Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Computer-Support for Collaborative Business Model Design and Exploration

Finding a viable and sustainable business model is a major challenge not only for startup companies. Established companies are re-thinking their existing business models and explore new business opportunities. The Business Model Canvas is currently one of the most popular frameworks for business model innovation. While computer-aided design (CAD) tools are well-established in mechanical engineering, business model design is still mostly done using pen-and-paper methods. In this paper, we (1) discuss benefits and shortcomings of the Business Model Canvas approach, (2) show how it can borrow techniques from General Morphological Analysis to overcome shortcomings, and (3) derive three key requirements for future collaborative CAD tools for business model design. Our analysis contributes to an understanding of how software support can improve collaborative design and evaluation of business models.
Present Bounds on New Neutral Vector Resonances from Electroweak Gauge Boson Pair Production at the LHC

Several extensions of the Standard Model predict the existence of new neutral spin-1 resonances associated to the electroweak symmetry breaking sector. Using the data from ATLAS (with integrated luminosity of L=1.02 fb^{-1}) and CMS (with integrated luminosity of L=1.55 fb^{-1}) on the production of W+W- pairs through the process pp -> l^+ l^{\prime -} \sla{E}_T, we place model independent bounds on these new vector resonances masses, couplings and widths. Our analyses show that the present data excludes new neutral vector resonances with masses up to 1-2.3 TeV depending on their couplings and widths. We also demonstrate how to extend our analysis framework to different models working a specific example.
Hypolipidemic Effect of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) in Rats Fed on High Cholesterol Diet

Purslane is a vegetarian source of n-3 PUFA (α-linolenic acid). The objective of the present work was to explore purslane as n-3 source to mitigate hyperlipidemia in rat model. Group of rats (n=48) were fed on high cholesterol diet to induce hyperlipidemia. Group 1,2,3,4 and 5 (n=6/group) were fed on aqueous extract of purslane (AEP) and lovastanin diet while group 6 and 7 were treated as hyperlipidemic and normal control. The results revealed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in serum TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C, TAG, increase in serum HDL-C level observed in AEP fed rats as compared to cholesterol induced hyperlipidemic control group. Groups treated with AEP and lovastatin also demonstrated considerable decrease in LDL-C: HDL-C ratios, levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP activities and body weight in comparison to control group. Therefore, administration of AEP concluded that 150 mg/kg body weight AEP is a potent cardio-protective agent having preventive and curative effect against hyperlipidemia.
A probabilistic framework for multidisciplinary design: Application to the hydrostructural optimization of supercavitating hydrofoils

The analysis and optimization of complex multiphysics systems presents a series of challenges that limit the practical use of computational tools. Specifically, the optimization of such systems involves multiple interconnected components with competing quantities of interest and high‐dimensional spaces and necessitates the use of costly high‐fidelity solvers to accurately simulate the coupled multiphysics. In this paper, we put forth a data‐driven framework to address these challenges leveraging recent advances in machine learning. We combine multifidelity Gaussian process regression and Bayesian optimization to construct probabilistic surrogate models for given quantities of interest and explore high‐dimensional design spaces in a cost‐effective manner. The synergistic use of these computational tools gives rise to a tractable and general framework for tackling realistic multidisciplinary optimization problems. To demonstrate the specific merits of our approach, we have chosen a challenging large‐scale application involving the hydrostructural optimization of three‐dimensional supercavitating hydrofoils. To this end, we have developed an automated workflow for performing multiresolution simulations of turbulent multiphase flows and multifidelity structural mechanics (combining three‐dimensional and one‐dimensional finite element results), the results of which drive our machine learning analysis in pursuit of the optimal hydrofoil shape.
The three dimensional weak form of the conjugate gradient FFT method for solving scattering problems

The problem of electromagnetic scattering by a three-dimensional dielectric object can be formulated in terms of a hypersingular integral equation, in which a grad-div operator acts on a vector potential. The vector potential is a spatial convolution of the free space Green's function and the contrast source over the domain of interest. A weak form of the integral equation for the relevant unknown quantity is obtained by testing it with appropriate testing functions. The vector potential is then expanded in a sequence of the appropriate expansion functions and the grad-div operator is integrated analytically over the scattering object domain only. A weak form of the singular Green's function has been used by introducing its spherical mean. As a result, the spatial convolution can be carried out numerically using a trapezoidal integration rule. This method shows excellent numerical performance. >
Any Link between Unofficial Economy and Official Economy? An Empirical Evidence from the ASEAN

This purpose of this study is to examine a possible link between unofficial economy and official economy for the ASEAN from 1996 to 2013. The unofficial economy is technically unobservable. As such, the MIMIC approach, which will estimate the unobservable variable using different observable variables, is utilized in this study. The findings from this study indicate that when the official economy is proxied by the GDP or the GDP per capita, the unofficial economy negatively contributes to the official economy. The effect from the unofficial economy to the official economy is more significant to the GDP than to the GDP per capita. We argue that it may be the time to move away from the conventional approach adopted by the governments in the ASEAN in controlling the unofficial economy in the forms of punishment and education. A more appropriate approach to control a growth of the unofficial economy is to adopt a more comprehensive and systematic review of tax and social security contributions burdens; regulations and others which are well evidenced and documented in the literature of the shadow economy.
Application and Comparison of Two Chlorine Decay Models for Predicting Bulk Chlorine Residuals

In this study, the factors that leading to loss of chlorine residual in water distribution systems were investigated. A series of experiments performed on real water samples collected from effluent of water treatment plant before chlorination. The results showed that bulk chlorine decay rate varied significantly with the initial chlorine concentration and the organic content of water. Further, this paper explores the performance and the potential applicability of the parallel first order model and second order model to represent the bulk chlorine reactions. The modelling and simulation study lead to define the bulk chlorine coefficients as a function of initial chlorine concentration (Co) and COD by developing mathematical equations related to these parameters.
Sedimentary metal bioavailability determined by the digestive constraints of marine deposit feeders: gut retention time and dissolved amino acids

Contaminant metals bound to sediments are subject to considerable solubilization during passage of the sediments through the digestive systems of deposit feeders. We examined the kinetics of this process, using digestive fluids extracted from deposit feeders Arenicola manna and Parastichopus californicus and then incubated with contaminated sediments. Kinetics are complex, with solubilization followed occasionally by readsorption onto the sediment. In general, solubilization kinetics are biphasic, with an initial rapid step followed by a slower reaction. For many sediment-organism combinations, the reaction will not reach a steady state or equilibrium within the gut retention time (GRT) of the organisms, suggesting that metal bioavailability in sediments is a time-dependent parameter Experiments with commercial protein solutions mimic the kinetic patterns observed with digestive fluids, which corroborates our previous study that complexation by dissolved amino acids (AA) in digestive fluids leads to metal solubilization (Chen & Mayer 1998b, Environ Sci Technol 32:770-378). The relative importance of the fast and slow reactions appears to depend on the ratio of ligands In gut fluids to the amount of bound metal in sediments. High ligand to sohd metal ratios result in more metals released in fast reactions and thus higher lability of sedimentary metals Multiple extractions of a sediment with dgestive fluid of A. marina confirm the potential importance of incomplete reactions within a single deposit-feeding event, and make clear that bioavailabllity to a slngle animal is l~kely different from that to a community of organisms. The con~plex k~netic patterns lead to the counterintui t~ve prediction that toxification of digestive enzymes by solubillzed metals wlll occur more readily in species that dissolve less metals.
Measurement of the differential inclusive B + hadron cross sections in pp collisions at

The differential cross sections for inclusive production of B + hadrons are measured as a function of the B + transverse momentum p BT and rapidity y B in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13TeV, using data collected by the CMS experiment that correspond to an integrated luminosity of 48.1pb − 1 . The measurement uses the exclusive decay channel B + → J /ψ K + , with J /ψ mesons that decay to a pair of muons. The results show a reasonable agreement with theoretical calculations within the uncertainties. 3
Effect of Various Edge Detection Techniques for Depth Estimation Based on Defocus Monocular Cue

Depth estimation is an important step to generate 3D structure. The number of algorithm has explored to estimate depth based on Binocular cues (using tw o or more images). But very less work has done to estimate depth from monocular cue (using single image. This paper uses monocular cue as defocus to estimate depth. Also we compare different edge detection algorithms used for depth estimation using monocular defocus cue from single image. The edge detection is an important step in an image processing. The various edge detectors used are Roberts Kernel, Prewitt Kernel, Sobel Kernel, Canny edge detector. The experimental results show that canny edge detector is superior as compared to other and shows better depth for given image.
Nutritional Epidemiology Correlates of Serum Lutein Zeaxanthin : Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1

The determinants of blood levels of carotenoids were previously investigated in small or select samples. The relations of serum lutein zeaxanthin to possible diet, lifestyle, and physiological determinants in 7059 participants of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994), 40 y old, were examined. In a fully adjusted, multiple linear regression model, lower serum lutein zeaxanthin was significantly associated with smoking, heavy drinking, being white, female, or not being physically active, having lower dietary lutein zeaxanthin, higher fat-free mass, a higher percentage of fat mass, a higher waist-hip ratio, lower serum cholesterol, a higher white blood cell count, and high levels of C-reactive protein (P 0.05). The model explained 24% of the variation present in serum lutein zeaxanthin for the current sample. The correlation between dietary and serum lutein zeaxanthin was 0.17 and increased to 0.18 after adjusting for the effects of given covariates. Each 10% increase in dietary lutein zeaxanthin was associated with a 1% increase in serum conditional on other terms in the model. Many factors that influence the level of serum lutein zeaxanthin remain unknown. J. Nutr. 134: 2387–2394, 2004.
Coupling of plasmon waveguide modes to free-space optics through surface sculpting of ultrathin freestanding films

A method for coupling between nanomembrane-based optical waveguides utilizing long-range surface plasmon polaritons and propagating free-space modes is described and analyzed. We base our approach on threedimensional surface sculpting of freestanding ultrathin metal or metal-composite membranes utilizing bulk micromachining of their sacrificial support. The approach ensures a less stringent alignment conditions compared to some alternative methods. We fabricated the experimental samples of the coupling structures utilizing a combination of thin film deposition technique and bulk micromachining for 3D sculpting of sacrificial silicon substrate.
Subduction factory 2. Are intermediate‐depth earthquakes in subducting slabs linked to metamorphic dehydration reactions?

[1] New thermal-petrologic models of subduction zones are used to test the hypothesis that intermediate-depth intraslab earthquakes are linked to metamorphic dehydration reactions in the subducting oceanic crust and mantle. We show that there is a correlation between the patterns of intermediate-depth seismicity and the locations of predicted hydrous minerals: Earthquakes occur in subducting slabs where dehydration is expected, and they are absent from parts of slabs predicted to be anhydrous. We propose that a subductingoceanicplatecanconsistoffourpetrologicallyandseismicallydistinctlayers:(1) hydrated, fine-grained basaltic upper crust dehydrating under equilibrium conditions and producing earthquakes facilitated by dehydration embrittlement; (2) coarse-grained, locally hydrated gabbroic lower crust that produces some earthquakes during dehydration but transformschieflyaseismicallytoeclogiteatdepthsbeyondequilibrium;(3)locallyhydrated uppermost mantle dehydrating under equilibrium conditions and producing earthquakes; and (4) anhydrous mantle lithosphere transforming sluggishly and aseismically to denser minerals. Fluid generated through dehydration reactions can move via at least three distinct flowpaths:percolationthroughlocal,transient,reaction-generatedhigh-permeabilityzones; flow through mode I cracks produced by the local stress state; and postseismic flow through fault zones. INDEX TERMS: 7218 Seismology: Lithosphere and upper mantle; 7230 Seismology: Seismicity and seismotectonics; 8123 Tectonophysics: Dynamics, seismotectonics; 8135 Tectonophysics: Evolution of the Earth: Hydrothermalsystems (8424); 3660 Mineralogyand Petrology: Metamorphicpetrology;
STRAIGHT, exploitation of the other aspect of VOCODER: Perceptually isomorphic decomposition of speech sounds

STRAIGHT, a speech analysis, modification synthesis system, is an extension of the classical channel VOCODER that exploits the advantages of progress in information processing technologies and a new conceptualization of the role of repetitive structures in speech sounds. This review outlines historical backgrounds, architecture, underlying principles, and representative applications of STRAIGHT.
Protoclusters associated with z > 2 radio galaxies - I. Characteristics of high redshift protoclusters

We present the results of a large program conducted with the Very Large Telescope and augmented by observations with the Keck telescope to search for forming clusters of galaxies near powerful radio galaxies at $2.0 α emitting galaxies in ~$3\times3$ Mpc 2 areas near the radio galaxies. A total of 300 candidate emitters were found with a rest-frame Ly α equivalent width of EW $_0 > 15$ A and significance $\Sigma \equiv {\it EW}_0/\Delta {\it EW}_0 > 3$. Follow-up spectroscopy was performed on 152 candidates in seven of the radio galaxy fields. Of these, 139 were confirmed to be Ly α emitters, four were low redshift interlopers and nine were non-detections. With the adopted criteria the success rate is $139/152 = 91$%. In addition, 14 objects with EW $_0 α emitters. Combined with the 15 Ly α emitters near MRC 1138-262, we have determined Ly α redshifts for 168 objects near eight radio galaxies. At least six of our eight fields are overdense in Ly α emitters by a factor 3-5 as compared to the field density of Ly α emitters at similar redshifts, although the statistics in our highest redshift field ($z = 5.2$) are poor. Also, the emitters show significant clustering in velocity space. In the overdense fields, the width of the velocity distributions of the emitters is a factor 2-5 smaller than the width of the narrow-band filters. Taken together, we conclude that we have discovered six forming clusters of galaxies (protoclusters). We estimate that roughly 75% of powerful ($L_\mathrm{2.7\,GHz} > 10^{33}$ erg s -1 Hz -1 sr -1 ) high redshift radio galaxies reside in a protocluster. The protoclusters have sizes of at least 1.75 Mpc, which is consistent with the structure sizes found by other groups. By using the volume occupied by the overdensities and assuming a bias parameter of $b=3{-}6$, we estimate that the protoclusters have masses in the range $2{-}9 \times 10^{14}$ $M_{\odot}$. These protoclusters are likely to be progenitors of present-day (massive) clusters of galaxies. For the first time, we have been able to estimate the velocity dispersion of cluster progenitors from $z\sim5$ to ~2. The velocity dispersion of the emitters increases with cosmic time, in agreement with the dark matter velocity dispersion in numerical simulations of forming massive clusters.
Reinforcement Effects of CNTs for Polymer-Based Nanocomposites

With large aspect ratio, high strength and stiffness, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely used as the reinforcement for polymer-based nanocomposites with prospective application in aerospace engineering, automotive industry, etc. Generally, there are two typical representatives: three-phase hybrid CFRP laminates (CNT/Polymer/CF) and twophase CNT-reinforced polymer (CNT/Polymer) nanocomposites. For three-phase hybrid CFRP laminates which use CNTs to improve the interlaminar mechanical properties of CFRP laminates, the fabrication methods can be categorized into the following three ways: i. Matrix reinforcement, which uses the two-phase CNT/Polymer nanocomposites as the matrix for CFRP plies before lay-up [Yokozeki et al., 2007; Karapappas et al., 2009; Inam et al., 2010]; ii. Filler reinforcement, which employs the CNT-grafted carbon fibres as reinforcement filler for CFRP plies before lay-up [Thostenson et al., 2002; Veedu et al., 2006; He et al., 2007; Kepple et al., 2008]; iii. Interface reinforcement, which adds CNTs into the interface between CFRP plies during lay-up [Garcia et al., 2008; Arai et al., 2008]. Although great progress has been made for the first two ways, less work is reported on the third one. Therefore, in the present work, a newly simple fabrication method, i.e., Powder method was developed to disperse the CNTs at the interface between CFRP plies. The improvement of interlaminar mechanical properties was investigated by DCB (double cantilever bending) tests and FEM (finite element method) analysis. For two-phase CNT/Polymer nanocomposites, numerous experimental investigations have been carried out on the reinforcement effect of CNTs addition in thermosetting ones, e.g. epoxy [Schadler et al., 1998; Gojny et al., 2005; Ci & Bai, 2006], polyimide [Ogasawara et al., 2004; Jiang et al., 2005], and phenolic [Tai et al., 2004], as well as thermoplastic ones, e.g. polypropylene (PP) [Bhattacharyya et al., 2003; Chang et al., 2005], polystyrene (PS) [Thostenson & Chou, 2002; Chang et al., 2006], polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) [Cooper et al., 2002; Lee et al., 2006] and polyether ether kentone (PEEK) [Deng et al., 2007; Bangarusampath et al., 2009]. However, the reported improvement of mechanical properties of these nanocomposites is far more less than the expectation because of poor dispersion, difficult alignment of CNTs, and weak interface between CNT and polymer matrix, which
Kinematics vs . Mechanics in Understanding Rock Deformation

The products and processes of rock deformation may be understood using a complete mechanics, of which kinematics is an integral part. We describe what is meant by a complete mechanics and show that analyses of geological structures using kinematics alone provide, at best, limited insight. To make these points we refer to general concepts from dimensional analysis and the equations of motion, and we describe particular results from models of pluton expansion, oblique plate convergence, ductile shear zones, and spreading nappes. We conclude that kinematics is necessary, but not sufficient to achieve understanding. ________________________________________________________________________
Glaucoma Animal Models

1.1 Glaucoma is a progressive neuropathy Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy that is considered to be the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. This disease is characterized by selective death of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and a progressive loss of vision. Elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) is a critical risk factor for glaucoma progression, and its lowering has become a major focus of intervention. However, many patients continue to lose vision despite IOP management. Additionally, some patients develop what is known as normal tension glaucoma, which is not associated with increased IOP. Taken together, the continued deterioration of some patients’ vision despite IOP management as well as the incidence of normal tension glaucoma illustrate that several pressure-independent mechanisms are responsible for the development and progression of glaucomatous neuropathy (Pinar-Sueiro & Vecino, 2010). Glaucoma is difficult to study in humans. The damage present at the time of diagnosis precludes the study of disease development from onset. Additionally, obtaining retinas at equivalent pathologic states is rare, confounding comparisons and limiting conclusions. For these reasons, the development of animal models has been necessary for the study of the pathophysiology of glaucoma. Animal studies have articulated the mechanisms of the formation and evacuation of aqueous humour as well as the maintenance of intra-ocular pressure, thereby informing glaucoma etiology and therapeutic development. In 1901, Lauber determined that blood from the anterior ciliary veins of dogs contained fewer erythrocytes per unit volume than did blood from their paws. As early as 1903, Leber noted a significant histological connection between the Schlemm ́s canal and the episcleral veins. Numerous investigators then demonstrated that various dyes and tracer substances injected into the anterior chamber later appeared in the anterior ciliary veins. It was not until 1942, when Ascher first described the appearance of aqueous veins and their connections to the episcleral venus plexus, and a connection between Schlemm’s canal and eipiscleral veins was demonstrated under normal conditions in vivo. Ascher compressed the episcleral veins using a fine glass rod, thereby inhibiting aqueous flow into them. This flow resumed when the rod was removed. He described two types of stratification: vessels with a superior layer of aqueous
The impact of population on CO2 emissions: Provincial panel evidence from Thailand

This paper analyses the impact of population growth on CO2 emissions at the provincial level in Thailand. Past researchers have assumed a unitary elasticity of emissions with respect to population growth. In the classical and random-parameters panel data models estimated by a simulation estimator, population does not explain and moves in the opposite direction from CO2 emissions. However, the Tobit panel data estimator shows that population is significant and moves in the same direction as CO2 emissions. Nonetheless, the Tobit estimator does not show a unitary elasticity of emissions. The sample covers the period 2001- 2008 for each of the 76 Thai provinces.