Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 IN HUMAN PLASMA USING N-TERMINAL AND C-TERMINAL DIRECTED ANTIBODIES: A PHYSIOLOGIC INSULINOTROPIC ROLE OE GLP-1( 7-36 AMIDE)

To investigate physiologic function of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-l)(7—36 amide), a method for estimating the level oftruncated GLP-1 in human plasma was developed by means of radioimmunoassay (RIA) systems using C-terminal and N-terminal directed antibodies. The antisera were raised in three rabbits after emul-sification of synthetic human GLP-l(1-36 amide) or human GLP-l( 7-36 amide) with 50% polyvinylpyrrolidone. The selected antisera did not cross-react with any other peptides of glucagon family. Using various synthetic fragments of human GLP-1, R1043 antiserum was found to be directed against the N-terminus and R2337 antiserum against the C-terminus of GLP-1. In radioimmunoassays using these two antisera, the detection limit was 24 pmol/1 for both assays. Accurate determination of GLP-1 levels in human plasma required ethanol extraction. The optimal recovery was obtained with 67% ethanol (final concentration) for both assays. The fasting plasma levels of GLP-l in 83 healthy subjects were 22.6i 1.9 pmol/1 for Rl043 assay and 7l.5i3. 3 pmol/1 for R2337 assay, respectively. After ingestion of 75 g glucose in 10 healthy subjects GLP-1 IR measured with R1043 assay decreased gradually for 2 h, whereas the values measured with R2337 assay rose to 84.4i6. 4 pmol/1 at 30 min and sustained high for 2 h. On gelfitration of serum obtained 30 min after oral glucose loading, truncated GLP-1 fraction increased but full sequence GLP-l fraction decreased. These results together with our previous report using perfused rat pancreas, suggest that truncated GLP-1 has a potent insulinotropic effect.
Root canal treatment of a dilacerated mandibular premolar using a novel instrumentation approach. A case report

AIM To report on a novel method to instrument a dilacerated double-curved mandibular premolar. SUMMARY A 45-year-old female was referred suffering from diffuse pain emanating from the mandibular right quadrant. The second premolar (tooth 45) was diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. The radiographic examination revealed a dilacerated S-shaped root configuration, with 2 severe curvatures of <2 mm radius. Under local anaesthesia and rubber dam isolation, a glide path was created until a size 10 K-file reached working length. Instrumentation to larger size was achieved with a novel approach using controlled memory files. The controlled memory files were pre-curved and passively inserted below the curvature until maximum frictional resistance. The motor was activated by maintaining light apical pressure, and the files were withdrawn from the canal. This procedure was repeated until each file could reach the working length. Chemical disinfection was achieved with positive syringe irrigation of 6% NaOCl, followed by 17% EDTA rinsing and manual dynamic gutta-percha activation of the irrigants. Canal filling was achieved using the continuous wave of condensation technique and thermoplasticized injectable gutta-percha backfill. The postoperative radiography revealed that the initial canal anatomy of the dilacerated double-curved root canal was preserved.
From Dream to Discovery.

Here is a remarkable book. Every man who is planning to go into a career of science or medicine and would like to live a rich and interesting and useful life ought to be reading this volume, filled as it is with much wisdom that Selye has picked up along the way and a remarkable amount of wisdom which he has gathered from the scientific and philosophic literature of the world. His quotations from the literature are many, delightful, and very helpful. For instance, how true is Dr. Selye's quotation from Epictetus who said ages ago, "It is impossible for anyone to begin to learn what he thinks he already knows. " How often I have thought of this as I have read the writings of the students of Freud. The fact that so many of them have been so sure that they knew everything from the start has kept them
Procedimento de ladd para má rotação intestinal no adulto: relato de caso

abstraCt – Background – The differential diagnosis of the unconscious patient must always include hyperosmolar hyperglycemic non-ketotic hypothesis. Case report – A 22 year-old woman, ABO – O+ with history of fatigability and jaundice. Physical examination revealed a markedly jaundice patient. Fulminant hepatic failure was the diagnostic. Liver transplant was performed from a brain- dead cadaver donor with success. Arterial hepatic thrombosis was considered one week after liver transplant and confirmed with Doppler-US. The hepatic retransplant occurred without problems. After two days of liver transplant the serum glucose was 600 mg/dl and unconsciousness. Hyperosmolar coma was controlled and treated with succes for 48 h. The patient left the hospital after 30 days of liver transplantation without diabetes. Conclusion – Hyperosmolar coma is an rare event after liver transplant. The early recognition and treatment of this disorder should result in improvement of evolution. Headings – Liver transplantation. Hyperosmolar. Hyperglycemic.
Laser accelerated radiotherapy: is it on its way to the clinic?

radiation. Loma Linda (Calif.) University Medical Center oncologists are using protons to treat early stage lung cancers, pituitary adenomas, pediatric orbital and ocular tumors, acoustic neuromas, benign meningiomas, and prostate cancer. To target therapy and minimize tissue damage, radiation oncologists exploit a proton beam characteristic called the Bragg peak. A Bragg curve plots how ionizing radiation loses energy as it travels through matter, in this case, tissue. For accelerated protons, the energy curve peaks sharply as the particle stops, releasing its power like a well-placed punch. This so-called Bragg peak effect provides “normal tissue sparing superior to other radiotherapies,” said Albert Einstein’s Kalnicki.
Combined use of hyperthermia and radiation therapy for treating locally advanced cervical carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Hyperthermia is a type of cancer treatment in which body tissue is exposed to high temperatures to damage and kill cancer cells. It was introduced into clinical oncology practice several decades ago. Positive clinical results, mostly obtained in single institutions, resulted in clinical implementation albeit in a limited number of cancer centres worldwide. Because large scale randomised clinical trials (RCTs) are lacking, firm conclusions cannot be drawn regarding its definitive role as an adjunct to radiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced cervical carcinoma (LACC). OBJECTIVES To assess whether adding hyperthermia to standard radiotherapy for LACC has an impact on (1) local tumour control, (2) survival and (3) treatment related morbidity. SEARCH STRATEGY The electronic databases of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), (Issue 1, 2009) and Cochrane Gynaecological Cancer Groups Specialised Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, online databases for trial registration, handsearching of journals and conference abstracts, reviews, reference lists, and contacts with experts were used to identify potentially eligible trials, published and unpublished until January 2009. SELECTION CRITERIA RCTs comparing radiotherapy alone (RT) versus combined hyperthermia and radiotherapy (RHT) in patients with LACC. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Between 1987 and 2009 the results of six RCTs were published, these were used for the current analysis. MAIN RESULTS 74% of patients had FIGO stage IIIB LACC. Treatment outcome was significantly better for patients receiving the combined treatment (Figures 1 to 3). The pooled data analysis yielded a significantly higher complete response rate (relative risk (RR) 0.56; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39 to 0.79; p < 0.001), a significantly reduced local recurrence rate at 3 years (hazard ratio (HR) 0.48; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.63; p < 0.001) and a significanly better overall survival (OS) at three years following the combined treatment with RHT(HR 0.67; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.99; p = 0.05). No significant difference was observed in treatment related acute (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.30 to 3.31; p = 0.99) or late grade 3 to 4 toxicity (RR 1.01; CI 95% 0.44 to 2.30; p = 0.96) between both treatments. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The limited number of patients available for analysis, methodological flaws and a significant over-representation of patients with FIGO stage IIIB prohibit drawing definite conclusions regarding the impact of adding hyperthermia to standard radiotherapy. However, available data do suggest that the addition of hyperthermia improves local tumour control and overall survival in patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma without affecting treatment related grade 3 to 4 acute or late toxicity.
Changes in liver gluconeogenesis during the development of Walker‐256 tumour in rats

Few studies have investigated liver gluconeogenesis in cancer and there is no agreement as to whether the activity of this pathway is increased or decreased in this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate gluconeogenesis from alanine, pyruvate and glycerol, and related metabolic parameters in perfused liver from Walker‐256 tumour‐bearing rats on days 5 (WK5 group), 8 (WK8 group) and 12 (WK12 group) of tumour development. There was reduction (P < 0.05) of liver glucose production from alanine and pyruvate in WK5, WK8 and WK12 groups, which was accompanied by a decrease (P < 0.05) in oxygen consumption. Moreover, there was higher (P < 0.05) pyruvate and lactate production from alanine in the WK5 group and a marked reduction (P < 0.05) of pyruvate and urea production from alanine in the WK12 group. In addition, liver glucose production and oxygen consumption from glycerol were not reduced in WK5, WK8 and WK12 groups. Thus the, the results show inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis from alanine and pyruvate, but not from glycerol, on days 5, 8 and 12 of Walker‐256 tumour development, which can be attributed to the metabolic step in which the substrate enters the gluconeogenic pathway.
Smart home technologies for health and social care support.

BACKGROUND The integration of smart home technology to support health and social care is acquiring an increasing global significance. Provision is framed within the context of a rapidly changing population profile, which is impacting on the number of people requiring health and social care, workforce availability and the funding of healthcare systems. OBJECTIVES To explore the effectiveness of smart home technologies as an intervention for people with physical disability, cognitive impairment or learning disability, who are living at home, and to consider the impact on the individual's health status and on the financial resources of health care. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the following databases for primary studies: (a) the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) Group Register, (b) the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), (The Cochrane Library, issue 1, 2007), and (c) bibliographic databases, including MEDLINE (1966 to March 2007), EMBASE (1980 to March 2007) and CINAHL (1982 to March 2007). We also searched the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness (DARE). We searched the electronic databases using a strategy developed by the EPOC Trials Search Co-ordinator. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-experimental studies, controlled before and after studies (CBAs) and interrupted time series analyses (ITS). Participants included adults over the age of 18, living in their home in a community setting. Participants with a physical disability, dementia or a learning disability were included. The included interventions were social alarms, electronic assistive devices, telecare social alert platforms, environmental control systems, automated home environments and 'ubiquitous homes'. Outcome measures included any objective measure that records an impact on a participant's quality of life, healthcare professional workload, economic outcomes, costs to healthcare provider or costs to participant. We included measures of service satisfaction, device satisfaction and healthcare professional attitudes or satisfaction. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS One review author completed the search strategy with the support of a life and health sciences librarian. Two review authors independently screened titles and abstracts of results. MAIN RESULTS No studies were identified which met the inclusion criteria. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the current lack of empirical evidence to support or refute the use of smart home technologies within health and social care, which is significant for practitioners and healthcare consumers.
Intravitreal low molecular weight heparin and 5-Fluorouracil for the prevention of proliferative vitreoretinopathy following retinal reattachment surgery.

BACKGROUND Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a significant cause of failure in retinal reattachment surgery. Various pharmacological agents have shown potential benefit in reducing postoperative PVR risk. OBJECTIVES This review aimed to compare the use of intravitreal low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) alone or with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) versus placebo, as an adjunct in the prevention of PVR following retinal reattachment surgery. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL (which contains the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group Trials Register) (The Cochrane Library 2012, Issue 9), MEDLINE (January 1950 to October 2012), EMBASE (January 1980 to October 2012), the metaRegister of Controlled Trials (mRCT) (www.controlled-trials.com), ClinicalTrials.gov (www.clinicaltrials.gov) and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (www.who.int/ictrp/search/en). We did not use any date or language restrictions in the electronic searches for trials. We last searched the electronic databases on 15 October 2012. SELECTION CRITERIA We only included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared intravitreal LMWH alone or with 5-FU, versus placebo for the prevention of postoperative PVR in patients undergoing primary vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. The review authors contacted study authors for additional information. MAIN RESULTS We included two RCTs (with a total of 789 participants) comparing LMWH with 5-FU infusion and placebo. However, we did not perform a meta-analysis because of significant heterogeneity between these studies. One study found a significant beneficial effect of LMWH with 5-FU in reducing postoperative PVR compared to placebo (RR: 0.48, 95% confidence interval: 0.25 to 0.92), in 174 patients who were viewed at high-risk of developing postoperative PVR. The other study included 615 unselected cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and could not show a difference between LMWH with 5-FU infusion and placebo in reducing PVR rates (RR:1.45, 95% confidence interval: 0.76 to 2.76). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Results from this review indicate that there is inconsistent evidence from two studies on patients at different risk of PVR on the effect of LMWH and 5-FU used during vitrectomy to prevent PVR. Future research should be conducted on high risk patients only, until a benefit is confirmed at least in this patient subgroup.
Therapeutic reversal of chronic alcohol‐related steatohepatitis with the ceramide inhibitor myriocin

Alcohol‐related liver disease (ALD) is associated with steatohepatitis and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance impairs growth and disrupts lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. Dysregulated lipid metabolism promotes ceramide accumulation and oxidative stress, leading to lipotoxic states that activate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways and worsen inflammation and insulin resistance. In a rat model of chronic alcohol feeding, we characterized the effects of a ceramide inhibitor, myriocin, on the histopathological and ultrastructural features of steatohepatitis, and the biochemical and molecular indices of hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and ER stress. Myriocin reduced the severity of alcohol‐related steatohepatitis including the abundance and sizes of lipid droplets and mitochondria, inflammation and architectural disruption of the ER. In addition, myriocin‐mediated reductions in hepatic lipid and ceramide levels were associated with constitutive enhancement of insulin signalling through the insulin receptor and IRS‐2, reduced hepatic oxidative stress and modulation of ER stress signalling mechanisms. In conclusion, ceramide accumulation in liver mediates tissue injury, insulin resistance and lipotoxicity in ALD. Reducing hepatic ceramide levels can help restore the structural and functional integrity of the liver in chronic ALD due to amelioration of insulin resistance and ER stress. However, additional measures are needed to protect the liver from alcohol‐induced necroinflammatory responses vis‐à‐vis continued alcohol abuse.
Long‐term dexamethasone treatment alters the histomorphology of acinar cells in rat parotid and submandibular glands

Glucocorticoids (GCs) induce insulin resistance (IR), a condition known to alter oral homeostasis. This study investigated the effects of long‐term dexamethasone administration on morphofunctional aspects of salivary glands. Male Wistar rats received daily injections of dexamethasone [0.1 mg/kg body weight (b.w.), intraperitoneally] for 10 days (DEX), whereas control rats received saline. Subsequently, glycaemia, insulinaemia, insulin secretion and salivary flow were analysed. The parotid and submandibular glands were collected for histomorphometric evaluation and Western blot experiments. The DEX rats were found to be normoglycaemic, hyperinsulinaemic, insulin resistant and glucose intolerant (P < 0.05). DEX rat islets secreted more insulin in response to glucose (P < 0.05). DEX rats had significant reductions in the masses of the parotid (29%) and submandibular (16%) glands (P < 0.05) that was associated with reduced salivary flux rate. The hypotrophy in both glands observed in the DEX group was associated with marked reduction in the volume of the acinar cells in these glands of 50% and 26% respectively (P < 0.05). The total number of acinar cells was increased in the submandibular glands of the DEX rats (P < 0.05) but not in the parotid glands. The levels of proteins related to insulin and survival signalling in both glands did not differ between the groups. In conclusion, the long‐term administration of dexamethasone caused IR, which was associated with significant reductions in both mass and flux rate of the salivary glands. The parotid and submandibular glands exhibited reduced acinar cell volume; however, the submandibular glands displayed acinar hyperplasia, indicating a gland‐specific response to GCs. Our data emphasize that GC‐based therapies and insulin‐resistant states have a negative impact on salivary gland homeostasis.
New approaches in tail‐bleeding assay in mice: improving an important method for designing new anti‐thrombotic agents

This report describes a modified, simple, low‐cost and more sensitive method to determine bleeding patterns and haemoglobin concentration in a tail‐bleeding assay using BALB/c mice and tail tip amputation. The cut tail was immersed in Drabkin's reagent to promote erythrocyte lysis and haemoglobin release, which was monitored over 30 min. The operator was blinded to individual conditions of the mice, which were treated with either saline (NaCl 0.15m), DMSO (0.5%) or clinical anti‐thrombotic drugs. Our experimental protocols showed good reproducibility and repeatability of results when using Drabkin's reagent than water. Thus, the use of Drabkin's reagent offered a simple and low‐cost method to observe and quantify the bleeding and rebleeding episodes. We also observed the bleeding pattern and total haemoglobin loss using untreated animals or those under anti‐coagulant therapy in order to validate the new Drabkin method and thus confirm that it is a useful protocol to quantify haemoglobin concentrations in tail‐bleeding assay. This modified method provided a more accurate results for bleeding patterns in mice and for identifying new anti‐thrombotic drugs.
Foundations of Athletic Training: Prevention, Assessment, and Management

Section I Foundations of Sports Injury ManagementChapter 1 Sports Injury Management and the Athletic TrainerChapter 2 Preparticipation ExaminationChapter 3 Protective EquipmentChapter 4 Protective Taping and Bracing Section II Injury Assessment and RehabilitationChapter 5 Sports Injury AssessmentChapter 6 Tissue Healing and Wound CareChapter 7 Therapeutic ModalitiesChapter 8 Therapeutic Exercise Section III Axial RegionChapter 9 Head and Facial ConditionChapter 10 Spinal ConditionsChapter 11 Throat, Thorax, and Visceral Conditions Section IV Upper ExtremityChapter 12 Shoulder ConditionsChapter 13 Upper Arm, Elbow, and Forearm ConditionsChapter 14 Wrist and Hand Conditions Section V Lower ExtremityChapter 15 Pelvis, Hip and Thigh ConditionsChapter 16 Knee ConditionsChapter 17 Lower Leg, Ankle, and Foot Conditions Section VI Special ConsiderationsChapter 18 Environmental ConditionsChapter 19 Cardiovascular Conditions NEW! Chapter 20 Neurologic Conditions NEW! Chapter 21 Respiratory Tract ConditionsChapter 22 Gastrointestinal ConditionsChapter 23 Endocrine Conditions NEW! Chapter 24 Common Infectious DiseasesChapter 25 Conditions of the Female Athletic, Disabled Athlete, and Senior AthleteChapter 26 PharmacologyChapter 27 Dermatolog