Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magnetic fields at the onset of high-mass star formation

Context. The importance of magnetic fields at the onset of star formation related to the early fragmentation and collapse processes is largely unexplored today. Aims. We want to understand the magnetic field properties at the earliest evolutionary stages of high-mass star formation. Methods. The Atacama Large Millimeter Array is used at 1.3 mm wavelength in full polarization mode to study the polarized emission, and, using this, the magnetic field morphologies and strengths of the high-mass starless region IRDC 18310-4. Results. Polarized emission is clearly detected in four sub-cores of the region; in general it shows a smooth distribution, also along elongated cores. Estimating the magnetic field strength via the Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi method and following a structure function analysis, we find comparably large magnetic field strengths between ~0.3–5.3 mG. Comparing the data to spectral line observations, the turbulent-to-magnetic energy ratio is low, indicating that turbulence does not significantly contribute to the stability of the gas clump. A mass-to-flux ratio around the critical value 1.0 – depending on column density – indicates that the region starts to collapse, which is consistent with the previous spectral line analysis of the region. Conclusions. While this high-mass region is collapsing and thus at the verge of star formation, the high magnetic field values and the smooth spatial structure indicate that the magnetic field is important for the fragmentation and collapse process. This single case study can only be the starting point for larger sample studies of magnetic fields at the onset of star formation.
Statistical downscaling and scenario construction of precipitation in Scania, southern Sweden

Statistical downscaling models for precipitation in Scania, southern Sweden, have been developed and applied to calculate the changes in the future Scanian precipitation climate due to projected changes in the atmospheric composition. The models are based on multiple linear regression, linking large-scale predictors at monthly time resolution to regional statistics of daily precipitation on a monthly basis. To account for spatial precipitation variability within the area, the precipitation statistics were derived for different regions in Scania. The final downscaling models, developed for different regions and seasons, use atmospheric circulation, large-scale humidity and precipitation as predictors. Among the precipitation statistics examined, only the models for estimating the mean precipitation and the frequency of wet days were skilful. Based on the Canadian Global Circulation Model 1 (CGCM1), a future scenario of these two statistics was created. The downscaled scenario shows a significant increase of the annual mean precipitation by about 10% and a slight decrease in the frequency of wet days, indicating an increase in the precipitation amounts as well as in the precipitation intensity. The main increase of precipitation amounts and intensity occur during winter, while the summer precipitation amounts decrease slightly. The seasonal changes found in precipitation are likely attributed to changes in the westerly flow of the atmospheric circulation.
Effect of Varying the Semiconducting/Metallic Tube Ratio on the Performance of Mixed Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Network Gas Sensors

The sensing properties of mixed networks consisting of semiconducting and metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been found to largely vary depending on the ratio of semiconducting to metallic tubes. Solution-deposited 99% semiconductor-enriched nanotube networks exhibited a sensitivity of 1.908%/ppm, whereas the unenriched 66% and 90% enriched samples exhibited a sensitivity of 0.027%/ppm and 0.113%/ppm, respectively. These results suggest that it is extremely important to minimize the metallic pathways to achieve high sensitivity. After an oxygen plasma treatment, the unenriched 66% sample exhibited a 526% increase in sensitivity (0.142%/ppm) compared to the untreated one, whereas the 90% device demonstrated a sensitivity of 1.521%/ppm, which corresponds to an improvement in the sensitivity of 13.5 times the pristine 90% sample. In addition, the plasma-treated sensors exhibited a much faster response time than the untreated one. The significant improvement in the performance of the highly enriched network sensors was explained by the large increase in the anchoring sites for ammonia molecules on the surface of the semiconducting single-walled CNTs and the faster charge transfer from absorbed molecules.
Optimization of composition of blend of natural vegetable oils for the production of milk-containing products

The natural vegetable oils (corn, rapeseed and walnut oils) were selected to create the blend, optimized by the fat and acid composition on their basis. This choice of oils is substantiated according to their physical and chemical characteristics, the fat and acid composition, and compatibility with the milk base, availability, and organoleptic parameters. The developed blend of natural vegetable oils should be combined with dairy products of mass consumption for the optimization of their fat and acid composition. In order to solve the stated problem, the calculations in the environment of the MATLAB mathematical package were carried out. We chose the following criteria for optimization: the ratio of 3 main groups of fatty acids (saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids and to polyunsaturated fatty acids), as well as the ratio of fatty acids of the ω–6 and ω–3 groups. The obtained data were proved experimentally using the method of gas–liquid chromatography for the determination of the exact number of all components of the optimization in the examined samples. Partial substitution (50%) of milk fat in sour milk products with the developed blend of vegetable oils will allow creating dairy products of mass consumption with somewhat optimized fat and acid composition. This design is relevant and appropriate because consumption of such optimized milk containing products will significantly increase the amount of intake of fatty acids from food and will somewhat correct the problem of shortage of the ω–6 and ω–3 fatty acids in a daily ration.
The Inclusion of Academicians into the Industry Sector in Bangladesh: A Model of Industry Engagement and Effective Innovation Performance

Through a detailed review of all factors belonging to the scope of motives that are opportunity-driven, key factors that are most conducive to researchersâ€™ industry engagement have been identified. The relationships between compensation and recognition, access to resources, belief about application of the research, networking opportunities, and industry problem solving with industry engagement were tested. The study design is mixed method with two phases. The first qualitative phase has surfaced potentially significant factors. The second quantitative phase addresses the surveyâ€™s validity, reliability, and design and uses a web-enabled survey to collect data from university academicians and researchers in institutes using a single stage, cross-sectional approach. Inference statistics and Structure Equation Modeling (SEM) were utilized to evaluate the research model. The study has been done on a sample of university and research institute employees in Bangladesh. This study proposes industry engagement model in order to improve organizational learning capability and innovation performance. According to the results application of research and access to resources are significant drivers of industry engagement. Furthermore, industry engagement was confirmed as factor influencing organizational learning capability and organizational innovation performance. The study is valuable for organizations and government policy-makers given that the importance of industry engagement for organizational outcomes has been confirmed. Correspondingly, significant implications for organizations exist, as they are aware of which parts of their operations and conditions will drive relevant talent to engage in the organizationsâ€™ work.
Spatial-Temporal Pattern of Urban Growth in Tehran Megapole

Rapid urbanization and urban growth are complex problems in countries, such as Iran. The major goal of current research is to determine the spatial-temporal pattern of urban growth in Tehran megapole. This research can provide a background for more informed planning. Current research used historical maps and satellite images to determine the urban growth patterns for Tehran megapole for the time period 1921–2011. Spatial metrics were used to analyze the spatial-temporal pattern of urban growth at two levels: Tehran’s Megapole as whole and within the concentric zones in this Megapole. Results show that urban growth rate in Tehran megapole area can be divided into three major periods: (1) rapid growth rate (1921–1976), (2) very rapid growth rate (1976–1986), (3) slow and consistent growth rate (1986–2011). Results also show that urban growth in Tehran city follow tidal waves pattern and consequent phases of growth. These tidal waves are moving toward external edges of Tehran city. This research was an attempt to apply a remote sensing methodology for urban planning purposes. Also, it was an attempt to determine the pattern of urban growth in Tehran megapole which was not determined before.
A cost effective method for stabilizing commercial QC for the measurement of HbA1c using TOSOH G8 analyser

Haemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) represents a key biomarker in diabetes diagnosis and management, as it is indicative of glucose control during the preceding 2-3 months. Laboratories undertaking the measurement of HbA1c utilize Quality Controls (QC) to monitor precision, accuracy and reproducibility of results generated which is an integral part of any health care laboratory. Commercial companies supply lyophilised QC materials with Target mean and acceptable range. After reconstitution it is stable for 7 days as per the control inserts. The stability of reconstituted lyophilised QC material beyond 7 days is not well established and there are lacunae in the literature about the stability of reconstituted QC material at temperatures below 0C. The purpose of this study was to develop a simple method to extend the stability of are constituted commercial HbA1c lyophilised QC material in an attempt to maximize its usage, reduce wastage and make significant cost savings. Clinical laboratories could easily adopt this proposed method as it is easy to implement, and would extend the stability of their reconstituted lyophilised Quality Control (QC) material for a much longer period.
Design & Simulation of Gid Integration of Renewable Energy Sources Using High Frequency Link Cascade Multilevel Inverter

This paper presents a High-frequency link multilevel cascaded medium voltage converter. Medium-voltage converters eliminate the step-up transformer for direct grid integration of renewable power plants, but MMC converters require multiple DC supplies. The high frequency magnetic link is used to generate the multiple isolated DC sources for all H-bridge inverter cells of the MMC converters and it also minimizes the voltage imbalance, common mode issue.The proposed system performance is analyzed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. It is expected that the proposed new technology will have great potential for future renewable power generation and smart grid application. Finally, the proposed new topology is simulated by MATLAB/Simulink software to validate the accuracy of the theoretical explanation. Keywords: Pulse Width Modulation ( PWM); Direct grid integration, high frequency link; medium-voltage converters; modular multilevel cascaded converters; Renewable Energy Systems(RES)
Worldwide genetic structure of albacore Thunnus alalunga revealed by microsatellite DNA markers

One of the most common problems in fisheries is the definition of management units. Albacore Thunnus alalunga is an important species for commercial fisheries. Its population struc- ture is still partially unknown; however, on the basis of fisheries data, tagging experiments, and morpho-ecological studies, 6 management units are currently accepted for this species. The main objective of this study was to define genetic entities within T. alalunga and to discuss the appro- priateness of current management units. For this purpose, 13 microsatellite loci were applied to 551 albacore samples collected worldwide, and the population genetic structure was assessed. The most relevant differences between management and genetic units were that (1) Atlantic and Indian Ocean samples are genetically indistinguishable, and (2) possible differentiation exists within the Pacific Ocean and also within the Mediterranean Sea. Thus, this study provides genetic information to clarify albacore population delimitation, which is a key factor to reach the demanded sustainable management of this resource.
LONG RUN PROJECTIONS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS

The prediction of future temperature increases depends critically on the projections of future greenhouse gas emissions. Yet there is a vigorous debate about how these projections should be undertaken and how reasonable is the approach of the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) which forms the basis of nearly all recent analyses of the impacts of climate change. In particular there has been significant criticism by Ian Castles and David Henderson regarding the plausibility of some scenarios. This paper explores a range of methodological issues surrounding projecting greenhouse emissions over the next century. It points out that understanding future emissions, requires a framework that deals with the sources of economic growth and allows for endogenous structural change. It also explores the role of “convergence” assumptions and the debate regarding the use of purchasing power parity (PPP) measurement versus market exchange rate (MER) measurement of income differentials. Using the G-Cubed multi-country model we show that emission projections based on convergence assumptions defined in MER terms, are 40% higher by 2100 than emissions generated using a PPP comparison of income differentials between economies. This result illustrates the argument by Castles and Henderson that the use of MER convergence assumptions will likely overestimate emissions projections, taking many other issues as given. However it is not clear what this means for the SRES projections given that it might be argued that in some models in the SRES, there could be endogenous changes in technology that will offset this result. We do not have access to those models to explore this issue and can only show what this particular assumption implies in the G-Cubed model. It is also ambiguous exactly what was done in the SRES report regarding convergence assumptions in some scenarios. Either way these results do not imply that climate change is not an issue but that there is a great deal of uncertainty about future climate projections and it is very unhelpful to presume that all futures are equally likely. In order to deal with this we also propose as a better guide to policymakers a methodology that calculates probabilities for future projections rather than the approach of SRES which is based on storylines without any assessment of plausibility. It is unfortunate that some analyses of the impacts of future climate change are based on the extreme outliers from the SRES without any understanding of the probability of these outcomes. This alternative approach could be done using the economic approach proposed in the G-Cubed model as outlined in this paper, or it could be done with the existing range of SRES scenarios to better inform the debate on likely future greenhouse scenarios.
Discourse Structures of Condolence Speech Act

Condolence is part of Austin’s expressive speech act and is related to Searle’s behabitives illocutionary act. Although a theoretically sound issue in pragmatics, condolence speech act has not been investigated as much as other speech acts in discourse-related studies. This paper aims at investigating interjections and intensifiers while performing condolence speech act among Persian and English speakers. Movie analysis was utilized to gather information about how native speakers used interjections and intensifiers while performing condolence speech act. Of particular interest was the use of repetition, multiple intensifiers, implicit intensifiers, expressing explicit concern for the bereaved, and using adjectival intensifiers. The results of the Chisquare revealed that: a) there was a significant difference among intensifiers and interjections in each culture; b) interjections and intensifiers can be organized semantically; and (c) the nature of English and Persian intensifiers is syntactically different. To link theory into practice, pedagogical implications are discussed in the context of EFL.
Managerial decision-making on the location of banking headquarters in the Czech Republic

Abstract Location decision-making constitutes one of pivotal tasks for banking managements, which applies to both banking headquarters and affiliates. The main objective of this article consists in analysis and interpretation of location factors that stay behind location-decision making of banking managements and subsequent collocation of banking head offices in the Czech Republic. In doing so, cluster analysis was utilised appropriately and it turned out, initial 18 location factors can be decreased to final three mutually similar groups, which satisfactorily embody location criteria banking managements take into account. As it has been proven banking landscape in the Czech Republic is still influenced by traditional hard factors of location, nonetheless their soft counterparts should be increasingly considered.
Grid3 : An Application Grid Laboratory for Science

We describe experiences from nine months of continuous operations of the Grid3 Laboratory, deployed as a result of the Grid2003 Project. The project was organized as an application-driven grid platform that would provide the production-scale services needed by the physics experiments of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN (ATLAS and CMS), the Sloan Digital Sky Survey project, the gravitational wave search experiment LIGO, the BTeV experiment at Fermilab, applications in molecular structure analysis and genome analysis, and computer science research projects in such areas as job and data scheduling. The deployed infrastructure has been operating since November 2003 with 30 sites, a peak of over 3000 processors, work loads from 10 different applications exceeding 1300 simultaneous jobs, and data transfers among sites of greater than 2 TB/day. We describe the basic components of the infrastructure and results from its use in LHC data challenges.
The Prelude from Bach’s Suite No.4 for Violoncello Solo: The Submerged Urlinie

The contrapuntal texture of the Prelude from Bach's Suite No.4 for Solo Violoncello involves a quick-moving and active bass line above which 1\ all three factors of the tonic triad initiate important linear strands: 8 forms 1\ a cover tone that begins and ends the Prelude; 5 is the first note of a rising 1\ 1\ 1\ fourth-progression that culminates in the final 8; 3 descends to 1 at the structural cadence before the coda. These three strands interact with each other and with the bass in complex ways; among the complexities is a carefully elaborated introduction of chromatic elements, centering on a contradiction between D~ and D~ whose resolution helps to direct the Prelude's large-scale harmonic structure. 1\ 1\ 1\ In the opening tonic arpeggio, 3 lies below 8 and 5, and a disposition 1\ 1\ that characterizes the Prelude as a whole. Thus the descent from 3 to 1 occurs in the middle of the texture rather than at the top. This structural line is embedded within a contrapuntal complex in a way that gives it a somewhat unusual character. The "melodic" foreground sounds less like the exfoliation of the Urlinie than like the composite of elements from the three primary strands, the Urlinie being first among equals rather than the governing upper voice. This suggests that the inference of a twopart outer-voice counterpoint has less explanatory power for the Prelude than it does for most of the tonal repertory.
Dihydroartemisinin suppresses cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis in human glioma U87 cells

Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin, which is a well tolerated and effective drug for malaria treatment, has shown potent antitumor ability. This study is explored to evaluate whether DHA can inhibit glioma cell proliferation, invasion, and glioma cell mediated angiogenesis. We determined the glioma U87 cell proliferation by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, fluorescence, and flow cytometry (FCM). The invasion and migration of U87 cell were tested by wound-scratch assay and martrigel-transwell methods, while its angiogenesis tube formation assay was tested with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Our data suggested that DHA inhibited cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner, triggered a stringent G1 cell cycle arrest, and induced cell apoptosis of glioma U87 cells. Tube formation assays showed that DHA significantly decreased glioma cell tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVC), and suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA expression and its release in U87 cells. In addition, wound-scratch assay and martrigel-transwell showed that DHA decreased U87 cell invasion and migration in vitro. These results indicated that DHA might be a valuable candidate for treatment of human glioma. Key words: Dihydroartemisinin, glioma, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis.
Investigation of springback in U shape bending with holes in component

One of the sensitive features of the sheet metal forming is the elastic recovery at the time of unloading called springback. Sheet metals are prone to some amount of springback depending on elastic deformation. Obtaining the desired size and shape of the component and also design of die and punch depends on the knowledge of the amount of spring-back. So the accurate prediction of the springback is very important. The springback is affected by the factors such as sheet thickness, material properties, tooling geometry etc. In the present paper the effect of various parameters such as sheet thickness, ratio of die radius to sheet thickness i.e. R /t ratio, strength coefficient and strain hardening exponent on springback are studied for the U shape component without holes and with holes in it.
Spatial statistics in ecological analysis: from indices to functions

This paper presents a review of the most common methods in ecological studies aimed at spatial analysis of population structures (horizontal and vertical), based on point process statistics. Methods based on simple spatially explicit indices as well as more sophisticated methods relying on functions are described in a comprehensible manner. Simple indices revealing the information on spatial structure at the scale of the nearest neighbor can be easily implemented in practical forestry. On the other hand, spatial functions, based on much more detailed data, describe the spatial structure in terms of the spatial relationships between the natural processes and population structures and because of this complexity they are rarely used in forest practice. Including both methods in a single paper is also valuable from the potential reader’s point of view saving their time for searching and choosing the appropriate method to make their spatial analysis. This paper can also serve as an initial guide for young researchers or those who are going to start their studies on spatial aspects of bio-systems. Avoiding the statistical and mathematical details makes this paper understandable for readers who are not statisticians or mathematicians. Readers will