Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural Investigations on Proteins Involved in Cancer Development

In this thesis, three human proteins involved in the regulation of cell division and consequently in cancer, E2F-1, MDM2, and IGF-I, were investigated. The preliminary studies were carried out on protein expression and purification of the members of the E2F family. E2F-1 protein constructs in E. coli were shown to be well overexpressed but fully insoluble. The trials to optimize solubility of a GST-fused E2F-1 DNA-binding fragment were successful. The fragment of interest appeared, however, to be insoluble after GST cleavage. Attempts to purify and refold the insoluble histidine-tagged full length E2F-1 resulted in the pure and soluble, however unfolded polypeptide as shown by NMR spectroscopy. Additional studies showed that baculovirus expression vectors system could be an other way of producing the biologically active and properly folded protein. The NMR work carried out in this thesis showed that chalcones (1,3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-ones) are MDM2 inhibitors that bind to a subsite of the p53 binding cleft of human MDM2. Biochemical experiments showed that these compounds can disrupt the MDM2/p53 protein complex, releasing p53 from both the p53/MDM2 and DNA-bound p53/MDM2 complexes. These results thus offer a starting basis for structure-based drug design of cancer therapeutics. This thesis presents the 2.1 A crystal structure of the complex of IGF-I bound to the N-terminal IGF-binding domain of IGFBP-5 (mini-IGFBP-5), a prototype interaction for all N-terminal domains of the IGFBP family. The principal interactions in the complex comprise interlaced hydrophobic side chains that protrude from both IGF-I and the IGFBP-5 fragment and a surrounding network of polar interactions. A solvent-exposed hydrophobic patch is located on the IGF-I pole opposite to the mini-IGFBP-5 binding region and marks the IGF-I receptor binding site. The structure led to the design of small organic compounds that were shown to disrupt the binding of IGFBP-5 to IGF-I, thus, providing starting leads for therapeutics that could influence the regulation of the IGF-IGFBP axis.
Changes in the size structure of marine fish communities

Changes in the size structure of marine fish communities Richard J. Bell*, Jeremy S. Collie, Trevor A. Branch, Michael J. Fogarty, Coilin Minto, and Daniel Ricard Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Narragansett, RI, USA Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Woods Hole, MA, USA Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway, Ireland Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Hydrobiology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic *Corresponding author: tel: þ401 874 6511; fax: þ401 874 6145; e-mail: rich.bell@tnc.org. Present address: The Nature Conservancy, Narragansett, RI, USA. Present address: Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Centre, Moncton, NB, Canada.
Modelling and Delineation of Hydrocarbon Micro - Seepage Prone Zones on Soil and Sediment in Ugwueme, South Eastern Nigeria with Soil Adjustment Vegetation Index (SAVI)

Remote Sensing is an excellent tool in monitoring, mapping and interpreting areas, associated with hydrocarbon micro-seepage. An important technique in remote sensing known as the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), adopted in many studies is often used to minimize the effect of brightness reflectance in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), related with soil in areas of spare vegetation cover, and mostly in areas of arid and semi–arid regions. The study aim at analyzing the effect of hydrocarbon micro – seepage on soil and sediments in Ugwueme, Southern Eastern Nigeria, with SAVI image classification method. To achieve this aim, three cloud free Landsat images, of Landsat 7 TM 1996 and ETM+ 2006 and Landsat 8 OLI 2016 were utilized to Original Research Article Enoh et al.; IJPSS, 32(13): 13-33, 2020; Article no.IJPSS. 61263 14 produce different SAVI image classification maps for the study. The SAVI image classification analysis for the study showed three classes viz Low class cover, Moderate class cover and high class cover. The category of high SAVI density classification was observed to increase progressive from 31.95% in 1996 to 34.92% in 2006 and then to 36.77% in 2016. Moderately SAVI density classification reduced from 40.53% in 1996 to 38.77% in 2006 and then to 36.96% in 2016 while Low SAVI density classification decrease progressive from 27.51% in 1996 to 26.31% in 2006 and then increased to 28.26% in 2016. The SAVI model is categorized into three classes viz increase, decrease and unchanged. The un – changed category increased from 12.32km (15.06%) in 1996 to 17.17 km 2 (20.96%) in 2006 and then decelerate to 13.50 km 2 (16.51%) in 2016. The decrease category changed from 39.89km 2 (48.78%) in 1996 to 40.45 km 2 (49.45%) in 2006 and to 51.52 km (63.0%) in 2016 while the increase category changed from 29.57km (36.16%) in 1996 to 24.18 km 2 (29.58%) in 2006 and to 16.75 km 2 (20.49%) in 2016. Image differencing, cross tabulation and overlay operations were some of the techniques performed in the study, to ascertain the effect of hydrocarbon micro seepage. The Markov chain analysis was adopted to model and predict the effect of the hydrocarbon micro seepage for the study for 2030. The study expound that the SAVI is an effective technique in remote sensing to identify, map and model the effect of hydrocarbon micro seepage on soil and sediment particularly in areas characterized with low vegetation cover and bare soil cover.
Who’s to Blame in the Sex Trafficking of Women: Situational and Individual Factors that Define a “Deserving Victim”

ABSTRACT Public opinion frequently assigns some degree of responsibility to victims of human trafficking for their “voluntary” engagement in the phenomenon, thus denying the existence of “innocent victims” and attributing blame to them for not preventing their victimization. Through the use of distinct, predefined “victimization scenarios”, this research explores attributions of blame toward female victims and male clients of sex trafficking and the situational and demographic factors that influence perceptions of an “ideal” or “deserving” victim in a sample of 624 participants. Results show that the manner in which a victim is victimized tends to impact opinions of a “deserving” victim, with blame increasing when victims are perceived to have been involved in their victimization. Male participants with experience as clients of the sex industry are less likely to blame a client for his involvement in the sex trafficking chain, while female participants are more likely to blame a client than male participants. These results are further analyzed and discussed in light of the current context of prolonged and exacerbated forced migration that creates a vast pool of potential victims for traffickers around the world.
Innovation mediating and moderating internationalization in family and non-family businesses: embeddedness in Egypt, Madagascar, Morocco and Turkey

Purpose of the paper: According to most previous research, family businesses tend to internationalize less than non-family businesses. However, previous research has been conducted mainly in developed countries, where strong institutions support non-family businesses more than family businesses. Conversely, in developing countries with weak institutions, family businesses may conceivably have a comparative advantage for internationalization, especially if they are innovative. This paper focuses on how innovation may mediate and moderate the effect of governance upon internationalization in the form of exporting, as this dynamic is embedded in developing societies with weak institutions. Methodology: The research method is quantitative data analysis. Our account is based on a representative sample of 4,004 family and non-family businesses in Egypt, Madagascar, Morocco, and Turkey, surveyed for the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Findings: Analyses show that governance hardly affects innovativeness, but affects internationalization, in that exporting is especially high for family businesses in Morocco. Moreover, innovativeness boosts exporting in family business more than in non-family business. Furthermore, the comparative advantage of family businesses is larger in Morocco than in Egypt, Madagascar, and Turkey. Research limits: Although an essential feature of our research design is based on a comparative approach, rather than the typical single-country studies, we compared four similar societies in developing countries with weak institutions. Therefore, a significant limitation is that our findings concerning the internationalization of family businesses should not be generalized to all kinds of societies. Moreover, due to the small number of countries (four developing countries), it is statistically impossible to test the effects of the macro-institutional factors affecting family firms exporting. Therefore, we can only measure country contexts' overall impact without elaborating effects of specific institutional factors enhancing or hampering the internationalization process. Practical implications: The practical implication is relevant for family firms' policies to know that innovation in family firms is not a waste of investment, but innovation especially can boost exporting in family business more than in non-family firms, thereby enhancing the economic performance of family firms. Originality of the paper: These results contribute to understanding internationalization in family businesses as shaped by innovation and as embedded in society's context.
The study of molecular catalytic reaction driven by plasmon on double nanowires via Raman spectroscopy

In this paper, the efficiency of plasmon-driven catalytic reaction on double nanowires was investigated experimentally. The dimerization of 4-nitrobenzenethiol (4NBT) to p,p’-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB) can be driven by hot electrons generated by the non-radiative decay of surface plasmons, which can be monitored by Raman spectroscopy. It was demonstrated under the same excitation conditions, the Raman signal of the reactant molecules on the double nanowires was significantly stronger than that on the single nanowire. So does the catalytic reaction efficiency. The electromagnetic field intensity distribution of a single nanowire and double nanowires under the same excitation condition was analyzed through the finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation . It was shown that the stronger “hot spot ” in the double nanowire part is induced. The theoretical and experimental results were consistent with each other. This research may provide a new way for catalytic reactions driven by double nanowire plasmonic structure.
Additive Manufacturing of Material Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration: Toward Application in the Clinics

Additive manufacturing (AM) allows the fabrication of customized bone scaffolds in terms of shape, pore size, material type, and mechanical properties. Combined with the possibility to obtain a precise 3D image of the bone defects using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, it is now possible to manufacture implants for patient‐specific bone regeneration. This paper reviews the state‐of‐the‐art of the different materials and AM techniques used for the fabrication of 3D‐printed scaffolds in the field of bone tissue engineering. Their advantages and drawbacks are highlighted. For materials, specific criteria, are extracted from a literature study: biomimetism to native bone, mechanical properties, biodegradability, ability to be imaged (implantation and follow‐up period), histological performances, and sterilization process. AM techniques can be classified in three major categories: extrusion‐based, powder‐based, and vat photopolymerization. Their price, ease of use, and space requirement are analyzed. Different combinations of materials/AM techniques appear to be the most relevant depending on the targeted clinical applications (implantation site, presence of mechanical constraints, temporary or permanent implant). Finally, some barriers impeding the translation to human clinics are identified, notably the sterilization process.
Study on silicon photonic devices for photonic neural network

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, the traditional computer architecture can no longer meet the growing computing performance requirements. At the same time, with the chip manufacturing process approaching the physical limit, a single electronic technology cannot adapt the rapid development of artificial intelligence chips, so there is an urgent need for new computing chips. Photonic neural network chip, which combines artificial intelligence, silicon photonic, integrated circuit and other technologies, will get unprecedented opportunities for the development. Silicon based opto-electronic integration is a large-scale integration technology with optical signal as the main information carrier. It can integrate micro-nano-size optical and electrical devices on the silicon substrate, to form a new large-scale integration chip with comprehensive functions. At present, the development of silicon photonic devices is mainly focused on the field of optical communication and data center, while silicon photonic devices for photonic neural networks are still in the initial stage. Starting from the underlying unit devices, silicon-based photonic devices were studied deeply by combining the artificial neural network with the silicon photonic technology in this paper. Based on 200 mm CMOS process, a lot of process modules for photonic neural network were developed. According to the characteristics of photonic neural network architecture and the performance requirements for the basic unit devices, a series of silicon photonic devices, such as waveguides, grating couplers, MMI, thermal modulators, and other unit devices, were designed and developed. These devices provide important basic conditions for the implementation of high performance photonic neural network chips.
A comprehensive survey on machine learning approaches for dynamic spectrum access in cognitive radio networks

ABSTRACT Due to exponential growth in demand for radio spectrum for wireless communication networking, the radio spectrum has become over-crowded. The fixed spectrum allocation policy of the radio spectrum leads to inefficient utilisation of the available spectrum, which diverted the attention of researchers towards different intelligent techniques to access the spectrum dynamically and efficiently. The concept of Cognitive Radio (CR) has been considered as a promising technology to solve the problem of spectrum scarcity through the utilisation of various unutilised spectrum bands. In a future network deployment, multiple radio access networks may coexist having different characteristics. Hence, it becomes a challenge for CR networks to select the optimal network out of available networks. For efficient realisation, CRs requires intelligent spectrum management techniques for Dynamic Spectrum Management (DSM). Till now, there does not exist a literature survey that addresses the spectrum management with machine learning techniques in an intelligent manner. Hence, this paper presents the detailed classification and comprehensive survey of various machine learning techniques for intelligent spectrum management with their paradigms of optimisation for cognitive radio networks. The paper also provides new directions and open issues for the research community to work further in CR networks.
Determinants of Indonesian Real Effective Exchange Rate

As the study of Indonesian Real Effective Exchange Rate is still rare, this research tries to define the determinants of the Indonesian Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER). Variables used in this research are General Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF), Government Final Consumption Expenditure (GFCE), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Inflation, and the Ratio of Export to Import in the period of 2005 Q1 to 2019 Q4. All of data are obtained from The United States’s Central Bank of The Federal Reserve. Analytical method used in this research is Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) that is modified with Newey-West HAC Estimator. The results show that in the short run, GFCF and GFCE have no positive effects toward Indonesian REER, yet GDP and the Ratio of Export to Import have positive effects toward Indonesian REER, while Inflation has no a negative effect toward Indonesian REER. In the long run, GFCF, GFCE, and the Ratio of Export to Import have positive effects toward Indonesian REER. GDP has no a positive effect toward Indonesian REER, and Inflation has a negative effect toward Indonesian REER. This research is expected to fill the study gap of Indonesian Real Exchange Rate.
Mechanical properties of UN-5100 envelope material for stratospheric airship

ABSTRACT Stratospheric airships are promising aircraft, usually designed as a non-rigid airship. As an essential part of the non-rigid airship, the envelope plays a significant role in maintaining its shape and bearing the external force load. Generally, the envelope material of a flexible airship consists of plain-weave fabric, composed of warp and weft fibre yarn. At present, biaxial tensile experiments are the primary method used to study the stress–strain characteristics of such flexible airship materials. In this work, biaxial tensile testing of UN-5100 material was carried out. The strain on the material under unusual stress and the stress ratio were obtained using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technology. Also, the stress–strain curve was corrected by polynomial fitting. The slope of the stress–strain curve at different points, the Membrane Structures Association of Japan (MSAJ) standard and the Radial Basis Function (RBF) model were compared to identify the stress–strain characteristics of the materials. Some conclusions on the mechanical properties of the flexible airship material can be drawn and will play a significant role in the design of such envelopes.
Pattern of interaction and relationships between family members

Studying a family as a unit to describe the relationships in will allow the researcher to investigate the family as the primary unit and as a whole, which means that the family, the individuals as family members and their relationship is in the foreground. The data derived using this approach comes from the family unit functioning as a whole and does not reflect the individual members’ contributions “solely” or in a combined way. Such an approach allows for more global understanding of the issues surrounding family relationships as health and social data can be collected from different aspects and dimensions within the family as a unit and it will add more significant data. Even though studying a family as a unit eliminates the non-independence issue it does raise concerns about ignoring many potentially important details of intra-family relationships. In conclusion, the premise of studying the family as a unit (family as the unit of analysis) is that the researcher can gain greater insight into families in general and a family’s relationships in particular.
Effectiveness of maternal egg attendance in an exclusively cave‐dwelling harvestman (Arachnida: Opiliones)

Egg attendance is the most common and phylogenetically widespread form of postovipositional care among ectotherms. The main benefit of egg attendance is to enhance offspring survival by preventing or attenuating attacks from natural enemies. In arachnids, there are few experimental studies on the benefits of egg attendance, and they pertain to species living in few types of habitats, mainly forests. To understand how the benefits of egg attendance vary in large geographical scales, we need to include species from poorly explored habitats, such as caves. Here, we describe a case of maternal egg attendance in an exclusive cave-dwelling harvestman, Phalangodus briareos. Using a parent removal experiment, we also assessed the benefits of egg attendance. We found that egg attendance improves egg survival because unattended clutches were almost entirely consumed by conspecifics and crickets. When females were maintained on their clutches, egg survival was always high, regardless of female body size. There was a positive effect of clutch size on egg predation, which was higher during nighttime. We suggest that larger clutches emit more chemical cues, attracting more predators in the cave habitat. Finally, we argue that the benefits of egg protection should be higher inside caves when compared to external habitats because food is scarce inside caves and the fauna consists mainly of predators and detritivores.
Promoting Social Sustainability of Urban Neighbourhoods
 : The Case of Bethnal Green, London

Growing significance of neighbourhoods in different areas of urban planning, along with the increasing attention to the social dimension of sustainable communities and societies, emphasizes the need for conceptualizing socially sustainable neighbourhoods. This article first critically reflects on the concept of socially sustainable neighbourhoods in two areas of definition and operationalization. It then proposes a tripartite framework for measuring social sustainability of urban neighbourhoods which combines three elements of neighbourhood, neighbouring, and neighbours. This framework is tested, examined, and discussed in the case of Bethnal Green, London. The findings are integrated into a Social Sustainability Enhancement Index which encompasses practical recommendations to promote social sustainability of Bethnal Green. The article concludes with highlighting research and policy implications of the proposed framework, and suggests some methodological improvements for the future research.
The Role of Indigenous Knowledge in Water Literacy: A Case Study of Semende and Palembang Students

Water literacy is the ability to feel familiar with and get actively involved in water to face issues about it. This study aims to analyze the water literacy of students who come from areas that have indigenous knowledge related to water conservation and do not have indigenous knowledge but have come from the same province with a similar abundance of water. The samples of this study were 439 people consisting of 184 boys and 255 girls aged 11-18 years from junior and senior high school students in Palembang Municipality and three sub-districts in Muara Enim Regency, namely Semende Darat Laut, Semende Darat Tengah, and Darat Ulu. There were 39 questions for measuring water literacy in the form of a Likert scale (1-5) to measure practical and living literacy with Cronbach alpha values of 0.692 and 0.773, respectively, and were analyzed with SPSS version 21 through the Mann-Whitney (u) and Cronbach alpha statistical tests. The total alpha was 0.838. Social literacy was measured in the open-ended question instrument and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that practical water literacy in Palembang was significantly different from Semende's but not with living water literacy. Students' social water literacy in the Semende had two different answer patterns, while, in Palembang, it was more diverse with six different response patterns. Meanwhile, when asked to describe a diagram of the flow of water in nature in Semende, no students think that it is the neglect of customs that results in reduced water in Semende as understood by some students in Palembang who are not involved with these customs.