Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterising low-cost sensor performance for the design and development of a low-cost, high-precision, multi-parameter clustered sensor instrument for outdoor air quality monitoring

Low-cost sensors (LCS) for the detection of atmospheric composition are being increasingly used for monitoring air quality. Increasing the number of measurements locations in an air quality network can be useful for the validation of atmospheric models and provide improved estimates of personal pollution exposure. Performance of LCS, relative to existing reference instruments, has been seen to be highly variable, but there are currently no formalised standards or certified calibration procedures for their use. Within this project, laboratory studies and field-testing were undertaken to characterise the performance of several commercially available LCS. The sensors tested prioritised those atmospheric pollutants that are regulated under the UK and EU legislation, e.g. nitrogen dioxide. A range of sensor technologies, including electrochemical and metal oxide sensors has been evaluated. Clustering multiple identical sensors was an effective approach that improved data quality and reduced the required frequency of calibration with co-located reference instruments, also improving medium frequency noise and sensor reproducibility. New approaches to resolving sensor chemical cross-interferences were explored, from simple linear regression to machine learning algorithms. This improved the agreement between sensors and reference instruments in the laboratory and field. Clusters of sensors were built into a multi-pollutant instrument which was deployed in various locations to investigate sensor performance in different environments. Through the application of machine learning over all the sensor signals, it was possible to produce a signal that was close to the reference measurements, indicating that LCS can be used in a similar manner to an air quality monitoring station. One implication of this is that LCS can be used over the short term (weeks - months) to complement the existing networks by increasing the number of ground observations, which would facilitate the interpolation of pollutant concentration gradients between relatively sparse network stations to better estimate pollution maps.
Disturbances in the wind speed fields due to the Crimean Mountains

Introduction . Influence of the Crimean Mountains on the wind regime in the Crimea region for different seasons and wind directions is considered. Data and methods . Data on the monthly average temperature values on the model levels of the ERA Interim reanalysis [10] for 40 years (1979–2018) and also the results of modeling using the regional numerical model of atmospheric circulation WRF-ARW are used. Results . The fields of surface wind speeds in the Crimea region are considered at the northern and southern directions of the background wind which are close to the normal one in relation to the ridge. Annual variation of buoyancy frequency for the flat regions of the Crimea Peninsula and for its Southern Coast separated from them by the Crimean Mountains is given. The periods of the most probable disturbances in the surface wind fields induced by the Crimean Mountains are revealed. Using the regional atmospheric circulation model WRF-ARW, the wind speed fields for a few typical directions of the background undisturbed wind are simulated. Discussion and conclusions. It is shown that in a spring-summer period (April–June) in the atmosphere over the sea, the conditions required to block the air flow from the south to the Crimean Mountains ridge arise. As a result, an alongshore flow is formed, and the mesoscale zone of speed perturbations springs up. At the northern winds, stable stratification in the boundary layer over the Crimea land areas is observed, on the average, throughout the whole year, except for four summer-autumn months (June–September); significant wind speed disturbances can also develop. However, they are of local character, i.e. concentrated directly near the mountain ridge and over the leeward slope where the velocity disturbances of a bora type are formed in a narrow coastal zone. Repeatability statistics of these two cases of the wind speed field perturbation caused by the mountains is assessed and considered. WRF-ARW model. Acknowledgments: t he investigation was carried within the framework of the state tasks on theme studies of the interaction processes in ocean-atmosphere system
Patent data analysis using clique analysis in a keyword network

In this paper, we analyzed the patents on machine learning using keyword network analysis and clique analysis. To construct a keyword network, important keywords were extracted based on the TF-IDF weight and their association, and network structure analysis and clique analysis was performed. Density and clustering coefficient of the patent keyword network are low, which shows that patent keywords on machine learning are weakly connected with each other. It is because the important patents on machine learning are mainly registered in the application system of machine learning rather thant machine learning techniques. Also, our results of clique analysis showed that the keywords found by cliques in 2005 patents are the subjects such as newsmaker verification, product forecasting, virus detection, biomarkers, and workflow management, while those in 2015 patents contain the subjects such as digital imaging, payment card, calling system, mammogram system, price prediction, etc. The clique analysis can be used not only for identifying specialized subjects, but also for search keywords in patent search systems.
Sediment Deposition and Reworking: A Modeling Study using Isotopically Tagged Sediment Classes

A sediment transport model within the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) was used to examine how repeated cycles of deposition, erosion, and bioturbation influence flood and storm event bed character offshore of a significant fluvial source. Short-lived radioisotopes Beryllium-7 (7Be) and Thorium-234 (234Th) can be used as tracers of deposition and reworking on the continental shelf, and modeled profiles of these radioisotopes, along with simulated profiles of sediment bed grain size distributions, were analyzed for various model runs. The presence of an atmospherically derived radionuclide, vBe, in seafloor sediment indicates terrestrial (riverine derived) 234 sediment deposition offshore of a fluvial source. In contrast, Th naturally occurs in 238 seawater through the decay of its generally conservative parent, U, and its presence in the seabed indicates the recent suspension of sediment in oceanographic water. Simulated profiles of 7Be and 234Th were directly related to the flood and storm sequences used as model input. The model results showed that the radioisotopic profiles are sensitive to the timing of 7Be input, phasing o f wave and current energy, and intensity of bioturbation; complicating the relationship between simulated profiles and model input of flood and hydrodynamic forcing. Sediment grain size and geochronological tracers were used as markers of event beds for flood and storm deposition scenarios. Sediment Deposition and Reworking: A Modeling Study Using Isotopically Tagged Sediment Classes CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1.1 Motivation Numerical sediment transport models have been developed that estimate deposition as well as physical reworking of sediment via resuspension (e.g. Harris and Wiberg, 2001; Warner et al., 2008). Because sediment availability impacts erosion depths (Sanford and Maa, 2001), many sediment transport models represent multiple grain classes that have different hydrodynamic properties (critical shear stress, settling velocity), and represent the sediment grain size distribution with depth in the bed using a layered bed model (Harris and Wiberg, 1997; Warner et al., 2008). Biological processes, however, also impact the seabed via bioturbation which can act to vertically mix sediment and is especially intense near the sediment-water interface (Wheatcroft et al., 1990). Only a few sediment transport studies (e.g. Harris and Wiberg, 1997), have included biodiffusion, though recently, Sherwood et al., (in prep) added it to the Community Sediment Transport Modeling System (CSTMS), along with other modifications. Radioisotopic tracers have long been used to infer the depositional history of marine sediment, based on conceptual models that rely on assumed rates of mixing and burial (e.g. Nittrouer et al., 1979; Sommerfield and Nittrouer, 1999; Waples et al., 2006). The geochronological data, however, have not been suitable for direct comparison to
Radiative Heating of an Ice‐Free Arctic Ocean

During recent decades, there has been dramatic Arctic sea ice retreat. This has reduced the top‐of‐atmosphere albedo, adding more solar energy to the climate system. There is substantial uncertainty regarding how much ice retreat and associated solar heating will occur in the future. This is relevant to future climate projections, including the timescale for reaching global warming stabilization targets. Here we use satellite observations to estimate the amount of solar energy that would be added in the worst‐case scenario of a complete disappearance of Arctic sea ice throughout the sunlit part of the year. Assuming constant cloudiness, we calculate a global radiative heating of 0.71 W/m2 relative to the 1979 baseline state. This is equivalent to the effect of one trillion tons of CO2 emissions. These results suggest that the additional heating due to complete Arctic sea ice loss would hasten global warming by an estimated 25 years.
Geomorphological, sedimentological and structural signals of deformation in a silent subduction zone: an investigation of the Makran (Iran)

The Makran subduction zone of southeastern Iran has not experienced a megathrust earthquake in recent history, yet, the presence of uplifted coastal morphologies indicate that the margin is still tectonically active. In this work, we study three types of geological signals of deformation that might be linked to the occurrence of large earthquakes in this region. Makran marine terraces have unique morphologies and sedimentary successions. Their mapping and dating allowed us to calculate Late Pleistocene uplift rate variations along the coast. Recent vertical displacements associated with large earthquakes are investigated into the sedimentary succession of low-lying Holocene bay beaches. Finally, we speculate that the normal faults observed along the coast, in an apparently compressive tectonic context, might be linked to post-seismic relaxation following great subduction earthquakes. Although the western Makran is seemingly aseismic for the last 500 years, geological evidences suggests that large events might have happened in the past.
Microstratigraphic Records as Tools for the Detection of Climatic Changes in Tana di Badalucco Cave (Liguria, NW Italy)

Tana di Badalucco cave is located in Imperia (Liguria, Italy), not far from the French border. This site is scarcely known and it has never been studied accurately, even though different archaeological excavations have returned really important elements, both in the archaeological and the paleoenvironmental aspects. Its stratigraphy ranges from Middle Paleolithic to Metal Ages, thus it has registered important climate and environmental variations specific to the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene. From 2012, the Soprintendenza Archeologia della Liguria, the Museo di Archeologia Ligure, and DiSTAV (University of Genova) have been collaborating in order to finally study this promising and complex stratigraphy, trying to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental context of the region. In this work, we present what we were able to assess thanks to the use of micromorphology, the study of undisturbed thin soil sections. This technique has proven useful in recognizing the alternating of cold and warmer conditions during the Quaternary, as well as in identifying primitive signs of human and animal occupation.
NEXTSHARETV: A SET-TOP BOX FOR BITTORRENT-BASED LIVE STREAMING

The distribution of audio-visual content over the Internet has become very popular in recent years. However, due to the bandwidth requirements of videos in high definition, a costefficient distribution is desirable. In this paper we present a low-cost consumer electronics set-top box for streaming live video content using cost-efficient P2P networks. The main features of the set-top box include content discovery, highquality playback, easy user management, and social interaction.
Instability Indices as Predictors of Atmospheric Lightning - Moldova Region Study Case

Large scale convective systems represent in the warm season the main contributors to the water resources on the ground, following intense episodes of showers and torrential rains. South-East Europe represents one of the regions with the highest annual spatial frequency of atmospheric lightning at continental level. Atmospheric lightning could be considered the main atmospheric phenomenon triggered by high atmospheric instability. The degree of atmospheric instability is properly assessed using a wide range of indexes. The most reliable source of data for instability indices is derived from the radio sounding observations. In this study, aiming to cover the region of Moldova, we analyzed radiosonde data from Bucharest (Romania) and Odessa (Ukraine). CAPE, SWEAT, LI, KI, TTI were used as instability indices. Lightning data were used from the free database available for contributors to the Blitzortung network observations, developed in the last decennia. In our study each day is ordered taking to account the degree of instability as reflected from the 2 radio sounding stations and for the 5 available indexes. Lightning frequency maps for the territory of Moldova were produced, those being compared to the monthly mean frequency maps which were realized as well. Specific features of the link between instability indices and lightning frequency are underlined. The study points out on the spatial representativity of instability indices derived from radio sounding stations as predictor for the general instability of the region. The results could be used to improve the weather forecast in the warm/convective season.
Efficacy of different ethno-veterinary products against cattle ticks in Nepal

Ticks cause serious economic losses in cattle and an experiment was conducted to test efficacy of different ethno-veterinary products against ticks in Lamjung, Nepal during 2017-2018. The experiment was designed in completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replications. Cattle ticks (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus) were collected, reared and produced next generation for the test. After 1 hour of treatment application, least number of ticks were found live in Cypermetrhrin application (2.5%) followed by Neem (10%), saltwater (25%), chinaberry and Mug-wort (27.5%). This study clearly shows that different ethno-veterinary products may be the alternative to manage the cattle ticks in the context of developing resistancy to acaricides.
of Vascular Cognitive Impairment Multimodal Markers of Inflammation in the Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Disease Type

of Vascular Cognitive Impairment Multimodal Markers of Inflammation in the Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Disease Type Print ISSN: 0039-2499. Online ISSN: 1524-4628 Copyright © 2014 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Stroke doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113. 004534 2014;45:1531-1538; originally published online April 1, 2014; Stroke. http://stroke.ahajournals. org/content/45/5/1531 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the
Wiley GAAP 2016: Interpretation and Application of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles

The complete, cross-referenced GAAP guide, with illustrations, explanations, and examples Wiley GAAP 2016 contains the most comprehensive coverage of all GAAP pronouncements in a single volume, providing professionals with a complete reference to the entire GAAP hierarchy. This new edition includes the latest updates to the standards, along with AICPA ASEC statements of position and a comprehensive cross-reference of accounting topics to the new FASB codification system. All pronouncements are fully explained in detail, including terminology, and practice exercises demonstrate real-world application. Each chapter includes a discussion of perspectives and issues, sources of GAAP, definitions, concepts, rules, and examples, with specific appendices where applicable. This useful guide contains numerous examples and illustrations, and all original pronouncements are referenced to the FASB Current Text. GAAP is constantly being updated, and users require expert interpretation and explanation of relevant principles with every new pronouncement. This book provides clear, comprehensive guidance, including FASB Technical Bulletins, AcSEC Practice Bulletins, FASB Implementation Guides, and AICPA Statements of Position and Accounting Interpretations. Readers will: Refer to GAAP standards and ASEC statements Understand relevant terminology, concepts, and rules Study detailed examples to gain a solid working knowledge of the standards Gain confidence by practicing GAAP applications before using it in the field This guide represents the most complete, comprehensive GAAP reference available, and the digital format allows for instant access to information through the point-and-click Index and Table of Contents. A thorough study and analysis of all US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Wiley GAAP 2016 is the essential reference.
Application-specific microprocessors

0740-7475/03/$17.00 © 2003 IEEE Copublished by the IEEE CS and the IEEE CASS IEEE Design & Test of Computers WITH THE INTERNET’S expansion and ever-increasing line speeds, executing the many different networking protocols is becoming the main bottleneck in high-speed communications. Gigabit Ethernet is already available, and products exist for 10-Gbps transfer rates. New bandwidth-eager software applications and faster processors in desktop and server systems place enormous demands on the current networking infrastructure. As a rule, network bandwidth use doubles every four months. Moreover, guaranteed quality and priority customization are on the way for many data, voice, and video applications. To meet these stringent processing demands, designers can either use an ASIC to create a custom solution for their application or use a commercially available network processor.1,2 The ASIC approach can achieve very high processing speeds but is inflexible, because changes in chipset behavior are either impossible or have limited support. This inflexibility is a significant problem, because applications and protocols continually evolve and extend to meet user-desired functionality. In addition, deploying an ASIC-based design requires more time than deploying a network-processor-based one. Commercial network processors such as Intel’s IXP (http://developer.intel.com/design/network/products/ npfamily/ixp1200.htm) and Motorola’s C-Port (http:// e-www.motorola.com/webapp/sps/site/homepage.jsp? nodeId=03M0ylgx1Ks) are programmable,2 so they can accommodate newer protocols. However, they represent a brute-force approach, using multiple (and simple) processing cores to achieve the desired processing performance levels. The developer must comply with several system restrictions, write a parallel program in a potentially heterogeneous environment, and meet all hard, real-time network-processing constraints. In addition, despite considerable progress, software development tools for such processors are still in their infancy. Today’s processors provide sufficient processing power to execute most, if not all, networking protocols. Despite their high processing potential, even fast workstations fail to sustain this processing even at 1 Gbps, because of their I/O limitations. To alleviate this bottleneck, we propose an intelligent I/O technique that offers two important advantages:
Assessment on the Potential of Multispectral and Hyperspectral Datasets for Land Use/Land Cover Classification

Land use/land cover (LULC) is a significant factor which plays a vital role in defining an urban ecosystem. Interpretations of LULC are eased in recent times by utilizing hyperspectral and multispectral datasets obtained from various platforms. An attempt is made to comparatively assess the potentiality of AVIRIS NG with Sentinel 2 data through applied classification techniques for Kalaburagi urban sphere. Spectral responses of both datasets were analyzed to derive reflectance spectra. A standard supervised classification algorithm associated with dimensionality reduction techniques is applied. For performance evaluation, results are validated to check which dataset outperforms well and provides better accuracy.
An Image denoising method combining dt-cwt and Fourth-order PDE

I It is proved that image gray level tends to be piecewise constant in the low order partial differ Ential equation denosing model. Considering the applications of wavelet multi-scale decomposition in image processing, a kind of remote sensing image Deno Ising model combining dual tree complex wavelet transform and fouth order partial differential equation are put forward. Firstly, the noise images are multiscalely decomposted by DT-CWT. Then The low frequency components are reserved and noise in high frequency components of other layer are removed by th E Fourth order PDE model. Finally, the high and low frequency components of the the corresponding layer are reconstructed the final IMA Ge. According to the denoising experiments results of the ZY-3 satellite images which have different noise intensities proved that's average PSNR of results by proposed model increases 1~2 DB and the structural similarity increases as. The denoising model proposed can effectively preserve the image details while removing noise.
Social determinants of oral health: conditions linked to socioeconomic inequalities in oral health in the Australian population

Scial dterm innts of oral halth Autralian R esarch Cntre or Polation O al H ealth Anne E Sanders If we could grade the social conditions of society from excellent to poor we would find that population oral health status followed precisely the same gradient. Where social conditions are excellent, oral health status tends also to be excellent. Where social conditions are poor, oral health likewise is poor. This is so because the oral health of populations is socially determined.