Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complexidade estrutural e diversidade de insetos galhadores em Styrax pohlii Fritsch (Styracaceae)

Esse trabalho teve por objetivo testar se existe efeito da complexidade estrutural da planta hospedeira Styrax pohlii Fritsch (Styracaceae) na diversidade de insetos galhadores. No estudo 30 individuos da planta hospedeira foram amostrados em um fragmento de mata semidecidua no Campus da Universidade Federal de Goias em Goiânia, Goias, Brasil. A altura nao influenciou no numero de folhas com galhas, galhas por folha, galhas por individuo e riqueza de morfotipos. Semelhantemente, o diâmetro da copa e a circunferencia tambem nao influenciaram significativamente. O numero total de folhas por ramo, por outro lado, foi o principal parâmetro relacionado a diversidade de galhas em S. pohlii. Esse parâmetro esteve positivamente e significativamente relacionado com a riqueza e abundância de galhas. Como estrategia de reproducao, muitos insetos galhadores realizam a oviposicao em plantas com grande abundância de folhas, uma vez que, representam maior disponibilidade de sitios de oviposicao. Assim, com excecao do numero de folhas por ramo, nao foram encontrados resultados significativos entre a complexidade estrutural de S. pohlii e a diversidade de insetos galhadores associados.
Sperm Storage and Artificial Insemination in Honey Bees

To obtain the expected yield from a honeybee colony, queen bee is required to have high egg capacity, the colony is also expected to be resistant to diseases, to have a low tendency for swarming, to be resistant to looting, and to be able to adapt to the climatic conditions of the region. In this context, it is important to protect the pure bee races and to improve them by conducting breeding research. To maintain the high yield aspect of honeybee colony, the queen bee needs to be replaced at most every 2 years. Queen bee becomes adult in as short as 16 days after hatching, and mating is realized in the air outside the colony, which makes it difficult to preserve the genetic line of the queen bee. At this point, artificial insemination and protection of gene resources become important. Honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) sperm can be stored for short and long periods. However, due to the delicate structure and biology of honey bee sperm, the high success rate in mammals could not be achieved in storing bee sperm. Due to the genetic damage exposed during the freezing of honey bee sperm, long-term storage difficulties are experienced. In addition, the concentration, motility and viability of spermatozoa decrease due to the short-term storage and storage conditions. In the breeding studies in the same region, after a period of time, gene resources decrease, and accordingly, the risk of inbreeding occurs. Instead of replacing the bee colonies that are at risk of inbreeding, a new different genome addition to the colony whose current yield characteristics are known can be made through the sperm storage of other colonies. Thanks to the long-term storage of sperm, long-period genetic studies can be carried out as in mammals, which is important for improving yield characteristics genetically. In addition, the long-term storage of honeybee sperm is a hope for the protection of regional races that are in danger of extinction due to unconsciousness and improper breeding policies.
Development and characterization of nuclear microsatellite markers in Aphananthe aspera (Thunb.) Planch. (Cannabaceae)

ABSTRACT Nuclear microsatellite markers were developed for Aphananthe aspera (Thunb.) Planch. (Cannabaceae), a deciduous canopy tree species distributed in East Asia, to evaluate the genetic diversity and genetic structure of A. aspera populations in remnant forest fragments in urbanized areas of Japan. A total of 94 primer pairs were designed based on genomic sequence data. Of the 25 primer pairs which showed clear microsatellite peaks, 20 pairs showed allelic polymorphisms in 57 individuals collected from two distant populations. The length of PCR products ranged from 120 to 482 bp, and expected heterozygosity for the 20 microsatellite markers ranged from 0.017 to 0.768. These newly developed simple sequence repeat markers will be used in population genetic studies of A. aspera to evaluate genetic diversity and the extent of genetic isolation of the fragmented populations in urban areas.
Adilcevaz Bölgesinde Rüzgar Enerji Potansiyelinin İncelenmesi

Bu calismada, Adilcevaz bolgesinin ruzgar enerji potansiyeli incelenmistir. Calismada, bolgenin 2018 yilina ait 10 m yukseklikte olculen saatlik ruzgar hiz verileri kullanilmistir. 100 m yukseklik icin ruzgar hiz degerleri Hellmann Bagintisi kullanilarak bulunmustur. Gunumuz dunyasinda artan enerji ihtiyaclarini karsilayabilmek ve enerjide disa olan bagimliligi azaltabilmek buyuk bir onem arz etmektedir. Enerji kaynaklari arasinda ise yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklari buyuk bir oneme sahiptir. Ruzgar enerji potansiyeli iki parametreli Weibull Dagilim Fonksiyonunun Grafik Yontemi kullanilarak 10 m ve 100 m yukseklik degerleri icin hesaplanmistir. Calismada ayrica etkin ruzgar yonu verilerek elde edilen degerlerin hata oranlari, ruzgar enerji guc yogunluklari ve kapasite faktor degerleri hesaplanmistir. Hesaplanan enerji potansiyelleri dikkate alindigi zaman bolgenin ruzgar enerji santralleri proje yatirimlarina uygun oldugu gorulmustur. Boylece, genel olarak Adilcevaz bolgesinin ruzgar enerji potansiyelinin belirlenmesi amaciyla bir on calisma yapilmistir.
LionForests: local interpretation of random forests

Towards a future where machine learning systems will integrate into every aspect of people's lives, researching methods to interpret such systems is necessary, instead of focusing exclusively on enhancing their performance. Enriching the trust between these systems and people will accelerate this integration process. Many medical and retail banking/finance applications use state-of-the-art machine learning techniques to predict certain aspects of new instances. Tree ensembles, like random forests, are widely acceptable solutions on these tasks, while at the same time they are avoided due to their black-box uninterpretable nature, creating an unreasonable paradox. In this paper, we provide a methodology for shedding light on the predictions of the misjudged family of tree ensemble algorithms. Using classic unsupervised learning techniques and an enhanced similarity metric, to wander among transparent trees inside a forest following breadcrumbs, the interpretable essence of tree ensembles arises. An interpretation provided by these systems using our approach, which we call "LionForests", can be a simple, comprehensive rule.
Opting for Exit: Informalization, Social Policy Discontent, and Lack of Good Governance

ABSTRACT The informal sector challenges economic growth and hinders the abatement of income disparities in developing countries. This study argues that a weak and poorly governed welfare state can cause the informal sector to increase when individuals use it as an exit option from an unsatisfying welfare system. The article explores how the welfare state’s benefit structure and citizens’ trust in institutions to deliver public goods affect the likelihood of informality. A logistic hierarchical model, based on cross-sectional survey data from Latin America and the Caribbean and descriptive panel data from Brazil, is used to test the hypothesis. Findings reveal that social policy discontent, low trust, an elitist distribution of welfare benefits, and dysfunctional institutions increase the likelihood of being informally employed. However, workers with greater agency—the better-educated—seem notably less likely to informalize when social policy benefits are targeted toward their own socioeconomic group.
Paedomorphosis in two small species of toothed whales (Odontoceti): how and why?

To evaluate and assess the ontogenetic background for paedomorphosis in phocoenids, samples of 144 harbour porpoises, 81 white-beaked dolphins, and 130 Commerson’s dolphins were compared in terms of the development of epiphyseal fusion, cranial suture fusion, and ontogeny of cranial shape. Harbour porpoises and Commerson’s dolphins terminated growth and development of all investigated traits sooner than white-beaked dolphins, leading to lesser degrees of fusion of skeletal elements and less postnatal allometric development. The latter occurred even though shape in the two paedomorphic species developed at twice the rate relative to the size of white-beaked dolphins. These observations imply that progenetic evolution has occurred convergently in phocoenid and Cephalorhynchus ancestors. The truncated ontogenies allow sexual maturity to be attained earlier and provide a greater reproductive potential. Both species inhabit similar temperate productive habitats and, hence, ecological factors are proposed to have supplied the selection pressures leading to progenesis. Constant prey availability must be a prerequisite for the observed phenomena because frequent food-intake is necessitated by the limited capacity for energy storage and high heat-loss entailed by the resulting small body sizes. Progenesis has rarely been proposed in mammal species. This may reflect rarity or that mammalian expressions of progenesis are less obvious. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 99, 278–295.
Interleukin-17 promotes ovarian carcinoma SKOV3 cells via MTA1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

Among female-specific cancers worldwide, ovarian cancer is one of the three female reproductive malignant tumors, and it has the highest mortality; About 80% of patients are diagnosed at advanced stage [1], despite radical surgery and initial high response rates to first-line chemotherapy; up to 70% of patients experience relapses with a median progression-free survival of 12–18 months [2]. There remains an urgent need for novel targeted therapies to improve clinical outcomes in ovarian cancer. Chronic inflammation has been associated with a variety of human cancers. Approximately 15% of all human cancers have been suggested to result from infection and chronic inflammation [3]. Inflammation is a complex response involving many immune cells, chemokines, and cytokines as well as matrix-degrading enzymes. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays critical roles in many inflammation and autoimmune disease [4]. IL-17 is secreted by T helper 17 cells, natural killer cells, and other immune cells [5], it acts on IL-17RA/IL-17RC receptor complex to activates IL-17downstream factors promote cancer formation through increased cellular proliferation, attenuated apoptosis, and sustained angiogenesis, as well as creation of an immunotolerant microenvironment [3]. IL-17 induced chronic inflammation has been associated with development, invasion, and metastasis of tumors, which has been demonstrated to promote development of ovarian cancer [6], prostate cancer [7], colon cancer [8], skin cancer [9], breast cancer [10], lung cancer [11], and pancreatic cancer [12]. Metastasis-associated genes-1 (MTA1) has been identified as a metastasis relevant gene in 1994, and emerged as one of the highly deregulated oncogenes in human cancer, and its elevated levels correlate well with tumor aggressiveness and unfavorable outcomes for cancer patients in general [13]. MTA1 protein control a spectrum of cancer promoting processes by modulating the expression of target genes and the activity of MTA-interacting protein, which regulated the transcription factors linked to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process during metastasis [14]. MTA1 interacts with the E-cadherin chromatin to repress its transcription, leading to increased invasion [15]. The mechanism of MTA1 regulation of E-cadherin is dependent on MTA1 interaction with Snail and Slug proteins, the two upstream regulators of E-cadherin gene ex-
Modelling polar bear maternity den habitat in east Svalbard

We evaluated a novel tool that predicts possible maternity den habitat of the polar bear (Ursus maritimus) based on a physical snow transport model, a digital terrain model and weather data. We observed and compared den locations in three important denning areas in east Svalbard (Kongsoya, n = 288; Svenskoya, n = 86; Hopen, n = 115) with modelled snowdrift distributions for 24 years. Accounting for a likely position uncertainty of 100 m, 69% of all dens were located within year-specific modelled snowdrifts. These covered on average 1.8%, 2.1% and 24.7% of the three study islands, respectively. Our snowdrift model accurately predicted maternity den positions (R2 = 0.42, area under the receiving operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.85). A model based on slope and altitude, also predicted den positions reasonably well (R2 = 0.35, AUC = 0.88). Habitat maps identifying both current and future areas for maternity denning will become important in managing the Barents Sea population as well as other Arctic populations where changes in sea-ice conditions alter the accessibility to traditional denning areas.
CoMP-NOMA in the SWIPT Networks

This paper studies coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmission with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) for a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) network. We investigate two different CoMP-NOMA schemes, namely joint transmission-NOMA (JT-NOMA) and Alamouti NOMA (A-NOMA). Also, as the benchmark, joint transmission orthogonal multiple access (JT-OMA) is considered. Expressions are derived for the outage probabilities achieved by JT-NOMA, A-NOMA, and JT-OMA for cell edge users with quality of service (QoS) requirements. To compare these schemes in terms of spectral efficiency, we use the $\epsilon $ -outage rate region that is defined to be the set of all achievable rate pairs at which the outage probabilities are equal to $\epsilon $ . It is shown that A-NOMA is superior to both JT-NOMA and JT-OMA in high SNR. Also, it is analytically proved that JT-NOMA outperforms JT-OMA, when the circuit energy consumption is negligible. A particularly interesting observation is that when the circuit energy consumption is non-negligible, JT-NOMA is not always better than JT-OMA. It is shown that when the difference between the expectations of effective channel power gains is not sufficiently large, JT-OMA is superior to JT-NOMA for the same circuit energy consumption.
A New Method of Modeling Shield Tunnel in Mixed Strata Based on FISH Language

In order to solve the problem specific to modeling shield tunnel in mixed strata with FLAC3D, a new method based on FISH language is proposed. By means of the new proposed method, the shield tunnel as well as the stratum inside and outside the tunnel are precisely modeled in FLAC3D. Compared with the traditional way, the new method in the paper is both convenient and accurate. Then the new method is proved to be reasonable through the numerical result of an instance. Consequently, the new method in the paper can be applied to further numerical analysis in FLAC3D.
Diet of tadpoles for five anuran species of northeast Brazil

In this study, the diet of tadpoles of five anuran species was described. The species were collected from either lotic or lentic environments in Caatinga and the Atlantic Forest biome of northeast Brazil. The diet of these tadpoles consisted of algae, protozoa, plants, fungi and animals. Diatoms were the most important items within the diet of Leptodactylus natalensis. Trachelomonas, diatoms, Phacus and Scenedesmus were the most important items comprising the diet of Leptodactylus cf. macrosternum. Trachelomonas, Oscillatoria and Scenedesmus were the most important items comprising the diet of Pithecopus nordestinus. Diatoms and Scenodesmus were the most important items of the diet for Rhinella jimi. For Scinax x-signatus, diatoms (Atlantic Forest population), Oscillatoria, undetermined filament and pollen (Caatinga population) were the most important items consumed. Scinax x-signatus and L. natalensis from Atlantic Forest, and L. cf. macrosternum and P. nordestinus from Caatinga had diets that were the most similar. The diversity of items found in the diets of species considered may be attributed to mechanisms used by tadpoles to obtain food, which favour the acquisition of suspended materials that are highly available in the environment. We discuss the possible effects of the relationship between algae and tadpoles and the importance of recording larvae diets to better understand the dynamics of the aquatic environment and the trophic ecology of tadpoles. Corresponding author: airanprotazio@yahoo.com. br
Genetically determined body mass index mediates the effect of smoking on type 2 diabetes risk, but not coronary artery disease risk

Clinical observations have linked tobacco smoking with increased type 2 diabetes risk (1–5), a major public health concern (6). Mendelian randomization analysis has recently suggested smoking may be a causal risk factor for type 2 diabetes (7). However, this initial association could be mediated by additional causal risk factors correlated with smoking behavior, which have not been investigated to date. We hypothesized that body mass index (BMI) could explain the association between smoking and diabetes risk. First, we confirmed previous reports that genetically determined smoking behavior increased risk for both type 2 diabetes (OR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.15-1.27, P=1×10−12) and coronary artery disease (CAD; OR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.16-1.26, P=2×10−20). Additionally, a 2-fold increased smoking risk is positively associated with body mass index (BMI; ∼0.8 kg/m2, 95% CI: 0.54-0.98 kg/m2, P=1.8×10−11). In multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis, including BMI accounted for nearly all of the risk of smoking on type 2 diabetes (OR 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01-1.11, P=0.03). In contrast, the independent association between smoking and CAD persisted (OR 1.12, CI: 1.08-1.17, P=3×10−8) despite controlling for BMI. Causal mediation analyses agreed with these estimates. Our findings support a model whereby smoking initiation increases obesity, which in turn increases type 2 diabetes risk, with minimal if any direct effects from smoking on diabetes risk. Patients should be advised to stop smoking to limit both type 2 diabetes and CAD risk, and therapeutic efforts should consider pathophysiology relating smoking and obesity.
Air Pollution Prediction Using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Deep Autoencoder (DAE) Models

Many countries worldwide have poor air quality due to the emission of particulate matter (i.e., PM10 and PM2.5), which has led to concerns about human health impacts in urban areas. In this study, we developed models to predict fine PM concentrations using long short-term memory (LSTM) and deep autoencoder (DAE) methods, and compared the model results in terms of root mean square error (RMSE). We applied the models to hourly air quality data from 25 stations in Seoul, South Korea, for the period from 1 January 2015, to 31 December 2018. Fine PM concentrations were predicted for the 10 days following this period, at an optimal learning rate of 0.01 for 100 epochs with batch sizes of 32 for LSTM model, and DAEs model performed best with batch size 64. The proposed models effectively predicted fine PM concentrations, with the LSTM model showing slightly better performance. With our forecasting model, it is possible to give reliable fine dust prediction information for the area where the user is located.
Investigation of the effect of thermal insulation materials on packaging performance

This investigation evaluates thermal insulation performance of a typical shipping container with different insulation materials. A mathematical model developed from our previous work was used to analyse the effect of packaging characteristics on insulative performance. A number of materials were employed as a liner to insulate a typical cardboard box, and the effect of these materials on package insulative performance was evaluated through experimental tests and the transistent thermal model. The results showed that application of aluminium foil to the internal liner surface of polyethylene gave 46% increase in the package insulative performance compared with the original polyethylene‐insulated packages. An improvement of 79% and 106% in insulative performance per unit liner thickness was obtained from packages insulated with a polyisocyanurate board and aerogel blanket compared with the polystyrene‐insulated package. The results also indicated that temperature surrounding the package played a significant role in the maximum insulation time. Furthermore, an excellent agreement was obtained between the mathematical model and the experimental results across all packaging aspects studied in this work.
STRATEGY TO ENHANCE INDONESIA’S LEADING INDUSTRIAL CENTERS COMPETITIVENESS

The industrial centerhas a significant role in supporting the national economy through its ability to absorb labor, technology transfer, and add value to products. The strength of industrial centers is its resilience in facing unstable economic conditions. Government through Nawa Cita has included industrial elements as part of the priority agenda to improve welfare through independence in the economic field. Malang is the second-largest city in East Java which has numerous industrial centers as an economic basis. The industrial centers in Malang City to be mentioned are the Sanan tempe chips, the Blimbing furniture industry, the Arjosari rattan industry, and the Dinoyo ceramics industry. The centers of the industry need to develop so that they can compete with products from other regions and countries. This study aims to map existing industrial centers in Malang and determine the best industrial centers or leading industrial centers by using 12 criteria of regionally superior products according to Minister of Home Affairs Regulation of Indonesia Republic Number 9 of 2014 concerning Guidelines for Regional Superior Product Development. Furthermore, this study will analyze the weaknesses, strengths, opportunities, and threats of the leading industrial centers. Then the results of the analysis are mapped into a matrix of internal and external factors as a basis for determining strategies to improve the competitiveness of leading industrial centers. The research used the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and SWOT Analysis as the research method. The information explored through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews. The results showed that Malang City has 4 (four) leading industrial centers, namely tempe chips, ceramics, furniture, and rattan. On the IE matrix, the position of Malang’s leading industrial centers is in cell V which is maintaining and defending. In this cell, the strategy that must be carried out by the superior industrial centers of Malang City is an intensive strategyby conducting market development and product development. The market development strategy is to introduce existing products or services to a geographical area or a new market segment. Based on the QSPM matrix, the alternative strategy that has the highest TAS score is to increase demand by using social media and supporting clusters (tourism destination) as a marketing channel supported by the superiority of the products and services offered.