Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pemberian Probiotik Multispesies dalam Media Budi Daya Ikan Lele Dumbo untuk Mencegah Penyakit Motile Aeromonads Septicemia (ADDITION OF MULTISPECIES PROBIOTICS IN THE CULTURE MEDIUM OF AFRICAN CATFISH TO PREVENT THE MOTILE AEROMONADS SEPTICEMIA DISEASE)

One of the disease that often led to mortality in catfish resulting in harvest failure is Motile AeromonadsSepticemia (MAS) caused by infection of Aeromonas hydrophila. To avoid this situation, the preventionand control of disease is very crucial. An environmentally friendly approach acceptable in aquaculture isthe use of probiotics to control the pathogenic infection. African catfishes used in the study weighted of1,97±0,7g/fish, and were maintained in the aquarium size of 56x39x34 cm3filled with 30 liters of waterwith stock density of 25 fishes . Probiotic was given daily for 28 days. This research was consisted of 6treatments; (A) AH26 NAR103 CFU/mL, probiotics ND2 CefR 105 CFU/mL dan P23 CipR 105 CFU/mL ; (B)AH26 NAR103 CFU/mL, probiotics ND2 CefR 103 CFU/mL dan L1k TetR 103 CFU/mL; (C) AH26 NAR103CFU/mL, probiotics P23 CipR 104 CFU/mL dan L1k TetR 104 CFU/mL; (D) AH26 NAR103 CFU/mL, probioticsND2 CefR 105 CFU/mL, P23 CipR 105 CFU/mL dan L1k TetR 105 CFU/mL; (K+) AH26 NAR103 CFU/mL, without probiotics; (K-) Without the addition of probiotics and without AH26 NAR in the media. Eachtreatment has 3 replications. The results showed that the combination of probiotics ND2CefR103CFU/mLand L1k TetR103CFU/mLcan supressedA. hydrophila cell density up to 40% lower, induced immuneresponses (hematocrit level and respiratory burst activity) and increased the survival rate of catfishuntilthe end of the research.
HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY FOR QUALITY TRAITS IN INTERVARIETAL AND INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS IN OATS

SUMMARY Heterosis and combining ability studies were performed on 7 x 7 half diallel of intra-and interspecific crosses involving six cultivars of Avena sativa and one accession of A. sterilis for crude protein, fat, total soluble sugars, reducing and non-reducing sugars in oat grain. The best crosses showing positive significant heterosis were identified as A. sativa cv. HJ 8 x A. sativa cv. UPO 212 and A. sativa cv. HJ 8 x A. sativa cv. OS 346 for protein content; A. sativa cv. HJ 8 x A. sterilis and A. sativa cv. HJ 8 x A. sativa cv. UPO 212 for fat content; A. sativa cv. HJ 8 x A. sativa cv. OS 6 for total soluble sugar; A. sativa cv. UPO 212 x A. sterilis and A. sativa cv. HJ 8 x A. sterilis for reducing sugar and A. sativa cv. HJ 8 x A. sativa cv. OS 6 for non-reducing sugars. Significant GCA effects revealed that parent A. sterilis for higher protein content; OS 6 (A. sativa) for higher fat; UPO 212 (A. sativa) for higher total soluble sugars while parent Kent (A. sativa) for high reducing sugar content whereas, parent OS 346 (A. sativa) for nonreducing sugar were identified as good general combiners. On the basis of significant SCA effects, hybrids Kent (A. sativa) x UPO 212 (A. sativa) and OS 6 (A. sativa) x OS 346 (A. sativa) for grain yield; HJ 8 (A. sativa) x OS 346 (A. sativa) and HJ 8 (A. sativa) x UPO 212 (A. sativa) for CP; HJ 8 (A. sativa) x A. sterilis and UPO 212 (A. sativa) x A. sterilis for high fat; HJ 8 (A. sativa) x OS 6 (A. sativa), HJ 8 (A. sativa) x UPO 212 (A. sativa) for total soluble sugars; HJ 8 (A. sativa) x A. sterilis, OL125 (A. sativa) x OS 346 (A. sativa) for reducing sugars and HJ 8 (A. sativa) x OS 6 (A. sativa) for non-reducing sugars were identified as best specific combiners.
Non-parametric analysis of the spatio-temporal variability in the fatty-acid profiles among Greenland sharks

Shifting prey distributions due to global warming are expected to generate dramatic ecosystem-wide changes in trophic structure within Arctic marine ecosystems. Yet a relatively poor understanding of contemporary Arctic food webs makes it difficult to predict the consequences of such changes for Arctic predators. Doing so requires quantitative approaches that can track contemporary changes in predator diets through time, using accurate, well-defined methods. Here we use fatty acids (FA) to quantify differences in consumer diet using permutational multivariate analysis of variance tests that characterize spatial and temporal changes in consumer FA signatures. Specifically we explore differences in Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) FA to differentiate their potential trophic role between Svalbard, Norway and Cumberland Sound, Canada. Greenland shark FA signatures revealed significant inter-annual differences, probably driven by varying seal and Greenland halibut responses to environmental conditions such as the NAO, bottom temperature, and annual sea-ice extent. Uncommon FA were also found to play an important role in driving spatial and temporal differences in Greenland shark FA profiles. Our statistical approach should facilitate quantification of changing consumer diets across a range of marine ecosystems.
New primers for amplification of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I barcode region designed for species of Decapoda (Crustacea)

We designed 14 new primers for amplification of the COI barcode region of decapod crustacean species. We tested, with high level of success, the generation of ~ 640 ± 49 base-pair sequences in selected groups of decapods (hermit crabs, squat lobsters, marine and freshwater crabs and shrimps), encompassing representatives of 27 genera of 15 families, 11 of Pleocyemata (Anomura, Brachyura, and Caridea) and 4 of Dendrobranchiata. Based on the results we expect the applicability of these primers for several studies with different taxa within Decapoda.
Profiling Pyocins and Competitive Growth Advantages of Various Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains

Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces a variety of bacteriocidal substances including pyocins that are active against the same species, but their physiological roles are relatively unknown. Here, we profiled the bacteriocidal activities in the culture supernatants of various P. aeruginosa isolates and describe the competitive growth advantages of strains PAO1 and PA14 over some strains including PAK, which are sensitive to their bacteriocidal activities. These findings suggest that the factors governing the production of pyocins and the resistance to them play important roles in controlling P. aeruginosa populations in its local environments.
Promoterless gusA expression in a large number of Arabidopsis thaliana transformants obtained by the in planta infiltration method

Un grand nombre de familles T2 de transformants d'Arabidopsis thaliana a ete obtenu par notre methode d'infiltration des plantes entieres par Agrobacterium. L'ADN transferre des cellules bacteriennes au genome vegetal porte 2 genes de resistance pour la selection des transformants, et le gene rapporteur gus sans promoteur pour la recherche de promoteurs. L'activite GUS de chaque transformant a ete testee en histochimie au stade 15 jours de la plantule, cultivee in vivo en conditions de lumiere d'une pan, d'obscurite d'autre pan. Pour chaque transformant, la distribution spatiale de l'activite GUS dans les differents organes et tissus, et sa dependance vis-a-vis de la lumiere ont ete etudiees. De nombreuses combinaisons d'activite GUS dans les organes ont ete observees. Une majorite de transformants presente une activite GUS strictement dependante de la lumiere. Enfin, il a ete montre que la localisation spatiale de l'activite GUS peut varier au cours du developpement, pour certains transformants. Ces indications spatiales, temporelles, et de dependance vis-a-vis de la lumiere de l'activite GUS permettent de caracteriser, pour chaque famille de transformants, l'activite du promoteur putatif correspondant
Mechanisms of microenvironmental paracrine signaling in cancer chemoresistance

Chemoresistance remains a major barrier to the effective treatment of cancer. Cancer therapy occurs in the context of a tissue environment, with cancer cells surrounded by many non-malignant cells that contribute to tumor growth and resistance to therapy. Yet much remains unknown about the tumor microenvironment and its impact on therapeutic response. The specific cell types and microenvironment factors that influence chemoresistance, how therapy induced damage of the microenvironment changes these factors and the mechanisms by which the microenvironment contributes to therapy failure remain incompletely understood. To study microenvironment signaling and its impact on therapy response, I have used mouse models of B-cell leukemia and lymphoma. I find that the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin promotes endothelial IL-6 release through reactive oxygen species-mediated p38 signaling and use tissue specific knockout mice to demonstrate that endothelial-specific production of IL-6 promotes lymphoma chemoresistance in vivo. Doxorubicin induces endothelial-cell senescence, an irreversible growth arrest typically accompanied by a robust secretory response. I show that P13K/AKT/mTOR signaling is repressed in senescent endothelial cells and serves as switch, turning off chronic senescence-associated IL-6 production. These data implicate endothelial paracrine signaling in the promotion of chemoresistance and elucidates the molecular control of acute vs. chronic therapy-induced cytokine secretion. Conventional chemotherapeutics such as doxorubicin can induce anti-cancer immune responses through the promotion of an immunogenic form of cell death. However, these responses are normally repressed by the microenvironment, impairing therapeutic response. I demonstrate that microenvironment IL-6 inhibits the generation of anti-leukemia immunity after immunogenic chemotherapy and find that CD8+ T-cell responses cure the majority of IL-6-/mice treated with immunogenic chemotherapy. IL-6 also inhibits the efficacy of immune checkpoint blocking agents, implicating it as a promising target to improve the generation of anti-cancer immunity. Thus, the work in this thesis identifies the molecular control of therapy induced endothelial paracrine signaling and identifies a key role for IL-6 in suppressing anti-cancer immune responses induced by therapy. Thesis supervisor: Michael T. Hemann Title: Associate Professor of Biology
FIRST REPORT OF BACTERIAL GRAIN ROT CAUSED BY BURKHOLDERIA PLANTARII IN REPUBLIC OF KOREA

Rice panicles with symptoms of bacterial grain rot, i.e. grain abortion, discoloration of the hull and grain, were observed and collected in rice-growing fields of Suncheon-si (Republic of Korea) in September 2015. The lemma and the palea were disassembled from the discolored grains, the insides were rubbed and streaked onto King’s medium B agar plates to ob- tain single colonies (Noh et al ., 2012). A PCR-based screening for Burkholderia plantarii was conducted for 66 isolates (Maeda et al ., 2006), and two isolates, GRBB 15061 (KACC 18964) and GRBB 15061-1 (KACC 18965) were selected. To confirm the identity of B . plantarii , 16S rRNA gene and two phylogenetic marker genes, rpoD and gyrB , were sequenced and subjected to a BLASTn analysis (Maeda et al ., 2006; Yamamoto et al ., 2000). The BLASTn results for the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates GRBB 15061 and GRBB 15061-1 (GenBank accession Nos. KX638437 and KX638434, respectively) showed 100% homology with B . plantarii type strain (AB682220.1). The rpoD and gyrB gene sequences of the isolates GRBB 15061 and GRBB 15061-1 (KX638443 and KX638441 for rpoD ; KX638428 and KX638431 for gyrB , respectively) showed 99.8% homology (AB190755.1) and 100% homology (AB190645.1) with B . planta- rii type strain. For pathogenicity tests, each isolate of B . plantarii was inoculated into the stem by syringe at the tillering stage and onto the panicle by spraying at the heading stage separately; the inoculated rice stem developed sheath rot and the inoculated panicle developed grain rot. B . plantarii was re-isolated from the symptoms and re-identified, thus satisfying Koch’s postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the bacterial grain rot of rice caused by B . plantarii in the Republic of Korea.
The Behavior and Capabilities of Lithium Hydroxide Carbon Dioxide Scrubbers in a Deep Sea Environment

Abstract : Lithium Hydroxide (LiOH) is the principal chemical absorbent used as a carbon dioxide scrubber material by NASA in the shuttle spacecraft. LiOH scrubbers are now being proposed for the Navy's newest an most advanced mixed- gas, closed circuit diving rig, the EX 19, designed for long-term, convert diving operations. Although extensive investigations have been conducted in the past dealing with carbon absorption by LiOH scrubbers in outerspace conditions, relatively little is known about the process in the underwater environment. The objective of this project was to investigate the absorption of metabolically- produced carbon dioxide by lithium hydroxide scrubbers under constraints unique to the deep sea diver. An experimental mock-up of a closed circuit diving rig was constructed in the Coastal Engineering Laboratory and used to conduct this study. Several parameters, including initial moisture content, flow rate through the canister. canister length-to-diameter ratio, carbon dioxide injection level, and ambient temperature, were varied. The time of breakthrough was recorded for each test and compared to theory, yielding plots that show several relationships in CO2, absorption, the greater part of which may be correlated with past studies.
Assessing the Utility of a Smartphone App for Recreational Fishery Catch Data

There is a need to improve the management of recreational fisheries, and some organizations have begun piloting and implementing opt-in, self-reporting smartphone and tablet apps to further that goal. We began the process of developing a methodology for assessing the utility of these apps for management by comparing mean catch/trip values of selected species between the Snook and Gamefish Foundation's iAngler app and the Marine Recreational Information Program survey. The iAngler data set is used almost exclusively in Florida and is characterized by high spatial variability. However, its catch rates for Common Snook Centropomus undecimalis (medians ranging from 0 to 2), Spotted Seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus (medians from 1 to 3), and Red Drum Sciaenops ocellatus (medians from 0 to 1) were similar to those provided by the Marine Recreational Information Program (medians ranging from 1 to 2, 1 to 4, and 0 to 3, respectively). Self-reporting programs often suffer from biases concerning angler avidity, drop-of.
Alternative conceptions held by adults on the concept of decomposition and the cyclic nature of matter.

ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTIONS HELD BY ADULTS ON THE CONCEPT OF DECOMPOSITION AND THE CYCLIC NATURE OF MATTER ELIZABETHANN KOSCHER, B.S., AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE M.A., WESTFIELD STATE COLLEGE Ed.D. , UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Richard D. Konicek The research question: What do adults understand about the cyclic nature of matter and the concepts in decomposition? This study examined the scientific and alternate views on the concept of decomposition in two phases. The first is a constructive phase and dealt with collecting ideas and terminology. The validation phase determined how many adults shared the ideas collected. The constructive phase involved clinically interviewing 20 adult subjects of various age groups and educational backgrounds using open ended questions and concepts mapping. The validation stage was administrating a survey constructed with the ideas found in the clinical interviewing to various people randomly in public places and employment facilities. Additional data was collected regarding the experience of the subjects in composting and gardening or courses in biology or chemistry. This data was examined to identify what ideas are held most often by adults, what ideas are not in conjunction with scientific concepts, and what variables might have produced the factors based on a constructivist approach to educational development. The findings include firmly held ideas about the decomposition of bones and the lack of understanding the microbial role of decomposition.
Structural and functional studies of Microneme Protein 3 (MIC3) from Apicomplexan parasite Eimeria tenella

Eimeria spp. are a highly successful group of intracellular protozoan parasites that develop within intestinal epithelial cells of poultry, causing coccidiosis. As a result of resistance against anticoccidial drugs and the expense of manufacturing live vaccines, it is necessary to understand the relationship between Eimeria and its host more deeply, with a view to developing recombinant vaccines. Like other members of the Apicomplexan parasites, Eimeria possesses a number of microneme proteins (MICs) which are deployed at the parasite-host interface during the early stages of invasion. One of these proteins, EtMIC3, is a lectin consisting of seven tandem microneme adhesive repeats (MAR), which possess a high affinity for sialylated glycans as shown by cell-based assays and carbohydrate microarray analyses. To provide a structural basis for the sialic acid recognition of EtMIC3, the second MAR domain of EtMIC3 was expressed recombinantly and its structure was determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. NMR titration and chemical shift mapping was carried out to localise the carbohydrate binding site and inter-molecular NOEs were measured using filtered NOESY experiments. Structural models of the carbohydrate complexes were subsequently calculated invoking both intermolecular NOEs and chemical shift-derived distance restraints using the HADDOCK approach.
Diversity maintenance mechanism changes with vegetation type and the community size in a tropical nature reserve

Species-abundance distribution (SAD) is an essential tool to explain the mechanism of diversity maintenance in ecological communities. Most of the studies on diversity maintenance in a specific forest dynamics plot just consider stems with a certain minimum size class to include into the tree community to be examined. However, the species in the juvenile stage are easily disturbed by a variety of factors; here, we define the minimum stem size to tag trees in a community as the community size (DBHmintag), which implies that the communities with different minimum diameter at breast height (DBH) sizes to tag trees are tree assemblages containing tree populations of different minimum DBH. We used data from 17 1-ha forest dynamics plots across six old-growth forest types in a tropical nature reserve to explore diversity maintenance mechanism by SAD curves (at three levels of DBHmintag) fitting to neutral model and niche preemption model. We found that the SADs of the two zonal vegetation types (tropical montane rain forest and tropical lowland rain forest) were best fitted by neutral model at each level of DBHmintag; meanwhile, the best fitted models for the four azonal vegetation types (tropical coniferous forest, tropical deciduous monsoon rain forest, tropical montane evergreen forest, and tropical montane dwarf forest) varied with DBHmintag levels, for communities with DBHmintag ≥ 1 cm and DBHmintag ≥ 5 cm, the fitting effect of neutral model was better than niche preemption model's for the forest dynamics plots in the four azonal vegetation types, and for communities with DBHmintag ≥ 10 cm, the four azonal vegetation types were all best fitted by the niche model. Our results suggest that species diversity maintenance mechanisms of the two zonal vegetation types derived from the neutral model increased the predictive accuracy at each level of DBHmintag, and meanwhile, the four azonal vegetation types derived from the neutral model increased the predictive accuracy at smaller community size; however, with the increase in DBHmintag, these communities derived from the niche theory model increased the predictive accuracy. Habitat heterogeneity might be the major constraints in determining the neutral or niche process for diversity maintenance of a specific forest community.
ESTIMATING POPULATION SIZE FROM MULTIPLE DETECTIONS WITH NON-INVASIVE GENETIC DATA

Non-invasive samples of animal dung are being collected for use with DNA-based capture–recapture analysis to estimate the abundance of the species. A typical sampling strategy involves repeated sampling of transects or grids to search for dung. Searches performed on different transects or on different occasions are often considered the capture sessions for capture– recapture analysis. It is possible that multiple samples of dung from the same individual are found within an occasion. Most current capture–recapture models do not account for this additional data. We present a generalization of the geographically and demographically closed population capture– recapture models that use the numbers of dung found for each individual during each sampling occasion to help estimate heterogeneity in capture probability. We demonstrate that in the face of heterogeneity caused by unequal amounts of dung available per individual, the estimator developed here out performs standard capture–recapture abundance estimation. The estimator allows the benefit of using all data collected while not adding additional costs to the study. We present an example using dung-based capture–recapture data from African elephants to demonstrate the method.
Gastrodin ameliorates oleic acid-induced fat accumulation through activation of AMPK pathway in HL-7702 cells

Aim To study the inhibitory effect of gastrodin( GSTD) on oleic acid( OA)-induced fat accumulation in HL-7702 cells and explore possible cellular signaling pathways. Methods The MTT method was used to study the impact of GSTD on cell viability in HL-7702 cells. Cellular steatosis was induced by 1mmol·L- 1of OA administration for 24 h,and different concentrations of GSTD were added at the same time. Oil red O( ORO) staining was used to determine fat accumulation in cells,and intracellular triglyceride( TG) contents were assayed. Western blot was used to determine the phosphorylation levels of AMPKα and ACC in cells after GSTD administration. Compound C was used to treat the cells in order to study its influence on the efficacies of GSTD. Results GSTD had no obvious toxicity in HL-7702 cells when its concentration was≤3 386. 5 μmol · L- 1. After 24 h of OA administration,there were large amounts of lipid droplets accumulated in HL-7702 cells,and intracellular TG contents greatly increased as well. However,when169. 3 or 338. 7 μmol · L- 1of GSTD was added together with OA,fat accumulation in cells was greatly inhibited,and intracellular TG contents were reduced averagely by 35% and 43. 6%,respectively( P 0. 01 vs OA alone). After administration,GSTD could increase the levels of p-AMPKα and p-ACC in HL-7702 cells time and dose dependently. Compound C could completely abolish the stimulating activity of GSTD on AMPK pathway and block its reducing effect on hepatic TG accumulation. Conclusions GSTD greatly inhibits OA-induced fat accumulation and reduces intracellular TG contents in HL-7702 cells; the efficacy of GSTD is dependent on the activation of cellular AMPK pathway.