Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Novel Semiconductor Alloys for Band Gap Engineering

The novel semiconductor alloys, In1-xAlxN, GaN1-xAsx, and ZnSe1-xOx, are promising materials for low-cost and high-efficiency solar cells and efficient solid-state lighting. The band gap of all of the alloys can be controlled through the visible electromagnetic energy spectrum by varying x. In-rich InAlN tends to be degenerately n-type due to the high electron affinity of InN and the conduction band and light hole band are non-parabolic due to the narrow band gap and the interaction of the conduction band and valence bands. The absorption spectra can be blue shifted due to the Burstein-Moss Shift. GaNAs and ZnSeO are highly mismatched alloys, where the alloying involves elements that are very dissimilar in terms of electronegativity and size. The band anticrossing model, which treats the interaction of a localized defect level with the extended states of the conduction and valence bands, quantitatively describes the properties of highly mismatched alloys. The band gap bowing parameter, which quantifies the band gap dependence on composition, of InAlN is determined while accounting for the effects of degenerate electron concentrations and non-parabolic bands on the absorption spectra. The composition is independently determined by two complimentary methods. The band gap and temperature dependence of the band gap of ZnSe1-xOx are determined by optical spectroscopy and can be understood in terms of the band anticrossing model. The exciton kinetics is quantified through time-resolved photoluminescence and is found to cause a low temperature enhancement of the photoluminescence. The band gaps of GaNAs are determined for the full composition range for both crystalline and amorphous phases. The composition dependence of the band gap can be quantified by the band anticrossing model across the full composition range through a linear interpolation of the conduction band and valence band anticrossing models.
THE 'RECIPROCITY' GAME: A THEORETICAL BASIS FOR MEASURING RECIPROCITY IN HUMAN SOCIO-ECONOMIC INTERACTIONS

The Theory of Expected Utility is the central theory that describes the way individuals make a decision according to the classical economic theory. Despite the fact of that, experimental studies on individuals' behavioral attitude of the last 20 years have shown that this theory does not accurately represent human behavior from a descriptive point of view. On the contrary, these studies bear out that reciprocity is the motivational drive of human decisions. People have a reciprocal behavior if they praise and repay good deeds and punish unkind ones. On the other hand, they are rational if they make every effort to maximize the benefit and their utility. In this review paper, we present a theoretical framework of reciprocity's measuring through the experimental economics. In particular, we propose an experimental way of identifying the incentives under which the subjects make a decision. Are they motivated by other people's well-being or by material self-interest? For achieving this, Homo Economicus and Homo Reciprocans ''conflict'' amid two different games of Game Theory. These games (Ultimatum Game and Dictator Game) create a new one, which is called ''The Reciprocity Game'' and it is going to offer us an important theoretical basis for the empirical measurement of human reciprocity in the future.
A STUDY ON THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BLUE COMPACT DWARF GALAXIES

In this paper, we report our studies on the gaseous and chemical properties of a relatively large sample (53 members) of blue compact dwarf galaxies (BCDs). The results of correlations among the oxygen abundance, stellar mass, gas mass, baryonic mass, and gas fraction are present both for E- and I-type BCDs, which are classified according to Loose & Thuan and show elliptical and irregular outer haloes, respectively. These correlations of I-type BCDs show slopes similar to those of E-type ones. However, in general, E-type BCDs are more gas-poor and metal-rich than I-type ones at a given baryonic mass. Based on these results, we suggest that E-type BCDs, at least a part of them, and I-type ones might be likely at different evolutionary phases and/or having different progenitors. Our investigation of the correlation between oxygen abundance and gas fraction shows that BCDs appear to have not evolved as isolated systems, but to have experienced some gas flows and/or mergers.
Multiharmonic Frequency-Chirped Transducers for Surface-Acoustic-Wave Optomechanics

Surface acoustic waves have become a key phononic technology to probe and control a wide range of excitations in condensed matter. Here wide-passband transducers establish stable phase locking between a pulsed source and electrically generated ``nanoquakes'' on a chip. An inherently stable, yet tunable, phase locking between a free-running pulsed laser and the sound wave is used for time-domain optomechanical spectroscopy of a dynamically strained quantum dot. This technique can be directly adapted to any pulsed source of electromagnetic radiation, or even particles, to probe the acoustically driven dynamics of structural, electronic, optical, or magnetic excitations.
Value congruence of manufacturer: Distributor guanxi orientation and manufacturers relationship specific investments

Values are very important for guiding firm’s attitude, minds and behaviors. From intra- to inter-firm management, value congruence between cooperative firms is the cornerstone for relationship building. This paper focused on guanxi orientation values, popular in Chinese business context, and found the positive effect of value congruence in guanxi orientation on manufacturers’ relationship specific investments (RSIs). The authors collected dyadic data, and applied polynomial regression and response surface approach in this paper. One surprising result is that manufacturer’s RSIs keep high when manufacturer’s guanxi orientation is low but distributor’s is low. The results shed some light on the dynamic interplay between guanxi orientation and RSIs in marketing channel context. Key words: Value congruence, Guanxi orientation, relationship specific investments (RSIs), dyadic data analysis.
Variation of sea salt aerosol pH with relative humidity

Calculations of the pH of sea salt aerosol particles show that the pH decreases with increasing relative humidity and therefore increasing liquid water content of the particles. We show that this puzzling effect is a result of the high concentration of chloride in the particles and the phase partitioning of HCl between the gas and aqueous phase, that makes the gas phase act as a reservoir for acidity for the sea salt particles. Implications for the marine boundary layer are briefly discussed.
PATHOGEN REMOVAL FROM PIG MANURE BY FULL-SCALE PSYCHROPHILIC ANAEROBIC DIGESTION IN SEQUENCING BATCH REACTORS

Pathogens in pig manure used as fertilizer constitute a challenge regarding environmental issues. This study assessed the efficiency of commercial scale psychrophilic anaerobic digestion in sequencing batch reactors (PADSBRs) for pathogen removal from pig manure. The impact of treatment cycle length (one and two weeks) and of hydraulic flow regimes on pathogen removal efficiency was investigated. Two reactors (BR1 and BR2) were operated as conventional SBRs while two others (BR3 and BR4) were fed from the bottom of the reactors simultaneously with draw step. The latter operational conditions allowed for avoiding operational constrains. Reactors were monitored over a two year period for pathogens and indicator removal. Total and fecal coliforms, and Escherichia coli concentrations decreased by more than 2.5 log10 units in BR1 and BR2, while BR3 and BR4 removed 0.9 to 1.2 log10 unit of these organisms. Yersinia enterocolitica removal averaged 2.1 log10 units for BR1 and BR2, and ranged from 1.1 to 1.3 log10 unit for the other reactors. Salmonella and Campylobacter sp. removal by BR1 and BR2 ranged from 1.2 to 1.5 log10 unit, while their concentration decreased by 0.9 to 1.1 log10 unit in BR3 and BR4. Clostridium perfringens and Enterococcus spp. concentration remained high in the digesters. The PADSBRs maintained the same level of pathogen removal when the treatment cycle length was reduced from two to one week. Mass balances on volatile fatty acids (VFAs) revealed short-circuits averaging 6.3% and 6.4% of inlet flow in BR3 and BR4 effluents respectively, significantly reducing the overall performance of the reactors regarding pathogens removal. Their design would be considered unsuitable when maximal performance is necessary to obtain a specific effluent quality.
The volatility of consumption and output with increasing industrialization

Consumption is more volatile than output in developing countries while it is less volatile than output in developed economies. This paper shows that the relatively large home sector in developing economies contributes to this difference, and the driving force for this difference is technology. Thus this paper suggests that volatile market consumption is almost inevitable at the start of industrialization, when the technology level in the market sector is just above that of the home sector.
Italian Web Job Vacancies for Marketing-Related Professions

Digital revolution, globalization and the re-organisation of production and service companies have heavily modified the demand for skills and specific occupations. Here, the problem of analyzing web job vacancies is attracting increasing research interest from public organizations, employment agencies, and private companies, as it could reveal how web labour market demand is evolving with time, by focusing on the skills required of applicants by employers. A study conducted on the Italian web labour market focused on three distinct professional areas, namely, Communications, Sales, and Administration & Finance.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AND JOB SATISFACTION IN A COLLECTIVISTIC CULTURE: THE MODERATING ROLE OF CULTURAL EMBEDDEDNESS

This study investigates the moderating role of individual-level cultural orientation and the integrating style of conflict management and it focuses on the relationship between subordinates’ depressive symptoms and job satisfaction in a collectivistic culture. Results from a study involving 390 Malaysian respondents revealed that subordinates with lower levels of depressive symptoms display higher job satisfaction, strengthening the Affective Events Theory. Horizontal collectivism, vertical collectivism, and integrating are hypothesized to buffer the negative consequences of depressive symptoms. Using Partial Least Squares analysis, results suggested a negative relationship between depressive symptoms and job satisfaction. Supporting our moderating hypothesis, integrating had an impact on the level of job satisfaction, in which higher job satisfaction was reported for high rather than low use of integrating styles. The results provide new insights into the influence of interpersonal relationships on the shaping of a subordinate’s well-being and in relation to the culture in which they are embedded. From a managerial standpoint, intervention and training designed to enhance subordinates’ job satisfaction focusing on interpersonal skills are recommended. This paper describes what is considered to be the first study to examine the relationships between depressive symptoms and job satisfaction in investigating the role of Malaysia as a collectivistic country on an individual level.
Grazing increases albedo of savanna grasslands

Earlier studies done in the north have shown that grazing increases surface albedo by reducing shrub height and abundance, and thus have the potential to cool down the local climate. But what about effect of grazing in other systems? In African savanna grasslands some grazers are able to transform grass swards into a lawn-like state by regular grazing. The grazing excludes tall-grass colonizers and the spread of lawn grasses is thus promoted by grazing. A characteristic of savanna ecosystems is the tree-grass coexistence. Field experiments have indicated that in the absence of herbivory and fire, woody plant encroachment in savannas can be high, but grazing lawns seem to be resistant to shrub invasion. I investigate how the creation of grazing lawns affects the albedo of savanna grasslands. By comparing albedo between grazing lawns, bunch grass and woody shrubs. I also quantify the extent of grazing lawns across the. I show that grazing lawns have a significantly higher albedo than both bunch grass and grass encroached by woody plants and that albedo increased during the growing season. Albedo decreased when the amount of bare soil increased, and albedo increased with more grass. The assessment of grazing lawn distribution in the park showed that lawns in some parts cover 20% of the transect area. This study shows that grazing lawns, and by extension grazers, could affect the local climate on African savannas, through a higher albedo.
Disaster Resilience and Human Behavior: Hospital Buildings in Malaysia

Hospitals are themselves vulnerable to numerous types of disasters and can get damaged risking the lives of human being. To a certain extent, despite of hard resilience (structural and non-structural), human behavior is one of the contributing factors affecting the hospital’s capability in achieving disaster resilience. Hence, the objectives of the paper are twofold: to explore human weaknesses; and to investigate strategies for achieving disaster resilience for existing public hospitals. Qualitative research techniques were employed in the form of focus group approach. The findings revealed that six human weaknesses and five strategies have been asserted by the respondents as of utmost critical. © 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. Keywords: Disaster Resilience; hard and soft resilience; hospital; human behaviour
The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 - Part 3: the Last Millennium, scientific objective and experimental design for the PMIP4 past1000 simulations (in open review for GMD - doi: 10.5194/gmd-2016-278)

The pre-industrial millennium is among the periods selected by the Paleoclimate Model Intercomparison Project (PMIP) for experiments contributing to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and the fourth phase of the PMIP (PMIP4). The past1000 transient simulations serve to investigate the response to (mainly) natural forcing under background conditions not too different from today, and to discriminate between forced and internally generated variability on interannual to centennial timescales. This paper describes the motivation and the experimental set-ups for the PMIP4-CMIP6 past1000 simulations, and discusses the forcing agents orbital, solar, volcanic, and land use/land cover changes, and variations in greenhouse gas concentrations. The past1000 simulations covering the pre-industrial millennium from 850 Common Era (CE) to 1849 CE have to be complemented by historical simulations (1850 to 2014 CE) following the CMIP6 protocol. The external forcings for the past1000 experiments have been adapted to provide a seamless transition across these time periods. Protocols for the past1000 simulations have been divided into three tiers. A default forcing data set has been defined for the Tier 1 (the CMIP6 past1000) experiment. However, the PMIP community has maintained the flexibility to conduct coordinated sensitivity experiments to explore uncertainty in forcing reconstructions as well as parameter uncertainty in dedicated Tier 2 simulations. Additional experiments (Tier 3) are defined to foster collaborative model experiments focusing on the early instrumental period and to extend the temporal range and the scope of the simulations. This paper outlines current and future research foci and common analyses for collaborative work between the PMIP and the observational communities (reconstructions, instrumental data).
Metal-binding particles enhance germination and radicle tolerance index of the metallophyte grass Astrebla lappacea Lindl. Under phytotoxic lead and zinc conditions

Metal-contaminated soils often lack effective vegetation cover and are consequently prone to disturbance and in some cases leaching. The establishment of self-sustaining plant cover on contaminated sites often requires a reduction in available metal concentrations in the rooting zone. In theory, hydrogel particles have the potential to improve plant establishment rates and site rehabilitation by: (i) detoxifying the soils in terms of heavy metal ‘capture’ and providing a source of water for plants during germination and establishment; (ii) allowing the establishment of selected metal tolerant plants (metallophytes) at high soil metal concentrations and under drought; and (iii) by acting in synergy with the sequestration of metals by metallophytes, to achieve phytostabilisation of contaminated sites and reduce the risks of uncontrolled metal transfers into the environment via wind and water erosion. Various micron- and nano-sized metal-binding cross-linked acrylamide polymer hydrogel particles were synthesised and tested in laboratory-scale experiments in order to determine: (i) the capacity of particles to sequester heavy metals (lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and the metalloid arsenic (As)) in solution at high soluble concentrations; (ii) the water-holding capacity of the particles; and (iii) the effect of particle treatment on the in vitro germination percentage and radicle tolerance index (RTI at 2 days) of an Australian metallophyte grass (Astrebla lappacea Lindl.) in the presence of high solution concentrations of heavy metals normally phytotoxic to that species. The results show that one micron-sized thiol functional cross-linked acrylamide polymer hydrogel (X3) significantly reduced the available solution concentrations of Pb (9,650 µM), Cu (4,000 µM) and Zn (10,000 µM) by 86.5%, 75.5% and 63.8% respectively. Arsenic (667 µM) was excluded from the polymer network. This polymer could hold deionised water up to 607.8% (6.1 times) of its dry mass. Alone, it enhanced seed germination, and at otherwise phytotoxic Pb (9,650 µM) and Zn (10,000 µM) solution concentrations it allowed normal germination rates and increased radicle elongation rates of A. lappacea. The polymer may have potential for use in the restoration of contaminated land by reducing soil solution concentrations of metal cations, and improving plant germination rates through a combination of reduced toxicity and increased soil-water availability. Future research will address whether the particles are as effective in binding to heavy metals in contaminated substrata, increasing the volume of soil solution water available to plants and improving plant establishment. Metal-binding particles enhance germination and radicle tolerance index of the metallophyte L. Rossato et al. grass Astrebla lappacea Lindl. under phytotoxic lead and zinc conditions 302 Mine Closure 2009, Perth, Australia
A Posteriori Perusal of Mobile Computing

The breakthrough in wireless networking has prompted a new concept of computing, called mobile computing in which users tote portable devices have access to a shared infrastructure, independent of their physical location. Mobile computing is becoming increasingly vital due to the increase in the number of portable computers and the aspiration to have continuous network connectivity to the Internet irrespective of the physical location of the node. Mobile computing systems are computing systems that may be readily moved physically and whose computing ability may be used while they are being moved. Mobile computing has rapidly become a vital new example in today's real world of networked computing systems. It includes software, hardware and mobile communication. Ranging from wireless laptops to cellular phones and WiFi/Bluetooth- enabled PDA"s to wireless sensor networks; mobile computing has become ubiquitous in its influence on our quotidian lives. In this paper various types of mobile devices are talking and they are inquiring into in details and existing operation systems that are most famed for mentioned devices are talking. Another aim of this paper is to point out some of the characteristics, applications, limitations, and issues of mobile computing.
Discovery of a mid-latitude sympatric area for two Southern Hemisphere blue whale subspecies

In the Southern Indian Ocean, 2 subspecies of blue whales Balaenoptera musculus spp. occur, the Antarctic B. m. intermedia and the pygmy blue whale B. m. brevicauda. Until the present study was conducted it was assumed that the distribution of these 2 subspecies was delimited by the Antarctic Convergence (52° to 56° S) during the austral summer. Here, we report results from the first year-long, continuous acoustic monitoring of blue whales in mid-latitude waters off the Crozet Islands (46° 25' S, 51° 40' E). Using acoustic data from an International Monitoring System hydroa- coustic station, we found that Antarctic and pygmy blue whales occur sympatrically in this area based on detection of their stereotyped calls. Antarctic blue whale calls were recorded year-round, indicat- ing continuous presence in the region, which contradicts the migration paradigm attributed to this subspecies. Three geographically distinct types of pygmy blue whale calls were recorded during the summer and autumn only. The Madagascan call type was the most frequently recorded, while Sri Lankan and Australian call types recorded in this area suggest basin-scale longitudinal and latitudi- nal movements. During spring and summer, blue whale calls were often associated with higher fre- quency sounds (D calls), which have been attributed to feeding activity. The summer co-occurrence of blue whale subspecies highlights the importance of this productive sub-Antarctic area as a blue whale hotspot and provides new insights into blue whale seasonal distribution and segregation.
A miniaturized flexible surface attachable interrogator for hybrid optical fiber sensing

In this article, we propose a miniaturized flexible interrogator for polarimetric and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors based hybrid sensing scheme embedded in composite materials. The flexible interrogation module comprises of an arrayed waveguide (AWG) for FBG demodulation and an electro optic mach–zehnder interferometric (EO‐MZI) intensity modulator for polarimetric sensor demodulation. A customized design of AWG and EO‐MZI are presented, and the designed performance resulted in a wide channel spacing of 5 nm and low cross talk of −34 dB between adjacent channels for the AWG, and a low Vπ voltage of ±1.5 V for the MZI‐EO. The method for fabrication of the flexible interrogator device is also presented, based on post processing of platinum coated polyimide substrate. The film type interrogation module is compact, with a size of 3.4 × 0.1 × 0.01 cm3. The surface attachable flexible hybrid sensor interrogator is proposed to integrate with photo detector arrays and wireless communication technology to enhance the competency of hybrid sensing scheme in smart sensing composite parts in motion for applications in aircraft, wind rotor blades and so forth. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1167–1174, 2014