Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Structuring of Transition Metal Oxide Particles in Lithium Ion Batteries

Lithium ion batteries are not only widely used as energy storage for portable devices, but are also poised to play an important role in the rapidly growing markets of electric mobility and grid integration of renewables. While hybrid and electric vehicles are already commercialized, the automotive market in particular needs lower cost batteries with faster (dis)charge performance and higher energy density. One step towards designing such batteries is to obtain better understanding of the processes that occur in the active material during battery operation. The goal of this thesis is therefore to develop an approach to noninvasively visualize lithiation dynamics during battery operation in lithium ion battery electrodes containing commercial transition metal oxide-based active particles and then use these insights to design active materials with enhanced lithiation kinetics. In the first part of the thesis, we explore synchrotron-based full-field X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) as a tool to observe lithiation dynamics. XAS works to analyze the lithiation dynamics in transition metal oxide-based active materials, because the transition metal is reduced (or oxidized) during intercalation (or deintercalation) of lithium ions. Since reduction or oxidation can be observed as an energy-shift in the near-edge structure of the K-edge of a transition metal, by performing XAS, it is possible to determine the extent of lithiation, i.e. the state-of-charge (SOC), of the active particles being imaged. While XAS studies have previously been performed on batteries, they did not allow for observation of lithiation dynamics with subparticle resolution. Implementing XAS with full-field microscopy and using a reduced X-ray energy resolution enables measurements with the spatial and temporal resolution to make it possible to track the lithiation dynamics in multiple transition metal oxide-based particles
CUTWIDTH OF CERTAIN CLASSES OF CIRCULANT NETWORKS

The cutwidth problem of a graph G is to embed G into a path such that the maximum number of edges crossing along any cut in the path is minimized. A circulant graph Cmk(1, k) is a graph with vertex set V = {1, 2, . ,mk} and edge set E = E1 ∪E2, where E1 = {(i, i+ 1)}, E2 = {(i, (i+ k) mod mk)}, i ∈ {1, 2, 3, . ,mk}. Bansal et al. (IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, 2012) conjectured that the cutwidth of C2k(1, k), 3 < k ≤ 30 is 5. In this paper we not only prove this conjecture but also prove that the result is true for any k, k > 3. AMS Subject Classification: 05C78
Forest productivity under climate change: a checklist for evaluating model studies

Climate change is highly likely to impact on forest productivity over the next century. The direction and magnitude of change are uncertain because many factors are changing simultaneously, such as atmospheric composition, temperature, rainfall, and land use. Simulation models have been widely used to estimate how these interacting factors might combine to alter forest productivity. Such studies have used many different types of models with different underlying assumptions. To evaluate predictions made by such studies, it is essential to understand the type of model and the assumptions used. In this article, we provide a checklist for use when evaluating modeled estimates of climate change impacts on forest productivity. The checklist highlights the assumptions that we believe are critical in determining model outcomes. Models are classified into different general types, and assumptions relating to effects of atmospheric CO2 concentration, temperature, water availability, nutrient cycling, and disturbance are discussed. Our main aim is to provide a guide to enable correct interpretation of model projections. The article also challenges modelers to improve the quality of information provided about their model assumptions. WIREs Clim Change 2011 2 332–355 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.108
Season and sex influences on botanical composition of cattle diets in southern New Mexico

We conducted a study in southern New Mexico to determine seasonal variation in botanical diet composition of cattle and to compare cow and steer diets. The climate and vegetation is typical of semidesert grassland. Fecal samples were obtained from a group of cows and steers during spring, summer, fall, 1989; winter and summer, 1990. Results showed that cattle diets were highest in grass content during spring (57%), summer (78%), and winter (54%), while fortes comprised the highest proportion of cattle diets during the fall (47%). Shrubs were moderately important during winter (18%). Dropseeds (Sporobolus spp.), black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda [Torr.] Torr.), threeawn species (Aristida spp.), and leatherweed croton (Croton pottsii [Klotzch] Muell. Arg.) were key forage species for cattle. The importance of these species varied with season, availability, physiological stage, and presence of other species. Differences between cow and steer diets varied with season. The relative similarity ranged from 70% (fall) to 90% (summer). The lower fall similarity compared to that in the summer might be related to physiological variation or past differences in grazing experience between cows and steers. For practical purposes, steer diets might generally be used to represent cow diets, but caution should be exercised during periods of low forage quality.
Geographic location of a new venture and the likelihood of a venture capital investment

Based on 1182 dyads of German new ventures and venture capitalists involved in a financing round between 2002 and 2007, we examine the impact of spatial proximity on the likelihood of an investment. We find that with each triplication of journey time the relative likelihood of an investment decreases by one third. Venture development stage, the experience of the entrepreneurial team, knowledge-intensity of the industry and the investment volume moderate the relationship between journey time and the likelihood of an investment. Our results suggest that even in economies with a dense infrastructure like Germany regional equity gaps may exist.
Molecular Breeding and Variability Analysis of High Beta Carotene Introgressed BC1F2 Line of Maize

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the world‟s most important cereal crop of global importance after wheat. Versatile utility of corn as food and feed enhances the area under production and the productivity day by day (Netravati et al., 2013). Babu et al., (2012) opined that people in the developed countries also utilize maize for their fast food behaviour. The increasing interest for maize is also due its economic importance which provides industrial raw materials for starch, gluten, corn oil, corn syrup, sugar, corn meal and International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 4 (2017) pp. 270-287 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Research on transverse parametric vibration and fault diagnosis of multi-rope hoisting catenaries

According to application characteristics of the multi-rope friction hoisting catenaries, a linear transverse parametric vibration model of axially moving string was setup with fixed length and inhomogeneous boundary conditions. The Galerkin method was applied to discretize the dynamic governing equations. Using the Newmark method, the coupling coefficient second-order ODEs were solved. The parametric resonance vibrations of catenaries generated by tension variation along with forced boundary excitations were diagnosed with analytical and experimental validations. The transverse vibration amplitudes and frequencies of catenaries measured and analyzed by non-contact video gauge method were consistent with simulation outputs. The simulation outputs were based on practically measured parameters such as boundary displacement excitations and tension variations. The research results indicated that tension imbalance distributions of the catenaries could change their natural frequencies and result in transverse resonance under boundary harmonic displacement excitations. Therefore specific measures should be provided to maintain tension balance in multi-rope hoisting applications.
Centralized semi‐active control of post‐tensioned steel frames

Centralized semi‐active control is a technique for controlling the whole structure using one main computer. Centralized control systems introduce better control for relatively short to medium high structures where the response of any story cannot be separated from the adjacent ones. In this paper, two centralized control approaches are proposed for controlling the seismic response of post‐tensioned (PT) steel frames. The first approach, the stiffness control approach, aims to alter the stiffness of the PT frame so that it avoids large dynamic amplifications due to earthquake excitations. The second approach, deformation regulation control approach, aims at redistributing the demand/strength ratio in order to provide a more uniform distribution of deformations over the height of the structure. The two control approaches were assessed through simulations of the earthquake response of semi‐actively and passively controlled six‐story post‐tensioned steel frames. The results showed that the stiffness control approach is efficient in reducing the frame deformations and internal forces. The deformation regulation control approach was found to be efficient in reducing the frame displacements and generating a more uniform distribution of the inter‐story drifts. These results indicate that centralized semi‐active control can be used to improve the seismic performance of post‐tensioned steel frames. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single-Cell Sequencing in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis

Abstract Hematopoiesis is one of the best studied adult stem-cell systems, with a differentiation hierarchy progressing from immature hematopoietic stem cells to over 10 distinct mature cell types. Recent technological breakthroughs now make it possible to define transcriptional profiles in thousands of individual cells. Facilitated by the wealth of prior data on cell purification and analysis strategies, hematopoiesis has been one of the earliest experimental systems to which many of these new single-cell sequencing technologies have been applied. In this review, the authors focus on recent studies, which have shed light on heterogeneity within individual populations as well as the relationships between populations, and also attempt to characterize the differences between normal and disease/perturbed states.
Key Technologies in 5G: Network Architecture

To address the continuously increasing demand for high data rates, beside air interface technologies, there are requirements to introduce new and effective ways to design architecture of networks. This paper proposes several technologies which can be used as promising candidates to change the future of wireless communication architecture especially in Fifth generation (5G) wireless network. In this article, we discuss various promising cellular architectures such as full duplex communication, device-to-device communication, mobile femtocell, visible light communication and visualization in 5G.
Comparison of soil CO2 efflux rates in Larix leptolepis, Pinus densiflora and P. rigitaeda plantations in southern Korea

This study compared soil CO2 efflux rates in three adjacent coniferous plantations consisting of larch (Larix leptolepis Gordon), red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) and rigitaeda pine (P. rigitaeda: P. rigida Mill × P. taeda L.) species planted in the same year (1963). Soil CO2 efflux, litter fall carbon (C) and root decomposition rates were measured with soil environmental factors for two years. The mean annual soil CO2 efflux rates (g CO2 m −2 hour−1) were the highest in rigitaeda pine (0.30), followed by red pine (0.27) and larch (0.24) plantations. An exponential regression of the CO2 efflux rates against their corresponding soil temperatures showed a significant (P < 0.05) relationship (red pine R2 = 0.69; rigitaeda pine R2 = 0.67; larch R2 = 0.63). The soil CO2 efflux rates were negatively correlated with soil pH, but the soil water and soil organic C content were not significantly correlated with the CO2 efflux rates. Soil CO2-C efflux rates were correlated by litter fall C inputs in the larch and red pine plantations, and the decomposition rates of 5–10 mm diameter roots in the larch plantation. This result is useful in understanding potential responses of soil CO2 efflux rates with changes in stand and soil environmental factors induced by different tree species.
Parametric instabilities and localization of nonlinearly coupled electromagnetic modes in astrophysical dusty plasmas

The nonlinear coupling between the Alfvén–Rao (AR) and dust–Alfvén (DA) modes in a uniform magnetized dusty plasma is considered. For this purpose, multi-fluid equations (composed of the continuity and momentum equations), the laws of Faraday and Ampère and the quasi-neutrality condition are adopted to derive a set of equations, which show how the fields of the modes are nonlinearly coupled. The equations are then used to investigate decay and modulational instabilities in magnetized dusty plasmas. Stationary nonlinear solutions of the coupled AR and DA equations are presented. The relevance of the investigation to nonlinear phenomena (instabilities and localized structures) in interstellar molecular clouds is also discussed.
Kinetics of Oxidative Depolymerization of κ-carrageenan by Ozone

Depolymerization kinetics of κ-carrageenan by ozone treatment has been studied at various pHs and times. The purified κ-carrageenan with the initial molecular weight of 271 kDa was dispersed in water to form (1 % w/v) solution. Ozone with 80±2 ppm concentration and constant flow rate of 3 L.min -1 was bubbled into the κ-carrageenan solution. The experiments were conducted at pH of 3, 7, and 10 at different times (5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes) of ozonation. The viscosity of the solution was measured using Ubbelohde capillary viscometer, which was then used to find the number-average molecular weight by Mark-Houwink equation. The number-average molecular weight data was treated using zero, first, and the second-order reaction kinetics model, to obtain the kinetics of κ-carrageenan depolymerization. The depolymerization is assumed to occur by random scission. The results show that the kinetics rate constant of κ-carrageenan depolymerization is higher at lower pHs. The second-order model is more suitable for describing the kinetics of depolymerization of κ-carrageenan by ozonation process. The rate constants for the second-order kinetics model are 5.45×10 -4 min -1 , 1.27×10 -4 min -1 , and 7.21×10 -5 min -1 for pH 3, 7, and 10, respectively. The actual values of reaction order under acid and alkali conditions are ranging from 1.88 to 1.90. Copyright © 2017 BCREC Group. All rights reserved. Received: 21 st November 2016; Revised: 27 th January 2017; Accepted: 18 th February 2017 How to Cite: Prasetyaningrum, A. , Ratnawati, R. , Jos, B. (2017). Kinetics of Oxidative Depolymerization of κ-carrageenan by Ozone. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis , 12 (2): 235-242 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.12.2.805.235-242) Permalink/DOI : http://dx.doi. org/10.9767/bcrec.12. 2.805. 235-242
NITROGEN IMPACT ON NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PHOSPHORUS AND ITS MAIN BIOINDICATOR: RESPONSE IN THE ROOTS AND LEAVES OF GREEN BEAN PLANTS

The objective of the present work was to determine the effect of different doses of nitrogen (N) on the nutritional status of phosphorus (P) in roots and leaves of green bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Strike), and also to examine the response of acid- phosphatase activity as the main bioindicator of P. Nitrogen was applied to the nutrient solution as NH 4 NO 3 and increasing doses of: N1 = 1.5 mM, N2 = 3.0 mM, N3 = 6.0 mM, N4 = 12.0 mM, N5 = 18.0 mM, and N6 = 24.0 mM of N were added. The results indicate that both deficient and toxic N doses were characterized by the lowest level of total, inorganic and organic phosphorus, as well as the highest activity of acid phosphatase; these effects are due to the direct influence between N and P levels. Treatment N4 presents the highest levels of the diverse fractions of P and the lowest activity of acid phosphatase. Additionally, it was found that the highest proportion of P in roots and leaves are in the forms of P-inorganic (Pi) and P-organic. These represented more than 65 % of total P, so it can be said that they represent the main forms of phosphorus in green bean plants. Finally, it should be noted that acid phosphatase activity was significantly correlated with Pi, which indicates that it can be used as a good indicator of the nutritional status of P in the roots and leaves of green bean plants.
Nonlinear Mechanooptical Transmittance Controlled by a Rotating TiO2 Thin Solid Film with Embedded Bimetallic Au-Pt Nanoparticles

The modification in the third-order nonlinear optical behavior exhibited by a titanium dioxide thin solid film with embedded Gold-Platinum nanoparticles was induced by nanosecond optical pulses. A Nd:YAG laser system was employed for the experiments explored by a vectorial two-wave mixing method with the sample in rotation. The nanostructures were prepared by a sol-gel technique. Transmission Electron Microscopy studies and ultraviolet-optical spectroscopy measurements were undertaken. The evolution of the optical transmittance exhibited by the sample in rotation controlled by a servomechanism was observed. Potential applications for developing mechanooptical functions based on third-order optical nonlinearities were contemplated.
Observational studies of the meteorological characteristics associated with poor air quality over the Pearl River Delta in China

The structure of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and its influence on regional air quality over the Pearl River Delta (PRD) were examined through two intensive observations in October 2004 and July 2006. Analytical results show the presence of two types of typical weather conditions associated with poor air quality over the PRD. The first is the warm period before a cold front (WPBCF) and the second is the subsidence period controlled by a tropical cyclone (SPCTC). Two typical low air quality situations, which are affected by WPBCF and SPCTC, and one high air quality situation were analysed in detail. Results showed that continuously low or calm ground winds resulted in the accumulation of pollutants, and sea-land breezes had an important role during low air quality conditions. Data on recirculation factors showed that recirculation was significant during low air quality conditions, and steady transportation occurred during high air quality conditions. The ventilation index and the 24 h average ventilation index during high air quality conditions were significantly higher than those during low air quality conditions. Deep and stable inversion layers inside the ABL remarkably affected low air quality. Surface and low-altitude inversions were usually observed during WPBCF, contrary to during SPCTC, during which only the low-altitude inversion appeared frequently.
Sexual Dimorphism in Body Shapes of the Three-Spotted Gourami, Trichogaster trichopterus (Pallas, 1770) of Lake Buluan, Mindanao, Philippines

This study was conducted to describe body shapes within and between male and female three- spotted Gourami, Trichogaster trichopterus (Pallas, 1770) collected from Lake Buluan in Mindanao, Philippines. Twenty landmarks from images of 100 individuals (50 per sex) were subjected to geometric morphometric analysis using relative warps. Variability in shape was summarized using thin-plate spline grids and kernel density plots. Deeper body depth, broader belly and bigger head region are exhibited by females. In contrast, males have narrower body depth and smaller head region. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and canonical variate analysis (CVA) of the relative warps scores showed significant sex differences in the body shapes of this fish species. Sexual dimorphism in body shapes is argued to support the idea of the differences in sexual and reproductive roles in the fish and adaptation for rapid movement and maneuverability.
Relationship of Sociodemographic Features, Clinical Symptoms and Functioning Level Among Bipolar Patients with Manic Episode and Difference Between These Variables According to Gender

Relationship of sociodemographic features, clinical symptoms and functioning level among bipolar patients with manic episode and difference between these variables according to gender Objective: We aimed to investigate the difference in socio-demographic features, clinical symptoms, functioning level and relationship between those variables according to gender among bipolar patients with manic episode. Methods: One hundred men and 100 women between ages 18 and 65, who met DSM-IV criteria for the lastepisode of mania in the course of bipolar disorder and required inpatient treatment were recruited. We excluded those who had comorbid mental disorders or history of alcohol and drug abuse or dependence. Patients were assessed by Socio-demographic Evaluation Questionnaire, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale, Bipolar Disorder Functioning Questionnaire and List for Evaluating Sleep, Libido and Eating Behaviors. Results: Marriage rate, presence of triggering life events, scores of subscale evaluating household relations were found significantly higher in women. Competence of working, libido and subscales evaluating sexual functioning, participation to social activities, hobbies and occupation were found significantly higher in men. Libido was decreasing with age in women, while it was stable in men. Age of onset for the disease in men was significantly related with their intellectual functioning subscale scores. Marriage was associated with lower scores of subscales evaluating participation to social activities, daily activities, hobbies and taking initiative, self sufficiency in women and feeling of stigma in men. Conclusions: As a result of the study, certain gender differences were found in socio-demographic features, clinic symptoms, disease severity and functioning of bipolar patients with manic episode. Those differences
Evaluating diversity among Kenyan sweet potato genotypes using morphological and SSR markers

Genetic diversity of 89 sweet potato genotypes was evaluated using morphological and molecular markers. Eighteen aerial and sixteen storage root characters were used in the morphological characterization. Analysis of variance showed that all the characters evaluated were significantly different (P<0.01) between the genotypes. The dendrogram obtained using phenotypic characters separated the genotypes into two major clusters with a Euclidean distance ranging from 0.0 to 6.98. Twenty three unique alleles, ranging from 3 to 6 per locus were detected using six simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. Cluster analysis showed a Jaccard co-efficient ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 indicating high genetic diversity. Comparison between morphological and molecular data using the mantel test revealed a low correlation (r = -0.05) between the two data sets. Despite the poor correlation both techniques showed a high degree of variation among the genotypes suggesting great genetic diversity in Kenyan sweet potato genotypes that can be utilized in breeding programs. © 2010 Friends Science Publishers