Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting Food Crises

Globally, more than 130 million people are estimated to be in food crisis. These humanitarian disasters are associated with severe impacts on livelihoods that can reverse years of development gains. The existing outlooks of crisis-affected populations rely on expert assessment of evidence and are limited in their temporal frequency and ability to look beyond several months. This paper presents a statistical foresting approach to predict the outbreak of food crises with sufficient lead time for preventive action. Different use cases are explored related to possible alternative targeting policies and the levels at which finance is typically unlocked. The results indicate that, particularly at longer forecasting horizons, the statistical predictions compare favorably to expert-based outlooks. The paper concludes that statistical models demonstrate good ability to detect future outbreaks of food crises and that using statistical forecasting approaches may help increase lead time for action.
Joint Local and Teleseismic Tomography in the Central United States: Exploring the Mantle Below the Upper Mississippi Embayment and the Illinois Basin

Three‐dimensional, high‐resolution crustal and upper mantle P and S wave velocity (Vp and Vs) models are presented for the central United States using body wave tomography. The study utilizes local and teleseismic data recorded by the Northern Embayment Lithospheric Experiment stations, the CERI New Madrid Seismic Network, the Earthscope Transportable Array, and the Ozark Illinois INdiana Kentucky Flexible Array. Vp and Vs solutions are very similar and are well resolved in the depth range 40 to 400 km. Two anomalously slow regions are present below the Illinois Basin, forming a northwest dipping low‐velocity zone (LVZ) extending from ~200 to 400 km. Maximum anomaly magnitudes in the LVZ reach about −4% and −5% for Vp and Vs, respectively. The LVZ appears to connect to a well‐documented LVZ located below the northern Mississippi Embayment. The Illinois Basin velocity anomalies cannot be explained by elevated temperature alone and require compositional heterogeneity involving elevated orthopyroxene content in addition to an increase in iron and water content. The need for additional orthopyroxene suggests that the LVZ is being produced by metasomatism of mantle rocks by hydrous, silica‐rich fluids ascending from a slab fragment trapped in or near the transition zone. This supports previous interpretations for the existence of the LVZ below the Embayment. We suggest that the LVZs below the Mississippi Embayment and the Illinois Basin are linked to the presence of a large igneous province, which convection models suggest is currently located below the central United States.
BİST ENERJİ SEKTÖRÜNDE FAALİYET GÖSTEREN İŞLETMELERİN FİNANSAL PERFORMANSLARININ İNCELENMESİ: GRİ SAYILARA DAYALI ZAMAN KESİTİ ÖRNEĞİ

Enerji, uretim basta olmak uzere ekonomik kalkinmanin en onemli girdisini olusturan bir unsurdur. Modern hayatin ve gelisen ekonominin bir sonucu olarak ortaya cikan enerji ihtiyaci bu sektorde faaliyet gosteren isletmelerin onemini arttirmistir. Bu calismanin amaci, Borsa Istanbul’da islem goren ve arastirma kapsamina dâhil edilen 6 isletmenin 2011-2019 donemi finansal performansinin cok kriterli karar verme problemi olarak incelenerek analiz edilmesidir. Bu kapsamda isletmelerin finansal tablolari ve faaliyet gosterdikleri sektorun yapisi incelenerek, 20 adet finansal oran hesaplanmis ve olcut kumesi olarak belirlenmistir. Enerji sektorunde faaliyet gosteren bu isletmelerinin finansal performanslari gri sayilar ile temsil edilerek gri performans skorlarina donusturulmustur. Gri performans skorlari kullanilarak hesaplanan gri entropi olcutlerin onem derecesini temsil etmek uzere Gri Iliskisel Analiz yontemi ile isletmelerin finansal performansi analiz edilmistir. Analiz bulgularina gore en ideal isletme olarak Aksa Enerji, idealden en uzak isletme olarak Zorlu Enerji isletmesi belirlenmistir.
Study the effect of cloned pET-32a(+) plasmid by Lysostaphin gene against Staphylococcus aureus

Article history: Received February 21, 2020 Accepted April 06, 2020 Available online November 5, 2020 Lysostaphin is a protein zinc metalloproteinase, extracted from Staphylococcus simulans, which disrupting peptide layer of S. aureus. In this study, Lysostaphin gene was detected in the S. simulans isolates. The molecular weight of the Lysostaphin gene is 750 bp. We were used the pET-32a(+) plasmid to cloning lysostaphin gene which transformed to competent rubidium chloride E. coli DH5α for producing the lysostaphin protein. The lysostaphin protein from this gene which isolated from S. simulans, then used the expression of used to killed S. aureus, which has the thick layer of wall that is the very difficult bacteria response to treatment. The result was reported succeeded pET-32a (+) plasmid to expressed lysostaphin gene and gave lysostaphin protein with high quality and quantity. As well as the result was appeared the high accuracy of his tag method in protein extraction and purification, and the quality and quantity more than other studies.
A Robust Improved Network for Facial Expression Recognition

With the development of deep learning, even important progress has been made in the field of image classification and recognition. But facial expression recognition still faces many problems. This article is an experiment on the FER2013 dataset, the purpose is to get the facial expression attributes from the facial image. Because the pictures in this dataset have low resolution, and some pictures have no faces at all. This reduces the accuracy of facial expression recognition. In this paper, we propose a robust improved model. In this model, we introduce attention mechanism and separable convolution to improve the extraction of image features, and use data argumentation techniques to enhance the generalization ability of the model. The model obtained 65.2% test set accuracy on the FER2013 dataset.
Neonatal sepsis: Bacteriological profile,molecular detection and antimicrobial susceptibility test among pre-term pediatrics in Erbil city, Iraq

Background and objective: Neonatal sepsis refers to infection occurring within the neonatal period, the first 28 days of life for a term baby, and up to 4 weeks beyond the expected date of delivery in a pre-term baby. This study was designed to determine the frequency of neonatal early onset sepsis and late onset sepsis in some hospitals in Erbil city. Methods: Out of 170 neonate samples from Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Rapareen Pediatric Teaching Hospital and Maternity Obstetric Hospital randomly were studied through isolation and identification of causative bacteria using the traditional approach, VITEK 2 compact system, molecular detection using PCR technique, moreover, C-reactive protein and white blood cell count detected as biomarker assay. The isolated bacteria tested against some widely used antibiotics. Results: The sepsis was confirmed in 54 (31.76%) patients of total neonates with suspected cases of sepsis by clinical signs and symptoms. EOS was 42 (77.77%) were detected, and late onset sepsis was 12 (22.23%). Identification of the isolated bacteria by the traditional method, and VITEK 2 compact system were performed. In addition, molecular detection via the PCR system through the detection of the specific genes was performed. Antimicrobial Susceptibility test indicated that most of the isolated bacteria were developed resistant to the most widely used antimicrobials. Conclusion: Our study showed a high incidence of neonatal early onset sepsis more than late onset sepsis, mostly associated with Gram-negative bacteria than Gram-positive bacteria.
Record high extraction efficiency of free electron laser oscillator

The highest extraction efficiency (9.4%) of a free electron laser (FEL) oscillator has been achieved at the midinfrared FEL facility of Kyoto University. Because of the interaction between the electron beam and FEL electromagnetic field, a maximum electron energy decrease of 16% was observed. The measured energy decrease was consistent with the measured FEL spectrum. An FEL micropulse energy of ∼100 μJ with the expected few-cycle pulse duration at a wavelength of 11 μm was observed. This result is an important milestone for the high-extraction-efficiency FEL oscillator and will contribute to the strong-field physics of atoms and molecules.
Dominance of endemics in the reef fish assemblages of the Hawaiian Archipelago

Species ranges provide a valuable foundation for resolving biogeographical regions, evolutionary processes and extinction risks. To inform conservation priorities, here we develop the first bioregionalization based on reef fish abundance of the Hawaiian Archipelago, which spans nearly 10° of latitude across 2,400 km, including 8 high volcanic islands in the populated main Hawaiian Islands (MHI), and 10 low islands (atolls, shoals and islets) in the remote northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI).
A SYNOPSIS OF MACHAERANTHERA (ASTERACEAE: ASTEREAE), WITH RECOGNITION OF SEGREGATE GENERA

Recent investigations of Machaer anther a s.l. incorporating molecular, morphological, cytological, and chemical evidence have supported relationships that do not conform to any recent circumscription of the genus. To bring the classification of M achaeranthera more in line with current understanding of its evolutionary history, revisions to its taxonomy are proposed. M achaeranthera is circumscribed to include two species, and other species that have been included in Machaer anther a are apportioned into three additional genera. Dieteria is revived to accommodate three of these species, Xanthisma is expanded to accomodate 16 more species, and the new genus Arida is proposed for those remaining. New combinations for the species in Dieteria , Xanthisma, and Arida are provided.
Parenting styles revisited: A longitudinal person-oriented assessment of perceived parent behavior

The pernicious consequences of parent psychological control are well-established. Parenting style classification schemes, however, typically exclude this behavioral practice, focusing instead on demandingness and responsiveness. The present study applies a person-oriented approach to the classification of parenting styles, taking into account psychological control. Lithuanian adolescents (239 girls, 215 boys; M age = 15.14 at the outset) completed questionnaires at annual intervals across high school, describing parent behavioral control, support, and psychological control. Longitudinal multidimensional latent class growth analysis (LCGA) yielded four parenting style categories. Two conventional groups emerged: authoritative (highest behavioral control and support, lowest psychological control) and indulgent (high support, low behavioral control, lowest psychological control). Two additional groups emerged in lieu of an authoritarian category: enmeshed (high behavioral control and psychological control, intermediate support) and affectively controlling (highest psychological control, lowest behavioral control and support). Children of authoritative parents reported favorable adjustment on a host of indicators, including behavior problems, school engagement, character, self-esteem and interpersonal caring and connection; children of affectively controlling parents reported the poorest adjustment on all variables measured.
Tool Wear Prediction in Single-Sided Lapping Process

Single-sided lapping is one of the most effective planarization technologies. The process has relatively complex kinematics and it is determined by a number of inputs parameters. It has been noted that prediction of the tool wear during the process is critical for product quality control. To determine the profile wear of the lapping plate, a computer model which simulates abrasive grains trajectories was developed in MATLAB. Moreover, a data-driven technique was investigated to indicate the relationship between the tool wear uniformity and lapping parameters such as the position of conditioning rings and rotational speed of the lapping plate and conditioning rings.
Generative adversarial network–convolution neural network based breast cancer classification using optical coherence tomographic images

Currently, breast tissue images are primarily classified by pathologists, which is time-consuming and subjective. Deep learning, however, can perform this task with the utmost precision. In order to achieve an improved performance, a large number of annotated datasets are required to train the network, which is a challenging task in the medical field. In this paper, we propose an intelligent system, based on generative adversarial networks (GANs) and a convolution neural network (CNN) for the automatic classification of breast cancer, using optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. In this network, the GAN is used to generate synthetic datasets and to further utilize these synthetic datasets to increase the quantity of information, so as to improve the classification performance of the CNN. Our method is demonstrated by means of a limited set of OCT images of breast tissue. The classification performance of our method, using only the classic data increase, yielded a sensitivity level of 93.6%, with 90.8% specificity and 91.7% accuracy, based on the test datasets. By adding the synthetic data increase, the accuracy of the training datasets increased to 93.7% from 92.0%. We believe that this approach will help radiologists and pathologists to improve their diagnotic capability.
Is water consumption embedded in crop prices? A global data-driven analysis

Agricultural production exploits about 70% of all water withdrawals around the globe, but to date, it is not clear if and how this water consumption is taken into consideration in the price of the agricultural primary goods. To shed light on this point, we analyze the farm gate prices of twelve representative crops in the period 1991-2016, considering data from 162 countries in total. The crop price dependence on the water footprint is investigated, also accounting for the country’s water scarcity as a possible additional determinant of the price, and of the land footprint as a possible confounding factor. We find that prices of staple crops (e.g. wheat, maize, soybeans, and potatoes) typically embed the amount of water used for their production. Differently, food products that do not contribute in an essential way to the human diet and whose production is more export-oriented (e.g. coffee, cocoa beans, tea, vanilla) exhibit weaker or negligible water-price links. These variations may be ascribable to specific market dynamics related to the two product groups. Staple crops are often produced in markets where many producers have more space for price setting and may have an incentive to include also the value of water in the final crop price. In contrast, cash crops are cultivated in situations where few producers are ‘price takers’ with respect to the international market. This mechanism may decrease the influence of the water used on crop farm gate price composition. The understanding of different water impacts on crop prices may be useful for increasing efficiency in water allocation and governance decisions, with the aim of improved environmental sustainability in this domain.
Toxigence of anthrax vaccine strains

The ar (cid:415) cle presents the results of the studying of anthrax strains and Bacillus anthracis-like strains on the forma (cid:415) on of toxins. We found that anthrax vaccine strains ac (cid:415) vely produce exotoxins to the culture ﬂ uid. The amount of speci ﬁ c protein is di ﬀ erent under the same incuba (cid:415) on condi (cid:415) ons and depends on the individual characteris (cid:415) cs of the microorganism popula (cid:415) on, because of this, di ﬀ erent (cid:415) ters of the toxin are registered. Strain B. anthracis K-79 Z (vaccine) with the same number of plan (cid:415) ng microbial cells and growing on the same culture medium and at the same temperature produces by two orders of magnitude more exotoxin than strains B. anthracis Tsenkovsky II IBM 92Z (virulent), B. anthracis Stern 34F2, (vaccine), B. anthracis 55 (vaccine), B. anthracis SB (vaccine), B. anthracis Tsenkovsky I (vaccine, а pathogenic). The amount of exotoxin may change if the pH of the medium changes. The ac (cid:415) vity of exotoxin produc (cid:415) on, when the pH changes, depends on the characteris (cid:415) cs of the anthrax strain.
De/coloniality, disabled sexualities, and anti-oppressive education: a review of Southern African literature

This review seeks to establish the current body of knowledge on the intersection of de/coloniality and the sexuality of disabled individuals. It suggests that few studies problematise the lack of such intersections in Southern Africa. The review locates this dearth of knowledge within the recent rollout of comprehensive sexuality education in schools, which remains silent to intersections of de/coloniality, disability, and sexuality. This analysis builds on the recommendation of Kumashiro to consider marginalised and post-structural theories in developing anti-oppressive education for disabled groups in terms of their sexualities. This becomes relevant as the sexuality of disabled individuals has been subject to institutional oppression based on colonial ideologies of health, beauty, and sexuality, since socio-medical discourses portray disabled individuals as infertile, non-sexual, and degendered. Given the shortage of relevant studies, the review uses the available local and international literature to locate the complex, interconnected structures and actors that perpetuate repressive colonial systems such as ableism, compulsory able-bodiedness, and heteronormativity within sexuality education. It suggests alternative ways of looking at these intersections within the diverse scope of comprehensive sexuality education. It does not claim that decoloniality is the panacea to erase the consequences of coloniality towards disabled sexualities, but suggests that it is one of the modalities that can redress the complex, interconnected systems of post-colonial oppression. The review recommends that future authors consider other marginalised and post-structural theories in conceptualising anti-oppressive education, like Foucauldian theories.
Secure Hash Algorithms and the Corresponding FPGA Optimization Techniques

Cryptographic hash functions are widely used primitives with a purpose to ensure the integrity of data. Hash functions are also utilized in conjunction with digital signatures to provide authentication and non-repudiation services. The SHA has been developed over time by the National Institute of Standards and Technology for security, optimal performance, and robustness. The best-known hash standards are SHA-1, SHA-2, and SHA-3. Security is the most notable criterion for evaluating the hash functions. However, the hardware performance of an algorithm serves as a tiebreaker among the contestants when all other parameters (security, software performance, and flexibility) have equal strength. Field Programmable Gateway Array (FPGA) is a reconfigurable hardware that supports a variety of design options, making it the best choice for implementing the hash standards. In this survey, particular attention is devoted to the FPGA optimization techniques for the three hash standards. The study covers several types of optimization techniques and their contributions to the performance of FPGAs. Moreover, the article highlights the strengths and weaknesses of each of the optimization methods and their influence on performance. We are optimistic that the study will be a useful resource encompassing the efforts carried out on the SHAs and FPGA optimization techniques in a consolidated form.
Visual discourse coalitions: visualization and discourse formation in controversies over shale gas development

ABSTRACT Attending to the role of visualizations in discourse formations allows for detecting the emergence of particular visual storylines. This article studies the emergence of visual storylines in energy policy, in particular shale gas controversies. The analysis is based on data gathered in three internet regions: the Netherlands, New York State, and South Africa. The analysis studies how visualizations may contribute to confirmation, disintegration, integration, or polarization of discourse coalitions due to similarities or differences between visual and discursive storylines. From the results, we suggest the notion of visual discourse coalitions (VDCs) to contribute to the study of visualizations and discourses in policy controversies. We define a VDC as a network of actors that share a similar discursive storyline and a similar visual storyline of the controversy. The article shows that visualizations and their graphic characteristics add another dimension to the formation of discourse coalitions and the way they develop, connect, or disconnect.
Study on Reinforcement Learning-Based Missile Guidance Law

Reinforcement learning is generating considerable interest in terms of building guidance law and solving optimization problems that were previously difficult to solve. Since reinforcement learning-based guidance laws often show better robustness than a previously optimized algorithm, several studies have been carried out on the subject. This paper presents a new approach to training missile guidance law by reinforcement learning and introducing some notable characteristics. The novel missile guidance law shows better robustness to the controller-model compared to the proportional navigation guidance. The neural network in this paper has identical inputs with proportional navigation guidance, which makes the comparison fair, distinguishing it from other research. The proposed guidance law will be compared to the proportional navigation guidance, which is widely known as quasi-optimal of missile guidance law. Our work aims to find effective missile training methods through reinforcement learning, and how better the new method is. Additionally, with the derived policy, we contemplated which is better, and in which circumstances it is better. A novel methodology for the training will be proposed first, and the performance comparison results will be continued therefrom.
Design of MIMO antenna system operating in wideband of 3300 to 6400 MHz for future 5G mobile terminal applications

In this paper, a wideband eight‐element antenna array operating in the 5G (Fifth‐generation) NR (New Radio) frequency bands N77/N78/N79 (3300‐5000 MHz), LTE (Long Term Evolution) band 46 (5150‐5925 MHz), and EU (European Union) 5G band of 5900 to 6400 MHz for 8 × 8 MIMO (Multi‐Input Multi‐Output) operation in the future 5G mobile terminal is presented. The proposed eight antenna elements are all co‐coupled‐fed IFA (Inverted‐F antenna)/loop structure, and are divided into two same sub‐arrays which printed on the inner surface of two long frames of the mobile terminal, respectively. All the simulated and measured results present consecutive 6‐dB impedance bandwidth of 3200 to 6500 MHz, acceptable isolations (better than 12 dB), and good total efficiencies (more than 50%). Besides, the proposed wideband 8‐antenna MIMO system has also shown good MIMO performances with ECCs (envelope correlation coefficient) are all lower than 0.08, and ergodic channel capacities are all higher than 37.8 bps/Hz within the entire desired operation bands. In addition, the hand phantom effects are also investigated. The prototype of the proposed wideband eight‐element antenna array is fabricated and measured, and a quite good agreement between simulation and measurement is obtained.