Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How are Students’ Reflective Thinking for Problem Solving?

Mathematics students with a reflective thinking tend to have self-confidence in solving mathematics easily. In recent years, however, there have not been the results of the researches that classify students’ reflective thinking for solving non-routine questions of Analytical Geometry questions, in particular. The present research paper reveals the new classification of the students’ reflective thinking for solving the problems. These are solving Analytical Geometry which can cause the students’ confusion to apply their reflective thinking. The classification of the study comprises four components. It employed a descriptive-qualitative approach. The amounts of the subjects were 21 out of 140 students who used their reflective thinking for solving questions. The data collection consisted of test, observation, and in-depth interview. The data validation employed a method triangulation technique. The results of the study show there are three classification of reflective thinking, namely: assumptive, virtual, and connective. The three classifications differ in the way they deal with confusion. Meanwhile, the three classifications have similarities. The students tended to use all of the reflective thinking components although there were a few indicators that were not realized maximally. These were making a plan before solving the problems, using an efficient way, and relating among concepts. The factor is students play an inactive role or low active in reflective thinking. Moreover, they think that the most important thing is answering the questions correctly and they do not understand the purposes of the problem. Therefore, the students need to get the treatments.
Can incomplete knowledge of species’ physiology facilitate ecological niche modelling? A case study with virtual species

Ecological niche modelling (ENM) is widely used in biogeography and conservation studies. The performance of ENM is influenced by the quality of species’ presence and absence datasets. Presences may include marginal localities, and absences are usually difficult to collect. We evaluated the use of species’ physiological limits to improve selection of presences and absences for ENM in a virtual species framework with defined response functions as surrogates for physiological knowledge.
Aperiodic Neural Activity is a Better Predictor of Schizophrenia than Neural Oscillations

Diagnosis and symptom severity in schizophrenia are associated with irregularities across neural oscillatory frequency bands, including theta, alpha, beta, and gamma. However, electroencephalographic signals consist of both periodic and aperiodic activity characterized by the (1/fX) shape in the power spectrum. In this paper, we investigated oscillatory and aperiodic activity differences between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls during a target detection task. Separation into periodic and aperiodic components revealed that the steepness of the power spectrum better-predicted group status than traditional band-limited oscillatory power in classification analysis. Aperiodic activity also outperformed the predictions made using participants’ behavioral responses. Additionally, the differences in aperiodic activity were highly consistent across all electrodes. In sum, compared to oscillations the aperiodic activity appears to be a more accurate and more robust way to differentiate patients with schizophrenia from healthy controls.
Public-Private Co-Lending: Evidence from Syndicated Corporate Loans

Abstract Co-lending by private-sector and government-owned lenders accounts for over one-tenth of all syndicated-loan funding to corporate borrowers from 1980 to 2010. Co-lending is often rationalized as a mean to impose market discipline on government-owned lenders. We investigate whether that is really the case, or whether political distortions affect “mixed” syndicates including both private and government-owned lenders. We find that mixed syndicates allocate more loans to government-connected firms than private syndicates do. Further, loans from mixed syndicates have lower spreads, longer maturities, less collateral, and fewer covenants. Terms are most favorable when borrowers are “connected. ” Firms borrowing from mixed syndicates show a decline in profitability and valuation in subsequent years, suggesting loans are inefficiently allocated. The evidence is consistent with political distortions in mixed lending. Results are driven by domestic government lenders: loan by syndicates including foreign government-owned lenders resemble more closely private-sector loans, both in allocation and loan terms.
ArchiRev—Reverse engineering of information systems toward ArchiMate models. An industrial case study

In the context of digital transformation, companies are increasingly forced to develop, manage and continually align IT and business. Companies have found in Enterprise Architecture (EA) a valuable tool to represent and manage IT and business in a holistic way by establishing connections among technology concerns and business/strategical/motivational ones. EA modelling is one of the most critical tasks in this context to represent accurate models that make the difference in the decision‐making and governance processes of the company. In most of the cases, EA models are manually defined by experts which is usually error‐prone and time‐consuming. Thus, the constant business and IT realignment through manual modelling becomes complex and expensive. This research presents ArchiRev, an extensible reverse engineering method that automate the extraction of EA models (using ArchiMate language) by analysing different information systems artefacts. This proposal has been validated through an industrial case study in the context of a C#‐based system of an Italian ship refurbishment company. The study has demonstrated the effectiveness (based in the opinion of some business experts) and efficiency of the method. The main implication is that EA modelling can be accelerated, whereas subjectivity and errors introduced by experts might be reduced.
Trends in alcohol consumption among older adults in Denmark in the 21st century

Background: Previous studies have indicated that the alcohol consumption among older Danish individuals has increased during the last three decades of the 20th century. However, the research is limited and, hence, the aim of the present article is to describe the trends and peculiarities in the development of the present situation in older people’s drinking patterns in Denmark. Methods: Data were obtained from the Danish Health and Morbidity Survey (2005) and the Danish National Health Survey (2010, 2013, and 2017). Data used in this study were collected via self-administered questionnaires from random samples of the adult (≥ 16 years) Danish population. Response rates varied between 50.8% (2005) and 59.5% (2010). Drinking patterns are described using the following indicators: alcohol consumption during the past 12 months; alcohol consumption at least two days a week; mean number of standard drinks consumed in a typical week and heavy episodic drinking (at least monthly). Results are presented as percentages or means. Results: The prevalence of overall 12-month alcohol use in all individuals aged 60 years or older has slightly increased between 2010 (83.9%) and 2017 (85.2%). On the other hand, the prevalence of consuming alcohol at least twice a week has overall decreased slightly between 2010 (54.0%) and 2017 (52.0%) in the same age group. A decrease was also observed in the mean number of standard drinks consumed in a typical week, from 8.3 in 2010 to 7.0 in 2017. Additionally, the prevalence of consuming at least five standard drinks on one occasion at least monthly decreased markedly from 24.8% in 2005 to 14.8% in 2013 (the prevalence remained stable between 2013 and 2017). The trends in prevalence of various alcohol indicators varied by sex and age. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest an overall decline in alcohol consumption among older Danes in the study period. The continuation of this trend will be the subject of future studies.
Influences of Peer Assessment Types on Performance and Students’ Perspectives on Online Peer Assessment

This paper reports on a study involving the design of online peer assessment (PA) activities to support university students’ small-group project-based learning in an introductory course. The study aimed to investigate the influences of different types of PA in terms of the rubric (quantitative ratings), peer feedback (qualitative comments) and hybrid (a combination of the rubric and peer feedback) on students’ project performance, and to explore further students’ perspectives on online PA. The quantitative findings suggested that (a) students in the hybrid condition likely had better project performance than those in the peer feedback condition did, and (b) students in the rubric condition could perform equally well as those in both of the hybrid and peer feedback conditions. The qualitative findings suggested that besides types of assessment, other possible confounding variables that might affect performance included perceived learning benefits, professional assessment, acceptance, and the online PA system.
Whole-Life Career Self-Management: A Conceptual Framework

Contemporary careers require flexible career self-management across the life span that takes work and nonwork roles into account. However, existing models of career self-management do not focus on how work and nonwork life domains interact in this process and work–life research largely neglected a careers perspective. To address this issue, we present a new theoretical framework of career self-management that considers the intersection of work and nonwork roles. Our model integrates insights from career self-management, action regulation, and the work–nonwork interface to propose how goals, action plans, and behaviors across work and nonwork roles are dynamically linked and how these processes lead to career satisfaction, work–life balance, and psychological well-being, affected by contextual and personal role expectations and resources and barriers. Our framework has implications for the theoretical understanding of career self-management, the work–life interface, a whole-life perspective on career development, and contextual factors in career development across the life span.
Antioxidant Activity of the Successive Extracts of Caesalpinia Pulcherrima Leaves

Plants are the best source of active secondary metabolites which are beneficial to mankind. Many plant origin drugs have been reported with biological properties like Analgesic, Antiinflammatory, Antioxidant, hypoglycemic agents and many more. The successive extracts of Caesalpinia pulcherrima leaves were screened for in vitro antioxidant properties using the standard procedures. The successive extracts such as petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol and water and 50 % crude methanol extracts exhibited IC50 values of respectively in DPPH and respectively in nitric oxide radical inhibition assays. The values are comparable with the standards such as ascorbic acid and quercetin. The Caesalpinia pulcherrima leaves are showing antioxidant activity.
Effects of Heavy Metals on Agronomic Attributes of Some Selected Cereal Crops (Zea mays and Sorghum bicolor)

Aims: To investigate the effect of Heavy metals on the growth of Zea mays (Z. mays) and Sorghum bicolour (S. bicolour). Study Design: Laboratory-experimental design was used in this study. Place of Study: The heavy metal polluted soil samples were collected from Crush Rock Industries Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, while control soil samples were obtained from the Zoological Garden of the Department of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology. Methodology: The seeds of the two plants were collected from the Enugu State Ministry of Agriculture. The experimental setup consisted of 16 contaminated potted soils, 8 each for Z. mays and S. bicolor. Another 8 potted soils not contaminated with heavy metals served as control. Fourteen days after germination, the following growth parameters were measured (in cm); plant heights, number of leaves, stem girth, and leaf area. Results: The polluted soil sample was slightly acidic; (pH was 6.34±0.29). It had a higher cation exchange capacity (21.80±0.33), Cd (25.18±0.34), Cr (10.20±0.21), Cu (28.54±0.49), Pb Original Research Article Ameh et al.; JALSI, 23(9): 24-30, 2020; Article no.JALSI. 60139 25 (9.92±0.36), but lesser soil organic carbon (0.87±0.10). Plant samples cultivated in contaminated soil showed the least favourable vegetative growth. Conclusion: Comparing the results obtained from the control sample, it was deduced that these heavy metals have adverse effect on the vegetative growth of Z. mays and S. bicolor.
Observed Sensitivity of Low-Cloud Radiative Effects to Meteorological Perturbations over the Global Oceans

Understanding how marine low clouds and their radiative effects respond to changing meteorological conditions is crucial to constrain low-cloud feedbacks to greenhouse warming and internal climate variability. In this study, we use observations to quantify the low-cloud radiative response to meteorological perturbations over the global oceans to shed light on physical processes governing low-cloud and planetary radiation budget variability in different climate regimes. We assess the independent effect of perturbations in sea surface temperature, estimated inversion strength, horizontal surface temperature advection, 700-hPa relative humidity, 700-hPa vertical velocity, and near-surface wind speed. Stronger inversions and stronger cold advection greatly enhance low-level cloudiness and planetary albedo in eastern ocean stratocumulus and midlatitude regimes. Warming of the sea surface drives pronounced reductions of eastern ocean stratocumulus cloud amount and optical depth, and hence reflectivity, but has a weaker and more variable impact on low clouds in the tropics and middle latitudes. By reducing entrainment drying, higher free-tropospheric relative humidity enhances low-level cloudiness. At low latitudes, where cold advection destabilizes the boundary layer, stronger winds enhance low-level cloudiness; by contrast, wind speed variations have weak influence at midlatitudes where warm advection frequently stabilizes the marine boundary layer, thus inhibiting vertical mixing. These observational constraints provide a framework for understanding and evaluating marine low-cloud feedbacks and their simulation by models.
A study of pedagogical leadership plans in early childhood education settings in Finland.

Background: Current research on early childhood education (ECE) leadership as well as on policy reform in Finland suggests that pedagogical leadership must be considered as a purposeful and planned process. Pedagogical leadership plans play a key role in the purposeful and effective enactment of pedagogical leadership in ECE settings.Aim: This study aimed at examining the contents of pedagogical leadership plans drawn up in Finnish ECE centres to interpret the perceptions of the centre directors on the implementation of pedagogical leadership in their settings.Setting: This study examines pedagogical leadership plans in ECE settings in Finland.Methods: We used inductive content analysis to examine documents drawn up by nine ECE centre directors as pedagogical leadership plans for their centres. Our analysis identified four main categories that describe how the ECE centre directors conceive the enactment of pedagogical leadership.Results: The findings revealed that the focus of the plans was on leading pedagogical issues and processes within the ECE centres. Creating structures for pedagogical development and reflection were emphasised in the plans. The plans reflected a distributed leadership approach.Conclusion: The findings of the study provide information about how the ECE directors intend to enact pedagogical leadership and assist ECE leaders to develop leadership planning in their work settings. In this way, the study contributes to leadership development within the ECE sector.
Sensing-HH: A Deep Hybrid Attention Model for Footwear Recognition

The human gait pattern is an emerging biometric trait for user identification of smart devices. However, one of the challenges in this biometric domain is the gait pattern change caused by footwear, especially if the users are wearing high heels (HH). Wearing HH puts extra stress and pressure on various parts of the human body and it alters the wearer’s common gait pattern, which may cause difficulties in gait recognition. In this paper, we propose the Sensing-HH, a deep hybrid attention model for recognizing the subject’s shoes, flat or different types of HH, using smartphone’s motion sensors. In this model, two streams of convolutional and bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) networks are designed as the backbone, which extract the hierarchical spatial and temporal representations of accelerometer and gyroscope individually. We also introduce a spatio attention mechanism into the stacked convolutional layers to scan the crucial structure of the data. This mechanism enables the hybrid neural networks to capture extra information from the signal and thus it is able to significantly improve the discriminative power of the classifier for the footwear recognition task. To evaluate Sensing-HH, we built a dataset with 35 young females, each of whom walked for 4 min wearing shoes with varied heights of the heels. We conducted extensive experiments and the results demonstrated that the Sensing-HH outperformed the baseline models on leave-one-subject-out cross-validation (LOSO-CV). The Sensing-HH achieved the best Fm score, which was 0.827 when the smartphone was attached to the waist. This outperformed all the baseline methods at least by more than 14%. Meanwhile, the F1 Score of the Ultra HH was as high as 0.91. The results suggest the proposed model has made the footwear recognition more efficient and automated. We hope the findings from this study paves the way for a more sophisticated application using data from motion sensors, as well as lead to a path to a more robust biometric system based on gait pattern.
Profiling Actions for Sport Video Summarization: An attention signal analysis

Currently, in broadcast companies many human operators select which actions should belong to the summary based on multiple rules they have built upon their own experience using different sources of information. These rules define the different profiles of actions of interest that help the operator to generate better customized summaries. Most of these profiles do not directly rely on broadcast video content but rather exploit metadata describing the course of the match. In this paper, we show how the signals produced by the attention layer of a recurrent neural network can be seen as a learned representation of these action profiles and provide a new tool to support operators’ work. The results in soccer matches show the capacity of our approach to transfer knowledge between datasets from different broadcasting companies, from different leagues, and the ability of the attention layer to learn meaningful action profiles.
Impact of insect‐resistant transgenic rice on above‐ground non‐target arthropods in Korea

Transgenic rice (Bt‐T event) shows resistance against rice leaf roller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) by expressing a toxic protein (mCry1Ac1) mediated from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. Environmental risk assessment of Bt‐T event, in addition to the parent variety Dongjin‐byeo and cultivar Ilmi‐byeo, was performed during the rice cultivation seasons of 2016 and 2017 at LMO quarantine fields in Gunwi and Jeonju, Korea. Non‐target arthropods (insects and spiders) were captured using an aspirator from the three rice ecosystems of both locations, and in total 39,734 individuals of 57 families and 11 orders were collected. The numbers of individuals collected from the Bt‐T, Dongjin‐byeo and Ilmi‐byeo rice ecosystems were 12,899, 12,730, and 14,105, respectively, which did not differ significantly among rice ecosystems. The dominance, diversity, evenness, and richness indices of the collected insects were not statistically different among the rice ecosystems, but significant variations between the two locations and survey years were detected. Principal component analysis showed that insects and spiders in the Bt‐T, Dongjin‐byeo, and Ilmi‐byeo rice ecosystems were separated by the study locations and years irrespective of rice variety. In conclusion, results obtained in two consecutive years from two non‐genetically modified rice ecosystems and a Bt‐T rice ecosystem showed that the Bt‐T rice had no significant negative impacts on the above‐ground insect and spider communities.
Exploring the Mechanism of Icariin in Osteoporosis Based on a Network Pharmacology Strategy

Background With the aging of the world’s population, the incidence of osteoporosis (OP) has become a public health problem of worldwide concern. Research shows that icariin may have a therapeutic effect on OP. Material/Methods PharmMapper was utilized to predict the potential targets of icariin. GeneCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) were used for the collection of OP genes. The STRING database was utilized to obtain the protein-protein interaction (PPI) data. We used Cytoscape 3.7. 2 to construct and analyze the networks. The genes and targets in the networks were input into the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) to undergo Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis. Finally, animal experiments were performed to verify the prediction results of this study. Results A total of 297 icariin potential targets and 262 OP genes were obtained, and an icariin-OP PPI network was constructed and analyzed. The results of the GO enrichment analysis showed that icariin can regulate the steroid hormone-mediated signaling pathway, skeletal system development, extracellular space, cytosol, and steroid hormone receptor activity. The results of the pathway enrichment analysis showed that icariin can regulate osteoclast differentiation, FoxO, estrogen, and PPAR signaling pathways. The results of the experiments showed that icariin can increase estradiol, β-catenin, and Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κ B Ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio in postmenopausal OP rats (P<0.05). Conclusions This research found that the icariin can regulate OP-related biological processes, cell components, molecular functions, and signaling pathways.
Influence of NOM on the Stability of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Ecotoxicity Tests

Nanomaterials are known to aggregate in the presence of ions. Similarly, the aggregation of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) exposed to various ions such as sodium chloride and calcium chloride in water systems increases with the ionic strength. Therefore, for accurate toxicity studies, it is necessary to conduct a test using natural organic matters (NOMs) as additional dispersants that strengthen stability with increased repulsive forces. The three types of ecotoxicity tests based on the dispersion stability test using NOM showed that the toxicities of the three test samples decreased in the presence of NOM. To determine how NOM improved dispersion and reduced toxicities, we analyzed the ionization degree of ZnO NPs with and without NOM and found that the solubility was below 2 mg/L with a negligible change over time, implying that the ionization effect was low. The absolute value of the surface charge of particles increased in the presence of NOM, resulting in increased repulsive electrostatic forces and steric hindrance, causing less aggregation and more dispersion. Additionally, although the NOM used in the test is considered an effective dispersant that does not have a toxicological effect on aquatic organisms, the presence of NOM resulted in reduced toxicities and should be further investigated to establish it as a standard test method.