Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emerging studies report that neural responses to social exclusion indeed vary as a function of attachment quality

Reunion behavior following stressful separations from caregivers is often considered the single most sensitive clue to infant attachment patterns. Extending these ideas to middle childhood/early adolescence, we examined participants’ neural responses to reunion with peers who had previously excluded them. We recorded event-related potentials among nineteen 11to 15-year-old youth previously classified on attachment interviews (11 secure and 8 insecure-dismissing) while they played a virtual ball-toss game (Cyberball) with peers that involved fair play, exclusion and reunion phases. Compared to secure participants, dismissing participants displayed a greater increment in the N2 during reunion relative to fair play, a neural marker commonly linked to expectancy violation. These data suggest a greater tendency toward continued expectations of rejection among dismissing children, even after cessation of social exclusion. In turn, the link between self-reported ostracism distress and neural signs of negative expectancy at reunion was moderated by attachment, such that self-reports were discordant with the neural index of expectancy violation for dismissing, but not for secure children. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at http://www.youtube. com/watch? v=qzoRel5c-4s.
Hurricane-mediated defoliation of kelp beds and pulsed delivery of kelp detritus to offshore sedimentary habitats

Severe storm events are important agents of disturbance that can transport large quantities of algal detritus from highly productive kelp beds (or forests) in shallow water to deeper, more food-limited areas. We measured canopy cover in shallow kelp beds (5 to 15 m depth) and the cover of detrital kelp in sedimentary habitats directly offshore of these beds (20 to 45 m) before and after Hurricane Earl, which struck the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia in September 2010. The storm resulted in large losses of kelp canopy cover (from 71.0 to 38.7%, averaged across sites) and significantly increased the cover of detrital kelp deposits below the kelp beds (from 1.5 to 3.4%). Detrital deposits were more commonly found in a semi-protected bay than off an exposed headland and persisted in the bay for at least 6 wk. Sea urchins Strongylocentrotus droe- bachiensis were associated with detrital kelp deposits in offshore habitats. At sites with the great- est amount of detrital kelp, we estimated that sea urchins could consume this material within 2 mo, indicating that storm-generated detrital pulses may be an important form of trophic connectivity between adjacent ecosystems off this coast.
jmbReview Development of a Multiplex PCR for Discrimination of the TLC : RS 1 : CTX array of Vibrio cholerae Wave 3 El Tor Strains

Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 strains have been classified into two biotypes, classical and El Tor, based on their microbiological characteristics [10]. Strains belonging to each biotype contain biotype-specific cholera toxin phage (CTX), and thus produce biotype-specific cholera toxin (CT). CTX-cla contains ctxBcla (ctxB1), whereas CTX-1 contains ctxBEl Tor (ctxB3). The two cholera toxin types are distinguished by two amino acids difference (39th and 68th position) in the binding subunit (B subunit). Classical biotype strains have been considered responsible for the first six cholera pandemics from the early 19th century [5, 10]. Although various CTX arrays were suspected in classical strains, two most studied classical biotype strains (O395 and 569B) contained a TLC (toxin linked cryptic):truncCTX-cla:CTX-cla on chromosome 1 and a solitary CTX-cla on chromosome 2 [1]. El Tor biotype strains that have caused the current 7th cholera pandemic are divided into several subgroups (Waves) by variations in the genome and the CTX phages they harbor [16]. Wave 1 strains, which had been prevalent worldwide from the beginning of the 7th cholera pandemic (early 1960s) to the 1990s, contain CTX-1 (CTXEl Tor) on chromosome 1, frequently together with a satellite phage, RS1. Generally, the Wave 1 strains do not contain any element on chromosome 2. Various CTX-1 and RS1 arrays, such as TLC:CTX-1:RS1, TLC:RS1:CTX-1:RS1, and TLC:CTX1:CTX-1:RS1, have been identified in the Wave 1 strains [7]. From the early 1990s, atypical El Tor strains that produce classical CT have emerged from the Ganges Delta area and have replaced the Wave 1 strains globally [11]. The Wave 1 strains have not been isolated, at least clinically, since the late 1990s. Atypical El Tor strains have been categorized into two main groups, Wave 2 and Wave 3 El Tor strains. Wave 2 strains typically contain a tandem repeat of CTX-2 on chromosome 2, and various arrays of CTX-1 and RS1 on chromosome 1 [13]. A genetic mechanism of the generation of Wave 2 strains from a Wave 1 strain, the acquisition of CTX-2 and gradual loss of CTX-1 and RS1, has been suggested [11, 12]. A TLC:RS1:CTX array has been identified in most Wave 3 Received: July 8, 2016 Revised: August 29, 2016 Accepted: August 30, 2016
Electronically Tunable Dual-Input Integrator Employing a Single CDBA and a Multiplier: Voltage Controlled Quadrature Oscillator Design

A new dual-input differential input active integrator using a current differencing buffered amplifier (CDBA) is proposed. A multiplier element is appropriately used in the circuit whose control voltage () tunes the integrator time constant () electronically. The design of a voltage controlled quadrature oscillator (VCQO) based on the proposed integrator had been satisfactorily implemented. A new type of measurement for the tuning error of the oscillator based on the Nyquist plot is presented that shows an error of only 2% at 1? MHz with Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) less than 3%.
Professional Australian Rules Footballers A Prospective Study of the Relationship Between Lower Body Stiffness and Hamstring Injury in

http://ajs.sagepub. com/content/38/10/2058 The online version of this article can be found at: DOI: 10.1177/0363546510370197 2010 38: 2058 originally published online July 1, 2010 Am J Sports Med Makdissi Mark L. Watsford, Aron J. Murphy, Ken A. McLachlan, Adam L. Bryant, Matt L. Cameron, Kay M. Crossley and Michael Professional Australian Rules Footballers A Prospective Study of the Relationship Between Lower Body Stiffness and Hamstring Injury in
Physical Fitness and Performance Determinants of 800m and 1500m Running Performance Using Allometric Models

INGHAM, S. A. , G. P. WHYTE, C. PEDLAR, D. M. BAILEY, N. DUNMAN, and A. M. NEVILL. Determinants of 800-m and 1500m Running Performance Using Allometric Models. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. , Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 345–350, 2008. Purpose: To identify the optimal aerobic determinants of elite, middle-distance running (MDR) performance, using proportional allometric models. Methods: Sixty-two national and international male and female 800-m and 1500-m runners undertook an incremental exercise test to volitional exhaustion. Mean submaximal running economy (ECON), speed at lactate threshold (speedLT), maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), and speed associated with V̇O2max (speedV̇O2max) were paired with best performance times recorded within 30 d. The data were analyzed using a proportional power-function ANCOVA model. Results: The analysis identified significant differences in running speeds with main effects for sex and distance, with V̇O2max and ECON as the covariate predictors (P G 0.0001). The results suggest a proportional curvilinear association between running speed and the ratio (V̇O2maxIECON ) explaining 95.9% of the variance in performance. The model was cross-validated with a further group of highly trained MDR, demonstrating strong agreement (95% limits, 0.05 T 0.29 mIs) between predicted and actual performance speeds (R 2 = 93.6%). The model indicates that for a male 1500-m runner with a V̇O2max of 3.81 LImin j1 and ECON of 15 LIkm to improve from 250 to 240 s, it would require a change in V̇O2max from 3.81 to 4.28 LImin, an increase of $0.47 LImin. However, improving by the same margin of 10 s from 225 to 215 s would require a much greater increase in V̇O2max, from 5.14 to 5.85 LImin j1 an increase of $0.71 LImin (where ECON remains constant). Conclusion: A proportional curvilinear ratio of V̇O2max divided by ECON explains 95.9% of the variance in MDR performance.
Related Lending : Evidence of Tunnelling and Propping in China

This study uses a comprehensive sample of listed firms in China from 2001 to 2004 to provide evidence of tunnelling and propping via related lending. My evidence shows that controlling owners engage in tunnelling and propping through related lending, although tunnelling dwarfs propping in terms of number and magnitude. State ownership and pyramidal structure increase the level of tunnelling lending, while the presence of large non-controlling shareholder reduces it. More cash held by firms leads to more tunnelling by controlling owners. High debt ratio contributes to tunnelling lending instead of deterring it. Related lending has different performance and valuation outcomes. While tunnelling lending adversely affect firms’ operational performance and market valuation, propping lending shows a positive effect on market valuation although not on profitability. JEL classification: G32, G34
Volumetric ( Up-) Convolutions Cropping Encoder Color Depth

Recently, Convolutional Neural Networks have shown promising results for 3D geometry prediction. They can make predictions from very little input data such as a single color image. A major limitation of such approaches is that they only predict a coarse resolution voxel grid, which does not capture the surface of the objects well. We propose a general framework, called hierarchical surface prediction (HSP), which facilitates prediction of high resolution voxel grids. The main insight is that it is sufficient to predict high resolution voxels around the predicted surfaces. The exterior and interior of the objects can be represented with coarse resolution voxels. Our approach is not dependent on a specific input type. We show results for geometry prediction from color images, depth images and shape completion from partial voxel grids. Our analysis shows that our high resolution predictions are more accurate than low resolution predictions.
Analyzing the Taylor Rule with Wavelet Lenses

This paper analyses the Taylor Rule in the U.S. 1960-2014 with new lenses: continuous time partial wavelets tools. We assess the co-movement between the policy interest rate and the macroeconomic variables in the Rule, inflation and the output gap, both jointly and independently, for each frequency and at each moment of time. Our results uncover some new stylized facts about U.S. monetary policy and add new insights to the record of U.S. monetary history since the early 1960s. Among other things we conclude that monetary policy has been successful in stabilizing inflation. However, its effectiveness varies both in time and frequencies. Monetary policy has lagged the output gap across most of the sample, but in recent times became more reactive. Volcker’s disinflation, and the conquest of credibility in 1979-1986, was achieved with no extra costs in terms of output.
validity The oxygen uptake efficiency slope in children with congenital heart disease : construct and group

Objective: The oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) has been proposed as an independent and objective alternative to the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), which does not require maximal exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate the construct and group validity of the OUES in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Methods: Thirty-one patients with CHD, of which 16 patients (mean age SD 11.2 2.7 years) with a Fontan repair and 15 patients (mean age SD 13.2 3.6 years) with surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) completed a symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise test. The OUES was calculated and normalized for body surface area at three different exercise intensities: (1) using 100% of the exercise data; (2) using the first 75% of the exercise data; and (3) using exercise data up to the ventilatory threshold (VT). Furthermore, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), VT, ventilatory efficiency (VE/VO2-slope), and ventilatory drive (VE/VCO2-slope) were calculated and compared with values of 46 healthy children (mean age SD 12.2 2.4 years). Results: In all three groups, the OUES values determined at the three different exercise intensities were not significantly different from each other. Moreover, the OUES was significantly reduced in the children with CHD, with significantly lower values in the Fontan patients compared to ToF. Strong correlations were found between the OUES and both the VO2peak and VT in Fontan and ToF patients. Discussion: The OUES provides a valid measure of cardiopulmonary fitness in children with CHD, which is independent of exercise intensity and strongly correlated with VO2peak and VT (construct validity). Furthermore, the OUES is capable of differentiating between healthy children and children with CHD and between Fontan and ToF patients (group validity). Therefore, the OUES may be a valid, effort-independent parameter of cardiopulmonary fitness in children with CHD.
Proteomics-based study of host-fungus interaction between soybean and Phakopsora pachyrhizi using recombinant inbred line (RIL) derived sister lines

xi CHAPTER 1: REVIEW OF LITERATURE . 1 CHAPTER 2: PROTEOMICS BASED STUDY OF SOYBEAN AND PHAKOPSORA PACHYRHIZI INTERACTION USING RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES . 13 2.
Mühlemann nonsense-mediated mRNA decay Processing bodies are not required for mammalian

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a eukaryotic quality-control mechanism that recognizes and degrades mRNAs with premature termination codons (PTCs). In yeast, PTC-containing mRNAs are targeted to processing bodies (P-bodies), and yeast strains expressing an ATPase defective Upf1p mutant accumulate P-bodies. Here we show that in human cells, an ATPasedeficient UPF1 mutant and a fraction of UPF2 and UPF3b accumulate in cytoplasmic foci that co-localize with P-bodies. Depletion of the P-body component Ge-1, which prevents formation of microscopically detectable P-bodies, also impairs the localization of mutant UPF1, UPF2, and UPF3b in cytoplasmic foci. However, the accumulation of the ATPase-deficient UPF1 mutant in P-bodies is independent of UPF2, UPF3b, or SMG1, and the ATPase-deficient UPF1 mutant can localize into the P-bodies independent of its phosphorylation status. Most importantly, disruption of P-bodies by depletion of Ge-1 affects neither the mRNA levels of PTC-containing reporter genes nor endogenous NMD substrates. Consistent with the recently reported decapping-independent SMG6-mediated endonucleolytic decay of human nonsense mRNAs, our results imply that microscopically detectable P-bodies are not required for mammalian NMD.
An Interactive Approach for Operation Evaluation: Temporal Planning as a Basis

How to evaluate an operator (or its operations) reasonably is a very important and practical issue. However, many evaluation methods may work as a kind of post-hoc analysis and lack of interaction with the operator. In this paper, we proposed an interactive online evaluation approach that is based on automated temporal planning (TP). TP computes and keeps a set of the optimal plans. During the decision making process, the operator’s operations are compared with those plans. Our approach can also predicate the long-term result of operator’s operations, and provide appropriate suggestions. We developed a set of quantitative measures that are used to evaluate both the decisions made and the information gathering process. Applications of the approach were shown to be helpful for improving operator’s decisions.
Ethnicity and Cancer Predisposition Haiman and Stram 331 A genetic contribution to cancer risk across populations

Incidence rates for many cancers differ markedly by race/ ethnicity and furthering our understanding of the genetic and environmental causes of such disparities is a scientific and public health need. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are widely acknowledged to provide important information about the etiology of common cancers. To date, these studies have been primarily conducted in European-derived populations. There are important reasons for extending the reach of GWAS studies to other groups and for conducting multiethnic genetic studies involving multiple populations and admixed populations. These include a (1) need to discover the full scope of variants that affect risk of disease in all populations, (2) furthering the understanding of disease pathways, and (3) to assist in fine-mapping of genetic associations by exploiting the differences in linkage disequilibrium between populations to narrow the range of marker alleles demarking regions that contain a true biologically relevant variant. Challenges to multiethnic studies relating to study power, control for hidden population structure, imputation, and use of shared controls for multiple cancer endpoints are discussed.
animal cardiac imaging The retrobulbar sinus is superior to the lateral tail vein for the injection of contrast media in small

Cardiac perfusion studies using computed tomography are a common tool in clinical practice. Recent technical advances and the availability of dedicated small animal scanners allow the transfer of these techniques to the preclinical sector in general and to mouse models of cardiac diseases in particular. This necessitates new requirements for contrast injection techniques as a rapid transport of contrast media from the intravenous access to the animal heart. Clinical contrast agents containing high iodine concentrations are used within small animal studies although they exhibit a high viscosity which might limit their transport within the vasculature. The authors provide a comparison of the transport of contrast media following an injection into the lateral tail vein and an injection into the retrobulbar sinus and discuss the anatomy involved. The temporal evolution of a contrast bolus and its in vivo distribution is visualized. It is demonstrated that injecting contrast agents into the lateral tail vein of mice results in a retrograde blood flow to the liver veins and therefore does not deliver a detectable contrast bolus to the heart, and thus it cannot be used for cardiac perfusion studies. By contrast, boli injected into the retrobulbar sinus are rapidly transported to the heart and provide ventricular contrast enabling perfusion studies similar to those in human patients. The results demonstrate that an injection into the retrobulbar sinus is superior to an injection into the lateral tail vein for the delivery of contrast boli to the animal heart, while all drawbacks of an injection into the lateral tail vein are overcome.
Two stage process of microalgae cultivation for starch and carotenoid production

Biotechnological processes based on microalgae cultivation are promising for several industrial applications. Microalgae are photoautotrophic microorganisms and can thus grow by using renewable and inexpensive resources as sunlight, inorganic salts, water and CO2. They can store high amounts of neutral lipids (bioil), carbohydrates (mainly starch), carotenoids (such as lutein, astaxanthin, β-carotene), proteins and other molecules. Productions of lipids and carbohydrates have recently received an increasing interest for biofuel production, while proteins, carotenoids and other minor products are usable as feed additives and nutraceutical compounds. Biofuel production from microalgae is not yet economically sustainable, while there are different industrial plants in the world for the production of high values chemicals as carotenoids. Starch production from microalgae has been investigated mainly for the production of biofuels (e.g. bioethanol) by successive fermentation. However, purified starch can be used for other aims such as the production of bioplastics. Superior plants as corn, potato and wheat are currently used for this purpose. However, there are different environmental and economic issues related to the use of fertile lands and edible plants for these kinds of productions. Microalgae can solve these social and ethical issues because they can grow on nonfertile lands and also reach starch productivity per hectare higher than plants. In this work, the production of starch and carotenoids from Scenedesmus sp. microalgal strain is reported. A two-stage process has been developed in order to reduce operative and investment costs. In the first stage, microalgae are cultivated in photoautotrophic conditions and then, when biomass concentration rises and light becomes a limiting factor for growth, microalgae are transferred to a heterotrophic reactor. In this reactor, microalgae are cultivated by using wastewaters as source of nutrients (mainly organic carbon). Microalgae use organic carbon to synthesize starch and simultaneously reduce the content of pollutants in the wastewater (codepuration). Biomass separated by the culture medium is treated for the extraction of lipids containing different antioxidant carotenoids (such as astaxanthin and lutein) and starch granules as raw material for biopolymers.
REVIEW Cores of Reproducibility in Physiology Measurement of the maximum oxygen uptake V˙ O 2max : V˙ O 2peak is no longer acceptable

Measurement of the maximum oxygen V˙ : V˙ O 2peak is no longer acceptable. J Physiol 122: 997–1002, 2017. maximum rate of O 2 uptake (i.e., V˙ O 2max ), as measured during large muscle mass exercise such as cycling or running, is widely considered to be the gold standard measurement of integrated cardiopulmonary-muscle oxidative function. The devel- opment of rapid-response gas analyzers, enabling measurement of breath-by-breath pulmonary gas exchange, has facilitated replacement of the discontinuous progres- sive maximal exercise test (that produced an unambiguous V˙ O 2 -work rate plateau deﬁnitive for V˙ O 2max ) with the rapidly incremented or ramp testing protocol. Although this is more suitable for clinical and experimental investigations and enables measurement of the gas exchange threshold, exercise efﬁciency, and V˙ O 2 kinetics, a V˙ O 2 -work rate plateau is not an obligatory outcome. This shortcoming has led to investigators resorting to so-called secondary criteria such as respiratory exchange ratio, maximal heart rate, and/or maximal blood lactate concentration, the acceptable values of which may be selected arbitrarily and result in grossly inaccurate V˙ O 2max estimation. Whereas this may not be an overriding concern in young, healthy subjects with experience of performing exercise to volitional exhaustion, exercise test naïve subjects, patient populations, and less motivated subjects may stop exercising before their V˙ O 2max is reached. When V˙ O 2max is a or the criterion outcome of the investigation, this represents a major experimental design issue. This CORP presents the rationale for incorporation of a second, constant work rate test performed at ~110% of the work rate achieved on the initial ramp test to resolve the classic V˙ O 2 -work rate plateau that is the unambiguous validation of V˙ O 2max . The broad utility of this procedure has been established for children, adults of varying ﬁtness, obese individuals, and patient populations. recommendation was based on resolution of gas exchange threshold detection rather than achievement of V˙ O 2max per se, for which durations between 5 and 26 min, depending in part on whether cycling or running is used, are effective (30). Subject A portrays the V˙ O 2 -work rate plateau deﬁnitive for V˙ O 2max . However, responses seen in subjects B and C are other outcomes of this testing protocol and may demand a subsequent valida- tion test to provide assurance that V˙ O 2max was achieved.