Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Case Report Red Bull and Mania

Background: Energy drinks are promoted for their stimulant effects including increased attention, performance and endurance. However, recent reports have raised concerns about their use in children and youth. Case presentation: In this case report I describe a case of a young man with no previous psychiatric history who was involuntarily hospitalized for severe manic symptoms following the heavy use of Red Bull. Conclusion: To my knowledge, this is the first case report describing the onset of mania following the ingestion of Red Bull. Clinicians should incorporate questions regarding the use of energy drinks in the routine assessment of young individuals presenting with mania (German J Psychiatry 2010; 13(4): 178-180).
Kinetic and Molecular Analysis of 5-Epiaristolochene 1,3-Dihydroxylase, a Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Catalyzing Successive Hydroxylations of Sesquiterpenes*

The final step of capsidiol biosynthesis is catalyzed by 5-epiaristolochene dihydroxylase (EAH), a cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the regio- and stereospecific insertion of two hydroxyl moieties into the bicyclic sesquiterpene 5-epiaristolochene (EA). Detailed kinetic studies using EA and the two possible monohydroxylated intermediates demonstrated the release of 1β-hydroxy-EA ((OH)EA) at high EA concentrations and a 10-fold catalytic preference for 1β(OH)EA versus 3α(OH)EA, indicative of a preferred reaction order of hydroxylation at C-1, followed by that at C-3. Sequence alignments and homology modeling identified active-site residues tested for their contribution to substrate specificity and overall enzymatic activity. Mutants EAH-S368C and EAH-S368V exhibited wild-type catalytic efficiencies for 1β(OH)EA biosynthesis, but were devoid of the successive hydroxylation activity for capsidiol biosynthesis. In contrast to EAH-S368C, EAH-S368V catalyzed the relative equal biosynthesis of 1β(OH)EA, 2β(OH)EA, and 3β(OH)EA from EA with wild-type efficiency. Moreover, EAH-S368V converted ∼1.5% of these monohydroxylated products to their respective ketone forms. Alanine and threonine mutations at position 368 were significantly compromised in their conversion rates of EA to capsidiol and correlated with 3.6- and 5.7-fold increases in their Km values for the 1β(OH)EA intermediate, respectively. A role for Ile486 in the successive hydroxylations of EA was also suggested by the EAH-I468A mutant, which produced significant amounts 1β(OH)EA, but negligible amounts of capsidiol from EA. The altered product profile of the EAH-I486A mutant correlated with a 3.6-fold higher Km for EA and a 4.4-fold slower turnover rate (kcat) for 1β(OH)EA. These kinetic and mutational studies were correlated with substrate docking predictions to suggest how Ser368 and Ile486 might contribute to active-site topology, substrate binding, and substrate presentation to the oxo-Fe-heme reaction center.
Building Domain Ontologies Out of Folksonomies and Linked Data

In this paper we propose an automatic method for building domain ontologies where we leverage the emerging vocabulary from social tagging systems, and the existing semantics in the Linked Open Data cloud to enrich semantically the terms that shape the domain ontology. We systematically capture a domain vocabulary by searching for relevant resources in the folksonomy graph using a spreading activation strategy. We use the vocabulary to identify domain classes and relationships among them by querying knowledge bases published as linked data. We present a case study in the financial domain where we experiment with different settings and show the feasibility of our approach using real folksonomy data.
The role of emotions in online information seeking and sharing: A case study of consumer awareness

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to specify the role of emotions played in information seeking and sharing taking place in online discussion forum. To this end, an explorative study was made that focussed on consumer awareness. Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on the analysis of a sample of 30 discussion threads containing altogether 1,630 messages available in Canadian Content – a major online platform. The expression of emotions was examined by using the categories of the interaction process analysis (IPA) model. Two research questions were addressed: first, what kind of emotions are expressed in the four functional areas of the IPA model when discussing online about consumer awareness? and second, what is the role of positive and negative emotions in information seeking and sharing about the above topic? The data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis. Findings – Of the emotional expressions, 42 percent were positive and 58 percent negati.
The Dimension of Focussed Attention: Relationship to Behavior and Cognitive Functioning in Children

A sample of 73 nonreferred school children were administered a newly developed Visual Focussed-attention Test along with other measures of attentional, cognitive, and behavioral functioning. Internal reliability and construct validity for the test were established. Children were then divided into underfocussed (distractible, n = 6), normofocussed (n = 38), and overfocussed (n = 5) groups based upon their test scores. The three groups did not differ with regard to age, intellectual functioning, or academic achievement. However, the underfocussed and overfocussed groups contained a greater proportion of behaviorally disturbed children than the normofocussed group. Underfocussed children, as a group, were rated higher than normofocussed, but not higher than overfocussed children on the Hyperactivity factor of the Conners Teacher Questionnaire. The significance of these focussed attention deficits is reviewed in relation to the more familiar concepts of distractibility and hyperactivity.
Combining Particle Swarm Optimisation with Genetic Algorithm for Contextual Analysis of Medical Images

Micro aneurysms are one of the first visible clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy and their detection can help diagnose the progression of the disease. In this paper, we propose to use a hybrid evolutionary algorithm to evolve the structure and parameters of a Hidden Markov Model to obtain an optimised model that best represents the different contexts of micro aneurysms sub images. This technique not only identifies the optimal number of states, but also determines the topology of the Hidden Markov Model, along with the initial model parameters. We also make a comparison between evolutionary algorithms to determine the best method to obtain an optimised model.
On the design of energy-efficient location tracking mechanism in location-aware computing

The battery, in contrast to other hardware, is not governed by Moore's Law. In location-aware computing, power is a very limited resource. As a consequence, recently, a number of promising techniques in various layers have been proposed to reduce the energy consumption. The paper considers the problem of minimizing the energy used to track the location of mobile user over a wireless link in mobile computing. Energy-efficient location update protocol can be done by reducing the number of location update messages as possible and switching off as long as possible. This can be achieved by the concept of mobility-awareness we propose. For this purpose, this paper proposes a novel mobility model, called state-based mobility model (SMM) to provide more generalized framework for both describing the mobility and updating location information of complexly moving objects. We also introduce the state-based location update protocol (SLUP) based on this mobility model. An extensive experiment on various synthetic datasets shows that the proposed method improves the energy efficiency by 2 ∼ 3 times with the additional 10% of imprecision cost.
Borrelia burgdorferi lipoproteins are secreted to the outer surface by default

Borrelia spirochaetes are unique among diderm bacteria in their abundance of surface‐displayed lipoproteins, some of which play important roles in the pathogenesis of Lyme disease and relapsing fever. To identify the lipoprotein‐sorting signals in Borrelia burgdorferi, we generated chimeras between the outer surface lipoprotein OspA, the periplasmic oligopeptide‐binding lipoprotein OppAIV and mRFP1, a monomeric red fluorescent reporter protein. Localization of OspA and OppAIV point mutants showed that Borrelia lipoproteins do not follow the ‘+2’ sorting rule which targets lipoproteins to the cytoplasmic or outer membrane of Gram‐negative bacteria via the Lol pathway. Fusions of mRFP1 to short N‐terminal lipopeptides of OspA, and surprisingly OppAIV, were targeted to the spirochaetal surface. Mutagenesis of the OspA N‐terminus defined less than five N‐terminal amino acids as the minimal secretion‐facilitating signal. With the exception of negative charges, which can act as partial subsurface retention signals in certain peptide contexts, lipoprotein secretion occurs independent of N‐terminal sequence. Together, these data indicate that Borrelia lipoproteins are targeted to the bacterial surface by default, but can be retained in the periplasm by sequence‐specific signals.
Use of sensor noise for source identification

A type of sensor noise known as photo response nonuniformity noise (PRNU) has been used in digital forensic applications. It can be considered as a fingerprint of the sensor which can uniquely identify each individual device. The reliability of the PRNU in device identification, however, depends on how accurate the noise is extracted from the digital data. If the noise is contaminated by the content of the digital data, the identification accuracy will drop. In this paper, we propose a novel wavelet-based denoising approach to reliably extract the PRNU. The denoising operation is applied adaptively so as to remove the scene content that is found in the noise. 10 cameras and 1133 samples are used to examine the effectiveness of the proposed method. Experimental results showed that the proposed method outperforms existing method in terms of identification accuracy and false acceptance rate.
The emotionally competent leader.

Aristotle once challenged man "to be angry with the right person, to the right degree, at the right time, for the right purpose, and in the right way" (The Nicomachean Ethics). Daniel Goleman, Ph.D., a journalist for the New York Times, expands on this statement in his new book, "Emotional Intelligence. " He defines emotional intelligence as the ability to rein in emotional impulses, to read another's innermost feelings and to handle relationships and conflict smoothly. This new model of intelligence puts emotions at the center of our aptitudes for living. Goleman asserts that these emotional aptitudes can preserve relationships, protect our health and improve our success at work. The following adaptation from "Emotional Intelligence" (Bantam Books, 1995) offers suggestions to managers and supervisors on how they can create a more cost-effective and healthier workplace for their employees by becoming more aware of their own emotional. intelligence.
Balancing and Synchronization Control of a Two Wheel Inverted Pendulum Vehicle

Abstract—A two wheel inverted pendulum (TWIP) vehicle is built with two hub DC motors for motion control evaluation. Arduino Nano micro-processor is chosen as the control kernel for this electric test plant. Accelerometer and gyroscope sensors are built in to measure the tilt angle and angular velocity of the inverted pendulum vehicle. Since the TWIP has significantly hub motor dead zone and nonlinear system dynamics characteristics, the vehicle system is difficult to control by traditional model based controller. The intelligent model-free fuzzy sliding mode controller (FSMC) was employed as the main control algorithm. Then, intelligent controllers are designed for TWIP balance control, and two wheels synchronization control purposes.
CT pulmonary angiography: quantification of pulmonary embolus as a predictor of patient outcome--initial experience.

PURPOSE To determine whether quantification of pulmonary embolus (PE) with computed tomographic (CT) pulmonary angiography by using a standardized index is a predictor of patient outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Multi-detector row CT was performed in 59 hospitalized patients (mean age, 61 years; age range, 22-89 years). PE was identified retrospectively by two radiologists who were blinded to patient outcome. A pulmonary arterial obstruction index was derived for each set of images on the basis of embolus size and location. By using logistic regression, PE indexes were compared with patient outcome-survival or death-to determine if there was a correlation between PE volume and survival. RESULTS The PE index is a significant predictor of patient outcome (P =.002). One of 53 patients (1.9%) with an index of less than 60% died. Cause of death was end-stage malignancy. Five of six patients (83%) with an index of 60% and higher died. All five deaths were related to the presence of PE. The one survivor with a PE index higher than 60% received thrombolytic therapy. By using a cutoff of 60%, the PE index was used to identify 52 of 53 (98%) patients who survived and five of six (83%) patients who died. CONCLUSION Preliminary evidence suggests that quantification of clot with CT pulmonary angiography is an important predictor of patient death in the setting of PE.
Switchable and High-Isolation Diplexer With Wide Stopband

This letter presents a switchable diplexer composed of a stepped-impedance distributed coupling feeding line, four different quarter-wavelength stepped-impedance resonators (SIRs), two shunt open stubs, two p-i-n diodes, and bias circuitry. Compared with previous works, the proposed circuit features compactness, wide stopband, high selectivity, and independently switchable channels. To suppress harmonics, various quarter-wavelength SIRs with the same fundamental frequency but harmonic frequencies in stagger are used. Open stubs are also adopted to achieve an optimal stopband response. To meet the demands of reconfigurable application in wireless communication systems, switching circuit is integrated into the proposed diplexer to develop a switchable diplexer. In this way, mismatch losses during integration and circuit size are both further reduced. Simulations and measurements have been carried out to verify the design concept with good agreement.
ASSOCIATION STUDY BETWEEN OLIGODENDROCYTE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 2 GENE AND OBSESSIVE–COMPULSIVE DISORDER IN A CHINESE HAN POPULATION

Oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (OLIG2) is primarily concentrated in the brain and spinal cord ventricular zone, where this protein stimulates oligodendrocytes and specific neurons, determines motor neuron and oligodendrocyte differentiation, and sustains replication in early development. Recent studies have demonstrated that OLIG2 gene is associated with mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, mood disorder, and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD).
Dominant Mutants of Ceruloplasmin Impair the Copper Loading Machinery in Aceruloplasminemia*

The multicopper oxidase ceruloplasmin plays a key role in iron homeostasis, and its ferroxidase activity is required to stabilize cell surface ferroportin, the only known mammalian iron exporter. Missense mutations causing the rare autosomal neurodegenerative disease aceruloplasminemia were investigated by testing their ability to prevent ferroportin degradation in rat glioma C6 cells silenced for endogenous ceruloplasmin. Most of the mutants did not complement (i.e. did not stabilize ferroportin) because of the irreversible loss of copper binding ability. Mutant R701W, which was found in a heterozygous very young patient with severe neurological problems, was unable to complement per se but did so in the presence of copper-glutathione or when the yeast copper ATPase Ccc2p was co-expressed, indicating that the protein was structurally able to bind copper but that metal loading involving the mammalian copper ATPase ATP7B was impaired. Notably, R701W exerted a dominant negative effect on wild type, and it induced the subcellular relocalization of ATP7B. Our results constitute the first evidence of “functional silencing” of ATP7B as a novel molecular defect in aceruloplasminemia. The possibility to reverse the deleterious effects of some aceruloplasminemia mutations may disclose new possible therapeutic strategies.
Fully Integrated Ultra-Low Voltage Step-up Converter with Voltage Doubling LC-Tank for Energy Harvesting Applications

This paper reports the design, fabrication, and validation of a novel integrated interface circuit for ultra-low voltage step up converter in 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The circuit does not use off-chip components. Fully integrated centre-tap differential inductors are introduced in the proposed LC oscillator design to achieve 38% area reduction compared to the use of four separate inductors. The efficiency of the system is hence enhanced through the elimination of clock buffer circuits traditionally utilized to drive the step-up converter. The experimental results prove that the system can self-start, and step 0.25 V up to 1.7 V to supply a 46 μW load with 15.5% efficiency. The minimum validated input voltage is 0.15 V, which is boosted up to 1.2 V under open circuit conditions.
Cross-adaptation to cadmium stress in Plantago ovata by pre-exposure to low dose of gamma rays: Effects on metallothionein and metal content

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effects of gamma pre-exposure on cadmium accumulation in Plantago ovata seedlings. Metallothionein (MT) localization was also studied following Cadmium (Cd) treatment in P. ovata. Materials and methods: DNA damage was determined by alkaline comet assay. MT gene and protein expression were studied by real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry, respectively, in root and shoot tissues. Metal accumulation (Cd, zinc [Zn], iron [Fe]) was evaluated by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Results: Cd treatment decreased seed germination rate, biomass and free radical scavenging activity and increased DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner. When P. ovata seeds were pre- exposed to 5 Gy gamma dose (prior to Cd treatment) seed germination rate, biomass and free radical scavenging activity increased significantly. MT genes (PoMT1, PoMT2 and PoMT3) and MT protein expression enhanced when 5 Gy gamma-irradiated seeds were grown in Cd containing medium and Cd accumulation also increased in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: Higher Cd accumulation in P. ovata seedlings may be attributed to the upregulation of PoMT genes in gamma pretreated seedlings. Localization of metallothionein in cytosol and nucleus indicated its positive role against Cd-mediated cytotoxic and genotoxic effects.
Arterial concentrations of nitrous oxide during intermittent patient-controlled inhalation of 50 percent nitrous oxide in oxygen (Entonox) during the first stage of labour.

Measurements were made in 15 mothers of the arterial concentrations of nitrous oxide at the end of periods of inhalation of 50% nitrous oxide. The mean arterial concentrations, from all the patients, would be equivalent to breathing 26.4% nitrous oxide until equilibrium had been reached between the inspired concentration and the blood. The low measured blood levels are related to such factors as the short duration of inhalation, ventilation-perfusion defects in labour and the almost complete elimination of nitrous oxide between each contraction.
Selective Neuronal Vulnerability in HIV Encephalitis

Recent studies of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) encephalitis have shown that in addition to well established white matter damage, the neocortex shows thinning, loss of large neurons and dendritic damage. In order to identify neuronal populations affected in HIV encephalitis and to determine how neuronal damage relates to the severity of HIV infection within the nervous system, we quantified parvalbumin (PV+) and neurofilament (NF+) immunoreactive neurons in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. We found that in the neocortex, the density of NF+ and PV+ neurons was independent of severity of HIV encephalitis, and therefore changes in these neuronal subsets did not account for previously reported neuronal loss. However, neuritic processes of PV+ neurons were fragmented, atrophic and in some cases distended. In contrast to the frontal cortex, there was a trend toward decreased density of PV+ neurons in the hippocampus which only reached significance in the CA3 layer where there was a 50–90% decrease in PV+ neurons. This decrease was closely correlated with the severity of HI V encephalitis. Double-label immunocytochemical analysis confirmed neuritic damage to intemeurons. These results suggest that HIV encephalitis differentially involves specific subpopulations of neurons. Since direct HIV infection of neuronal cells was not detected, damage to PV+ cells and fibers may be indirectly mediated by cytokines released by HIV-infected microglia.
Spectral quality control in motion‐corrupted single‐voxel J‐difference editing scans: An interleaved navigator approach

Motion has an adverse effect on spectral quality and needs to be properly identified in MR spectroscopy (MRS) scans. Spectral subtraction‐based techniques like J‐difference editing are prone to be affected more by subject motion where motion can result in false peaks or inefficient subtraction of peaks. Introducing a water signal‐based interleaved navigator scan in the MEGA point‐resolved spectroscopy (MEGA‐PRESS) sequence and acquiring data on a shot‐by‐shot basis, subject motion inside a scanner was tracked and motion‐corrupted data were identified and excluded from the dataset. Performing a γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) editing scan at the occipital cortex, it was possible to retrieve a properly edited GABA spectrum from a dataset otherwise to be discarded due to motion. This study demonstrates the importance of independent motion assessment in J‐difference editing. Magn Reson Med 58:808–812, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Methods for analysing recurrent events in health care data. Examples from admissions in Ebeltoft Health Promotion Project.

BACKGROUND Evaluation of health care contacts from first events alone often misses large amounts of potentially important data and may produce different results than evaluation of all data including recurrent events. OBJECTIVE We aim to bring the different methodological approaches for analysing longitudinal health care data to the attention of researchers in primary care. METHODS We used hospital admission data from the Ebeltoft Health Promotion Project, a randomized trial in primary care examining the effect of preventive health checks. Comparisons included three randomized groups: an intervention group receiving health checks, a group where intervention consisted of a health check followed by a health discussion with the GP and one control group. RESULTS Both intervention groups had approximately 20% fewer hospital admissions than the control group over a 6 year period. If dependence among recurrent events is excluded, such a reduction amounts to a highly significant effect. Use of the standard Poisson distribution for analysing recurrent events and exclusion of their dependent structure causes data interpretation to be incorrect, because the model does not account for the extra variability between persons; the resulting 95% CIs would therefore be too small. CONCLUSION Analysis of health care contacts should embrace both first and recurrent events and it should use a model appropriate to these data. An individual rate model that includes a parameter of an unspecified individual event distribution frailty may be a natural choice when analysing longitudinal data of contacts to the health care system in broad terms.