Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Inquiry Practices: Can a Professional Development Program Reform Science Teachers’ Practices?

ABSTRACT In the last 30 years, there has been an ongoing discussion about the effectiveness of Professional Development (PD) programs, which aims to promote reform-based Science Education (SE). Among the many, different trends of reform-based science teaching, inquiry-based approaches hold a dominant role. This study shows how teachers’ practices were affected by a PD program that aimed to familiarize them with reform-based teaching through gradual instructional design, with the main focus on inquiry. The PD program had a duration of 12 months and involved four science teachers (two primary and two secondary) who were trained in both in and out of school teaching settings. The changes in teachers’ practices were recorded through an observation protocol containing predefined categories in eight domains, one of which––that of inquiry––is discussed in this paper. A semi-quantitative method was used for data analysis. Results indicate that all the teachers had an overall improvement in the domains of guided inquiry practices and student-centered teaching approaches. However, there did not appear to be any substantial progress in open inquiry practices. Restrictions of the present study are presented, and suggestions for improving future PD programs promoting sustainable inquiry implementation are also discussed.
Sulfide‐Inhibiting Growth of Lead Sulfide Rods Array Film from Micron to Nano for NIR Photodetector

In general, the growth rate of lead sulfide (PbS) crystals in the solution is fast, and it is difficult to obtain nanosized structure films without the presence of inhibitors. Herein, highly crystalline 1D single‐crystal PbS nanorods array on the graphene substrate is prepared in the solution containing a high‐concentration sulfur ion as the inhibitors by electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (ECALE) method. Meanwhile, the diameter of the PbS array from micrometers to nanometers can be controlled by adjusting the ratio of lead and sulfur. Through polarization studies on graphene substrates, the critical role of Au–thiolate in the vertical growth of PbS nanorod is controlled. Finally, the PbS array–graphene heterostructure photodetector presents an extraordinary photoresponsivity in 1.55 μm at room temperature.
Microfluidic generation of monodispersed Janus alginate hydrogel microparticles using water-in-oil emulsion reactant.

Microparticles with uniform anisotropic structures are widely used in physical, chemical, and biological fields owing to their ability to combine multiple functions on a micro-scale. Here, a microfluidic emulsion-based external gelation method was demonstrated for the first time to produce monodisperse Janus calcium alginate (Ca-alginate) hydrogel microparticles consisting of two compartments. This approach provided a fast reaction condition under which we could prepare magnetic Janus Ca-alginate microparticles with diameters ranging from 148 to 179 μm and a coefficient of variation (CV) less than 4%. Moreover, the boundaries between the two compartments were clear. In addition, the volume fraction of each compartment could be adjusted by varying the flow rate ratio between two dispersed phases. Next, we produced fluorescent Janus beads and magnetic-fluorescent Janus beads with an average diameter of ∼150 μm (CV < 4.0%). The magnetic Janus hydrogel microparticles we produced could be manipulated by applying a magnetic field to achieve self-assembly, rotation, and accumulation. Magnetic Janus hydrogel microparticles are also capable of mammalian cell encapsulation with good cell viability. This article presents a simple and stable approach for producing monodisperse bi-compartmental Janus hydrogel microparticles that could have great potential for application in physical, biochemical, and biomedical fields.
Electronics for dummies, a Wiley brand

Introduction 1 Part I: Fathoming the Fundamentals of Electronics 5 Chapter 1: Introducing You to Electronics 7 Chapter 2: Gearing Up to Explore Electronics 25 Chapter 3: Running Around in Circuits 35 Chapter 4: Making Connections 49 Part II: Controlling Current with Components 65 Chapter 5: Meeting Up with Resistance 67 Chapter 6: Obeying Ohm s Law 89 Chapter 7: Getting Charged Up about Capacitors 105 Chapter 8: Identifying with Inductors 131 Chapter 9: Diving into Diodes 147 Chapter 10: Tremendously Talented Transistors 163 Chapter 11: Innovating with Integrated Circuits 183 Chapter 12: Acquiring Additional Parts 215 Part III: Getting Serious about Electronics 237 Chapter 13: Preparing Your Lab and Ensuring Your Safety 239 Chapter 14: Interpreting Schematics 263 Chapter 15: Building Circuits 281 Chapter 16: Mastering Your Multimeter to Measure Circuits 303 Chapter 17: Putting Projects Together 325 Part IV: The Part of Tens 351 Chapter 18: Ten Ways to Explore Electronics Further 353 Chapter 19: Ten Great Electronics Parts Sources 357 Glossary 363 Index 373
Observation of an extremely large nonlinear response in crystalline quartz in THz regime

We report on the experimental demonstration of nonlinear spectroscopy of crystalline quartz in the terahertz regime. Using accumulated time shift method in the time domain, we observe that with increasing the THz pulse intensity, the experienced delay increases. At higher field intensities, the delay increases with a smaller rate, demonstrating a phase saturation. Analysing the frequency response, we estimate a nonlinear refractive index of the order of 10−13 m2/W which exceeds its value in the visible range by seven orders of magnitude. Furthermore, a negative fifth-order susceptibility of the order of 10−30 m4/V4 is obtained.
Towards a better understanding of light scattering in few-mode optical fibers

In this work, two experimental methods are proposed to quantify the contributions of the different light scattering mechanisms to the total attenuation of each guided-mode of two weakly-coupled FMF presenting different index profiles. The first approach is based on the analysis of the angular distribution of the light scattered by each mode of the two fibers whereas the second technique is based on bidirectional OTDR measurements also performed for each mode of the two fibers at different wavelengths. Some preliminary examples are reported and discussed for the fundamental mode and one higher order mode guided in a step-index and a trapezoidal index profile few-mode fiber.
The rise and spread of the SARS-CoV-2 AY.122 lineage in Russia

Abstract Delta has outcompeted most preexisting variants of SARS-CoV-2, becoming the globally predominant lineage by mid-2021. Its subsequent evolution has led to the emergence of multiple sublineages, most of which are well-mixed between countries. By contrast, here we show that nearly the entire Delta epidemic in Russia has probably descended from a single import event, or from multiple closely timed imports from a single poorly sampled geographic location. Indeed, over 90 per cent of Delta samples in Russia are characterized by the nsp2:K81N + ORF7a:P45L pair of mutations which is rare outside Russia, putting them in the AY.122 sublineage. The AY.122 lineage was frequent in Russia among Delta samples from the start, and has not increased in frequency in other countries where it has been observed, suggesting that its high prevalence in Russia has probably resulted from a random founder effect rather than a transmission advantage. The apartness of the genetic composition of the Delta epidemic in Russia makes Russia somewhat unusual, although not exceptional, among other countries.
Use of machine learning in a speckle-based optical fiber sensor for temperature detection

The speckle is a granular pattern observed at the end of a multimode fiber due to the interference of propagating modes. The speckle pattern will change in case of any perturbations at any point in the fiber and thus forms the basis of highly sensitive fiber specklegram sensors. Early researchers developed speckle interferometry and imaging tools to extract information from the speckle. However, general drawbacks in these approaches are difficulty in extracting information from non-linear speckle patterns and associated high computational costs. For this reason, we propose a machine learning-based solution to analyze speckle patterns in gold-coated multimode fibers for temperature sensing. We build a temperature-controlled environment on a 4 cm length of a copper rod using a heater with a proportional-integral-derivative control. We coat around a 10 nm gold layer on a 4 cm stripped region of a 50/125 μm multimode optical fiber using the DC sputtering process. The gold-coated fiber is then attached to the copper rod. We find that a thin layer of gold on the fiber surface enhances the overall temperature sensing sensitivity. We record speckle pattern images through a CCD camera over a range of 25.9-28.9° C with roughly 150 images per temperature setting. Using time-efficient and straightforward machine learning models such as k-nearest neighbors and ridge regression, we achieve temperature sensing accuracy as high as 96% and mean squared error as low as 0.000844° C. We anticipate that the current work can pave the way for efficient sensing applications in photo-acoustics, strain, and pressure measurements.
Chinese Management Studies: A Matched-Samples Meta-Analysis and Focused Review of Indigenous Theories

The field of Chinese management studies has grown tremendously over the past four decades. Management theories originating from the United States have remained dominant in the analysis of Chinese firms, prompting the question of how powerfully these Western lenses explain management practices in non-Western contexts. Through a matched-samples meta-analysis, which integrates matching techniques into meta-analysis, we compare the mean effect sizes for five classic Western management theories—institutional theory, resource dependence theory, the resource-based view, agency theory, and transaction cost theory—on 452 matched samples drawn from 1,028 U.S. and Chinese studies. Surprisingly, as compared to their U.S. counterparts, Chinese firms (a) are less responsive to coercive and mimetic pressures yet more subject to normative pressures, (b) establish fewer business relations when faced with resource dependencies and transaction costs, (c) extract more profit from managing generic strategic resources, and (d) are more sensitive to pay incentives and private blockholders. To understand the specificities of Chinese management practices, we furthermore conduct a focused review of the emerging literature on China-endemic explanations: political institutional imprinting theory, state-driven sustainable development, and China-endemic corporate governance. We conclude that indigenous theories effectively complement Western perspectives when accounting for Chinese management practices.
A simple slot antenna for triple-polarization diversity application

A novel slot antenna with triple-polarization diversity is proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna consists of a circular slot that acts as a radiator, triple-microstrip line that acts as a feeding structure, a protruding stub, and slit applied to a GND. First, an antenna with dual-circular polarization (CP) characteristics is designed. The CP property is easily obtained using a protruding stub that acts as a perturbation in circular slots. The high isolation between two ports is achieved by the protruding stub and the slit applied to ground plane. From the measured results, the CP operating bandwidth is found to be 18.6%. The isolation is less than −14 dB within the operating bandwidth. Second, another feeding structure is implemented for linear polarization (LP). The measured CP bandwidth of the triple-polarization antenna is 12.7%, and isolation between ports is below −16.5 dB at the operating bandwidth.
Effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy on wavelengths and light pulsing frequencies

Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy using red and near infrared light has been reported effective for reduction of pain, reduction of inflammation, wound healing, skin rejuvenation, hair growth, fat loss, slowing or stopping and even reversing progress of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Most of the clinical trial results of PBM therapy have been reported effective depending on the light pulsing frequencies and wavelengths of light of PBM therapy devices. Many PBM therapy devices for personal and home use have been introduced for PBM therapy, but the optical and electrical parameters of the PBM devices have not been clearly specified, which makes it difficult and confused for users to select PBM devices suitable for their applications. In this paper, the most frequently used PBM therapy conditions including wavelengths, light pulsing frequencies, and applications of the PBM therapy devices in the clinical papers were analyzed.
How is the El Niño–Southern Oscillation signal recorded by tree‐ring oxygen isotopes in southeastern China?

Previous studies universally found that tree‐ring oxygen isotope (δ18OTR) in southeastern China (SEC) significantly recorded the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signal. However, the correlation between the climate in SEC and ENSO is insignificant, so the local climatic response of SEC δ18OTR fails to explain the significant positive correlations between these δ18OTR records and ENSO. In this study, based on four δ18OTR series from SEC, meteorological data, simulated precipitation oxygen isotope (δ18OP) data, and a moisture uptake atlas deduced from Lagrangian backward trajectory experiments, a conceptual model was established to explain how the ENSO signal is recorded by SEC δ18OTR. During the El Niño decaying years, the Northwest Pacific (NWP) convective activity weakens; the convective weakening areas coincide with the main moisture sources for SEC, which enriches 18O in moisture that is transported to SEC, resulting in positive anomalies of δ18OP in SEC; finally, the ENSO‐modulated δ18OP signal is inherited by SEC δ18OTR. The opposite situations occur in the La Niña events. It was also indicated that the change in the moisture contribution percentage from different sources may not be a primary factor that connects SEC δ18OTR with ENSO. These findings contribute to understanding climatic signals represented by δ18OTR and δ18OP in the East Asian monsoon region.
Global Research Trends, Top-100 Most Cited Studies, and Network Visualization of Eating and Feeding Disorders Research From 1900-2020: A Historical Bibliometric Analysis

Background: Eating disorders (EDs) are psychiatric disorders that leads to affect the health. In last few decades, EDs have been rising rapidly due to disturbed attitudes towards eating that play a critical role in the maintenance of EDs. This study was performed to assess key bibliometric indicators, visualize the research outcomes in the field, and find the current trends in EDs. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted utilizing the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. The obtained data was imported into Microsoft Excel 2019 and VOSviewer software for windows. The database search was performed for the period from the inception of WoSCC until 2020. The downloaded data was exported into VOSviewer software version 1.6. 16 for Windows to construct co-authorship countries, keywords co-occurrence, and journal and organization sources network visualization. Results: The initial search yielded 16,693 publications, of which 11,322 articles were included in the overall analysis. Furthermore, the top-100 most cited papers were included based on number of citations in descending order. The average citation per year for overall publications (n=11,322) was 830.92 and that of top-100 most cited papers was 490.24. The study authored by Fairburn and Beglin in year 1994 received the highest citations (2,999). Among the top-100 highly cited articles, Fairburn CG was the most prolific author with 10 publications (6,254 citations). The frequently studied research area was psychiatry, and the leading source of publication was Archives of General Psychiatry with 20 published articles and 7,872 citations. The analysis of the overall articles indicted that International Journal of Eating Disorders got 2,500 publications and 88,921 citation score. The University of Minnesota was first in top-100 most cited articles for maximum number of publications (n=12) but from the overall analysis of all the articles, Harvard University was first with a total of 405 publications. The United States of America was the most prominent country with 58 number of documents. Conclusion: Majority of articles were produced by developed countries. Hence, there is a dire need for interdisciplinary research approaches to evaluate and intervene Eds. We believe that the highly cited articles in feed and EDs may help to some future novel ideas and regulate effective preventive strategies.
Role of Artificial Intelligence Interpretation of Colposcopic Images in Cervical Cancer Screening

The accuracy of colposcopic diagnosis depends on the skill and proficiency of physicians. This study evaluated the feasibility of interpreting colposcopic images with the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI) for the diagnosis of high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions. This study included female patients who underwent colposcopy-guided biopsy in 2020 at two institutions in the Republic of Korea. Two experienced colposcopists reviewed all images separately. The Cerviray AI® system (AIDOT, Seoul, Korea) was used to interpret the cervical images. AI demonstrated improved sensitivity with comparable specificity and positive predictive value when compared with the colposcopic impressions of each clinician. The areas under the curve were greater with combined impressions (both AI and that of the two colposcopists) of high-grade lesions, when compared with the individual impressions of each colposcopist. This study highlights the feasibility of the application of an AI system in cervical cancer screening. AI interpretation can be utilized as an assisting tool in combination with human colposcopic evaluation of exocervix.
Three-dimensional microscopic quantification of in vivo healthy epidermis based on line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) assisted by artificial intelligence

Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) is an imaging technique based on a combination of reflectance confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography, allowing three-dimensional (3D) imaging of skin in vivo with an isotropic spatial resolution of about 1.3 micron and up to 400 microns in depth. Cellular-resolution 3D images obtained with LC-OCT offer a considerable amount of information for description and quantification of the upper layers of in vivo skin using morphological metrics, which can be critical for better understanding the skin changes leading to aging or some pathologies. This study introduces metrics for the quantification of the epidermis, and uses them to describe the variability of healthy epidermis between different body sites. These metrics include the stratum corneum thickness, the undulation of the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ), and the quantification of the keratinocyte network. In order to generate relevant metrics over entire 3D images, an artificial intelligence approach was applied to automate the calculation of the metrics. We were able to quantify the epidermis of eight volunteers on seven body areas on the head, the upper limbs and the trunk. Epidermal thicknesses and DEJ undulation variations were observed between different body sites. The cheek presented the thinnest stratum corneum the least undulated DEJ, while the back of the hand presented the thickest stratum corneum and the back the most undulated DEJ. The process of keratinocyte maturation was evidenced in vivo. These 3D in vivo quantifications open the door in clinical practice to diagnose and monitor pathologies for which the epidermis is impaired.
Efficient Low Threshold Frequency Conversion in AlGaAs-On-Insulator Waveguides

A design study is presented for an efficient, compact and robust device to convert the frequency of single-photons from the near-infrared to the telecom C-band. The material platform aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs)-on-insulator, with its relatively large second-order nonlinearity, is used to create highly confined optical modes. This platform can feasibly incorporate single-photon emitters such as indium arsenide (InAs) on gallium arsenide (GaAs), paving the way towards direct integration of single-photon sources and nonlinear waveguides on the same chip. In this design study, single-pass difference-frequency generation (DFG) producing C-band single-photons is enabled via form birefringent phase-matching between a 930 nm single-photon pump and continuous wave (CW) idler at 2,325 nm. In particular the idler and single-photons are combined with an on-chip directional coupler, and then tapered to a single waveguide where the three modes are phase-matched. The design is studied at a special case, showing high fabrication tolerances, and an internal conversion efficiency up to 41%.
Association between food consumption and high levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol among obese children

Introduction The increase in the prevalence of obesity and obesity in children is a pattern of the last decades. This public health issue results in metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia with increased LDL-C. Previous findings shows that most of the Brazilian children does not follow the recommended consumption of fruits and vegetables. Aim of the study To evaluate the association of dietary intake characteristics with elevated serum cholesterol from low density lipoprotein in obese children. Material and methods Cross-sectional study involving 137 obese children (5–10 years). The mean age of the studied children was 8.27 years, 55.5% were male The weight measurements were performed on a digital anthropometric scale. The body mass index was calculated for each child and the Food Frequency Questionnaire was applied. The peripheral blood was collected for lipid profile analysis. Stata 12.0 statistical package was used to analyze the data, considering a significance level of p < 0.05. Results The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia based on the serum cholesterol from low density lipoprotein fraction was 14.6%. It was observed that children in the group who consumed the lower difference of risky and protective foods on a daily basis were not less likely to have a high cholesterol from low density lipoprotein level as a criterion for hypercholesterolemia (p = 0.218). Conclusions A large proportion of the individuals presented levels of lipid profile classified as undesirable for age, as well as food rich in components capable of increasing this profile, which should encourage the intensification in measures of prevention of cardiovascular diseases since childhood.