Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Redox Sensitive Hyaluronic Acid‐Decorated Graphene Oxide for Photothermally Controlled Tumor‐Cytoplasm‐Selective Rapid Drug Delivery

Nanocarriers capable of circumventing various biological barriers between the site of administration and the therapeutic target hold great potential for cancer treatment. Herein, a redox‐sensitive, hyaluronic acid‐decorated graphene oxide nanosheet (HSG) is developed for tumor cytoplasm‐specific rapid delivery using near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation controlled endo/lysosome disruption and redox‐triggered cytoplasmic drug release. Hyaluronic acid (HA) modification through redox‐sensitive linkages permits HSG a range of advantages over the standard graphene oxide, including high biological stability, enhanced drug‐loading capacity for aromatic molecules, HA receptor‐mediated active tumor targeting, greater NIR absorption and thermal energy translation, and a sharp redox‐dependent response for accelerated cargo release. Results of in vivo and in vitro testing indicate a high loading of doxorubicin (DOX) onto HSG. Selective delivery to HA‐receptor overexpressing tumors is achieved through passive and active targeting with minimized unfavorable interactions with blood components. Cytoplasm‐specific DOX delivery is then achieved through NIR controlled endo/lysosome disruption along with redox‐triggered release of DOX in glutathione rich areas. HSG's specificity is resulted in enhanced cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutics with minimal collateral damage to healthy tissues in a xenograft animal tumor model. HSG is validated the programmed delivery of therapeutic agents in a spatiotemporally controlled manner to overcome multiple biological barriers results in specific and enhanced cancer treatment.
Effect of Some Abiotic Stress Factories on Savrun Spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.)

In this study were investigated that resistance to salinity, heavy metals, drought and calcerous stress in Savrun (Spinacea oleracea L.) spinach. For this aim, 5-6 leafed seedlings were exposed to NaCl (75, 150 and 225 mM); heavy metals (Fe, Ni and Zn 0.2 mg/L), drought (50%) and 0.2% CaCO3 applications for four weeks half-weekly which plants grown under controlled conditions. Depends on result chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total cclorophyll, carotenoids, β-caroten and lycopen increased in drought and CaCO3 treatments. Total soluble protein and GuPX activity were found higher in all stress treatments, proline content increased in NiCl2, 75 ve 150 mM NaCl treatments. While APX activity was higher in 75 mM NaCl and ZnCl2; CAT was higher in 150 mM NaCl and others stres treatments except drought. SOD activity were noted higher in drought, CaCO3 and 225 mM NaCl stresses groups. MDA content was lower in all treatments except FeCl3 and, H2O2 were lower in 225 mM NaCl and drought while it was higher in others. As a result, it was found that tolerance of Savrun spinach is higher to CaCO3 and drought but sensitivity of it is higher to 225 mM NaCl, ZnCl2 and FeCl3. Also it was determined that Savrun genotype is moderate tolerance to NiCl2 and 75 Mm NaCl. However parameters of tolerance to stress that treated on spinach seedling showed variability in Savrun spinach.
Ecosystem Restoration: A Case Study in the Owens River Gorge, California

Abstract In 1991 the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, in cooperation with Mono County, California, initiated a multiyear effort to restore the Owens River Gorge. The project aims to return the river channel, dewatered for more than 50 years, to a functional riverine-riparian ecosystem capable of supporting healthy brown trout and wildlife populations. The passive, or natural, restoration approach focused on the development of riparian habitat and channel complexity using incremental increases in pulse (freshet) and base flows. Increasing pulse and base flows resulted in establishment and rapid growth of riparian vegetation on all landforms, and the formation of good-quality micro-habitat features (pools, runs, depth, and wetted width). An extremely complex, productive habitat now occupies the bottom lands of the Owens River Gorge. A healthy fishery in good condition has quickly developed in response to habitat improvement. Brown trout numbers have increased each year since initial stocking, 40% .
Experimental strategies for clonal eucalyptus

Abstract The success of any forestry operation depends on the careful choice of the clones to be planted. At existing yield levels, the differences among clones are becoming smaller, leading to the need to use experimental strategies for a more successful choice. To obtain information in regard to better experimental strategies, data from two clonal tests of eucalyptus were used. One of the tests consisted of 35 clones and another of 48 clones. In both tests, the experimental plot consisted of 100 plants at commercial spacing (12 m2 per plant). The trait wood volume was evaluated, taking the relative position of the plant in the plot as a reference. The data were evaluated by different means, and it was observed that the use of border plot in clonal tests in eucalyptus is not necessary. Experimental accuracy with 15 to 20 plants is similar in comparison to the plot with 100 plants.
Emerging Topics on Disseminated Cancer Cell Dormancy and the Paradigm of Metastasis

Disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) are recognized as the seeds of metastasis. However, metastatic lesions can become symptomatic years or decades after primary tumor removal. This clinical finding suggests that DTCs are not immediately competent to initiate growth and can persist in a dormant state. Here we review recent data for three potential scenarios that could result in DTC dormancy: (a) The target organ microenvironment instructs DTCs to enter dormancy; (b) primary tumors pre-encode a dormancy signature that only becomes evident when DTCs enter target organs that produce dormancy-inducing cues; and (c) early dissemination spawns DTCs that, by virtue of being closely related to normal cells, would retain the capacity to respond to dormancy-instructing signals and enter dormancy in target organs. The literature supports the existence of these scenarios and provides insight into how to prevent metastasis. Importantly, cotargeting dormant and proliferative DTCs in stage IV cancer may also improve outcomes.
The effect of exurban development on wintering birds in Colorado

ABSTRACT Large-scale land-use change driven by residential development has degraded native ecosystems and altered the composition of species communities. Concern over the loss of habitat for human-sensitive species has led to questions about how housing impacts bird communities along the urban to rural gradient. Yet most studies of birds in residential ecosystems are limited to the breeding season, thus the effects of housing on avian habitat use in winter are not well understood. We surveyed winter resident birds, vegetation cover and structure, and human activity along a housing gradient in a Colorado landscape undergoing exurban development. Using an occupancy-based approach, we evaluated models for species with sufficient detections (n = 8). We found that habitat use by six species [American Robin (Turdus migratorius), Black-billed Magpie (Pica hudsonia), Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis), Downy Woodpecker (Picoides pubescens), Pygmy Nuthatch (Sitta pygmaea), Townsend's Solitaire (Myadestes townsendi)] was positively associated with housing density at scales ranging from 100–1,000 m. In contrast, habitat use by two species [Mountain Chickadee (Poecile gambeli) and Steller's Jay (Cyanocitta stelleri)] was negatively associated with housing proximity, and human activity had no effect on habitat use for any species. Canopy cover or understory vegetation cover and structure were important covariates for predicting habitat use of all species modeled. Our results suggest that to maximize the value of residential areas for a diverse wintering bird community, areas with natural vegetation should be incorporated into development planning. Overall, we found that the resident winter birds evaluated in our study were resilient to development in exurban areas. Indeed, these species may be opportunistic in occupying residential habitats that allow them to exploit anthropogenic resources during an energetically expensive time of year.
Formación in vitro de rizomas en caña flecha (Gynerium sagitatum Aubl.) y recuperación de plantas

Gynerium sagitatum Aubl. (Poaceae) is an important environmental, cultural and economic species for aboriginal communities in Northern Colombia, in which the centrale central nerve is used to make precious craftsmanship products. The massive use of the plant with no restoration has dangerously decreased natural populations. Micropropagation has emerged as a way to efficiently produce planting material for cropping and restoration of affected areas. To improve cost efficiency of the micropropagation protocol, in vitro rhizome structures were induced using in vitromaintained plants as explants under three quantities of sucrose, four of benzyl aminopurine - BAP and four of abscisic acid - ABA supplied in MS with (in mg L-1) myo-inositol (100), thiamine HCL (0.4), and solidified with Phytagel® (3.000). Treatments (48) were distributed using a complete randomized design with six replicates per treatment. Cultures were stored during eight weeks at 25 °C with 12 h photoperiod (40 μmol photons m-2 s-1) provided by with cold fluorescent lamps. Statistical differences were observed with respect to number of rhizomes and rhizome length as a result of three factor interaction. Ex vitro plantlet recovery occurred at highest percentage from rhizomes developed in media supplied with sucrose at 263000 µM combined with 4.44 and 8.88 µM BAP. Data evidenced the possibility of inducing in vitro rhizome growth from arrow cane explants to use them as a way for propagation and plant conservation.
Gender-specific feeding rates in planktonic copepods with different feeding behavior

Planktonic copepods have sexually dimorphic behaviors, which can cause differences in feeding efficiency between genders. Copepod feeding rates have been studied extensively but most studies have focused only on females. In this study, we experimentally quantified feeding rates of males and females in copepods with different feeding behavior: ambush feeding (Oithona nana), feeding-current feeding (Temora longicornis) and cruising feeding (Centropages hamatus). We hypothesize that carbon-specific maximum ingestion rates are similar between genders, but that maximum clearance rates are lower for male copepods, particularly in ambush feeders, where the males must sacrifice feeding for mate searching. We conducted gender-specific functional feeding response experiments using prey of different size and motility. In most cases, gender-specific maximum ingestion and clearance rates were largely explained by the difference in size between sexes, independent of the feeding strategy. However, maximum clearance rates of males were approximately two times higher than for females in the ambush feeding copepod O. nana feeding on an optimal motile prey (Oxyrrhis marina), as hypothesized. We conclude that the conflict between mate searching and feeding can cause significant difference in feeding efficiency between copepod genders in ambush feeders but not in feeding-current and cruising feeders.
Distribution of lectin in nematode-infeste and uninfested roots of Hibiscus esculentus

Hibiscus esculentus infested with root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, contained lectin mostly in the galled regions of roots from which nematodes had been removed. The ungalled regions as well as galls with nematodes contained negligible amounts of lectin. Lectin in uninfested roots was randomly distributed and was as high in amount as in galled regions of roots without nematodes.
Alternative breeding times and evolutionary pathways in corals in north Western Australia

i Declaration and Publications. v Acknowledgements . vii Foreword . xi 1. General Introduction . 1 2. Biannual coral spawning decreases at higher latitudes on Western Australian Reefs . 9 Abstract . 10 Introduction . 10 Methods . 12 Results & Discussion . 15 3. Asynchronous spawning in sympatric populations of a hard coral reveals cryptic species and ancient genetic lineages . 21 Abstract . 22 Introduction . 22 Methods . 25 Results . 33 Discussion . 43 4. Asynchronous spawning and demographic history shape genetic differentiation among populations of the hard coral Acropora tenuis in Western Australia . 49 Abstract . 50 Introduction . 50 Methods . 52 Results . 58 Discussion . 62 5. Phylogenomics provides new insight into evolutionary relationships and genealogical discordance in the reef-building coral genus Acropora . 71 Abstract . 72 Introduction . 72 Methods . 74 iv Results . 78 Discussion . 83 6. Synthesis . 87 References . 98 Appendices . 111
A test of the habitat amount hypothesis as an explanation for the species richness of forest bird assemblages

For the past 20 years, researchers have been challenged to demonstrate that the spatial arrangement of habitat patches actually influences the distribution of organisms and the persistence of their populations, beyond the effects of its sheer amount. More recently, it has been argued that habitat amount in the ‘local landscape’ surrounding a site is sufficient to predict species richness (SR) in that site, irrespective of habitat configuration. Here, we tested four predictions derived from the habitat amount hypothesis (HAH).
Identification of Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) effector functions that inhibit the host innate immune response pathway

EPEC colonise l’intestin grele et cause des diarrhees aqueuses severes chez l’homme et la mort de milliers d’enfants chaque annee dans les pays en voie de developpement. Ce pathogene code des facteurs de virulence distribues sur sept loci de pathogenese. Le locus LEE (Locus of Enterocyte Effacement) code un appareil de secretion de type III, les effecteurs permettant la formation de lesions cellulaires caracteristiques appelees « Attaching and Effacing » et la perturbation des mecanismes de secretion et d’absorption des cellules intestinales. Le LEE est essentiel dans la pathogenese d’EPEC; cependant des effecteurs codes en dehors du locus LEE joueraient un role essentiel dans l’inhibition de la reaction inflammatoire. Des etudes indiquent qu’EPEC inhibe l’activation du facteur de transcription NF-_B, element central dela reponse immunitaire innee, capable d’activer la production de l’antimicrobien oxyde nitrique et de la chemokine interleukine-8 permettant le recrutement de cellules immunitaires sur le site d’infection. Les effecteurs impliques dans l’inhibition de la reaction inflammatoire sont inconnus. Le but du projet est donc de determiner le ou les effecteurs capables d’inhiber l’activation du facteur de transcription NF-_B et de l’interleukine-8 afin de definir le mecanisme par lequel EPEC echappe au systeme immunitaire.
Social Factors in Closed-Network Content Consumption

How do users on social platforms consume content shared by their friends? Is this consumption socially motivated, and can we predict it? Considerable prior work has focused on inferring and learning user preferences with respect to broadcasted, or open-network content in public spheres like webpages or public videos. However, user engagement with narrowcasted, closed-network content shared by their friends is considerably under-explored, despite being a commonplace activity. Here we bridge this gap by focusing on consumption of visual media content in closed-network settings, using data from Snapchat, a large multimedia-driven social sharing service with over 200M daily active users. Broadly, we answer questions around content consumption patterns, social factors that are associated with such consumption habits, and predictability of consumption time. We propose models for patterns in users' time-spending behaviors across friends, and observe that viewers preferentially and consistently spend more time on content from certain friends, even without considering any explicit notion of intrinsic content value. We also find that consumption time is highly correlated with several engagement-based social factors, suggesting a large social role in closed-network content consumption. Finally, we propose a novel approach of modeling future consumption time as a learning-to-rank task over users? friends. Our results demonstrate significant predictive value (0.815 P@1, 0.650 nDCG@10) using only social factors. We expect our work to motivate additional research in modeling consumption and ranking of online closed-network content.
OHEA: Secure Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks against Untrusted Sensors

Data aggregation is a key problem in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). To secure the aggregation results, researchers have proposed to adopt homomorphic encryptions. Since aggregation is conducted in the ciphertext space without decryption, both the confidentiality and integrity can be protected against untrusted or compromised aggregators. However, such techniques cannot protect against untrusted or compromised sources, i.e., wireless sensors, as homomorphic encryptions require all sources to share a common encryption key. Since wireless sensor networks are often vulnerable to physical or network attacks, new secure aggregation schemes that can protect against compromised sources are needed. This paper proposes Onion Homomorphic Encryption-based Aggregation (OHEA), where sources form groups with their dedicated encryption keys, a.k. a. , the group keys. OHEA has a nice property that group keys themselves can be aggregated, so it can work recursively with any level of aggregation hierarchy. By security analysis, we show that even if multiple aggregators or sources are compromised, an adversary is still unable to compromise the data of other nodes in the same or upper levels of the hierarchy. Furthermore, the experimental results show that OHEA incurs low computation and communication cost, and is thus scalable to large WSNs.
April: An Automatic Graph Data Management System Based on Reinforcement Learning

The great amount and complex structure of graph data bring a big challenge to graph data management. However, traditional management approaches cannot tackle the challenge. Fortunately, reinforcement learning provides a new approach to solve this problem due to its automation and adaptivity in decision making. Motivated by this, we develop April, an automatic graph data management system, which performs storage structure selection, index selection, and query optimization based on reinforcement learning. The system selects storage structure, indices effectively and automatically, and optimizes the SPARQL queries efficiently. April also offers a friendly interface for users, which allows users to interact with the system in a customized mode. We demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of April with two graph data benchmarks.
Examining the Additivity of Top-k Query Processing Innovations

Research activity spanning more than five decades has led to index organizations, compression schemes, and traversal algorithms that allow extremely rapid response to ranked queries against very large text collections. However, little attention has been paid to the interactions between these many components, and the additivity of algorithmic improvements has not been explored. Here we examine the extent to which efficiency improvements add up. We employ four query processing algorithms, four compression codecs, and all possible combinations of four distinct further optimizations, and compare the performance of the 256 resulting systems to determine when and how different optimizations interact. Our results over two test collections show that efficiency enhancements are, for the most part, additive, and that there is little risk of negative interactions. In addition, our detailed profiling across this large pool of systems leads to key insights as to why the various individual enhancements work well, and indicates that optimizing "simpler" implementations can result in higher query throughput than is available from non-optimized versions of the more "complex" techniques, with clear implications for the choices needing to be made by practitioners.
Loan Default Analysis with Multiplex Graph Learning

Aiming to effectively distinguish loan default in the Mobile Credit Payment Service, industrial efforts mainly attempt to employ conventional classifier with complicated feature engineer for prediction. However, these solutions fail to exploit multiplex relations existed in the financial scenarios and ignore the key intrinsic properties of the loan default detection, i.e., communicability, complementation and induction. To address these issues, we develop a novel attributed multiplex graph based loan default detection approach for effectively integrating multiplex relations in financial scenarios. Considering the complexity of financial scenario, an Attributed Multiplex Graph (AMG) is proposed to jointly model various relations and objects as well as the rich attributes on nodes and edges. We elaborately design relation-specific receptive layers equipped with adaptive breadth function to incorporate important information derived from local structure in each aspect of AMG and stack multiple propagation layer to explore the high-order connectivity information. Furthermore, a relation-specific attention mechanism is adopted to emphasize relevant information during end-to-end training. Extensive experiments conducted on the large-scale real- world dataset verify the effectiveness of the proposed model com- pared with state of arts. Moreover, AMG-DP has also achieved a performance improvement of 9.37% on KS metric in recent months after successful deployment in the Alipay APP.
Phytochemical characterization, anti-cancer and antimicrobial activity of isolated fractions of Alysicarpus vaginalis

The methanolic extract of Alysicarpus vaginalis was selected for fractionation due to its known reported biological activity. The four fractions were separated and subjected for in vitro antimitotic and anti-proliferative assays along with anti-cancer activity on two human cancers cell lines (SK-MEL-2 and Hep-G2). The antimicrobial potential of fractions had been evaluated against bacteria and fungi. From all fractions, acetone and n-butanol fractions were effective against the cell lines. They show strong inhibitory action with mitotic index 6.2 and 8.4 mg/mL and IC 50 values of anti-proliferative assay in between 19.7 to 14.2 mg/mL respectively, which was found to be comparable to the standard methothrexate 5.9 mg/mL and 13.2 mg/mL respectively. In antimicrobial activity, the zone of inhibition had been observed in the range of 12-27 mm and MIC value was found in the range of 0.2-0.1 mg/mL. The acetone fraction was found to be most active against fungi, and E. coli whereas chloroform and n-butanol fractions were more effective against S. aureus and B. subtilis. The phytochemical characterization by HPLC analysis indicated the presence of important polyphenolic and steroidal compounds. Video Clip of Methodology : Method: 8 min 16 sec Full Screen Alternate