Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modified With Short Hairpin RNA (shRNA) Constructs Targeting Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 (IGFBP-3) Improve Erectile Dysfunction in old Rats

Background: We have confirmed that injection of vector-based short hairpin RNA (shRNA) constructs targeting insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in penis in old rat can improve erectile function. The aim of this study is to further determine the feasibility of bone marrowe derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) genetically modified with shRNA constructs targeting IGFBP-3 on improving erectile function in the aged rat. Methods: 40 old (24 months) male rats were randomized divided into 4 groups: PBS-only, BM-MSC treatment and LV3-shIGFBP-3 engineered BM-MSC treatment group (n=10/group). Ten 5-month-old rats were used as the young group. Four weeks after transplantation, the erectile function was assessed by cavernosal nerve stimulation. The percent of smooth muscle in corpus cavernosum was evaluated by masson’s trichrome staining. IGFBP-3 expression was estimated by Western blot. The cavernous insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were analyzed after transplantation. Apoptosis in corpus cavernosum was measured using TUNEL and the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and concentration of guanosine 3’, 5’-cyclic-monophosphates (cGMP) in penile tissue were also analyzed. Results: Four weeks after intracavernous injection, BM-MSCs alone, especially LV3-shIGFBP-3 engineered BM-MSCs treatment rats had improvements in erectile function (p<0.05). The percentage of cavernosal smooth muscle was increased in BM-MSCs and LV3-shIGFBP-3 engineered BM-MSCs treatment group. IGFBP-3 protein expression was decreased obviously after injection of LV3-shIGFBP-3 engineered BM-MSCs. In addition, significant lower IGFBP-3 expression was associated with increased IGF-1 expression in LV3-shIGFBP-3 engineered BM-MSCs treatment rats although higher IGF-1 and VEGF concentrations were all determined after transplantation with BM-MSCs alone or BM-MSCs modified with LV3-shIGFBP-3. Lower levels of the apoptosis were also observed in the BM-MSCs and LV3-shIGFBP-3 engineered BM-MSCs treatment group. NOS activities and cGMP concentrations were also significantly increased after transplantation. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that BM-MSCs alone or genetically modified with LV3-shIGFBP-3 can improve diminished erectile responses in the aged rat partially by increasing the smooth muscle integrity, increasing secretion of IGF-1 and VEGF, inhibiting apoptosis and increasing the NOS activity and cGMP accumulation.
Search-based Test Data Generation for Mutation Testing: a tool for Python programs

Test data generation for mutation testing consists of identifying a set of inputs that maximizes the number of mutants killed. Mutation Testing is an excellent test criterion for detecting faults and measuring the effectiveness of test data sets. However, it is not widely used in practice due to the cost and complexity to perform some activities as generating test data. Although test suites can be produced and selected manually by a tester this practice is susceptible to errors and tools are needed to facilitate it. Several tools have been developed to automate mutation testing, but, only a few address the test data generation. The present paper proposes an automated test data generation tool based on weak mutation for Python programming language using the Hill Climbing algorithm. For evaluation, we performed an experiment concerning the effectiveness and cost computational of the tool in a database composed of 348 mutants and we compare it with random generation. Overall, the experiment achieved an average mutation score of 86% for our proposed tool and random testing 64% on average.
Donations in Humanitarian Operations: Earmarking, Competition, and Joint Fundraising

A staggering proportion of humanitarian donations are designated for a particular purpose, i.e., earmarked. While earmarking increases donors' willingness to donate, it hurts the operational performance of humanitarian organizations (HOs) because it restricts their flexibility to prioritize funding needs. Both low operational performance and high earmarking increase fundraising costs. We use game theory to model the interaction between multiple HOs and a market of donors. HOs decide their fundraising effort and the level of earmarking they offer to donors to maximize their utility as a function of operational performance, donations, and fundraising cost, subject to meeting a fundraising goal. Donors allocate their contributions among the competing HOs that contact them to maximize their utility. In addition to competition, we analyze two joint fundraising models: coalition funding, where HOs exert joint effort to contact donors and donors cannot earmark their donations to a specific HO; and collaborative funding, where HOs exert joint effort to contact donors and donors can earmark their donations to a specific HO. We find that competition for funding significantly contributes to the prevalence of earmarked donations in humanitarian operations. Alternatively, coalition funding eliminates the effect of competition on earmarking and results in the highest operational performance among all the fundraising models we study. When funding is abundant, a coalition also reduces fundraising costs. The combination of an increase in operational performance and reduction in fundraising costs result in a win-win outcome for all HOs on the coalition. However, intriguingly, when funding is severely scarce, a coalition may not always benefit HOs as they have the incentive to inflate their needs to receive a higher allocation of donations raised. In this case, we show that collaborative funding outperforms the other models even though it results in the highest earmarking and the lowest operational performance. We calibrate our results using the case of Haiti's 2010 earthquake. Depending on funding scarcity and the number of participating HOs, we identify conditions under which either coalition or collaborative funding would have maximized the utility of the HOs.
Studi tentang Faktor-Faktor Penentu Customer Loyalty pada Grabfood: Investigasi atas Perceived Value, Customer Satisfaction, dan Switching Cost

This research was conducted to test the determining factors of customer loyalty on Grabfood which include perceived value, customer satisfaction and switching cost. This research also tests the mediating role of customer satisfaction on the influence of perceived value on customer loyalty and tests the moderation role of switching cost on the influence of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty. The sampling method in this study is non-probability sampling through purposive sampling technique. The survey was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 160 respondents who had used the Grabfood application at least 3 times. The data is analyzed using macro process SPSS moderation mediation analysis. The results showed that perceived value and customer satisfaction affect customer loyalty, perceived value affects customer satisfaction, customer satisfaction mediates perceived value influence on customer loyalty, and switching cost does not moderate the influence of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty.
Brief ultraviolet irradiation before doffing may prevent transmission of infection due to COVID-19

The confirmed cases of COVID-19 is showing exponential increase every day. Healthcare workers throughout the work are giving their best to contain the spread of disease. COVID-19 has not only affected common people, but healthcare workers are also getting infected despite following full precaution. In this article we suggest that brief ultraviolet C irradiation before doffing may help to decrease the incidence of infection among healthcare workers due to error in doffing process.
Genome-Wide Identification of Histone Acetyltransferases and Deacetylases in Epiphytic Orchid Plant Dendrobium Catenatum

Background: Dendrobium catenatum is a kind of precious Traditional Chinese Medicine, and possesses unique developmental programs and epiphytic lifestyle. Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are responsible for maintenance of histone acetylation homeostasis, and they are widely involved in developmental regulation and stress responses via remodeling chromatin structure, but their biological functions in orchid plants remain largely unknown.Results: Here we identified 8 HAT genes and 14 HDAC genes from D. catenatum genome. We carried out phylogenetic construction, gene structure and domain architecture analysis of these D. catenatum HAT/HDAC (DcHAT/DcHDAC) proteins using the well-defined homologs from the model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa as references. DcHAT proteins can be classified into four families: GNAT family (3 members), MYST family (2), CBP family (2), and TAFII250 family (1), and DcHDAC proteins can be grouped into three families: RPD3/HDA1 family (10), SIR2 family (2), and HD2 family (2), in accordance with previously described classification. Cis-acting element analysis indicated that the promoter regions of DcHAT/DcHDAC genes contain diverse stress-responsive elements. Subcellular localization predictions suggested that DcHAT/DcHDAC proteins might be localized in nucleus or/and cytoplasm. Spatiotemporal expression profiling showed that DcHAT/DcHDAC genes generally exhibit either universal or specific expression pattern in different tissues and organs. Finally, stress response assay suggested drought treatment significantly represses the expression of DcHAG1 and DcHDA14, cold exposure evidently influences the expression of DcHAG1 and DcHDT1, and heat shock has a broad impact on the expression of DcHAT/DcHDAC genes.Conclusions: In this study, we reveal the identification and expression profiles of DcHATs and DcHDACs in epiphytic orchid plant D. catenatum, indicating their roles in the regulation of both long-term developmental programs and short-term stress responses. This study provides a foundation for in-depth functional excavation of HATs/HDACs associated with dynamic histone acetylation levels in orchids.
Speciation of Arsenic in Rice by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

ABSTRACT This study reports the optimization and validation of arsenic speciation of rice. Total arsenic was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid, and dimethyarsinic acid were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Methods using nitric acid and malonic acid were validated at various extraction conditions and mobile phase systems. The linear dynamic range, limit of detection, precision, fortification, and analysis of a white rice flour certified reference material (CRM-7503-a) were evaluated for quality assurance. The use of 5 mM malonic acid for extraction with an isocratic mobile phase was optimized for extraction time and temperature and employed for arsenic speciation in rice. The concentrations of total arsenic, arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid, and dimethyarsinic acid were low compared to the provisional tolerable weekly intakes specified by the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Joint Expert Committee on food additives and European food safety authority and thus do not pose a threat to consumers.
Comprehensive Approach toward Dehydration of tert-Butyl Alcohol by Extractive Distillation: Entrainer Selection, Thermodynamic Modeling and Process Optimization

Recently, tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) has emerged as a commercially competent reagent for biofuel production, but forms a minimum boiling azeotrope with water which restricts its applicability. This paper presents a comprehensive methodology for the dehydration of TBA by extractive distillation (ED). In entrainer selection, glycolic and ionic liquids were investigated followed by VLE measurements and thermodynamic modeling. On the basis of evaluated results, pseudobinary, isovolatility and equivolatility curves have been explored to rank accurately the selected entrainers. Triethylene glycol (TEG) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [emim][Cl] emerged as the most appropriate entrainer. Finally, the process design and optimization was carried out with the minimization of total annualized cost (TAC) as the objective function. The process economics demonstrated a notable reduction of 13.9% in the TAC for [emim][Cl] as compared to TEG as an entrainer for obtaining anhydrous TBA, thereby justifying the use o.
On planned time replacement of series-parallel system

This paper investigate some characteristics of the age replacement model with minimal repair, of series-parallel system with non-uniform failure rates and are subjected to two different types of failures, which are Type I and Type II failures. The six units of the system formed three subsystems, which are subsystems A, B and C. Subsystem A is having three parallel units, subsystem B is having a single unit and subsystem C is having two parallel units. We constructed age replacement model with minimal repair that will determine the optimal replacement time of the series-parallel system. Furthermore, we also considered some modifications of the age replacement model with minimal repair constructed. Finally, some numerical examples are given to illustrate the characteristics of the age replacement models with minimal repair constructed. From the results obtained, it was observed that the optimal replacement time of the system when the three units of A are in parallel is higher than when the three units of A are in series. It was also observed that, the optimal replacement time obtained from the standard age replacement model is higher than the optimal replacement time obtained from standard age replacement model with minimal repair.
Adopting a Public Health Lens: One Program's Story

The clinical practice of athletic training involves the daily application of public health (PH) principles and practices. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in understanding and promoting the intersections of athletic training and PH. The primary objective of this article is to share the path taken by the Oregon State University athletic training faculty to integrate PH perspectives into our work and provide examples of how this has affected our program, scholarly work, and service activities. Our college pursued and obtained accreditation from the Council for Education for Public Health. During the pursuit of accreditation, the college's leadership encouraged each academic program to integrate direct connections to PH. Our athletic training program embraced the administration's encouragement to adopt a PH lens and took definitive steps developing relationships and establishing collaborations with PH experts. Additionally, we started to establish approaches for infusing PH content and perspectives into our curriculum. Athletic training programs can position themselves and their students to forge partnerships and find resources, solutions, or skill sets that are currently underutilized in athletic training. The adoption of a PH lens by the athletic training program at Oregon State University has benefitted students and faculty. We recommend all athletic training programs explore opportunities to integrate PH into activities inside and outside of the classroom.
Research on Model, Experiment and Application of Gravity Valve

In this paper, two kinds of gravity valves are designed: copper bead gravity valve and hose gravity valve. Firstly, the stress distribution on the substrate of the gravity valve is simulated when the copper bead and the substrate of the gravity valve is in the non-touched, half-touched or full-touched states respectively, and the fluid leakage laws are also analyzed in the different states, by ABAQUS 6.16. The flow rate control effects of the copper bead gravity valve with different cone angle are measured and analyzed experimentally, and the optimal cone angle are obtained. Secondly, the cross-section shapes of the hose are compared and analyzed by FEA (Finite Element Analysis) for several kinds of hose gravity valve. It is concluded that the shuttle hose has the best performance. Then the shuttle hose gravity valve is made and its flow characteristics are measured and analyzed with different length of the hose. Finally, the two kinds of gravity valve are compared and applied. The copper bead gravity valve is used in chemical reaction self-driven rolling robot. The hose gravity valve is used to control the end of bending brake stably for the angle sensor, and the hose gravity valve can also be used to establish mechanical feedback loop to facilitate the flow rate control by the angle.
Cloud Point Extraction and Determination of Cyclopiazonic Acid and Tenuazonic Acid in Tomato Juice

Acloud point extraction as a preconcentration technique was developed for the determination of a tenuazonic and a cyclopiazonic acid in tomato juices. These mycotoxins were extracted and preconcentrated using Triton-X 114 as surfactant and determined by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The optimized extraction conditions were pH 2, 4% Triton X-114 (w/v), 1% KNO 3 (w/v), 50°C as the extraction temperature and 30 min for extraction time. The extraction recoveries were found as 40% and 95% for tenuazonic acid and cyclopiazonic acid, respectively. The linearity of the proposed method was in the concentration range of 10 to 2000 ng mL -1 for both mycotoxins.
Finite Larmor Radius contributions to anomalous transport in plasmas with stochastic magnetic fields

Anomaler Transport von geladenen Teilchen in stosbestimmten Plasmen wird auf der Basis der A-Langevin Gleichung untersucht, einer stochastischen Differentialgleichung fur die Geschwindigkeit, die sowohl zufallige Stose als auch ein korreliertes magnetisches Fluktuationsfeld enthalt. Im Gegensatz zu bisherigen Methoden die eine Guiding-center Naherung verwenden, wird hier die Gyration des Teilchens vollstandig beschrieben und somit der Einflus endlicher Larmor Radien miteinbezogen. Zwei verschiedene Approximationen werden verwendet um die Lagrangekorrelation des Magnetfelds zu bestimmen, die Corrsin Approximation und die Dekorrelations-Trajektorien-Methode. Die Corrsin Approximation ist gultig fur kleine Werte der Kubo-Zahl, einem Parameters der von den stochastischen Eigenschaften des Fluktuationsfeldes abhangt. Der quasilineare Grenzfall wird diskutiert und Korrekturen durch die Larmor Radien ermittelt. Das bekannte Rechester-Rosenbluth Regime wird analytisch hergeleitet und der Einflus der endlichen Larmor Radien im Detail analysiert. Zusatzliche Regime von Kadomtsev-Pogutse und das subdiffusive Regime folgen aus der A-Langevin Theorie und werden ebenfalls beschrieben. Eine spezielle Situation, die nur von einer Theorie beschrieben werden kann, die Gyration vollstandig beschreibt, liegt bei verschwindenden Fuhrungsfeldern vor. Im stosbestimmten Fall werden analytische Vorhersagen fur den Transport in solchen Regimen gegeben. Die zweite Naherungsmethode erweitert den Gultigkeitsbereich der Theorie auf grose Kubo Zahlen. Das damit verbundene Perkolationsregime wird im Detail beschrieben und eine deutliche Auswirkung der Larmor Radius Effekte dargelegt. Die analytischen Ergebnisse werden mit Monte-Carlo Simulationen der A-Langevin Gleichung bestatigt.
Production of baby corn influenced by Nitrogen application and crop geometry: A review

Baby corn is a short-term crop, with an unfertilized maize ear which is harvested within 2-3 days of silk emergence of the plant. It is a newly introduced crop in India and being a high-value and short-span crop (50-60 days) it has a good perspective in improving the financial status of the farmers. Advancement and standardization of agronomic practices are required before familiarizing the crop among farmers. Among different agro-techniques, crop geometry and Nitrogen application are considered as one of the most important factors to the production yield of crop. Nitrogen deficiency is a broad phenomenon its proper management is mandatory from a financial and environmental view. It is concluded in studies that the yield of crop increase with an increase in N rates but the optimum dose is dependent upon plant density. However response of the N application was different for quality and yield attributes. Plant density is another major aspect of the performance of baby corn. It is reported that quality attributes were much better in wider spacing due to a decrease in plant density. It is also reported that narrow spacing and increase in N application concurrently increase the yield attributes. More research studies are needed on the combined approach (Plant geometry and N application) in the baby corn can intensify yield and quality in baby corn. Optimization of both attributes is depended on location and season. However, economically effective and user’s friendly precision tools may be a feasible option for getting the real farm situation.
Footprint of Inexhaustible Energy Usage and Financial Development on Carbon Outrush of Eurasian Countries

Climate change has a menacing influence on the life and health of human beings; and environmental hallmarks for the future cohort. Carbon outrush has been attributed as the fundamental cause of global warming and change in the climate. In the retardation of carbon effusion, reciprocation between financial development and the utilization of clean energy have been revealed by empirical literature to perform a vital function. Thus, this study analyzed the footprint of inexhaustible (clean) energy usage and financial development on CO2 outrush of 10 Eurasian countries utilizing the PMG-ARDL (Pooled Mean Autoregressive distributive lag model) from 1990 to 2017. Yearly Panel data was collected from the 2019 version of the World Development Indicator of the World Bank. The output of the analysis revealed that clean energy has a negative substantial footprint on the CO2 outrush while financial development has a positive substantial footprint on carbon outrush in the Eurasian countries under study. This output implies that the hallmark of the Eurasian countries’ environment has greatly improved by utilizing clean energy and this has enhanced economic buoyancy. Therefore, we recommended that governments and policymakers in Eurasian countries in addition to enhancing the utilization of clean etymology of energy by firms and individual households should expedite the establishment of financial policies and funding that are eco-friendly.