Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advances in Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance and Control Strategies in Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Economies: Assessment of a Multiyear Building Capacity Project

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health concern for both animal and public health, and collaborative strategies are needed to combat the threat. The level of awareness and funding for policies focused on reducing AMR varies between countries. The aim of this study was to compare the integrated surveillance systems for AMR in high and low–middle economies of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation and determine whether there was any improvement from 2015 to 2018. We conducted a survey with a group of 21 countries at different development levels. Associations between the economic development level and the questions of AMR awareness and funding were established using Fisher’s exact test. Improvements were identified where countries established public policies for integrated surveillance of AMR. High economies showed greater advancement in several topics related to AMR than low–middle economies. The survey revealed that there is a better understanding surrounding the implications of the emergence of AMR in human medicine than in veterinary medicine, agriculture, and food production. Our results show that countries enhanced overall AMR surveillance over the 4-year-period; however, more research is needed concerning these advances, especially in low–middle economies and the food production sector.
Phosphorene analogues: Isoelectronic two-dimensional group-IV monochalcogenides with orthorhombic structure

The group-IV monochalcogenides SnS, SnSe, GeS, and GeSe form a family within the wider group of semiconductor ``phosphorene analogues. '' Here, we used first-principles calculations to investigate systematically their structural, electronic, and optical properties, analyzing the changes associated with the reduction of dimensionality, from bulk to monolayer or bilayer form. We show that all those binary phosphorene analogues are semiconducting, with band-gap energies covering part of the infrared and visible range, and in most cases higher than phosphorene. Further, we found that they have multiple valleys in the valence and conduction band, the latter with spin-orbit splitting of the order of 19--86 meV.
Comparative Genomics of Escherichia coli Serotype O55:H7 Using Complete Closed Genomes

Escherichia coli O55:H7 is a human foodborne pathogen and is recognized as the progenitor strain of E. coli O157:H7. While this strain is important from a food safety and genomic evolution standpoint, much of the genomic diversity of E. coli O55:H7 has been demonstrated using draft genomes. Here, we combine the four publicly available E. coli O55:H7 closed genomes with six newly sequenced closed genomes to provide context to this strain’s genomic diversity. We found significant diversity within the 10 E. coli O55:H7 strains that belonged to three different sequence types. The prophage content was about 10% of the genome, with three prophages common to all strains and seven unique to one strain. Overall, there were 492 insertion sequences identified within the six new sequence strains, with each strain on average containing 75 insertions (range 55 to 114). A total of 31 plasmids were identified between all isolates (range 1 to 6), with one plasmid (pO55) having an identical phylogenetic tree as the chromosome. The release and comparison of these closed genomes provides new insight into E. coli O55:H7 diversity and its ability to cause disease in humans.
Determinants of Lack of Recovery from Dependency and Walking Ability Six Months after Hip Fracture in a Population of People Aged 65 Years and Over

Background: Hip fracture in the elderly means that between a quarter and a half of patients do not regain the levels of independence and walking ability that they previously had, according to the literature, after the fracture. Material and methods: Retrospective study of 537 patients aged ≥65 years who survived at the sixth month after fracturing their hip, of which the age, sex, type of fracture, surgical risk, independence (BI), walking ability, cognitive level (PS), comorbidities, indicated drugs, complications, surgical delay, hospital stay, and surgical technique are known. Using Pearson’s χ2 test, all the variables were contrasted with respect to the limitation or not, at the sixth month of the recovery of both independence and pre-admission walking ability. Multivariate analysis provides the necessary adjustment to the previous contrast. Results: We have found that age and PS ≥ 5 at admission limit recovery from both dependency and walking ability. Surgical risk, independence (BI) upon admission, anemia, and constipation during the hospital stay limit the recovery of the BI. Worsening of walking ability during the hospital stay and the type of extra-articular fracture, which was surgically treated by osteosynthesis, limit the recovery of walking ability. Conclusions: The factors previously exposed, and perhaps the fact that patients with hip fractures are not routinely referred to rehabilitation, explain the high proportion of patients who do not recover their previous independency (36%) or walking ability (45%) to the fact of fracturing.
Direct observation of waveguide formation in KGd(WO4)2 by low dose H+ ion implantation

In this letter, a direct measurement of a refractive index change in potassium gadolinium tungstate (KGW) created by a low-dose ion implantation of 1MeV hydrogen ions is reported. The characterization was performed using both microreflectivity and Raman spectroscopy measurements. The microreflectivity results show both negative and positive changes in refractive index in the damage region when measuring refractive index along different polarization axes. Micro-Raman spectroscopy analysis shows preservation of the Raman characteristics of KGW in the nondamaged crystal regions. These results show that ion implantation in KGW has a great potential for fabricating waveguide structures in Raman-based photonic devices.
Visual perception of repaired cleft lip scarring face associated with different malocclusions via eye-tracking

Background. This study aimed to evaluate the visual facial perception in response to scars associated with repaired cleft lip (CL) on a male adolescent patient, as assessed via eye-tracking. Methods. Index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) malocclusions, grades 1, 5, and 8 were added to the frontal view facial image of an adolescent male model showing asymmetries of the nose and upper lip after CL surgery using the software Photoshop CS5® software. The eye movements of 91 laypeople observers were tracked by an Eye Tribe infrared sensor connected to OGAMA© software. A Kruskal–Wallis test was used to identify differences in total fixation time and time until the first fixation for the areas of interest. A visual analog scale (VAS) of attractiveness was also used in the study. Statistical analysis was performed adopting a significance level of P<0.05. Results. The area of interest (AOI) were found to be the mouth and teeth, which were more focused on gazed at than any other area, regardless of the grade of IOTN. For observers of different ages, there were significant differences in the time until the first fixation on the scar of the repaired CL region for IOTN grade 1 (P=0.007). Images showing IOTN grade 1 repaired CL regions received the highest VAS scores. The older the age, the greater the tendency to give a higher VAS score for the same malocclusion. Conclusion. The presence of a CL scar on the upper lip did not attract the eye of laypeople observers of different ages, regardless of the degree of malocclusion in the non-smile image. The age of the observers did influence the perception of attractiveness, with older observers giving higher scores than younger ones. As the severity of the malocclusion increased, they were found to be less attractive.
Astrophysical tests of modified gravity: Stellar and gaseous rotation curves in dwarf galaxies

Chameleon theories of gravity predict that the gaseous component of isolated dwarf galaxies rotates with a faster velocity than the stellar component. In this paper, we exploit this effect to obtain new constraints on the model parameters using the measured rotation curves of six low surface brightness galaxies. For $f(R)$ theories, we rule out values of $f_{R0}>10^{-6}$. For more general theories, we find that the constraints from Cepheid variable stars are currently more competitive than the bounds we obtain here but we are able to rule out self-screening parameters $\chi_c>10^{-6}$ for fifth-force strengths (coupling of the scalar to matter) as low as $0.05$ the Newtonian force. This region of parameter space has hitherto been inaccessible to astrophysical probes. We discuss the future prospects for improving these bounds.
Resin Flow Analysis for the Foam Core Sandwich Spoiler by Vacuum-Assisted Resin Injection Process

This article presents the numerical analysis and experimental investigation for the manufacturing of a foam core sandwich spoiler by vacuum-assisted resin injection (VARI) process. To find an injection scheme that guarantees both a good impregnation of the preform and a filling time compatible with the process window, the finite element model (FEM) was applied to analyze the effect of different injection schemes on the resin flow front patterns. Based on the obtained results, two optimal injection schemes are selected to form the spoiler structure. The experimental results show that the best molding quality can be achieved from the thick-end injection with a thin-end exit scheme. The comparison between simulation and experimental results shows that the overall deviation of the numerical analysis on resin flow time is 15.9%.
Detection the Antibiotyping Patterns of the Most That Common Bacterial Pathogens Susceptible to Different Antimicrobial Agents That Cause Wound Infections, in Duhok, Iraq

Background: Wound infections are considered a major problem in the field of surgery for a long time, with growing bacterial resistance to drugs that were once considered the first line of treatment for post-operative wound infections, according to data spanning two years. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the prevalence of bacteriological profiles that cause surgical wound infections and the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns between outpatient clinics at Azadi teaching hospital in Duhok, Iraq. Methods: 165 wound swab samples were collected from surgical wound infections and tested on Blood agar, MacConkey agar, and Nutrient agar, then identified using different cultures and standard biochemical tests. On Muller Hinton Agar, all of the isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using the disk diffusion technique, as defined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results: 90 (54.5%) of the 165 surgical wound swab samples cultured had a positive bacterial culture, with Klebsiella pneumoniae 25 samples (27.8%) being the most common pathogen, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (20 samples). Some gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14 samples), Escherichia coli (13 samples), Proteus mirabilis (7 samples), and Enterobacter cloacae
Physical Therapy for at Least 6 Months Improves Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Patients: A Meta-Analysis

Objective Long-term physical therapy helps to improve the motor symptoms of patients with Parkinson's disease, but the effectiveness is not clear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of long-term physical therapy on improving motor symptoms or daily activities in Parkinson's patients with drug use or discontinuation, as well as its impact on drug treatment dose. A subgroup analysis was conducted on different treatment methods to determine the most effective treatment method. Methods The researchers independently searched databases, including PubMed, Medline, Embase, Ovid, Cochrane Library, and ISI Web of science. The search deadline was June 2022. A randomized controlled trial was conducted on Parkinson's disease patients with HY stages 1-3 who received continuous physical therapy for 6 months or more. Systematic evaluation and meta-analysis were carried out by using common clinical evaluation indicators, namely, MDS-UPDRS exercise score, daily activity (ADL) score, or LED dose. The quality of the literature was assessed using the modified Jadad scale of Cochrane's bias risk tool. Results A total of 523 Parkinson's disease patients with HY stages of 1-3 were included in the study. The results showed that long-term physical therapy could improve patients' motor symptoms with combined antiparkinsonian drugs (Z = 2.61 and P = 0.009) and had a significant positive effect on the motor symptoms of patients with discontinued antiparkinsonian drugs (Z = 2.73 and P = 0.006). Meanwhile, it could reduce the LED dose of patients with Parkinson's disease. The difference was statistically significant (Z = 2.58 and P = 0.010). Conclusion The results of this study indicated that physical therapy for at least 6 months or longer for patients with mild to moderate Parkinson's HY could effectively improve the motor symptoms of Parkinson's patients, whether or not combined with antiparkinson drugs. Meanwhile, long-term physical therapy reduced the LED dose of patients treated with drugs compared with patients in the control group who received short-term physical therapy, other types of intervention group, or no treatment.
Tailoring the Structure of Cell Penetrating DNA and RNA Binding Nucleopeptides

Synthetic nucleic acid interactors represent an exciting research field due to their biotechnological and potential therapeutic applications. The translation of these molecules into drugs is a long and difficult process that justifies the continuous research of new chemotypes endowed with favorable binding, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. In this scenario, we describe the synthesis of two sets of homo-thymine nucleopeptides, in which nucleobases are inserted in a peptide structure, to investigate the role of the underivatized amino acid residue and the distance of the nucleobase from the peptide backbone on the nucleic acid recognition process. It is worth noting that the CD spectroscopy investigation showed that two of the reported nucleopeptides, consisting of alternation of thymine functionalized L-Orn and L-Dab and L-Arg as underivatized amino acids, were able to efficiently bind DNA and RNA targets and cross both cell and nuclear membranes.
Node-Centric Community Detection in Evolving Networks

Advance in technology has led to the availability of data from different platforms such as the web and social media platforms. Much of this data can be represented in the form of a network consisting of a set of nodes connected by edges. The nodes represent the items in the networks while the edges represent the interactions between the nodes. Community detection methods have been used extensively in analyzing these networks. However, community detection in evolving networks has been a significant challenge because of the frequent changes to the networks and the need for real time analysis. Using Static community detection methods for analyzing dynamic network will not be appropriate because static methods do not retain a network’s history and cannot provide real-time information about communities in a network.
Computer Vision Process Development regarding Worker’s Safety Harness and Hook to Prevent Fall Accidents: Focused on System Scaffolds in South Korea

In South Korea, industrial accidents continue to increase in frequency, with construction accidents accounting for more than a third of all industrial accidents. Specifically, by preventing fall accidents, the death rate from accidents can be reduced by 50%. Fall protection is required to prevent fall accidents, and investigating the reinforcement of the worker’s safety harness and hook fastening becomes imperative. This requires automation of computer vision confirmation of the safety harness and hook fastening. As the accident risk can be reduced by an effective safety culture in the system, it is necessary to monitor safety on site through a construction safety automation system. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a computer vision process for safety harness and hook for preventing fall accidents in South Korea’s construction industry. This study focuses on system scaffolds that are widely used at construction sites. The application of this methodology to sample sites and field cases established its applicability. The proposed computer vision application methodology will serve as the foundation for visualization research in the construction industry, and image recognition will help reduce the safety accident rate. Accidents caused by failure to use a safety harness and hook can be reduced in South Korea as well as globally. Additionally, this methodology is applicable to roof construction, tower crane installation and dismantling work, as well as steel tower installation and dismantling.
Extensive sharing of chloroplast haplotypes among East Asian Cerris oaks: The imprints of shared ancestral polymorphism and introgression

Abstract Shared ancestral polymorphism and introgression are two main causes of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) haplotype sharing among closely related angiosperms. In this study, we explored the roles of these two processes in shaping the phylogeographic patterns of East Asian Cerris oaks by examining the geographic distributions of randomly and locally distributed shared haplotypes, which coincide with the expectations of shared ancestry and introgression, respectively. We sequenced 1340 bp of non‐coding cpDNA from Quercus acutissima (n = 418) and Q. chenii (n = 183) and compiled previously published sequence data of Q. variabilis (n = 439). The phylogenetic relationships among haplotypes were examined using a median‐joining network. The geographic patterns of interspecifically shared haplotypes were assessed to test whether nearby populations have a higher degree of interspecific cpDNA sharing than distant ones. We identified a total of 27 haplotypes that were grouped into three non‐species‐specific lineages with overlapping distributions. Ancestral haplotypes were extensively shared and randomly distributed across populations of the three species. Some young haplotypes were locally shared in mountainous areas that may have been shared refugia. The local exchange of cpDNA resulted in an excess of similar haplotypes between nearby populations. Our study demonstrated that the haplotype sharing pattern among East Asian Cerris oaks reflected the imprints of both shared ancestral polymorphism and introgression. This pattern was also associated with the relatively stable climates and complex landscapes in East Asia, which not only allowed the long‐term persistence of ancestral lineages but also connected the survived populations across refugia.
Ti/Al/W Ohmic contacts to p-type implanted 4H-SiC

In this work, the morphological, structural, and electrical properties of Ti/Al/W contacts to p-type implanted silicon carbide (4H-SiC) have been monitored as a function of the annealing temperature (800–1100 °C). The increase of the annealing temperature induces a transition from a rectifying to an Ohmic behavior, with a specific contact resistance of 5.8 × 10−4 Ωcm2. The electrical behavior has been correlated with the morphological and structural analyses. In particular, the transition to an Ohmic behavior was accompanied by a gradual increase of the surface roughness and by the occurrence of a reaction leading to the formation of new phases in the stack and at the interface (TiAl3, W(SiAl)2, and TiC). The presence of Al-rich protrusions penetrating in the SiC substrate was also observed. From the temperature dependence of the electrical parameters, a barrier height of 0.69 eV for this system was determined. The thermal stability of the contacts has been demonstrated for long-term (up to 100 h) thermal cycling at 400 °C.
A Multimethod Assessment of a New Customized Heat-Treated Nickel–Titanium Rotary File System

This study aimed to compare three endodontic rotary systems. The new Genius Proflex (25/0.04), Vortex Blue (25/0.04), and TruNatomy (26/0.04v) instruments (n = 41 per group) were analyzed regarding design, metallurgy, and mechanical performance, while shaping ability (untouched canal walls, volume of removed dentin and hard tissue debris) was tested in 36 anatomically matched root canals of mandibular molars. The results were compared using one-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey, and Kruskal–Wallis tests, with a significance level set at 5%. All instruments showed symmetrical cross-sections, with asymmetrical blades, no radial lands, no major defects, and almost equiatomic nickel–titanium ratios. Differences were noted in the number of blades, helical angles, cross-sectional design, and tip geometry. The Genius Proflex and the TruNatomy instruments had the highest and lowest R-phase start and finish temperatures, as well as the highest and lowest time and cycles to fracture (p < 0.05), respectively. The TruNatomy had the highest flexibility (p < 0.05), while no differences were observed between the Genius Proflex and the Vortex Blue (p > 0.05). No differences among tested systems were observed regarding the maximum torque, angle of rotation prior to fracture, and shaping ability (p > 0.05). The instruments showed similarities and differences in their design, metallurgy, and mechanical properties. However, their shaping ability was similar, without any clinically significant errors. Understanding these characteristics may help clinicians to make decisions regarding which instrument to choose for a particular clinical situation.
Automatic random variate generation in Python

—The generation of random variates is an important tool that is required in many applications. Various software programs or packages contain generators for standard distributions like the normal, exponential or Gamma, e.g., the programming language R and the packages SciPy and NumPy in Python. However, it is not uncommon that sampling from new/non-standard distributions is required. Instead of deriving speciﬁc generators in such situations, so-called automatic or black-box methods have been developed. These allow the user to generate random variates from fairly large classes of distributions by only specifying some properties of the distributions (e.g. the density and/or cumulative distribution function). In this note, we describe the implementation of such methods from the C library UNU.RAN in the Python package SciPy and provide a brief overview of the functionality.
Ultrasound assisted extraction of carotenoids from Sargassum Angustifolium algae

An experimental batch extraction method was studied to obtain a carotenoid pigment from dried Sargassum Angustifolium algae using ultrasound as an enhancer and a mixture of ethanol-isopropanol as a solvent. The purpose of this work is to investigate the extraction kinetics as well as the temperature effects (303 to 333) K, solvent concentration (40% ethanol - 60% isopropanol to 60% ethanol - 40% isopropanol) and particle size (250 - 500, 500 - 710 and 710 - 1000) micrometer. Also, the effect of collecting, drying and transporting Sargassum Angustifolium algae on the total carotenoids extraction from dried algae was studied. The ultimate extraction value of the carotenoids was found to be 0.29% from algae. A batch model for extraction was created and numerically solved. The model parameters were calculated using existing empirical correlations and data gathered during this project. The model predicts the mass transport rate constant and saturation capacity at various temperatures. Furthermore, the energy of activation and frequency factor of the extraction process were enumerated and it was found that the process is endothermic with activation energy equals 28.9 kJ/mol. The utilized mathematical model agreed well with the experimental data, allowing it to be used in modeling and improving the carotenoids extracting process from Sargassum Angustifolium algae.