Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bayesian Additive Regression Trees: A Review and Look Forward

Bayesian additive regression trees (BART) provides a flexible approach to fitting a variety of regression models while avoiding strong parametric assumptions. The sum-of-trees model is embedded in a Bayesian inferential framework to support uncertainty quantification and provide a principled approach to regularization through prior specification. This article presents the basic approach and discusses further development of the original algorithm that supports a variety of data structures and assumptions. We describe augmentations of the prior specification to accommodate higher dimensional data and smoother functions. Recent theoretical developments provide justifications for the performance observed in simulations and other settings. Use of BART in causal inference provides an additional avenue for extensions and applications. We discuss software options as well as challenges and future directions.
On Maximization of Weakly Modular Functions: Guarantees of Multi-stage Algorithms, Tractability, and Hardness

Maximization of {\it non-submodular} functions appears in various scenarios, and many previous works studied it based on some measures that quantify the closeness to being submodular. On the other hand, many practical non-submodular functions are actually close to being {\it modular}, which has been utilized in few studies. In this paper, we study cardinality-constrained maximization of {\it weakly modular} functions, whose closeness to being modular is measured by {\it submodularity} and {\it supermodularity ratios}, and reveal what we can and cannot do by using the weak modularity. We first show that guarantees of multi-stage algorithms can be proved with the weak modularity, which generalize and improve some existing results, and experiments confirm their effectiveness. We then show that weakly modular maximization is {\it fixed-parameter tractable} under certain conditions; as a byproduct, we provide a new time--accuracy trade-off for $\ell_0$-constrained minimization. We finally prove that, even if objective functions are weakly modular, no polynomial-time algorithms can improve the existing approximation guarantees achieved by the greedy algorithm.
Nutrition Assessment and Management of Elderly Dialysis Patients

Older adults are the fastest growing segment of the US dialysis population with about 50% of the patients older than 65 years. This trend is expected to increase as the US population ages and as survival on dialysis improves. There are many challenges for dietitians who are responsible for assessing and managing the nutritional status of elderly dialysis patients. This article addresses these issues and identifies the risk factors associated with poor nutritional status in elderly dialysis patients. In addition, the methods used to assess and manage the nutritional status of this cohort and the nutrient requirements for optimizing nutritional status are presented.
SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL(SCIENCE SERIES) Qualitative Examination of Phytochemicals from some Indiginous Medicinal Plants

The entire world is blessed with medicinal plants. The medicinal plants are strongly used as major bio- source of modern synthetic drugs, because these are beneficial for the society, indeed to mankind related medicinal field. Today health is considered as one of the major issue that is herbal drugs. In the present study four traditionally used medicinal plants, belonging to different families were carried out. The test were performed using four different solvent such as, Ethanol, methanol, chloroform and aqueous extract respectively. The test revealed that the presence phytochemicals such as Alkaloids, saponins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, carbohydrates, amino acids and proteins in the medicinal plants extract. Present study was designed to identify the sources and accurate information regarding the active components of medicinal plants and also to enhance awareness about these medicinal plants to public and private sector.
Pump-triple sum-frequency-probe spectroscopy of transition metal dichalcogenides

Triple sum-frequency (TSF) spectroscopy measures multidimensional spectra by resonantly exciting multiple quantum coherences of vibrational and electronic states. In this work we demonstrate pump-TSF-probe spectroscopy in which a pump excites a sample and some time later three additional electric fields generate a probe field which is measured. We demonstrate pump-TSF-probe spectroscopy on polycrystalline, smooth, thin films and spiral nanostructures of both MoS2 and WS2. The pump-TSF-probe spectra are qualitatively similar to the more conventional transient-reflectance spectra. While transient-reflectance sensitivity suffers under low surface coverage, pump-TSF-probe sensitivity is independent of the sample coverage and nanostructure morphologies. Our results demonstrate that pump-TSF-probe is a valuable methodology for studying microscopic material systems.
Classificação Digital do Uso e Cobertura da Terra na Amazônia com Base em Dados Orbitais ASTER (Digital Classification of Land Use and Land Cover in Amazonia Based on ASTER Orbital Data)

O sensoriamento remoto tem um papel fundamental no monitoramento do uso e cobertura da terra da Amazônia, pois permite obter informações históricas e atuais para um ambiente vasto e de difícil acesso. Projetos e estudos vêm sendo desenvolvidos a fim de mapear o uso e cobertura da terra na região, utilizando para tanto distintos sensores orbitais e métodos. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a dinâmica temporal do uso e cobertura da terra para uma área localizada no centro-leste do estado de Rondônia, com o uso de imagens do sensor ASTER/Terra e classificação supervisionada pelo algoritmo de Bhattacharya. Para tanto foram utilizadas duas imagens ASTER dos dias 29/07/2002 e 01/08/2003 referentes ao produto de reflectância da superfície (AST07XT). A classificação foi elaborada no programa SPRING 5.0. 6 e envolveu etapas de segmentação e coleta de amostras de treinamento e teste. Os resultados evidenciaram a intensa degradação da região no que diz respeito ao desmatamento. Verificou-se que as áreas de floresta primária e pastagem representam, respectivamente, ≈9% e ≈70% da área de estudo. Ainda, no período estudado houve uma supressão de 500,96 ha (≈6%) de áreas de floresta ombrófila aberta. As imagens do sensor ASTER apresentam potencial para estudos de uso e cobertura da terra na Amazônia em virtude, especialmente, de possuírem uma resolução espacial mínima mais refinada (15 m) que a dos sensores comumente usados na região. A B S T R A C T Remote sensing plays a key role in monitoring land use and land cover in the Amazon region, since it allows obtaining current and historical information about a large environment and of difficult access. Studies and projects have been developed to map land use and land cover in the region, using different methods and orbital sensors. The aim of this study was to analyse the temporal dynamics of land use and land cover for an area located in the central-eastern part of Rondônia state, using ASTER/Terra images and supervisioned digital classification using Bhattacharya algorithm. For that, two ASTER images of the days 07/29/2002 and 08/01/2003 referring to the product of surface reflectance (AST07XT) were used. The classification was processed in the software SPRING 5.0. 6 and involved steps of image segmentation and collection of test and training samples. The results showed intense degradation due to deforestation in the region. It was verified that in the study area primary rainforest and pasture land represent 9% and 70%, respectively. Moreover, during the study period, there was suppression of 501.0 ha (≈6%) of the primary rainforest areas. The ASTER images have potential for land use and land cover studies in the Amazon region due especially to its finer minimum spatial resolution (15 m) than those sensors commonly used in the region. Keywords: deforestation, Amazon rainforest, temporal analysis, remote sensing, Terra satellite.
Nonlinear generalization of the monotone single index model

Single index model is a powerful yet simple model, widely used in statistics, machine learning, and other scientific fields. It models the regression function as $g( )$, where a is an unknown index vector and x are the features. This paper deals with a nonlinear generalization of this framework to allow for a regressor that uses multiple index vectors, adapting to local changes in the responses. To do so we exploit the conditional distribution over function-driven partitions, and use linear regression to locally estimate index vectors. We then regress by applying a kNN type estimator that uses a localized proxy of the geodesic metric. We present theoretical guarantees for estimation of local index vectors and out-of-sample prediction, and demonstrate the performance of our method with experiments on synthetic and real-world data sets, comparing it with state-of-the-art methods.
Neurotrauma: Management of Acute Head Injuries

Regardless of improved preventive measures, neurologic trauma, specifically head injuries, remains a common and often devastating occurrence. Each year, 1 million Americans (200-400 per 100,000) seek medical attention for acute head injuries, 27% of which are moderate or severe. [1-5] Head trauma results in approximately 70,000 deaths, 80,000 long-term disabilities, and 60,000 new seizure disorders each year. [1-5] These injuries most often occur in individuals who are 15-24 years old and are twice as common in men. [2,3] Causality is bimodal with vehicular accidents being most common in those under 25 years and falls in those over 75 years. [1,2,5] Nearly half involve intoxication with drugs or alcohol. [5,6]
Synthesis of TiO2hollow spheres using titanium tetraisopropoxide: fabrication of high efficiency dye sensitized solar cells with photoanodes of different nanocrystalline TiO2sub-layers

In this research TiO2 hollow spheres with different diameters were prepared using titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) as the TiO2 precursor. Carbon spheres with average sizes of 230, 325 and 450 nm were prepared as the templates by hydrothermal method. Then TiO2 was deposited on the surface of the carbon spheres through a liquid phase deposition (LPD) process. This two dimensional growth was performed in an appropriate concentration of TTIP and different LPD times. Finally the TiO2 hollow spheres were achieved for specific LPD times by burning the carbon templates. Two kinds of TiO2 nanocrystals with sizes around 20 nm were hydrothermally grown in acidic (pH = 1.5) and basic (pH = 10) autoclaving pHs. These nanocrystals were deposited onto FTO glass substrates and applied in the photoanode of dye sensitized solar cells. The layers were transparent and demonstrated a strong bonding to the FTO substrates. Three kinds of TiO2 hollow spheres with external diameters around 310, 435 and 550 nm were also selected and used in a modified paste preparation process. They were finally deposited on the surface of transparent sub-layers of the TiO2 NCs to enhance the light scattering. According to the results, an energy conversion efficiency of 9.7% was achieved for the cell with 2TA-1Sc photoanode. This photoanode was composed of two sub-layers of TiO2 NCs prepared in acidic autoclaving pH and a layer of scattering hollow spheres. An efficiency of 9.4% was also attained for the cell with 1TB-1Sb photoanode including one layer of TiO2 NCs prepared in basic autoclaving pH and a layer of scattering hollow spheres. These efficiencies represented an increase of about 39% and 118% compared to those of the cells with 2TA and 1TB photoanodes, respectively.
Generalized Metrical Multi-Time Lagrange Geometry of Physical Field

The paper developes a geometrization of a Kronecker $h$-regular vertical fundamental metrical d-tensor $G^{(\alpha)(\beta)}_{(i)(j)}$ on the jet fibre bundle of order one $J^1(T,M)$. This geometrization gives a mathematical model for both gravitational and electromagnetic field theory, in a general setting. In this context, the Einstein and Maxwell equations are described.
A type assignment for lambda-calculus complete both for FPTIME and strong normalization

One of the aims of Implicit Computational Complexity is the design of programming languages with bounded computational complexity; indeed, guaranteeing and certifying a limited resources usage is of central importance for various aspects of computer science. One of the more promising approaches to this aim is based on the use of lambda-calculus as paradigmatic programming language and the design of type assignment systems for lambda-terms, where types guarantee both the functional correctness and the complexity bound. Here we propose a system of stratified types, inspired by intersection types, where intersection is a non-associative operator. The system, called STR, is correct and complete for polynomial time computations; moreover, all the strongly normalizing terms are typed in it, thus increasing the typing power with respect to the previous proposals. Moreover, STR enjoys a stronger expressivity with respect to the previous system STA, since it allows to type a restricted version of iteration.
R EDEI SYMBOLS AND ARITHMETICAL MILD PRO-2-GROUPS

Generalizing results of Morishita and Vogel, an explicit descrip- tion of the triple Massey product for the Galois group GS(2) of the max- imal 2-extension of Q unramied outside a nite set of prime numbers S containing 2 is given in terms of R edei symbols. We show that certain mild pro-2-groups with Zassenhaus invariant 3 occur as Galois groups of the form GS(2). Furthermore, a non-analytic mild fab pro-2-group having only 3 generators is constructed.
New method for Gamma/Hadron separation in HAWC using neural networks

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) gamma-ray observatory is located at an altitude of 4100 meters in Sierra Negra, Puebla, Mexico. HAWC is an air shower array of 300 water Cherenkov detectors (WCD’s), each with 4 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). Because the observatory is sensitive to air showers produced by cosmic rays and gamma rays, one of the main tasks in the analysis of gamma-ray sources is gamma/hadron separation for the suppression of the cosmic-ray background. Currently, HAWC uses a method called compactness for the separation. This method divides the data into 10 bins that depend on the number of PMTs in each event, and each bin has its own value cut. In this work we present a new method which depends continuously on the number of PMTs in the event instead of binning, and therefore uses a single cut for gamma/hadron separation. The method uses a Feedforward Multilayer Perceptron net (MLP) fed with five characteristics of the air shower to create a single output value. We used simulated cosmic-ray and gamma-ray events to find the optimal cut and then applied the technique to data from the Crab Nebula. This new method is tuned on MC and predicts better gamma/hadron separation than the existing one. Preliminary tests on the Crab data are consistent with such an improvement, but in future work it needs to be compared with the full implementation of compactness with selection criteria tuned for each of the data bins.
Negative Leader Propagation

This research focuses on the propagation of negative lightning leaders. According to current understanding, the negative leaders propagate step-wise. Measurements from LOFAR are used to analyze leader propagation in more detail. This data indeed shows temporal stepping behaviour. However, it shows Bursts of Very High Frequency (VHF) radiation for every step instead of a single pulse. Besides, the spatial propagation of the negative leader does not exhibit a clear stepping behaviour. Due to the bursts being more spread out in space, they overlap with each other, making the propagation seem more continuous. An average stepping length can be measured, however. The found values are • Stepping time: 40− 100 μs • Stepping length: 5− 10 m • Spatial separation inside a burst: 2− 10 m • Temporal separation inside a burst: 1− 10 μs Two models concerning the emission of VHF are discussed. Firstly, the electromagnetic emission from an accelerated point charge is modelled. However, the power output from this model does not reproduce the measured values. Measurements show peaks that are much lower than are predicted by this model. Secondly, streamer collisions and propagation are scrutinized. VHF emission by streamers does not reproduce the measurements very well since it predicts VHF radiation over elongated periods. Where the data shows radiation spread over a mere 1− 10 μs. Hence, more research has to be done into the mechanism that is responsible for the emission of VHF radiation in negative leaders.
Time-Invariant Restrictions of Volatility Functionals: Efficient Estimation and Specification Tests

Abstract This paper studies the estimation and inference problems of time-invariant restrictions on certain known functions of the stochastic volatility process. We first develop a more efficient GMM estimator and derive the efficiency bound under such restrictions. Then we construct an integrated Hausman-type test by summing up the squared differences between this more efficient estimator and the unrestricted estimator computed at different time points. Although less efficient under the null, the latter estimator is consistent under both the null and the alternative. The efficient GMM estimator can also be used to update an existing Bierens-type test and simplify the calculation of the asymptotic variance. Since the quadratic function puts more weight on large values, the Hausman-type test can have superior power than the Bierens-type test, which is based on a linear function of the differences. The simulation study shows that except for very small local window sizes, the Hausman-type test has good size and superior power. We finally apply these tests to studying the constant beta hypothesis using empirical data and find substantial evidence against this hypothesis.
The In vitro Effects on Platelet Functions and Coagulation of Different Prime Solutions Used in Cardiopulmonary by Pass

Purpose: To investigate the in vitro effect of human albumin (HA) and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) added to prime solution on platelet functions and coagulation in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery. Methods: Sixty consecutive patients receiving elective cardiopulmonary bypass with open heart surgery were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into three equal groups. Group 1: with 2 units of fresh frozen plasma added to prime solution. Group 2: With 100 cc 25% human albumins added to prime solution. Group 3: (control group) with no FFP or HA added to prime solution. PFA100 platelet function analyzer and platelet aggregation tests were investigated pre-induction, during and after CPB and on the 1 st day postoperatively.
Instability modulation for the (2+1)-dimension paraxial wave equation and its new optical soliton solutions in Kerr media

In this paper, we use the modified auxiliary expansion method to seek some new solutions of the paraxial nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The solutions have a hyperbolic function, trigonometric function, exponential function, and rational function forms The linear stability analysis of paraxial NLSE is also presented to study the modulational instability (MI). Two cases when the instability modulation becomes to occur are investigated. Depending on MI cases, the MI gain spectrum are also investigated and presented graphically. All solutions are new and verified the main equation of the paraxial wave equation. Moreover, the constraint conditions for the existence of soliton solutions are also showed.
Differentially fed, dual‐band filtering antenna with H‐shaped slot

A differentially fed, dual‐band microstrip patch antenna with filtering response is proposed in this letter. By etching an H‐shaped slot at a rectangle radiating patch, two resonant modes of the patch antenna, as well as an additional radiation null between the two operation bands are generated. Besides, two symmetric open‐stub coupling feedlines (OSCFs) are introduced to differentially excite the antenna, which offer two extra radiation nulls outside the two bands. Thus, a dual‐band bandpass filtering response for the proposed antenna is obtained. Measurement results of the prototype show good agreement with the simulated ones. Stable radiation patterns with low cross‐polarization levels of better than 28 dB are observed. Besides, a deep roll‐off of better than 22 dBi for the realized gain is also obtained.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Kelayakan Penerimaan Bantuan Beras Sejahtera (Rastra) Dengan Menggunakan Metode Weighted Product

Program Beras Sejahtera (RASTRA) merupakan kebijakan pemerintah dalam rangka pemberdayaan masyarakat agar masyarakat sejahtera yang telah berjalan lama, akan tetapi dalam pelaksanaannya program Rastra ini masih terjadi banyak penyimpangan-penyimpangan seperti tidak tepat sasaran, tidak tepat waktu, dan beras yang terkadang kurang layak konsumsi, hal ini yang sering terjadi pada kantor Kelurahan Tabam Kota Ternate Utara Provinsi Maluku Utara. Sesuai dengan ketentuan mana yang berhak atau tidak mendapatkan bantuan tersebut maka dibutuhkan sebuah Sistem Pendukung Kepeutusan (SPK). Sistem pendukung keputusan dapat membantu pengambilan keputusan dalam situasi yang semiterstruktur dan situasi yang tidak terstruktur, dimana tak seorangpun tahu secara pasti bagaimana keputusan seharusnya dibuat. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode Weighted Product. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemanfaatan Weighted Produc t sebagai model Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Kelayakan Penerimaan Rastra dengan metode Weighted Product di Kelurahan Tabam Kota Ternate Utara dapat membantu pihak Kelurahan dalam menghitung kelayakan calon penerima bantuan Beras Sejahtera dan untuk menentukan kelayakan penerima beras miskin menjadi lebih tepat sasaran dan penyimpanan data seleksi tersebut dapat terupdate setiap saat.
Desempenho e qualidade da carne de suínos suplementados com magnésio e creatina no período pré-abate

Para avaliar o efeito da suplementacao dietetica de magnesio e creatina, durante cinco dias antes do abate, sobre o desempenho e a qualidade da carne suina foram utilizados 24 suinos da linhagem comercial Dan Bread e peso medio de 102,2 Kg. Os animais foram distribuidos em blocos inteiramente ao acaso com quatro tratamentos e seis repeticoes, sendo um animal por unidade experimental. A dieta comercial usada foi suplementada com: T1 = Controle (sem suplementacao); T2 = 36g de sulfato de magnesio 9% (3,2g de magnesio); T3 = 26g de creatina monoidratada 98% (25g de creatina); T4 = 36g de sulfato de magnesio 9% (3,2g de magnesio) com 26g de creatina monoidratada 98% (25g de creatina). Os animais foram abatidos ao final do periodo experimental em abatedouro comercial. O ganho de peso, a conversao alimentar e o rendimento de carcaca nao foram afetados pelos tratamentos. Todos os animais suplementados obtiveram maior (P<0,05) valor de pH aos 45 minutos em relacao ao grupo controle. Houve um aumento significativo do pH 24 horas para os animais do T2 e T4 em relacao ao T1. Os animais do T2 apresentaram carne menos palida, enquanto os suinos do T3 e T4 apresentaram carne mais vermelha, em relacao aos demais tratamentos. Nao houve efeito significativo dos tratamentos sobre as analises de capacidade de retencao de agua e forca de cisalhamento. Os resultados indicam que os tratamentos T2 e T4 apresentaram os melhores resultados pelo aumento do pH final e pela melhora da cor da carne fresca.