Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The basic theory of boundary protection for EHV transmission lines

Transmission line protection based on transient components without communication links is called boundary protection. The basic theory of boundary protection is described in the paper. By analyzing the fault-induced transients, it is found that the different characters of transients at single-end between the internal and external faults are decided by the frequency characteristics of reflection and refraction coefficients of line boundary. The different time-frequency characters of transient components between internal and external faults are discovered based on analyzing the frequency response of reflection and refraction coefficients of line boundary. The boundary protection schemes can be constructed guided by the theory.
Single-channel operation in very long nonlinear fibers with optical amplifiers at zero dispersion

The author investigates, by means of computer simulations, the performance of a very long, single-channel optical fiber system operating very close to the zero-dispersion wavelength of the fiber. Fiber losses are compensated by optical amplifiers. The optical signal is filtered after each amplifier, is passed through a final optical filter prior to square-law detection, and is finally filtered electrically. It is found that such a system does not work well if the fiber dispersion is strictly constant and if the carrier wavelength of the modulated signal coincides with the zero-dispersion wavelength of the fiber. As a result, the optical signal spectrum spreads to many times its initial width so that power is lost in the optical filters and the signal-to-noise ratio is degraded by the need for admitting a wider band of noise to the receiver. >
Exploring the most influenced financial determinants of supply chain management by cross-employing factor analysis approach and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method

A majority of manufacturing companies are confronting the various financial influences on modern supply chain management. Therefore, this research employs factor analysis approach to synthetically evaluate the weight measurements of random Taiwanese interviewees and significantly further applies fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method to testify measured results of factor analysis approach to successfully institute the most reliably evaluated model in order to induce the most influenced financial determinants for effectually minimizing the negative financial influences. Consequently, sale forecast accuracy of forecasting financial assessed factor, inventory-sales days of delivery financial assessed factor, and supplier’s material delivered on-time rate of electronic-transaction financial assessed factor are the most influenced financial determinants. The most valuable contribution of this research is to academically resupply research gap as well as empirically provide handy recommendations for relative manufacturing industrialists in this contemporarily complex, higher comparative, and lower profit era.
Associations of Medical Visits with Dentist Visits: A Register-Linkage Study of a Working-Age Population in Finland

Studies have usually addressed the utilization of either medical or dental services, and less is known about how medical and dentist visits are associated. As oral health is linked to systemic health, knowledge on care coordination between dental and medical services is important to gain understanding of the overall functioning of health care. Register data on 25–64-year-old residents of the city of Oulu, Finland, were used for the years 2017–2018 (N = 91,060). Logit models were estimated to analyze the probability of dentist visits, according to the number of medical visits in total and by three separate health care sectors. The majority, 61%, had visited both a medical professional and a dentist. All sectors combined, as few as one to two visits increased the odds of dentist visits (OR: 1.43, CI: 1.33, 1.53). When separated by medical professionals’ health care sectors, for one to two visits, the strongest association was found with public (OR: 1.17, CI: 1.12, 1.22) and private sector (OR: 1.35, CI: 1.30, 1.41). For occupational health service visits, the odds increased only after six or more visits. The results support the idea of integrated medical and dental care. However, the result may also arise from individual health behavior where health-conscious persons seek both medical and dental care independently.
An improved carrierwave-based SVPWM method using phase voltage redundancies for generalized cascaded multilevel inverter topology

Carrierwave-based space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM), which is considered as a highly simple and efficient PWM technology, can be also used in multilevel inverters. The method was originally designed for the two-level inverter and developed to the diode-clamped multilevel inverter structure. However it may be noted that it also causes bad switch utilization in cascaded multilevel inverters. This paper introduces an improved carrierwave-based SVPWM scheme, which is fully compliant with cascaded inverter topologies because it can achieve the optimized switch utilization using phase voltage redundancies while having the advantages of the conventional carrierwave-based SVPWM. Using experimental results, the superior performance of a new PWM method is shown.
A case of morphological convergence in sections Stephania and Ciliatae of the liverwort genus Scapania (Scapaniaceae, Marchantiophyta) and an extension of the range of S. metahimalayana to China

ABSTRACT Introduction The discovery of Scapania metahimalayana in China highlighted its morphological convergence with S. koponenii, S. pseudojavanica and S. stephanii, belonging to sections Ciliatae and Stephania. This initiated a study of these species with a focus on S. metahimalayana, with the aim of defining the parameters of their morphological variability using morphological and molecular-genetic methods and finding key characters for their differentiation. Methods A comparison of Scapania metahimalayana, S. koponenii, S. pseudojavanica and S. stephanii was carried out using morphological methods as well as molecular comparison of their ITS1–2/trnL–F/rbcL regions. Key results The separation of Scapania metahimalayana, S. koponenii, S. pseudojavanica and S. stephanii at the species level is confirmed. They are distinct in pigmentation, leaf areolation and surface structure, gemma morphology, perianth mouth structure, and distribution pattern. Morphological and molecular distinctions are tabulated and discussed. A key to species and photomicrographs of S. metahimalayana and S. pseudojavanica are provided. Scapania metahimalayana and S. pseudojavanica are reported for the first time for Yunnan, with S. metahimalayana new to China. The considerable morphological similarity of these four taxa highlights the importance of joint morphological and molecular study for the identification of the infrageneric position of separate species.
On the operational definition of processing time uncertainty

The uncertainty of processing time has been reported to have a significant effect on the performance of dispatch rules. However, one noticeable result was that dispatch rules directly related to processing times were relatively insensitive to the uncertainty of processing time, while one might have previously expected otherwise. Actual processing times were generated in previous studies in such a way that variation of actual processing time increased together with uncertainty levels. As variation and uncertainty presented as one confounded factor in experiments, one question raised here is whether processing time uncertainty really has a substantial effect on the performance of dispatch rules. A two-stage approach used here investigated the current operational definition of processing time uncertainty by previous researchers and concluded that a new operational definition is desirable? one that isolates uncertainty rather than lumping it in with variation.
Microstructure Evolution of FeNiCoCrAl1.3Mo0.5 High Entropy Alloy during Powder Preparation, Laser Powder Bed Fusion, and Microplasma Spraying

In the present study, powder of FeCoCrNiMo0.5Al1. 3 HEA was manufactured by gas atomization process, and then used for laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) and microplasma spraying (MPS) technologies. The processes of phase composition and microstructure transformation during above mentioned processes and subsequent heat treatment were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and differential thermal analysis (DTA) methods. It was found that gas atomization leads to a formation of dendrites of body centered cubic (BCC) supersaturated solid solution with insignificant Mo-rich segregations on the peripheries of the dendrites. Annealing leads to an increase of element segregations till to decomposition of the BCC solid solution and formation of σ-phase and B2 phase. Microstructure and phase composition of L-PBF sample are very similar to those of the powder. The MPS coating has a little fraction of face centered cubic (FCC) phase because of Al oxidation during spraying and formation of regions depleted in Al, in which FCC structure becomes more stable. Maximum hardness (950 HV) is achieved in the powder and L-PBF samples after annealing at 600 °C. Elastic modulus of the L-PBF sample, determined by nanoindentation, is 165 GPa, that is 12% lower than that of the cast alloy (186 GPa).
Ensemble Metropolis Light Transport

This article proposes a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) rendering algorithm based on a family of guided transition kernels. The kernels exploit properties of ensembles of light transport paths, which are distributed according to the lighting in the scene, and utilize this information to make informed decisions for guiding local path sampling. Critically, our approach does not require caching distributions in world space, saving time and memory, yet it is able to make guided sampling decisions based on whole paths. We show how this can be implemented efficiently by organizing the paths in each ensemble and designing transition kernels for MCMC rendering based on a carefully chosen subset of paths from the ensemble. This algorithm is easy to parallelize and leads to improvements in variance when rendering a variety of scenes.
Radioactive nuclei in the early Solar System: Analysis of the 15 isotopes produced by core-collapse supernovae

Short-lived radioactive isotopes (SLRs) with half-lives between 0.1 to 100 Myr can be used to probe the origin of the Solar System. In this work, we examine the core-collapse supernovae production of the 15 SLRs produced: 26Al, 36Cl, 41Ca, 53Mn, 60Fe, 92Nb, 97Tc, 98Tc, 107Pd, 126Sn, 129I, 135Cs, 146Sm, 182Hf, and 205Pb. We probe the impact of the uncertainties of the core-collapse explosion mechanism by examining a collection of 62 core-collapse models with initial masses of 15, 20, and 25 M⊙, explosion energies between 3.4 × 1050 and 1.8 × 1052 ergs and compact remnant masses between 1.5 M⊙ and 4.89 M⊙. We identify the impact of both explosion energy and remnant mass on the final yields of the SLRs. Isotopes produced within the innermost regions of the star, such as 92Nb and 97Tc, are the most affected by the remnant mass, 92Nb varying by five orders of magnitude. Isotopes synthesised primarily in explosive C-burning and explosive He-burning, such as 60Fe, are most affected by explosion energies. 60Fe increases by two orders of magnitude from the lowest to the highest explosion energy in the 15 M⊙ model. The final yield of each examined SLR is used to compare to literature models.
SELECTED APPLICATIONS OF DEEP NEURAL NETWORKS IN SKIN LESION DIAGNOSTIC

The article provides an overview of selected applications of deep neural networks in the diagnosis of skin lesions from human dermatoscopic images, including many dermatological diseases, including very dangerous malignant melanoma. The lesion segmentation process, features selection and classification was described. Application examples of binary and multiclass classification are given. The described algorithms have been widely used in the diagnosis of skin lesions. The effectiveness, specificity, and accuracy of classifiers were compared and analysed based on available datasets.
Assessing Writing in French-as-a-Foreign-Language: Teacher Practices and Learner Uptake

Formative assessment and adaptive instruction have been focus areas in Norwegian educational policy for more than a decade. Writing instruction in the language subjects is no exception; assessment of writing should help the learners improve their writing skills and, thus, feedback must be adapted to the individual learner’s needs. The present study aims to shed light on the relations between teacher feedback practices and learner uptake in French-as-a-foreign-language upper secondary classes in Norway. Using material from a longitudinal corpus of learner texts, including teacher feedback (the TRAWL corpus), the study investigates the written feedback practices of three L3 French teachers, and explores whether any signs of uptake can be identified in 27 learners’ new pieces of writings. The findings show that although the teachers followed best practice principles for formative assessment and written corrective feedback, less than half of the students showed any signs of uptake in subsequent pieces of writing. With one exception, these were students with an intermediate-high to very high proficiency level in French. The study emphasises the importance of strategies that could encourage learners to use the feedback they receive, thus moving the centre of attention from teacher practices to learner activities.
Effect of Graft and Nano ZnO on Nutraceutical and Mineral Content in Bell Pepper

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of grafting, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), and their interaction on the nutritional composition of bell pepper plants. The treatments evaluated included grafted and non-grafted pepper plants with four concentrations of ZnO NPs (0, 10, 20, 30 mg L−1) applied to the foliage. The following parameters were evaluated: content of N, P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, total antioxidants, ascorbic acid, total phenols, glutathione, total proteins, fruit firmness, and total soluble solids. Grafting increased the content of N 12.2%, P 15.9%, K+ 26.7%, Mg2+ 20.3%, Mn2+ 34.7%, Zn2+ 19.5%, Fe2+ 18.2%, Cu2+ 11.5%, antioxidant capacity 2.44%, ascorbic acid 4.63%, total phenols 1.33%, glutathione 7.18%, total proteins 1.08%, fruit firmness 8.8%. The application of 30 mg L−1 ZnO NPs increased the content of N 12.3%, P 25.9%, Mg2+ 36.8%, Mn2+ 42.2%, Zn2+ 27%, Fe2+ 45%, antioxidant activity 13.95%, ascorbic acid 26.77%, total phenols 10.93%, glutathione 11.46%, total proteins 11.01%, and fruit firmness 17.7% compared to the control. The results obtained demonstrate the influence of the use of grafts and ZnO NPs as tools that could improve the quality and nutrient content in fruits of bell pepper crops.
Nonlinear Guidance and Control Laws for Three-Dimensional Target Tracking Applied to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

In this paper, a backstepping-based nonlinear guidance controller is developed, designed for three-dimensional trajectory tracking for an unmanned aerial vehicle. The guidance law design assumes first-order dynamics for the speed, course/heading, and flight path angles. The three-dimensional kinematic model is simplified to yield a seemingly decoupled system that separates the course/heading from the flight path angle. A closed loop stability of the guidance laws via Lyapunov analysis is demonstrated, and the efficacy of the controller is illustrated for three representative cases.
Design, product development, innovation: all the same in the end? A short discussion on terminology

The spectrum of terminology to describe the professional and academic field “design” is manifold. Terms like design, engineering design, product development, and innovation are widely accepted and used. Whereas some of these terms are common in the business area, others are rather used in the engineering field. Based on the terminologies from exponents of the design science as well as other communities, the paper tries to broaden the view on what “design” means. Additionally, the paper highlights the accordance and differences between the terms design, product development and innovation, and attempts to derive implications for organising research practice in such a broader context. The paper should be seen as starting point for a wider discussion. Best Young Design Researcher paper at the Design 2004 Society Conference in Dubrovnik, as judged by a panel in which Professors Marjanović, Birkhofer and Andreasen were included.
Adaptive fault‐tolerant control for fractional‐order fuzzy financial time‐delay system

This work is allocated to investigate the problem of stabilization and fault tracking of fractional‐order (FO) fuzzy financial time‐delay system. And some situations that affect or collapse the whole system are taken into account as faults in system states. Precisely, an observer‐based controller that incorporates the estimated‐fault is introduced into the addressed system to handle these kinds of faults, and is called fuzzy fault‐tolerant controller. Moreover, a novel class of linear‐matrix‐inequality (LMI) constrains are derived forasymptotic stability of addressed system by using Lyapunov–Krasovskii (LK) functional employee. At last, a numerical example part includes two samples are given to assist the derived theoretical results.
Electron Beam Measurements Employing Electron Montecarlo Algorithm on TrueBeam STx® and Clinac iX® Linear Accelerators

Electron beam measurement comparison between TrueBeam STx® and Clinac iX® established. Data evaluation of eMC-calculated and measured for TrueBeam STx® performed. Dosimetric parameters measured including depth dose curves for each applicator, percentage depth dose (PDDs) curves without applicator, the profile in-air for a large field size 40×40 cm2, and the Absolute Dose (cGy/MU) for each applicator using a large water phantom (PTW, Freiburg, Germany), employing Roos and Markus plane-parallel ionization chambers. The data were examined for five electron beams of Varian’s TrueBeam STx® and Clinac iX® machines. A comparison between measurement PDDs and calculated by the Eclipse electron Monte Carlo (eMC) algorithm was performed to validate Truebeam STx® commissioning. The measured data indicated that electron beam PDDs from the TrueBeam STx® machine are well matched to those from Clinac iX® machine. The quality index R50 for applicator 15×15 cm2 was in the tolerance intervals. However, Surface dose (Ds) increases with increasing energy for both accelerators. Comparisons between the measured and eMC-calculated values revealed that the R100, R90, R80, and R50 values mostly agree within 5 mm. Measured and calculated bremsstrahlung tail Rp correlates well statistically. Ds agrees mostly within 2%. Electron beams were successfully validated for TrueBeam STx®, a good agreement between modeled and measured data was observed.
General optical all-pass filter structures for dispersion control in WDM systems

All-pass filters (APFs) are devices that allow phase correction or equalization without introducing any amplitude distortion. An optical implementation of such devices is very attractive since they can be used for dispersion compensation. In contrast to other dispersion control devices, optical APFs can correct any order of dispersion. This can be achieved by careful design of multistage APFs to approximate a target phase profile. However, large dispersion is usually narrow band or requires many filter stages. These performance tradeoffs and the general phase properties of optical APFs are reviewed and clarified in the first part of this paper. In the second part, a general design methodology of optical APFs is introduced. We show that any all-pass structure may be constructed from simple N-port devices (such as directional couplers or Mach-Zehnder interferometers) with N-1 outputs fed back to any of the N-1 inputs. The feedback paths may contain delays or further APFs (recursive design). This set of design rules allows for constructing complex all-pass filters of any number of stages starting with very simple elements. We use this technique to demonstrate a number of optical all-pass structures that may be implemented in planar waveguide or using thin-film filter technology.
Structure of Vibrio Phage XM1, a Simple Contractile DNA Injection Machine

Antibiotic resistance poses a growing risk to public health requiring new tools to combat pathogenic bacteria. Contractile injection systems, including bacteriophage tails, pyocins, and bacterial type VI secretion systems, can efficiently penetrate cell envelopes and become potential antibacterial agents. Bacteriophage XM1 is a dsDNA virus belonging to the Myoviridae family and infecting Vibrio bacteria. The XM1 virion, made of 18 different proteins, consists of an icosahedral head and a contractile tail, terminated with a baseplate. Here we report cryo-EM reconstructions of all components of the XM1 virion and describe atomic structures of 14 XM1 proteins. The XM1 baseplate is composed of a central hub surrounded by six wedge modules to which twelve spikes are attached. The XM1 tail contains a fewer number of smaller proteins compared with other reported phage baseplates, depicting the minimum requirements for building an effective cell-envelope-penetrating machine. We describe the tail sheath structure in the pre-infection post-infection states and its conformational changes during infection. In addition, we report, for the first time, the in situ structure of the phage neck region to near-atomic resolution. Based on these structures, we propose mechanisms of virus assembly and infection.
A case‐based reasoning approach to the make or buy decision

Discusses a hybrid computer‐based system designed to assist companies in the make or buy decision, which is arguably the most fundamental component of manufacturing strategy. The system employs both case‐based reasoning (CBR) and decision support system components including multi‐attribute analysis (MAA) and sensitivity analysis. As part of the development process, interviews were conducted with managers in ten multinational companies in order to determine current make or buy practice and elicit opinions on how the decision‐making process would be enhanced. The consensus was that a formal structure was needed along with computerised support at various stages in the process. The model was developed conceptually from the analysis of these interviews with procurement managers and also through a thorough literature survey. The next stage was to implement the most important components of the system to enable feedback from procurement managers in one of the multinationals first interviewed. The results indicate that the system supports the procurement function in evaluating the make or buy decision and has led to enhanced communication with suppliers as well as within the multi‐functional procurement team.