Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Addressing Reviewers Comments

1. The computed instantaneous frequency from the Hilbert spectrum is dealt with second derivatives discrete Laplacian combined with variance to get the input signal for 2D-DWT. Does this input signal have any physical meaning? why is the instantaneous frequency processed in this way? Further explanations have been added to the paper, page 3, paragraph1 (right column). Part 1: In general, HHT is to provide a more physically meaningful time‐frequency‐energy description of a time series(Huang & Wu 2008). First of all, the instantaneous frequency which is defined using the Hilbert transform denotes the physical meaning of local phase change better for IMFs than for any other non‐IMF time series (Huang & Wu 2008). Secondly, one way to express the nonstationary is to find instantaneous frequency, which is based on Hilbert spectrum analysis (Huang & Wu 2008). Thirdly, every step of this algorithm is performed to improve the performance of the algorithm. According to page 3, paragraph1 (right column), the use of instantaneous attributes in quantitative analysis and interpretation requires that they are being free of systematic bias. The violations of the restrictions subject to HT are responsible for the artefacts that appear at an instantaneous frequency (Boashash 1992). In this regard, the proper follow-up treatment of the HT is crucial in preventing the spectral leakage that imposes errors in the envelope. Therefore, in this study, the second derivative is taken by using a smoothing procedure, the Discrete Laplacian (del2) in Matlab, leading to lower than expected errors in the result of our proposed algorithm(Fiorio, Mercat & Rieux 2011). To obtain a more robust estimate of the result, an additional weighting (variance) is assigned to the formula. The obtained solution, ω(t), will be sending to 2D-DWT for analysis as this transform has a capability of localizing target information. The last sentence has also been added to make it more clarified in the paper, page 3. Part 2: Additional reference to compute instantaneous frequency has been added into the paper. Page 3, left column, first paragraph. The added reference is (Huang & Shen 2005).
Interference-Aware Wireless Networks for Home Monitoring and Performance Evaluation

In this paper, a home Internet-of-Things system is analyzed by dividing it into four layers, i.e., the node layer, gateway layer, service layer, and open layer. The gateway layer, which supports a variety of wireless technologies and is the core of home wireless networks access unit, together with the node layer constitutes the home wireless network. A gateway prototype following the proposed architecture has been implemented. A testbed of an interference-aware wireless network which includes the gateway prototype has also been created for testing its user interaction performances. The experimental results show that both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth have an impact on the ZigBee communication. Considering the complex scene of home and building, ZigBee multihop communications are set to reduce the packet loss probability. In addition, an event-level-based transmission control strategy is proposed, in which the packet loss probability of wireless network is reduced by controlling the transmission priority of different levels of monitoring events, and optimizing the ZigBee wireless network channel occupancy. Note to Practitioners—The IoT in home and building automation has become a hot topic, and embedded intelligent home gateway is an important part of intelligent home system which mainly responsible for data exchange and protocol conversion between the node layer and the user client tier. In a wireless home network, intelligent home gateway mainly supports the wireless interfaces of Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and ZigBee, and all of these wireless technologies work at the frequency band of 2.4 GHz, and among them, ZigBee technology is generally in the continuous working state. Hence, the adverse impact of Wi-Fi and Bluetooth on ZigBee wireless network is purpose for evaluation, which relating to the popularization of home wireless networks. This paper proposes a multi-interface gateway design method, the ZigBee networking process, an interaction principle for interference verification, and an ELT-based interactive control mechanism, respectively. A testbed of an interference-aware wireless network which includes the gateway prototype has also been created for performance evaluation. Node-to-node spacing, packet loss error and energy consumption performance tests have been done to realize the optimization of deployment and distribution of the home networking nodes. The results of this thesis lay a good foundation for further study and promotion of smart home network system.
A reciprocal transplant study of activity, body size, and winter survivorship in juvenile lizards from two sites at different altitude

Abstract We examined activity rates prior to hibernation, age-adjusted body size, growth rates, and probability of recapture after spring emergence of juveniles from 2 populations of the lizard Psammodromus algirus separated by 600–700 m altitude. We captured gravid females, incubated the eggs, and released the juveniles into the wild. We used a reciprocal transplant design in a year of severe drought to distinguish between environmental and population-specific sources of variation. The levels of autumn activity differed between release sites (activity was higher at the more productive, high-elevation site) and between maternal sites of origin (at the low-elevation site, juveniles of low-elevation origin were less active than those of high-elevation origin). Although clutch mass was similar at both sites, eggs from low-elevation females were larger but fewer than those from high-elevation ones. Larger juveniles and those from high-elevation clutches had higher survival rates. The juveniles recaptured in autumn at the low-elevation site were smaller as neonates than those that were not recaptured until next spring. Our results suggest that the scarcity of prey at the low-elevation site is a selective pressure resulting in limitation of activity, given the increased energy expenditure and risk of predation incurred by active lizards. Thus, at the low-elevation site inactivity would be advantageous for most juveniles, and only the smaller ones would have to remain active frequently enough to accumulate sufficient reserves prior to hibernation. This is consistent with the selective advantage of large eggs (and small clutches) at the low-elevation site.
Insulation default diagnosing of GIS busbar based on fusion technique of visible and infrared images

GIS (Gas Insulated Switchgear) busbar is widely used in the power system nowadays. It is convenient and efficient to diagnose the overheating caused by insulation failure of GIS busbar through using infrared imaging method. By virtue of the definition of local image and localization accuracy of visible image, this paper aims at accurately positioning insulation faults by using image fusion technique. We used reprocessing technique and SIFT algorithm to build infrared and visible image of global area from the local images taken on the site. Multi-source image fusion method is proposed based on wavelet transform and weighted algorithm, to achieve direct visual effect of thermal defects of GIS busbar. We detect the type and location of insulation faults based on the structure of GIS busbar and thermal theory, which provides a broader prospection of insulation fault diagnosis for GIS busbar.
Age structure and body size in three populations of Darevskia rudis ( bedrIAgA , 1886 ) from different altitudes ( Squamata : Sauria : lacertidae )

Darevskia rudis (bedrIAgA, 1886) occupies a wide range of altitudes in the black Sea region of Turkey. A total of 62 individuals of this lizard from three populations/locations at different altitudes (Province of Artvin: Ardanuç, 2137 m a.s.l., borçka, 1277 m a.s.l., Çermik, 700 m a.s.l.) were studied for body size and age using skeletochronology. In both sexes, mean body size and age were smaller/lower in the highest altitude population than in the lower altitude populations. A significant positive correlation was found between age and snout-vent length in the females of the high altitude populations, however, not for Çermik females and the males of all three populations. Sexual size dimorphism was male-biased in the lowest (Çermik) population, but female-biased in the higher altitude (borçka and Ardanuç) populations. The skeletochronological analyses revealed distinct differences in body size and age structure between low and high altitude populations of D. rudis.
Deployment of a fast and accurate hybrid FEM/M0M/FEBI/SBR+ methodology for ship EMC design

Ships today have several installed radio frequency systems generating a high potential of electromagnetic interference. There are standards that limits the electric field and/or power density where personnel, weapon, avionics, equipment and fuel are located or installed in the ship for safety reasons. Electromagnetic full wave simulations are hardly used to investigate this issue due to the extremely large electrical size of the ships, requiring a great amount of computational effort. Asymptotic solvers can be used for this purpose but lack the high accuracy found on full wave solvers. This paper proposes a hybrid FEM/MoM/FEBI/SBR+ methodology to simulate high frequency (>10GHz) ship models maintaining a high accuracy through high advanced physics diffraction and at the same time reducing the computer memory usage and simulation time.
Fast Dawid-Skene: A Fast Vote Aggregation Scheme for Sentiment Classification

Many real world problems can now be effectively solved using supervised machine learning. A major roadblock is often the lack of an adequate quantity of labeled data for training. A possible solution is to assign the task of labeling data to a crowd, and then infer the true label using aggregation methods. A well-known approach for aggregation is the Dawid-Skene (DS) algorithm, which is based on the principle of Expectation-Maximization (EM). We propose a new simple, yet effective, EM-based algorithm, which can be interpreted as a `hard' version of DS, that allows much faster convergence while maintaining similar accuracy in aggregation. We show the use of this algorithm as a quick and effective technique for online, real-time sentiment annotation. We also prove that our algorithm converges to the estimated labels at a linear rate. Our experiments on standard datasets show a significant speedup in time taken for aggregation - upto $\sim$8x over Dawid-Skene and $\sim$6x over other fast EM methods, at competitive accuracy performance. The code for the implementation of the algorithms can be found at this https URL
Use of creative materials for fingerprint spoofs

The aim of this article is to describe the usage of creative materials for fingerprint spoofs. The majority of these materials are used in some kind of modeling (hence creative materials). In total 21 materials were tested. PCB mold was created from fingerprints taken by various semi-cooperative methods. Using this mold the first set of materials was tested. From these materials the best ones were chosen to be the second stage. Spoofs from the second stage were acquired by several sensors and evaluated by NFIQ and COTS product software. The most promising materials which were tested are latex, Siligum and wax sheet.
Insight Into the Interaction Between RNA Polymerase and VPg for Murine Norovirus Replication

Norovirus (NoV) is a leading cause of epidemic acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis, and replicates through virion protein genome-linked (VPg)-primed or de novo RNA synthesis by RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). VPg is a multifunctional protein that plays crucial roles in viral protein translation and genome replication. However, the interaction between the RdRp and this multifunctional VPg in NoV replication has been unknown. In this study, VPg derived from murine NoV (MNV) was found to mediate the formation of higher-order multimers or tubular fibrils of MNV RdRp, which led to significantly enhanced polymerase activity in vitro. The replication of MNV mutants containing a VPg-binding defective RdRp, based on the crystal structure of an RdRp-VPg(1-73) complex, was completely blocked in a cell culture system. Our data suggest that the interaction between RdRp and VPg plays a crucial role in the multimerization-mediated RdRp activity in vivo and consequently in MNV replication, which can provide a new target of therapeutic intervention for NoV outbreaks.
Active Structure-from-Motion for 3D Straight LinesBehaviors* This work was partially supported by the Portuguese FCT grants PD/Bd/135015/2017 (through the NETSys Doctoral Program) & SFRH/BPD/111495/2015, and ISRILARSyS Strategic Funding by the FCT project PEst-OE/EEI/LA0009/2013.

A reliable estimation of 3D parameters is a must for several applications like planning and control, in which is included Image-Based Visual Servoing. This control scheme depends directly on 3D parameters, e.g. depth of points, and/or depth and direction of 3D straight lines. Recently, a framework for Active Structure-from-Motion was proposed, addressing the former feature type. However, straight lines were not addressed. These are 1D objects, which allow for more robust detection, and tracking. In this work, the problem of Active Structure-from-Motion for 3D straight lines is addressed. An explicit representation of these features is presented, and a change of variables is proposed. The latter allows the dynamics of the line to respect the conditions for observability of the framework. A control law is used with the purpose of keeping the control effort reasonable, while achieving a desired convergence rate. The approach is validated first in simulation for a single line, and second using a real robot setup. The latter set of experiments are conducted first for a single line, and then for three lines.
Design of an Antenna Decoupling Structure for an Inband Full-Duplex Collinear Dipole Array

Single-frequency full-duplex (SFD) wireless communication can increase the efficiency of bandwidth utilization by ideally doubling the spectral efficiency. SFD can be achieved by reducing the level of the self-interference between the transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) to the RX noise floor. This communication describes a novel decoupling structure to increase the isolation for a collinear dipole array which retains the omnidirectional radiation patterns of the dipole antennas. The structure is based on a parasitic element which couples power from the TX antenna and reradiates it with orthogonal polarized elements canceling the original field around the RX antenna. A novel analysis is presented for the decoupling structure in which the phase and amplitude radiation pattern of the decoupling structure is calculated. The obtained isolation is more than 50 dB according to the simulation and measurement results for a bandwidth of 11%, fulfilling the required electromagnetic isolation for a full-duplex system in indoor device-to-device communications.
Common emitter and cascode topologies at G band: A comparative study on a single stage 183 GHz power amplifier

At mm-wave and sub-Thz frequencies, the power amplifier gain, and output power are limited due to high conductor losses. The selection of a topology for the design of power amplifier (PA) becomes questionable due to small gain. Therefore, this paper presents the design of single stage power amplifier at 183 GHz using common emitter (CE) and Cascode topology. The two topologies are contrasting in terms of maximum available gain, stability factor, optimum impedances, output power, and efficiency. From the full EM simulation, we found that CE topology is less sensitive to interconnects in comparison to Cascode topology. In addition, CE PA provides better output power, and efficiency than Cascode PA. However, the gain of CE PA is very small in comparison to Cascode PA which makes it non-suitable for sub-THz power amplifier design.
Electric field distribution of UHVAC basin-type insulator with very fast transient overvoltage in GIS

UHV AC GIS Basin type insulator is the key component of the gas insulated substation (GIS). The stability and reliability operation determines the insulation strength level of GIS. However, because of the characteristic of switchgear in GIS, the very fast transient overvoltage (VFTO) occurs with high frequency, amplitude and gradient, which will threaten the safety of insulation. In the past time, electric field distribution with VFTO was calculated by traditional method which used the peak voltage as the boundary condition. In this paper, a transient method which have the effect of wave front in consideration was proposed. A circuit model of GIS was built to simulate the VFTO, and than a equivalent bevel flat top wave of VFTO was used to be a boundary condition. Eventually, a basic finite element model was established by using COMSOL, and the electric field was obtained when the wave pass through center conductor in instantaneous condition. Electric field distribution in different time were shown. Results indicated that when the wave process was in consideration, the electric field will be distorted and comparing with traditional method, it will make the electric strength increase.
Detection of IJTAG attacks using LDPC-based feature reduction and machine learning

IEEE 1687 standard (IJTAG), as an extension to the IEEE 1149.1, facilitates efficient access to embedded instruments by supporting reconfigurable scan networks. Specifically, IJTAG allows each IP to be wrapped by a test data register (TDR) whose access is controlled by a segment insertion bit (SIB) or a scan-mux control bit (SCB). Because the TDRs and the SIB/SCB network are typically not public, but critical for accessing embedded instruments, they might be used for illegitimate purposes, such as dumping credential data and reverse engineering IP design. Machine learning has been proposed to detect such attacks, but the large number of instruments and parallel execution enabled by the IJTAG produce high-dimensional data, which poses a challenge to on-chip detection. In this paper, we propose to reduce the high-dimensional but sparse data using a low-density parity-check (LDPC) matrix. Experiments using a modified version of the OpenSPARC T2 to include IJTAG functionality demonstrate that the use of feature reduction eliminates 91% of the features, leading to 43% reduction in circuit size without affecting detection accuracy. Also, the on-chip detector adds moderate overhead (∼ 8%) to the IJTAG.
Effect of biometeorological variables on the onset of phenophases derived from MODIS data and visual observations

Abstract In this study we analyzed the effect of selected biometeorological variables on the onset of phenophases in three beech stands in different climatic areas (warm, moderately warm and cold). We have focused on two phenophases - leaf unfolding and leaf colouring. Timing of both phenophases was identified visually and using series of MODIS satellite images. The data were collected during a 13-year period (2000-2012). For the spring period, we found a significant dependence between temperature and precipitation-based biometeorological variables and leaf unfolding in both datasets - those based on visual and remote sensing-based observations. The average air temperature in the period from February-April was the most significant factor which initiated the onset of beginning of leaf unfolding in all three investigated stands. The evapotranspiration-based biometeorological variables (climatic water balance, actual evapotranspiration, dryness index) had no effect on the onset of the beginning of leaf unfolding observed using both methods. The high precipitation totals in April caused the later onset of leaf unfolding in all stands. The relationship between the first autumn phenophase - leaf colouring and biometeorological variables was found significant in beech stand in the warm climatic area only. Abstrakt V práci sme analyzovali vplyv biometeorologických premenných na nástup fenologických fáz v troch bukových porastoch nachádzajúcich sa v rozdielnych klimatických oblastiach (teplej, mierne teplej a studenej). Sledovanými fenofázami boli začiatok zalistenia a začiatok žltnutia listov. Ich nástup bol sledovaný vizuálne a s použitím satelitných údajov MODIS. Pozorovania prebiehali počas 13-ročného obdobia (2000-2012). V jarnom období sme zistili významný vplyv biometeorologických premenných založených na teplote a zrážkach na začiatok zalistenia bukových porastov zisteného obomi - vizuálnym aj satelitným sledovaním. Najvýznamnejšou z týchto premenných bola priemerná teplota vzduchu od februára do apríla, ktorá vyvolávala skorší nástup začiatku zalistenia na všetkých troch bukových stanovištiach. Vyššie úhrny zrážok v mesiaci apríl spôsobovali na sledovaných stanovištiach neskorší nástup tejto fenofázy. Naopak, premenné založené na evapotranspirácií (klimatická vodná bilancia, aktuálna evapotranspirácia, index sucha) nemali žiaden vplyv na začiatok zalistenia zistený oboma metódami. Vzťah medzi prvou jesennou fenofázou - začiatkom žltnutia listov a biometeorologickými premennými bol významný iba na bukovom stanovišti nachádzajúcom sa v teplej klimatickej oblasti.
Every Breath You Take: Non-invasive Real-Time Oxygen Biosensing in Two- and Three-Dimensional Microfluidic Cell Models

Knowledge on the availability of dissolved oxygen inside microfluidic cell culture systems is vital for recreating physiological-relevant microenvironments and for providing reliable and reproducible measurement conditions. It is important to highlight that in vivo cells experience a diverse range of oxygen tensions depending on the resident tissue type, which can also be recreated in vitro using specialized cell culture instruments that regulate external oxygen concentrations. While cell-culture conditions can be readily adjusted using state-of-the-art incubators, the control of physiological-relevant microenvironments within the microfluidic chip, however, requires the integration of oxygen sensors. Although several sensing approaches have been reported to monitor oxygen levels in the presence of cell monolayers, oxygen demands of microfluidic three-dimensional (3D)-cell cultures and spatio-temporal variations of oxygen concentrations inside two-dimensional (2D) and 3D cell culture systems are still largely unknown. To gain a better understanding on available oxygen levels inside organ-on-a-chip systems, we have therefore developed two different microfluidic devices containing embedded sensor arrays to monitor local oxygen levels to investigate (i) oxygen consumption rates of 2D and 3D hydrogel-based cell cultures, (ii) the establishment of oxygen gradients within cell culture chambers, and (iii) influence of microfluidic material (e.g., gas tight vs. gas permeable), surface coatings, cell densities, and medium flow rate on the respiratory activities of four different cell types. We demonstrate how dynamic control of cyclic normoxic-hypoxic cell microenvironments can be readily accomplished using programmable flow profiles employing both gas-impermeable and gas-permeable microfluidic biochips.