Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tourism development in the Dominican Republic: An examination of the economic impact to coastal households

Coastal tourism projects are promoted in the Dominican Republic as national-level economic development initiatives that will create jobs for local residents, subsequently benefiting the households in these communities. However, the economic benefits of tourism can be severely weakened as a result of the neoliberal economic policies that guide such projects. Like other economically developing countries—particularly small island nations—the Dominican Republic embraced neoliberal policies that have ultimately reshaped the country’s economic, political, cultural, and physical landscape. As a result, transnational companies, foreign investors, and large-scale enclave tourism projects are the dominant form of tourism development in the Dominican Republic. Though companies’ revenue and profit data are not available for analysis of economic leakage, households can be investigated to understand the level of economic benefits obtained by residents of the local communities. Toward this end, 360 household surveys were collected to examine household income and material assets across 12 coastal communities in three regions of the Dominican Republic. Because of the noted differences in previous development literature, gender of the head of households and whether the household was dependent on income from tourism employment were compared across these measures after adjusting for regional differences. Results indicate that the gender of the head of the household and tourism dependency positively predicted household income, while only gender of the head of the household predicted material assets.
Association of MMP 3 genotype with susceptibility to frozen shoulder : a case-control study in a Chinese Han population

Genetic factors may play an important role in frozen shoulder etiology, which may involve matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3) gene polymorphisms. In this study, we examined single nucleotide polymorphisms in MMP3 for their association with frozen shoulder susceptibility in a Chinese Han population. The rs591058, rs650108, and rs679620 polymorphisms in the MMP3 gene were genotyped in 112 subjects diagnosed as having frozen shoulder and in 143 healthy controls. rs650108 was found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of frozen shoulder. For other single nucleotide polymorphisms, no statistically significant associations with frozen shoulder were found. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that the MMP3 rs650108 variant was significantly associated with increased frozen shoulder susceptibility in a Chinese Han population.
String Resonances at Hadron Colliders

We consider extensions of the standard model based on open strings ending on D-branes, with gauge bosons due to strings attached to stacks of D-branes and chiral matter due to strings stretching between intersecting D-branes. Assuming that the fundamental string mass scale Ms is in the TeV range and that the theory is weakly coupled, we discuss possible signals of string physics at the upcoming HL-LHC run (integrated luminosity ¼ 3000 fb −1 ) with a center-of-mass energy of ffiffiffi s p ¼ 14 TeV and at potential future pp colliders, HE-LHC and VLHC, operating at ffiffiffi s p ¼ 33 and 100 TeV, respectively (with the same integrated luminosity). In such D-brane constructions, the dominant contributions to full-fledged string amplitudes for all the common QCD parton subprocesses leading to dijets and γ þ jet are completely independent of the details of compactification and can be evaluated in a parameter-free manner. We make use of these amplitudes evaluated near the first ðn ¼ 1Þ and second ðn ¼ 2Þ resonant poles to determine the discovery potential for Regge excitations of the quark, the gluon, and the color singlet living on the QCD stack. We show that for string scales as large as 7.1 TeV (6.1 TeV) lowest massive Regge excitations are open to discovery at the ≥ 5σ in dijet (γ þ jet) HL-LHC data. We also show that for n ¼ 1 the dijet discovery potential at HE-LHC and VLHC exceedingly improves: up to 15 TeVand 41 TeV, respectively. To compute the signal-to-noise ratio for n ¼ 2 resonances, we first carry out a complete calculation of all relevant decay widths of the second massive level string states (including decays into massless particles and a massive n ¼ 1 and a massless particle), where we rely on factorization and conformal field theory techniques. Helicity wave functions of arbitrary higher spin massive bosons are also constructed. We demonstrate that for string scales Ms ≲ 10.5 TeV (Ms ≲ 28 TeV) detection of n ¼ 2 Regge recurrences at HE-LHC (VLHC) would become the smoking gun for D-brane string compactifications. Our calculations have been performed using a semianalytic parton model approach which is cross checked against an original software package. The string event generator interfaces with HERWIG and Pythia through BlackMax. The source code is publicly available in the hepforge repository.
Spatial–Temporal Dynamics of Early Feeding Demand and Food Supply for Sockeye Salmon Fry in Lake Washington

Abstract We compared temporal consumption rates by sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka fry with food supply to evaluate how different survival and dispersal rates or additional hatchery production affected the winter carrying capacity of Lake Washington, Washington. Peak immigration of sockeye salmon fry into southern Lake Washington precedes the spring zooplankton bloom by 2–3 months. Zooplankton density, fish diet, and growth were sampled during winter and spring 2001, when a record 52.4 million fry entered the lake. Supplementary information on the distribution and dispersal of fry was collected in 2002 and 2003. We used bioenergetics modeling to estimate the temporal–spatial consumption by fry during early lake rearing. Cyclops bicuspidatus were dominant in the diet and zooplankton assemblage but declined from more than 30/L in late February and early March to fewer than 5/L during mid-March and early April. Fry ate significantly larger Cyclops than the average size in the lake; approximately 83% of the.
Body size dependence of euphausiid spatial patchiness

We analyzed size‐dependent variations in spatial patchiness of the eight numerically dominant euphausiid species in the California Current System (Euphausia pacifica, Nematoscelis difficilis, Nyctiphanes simplex, Thysanoessa gregaria, Euphausia recurva, Euphausia gibboides, Thysanoessa spinifera, and Euphausia eximia). Patchiness was measured by using a count‐based statistic using euphausiid densities and applied to 11 yr of detailed size‐specific enumerations from the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations program. We rejected the hypothesis of size‐independent patchiness for seven of the eight species. The most common pattern observed was a “U‐shaped” curve, showing elevated patchiness in the smallest size classes, a rapid decrease in patchiness of intermediate‐sized euphausiids, and a later increase in patchiness of adults following the onset of reproductive maturity. These size‐dependent changes parallel ontogenetic changes in spatial dispersion observed for some marine fishes. The initial descending limb of the patchiness curve appears to be caused by turbulent diffusion, while the later ascending limb of the curve is consistent with the onset of predator‐induced aggregation behavior. The patterns were surprisingly consistent across years and different reproductive characteristics (egg‐brooding vs. broadcast spawning euphausiids).
Validity of the Diabetes , Hypertension and Hyperlipidaemia ( DHL ) Knowledge Instrument among Medical Students of Karachi

Background: While there have been a number of studies on DM, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia, an instrument which assesses knowledge based on all three conditions has neither been established nor authorized in Pakistan. Hence, the focus of this study was to establish a pretested extensive questionnaire to evaluate medical students’ understanding of DM, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and their medications for use. Methods: A pre-validated and pre-tested DHL instrument was employed on 250 students of Dow Medical and Sindh Medical College and on 45 physicians working in a leading teaching hospital of Karachi. The DHL knowledge instrument was then distributed a second time to the very same set of students, after a period of 2 months, at the end of the foundation module, once they had received some basic formal medical education including diabetes and CVS diseases. Results: The overall internal consistency for the DHL instrument failed to comply with the set standard of more than or equal to 0.7 as our results yielded Cronbach’s α of 0.6. Overall the average difficulty factor of 28 questions is 0.41, which highlighted that the instrument was moderately tough. The mean scores for all domains were substantially lower in the students section in comparison to that of the professional section, which had remarkable impact on the overall mean(SD) knowledge score (40.58 ± 14.63 vs. 63.49 ± 06.67 ; p value = 0.00). Conclusion: The instrument can be used to recognize people who require educational programs and keep an account of the changes with the passage of time as it could help in differentiating the knowledge levels among its participants based on their educational status.
The Dynamics of Algeria’s Natural Gas Exports to Europe: Evidence from ARDL Bounds Testing Approach with Breakpoints

The purpose of the study is to examine the dynamics of Algeria’s natural gas exports through the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach with break points. The analysis was carried out for the period from 1967 to 2015. Based on imperfect substitution specification, the ARDL approach reveals a long-run equilibrium relationship between Algeria’s Natural gas exports and their determinant factors (Algeria’s gas reserves, Domestic gas consumption, Europe’s GDP per capita, relative prices, the European gas production and the market share of competitors). All the long-run elasticities estimated are statistically significant with a large impact of domestic factors, which constitute the supply constraints. In short term, the elasticities are statistically significant, and almost comparable to those of the long term. Furthermore, the speed of adjustment towards long-run equilibrium is less than one year because of the little flexibility of the long term export contracts. Two break points have been estimated when we employ the domestic gas consumption as a break variable; 1984 and 2010, which reflect the arbitration policy between the domestic gas market and gas exports. Keywords—Natural gas exports, elasticity, ARDL bounds testing, break points, Algeria.
Forcing, feedbacks and climate sensitivity in CMIP5 coupled atmosphere‐ocean climate models

We quantify forcing and feedbacks across available CMIP5 coupled atmosphere‐ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) by analysing simulations forced by an abrupt quadrupling of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. This is the first application of the linear forcing‐feedback regression analysis of Gregory et al. (2004) to an ensemble of AOGCMs. The range of equilibrium climate sensitivity is 2.1–4.7 K. Differences in cloud feedbacks continue to be important contributors to this range. Some models show small deviations from a linear dependence of top‐of‐atmosphere radiative fluxes on global surface temperature change. We show that this phenomenon largely arises from shortwave cloud radiative effects over the ocean and is consistent with independent estimates of forcing using fixed sea‐surface temperature methods. We suggest that future research should focus more on understanding transient climate change, including any time‐scale dependence of the forcing and/or feedback, rather than on the equilibrium response to large instantaneous forcing.
A Model of Sequential City Growth

Strong evidence indicates that in most countries cities tend to develop sequentially, with the initially largest cities growing first. This paper presents a model of city growth that rationalizes this pattern. Increasing returns to scale constitute the force that favors agglomeration of resources in a city, and convex costs associated with the stock of installed capital represent the congestion force that limits city size. The key to generating sequential city growth is the assumption of irreversible investment in physical capital. As expected, the presence of a positive external effect of aggregate city capital on individual firms makes the competitive equilibrium inefficient.
A Recombinant Human Interferon-α B/D Hybrid with a Broad Host-range

Summary A recombinant interferon (IFN) hybrid has been found to have a broad host-range of activity in an antiviral assay (plaque reduction of vesicular stomatitis virus) and also high efficacy as an antiviral agent in at least 12 different animal cell species. The IFN hybrid consists of amino acids 1 to 60 from HuIFN-αB and amino acids 61 to 166 from HuIFN-αD. The profile of cross-species activity of the IFN-αB/D hybrid has been compared with that of HuIFN-αF, and of the parents HuIFN-αB and -αD. When both IFN-αB and -αD were active in a cell species, the hybrid IFN had comparable or better activity than the more active parental IFN. The hybrid shared a broad cross-species activity with IFN-αD. However, the IFN-αB/D hybrid was 10-fold more active on human cells, 30-fold more active on rabbit cells, and 50-fold more active on mouse cells than IFN-αD.
Prediction of Churning Behavior of Customers in Telecom Sector Using Supervised Learning Techniques

Data mining is vast area that co-relates different branches i.e Statistics, Data Base, Machine learning and Artificial intelligence. Numbers of applications are available in different sectors. Customer churn is the behavior when customer no longer wants to keep his relationship with the company. Customer churn management is playing important role in customer management. Nowadays telecommunication companies are focusing on identifying high value and potential churning customers to increase profit and market share. It is understood that making new customer is more expensive rather than retaining existing customer. There is an existing problem that customers leave the company due to unknown reasons. In our research we predict churn behavior of customer by using various data mining techniques. It will eventually help in analyzing customer's behavior and classify whether it is a churning customer or not. In this research, we used online data set available at Kaggle for prediction of Customer churn behavior using different classifiers i.e SVM (Support Vector Machine), Bagging, Stacking, C50/J48, PART, Naïve Bayes, Baysen Net, Adaboost and observe that our model gave 99.8% accuracy level using Bagging Algorithms.
Work-in-Progress: Multiple Alignment of Packet Sequences for Efficient Communication in a Many-Core Neuromorphic System

In this era, the requirement of high-performance computing at low power cost can be met by the parallel execution of an application on a large number of programmable cores. Emerging many-core architectures provide dense interconnection fabrics leading to new communication requirements. In particular, the effective exploitation of synchronous and asynchronous channels for fast communication from/to internal cores and external devices is a key issue for these architectures. In this paper, we propose a methodology for clustering sequential commands used for configuring the parallel execution of tasks on a globally asynchronous locally synchronous multi-chip many-core neuromorphic platform. With the purpose of reducing communication costs and maximise the exploitation of the available communication bandwidth, we adapted the Multiple Sequence Alignment (MSA) algorithm for clustering the unicast streams of packets used for the configuration of each core so as to generate a coherent multicast stream that configures all cores at once. In preliminary experiments, we demonstrate how the proposed method can lead up to a 97% reduction in packet transmission thus positively affecting the overall communication cost.
A culture-based calibration of benthic foraminiferal paleotemperature proxies: δ 18 O and Mg/Ca results

Benthic foraminifera were cultured for five months at four temperatures (4, 7, 14 and 21 C) to es- tablish the temperature dependence of foraminiferal calcite 18 O and Mg/Ca. Two Bulimina species (B. aculeata and B. marginata) were most successful in terms of calcification, adding chambers at all four temperatures and reproducing at 7 and 14 C. Foraminiferal 18 O values displayed onto- genetic variations, with lower values in younger individuals. The 18 O values of adult specimens decreased with increas- ing temperature in all but the 4 C treatment, exhibiting a relationship consistent with previous 18 O paleotemperature calibration studies. Foraminiferal Mg/Ca values, determined by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrom- etry, were broadly consistent with previous Mg/Ca calibra- tion studies, but extremely high values in the 4 C treatment and higher than predicted values at two of the other three temperatures make it challenging to interpret these results.
Energy-Optimal Hopping in Parallel and Series Elastic 1D Monopeds

In this paper, we examine the question of whether parallel elastic actuation or series elastic actuation is better suited for hopping robots. To this end, we compare and contrast the two actuation concepts in energy optimal hopping motions. To enable a fair comparison, we employ optimal control to identify motion trajectories, actuator inputs, and system parameters that are optimally suited for each actuator concept. In other words, we compare the best possible hopper with parallel elastic actuation to the best possible hopper with series elastic actuation. The optimizations are conducted for three different cost functions: positive mechanical motor work, thermal electrical losses, and positive electrical work. Furthermore, we look at three representative cases for converting rotary motor motion to linear leg motion in a legged robot. Our model featured an electric DC-motor model, a gearbox with friction, damping in the leg spring, and contact collisions. We find that the optimal actuator choice depends both on the cost function and on the conversion of motor motion to leg motion. When considering only thermal electrical losses, parallel elastic actuation always performs better. In terms of positive mechanical motor work and positive electrical work, series elastic actuation is better when there is little friction in the gear-train. For higher gear-train friction parallel elastic actuation is more economical for these cost functions as well.
Estimating field-scale root zone soil moisture using the cosmic-ray neutron probe

Abstract. Many practical hydrological, meteorological, and agricultural management problems require estimates of soil moisture with an areal footprint equivalent to field scale, integrated over the entire root zone. The cosmic-ray neutron probe is a promising instrument to provide field-scale areal coverage, but these observations are shallow and require depth-scaling in order to be considered representative of the entire root zone. A study to identify appropriate depth-scaling techniques was conducted at a grazing pasture site in central Saskatchewan, Canada over a 2-year period. Area-averaged soil moisture was assessed using a cosmic-ray neutron probe. Root zone soil moisture was measured at 21 locations within the 500 m × 500 m study area, using a down-hole neutron probe. The cosmic-ray neutron probe was found to provide accurate estimates of field-scale surface soil moisture, but measurements represented less than 40 % of the seasonal change in root zone storage due to its shallow measurement depth. The root zone estimation methods evaluated were: (a) the coupling of the cosmic-ray neutron probe with a time-stable neutron probe monitoring location, (b) coupling the cosmic-ray neutron probe with a representative landscape unit monitoring approach, and (c) convolution of the cosmic-ray neutron probe measurements with the exponential filter. The time stability method provided the best estimate of root zone soil moisture (RMSE = 0.005 cm3 cm−3), followed by the exponential filter (RMSE = 0.014 cm3 cm−3). The landscape unit approach, which required no calibration, had a negative bias but estimated the cumulative change in storage reasonably. The feasibility of applying these methods to field sites without existing instrumentation is discussed. Based upon its observed performance and its minimal data requirements, it is concluded that the exponential filter method has the most potential for estimating root zone soil moisture from cosmic-ray neutron probe data.
Computational Tools for the Simulation of Atmospheric Pollution Transport During a Severe Wind Event in Argentina

This chapter details the theoretical aspects of numerical methods for the simulation of atmospheric phenomena, such as severe thunderstorms and turbulent transport of the dangerous gases and solid particles into the atmospheric boundary layer. Numerical methods are included in computational algorithms to solve large turbulent scales using large eddy simulation (LES) techniques to obtain acceptable results of turbulent flows. However, microphysics processes involving evaporation, condensation and precipita‐ tion water using LES techniques are parameterized. These atmospheric processes are simulated using the advanced regional prediction systems (ARPS) code. On the contrary, atmospheric transport of pollutants is simulated using ARPS code coupled with a Lagrangian stochastic one-particle method. The theoretical details of this coupling are presented. Later, we show some laboratory experiments of plume dispersion emitted from gaseous sources, and the results of the computational simulation tool are compared after obtaining good agreement of the gas concentra‐ tions on the stream-wise vertical plane and over the ground. Finally, we present a simulation of a pollution event of copper solid particles at San Miguel de Tucumán city, Argentina. The geographical distributions of copper particle concentrations are in good agreement with the measurements carried out experimentally. , air , of rainwater snow qs and hail qh states