Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct Numerical Simulation of Aeolian Tones

Abstract : Direct numerical simulation results of aeolian tones generated by a two-dimensional obstacle (circular cylinder, square cylinder, NACA0012 airfoil) in a uniform flow are presented and the generation and propagation mechanisms of the sound are discussed. The unsteady compressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved by a highly-accurate finite difference scheme over the entire region from near to far fields. The direct numerical simulation results are also compared with the results obtained by Curle's acoustic analogy.
The 24 fluorescence patterns of the human metaphase chromosomes - distinguishing characters and variability.

Certain fluorescent DNA-binding compounds, among them quinacrine mustard and quinacrine, give characteristic banding patterns in human metaphase chromosomes; these patterns can be used to identify all the 24 chromosome types as well as chromosome aberrations. The patterns given by quinacrine mustard are especially clear and stable and are suitable for chromosome identification either visually—preferably after contrast enhancement by photography—or by photometric methods. The typical fluorescence pattern of each chromosome type is described. The reproducibility and variability of the patterns have been analysed by photometric measurements of the patterns in a material of about 5000 chromosomes from 14 healthy subjects. Apart from certain minor but well defined chromosome regions with especially strong fluorescence, which are subject to certain individual variations, the fluorescence patterns were shown to be quite stable and reproducible.
Entrainment Maps : A New Tool for Understanding Properties of Circadian Oscillator Models

Circadian oscillators found across a variety of species are subject to periodic external light-dark forcing. Entrainment to light-dark cycles enables the circadian system to align biological functions with appropriate times of day or night. Phase response curves (PRCs) have been used for decades to gain valuable insights into entrainment; however, PRCs may not accurately describe entrainment to photoperiods with substantial amounts of both light and dark due to their reliance on a single limit cycle attractor. We have developed a new tool, called an entrainment map, that overcomes this limitation of PRCs and can assess whether, and at what phase, a circadian oscillator entrains to external forcing with any photoperiod. This is a 1-dimensional map that we construct for 3 different mathematical models of circadian clocks. Using the map, we are able to determine conditions for existence and stability of phase-locked solutions. In addition, we consider the dependence on various parameters such as the photoperiod and intensity of the external light as well as the mismatch in intrinsic oscillator frequency with the light-dark cycle. We show that the entrainment map yields more accurate predictions for phase locking than methods based on the PRC. The map is also ideally suited to calculate the amount of time required to achieve entrainment as a function of initial conditions and the bifurcations of stable and unstable periodic solutions that lead to loss of entrainment.
Management of Endoleaks

Abstract The management of endoleaks remains an inherent challenge to endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), particularly as evolving techniques and devices have allowed treatment of increasingly complex aneurysm anatomy. Endovascular techniques are the favored modality for endoleak repair and include techniques to bridge the endoleak defector and embolize the endoleak nidus and inflow/outflow vessels. Conversion to surgical repair remains the definitive option in cases where less invasive methods have failed or are precluded. In this article, the authors review evidence on the indications, approach, and outcomes of current techniques for endoleak management.
RESISTANCE OF THE FEMALE, AS OPPOSED TO THE MALE, INTESTINE TO I/R-MEDIATED INJURY IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RESISTANCE TO GUT-INDUCED DISTANT ORGAN INJURY

We tested the hypothesis that the female intestine is more resistant to gut I/R injury than the male intestine by comparing the effects of the isolated pure gut I/R superior mesenteric artery occlusion (SMAO) model on gut morphology and whether SMAO-induced distant organ injury (lung, bone marrow [BM], neutrophils, and red blood cells [RBCs]) would differ between male and proestrus female rats. At 6 or 24 h after SMAO or sham SMAO, gut injury, lung permeability, pulmonary neutrophil sequestration, RBC deformability, and BM RBC and white blood cell progenitor growth were measured, as was the ability of the plasma from these rats to activate naive rat neutrophils. At both 6 and 24 h after SMAO, the female rats had significantly less intestinal injury and reduced gut-induced lung injury, BM suppression, RBC dysfunction, and neutrophil activation than male rats subjected to SMAO. These results indicate that the resistance of proestrus female rats to gut injury and gut-induced distant organ injury is greater than that observed in male rats.
Effect of chorionic villus sampling on the occurrence of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE To perform a meta-analysis for an assessment of the risk of preeclampsia or gestational hypertension following chorionic villus sampling (CVS). DATA SOURCE PubMed was systematically searched from its inception through January 2016. MATERIAL AND METHODS Nine reports were identified. A pre-specified scale was used to assess their quality. TABULATION INTEGRATION AND RESULTS We performed pooling into three subgroups with respect to the control group: A) Patients with no invasive prenatal diagnostic procedure served as a control group for comparison. The odds ratios for gestational hypertension (0.76, 95% CI 0.46-1.26), preeclampsia (0.83, 95% CI 0.42-1.67), and severe preeclampsia (0.49, 95% CI 0.04-5.78) or when hypertension categories were pooled (0.80, 95% CI 0.46-1.41) were not significantly different. B) Patients with midtrimester diagnostic amniocentesis and patients with no invasive prenatal diagnostic procedure were combined as a control group for comparison. The odds ratios for preeclampsia (1, 95% CI 0.46-2.18), severe preeclampsia (0.83, 95% CI 0.14-4.85), and pooled hypertension categories (1.07, 95% CI 0.63-1.84) were not significantly different. C) Patients with midtrimester diagnostic amniocentesis served as a control group. There was a significant difference in the odds ratio for preeclampsia between the CVS and amniocentesis groups (2.47, 95% CI 1.14-5.33). There was a marginal difference in the odds ratio for combined pregnancy-induced hypertension categories between the CVS and amniocentesis groups (1.61, 95% CI 1.02-2.53). CONCLUSION The available data do not indicate an increased risk of preeclampsia or gestational hypertension following first trimester CVS. The heterogeneity and retrospective design of existing studies are limiting factors for our analysis and findings.
Contribution of cell wall degrading enzymes to pathogenesis of Fusarium graminearum: a review

Plant‐pathogenic fungi produce an array of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes that enable them to penetrate and infect the host tissue; these enzymes are collectively called cell wall‐degrading enzymes (CWDE). They may contribute to pathogenesis by degrading wax, cuticle and cell walls, thus aiding tissue invasion and pathogen dissemination. Furthermore, they can act as elicitors of host defense reaction.
Purely Metallic Waveguide-Fed Fabry–Perot Cavity Antenna With a Polarizing Frequency Selective Surface for Compact Solutions in Circular Polarization

A completely metallic Fabry–Perot (FP) cavity antenna is proposed with a polarizing radome on top as a compact alternative solution that could replace advantageously bulky horn antennas for high-power space applications in circular polarization. It consists of a stacked FP resonator, covered by a linear-to-circular polarization converting layer. Experimental results for a <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$2.5\lambda_{0}$</tex> </formula> aperture size in <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$S$</tex> </formula>-band (around 2.5 GHz) show a 1-dB axial-ratio bandwidth of 1.6% with a maximum gain level of 16.7 dB and a reflection coefficient lower than <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${- }$</tex></formula>15 dB over the entire frequency band.
Introductory study on the Discrete Trigonometric Transform (DTT) wavelet-like decomposition-reconstruction procedure

In the paper the results of investigations indicating computational efficiency of Discrete Trigonometric Transforms (DTTs) used to design filters by means of the complete wavelet-like decomposition/reconstruction procedure, are presented. The study indicates flexibility when comparing DTT selection from the set of 16 transforms, and the sampling type used. The results, obtained for the block length up to N=1024, should encourage applications of the suggested solutions to all areas where the classical wavelet filters are utilized, while the reconstruction error at the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) level of 37.5 dB can be accepted to balance the benefit of reduction of computations up to 68 times, obtained after including the Hamming window in the filtering process. The comparisons are based on the error measure derived from the signal covariance matrix.
Adaptive Niche Radii and Niche Shapes Approaches for Niching with the CMA-ES

While the motivation and usefulness of niching methods is beyond doubt, the relaxation of assumptions and limitations concerning the hypothetical search landscape is much needed if niching is to be valid in a broader range of applications. Upon the introduction of radii-based niching methods with derandomized evolution strategies (ES), the purpose of this study is to address the so-called niche radius problem. A new concept of an adaptive individual niche radius is applied to niching with the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES). Two approaches are considered. The first approach couples the radius to the step size mechanism, while the second approach employs the Mahalanobis distance metric with the covariance matrix mechanism for the distance calculation, for obtaining niches with more complex geometrical shapes. The proposed approaches are described in detail, and then tested on high-dimensional artificial landscapes at several levels of difficulty. They are shown to be robust and to achieve satisfying results.
Potential fitness benefits from mate selection in the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

Little evidence of benefits from female mate choice has been found when males provide no parental care or resources. Yet, good genes models of sexual selection suggest that elaborated male sexual characters are reliable signals of mate quality and that the offspring of males with elaborate sexual ornaments will perform better than those of males with less elaborate ornaments. We used cod (Gadus morhua L.), an externally fertilizing species where males provide nothing but sperm, to examine the potential of optimal mate selection with respect to offspring survival. By applying in vitro fertilizations, we crossed eight females with nine males in all possible combinations and reared each of the 72 sib groups. We found that offspring survival was dependent on which female was mated with which male and that optimal mate selection has the potential to increase mean offspring survival from 31.9 to 55.6% (a 74% increase). However, the size of the male sexual ornaments and sperm quality (i.e. sperm velocity and sperm density) could not predict offspring survival. Thus, even if there may be large fitness benefits of mate selection, we might not yet have identified the male characteristics generating high offspring survival.
A Pilot trial evaluating meta050, a proprietary combination of reduced iso‐alpha acids, rosemary extract and oleanolic acid in patients with arthritis and fibromyalgia

The aim of this open‐label, 8‐week observational trial was to investigate the efficacy of Meta050 (a proprietary, standardized combination of reduced iso‐alpha‐acids from hops, rosemary extract and oleanolic acid) on pain in patients with rheumatic disease. Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia patients were given 440 mg Meta050 three times a day for 4 weeks, which was changed to 880 mg twice a day for the subsequent 4 weeks in the majority of patients. Pain and condition‐specific symptoms were assessed using a standard visual analog scale (VAS), an abridged arthritis impact measurement scale (AIMS2) and the fibromyalgia impact questionnaire. Fifty‐four subjects with rheumatic disease completed the trial. Following treatment, a statistically significant decrease in pain of 50% and 40% was observed in arthritis subjects using the VAS (p < 0.0001; Wilcoxon‐ranked sums) and AIMS2 (p < 0.0001), respectively. Fibromyalgia subject scores did not significantly improve. A decreasing trend of C‐reactive protein, a marker for inflammation, was also observed in those subjects who presented with elevated C‐reactive protein. No serious side effects were observed. These observations suggest that Meta050 at a dosage of 440 mg three times a day has a beneficial effect on pain in arthritis subjects. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Replication of a Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus in a Continuous Cell Culture of Spodoptera frugiperda: Purification, Assay of Infectivity, and Growth Characteristics of the Virus

Nonoccluded virus, polyhedra, and occluded virus were purified from a continuous cell culture of Spodopera frugiperda infected with nuclear polyhedrosis virus. The optimal temperature for the replication and lateral transmission of infectivity for the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPV) in cell culture was 27 C. End-point dilution and plaque assay procedures for the measurement of infectivity are described and compared. Dose-response data demonstrated that a single particle could initiate an infection, and the validity of the relationship of 0.7 PFU per mean tissue culture infective dose (TCID5 0) further substantiated the accuracy of these infectivity assays. Particle-infectious unit calculations gave a ratio of 62 to 310 nonoccluded virus particles TCID5 0. Growth cycle and lateral transmission experiments indicated that infectious material was released from cells 12 h postinfection (p.i.) and approached a maximal titer 4 days p.i. The number of polyhedra, nonoccluded virions, and TCID5 0 produced per cell was also presented. Typical yields of NPV produced per liter flask suggested that insect cell culture systems represent a feasible means by which the replication of these viruses could be investigated.
The possible long-term effects of early-life circadian rhythm disturbance on social behavior

Sleep loss impairs brain function. As late sleep onset can reduce sleep, this sleep/circadian rhythm disturbance may cause brain impairment. Specific data on the long-term effects of sleep/circadian rhythm disturbance on subsequent brain function are lacking. Japan, a sleep-deprived society from infancy to adulthood, provides an ideal platform to investigate the association of these disturbances in early life with subsequent functioning. In this article, several current problematic behaviors among youth in Japan (dropping out from high school, school absenteeism, early resignation from employment, and suicide) are discussed in relation to early life sleep/circadian rhythm patterns. We hypothesize that daily habits of modern society during early stages of life produce unfavorable effects on brain function resulting in problematic behaviors in subsequent years.
2.65-MHz Self-Oscillating Electronic Ballast With Constant-Lamp-Current Control for Metal Halide Lamp

This paper presents the 2.65-MHz self-oscillating electronic ballast with constant-lamp-current control for metal halide (MH) lamps. To avoid the inherent acoustic-resonance problem of MH lamps, the switching frequency is chosen to be above 1MHz. Furthermore, in order to satisfy higher magnitudes of maximum electromagnetic interference limitation at frequencies of between 2.5 to 3.0MHz, the ballast's switching-frequency level was selected to be 2.65MHz, which falls within the frequency range "chimney," for radio-frequency lighting systems, such as electrode-less fluorescent lamps. The conventional self-oscillating electronic ballast is disadvantageous because the lamp current varies according to the input voltage. This difference in lamp current causes poor color rendering index for the lamp. In order to solve this issue for the self-oscillating electronic ballast, the constant-lamp-current control circuit is proposed to provide constant lamp current. Finally, a 20W self-oscillating ballast with the proposed constant-lamp-current control for MH lamps is implemented in order to demonstrate the ability to avoid acoustic resonance and to provide constant levels of lamp current
How Do Amines Affect the Growth of Recently Formed Aerosol Particles

Growth rates of recently born nanometer-scale particles were measured during the CLOUD experiments at CERN. Combining the data from several recently developed measurement techniques allowed us to follow the growth of the particles starting from molecules to molecular clusters and finally to climatically relevant particles. We studied the binary system with sulphuric acid and water, and the ternary systems with ammonia or dimethylamine added to the chamber, both in purely neutral situation, and with ionization from cosmic rays or the CERN particle beam.
Baltics’ External Balance: Still a Constraint?

The Baltic countries, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, are regarded as the quintessential boom-busters, with their economies having witnessed an expansion followed by post-crisis contraction that defies any Eurozone comparison in terms of magnitude and abruptness. External finance played a role in driving Baltic growth during the 2000s. The major current account deterioration in the mid-2000s had its counterpart in buoyant cross-border credit flows that allowed the financing of higher rates of domestic investment and consumption. Heavy reliance on external financing was also at the root of the bust phase: the current account reversal coincided with double-digit recessions in all three Baltic economies.
High temperature switching operation of a power diamond Schottky barrier diode

Diamond is considered to be the most promising wide band gap semiconductor material for the fabrication of power switching devices with respect to the figure of merit. The authors have developed a high voltage and high current diamond Schottky barrier diode (SBD). This paper evaluates the static and dynamic electrical performance of the developed diamond SBD as a power switching device. The experimental results obtained under different operating conditions validate the fast switching, unipolar device characteristics, and high temperature operation capability of the developed diamond SBD.
Sox9 coordinates a transcriptional network in pancreatic progenitor cells

During pancreas development, both the exocrine and endocrine lineages differentiate from a common pool of progenitor cells with similarities to mature pancreatic duct cells. A small set of transcription factors, including Tcf2, Onecut1, and Foxa2, has been identified in these pancreatic progenitor cells. The Sry/HMG box transcription factor Sox9 is also expressed in the early pancreatic epithelium and is required for normal pancreatic exocrine and endocrine development in humans. In this study, we found Sox9 in mice specifically expressed with the other progenitor transcription factors in both pancreatic progenitor cells and duct cells in the adult pancreas. Sox9 directly bound to all three genes in vitro and in intact cells, and regulated their expression. In turn, both Foxa2 and Tcf2 regulated Sox9 expression, demonstrating feedback circuits between these genes. Furthermore, Sox9 activated the expression of the proendocrine factor Neurogenin3, which also depends on the other members of the progenitor transcription network. These studies indicate that Sox9 plays a dual role in pancreatic progenitor cells: both maintaining a stable transcriptional network and supporting the programs by which these cells differentiate into distinct lineages.
Structural basis of the rind disorder oleocellosis in Washington navel orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck).

Oleocellosis, a physiological rind disorder of citrus fruit, is an unattractive surface blemish caused by phytotoxic effects of released rind oils. The development of oleocellosis in Washington navel orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) was examined by following a time sequence of surface symptoms and microscopic rind changes. The two natural causes of oleocellosis were simulated: mechanical damage to the fruit and transfer of rind oil between fruit. Mechanical fruit injury resulted in rupture of the epidermis above oil glands. Released surface oil appeared to infiltrate the rind via the ruptured epidermis resulting in rapid degeneration of cortical, but not epidermal, cell contents. Oil application to the rind surface produced a more severe blemish than did mechanical damage. The oil appeared to diffuse through the cuticle causing degeneration of the contents of all cell layers, including the epidermis. Loss of membrane integrity was detected within 30 min, followed by cell content degeneration and cell collapse. The resulting blemish, characterized by rind collapse and darkening, developed substantially within 3 d and was attributed to the cellular damage.
Multiplexed quantification of estrogen receptor and HER2/Neu in tissue and cell lysates by peptide immunoaffinity enrichment mass spectrometry

Access to a wider range of quantitative protein assays would significantly impact the number and use of tissue markers in guiding disease treatment. Quantitative mass spectrometry‐based peptide and protein assays, such as immuno‐SRM assays, have seen tremendous growth in recent years in application to protein quantification in biological fluids such as plasma or urine. Here, we extend the capability of the technique by demonstrating the application of a multiplexed immuno‐SRM assay for quantification of estrogen receptor (ER) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) levels in cell line lysates and human surgical specimens. The performance of the assay was characterized using peptide response curves, with linear ranges covering approximately four orders of magnitude and limits of detection in the low fmol/mg lysate range. Reproducibility was acceptable with median coefficients of variation of approximately 10%. We applied the assay to measurements of ER and HER2 in well‐characterized cell line lysates with good discernment based on ER/HER2 status. Finally, the proteins were measured in surgically resected breast cancers, and the results showed good correlation with ER/HER2 status determined by clinical assays. This is the first implementation of the peptide‐based immuno‐SRM assay technology in cell lysates and human surgical specimens.