Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinics in diagnostic imaging (134)

A 55-year-old man presented with a painless right scrotal mass for the past three months. Scrotal ultrasonography showed a large circumscribed hypoechoic mass with marked hypervascularity occupying almost the entire right testis. The epididymis and scrotal skin were normal. Right radical orchiectomy was performed. Histopathology revealed lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell type confined within the tunica albuginea. The patient made a good postoperative recovery. No evidence of lymphoma in other organs was demonstrated. We discuss the differential diagnosis of ultrasonographic intratesticular masses and highlight various cases of intratesticular lesions in this article.
Weak Kinetic Alfvén Waves Turbulence during the November 14 th 2012 geomagnetic storm : Van Allen Probes observations

In the dawn sector, L∼ 5.5 and MLT∼4-7, from 01:30 to 06:00 UT during the November 14 2012 geomagnetic storm, both Van Allen Probes observed an alternating sequence of locally quiet and disturbed intervals with two strikingly different power fluctuation levels and magnetic field orientations: either small (∼10−2 nT) total power with strong GSM Bx and weak By, or large (∼10 nT) total power with weak Bx, and strong By and Bz components. During both kinds of intervals the fluctuations occur in the vicinity of the local ion gyro-frequencies (0.01–10 Hz) in the spacecraft frame, propagate oblique to the magnetic field, (θ ∼ 60◦) and have magnetic compressibility C = |δB‖|/|δB⊥| ∼ 1, where δB‖ (δB⊥) are the average ampliDepartment of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Space Weather Laboratory, Code 674, Greenbelt, MD, USA. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. c ©2015 American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. tudes of the fluctuations parallel (perpendicular) to the mean field. Electric field fluctuations are present whenever the magnetic field is disturbed, and large electric field fluctuations follow the same pattern for quiet and disturbed intervals. Magnetic frequency power spectra at both spacecraft correspond to steep power-laws ∼ f−α with 4 < α < 5 for f . 2 Hz, and 1.1 < α < 1.7 for f & 2 Hz, spectral profiles that are consistent with weak Kinetic Alfvén Waves (KAW) turbulence. Electric power is larger than magnetic power for all frequencies above 0.1 Hz, and the ratio increases with increasing frequency. Vlasov linear analysis is consistent with the presence of compressive KAW with k⊥ρi . 1, right-handed polarization and positive magnetic helicity, in the plasma frame, considering a multi-ion plasma. All these results suggest the presence of weak KAW turbulence which dissipates the energy associated with the intermittent sudden changes in the magnetic field during the main phase of the storm. c ©2015 American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
Beach sand and the potential for infectious disease transmission: observations and recommendations

Recent studies suggest that sand can serve as a vehicle for exposure of humans to pathogens at beach sites, resulting in increased health risks. Sampling for microorganisms in sand should therefore be considered for inclusion in regulatory programmes aimed at protecting recreational beach users from infectious disease. Here, we review the literature on pathogen levels in beach sand, and their potential for affecting human health. In an effort to provide specific recommendations for sand sampling programmes, we outline published guidelines for beach monitoring programmes, which are currently focused exclusively on measuring microbial levels in water. We also provide background on spatial distribution and temporal characteristics of microbes in sand, as these factors influence sampling programmes. First steps toward establishing a sand sampling programme include identifying appropriate beach sites and use of initial sanitary assessments to refine site selection. A tiered approach is recommended for monitoring. This approach would include the analysis of samples from many sites for faecal indicator organisms and other conventional analytes, while testing for specific pathogens and unconventional indicators is reserved for high-risk sites. Given the diversity of microbes found in sand, studies are urgently needed to identify the most significant aetiological agent of disease and to relate microbial measurements in sand to human health risk.
Which effective viscosity?

Abstract Magmas undergoing shear are prime examples of flows that involve the transport of solids and gases by a separate (silicate melt) carrier phase. Such flows are called multiphase, and have attracted much attention due to their important range of engineering applications. Where the volume fraction of the dispersed phase (crystals) is large, the influence of particles on the fluid motion becomes significant and must be taken into account in any explanation of the bulk behaviour of the mixture. For congested magma deforming well in excess of the dilute limit (particle concentrations >40% by volume), sudden changes in the effective or relative viscosity can be expected. The picture is complicated further by the fact that the melt phase is temperature- and shear-rate-dependent. In the absence of a constitutive law for the flow of congested magma under an applied force, it is far from clear which of the many hundreds of empirical formulae devised to predict the rheology of suspensions as the particle fraction increases with time are best suited. Some of the more commonly used expressions in geology and engineering are reviewed with an aim to home in on those variables key to an improved understanding of magma rheology. These include a temperature, compositional and shear-rate dependency of viscosity of the melt phase with the shear-rate dependency of the crystal (particle) packing arrangement. Building on previous formulations, a new expression for the effective (relative) viscosity of magma is proposed that gives users the option to define a packing fraction range as a function of shear stress. Comparison is drawn between processes (segregation, clustering, jamming), common in industrial slurries, and structures seen preserved in igneous rocks. An equivalence is made such that congested magma, viewed in purely mechanical terms as a high-temperature slurry, is an inherently non-equilibrium material where flow at large Péclet numbers may result in shear thinning and spontaneous development of layering.
B field in OB stars (BOB): The outstandingly strong magnetic field in the evolved He-strong star CPD -62° 2124

The origin and evolution of magnetism in OB stars is far from being well understood. With approximately 70 magnetic OB stars known, any new object with unusual characteristics may turn out to be a key piece of the puzzle. We report the detection of an exceptionally strong magnetic field in the He-strong B2IV star CPD-62 degrees 2124. Spectropolarimetric FORS2 and HARPSpol observations were analysed by two independent teams and procedures, concluding on a strong longitudinal magnetic field of approximately 5.2 kG. The quantitative characterisation of the stellar atmosphere yields an effective temperature of 23 650 +/- 250 K, a surface gravity of 3.95 +/- 0.10 dex and a surface helium fraction of 0.35 +/- 0.02 by number. The metal composition is in agreement with the cosmic abundance standard, except for Mg, Si and S, which are slightly non-solar. The strong and broad (similar to 300 km s(-1)) disc-like emission displayed by the H alpha line suggests a centrifugal magnetosphere supported by the strong magnetic field. Our results imply that CPD-62 degrees 2124 is an early B-type star hosting one of the strongest magnetic fields discovered to date, and one of the most evolved He-strong stars known, with a fractional main-sequence lifetime of approximately 0.6.
Simultaneous effect of nitrate (NO3-) concentration, carbon dioxide (CO2) supply and nitrogen limitation on biomass, lipids, carbohydrates and proteins accumulation in Nannochloropsis oculata

Biodiesel from microalgae is a promising technology. Nutrient limitation and the addition of CO2 are two strategies to increase lipid content in microalgae. There are two different types of nitrogen limitation, progressive and abrupt limitation. In this work, the simultaneous effect of initial nitrate concentration, addition of CO2, and nitrogen limitation on biomass, lipid, protein and carbohydrates accumulation were analyzed. An experimental design was established in which initial nitrogen concentration, culture time and CO2 aeration as independent numerical variables with three levels were considered. Nitrogen limitation was taken into account as a categorical independent variable. For the experimental design, all the experiments were performed with progressive nitrogen limitation. The dependent response variables were biomass, lipid production, carbohydrates and proteins. Subsequently, comparison of both types of limitation i.e. progressive and abrupt limitation, was performed. Nitrogen limitation in a progressive mode exerted a greater effect on lipid accumulation. Culture time, nitrogen limitation and the interaction of initial nitrate concentration with nitrogen limitation had higher influences on lipids and biomass production. The highest lipid production and productivity were at 582 mgL-1 (49.7 % lipid, dry weight basis) and 41.5 mgL-1d-1, respectively; under the following conditions: 250 mgL-1 of initial nitrate concentration, CO2 supply of 4% (v/v), 12 d of culturing and 2 d in state of nitrogen starvation induced by progressive limitation. This work presents a novel way to perform simultaneous analysis of the effect of the initial concentration of nitrate, nitrogen limitation, and CO2 supply on growth and lipid production of Nannochloropsis oculata, with the aim to produce potential biofuels feedstock.
HOW IMPORTANT IS INNOVATION? A BAYESIAN FACTOR-AUGMENTED PRODUCTIVITY MODEL BASED ON PANEL DATA

This paper proposes a Bayesian approach to estimating a factor-augmented GDP per capita equation. We exploit the panel dimension of our data and distinguish between individual-specific and time-specific factors. On the basis of 21 technology, infrastructure, and institutional indicators from 82 countries over a 19-year period (1990 to 2008), we construct summary indicators of each of these three components in the cross-sectional dimension and an overall indicator of all 21 indicators in the time-series dimension and estimate their effects on growth and international differences in GDP per capita. For most countries, more than 50% of GDP per capita is explained by the four common factors we have introduced. Infrastructure is the greatest contributor to total factor productivity, followed by technology and institutions.
Half Mode Substrate Integrated Folded Waveguide (Hmsifw) and Partial h-Plane Bandpass Filter

In this paper, a half mode substrate integrated with folded waveguide (HMSIFW) and a HMSIFW partial H-plane bandpass fllter are proposed. The proposed fllter employs H-plane slot of open-ended evanescent waveguide and H-plane septa of short-ended evanescent waveguide as admittance inverter and impedance inverter, respectively. The fllter has advantages of convenient integration, compact size, low cost, mass-producibility and ease in fabrication. In order to validate the new proposed topology, a four-pole ultra-narrowband bandpass fllter, with quarter wavelength resonators, is designed and fabricated using standard printed circuit board process. The tapered line is used as transition between HMSIFW and microstrip-line for easy integration and measurement. The measured results are in good agreement with simulated ones, and good selectivity is achieved.
The low-extinction afterglow in the solar-metallicity host galaxy of γ-ray burst 110918A

Galaxies selected through long γ-ray bursts (GRBs) could be of fundamental importance when mapping the star formation history out to the highest redshifts. Before using them as efficient tools in the early Universe, however, the environmental factors that govern the formation of GRBs need to be understood. Metallicity is theoretically thought to be a fundamental driver in GRB explosions and energetics, but it is still, even after more than a decade of extensive studies, not fully understood. This is largely related to two phenomena: a dust-extinction bias, which prevented high-mass and thus likely high-metallicity GRB hosts from being detected in the first place, and a lack of efficient instrumentation, which limited spectroscopic studies, including metallicity measurements, to the low-redshift end of the GRB host population. The subject of this work is the very energetic GRB 110918A (E γ,iso = 1.9 × 1054 erg), for which we measure a redshift of z = 0.984. GRB 110918A gave rise to a luminous afterglow with an intrinsic spectral slope of β = 0.70, which probed a sight-line with little extinction (AGRB V = 0.16 magAVGRB=0.16 mag) and soft X-ray absorption (NH,X = (1.6 ± 0.5) × 1021 cm-2) typical of the established distributions of afterglow properties. However, photometric and spectroscopic follow-up observations of the galaxy hosting GRB 110918A, including optical/near-infrared photometry with the Gamma-Ray burst Optical Near-infrared Detector and spectroscopy with the Very Large Telescope/X-shooter, reveal an all but average GRB host in comparison to the z ∼1 galaxies selected through similar afterglows to date. It has a large spatial extent with a half-light radius of R 1/2 ∼10R1210 kpc, the highest stellar mass for z < 1.9 (log (M -/MâS™) = 10.68 ± 0.16), and an Hα-based star formation rate of SFRHα = 41 +28 -16SFRHα=41-16+28 M âS™ yr-1. We measure a gas-phase extinction of Agas V ∼1.8 magAVgas1.8 mag through the Balmer decrement and one of the largest host-integrated metallicities ever of around solar using the well-constrained ratios of [N ii]/Hα and [N ii]/[O ii] (12 + log (O/H) = 8.93 ± 0.13 and 8.85+0.14 -0.188.85-0.18+0.14, respectively). This presents one of the very few robust metallicity measurements of GRB hosts at z ∼1, and establishes thatGRB hosts at z ∼1 can also be very metal rich. It conclusively rules out a metallicity cut-off in GRB host galaxies and argues against an anti-correlation between metallicity and energy release in GRBs.
Endpoint results for spherical multipliers on noncompact symmetric spaces

In this paper we prove boundedness results on atomic Hardy type spaces for multipliers of the spherical transform on noncompact symmetric spaces of arbitrary rank. The multipliers we consider satisfy either inhomogeneous or homogeneous Mihlin-Hormander type condi- tions. In particular, we are able to treat the case of strongly singular multipliers whose convolution kernels are not integrable at infinity. Thus our results apply also to negative and imaginary powers of the Laplacian.
Imaging Surface Recombination Velocities of Grain Boundaries in Multicrystalline Silicon Wafers via Photoluminescence

www.solar-rrl.com R A P ID R E S Imaging Surface Recombination Velocities of Grain Boundaries in Multicrystalline Silicon Wafers via Photoluminescence E A R C Hang Cheong Sio,* Sieu Pheng Phang, and Daniel Macdonald H L E T T E R We present a method for determining the effective surface recombination velocity (SGB) of grain boundaries in silicon wafers, based on the photoluminescence contrast of the grain boundary and numerical modeling of the luminescence signal. It is found that in single-side passivated wafers, the luminescence contrast of a grain boundary is insensitive to lifetime variations in the neighboring grains, and hence can be directly correlated to SGB. In combination with pattern recognition methods to locate the grain boundaries, this allows the SGB of every grain boundary within a photoluminescence image to be explicitly determined and imaged.
The Mars Analysis Correction Data Assimilation ( MACDA ) dataset V 1 . 0 Journal Item

Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online's data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. The Mars Analysis Correction Data Assimilation (MACDA) dataset version 1.0 contains the reanalysis of fundamental atmospheric and surface variables for the planet Mars covering a period of about three Martian years (a Martian year is about 1.88 terrestrial years). This has been produced by data assimilation of observations from NASA's Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft during its science mapping phase (February 1999–August 2004). In particular, we have used retrieved thermal profiles and total dust optical depths from the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) on board MGS. Data have been assimilated into a Mars global climate model (MGCM) using the Analysis Correction scheme developed at the UK Meteorological Office. The MGCM used is the UK spectral version of the Laboratoire de M et eorologie Dynamique (LMD, Paris, France) MGCM. MACDA is a joint project of the University of Oxford and The Open University in the UK.
SIMULATION OF TSUNAMI FORCE ON ROWS OF BUILDINGS IN ACEH REGION AFTER TSUNAMI DISASTER IN 2004 156

The 2011 Great East Japan earthquake triggered powerful tsunami waves, causing disastrous damages in a vast area and took more than 18,000 lives. Despite the unprecedented disaster, some of the buildings and concrete bridges located in tsunami-inundated areas survived and functioned as effective shelters for those who evacuated. It indicates that the disaster could be the product of other factors such as behavioral or environmental factor. In order to study the human impact in the 2011 Tohoku tsunami, it investigates the relationships among evacuation behaviors (i.e., evacuation starting time), preparedness before the disaster, and evacuee’s characteristics and survival rate of the 2011 disaster. Results show that behaviors during the disaster differentiated for the survivors and the dead and missing. A model is developed based on the analysis of each evacuation behavior factors on the fatalities; integrated strategies are proposed and discussed for the reduction of casualties in the future large-scaled natural disasters. Keywords: Tohoku Tsunami, human impact, evacuation behavior, fatalities Vol. 33, No. 3, page 144 (2014) 1 Research Associate, Waseda University, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, namyiyun@aoni.waseYunda. jp 2 Professor Emeritus, Waseda University, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, hamada@waseda.jp
Effects of Gate-Induced Electric Fields on Semiconductor Majorana Nanowires

We study the effect of gate-induced electric fields on the properties of semiconductor-superconductor hybrid nanowires which represent a promising platform for realizing topological superconductivity and Majorana zero modes. Using a self-consistent Schrodinger-Poisson approach that describes the semiconductor and the superconductor on equal footing, we are able to access the strong tunneling regime and identify the impact of an applied gate voltage on the coupling between semiconductor and superconductor. We discuss how physical parameters such as the induced superconducting gap and Lande g-factor in the semiconductor are modified by redistributing the density of states across the interface upon application of an external gate voltage. Finally, we map out the topological phase diagram as a function of magnetic field and gate voltage for InAs/Al nanowires.
Avoiding the wash: Extraversion provides a net fitness gain.

As the fields of personality and evolutionary psychology merge, new conceptualizations of personality traits will arise. However, individual differences continue to present a recurrent problem for evolutionary psychologists. We contend that the heterogeneity of personality traits provides fitness benefits and fitness costs that relate to fitness outcomes. As these costs and benefits balance one another in the course of individuals’ lives, only those traits that create a net positive balance will be correlated with improved fitness outcomes. In this study (N = 155), we showed how extraversion provides positive fitness outcomes to both sexes, suggesting that extraversion creates the best balance of positive and negative characteristics and habits of all of the Big Five. In contrast, other aspects of the Big Five were not related to number of lifetime sex partners, suggesting that the positive and negative aspects of those traits create a near-neutral balance.
Title : Taste preference , food neophobia and nutritional intake in children consuming a cows ’ 1 milk exclusion diet : a prospective study

59 Background: Taste exposure in infancy is known to predict food preferences later in 60 childhood. This is particularly relevant in children with cows’ milk allergy, who consume a 61 substitute formula and/or cows’ milk exclusion (CME) diet early in life. This prospective 62 study aimed to show whether there is a long term effect of consuming a substitute formula 63 and CME diet on taste preferences and dietary intake. 64 Methodology: Children were predominantly recruited from two large birth cohort studies in 65 the UK. Two groups were recruited: an experimental group of children who had consumed a 66 CME diet during infancy and a control group, who had consumed an unrestricted diet during 67 infancy. Parents completed a food neophobia questionnaire and an estimated prospective food 68 diary. Children completed a taste preference test and their growth was assessed. 69 70 Results: 101 children of mean age 11.5 years were recruited (28 CME and 73 controls). 71 Children in the CME group had a significantly higher preference for bitter taste than those in 72 the control group (p < 0.05). There were significant differences between groups for intake of 73 some micronutrients including riboflavin, iodine, sodium and selenium. Food neophobia did 74 not differ between groups. 28% of the CME group were overweight/obese compared to 15% 75 of the control group, however this difference was not statistically different. 76 Conclusion: Consuming a substitute formula and/or CME diet in infancy has a long term 77 effect on preference for bitter taste. Differences exist for intake of some micronutrients but 78 not for macronutrients. There was a non-significant trend towards overweight and obesity in 79 children in the CME group. 80
TEN KIN 10 / 11 are master regulators of the convergent stress transcriptome

Different types of stress result in both specific and convergent responses that modulate plant growth and development. The elucidation of common regulatory nodes may provide insight into the functional basis of stress tolerance and cross-protection. Large-scale generation and comparison of microarray data has recently revealed that part of the cross-talk among the various stress response pathways occurs at the gene expression level, with diverse types of stress triggering overlapping transcriptional responses. We have identified Arabidopsis KIN10 and KIN11 as central regulators of the convergent stress transcriptome. Sensing and signaling stress-associated energy deprivation, these protein kinases (PKs) trigger global gene expression reprogramming, enabling the adjustment of energy homeostasis necessary for coping with stress. The remarkably broad transcriptional program promotes catabolism and autophagy, and suppresses anabolism and ribosome biogenesis. Significantly, KIN10/11 also target a plethora of transcriptional and signaling regulators to orchestrate global responses beyond metabolic regulation. Analyses of gainand loss-of-function mutants uncover the picture that KIN10/11 are central regulators for the integration of metabolic, environmental and hormonal cues during plant growth and development.