Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A correlational inference-based unscented total Kalman filter for integrated navigation

An unscented total Kalman filter (UTKF) estimator with nonlinear dynamic errors-in-variables (DEIV) model is derived based on correlational inference. The proposed UTKF considers all random errors in both system and observation equations and is a Jacobian matrix free alternative to the existing TKF estimators. In particular, this estimator is applied to the inertial navigation system (INS)/ultra-wideband (UWB) integration, in which the marginalised unscented transformation (MUT) as well as the use of generalised Rodrigues parameter (GRP) for attitude updates are embedded into the UTKF to improve the computational efficiency and deal with the dimensional mismatching problems. Furthermore, a theoretical analysis to the effects of DEIV model on total Kalman filter is given. Simulation test has been conducted to compare the performance of UTKF and standard unscented Kalman filter (UKF) in terms of attitude, velocity and position errors. The results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed estimator.
Genetic and phenotypic parameter estimates for growth, yield and meat quality traits in lamb

The Meat and Wool New Zealand Central Progeny Test has evaluated 143 sires from terminal and dual purpose breeds for meat yield and growth. Meat quality traits, including pH, fat and meat colour (CIE L*, CIE a*, CIE b*) have also been measured. This paper determines genetic variation in these quality traits and their correlations with growth and meat yield. Progeny were drafted for slaughter at a threshold live weight of 34 kg at weaning and 36 kg for subsequent slaughters. Fat colour, eye muscle meat colour and meat pH were measured 24 hours post-slaughter, with meat colour measured after a 30 minute bloom. Heritabilities and genetic correlations between traits were calculated from the measurements. Data were analysed with a linear mixed model in ASReml. Results showed significant variation among sires for meat quality. Heritabilities were moderate for most meat quality traits: fat colour (CIE b* 0.42), initial meat colour (CIE L* 0.29, CIE a* 0.19) and pH (0.12). Relationships between meat quality and yield/growth showed that meat CIE L* had a positive genetic correlation with weaning weight (0.42). Simulated index selection for growth rate and meat yield predicted a small increase in meat lightness and decline in fat yellowness (0.231 and -0.227 units per generation and unit selection intensity, respectively).
Identification of a microsatellite marker associated with stem rust resistance gene Sr35 in wheat

A segregating population from the cross ‘2137’/CRL-Sr35 was made to identify molecular markers linked to the stem rust resistance gene Sr35 that provides resistance against many devastating races, including QTH and TTKS (or Ug99), in wheat. Ninety-eight F 2 plants were inoculated with a stem rust isolate of race QTH. Infection type and severity were evaluated 10 days after inoculation. Twenty-one microsatellite primer pairs were tested for polymorphism among parental lines and F 2 population. Resistance was conferred by a dominant gene ( � 2 =1.01, P=0.48). Out of four primer pairs (Xgwm155, Xgwm391, Xgwm497 and Xfca2076) only two markers (i.e. Xgwm391 and Xcfa2076) retained significance at � = 0.05. GWM391 revealed a polymorphic fragment of 200 bp found only in the susceptible bulk and 2137. In contrast, Xcfa2076 amplified polymorphic fragments of 210 bp in the resistant bulk and CRL-Sr35. Using linkage analysis Xgwm391 was found to be relatively close to Sr35 with a genetic distance of 12.2 cM. Although they have not retained significance at � = 0.05, the markers Xgwm155 and Xgwm497 have genetic distances of 4.6 and 12.1 cM from the Sr35 gene. While searching for closer marker continues, wheat breeders should be obviously benefited by using these markers in their selection of Sr35 in their battle against the brutal stem rust race Ug99 . Further mapping attempts in this chromosomal region with more markers and larger F 2 and/or F 2:3 sample sizes are warranted to identify closer and more efficient markers for Sr35 .
Effects of fire and grazing in an arid grasslandecosystem

We examined short-term responses of grasses, shrubs, and rodents on experimental plots to determine how manipulations of livestock grazing and prescribed fire affect individual species and community structure in a shrub-invaded arid grassland. Two grasses and Gutierrezia sarothrae were found in lower abundance on burned plots in the growing season after plots burned; all Prosopis glandulosa survived the fire. Total rodent captures and the number of Dipodomys spectabilis did not differ among treatments. No significant interaction between burning and grazing was observed. Fire seems to have few short-term negative effects on species in this system.
Mortality in eggs of pear psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae) caused by fenoxycarb in combination with a water drench

Applications of the insect growth regulator fenoxycarb in pear before the appearance of foliage kills the eggs of pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster), laid on newly expanded foliage 4 weeks after the application. We hypothesized that water in the form of rainfall or overhead irrigation transports the product from sprayed wood onto new foliage in sufficient amounts that eggs on foliage are killed. We tested this hypothesis by covering fenoxycarb-sprayed limbs with waterproof plastic, removing the covers 4 weeks later, immediately drenching half of the limbs with water, and then comparing egg hatch on drenched and non-drenched limbs. We also monitored egg hatch on uncovered limbs. Egg mortality 4 weeks after the application was two-fold higher on limbs drenched with water than on covered, non-drenched limbs (52% vs 26%). Mortality on limbs without fenoxycarb was less than 10%. Eggs deposited on fenoxycarb-treated but uncovered limbs also showed high rates of mortality (33-44%), which may have been due to rainfall in mid-April transporting fenoxycarb onto foliage. Key words: pear psylla; insect growth regulators; Yakima Washington
In silico characterisation and homology modelling of a pathogenesis-related protein from Saccharum arundinaceum

Abstract Pathogenesis related 10 (PR10) proteins are small, cytosolic proteins sharing a similar three-dimensional structure and diverse functions. The present study aimed to characterise in silico the PR10.1 protein from Saccharum arundinaceum (SaPR10.1), a wild relative of sugarcane. SaPR10.1 is a hydrophilic small acidic protein (17 kDa) that lacks the P-loop motif presumed to be involved in the RNase activity for some PR-10 proteins. Predictions of a rich secondary structure present in SaPR10.1 led us to a protein model that suggests SaPR10.1 can bind to more than one molecule of trans-zeatin using molecular docking. This finding suggests that SaPR10.1, differently from the orthologs, can be involved in more efficient depletion of free trans-zeatin. This idea is reinforced by the phylogenetic analysis, which showed both variants SaPR10 and SaPR10.1 closely related to other monocot species like sorghum, maize, and broomcorn millet and not to wheat.
Speech Quality Classifier Model based on DBN that Considers Atmospheric Phenomena

Current implementations of 5G networks consider higher frequency range of operation than previous telecommu nication networks, and it is possible to offer higher data rates for different applications. On the other hand, atmospheric phe nomena could have a more negative impact on the transmission quality. Thus, the study of the transmitted signal quality at high frequencies is relevant to guaranty the user s quality of experience. In this research, the recommendations ITU-R P.838- 3 and ITU-R P.676-11 are implemented in a network scenario, which are methodologies to estimate the signal degradations originated by rainfall and atmospheric gases, respectively. Thus, speech signals are encoded by the AMR-WB codec, transmitted and the perceptual speech quality is evaluated using the algorithm described in ITU-T Rec. P.863, mostly known as POLQA. The novelty of this work is to propose a non-intrusive speech quality classifier that considers atmospheric phenomena. This classifier is based on Deep Belief Networks (DBN) that uses Support Vector Machine (SVM) with radial basis function kernel (RBF-SVM) as classifier, to identify five predefined speech quality classes. Experimental Results show that the proposed speech quality classifier reached an accuracy between 92% and 95% for each quality class overcoming the results obtained by the sole non- intrusive standard described in ITU-T Recommendation P.563. Furthermore, subjective tests are carried out to validate the proposed classifier performance, and it reached an accuracy of 94.8%.
Análisis faunístico de vertebrados de las toscas del Río de La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina): un yacimiento paleontológico en desaparición

Faunistic analisys of vertebrates from las toscas del Rio de La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina): a palaeontological site in disappearance. At the coast of the rio de la Plata in the Buenos Aires city lies a classic paleontological site, known as toscas del Rio de La Plata or simple as las toscas. It has been studied for over 120 years and, although it has been widely spread, today is only possible to observe it during low tide. For this reason, most of the available materials are those collected during the first half of the XXth century, and that so far have only been incorporated into scarce taxonomic reviews. Among the fossils collected in las toscas highlights Glyptodon munizi Ameghino, Neosclerocalyptus pseudornatus Ameghino, Mesotherium cristatum Serres, Arctotherium angustidens Gervais y Ameghino and Theriodictis platensis (Mercerat); all are exclusive species from the Ensenadan Stage (early to -middle Pleistocene). The sediments of las toscas were deposited during times of normal polarity, more precisely during the Jaramillo event (Chron C1r1n, ca. de 1 Ma). Faunistic evidences (e.g. Tolypeutes, Catagonus) allow to interpret las toscas as an open environment with dry conditions and probably colder than the present.
Browsing Unicity: On the Limits of Anonymizing Web Tracking Data

Cross domain tracking has become the rule, rather than the exception, and scripts that collect behavioral data from visitors across sites have become ubiquitous on the Web. The collections form comprehensive profiles of browsing patterns and contain personal, sensitive information. This data can easily be linked back to the tracked individuals, most of whom are likely unaware of this information’s mere existence, let alone its perpetual storage and processing. As public pressure has increased, tracking companies like Google, Facebook, or Baidu now claim to anonymize their datasets, thus limiting or eliminating the possibility of linking it back to data subjects.In cooperation with Europe’s largest audience measurement association we use access to a comprehensive tracking dataset to assess both identifiability and the possibility of convincingly anonymizing browsing data. Our results show that anonymization through generalization does not sufficiently protect anonymity. Reducing unicity of browsing data to negligible levels would necessitate removal of all client and web domain information as well as click timings. In tangible adversary scenarios, supposedly anonymized datasets are highly vulnerable to dataset enrichment and shoulder surfing adversaries, with almost half of all browsing sessions being identified by just two observations. We conclude that while it may be possible to store single coarsened clicks anonymously, any collection of higher complexity will contain large amounts of pseudonymous data.
Temperature response of root‐lesion nematode (Pratylenchus thornei) reproduction on wheat cultivars has implications for resistance screening and wheat production

The root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei is a major pathogen of wheat and other field crops, particularly in the northern grain region of sub-tropical eastern Australia. Research was conducted into the temperature requirements of P. thornei for reproduction on wheat to increase the reliability of selection in resistance tests for wheat breeding. Final population densities (Pf) of P. thornei were determined on four wheat cultivars (Gatcher, GS50a, Potam and Suneca) at fortnightly intervals from 8 to 18 weeks at a range of six soil temperatures (15, 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5 and 30 oC) in a glasshouse experiment. Pratylenchus thornei had the highest Pf in the temperature range 20–25 oon all wheat cultivars at all growth times after sowing, with no nematode reproduction measured at 30oC and very little at 15oC. The wheat cv. GS50a consistently produced lower Pf than cvs Gatcher, Potam and Suneca in the optimum temperature range 20–25oC. In carrot disc cultures, P. thornei had an optimum temperature of 25oC with little reproduction at 17.5oC and none detectable at 30oC. A standard soil temperature of 23oC was chosen to maximise differences in nematode reproduction between resistant and susceptible wheat genotypes for selection in wheat breeding, and to improve reproducibility among successive experiments. The relationships derived from these experiments will be valuable for simulation of P. thornei reproduction in crop growth models. They also indicate that early sowing of wheat into cool soil (≤15oC) in farmers’ fields of the northern grain region should favour wheat growth over nematode reproduction and increase grain yield.
Storage of Soil Organic Carbon and Its Spatial Variability in an Agro-Pastoral Ecotone of Northern China

Spatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) is important for the development of ecosystem carbon cycle models and assessment of soil quality. In this study, a total of 732 soil samples from 122 soil profiles (0–10, 10–20, 20–40, 40–60, 60–80, and 80–100 cm) were collected by a combination of fixed-point sampling and route surveys in an agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China and the spatial variation of the SOC in the samples was analyzed through classical statistical and geostatistical approaches. The results showed that the SOC contents decreased from 4.31 g/kg in the 0–10 cm to 1.57 g/kg in the 80–100 cm soil layer. The spatial heterogeneity of the SOC exhibited moderate and strong dependence for all the soil layers owing to random and structural factors including soil texture, topography, and human activities. The spatial distributions of the SOC increased gradually from northeast to southwest in the 0–40 cm soil layers, but there was no general trend in deep soil layers and different interpolation methods resulted in the inconsistent spatial distribution of SOC. The storage of SOC was expected to be 25 Tg in the 0–100 cm soil depths for the whole area of 7692 km 2 . The SOC stocks estimated by two interpolation approaches were very close (25.65 vs. 25.86 Tg), but the inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation generated a more detailed map of SOC and with higher determination coefficient (R 2 ); therefore, the IDW was recognized as an appropriate method to investigate the spatial variability of SOC in this region.
A new deep-bodied species of Antigonia (Teleostei, Antigoniidae) from the Andaman Sea (northeastern Indian Ocean).

A new species of boarfish, Antigonia emanuela, is described from two specimens collected in the Andaman Sea off the coast of Myanmar during bottom trawl surveys conducted by the R/V Dr Fridtjof Nansen in 2015 and 2018. It is unique within the genus in the combination of the deeply rhomboid body (1.1-1.2 times deeper than long), nine dorsal-fin spines, premaxilla strongly bent in middle, scales with deep apical crest armed with numerous spinules, soft dorsal, anal and caudal fins bright-yellow in life. Two other Antigonia species captured during these surveys are A. indica and A. ovalis, the latter species being a first report for the Andaman Sea.
An Accuracy Test of Qibla Direction Measurement of Mosques and Prayer Rooms

Qibla direction plays a pivotal role and is one of the requirements for the validity of prayer (salah). If someone performs the prayer without facing the qibla, the prayer is considered to be invalid accordingly. The mosque and prayer room buildings around the campus of Universitas Islam Bandung precisely in Bandung Wetan district, are necessary to be reexamined for the accuracy of their qibla direction seeing that there are several mosques found by researchers are not in accordance with the actual qibla direction. This study aims to verify the accuracy of the direction of the mosques and the prayer rooms in order that it can be mapped which ones follow the accurate direction of the qibla and vice versa. A qualitative approach was used in this study so as the data obtained directly from field observations could be analyzed for its validity. The measurement of qibla direction is inseparable from a number of cosmographical instruments such as theodolite, mizwala, compass sunto, google earth, and GPS. The results of this study are that most mosque buildings merely make use of a magnetic compass to locate qibla direction without firstly carrying out calibration. The largest deviation is 7 ° 6 '(seven degrees six minutes) to the south.
Divergent thinking and academic performance of students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder characteristics in engineering

Creativity is increasingly recognized as an important skill for success in the field of engineering, but most traditional, post‐secondary engineering education programs do not reward creative efforts. Failing to recognize creativity or creative efforts can have particularly negative effects for those students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), who may exhibit enhanced divergent thinking ability yet struggle in the traditional educational environment.
Fur / RyhB 调控禽致病性大肠杆菌运动性机制的研究

大肠杆菌的运动性主要由鞭毛提供动力，鞭毛是致病性大肠杆菌重要毒力因子之一，本文通过探究Fur及其负调控的非编码RNA——RyhB对禽致病性大肠杆菌（APEC）运动性的影响，为探索防控禽大肠杆菌病的潜在靶点提供科学依据。 通过Red同源重组方法构建AE17△Fur和AE17△Fur/RyhB，比较缺失株与原始株运动性特征，结合转录组学数据探究Fur和RyhB对APEC鞭毛以及生物被膜形成的影响。 结果显示成功构建了AE17△Fur和AE17△Fur/RyhB，转录组学结果显示Fur的缺失基本上使所有鞭毛相关的基因下调。 Fur的缺失使APEC的运动性显著减弱，RyhB对APEC的运动性没有显著影响，△Fur/RyhB较△Fur运动能力有所增加。 △Fur和△Fur/RyhB生物被膜形成能力显著增强，△RyhB生物被膜形成减弱，与运动性趋势基本一致。 Fur对禽致病性大肠杆菌的鞭毛组装有非常重要的作用，其负调控的RyhB一定程度上可以抑制这种作用机制的影响，并进一步影响了生物被膜的形成，为寻找相关药物靶点提供可能。
Changes Detection of Ice Dimension in Cheonji, Baekdu Mountain Using Sentinel-1 Image Classification

Cheonji, the largest caldera lake in Asia, is located at the summit of Baekdu Mountain. Cheonji is covered with snow and ice for about six months of the year due to its high altitude and its surrounding environment. Since most of the sources of water are from groundwater, the water temperature is closely related to the volcanic activity. However, in the 2000s, many volcanic activities have been monitored on the mountain. In this study, we analyzed the dimension of ice produced during winter in Baekdu Mountain using Sentinel-1 satellite image data provided by the European Space Agency (ESA). In order to calculate the dimension of ice from the backscatter image of the Sentinel-1 satellite, 20 GrayLevel Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) layers were generated from two polarization images using texture analysis. The method used in calculating the area was utilized with the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm to classify the GLCM layer which is to calculate the dimension of ice in the image. Also, the calculated area was correlated with temperature data obtained from Samjiyeon weather station. This study could be used as a basis for suggesting an alternative to the new method of calculating the area of ice before using a long-term time series analysis on a full scale.
GENUS COCCINELLA (COCCINELLIDAE: COLEOPTERA) FROM GILGIT- BALTISTAN WITH TWO NEW RECORDS FROM PAKISTAN

The genusCoccinellafrom Gilgit-Baltistan wasrevisedand four species were confirmed.Coccinella iranicaand C. redemitaare reported here as new records for Pakistan . Diagnostic characters of each species aregiven along withcolourmarkingsofelytraand detail structure of genitalia. Remarks pertaining to taxonomic discussion, history, taxon omy status and regional recordof distribution are given for each species.
Evaluating spectral indices for estimating burned areas in the case of Izmir / Turkey

Mapping and determination of fire damaged areas in an accurate and prompt way is essential for identifying environmental losses caused by fires, post-fire management activities and planning strategies. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the performance spectral indices for discriminating burned and unburned areas in the immediate post-fire environment in the case of Gaziemir, Buca and Karabaglar districts of Izmir metropolitan city where one of the forest fires occurred in the 18rd August 2019. For this, whilst a Sentinel 2A (26th August 2019) was used to map burned / unburned areas as the reference dataset, two Landsat 8 satellite images (7th and 28th August 2019) were used for the calculation of spectral indices. The spectral indices of normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), atmospherically resistant vegetation index (ARVI), two versions of normalised burn ratio (NBR and NBR2) and burnt area index (BAI) were calculated for the selected two dates as well as pre-fire and post-fire temporal differences in those indices. For the performance comparison of spectral indices, binary maps of burned and unburned areas were created and separability index (SI) was calculated for pre/post-fire differenced spectral indices. Our results suggest that NBR2, NDVI and ARVI had the highest potential for discriminating burned areas, respectively. Even though the value of separability indices was different from each other where NBR and BAI had the lowest values, that doesn’t necessarily mean these indices cannot discriminate burned areas, since the separation of burned and unburned areas highly depend on spatio-temporal circumstances like vegetation types and time lags between image acquisition dates.
When plants socialize: symbioses and root development.

Plant roots encounter a large variety of living organisms in the soil. Some soil microorganisms associate with plant roots to form symbiotic interactions. In this chapter, we describe the establishment of two widespread and important sym- biotic associations: mycorrhizae and actinorhizae; and the developmental changes that they induce both at the site of interaction and on the whole root system.
The unintended consequences of biotechnology innovation adoption

ABSTRACT We conjecture that adoption of agricultural biotech innovation imposes relationship-specific investments that exacerbate hold-up costs between biotech producers and farmers. Moreover, the increasing presence of biotech reduces biodiversity, which is a significant negative externality on food production across farms. As such, increasing biotech has the potential to exacerbate food insecurity. By contrast, certified organic operations have the potential to have the opposite effect. We examine 15 agrarian states in the U.S. and find evidence strongly consistent with these propositions. We discuss implications for policy, practice, and future research.