Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the fungal, archaeal and bacteriophage diversity in the human distal gut

The composition and role of bacteria in the human gut has been studied intensely and is a burgeoning field of scientific research. However, there is a relative lack of research on other microorganisms which compose our gut flora such as bacteriophage, archaea and fungi. The aim of our study was to begin to fill this gap. The archaeal, fungal and bacteriophage diversity in the gut was analyzed using a PCR-DGGE fingerprinting method on fecal samples from 3 healthy donors. These samples were inoculated into chemostats and the microbes were grown in continuous culture to model the interactions of our flora in vitro. Norepinephrine was also added to the chemostats to test the microbial community’s reaction to stress. Here we report that, relative to bacteria, fungal and archaeal diversity in the gut is low. The archaeal populations seemed stable over time varied depending on the individual. Fungal populations were more variable over time and changes in the community structure were observed after the addition of norepinephrine. DNA sequence analysis confirmed the presence of fungal species that are not yet cultured, yet are residents of the gut. Species of Podophage can also be detected as residents of the gut based on sequence analysis. It is clear that there is a core set of archaeal and fungal species living as residents in the gut. Bacteriophage are also present but their ecological role and effect on the microbial community in the gut is unknown.
Interaction Design Based on Augmented Reality Technologies for English Vocabulary Learning

In this paper, we present the Augmented Reality English Vocabulary Learning System (AREVLS) with immersive English Vocabulary learning. AREVLS consists of two components: (1) Magic Book, and (2) Card Matching System. Moreover, we use Heuristic Evaluation and System Usability Scale (SUS) to make a questionnaire for English teachers in elementary schools as well as kindergartens. The research results show that the SUS has positive usability and participants enjoy the interaction with it. From the Heuristic Evaluation, the disadvantages of AREVLS are acquired, and the experts provide some feedback for further improving the system.
Metallic mineralization associated with pillow basalts in the Yaeyama Central Graben, Southern Okinawa Trough, Japan

Mineralogically investigated were massive sulfide samples of chimneys and mounds collected during the "SHINKAI 6500" dives (Dive 562 and Dive 567) from two basalt-hosted hydrothermal ore deposits, being at a short distance of about 1 km, occurring in the eastern end of the Yaeyama Central Graben, the Southern Okinawa Trough. In both sample series (#562- and #567- series), ore minerals are dominated by low-iron sphalerite with small amounts of chalcopyrite and galena. Sphalerite in the #567-series samples shows somewhat wide compositional variation, ranging from 0.4 to 3.8 mole%FeS, with the highest mode of about 1 to 2 mole%FeS. Significant amounts of pyrite and secondary marcasite are pres- ent in the #562-series samples with subordinate bornite, while in the #567-series samples, they are lacking, but instead tetra- hedrite-tennantite series with atomic ratios of Sb/(Sb+As) being 0.2 to 0.8 is abundant and contains Ag up to 0.7wt% with mostly less than 0.5 wt%. Neither pyrrhotite nor isocubanite is encountered in the two sample series. Microthermometries of two-phase (liquid + gas) fluid inclusions trapped in calcite (#567-series) have revealed the following results: homogenization temperatures (not corrected for pressure) of 242 to 317 °C and salinities of 5.1 to 7.6 wt. %NaCl equiv. , being a little more saline than the seawater. The observed mineral assemblages and sphalerite compositions obtained for the Yaeyama Central Graben deposits lead us to indicate that the basalt-hosted mineralizations might have occurred under rather higher sulfidation state. From the mineral associations observed, it is also indicated that both hydrothermal deposits are characterized by a met al association of essentially Zn-Pb-Cu. The mineral assemblages and ore textures observed are similar to those of the Kuroko deposits rather than the Besshi-type deposits, as well as their metal association (Cu-Pb-Zn).
REVERSES OF ANDO AND DAVIS–CHOI INEQUALITY

Reverse Ando’s inequalities for positive linear maps are deduced. A difference reverse inequality is proven for solidarities one of which is of a special type that includes connections. A quotient reverse inequality (or an operator reverse Hölder inequality) for connections and for the special type of solidarities that includes connections is given. As an application an operator reverse of Hölder’s inequality for the general weighted power mean is given in a difference and a quotient form. An analogous inequality in a difference form for the relative operator entropy is directly proven. An another type of reverse inequalities is given for Ando’s and Davis-Choi’s inequality. The estimations in this case are expressed using a kind of variation of involved family of operators. Mathematics subject classification (2010): 47A63, 47A64.
Comparison of simulated and reconstructed variations in East African hydroclimate over the last millennium

Abstract. The multi-decadal to centennial hydroclimate changes in East Africa over the last millennium are studied by comparing the results of forced transient simulations by six general circulation models (GCMs) with published hydroclimate reconstructions from four lakes: Challa and Naivasha in equatorial East Africa, and Masoko and Malawi in southeastern inter-tropical Africa. All GCMs simulate fairly well the unimodal seasonal cycle of precipitation in the Masoko–Malawi region, while the bimodal seasonal cycle characterizing the Challa–Naivasha region is generally less well captured by most models. Model results and lake-based hydroclimate reconstructions display very different temporal patterns over the last millennium. Additionally, there is no common signal among the model time series, at least until 1850. This suggests that simulated hydroclimate fluctuations are mostly driven by internal variability rather than by common external forcing. After 1850, half of the models simulate a relatively clear response to forcing, but this response is different between the models. Overall, the link between precipitation and tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs) over the pre-industrial portion of the last millennium is stronger and more robust for the Challa–Naivasha region than for the Masoko–Malawi region. At the inter-annual timescale, last-millennium Challa–Naivasha precipitation is positively (negatively) correlated with western (eastern) Indian Ocean SST, while the influence of the Pacific Ocean appears weak and unclear. Although most often not significant, the same pattern of correlations between East African rainfall and the Indian Ocean SST is still visible when using the last-millennium time series smoothed to highlight centennial variability, but only in fixed-forcing simulations. This means that, at the centennial timescale, the effect of (natural) climate forcing can mask the imprint of internal climate variability in large-scale teleconnections.
Parents Health and Social Life Matter for Self-Esteem of Child Orphans

Orphaned children face several socio-economic challenges and psychological problems. They are exposed to low self-esteem that in turn leads to face difficulties of maintaining quality of life. This study is aimed to assess risk factors that may affect self-esteem status of orphans. A cross sectional study was conducted on orphans aged 5-18 years old at a local district Kacha-Birra, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Regional State of Ethiopia. From a total of 3270 orphans in the district, 508 were selected using stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected with a designed questionnaire based on the Rosenberg’s rating scales to measure their self-esteem levels. Self-esteem with a score less than or equal to average score was determined to be low. Binary logistic regression model was employed to analyze the data. The results of the study revealed that prevalence of low self-esteem among the child orphans was 57.3%. Several risk factors were found to be significant at 5% significance level. Increased risk to low self-esteem was due to: parent not living together before death, weak relationship between parents before death, low average monthly income, death of both parents, death due to AIDS, change in home circumstance for orphan, lack of love-care-support from care givers, stigma and discrimination. There are many orphans with low self-esteem in the study area. The factors negatively affecting self-esteem of the orphans mainly include the unhealthy social life of parents. Parents should be aware about the consequences of decisions they make about their health and social life on their children’s future self-esteem.
Euro Exchange Rate Forecasting with Differential Neural Networks with an Extended Tracking Procedure

This paper is aimed at developing a new kind of non-parametrical artificial neural network useful to forecast exchange rates. To do this, we departure from the so-called Differential or Dynamic neural Networks (DNN) and extend the tracking procedure. Under this approach, we examine the daily closing values of the exchange rates of the Euro against the US dollar, the Japanese yen and the British pound. With our proposal, Extended DNN or EDNN, we perform the tracking procedure from February 15, 1999, to August 31, 2013, and, subsequently, the forecasting procedure from September 2 to September 13, 2013. The accuracy of the obtained results is remarkable, since the percentage of the error in the predicted values is within the range from 0.001% to 0.69% in the forecasting period.
Salivary gland structure of Ctenarytaina eucalypti (MASKELL, 1890) (Hemiptera) and phloem exudate in Eucalyptus globulus LABILLARDIÈRE, 1799 (Myrtaceae)

Abstract The structure of the salivary glands of the free-living aphalarid Ctenarytaina eucalypti, which infests multiple species of Eucalyptus in Australasia and has been introduced into many other regions of the world, is described and illustrated. The principal salivary gland is multilobed whereas the accessory gland is tubular. 1-D electrophoresis revealed proteins of approximately 58 and 64 kDa in the salivary gland extracts and proteins of similar molecular weights in the extracted plant exudates, including phloem, from infested leaves and tender shoots of E. globulus. Proteins that could fall within this range include, but are not limited to, glucosemethanol- choline-oxidoreductase (53-66 kDa), Zn-binding dehydrogenase (67 kDa) and esterase (65-96 kDa), in addition to cytochrome P-450 (50-55 kDa), trehalase (56 kDa), amylase (50-75 kDa) and lipase (48-52 kDa). Previous studies indicate that glucose-methanol-cholineoxidoreductase, Zn-binding dehydrogenase, cytochrome P-450 and trehalase suppress plantdefence mechanisms, whereas the cell-degrading enzymes such as amylase, lipase and esterase have a possible role in enabling C. eucalypti to insert its stylet into leaf and shoot tissues of E. globulus.
UNILATERAL OVARIAN DRILLING IN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME, DOES IT WORK?

Objective: To evaluate the effect of unilateral and bilateral ovarian drilling by clcctrocautary in PCOS patients who failed to ovulatc by medical therapy. Design: A prospective randomized clinical study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and fcrlilily care unit, faculty of medicine; Mansoura University Hospital, from January 2003 to December 2006. Participants: Eighly-scvcn patients with failure of ovulation as a result of polycyslic ovarian syndrome were randomly allocated to cither unilateral (Group A= 43 patients ) or bilateral (Group B= 44 patients ) laparoscopic ovarian drilling by clcctrocautary Outcome measures: The mean prclrcatmcnl and posttreatment FSH, LH, and testosterone concentrations were the primary outcome. Ovulation, pregnancy, miscarriage rates during one year of follow up period were the secondary outcome. Results: The average lime for unilateral ovarian drilling was shorter than bilateral drilling. In patients who ovulatc tiller drilling, there was a significant fall in scrum LH concentration (Group A: P<0.05 , Group B: P<0.05). Ovulation. pregnancy and the miscarriage rates were nearly the same in both groups. Conclusion: Unilateral Ovarian Drilling in PCOS was effective, less time consuming and probably associated with less complications.
Mutually injecting semiconductor lasers: simulations for short and zero delay

Distant lasers with mutual optical injection are subject to a delayed coupling. We consider the barely investigated case of delays shorter than the relaxation oscillation period. In order to illuminate the role of these short delays, the ultimate zero-delay limit is considered as a reference. We use a traveling wave equation model, which fully resolves the spatio-temporal distributions of optical fields and carriers in the lasers and treats the wave propagation between the lasers by delayed boundary conditions. Wavelength detuning between the otherwise identical single-mode DFB lasers is used as primary bifurcation parameter. The zero-delay reference exhibits a synchronisation scenario typical for coupled oscillators. The nonsynchronised regimes represents a self-pulsation of the nonlinear carrier-photon system. Additional effects appear when including a short delay. Resonances of the cavity formed by the laser pair cause a staircase dependence on detuning of the pulsation frequency. Irregular dynamics is observed at the borders of the locked regions as well as at the edges of the stairs.
Spreadsheets in Education (eJSiE)

Using spreadsheets, students could perform probability experiments, illustrate the outcomes, experience, understand, and represent mathematics with motivation in an inspirational manner. Although GeoGebra Dynamic Software has been mostly used with geometry and algebra explorations, its recently improved statistics feature in Version 4 provides students and teachers with more opportunities for probability and statistics investigations. The lesson presented in this article emphasizes the use of spreadsheets to record the outcomes of probability experiments as a method for delivering mathematical ideas, which support the teaching of sampling with / without replacement in the context of urn problem.
Resistance of Saccharine Sorghum Cultivars to Sugarcane Borer Diatraea saccharalis

The saccharine sorghum has been investigated as a complementary source of raw material for ethanol production, especially during the sugarcane off-season, however, it has been susceptible to the attack of the sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis. The objective of this work was to verify the effect of sorghum cultivars on D. saccharalis’ biological parameters. Cultivars, BRS 506, BRS 509 and BRS 511 were used to determine duration and survival rates of eggs, larvae, pre-pupae and pupa phases, along with larval weight and adult longevity. D. saccharalis completed its biological cycle in all treatments, however, when fed with dry extracts of BRS 509 cultivar, the net reproduction rate, the intrinsic rate of increase and the finite rate of increase was superior from the others. BRS 506 was the cultivar that negatively affected D. saccharalis’ biological parameters, with possible antibiosis effect. Based on this study, the sorghum cultivars evaluated are not recommended for a grain production system, since D. saccharalis’ larvae presented good development when fed with its dry extract incorporated into the diet.
HIV/AIDS Vaccine Design and Strategies

Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome or AIDS was first recognized in the early 1980’s. Although, with the use of antiretroviral medication, the life expectancy of an HIV infected patient can be elongated temporarily, but there is neither a known cure nor a vaccine for AIDS. This paper reviews the approaches undertaken in developing a preventive mechanism against HIV. Animal models were selected for HIV-1 vaccine development and strategies were developed where isolates of HIV-1 were taken from patients and injected in chimpanzees, but these failed to prove as a hope. Subsequently epitope driven vaccines that target the global variability of HIV was introduced. To serve this purpose computer driven methods for increasing the efficiency of vaccines like Epi-Assembler and Vaccine CAD were developed. Inducing production of broadly reactive and neutralizing antibodies could also potentially counteract HIV-1 diversity. HIV-1 Virus like Particles (VLPs) consists of viral gag proteins that self-assemble into particular structures analogous in size and morphology to immature HIV-1 particles. As a non-infectious, replication - deficient particles, the VLPs are much safer compared to traditional vaccines.
Biotransformation of Lablab purpureus during the germination process

Some changes in Lablab purpureus (dolicho) during the germination process were studied to improve its chemical composition. Three experiments were conducted and grains germinated for 96 h under different light conditions: 1 (12-h light intervals), 2 (total light) and 3 (total darkness). A one-way classification design was applied to each experiment, with four repetitions. The treatments were: 1 control (unprocessed grain), 2 (grain soaked for 6 h + 24-h germination), 3 (soaked grain + 48-h germination), 4 (soaked grain + 72-h germination) and 5 (soaked grain + 96-h germination). As the germination process moved forward, there was an increase in the weight of the germinated grains, the root longitude and the percentage of the germinated grains in the different germination assays. In all the experiments, the percentage of the germinated grains was stabilized from 72 h on. The variant of conducting the germination process under the condition of total darkness had the superior transformations, with increases in CP (30.08 vs. 26.67 %), TP (21.37 vs. 19.76 %), ADF (16.37 vs. 14.42 %) and cellulose (14.67 vs. 11.23 %), compared to the control without germination. The profile of the mineral elements showed that ash and K increased with the germination time in the three germination variants. The rest of the minerals, except phosphorous that decreased in total darkness and light, did not vary significantly. The results indicated that the procedure applied in the germination is feasible for obtaining new products in Lablab purpureus. Modifications during germination imply changes on the physico-chemical properties of this legume. Therefore, it can be considered as an effective and promising method as it enhances the function and the quality of the product. Although 72 h are enough for germination percentages superior to 80 %, germination under total darkness conditions and for 96 h is recommended for guaranteeing the bromatological quality of the product. Key words: legumes, germination, bromatology, dolicho.
Selected Research Dealing with Attitudinal Studies in Science Education

The importance of Science education is increasing ali över thc world. One of the main objeclivcs of Science education is to ıııake scientifically literate students or citizens rather ıhan scientists. Despitc this, Science courses in schools tend to lose the students’ interest. Many studies reveal that students' negative or posilive feelings about Science are related to their attiludes toward Science. There are different factors slıaping their attitudes. To understand and nıeasure students' attitudes toward Science, and in some cases, tovvard Science teaching, researchers have so far devcloped numerous instrunıcnts. Studies have revealed tlıat students’ positive attitudes toward Science begin to decrease froııı 5Ilı grade to the upper grades, and this situation affects their achievenıents in Science and their understanding of scientifıc concepts. In this contezt, elenıentary Science, the other subject teachers, the school curriculum and environment play majör roles in influencing students' attitudes toward Science.
Lorentz-violating quantum electrodynamics in two-dimensional aether-superspace

The two-dimensional aether-superspace is constructed and the superfield techniques are applied to the study of the dynamical generation of mass in the Lorentz-violating supersymmetric quantum electrodynamics in two dimensions of spacetime. It is shown that such model presents a dynamical generation of mass for the gauge aether-superfield and its dispersion relation has a structure similar to that of the CPT-even Lorentz-breaking models.
Calculation and use of the Pedoclimatic Index (PCI) in the estimation and modelling of wheat production depending on the Technological Processes Intensity (TPI) in Romania.

The Pedoclimatic Index (PCI) calculated by us is the product between the Aridity Index (AR) and the soil fertility status expressed through number of creditworthiness points (CWS – Creditworthiness of Soil): PCI = AR x CWS . Was used AR calculated after UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) instead of the older De Martonne index. Determinations were performed in 6 different pedoclimatic areas, in which PCI has varied from 12 to 47. Taking into account that AR varies between 0,20 and 1,00 in Romania, while CWS is between 0 and 100, theoretically PCI can range in the interval 0-100 and practically from 10 to 50. For each PCI was calculated the wheat production according to the Technological Processes Intensity (TPI), Creditworthiness (CWS), them also with marks from 1 to 10, and the wheat production pattern was made based on the two parameters. It appears that at a very reduced and reduced index of the technological processes (TPI between 1-4) the wheat yields level is very slightly influenced by the pedoclimatic quality of the culture area. In the areals of culture with PCI below 15 the production can’t reach 30 q/ha, irrespective of the quality of technological processes. At PCI of over 40 the production achieves 60 q/ha if there are applied superior technologies and if the working capital is optimum used. At PCI between 30 and 40 the maximum yield that can be reached in conditions of highest technical and qualitative value of production slightly exceeds 50 q/ha. All these models and nomograms are useful to agricultural management in order to estimate the production, but also for her optimization.