Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rate-based internet accounting system using application-aware traffic measurement APNOMS 2003

As the Internet is quickly evolving from best-effort networks to business quality premium networks, billing based on the precise traffic measurement becomes an important issue for Internet Service Providers (ISPs). Billing settlement is necessary not only between ISPs and customers but also between ISPs. Currently, most ISPs use a flat rate charging policy. Besides the degree of difficulty in deriving appropriate charging policies agreeable by a concerned party, there are substantial technical challenges to come up with a good usage-based accounting system. Usage-based accounting depending on IP packet header information only is no longer sufficient due to highly dynamic nature of the development and the use of the Internet applications such as peer-to-peer, streaming and network games whose traffic takes substantial amount. They are using port numbers dynamically and even several applications can use the same port number. Packet fragmentation and asymmetric routing contribute to this difficulty as well. In this paper, we propose a high performance, adaptable, configurable, and scalable applicationaware passive traffic measurement and analysis system which can achieve very accurate usage-based accounting. This system consists of dedicated traffic capturing card(s) to improve its performance, an agent which generates flow and packet records based on application signatures, and a server which classifies applications precisely with our novel classification algorithm and correlates sub-flows of incoming and outgoing directions if necessary. It then analyzes their traffic usages in a detailed subflow level (e.g., HTTP request/reply, HTTP reply/request, FTP control request/reply, FTP data request/reply, KAZZA down sender/receiver flow etc.) within an application.
Formulation And Evaluation Of Herbal Gel Containing Sesbania Grandiflora (L.) Poir. Leaf Extract

The present research has been undertaken with the aim to formulate and evaluate the herbal gel containing Sesbania grandiflora leaf extract. The gel formulation was designed by using ethyl acetate extract in varied concentrations and was evaluated using physiological measurements. The gel was prepared by using Carbopol 934, Sodium CMC, Sesbania grandiflora extract, Glycerin, Methyl paraben, Propyl paraben and required amount of distilled water. Then skin pH (6.8-7) was maintained by drop wise addition of tri-ethanolamine. The physiochemical parameters of formulations (pH, viscosity, spreadability etc.) were determined. Stability studies were carried out as per ICH guidelines for 3 months at different temperatures and humidity. The results showed that formulation F5 containing 2.5% Sesbania grandiflora extract have better stability than other formulation
The Development of a Mathematics Self-Report Inventory for Turkish Elementary Students

Background:The purpose of the current study is to develop a mathematics self-report inventory (MSRI) to measure Turkish elementary students’ mathematics expectancy beliefs and task values based on the expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation.Materials and methods:In Study-1 (n = 1,315), exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and reliability analysis are used to evaluate the MSRI. EFA results suggest a five-factor model that consists of interest value, extrinsic-utility value, importance value, personal cost, and expectancy beliefs. In Study-2 (n = 1,343), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and convergent, discriminant, and subgroup validity results are also used to examine construct validity for the MSRI.Results:The results indicate that (a) elementary students’ scores on the MSRI did not significantly differ by gender; (b) elementary students’ scores on the MSRI were significantly influenced by grade level; and (c) a significant, positive, and strong relationship existed between students’ scores on the MSRI and students’ achievement scores from the Level Determination Exam.Conclusions:The findings of this study showed that, with a few exceptions, the MSRI is a reliable and valid psychological tool for use with the elementary students in Turkey and may be regarded as beneficial in guiding subsequent study goals by explaining students’ achievement-related beliefs grounded in the expectancy-value theory.
Modeling Growth, Distribution, and the Environment in a Stock-Flow Consistent Framework

Economic policy in the EU faces a trilemma of solving three challenges simultaneously - growth, distribution, and the environment. In order to assess policies that address these issues simultaneously, economic models need to account for both sector-sector and sector-environment feedbacks within a single framework. This paper presents a multi-sectoral stock-flow consistent (SFC) macro model where a demand-driven economy consisting of multiple institutional sectors - firms, energy, households, government, and financial - interacts with the environment. The model is calibrated for the EU region and five policy scenarios are evaluated; low consumption, a capital stock damage function, carbon taxes, higher share of renewable energy, and technological shocks to productivity. Policy outcomes are tracked on overall output, unemployment, income and income distributions, energy, and emission levels. Results show that investment in mitigation technologies allows for absolute decoupling and ensures that the above three issues can be solved simultaneously.
Self-efficacy for therapeutic mode use among occupational therapy students in Norway

Abstract Background: The intentional relationship model (IRM) proposes six distinct ways of relating to clients. A new instrument for measuring self-efficacy for using the therapeutic modes in occupational therapy practice was recently found to have good psychometric properties. To date, however, no research has investigated factors associated with self-efficacy for therapeutic mode use. Aim: This study aimed to explore sociodemographic and education-related factors associated with self-efficacy for therapeutic mode use in a sample of occupational therapy students in Norway. Methods: Occupational therapy students (n = 111) from two education programs completed the Norwegian version of the recently developed “Self-efficacy for therapeutic mode use” (N-SETMU), in addition to reporting sociodemographic and education-related information. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to examine factors independently associated with the students’ N-SETMU scores. Results: Higher N-SETMU scores were associated with better average academic performance among the students. Otherwise, none of the associations were statistically significant. Conclusions: As better academic results were linked with higher self-efficacy for therapeutic mode use, the study indicates that some students perform well academically and have high self-efficacy for practical skills, whereas others perform less well academically and have lower self-efficacy for practical skills. A potential transfer of self-efficacy beliefs from one area of performance (academic) to another (practical skills) seems possible, and this may be investigated in future studies.
A TOOL FOR GROUND DEFORMATION INVERSION USING 3D FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

Over the recent years, geodetic data, such as GPS displacements, DInSAR imagery, levelling and EDM measurements, has highlighted complex deformation pattern in proximity of active seismogenic structures. These patterns cannot be simply explained assuming uniform slip along the fault rupture but they are better modeled using heterogeneous slip distribution. To this aim, we developed an automated procedure for geodetic data inversion to estimate slip distribution along the fault ruptures. Finite Element Models are used to compute synthetic Greens functions for static displacements. FEM-generated synthetic Greens functions are then combined with inverse methods to estimate slip distributions that explain the observed ground deformation.
New methods for the retrieval of chlorophyll red fluorescence from hyperspectral satellite instruments: simulations andapplication to GOME-2 and SCIAMACHY

Abstract. Global satellite measurements of solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) from chlorophyll over land and ocean have proven useful for a number of different applications related to physiology, phenology, and productivity of plants and phytoplankton. Terrestrial chlorophyll fluorescence is emitted throughout the red and far-red spectrum, producing two broad peaks near 683 and 736 nm. From ocean surfaces, phytoplankton fluorescence emissions are entirely from the red region (683 nm peak). Studies using satellite-derived SIF over land have focused almost exclusively on measurements in the far red (wavelengths > 712 nm), since those are the most easily obtained with existing instrumentation. Here, we examine new ways to use existing hyperspectral satellite data sets to retrieve red SIF (wavelengths
Are impatient farmers more risk-averse? Evidence from a lab-in-the-field experiment in rural Uganda

ABSTRACT Based on data from a field-experiment in rural Uganda, we show that impatient farmers are more risk-averse than patient farmers. We relied on a simplified version of the Convex Time Budget (CTB) method to elicit farmers’ time preferences and on an independent method for eliciting their risk-preferences. We report two important findings. First, we show that our simplified CTB method applied to farmers from Uganda replicates the key findings of Andreoni and Sprenger’s lab experiments that involved student subjects. Second, we establish the existence of a negative correlation between risk tolerance and impatience, based on two independent measures.
A study on the genetic diversity of Androctonus crassicauda (Olivier, 1807; Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Turkey

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been widely employed in phylogeographic and phylogenetic studies. In the present study, the genetic identification of the scorpion Androctonus crassicauda (Olivier, 1807) was carried out by using the 16S mitochondrial gene, since this scorpion represents the most important species in Turkey regarding scorpionism and antivenom production. Two genetic groups were found according to the sequence analysis results, while five different loci at the nucleotide level presented genetic variation in the 16S region when compared to a known A. crassicauda sequence data (GenBank, AJ277598). Nucleotide variations found in the current work constitute the first descriptive report for A. crassicauda. Moreover, future studies may enlighten the genetic and venom composition variations for this scorpion species.
Application of Fractional Calculus in Mechatronics

Fractional Calculus (FC) goes back to the beginning of the theory of differential calculus. Nevertheless, the application of FC just emerged in the last two decades. In the field of dynamical systems theory some work has been carried out but the proposed models and algorithms are still in a preliminary stage of establishment. Having these ideas in mind, the paper discusses a FC perspective in the study of the dynamics and control of mechanical systems.
Effect of glycine concentration on the properties of LaCoO 3 perovskite prepared by the glycine-nitrate process

for reducibility of Co n+ . XRD reflections show the presence of impurities in the as-prepared samples while only rhombohedral phase could be identified in the samples after calcination at 700 °C. For all the glycine-to-nitrate ratios tested, the particle size estimated from XRD data ranges from 58-69 nm, which are systematically lower than those determined by BET which ranged from 97-118 nm. TPR profiles of the samples show two major peaks; one due to the reduction of Co 3+ to Co 2+ and the other due to the reduction of Co 2+ to Co 0 . The samples prepared under fuel-deficient and fuel-rich conditions show higher reducibility as compared to that of the sample prepared under stoichiometric conditions.
Psychometric properties of the mexican version of the mindful attention awareness scale (MAAS)

This study presents a translation of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) into Mexican Spanish, and examines its psychometric properties as well as its relationship with socio-demographic variables. The MAAS measures the frequency with which people experience mindful states. A sample of N = 622 healthy adult Mexicans completed the MAAS. A smaller sub-sample (n=195) completed the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), a well-known mindfulness measure, to obtain concurrent validity. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed a one-factor solution, and reliability coefficients were adequate. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed adequate goodness of fit indexes. Moreover, relationships between Mexican Spanish MAAS scores and socio-demographic variables were also explored, and differences between-groups were found in mean scores both in alcohol consumers and religious practitioners. No other significant differences betweengroups were found. Results suggest that the Mexican version of the MAAS is a reliable and valid instrument to use with a healthy adult Mexican sample.
Human Identification Using WIFI Signal

Prior research has shown that it is possible to identify human by examining the changes on the WiFi spectrum using WiFi signals. Wireless devices fill the air with a spectrum of invisible RF (Radio Frequency) Signals. When human start walking through this spectrum the signal propagates differently for each person as everyone’s gait, body-shape, and walking style is unique and does not matches with another person. In this paper, we propose a system that uses Channel State Information (CSI) System to extract unique features of an individual’s unique walking pattern. While other identification systems (e.g. fingerprint, face recognition) has certain shortcomings (e.g. intrusive, expensive, and inconvenient), the proposed system overcomes these problems. This system can uniquely identify human with an average accuracy of 78% to 97.5% by using Random Forest (RF) and 84% to 95% average accuracy by using Boosted Decision Tree (BDT) algorithm. The authors believe this system can be used in small office or smart home settings.
Statistical Significance of Rank Regression

Rank regression, which is quite simple to use some form of monotonic relationship between X and Y. Since the rank regression is a nonparametric approach so there are essentially no confidence interval, hypothesis tests, prediction intervals, and interpretation of regression coefficients. In this article, we proposed a bootstrap statistical significance measure of the rank regression by formulating a bootstrap interval for the rank regression parameters. If the rank regression parameters from the original data are not within the bootstrap interval, the rank regression parameters are considered significance. Numerical examples show that the merit of using this proposed bootstrap interval.
Intra‐Household Allocation of Parental Leave

We introduce childcare sharing in a collective model of household behavior to investigate which factors make spouses increase or decrease their share of parental leave. The concern about future consumption motivates parents to invest in their human capital and to limit their leave duration. Using relative income and the age difference between spouses as distribution factors, we cannot reject Pareto efficiency in childcare sharing. Higher relative incomes and larger age differences shift the conditional leave allocation towards the relatively poorer and younger partner, respectively. Households with higher total income purchase more professional childcare.
Reduction in the content of antinutritional substances in pea seeds (Pisum sativum L.) by different treatments

The goal of the trial was to reduce the content of antinutritional substances in pea ( Pisum sativum L.) seeds in order to enhance its use in livestock nutrition. A variety of field pea ( Pisum sativum L.) with a high content of antinutritional substances and favourable production traits (Gotik) was chosen. Native and heat-treated pea seeds were used to collect representative samples (n = 6) for analytical purposes. The technology (V-0 technol - ogy, Czech patent No. 285745) was further modified by adjusting the reactor temperature, the duration of exposure to that temperature, and the duration of ageing of the material treated in this way (V-I and V-II technologies). The methodology of treatment is based on exposing pea seeds to vapour, organic acids and selected oxides. The moni - tored parameters included antinutritional substances. As far as the antinutritional substances were concerned, the content of trypsin inhibitors in native pea seeds (P) was around 15.4 ± 0.5 TIU. After treatment with technologies V-0, V-I, and V-II its activity dropped by 83.8, 80.5 and 83.8%, respectively. The pre-treatment titre of lectins (P) was 717 ± 376. It dropped by 70.3, 35.7 and 73.2% after treatment with technologies V-0, V-I and V-II, respec - tively. The content of tannins measured by the amount of gallic acid in native pea seeds was 49.1 ± 2.7 mg per kg. It dropped by 41.4, 32.0 and 46.2% after the application of the above-mentioned technologies. The content of indigestible oligosaccharides causing flatulence was less affected by the treatments. The pre-treatment content of raffinose was 9.5 ± 0.5 g/kg. The drop associated with the treatment was 9.5, 6.3 and 10.5%, respectively. The pre- treatment content of stachyose was 21.4 ± 0.8 g/kg and after treatment with technologies V-0 and V-II it dropped by 7.0% and by 16.4%, respectively. The application of technology V-I did not result in a drop in the content of stachyose. The content of verbascose in native pea seeds was 16.1 g/kg and the treatment with technologies V-0; V-I and V-II resulted in a drop by 7.5, 5.6 and 20.5%, respectively. As for the detected phenolic acids, with the exception of caffeic acid, not a drop, but an increase in their content was recorded. Isoflavone oestrogens such as daidzein and genistein also recorded a small increase in their content. The results of the trial lead us to conclude that the above-described methods of pea seed treatment, especially the V-II variant, proved to be useful and can be recommended for practical use.
De-identification Technique for Iot Wireless Sensor Network Privacy Protection

As the IoT ecosystem becoming more and more mature, hardware and software vendors are trying create new value by connecting all kinds of devices together via IoT. IoT devices are usually equipped with sensors to collect data, and the data collected are transmitted over the air via different kinds of wireless connection. To extract the value of the data collected, the data owner may choose to seek for third-party help on data analysis, or even of the data to the public for more insight. In this scenario it is important to protect the released data from privacy leakage. Here we propose that differential privacy, as a de-identification technique, can be a useful approach to add privacy protection to the data released, as well as to prevent the collected from intercepted and decoded during over-the-air transmission. A way to increase the accuracy of the count queries performed on the edge cases in a synthetic database is also presented in this research.
Identifying invertebrate invasions using morphological and molecular analyses: North American Daphnia 'pulex' in New Zealand fresh waters.

We used a DNA barcoding approach to identify specimens of the Daphnia pulex complex occurring in New Zealand lakes, documenting the establishment of non-indigenous North American Daphnia ‘pulex’. Morphological delineation of species in this complex is problematic due to a lack of good morphological traits to distinguish the species, as there is a relatively high degree of morphological stasis within the group through evolutionary time. Accordingly, genetic analyses were used to determine the specific identity and likely geographic origin of this species. Morphologically, individuals most closely resembled Daphnia pulicaria or Daphnia pulex sensu lato, which cannot be separated morphologically. Furthermore, each of these taxa comprises separate species in North America and Europe, despite carrying the same names. We identified individuals using a 658 bp nucleotide portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI) as North American Daphnia ‘pulex’, being distinct from European Daphnia pulex sensu stricto and D. pulicaria from Europe or North America. Cellulose allozyme electrophoresis was used to confirm that individuals were not hybrids with D. pulicaria. North American Daphnia ‘pulex’ in New Zealand were first recorded in New Zealand from South Island lakes that are popular for overseas recreational fishers, indicating a possible source of introduction for this species (e.g. on/in fishing gear). Our study provides an additional example of how genetic techniques can be used for the accurate identification of non-indigenous taxa, particularly when morphological species determination is not possible. The growth of global databases such as GenBank and Barcode of Life Datasystems (BOLD) will further enhance this identification capacity.
Virtual networks: Why do students use Instagram?

Instagram has become the bridge between consumers who share moments from their lives and companies that share their products and services with the users. Instagram stands out from the other social media networks thanks to user-friendly toolkit that provides photo editing, video sharing and Instagram stories. This conceptual model research investigates the impact of Instagram on user's attitude. Data were collected from young Instagram users in order to measure if there is a relationship between specific factors of Instagram and user attitude through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). In this research, will be analyzed the consumer behavior in social media and particularly on Instagram. As a first stage of our research we are going to develop the theoretical study for Instagram users (n=200) at the age of 18-34, investigating the behavior of use Instagram which is determined by social presence. This study presents a theoretical conceptual model based on the theory of social presence, perceived pleasure, perceived usefulness and perceived value on Instagram and the potential connection of those factors to the user attitude.
A UNIVERSAL DE-NOISING ALGORITHM FOR GROUND-BASED LIDAR SIGNAL

Abstract. Ground-based lidar, working as an effective remote sensing tool, plays an irreplaceable role in the study of atmosphere, since it has the ability to provide the atmospheric vertical profile. However, the appearance of noise in a lidar signal is unavoidable, which leads to difficulties and complexities when searching for more information. Every de-noising method has its own characteristic but with a certain limitation, since the lidar signal will vary with the atmosphere changes. In this paper, a universal de-noising algorithm is proposed to enhance the SNR of a ground-based lidar signal, which is based on signal segmentation and reconstruction. The signal segmentation serving as the keystone of the algorithm, segments the lidar signal into three different parts, which are processed by different de-noising method according to their own characteristics. The signal reconstruction is a relatively simple procedure that is to splice the signal sections end to end. Finally, a series of simulation signal tests and real dual field-of-view lidar signal shows the feasibility of the universal de-noising algorithm.