Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factor structure of a male involvement index to increase the effectiveness of prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) programs: revised male involvement index

ABSTRACT Male involvement in the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) during pregnancy is encouraged, but the accuracy of its measurement has not been established. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to establish the factor structure of an index of male involvement in PMTCT. Using a structured questionnaire, 1369 HIV positive pregnant women and 522 male partners were recruited in rural Mpumalanga, South Africa. A principal component analysis with varimax rotation yielded two components accounting for 49.9% of the variance. The first factor, named Communication-Based Male Involvement and addressing partner discussions about prenatal, HIV, birth and postnatal issue, accounted for 39.8% of the variance. The second, named Action-Based Male Involvement and addressed partner awareness and actions, and information provided during antenatal visits, financial support, and attendance to visits, accounted for 10.1% of the variance. Given the low rates of male involvement participation in antenatal care, interventions are needed to increase male involvement. However, a method of quantifying male partner participation was needed to assess the effectiveness of such interventions. We hope that the Revised Male Involvement Index will stimulate further research in this area, thus increasing the effectiveness of PMTCT programs aimed at increasing male partner involvement.
Remote assessment in sport and exercise medicine (SEM): a narrative review and teleSEM solutions for and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic

Background The COVID-19 pandemic forces sport and exercise medicine (SEM) physicians to think differently about the clinical care of patients. Many rapidly implement eHealth and telemedicine solutions specific to SEM without guidance on how best to provide these services. Aim The aim of this paper is to present some guiding principles on how to plan for and perform an SEM consultation remotely (teleSEM) based on a narrative review of the literature. A secondary aim is to develop a generic teleSEM injury template. Results eHealth and telemedicine are essential solutions to effective remote patient care, also in SEM. This paper provides guidance for wise planning and delivery of teleSEM. It is crucial for SEM physicians, technology providers and organisations to codesign teleSEM services, ideally involving athletes, coaches and other clinicians involved in the clinical care of athletes, and to gradually implement these services with appropriate support and education. Conclusion teleSEM provides solutions for remote athlete clinical care during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. We define two new terms—eSEM and teleSEM and discuss guiding principles on how to plan for and perform SEM consultations remotely (teleSEM). We provide an example of a generic teleSEM injury assessment guide.
Structural Basis of GLUT1 Inhibition by Cytoplasmic ATP

Cytoplasmic ATP inhibits human erythrocyte glucose transport protein (GLUT1)–mediated glucose transport in human red blood cells by reducing net glucose transport but not exchange glucose transport (Cloherty, E.K., D.L. Diamond, K.S. Heard, and A. Carruthers. 1996. Biochemistry. 35:13231–13239). We investigated the mechanism of ATP regulation of GLUT1 by identifying GLUT1 domains that undergo significant conformational change upon GLUT1–ATP interaction. ATP (but not GTP) protects GLUT1 against tryptic digestion. Immunoblot analysis indicates that ATP protection extends across multiple GLUT1 domains. Peptide-directed antibody binding to full-length GLUT1 is reduced by ATP at two specific locations: exofacial loop 7–8 and the cytoplasmic C terminus. C-terminal antibody binding to wild-type GLUT1 expressed in HEK cells is inhibited by ATP but binding of the same antibody to a GLUT1–GLUT4 chimera in which loop 6–7 of GLUT1 is substituted with loop 6–7 of GLUT4 is unaffected. ATP reduces GLUT1 lysine covalent modification by sulfo-NHS-LC-biotin by 40%. AMP is without effect on lysine accessibility but antagonizes ATP inhibition of lysine modification. Tandem electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis indicates that ATP reduces covalent modification of lysine residues 245, 255, 256, and 477, whereas labeling at lysine residues 225, 229, and 230 is unchanged. Exogenous, intracellular GLUT1 C-terminal peptide mimics ATP modulation of transport whereas C-terminal peptide-directed IgGs inhibit ATP modulation of glucose transport. These findings suggest that transport regulation involves ATP-dependent conformational changes in (or interactions between) the GLUT1 C terminus and the C-terminal half of GLUT1 cytoplasmic loop 6–7.
Keragaman Spesies dan Genetik Bakteri Staphylococcus pada Ikan Tuna dengan Analisis Sekuen 16s rRNA (SPECIES DIVERSITY AND GENETIC OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS BACTERIA IN TUNA FISH BY USING 16S rRNA SEQUENCE ANALYSIS)

Tuna industry belongs to high economic value fish of marine fisheries commodity. Bacteria found intuna might have impact on consumer health. The purpose of this research was to determine the geneticvariation of Staphylococcus in Kedonganan fish market, Kuta, Badung, Bali by sequence analysis of 16SrRNA. Staphylococcus bacteria was isolated from feces samples of 30 tuna. After identification with Gramstaining, Staphylococcus colonies were transferred to the medium chelex 10% for DNA extraction, 16SrRNA gene amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and electrophoresis. PCR results weresequenced, and the sequence obtained was edited using MEGA 5 and then BLAST was applied to confirmthe species. Genetic variation was determined by analysis of polymorphic sites with MEGA 5. The identifiedbacteria were Staphylococcus sciuri and Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Genetic distance of two isolates S.sciuri are close. The Other species that were identified were Enterococcus faecalis and Macrococcus caseolyticus.Conclusion on this research is Staphylococcus bacteria and two species S.sciuri have many variation.
SYSTEMA PORIFERA. A GUIDE TO THE CLASSIFICATION OF SPONGES .... THE END OF A BEGINNING

The Systema Porifera collaboration (45 authors from 17 countries) produced a two volume treatise revising and defining the supraspecific classification of sponges and spongiomorphs (Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers). The Systema recognises approximately 680 genera of living sponges and 1000 genera of fossil sponges from many thousands of nominal taxa, and places these taxa in a unified higher systematics scheme (including over forty new higher taxa proposed). Most genera were revised from their type material (where available), reinterpretation of the vast sponge literature, and incorporation of other biological evidence where available. The Systema, therefore, has an important theoretical basis, being: the most comprehensive taxonomic revision of sponges at genus level and above; addressing the many long-outstanding nomenclatural problems (and thus stabilising the nomenclature) and providing a sound baseline to focus detailed research questions on sponges in the future. It also has a strong practical focus as a tool for sponge identification: providing concise definitions, diagnoses, keys and illustrations of all the valid (i.e., reinterpreted) genera of extant sponges, and some key fossil sponge genera, unified into a single classification of Porifera; serving as a manual to achieve more accurate faunal inventories that will be of benefit to biodiversity and biogeographic analyses etc., and thus marine conservation and planning. In this paper we critically analyse the strengths (achievements) and weaknesses (remaining challenges) of the Systema Porifera project, and highlight some areas where research might be productively directed in the future, including questions of the monophyly of Porifera itself.
Predicting Student Success on the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy® Examination.

IMPORTANCE A predictive tool to support academic and practice outcomes for occupational therapy students is needed for use in advising students. OBJECTIVE To determine whether characteristics of academic and professional behavior across cohorts could indicate the likelihood of student success in passing the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy® examination. DESIGN Causal-comparative research. PARTICIPANTS Master of occupational therapy students (N = 315; eight cohorts). MEASURES Demographics, college entrance exams, grade point average, program benchmarks (i.e., specific course grades, fieldwork grades, Occupational Therapy Knowledge Exam scores), licensure exam. RESULTS Baseline and in-program characteristics were used to determine success; for each unit increase in the success score, the odds of passing the exam were 4.11 (95% confidence interval [2.23, 7.60]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Case studies that have used this success score suggest that additional resources and targeted interventions could be allocated to help students at highest risk of not passing the licensure exam. WHAT THIS ARTICLE ADDS Using a predictive tool to support student success can enable more effective academic advising throughout an occupational therapy program and result in positive outcomes on the licensure exam.
Efficacy of Novel Pyrazolone Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors in Experimental Mouse Models of Trypanosoma cruzi

Pyrazolones are heterocyclic compounds with interesting biological properties. Some derivatives inhibit phosphodiesterases (PDEs) and thereby increase the cellular concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP), which plays a vital role in the control of metabolism in eukaryotic cells, including the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease (CD), a major neglected tropical disease. In vitro phenotypic screening identified a 4-bromophenyl-dihydropyrazole dimer as an anti-T. cruzi hit and 17 novel pyrazolone analogues with variations on the phenyl ring were investigated in a panel of phenotypic laboratory models. ABSTRACT Pyrazolones are heterocyclic compounds with interesting biological properties. Some derivatives inhibit phosphodiesterases (PDEs) and thereby increase the cellular concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP), which plays a vital role in the control of metabolism in eukaryotic cells, including the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease (CD), a major neglected tropical disease. In vitro phenotypic screening identified a 4-bromophenyl-dihydropyrazole dimer as an anti-T. cruzi hit and 17 novel pyrazolone analogues with variations on the phenyl ring were investigated in a panel of phenotypic laboratory models. Potent activity against the intracellular forms (Tulahuen and Y strains) was obtained with 50% effective concentration (EC50) values within the 0.17 to 3.3 μM range. Although most were not active against bloodstream trypomastigotes, an altered morphology and loss of infectivity were observed. Pretreatment of the mammalian host cells with pyrazolones did not interfere with infection and proliferation, showing that the drug activity was not the result of changes to host cell metabolism. The pyrazolone NPD-227 increased the intracellular cAMP levels and was able to sterilize T. cruzi-infected cell cultures. Thus, due to its high potency and selectivity in vitro, and its additive interaction with benznidazole (Bz), NPD-227 was next assessed in the acute mouse model. Oral dosing for 5 days of NPD-227 at 10 mg/kg + Bz at 10 mg/kg not only reduced parasitemia (>87%) but also protected against mortality (>83% survival), hence demonstrating superiority to the monotherapy schemes. These data support these pyrazolone molecules as potential novel therapeutic alternatives for Chagas disease.
Birds, Cattle, and Bracken Ferns: Bird Community Responses to a Neotropical Landscape Shaped by Cattle Grazing Activities

Large areas of tropical moist forests have been converted to cattle pastures, generating complex landscapes where different habitats are represented by small patches with an uneven spatial distribution. Here, we describe how bird communities respond to the different elements present in a livestock landscape that was originally dominated by tropical moist forest. We surveyed six habitats: open pastures, pastures with shrubs, early‐ and middle‐secondary forests, mature forest, and pastures invaded by bracken ferns (Pteridium aquilinum). Bird diversity was high in secondary and mature forests, and low in fern‐invaded sites and open pastures. Fern‐dominated sites had the lowest bird species richness, and trophic guild diversity of all habitats. Habitat structure affected both bird species richness and densities in similar ways. Tree species richness was the habitat attribute that had a bigger positive effect on bird species richness. Bird community structure varied among sampled habitats, separating habitats in two major groups (forests and pastures). Our data indicate that bracken fern‐invaded pastures were the worst habitat condition for avian communities. To increase bird diversity, we recommend to eliminate or manage bracken fern and to increase shrub and tree cover in open pastures to provide food resources and shelter for birds. Finally, we encourage the maintenance of secondary and mature forest remnants as a strategy to conserve resident birds within a landscape dominated by livestock activities.
External validation of the sepsis severity score

Introduction: Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Mortality rates are high, exceeding 50% in patients with septic shock. The sepsis severity score (SSS) was developed to determine the severity of sepsis and as a prognostic model. The aim of this study was to externally validate the SSS model. Methods: Calibration and discrimination of the SSS were retrospectively evaluated using data from a single-center sepsis registry. Results: Data from 156 septic patients were recorded; 56% of them had septic shock, 94% of patients required mechanical ventilation. The observed hospital mortality was 60.3%. The mean SSS value was 94.4 (95% CI 90.5–98.3). The SSS presented excellent discrimination with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.806 (95% CI 0.734–0.866). The pairwise comparison of APACHE II (AUC = 0.789; 95% CI 0.715–0.851) with SSS and 1st day SOFA (AUC = 0.75; 95% CI 0.673–0.817) with SSS revealed no significant differences in discrimination between the models. The calibration of the SSS was good with the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit H test 9.59, P > 0.05. Analyses of calibration curve show absence of accurate predictions in lower deciles of lower risk (2nd and 4th). Conclusion: The SSS demonstrated excellent discrimination. The calibration evaluation gave conflicting results; the H-L test result indicated a good calibration, while the visual analysis of the calibration curve suggested the opposite. The SSS requires further evaluation before it can be safely recommended as an outcome prediction model.
Environmental trends in the variation of biologically active phenolic compounds in Labrador tea, Rhododendron groenlandicum, from northern Quebec, Canada

The impact of several environmental factors on the production of phenolic compounds in a North American medicinal plant, Labrador tea (Rhododendron groenlandicum (Oeder) Kron & Judd), was studied. Leaves were harvested in 2006 and 2010 over a latitudinal gradient in northern Quebec, and known phenolic markers were quantified by HPLC-DAD. The concentration of selected compounds varied geographically where they were higher between the 51st and 53rd parallel of northern Quebec and lower in the peripheral northern and southern region. Major variations were observed in the following marker compounds: (+)-catechin, (–)-epicatechin, quercetin-3-galactoside, and an undetermined quercetin-glycoside. The variation in phenolic compounds was best explained by short-term changes in annual temperature range and long-term estimates of insolation parameters such as solar radiation and photoperiod in the month of June.
Window-Modulated Compounding Nakagami Parameter Ratio Approach for Assessing Muscle Perfusion with Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging

The assessment of microvascular perfusion is essential for the diagnosis of a specific muscle disease. In comparison with the current available medical modalities, the contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging is the simplest and fastest means for probing the tissue perfusion. Specifically, the perfusion parameters estimated from the ultrasound time-intensity curve (TIC) and statistics-based time–Nakagami parameter curve (TNC) approaches were found able to quantify the perfusion. However, due to insufficient tolerance on tissue clutters and subresolvable effects, these approaches remain short of reproducibility and robustness. Consequently, the window-modulated compounding (WMC) Nakagami parameter ratio imaging was proposed to alleviate these effects, by taking the ratio of WMC Nakagami parameters corresponding to the incidence of two different acoustic pressures from an employed transducer. The time–Nakagami parameter ratio curve (TNRC) approach was also developed to estimate perfusion parameters. Measurements for the assessment of muscle perfusion were performed from the flow phantom and animal subjects administrated with a bolus of ultrasound contrast agents. The TNRC approach demonstrated better sensitivity and tolerance of tissue clutters than those of TIC and TNC. The fusion image with the WMC Nakagami parameter ratio and B-mode images indicated that both the tissue structures and perfusion properties of ultrasound contrast agents may be better discerned.
Obtaining Transgenic Anthurium through Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation of Etiolated Internodes

Several procedures were tested in development of a gene transfer protocol for anthurium. Etiolated internode segments of anthurium cultivars 'Rudolph' and 'UH1060' were co-cultured with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 carrying the chimeric genes neo, for antibiotic resistance, and att encoding antibacterial attacin. Assays of genomic DNA and RNA from kanamycin-resistant 'Rudolph' and DNA from 'UH1060' plantlets, recovered as soon as 1 year after culture on selection media, indicated the presence of introduced genes, including neo and att, and transcription of att. Western analysis confirmed the expression of attacin protein in calli induced from laminae of regenerated kanamycin- resistant 'Rudolph' plantlets. Use of tobacco nurse cells during co-cultivation of internodes with Agrobacterium did not increase recovery of shoots under the regeneration conditions used. Improvements in culture and antibiotic selection conditions during plant development are suggested. Anthurium hybrids are used worldwide for cut flowers and flowering potted plants. Hawaii produces about one-fifth of the world's export supply with over 10 million stems sold in 1994 (Hawaii Agricultural Statistics Service, 1995). Due to the recent devastation of many Hawaiian anthurium farms by bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. dieffenbachiae McCull and Pirone, there is a need for blight resistant cultivars. A transfor- mation method to introduce antibacterial genes into this commer- cial monocot is desirable to complement current hybridization breeding for disease resistance (Kamemoto et al., 1992). Such a method could allow introgression of other desirable traits, such as novel flower color or nematode resistance. Feasibility of Agrobacterium -mediated gene transfer has been demonstrated in several monocot crops (Conner and Dommisse, 1992). We showed that etiolated internodes of Anthurium andraeanum Lind. ex Andre 'Rudolph' (formerly UH965) were suitable for infection by wild-type Agrobacteriurn tumefaciens (Smith and Townsend) Corm strain C58; plants were not regener- ated from tumors (Kuehnle and Sugii, 1991a). This report describes several procedures tested in development of a transformation protocol for etiolated anthurium internodes by non-tumorigenic A. tumefaciens LBA4404 using tissue culture and plant regeneration methods for Hawaiian cultivars (Kuehnle and Sugii, 1991b). The first example of transgenic anthurium plants is presented.
Ralstonia solanacearum Race 3, Biovar 2

In the United States, several introductions of R. solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 have already occurred as a result of importation of infested geranium cuttings from off-shore production sites, but the pathogen was apparently eradicated. However, because of the risk of its possible re-introduction through importation of infected plant material, and its potential to affect potato production in cold-temperate areas in the northern United States, R. solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 is considered a serious
A 6 month extension trial evaluating safety and efficacy of ferric derisomaltose in patients with iron deficiency anemia: The FERWON‐EXT trial

bisphosphonates), resulted in 43.8% increase in lumbar spine BMD. Bone turnover markers have been extensively studied in MBD and provide information on bone dynamics to reflect disease activity. The suppression in bone formation seen in the mouse model of MBD occurs in part due to Dickkopf (Dkk-1) inhibiting the WNT pathway. Note, P1NP has been shown to be a reliable marker of osteoblast activity and correlates with histomorphometric indices of bone formation. In our study, teriparatide resulted in a significant 4-fold increase in P1NP and to a lesser degree in u-DPyD excretion. By increasing bone resorption, PTH may cause release of growth factors from bone that are locally embedded, and could in theory impact on myeloma cell growth/disease progression. Although this did not appear to have occurred, it is nonetheless important to be vigilant when using bone anabolic agents. Eleven percent of individuals in the phase III teriparatide trials developed mild hypercalcemia (serum calcium < 2.80 mmol/L) but this was largely found in patients receiving 40 mcg daily. Hypercalcemia occurs in MBD and monitoring of the serum calcium is mandatory when prescribing teriparatide. There are no studies demonstrating the expression of PTH receptors on myeloma cells. So, PTH administered to severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice with myeloma resulted in a significant increase in bone formation as well as attenuation in bone resorption and myeloma growth. None of our patients developed hypercalcemia or deterioration in their eGFR and there was no demonstrable negative impact on their myeloma activity, possibly due to the effects of anti-myeloma therapies and previous bisphosphonates. While antiresorptive therapies remain standard therapy for MBD, there is a need for assessing the benefits of the newer potent bone anabolic agents in patients with devastating osteoporosis and recurrent vertebral fractures. Our study highlights the positive changes in bone formation and BMD that can occur when bone anabolic therapies are administered to this high-risk cohort. Whether sequential (antiresorptive followed by bone anabolic) or combined (antiresorptive and bone anabolic) therapies will be superior and safer in this cohort will need to be determined. Careful evaluation of the myeloma burden, bone marrow plasma cell activity and plasma cell kinetics will be mandatory when studying these bone anabolic agents in MBD.