Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bioactivation and Toxicity of Two Anthraquinones in V79 Chinese Hamster Cells

The role of the flavoprotein NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase, NADH-dehydrogenase and DT-diaphorase in the biotransformation of the anthraquinones rhein and danthron was investigated using purified enzymes, subcellular fractions and cell cultures. The results demonstrated that rhein was more able than danthron to produce O2 by P450 reductase, NADH-dehydrogenase and V79 homogenate and microsomes, and this may explain its higher toxicity to V79 cells. In addition, unlike other quinones, DT-diaphorase appeared not to play a detoxication role in rhein and danthron biotransformation. On the contrary, by inhibiting DT-diaphorase with dicoumarol, the rhein- and danthron-derived cytotoxicity in V79 cells was reduced. This finding suggests that, for these quinones, other coumarol-sensitive biotransformation routes are operative in V79 cells.
Laboratory germination and seed bank storage of Ranunculus peltatus subsp. baudotii seeds from the Tuscan Archipelago

Germination requirements and suitability for ex situ conservation were investigated for seeds from the only population of Ranunculus peltatus Schrank subsp. baudotii (Godron) Meikle ex C.D. K. Cook (Ranunculaceae) from the Tuscan Archipelago (Italy). A 2 × 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the interactive effects of light, alternating temperatures and mean temperature on the germination of seeds sown on agar. Logistic regression analysis showed significant effects of both temperature (P < 0.0001) and light (P < 0.05). Alternating temperatures improved germination but only at mean temperatures of 20 and 15°C. The results indicate that seeds of R. baudotii exhibit morphological dormancy and a phenological adaptation to seasonal ponds. Drying led to a significant reduction in germination in seeds collected in both 2009 and 2010 (P < 0.05); the reduction was larger for 2009. The better quality of the 2010 seed was probably due to a post-harvest treatment that enabled continued maturation of the seeds. Storage of seeds for one year under seed bank conditions (-20°C) did not reduce viability. Seeds of R. baudotii possess orthodox storage behaviour and are therefore suited to ex situ conservation in seed banks; however, further research is needed to confirm their long term storage prospects.
Dynamics of Detritus in a Small Stream in Southern Sweden and Its Influence on the Distribution of the Bottom Animal Communities

Transport and availability of various size fractions of organic material along with bottom structure and benthic invertebrates, grouped with respect to feeding types, were examined along an 8 km long stream in southern Sweden. Transport of coarse particulate organic material (CPOM) was insignificant, while considerable amounts of fine particulate (FPOM) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) were carried downstream. DOM showed little variation and was constantly 2-3 times the energy of suspended FPOM. Export of DOM was 5 times as high as that of FPOM, total organic output being twice as high as leaf input. On a stony bottom shredders and scrapers dominated, whereas scrapers, deposit feeders and filter feeders were abundant where sedimentation was heavy. Downstream the section with most extensive sedimentation all categories including predators were well represented.
Novel blooms of the diatom Asteroplanus karianus deplete nutrients from Ariake Sea coastal waters

In the Ariake Sea, Japan, the pennate diatom Asteroplanus karianus has formed massive blooms each winter since 2008. During the peak of the bloom, seaweeds of the genus Pyropia, which are cultivated to make nori products, are discolored due to nutrient deficiency. We investigated the nutrient dynamics associated with A. karianus blooms in the Ariake Sea and measured the uptake of nitrate and phosphate by an axenic strain of A. karianus. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen and dissolved inorganic phosphorus in the coastal waters were significantly lower in areas where A. karianus cells were proliferating (r ≤ −0.955, p < 0.01), and these nutrients were severely depleted during the period of blooming. In the laboratory, the maximum uptake rate and half-saturation constant of A. karianus cultures were 27.3 fmol N cell−1 h−1 and 7.44 μmol N l−1, respectively, for nitrate and 22.6 fmol P cell−1 h−1 and 3.61 μmol P l−1, respectively, for phosphate. This study demonstrates that A. karianus blooms significantly deplete nutrients in the water column. The winter blooms presumably deplete dissolved inorganic nitrogen and dissolved inorganic phosphorus from the water column and may indirectly cause Pyropia nutrient deficiency.
An International Reference Chemical Data Bank would Accelerate the Development, Validation and Regulatory Acceptance of Alternative Toxicology Tests

Toxicologists involved in safety evaluation have a primary responsibility for ensuring that their results are the best possible for predicting human health effects. Currently, the scientific and regulatory consensus is that animal-based studies provide the best possible evidence. Thus, toxicologists are faced with ethical questions about the use of animals for experimental research. In vitro tests which equal or supersede animal studies, in terms of provision of data for human health assessment, are thus a high priority for toxicologists. There is no shortage of ideas for alternative methods and this emphasises the importance of adequate validation. One critical component of validation studies is the selection, evaluation and provision of appropriate chemicals for assessing the performance of alternative tests. Problems are encountered with poor published toxicology data, the difficulty of ensuring the selection of chemicals to represent a sufficiently wide range of chemical classes, disagreement as to the toxicological classification of chemicals and many other issues in the selection and supply of validation chemicals. Validation studies will be much easier to carry out and will be better received by those involved in human hazard assessment if this aspect of the studies is well planned and controlled. It is proposed, therefore, that an international reference collection of chemicals is assembled which is carefully selected for validation of specific toxicological endpoints, carefully reviewed and classified as to toxicity and made available to research workers interested in validating alternative methods. Additionally, the usefulness of the database could be enhanced if the results of validation studies were to be recorded in a central repository.
TWO VERNAL GROUND-SURFACE ARACHNID POPULATIONS IN TULAROSA BASIN., NEW MEXICO"2

Two distinctly different ground-surface arachnid populations were inadvertently discovered in the Tularosa Basin of New Mexico by the operation of alcohol-glycol charged can traps from June through August of 1972. A population just south of Alamogordo, N.M. was dominated by a web-building spider, Psilo- chorus imitatus Gertsch and Mulaik, supported by 11 relatively common spiders and a common solpugid. A much smaller population within White Sands National Monument was dominated by three prevalent spiders, Callilepis n. sp. , Lycosa coloradensis Banks, and P. imitatus in that order of abundance, supported by five relatively common spiders and a common scorpion. This investigation of ground-surface arachnids in the Tularosa Basin of New Mexico was originally designed as a short term study of possible effects of natural gypsum, calcium sulfate, deposits in White Sands National Monument on coloration of solpugids occurring within the basin. The solpugid specimens collected indicated no coloration effects, but family, generic and specific makeup of the two sampled ground-surface arachnid populations were significantly dif- ferent and are considered worthy of record here. So far as I have been able to determine, only three previous publica- tions have dealt with comparative ground-surface spider populations in either adjacent or nearby plant associations or ecosystems. All three of these studies, Duffey (1962), Whitcomb, et al. (1963) and Muma (1973), were conducted in high rainfall areas. The following vernal
A Predictive-Coding Network That Is Both Discriminative and Generative

Predictive coding (PC) networks are a biologically interesting class of neural networks. Their layered hierarchy mimics the reciprocal connectivity pattern observed in the mammalian cortex, and they can be trained using local learning rules that approximate backpropagation (Bogacz, 2017). However, despite having feedback connections that enable information to flow down the network hierarchy, discriminative PC networks are not typically generative. Clamping the output class and running the network to equilibrium yields an input sample that usually does not resemble the training input. This letter studies this phenomenon and proposes a simple solution that promotes the generation of input samples that resemble the training inputs. Simple decay, a technique already in wide use in neural networks, pushes the PC network toward a unique minimum two-norm solution, and that unique solution provably (for linear networks) matches the training inputs. The method also vastly improves the samples generated for nonlinear networks, as we demonstrate on MNIST.
Pup Directed Vocalizations of Adult Females and Males in a Vocal Learning Bat

Social feedback plays an important role in human language development and in the vocal ontogeny of non-human animals. A special form of vocal feedback in humans, infant-directed speech – or motherese – facilitates language learning and is socially beneficial by increasing attention and arousal in the child. It is characterized by high pitch, expanded intonation contours and slower speech tempo. Furthermore, the vocal timbre (i.e., “color” of voice) of motherese differs from the timbre of adult-directed speech. In animals, pup-directed vocalizations are very common, especially in females. But so far there is hardly any research on whether there is a similar phenomenon as motherese in animal vocalizations. The greater sac-winged bat, Saccopteryx bilineata, is a vocal production learner with a large vocal repertoire that is acquired during ontogeny. We compared acoustic features between female pup-directed and adult-directed vocalizations and demonstrated that they differed in timbre and peak frequency. Furthermore, we described pup-directed vocalizations of adult males. During the ontogenetic period when pups’ isolation calls (ICs) (used to solicit maternal care) are converging toward each other to form a group signature, adult males also produce ICs. Pups’ ICs are acoustically more similar to those of males from the same social group than to other males. In conclusion, our novel findings indicate that parent-offspring communication in bats is more complex and multifaceted than previously thought, with female pup-directed vocalizations reminiscent of human motherese and male pup-directed vocalizations that may facilitate the transmission of a vocal signature across generations.
Unexpected reproductive fidelity in a polygynous frog

Single-male polygyny with reproductive fidelity is documented across animals, but it was not fully demonstrated for any amphibian. Polygynous mating systems with group fidelity are a common animal organization, typically consisting of multiple females in a mated group with a single male for an extended period (sometimes referred to as harem polygyny). Single-male polygyny with reproductive fidelity occurs in invertebrates, bony fishes, and some tetrapods, such as lizards, mammals, and birds. In amphibians, reproductive fidelity in polygynous groups is not fully demonstrated. Combining data on larval development, molecular paternity assignment, and in situ behavioral observations, we reveal high fidelity during a prolonged breeding season in a Neotropical polygynous frog. Males dominate scarce breeding sites, guarding offspring, and mating exclusively with multiple females that exhibit dominance rank. This system likely evolved in response to intense competition for breeding sites and intrasexual competition for mates.
Influence of CO2-induced seawater acidification on the development and lifetime reproduction of Tigriopus japonicus Mori, 1938

Ocean acidification is changing the carbonate system of the world’s oceans and has been driving all marine organisms to live in increasingly acidic environments. Tigriopus japonicus is an ideal standard test animal in sea water. In the present study, we investigated the influence of carbon dioxide (CO2)-induced seawater acidification on the development and lifetime reproduction of T. japonicus to accumulate basic data for assessing the potential impact of ocean acidification. The harpacticoid copepods were exposed in seawater equilibrated with CO2 and air to reach pH 8.0 (control), 7.7 (the predicted ocean pH by 2100), 7.3 (the predicted ocean pH by 2300) and 6.5 (an extreme condition relevant to industrial acid waste discharge or leakage from CO2 seabed storage). Survival was found to be unaffected following the 56 day exposure period. Significant retardation of development rates of the nauplius stage was observed at pH 6.5, while the development time of the copepodite stage was unaffected. Acidification did not affect the number of broods but it significantly reduced the hatching success of egg sacs at pH 6.5. Total production of nauplii over the lifetime of female copepods was significantly reduced at pH 7.3. Over successive broods, nauplius production was significantly affected by exposure time, pH and their interaction. Shedding of unhatched egg sacs by females mainly occurred in the late breeding stage at pH 7.3 and 6.5. Our results indicated that T. japonicus adults are tolerant to the ocean acidification conditions predicted for the year 2100, but the early development and reproductive capacity of females could be impaired by long-term exposure to more severe acidification conditions (pH 7.3 and 6.5). More long-term studies on a wider range of copepod species from different taxa and different marine habitats are urgently required to predict the fate of marine copepod communities in future oceans.
MEMS Gyroscopes Development and Application Overview on Intelligent Vehicles

With the development of automobile intelligence and automatic driving, the measurement of vehicle motion angular velocity is not only of great significance for improving the active safety, intelligent control and comfort of automobiles, but also an indispensable reference for the control of automatic or unmanned automobiles. Firstly, aiming at the requirements of chassis safety control, navigation control, lane keeping, passive safety and other automotive electronic control systems for angular velocity measurement in Intelligent vehicles, this paper studies, analyzes and compares the characteristics and application status of various micro-electromechanical gyroscopes, and the principle and performance of micro-electromechanical gyroscopes, including micro-vibration gyroscopes, fluid gyroscopes, solid micro-gyroscopes, suspended rotor micro-gyroscopes, optical micro-gyroscopes, atomic gyroscopes. This paper holds that micro-vibration gyroscopes, fluid gyroscopes, solid micro-gyroscopes and electrostatic suspension rotor micro-gyroscopes are most likely to be used in automobile systems in the short term, while atomic gyroscopes have good research prospects.
Car Detection in Roadside Parking for Smart Parking System Based on Image Processing

This study aims to detect vehicles that are on the side of the parking lot so that it can be used as a smart parking system for parking management and find out information on the availability of parking spaces. In this study, the authors used the Haar Cascade Classifier, and YOLOv3 then compared them to get the best accuracy in detecting parked cars. The test was carried out using ten different scenarios, the highest accuracy obtained in this study was 96.88% using YOLOv3 with a probability of 90%. In contrast, the accuracy obtained by using the Haar Cascade Classifier is 63.34%.
Step-By-Step Coordination Control of Multiple Robot Fish Based on Discrete Integral Terminal Sliding Mode

In this paper, the discrete time dynamics model of robotic fish is established by using data-assisted method, and a step-by-step coordination control strategy for two robotic fishes is investigated based on the model. Two steps are included in the control strategy, where the attitude is first adjusted to align the position of follower with the leader, and then, follows the position control to ensure the distance toward the leader. Furthermore, for achieving the fast convergence rate and robust position tracking performance, a discrete time integral terminal sliding mode controller is designed. The simulation results are demonstrated to verify the effectiveness and the excellent performance of the proposed control strategy.
Research on Indoor Positioning Technology Based on UWB

In this paper, the indoor positioning technology based on UWB is studied. The anchor is embedded with POE technology, realizing the integration of long-term stable power supply and data communication. A variety of positioning algorithms are compared and analyzed, including Trilateration algorithm, Fang algorithm, Chan algorithm in the case of 3 anchors and Taylor algorithm, Chan algorithm in the case of multiple anchors. Considering various factors, Taylor algorithm in the case of 4 anchors is finally selected as the core positioning algorithm. The moving average preprocessing of the original ranging data is carried out to reduce the random error. The function of one-key ranging fitting compensation based on least square method is developed, which can reduce the system error and improve the adaptability to different indoor environment. The result of Trilateration algorithm with the lowest complexity is taken as the initial iterative value of Taylor algorithm, which effectively shorten the time of positioning operation. Kalman filter is used to process the positioning results, which greatly improves the positioning stability and dynamic tracking performance. In the laboratory environment, the positioning accuracy of UWB indoor positioning system in this paper can reach ±10cm.
Aerial Image Segmentation In Urban Environment For Vegetation Monitoring

Urban forests are crucial for the population well-being and improvement of the quality of life. For example, they contribute to the rain damping and to the improvement of the local climate. Therefore a correct and accurate mapping of this resource is fundamental for its correct management. We investigated a method that combines machine learning and SLIC superpixel techniques using different Superpixels (k) number to map trees in the metropolitan region of the municipality of Campo Grande-MS, Brazil with aerial orthoimages with GSD (Ground Sample Distance) of 10 cm. The combination of superpixels and machine learning algorithms were checked out with a set of weka classifiers and achieved good results i.e. F-1 %98.2, MCC %88.4 and Accuracy of % 96.8, supporting that this method is efficient when used for urban trees mapping.
SINE: Second-Order Information Network Embedding

As an important data type, the demand of network analysis and learning is increasingly prominent. A key problem of network analysis is to study how to reasonably represent the feature information in the network, that is network embedding. However, in the study of network embedding, only the first-order proximity relationship of nodes is characterized, while the second-order proximity relationship hidden in the network nodes is ignored. Therefore, we propose an algorithm, called SINE, to realize the representation learning of nodes in the network which fuses the first-order and second-order proximity of nodes in the original network. Through applying SINE to three real networks, we obtain the feature representation of the nodes in the networks and cluster the nodes based on these features. Comparing with the existing network embedding learning methods—Node2vec, Large-Scale Information Network Embedding (LINE) and Structural Deep Network Embedding (SDNE), the SINE algorithm showed better performance in clustering tasks.
Implementation and Evaluation of Attitude Heading and Reference System Based on MEMS

This paper presents a design scheme, detailed implementation and evaluation of attitude and heading reference system (AHRS) which consists of low cost MEMS sensors, magnetometers and related data fusion algorithms, considerations for the selection of attitude estimation were presented, the simulation and experimental test were performed to assess the structure of algorithms, computational burden and convergence from the engineering view of point.
Observer-based memory state feedback control for switched fuzzy systems

For switched fuzzy systems with time-varying delays, this paper designs the observers to estimate unmeasured state variables in the system when the state of the system is unmeasurable, and designs the memory state feedback controller which introduce the past information of the system state to eliminate the influence of time delay on the system. Based on the definition of Lyapunov stability, a sufficient condition of asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system under a given switching law is obtained, then convert it into a linear matrix inequality form that MATLAB can solve, and obtain the condition that meet the observer gain and the controller gain. Finally, the state curve and control curve of memory state feedback control are given by simulink, which verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
The Performance of Q-Learning within SDN Controlled Static and Dynamic Mesh Networks

Current infrastructures are reaching the point where existing networking methods are unable to cope with the exponential growth of traffic and Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. New techniques are necessary to keep pace. One such technique, Software-Defined Networking (SDN) uses a central controller to program many individual network devices. However, SDN uses heuristic algorithms that do not always select the optimal path. This paper looked at creating three Q-Routing algorithms leveraging SDN and Mesh network topologies. Two algorithms used one network metric each (Latency and Bandwidth) and the third used multiple metrics. Results showed that the single metric Q-Routing algorithms on average performed as well as the K-Shortest Path versions while Q-Routing with multiple network metrics failed to match K-Shortest Path (different combination of metrics means these algorithms are not comparable). Results also showed that Q-Routing was able to calculate paths faster than K-Shortest Path in both static and dynamic networks.
Composite Single-Loop Model Predictive Control Design for PMSM Servo System Speed Regulation Based on Disturbance Observer

In order to optimize the control performance of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in the presence of strong disturbances and model uncertainty, a composite single-loop model predictive control (MPC) based on disturbance observer (DOB) is studied in this paper. Firstly, a DOB is employed to estimate the lumped disturbance including the uncertain parameters and the external disturbance in real time. Afterwards, benefitting from model-based design, estimations are introduced into the prediction model of the PMSM, then a composite single-loop MPC is designed based on this model. Finally, the optimal control input is obtained, by introducing Lagrange vector and solving the quadratic programming problem with constraints. Simulation results show that the proposed composite control method has a faster transient response and a better disturbance rejection ability. In addition, compared with the generally cascade structure, only the predictive horizon and the observer poles are needed to be adjusted, so it provides a more practical optimization algorithm for the engineering application.