Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of heterotic loci for seven yield and yield-related traits in maize with a set of introgression lines.

Dissection of the genetic basis of heterosis facilitates hybrid breeding in crops. In this study, heterotic loci (HL) for seven yield and yield-related traits were identified in a set of maize introgression lines (ILs) under two environments (locations)by a backcross population with one of their parents, Zong 3. Middle parent heterosis of seven yield and yield-related traits was calculated based on the field experiments conducted at two locations. A total of 120 significant loci for six traits were identified by calculating marker-trait coefficients with the software Graphical Genotypes (GGT) 2.0, and 48 loci represent for five traits were commonly identified under two environments. This indicates that it is possible to identify HL with the population derived from ILs. Of the 48 significant loci, 13were found to be associated with more than 2 different traits, indicating strong genetic correlations among these traits. For yield and most of the yield-related traits, the heterozygosity of the markers at the HL were strongly correlated to the performance of middle parent heterosis, suggesting that the HL identified in this study could be used for heterosis prediction and maker-assisted selection in maize hybrid breeding.
Triterpenoid and Phenolic Compounds from Two Chilean Celastraceae

Three triterpenoid quinonemethides. one triterpene (β-amyrin) and three phenolic compounds were isolated from the roots of Maytenus chubutensis (Speg.) Lourt. , O’Don. et Sleum. and Maytenus disticha (Hook. f.) (Celastraceae). The triterpenoid quinonemethides were identified as tingenone, celastrol and pristimerin. The triterpenoid was identified as β-amyrin and phenolic compounds were identified as catechin, galocatechin and (-)epicatechin
A multi-year study of pre-service teachers’ literacy practices in the content areas: time epistemologies and indicators of stasis and growth

ABSTRACT This three-year study focuses on 42 pre-service teachers’ perspectives on integrating literacy into their content area teaching. Pre-service teachers described time as an influential factor shaping their teaching practices, and, we found, that perceptions of time influenced pre-service teachers’ reported ability and willingness to plan for and enact the implementation of literacy strategies as part of content area lessons. While we noted a number of factors related to time, we were particularly drawn to three time-related factors that signified for pre-service teacher participants’ active roles and agency in how they were enacted in the classroom. Identifying temporal concerns about curriculum, learner response to literacy practices, and use of classroom time to scaffold learning allowed us to specify aspects of participants’ pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) development as well as facets of limited PCK growth. Using time as a theoretical lens to view pre-service teachers’ accounts of literacy practices, we suggest, provides insights into their PCK, specifically indicators of stasis and growth, and understanding about pre-service teacher resistance or acceptance to the infusion of literacy into content area teaching.
TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT REACTION IN DROPLET-LADEN HOMOGENEOUS TURBULENCE

Temperature-dependent reaction in homogeneous turbulence laden with fuel droplets is investigated via numerical simulation. Homogeneous shear and isotropic decaying flows are considered here as main configurations; however, some discussions also are presented with reference to stationary isotropic turbulence. Comparisons also are provided between constant- and variable-rate reactions. For all the simulations a two-way coupled Eulerian? Lagrangian formulation is implemented in the context of compressible flows. The results are utilized to investigate the evolution of the temperature, the fuel vapor mass fraction, and the reaction zone. Extensive data also are provided for correlations between the reaction rate and various flow parameters. These data are used to reveal some of the minute features of two-phase turbulent reactive flows, which clearly exhibit the importance of various timescales involved.
Discrimination, Stress, and Acculturation Among Dominican Immigrant Women

Researchers have well established the association between discriminatory experiences, life chances, and mental health outcomes among Latino/as, especially among Mexican Americans. However, few studies have focused on the impact of stress or the moderating effects of low acculturation levels among recent immigrants, such as Dominicans. Using the transactional stress model, the present community-based study examines the relationship between discrimination and stress, and whether this association varies by low acculturation levels in a sample of 246 Dominican women. Results indicate a positive relationship between major racist events (e.g., job-related discrimination), everyday discrimination (e.g., not receiving services in a store), and stress levels. Furthermore, low acculturation moderated the impact that discriminatory experiences had on the stress level of Dominican women. Implications for further research on discrimination and stress among Dominican immigrants are discussed.
Effects of Light, Flooding, and Weeding on Experimental Restoration of an Endangered Hawaiian Fern

Conservation of rare plants can be accomplished by the restoration practice of reintroduction, but subsequent management is often required. In species with narrow habitat requirements, it is especially difficult to predict which management methods will be successful at new locations. Marsilea villosa is an endangered endemic Hawaiian fern with only seven remaining populations in ephemerally flooding drylands. Among its uncommon traits are long‐lived sporocarps, a requirement of flood and drought to complete its sexual life cycle, and the potential for extensive vegetative growth. An experiment was performed to determine which restoration techniques might best facilitate growth of outplanted M. villosa. The following effects were tested in a split‐plot factorial design: flooding (once/none), light (50% shade/full sun), weeding (bi‐monthly/none), and all interactions. We hypothesized that flooding would have the largest single‐factor effect and that there would be interactions among treatments. As hypothesized, flooding had the greatest positive effect on percent cover and sporocarp production. However, shade also increased cover over full sun when the plants began to experience drought. There was an interaction of light × flooding because M. villosa grew best in flooded, shaded plots. Weeding had no significant effect except in combination with flooding. Beyond protected status, current management of M. villosa only includes weed management at some populations. This study shows that if reintroducing new populations, the need for labor‐intensive weed management might be reduced if M. villosa is planted under conditions of flooding and moderate shade.
COMPUTATION OF BOUNDARY LAYER TRANSITION USING LOW-REYNOLDS-NUMBER TURBULENCE MODELS

A literature review shows that, for the commonly used turbulence models, the predicted location of boundary layer transition is very sensitive to the initial profiles of turbulence quantities and starting location of calculation. To eliminate these effects, two independent solution approaches are proposed: (1) to solve the boundary layer equations over a flat plate with the starting location of calculation very close to the leading edge of the plate, and (2) to solve the elliptic Navier-Stokes equations over the whole plate, including the leading edge and some region upstream of it. Computations show both approaches lead to identical results. Three well-known low-Reynolds-number (LRN) turbulence models are evaluated with respect to the transition on a flat plate. None of the models are able to predict the quantitative aspects of transition correctly without an ad hoc adjustment. A satisfactory new turbulence model is presented in a companion paper.
Systematics of trichostema L. (Lamiaceae) and phylogenetic relationships with its disjunct taxa in Asia

The so-called Caryopteris-Trichostema complex (Lamiaceae) consists of these two genera and several monotypic or very small genera. Trichostema is North American whereas all other taxa are Asiatic. Parsimony analyses of morphology and sequences from the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and the chloroplast DNA ndhF gene were performed to assess the sectional relationships within Trichostema. A cladistic analysis of the complex was carried out using ndhF sequences to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships of Trichostema with its related taxa in Asia. The monophyly of Trichostema is strongly supported in all analyses except for the morphological phylogeny. Two well-supported monophyletic sections, i.e., Chromocephalum and Trichostema, appear in all analyses. Three combinations of morphological and molecular data (ITS, ndhF, ITS plus ndhF) suggest that section Chromocephalum is sister to the rest of Trichostema, and sections Orthopodium and Paniculatum are monophyletic. Although the molecular data alone suggest that Trichostema brachiatum is not a member of section Orthopodium, morphology and all analyses of the combined morphological and molecular data suggest that T. brachiatum is sister to the rest of section Orthopodium. The ndhF phylogeny of the Caryopteris-Trichostema complex suggests that Caryopteris s.l. ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. is polyphyletic; Caryopteris s. str. , Pseudocaryopteris, Schnabelia, and Trichostema are strongly supported as monophyletic. Tripora divaricata, the sole member of the genus and characterized by its porate pollen, is sister to Pseudocaryopteris in a moderately supported clade. Rubiteucris is well supported as sister to Schnabelia. The ndhF analysis provides strong evidence to support the transfer of S. nepetifolia and S. temiflora from Caryopteris to Schnabelia by Cantino et al. Although the ndhF data suggest that the sister group of Trichostema is Caryopteris, with Amethystea the next most closely related taxon, the analyses that combined ITS and ndhF data with morphological data suggest that the sister group of Trichostema is Amethystea, a clade comprising Amethystea and Caryopteris, or a clade comprising Amethystea and Teucrium. The evolution of gynoecial morphology and the biogeographic history of the Caryopteris-Trichostema complex are discussed from a phylogenetic
Crude oil aggregation by microscopy and dynamic light scattering

ABSTRACT This research is focused on establishing a methodology to evaluate the aggregation state of Mexican crude oil solutions from two different sources and SARA compositions, by using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). Different crude oil concentrations were established and monitored through time in order to determine their effects on the aggregation state. DLS results indicate that the aggregation state of the studied solutions is influenced by crude oil composition, specifically by the amount of resins. Particle size and elemental analysis of the aggregates were performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), respectively. Results from these techniques reveal particulated low-porosity smooth surfaces due to the presence of resin, as well as the determination of the characteristic elements found in asphaltenes. High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HTEM) indicated the presence of asphaltene aggregates constituted by nanometric particles and asphaltene stacking as well as ultrafine nanocrystalline-oriented structures.
Abundance, distribution and flow-cytometric characterization of picophytoprokaryote populations in central (17°S) and southern (20°S) shelf waters of the Great Barrier Reef

Synechococcus was more abundant and had a greater biomass than Prochlorococcus at most inshore and mid-shelf sites in the central (17°S) Great Barrier Reef (GBR), and at all shelf sites in the southern (20°S) GBR. Significant Prochlorococcus populations were confined to mid- and outer-shelf sites with mixed or partially stratified water columns of greater oceanic character in the central GBR, where depth-weighted average Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus abundances were better correlated with salinity, shelf depth and chlorophyll a concentration, than with concentrations of NH 4 + , NO x - (i.e. NO 2 - + NO 3 - ), or PO 4 3- . Vertical gradients of normalized mean cellular red and orange fluorescence of Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus populations imply that vertical mixing rates were sufficiently low to allow these populations to photoacclimate at depth at shelf locations in the central GBR, but too great for substantial photoacclimation to be observed at sites in the southern GBR. The presence of Prochlorococcus populations at inshore sites in the central GBR in the absence of extensive intrusion events suggests that Prochlorococcus populations were actively growing.
An Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Intervention

There were several important findings in this study. First, there was statistically significant improvement in task skills, interpersonal skills, and role functioning among participants involved in the Role Development program, especially at four weeks of treatment. In contrast, participants involved in the comparison group, the multidepartmental activity program, showed less improvement, no improvement, or an actual decrease in their task and interpersonal skills. Furthermore, participants in the Role Development program were able to describe the positive changes they experienced as well as long-term benefits as a result of their participation in the program. Although the participants in the multidepartmental activity program described some positive attributes of their program, they could not describe any specific benefits or long-term benefits of that program. Support for the Role Development program was also evident in the feedback from the staff who participated in the training and implementation of the program. Upon completion of the study, staff described the intervention as a means to develop a more personalized, collaborative relationship with their patients as well as a means to increase staff skills.
Numerical simulation of condensation for R410A at a different saturation temperature in mini/micro tubes

ABSTRACT Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of condensation for R410A inside horizontal tubes (dh = 0.25, 1, and 4 mm) at saturation temperatures Tsat = 310, 320, and 330 K are investigated numerically. Liquid–vapor interfaces and stream traces are also presented to provide a better understanding of the effect of saturation temperature on the condensation process inside micro tubes. The results indicate that local heat transfer coefficients and pressure drop gradients increase with increasing mass flux and vapor quality and with decreasing tube diameter and saturation temperature. Liquid film thickness also increases with increasing saturation temperature because of the lower surface tension at a higher saturation temperature. When gravity dominates the condensation process, a vortex with its core lying at the bottom of the tube is found in the vapor phase region. For annular flow regime at dh = 0.25 mm, the vortex disappears, and stream traces point from the symmetry plan to the liquid–vapor interface, where the vapor phase turns into the liquid phase. Numerical heat transfer coefficients and pressure drop gradients are compared with available empirical correlations. Two new models for heat transfer coefficients and frictional pressure drop gradients are developed based on the numerical work. A reasonable agreement between predicted and numerical results is obtained.
Social system of the lesser mouse-deer (Tragulus javanicus)

The lesser mouse-deer (Tragulus javanicus), the smallest ungulate species in the world (Ronald 1991), is a common native to the tropical forests of Southeast Asia. As the mouse-deer is a primitive ruminant, investigating their social system is necessary for understanding the evolution of social systems in ungulates. Except for a few field reports on group size (Ratnam 1982; Miura and Idris 1999) and on the fighting and marking behaviours of males based on fragmental observations (Davison 1980), there are almost no reports on their social behavior in their natural habitant. To study social system of the lesser mouse-deer in natural habitat, we analyzed 1) the group size, 2) the core-area overlap, and 3) interaction among neighboring individuals.
Genealogical Diversity Suggests Multiple Introductions of White Suckers (Catostomus commersonii) Into the Rio Grande, New Mexico

Abstract We used two mitochondrial and eight nuclear microsatellite gene loci to compare genetic diversity and genetic affinities of white suckers (Catostomus commersonii) introduced into the Rio Grande of northern New Mexico to putative source populations in the Pecos and Canadian rivers of northeastern New Mexico. Estimates of genetic diversity based on allelic identity were similar among localities from all three drainages, whereas samples of non-native white suckers from the Rio Grande exhibited greater genealogical diversity. We attributed increased genetic diversity in the Rio Grande to separate introductions from ≥2 genetically distinct source populations, only one of which appeared to be from either the Pecos River or the Canadian River. There also was a divergent haplotype in the Pecos River, consistent with the introduction of a non-native lineage into this native population.
COMPLEX DYNAMICS IN STOCHASTIC TRITROPHIC MODELS

We analyzed three models of tritrophic interactions among hosts, parasitoids, and hyperparasitoids. In their deterministic versions, all models can produce dynamics in the form of a torus, in which there are both short-term cycles and long-term cycles of tens or hundreds of generations. To investigate whether similar long-term patterns can occur when there is environmental variability, we produced stochastic versions of the three models. Long-term population fluctuations occurred over a wider range of parameter values in the stochastic models than in the deterministic models. This suggests that long-term population fluctuations are plausible features of natural tritrophic systems. We use this example to argue that characterizing nonlinearities should not be the sole objective when analyzing stochastic population dynamics. The long-term dynamical patterns produced by our stochastic models can be investigated using linear techniques to quantify the patterns of density dependence in the multispecies system. These techniques identify long-term patterns as near-random-walk dynamics occurring concomitantly with short-term quasi-cyclic dynamics in the three-dimensional three-species system. Interpreting stochastic population dynamics in terms of patterns of density dependence makes it possible to identify the potential for long-term population fluctuations in the absence of very long-term data sets.
Status, distribution, and genetics of Blair's fencing crayfish, Faxonella blairi (Decapoda: Cambaridae)

Abstract During a multi-year study of the rare Blair's fencing crayfish (Faxonella blairi Hayes and Reimer), we made 87 collections in 10 counties throughout the West Gulf Coastal Plain of southwestern Arkansas. Intensive searches throughout these counties revealed the presence of 36 new populations of F. blairi in Little River, Miller, and Sevier counties. In each of these counties, F. blairi was found to be a locally abundant crayfish. New county records from museum collections were documented for Columbia and Howard counties, Arkansas, and Cass County, Texas. Additionally, we surveyed genetic variation in F. blairi and found them to be a monophyletic group with a sister relationship to Faxonella clypeata but with clear genetic distinctiveness from this sister taxon. There was modest genetic variation within Arkansas, and this genetic variation was greater than that across Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas for F. blairi. Faxonella blairi should be considered as currently stable due to its more widespread distribution than previously believed and general abundance throughout its range in southwestern Arkansas.
Flammulina species from China inferred by morphological and molecular data

Morphological, phylogenetic and biogeographic studies were carried out on Chinese collections of Flammulina. It is revealed that at least four species [F rossica, Flammulina sp. (HKAS 51191), F velutipes and F. yunnanensis] occur in China. Flammulina yunnanensis is described as new based on morphological and molecular data. F. rossica, a new record to China, is confirmed to have a Holarctic distribution. Flammulina sp. has a hymeniform suprapellis but is phylogenetically close to F. velutipes. Analyses of the ITS/5.8S rDNA sequences of Flammulina species Suggest that collections of F. velutipes from China are more closely related to a Canadian Population rather than to those of Europe and the USA.
Baja diferenciación genética entre poblaciones de sardina, Sardinella aurita, del oriente venezolano

In view of the great importance of Sardinella aurita as a fisheries resource in the Caribbean region, we studied the genetic differentiation among the populations from Mochima, Gulf of Cariaco and Morro de Puerto Santo, eastern Venezuela, and compared the levels of variation and population subdivision with populations from the Mediterranean and Atlantic coast of Africa (previously reported). For this, we extracted DNA from 15 muscle samples for each population. A fragment containing the control region of the mitochondrial DNA was amplified and the restriction patterns were determined using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with the enzymes Taq I, Eco RI, Hae III and Alu I. The amplification of this region produced a fragment approximately 1000 bp long or, rarely, one of approximately 1100 bp long. No further difference was found through the RFLP analysis. The comparison of the Venezuelan populations produced FST values under 0.06 and the analysis of molecular variance showed no significant differences between them. This is an indication of very low genetic differentiation among these populations, so it is not possible to discard the presence of a panmictic population in this region. The comparison of the Venezuelan and Mediterranean populations produced very low FST values, while the comparison of the former with African populations from Mauritania, Senegal, Ivory Coast and Ghana produced FST values ten times larger.