Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of echocardiography in risk stratification of excess weight, hypertensive children

Given the increasing burden of excess weight in pediatric patients and its relationship with blood pressure (BP) levels, we employed echocardiography to identify cardiac changes in a cohort of excess-weight children and the potential additional effect of raised BP. Forty-six excess-weight children and 28 normal weight controls underwent clinical examination, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), and echocardiography. Left ventricular (LV) mass was similar in the two groups when normalizing to body surface area (BSA). LV mass was greater in excess-weight children by normalizing to height to a power of 2.7 (t(58)=3.27, p=0.002, C.I. [1.97, 8.19]) and also to height to a power of 2.16 with a correction factor of 0.09 (t(70.33)=3.98, p<0.001, 95% C.I. [2.5, 7.51]). Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), defined as >45g/m was present in 13 participants (28.3%) from the excess weight arm and one participant (3.7%) from the control arm (p=0.012). One excess weight participant (2.17%) exhibited LVH based on the >51g/m threshold and none when LV mass was normalized to BSA. Relative wall thickness (RWT) was significantly higher in the excess weight group (M=0.41, SD=0.5) compared to controls (M=0.38, SD=0.4), t(71)=2.36, p=0.021, C.I. [0.004, 0.049]. Neither LV wall thickness, LV mass, presence of LVH, nor RWT correlated with abnormal BP levels. We could not demonstrate a clear connection between the observed minor changes and BP status. Depending on the severity and duration of exposure to risk factors, an echocardiogram may point out subtle changes in cardiac size and geometry; such features will identify children at greater risk.
Moderating Effect of Free Cash Flow and Managerial Ownership on Earnings Management of Listed Conglomerate Firms in Nigeria

Financial reports, which ordinarily should provide a true and fair view of the firm's performance and financial status as of the reporting date, are manipulated due to the opportunistic behaviour of some managers. The separation of ownership and control forms the basis of divergent motivation between stockholders and management, resulting in a conflict of interest and agency costs. The management tends to abuse their trust in the presence of excess cash flow in a firm to pursue personal interest while reporting good financial performance. Managerial ownership is considered an important component of ownership structures to mitigate the conflict between managers and shareholders. This study examined the moderating effect of managerial ownership on the relationship between free cash flow and earnings management of conglomerate firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange as at December 31 2017. The study was conducted on all 6 conglomerate firms listed on the Nigerian stock exchange from the period 2005 to 2017. The study used a correlational research design and secondary data from the firms' annual reports and accounted for the periods. Multiple regression was employed in analysing the data. The results showed that free cash flow has a positive and significant effect on earnings management. Managerial ownership has a negative and significant effect on earnings management. In comparison, managerial ownership interaction with free cash flow on earning management has an insignificant negative effect. The study concludes that managerial ownership may likely reduce earnings management in the presence of free cash flow in listed conglomerate firms in Nigeria. Based on the study's findings, it is recommended that managers be encouraged to increase their shareholdings in the firms to better align their Kargi & Zakariya. Moderating Effect of Free Cash Flow. 31 interests with that of other shareholders and reduce their opportunistic tendencies. Also, shareholders and management should exercise good governance practices to identify viable investment projects into which excess cash flow may be channelled to reduce the managers' motivation for opportunistic behaviours.
Weak consequence relation between λ -terms

: The language of lambda calculus has many applications for solving diﬀerent problems in logic, informatics, linguistics and artiﬁcial intelligence. Lambda calculus is based on the basic relation between terms, which is called beta conversion. In the proposed report, we formulate a weaker relation between lambda terms, which allows to establish more subtle connections between logic and lambda calculus. The basic idea is that when we assign a type α to a term X relatively to the context Γ , which is written in the form Γ (cid:96) X : α , the concept of context plays a role analogous to the concept of a model in logic. If in logic the expression M (cid:15) A means that the formula A is true in the model M , then in the λ -calculus with types the expression Γ (cid:96) X : α means that in the context Γ the term X is assigned the type α , and this term has a value, which can be computed. In logic, the relation of logical consequence between formulas A and B is deﬁned as A (cid:15) B ⇔ ∀ M ( M (cid:15) A ⇒ M (cid:15) B ) . If we transfer this scheme to λ -calculus, then the λ -consequence relation between terms can be deﬁned as X (cid:15) λ Y ⇔ ∀ Γ ∈ Ctx [ ∃ α ( Γ (cid:96) X : α ) ⇒ ∃ β ( Γ (cid:96) Y : β )] . The meaning of this relation is that in every context in which we can assign some type to X , we can also assign some type to the term Y . In other words, if the function represented by the term X is computable, then the function represented by the term Y is also computable. The λ -consequence relation between terms has many properties analogous to the classical logical consequence relation between formulas, as well as a number of new properties, characteristic for the λ -calculus with types.
Sensor Monitoring Using a Fuzzy Neural Network with an Automatic Input Selection and Rule Generation Algorithm

The performance of fuzzy neural networks applied to sensor signal estimation strongly depends on the selection of input signals. In estimating sensor signals for sensor failure detection, there are usually a large number of input signals related to output signal estimation. As the number of input variables increases, the required training time of a fuzzy neural network increases exponentially and also there is much possibility which it has wrong information. Thus, it is needed to reduce the number of inputs to a fuzzy neural network and moreover, to select the optimum number of mutually independent inputs that are able to clearly define the input-output mapping. In this work, to automatically select important input signals, an automatic input selection routine that combines the correlation analysis and genetic algorithm is got in a fuzzy neural network which estimates a specific relevant signal. Also, since the number of fuzzy inference rules depends on that of selected inputs, the number of its rules is decided automatically according to the number of inputs. Whether the sensors fail or not is determined by applying the sequential probability ratio test to the residuals between the actually measured signals and the signals estimated by the fuzzy neural network. The proposed sensor monitoring method was verified by using various sensor signals acquired in Yonggwang unit 3&4 pressurized water reactors.
An Investigation of Online Reverse Engineering Community Discussions in the Context of Ghidra

Reverse engineering is a complex task. As with many other expert tasks, reverse engineers rely on colleagues and the broader reverse engineering community to provide guidance and develop knowledge necessary to achieve their goals. For example, it is common for reverse engineers to reach out for help to understand and effectively use new tools. Thus far, however, there has been limited investigation of the way knowledge is developed in this community and new tools are adopted. This paper takes a first step toward understanding reverse engineering community dynamics around tool adoption, using the release of the National Security Agency's Ghidra reverse engineering framework as a point of focus. In this paper, we review discussions about Ghidra to identify what features reverse engineers are most interested in, how reverse engineers develop knowledge about Ghidra together online, and whether these dynamics differ between forums. In total, we analyze 1590 reverse engineering discussions between 688 reverse engineers over 3 forums (i.e., Twitter, Reddit, and StackExchange). Our results suggest reverse engineers are most interested in features that allow them to customize Ghidra. We also observe limited evidence of collective sensemaking on the forums, with few reverse engineers participating in multiple discussions threads and most acting as either knowledge producers or consumers. Finally, we found that the forums operated similarly, but Twitter was most often used to announce information (e.g., tutorial links, tool overviews, vulnerabilities in Ghidra) and reverse engineers used StackExchange mostly to get support for specific problems. Reddit acted as a middle option. Based on these results, we make recommendations to improve reverse engineering tool development, improve community participation during adoption, and suggest directions for future work.
Morphosyntactic variation in Dutch dialects: theoretical vs. geographical distance

In this paper we explore a methodology for comparing different analyses of a set of morphosyntactic variation data from Dutch dialects. The analyses we focus on are a parametric account on the one hand and a purely geography-based one on the other. Based on an experiment that uses the k-nearest neighbor classificationwe are able to precisely and explicitlyweigh and compare the two accounts, and by projecting the outcome of the experiment back onto a geographical map, we gain further insight into the relative strengths and weaknesses of the approaches under consideration.
Exploiting Online Locality and Reduction Parallelism for Sampled Dense Matrix Multiplication on GPUs

Sampled Dense-Dense Matrix Multiplication (SDDMM) is a core component of many machine learning systems. SDDMM exposes a substantial amount of parallelism that favors throughput-oriented architectures like the GPU. However, accelerating it on GPUs is challenging in two aspects: the poor memory access locality caused by the sparse sampling matrix with the poor parallelism caused by the dot-product reduction of vectors in two dense matrices. To address both challenges, we present PRedS to boost SDDMM efficiency with a suite of Parallel Reduction Scheduling optimizations. PRedS uses Vectorized Coarsen 1-Dimensional Tiling (VCT) to benefit the online locality of loading the dense matrix. PRedS uses Integrated Interleaving Reduction (IIR) to increase thread occupancy in the parallel reduction. PRedS also leverages Warp-Merged Tiling (WMT) to preserve occupancy and parallelism when reducing very long arrays. Enhanced with GPU-intrinsic vectorized memory loading, PRedS achieves a geometric speedup of 29.20× compared to the vendor library. PRedS achieves up to 8.31× speedup over state-of-the-art implementations on the SuiteSparse benchmark.
A Short Corticosteroid Course Reduces Symptoms and Immunological Alterations Underlying Long-COVID

Despite the growing number of patients with persistent symptoms after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, the pathophysiology underlying long-COVID is not yet well characterized, and there is no established therapy. We performed a deep immune profiling in nine patients with persistent symptoms (PSP), before and after a 4-day prednisone course, and five post-COVID-19 patients without persistent symptoms (NSP). PSP showed a perturbed distribution of circulating mononuclear cell populations. Symptoms in PSP were accompanied by a pro-inflammatory phenotype characterized by increased conventional dendritic cells and augmented expression of antigen presentation, co-stimulation, migration, and activation markers in monocytes. The adaptive immunity compartment in PSP showed a Th1-predominance, decreased naïve and regulatory T cells, and augmentation of the PD-1 exhaustion marker. These immune alterations reverted after the corticosteroid treatment and were maintained during the 4-month follow-up, and their normalization correlated with clinical amelioration. The current work highlights an immunopathogenic basis together with a possible role for steroids in the treatment for long-COVID.
Social Distancing in Tourism Destination Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: A Moderated Mediation Model

While protective measures in response to infectious diseases may reduce the freedom of tourists (regarding their behaviors), few studies have documented the effects of destination protective measures on the self-protective behaviors of tourists. By applying the protection motivation theory, this study examines the effects of perceived destination protective supports on the social distancing intentions of tourists during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results reveal significant relationships among perceived destination support, coping appraisal, threat appraisal, and the social distancing intentions of tourists. Moreover, two cognitive appraisals—toward the pandemic—partially mediate the relationship between perceived destination support and social distancing intention, and this mediational process is ‘intervened’ with by social norms. This has implications on whether tourist destinations apply more rigorous social distancing polices during the COVID-19 pandemic, to enhance the coping confidence behaviors of tourists, without causing anxiety and fear, and to achieve the goal of enhancing tourists’ intentions to protect themselves.
High-intensity Interval Training Improves Inflammatory Mediators in Obese Women: Based on the Study of the UCP2 Ala55Val Gene

Background: Increased inflammatory mediators in obesity are associated with metabolic syndrome. Exercise is an effective effort to reduce the incidence of obesity. The High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) program is an exercise which include combination of high-intensity exercise and rest periods. The decrease in body fat levels due to physical training will further affect inflammatory mediators such as IL6 and TNFα. Besides training factor, genetic also play a role on obesity. One of the genes that influence obesity is the UCP2 Ala55Val gene. Objectives: This research aims to see the effect of HIIT on the levels of inflammatory mediators in obese patients based on the study of the Ala55Val UCP2 gene. Methods: This study was a Quasi-Experimental Pre and Post Design Without Control Group. Thirty obese women (BMI≥25 kg/m2) were given High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) as an intervention by comparing the data before and after the intervention. The training intervention was conducted for 12 weeks, consisting of two weeks of adaptation and ten weeks of HIIT intervention. The body weight, BMI and inflammatory mediators (TNFα and IL 6) before and after the intervention were analyzed using the Dependent T-Test and Wilcoxon Test as a nonparametric test. Independent T-Test and Mann Whitney test used to determine the effect of the UCP2 Ala55Val gene on changes in body weight, BMI and the inflammatory mediator. The test results were considered significantly different if p<0.05. Results: Bivariate analysis using Dependent T-Test showed that HIIT significantly improved Body Weight, BMI and IL6 with p=0.0001. Wilcoxon Test showed that HIIT significantly improved TNFα with p=0.0001. Independent T-Test showed no difference in body weight (p=0.719), BMI (p=0.663) and TNFα (p=0.264) improvement in the two genotypes of the UCP2 Ala55Val gene. Mann Whitney Test showed no difference in IL6 (p=0.288) improvement in the two genotypes of the UCP2 Ala55Val gene. Conclusion: The research concluded that the 12-week HIIT interventions improved inflammatory mediators by reducing IL6 and TNFα in obese women. There was no effect of genetic variation on the response to training intervention.
Characterization and cytotoxicity of low-molecular-weight chitosan and chito-oligosaccharides derived from tilapia fish scales

The present study evaluated the physicochemical characterization and cytotoxicity activity of chitosan and chito-oligosaccharides (COSs). The extraction of chitosan and COSs was executed by chemical hydrolysis. The physicochemical characterization and deacetylation (DA) value were determined using an FTIR. The molecular weight was determined by using the Mark–Houwink equation. The physical parameters such as solubility, water-binding capacity (WBC), and fat-binding capacity (FBC) were determination as per equation (i), (ii), and (iii) respectively. The cytotoxic activities of chitosan and COS against MCF-7, HepG2, HeLa-6, and 3T3 were performed by MTS assay. The COS induced enhance cytotoxicity with IC50 0.87 and 2.21 mg/ml against MCF-7 and HepG2 respectively. However, COSs seem to be more sensitive toward the cell lines with the relative potential of MCF-7 > HepG2 > HeLa. Hence, the results showed promising future perspectives of chitosan and COS to develop biodegradable, antibacterial, cytotoxic naturally derived polysaccharides for cancer drug delivery and smart wound dressings.
Fast state detection in F1-ATPase rotation enhanced by theory of mixed states and external torque

During brief 120° transitions between long catalytic dwells, single F1-ATPase molecules exhibit angular jumps that vary with rotation angles. Using the angular jump profile enables the detection of fast states in the mechano-chemical scheme of the enzyme, states that are difficult to capture from single-molecule trajectories due to the fluctuations of the imaging nanoprobe. In a previous work, a short-lived, three occupancy state was postulated from a multi-state, probabilistic theory to explain the mean angular jump profile. An assumption in the theory was that the ‘mixing’ of chemical states is negligible during jumps. In a mixing event, two subsequent angular positions recorded by the imaging apparatus belong to two different chemical states of the motor enzyme due to fast reactions within a recording frame. In this paper, we provide an enhanced method for the detection of fast states. On one hand, we show using Langevin simulations that state mixing leads to faster mean angular jump, shifting up the profile. Consequently, the improved method provides a correction to the angular position and lifetime of the postulated three-occupancy metastable state. On the other hand, we show that when F1-ATPase is subject to torques opposing rotation in hydrolysis direction, the torques shift down the dwell angles without affecting the angle-dependent reaction rates. The torques improve detection capability for the fast state by increasing dwell times which is made evident by the flattening of the mean angular jump profile within 40°–60° from the catalytic dwell. In the three-occupancy state release of ADP occurs in concert with the binding of ATP to a different site in the F1-ATPase. Similarly, in the full ATP synthase when torques are created by the proton gradient in the FO region, the release of the product ATP is presumably accelerated by the binding of ADP to a different site in the F1 domain.
Charge Carrier Trapping during Diffusion Generally Observed for Particulate Photocatalytic Films

Photo-excited charge carriers play a vital role in photocatalysts and photovoltaics, and their dynamic processes must be understood to improve their efficiencies by controlling them. The photo-excited charge carriers in photocatalytic materials are usually trapped to the defect states in the picosecond time range and are subject to recombination to the nanosecond to microsecond order. When photo-excited charge carrier dynamics are observed via refractive index changes, especially in particulate photocatalytic materials, another response between the trapping and recombination phases is often observed. This response has always provided the gradual increase of the refractive index changes in the nanosecond order, and we propose that the shallowly trapped charge carriers could still diffuse and be trapped to other states during this process. We examined various photocatalytic materials such as TiO2, SrTiO3, hematite, BiVO4, and methylammonium lead iodide for similar rising responses. Based on our assumption of surface trapping with diffusion, the responses were fit with the theoretical model with sufficient accuracy. We propose that these slow charge trapping processes must be included to fully understand the charge carrier dynamics of particulate photocatalytic materials.
Stretchable, Washable, and Rewritable Electrophoretic Displays with Tough Hydrogel–Elastomer Interface

Tremendous advances in stretchable and biocompatible electronics have led to broad requirements of wearable display devices. However, most devices suffer from insufficient reliability owing to structural mismatch and bubbles under repeated deformation. To address this issue, this article presents a stretchable electrophoretic display (SEPD) with reinforced adhesion by in situ adhesion decoration between the hydrogel electrode and the elastomer display layer. The SEPD with a maximum strain of over 80% can still operate properly. Moreover, the SEPD device is endowed with stretchable, washable, rewritable, and erasable properties owing to the inherent characteristics of the elastomer‐based materials used. Arbitrary texts and patterns can be drawn and maintained for over 43 days of bistability without a predetermined patterned electrode or a thin‐film transistor as the addressing switches. In addition, the casting and blade coatings used in this work are suitable for mass production. The proposed hybrid structure with tough adhesion provides a new paradigm for other wearable devices.
Molecular Recognition, Transient Chirality and Sulfur Hydrogen Bonding in the Benzyl Mercaptan Dimer

The homodimers of transiently chiral molecules offer physical insight into the process of molecular recognition, the preference for homo or heterochiral aggregation and the nature of the non-covalent interactions stabilizing the adducts. We report the observation of the benzyl mercaptan dimer in the isolation conditions of a supersonic jet expansion, using broadband (chirped-pulse) microwave spectroscopy. A single homochiral isomer was observed for the dimer, stabilized by a cooperative sequence of S-H···S and S-H···π hydrogen bonds. The structural data, stabilization energies and energy decomposition describe these non-covalent interactions as weak and dispersion-controlled. A comparison is also provided with the benzyl alcohol dimer.
A Non-Nutritive Feeding Intervention Alters the Expression of Efflux Transporters in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Intestinal interactions with nutrients, xenobiotics and endogenous hormones can influence the expression of clinically relevant membrane transporters. These changes in the gastrointestinal (GI) physiology can in turn affect the absorption of numerous drug substrates. Several studies have examined the effect of food on intestinal transporters in male and female humans and animal models. However, to our knowledge no studies have investigated the influence of a non-nutritive fibre meal on intestinal efflux transporters and key sex and GI hormones. Here, we show that a fibre meal increased the acute expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), and multidrug-resistance-associated protein-2 (MRP2) in small intestinal segments in both male and female Wistar rats. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used for the protein quantification of efflux transporters and hormonal plasma concentration. In male rats, the fibre meal caused the plasma concentration of the GI hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) to increase by 75% and the sex hormone testosterone to decrease by 50%, whereas, in contrast, the housing food meal caused a decrease in CCK by 32% and testosterone saw an increase of 31%. No significant changes in the hormonal concentrations, however, were seen in female rats. A deeper understanding of the modulation of efflux transporters by sex, food intake and time can improve our understanding of inter- and intra-variability in the pharmacokinetics of drug substrates.