E-EON: Energy-Efficient and Optimized Networks for Hadoop

Energy efficiency and performance improvements have been two of the major concerns of current Data Centers. With the advent of Big Data, more information is generated year after year, and even the most aggressive predictions of the largest network equipment manufacturer have been surpassed due to the non-stop growing network traffic generated by current Big Data frameworks. As, currently, one of the most famous and discussed frameworks designed to store, retrieve and process the information that is being consistently generated by users and machines, Hadoop has gained a lot of attention from the industry in recent years and presently its name describes a whole ecosystem designed to tackle the most varied requirements of today’s cloud applications. This thesis relates to Hadoop clusters, mainly focused on their interconnects, which is commonly considered to be the bottleneck of such ecosystem. We conducted research focusing on energy efficiency and also on performance optimizations as improvements on cluster throughput and network latency. Regarding the energy consumption, a significant proportion of a data center's energy consumption is caused by the network, which stands for 12% of the total system power at full load. With the non-stop growing network traffic, it is desired by industry and academic community that network energy consumption should be proportional to its utilization. Considering cluster performance, although Hadoop is a network throughput-sensitive workload with less stringent requirements for network latency, there is an increasing interest in running batch and interactive workloads concurrently on the same cluster. Doing so maximizes system utilization, to obtain the greatest benefits from the capital and operational expenditures. For this to happen, cluster throughput should not be impacted when network latency is minimized. The two biggest challenges faced during the development of this thesis were related to achieving near proportional energy consumption for the interconnects and also improving the network latency found on Hadoop clusters, while having virtually no loss on cluster throughput. Such challenges led to comparable sized opportunity: proposing new techniques that must solve such problems from the current generation of Hadoop clusters. We named E-EON the set of techniques presented in this work, which stands for Energy Efficient and Optimized Networks for Hadoop. E-EON can be used to reduce the network energy consumption and yet, to reduce network latency while cluster throughput is improved at the same time. Furthermore, such techniques are not exclusive to Hadoop and they are also expected to have similar benefits if applied to any other Big Data framework infrastructure that fits the problem characterization we presented throughout this thesis. With E-EON we were able to reduce the energy consumption by up to 80% compared to the state-of-the art technique. We were also able to reduce network latency by up to 85% and in some cases, even improve cluster throughput by 10%. Although these were the two major accomplishment from this thesis, we also present minor benefits which translate to easier configuration compared to the stat-of-the-art techniques. Finally, we enrich the discussions found in this thesis with recommendations targeting network administrators and network equipment manufacturers.