Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The California Experiment: Alternatives for Minimum Nurse-to-Patient Ratios

In making policy, it is ideal to study a problem, test solutions, and then implement the best solution. In California there is legislation regarding nurse staffing that requires implementation of a solution before the problem has been accurately stated and before alternative solutions have been tested. Assembly Bill 394 directs the California Department of Health Services to establish “minimum, specific, and numerical licensed nurse-to-patient ratios by licensed nurse classification and by hospital unit” and have these ratios in place January 1, 2002. This law is scheduled for implementation before there is specific evidence of optimal staffing levels for various patient populations. The author presents a comprehensive literature review of activities related to nurse staffing in the United States, provides data related to existing patient classification systems in California, and suggests an alternative to staffing ratios to protect consumers
Robust calculations of maximum ratio combining diversity gains based on stochastic measurements

Previous work on maximum ratio combining (MRC) diversity has derived a closed-form cumulative distribution function (CDF), referred to as Lee's formula, for spatially correlated Rayleigh fading channels. It is usually believed that (due to its singularity) Lee's formula will result in large numerical error when two eigenvalues of a diversity antenna's covariance matrix are close to each other. This letter shows that the limit of Lee's formula converges to the true CDF as eigenvalues converge to each other, which implies that Lee's formula is robust in determining diversity gains of arbitrary antennas based on stochastic measurements.
Effects of plasma proteins on the adhesion, spreading, polarization in suspension, random motility and chemotaxis of neutrophil leukocytes on polycarbonate (Nuclepore) filtration membrane.

The effects on adhesion, spreading, polarization in suspension, random motility and chemotaxis to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenyl-alanine (FMLP) of neutrophil leukocytes on polycarbonate (Nuclepore) membrane in the Boyden chamber of purified serum albumin, gamma globulin and fibrinogen, as well as of the Hanks'-soluble components of Cohn fractions III (beta and gamma globulins) and IV (albumin, alpha globulins and transferrin) of plasma proteins were tested in comparison to the corresponding effects of dilute fresh heparinized plasma. Serum albumin, fibrinogen and fibronectin inhibited adhesion of neutrophils, so that the spreading, random motility and chemotaxis of these cells could not be assessed in the presence of these proteins alone. These plasma proteins induced little or no polarization of the cells in suspension. Of the remaining preparations, gamma globulin promoted adhesion and excessive spreading and caused corresponding reduction of random motility and chemotaxis to FMLP of these cells. This plasma protein, even in low concentration, induced marked polarization of neutrophils in suspension. Both Cohn fractions III and IV supported adhesion and permitted random motility and chemotaxis to FMLP approximating that which occurs in dilute plasma. These fractions induced moderate polarization of cells in suspension. Addition of serum albumin or fibronection to the preparations of gamma globulin, or Cohn fractions III or IV did not alter the adhesion, random motility or chemotaxis of the neutrophils in these preparations. These results suggest that alpha and beta globulins, as well as gamma globulins are factors in plasma affecting adhesiveness and polarization of neutrophils and which provide for optimal motility and chemotaxis of these cells on solid substrata. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effect of growth hormone dose on bone maturation and puberty in children with idiopathic short stature.

CONTEXT GH at 0.22 mg/kg.wk has been shown to have no effect on pubertal onset or pace, whereas GH at 0.5 mg/kg x wk has been shown to advance pubertal onset and bone maturation. OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to determine whether 0.37 mg/kg x wk GH advanced pubertal onset, pace, or bone maturation relative to 0.24 mg/kg x wk GH; whether 0.37 mg/kg x wk GH led to pubertal onset at an inappropriately early age; and whether age at start of GH therapy influenced pubertal onset. DESIGN We conducted a randomized, open-label study to final height. PATIENTS We studied children with idiopathic short stature. INTERVENTION Patients were treated with 0.24 mg/kg x wk, 0.24 increasing to 0.37 mg/kg x wk, or 0.37 mg/kg x wk. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We assessed age at pubertal onset and rates of bone maturation, Tanner stage development, and increase in testicular volume (boys only). RESULTS For the primary comparison between the 0.24 and 0.37 mg/kg x wk dose groups, median ages of pubertal onset (in years) were similar (13.7 vs. 13.5 for boys and 11.7 vs. 11.4 for girls) and were greater than those for the general population for each sex. Age at start of GH therapy did not appear to influence pubertal onset for either sex. Rates of pubertal pace and bone maturation were not significantly different between the 0.24 and 0.37 mg/kg x wk dose groups for either sex. CONCLUSION GH at 0.37 mg/kg x wk does not appear to accelerate pubertal onset, pace, or bone maturation compared with GH at 0.24 mg/kg x wk in patients with idiopathic short stature. From a clinical standpoint, our results suggest that the approved dose range of up to 0.37 mg/kg x wk GH does not lead to pubertal onset at an inappropriately early age.
A 4-bit 6GS/s time-based analog-to-digital converter

This paper proposes a 4-bit 6GS/s Time-Based Analog-to-Digital Converter (TADC) to be integrated inside the Software Defined Radio (SDR) receivers. The TADC is mainly composed of two blocks which are the Voltage-to-Time Converter (VTC) and the Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC). A prototype of the proposed TADC is implemented using 65 nm technology with a sampling rate of 6GS/s. An ENOB of 3.68 is achieved for an input frequency of 1.331 GHz. The whole system consumes a total power of 21.4 mW.
Analysis of direct power control strategies applied to doubly fed induction generator

This paper presents the results of an investigation into several direct power control (DPC) strategies for the rotor side converter (RSC) of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind energy generation system. The schemes investigated DPC of 2-level hysteresis, DPC of 3-level hysteresis and DPC using Discrete Space Vector Modulation (DSVM), with a 5-level hysteresis. The results of Matlab-Simulink simulations and a comparison between the control schemes are presented, regarding variations of active and reactive power, machine parameters, and wind speed.
Effects of Applied Mechanical Uniaxial and Biaxial Tensile Strain on the Flatband Voltage of (001), (110), and (111) Metal–Oxide–Silicon Capacitors

The flatband-voltage shift of metal-oxide-silicon capacitors is investigated under the application of low-level stress (up to 220 MPa of biaxial stress and 380 MPa of uniaxial stress) to different substrate orientations. We propose that the flatband-voltage shift be modeled as the net effect of silicon-band-edge shifts and modulation of the separation between the band edge and the Fermi level under low levels of applied mechanical strain. For the (001) n-type substrate, a negative flatband-voltage shift is observed due mainly to the downward shift of the conduction-band edge, while a positive flatband-voltage shift is observed for the (001) p-type substrate due to the upward shift of the valence-band edge. For the uniaxial tensile strain on n-substrate capacitors for (110) and (111) substrates, the modulation of band-edge and Fermi-level separation by the conduction-band density of states exceeds the downward shift of the conduction band, which induces a positive flatband shift that is distinct from that observed in the (001) n-substrate. The shift of the band edges is determined by the proposed model and compared with theoretical calculations.
The Effect of Computer-Mediated Communication on Agreement and Acceptance

This study develops and tests a model of relationships among computer-mediated communication systems (CMCS), group processes, and group outcomes. The group outcomes examined are agreement and acceptance. Agreement is the extent to which members of a problem-solving group hold similar views and solutions about the problem at the end of their task. Acceptance is the extent to which members of a problem-solving group acquiesce to the views and solutions of other members, while holding reservations about those views and solutions. The distinction between agreement and acceptance is important because members in agreement are more likely to support the implementation of their solution than are those who merely accept the solution. Based on a laboratory experiment, we find that socioemotional communication (both positive--showing friendliness and supportiveness--and negative--showing hostility and rejection) as well as task-oriented communication play important mediating roles between CMCS use and acceptance and agreement. The findings suggest ways to promote agreement through management intervention and CMCS design. In addition, our findings suggest some intriguing avenues for further research, such as the lack of symmetry between the effects of positive and negative socioemotional communication.
Human emotion detection through facial expressions for commercial analysis

Emotion defines what do we feel about something and facial expressions are the most obvious way to show it. Identifying human emotions through the use of a computer has always been a challenge thus, Facial Expression Recognition (FER) systems are being developed to mainly detect and recognize seven (7) core emotions namely: Joy, Fear, Sadness, Neutral, Surprise, Disgust and Anger. The proposed work introduces an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) which models the relationship between human facial expression and corresponding conveyed emotion extracting visual features while viewing a commercial. ANN also classifies the image set into the seven core emotions. Dimensionality Reduction based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was done to obtain feature vectors of the image dataset. Improved recognition rate can be seen on the experimental data which is due to the dimensionality reduction performed. The proposed algorithm is tested using the Japanese Female Facial Expression (JAFFE) Database.
Cycle-to-Cycle Intrinsic RESET Statistics in ${\rm HfO}_{2}$-Based Unipolar RRAM Devices

The statistics of the RESET voltage <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$(V_{\rm RESET})$</tex></formula> and the RESET current <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$(I_{\rm RESET})$</tex></formula> of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm Pt}/{\rm HfO}_{2}/{\rm Pt}$</tex></formula> resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices operated under unipolar mode are analyzed. The experimental results show that both the distributions of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$I_{\rm RESET}$</tex></formula> and <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$V_{\rm RESET}$</tex></formula> are strongly influenced by the distribution of initial resistance in the ON state <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$(R_{\rm ON})$</tex></formula>, which is related to the size of the conductive filament (CF) before RESET. By screening the statistical data into different resistance ranges, both the distributions of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$I_{\rm RESET}$</tex></formula> and <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$V_{\rm RESET}$</tex></formula> are shown to be compatible with a Weibull model. Contrary to previous reports for NiO-based RRAM, the Weibull slopes of the <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$I_{\rm RESET}$</tex></formula> and <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$V_{\rm RESET}$</tex></formula> are demonstrated to be independent of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$R_{\rm ON}$</tex></formula>. This is an indication that the RESET point, defined in this letter as the point of maximum current, corresponds to the initial phase of CF dissolution. On the other hand, given that the scale factor of the <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$V_{\rm RESET}$</tex></formula> distribution <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$(V_{\rm RESET63\%})$</tex></formula> is roughly independent of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$R_{\rm ON}$</tex></formula>, the scale factor of the <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$I_{\rm RESET}$</tex></formula> <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$(I_{\rm RESET63\%})$</tex></formula> is inversely proportional to <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$R_{\rm ON}$</tex></formula>. This is analogous to what was found in NiO-based RRAM and it is consistent with the thermal dissolution model of RESET. Our results highlight the intrinsic link between the SET and RESET statistics and the need for controlling the variation of ON-state resistance to reduce the variability of the RESET voltage and current.
Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems ( MCIS ) 2009 From Self-interest To Commons : Distinct Aspect Of social Bookmarking Services

With web contents being generated and shared at an ever-increasing pace, a number of approaches to effectively control and retrieve contents have been developed. Social tagging is a widely implemented method for classifying contents resulting from the dispersed activities of users. Social bookmarking services (SBM) is a web service with the purpose of making information generally available on a shared basis. Accumulation of tags on SBM occurs mainly without inviting the collaboration of others, but on the basis of activities satisfying individual self-interest. SBM is in fact the optimal web platform utilizing the sum of such activities for the formation of commons.
Discovering Concepts Using Spreadsheet Tables

Existing work on knowledge discovery mostly uses natural language techniques to extract entities and relationships from textual documents. However, today relational tables are abundant in quantities, and oen contain clean and well-structured data values. So far these rich relational tables have been largely overlooked for the purpose of knowledge discovery. In this work, we study the problem of building concept hierarchies using a large corpus of spreadsheet tables. Our method rst groups distinct values from tables into a large hierarchical tree based on co-occurrence statistics. We then “summarize” the large tree by selecting important nodes from the tree that can best “describe” the original table corpus. e end result is a small concept hierarchy that is easy for humans to understand and curate. Our end-to-end algorithms are designed to run on Map-Reduce to scale to large table corpus. Experiments on real enterprise spreadsheet corpus show that proposed approach can generate concepts with high quality. ACM Reference format: Keqian Li, Yeye He, and Kris Ganjam. 2017. Discovering Concepts Using Spreadsheet Tables . In Proceedings of ACM conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Nova Scotia, Canada, Aug 2017 (KDD’17), 10 pages. DOI: 10.1145/3097983.3098102
Optimal Alignment of Multiple Sequence Alignments

An essential tool in biology is the alignment of multiple sequences. Biologists use multiple sequence alignments for tasks such as predicting protein structure and function, reconstructing phylogenetic trees, and finding motifs. Constructing high-quality multiple alignments is computationally hard, both in theory and in practice, and is typically done using heuristic methods. The majority of state-of-the-art multiple alignment programs employ a form and polish strategy, where in the construction phase, an initial multiple alignment is formed by progressively merging smaller alignments, starting with single sequences. Then in a local-search phase, the resulting alignment is polished by repeatedly splitting it into smaller alignments and re-merging. This merging of alignments, the basic computational problem in the construction and local-search phases of the best multiple alignment heuristics, is called the Aligning Alignments Problem. Under the sum-of-pairs objective for scoring multiple alignments, this problem may seem to be a simple extension of two-sequence alignment. It is proven here, however, that with affine gap costs (which are recognized as necessary to get biologically-informative alignments) the problem is NP-complete when gaps are counted exactly. Interestingly, this form of multiple alignment is polynomial-time solvable when we relax the exact count, showing that exact gap counts themselves are inherently hard in multiple sequence alignment. Unlike general multiple alignment however, we show that Aligning Alignments with affine gap costs and exact counts is tractable in practice, by demonstrating an effective algorithm and a fast implementation. Our software AlignAlign is both time- and space-efficient on biological data. Computational experiments on biological data show instances derived from standard benchmark suites can be optimally aligned with surprising efficiency, and experiments on simulated data show the time and space both scale well.
Low frequency rTMS stimulation of the right frontal cortex is as effective as high frequency rTMS stimulation of the left frontal cortex for antidepressant-free, treatment-resistant depressed patients.

BACKGROUND Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising relatively non-invasive alternative for the treatment of depression. The purpose of this study was to compare the apparent effectiveness of high frequency (20 Hertz) rTMS applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) with that of low frequency (1 Hz) rTMS applied over the right DLPFC METHODS: Twenty-eight antidepressant-free adults with major depressive (n = 25) or bipolar (n = 3) disorder (not on mood stabilizers) in a current major depression (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HAM-D-21] > or = 18; Mean = 24.5, SD = 5.51) were treated (14 right, 14 left) for 4 weeks. RESULTS Overall paired t-tests revealed a significant reduction in mean HAM-D-21, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGIC) scores at the end of treatment for both groups (high frequency left DLPFC and low frequency right DLPFC). The treatment response rate found (32%) was typical of other response rates reported in the literature (6,30). One-month follow-up data was obtained from 50% of participants. At 1-month follow-up no significant differences were noted as compared to patients' performance at last treatment visit, indicating moderate robustness of rTMS treatment over time. Furthermore, magnetic stimulation did not substantially alter patient memory over the course of treatment. CONCLUSION rTMS given at low frequency over the right frontal cortex appears to be as effective treatment of refractory depression as high frequency treatment over the left frontal cortex.
Current and emerging treatment options in chronic myeloid leukemia

Treatments for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) represent a success story in molecular medicine. The development of imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeted against the causative Bcr‐Abl oncoprotein in CML, has resulted in hematologic and cytogenetic remissions in all phases of CML. A significant proportion of patients are resistant to imatinib or develop resistance during treatment. This is often a result of mutated forms of the Bcr‐Abl oncoprotein to which imatinib is unable to bind. Several strategies have been developed to overcome the problem of imatinib resistance, including high‐dose imatinib, novel targeted agents, and combination treatments. Novel agents include dasatinib, a potent TKI that inhibits several critical oncogenic proteins and which has recently been approved for patients with CML who are resistant or intolerant to imatinib; and nilotinib, a potent selective Bcr‐Abl kinase inhibitor currently in clinical development. Other agents in development include SKI‐606 and INNO‐406. Stem cell transplantation remains a useful option, although it is not generally used as first‐line treatment. Overall, there are an increasing number of treatment options available for patients with CML. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Evaluation of knee ligament surgery results with special emphasis on use of a scoring scale

We have designed a scoring scale for knee ligament surgery follow-up emphasizing evaluation of symp toms of instability. Instability is defined as ''giving way" during activity. Our scoring scale was compared to a slightly modified Larson scale in patients with anteromedial and/or anterolateral instability, poster olateral and straight posterior instability, chondroma lacia patellae, and meniscus lesion. The two scales gave basically the same results in patients with menis cus rupture. In patients with unstable knees, the new scale gave a significantly lower total score. Thus, the new scale evaluates functional impairment due to clin ical instability better than the modified Larson scale. The total score, with the new scoring scale, corre sponded to the patients' own opinion of function and to the presence or absence of signs of instability.
Modulation of the motility of the vagina vera of Ascaris suum in vitro by FMRFamide-related peptides

Ascaris suum contains a large number of FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs) of which KNEFIRFamide (AF1), KHEYLRFamide (AF2) and KSAYMRFamide (AF8, also called PF3) have been extensively studied and are known to exert actions on somatic muscle strips of the worm. In the present study, the effects of AF1, AF2 and AF8 on the activity of the vagina vera of female A. suum have been examined in vitro. The vagina vera is a muscular tube connecting the uterus and vagina uteri to the gonopore and is probably involved in regulating egg output. The tissue exhibited spontaneous, rhythmic contractions in vitro, which were modulated by each of the FaRPs tested. The effects of each of the peptides were qualitatively and quantitatively different, and in each case were reversible. AF1 (1 μM) caused a biphasic response in the form of a transient lengthening of the preparation, followed by a shortening; contractions were initially inhibited but resumed 5 min post-addition of the peptide. Lower concentrations ([les ]0·1 μM) induced a less marked effect, with rhythmic contractions returning 5 min post-addition. AF2 and AF8 reduced contraction frequency at concentrations [ges ]0·1 μM. Both peptides also caused the tissue to shorten, although the effects of AF8 on baseline tension were inconsistent. The apparent potencies of AF1 and AF8 on contraction frequency of the vagina vera were 10-fold greater than AF2 and, unlike their actions on A. suum somatic body wall muscles, the actions of AF1 and AF2 were qualitatively different. Indeed, the effects of each of these FaRPs on the vagina vera were markedly different from those observed on the somatic muscle.
Prey-derived signals regulating duration of the developmental growth phase of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus

The filamentous elongation typical of growth-phase cells of the predatory bacterium Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is mediated by regulatory signals that are derived from the prey cell itself. These signals regulate the differentiation of growth-phase cells into the attack phase and appear to be required for continued filamentous growth by prey-dependent wild-type bdellovibrios and their prey-independent mutant derivatives alike. Using a prey-independent bdellovibrio strain, we have developed an assay for the detection and quantification of the growth-extending signal activity present in extracts of prey cells. This prey-derived regulatory activity was shown to be independent of its nutritional contribution to the bdellovibrios and was found to occur in heat-stable, proteinlike compounds of a variety of native molecular weights within the soluble fraction of extracts from both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.