Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent Developments in Pretreatment Technologies for Production ofLignocellulosic Biofuels

Rising oil prices and uncertainty over the security of existing fossil fuel reserves, combined with concerns over global climate change, have created the need for new transportation fuels and bioproducts to substitute for fossil carbon-based materials. Ethanol is considered to be the next generation transportation fuel with the most potential, and significant quantities of ethanol are currently being produced from corn and sugar cane via a fermentation process. Utilizing lignocellulosic biomass as a feedstock is seen as the next step towards significantly expanding ethanol production. The biological conversion of cellulosic biomass into bioethanol is based on the breakdown of biomass into aqueous sugars using chemical and biological means, including the use of hydrolotic enzymes. From that point, the fermentable sugars can be further processed into ethanol or other advanced biofuels. Therefore, pretreatment is required to increase the surface accessibility of carbohydrate polymers to hydrolytic enzymes. This paper reviews recent developments of several widely used pretreatment technologies, including alkali, hotwater, acid and inorganic salt (ionic liquid and Lewis acid) pretreatments. Recent advancements in the pretreatment field include: 1) application of novel chemicals or processes on biomass fractionation; 2) the use of new enzyme mixtures such as combinations of purified xylan related enzymes, appreciation of soluble inhibitors of cellulases, and especially the evaluation of pretreated biomass at varying cellulase loading; 3) application of a wide variety of sophisticated techniques for analyzing native and pretreated biomass solids, especially microscopic techniques and methods for measuring surface area; and 4) greater efforts at scale up and commercialization of biomass processes for biofuels and chemicals.
Ontology Evolution and the Referencing of Resources in Semantic Web Context

Because ontologies evolve over time, their evolution needs to be managed. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a framework composed of two main systems: ChangeHistoryBuilder, which tracks and manages the history of ontology changes, and SemanticAnnotationModifier, which provides a support to maintain the integrity of the ontology-based referencing of resources after the ontology evolution. Both systems are based on a formal specification of types of possible changes in OWL-DL ontologies. In concrete terms, this specification is an ontology of ontology changes.
The Third Information Systems International Conference User Interface Design for Elderly Mobile Assistive Systems

The increasing number of the elderly population and process of modernization and migration for work has increase the issue of giving support for older people. This had contributed to a worrisome feeling among the caretakers. Therefore, Mobile Assistive Apps is designed to support and improve the quality of life among elderly. In order to develop the application, an empirical study had been conducted to discover the requirements for designing suitable Human Mobile Interaction (HMI) for elderly. Older people will experience cognitive, perceptual and psychomotor impairment that restricted them to use the smart phone or touch screen technology. This study had proposed a set of recommendations for designing HMI that will enhance their navigation and access to touch screen of the smart phone. The evaluation result with the average score 92% satisfaction on the interface design of the system indicated that the proposed recommendations had enhanced elderly navigation of the system. © 2015 Published by ISICO
Phylogenetic characterization, antimicrobial susceptibilities, and mechanisms of resistance in bacteria isolates from a poultry waste-polluted river, southwestern Nigeria

Bacteria resistance to antibiotics has become a worldwide problem impacted partly by antibiotics use in livestock production. The present study investigated the pattern and mechanisms of resistance in 21 bacteria species isolated from a river used as a waste-dump by a poultry farm in Ogbomoso, southwestern Nigeria. Bacteria were isolated on nutrient agar supplemented with 50 µg/mL of tetracycline, their identities were determined by PCR amplification, and sequencing of their 16s rRNA genes and their susceptibility to 6 antimicrobials determined by broth dilution. The molecular basis of resistance among the isolates was also investigated by the PCR amplification of class 1 and 2 integrons, tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, tetE, tetG, tetL, tetW, tetM, tet37, blaTEM, aadA1, strA, strB, sul2, sul3 and a 550bp gene fragment encoding a multidrug resistance efflux transporter of the resistance nodulation division (RND) family. All the isolates were resistant to the tested antimicrobials with MIC ranging from
Geoeffective interplanetary scale sizes derived from regression analysis of polar cap potentials

This paper presents a physical interpretation of linear regression comparisons between measured and predicted values of the polar cap potential and the interplanetary electric field (IEF). We define a "geoeffective" scale size in the solar wind œ as spanning all interplanetary equipotentials that touch the magnetopause. Simple dimensional analysis considerations suggest that LG is proportional to the slope of the linear regression curve. The regression intercept represents potential from sources other than the IEF. Four independent data sets indicate that œ is only a few RE wide in the ¾GSM direction. This has implications . for the reliability of space weather forecasting. Most IEF observations from subsolar libration orbits are taken many RE from the Sun-Earth line. Good correlations with near-Earth variations require that the IEF has a YGSM scale size that is significantly larger than œG.
Topical Nanoemmigel Formulation of Boswellia serrata

Boswellia serrata was formulated as topical analgesic and antiinflammatory nanoemmigel, which is a combination of a nanoemulsion and a nanomicellar system in a gel base. Nanoemulsion was formulated by microemulsion-template method by using probe sonication at 5 amp for 5 min. Particle size of nanoemulsion was found to be 141 nm and polydispersity index of 0.333. Nanomicelle was formulated at a ratio 1:1 of drug and surfactant and 1:10 of solvent and antisolvent using solvent evaporation method. The particle size and polydispersity index of the nanomicelle was found to be 31.07 nm and 0.205, respectively. Nanoemmigel was prepared by combining nanoemulsion and nanomicelle in the ratio 1:1 with carbopol 974 as a gelling agent. The nanoemmigel prepared was a buff coloured, opaque gel with smooth texture and good spreadability. Viscosity and drug content of the nanoemmigel was 50720 cps and 103±1.08 %, respectively. In vitro diffusion study of nanoemmigel showed 98.52±1.53 % drug permeation at the end of 5 h. The drug release mechanism of the nanoemmigel formulation can be explained using the Higuchi model. The steady state flux and permeability co-efficient of the nanoemmigel was found to be better than each of nanoemulsion gel and nanomicellar gel due to the utilization of both the pathways available to the drug for permeation through the skin. Improved therapeutic response was obtained as compared to nanoemulsion gel, nanomicellar gel, emulgel and also marketed topical product of Boswellia when examined for in vivo antiinflammatory and analgesic activity in animal models.
MAPPING TROPICAL FOREST FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT USING SPOT 5 SATELLITE IMAGE

This paper describes the combination of multi-data in stratifying the natural evergreen broadleaved tropical forest of the Central Highlands of Vietnam. The forests were stratified using both unsupervised and supervised classification methods based on SPOT5 and field data. The forests were classified into 3 and 4 strata separably. Correlation between stratified forest classes and forest variables was analyzed in order to find out 1) how many classes is suitable to stratify for the forest in this area and 2) how closely the forest variables are related with forest classes. The correlation coefficient shows although all forest variables did have a significant correlation with the forest classes, stand volume appeared to have the strongest correlation with forest classes. These are 0.64 and 0.59 for four and three strata respectively. The results of supervised classification also show the four strata of heavily degraded forest, moderate disturbance, insignificant disturbance, and dense forest were discriminated more clearly comparing to the forest stratified into three classes. The proof is that overall accuracy of supervised classification was 86% with Kappa of 0.8 for four classes, meanwhile, these are 77% and 0.62 respectively for forest area classified into 3 classes.
SYMBIOSIS OR COMPETITION? THE INTER-POPULATION DYNAMICS BETWEEN SOCIAL AND COMMERCIAL VENTURES

This study takes a population ecology perspective to uncover the influence that social venture creation exerts on commercial venture creation. Data from 88 Ohio counties during 2003-2007 uncovered a negative relationship suggesting that social ventures compete for resources with commercial ventures at the time of founding. Additionally, we found that government spending and income levels in the county affected not only the creation rates in each population, but also the inter-population dynamics. Specifically, lower income levels lowered commercial start-up rates while also exacerbating the competitive relationship between social and commercial ventures. Low levels of government spending were also found to suppress commercial start-up rates.
THE ECOLOGY OF DAPHNIA CHEVREUXI RICHARD IN NORTHEAST ALGERIA (CRUSTACEA: ANOMOPODA)

Seasonal dynamics and life history traits of one population of the cladoceran Daphnia chevreuxi Richard were monitored under field and laboratory conditions. Temperature dependent demographic traits (birth, size, longevity and development rates) were followed throughout the year. The influence of predation, through the use of fish kairomones, on life history traits has been investigated and the main response to fish chemicals has been shown to be a decrease in size at first reproduction (S.F.R.).
The utilization of fiber Bragg grating sensors to monitor high performance concrete at elevated temperature

Embedded optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are used to evaluate the properties of high performance concrete (HPC), subjected to high thermal strain. HPC is composed of polypropylene fibers and steel fibers, as additives, in a cylindrical concrete filled steel tube (CFT). A good agreement response between the FBG temperature sensor and a thermocouple was obtained. In addition, experimental results indicate that a CFT behaves differently from unconfined concrete in the center of a specimen, at a furnace temperature of 250 °C and that polypropylene fibers potentially have a higher capability to restrain spalling than do steel fibers.
Occurrence of Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804) (Decapoda, Palinuridae) in the northwest islands of the Cape Verde Archipelago (Central-East Atlantic)

[Panulirus argus is herein reported from the Cape Verde Islands for the first time. In May 2002 and February 2005, local lobster fishermen captured two specimens at depths of 20-40 m. Other occurrences of this species during the last 15-20 years suggest that a permanent population of P. argus is established in the Cape Verde Archipelago. Two invasion theories (ship ballast mediation and dispersal during the larval phase) and two possible source populations (Brazil and the Caribbean) are proposed, and discussed in view of oceanic currents. A presenca de Panulirus argus nas ilhas de Cabo Verde e referida pela primeira vez. Em Maio de 2002 e Fevereiro de 2005, dois exemplares foram capturados por pescadores locais, a profundidades de 20-40 metros. A ocorrencia desta especie nos ultimos 15 a 20 anos sugere a existencia de uma populacao permanente de P. argus no Arquipelago de Cabo Verde. Sao propostas duas teorias para explicar a ocorrencia desta populacao (transporte de larvas na agua de lastro dos navios e por correntes oceânicas), e sugeridas duas possiveis populacoes de origem (Brasil e Caraibas). , Panulirus argus is herein reported from the Cape Verde Islands for the first time. In May 2002 and February 2005, local lobster fishermen captured two specimens at depths of 20-40 m. Other occurrences of this species during the last 15-20 years suggest that a permanent population of P. argus is established in the Cape Verde Archipelago. Two invasion theories (ship ballast mediation and dispersal during the larval phase) and two possible source populations (Brazil and the Caribbean) are proposed, and discussed in view of oceanic currents. A presenca de Panulirus argus nas ilhas de Cabo Verde e referida pela primeira vez. Em Maio de 2002 e Fevereiro de 2005, dois exemplares foram capturados por pescadores locais, a profundidades de 20-40 metros. A ocorrencia desta especie nos ultimos 15 a 20 anos sugere a existencia de uma populacao permanente de P. argus no Arquipelago de Cabo Verde. Sao propostas duas teorias para explicar a ocorrencia desta populacao (transporte de larvas na agua de lastro dos navios e por correntes oceânicas), e sugeridas duas possiveis populacoes de origem (Brasil e Caraibas). ]
Extremal Positive Solutions For The Distributed Order Fractional Hybrid Differential Equations

In this article, we prove the existence of extremal positive solution for the distributed order fractional hybrid differential equation Z 1 0 b(q)D q ( x(t) f(t,x(t)) )dq = g(t,x(t)), using a fixed point theorem in the Banach algebras. This proof is given in two cases of the continuous and discontinuous function g, under the generalized Lipschitz and Caratheodory conditions.
Quarkonium Production at LHCb

I will review a selection of LHCb results on the production of heavy quarkonium states in pp colli- sions, including recent results on J= and (nS ) (n = 1; 2; 3) production at p s = 8 TeV, as well as preliminary results on J= production in proton-lead collisions at p sNN = 5 TeV.
Factors Influencing Customer Participation in Mobile SNS: Focusing on Wechat in China

WeChat is the most representative mobile socialization application in China as well as an important platform in enterprise publicity. The special transmission method of WeChat emphasizes the importance of user participation. Therefore, how to make effective use of the antecedent factors of user participation and user participation incentives appears to be particular significant. The research explores into the antecedent factors of user participation in WeChat from the perspective of users, and analyzes the effect mechanism of these factors on the two different dimensions of user participation (general participation and interactive participation) with examples. Empirical data shows that interaction frequency, preferential Incentive and information sharing exert significant positive effects on general participation. Interaction frequency and information sharing have positive effects on users' interactive participation. The research attempts to figure out the pattern of WeChat marketing of user participation theoretically through constructing the antecedent factors and effect mechanism of user participation in WeChat, as well as provides implications for user participation strategies when enterprises develop WeChat marketing platform.
Determination of Optimum Angles for Solar Energy Conversions into Heat and Electricity

In this paper, the optimum energy conversion condition of a stationary panel is calculated. These calculations are done for 180 days at different latitudes. Various angular orientations of the sun’s rays on the earth are considered. On a given day, the incident energy flux of the sun is resolved into three components, and the conversion efficiency is based on the flux normal for the panels. The efficiency of the conversion of the incident energy is measured with respect to a solar tracking process. The numbers of days in a given year are divided into two groups – between the winter solstice and the spring equinox and between the spring equinox and the summer solstice. The results show the existence of two maxima with one for each of the two periods. By setting the panels at each of these maxima, very significant improvement in energy conversion can be achieved.
The feeding of rhinoceros in captivity

Rhinoceros are large herbivores that are adapted for gaining energy from the fermentation of fibrous plant material. In this paper we address issues of oversupplementation of energy (leading to obesity) and minerals (particularly iron in Black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis), outline a diet design that relies on forage as the staple component with a reduction in use of pelleted compound feeds and give suggestions for supplement provision. Acquisition of adequate roughage is probably the most important step in the feeding management of large herbivores and should be regarded and organized accordingly. Ration calculation must be an integral part of diet design to avoid the imbalances that are currently observed, especially in relation to mineral provision. The use of grain or grain products in pelleted compound feeds is largely discouraged.
Idiosyncratic Volatility, Takeover Premiums and Target Gains

We examine the relation between targets’ idiosyncratic volatility (sigma) with takeover premiums received and target’s acquisition announcement returns. We argue that sigma is a significant driving force of the premium difference and hence different returns enjoyed by target firm’s shareholders. The uncertainty in the market about a target’s value makes bidder manager to pay a relatively higher price, when she believes that the acquisition will increase her shareholders’ value, in favor of target’s shareholders. Our results support this argument as we find that high idiosyncratic volatility targets receive considerably larger premiums and gain significantly more than targets that are easier-to-value. This finding is robust to the method of payment effect and several other target and deal characteristics. Finally, our results have implications about the method of payment effect on target returns by idiosyncratic volatility. High idiosyncratic volatility targets acquired with cash realize the largest returns by great magnitude because the investors interpret this financing decision as the bidder has more favorable information than the market about target’s value and hence appreciate price at the benefit of target’s shareholders.
Different means of earnings management of owner-managed firms versus agent-led firms: evidence from chaebols in Korea

This paper examines the earnings management behavior of large, family-controlled business groups (so-called ‘chaebol’) in Korea from 2006 to 2010. Specifically, the author studies whether the methods of earnings management are different between chaebol firms versus non-chaebol firms. The author finds no significant difference in accrual-based earnings management by these two types of firms. However, the author shows that chaebol firms’ real-based earnings management is greater than non-chaebol firms, based on their higher abnormal production costs and lower abnormal discretionary expenses, in order to manipulate accounting income upward. The results suggest that owner-managed firms tend to choose real manipulation which negatively affects future corporate performance and consequently mislead investors about the firm value.
Absolute continuity of the representing measures of the hypergeometric translation operators attached to the root systems of type B2 and C2

We prove in this paper the absolute continuity of the representing measures of the hypergeometric translation operators $\mathcal{ T}_ x$ and $\mathcal{ T}_ x^ W$ associated respectively to the Cherednik operators and the Heckman-Opdam theory attached to the root system of type $ B_ 2$ and $ C_ 2$ which are studied in [9].
Numerical Approximation of Solutions to Stochastic Partial Differential Equations and Their Moments

The first part of this thesis focusses on the numerical approximation of the first two moments of solutions to parabolic stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) with additive or multiplicative noise. More precisely, in Paper I an earlier result (A. Lang, S. Larsson, and Ch. Schwab, Covariance structure of parabolic stochastic partial differential equations, Stoch. PDE: Anal. Comp., 1(2013), pp. 351–364), which shows that the second moment of the solution to a parabolic SPDE driven by additive Wiener noise solves a well-posed deterministic space-time variational problem, is extended to the class of SPDEs with multiplicative Levy noise. In contrast to the additive case, this variational formulation is not posed on Hilbert tensor product spaces as trial–test spaces, but on projective–injective tensor product spaces, i.e., on non-reflexive Banach spaces. Well-posedness of this variational problem is derived for the case when the multiplicative noise term is sufficiently small. This result is improved in Paper II by disposing of the smallness assumption. Furthermore, the deterministic equations in variational form are used to derive numerical methods for approximating the first and the second moment of solutions to stochastic ordinary and partial differential equations without Monte Carlo sampling. Petrov–Galerkin discretizations are proposed and their stability and convergence are analyzed. In the second part the numerical solution of fractional order elliptic SPDEs with spatial white noise is considered. Such equations are particularly interesting for applications in statistics, as they can be used to approximate Gaussian Matern fields. Specifically, in Paper III a numerical scheme is proposed, which is based on a finite element discretization in space and a quadrature for an integral representation of the fractional inverse involving only non-fractional inverses. For the resulting approximation, an explicit rate of convergence to the true solution in the strong mean-square sense is derived. Subsequently, in Paper IV weak convergence of this approximation is established. Finally, in Paper V a similar method, which exploits a rational approximation of the fractional power operator instead of the quadrature, is introduced and its performance with respect to accuracy and computing time is compared to the quadrature approach from Paper III and to existing methods for inference in spatial statistics.
CSWD - Clustering with Seek Packet for Wormhole Attack Detection and Elimination

A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of independent wireless mobile nodes for communication without any established infrastructure. Due to unique characteristics such as dynamic topology, limited bandwidth, and limited battery power make them vulnerable to security attacks. One of the routing protocol attacks, wormhole attack is hard to catch but easy to implement in network with help of tunnelling. This attack can launch a variety of attacks against the data traffic flow such as selective dropping, replay attack, denial of service, packet modification once launched in the network. In this paper, we present an algorithm CSWD for detection and elimination of wormhole attack from the network. A concept called seek packet is used to detect and clustering will eliminate wormhole attack from the network. The algorithm will be implemented in base protocol ZRP (zone routing protocol) which has not been done so far. ZRP will reduce overhead of cluster formation simply with help of zone radius. The algorithm would be implemented using ns2 (network simulator) on Ubuntu OS.