Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory Animal Models of Parkinson’s Disease

Accumulating evidence suggests that microglia and peripheral immune cells may play determinant roles in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Consequently, there is a need to take advantage of immune-related models of PD to study the potential contribution of microglia and peripheral immune cells to the degeneration of the nigrostriatal system and help develop potential therapies for PD. In this review, we have summarised the main PD immune models. From a historical perspective, we highlight first the main features of intranigral injections of different pro-inflammogens, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), thrombin, neuromelanin, etc. The use of adenoviral vectors to promote microglia-specific overexpression of different molecules in the ventral mesencephalon, including α-synuclein, IL-1β, and TNF, are also presented and briefly discussed. Finally, we summarise different models associated with peripheral inflammation whose contribution to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is now an outstanding question. Illustrative examples included systemic LPS administration and dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in rodents.
Analysis of Complementary Sex-Determiner (csd) Allele Diversity in Different Honeybee Subspecies from Italy Based on NGS Data

Sexual regulation in Apis mellifera is controlled by the complementary sex-determiner (csd) gene: females (queens and workers) are heterozygous at this locus and males (drones) are hemizygous. When homozygous diploid drones develop, they are eaten by worker bees. High csd allelic diversity in honeybee populations is a priority for colony survival. The focus of this study is to investigate csd variability in the genomic sequence of the hypervariable region (HVR) of the csd gene in honeybee subspecies sampled in Italy. During the summer of 2017 and 2018, worker bees belonging to 125 colonies were sampled. The honeybees belonged to seven different A. mellifera subspecies: A. m. ligustica, A. m. sicula, A. m cecropia, A. m. carnica, A. m. mellifera, Buckfast and hybrid Carnica. Illumina genomic resequencing of all samples was performed and used for the characterization of global variability among colonies. In this work, a pipeline using existing resequencing data to explore the csd gene allelic variants present in the subspecies collection, based on de novo assembly of sequences falling within the HVR region, is described. On the whole, 138 allelic sequences were successfully reconstructed. Among these, 88 different alleles were identified, 68 of which match with csd alleles present in the NCBI GenBank database.
A Novel Carrier Loop Based on Coarse-to-Fine Weighted Adaptive Kalman Filter for Weak Communication-Positioning Integrated Signal

We propose a communication-navigation integrated signal (CPIS), which is superimposed on the communication signal with power that does not affect the communication service, and realizes high-precision indoor positioning in a mobile communication network. Due to the occlusion of indoor obstacles and the power limitation of the positioning signal, existing carrier loop algorithms have large tracking errors in weak signal environments, which limits the positioning performance of the receiver in a complex environment. The carrier loop based on Kalman filtering (KF) has a good performance in respect of weak signals. However, the carrier frequency error of acquisition under weak signals is large, and the KF loop cannot converge quickly. Moreover, the KF algorithm based on fixed noise covariance increases or diverges in filtering error in complex environments. In this paper, a coarse-to-fine weighted adaptive Kalman filter (WAKF)-based carrier loop algorithm is proposed to solve the above problems of the receiver. In the coarse tracking stage, acquisition error reduction and bit synchronization are realized, and then a carrier loop based on Sage–Husa adaptive filtering is entered. Considering the shortcomings of the filter divergence caused by the negative covariance matrix of Sage–Husa in the filter update process, the weighted factor is given and UD decomposition is introduced to suppress the filtering divergence and improve the filtering accuracy. The simulation and actual environment test results show that the tracking sensitivity of the proposed algorithm is better than that based on the Sage–Husa adaptive filtering algorithm. In addition, compared with the weighted Sage–Husa AKF algorithm, the coarse-to-fine WAKF-based carrier loop algorithm converges faster.
Gastrointestinal Involvement in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

SARS-CoV-2 has evolved into a virus that primarily results in mild or asymptomatic disease, making its transmission more challenging to control. In addition to the respiratory tract, SARS-CoV-2 also infects the digestive tract. Some gastrointestinal symptoms occur with or before respiratory symptoms in patients with COVID-19. Respiratory infections are known to cause intestinal immune impairment and gastrointestinal symptoms. When the intestine is inflamed, cytokines affect the lung immune response and inflammation through blood circulation. The gastrointestinal microbiome may be a modifiable factor in determining the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity. The development of oral SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates and the maintenance of gut microbiota profiles may contribute to the early control of COVID-19 outbreaks. To this end, this review summarizes information on the gastrointestinal complications caused by SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 infection, the gastrointestinal–lung axis immune response, potential control strategies for oral vaccine candidates and maintaining intestinal microbiota homeostasis.
Narratives of coercive precarity experienced by mothers seeking asylum in the UK (Wales)

ABSTRACT This paper explores the impact of the UK’s racialized asylum system on mothers and their children. Asylum-seeking mothers in the UK are treated with hostility and suspicion and prohibited from basic socio-economic rights such as employment yet must also raise their children within this hostile environment. In this paper, based on a Thematic Narrative Analysis of interviews with refugee and asylum-seeking mothers in Wales, we argue that legalized hostility and exclusion are systemic coercive control. Using theories of social reproduction and coercive control, we explore the emotional and psychological impact of coercion on four women and show how this systemic coercive control leads to both the fracturing of families and the fracturing of motherhood. Through the analysis of asylum-seeking mothers’ experiences, we show that the coercion exerted on the women has direct and indirect impacts on their children through deprivation, isolation and fractured relationships.
Laser Ablation of NiFe2O4 and CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles

Pulsed laser ablation in liquids was utilized to prepare NiFe2O4 (NFO) and CoFe2O4 (CFO) nanoparticles from ceramic targets. The morphology, crystallinity, composition, and particle size distribution of the colloids were investigated. We were able to identify decomposition products formed during the laser ablation process in water. Attempts to fractionate the nanoparticles using the high-gradient magnetic separation method were performed. The nanoparticles with crystallite sizes in the range of 5–100 nm possess superparamagnetic behavior and approximately 20 Am2/kg magnetization at room temperature. Their ability to absorb light in the visible range makes them potential candidates for catalysis applications in chemical reactions and in biomedicine.
Are Malware Detection Classifiers Adversarially Vulnerable to Actor-Critic based Evasion Attacks?

Android devices like smartphones and tablets have become immensely popular and are an integral part of our daily lives. However, it has also attracted malware developers to design android malware which have grown aggressively in the last few years. Research shows that machine learning, ensemble, and deep learning models can successfully be used to detect android malware. However, the robustness of these models against well-crafted adversarial samples is not well investigated. Therefore, we first stepped into the adversaries’ shoes and proposed the ACE attack that adds limited perturbations in malicious applications such that they are forcefully misclassified as benign and remain undetected by di ff erent malware detection models. The ACE agent is designed based on an actor-critic architecture that uses reinforcement learning to add perturbations (maximum ten) while maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the adversarial malicious applications. The proposed attack is validated against twenty-two di ff erent malware detection models based on two feature sets and eleven di ff erent classification algorithms. The ACE attack accomplished an average fooling rate (with maximum of ten perturbations) of 46 . 63% across eleven permission based malware detection models and 95 . 31% across eleven intent based detection models. The attack forced a massive number of misclassifications that led to an average accuracy drop of 18 . 07% and 36 . 62% in the above permission and intent based malware detection models. Later we also design a defense mechanism using the adversarial retraining strategy, which uses adversarial malware samples with correct class labels to retrain the models. The defense mechanism improves the average accuracy by 24 . 88% and 76 . 51% for the eleven permission and eleven intent based malware detection models. In conclusion, we found that malware detection models based on machine learning, ensemble, and deep learning perform poorly against adversarial samples. Thus malware detection models should be investigated for vulnerabilities and mitigated to enhance their overall forensic knowledge and adversarial robustness.
Nanostructured Materials for Water Purification: Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions and Organic Dyes

Chemical water pollution poses a threat to human beings and ecological systems. The purification of water to remove toxic organic and inorganic pollutants is essential for a safe society and a clean environment. Adsorption-based water treatment is considered one of the most effective and economic technologies designed to remove toxic substances. In this article, we review the recent progress in the field of nanostructured materials used for water purification, particularly those used for the adsorption of heavy metal ions and organic dyes. This review includes a range of nanostructured materials such as metal-based nanoparticles, polymer-based nanomaterials, carbon nanomaterials, bio-mass materials, and other types of nanostructured materials. Finally, the current challenges in the fields of adsorption of toxic materials using nanostructured materials are briefly discussed.
De-Bonding Numerical Characterization and Detection in Aeronautic Multi-Element Spars

Structural health monitoring has multifold aims. Concerning composite structures, the main objectives are perhaps reducing costs by shifting from scheduled to on-demand maintenance and reducing weight by removing redundant precautions as the insertion of chicken fasteners to for ensuring joint safety in cases of bonding layer fail. Adhesion defects may be classified along different types, for instance distinguishing between glue deficiency or de-bonding. This paper deals with a preliminary numerical characterization of adhesive layer imperfections on a representative aircraft component. The multipart composite spar is made of two plates and two corresponding C-beams, bonded together to form an almost squared boxed section beam. A numerical test campaign was devoted to extract relevant information from different defect layouts and to try to assess some parameters that could describe their peculiarities. A focus was then given to macroscopic evidence of fault effects behavior, as localization, reciprocal interference, impact on structural response, and so on. A proprietary code was finally used to retrieve the presence and size of the imperfections, correlating numerical outcomes with estimations. Activities were performed along OPTICOMS, a European project funded within the Clean Sky 2 Joint Technology Initiative (JTI).
Model Prediksi Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue (Dbd) Berdasarkan Unsur Iklim di Kota Kendari Tahun 2000-2015

Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor, salah satunya adalah faktoriklim. Upaya-upaya pengendalian laju kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue telah dilakukan secara intensifnamun tindakan tersebut belum dapat menekan jumlah penderita DBD secara nasional khususnya diKota Kendari. Model prediksi berdasarkan unsur iklim diharapkan dapat menjadi peringatan dini dalammengantisipasi kejadian DBD. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui model prediksi kejadian DBDberdasarkan korelasi antara unsur iklim (suhu udara rata-rata, kelembaban nisbi, indeks curah hujan,kecepatan angin) dengan kejadian DBD di Kota Kendari tahun 2000-2015. Jenis penelitian inimerupakan studi ekologi atau studi korelasi populasi. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan uji korelasi Pearsonmenunjukkan terdapat korelasi positif lemah dan tidak bermakna antara suhu udara rata-rata dengankejadian DBD di Kota Kendari Tahun 2000-2015 (r=0,230; p>0,05), korelasi positif sedang dan bermaknaantara kelembaban nisbi dengan kejadian DBD di Kota Kendari tahun 2000-2015 (r=0,439; p 0,05). Model prediksi yangdiperoleh dari analisis regresi linear yaitu Ln(Kejadian DBD+0,5)= -42,831+0,756*suhu udara ratarata+0,303*kelembaban nisbi (R2=24,1%) dengan semua asumsi regresi linear terpenuhi.Direkomendasikan kepada Dinas Kesehatan Kota Kendari agar bekerja sama dengan BMKG dan instansilainnya dalam perencanaan dan pelaksanaan program pencegahan dan pengendalian penyakit DBD diKota Kendari. Kata Kunci: Model Prediksi, Kejadian DBD, Unsur Iklim
Emancipation Life Paths of Portuguese Cigano/Roma Women

In Portuguese society, some Cigano/Roma women, during their life paths, distance themselves from the Cigano cultural tradition, particularly in regard to marriage, schooling, employment and social life. On the one hand, there is a feeling of attachment to traditional values as family pressure to marry or in relation to gender differentiation; on the other hand, these women express a desire for empowerment autonomy and emancipation in order to draw up their own trajectories and life projects. The results obtained with 21 in-depth interviews, 10 women and 11 men, indicate that Cigano women face greater difficulties with regard to early and inbred marriage and are more prone to be victims of family and domestic violence, but they are also the main drivers of change and social transformation of Cigano/Roma families.
JSQE: Joint Surveillance Quality and Energy Conservation for Barrier Coverage in WSNs

Barrier coverage is a fundamental issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Most existing works have developed centralized algorithms and applied the Boolean Sensing Model (BSM). However, the critical characteristics of sensors and environmental conditions have been neglected, which leads to the problem that the developed mechanisms are not practical, and their performance shows a large difference in real applications. On the other hand, the centralized algorithms also lack scalability and flexibility when the topologies of WSNs are dynamically changed. Based on the Elfes Sensing Model (ESM), this paper proposes a distributed Joint Surveillance Quality and Energy Conservation mechanism (JSQE), which aims to satisfy the requirements of the desired surveillance quality and minimize the number of working sensors. The proposed JSQE first evaluates the sensing probability of each sensor and identifies the location of the weakest surveillance quality. Then, the JSQE further schedules the sensor with the maximum contribution to the bottleneck location to improve the overall surveillance quality. Extensive experiment results show that our proposed JSQE outperforms the existing studies in terms of surveillance quality, the number of working sensors, and the efficiency and fairness of surveillance quality. In particular, the JSQE improves the surveillance quality by 15% and reduces the number of awake sensors by 22% compared with the relevant TOBA.
Turbulence characteristics in a weir-orifice-slot combined fishway with an identical layout

A combined fishway containing notched weir, central orifice and vertical slot with an identical layout was designed, and its turbulence characteristics were experimentally studied. An acoustic Doppler velocimetry (ADV) was used to measure three-dimensional velocity. Flow regime, average velocity, turbulence intensity, Reynolds stress, power frequency-spectrum, correlation function, turbulence scale were analysed. The experimental results showed the combined fishway was of remarkable three-dimensional flow structures. Longitudinal velocity exhibited obvious extreme value region on the horizontal plane. Extreme values of longitudinal turbulence intensity were concentrated mainly on the mixing region between weir flow and orifice jet, as well as the vertical slot wall jet region, extreme value region of transverse turbulence intensity occurred on the central plane of orifice jet, and extreme values of vertical turbulence intensity were scattered. Reynolds stress extreme value occurred mainly in the convergent zone of multiple jets. Dominant frequency of power frequency-spectrum was highest for notched weir and lowest for vertical slot. Longitudinal velocity fluctuation exhibited a correlation with time, which was characterised by dominant frequency. Turbulence scales showed eddy structures were related to flow zones.
Comparison of Auditory Outcomes between Inpatient- and Outpatient-Based Treatment in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Objective: The primary treatment for sudden hearing loss is high-dose steroid therapy. In some countries, hospitalization has been taken for granted. Although most countries appear to treat sudden hearing loss on an outpatient basis, some other countries have considered hospitalization as necessary. Only a few studies have been conducted on the effect of hospitalization on hearing outcomes. Therefore, we compared the hearing outcome of inpatient- and outpatient-based treatments to determine whether hospitalization affects the recovery of sudden hearing loss. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case review of patients diagnosed with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). In total, 439 patients with SSNHL were enrolled and categorized as either inpatients (group I) or outpatients (group O). Pure-tone audiometry was initially performed before the treatment and 3 months post-treatment. “Recovery” was defined as a hearing gain of 15 dB HL and a final hearing of better than 25 dB. “No recovery” was defined as an improvement of hearing gain of <15 dB 3 months after treatment. To exclude the effect of the level of pretreatment hearing loss, we divided the patients into three subgroups based on their hearing level: <40 dB, 40–70 dB, and >70 dB. To assess the effect of the treatment modality, the patients were divided into three treatment subgroups: systemic steroids (SS), intratympanic steroids (ITS), and a combination of both (SS and ITS). Results: The pretreatment hearing level was significantly higher in group I (61.5 ± 25.4 dB) than in group O (50.3 ± 23.0 dB; p < 0.05). The hearing gain was significantly higher in group I (33.3 ± 24.4 dB) than in group O (24.0 ± 21.8 dB; p < 0.05). The “Recovery” ratio was significantly higher in group I (70.2%) than in group O (63.1%) (p < 0.05). A repeated measures ANOVA was performed to assess the statistical differences between hospitalization, treatment modalities, and pretreatment subgroups. The inpatient group showed a significant hearing improvement in all SSNHL patients (p < 0.05). There was a significant hearing improvement in the inpatient group with pretreatment hearing <40 and 40–70 dB (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the inpatient and outpatient groups in pretreatment hearing >70 dB (p > 0.05). Conclusions: This retrospective study showed that inpatient treatment for sudden hearing loss is more beneficial for hearing improvement than outpatient treatment. The positive effect of inpatient treatment appears to be significant in patients with a pretreatment hearing level of 70 dB or less.
Photoexcited electron dynamics and energy loss rate in silicon: temperature dependence and main scattering channels

In this work, we revisit the DFT-based results for the electron-phonon scattering in highly excited silicon. Using state-of-the-art ab initio methods, we examine the main scattering channels which contribute to the total electron-phonon scattering rate and to the energy loss rate of photoexcited electrons in silicon as well as their temperature dependence. Both temperature dependence and the main scattering channels are shown to strongly differ for the total electron-phonon scattering rate and for the energy loss rate of photoexcited electrons. Whereas the total electron-phonon scattering rate increases strongly with temperature, the temperature dependence of the energy loss rate is negligible. Also, while acoustic phonons dominate the total electron-phonon scattering rate at 300 K, the main contribution to the energy loss rate comes from optical modes.
Body Image Dissatisfaction as a Risk Factor for Postpartum Depression

Background and Objectives: Pregnancy and postpartum are periods that imply numerous physical and psychological changes that could lead to mental health consequences. The aim of the present study is to identify whether women who had body image dissatisfaction had a higher incidence of postpartum depression 6 months after birth than women who did not have body image dissatisfaction. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed with a sample of 450 women from two hospitals in Andalusia. Quantitative variables were age and scores on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) for body image dissatisfaction. The qualitative variables used were marital status, self-perceived health status, diet or physical exercise, type of delivery, and others. Results: Body dissatisfaction was positively correlated with the symptomatology of postpartum depression. Thus, for each point increased in body dissatisfaction, the occurrence of depression also increased. There was a relationship between the study variables, so women who were more dissatisfied with their body image were more frequently depressed. Conclusions: In conclusion, it can be established that postpartum depression seems to be related to the presence of poor body image.