Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stability Enhancement Techniques for Nanoscale SRAM Circuits

Four circuit techniques for high data stability and low leakage power consumption in static CMOS memory circuits are compared in this paper. The techniques that provide the highest data stability, the lowest leakage power consumption, and the smallest memory cell area are identified. The first circuit technique employs a dynamic voltage swing wordline driver to control the operation of the standard six-transistor (6T) memory cells. The wordline voltage swing is dynamically tuned during read and write operations in order to simultaneously enhance the read stability and the write margin without increasing the size of the transistors in the SRAM cell. The other three circuit techniques tackle the data stability challenge by modifying the memory cell circuit structure. A nine-transistor (9T), an eight-transistor (8T), and a dual-threshold-voltage (dual-V t ) seven-transistor (7T) SRAM circuit are considered in this paper. The data storage nodes are isolated from the bitlines with these techniques, thereby significantly enhancing the read stability as compared to the standard 6T SRAM circuits. Among the evaluated memory circuits, the 9T and the 8T SRAM cells provide the highest data stability during a read operation. The read stability of the 9T and the 8T SRAM cells is 80% higher as compared to a standard 6T SRAM cell sized for data stability (with β ? = 3) in a 65nm CMOS technology. Alternatively, the dynamic wordline voltage swing technique offers the smallest area and the dual-V t 7T SRAM cell consumes the lowest leakage power among the evaluated memory cells.
Arbutus pavarii Pamp. – An updated profile

Arbutus pavarii Pamp. (fam. Ericaceae), commonly known as “Shmeri” or “Libyan Strawberry”, is an endemic Libyan medicinal plant, currently considered as an endangered species of shrub or tree (Kabiel et al., 2016), and has attracted public attention in relation to its conservation. The distribution of this important forage species of plant for honeybees to produce specific honey type is considerably confined to the Al-Akhdar mountainous region in Libya.
Measurement of dielectric constant using a microwave microstrip ring resonator (MMRR) at 10 GHz irrespective of the type of overlay

A new equation to measure the dielectric constant of materials using a microwave microstrip ring resonator (MMRR) at 10 GHz by empirically modifying the design equation of the effective dielectric constant of the system is proposed. Each material, with the proper size of interest, is overlaid on the MMRR and the change in resonance frequency caused by the change of effective dielectric constant of the system is measured, which depends on the dielectric constant, thickness, and type of overlay (complete or partial). No equations are available for obtaining the dielectric constant of the materials, which are used as partial overlays. The proposed equation can be used for both a complete and a crossed partial overlay. Validation of the equation is done using different dielectric materials and is in good agreement with the experimental results (within ±1%). This will be useful in applications such as grain‐moisture sensing using MMRR. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 11–14, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21066
Cascading structure of LDMOS and LIGBT for increasing the forward biased safe operating area (FBSOA)

We propose a new device which suppresses parasitic latch-up effectively and also improves the turn-off characteristic by cascading the drain of an LDMOS to the cathode of an LIGBT. The FBSOA of the proposed device is large because the parasitic thyristor latch-up is eliminated even at high voltage exceeding 200 V by current saturation of the LDMOS. Also, the switching speed is improved considerably compared with conventional LIGBTs. We have verified the characteristics of the proposed device by 2-D numerical simulation (MEDICI).
DAMPING RINGS TOWARDS ULTRA-LOW EMITTANCES*

Damping Rings (DR) designs to achieve ultra-low emittance beams in Linear Colliders (ILC and CLIC) will be reviewed pointing out the major issues both from the beam dynamics and the technological point of view and comparing the required performances with the one achieved at SLC. The design, beam simulations, benchmarking and performances already achieved in test facilities, especially the KEK-ATF1 facility, will be presented. Finally, future R&D plans and schedule in terms of beam performances, beam stability and technological development as well as the world-wide organization to achieve them will be discussed.
Computer Based Training On Human Factors for Ab-Initio Air Traffic Controllers

SUMMARY This paper presents a Computer Based Training (CBT) for "ab-initio" air traffic controllers on Memory, Perception, Cognition and Attention. The CBT called MemPAC was developed following a previous analysis performed jointly by the States of the European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC) area which identified and characterized the need of training for ab-initio controllers. The aim of MemPAC is to increase the ability of controllers to recognize the basic mechanisms and limitations of the cognitive processes involved in Air Traffic Control (ATC) tasks. The use of interactive exercises, video, games and examples from everyday life supports the presentation and the understanding of these matters.
An Efficient Technique for Smart Grid Communications using IBE-ECIES

Smart Grid Communication is one of the best technique used for transmission of data from sender to receiver. But during the transmission of data security is important such that the data is secure against various attacks in the grid communication. Although in the existing work various parameters are implemented for grid communication with Dynamic Encryption technique (1) but the technique implemented needs further enhancements regarding encryption and security of such data. Hence an efficient technique is implemented for the security of data in grid communication using identity based encryption with elliptic curve integrated encryption scheme. The proposed scheme provides security against various attacks and provides less storage. mart grid implies network of computers and power infra- structure to manage the energy usage and analyze the us- age by monitoring them. Energy producer in an area re- ceives information from devices called collector devices (13). The information is the usage information managed by opera- tional centers of the producer. The usage information or the readings are shared with the help of internet or dial-up line. The billing and utilities are performed based on this reading. The device used for this purpose is termed as smart meter in- stalled at each customer site. The meter is computerized capa- ble of processor, communication and non-volatile storage. Smart meters are capable of multiple software controls com- prising of auto cut-off, alarms in case of problems etc. the me- ters can be interfaced with smart devices to control them. The control of the energy usage can easily be maintained, moni- tored and deployed through smart meters. These smart meters are applied over smart grid. Smart grid features these abilities to support customer energy usage. With the help of smart grid the economic condition of the customer and the grid can also be analyzed and enhanced. Energy farms can generate energy using various sources like solar panels, methane generators, wind mills and turbines etc. the excess energy then can be sell back to utility there by reducing the energy cost (13). With the help of smart grid such type of cost elimination methods can be applied at larger level. Customers are able to manage their electrical energy consumption and making it effective (3). The load data that depicts the details of energy consumption by customer is stored and collected in smart meters. Smart meters are capable of storing data related to customer, energy provid- er, billing details etc. This private data needs to be preserved from security vulnerabilities resulting in security of smart grid. The data may be in form of personal information daily activities, individual behaviors, etc. needs to be adopted for
Factors affecting SMEs’ development in Vietnam

The enterprise's system, along with households and the government are the main factors in the production and consumption of the economy, which plays an extremely important role in the development of any country. Besides the large enterprises, which are often considered as the locomotives of the economy’s development, people are increasingly interested in a significant number of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) whose position and role has been confirmed through the actual economic development of many countries and economies. In Vietnam, the development of SMEs has been creating a driving force for economic growth and has become an important strategic direction in the country’s socio-economic development strategy. The article focuses on determining the factors affecting the development of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in Vietnam. At the same time, the current paper evaluates factors affecting the development of these enterprises. The main factors expected to be focused on in the research include the level of production technology, government policies, raw materials, labor, management capacity, corporate social responsibility, green growth orientation, and global epidemics.
Realisation of microstrip junction circulator using LTCC technology

An integrated circulator based on low-temperature cofired ceramics (LTCC) tapes and LTCC compatible ferrite tapes has been developed for the first time and its performance has been verified experimentally. The insertion loss is less than 2 dB and the isolation is better than 25 dB with a centre frequency of 7.45 GHz. These results are in good agreement with simulations and offer a route towards integrated LTCC microwave circulators.
SegVisRL: development of a robot's neural visuomotor and planning system for lunar exploration

In this paper, we present an approach for the learning of a visuomotor system for a robotic rover using reinforcement learning (RL) within a simulation that combines both proprioceptive and exteroceptive information. With a rising interest in private lunar exploration, compact, power-efficient and cost-efficient rover concepts are becoming numerous. Many of these still use LIDARs for obstacle avoidance, however, using a camera could help achieve a more optimal system. Visual data contains structured information that can be used for understanding texture, localization and object recognition. That said, it is hard to use RL with raw high-resolution visual data due to the dimensional size, with over 6 million inputs in an image alone. By preprocessing the images to be segmented and down sampling to reduce size, we are able to achieve stable learning, and to teach a robot to understand footage to avoid obstacles and reach its goals. This method combines exteroceptive data from the camera and the goal location information along with proprioceptive information, such as the robot”s angular rotation. Moreover, whereas most approaches feed the RL output to a motion controller or trajectory generator, our RL agent is able to directly control the actuator outputs of the rover. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Multi‐Source Data Based Investigation of Aerosol‐Cloud Interaction Over the North China Plain and North of the Yangtze Plain

Although great progress has been made in the study of aerosol‐cloud interactions (ACIs), representation of ACI is still the largest uncertainty in current weather and climate models. In this study, the ACI over the North China Plain and north of the Yangtze Plain is investigated using multi‐source data including satellite, ground‐based, reanalysis, and fusion data. The effects of aerosol characteristics (PM2.5, PM10, and PM2.5/PM10 ratio), atmospheric conditions including liquid water path (LWP) and lower tropospheric stability (LTS), and drizzle on ACI are analyzed. Results suggest that both aerosol characteristics and atmospheric conditions can affect cloud effective radius ( re ), but drizzle in clouds plays a decisive role on ACI. In the case of fixed LTS and LWP, the average cloud droplet re increases first and then fluctuates for all clouds examined with the increase of PM2.5 concentration. The PM2.5 concentration corresponding to the turning point of re increases with the increasing LWP due to the increased chance of collision and coalescence. In contrast, the average cloud droplet re and PM2.5 concentration show a negative correlation for clouds without drizzle, which is mainly caused by competition of water vapor. The quantitative ACI results show that the values of the aerosol first indirect effect are negative for most cases when considering all clouds examined, but positive when only considering clouds without drizzle.
Spectral Analysis of Respiratory Activity Provides a Second Autonomic Measure Associated With Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variability

The premise for the difference is that the AFC method starts with two independent, but concurrent signals, RA and EKG. Mathematically, two independent signals are required to fully describe (mathematically) a system with two independent parts. The SA package selected as a continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and is used to analyze both signals independently. Peerreviewed published reports indicate that RA analysis is necessary to isolate parasympathetic from sympathetic activity. Our recent studies have borne this out and have shown that the MITbased technique, (including RA spectral analysis) provides more specific and sensitive autonomic indices. Further the CWT analysis improves the mathematical accuracy of the AFC parameters over the fast Fourier transform (FFT) method discussed in the Special Report in two ways. First, the FFT as a result of windowing requires a compromise between time and frequency fidelity. More accurate temporal resolution is achieved at the expense of frequency resolution, and vise versa. Second, the FFT requires stationary signals, biological (including autonomic) signals are inherently non-stationary. Clinically, this issue forces longer recording times and causes the FFT approach to miss rapid changes in autonomic responses. The CWT method resolves these mathematical issues. An example of the difficulty with the spectral domain (SD) HRV (without SA of respiratory activity) method is that during paced, deep breathing when the breathing frequency is in the LF region, the HRV spectrum show little or no activity in the HF region and most of the activity in the LF region. Based on the definitions from the Special Report, this would suggest little of no PSNS (HF) activity during the pace breathing challenge and a significant amount of SNS (LF) activity. This is counter-intuitive. Paced, deep breathing should increase the PSNS output and possibly decrease the SNS. In this study we compare and contrast the differences between the two approaches and present the results of the two approaches for the same clinical data set. METHODS ANS function testing using the ANX-3.0 system (Ansar, Medical Device Technologies, Inc., Philadelphia, PA) was performed on 5752 patients (Table 1) in 38 ambulatory clinics nationwide. The 15.5’ test clinical exam included a 5’ resting baseline. The ANX-3.0 utilizes SA of RA and SA of HRVto compute SNS and PSNS output at rest and during various
Hyperbole and emotionalisation: Escalation of pragmatic effects of proverb and metaphor in the “Brexit” debate

(How) Can the use of hyperbole in metaphorical idioms and scenarios contribute to an increase in emotionalisation of public debates? Using a research corpus of quotations from British politicians speeches and interviews and of press texts 2016-2020, this paper investigates hyperbolic formulations in Brexit-related applications of the proverb You cannot have your cake and eat it and related scenarios of national liberation, which appear to have strongly boosted emotionalised public debates. For instance, Brexit proponents reversal of the cake proverb into the assertion, We can have our cake and eat it, and their figurative interpretation of Brexit as a war of liberation (against the EU) triggered highly emotional reactions: triumphant affirmation among followers, fear and resentment among opponents. The paper argues that the combination of figurative speech (proverb, metaphor) with hyperbole heightened the emotional and polemical impact of the pro-Brexit argument. Whilst this effect may be deemed to have been rhetorically successful in the short term (e.g. in referendum and election campaigns), its long-term effect on political discourse is more ambivalent, for it leads to a polarisation and radicalisation of political discourse in Britain (as evidenced, for instance, in the massive use of hyperbole in COVID-19 debates). The study of hyperbole as a means of emotionalisation thus seems most promising as part of a discourse-historical investigation of socio-pragmatic effects of figurative (mainly, metaphorical) language use, rather than as an isolated, one-off rhetorical phenomenon.
Study on Dynamic Response Characteristics and Damage Mechanism of Tunnel Lining at Entrance of Shallow Bias Tunnel

The structural damage of the lining structure at the entrance of a tunnel is the most common instability problem. The instability problem may cause dynamic effects such as earthquakes and blasting. Based on the seismic damage data collected from previous major earthquakes at the entrance of shallow-buried tunnel, the shaking table test and numerical simulation are used to analyze dynamic response characteristics and damage evolution characteristics of the tunnel in the shallow-buried hole at 30°. The study revealed the stress characteristics of tunnel lining and the mechanism of structural damage under earthquake excitation. The research results show that the biased tunnel (30°) is susceptible to damage on the unsymmetrical loading side, the biased ground surface leads to acceleration, and high speed also significantly increases the effect. The biased side leg of the tunnel lining cross section is a location with a large internal force distribution. The biased tunnel has a relatively unfavorable internal force value distribution and a larger peak, and the peak at the larger bias side has the largest peak value. The skewback and spandrel portion of the biased tunnel lining load are more likely to be damaged.
Optimal Speed Profile of a DVFS Processor under Soft Deadlines

Minimizing the energy consumption of embedded systems with real-time execution constraints is becoming more and more important. More functionalities and better performance/ cost tradeoffs are expected from such systems because of the increased use of real-time applications and the fact that batteries are becoming standard power supplies. Dynamically changing the speed of the processor is a common and efficient way to reduce energy consumption and remarkable gains can be obtained when considering cacheintensive and/or CPU-bound applications as the CPU energy consumption may dominate the overall energy consumption. In fact, this is the reason why modern processors are equipped with Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) technology [7]. In the deterministic case where job sizes and arrival times are known, a vast literature addressed the problem of designing both off-line and on-line algorithms to compute speed profiles that minimize the energy consumption subject to hard real-time constraints (deadlines) on job execution times; e.g., [5]. In a stochastic environment where only statistical information is available about job sizes and arrival times, it turns out that combining hard deadlines and energy minimization via DVFS-based techniques is much more difficult. In fact, forcing hard deadlines requires to be very conservative, i.e., to consider the worst cases. Matter of fact, existing approaches work within a finite number of jobs [6, 3].
Position control system of a two degree of freedom manipulator with a passive joint

A method is proposed for controlling the position of a manipulator with passive joints that have holding brakes instead of actuators. In this method, the coupling characteristics of manipulator dynamics are used, and no additional mechanisms are required. The effectiveness of the method was verified by experiments using a prototype manipulator. The prototype is a two-degree-of-freedom, horizontally articulated manipulator. The first axis is an active joint, and the second axis is a passive joint. While the brake of the passive joint is released, the passive joint is indirectly controlled by the motion of the active joint through the use of dynamic coupling. While the brake is engaged, the active joint is controlled. By combining these two control modes, the total position of the manipulator is controlled. The experiments show that use of this method makes the precise positioning of the passive joints possible. >
Relationships among lifetime measures of growth and frame size for commercial beef females in a pasture-based production system in the Appalachian region of the United States

The beef cattle industry has placed increased focus on mature cow size as a result of its influence on production efficiency and profitability. The objectives of this study were to evaluate relationships among lifetime measures of body weight (BW) and frame score (FS) for commercial beef females, and to assess the value of immature measures as predictors of mature cow size. Measurements of BW, hip height (HH), body condition score (BCS), and calculated FS were recorded at weaning (WN), breeding at 13 mo age (BR), and 8 subsequent periods, ceasing at approximately 5 yr of age for 232 Angus-cross females born 2004 through 2008. Correlation analysis revealed significant (P < 0.001) relationships among BW taken at WN and BR with BW measurements taken at 2.5, 3.8, and 4.8 yr of age (WN r = 0.70, 0.51, 0.61; BR r = 0.65, 0.57, 0.64 respectively). Significant relationships (P < 0.001) existed between FS collected at WN and BR and FS at 2.5 and 3.8 yr (WN= 0.70, 0.72; BR= 0.79, 0.82 respectively). Repeatability of lifetime FS measures was 0.73. BCS was a significant (P < 0.001) source of variation in mature BW, with a unit change in BCS accounting for 41 kg BW change at 4.8 yr (P < 0.001). BW and FS were moderately to strongly related (P < 0.001) at WN, BR, 2.5, 3.8, and 4.8 yr (r = 0.62, 0.49, 0.62, 0.62, and 0.47 respectively). Prediction models for BW at 4.8 yr were similar using weaning BW alone, or with inclusion of both weaning BW and HH (R 2 = 0.57 1 Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060. 2 Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060.
RAIL VIBRATIONS IN THE HIGH FREQUENCY RANGE

Abstract Different models of rails for the high frequency range are compared. In addition to known models, a new model based entirely upon the finite element method is presented. The models are used to calculate the dispersion relations for wave propagation in free rails up to 15 kHz. The results for different models are compared. The deviations are explained and the validity ranges for the different models are given.