Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1 ITR / 2-2 Ra Imaging Challenges for the ITER Plasma Facing Components Protection

The ITER actively cooled tokamak is the next-gene ration fusion device which will allow studying the burning plasma during hundreds of seconds. ITER pla sma facing components (PFCs) real-time protection w ill be mandatory to minimize operational risks as water leak and critical heat flux leading to degradation of PFCs. The protection systems routinely used on Tore Supra or JET are based on IR imaging systems controlling a d monitoring the power load on the PFCs through the s urface temperature measurements. Thanks to Tore Sup ra expertise in actively cooled tokamak and long pulse op ration, three urgent R&D domains are discussed in this paper addressing the feasibility and the performanc es of the PFCs protection function for the new and harsh environment of ITER: 1) the understanding of IR sig nals in a reflective environment using a physic-bas ed light model simulation 2) a PFCs protection data processi ng architecture for event detection and identificat ion 3) the feasibility, performances and prototyping of the fi rst optical component of the imaging systems, activ ely cooled, facing the plasma which will impact the image quali ty and therefore PFCs protection performance.
An Extension of the Rational Voter Model

This extension of the rational voter model differs from prior studies in three ways: its adoption of aggregate voting data; its use of data that are non-demographic in nature; and its use of data that are time series rather than cross section. The study finds that the aggregate voter participation rate is higher when the public strongly approves of the President’s job performance. Aggregate voter turnout also is increased by the opportunity to participate in a Presidential election. It also appears that a highly unpopular or controversial war increases voter turnout. By contrast, it also is found that voter turnout decreases in the face of a scandal involving the President. Finally, the greater the per capita real disposable income of the American public, the lower the aggregate voter participation rate, presumably due to opportunity cost considerations.
Flow Based Load Balancing: Optimizing Web Servers Resource Utilization

The expansion of the Internet has caused a growth on the number of users requesting services through the network, as well as the number of servers and the amount of services they offer. In order to minimize this problem, web servers have started to use a distributed architecture implementation, however with only one external interface for receiving requests from users. In this paper, we propose an approach towards flow-oriented load balancing, using the OpenFlow technology. Thus, each data flow is directed to a server, according to the policy being employed. We evaluate three load balancing techniques: random choice, time slice based choice and weighted balancing, each of them with its advantages and disadvantages.Through our measurements, weighted balancing achieved the best results over the other policies. More over, random choice and time slice based choice are capable of distributing the load in an acceptable way among nodes, considering the average load of each server. Keywords: load balancing, OpenFlow, flow based load balancing.
Exceptions to semelparity: postmaturation survival, morphology, and energetics of male chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

Between 2.1 and 6.8% of fall-run male chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) reared in two New Zealand hatcheries matured as yearling parr, of similar size to immature siblings. The incidence of mature parr in 58 half-sib families ranged from 0 to 69% of the available males. Although chinook salmon are normally semelparous, about 80% of mature parr survived to mature again at age 2, and all fish held for another year matured again at age 3. All three ages produced milt that successfully fertilized eggs. Morphological development in mature parr and repeat-maturing males was consistent with that of older, first time maturing males. The gonadosomatic index for mature age-2 males was 11.7, 7.2, and 5.4% for repeat-maturing males, freshwater-reared males, and sea-run males, respectively. Muscle energy density for repeat-maturing males (4.45 kJ/g) was lower than for normal males (5.20-5.45 kJ/g) and negatively correlated with the gonadosomatic index. Although we think it unlikely that repeat maturation occur.
Effects of a full season on stabilometric Parameters of team handball elite athletes

Nao e claro na literatura cientifica se atletas mudam seu controle postural ao longo de uma temporada esportiva, ou mesmo se tornam mais assimetricos em relacao ao seu desempenho neuromuscular durante o mesmo periodo. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos de uma temporada esportiva completa no controle postural de atletas de elite do handebol. Dez jogadores de elite de handebol, saudaveis, realizaram a tarefa de postura ereta quieta bipodal (BP) e unipodal direito e esquerdo durante 30 segundos. Foi utilizada a RMS e a velocidade do centro de pressao para descrever a oscilacao postural. Para a tarefa de BP, a oscilacao foi menor apos a temporada esportiva (p < 0,005). Para as tarefas unipodais, a oscilacao foi menor apos temporada esportiva apenas para o membro nao dominante (p < 0,001). Apenas apos a temporada, foram observadas diferencas entre os membros (p < 0,03). Em conclusao, uma temporada esportiva para o handebol nao levou a deterioracao do controle postural dos atletas, entretanto no final da temporada, os atletas apresentaram-se mais assimetricos.
Soil-line vegetation indices for corn nitrogen content prediction

Soil-line vegetation indices for corn nitrogen content prediction The soil-line vegetation indices for prediction of corn canopy nitrogen content were investigated. Results indicated that the vegetation indices applied were correlated with corn canopy nitrogen content and the wavelengths between 630-860 nm are suitable for nitrogen diagnosis. The second-order polynomial equation was the best model for nitrogen content prediction among different regression types. Analyses based on both predicted and measured data were carried out to compare the performance of existing vegetation indices.
Identifying Intra-Party Voting Blocs in UK House of Commons

Legislative voting records are an important source of information about legislator preferences, intra-party cohesiveness, and the divisiveness of various policy issues. Standard methods of analyzing a legislative voting record tend to have serious drawbacks when applied to legislatures, such as the UK House of Commons, that feature highly disciplined parties, strategic voting, and large amounts of missing data. We present a method (based on a Dirichlet process mixture model) for analyzing such voting records that does not suﬀer from these same problems. Our method is model-based and thus allows one to make probability statements about quantities of interest. It allows one to estimate the number of voting blocs within a party or any other group of MPs. Finally, it can be used as both a predictive model and an exploratory model. We illustrate these points through an application of the method to the voting records of Labour Party MPs in the 1997-2001 session of the UK House of Commons.
Effect of Irrigation Water Management Practices and Rice Cultivars on Methane (CH4) Emission and Rice Productivity

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of irrigation water management practices and rice cultivars (BRRI Dhan -28 and BINA Dhan -8) on methane (CH4) emission and rice productivity during Boro season (January to May 2011) at the experimental field o6f Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh . Two different rice varities such as BRRI Dhan-28 and BINA Dhan-8 was selected for the study. Different water management practices such as Continuous flooding (CF) at 5 cm standing water, CF at 5cm standing water for first 3 weeks, CF at 5cm standing water for first 6 weeks, CF at 5cm standing water for first 9 weeks, alternate wetting and drying(irrigated at 5cm depth, 3 day in a week and 4 days drying) and water saturated condition (no standing water) were followed in the different plot in this experiment. It was observed that alternate wetting and drying (irrigated at 5cm depth, 3 day in a week and 4 days drying) treatment gave highest yield 5.76 t/ha and 6.713 t/ha respectively in BRRI Dhan-28 and BINA Dhan-8. However the lowest seasonal methane emission 13.349 g CH4/m2/season (26.37% less than CF at 5 cm standing water) and 13.808 g CH4/m2/season (28.08% less than CF at 5 cm standing water) were found under the alternate wetting and drying in BRRI Dhan-28 and BINA Dhan-8 respectively. So alternate wetting and drying(irrigated at 5cm depth, 3 day in a week and 4 days drying) irrigation water management practice should be followed for reducing CH4 emission and sustaining rice productivity during the Boro season in Bangladesh climatic condition.
The Relationship Between Self-Reported Sensory Experiences and Autistic Traits in the General Population: A Mixed Methods Analysis

There have been few examples of inductive research in sensory reactivity, particularly in relation to autistic traits among the general population. This study used a mixed methods approach to explore the nature of sensory experiences among people with different levels of autistic traits. Participants completed the Glasgow Sensory Questionnaire and the Autism Spectrum Quotient. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed on the data. Responses to the open questions were analyzed as part of this study, and the closed questionnaire data have been reported elsewhere. Data were coded and responses quantitatively compared by group. In addition, data were qualitatively analyzed using a general inductive approach, which resulted in two themes: “problematic sensory experiences” and “calming sensory experiences. ” Results show that coping mechanisms and certain aspects of the sensory experience vary according to autistic trait level, and provide insight into the nature of sensory reactivity across the general population.
A tribological study of double-walled and triple-walled carbon nanotube oscillators

We reported in a previous study (Zhao et al 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 175504) that energy transfer from the orderly intertube translational oscillation to intratube vibrational modes for an isolated system of two coaxial carbon nanotubes at low temperatures takes place primarily via two distinct types of collective motion of the carbon nanotubes, i.e., off-axial rocking motion of the inner tube and radial wavy motion of the outer tube, and that these types of motion may or may not occur for such a system, depending upon the amount of the initial extrusion of the inner tube out of the outer tube. Our present study, using micro-canonical molecular dynamics (MD), indicates the existence of an energy threshold, largely independent of system sizes and configurations, for a double-walled nano-oscillator to deviate from the intertube translational oscillation and thus to encounter significant intertube friction. The frictional forces associated with several distinct dissipative mechanisms are all found to exhibit no proportional dependence upon the normal force between the two surfaces in relative sliding, contrary to the conventional understanding resulting from tribological studies of macroscopic systems. Furthermore, simulation has been performed at different initial temperatures, revealing a strong temperature dependence of friction in the early phase of oscillation. Finally, our studies of three-walled nano-oscillators show that an initial extrusion of the middle tube can cause inner-tube off-axial instabilities, leading to strong frictional effects.
Analysis of Red Light Running Crashes Based on Quasi-Induced Exposure and Multiple Logistic Regression Method

According to recent national statistics, red light running crashes represent a significant safety problem at signalized intersections. To examine the overall characteristics of red light running crashes, this study used the 1999 to 2001 Florida crash database to investigate the crash propensity related to traffic environments, driver characteristics, and vehicle types. The quasi-induced exposure concept and multiple logistic regression technique were used to perform this analysis. The results showed that traffic factors including number of lanes, crash time, weather, highway character, day of week, urban or rural location, speed limit, driver age, alcohol or drug use, physical defect, driver residence, and vehicle type were significantly associated with the risk of red light running crashes. Furthermore, it confirmed that there were significant interaction effects between the risk factors, including crash time and highway character, number of lanes and urban or rural location, weather condition and driver age, driver age and gender, alcohol or drug use and gender, and type of vehicle and gender.
Versality in mirror symmetry

One of the attractions of homological mirror symmetry is that it not only implies the previous predictions of mirror symmetry (e.g., curve counts on the quintic), but it should in some sense be `less of a coincidence' than they are and therefore easier to prove. In this survey we explain how Seidel's approach to mirror symmetry via versality at the large volume/large complex structure limit makes this idea precise.
Stellar Clusters in the Outermost Milky Way Galaxy

HST V, I color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of four outerhalo clusters, NGC 2419, Pa13, Pal4 and Eridanus, provide insight into the relative ages of old star clusters throughout the 200 kpc diameter volume sampled, and thus into the formation epoch of the Milky Way galaxy.
The proposed Caroline ESA M 3 mission to a Main Belt Comet Journal Item

We describe Caroline, a mission proposal submitted to the European Space Agency in 2010 in response to the Cosmic Visions M3 call for medium-sized missions. Caroline would have travelled to a Main Belt Comet (MBC), characterizing the object during a flyby, and capturing dust from its tenuous coma for return to Earth. MBCs are suspected to be transition objects straddling the traditional boundary between volatile–poor rocky asteroids and volatile–rich comets. The weak cometary activity exhibited by these objects indicates the presence of water ice, and may represent the primary type of object that delivered water to the early Earth. The Caroline mission would have employed aerogel as a medium for the capture of dust grains, as successfully used by the NASA Stardust mission to Comet 81P/ Wild 2. We describe the proposed mission design, primary elements of the spacecraft, and provide an overview of the science instruments and their measurement goals. Caroline was ultimately not selected by the European Space Agency during the M3 call; we briefly reflect on the pros and cons of the mission as proposed, and how current and future mission MBC mission proposals such as Castalia could best be approached. 2018 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Biomass and productivity estimation using aerospace data and Geographic Information System

Traditionally biomass estimation involved harvesting of the trees. As the forest cover decreased, there became the need for non-destructive methods for volume/biomass estimation. Methods were developed to relate the biomass with girth, height etc. Component-wise biomass equations were developed, which were used to estimate biomass at the plot level. In last couple of years satellite remote sensing has been successfully used for biomass and productivity estimation. The unique characteristic of plants is displayed by its reflectance in red and infrared region of electro-magnetic radiation. These have relationship with the biophysical parameters of plants. Therefore, process based models were developed to make use of the remotely sensed data available on monthly basis for estimation of Net Primary Productivity (NPP). Production efficiency model was used to estimate the NPP at the patch level, which takes Intercepted Photosynthetically Active Radiation (IPAR) and photosynthetic efficiency as input parameters to estimate NPP.
Security of two quantum cryptography protocols using the same four qubit states

The first quantum cryptography protocol, proposed by Bennett and Brassard in 1984 (BB84), has been widely studied in recent years. This protocol uses four states (more precisely, two complementary bases) for the encoding of the classical bit. Recently, it has been noticed that by using the same four states, but a different encoding of information, one can define a protocol which is more robust in practical implementations, specifically when attenuated laser pulses are used instead of single-photon sources [V. Scarani et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 057901 (2004), referred to as the SARG04 protocol]. We present a detailed study of SARG04 in two different regimes. In the first part, we consider an implementation with a single-photon source: we derive bounds on the error rate $Q$ for security against all possible attacks by the eavesdropper. The lower and the upper bound obtained for SARG04 ($Q\ensuremath{\lesssim}10.95%$ and $Q\ensuremath{\gtrsim}14.9%$, respectively) are close to those obtained for BB84 ($Q\ensuremath{\lesssim}12.4%$ and $Q\ensuremath{\gtrsim}14.6%$, respectively). In the second part, we consider a realistic source consisting of an attenuated laser and improve on previous analysis by allowing Alice to optimize the mean number of photons as a function of the distance. The SARG04 protocol is found to perform better than BB84, both in secret-key rate and in maximal achievable distance, for a wide class of Eve's attacks.
Sugiol ( 12-hydroxyabieta-8 , 11 , 13-trien-7-one ) targets human pancreatic carcinoma cells ( Mia-PaCa 2 ) by inducing apoptosis , G 2 / M cell cycle arrest , ROS production and inhibition of cancer cell migration

Correspondence to: Zhonglian Li, MD. Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Sanwei Rd 122, Tianjin 300100, China. Tel/Fax: +86 22 27435237, E-mail: zhonglianli9978@yahoo.com Received: 05/07/2017; Accepted: 02/08/2017 Sugiol (12-hydroxyabieta-8,11,13-trien-7-one) targets human pancreatic carcinoma cells (Mia-PaCa2) by inducing apoptosis, G2/M cell cycle arrest, ROS production and inhibition of cancer cell migration
A Riemannian-Stein Kernel method

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of numerical integration based on interpolation with a Stein kernel. In particular, the case of integrals with respect to a posterior distribution supported on a general Riemannian manifold is considered and the asymptotic convergence of the estimator in this context is established. Our results are considerably stronger than those previously reported, in that the optimal rate of convergence is established under a basic Sobolev-type assumption on the integrand. The theoretical results are empirically verified on $\mathbb{S}^2$.
Rural low-income mothers' experiences with foster care

This study explores the grief experiences, parental views, supports, and barriers of 22 rural low-income mothers with children in foster care. The family ecology perspective framed the research. T-tests were utilized in a quantitative analysis comparing depression and parental support and confidence between mothers with children in placement and children not in placement. Results indicated that the differences in mean depression scores were statistically significant between the participants and the control group. Depressive symptoms were found to be much more prevalent in mothers with children in placement than mothers with children not in placement. The differences in mean scores between the participants and the control group for both parental support and parental confidence were not statistically significant, indicating that the mothers' perceptions of her parental confidence and support were not significantly related to whether her children were placed in foster care or not. Grounded theory was used in a qualitative analysis of mothers' interviews over three years. Results indicate that mothers with children in placement rarely expressed their grief. Emotional, financial, relational, institutional, logistical, and parental supports and barriers both contributed to and hindered the mothers' abilities to keep children in their care. The different systems of the family ecology perspective may directly and indirectly influence the mothers' abilities to keep their children in their care and to parent effectively. One must examine the experiences of the mother comprehensively, and not narrow the focus to only one area of her life. Working to support the mother in turn helps the child and the family.
Influence of lanthanum doping on the morphotropic phase boundary of lead zirconate titanate

A phase diagram for morphotropic (Pb0.985La0.01)(Zr1−xTix)O3 is proposed based on a combination of X-ray and neutron powder diffraction experiments and complemented by transmission electron microscopy. Dependent on composition three regions are characterized. The stability range of tetragonal microdomains for high Ti contents, the stability range of rhombohedral microdomains for low Ti contents, and an intermediate stability range of nanodomains. All three regions exhibit a corresponding low temperature configuration. Temperature dependent diffraction revealed that lanthanum doping reduces the sensitivity of the structure to changes in temperature and composition. A continuous transition from pseudorhombohedral to tetragonal symmetry with an intermediate two-phase region at the morphotropic phase boundary is observed. A similar transition of low temperature superstructure phases from pseudorhombohedral to pseudotetragonal with an intermediate monoclinic phase governed by a continuous change in the oxygen .
The Log (rms Lg)-mb Scaling Law Slope

Abstract The Lg phase has been demonstrated to have unusual stability and precision of relative scaling with the global m b or yield of nuclear explosions on a path by path basis. However, Lg scaling slopes with magnitude for different propagation paths are often quite different, an unexplained effect which complicates nuclear monitoring procedures. In this study, both data analysis and numerical simulations are used to explore the factors influencing Lg scaling. Digital seismic data from broadband stations in Eurasia for explosions at the former Soviet Union nuclear test site in Balapan are analyzed. The data suggest that yield scaling of the source spectrum, combined with frequency selection properties of propagation on each path are responsible for the observed variations in scaling slope. Loss of high-frequency energy by attenuation causes high scaling slopes along some paths. Variations in site effects and instrument responses may also contribute to the scatter of Lg scaling slopes. Numerical simulations, used to calculate synthetic scaling laws, support these inferences.
Changes in Cloud-Ceiling Heights and Frequencies over the United States since the Early 1950s

Abstract U.S. weather stations operated by NOAA’s National Weather Service (NWS) have undergone significant changes in reporting and measuring cloud ceilings. Stations operated by the Department of Defense have maintained more consistent reporting practices. By comparing cloud-ceiling data from 223 NWS first-order stations with those from 117 military stations, and by further comparison with changes in physically related parameters, inhomogeneous records, including all NWS records based only on automated observing systems and the military records prior to the early 1960s, were identified and discarded. Data from the two networks were then used to determine changes in daytime ceiling height (the above-ground height of the lowest sky-cover layer that is more than half opaque) and ceiling occurrence frequency (percentage of total observations that have ceilings) over the contiguous United States since the 1950s. Cloud-ceiling height in the surface–3.6-km layer generally increased during 1951–2003, with more .