Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Principles of effective teaching in the online classroom

1. A Theoretical Framework for the Online Classroom: A Defense and Delineation of a Student-Centered Pedagogy (Dave S. Knowlton). 2. Designing Instruction for Learning in Electronic Classrooms (Gary R. Morrison & Peter F. Guenther). 3. Components of the Online Classroom (Zane L. Berge). 4. Making Decisions: The Use of Electronic Technology in Online Classrooms (Michael Simonson). 5. Students as Seekers in Online Courses (Mark Canada). 6. Accommodating Students with Special Needs in the Online Classroom (Thomas J. Buggey). 7. Humanizing the Online Classroom (Renee E. Weiss). 8. Promoting Deep and Durable Learning in the Online Classroom (Douglas J. Hacker & Dale S. Niederhauser). 9. Evaluating Students' Written Performance in the Online Classroom (John F. Bauer & Rebecca S. Anderson). 10. The Academy, Online Classes, and the Breach in Ethics (Bruce W. Speck). 11. Epilogue: A Cautionary Note About Online Classrooms (R. W. Carstens & Victor L. Worsfold).
Inferring who-infected-whom-where in the 2016 Zika outbreak in Singapore—a spatio-temporal model

Singapore experienced its first known Zika outbreak in 2016. Given the lack of herd immunity, the suitability of the climate for pathogen transmission, and the year-round presence of the vector—Aedes aegypti—Zika had the potential to become endemic, like dengue. Guillain–Barré syndrome and microcephaly are severe complications associated elsewhere with Zika and the risk of these complications makes understanding its spread imperative. We investigated the spatio-temporal spread of locally transmitted Zika in Singapore and assessed the relevance of non-residential transmission of Zika virus infections, by inferring the possible infection tree (i.e. who-infected-whom-where) and comparing inferences using geographically resolved data on cases' home, their work, or their home and work. We developed a spatio-temporal model using time of onset and both addresses of the Zika-confirmed cases between July and September 2016 to estimate the infection tree using Bayesian data augmentation. Workplaces were involved in a considerable fraction (64.2%) of infections, and homes and workplaces may be distant relative to the scale of transmission, allowing ambulant infected persons may act as the ‘vector’ infecting distant parts of the country. Contact tracing is a challenge for mosquito-borne diseases, but inferring the geographically structured transmission tree sheds light on the spatial transmission of Zika to immunologically naive regions of the country.
Analysis of Integrated Data without Data Integration

M scientific and policy investigations require statistical analyses that “integrate” data stored in multiple, distributed databases. For example, a regression analysis on integrated state databases about factors influencing student performance would be more insightful than individual analyses, or complementary to them. Other contexts where the same need arises range from homeland security to environmental monitoring. At the same time, the barriers to actually integrating the databases are numerous. One is confidentiality: the database holders—we term them “agencies”—almost always wish to protect the identities of their data subjects. Another is regulation: the agencies may be forbidden by law to share their data, either with each other or with a trusted third party. A third is scale: despite advances in networking technology, the only way to move a terabyte of data from point A today to point B tomorrow is FedEx. The good news is that for many analyses it is not necessary to move the data. Instead, using techniques from computer science known generically as secure multiparty computation, the agencies can share summaries of the data anonymously, but in a way that the analysis can be performed in a statistically principled manner. In this article we illustrate linear regression on “horizontally partitioned data. ” Only one concept is needed, that of secure summation, which is shown in Figure 1. There are other approaches to this problem for lower risk situations, as How can secure multiparty computation enable agencies to share information without sacrificing confidentiality?
Goal Question Metric (GQM) Approach

As with any engineering discipline, software development requires a measurement mechanism for feedback and evaluation. Measurement supports creating a corporate memory and is an aid in answering a variety of questions associated with the enactment of any software process. Measurement also helps, during the course of a project, to assess its progress, to take corrective action based on this assessment, and to evaluate the impact of such action. According to many studies made on the application of metrics and models in industrial environments, measurement in order to be effective must be. Focused on specific goals Applied to all life-cycle products, processes, and resources Interpreted on the basis of characterization and understanding of the organizational context, environment, and goals This means that measurement must be defined in a top-down fashion. It must be focused, based on goals and models. A metric-driven, bottom-up approach, will not work because there are many observable characteristics in software (e.g., time, number of defects, complexity, lines of code, severity of failures, effort, productivity, defect density). A context specific selection of metrics and guidelines on how to use and interpret them should be made, based on the appropriate models and goals of that environment. The most common and popular mechanism for goal-oriented software measurement is the Goal Question Metric approach which is presented in this article in combination with examples from GQM application in industry Keywords: industrial application; phases; measurable software; quality improvement
Geometric surface features applied to volumetric CAE mesh models

In this paper, we discuss a way to extend a geometric surface feature framework known as Direct Surface Manipulation (DSM) into a volumetric mesh modeling paradigm that can be directly adopted by large-scale CAE applications involving models made of volumetric elements, multiple layers of surface elements or both. By introducing a polynomial-based depth-blending function, we extend the classic DSM mathematics into a volumetric form. The depth-blending function possesses similar user-friendly features as DSM basis functions permitting ease-of-control of the continuity and magnitude of deformation along the depth of deformation. Practical issues concerning the implementation of this technique are discussed in details and implementation results are shown demonstrating the versatility of this volumetric paradigm for direct modeling of complex CAE mesh models. In addition, the notion of a model-independent, volumetric-geometric feature is introduced. Motivated by modeling clay with sweeps and templates, a model-independent, catalog-able volumetric feature can be created. Deformation created by such a feature can be relocated, reoriented, duplicated, mirrored, pasted, and stored independent of the model to which it was originally applied. It can serve as a design template, thereby saving the time and effort to recreate it for repeated uses on different models (frequently seen in CAE-based Design of Experiments study). Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Evolución de la estructura científica española: ISI Web of Science 1990-2005

This longitudinal study of the development of Spain’s ISI scientific domain examines three key time periods: 1990-1995, 1996-2000 and 2001-2005, with the goal of describing the basic structure and backbone of Spanish research, as well as studying its development over time. To this end, ISI categories are used as units of analysis, co-citation as units of measure, and pruning algorithms to simplify the relationship between categories in the visualizations. The results show that from the macrostructure point of view, biomedicine and materials science research provide the basic nucleus at first. Over the years this nucleus is consolidated and expanded with agricultural and soil sciences research. From the microstructure perspective, an increase is observed in the number of interdisciplinary categories, which occupy central positions, indicating increased interaction between disciplines that have traditionally been more important or visible and those on the periphery, or less well known.
Sampling and Weighting in the National Assessment.

This chapter describes procedures for obtaining the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) student samples used in the national and state assessments and for deriving survey weights for use in the analysis of the survey data. Following the description of general procedures, more detailed discussion is included about several issues that relate to the procedures used. In some cases, these involve procedures that NAEP is actively reviewing and investigating, with a view toward implementing improvements in the future. In other cases, the procedures, although well established in NAEP, involve technical aspects with interesting features not fully described in the available technical reports. Probability sampling techniques are used to select the student samples for the national assessment and for the Trial State Assessment program. The sample designs for these two types of samples depend on each other only in the implementation of procedures to minimize the overlap of the samples of participating schools. For both the national assessment and the Trial State Assessment, the goal of the sample design is to obtain samples of students from which estimates of subpopulation characteristics can be obtained with reasonably high precision while satisfying economic and operational constraints. We will describe the procedures used to obtain the student samples used in the national and state assessments and to derive survey weights for use in the analysis of the survey data. Additionally, we will discuss several
A Neural Network Based Speed Control of a Dual Star Induction Motor

This paper propose the use of artificial neural networks to control the speed of a Double Star Induction Motor drives fed by a two matrix converter using Venturini modulation algorithm, The advent of the field oriented with modern speed control technique has partially solved DSIM control problems because it is sensitive to drive parameter variations and performance may deteriorate if conventional controllers are used. Neural network based controller is considered as potential candidates for such an application. In this work the simulations results are provided to evaluate performance of the proposed control strategy. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/ijece.v4i6. 6343
Diethyl 4‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylate

In the title compound, C19H22BrNO4, the dihydro­pyridine ring adopts a flattened boat conformation and the plane of the base of the boat forms a dihedral angle of 89.32 (5)° with the benzene ring. The crystal structure can be described as layers in which dihydro­pyridine rings are parallel to the (\overline{1}01) plane. The packing is stabilized by intra­molecular C—H⋯O and inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, resulting in the formation of a three-dimensional network.
CourseForges: Open Source Curriculum Design for Value-Based Software Engineering

ABSTRACT As a relatively young discipline within software engineering, value-based software engineering does not yet have an established curriculum. The area draws on models and techniques in so many other disciplines that it is likely to be some time before a single individual is ready to prepare a course or a textbook. Several of the EDSER-4 participants expressed interest and enthusiasm for sharing the effort of developing curriculum and course materials. Inspired by the success of open source software development, especially the distributed collaboration, the free public access to the results, and the lack of administrative overhead; we decided to try to establish a similar community for curriculum development. This report describes progress to date, with emphasis on the community standards for cooperation and sharing. Keywords Value-based software engineering education, cooperative curriculum development, open source curriculum development, value-based body of knowledge. 1. BACKGROUND
An Analysis of the Model Based Systems Engineering Process

Much of systems engineering has been performed by writing requirements and specifications primarily in text. An alternative approach preserves the proven best practices of systems engineering, but adds rigorous computer executable models to capture and record the information which describes the system. The requirements and specifications are executable and transformable. Text descriptions are joined to the models so that the proven best practices are not replaced; they are augmented. This paper analyzes the systems engineering process using executable models of behavior and executable models of structure. The structure models are compatible with the traditions of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and modern object-oriented software. A major goal of this work is to provide a convenient separation of the concerns of the systems engineer and to use abstraction to make the sub-processes as simple as possible.
Perceived Business Process Knowledge, the Construct, Its Dimensions, and the Measurement

Drawing from and integrating concepts from several research streams, we propose the existence of a new individual level construct titled perceived business process knowledge (PBPK). PBPK is theorized as an antecedent that may predict extant technology acceptance theory (TAM) based constructs. The concepts of knowledge and business processes are identified from past works and integrated to define PBPK. PBPK is theoretically defended using Alters’ (1999) Work System Theory, Bostrom and Heinens’(1977) Socio-Technical System theory frameworks, as well as, other lenses from business research. These same sources, as well as, concepts borrowed from practioner perspectives (IDEF0, 1993) are used to identify five PBPK sub-dimensions: 1) Perceived Process Input Knowledge, 2) Perceived Process Resources Knowledge, 3) Perceived Process Activities Knowledge, 4) Perceived Process Constraints Knowledge, and 5) Perceived Process Output Knowledge. To further rationalize sub-dimensions, PBPK components can be mapped to factors found in four empirically tested information systems models. PBPK instrument is currently under development; we are following MacKenzie et al’s. (2011) recommended process; an update to Churchill’s (1979) method. Part of MacKenzie et al.’s revision focuses on addressing multi-dimensional and formative constructs. If successful, developing the measure, will expand the field of information systems research by tying current theories to a proposed pre-existing condition (i.e PBPK). We also re-validate research methods by using MacKenzie et al’s. process. This method was published within the last 4 years and addresses construct development process and validation gaps identified in prior methods; it has only followed in a few studies.
Software estimation from executable specifications

Previous work in software/hardware codesign has addressed issues in system modeling, partitioning, and mixed module simulation and integration. Software estimation, which provides software metrics to assist software/hardware partitioning, has not been extensively studied. In order to rapidly explore large design space encountered in software/hardware systems, automatic software estimation is indispensable in software/hardware partitioning in which designers or partitioning tools must trade oo a hardware with a software implementation for the whole or a part of the system under design. In this report we present a software estimator that provides three software metrics | execution time, program-memory size and data-memory size for a speciication executing on a given processor. Experiments have shown that our estimator is fairly accurate when applied to diierent designs spanning from straight line code to code with branches and loops and even to hierarchical speciications. Experiments also show that our estimator is fast and thus can provide rapid feedback to the designers or system partitioning tools to quickly evaluate diierent design alternatives.
Asymmetric collimation : dosimetric characteristics, treatment planning algorithm, and clinical applications

Asymmetric collimation of photon beams produces non-trivial alterations in absolute output, depth dose and beam profile. The full potential of asymmetric collimation can only be realized with a proper treatment planning algorithm specific for asymmetric collimation. In this thesis the dosimetric characteristics of asymmetric fields are investigated and a new computation method for the dosimetry of asymmetric fields is described and implemented into an existing treatment planning algorithm. Based on this asymmetric field treatment planning algorithm, the clinical use of asymmetric fields in cancer treatment is investigated, and new treatment techniques for conformal therapy are developed. Dose calculation is verified with thermoluminescent dosimeters in a body phantom. An asymmetric field is referred to as an off-set radiation field whereby the central axis of the radiation field does not coincide with the collimator axis as the opposite pair of collimators no longer are equidistant from the collimator axis. Here, the corresponding symmetric field is a radiation field centered at the collimator axis with the opposite pair of collimators set equidistant from the collimator axis and to the largest asymmetric collimator setting. Usually the dose distribution in an asymmetric field is represented by some form of beam modeling. In this thesis, an analytical approach is proposed to account for the dose reduction when a corresponding symmetric field is collimated asymmetrically to a smaller asymmetric field. This is represented by a correction factor that uses the ratio of the equivalent field dose contributions between the asymmetric and symmetric fields. The same equation used in the expression of the correction factor can be used for a wide range of
A Content Analysis in Reverse Logistics: A review

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review in the various publications on the concept of Reverse Logistics (RL) and the related areas within the period 1998-2012. The content analysis approach has been opted to collect the relevant information from different books, journals, and conferences. A broad review of literature in RL from its emergence until the recent discussions have been analyzed and compared in this research. The findings show that, the theoretical construct in RL has been initiated from the conjunction features in the waste management and logistics activities. This idea had been developed by introducing the new term as RL and its definitions and contents such as the activities; key drivers; barriers to use; material flow, and networks in RL. Furthermore, the findings present the various modeling in different aspects of RL, for instance, the mathematical modeling by applying the existence methods in Multi Attribute Decision-Making Models (MADM). In addition, the environmental concerns and governmental legislatives matters and impacts, which have been highlighted, recently, on RL have been deliberated. Hence, this paper would assist the researchers and practitioners to obtain a broad review of RL in the last decade and, also provide an agenda for the future researches.
Performance analysis of a real-time database with optimistic concurrency control

For a real-time shared-memory database with Optimistic Concurrency Control (OCC), an approximation for the transaction response-time distribution and thus for the deadline miss probability is obtained. Transactions arrive at the database according to a Poisson process. There is a limited number of CPUs that can handle transactions in parallel. TransactIons have soft deadlines, and the probability of data conflicts is equal for all transactions. The response time of a transaction consists of possible waiting time (if at arrival all CPUs are occupied) plus a number of execution runs (due to the occurrence of conflicts). In this study, we analyze the case where the execution time of all transactions is constant. Although in practice execution times are never really constant, it is important to analyze this simplifying constant case first, before trying to analyze more general execution-time distributions. We model the real-time database (RTDB) with OCC by a multi-server queueing system with a very special kind of feedback. The probability that a transaction is fed back for a rerun depends on the number of transactions that has committed during its execution. Numerical experiments, which compare the approximative analysis with simulation, show that the analysis provides a good and very fast approximation for the response-time distribution and thus for the percentage of transactions that meets its deadline. We also discuss how the model and the analysis can be extended such that more realistic assumptions, e.g. non-uniform data access, several transaction types, and general execution-time distributions, can be handled.
Indexing strategies for goal specific retrieval of cases

We extend the generalization-based memory framework by elaborating on the types of memory indices. In particular, we distinguish between indices that are useful for retrieving schemata that predict the outcome of some event from those indices that are useful for explaining how a particular event occurs. In addition, we augment each memory index with a description of the class of goals for which the indexed schemata or event will serve as a relevant exemplar. There are several benefits to these extensions to the generalization-based memory framework. First, a single case in memory can be retrieved as an exemplar for several different goals. Second, the phenomenon that examples can be retrieved more easily when the type of processing performed during understanding (and encoding) is the same as the type of processing for retrieval is accounted for by including a description of the goal of the encoding context with each index. Finally, in addition to retrieving the most similar relevant case in memory, the least similar relevant case can be retrieved. The least similar relevant case supports arguments about predicted outcome by helping to illustrate the scope of the predicted outcome. The least similar case can be used to demonstrate that differences between the current situation and the most similar case are irrelevant to the predicted outcome.
Physical Layer Aspects of 3GPP’s Long Term Evolution (LTE)

LTE is specified by the 3 rd generation partnership project as a standard for high speed data transfer in 4 th generation wireless communication networks. This paper provides an in depth over view of the generic frame structure of physical layer of LTE for both uplink and downlink together with advance techniques which are new to cellular systems such as OFDM, OFDMA and MIMO along with their advantages over traditional techniques. It also summarizes the modulation parameters used in the uplink and downlink of 3GPP LTE.