Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of HCOOH, CH3OH, CO, HCN, and C2H6 in Wildfire Plumes Transported Over Toronto Using Ground‐Based FTIR Measurements From 2002–2018

The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer at the University of Toronto Atmospheric Observatory has been operational since 2002, collecting solar absorption spectra from which atmospheric trace gas profiles and columns are retrieved. The time series of total columns of CH3OH and HCOOH over Toronto are presented here for the first time, along with those for CO, HCN, and C2H6. Transport of wildfire plumes over the site results in enhanced columns of biomass burning species. Here we report the detection of biomass burning enhancement events between 2002 and 2018. Several simultaneous enhancements of CO, HCN, and C2H6 were observed, and the measured columns were used to derive emission ratios and emission factors for HCN and C2H6 for fire events in 2012, 2015, and 2017. From these events, which included plumes from both boreal and temperate forest fires, emission ratios with respect to CO were derived using CO lifetimes of 30 and 61 days. HCN emission ratios range between 0.0037 ± 0.0003 and 0.0057 ± 0.0008, while C2H6 emission ratios vary from 0.00122 ± 0.0015 to 0.019 ± 0.001. Enhanced columns of CH3OH and HCOOH were also observed during the 2015 and 2017 events, and emission ratios were derived but have greater uncertainties due to shorter lifetimes and other sources for these gases. The FLEXPART, HYSPLIT, and GEOS‐Chem models were used for source attribution and traveltime estimation. GEOS‐Chem was run in the tagged CO simulation mode and successfully captured the CO enhancements from fires for the 2015 and 2017 events.
A Method Based on NLP for Twitter Spam Detection

Social networking applications such as Twitter have increasingly gained significance in terms of socio-economic, political, and religious as well as entertainment sectors. This in turn, has witnessed a wide gamut of information explosion in the social networking realm that can tend to be both useful as well as misleading at the same point of time. Spam detection is one such solution that caters to this problem through identification of irrelevant users and their data. However, existing research has so far laid primary focus on user profile information through activity detection and relevant techniques that may underperform when these profiles exhibit characteristics of temporal dependency, poor reflection of generated content from the user profile, etc. This is the primary motivation for this paper that addresses the aforementioned problem of user profiles by focusing on both profile information and content-based spam detection. To this end, this work delivers three significant contributions. Firstly, exhaustive use of Natural language processing (NLP) techniques has been rendered towards creation of a new comprehensive dataset with a wide range of content-based features. Secondly, this dataset has been fed into a customized state-of-art hybrid machine learning model that has been exclusively built using a combination of both machine learning and deep learning techniques. Extensive simulation based analysis not only records over 98% accuracy but also establishes the practical applicability of this proposal by proving that modeling based on the mixed profile and content-generated data is more capable of spam detection in contrast to each of these standalone approaches. Finally, a novel methodology based on logistic regression is proposed and supported by analytical formulations. This paves the way for the custom-built dataset to be analyzed and corresponding probabilities to be obtained that differentiate legitimate users from spammers. The obtained mathematical outcome can henceforth be used for future prediction of user categories through appropriate parameter tuning for any given dataset. This makes our method a truly generic one capable of identifying and classifying different user categories.
TISSUE SPARING TECHNIQUE IN LIVER HYDATID DISEASES: THREE-WAY TECHNIQUE VERSUS HYDATID CONE TECHNIQUE

Echinococcosis (known as hydatid disease or hydatidosis) is a serious, sometimes fatal, zoonoticdisease caused by Echinococcus two species. E. granulosus, causes worldwide cystic echinococcosis(hydatidosis) maintained in domestic transmission cycle involving dogs and livestockmainly sheep, and E. multilocularis, causes alveolar echinoccososis endemic in the northern hemispherein wild transmission cycle involving dogs and wild carnivores and rodents. Intermediatehosts including man are infected by ingestion of eggs dropped from dog with food, fluidor fingers, or by crawling insects from site of fecal deposition. Eggs hatch in gut into invasiveoncospheres, which penetrate intestinal mucosa, enter venous and lymphatic pathways. Theseoncospheres according to species developed into unilocular or classical hydatid disease or cysticechinococcosis, with few years’ incubation period or infiltration into alveolar or multilocularechinoccososis with 10-30 years incubation period. The clinical pictures of E. granulosus wereusually from asymptomatic to fatal. But, alveolar echinoccososis particularly in the liver becomesmetastatic and is frequently fatal. Chemotherapies (albendazole, mebendazole or praziquantil)may be of value prior to surgery or in inoperable cases, but alveolar cysts may require bothsurgery and prolonged chemotherapeutic treatment.Liver surgery has gone through the phases of wedge liver resection, regular resection of heapticlobes, irregular and local resection, extracorporeal hepatectomy, hemi-extracorporeal hepatectomyand others. Taking the modern technologies advantage, the liver surgery is stepping intoan age of precise liver resection.
Space-time disease mapping by combining Bayesian maximum entropy and Kalman filter: the BME-Kalman approach

ABSTRACT In this work, a synthesis of the Bayesian maximum entropy (BME) and the Kalman filter (KF) methods, which enhances their individual strengths and overcomes certain of their weaknesses for spatiotemporal mapping purposes, is proposed in a spatiotemporal disease mapping context. The proposed BME-Kalman synthesis allows BME to use information from both parametric regression modeling and KF estimation leading to enhanced knowledge bases. The BME-Kalman synthetic approach is used to study the space-time incidence mapping of the hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Shandong province (China) during the period May 1st, 2008 to March 19th, 2009. The results showed that the BME-Kalman approach exhibited very good regressive and predictive accuracies, maintained a very good performance even during low-incidence and extremely low-incidence periods, offered an improved description of hierarchical disease characteristics compared to traditional mapping techniques, and provided a clear explanation of the spatial stratified incidence heterogeneity at unsampled locations. The BME-Kalman approach is versatile and flexible so that it can be modified and adjusted according to the needs of the application.
Physicochemical Composition Variability and Hydraulic Conditions in a Geothermal Borehole—The Latest Study in Podhale Basin, Poland

In deep geothermal boreholes, an effect of temperature (so-called thermal lift) is observed, which results in the volumetric expansion of the fluid extracted. This process results in increased wellhead pressure values being recorded; in the absence of an appropriate correction, hydraulic properties of the reservoir layer cannot be properly determined. As an example of this effect, the Chochołów PIG-1 (CH PIG-1) geothermal borehole situated in Podhale Basin in Poland was used. Hydrodynamic tests including two pumping phases were carried out in the well in order to establish the basic hydraulic properties related to the determination of its operational resources (maximum water extraction value–capacity) and permissible groundwater level. Particular attention was paid to the thermal lift effect in the borehole. The conductivity, which depends on the pumping level, could be two to three times higher with temperature correction than results without any correction. The goal was to analyse the variability of the observed physiochemical properties of the exploited geothermal waters and to determine the correlation between the properties analysed and the temperature of the geothermal water. For the relationship between temperature and the observed pressure at the wellhead, the value of the correlation coefficient was negative (a negative linear relationship was determined), which means that as the temperature increases, the wellhead pressure decreases. The hydrodynamic tests carried out in the CH PIG-1 borehole and the analysis of variability of selected ions and parameters in exploited water were necessary to assess the possibility of increasing the efficiency (Q) of the CH PIG-1 borehole and to determine the water quality and its natural variability. Such information is crucial for the functioning of the recreational complex based on the use of geothermal water. A study of the phenomena affecting the exploitation of hot water from deep boreholes enables their effective exploitation and the use of resources in accordance with the expectations of investors.
Feasibility Study for a Subcritical Assembly at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory

A conceptual design has been completed for a new subcritical assembly at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). This subcritical assembly will support the Nuclear Criticality Safety Program (NCSP) training and education program to augment current subcritical assembly capabilities at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and at the National Criticality Experiments Research Center (NCERC). The proposed subcritical assembly uses legacy AGN-201M research reactor fuel plates that are available at the Y-12 National Security Complex. This subcritical assembly contains approximately 620 grams of 235 U as UO 2 particulates distributed homogeneously in radiation-stabilized polyethylene. The fuel plates will have a graphite neutron reflector to obtain a core multiplication, M , from 10 to 50, corresponding to a k eff of 0.9 to 0.95, respectively. The subcritical assembly will be able to support at least four experiments for the training courses: (1) the addition of fissile material to increase neutron multiplication (mass), (2) a core separation experiment (interaction), (3) the effect of adding moderators to the core (moderation), and (4) the effect of adding neutron absorbers to the core (poison/absorption). The proposed ORNL subcritical assembly will provide additional student bandwidth to support NCSP training courses and to provide for some backup capacity in the event that nuclear facility operations are disrupted at SNL or NCERC due to some unforeseen issue. The subcritical assembly will be designed to be an inherently safe subcritical assembly—subcritical under all normal and abnormal conditions—and it will provide the capability to conduct hands-on training to support NCSP and general nuclear criticality safety (NCS) staff training and qualification goals.
Çok Boyutlu Zorbalık Mağduriyeti Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

The prevalence of bullying among children and adolescents is gradually increasing. This situation becomes a social problem. The aim of the study was to adapt the Multidimensional Bullying Victimization Scale developed by Harbin, Kelley, Piscitello, and Walker (2018) into Turkish and to examine its reliability and validity. The scale was designed to determine bullying victimizations of 11 to 18-year-old students. For this purpose, a total of 723 secondary school and high school students, 347 girls and 376 boys participated in the study. Language validity, confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency, and criterion validity analysis methods were used for validity and reliability studies. According to confirmatory factor analysis findings, the structure of the scale consisting of three subscales in its original structure was confirmed. In addition, positive correlations were found between the Multidimensional Bullying Victimization Scale, California Victimization Scale, and Cyber Victimization Scale. According to the findings obtained for reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found as . 84 for overall scale, . 92 for direct victimization, . 88 for indirect victimization, and . 88 for evaluative victimization. The test-retest correlation coefficient was . 88 for the overall scale, . 87 for direct victimization, . 85 for indirect victimization, and . 82 for evaluative victimization. According to results, the Multidimensional Victimization Scale provides a reliable and valid assessment of the experience with bullying victimization of adolescents in Turkey.
The Use of Drones in Disaster Aerial Needs Reconnaissance and Damage Assessment – Three-Dimensional Modeling and Orthophoto Map Study

The aim of this research is to provide disaster managers with the results of testing three-dimensional modeling and orthophoto mapping, so as to add value to aerial assessments of flood-related needs and damages. The relevant testing of solutions concerning the real needs of disaster managers is an essential part of the pre-disaster phase. As such, providing evidence-based results of the solutions’ performance is critical with regard to purchasing them and their successful implementation for disaster management purposes. Since disaster response is mostly realized in complex and dynamic, rather than repetitive, environments, it requires pertinent testing methods. A quasi-experimental approach, applied in a form of a full-scale trial meets disaster manager’s requirements as well as addressing limitations resulting from the disaster environment’s characteristics. Three-dimensional modeling and orthophoto mapping have already proven their potential in many professional fields; however, they have not yet been broadly tested for disaster response purposes. Therefore, the objective here is to verify the technologies regarding their applicability in aerial reconnaissance in sudden-onset disasters. The hypothesis assumes that they will improve the efficiency (e.g., time) and effectiveness (e.g., accuracy of revealed data) of this process. The research verifies that the technologies have a potential to facilitate disaster managers with more precise damage assessment; however, their effectivity was less than expected in terms of needs reconnaissance. Secondly, the overall assessment process is heavily burdened by data processing time, however, the technologies allow a reduction of analytical work.
The genus Lejeunea Lib. (Lejeuneaceae, Marchantiophyta) in Brazil

Lejeunea is one of the largest genera of liverworts in the Neotropics and probably the largest liverwort genus in Brazil. We present the first treatment of Lejeunea for Brazil, and for any major part of the Neotropics. Fifty-eight species and three varieties are recognized. A key to the Brazilian species of Lejeunea is provided and each species is briefly described with data on geographical distribution, habitat, differentiating characters and affinities, and reference to published illustrations. Illustrations of a few selected species are also provided. Almost half of the species (24) are widely distributed in tropical America and four of them occur also in Africa; one species, L. flava, is pantropical. About 40% of the species (23) have more restricted ranges and are limited to tropical South America. Ten of them (L. atlantica, L. beyrichiana, L. combuensis, L. flagellifera, L. juruana, L. longidentata, L. oligoclada, L. perpapillosa, L. pulchra, L. subplana) are only known from Brazil. Within Brazil 19 species are widespread, the remaining ones have restricted distributions in the country. Twenty-three species are newly reduced to synonymy (see list in text), fourteen new lectotypifications are designated, two species are newly described, L. atlantica sp. nov. and L. pulchra sp. nov., and four new combinations are proposed: L. acanthogona var. cristulata comb. nov., L. acanthogona var. diversicuspis comb. nov., L. acanthogona var. grossiretis comb. nov. and L. beyrichiana comb. nov. Lejeunea cochleata is reported new to Brazil and L. rionegrensis is new to Ecuador.
XUV and VUV photoabsorption and emission studies in thorium and other high-z laser plasmas

Fundamental investigations into the atomic structure of actinide atoms and ions provide a wealth of information on the physical and chemical behaviour of these elements. In this work, thorium, the second actinide element is investigated. Inner shell photoabsorption features in the 6p and 5d spectra of the free thorium atom and thorium ions produced in a laser plasma plume have been recorded using the space and time resolved Dual Laser Plasma (DLP) spectroscopic technique. Studies focus, in particular, on the investigation of the 6p —» 6d and the 5d —> 5, si' giant dipole resonance features residing in the VUV (15 to 40eV) and XUV (80 to 150eV) inner shell photoabsorption spectra of atomic and ionic thorium. The evolution of both giant dipole resonance profiles with increasing ionisation along the thorium isonuclear sequence Th to Th6+ has been studied. Results indicate that the 6d wavefunction is collapsed in neutral thorium, whereas the 5f wavefunction is to a large extent un-collapsed in neutral thorium but collapses with increasing ionisation along the thorium isonuclear sequence. A picosecond XUV continuum laser plasma light source has been developed in this work and is characterised both spectrally and temporally using time integrated flat field spectroscopy and time resolved streak camera detection. XUV continuum emission pulsewidths of less than 200ps in the 100 to 200eV energy region were recorded from the high-Z metal plasmas of tungsten, gold, lead and samarium. When incorporated into the DLP technique, the picosecond XUV continuum source permits probing of the absorbing plasma plume with superior temporal resolution than previously achieved using XUV laser plasma sources produced using nanosecond laser pulses. The newly developed source was used to the study the collapse of the broad asymmetric 5d -» 5, rf giant dipole resonance feature to discrete Rydberg-like structure along the thorium isonuclear sequence.
Fe 3 O 4 , FeCO 3 or FeS - Which Corrosion Product Will Prevail at High Temperature in CO 2 /H 2 S Environments?

Sweet (CO 2 ) and sour (H 2 S) corrosion have continuously been a challenge in oil and gas production and transportation. Yet, some key issues are still not well understood, especially at high temperature production conditions. A CO 2 /H 2 S ratio of 500, which has been used (often inaccurately) to determine which corrosion mechanism is dominant, is probably even less valid at high temperature. The nature of the corrosion products forming at high temperature in CO 2 /H 2 S environments and their effects on the corrosion rate are not known. Finally, the impact on pipeline integrity of environmental changes between sweet and sour production conditions (simulating reservoir souring) has not been well documented. CO 2 , H 2 S, and CO 2 /H 2 S corrosion experiments were conducted at 120 o C to investigate corrosion mechanisms and corrosion product layer formation at high temperature. The results show that the corrosion products were still clearly dominated by H 2 S under the pCO 2 /pH 2 S ratio of 550. Formation of Fe 3 O 4 , FeCO 3 , and FeS corrosion product layers had a direct impact on the measured corrosion rates and was dependent on the gas composition and on the sequence of exposure (CO 2 then H 2 S and vice versa ). Compared with H 2 S corrosion alone, the presence of CO 2 could retard Fe 3 O 4 formation in CO 2 /H 2 S mixture environment. No obvious change in steady state corrosion rate was observed when the corrosion environment was switched from CO 2 to H 2 S and vice versa .
Review of Switched Beamforming Networks for Scannable Antenna Application towards Fifth Generation (5G) Technology

: The next generation wireless network (5G) addresses the evolution beyond mobile internet to massive Internet-of-Things (IoT) which will take off from 2019/2020 onwards. The essential design features in 5G wireless network system are massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) and steerable antenna array. The higher capacity, lower power transmission and larger system coverage offered by upcoming 5G technology can be realized using switched-beam antenna such as Butler matrix, Rotman lens, Blass matrix and Nolen matrix. Review of their design features and performance results will be compared in this article. Butler matrix can be the best approach owing to low complexity, orthogonal beams and less components utilization
Media Narratives About Concussions: Effects on Parents’ Intention to Inform Their Children About Concussions

This study examined the effects of media narratives about concussions on parent’s intentions to inform their children about concussions. A randomized experiment of 600 parents whose children play football in middle school or high school were presented with one of the five narrative conditions or the control condition (where parents read a brochure). Results indicate that parents who read the narrative shared from the perspective of a high school football player, a parent, a coach, and a Center for Disease Control and Prevention researcher induced negative emotions, and those exposed to the narratives from the perspective of a high school football player and a parent also experienced a sense of identification and thereby reduced counterargument. Negative emotions and a reduced counterargument influenced intentions of these parents to inform their children of the dangers and risks of playing football and prompted them to read information on sports-related concussions. The results of this study have implications for communities and organizations seeking to motivate parents to engage in informative conversations with their children about the dangers and risks associated with playing football including concussions.
Design and Analysis of Power-Efficient Quasi-Adiabatic Ternary Content Addressable Memory (QATCAM)

Ternary content addressable memory (TCAM) is a high-speed memory employed in network search engines which consume significant power. Many authors have provided efficient power solutions by proposing different match line schemes. This study proposes the use of energy recovering adiabatic logic scheme in the design of power-efficient TCAM. Two different innovative quasi-adiabatic TCAM (QATCAM) core cells are designed. The design is implemented in 180 nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology with a power clock of 1.8 V on Cadence Virtuoso. It is found that the power dissipated by the proposed QATCAM cells is lower than its conventional counterparts. Adiabatic TCAM arrays are designed using adiabatic peripheral circuits. The proposed adiabatic TCAM core cells yield more considerable power savings even at higher frequencies up to 1 GHz.