Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trends in HFE Methods and Tools and Their Applicability to Safety Reviews

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission's (NRC) conducts human factors engineering (HFE) safety reviews of applicant submittals for new plants and for changes to existing plants. The reviews include the evaluation of the methods and tools (M&T) used by applicants as part of their HFE program. The technology used to perform HFE activities has been rapidly evolving, resulting in a whole new generation of HFE M&Ts. The objectives of this research were to identify the current trends in HFE methods and tools, determine their applicability to NRC safety reviews, and identify topics for which the NRC may need additional guidance to support the NRC's safety reviews. We conducted a survey that identified over 100 new HFE M&Ts. The M&Ts were assessed to identify general trends. Seven trends were identified: Computer Applications for Performing Traditional Analyses, Computer-Aided Design, Integration of HFE Methods and Tools, Rapid Development Engineering, Analysis of Cognitive Tasks, Use of Virtual Environments and Visualizations, and Application of Human Performance Models. We assessed each trend to determine its applicability to the NRC's review by considering (1) whether the nuclear industry is making use of M&Ts for each trend, and (2) whether M&Ts reflecting the trend can be reviewed using themore » current design review guidance. We concluded that M&T trends that are applicable to the commercial nuclear industry and are expected to impact safety reviews may be considered for review guidance development. Three trends fell into this category: Analysis of Cognitive Tasks, Use of Virtual Environments and Visualizations, and Application of Human Performance Models. The other trends do not need to be addressed at this time. « less
Joint Australian/UK Stack Fragmentation Trials. Phase 2,

Abstract : The Explosion Effects Sub-Committee (EESC) of ESTC recommended in 1980 the investigation of fragments and debris arising from an untraversed bomb stack, one having a standard 2 degree traverse and also one with a 10 degree traverse. In addition, the effect of having such a stack inside a typical brick built storehouse with a protective concrete roof, under comparable traversed conditions, was also to be determined. As a result of reservations expressed by RARDE concerning the symmetry of the bomb stacks used in Phase 1 it was decided to carry out a Phase 1B search over part of the sites used during Phase 1. A Phase 2 had been recommended because of some doubts as to the applicability of the trails to buildings which were considerably weaker than those tested, e.g., with 115mm brick walls and because it was not felt that the results allowed extrapolation down to small quantities of explosives (less than 1800 kg). Phase 2 was proposed using smaller quantities of explosives, typically of a few hundred kilograms, in a similar type brick built building to ascertain the effect of reduced loading.
CORRELATION AND GENETIC ANALYSES OF DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS IN SAUDI ARABIAN WHEAT REVEAL CORRELATION NETWORKS AND SEVERAL TRAIT-ASSOCIATED MARKERS

Thirty-six different morpho-agronomic traits in 40 different accessions of Saudi Arabian wheat were investigated through marker-trait association analysis, which could provide a single PCR marker. A total of 25 different correlations were retrieved, among which, days to heading (DH) was negatively correlated with flag leaf anthocyanin (FLA) (r = – 0.73) and positively correlated with plant height (PH) (r = 0.63) and leaf length (LL) (r =0.62). Additionally, seeds count on spike (SCS) was positively correlated with awn color (AC) (r = 0.67) and spike color (SC) (r = 0.61) and negatively correlated with grain shape (GS) (r = –0.6). Additionally, 19 PCR primers belonging to three different types of markers (ISSR, SSR, and SCoT) were used to study the population structure and diversity and to investigate the association between different agronomic traits. The total number of bands (TNB) produced by different molecular marker assays was 158. The number of polymorphic bands (PB) ranged from 1 (SCoT3 and SSR14) to 10 (SCoT5, and SCoT35), with a mean of 4.7 bands per primer. The polymorphism percentage (PP) for primers ranged from 14% (SCoT3) to 100% (SSR9, SSR10, and SSR2), with an average of 60% per primer. Thirty-seven molecular markers (7 SSRs, 26 SCoTs, and 4 ISSRs) manifested significant associations with 29 wheat plant traits. Some markers were associated with more than one agronomic trait. These findings could support Saudi Arabian wheat breeding programs by providing several markers associated with agronomic traits that could be used in marker-assisted selection in local wheat accessions.
Continuous Observation of Navstar Clock Offset from the DoD Master Clock Using Linked Common-View Time Transfer

Abstract : Analysis of the on-orbit Navstar clocks and of the Global Positioning System (GPS) and National Imaging and Mapping Agency (NIMA) monitor station reference clocks is performed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) using both broadcast and postprocessed precise ephemerides. The precise ephemerides are produced by NIMA for each of the GPS space vehicles from pseudorange measurements collected at five GPS and seven NIMA monitor stations spaced around the world. That the time reference for the NIMA Washington, DC, monitor station is the DoD Master Clock has enabled synchronized time transfer every 15 minutes via Linked Common-View Time Transfer from the DoD Master Clock to the eleven monitor stations. Summing the offset of a space vehicle clock from a monitor station time reference with the offset of the monitor station time reference from the DoD Master Clock yields the offset of the space vehicle clock from the Master Clock for the period during which the space vehicle was in view of the monitor station. Repeating this procedure for each of the monitor stations produces continuous overlapping observations of the offset of the Navstar clock from the DoD Master Clock. Following this procedure for the Navstar 29 cesium clock for 118 days during which there were no anomalies in either the space vehicle clock or the Washington, DC monitor station time reference yielded a measurement noise with a standard deviation of 1.1 nanoseconds. This was reduced to an estimated measurement precision of 641 picoseconds by averaging overlapping measurements from multiple monitor stations at each observation time. Analysis of the low-noise clock offset from the DoD Master Clock yields not only the bias in time of the space vehicle clock, but focuses attention on structure in the behavior of the space vehicle clock not previously observable.
Criterion-Related Validity of Non-Cognitive Screening Measures among Soldiers with Enlistment Waivers

Abstract : This report examines the criterion-related validity of the U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences'(ARI's) on-cognitive measures for predicting various types of performance, attitudinal, and retention criteria for Soldiers who required waivers for entry. We conducted analyses to evaluate the prediction provided by each instrument in isolation, as well as additional prediction beyond that provided by the Armed Forces Qualification Test, or AFQT-he primary cognitive measure used by the Army for making selection decisions. All analyses were conducted using Soldier data from ARI' Army Class Longitudinal Validation database and Tier One Performance Screen Initial Operational Test and Evaluation (TOPS IOTE if anything, as a whole, these non-cognitive measures appear to be very slightly more valid for Soldiers with waivers, although it depends upon the specific measure in question.
Refinement and Evaluation of the ARKTRANS Framework Through Use in Travel Information Services

ARKTRANS is the national framework architecture for multimodal intelligent transportation systems (ITS) in Norway. This paper describes an action research approach where ARKTRANS is improved through practical use in a project addressing multimodal travel information services. The usability of ARKTRANS with respect to person transport, travel information service and multimodality is assessed. An overview of the content of ARKTRANS that supports the establishment of new and improved travel information services is given: The roles played by the stakeholders involved; the functionality needed by these roles; process descriptions showing interactions between the roles; information exchanged via open services; and the technical implementation of these services.
Next Generation Data Collection System for Mobile Detection and Discrimination of Unexploded Ordnance

Abstract : A feasibility analysis for one-pass detection and discrimination of unexploded ordnance was conducted. Position and orientation accuracies were optimized through Kalman filtering of Global Positioning System and tactical grade Inertial Motion Unit data output from a Novatel SPAN. In controlled tests on a rotating amusement park carousel and when mounted on a towed array, the SPAN demonstrated positional and orientation accuracies of better than 2 cm and 0.6 degrees respectively. Survey design analysis and monte-carlo simulations were used to predict the expected performance of next-generation cart and towed-array systems. A modification of the TEMTADS cued interrogation array, comprising four 1 m by 1 m transmitters that fire-sequentially, display excellent discrimination potential. The four-transmitter TEMTADS with 5 cm position error and 2 degree orientation error outperformed a EM63 equivalent sensor with 1 cm and 1 degree error. We conclude that one-pass detection and discrimination will be feasible at many UXO contaminated sites.
Flow over a rearward facing step

The characteristics of flow over a rearward facing step is discussed in a paper presented by NASA Lewis Research Center personnel. The objective is to obtain data which will be used for validation of Direct Numerical Simulations being developed at NASA Langley and Ames. Two phases of the work are identified as a study of large scale structures in the flow using hot-wire/cold wire techniques and the development of a statistical data base for using three-component laser velocimetry.
Porous Emitter Colloid Thruster Performance Characterization Using Optical Techniques

Abstract : This research focuses on experimentally characterizing the performance parameters of a colloid thruster with porous emitters through optical techniques. Porous emitters are different than traditional needle emitters in how they allow a variation in the number and size of Taylor Cones throughout a range of propellant volumetric flow rate conditions. An algorithm is created to calculate the estimated minimum and maximum number of emitter sites based on magnified images of the porous emitter heads. Theoretical thruster performance parameters are then established from the estimated number of emitter sites. Experimental techniques for measuring the thrust and exhaust exit velocity are proposed. They are then analyzed for their compatibility and limitations with colloid thruster testing based on the theoretical performance parameters. The research and analysis lays the foundation for future colloid thruster testing and characterization. This baseline model and analysis can be refined through laboratory testing in order to be used for future mission analysis determining the viability of the new porous emitter as an enhanced colloid thruster feature over traditional needles.
Leakage Reduction for On-Die Caches

Abstract : Technology scaling is associated with exponential increase in leakage for every subsequent technology generation. Since cache memories take up a significant portion of the die in modern processors, leakage contributes largely to power dissipation in caches. Our effort was to reduce leakage in large caches. We investigated several leakage-tolerant co-design techniques at the circuit and architecture levels. We also considered the effectiveness of the proposed techniques with predictive scaled devices. In particular, we determined that source biased and body biased caches can be effective in reducing leakage significantly. A 0.18 micrometers, 1.8 V, 16 KB source-biased static random access memory (SRAM) test chip shows 94.2 percent reduction in SRAM cell leakage at a performance penalty of less than 2 percent. Measured results also indicate that our proposed memory cell improves SRAM static noise margin by 25 percent. It should be noted that our techniques do consider different components of leakage current and process parameter variations.
Submodule Capacitance Parameter and Voltage Balancing Scheme of a New Multilevel VSC Modular

The capacitance parameter of the submodule in a new voltage source converter (VSC), i.e. modular multilevel VSC, is designed ideally from the viewpoint of pulsation of power and energy of its phase leg, based on the detailed analysis of its essential working mechanism, with the voltage ripple factor of submodule being considered. Aiming at the critical problem about capacitor voltage balancing of each submodule, a feasible voltage-balancing scheme is presented. This scheme could effectively ensure each submodule at the same capacitance and voltage level and each power semiconductor device enduring equal stress. In addition, a simple and effective capacitor precharge scheme on the submodule is presented. Different from the traditional capacitor precharge method through AC system, this precharge scheme can be controlled flexibly, don’t need the current limiting resistance for damping the surge current and can make the VSC have certain "black start" capability. The abovementioned various schemes were verified well by simulations.
Industrial Engineering Made Simple

Many high school students these days do not quickly recognize or identify Industrial Engineering (IE) procedures, practices, and products. Recruitment of qualified students into IE programs requires continuous planning, publicizing, and networking. Traditional recruitment efforts have included high school visits, brochures & flyers, and university-sponsored workshops. However, these techniques have only achieved mediocre success. Currently, a need exists for new promotional materials that utilize visual tools and provide a “hands-on” approach. We have developed several exercises that successfully introduce IE. Two such exercises are explained in this paper. The first exercise demonstrates the differences between Assembly line and Cellular Manufacturing by engaging the students in various stages of a production line. The students are then asked to study the effects of different strategies as they manufacture a simple product. The second exercise introduces Mechatronics. Students are asked to build a model car that responds to a source of controlled light. In limited trials, these exercises have proven successful.
Why do we often get biological growth on thin rendering on thermal insulation constructions

If one takes a closer look at almost any building facade one will find biological growth. Although this can be seen as an integral part of an antique building, for modern buildings it is in most cases seen as an aesthetical problem. All building facades will most likely be discolored by biological growth by time, but in Sweden we have had many cases of newly built rendered facades that have been discolored much more rapidly than usual. The problem is believed to occur mainly on thin rendering applied on thermal insulation -which is a common building facade construction in Sweden -but apart from this, it is difficult to find clear indications of which facades that will be affected. As it is well known that different biological organisms has different requirements in physical factors (especially temperature and relative humidity) for germination and growth on any substrate, it is important to define which conditions the organisms needs to grow on a building fasade. We have studied the temperature and relative humidity conditions on the surfaces of different rendered facade constructions. We find that the surface temperature on a facade of thin rendering on thermal insulation drops quickly during nights, as these constructions have low heat capacity in the rendering layer. This leads to high relative humidity and even condensation, during clear nights. Other abiotic factors that seem also to influence the risk for growth are surface color and rendering structure. From the temperature and relative humidity measurements in this study, we aim at giving insight of the surface climate on a building facade in order to fully understand the rendered facade as a biological habitat. (Less)
Tuning the Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Pyrene-Pyridine Chromophores by Protonation and Complexation to d10 Metal Centers †

The linear and second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of two pyrene-pyridine chromophores, namely, 4-(pyren-1-yl)pyridine (L1) and 4-(2-(pyren-1-yl)ethyl)pyridine (L2), were investigated and modulated by performing protonation/deprotonation cycles or by complexation to d10 metal centers such as Zn(II) and Cu(I) to form the monomeric [Zn(CH3CO2)2(L1)2] complex and the [CuI(L2)]n coordination polymer, respectively. The structures of L1, L2, [Zn(CH3CO2)2(L1)2] and [CuI(L2)]n were determined by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The NLO response, measured by the electric-field-induced second harmonic generation (EFISH) technique, was positive for both chromophores and showed an inversion of the sign after exposure to HCl vapors. This process was completely reversible and the original values were restored by simple exposure to NH3 vapors. Coordination of L1 to Zn(II) also resulted in a negative NLO response, although smaller in magnitude compared to the protonated form, due to the weak Lewis acidity of the “Zn(CH3CO2)2” fragment. The results were also interpreted on the basis of DFT/TDDFT calculations.
Multidimensional Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Exercises for Cardiovascular Disease: A Protocol for Systemic Review.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the No. 1 leading cause of death worldwide and its mortality is still on the rise. Cumulative studies suggest that Traditional Chinese Exercises (TCEs), such as Tai Chi, Baduanjin, and Qi Gong, benefit cardiopulmonary function. In this study, we proposed a meta-analysis protocol to systemically review the benefits of TCEs for CVD using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as the outcome measures. Methods: Randomized controlled studies on TCEs as a rehabilitation strategy for CVD patients and published till Dec. 2019 will be searched from eleven databases. Benefits of TCEs will be further grouped according to the ICF checklist, the subgroups of TCEs are to address heterogeneity. Study selection and data extraction will be performed independently by two reviewers. Data analysis will be performed using Review Manager software, and the risk of bias will be assessed using Cochrane criteria. Results: Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated electronically and in print. Conclusion: Using ICF as the reference, this study will provide novel insights on the value of TCEs as a rehabilitation approach for CVD patients. The results will help clinicians to design rehabilitation programs and select appropriate TCEs optimal for CVD patients. The protocol is applying for registration on PROSPERO. Figure A will prove.
Femtocells: Technologies and Deployment

This book provides an in-depth guide to femtocell technologies In this book, the authors provide a comprehensive and organized explanation of the femtocell concepts, architecture, air interface technologies, and challenging issues arising from the deployment of femtocells, such as interference, mobility management and self-organization. The book details a system level simulation based methodology addressing the key concerns of femtocell deployment such as interference between femto and macrocells, and the performance of both femto and macrocell layers. In addition, key research topics in interference modeling and mitigation, mobility management and Self-Organizing Network (SON) are highlighted. The authors also introduce HNB/HeNB standardization in 3GPP. Furthermore, access methods (closed, open and hybrid), applications, timing synchronization, health issues, business models and security are discussed. The authors also provide a comparison between femtocells and other indoor coverage techniques such as picocells, repeaters, distributed antenna systems and radio over fiber. Lastly, both CDMA and OFDMA based femtocells are covered. Key Features: Provides a comprehensive reference on femtocells and related topics Offers the latest research results on femtocells based on simulation and measurements Gives an overview of indoor coverage techniques such as picocells, repeaters, distributed antenna systems, radio over fiber and femtocells Includes chapters on femtocell access network architecture, air interface technologies (GSM, UMTS, HSPA, WiMAX and LTE), femtocell simulation, interference analysis and mitigation in femto/macrocell networks, mobility management in femto/macrocell networks, femtocell self-organization and other key challenges such as timing synchronization and security faced by femtocell deployment Points to over 240 references from 3GPP, The Femto Forum, journals and conference proceedings This book will be an invaluable guide for RF engineers from operators, R&D engineers from femtocells hardware manufacturers, employees from regulatory bodies, radio network planners, academics and researchers from universities and research organizations. Students undertaking wireless communications courses will also find this book insightful.