Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Landau approximation in plasma physics Sur l’approximation de Landau en physique des plasmas

This paper studies the approximation of the Boltzmann equation by the Landau equation in a regime when grazing prevail. While all previous results in the subject were limited to the spatially homogeneous case, here we manage the general, space-dependent situation, assuming only basic physical estimates of finite mass, energy, entropy a production. The proofs are based on the recent results and methods introduced previously in [R. Alexandre, C Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 55 (1) (2002) 30–70] by both authors, and the entropy production smoothing effects est in [R. Alexandre et al., Arch. Rational Mech. Anal. 152 (4) (2000) 327–355]. We are able to treat realistic singular Coulomb type, and approximations of the Debye cut. However, our method only works for finite-time intervals, wh Landau equation is supposed to describe long-time corrections to the Vlasov–Poisson equation. If the mean-field inte neglected, then our results apply to physically relevant situations after a time rescaling.  2003 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. Résumé Nous étudions l’approximation de l’équation de Boltzmann par l’équation de Landau quand les collisions rasan dominantes. Alors que tous les résultats connus auparavant en la matière concernaient le cas spatialement homogè parvenons à couvrir le cas général, spatialement inhomogène, supposant seulement des estimations a priori phy réalistes portant sur la masse, l’énergie, l’entropie et la production d’entropie. Les preuves reposent sur les résultats e mis au point récemment par les auteurs dans [R. Alexandre, C. Villani, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 55 (1) (2002) 30–70], e effets de régularisation par production d’entropie établis dans [R. Alexandre et al., Arch. Rational Mech. Anal. 152 (4 327–355]. Nos résultats couvrent certaines singularités physiquement réalistes de type coulombien, et des approxim la coupure de Debye. Cependant, nos résultats s’appliquent sur un intervalle de temps fini, alors que l’équation de L censée décrire les corrections en temps grand de l’équation de Vlasov–Poisson. Si le terme d’interaction de champ négligé, nos résultats s’appliquent à des situations physiquement réalistes après un changement d’échelle de temps.  2003 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. E-mail addresses: alexandre.radja@labomath.univ-orleans.fr (R. Alexandre), cvillani@umpa.ens-lyon.fr (C. Villani). 0294-1449/$ – see front matter  2003 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.anihpc. 2002.12. 001 62 R. Alexandre, C. Villani / Ann. I. H. Poincaré – AN 21 (2004) 61–95 hich is e then, herein. In stifying n.
POPULATION RESPONSES OF PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES IN SELECTED CROP ROTATIONS OVER FIVE SEASONS IN ORGANIC COTTON PRODUCTION

Crops with resistance or tolerance to the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita race 4, were evaluated for management of plant-parasitic nematodes in organic cotton production for five consecutive seasons. During the first two summers, Sesamum indicumL. (sesame), Tagetes erectaL. (marigold), Crotalaria junceaL. (sunn hemp), Avena sativaL. (oat), and Gossypium hirsutumL. (cotton) were grown. During the winter, oat followed sesame, marigold, sunn hemp, and one of the cotton regimes, while the summer oat was followed by Crambe abyssinicaHochst. ex R.E. Fries (Abyssinian crambe) during spring. The other cotton regime was left fallow during the winter. During the third summer, cotton was grown in all the rotations. The results showed that rotations such as sesame/oat, marigold/oat, and sunn hemp/oat can be beneficial in reducing M. incognita race 4 population densities. Pratylenchus zeaepopulation densities increased following sunn hemp in summer. Cotton is not a good host for this lesion nematode species. Cotton in the sesame/oat rotation gave a higher yield than in the other rotations. Development of effective crop rotation systems becomes difficult when crop choices increase and fields are infested with multiple plant-parasitic nematode species.
Anthropogenic forcing of the Northern Annular Mode in CCMVal-2 models

[1] We address the question of how ozone and long-lived greenhouse gas changes impact the Northern Annular Mode (NAM). Using reanalyses and results from the Chemistry-Climate Model Validation 2 (CCMVal-2) initiative, we calculate seasonal NAM indices from geopotential height for winter and spring. From these, we determine the strength of stratosphere-troposphere coupling in the model simulations and the reanalyses. For both seasons, we find a large spread in the ability of models to represent the vertical coherence of the NAM, although most models are within the 95% confidence interval. In winter, many models underestimate the vertical coherence derived from the reanalyses. Some models exhibit substantial differences in vertical coherence between simulations driven with modeled and observed ocean conditions. In spring, in the simulations using modeled ocean conditions, models with poorer horizontal or vertical resolution tend to underestimate the vertical coupling, and vice versa for models with better resolution. Accounting for model deficits in producing an appropriate troposphere-stratosphere coupling, we show significant correlations of the NAM in winter with three indices representing the anthropogenic impact. Analysis of cross-correlations between these indices suggests that increasing CO2 is the main reason for these correlations in this season. In the CCMVal-2 simulations, CO2 increases are associated with a weakening of the NAM in winter. For spring, we show that the dominant effect is chemical ozone depletion leading to a transient strengthening of the NAM, with CO2 changes playing an insignificant role.
Digital three-state adiabatic passage

We explore protocols for three-state adiabatic passage where the tunnel matrix elements are varied digitally, rather than smoothly as is the case with conventional adiabatic passage. In particular, we focus on stimulated Raman adiabatic passage and related three-state schemes where the control is applied stepwise, with either equal spaced levels for the tunnel matrix elements or uniform pulse lengths. Our results show that the evolution typically shows the hallmarks of conventional adiabatic passage, although with additional resonances exhibiting no state transfer.
Diversity and EPS Production Potential of Halotolerant Bacteria from Veraval and Dwarka

The microbial EPS are used in several biotechnological applications viz., cosmetics, textiles, pharmaceuticals, agricultural, paints and petroleum industries. Due to their extensive range of applications and also their bioactive roles there is increased interest for unusual and novel EPS. Less exploited saline and hypersaline environment may harbor microorganisms capable of producing unusual EPS with biotechnological interest. There are no reports of EPS production by halophilic and halotolerant bacteria from Gujarat. Therefore, the main aim of the study was to isolate halophilic and halotolerant bacteria, study their diversity and test their potential for EPS production. Four saline soil samples were collected, three from Veraval and one from Dwarka. The halophilic bacteria were enriched in media supplemented with 5% glucose containing increasing salt concentration from 5% to 35% NaCl. After enrichment organisms were isolated on solidified media containing salt concentration mentioned. Increasing salt concentration adversely affected growth. A total of 73 morphologically distinct isolates were studied. Less diverse colonies were obtained at low as well as extremely high salt concentration. The incidence of gram negative isolates decreased with increasing salt concentration. Organisms capable of growing at 35% NaCl concentration have been isolated. Out of 73 isolates, 23 isolates showing mucoid appearance were tested for EPS production which ranged from 0.2 gl -l to 10.60gl -l .
Adoption of ergo stool for pruning and harvesting by the orchard worker in grape cultivation activities.

The aim of this study was to find out the adoption of ergo stool for pruning and harvesting by the orchard worker in grape cultivation activities. Physical fitness was determined by calculating the physical parameters i.e. height, weight, BMI, body composition, VO2 max(ml/kgxmin), Body temperature, blood pressure, pulse rate, pulse pressure(mm/hg). The research designs comprised Ergo solution were developed in department of FRM and for testing and feedback of ergo solution. one orchard was selected randomly from the orchards selected in phase- II. An ergonomic experiment was carried out on 10 respondents, selected in phase II to find the feasibility of modified and developed ergo solution. This phase was carried out in sub-stages described as follows, Design and development of Ergo stool for grape pruning and harvesting activity. An ergonomically designed sit –stand multipurpose stool was developed considering the anthropometric dimensions of the users populations and it was named as (Ergo stool for pruning and harvesting). Ergo solution for pruning and harvesting consisted of platform made up of wood. Two drawer were provided to store items such as water bottle, scaff, scateurs, blade, scissor etc. The leg of Ergo solution for pruning and harvesting were simple, strong and made up of steel. On three sides of stool, steel support was provided 5” from the floor level this helped to step on the stool. Handles made up of steel helped to step on the stool. Conclusively on the basis of results of phase II pruning and harvesting of the grapes were identified as the highly risk prone activities. So available technology used by them was modified and ergo stool was developed for these two activities.
Arp 65 interaction debris: massive H I displacement and star formation

Context. Pre‐merger tidal interactions between pairs of galaxies are known to induce significant changes in the morphologies and kinematics of the stellar and interstellar medium components. Large amounts of gas and stars are often found to be disturbed or displaced as tidal debris. This debris then evolves, sometimes forming stars and occasionally forming tidal dwarf galaxies. Here we present results from our H i study of Arp 65, an interacting pair hosting extended H i tidal debris. Aims. In an effort to understand the evolution of tidal debris produced by interacting pairs of galaxies, including in situ star and tidal dwarf galaxy formation, we are mapping H i in a sample of interacting galaxy pairs. The Arp 65 pair is the latest member of this sample to be mapped. Methods. Our resolved H i 21 cm line survey is being carried out using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. We used our H i survey data as well as available SDSS optical, Spitzer infra-red and GALEX UV data to study the evolution of the tidal debris and the correlation of H i with the star-forming regions within it. Results. In Arp 65 we see a high impact pre‐merger tidal interaction involving a pair of massive galaxies (NGC90 and NGC93) that have a stellar mass ratio of ∼1:3. The interaction, which probably occurred ∼1.0‐2.5 × 10 8 yr ago, appears to have displaced a large fraction of the H i in NGC90 (including the highest column density H i) beyond its optical disk. We also find extended on-going star formation in the outer disk of NGC90. In the major star-forming regions, we find the H i column densities to be ∼4.7 × 10 20 cm −2 or lower. But no signature of star formation was found in the highest column density H i debris SE of NGC90. This indicates conditions within the highest density H i debris remain hostile to star formation and it reaffirms that high H i column densities may be a necessary but not sufficient criterion for star formation.
Fast quantum-optical random-number generators

In this paper we study experimentally the properties of three types of quantum -optical random-number generators and characterize them using the available National Institute for Standards and Technology statistical tests, as well as four alternate tests. The generators are characterized by a trade-off between, on one hand, the rate of generation of random bits and, on the other hand, the degree of randomness of the series which they deliver. We describe various techniques aimed at maximizing this rate without diminishing the quality (degree of randomness) of the series generated by it. © 2013 American Physical Society.
Permeability of Electrospun Superhydrophobic Nanofiber Mats

This paper discusses the fabrication and characterization of electrospun nanofiber mats made up of poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) polymer. The polymer was electrospun in different weight concentrations. The mats were characterized by their basis weight, fiber diameter distribution, contact angles, contact angle hysteresis, and air permeability. All of the electrospun nonwoven fiber mats had water contact angles greater than 150 degrees making them superhydrophobic. The permeabilities of the mats were empirically fitted to the mat basis weight by a linear relation. The experimentally measured air permeabilities were significantly larger than the permeabilities predicted by the Kuwabara model for fibrous media.
One size doesn't fit all: using technology to support a balanced knowledge management initiative

In an increasingly competitive construction industry, the role of innovation has become a key factor for firms wishing to sustain their competitive advantage. Indeed, over the last decade an emphasis on innovation has replaced efficiency and quality as the main source of competitive advantage, and a prerequisite for success and survival for numerous organisations. It is this requirement for construction firms to become more innovative and maximise the use of their resources that renders knowledge as a key organisational asset.
Tax, Regulation and Economic Growth: A Case Study of the UK

This paper investigates the causal relationship between government policy and UK output and productivity growth between 1970 and 2009. In an open economy DSGE model of the UK, productivity growth is determined by the tax and regulatory environment in which firms operate. Identification is assured for the DSGE model; therefore the direction of causality is unambiguously from policy to productivity. The model is estimated and tested using simulation-based econometric methods (indirect inference). The results offer robust empirical evidence that temporary changes in policies underpinning the business environment can have long-lasting effects on economic growth.
Resistance to common organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in Aphis pomi (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Introduction. Aphis pomi (De Geer) has developed resistance to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, as a result of long-term application of these insecticides in conventional apple orchards. For many years, the only mechanism of resistance identified in aphids was overproduction of insecticide-detoxifying esterases. Materials and methods. Insecticide resistance of A. pomi , collected from two conventional apple orchards (localities of Radmilovac – RA and Bela Crkva – BC) and one organic apple orchard (locality of Surcin – SU), was tested by bioassays and biochemical assays. Results and discussion. Compared with LC 50 values for the susceptible population (organic orchard), both populations from the conventional orchards were highly resistant to pirimicarb (234.5 and 52.9 times) and moderately resistant to dimethoate (10.7 and 9.0 times). Increased esterase activity was determined in these two resistant aphid populations. Each of them also produced one esterase isoform more than the susceptible population, when 1-naphthyl acetate was used as a substrate for zymographic detection; when 2-naphthyl acetate was used as a substrate, only one resistant population produced two new esterase isoforms. In one of the resistant populations acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was significantly less inhibited by pirimicarb than in the other resistant population and the susceptible population, which indicates that this population developed another resistance mechanism – Modification of AChE (MACE). Conclusion. Detoxification of insecticides by the metabolic resistance mechanism of esterase enzymes and mechanism of modification of AChE was proven in one aphid population (RA). The other population (BC) has developed only metabolic resistance (enhanced metabolism by esterases), without modification of the insecticide target site (AChE). Development of insecticide resistance was caused by long-term application of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (organophosphates and carbamates) in these conventional orchards.
Shock-induced explosive chemistry in a deterministic sample configuration.

Explosive initiation and energy release have been studied in two sample geometries designed to minimize stochastic behavior in shock-loading experiments. These sample concepts include a design with explosive material occupying the hole locations of a close-packed bed of inert spheres and a design that utilizes infiltration of a liquid explosive into a well-defined inert matrix. Wave profiles transmitted by these samples in gas-gun impact experiments have been characterized by both velocity interferometry diagnostics and three-dimensional numerical simulations. Highly organized wave structures associated with the characteristic length scales of the deterministic samples have been observed. Initiation and reaction growth in an inert matrix filled with sensitized nitromethane (a homogeneous explosive material) result in wave profiles similar to those observed with heterogeneous explosives. Comparison of experimental and numerical results indicates that energetic material studies in deterministic sample geometries can provide an important new tool for validation of models of energy release in numerical simulations of explosive initiation and performance.
Energy and protein requirements during the growing phase of indigenous goats

The objective of this study was to investigate both energy and protein requirements for the maintenance and growth of indigenous goats, based on data from two separate studies. Goats were weaned at 79 ± 4.4 days of age, with milk and solid diet intake recorded daily. To determine energy maintenance requirements, 32 kids of 4.90 ± 0.302 kg initial body weight (BW) were used. Ten kids were slaughtered at 5.40 ± 0.484 kg BW to estimate initial body composition, with the remaining kids randomly assigned to one of two DM intake levels: ad libitum and restricted-fed (1.2-times maintenance level). Heat production (HP) was calculated as the difference between ingested metabolizable energy (MEI) and retained energy. Net energy requirement for maintenance (NEm) was estimated as the ? 0 parameter of the relationship between HP and MEI [HP = ? 0 × exp (? 1 × MEI)]. Metabolizable energy required for maintenance (MEm) was calculated iteratively, as HP = MEI. Efficiency of energy utilization for maintenance (km) was calculated as NEm/MEm. The intercept of the linear regression of retained CP on CP intake was used to calculate net protein requirements for maintenance (NPm). Net energy and protein requirement for gain (NEg and NPg, respectively) were obtained using 26 kids fed ad libitum and randomly slaughtered at 5.40 ± 0.484 kg BW (n = 10), 15.8 ± 0.655 kg BW (n = 10), and 26.3 ± 1.27 kg BW (n = 6). The first derivative of the allometric equation (used to calculate energy and protein contents in empty body weight (EBW)) with respect to EBW yielded estimates of NEg and NPg. A Monte Carlo-based method was employed to simulate variation in MEm, NEg, and NPg. This study indicated that the net energy required for maintenance is 310.1 ± 36.7 kJ kg-0.75 EBW, with MEm estimated at 499.1 ± 52.1 kJ kg-0.75 EBW and km equal to 0.62. This study indicated that 1.246 g CP kg-0.75 EBW is required by indigenous kids weighing from 5 to 25 kg BW to meet their NPm. In addition, indigenous goats require between 186.6 ± 2.97 and 214.3 ± 12.9 g CP, and between 5.39 ± 1.49 and 9.74 ± 2.57 MJ to gain one kilogram of EBW. This study may contribute to future adjustments in feeding system energy and protein recommendations for indigenous kids.
Aquatic and terrestrial foraging by a subarctic herbivore: the beaver

Freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems are tightly linked by food web interactions. Naturally occurring carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes provide a tool to quantify nutrient flows across ecological boundaries, however their application to freshwater-terrestrial systems has been limited. This thesis evaluated whether stable isotope analysis can be effective in differentiating freshwater and terrestrial vascular plants at the base of subarctic food webs and found freshwater plants to be consistently enriched in their isotopic signatures relative to terrestrial plants. Stable isotope approaches were then used to investigate spatial and temporal variability in the diet of a population of subarctic beavers (Castor canadensis). Freshwater macrophytes contributed more to the diets of beavers than previously reported. During the winter, beavers from pond habitats consumed more aquatic vegetation than beavers from stream habitats which relied more heavily on food hoards of terrestrial vegetation. Aquatic foraging may enable beavers to persist at the northern periphery of their range by reducing foraging pressure on the subarctic terrestrial ecosystem where their preferred tree species are scarce. %%%%Les ecosystemes d'eau douce et terrestres sont lies par les interactions trophiques. Les isotopes stables naturels de carbone et d'azote offrent une methode pour quantifier les transferts de nutriments entre les frontieres ecologiques, mais leurs applications aux systemes d'eau douce-terrestres sont encore limitees. Cette these evalue l'efficacite des isotopes stables pour distinguer les plantes vasculaires d'eau douces et terrestres qui forment la base des chaines alimentaires subarctiques. Nous avons trouve qu'en general les plantes aquatiques avaient des signatures isotopiques enrichies par rapport aux plantes terrestres. Nous avons ensuite employe les techniques d'isotopes stables pour evaluer la variabilite spatiale et temporale dans le regime alimentaire d'une population de castors (Castor canadensis) subarctiques. Les macrophytes aquatiques semblent avoir une place plus importante dans le regime alimentaire des castors en comparaison avec la litterature disponible. Durant l'hiver, les castors qui habitaient les lacs ont consomme plus de vegetation aquatique par rapport aux castors qui habitaient dans les rivieres, ceux-ci comptant plutot sur les provisions de vegetation terrestre. L'accumulation de provisions constituees de plantes aquatiques peut permettre aux castors de persister a la limite de leurs aires de distribution ou les arbres preferes des castors sont …