Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vaccinia-Virus-Based Vaccines Are Expected to Elicit Highly Cross-Reactive Immunity to the 2022 Monkeypox Virus

Beginning in May 2022, a novel cluster of monkeypox virus infections was detected in humans. This virus has spread rapidly to non-endemic countries, sparking global concern. Specific vaccines based on the vaccinia virus (VACV) have demonstrated high efficacy against monkeypox viruses in the past and are considered an important outbreak control measure. Viruses observed in the current outbreak carry distinct genetic variations that have the potential to affect vaccine-induced immune recognition. Here, by investigating genetic variation with respect to orthologous immunogenic vaccinia-virus proteins, we report data that anticipates immune responses induced by VACV-based vaccines, including the currently available MVA-BN and ACAM2000 vaccines, to remain highly cross-reactive against the newly observed monkeypox viruses.
Physics of complex and supermolecular fluids

The authors present a collection of papers from the International Symposium on Complex and Supermolecular Fluids presents tutorials and minireviews focusing on the physical properties of complex fluids using the concepts and techniques of condensed matter physics. The book stresses the unifying principles, rather than chemical details, behind the physics of diverse materials. Principal topics include colloids, microemulsions, ferrofluids, and micellar systems. It characterizes supermolecular and complex fluids by exploiting their analogies to atomic systems.
The cohesion of National and Cultural networks during periods of stress

Human beings tend to organize themselves in groups. These groups need to be robust to enable effective cooperation among individuals. According to some researchers (Ostrom, 1990; Suárez et al., 2011), a collective group identity based on shared cultural symbols, a shared religion or a common language is key to foster cooperation. To investigate this hypothesis, data was extracted from Twitter and two network graphs (the nodes were Twitter users and the links were the relationships among users) were created around two Spanish political parties during the 2017 Catalan elections, Ciudadanos and Podemos. On the one hand, the members of Ciudadanos’ network shared ideological positioning and cultural collective identity (they identified themselves with Spanish cultural symbols). On the other hand, Podemos’ members in the network shared ideological positioning but not a cultural identity (some of Podemos’ users identified with Catalan symbols and others with Spanish symbols). The results of different network cohesion metrics (e.g., Clustering Coefficient and Average Distance) show that Ciudadanos’ network was more cohesive than Podemos’ one.
Ion‐Ion Cross‐Field Instability of Lower Hybrid Waves in the Inner Coma of Comet 67P

We show that an ion‐ion cross‐field streaming instability between cold newborn cometary ions and heated heavy ions that were picked up upstream is likely a contributing source of observed lower hybrid (LH) waves in the inner coma of comet 67P/Churyumov‐Gerasimenko. Electric field oscillations in the LH frequency range are common here, and have previously been attributed mainly to the lower‐hybrid drift instability, driven by gradients associated with observed local density fluctuations. However, the observed wave activity is not confined to such gradients, nor is it always strongest there. Thus, other instabilities are likely needed as well to explain the observed wave activity. Several previous works have shown the existence of multiple populations of cometary ions in the inner coma of 67P, distinguished by differences in mass, energy and/or flow direction. We here examine two selected time intervals in October and November 2015, with substantial wave activity in the LH frequency range, where we identify two distinct cometary ion populations: a bulk population of locally produced, predominantly radially outflowing ions, and a more tenuous population picked up further upstream and accelerated back toward the comet by the solar wind electric field. These two populations exhibit strong relative drifts (∼20 km/s, or about five times the pickup ion thermal velocity), and we perform an electrostatic dispersion analysis showing that conditions should be favorable for LH wave generation through the ion‐ion cross‐field instability.
Human Fc-Conjugated Receptor Binding Domain-Based Recombinant Subunit Vaccines with Short Linker Induce Potent Neutralizing Antibodies against Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Variants

The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has been ongoing since December 2019, with more than 6.3 million deaths reported globally as of August 2022. Despite the success of several SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, the rise in variants, some of which are resistant to the effects of vaccination, highlights the need for a so-called pan-coronavirus (universal) vaccine. Here, we performed an immunogenicity comparison of prototype vaccines containing spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) residues 319–541, or spike protein regions S1, S2 and S fused to a histidine-tagged or human IgG1 Fc (hFC) fragment with either a longer (six residues) or shorter (three residues) linker. While all recombinant protein vaccines developed were effective in eliciting humoral immunity, the RBD-hFc vaccine was able to generate a potent neutralizing antibody response as well as a cellular immune response. We then compared the effects of recombinant protein length and linker size on immunogenicity in vivo. We found that a longer recombinant RBD protein (residues 319–583; RBD-Plus-hFc) containing a small alanine linker (AAA) was able to trigger long-lasting, high-titer neutralizing antibodies in mice. Finally, we evaluated cross-neutralization of wild-type and mutant RBD-Plus-hFc vaccines against wild-type, Alpha, Beta, Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants. Significantly, at the same antigen dose, wild-type RBD-Plus-hFc immune sera induced broadly neutralizing antibodies against wild-type, Alpha, Beta, Delta and Omicron variants. Taken together, our findings provide valuable information for the continued development of recombinant protein-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and a basic foundation for booster vaccinations to avoid reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Direction of arrival estimation for nonuniform linear arrays by using array interpolation

A new approach is proposed for DOA estimation in nonuniform linear arrays (NLA) based on array interpolation. A Wiener formulation is presented to improve the condition number of the mapping matrix as well as the performance for noisy observations. Noniterative and iterative methods for DOA estimation are proposed. These methods use an initial DOA which is then significantly improved by the subsequent processing. Partially augmentable nonredundant arrays (PANA) and partly filled NLA (PFNLA) are considered and initial DOA is found in a different manner for each of these arrays. PANA are used for noncoherent sources whereas PFNLA are employed when the sources are coherent. Array interpolation is used to map the sample covariance matrix of the NLA to the covariance matrix of a uniform linear array (ULA) with the same aperture size and root‐MUSIC is employed as a fast subspace algorithm for DOA estimation. Proposed methods overcome some of the limitations of the conventional array interpolation. DOA estimation problem is considered for correlated and coherent sources. Proposed approaches are compared with two previous methods as well as the spectral MUSIC and root‐MUSIC algorithms applied on the NLA and ULA, respectively. It is shown that DOA performance is significantly improved for a wide variety of DOA scenarios.
Astragalus membranaceus and Salvia miltiorrhiza Ameliorate Hypertensive Renal Damage through lncRNA-mRNA Coexpression Network

lncRNAs and mRNA are closely associated with hypertensive renal damage, and Astragalus membranaceus and Salvia miltiorrhiza (AS) have a therapeutic effect; however, the mechanism of AS to ameliorate hypertensive renal damage through the co-expression network of lncRNA-mRNA was unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of AS regulated the coexpression network of lncRNA-mRNA in improving hypertensive renal damage. Sixteen 24-week old spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) were randomly divided into model group (M) and drug intervention group (AS, 5.9 g/kg), 8 Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) of the same age as normal group (N). The treatment of rats was 4 weeks. Detecting the change of blood pressure, renal pathology and renal function related indicators, and lncRNA and mRNA sequencing and joint analysis was performed on the kidney. AS reduced blood pressure; decreased urine NAG, urine mALB, serum CysC, and IL-6; and improved renal pathology compared with group M. Simultaneously, AS reversed the disordered expression of 178 differential expression (DE) mRNAs and 237 DE-lncRNAs in SHRs, and their joint analysis showed that 13 DE-mRNAs and 32 DE-lncRNAs were coexpressed. Further analysis of 13 coexpressed DE-mRNAs showed negative regulation of blood pressure and fatty acid beta-oxidation was highly enriched in GO pathways, PPAR signaling pathway was highly enriched in KEGG pathways, and the verification related to these pathways was also highly consistent with the sequence. AS can alleviate hypertensive renal damage through the coexpression network of lncRNA-mRNA, of which coexpressed 13 DE-mRNAs and 32 DE-lncRNAs were the important targets, and the pathway negative regulation of blood pressure, fatty acid beta-oxidation, and PPAR signaling pathway play a major regulatory role.
Jumping Leidenfrost droplets Master Thesis

A leidenfrost droplet forms when a liquid droplet is placed on a very hot surface. In the case that there is a thin layer of insulating material as a step on the substrate, under specific conditions Leidenfrost droplets interact with the edge of the step. The result of this interaction is sometimes lateral detachment or jumping from the surface. Specifically, the best jumping can be observed when liquid nitrogen droplets move on a brass substrate with a piece of plastic tape as a step. This thesis experimentally studies the specific physics of the jumping process. We examined the effect of the step material, liquid property and the step height on the jumping process. We hypothesize that the Marangoni effect, due to thermal gradients contributes to this type of motion. This is evident by comparing the estimated Marangoni flow and measurement flow rate.
Utilization of Animal Solid Waste for Electricity Generation in the Northwest of Iran 3E Analysis for One-Year Simulation

Today, the use of renewable energy is increasing day by day. The most susceptible to renewable energy is biomass energy because it depends directly on the size of the population and does not have the problems of other renewable energies such as lack of access day and night and constant change throughout the year. For this reason, animal solid waste has been used in the research to supply electrical energy to the study area. In this regard, the amount of animal waste is considered as a source of biomass input energy. HOMER software was used to simulate the system under study. To better compare the competitiveness of this energy, photovoltaic systems and wind turbines have been used as different scenarios of electrical energy production in the study area. The results of scenario analysis showed that in all designed systems, the highest amount of energy production was in July and was related to the hottest season of the year. Among hybrid systems, the biomass system has a higher priority than other systems due to the minimum cost of energy production and total net present cost (NPC). The amount of exhaust gas from the biomass system reached 53.5 kg/yr and the biomass-wind and biomass-wind-solar systems reached 52.5 kg/yr and 52.2 kg/yr, respectively. The surplus generated electricity also increases from 2.91% to 6.65% from the biomass-wind system to the biomass-with-solar system.
Biyomalzeme Uygulamaları İçin Sürdürülebilir Kaynaklardan Biyopolimerlerin İzolasyonu ve Saflaştırma Adımları

In the study carried out, obtaining environmentally friendly biopolymers from sustainable sources and their usability as biomaterials were investigated. For this purpose, collagen from bovine achilles tendon, fibroin from silkworm cocoon, sodium alginate from brown sea algae and bioactive components from gel of aloe vera were isolated and purified. Product efficiency were calculated as 79.8% (w/w), 69,49% (w/w from cocoons), 35.1% (w/w) and 1% (w/v dry weight in gel) for collagen, fibroin, sodium alginate and aloe vera, respectively. Tissue scaffolds were prepared from these biomolecules by freeze drying method. However, aloe vera gel could not maintain the structural integrity in solid form and could not form a 3-dimensional scaffold. FTIR analyzes of fibroin, collagen and sodium alginate scaffolds showed that the products were obtained pure and the chemical structure was preserved during lyophilization. Surface analyzes with SEM, on the other hand, supported that the scaffolds are suitable for tissue engineering applications. As a result, it was determined that bioactive polymers were obtained from sustainable sources, generally at room conditions, with high yield, instead of petroleum-derived polymers, and they could be used as biomaterials. Obtaining biomolecules from sustainable sources in this way has significant potential in solving both the raw material problem and the environmental pollution caused by polymers.
Spatial–Temporal Urban Mobility Pattern Analysis During COVID-19 Pandemic

In response to the repeated outbreaks of the COVID-19, many countries implement the region-specific, multilevel epidemic prevention and control policies. To fully understand the impact of these interventions on urban mobility, it is urgent to analyze spatial–temporal mobility pattern at the neighborhood level and structural changes in urban mobility networks. Here, we construct urban mobility networks among points of interest (POIs), using large-scale anonymous mobility data from de-identified mobile phone users. We comprehensively investigate the changes of urban mobility networks during two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Beijing from both graph and subgraph perspectives. Beyond an overall mobility reduction in Beijing, we find that the mobility change is spatially and temporally heterogeneous among different urban regions. We uncover a disproportionately large reduction in long-distance, nighttime, and non-essential travel. This results in a more geographically fragmented, local, and regional network in the pandemic. We demonstrate that these structural changes slow down the spatial spread of the COVID-19 in the mobility network.
Probiotic-Based Intervention in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: Conventional and New Approaches

Although there are number of available therapies for ulcerative colitis (UC), many patients are unresponsive to these treatments or experience secondary failure during treatment. Thus, the development of new therapies or alternative strategies with minimal side effects is inevitable. Strategies targeting dysbiosis of gut microbiota have been tested in the management of UC due to the unquestionable role of gut microbiota in the etiology of UC. Advanced molecular analyses of gut microbiomes revealed evident dysbiosis in UC patients, characterized by a reduced biodiversity of commensal microbiota. Administration of conventional probiotic strains is a commonly applied approach in the management of the disease to modify the gut microbiome, improve intestinal barrier integrity and function, and maintain a balanced immune response. However, conventional probiotics do not always provide the expected health benefits to a patient. Their benefits vary significantly, depending on the type and stage of the disease and the strain and dose of the probiotics administered. Their mechanism of action is also strain-dependent. Recently, new candidates for potential next-generation probiotics have been discovered. This could bring to light new approaches in the restoration of microbiome homeostasis and in UC treatment in a targeted manner. The aim of this paper is to provide an updated review on the current options of probiotic-based therapies, highlight the effective conventional probiotic strains, and outline the future possibilities of next-generation probiotic and postbiotic supplementation and fecal microbiota transplantation in the management of UC.
Improved Pulley Set-Based Force Sensing Mechanism Used in a Cable-Driven Exoskeleton Under Nonlinear Framework

Cable-driven exoskeletons are widely used for rehabilitation training and have advantage of being light-weight and low power. In human-machine tasks, the measurement of interactive force is important. Measuring the cable tension is a direct solution to obtain interactive force. For coupled controlled exoskeletons, the measurement of cable tension is challenging due to movement interference and friction. To further solve the abovementioned challenges, we propose a new scheme, which includes a force-sensing mechanism based on pulley sets, a drive efficiency observer-based terminal sliding mode controller, decoupled control, and safety strategy. The demonstration is carried out through modeling, simulation and prototype experiments to drive the exoskeleton for rehabilitation training and to accurately obtain the cable tension. The mean measurement error of the proposed method is shown to be 0.119 N, which takes only 1/3 of the required force. Compared to the traditional method, the proposed method is proved to be improved in the simulation with R2: 98.6%, eRMSE: 82.38%, and the mean error: 91.78%. In the actual mirror training, R2/eRMSE is 0.954/2.601 for flexion/ extension and 0.948/4.703 for supination/ pronation.
Maturation of circulating Ly6ChiCCR2+ monocytes by mannan-MOG induces antigen-specific tolerance and reverses autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Autoimmune diseases affecting the CNS not only overcome immune privilege mechanisms that protect neural tissues but also peripheral immune tolerance mechanisms towards self. Together with antigen-specific T cells, myeloid cells are main effector cells in CNS autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, but the relative contributions of blood-derived monocytes and the tissue resident macrophages to pathology and repair is incompletely understood. Through the study of oxidized mannan-conjugated myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 (OM-MOG), we show that peripheral maturation of Ly6ChiCCR2+ monocytes to Ly6ChiMHCII+PD-L1+ cells is sufficient to reverse spinal cord inflammation and demyelination in MOG-induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Soluble intradermal OM-MOG drains directly to the skin draining lymph node to be sequestered by subcapsular sinus macrophages, activates Ly6ChiCCR2+ monocytes to produce MHC class II and PD-L1, prevents immune cell trafficking to spinal cord, and reverses established lesions. We previously showed that protection by OM-peptides is antigen specific. Here, using a neutralizing anti-PD-L1 antibody in vivo and dendritic cell-specific Pdl1 knockout mice, we further demonstrate that PD-L1 in non-dendritic cells is essential for the therapeutic effects of OM-MOG. These results show that maturation of circulating Ly6ChiCCR2+ monocytes by OM-myelin peptides represents a novel mechanism of immune tolerance that reverses autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
Identifying opportunities and barriers for introducing a workplace nutrition and health program for employees: Findings from formative research.

BACKGROUND The work style of employees engaged in the Information Technology (IT) and Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) sector in India is dominantly sedentary exposing them to detrimental obesogenic environments with unhealthy diets, increasing the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Workplace health interventions have been reported to have the potential of reducing NCDs and related risk factors among the employees and thus reduce cost of absenteeism and improve productivity. OBJECTIVE This formative research study aims to explore the opportunities and barriers of the development and implementation of a Workplace Health Programme (WHP). METHODS In this study, a mixed method including qualitative and quantitative approaches were used. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with employees and senior managers in employers of IT/BPO companies of different sizes in Hyderabad, India. The food and physical activity environment in the workplaces were explored using a checklist and ground truthing approach. A Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) questionnaire was developed to assess health, nutrition and physical activity of the employees. RESULTS Through this formative research, the required areas for nutrition, physical activity and health education were identified. The scopes of utilising existing facilities for physical activity and modifying the food environment was explored. We noted optimistic bias among the junior employees who did not consider themselves at risk of developing NCDs. CONCLUSIONS The identified opportunities and barriers will help in developing strategic WHPs suitable to individual workplaces. The qualitative methods, ground truthing approach, checklist and KAP tools used here can assess the company environment and employee health and nutrition status.
Plasma Wave Observations at Earth, Jupiter, and Saturn

n, I. R. , Baker, D. N. , & S a on 2020-06-09 12:29:0 Plasma wave emissions have been detected at all of the planets that have been visited by spacecraft equipped with plasma wave instruments. (Mercury will be explored by the plasma wave instrument on BepiColombo Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter in 2022.) Many of these emissions are believed to play a role in the acceleration of energetic particles, especially those observed in association with the radiation belts of Earth, Jupiter, and Saturn. Wave-particle interactions involving whistler mode chorus, hiss, equatorial noise, and electron cyclotron harmonics participate in both the acceleration and loss of these radiation belt particles and play a major role in radiation belt dynamics throughout the solar system. The effects of these wave modes, their occurrence probabilities, their amplitudes, and their relationships to solar wind properties and geomagnetic storm conditions have been investigated using a variety of spacecraft observations. This paper summarizes these studies and discusses the similarities and differences of the plasma waves detected at Earth, Jupiter, and Saturn.
Taylor Coe-cients of Negative Powers ofSchlicht Functions

LetS denote the class of normalized schlicht functions in the unit disk. We consider for f 2 S and ‚ < 0 the Taylor coe-cients an(‚;f) of (f(z)=z) ‚ and prove that jan(‚;f)jjan(‚;k)j for every f 2 S and every 1• n•i‚+1, where k(z) = z(1iz) i2 is the Koebe function. We also give a necessary condition such that the Koebe function maximizes the functional n X k=1 aekjak(‚;f)j 2 in the class S for given weights aek 2 R. These results supplement and com- plement previous results due to de Branges, Hayman and Hummel and others. Our proofs are based on the Lowner difierential equation combined with op- timal control methods.
Explore the Characteristics of Destination Image in the New Era of Information Technology, Case of Online Travel Reviews

The follwing piece is based on the Lectio praecursoria presented at the defense of the doctoral disserta- tion ‘The Nature of Destination Image Concept in Online Travel Reviews’, which was publicly discussed on March 4, 2022, at the University of Eastern Finland. The full version of the dissertation can be found at: http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-61-4483-2