Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Induction of MxA Gene Expression by Inﬂuenza A Virus Requires Type I or Type III Interferon Signaling (cid:1)

The human MxA gene belongs to the class of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs) involved in antiviral resistance against inﬂuenza viruses. Here, we studied the requirements for MxA induction by inﬂuenza A virus infection. MxA is transcriptionally upregulated by type I (alpha and beta) and type III (lambda) IFNs. Therefore, MxA is widely used in gene expression studies as a reliable marker for IFN bioactivity. It is not known, however, whether viruses can directly activate MxA expression in the absence of secreted IFN. By using an NS1-deﬁcient inﬂuenza A virus and human cells with defects in IFN production or the STAT1 gene, we studied the induction proﬁle of MxA by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. The NS1-deﬁcient virus is known to be a strong activator of the IFN system because NS1 acts as a viral IFN-antagonistic protein. Nevertheless, LightCycler real-time RT-PCR. Five different real-time RT-PCR assays, based on TaqMan chemistry to detect MxA, ISG56, IP-10, HPRT, and 18S rRNA expression, were developed. All qRT-PCR assays were performed in the same format and were run on a LightCycler (Roche, Germany) with identical cycle conditions: RT at 61°C for 20 min, activation at 95°C for 5 min, and 45 cycles of PCR at 95°C for 15 s and 60°C for 60 s. We used the RNA master hybridization probe kit (Roche) with 500-nM concentrations of primers, 200-nM concentra- tions of probes, and 3.25 mM manganese acetate. The kit includes an aptamer-blocked Tth DNA polymerase which performs both RT and hot-start PCR ampliﬁcation. One microliter of the synthetic RNA standards or of RNA prepared from cells was added to 19 (cid:6) l of LightCycler RNA master hybridization probe reaction mix (Roche). DNA contamination was controlled in the same run by using a PCR Fast Start DNA master kit (Roche). One microliter of the RNA prepared from cells was added to 19 (cid:6) l Fast Start DNA master hybridization probe reaction mix (Roche) supplemented with 5 mM MgCl 2 , 500-nM concen- trations of primers, and 200-nM concentrations of probes. The cycle conditions were identical to those for the RT-PCR assay. Standard curves were obtained using dilutions of the synthetic RNA preparations and used to determine the concentration of the target transcripts. Results were expressed as the ratio of the target sequence concentration relative to 18S rRNA or HPRT transcripts. The results at
Measurements and simulation of liquid ﬁlms during drainage displacements and snap-off in constricted capillary tubes Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

When a wetting liquid is displaced by air in a capillary tube, a wetting ﬁlm develops between the tube wall and the air that is responsible for the snap-off mechanism of the gas phase. By dissolving a dye in the wetting phase it is possible to relate a measure of the absorbance in the capillary to the thickness of liquid ﬁlms. These data could be used to compare with cutting edge numerical simulations of the dynamics of snap-off for which experimental and numerical data are lacking. Drainage experiments in constricted capillary tubes were performed where a dyed wetting liquid is displaced by air for varying ﬂow rates. We developed an optical method to measure liquid ﬁlm thick- nesses that range from 3 to 1000 l m. The optical measures are validated by comparison with both theory and direct numerical simulations. In a constricted capillary tube we observed, both experimentally and numerically, a phenomenon of snap-off coalescence events in the vicinity of the constriction that bring new insights into our under- standing and modeling of two-phase ﬂows. In addition, the good agreement between experiments and numerical simulations gives conﬁdence to use the numerical method for more complex geometries in the future.
Simultaneous PIV and balance measurements on a pitching aerofoil

Unsteady aerodynamics deals with air flows that can not be sufficiently described without considering the time dependence of the flow. Unsteady flow phenomena are encountered with wind turbines, helicopter rotors and aeroplane propellers. It is also an important factor in the study of animal flight, with birds, bats and insects flapping to produce lift and propulsion. Recently also micro aerial vehicles (MAV’s) have been constructed that use those same mechanisms for flight. With the availability of high-speed particle image velocimetry (PIV) systems, it is now possible to quantitatively measure unsteady flow fields in a time-resolved manner. Methods have been developed that enable to determine the unsteady aerodynamic forces on an object from the measured flow velocity field around it, using a control volume approach. For steady flows, these methods have been extensively validated previously by comparison to balance measurements. For unsteady flows, however, such a validation has not been made before. The present thesis investigation involves an experimental study of an aerofoil subjected to an oscillating pitch motion. Unsteady loads were determined from instantaneous velocity fields, that were obtained using a high-speed PIV system. Additionally it has been attempted to validate these loads by means of force balance measurements. The experimental set-up involved an actuated sinusoidally pitching aerofoil, with a NACA0018 profile. Eight strain-gauge bending-beam sensors formed a balance for the mechanical reference force measurements. With a PIV system, consisting of 4 high speed cameras, with partially overlapping fields-of-view, and a high speed laser, time-resolved velocity data was obtained in the cross-sectional plane of the aerofoil. Reynolds numbers near 80 000 and pitch frequencies of 10 and 20 Hz were investigated. The forces obtained from PIV agreed well with the balance data for the static cases. For the oscillating cases, they were comparable to those predicted using Theodorsen’s theory. The latter, a solution of the potential flow problem for a harmonically pitching and heaving flat plate, is an often used prediction method for unsteady aerofoil problems. The similarity between the PIV results and Theodorsen’s method, supports the credibility of the PIV results.
A comparison of downside-risk between Swedish hedge funds and the

The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether Swedish Equity L/S hedge funds present a lower market risk than the index S&P Europe 350 over our holding period using a GARCH/EGARCH Value-at-Risk model. The sample consists of 96 monthly observations between March 2004 and February 2012. The examination shows that the hedge funds in general hold a lower market risk than the index for the next holding period and also present a lower estimated loss if our VaR loss is exceeded. This implies that hedge funds would be a good choice for investors to have in a portfolio to reduce the risk.
The PPAR c 2 P12A polymorphism is not associated with all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The high mortality risk of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus may well be explained by the several comorbidities and/or complications. Also the intrinsic genetic component predisposing to diabetes might have a role in shaping the risk of diabetes-related mortality. Among type 2 diabetes mellitus SNPs, rs1801282 is of particular interest because (i) it is harbored by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- c 2 ( PPAR c 2 ), which is the target for thiazolidinediones which are used as antidiabetic drugs, decreasing all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus, and (ii) it is associated with insulin resistance and related traits, risk factors for overall mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus. We investigated the role of PPAR c 2 P12A, according to a dominant model (PA ? AA vs. PP individuals) on incident all-cause mortality in three cohorts of type 2 diabetes mellitus, comprising a total of 1672 patients (462 deaths) and then performed a meta-analysis of ours and all available published data. In the three cohorts pooled and analyzed together, no association between PPAR c 2 P12A and all-cause mortality was observed (HR 1.02, 95 % CI 0.79–1.33). Similar results were observed after adjusting for age, sex, smoking habits, and BMI (HR 1.09, 95 % CI 0.83–1.43). In a meta-analysis of ours and all studies previously published ( n = 3241 individuals; 666 events), no association was observed between PPAR c 2 P12A and all-cause mortality (HR 1.07, 95 % CI 0.85–1.33). Results from our individual samples as well as from our meta-analysis suggest that the PPAR c 2 P12A does not signiﬁcantly affect all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Opportunities and Challenges in Functional Genomics Research in Osteoporosis: Report From a Workshop Held by the Causes Working Group of the Osteoporosis and Bone Research Academy of the Royal Osteoporosis Society on October 5th 2020. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 11,

The discovery that sclerostin is the defective protein underlying the rare heritable bone mass disorder, sclerosteosis, ultimately led to development of anti-sclerostin antibodies as a new treatment for osteoporosis. In the era of large scale GWAS, many additional genetic signals associated with bone mass and related traits have since been reported. However, how best to interrogate these signals in order to identify the underlying gene responsible for these genetic associations, a prerequisite for identifying drug targets for further treatments, remains a challenge. The resources available for supporting functional genomics research continues to expand, exempli ﬁ ed by “ multi-omics ” database resources, with improved availability of datasets derived from bone tissues. These databases provide information about potential molecular mediators such as mRNA expression, protein expression, and DNA methylation levels, which can be interrogated to map genetic signals to speci ﬁ c genes based on identi ﬁ cation of causal pathways between the genetic signal and the phenotype being studied. Functional evaluation of potential causative genes has been facilitated by characterization of the “ osteocyte signature ” , by broad phenotyping of knockout mice with deletions of over 7,000 genes, in which more detailed skeletal phenotyping is currently being undertaken, and by development of zebra ﬁ sh as a highly ef ﬁ cient additional in vivo model for functional studies of the skeleton. Looking to the future, this expanding repertoire of tools offers the hope of accurately de ﬁ ning the major genetic signals which contribute to osteoporosis. This may in turn lead to the identi ﬁ cation of additional therapeutic targets, and ultimately new treatments for osteoporosis.
Geometric and Combinatorial Aspects of NonEquilibrium Statistical Mechanics

Non-Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics is a broad subject. Grossly speaking, it deals with systems which have not yet relaxed to an equilibrium state, or else with systems which are in a steady non-equilibrium state, or with more general situations. They are characterized by external forcing and internal fluxes, resulting in a net production of entropy which quantifies dissipation and the extent by which, by the Second Law of Thermodynamics, time-reversal invariance is broken. In this thesis we discuss some of the mathematical structures involved with generic discrete-state-space non-equilibrium systems, that we depict with networks in all analogous to electrical networks. We define suitable observables and derive their linear regime relationships, we discuss a duality between external and internal observables that reverses the role of the system and of the environment, we show that network observables serve as constraints for a derivation of the minimum entropy production principle. We dwell on deep combinatorial aspects regarding linear response determinants, which are related to spanning tree polynomials in graph theory, and we give a geometrical interpretation of observables in terms of Wilson loops of a connection and gauge degrees of freedom. We specialize the formalism to continuous-time Markov chains, we give a physical interpretation for observables in terms of locally detailed balanced rates, we prove many variants of the fluctuation theorem, and show that a well-known expression for the entropy production due to Schnakenberg descends from considerations of gauge invariance, where the gauge symmetry is related to the freedom in the choice of a prior probability distribution. As an additional topic of geometrical flavor related to continuous-time Markov chains, we discuss the Fisher-Rao geometry of nonequilibrium decay modes, showing that the Fisher matrix contains information about many aspects of non-equilibrium behavior, including non-equilibrium phase transitions and superposition of modes. We establish a sort of statistical equivalence principle and discuss the behavior of the Fisher matrix under time-reversal. To conclude, we propose that geometry and combinatorics might greatly increase our understanding of nonequilibrium phenomena.
A Rapid Review of "Low-Threshold" Psychiatric Medication Prescribing: Considerations for Street Medicine and Beyond.

OBJECTIVE No widely accepted clinical guidelines, and scant directly applicable pragmatic research, are available to guide the prescription of psychiatric medications in "low-threshold" outpatient settings, such as street outreach, urgent care, and crisis care, as well as walk-in, shelter, and bridge and transition clinics. Providers frequently prescribe medications in these settings without patients' having firm psychiatric diagnoses and without medical records to guide clinical decision making. Persons who receive medications in these settings often seek help voluntarily and intermittently for mental illness symptoms. However, because of structural and individual factors, such patients may not engage in longitudinal outpatient psychiatric care. The authors reviewed the literature on psychiatric medication prescribing in low-threshold settings and offer clinical considerations for such prescribing. METHODS The authors conducted a rapid literature review (N=2,215 abstracts), which was augmented with up-to-date clinical prescribing literature, the authors' collective clinical experience, and DSM-5 section II diagnostic criteria to provide considerations for prescribing medications in low-threshold settings. RESULTS For individuals for whom diagnostic uncertainty is prominent, a symptom-based diagnostic and treatment approach may be best suited to weigh the risks and benefits of medication use in low-threshold settings. Practical considerations for treating patients with clinical presentations of psychosis and trauma, as well as mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, in low-threshold settings are discussed. CONCLUSIONS An urgent need exists to invest in pragmatic research and guideline development to delineate best-practice prescribing in low-threshold settings.
Clinical Significance and Dynamic Change of Coagulation Parameters in Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated with Intravenous Thrombolysis

Objective Investigations on coagulation parameters including fibrinogen (Fbg), fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), and D-dimer in ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis are insufficient. We aimed to investigate the association between in-hospital clinical outcomes and the coagulation parameters at different time points in ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous tissues plasminogen activator (IV tPA). Methods We retrospectively enrolled patients who received IV tPA therapy within 4.5 h from symptoms onset. Demographics, clinical characteristics, imaging measures, and the discharge mRS score were collected. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to test whether coagulation parameters were independent predictors for the in-hospital clinical outcomes. We also employed machine learning models to investigate whether coagulation parameters were able to improve the prediction of favorable functional outcomes. Results One hundred and fifty-two patients treated with IV tPA were included. Among the coagulation parameters, low D-dimers at 48 h proved to be an independent predictor of favorable functional outcome (adjusted odd ratio 0.24, 95% confidential intervals 0.06-0.92, P = 0.04). The AUC of D-dimer at 48 h to predict favorable functional outcome was 0.73 (0.60-0.87) and the optimal cut-off value was 0.92 (sensitivity 0.69, specificity 0.78). Machine learning models with D-dimer at 48 h had superior performance in predicting favorable functional outcomes and among the input variables in the machine learning models, D-dimer at 48 h showed the highest weight in predicting mRS 0-1 at discharge (38.44%). Conclusion Increased levels of D-dimer at 48 h was associated with lower proportion of favorable functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients with intravenous thrombolysis.
Obtaining mathematical functions of the propeller thrust and torque coefficients fluctuations at non-uniform wake flow including geometry effects

The main purpose of this paper is to obtain mathematical functions of the propeller thrust and torque coefficients fluctuations at non-uniform flow. Two types of inflow wakes from Seiun-Maru ship and INSEAN 7000 DWT Tanker are investigated for the B-series propeller. The computed results include the thrust and torque coefficients fluctuations and their mathematical functions under the influence of two different wakes for one blade and all blades of the studied propellers. To this accomplishment, variation of thrusts and torques coefficients under different pitch ratio, expanded area ratio and number of blades are investigated using classical mathematical methods in one cycle and the Fourier coefficients with ten terms are presented for each case. The results of thrust and torque coefficients at different propeller geometries are presented and discussed.
The independency of miRNA to energy status

Khaled Skaik1,2 , Mustafa Fakih3 and Sabah NA Hussain2 1Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada 2Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Department of Critical Care, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada 3Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
Shoulder‐Touch test to reveal incongruencies in persons with functional motor disorders

Clinical experience suggests that many patients with functional motor disorders (FMD), despite reporting severe balance problems, typically do not fall frequently. This discrepancy may hint towards a functional component. Here, we explored the role of the Shoulder‐Touch test, which features a light touch on the patient's shoulders, to reveal a possible functional etiology of postural instability.
Psychological sequelae of hand injuries: an integrative review

This integrative review investigated reports of psychological impact and sequelae of traumatic hand injuries. A systematic search using Medline, PsychINFO, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and hand-searching methods was conducted from 2008 to 2020. Nine included articles with a total of 503 participants were reported in prospective cross-sectional or longitudinal cohort studies. Depression and anxiety were common, affecting between 7% and 71% and between 23% and 71% of patients, respectively. Post-traumatic stress disorder affected between 3% and 95% of patients. Factors reported predicting psychological sequelae of hand injuries included injury severity, pain, limb dysfunction, negative perceptions of injured limbs, suboptimal coping mechanisms and limited social support. Symptoms persisted for protracted periods of follow-up but broadly attenuated after 3 months. We conclude that the high prevalence and enduring nature of psychological symptoms demonstrate an urgent need for further research to optimize treatment. Level of evidence: III
Stroke volume and cardiac output during 6 minute-walk tests are strong predictors of maximal oxygen uptake in people after stroke

Background and objectives The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) is a field test commonly used to predict peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) in people after stroke. Inclusion of cardiodynamic variables measured by impedance cardiography (ICG) during a 6MWT has been shown to improve prediction of VO2peak in healthy adults but these data have not been considered in people after stroke. This study investigates whether the prediction of VO2peak can be improved by the inclusion of cardiovascular indices derived by impedance cardiography (ICG) during the 6MWT in people after stroke. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Patients diagnosed with stroke underwent in random order, a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and 6MWT in separate dates. Heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) were measured by ICG during all tests. Oxygen consumption was recorded by a metabolic cart during the CPET. Recorded data were subjected to multiple regression analyses to generate VO2peak prediction equations. Results Fifty-nine patients, mean age 50.0±11.7 years were included in the analysis. The mean distance covered in the 6MWT (6MWD) was 294±13 m, VO2peak was 19.2±3.2 ml/min/kg. Mean peak HR, SV and CO recorded during 6MWT were 109±6 bpm, 86.3±8.8 ml, 9.4±1.2 L/min and during CPET were 135±14 bpm, 86.6±9 ml, 11.7±2 L/min respectively. The prediction equation with inclusion of cardiodynamic variables: 16.855 + (-0.060 x age) + (0.196 x BMI) + (0.01 x 6MWD) + (-0.416 x SV6MWT) + (3.587 x CO 6MWT) has a higher squared multiple correlation (R2) and a lower standard error of estimate (SEE) and SEE% compared to the equation using 6MWD as the only predictor. Conclusion Inclusion of SV and CO measured during the 6MWT in stroke patients further improved the VO2peak prediction power compared to using 6MWD as a lone predictor.
Respiratory muscle fatigability in patients with spinal muscular atrophy

Respiratory failure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA). Lack of endurance, or “fatigability,” is an important symptom of SMA. In addition to respiratory muscle weakness, respiratory function in SMA may be affected by Respiratory Muscle Fatigability (RMF).
Application of endoscopic purse-string sutures in high-risk peptic ulcer hemorrhage: preliminary experience of 38 cases

Abstract Objective This study is a prospective study to explore the therapeutic effect of endoscopic purse-string sutures in high-risk peptic ulcer hemorrhage. Patients and methods We prospectively collected and analyzed data from July 2018 to December 2020 from patients in Jinshan hospital, Fudan University, who underwent emergency endoscopy for acute severe high-risk non-variceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (NVUGIB) and were treated with endoscopic purse-string sutures. Results We included 38 patients whose median age was 64 years (interquartile range: 57.2 − 71.2 years). All patients were high risk gastric ulcer larger than 1 cm, including Forrest Ia (n = 4, 10.5%), Forrest Ib (n = 13, 34.2%) and Forrest IIa (n = 21, 55.3%). All patients were treated with endoscopic purse-string sutures. The clinical success rate reached 89.5%. Three patients suffered from rebleeding within seven days, and were treated with surgery or arterial embolization, respectively, all of which successfully stopped bleeding. One patient died of myocardial infarction. All other patients were followed up for 30 days without bleeding. Conclusions We conclude that endoscopic purse-string sutures seem to be safe and effective in the treatment of patients at high risk of ulcer bleeding.