Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Penman: An Open-Source Library and Tool for AMR Graphs

Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) (Banarescu et al., 2013) is a framework for semantic dependencies that encodes its rooted and directed acyclic graphs in a format called PENMAN notation. The format is simple enough that users of AMR data often write small scripts or libraries for parsing it into an internal graph representation, but there is enough complexity that these users could benefit from a more sophisticated and well-tested solution. The open-source Python library Penman provides a robust parser, functions for graph inspection and manipulation, and functions for formatting graphs into PENMAN notation. Many functions are also available in a command-line tool, thus extending its utility to non-Python setups.
Improving Biomedical Analogical Retrieval with Embedding of Structural Dependencies

Inferring the nature of the relationships between biomedical entities from text is an important problem due to the difficulty of maintaining human-curated knowledge bases in rapidly evolving fields. Neural word embeddings have earned attention for an apparent ability to encode relational information. However, word embedding models that disregard syntax during training are limited in their ability to encode the structural relationships fundamental to cognitive theories of analogy. In this paper, we demonstrate the utility of encoding dependency structure in word embeddings in a model we call Embedding of Structural Dependencies (ESD) as a way to represent biomedical relationships in two analogical retrieval tasks: a relationship retrieval (RR) task, and a literature-based discovery (LBD) task meant to hypothesize plausible relationships between pairs of entities unseen in training. We compare our model to skip-gram with negative sampling (SGNS), using 19 databases of biomedical relationships as our evaluation data, with improvements in performance on 17 (LBD) and 18 (RR) of these sets. These results suggest embeddings encoding dependency path information are of value for biomedical analogy retrieval.
Pre-training via Leveraging Assisting Languages for Neural Machine Translation

Sequence-to-sequence (S2S) pre-training using large monolingual data is known to improve performance for various S2S NLP tasks. However, large monolingual corpora might not always be available for the languages of interest (LOI). Thus, we propose to exploit monolingual corpora of other languages to complement the scarcity of monolingual corpora for the LOI. We utilize script mapping (Chinese to Japanese) to increase the similarity (number of cognates) between the monolingual corpora of helping languages and LOI. An empirical case study of low-resource Japanese-English neural machine translation (NMT) reveals that leveraging large Chinese and French monolingual corpora can help overcome the shortage of Japanese and English monolingual corpora, respectively, for S2S pre-training. Using only Chinese and French monolingual corpora, we were able to improve Japanese-English translation quality by up to 8.5 BLEU in low-resource scenarios.
A laboratory study to evaluate the toxicity of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, bait, Success 0.02 CB, to the honey bee, Apis mellifera

USDA APHIS and Moscamed have developed an eradication program for the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), in North and Central America. Currently, the primary chemical used to control fruit flies in Central America is spinosad, Success 0.02 CB™ (GF-120). Central America, and Guatemala in particular, has a thriving apiculture industry. Many Guatemalan beekeepers believe that Success is toxic to honey bees, Apis mellifera L. , and that its use has resulted in a decrease in bee populations and subsequent honey production. Continuous, limited, and topical exposure studies demonstrated that Success is toxic to honey bees at varying levels, depending upon exposure and drying time, as demonstrated by 24 h bioassays. Future studies should evaluate the effects of Success in the field on foraging honey bees and brood health during a season long Medfly control program to determine possible honeybee impacts. Apis mellifera / Ceratitis capitata / spinosad / Success 0.02 CB / toxicity / apiculture
Femoral anteversion: significance and measurement

Femoral neck anteversion (FNA) is the angle between the femoral neck and femoral shaft, indicating the degree of torsion of the femur. Differences in FNA affect the biomechanics of the hip, through alterations in factors such as moment arm lengths and joint loading. Altered gait associated with differences in FNA may also contribute to the development of a wide range of skeletal disorders including osteoarthritis. FNA varies by up to 30° within apparently healthy adults. FNA increases substantially during gestation and thereafter decreases steadily until maturity. There is some evidence of a further decrease at a much lower rate during adulthood into old age, but the mechanisms behind it have never been studied. Development of FNA appears to be strongly influenced by mechanical forces experienced during everyday movements. This is evidenced by large differences in FNA in groups where movement is impaired, such as children born breech or individuals with neuromuscular conditions such as cerebral palsy. Several methods can be used to assess FNA, which may yield different values by up to 20° in the same participant. While MRI and CT are used clinically, limitations such as their cost, scanning time and exposure to ionising radiation limit their applicability in longitudinal and population studies, particularly in children. More broadly, applicable measures such as ultrasound and functional tests exist, but they are limited by poor reliability and validity. These issues highlight the need for a valid and reliable universally accepted method. Treatment for clinically problematic FNA is usually de‐rotational osteotomy; passive, non‐operative methods do not have any effect. Despite observational evidence for the effects of physical activity on FNA development, the efficacy of targeted physical activity remains unexplored. The aim of this review is to describe the biomechanical and clinical consequences of FNA, factors influencing FNA and the strengths and weaknesses of different methods used to assess FNA.
Two-Dimensional Theranostic Nanomaterials in Cancer Treatment: State of the Art and Perspectives

As the combination of therapies enhances the performance of biocompatible materials in cancer treatment, theranostic therapies are attracting increasing attention rather than individual approaches. In this review, we describe a variety of two-dimensional (2D) theranostic nanomaterials and their efficacy in ablating tumors. Though many literature reports are available to demonstrate the potential application of 2D nanomaterials, we have reviewed here cancer-treating therapies based on such multifunctional nanomaterials abstracting the content from literature works which explain both the in vitro and in vivo level of applications. In addition, we have included a discussion about the future direction of 2D nanomaterials in the field of theranostic cancer treatment.
DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION OF PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE GENES DURING ANTHOCYANIN SYNTHESIS AND BY TRANSFER EFFECT IN CARROT CELL SUSPENSION CULTURES

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL; EC 4.3.1.5) catalyses the first step in the phenylpropanoid pathway and is induced during differentiation and by various stimuli. In carrot (Daucus carota L. cv. Kurodagasun) suspension culture cells, PAL is slowly induced during anthocyanin synthesis which occurs in a medium lacking 2,4-dichlo-rophenoxyacetic acid and is also induced rapidly and transiently by transferring and diluting cells to fresh medium. Analyses of nucleotide sequences derived from PAL cDNAs revealed that the PAL mRNAs induced by transfer were transcribed from different carrot PAL genes than the PAL mRNAs induced during anthocyanin synthesis. Northern blotting using probes derived from 3’non-coding regions for PAL cDNAs confirmed that different PAL genes were induced during anthocyanin synthesis and after transfer. Induction of different PAL genes occurs in response to differences in the induction trigger.
Effect of Long-term Fasting on the Use of Fatty Acids as Trophic Markers in the Opossum Shrimp Mysis relicta—A Laboratory Study

ABSTRACT Fatty acids are potential trophic markers to trace feeding relationships in aquatic ecosystems primarily because lipid reserves of organisms broadly reflect dietary sources of lipids and can therefore provide information on the availability of key fatty acids in the food web. However, the use of fatty acids for such applications may be constrained by the degree to which the fatty acid composition of organisms is obscured by factors other than straightforward uptake from the diet. Thus, we studied the effect of long-term fasting, under controlled laboratory conditions, on the lipid content and fatty acid composition of field-caught Mysis relicta. Periods of 3 to 6 weeks are required to induce clear effects of fasting in M. relicta. Relative proportions of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) and arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4n-6) increased with decreasing lipid contents during fasting. DHA proportions in the total fatty acid composition of fasting M. relicta were significantly higher in comparison to field-caught animals. M. relicta with high proportions of DHA (> 25%) and with low lipid contents (< 14% of dry weight) can be clearly identified as fasting animals. Such thresholds will help to improve the validity of fatty acids in trophic studies.
Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Tables of Aphidius gifuensis (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Its Host Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) with Mathematical Proof of the Relationship Between Female Fecundity and the Net Reproductive Rate

Abstract Life history data for Aphidius gifuensis (Ashmead) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) were collected in the laboratory. To consider both sexes and variable developmental rates among individuals, the raw data were analyzed using the age-stage, two-sex life table. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) for A. gifuensis is 0.264 d−1. The mean parasitism rate is 92.3 aphids per female. The intrinsic rate of increase for M. persicae is 0.252 d−1. For applying the female age-specific life table to a female population, we prove that the relationship between the mean female fecundity (F) and the net reproductive rate (R0) is R0 = saF, where sa is the preadult survival rate. When the female age-specific life table is applied to two-sex populations, the relationship between F and R0 is R0 = sawF, where sa is the preadult survival rate of females, and w is the female proportion in offspring. This is valid when w is a constant for the age-specific fecundity (mx) of all ages. Because sexing preadult individuals is difficult, and obtaining a constant sex ratio in offspring is uncertain, determining preadult mortality of the individual sexes may be problematical. As a result, calculations of the age-specific survival rate (lx) and fecundity and population parameters may be adversely affected. Moreover, if lx and mx are constructed based on adult age, they may also cause errors in population parameters. Because the application of female age-specific life table to stage-structured bisexual population results in inaccuracies, we recommend that the age-stage, two-sex life table should be used in insect demographic studies.
Book Reviews

The central theme of this challenging book is an examination of the educational, or otherwise, experiences available to the Children of Alcoholics. From the very first words of Chapter 1 it is clear that Leslie Nissen speaks with the authority of one who was and is defined by her childhood as a child and carer of an alcoholic mother who constantly sought a ‘cure’ for her state by moving to new homes in different places; seeking the heterotopias that would provide the means and circumstances for a contradictory life free from addiction and all the social, psychological, financial and personal mess that is a part of addiction. This book is truly a life changing read, written at times with a pacey writing style blended with a reflective personal diary narrative all combined with detailed research and an impressive list of references. The passion of the writing draws the reader’s attention to the full implication of ‘the geographic cure’ always moving on to a better place, and the need to address present educational philosophical views of educational provision with psychoanalysis within curriculum theory.
The State of Health Care Quality Measurement in the Era of COVID-19: The Importance of Doing Better.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted a number of strengths and weaknesses in the US health care system. One strength is the incredible efforts and dedication of health care workers focused on providing the best care possible to patients, even in the most challenging of working conditions. But the data needed to understand the quality of the care being delivered to patients during this pandemic have proven difficult to obtain. As a result, there is a lack of information that would help clinicians improve care delivery in the moment and learn for the future. This situation highlights how the current approach to quality and safety measurement remains too labor intensive, contains significant data lags, and lacks sufficient standardization that allows for rapid sharing of data. As preparations for the pandemic increased, it became readily apparent that many approaches for measuring quality across the US health care system were not going to be sustainable. In March 2020, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) announced the granting of wide and sweeping
Floral development and breeding systems of Dryandra sessilis and Grevillea wilsonii (Proteaceae)

Dryandra sessilis (Knight) Domin. and Grevillea wilsonii A.Cunn. co-occur on lateritic soils in the jarrah forest of Western Australia, with their flowering seasons overlapping for several months during winter and spring. Both species are protandrous, with pollen presentation occurring 1–2 days before the stigmas of individual flowers become receptive. Peak receptivity, as indicated by maximum peroxidase secretion, coincides with the maximum opening of stigmatic grooves for D. sessilis or maximum elevation of the stigmatic papillae in G. wilsonii. Pollinators such as western wattlebirds, New Holland honeyeaters and western spinebills almost exclusively visit flowers or inflorescences at times when large amounts of nectar are present, and when self-pollen is available for transfer or stigmas are receptive to the deposition of pollen. By foraging in this manner, yet still moving frequently between plants and inflorescences, honeyeaters that visit D. sessilis should guarantee an effective spread of pollen. The overall level of fruiting success achieved by this species is considerably higher than that for G. wilsonii, a species whose flowers are visited much less often than those of D. sessilis. Allozyme analysis, artificial pollination experiments and the calculation of pollen : ovule ratios indicate that D. sessilis is essentially an obligate outcrosser, at least in locations where plant densities are high, whereas G. wilsonii has a mixed mating system that allows it to set fruits as a consequence of either selfing or outcrossing. Potential fruit-set is low for both species, with post-zygotic incompatibility mechanisms mediated by the availability of nutritional resources thought to be at least partly responsible for the even lower levels of final fruit-set. Total fruit and seed production by individual plants is much greater for D. sessilis than for G. wilsonii, and possibly a reflection of differences in the regeneration requirements of the two species after environmental disturbance such as fire.
Population Genetics of Southern Flounder with Implications for Management

Abstract The southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma is a marine flatfish that ranges from North Carolina to the Yucatan Peninsula in the Gulf of Mexico. Management of southern flounder will be improved by proper delineation of management units based on genetic data. We used microsatellite DNA markers to determine how many populations exist across the species’ range and the geographic extent of those populations. Based on significant genetic divergence across loci (F CT = 0.035), two discrete populations of southern flounder occur. The populations inhabit the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean, with the boundary between them located in southern Florida, an area that is generally devoid of southern flounder. Within the Gulf of Mexico, there was little evidence of discrete populations but weak evidence for isolation by distance. These data indicate that specieswide management of southern flounder should account for the independent demographic entities in the Gulf and Atlantic and that local management str.
Phytochemical characterization of the Ziziphus joazeiro Mart. metabolites by UPLC-QTOF and antifungal activity evaluation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal and modulatory potential of the Ziziphus joazeiro bark and leaf extracts, both in isolation and in association with fluconazole, against resistant species from the Candida genus. Antifungal assays were used to determine the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the extract in isolation and in combination with fluconazole using the broth microdilution method and spectrophotometric readings, followed by verification of the minimum fungicidal concentration by solid medium subculture. According to the cell viability curve, both extracts inhibited fungal growth in a concentration dependent manner, in addition to showing inhibitory concentrations similar to fluconazole. However, the extracts behaved in a fungistatic manner with minimum inhibitory concentration > 8.19 mg/mL and IC50 values ranging from 0.450 mg/mL to 9 mg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration for both extracts decreased when in combination with fluconazole, with the AEL standing out against Candida albicans URM 4387, displaying an IC50 equal to that of fluconazole (0.002 mg/mL). Nevertheless, fluconazole antagonism was observed against the tested strains. Overall, the evaluation of both extracts against Candida spp. presented inhibitory concentration values greater than fluconazole. Moreover, despite these being chemically complex crude extracts, they did demonstrate antifungal effects and properties that concur with their ethno-biological aspect.
Mass production of nucleopolyhedrovirus of the satin moth Leucoma salicis [LesaNPV]

Nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) of the satin moth Leucoma (=Stilpnotia) salicis L. was pro- duced by infecting the larvae with the LesaNPV strain obtained from epizootic center in Katowice. The infected larvae were reared under laboratory, greenhouse and insectarium conditions. Because L. salicis can not be reared on a semi-synthetic food, the insects were maintained on natural products. Efficiency of the mass virus production depended on an insect growth stage, virus concentration and number of infected larvae in a rearing container. The fourth-instar larvae were the best for LesaNPV replication. Inoculation of younger larval stages (third instar stadium) provided less number of inclu- sion bodies (insects were dying sooner and did not meet their maximum body weight). On the con- trary inoculation of older stages (fifth and sixth instars) resulted in slower virus replication and low larva mortality. The virus concentration of 3 x 10 9 of inclusion bodies per container was the optimum inoculum for the mass virus production (double infection with the virus concentration of 1.5 x 10 9 inclusion bodies/1000 larvae). The larvae reared at high-density became more infected and it caused their earlier death and in consequences low virus efficiency. Rearing the insect at low density (less than 10 larvae per 1.0 L container) was conducive for both an increase of insect body mass and virus replication as well. The highest number of inclusion bodies per one larva (5.3 x 10 9
A novel scaling methodology to reduce the biases associated with missing data from commercial activity monitors

Background Commercial physical activity monitors have wide utility in the assessment of physical activity in research and clinical settings, however, the removal of devices results in missing data and has the potential to bias study conclusions. This study aimed to evaluate methods to address missingness in data collected from commercial activity monitors. Methods This study utilised 1526 days of near complete data from 109 adults participating in a European weight loss maintenance study (NoHoW). We conducted simulation experiments to test a novel scaling methodology (NoHoW method) and alternative imputation strategies (overall/individual mean imputation, overall/individual multiple imputation, Kalman imputation and random forest imputation). Methods were compared for hourly, daily and 14-day physical activity estimates for steps, total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) and time in physical activity categories. In a second simulation study, individual multiple imputation, Kalman imputation and the NoHoW method were tested at different positions and quantities of missingness. Equivalence testing and root mean squared error (RMSE) were used to evaluate the ability of each of the strategies relative to the true data. Results The NoHoW method, Kalman imputation and multiple imputation methods remained statistically equivalent (p<0.05) for all physical activity metrics at the 14-day level. In the second simulation study, RMSE tended to increase with increased missingness. Multiple imputation showed the smallest RMSE for Steps and TDEE at lower levels of missingness (<19%) and the Kalman and NoHoW methods were generally superior for imputing time in physical activity categories. Conclusion Individual centred imputation approaches (NoHoW method, Kalman imputation and individual Multiple imputation) offer an effective means to reduce the biases associated with missing data from activity monitors and maximise data retention.
Comparison of the Oxford Sleep Resistance Test and the Multiple Sleep Latency Test

Objective: The Oxford Sleep Resistance Test (OSLER) consists of four tests over 40 min conducted in a dark and quiet room. If a dim light flashes the patient has to briefly depress a button and then press it again immediately, which indicates that the patient resists sleep. The Maintenance of Wakefulness test (MWT) is another test to assess the ability to maintain wakefulness. Previous studies found a good correlation between the sleep latencies measured with the Osler and the MWT. The most widely used Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) measures the propensity to fall asleep and not the inability to stay awake. Up to this date there have been no studies comparing the Osler and the MSLT, which is the aim of the study presented here. Approach: After a night of polysomnography we investigated the sleep latencies the following day with the Osler and the MSLT in 43 patients suffering from moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (33 men and 10 women; median age 59 years; median apnea hypopnea index 30.5 per hour sleep). We analysed the correlation between these two tests and between values in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) and these two tests. Main results: We did not find a correlation between the Osler and the MSLT nor between these two tests and the questionnaires (ESS, KSS). The only significant correlation was found between the mean MSLT latency and the sleep onset latency in the polysomnography the night before. Seven patients stayed awake during the Osler and showed a decreased mean sleep latency in the MSLT. Significance. The Osler, the MSLT and the questionnaires measure different objective and subjective aspects of sleepiness. In untreated OSA patients an increased propensity to fall asleep was not automatically associated with the inability to stay awake.