Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural Covariance of the Ipsilesional Primary Motor Cortex in Subcortical Stroke Patients with Motor Deficits

The analysis of structural covariance has emerged as a powerful tool to explore the morphometric correlations among broadly distributed brain regions. However, little is known about the interactions between the damaged primary motor cortex (M1) and other brain regions in stroke patients with motor deficits. This study is aimed at investigating the structural covariance pattern of the ipsilesional M1 in chronic subcortical stroke patients with motor deficits. High-resolution T1-weighted brain images were acquired from 58 chronic subcortical stroke patients with motor deficits (29 with left-sided lesions and 29 with right-sided lesions) and 50 healthy controls. Structural covariance patterns were identified by a seed-based structural covariance method based on gray matter (GM) volume. Group comparisons between stroke patients (left-sided or right-sided groups) and healthy controls were determined by a permutation test. The association between alterations in the regional GM volume and motor recovery after stroke was investigated by a multivariate regression approach. Structural covariance analysis revealed an extensive increase in the structural interactions between the ipsilesional M1 and other brain regions in stroke patients, involving not only motor-related brain regions but also non-motor-related brain regions. We also identified a slightly different pattern of structural covariance between the left-sided stroke group and the right-sided stroke group, thus indicating a lesion-side effect of cortical reorganization after stroke. Moreover, alterations in the GM volume of structural covariance brain regions were significantly correlated to the motor function scores in stroke patients. These findings indicated that the structural covariance patterns of the ipsilesional M1 in chronic subcortical stroke patients were induced by motor-related plasticity. Our findings may help us to better understand the neurobiological mechanisms of motor impairment and recovery in patients with subcortical stroke from different perspectives.
IMPLEMENTATION OF FACTORIAL DESIGN TO OPTIMIZE THE FORMULATION METHOD OF EZETIMIBE POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLE BY HOMOGENIZATION CUM ULTRA-SONICATION METHOD

Objective: The objective of this study is to use a 23 factorial design to optimize the formulation factors of Ezetimibe polymeric nanoparticle. Methods: By varying formulation variables such as polymer concentration (hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose composition) and process variables such as homogenization time (min) and ultra-sonication time, the formulation of polymeric nanoparticles was designed using a 23 factorial design and prepared using the homogenization cum ultra-sonication method (min). Particle size (nm), zeta potential (mV), polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency (%), drug content, in vitro drug release, in vitro release kinetic studies, and stability studies were used to analyse and optimize polymeric nanoparticles according to ICH criteria. Results: R7 formulation showed predicted and desired less particle size 87.0±3.64 nm; maximum zeta potential-33.4±2.32 mV; desired polydispersity index 0.488±0.20; maximum entrapment efficiency of 96.45±2.42 % and controlled dissolution release pattern of about 90.42±3.56% in 24h. Conclusion: The polymeric nanoparticle was formulated and optimized by the parameters like Particle Size (PS in nm), Polydispersity Index (PI), Zeta potential (Zp in mV), % Entrapment Efficiency and in vitro drug release for 24 h were evaluated. These parameters showed significant changes while formulating polymeric nanoparticles along with various formulation and process variables. From the release pattern data it was observed that PNs show a significant improvement of dissolution character of Ezetamibe. According to the findings, PNs have a controlled drug release pattern and can be used as a suitable drug delivery carrier for low solubility and poorly bioavailable drugs like Ezetamibe to improve its dissolution.
Congestion Costs and Scheduling Preferences of Car Commuters in California: Estimates Using Big Data

On average, California car commuters waste 4–5 minutes per morning commute due to congestion. Multiplied across all California car commuters, those few minutes entail a yearly total of approximately 2.3 billion hours of time wasted, costing 6 billion dollars. The objective of this study is to quantify congestion costs and determine how commuters adapt to the level of congestion they face (i.e., commuters’ scheduling utility functions). To that end, this research developed a model of trip scheduling under congestion to construct California commuters’ travel-time profiles, i.e., the menu of travel times that each individual would likely face according to alternate trip timing choices. The results show that commuters facing higher levels of congestion tend to avoid delays by arriving at an inconvenient edge time rather than commuting during the peak. Further, commuters are willing to accept about 0.5 additional minutes of schedule delay to reduce travel time by 1 minute. We found that for most commuters in our data, the travel time profile is much flatter than the estimated schedule utility, which implies that commuters tend to arrive around their own ideal arrival times, although the estimated utility function exhibits a moderate schedule inflexibility. This finding ultimately calls into question the existing bottleneck model’s quantification of the economic cost of congestion as well as the optimal toll to ameliorate congestion.
Big Five Personality Factors as Predictors of Self-Rated General Physical Health

Previous research has shown significant associations between self-rated health and personality. However, these results are inconsistent. This study explored whether the Big Five (BF) personality factors would predict self-rated general physical health. A volunteer convenience sample (601 men; 720 women) of undergraduates at Alexandria University responded to a single item of Self-Rated Physical Health (SRPH) and the Arabic Big Five Personality Inventory (ABFPI). Men obtained significantly higher mean scores than did women for SRPH, Extraversion, Openness, and Conscientiousness; whereas women had a significantly higher mean score than did men for Neuroticism. SRPH was significantly correlated with all the BF scores except for Agreeableness in women. A principal components analysis extracted two components and labeled “Adjustment” and “Healthy extraversion versus neuroticism”. Predictors of SRPH were Openness and low Neuroticism and for men Conscientiousness and low Neuroticism for women. The present results replicate some previous findings and support the role of personality for predicting subjective physical health.
An In Situ Spectral Monitoring Scheme for Advanced Manufacturing of Novel Nanodevices

The advanced manufacturing of ultra-thin-film devices, especially the nano-semiconductor products, has drawn a significant research interest over the past decades. In this field, monitoring the properties and thickness of the semiconductor layers is of paramount importance, which has significant impact on the device quality. In this study, an in situ monitoring scheme for manufacturing of nanodevices has been proposed, which is able to accurately analyse the optical absorption properties of the semiconductor layers of varying thickness in nanodevices. The in situ reflectance spectral analysis of monolayer, bilayer, and bulk-phase samples confirms the practicability and reliability of the monitoring scheme. The findings reported in this study form the basis for the advanced manufacturing of nano- and sub-nanodevices in the future.
A micro-scale study on the spontaneous spatial improvement of in-between spaces in Chinese traditional districts considering the relationship between modifications and encroachment

ABSTRACT As the transition between streets and houses, in-between spaces represent unique and important residential components in East Asia, which reflect the spontaneous spatial improvement awareness of users in traditional districts and the state of public-private relations. To fill a gap in prior research regarding in-between spaces after spontaneous spatial improvement in traditional districts, this study considered 97 houses on Jiazhi Street and evaluated the two expressions of spontaneous spatial improvement of in-between spaces by quantifying modification indicators and encroachment using field surveys and area statistical methods. The research examined the correlation between various modifications and encroachment using multiple regression analysis and evaluated the characteristics of spontaneous spatial improvement by users based on multi-group relationships. The results offer a new perspective for observing the changes in residential environments in the context of urbanization, thus providing a basis for developing renewal strategies for traditional districts in China. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF KOELREUTERIA ELEGANS (SEEM.) LEAVES

A new galloylquinic acid butyl ester; 1, 3, 4, 5-tetra-O-galloylquinic acid butyl ester (1) and other ten known phenolic compounds : 1,3,4,5-tetra-O-galloylquinic acid (2) , methyl gallate (3), gallic acid (4) , 3 " -galloyl quercetrin (5), isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D4 C1-arabinopyranoside (6), isorhamnetin-3O-α-L1 C4-rhamnopyranoside (7), quercetrin (8), guaijaverin (9), quercetin (10), azaleatin (11) as well as, three triterpenoidal compounds oleanolic acid (12), oleanolic acid-3-O-β-D4 C1glucopyranoside (13), 3-O-[O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(12)β-D4 C1-glucopyranosyl] oleanolic acid (14) were isolated from the 70 % methanol extract of leaves of Koelreuteria elegans (Seem.). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic analysis (NMR, -ESIMS and UV). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were found to be 8.19 g of GAE (gallic acid equivalents) and 6.22 g of RE (rutin equivalents) per 100 g dry extract respectively. The extract significantly improved the main liver function enzymes (ALT, AST) and total bilirubin in addition to the significant hepatoprotective action against the depletion of hepatic GSH and serum vitamin C levels , as well as the changes of hepatic antioxidant enzymes levels (SOD, CAT) induced by CCl4 toxicity. It non-significantly reduced the level of ALP and GGT. Moreover, compound 1 exhibited higher activity than aqueous methanol extract against both Gram positive and Gram negative organisms and Geotricum candidum (fungi). Key world: Koelreuteria elegans; Flavonols; Triterpenoidal saponin; Hepatoprotective effect and Antimicrobial activity. Az. J. Pharm Sci. Vol. 65, March, 2022. 17
Study on seismic loading of pseudo-static approach used in the seismic design of underground structure

The pseudo-static approaches commonly used in the seismic design of underground structures were described and the sources of error in these approaches were analyzed respectively.Based on the response stress of one-dimensional soil layer,the finite element approach was improved and a response stress approach was put forward.To validate the finite element response stress approach,a comparison calculation was made for some shallowly embedded box-shaped structures of subway station under the given conditions by use of finite element response stress method,response displacement method,finite element response accelerated method and finite element dynamic analysis method.It was shown that the calculated result gained from the finite element response stress method was close to that from the finite element dynamic analysis method.Thus the finite element response stress approach was a practical pseudo-static one with high precision.
Effect of Tillage Depths and Irrigation Regimes on Wheat Yield, Yield Components and Soil Physical Properties

Two field trials were conducted in the Experimental Farm of Itai AL-Baroud Agricultural Research Station, Al-Behiara Governorate, Egypt, during 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons. The purpose of these experiments was to investigate the effects of three irrigation regimes (excluding sowing irrigation) and three tillage depths (zero tillage (ZT), conventional tillage (CT), and deep tillage (DT)) on physical properties of soil, yield and its components, and water use efficiency (WUE) of wheat cultivar Misr-3. Results indicated that hydraulic conductivity was significantly affected by tillage depths and number of irrigations. Water holding capacity increases significantly under DT. There was a significant interaction effect of tillage and irrigation treatments on WHC. On the contrary, bulk density decreases significantly under DT and CT. The zero tillage gave lower values of total porosity in both soil layers. Soil penetration resistance was significantly lower under tillage (deep, conventional) and irrigation treatments. Plant height, number of spikes/m, number of grains/spikes, 1000grain weight, flag leaf area, grain yield, and biological yield were all highest in wheat plants that were irrigated four times (IR3). Water usage efficiency declined as the number of irrigations increased, with wheat plants watered twice (IR1) having the best water use efficiency. Deep tillage had significantly positive effect on increasing the grain yield and its components compared to conventional tillage and zero tillage. Wheat plants under deep tillage showed the highest consumption of quantity of irrigation water, total used water. The highest consumption of irrigation water under deep tillage associated with the highest water use efficiency.
A Lightweight and Secure Three-Factor Authentication Protocol With Adaptive Privacy-Preserving Property for Wireless Sensor Networks

In recent years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been extensively used in many fields, which provide great convenience for people’s daily work and life. With the popularity of WSNs, people’s demands for related authentication protocols are developing in a comprehensive and perfect direction, and relevant designs are focusing more on two aspects: security and performance. However, current research cannot avoid the problem that security and efficiency are not compatible. Some studies use time-consuming cryptographic structures for security, while most lightweight schemes are designed without considering certain security properties, such as perfect forward secrecy, the resistance to known session-specific temporary information attack, etc. In our view, this conflict can be resolved by using lightweight cryptography primitives with special attention to protocol vulnerabilities and ever-evolving security requirements of people. By abandoning all unnecessary cryptographic structures, we propose a comprehensive lightweight three-factor authentication protocol with various security requirements, including adaptive privacy preservation, which is suitable for the user-friendly scenario in the WSN. Through security analysis, real-or-random (ROR) model proof, Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications experimental verification, and security aspect comparison, it is proved that our protocol is superior in the security aspect. The performance experiment under MIRACL library shows that this study has advantages in performance compared with other recent research.
ISO 9001 International Standard, a Tool to Enhance Data Quality in Durable Socio-Technical Systems

The quality of data is recognized to be a key issue for the assets management in enterprises as data is the foundation of any decision making process. Recent research work has established that the quality of data is highly dependent on the knowledge one has on the socio-technical system being considered. Three modes of knowledge have been identified: knowing what, knowing how and knowing why. In this paper we focus on how to manage these modes of knowledge in durable socio-technical systems to enhance the data quality face to technological progress and employees turnover. We believe that an organization based on ISO 9001 international standard can provide a valuable framework to provide the data quality needed to an efficient decision making process. This framework has been applied to design the data quality management system within a high education socio-technical system. The most important benefits that have been noticed are: 1) a shared vision on the external clients of the system with a positive impact on the definition of the strategy and the objectives of the system and 2) a deep understanding of the data client-supplier relationship inside the socio-technical system. A direct consequence of these achievements was the increasing knowledge on “know-what” data to collect, “know-why” to collect that data and “know-how” to collect it.
A Systematic Review of Serious Games Used for Upper-Limb Rehabilitation of Individuals with Parkinson's Disease

This work consists of a systematic review of the literature whose objective is to identify and describe the main characteristics of serious games for the rehabilitation of upper limbs of individuals with PD. The search for evidence was made from the five databases: Pubmed, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, ACM Digital Library, ScienceDirect and Scopus, and after applying the criteria for inclusion and exclusion of articles, 6 publications were obtained, which represented the basis for the construction of this work. We concluded that, although there are several studies in the literature that describe and apply serious games for the rehabilitation of upper limbs of individuals with PD, there is, in most studies, a lack of methodological rigor, which compromises the efficiency of the application of the game for rehabilitation purposes.
The end of the isotopic evolution of atmospheric xenon

https://doi.org/10.7185/geochemlet.2207 Noble gases are chemically inert and, as such, act as unique tracers of physical processes over geological timescales. The isotopic composition of atmospheric xenon, the heaviest stable noble gas, evolved following mass-dependent fractionation throughout the Hadean and Archaean aeons. This evolution appears to have ceased between 2.5 and 2.1 Ga, around the time of the Great Oxidation Event (GOE). The coincidental halting of atmospheric Xe evolution may provide further insights into the mechanisms affecting the atmosphere at the Archaean-Proterozoic transition. Here, we investigate the isotopic composition of Xe trapped in hydrothermal quartz from three formations around the GOE time period: Seidorechka and Polisarka (Imandra-Varzuga Greenstone Belt, Kola Craton, Russia) with ages of 2441 ± 1.6 Ma and 2434 ± 6.6 Ma, respectively, and Ongeluk (Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa) dated at 2114 ± 312 Ma (Ar-Ar age) with a host formation age of 2425.6 ± 2.6 Ma (upper bound). From these analyses we show that Xe isotope fractionation appears to have ceased during the time window delimited by the ages of the Seidorechka and Polisarka Formations, which is concomitant with the disappearance of mass-independent fractionation of sulfur isotopes (MIF-S) in the Kola Craton. The disappearance of Xe isotope fractionation in the geological record may be related to the rise in atmospheric oxygen and, thus, can provide new insights into the triggering mechanisms and timing of the GOE. Received 29 October 2021 | Accepted 1 February 2022 | Published 10 March 2022
RELATION BETWEEN ELECTROGRAPHIC SEIZURES DETECTED BY AMPLITUDE-INTEGRATED EEG AND SHORT-TERM OUTCOMES AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY IN CHILDREN

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. After TBI, the brain is vulnerable to additional injuries (secondary injuries) because injury disrupts normal autoregulatory defense mechanisms. These secondary injuries play a crucial role in patient prognosis. Posttraumatic seizures are an important cause of secondary injuries leading to further damage to the injured brain. Continuous monitoring by electroencephalography (EEG) can detect both clinical and subclinical seizure. This will lead to early treatment of seizures and prevention of further brain damage. Objective: To assess the value of early detection of electrographic seizures by Amplitude-Integrated EEG (aEEG) in relation to short-term outcomes after TBI in children. Methods: This prospective study included thirty-two consecutive, nonrandomized patients with moderate and severe TBI were monitored with aEEG. Clinical and subclinical seizures were assessed for their relation to short-term outcome measures. Outcome measures included hospital stay and KOSCHI score (The King's Outcome Scale for Childhood Head Injury). Results: The main etiology of TBI was falling from height (62.5%), clinical seizures were observed in 43.7%, and subclinical seizures were detected by aEEG in 17 patients (53.1%). The mean days of hospital stay was 6.0 ± 4.0 of which 5.0 ± 3.0 days were in PICU. The median time from TBI onset to aEEG recording was 12 hours and the median duration of aEEG was 18 hours. The main CT findings were diffuse axonal injury, skull fracture, and subdural hematoma. One patient died (3.1%). Those with subclinical seizures significantly had more severe TBI, longer duration on mechanical ventilation and longer hospital stay. Their main CT findings was diffuse axonal injury and had KOSCHI score significantly lower than those without subclinical seizures. Patients with continuous normal voltage (CNV) on initial aEEG have good outcome, while those with burst suppression (BS) and flat trace (FT) have poor outcome. Al-Azhar Journal of Ped. Vol. 24 Issue 4 October. 2021 2372 According to KOSCHI score, good outcome was significantly achieved in those without subclinical seizures compared to the other group (60 vs 29.4%, p=0.037). Conclusions: aEEG background patterns in acute stage after TBI (within the first 24 hrs.) can predict both good and poor outcomes in these patients. A favorable aEEG pattern (CNV) is a good indicator of a good outcome while unfavorable aEEG patterns (BS and FT) are associated with a poor outcome. Posttraumatic subclinical seizures were related to poor neurological outcomes.
A vibration response identification neural network with resilience against missing data anomalies

Vibration measurement provides valuable information pertaining to the mechanical properties of a vibrating structure. However, anomalies caused by sensor faults, system malfunctions, and environmental effects impede the accurate measurement of vibration responses that are essential in determining these properties. Usually, responses with anomalies need to be discarded to attain meaningful interpretation of vibration. In this study, a neural network (NN) model able to classify vibration responses with missing data anomalies is proposed, using convolutional recurrent neural network (CRNN) as the fundamental component for spatio-temporal feature extraction. The proposed model was employed using contact measurement in carbon fiber reinforced plastic plate to identify partially missing responses of different load locations. The integrity destruction algorithm is introduced to simulate responses with missing data anomalies. The proposed model utilized a multi-input structure to reduce the computation cost of the training process. Two CRNNs were evaluated and the results showed that the hybrid architecture of convolutional neural network and long short-term memory (LSTM) is a better choice for the proposed model compared to that of convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM). The proposed model was evaluated by samples with missing data anomalies. The experimental results show that the proposed model has good per-class precision and recall (above 80%) for the classification of measurements with missing data anomalies.