Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sustainability of China’s electricity system; proposal for astructured analysis

A methodological framework has been designed to analyze the sustainability of China’s electricity sector in the wake of the 13th Development Plan for the Electricity Sector (2016-2020). The proposal is based on ISO 14040 but also incorporates some features from the "new LCA" approach described in the CALCAS project. Discussion is provided about its practical implementation, including definition of objectives through sustainability questions and subquestions, definition of scope, definition of scenarios, functional unit, selection of sustainability issues and indicators, suitability of analysis tools, availability of inventory data and aggregation methods to facilitate decision making.
DRAW: A Challenging and Diverse Algebra Word Problem Set

We present DRAW, a dataset consisting of 1000 algebra word problems, semiautomatically annotated for the evaluation of automatic solvers.1 Details of the annotation process are described, which involves a novel template reconciliation procedure for reducing equivalent templates. DRAW also consists of richer annotations, including gold coefficient alignments and equation system templates, which were absent in existing benchmarks. We present a quantitative comparison of DRAW to existing benchmarks, showing that DRAW consists a wide variety of problems, both in terms of narrative diversity and problem types. We provide a strong baseline for DRAW using a simple yet powerful solver. We also experimentally verify that the additional annotations indeed improves the performance for our automatic solver.
APPLICATION OF THE LOG-CONFORMATION TECHNIQUE TO 3 D FREE SURFACE FLOWS

The numerical simulation of flows of very elastic fluids has been a subject of intense research for the past decades with important industrial applications. Therefore, it comes as no surprise that many efforts have been made to improve the convergence capabilities of the numerical methods used. Recently, an important contribution to the High Weissenberg Number Problem has been presented by Fattal and Kupferman [J. nonNewt. Fluid Mech. 123, 281-285, (2004)], who developed the matrix-logarithm of the conformation tensor technique, henceforth called log-conformation tensor. This methodology guarantees that solutions of viscoelastic flow problems are physically admissible and can deal with sharp elastic stress layers. Several investigators have been using the logconformation tensor and results for high Weissenberg number flows have been reported. However, this technique has only been applied to simulate confined flows of viscoelastic fluids. In this work we investigate the application of the log-conformation tensor technique to three-dimensional unsteady free surface flows. We applied the log-conformation tensor formulation to solve the Oldroyd-B constitutive equation and solved the momentum equation using a finite difference Marker-and-Cell type method. Results for the simulation of the extrudate swell of Oldroyd-B fluids at high Weissenberg numbers are presented.
Bayesian inverse problems for functions and applications to fluid mechanics

In this paper we establish a mathematical framework for a range of inverse problems for functions, given a finite set of noisy observations. The problems are hence underdetermined and are often ill-posed. We study these problems from the viewpoint of Bayesian statistics, with the resulting posterior probability measure being defined on a space of functions. We develop an abstract framework for such problems which facilitates application of an infinite-dimensional version of Bayes theorem, leads to a well-posedness result for the posterior measure (continuity in a suitable probability metric with respect to changes in data), and also leads to a theory for the existence of maximizing the posterior probability (MAP) estimators for such Bayesian inverse problems on function space. A central idea underlying these results is that continuity properties and bounds on the forward model guide the choice of the prior measure for the inverse problem, leading to the desired results on well-posedness and MAP estimators; the PDE analysis and probability theory required are thus clearly dileneated, allowing a straightforward derivation of results. We show that the abstract theory applies to some concrete applications of interest by studying problems arising from data assimilation in fluid mechanics. The objective is to make inference about the underlying velocity field, on the basis of either Eulerian or Lagrangian observations. We study problems without model error, in which case the inference is on the initial condition, and problems with model error in which case the inference is on the initial condition and on the driving noise process or, equivalently, on the entire time-dependent velocity field. In order to undertake a relatively uncluttered mathematical analysis we consider the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equation on a torus. The case of Eulerian observations—direct observations of the velocity field itself—is then a model for weather forecasting. The case of Lagrangian observations—observations of passive tracers advected by the flow—is then a model for data arising in oceanography. The methodology which we describe herein may be applied to many other inverse problems in which it is of interest to find, given observations, an infinite-dimensional object, such as the initial condition for a PDE. A similar approach might be adopted, for example, to determine an appropriate mathematical setting for the inverse problem of determining an unknown tensor arising in a constitutive law for a PDE, given observations of the solution. The paper is structured so that the abstract theory can be read independently of the particular problems in fluid mechanics which are subsequently studied by application of the theory.
Using Body Scan Technology (Computer-Aided Anthropometry) to Measure Breast Volume

Assessment of breast volume is an important tool for preoperative planning in various breast surgeries and other applications, such as bra development. Accurate assessment can improve the consistency and quality of surgery outcomes. This study outlines a non-invasive method to measure breast volume using a whole body 3D laser surface anatomy scanner, the Cyberware WBX. It expands on a previous publication where this method was validated against patients undergoing mastectomy. It specifically outlines and expands the computer-aided anthropometric (CAA) method for extracting breast volumes in a non-invasive way from patients enrolled in a breast reduction study at Flinders Medical Centre, South Australia. This step-by-step description allows others to replicate this work and provides an additional tool to assist them in their own clinical practice and development of designs.
Profitability and Liquidity of Conventional Banking and Islamic Banking in Bangladesh: A Comparative Study

The aim of this study is to examine and evaluate the profitability and liquidity of a group of 5 Conventional banks in Bangladesh with a group of 5 Bangladeshi Islamic banks. The study evaluates the profitability and liquidity of two types of banking system in Bangladesh for the period of 2008 to 2012. Different financial ratios i.e. Return on Asset (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Profit Expense Ratio (PER), Net Profit Margin (NPM), Earnings per Share (EPS), Profit per branch, Profit per employee have been used for evaluating profitability and Loan to Deposit ratio (LDR), Loan to Assets ratio (LAR) are used for evaluating liquidity of these 2 categories banks. T-test and F-test have been used in determining the significance of the differential performance of the two groups of bank. The study found that Islamic Banks are less preferable than Conventional banks in the year 2008 and 2009 in all the profitability indicators. In 2010, Conventional banks had been more profitable than Islamic banks except ROE, PER. In 2011 and 2012, Islamic banks’ profitability performance is better than that of Conventional banks in the performance indicators except EPS, Profit per Branch and Profit per Employee. However, there is no significant difference in liquidity between the two sets of banks. LAR had been constantly higher in Islamic banks in all the years though LDR had not been higher during the same period. In 2010 and 2011, Conventional Banks’ LDR is higher than the Islamic Bank. The reasons are that conventional banks in Bangladesh have longer history and experience in doing banking business and hold dominating position in the financial sector with its large share in the overall financial assets of Bangladesh as compared to Islamic banks, which in true sense, started only a few years back with all letter and spirit. The study also found that Islamic Banks are less profitable having less liquidity position during 2008-2012. However, it had improved considerably in its profitability during 2011 and 2012. Key Words: Profitability, Liquidity, Conventional Banking, Islamic Banking.
OERScout technology framework: A novel approach to open educational resources search

The open educational resources (OER) movement has gained momentum in the past few years. With this new drive towards making knowledge open and accessible, a large number of OER repositories have been established and made available online throughout the world. However, the inability of existing search engines such as Google, Yahoo! , and Bing to effectively search for useful OER which are of acceptable academic standard for teaching purposes is a major factor contributing to the slow uptake of the entire movement. As a major step towards solving this issue, this paper proposes OERScout , a technology framework based on text mining solutions. The objectives of our work are to (i) develop a technology framework which will parametrically measure the usefulness of an OER for a particular academic purpose based on the openness, accessibility, and relevance attributes; and (ii) provide academics with a mechanism to locate OER which are of an acceptable academic standard. From our user tests, we have identified that OERScout is a sound solution for effectively zeroing in on OER which can be readily used for teaching and learning purposes.
Effects of salt stress on lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzymes of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars

The effect of salt stress on enzyme activities of nine alfalfa cultivars at germination and seedling stage was studied. The activities of SOD, GR, POX and APOX were higher in salt tolerant and lower in salt sensitive cultivars. Results of the effect of salt stress on the SOD, GR, POX, APOX activities and MDA content may be used to select salt tolerance cultivars at the germination and seedling stages. SOD, GR, POX, APOX and MDA may play an important role in salt tolerant mechanisms in alfalfa. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjb.v43i2. 21672 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43 (2): 191-196, 2014 (September)
Influence of the carbon nanofiller surface curvature on the initiation of crystallization in thermoplastic polymers

Experimental results have shown that graphitizated carbon nanofibers initiate crystallization in R-BAPB polyimides twice as fast as single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNT) leading to the hypothesis that nanofiller curvature influences polyimide crystallization. Therefore, atomistic molecular-dynamics simulations have been performed for R-BAPB in the presence of a flat graphene sheet and the results were compared with those obtained in the presence of a small-radius CNT. The polyimide chain segments tend to lie parallel to the nanofiller surface and this tendency is stronger and the segments are closer to the graphene surface than to the CNT one. Moreover, the density of the polyimide in the near-surface layer is higher for composites filled with graphene than with CNT. This confirms the assumption that the nanofiller surface curvature is indeed a factor influencing the polymer patterning structure, and that a smaller curvature (i.e. flat surface) provides an enhanced initiation of polymer ordering.
Graph Decomposition Based Design and Analysis of Consensus Protocols

Abstract This paper studies the design and analysis problem of nonlinear consensus protocols. First, the communication graph is decomposed into the cascade connection form of the strongly connected components which reveals the agents' different roles in the process of reaching consensus. Then, based on this property, a design and analysis approach is proposed with the aid of the input-to-state stability theory. With this approach, consensus of LTI agents with different linear protocol parameters, and consensus of single-integrator agents with a class of nonlinear protocols are specifically discussed. Finally, applications are given to show the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Embedding Career Competencies in Learning and Talent Development: Career Management and Professional Development Modules

The chapter researches theoretical positions and practical applications that enable educationalists to equip students with the knowledge and skills to self-manage their careers and develop professionally, thus facilitating the successful transition of students from the academic environment to the workplace. It locates the discussion within a context which recognises the different models that business schools can adopt when providing learning and talent development generally, and career and professional development specifically. The main focus of the chapter relates to three inter-related themes that underpin career management and professional development. First, situating career management and professional development within a contextualising discourse. Second, exploring the contemporary career concepts that influence career management and professional development. Third, considering career management and professional development from three varying perspectives. Issues and solutions are offered to educationalists through the integration of theory and practice. Embedding Career Competencies in Learning and Talent Development: Career Management and Professional Development Modules
The Design and Governance of Bank Supervision

We conclude by arguing that the greatest danger for supervision (and for central banks that have a role here) is that it will follow an unworkable model, despite evidence to the contrary, because this apparently is the model that supervisory groups prefer, notwithstanding the lack of supporting empirical evidence. Most supervisory agencies will
PERSISTENCE RATES AND DETECTION PROBABILITIES OF BIRD CARCASSES ON BEACHES OF UNALASKA ISLAND, ALASKA, FOLLOWING THE WRECK OF THE M/V SELENDANG AYU

Received 10 June 2008, accepted 22 May 2009 SUMMARY BYRD, G.V. , REYNOLDS, J.H. & FLINT, P.L. 2009. Persistence rates and detection probabilities of bird carcasses on beaches of Unalaska Island, Alaska, following the wreck of the M/V Selendang Ayu. Marine Ornithology 37: 197–204. Mark–recapture techniques were used to estimate persistence rates and detection probabilities of bird carcasses associated with the oil spill following the wreck of the M/V Selendang Ayu at Unalaska Island, Alaska. Only 14.6% of carcasses placed on beaches remained after 24 hours, and all carcasses that remained had been scavenged to some degree. Daily persistence rates for scavenged carcasses on subsequent days were substantially higher at 79.1%. Most carcasses (>98%) were removed by scavengers at night. When they made a single pass, observers searching beaches for carcasses that had washed ashore found only about 40% of carcasses known to be present. This detection probability did not vary between pairs of search teams or between beaches. Detection probability increased to about 70% when teams searched the same beach segment twice. Our data indicate that only a small fraction of beached carcasses would likely be found using standard beach survey protocols and search frequencies. These data emphasize the importance of measuring persistence and detection rates for each mortality event.
Capacity Development and Sustainable Development in Nigeria: Advancing the Resource-Based Argument.

The efficiency or otherwise of an organization and the competitive operations of getting thing done in the way and manner in which they were designed for the achievement of a set objective cannot be achieved without effective capacity development. Human capital development gives hope for the transformation of our institutional and individual components as well as the society in general from what it was to what it should be. The human capital is hereby entrusted with more challenging responsibilities and in it lies the centrality of the process of development, its capacity must be built on constant basis. This paper used survey research as a grand design, examined the human quality response to capacity building techniques in Nigeria, and used questionnaire to extract response from the respondents. The result of the analysis reveals that, the process of human capital development and capacity building in Nigeria faces allot of challenges ranging from institutional to environmental ones among others and concludes that improvement of human capital as a strategy of improving service quality or delivery of same, requires very solid institutional, statutory and economic base(s). It is therefore recommended that stewardship function and improved management support system should be incorporated in the activities of organizations through which human capital development, effective capacity building will combine to expedite positive adjustment in the character of services delivered as well as nature of clients and stakeholders satisfaction.
For Review Only Is Water at Farms a Source of Campylobacter spp. Contamination in Live Chickens in Khon Kaen Province of Thailand

This study is the first to quantify the Campylobacter contamination in chicken farm waters. Water samples from 10 broiler chicken farms in Khon Kaen, Thailand, were collected during winter, summer, and rainy season. Four types of water i.e. 3 drinking water, 1 main tank water, 1 evaporative pond water, and 1 environmental water sample were collected at each farm twice during 1-15, and 16-35 days of rearing. In total, 360 water samples were sampled. The overall occurrence rate of contamination was 0.3% (1/360). Only 1 environmental water sample (1.7%, 1/60) was found contaminated with Campylobacter species. Water collected during the later stage of rearing (16-35 days) was positive for Campylobacter spp. contamination. The extent of contamination was greater than 230 MPN/100 ml. However, drinking and main tank water were free of Campylobacter spp. contamination.
Sorghum Prices and Markets Integration in Sudan

The main objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between sorghum prices and markets integration in Sudan. Other objective is to check the presence or absence of causality between the cointegrated markets if any present. In this study, monthly sorghum prices for a period of years from 2002 to 2010 for eight markets in different parts of Sudan were tested spatially; A group of five markets in peaceful regions linked with a net of paved roads and shared good trade information flow were tested in addition to three markets in western Sudan, where poor infrastructures and political strife prevails as a result of civil conflicts.
TRACE METAL POLLUTION OF RECENT MOLLUSCAN SHELLS FROM LAKE QARUN SEDIMENTS, EGYPT

This paper aims to present a complete picture on the trace metals distribution in the recent mollusk an shells from Lake Qarun sediments. The mollusk an shells were collected during August 2003 and analyzed for the trace metals viz: As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn. Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, V and Zn. Their relative order abundance in bivalve shells was: Fe> Cu> Sr> Zn> Mn> Pb> Ni> Se> As> Ba> Cr> Mo> Co>V >Cd, while in gastropod shells was: : Fe> Zn> Mn> Sr> Cu > As > Pb> Se> Ba> Ni>Cr> Mo> Go> V> Cd. The elements were more abundant in gastropod shells. Most elements were associated with aragonite( i.e. nepionic stage) in eastern and middle zone close to the source of the elements and with increasing age( i.e. in adult stage) associated with calcite in western sector. This is due to the mineralogy of shells, secondary alteration, location, environmental parameters, activity of organisms and source of sediments.
Incorporating 11 P's of Service Marketing Mix and Its Impact on the Development of Technical Education.

Technology Education or Technical Education (TE) is a key driver for the growth and development of a country and is essential input for national development and for strengthening of the industry, economy and ultimately improving the quality of life of the people. Rapid and drastic changes in economic growth are creating higher demands for TE. Most of developed countries witnessed economic growth with the promotion of TE in the country. There is a rapid growth of TE in last decade in terms of the no. of institutes and the intake capacity in India. However, there is noticeable gap in between the actual no. of enrollments and intake capacity of these institutes along with poor performance of institutes in terms of service provided specially by private institutions which resulted in enormous unemployment in India. This study is sought to investigate a perception and determination towards accessing TE with 11 P’s of Service Marketing Mix rather than traditional service marketing mix of 7 P’s. The study discloses different approaches by the service providers (institutions) and service consumers (students) to TE in terms of 11 P’s of marketing mix; program, price, place, promotion, people, physical evidence, process, and additional P’s; performance, position, pleasure and pointing-out. Findings of the study will be useful for the institutes, government and direct or indirect service providers of TE in developing an effective strategic plan through 11 P’s, that will not only boost TE in terms of quantity but also improve quality and performance of the service providers. A qualitative research survey through a structured questionnaire for the students who are studying or have recently completed their TE in engineering, pharmacy and management from the institutes affiliated to the North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon was conducted. The survey is delimited to the TE belonging to North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon and Khandesh region of India.
An Optimized CBIR Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Storage and retrieval of images over a large database is an important issue. Content Based Image Retrieval system provides solution for this issue. In Content Based Image Retrieval(CBIR) similar images are retrieved using low level features such as color, texture, edge, etc that are extracted both from the query image and the database. In CBIR less amount of retrieval time with high accuracy is desired property. The proposed system achieves this property by using Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. The proposed system consists of the following phases (i) Color feature extraction using (luminance(y), blue chrominance (u), red chrominance (v)) method (ii) Texture feature extraction using Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (iii) Edge feature extraction using Edge Histogram Descriptor (iv) Measurement of Similarity between Query image and the Database image using Euclidean Distance. (v) Optimization of retrieved result using Particle Swarm Optimization. In comparison with the existing approach, the proposed approach significantly improves the precision and recall of the retrieval system.