Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Environmental Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Virus RNA in Health Facilities in Brazil and a Systematic Review on Contamination Sources

SARS-CoV-2 environmental monitoring can track the rate of viral contamination and can be used to establish preventive measures. This study aimed to detect by RT-PCR the presence of SARS-CoV-2 from inert surface samples in public health settings with a literature review about surface contamination and its burden on spread virus. Samples were collected from health settings in Curitiba, Brazil, between July and December 2020. A literature review was conducted using PRISMA. A total of 711 environmental surface samples were collected from outpatient areas, dental units, doctors’ offices, COVID-19 evaluation areas, and hospital units, of which 35 (4.9%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The frequency of environmental contamination was higher in primary care units than in hospital settings. The virus was detected on doctors’ personal items. Remarkably, the previously disinfected dental chair samples tested positive. These findings agree with those of other studies in which SARS-CoV-2 was found on inanimate surfaces. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on surfaces in public health settings, including those not meant to treat COVID-19, indicates widespread environmental contamination. Therefore, the intensification of disinfection measures for external hospital areas may be important for controlling community COVID-19 dissemination.
Deep Learning Based Multilevel Classification of Alzheimer’s Disease using MRI Scans

Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most frequently studied diseases of the nervous system although it has no cure or slowing its progression. There are various options for treating the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease in different stages and as the disease progresses over time, patients in their various stages need different treatment. Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s in the elderly is quietly difficult and requires representation of a discriminatory factor in isolation due to similar brain patterns and pixel strength. Deep learning strategies are able to learn such representations from the data. In this proposed work we perform multilevel classification of Alzheimer’s disease ie; Mild Demented, Moderate Demented, Non Demented and Very Mild Demented using transfer learning with VGG16 using Fastai. This approach results in 99% predictive accuracy which means a significant increase in accuracy compared to previous studies and clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Surface Complexation Modeling: Gibbsite

FOREWORD. PREFACE. CHAPTER 1 - Aluminum Oxides and Hydroxides under Environmental Conditions. 1. INTRODUCTION. 1.1 Occurrence of Aluminum Oxides and Hydroxides in the Subsurface. 1.2 Occurrence of Aluminum Oxides and Hydroxides in Surface Water. 1.3 Use of Aluminum Hydroxide in Water Treatment. 1.4 Summary. CHAPTER - Formation and Properties of Gibbsite and closely-related minerals. 2. Formation and properties of Gibbsite and closely-related minerals. 2.1 Al Polymerization Models. 2.2 Formation of Gibbsite and Other Al-Hydroxides and Oxyhydroxides. 2.3 Aluminum Hydroxide Polymorphs: Structure and Nomenclature. 2.4 Gibbsite. 2.5 Bayerite. 2.6 Nordstrandite. 2.7 Doyleite. 2.8 Other forms of aluminum oxides and oxyhydroxides. 2.9 Other forms that manufactured under high temperature and pressure. CHAPTER 3 - Types of Available Data. 3.1 Gibbsite Structure Verification. 3.2 Physical-Chemical Properties. 3.3 Acid-Base Titration Data. 3.4 Cation and Anion Sorption Data. 3.5 Spectroscopic Data for Sorption on Gibbsite. 3.6 Proton Release/Uptake Data. 3.7 Electrokinetic Data. 3.8 Summary. CHAPTER 4 - Data Compilation and Treatment Methods. 4.1 Collection of data. 4.2 Assessment of Data Quality. 4.3 Compilation of Surface Properties. 4.4 Extraction of Equilibrium Sorption Constants. 4.5 Optimal Fit Simulations. 4.6 Presentation of Results. CHAPTER 5 - Surface Properties of Gibbsite. 5.1 Surface Area. 5.2 Site Density. 5.3 Point of Zero Charge. 5.4 Surface Acid-Base Chemistry. 5.5 Effects of Dissolution on Gibbsite Surface Acid-Base Chemistry. 5.6 Summary. CHAPTER 6 - Cation Sorption on Gibbsite. 6.1 Modeling Methodology and Reactions. 6.2 Available Spectroscopic Data and Use in Modeling. 6.3 Copper. 6.4 Lead. 6.5 Cobalt. 6.6 Cadmium. 6.7 Manganese. 6.8 Iron. 6.9 Calcium. 6.10 Zinc. 6.11 Mercury. 6.12 Uranium. 6.13 Thorium. CHAPTER 7 - Anion Sorption on Gibbsite. 7.1 Modeling Methodology and Reactions. 7.2 Available Spectroscopic Data and Use in Modeling. 7.3 Phosphate. 7.4 Arsenate. 7.5 Arsenite. 7.6 Molybdate. 7.7 Selenate. 7.8 Chromate. 7.9 Borate. 7.10 Sulfate. 7.11 Fluoride. 7.12 Silicate. CHAPTER 8 - Coherence and Extrapolation of Results. 8.1 Cation Sorption on Gibbsite. 8.2 Anion Sorption on Gibbsite. 8.3 Comparison of Gibbsite surface complexation constants with those of Goethite, Hydrous Ferric Oxide and Hydrous Manganese Oxide. 8.4 Summary. REFERENCES. APPENDIX A. Summary of Experimental Details.
The Role of 2-[18F]-FDG PET/CT in Detecting Richter Transformation in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Systematic Review

Richter transformation (RT) is a condition wherein B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) transforms into a more aggressive lymphoma variant. The incidence and the significance of RT detected by 2-[18F]-FDG PET/CT is a clinical challenge and it is not widely investigated in the literature. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze published data about the potential role of 2-[18F]-FDG PET/CT in detecting RT. A comprehensive computer literature search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane library databases was conducted up to December 2020. Thirteen studies (1336 patients with CLL) were selected. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was the most common metabolic parameter used to detect RT. An SUVmax of 5 had an average overall sensitivity of 87% (range: 71–96%), an average overall specificity of 49% (range: 4–80%), an average positive predictive value of 41% (range: 16–53%) and an average negative predictive value of 84% (range: 33–97%). Other metabolic variables were only marginally investigated, with promising results. 2-[18F]-FDG PET/CT imaging may play an important role in the detection of RT in CLL, based on the high metabolic activity of the nodal lesions that transformed into aggressive lymphomas. 2-[18F]-FDG PET/CT has high negative predictive value for evaluating RT.
Synthesis and characterization of a novel amphiphilic poly (ethylene glycol)–poly (ε-caprolactone) graft copolymers

Abstract A series of amphiphilic graft copolymers PEO-g-PCL with different poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) molecular weight were successfully synthesized by a combination of anionic ring-opening polymerization (AROP) and coordination-insertion ring-opening polymerization. The linear PEO was produced by AROP of ethylene oxide (EO) and ethoxyethyl glycidyl ether initiated by 2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethoxide potassium, and the hydroxyl groups on the backbone were deprotected after hydrolysis. The ring-opening polymerization of CL was initiated using the linear poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) with hydroxyl group on repeated monomer as macroinitiator and Sn(Oct)2 as catalyst, then amphiphilic graft copolymers PEO-g-PCL were obtained. By changing the ratio of monomer and macroinitiator, a series of PEO-g-PCL with well-defined structure, molecular weight control, and narrow molecular weight distribution were prepared. The expected intermediates and final products were confirmed by 1H NMR and GPC analyzes. In addition, these amphiphilic graft copolymers could form spherical aggregates in aqueous solution by self-assemble, which were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, and the critical micelle concentration values of graft copolymers PEO-g-PCL were also examined in this article.
Numerical Investigation of the Clocking Effect on the Centrifugal Pump as Turbine

The clocking effect is widely recognized to have an important impact on the function of rotating machinery. The effect of the clocking position on the flow field and the hydraulic performance in a pump as turbine (PAT)with vane diffusers has been investigated and analyzed numerically. The results show the hydraulic performance of the PAT decreasing gradually as the diffuser blade near the tongue. Under optimal operating conditions, the maximum difference in efficiency for different guide vane positions is 2.2%. When the position of the tongue is equidistant from the two diffuser blades, the energy loss of the volute and the diffuser is minimized. And the flow field results prove that the timing position affects the flow field in the volute and diffuser to a certain extent, but has little effect on the impeller. In addition, this may provide ideas for the installation of PAT with guide vanes, and the diaphragm should be as far away as possible from the two adjacent diffuser blades.
Silicon strip defects and their impact on electrical performance of readout electronics

In preparation for the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) runs, the ATLAS inner detector will be completely replaced with an all silicon Inner Tracker (ITk). Hybrid silicon pixel modules will be used for the innermost tracking layers, and silicon micro-strip detectors will be used the outer layers of the tracker. During the production of the detector, the sensors, readout electronics, and other components will undergo a series of quality control (QC) and quality assurance tests. Defects in the fabrication of the sensors will be flagged early in the manufacturer's and ATLAS QC tests. A study of the influence of sensor defects was performed to assess the characteristics of these defects in completed modules, and whether any defect posed a risk to the operation of the front-end readout electronics. All defects were found to have no impact on the performance of the front-end readout electronics for healthy amplifier channels, and defects that short the coupling between the strip implant and the metal readout electrode were only noticeable for strip leakage currents in excess of 250 nA, beyond the end-of-life currents expected for most sensors at the HL-LHC.
Evolution of the climate in the next million years: A reduced-complexity
model for glacial cycles and impact of anthropogenic CO2 emissions

Abstract. We propose a reduced-complexity process-based model for the long-term evolution of the global ice volume, atmospheric CO2 concentration and global mean temperature. The model only external forcings are the orbital forcing and anthropogenic CO2 cumulative emissions. The model consists of a system of three coupled non-linear differential equations, representing physical mechanisms relevant for the evolution of the Climate – Ice Sheets – Carbon cycle System in timescales longer than thousands of years. The model is successful in reproducing the glacial-interglacial cycles of the last 800 kyr, in good agreement with the timing and amplitude of paleorecord fluctuations, with the best correlation between modelled and paleo global ice volume of 0.86. Using different model realisations, we produce a probabilistic forecast of the evolution of the Earth system over the next 1 million years under natural and several fossil-fuel CO2 release scenarios. In the natural scenario, the model assigns high probability of occurrence of long interglacials in the periods between present and 120 kyr after present, and between 400 kyr and 500 kyr after present. The next glacial inception is most likely to occur ~ 50 kyr after present with full glacial conditions developing ~ 90 kyr after present. The model shows that even already achieved cumulative CO2 anthropogenic emissions (500 PgC) are capable of affecting climate evolution for up to half million years, indicating that the beginning of the next glaciation is highly unlikely in the next 120 kyr. High cumulative anthropogenic CO2 emissions (3000 PgC or higher), which could potentially be achieved in the next two to three centuries if humanity does not curb the usage of fossil-fuels, will most likely provoke Northern Hemisphere landmass ice-free conditions throughout the next half million years, postponing the natural occurrence of the next glacial inception to 600 kyr after present or later.
Stationary leakage from a gravity sewer into horizontal unsaturated-saturated soil – a numerical benchmark for the verification of pipe leakage models

ABSTRACT Pipe leakage from defect subsurface gravity sewer pipe networks potentially contaminates soil and groundwater. In recent times, an increasing number of numerical pipe leakage models incorporating pipe flow, saturated-unsaturated flow in the subsurface, and exchange fluxes from and to leaky pipes have been developed. Numerical benchmarks are required in order to demonstrate result accuracy of these models. The present technical note represents a novel numerical benchmark of the pipe leakage problem describing pipe water exfiltration into horizontal unsaturated-saturated soil. The present benchmark enables to test the accurate calculation of the spatial potential distribution in the soil, which is affected by the water level in the leaky pipe. The derivation of an analytical solution for stationary pipe water exfiltration into a horizontal aquifer and a conceptual model for the setup of a corresponding numerical model is shown. Results of the analytical model are reproduced using the numerical leakage model OGS-HE.
What Do We Know about Botryosphaeriaceae? An Overview of a Worldwide Cured Dataset

Botryosphaeriaceae-related diseases occur worldwide in a wide variety of plant hosts. The number of studies targeting the distribution, diversity, ecology, and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae species are consistently increasing. However, with the lack of consistency in species delimitation, the name of hosts, and the locations of studies, it is almost impossible to quantify the presence of these species worldwide, or the number of different host–fungus interactions that occur. In this review, we collected and organized Botryosphaeriaceae occurrences in a single cured dataset, allowing us to obtain for the first time a complete perspective on species’ global diversity, dispersion, host association, ecological niches, pathogenicity, communication efficiency of new occurrences, and new host–fungus associations. This dataset is freely available through an interactive and online application. The current release (version 1.0) contains 14,405 cured isolates and 2989 literature references of 12,121 different host–fungus interactions with 1692 different plant species from 149 countries.
Input/Output EMI Filter Design for Three-Phase Ultra-High Speed Motor Drive GaN Inverter Stage

Pairing wide-bandgap (WBG) inverters with high-speed motors results in compact and effi cient motor drives, but requires special attention on electromagnetic interference (EMI) aspects. This paper focuses on electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of high-speed motor drives, supplied by a DC source. In order to protect the nearby equipment from the EMI noise of the WBG inverter, a fi lter that complies with conducted EMI regulations is placed at the inverter DC input-side. However, there is no clear mandate requiring from inverters to comply with conducted EMI regulations at the AC output-side, where only the motor is placed. For this reason, there is no full consensus whether it is necessary to use an output fi lter, and if so, what type of output fi lter would be suitable, i.e., if differential-mode (DM), common-mode (CM) or both DM/CM output fi lter would fi t best. A full sine-wave output fi lter (FSF) is proposed in this paper, that features both DM and CM attenuation, and capacitors connected to the DC link. Besides the several well established benefi ts of a FSF, such as purely sinusoidal motor currents and the protection of the motor against high du/dt originating from the fast switching of the semiconductor devices, a FSF at the inverter output-side, also reduces the CM EMI emissions at the inverter input-side. Namely, since the inverter housing, the motor housing and the interconnecting shielded cable are all grounded, CM emissions generated at the inverter output-side are directly mapped to the inverter input-side, i.e., there is an input-to-output CM noise interrelation. A FSF reduces the output-side CM EMI emissions and thus mitigates the input-to-output CM noise mutual influence. Two types of FSF (c-FSF and d-FSF) are comparatively evaluated, in terms of volume, losses and EMI performance. The theoretical consideration are tested within the context of a high-speed 280 krpm, 1 kW motor drive, with 80 V DC supply. The experimental results validate the good performance of the proposed filter concept.
Extensive hybridization between two Andean warbler species with shallow divergence in mtDNA

ABSTRACT Studying processes acting on differentiated populations upon secondary contact, such as hybridization, is important to comprehensively understand how species are formed and maintained over time. However, avian speciation studies in the tropical Andes have largely focused on the role of topographic and ecological barriers promoting divergence in allopatry, seldom examining hybridization and introgression. We describe a hybrid zone involving 2 closely related Andean warblers (Parulidae), the Golden-fronted Redstart (Myioborus ornatus), and the Spectacled Redstart (Myioborus melanocephalus). Geographic ranges of these species abut near the Colombia-Ecuador border and many specimens from the region exhibit intermediate phenotypes, but a formal description of phenotypic variation in the contact zone was heretofore lacking. We collected specimens across a transect encompassing the area where ranges abut and areas where only “pure” parental phenotypes of M. ornatus chrysops and M. melanocephalus ruficoronatus occur. We described variation in plumage traits including patterns of head and ventral coloration and tail markings based on 321 specimens. To describe genetic variation in the contact zone and over a broader phylogeographic context, we used sequences of the mitochondrial ND2 gene for 219 individuals across the transect and the entire range of both species, including all subspecies, from Venezuela to Bolivia. We documented a hybrid zone ∼200 km wide based on head coloration, where intermediate plumage phenotypes are most common and “pure” forms do not overlap geographically, consistent with extensive hybridization. Across the range of the M. ornatus–M. melanocephalus complex, mitochondrial genetic structure was shallow, with genetic breaks only coinciding clearly with one topographic feature. Such a low genetic structure is striking given the high diversity in plumage phenotypes and the current taxonomy of the group. Our phenotypic data suggest that barriers to hybridization are not strong, and allow us to postulate hypotheses to be tested using forthcoming genomic data. LAY SUMMARY We studied plumage and genetic variation in 2 species of Andean warblers. We found low genetic differentiation despite high plumage diversity and an extensive area where the species interbreed. Studying processes occurring when formerly separate populations come into contact is useful to understand how species are formed. However, in the Andes, an area with high bird species diversity, few studies have focused on such processes. We found that populations of these warblers with marked differences in coloration do not have marked genetic differences, which may reflect the rapid evolution of color patterns in the group. We also found that our study species have interbred across ∼200 km along the Andes, and that hybrids are common. Our work represents the first comprehensive sampling across the area where this species hybridize, and thus sets the base for future studies that might further our knowledge about the origin of species in Andean birds.
First report of enterobacter cloacae in shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) in Indonesia

Shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) is one of the important vegetable crops in Indonesia. Shallots are very susceptible to diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria. Bacterial pathogens that infect onions generally can invade and infect species of other the genus Allium members. This study aims to identify the bacterial pathogens associated with shallot bulbs disease with phenotype and genotype approach (molecular). Sampling shallot bulbs disease conducted at two locations shallot production centers in Indonesia, namely the Regency of Bantul and Nganjuk in August-September 2012. Isolation initial bacterial pathogens of shallot bulbs disease using culture methods or pure culture. For phenotyping approach is done through observation of the colony and cell morphology, biochemistry, and physiology test bacteria. Whereas the genotyping approach, the identification is made based on the analysis of 16S rRNA sequences of technique Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR). The results show that the identification of phenotypically UBNG21 isolates has characteristics in similarity with the characteristics of Enterobacter cloacae, causing bulb decay. Amplification of the 16S rRNA gene using PCR UBNG21 isolates produce 1500 bp fragment size. The results obtained by sequencing isolates UBNG21, which has a value of 97% homology with E. cloacae. The results of this study are the first report of the presence of E. cloacae associated with disease shallot bulbs in Indonesia.
Pioneers of the plantation economy: militarism, dispossession and the limits of growth in the Wa State of Myanmar

The characteristic mobility of highland populations in Southeast Asia relied to a large extent on their particular adaption to an ecological environment: swidden cultivation of tubers on mountain slopes. This ecology corresponded to cosmologies in which potency was limitless, or at least had no fixed and delimited precinct (as did the rice paddies and Buddhist realms in the valleys). Military state building, modern transport, and new crops and agricultural technologies have effectively ended swidden cultivation. In this article, I follow the pioneers of the plantation economy in the Wa State of Myanmar, who dispossess local populations of their land and employ them as plantation labour. The limits of growth and potency they encounter are (a) in the natural environment and (b) in the resistance of local populations. Yet, even though there are such limits, the potency to which these pioneers aspire is still limitless. It is however channelled through a new economy of life, epitomised in the plantation, nourished in excessive feasting, and maintained by the kinship dynamics of capture and care.
A Parametric Study of Inductive SWIPT Systems Assisted by Metamaterial Using Virtual Magnetic TL-Based Channel Modeling

This paper presents a general methodology based on the description of the inductive channel as virtual magnetic transmission-lines (VMGTLs). In comparison with other existing methods, VMGTL approach presents a better physical insight of the channel behavior since the model correctly preserves the energy flow between the transmitting and receiving coils. Besides that, it facilitates the integration into the analysis of highly nonlinear and dispersive structures such as metamaterial (MTM) lenses. Particularly, the virtual-TL analogy clarifies that the enhancement of the transmission gain between any two coils assisted by MTM is not due to an enhanced coupling between the drivers, as usually claimed, but to the emergence of propagating near-field modes supported by the MTM. This approach, by means of a parametric study, also indicates, for the first time, that MTMs could be employed not only for the increasing of power but also of data transfer due to the emergence of a sub-resonant region of minimum distortion. Nonetheless, since both effects are mutually exclusive, no passive MTM structure could simultaneously improve power and data transmission.