far been missing. The present analysis summarises insights derived from semi-structured interviews with 34 UK voluntary and statutory sector representatives that were conducted over the course of two years (2018–2020). The analysis identifies four overarching themes that point out support services’ practices, concerns and challenges in relation to tech abuse, and specifically the Internet of Things (IoT). These themes include (a) technology-facilitated abuse, where interviewees outline their experiences and understanding of the concept of tech abuse; (b) IoT-enabled tech abuse, focusing on the changing dynamics of tech abuse due to the continuing rise of smart consumer products; (c) data, documentation and assessment, that directs our attention to the shortcomings of existing risk assessment and recording practices; and (d) training, support and assistance, in which participants point to the need for specialist support capabilities to be developed within and beyond existing services.Key messagesUK statutory and voluntary support services do not feel well equipped to respond to tech abuse.Shortcomings in documentation and assessment practices make it difficult to estimate the full scale and nature of tech abuse.Tech abuse training and other support mechanisms are needed to amplify the UK sector’s ability to assist IPV victims/survivors.
The Review of Studies on Formulas for Calculating Wave Breaking Height

Wave breaking is the most complex and intensified physical process in coastal zone. And as the maximum in this area, the breaking wave height has a major impact on ocean engineering and ship sailing. In this paper, the present calculation methods for breaking height are concluded and divided into two categories: one is directly computing models using deep wave elements; the other is indirectly calculation models based on the surf wave calculation model and the criterion of breaking.
Experimental Study of Half-Delta Wing Vortex Generator for Flow Separation Control

This paper describes an experimental study of the effects of passive half-delta wing vortex generators on a backward-facingramp flow.Fourmodelsofvortexgeneratorswithaspectratiosof0. 4,0.8,and1.6weretestedinan open-circuit wind tunnel. The vortex generators were placed upstream of the backward-facing ramp where their heights were 24 and 48% of the boundary-layer thickness. Flow visualization and velocity measurements were conducted using a particle image velocimetry system. The results showed that an array of vortex generators with an aspect ratio of 1.6 had the highest efficiency in reducing the flow separation region. Nomenclature c = vortex generator chord length c=h = vortex generator chord length to vortex generator height ratio d = vortex generator spacing from trailing edge to trailing edge d=h = vortex generator trailing-edge spacing to vortex generator height ratio h = vortex generator height h=� = vortex generator height to boundary-layer thickness ratio � = vortex generator angle of incidence � = boundary-layer thickness � = displacement thickness � = momentum thickness
A new power-factor-corrected single-transformer UPS design

Phenomenal growth in the personal computer (PC) market has fueled a corresponding growth in the need for uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs) to back up the utility and prevent loss of data. This paper presents a new off-line UPS design suitable for PC backup applications. It is based on a novel isolated AC/DC converter derived from the integration of a nonisolated buck-boost AC/DC converter with an isolated bidirectional dual active bridge DC/DC converter. The features of the design include input power-factor correction, a single high-frequency transformer for charging and backup, simple control, inherent current limiting, low switch voltage stresses, and zero-voltage switching of the switches over a wide operating range. The UPS output voltage is trapezoidal in shape and the transition slope can be set such that the output current crest factor is close to unity provided the values of the line filter capacitors of the PC are known.
Barriers to accessing social pensions in rural Nepal

Non-contributory social pensions effectively support older people securing a livelihood in countries of the Global South. However, access is difficult in remote rural areas (Handayani & Babajanian, 2012). This case study examines obstacles that beneficiaries from five Nepalese mountain villages encounter when accessing a social pension. A critical livelihoods perspective provides a suitable lens to grasp their experiences from an emic perspective. Based on qualitative in-depth interviews, participant observation, group discussions and expert interviews, the findings illustratively reveal that barriers involve poor health, illiteracy, lack of awareness, lack of familial support, poor infrastructure, recent changes in disbursement, and geographic remoteness. This article concludes that non-contributory social pensions have proven effective for supporting older people to maintain a livelihood. Hence, implementation and disbursement methods should be reconsidered because the access to the social pension turned out to remain difficult. Based on the findings, possible recommendations for improvement and implementation of social pensions for older people are made.
In search of Estonia’s earliest chicken

It has been hypothesised that the chicken ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) was introduced to the area of what is now modern­day Estonia around the Pre­Roman or Roman Iron Age. However, none of the earliest chicken bones found in the area had been radiocarbon dated and due to a complex contextual background, the question of its first appearance has been left open. With the aim of finding the earliest evidence for the chicken in Estonia, we looked into the zooarchaeological material from twelve archaeological sites, including burial grounds, settlement sites, and hillforts. The earliest evidence had been reported at four of these sites, but during the taxonomic reassessment, no chicken bones were identified. From the remaining eight sites, nine chicken bones were radiocarbon dated by AMS. The sample from a stone­cist grave at Rebala (northern Estonia) was dated to 200 calBCE – 5 calCE, which means that this individual is the earliest confirmed chicken in Estonia. The other dates range from the Pre­Viking Age to the Modern Period, with some of them illustrating the complicated nature of faunal remains in archaeological contexts. Although this study elucidates the first appearance of the chicken in Estonia and in the Baltic region in general, its origin, ways of exploitation, and the extent of its spreading remain to be studied.
The Indonesian Oil Palm Industry

This paper reviews the past development and prospects in the 2000s of Indonesian oil palm production, noting the rapid expansion of the sector up to the late 1990s and fast growth of private estates and smallholdings. It examines the organization, performance and constraints of chief sub-sectors, indicating relatively low costs of production on estates and even lower costs on smallholdings. It considers the nucleus estate and plasma smallholding development as unexpectedly successful, despite needs for further improvement. The paper views the main current constraints as scarce development capital, inefficient deployment of labour and other resources, poor technological levels, and problems over land acquisition and security. It nonetheless sees a slow improvement occurring, where this could be accelerated by government support with credit and extension, especially for smallholdings. Given such help, the industry should renew its expansion and become the world’s leading oil palm producer.
Critical Decision Making During Construction

Failures, poor performance or low productivity during construction may force construction project managers to make critical decisions; these decisions must be made in a rational and time‐responsive manner. A new decision‐making methodology, crisis decision analysis, is introduced as an appropriate tool for aiding the project manager in these strategic judgements. Adoption of crisis decision analysis for an example tunnel construction problem where surface settlement exceeds allowable limits demonstrates the methodology's strengths as well as its applicability.
Risk Stratification with Extreme Learning Machine: A Retrospective Study on Emergency Department Patients

This paper presents a novel risk stratification method using extreme learning machine (ELM). ELM was integrated into a scoring system to identify the risk of cardiac arrest in emergency department (ED) patients. The experiments were conducted on a cohort of 1025 critically ill patients presented to the ED of a tertiary hospital. ELM and voting based ELM (V-ELM) were evaluated. To enhance the prediction performance, we proposed a selective V-ELM (SV-ELM) algorithm. The results showed that ELM based scoring methods outperformed support vector machine (SVM) based scoring method in the receiver operation characteristic analysis.
Inner tapered tree‐shaped fractal antenna for UWB applications

In this article, a compact third iteration inner tapered tree‐shaped fractal antenna for ultrawideband applications is presented. The bandwidth is enhanced by using CPW ground plane and increasing the number of iterations. An impedance bandwidth of 4.3–15.5 GHz (113%) is achieved. The proposed third iteration antenna has nearly omnidirectional patterns at its resonance frequencies with an acceptable value of gain. The experimental and simulation results are found to be in good agreement. The proposed antenna has improved return loss performance and miniaturized size. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:559–567, 2015
Dead Time Optimization in a GaN-Based Buck Converter

A gallium nitride (GaN) field effect transistor can provide superior performance over a Si-mosfet due to its low on-state resistance and low junction capacitances. However, a GaN-based converter exhibits higher dead time loss during reverse conduction. Thus, to improve the efficiency, dead time optimization is required. This article proposes simple models for dead time optimization in a GaN-based buck converter under different load conditions. The proposed models are analytical in nature compared to the conventional models available for Si-based converters. A buck converter prototype is designed using a 100 V GaN device (GS61008P from GaN Systems) and the proposed analytical model-based dead time optimization techniques are validated experimentally. The proposed modeling techniques can be extended for other GaN-based dc–dc converters.
An online discussion on multiculturalism, a myth or a culture of silence?

This paper questions whether multiculturalism exists online. A case study examines a discussion about the myth of multiculturalism taking place in a Moodle, a Course Management System (CMS). An international group participated in a six weeks asynchronous, collaborative learning experience where discussion included their identifying the intrinsic worth of the virtual environment for facilitating communication, and examining an online culture as a culture of silence. The paper offers an evaluation of the appropriateness of the term 'multiculturalism' for online asynchronous interaction and presents ethnopluralism as a better term to convey the diversity of cultures from which online communication takes place.
Pole-Curb Fusion Based Robust and Efficient Autonomous Vehicle Localization System With Branch-and-Bound Global Optimization and Local Grid Map Method

The localization system is one of the key components of autonomous vehicles. Widely-used GNSS (low-cost) alone can not meet the centimeter accuracy and is unstable in urban environment. Typically LiDAR-based localization system is very computationally demanding due to the usage of the dense point cloud map. In this paper, we propose a novel lightweight LiDAR-based localization system for autonomous vehicle in this paper. The proposed system only relies on lightweight poles and curbs landmark map, which is highly robust and efficient compared to other localization systems. Poles and curbs are selected as landmarks because of their commonality and stability. We novelly propose a Branch-and-Bound (BnB)-based global optimization method to tackle the data association problem of poles. Motion decoupling is adopted to decouple translation and rotation to improve the efficiency of the BnB-based algorithm. Besides, we propose a new local grid map-based representation for curbs to make better use of curb information. Cost functions for pole and curb are defined respectively and then fused for the subsequent non-linear optimization method to obtain the vehicle location. Experiments on KITTI dataset and our self-collected dataset demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of our system.
Induction Heating of Two Magnetically Independent Loads With a Single Transmitter

This article introduces the design of a system capable of heating two magnetically independent ferromagnetic loads placed on different horizontal planes, which uses a combination of induction heating and inductive coupling, called inductively coupled heating. The system uses a single primary inductor acting as a transmitter to transfer power to a secondary inductor attached to the bottom load, which is connected electrically with a third inductor that heats the top load. Since power of the whole system is supplied by a simple half-bridge inverter, the ratio of the delivered power to each of the loads, which is critical for cooking results, is entirely dependent on the system's geometry, coil's number of turns, and compensation capacitors. A finite-element model is used to simulate the magnetic fields generated by inductor currents and calculate the impedance matrix. With the impedance, capacitor values and inductors’ number of turns are selected with the objective of achieving a high power ratio between the top and bottom zones, as well as minimizing stress in the electronics. First, a prototype was built to validate the impedance results in the small-signal regime, and then, the full power regime was used to verify power and current simulations
Hybrid Discrete Differential Evolution and Deep Q-Network for Multimission Selective Maintenance

The multimission selective maintenance problem (MSMP) for repairable systems has received increasing attention in recent years. The problem amounts to selecting a subset of feasible maintenance actions, in view of the resource limitations. For considering the realistic case of the imperfect maintenance, this article introduces a hybrid imperfect maintenance model, which is more realistic to evaluate the system reliability. The challenge of solving such kind of problems lies not only in the reliability estimation, but also in the solution method of the maintenance selection. Such decision-making problem can be effectively formulated using the Markov decision process, but it is difficult to apply current methods for solving the engineering systems with large action decision spaces. In order to solve this issue, this work puts forth a novel hybrid algorithm for the MSMP in a large multicomponent system. In the proposed method, a discrete differential evolution algorithm is developed for searching the optimal maintenance action in large-scale discrete action spaces and the deep Q-network method is utilized to approximate the effectiveness of maintenance actions and facilitate the agent training. The experiments, based on a large-scale coal transportation system, verify the effectiveness of the proposed method compared with LSDQN and differential evolution.
Classification of Bulk Samples of Cereal Grains using Machine Vision

Abstract Digital image analysis algorithms were developed to classify bulk samples of Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat, Canada Western Amber Durum (CWAD) wheat, barley, oats, and rye using textural and colour features. The textural features of bulk samples were extracted from different colours, i.e . , red R , green G , or blue B , and colour band combinations [black & white {(R+G+B)/3}; (3 R+2 G+1 B)/6; (2 R+1 G+3 B)/6; or (1 R+3 G+2 B)/6] of images to determine the colour or colour band combination that gave the highest classification accuracies in cereal grains. The textural features extracted from the red colour band at maximum gray-level value 32 gave the highest classification accuracies in cereal grains (mean accuracy, the average of the classification accuracies of the above-mentioned cereal grains, was 100% when tested on an independent data set that had 10 500 grain kernels). When the original bulk images were partitioned into sub-images and textural or colour features extracted from the sub-images were used, the classification accuracies of cereal grains decreased compared to when the original bulk images were used. The mean accuracy was 100% when colour features of bulk samples were used for classification of cereal grains in an independent data set.
A Compressed Sensing Approach in Structural Damage Identification

Accurate detection of time and location of damage in its early stages has motivated the researchers to develop several damage diagnosis methods in recent decades. With current improvements in monitoring hardware, many of the previously developed Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) methods encounter the BIG DATA problem in processing the data collected through dense sensor networks. Therefore, it is vital to improve the efficiency and scalability of today’s SHM procedures parallel to data acquisition enhancements. Toward this end, this paper presents a data-driven damage detection methodology based on compressed sensing techniques. The objective of the paper is accurate damage localization in a structural component instrumented with a dense sensor network, by processing data only from a subset of sensors. In this method, first a set of sensors from the network are randomly sampled. Measurements from these sampled sensors are processed to extract damage sensitive features. These features undergo statistical change point analysis to establish a new boundary for a local search of damage location. As the local search proceeds, probability of the damage location is estimated through a Bayesian procedure with a bivariate Gaussian likelihood model. The decision boundary and the posterior probability of the damage location are updated as new sensors are added to processing subset and more information about location of damage becomes available. This procedure is continued until enough evidence is collected to infer about damage location. Performance of this method is evaluated using a finite element model of a cracked gusset plate connection. Pre- and post-damage strain distributions in the plate are used for damage diagnosis. doi: 10.12783/SHM2015/279
Low elevation sea-surface target tracking using IPDA type filters

The integrated probabilistic data association (IPDA) type filters provide estimates of the underlying target probability of existence/perceivability/visibility, apart from track state maintenance. These quantities are conveniently used as a track quality measure and can be used for track confirmation and termination. The sea-surface induced multipath fading reduces the detection probability of the target at certain ranges, which can lead to track loss. In this paper, we use IPDA type filters for tracking a target in such a scenario. The primary results presented in this paper are encouraging for a further study in the future.
Covalent and non-covalent coupling of a Au102 nanocluster with a fluorophore: energy transfer, quenching and intracellular pH sensing

Interactions between an atomically precise gold nanocluster Au102(p-MBA)44 (p-MBA = para mercaptobenzoic acid) and a fluorescent organic dye molecule (KU, azadioxatriangulenium) are studied. In solution, the constituents form spontaneously a weakly bound complex leading to quenching of fluorescence of the KU dye via energy transfer. The KU can be separated from the complex by lowering pH, leading to recovery of fluorescence, which forms a basis for an optical reversible pH sensor. However, the sensor is not a stable entity, which could be delivered inside cells. For this purpose, a covalently bound hybrid is synthesized by linking the KU dye to the ligand layer of the cluster via an ester bond. Covalent linking facilitates entry of the cluster–dye hybrids into cells via endocytosis. Inside cells, the hybrids accumulate in endosomes where Au102 releases its cargo via hydrolysis of the ester bond. Changes of the local pH inside endosomes regulate reversible fluorescence due to variations in the interactions between the Au102 cluster and the dye. This work presents a concept for delivering reporter molecules into cells by using atomically precise gold nanoclusters as carriers and paves the way for future developments of cluster-reporter sensors for in vivo measurements of e.g. absolute pH values or ion concentrations.
EXPLORING THE TRUE GEOMETRY OF THE INELASTIC INSTANTANEOUS CENTER METHOD FOR ECCENTRICALLY LOADED BOLT GROUPS

Since 1971, presentations of the Instantaneous Center of Rotation Method for determining the capacity of eccentrically loaded bolt groups have included figures which indicate that the instantaneous center is located along a line perpendicular to the applied load and passing through the center of gravity of the bolt group. It is the purpose of the paper to show that this geometry is incorrect for all but a few very specific instances. The primary implication of this conclusion is that the search for the instantaneous center can not be limited to the one-dimensional line, but instead must include all points in a twodimensional plane.
The Generalized Multiprobe Reflectometer and Its Application to Automated Transmission Line Measurements

’ AbsfTacf-The multiprobe reflector can perform the measure ments usually performed with the slotted line without the need for mechanical adjustment, thus making it ideal for automated systems. Theory is presented showing how impedance data may be obtained from three or more arbitrarily placed probes; the spacing need not be at any particular fraction of a wavelength thus permitting very wide band operation. The use of additional probes permits measurement of frequency and also self checking of the system, thus providing accuracies comparable with the best slotted lines available. The simplicity of the hardware makes it easy to install in both standard and non-standard waveguides and transmission lines thus avoiding the use of adaptors with their attendant errors. A brief error analysis is included. Measurements of antenna impedance and wall loss, using a nonstandard size of waveguide, are presented and show an accuracy comparable with the best slotted lines.