Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A F-band two-element phased-array receiver using reflection-Type vector modulator in 90-nm CMOS technology

This paper describes a K-band 2-element phase-array receiver in 90 nm CMOS process. The receiver consists of two low noise amplifiers (LNAs), two vector modulators, and a down-converter mixer. The vector modulators are designed using a modified reflection-type in- and quadrature-phase modulator for amplitude and phase control. At 66 GHz, the measured small-signal gain of LNA is 24 dB with a noise figure of 6.9 dB. The measured small-signal gains of the LNA with the vector modulator for the four phase states are higher than 5 dB between 64 and 67 GHz. The measured conversion gain of mixer is 6.7 dB. The measured minimum phase and amplitude errors are 4.8 and 1 dB, respectively. The chip size is 1.45×0.95 mm2.
THE EFFECTS OF LIQUID HOLDING ON NEAR‐UV(300–400 nm) IRRADIATED ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAINS DIFFERING IN NEAR AND FAR‐UV RADIATION SENSITIVITY

Abstract— Stationary phase cells from four Escherichia coli strains differing in near‐ (nur vs. nur +) and far‐UV (recAl vs. recA+) radiation sensitivity were subjected to near‐UV radiation (NUV) in 0.85% saline. Although the NUV‐irradiated cultures yielded increased colony numbers following 24 h of liquid holding (LH), a fluctuation test for each experiment showed that the observed increases were not due to recovery but were in fact due to cell multiplication. The decline in viability observed after NUV with liquid holding using the fluctuation test was equivalent in strains RT2, 3 and 4 while the decline observed with RT1 was less marked. The discrepancy between LH involving cell densities of 108‐109 and 1–4 cells/m/ can be resolved by assuming that with dense cell suspensions, NUV‐induced membrane damage leads to leakage or lysis, supplying sufficient nutrients to allow growth of undamaged, surviving cells.
Novel Contrast Mechanisms at High Field 1

This article reviews the technical principles of novel contrast mechanisms for musculoskeletal imaging. Ultrashort echo-time imaging allows the visualization of fast T2 relaxing tissue components that are not directly detectable by standard magnetic resonance imaging. This offers several new applications, especially in musculoskeletal imaging, to visualize these tissue components directly. Magnetization transfer techniques, which have been successfully applied to assess demyelinization processes in white brain matter, for example, can be used to detect the integrity of the collagen network of cartilage, and they may help for the detection of early cartilage degradations. Finally, diffusion-weighted imaging represents a further technique to detect bone marrow pathologies or indicate collagen degradation and water content in cartilage. The technical details and implementation techniques of these dedicated imaging modalities are demonstrated and reviewed in this article, and some clinical examples are presented.
Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri Ameliorates Disease Due to Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in Germfree Mice

ABSTRACT Strains of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are a group of Shiga toxin-producing food-borne pathogens that cause severe hemorrhagic colitis and can lead to hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), a life-threatening condition that principally affects children and for which there is no effective treatment. We used a germfree mouse model of renal and enteric disease due to EHEC to determine if probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 is effective in suppressing disease symptoms caused by EHEC. When germfree Swiss Webster mice are monocolonized with EHEC, they develop disease characterized by weight loss, cecal luminal fluid accumulation, and renal tubular necrosis. When L. reuteri was administered 1 day prior to EHEC challenge and every other day thereafter, EHEC colonization was suppressed and mice were significantly protected from the manifestations of disease. Protection from disease did not require the induction of the antimicrobial compound reuterin in L. reuteri prior to treatment. The twice-daily administration of L. reuteri appeared more effective than every-other-day administration. These data indicated that L. reuteri partially protects mice from disease manifestations of EHEC.
Optical bistability in a two-dimensional nonlinear superlattice.

Based on our theoretical results of dynamical behaviors of light transmission in optical superlattices, we show that there is a new type of optical bistable mechanism, i.e., the index-modulation mechanism, existing in a two-dimensional superlattice that contains dielectric nonlinearity of the Kerr form. This bistable mechanism is not exhibited in one-dimensional superlattices
Optimal Control Policy for Stochastic Inventory Systems with Markovian Discount Opportunities

In this paper, we study a single-item continuous-review inventory system with Poisson demand. In addition to the standard cost structure of a fixed setup cost and a quasiconvex expected inventory holding and shortage cost, special opportunities for placing orders at a discounted setup cost occur according to a Poisson process that is independent of the demand process. This model has been studied as a subproblem of multi-item/location inventory systems where there are economies-of-scale in joint replenishment. For the single-item model, the literature proposes the ( s , c , S ) policy, under which an order is placed to increase the inventory position to S either when the inventory position drops to s , or when the inventory position is at or below c and a discount opportunity occurs. We prove that the ( s , c , S ) policy is optimal for the model, develop an efficient algorithm for computing optimal control parameters s *, c *, S*, and carry out a parametric analysis showing the effects of changes in problem parameters on the optimal control parameters and the minimum cost.
An Information Theoretic Approach to Rule Induction from Databases

An algorithm for the induction of rules from examples is introduced. The algorithm is novel in the sense that it not only learns rules for a given concept (classification), but it simultaneously learns rules relating multiple concepts. This type of learning, known as generalized rule induction, is considerably more general than existing algorithms, which tend to be classification oriented. Initially, it is focused on the problem of determining a quantitative, well-defined rule preference measure. In particular, a quantity called the J-measure is proposed as an information-theoretic alternative to existing approaches. The J-measure quantifies the information content of a rule or a hypothesis. The information theoretic origins of this measure are outlined, and its plausibility as a hypothesis preference measure is examined. The ITRULE algorithm, which uses the measure to learn a set of optimal rules from a set of data samples, is defined. Experimental results on real-world data are analyzed. >
Effects of high‐dose ethanol intoxication and hangover on cognitive flexibility

The effects of high‐dose ethanol intoxication on cognitive flexibility processes are not well understood, and processes related to hangover after intoxication have remained even more elusive. Similarly, it is unknown in how far the complexity of cognitive flexibility processes is affected by intoxication and hangover effects. We performed a neurophysiological study applying high density electroencephalography (EEG) recording to analyze event‐related potentials (ERPs) and perform source localization in a task switching paradigm which varied the complexity of task switching by means of memory demands. The results show that high‐dose ethanol intoxication only affects task switching (i.e. cognitive flexibility processes) when memory processes are required to control task switching mechanisms, suggesting that even high doses of ethanol compromise cognitive processes when they are highly demanding. The EEG and source localization data show that these effects unfold by modulating response selection processes in the anterior cingulate cortex. Perceptual and attentional selection processes as well as working memory processes were only unspecifically modulated. In all subprocesses examined, there were no differences between the sober and hangover states, thus suggesting a fast recovery of cognitive flexibility after high‐dose ethanol intoxication. We assume that the gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) system accounts for the observed effects, while they can hardly be explained by the dopaminergic system.
A COLLABORATIVE PROJECT to Apply and Evaluate the Clinical Judgment Model Through Simulation

&NA; As use of simulations increases in nursing education, nurse educators are challenged to evaluate students' clinical judgment skills. The purpose of this article is to describe faculty development in the use of the Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric (LCJR); faculty application of LCJR in evaluating students' clinical judgment skills during a simulation scenario; and faculty and students' perception transference from the simulation to the clinical setting. Tanner's Clinical Judgment Model was used in an assigned adult health simulation. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from faculty and student evaluations and students' reflective statements. Findings support the importance of simulation's contribution to clinical judgment development. However, more work remains to improve the integration of clinical judgment and use of a conceptual framework and evidence‐based rubric. For long‐term change, both faculty and students need ongoing practice and encouragement in applying the clinical judgment framework to clinical and simulation experiences. For application of the model, a recommendation is to incorporate the clinical judgment language into course syllabi, course assignments, and evaluations.
Using the time‐to‐event continual reassessment method in the presence of partial orders

The time‐to‐event continual reassessment method (TITE‐CRM) was proposed to handle the problem of long trial duration in Phase 1 trials as a result of late‐onset toxicities. Here, we implement the TITE‐CRM in dose‐finding trials of combinations of agents. When studying multiple agents, monotonicity of the dose–toxicity curve is not clearly defined. Therefore, the toxicity probabilities follow a partial order, meaning that there are pairs of treatments for which the ordering of the toxicity probabilities is not known at the start of the trial. A CRM design for partially ordered trials (PO‐CRM) was recently proposed. Simulation studies show that extending the TITE‐CRM to the partial order setting produces results similar to those of the PO‐CRM in terms of maximum tolerated dose recommendation yet reduces the duration of the trial. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlated Services Investigation: Las Vegas

Service mining is a novel and interesting topic for service researches. This research investigates how to discover associated services based on the concept of service mining. The goal is to provide clues of marketing campaign among services to companies. Two-step mining approach is used to solve the problem of taking into account associated services simultaneously among certain domains. The first step is to discover service clusters based on different categories. The second step is to explore the associated services among various categories that were furnished by companies. This study attempts to apply our approach to services from Las Vegas hotels. The contributions of this research are (1) identifying similar services and (2) recommending appropriate associated services.
A Collocation Method for Power Aware Resource Management in Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is an emerging computing technology. It offers an on-demand and scalable access to a shared pool of resources hosted in a data centre at providers‟ site. Resource dynamical allocation and management is a major challenge in cloud computing. Basic unit of resource management is virtual machine. Power consumption of a Virtual Machine (VM) is linear to the Utilization of its occupied physical resources. The Collocation method provides the efficient resource management scheme by the proper utilization of VM. The algorithm provides the effective utilization of VM as running of VM increases the overhead cost [1]. Experiment results show that the scheme provides the lower power consumption.
si Robust clustering of languages across Wikipedia growth

1Faculty of Information Studies, Ljubljanska cesta 31A, 8000 Novo Mesto, Slovenia 2Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia 3CAMTP—Center for Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Maribor, Mladinska 3, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia 4Department of Knowledge Technologies, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Cerebrospinal fluid markers in MS patients and their healthy siblings

In a previous study we found that nine of 47 siblings to multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with a normal neurological examination carry an intrathecal oligoclonal immunopathy with limited specificity, a condition we termed MS immunopathic trait. The purpose of this study is to further characterize the MS immunopathic trait phenotype. We found that the neurofilament light protein (NFL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAp) concentrations were increased in the group of patients with clinically definite MS (n = 47) in latent or slowly progressive phases. There was no increase in GFAp and NFL in cerebrospinal fluid in the healthy siblings of MS patients (n = 47), nor in the subgroup of these siblings with MS immunopathic trait (n = 9) compared with a group of healthy control subjects (n = 50). Thus, there was no indication of presymptomatic CNS parenchymal involvement in MS immunopathic trait.
Chronically Administered Immunotherapy with Low-Dose IL-2 and IFN-α in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Feasible Option for Patients with a Good Prognostic Profile

Objective: We report the results obtained using an original immunotherapy schedule featuring chronically administered low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-α (IFN-α) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), and we assess treatment efficacy according to the patients’ prognostic profiles. Methods: 138 consecutive patients were enrolled, and received IL-2 (1 million IU/m2) subcutaneously twice daily on days 1 and 2, and once daily on days 3–5 of each week, and IFN-α (1.8 million IU/m2) intramuscularly once daily on days 3 and 5. Each cycle consisted of 4 consecutive weeks and was repeated indefinitely at 4-month intervals regardless of response. The patients’ baseline risk profile was assessed using Negrier’s stratification system. Results: The overall response rate was 10.9% (95% CI 6.7–17.2), and median overall survival was 19.6 months (95% CI 14.2–28.2). Treatment-related toxicity was mostly WHO grade 2 or below. Survival in the low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups was significantly different (p for trend <0.001), with low-risk patients having a median survival of 65.1 months (95% CI 42.7–84.2). Conclusion: Chronically administered low-dose IL-2 and IFN-α may be a safe and effective option for low-risk mRCC patients.
Using "Rules of Thumb" Practices to Enhance Conceptual Understanding and Scientific Reasoning in Project Based Inquiry Classrooms

With foundations in scientific argumentation/discourse literature and transfer literature, this study describes the potential of a new ritualized and repeated classroom activity, the Rules of Thumb practice, in developing the conceptual understanding, scientific reasoning, and transfer ability of physical science students in project-based inquiry classrooms (e.g., Learning By Design). Teachers employ an experimental Rules of Thumb practice with more or less fidelity to develop student science talk (defined as the skill or act of communicating and explaining, both in written and/or verbal form, the science concepts and principles within a context in an abstract, generalized form) using scaffolded, iterative instructional practices. Comparison and experimental classrooms completed two post-treatment writing assessments, which were coded and analyzed. This paper presents the results of that analysis and reports that the Rules of Thumb practice may have an effect in developing conceptual understanding, scientific reasoning, and transfer ability and that teacher implementation of the Rules of Thumb practice does indeed affect student outcomes.
The development of mobile applications for patient education

The International Centre for Digital Content explores the relationship of technology to societyóthrough present and emerging applications. This paper outlines ICDCís rapid application development methodology, focusing specifically on a current project partnership with Healthcare Services. The aim of this project is to provide the Primary Care Group (PCG) healthcare specialists with a suite of interoperable devices that can provide breast cancer patients with personalized educational information at any point throughout the course of their treatment. The first phase of the project focuses on the development of a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) prototype. The patient will have access to educational multimedia content relating to their condition at any time and in any context.
Flow electrification in power transformers: electrical modeling

A charge zone named electrical double layer exists at a solid-liquid interface. The liquid flow induces a phenomenon called flow electrification: it generates a streaming current (caused by the convection of charges present in the liquid) and a potential rise in the solid (if this one is insulated from the ground). These potentials may reach values high enough to produce electrical discharges and provoke accidents. Although this phenomenon has been identified a long time ago, its physical description rests unknown (production and displacement of charges, equilibrium, etc.). As part of the research program of Electricite de France, a prototype sensor dedicated to flow electrification characterization at the interface between pressboard and oil has been developed with the University of Poitiers. In this paper we propose to use an electrical analogy to model these processes in the prototype. This electrical model is based on the analysis of experiences carried out with the sensor.
Zebrin II compartmentation of the cerebellum in a basal insectivore, the Madagascan hedgehog tenrec Echinops telfairi

The mammalian cerebellum is histologically uniform. However, underlying the simple laminar architecture is a complex arrangement of parasagittal stripes and transverse zones that can be revealed by the expression of zebrin II/aldolase C. The cerebellar cortex of rodents, for example, is organized into four transverse zones: anterior, central, posterior and nodular. Within the anterior and posterior zones, parasagittal stripes of Purkinje cells expressing zebrin II alternate with those that do not. Zonal boundaries appear to be independent of cerebellar lobulation. To explore this model further, and to broaden our understanding of the evolution of cerebellar patterning, zebrin II expression has been studied in the cerebellum of the Madagascan hedgehog tenrec (Echinops telfairi), a basal insectivore with a lissiform cerebellum with only five lobules. Zebrin II expression in the tenrec reveals an array of four transverse zones as in rodents, two with homogeneous zebrin II expression, two further subdivided into stripes, that closely resembles the expression pattern described in other mammals. We conclude that a zone‐and‐stripe organization may be a common feature of the mammalian cerebellar vermis and hemispheres, and that zonal boundaries and cerebellar lobules and fissures form independently.
Plasma and renal prorenin/renin, renin mRNA, and blood pressure in Dahl salt-sensitive and salt-resistant rats.

We measured plasma prorenin and renin levels, renal renin mRNA, renal anti-renin and anti-prorenin-prosequence immunoreactivity, and blood pressure in maturing Brookhaven Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl S) and salt-resistant (Dahl R) rats during 14 days of low (0%), medium (0.4%), or high 4%) NaCl diets. Blood pressure was higher in Dahl S rats and did not increase with high NaCl. Seven-week-old Dahl R rats had twofold and sixfold higher levels of plasma prorenin and renal prosequence immunoreactivity, respectively, which by 9 weeks were the same as in Dahl S rats. The anti-renin antiserum, BR1-5, was found to detect prorenin better than renin; Dahl S rats had suppressed renal anti-renin immunoreactivity relative to Dahl-R rats. Dahl R rats were unresponsive to high NaCl, whereas in Dahl S rats, plasma renin and renal prosequence immunoreactivity fell by 90% (P < .01), renal anti-renin immunoreactivity and renal renin MRNA fell by 35% (P < .05 for both), and plasma prorenin fell by 30% (P = NS). NaCl depletion increased prorenin/renin parameters similarly in both strains. There were direct relationships among all of the prorenin/renin parameters. Between low and high salt diets in Dahl S rats, plasma renin increased 20-fold, plasma total renin (renin plus prorenin) and renal renin mRNA both increased threefold, and plasma prorenin increased twofold. The results indicate that under steady-state conditions, plasma and renal renin/prorenin parameters change concordantly and that plasma total renin (renin plus prorenin) reflects changes in renal renin mRNA. The lower blood pressure of Dahl R rats is associated with later maturation-related declines in plasma and renal prorenin. Suppression of plasma renin may delay the salt-induced blood pressure rise in Dahl S rats. Finally, the renin system and blood pressure of Dahl R rats have remarkable disregard for a high salt diet.
Estimation of basic reproduction numbers : individual heterogeneity and robustness to mis-specification of the contact function

The basic reproduction number of an infection in a given population, R0, is inflated by individual heterogeneity in contact rates. Recently, new methods for estimating R0 using social contact data have been proposed. These methods, like most of their predecessors, ignore individual heterogeneity, and are sensitive to mis-specification of the contact function. Using a frailty framework, we derive expressions for R0 in the presence of age-varying heterogeneity. In this case, R0 is the spectral radius of a population version of the next generation operator, which involves the variance function of the age-dependent frailty. This variance can be estimated within a shared frailty framework from paired data on two infections transmitted by the same route. We propose two estimators of R0 for infections in endemic equilibrium. We investigate their performance by simulation, and find that is generally more robust than the other to mis-specification of the effective contact function. These methods are applied to data on varicella zoster virus infection. Using paired data on parvovirus B19 infection, we show that there is evidence of individual heterogeneity in contact rates. The R0 estimate for varicella zoster infection increases appreciably when this heterogeneity is taken into account.
Underwriter Reputation, Issuer Ownership, and Pre-IPO Earnings Management: Evidence from China

This paper investigates the correlation between pre-initial public offering (pre-IPO) earnings management and underwriter reputation for issuers with different ownership structures in China. We document a significantly inverse relationship between underwriter reputation and pre-IPO earnings management for non-state-owned enterprises (NSOE) issuers only, while no significant association is found for state-owned enterprises (SOE) issuers. We also find that for the NSOE new issue market, underwriter reputation is positively correlated with issuer post-IPO performance indicating that prestigious underwriters can incrementally improve issuer post-IPO performance.