Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The New C-Shaped Parasitic Strip for the Single-Feed Circularly Polarized (CP) Microstrip Antenna Design

A new single-feed circularly polarized (CP) microstrip antenna with the C-shaped parasitic strip is proposed in this paper. The proposed CP antenna is designed for the transmitting terminal in the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). The square patch is surrounded by a C-shaped parasitic strip. By adjusting the parasitic strip dimension, the antenna CP operation is achieved. The main advantage of this method is that those two resonant modes for achieving the CP operation are independent from each other, which is liable to design and debug the proposed CP microstrip antenna. The designed CP microstrip antenna has the good impedance matching, the good CP radiation pattern, and the stable CP gain across the 3 dB AR (axial ratio) bandwidth.
Flux-Controlled Hybrid Reluctance Actuator for High-Precision Scanning Motion

To achieve highly precise and linear scanning motion by a hybrid reluctance actuator (HRA), this article proposes a flux-controlled mode that uses regulated magnetic flux as the control input for the actuator operation and evaluates its performance in comparison with the conventional current-controlled mode. In the conventional case, HRAs exhibit magnetic nonlinearities (e.g., hysteresis) and position-dependent force that can make the system unstable. A model-based analysis reveals that they are included in the variable magnetic flux of an HRA. Thus, they are captured by flux estimation and rejected by flux feedback control for high-quality scanning motion. For the estimation, sensor fusion with a current monitor and a search coil is used. Proportional integral (PI) controllers are used for the flux feedback control, as well as for current feedback control of the benchmarking current-controlled mode. During scanning, feedforward control is used to compensate linear dynamics. When sine motions are experimentally tested at 60–300 Hz, the current-controlled mode exhibits a nonlinearity between 6% and 23%, which is decreased to less than 5% by the flux-controlled mode. For a <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula>75 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm{\mu }$</tex-math></inline-formula>m triangular motion at 100 Hz, the flux-controlled mode decreases the tracking error by a factor of 19 to 3.2 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm{\mu }$</tex-math></inline-formula>m, successfully demonstrating its high-quality linear scanning motion.
A Novel Sensing Strategy Based on Energy Detector for Spectrum Sensing

Sensing strategy directly influences the sensing accuracy of a spectrum sensing scheme. As a result, the optimization of a sensing strategy appears to be of great significance for accuracy improvement in spectrum sensing. Motivated by this, a novel sensing strategy is proposed in this paper, where an improved tradeoff among detection probability, false-alarm probability and available throughput is obtained based on the energy detector. We provide the optimal sensing performance and exhibit its superiority in theory compared with the classical scheme. Finally, simulations validate the conclusions drawn in this paper.
Scalable Superomniphobic Surfaces

Superomniphobic surfaces that repel liquids of extremely low surface tension rely on carefully fabricated doubly re-entrant topographies, typically made by silicon deep reactive ion etching technology. However, previously published processes have depended on critically timed etching steps, which are difficult to downscale. We present a scalable process that eliminates the critically timed etching steps. It is based on the use of silicon-on-insulator wafers and a silicon oxide foot of the micropillar, which makes the isotropic silicon release step non-critical. The process allows easy downscaling of pillars from 20 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to 10 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The downscaling increases the stability of the Cassie state. Based on the process, we are able to create superomniphobic surfaces that sustain perfluorohexane (FC-72), which has the lowest surface tension of the known liquids at room temperature (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma _{\text {lv}}=11.91$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mN/m at 20 °C), in the Cassie state at droplet diameters down to 200 micrometers. These are the smallest perfluorohexane droplets repelled to date. [2019-0207]
GAIN EQUALIZED THREE ANTENNA PATTERN DIVERSITY MODULE FOR WLAN ACCESS POINTS

—This paper demonstrates a three-port coaxial fed antenna system for wireless local area network (WLAN) access points, consisting of two dipoles and a patch, radiating at 5.2 GHz with impedance bandwidth of 150 MHz. The antennas are designed for pattern diversity in the end-ﬁre and broadside orientation with an individual gain of 4.5 dBi, which is further enhanced to 6 dBi after integrating with unit-cell structures. The gain enhancement for individual antennas is achieved by strategically integrating transmission type and reﬂective type sub-wavelength structures for patch and dipoles, respectively. The realized ground plane is shared among the three antennas. The measured results show that the return loss of the antennas is unaﬀected by the unit-cell loading and has an isolation of less than 26 dB throughout the band and across the ports for a port-to-port distance of 0.25 λ .
Air Void Detection Using Variational Mode Decomposition With Low Rank

This paper presents an air-void detection technique for air-coupled radar, which emits electromagnetic waves to interrogate an air-void inside a medium or between two media. The reflections from the air-medium interfaces are usually corrupted by air-coupling, antenna ringing, and internal reflections, rendering air-void detection very difficult or, in certain cases, impossible. The proposed method exploits the low-rank structure of the background clutter to suppress these nuisance signals. A variational mode decomposition model is developed to extract the backscattering at different air-medium interfaces as signal modes. Real experiments are conducted using a stepped frequency radar. The experimental results show that the proposed method can detect air-gap between two sand blocks.
Study on Dynamic Strain Distribution in Rock Broken by Abrasive Slurry Jet

To reveal the stress and strain field in rock under abrasive slurry jet (ASJ) impacting, this paper carried out experiments to measure the dynamic rock strain using a novel strain measurement approach, which is the non-contact strain measurement system. Moreover, it was compared with the theoretical analysis of stress propagation in rock. The results showed that dynamic strain will propagate within rock in the form of spherical waves, whose maximum value is proportional to the jet pressure and inversely proportional to the square of the propagation distance. In the process of ASJ impacting rock, strain will increase from zero to a maximum value in milliseconds. Dynamic strain in rock is fluctuates due to the release of internal stress caused by the rock crushing, which can reflect that rock will be broken by ASJ in the form of stepped-failure. The paper reveals the dynamic strain distribution in rock broken by ASJ and provides a new idea and method for studying the rock failure mechanism under ASJ impacting.
A Systematic Review of Performance Analysis in Rowing Using Inertial Sensors

Sporting organizations such as professional clubs and national sport institutions are constantly seeking novel training methodologies in an attempt to give their athletes a cutting edge. The advent of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) has facilitated the integration of small, unobtrusive wearable inertial sensors into many coaches’ training regimes. There is an emerging trend to use inertial sensors for performance monitoring in rowing; however, the use and selection of the sensor used has not been appropriately reviewed. Previous literature assessed the sampling frequency, position, and fixing of the sensor; however, properties such as the sensor operating ranges, data processing algorithms, and validation technology are left unevaluated. To address this gap, a systematic literature review on rowing performance monitoring using inertial-magnetic sensors was conducted. A total of 36 records were included for review, demonstrating that inertial measurements were predominantly used for measuring stroke quality and the sensors were used to instrument equipment rather than the athlete. The methodology for both selecting and implementing technology appeared ad hoc, with no guidelines for appropriate analysis of the results. This review summarizes a framework of best practice for selecting and implementing inertial sensor technology for monitoring rowing performance. It is envisaged that this review will act as a guide for future research into applying technology to rowing.
Multiple Active Spatial Modulation: A Possibility of More Than Spatial Multiplexing

For multiple active spatial modulation (MASM) technique, this letter formulates the minimum number of transmit antennas <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(N_{\mathrm {t}})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the required number of active RF chains (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N_{\mathrm {a}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) to support the following two statements. First, it is proven that MASM can achieve similar spectral efficiency to conventional spatial multiplexing (SMx) with smaller <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N_{\mathrm {t}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N_{\mathrm {a}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and less receive antennas (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N_{\mathrm {r}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). Secondly, for operation with the same <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N_{\mathrm {t}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in both techniques, MASM is shown to achieve higher spectral efficiency while using fewer <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N_{\mathrm {a}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N_{\mathrm {r}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Furthermore, the low spectral efficiency and diversity tradeoff in MASM is highlighted, and a proposal of an enhanced MASM (E-MASM) technique is shown to achieve a better tradeoff between spectral efficiency and diversity as compared to SMx. In comparison to SMx and some prominent space modulation techniques, E-MASM is shown to achieve higher reliability, while MASM achieves superior spectral efficiency.
The ‘berth’ of a maritime management program: A case study on value creation through industry–university collaboration

In the fall of 2013, the College of Business at Nicholls State University, in collaboration with industry, launched a 4-year Bachelor’s program in management specifically designed to train graduates for employment in firms competing in the oil and gas sector of the maritime industry. The development and implementation of this maritime management concentration serves as a model of successful industry–university collaboration. The result is enhanced value for graduates, firms and the region. Such alliances are an increasingly critical component of higher education as traditional sources of funding continue to decline across the country. In addition, relationship building results in courses and content that better prepare students to meet workforce needs. Strategic advice is offered to higher education programs and colleges contemplating collaborative relationships between academia and industry.
High‐accuracy localisation method for PD in transformers

This study proposes a high-accuracy method of localising partial discharge (PD) for transformer fault diagnosis. This study aims to solve the problem of high-accuracy estimation of PD in transformers by detecting the acoustic signals. First, by combining the advantages of the differential evolution (DE) algorithm and the particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm, the authors describe a hybrid DE-PSO algorithm that can maintain great diversity even at the later stage of calculation. For further accuracy, a cooperative localisation differential evolution-particle swarm optimization-correction-Newton's method (DPCN) algorithm based on the DE-PSO algorithm and Newton's method with consideration of corrected time difference of arrival values is proposed. The results of simulations and experiments show that the proposed algorithm has excellent performance with high accuracy and strong robustness, and it can meet the needs of field applications.
Coordinated Planning of Converter-Based DG Units and Soft Open Points Incorporating Active Management in Unbalanced Distribution Networks

Soft open points (SOPs) can transfer active power between feeders and compensate reactive power. These features help increase the integration capacity of distributed generation (DG), but the installation location and capacity of SOPs will affect DG planning. In addition, the distribution networks are usually unbalanced due to asymmetric line parameters, unbalanced loads, and DG. Converter-based DG units and SOPs have individual phase active and reactive power regulating ability and provide unbalance compensation. The objective of this paper is to develop a coordinated planning model of converter-based DG units and SOPs in an unbalanced distribution network (UDN) to incorporate their individual phase power control abilities. The individual phase power control characteristics of DG converters and SOPs are first analyzed. A bi-level optimization model of converter-based DG units and SOP planning is then established, in which the upper-level problem minimizes the total cost of the UDN and the lower-level problem minimizes the power loss and voltage unbalance. The bi-level model is transformed into a single-level mixed integer second-order cone programming problem that can be efficiently solved by widely used commercial solvers. Finally, the proposed model is verified on IEEE 33-node and Taiwan Power Company systems.
Crosstalk in microwave SQUID multiplexers

Low-temperature detector technologies provide extraordinary sensitivity for applications ranging from precision measurements of the cosmic microwave background to high-resolution, high-rate x-ray, and γ-ray spectroscopy. To utilize this sensitivity, new instruments are being built, and new instruments are imagined, with ever greater pixel counts, but the scale of these instruments is limited by the capability of the readout electronics. Microwave SQUID multiplexing addresses the needs of these future instruments, exploiting gigahertz of bandwidths of coaxial cables and broadband components to combine hundreds to thousands of signals on a single readout line. A key feature of any multiplexer is the level of crosstalk between input channels. This crosstalk can degrade the sensitivity of the instrument, introduce systematic error, or simply confound data analysis. In this letter, we explain the primary mechanisms of crosstalk in a microwave SQUID multiplexer, calculate and measure their magnitude, and consider their effect and methods of mitigation.Low-temperature detector technologies provide extraordinary sensitivity for applications ranging from precision measurements of the cosmic microwave background to high-resolution, high-rate x-ray, and γ-ray spectroscopy. To utilize this sensitivity, new instruments are being built, and new instruments are imagined, with ever greater pixel counts, but the scale of these instruments is limited by the capability of the readout electronics. Microwave SQUID multiplexing addresses the needs of these future instruments, exploiting gigahertz of bandwidths of coaxial cables and broadband components to combine hundreds to thousands of signals on a single readout line. A key feature of any multiplexer is the level of crosstalk between input channels. This crosstalk can degrade the sensitivity of the instrument, introduce systematic error, or simply confound data analysis. In this letter, we explain the primary mechanisms of crosstalk in a microwave SQUID multiplexer, calculate and measure their magnitude, and consid.
A Chance-Constrained Decentralized Operation of Multi-Area Integrated Electricity–Natural Gas Systems With Variable Wind and Solar Energy

This article presents a decentralized decision-making strategy for the multi-area integrated electricity and natural gas system (IEGS). Independent system operators (ISOs) in the electric power sector and natural gas system operators (NGSOs) in the natural gas sector operate their respective systems independently with the consideration that a limited set of information is shared, and the information privacy and decision-making independence are preserved among operators. In this article, uncertainties associated with the proliferation of variable wind and solar generation as well as load forecast errors are addressed in a chance-constrained programming framework, and the loss of load probability (LOLP) as well as the transmission line overload probability (TLOP) are introduced to ensure a secure and economic operation of IEGS. The proposed multi-area & multi-layer problem is solved by a hierarchical iterative algorithm in which the inner loop deals with the collaboration between ISO and NGSO in each area, and the collaboration among areas is managed by the outer loop. Finally, case studies are carried out on two multi-area IEGSs with different sizes in which numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Design of broadband hybrid class EF power amplifier based on novel capacitance compensation structure

The operating frequency of traditional hybrid class‐EF power amplifiers is limited by the drain‐source output capacitance. This article proposes a novel wideband compensation circuit structure (CCS) for the drain‐source output capacitance. The drain of the transistor is connected in parallel with a wideband CCS to obtain the required output capacitance of the transistor, which improves the operating frequency of the hybrid class‐EF power amplifier and maintains high efficiency over a wide frequency band. Meanwhile, the wideband CCS is connected in parallel with the gate of transistor to suppress harmonics, thereby improving output power and efficiency. In order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed structure, a broadband high‐efficiency hybrid class‐EF power amplifier is fabricated by employing the CGH40010F GaN HEMT. The measurements show that the output power is 40.4 to 41.3 dBm, the drain efficiency is 67% to 72%, and the gain is 10.5 to 11.3 dB in the range of 1.6 to 2.6 GHz. The adjacent channel power ratio is under −30 dBc when using 20 MHz LTE signal without digital predistortion.
Experimental Study on Mechanical Characteristics of PTFE Material

The present work is aimed to experimentally determine the mechanical properties such as Rockwell Hardness Number (RHN), tensile strength and two parameters of Weibull distribution curve (i.e. Weibull shape and characteristic life parameters) of fatigue life for the Poly Tetra Fluoro Ethylene (PTFE) material. The ultimate stress of PTFE specimen is determined using tensometer and its shape parameter and characteristic life are determined from rotary test bending machine. The PTFE specimen is also tested for wear and friction performance on pin-on-disc test rig. Based on the hardness test, RHN of PTFE was found to be 57 and its ultimate engineering stress was observed to be 20.5N/mm2. The Weibull shape parameter and characteristic life of PTFE specimen were observed to be 13.33 and 6734.5 cycles respectively. From the wear test result the sliding speed was found to have maximum influence on wear volume followed by sliding distance where as the load has least influence.
Future-Proof Human Capabilities: Raising the Future Employability of Graduates

While many frameworks have emerged purporting to describe human skills, soft skills, employability skills, or future capabilities, there exists sparse research comparing these frameworks or isolating the most important skills within an Australasian future workforce context. Given the importance of using a skills framework to better analyse and predict future skills demand in the workforce, educators, employers and recruits need to better appreciate the value certain skills will hold over others in terms of future employability. Using a data-driven approach based on text analysis we will analyse the aggregate information contained in existing frameworks to discover the future capabilities. These future capabilities provide a framework and logic that allow us to more flexibly examine the relationship between people and jobs, and to create a taxonomy that allows us to create capability stacks that confirm the requirements for a future learning and work.
Non-Causal Linear Optimal Control of Wave Energy Converters With Enhanced Robustness by Sliding Mode Control

Sea wave energy converter control is a non-causal optimal control problem, and the control performance relies on the accuracy of wave prediction information. However, the existing wave prediction methods, such as Auto-Regressive (AR) method, extended Kalman Filter (EKF), Artificial neural network and deterministic sea wave prediction (DSWP), inevitably introduce prediction errors. This paper presents a robust non-causal linear optimal control of wave energy converters to explicitly cope with the prediction error of sea wave prediction and simultaneously compensate the modelling uncertainty caused by wave force approximations. This is achieved by designing a non-causal linear optimal control (LOC) to maximize the energy output and a sliding mode control (SMC) to compensate unmodeled WEC dynamics and wave prediction error. The parameters of both SMC and non-causal LOC are calculated off-line, which significantly enhances the real-time implementation of the proposed controller with reasonably low computational load. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed control strategy.
Formation and Breakup of an Immiscible Compound Jet with Density or Viscosity Stratification

Formation of compound drops by breakup of an axisymmetric compound jet injected from a coaxial nozzle into another immiscible coflowing fluid, at various density and viscosity ratios, is numerically investigated. The fluids are assumed to be Newtonian and incompressible and gravity is neglected for simplicity. A Finite Difference Method with Front Tracking is used to track the evolution and breakup of the compound jet. The outcomes of our numerical results show how density and viscosity ratios affect the compound jet’s transition from dripping to jetting mode. The density ratios of inner-to-outer and intermediate-to-outer fluids affect compound jet breakup length, drop diameter and drop formation time more than comparable viscosity ratios. At high density and viscosity ratios, due to high inertia and viscous force respectively, the drop formation is more chaotic and mostly multi-core drops are formed.