Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adeno-Associated Virus Type 5 Utilizes Alternative Translation Initiation To Encode a Small Rep40-Like Protein (cid:1)

Alternative splicing of adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) P19-generated pre-mRNAs generates the small Rep proteins Rep52 and Rep40, which differ in their carboxyl termini. Both proteins are required for optimal packaging of AAV2 genomes. AAV5 Rep-encoding P19-generated transcripts are primarily polyadenylated within the central intron and not efﬁciently spliced; however, surprisingly, AAV5 was found to generate high levels of a Rep40-like protein. The AAV5 Rep40-like protein was generated by internal initiation and has the same C terminus as Rep52. Although precluded from using alternative splicing to generate multiple Rep isoforms, AAV5 ensures the production of a Rep40-like protein by utilizing a novel internal translation initiation event. The adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) P19 promoter generates pre-mRNAs that are alternatively spliced to yield the small nonstructural proteins Rep52 and Rep40 from unspliced and spliced mRNAs, respectively. These Rep proteins (as well as the overlapping large Rep proteins) share a common Walker-type domain common to the superfamily 3 (SF3)-type helicases (3, 4). Both small Rep proteins are required for efﬁcient packaging of the AAV2 genome; Rep52 and Rep40 both possess 3 (cid:1) -to-5 (cid:1) helicase activity and are required for unwinding of the double-stranded replicative forms of AAV for insertion into
THE BETWEEN QUANTUM AND CLASSICAL DESCRIPTIONS

The review paper presents generalization of d'Alembert's variational principle: the dynamics of quantum system for an external observer is defined by the exact equilibrium of all acting in the system, including the random quantum force Sp tial attention is dedicated to the systems with (hidden) symmetries. It is shown how the symmetry reduces the number of quantum degrees of freedom down to the independent ones. The sin-Gordon model is considered as an example of such field theory with symmetry. It is shown why the particles -matrix is trivial in that model.
A CORRELATIVE STUDY OF FNAC OF THYROID SWELLING WITH THYROID HORMONE PROFILE AMONG TRIBAL POPULATION OF JHARKHAND: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

examination. Some of the smears were ﬁxed in methanol and stained by Papanicolaou stain, the others were INTRODUCTION: Fine needle aspiration cytology ((FNAC) is the most sensitive, accurate and cost effective initial method for the thyroid lesion. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) estimation is helpful as an initial test. Out of the total population of 3 crore in Jharkhand, India, 27% constitute the tribal population. There are few studies related to prevalence of thyroid lesion among tribal population. The health seeking behavior of Tribals particularly from rural areas is very low due to their believe in traditional customs, norms, sorcery, etc AIM: To determine the correlation between different morphological patterns of thyroid swelling by FNAC and Thyroid hormone proﬁle(T3,T4and TSH) among tribal population of Jharkhand. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have selected ninety two Tribal patients having enlarged thyroid swelling. Prior doing FNAC on these patients thyroid hormone proﬁle had been done. Then FNAC was done in every patient in the Cytopathology section of department of Pathology, RIMS, Ranchi. RESULTS: The study found that out of 92 cases of thyroid swelling, 72 patients are female and 20 patients are male. On the basis of thyroid hormone proﬁle we found that maximum no of patients are Euthyroid. By FNAC, we got 31 cases of colloid goiter, 22 cases of colloid cyst, 4 cases of Grave's disease, 6 cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 13 cases of lymphocytic thyroiditis, 7 cases of follicular neoplasm, 2 cases of papillary carcinoma. CONCLUSION: It renders unnecessary the need for excisional biopsy in advanced disease, elderly patients or in case where treatment is non- surgical. All the ﬁne needle aspiration diagnosis must be viewed in the light of the clinical picture and thyroid hormone proﬁle to minimize the risks of a false-negative report. ABSTRACT
Toward Nanomechanical Models of Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of Layered 2D Nanomaterials of a π − peel Model

In liquid-phase exfoliation for the production of 2D nanomaterials ﬂuid forces are used to gently overcome adhesive interlayer forces, leading to single- or few-layer 2D nanomaterials. Predicting accurately the critical ﬂuid shear rate for exfoliation is a crucial challenge. By combining notions of ﬂuid mechanics and fracture mechanics, we analyze a mathematical model of exfoliation, focusing on the π − peel regime in which bending forces are much smaller than the applied hydrodynamic forces. We ﬁnd that in this regime the shear rate is approximately proportional to the adhesion energy, independent of the bending rigidity of the exfoliated sheet, and inversely proportional to the size a of a (assumed pre-existing) material ﬂaw. The model appears to give values comparable to those obtained in wet ball milling, but to overestimate the shear rate values reported for turbulent exfoliation (by rotor mixing or microﬂuidization). We suggest that for turbulent exfoliation a “cleavage model” may be more appropriate, as it gives a stronger dependence on a and smaller critical shear rates.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Discrepancies between the modeled and proxy-reconstructed response to volcanic forcing over the past millennium: Implications and possible mechanisms

[ 1 ] We show that a systematic discrepancy between model simulations and proxy reconstructions of hemispheric temperature changes over the past millennium appears to arise from a small number of radiatively large volcanic eruptions. Past work has shown that accounting for this mismatch alone appears to reconcile inconsistencies between the overall amplitude of simulated and proxy-reconstructed temperature changes. We provide empirical support for the previously posited hypothesis that this discrepancy may arise from threshold growth effects in tree line-proximal trees that limit their response to large volcanic cooling events. Such threshold responses could lead to an absence of growth rings (as many as six accumulated years over the past eight centuries) for some fraction of tree line-proximal trees, leading to a potential misalignment of volcanic cooling events in trees from climatically distinct regions, and a further attenuation and smearing of the volcanic cooling signal. Since the high-frequency component of nearly all proxy reconstructions of past hemispheric temperature change is derived from tree ring data, this bias would likely impact nearly all such reconstructions. We show here that the discrepancy may have led to an underestimation bias in past studies attempting to infer equilibrium climate sensitivity from proxy temperature reconstructions of the past millennium.
Compensation of fluctuations in voltage by series compensator with electric spring

— This paper presents a new method for removing the fluctuations in voltage at load side. It is essential to determine the variations caused by different appliances and to provide a suitable method for compensating voltage fluctuations. In this paper, concept of electric spring is presented which is applicable in wide areas of power system. The method improves voltage regulation and eliminates harmonics in its devices. Simulations are carried out to verify the working of proposed electric spring.
Full Ground Ultra-Wideband Wearable Textile Antenna for Breast Cancer and Wireless Area Body Network Applications

: Wireless body area network (WBAN) applications have broad utility in monitoring patient health and transmitting the data wirelessly. WBAN can greatly beneﬁt from wearable antennas. Wearable antennas provide comfort and continuity of the monitoring of the patient. Therefore, they must be comfortable, ﬂexible, and operate without excessive degradation near the body. Most wearable antennas use a truncated ground, which increases speciﬁc absorption rate (SAR) undesirably. A full ground ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna is proposed and utilized here to attain a broad bandwidth while keeping SAR in the acceptable range based on both 1 g and 10 g standards. It is designed on a denim substrate with a dielectric constant of 1.4 and thickness of 0.7 mm alongside the ShieldIt conductive textile. The antenna is fed using a ground coplanar waveguide (GCPW) through a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) transition. This transition creates a perfect match while reducing SAR. In addition, the proposed antenna has a bandwidth (BW) of 7–28 GHz, maximum directive gain of 10.5 dBi and maximum radiation efﬁciency of 96%, with small dimensions of 60 × 50 × 0.7 mm 3 . The good antenna’s performance while it is placed on the breast shows that it is a good candidate for both breast cancer imaging and WBAN. these behaviours illustrates how each variation in these parameters affects the antenna characteristics. Therefore, the SCD is investigated at different frequencies such as 3.4 GHz (5G), 5.7 GHz (sub-6 GHz), 7 GHz (lower-end of the BW), 15 GHz, and 28 GHz (higher-end of the BW). It shows that the current is stronger around the feeding and the slot that separates the patch from the CPW slot at 3.4 GHz. it is noticed that this current is stronger around the EBG structures and the arc shape slots, which were added to extend the BW at the lower band (7 GHz) and make the stopbands occurred around 12.5 and 16.5 GHz to passbands. Besides, it depicts that the current is stronger and has more density around the CPW slot and the feeding at the lower-end and higher-end of the operating BW.
CoinAcetylcholine, Histamine, and Cognition: Two Sides of the Same

The forebrain cholinergic neurons are localized in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM), the major source of cholinergic innervation to the neocortex and to the amygdala, and in the medium septum-banda diagonalis complex, which provides cholinergic inputs to the hippocampus (Mesulam et al. 1983; Woolf et al. 1984; Nicoll 1985). Basic and clinical studies have linked dysfunctions of these neurons to cognitive decline (Everitt and Robbins 1997; Givens and Sarter 1997). Their extensive loss is characteristic of the forebrain of Alzheimer’s disease patients (Davies and Maloney 1976; Coyle et al. 1983; Kuhl et al. 1999), and anticholinergic drugs, such as scopolamine and atropine, produce learning and memory deficits in a variety of cognitive animal models (Deutsch 1971; Bartus and Johnson 1976; Enna-ceur and Meliani 1992), and affect recognition memory in humans (Sperling et al. 2002; Sherman et al. 2003). Moreover, aged rodents display both cognitive impairments in many learning tasks (Ingram et al. 1994) and cholinergic deficits (Kubanis and Zornetzer 1981; Decker 1987; Gallagher and Colombo 1995). However, neuronal alterations associated with cognitive deficits are not restricted to the cholinergic systems. For instance, dysfunctions of dopamine, GABA, noradrenaline, serotonin, and histamine neurons have been identified in Alzheimer’s disease (Hardy et al. 1985; Airaksinen et al. 1991; Panula et al. 1997; Schneider et al. 1997), and region-selective decreases in dopa-minergic, noradrenergic,
A Case of Nephrotic Syndrome Associated with Buerger’s Disease

: We herein report a 43-year-old woman with Buerger’s disease who presented with nephrotic syndrome, renal dysfunction, and mild hypertension. A kidney biopsy revealed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), but there were no findings associated with frequent secondary FSGS or a history of long-term hypertension. A small focal renal infarction was seen on 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scintigraphy, suggesting that FSGS was due to renal microinfarction associated with Buerger’s disease. After the commencement of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy, the hypertension immediately improved, along with significant attenuation of proteinuria. Renal ischemia by vasoconstriction of the glomerular efferent arterioles in association with Buerger’s disease may result in glomerular hyperfiltration followed by FSGS.
Explorations on Time-informed Human-Robot Interaction*

—The sense of time is an essential capacity of humans, with a major role in many of the cognitive processes expressed in our daily lifes. So far, in cognitive science and robotics research, mental capacities have been investigated in a theoretical and modeling framework that largely neglects the ﬂow of time. Only recently there has been a rather limited, but constantly increasing interest in the temporal aspects of cognition, integrating time into a range of different models of perceptuo-motor capacities. The current paper aims to review recent work conducted in the Computational Vision and Robotics Laboratory of FORTH-ICS, in a well focused attempt to provide robots with temporal cognition and thus facilitate their seamless integration into modern human societies.
ANILINE AS CORROSION INHIBITOR FOR ALUMINUM IN TRICHLOROACETIC ACID

Aniline was studied as a corrosion inhibitor for aluminum in trichloroacetic acid (TCA) solution. The inhibition efficiency depended on the concentration of acid and the inhibitor. Inhibition efficiency of TCA solutions increased with aniline concentration, but decreased with rise in temperature, this corresponded to surface coverage of the metal by the inhibitor. The degrees of surface coverage, θ, were calculated and found to increase with the inhibitor concentration. The results show also that, the nhibitors were adsorbed on the aluminum surface according to Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Polarization study reveals that the inhibitors function as a little anodic, but significant cathodic inhibitor.
Forecasting total electron content maps by neural network technique

Near‐Earth space processes are highly nonlinear. Since the 1990s, a small group at the Middle East Technical University in Ankara has been working on a data‐driven generic model of such processes, that is, forecasting and nowcasting of a near‐Earth space parameter of interest. The model developed is called the Middle East Technical University Neural Network (METU‐NN) model. The METU‐NN is a data‐driven neural network model of one hidden layer and several neurons. In order to understand more about the complex response of the magnetosphere and ionosphere to extreme solar events, we chose this time the series of space weather events in November 2003. Total electron content (TEC) values of the ionosphere are forecast during these space weather events. In order to facilitate an easier interpretation of the forecast TEC values, maps of TEC are produced by using the Bezier surface‐fitting technique.
A STUDY OF THE FLOW FIELD IN A MODEL (cid:9) ROTOR-STATOR DISK CAVITY

Experimental and computational studies of the turbulent flow field in a model gas turbine disk cavity have been carried out. The experiments were performed in a rig which features a rotor disk-stator disk configuration with stator vanes, rotor blades, and rim discouragers with axial overlap. Particle Image Velocimetry was used to map the flow field in the cavity at three positions along the axial gap between the disks for various mainstream and secondary air flow rates, and rotor speeds. Static pressure distribution in the cavity at the stator disk and the circumferential distribution of the same at the mainstream passage outer shroud were measured. A recirculation region developed radially inboard in the disk cavity where a strong radial outflow was found close to the rotor disk and a weak radial inflow near the stator periodicities
Abelian Groups with Partial Decomposition Bases in L δ ∞ω , Part II

Dedicated to Professor Rudiger Gobel in honor of his 70th birthday Abstract. We consider the class of abelian groups possessing partial decom- position bases in Lδω for δ an ordinal. This class contains the class of Warfield groups which are direct summands of simply presented groups or, alternatively, are abelian groups possessing a nice decomposition basis with simply presented cokernel. We prove a classification theorem using numerical invariants that are deduced from the classical Ulm-Kaplansky and Warfield invariants. This ex- tends earlier work by Barwise-Eklof, Gobel and the authors.
Planned change and organizational effectiveness, the moderating role of organizational culture

: The study investigated the role of organizational culture in moderating the relationship between planned change and organizational effectiveness. We measured organizational effectiveness using resilience and corporate growth. The study adopted the cross sectional method which is a form of the quasi experiment research design. A population of 1651 was drawn from 33 selected indigenous maritime companies operating in Nigeria. The Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table was used to arrive at a sample size of 327. The questionnaire was used as the main instrument for collection of data and it was designed using the 5 point Likert scale. Pearson moment correlation was used to test the hypotheses while step wise regression model was used to test the moderating effect of organizational culture on the relationship between planned change and organizational effectiveness. Our findings revealed a significant and positive relationship between planned change and organizational effectiveness, measured by resilience and corporate growth. The study however revealed a negative relationship between organizational culture in moderating the relationship between planned change and organizational effectiveness. We concluded that when changes are well planned and communicated to members of the organization, and the importance of the change made visible, resistance to change is completely eliminated or reduced to the barest minimum. We recommended Maritime organizations need to conduct a cultural audit with a view to cultivating those values and cultural dimensions that engender and reward change readiness and goal achievement, We strongly recommend that organizations build a system that integrates change, considering how important these changes could be to the achievement of organizational goals. Where change is recurrent, adjustment to environmental changes will be inevitable for organizations to achieve their goals.
Agroforestry Beneﬁts and Challenges for Adoption in Europe and Beyond

: Soil degradation is a global concern, decreasing the soil’s ability to perform a multitude of functions. In Europe, one of the leading causes of soil degradation is unsustainable agricultural practices. Hence, there is a need to explore alternative production systems for enhanced agronomic productivity and environmental performance, such as agroforestry systems (AFS). Given this, the objective of the study is to enumerate the major beneﬁts and challenges in the adoption of AFS. AFS can improve agronomic productivity, carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling, soil biodiversity, water retention, and pollination. Furthermore, they can reduce soil erosion and incidence of ﬁre and provide recreational and cultural beneﬁts. There are several challenges to the adoption and uptake of AFS in Europe, including high costs for implementation, lack of ﬁnancial incentives, limited AFS product marketing, lack of education, awareness, and ﬁeld demonstrations. Policies for ﬁnancial incentives such as subsidies and payments for ecosystem services provided by AFS must be introduced or amended. Awareness of AFS products must be increased for consumers through appropriate marketing strategies, and landowners need more opportunities for education on how to successfully manage diverse, economically viable AFS. Finally, ﬁeld-based evidence is required for informed decision-making by farmers, advisory services, and policy-making bodies.
Adaptive preprocessing of nonstationary signals

Abstract : As the number and bandwidth of sensors increase, an acute demand for preprocessing sensor data obtained for machine-based decision making arises. Especially in a data fusion context, the data from numerous sensors must first be preprocessed to prevent saturation of the decision making mechanism-albeit man or machine. presented is a general preprocessing approach which provides a compact representation (feature vector) of sensor data. The approach, supported by a signal decomposition theorem, adaptively models in recursive fashion, the detrended sensor data as an autoregressive (AR) process of sufficiently high order. Provisions are included to accommodate nonstationary data by incorporating an information-theoretic transition detector to identify the segments of near-stationary data segments which are scale invariant, translation invariant, normalized, and represent sufficient statistics. Furthermore, the merit of the preprocessor is quantitatively determined in a continuous manner from the resulting innovations (modeling error process). Specific application results utilizing nonstationary radar data demonstrate the ability to simultaneously reduce data and maintain information content, without requiring a priori statistics and/or expert rules.
Functional genomics and metabolomics advance the ethnobotany of the Samoan traditional medicine “ matala ﬁ ”

homogenate of Psychotria insularum is widely used in Samoan traditional medicine to treat in ﬂ ammation associated with fever, body aches, swellings, wounds, elephantiasis, inconti- nence, skin infections, vomiting, respiratory infections, and abdominal distress. However, the bioactive components and underlying mechanisms of action are unknown. We used chemical genomic analyses in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker ’ s yeast) to identify and characterize an iron homeostasis mechanism of action in the traditional medicine as an unfractio- nated entity to emulate its traditional use. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the homogenate identi ﬁ ed two ﬂ avonol glycosides, rutin and nicoti ﬂ orin, each binding iron in an ion-dependent molecular networking metabolomics analysis. Translating results to mammalian immune cells and traditional application, the iron chelator activity of the P. insularum homogenate or rutin decreased proin ﬂ ammatory and enhanced anti-in ﬂ ammatory cytokine responses in immune cells. Together, the synergistic power of combining traditional knowledge with chemical genomics, metabolomics, and bioassay-guided fractionation provided molecular insight into a relatively understudied Samoan traditional medicine and developed methodology to advance ethnobotany.
Zero-Voltage-Switching Sinusoidal Pulsewidth Modulation Method for Three-Phase Four-Wire Inverter

A zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation (SPWM) method for a three-phase four-wire inverter is proposed in order to achieve higher efficiency and power density. With the proposed modulation scheme, the ZVS operation of all switches, including the main switches and the auxiliary switch, can be realized. Besides, all seven switches operate at a fixed frequency. The ZVS SPWM scheme is introduced by considering the various combinations of the polarities in three-phase filter inductor currents and the analysis of operating stages is presented. ZVS condition of the ZVS SPWM scheme is derived and discussions of ZVS condition for typical three-phase loads are also provided. In addition, the resonant parameters design and loss analysis are briefly investigated. Finally, the proposed ZVS SPWM scheme is verified on a 10-kW inverter prototype with SiC mosfet devices.