Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GAS IN THE DISK OF CENTAURUS A USING THE HERSCHEL SPACE OBSERVATORY

We search for variations in the disk of Centaurus A of the emission from atomic fine structure lines using Herschel PACS and SPIRE spectroscopy. In particular, we observe the [C ii](158 μm), [N ii](122 and 205 μm), [O i](63 and 145 μm), and [O iii](88 μm) lines, which all play an important role in cooling the gas in photo-ionized and photodissociation regions (PDRs). We determine that the ([C ii]+[O i]63)/FTIR line ratio, a proxy for the heating efficiency of the gas, shows no significant radial trend across the observed region, in contrast to observations of other nearby galaxies. We determine that 10%–20% of the observed [C ii] emission originates in ionized gas. Comparison between our observations and a PDR model shows that the strength of the far-ultraviolet radiation field, G0, varies between 101.75 and 102.75 and the hydrogen nucleus density varies between 102.75 and 103.75 cm−3, with no significant radial trend in either property. In the context of the emission line properties of the grand-design spiral galaxy M51 and the elliptical galaxy NGC 4125, the gas in Cen A appears more characteristic of that in typical disk galaxies rather than elliptical galaxies.
Holographic Action for Self-dual Fields

The problem of formulating a quantum self-dual field is an important part of the formulation of string theory and supergravity. It is very subtle. It was pointed out some time ago by Marcus and Schwarz [2] that there is no simple Poincare invariant action principle for the self-dual gauge field. Since then, much has been written about the action and the quantization of the self-dual field. Nevertheless, we believe the last word has not yet been said on this problem. The main point of my talk is to describe a new approach to the formulation of an action principle for self-dual fields.
Prolonged antiresorptive activity of zoledronate: A randomized, controlled trial

Annual intravenous administration of 5 mg of zoledronate decreases fracture risk over 3 years. The optimal dosing interval of 5 mg of zoledronate is not known. In order to determine the duration of the antiresorptive action of a single 5‐mg dose of intravenous zoledronate, we conducted a 3‐year double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial in a volunteer sample of 50 postmenopausal women with osteopenia. The coprimary endpoints were the bone turnover markers β‐C‐terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β‐CTX) and serum procollagen type‐I N‐terminal propeptide (P1NP). Secondary endpoints were bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine, total hip, and total body. After 3 years, mean (95% confidence interval) levels of serum β‐CTX and P1NP were 44% (27–60) and 40% (24%–56%) lower in the zoledronate group (p < .001 versus placebo for each marker). BMD was higher in the zoledronate group than in the placebo group by an average of 6.8% (4.6%–9.1%) at the lumbar spine, 4.0% (1.8%–6.3%) at the total hip, and 2.0% (0.9%–3.0%) at the total body (p < .001 for each skeletal site). Between‐group differences in markers of bone turnover and BMD were stable from 12 to 36 months. These data demonstrate that the antiresorptive effects of a single 5‐mg dose of zoledronate are sustained for 3 years; clinical trials to investigate the antifracture efficacy of dosing intervals longer than 1 year are justified. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Relationship among organizational support, JIT implementation, and performance

As a result of progressive implementations of just‐in‐time (JIT) management practices, researchers have attempted to identify those elements critical to the success of implementation. While the literature shows general agreement on organizational support as a key element, a paucity of empirical studies exist to test this proposition. This study tests the relationship among organizational support, JIT implementation, and performance in US production systems with the use of LISREL confirmatory factor analysis. Data collected via a survey are used to test the proposition that organizational support positively influences JIT implementation, and that organizational support and JIT implementation collectively contribute to improved performance. JIT implementation, organizational support, and performance are, respectively, independent, moderator, and dependent variables. The findings suggest that organizational support influences the implementation process and is therefore deemed an appropriate starting point in the causal relationship model. Identifies a successive causal relationship from organizational support to improved performance through JIT implementation.
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy mitochondrial DNA mutations in multiple sclerosis

The observation of a multiple sclerosis (MS)–like illness in patients, particularly women, who carry the most common Lber's hereditary optic neuropathy mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation may indicate a contributory role for mitochondrial genes in genetic susceptibility to MS. We screened 307 unrelated MS patients, ascertained from population surveys, for the pathogenic Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy mutations at positions 11778 and 3460 of mt DNA, and also studied 20 patients with prominent and early optic nerve involvement. In addition, these 307 patients and 129 control subjects were investigated for the base change at position 13708, which has been suggested to paly a role in the pathogenesis of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Neither of the pathogenic mtDNA mutations occured in the unselected MS patients. The 13708 base change was present in MS patients at a frequency similar to that in healthy control subjects. Three of the patients selected on the basis of severe optic nerve involvement had either the 11778 (one) or 3460 (two) mutations associated with Leber's herediatary optic neuropathy. All were women and none had affected relatives. We conclude that these mutations do not contribute to genetically determined susceptibility in typical MS patients, although a mitochondrial genetic component in the etiology of MS remains possible. A subgroup of MS patients, particularly females with severe bilateral visual failure due to optic neuropathy, may harbor a Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy mutation and we suggest that mtDNA analysis is appropriate in these patients.
Apical Cargo Traverses Endosomal Compartments on the Passage to the Cell Surface

Epithelial polarity is based on intracellular sorting machinery that maintains the asymmetric distribution of lipids and proteins to the cell surface. Dependent on their lipid raft affinity, newly synthesized apical polypeptides are segregated into distinct vesicle populations subsequent to the passage through the Golgi apparatus. Using a combined fluorescence microscopic and biochemical approach, we found that lipid raft‐associated sucrase‐isomaltase (SI) as well as non‐raft‐associated lactase‐phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) traverse endosomal compartments before entering the apical membrane. Fluorescent fusion proteins of both hydrolases were co‐stained with Rab4‐, Rab8‐ and Rab11‐positive endosomes in polarized Madin–Darby canine kidney and non‐polarized COS‐1 cells. Immunoisolation of post‐Golgi vesicles subsequent to different times of TGN release revealed that LPH and SI navigate in chronological order through Rab4‐, Rab8‐ and Rab11‐positive endosomes. Thereafter, the two hydrolases are segregated into distinct vesicle populations. In addition, apical membrane traffic could be significantly inhibited by RNA interference‐mediated depletion of these guanosine triphosphatases. These results suggest that in epithelial cells, lipid raft‐dependent and ‐independent apical cargo follow a transendosomal route.
Efficacy of naltrexone on acetylcholine‐induced alloknesis in atopic eczema

Abstract: Atopic eczema (AE) is a chronically pruritic inflammatory skin disease. Although the mediators and exact mechanisms eliciting and sustaining pruritus are not completely known, AE patients in clinical trials have been shown to benefit under treatment with morphine antagonists. Naltrexone (NAL) is a relatively pure morphine antagonist that blocks the effects of opioids twice as much as naloxone. NAL exhibits minimal pharmacological activity and displaces endorphines at mu‐ and kappa‐receptors without its own intrinsic activity. NAL's excellent oral bioavailability and linear increases in the area under plasma concentration‐time curve make it ideal for use in experimental studies. We designed our present experiments similar to former experiments evaluating both peripheral cutaneous sensations and central itch procession in order to gain more information about the possible distribution of opioid receptors and their involvement in the pathophysiology of pruritus. Eleven AE patients participated in our double‐blind study. Either 25 mg of NAL (Nemexin®) or a placebo (PLA) was given to the participants 60 min prior to the acetylcholine (ACH) injection [intracutaneous (i.c.) injection of 0.02 ml of 0.55 M]. A PLA stimulus with buffered saline served as control on the opposite forearm. We used laser Doppler flowmetry to measure the vasomotoric changes after ACH injection and recorded the duration and intensity of itch with a visual analogue scale (VAS). Following the evaluation of wheal and flare sensation, we obtained the area of itchy skin around the injection site (alloknesis) by gently stroking the surrounding skin with a brush in the centripetal direction towards the injection site. The results were planimetrically evaluated. Oral NAL reduced the perifocal itch significantly (P < 0.009). In four of our observations the area of alloknesis completely disappeared. Itch duration was reduced by 20 s and the intensity of itch was diminished, yet not significantly. NAL had no significant effects on cholinergic vasoreactions measured by the laser Doppler (P > 0.50) and especially failed to decrease the initial flux response, which is a typical sign of an altered vascular reaction (P > 0.25). The decrease of wheal (P = 0.008) and flare (P = 0.01) extension indicates an appropriate dosage of our treatment for this experiment. The most significant effects of NAL were observed in parameters of itch processing such as alloknesis (P = 0.009) and flare extension (P = 0.01). Therefore we favour the concept that NAL might have a stronger impact on central nervous mechanisms than on peripheral nociceptive structures.
Improved rotational matching of SIFT and SURF

Scale-Invariant Feature Transform(SIFT) and Speeded-Up Robust Feature(SURF) are common techniques used for extracting robust features that can be used to perform matching between different viewpoints of scenes. Both methods basically involve three main stages, which are feature extraction, orientation assignment and feature descriptor extraction for matching. SURF is computation efficient compared to SIFT because the integral image is used for the convolutions to reduce computation time. However, both methods also do not focus much on the technique of matching. This paper introduces a method which can help to improve the rotational matching performance in term of accuracy by establishing a decision matrix and an approximated rotational angle within two corresponding images. The proposed method generally improved the matching rate around 10% to 20% in terms of accuracy.
Time-resolved diffraction and interference: Young's interference with photons of different energy as revealed by time resolution

We present time-resolved diffraction and two-slit interference experiments using a streak camera as a detector for femtosecond pulses of photons. These experiments show how the diffraction pattern is built by adding frames of a few photons to each frame. It is estimated that after 300 photons the diffraction pattern emerges. With time resolution we can check the speed of light and put an upper limit of 2 ps at our resolution to the time for wave function collapse in the quantum measurement process. We then produce interference experiments with photons of different energies impinging on the slits, i.e. we know which photon impinges on each slit. We show that for poor time resolution, no interference is observed, but for high time resolution, we have interference that is revealed as beats of 100 GHz frequency. The condition for interference is that the two pulses should overlap spatially at the detector, even if the pulses have different energies but are generated from the same pulse of the laser. The interference seems to be in agreement with classical theory at first sight. However, closer study and analysis of the data show deviations in the visibility of the interference fringes and of their phase. These experiments are discussed in connection with quantum mechanics and it may be concluded that the time resolution provides new data for understanding the longstanding and continuing arguments on wave-particle duality initiated by Newton, Young, Fresnel, Planck and others. A thought experiment is presented in the appendix to try to distinguish the photons at the detector by making it sensitive to colour.
The type III secretion chaperone LcrH co‐operates with YopD to establish a negative, regulatory loop for control of Yop synthesis in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

The enteropathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a model system used to study the molecular mechanisms by which Gram‐negative pathogens secrete and subsequently translocate antihost effector proteins into target eukaryotic cells by a common type III secretion system (TTSS). In this process, YopD (Yersiniaouter protein D) is essential to establish regulatory control of Yop synthesis and the ensuing translocation process. YopD function depends upon the non‐secreted TTSS chaperone LcrH (low‐calcium response H), which is required for presecretory stabilization of YopD. However, as a new role for TTSS chaperones in virulence gene regulation has been proposed recently, we undertook a detailed analysis of LcrH. A lcrH null mutant constitutively produced Yops, even when this strain was engineered to produce wild‐type levels of YopD. Furthermore, the YopD–LcrH interaction was necessary to regain the negative regulation of virulence associated genes yops). This finding was used to investigate the biological significance of several LcrH mutants with varied YopD binding potential. Mutated LcrH alleles were introduced in trans into a lcrH null mutant to assess their impact on yop regulation and the subsequent translocation of YopE, a Rho‐GTPase activating protein, across the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Two mutants, LcrHK20E, E30G, I31V, M99V, D136G and LcrHE30G lost all regulatory control, even though YopD binding and secretion and the subsequent translocation of YopE was indistinguishable from wild type. Moreover, these regulatory deficient mutants showed a reduced ability to bind YscY in the two‐hybrid assay. Collectively, these findings confirm that LcrH plays an active role in yop regulation that might be mediated via an interaction with the Ysc secretion apparatus. This chaperone–substrate interaction presents an innovative means to establish a regulatory hierarchy in Yersinia infections. It also raises the question as to whether or not LcrH is a true chaperone involved in stabilization and secretion of YopD or a regulatory protein responsible for co‐ordinating synthesis of Yersinia virulence determinants. We suggest that LcrH can exhibit both of these activities.
Life beyond Distributed Transactions: an Apostate's Opinion

Many decades of work have been invested in the area of distributed transactions including protocols such as 2PC, Paxos, and various approaches to quorum. These protocols provide the application programmer a facade of global serializability. Personally, I have invested a nontrivial portion of my career as a strong advocate for the implementation and use of platforms providing guarantees of global serializability. My experience over the last decade has led me to liken these platforms to the Maginot Line. In general, application developers simply do not implement large scalable applications assuming distributed transactions. When they attempt to use distributed transactions, the projects founder because the performance costs and fragility make them impractical. Natural selection kicks in. 1 The Maginot Line was a huge fortress that ran the length of the Franco-German border and was constructed at great expense between World War I and World War II. It successfully kept the German army from directly crossing the border between France and Germany. It was quickly bypassed by the Germans in 1940 who invaded through Belgium. This article is published under a Creative Commons License Agreement (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/). You may copy, distribute, display, and perform the work, make derivative works and make commercial use of the work, but you must attribute the work to the author and CIDR 2007. 3 Biennial Conference on Innovative DataSystems Research (CIDR) January 7-10, Asilomar, California USA. Instead, applications are built using different techniques which do not provide the same transactional guarantees but still meet the needs of their businesses. This paper explores and names some of the practical approaches used in the implementations of large-scale mission-critical applications in a world which rejects distributed transactions. We discuss the management of fine-grained pieces of application data which may be repartitioned over time as the application grows. We also discuss the design patterns used in sending messages between these repartitionable pieces of data. The reason for starting this discussion is to raise awareness of new patterns for two reasons. First, it is my belief that this awareness can ease the challenges of people hand-crafting very large scalable applications. Second, by observing the patterns, hopefully the industry can work towards the creation of platforms that make it easier to build these very large applications.
Empirical Study of Image Classification Techniques to Classify the Image using SVM:A Review

Medical data are increasing continuously so we need to classify these data and classification is very important task which can help in finding the hidden information from the images and specialist to detect the affected area and disease early. In this paper image classification is our main objective and we try to understand that which type of data we need to classify and what are the classification techniques which we can apply to classify the medical images. Here we review on some classification techniques and we are mainly focus on the SVM (Support Vector Machine) technique. It is widely used today because it handles the multi dimensional data and gives the best and accurate result.
Tenure Analytics : Models for Predicting Research Impact

Authors are encouraged to submit new papers to INFORMS journals by means of a style file template, which includes the journal title. However, use of a template does not certify that the paper has been accepted for publication in the named journal. INFORMS journal templates are for the exclusive purpose of submitting to an INFORMS journal and should not be used to distribute the papers in print or online or to submit the papers to another publication.
Using iRT, a normalized retention time for more targeted measurement of peptides

Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) has recently become the method of choice for targeted quantitative measurement of proteins using mass spectrometry. The method, however, is limited in the number of peptides that can be measured in one run. This number can be markedly increased by scheduling the acquisition if the accurate retention time (RT) of each peptide is known. Here we present iRT, an empirically derived dimensionless peptide‐specific value that allows for highly accurate RT prediction. The iRT of a peptide is a fixed number relative to a standard set of reference iRT‐peptides that can be transferred across laboratories and chromatographic systems. We show that iRT facilitates the setup of multiplexed experiments with acquisition windows more than four times smaller compared to in silico RT predictions resulting in improved quantification accuracy. iRTs can be determined by any laboratory and shared transparently. The iRT concept has been implemented in Skyline, the most widely used software for MRM experiments.
Reliability of Graded Exercise Testing after Traumatic Brain Injury: Submaximal and Peak Responses

Mossberg KA, Greene BP: Reliability of graded exercise testing after traumatic brain injury: Submaximal and peak responses. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2005;84:492–500. Objective:To assess the reliability of the submaximal and peak responses to a treadmill graded exercise test in individuals recovering from traumatic brain injury. Design:A total of 15 individuals (11 men, 4 women; 28.5 ± 9.2 yrs) with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury admitted into a postacute residential treatment center 10 ± 7 mos after injury performed two treadmill graded exercise tests separated by 4–8 days. Heart rate, oxygen consumption (in milliliters per minute per kilogram), minute ventilation (in liters per minute), and respiratory exchange ratio (carbon dioxide output/oxygen consumption) were continuously monitored at 1-min intervals. Submaximal and peak values were analyzed for absolute level of agreement using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results:The submaximal intraclass correlation coefficient values for all variables between minutes 3 and 7 ranged from 0.80 to 0.93. Submaximal intraclass correlation coefficients before and in the subsequent minutes were less than optimal for heart rate and minute ventilation. Lower intensity workloads elicited slightly better agreement than higher intensity workloads. The peak response intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.77 (heart rate) to 0.92 (oxygen consumption). Conclusion:Despite the presence of other co-morbidities, subjects recovering from traumatic brain injury provided consistent individual responses, allowing for reliable assessments of cardiorespiratory conditioning programs. Assessments of ambulatory efficiency, endurance, and aerobic fitness adaptations as a result of treatment for persons with traumatic brain injury should include analyses of submaximal responses to graded exercise.
Induction of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNF‐R75) release by HIV adsorption on cultured human monocytes

Soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors were recently detected in the circulation of patients with early HIV‐induced disease, at significantly higher levels than in control subjects. They were proposed as markers of disease progression and of the degree of immunodeficiency. We report that adsorption of heat‐inactivated HIV‐1 LAI to isolated human monocytes triggers the release of both TNF‐α and its natural specific inhibitor, the soluble TNF receptor (sTNF‐R)75, but not that of sTNF‐R55. Only limited inhibition of sTNF‐R release was obtained in the presence of a fully neutralizing anti‐TNF‐α monoclonal antibody, suggesting that stimulation by TNF‐α was only partially responsible for sTNF‐R release. HIV‐1 LAI induced a higher sTNF‐R/TNF ratio than lipopolysaccharide, a well‐known monocyte activator. Monocytes thus represent a cellular source of sTNF‐R that can be detected in the circulation of HIV‐infected patients from seroconversion onwards. The release of sTNF‐R could be of great significance in the control of HIV infection via the cytokine network and especially TNF‐α.