Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Laser Physics Brought Optics to the World of Photonic Crystals

A brief review of authors’ research is presented. An emphasis is made on the photon localization in the helical structure of a chiral liquid crystal (CLC), which was first experimentally registered by the authors. An analysis of the spectral and lasing characteristics of distributed feedback (DF) lasers based on natural CLCs (type 1) and on chiral nematics (type 2) led to a conclusion that the model of photonic crystal is suitable to describe the lasing mechanism in type-2 CLC lasers, but not in type-1 ones. This conclusion is evidenced by the absence of lasing bands at the opposite edges of the selective reflection (SR) band; at the same time, the lasing line is located at its center. It is shown that if the SR band of the CLC overlaps the maximum of the laser dye fluorescence band, the lasing line coincides with the SR band center to an error of ±1 nm. If the layer thickness in the CLC lasers of both types does not exceed 50 μm, when a high-quality planar texture is retained and a low generation threshold is achieved, a significant difference between their optical characteristics takes place. Namely, the SR spectrum for a type-1 CLC laser is approximately described by a Lorentzian profile, whereas the contour of the SR spectrum for a type-2 CLC laser has a profile characteristic of the transmittance through multilayer dielectric mirrors. The origins of the differences between the optical and laser characteristics of the CLC lasers of both types have been analyzed from the viewpoint of two lasing models: DF and photonic-crystal ones.
Reading morphologically complex words: Experimental evidence and learning models

The study of complex word processing has been centered on the notion of morpheme as a processing unit. Evidence from psycholinguistics and cognitive neuropsychology has been taken as suggestive of symbolic morphemic representations at the lexical level, on a par with words. However, several phenomena observed in morphological processing suggest a more complex picture. The crucial role played in reading by the distributional properties of both the complex word and its morphemic constituents (e.g., family size, morphological entropy, orthography-semantics consistency) highlights the limits of the ‘morpheme-asunit’ assumption. Moreover, results from the developmental literature show that morphology is an age-related emergent aspect of written word processing, exploited to overcome reading challenges for both typically developing readers and children with dyslexia. A unitary account for this complex scenario may be offered by learning models that focus on form-to-meaning mapping.
Hybrid genes in the analysis of transformation conditions: II. Transient expression vs stable transformation - analysis of parameters influencing gene expression levels and transformation efficiency.

Reports on direct gene transfer have dealt with either the obtention of stable transformants and transgenic plants, or described the use of reporter genes to analyse different aspects of gene expression in plant protoplasts and conditions for their use in transient gene expression assays. In this paper we present comparisons between several transformation techniques, show species-specific differences in efficiencies of stable transformants and in the levels of transient gene expression, and report on the identification of major parameters responsible for DNA uptake as judged from transient chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) expression levels and from efficiencies of transformation based on kanamycin-resistance. The described procedures have been simplified, optimized and standardized and should allow routine use with a great variety of plant species.
Using Lego Mindstorms Robotics Programming in Enhancing Computational Thinking among Middle School in Saudi Arabia

---The study employed will employ LEGO Mindstorms Ev3 robotics in the learning environment of the computer curriculum of the 3rd level of Saudi Arabia middle schools to examine whether this kind of learning environment enhances computational thinking skills and learning programming concepts and attitude toward learning. The study will conduct in Riyadh of 60 student participants will be selected through purposive sampling techniques to participate in a quasi-experimental study. Before the implementation of the experimental study, a preliminary study will be conducted through a descriptive survey among students who are randomly selected of middle schools in Saudi Arabia to respond to computational thinking tests and attitude questionnaires to determine their level of CT and their attitude toward learning programming. After that, the researcher will do the experimental study with both groups. The T-test will be conducted to compare both groups' scores for CT, and test for programming skills form their books and questionnaires for students’ attitude toward learning to program with LEGO Mindstorms Ev3. However, the results of the pre-test and post-test will help to reveal the differences between both groups in this study. Furthermore, the result will help to build a framework for implementing CT with LEGO Mindstorms robotics in learning programming in the computer curriculum of Saudi Arabia middle schools.
Emergence and early development of lexicon and morphology

This chapter examines the emergence and development of lexicon and morphology in children’s first three years of life. It provides a novel perspective on this dynamic and intense period of language learning by integrating different viewpoints on children’s cognitive development with insights from empirical studies and theoretical properties of learning systems. The chapter is organized around seven focal points, which discuss the following: the limitations of linguistic terminology in the study of child language development; the relation between word learning and concept learning; typological influences on morpho-lexical development; the role of context; the co-development of lexicon and grammar; the importance of word class; and finally, the central role of development. Throughout the chapter, discussion of the focal points is supported by existing and novel empirical evidence from Hebrew and other languages.
Breakdown of frustrated absorption in x-ray sequential multiphoton ionization

The authors demonstrate that the paradigm of frustrated absorption in x-ray pulses generated by x-ray free-electron lasers (XFEL) can break down at extremely high intensity. The results are of relevance for the design and the interpretation of XFEL experiments, especially when terawatt-attosecond XFEL pulses are practical.
Selectivity and feeding behavior of Saanen goats subjected to three nutritional levels

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to investigate the effect of selective feeding habits on the quality of the ingested diet and the effect of feed restriction on the selectivity and behavior of goats in feedlots. Differences were found only in the amount of feed given to the animals, with a difference in the amount of feed rejected as a function of the nutritional level. Higher levels of orts were measured for those animals that received the ad libitum diet. For [. ]
The impact of collective use rights on share contracts: the case of the Extractive Artisanal Regime (RAE) in Chilean hake fisheries

Abstract Share contracts are the dominant remuneration system in artisanal fisheries. Introducing regulations based on collective use rights may affect the way profits are distributed. The literature on the effect of regulatory reform on factor income distribution, however, is scarce. In this paper, we look at differences in the implementation of the Extractive Artisanal Regime in Chilean hake artisanal fisheries to test its effect on share contracts. We estimated a switching regression model using census data to calculate the average treatment effect. Our results show that crewmembers in communities regulated by some form of collective use rights receive, on average, 6 per cent more of total net incomes compared to those regulated by a limited access with global quota regime. Differences in the relation between crew size and labor rewards, as well as in the negotiating power of crewmembers under different regimes, may explain the results.
Spatial socioeconomic data as a cost in systematic marine conservation planning

A common objective in identifying conservation areas is to minimize conservation costs while achieving a set of conservation targets. Recent literature highlights the importance of incorporating socioeconomic costs into conservation planning. Here, we review how costs have been used in systematic marine conservation planning. Four approaches emerged from the literature: (1) uniform cost or area as a proxy for human use, (2) opportunity costs, (3) multiple socioeconomic costs, and (4) measures of naturalness or ecological impact of human activities. Most marine systematic conservation planning projects that used a spatially explicit socioeconomic cost focused on fisheries as the opportunity cost. No study has incorporated transaction or management costs into the design of marine protected areas using systematic conservation planning software. Combining multiple costs into one cost is one of the primary challenges of incorporating socioeconomic costs into conservation planning decision support tools. Combining many costs is feasible when each cost is measured in the same unit (e.g., dollars), but this information is rarely available in marine planning. Where the objective of the planning exercise is to minimize impacts on multiple stakeholder groups, the use of separate scenarios or multi‐zone software may be a viable option.
VIA character strengths among U.S. college students and their associations with happiness, well-being, resiliency, academic success and psychopathology

ABSTRACT This study was not supported or funded by any grants. No financial interest or benefit has arisen from the direct application of this research. All data for this study are stored at the University of Colorado at Boulder via hardcopies, SAS and Excel spreadsheets. Character strengths are central to Positive Psychology. Peterson and Seligman developed a classification of strengths identifying 24 character strengths assumed to be important to well-being. Yet, few studies have comprehensively investigated the implications of possessing the character strengths. In this study 759 college students completed the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths scale (VIA-IS) to test the relationship between character strengths and various measures of well-being. The well-being measures included: satisfaction with life, happiness, resiliency, positive and negative affect, physical health, GPA, SAT/ACT scores, physical health, depression, anxiety, eating problems, alcohol consumption, drug use, and risky behaviors. Character strengths were most strongly related to positive measures of well-being (e.g., zest/enthusiasm); the next highest relationship was with the four measures of academic achievement, but there was only moderate relationships to psychopathology and very low association to physical health. Implications of the major findings and recommendations for future research were discussed.
Snf1/AMPK promotes S-phase entrance by controlling CLB5 transcription in budding yeast

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Snf1 protein kinase has been reported to be required for adaptation to glucose limitation and for growth on non-fermentable carbon sources. Here we present novel findings indicating that Snf1, the key regulator of cellular energy, is also involved in yeast cell cycle control. The lack of Snf1 α-catalytic subunit down-regulates the growth rate and CLB5 expression, delaying Sld2 phosphorylation and G1/S transition, in cells grown in 2%, but not in 5% glucose. A non-phosphorylatable Snf1 rescues the slow growth phenotype, whereas a wild type or a phosphomimetic mutant is required to rescue growth rate and the G1/S delay. Using either Snf1 or Swi6 as a bait, a specific interaction of Snf1 with Swi6, the regulatory subunit of MBF, was detected. In conclusion, this report describes a previously unrecognized role for Snf1 in transcriptional modulation of the G1 to S transition, differing from the reported AMPK role in controlling the G1/S transition in multicellular eukaryotes.
Aberrant Expression of the NF-κB and IκB Proteins in B Cells from Viable Motheaten Mice

In viable motheaten mice, a mutation in the gene encoding the phosphatase, SHP1, causes severe immunodeficiency and autoimmunity. A defective phosphatase may result in modified phosphorylation of proteins involved in gene regulation. Since the NFκB/IκB proteins are regulated through phosphorylation, we wished to understand if the expression of these proteins was altered by the SHP1 defect. Splenic B cells from viable motheaten mice were isolated and assessed for purity by flow cytometry. Levels of each protein in isolated B cells were examined by Western blot analyses. Measurement of RNA levels for each protein was assessed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Western blots revealed that, in mev whole cell lysates, there were reduced levels of Re1A and Re1B proteins and increased levels of p50 and c-Re1. Furthermore, we analyzed the protein levels of IκBU and found that, in mev, this inhibitor was significantly reduced, while the level of another member of the IκB family, IκBβ, was not. To determine if these find.
Stable isotope analysis and satellite tracking reveal interspecific resource partitioning of nonbreeding albatrosses off Alaska

Albatrosses (Diomedeidae) are the most threatened family of birds globally. The three North Pacific species (Phoebastria Reichenbach, 1853) are listed as either endangered or vulnerable, with the population of Short-tailed Albatross (Phoebastria albatrus (Pallas, 1769)) less than 1% of its historical size. All North Pacific albatross species do not currently breed sympatrically, yet they do co-occur at-sea during the nonbreeding season. We incorporated stable isotope analysis with the first simultaneous satellite-tracking study of all three North Pacific albatross species while sympatric on summer (nonbreeding season) foraging grounds off Alaska. Carbon isotope ratios and tracking data identify differences in primary foraging domains of continental shelf and slope waters for Short-tailed Albatrosses and Black-footed Albatrosses (Phoebastria nigripes (Audubon, 1839)) versus oceanic waters for Laysan Albatrosses (Phoebastria immutabilis (Rothschild, 1893)). Short-tailed and Black-footed albatrosses also fed.
ESTIMATION OF CROP COEFFICIENT FOR ONION PLANT UNDER DELTA NILE CONDITIONS

Egypt is a semi-arid region and consequently agriculture in Egypt depends on specific sources of water; the extremely important of which is the River Nile. So, the rationalization of water of irrigation is essential and the evaluation of water requirements is necessary for each crop. Water consumption can be calculated from the different methods. The volumetric lysimeter is one of the direct methods to estimate the water requirements. The estimation of water requirements is dependent on calculating the crop coefficient (ETc = ETo × Kc), where the crop coefficient (Kc) was registered as the proportion of potential and crop ET and the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was determined according to the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) by Penman-Monteith strategy. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to estimate crop coefficient (Kc) for different growth stages of onion (Allium cepa L.). The study was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Institute of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Arid Lands, Ain Shams University at Shubra El Kheima, Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt. The experiment was conducted in 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons under conditions of volumetric lysimeter (dimensions 1 × 1 × 1m) and filled with three types of soil (clay, sandy clay and sand) with three levels of water requirement (75,100, and 125% of ETc) for the crop. Onion cv. Giza 61 was used. The results indicated that the increases of irrigation water levels (100 and 125% ETc) were the best treatments for some growth parameters such as plant length, bulb diameter, content of Cu in onion bulb, total and marketable yields in clay soil, but the application of 75% ETc was the best treatment for dry matter of bulb, T.S. S and bulbing ratio in sandy clay soil. The averages of crop coefficient values were 0.47, 0.5, 1.24 and 0.99 during establishment, development, mid-season and end-season growth stages, respectively. Water use efficiency (WUE) for onion was determined for all treatments and the effects showed that the application of 100% ETc gave the highest values.
Biological Control of Rhizoctonia Stem Rot of Poinsettia in Polyfoam Rooting Cubes with Pseudomonas cepacia and Paecilomyces lilacinus

Abstract A strain of Pseudomonas cepacia (ex Burkholder) Pallerni and Holmes, strain 5.5B, and an isolate of Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) Samson, isolate 6.2F, were evaluated for biocontrol of Rhizoctonia stem rot of poinsettia in polyfoam rooting cubes after preliminary screenings of collected bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes. In repeated experiments conducted over 2-week periods, no disease developed on cuttings in cubes treated with P. cepacia as opposed to the nontreated, pathogen-infested controls (73 to 100% infection). Control with P. lilacinus was less effective but remained significant compared to the pathogen-infested controls. During 3-week trials, some infection (18%) occurred on cuttings in cubes treated with P. cepacia but the level of infection was significantly less than that in the pathogen-infested controls (100% infection). The P. lilacinus isolate provided similar levels of stem rot control over 2- and 3-week periods. Root development on poinsettia cuttings typically was not affected by P. cepacia but, in some experiments, was less on cuttings in cubes treated with P. lilacinus. These experiments demonstrate the significant potential of these antagonists as biocontrol agents for Rhizoctonia stem rot of poinsettia. P. lilacinus has not been previously reported as an antagonist of R. solani.
Who Owns Religion? Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Cultural Appropriation in Postglobal Buddhism

While historically sharing the characteristics of a universalistic religion and a modernist grand narrative, global Buddhism is mainly the product of a late modern development. Centripetal forces with circulating ideas, practices, and institutions have been part of a liberal market in an open exchange society with “open hermeneutics” and an accessible universal grammar. Its global focus has triggered de-ethnification, de-culturalization, and de-territorialization, claiming transnational universality as a central paradigm fit for a global world beyond isolationalist particularism. However, such seemingly universalist versions of a global Buddhism in recent years, mainly in North America, have been criticized for actually being representations of particular cultures (e.g., “white Buddhism”) with benefits for only particular segments. This article investigates the discourses of this new turn, involving questions of authority, authenticity, identity, cultural appropriation, and representation. It is suggested that criticism of global Buddhism should be seen as typical of what could be called “postglobal Buddhism,” in which identity politics is a frame of reference serving as a centrifugal force, signaling a new phase in “Western Buddhism. ” The relevance for the study of religion is further discussed with reflections on how to respond to post-global religious identity politics without being consumed by either stark objectivism or subjectivist go-nativism.
Experimental Ethnography: Performativity, Movement, Mediation

The article discusses the ways the method of videowalk is learned in the context of the seminar “Anthropology of the Senses” with a special emphasis on sound studies and how it is theoretically introduced as a performative, intersensorial and embodied ethnographic practice. It explores the potentialities offered by the recent convergences between anthropology and contemporary artistic (audiovisual) production inspired by the “ethnographic turn” in experimental representations of the urban public space. Videowalk is used as a method inviting students to produce cultural knowledge by questioning conventional logocentric (reading and writing) pedagogies and to experiment with reflexive, improvisational, emplaced and affective mediations of urban life and its changing everydayness. It is a method concerned with the intersections of theoretical knowledge with knowing-in-action , a method privileging the synaesthetic authoring of the public space, its meshworked trajectories and stories.
The family Anchistioididae Borradaile, 1915 (Decapoda: Caridea) is a synonym of Palaemonidae Rafinesque, 1815 based on molecular and morphological evidence

Several systematic revisions of the superfamily Palaemonoidea Rafinesque, 1815 (Natantia) have been published, with molecular studies complementing morphological examination. Yet, the true systematic positions of two families within the superfamily have remained uncertain, one of these being Anchistioididae Borradaile, 1915, the second being Desmocarididae Borradaile, 1915. We constructed a further phylogeny of Palaemonoidea based on two mitochondrial and five nuclear markers to resolve this issue. AnchistioidesPaulson, 1875 (the sole genus of Anchistioididae) is recovered nested within Palaemonidae Rafinesque, 1815, calling into question the validity of Anchistioididae as a distinct family. We also review the morphological characters that have been used to support family level status of Anchistioides including mouthparts adaptations, telson ornamentation, larval morphology, the presence of an appendix interna on the first pleopod in both sexes, and the mandible with a distally flared molar process. Although the latter two characters appear to be synapomorphic to the genus, we contend that these are ambiguous and not well founded to support the family-level status of the genus. As a consequence, and supported by the phylogenetic results, Anchistioididae is herein considered to be a synonym of Palaemonidae.
Customers perception on logistics service quality using Kansei engineering: empirical evidence from indonesian logistics providers

Abstract This article designed a service model in logistics services for document and package delivery through the exploration of service element relationships and customer perceived (i.e. Kansei). Kansei engineering is used in this article to design 24 questionnaire instruments and 41 services attribute questionnaire instruments. The questionnaire was distributed by purposive sampling with a total of 100 respondents in logistics services: package delivery services, package tracking services, and package delivery services. In this study, Partial Least Square for Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) is used to analyze the relationship between Kansei and the logistics service elements. The results indicate that Kansei’s words affect significantly on the three logistics services. The results of this study indicate that the variables obtained from Kansei words have a significant effect on 16 elements of logistics services. The innovative Kansei word has the most influence in the delivery service, the reliable Kansei word has the most influence in the tracking service, the reliable and adjustable Kansei word has the most impact in the delivery service. This study also produces the best service attributes at each service stage to improve the quality of logistics services. This finding has important implications for logistics managers in designing services that take into account elements of customer-based voice services.