Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Centralized Synchronous Controller Based on Load Angle Regulation for Photovoltaic Power Plants

The integration of renewable energies based on photovoltaic power plants (PVPPs) is increasing exponentially fast. In consequence, stability problems associated with the lack of inertia are becoming a serious concern. Transmission and distribution system operators are demanding more requirements in PV plants to provide grid functionalities in terms of frequency and voltage support. Therefore, power converters based on virtual synchronous controllers have been proposed to emulate the dynamic behavior of synchronous generators. Control strategies such as the synchronous power controller have been proposed for PV applications to fulfill this requirement. However, most of these control strategies are integrated locally as an add-on firmware embedded in each converter, providing the demanded support in their connection point. For PVPPs, the inherent synchronous characteristic is expected at the connection point with the electrical grid, which is not always the connection point of each power converter; thus, unexpected power support levels can be obtained. The aggregation of several power converters operating in a coordinated synchronous action would solve this issue, due to the fact that they can provide voltage and frequency support in a specific point. In this article, a centralized control strategy based on a synchronous central architecture is proposed. The control strategy emulates an aggregated synchronous control to regulate a PVPP as a coordinated system. The simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness of the control proposed.
A Piecewise Probabilistic Harmonic Model of Aggregate Residential Loads

Harmonics produced by residential loads have become an increasing concern in recent years due to the extensive adoption of power-electronic-based home appliances. Harmonic modeling of aggregate residential loads (ARLs) is of great significance since it is the prerequisite for harmonic evaluation and necessary mitigation measures in the residential areas. In this paper, a piecewise probabilistic harmonic model is proposed to analyze the aggregate harmonics of residential loads. Based on the field measurement data, a unified dominant harmonic coupled matrix model (UD-HCMM) is established. This model directly exhibits the coupled relationship between the harmonic voltages and currents of residential loads. In view of the random and fluctuating harmonic characteristics of home appliances, the multi-Gaussian curve fitting method is used to fit the UD-HCMM parameters. Thereafter, the probabilistic UD-HCMMs are reconstructed using the Newton-Raphson method. Finally, a piecewise UD-HCMM is derived to characterize the time-varying harmonics of ARLs. The accuracy and validity of the proposed method are verified through simulations and field measurements. In addition, the proposed method is applied to evaluate the harmonics of a medium voltage distribution system with massive residential loads.
Chemical Defense and the Persistence of Pioneer Plant Seeds in the Soil of a Tropical Cloud Forest

We present evidence that differences in soil seedbank persistence among pioneer plants in the cloud forest of Monteverde, Costa Rica, are influenced by differences in seed chemical defense. We used extracted seed chemicals from Bocconia frutescens (Papaveraceae), Guettarda poasana (Rubiaceae), Phytolacca rivinoides (Phytolaccaceae), Urera elata (Urticaceae), Cecropia polyphlebia (Cecropiaceae), and Witheringia meiantha (Solanaceae) to assess seed chemical defense in two ways: (1) a plant pathogen inhibition assay using Pythium irregulare; and (2) a brine shrimp toxicity assay using Artemia salina. The combined performance of each species in the two assays positively correlated with seedbank persistence. In the pathogen assay, mycelium growth was reduced when Pythium was cultured on media containing seed extracts from the three species with the greatest seed longevity in the soil (i.e., Bocconia, Guettarda, and Phytolacca). Bocconia, the most persistent species, was the only species that contained chemicals toxic to brine shrimp, an indication of defense against arthropods. We focused on Bocconia defense by isolating the chemicals toxic to brine shrimp and identified them as dihydrosanguinarine, dihydrochelirubine, and dihydrochelerthrine. We found these alkaloids in Bocconia seeds at much higher concentrations (∼50 mg/g seed material) than in leaves. These chemicals are likely responsible for the exceptional longevity of Bocconia seeds in the soil. Phytolacca and Guettarda seeds also remain viable in the soil for long periods probably due to antipathogen chemicals detected in our analyses. In contrast, the species that do not persist (i.e., Urera, Cecropia, and Witheringia) lacked seed defensive chemicals in our assays.
Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and Trade Balance in East Asia: A Panel Data Approach

The purpose of this work is to study the effects energy consumption, economic growth and trade balance in the East Asian countries. Using a panel data analysis in the period over 1996-2015, the study analyzes based on the methods of fixed, random effects, and pooled ordinary least squares. The data were collected from World Development Indicators, Department of Statistics in relevant countries used in the study. Our results demonstrate that energy consumption has negatively affected trade balance while economic growth that can negatively affect the balance of trade but insignificant. Further, the prime factors that can significantly impact trade balance are exports, exchange rates and development level. Both exports and exchange rates have positive and significant impacted on trade balance. Finally, a country with a higher level of domestic income will certainly perform a higher level of trade balance.
Fast and accurate algorithms for quadratic phase integrals in optics and signal processing

The class of two-dimensional non-separable linear canonical transforms is the most general family of linear canonical transforms, which are important in both signal/image processing and optics. Application areas include noise filtering, image encryption, design and analysis of ABCD systems, etc. To facilitate these applications, one need to obtain a digital computation method and a fast algorithm to calculate the input-output relationships of these transforms. We derive an algorithm of NlogN time, N being the space-bandwidth product. The algorithm controls the space-bandwidth products, to achieve information theoretically sufficient, but not redundant, sampling required for the reconstruction of the underlying continuous functions.
Ecophysiological Shade Adaptation in the Basal Angiosperm, Austrobaileya scandens (Austrobaileyaceae)

Austrobaileya scandens, the sole species of the family Austrobaileyaceae, has been the subject of renewed interest following its placement near the root of the extant angiosperm phylogenetic tree. We present field observations on the growth habit, leaf anatomy, and physiological performance (photosynthesis and stem xylem hydraulics) of Austrobaileya from a premontane rain forest in northern Queensland. Austrobaileya scandens appears to possess functional characters that are commonly associated with flowering plants and ferns adapted to low light, including absence of palisade mesophyll tissue, low leaf photosynthetic rates, and possibly strong reliance on vegetative reproduction for recruitment. Also in line with many but not all shade‐tolerant species, the photosynthetic apparatus of A. scandens expressed little physiological ability to upregulate CO2 assimilation rate to increased light availability under greenhouse conditions. Broadly, these features appear to contribute to increasing the collection of light for photosynthesis under light‐limiting conditions and the establishment and persistence in forest understory habitats. The ecology and physiology of A. scandens is different from hypotheses that the earliest angiosperms were early‐successional xeric shrubs, disturbance‐loving herbs characterized by high capacity for photosynthesis and water transport, or aquatic herbs. Our observations of A. scandens, in the context of other early‐diverging lineages of flowering plants, indicate that first angiosperms were woody plants that exploited wet, relatively dark and disturbed (albeit at small scales) habitats.
An equivalent incident light model for multiple scattering and polarization neutral point of skylight

The symmetry breaking in the skylight polarization pattern is caused by the shape of the atmosphere and multi-scattering. We analyzed the physical processes of multi-scattering and found out that when neutral points split from two into four there should be an altitude shift of the center of polarization pattern. The altitude shift could be positively related to the split angle of the neutral point, which would reduce the accuracy of polarization navigation based on the single scattering model. To quantify the positive relationship which is useful for error correction in navigation, the Monte-Carlo method was used to simulate the multiple scattering processes of sunlight. The simulation results show that the split angle of the neutral point is in direct proportion to the altitude shift angle. Experimental data from Horvath also show the proportional relation. According to the simulation results and experimental data, an equivalent incident light model was established to explain the proportional relation which could be used in sunlight navigation.
Organisational quality of ESL argumentative essays and its influence on pre-service teachers’ judgments

Abstract Assessing student writing is a complex task and experimental studies have shown that textual determinants, such as spelling or vocabulary, affect teachers’ judgments of other analytic criteria in student essays. Among these elements, organisation has not been extensively explored. This experimental study examines how organisational quality influences teacher judgments of ESL student texts in order to obtain a comprehensive overview of important determinants in the assessment process. Pre-service English teachers (N = 53) in Switzerland and Germany assessed four argumentative essays of two different overall text qualities in which two organisational features had been manipulated in terms of cohesive devices and paragraphing. Findings show that texts with higher organisational quality were assessed more positively concerning all analytic scales than texts with low organisational quality, indicating halo effects. In addition, an interaction effect was found between overall text quality and organisational quality, suggesting that the effect of organisational quality was stronger when overall text quality was low. This study sheds new light on the interaction between individual text features in the assessment of complex learner texts. Practical implications regarding essay assessment in teacher education are discussed.
Functional Analysis of a Histidine Auxotrophic Mutation in Gibberella zeae

A plant pathogenic fungus, Gibberella zeae (anamorph: Fusarium graminearum), not only generates economic losses by causing disease on cereal grains, but also leads to severe toxicosis in human and animals through the production of mycotoxins in infected plants. Here, we characterized a histidine auxotrophic mutant of G. zeae, designated Z43R1092, which was generated using a restriction enzyme-mediated integration (REMI) procedure. The mutant exhibited pleiotropic phenotypic changes, including a reduction in mycelial growth and virulence and loss of sexual reproduction. Outcrossing analysis confirmed that the histidine auxotrophy is linked to the insertional vector in Z43R1092. Molecular analysis showed that the histidine requirement of Z43R1092 is caused by a disruption of an open reading frame, designated GzHIS7. The deduced product of GzHIS7 encodes a putative enzyme with an N-terminal glutamine amidotransferase and a C-terminal cyclase domain, similar to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HIS7 required for histidine biosynthesis. The subsequent gene deletion and complementation analyses confirmed the functions of GzHIS7 in G. zeae. This is the first report of the molecular characterization of histidine auxotrophy in G. zeae, and our results demonstrate that correct histidine biosynthesis is essential for virulence, as well as sexual development, in G. zeae. In addition, our results could provide a G. zeae histidine auxotroph as a recipient strain for genetic transformation using this new selectable marker.
A high-level and adaptive metaheuristic selection algorithm for solving high dimensional bound-constrained continuous optimization problems

Metaheuristic algorithms are used to find sufficiently good solutions for the optimization problems that are not solvable in a polynomial time. Although metaheuristics offer a general problem-solving framework and can be applied to various types of optimization problems, their performances depend heavily on the problem to be solved. Thus, hybrid metaheuristics are used to combine strong parts of different algorithms. In this study, a novel adaptive metaheuristic selection algorithm is proposed for solving bound-constrained continuous optimization problems. The developed method hybridizes artificial bee colony, differential evolution, and particle swarm optimization at a high level where each algorithm works independently from each other. As a main contribution to the literature, adaptive selection at metaheuristic level among these three algorithms is achieved by using a rank-based credit assignment and UCB1 multiarmed bandit selection. The effectiveness of the developed algorithm has been evaluated on CEC'17 standard benchmark functions. The obtained numerical results indicate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the individual metaheuristics on which it is built and is more effective especially in high dimensional problems. It is also shown that the proposed algorithm is highly comparable with the related algorithms in the literature. Lastly, a case study that achieves adaptive selection of two good-performing algorithms namely, covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy and JADE for the benchmark used in this study supports the effectiveness of the proposed method.
COMBINATION UV-VIS SPECTROSCOPY AND PARTIAL LEAST SQUARE FOR DETECTING ADULTERATION PARACETAMOL AND PIROXICAM IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINES

An analytical method based on combination UV-Vis spectroscopy and chemometric was developed for detecting commonly listed adulterants such as paracetamol and piroxicam simultaneously in traditional medicines. No complex sample preparation and separation are required except grinding, dissolving, and filtering. The spectral interferences were resolved by multivariate techniques. Wavelengths selection and number of components optimization were performed by a combination of Genetic Algorithm and Partial Least Square (GA-PLS) followed by backward elimination through Jack-Knife Partial Least Square Regression (JK-PLSR). The capability PLSR model for quantitative analysis was assessed from the coefficient of determination (R 2 ) and root mean square of error prediction/cross-validation (RMSEP/RMSECV) dan predicted residual sum of square (PRESS). Classification performance of PLS Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) was evaluated from the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCC). For ensuring the sensitivity of the method, the detection limits from the two pseudo-univariate lines were estimated. The R 2 , RMSEP, RMSECV, AUROCC, and detection limit obtained from the selected models of paracetamol and piroxicam were >0.999, <0.25 mg/L, <0.15 mg/L, 100%, and <0.4 mg/L respectively. Therefore, the proposed method is suitable for the rapid screening of adulterated herbal medicine.
Low harmonic 12-pulse rectifier with a circulating current shaping circuit

This paper proposes a four-star 12-pulse diode rectifier with a circulating current shaping circuit CCSC on the DC side to decrease the input current harmonics effectively. The type of circulating current that can eliminate the input current harmonics is analysed and its waveform parameters are derived. The effects of triangular circulating current on the harmonics of the input current are analysed, and the harmonic suppression mechanism of the triangular circulating current is revealed. This scheme has excellent harmonic suppression capability, and the capacity of CCSC is only 2.35% of output power of the 12-pulse rectifier. Thus, this scheme is cost effective for high power applications. The experimental results confirm the theoretical analysis and near sinusoidal input current is obtained.
A Structured Cleaving Mesh for Bioheat Transfer Application

Goal: The thermoregulation mechanism is a complex system that executes vital processes in the human body. Various models have been proposed to simulate the thermoregulatory response of an adult human to environmental stimuli. However, these models generally rely on stylized phantoms that lack the anatomical details of voxel phantoms used in radiation dosimetry and shielding research. The goal of this work is to introduce voxel phantoms to thermoregulation research by modeling the physical energy exchange between tissue and its surroundings, discuss a specific challenge associated with voxel phantoms, propose a method to address this challenge, and demonstrate its application. Method: One of the major challenges in using voxel phantoms is the stair-step effect on the surface of the voxelized domain. This effect causes over-estimation of surface area, accurate knowledge of which is critical for modeling heat exchanging systems. A methodology to generate a voxel domain from medical imaging data and reduce error in the surface area caused by the stair-step effect is presented. The methodology, based on a structured mesh and finite-volume method, is demonstrated with tumors generated from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of mice. Results: The methodology discussed in the paper shows a decrease in surface area over-estimation from 50% to 15% for a sphere and 47% to 17% for tumor models generated directly from MRI scans. Conclusion: This work provides a direct method to generate a smoother domain from medical imaging data and reducing surface area error in a voxelized domain. The technique presented is independent of domain material, including tissue type, and can be extended to any homogeneous or inhomogeneous domain. The increase in surface area accuracy obtained by smoothing the voxel domain results in more accurate temperature estimates in heat transfer simulation.
High breeding performance of European Rollers Coracias garrulus in heterogeneous farmland habitat in southern Hungary

Capsule Rollers showed slightly higher breeding performance in farmland mosaics than in natural grasslands in southern Hungary, where both habitats were supplied with nest-boxes. Aim To establish which factors affect Rollers’ breeding success in agricultural and their more traditional grassland habitats. Methods Rollers’ reproductive success in farmland mosaics and grassland habitats were compared. Laying date, clutch size, feeding rate, as well as prey abundance and diversity, as estimated by sweep netting and pitfall trapping, were evaluated. Their effects on breeding performance were analysed by generalized linear models. Results In the agricultural habitat Rollers showed an even higher reproductive output than in their traditional habitat of natural grassland. Prey composition showed differences between the two habitats, with the lower abundance of orthopterans in farmland mosaics being substituted by the higher abundance of coleopterans and the diversity of arthropods (Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Heteroptera, Arachnida, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Homoptera, Mantidae, Myrmeleonidae and Odonata). Conclusion Rollers can reproduce well where good quality resources are available, even outside of their typical habitat, where nest-box erection schemes may benefit this threatened species.
Role of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) slime of plant pathogenic bacteria in protecting cells to reactive oxygen species

Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, a phytopathogenic bacterium, seemed very sensitive in planta to the adverse action of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by two chemical systems. The disease symptoms in host plants were also suppressed by ROS. Several other plant pathogenic bacteria (P. syringae pv. pisi, Erwinia amylovora, Xanthomonas campestris pv. pelargonii) as well as P. fluorescens were also sensitive in vitro to the inhibiting or killing action of ROS. It was shown that O 2 . - and H 2 O 2 were produced in our two chemical systems and were involved in the killing action. OH° however was not involved in the adverse action on bacteria of the ROS. Superoxide dismutase and catalase were able to reverse the killing action of ROS. When the EPS slime around bacteria was removed by washing and centrifuging the cells, bacteria were more sensitive to ROS. However, when the cells of EPS - mutants were washed and centrifuged, their sensitivity to the killing action of ROS did not change because the lack of slime around the mutant cells. The EPS- Tn5 mutants of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola and the natural EPS- mutant of E. amylovora were more sensitive to ROS than the wild type strains. These results support the idea that the EPS slime protects bacteria from ROS (O 2.- and H 2 O 2 ).
Olfactory responses from a marine elasmobranch, the atlantic stingray, Dasyatis sabina

Underwater electro‐olfactogram (EOG) responses were recorded from the olfactory organ of the Atlantic stingray, Dasyatis sabina. Amino acids were shown to be effective stimuli with thresholds determined to be between 10−6 and 10−8 M. The five most stimulatory compounds tested were l‐glutamic acid γ methylester, l‐ethionine, l‐serine, l‐glutamic acid, and l‐methionine. The D‐isomer of alanine was much less stimulatory than the l‐isomer. The EOG response magnitude increased exponentially with logarithmic increase (spanning 4–5 log units) of stimulus concentration. Due to shunting of signals by the highly conductive seawater, response magnitudes to 10−3 Ml‐alanine averaged only 0.2 mV, approximately 40 to 50 times less than the magnitude seen at the same concentration in a freshwater fish.
Hydrochemical Characteristics Jointly Determine the Transport and Cycling of Soil Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in an Arid Chinese Wetland

Salt accumulation gradually changes the cycling of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) and may even transform sinks into sources in arid wetlands. However, it's not clear how hydrochemical characteristics affect the wetland's source or sink function or how they affect C, N, and P cycling in arid regions. To clarify these relationships, we conducted field measurement in arid northern China. We simulated the variations of hydrochemical characteristics and the storage and stoichiometry of C, N, and P using the process‐based DeNitrification‐DeComposition (DNDC) and Hydrus‐1D models. The meteorological and hydrological processes had obvious characteristics of seasonal and interannual changes. The measured evapotranspiration averaged 660.23 and 587.94 mm year−1 in the saltmarsh and riparian wetlands, respectively. The soil showed a clear trend with higher SO42−, Na+, Ca2+, and Cl− fractions in comparison with lower Mg2+, K+, and HCO3− fractions, with the major ion and nutrient concentrations gradually decreasing with increasing depth in the soil. The major ion types had characteristics of Na+‐Ca2+‐SO42−‐Cl− in the saltmarsh wetland and riparian wetland. The storage of total C, N, and P were 372.72 ± 66.52 t C/hm2, 10.92 ± 2.59 t N/hm2, and 17.55 ± 1.54 t P/hm2 in the saltmarsh wetland versus 119.72 ± 27.88 t C/hm2, 4.38 ± 1.24 t N/hm2, and 13.17 ± 1.46 t P/hm2 in the riparian wetland. Therefore, wetland salinization in our study led to increased soil C, N, and P contents and storage and thereby enhanced the sink function of the wetlands.