Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
L'approche biographique de la nuptialité application à l'Afrique

(English) A wealth of information can by obtained by analysing nuptiality using biographical methods (questionnaires and analytical methods). Such methods help us trace the evolution of given phenomena, but also enable us to try to explain the evolution and to apprehend the relevant demographical, economic, social and even legislative factors involved. This article describes the inherent difficulties in perceiving the matrimonial life cycle, the methodology for data collection and the analysis of biographical data. It presents several examples of research carried out in Africa, including a study made in Dakar. The main finding obtained from the research in Dakar was the major impact of the crisis in the employment market on training and the dissolution of unions. Although the type of activity has no impact as such on the marriage rate, or on divorce or emancipation, periods of unemployment do play a major role: unemployment considerably slows down entry into unions and accelerates divorces. For the young generations, marriage and the birth of children are no longer factors that encourage them to find their own housing. Although lack of work and lack of housing combine to slow down marriages for young men, marriage does not accelerate access to independent housing. The constitution of couples and the constitution of new households are hence dissociated. _________________________________ (francais) L'approche de la nuptialite a l'aide de methodes biographiques (questionnaires et methodes d'analyse) s'avere riche d'enseignements. En effet, grâce a ces methodes, on peut non seulement retracer l’evolution d’un phenomene, mais aussi tenter d’expliquer cette evolution et d’en degager les facteurs demographiques, economiques, sociaux voire legislatifs. Dans cet article sont decrits les difficultes inherentes a la perception du cycle de vie matrimoniale, la methodologie de la collecte et l'analyse des donnees biographiques. Plusieurs exemples d'analyses conduites en Afrique, en particulier d’une etude realisee a Dakar, sont presentes dans l'article. Le principal acquis des analyses conduites a Dakar concerne le role majeur de la crise sur le marche de l’emploi sur la formation ou la dissolution des unions. Si le type d’activite exercee en tant que tel n’influe pas sur le rythme du mariage ni sur celui du divorce ou de l’emancipation, les periodes de chomage exercent une influence majeure : ainsi le chomage ralentit fortement l’entree en union tandis qu’il accelere le divorce. Pour les jeunes generations, mariage et venue d’un enfant ne constituent plus un facteur poussant a obtenir son propre logement. Si absence de travail et manque de logements se conjuguent pour freiner le mariage des jeunes hommes, le mariage n'accelere pas l'acces a un logement independant. Une dissociation s'opere entre constitution du couple et constitution d'un nouveau menage.
Distributed Modal Sensors for Rectangular Plate Structures

Modal sensors are sensitive to the structure's response at one or more modes and insensitive to the response due to other modes. Design techniques are well established for distributed sensors for beam structures, but plate structures are more difficult unless the sensor thickness or effectiveness is altered. This study considers the design of distributed modal sensors for plate structures. The sensors are assumed to be of constant thickness and the modes of the plate are assumed to be known functions. The boundary is assumed to be smooth and parameterized using a finite number of points and spline interpolation. The approach is demonstrated on a simply supported uniform rectangular plate and the modes are obtained from the analytical solution. The effect of the number of modes of interest, the form of the objective function, and the number of boundary points is highlighted.
New Statistical Methods for Systematizing the Nuclei Fission Fragments: Post-Scission Approach

A new statistical method for systematizing the nuclei fission fragments, investigation of their mass and charge spectra and neutron fission parameters has been suggested. In proposed method, the mass and charge yields of nucleons are determined from the equilibrium conditions of the nuclear fragments post-fission ensemble. Here we consider protons and neutrons of different fragments as statistically non-equivalent. The abilities of the proposed statistical method for explanation of the U, Pa, Th, Ac and Ra post-fission fragments ordering and neutron emission function calculation have been demonstrated.
Master thesis : Fast Internet Topology Discovery

Tous les documents placés en accès ouvert sur le site le site MatheO sont protégés par le droit d'auteur. Conformément aux principes énoncés par la "Budapest Open Access Initiative"(BOAI, 2002), l'utilisateur du site peut lire, télécharger, copier, transmettre, imprimer, chercher ou faire un lien vers le texte intégral de ces documents, les disséquer pour les indexer, s'en servir de données pour un logiciel, ou s'en servir à toute autre fin légale (ou prévue par la réglementation relative au droit d'auteur). Toute utilisation du document à des fins commerciales est strictement interdite.
Relationships between visual obstruction measurements and weight of grassland vegetation.

As part of a long-term study of greater prairie chicken (Typanuchus cupido pinnatus) ecology in northeastern Kansas (Slade et al. 1965; Robe& 1966; Watt, 1969), an attempt was made to correlate movements and locations of prairie chickens with habitat types. In order to accomplish this, the various habitat types on a 2,500-hectare grassland study area had to be described. Species composition alone could not provide all the information necessary to evaluate the habitat potential of a grassland for prairie chickens. Emlen (1956) indicated that vegetation screening efficiency and density were as important as species present in describing avian habitats. Specifically, Hamerstrom et al. (1957) stated that height and density of grass were “clearly more important to the prairie chickens than species composition. ” Various optical means have been used to measure the height and density of vegetation (Wight, 1938; Webb, 1942; Mossman, 1955).
Group Analysis of Free Convection Flow of a Magnetic Nanofluid with Chemical Reaction

A theoretical study of two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics viscous incompressible free convective boundary layer flow of an electrically conducting, chemically reacting nanofluid from a convectively heated permeable vertical surface is presented. Scaling group of transformations is used in the governing equations and the boundary conditions to determine absolute invariants. A third-order ordinary differential equation which corresponds to momentum conservation and two second-order ordinary differential equations which correspond to energy and nanoparticle volume fraction (species) conservation are derived. Our (group) analysis indicates that, for the similarity solution, the convective heat transfer coefficient and mass transfer velocity are proportional to whilst the reaction rate is proportional to , where is the axial distance from the leading edge of the plate. The effects of the relevant controlling parameters on the dimensionless velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle volume fraction are examined. The accuracy of the technique we have used was tested by performing comparisons with the results of published work and the results were found to be in good agreement. The present computations indicate that the flow is accelerated and temperature enhanced whereas nanoparticle volume fractions are decreased with increasing order of chemical reaction. Furthermore the flow is strongly decelerated, whereas the nanoparticle volume fraction and temperature are enhanced with increasing magnetic field parameter. Increasing convection-conduction parameter increases velocity and temperatures but has a weak influence on nanoparticle volume fraction distribution. The present study demonstrates the thermal enhancement achieved with nanofluids and also magnetic fields and is of relevance to nanomaterials processing.
Survival Analysis of Left Truncated Income Protection Insurance Data

Abstract One of the main characteristics of Income Protection Insurance (IPI) claim duration data, which has not been considered in the actuarial literature on the topic, is left-truncation. Claimants that are observed are those whose sickness durations are longer than the deferred periods specified in the policies, and hence left-truncation exists in these data. This paper investigates a series of conditional mixture models when applying survival analysis to model sickness durations of IPI claimants, and examines the consequence of treating the IPI data with lengthy deferred periods as complete data and therefore ignoring the left-truncation by fitting the corresponding unconditional distributions. It also quantifies the extent of the bias in the resulting parameter estimates when ignoring the left-truncation in the data. Using the UK Continuous Mortality Investigation (CMI) sickness duration data, some well-fitting survival model results are estimated. It is demonstrated that ignoring the left-truncation in certain IPI data can lead to substantially different statistical estimates. We therefore suggest taking left-truncation into account by fitting conditional mixture distributions to IPI data. Furthermore, the best fitting model is extended by introducing a number of covariates into the conditional part to do regression analysis.
Five Factor Personality Traits as Predictor of Trait Anger and Anger Expression

The purpose of present research study is to determine if five factor personality traits significantly predict trait anger and anger expression styles. A total number of 580 students (313 girls and 267 boys) participated in the study. Adjective Based Personality Test and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory scales were employed for the study. According to the findings of the study, it was seen that five factor personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experiences, agreeableness and conscientiousness) as a whole, significantly predict trait anger and anger expression styles (anger-in, anger-out and anger control).
Delineating the ways that targeted support programs facilitate minority students’ access to social networks and development of social capital in college

Despite efforts to increase success rates among racial/ethnic minority college student populations, these groups continue to suffer from noticeable disparities in degree attainment. This qualitative examination of targeted support programs is designed to develop a better understanding of the role of such programs in facilitating success among college students of color at three campuses with high and equitable retention and graduation rates among underrepresented racial/ethnic minority college students.1 Findings illustrate how targeted support programs help those students access social networks and develop social capital by creating a web of early, continuous, and integrated connections with other undergraduates
The value of design information in collaborative design networks

Collaborative design requires efficient communication, but the value of design information for the collaboration partners is difficult to predict. The dimensions of design information value and challenges related to them need to be identified in order to improve the value of design information for collaboration partners. We analyzed literature in order to understand the value of information in general. We conducted four case studies in four collaborative design networks in order to understand and model the value of design information in this industrial context. The results of our case studies reveal that the challenges of design information exchange in collaborative design networks lie in the capture and reuse of design information, access to information and targeting design information exchange. We found timeliness, relevance, accuracy, credibility, frequency, comprehensibility and accessibility to be important dimensions of design information value. Maximizing information value based on these carefully selected attributes seems to offer us a feasible approach for designing information management processes for collaborative design.
Molecular cloning, expression and computational analysis of a water stress inducible copper-containing amine oxidase gene (CuAO) from tea plant [ Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]

Copper-containing amine oxidase (CuAO) is the enzyme known to play diversity of function in plant responses to environmental stresses through its reaction products. Here, for the first time we report full length cDNA encoding CuAO protein from a drought tolerant tea cultivar. It was found to be 785 bp long with a 70 bp 5. -UTR, 193 bp 3. -UTR, 522 bp mORF and a polyA adenylational signal. It codes for a poly-peptide of 173 amino acids having predicted molecular weight and isoelectric point of 19 KDa and 7.75 respectively. Heterologous expression and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis of the protein in Escherichia coli revealed similar size as predicted by in silico analysis. Blastp analysis and template based homology modeling in Phyre2 has identified a copper amine oxidase domain with ligand binding site for copper at residue 123 (Histidine) which suggests its probable role in plant responses to environmental stresses. Interestingly, no signal peptide sequence was detected in the predicted protein which is in contrast to the CuAO so far reported in plants. Although, in slico analysis of the protein have indicated its probable structure and functions, further functional characterization is needed to better understand its role during drought and other environmental stresses in tea. Key words: Camellia sinensis , copper amine oxidase, homology modeling, molecular cloning.
The Role of Molecule Clustering by Hydrogen Bond in Hydrous Ethanol on Laminar Burning Velocity

The role of hydrogen bond molecule clustering in laminar burning velocities was observed. The water in hydrous ethanol can change the interaction between water-ethanol molecules. A certain amount of water can become oxygenated which increases the burning velocity. The hydrogen bond interaction pattern of ethanol and water molecules was modeled. Based on the molecular model, azeotropic behavior emerges from ethanol-water hydrogen bond, which is at a 95.1%v composition. The interaction with water molecule causes the ethanol molecule to be clustered with centered oxygenated compound. So, it supplies extra oxygen and provides intermolecular empty spaces that are easily infiltrated by the air. In the azeotropic composition, the molecular bond chain is the shortest, so hypothetically the burning velocity is anticipated to increase. The laminar burning velocity of ethanol fuel was tested in a cylindrical explosion bomb in lean, stoichiometric, and rich mixtures. The experimental result showed that the maximum burning velocity occurred at hydrous ethanol of 95.5%v composition. This discrepancy is the result of the addition of energy from 7.7% free ethanol molecules that are not clustered. At the rich mixture, the burning velocity of this composition is higher than that of anhydrous ethanol.
Early Atlantic Navigation: Pre-Portuguese Presence in the Azores Islands

We present here evidence of pre-Portuguese presence in the Azores Islands, Portugal, found near the site of Grota do Medo (Posto Santo), discovered by Rodrigues (2013) in Terceira Island, Azores. This evidence was dated by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, and indicates the presence of human activity in Terceira Island before or during the XIth century. The evidence consisted in a man-made rock basin, which was found in a site that contains also striking similarities with many other aspects from ancient cultures, including other man-made rock basins, arrangements of large stones which resemble megalithic constructions, and inscriptions in stones which resemble ancient petroglyphs. Although the dating of this evidence is highly suggestive of the presence of human activity in the Azores Islands long before the arrival of the Portuguese navigators of the XVth century, there is no clear evidence which enables us to identify which specific culture may have existed in the Azores before the Portuguese arrival.
Power and Execution Time Optimization through Hardware Software Partitioning Algorithm for Core Based Embedded System

Shortening the marketing cycle of the product and accelerating its development efficiency have become a vital concern in the field of embedded system design. Therefore, hardware/software partitioning has become one of the mainstream technologies of embedded system development since it affects the overall system performance. Given today’s largest requirement for great efficiency necessarily accompanied by high speed, our new algorithm presents the best version that can meet such unpreceded levels. In fact, we describe in this paper an algorithm that is based on HW/SW partitioning which aims to find the best tradeoff between power and latency of a system taking into consideration the dark silicon problem. Moreover, it has been tested and has shown its efficiency compared to other existing heuristic well-known algorithms which are Simulated Annealing, Tabu search, and Genetic algorithms.
Going to the Dogs: Free-Ranging Domestic Dogs Threaten an Endangered Wild Canid through Competitive Interactions

Domestic dogs threaten wildlife globally, especially other canids. The spread of infectious disease from dogs threatens Ethiopian wolves, via interference and exploitation competition. Despite increasing threats to wildlife from dogs, competition between dogs and wild carnivores is relatively unstudied. This study seeks to understand the behavior and habitat use of free-ranging dogs in the Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia, and their interactions with other park users, through focal animal follows totaling > 150 hours. Dogs used the same areas as wolves, foraged throughout wolf habitat, and aggressively interacted with wolves in their territories. Wolves were actively displaced from foraging grounds by dogs, with dogs chasing wolves both while foraging alone or when moving with livestock. Direct competition for small mammals was not sustained by these results. Female dogs may make less extensive use of wolf range; they covered significantly less distance and interacted less aggressively with wolves. Domestic dogs are increasingly present in protected areas around the globe, and this study documents their negative impact on wild carnivores—both through direct interaction and use of habitat – highlighting the implications of dog presence for wildlife conservation.
A Comparative Study on Wrapper and Filter Methods for Feature Selection in Data Mining

In recent years, the size of databases has increased enormously. This has led the world to grow interest in the development of tools that can extract knowledge automatically from data. Here, data mining proves to be the useful tool to discover the knowledge from huge data repositories. This requires proper classification methods and algorithms. In a particular dataset, we require minimal set of features that can lead us to the proper classification of instances of the dataset. Here, the need of the good feature selection algorithm comes to existence. In this paper, we perform a comparative study of the two most popular methods used for the feature selection: Wrapper and Filtering method. A number of algorithms exist that fall under these two categories. In this paper relative merits of the respective algorithms and their performance on a number of datasets is analyzed and depicted graphically also.
Moderate malnutrition in children aged five years and younger in South Africa: are wasting or stunting being treated?

Abstract Objectives: The objective of the study was to describe wasting and stunting in children aged 12–60 months, admitted to targeted supplementary feeding programmes for the treatment of moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) in South Africa. Design: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was performed. Subjects and setting: Children with MAM, managed as outpatients at primary healthcare facilities in three provinces, were included in the study conducted between September 2012 and August 2013. Outcome measures: Weight, height and mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) measurements were collected to classify the children as moderately or severely stunted or wasted. Results: Of the total sample (n = 225), 13% (n = 30) were diagnosed as wasted, 58% (n = 131) as stunted, and 21% (n = 47) as both wasted and stunted. MUAC was significantly associated with wasting. However, an association was not found between MUAC and stunting. Of the sample, 32% (n = 72) presented with severe stunting, and 29% (n = 65) with moderate wasting. Food insecurity was associated with wasting, but not with stunting. Conclusion: A low weight-for-age z-score resulted more from stunting than from wasting in this study. Severe stunting presented as a greater health concern than moderate wasting. Without scrutinising wasting and stunting, healthcare professionals may remain unaware of the drivers of underweight for age in children treated at South African primary healthcare facilities. Following this study’s outcomes, the sensitivity of MUAC in screening for moderate malnutrition in South African settings with a high prevalence of stunting is questionable. It is recommended that current nutritional interventions are revisited to explore the efficacy of treating children with wasting, stunting or both.
BLOOD FLOW IN THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY WITH STENOSIS

This work presents the development of a computational methodology based on ultrasound (US) data and able to simulate the hemodynamics of a carotid bifurcation with stenosis. A semi-automatic lumen segmentation methodology of longitudinal and cross-sectional images is presented. The algorithm, implemented in Matlab is based on the hypoecogenic characteristic of the lumen and allows the lumen contour extraction in 2D B-mode images. Patient-specific Womersley velocity profiles, derived from the pulsatile velocity waveforms obtained by pulsed Doppler images, were considered for the definition of the boundary conditions. An image based computational fluid dynamics model of a middle-aged patient was reconstructed from both segmented transversal and longitudinal US images. The blood flow simulation was performed using the Ansys/Fluent software. Pulsatile conditions of the hemodynamic analysis were validated by the carotid US scan. Hemodynamic analysis was performed based on wall shear stress (WSS) descriptors. High values of time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) were captured within stenosis. Low values of TAWSS where found at the carotid bulb, upstream and downstream stenosis and also at external carotid artery. In these regions the oscillatory shear index (OSI) and the relative residence time (RRT) present high values, in agreement with the fact these hemodynamic descriptors are able to capture abnormal flow conditions witch present an import role in the local development of atherosclerotic plaques. This study shows to be clinically useful in the diagnosis and management of the treatment of carotid stenosis as it is able to show a complex hemodynamic behaviour during the cardiac cycle allowing the correlation between the carotid wall pathophysiology and the local influence in artery hemodynamics.