Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discordance between physician and patient self-rated health and all-cause mortality.

BACKGROUND Self-assessments of health are a strong predictor of mortality. Whether self-assessment of health provides additional information beyond a physician's assessment is unclear. METHODS We analyzed data on 14,530 US adults from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. General self-rated health (GSRH)-"In general, would you say your health is Excellent, Very Good, Good, Fair, or Poor? "-and a single question to physician examiners following a medical examination rating participants' health, both on a 5-point scale of Excellent, Very Good, Good, Fair, or Poor were assessed for the period 1988-1994. All-cause mortality was assessed through December 31, 2006 (n = 3,460 deaths). RESULTS Agreement between participant GSRH and physician-assessed health was 53.8% (42.1% Excellent/Very Good, 8.7% Good, and 3.0% Fair/Poor; weighted Kappa statistic = 0.20). After adjustment, participants who reported better GSRH compared to the physician assessment of their health experienced lower mortality (hazard ratio = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.66-0.87). Also, participants reporting worse health than the physician assessment experienced higher mortality (hazard ratio = 1.45, 95% CI 1.24-1.70). CONCLUSIONS Individuals who reported worse health than was assessed by a physician had increased mortality. These results warrant evaluation of whether GSRH collection in the clinical setting improves outcomes.
The Influence of Operating Mode on Rotor Losses in High-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor/Generator for Micro-Gas Turbine

In high-speed PM machines, rotor losses form a larger proportion of the total losses than usual in conventional low speed machines. An optimum design of permanent magnet machines requires the accurate prediction for these rotor losses. On the basis of analytical field analysis and 2-D finite element analysis (FEA), this paper deals with the rotor losses. Specifically, the influence of operating mode on rotor losses in high-speed PM synchronous motor/generator is represented. The prototype machine has been fabricated and tested. The difference of the rotor losses between the motoring mode and generating mode is quantitatively made clear in this work.
Geometric accommodation between the dimensions of erythrocytes and the calibre of heart and muscle capillaries in the rat.

The finer and more closely arrayed the capillaries are, the more efficiently oxygen will be transported to tissue because the same blood volume has greater contact area with the tissue and the diffusion distance for the oxygen is minimized. If these principles are actually governing microvascular structure, then the finest capillaries will be the narrowest channels which circulating erythrocytes can transit. Ascertaining the existence of this geometric limit requires quantitative data of demonstrated reliability on erythrocyte geometry and on capillary diameters. The study was done on Wistar rats. Constant flow perfusion of skeletal and cardiac muscle by a modified Batson's compound for anatomical casting made available rigid three‐dimensional replicas of the microvasculature which shrank less than 1% when the tissue was digested with potassium hydroxide. Measurements of individual capillaries were made on high contrast scanning electron micrographs of the casts. Measurements on individual rat erythrocytes were done on photomicrographs of cells on edge. Reliability of these data was tested in three ways. First, repeatability of the tracing of the cell outline was tested by processing a duplicate set of photomicrographs. Secondly, correlations of the various parameters were found. Thirdly, results from other techniques of measuring erythrocytes were examined for areas of agreement and also for causes of possible error for areas in dispute. Because of known variability in erythrocyte sizes and shapes between species and between individuals within a species, we compared the data on erythrocyte geometry and capillary diameters for samples taken from the same individual rat. The data revealed a very positive indication that the lowest range of capillary diameters were at the limits of deformation of the circulating erythrocytes. Ninety‐five per cent of the erythrocytes sampled could pass through a channel 2.9 micron in diameter. A small number of the capillaries measured were narrower than this limit. The data on erythrocytes and capillaries were compared for six rats. The limiting diameter for passage of erythrocytes was remarkably uniform for all six animals.
BIS-CATTLE: A Web Server for Breed Identification using Microsatellite DNA Markers

Domestic cow, Bos taurus is one of the important species selected by humans for various traits, viz. milk yield, meat quality, draft ability, resistance to disease and pests and social and religious reasons. Since cattle domestication from Neolithic (8,000-10,000 years ago) today the population has reached 1.5 billion and further it’s likely to be 2.6 billion by 2050. High magnitude of numbers, breed management, market need of traceability of breed product, conservation prioritization and IPR issues due to germplasm flow/exchange, has created a critical need for accurate and rapid breed identification. Since ages the defined breed descriptors has been used in identification of breed but due to lack of phenotypic description especially in ova, semen, embryos and breed products molecular approach is indispensable. Further the degree of admixture and non-descript animals characterization, needs of molecular approach is imperative. Till date breed identification methods based on molecular data analysis has great limitations like lack of reference data availability and need of computational expertise. To overcome these challenges we developed a web server for maintaining reference data and facility for breed identification. The reference data used for developing prediction model were obtained from8 cattle breeds and 18 microsatellite DNA markers yielding 18000 allele data. In this study various algorithms were used for reducing number of loci or for identification of important loci. Minimization up to 5 loci was achieved using memory-based learning algorithm without compromising with accuracy of 95%. This model approach and methodology can play immense role in all domestic animal species across globe in breed identification and conservation programme. This can also be modelled even for all flora and fauna to identify their respective variety or breed needed in germplasm management.
How Isometric Are the Medial Patellofemoral, Superficial Medial Collateral, and Lateral Collateral Ligaments of the Knee?

Background Ligament isometry is a cornerstone in the description of normal knee function and thorough knowledge is mandatory for successful repair of torn ligaments. Purpose This study was undertaken to validate a novel experimental model for the study of ligament strains and to determine the length changes in the superficial medial collateral, lateral collateral, and medial patellofemoral ligaments. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Methods Passive motions and loaded squats of 12 cadaveric specimens were performed while controlling ankle load and optically tracking the motion of the bones. Preexperiment and postexperiment computed axial tomography scans allow the transformation of rigid body motion to relative motion of relevant anatomic landmarks on the femur, tibia, and patella. Results The superficial medial collateral ligament is a near-isometric ligament with a strain of less than 2%. The ligament is a little more slack in midflexion (30° to 50°) and in deep flexion, but length changes are not significant (P > .05). The lateral collateral ligament behaves near isometric (<2% strain) from 0° to 70° of knee flexion. Cartilage compression in a loaded environment relieves tension from the collateral ligaments (P < .05). The medial patellofemoral ligament is nonisometric. The cranial part of the medial patellofemoral ligament is most taut at full extension, while the caudal part is most taut at 30° of knee flexion. Conclusion Ligament insertion sites on the femur, patella, and fibula can be derived from computed axial tomography scans. The described model allows the study of dynamic ligament behavior. The superficial medial collateral ligament is a near-isometric ligament with no significant length changes. The medial patellofemoral ligament behaves differently in its cranial and caudal parts. Clinical Relevance In knees with chronic medial collateral ligament insufficiency, isometric repair of the superficial medial collateral ligament can be attempted. A medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction with a double fixation on the medial patellar border is supported. The cranial bundle should be tightened at full extension and the caudal bundle at 30° of knee flexion.
Changes in the sub‐decadal covariability between Northern Hemisphere snow cover and the general circulation of the atmosphere

Details of the sub‐decadal covariability relationship between continental snow cover extent anomalies and the dominant mode of atmospheric variability, referred to as the Arctic oscillation (AO) or North Atlantic oscillation (NAO), for the period 1971–2001 are explored. On the seasonal time scale, the winter AO is found to be significantly correlated with the preceding autumn Eurasian snow cover (SNCEUR) throughout the period observed. Consistent with this finding, SNCEUR variability led the AO variability on the sub‐decadal time scale in the early half of the record. However, starting in the mid 1980s, the AO and SNCEUR vary in phase. Analyses of the seasonal relationship and persistence of snow and atmospheric variables illustrate a phase shift in the sub‐decadal variability between the AO and SNCEUR due to the loss of autumn–winter SNCEUR autocorrelation replaced by a significant winter–spring persistence and the emergence of a concurrent SNCEUR–AO connection in winter and spring. Similar analysis shows that the sub‐decadal NAO variation is mostly described by the fluctuation in summer North American snow cover. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society
Decay resistance and physical properties of oil heat treated aspen wood

The decay resistance of oil-heat treated aspen wood (Populus tremula l.) against white rot fungi (Coriolus versicolor) and brown rot fungi (Coniophora puteana) was investigated. Three different temperature stages and two time levels for oil heat treatment for the selection of optimum conditions were determined. Linseed oil as a heating medium was used. The mass loss of treated samples that were exposed to both fungi was significantly lower than that of the control samples. Results also showed improvement in dimensional stability after oil heat treatment. Decay resistance and dimensional stability of aspen wood were increased significantly with temperature increasing, but time seemed to have no effect on those properties. Oil heat treatment is a suitable method to improve decay resistance of aspen wood as it reduced the mass loss by 71% and 77% against Coriolus versicolor and Coniophora puteana compared with control samples, respectively. On the other hand, oil heat treatment improved the dimensional stability by about 20.5%.
Effects of ethanol on immune response in the brain: region-specific changes in adolescent versus adult mice.

BACKGROUND Alcohol use occurs across the life span beginning in adolescence and continuing through adulthood. Ethanol (EtOH)-induced pathology varies with age and includes changes in neurogenesis, neurodegeneration, and glial cell activation. EtOH-induced changes in glial activation and immune activity are believed to contribute to EtOH-induced neuropathology. Recent studies indicate an emerging role of glial-derived neuroimmune molecules in alcohol abuse and addiction. METHODS Adolescent and adult C57BL/6 mice were treated via gavage with 6 g/kg EtOH for 10 days, and tissue was harvested 1 day post treatment. We compared the effects of EtOH on chemokine and cytokine expression and astrocyte glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostaining and morphology in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex. RESULTS EtOH increased mRNA levels of the chemokine CCL2/MCP-1 in all 3 regions of adult mice relative to controls. The cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) was selectively increased only in the adult cerebellum. EtOH did not affect mRNA levels of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in any of these brain regions in adult animals. Interestingly, CCL2, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA levels were not increased in the hippocampus, cerebellum, or cortex of adolescent mice. EtOH treatment of adult and adolescent mice resulted in increased GFAP immunostaining. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data indicate an age- and region-specific susceptibility to EtOH regulation of neuroinflammatory and addiction-related molecules as well as astrocyte phenotype. These studies may have important implications concerning differential alcohol-induced neuropathology and alcohol addiction across the life span.
Geometrical Formulation of 3-D Space-Time Finite Integration Method

A geometrical formulation of a space-time finite-integration (FI) method is studied for application in electromagnetic-wave propagation calculations. Based on the Hodge duality and Lorentzian metric, a modified relation is derived between the incidence matrices of space-time primal and dual grids. A systematic method to construct the Maxwell grid equations on the space-time primal and dual grids is developed. The geometrical formulation is implemented on a simple space-time grid, which is proven equivalent to an explicit time-marching scheme of the space-time FI method.
Exchanges in complex networks: income and wealth distributions

We investigate the wealth evolution in a system of agents that exchange wealth through a disordered network in presence of an additive stochastic Gaussian noise. We show that the resulting wealth distribution is shaped by the degree distribution of the underlying network and in particular we verify that scale free networks generate distributions with power-law tails in the high-income region. Numerical simulations of wealth exchanges performed on two different kind of networks show the inner relation between the wealth distribution and the network properties and confirm the agreement with a self-consistent solution. We show that empirical data for the income distribution in Australia are qualitatively well described by our theoretical predictions.
A Cyber Science Based Ontology for Artificial General Intelligence Containment

The development of artificial general intelligence is considered by many to be inevitable. What such intelligence does after becoming aware is not so certain. To that end, research suggests that the likelihood of artificial general intelligence becoming hostile to humans is significant enough to warrant inquiry into methods to limit such potential. Thus, containment of artificial general intelligence is a timely and meaningful research topic. While there is limited research exploring possible containment strategies, such work is bounded by the underlying field the strategies draw upon. Accordingly, we set out to construct an ontology to describe necessary elements in any future containment technology. Using existing academic literature, we developed a single domain ontology containing five levels, 32 codes, and 32 associated descriptors. Further, we constructed ontology diagrams to demonstrate intended relationships. We then identified humans, AGI, and the cyber world as novel agent objects necessary for future containment activities. Collectively, the work addresses three critical gaps: (a) identifying and arranging fundamental constructs; (b) situating AGI containment within cyber science; and (c) developing scientific rigor within the field.
Comparative modeling of the three‐dimensional structures of family 3 glycoside hydrolases

There are approximately 100 known members of the family 3 group of glycoside hydrolases, most of which are classified as β‐glucosidases and originate from microorganisms. The only family 3 glycoside hydrolase for which a three‐dimensional structure is available is a β‐glucan exohydrolase from barley. The structural coordinates of the barley enzyme is used here to model representatives from distinct phylogenetic clusters within the family. The majority of family 3 hydrolases have an NH2‐terminal (α/β)8 barrel connected by a short linker to a second domain, which adopts an (α/β)6 sandwich fold. In two bacterial β‐glucosidases, the order of the domains is reversed. The catalytic nucleophile, equivalent to D285 of the barley β‐glucan exohydrolase, is absolutely conserved across the family. It is located on domain 1, in a shallow site pocket near the interface of the domains. The likely catalytic acid in the barley enzyme, E491, is on domain 2. Although similarly positioned acidic residues are present in closely related members of the family, the equivalent amino acid in more distantly related members is either too far from the active site or absent. In the latter cases, the role of catalytic acid is probably assumed by other acidic amino acids from domain 1. Proteins 2000;41:257–269. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calpain‐mediated proteolysis of microtubule‐associated protein 2 (MAP‐2) is inhibited by phosphorylation by cAMP‐dependent protein kinase, but not by Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II

The effects of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (cAMP‐PK) and Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) phosphorylation on the calpain‐mediated degradation of microtubule‐associated protein 2 (MAP‐2) were studied. Both cAMP‐PK and CaMKII readily phosphorylated MAP‐2. However, cAMP‐PK phosphorylated MAP‐2 to a significantly greater extent than did CaMKII (4.5 mol 32P/mol MAP‐2 and 1.4 mol 32P/mol MAP‐2, respectively). Phosphorylation of MAP‐2 by cAMP‐PK, but not by CaMKII, significantly inhibited the calpain‐induced hydrolysis of MAP‐2. These results demonstrate that the phosphorylation of sites on the MAP‐2 molecule accessible to cAMP‐PK, but not to CaMKII, result in increased resistance to calpain proteolysis. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of tabtoxin production by the lemA gene in Pseudomonas syringae

Pseudomonas syringae pv. coronafaciens, a pathogen of oats, was mutagenized with Tn5 to generate mutants defective in tabtoxin production. From a screen of 3,400 kanamycin-resistant transconjugants, seven independent mutants that do not produce tabtoxin (Tox-) were isolated. Although the Tn5 insertions within these seven mutants were linked, they were not located in the previously described tabtoxin biosynthetic region of P. syringae. Instead, all of the insertions were within the P. syringae pv. coronafaciens lemA gene. The lemA gene is required by strains of P. syringae pv. syringae for pathogenicity on bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris). In contrast to the phenotype of a P. syringae pv. syringae lemA mutant, the Tox- mutants of P. syringae pv. coronafaciens were still able to produce necrotic lesions on oat plants (Avena sativa), although without the chlorosis associated with tabtoxin production. Northern (RNA) hybridization experiments indicated that a functional lemA gene was required for the detection of a transcript produced from the tblA locus located in the tabtoxin biosynthetic region. Marker exchange mutagenesis of the tblA locus resulted in loss of tabtoxin production. Therefore, both the tblA and lemA genes are required for tabtoxin biosynthesis, and the regulation of tabtoxin production by lemA probably occurs at the transcriptional level.
Using Shape and Layout Information to Find Signatures, Text, and Graphics

The decomposition of a page image into text and various types of nontext elements is a challenging problem important in document analysis problems such as optical character recognition, storage and retrieval, and identification of the sender and recipient of a FAX. A fast classifier based on a skeletonization of the image attempts to classify groups of related line segments as text, ruling lines, signatures, other line art, or miscellaneous items. Then everything classified as text is processed by Baird's language-free layout analysis system so that a postprocessor can use the geometric layout to refine decisions about what is text and what is nontext. This could then be further processed to identify complex objects such as tables, signature blocks, and line drawings. In order to recognize signatures and to separate them from ruling lines and components of line drawings, line segments from skeletonization need to be strung together by a curve-fitting process. After long, fairly straight lines are found and set aside, a more lenient criterion strings together pairs of segments to form the groups on which to run the fast classifier.
Hot gas, cold gas and sub-haloes in a Lyman α blob at redshift 2.38

We present integral field spectroscopy of a Lyman α blob at redshift 2.38, with a spectral resolution three times better than previous published work. As with previous observations, the blob has a chaotic velocity structure, much of which breaks up into multiple components. Our spectroscopy shows, however, that some of these multiple components are extremely narrow: they have velocity widths of less than 100 km s^(−1). Combining these new data with previous observations, we argue that this Lyman α blob resides in a dark matter halo of around 10^(13) M_⊙. At the centre of this halo are two compact red massive galaxies. They are surrounded by hot gas, probably a superwind from merger-induced nuclear starbursts. This hot gas has shut down star formation in the non-nuclear region of these galaxies, leading to their red-and-dead colours. A filament or lump of infalling cold gas is colliding with the hot gas phase and being shocked to high temperatures, while still around 30 kpc from the red galaxies. The shock region is self-absorbed in Lyman α but produces C iv emission. Further out still, the cold gas in a number of sub-haloes is being lit up, most likely by a combination of tidally triggered star formation, bow shocks as they plough through the hot halo medium, resonant scattering of Lyman α from the filament collision and tidal stripping of gas which enhances the Lyman α escape fraction. The observed Lyman α emission from the blob is dominated by the sum of the emission from these sub-haloes. On statistical grounds, we argue that Lyman α blobs are not greatly elongated in shape and that most are not powered by ionization or scattering from a central active galactic nucleus or starburst.
High frequency of multiple paternity in broods of a socially monogamous cichlid fish with biparental nest defence

In several animal taxa, genetic analyses have demonstrated that social monogamy and biparental brood care do not preclude polygamous reproduction. Few studies have been conducted in fish, but in fish species without alternative reproductive phenotypes, social monogamy was largely congruent with genetic parentage. In contrast to these findings, we report an exceptionally high level of multiple paternity in a socially monogamous cichlid fish with biparental nest defence (Variabilichromis moorii), inferred from microsatellite and mitochondrial data of 10 broods. Whereas all offspring in a nest shared a common mother, each brood was sired by 2 to > 10 males. None of the inferred sires was assigned a large proportion of the brood. Paternity was estimated as the minimum number of sires required to explain multilocus offspring genotypes, and as the maximum‐likelihood number of sires given population allele frequencies. Analysis of simulated brood genotypes suggested that, although these two methods tend to under‐ and overestimate, respectively, the true number of sires, primary sires with many offspring in a brood would have been detected. Hence, the genetic data indicate that the nest tending males suffer substantial cuckoldry and provide alloparental care for a large number of unrelated fry. We have no data on the social status of the cuckolding males, but due to synchronous spawning of pairs and commitment to brood care of paired males, it is possible that most of the parasitic spawners are solitary males.