Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reconciling Theory and Evidence

We analyze the effects of demographic change on mediumand long-run economic growth by setting forth an R&D-based growth model including an endogenous demographic structure. The model framework is consistent with the experience of industrialized countries, where declines in mortality are associated with even faster declines in fertility such that population growth slows down. We show that, in response to demographic change, technological progress and economic growth accelerate in the medium run but slow down in the long run. Numerical investigation reveals that the time period during which technological progress and economic growth are faster than without demographic change can be very long. Since the theoretical predictions for the medium run are consistent with the negative association between population growth and economic growth found in the empirical literature, the present framework can reconcile R&D-based growth theory with the available evidence. JEL classification: J11, J13, O30, O41
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title Identifying chemicals of concern in hydraulic fracturing fluids used for oil production Permalink

Chemical additives used for hydraulic fracturing and matrix acidizing of oil reservoirs were reviewed and priority chemicals of concern needing further environmental risk assessment, treatment demonstration, or evaluation of occupational hazards were identified. We evaluated chemical additives used for well stimulation in California, the third largest oil producing state in the USA, by the mass and frequency of use, as well as toxicity. The most frequently used chemical additives in oil development were gelling agents, cross-linkers, breakers, clay control agents, iron and scale control agents, corrosion inhibitors, biocides, and various impurities and product stabilizers used as part of commercial mixtures. Hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids, used for matrix acidizing and other purposes, were reported infrequently. A large number and mass of solvents and surface active agents were used, including quaternary ammonia compounds (QACs) and nonionic surfactants. Acute toxicity was evaluated and many chemicals with low hazard to mammals were identified as potentially hazardous to aquatic environments. Based on an analysis of quantities used, toxicity, and lack of adequate hazard evaluation, QACs, biocides, and corrosion inhibitors were identified as priority chemicals of concern that deserve further investigation. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ANN-GA hybrid methodology based optimization study for microbial production of CoQ10

1. Abstract Ubiquinone-10 also known as CoQ10 is a potent antioxidant which is found at membrane-bound electron transport system and has a wide range of therapeutic use. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to implement fermentation process optimization for production of CoQ10 by using Pseudomonas diminuta NCIM 2865. Methods: Significant medium components with respect to CoQ10 production were identified using PlackettBurman design wherein their interaction was studied using response surface methodology (RSM). CoQ10 production increased considerably from 10.8 to 18.57 mg/l when fermentation was carried out in RSM optimised medium. Further, production of CoQ10 was increased by using the predictive results of ANN-GA (artificial neural network and genetic algorithm) hybrid method. Results and Conclusions: This increased the yield of CoQ10 18.57 to 27.9 mg/l. The experimental study using ANN-GA based optimized medium condition in the presence of carrot juice as precursor for the CoQ10 production reported as yield of 34.4 mg/l, quite high compared to the earlier studies.
Natural Language Processing Issues in Social Computing

The three fundamental issues in natural language processing (NLP), namely word segmentation, named entity recognition or keyword extraction, and semantic relation extraction are formalized to serve the task of knowledge map generation and social media text understanding. The extreme growth of social media text can be a useful source for tracking the social interests. The results can be served not only to observe the social movement but also to prevent the undesired situation. The paper introduces a set of approaches and shows their effectiveness in creating a meaningful set of knowledge in terms of knowledge map, and analyzing the social media text collected from Twitter to understand the social movement at a specific moment.
digestibility of moist , large rectangular bales of alfalfa-orchardgrass hay treated with a propionic acid-based preservative 1

Unstable weather, poor drying conditions, and unpredictable rainfall events often place valuable hay crops at risk. Recent research with large round bales composed of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) has shown that these large-bale packages are particularly sensitive to spontaneous heating and dry matter (DM) losses, as well as other undesirable changes with respect to forage fiber, protein, and energy density. Various formulations of organic acids have been marketed as preservatives, normally for use on hays that are not desiccated adequately in the field to facilitate safe bale storage. Our objectives for this study were to (1) evaluate the efficacy of applying a commercial (buffered) propionic acid-based preservative at 3 rates (0, 0.6, and 1.0% of wet-bale weight) to hays baled at 3 moisture concentrations (19.6, 23.8, and 27.4%) on the subsequent storage characteristics and poststorage nutritive value of alfalfa-orchardgrass forages packaged in large rectangular (285-kg) bales, and then (2) evaluate the in vivo digestibility of these hays in growing lambs. Over a 73-d storage period, the preservative was effective at limiting spontaneous heating in these hays, and a clear effect of application rate was observed for the wettest (27.4%) bales. For drier hays, both acid-application rates (1.0 and 0.6%) yielded comparable reductions in heating degree days >30°C relative to untreated controls. Reductions in spontaneous heating could not be associated with improved recovery of forage DM after storage. In this study, most changes in nutritive value during storage were related to measures of spontaneous heating in simple linear regression relationships; this suggests that the modest advantages in nutritive value resulting from acid treatment were largely associated with perturbations of normal heating patterns during bale storage. Although somewhat erratic, apparent digestibilities of both DM (Y = −0.0080x + 55.6; R = 0.45) and organic matter (Y = −0.0085x + 55.5; R = 0.53) evaluated in growing lambs were also directly related to heating degree days in simple linear relationships. Based on these data, applying propionic acid-based preservatives to large rectangular bales is likely to provide good insurance against spontaneous heating during storage, as well as modest benefits with respect to nutritive value and digestibility.
Teaching Aboriginal Perspectives: An Investigation into Teacher Practices amidst Curriculum Change.

This paper reports on a study exploring ways in which five experienced teachers interpreted and responded to a curricular initiative in Alberta calling for teachers to help students see social studies through multiple perspective lenses representing Aboriginal (and Francophone) communities. Over the course of the study, which focused primarily on how the research participants integrated Aboriginal perspectives in their teaching, the teachers generally interpreted and practiced the teaching of multiple perspectives as providing students with alternative viewpoints on contemporary issues. Of note were teachers’ resistances to affording room for Aboriginal perspectives, and a general absence of engagements with these perspectives in the classroom. I argue that these resistances may stem from the legacy of a collective memory project that has worked to foster a historical consciousness that makes it hard to perceive, as well as acknowledge the relevance of engaging ‘Other’ perspectives. In response, I draw attention to perspectives unique to Aboriginal traditions and communities and then offer possibilities for how teachers could alternatively conceptualize and take up this curricular mandate.
Evaluating Research Novelty Detection: Counterfactual Approaches

In this paper, we explore strategies to evaluate models for the task research paper novelty detection: Given all papers released at a given date, which of the papers discuss new ideas and influence future research? We find the novelty is not a singular concept, and thus inherently lacks of ground truth annotations with cross-annotator agreement, which is a major obstacle in evaluating these models. Test-of-time award is closest to such annotation, which can only be made retrospectively and is extremely scarce. We thus propose to compare and evaluate models using counterfactual simulations. First, we ask models if they can differentiate papers at time t and counterfactual paper from future time t+d. Second, we ask models if they can predict test-of-time award at t+d. These are proxies that can be agreed by human annotators and easily augmented by correlated signals, using which evaluation can be done through four tasks: classification, ranking, correlation and feature selection. We show these proxy evaluation methods complement each other regarding error handling, coverage, interpretability, and scope, and thus altogether contribute to the observation of the relative strength of existing models.
The usefulness of Tomosynthesis with Flat Panel detector in detection of retained surgical needles : Comparison with MDCT and Digital Radiography

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The importance of social networks to inform and support farmers about adaptation strategies regarding climate change in Côte d’Ivoire

III Résumé . IV Acknowledgement . V Table of contents . VI List of tables . VIII List of figures . VIII Abbreviations . IX 1 Introduction . 1 State of knowledge . 1 1.1 Objectives and research questions . 2 1.2 Structure of the report . 2 1.3 2 Background: Côte d’Ivoire . 3 Natural context . 3 2.1 2.1.1 Climate and biotopes . 3 2.1.2 Climate change . 4 Social context . 5 2.2 2.2.1 Historical context . 5 2.2.2 Demography and Economy . 6 2.2.3 Agriculture and Rural world . 8 2.2. 4 Institutional setup . 9 Description of the two study areas . 11 2.3 2.3.1 Toumodi . 12 2.3.2 Korhogo . 13 2.3.3 Climate change perception and adaptation . 13 3 Theoretical and Methodological Background . 15 Concepts of Social Network Analysis . 15 3.1 3.1.1 Actors level measures . 15 3.1.2 Global network measures . 15 3.1.3 Testing hypotheses and affiliations . 16 3.1. 4 SNA to analyze adaptive capacity to climate change . 16 Method . 17 3.2 3.2.1 Actors identification . 17 3.2.2 Questionnaire . 18 3.2.3 Data treatment and analysis . 18 Timeline . 19 3.3 4 Results . 20 Actors’ list . 20 4.1 4.1.1 Toumodi . 20 4.1.2 Korhogo . 20 4.1.3 National actors . 21 Analysis of networks . 21 4.2 4.2.1 Networks densities . 22 4.2.2 Centralizations . 22 4.2.3 Reciprocity of ties . 23 4.2. 4 Networks’ structure and cohesion . 23
Poverty and Income Distribution in a Cge-Household Micro-Simulation Model: Top-Down/Bottom Up Approach

This paper highlights the idea of combining CGE modeling with a micro-household model (micro-simulation) to generate a convergent solution, thus providing the basis to perform counterfactual analysis of trade and fiscal policies, and their impact on poverty. In recent years, a number of papers have presented differen approaches using CGE models to analyze poverty. Among them, the standard CGE models, which generates changes in the income of representative households in order to allow poverty analysis, albeit with no intra-group changes in the distribution; CGE models with high levels of household disaggregation (3200) and the micro-simulation approach to modeling (with no feedback effect to the CGE model). In this paper, we provide an alternative to these methods that allows a richer micro-household modeling than the first two approaches, while keeping the properties of standard CGE (feedback effect of household behavior) which is usually simplified in micro-simulation context. We also introduce segmented labor markets, with waiting unemployment, inspired by Magnac (1991), which provides a basis for important changes in household income (i.e. when a worker leaves unemployment or becomes unemployed). Global and decomposable poverty analysis and income distribution indicators are computed at base year and after a 50% reduction in trade.
OP-JEGJ120041 1..31

We identify the impact of local firm concentration on incumbent performance in a historic setting that has quasi-experimental characteristics. When Germany was divided after World War II, many firms in the machine tool industry fled the Soviet-occupied zone to prevent expropriation. We show that the regional location decisions of these firms upon moving to western Germany were driven by non-economic factors and heuristics rather than existing industrial conditions. Relocating firms increased the likelihood of incumbent failure in destination regions, a pattern that differs sharply from new entrants. We further provide evidence that these effects are due to increased competition for local resources.
- 1-Energy saving potential of green roofs in university buildings

Green roofs are living vegetation installed on roofs and can provide many environmental, economic and social benefits to the community. In recent years, green roofs have rapidly become a key green development tool and design features in many urban cities in the world and have been widely applied in academic institutions. This research aims to assess the energy saving potential of green roofs in university buildings and investigate the practical issues for the implementation. A field study was conducted to examine the buildings at the University of Hong Kong and evaluate the major factors and issues for green roof application. Building energy models were set up on EnergyPlus simulation software to analyze the thermal performance and energy saving potential of the green roofs. Usually, integrating green roofs into new buildings has less problems to handle. However, as existing buildings constitute a major portion of the building stock in the university campus, it is essential to develop green roofs for retrofit projects to achieve a larger impact. It is found that buildings with a higher air-conditioning demand and poor thermal insulation can benefit more from green roof in energy and economic aspects. Most energy savings come from cooling demand reduction in summer. The energy saving potential is affected by the building function, green roof type, leaf area density, plant height, irrigation rate and maintenance.
Sustainability of ‘mHealth’ interventions in sub- Saharan Africa: a stakeholder analysis of an electronic community case management project in Malawi

Background The global health community and funding agencies are currently engaged in ensuring that worthwhile research-based programmes are sustainable. Despite its importance, few studies have analysed the sustainability of global health interventions. In this paper, we aim to explore barriers and facilitators for the wider implementation and sustainability of a mobile health (mHealth) intervention (Supporting LIFE Community Case Management programme) in Malawi, Africa. Methods Between January and March 2017, a qualitative approach was used to carry out and analyse 13 in-depth semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders across all levels of healthcare provision in Malawi to explore their perceptions with regards to the implementation and sustainability of the mHealth programme. Data were analysed thematically by two reviewers. Results Overall, our analysis found that the programme was successful in achieving its goals. However, there are many challenges to the wider implementation and sustainability of this programme, including the absence of monetary resources, limited visibility outside the healthcare sector, the lack of integration with community-based and nationwide programmes, services and information and communication technologies, and the limited local capacity in relation to the maintenance, further development, and management. Conclusions Future developments should be aligned with the strategic goals and interests of the Ministry of Health and engage with national and international stakeholders to develop shared goals and strategies for nationwide scale-up. These developments should also focus on building local capacity by educating trainers and ensuring that training methods and guidelines are appropriately accredited based on national policies. Our findings provide a framework for a variety of stakeholders who are engaged in sustaining mHealth programmes in resource-poor settings and can be used to develop an evidence-based policy for the utilization of technology for healthcare delivery across developing countries.
ALGAL VEGETATIVE ACTIVITY IN THE UPPER JORDAN RIVER (NORTHERN ISRAEL): AN IN VITRO GLASS SLIDE EXPERIMENT

Algal vegetative activity and intensity of self pur ification processes were determined via a two stage in vitro artificial substrates (glass slides) occupation experiment, conducted during winter 2006- 2007 and summer 2007 in the streams of the Upper Jordan River Basin. Daily measurement of temperature, conductivity, mineralization and pH we re performed. Once a week algal species where identified, snd their Abundance (cells/cm 2 ), Cell volumes ( �m 3 /cm 2 ) and richness of species (taxa encountered/600 algal cells) tabulated for each tax on. Algal communities where richer in the summer in all stations and contained mainly Diatoms or Diatoms/green algae mix. Only the Banias station winter community was dominated by the green algae. Highest self-purification activity was observed during the summer in the upper part of the basin (Banias stati on). Species richness grew with anthropogenic influence and self-purification intensity. Self-pur ification proceeded faster in conditions of high temperature and solar radiation. The Shannon index positively correlated with species richness in both winter and summer experiments. The artificial colon ization of substrates by algae took 2-3 weeks; formation of small celled green algae encouraged by high temperatures and solar radiation conditions increased colonization speed in the summer. Statist ically significant factors influencing algal activi ty were found to be pH and Total Dissolved Solids concentration.
THE EFFECT OF PERCEPTUAL FLUENCY ON GOAL PURSUIT

THE EFFECT OF PERCEPTUAL FLUENCY ON GOAL PURSUIT By Carrie E. Hall Recent activation of a goal in the environment has been shown to produce non-conscious goal pursuit in a number of studies (e.g., Bargh, Gollwitzer, Lee-Chai, Barndollar, & Troetschel, 2001; Chartrand & Bargh, 1996; Fitzsimons & Bargh, 2003). In this work, I investigated the hypothesis that variations in the fluent processing of such recently activated goals might affect the magnitude of their impact on non-conscious goal pursuit activities. Specifically, I predicted that increases in the ease of goal prime processing would increase goal-pursuit behavior. This hypothesis was tested in two studies in which I investigated whether the fluent processing of a primed goal would influence signature goalpursuit characteristics: persistence in the face of obstacles and resumption after interruption. In Study 1, participants were (1) primed with an achievement goal using a technique that facilitated its fluent processing; (2) primed with an achievement goal using a technique that reduced its fluent processing; or (3) were primed with no goal. Later, participants were given an opportunity to persist at an achievement-related task. In Study 2, participants were primed with an achievement goal or not, in a way that either facilitated the prime’s fluent processing or not, and then all participants were given the opportunity to resume an achievement-related task following its interruption. Despite findings from a pilot study showing that increases in goal processing fluency increased goal evaluation, neither study found an effect of goal processing fluency on actual goal-related behavior. Speculations on why these studies failed to produce the predicted outcomes will be discussed as well as directions for future investigations in this area. THE EFFECT OF PERCEPTUAL FLUENCY ON GOAL PURSUIT
The impact of stakeholder relations on the sustainability of tourism development. An Indonesian case study

Following the publication of the Brundtland Commission’s Our Common Future Report, the concept of sustainable tourism development became highly influential internationally. Yet, despite the concept being frequently discussed, what exactly it embodies has not been conclusively defined. What is generally agreed upon is, that in order for tourism to fulfill its positive potential, it must be meticulously managed and that the successful involvement of stakeholders in a destination plays a key role in this process (Gunn & Var, 2002). This thesis sets out to illustrate on the example of the destination Tanjung Puting National Park in Kalimantan, Indonesia, how the vagueness of the concept “sustainable tourism development” impacts the involvement of stakeholders and how these dynamics in turn influence the overall sustainability of touristic development in the destination. It comes to the conclusion that a lack of competent leadership in the developmental process results in an unbalanced power distribution between the stakeholders. As a result, not all stakeholders can equally contribute to the process, thereby effectively preventing a holistically sustainable touristic development. The solution proposed is the build-up of an efficient leadership-instance and the promotion of the ‘five vital elements’ of stakeholder involvement named by Nicodemus (2004) and Susskind and Cruikshank (2001).