Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validation and Application of Electronic Propinquity Theory to Computer-Mediated Communication in Groups

This research presents an experiment based on the theory of electronic propinquity, testing how the presence of alternate communication media, media bandwidth, information complexity, and users' communication skills affect propinquity (the psychological feeling of nearness) and satisfaction that communicators experience using different communication channels. Groups communicated using one or two of several different channels, including face-to-face, desktop video, audio, and text-based chat, with channel differences between members in some groups. Predicted effects of bandwidth, information complexity, communication skills, and comparative media availability on propinquity and satisfaction were observed. These findings demonstrate a confound in previous research on propinquity theory, suggest newfound validity, and extend the model to interactive computer-mediated communication channels unanticipated by the original theory. Implications include the potential of electronic propinquity to account for discrepancies in the research on computer-mediated communication that have been generated by other theories.
THE EFFECT OF SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS ON COLOR VARIATION IN AGING POPULATIONS OF SERRATIA MARCESCENS

The ability of chemical agents to induce mutations is of considerable theoretical and practical importance and is being studied by many investigators. Among the chemicals that have been reported to give positive results with bacteria is the surface-active agent sodium desoxycholate, which induces phage-resistant mutants in Escherichia coli (Witkin, 1947; Latarjet, 1948). Previous work had shown that sodium lauryl sulfate and other detergents markedly affected the proportions of mutant color types in aging cultures of Serratia marcescens (Bunting, 1942). However, these observations were made with the highly unstable no. 274 ATCC strain, and it was not clear whether the surface-active compounds affected the mechanism by which the variants were produced, or whether they exerted a selective effect on specific color types already present in the cultures. Since the concentrations used were not toxic, and since the effect was not apparent until after logarithmic growth ceased, the latter seemed more probable. The experiments to be reported in this paper were designed to investigate the manner in which surface-active agents alter the proportions of color types in aging cultures. In order to differentiate between possible selective and mutagenic effects of the compounds to be tested, it was preferable to study their action on cells that were relatively stable with respect to genetic color variation. For this purpose, the well-known Hy strain of Serratia marcescens (Rettger, 1911) was selected. The characteristic color variant found, when a broth culture of red cells was plated on a synthetic ammonium citrate, glycerol medium,2 was an extremely stable white. Colonies of the typical red and white types were selected and maintained as stocks for further experimental work. Variants, mostly of the white type, have been observed in small numbers in all extensive platings of the red stock, but no pigmented colony has yet arisen spontaneously from the white stock. It was reasoned that if surface-active agents influenced the porportions of-color types in cultures of the stable Hy strain, it would be under one of two definitive situations. Either the effect would be more evident in cultures inoculated with a single color type, in which case one would conclude that the agents were mutagenic, or the effect would be conspicuous primarily in cultures inoculated with a mixture of color types, which would indicate that the action was selective. Experiments were set up to test this point.
Lectins: Carbohydrate-specific Reagents and Biological Recognition Molecules

The occurrence in nature of proteins with hemagglutinating activity that in later years were shown to be sugar-specific and eventually named lectins has been known since the turn of the 19th century, but until about two decades ago they aroused little interest (for a historical survey, see Ref. 1). My own involvement with these proteins began inadvertently and initially on a part-time basis in the early 1960s after my return to theWeizmann Institute from two and a half years of exciting and educational postdoctoral studies in the United States. During the first of these I worked in the laboratory of Fritz Lipmann at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Lipmann, one of the most influential biochemists of the last century, was then interested in the mechanism of protein biosynthesis. I was assigned to study the amino acid activation reaction (the first step in this process), work that resulted in two publications (2, 3). Concurrently, I greatly enriched my knowledge of biochemistry, mainly from my fellow postdoctoral students, and especially from the guest seminars in which ongoing biochemical discoveries and developments were reported. I spent the second postdoctoral year at the Massachusetts General Hospital with Roger Jeanloz, a leading carbohydrate chemist, where I got my training in the subject and also succeeded in isolating an unusual diamino sugar from a Bacillus polysaccharide I had brought with me from Rehovot (4) (see below); the remaining time I worked with Dan Koshland at Brookhaven National Laboratory on the mechanism of action of myosin ATPase (5, 6). Dan was then starting to make his mark on enzymology with his “induced fit” concept of enzyme action, originally greeted with much skepticism (7). Back at Rehovot my original aim was to establish the structure of that diamino sugar; I was fortunate to receive for this purpose my first National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant, a modest one of some $25,000 for 3 years. (This would have been unheard of at the present time because nothing was known then about the function of the compound.) The task tookme (with a couple of graduate students) over a decade; eventually we were able to prove by degradation and synthesis that the compound in question, which we named bacillosamine, is 2,4-diamino-2,4,6-trideoxy-Dglucose (8, 9). To my delight, the di-N-acetyl derivative of bacillosamine has recently been found attached glycosidically to the amide of asparagine or the hydroxyl of serine in the carbohydratepeptide linkage region of several interesting glycoproteins of pathogenic bacteria (10). By a strange twist of fate, most of these glycoproteins were originally isolated in 2002 byMartin Young and his colleagues at the National Research Laboratories, Ottawa, from Campylobacter jejuni by affinity chromatography on immobilized soybean agglutinin (SBA) (11), the first lectin I got involved with 40 years earlier.
A 10-b 80Ms/s time-interleaved pipeline ADC using partially opamp sharing Scheme

A 10-bit 80 MS/s two-channel time-interleaved pipeline analog-digital converter is presented. Nonlinearity and Mismatch between the channels are minimized by applying partially opamp sharing scheme. And a dedicated double-sampling SHA is employed to eliminate time skew between the channels. The converter architecture is also optimized for power dissipation by employing dynamic comparator and stage scaling down technology. Simulated with 0.5 um technology, the ADC dissipates 210 mw of power from a 5 v supply, and achieves a peak SNDR of 56 dB at 80 Ms/s.
Repeated measures of serum glucose and insulin in relation to postmenopausal breast cancer

Experimental and epidemiological evidence suggests that circulating glucose and insulin may play a role in breast carcinogenesis. However, few cohort studies have examined breast cancer risk in association with glucose and insulin levels, and studies to date have had only baseline measurements of exposure. We conducted a longitudinal study of postmenopausal breast cancer risk using the 6% random sample of women in the Women's Health Initiative clinical trials whose fasting blood samples, provided at baseline and at years 1, 3 and 6, were analyzed for glucose and insulin. In addition, a 1% sample of women in the observational study, who had glucose and insulin measured in fasting blood samples drawn at baseline and in year 3, were included in the analysis. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association of baseline and follow‐up measurements of serum glucose and insulin with breast cancer risk. All statistical tests were 2‐sided. Among 5,450 women with baseline serum glucose and insulin values, 190 incident cases of breast cancer were ascertained over a median of 8.0 years of follow‐up. The highest tertile of baseline insulin, relative to the lowest, was associated with a 2‐fold increase in risk in the total population (multivariable hazard ratio 2.22, 95% confidence interval 1.39–3.53) and with a 3‐fold increase in risk in women who were not enrolled in the intervention arm of any clinical trial (multivariable hazard ratio 3.15, 95% confidence interval 1.61–6.17). Glucose levels showed no association with risk. Analysis of the repeated measurements supported the results of the baseline analysis. These data suggest that elevated serum insulin levels may be a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer. © 2009 UICC
Self-Efficacies Interactive Effects of Physical Disability Severity and Age of Disability Onset on

In this study, the authors focused on the context of physical disabilities (i.e., one’s age when a disability manifests and the severity with which it impacts major life activities) to better understand how disabilities influence vocational self-efficacies. Consistent with Social Cognitive Career Theory, age of onset moderated the relationship between disability severity and self-efficacies in the Realistic, Artistic, Social, and Conventional vocational domains. Specifically, disability severity had a strong, negative impact on self-efficacies for people who became physically disabled later in life. In contrast, the relationship between disability severity and self-efficacy was nonsignificant for people who became disabled in early childhood. These findings held across Holland’s Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional domains when controlling for a variety of other person inputs and domain-specific learning experiences.
The Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech—Augmented: A Validated and Reliable Measure for Auditing Cleft Speech

Objectives To develop an assessment tool for use in intercenter audit studies of cleft speech and to test its acceptability, validity, and reliability. The tool is to be used systematically to record and report speech outcomes, providing an indication of treatment needs and continuing burden of care. Setting Regional Cleft Center, U.K. Methods The Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech—Augmented (CAPS-A) was developed by three cleft speech experts who identified the key features required from existing assessment measures. Criterion validity was assessed by comparing the Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech—Augmented outcomes reported for 20 cases with clinical assessment results and other investigations. Intra- and interrater reliability were tested following the training of specialist speech and language therapists who used the Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech—Augmented on two occasions to assess 10 cases. The raters evaluated acceptability and ease of using a questionnaire. Results The mean percentage agreement for criterion validity in each section was 87% (range 70% to 100%). Both intra- and interexaminer reliability were rated as good/very good (Kappa 0.61 to 1.00) for seven sections and moderate (Kappa 0.41 to 0.60) for three sections. Raters reported that the Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech—Augmented was acceptable and easy to use with appropriate training. Conclusion An acceptable, valid, and reliable cleft speech audit tool has been developed based on a small sample. The Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech—Augmented is recommended for use in intercenter audit studies in the U.K. and Ireland and could be used in other English-speaking countries. In addition, it has wider applicability for use in reporting speech outcomes of surgical procedures.
Transport Characteristics of Propantheline Across Rat Intestinal Brush Border Membrane

Abstract— The transport mechanism of propantheline, an anti‐acetylcholine quaternary ammonium compound, has been studied using brush border membrane vesicles isolated from rat small intestine. The uptake of propantheline was facilitated by the transmembrane electrical potential difference (cell interior negative) induced by NaSCN, NaI or valinomycin. But this effect was a secondary action; in the initial phase of propantheline uptake (< 5 min), there was no facilitating effect. When the transmembrane potential difference was induced after propantheline uptake had reached a steady state, there was an overshoot of the drug. Therefore, it is suggested that the transport of propantheline across the brush border membrane consists of at least two processes. In the first, propantheline rapidly binds to the brush border membrane, in the second it enters into epithelium driven by the negative transmembrane electrical potential difference. Cationic tertiary amines such as chlorpromazine, imipramine and promethazine markedly inhibited propantheline uptake. These results suggest that there is a common absorption process for tertiary amines and quaternary ammonium compounds.
Protein kinase A inhibitors enhance radiation‐induced apoptosis

In addition to a role for de novo protein synthesis in apoptosis we have previously shown that activation of a protein phosphatase or loss of activity of a kinase is also important in radiation‐induced apoptosis in human cells [Baxter, and Lavin (1992): J Immunol 148:149–1954]. We show here that some inhibitors of protein kinases exacerbate radiation‐induced apoptosis in the human cell line BM13674. The specific protein kinase A inhibitor isoquinoline sulfonamide (20 μM) gave rise to significantly increased levels of apoptosis at 2–6 h postirradiation compared to values after radiation exposure only. The same concentration of isoquinolinesulfonamide, which was effective in increasing apoptosis, reduced activity markedly. A 66% inhibition of cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase A activity occurred in unirradiated cells at this concentration of H89 and activity was reduced to 58% in irradiated cells. Calphostin C, a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C, at a concentration of 0.1 μM, which caused 68% inhibition of enzyme activity in irradiated cells, failed to enhance the level of radiation‐induced apoptosis. Other kinase inhibitors did not lead to an additional increase in apoptosis over and above that observed after irradiation. The results obtained here provide further support for an important role for modification of existing proteins during radiation‐induced apoptosis.
The Chinese Mental Resilience Scale and its psychometric properties

This study aimed to develop a Chinese Mental Resilience Scale. A total of 2500 healthy participants, in two representative samples of the Chinese population, were administered the scale. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and correlation analysis were used to obtain the relevant coefficients and verify the reliability and validity of the scale. Five factors were extracted: willpower, family support, optimism and self-confidence, problem solving, and interpersonal interaction, plus a lying subscale, which together accounted for 54 percent of the total variance. The Chinese Mental Resilience Scale demonstrated good psychometric properties. It can be used to evaluate the mental resilience level of general Chinese population.
How Much Physical Activity is Needed for Good Health?

The Harvard Alumni study is reviewed critically with a view to resolving the apparent conflict between the conclusions drawn from this research and the current consensus on optimal patterns of physical activity for health. The optimal energy expenditure reported for the Harvard data set is less than at first appears, since the estimated expenditures are gross rather than net values. Further, the optimal energy expenditure has been over-estimated, because too high a cost was assumed for stair climbing, and sport involvement may also have been over-reported. The data do not as yet allow the assertion that benefit is obtained only from vigorous physical activity, and there seems little conflict with the current consensus on the benefits of moderate physical activity.
Genes encoding the same three subunits of respiratory complex II are present in the mitochondrial DNA of two phylogenetically distant eukaryotes.

Although mitochondrial DNA is known to encode a limited number (<20) of the polypeptide components of respiratory complexes I, III, IV, and V, genes for components of complex II [succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone); succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, EC 1.3. 5.1] are conspicuously lacking in mitochondrial genomes so far characterized. Here we show that the same three subunits of complex II are encoded in the mitochondrial DNA of two phylogenetically distant eukaryotes, Porphyra purpurea (a photosynthetic red alga) and Reclinomonas americana (a heterotrophic zooflagellate). These complex II genes, sdh2, sdh3, and sdh4, are homologs, respectively, of Escherichia coli sdhB, sdhC, and sdhD. In E. coli, sdhB encodes the iron-sulfur subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), whereas sdhC and sdhD specify, respectively, apocytochrome b558 and a hydrophobic 13-kDa polypeptide, which together anchor SDH to the inner mitochondrial membrane. Amino acid sequence similarities indicate that sdh2, sdh3, and sdh4 were originally encoded in the protomitochondrial genome and have subsequently been transferred to the nuclear genome in most eukaryotes. The data presented here are consistent with the view that mitochondria constitute a monophyletic lineage.
Appearance intensities for multiply charged ions in a strong laser field.

We study multiple ionization of atoms by a strong laser field using a time-dependent approach based on the Thomas-Fermi model. The evolution of the electron density under the influence of a transient, linearly polarized radiation field is determined by numerical solution of hydrodynamic equations on a two-dimensional grid. We find a threshold ``appearance intensity'' for a given charge state, i.e., the laser intensity at which such a charge state first appears, which is in reasonable agreement with experimental results for high charge states.
Image denoising via expected patch log likelihood with Gaussian model identification

In this paper, a new strategy is proposed for the existing expected patch log likelihood (EPLL) algorithm to deal with image denoising, where the Gaussian model identification is incorporated to improve the likelihood estimation for patches. In detail, the noisy patches are first divided into two categories, i.e., smooth and unsmooth groups. Sequentially, in the iteration of the likelihood estimation, these two groups are separately performed via the Gaussian models with the corresponding covariance parameters. Experiments show that, with this Gaussian model identification for patches, the proposed method can achieve the better performance than the traditional EPLL algorithm.
EFFECT OF A HIGH FLUORIDE WATER SUPPLY ON CHILDREN ' S INTELLIGENCE

In Shanxi Province, China, children living in the endemic fluoride village of Sima (water supply F = 4.12 mg/L) located near Xiaoyi City had average IQ (97.69) significantly lower (p < 0.02) than children living to the north in the nonendemic village of Xinghua (F = 0.91 mg/L; average IQ = 105.21). These differences were not associated with gender, but the IQ scores were directly related to educational level of the parents.
Measuring real-time traffic data quality based on Floating Car Data

Congestion is a growing and global problem, impacting the majority of people traveling and goods moving. Governments are challenged to keep the traffic flowing, to reduce pollution and decrease the economic damage caused by congestion. Highly accurate traffic information helps governments to reach their goals to become smart and sustainable. Due to the increasing volume of connected navigation devices in the market (PNDs, smartphone applications, in-dash devices) Floating Car Data (FCD) becomes widely available. When this data is matched with a map and processed in a traffic fusion process real-time traffic solutions including traffic incidents and traffic flow are created. However, FCD comes in many different qualities. To guarantee the quality, different techniques need to be incorporated into the fusion process, including the abilities to measure the quality of delay data, the quality of transit time data and the quality of journalistic incident data.
Development of an Automotive Ground Vehicle Platform for Autonomous Urban Operations

Autonomous ground vehicle operations, such as those found in the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge, require a reliable and capable vehicle platform. To meet this requirement, an autonomous ground vehicle platform based on a 2005 Ford Escape Hybrid was developed for operations in urban environments. The vehicle conversion, dubbed Odin, contains a drive-by-wire system that is highly integrated with the OEM systems, providing throttle, steering, shifting, and braking actuation. The vehicle also includes a controller that provides low-level longitudinal using a map-linearized PI controller and lateral curvature control using a bicycle model. The control algorithms proved capable of controlling the vehicle at a level acceptable for autonomous operations. Communications are implemented using the Joint Architecture for Unmanned Systems (JAUS) using custom messages to enhance interoperability potential. The net result is a highly capable autonomous vehicle platform that was validated when Odin successfully completed the 60 mile Urban Challenge. This work received support from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, General Dynamics Robotics Systems, Caterpillar, Inc., National Instruments Corporation, Ford Motor Company, and TORC Technologies, LLC.
Production Inventory Model for Deteriorating Items with Common Distribution Machine Unavailability

In this work we developed EPQ models for deteriorating items by considering stochastic machine unavailability and price-dependent demand. Moreover, we approach the distribution of the machine unavailability using kernel density estimation. Therefore, the assumption of any distribution models, such as uniformly or exponentially distribution can be neglected and the shape of the distribution will follow the given data. To solve the models, we will employ Genetic Algorithm, since the close form solution cannot be derived. A numerical example and sensitivity analysis will be given to illustrate the models.
La Video grabación de la práctica docente, una estrategia para el desarrollo de la docencia reflexiva

Introducción En mi labor como formadora de docentes del último año de la carrera de Licenciadas en Educación Preescolar, me he enfrentado al reto de lograr que las futuras docentes sean analíticas y críticas, lo que implica un proceso de descentramiento al vislumbrar que las cosas no siempre se están dando como ellas creen o imagina que son. La formación de docentes para el nivel preescolar como profesionales reflexivos plantea una serie de retos que requieren de diversas estrategias para llevar a las docentes en formación a tener una mirada autocrítica respecto de su actuar docente. El Plan de estudios vigente orienta hacia la formación de docentes reflexivos capaces de enfrentar los retos de un mundo complejo, cambiante e incierto, en donde el aula se presenta como un espacio de síntesis de la complejidad social que se vive actualmente, al respecto las competencias que señala dicho documento están divididas en cinco campos en relación a: Habilidades intelectuales específicas Dominio de los propósitos y contenidos básicos de la educación preescolar Competencias didácticas Identidad profesional y ética Capacidad de percepción y respuesta a las condiciones sociales del entorno de la escuela.