Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Growth of Male and Female Kids of Nondescript Goats in a Semi Arid Region of Nigeria

This study compared the use of five different models to describe the growth from birth to 20 weeks of age of kids from both genders of nondescript goats. Fifty nine (59) nondescript kids were weighed weekly at the university of Maiduguri livestock teaching and research farm, Nigeria and the live weights were modeled. Biologically relevant variables were estimated for each kid from the Logistic, Gompertz, Richards, Monomolecular and Weibull models. Models were compared using the following goodness of fit criteria: coefficient of determination (R2), mean square error (MSE), standard deviation (SD) and Akaike information criteria (AIC). In both genders, all nonlinear models fitted the data well, with high R2 ranging from 0.911 to 0.943 and 0.923 to 0.95 for male and female, respectively. In addition, the males had higher asymptotic weight than females while the reverse was observed with regards to maturing rate. Male kids had heavier inflexion weight and higher age than females for all the models. These values were however higher for Logistic than Gompertz model. The monomolecular model had higher R2 and lower MSE, SD and AIC in both male and female kids. It can be concluded that the nonlinear growth models were suitable for estimating live weight as a function of age for both male and female of nondescript kids in Nigeria. However, the best model was the monomolecular based on model parameters and goodness of fit criteria.
Volatile metabolites of pathogens – a Systematic review Plos Pathogens 2013

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Reduction in organic matter fractions and structural stability following cultivation of tropical forests in Ethiopia and Nigeria

Theobjectives of this study were: to assess changes in the organic matter (OM) fractions of the surface layer (0-20 cm) of the forested Ethiopian and Nigerian soils following their conversion to arable lands, to determine possible changes in the structural stability of these forested soils as they were converted to arable farmland and to evaluate which OM fractions influenced structural stability of these soils most. There were progressive reductions in all OM pools and aggregate stability as the forested soils were cultivated (which were reflected in the soil structure degradation following deforestation); however, the magnitude of reduction was site-specific. The surface soils at Sirinka (Ethiopia) and Umudike (Nigeria) had the highest cultivation-induced re- ductions in OM (71.7-76.2%), total carbohydrates (R-CHO) (65- 76.4%) and humic acids (83.4-95.5%). The humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA) and humin (HM) showed a fairly high correlation with MWD of the cultivated soils but the least with forested soils. With microaggregation indices, higher and more significant corre- lations were obtained. In the forested soils the WSA < 0.25 mm correlated negatively with HA (r = -0.886***), FA (r = -0.607*), HM (r = -0.772**), and with R-CHO (r = -0.687*). Also the CDR correlated negatively with HA (r = -0.828***), FA (r = -0.640*), HM (r = -0.716**) and with R-CHO (r = -0.626*) in the forested soils. Correlation of these OM fractions with these two micro- structural stability indices were slightly higher in the cultivated than forested soils and substantiate earlier results from the temperate regions in which these OM fractions were more effective in the enhancing of aggregate stability at the micro- than macro- aggregation levels.
Stress-related conditions among female students in Almaarefa Colleges,Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Dr. Mona Mohammed Hassan Ata Al Fadeel MD 1 , Aysha Hawsawi, Shuaa Alduraibi, Mayada Alkhelaif, Maymouna Altartouri 2 , Esra Alhwsawi 2 , Lamyaa Alomar 2 , Lama Alomar 2 , Alaa Alzahran 2 , Amani Almutairi 2 and Sarah Bakhsh 2 . 1. Assistant professor, College of Medicine, Almaarefa Colleges for Science & Technology, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaP.O. Box 71666 Riyadh (Diriyah) 11597. 2. Medical students in Al Maarefa Colleges. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
Accuracy of Fully Coupled Loudspeaker Simulation Using COMSOL

Loudspeaker simulation is used to inform the designer as to the performance of a design. In recent years the Finite Element Method (FEM) has been used to model the mechanical and acoustical attributes of a loudspeaker with varying success. This paper shows how a model that incorporates the magnetic, electromagnetic, mechanical and acoustical domains performs. These domains will be coupled where necessary and the model will focus on accuracy while trying to remain simple. The results will be directly compared with measured data showing the performance of the model. The results of the simulation show good correlation with the measurements both in the frequency domain and for the electrical impedance.
Does intra-Africa regional trade cooperation enhance Africa's export survival?

In this paper, I use a stratified Cox Proportional Hazard Model to econometrically evaluate the effects of intra-Africa regional trade cooperation and other underlying factors on Africa`s export survival. Using a highly disaggregated dataset of bilateral trade flows at HS 6 digit level for 49 African countries for the period 1995 to 2009, I obtain 3 key main empirical results. First, intra-Africa regional trade cooperation do increase the likelihood of Africa`s export survival. The results show that the depth of regional integration matters on lowering Africa`s export hazard rates relative to countries that are not in any regional cooperation. Second, I find evidence that supports the “learning by export hypothesis”. That is export experience within regional as well as rest of the world markets increases the likelihood of Africa`s export survival. Finally, results suggests that infrastructure related trade frictions such as costs to export, time to export, and customs procedures to export as well as weak export supporting institutions have a negative effect on Africa`s export survival. Similarly macroeconomic developments particularly exchange rate volatility, financial underdevelopment, “inappropriate” foreign direct investment hurt chances of an African export survival. The results also show that interaction effects between regional integration initiatives and a variety of these trade frictions namely: costs to export, time to export and customs procedures effects on hazard rates diminish in significance with the depth of regional integration over time. © The Authors. All rights reserved. No part of this paper may be reproduced without the permission of the authors. 1 Does Intra-Africa Regional Trade Cooperation Enhance Africa’s Export Survival? Dick Nuwamanya Kamuganga*
C-Space Compression for Robots Motion Planning

Exact motion planning for hyper-redundant robots under complex constraints is computationally intractable. This paper does not deal with the optimization of motion planning algorithms, but rather with the simplification of the configuration space presented to the algorithms. We aim to reduce the configuration space so that the robot's embedded motion planning system will be able to store and access an otherwise immense data file. We use a n-DCT compression algorithm together with a Genetic based compression algorithm, in order to reduce the complexity of motion planning computations and reduce the need for memory. We exemplify our algorithm on a hyper-redundant worm-like climbing robot with six degrees of freedom (DOF).
A Novel Application of Fuzzy Set Theory and Topic Model in Sentence Extraction for Vietnamese Text

Summary Vietnamese language has common characteristics with some Asian languages such as Chinese, Japanese, Korean . They do not define words based on spaces. In this article, we present a method that application of Fuzzy set theory and topic model to extract sentences in Vietnamese texts which have been categorized by topic. This method based on identification of important features as : length of sentence, weight of terms in sentences, position of sentences . , then extracting important sentences according to the ratio, this ratio indicate which sentences in original text will be extracted. We also built a system based on this method and experiments have obtained good results, satisfying the given requirements.
The Constitution of Society : Outline of the Theory of Structuration

demanding because the studies reviewed in this volume are extremely varied. However, the volume is also selective: like most geographic literature, the volume is limited to cases in Great Britain's ex-colonies and the English-speaking world. It can be argued that historical evidence of ethnic relationships might be different in ex-French and Spanish colonies or the Russian, Austro-Hungarian, or Ottoman empires. Available material on the Brazilian model of race relations or that of foreign workers in European countries other than Britain could provide equally revealing case studies. Incorporating such additional evidence and reexamining the validity of generalization and conceptualization is a task worthy of geographers anxious to broaden the scope of reference and increase comprehension of the relationship that exists between geography and ethnic pluralism.
Effect of fertilization method on the uptake and accumulation of mineral components in the initial period of maize development

On thebasis of a 4-year study, the effect of fertilization methods on the uptake and accumulation of mineral components by maize was evaluated. Two methods were used: by broadcasting over the whole surface and by band fertilization. The applied fertilizer level was gradually increased from 17.4 to 56.7 kg Ph a -1 with the use of superphosphate and ammonium phosphate. It was found that the uptake and accumulation of mineral compo- nents depended on all the studied factors and their effect was increasing with the advancing vegetation. Band fertilization and the use of ammonium phosphate kept increasing the accumulation of all mineral components from 4-5 to 8-9-leaf-stage, in compari- son with broadcast fertilization and superphosphate application, respectively. No distinct effect of phosphorus fertilization level on the uptake and accumulation of mineral components was visible before the stage of 8-9 leaves. Regressions were calculated for the relationship between the mineral components accumulation and the lapse of time from emergence to 8-9-leaf-stage and for the relationship between the uptake of mineral components and the accumulation of dry matter.
Sidelobe Reduction of Low‐Profile Array Antenna Using a Genetic Algorithm

A low‐profile phased array antenna with a low sidelobe was designed and fabricated using a genetic algorithm (GA). The subarray distances were optimized by GA with chromosomes of 78 bits, a population of 100, a crossover probability of 0.9, and a mutation probability of 0.005. The array antenna has 24 subarrays in 14 rows, and is designed as a mobile terminal for Ku‐band satellite communication. The sidelobe level was suppressed by 6.5 dB after optimization, compared to the equal spacing between subarrays. The sidelobe level was verified from the far‐field pattern measurement by using the fabricated array antenna with optimized distance.
How much is too much? Partnerships and power relationships between parents and schools

Developing effective partnerships between parents and teachers are recognised as an effective way of supporting and maintaining student achievement. This critical literature review explores the power relationships that underpin such partnerships and greatly contribute to their success. It will begin by recapping the history of parent-teacher power relationships and looking at examples of the arguments both for and against more parental power in schools. It will then look at school board of trustees as a particularly New Zealand example of attempting to improve parental power and discuss why both these and parent-teacher interviews may fail to meet their projected goals. Finally it will elaborate on some of the suggestions that have been made on improving the power relationships between parents and teachers in order to support partnerships that benefit the student.
Organizational Innovation and Organizational Performance: An Empirical Study Based Network and Knowledge's Perspective

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the interrelationships between network structure, knowledge management, organizational innovation and organizational performance. A 56-item survey questionnaire was developed and 138 manufacturing and service firms in China were selected as the samples of this study. The results conclude: the emphasis of network structure is associated with the levels of knowledge management and organizational innovation, the emphasis of knowledge management is associated with the levels of organizational innovation, and organizational innovation may enhance organizational performance. Since very limited studies have concentrated on above issues, the results of this study can provide important references to academicians and practitioners in the developing of organizational innovation and enhancing organizational performance.
The clustering of galaxies in the completed SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: towards a computationally efficient analysis without informative priors

We develop a new computationally efficient methodology called double-probe analysis with the aim of minimizing informative priors (those coming from extra probes) in the estimation of cosmological parameters. Using our new methodology, we extract the dark energy model-independent cosmological constraints from the joint data sets of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) galaxy sample and Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurements. We measure the mean values and covariance matrix of {R, l(a), Omega(b)h(2), n(s), log(A(s)), Omega(k), H(z), D-A(z), f(z)sigma(8)(z)}, which give an efficient summary of the Planck data and two- point statistics from the BOSS galaxy sample. The CMB shift parameters are R = root Omega H-m(0)2 r(z(*)) and l(a) = pi r(z(*))/r(s)(z(*)), where z(*) is the redshift at the last scattering surface, and r(z(*)) and rs(z(*)) denote our comoving distance to the z(*) and sound horizon at z(*), respectively;Omega(b) is the baryon fraction at z=0. This approximate methodology guarantees that we will not need to put informative priors on the cosmological parameters that galaxy clustering is unable to constrain, i.e. Omega(b)h(2) and ns. The main advantage is that the computational time required for extracting these parameters is decreased by a factor of 60 with respect to exact full-likelihood analyses. The results obtained show no tension with the flat Lambda cold dark matter (Lambda CDM) cosmological paradigm. By comparing with the full-likelihood exact analysis with fixed dark energy models, on one hand we demonstrate that the double-probe method provides robust cosmological parameter constraints that can be conveniently used to study dark energy models, and on the other hand we provide a reliable set of measurements assuming dark energy models to be used, for example, in distance estimations. We extend our study to measure the sum of the neutrino mass using different methodologies, including double-probe analysis (introduced in this study), full-likelihood analysis and single-probe analysis. From full-likelihood analysis, we obtain Sigma m(v) < 0.12 ( 68 per cent), assuming Lambda CDM and Sigma m(v) < 0.20 ( 68 per cent) assuming owCDM. We also find that there is degeneracy between observational systematics and neutrino masses, which suggests that one should take great care when estimating these parameters in the case of not having control over the systematics of a given sample.
Optimal pose selection for the identification of geometric and elastostatic parameters of machining robots

La these porte sur la selection de poses optimales pour la calibration geometrique et elasto-statique de robots industriels utilises pour l'usinage de pieces des grandes dimensions. Une attention particuliere est accordee a l'amelioration de la precision de positionnement du robot apres compensation des erreurs geometriques et elasto-statiques. Pour repondre aux exigences industrielles des operations d’usinage, une nouvelle approche pour la definition d'essais pour la calibration de robots seriels et quasi-seriels est proposee. Cette approche est basee sur un nouveau critere de performance, oriente applications industrielles, qui evalue la qualite du plan d'essais pour la calibration via la precision de positionnement du manipulateur apres compensation d'erreurs, et tient compte des specificites de la tâche manufacturiere a realiser au moyen de configurations tests. Contrairement aux travaux precedents, l'approche developpee requiert seulement une mesure des positions de points et non d’orientation de corps rigides a l’aide d’un systeme de mesure externe tel qu’un laser tracker. Cette methode permet ainsi d'eviter les problemes de non-homogeneite dans les equations d'identification. Par ailleurs, afin de prendre en compte l'impact du compensateur de gravite,qui induit une chaine cinematique fermee, le modele de raideur est etendu en y incluant certains parametres elasto-statiques dont les valeurs dependent de la configuration du robot. Une methodologie pour la calibration des modeles de compensateurs de gravite est ainsi proposee. Les avantages des techniques developpees pour la calibration de robots industriels dedies a des operations d’usinage sont valides et mis en evidence experimentalement, a travers la calibration geometrique et elasto-statique du robot industriel KUKAKR-270.
An International Reading Literacy Study: Factor Structure of the Chinese Version of the Student Questionnaire (PIRLS-SQCV 2011)

The student questionnaire (PIRLS-SQ 2011) of the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) was designed to gather information from pupils on reading literacy development as to aspects of pupils’ self-lives, home, and school lives across countries/districts. In order to serve the purposes of research and international comparison, the questionnaire was translated into various languages. Using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the current study investigates the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the student questionnaire (PIRLS-SQCV 2011) and identifies its underlying factor structure among Chinese fourth-grade pupils in Hong Kong. A 10-factor structure model was identified and much resemblance could be drawn to the original PIRLS structure. While the similarity allows international comparisons of studies in different places following the PIRLS strategy, the findings of this study add to extant literature on the relationship between student factors and reading achievement.
Static Replication and Model Risk: Razor's Edge or Trader's Hedge?

We investigate how sensitive a variety of dynamic and static hedge strategies for barrier options are to model risk. We find that using plain vanilla options to hedge barrier options offers considerable improvements over usual ? -hedges. Further, we show that the hedge portfolios involving options are relatively more sensitive to model risk, the Devil is in the detail, but that the degree of misspecification sensitivity is quite robust across commonly used models.
Let Them Eat Lunch: The Impact of Universal Free Meals on Student Performance

This paper investigates the impact of extending free school lunch to all students, regardless of income, on academic performance in New York City middle schools. Using a difference-in-difference design and unique longitudinal, student level data, we derive credibly causal estimates of the impacts of “Universal Free Meals” (UFM) on test scores in English Language Arts (ELA) and mathematics, and participation in school lunch. We find UFM increases academic performance by as much as 0.059 standard deviations in math and 0.083 in ELA for non-poor students, with smaller, statistically significant effects of 0.032 and 0.027 standard deviations in math and ELA for poor students. Further, UFM increases participation in school lunch by roughly 11.0 percentage points for non-poor students and 5.4 percentage points for poor students. We then investigate the academic effects of school lunch participation per se, using UFM as an instrumental variable. Results indicate that increases in school lunch participation improve academic performance for both poor and non-poor students; an additional lunch every two weeks increases test scores by roughly 0.08 standard deviations in math and 0.07 standard deviations in ELA. Finally, we explore potential unintended consequences for student weight outcomes, finding no evidence that UFM increases probability of obesity or overweight, or BMI. Results are robust to an array of alternative assumptions about sample and specifications.
New evidence on trade liberalization and productivity growth

Although the subject of a large number of studies, the debate on the links between trade reform and productivity growth is still unresolved and most studies at the micro level have not been able to establish a relationship between the two phenomena. Brazil provides a natural experiment to study this issue that is seldom available: it was one of the closest economies in the world until 1988, when trade reform was launched, and intra-industry data are available on an annual basis before, during and after liberalization. Using a panel of industry sectors this paper tests and measures the impact of trade reform on productivity growth. Results confirm the association between the former and the latter and show that the magnitude of the impact of tariff reduction on the growth rates of TFP and output per worker was substantial. Our data reveal large and widespread productivity improvement, so that the estimations in this paper are an indication that liberalization had an important effect on industrial performance in the country. Cross-sectional differences in protection are also investigated.
Sibling Violence: Validating a Two-Factor Model of Severity in Nonoffender Populations

Objective: Despite a recent surge of academic and clinical interest in sibling violence (SV), valid measures of severity have not been psychometrically established using nonoffender populations. This study examined the factor structure of intentional SV severity in a nonforensic sample considered to be not at “high risk” for violence using the only existing empirically driven model of severe SV committed with intent (Khan & Cooke, 2013). The prior model was established in a high risk for violence, young offender sample (N = 111; mean age = 14.53) and revealed 2 underlying factors: “SV with weapon use” and “SV without weapon use. ” Method: This study examined data from an older, mixed-community, and student sample (N = 899; M = 22.53) to test the factor structure and reliability of the existing severity model. Results: Participants reported a wide range of violent acts against their sibling(s) with the aim of injuring them, including weapon use. Using exploratory factor analyses and confirmatory factor analyses, the prior 2-factor model was empirically supported using this noncorrectional population. The new model comprised Factor 1 (potentially lethal SV) and Factor 2 (nonlife threatening SV). Conclusion: The generalizability of the original 2-factor model, established using an offender sample, was demonstrated in this nonoffender sample designated not at high risk for violence.