Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnosing the Role of Alfvén Waves in Global Field‐Aligned Current System Dynamics During Southward IMF: Swarm Observations

Field‐aligned currents (FACs) are a primary signature of magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling (MIC). However, establishing FACs requires the propagation of Alfvén waves. Large‐scale quasi‐static FACs are well‐organized into large‐scale Region 1 (R1) and Region 2 (R2) systems during intervals of southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF); however, the scale‐dependent spatiotemporal variability and related electrodynamics are less well understood. Using the electric and magnetic field data from Swarms A and C, we examine the role of Alfvén waves in MIC at a range of scales during two auroral crossings during southward IMF on May 16, 2016. Interspacecraft techniques reveal large amplitude small‐scale (10s km) non‐stationary magnetic fields inconsistent with a quasi‐static formulation. Cross‐phase techniques reveal a frequency‐dependent E/B ratio and E‐B phase difference consistent with an Alfvén wave interpretation, validated using the Lysak (1991, https://doi.org/10.1029/90JA02154) ionospheric Alfvén resonator model constrained by inferred local Swarm plasma mass density. Local large amplitude E and B fields indicate the importance of Alfvénic energy transport at small scales. Evidence for Poynting flux concentration at the boundary between large‐scale upward and downward FACs is also presented. Our results suggest that cross‐scale FAC characteristics can be explained by a single Alfvén wave paradigm: quasi‐static large‐scale FACs representing the ω → 0 limit of a broader continuum of spatial scales associated with MIC. Future work should assess in more detail the energetic significance of small scales and the potential localization of large amplitude small‐scale disturbances at large scale FAC boundaries and assess related scale‐dependent MIC including Alfvénic ionospheric feedback.
Smart Green Communication Protocols Based on Several-Fold Messages Extracted from Common Sequential Patterns in UAVs

Green communications can be crucial for saving energy in UAVs and enhancing their autonomy. The current work proposes to extract common sequential patterns of communications to gather each common pattern into a single several- fold message with a high-level compression. Since the messages of a pattern are elapsed from each other in time, the current approach performs a machine learning approach for estimating the elapsed times using off-line training. The learned predictive model is applied by each UAV during flight when receiving a several-fold compressed message. We have explored neural networks, linear regression and correlation analyses among others. The current approach has been tested in the domain of surveillance. In specific-purpose fleets of UAVs, the number of transmissions was reduced by 13.9 percent.
Is Social Media a Digital Pulpit? How Evangelical Leaders Use Twitter to Encourage the Faithful and Publicize Their Work

Social media is altering how some religious leaders communicate with their followers and with the public. This has the potential to challenge theories of religious communication that have been developed through the study of traditional modes such as sermons. This study examines how leaders in U.S. evangelicalism take advantage of the public platform provided by Twitter. Using over 85,000 tweets from 88 prominent evangelical leaders, we find that these leaders often use their social media platforms as a natural extension of their current modes of communication. More specifically, evangelical leaders use their account to encourage and inspire their followers, while also conveying information about upcoming personal projects such as tours and book releases. In a small number of cases, evangelical leaders do make reference to political issues, but those individuals are ones who have already built a brand based on political commentary. Speaking broadly, the usage of political language by evangelical leaders is rare. The paper concludes with a discussion of how this analysis advances theories of religion and communication.
Scalable Talbot effect of periodic array objects

A type of scalable self-imaging capable of variable magnification or minification of periodic objects is demonstrated in the focal plane of a lens illuminated by a point source. The theory and the experimental results show that the self-imaging phenomenon can also be realized in the focal plane of a lens regardless of whether the distances satisfy the lens formula or not. The particular property of this scalable self-imaging effect is that the images in the focal plane can be controlled with different scaling factors only when the distances between the point source and the periodic object satisfy a certain condition. This discovery should open a new field of diffraction imaging and new application opportunities in precision measurement.
Greenhouse gas fluxes from reservoirs determined by watershed lithology, morphometry, and anthropogenic pressure

Human population growth has increased the demand for water and clean energy, leading to the massive construction of reservoirs. Reservoirs can emit greenhouse gases (GHG) affecting the atmospheric radiative budget. The radiative forcing due to CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions and the relative contribution of each GHG in terms of CO2 equivalents to the total forcing is practically unknown. We determined simultaneously the CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes in reservoirs from diverse watersheds and under variable human pressure to cover the vast idiosyncrasy of temperate Mediterranean reservoirs. We obtained that GHG fluxes ranged more than three orders of magnitude. The reservoirs were sources of CO2 and N2O when the watershed lithology was mostly calcareous, and the crops and the urban areas dominated the landscape. By contrast, reservoirs were sinks of CO2 and N2O when the watershed lithology was predominantly siliceous, and the landscape had more than 40% of forestal coverage. All reservoirs were sources of CH4, and emissions were determined mostly by reservoir mean depth and water temperature. The radiative forcing was substantially higher during the stratification than during the mixing. During the stratification the radiative forcings ranged from 125 mg CO2 equivalents m−2 d−1 to 31 884 mg CO2 equivalents m−2 d−1 and were dominated by the CH4 emissions; whereas during the mixing the radiative forcings ranged from 29 mg CO2 equivalents m−2 d−1 to 722 mg CO2 equivalents m−2 d−1 and were dominated by CO2 emissions. The N2O contribution to the radiative forcing was minor except in one reservoir with a landscape dominated by crops and urban areas. Future construction of reservoirs should consider that siliceous bedrocks, forestal landscapes, and deep canyons could minimize their radiative forcings.
Luminescent Au6 and Au8 nanoclusters from ligand induced etching of Au nanoparticles

Metal nanoclusters (NCs) with atomic precision are receiving significant attention because of their widespread applications in the field of energy-related materials, sensing and biomedicine. In this work, luminescent Au nanoclusters (NCs) are synthesized from Au nanoparticles (NPs) by core-etching process in presence of excess glutathione (GSH) ligand. Electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometric study suggests the formation of polydisperse Au6 and Au8 NCs at elevated temperature (70 °C). The HOMO-LUMO band gap of Au6 and Au8 clusters are calculated from optimized structure. The photoluminescence maximum of as-prepared Au NCs is observed at 421 nm after excitation at 340 nm with 4.20% quantum yield (QY). Lifetime of the NCs is found to be 0.57 ns in excited state, which arises because of electronic transitions from low-lying d-bands to excited state sp bands of core-state only. Moreover the luminescence intensity of as-prepared Au NCs is found to be very stable both in acidic and basic medium. The synthesis of luminescent Au NCs from non-luminescent plasmonic Au NPs is beneficial for various applications such as sensing, biomedicine, and light emitting devices.
High School Principals’ Experiences in Implementing HIV/AIDS Education Programs

Young people are at the center of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. However, they offer a window of hope in stemming the tide of HIV/AIDS if they are reached early by HIV/AIDS education programs, whose objective is to develop the awareness, knowledge, skills, attitudes and values that reduce infections. While school-based HIV/AIDS education is believed to encompass these programmatic skills, little is known about the role and experiences of principals who oversee their implementation. This paper, which is part of a larger study, uses the cultural frame to investigate the experiences of two high school principals regarding their role in implementing HIV/AIDS education programs in Kisii County, Kenya. Data were collected through interviews and participant observation. Findings show that culture, more than policy, influences the role principals play in implementing HIV/AIDS education programs. A principal who hails from the local community where the school is situated is less likely to implement HIV/AIDS education programs that go against the community’s culture compared to one from outside. The study concluded that delocalization of principals has the potential of galvanizing the school organization to educate young people about actions they can take to protect themselves from becoming infected. Keywords: HIV/AIDS Education, School-based AIDS Education, Principalship and HIV/AIDS, HIV/AIDS and Culture DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-36-01 Publication date: December 31 st 2019
Beyond control: the criminalization of African asylum seekers in Israel

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the discursive process of criminalization of African asylum seekers in Israel. The Israeli case illuminates the way that marginalized social groups are constructed as a criminal threat, thus becoming a focal point of moral panic. Using content analysis, in-depth interviews and observations, we assert that the criminalization of asylum seekers is facilitated by their portrayal as ‘infiltrators’ who are beyond state control. State authorities’ ostensible inability to keep asylum seekers under surveillance is dialectically constructed along two main axes: the private space axis and the public space axis. On the private space axis, the asylum seekers are portrayed as unidentified people living beyond the authorities’ field of vision whose largely unreported criminality is directed against vulnerable asylum seeker women and children in the private sphere. At the same time, asylum seekers are portrayed as a prominent, faceless and animalistic presence in public space, a presence that breaches physical-spatial borders as well as social-cultural boundaries, thereby undermining the social order. Thus, asylum seekers are viewed as conspicuously invisible. This rhetoric connects border violation with criminal activity; emphasizes the pent-up potential for violence by asylum seekers; and blurs the lines between criminal threat and security threat.
The effects of extremes and temporal scale on multifractal properties of river flow time series

For accurate forecasting of extreme events in rivers, streamflow time series with sub‐daily temporal resolution (1–6 hour) are preferable, but discharge time series for long rivers are usually available at daily or monthly resolution. In this study, the scaling properties of hourly and daily streamflow time series were measured. As an innovation, the effects of extreme values on the multifractal behavior of these series were evaluated. Interestingly, both hourly and daily discharge records led to nearly identical scaling trends and identical crossover times. Daily and hourly discharge time series appeared to be non‐stationary when the timescale ranged from 75 to 366 days. Otherwise, the signals may be considered stationary time series. In addition, the results indicated that the extreme values strongly contribute to the multifractality of the series. The width of singularity spectra decreased considerably when the extreme events were removed from both hourly and daily discharge records.
Peer support: A critical review of CPD to extend beyond classroom observation

ABSTRACT Compulsory schemes that extend peer review beyond classroom observation are rare. The institution within which this study sits implements one such example named peer support. By drawing upon data from one faculty, the peer support scheme, which has been in operation since 2009 is placed under a research-led critical review. Whilst the scheme is recognised as an enriching form of professional development, time is increasingly the most precious individual academic commodity. Some elements of the peer support scheme are yet to universally convince academics that the process yields appropriate levels of personal benefit. This paper discusses conditions that will assist in reaching the time/benefit balance required to ensure the long-term efficacy of schemes akin to peer support that extend beyond observation.
Submesoscale Eddy Vertical Covariances and Dynamical Constraints from High-Resolution Numerical Simulations

We analyze high-resolution (1 km) simulations of the western Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, and Arabian Sea to understand submesoscale eddy dynamics. A mask based on the Okubo–Weiss parameter isolates small-scale eddies, and we further classify those with |ζ/f| ≥ 1 as being submesoscale eddies. Cyclonic submesoscale eddies exhibit a vertical depth structure in which temperature anomalies from the large-scale background are negative. Peak density anomalies associated with cyclonic submesoscale eddies are found at a depth approximately twice the mixed layer depth (MLD). Within anticyclonic submesoscale eddies, temperature anomalies are positive and have peak density anomalies at the MLD. The depth–depth covariance structure for the cyclonic and anticyclonic submesoscale eddies have maxima over a shallow region near the surface and weak off diagonal elements. The observed vertical structure suggests that submesoscale eddies have a shallower depth profile and smaller vertical correlation scales when compared to the mesoscale phenomenon. We test a two-dimensional submesoscale eddy dynamical balance. Compared to a geostrophic dynamical balance using only pressure gradient and Coriolis force, including velocity tendency and advection produces lower errors by about 20%. In regions with strong tides and associated internal waves (western Pacific and Arabian Sea), using the mixed layer integrated small-scale steric height within the dynamical equations produces the lowest magnitude errors. In areas with weak tides (Gulf of Mexico), using small-scale sea surface height (SSH) produces the lowest magnitude errors. Recovering a submesoscale eddy with the correct magnitude and rotation requires integration of small-scale specific volume anomalies well below the mixed layer.
Topology control adopting optimal topology over update interval in mobile ad hoc networks

: A topology control method for mobile ad hoc networks is proposed, in which the optimal topology of each topology update interval is adopted by considering both the dynamic positions of one-hop neighboring nodes and cumulative energy consumption to send data over the update interval. This approach of adopting the topology optimized over the update interval di ﬀ ers from an existing approach in which the topology update frequency is increased. Through performance simulation, conditions under which the proposed method is applicable are revealed by comparing the energy consumption of the proposed method to that of the existing method. Additionally, the proposed method is practical because it takes only several tens of milliseconds to determine the optimal topology even when using a CPU widely used for embedded devices.
Telephone Sample Surveys: Dearly Beloved or Nearly Departed? Trends in Survey Errors in the Era of Declining Response Rates

Telephone surveys have become much maligned in the past few years, considering recent failures to correctly predict elections worldwide, response rates declining into the single digits, and the rise of low-cost, nonprobabilistic alternatives. Yet there is no study assessing the degree to which data attained via modern-day telephone interviewing has or has not significantly declined in terms of data quality. Utilizing an elemental approach, we evaluate the bias of various cross-tabulations of core demographics from a collection of surveys collected over the past two decades. Results indicate that (1) there has been a modest increase in bias over the past two decades but a downward trend in the past five years; (2) the share of cell phone interviews in samples has a significant impact on the bias; (3) traditional weighting largely mitigates the linear trend in bias; and (4), once weighted, telephone samples are nearly on par in data quality to higher response rate unweighted in-person data. Implications for the “fit for purpose” of telephone data and its general role in the future of survey research are discussed given our findings.
The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of big-eyed Mountain keelback Pseudoxenodon macrops

Abstract In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of big-eyed mountain keelback Pseudoxenodon macrops was sequenced adopting Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. The complete mitogenome of the species was 19,444 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and two non-coding control regions (CR). The overall base composition of mitogenome was 32.0% A, 25.5% T, 28.2% C, and 14.3% G. Most mitochondrial genes are encoded on the heavy strand, only ND6 and eight tRNA genes are on the light strand. We expect that the presented mitogenome can provide important data for future studies on phylogenetic relationship and population genetics of this species.
Knowledge management in the software industry:how Scrum activities support a knowledge management cycle

Knowledge is the primary asset of the software industry which increases the complexity of the software development activities. Knowledge Management (KM) is an important practice that offers processes namely KM cycles and addressed to knowledge capture, creation, storage, dissemination, sharing, and use. Thereby, understanding different means to consolidate individual’s knowledge within the software industry is relevant to software development practitioners and researchers. Therefore, this article discusses how Scrum activities support KM cycle to convert the individual’s knowledge into common knowledge within software development teams. Our analysis points out that KM cycle combined with Scrum practices is a potential tool to disseminate individual knowledge across software development team members.
Problem-Solving and Intelligence

The ability to solve complex problems is a defining feature of what most laypeople think of as intelligence. This is also a common theme in how intelligence researchers describe intelligence (Sternberg, 1985a; Sternberg et al., 1981). Over a century ago, the German psychologist Wilhelm Stern (1914), who introduced the formula for computing the intelligence quotient, defined intelligence as “a general mental adaptability to new problems and conditions of life” (p. 101). And, in his early book on aptitude testing, Bingham (1937) explained that “[w]e shall use the term ‘intelligence’ to mean the ability of an organism to solve new problems” (p. 36). More recently, fifty-two intelligence researchers published a letter in the Wall Street Journal in the wake of the Bell Curve controversy, defining intelligence as “a very general mental capability that, among other things, involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience” (see Gottfredson, 1997, p. 13).
Palaeogeographical reconstruction and hydrology of glacial Lake Purcell during MIS 2 and its potential impact on the Channeled Scabland, USA

Large, ice‐marginal lakes that were impounded by the maximally extended Cordilleran Ice Sheet (CIS) provided source waters for the extraordinarily large floods that formed the Channeled Scabland of Washington and Idaho, USA. However, flood flows that drained CIS meltwater and contributed to landscape evolution during later stages of deglaciation have hitherto been poorly investigated. This paper provides the first evidence for such a late deglacial floodwater source: glacial Lake Purcell (gLP). Sedimentary evidence records the northward extension of gLP from Idaho, USA into British Columbia, Canada and establishes its minimum palaeogeographical extent. Sedimentary evidence suggests that the deglacial Purcell Lobe was a capable ice dam that impounded large volumes of gLP water. A review of glacio‐isostatically affected lakes during CIS deglaciation suggests that gLP could have been subjected to tilts ranging from 0 to >1.25 m km−1. Sedimentary evidence suggests high lake plane tilts (⪆1.25 m km−1) are the most likely to have affected gLP. Using this, the palaeogeography and volume of gLP are modelled, revealing that ~116 km3 of water was susceptible to sudden drainage into the Channeled Scabland via the Columbia River system. This calculation is supported by sedimentary and geomorphic evidence compatible with energetic flood flows along the gLP drainage route and suggests gLP drained suddenly, causing significant landscape change.
Teen Mom Student of the Month: Ethics of Care, School Structure, and Reconfiguring What It Means to be a Good Student

Using portraiture methodology, this study features caring classroom experiences between Latina teen mothers and their teachers at an alternative school along the U.S./Mexico border. Classroom observations and in-depth interviews were conducted to piece together three classroom portraits which reveal the following: (a) authentically caring pedagogical interactions in the classrooms enabled Latina teen mothers to develop a pro-school ethos, and (b) these pedagogical interactions of care and support in the classroom were made possible within a caring schooling structure. This article contributes to the field of urban education by showcasing successes and effective practices in an urban setting.