Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of genetic algorithms for control design in power systems

Proposed is a new method of designing control systems which relies on a combination of advanced system simulators and genetic computation. In contrast with standard approaches applied to control systems, which often rely on a simplified model of a system, this framework provides realistic full-scale modelling abilities, accomplished via system simulators along with the optimisation versatility of genetic algorithms. In particular, genetic algorithms are capable of handling high multivariable and multimodal optimisation problems which usually arise in the setting of complex systems, The method is implemented as an extension to the electromagnetic transients (EMT) program EMTDC/sup TM/. The combination of the EMT program and genetic algorithms resulted in a tool for optimal control design in the area of power systems. A method of using this tool and the results of its application to the design of optimal controls for the CIGRE benchmark model and a multi-terminal DC system are presented.
Low-sensitivity recursive digital filters obtained via the delay replacement

A method is proposed for synthesizing very low-sensitivity recursive digital filters on the basis of three techniques: 1) delay replacement; 2) transformation of resistance-terminated reactive ladders into digital structures; 3) multiplier scaling. The method applies to the case where the poles of the transfer function of the filter are near z = 1 , as is the case when the sampling rate is increased. The low-sensitivity property of the resulting schemes is proved and illustrated by examples.
From high-resolution CT data to finite element models: development of an integrated modular framework

New ideas for the extraction of finite element (FE) models from high-resolution computed tomography datasets are presented. The multi-step approach starts with a 3D region-growing algorithm in order to extract the outer voxel based iso-surface. This information is used to compute a voxel model of the cortical shell. The next step provides triangulated surfaces of the outer bone contour. Three-dimensional deformable models using a gradient vector flow and a multi-level mesh resampling are used. These meshes are self-regularising and of high quality. A further step contains a new self correcting cortical shell thickness evaluation algorithm, which results in topological conform smooth inner and outer compact bone iso-surface meshes. Such iso-surfaces can be used for numerically efficient FE models, which are of bio-mechanical and clinical importance. Details of the approach are described and applications with respect to a human proximal femur and vertebral body are shown.
Geometrical control of transverse electromagnetic wave propagation in nonuniform microwave superconducting transmission lines

It is well known that photonic structures with subwavelength features can be homogenized and thus be accurately approximated by homogeneous yet spatially dispersive structures. This idea is here applied to nonuniform superconducting transmission lines with subwavelength nonuniformities, i.e. subcentimeter features in the microwave regime. A closed form expression is found for the equivalent characteristic impedance and propagation constant of a uniform transmission line that can accurately model the transverse electromagnetic (TEM) propagation within nonuniform superconducting transmission lines with subwavelength inhomogeneities. It is shown that electromagnetic wave propagation, in particular the group velocity of propagating TEM waves, can be well controlled by introduction of subwavelength (subcentimeter) geometrical variations within the line. This ability is of great importance in design of matching stages. In our numerical examples, quasi-TEM superconducting microstrip lines with a superconductive strip of varying width are considered and the group velocity of the quasi-TEM modes is controlled by duly varying the line width. The obtained results are validated by being compared against the well-known technique of stair-case approximation whereby the considered nonuniform line is sliced into several sections each being small enough to be considered uniform.
Shaded image machining: a reverse engineering approach using computer vision techniques and analytical methods to reproduce sculptured surfaces

Recovering surface geometry from crafted masters is an essential process in the manufacture of production moulds and dies. Direct copying and reverse engineering strategies are used intensively to support the tool-making process but high labour skill and costly measuring equipment are necessary to realize the finished products. The aim of this paper is to report a new surface reproduction approach, which is based on the techniques of photometric stereo and shape from shading. The tool path planning parameters, surface normals and coordinates, are recovered from a group of halftone photographic images using a combination of the reversal of the Phong illumination model, and successive integration of the gradient parameters on linear reflectance maps. The halftone images are captured and processed using computer vision techniques. This data is used to drive a ball-nosed cutter under numerical control. The approach can produce surfaces as complex as the human figure, which are difficult to reproduce by conven.
Influence of distributed wind generation and load composition on voltage sags

The envisaged increased penetration of distributed generation (DG) in electrical power networks poses challenging technical and contractual issues to both utilities and industry. Technical issues related to power quality, in particular to voltage-sag propagation and characteristics in networks with a large penetration of fixed speed wind DG are addressed. A comprehensive analysis of voltage-sag propagation in a realistic distribution network is performed. The influence of network topology, location and percentage of connected wind generation, network loading and load composition is investigated in detail. It is shown that the influence of DG on voltage-sag characteristics and propagation is strongly dependent on its location and on load composition.
Some Problems of the Modeling the Optical Breakdown and Shock Processes in Nonlinear and Relaxed Optics

Problems of the modelling optical breakdown and shock processes in Nonlinear (NLO) and Relaxed (RO) Optics are connected with acoustic (thermal) and electromagnetic (plasma and Nonlinear optical) nature [1-12]. These processes may be connected with diffractive stratification of laser beam, self-focusing, self-trapping, generation of supercontinuum radiation (ordered – Cherenkov radiation, and disorder – plasma radiation) [4].
Development of Low- and High-Birefringence Optical Fibers

The polarization properties of single-mode optical fibers are easily modified by environmental factors. While this can be exploited in a number of fiber sensor devices, it can be troublesome in applications where a stable output polarization-state is required. Fibers with both low and high birefringence have been developed to enhance or diminish their environmental sensitivity, and recent progress in each area is reviewed. Low-birefringence fibers are described which are made by spinning the preform during the draw. In addition, developments in high-birefringence fibers which maintain a polarization state over long lengths are summarized. The effect on performance of external factors such as bends, transverse pressure, and twists is analyzed. Consideration is also given to polarization mode-dispersion as a potential limiting factor in ultrahigh bandwidth systems.
A Trypanosoma brucei orphan kinesin employs a convergent microtubule organization strategy to complete cytokinesis

Many single-celled eukaryotes have complex cell morphologies defined by cytoskeletal elements comprising microtubules arranged into higher-order structures. Trypanosoma brucei (T. brucei) cell polarity is mediated by a parallel array of microtubules that underlie the plasma membrane and define the auger-like shape of the parasite. The subpellicular array must be partitioned and segregated using a microtubule-based mechanism during cell division. We previously identified an orphan kinesin, KLIF, that localizes to the division plane and is essential for the completion of cytokinesis. To gain mechanistic insight into how this novel kinesin functions to complete cleavage furrow ingression, we characterized the biophysical properties of the KLIF motor domain in vitro. We found that KLIF is a non-processive dimeric kinesin that dynamically crosslinks microtubules. Microtubules crosslinked in an antiparallel orientation are translocated relative to one another by KLIF, while microtubules crosslinked parallel to one another remain static, resulting in the formation of organized parallel bundles. In addition, we found that KLIF stabilizes the alignment of microtubule plus ends. These features provide a mechanistic understanding for how KLIF functions to form a new pole of aligned microtubule plus ends that defines the shape of the new posterior, which is a unique requirement for the completion of cytokinesis in T. brucei.
A Deformation Prediction Model of High Arch Dams in the Initial Operation Period Based on PSR-SVM-IGWO

The deformation prediction of the dam in the initial stage of operation is very important for the safety of high dams. A hybrid model integrating chaos theory, support vector machine (SVM), and an improved Grey Wolf Optimization (IGWO) algorithm is developed for deformation prediction of dam in the initial operation period. Firstly, the chaotic characteristics of the dam deformation time series will be identified, mainly using the Lyapunov exponent method, the correlation dimension method, and the Kolmogorov entropy method. Secondly, the SVM-IGWO model based on phase space reconstruction (PSR) is established for deformation forecasting of the dam in the initial operation period. Taking SVM as the core, the deformation time series is reconstructed in phase space to determine the input variables of SVM and the GWO algorithm is improved to realize the optimization of SVM parameters. Finally, take the actual monitoring displacement of Xiluodu super-high arch dam as an example. The engineering application example shows that, compared with the existing models, the prediction accuracy of the PSR-SVM-IGWO model established in this paper is improved.
Turbo coded signals over wireless local loop environment

Summary In this paper, the performance of turbo coded signals are investigated over Wireless Local Loop (WLL) environment with no side information on the phase noise and and no channel state information (CSI). We assume that the transmitter and the receiver are point-to-point microwave links, separated by WLL which is modelled as 1+Dn/Partial Response Microwave Channel (PMRC) with realizable and practical medium parameters. Here, the combined effects of the nonideal coherent receiver on the phase of the received amplitude and of a noisy carrier reference are considered, each modelled by the Rayleigh and Tikhonov distributions respectively. As an example, the jitter performance of turbo coded signals are evaluated over 1+Dn/PRMC with effective signal-to-noise ratio in the carrier tracking loop, fading parameter, iteration number and frame data block size. The numerical results clearly demonstrate the error performance degradation due to both amplitude fading and phase noise process.
International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems Voltage Regulators and Capacitor Placement in Three-phase Distribution Systems with Non-linear and Unbalanced Loads

This paper investigates the problem of contemporaneously choosing optimal locations and sizes for both shunt capacitors and series voltage regulators in three-phase unbalanced distribution systems. The sizing and placement procedure not only minimizes the power losses along distribution feeders but also makes sure that both capacitors and series regulators will have the minimum possible impact on the harmonic distortion of bus voltages in the system. The fact that distribution systems can operate under unbalanced loading conditions means that the optimization will have to account for any unbalances in the system. A genetic algorithm, which successfully solves the above-described problem, is developed and tested. This paper presents the results of simulations for a 34-bus IEEE distribution test system.
Nutritional profile of cancer patients treated at an outpatient oncology center in the south region of Brazil

To evaluate the nutritional profile of cancer patients treated at an oncology center in South Brazil. This is a descriptive, exploratory and sectional study that was developed in a process that involved 100 patients aged between 18 and 75 years old, suffering from cancer. The anthropometric variables studied were weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), arm circumference (AC), arm muscle circumference (AMC), triceps skinfold (TSF) and corrected arm muscle area (cAMA). For subjective nutritional assessment, we used the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). Nearly half of the patients evaluated had a critical need for nutritional intervention. There was a statistically significant association between cAMA and marital status, age and gender; between AC and age, gender and staging; between AMC and staging; between BMI and marital status and age; and between TSF and marital status. Patients diagnosed with IV stage had the lowest values for nutritional variables. There was no significant association between nutritional status of patients obtained by the PG-SGA instrument and sociodemographic characteristics. Malnutrition should be diagnosed as soon as possible, aiming at early intervention and improving survival and quality of life. Therefore, early nutritional assessment in cancer patients is required, combining subjective and objective methods.
Dual-Resonator-Based (DRB) and Multiple-Resonator-Based (MRB) MEMS Sensors: A Review

Single-resonator-based (SRB) sensors have thrived in many sensing applications. However, they cannot meet the high-sensitivity requirement of future high-end markets such as ultra-small mass sensors and ultra-low accelerometers, and are vulnerable to environmental influences. It is fortunate that the integration of dual or multiple resonators into a sensor has become an effective way to solve such issues. Studies have shown that dual-resonator-based (DRB) and multiple-resonator-based (MRB) MEMS sensors have the ability to reject environmental influences, and their sensitivity is tens or hundreds of times that of SRB sensors. Hence, it is worth understanding the state-of-the-art technology behind DRB and MRB MEMS sensors to promote their application in future high-end markets.
Design of defected ground structures for harmonic control of active microstrip antenna

Photonic bandgap (PBG) structures are usually periodic structures in which propagation of a certain band of frequencies is prohibited. PBG structures for microwave frequencies are applied in planar circuits such as microstrip line and CPW (coplanar waveguide). In this case, they are more frequently termed defected ground structures (DGS). Most of the research performed on DGS has been based on the equivalent circuit consisting of lumped elements, L and C, extracted from EM simulations (see D. Ahn et al., IEEE MTT, vol.49, 2001). In addition, we also consider radiation effects by including resistance, R, in the equivalent circuit. The general 1D periodic structures with N unit cells are analyzed using an ABCD matrix formulation. The effects of the RLC elements of the unit cell, the spacing between the unit cells, and the cell number, N, are investigated in detail. For a design example, a simple 1D DGS with N=2 is designed for harmonic control through a modeling using transmission line theory. This 1D DGS with N=2 is much simpler than the one proposed by Y. Horii and M. Tsutsmi (see IEEE MGWL, vol.9, no.1. p.1895-8, 1999). The proposed approach enables us to design the required DGS quite easily and quickly.
Application of time modulation in the synthesis of sum and difference patterns by using linear arrays

In this paper, time modulation is applied to a small number of elements of a linear array that radiates either sum or difference patterns, in order to take control over their sidelobe levels. The simulated annealing (SA) technique helps to obtain the optimum time pulses applied to such elements in terms of sideband minimization. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 829–832, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21489
Analysis of the Inter-Annual Variation of Peanut Yield in Georgia Using a Dynamic Crop Simulation Model

It is common practice to use crop simulation models and long-term weather data to study the impact of climate variability on yield. Simulated yields mainly reflect the weather variability but not the adoption of new technologies; both sources of variation are reflected in long-term observed yields. Therefore, long-term observed yields, if available, cannot be readily used for evaluation of crop models. The objectives of this study were to analyze the impact of climate variability on long-term historical peanut yield in Georgia obtained with a dynamic crop simulation model and to assess the applicability of using long-term average county yield determined from statistical estimates for evaluation of the simulated yield. Observed yields obtained from state variety trials as well as yield estimates from the USDA-NASS for three counties in the Georgia peanut belt from 1934 to 2003 were used for evaluating simulated yield series. Simulated yields based on the CSM-CROPGRO-Peanut model were categorized into three technological periods (TP). A weighted average based on the acreage of the soil type, the peanut type, and the irrigated land in each county was calculated to obtain a unique simulated yield. Then yields and weather data of the 70-year period were grouped with respect to El Nino Southern Oscillation phases and TPs. Pearson's coefficient of correlation, the least significant difference (LSD), and the t-test were used to evaluate the results. When compared with observed yields, NASS estimates failed to estimate the weather variability at the beginning of the period, but simulated yields clearly reflected that variability during the 70-year period. NASS yield estimates seemed to be useful for evaluating simulated yields from the mid-1970s. The results showed that crop models can be useful in understanding the inter-annual variation of yield due to climate variability if appropriate adjustments are made to account for changes and improvements in agrotechnology.
Do Rubber Floor Mats Prevent Lameness in Gestating Sows Housed in Large Groups? A Field Experiment on Three Commercial Farms in France

Simple Summary In the European Union, gestating sows are housed in groups in pens that often have slatted floors. Slatted floor can cause injuries to the animals’ legs and hooves, leading to potentially painful lameness. The purpose of our study was to verify if the installation of rubber mats on their floors could limit the occurrence of injuries and lameness in gestating sows. Mats were installed on three commercial farms for use over two consecutive sow pregnancies. The mats limited the occurrence of inflammations around the sows’ leg joints but had no impact on the occurrence of lameness or leg and hoof injuries. The benefit of mats would be greater if they were available throughout the sows’ lives and not just during the gestation period. However, the mat design tested was unsatisfactory because manure did not drain well off the mat and sows were dirtied quickly. Abstract Lameness and foot disorders are major health and welfare issues in intensive swine production systems. They are exacerbated when sows are housed in large groups on slatted concrete floors during gestation. Our study aimed to assess the effect of rubber mats in the lying area of the gestation pen on lameness and leg health in gestating sows housed in large pens in commercial conditions. The study was conducted on three commercial farms over two successive gestations. A total of 582 Large White × Landrace sows, housed in 10 static groups, were enrolled: 5 groups in pens with rubber mats and 5 groups on slatted concrete floors. Lameness, bursitis, leg injuries, claw growth defects and claw lesions were measured at the beginning, middle and end of each gestation period. The rubber mats decreased the risk of suffering from bursitis, but had no effect on the risk of lameness, leg injuries, claw growth defects or claw lesions. Sows housed on rubber mats were heavily soiled compared with those on slatted concrete floors because the mats were not perforated for slurry evacuation. Locomotion disorders and foot lesions remained prevalent despite the rubber mats in the lying area of the gestation pens, but adding rubber mats in service rooms and farrowing crates may produce better results.
Exogenous Application of Proline and L-Cysteine Alleviates Internal Browning and Maintains Eating Quality of Cold Stored Flat ‘Maleki’ Peach Fruits

The postharvest life of flat peach fruit is limited by the appearance of chilling injury symptoms, especially internal browning. In this study, impacts of the exogenous application of proline (0, 5, 10, and 15 mM) and L-cysteine (0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6%) on attenuating chilling injury of flat peach fruit were evaluated all over the cold storage. The results demonstrated that the fruits treated with 15 mM proline and 0.4 % L-cysteine showed lower levels of internal browning and these treatments prevented the excess enhancement of total soluble solids (TSS), the decline of titratable acidity (TA) content and the loss of fruit firmness during storage time. A lower accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), electrolyte leakage, and higher activity of antioxidant enzymes, along with higher ascorbic acid content and antioxidant capacity, were observed in treated fruits. Treated fruits also showed higher activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and conversely lower activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), which led to a higher accumulation of total phenols and flavonoids. Moreover, a higher accumulation of endogenous proline was observed in 15 mM proline treated fruits. Eventually, according to our results, the exogenous administration of proline and L-cysteine as safe, natural and environmentally friendly treatments, preserved the nutritional quality of flat peach fruits during long-term cold storage.
Forecasting Daily Tourism Demand for Tourist Attractions with Big Data: An Ensemble Deep Learning Method

Accurate forecasting of daily tourism demand is a meaningful and challenging task, but studies on this issue are scarce. To address this issue, multisource time series data, relating to past tourist volumes, web search information, daily weather conditions, and the dates of public holidays, are selected as the forecasting variables. To fully capture the relationship between these forecasting variables and actual tourism demand automatically, an ensemble of long short-term memory (LSTM) networks is proposed with a correlation-based predictor selection (CPS) algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified in daily tourism demand forecasting for the Huangshan Mountain Area, benchmarked against 11 forecasting methods. This study contributes to the literature by (1) introducing the use of big data in daily tourism demand forecasting, (2) proposing an ensemble of LSTM networks for daily tourism demand forecasting, and (3) providing an effective predictor selection algorithm in ensemble learning.