Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lack of intermediate‐affinity interleukin‐2 receptor in mice leads to dependence on interleukin‐2 receptor α, β and γ chain expression for T cell growth

An interleukin (IL)‐4 dependant mouse T cell clone 8.2 derived from an IL‐2‐dependent T cell line was characterized. As measured by flow cytometric analysis and Northern blotting, it expresses IL‐2 receptor β (IL‐2Rβ) and γ (IL‐2Rγ) chains, but has lost expression of IL‐2 receptor α chain (IL‐2Rα). To investigate the properties of the mouse IL‐2Rβγ complex and the role of IL‐2Rα gene expression, this clone was further studied. T cell clone 8.2 has lost the capacity to bind 125I‐labeled human IL‐2 under experimental conditions able to detect intermediate‐affinity IL‐2R in human cells. Mouse IL‐2 is unable to block the binding of mAb TMβ1 to 8.2 cells. Under the same experimental conditions, mouse IL‐2 blocks the binding of TMβ1 to C30‐1 cells expressing the IL‐2αβγ complex. Since TMβ1 recognizes an epitope related to the IL‐2 binding site of IL‐2Rβ, these results can be taken as a demonstration that mouse IL‐2Rβγ does not bind mouse IL‐2. Furthermore, T cell clone 8.2 does not proliferate in response to recombinant mouse or human IL‐2. On the other hand, T cell transfectant lines expressing heterospecific receptors made of the human IL‐2Rβ and mouse IL‐2Rγ chains bind 125I‐labeled human IL‐2 and proliferate in response to IL‐2. This establishes the difference between mouse and human IL‐2Rβ chains. Transfection of T cell clone 8.2 with human IL‐2Rα genes restores their capacity to proliferate in response to IL‐2. In addition, all transfectants grown in IL‐2 express the endogeneous mouse IL‐2Rα chain. When grown in IL‐4, the endogeneous mouse IL‐2Rα gene remains silent in all these transfectants. These results show that, contrary to the human, the mouse does not express an intermediate‐affinity IL‐2R. Expression of the IL‐2Rα gene is therefore required for the formation of the functional IL‐2R in mice.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY CONDITION SCORE AND BODY COMPOSITION IN DAIRY COWS

Abstract The relationship between body condition score and physically dissected body composition was assessed in forty cull Friesian and Friesian‐cross cows. Body condition score was assessed using the New Zealand condition scoring system which is based on the contours of the cow from its hooks to its hocks. Measurements following slaughter included the weights of the udder, kidney knob and channel fat, omental fat, and mesenteric fat, the post‐mortem thickness of the dewlap, the dentition, and carcass length. The proportions of dissectible fat, muscle, and bone were assessed in a 10–11–12 rib joint. Over the range of 1.4 to 8.0, condition score was positively related to the weight of the internal fat depots, the proportion of fat in the sample joint, and the muscle to bone ratio in the sample joint. Between condition scores 1 and 3 the cows had limited body fat reserves. Dewlap thickness provided a good estimation of body fatness.
The effect of applying lactic acid bacteria at ensiling on the aerobic stability of silages

The effect of applying commercial lactic acid bacteria inoculants at ensiling on the aerobic stability of silages was studied under laboratory conditions. The silages used were wheat, hedysarum, corn and various sorghum cultivars at various stages of maturity. Three inoculants were used, two containing Lactobacillus plantarum, Enterococcus faecium and Pediococcus acidilactici (H/M F, Medipharm, USA and Sil-All, Alltech, UK) and one containing Ent. faecium (Lacticil, M74, Medipharm, Sweden). The inoculants were applied at 0.5 times 106 cfu g-1. Silages with no additives served as controls. After treatment, the chopped forages were ensiled in 1.5 1 anaerobic jars; there were six jars per treatment. After ensiling for 45 d, the silages were tested for aerobic stability in a test in which CO2 production was measured along with chemical and microbiological parameters. The inoculated silages that spoiled upon aerobic exposure faster than the controls were those of wheat and of the sorghum cultivar FS5 at the milk stage of maturity. This was evident from intensive CO2 production and development of yeasts and moulds. Regression analysis indicated that aerobic deterioration of inoculated silages was associated with high levels of residual water-soluble carbohydrates and lactic acid and lack of volatile fatty acids. Aerobic spoilage of inoculated silages was attributed mainly to yeast activity.
Coulomb-limited mobility in 4H-SiC MOS inversion layer as a function of inversion-carrier average distance from MOS interface

The Coulomb-limited mobility (μCoulomb) of Si-face 4H-SiC MOSFETs with nitrided gate oxide is experimentally evaluated. μCoulomb is experimentally determined using samples with various acceptor concentrations by varying the body bias. It is found that the depletion-charge and surface-carrier densities in the inversion layer can be utilized to well formulate μCoulomb. In addition, μCoulomb is investigated as a function of the inversion-carrier average distance from the MOS interface (ZAV), and it is established that ZAV can universally describe μCoulomb in the inversion layer of Si-face 4H-SiC MOSFETs with nitrided gate oxide.
Methods for investigating the bacteria in young Cheddar cheese: inhibition of starter streptococci with bacteriophage and α-bromopropionic acid

Summary The investigation of the non-starter bacterial flora of Cheddar cheese during the first few weeks of the ripening period is rendered difficult by the great preponderance of starter streptococci in the bacterial population. It was found that the starter streptococci could be eliminated from agar plates containing various dilutions of the emulsified cheese by the use of phage specific for the pure culture starters used to make the cheese or alternatively by the use of α-bromopropionic acid. The successful use of the phage method of eliminating lactic streptococci from bacterial mixtures in poured agar plates depends on the use of single strain starters, and on the absence of phage-resistant forms in the culture used. The latter objective may be achieved by use of starter strains showing a low proportion of resistant cells in a normal culture and by taking precautions to avoid excessive phage development during the cheesemaking process.
The digestibility and voluntary intake of six varieties of Panicum

The digestibility and voluntary intake of P. coloratum CV. Kabulabula, P. coloratum var. Makarikariense CV. Burnett and C.P.I. 13372, P. maximum var. trichoglume CV. Petrie Green Panic, P. maximum cv. Coloniao guinea grass and Hamil were measured with sheep in metabolism pens. Each grass was cut eight to ten times at different growth stages and times of the year. Varieties differed (P<0.01) in their dry matter and organic matter digestibility but the maximum mean difference between varieties was only 2.8 and 3.4 per cent respectively. There were large differences in voluntary intake between grasses. P. maximum cv. Hamil had a voluntary intake 50 and 27 per cent greater than P. coloratum cv. Kabulabula when both had p dry matter digestibility of 50 and 60 per cent respectively. Voluntary intake of digestible organic matter of P. maximum CV. Hamil was 26 per cent higher than that of P. coloratum CV. Kabulabula. The higher intake of P. maximm occurred despite its having higher silicon percentages than P. coloratum. It was concluded that because of the biased relation between intake and digestibility selection of grasses on the basis of digestibility determinations alone could be a misleading guide to their nutritional value.
A 0.2-V Three-Winding Transformer-Based DCO in 16-nm FinFET CMOS

In this brief, we introduce a 3.2–4 GHz three-winding transformer-based class-F digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) with a DC-DC booster for energy harvesting applications. A $\pi $ -model is adopted for this multi-turn transformer to analyze its impedance transformation and overall loop gain. The trifilar coil generates large passive voltage loop gain, allowing the DCO supply voltage of 0.2 V to be even lower than the threshold voltage of transistors without any performance degradation. Due to the gate/drain isolation as well as smaller voltage-dependent capacitance in advanced FinFET technology, this brief achieves very low supply frequency pushing of 38 MHz/V. The switched capacitor placed at the tertiary winding can reach very fine resolution of 1.3 kHz due to the impedance transformations and source degeneration. The bias and control voltages of nearly zero power are generated with a switched-capacitor based DC-DC converter and a ring-based non-overlapped clock generator.
The Effects of Social Media Influencers’ Advertising Disclosure on Consumer Responses on Instagram

As many brands use social media influencers (SMIs) on Instagram to advertise, not disclosing advertised content affects how consumers perceive these influencers. The purpose of this study was to investigate two objectives: 1) recent advertising disclosure types on Instagram and 2) the factors that affect consumer responses towards Instagram influencers posting advertised content. Using an experimental 2x2 between-subjects design (N=200), the findings show that “sponsored” and “paid partnership with” are two recent types of ad disclosures. However, both factors are insignificantly different from each other. Also, ad disclosure condition enhances the trustworthiness of the influencer than no disclosure. Ad skepticism, source credibility, and the level of persuasion strongly relate to how consumers perceive Instagram influencers advertising for brands. These factors enable consumers to assess if the influencer is a reliable source of information when faced with advertisement. Ultimately, using disclosure gives full information to consumers about the persuasive intent, as well as increases positive consumer responses towards the influencer who discloses, thereby, enhancing the ethical use of the influencer advertising strategy and long-term consumer relationship.
Disabled young people’s hopes and dreams in a rapidly changing society: a co-production peer research study

Abstract The idea that disabled young people should be at the centre of decision making about their future is promoted in policy, practice and research, yet this often translates into a narrow agenda on transitions through service and benefits systems. In this project, we aimed for an expansive exploration of disabled young people’s hopes and dreams in the context of unprecedented societal changes. Co-production methods brought academics, members of a Centre for Independent Living, and nine peer researchers together to host knowledge cafes with fifty seven disabled young people. Peer researchers visited a robotic laboratory and developed key messages around the freedom to define their future that engaged stakeholders in the impact events they took part in. The themes: being responsible, giving love, freedom and happiness and a strong sense of self and togetherness, convey a more filled-out vision of disabled young people’s futures and a new politics of the possible. Points of interest A co-production research approach was chosen to explore and promote disabled young people’s own views of their future in a rapidly changing society. Key themes arising from the research on ‘being responsible’, ‘giving love’, ‘freedom and happiness’ and a ‘strong sense of self and togetherness’, suggest rich visions of the future possibilities. New technologies, such as the automation in home and travel environments, were not highlighted by peer researchers, but were seen as possibilities supporting their key messages about quality of life. Peer researchers’ presentation of their key messages to public sector workers and politicians focussed on independence and social connections, rather than welfare services and benefits. The project themes discussed here resonate with those of disabled young people involved in citizenship research internationally. Reflections question ideas about ‘the future’ for a wider rich vision of life.
The COVID-19 pandemic and the challenge of using technology for medical education in low and middle income countries

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. The current use of technology for medical education in low and middle income countries (LMIC) during the COVID-19 pandemic is not yet reaching its potential. We provide recommendations for LMIC that has focus on a systematic framework that considers both faculty development and developing the skills of students. An enormous challenge for all medical educators, but especially in LMIC, continues to be how to maintain clinical teaching in these extraordinary times.
Multiculturalism: Ideologization of Historiography of History textbook for Army Officer Candidate

This article reveals about the value of multiculturalism in the textbook history lesson of the struggle of the nation devoted to elementary education of army officers in Secapa AD. The textbook history Lesson of this Secapa AD is a historiography work, one of which is intended for the purposes of value education in which there is a value of multiculturalism compiled in the curriculum of education of the first Officer Secapa AD based on the doctrines of Kartika Eka Paksi and Saptamarga. The approach used is qualitative with the method of content analysis. Education of the struggle history of the nation is used as a tool in the education of officers who are influenced by the purpose of which is contained in the curriculum of military education, the curriculum is made by Ideologization historiography, which is the planting value of multiculturalism
Practical Adaptive Sliding-Mode Control Approach for Precise Tracking of Robot Manipulators

We present a practical adaptive sliding-mode control approach, namely, the strong and stable adaptive sliding-mode control (SS-ASMC), in this paper. There is a significant effort towards addressing the technical challenges associated with the switching gains with two adaptive laws, which are called parent and child adaptive laws. A parent adaptive law helps achieve strong switching gains through fast adaptation rate when sliding variable moves away from the sliding manifold. A child adaptive law updates the parameter of the parent adaptive law, which helps to achieve the switching gains with fast and stable adaptation rate in the vicinity of the sliding manifold. Such switching gains with two adaptive laws provide remarkably precise tracking performance while enhancing the robustness. Besides, to yield desirable closed-loop poles and simplicity of control approach structure, the proposed SS-ASMC approach employs a combination of time-delayed estimation and pole-placement method, which makes it unnecessary to have a rather complete system dynamics. It is shown by the bounded-input-bounded-output stability through the Lyapunov approach, and thus the tracking errors are also proved to be uniformly ultimately bounded. The effectiveness of the proposed SS-ASMC approach is illustrated in simulations with robot manipulators, which is compared with that of the existing control approaches.
Laboratory Research on Gas Transport in Shale Nanopores Considering the Stress Effect and Slippage Effect

The low permeability of shale, in accretionary complexes and passive continental margins, influences pore pressure generation, and thus induces deformation and fault slip behavior. It is also key in hindering the ability to evaluate shale gas production. Gas is commonly used in measuring the permeability of shale and generally yields high values than that of liquids, due to slippage effect. Separation of the slippage effect from gas permeability is a critical task in the study of low‐permeability media. This study measured the gas permeability (Kg) of the Longmaxi shale parallel to bedding (L1P) and perpendicular to bedding (L1V) under different confining pressures (Cp) and pore pressures (Pp), while simultaneously measuring porosity for different values of Cp. Additionally, a new approach is proposed to define the effective stress coefficient and boundary condition for the Klinkenberg correction. The results show that the Kg of L1P is almost unaffected by the slippage effect, while, for L1V, the Klinkenberg correction is required. The Klinkenberg plot of L1V follows the quadratic model from the study by Ashrafi Moghadam and Chalaturnyk (2014, https://doi.org.10/1016/j.coal.2013.10.008), rather than the classic linear Klinkenberg equation. The results also show that, as the Cp increases and/or the Pp decreases, the contribution of the slippage effect to the L1V Kg increased from 20% to 86.5%. Finally, based on the Knudsen number (Kn), the flow regime of L1P changes from Darcy flow (Kn < 0.01) to slip flow (0.01 < Kn < 0.1), and that of L1V is slip flow.
State-of-the-art non-invasive brain–computer interface for neural rehabilitation: A review

Brain–computer interface (BCI) is a novel communication method between brain and machine. It enables signals from the human brain to influence or control external devices. Currently, much research interest is focused on the BCI-based neural rehabilitation of patients with motor and cognitive diseases. Over the decades, BCI has become an alternative treatment for motor and cognitive rehabilitation. Previous studies demonstrated the usefulness of BCI intervention in restoring motor function and recovery of the damaged brain. Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based BCI intervention could cast light on the mechanisms underlying neuroplasticity during upper limb recovery by providing feedback to the damaged brain. BCI could act as a useful tool to aid patients with daily communication and basic movement in severe motor loss cases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Furthermore, recent findings have reported the therapeutic efficacy of BCI in people suffering from other diseases with different levels of motor impairment such as spastic cerebral palsy, neuropathic pain, etc. Besides motor functional recovery, BCI also plays its role in improving the behavior of patients with cognitive diseases like attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The BCI-based neurofeedback training is focused on either reducing the ratio of theta and beta rhythm, or enabling the patients to regulate their own slow cortical potentials, and both have made progress in increasing attention and alertness. With summary of several clinical studies with strong evidence, we present cutting edge results from the clinical application of BCI in motor and cognitive diseases, including stroke, spinal cord injury, ALS, and ADHD.
Tetris: Using Software/Hardware Co-Design to Enable Handheld, Physics-Limited 3D Plane-Wave Ultrasound Imaging

High volume acquisition rates are imperative for certain medical ultrasound imaging applications, such as 3D elastography and 3D vector flow imaging. As ultrasound imaging transitions from 2D to 3D, the massive data bandwidth and billions of trigonometric operations required to reconstruct each volume leaves conventional computer architectures falling short. Despite recent algorithmic improvements, high-volume-rate ultrasound imaging remains computationally infeasible on known platforms. In this article, we expand our previous work on Tetris, a novel hardware accelerator for separable ultrasound beamforming that enables volume acquisition rates up to the physics limits of acoustic propagation delay. Through algorithmic and hardware optimizations, we enable an image reconstruction system design outclassing previously proposed accelerators in performance while lowering hardware complexity, storage, and power requirements. Tetris operates in a streaming fashion—without requiring on-chip storage of the entire receive signal—reconstructing volumes in real-time. For a representative imaging task, our proposed system generates physics-limited 13,000 volumes per second in a 2 watt power budget. The Tetris beamformer has an unprecedented power efficiency of 2.03 tera-beamforming operations per watt—an increase in efficiency of nearly 3× compared to the prior work.
The fish fauna of an Atlantic Forest conservation area in the largest urban center of South America (São Paulo, SP, Brazil) and its relationship to some environmental factors

This study describes the composition and distribution of fish species in an Atlantic Forest Environmental Protection Area located in the city of São Paulo (APA Capivari-Monos), with the aim of determining the composition, distribution and the relationship of the community to local environmental conditions. Three main rivers (Capivari, Taquacetuba and Embu-Guaçu) were sampled by electrofishing at a total of 10 sites. Twenty-five species were recorded, of which 20% (Characidium oiticicai, Pseudocorynopoma heterandria, Pseudotocinclus tietensis Trichomycterus paolence and Glandulocauda melanopleura) are considered endangered for the State of São Paulo. Community attributes varied between rivers and along the longitudinal axis, indicating that several species have a restricted distribution and specific ecological requirements. Este estudo descreve a composição e distribuição de espécies de peixes em uma Área de Proteção Ambiental de Mata Atlântica localizada na cidade de São Paulo (APA Capivari-Monos), com o objetivo de determinar a composição, distribuição e a relação da comunidade com características ambientais. Três rios principais (Capivari, Taquacetuba e Embu-Guaçu) foram amostrados com pesca elétrica em um total de dez pontos de coleta. Vinte e cinco espécies foram registradas, das quais 20% (Characidium oiticicai, Pseudocorynopoma heterandria, Pseudotocinclus tietensis, Trichomycterus paolence e Glandulocauda melanopleura) são consideradas ameaçadas para o Estado de São Paulo. Os atributos da comunidade variaram entre os rios e ao longo do eixo longitudinal, indicando que diversas espécies apresentam uma distribuição restrita e exigências ecológicas específicas.
A Compact Millimeter-Wave Frequency Conversion SOP (System on Package) Module Based on LTCC Technology

A novel compact millimeter-wave system on package (SOP) module is proposed in this paper. To achieve high integration, the 14 layers substrate of module is fabricated with low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology, which is advanced in incorporating the passive components in multi-layers, thus realizing the signal vertical propagation for the SOP. The designed SOP covering 30∼40 GHz is the core module for the millimeter-wave radar system. When the transmitting state of the system is initiated, the introduced SOP will up mix input intermediate frequency (IF) signal with local signal (LO) to millimeter-wave band. And the received millimeter-wave signal will be down-converted to the IF signal during the receiving state. The SOP integrates two frequency conversion channels and 34 monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) chips, with final size of 35 mm × 48 mm. In the whole working band, transmitting signal has a power range of 10∼13 dBm with out-of-band spurious suppression below 50 dBc, while the channel under receiving has a gain of 11∼15 dB with automatic gain control (AGC) of 0∼50 dB and 1dB-step. The receiving and transmitting isolation between the two channels are both greater than 40 dB, and the T/R isolation in one channel is better than 40 dB.