Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring student mental health and intention to use online counseling in Hong Kong during the COVID‐19 pandemic

The worldwide outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has exacerbated pre-existing student mental health problems due to academic disruption, restricted social contact, loss of routine, and health-related fear. A recent study found that one-quarter of the student participants exhibited anxiety symptoms under COVID-19 in China. Student mental health has always been a serious concern in Hong Kong. A review has summarized that in Hong Kong before the COVID-19 outbreak, the prevalence rates of depression and anxiety in adolescents were 2.2% and 2.6%, respectively. It is speculated that the mental health conditions of young people have worsened during this period. In Hong Kong, classes of all schools have been suspended since late January 2020. Online counseling has become one of the very few possible ways to engage and intervene with students who are facing emotional and mental well-being challenges. However, a previous study has reported that only 25% of the youth participants were willing to be approached online by helping professionals. While digital mental health services have been widely implemented in China during the outbreak of COVID-19, it is important to explore the feasibility of conducting online counseling to address student mental health issues in Hong Kong. The current study investigated: (i) student mental health conditions in Hong Kong under COVID-19; (ii) whether students had intention to use online counseling services; and (iii) factors associated with students’ intention to use online counseling, namely benefits of online counseling, preferred online channels for counseling, and past counseling experience. This study adopted snowball sampling and an online survey due to territory-wide class suspension and other social-distancing measures. It is expected that the sample collected would not be representative. All parents and students in the study were informed about the voluntary basis of participation and gave informed consent. Three hundred secondary school students (64% female) were surveyed between April and May 2020. The results reveal that one-third of them were classified as having mental distress. Form 6 students preparing for public exams were at increased risk of mental distress. It is suspected that the uncertainty surrounding the assessment arrangement under COVID-19 had caused the students to feel more stressed about the public exams. On the other hand, over 40% of the student participants had an intention to use online counseling services. The findings confirm that online counseling is in need as many people cannot access mental health care during the outbreak. The methods and results of this study are reported in Appendix S1. The factors affecting students’ use of online counseling services are shown in Table 1. Students without mental distress who regarded
Improved depiction of subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus internus with optimized high‐resolution quantitative susceptibility mapping at 7 T

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus internus (GPi) are commonly used targets in deep‐brain stimulation (DBS) surgery for the treatment of movement disorders. The success of DBS critically depends on the spatial precision of stimulation. By taking advantage of good contrast between iron‐rich deep‐brain nuclei and surrounding tissues, quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has shown promise in differentiating the STN and GPi from the adjacent substantia nigra and globus pallidus externus, respectively. Nonlinear morphology‐enabled dipole inversion (NMEDI) is a widely used QSM algorithm, but the image quality of reconstructed susceptibility maps relies on the regularization parameter selection. To date, few studies have systematically optimized the regularization parameter at the ultra‐high field of 7 T. In this study, we optimized the regularization parameter in NMEDI to improve the depiction of STN and GPi at different spatial resolutions at both 3 T and 7 T. The optimized QSM images were further compared with other susceptibility‐based images, including T2*‐weighted (T2*w), R2*, susceptibility‐weighted, and phase images. QSM showed better depiction of deep‐brain nuclei with clearer boundaries compared with the other methods, and 7 T QSM at 0.35 × 0.35 × 1.0 mm3 demonstrated superior performance to the others. Our findings suggest that optimized high‐resolution QSM at 7 T allows for improved delineation of deep‐brain nuclei with clear and sharp borders between nuclei, which may become a promising tool for DBS nucleus preoperative localization.
Alternative provision of public health care: the role of citizens' satisfaction with public services and the social responsibility of government

Abstract This paper explores the factors that influence citizens' attitudes toward the alternative provision of health care services, leading them to be willing to make extra, informal payments within the public health care system. We question whether these attitudes depend primarily on inherent normative preferences, such as beliefs about the government's responsibility to its citizens, or on certain aspects of the reality that they experience, such as satisfaction with the quality and quantity of services as well as the fairness of public systems. Analyzing the findings from a national survey, the paper shows that practical considerations and real-world conditions strongly relate to attitudes more than normative perceptions do.
Facile Synthesis of Sub-Nanometric Cu Clusters via a Double-Confinement Enables Selective Reduction of Carbon Dioxide towards Methane.

Previous density functional theory (DFT) calculations have fully proven that the sub-nanometric Cu clusters (i.e., 13 atoms) are more favorable for the generation of CH 4 from CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) than larger nanoparticles (NPs) due to the upshifted d center. However, it still lacks direct experimental evidence and remains unclear. Herein, we developed a facile impregnation-calcination route for the crafting of Cu clusters in diameter of ~1.0 nm with ~10 atoms via a double-confinement of carbon defects and micropores. The obtained Cu clusters enable a high selectivity for the CO 2 RR with a maximum Faraday efficiency of 81.7% towards CH 4 . Both DFT calculations and experimental results reveal that the Cu clusters can enhance the adsorption strength of *H and *CO intermediates and thus promotes the generation of CH 4 other than H 2 and CO, compared with larger Cu nanoparticles (~19 nm). Moreover, the strong interaction between Cu clusters and defective carbon optimizes the electronic structures of Cu clusters for further enhancing the selectivity and stability towards generation of CH 4 . Clearly, this work provides the first experimental evidence that the sub-nanometric Cu clusters indeed facilitate the production of CH 4 from CO 2 RR.
A 63-bp insertion in exon 2 of the porcine KIF21A gene is associated with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a recessively inherited fatal disease detected almost 20 years ago in the Swiss Large White pig population. A diagnostic marker test enabled the identification of carrier animals, but the underlying causal mutation remains unknown. To identify the mutation underlying AMC, we collected whole-genome genotyping and sequencing data for 11 affected piglets and 23 healthy pigs. Haplotype-based case-control association testing using 47,829 SNPs confirmed that AMC maps to SSC5 (P = 9.4 ×10−13). Subsequent autozygosity mapping revealed a common 6.06 Mb region (from 66,757,970 to 72,815,151 bp) of extended homozygosity in 11 piglets affected by AMC. We detected a 63-bp insertion in the second exon of KIF21A gene encoding Kinesin Family Member 21A using whole-genome sequences of a carrier boar, two of its affected and two heterozygous piglets. This insertion was compatible with the recessive inheritance of AMC. The 63-bp insertion likely represents a loss-of-function allele because it is predicted to introduce a premature stop codon in KIF21A gene (p.Val41_Phe42insTer) that truncates 1,614 amino acids (∼ 97%) from the protein. Lack of KIF21A protein is lethal in mice, thus providing additional evidence that a loss-of function allele of KIF21A might cause fatal AMC in pigs. We found that this deleterious allele still segregates at low frequency in the Swiss Large White pig population. The unambiguous detection of carrier animals can now facilitate the eradication of the deleterious allele from the population.
Efficacy of a topical gel containing chitosan, chlorhexidine, allantoin and dexpanthenol for pain and inflammation control after third molar surgery: A randomized and placebo-controlled clinical trial

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the postoperative effect of a topic gel containing chlorhexidine, chitosan, allantoine and dexpanthenol versus a placebo for pain and inflammation control after third molar surgery. Material and Methods A gel combining 0.2% chlorhexdine, 0.5% chitosan, 5% dexpanthenol, 0.15% allantoin and 0.01% sodium saccharin was selected for this split mouth randomized controlled and double-blind trial including 36 patients with bilaterally and symmetrically impacted lower third molars. The teeth (n=72) were randomly divided into two groups before surgical removal: control group (CG; in which a placebo was given) and experimental group (EG). Swelling, trismus, postoperative pain, wound healing and complications were measured and recorded in order to evaluate differences between the placebo and experimental product. Results Five patients suffered from an alveolitis in the CG (13.9%), and none in the study group (0%), but no statistically significant difference was found (p=0.063). From day 0 to day 7, trismus and swelling were significantly less pronounced in the EG, and wound healing was considered ‘good’ in 22.2% for the CG and 97.2% for the EG (p<0.001). Mean VAS scores during the seven postoperative days were statistically lower in the study (2.56±1,19) compared to the placebo group (3.25±1.6) (p=0.002). The mean consumption of analgesic pills during the first 92 hours was also statistically lower in the EG (0.26±0.51) in comparison to the CG (0.56±0.67) (p=0.003). Conclusions The use of an experimental gel containing chlorhexidine, chitosan, allantoine and dexpanthenol seems to significantly reduce postoperative pain, trismus and signs of inflammation. Future studies should further evaluate, if the gel is effective in dry socket preventing after third molar removal. Key words:Third molar, surgery, postoperative wound healing, pain, gel, chitosan, chlorhexidine, allantoin, dexpanthenol.
CONSUMPTION OF AMPHIPODS BY THE NEW ZEALAND LAND SNAIL WAINUIA URNULA (PULMONATA: RHYTIDIDAE)

An unusual carnivorous diet was documented for the rhytidid snail Wainuia urnula urnula (Pfeiffer) from the southern North Island, New Zealand. Eighty-two percent of 315 samples of faeces or gut contents contained remains of landhoppers (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Earthworms (Oligochaeta) were the second most common food type identified, but occurred in only 4 percent of samples. In the laboratory, W. urnula urnula captured landhoppers by rapidly everting the ‘V’-section odontophore beneath the prey and immediately drawing it into the mouth in a single action. Diet samples from the allopatric congeners W. edwardi (Suter) (n 5 51) and W. clarki Powell (n 5 7) contained no remains of landhoppers, and these snails did not eat landhoppers in the laboratory. The diet of these species was dominated by earthworms. The subspecies W. u. nasuta ate both earthworms and amphipods with similar frequency (n 5 40). Individual teeth on the radula of W. urnula urnula had a simple blade-like cusp like other Wainuia species, but there were fewer teeth per row and fewer rows on the whole radula than in other species. W. u. nasuta had a similar number of rows of teeth to W. clarki and W. edwardi, but the number of teeth per row was intermediate between these species and W. u. urnula. Records of pulmonate species preying on arthropods are rare, yet in the case of W. urnula this specialization has been accompanied by minimal morphological change.
Body sway predicts romantic interest in speed dating

Abstract Social bonding is fundamental to human society, and romantic interest involves an important type of bonding. Speed dating research paradigms offer both high external validity and experimental control for studying romantic interest in real-world settings. While previous studies focused on the effect of social and personality factors on romantic interest, the role of non-verbal interaction has been little studied in initial romantic interest, despite being commonly viewed as a crucial factor. The present study investigated whether romantic interest can be predicted by non-verbal dyadic interactive body sway, and enhanced by movement-promoting (‘groovy’) background music. Participants’ body sway trajectories were recorded during speed dating. Directional (predictive) body sway coupling, but not body sway similarity, predicted interest in a long-term relationship above and beyond rated physical attractiveness. In addition, presence of groovy background music promoted interest in meeting a dating partner again. Overall, we demonstrate that romantic interest is reflected by non-verbal body sway in dyads in a real-world dating setting. This novel approach could potentially be applied to investigate non-verbal aspects of social bonding in other dynamic interpersonal interactions such as between infants and parents and in non-verbal populations including those with communication disorders.
Podocytes present antigen to activate specific T cell immune responses in inflammatory renal disease

Infiltration of activated T cells into renal tissue plays an essential role in inflammatory nephropathy. However, the mechanism enabling the renal recruitment and activation of T cells remains elusive. Here we report that inflammatory cytokine‐promoted antigen presentation by podocytes is a key for recruiting and activating specific T cells. Our results showed that diabetes‐associated inflammatory cytokines IFNγ and IL‐17 all upregulated expression of MHC‐I, MHC‐II, CD80 and CD86 on the podocyte surface. Both IFNγ and IL‐17 stimulated the uptake and processing of ovalbumin (OVA) by mouse podocytes, resulting in presentation of OVA antigen peptide on the cell surface. OVA antigen presentation by podocytes was also validated using human podocytes. Furthermore, OVA antigen‐presenting mouse podocytes were able to activate OT‐I mouse T cell proliferation and inflammatory cytokine secretion, which in turn caused podocyte injury and apoptosis. Finally, OT‐I mice subjected to direct renal injection of OVA plus IFNγ/IL‐17 but not OVA alone exhibited OVA antigen presentation by podocytes and developed nephropathy in 4 weeks. In conclusion, antigen presentation by podocytes under inflammatory conditions plays an important role in activating T cell immune responses and facilitating immune‐mediated glomerular disease development. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Video-guided exercise after stroke: a feasibility randomised controlled trial

ABSTRACT Background Facilitating self-directed upper-limb exercise in people after a stroke whilst not in therapy sessions may increase therapy intensity and improve outcomes. Objectives: To investigate the feasibility and acceptability of video-guided exercise for facilitating upper-limb exercise after stroke. Methods A single-blind feasibility randomized controlled trial with embedded qualitative study in stroke wards at a large teaching hospital in the United Kingdom. Fourteen participants with stroke were randomized to either video-guided exercise intervention or a “treatment-as-usual” control group. Intervention participants received a computer tablet containing filmed individualized exercises to guide out of therapy practice. The primary outcome measure was the Motor status scale (MSS) for the upper limb, which was used to guide possible sample sizes for a future main trial. Qualitative focus group and interview data on feasibility/acceptability were collected and analyzed. Results The intervention was acceptable, but the need for motivation/support to exercise was highlighted. Based on similar assumptions to the feasibility study, circa ninety-two patients in each group would be needed to detect a difference of 5 in upper-limb motor status for a main trial. Conclusion A trial of video-guided exercise is feasible, although an optimal main trial would require some relatively minor changes to design, outcome measures, eligibility, and the intervention.
Erosion of the Mediterranean diet among adolescents: evidence from an Eastern Mediterranean Country

Abstract At a time when the health benefits of the Mediterranean diet (MD) are pervasively recognised, a paradoxical observation is the decreasing adherence to this dietary pattern in its native countries. This study aims to investigate temporal trends in adherence to the MD among adolescents (10–19 years old) in Lebanon. Data were drawn from three national cross-sectional surveys conducted at three points in time: 1997 (n 2004), 2009 (n 3656) and 2015 (n 1204). Dietary intake was assessed using 24-h dietary recalls, and adherence to the MD was assessed using two country-specific indexes: the composite Mediterranean diet (c-MED) index and Lebanese Mediterranean diet (LMD) index. Significant decreases in c-MED and LMD scores and in the proportion of adolescents adhering to the MD were observed between 1997 and 2015, with more consistent results among females (P < 0·05). Projections for the year 2030 showed further decreases, with less than a quarter of adolescents remaining adherent to the MD. Based on linear regression analyses, belonging to the year 2009 was associated with significantly lower MD scores compared with 1997, even after adjustment for potential covariates (c-MED β = –0·16, 95 % CI –0·30, –0·01; LMD β = –0·42, 95 % CI –0·67, –0·17). Similar results were obtained when comparing survey year 2015 with 1997 (c-MED score β = –0·20, 95 % CI –0·33, –0·06; LMD score β = –0·60, 95 % CI –0·82, –0·37). Findings highlight the erosion of the MD among Lebanese adolescents and underline the need for a comprehensive food system approach that fosters the promotion of the MD as a nutritionally balanced and sustainable dietary pattern.
SETX (senataxin), the helicase mutated in AOA2 and ALS4, functions in autophagy regulation

ABSTRACT SETX (senataxin) is an RNA/DNA helicase that has been implicated in transcriptional regulation and the DNA damage response through resolution of R-loop structures. Mutations in SETX result in either of two distinct neurodegenerative disorders. SETX dominant mutations result in a juvenile form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) called ALS4, whereas recessive mutations are responsible for ataxia called ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2 (AOA2). How mutations in the same protein can lead to different phenotypes is still unclear. To elucidate AOA2 disease mechanisms, we first examined gene expression changes following SETX depletion. We observed the effects on both transcription and RNA processing, but surprisingly observed decreased R-loop accumulation in SETX-depleted cells. Importantly, we discovered a strong connection between SETX and the macroautophagy/autophagy pathway, reflecting a direct effect on transcription of autophagy genes. We show that SETX depletion inhibits the progression of autophagy, leading to an accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, decreased ability to clear protein aggregates, as well as mitochondrial defects. Analysis of AOA2 patient fibroblasts also revealed a perturbation of the autophagy pathway. Our work has thus identified a novel function for SETX in the regulation of autophagy, whose modulation may have a therapeutic impact for AOA2. Abbreviations: 3ʹREADS: 3ʹ region extraction and deep sequencing; ACTB: actin beta; ALS4: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 4; AOA2: ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2; APA: alternative polyadenylation; AS: alternative splicing; ATG7: autophagy-related 7; ATP6V0D2: ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit D2; BAF: bafilomycin A1; BECN1: beclin 1; ChIP: chromatin IP; Chloro: chloroquine; CPT: camptothecin; DDR: DNA damage response; DNMT1: DNA methyltransferase 1; DRIP: DNA/RNA IP; DSBs: double strand breaks; EBs: embryoid bodies; FTD: frontotemporal dementia; GABARAP: GABA type A receptor-associated protein; GO: gene ontology; HR: homologous recombination; HTT: huntingtin; IF: immunofluorescence; IP: immunoprecipitation; iPSCs: induced pluripotent stem cells; KD: knockdown; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MN: motor neuron; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; PASS: PolyA Site Supporting; PFA: paraformaldehyde; RNAPII: RNA polymerase II; SCA: spinocerebellar ataxia; SETX: senataxin; SMA: spinal muscular atrophy; SMN1: survival of motor neuron 1, telomeric; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TSS: transcription start site; TTS: transcription termination site; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; WB: western blot; WIPI2: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2; XRN2: 5ʹ-3ʹ exoribonuclease 2.
Structural insights into the enhanced carbapenemase efficiency of OXA‐655 compared to OXA‐10

Carbapenemases are the main cause of carbapenem resistance in Gram‐negative bacteria. How β‐lactamases with weak carbapenemase activity, such as the OXA‐10‐type class D β‐lactamases, contribute to anti‐bacterial drug resistance is unclear. OXA‐655 is a T26M and V117L OXA‐10 variant, recently identified from hospital wastewater. Despite exhibiting stronger carbapenemase activity towards ertapenem (ETP) and meropenem (MEM) in Escherichia coli, OXA‐655 exhibits reduced activity towards oxyimino‐substituted β‐lactams like ceftazidime. Here, we have solved crystal structures of OXA‐10 in complex with imipenem (IPM) and ETP, and OXA‐655 in complex with MEM in order to unravel the structure–function relationship and the impact of residue 117 in enzyme catalysis. The new crystal structures show that L117 is situated at a critical position with enhanced Van der Waals interactions to L155 in the omega loop. This restricts the movements of L155 and could explain the reduced ability for OXA‐655 to bind a bulky oxyimino group. The V117L replacement in OXA‐655 makes the active site S67 and the carboxylated K70 more water exposed. This could affect the supply of new deacylation water molecules required for hydrolysis and possibly the carboxylation rate of K70. But most importantly, L117 leaves more space for binding of the hydroxyethyl group in carbapenems. In summary, the crystal structures highlight the importance of residue 117 in OXA‐10 variants for carbapenemase activity. This study also illustrates the impact of a single amino acid substitution on the substrate profile of OXA‐10 and the evolutionary potential of new OXA‐10 variants.