Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic Stability of Fenclorim and Clopyralid

The present work reports an experimental thermodynamic study of two nitrogen heterocyclic organic compounds, fenclorim and clopyralid, that have been used as herbicides. The sublimation vapor pressures of fenclorim (4,6-dichloro-2-phenylpyrimidine) and of clopyralid (3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) were measured, at different temperatures, using a Knudsen mass-loss effusion technique. The vapor pressures of both crystalline and liquid (including supercooled liquid) phases of fenclorim were also determined using a static method based on capacitance diaphragm manometers. The experimental results enabled accurate determination of the standard molar enthalpies, entropies and Gibbs energies of sublimation for both compounds and of vaporization for fenclorim, allowing a phase diagram representation of the (p,T) results, in the neighborhood of the triple point of this compound. The temperatures and molar enthalpies of fusion of the two compounds studied were determined using differential scanning calorimetry. The standard isobaric molar heat capacities of the two crystalline compounds were determined at 298.15 K, using drop calorimetry. The gas phase thermodynamic properties of the two compounds were estimated through ab initio calculations, at the G3(MP2)//B3LYP level, and their thermodynamic stability was evaluated in the gaseous and crystalline phases, considering the calculated values of the standard Gibbs energies of formation, at 298.15 K. All these data, together with other physical and chemical properties, will be useful to predict the mobility and environmental distribution of these two compounds.
Degradation of β-Carbolines Harman and Norharman in Edible Oils during Heating

The β-carbolines, mainly including harman and norharman, are a group of naturally occurring, plant-derived alkaloids, and are also considered as nonpolar heterocyclic aromatic amines. Sesame seed oils contain a high level of β-carbolines (harman and norharman). In China, sesame seed oil blends are one of the most popular types of vegetable oils blends, which can be used as cooking oils or frying oils. Thus, it is meaningful to investigate the degradation of β-carbolines (harman and norharman) in sesame seed oil blends as frying oils during heating. In this work, the loss of harman and norharman in different types of sesame seed oil blends have been investigated. The results showed that the degradation of harman and norharman were dependent both on the type of oil blends, heating temperature and time. Harman and norharman were more degraded during heating (150 °C, 180 °C) in oleic acid-rich oil blends compared to polyunsaturated acid-rich oil blends. Mechanistic investigation suggested that the reduction in harman and norharman in oil blends during heating was mainly due to the oxidative degradation reaction between β-carbolines and lipid oxidation products. Therefore, the contents of β-carbolines (harman and norharman) in sesame seed oil blends when used as frying oils and heated can be decreased with prolonged cooking time.
Protective Effects of L-Theanine on IPEC-J2 Cells Growth Inhibition Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium via p53 Signaling Pathway

L-theanine is a nonprotein amino acid found in tea leaves and has been widely used as a safe food additive in beverages or foods because of its varied bioactivities. The aim of this study was to reveal the in vitro gastrointestinal protective effects of L-theanine in DSS-induced intestinal porcine enterocyte (IPEC-J2) cell models using molecular and metabolic methods. Results showed that 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment inhibited the cell proliferation of IPEC-J2 and blocked the normal operation of the cell cycle, while L-theanine pretreatment significantly preserved these trends to exert protective effects. L-theanine pre-treatment also up-regulated the EGF, CDC2, FGF2, Rb genes and down-regulated p53, p21 proliferation-related mRNA expression in DSS-treated cells, in accompany with p53 signaling pathway inhibition. Meanwhile, metabolomics analysis revealed that L-theanine and DSS treated IPEC-J2 cells have different metabolomic profiles, with significant changes in the key metabolites involved in pyrimidine metabolism and amino acid metabolism, which play an important role in nucleotide metabolism. In summary, L-theanine has a beneficial protection in DSS-induced IPEC-J2 cells via promoting proliferation and regulating metabolism disorders.
Optimal Coils and Control Matching in Wireless Power Transfer Dynamic Battery Chargers for Electric Vehicles

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) is a key enabling technology towards the transportation electrification, able to overcome some limits of the plug-in charging of the Electric Vehicle (EV). In this frame, a special attention is paid to the dynamic WPT systems, where the EV is recharged during motion. This paper presents a model and a resultant method for the system level design of a series-series WPT Dynamic Battery Charger (WPT-DBC) for EVs. The model allows analyzing the joined influence of coil pair characteristics and power converter stages controls on the global performances of WPT-DBCs. The design method provides general guidelines for system level optimization, matching the characteristics of the power and control elements of a series-series WPT-DBC, to achieve the desired efficiency, receiver power loss and battery charge.
Four-quadrant class AB CMOS current multiplier

A four-quadrant class AB CMOS current-multiplier is presented. Wide input range, high dynamic range, high cutoff frequency, good linearity and low consumption are the features of the presented technique. A nonlinearity error of 1.1 % with a small-signal bandwidth of 66 MHz for a quiescent current of 25 µA and a supply voltage of 3.3 V in a 0.5 µm technology are obtained.
A deep learning traffic flow prediction framework based on multi-channel graph convolution

ABSTRACT Accurate and timely traffic flow prediction is a critical part of the steps to alleviate traffic congestion. Fully considering the spatial–temporal dependencies of traffic flow is the key to accurately predicting traffic flow. Addressing the problem that traditional methods are difficult to capture the complex spatial–temporal dependence of urban traffic flow, and therefore cannot meet the accuracy requirements for medium and long-term prediction tasks, this paper uses Graph Convolution (GCN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) methods to capture time and space dependence through data analysis, and proposes a new type of deep learning model MCGC-LSTM. GCN is utilized to learn spatial dependence by analyzing the topological structure of an urban road traffic network, while LSTM is utilized to learn temporal dependence by analyzing the dynamic changes of traffic flow. The experimental results based on a real data set show that this method can achieve better prediction accuracy.
Purchase Intent for Fashion Counterfeit Products: Ethical Ideologies, Ethical Judgments, and Perceived Risks

In two studies ethical ideologies, ethical judgments, perceived risk, and purchase intent associated with fashion counterfeit products were examined. Study 1 (N= 115) found that one perceived risk factor (general uncertainty about consequences) influenced intent to purchase fashion counterfeit items, but ethical ideologies did not. Incorporating ethical judgments, Study 2 (N= 326) found that one of the risk dimensions (general uncertainty about consequences) was significantly related to intent to purchase fashion counterfeit products. In addition, consumers' relativism positively predicted ethical judgments regarding purchasing fashion counterfeit products, whereas idealism did not. Consumers' ethical judgments regarding fashion counterfeit products negatively influenced purchase intent for fashion counterfeit products. The purchase and ownership of fashion counterfeit products were fairly common. The findings of these exploratory studies can be used in the development of course lectures and activities, as well as strategies to offset fashion counterfeiting purchasing.
Evaluation of interrupted energy assessment rates in distribution systems

The authors illustrate how the concepts previously developed for generation systems and for composite generation and transmission systems can be extended to the area of distribution systems in order to obtain interrupted energy assessment rate (IEAR) indices for each customer load point and for the overall distribution system. The results of the proposed method are compared with those from a Monte Carlo simulation approach. The concepts involved in creating different customer sector IEARS by using appropriate customer cost functions are illustrated using an educational test system. >
Optimization of Well Field Operation: Case Study of Søndersø Waterworks, Denmark

AbstractAn integrated hydrological well field model (WELLNES) that predicts the water level and energy consumption in the production wells of a waterworks is used to optimize the management of a waterworks with the speed of the pumps as decision variables. The two-objective optimization problem of minimizing the risk of contamination from a nearby contaminated site and minimizing the energy consumption of the waterworks is solved by genetic algorithms. In comparison with historical values, significant improvements in both objectives can be obtained. If the existing on/off pumps are changed to new variable-speed pumps, it is possible to save 42% of the specific energy consumption and at the same time improve the risk objective function. The payback period of investing in new variable speed pumps is only 3.1 years, due to the large savings in electricity. The case study illustrates the efficiency and applicability of the developed modeling framework.
Successful treatment of tumor stage mycosis fungoides with total skin helical tomotherapy

Total skin electron beam therapy (TSEBT) is a treatment option for mycosis fungoides (MF). In Japan, it has been rarely performed because of the time required for each treatment, physical burden on patients, and difficulties in providing uniform dosimetry. In recent years, helical tomotherapy, an intensity‐modulated radiation therapy that applies helical computed tomography technology, has been used to treat cancer. Total skin helical tomotherapy (TSHT) has been suggested as a promising alternative to TSEBT for patients with MF, but there are few reports from Japan. We used TSHT to treat a 28‐year‐old Japanese woman with tumor stage MF. She achieved complete remission with TSHT (12 Gy in six fractions over 6 days) and remained in remission for 32 months without additional treatment. Treatment‐related grade 4 myelosuppression was observed, but resolved with blood transfusions and subcutaneous injection of granulocyte colony stimulating factor. Other adverse events were tolerable. Although careful attention should be paid to myelosuppression, TSHT might be a useful treatment option for MF.
Numerical simulation of the thermomechanical buckling analysis of bidirectional porous functionally graded plate using collocation meshfree method

This paper presents some new and valuable numerical results for the thermo-mechanical buckling analysis of bidirectional porous functionally graded plates with uniform and non-uniform temperature rise. The strong form formulation is implemented for thermo-mechanical buckling in the framework of higher-order shear deformation theory. The material property with four schemes of porosity distribution of bidirectional porous functionally graded plate is taken by a modified power law. The governing differential equations are accomplished utilizing the principle of virtual works. The multi-quadric radial basis function is implemented for discretizing the governing differential equations. The multi-quadric radial basis function Euclidean norm is modified to analyze the square as well as rectangular plates without changing the shape parameters. Convergence and validation studies are performed to show the accuracy, effectiveness, and consistency of the present meshfree collocation method. The influence of different porosity distributions, span to thickness ratios, aspect ratios, grading index, temperature raise, boundary conditions, and porosity index on thermomechanical buckling load is evaluated. Some novel results for the bidirectional porous functionally graded plate are also enumerated that can be utilized as benchmark results for future reference.
Exploring Behavioral Patterns of Lane Change Maneuvers for Human-Like Autonomous Driving

Due to the growing interest in automated driving, a deep understanding on the characteristics of human driving behavior is critical for human-like autonomous vehicles. Among various driving behaviors, lane change is the most important one for vehicle lateral driving safety. This study proposes an unsupervised method to extract and discover the behavioral patterns of lane change maneuvers for the purpose of exploring the composed behavioral patterns during lane change. This method involves two phases: Firstly, the lane change sequences will be segmented into blocks using time-series segmentation algorithms. Three segmentation algorithms were utilized in this study. In the second phase, the segments will be clustered to find the corresponding behavioral pattern of each segment. Two extended latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) models were adopted to cluster the segments. The combination of different segmentation and clustering algorithms were evaluated and compared by employing entropy and perplexity as the evaluation criteria. Collected lane change data from naturalistic driving were applied to examine its effectiveness. The results show that this method could effectively mine descriptive behavioral patterns from lane change data. This study provides a promising data mining solution to facilitating deep and comprehensive understanding on driver lane change behaviors, which will promote the development of human-like autonomous vehicles.
Rise of flux in solid iron core due to impact excitation

In designing machines and apparatus with solid magnetic circuits, flux/time curves have often to be predetermined to secure a desired rapidity of response. Their prediction has hitherto been uncertain, especially in the presence of saturation. In the paper, an attempt is made to derive the equations for the rise of flux and current on the basis of a limiting non-linear theory. This results in an original treatment and gives a greater insight into the physical phenomena involved in the magnetization of a core due to impact excitation. The results obtained from these equations compare favourably with test results.
Influence Analysis of Sustainability Perceptions on Sense of Community and Support for Sustainable Community Development in Relocated Communities

This study aims to examine a theoretical model using sustainability perceptions, including environmental; sociocultural; economic; and life satisfaction, sense of community, and support for sustainable community development among the indigenous people of two relocated communities in Taiwan. A total of 747 usable questionnaires were collected and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The analytical results indicated that sense of community is an antecedent of support for sustainable community development in both relocated communities. Life satisfaction perceptions can influence the sense of community in Rinari. Additionally, environmental and economic perceptions are antecedents of the sense of community in New Laiyi. Finally, this study provides theoretical implications to fill the gaps in previous research, and offers valuable insights for promoting residents’ support for sustainable community development in aboriginal communities; thus, this study has significant contributions, theoretically and practically.
Modeling and control of variable-speed wind-turbine drive-system dynamics

When designing control for variable-speed wind turbines, one deals with highly resonant, nonlinear dynamic systems subject to random excitation, i.e., wind turbulence. This requires good knowledge of the dynamics to be controlled, particularly when combined with the increasingly common "soft" concept of lightweight, flexible constructional components; it creates cost advantages compared to more material-consuming rigid constructions, but also results in low frequency structural eigenfrequencies, some of which may appear in the bandwidth of closed-loop operation. For this article, system-identification experiments have been performed on an existing 400 kW, variable-speed, horizontal-axis wind turbine using various identification schemes. The identification results have then provided numerical values of the parameters in a physical model of the drive system. The acquired model has been used for design and evaluation of a number of linear and nonlinear control schemes for wind-turbine speed regulation. >
Improved analytical modeling of conductive losses in magnetic components

The one well-known one-dimensional method for calculating the AC resistance of multilayer transformer windings contains a built-in orthogonality which has not been reported previously. Orthogonality between skin effect and proximity effect makes a more generalized approach for the analytical solution of AC resistance in windings possible. This includes a method to calculate the AC resistance of round conductor windings which is not only convenient to use, but gives more accurate answers than the basic one-dimensional method because the exact analytical equations for round conductors can be used. >
Dynamic multi-interval bus travel time prediction using bus transit data

The objective of this research is to develop a dynamic model to forecast multi-interval path travel times between bus stops of origin and destination. The research also intends to test the proposed model using real-world data. This research was brought about by the shortcomings of the existing real-time based short-term-prediction models, which have been widely utilised for single interval predictions. The developed model is based on the Nearest Neighbour Non-Parametric Regression using historical and current data collected by the Automatic Vehicle Location technology. In a test with real-world bus data in Seoul, Korea, the proposed multi-interval-prediction model performed effectively in terms of both prediction accuracy and computing time.
Hybrid Control for Bidirectional Z-Source Inverter for Locomotives

Electric traction uses three phase locomotives in main line services. Three phase locomotives consist of voltage source inverters for driving the traction motors. This paper proposes a hybrid algorithm for bidirectional Z-source inverters in accelerating region of operation of locomotives. The speed control method adopted is same as that in the existing three phase locomotives which is variable voltage variable frequency. Bidirectional Z-source inverter is designed for getting the same output power as in voltage source inverter fed locomotives. Simulation is done in all regions of traction speed curve, namely, acceleration, free running, and braking by regeneration. The voltage stress across the devices and modulation index are considered while analyzing the proposed control algorithm. It is found that the modulation index remains at a high value over the entire range of frequencies. Due to the higher value of modulation index the harmonics in the inverter output voltage is reduced. Also the voltage stress across devices is limited to a value below the device rating used in the present three phase locomotives. A small scale prototype of the bi-directional Z-source inverter fed drive is developed in the laboratory and the hybrid control was verified in the control topology.
A Review on Reinforcement Methods for Polymeric Materials Processed Using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)

Over the last few years, fused filament fabrication (FFF) has become one of the most promising and widely used techniques for the rapid prototyping process. A number of studies have also shown the possibility of FFF being used for the fabrication of functional products, such as biomedical implants and automotive components. However, the poor mechanical properties possessed by FFF-processed products are considered one of the major shortcomings of this technique. Over the last decade, many researchers have attempted to improve the mechanical properties of FFF-processed products using several strategies—for instance, by applying the short fiber reinforcement (SFR), continuous fiber reinforcement (CFR), powder addition reinforcement (PAR), vibration-assisted FFF (VA-FFF) methods, as well as annealing. In this paper, the details of all these reinforcement techniques are reviewed. The abilities of each method in improving tensile, flexural, and compressive strength are discussed.
Compact microstrip dual-mode dual-band bandpass filter with wide stopband

A compact microstrip dual-mode dual-band bandpass filter is presented. The filter consists of two E-shaped resonators and two T-shaped feedlines. By utilising the odd-mode and even-mode resonance properties of the proposed E-shaped resonator, the new filter is designed with two transmission poles in both passbands. Furthermore, the introduced two T-shaped feedlines and a coupling between them can result in multi-transmission zeros in the stopband, which will improve the selectivity of the filter. To validate the design theory, a dual-mode dual-band filter with two passbands located at the centre frequencies of 1.8 and 2.4 GHz, respectively, were designed and fabricated. Both experimental and simulation results are provided, with good agreement.
Driver Eye and Vehicle Heights for Use in Geometric Design

Driver eye, headlight, taillight, and vehicle heights are important elements for determining passing and intersection sight distances and horizontal and vertical curve lengths to provide required stopping sight distance. Driver eye and object heights have varied significantly since their inception in the 1920s, when their values were suggested as 1676 mm. The objective of this study was to determine appropriate driver eye, headlight, taillight, and vehicle heights for use in developing geometric design criteria. The results of this research were used to recommend a driver eye height of 1080 mm for design purposes. This value represents 90 percent of the passenger car driver eye height values and an even higher percentage of the total vehicle fleet, because passenger cars have the lowest driver eye height values and represent fewer than two-thirds of the total vehicle fleet. Headlight and taillight heights of 600 mm are recommended for design. These values represent over 90 and 95 percent of the passenger cars observed in this study, respectively. The vehicle height recommendation for sight distance was 1315 mm, which represents the 10th percentile passenger car height values measured in the research.
Printed ultra-wideband stepped-circular slot antenna with different tuning stubs

Abstract This paper is aimed at proposing a novel printed microstrip-fed slot antenna suitable for wireless ultra-wideband (UWB) communication systems. The proposed antenna has been designed for operating at GHz frequency band. The synthesis of the antenna is carried out by means of parametric study of the main parameters. The result is a printed stepped-circular-shaped slot antenna exhibiting a good impedance matching with different tuning stubs. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed UWB antenna, the results from numerical validations and experimental tests are presented and discussed.