Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diabetes Screening With A1C Versus Fasting Plasma Glucose in a Multiethnic Middle School Cohort

OBJECTIVE d To characterize middle-school students from the HEALTHY study with glycemic abnormalities, speci ﬁ cally high-risk A1C (hrA1C; A1C = 5.7 – 6.4%) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG; fasting plasma glucose [FPG] = 100 – 125 mg/dL). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS d History was collected by self-report, physical measurement was collected by trained study staff, and fasting blood was drawn by trained phlebotomists and analyzed centrally. RESULTS d At baseline, among 3,980 sixth graders, 128 (3.2%) had hrA1C and 635 (16.0%) had IFG. Compared with A1C , 5.7%, hrA1C was associated with non-Hispanic black race/ ethnicity, family history of diabetes, and higher measurements of BMI, waist circumference, and fasting insulin. Compared with FPG , 100 mg/dL, IFG was associated with Hispanic ethnicity; increased BMI, waist circumference, and fasting insulin; higher frequency of high blood pressure; and higher mean triglycerides. Two years later, children with hrA1C persisted as hrA1C in 59.4%, and one child (0.8%) developed A1C $ 6.5%; children with IFG persisted with IFG in 46.9%, and seven children (1.1%) developed FPG $ 126 mg/dL. Those with hrA1C compared with IFG had a higher BMI in sixth grade, which persisted to eighth grade. the study hrA1C and IFG de ne different groups of with differentially increased diabetes risk markers. IFG is approximately vefold more common, but hrA1C is more persistent over time.
Pairing-quadrupole interplay in the neutron-deﬁcient tin nuclei: First lifetime measurements of low-lying states in , Sn

The lifetimes of the low-lying excited states 2 + and 4 + have been directly measured in the neutron- deﬁcient 106 , 108 Sn isotopes. The nuclei were populated via a deep-inelastic reaction and the lifetime measurement was performed employing a differential plunger device. The emitted γ rays were detected by the AGATA array, while the reaction products were uniquely identiﬁed by the VAMOS++ magnetic spectrometer. Large-Scale Shell-Model calculations with realistic forces indicate that, independently of the pairing content of the interaction, the quadrupole force is dominant in the B ( E 2 ; 2 + 1 → 0 + g . s . ) values and it describes well the experimental pattern for 104 − 114 Sn; the B ( E 2 ; 4 + 1 → 2 + 1 ) values, measured here for the ﬁrst time, depend critically on a delicate pairing-quadrupole balance, disclosed by the very precise results in 108 Sn. 3 .
Black Holes, Entropy and the Third Law

There would be a perfect correspondence between the laws of classical thermodynamics and black hole thermodynamics, except for the apparent failure of black hole thermodynamics to correspond to the Third Law. The classical Third Law of Thermodynamics entails that as the absolute temperature, T, approaches zero, the entropy, S, also approaches zero. This discussion is based upon part of the work published by the author in 1995 that demonstrated that the most general form of the classical Third Law of Thermodynamics is satisfied by treating the area of the inner-event horizon as a measure of negative-entropy (negentropy).
A minimal motif for sequence recognition by mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM)

Abstract Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) plays a critical role in mitochondrial transcription initiation and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) packaging. Both functions require DNA binding, but in one case TFAM must recognize a specific promoter sequence, while packaging requires coating of mtDNA by association with non sequence-specific regions. The mechanisms by which TFAM achieves both sequence-specific and non sequence-specific recognition have not yet been determined. Existing crystal structures of TFAM bound to DNA allowed us to identify two guanine-specific interactions that are established between TFAM and the bound DNA. These interactions are observed when TFAM is bound to both specific promoter sequences and non-sequence specific DNA. These interactions are established with two guanine bases separated by 10 random nucleotides (GN10G). Our biochemical results demonstrate that the GN10G consensus is essential for transcriptional initiation and contributes to facilitating TFAM binding to DNA substrates. Furthermore, we report a crystal structure of TFAM in complex with a non sequence-specific sequence containing a GN10G consensus. The structure reveals a unique arrangement in which TFAM bridges two DNA substrates while maintaining the GN10G interactions. We propose that the GN10G consensus is key to facilitate the interaction of TFAM with DNA.
UPDATE Update on Dyslipidemia

Recently, considerable progress has been made in understanding the genetic basis of dyslipidemias and in studying the safety and efficacy of lipid-lowering drugs for coronary heart disease (CHD) prevention. Novel loci have been identified for monogenic hypercholesterolemia, such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR)-associated protein, proprotein convertase subtilisin-like kexin type 9, and ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCG5 and ABCG8. LDLR-associated protein promotes clustering of LDLRs into clathrin-coated pits for LDL uptake; proprotein convertase subtilisin-like kexin type 9 is involved in LDLR degradation; and ABCG5 and 8 pump sterols out of the hepatic and intestinal cells into bile and intestinal lumen, respectively. A novel gene encoding apolipoprotein AV, an activator of lipoprotein lipase, has also been linked to familial hypertriglycer- idemia. Linkage of familial combined hyperlipidemia to upstream stimulatory factor 1 remains controversial. Recent guidelines of the Adult Treatment Panel III emphasize intensive reduction of LDL or non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients at high risk of CHD. However, of the four recently concluded trials comparing high- vs. low-dosestatintherapy,onlytwoshowedanunequivocalreduction in cardiovascular endpoints. Because intensive statin therapy can increase the risk of myopathy and hepatotoxicity, it is important to consider its risk-benefit ratio in individual patients. Restriction of dietary saturated and trans-fat and cholesterol, along with increased intake of soluble fiber, can also achieve substantial LDL cholesterol lowering. Fibrates may reduce the risk of acute pancreatitis in severely hypertriglyceridemic patients and may be beneficial for CHD prevention. However,
The Comparison’s Food Nutrition of Roasting of Cocoa Bean from some Private Company in Thailand and Taiwan

— Cocoa, a fruit product of Theobroma cacao L. , is the third most important agricultural crop in the world. Cocoa is the main ingredient in chocolate manufacture. The consumption of cocoa is increasing due to the demand in international market and chocolate industries. The aim of this research paper studied and compared on food nutrition of cocoa beans some private company in Thai and Taiwan. The results found that total calories, calories from fat, crude fat, saturated fatty acids, dietary fiber, cholesterol, cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3), and total flavonoids content of cocoa beans from Thailand were higher than Taiwan. On the other hand, carbohydrate, ash, calcium, iron, potassium, and ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2) of cocoa beans from Taiwan. Therefore, this research paper is the first report database on food nutrition from private company in Thailand and Taiwan. For the future can be applies to advance cocoa research, sharing to smart farmer for cocoa industries.
use of transesophageal echocardiography during cesarean section in a parturient with inferior vena cava thrombosis a case report

Introduction: The use of transesophageal echocardiography in obstetric anesthesia is uncommon and rarely reported during cesarean section. To our knowledge, this is the first report of its use for intraoperative surveillance of a tumor thrombus that has invaded over 90% of the inferior vena cava and was at risk of embolizing in a patient undergoing a cesarean section. Case Presentation: We present at 16-year-old Hispanic female at 37 weeks of pregnancy who presented to us for higher level of care due to a newly discovered large left renal mass and inferior vena cava tumor thrombus. She successfully underwent general anesthesia with the assistance of transesophageal echocardiography for her cesarean section. Conclusion: We used transesophageal echocardiography to directly observe the inferior vena cava tumor thrombus which would allow for an early intervention and to potentially avoid impending cardiovascular collapse. After a review of the available literature, this is the first case report to utilize transesophageal echocardiography to monitor a tumor thrombus in the setting of a cesarean section and large renal mass. Given the broad differential diagnosis if sudden cardiovascular collapse should occur, the use of transesophageal echocardiography provides the anesthesiologist a reliable and accurate assessment tool for quick management.
Rotavirus Architecture at Subnanometer Resolution (cid:1)

Rotavirus, a nonturreted member of the Reoviridae , is the causative agent of severe infantile diarrhea. The double-stranded RNA genome encodes six structural proteins that make up the triple-layer particle. X-ray crys- tallography has elucidated the structure of one of these capsid proteins, VP6, and two domains from VP4, the spike protein. Complementing this work, electron cryomicroscopy (cryoEM) has provided relatively low-resolution struc- tures for the triple-layer capsid in several biochemical states. However, a complete, high-resolution structural model of rotavirus remains unresolved. Combining new structural analysis techniques with the subnanometer-resolution cryoEM structure of rotavirus, we now provide a more detailed structural model for the major capsid proteins and their interactions within the triple-layer particle. Through a series of intersubunit interactions, the spike protein (VP4) adopts a dimeric appearance above the capsid surface, while forming a trimeric base anchored inside one of the three types of aqueous channels between VP7 and VP6 capsid layers. While the trimeric base suggests the presence of three VP4 molecules in one spike, only hints of the third molecule are observed above the capsid surface. Beyond their interactions with VP4, the interactions between VP6 and VP7 subunits could also be readily identiﬁed. In the innermost T (cid:1) 1 layer composed of VP2, visualization of the secondary structure elements allowed us to identify the polypeptide fold for VP2 and examine the complex network of interactions between this layer and the T (cid:1) 13 VP6 layer. This integrated structural approach has resulted in a relatively high-resolution structural model for the complete, infectious structure of rotavirus, as well as revealing the subtle nuances required for maintaining interactions in such a large macromolecular assembly.
Generalized Attention Mechanism and Relative Position for Transformer

In this paper, we propose generalized attention mechanism (GAM) by ﬁrst suggesting a new interpretation for self-attention mechanism of Vaswani et al. [5]. Following the interpretation, we provide description for different variants of attention mechanism which together form GAM. Further, we propose a new relative position representation within the framework of GAM. This representation can be easily utilized for cases in which elements next to each other in input sequence can be at random locations in actual dataset/corpus.
PPA_A_301010 751..760

1Rheumatology Office, Marseille, France; 2French National Patient Organization Against Rheumatoid Arthritis (ANDAR), Montpellier, France; 3Medical Department, Nordic Pharma, Paris, France; 4Soladis Clinical Studies, Roubaix, France; 5University of Lille, Rheumatology Department, Hôpital Roger Salengro, Lille, France Purpose: The purpose of the APRIM study (for Adherence Polyarthrite Rhumatoïde Injection Methotrexate) was to investigate the change in treatment adherence of patients with rheumatic arthritis (RA) who switched from oral to subcutaneous methotrexate (MTX). Patients and Methods: Prospective, observational study in RA patients treated with MTX and switching from oral to subcutaneous (SC) route in real-life conditions. Data on motivations for switch, disease activity (DAS28-CRP), quality of life (AISM-2 SF), disability (HAQ-DI), and adherence to MTX were collected at inclusion (M0) and 6 months later (M6). Adherence was assessed by the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS8) and defined as high (MMAS-8 = 8), medium (MMAS-8 = 6 or ≤8) or low (MMAS-8 < 6). The primary evaluation criterion was the proportion of patients who maintained strong adherence or improved adherence by at least one category (from low to medium or strong or from medium to strong) between M0 and M6. Results: The analysis involved 207 patients (age 60.4±12.7 years, 75.2% females). 6.7% were in remission and 15.5% had low disease activity (LDA) at baseline. 58.5% reached the primary criterion and strong adherence rate increased from 42.0% to 50.7%. Change of route was combined with increased MTX dose in 34.8% of patients. Switch to SC route increased the proportion of patients with remission or LDA from 22.8% to 52.9% and increased quality of life even in patients with unchanged MTX dose. Conclusion: Overall, change from oral to SC route improved adherence to MTX, RA control and quality of life independently of change in MTX dose.
Numerical Estimation of Information Theoretic Measures for Large Data Sets

Abstract : A problem that has plagued the tracking community for decades has been the lack of a single metric to assess the overall performance of tracking systems. The authors' prior research has identified total conditional entropy as a useful measure to assess the overall performance of multi-target trackers and classifiers. The measure can be used to evaluate any system that can be formulated as an assignment algorithm that maps N classes of objects to M labels. The assignments from the decision system are compared to a truth data set to generate the total conditional entropy. This report focuses on work to generate error estimates so that the statistical significance of test results can be determined. Derivations of Wolpert and Wolf provide exact equations for calculating the first- and second-order statistics for the three fundamental entropy measures from sample data. The authors have restructured Wolpert and Wolf's equations into computer code that produces stable numerical results up to sample sizes in the billions. This code is provided as a MATLAB software package available from MIT Lincoln Laboratory.
Sexual dysfunction in elderly men and women

: Background: The aging process of the body is inexorable and affects all areas of geriatric patient's life, including the quality of his sex life. In this case, however, also psychological and environmental problems must be taken into account in the case of diagnostics. The sexuality of elderly patients has been neglected by the medical community for many years, and even recognized by some doctors as unnecessary or bad. Currently, there is a slow change in this position, also due to the patients themselves who are looking for help in specific situations. Material Results: Statistics on the sexuality of the elderly give a clear picture of how great a problem this sphere of life is. The main risk factors for sexual dysfunction of the above-mentioned patients include, among others, abnormal lifestyle and urinary tract infections. In the patients' lifestyle the most important aetiological factors are incorrect diet or lack of physical activity. Men of all ages are exposed to problems, however, in the epidemiology of this dysfunction, a drastic jump after the age of 50 is noticed. It is connected with the weakening of the function of the nervous system and microcirculation in the urinary tract and the reduction of the number of hormones responsible for the functioning of sexual organs. In women, this menopause is the period that most destructively affects the quality of sexual life. Here, as in the case of men, a reduced amount of hormones has a negative effect, among others, by a reduced sexual desire or the presence of pain during intercourse. In the treatment of the above-mentioned disorders, mainly pharmacology has the largest field of action. In the treatment of sexual dysfunction, we mainly use 2 compounds and these are sildenafil and tadalafil. Conclusions: Human sexuality, especially in the case of older people, can not be a neglected subject, and dysfunctions and problems of patients treated like any other. The need to integrate interdisciplinary mode in dealing with this type of problems is more necessary. All this is connected with the fact that there is a definite deficit in publications and research on this subject, which creates a wide range of possibilities for the medical community.
University of Nebraska - Lincoln

—As a hot research topic, many search algorithms have been presented and studied for unstructured peer-to-peer (P2P) systems during the past few years. Unfortunately, current approaches either cannot yield good lookup performance, or incur high search cost and system maintenance overhead. The poor search efficiency of these approaches may seriously limit the scalability of current unstructured P2P systems. In this paper, we propose to exploit two-dimensional locality to improve P2P system search efficiency. We present a locality-aware P2P system architecture called Foreseer , which explicitly exploits geographical locality and temporal locality by constructing a neighbor overlay and a friend overlay, respectively. Each peer in Foreseer maintains a small number of neighbors and friends along with their content filters used as distributed indices. By combining the advantages of distributed indices and the utilization of two-dimensional locality, our scheme significantly boosts P2P search efficiency while introducing only modest overhead. In addition, several alternative forwarding policies of Foreseer search algorithm are studied in depth on how to fully exploit the two-dimensional locality.
(2017). Role of DNA methylation in type 2 diabetes etiology: using genotype as a causal anchor. Diabetes , 66 (6), 1713-1722.

Several studies have investigated the relationship between genetic variation and DNA methylation with respect to type 2 diabetes but it is unknown if DNA methylation is a mediator in the disease pathway or if it is altered in response to disease state. This study uses genotypic information as a causal anchor to help decipher the likely role of DNA methylation measured in peripheral blood in the aetiology of type 2 diabetes. Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip data was generated on 1,018 young individuals from the ALSPAC cohort. In stage 1, 118 unique associations between published type 2 diabetes Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and genome wide methylation (methylation quantitative trait loci; mQTLs) were identified. In stage 2, a further 226 mQTLs were identified between 202 additional independent non-type 2 diabetes SNPs and CpGs identified in stage 1. Where possible, associations were replicated in independent cohorts of similar age. We discovered that around half of known type 2 diabetes SNPs are associated with variation in DNA methylation and postulated that methylation could either be on a causal pathway to future disease or could be a non-causal biomarker. For one locus ( KCNQ1 ), we were able to provide further evidence that methylation is likely to be on the causal pathway to disease in later life.
Bisimulation quantifiers for modal logics

Modal logics have found applications in many different contexts. For example, epistemic modal logics can be used to reason about security protocols, temporal modal logics can be used to reason about the correctness of distributed systems and propositional dynamic logic can reason about the correctness of programs. However, pure modal logic is expressively weak and cannot represent many interesting secondorder properties that are expressible, for example, in the μ-calculus.
MemLiner: Lining up Tracing and Application for a Far-Memory-Friendly Runtime

Far-memory techniques that enable applications to use remote memory are increasingly appealing in modern data centers, supporting applications’ large memory footprint and improving machines’ resource utilization. Unfortunately, most far-memory techniques focus on OS-level optimizations and are agnostic to managed runtimes and garbage collections (GC) underneath applications written in high-level languages. With different object-access patterns from applications, GC can severely interfere with existing far-memory techniques, breaking remote memory prefetching algorithms and causing severe local-memory misses. We developed MemLiner, a runtime technique that improves the performance of far-memory systems by “lining up” memory accesses from the application and the GC so that they follow similar memory access paths, thereby (1) reducing the local-memory working set and (2) improving remote-memory prefetching through simpliﬁed memory access patterns. We implemented MemLiner in two widely-used GCs in Open-JDK: G1 and Shenandoah. Our evaluation with a range of widely-deployed cloud systems shows MemLiner improves applications’ end-to-end performance by up to 2.5 × .
Composition dependence of the domain configuration and size in Pb(Zr1−xTix)O3 ceramics

The composition dependent variation of domain configuration and size in Pb(Zr1−xTix)O3 (PZT) has been investigated in a detailed transmission electron microscopy study in the range of 0.40⩽x⩽0.55. Single phase composition, Pb(Zr0.45Ti0.55)O3 and Pb(Zr0.60Ti0.40)O3, the former belonging to the tetragonal, the latter to the rhombohedral phase, feature small microdomain widths coupled with a pronounced bimodal domain distribution. Samples with compositions around the morphotropic phase boundary exhibit a decrease of bimodal distribution and an increase in microdomain width associated with nanodomain formation. The investigation of micro- and nanodomains, as well as the bimodal distribution of microdomains in undoped PZT ceramics, with respect to composition, is reported. We define nanodomains as “domains arranged within microdomains possessing a width of a few nanometers. ” The strict alternation of the two orientation variants of microdomains is denoted as “bimodal domain distribution,” and is characterized .
Binge-Watching Dependence: A Function of Sensation Seeking, Need for Cognition, and Flow

This study discusses various definitions and features of the binge-watching phenomenon, with a particular focus on psychological traits, sensation seeking (SSK), and need for cognition (NFC). Specifically, the current study, based on an online survey conducted by an online research company, examined how SSK and NFC were associated with binge-watching dependence and the mediating role of flow. The final analysis included 1,009 respondents who identified themselves as binge-watchers and who had experienced binge-watching. Questionnaires included participants’ psychological traits (SSK, NFC), flow, and binge-watching dependence. Results showed that individuals who ranked higher on SSK and NFC were more likely to become binge-watching dependent. In addition, the relationships between SSK/NFC and binge-watching dependence were found to be mediated by flow. Implications and future research are discussed. binge-watching binge-watching binge-International phenomenon of binge-watching a foundation understanding the relationships among psychological flow experience, and binge-watching dependence. This study theoretically to extant literature on media dependence binge-watching. In this the literature on media psychology by explicating the role of flow as linked to binge-watching dependence. Managerially, findings from this study will help practitioners in broadcasting and over-the-top industries better understand binge-watchers and binge-watching behavior and provide insights into developing innovative creative content.