Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Move on or take the heat: Can life history strategies of freshwater mussels predict their physiological and behavioural responses to drought and dewatering?

Funding information Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Grant/Award Number: TX T-127-1 Abstract 1. Freshwater organisms have developed different physiological, behavioural and life history strategies to cope with drying events. Although freshwater mussels (Unionidae) are endangered and drought and dewatering events pose a major threat, especially in the southern United States, little is known about their responses to such events and how physiology, behaviour and life history strategies may be linked. 2. Our goal was to examine whether and how behavioural responses to dewatering and physiological tolerances to desiccation are linked in five species of freshwater mussels (Unionidae) within Texas, including two state-threatened species (Cyclonaias petrina and Lampsilis bracteata) and one federally endangered species (Popenaias popeii), and to explore how differences in responses relate to life history strategies. 3. We measured horizontal and vertical movements under three dewatering rates and assessed desiccation tolerance by examining survival after emersion at 30 and 40°C with laboratory experiments. 4. Amblema plicata and C. petrina had the lowest horizontal movement rates and the highest desiccation tolerances, whereas L. bracteata and L. teres were less tolerant to desiccation, but more mobile. P. popeii were intermediate in its responses. 5. Our results show that differences between species in their behavioural response to dewatering and physiological tolerance to desiccation tend to be associated with differences in life history strategies or may be explained by differences in adaptation to certain habitat conditions. We propose a life history strategy-based framework for responses of mussels to drying events, which may be applicable to other taxa.
A Single-Battery Switching Boost Converting Pulse Generator for Functional Electrical Stimulation in Rehabilitation Application

This paper presents an application of using a switching boost converter in combination with two timer ICs for electrical stimulation in rehabilitation. The first timer IC generates a square wave pulse for the switching boost converter, while the second timer IC generates a clocking window for supplying the electrical stimulating signal to the patient in order to evoke a functional movement of the impair muscle of the patient through the specific set of nerves. The circuit implementation in this work can eliminate using of transformers. Thus, the circuit consumes smaller area than the conventional transformer approach and it does not require complicated design methodology. The simulation results show that the output waveform has frequency around 30Hz with pulse width around 220s and pulse voltage more than 10V which can be used as Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) device. The circuit can be operated with only a single 3V-battery which is applicable for portable device.
Insurance Crisis or Liability Crisis? Medical Malpractice Claiming in Illinois, 1980-2010

Since 1980, Illinois has experienced three med mal insurance crises – in the mid-1980s, mid-1990s, and early-2000s. Each time, Illinois responded by enacting tort reform. Using a previously unavailable database of closed medical malpractice (“med mal”) claims, maintained by the Illinois Department of Insurance, we analyze statewide trends in med mal claiming from 1980-2010, covering all three crises. Paid claim rates rose sharply from 1980-1985, roughly leveled off from 1986-1993, and then began a sustained decline. By 2010, paid claims rates were 75% lower than in the peak year (1991). Payout per claim has steadily increased since 1980, but these increases can be entirely explained by the virtual disappearance of smaller paid claims and claims involving less severe injuries. The total direct cost of med mal litigation (payouts and defense costs) rose sharply from 1980-1992, with a jump in 1991 and then declined steadily, with a more modest jump during 2000-2002, which persists through 2006. Thus, of the three Illinois insurance crises, only the first coincided in time with a major change in claiming. Rather than becoming more generous over time, Illinois’ med mal system has squeezed out claimants with less severe injuries and smaller claims.
Study of the coherent effects in rubidium atomic vapor under bi-chromatic laser radiation

The effect of electromagnetically induced transparency is observed, using nanocelland microcell. The EIT-resonance with good parameters (high contrast and small FWHM) is obtained in thick cells. The EIT-resonance splitting in magnetic field is observed for the cases of D1-line of 85Rb and 85Rb. The theoretical model, explaining the EIT-resonance components frequency shift dependence on magnetic field strength is presented. The theoretical and experimental results are compared and good agreement is shown. Also the EIT-resonance behavior in hyperfine Paschen-Back regime is presented and explained. For the first time the N-type resonance in microcell is observed. Good parameters of theN-type resonance in microcell are obtained. It allows us to observe the N-type resonance behavior in magnetic field. The N-resonance splitting in magnetic field is observed for the cases of 85Rb and 85Rb. The theoretical calculations of the N-resonance components frequency shift dependence on magnetic field is presented. The theoretical and experimental results are compared and good agreement is shown. Also the N-resonance behavior in hyperfine Paschen-Back regime is presented and explained. Simultaneous observation of N- and EIT-resonance is shown. Comparison of EIT- and N-resonance is made
Prevalence and histopathology of Sarcocystosis in slaughtered carcasses in southeast Iran

Objective: Sarcocystis spp. are common parasites and in terms of economics and pathogenicity in domestic animals is important. The purpose of this work was to define the rate of contamination of slaughtered carcasses of cattle to Sarcocystis using digestive and histopathological methods in southeast Iran. Material and Methods: In this descriptive laboratory study for 1 year, 500 carcasses were examined and isolated bradyzoites of Sarcocystis with the digest method. Also, tissue samples from the esophagus and diaphragm were considered for pathologic studies and stained with hematoxylin and eosin of sections of histopathological. Results: The results showed that the highest contaminations were in imported male animals aged 2–3 years old in the spring. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the prevalence rate with the sex and race of cattle but no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the prevalence rate with age and season. Conclusion: Infection with Sarcocystis is common in oxen in this region. The imported cattle are more infected. It seems that racing and the environmental condition affect the prevalence of Sarcocystosis.
DR-SIP: Protocols for Higher Order Structure Modeling with Distance Restraints- and Cyclic Symmetry-Imposed Packing

Motivation Quaternary structure determination for proteins is difficult especially for transmembrane proteins. Even if the monomeric constituents of complexes have been experimentally resolved, computational prediction of quaternary structures is a challenging task particularly for higher order complexes. It is essential to have a reliable computational protocol to predict quaternary structures of both transmembrane and soluble proteins leveraging experimentally determined distance restraints and/or cyclic symmetry (Cn symmetry) found in most homo-oligomeric transmembrane proteins. Results We survey 115 X-ray crystallographically solved structures of homo-oligomeric transmembrane proteins (HoTPs) to discover that 90% of them are Cn symmetric. Given the prevalence of Cn symmetric HoTPs and the benefits of incorporating geometry restraints in aiding quaternary structure determination, we introduce two new filters, the distance-restraints (DR) filter and the Symmetry-Imposed Packing (SIP) filter which takes advantage of the statistically derived tilt angle cutoff and the Cn symmetry of HoTPs without prior knowledge of the number (“n”) of monomers. Using only the geometrical filter, SIP, near-native poses of the 115 HoTPs can be correctly identified in the top-5 for 52% of all cases, or 49% among the HoTPs having an n >2 (~60% of the dataset), while ZDOCK alone returns 41% and 24%, respectively. Applying only SIP to three HoTPs with distance restraints, the near-native poses for two HoTPs are ranked 1st and the other 7th among 54,000 possible decoys. With both filters, the two remain 1st while the other improved to 2nd. While a soluble system with distance restraints is recovered at the 1st-ranked pose by applying only DR. Availability and Implementation https://github.com/capslockwizard/drsip Supplementary information Supplementary methods and results are available.
Characterization of African Rice Germplasm for Morphological and Yield Attributing Traits

1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, India 2 MFPI-Quality control Lab, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 3 Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 4 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad
Occurrence of hydrocarbon-degrading nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere of Paspalum vaginatum Sw.

Several nitrogen-fixing and hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of the turf grass Paspalum vaginatum Sw. using four different hydrocarbons; crude oil, decane, diesel and engine oil as substrates. The isolates showed between 98%-99% 16S rRNA gene similarity with species of Alcaligenes, Brevundimonas and Klebsiella. Only Alcaligenes faecalis C1B, Klebsiella varicola C3B and Klebsiella varicola C3BB had the nifH gene; and the genes responsible for nitrogen-fixing abilities of all the isolates were not plasmid borne. Three of the isolates, Brevundimonas diminuta C4B, Alcaligenes faecalis B5 and Alcaligenes faecalis D4A with the ability to grow well in crude oil as carbon and energy source were selected for further studies. Alcaligenes faecalis B5 had the highest growth rate constant of 0.038 µ-1 with a mean generation time of 18.46 h. Analysis of culture extracts by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector showed that Alcaligenes faecalis B5 degraded 90.5% of crude oil in 24 days, while Alcaligenes faecalis D4A and Brevundimonas diminuta C4B biodegraded 84.6% and 82.1% of the oil respectively. Confirmation of nitrogen fixing ability was determined by the acetylene reduction assay (ARA). Alcaligenes faecalis B5 produced the highest amount of ethylene (15.18 nmol) after 24 h of incubation, while Alcaligenes faecalis D4A and Brevundimonas diminuta C4B produced 12.10 nmol and 9.60 nmol of ethylene respectively. Nitrogen-fixing hydrocarbon utilizers are therefore potential seeds in the bioaugmentation of nitrogen-limited hydrocarbon-polluted environments.
Treatment and dosimetry advantage between FF-IMRT, VMAT, and HT in cervix uteri radiotherapy

Objective To investigate dosimetric advantage of fixed field intensity-modulated radiotherapy (FF-IMRT),volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and helical tomotherapy (HT) for cervix uteri cancer.Methods CT datasets of ten patients with cervix uteri cancer were enrolled in the study.FF-IMRT,VMAT and HT plans were designed on Eclipse and HT treatment planning system.Plans were optimized with the aim to assess OAR while enforcing highly conformal target coverage.Institutional dose-volume constraints used in cervix uteri cancer were kept the same for three techniques.The different of three plan was play by single factor analysis of variance and compared to two groups by LSD method.Results All FF-IMRT,VMAT and HT resulted in equivalent target coverage but HT had an improved homogeneity index (P =0.000) and conformity index (P =0.000),or PTV of 105％ prescription dose (47.12％,45.83％ and 0.05％,P=0.000) and lowest Dmax dose (54.53 Gy,53.65 Gy,52.69 Gy,P=0.000). Compared with FF-IMRT and VMAT,the bladder V40 and Dmax of HT were lowest (50.01％,46.84％,42.98％,P=0.001 and 54.49 Gy,52.96 Gy,52.78 Gy,P=0.000),with the rectum V40 lowest (54.61％,48.34％,46.78％,P =0.006),the intestine Dmax lowest (54.53 Gy,53.65 Gy,52.66 Gy,P =0.000) and marrow Dmax lowest (54.51 Gy,54.44 Gy,52.13 Gy,P=0.000). But the delivery MU per fraction were highest (1429.20 MU,617.80 MU,7002.04 MU,P =0.000). Conclusions HT technology is feasible for clinical applications in cervical uteri cancer and can be used as a new method to promote. Key words: Cervix uteri neoplasms; Fixed field intensity-modulated radiotherapy; Volumetric modulated arc therapy; Helical tomotherapy; Dosimetry
Comparison of compression algorithms on vehicle communications system

In order to improve the compression ratio, most of improved compression methods require more memory and CPU time. But these improvements are not suitable for embedded system with limited-resource, especially for vehicle communications system. In order to communicate realtimely by lower costs, the huge and short data are compressed before transmitting. This paper discusses several original lossless compression methods including their principles, features, advantages and disadvantages respectively. Experiments on the front vehicle system show that the LZ77, PPM and BWT are more suitable for the automobile communication data, and they have better compression ratios, simpler coding, lower CPU and memory costs.
Computed tomography examinations of the surface and internal morphologies of the upper face in Ryukyu Islanders and mainland Japanese population

Using computed tomography, we examined the surface and internal morphologies of the upper face of people living on the Ryukyu Islands and mainland Japanese, focusing on the nasal root protrusion and eyeball position. The results showed that the nasal root protrusion on the surface was influenced by a combination of changes in both hard and soft tissues, such as skeletal nasal protrusion, eyeball recession, and skin thickness. The eyeball position became more posterior as the orbital cavity height and depth increased. Compared with people originating from mainland Japan, Ryukyu Islanders had a more prominent nasal root at both surface and skeletal levels, and a lower orbital rim relative to its internal height. However, a significant difference in the eyeball position and skin thickness was not detected. Therefore, the skeletal nasal root protrusion, not soft tissue configuration, is likely to account for the difference in the surface nasal root protrusion between the two populations. These findings will contribute to a better understanding of the association between hard and soft tissue configurations and the diversification of human facial features at the individual and population levels.
Induction of defensive traits in marine plankton—new copepodamide structures

Marine zooplankton release chemical cues, which trigger defenses in unicellular phytoplankton, such as increased toxin production and changes of colony sizes. Here, we identify the structure of two novel alarm cues belonging to the group of copepodamides. Similar to the known copepodamides, one of the compounds described is shown to trigger both amnesic and paralytic shellfish toxin production and chain length shortening in Skeletonema marinoi. In addition, we report the putative structures of another 21 copepodamides, which constitute 28% of the total copepodamides extractable from whole animals, suggesting that the copepodamide concentrations have been underestimated in earlier studies. We introduce a structure‐based nomenclature to handle the increasing number of copepodamides. Analysis of 12 copepod species showed that marine calanoid and freshwater cyclopoid copepods contain copepodamides. The only harpacticoid included in the analysis, Tigriopus californicus, did not appear to produce detectable amounts of copepodamides. Feeding experiments revealed that copepodamide compositions depend on both diet and species‐specific properties. Copepodamides induce both morphological and biochemical defensive traits in phytoplankton and may drive large‐scale trait–mediated effects in marine food webs. The more comprehensive list of copepodamides reported here makes it possible to explore the role of the copepodamide signaling system in the pelagic ecosystem in greater detail.
Media Violence Effects on Brain Development: What Neuroimaging Has Revealed and What Lies Ahead

Substantial research has indicated that media violence induces both shortand longterm increases in aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Recently, neuroimaging techniques have begun to identify the mechanisms driving these changes. An important avenue that these neuroimaging tools can address is how exposure to media violence in childhood affects brain development, which can have lifelong behavioral consequences. This review highlights neuroimaging research examining how media violence exposure affects the pediatric brain. While such research is limited, evidence suggests that prefrontal mechanisms for controlling emotion and behavior are altered by exposure to violent media. Therefore, long-term increases in aggression and decreases in inhibitory control due to excessive media violence exposure may result from impaired development of prefrontal regions. However, additional neuroimaging research is necessary to establish whether and how exposure to media violence specifically shapes subsequent neural maturation. To optimize the use of neuroimaging in this inquiry, imaging studies should not stand on their own, but instead must be integrated with more traditional research paradigms to establish a more complete picture of effects. Future research must employ more longitudinal approaches to better characterize long-term effects that high exposure to violent screen media may have on brain development, particularly prefrontal and limbic brain regions.
Towards Task Allocation in Global Software Development Projects

— Global Software Development (GSD) initiative aims to facilitate software development process by providing access to skilled workers at a relatively low cost and a 24/7 software development model. Previous work suggests that a significant number of companies that have tried GSD have failed to realize the anticipated benefits, which have resulted in poor outsourcing relationships, high costs and overall poor software products. Task allocation is one of the critical factor for a successful GSD project as project managers not only need to consider their workforce but also need to take into the account the characteristics of the geographically distributed sites involved in a project. In this paper, we present a task allocation process with an aim to utilize different geographically distributed sites for a GSD project. The task allocation process uses project scheduling techniques, e.g., Critical Path Method (CPM)/ Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT), and a multi-objective optimization technique to allocate GSD project tasks. We also present an application of the task allocation process to Obesity Health Clinic System (OHCS) case study.
Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics

Computational methods: atomistic models and force fields dynamics methods conformational analysis treatment of long-range forces and potential internal co-ordinate simulation method implicit solvent models normal mode analysis of biological molecules free energy calculations reaction rates and transition pathways computer simulation of biochemical reactions with QM-MM methods. Experimental data analysis: X-ray and neutron scattering as probes of the dynamics of biological molecules applications of molecular modelling in NMR structure determination. Modelling and design: comparative protein structure modelling Bayesian statistics in molecular and structural biology. Computer-aided drug design. Advanced applications: protein folding simulations of electron transfer proteins the RISM-SCF/MCSCF approach for the chemical processes in solutions nucleic acids simulations membrane simulations. Appendix: useful Web sites.
Study of Thermodynamic Vent and Screen Baffle Integration for Orbital Storage and Transfer of Liquid Hydrogen

A comprehensive analytical and experimental program was performed to determine the feasibility of integrating an internal thermodynamic vent system and a full wall-screen liner for the orbital storage and transfer of liquid hydrogen (LH2). Ten screens were selected from a comprehensive screen survey. The experimental study determined the screen bubble point, flow-through pressure loss, and pressure loss along rectangular channels lined with screen on one side, for the 10 screens using LH2 saturated at 34.5 N/cm2 (50 psia). The correlated experimental data were used in an analysis to determine the optimum system characteristics in terms of minimum weight for 6 tanks ranging from 141.6 m3 (5,000 ft3) to 1.416 m3 (50 ft3) for orbital storage times of 30 and 300 days.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Perciformes fish (Brama dussumieri) from South China Sea

Abstract Brama dussumieri is one of the members of the family Bramidae and is widely distributed in the North Pacific Ocean. In this study, we described the complete mitochondrial genome of B. dussumieri. The genome is 16,996bp in length, encoding the standard set of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes, with circular organization. The overall base composition of the whole mitochondrial genome was A (26.21%), T (25.65%), G (16.83%) and C (31.31%) with an AT bias of 51.86%. The ATG initiation codons are used in all protein-coding genes except COX1, and the stop codons of all the 13 protein-coding genes were complete.
Effects of varenicline and cognitive bias modification on neural response to smoking-related cues: a randomised control trial

Drug-related cognitive biases have been positively associated with drug-craving and increased likelihood of relapse. Cognitive bias modification paradigms have been developed to attenuate cognitive biases but there have been few studies that examined neural responses to these paradigms. This study compared neural responses following CBM and explored whether CBM effects were potentiated by varenicline administration. This was a double-blind placebo-controlled study with two between subject factors of drug (varenicline, placebo) and CBM (attend towards smoking cues, train away from smoking cues, control training) that recruited daily (≥ 10 cigarettes per day) non-treatment seeking smokers. Participants (n = 67, 53% female) were randomised to one-week of drug administration (varenicline or placebo) before attending a study session at which they were randomised to CBM condition, and underwent an fMRI scan were they were presented with smoking and neutral cues. Neural response to smoking (vs. neutral) cues, cognitive bias, craving and mood were assessed. There was no evidence of CBM effects on any outcomes. There was evidence of effects of varenicline on craving, with greater reductions in craving in the week preceding the study session in the varencline group (p = 0.04, ηp2 = .06). There was also evidence of a drug by CBM interaction for neural responses (z = 3.78, p <0.001). Compared to placebo, varenicline was associated with greater activation in the right temporal middle gyrus in the CBM control condition, compared to an opposite effect in the CBM “attend towards” condition. These data suggest that CBM does not modify cognitive bias, subjective craving and mood, or neural response to smoking cues. There was also no evidence that CBM effects were potentiated by varenicline.