Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implementation of PRML in a rigid disk drive

Describes the channel architecture, IC technology, and integration solutions used in implementing the IBM 0681 disk drive data channel. A brief description of the 0681 disk drive is given along with a block representation of the data channel. Particular focus is placed on the major channel functions: equalization, data coding and detection, gain and timing recovery, and write circuitry. Both the analog and adaptive digital equalizer sections used in the channel are described. The 0681 channel uses an IBM mixed-mode IC technology to implement all channel functions. This IC process is illustrated, along with the partial-response maximum-likelihood (PRML) chip layout. Attention is also given to the hybrid nature of the PRML channel; many channel functions are implemented using a combination of both analog and digital circuits. >
Comparison of central systolic pressure estimates obtained from ultrasound images and applanation tonometry

Current non invasive assessment methods to estimate central pressure are based on the use of arterial tonometry: directly on the carotid artery or using a mathematical transfer function applied to the radial artery waveform. The first one is not recommended in obese patients or in the presence of carotid plaques, whereas the use of a unique transfer function to different population has been questioned. In this work we evaluated two alternative methods to assess systolic local arterial blood pressure: 1) from the analysis of B-mode carotid diameter waveforms (SBP_Dia) and 2) from the radial artery pressure waveform using an n-point moving average filter (SBP_Rad), and we estimated the accuracy of both when compared to direct carotid tonometry (SBP_Ton). In 20 asymptomatic subjects (49±11 years, range: 38-73; pulse pressure: 53±9 mmHg, range: 36-70), SBP_Ton was 132±13 mmHg (range 115-154) and correlated significantly with SBP_Dia (R=0.96, p<0.05) and with SBP_Rad (R=0.93, p<0.05). Mean difference between SBP_Dia and SBP_Ton was 0.85±4.0 mmHg, and 0.18±5.0 mmHg between SBP_Rad and SBP_Ton, independent of pressure levels. In conclusion, both alternative methods were found to allow an accurate and precise estimation of systolic local arterial pressure, when compared to direct carotid tonometry.
Reassessment of Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Soybean Biodiesel

This study updates the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for soybean biodiesel with revised system boundaries and the inclusion of indirect land use change using the most current set of agricultural data. The updated results showed that life cycle GHG emission from biodiesel use was reduced by 81.2% compared to 2005 baseline diesel. When the impacts of lime application and soil N2O emissions were excluded for more direct comparison with prior results published by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), the reduction was 85.4%. This is a significant improvement over the 78.5% GHG reduction reported in the NREL study. Agricultural lime accounted for 50.6% of GHG from all agricultural inputs. Soil N2O accounted for 18.0% of total agricultural emissions. The improvement in overall GHG reduction was primarily due to lower agricultural energy usage and improved soybean crushing facilities. This study found that soybean meal and oil price data from the past ten years had a significant positive correlation (R2 = 0.73); hence, it is argued that soybean meal and oil are both responsible for indirect land use change from increased soybean demand. It is concluded that when there is a strong price correlation among co-products, system boundary expansion without a proper co-product allocation for indirect land use change produces erroneous results. When the emissions associated with predicted indirect land use change were allocated and incorporated using U.S. EPA model data, the GHG reduction for biodiesel was 76.4% lower than 2005 baseline diesel.
Mobile Application Design to Control Human Resources Performance in a Technology Organization

At almost the majority of companies in Lima, employees record their arrival and departure times by e-mail, facing this, and to optimize that time, a user-friendly and secure mobile application has been created. The methodology used was Balsamiq, by means of which the Android system was developed, whose main function is to give employees a mobile application where they can register activities, projects in courses and record their working hours. The mobile application will serve as a solution, since it is user-friendly and can be used by several employees at the same time. In this way, what is sought is to have an application that allows any company (without distinction of the magnitude that this may have), to possess a system to monitor the hours and activities of its employees, without the need to invest an initial fee to have a similar implementation.
HINTS ABOUT SITE AMPLIFICATION EFFECTS COMPARING MACROSEISMIC HAZARD ESTIMATE WITH MICROTREMOR MEASUREMENTS: THE AGRI VALLEY (ITALY) EXAMPLE

We approach from a new standpoint the problem of estimating seismic hazard for some towns and villages located in Val d'Agri area (Southern Italy) that in the past have been affected by several seismic events. The estimates are carried out using a method that is based on the analysis of site seismic history extracted from macroseismic catalogues. To study the influence of site effects two different procedures have been performed: in the first, seismic hazard estimates have been deduced from epicentral data only, in the second, intensity data actually observed at the site are also considered. The difference between the two estimates can be correlated with local variations of seismic response due to local geological features which are responsible for possible cases of amplification. In order to validate the presence of such correlation, seismic hazard estimates have been compared to site amplification measurements obtained by using the HVSR (Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio) technique. Our findings reveal a good correlation between seismic hazard enhancements and the presence of site amplification effects. The application of this kind of analysis to the Val d'Agri area has pointed out that the joint estimates of site seismic hazard enhancement and HVSR measurements could be a helpful tool to identify problems related to seismic microzonation.
7.3.2 Enhanced Interoperability for Systems Engineering Data by a Transformation Report

In industry, product data exchange via STEP ISO 10303, is an established method. In case of heterogeneous CASE Tools, e.g. in Systems Engineering applications, it is very often difficult to guarantee a defined level of data quality. This paper analyses the state of data transformation and exchange as well as offering a solution for schema mapping and integration by means of a transformation report which can be used in systems engineering. The report records individual transformation steps, during the exchange, between two different tools. It supports the understanding of the data exchange process and helps to rectify incomplete or incorrect transformed data. The proposed framework was validated using gateways between the Statemate and Teamwork CASE tools.
STUDY PROTOCOL The prevalence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among adults in Ethiopia: a study protocol for extending a systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders impose a significant and most often underappreciated burden to the individual, nation, healthcare system, and society as a whole. To the best of our knowledge, there is a lack of reliable estimates on the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Ethiopia. The objective of this study will be to assess the existing literature on the prevalence rates and determinant factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Ethiopia.Method: We will search PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, PEDro and Ebsco (from January 2000 onwards). Grey literature will be identified through searching Google Scholar and dissertation databases. Observational studies reporting on the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among adult Ethiopians will be included. The primary outcome will be the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Secondary outcomes will be the prevalence of any risk factors in association with work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. The study methodological quality (or bias) will be appraised using an appropriate tool. If feasible, we will conduct random effects meta-analysis of observational data. Subgroup analyses will be conducted to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity (e.g. gender, sample size, type of occupation). Publication bias and heterogeneity between the included studies will also be assessed and reported.Discussion: This systematic review will provide a synthesis of the literature on the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and their risk factors in Ethiopia. The results of this review could help the policymakers in occupational health and health care sectors in identifying priority areas for interventions in work-related musculoskeletal disorders and will also serve as a baseline for the decision-making processes of musculoskeletal health promotion, work exposure implementations, and prevention programs in workplaces. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020164240
Environmental performance evaluation under a green supply chain approach

Among the environmental management approaches, the concept of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) has become one of the most important in recent years. The GSCM approach addresses all processes and activities that make up the supply chain echelons (procurement, manufacturing and delivery), also including design, purchasing, marketing and reverse logistics. Although the literature review identified the existence of a variety of environmental performance indicators framed the Pressure-State-Response approach, indicators applied under the GSCM approach were not found. Therefore, this paper presents a methodology for the construction of a multicriteria indicator to measure the environmental performance under the GSCM approach, based on 8 processes and 32 activities identified from the literature review. The indicator was applied in a group of 14 companies in the coffee region of Colombia. The results indicate a heterogeneous performance among the companies and a significant lag in some of the analyzed processes.
Classifications and comparisons of service architectural styles

Service systems are essential to the execution of business services. When designing a service system, it is important to consider its global architecture to enable optimisation of high-level decision-making. In this paper, based on the analysis of the similarities between software and service systems, a new concept, service architecture, is presented. Service architecture (SA) defines the high-level structure of a service system, including service elements and their co-production relationships. The design quality of SA has a strong effect on the quality of service. Based on the summarisation of various service systems, we present several typical service architectural styles that can be directly reused to facilitate the development of high quality and efficient service systems. These styles are classified into three types, creational, structural and behavioural, based on a set of distinct dimensions. Features, application scenarios, graphical topology and typical cases for each style are then briefly discussed. In addition, comparisons between these styles, especially regarding their non-functional features, are shown. The results of this paper will aid in the study of methodologies for service system development.
Effect of litter and dietary amendments on ammonia concentration, broiler performance and litter quality in winter

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of sodium bisulphate in litter and low protein diet with protease on ammonia concentration, broiler performance and litter quality in winter season (December-January). Two hundred and forty day old broiler chicks were randomly divided into four groups. Control group (Tc) had no dietary and litter amendments and other three included, litter amendment with sodium bisulphate (Ts), dietary amendment with low protein supplemented with protease enzyme (Tp) and both dietary and litter amendment (Tsp). The findings of the study revealed a significant (p £ 0.05) higher ammonia concentration in control group as compared to treatment groups. The average body weight was significantly higher in Ts group followed by Tsp group, Tp and control (Tc) group at 42 days of age. Best FCR was observed in litter amended (Ts) group. Sodium bisulphate decreased the pH and moisture content of the litter in both the treatments where it was used which seems to be the reason for low ammonia concentration, and improved gain in weight, FCR and low mortality. It can be concluded that the addition of sodium bisulphate in litter can significantly reduce the ammonia concentration, and improve growth rate and litter quality in broilers.
Opioid misuse initiation: Implications for intervention

Abstract The nonmedical use of opioids (e.g., prescription painkillers and heroin) has drastically increased over the past two decades. Despite the popular media narrative suggesting initiation often begins with misused personal prescriptions, there has been surprisingly little investigation into how persons initiate their misuse of opioids. Inattention to initiation patterns is an important limitation because understandings of onset directly inform prevention and treatment interventions. The primary goals of this study, therefore, were to: (1) describe the age patterns of opioid misuse initiation, (2) identify the opioid most commonly used at initiation and the source of the initial opioids, and (3) explore the narrative accounts of the circumstances surrounding opioid misuse onset. Surveys (n = 125) and in-depth interviews (n = 30) were conducted with nonmedical opioid users currently residing in southwest Pennsylvania between July 2017 and July 2018. Survey results show that initiation of opioid misuse (both heroin and prescription opioids) tends to occur prior to age 25, peaking between the ages of 18–25, with most (81%) initiating with prescription opioids. Qualitative findings provided additional context regarding the timing of initiation, acquiring opioids at initiation, and motivations for initiating. This study adds to the limited research on opioid misuse initiation and provides insights to drug treatment providers, prescribers, and public health professionals in identifying who is at risk for opioid misuse initiation, and more importantly, when and how to intervene most effectively.
Study on the characteristics of horseshoe vortex system upstream of an upright square cylinder subjected to a dam-break flow

The velocity-field characteristics of time-dependent horseshoe vortex flow at the juncture of an upright square cylinder and a base plate, which is subjected to an unsteady dam-break flow, were investigated experimentally. Flow visualization techniques and high-speed particle image velocimetry (HSPIV) were used to explore both qualitatively and quantitatively the unsteady feature of the flow field of horseshoe vortex structure at the juncture of square cylinder and base plate, respectively. The characteristics of the evolutionary horseshoe vortex system were analyzed, including the position of primary vortex core, down-flow velocity profile and the circulation of primary horseshoe vortex. The results show that air bubble entrains into the vortex centre in front of the model only in the cases with model-width varying from 3.0 cm to 5.0 cm. When the model width increases, the bubble entraining to the vortex centre occurs earlier. The results also show that the down-flow velocity profiles are highly affected by the vortex structures. The relationship between flow characteristics and the time duration after the gate is open is obtained by using regression analysis. The similarity of the position of the down-flow is presented with dimensionless length and dimensionless velocity as length and velocity scales, respectively.
Heart Rate as an Index of Thermal Stress

Heat stress is difficult to quantify in actual work situations. The purpose of this study is to show that Cardiac Thermal Extra Pulse (CTEP) which is the mean heart rate (HR) of the 3rd, 4th and 5th minute of recovery minus rest HR before the exposure is a simple index of thermal strain. CTEP were recorded on 98 workers during 132 actual work periods. The relationship between the oral temperature increase from the beginning to the end of the heat exposure (dtor) and the corresponding CTEP is dtor = 0.05 + 0.29 CTEP (p<0.001; see = 0.18 °C). From these results, it can be concluded that as long as the CTEP remains below 20 beats per minute the increase of oral temperature is lower than 1 °C and thus the thermal strain is physiologically acceptable if the exposure time is less than one hour. The easy use of new HR recorders could make CTEP a reference parameter for simple thermal strain quantification.
HIGH RESOLUTION DC MCG MEASUREMENTS OF U WAVE ACTIVITY IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS

The circulation is driven by the rhythmical heart beating. The mechanic heart cycle is clearly divided into contraction and relaxation. More difficult is the division of the heart cycle into electric activity and the absence of electric activity. In electrocardiograms the duration of the electric heart cycle can be assessed manually or with the help of dedicated computer algorithms. However, sufficiently exact measures are impaired by a number of problems, particularly with regard to the U waves and slight baseline fluctuations shortly after the T wave. Comprehensive studies have demonstrated a considerable inter-observer and intraobscrver variability for expert cardiologists and discordant results of computer algorithms, too (see e.g. [1]). Essential reasons for these discrepancies were the different assignments of morphological T wave categories as well as different criteria for separating the T and U waves. The distinction between the U wave and the T wave will become particularly difficult, if the T wave is notched or prolonged. Two approaches may help to solve these problems. First, electrophysiological processes of different quality generate different spatial signal patterns on the body surface. Therefore, the separation of the T wave from the U wave will be improved by comparing spatial patterns of heart signals. Second, the assessment of heart activity means measuring an activity above a certain noise level caused by the measurement device. Supposing that the noise level of the device is very low and exactly known, the signal can be traced to the very end until it is below this noise level. It is the purpose of this study to apply the signal averaged DC magnetocardiography (DC MCG) to a representative number of volunteers and to measure the duration of the electric heart cycle.
Fluid-Structure Coupling for Aerodynamic Analysis and Design - A DLR Perspective

Accurate prediction of the aerodynamic performance of an aircraft requires coupled fluid/structure simulations. The aerodynamic loads acting on the aircraft result in deformations of its flexible structure, which in turn causes changes in the fluid flow and thus the loads. Static aeroelastic effects are also present in high Reynolds number wind-tunnel testing. For proper comparison of numerical and experimental data the aeroelastic deformations of the wind tunnel model have to be taken into account or modeled within a CFD simulation. At DLR a fully automatic process chain for both steady and unsteady aeroelastic applications has recently been developed, allowing the coupling between the inhouse CFD codes TAU and FLOWer and the commercial FEM codes ANSYS and NASTARAN. The CFD codes have been extended to include functions for aeroelastic simulations, including an interpolation module for the transfer of the aerodynamic loads into structural nodes between the CFD and CSM meshes. Emphasis is put on robust volume mesh deformation translating the structural displacement into the CFD mesh since this is a critical issue in the overall process Steady and unsteady applications are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach for industrial applications, including complex high-lift configurations, a rocket nozzle and maneuvering aircraft. First results for design and optimization based on coupled fluid/structure simulations are also presented. Finally, the paper discusses future developments necessary to further enhance the simulation capabilities for multidisciplinary simulation and optimization.
Pneumatic RF MEMS switch using a liquid metal droplet

We introduce a new design for radio frequency (RF) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switch that uses a liquid metal (LM) droplet as a switching component. The switch uses a polymer membrane atop the droplet as a pressure transducer. Initially, a signal passes through a coplanar waveguide (CPW) line (i.e. the switch is on). Pneumatic pressure on the membrane pushes the droplet, thus reducing the gap between the bottom surface of the LM droplet and CPW line; when the gap becomes less than a critical distance, the signal is blocked (i.e. the switch is off). This switch is more stable and has better isolation than do existing RF MEMS switches that use LM droplets. We used a commercial simulation tool (CST Microwave Studio®) to confirm the feasibility of the concept, then fabricated a prototype device that has the same insertion loss as the reference configuration (i.e. a CPW line only). Applying ∼35 kPa pressure to the flexible membrane resulted in switching performances with ∼50 dB isolation at 3 GHz and when the pressure is removed, the switch insertion loss was measured ∼1.5 dB.
Jeans Instability, Jeans Entropy and the Entropy Origin of Gravity

An entropic origin of gravity is re-visited. Isothermal self-gravitating cloud seen as an ideal gas is analyzed. Gravitational attraction within the isothermal cloud in equilibrium is balanced by the pressure, which is of a pure entropic nature. The notion of the Jeans entropy of the cloud corresponding to the entropy of the self-gravitating cloud in mechanical and thermal equilibrium is introduced. Balance of the gravitational compression and the entropic repulsion yields the scaling relation hinting to the entropic origin of the gravitational force. The analysis of the Jeans instability enables elimination of the “holographic screen” or “holographic principle” necessary for grounding of the entropic origin of gravity.
Generation of initial stepping pattern of a biped robot with modular dynamic encoding algorithm for searches

In this paper, a modified version of dynamic encoding algorithm for searches (DEAS) is proposed and applied to generate walking patterns of a biped humanoid robot. For the controller of each joint motor to generate optimal trajectories, mDEAS is developed from the previous versions of exhaustive DEAS (eDEAS) and univariate DEAS (uDEAS). Modular DEAS (mDEAS) searches optimal coefficients of polynomials whose trajectories are assigned to joint motors. Since the number of the coefficients amounts up to 16, sharing search space and optimizing independently is expected to search efficiently. For validation of mDEAS, a simulation result about initial stepping is provided.