Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BOVINE MASTITIS AS AN EVOLVING DISEASE AND ITS IMPACT ON THE DAIRY INDUSTRY

Worldwide, mastitis is emerging as a major challenge in dairy development, on account of being the cause for severe wastage and undesirable milk quality, besides breed development, nutritional management, control of infections and internal parasitic diseases. The major factors found to be important and affecting the prevalence of subclinical mastitis included flock size, regional agro climatic conditions, distinctive socio-cultural practices, marketing of milk and its byproducts, literacy level of the animal owner, feeding system and administration. The continuing presence of the disease may be attributed to poor practices which includes unhygienic conditions, improper milking practices, faulty milking equipment, lack of veterinary medicines, poor housing besides breeding strategies for ever-increasing milk yield. It is important to be aware of the fact that being an infectious disease, all methods of commercial milk production may provide suitable breeding conditions for mastitis organisms and thus spread mastitis from cow to cow. On account of insights provided by a considerable body of evidence it is suggested that to increase exposure of cows to mastitis organisms and thereby get infected, several management and environmental factors interact together which compromise the cows natural resistance to disease help organisms in gaining entrance through the teat canal to milk secreting tissues of the udder where they cause infection. The incidence of disease is thus result of interplay between the infectious agents and management practices emphasizing the importance of udder defense.
Hematology: Principles and Procedures

Part 1 Basic laboratory techniques: composition of blood universal precautions collection of blood anticoagulants the microscope photometer/spectrophotometer centrifugation statistical tools used to evaluate laboratory testing. Part 2 Haematopoiesis: origin and interrelationship of blood cells cell structure normal cell maturation red blood cells white blood cells and platelets. Part 3 Routine haematology procedures: complete blood count haemoglobin haematocrit blood cell counts the Unopette System white blood cell count red blood cell count preparation and staining procedures for the blood smear differential cell count red blood cell indices erythrocyte sedimentation rate reticulocyte count platelet count eosinophil count sickle cell tests miscellaneous routine haematology procedures. Part 4 Special haematology procedures: special staining techniques haemoglobin tests tests for haemolytic anemia, red blood cell enzyme deficiencies tests for paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria miscellaneous tests reagents. Part 5 Coagulation: haemostasis and fibrinolysis coagulation screening procedures coagulation testing requirements screening tests assays tests for dic/fibrinolysis tests for inhibitors/anticoagulants tests for thrombotic disorders platelet procedures reagents. Part 6 Diseases: red blood cell disorders white blood cell disorders platelet disorders vascular disorders coagulation disorders. Part 7 Automation: cell counters blood smear preparation and staining reticulocyte testing erythrocyte sedimentation testing coagulation testing platelet aggregometry and chromogenic testing.
Investigating Officers' Perceptions of Adult Educators within the South African Police Service Detective Academy

The purpose of this article was to explore investigating officers' views of police instructors' competencies, attitude and preferred classroom techniques employed within the South African Police Service (SAPS) Detective Academy, as well as the teaching and learning techniques detectives felt would enhance their learning. For simplicity, the term “investigating officer” or “detective” will be used interchangeably in this article. The research population for this research consisted of 20 005 Police Act Personnel (detectives) and a stratified sample of 1 920 members was identified to respond to, inter alia, police instructors teaching styles, competencies, attitude and student preferred learning styles. The sample realisation was 1 198, or 62,4% of the original sample. The respondents were deployed at community service centres (police stations) in the nine Provinces of South Africa, including Head Office in Gauteng Province. The stratified random sampling technique was used and the population at the stations was divided into male/female and non-commissioned officers (NCOs) and commissioned officers (COs), as the strata. NCOs are those members with the rank of Constable up to Inspector. COs are those members with the rank of Captain up to Senior Superintendent. Directors were excluded from the study because their limited numbers would compromise their anonymity. The researcher viewed the sample to be representative of those SAPS and other members stationed at police stations in the nine Provinces where the research was conducted. Their perceptions would represent a fair reflection of factors affecting performance of general detectives at station level. Based on the research population, the researcher viewed the sample to be representative of those SAPS and other members stationed at police stations in the nine Provinces where the research was conducted. Eighteen (18) fieldworkers were trained and distributed the questionnaire in the provinces.
Quantitative dynamic SPECT tomography

We have found an effective way to reconstruct dynamic SPECT images directly from the projections. We conducted experiments on both synthetic and real data and show that our method is stable and robust. The linearity of the formulation allows us to obtain the solution in a computational efficient way, with very few assumptions on the time behaviour.
Agent strategies in online communities

Economic models and mechanism design have given many techniques for inducing cooperative behaviour in agents, under a wide variety of circumstances. However, evolutionary theory and psychological studies give very different motivations for human behaviour. This thesis works towards integrating these perspectives, allowing for greater understand­ ing of what makes online communities such as eBay function successfully. Models of repu­ tation systems and other mechanisms are studied from the perspectives of future discounting, evolutionary pressure, agent learning, and community design. Through simulation, analysis, and discussion, the roles of agents in allowing a community to function are identified. This allows for suggestions for how agents can best be persuaded to form cooperative social norms. Conversely, the different roles which a community plays in providing benefits to agents are identified. For each of these, a different set of mechanisms is appropriate as the community grows.
REPORT OF 10 CASES OF VISCERAL LARVA MIGRANS IN IRAN

Coronary heart disease is one of the most common diseases causing mortality and morbidity in industrialized and developing countries. The first presentation in 25% of cases is sudden cardiac death. The most common risk factors in dead people are hypercholesterolemia. This study was carried out to compare the prevalence of risk factors in patients hospitalized in CCUs and cardiology departments (case group) and people who died because of sudden death myocardial infarction before arriving at hospitals (control group). This study was a case-control one, carried out on 154 patients and 112 dead persons. The questionnaires were completed after referring to their first relatives and the documents, in control group and in case group, were completed from patients and their records in hospitals. Then history of risk factor was compared. The ratio of men/women in the first group (hospitalized patients) was 3 and the second group (dead patients) was 1.7 (P=0.000). The peak ages in men of both groups were 60 to 69 years old, 2-3 times more than women in both groups. The most prevalent risk factor in women of both groups was hypertension, the same as in men of the control group. But the most prevalent risk factor in men of the case group was smoking (P=0.000). So, primary prevention, which has a great role in controlling coronary artery disease, is suggested.
Developing theory about teaching practice in public healthnurse education

This thesis explores ways in which practice teachers facilitate student learning on the Specialist Community Public Health Nursing programme. The knowledge they draw on and pedagogic practices they employ in the placement area seem obscure and difficult to articulate and, as a result, tend to be marginalised. A mixed methods approach is adopted drawing on three forms of data collection: semi-structured interviews, a questionnaire and practice teachers’ summative comments on student portfolios. Twenty practice teachers from one university were interviewed and practice teachers’ comments in student portfolios in the same university were scrutinised. The information from the interview data informed the third data collection method, a questionnaire sent nationally to 115 practice teachers in 12 English universities. It aimed to establish whether views expressed in interviews were more generally applicable. The findings offer fresh insights into, and interpretation of teaching practice and the knowledge relied on. Learning in the practice placement becomes an amalgamation of complex professional knowledge, client narratives, and cultural artefacts. These become appropriated and reconfigured as new professional knowledge. This process may result in different acts of translation of the day-to-day realities of each practice teacher rendering the approach person-bound and context specific. The thesis concludes that drawing upon the above process the practice teacher’s individual approach to teaching and learning develops and then (having assessed the context within which she is working) she engages to help with students’ learning by using a mixture of formal knowledge and knowledge developed from practice. A model of responses and relationships has been developed involving complex professional knowledge and pedagogic processes. The study, therefore, sheds light on learning in the practice placement.
Effect of Ayuraved Siriraj Herbal Recipe “Wattana” on Gastric Emptying Rate

Background: Wattana, an herbal recipe from Ayuraved Siriraj, has been used as an analeptic remedy, enhancing fitness, anti-aging, increasing appetite and attenuating abnormal gastric motility since 1982. One of the factors that induce abnormal gastric motility is delayed gastric emptying rate (GER). Objective: To evaluate the effect of Wattana on GER in healthy volunteers. Methods: Seventeen healthy male volunteers (age 26.76 ± 1.16 years, body mass index (BMI) 20.30 ± 0.43 kg/ m2 ; mean ± SEM) were studied on two separate days, with a wash out period of at least one week. After an overnight fast, each subject consumed 3 tablets of Wattana or placebo with 150 ml water, 10 minutes before drinking 15 g glucose in 150 ml water. Then 1 g paracetamol with 150 ml water was consumed 20 minutes after that. Blood samples were collected 11 times in three hours (at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 150 and 180 minutes) for gastric emptying evaluation. The feeling of hunger, fullness, abdominal discomfort, bloating, and nausea were assessed by visual analog scale (VAS). Serum paracetamol concentrations were analyzed, mean serum paracetamol concentrations, peak serum concentrations (Cmax), time to peak serum concentrations (Tmax) and area under the serum paracetamol concentration-time curve (AUC) and VAS score were determined. Results: Mean serum paracetamol concentrations after Wattana consumption tended to be higher than after placebo. There was no significant difference in Tmax, AUC and VAS score between Wattana or placebo consumption. However, Cmax after Wattana was significantly higher than placebo (p = 0.044). It was noticed that all volunteers felt sleepy after Wattana consumption. Conclusion: Wattana showed no effect on gastric emptying rate, but tended to increase the paracetamol absorption in the small intestine. A sedating effect of Wattana was noted.
Learning and Maintaining Professional Expertise Within a Multi‐Professional Critical Care Team

This project concerns the learning that takes place during the day-today practice of a multi-professional clinical team within a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Because the learning that takes place is complex and varied, it is necessary to identify and take into account the relevant and applicable theories of learning as a framework for the critical analysis of the accounts of the team’s learning experiences. This encompassing view is the foundation of the project. Some researchers have focused on particular professions, while others concentrate on a particular theory of learning. I have used theories and my experience to identify a set of theories that relate to the ways in which clinicians may learn in critical care environment settings such as this. Engeström uses Activity Theory as a way of taking into
Heart Rate Variability in Intensive Care

Clinicians have long been aware that the normal oscillations in a heart beat are lost during fetal distress, during the early stages of heart failure, with advanced aging, and with critical illness and injury. However, these oscillations, or variability in heart rate and other cardiovascular signals, have largely been ignored or discounted as variances from the mean or average values. It is becoming increasingly clear that these oscillations reflect the dynamic interactions of many physiologic processes, including neuroautonomic regulation of heart rate and blood pressure. We present a synthesis and review of the current literature concerning heart rate variability with special reference to intensive care. This article describes the background of time series analysis of heart rate variability including time and frequency domain and nonlinear measurements. The implications and potential for time series analysis of variability in cardiovascular signals in clinical diagnosis and management of critically ill and injured patients are discussed.
Human ovarian follicular dynamics during natural menstrual cycles and oral contraception cycles

The objective of the research comprising this thesis was to characterize ovarian follicular development in healthy women of reproductive age undergoing natural menstrual cycles and oral contraception (DC) cycles. We quantified changes in the numbers and diameters of follicles, detected ovulation and assessed changes in the growth and regression of corpora lutea using high-resolution transvaginal ultrasonography. Changes in follicular and luteal development were then correlated with changes in concentrations of reproductively-active hormones and endometrial growth to provide a comprehensive approach to ovarian and uterine function. We documented, for the first time, that women exhibited waves of antral follicular development during the menstrual cycle. Two and three waves of follicle growth were observed. Major and minor waves of follicle development were characterized. Major waves were those in which a dominant follicle was selected for preferential growth; minor waves were those in which dominance was not manifest. Luteal progesterone production appeared to have a negative effect on the emergence and development of follicle waves in women. The ovarian follicular wave phenomenon has provided a new model for studying the growth and regression of ovarian follicles during the human menstrual cycle. Documentation of ovarian follicular waves in women has implications for the development of new strategies to manipulate ovarian follicular development, in particular hormonal contraceptive regimens and infertility therapies. We further documented that ovarian follicular development occurred during the compliant use of oral contraception. Follicles developed to ostensibly ovulatory diameters, and either regressed, ovulated or formed follicular cysts under the suppressive effects of DC. The majority of follicles that developed during DC use emerged during the hormone-free interval (HFI). We interpreted our findings to mean that ovarian follicular development during DC use was associated with loss of endocrine suppression during the HFI, rather than user non-compliance as previously speculated. The number and maximum diameter of follicles that developed during DC use were greater in women administered DC containing 20 Jlg versus 30-35 Jlg Ethinyl
A Case study of Dushta Vrana treated with DurvaTail Vranabasti

â€œThe destruction / break / rupture / discontinuity of body tissue / part of body, is called Vrana. â€A clean wound in a normal body heals earlier with a minimum scar as compared to contaminated wound. Wound healing is mechanism where the body attempts to restore the integrity of the injured part. Several factors affects the normal process of wound healing such as the site of wound, contamination (foreign bodies/bacterial), local factors like vascular insufficiency or previous radiation, systemic factors such as malnutrition, Disease like diabetes mellitus, Immune deficiencies and medicationsÂ like steroids. Â Acharya Sushruta mentioned 60 Upakramas for the management of Vrana and local application of DurvaTail Vrana Basti is one among them. The local application of VranaBasti is one of the best substitutes for of chronic wound healing & the DurvaTail have better shodhana & ropana effect. A case report of 34 year â€“ old man, who presented with complaints of an open traumatic ulcer on the dorsum of the right foot associated with pain, discharge, slough, foul smell, oedema and discolouration of the skin has been presented here.
The Roles of Assimilation and Ethnic Enclave Residence in Immigrant Smoking

In this study we examine the importance of assimilation and ethnic enclave residence for smoking outcomes among United States immigrants. We draw data on over 140,000 immigrants from the Current Population Survey Tobacco Use Supplements between 1995 and 2011. Several patterns emerge from our analysis. First we replicate findings from previous studies that show that longer residence in the U.S is associated with improved employment outcomes while ethnic enclave residence may hinder these outcomes. Second, we find that assimilation similarly extends to coverage of employment-based anti-smoking policies such as worksite smoking bans and smoking cessation programs while enclave residence does not substantially influence these outcomes. Third, we document complex relationships between assimilation, enclave residence, and smoking outcomes. Lastly, we find no strong evidence that immigrants reduce their smoking when faced with more restrictive state anti-smoking policies and find counter-intuitive impacts of tobacco taxes. These findings have important policy implications.
A high sensitivity, electronically collimated gamma camera

A high sensitivity electronically collimated gamma camera is under development at NOVA. The proposed detector has electronic collimation and will measure the direction of the incident /spl gamma/-ray directly, hence eliminating the need for a physical collimator. This is accomplished by using the Compton double scatter technique. A feasibility study was successfully completed and prototype fabrication started. The new detector is expected to have 3 to 10 times improvement over the present gamma cameras. The high sensitivity is expected to allow fast imaging on time scales of 1 to 2 min and may open the way for dynamic metabolism visualization and Multi Gated Acquisition (MUGA) studies. The prototype is designed to have a high spatial resolution which is 2 to 3 times better compared to present gamma cameras. It is expected to have improved energy resolution by a factor of 2 to 4. Good energy resolution will enable discrimination against and scattered /spl gamma/-ray background with higher effectiveness than presently available. This will improve the signal-to-noise ratio and improve image quality. The detector can be designed as a single gamma camera or formed into a cylindrical detector and used as a tomographic SPECT imager. A modified smaller version may be directly applied to scintimammography.
Evaluation of dose-related genotoxicity of desflurane by SCE human lymphocytes

To evaluate dose-related genotoxicity of desflurane. In the literature, there are studies with equivocal data regarding the potential genotoxicity of inhalational anesthetics. However, it is important to know about the genotoxic safety of an anesthetic agent. Materials and methods: Two groups were enrolled into the study. The first group was maintained with a desflurane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of 0.5 and the second was maintained with 1 MAC of desflurane. Blood samples were obtained and studied at the baseline and after 3 h of anesthesia via sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay. Results: In both groups, SCEs per cell were noted to increase after 3 h of anesthesia, though the increase was only significant in the 1 MAC group. Conclusion: There are limited data on the genotoxicity of desflurane. It seems that 1 MAC of desflurane has a genotoxic effect, as shown by SCE assay.
The role of past sun exposure in Multiple Sclerosis

This epidemiological thesis firstly reviews the disease Multiple Sclerosis (MS): its history, pathology, clinical expression, and the current views on immunopathogenesis, aetiology and treatment. A separate review on ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and MS indicates that recent work in photoimmunology provides evidence that UVR can attenuate T helper 1 cell mediated processes through several mechanisms, and that epidemiological features of MS, such as the striking latitudinal gradient and seasonal variation in month of birth, MS onset and disease activity, are at least in part consistent with the hypothesis that UVR exposure may reduce the risk of MS. An ecological analysis was conducted as part of the PhD to demonstrate that regional variation in MS prevalence in the continent of Australia could be closely predicted by regional UVR levels, but analytical epidemiological studies are required to further investigate the UVR hypothesis. The project central to this thesis was a population based case-control study on Multiple Sclerosis, conducted in Tasmania, Australia. It examined: (i) whether high past sun exposure was associated with a reduced risk of MS, (ii) whether sibship structure and past infections influenced the risk of MS and (iii) whether having had children and differences in prevalence and strength of MS risk factors between men and women could explain the sex difference in MS. Interviews were conducted with 136 cases with MS and 272 controls randomly drawn from the community and matched on sex and birth year. In one of the methodology chapters, a measure-retest and method comparison was conducted to examine aspects of reliability of the sun exposure measures used in the case-control study. A separate study on 104 healthy volunteers was carried out to examine the effect of seasonal variation and body hair on melanin density estimates based on skin reflectance. The case-control study showed that higher past sun exposure, particularly during childhood and early adolescence, was associated with a reduced risk of MS, which is compatible with UVR having a protective role against MS. Having younger siblings, but not older siblings, was also associated with a reduced risk of MS, while having had glandular fever or having high antibody titers against the Epstein-Barr virus was associated with an increased risk of MS. Among women, a negative association was found between having had children and MS. The finding of an inverse association between sun exposure during childhood and early adolescence and MS, if confirmed in future work, will have important public health implications.