Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Limitations of adaptive mesh re$nement techniques for singularly perturbed problems with a moving interior layer

In a composed domain on an axis R with the moving interface boundary between two subdomains, we consider an initial value problem for a singularly perturbed parabolic reaction–di3usion equation in the presence of a concentrated source on the interface boundary. Monotone classical di3erence schemes for problems from this class converge only when N−1 + N−1 0 , where is the perturbation parameter, N and N0 de$ne the number of mesh points with respect to x (on segments of unit length) and t. Therefore, in the case of such problems with moving interior layers, it is necessary to develop special numerical methods whose errors depend rather weakly on the parameter and, in particular, are independent of (i.e., -uniformly convergent methods). In this paper we study schemes on adaptive meshes which are locally condensing in a neighbourhood of the set ∗, that is, the trajectory of the moving source. It turns out, that in the class of di3erence schemes consisting of a standard $nite di3erence operator on rectangular meshes which are (a priori or a posteriori) locally condensing in x and t, there are no schemes that converge -uniformly, and in particular, even under the condition ≈ N−2 +N−2 0 , if the total number of the mesh points between the cross-sections x0 and x0 + 1 for any x0 ∈R has order of NN0. Thus, the adaptive mesh re$nement techniques used directly do not allow us to widen essentially the convergence range of classical numerical methods. On the other hand, the use of This work was supported partially by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under Grant No. 01–01–01022 and by the Enterprise Ireland Grant SC–2000–070. ∗ Address for correspondence: Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16 S. Kovalevskaya Street, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia. E-mail addresses: shishkin@imm.uran. ru, shishkin@maths.tcd. ie (G.I. Shishkin). 0377-0427/$ see front matter c © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.cam. 2003.09. 022 268 G.I. Shishkin / Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 166 (2004) 267–280 condensing meshes but in a local coordinate system $tted to the set ∗ makes it possible to construct schemes which converge -uniformly for N; N0 → ∞; such a scheme converges at the rate O(N−1 ln N + N−1 0 ). c © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. MSC: 65M06; 65M15; 65M50; 35B25
Bioassessments of anaerobically decomposing organic refuse in laboratory lysimeters with and without leachate recycling and pH adjustment

In this paper, various microbial characteristics of degrading refuse in three lysimeters were compared to bioassess the operating conditions with and without leachate recycling and pH adjustment. Laboratory lysimeters with leachate recycling produced more gas and took less time to reach the highest methane percentage than a lysimeter without leachate recycling. Generally, lysimeters with leachate recycling showed high ATP (adenosine triphosphate) contents in the leachate. But there were no significant differences in dehydrogenase activities among the lysimeters. Leachate of all lysimeters inhibited the bioluminescence activities of the strain tested. Bioluminescence activity was more inhibited by the lysimeter with no leachate recycling (high inhibition corresponds to high toxicity of leachate). Generally, less inhibition was observed in the middle of the operation phase, which was related with the biodegradation activity.
Three-dimensional dynamic modelling of robotic fish: simulations and experiments

This paper deals with a three-dimensional (3-D) dynamic model for a free-swimming, multi-link fish-like robot to predict the dynamic characteristics of an artificial fish system using the Schiehlen method in the context of multibody dynamics. The robotic fish, according to propulsive mechanisms employed by fish, propels itself using lateral oscillations and achieves a climb or descent manoeuvre exploiting a pair of pectoral fins. Mechanically, the robotic fish consists of a stiff head, a flexible rear body and an oscillating lunate caudal fin, which can essentially be viewed as an open, tree-like multibody system. The kinematic analysis is then integrated with hydrodynamic analysis on multiple moving elements to derive complete dynamic equations in a form suited for computer implementation as well as controller design. A variety of locomotion behaviours, through regulating parametric sets, can be reproduced. Numerical simulations and actual experiments on degenerative planar swimming and combined motions are finally compared, which partially demonstrate the effectiveness of the built model.
Review of fuzzy system models with an emphasis on fuzzy functions

Fuzzy system modelling (FSM) is one of the most prominent tools that can be used to identify the behaviour of highly non-linear systems with uncertainty. In the past, FSM techniques utilized Type 1 fuzzy sets in order to capture the uncertainty in the system. However, since Type 1 fuzzy sets express the belongingness of a crisp value x' of an input variable x in a fuzzy set A by a crisp membership value μA(x'), they cannot fully capture the uncertainties associated with higher-order imprecisions in identifying membership functions. In the future, we are likely to observe higher types of fuzzy sets, such as Type 2 fuzzy sets. The use of Type 2 fuzzy sets and linguistic logical connectives has drawn a considerable amount of attention in the realm of FSM in the last two decades. In this paper, we first review Type 1 fuzzy system models known as Zadeh, Takagi— Sugeno and Turkşen models; then we review potentially future realizations of Type 2 fuzzy systems again under the headings of Zadeh, Takagi—Sugeno and Turkşen fuzzy system models, in contrast to Type 1 fuzzy system models. Zadeh's and Takagi—Sugeno's models are essentially fuzzy rule base (FRB) models, whereas Turkşen's models are essentially fuzzy function (FF) models. Type 2 fuzzy system models have a higher predictive power. One of the essential problems of Type 2 fuzzy system models is computational complexity. In data-driven FSM methods discussed here, a fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering algorithm is used in order to identify the system structure, ie, either the number of fuzzy rules or alternately the number of FFs.
Modal models for vibro-acoustic response analysis of fluid-loaded plates

Modal models are developed for vibro-acoustic response computation of fluid-structure interaction problems on the basis of modal frequencies and modal damping ratios. The uncoupled equations are built using in vacuo mode shapes and fluid-loaded undamped real mode shapes and are solved for the coupled response of the fluid-loaded structures. Conventional modal analysis techniques are used to obtain the response of the coupled fluid-structure systems from a reduced-order modal model. The accuracy and efficiency of the technique is demonstrated with examples of computing the vibro-acoustic response of a baffled thin plate and a baffled thick stiffened plate. The comparisons in terms of mean-square normal velocity and sound power between the present models and the conventional coupling method show a good agreement. The present modal models for computing the vibro-acoustic response of the fluid-loaded structures have the advantages of constructing a model from modal parameters that could be obtained from either numerical computation or experimental measurement; a small dimension of using only a very small number of modes; and of being applicable to conventional modal analysis techniques. These features may make the present technique a powerful tool for dynamics and the control of fluid-loaded structures.
A speed control for a PMSM using finite-time feedback control and disturbance compensation

The speed-regulation problem for a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) servo system is studied in this paper. In order to improve the disturbance rejection property of the PMSM, a novel composite controller for the speed-loop is presented. First, an extended state observer (ESO) is introduced to estimate the disturbances of the system. The estimated value is used in the feed-forward compensation design. Second, a continuous feedback-based finite-time control technique is employed for the feedback design. The composite speed controller can be considered as a composition of finite-time proportional feedback plus feed-forward compensation based on ESO (FTP + ESO). Two standard proportional—integral (PI) controllers are employed for two current loops. The closed-loop system of the speed error can be regarded as a first-order finite-time control system with bounded disturbances. Rigorous analysis shows that the proposed scheme can enhance the disturbance rejection property of the closed-loop system. Simulation and experimental comparisons with two other control methods, ie the composite control method with proportional feedback plus feed-forward compensation based on ESO (P + ESO), and the PI control method, are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A robust adaptive horizon recognizing algorithm based on projection

The main contribution of this paper arises from developing a modified adaptive horizon recognizing algorithm. The existing projection algorithm can only deal with those horizons whose projections are the global extrema. Based on the analysis of the projection peaks, new information was found to determine the horizon and three important indicators were extracted. An adaptive algorithm was proposed to recognize the horizon by utilizing these indicators properly. With the new criteria, more than 95% of the original algorithm failures can be overcome, and they are more robust when dealing with noise-polluted images. A speeded-up method was also derived. Verified with real MAV videos, this global searching algorithm satisfies real-time requirements, and the horizon recognizing correctness ratio is more than 99.9%.
A New Geriatric Mental Health Outreach Model of Care for Residents of Long Term Care Facilities; Results of a Continuous Quality Initiative

Various models of delivery of mental health care services exist to address Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) in long term care facilities (LTCF). Outcome data on evaluation of these services is rather limited. A new model of delivery of mental health care services to address BPSD in LTCF was developed based upon results from the outcome evaluation of Comprehensive Geriatric (Medicine) Assessment Teams. The model has been labelled Contemporaneous Model. Results of a Continuous Quality Initiative on the operations of this model are being presented.
The Mental Health Effects of Retirement pdfauthor=Matteo Picchio, Jan C. van Ours

We study the retirement effects on mental health using a fuzzy regression discontinuity design based on the eligibility age to the state pension in the Netherlands. We find that the mental effects are heterogeneous by gender and marital status. Retirement of partnered men positively affects mental health of both themselves and their partners. Single men retiring experience a drop in mental health. Female retirement has hardly any effect on their own mental health or the mental health of their partners. Part of the effects seem to be driven by loneliness after retirement.
New Insights on Output Capacitance Losses in Wide-Band-Gap Transistors

The low <sc>on</sc>-resistance of wide-band-gap (WBG) transistors is a key feature for efficient power converters; however, the anomalous loss in their output capacitance (<italic>C</italic><sub>OSS</sub>) severely limits their performance at high switching frequencies. Characterizing <italic>C</italic><sub>OSS</sub> losses based on the large-signal measurement methods requires an extensive effort, as separate measurements are needed at different operation points, including voltage swing, frequency, and <italic>dv</italic>/<italic>dt</italic>. Furthermore, there is a practical tradeoff in the maximum voltage and frequency applied to the device. Here, we introduce a new circuit model, including an effective <italic>C</italic><sub>OSS</sub> and a frequency-dependent series resistance, along with a simple small-signal method to fully characterize <italic>C</italic><sub>OSS</sub> losses in WBG transistors. The method accurately predicts <italic>C</italic><sub>OSS</sub> losses at any voltage swing or frequency. Contrary to other methods, this technique directly leads to a general identification of <italic>C</italic><sub>OSS</sub> losses at different operation points, revealing new insights on <italic>C</italic><sub>OSS</sub> losses in WBG transistors, especially the dependence of <italic>E</italic><sub>DISS</sub> on voltage and frequency. Based on the proposed approach, the issue of <italic>C</italic><sub>OSS</sub> losses in enhancement-mode GaN and SiC transistors was assigned to the limited quality factor of <italic>C</italic><sub>OSS</sub>. The precise characterization of <italic>C</italic><sub>OSS</sub> losses proposed in this letter is essential for designing efficient high-frequency power converters.
Bacillomycin

Summary A strain of Bacillus subtilis has been isolated which elaborates a previously undescribed antibiotic “Bacillomycin. ” This antibiotic possesses striking antifungal activity and almost complete lack of antibacterial action. The fungus spectrum of “Bacillomycin” includes practically all of the important dermatophytes and systemic fungi. A satisfactory bioassay employing the agar cup plate technic and a spore suspension of Trichophyton mentagrophytes is described. Some physical and chemical properties of the antibiotic are given together with a simple procedure for its concentration from culture broths.
Preface

This book gives an introduction to the representation theory of finite groups and finite dimensional algebras via homological algebra. In particular, it emphasises common techniques and unifying themes between the two subjects. Until the 1990s, the representation theory of finite groups and the representation theory of finite dimensional algebras had developed quite independently of one another, with few connections between them. Then, starting at about 1990 a unifying theme was discovered in form of methods from homological algebra. In the representation theory of algebras, homological approaches had already been accepted and used for quite a long time. This was certainly a consequence of the most influential work of Auslander and Reiten who preferred this abstract approach. The techniques of triangulated categories were brought to the representation theory of algebras by Happel in [1]. However, before this time, methods from homological algebra were not yet fully accepted in the representation theory of groups. The relevance of stable categories was known, but no systematic approach was really undertaken. The situation was different for the representation theory of Lie algebras and of algebraic groups. Since that part of representation theory is very close to algebraic geometry, homological algebra methods and in particular derived categories had long been established as an important tool. The bridge from the representation theory of algebras to the representation theory of groups via homological algebra was fully established in 1989, when Rickard proved a Morita theory for derived categories and Broué pronounced his most famous abelian defect conjecture. The most appealing abelian defect conjecture uses very deep knowledge of the structure of algebras and its homological algebra. It cannot be approached by dealing only with finite groups, progress can be achieved only by taking into consideration further algebraic structures and their homological algebra. Most interestingly, the conjecture and the methods to approach it offer a bridge to questions close to algebraic topology, and is at once a very challenging field of applications for the representation theory of algebras. Now, more than two decades after the abelian defect group conjecture was stated, categories are everywhere in the representation theory of groups and homological algebra methods as well as methods from the representation theory of algebras are omnipresent. In the reverse direction, motivations and methods from the representation theory of finite groups have become central and important in the representation theory of finite dimensional algebras.
Controllability of regular systems and defective systems with repeated eigenvalues

Controllability plays a key role in the vibration control of a structure, which can keep structural stability. In order to get practical conditions of structural controllability, two necessary conditions of controllability of a repeated eigenvalues system (regular and defective system) and their proofs are given. At the same time two sufficient conditions and their proofs are also presented. Finally we give a method of selecting control force distribution matrix B and some numerical examples.
Dynamic Modeling of a Novel Microfluidic Channel Angular Accelerometer

The angular accelerometer is a versatile inertial instrument, with applications ranging from vehicle stabilization to navigation and satellite pointing. A novel angular accelerometer is proposed, which is able to improve on contemporary angular accelerometers and micro-electromechanical system gyroscopes. The sensor consists of micro-machined spiral channels, fabricated on multiple wafers and used to construct a spiral-helix fluid column that generates high pressure during angular acceleration round the sensitive axis. The two ends of the fluid column are joined at a central measurement chamber, where a diaphragm-based pressure transducer produces a signal proportional to the angular acceleration applied. This article presents the dynamics of the sensor, and then investigates its potential. A discrete multiple-degree-of-freedom model simulates pressure generation and propagation, and was verified experimentally. Channel flow is simulated by means of a model derived from Szymanski's theory of unsteady laminar flow. The pressure transducer diaphragm model is based on linear flat plate theory. The sensor theory is synthesized in a linear sensor model and the dynamic response optimized by means of the Kuhn-Tucker method. A simulation study demonstrated that a sensor with a resolution of 15μ rad/s 2 and a bandwidth of 50 Hz can be packaged with a diameter of 22 mm and a height of 22 mm, when referenced against a noise level of 1μV/√Hz.
Human-aided artificial intelligence: Or, how to run large computations in human brains? Toward a media sociology of machine learning

Today, artificial intelligence (AI), especially machine learning, is structurally dependent on human participation. Technologies such as deep learning (DL) leverage networked media infrastructures and human-machine interaction designs to harness users to provide training and verification data. The emergence of DL is therefore based on a fundamental socio-technological transformation of the relationship between humans and machines. Rather than simulating human intelligence, DL-based AIs capture human cognitive abilities, so they are hybrid human-machine apparatuses. From a perspective of media philosophy and social-theoretical critique, I differentiate five types of “media technologies of capture” in AI apparatuses and analyze them as forms of power relations between humans and machines. Finally, I argue that the current hype about AI implies a relational and distributed understanding of (human/artificial) intelligence, which I categorize under the term “cybernetic AI. ” This form of AI manifests in socio-technological apparatuses that involve new modes of subjectivation, social control, and digital labor.
Horizontal pseudo-dynamic experimental study on long-span reticulated structures with multi-dimensional earthquake isolation and mitigation devices

A multi-dimensional earthquake isolation and mitigation device for long-span reticulated structures is a type of newly invented passive control device. In order to acquire the earthquake isolation and mitigation effect of the new devices on long-span reticulated structures under horizontal excitations, the pseudo-dynamic tests for a 1:3 modeled long-span reticulated structure with a size of 3 m × 3 m with and without the devices are carried out. Horizontal dynamic responses of the structure with and without the devices are compared, and the earthquake isolation and mitigation effect of the devices is evaluated under the horizontal excitations. It can be shown from the experimental and finite element numerical results that the proposed new devices have a good effect on earthquake isolation and mitigation on long-span reticulated structures under horizontal earthquake excitations.
Analgesic

Chapman et al. (1959) and Chapman et al. (1961) perfused human skin in the region in which axon reflex vasodilatation had been induced by histamine or injury or in which vasodilatation had been produced by antidromic stimulation of cut posterior roots. The perfusate from such areas contained a substance which in many respects resembled bradykinin, but because it was not identical with bradykinin Chapman et al. (1961) suggested that it be called 'neurokinin'. If 'neurokinin' is a plasma kinin-like polypeptide it might be formed by release of a protease from the nerve terminals. However, Keele & Armstrong (1964) feel that 'neurokinin' is probably a mixture of bradykinin with histamine and perhaps other substances as well. To return to the anti-inflammatory action of aspirin. Truelove & Duthie (1959) showed that aspirin, given orally in a dose of 650 mg, inhibited the early phase oferythema, cedema and surrounding flare evoked by application of 5% thurfyl nicotinate cream to human skin, though the later phase, of erythema alone, after 2-21 hours was not affected. Adams (1963) confirmed this finding and also made the astonishing observation that a single 650 mg dose of aspirin suppressed the early response to thurfyl nicotinate for several days. In animal experiments Mr D M Brown, Head of the Medicinal Research Division of Beecham Research Laboratories, has told me that aspirin, sodium salicylate and phenylbutazone suppress the inflammatory responses induced by thurfyl nicotinate in guinea-pig skin, or by xylol in the mouse's ear. Adrenal corticosteroids did not have this action. If we accept that these types of inflammation are neurally mediated (via axon reflexes), then it may be suggested that aspirin acts by blocking neurogenic inflammation, perhaps by preventing release of the antidromic neurohumoral mediator or by antagonizing its action. This view is very speculative but it could easily be put to experimental test by repeating the studies of Jancso et al. on antidromic stimulation of the saphenous nerve before and after administration of anti-inflammatory drugs. If the known drugs are not effective it would be useful to find new drugs which would suppress neurogenic inflammation so that the importance of this component of inflammation could be assessed by some means other than surgical denervation.