Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating Social Influence from Observational Data

We consider the problem of estimating social influence, the effect that a person's behavior has on the future behavior of their peers. The key challenge is that shared behavior between friends could be equally explained by influence or by two other confounding factors: 1) latent traits that caused people to both become friends and engage in the behavior, and 2) latent preferences for the behavior. This paper addresses the challenges of estimating social influence with three contributions. First, we formalize social influence as a causal effect, one which requires inferences about hypothetical interventions. Second, we develop Poisson Influence Factorization (PIF), a method for estimating social influence from observational data. PIF fits probabilistic factor models to networks and behavior data to infer variables that serve as substitutes for the confounding latent traits. Third, we develop assumptions under which PIF recovers estimates of social influence. We empirically study PIF with semi-synthetic and real data from Last.fm, and conduct a sensitivity analysis. We find that PIF estimates social influence most accurately compared to related methods and remains robust under some violations of its assumptions.
NAD(P)H OSCILLATES IN POLLEN TUBES AND IS CORRELATED WITH TIP-GROWTH

: The location and changes in NAD(P)H have been monitored during oscillatory growth in pollen tubes of lily using the endogenous fluorescence of the reduced coenzyme (excitation - 360 nm; emission - > 400 nm). The strongest signal resides 20-40 µ m behind the apex where mitochondria (stained with Mitotracker Green) accumulate. Measurements at 3 s intervals reveal that NAD(P)H-dependent fluorescence oscillates during oscillatory growth. Cross correlation analysis indicates that the peaks follow growth maxima by 7-11 s or 77-116 0 , whereas the troughs anticipate growth maxima by 5-10 s or 54-107 0 . We have focused on the troughs because they anticipate growth, and are as strongly correlated with growth as the peaks. Analysis of the signal in 10 µ m increments along the length of the tube indicates that the troughs are most advanced in the extreme apex. However, this signal moves basipetally as a wave, being in phase with growth rate oscillations at 50-60 µm from the apex. We suggest that the changes in fluorescence are due to an oscillation between the reduced (peaks) and oxidized (troughs) states of the coenzyme, and that an increase in the oxidized state (NAD(P) + ) may be coupled to the synthesis of ATP. We also show that diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), an inhibitor of NAD(P)H dehydrogenases, causes an increase in fluorescence, and a decrease in tube growth. Finally, staining with 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2’,7’-dichlorohydrofluorescein acetate (CM-H 2 DCFDA) indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are most abundant in the region where mitochondria accumulate and where NAD(P)H fluorescence is maximal.
Modeling Online Learning Performance with Biometrics: Current Study and Future Directions

As the number of students and faculty involved in online learning in recent decades has increased, we recognize that there is a limited understanding of how learners react, interact, behave, and are served by the various components in the information delivery processes. When learning online without an instructor present in real-time, we need to understand the role of the learners’ cognitive load, emotions, and visual attention. This paper describes an experiment examining how engagement, cognitive load and visual attention mediate the effect of data representations and highlighting on learning performance. The results showed that in addition to tabular representations, highlighting significantly increased visual attention and decreased cognitive load, which was related to better learning performance.
Push-Poke: Collision based Direct Manipulation Technique for Plane Alignment in Virtual Reality

Medical operation planning requires high precision due to the health risks involved. In virtual reality-based osteotomy operation planning, medical professionals would like to use their hands instead of the controllers for osteotomy plane manipulation. However, using hands as an input method in virtual reality is challenging due to noisy hand tracking. We explored the perceptual structure of precise plane manipulation by conducting a controlled experiment to compare: (1) separable Push-Poke which dynamically selects plane manipulation parameters, (2) separable custom axis with Control-Display gain widget which provides user to select object manipulation parameters, (3) integral pinch-based direct manipulation. The perceptual structure of hand-based plane manipulation techniques is composed of (1) integral and fast direct manipulation and (2) separable slow technique that dynamically selects manipulation parameters.
An Adaptive Scheme for Power-Related Measurements and Power-Factor Correction

Abstract This paper presents a fast, low cost and accurate instrumentation scheme for power-related measurements and power-factor correction. These measurements include the root-mean-square values of current and voltage, the active and reactive powers, the total harmonic distortion and the true power factor. It is a microcontroller-based digital sampling system which runs a fast algorithm for displacement power factor measurement. The controlling system monitors and senses any variations in power factor, and accordingly switches the appropriate capacitor combination across the load. The scheme presents an economical and efficient solution to the power distribution companies for its customers.
E-course Data in Learner Formative Assessment. Case Study ∗

The purpose of the case study is to substantiate the e-course data utilising methodology for students’ autonomous learning actions support. The principles of e-course data extraction and application are associated with e-course speciﬁc instructional proﬁle in line with interaction techniques and digital resources. The proposed approach involves the correlation of the e-course instructional proﬁle and feasible LMS data sources for subsequent reﬂection in the student’s action proﬁle. A student’s reﬂective comprehension of his personal actions proﬁle at the learning process deﬁnite stages implies an eﬀective formative assessment practice. The ﬁrst results of teaching technique implementation are discussed based on the collected action proﬁles review and student feedback.
Unsupervised Approaches for Textual Semantic Annotation

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TRAIL Score: A Simple Model to Predict Immunochemotherapy Tolerability in Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

PURPOSE Rituximab with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (R-CHOP) represents the standard of care for first-line treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, many patients are unable to tolerate R-CHOP and have inferior outcomes. This study aimed to develop a practical tool to help physicians identify patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL unlikely to tolerate a full course of R-CHOP. METHODS We developed a predictive model (Tolerability of R-CHOP in Aggressive Lymphoma [TRAIL]) on the basis of a training data set from the phase III GOYA trial (obinutuzumab with CHOP v R-CHOP in 1L DLBCL) using a composite binary end point, identifying patients who prematurely stopped or required reductions of R-CHOP. Candidate predictive variables were selected on the basis of known baseline characteristics that contribute to patient frailty, comorbidity, and/or chemotherapy toxicity. TRAIL was developed using an iterative trial-and-error modeling process to fit a logistic regression model. The final model was evaluated for robustness using a GOYA holdout data set and the phase III MAIN (R-CHOP with or without bevacizumab in 1L DLBCL) R-CHOP-21 data set as external validation. RESULTS TRAIL includes four simple predictors available in the routine clinical setting: Charlson Comorbidity Index, presence of cardiovascular disease or diabetes, serum albumin, and creatinine clearance. Model generalization performance estimated by the area under the curve was around or above 0.70 across GOYA training, GOYA holdout, and MAIN data sets. Classifying patients into low-, intermediate- and high-risk categories, the proportion of patients experiencing a tolerability event was 3.3%, 12.4%, and 32.9%, respectively, in GOYA holdout, and 9.7%, 9.7%, and 34.2%, respectively, in MAIN. CONCLUSION TRAIL may be useful as a clinical decision support tool for treatment decisions in patients with DLBCL who may not tolerate standard chemoimmunotherapies. TRAIL - A simple model to predict R-CHOP toxicity was developed, the TRAIL score, consisting of the following routinely collected clinical labs and medical history
A New Model to Simulate Human Facial Appearance, Accurately, and Realistically, across Age and Ethnicity

Background: The human population is aging globally, and there is significant, growing interest in modeling and simulating facial appearance. Methods: The authors describe a new means to model and simulate aging in facial images, using an approach based entirely on 3D whole-face data collected from 1250 female subjects, across 5 ethnicities, ages 10–80. Results: Three models were built, each describing changes with age within each ethnic group, namely shape, color, and topography. These three models were used to build a simulation able to age or de-age a 2D image of a female subject’s face, with a degree of accuracy and realism not achievable with previous approaches. Simulated images were validated by a cloud-based age estimator. Conclusions: The authors have developed a new facial age simulation model, where the use of three submodels (shape, color and topography), built from acquired 3D data, provides both scientifically robust and realistic output. As the data were acquired across five of the world’s major ethnicities, this new model allows valuable insight into changes in the facial appearance of our aging global population.
Risk Assessment and Control of Wastewater Treatment Plant BOT Projects Based on AHP

Based on risk identification of wastewater treatment plant BOT projects,the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) was used to assess these risks from the point of view of different project participants.The main project risks were concluded,including risks in bidding and tendering,financing risk,network supporting risk and policy modification risk.The control measures for the risks were discussed.
Mitigating Initial Orthostatic Hypotension: Mechanistic Roles of Muscle Contraction Versus Sympathetic Activation

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Initial orthostatic hypotension (IOH) is defined by a large drop in blood pressure (BP) within 15 s of standing. IOH often presents during an active stand, but not with a passive tilt, suggesting that a muscle activation reflex involving lower body muscles plays an important role. To our knowledge, there is no literature exploring how sympathetic activation affects IOH. We hypothesized involuntary muscle contractions before standing would significantly reduce the drop in BP seen in IOH while increasing sympathetic activity would not. Methods: Study participants performed 4 sit-to-stand maneuvers including a mental stress test (serial 7 mental arithmetic stress test), cold pressor test, electrical stimulation, and no intervention. Continuous heart rate and beat-to-beat BP were measured. Cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance were estimated from these waveforms. Data are presented as mean±SD. Results: A total of 23 female IOH participants (31±8 years) completed the study. The drops in systolic BP following the serial 7 mental arithmetic stress test (−26±12 mm Hg; P=0.004), cold pressor test (−20±15 mm Hg; P<0.001), and electrical stimulation (−28±12 mm Hg; P=0.01) were significantly reduced compared with no intervention (−34±11 mm Hg). The drops in systemic vascular resistance following the serial 7 mental arithmetic stress test (−391±206 dyne×s/cm5; P=0.006) and cold pressor test (−386±179 dyne×s/cm5; P=0.011) were significantly reduced compared with no intervention (−488±173 dyne×s/cm5). Cardiac output was significantly increased upon standing (7±2 L/min) compared with during the sit (6±1 L/min; P<0.001) for electrical stimulation. Conclusion: Sympathetic activation mitigates the BP response in IOH, while involuntary muscle contraction mitigates the BP response and reduces symptoms. Active muscle contractions may induce both of these mechanisms of action in their pretreatment of IOH. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials. gov; Unique identifier: NCT03970551.
Mutant PPM1D- and TP53-Driven Hematopoiesis Populates the Hematopoietic Compartment in Response to Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy

PURPOSE Hematologic toxic effects of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) can be permanent. Patients with underlying clonal hematopoiesis (CH) may be more inclined to develop hematologic toxicity after PRRT. However, this association remains understudied. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated pre- and post-PRRT blood samples of patients with neuroendocrine tumors. After initial screening, 13 cases of interest were selected. Serial blood samples were obtained on 4 of 13 patients. Genomic DNA was analyzed using a 100-gene panel. A variant allele frequency cutoff of 1% was used to call CH. RESULT Sixty-two percent of patients had CH at baseline. Persistent cytopenias were noted in 64% (7 of 11) of the patients. Serial sample analysis demonstrated that PRRT exposure resulted in clonal expansion of mutant DNA damage response genes (TP53, CHEK2, and PPM1D) and accompanying cytopenias in 75% (3 of 4) of the patients. One patient who had a normal baseline hemogram and developed persistent cytopenias after PRRT exposure showed expansion of mutant PPM1D (variant allele frequency increased to 20% after exposure from < 1% at baseline). In the other two patients, expansion of mutant TP53, CHEK2, and PPM1D clones was also noted along with cytopenia development. CONCLUSION The shifts in hematopoietic clonal dynamics in our study were accompanied by emergence and persistence of cytopenias. These cytopenias likely represent premalignant state, as PPM1D-, CHEK2-, and TP53-mutant clones by themselves carry a high risk for transformation to therapy-related myeloid neoplasms. Future studies should consider CH screening and longitudinal monitoring as a key risk mitigation strategy for patients with neuroendocrine tumors receiving PRRT. PRRT exposure leads to mutant TP53, CHEK2 and PPM1D expansion in blood, contributing to prolonged cytopenias.
Application of Multimodal Imaging Biomarker in the Differential Diagnosis of Ovarian Mass

Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Purpose The aim is to investigate the diagnostic performance of multimodal imaging with 18F-FDG PET/CT, MRI, and contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) in cases with unilateral or bilateral ovarian mass without ancillary findings of malignancy. Methods Retrospectively, 307 patients who had unilateral or bilateral ovarian masses and underwent preoperative FDG PET/CT and/or MRI/CECT were included. The criterion standard for the ovarian mass was the final pathology. The peak standardized uptake value (SULpeak) among benign tumors (BTs), borderline ovarian tumors (BoTs), and malignant ovarian tumors (MTs) were compared. The cutoff value of SULpeak to discriminate between BT/BoT and MT was determined from the training (n = 200) and validation (n = 131) cohorts. Diagnostic performances of SULpeak, Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting Data System (O-RADS) MRI score, CECT findings, and combination of multimodal imagings were analyzed. Results SULpeak of MT was significantly higher than that of BT or BoT (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in SULpeak between BT and BoT (P = 0.147). The cutoff value of SULpeak for discriminating between BT/BoT and MT was 1.76 (sensitivity, 87.0%; specificity, 83.0%). Diagnostic performance for BT/BoT versus MT of O-RADS MRI, CECT, FDG PET/CT plus O-RADS MRI score, and FDG PET/CT plus CECT yielded the respective sensitivities of 100%, 94%, 95%, and 82%, and specificities of 43%, 46%, 88%, and 91%, respectively. Conclusions Multimodal imaging biomarkers including FDG PET/CT and MR/CECT could provide additional information to differentiate ovarian masses.
Bivalirudin in Primary PCI: Can Its Glory Being Restored?

Abstract Intravenous anticoagulant therapy is critical to prevent ischemic recurrences and complications without increasing the risk of bleeding in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). It includes the indirect thrombin inhibitor heparins and the direct thrombin inhibitor bivalirudin. However, the ideal anticoagulant for patients undergoing PPCI remains controversial. In this review, we provide an overview of currently available anticoagulant therapies used in STEMI patients undergoing PPCI, including describing the rationale for their use, pivotal clinical trial data, and treatment recommendations of guidelines, providing much-needed clarity to guide the selection of the safest and most effective anticoagulant regimens for PPCI.
Towards a Recommender System for the Choice of UDC Code for Mathematical Articles (short paper)

Authors of scientific papers in the field of mathematics usually use the universal decimal classification scheme to search for related articles. UDC is a hierarchical classification scheme that allows librarians and editors to specify one or more codes for publications. Typically, the classification code identifies a subject editor who is responsible for the review process for articles submitted to scientific journals. In this article, we will explore a new approach to assigning UDC code for mathematical work, based on the OntoMathPRO ontology. This ontology is an applied ontology for the automatic processing of professional mathematical articles in Russian and English. An ontology defines concepts commonly used in mathematics, as well as an evolving and poorly established vocabulary extracted from contemporary scientific articles. OntoMath-PRO covers a wide range of areas of mathematics such as number theory, set theory, algebra, analysis, geometry, computation theory, differential equations, numerical analysis, probability theory, and statistics. Each class has a textual explanation, Russian and English inscriptions, including synonyms. We investigated a set of classification functions, which are presented as ontology concepts, and identified the most relevant ones for constructing code maps of some UDC codes in the field of mathematics. We found that the code maps of the considered UDC codes can be built on the basis of the selected features (method, equation, problem). The values of these features are determined using the OntoMathPRO ontology. The constructed code maps allow for successfully assigning the considered UDC codes for publications.
Mucosal immunity in primary sclerosing cholangitis: from the bowel to bile ducts and back again

Purpose of review In this article, we provide a contemporary overview on PSC pathogenesis, with a specific focus on the role of mucosal immunity. Recent findings The extent of enteric dysbiosis in PSC has been extensively quantified, with evidence of reduced bacterial diversity and enrichment of species capable of driving lymphocyte recruitment from the gut to the liver. Integrative pathway-based analysis and metagenomic sequencing indicate a reduction in butyrate-producing species, near absence of bacteria that activate the nuclear bile acid receptor FXR, and depletion of species that regulate the synthesis of vitamin B6 and branched-chain amino acids. Immunotyping of the cellular inflammatory infiltrate has identified a population of intrahepatic naive T cells, with tendency to acquire a Th17 polarisation state, paralleled by heightened responses to pathogen stimulation. Moreover, the search for antigen specificity has revealed the presence of overlapping nucleotide clonotypes across the gut and liver, highlighting the ability to recognize a common pool of epitopes bearing structural similarities across afflicted sites. Summary Understanding the complex mechanisms that underpin mucosal immune responses between the liver and gut will help identify new druggable targets in PSC, centring on gut microbial manipulation, bile acid therapies, and restoration of immune homeostasis.
DETERMINANTS OF SHARING TRAVEL VIDEOS IN SOCIAL MEDIA

The vast amount of information available on all social media platforms influences traveler's destination choice. The growth of these platforms has made it easy for travelers and destination management organizations to share content in many forms. Video content has gained faster popularity and is being researched by many. Live streaming is made possible through platforms like Facebook Live, YouTube Live, Instagram Live, etc., which is the latest trend in video sharing. This study is proposed to examine why travelers post videos about their travel on social media. A conceptual framework based on the social influence theory is proposed to determine the behavior of travelers who post or share travel videos online. Understanding the effects of travel videos on all social media platforms could influence any traveler to promptly decide their travel choice and make it easy for organizations to market their destination in this digital world. The three concepts of the social influence theory help in categorizing the travelers based on how they perceive the videos as they decide to share them online. Therefore, this can help travel organizations gain an understanding of how to stimulate travel video sharing in social media. Index Terms Travel video-sharing, social influence theory, destination choice, social media influence.