Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hen lysozyme fibrillogenesis, molten globule intermediate and effect of copper salts

Abstract The amyloid fibres have been related to many diseases. The molten globule intermediate has been proposed to form part of the folding pathway of many proteins. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of amyloid-fibres formation of hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) incubated in a potassium phosphate buffer, pH 11.8, 100 mM, at 37 °C for 30 h, and evaluated the influence of Cu(II) present in two salts (CuSO4 and CuCl2) during fibrillogenesis. Co-incubation and post-incubation of lysozyme with copper salts reduced the fluorescence signal of thioflavin T with an increment in the intrinsic fluorescence of the protein. The ANS fluorescence test showed that incubation of HEWL for 6 h generated a molten globule intermediate state that formed amyloid fibres when incubation was carried out for a 30-h timespan. Dynamic light scattering showed a heterogeneous population of states in samples incubated in the absence or the presence of salts during the fibrillation process. The existence of a reducing potential was verified during the formation of HEWL amyloid fibres with the bathocuproine disulphonate test. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence and absence of fibres in solutions incubated with and without Cu(II). This work demonstrated that lysozyme formed amyloid fibres at 37 °C and copper inhibited its formation. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of Vicia L. (Fabaceae) Taxa Growing in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey: Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS)

Leguminosae or Fabaceae is the third-largest flowering plant family and is important in terms of both food production and soil fertility. Wild Vicia species and the genetic diversity of the Southeastern Anatolia Region provide an invaluable resource for the improvement of cultivated temperate feed and legume crops. The rapid progress of technology in recent years has nowmade it possible to use modern techniques in phylogenetic studies and to examine plants in a greater detail using biochemical, cytological and molecular methods to supplement purely systematic studies. The use of molecular phylogenetic analysis is the most attractive alternative strategy for a more accurate identification of the species of the Vicia genus. In the current study, some Vicia L. taxa growing naturally in the Southeastern Anatolia Region were investigated using molecular phylogenetic analysis. Internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA were sequenced in order to study the phylogenetic relationships of Vicia L. taxa. Lathyrus inconspicuous L. and Lathyrus cassius Boiss. were used as an outgroup. The ITS area was determined to be approximately 479- 672 bp. The ITS sequences were submitted to the NCBI database and accession numbers obtained. The resulting tree clearly groups and separates the sect. Narbonensis, Ervilia, Peregrinae, Lathyroides, Vicia and Cracca species but was less able to distinguish species from sect. Hypechusa and Lentopsis. The data acquired were observed to be reliable in terms of solving the taxonomical problems of the Vicia L. taxa. The morphological distinctions are greatly supported by DNA sequence studies. The species-specific markers developed in this study are useful for early detection of targeted Vicia taxa and can act as a guide to the basic data required for the evolution of systematic breeding and conservation strategies, as well as for germplasm resources.
The Mediating Role of Big Data to Influence Practitioners to Use Forensic Accounting for Fraud Detection

Globally, the financial industry in the recent times has witnessed various forms of fraudulent activities in the financial markets creating dilemma for the professionals, and the auditors who owns responsibility of ensuring accuracy and transparency. This article aims at finding the emergence of Big Data technology to fraud and forensic accounting by practitioner accountants in in India. A research model and hypotheses has been developed to examine the relationship between the awareness level of forensic accounting, Big Data and intentions to use it for fraud detection using structural equation modeling. Results indicate that awareness of forensic accounting has a positive influence on practitioners’ intentions to its use for fraud detection. Big data technologies mediate the relationship between awareness and intentions to use for fraud detection. The results of the study are useful in implementation of Big Data technologies into the forensic accounting domain that can facilitate combating fraud.
Influence of finite ground planes on the transmission line current distribution

The knowledge of the current distribution on the ground plane of a printed circuit board (PCB) is important to overcome many electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problems. In this paper a method of moments (MoM) algorithm is used to evaluate the surface current distribution on the ground (GND) plane. In order to consider the effects of GND-planes on the signal behaviour on transmission lines, infinite planes are often assumed to reduce the calculation time. A comparison of the currents using finite and infinite ground planes shows a significant modification of the coupling to transmission lines placed in the layer above.
Fracture Identification in Well Logging Images: Two-Stage Adaptive Network

Automatic fracture identification and segmentation in well logging images is increasingly critical but arduous because of extensive exploration for oil and gas. Domain adaptation for semantic segmentation is an appealing alternative to the lack of semantic fracture annotations. Nevertheless, previous domain adaptation strategies merely focus on a single level (e.g., input, intermediate features, or output), which could result in a large generalization error on new well logging images. In this article, a two-stage network architecture is proposed. In stage 1, a pattern transfer network (PTN) model is utilized to carry out a transformation from one domain to the other domain, making images visually similar between two datasets. Sequentially, in stage 2, an adversarial learning model with a generator and discriminator is introduced to make two domain images generated via PTN producing similar semantic segmentation. Furthermore, an attention module was embedded in the generator to filter irrelevant noise in semantic segmentation results. Real logging images were collected as the tested datasets by an ultrasonic imaging logging instrument. Compared to earlier conventional algorithms and domain adaptation methods, the proposed method is shown to obtain better visual quality and accurate segmentation outcomes.
Spectral Properties of Single-Sideband Angle Modulation

The generation of single-sideband angle-modulated (SSB- \phiM ) waves compatible with conventional detection methods requires involved processing. The result of these operations yields a signal whose spectral properties are more complicated than simply being one-sided versions of the analogous double-sideband spectrum, and hence it is not obvious whether or not a saving in bandwidth results. Here the spectral properties of SSB- \phiM waves are investigated in detail when the modulating signal is a sample function of a stationary Gaussian process. It is shown that the power spectrum of SSB- \phiM is related to the modulating baseband spectrum through an integral equation. This equation is solved explicitly for small and large modulating indices, and it is shown how simple numerical techniques provide solutions for arbitrary index. It is concluded that SSB- \phiM exhibits properties very similar to SSB-AM with a strong carrier component When the modulation index is much less than unity. Therefore, if minimum bandwidth plus the attributes of incoherent demodulation are desired, and a Strong carrier can be tolerated, SSB- \phiM could find an application. On the other hand, for modulation indices larger than about 3, no advantage is gained since the SSB spectrum has a bandwidth equal to or larger than the bandwidth of conventional angle-modulated waves.
A Comparative Study on Essential Oil Profile and Antioxidant Activity in Different Parts of Three Ferulago Species

In the present study, the phytochemical features of the essential oils from leaves, flowers, and fruits in three Ferulago species including F. angulata, F. carduchorum, and F. contracta was investigated. The essential oils were extracted using the hydrodistillation method and analyzed by GC‐FID and GC/MS. The essential oil content varied between 0.46 to 2.65 % (v/w) among the various parts of the studied species. Monoterpene hydrocarbons (leaves: 34.80–78.76 %, flowers: 88.67–94.26 %, fruits: 89.54–94.21 %) constituted the main fraction of three Ferulago species. The major compounds of the essential oil among the species were α‐pinene (15.01–22.16 %), β‐phellandrene (2.48–14.73 %), α‐phellandrene (0.52–13.8 %), and germacrene B (0.11–13.28 %) in leaves; (Z)‐β‐ocimene (38.46–47.21 %), α‐pinene (10.25–18.32 %), and α‐phellandrene (5.07–9.44 %) in flowers; (Z)‐β‐ocimene (10.21–41.19 %), α‐phellandrene (7.51–31.89 %), α‐pinene (8.96–17.71 %), β‐phellandrene (7.24–17.44 %), terpinolene (2.90–7.77 %), and δ‐3‐carene (1.57–7.66 %) in fruits. The classical antioxidant activity of the essential oils was assessed using the DPPH method. The fruit essential oils of the studied species induced a significant level of antioxidant activity compared to ascorbic acid (EC50=50.24 μg/mL). The highest level of antioxidant activity was found in F. carduchorum (EC50=68.75 μg/mL) fruits essential oil. Ferulago species, therefore, have the potential to be utilized as natural antioxidants in the pharmaceutical, food or cosmetic industries owing to their high level of antioxidant activity.
A Critical Role for DESIGN TECHNOLOGY

A phenomenon very apparent to the American businessman, as well as to any lay observer, is the wave of "restructuring" passing through the country. It is a fact of life for seemingly all large companies, and through ripple effects, it affects all but those companies most finely tuned to the new realities of the marketplace. Less apparent, but of greater portent, is the implicit recognition that new rules are taking form for how the games of business will be played. As the recession abates, and revitalized industries emerge, they will not return to the ways of the past; they will seek a development philosophy for their products and services in tune with the times. Of the factors involved in this product/service philosophy, design will be one of the most important, as the growing interest of the business press makes that very clear. There is little question that design will play a major role in the kind of economic world on the horizon. The question is, What role will that be?
Report of two children with global developmental delay in association with de novo TLK2 variant and literature review

We describe clinical details, including novel findings, of two further children with the newly defined TLK2‐related disorder. One patient was recruited to the Deciphering Developmental Delay (DDD) Study to identify underlying etiology of global developmental delay. The other was detected on whole‐exome sequencing as part of second line investigations following normal microarray. Both patients were found to have de novo heterozygous pathogenic TLK2 variants. A novel c.6del p.(Glu3Lysfs*) loss‐of‐function frameshift variant was found in Patient 1. A c.1121+1G>A splice‐donor variant was detected in Patient 2. TLK2‐related neurodevelopmental disorder is a specific syndrome that has been recently described. Global developmental delay, behavioral problems, gastrointestinal disorders, and typical facial dysmorphism are common features. Neuropsychiatric disorders, ophthalmic, musculoskeletal and cranial abnormalities, as well as short stature, have also all been described. The novel findings we describe include sleep disturbance, nondifferentiation of lateral semi‐circular canals (where asymmetric semi‐circular canals were a feature in the previous cohort), vesico‐ureteric reflux, and bilateral periauricular skin tags. Here, we report a novel TLK2 variant and previously undescribed features of TLK2‐related disorder, to expand the clinical phenotype and provide further genotype–phenotype correlation.
Skin-tone modified emoji and first-person indexicality

ABSTRACT Beginning in 2015, people have been able to transform many emoji – typically 18 byte, 12 × 12-pixel images inserted into digital text – with “skin-tone modifiers. ” Racialized aspects of self-presentation have a long history of being marked in various ways in semiotic practice. However, this article argues that, parallel to other systems of social indexicals like honorifics and gendered speech, skin-tone modified emoji represent a robust example of the complex ways language and culture are bound together dialectically. Based on the views of 451 anglophone American respondents to a survey, I demonstrate that the selection of emoji – even yellow emoji – can appear as a social and political choice for certain speech communities. For these individuals, the addition of skin-tone modifiers in the emoji set may remove the possibility of remaining outside this system of author identification when using signs that have the potential to bear such modifiers.
The Impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Performance on Financial Reporting Quality: International Evidence

This study investigates the relationship between environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and financial reporting quality (FRQ) through the use of data from Datastream, Refinitive Eikon and ASSET4 databases. The initial sample of the study covers all available firms in ASSET4. After eliminating firms with missing data, the final sample of the study consists of 16,072 firm-year observations from 35 countries, covering the years from 2010 to 2017. Several FRQ proxies and firms’ ESG performance indicators are used in the study. The panel regression findings reveal that firms’ ESG performance has a positive impact on FRQ. In other words, it has been found that improving the ESG performance of firms yields higher FRQs. As for ESG pillars, this study finds a positive and statistically significant relationship between FRQ and environmental and governance pillars. The study extends the literature by providing international evidence not only about the aggregate effects of firms’ ESG performance on FRQ but also the effects of each of the three ESG pillars on FRQ.
Aerosol radiative effects with dual view AOD retrievals

Abstract. Seasonal maps of dual view retrieved mid-visible AOD and AODf for four selected years (1998, 2008, 2019, 2020) are introduced and assessed in comparisons to MODIS retrievals and general data of an aerosol climatology. Due to different sensor capabilities (ATSR-2, AATSR and SLSTR) there are still unresolved inconsistencies so that decadal regional trends are not as detectable as with MODIS retrievals. SLSTR retrieval, however, agree with MODIS retrievals that 2020 Covid impacts on AOD values (via comparisons to the pre-COVID 2019 reference) are at best minor and secondary to natural anomalies by wildfires and dust. In radiative transfer applications the dual view AOD data for the four years are processed in the MAC climatology environment to determine aerosol associated radiative effects for total aerosol and for anthropogenic aerosol. Even though the calculated radiative effects are affected by retrieval AOD retrieval tendencies, climate relevant TOA net-flux changes are consistent to result with AOD data from other satellite sensors and a general climatology: −0.9 W/m2 for total aerosol with a significant greenhouse effect and −0.8 and −0.2 W/m2 for anthropogenic aerosol with and without indirect effects, respectively. Aside from global averages, seasonal maps highlight the diversity of regional and seasonal radiative effects.
A Systematic Review of Musculoskeletal Injuries Sustained from Submission Techniques in Judo, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and Mixed Martial Arts

Objective: To determine the risk of musculoskeletal injury from “submission” type finishing techniques in grappling sports (Mixed Martial Arts (MMA), Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) and Judo) in both training and competition settings. Design: Systematic review without meta-analysis Materials and methods: A search of published literature databases was undertaken (from their start to November 2020). Two reviewers independently assessed the studies for eligibility using a strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. All eligible articles were assessed against the Clinical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Data on cohort characteristics, number of musculoskeletal injuries, anatomical area injured, type of submission techniques causing the injury and whether the injury was sustained in training or competition were extracted. A narrative research synthesis method was adopted since there were insufficient data to conduct a meta-analysis. Results: 787 studies were identified. Eleven publications met the review inclusion criteria (MMA n=5, BJJ n=4, Judo n=2). Methodological quality was generally poor with eight studies at a high or extreme risk of bias. No central injury surveillance database was identified for any of the sports investigated. Seven different anatomical areas were identified as sustaining injury with elbows the most common. A low risk of submission injury exists in competition equivalent to 20.8 injuries per 1000 matches. A higher risk was reported in training with 15.2% experiencing an injury in a six-month period. Time-loss following injury was reported in only one of 320 injuries. Conclusion: There are currently no injury surveillance program in submission grappling sports to record injuries that occur during training and competition. Therefore, it is not possible to accurately investigate the prevalence of such injuries from submission techniques in MMA, BJJ or Judo. Accurate databases which record type and severity of injury are required to determine if submission techniques are harmful in both the short and long term. Databases should also record time-loss following injury and volume of injury free sport to enable accurate calculation of risk versus athletic exposure.
A phase 2 trial of the efficacy and safety of elotuzumab in combination with pomalidomide, carfilzomib and dexamethasone for high-risk relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma

Abstract High-risk multiple myeloma (MM) continues to have a poor prognosis and remains a therapeutic challenge. This phase 2 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of elotuzumab in combination with pomalidomide, carfilzomib, and low-dose dexamethasone for patients with high-risk relapsed/refractory (RR)MM (NCT03104270). Of 13 enrolled patients, 11 were evaluable for efficacy. Overall response rate and clinical benefit rate were 45.4% and 54.5%, respectively. Deep responses were observed including two complete responses. The novel quadruplet combination was overall well-tolerated, with clinically manageable adverse events. Common adverse events of ≥ grade 3 included lymphopenia (15%), anemia (15%), sepsis (15%), pneumonia (15%), and hypophosphatemia (15%). The novel combination showed promising efficacy and was well tolerated in this heavily pretreated MM population. Even though the study was terminated early prior to completion of enrollment, the results indicate that this may be a promising therapeutic approach for high-risk RRMM patients, which warrants further study.
Hydraulic level control by Hinged Flap Gate

The so-called Hinged Flap Gate is introduced. This gate is able to control automatically the upstream water elevation for free gate flow. Based on laboratory observations, the hydrodynamic pressure distribution on hinged gates was determined. Application of the equation of moments gives two conditions to be satisfied: the moment required by the counterweight, and the angle of the counterweight relative to the normal to the gate at the pivot. The performance of the device is described. Gate vibrations are demonstrated to be absent. The main application of the Hinged Flap Gate is in sewers and irrigation channels for controlling relatively small discharges. A historical note on the development of regulating gates is also given to show that the hydraulically controlled Hinged Flap Gate is a novel suggestion.
Cultural Variables and Instructional Engineering

This chapter discusses how cultural variables can be taken into account when designing computer-based learning environments (CLEs). Its purpose is to identify concrete recommendations to guide instructional engineering of computer-based learning for diverse cultures through a review of the literature on the subject. First, this chapter describes the background in which such recommendations have emerged, and identifies some of the issues underlying instructional design for diverse cultures. Then it introduces models and guidelines on how cultural variables can be taken into account when designing CLEs. Specific recommendations are organized using a method of instructional engineering for CLEs called MISA (Paquette, 2003) as a frame of reference. This is followed by a discussion on future trends and future research directions.
Ubiquitous Convergence : market redefinitions generated by technological change and the Industry Life Cycle

One aspect of industry convergence is redefined market/ industry boundaries. Hence, a deeper understanding of convergence requires an analysis of market definitions. Various theoretical and practical approaches for defining a market and/or industry are reviewed, e.g. neoclassical, industrial organization, anti-trust, RBV, government statistical taxonomies, management practitioners, etc. The convergence phenomena is put into context under a framework provided by the industry life cycle and general purpose technologies. This framework is contrasted with the sparse literature that proposes theoretical definitions of convergence. An alternative definition is proposed: convergence is a market/industry definition generated by technological change.