Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Efficacy and Safety of Deep Brain Stimulation of Combined Anterior Limb of Internal Capsule and Nucleus Accumbens (ALIC/NAcc-DBS) for Treatment-Refractory Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Protocol of a Multicenter, Randomized, and Double-Blinded Study

Backgrounds: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an emerging and promising therapeutic approach for treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The most common DBS targets include the anterior limb of internal capsule (ALIC) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc). This protocol aims to explore the efficacy and safety of the combined ALIC- and NAcc-DBS for treatment-refractory OCD. Methods: We will recruit 64 patients with refractory OCD from six centers, randomly allocate them to active and sham-stimulation groups through a three-month double-blind phase, then enter a three-month open-label phase. In the open-label stage, both groups experience real stimulation. Outcome measures: The primary outcome will be the efficacy and safety of combined ALIC- and NAcc-DBS, determined by treatment response rate between the active and sham-stimulation groups at the double-blind stage and spontaneously reported adverse events. The secondary outcomes are comparisons of change in Y–BOCS, CGI, HAMD, and HAMA scores at the third and sixth months compared to baseline between the active and sham-control groups, as well as the scores of the third month minus the sixth month between the two groups.
Heterologous Expression of MfWRKY7 of Resurrection Plant Myrothamnus flabellifolia Enhances Salt and Drought Tolerance in Arabidopsis

Drought and salinity have become major environmental problems that affect the production of agriculture, forestry and horticulture. The identification of stress-tolerant genes from plants adaptive to harsh environments might be a feasible strategy for plant genetic improvement to address the challenges brought by global climate changes. In this study, a dehydration-upregulated gene MfWRKY7 of resurrection Plant Myrothamnus flabellifolia, encoding a group IId WRKY transcription factor, was cloned and characterized. The overexpression of MfWRKY7 in Arabidopsis increased root length and tolerance to drought and NaCl at both seedling and adult stages. Further investigation indicated that MfWRKY7 transgenic plants had higher contents of chlorophyll, proline, soluble protein, and soluble sugar but a lower water loss rate and malondialdehyde content compared with wild-type plants under both drought and salinity stresses. Moreover, the higher activities of antioxidant enzymes and lower accumulation of O2− and H2O2 in MfWRKY7 transgenic plants were also found, indicating enhanced antioxidation capacity by MfWRKY7. These findings showed that MfWRKY7 may function in positive regulation of responses to drought and salinity stresses, and therefore, it has potential application value in genetic improvement of plant tolerance to abiotic stress.
The power of a promise: whom do governments’ security justifications convince to accept surveillance?

ABSTRACT To justify surveillance measures and gain them public support, governments use the promise of security. It is usually claimed that individuals are more willing to have freedom and privacy restricted than waiving a promise of increased security. However, empirical evidence to support this claim has been scarce—especially from a comparative perspective. Focusing on surveillance measures, this paper shows that people do indeed express greater acceptance of restrictions when these are justified by promises of security, being one of the first to examine this across 29 countries on all continents. Based on data from the ISSP, it investigates to which degree the effect of a security-based justification is moderated on the micro and macro level, with surprising results: While the effect does not differ between different levels of government support and political orientation, it differs significantly depending on how liberal-democratic the country is. The effect of the security-justification is very pronounced in liberal democracies, while it is even reversed in rather autocratic countries, meaning that individuals seem to be rather suspicious towards security justifications in non-democratic countries.
Baker’s Yeast Promoted One-Pot Synthesis of New 1,2,4-Triazolpyrimido-1,3,4-Oxadiazoles: Investigation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity

Abstract In this study, baker’s yeast promoted one-pot synthesize of new 1,2,4-triazolpyrimidooxadiazole derivatives in high yields using multicomponent reactions of isatins, guanidine, alkyl bromides, aldehydes and hydrazonoyl chlorides in the presence of baker’s yeast as a high performance catalyst in water at room temperature. Investigation of antioxidant ability of synthesized compounds using radical trapping of diphenyl-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) and ferric reduction power experiment is another purpose in this research. Also, the antimicrobial activity of some synthesized compounds proved by employing the disk diffusion test on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This procedure has some benefits such as short reaction time, product with excellent yields and simple, efficient, inexpensive, and environment-friendly catalyst. Graphical Abstract HIGHLIGHTS Green chemistry is the use of a set of principles to reduce or eliminate the use or generation of unsafe materials in the design, fabrication and applications of chemical products. Among solvents, water is a green solvents and very suitable for performing organic reaction. The present procedure avoids the use of toxic solvent. 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles are a known class of compounds, reported to exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, hypoglycemic, and anticancer activities.
Comprehensive Analysis and Validation of the Atmospheric Weighted Mean Temperature Models in China

Atmospheric weighted mean temperature (Tm) is a key parameter used by the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) for calculating precipitable water vapor (PWV). Some empirical Tm models using meteorological or non-meteorological parameters have been proposed to calculate PWV, but their accuracy and reliability cannot be guaranteed in some regions. To validate and determine the optimal Tm model for PWV retrieval in China, this paper analyzes and evaluates some typical Tm models, namely, the Linear, Global Pressure and Temperature 3 (GPT3), the Tm model for China (CTm), the Global Weighted Mean Temperature-H (GTm-H) and the Global Tropospheric (GTrop) models. The Tm values of these models are first obtained at corresponding radiosonde (RS) stations in China over the period of 2011 to 2020. The corresponding Tm values of 87 RS stations in China are also calculated using the layered meteorological data and regarded as the reference. Comparison results show that the accuracy of these five Tm models in China has an obvious geographical distribution and decreases along with increasing altitude and latitude, respectively. The average root mean square (RMS) and Bias for the Linear, GPT3, CTm, GTm-H and GTrop models are 4.2/3.7/3.4/3.6/3.3 K and 0.7/−1.0/0.7/−0.1/0.3 K, respectively. Among these models, Linear and GPT3 models have lower accuracy in high-altitude regions, whereas CTm, GTm-H and GTrop models show better accuracy and stability throughout the whole China. These models generally have higher accuracy in regions with low latitude and lower accuracy in regions with middle and high latitudes. In addition, Linear and GPT3 models have poor accuracy in general, whereas GTm-H and CTm models are obviously less accurate and stable than GTrop model in regions with high latitude. These models show different accuracies across the four geographical regions of China, with GTrop model demonstrating the relatively better accuracy and stability. Therefore, the GTrop model is recommended to obtain Tm for calculating PWV in China.
Academic Stress Predicts Negative Emotions and Academic Performances: The Role of Mindset in Moderation Process

With different stress mindsets, people tend to take different measures when encountering stress. Due to the interference of traditional stereotypes, many individuals believe that overall pressure is still causing some negative effects on themselves. In the era of increasingly strong social pressure, high school students are especially faced with multiple academic pressures such as entering a university or maintaining a high GPA. Past studies have shown that these academic pressures will affect students' negative emotions and academic performance. Among these high-risk groups of academic stress, will the stress mindsets Chinese high school students and college students regulate the process when dealing with the impact of academic stress on students' negative emotions and academic performance? If so, what is the impact? What specific aspects are affected? Based on the above questions, this article explores the internal relationship between the stress mindset and the "academic stress affects the negative emotional academic performance of Chinese senior high school students and college students" via questionnaire. The results indicate that stress mindset moderates the process by which academic stress predicts negative emotions and that a positive mindset brings less negative emotions. Stress mindset does not necessarily moderate academic performance which is influenced by academic stress.
Near Field Sensing Applications with Tunable Beam Millimeter Wave Antenna Sensors in an All-in-One Chip Design

In this paper, a single-band beam control antenna is designed with a parallel coupler to realize a microstrip patch antenna passive wireless sensor in the form of a chip. It has a phase shift characteristic of the antenna radiation direction in the positive and negative directions. The antenna includes an orthogonal direction coupler design with a 90° parallel coupler in phase using a special structure that allows the whole chip area to be miniaturized while allowing the main beam angle to have a directivity function. The coupler is designed for the 28 GHz millimeter wave band. After feeding the patch antenna at the output port of the coupler and simultaneously feeding the excitation at the input port, the beam phase changes to +45° and +135° with a phase difference of 90°. The designed antenna size is 1160 μm × 790 μm, and the overall IC size is 1.2 mm × 1.2 mm. The power density simulation shows that the maximum power density is only 0.00797 W/kg for a 1 cm2 human sampling area, which means that the antenna sensor is suitable for use on human surfaces.
Spectroscopic observations of a sample of dwarf spirals galaxies. I.Oxygen abundances

The oxygen abundances for four dwarf spiral galaxies have been determined using long-slit spectroscopy. The abundances of these galaxies have not previously reported in the literature. Several HII regions were detected in each galaxy. The electronic temperature method could be used only in one region because of the lack of the auroral lines of oxygen or sulfur. Therefore, four different semi empirical methods were used in the abundance determinations and a weighted-average abundance is obtained. The abundances of three of the galaxies are sub solar for all the regions, one of them having a very low metallicity. Only three HII regions in the fourth galaxy show slightly over solar abundances. Three of the HII regions might have a PN embedded. A comparison with the oxygen abundances among different types of late-type galaxies (BCG, LSBG, dI, Sm) is made. The conclusion is that all of them show the same range in metallicity. Also, the log(N/O) is similar, showing a secondary behaviour for abundances larger than 8.2 dex in spite of the morphological type of the mother galaxy.
Intelligent Posture Training: Machine-Learning-Powered Human Sitting Posture Recognition Based on a Pressure-Sensing IoT Cushion

We present a solution for intelligent posture training based on accurate, real-time sitting posture monitoring using the LifeChair IoT cushion and supervised machine learning from pressure sensing and user body data. We demonstrate our system’s performance in sitting posture and seated stretch recognition tasks with over 98.82% accuracy in recognizing 15 different sitting postures and 97.94% in recognizing six seated stretches. We also show that user BMI divergence significantly affects posture recognition accuracy using machine learning. We validate our method’s performance in five different real-world workplace environments and discuss training strategies for the machine learning models. Finally, we propose the first smart posture data-driven stretch recommendation system in alignment with physiotherapy standards.
Identifying Risk and Resilience Factors in the Intergenerational Cycle of Maltreatment: Results From the TRANS-GEN Study Investigating the Effects of Maternal Attachment and Social Support on Child Attachment and Cardiovascular Stress Physiology

Introduction Childhood maltreatment (CM) is a developmental risk factor and can negatively influence later psychological functioning, health, and development in the next generation. A comprehensive understanding of the biopsychosocial underpinnings of CM transmission would allow to identify protective factors that could disrupt the intergenerational CM risk cycle. This study examined the consequences of maternal CM and the effects of psychosocial and biological resilience factors on child attachment and stress-regulatory development using a prospective trans-disciplinary approach. Methods Mother-child dyads (N = 158) participated shortly after parturition (t0), after 3 months (t1), and 12 months later (t2). Mothers’ CM experiences were assessed at t0, attachment representation at t1 and psychosocial risk and social support were assessed at t1 and t2. At t2, dyads participated in the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP). Children’s attachmen status were classified as organized vs. disorganized, including their level of disorganized behavior, and heart rate (HR) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) were recorded as stress response measures of the autonomic nervous system. Maternal caregiving during SSP was assessed using the AMBIANCE scale. Child’s single nucleotide polymorphisms rs2254298 within the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) and rs2740210 of the oxytocin gene (OXT) were genotyped using DNA isolated from cord blood. Results Maternal CM experiences (CM+) were significantly associated with an unresolved attachment status, higher perceived stress and more psychological symptoms. These negative effects of CM were attenuated by social support. As expected, maternal unresolved attachment and child disorganized attachment were significantly associated. Maternal caregiving did not mediate the relationship between maternal and child attachment but influenced children’s HR and RSA response and disorganized behavior. Moreover, the rs2254298 genotype of the OXTR gene moderated the stress response of children from mothers with CM. Children carrying the rs2740210 risk allele of the OXT gene showed more disorganized behavior independent from maternal CM experiences. Conclusion We replicated and extended existing CM and attachment models by co-examining maternal attachment, social support, and child genetic susceptibility on child attachment and cardiovascular stress regulation. The findings contribute to an extended understanding of risk and resilience factors and enable professionals to target adequate services to parents and children at risk.
Ultra-processed foods and total sugars intake in Korea: evidence from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Dietary sugars intake worldwide is stable or decreasing, but overall sugars intake remains above the recommended level. Some studies suggest that ultra-processed foods (UPFs) drive excessive sugars intake. However, UPF consumption in Korea and its association with sugars intake have not yet been studied. This study aimed to estimate the contribution of UPF consumption to total sugars intake and to investigate the association between UPF consumption and total sugars intake in Koreans. SUBJECTS/METHODS Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2018 were used, and included data on 21,075 participants aged 1+ years completed a 24-h recall. Food items reported in the 24-h recall were classified according to the NOVA system as UPFs, processed foods, processed culinary ingredients, or unprocessed or minimally processed foods. RESULTS The average daily energy intake was 1,996 kcal, and UPFs accounted for 26.2% of the total energy intake (% TE). The average total sugars intake was 63.1 g (13.0% TE), and 44.9% of total sugars intake came from UPFs. Among the entire population, 15.8% exceeded the recommended limit for total sugars within 20% TE, and excessive total sugars intake was more prevalent among females (19.5%) and children (21.1%). The prevalence of excessive total sugars intake showed a significantly increasing tendency across the quartiles of UPF energy contribution, ranging from 11.9% in the lowest quartile to 23.2% in the highest quartile. Even after adjustment for sociodemographic variables, UPF consumption was positively associated with the prevalence of excessive total sugars intake (P for trend < 0.001). This association was similar in subgroup analyses by sex and age. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that UPF consumption may drive excessive intake of total sugars in the Korean diet. Our findings conclusively establish that restricting UPF consumption may be an efficient way to reduce sugars intake in Korean population.
Reducing Requirements Ambiguity via Gamification: Comparison with Traditional Techniques

Requirements elicitation is one of the most significant activities of requirements engineering (RE) process. Poorly specified requirements can lead to a failed project. Various elicitation techniques are used to elicit requirements from the users and other stakeholders, each having its own pros and cons. Lack of user engagement, less user involvement, textual nature of the requirements, time taking process are some of the major problems that make it difficult to perform elicitation via traditional techniques. Moreover, these problems further create other challenges such as ambiguity, inconsistency, and incompleteness in requirements. Currently, researchers have focused on reducing ambiguity in requirements with the help of different techniques such as natural language processing techniques, requirement templates, and formal methods; however, these techniques work on reducing ambiguity during specification or from specified requirements. One of the “young' and exciting way of engaging users in requirements elicitation of a system is “Gamification', which helps in user engagement into the system. We intend to discover how gamification helps in reducing ambiguity by engaging stakeholders in an interactive manner. In this review study, we have reviewed traditional techniques used to detect and reduce requirements ambiguity. On the contrary, we have also presented the significance of gamification in requirements elicitation and the popular but effective game elements used in similar systems. Furthermore, this study highlights the significance of using gamification in requirements elicitation, which is beneficial to software development team as well as the users involved in the system.
Does Carbon Trading Lead to Green Technology Innovation: Recent Evidence From Chinese Companies in Resource-Based Industries

The carbon emission trading scheme (ETS) is critical to China's ability to reach the established carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions reduction goal by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. To determine whether the pilot ETS policy promulgated in China in 2011 has induced green technological innovation, we conducted a multidimensional empirical test to assess the financial and green patent licensing data of Chinese A-share (publicly listed) enterprises in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2004 to 2019. Using a difference-in-difference model with robustness checks, we did not find that the pilot ETS has had green innovation effects on entire industries or all manufacturing. However, we did identify significant green innovation improvements in some resource-based industrial enterprises, and the promotion effect led to more green utility models than green invention patents. Furthermore, the policy's greatest green-innovation effects are reflected primarily in new patents/utility models for low-carbon, energy-saving, and alternative energy technologies, particularly among large and nonstate enterprises. The impact mechanism tests indicate that the pilot policy encourages green innovation primarily through four policy instruments: increasing benefit income for resource-based industrial enterprises, reducing financial constraints, granting subsidies, and increasing incentives for enterprise R&D. Therefore, this article not only confirms the effectiveness of carbon emission trading market policy, but also provides scientific guidance for the realization of green technology innovation.
Perivascular spaces visible on magnetic resonance imaging predict subsequent delirium in older patients

Background It remains unknown whether perivascular spaces (PVS) are associated with delirium in older hospitalized patients. We aimed to determine the association between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-visible PVS and the risk of delirium in a cohort of older patients. Methods We consecutively recruited older patients (≥70 years) admitted to the Geriatric Department of West China Hospital between March 2016 and July 2017, and their imaging data within one year before admission were reviewed retrospectively. PVS was rated on axial T2-weighted images in the basal ganglia (BG) and centrum semiovale (CS) using the validated semiquantitative 4-point ordinal scale. Delirium was screened within 24 h of admission and three times daily thereafter, using the confusion assessment method. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the associations between PVS and delirium. Results Among 114 included patients (mean age 84.3 years, 72.8% male), delirium occurred in 20 (17.5%). In patients with MRI examined within 6 months before admission, CS-PVS was found to be associated with delirium (odds ratio [OR] 3.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-14.06, unadjusted; and OR 4.24, 95% CI 1.11-16.28, adjusted for age). The associations were enhanced and remained significant even after full adjustment of covariates (OR 7.16, 95% CI 1.16-44.32, adjusted for age, cognitive impairment, smoking, and Charlson Comorbidity Index). Similarly, the relationships between high CS-PVS and delirium were also strengthened after sequentially adjusting all variables of interest, with OR 4.17 (95% CI 1.04-16.73) in unadjusted model and OR 7.95 (95% CI 1.14-55.28) in fully-adjusted model. Adding CS-PVS to the established risk factors improved the risk reclassification for delirium (continuous net reclassification index 62.1%, P = 0.04; and integrated discrimination improvement 12.5%, P = 0.01). Conclusions CS-PVS on MRI acquired 6 months earlier predicts subsequent delirium in older patients and may have clinical utility in delirium risk stratification to enable proactive interventions.