Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Y, Gd, Dy, and Ce Doping on the Microstructural and Electrical Properties of Sol-Gel-Deposited ZrO2 Film

ZrO 2 films doped with Y, Gd, Dy, and Ce at a concentration of ∼13 cation atom % were deposited by a sol-gel technique, and the early-stage dopant effect on the stabilization of the high temperature phase and dielectric properties was systematically compared after a low-temperature annealing process (400°C). The high temperature phase formation of the ZrO 2 films was hindered by the Y, Gd, and Dy doping, thereby reducing the dielectric constant. In addition, the hysteresis was significantly increased via electron trapping, which was attributed to the increase in the number of oxygen vacancies possibly due to the difference in the valence number of the dopants with that of the substituted Zr atoms. However, the dielectric constant of the ZrO 2 film doped with tetravalent Ce atoms increased without retarding the stabilization of the high temperature phase and degrading the hysteresis characteristics.
EFFECT OF ORGANIC AND MINERAL NITROGEN FERTILIZERS ON POTATO CROP

A field experiment was conducted on alluvial soil at Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt during the growing season of 2007/2008 to study the effect of organic-N as rice straw compost (three levels 0, 6 and 12 t fed -1 ), inorganic-N as ammonium nitrate (three rates 60, 120 and 180 kg N fed -1 ) and their interaction on potato ( Solanum tuberosum , L) cultivar Spunta. Organic-N and mineral-N application significantly increased leaves No./plant, plant height and leaf area. While, the interaction effect between organic and mineral N was insignificantly on leaves No./plant and plant height and significantly on leaf area. Fresh tuber yield and dry shoot yield significantly increased with compost and mineral-N application and their interaction. The highest value of fresh tuber yield was 19, 28 t fed -1 with interaction of 180 kg N + 12 t fed -1 compost. Dry matter % in tubers was significantly affected by mineral-N, compost application and their interaction after 70, 90 and 110 days from planting. Protein percent and specific gravity were significantly affected with mineral-N fertilization, but insignificantly affected by compost application. N, P and K % in shoots and tubers dry matter were increased with mineral nitrogen and compost addition and their interaction as compared with control at different periods.
CONVERTION HVAC INTO HVDC OF POWER TRANSMISSION LINES WITH USING VOLTAGE SOURCE CONVERTER

The conversion of existing AC lines into DC lines represents an interesting alternative for upgrading the power carrying capability for the existing rights of way and at the same time obtaining other added values. This way, these conversions can contribute to the creation of the HVDC Super Grid, which is one possible option to integrate massive renewable energy sources. With this objective, it is necessary to adapt the AC lines to the requirements of DC. The conversion can be carried out changing the head of the line towers or maintaining the towers structure and just making the minimum changes. This paper presents an analysis of the different configurations available for converting AC lines into DC lines and also includes a new proposal for configuration. Finally, a comparison of the presented configurations, in terms of power increase and losses is included. Keywords— Conversion; Distribution lines; HVAC; HVDC; Voltage Source Converter
Comparison of field and thermionic emissions from carbon nanotubes

The electron emission from single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCN) is investigated theoretically by using the tunnelling theory with the tight-binding approach. We compare the electron emission from SWCN in different temperatures and electric fields. In the normal condition, T < 1000 K and 2 V nm−1 < F < 8 V nm−1, the field electron emission (FEE) dominates the electron emission process, which follows approximately the Fowler–Nordheim behaviour. The multi peaks of the FEE energy distribution occur near the Fermi level. At high temperature T ⩾ 1000 K the FEE current is larger than that of the thermionic electron emission (TEE) current in F < 6 V nm−1 but smaller for F > 6 V nm−1. A minimum of the fractional TEE current occurs at the electric field, 5–6 V nm−1 minimum. This is because the strong electric field suppresses both the width and the height of the vacuum potential barrier, which leads to a competition between the FEE and the TEE current.
Determination of Lithium Ion by Liquid-Phase Diaphragm Glow Discharge-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

Determination of lithium ion by liquid-phase diaphragm glow discharge atomic emission spectroscopy (LDGD-AES) in aqueous solution is described. The discharge was generated in a rectangular slot on a quartz tube interposed between two submerged graphite electrodes. The effects of applied voltage, pH, and the addition of organic compounds on the determination were examined. It was shown that increasing the applied voltage and adding methanol to the solution increased sensitivity and decreased the limit of detection significantly. Under the optimum conditions of pH 0.5, applied voltage 800 V, and in the presence of 0.8% methanol, a limit of detection of 4 µg/L and a relative standard deviation of 1.3% (n = 11) were achieved. The analytical performance of LDGD-AES was compared to the performance of flame atomic absorption spectrometry.
Rigorous filtration for protein crystallization

Centrifugation or filtration of protein samples through 0.22 µm mesh size filters is standard procedure before setting up trials for crystallization. This note concerns other, mostly unused filters, namely 0.1 µm and 100 000–300 000 molecular weight cut-off filters, which have proved to aid in obtaining single high-quality crystals. It serves to pool together information concerning filtration which has been scattered, and somewhat concealed, in various publications over the years and to add information that has not yet been published. Filtration is relevant to all methods of crystallization for both screening and optimization.
Conceptual Impact of Selected Aspects of GDPR on Corporate Administration and Business Competition

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was enacted in 2016 and will apply to automated processing and filing systems as of 25 May, 2018. However, the general awareness about the GDPR in the EU, and in particular in the Czech Republic, appears rather weak. Therefore, it is highly instructive to identify selected aspects of the GDPR, discuss their impact on businesses and especially their corporate administration, predict challenges and problems, and, most importantly, propose solutions in re how to adjust and comply with the GDPR requirements. This can be achieved based on both a fresh primary investigative data yield from Czech Businesses and comparatively explored secondary data which originated in different EU member states. Indeed, the mandatory and direct application of the GDPR is on its way to inevitably create new duties and will change many features of the corporate administration. However, the expected effective and efficient enforcement of the GDPR might ultimately reshape the current mechanism protection of intellectual property and increase the fairness of business competition.
Chemical structure and biological activity of a siderophore produced by Rhizopus arrhizus

Rhizopus arrhizus grown on low-Fe medium produces a siderophore, the chemical structure of which was determined by means of 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13 C NMR, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. The siderophore was identified as N 1 ,N 4 -bis(1-oxo-3-hydroxy-3,4-dicarboxybutyl)-diaminobutane, chemically identical to rhizoferrin produced by Rhizopus microsporus. Growth promotion of R. arrhizus by several unferrated chelates in Fe-limited medium was studied in microtitration plates. The impact of rhizoferrin was much more pronounced than the effect of other siderophores. This growth promotion was used as a bioassay for the detection of rhizoferrin. Purified Fe-rhizoferrin was found to be a very efficient Fe source for tomato plants [Lycopersicon lycopersicon (L.) Karsten] in nutrient solutions. Uptake and translocation of 55 Fe mediated by rhizoferrin in a short-term (10-h) experiment were at levels higher than those obtained by other microbial siderophores. Iron-rhizoferrin acted similarly to the synthetic chelate FeEDDHA [ethylenediamine di(o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid)] on remedy of chlorosis in a long-term (14-d) experiment.
Molecular Beams of Macroions

By means of electrospraying a dilute polymer solution into an evaporation chamber, negative macroions can be produced and a molecular beam formed by sampling the gaseous mixture of macroions, solvent, and nitrogen molecules with a nozzle‐skimmer system of the Kantrowitz–Gray type. The macroion current can be detected by a Faraday cage after the light ions have been repelled from the beam by negative voltages on a repeller grid. Theoretical repeller voltages which best agree with the observed are those calculated by assuming a macroion velocity within 2% of the estimated supersonic beam velocity of 743 m sec−1. Polystyrene macroions of 51 000 weight‐average amu tend to form dimers and trimers in the beam while larger polystyrene macroions of 411 000 weight‐average amu appear mostly to be multiply charged single species. The results demonstrate that definite mass/charge states can be formed by the electrospray technique, that a considerable monochromatization of macroion velocities in the beam takes place, .
Determination of molecular weights and Mark–Houwink constants for soluble electronically conducting polymers

Intrinsic viscosities and gel permeation chromatography data were used to evaluate the Mark–Houwink constants of the soluble electronically conducting polymer, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):K and a are 2.28 × 10-3 cm3/g and 0.96, respectively, in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 25°C. Mark–Houwink constants were used to calibrate gel permeation chromatography (GPC) columns for P3HT. Number-average molecular weights of P3HT determined with modified calibration curves agreed well with those determined by an absolute method, embulliometry. Molecular weights estimated using unmodified polystyrene calibration procedures were significantly larger than true values.
Single Molecule DNA Restriction Analysis in the Light Microscope

A combination of single molecule fluorescence intensity analysis and optical mapping is developed to identify individual fluorescently labeled DNA molecules on the basis of restriction patterns generated by different enzymes. Fluorescently labeled lambda-phage DNA molecules each bound to a polystyrene microsphere as a handle are held and moved by optical tweezers. The single DNA molecules are stretched in a hydrodynamic flow. The restriction endonucleases Apa I, Sma I and EcoR I with one, three and five expected cutting sites on the lambda-phage DNA molecule are used for enzymatic digestion of the DNA molecules. The DNA restrictions are observed after microinjection of the enzyme into the flow towards the DNA molecule in real time (video frequency) on a microscope cover slide. The fluorescence intensity of the DNA fragments is measured and their length in terms of base pairs is calculated. Comparison with the length expected from sequence data reveals a single DNA fragment sensitivity and an accuracy of +/-16%.
Study of the Interaction between HDEHP and CMPO and Its Effect on the Extraction of Selected Lanthanides

Separation of the trivalent actinides from the trivalent lanthanides relevant to used nuclear fuel reprocessing remains still a challenging task. One of the options currently being investigated is the combination of two extraction processes, TRUEX and TALSPEAK. However, the two extractants used in the individual processes, when combined, result in a system with complex extraction behavior. To better understand the interactions in this combined extraction system, FT-IR spectroscopy was used in combination with small-scale solvent extraction tests. The data indicate that in the presence of CMPO, HDEHP dimer cleaves and interacts with CMPO through hydrogen bonding between POH and phosphoryl group of CMPO. The formation of a new HDEHP-CMPO adduct (log β = 3.4) at [HDEHP] > [CMPO] significantly lowers the concentration of free CMPO available for complexation with metal. The distribution ratios of Eu(III) decrease significantly with increasing nitric acid concentration and point to the acidic properties of this.
Testicular Germ Cell Tumors Acquire Cisplatin Resistance by Rebalancing the Usage of DNA Repair Pathways

Simple Summary Germ cell tumors are a model of curable solid tumors due to their unique sensitivity to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Patients are typically young adults, and despite high cure rate, about 20% of them do not achieve remission or relapse, and 50% of them succumb to the disease. The mechanisms behind their resistance to therapy are largely unknown. By using Testicular Germ Cell Tumor (TGCT) cell lines as a model, we investigated the mechanism of acquired resistance to cisplatin. We demonstrated that resistance occurred by a fine modulation of the DNA repair pathway choice. Namely, in resistant cells, repair of double-strand breaks by non-homologous end joining was dampened by the reduced expression of TP53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs). However, cisplatin-induced damage was repaired efficiently by homologous recombination. Additionally, we demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) combined with cisplatin had an additive/synergistic effect on cisplatin-resistant cells, which represents the proof of concept for introducing PARP inhibitors in salvage therapy. Abstract Despite germ cell tumors (GCTs) responding to cisplatin-based chemotherapy at a high rate, a subset of patients does not respond to treatment and have significantly worse prognosis. The biological mechanisms underlying the resistance remain unknown. In this study, by using two TGCT cell lines that have acquired cisplatin resistance after chronic exposure to the drug, we identified some key proteins and mechanisms of acquired resistance. We show that cisplatin-resistant cell lines had a non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ)-less phenotype. This correlated with a reduced basal expression of TP53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) proteins and reduced formation of 53BP1 foci after cisplatin treatment. Consistent with these observations, modulation of 53BP1 protein expression altered the cell line’s resistance to cisplatin, and inhibition of DNA-PKcs activity antagonized cisplatin cytotoxicity. Dampening of NHEJ was accompanied by a functional increase in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by the homologous recombination repair pathway. As a result, cisplatin-resistant cells were more resistant to PARP inhibitor (PARPi) monotherapy. Moreover, when PARPi was given in combination with cisplatin, it exerted an additive/synergistic effect, and reduced the cisplatin dose for cytotoxicity. These results suggest that treatment of cisplatin-refractory patients may benefit from low-dose cisplatin therapy combined with PARPi.
Modelling the impacts of climate change on tropospheric ozone over three centuries

Abstract. The ozone chemistry over three centuries has been simulated based on climate prediction from a global climate model and constant anthropogenic emissions in order to separate out the effects on air pollution from climate change. Four decades in different centuries has been simulated using the chemistry version of the atmospheric long-range transport model; the Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model (DEHM) forced with meteorology predicted by the ECHAM5/MPI-OM coupled Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model. The largest changes in both meteorology, ozone and its precursors is found in the 21st century, however, also significant changes are found in the 22nd century. At surface level the ozone concentration is predicted to increase due to climate change in the areas where substantial amounts of ozone precursors are emitted. Elsewhere a significant decrease is predicted at the surface. In the free troposphere a general increase is found in the entire Northern Hemisphere except in the tropics, where the ozone concentration is decreasing. In the Arctic the ozone concentration will increase in the entire air column, which most likely is due to changes in transport. The change in temperature, humidity and the naturally emitted Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are governing with respect to changes in ozone both in the past, present and future century.
Sector growth and symmetry of (F,OH) apatite from the Asio mine, Japan

Abstract A study of apatite crystals from the Asio mine, Japan, showed sectoral texture related to the growth of the crystal, and with optically biaxial properties within the sectors. Wet chemical analysis gave a composition Ca5(PO4)3(F0.64,OH0.38,Cl0.01)1.03 for the specimen. Additional diffraction spots were not observed in precession and oscillation X-ray photographs and electron diffraction photographs. Since the internal textures correlate with the surface growth features, it is suggested that the internal textures and the unusual optical properties were produced during nonequilibrium crystal growth. The fluorine/hydroxyl sites in hexagonal apatite are symmetrically equivalent in the solid crystal but, at a growth surface, this equivalence may be lost, resulting in a reduction of crystal symmetry. Heating of the apatite to about 850°C results in the almost complete disappearance of the optical anomalies due to disordering, which may be related to the loss of hydroxyl from the crystal.
CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Generation of Pathogen-Resistant Tomato against Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus and Powdery Mildew

Tomato is one of the major vegetable crops consumed worldwide. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and fungal Oidium sp. are devastating pathogens causing yellow leaf curl disease and powdery mildew. Such viral and fungal pathogens reduce tomato crop yields and cause substantial economic losses every year. Several commercial tomato varieties include Ty-5 (SlPelo) and Mildew resistance locus o 1 (SlMlo1) locus that carries the susceptibility (S-gene) factors for TYLCV and powdery mildew, respectively. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) is a valuable genome editing tool to develop disease-resistant crop varieties. In this regard, targeting susceptibility factors encoded by the host plant genome instead of the viral genome is a promising approach to achieve pathogen resistance without the need for stable inheritance of CRISPR components. In this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 system was employed to target the SlPelo and SlMlo1 for trait introgression in elite tomato cultivar BN-86 to confer host-mediated immunity against pathogens. SlPelo-knockout lines were successfully generated, carrying the biallelic indel mutations. The pathogen resistance assays in SlPelo mutant lines confirmed the suppressed accumulation of TYLCV and restricted the spread to non-inoculated plant parts. Generated knockout lines for the SlMlo1 showed complete resistance to powdery mildew fungus. Overall, our results demonstrate the efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to introduce targeted mutagenesis for the rapid development of pathogen-resistant varieties in tomato.
Direct synthesis of graphene on SiO2 substrates by chemical vapor deposition

Continuous and uniform graphene films were directly grown on SiO2 substrates using a chemical vapor deposition system with two-temperature zones assembled. The carbon species from the high temperature zone nucleate in the low temperature zone, initiating the growing process of graphene. The films are predominantly single-layer graphene, with a small percentage of the area having a few layers, whose optical transmittance and electrical conductivity can be comparable with transferred metal-catalyzed graphene. This method avoids the need for either a metal catalyst or a complicated and skilled post growth transfer process and favors the application of graphene as a transparent electrode.
VISCOSITY COEFFICIENTS AND ELASTIC-CONSTANTS OF NEMATIC SOLUTIONS OF A SIDE-CHAIN POLYMER

Abstract Nematic solutions of a side-chain mesomorphic polymer in a commercially available eutectic mixture (E7) were characterised by electric field dynamic light scattering (EDLS). Results are presented for twist and splay viscosity coefficients and elastic constants along with dielectric constants and refractive indices. For the polymer solutions, the measured twist viscosity was greater than the splay viscosity, and the elastic constants reduced relative to E7 in a manner consistent with slight disruption of the nematic order by the polymer backbone.
Quantitative In Silico Analysis of the Specificity of a Graphitic Carbon Column

Abstract Molecular interaction energy (MI) values calculated by molecular mechanics (MM2) using a model graphitic carbon phase were used to study the specificity of a graphitic carbon column. The analytes were positional isomers of aromatic polar compounds. The log k values were measured using buffered aqueous eluents. The MI values did not correlate with the log k values measured on a graphitic carbon synthesized using silica matrix. The log k values correlated well with the hydrogen bonding energy values calculated using the model silica and carbon phases. The log k values correlated well with MI values calculated using the model silica phase. The graphitic carbon column demonstrated properties of both graphitic carbon and silica gel.
Experiments and validation analyses of HTTR on loss of forced cooling under 30% reactor power

In a safety demonstration test involving the loss of both reactor reactivity control and core cooling, the high-temperature engineering test reactor (HTTR) demonstrates spontaneous stabilization of the reactor power. The test and analytical results of tripping one or two out of three gas circulators without reactor scram have already been reported. Moreover, the pre-analytical result of tripping all three gas circulators without reactor scram has been presented. On the other hand, the test and analytical results of tripping all three gas circulators without reactor scram are shown in this paper. About experiments, at an initial reactor power of 30% (9 MW), when all three gas circulators were tripped without reactor scram to reduce the coolant flow rate to zero, the fuel temperature did not show a large increase because the large heat capacity of the graphite core could absorb heat from the fuel in a short period. Moreover, the decay heat could be transferred through the graphite core and the reactor pressure vessel (RPV), emitted by thermal radiation from its outer surface and removed to the active vessel cooling system; therefore, the core at 9 MW was never exposed to the danger of a core melt, and the reactor power was stabilized spontaneously. About analyses, the reactivity performance is important for predicting the converging level of reactor power that affects the fuel temperature during a loss of forced cooling (LOFC) without reactor scram. With regard to thermal hydraulics, the performances of graphite heat conduction in the reactor core and thermal radiation from the RPV surface to the reactor cavity cooling system are crucial for predicting the temperature behavior of the fuel and RPV in the LOFC condition. It was confirmed that reactor kinetics coupled with heat transfer could be applied to reactor safety and accident analysis based on the comparison between the experiments and the analyses.