Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two characterizations of switched nonlinear systems with average dwell time

This note aims to establish the fast switching condition with average dwell time satisfying an upper bound. Important results are obtained on the behaviour of switched nonlinear dynamical systems. In specific, this note contributes in the following three aspects: (1) establish the condition of fast switching of switched nonlinear systems; (2) obtain the condition of arbitrary switching stability of switched nonlinear dynamical systems using a weak Lyapunov functions approach; and (3) prove the necessity of the average dwell time condition associated with the conventional multiple Lyapunov functions’ framework.
A high-throughput multi-hop WSN for structural health monitoring

Two major challenges with existing multi-hop WSNs used for structural health monitoring (SHM) are how to increase the data transmission rate (DTR) for large amounts of sampling data and enlarge the data transmission range without degrading link quality. To handle these issues, this paper proposes a new design method of a multi-hop WSN with multi-radio sink node (M-RSN) and double-radio relay node (D-RRN) which can increase the data transfer ability at the sink and extend the monitoring distance without degrading wireless link quality. Additionally, a tight scheduled approach and multi-radio time synchronization method are designed for the stable implementation of the proposed network. To evaluate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed network designing method, experiments in outdoor environment and for aircraft composite wing boxes monitoring are carried out. The evaluation results have shown the advantages of the proposed methods.
CONTEXT-AWARE MOBILE APPLICATION WITH PROXEMIC: DESIGN DISCUSSION

This paper tries to discuss possible problems and their solutions in designing context aware mobile application that does not use location (physical proximity) but using proxemic (logical proximity). Logical proximity is not bound to location, but, as context area which constrained logically, it can be defined through activities or tasks people are engaged in. We illustrate these concepts through the prototype of a mobile application to help students to find friends in similar interests and in their proximity.
Novel image fusion methodology using fuzzy set theory

An image fusion procedure based on fuzzy set theory that can be used to classify different image components and also to preserve and even emphasize the internal contrast is presented. Membership functions are utilized to quantitatively define the relationships between different image classes, as well as the systematic and stochastic mea­ surement errors, in terms of pixel values. For each modality, a possibility measure is applied to determine the degree to which each pixel belongs to various image classes. These possibility measures are sent to an image fusion center, where the image components are classified and their internal contrast restored and augmented. The methodology is practically applicable even in severely noisy environments. Results gen­ erated by the proposed method illustrate its capabilities in classifying and preserving internal image details. © 1998 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumenta­ tion Engineers. (80091-3286(98)01302-6)
The Development of Students Worksheets for Constructing Knowledge of the Fundamental Laws of Chemistry

It is a crucial issue that the result of TIMSS in 2011 placed Indonesia in the 38 rank of the 42 countries for mathematics and in 40 rank of the 42 countries for science. These facts indicate that the students' skills in reasoning is still poor since the understanding of math and science is a reflection of the ability to reasoning. The new paradigm of learning requires students to be able to construct their own knowledge by inductive or deductive reasoning. In this case, the students need some guidance so that they are able to acquire the knowledge they need to understand. This research aims to develop learning guidance for constructing the knowledge of the fundamental laws of chemistry by inductive reasoning based on the presented data. The development of worksheets of this study was conducted using 4-D model of Thiagarajan. The results showed that the developed worksheet in this study is categorized as excellent which had 0.84 of Aiken's average validity coefficient. Therefore, the worksheets were easy to understand, easy to implement, and were able to guide the students in constructing the knowledge of chemistry. The result of try-out displayed that the effectiveness of the worksheets developed was excellent of 84.37%. Keywords—student worksheets; inductive reasoning; chemistry
Overexpression of chitinase gene with a GC-rich synthetic enhancer in tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum).

Ringkasan Perakitan tanaman perkebunan toleran terhadap serangan cendawan patogenik dilakukan dengan mengoverekspresikan gen penyandi kitinase. Untuk itu elemen DNA peningkat ekspresi ( enhancer E52) yang berupa oligonukleotida 52 pb dan kaya kandungan basa purin (GC) disisipkan di ujung 5’ konstruk 35S -chi. Penyisipan E52 tersebut dilakukan secara lebih terarah pada situs ganda Hind III -Sal I dari MCS pCAMBIA2301. Melalui situs Hind III yang terletak tepat di ujung 3’ E52, konstruk 35S- ch i kemudian disambungkan dengan E52 pada pCAMBIA tersebut. Transformasi DNA rekombinan ke dalam sel tembakau dikerjakan melalui perantaraan Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404. Sel tanaman transgenik diseleksi dan diregenrasi dalam media yang mengandung 3% sukrosa, 0,5 mg/L diregenerasikan pada media MS padat benzilaminopurin (BAP) dan 50 mg/L kanamisin. Pada media ini tunas transgenik tembakau mulai terbentuk setelah 5 minggu penanaman. Analisis tingkat aktivitas enzimatis menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas kitinase pada tembakau transgenik 40 hingga 80 kali lebih tinggi daripada non-transgenik. Pengujian hibridisasi protein menggunakan antibodi anti-kitinase, dot blot dan western blot , membuktikan bahwa enhancer tersebut dapat meningkatkan ekspresi transgen chi pada tanaman tembakau. Summary Development of estate crops tolerant to pathogenic fungi is conducted by overexpressing chi gene. For this purpose, a synthetic enhancer consisting of 52 base pairs and GC-rich was inserted at immediate 5’ end of a 35S- chi cassette. Insertion of the E52 was directed at Hind III- Sal I restriction sites of the pCAMBIA2301 MCS. With Hind III restriction site located just after the 3’ end of the E52 sequence, the 35S- chi construct was then ligated with the E52 of the pCAMBIA. Transformation of the resulting recombinant DNA into tobacco cells was mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404. The transgenic cells were selected and regenerated on a solid MS medium supplemented with 3% sucrose, 0.5 mg/L benzylamino purine (BAP) and 50 mg/L kanamycin. Tobacco shoots were initiated after 5 weeks inoculation on the selection media. Enzymatic analysis demonstrated that chitinase activity of transgenic tobacco was 40 to 80 folds higher than that of the control plant. Analysis of enzymatic activity using hybridization with anti-chitinase antibody indicated that the level of chitinase activity in the transgenic tobacco carrying the enhancer is higher than that without enhancer. These data suggest that the enhancer improved the expression of chi transgene in tobacco.
Assessing power quality of power system using FICA algorithm

The new developments in power system such as restructuring and competitive electricity market make power quality (PQ) an important factor in competition. However, finding a measure for PQ evaluation is very difficult due to many indices involved in PQ measurement. For this reason, obtaining a single quantitative index based on the standard measurements has been a new challenge in recent researches. In this paper, a data mining method is proposed to determine global indices for PQ. The continuous and discrete indices of PQ are considered and a Unified Power Quality Index (UPQI) is presented for each PQ index, based on the method of incorporation and normalization. The indices are normalized and classified. Then, the global PQ index of each distribution site is determined by the Fast Independent Component Analysis (FICA) algorithm. In this approach, the PQ measurements of 313 real distribution sites are used to assess and classify the indices for different type of loads in the real distribution system. The results show the capability of this method to obtain an accurate measure for PQ evaluation. In this method, the convergence rate is very fast. Also for evaluating the accuracy of the proposed algorithm, an intelligent method based on artificial neural network (ANN) and fuzzy logic to obtain a global index for PQ assessment are implemented that the comparing between this two method show that the proposed method is stronger and proper than the intelligent method. This method can be extended for many distribution sites.
Lethal Effects of Spinosad on Chrysoperla Carnea Larvae (Neuroptera: Chrisopidae) Under Laboratory Conditions

The use of selective insecticides could improve conservation of natural enemies and therefore contribute to the success of In- tegrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. In this study, the toxicity of one selective insecticide, Spinosad to common green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea Stephens was evaluated. Several stages of C. carnea larvae were exposed to Spinosad under laboratory conditions. The used quantities of Spinosad were less than the maximum recommended rate given on the product label. In contact bioassay tests, a direct relationship was detected between the concentration of Spinosad and mortality rate of first instar larvae. So that, the employ- ing of 250 and 2 500 ppm of Spinosad caused 33 and 67 per cent mortality, respectively. Mortality rate was recorded 1-3 day post treatment. In implementation of 250 ppm of Spinosad on second and third instar larvae showed negligible mortality rate after 3 days whereas the first instars larvae suffered 33 per cent mortality. On the basis of collected data we could conclude that Spinosad is not to be considered to have an environmental safety profile on C. carnea similarly to well established biological insecticides.
Health Inequalities Across The European Union Regions: A Beta-Convergence Approach

Abstract The European Union is currently facing a serious problem concerning the occurrence of significant health inequalities observed between particular member states as well as within these states. Substantial efforts are being made to achieve an economic and social cohesion and the reduction of health inequalities between the EU regions is an important element of this process. This work is devoted to the study of the variations of health status (measured by life expectancy) across the EU regions of NUTS II level. We apply existing tools developed in economic growth literature to study a mortality convergence. Using the idea of unconditional convergence model developed for economic growth, we can confirm a decrease or increase of regional health inequalities. The main research hypothesis is as follows: whether regions with lower initial life expectancies have experienced the largest increases in life expectancies. To verify the hypothesis of beta-convergence we use spatial econometric models which additionally allow to take the geographic dependence among the surveyed regions into consideration. Due to the heterogeneity of the surveyed spatial units we also verify the hypothesis of the club beta-convergence.
Scale Effects in Scour Physical-Model Tests: Cause and Alleviation

Scale effect occurs when a prot otype hydraulic process is simulated at a laboratory scale due to dissatisfaction of similarity laws. It might lead to considerable deviation when the model scour depth is extrapolated to prototype value. Three popular experimental approaches including prediction-equation-targeted flume test, series-model test and similitude-model test are reviewed with emphasis upon their merits and limitations in reducing or alleviating scale effect; scale laws guiding scour physical-model design and an empirical equation derived from a clear-water pier scour experiment are further presented to help to perform cost-effective model tests and examine better test results for up-scale extrapolation. It is suggested that scale effect in a scour physical model test could be efficiently reduced if both the mobility similarity of bed particles and Froude number similarity are satisfied simultaneously.
Deep-submicrometer channel design in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFET's

Short-channel effects in deep-submicrometer SOI MOSFET's are explored over a wide range of device parameters using two-dimensional numerical simulations. To obtain reduced short-channel effects in SOI over bulk technologies, the silicon film thickness most be considerably smaller than the bulk junction depth because of an additional charge-sharing phenomenon through the SOI buried oxide. The optimal design space, considering nominal and short-channel threshold voltage, shows ample design options for both fully and partially depleted devices, however, manufacturing considerations in the 0.1 /spl mu/m regime may favor partially depleted devices. <<ETX>>
Modulation of Daily Precipitation over Southwest Asia by the Madden–Julian Oscillation

Analysis of daily observations shows that wintertime (November–April) precipitation over Southwest Asia is modulated by Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) activity in the eastern Indian Ocean, with strength comparable to the interannual variability. Daily outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) for 1979–2001 is used to provide a long and consistent, but indirect, estimate of precipitation, and daily records from 13 stations in Afghanistan reporting at least 50% of the time for 1979–85 are used to provide direct, but shorter and irregularly reported, precipitation data. In the station data, for the average of all available stations, there is a 23% increase in daily precipitation relative to the mean when the phase of the MJO is negative (suppressed tropical convection in the eastern Indian Ocean), and a corresponding decrease when the MJO is positive. The distribution of extremes is also affected such that the 10 wettest days all occur during the negative MJO phase. The longer record of OLR data indicates that the effect of the MJO is quite consistent from year to year, with the anomalies averaged over Southwest Asia more negative (indicating more rain) for the negative phase of the MJO for each of the 22 yr in the record. Additionally, in 9 of the 22 yr the average influence of the MJO is larger than the interannual variability (e.g., the relationship results in anomalously wet periods even in dry years and vice versa). Examination of NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data shows that the MJO modifies both the local jet structure and, through changes to the thermodynamic balance, the vertical motion field over Southwest Asia, consistent with the observed modulation of the associated synoptic precipitation. A simple persistence scheme for forecasting the sign of the MJO suggests that the modulation of Southwest Asia precipitation may be predictable for 3-week periods. Finally, analysis of changes in storm evolution in Southwest Asia due to the influence of the MJO shows a large difference in strength as the storms move over Afghanistan, with apparent relevance for the flooding event of 12–13 April 2002.
The summer North Atlantic Oscillation (SNAO) variability on decadal to paleoclimate time scales

The summer North Atlantic Oscillation (SNAO) The influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on climate in the North Atlantic region has been highlighted over the past few decades. Although most prominent during winter, the NAO is one of the few modes of variability that persist throughout the year, although there are systematic differences in its configuration through the seasons (Barnston and Livezey, 1987). This is related to seasonal variations of the North Atlantic jet stream which on average moves northwards in summer relative to winter. Consequently, the positive and negative nodes of the dipole NAO pattern have more northerly positions during summer. Until recently, most studies of the link between the NAO and climate have focused on winter, but after a thorough study of the summer NAO (SNAO) by Folland et al. (2009, henceforth F09), attention has also been directed to summer.
A Multilevel Technique based on Nested Local Meshes for Nonlinear Mechanics

In this paper an adaptive multilevel mesh refinement method, coupled with the Zienkiewicz and Zhu a posteriori error estimator, is applied to solids mechanics with the objective of conducting reliable nonlinear studies in acceptable computational times and memory space. The approach presented in this paper is first validated on linear behaviour, on two and three dimensional simulations. Then nonlinear behaviour is studied. Advantages and limitations of the local defect correction method in solids mechanics problems in terms of error level, CPU time and memory space are discussed. This kind of resolution is also compared with the classical finite element resolution.
ROBDD Optimization Using Sub Graph Complexity

Summary This paper describes a novel method of variable reordering for Reduced Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (ROBDD). The proposed method results in ROBDD with lesser number of nodes and lesser APL. The variable order in ROBDD is important since it affects the number of ROBDD nodes. The problem of constructing an ROBDD with minimum number of nodes has become of growing importance since there is no unique method that can be used to obtain the least number of nodes for all Boolean functions. In this work, the proposed variable ordering methods uses the graph topology to find the optimal variable ordering; therefore the input Boolean function (benchmark circuits) are converted to a unidirectional graph. The variable order is found by substituting the values of logic 1 and logic 0 for all the variables. The variable that produces minimal sub graph is assigned as next variable in variable order. This process of assignment and selection is repeated iteratively until all variables are selected. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated by building the ROBDD for selected benchmark circuits. The number of nodes is then compared for proposed method with existing methods in Colorado University Decision Diagram (CUDD) package. The experimental results using benchmark circuits show that the proposed method is an encouraging approach towards minimizing the evaluation time and number of nodes for a Boolean function.
PVT-aware leakage reduction for on-die caches with improved read stability

A run-time leakage reduction technique for SRAM caches considers architecture and behavior to achieve an optimal tradeoff between overhead energy and leakage savings. A 16kB SRAM shows a 94.2% cell leakage reduction with a 2% performance penalty. Fabricated in a 0.18 /spl mu/m 6M CMOS process, the 3.2mm/spl times/2.9mm die also shows 25% improvement in read stability.
Multi-wavelength distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers for broadband trace gas spectroscopy

We review the progress of multi-wavelength distributed feedback (DFB) quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) as sources for broadband mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy. While it is possible to tune the emission wavelength of DFB QCLs in a frequency range of about 5 cm−1 by varying the operating temperature and driving current, continuous, deterministic and mode-hop free tuning remains challenging. To use these laser sources for broadband spectroscopy applications and to exploit their narrow linewidth, the equalization of the power across the multicolor spectrum is another requirement. Various approaches are reviewed: conventional DFB QCL arrays, surface emitting DFB QCL arrays, on-chip beam combined DFB arrays, multi-channel Vernier-based switching DFBs, and dual-wavelength DFBs. The results are presented to highlight the applicability of these sources for broadband and high-resolution trace gas spectroscopy. The results for multi-species trace-gas spectroscopy using dual-wavelength QCLs are presented in more detail, where the best precision as determined from Allan-Werle plots was obtained for measurement of NH3 with 0.02 parts per billion (ppb) at 100 s integration time, and typical values for the other trace gases of the order of 0.1 ppb. These results indicate that spectrometers using dual-wavelength QCLs can serve as an all-in-one solution for high precision gas spectroscopy.
Estimating the parameters of the Baranyimodel for bacterial growth

The identi¢ability properties of the Baranyi model for bacterial growthwere investigated, both structurally and applied to real-life data.Using the Taylor-series approach, it was formallyproven that themodel is structurally identi¢able, i.e. it is now ascertained that it is certainly possible to give unique values to all parameters of the model, provided the bacterial growth data are of su¤ciently good quality. The model also has acceptable practical identi¢ability properties in the presence of realistic data, which means that the con¢dence intervals on the parameter values are reasonable. However, there was a relatively high correlation between the maximum speci¢c growth rate mmax and the suitability indicator h0. An optimal experimental design to improve parameter estimation uncertainty was worked out, using the sampling times of the microbial growth curve as experimental degree of freedom. Using a D-optimal design criterion, it could be shown that the optimal sampling times were concentrated in four time periods (initial, start and end of exponential growth, end of experiment), each providingmaximum information on a particular parameter. Because the optimal experimental design requires a priori estimates of the parameters, the propagation of the parameter uncertainty into the experimental design was assessed with a Monte Carlo simulation. In this way, 95% con¢dence intervals could be established around the optimal sampling times to be used in the optimal experiment. Based on these intervals, a design was proposed and experimentally validated. The error on the parameter estimates was more than halved, their correlation diminished and the nonlinearity of the result improved.
Electronic structure and magnetic properties of bulk elements ( Fe and Pd ) and ordered binary alloys ( FePd and Fe 3 Pd ) : TB-LMTO-ASA approach

The binary alloys formed from the elements of Fe an d Pd like FePd and Fe3Pd, have the strange electron ic and magnetic properties, generally used in shape memory allo s, Computational chips, Medical purposes as w ell as modern technological uses. We used TB-LMTO-ASA Appr oach for the study of band structure and density of states of the transitional elements Fe and Pd and their or dered alloys FePd and Fe3Pd. We analyzed metallic a nd nonmetallic character and occupation of s, p and d ele ctrons from the band structures and magnetic proper ties through the plot of density of states. Our findings show th at all the elements and alloys bear metallic nature wh reas bulk Palladium shows non magnetic behavior. Similarly Fe and both the ordered alloys FePd and Fe3Pd are fou nd to be magnetic in nature with values B 19 . 2 μ , B 49 . 3 μ and B 01 . 3 μ respectively. These well agree with experimental as well as previous theoretical calculations. © 2014 RCOST: All rights reserved.