Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA METABOLITE DETECTION USING GC-MS

This research was conducted to investigate and compare the various metabolite, produced from the metabolism of two different SRB strain, that were involved in the biocorrosion process. Stainless steel coupons were immersed in two strains of sulfatereducing bacteria, A1H1 and EB3 (designated as SRB1 and SRB2 repectively) were isolated from Port Dickson marine vicinity that were grown in VMNI medium. The immersion period were set for eight days. Analysis of Gas ChromatographyMass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was conducted using –trimethylsilyl (TMS) of N-methyl-N-trimethylsilylfluoracetamide (MSTFA). The data were than analyzed using Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) method to discriminate the unique metabolite according to each strain. The result showed that SRB1 generates less metabolite but high in concentration. Meanwhile, SRB2 shows a variety production of metabolites but less in concentration. Both strains share the same metabolism in the production of nitrogen based substance and production of norvaline and pentanoic acid. SRB1 shows a very distinct feature as the production of ribitol was spotted in its metabolism where it is usually associated with growth. SRB2 showed a very close usage of sulphur by production of methionine. These results suggest that different SRB strain produced different number and type of metabolites in the biocorrosion process.
Impacts of Phosphogypsum, Soluble Fertilizer and Lime Amendment of Acid Soils on the Bioavailability of Phosphorus and Sulphur under Lucerne (Medicago sativa)

Legumes play critical dual roles in grazed grassland ecosystems; providing nitrogen inputs and high-quality feed for grazing livestock. However, many species fail to persist in acidic, low fertility soils. A glasshouse study was conducted to investigate the response of lucerne (Medicago sativa) to phosphogypsum (PG), lime and soluble P + S fertilizer (PS) application to two soils. Phosphorus and sulphur were applied through either PG (0, 1, 3 and 9 t ha−1) or P + S fertilizer at equivalent rates to PG. Both PG and PS were applied with or without lime, which was applied at 2 t ha−1. Yield and nutrient uptake of the lucerne was measured, while the soil was analyzed for pH, Olsen P and exchangeable aluminum. Yield responses were significantly different between the two soils. Maximum yields and P and S uptakes were obtained under PG 9 t ha−1 combined with lime. Exchangeable Al decreased in both soils under 1 ha−1 of PG compared with the control. At the highest rate, Olsen P increased by 8 and 6 mg kg−1 for PG and by 6 and 11 mg kg−1 for PS compared with the control for Glenmore and Molesworth soils respectively. Phosphogypsum showed positive effects on P and S bioavailability.
Behavioral evidence for pattern separation in human episodic memory

An essential feature of episodic memory is the ability to recall the multiple elements relating to one event from the multitude of elements relating to other, potentially similar events. Hippocampal pattern separation is thought to play a fundamental role in this process, by orthogonalizing the representations of overlapping events during encoding, to reduce interference between them during the process of pattern completion by which one or other is recalled. We introduce a new paradigm to test the hypothesis that similar memories, but not unrelated memories, are actively separated at encoding. Participants memorized events which were either unique or shared a common element with another event (paired “overlapping” events). We used a measure of dependency, originally devised to measure pattern completion, to quantify how much the probability of successfully retrieving associations from one event depends on successful retrieval of associations from the same event, an unrelated event or the overlapping event. In two experiments, we saw that within event retrievals were highly dependent, indicating pattern completion; retrievals from unrelated events were independent; and retrievals from overlapping events were antidependent (i.e., less than independent), indicating pattern separation. This suggests that representations of similar (overlapping) memories are actively separated, resulting in lowered dependency of retrieval performance between them, as would be predicted by the pattern separation account.
Sex identification and sexual maturity stages in farmed great sturgeon, Huso huso L. through biopsy

Summary Since sturgeons have no external sexual dimorphism and there are no external markers to determine sex, internal examination of the gonads should be used to sex identification. The present study describes the biopsy method and histological observations of the gonads of great sturgeon (Huso huso) in both sexes at different age classes. Sex and maturity stages of 226 great sturgeons were identified through gonadal biopsy and histological observations. A 20-25 mm incision was made with a sharp scalpel through the ventral midline between pectoral and pelvic fins, that allowed gonads to be viewed. Determination of sex and maturity stage was successfully performed in all fish. The sex ratio under culture conditions was 1:0.84 (female: male). Most males and females were at mid-spermatogenesis and pre-vitellogenesis stages, respectively. No apparent mortality and infection was observed after surgery and gonad biopsy in fish. Results of this study showed that sex could be identified by this method when fish are 3-year-old or more. Therefore, biopsy technique is a simple and cost-effective tool in sturgeons and has an important role in aquaculture management and conservation benefits.
Three-dimensional growth of breast cancer cells potentiates the anti-tumor effects of unacylated ghrelin and AZP-531

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women and notwithstanding important therapeutic advances, remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Despite extensive research relating to the hormone ghrelin, responsible for the stimulation of growth hormone release and appetite, little is known of the effects of its unacylated form, especially in cancer. The present study aimed to characterize effects of unacylated ghrelin on breast cancer cells, define its mechanism of action, and explore the therapeutic potential of unacylated ghrelin or analog AZP-531. We report potent anti-tumor effects of unacylated ghrelin, dependent on cells being cultured in 3D in a biologically-relevant extracellular matrix. The mechanism of unacylated ghrelin-mediated growth inhibition involves activation of Gαi and suppression of MAPK signaling. AZP-531 also suppresses the growth of breast cancer cells in vitro and in xenografts, and may be a novel approach for the safe and effective treatment of breast cancer.
Protein manipulation by stimuli-responsive polymers encapsulated in erythrocyte ghosts

Stimuli-responsive polymers exhibit dramatic, reversible alterations of their physical properties in response to minor environmental changes. Such alterations can be controlled systematically and are exploited in a variety of biologically relevant applications. We describe several properties of the temperature-responsive polymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), encapsulated within erythrocyte ghosts. The manipulation of target proteins inside the cells was demonstrated with polymer–biomolecule conjugates and fusion of differentially labeled erythrocyte ghosts. Harnessing the properties of such materials to actively alter the functionality of proteins provides unique modes of interference with cellular events.
Contract Enforcement Across Cultures

The importance of contract enforcement and formal and informal agreements has recently become an increasingly researched area in management. A major part of this research is the difference between the sociological and management approach and that of the recent developments in organization economics. Recent works in this area include Barney (1990), Eisenhardt (1989) and Noord erhaven (1992). The main purpose of this paper is to try and develop the ideas in these works further with respect to agreements and non-legal forms of contracts. We do this by comparing systems of cooperation and agreements in Eastern Europe, East Asia and Southeast Asia.
Carbon dioxide and methane exchange of a north‐east Siberian tussock tundra

Carbon dioxide, energy flux measurements and methane chamber measurements were carried out in an arctic wet tussock grassland located on a flood plane of the Kolyma river in NE Siberia over a summer period of 155 days in 2002 and early 2003. Respiration was also measured in April 2004. The study region is characterized by late thaw of the top soil (mid of June) and periodic spring floods. A stagnant water table below the grass canopy is fed by thawing of the active layer of permafrost and by flood water. The climate is continental with average daily temperature in the warmest months of 13°C (maximum temperature at midday: 28°C by the end of July), dry air (maximum vapour pressure deficit at midday: 28 hPa) and low rainfall of 50 mm during summer (July–September). Summer evaporation (July–September: 103 mm) exceeded rainfall by a factor of 2. The daily average Bowen ratio (H/LE) was 0.62 during the growing season. Net ecosystem CO2 uptake reached 10 μmol m−2 s−1 and was related to photon flux density (PFD) and vapour pressure deficit (VPD). The cumulative annual net carbon flux from the atmosphere to the terrestrial surface was estimated to be about −38 g C m−2 yr−1 (negative flux depicts net carbon sink). Winter respiration was extrapolated using the Lloyd and Taylor function. The net carbon balance is composed of a high rate of assimilation in a short summer and a fairly large but uncertain respiration mainly during autumn and spring. Methane flux (about 12 g C m−2 measured over 60 days) was 25% of C uptake during the same period of time (end of July to end of September). Assuming that CH4 was emitted only in summer, and taking the greenhouse gas warming potential of CH4 vs. CO2 into account (factor 23), the study site was a greenhouse gas source (at least 200 g Cequivalent m−2 yr−1). Comparing different studies in wetlands and tundra ecosystems as related to latitude, we expect that global warming would rather increase than decrease the CO2‐C sink.
COMPREHENSION

Comprehension is the aspect of cognition in which information is retrieved and consciously integrated. It occurs between the input of perception and memory, and the output of language and executive functioning. This article focuses on disorders of comprehension of linguistic information and semantic knowledge. Comprehension of speech begins with the interpretation of acoustic-phonetic input as word forms. These concepts to which the word forms are semantically associated must then be retrieved, in parallel with interpretation of word order and grammatical marking, to achieve comprehension of discourse. Neural systems for semantic memory are closely related to those for lexical processing. Disorders of language comprehension and semantic knowledge for concrete entities give insight into the relationship of these processes to neural systems.
Calcium-Sensitized Myofilaments Focal Energy Deprivation Underlies Arrhythmia Susceptibility in Mice With

Sabine Huke, Raghav Venkataraman, Michela Faggioni, Sirish Bennuri, Hyun S. Hwang, Franz Calcium-Sensitized Myofilaments Focal Energy Deprivation Underlies Arrhythmia Susceptibility in Mice With Print ISSN: 0009-7330. Online ISSN: 1524-4571 Copyright © 2013 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Circulation Research doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113. 301055 2013;112:1334-1344; originally published online March 26, 2013; Circ Res. http://circres.ahajournals. org/content/112/10/1334 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the http://circres.ahajournals. org/content/suppl/2013/03/26/CIRCRESAHA.113. 301055.DC1. html Data Supplement (unedited) at:
DETECCCIÓN DE Anaplasma marginale EN BOVINOS, MEDIANTE LA AMPLIFICACIÓN POR PCR DEL GEN msp5

Anaplasma marginale is a rickettsia of Ehrlichias genogroup II. It parasites mature erythrocytes in bovines. There is not still an effective control method against the disease; thus it is of great importance to develop an immunogene able to prevent infection by this pathogen. There is also a need of having more sensitive diagnostic techniques which allow the detection of carrier animals in order to be used in cattle international movement towards areas free of the disease; as well as to know the prevalence of the disease in tropical and subtropical regions. Gene msp5 is represented in the genome as a simple copy; it is highly preserved among all Anaplasma species and all A. marginale strains; thus it is an important candidate for being used in diagnostic. In this paper, the amplification by PCR of such gene was carried out for the detection of Anaplasma marginale in 113 animals without clinical symptoms, from which 96 were positive to this microorganism, being the assay highly sensitive and specific.
Multiple shoot induction and rooting of Paeonia lactiflora ‘Da Fu Gui’

Underground buds of herbaceous peony ( Paeonia lactiflora Pall. ) ‘Da Fu Gui’ were micropropagated in vitro . The basic processes including culture initiation, shoot induction, axillary shoot proliferation and rooting were established. The best initial medium of ‘Da Fu Gui’ was half-strength MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium (double-strength Ca 2+ ) supplemented with 0.5 mg l -1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) plus 0.5 mg l -1 gibberellic acid (GA 3 ). The best medium for axillary shoot induction was half-strength MS medium (double-strength Ca2+) supplemented with 1.0 mg l -1 BA plus 0.5 mg l -1 kinetin (Kin), while 0.5 mg l -1 BA + 0.3 mg l -1 Kin was best for shoot proliferation. Shoot height at the time of inoculation had a great effect on proliferation and growth of ‘Da Fu Gui’. Putrescine (Put) (0.5 to 5.0 mg l-1) prevented rooting of ‘Da Fu Gui’ but it favored the development of roots. Highest rooting percentage was observed on half-strength MS medium (double-strength Ca 2+ ) supplemented with 1 mg l -1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Key words: Herbaceous peony, underground buds, axillary shoots, micropropagation.
Influence of grain type on the efficacy of some formulations of diatomaceous earth against the rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae L.).

The paper aimed to present the effect of grain type on the insecticidal efficacy of the diatomaceous earth (DE) formulations, applied on wheat, barley, maize and paddy rice against adults of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. The formulations used in the bioassays were two local DEs deposits from Romania (Buz�� u Valey-P�� târlagele and South of Dobroudja-Adamclisi), two from Greece (Elassona region) and two comercial products (SilicoSec and PyriSec). The bioassays were done in laboratory conditions set at 25 o C and 60±5%relative humidity in 3 series with 3 replicates. The DEs were applied at the dose rates of 100, 300, 500 and 900 ppm (mg DE per Kg of grain), while mortality of the exposed adults was recorded after 7, 14 and 21 days of exposure. Among the tested DEs, the most effective of all, was the commercial formulation of PyriSec witch manage to total control the adults of S. oryzae in half of the tested grains (wheat and maize) after 7 days of exposure in dose rates above 100 ppm. Between the tested grains, DEs were most effective when applied on wheat and totally ineffective on paddy rice. Furthermore for wheat, the two DEs from Romania and one from Greece (Elassona 1), at the highest dose rate, had the same high performance with the commercial formulation of SilicoSec, while for the other grains all of the no commercial DEs was ineffective and performed the same with SilicoSec formulation. These findings lead us to conclude that our no commercial DEs are competitive with the SilicoSec formulation, and can sufficient protect wheat in doses above 900 ppm.
New Record of a Dinoflagellate Species Corythodinium tesselatum (Stein) Loeblich Jr. & Loeblich III from Turkish Coastal Waters of the North-eastern Mediterranean Sea

The dinoflagellate genus Corythodinium (Stein) Loeblich Jr. & Loeblich III and one species belonging to this genus, Corythodinium tesselatum (Stein) Loeblich Jr. & Loeblich III, are reported for the first time from the coastal waters of Turkey (north-eastern Mediterranean). The morphological characteristics of this species are described and information about its ecological distribution is given.
GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF SOME BACTERIAL ISOLATES IN UTILIZATION OF HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS

Six bacterial isolates belonging to the genus Pseudomonas were selected for their high ability to utilize crude oil. These isolates showed a diverge ability for utilization of different hydrocarbon compounds and 2 isolates (P. aeruginosa RB19 and Pseudomonas sp. RB29) were able to utilize all the tested compounds except tetrahydrofuran, sodium toluate and trans–1, 2–diphenylethylene. Conjugation between P. aeruginosa RB19 and P. aeruginosa RB27 was made in an attempt to obtain bacterial isolates, capable to utilize a wide range of hydrocarbon compounds. The conjugation was successful and a number of transconjugants were obtained. All transconjugants were able to utilize sodium toluate, and some of these transconjugants were able to utilize salicylic acid. This indicated that P. aeruginosa RB27 was the recipient bacterium which received pSR202 plasmid (responsible for salicylic acid and benzoate utilization) from P. aeruginosa RB19.
Evaluation of certain crop residues for carbohydrate and protein fractions by cornell net carbohydrate and protein system

Four locally available crop residues viz., jowar stover (JS), maize stover (MS), red gram straw (RGS) and black gram straw (BGS) were evaluated for carbohydrate and protein fractions using Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein (CNCP) system. Lignin (% NDF) was higher in legume straws as compared to cereal stovers while Non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) (% DM) followed the reverse trend. The carbohydrate fractions A and B1 were higher in BGS while B2 was higher in MS as compared to other crop residues. The unavailable cell wall fraction (C) was higher in legume straws when compared to cereal stovers. Among protein fractions, B1 was higher in legume straws when compared to cereal stovers while B2 was higher in cereal stovers as compared to legume straws. Fraction B3 largely, bypass protein was highest in MS as compared to other crop residues. Acid detergent insoluble crude protein (ADICP) (% CP) or unavailable protein fraction C was lowest in MS and highest in BGS. It is concluded that MS is superior in nutritional value for feeding ruminants as compared to other crop residues.
β-Furfuryl-β-Glucoside: An Endogenous Activator of Higher Plant UDP-Glucose:(1-3)-β-Glucan Synthase : Biological Activity, Distribution, and in Vitro Synthesis

In a recent paper (P Ohana, DP Delmer, JC Steffens, DE Matthews, R Mayer, M Benziman [1991] J Biol Chem 266: 13472-13475), we described the purification and structural characterization of β-furfuryl-β-glucoside (FG), an endogenous activator of plant UDP-glucose:(1→3)-β-glucan (callose) synthase. In the present report, we provide evidence that FG specifically stimulates callose synthase. The effects of FG on the kinetic properties of callose synthase were studied, and we ascertained that FG, or at least a very similar compound, is present in other plant systems. Chemically synthesized α-furfuryl-β-glucoside also stimulates callose synthase, exhibiting a slightly higher Ka of 80 micromolar, compared with 50 micromolar for FG. In addition, we have identified and partially characterized an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of FG using β-furfuryl alcohol and UDP-glucose as substrates. A model for the regulation of callose synthesis in vivo, involving changes in intracellular compartmentation of FG and Ca2+, is proposed.
Honey Bee Genome Illuminates Insect Evolution and Social Behavior

GENETICSFour years in the making, the 236-million-base genome of the European honey bee, Apis mellifera , proved tough to decipher. But the hard work paid off this week as 170 researchers rolled out their analysis of this fifth insect sequenced to date. See related Reports on pages [642][1], [645][2], and [647][3] and Brevia on page [614][4]. ([Read more][5].) [1]: http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/short/314/5799/642 [2]: http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/short/314/5799/645 [3]: http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/short/314/5799/647 [4]: http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/short/314/5799/614 [5]: http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/314/5799/578
Effects of the synthetic progestin levonorgestrel on zebrafish (Danio rerio) reproduction

4 Popular summary in Swedish. 5 Introduction.7 Materials and methods.14 General experimental setup. 14 Experimental design.14 Levonorgestrel exposure.15 Chemical analysis. 15 Measurement of fecundity. 15 Tissue sample collection and RNA isolation. 16 Reverse transcription. 16 Real-time polymerase chain reaction. 17 Calculation of relative gene expression. 17 Statistical analysis. 18 Results. 19 Chemical analysis results. 19 Mortality. 19 Female number. 19 Fecundity. 20 Gene expression. 22 Discussion. 24 References. 30
Morphological comparison of wild, farmed and hybrid specimens of two South American silversides, Odontesthes bonariensis and Odontesthes hatcheri

Fil: Crichigno, Sonia Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigacion En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; Argentina
2018 Chilean Physical Activity Report Card for Children and Adolescents: Full Report and International Comparisons.

BACKGROUND The study summarizes the findings of the 2018 Chilean Report Card (RC) on Physical Activity (PA) for Children and Adolescents and compares the results with the first Chilean RC and with other countries from the Global Matrix 3.0. METHODS A Research Work Group using a standardized methodology from the Global Matrix 3.0 awarded grades for 13 PA-related indicators based on the percentage of compliance for defined benchmarks. Different public data sets, government reports, and papers informed the indicators. RESULTS The grades assigned were for (1) "behaviors that contribute to overall PA levels": overall PA, D-; organized sport participation, D-; active play, INC; and active transportation, F; (2) "factors associated with cardiometabolic risk": sedentary behavior, C-; overweight and obesity, F; fitness, D; sleep, INC; and (3) "factors that influence PA": family and peers, F; school, D; inclusion, INC; community and built environment, B; government strategies and investments, B-. CONCLUSIONS Chile's grades remained low compared with the first RC. On the positive side, Chile is advancing in environmental and policy aspects. Our findings indicate that the implementation of new strategies should be developed through collaboration between different sectors to maximize effective investments for increasing PA and decreasing sedentary time among children and adolescents in Chile.