Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The use of multiple restriction enzymes in terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and identification of performance-related caecal bacterial groups in growing broiler chickens

SUMMARY Four restriction enzymes (AluI, HhaI, MspI and RsaI), either individually or in combination, were used in terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis to: (i) characterize the chicken intestinal bacterial community; and (ii) tentatively identify intestinal bacterial groups related with increased performance parameters in broiler chickens. Balanced commercial diets free of any feed antibiotics were offered to broilers assigned randomly to one of the five dietary treatments: control (C) (commercial diet with no additive), inulin (I), fructose caramel, propyl propane thiosulphonate (PTS-O)-45 and PTS-O-90. Except for the inulin-supplemented diet, multivariate statistical analysis of T-RFLP profiles based on individual enzymes or their combinations showed that the caecal bacterial community composition was significantly different among diets, particularly between the control and the supplemented diets. Individual RsaI and the combination AluI + RsaI proved to be the most useful to discriminate between dietary treatments. Clostridiaceae 1, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae and Micrococcaceae were tentatively identified as those families most likely to be implicated in defining the caecal microbiota composition of growing broiler chickens, and also as those most closely related with differences in productive parameters.
Detection and Quantification of Cryptosporidium parvum in Natural Soil Matrices and Leachates Using qPCR

Detection and quantification of Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) oocysts in natural soil matrix and leachates are critical to elucidate the fate and transport of C. parvum in the nature, assess the risk of contamination of water resources and potential threat to public health. Traditional detection and quantification methods are time-consuming, labor-intensive, lack of sensitivity and specificity. Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) overcomes the limitations in traditional methods and produces sensitive and accurate detections of small numbers of C. parvum. A few qPCR studies were present in the literature for detection and quantification of C. parvum in environmental water samples; however C. parvum in natural soil matrices and leachates have not been researched yet. This research was focused on developing a qPCR protocol for sensitive and specific detection and quantification of C. parvum in natural soil matrices and leachates. The physicochemical parameters—lysis media (TE buffer, Chelex-100), number of thermal shocks (5, 10 or 15) and thawing temperatures (37, 65 or 95oC)—controlling the DNA extraction efficiency were investigated. The oocyst age was found to be the most critical parameter affecting the oocyst disruption and it was found to be less dependent when oocysts were disrupted in TE than in Chelex-100 buffer. Changes in thawing temperature and number of thermal shocks were found more remarkable in aged than in young oocysts and increasing the number of thermal shocks beyond five did not improve the oocyst disruption. The most efficient oocyst disruption method for C. parvum oocysts regardless of their age was then established as 5 thermal shocks with thawing at 65oC in TE buffer. The DNA extraction method was coupled with purification columns to remove PCR inhibitors in environmental samples and additional PCR facilitators—MgCl2 and BSA—were examined to remove residual inhibitors and improve the amplicon yield. The combination of 3 mM MgCl2 and 600 ng/µl BSA yielded highest amplicon yield for both young and aged oocysts. The optimized parameters of DNA extraction and qPCR assay provided very specific and sensitive detections of C. parvum in our study. The minimum detection limit was 0.667 for young and 6.67 for aged C. parvum per PCR reaction and the accuracy of the detections and quantifications were 0.999. The performance of developed protocol was further tested in contrasting soil and leachate samples on the basis of PR values. Mean PR values were calculated as 40±20% Trenton, Greenson and Sparta soil leachates and 43±13% for DI water. Sucrose flotation was determined as a better isolation method than two-phase flotation and it was further experimented for varying concentrations of C. parvum. The lowest and highest PR values were determined as 4.3% and 107.8%, respectively.
Finding the Right Words

This paper examines first steps in identifying and compiling human-generated corpora for the purpose of determining the quality of computer-generated video descriptions. This is part of a study whose general ambition is to broaden the reach of accessible audiovisual content through semi-automation of its description for the benefit of both end-users (content consumers) and industry professionals (content creators). Working in parallel with machine-derived video and image description datasets created for the purposes of advancing computer vision research, such as Microsoft COCO (Lin et al., 2015) and TGIF (Li et al., 2016), we examine the usefulness of audio descriptive texts as a direct comparator. Cognisant of the limitations of this approach, we also explore alternative human-generated video description datasets including bespoke content description. Our research forms part of the MeMAD (Methods for Managing Audiovisual Data) project, funded by the EU Horizon 2020 programme.
Bio-functionalized Gold Nanoparticles: A Potent Probe for Profound Antibacterial Efficiency through Drug Delivery System

In the present manuscript, we reported extracellular biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles through extract of leaves from Dictyota dichotoma. Biosynthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV– Vis spectroscopy, HRTEM, EDX and FTIR spectroscopy. The polyshaped gold nanoparticles of size 8±21 nm were synthesized. The antibacterial activities were observed by the agar well diffusion method for the action of Streptomycin and Gentamycin and their formulation with biocapped gold nanoparticles. The profound efficacies were supported by the increase in fold area of inhibition against the tested bacteria. The appropriate cause of this divergence has also been discussed due to suitable binding of biogenic gold nanoparticles with drugs and supports these findings to overcome the conflict of previously reported data.
Choosing Species to Enhance Native Plant Abundance Following Biological Control of Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula)

©2016 by the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System. Choosing Species to Enhance Native Plant Abundance Following Biological Control of Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Peter Lesica (corresponding author: Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, peter.lesica@mso.umt.edu), David Hanna (The Nature Conservancy, P.O. Box 825, Choteau, MT 59422) and Nathan Birkeland (The Nature Conservancy, 26 Meltwater Road, Choteau, MT 59422).
Atividade alelopática do extrato aquoso de sementes de jurema preta na germinação de alface

Jurema preta (Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir. ) is a tree that is common in the semi-arid Northeast Region of Brazil. Its canopy is host to a number of species and M. tenuiflora may have allelopathic effects. This study aims to determine the allelopathic potential of aqueous extract of seeds of M. tenuiflora on seed germination and seedling growth in lettuce. Two experiments were conducted: one with the extract obtained at room temperature (25 °C) and another with the extract obtained at 100 °C. The experimental design was completely randomized with five standard concentrations of the extract (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) with five replications of 20 seeds. We evaluated the germination percentage (G), germination speed index (IVG), percentage of normal (PN) and abnormal (PA) seedlings, shoot (CPA) and root (CR) length of lettuce seedlings. The pH and conductivity of all extracts were measured. There was a negative allelopathic effect on seed and seedling growth in lettuce, with inhibition of the growth of the root and hypocotyl. The extract obtained at 100 °C at a concentration of 100% drastically reduced the germination of lettuce. The extracts at 75 and 100% obtained at room temperature and at 100 °C caused any abnormality in lettuce seedlings. It is thus concluded that aqueous extracts of seeds of M. tenuiflora have a negative allelopathic effect on seed and seedling growth in lettuce. ARTIGO doi:10.4322/rca.2012. 001 Silveira et al. / Rev. Ci. Agra. , v.54, n.2, p.101-106, Mai/Ago 2011
Technological Development of Biomass and the Challenge of Complete and Efficient Sporulation of Bacillus Coagulans Bvb5

The present study aims to develop an efficient industrial fermentation process that promotes the increase of sporulated biomass in a single batch of Bacillus coagulans BVB5. Preliminary studies of various culture media were performed in Erlenmeyer flasks for 96 hours in a shaker at 44 °C and 240 rpm, and the degree of sporulation was analyzed. The culture media tested were glucose, yeast extract, peptone based medium (GYP), GYP with salts (GYPs), glucose, yeast extract, tryptone based medium (GYT), soy protein, yeast extract, sodium chloride based medium (FNY), 50% FNY (FNY50), glucose, soy protein, potassium salts based medium (DSK) and 50% DSK (DSK50). The results had shown that the FNY50 medium obtained a higher degree of sporulation of 100% followed by FNY with 99.99%, whereas media containing relatively large amounts of glucose such as GYP, GYPs and GYT did not exhibit satisfactory sporulation. The reduction of the cost and consequent increase of the efficiency in the preparation of a probiotic microorganism of BVB5 in the DVS format are the main benefits of reducing the time of the fermentation/sporulation process. For this, more studies are ne
Developmental morphology and phylogeny of Paraglossum amsleri sp. nov. (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta), a species from Antarctica previously known as Delesseria lancifolia

Abstract: Paraglossum amsleri S. -M. Lin & Hommersand sp. nov. (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta), a species previously reported as Delesseria lancifolia from the Antarctic Peninsula and associated Antarctic Islands, was investigated based on rbcL sequence analysis and morphological evidence. The genetic distance between the type species, Paraglossum lancifolium and ‘D. lancifolia’ from Antarctica was 3.8% (52 pairwise differences); whereas, the interspecific genetic divergence within the genus Paraglossum ranged from 0.95% to 6.96% (13–95 pairwise base differences). Procarps and cystocarps were formed in bladelets with broad bases borne along the margins of the midrib and macroscopic veins or scattered over the thallus surface in P. lancifolium; whereas, they were formed in bladelets with short stalks borne along the midrib and macroscopic veins in P. amsleri. Tetrasporangia were formed in bladelets initiated from surface cells in P. lancifolium but were produced in cells in linear files alongside the margins and from the surfaces of the midrib and macroscopic veins in P. amsleri. Intercalary cell divisions were absent in primary cell rows that formed the midrib in all species of Paraglossum but occurred frequently in second and higher orders of cell rows. Fourth-order cell rows were produced both abaxially and adaxially in P. lancifolium but were formed only adaxially in rapidly growing tips of P. amsleri. Paraglossum salicifolium, the only other species of this genus known from Antarctica, exhibited a pattern of vegetative growth similar to that seen in P. amsleri. The formation of uniseriate filaments from the pericarps of P. salicifolium was a character that that clearly distinguished this species from P. amsleri, in which the pericarps were smooth. New species combinations were proposed as Paraglossum for Delesseria crozetii Levring, Delesseria macloviana Skottsberg in Kylin & Skottsberg and Delesseria minor Baardseth.
A high energy flux state attenuates the weight loss-induced energy gap by acutely decreasing hunger and increasing satiety and resting metabolic rate

ii DEDICATION . v INTRODUCTION . 1 STUDY HYPOTHESES AND AIMS . 17 METHODS . 18 RESULTS . 29 DISCUSSION . 41 REFERENCES . 46 APENDIX . 51 CONSENT FORM . 51 RETROSPECTIVE HUNGER QUESTIONNAIRE . 61
Hemipilia galeata (Orchideae, Orchidaceae), a new species from Fujian Province, southeastern China

A new orchid species, Hemipilia galeata , is described and illustrated from Wuyi Mountains, Fujian Province, southeastern China, and included in a phylogenetic analysis using the nuclear ribosomal ITS and three plastid markers ( matK , trnL intron and trnL-F spacer) DNA. This species is a member of H. section Hemipilia sensu Tang et al. and is distinguished from other species in Hemipilia by its hemispheric dorsal sepal. It is similar to H. hemipilioides , H. occidensichuanensis and H. thailandica , but H. galeata differs by its elliptic, purple-spotted leaf, suborbicular petals, oblong lateral lip lobes and an ovate midlobe.
Biochemical characterization of legume seeds as ingredients in animal feed

The current European protein deficit is estimated as high as 70% of present needs. Because of the high protein content of their seeds, grain legumes are attractive candidates for lowering the deficiency in plant protein production. The objective of this work was to identify new sources of vegetable protein that would reduce our high dependence of soy, the main source of protein in the manufacture of feedstuffs. To achieve this goal, we determined the proximate composition, the bioactive components, as well as the antinutritional factors present in the studied seeds. In general, the protein, fat and carbohydrates content of legume seeds studied were within the limits found in the literature. The bioactive compounds detected in all the seeds were α-galactosides, myoinositol phosphates, protease inhibitors and phenols. IP 6 (phytic acid) was the main inositol phosphate form in all the samples. The highest protease inhibitors content was detected in both Lathyrus cicera cultivars. Vicia ervilia and L. cicera cultivars showed low haemagglutinating activity (20.4 HU/g). The γ-glutamyl-S-ethenyl-cysteine content in Vicia narbonensis was around 16.0 mg/g. Both L. cicera varieties presented similar β-N-oxalyl-L-α, β-diaminopropionic acid content (0.80 mg/g). The two V. ervilia varieties showed high canavanine concentration (1.93-5.28 mg/g). Vicine was only detected in V. narbonensis cultivars (0.3 mg/g). The biochemical characterization carried out in this study allows us to know the limits of inclusion of these minor crop seeds in feed formulations in order to replace the soybean.
Notes on Nebraska Reptiles

Distributional data on over 250 specimens of reptiles collected in Nebraska since Hudson's (1942) herpetofaunal survey are presented. Information on reproduction, feeding, and growth, based on the specimens, is included. Subspecific relationships of milk snakes (Lampropeltis triangulum) in southwestern Nebraska are discussed. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., Vol. 78 (1-2), 1975. Nebraska has one of the least studied herpetofaunas of any state. Very little information has appeared since Hudson's (1942) survey, and much of his natural history information was drawn from sources pertaining to other than Nebraska specimens. The need for further investigation of Nebraska reptiles is apparent. This account relates information accumulated on Nebraska reptiles during the period 1968 to 1975. Most specimens collected during that period have been deposited in either the University of Nebraska State Museum (UN) or the Florida State Museum (FSM). Those cataloged in my private collection (JBI) are to be deposited in the Nebraska State Museum. Also included in the following list are Nebraska reptiles deposited in the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan (,UMMZ) since Hudson's (1942) paper. Lengths are total lengths unless snoutvent length (SV) is indicated. Order Squamata FAMILY IGUANIDAE Holbrookia maculata Cherry Co.: Hackberry Lake (UMMZ 74715) Keith Co.: No further data (FSM 32772) Thomas Co.: Halsey (UMMZ 97501: 3 specs.) Sceloporus undulatus Chase Co.: Rt. 61 at Enders Dam (JBI 33) Cherry Co.: Hackberry Lake (UMMZ 747 16: 5 specs.) Dundy Co.: 1 mi. N. Rock Creek Fish Hatchery (JBI 30-32) A May 9, 1974, specimen (JBI 33) measured 54 mm SV, and contained four eggs, averaging 11 x 6.5 mm, in each oviduct. One of two females collected on May 9, 1974 (JBI 30) measured 40.6 mm SV and lacked eggs or enlarged follicles. The second (JBI 32) measured 50 mm SV and bore two slightly enlarged follicles (2.5 mm diameter) in her right ovary and three in her left.
Choosing exotic over the familiar taste: habitat-specific preferences of a malacophagous leech for freshwater snails as prey gastropod establishment?

The spread of freshwater invasive species through aquarium trade poses a threat to the ecosystem, economy and human health. The availability of the exotic freshwater gastropod mollusc, Planorbarius corneus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gastropoda: Planorbidae), in pet shops in Kolkata, West Bengal, India, raises concern for its potential establishment as an invasive species. Assuming the role of the native predators as a potential biotic barrier for invasion, observations on the predation pattern of the malacophagous leech, Glossiphonia weberi (Blanchard, 1897) (Clitellata: Glossiphoniidae) against P. corneus was made in single as well as in combination with the native snail Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes, 1834) (Gastropoda: Planorbidae). Using varying size classes and densities of P. corneus, the predation potential of G. weberi was estimated after a 24 hour period. In another set of experiments, the predation of G. weberi against the snail P. corneus was observed in the presence of I. exustus under four different habitat conditions. The purpose was to justify - (1) the effect of conspecific and heterospecific conditions of the prey availability and (2) the effect of habitat complexity on the predatory efficacy of G. weberi. The results indicated that G. weberi consumed varied numbers of P. corneus, depending on the size and the densities of the prey and predator. Although the prey heterogeneity and complex habitats caused significant reduction of predation on both of the prey species, G. weberi significantly preferred P. corneus over I. exustus in open (P < 0.0001), macrophyte (P = 0.002) and pebbles and macrophyte containing habitats (P < 0.0001). Apparently, G. weberi preferred the exotic snail P. corneus in presence of alternative prey snail I. exustus, under different habitat conditions. Therefore, G. weberi may act as a significant biotic resistance against the colonization and establishment of P. corneus in the Indian context. However, further studies including the multiple prey and predators are required to ascertain the food web level impact of the exotic snail P. corneus in invaded freshwater ecosystems.
Some Examples of Stationary Planetary Flow Patterns in Bounded Basins

Laboratory experiments which supplement those presented by Stommel, Arons and Faller (1958) are described. Extension of the analysis to include the effects of bottom friction shows that the characteristic spreading of zonal currents, apparent in the original experiments, is due to bottom friction combined with the radial depth variation. The experiments confirm the theoretical prediction of an intense “recirculation” from the western boundary (similar to the “wind-spun vortex” of Munk, 1950) when a localized interior source or sink is present. Application of the basic concepts of the earlier paper to the geometrically more complicated case with a partial radial barrier gave good agreement between theory and experiment, but the limiting effects of bottom friction were made evident in other examples. An eastern boundary current was found to occur in a situation geometrically similar to the intrusion of Mediterranean water into the Atlantic Ocean. Simple transformations illustrate the application of the equations developed in polar coordinates to the flow of a uniform fluid on a sphere, and examples of “recirculation” and the spread of zonal flow are worked out for a barotropic ocean of uniform depth. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1960. tb01294.x
Quantitative Land Suitability Mapping for Crop Cultivation

Developing the structure of geodatabase and knowledge base to provide quantitative mapping of land suitability for cultivation the main crops has been shown in the research. The general model and catalogs of knowledge base were designed that are structuring and formalizing information for creating thematic and complex maps and geomodels. The real world spatial problems give rise to multi-criteria decision-making based on geographical information systems (GIS). The GIS environment provides both aggregation and spatial analysis of various georeferenced data. In this paper, the two approaches of multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) are represented - overlaying with the AND operation and the lowest score assignment on one criterion. An example of multi-attribute decision analysis is done using criteria for the crop suitability assessment. A comparison of those two approaches has been made, based on results of the land-use suitability mapping for the study crops - winter wheat, sunflower and corn. The results demonstrated that at certain locations, a range of criteria values, according to the AND operations had the lower applicability and less flexibility than according to the second approach, based on the lowest score assignment on one criterion. Designed maps characterize the threshold status of the soil quality to provide yields of studied crops on certain areas. A set of land suitability maps, designed as quantitative models of integration of environmental, soil and climatic conditions, would be very effective to manage the complex decisions under the crop cultivation.
THE ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE DEFINITIVE ADULT NEURAL STEM CELL FOLLOWING ABLATION OF THE NEUROGENIC GFAP EXPRESSING SUBEPENDYMAL CELL

Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult forebrain are thought to comprise a subpopulation of cells that express glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), termed B cells. These GFAP+ cells generate proliferating neuroblasts that migrate from the lateral ventricle subependyma along the rostral migratory stream to become olfactory bulb interneurons. Based on this lineage, we set out to create a NSC deficient mouse through targeted ablation of dividing GFAP+ cells in vivo. We successfully depleted the GFAP+ cells as seen using an in vitro colony forming assay in multiple kill paradigms, however we were unable to permanently eliminate the multipotent, self-renewing colony forming cells. Instead, the targeted ablation of GFAP+ cells revealed an upstream, GFAPcell that was induced to proliferate in the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). These findings support the hypothesis that a population of GFAP-, LIF responsive cells are the definitive adult NSC upstream of GFAP+ cells.
THE INFLUENCE OF OXYGEN TENSION UPON THE RESPIRATION OF UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS

By standard methods of gas analysis the respiratory exchanges of Paramecium and of fertilized Arbacia eggs have been studied. The respiratory rate in both materials is found to be practically constant over a wide range of oxygen tensions, thus confirming older work done by other methods.In the fertilized Arbacia egg the oxygen consumption is practically constant between 228 and 20 mm. Hg partial pressure of oxygen. Between 80 and 20 mm. Hg there appears to be a slight diminution in oxygen intake, but at 20 mm. Hg the consumption is still about 90 per cent. of that at atmospheric pressure. Below 20 mm. Hg the consumption is sharply reduced.The cleavage of Arbacia eggs proceeds at a normal rate down to very low oxygen tensions. No retardation in development has been observed above 11 mm. Hg. Below this value the rate becomes slower and cleavage ceases entirely below 4 mm. Hg.