Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Australian methane budget: Interpreting surface and train‐borne measurements using a chemistry transport model

[1] We investigate the Australian methane budget from 2005–2008 using the GEOS-Chem 3D chemistry transport model, focusing on the relative contribution of emissions from different sectors and the influence of long-range transport. To evaluate the model, we use in situ surface measurements of methane, methane dry air column average (XCH4) from ground-based Fourier transform spectrometers (FTSs), and train-borne surface concentration measurements from an in situ FTS along the north–south continental transect. We use gravity anomaly data from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment to describe the spatial and temporal distribution of wetland emissions and scale it to a prior emission estimate, which better describes observed atmospheric methane variability at tropical latitudes. The clean air sites of Cape Ferguson and Cape Grim are the least affected by local emissions, while Wollongong, located in the populated southeast with regional coal mining, samples the most locally polluted air masses (2.5% of the total air mass versus <1% at other sites). Averaged annually, the largest single source above background of methane at Darwin is long-range transport, mainly from Southeast Asia, accounting for ∼25% of the change in surface concentration above background. At Cape Ferguson and Cape Grim, emissions from ruminant animals are the largest source of methane above background, at approximately 20% and 30%, respectively, of the surface concentration. At Wollongong, emissions from coal mining are the largest source above background representing 60% of the surface concentration. The train data provide an effective way of observing transitions between urban, desert, and tropical landscapes.
A Comparative Study between Younger and Older Users on Mobile Interface Navigation

Mobile interface navigation is an important aspect when directly manipulating the mobile technologies, yet the navigation behavior is not well understood at the level of visual presentation of navigation elements and task complexity for users among different age groups. This comparative study utilized an experiment to compare the mobile interface navigation between younger and older user groups, by examining three types of visual presentations and three levels of task complexity. The results showed that there were significant differences between age groups in navigation efficiency, effectiveness and subjective evaluation. In addition, the navigation performance was significantly lower when the task required more information sources to be remembered and integrated, especially for older users. However, no significant effect of visual presentation was reported on the navigation performance and subjective evaluation. Understanding the mobile interface navigation behavior among different age groups will assist in designing appropriate visual presentation of navigation elements and keeping task complexity to an accepted level for targeted user groups. Keywordsage; mobile interface; navigation; task complexity; visual presentation.
Psychosocial risk factors for adolescent smoking: A school-based study1

Smoking among adolescents is one of the main concerns for the public health systems in most developed countries. The knowledge of which individual and social risk factors are the most influential for the development of nicotine addiction would help to improve procedures aimed at reducing tobacco use and to develop not only efficacious but efficient prevention programs. The main purpose of this ex post facto study was to detect psychosocial variables related to adolescent smoking. Study participants were 2,840 adolescents aged 12 to 16. Age, gender, perceived availability, weekly income, perceived risk of harm, familyand peer-use, drive for thinness, and self-esteem were selected as predictive variables. The logistic model estimated revealed that smoking in the adolescent’s social context (friends and/or partners who are smokers) was the most determinant variable for tobacco use. Future research directions and proposals are discussed in relation to the implications of these findings for adolescent smoking prevention programs.
Awareness and adoption of improved cassava varieties and processing technologies in Nigeria

Development of high yielding and disease resistant cassava varieties, coupled with the promotion of efficient processing technologies, was the principal intervention aimed at changing the cassava subsector in Nigeria. National research and extension programs in Nigeria and IITA have been spearheading efforts to disseminate these varieties alongside improving farmer’s access to processing machineries. Several Research-for-Development (R4D) projects were implemented to this effect between early 1980 to date. This paper investigated the effects of improved cassava varieties and processing technologies on adopting households. It also attempts to test and establish the link between adoption of improved cassava varieties and access to processing technologies. The data used in this paper come from a sample household survey of 952 households conducted in four regions of Nigeria. The results showed that in all the study sites farmers grow mixture of improved and local cassava varieties. They process cassava at home using small processing machines and also using services of commercial processors. The most common processed cassava products were found to be garri and fufu. Adopters of improved cassava varieties have higher cassava yield of 16 tons/ha compared to 11 ton/ha for non-adopters. There was also significant yield variation between villages that participated (15 tons/ha) in research for development (R4D) training and those which did not (13 tons/ha). The bivariate probit model estimates showed a strong relationship between adoption of improved cassava varieties and farmers’ access to grating machines. Moreover, farmers that were members of either community organizations or cooperative organizations had a higher tendency of using improved varieties than others, suggesting that the introduction of new cassava varieties would be enhanced by farmers’ access to processing facilities and services. Moreover, training of farmers and processors through R4D programs has led to increased use of improved technologies.
DETECTION OF WATER SURFACES IN FULL-WAVEFORM LASER SCANNING DATA

Airborne laser scanning has become a standard method for recording topographic data. A new generation of laser scanners digitises the complete waveform of the backscattered signal and thus offers the possibility of analysing the signal shape. As a product of the laser scanning, a digital surface model (DSM) or a digital terrain model (DTM) can be derived. In water regions, data acquisition by laser scanning is limited to the water surface because the near-infrared laser pulses hardly penetrate water. Therefore, a height model generated from laser scanner point clouds over water regions does not represent the actual terrain. The generation of a DTM thus requires the detection of water surfaces. In this study, a method for the detection and classification of water surfaces in airborne laser scanning data is proposed. The method works with both geometrical features (e.g. height or height variation) and characteristics of the pulses derived from the full waveform of the returned signal (e.g. intensity or pulse width). In our strategy, based on fuzzy logic, all classification parameters are derived automatically from training areas. According to their statistical distributions, the features are considered with individual weights. The aim of this paper is to analyse crucial features for classification and to investigate the potential of full waveform laser scanning data for this application. We present results from different areas with lakes and rivers, analysing the contribution of the individual groups of features for the detection of water surfaces.
Deep Ecology: Educational Possibilities for the Twenty-First Century.

Fritjof Capra’s two-part lecture presents the fundamentals of systems thinking and sustainability along with the power of an ecologically comprehensive theory to shape education to fit the needs of human development in relation to the environment. Dr. Capra aims for the big picture emphasizing that effective learning is a system embedded in the web of life, which is yet another system. It gives us the ability to see the interconnectedness of the environment, of the community, of the natural world all at once—“a network of phenomena that are fundamentally interconnected. ” Capra maintains that systems theory, including systems learning, is a new way of seeing the world as living connections in which humans are playing their part in finding a real sense of belonging by working in direct contact with the natural world and all of its facets.
Detection and classification of steel defects using machine vision and SVM classifier

the importance of quality control of steel products is increasing day by day in the manufacturing industrial systems because it offers the possibility of knowing the state of the products without stopping the production line which allows the control of a defect before it becomes a complex problem and avoiding production losses. Human quality control of steel products remains tedious, fatiguing, bit fast, bit robust, dangerous or impossible, therefore the use of automated vision system can significantly improve the quality inspection process, because the machine vision technology can overcomes the majority of manual inspection problems cited above and provide an interesting solution especially, with the impressive increasing of computing power of today's computers and the good quality of images that offer the current cameras.The main objective of this research is to propose an efficient control system based on machine vision technology and SVM classifier to classify different types of steel defects.
Is There a Stable Relationship between Unemployment and Future Inflation?

The empirical literature on the stability of the Phillips curve has largely ignored the bias that endogenous monetary policy imparts on estimated Phillips curve coefficients. We argue that this omission has important implications. When policy is endogenous, estimation based on aggregate data can be uninformative as to the existence of a stable relationship between unemployment and future inflation. But we also argue that regional data can be used to identify the structural relationship between unemployment and inflation. Using city-level and state-level data from 1977 to 2017, we show that both the reduced form and the structural parameters of the Phillips curve are, to a substantial degree, quite stable over time.
Coupling utility performance targets with catchment management

Institutional reform of state-owned water utilities serving urban areas has often set out to turn them into effective and efficient organisations, so that they can become excellent service providers. However, the pursuit of such objectives, which are often based on commercial targets, woefully ignores efficient catchment management. In view of this, this study reviews the case of the Cross State Water Board (CRSWB) Ltd in Calabar, eastern Nigeria. It identifies the serial neglect of the local watershed as a factor responsible for its operational and maintenance costs. It therefore argues for the need to develop and integrate catchment or ecosystem indicators into overall performance indicators currently used in setting and monitoring performance by the water utility as well as other utilities elsewhere, their owners or regulators. Such socio-ecological considerations as manifest in a catchment, according to the paper, are vital in building appropriate resilience against hazard risks such as flooding, land.
Density Functional Study of Electronic and Structural Properties of Gold-Cadmium Selenide/Telluride Nanoclusters

Semiconductor nanowires are one class of building blocks that show promise for application in nanoscale electronics. Metal-semiconductor nanowire helps to improve the electrical properties or create unique ones. Electronic and structural properties of cadmium selenide/telluride connected to gold electrode clusters have been the focus of this research due to their importance in constructing fast microelectric devices. The simulations were carried out by using VASP (Vienna Ab-Initio Simulation Package) which utilizes the method of density functional theory (DFT) and plane wave basis set. Optimization was performed to obtain the minimum energy structure. In this research paper the result shows that the HOMO-LUMO gaps for the minimum energy cadmium selenide/telluride connected to gold electrodes decrease as cluster size increases, whereas the binding energy shows a reverse relationship with the cluster size. However, a few clusters show special properties like AuCd2Se3 and AuCd2Te3 clusters.
The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on the Achievement of Accounting Subject

Emotional intelligence which can be defined as the ability to understand the emotions of oneself and others is one of the topics gaining importance in terms of particularly controlling and channeling emotions. Although there are many studies on emotional intelligence in the literature, there is limited number of studies focusing on accounting education. Emotional Quotient Inventory developed by Bar-On (1997) has been used in this study which is focused the impact of emotional intelligence on accounting subject. In the survey carried out on 177 students who are attending accounting lessons in two different state universities in Turkey, it has been found that Independency, Self-Fulfillment, Social Responsibility, Flexibility and Problem Solving which are the components of emotional intelligence had an impact on the achievement of accounting subject. Therefore, it has been concluded that some sub-components of the emotional intelligence are influential on accounting achievement.
THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STRIPA GRANITE

The mechanical properties of Stripa granite are presented as determined from small (laboratory size), oven-dried specimens, The properties determined include Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, unaxial compressive fracture stress, and the expansion coefficient, all as a function of temperature, In addition the Brazilian tensile fracture stress, residual shear strength as a function of a normal stress and the rock's anisotropy ratios are presented, Finally ultrasonic determinations at 1 MHz of the rock's dilatational wave velocity are given and the deduced Young's modulus is compared with the static value for room temperature. This report is one of a series documenting the results of the Swedish-American cooperative research program in which the cooperating scientists explore the geological, geophysical, hydrological, geochemical, and structural effects anticipated from the use of a large crystalline rock mass as a geologic repository for nuclear waste.
Towards a Concept of Parental Authority in Adolescence

The notion of authority is common in the literature on parent-child relationships. However, the notion of ‘parental authority’ remains largely unspecified. The present article first critically reviews conceptualisations of parental authority in selected developmental-psychological approaches. We find the absence of an explicit and integrated theoretical and empirical conceptualisation of parental authority, as well as a certain lack of consistency in the application of the concept. Against the background of this review, we suggest initial steps towards a concept of parental authority as relational, dynamic and co-constituted in the sense of a joint product and outcome of family relationships.
Analysis of Factors that Affecting the Activities of Anoa (Bubalus depresicornis and quarlesi) Hunting in Donggala District, Central Sulawesi

Wildlife hunting activities, especially Anoa were still done by the community at Sibado Sirenja village, District Donggala District. This activity is conducted to determine the factors that cause the activity of Anoa hunting activities in the community level in increasing household income and food fulfillment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the factors that influence the occurrence of Anoa hunting activities. The research used descriptive verification method through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis, data analysis was done with Partial Least Square and SmartPLS software. The result of analysis obtained by determinant coefficient (R2) variables that influence the development of Anoa is the rise of Anoa hunting (Y1) equal to 0623 with value of t-statistic 13,203 and preservation of Anoa (Y3) equal to 0,661 with t-statistic value 13.837 and regulation strategy Y2) 0.600 value of t-statistic value of 7,817. Latent variables that influence the hunt were economic (X1), health (X2) and social culture (X3). The value of R2 of Anoa hunting (Y1) of 0.623 indicates that the variable can be explained by economic variable (X1) with p-value 0.074 (74%), health with p-value 0.566 and social culture with p-value 0.033. Anoa preservation variable (Y3) can be explained by economic variable (X1) with p-value equal to 0.108, health (X2) p-value of 0.835 and socio-cultural variable (X3). While the variable of regulation strategy (Y2) can be explained by exogenous economic variable (X1) with p-value equal to 0.962, health variable (X2) with p-value equal to 0.835 and socio cultural variable (X3) with p-value 0.175. Keyword: Community, Hunting Activity, Anoa
Bioactivity of β-1,3-xylan Extracted from Caulerpa lentillifera by Using Escherichia coli ClearColi BL21(DE3)-β-1,3-xylanase XYLII

Oligosaccharides extracted from algae exhibit many bioactivities and are used as food additives and dietary supplements. In this study, β-1,3-xylan was extracted from the green algae Caulerpa lentillifera; this compound was hydrolyzed by β-1,3-xylanase XYLII to produce mixed < 3 kDa β-1,3-xylooligosaccharide (XOSmix), which was mainly composed of β-1,3-xylose, β-1,3-xylobiose, and β-1,3-xylotriose. The antioxidant and anticoagulant activities of XOSmix were then examined. Results revealed that the 2,2-diphenyl-1-pikryl-hydrazyl scavenging activity, reducing power, and total antioxidant status of 20 mg/mL XOSmix was equivalent to those of 8.7, 115.1, and 157.3 μg/mL trolox, respectively; whereas the ferrous ion chelating activity of 20 mg/mL XOSmix was equivalent to that of 64.3 μg/mL EDTA. Regarding the anticoagulant activity, XOSmix delayed the activated partial thromboplastin time. These results suggest that XOSmix exhibits potential for application in the food industry.
Piriformospora indica released factors and its role in the molecular interaction with Arabidopsis thaliana

The interaction between P. indica and A. thaliana results in growth promotion and enhanced seed production. I studied the role of various P. indica-released factors in the interaction and the signalling pathways they activate. We describe the isolation of a growth-promoting factor from the cell wall of P. indica. The cell wall extract (CWE) induces a transient cytosolic Ca2+ elevation in the roots of Arabidopsis and tobacco plants expressing the Ca2+ bioluminescent indicator aequorin. The CWE and the fungus induce a similar set of genes in Arabidopsis roots, among them are genes with Ca2+ signalling-related functions. The CWE does not promote growth of P. indica insensitive lines and the growth promotion is abolished if the Ca2+ inhibitor BAPTA is added. The cellular Ca2+ elevations and are thus crucial for growth promotion, and Ca2+ signalling pathways are activated by incoming fungus. The CWE does not stimulate H2O2 production and the activation of defence gene expression, although it led to phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Thus, Ca2+ is likely to be an early signalling component in the mutualistic interaction between P. indica and A. thaliana similar to other interactions like AM symbiosis. P. indica releases isopentenyl-adenine (iP) and cis-Zeatin (cZ)-type cytokinins into axenic cultures, but elevated levels of cis Zeatin (cZ) isomers accumulate in colonized roots. However, our data clearly demonstrate that trans-zeatin (tZ) biosynthesis in Arabidopsis is required for the beneficial interaction as knocking out atipt1 atipt3 atipt5 atipt7 genes required for (tZ) biosynthesis results in no response to the fungus. The double mutant cre1ahk2 shows no growth response to P. indica. The CRE1 AHK2 receptor combination is thus crucial for the response to P. indica.
What makes segmentation good? A case study in boreal forest habitat mapping

Segmentation goodness evaluation is a set of approaches meant for deciding which segmentation is good. In this study, we tested different supervised segmentation evaluation measures and visual interpretation in the case of boreal forest habitat mapping in Southern Finland. The data used were WorldView-2 satellite imagery, a lidar digital elevation model (DEM), and a canopy height model (CHM) in 2 m resolution. The segmentation methods tested were the fractal net evolution approach (FNEA) and IDRISI watershed segmentation. Overall, 252 different segmentation methods, layers, and parameter combinations were tested. We also used eight different habitat delineations as reference polygons against which 252 different segmentations were tested. The ranking order of segmentations depended on the chosen supervised evaluation measure; hence, no single segmentation could be ranked as the best. In visual interpretation among the several different segmentations that we found rather good, we selected only one as the best. In the literature, it has been noted that better segmentation leads to higher classification accuracy. We tested this argument by classifying 12 of our segmentations with the random forest classifier. It was found out that there is no straightforward answer to the argument, since the definition of good segmentation is inconsistent. The highest classification accuracy (0.72) was obtained with segmentation that was regarded as one of the best in visual interpretation. However, almost similarly high classification accuracies were obtained with other segmentations. We conclude that one has to decide what one wants from segmentation and use segmentation evaluation measures with care.
Extraction of Relations between Entities from Texts by Learning Methods

Abstract : The aim of this work is to automatically extract structured information from unstructured texts, permitting their fusion in an intelligence application. In Thales, we have a knowledge management system (Ideliance) that permits us to manage entities and relations between them, but at present the user must manually capture this information. To automate such an extraction, we propose the use of a learning algorithm that we have developed after the study of the existing information extraction methods. We present the Sem+ tool that implements the algorithm, and the evaluation of this tool carried out by us and by the Land Headquarter (S.T.A.T. unit).