Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of a Cryogenic Spray

Cryogenic sprays have many applications in modern engineering. Cooling of electronic equipment subject to high heat flows, surgical ablation of gastrointestinal mucosae or orbital maneuvering are a few examples of their versatility. However, the atomization of a cryogenic liquid is a complex process. During such an event, aerodynamic effects associated with secondary atomization are further affected by thermodynamic flashing. A better understanding of the characteristics of cryogenic sprays is then necessary to allow for improved design and optimization in applications. The overarching objective of this study is to document such characteristics. The numerical simulation was performed over cryogenic nitrogen spray using an Eulerian-Lagrangian approach. In other words, while the gas phase of the flow is treated as a continuum, the nitrogen droplets are tracked individually in a Lagrangian sense. Models for evaporation, atomization, and breakups capture the physical processes experienced by droplets along their pathways. In addition, turbulence in the flow is captured by the k-omega SST model. Simulations performed over a wide range of nozzle inlet pressure suggest that the spray cone angle tends to remain constant. In contrast, the diameter of droplets along the centerline of the spray reduces significantly. Finally, it was noticed that a higher concentration of liquid nitrogen is observed on a target plate as the nozzle inlet pressure increases.
Book Recommendation System

Recommendation systems are used in hundreds of different services everywhere from online shopping to music to movies. For instance, the online retailer Amazon had a heavy hand in developing collaborative filtering algorithms that recommend items to users. Music services like Pandora identify up to 450 uniquely identifying characteristics of songs to find music similar to that of their users’ preferences. Other music streaming services, such as Spotify, heavily rely upon the music selections of similar users to make weekly song recommendations and personalized radio stations. Netflix, a popular television and movie streaming service, uses these systems to recommend movies that viewers may enjoy. We can see how recommendation systems have a surprisingly large impact on the materials consumers engage with over the course of their daily lives. For our senior comprehensive project, we analyzed three systems that predict how users will rate specific books. Our system that we created makes these predictions based on data gathered from the Amazon Book Reviews dataset, BookCrossing dataset, GoogleBooks API, and GoodReads API. To accurately predict users’ reactions to books, we’ve integrated several strategies in the field of recommendation systems.
Speech signal enhancement in ADOS recordings

 Abstract — This work examines the utility of Speech Enhancement (SE) in estimating autism severity in children based on audio recordings of clinical sessions. We implemented a DNN-based algorithm using U-Net model to perform SE in 204 Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) session recordings. This approach provided performance gain in terms of Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) in the recordings and preserved a good performance in estimating autism severity with reduced overfitting. Clinical Relevance — This work shows that the use of SE method based on U-Net architecture has the potential to improve automatic estimation of autism severity.
Impact of Slight Changes in Water Potential of Culture Media on in vitro Shoot Multiplication , Esterase , and Protein Patterns of Simmondsia chinensis

propagation of jojoba results in high genetic variation. To produce true-to-type clones, we applied a micropropagation technique. Medium (MS) containing relatively low concentrations (1 or 2mg/L) of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) did not stimulate shoot formation on jojoba nodal explants. The best shoot cloning on nodal explants was established on MS medium containing 3mg/L BAP and 0.1mg/L 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Decrease in water potential (Ψ) of medium after adding 0.5mg/L of mannitol slightly increased the number of formed shoots and further decreased the medium Ψ by increasing NaCl or mannitol concentration, resulting in retardation of shoot formation. Data indicated that shoot formation was more sensitive than shoot growth to changes in Ψ of the medium. Callus weight decreased with decreasing medium Ψ to less than −435.014 MPa using 1g/L of NaCl, while mannitol application to decrease Ψ of the medium up to 435.054 MPa (4g/L) significantly increased callus fresh weight. Jojoba calli clearly expressed the effects of reduced Ψ in MS medium on esterase and protein patterns.
Body area networks (BAN)

Body Area Network (BAN) technology emerged in recent years as a subcategory of Wireless Sensor Network technology targeted at monitoring physiological and ambient conditions surrounding human beings and animals. However, BAN technology also introduces a number of challenges seldom seen before due to the scarcity of hardware and radio communications resources under which they operate. In this chapter, we review the foundations of BANs along with the most relevant aspects relating to their design and deployment. We introduce current, state-of-the-art applications of BAN, as well as the most challenging aspects concerning to their adoption and gradual deployment. We also discuss issues pertaining to sensor node communications, tradeoffs, and interfacing with ex-ternal infrastructure, in addition to important aspects relating to wearable sensor technology, enabling software and hardware, as well as future trends and open research issues in BANs.
What is driving the U . S . housing prices during the Covid-19 pandemic ? An exploratory analysis

Housing markets have been the centre of many studies during the Covid-19 pandemic. Contrary to what is expected during such period, they have reached their highest in some developed countries and, in particular, in the United States (U.S.). This paper aims to explain this unprecedented phenomenon by conducting an exploratory analysis of the drivers of the U.S. housing prices during the Covid19 pandemic. Using panel data on 999 U.S. counties between January 2017 and March 2021, I apply a Fixed-effects model to explain prices growth in the U.S. real estate and rental markets. I find that, during the Covid-19 pandemic, the U.S. real estate prices are mainly driven by the favourable market conditions associated with low interest rates. Although a temporary effect of the pandemic severity in prices, it does not last behind 2020. Furthermore, it appears to be compensated by the government aids in place during the same period to overcome the negative effects of the pandemic in the market. The overall attractiveness of the real estate market, and the subsequent switches between rentals and sales, has enhanced the opposite development between the real estate and the rental market. While the former recovered and even outperformed its previous growth during the Covid-19 pandemic, the latter declined significantly during the entire year of 2020. Lastly, I find evidence in both markets of an increasing householders’ demand for properties located in lower population density and income areas. The views stated in this thesis are those of the author and not necessarily those of the supervisor, second assessor, Erasmus School of Economics, or Erasmus University Rotterdam.
Evaluation of Chemopreventive Potential and Regulated Toxicity of a Phyto-fabricated Silver Nanoformulation using Bark Extract of Saraca asoca in Acute Myeloid Leukemia in vivo and in vitro

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) results impaired production of myeloid blood cell which leads to the reduction of erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets. In contrast to the conventional treatment like chemotherapy, radiotherapy and stem cell transplantation, plant phytochemicals can be used as nontoxic chemopreventive agents to provide long-term therapeutic effect. In this study, we have analyzed the efficacy of the phyto-fabricated silver nanoparticle using the bark extract of Saraca asoca as a reducing agent against the secondary AML mice model both in vivo and in vitro in comparison to common anticancer drug doxorubicin. Methods: The efficacy of silver nanoformulation was tested in vivo using secondary model of AML by survivability assay in comparison with control and standard chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. The cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the nanoparticle in vitro was studied in leukemic cells in comparison to normal lymphocytes. The level of cytotoxicity was measured using cell viability assay, generation of percentage of nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential. The genotoxic potential was evaluated by using DAPI staining, comet assay, and DNA fragmentation assay and quantification of percentage of apoptosis and necrosis. The damage of leukemic cells was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Results: The percent survivability was increased maximum by 50% in comparison to that of untreated group of AML mice whereas mice treated with standard drug doxorubicin showed 83% survivability. But AgNPs were selectively cytotoxic towards leukemic lymphocyte cells through oxidative damage unlike the standard chemotherapeutic drug as doxorubicin induce general impact of DNA damage inhibiting cell proliferation, impairing mitochondrial function and cell death in normal cellular system too. Conclusions: This finding opens a new avenue for the biomedical application of phytofabricated AgNPs as nontoxic agents in chemoprevention of AML.
The mechanism of high butanol acetone ratio in ABE fermentation with fern root as substrate

The butanol acetone ratio (B/A ratio) is a critical index to evaluate the process of ABE fermentation. In this article, fern root starch with yeast extract added (FY) was used as substrate for ABE fermentation. The final B/A ratio in a 5 L anaerobic fermentor reached the highest levels of 3.42, which signified an increment of 41% compared with corn. The mechanisms for the high B/A ratio of FY substrate were as follows: 1) the weakened organic acid circuit resulted in decreased acetone synthesis; 2) the NADH level of butanol synthesis was high; 3) coA transferase activity was low and butanol dehydrogenase activity was high. The final butanol concentration and substrate utilization were examined in a 5 L anaerobic fermentor, and the results validated the feasibility of ABE fermentation with FY as substrate.
Relationship between Vitamin D Status, Dyslipaedemia and Antioxidant Status in Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome in South West, Nigeria

Dysregulated lipid metabolism and oxidative stress are strong factors that are implicated in the development of proteinuria and glomerular injury in Nephrotic Syndrome (NS). Vitamin D seems to be a promising tool in influencing lipid metabolism and antioxidant status in NS. Aim: This study aims at investigating the relationship between Vitamin D, dyslipaedemia and oxidative stress in NS. Study Design: This is a case-control study. Place and Duration of Study: Children’s Outpatient Clinic (CHOP) of University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan, Nigeria between year 2019-2021. Methods: This study involves fifty children aged 5 to 12 years, freshly diagnosed with Idiopathic NS and fifty apparently healthy children as control. Blood samples were taken from them and analytes quantified by standard laboratory methods. Students’ t test and Pearson correlation were used to compare variables between the two groups respectively. Original Research Article Sonuga et al.; AJOCS, 10(4): 80-89, 2021; Article no.AJOCS. 80376 81 Results: Results showed significant decrease (P <.001) in Vit. D levels, GPX, SOD and CAT in NS. A significant decrease (P<.001) occurred in HDL, a significant increase (P <.001) in TG, TC and LDL levels in children with NS when compared with the control. There was a strong significant positive relationship between Catalase and Vit. D, SOD and Vit. D (r= 0.896, 0.869 respectively, P<.001) in NS. While a weak non significant positive relationship occurred between HDL and Vit. D, GPX and Vit D (r=0.0585, 0.0236 respectively, P >.001). A weak negative relationship occurred between TG and Vit. D, TC and Vit. D, LDL and Vit. D (r=-0.0432,-0.219, -0.231 respectively, P>.001), in NS. Thus, vitamin D insufficiency influences serum lipid profiles and antioxidants in paediatric Idiopathic NS.
Development of a mechanical family poultry feeder

The growing need for poultry products by consumers has urged the necessity for small and medium scale poultry farmers to meet up the demand since they supply the bulk need of the market especially in the developing countries. There exist the need to produce birds that will meet the market standards within the shortest time without straining the farmer's time, resources and energy. This project was done in an effort to provide a labour/time saving mechanically operated automatic feeder that will optimize feeding of birds in family poultry and small/medium scale poultry farms. The density, moisture content, angle of repose and the coefficient of friction between the feeds and the bin material of the feeder were used in the design analysis. The model feeder which could feed twenty five (25) adult poultry birds for one week was constructed using sheet metal, wood, and spring as construction materials. The feeder trough and hopper are of gauge 20 metal sheet. In operation, the trough held 5 kg of feeds thus pulling the stopper to block the hopper for the introduction of the feed. The feeder set up dispensed its content to twenty five (25) adult layers for a period of one week. From the feeder evaluation using Roman Brown layers, the consumption efficiency was 70 % per week. The feeding convenience for the twenty five (25) birds (layers) of average weight of 1.53 kg was about 80 % with permissible wastage of 30 %. Cost of production is ₦14,000:00 ($86:00).
New Host Records of the Genus Golovinomyces (Erysiphales, Ascomycota)

Samples of Polygonum alpinum and Alcea rosea infected by powdery mildews collected from Azerbaijan were analyzed by using morphological and molecular methods. 28S rRNA gene including D1/D2 domains and ITS1/5.8S/ITS2 regions were determined for each specimen. Consequently, Golovinomyces spadiceus on P. alpinum and G. magnicellulatus on A. rosea were identified. Comprehensive morphological descriptions, illustrations of species and the results of molecular-phylogenetic analysis were given in the present article.
Automated Registration of 3D Point Clouds with 3D CAD Models for Remote Assessment of Staged Fabrication

Modularization and pre-assembly are parts of a trend toward staged fabrication that has been developing in the construction industry in many parts of the world over the past few decades. Successful delivery and transportation of materials in staged fabrication processes has always been a key challenge. While substantial advances in modularization and pre-fabrication have been achieved recently, there is still a significant rate of damages and defects occurring during transportation and shipment. In addition, there are inaccuracies in staged-fabricated assemblies due to manually intensive quality control during the fabrication process. Thus there is a significant need to continuously monitor the fabrication processes to avoid significant rework costs and delays. This paper presents an automated approach to register laser scanned data, which represents as-built status, with 3D CAD models for prefabricated steel assemblies. Moreover, automated registration enhances three-dimensional tolerance analysis for automated quality control of prefabricated assemblies. An Iterative Closest Point (ICP)-based model is used for automated registration in the presented paper. An experimental study is conducted to validate the proposed model for monitoring the fabrication and installation processes. Experimental results show that the presented approach can be used to detect defected parts or fabrication inaccuracies precisely and quickly.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN TRANSPORT LOGISTICS

The information can be a "good" or "phenomena" without which, the proper functioning of the company, would not be possible. In the era of today's solutions for the acquisition and transmission of information, information systems play an increasingly important role in the enterprise’s processes realization. This paper presents the role of the information system, it plays in the implementation of transport processes in the enterprise.
BARD Final Report IS-4903-16C Diagnostics and vaccines for containment of TiLV-a novel RNA virus lethal to Tilapia Bacharach, E. Tel Aviv University Lipkin, W.I. The Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York

one page maximum, single spaced) List the original objectives, as defined in the approved proposal, and any revisions made at the beginning or during the course of project. Both this proposal (IS-4903-16C) and the feasibility project (IS-4583-13) that it continues, dealt with the identification of a novel virus that we named tilapia lake virus (TiLV), which causes high mortality to tilapia (and thus severely affects the tilapia aquaculture), and with the development of means (diagnostics and vaccination) to control the spread of this pathogen. The original objectives of the current proposal were: (1) Development of diagnostics for TiLV )culturing, PCR and ELISA assays). These objectives have been achieved as detailed in the Achievements document. (2) Development of vaccines against TiLV (attenuated strains, inactivated vaccine and DNA vaccine). We generated attenuated strains that in preliminary experiments protected tilapia from a challenge. Accordingly, the other suggested vaccination methods were not pursued. Yet, we identified one to two proteins that may serve as the basis for DNA vaccine. In addition, we constructed efficient tilapia expression plasmids (described in the Achievements document). (3) Testing tilapia species for their sensitivity to TiLV infection. We tested wild and farmed tilapia species, infected with TiLV, and characterized pathological signs (see in the Achievements document). Background to the topic. Tilapia are an important global food source due to their omnivorous diet, tolerance for high-density aquaculture, and relative disease resistance. Tilapia aquaculture has been threatened by mass die-offs in farmed fish in Israel and other parts of the world. We identified the etiological agent of these disease outbreaks as a novel virus, with almost no homology to any other known viruses. This identification allowed us to develop diagnostic and preventing means to combat and contain TiLV
The flip-flop configuration of the PABP-dimer leads to switching of the translation function

Abstract Poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) is a translation initiation factor that interacts with the poly(A) tail of mRNAs. PABP bound to poly(A) stimulates translation by interacting with the eukaryotic initiation factor 4G (eIF4G), which brings the 3′ end of an mRNA close to its 5′ m7G cap structure through consecutive interactions of the 3′-poly(A)–PABP-eIF4G-eIF4E-5′ m7G cap. PABP is a highly abundant translation factor present in considerably larger quantities than mRNA and eIF4G in cells. However, it has not been elucidated how eIF4G, present in limited cellular concentrations, is not sequestered by mRNA-free PABP, present at high cellular concentrations, but associates with PABP complexed with the poly(A) tail of an mRNA. Here, we report that RNA-free PABPs dimerize with a head-to-head type configuration of PABP, which interferes in the interaction between PABP and eIF4G. We identified the domains of PABP responsible for PABP–PABP interaction. Poly(A) RNA was shown to convert the PABP–PABP complex into a poly(A)–PABP complex, with a head-to-tail-type configuration of PABP that facilitates the interaction between PABP and eIF4G. Lastly, we showed that the transition from the PABP dimer to the poly(A)–PABP complex is necessary for the translational activation function.
Effects of buprenorphine on model development in an adjuvant-induced monoarthritis rat model

Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in rats is a common animal model for studying chronic inflammatory pain. However, modelling of the disease is associated with unnecessary pain and impaired animal wellbeing, particularly in the immediate post-induction phase. Few attempts have been made to counteract these adverse effects with analgesics. The present study investigated the effect of buprenorphine on animal welfare, pain-related behaviour and model-specific parameters during the disease progression in a rat model of CFA-induced monoarthritis. The aim was to reduce or eliminate unnecessary pain in this model, in order to improve animal welfare and to avoid suffering, without compromising the quality of the model. Twenty-four male Sprague Dawley rats were injected with 20 μl of CFA into the left tibio-tarsal joint to induce monoarthritis. Rats were treated with either buprenorphine or carprofen for 15 days during the disease development, and were compared to a saline-treated CFA-injected group or a negative control group. Measurements of welfare, pain-related behaviour and clinical model-specific parameters were collected. The study was terminated after 3 weeks, ending with a histopathologic analysis. Regardless of treatment, CFA-injected rats displayed mechanical hyperalgesia and developed severe histopathological changes associated with arthritis. However, no severe effects on general welfare were found at any time. Buprenorphine treatment reduced facial pain expression scores, improved mobility, stance and lameness scores and it did not supress the CFA-induced ankle swelling, contrary to carprofen. Although buprenorphine failed to demonstrate a robust analgesic effect on the mechanical hyperalgesia in this study, it did not interfere with the development of the intended pathology.