Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Binary maximal-ratio combining

This paper evaluates the performance of singleinput/multiple-output (SIMO) wireless communications systems with binary combining vectors for maximum-ratio combining (MRC). Unlike recent work by other researchers who employed BPSK-like-modulated (i.e., ±1-valued) vectors for MIMO transmit beamforming, we employ 0/1-valued vectors, for SIMO MRC. Thus, for highly correlated antennas in Rician and Rayleigh fading, such binary MRC is found nearly as effective as MRC using a channel gain vector estimated based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion. Furthermore, binary MRC is less demanding than MMSE-based MRC because it does not require signal-to-noise ratio knowledge or matrix inversion. We also find that BPSK-like modulation prevents binary MRC from achieving performance similar to that of MMSE-based MRC. Finally, we determine that for binary MRC it is crucial to transform the matrix with the binary combiners according to the channel statistics.
Necrobiome Framework for Bridging Decomposition Ecology of Autotrophically and Heterotrophically Derived Organic Matter

The Department of Entomology, AgBioResearch, the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources and the College of Osteopathic Medicine at Michigan State University provided funding to M. E. Benbow. P. S. Barton. was funded by an Australian Research Council grant (DE150100026). This work was partially funded by a grant from the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice awarded (2014- DN-BX-K008) to H. R. Jordan, M. E. Benbow, and J. L. Pechal. Contributions of J. C. B. were partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under award # DE-EM0004391 to the University of Georgia Research Foundation and M. S. Strickland was partially supported by a National Science Foundation grant (1556753).
Semi-automated Computational Method for Skeletal Muscle Fiber Typing with Lectins : Correlation with Morphometric Studies

Background Muscle fiber typing has been an extensive field of study for many years. Though, limited researches applied lectin histochemistry in the clinical diagnosis of muscle disorders; attention was directed mainly towards enzyme histochemistry. Objective The use of lectins as recognition systems based on specific protein-carbohydrate interactions in correlation with muscle fibers morphometric standards and optical density features to favor the diagnostic procedures of muscle disorders. Methods Cross-sections of tibialis anterior muscle from 15 adult rats were stained with Con A, PNA, SBA, WGA, SWGA, LFA, UEA-I, and UEA-II lectins. Photographs of stained sections were analyzed with ImageJ 1.44 software for muscle fiber area, perimeter, optical density, and integrated density. Results There were statistically significant differences between the parameters of muscle fiber types under study (P<0.05) concerning Con A, LFA and UEA-II lectins, but not for the remaining lectins, regarding the optical density and integrated density of muscle fibers. Conclusions Lectins make accurate recognition of muscle fiber types on fixed paraffin sections when combined with computerized methods to quantify the features seen in muscle biopsies destined for pathological investigations.
Cross-cultural translation and validation of the Hindi version of the intermittent and constant osteoarthritis pain scale in knee osteoarthritis patients

Background: Intermittent and constant osteoarthritis pain (ICOAP) scale is a new outcome measure scale for measuring pain in knee osteoarthritis which is not available in Hindi language. Main objective of this study was to analyse the reliability, validity and responsiveness of the Hindi version of ICOAP questionnaire. Methods: Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the scale was done following standardized protocol. Reliability and validity of the Hindi ICOAP was checked by administrating the scale twice along with Hindi KOOS scale with an interval of 24 days. Responsiveness of the scale was assessed after 4 weeks of physiotherapy treatment for knee osteoarthritis. For reliability and validity analysis testretest reliability, internal consistency and construct validity were analysed and for responsiveness testing, effect size (ES) and standardized response mean (SRM) were calculated. Results: The Hindi ICOAP showed good internal consistency with Cronbach’s α (0.817-0.912) and test-retest reliability (ICC= 0.973-0.984) for ICOAP scores. Correlation of ICOAP constant pain was found (0.68 and 0.68), for ICOAP intermittent pain (0.78 and 0.79) and for ICOAP total pain (0.78 and 0.80) with KOOS pain and symptom score respectively. Responsiveness analysis of Hindi ICOAP scores found ES= (2.63, 2.46, 2.72) and SRM= (3.37, 4.02, 4.38) for constant pain, intermittent pain subscale and total pain scale respectively confirming the responsiveness of the scale. Conclusion: The Hindi ICOAP questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument and it can successfully detect the change in patient’s condition after 4 weeks of physiotherapy for knee osteoarthritis.
Does Forecasts Transparency Affect Macroeconomic Volatility in Developing Countries? Evidence from Quasi-Natural Experiments

In this paper, we empirically investigate the link between forecasts transparency and macroeconomic volatility as measured by inflation and output growth volatility in developing economies. We adopt the quasi-random controlled experiments methodology that divides our sample of 49 developing countries into three categories on the basis of their forecasts transparency. The first category is composed of central banks that are completely opaque over our sample period. The second type of countries is constantly transparent about their forecasts over the period of study while the third category includes central banks that have recently started to disclose their forecasts. In contrast to the previous literature, we interestingly find that increasing forecasts transparency unambiguously leads to higher macroeconomic volatility in developing countries. Indeed, we find that both groups of countries that constantly disclose their forecasts and that have only recently started to disclose their forecasts experience an increase in their macroeconomic volatility compared to the remaining group of countries that are completely opaque. Our results however indicate that forecasts transparency may have some stabilizing effects if and only if it is practiced along with other forms of institutional transparency.
The Openness-calibration hypothesis q

The current study tested the hypotheses that (1) psychological adaptations calibrate Openness to Experience to facilitate or deter pursuit of short-term mating, and (2) this calibration varies as a function of mating strategy, physical attractiveness, and sex—individual differences that shift the costs and benefits of alternative personality strategies. Participants completed a personality inventory before and after reading vignettes describing mating opportunities of different durations (shortand long-term) with individuals of differing levels of attractiveness. Among study findings, participants presented with short-term mating opportunities with individuals of average attractiveness exhibited down-regulated Openness relative to those presented with highly attractive mates. Moreover, these effects varied as a function of the interaction between participants’ sex, mating strategy, and attractiveness. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that evolved psychological mechanisms adaptively calibrate Openness levels in response to short-term mating opportunities. More broadly, they highlight the heuristic value of an evolutionary framework for the study of personality and individual differences. 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Predicting context-dependent cross-modal associations with dimension-specific polarity attributions part 1 – Brightness and aggression

Although researchers have repeatedly shown that the meaning of the same concept can vary across different contexts, it has proven difficult to predict when people will assign which meaning to a concept, and which associations will be activated by a concept. Building on the affective theory of meaning (Osgood, Suci, & Tannenbaum, 1957) and the polarity correspondence principle (Proctor & Cho, 2006), we propose the dimension-specificity hypothesis with the aim to understand and predict the context-dependency of cross-modal associations. We present three sets of experiments in which we use the dimension-specificity hypothesis to predict the cross-modal associations that should emerge between aggression-related concepts and saturation and brightness. The dimension-specificity hypothesis predicts that cross-modal associations emerge depending upon which affective dimension of meaning (i.e., the evaluation, activity, or potency dimension) is most salient in a specific context. The salience of dimensions of meaning is assumed to depend upon the relative conceptual distances between bipolar opposed concept pairs (e.g., good vs. bad). The dimension-specificity hypothesis proposes that plus and minus polarities will be attributed to the bipolar concepts, and associations between concrete and affective abstract concepts that share plus or minus polarities will become activated. Our data support the emergence of dimension-specific polarity attributions. We discuss the potential of dimension-specific polarity attributions to understand and predict how the context influences the emergence of cross-modal associations.
MODULI OF REPRESENTATIONS OF FINITE DIMENSIONAL ALGEBRAS

IN this paper, we present a framework for studying moduli spaces of finite dimensional representations of an arbitrary finite dimensional algebra A over an algebraically closed field k. (The abelian category of such representations is denoted by mod-A.) Our motivation is twofold. Firstly, such moduli spaces should play an important role in organising the representation theory of wild algebras. Secondly, such moduli spaces can be identified with moduli spaces of vector bundles on special projective varieties. This identification is somewhat hidden in earner work ([6], [7]) but has become more explicit recently ([4], [12]). It can now be seen to arise from a 'tilting equivalence' between the derived category of mod-A and the derived category of coherent sheaves on the variety. It is well-established that mod-A is equivalent to the category of representations of an arrow diagram, or 'quiver', Q by linear maps satisfying certain 'admissible' relations. Thus, the problem of classifying A -modules with a fixed class in the Grothendieck group K0(mod-A), represented by a 'dimension vector' a, is converted into one of classifying orbits for the action of a reductive algebraic group GL(a) on a subvariety VA(a) of the representation space 9t{Q, a) of the quiver. Now, the moduli spaces provided by classical invariant theory ([1], [18]) are not interesting in this context. This is because the classical theory only picks out the closed GL(a)-orbits in VA{a), which correspond to semisimple /4-modules, and the quiver Q is chosen so that there is only one semisimple A -module of each dimension vector. On the other hand, we can apply Mumford's geometric invariant theory, with the trivial linearisation twisted by a character x of GL(a), which restricts our attention to an open subset of VA(a), consisting of semistable representations. Within this open set there are more closed orbits and the corresponding algebraic quotient is then a more interesting moduli space. In fact, this approach also has a classical flavour, since it involves the relative (or semi-) invariants of the GL(a) action. The main purpose of this paper is to show that the notions of semistability and stability, that arise from the geometric invariant theory, coincide with more algebraic notions, expressed in the language of mod-A Indeed, the definition is formulated for an arbitrary abelian category as follows:
A system for automatic artifact removal in ictal scalp electroencephalograms

Scalp electroencephalograms (EEGs) constitute a well-established modality in the diagnosis of epilepsy. EEGs are frequently contaminated by artifacts originating from various sources such as scalp muscles, ocular activity, or patient movement. Recently, independent component analysis (ICA) has been applied to separate and remove statistically independent artifactual sources from scalp EEG recorded during seizures. However, this method requires a trained electroencephalographer to visually identify the artifacts among the components extracted by ICA. Proposed is a system to automate this process, using a Bayesian framework to classify the components as either brain activity or artifact. The system identified EEG components with 87.6% sensitivity and 70.2% specificity. Most misclassified components were mixtures ofEEG and artifactual activity. The classification error rate was comparable to the human intra-expert variability observed in EEG classification tasks. The value of system lies in its ability to remove simultaneously and automatically several types of artifacts from the EEG.
Programmable State-Variable Filter with Wide Frequency and Q Tuning Range

This paper presents a state-variable bandpass filter with wide frequency range coverage and wide Q tuning range. The state-variable filter was chosen because it can be easily extended to a universal biquad filter structure [1]. A digital tuning technique with a novel Q-tuning algorithm was implemented in Verilog-A, and a real-time tuning of center frequency fc and Q was demonstrated. The technique is accurate as long as there is no phase error in the system. In the presence of phase error and for high Q filter requirements, tuning algorithm based on magnitude detection was demonstrated. A bandpass filter was simulated in 45nm CMOS technology using RF components for more accurate modeling of the fets. Filter simulation results showed frequency range coverage from 520MHz to 2.2GHz, and Q range from 2 to 400. For a filter with Q=33, simulation results showed a dynamic range of 55dB over a 3dB bandwidth at fc=1.5GHz. The current consumption of the designed filter is 75mA at 1.2V.
Pectin Gels Enriched with Dietary Fibre for the Development of Healthy Confectionery Jams

SUMMARY The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of the addition of dietary fibre from different sources (apple, bamboo, psyllium and wheat) and pectin mass fraction (0.4 and 0.5 g/100 g) on the physicochemical properties of pectin gels for the development of a novel, healthy product similar to a fruit confectionery jam. A mass fraction of 3 g/100 g fibre was added to each pectin gel in order to declare the final product as a source of fibre. It was evident that pectin content, type of fibre, and their interaction had a significant effect on the viscoelastic and mechanical properties, and syneresis (water loss) of the gels. Since syneresis of the gel with 0.4 g/100 g pectin was undesirably high, only studies of gels with 0.5 g/100 g pectin followed from this point forward. Fibre addition had a reinforcing effect on the viscoelastic properties of these gels (wheat>psyllium>bamboo>apple). Psyllium-enriched gels did not suffer any syneresis, although they showed an undesirable “gummy” property, caused by low fracturability, high cohesiveness and low hardness. Then, in order to improve the organoleptic properties of the gels, we combined fibre from different sources in pairs (1:1). In general, fibre combination decreased the viscoelastic properties of the gels. However, mixing psyllium with other fibre produced a desirable effect on the mechanical properties of the gels, keeping the syneresis at 0 g/100 g. This indicates that 0.5 g/100 g pectin and 1.5 g/100 g psyllium fibre with 1.5 g/100 g other fibre was the best formulation for the stability and texture of this product.
Model Reduction of Muscle-Driven Tissue Models

Biomechanical simulations are a necessary tool for a proper understanding of biomechanics and hence are subject to intense research. One field that relies on this research is articulatory speech synthesis as it attempts to simulate the physics of the speech production process. Out of the many aspects involved, muscle driven tissue is one of the most important as it is required to simulate the deformable structures of the vocal tract. Modelling of muscle driven tissue requires continuum models of high complexity for the purpose of accuracy. On the other hand, time-efficient models are desirable in order to provide fast simulations which enable the user to test input parameters interactively. These requirements impose limitations on each other as the time-efficiency of a model is reduced with increasing complexity, hence techniques that can bridge the gap between these requirements are needed. This thesis attempts to bridge this gap through two major contributions. Model reduction techniques, that up until now have only been applied to inactive materials, have been implemented and tested for muscle driven tissue models. The implementation has been made in a general way to ensure that it can be used for biomechanical simulations in other fields than articulatory speech synthesis. In addition, the implementation has been made such that it can handle more advanced simulations than those investigated in this thesis. The simulations show acceptable but not ideal accuracy in both dynamic simulations and in measurements of equilibrium configurations. In addition, the reduced simulations using hyperreduction show good speedup for the more complex models investigated.
Global movement and population biology of Mycosphaerella nubilosa infecting leaves of cold‐tolerant Eucalyptus globulus and E. nitens

Using 10 polymorphic DNA-based microsatellite markers, the genetic diversity of eight Mycosphaerella nubilosa populations from Eucalyptus, comprising 497 isolates from five different countries, was studies using a hierarchical sampling regime. Mycosphaerella nubilosa from eastern Australia (New South Wales) had higher gene (0·506) and genotypic (76%) diversity than other populations, supporting the view that this represents the origin of the pathogen. It was also evident that M. nubilosa populations from Europe and Tanzania were clonal, with the same multilocus haplotypes occurring in South Africa, but being absent in Australia. This suggests that M. nubilosa may have been introduced into Europe via Africa, with a pathway of gene flow from Australia to South Africa, further into Africa and finally to Europe.
Assessment of Water Quality of Lungding Stream through Biomonitoring

Stream ecosystem biomonitoring has been widely used to assess the status of water. It provides information on the health of an ecosystem based on which organisms live in a waterbody. The benthic community is dependent on its surrounding and therefore, it serves as an indicator that reflects the overall condition of the ecosystem. Among the commonly used biomoniting approaches, biotic indices and multimetric approaches are most frequently used to evaluate the environment health of streams and rivers. The macro invertebrate fauna and physico-chemical parameters of Lungding stream of Dima Hasao district were studied seasonally from March 2017 to February 2018. A total of 13 species of benthic invertebrate fauna belonging to three phyla (Annelida, Arthropoda and Mollusca), five classes (Hirudinea, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Crustacea, Insecta) and thirteen families (Hirudinidae, Physidae, Anomidae, Gammaridae,Panaediae, Baetidae Aeshnidae, Belostometidae, Hydrophilidae, Chaoboridae, Chironomidae) were found in the Lungding stream during the study. Gastropoda was predominant (23.71 %) followed by Crustacea, Bivalvia and Hirudinidae with percentage composition of 19%, 16.59% and 11.42% respectively. Among Insects, Dipteran midges (Chaoboridae) with 8.84% were the dominant group. Macroinvertebrates tolerance values ranged between 4 and10 and family biotic index values between 7.64 and 8.15.
Graphical Model Market Maker for Combinatorial Prediction Markets

We describe algorithms for use by prediction markets in forming a crowd consensus joint probability distribution over thousands of related events. Equivalently, we describe market mechanisms to efficiently crowdsource both structure and parameters of a Bayesian network. Prediction markets are among the most accurate methods to combine forecasts; forecasters form a consensus probability distribution by trading contingent securities. A combinatorial prediction market forms a consensus joint distribution over many related events by allowing conditional trades or trades on Boolean combinations of events. Explicitly representing the joint distribution is infeasible, but standard inference algorithms for graphical probability models render it tractable for large numbers of base events. We show how to adapt these algorithms to compute expected assets conditional on a prospective trade, and to find the conditional state where a trader has minimum assets, allowing full asset reuse. We compare the performance of three algorithms: the straightforward algorithm from the DAGGRE (Decomposition-Based Aggregation) prediction market for geopolitical events, the simple block-merge model from the SciCast market for science and technology forecasting, and a more sophisticated algorithm we developed for future markets.
The way forward for coronal heating

The coronal heating problem is one of the major outstanding challenges in astrophysics and, while there has been considerable progress in both theory and observations, it remains a subject of controversy. There have been exciting developments recently on the observational front, with new results from, in particular, Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) (Lin et al. 2002) and Hinode (Kosugi et al. 2007). But there is something of a gulf between theory and observations. The idea of forward modelling has arisen as a means of bridging this gulf and enabling theories to be confronted with observations. The RAS discussion meeting held in January this year focused on new developments in coronal heating and the role of forward modelling.
Time-Varying Lag Synchronization of Complex Dynamical Networks with Unknown Channel Time-Delay

In this paper, time-varying lag synchronization is proposed. Lag time is not fixed but time-varying because the channel delay is usually time varying. Moreover, this channel delay is unknown in this paper. Suitable controller is needed to achieve the lag synchronization between two networks in which every node is a dynamical system, and channel delay between them is unknown and time-varying. Lyapunov function is key theorem to derive sufficient condition. We give one simulation example to show the theory is true and can be applied effectively.