Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Certification Challenges for Autonomous Flight Control Systems

Introduction As the Air Force works toward developing unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) to augment or replace manned systems, a need exists for levels of on-board intelligence and autonomy. This new functionality creates a daunting new concern, how can we trust the decisions these lethal weapon systems will make? At least part of the fallback safety mechanism has always relied on human intervention. Future Air Force systems are being planned to operate with minimal human oversight. In this case, new paradigms will be needed for airworthiness certification of these systems to provide the necessary assurance and confidence that all flight critical safety requirements have been met, while using a timely and affordable certification process. Computer systems have already replaced many of the menial human tasks, such as throttle control, automatic lights, and pinpoint targeting systems. Control systems to execute higher order and more complicated functions, such as autopilots and unstable flight modes, are considered mature technologies. However, future Air Force systems are being designed to include autonomous features, such as: automated mission planning, target selection and mission re-planning; multi-vehicle cooperative control; battle damage reconfigurable control; integrated active control with diagnostic and prognostic health systems; aerial refueling; and operation in and around airports. As the control system scope increases, the inherent difficulty in testing skyrockets.
Online Trajectory Estimation Based on a Network-Wide Cellular Fingerprint Map

Cellular signaling data is widely available in mobile communications and contains abundant movement sensing information of individual travelers. Using cellular signaling data to estimate the trajectories of mobile users can benefit many location-based applications, including infectious disease tracing and screening, network flow sensing, traffic scheduling, etc. However, conventional methods rely too much on heuristic hypotheses or hardware-dependent network fingerprinting approaches. To address the above issues, NF-Track (Network-wide Fingerprinting based Tracking) is proposed to realize accurate online map-matching of cellular location sequences. In particular, neither prior assumptions such as arterial preference and less-turn preference or extra hardware-relevant parameters such as RSS and SNR are required for the proposed framework. Therefore, it has a strong generalization ability to be flexibly deployed in the cloud computing environment of telecom operators. In this architecture, a novel segment-granularity fingerprint map is put forward to provide sufficient prior knowledge. Then, a real-time trajectory estimation process is developed for precise positioning and tracking. In our experiments implemented on the urban road network, NF-Track can achieve a recall rate of 91.68% and a precision rate of 90.35% in sophisticated traffic scenes, which are superior to the state-of-the-art model-based unsupervised learning approaches.
Effect of Nurses’ Grit on Nursing Job Performance and the Double Mediating Effect of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment

Nursing performance can be an evaluation indicator of hospitals. Therefore, improving it positively affects the development of nurses, patients, guardians, hospitals, and society. This descriptive correlational study was conducted to provide basic data necessary to improve nurses’ work performance by examining the effects of nurses’ grit on nursing job performance and mediating effects of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The study participants were 186 nurses working at a university hospital in G province, Korea, with working experience of more than six months. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Windows program version 21.0, descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple linear regression according to the purpose of the analysis in this study. In addition, PROCESS macro was used to test the mediating effect. We examined the mediating effect of job satisfaction and organizational commitment in the relationship between nurses’ grit and nursing job performance. We found that the indirect effect of job satisfaction was significant in that nurses’ grit influenced nursing job performance (B = 0.11, CI = 0.05–0.21). The indirect effect of organizational commitment was also significant in influencing nurses’ grit on nursing job performance (B = 0.12, CI = 0.04–0.22). These findings contribute to the improvement of nurses’ nursing performance. When grit improves, efforts are made to achieve job satisfaction and maintain organizational commitment through focusing on work with steady effort and interest in the goal. Based on this study, enhancing the grit that predicts individual nurses’ achievement can enhance nursing job performance. Nevertheless, interventions to improve job satisfaction and organizational commitment should be developed and implemented.
Exp-Ref: a simple, realistic and robust method to assess service life of reinforced concrete structures

The hereby proposed 'Exp-Ref' method of Service Life Assessment presents two characteristic features. First, it is 'Experimental', because the prediction is based on the 'in situ' ND determination of the cover depth d and of the coefficient of air-permeability kT. Second, the assessment is not based on a prediction starting from t=0 as most other methods, but from a 'Reference' condition corresponding to 50 years. This is the service life expected if the prescriptions of concrete quality (EN206-1 and EN 13670) and cover depth (Eurocode 2) are observed. By comparing the actual values of d and kT measured on site with those corresponding to the reference condition, it is possible to estimate the service life (SL) with a simple formula. The proposed method is simple and realistic (is based on real data obtained on the end-product, referred to values for 50 years of SL) and is robust (neither ambiguities nor subjectivity by selective choice of model parameters as for other methods). It provides also a probabilistic representation of SL as a single value is assigned to each measurement point. A couple of application cases are presented.
A Closed Composite Right-/Left-Handed Transmission Line Based on Substrate Integrated Waveguide Technology

The specialities of a composite right-/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL) are realised in a closed structure with the purpose to utilise its particular phase behaviour while it transports energy with low attenuation. The configuration is derived from the H10 rectangular hollow waveguide mode concluding in a reproducible and verifiable design, even of the so-called balanced state. Its origin implies inherent shielding and fundamental mode operation as crucial advantages in comparison to many other designs. The dispersion behaviour is validated on two ways and the Bloch impedance is computed and evaluated with respect to matching. The fabricated prototype is light-weight and compact. The simulation results demonstrate low attenuation and they are confirmed by measurements. Index Terms – Metamaterials, transmission lines, waveguides. This article is dedicated to Professor Volkert Hansen at his 65 birthday together with his retirement as a University Professor.
A CFD Model to Evaluate the Effect of Sluiceway Deflectors on the Hydrodynamics and TDG Field in the Tailrace of Hells Canyon Dam

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study was performed to evaluate the effect of installing spillway deflectors in the tailrace of Hells Canyon Dam (HCD). Free surface simulations were carried out to predict spillway jet regimes with and without deflectors. Model results were compared against deflector performance curves from a 1:48 scale model. Through a Lagrangian particle tracking technique, accelerations, strain rate and pressure change rate were calculated to estimate the possibility of fish injury due to the inclusion of the deflectors. According to the model results, changes on the flow field caused by deflectors do not pose a major threat to fish survival. A two-phase flow model for prediction of Total Dissolved Gas (TDG) was also validated to evaluate possible gas bubble disease in fish. The model takes into account the attenuation of the turbulence at the free-surface and the effect of the bubbles on the turbulence. Bubble diameter changes due to dissolution and pressure. Predicted TDG values matched field measurements with a deviation of +/- 3%. Future work will use the TDG model to analyze changes in TDG due to the inclusion of deflectors.
Milk Supplemented with Organic Iron Improves Performance, Blood Hematology, Iron Metabolism Parameters, Biochemical and Immunological Parameters in Suckling Dalagh Lambs

Simple Summary It is known that in early life, newborn lambs are prone to iron deficiency due to the type of placenta and low iron in milk. Hence, the influence of milk supplementation with iron in newborn lambs needs to be investigated. The objective of this study was to elucidate the effect of milk supplemented with organic iron on performance, blood hematology, iron metabolism parameters, together with biochemical and immunological parameters in suckling lambs. Our findings revealed that supplementation of milk with 25 mg/d organic iron could be used effectively as a feed supplement for improving weight gain, promoting health, as well as improving the oxidative status of suckling lambs retained at the plasma level. Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the effect of milk supplemented with organic iron on performance, blood hematology, iron metabolism parameters, biochemical and immunological parameters in suckling lambs. Thirty-six newborn Dalagh lambs were randomly divided into three groups with 12 replications. The control group was fed with milk without organic iron. The other two groups were fed milk supplemented with 25 and 50 mg/d organic iron, respectively. During the experiment, increased daily weight gain and total body weight were observed in the iron-supplemented groups. An increase in the levels of red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular concentration in iron supplemented groups was indicated. Consumption of organic iron caused a significant decrease in plasma copper concentration. Total antioxidant status level was lower, but levels of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were higher in iron supplemented groups. In organic iron supplemented groups, insulin and thyroid hormones levels were significantly increased, and glucose level was significantly decreased. In organic iron supplemented groups, alkaline phosphatase level significantly increased, and aminotransferase level significantly decreased. Overall, the use of organic iron in the milk improved the performance and health in suckling lambs, and since a lower level of supplementation is naturally preferable, supplementation of milk with 25 mg/d organic iron is recommended.
A Review of Parent-Implemented Early Start Denver Model for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of findings from selected research published between 2012 and 2022 in English-language peer-reviewed journals to evaluate the effectiveness of the parent-implemented Early Start Denver Model (P-ESDM). Thirteen studies used quantitative methods to examine the relationship between variables. We considered four categories of variables in the analysis: child characteristics, intervention intensity and duration, child outcome measures, and parent-related outcome measures and parental fidelity. The findings revealed positive child–parent-related outcomes. In addition, the quality of implementation, relating to parent fidelity, should be considered when evaluating the efficacy of the intervention. However, only half the studies revealed that the standard benchmark for acceptable fidelity was being achieved. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Generative-Adversarial-Network-Guided Well-Aware Placement for Analog Circuits

Generating wells for transistors is an essential challenge in analog circuit layout synthesis. While it is closely related to analog placement, very little research has explicitly considered well generation within the placement process. In this work, we propose a new analytical well-aware analog placer. It uses a generative adversarial network (GAN) for generating wells and guides the placement process. A global placement algorithm spreads the modules given the GAN guidance and optimizes for area and wirelength. Well-aware legalization techniques then legalize the global placement results and produce the final placement solutions. By allowing well sharing between transistors and explicitly considering wells in placement, the proposed framework achieves more than 74% improvement in the area and more than 26% reduction in half-perimeter wirelength over existing placement methodologies in experimental results.
Postoperative Delirium and Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with Elective Hip or Knee Arthroplasty: A Narrative Review of the Literature

Postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) are common complications following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA), affecting the length of hospital stay and increasing medical complications. Although many papers have been published on both conditions in this setting, no reviews have currently been written. Thus, the purpose of our study is to summarize the current literature and provide information about POD and POCD following elective THA or TKA. Our literature search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed and the Cochrane library. We found that POD is a common complication following elective THA or TKA, with a median incidence of 14.8%. Major risk factors include older age, cognitive impairment, dementia, preoperative (pre-op) comorbidities, substance abuse, and surgery for fracture. Diagnosis can be achieved using tools such as the confusion assessment method (CAM), which is sensitive, specific, reliable, and easy to use, for the identification of POD. Treatment consists of risk stratification and the implementation of a multiple component prevention protocol. POCD has a median incidence of 19.3% at 1 week, and 10% at 3 months. Risk factors include older age, high BMI, and cognitive impairment. Treatment consists of reversing risk factors and implementing protocols in order to preserve physiological stability. POD and POCD are common and preventable complications following TKA and THA. Risk stratification and specific interventions can lower the incidence of both syndromes. Every physician involved in the care of such patients should be informed on every aspect of these conditions in order to provide the best care for their patients.
Augmenting design learning through computer-aided exploration

Sriram, Anirudh R. MSME, Purdue University, December 2015. Augmenting Design Learning through Computer-Aided Exploration. Major Professor: Karthik Ramani, School of Mechanical Engineering. Much of engineering design courses are taught through the use of standard and simplified textbook problems that typically have a “correct” answer. In helping undergraduate students learn engineering design, it is very important that they explore scenarios that are realistic. A majority of the current educational methods and computer-based tools do not bridge the gap between the textbook problems and the real world and also lack affordances for design exploration. Although computational methods such as Finite Element Analysis (FEA) have this potential, they are hard to use and require the users to spend a significant effort in learning to use them. Also, several instructors have identified significant knowledge gaps between theory and practice in concepts related to structural design and strength of materials when the students reach their senior year. To this end, a problem-based, exploration-focused interface to allow for rapid design exploration within engineering design curricula using an easy-to-use, simplified and constrained version of finite elements for stress analysis and exploration has been developed. This interface makes it possible for users to rapidly explore various design options by incorporating a FEA back end for design exploration. The current approach uses constrained design problems for weight minimization that incorporates elements of structural topology optimization but does not automate it. In addition the tool constrains the solution generation process so that users do not get poor results. Instead, the user is provided with control on decision making for changing the shape through material removal while obtaining good solutions. Using this interface, the decision making and methodology of users in the course of the activities that provide a context of control, challenge and reflec-
Spectroscopic, Solvation Effects and MD Simulation of an Adamantane-Carbohydrazide Derivative, a Potential Antiviral Agent

Abstract The spectroscopic, solvent effects, reactivity and MD simulations of N'-[(1E)-(2,6-dichlorophenyl-methylidene]adamantane-1-carbohydrazide (DMC) are reported. Solvation free energies of DMC in chloroform, ethanol and acetonitrile are −21.96, −24.39 and −12.31 kcal/mol and ethanol may be better for the solubilization. Electron donating and electron accepting powers are somewhat lower in solution, revealing a certain increase in the tendency to receiving electrons and a decrease in donate electrons in solution, except in acetonitrile, in which showed slightly higher values then in vacuum. ALIE surface show that regions where low energy is required to remove electrons are on benzene ring, chlorine atoms and N5. DMC is forming good contacts with protein's binding site residues and is important in the complex's stability showing antiviral activity.
Plataplochilus eliasi (Cyprinodontiformes: Procatopodidae) a new species from the upper Noumbi River in the Republic of the Congo

ABSTRACT Forty years after the last Plataplochilus description was published, a new species, P. eliasi, is described from streams in the upper reaches of the Bondo River tributary (Noumbi Basin) in the Mayumbe Mountains of the Republic of the Congo. The new species is distinguished from all congeners by the males’ colouration pattern, which consists of a crescent-shaped dark blue band on the lower half of the body, and the larger body depth (38.4–42.4% of standard length – SL). All other described species of which the colour pattern in life specimens is known are lacking this band and have a silvery lower body with (depending on the species) a light blueish, greenish or brownish iridescence. In addition, Plataplochilus miltotaenia and P. pulcher have a narrow mid-longitudinal red line on the flanks that is absent in all other described species, including P. eliasi sp. nov. The body depth (presented as a percentage of SL) is also useful in distinguishing the new species (body depth 38.4–42.4% of SL) from its congeners: P. cabindae (25.3–27.8% of SL) P. chalcopyrus (23.3–27.0% of SL), P. micrurus (25.5% of SL in the single type), P. mimus (29.7–32.5% of SL), P. ngaensis (28.4–31.5% of SL), P. pulcher (27.4–33.5% of SL), P. terveri (28.7–30.9% of SL) and P. loemensis (30.7–33% of SL). The taxonomic status of the genus is discussed, and for the first time osteology of the genus is examined, revealing the following likely diagnostic characters shared by all examined species: anterior portion of alveolar arm of premaxilla developed in a squared process, rectangular and anteroposteriorly elongated lachrymal, dorsoposterior process of autopalatine directed upwards, elliptical supracleithrum, and dorsoposterior border of cleithrum broad and posteriorly elongated. Detailed habitat, ecological and distribution data for this new species are also provided. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4EA2F636-0B53-4B59-9EEE-6C90AF9E0B47
CoenzymeQ10 and Ischemic Preconditioning Potentially Prevent Tourniquet-Induced Ischemia/Reperfusion in Knee Arthroplasty, but Combined Pretreatment Possibly Neutralizes Their Beneficial Effects

Tourniquet (TQ) use during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) induces ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction. This study aims to determine the effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and ischemic preconditioning (IPC), either alone or in combination, on I/R-induced mitochondrial respiration alteration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and pain following TKA. Forty-four patients were allocated into four groups: control, CoQ10, IPC, and CoQ10 + IPC. CoQ10 dose was 300 mg/day for 28 days. IPC protocol was three cycles of 5/5-min I/R time. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) of PBMCs were measured seven times, at baseline and during ischemic/reperfusion phases, with XFe 96 extracellular flux analyzer. Postoperative pain was assessed for 48 h. CoQ10 improved baseline mitochondrial uncoupling state; however, changes in OCRs during the early phase of I/R were not significantly different from the placebo. Compared to ischemic data, IPC transiently increased basal OCR and ATP production at 2 h after reperfusion. Clinically, CoQ10 significantly decreased pain scores and morphine requirements at 24 h. CoQ10 + IPC abolished analgesic effect of CoQ10 and mitochondrial protection of IPC. In TKA with TQ, IPC enhanced mitochondrial function by a transient increase in basal and ATP-linked respiration, and CoQ10 provides postoperative analgesic effect. Surprisingly, CoQ10 + IPC interferes with beneficial effects of each intervention.
Response of Tomato-Pseudomonas Pathosystem to Mild Heat Stress

Higher plants suffer from mild heat stress when temperatures increase by 5 °C above optimum growth temperatures. This produces changes at the cellular and metabolic levels, allowing plants to adapt to heat conditions. This study investigated an increase of 5 °C above the optimum growth temperature (26 °C) of tomato plants in the tomato–Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato pathosystem. A temperature increase above 26 °C affects plant development, the defensive pathways activated against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 (PstDC3000), and the bacterial growth and virulence machinery. The results demonstrated that tomato plants were able to acclimate to mild heat stress, showing no symptoms of damage. Moreover, plants subjected to a 5 °C increase (T31 °C plants) showed higher basal levels of metabolites such as proline and putrescine, which probably act as compatible osmolytes. This demonstrates their importance as key components of thermotolerance. When grown under mild heat stress, plants were less susceptible to PstDC3000 and showed increased accumulation of abscisic acid, jasmonic acid-isoleucine, and spermine. In addition, the temperature increase negatively affected the infectivity of PstDC3000. Inhibition of the genes responsible for quorum sensing establishment and synthesis of flagellin and coronatine was observed in bacteria extracted from T31 °C plants. Analysis of the genes involved in the synthesis of the type III secretion system indicates the important role of this system in bacterial growth under these conditions. As the known resistance mechanisms involved in the defense against PstDC3000 were not activated, the changes in its virulence mechanisms under high temperatures may explain the lower infection observed in the T31 °C plants.