Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of a Multitasking System for Automatic Ship Berthing in Marine Practice Based on an Integrated Neural Controller

In this article, a multitasking system is investigated for automatic ship berthing in marine practices, based on artificial neural networks (ANNs). First, a neural network with separate structures in hidden layers is developed, based on a head-up coordinate system. This network is trained once with the berthing data of a ship in an original port to conduct berthing tasks in different ports. Then, on the basis of the developed network, an integrated mechanism including three negative signs is linked to achieve an integrated neural controller. This controller can bring the ship to a berth on each side of the ship in different ports. The whole system has the ability to berth for different tasks without retraining the neural network. Finally, to validate the effectiveness of the proposed system for automatic ship berthing, numerical simulations were performed for berthing tasks, such as different ports, and berthing each side of the ship. The results indicate that the proposed system shows a good performance in automatic ship berthing.
Generation of Synthetic Continuous Numerical Data Using Generative Adversarial Networks

Continuous numerical is a type of data which often used for unsupervised learning such as clustering. However, this valuable data often provided in a small amount because it is hard to obtain, expensive, required an expert to collect them, or not available because it contains confidential information that cannot be published. These limited data situations can be an obstacle for processing and analyzing data or restrain clustering related research in general. Therefore, there is a need to be an alternative that can replace or increase the amount of data. The proposed method is generating synthetic continuous numerical data using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). This study used two GAN architectures (GAN and CGAN) and focused on unlabeled continuous numerical data to provide replacement or additional data for the clustering task. The Quality of synthetic data was measured using the accuracy of the xgboost algorithm in classifying real and synthetic data. When the xgboost accuracy of perfectly realistic data is 50%, synthetic data based on CGAN achieving 63%. The result of this study shows that GAN can generate data similar enough and not significantly different from the real data.
Altered brain function in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: A hierarchical series of task-based fMRI meta-analyses

Background Many structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have reported differences in brain functional anatomy associated with eating disorders (EDs). We aimed to quantitatively synthesize the current literature of anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) with a goal of deriving a consensus across these studies. Methods We performed a hierarchical series of 49 activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses of 101 experiments from 63 studies at the disorder (AN+BN), diagnosis (AN or BN), and task (food-, body-, emotion- or cognitive function-related tasks) levels. We further performed sub-analyses at the diagnosis level to assess the influence of disease stage (current or recovered AN), subtype (restrictive AN, rAN), psychiatric comorbidity, medication, and data processing. Results We did not observe consistent differences in brain activity across all hierarchies. Rather, we observed differences in brain activity in the right fusiform, left inferior parietal lobule and left precuneus that were primarily related to food (representing 19 experiments) and emotion (25 experiments) tasks performed by current AN patients (56 experiments). Conclusions The task-based functional MRI literature in AN and BN represents a heterogenous set of tasks and patients. Given this heterogeneity, we found very limited convergence across a rather large literature. Such limited convergence suggests individual task-based studies of EDs should be interpreted cautiously. We recommend that future studies of EDs carefully characterize patients based on nutritional status and that, beyond clinical diagnosis, studies utilize a trait- or cognitive-domain-based approach to define their populations of interest. Meta-ananlysis Registration “Meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of eating disorders”, https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero (Registration Number: CRD42018086497).
The Tropical Cyclone as a Divergent Source in a Background Flow

The interactions between the outflow of a tropical cyclone (TC) and its background flow are explored using a hierarchy of models of varying complexity. Previous studies have established that, for a select class of TCs that undergo rapid intensification in moderate values of vertical wind shear, the upper-level outflow of the TC can block and reroute the environmental winds, thus reducing the shear and permitting the TC to align and subsequently to intensify. We identify in satellite imagery and reanalysis datasets the presence of tilt nutations and evidence of upwind blocking by the divergent wind field, which are critical components of atypical rapid intensification. We then demonstrate how an analytical expression and a shallow water model can be used to explain some of the structure of upper-level outflow. The analytical expression shows that the dynamic high inside the outflow front is a superposition of two pressure anomalies caused by the outflow’s deceleration by the environment and by the environment’s deceleration by the outflow. The shallow water model illustrates that the blocking is almost entirely dependent upon the divergent component of the wind. Then, using a divergent kinetic energy budget analysis, we demonstrate that, in a full-physics TC, upper-level divergent flow generation occurs in two phases: pressure driven and then momentum driven. The change happens when the tilt precession reaches left of shear. When this change occurs, the outflow blocking extends upshear. We discuss these results with regard to prior severe weather studies.
Application of ozone for degradation of mycotoxins in food: A review.

Mycotoxins such as aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxin A (OTA) fumonisins (FMN), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), and patulin are stable at regular food process practices. Ozone (O3 ) is a strong oxidizer and generally considered as a safe antimicrobial agent in food industries. Ozone disrupts fungal cells through oxidizing sulfhydryl and amino acid groups of enzymes or attacks the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the cell wall. Fusarium is the most sensitive mycotoxigenic fungi to ozonation followed by Aspergillus and Penicillium. Studies have shown complete inactivation of Fusarium and Aspergillus by O3 gas. Spore germination and toxin production have also been reduced after ozone fumigation. Both naturally and artificially, mycotoxin-contaminated samples have shown significant mycotoxin reduction after ozonation. Although the mechanism of detoxification is not very clear for some mycotoxins, it is believed that ozone reacts with the functional groups in the mycotoxin molecules, changes their molecular structures, and forms products with lower molecular weight, less double bonds, and less toxicity. Although some minor physicochemical changes were observed in some ozone-treated foods, these changes may or may not affect the use of the ozonated product depending on the further application of it. The effectiveness of the ozonation process depends on the exposure time, ozone concentration, temperature, moisture content of the product, and relative humidity. Due to its strong oxidizing property and corrosiveness, there are strict limits for O3 gas exposure. O3 gas has limited penetration and decomposes quickly. However, ozone treatment can be used as a safe and green technology for food preservation and control of contaminants.
Distance matters: the effects of self-brand connections and construal levels on ad responses

Abstract This research examined the relationship between consumers’ self-brand connections (SBCs) and psychological distance toward a brand (Study 1) and empirically tested the matching principle in which construal levels of ad messages (high vs. low) should be congruent with a target market’s SBCs to maximize ad effectiveness (Studies 2 and 3). Study 1 found when consumers had stronger SBCs, they felt a closer psychological distance toward the brand. Meanwhile, Studies 2 and 3 revealed that participants in the weak SBCs condition responded to high-level construals (or abstractly-framed ads) more favorably than to low-level construals (or concretely-framed ads). However, no difference by the ad construals was found for the strong SBCs condition, indicating that a brand with relatively weak SBCs is more conducive to the matching principle than one with strong SBCs is.
PUT-Hand—Hybrid Industrial and Biomimetic Gripper for Elastic Object Manipulation

In this article, the design of a five-fingered anthropomorphic gripper is presented specifically designed for the manipulation of elastic objects. The manipulator features a hybrid design, being equipped with three fully actuated fingers for precise manipulation, and two underactuated, tendon-driven digits for secure power grasping. For ease of reproducibility, the design uses as many off-the-shelf and 3D-printed components as possible. The on-board controller circuit and firmware are also presented. The design includes resistive position and angle sensors in each joint, resulting in full joint observability. The controller has a position-based controller integrated, along with USB communication protocol, enabling gripper state reporting and direct motor control from a PC. A high-level driver operating as a Robot Operating System node is also provided. All drives and circuitry of the PUT-Hand are integrated within the hand itself. The sensory system of the hand includes tri-axial optical force sensors placed on fully actuated fingers’ fingertips for reaction force measurement. A set of experiments is provided to present the motion and perception capabilities of the gripper. All design files and source codes are available online under CC BY-NC 4.0 and MIT licenses.
Can Direct Payments Facilitate Agricultural Commercialisation: Evidence from a Transition Country

We investigate the impact of direct payments on agricultural commercialisation in Kosovo. Kosovo is one of the poorest countries in Europe but, with European assistance, provides substantial funds to support agriculture, made up of many small and often semi-subsistence farms. Thus, the effect of this support is a central policy issue. Identifying the effect of direct payments on market participation faces endogeneity issues arising from the possible simultaneous determination of participation in support programmes and market participation. In order to achieve proper identification of the endogenous direct payments, we use a strategy of targeted identification search that employs several different methodological approaches. We find that direct payments for fruit and vegetables, and those for cereals and oilseeds have a positive effect on market participation. However, we cannot identify any definite effect of livestock payments.
Known loci in the KIT and TYR genes do not explain the depigmented white coat colour of Austro-Hungarian Baroque donkey

Abstract The Italian Asinara donkey and the White Austro-Hungarian Baroque donkey share an identical coat colour phenotype which is characterised by unpigmented skin, white hair, white hooves and blue eyes. Whereas for the Asinara donkey the white coat colour phenotype was assigned to a recessive inherited missense mutation in the Tyrosinase gene (TYR), the underlying genetic background in the White Austro-Hungarian Baroque donkey has not been studied yet. Historical documents derived by the presence of Austro-Hungarian prisoners in the Asinara Island during the First World War might suggest a possible common origin of the same coat colour phenotype in the two breeds. Genotyping of this mutation in the TYR gene and the loci in the KIT gene associated with Dominant White and White Spotting phenotype, revealed, that none of the mutated alleles segregated in the White Austro-Hungarian Baroque Donkey breed. Also sequencing analysis of the TYR gene did not result in the detection of further candidate variants. Therefore, the TYR gene can be excluded as a possible candidate gene for this specific coat colour in the White Austro-Hungarian Baroque donkey. This result excludes a common genetic origin of the white coat colour of the Asinara and White Austro-Hungarian Baroque donkeys that historical documents could have suggested. Highlights Historical information indicated that the white (albino) Asinara donkey breed and the White Austro-Hungarian Baroque donkey breed could be genetically related. The TYR mutation identified in Asinara donkeys and known polymorphic sites in the KIT gene associated with depigmented white coat colour in donkeys do not segregate in the White Austro-Hungarian Baroque Donkey. Due to different underlying genetic background of one identical phenotype in two populations, no common ancestors can be assumed between Asinara donkey and White Austro-Hungarian Baroque donkey throughout the last century.
Pencil or Keyboard? Boys’ Preferences in Writing

Handwriting is an important subject in primary schools, especially in the Early Years. The importance of writing skill is now seen as a debate with the increasing demand on children to learn technology skills to help them with 21st Century learning—how to write on the keyboard effectively. The topic is important because handwriting is an essential life skill to have with or without technology. In this study, I looked at the importance of both in the context of the qualitative case studies in three schools in Melbourne, Australia. The aim of the research is to explore how do students understand the learning of handwriting and keyboarding in schools? This qualitative case study employed a Thematic Analysis approach in which the central intention was to understand the lived experience of six Year 6 boys across three schools and their attitudes to writing and technology. In this article, I addressed the importance of teaching handwriting to primary school students, especially in the first four years of their school life from Foundation to Year 3. The findings suggest that teachers should continue explicitly teaching handwriting to their students despite the heavy reliance on technology in today’s lifestyle.
Diagnostic Validity of Cica Beta Test 1 for the Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Gram Negative Bacteria by Comparing with Phenotypic Method

Background: Detection of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing bacteria is an important issue in the clinical settings. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to validate the Cica Beta Test 1 for detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria. Method: This analytical type of cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from January 2006 to December 2006 for a period of one (01) year. All the patients presented with the clinical features of urinary tract infection and surgical as well as burn wound infection at any age with both sexes were selected as study population. All bacteria were isolated and identified by their colony morphology, staining characters, pigment production, motility and other relevant biochemical tests. Phenotypic confirmation of ESBLs producing isolates were done by inhibitor potentiated disc diffusion test according to CLSI recommendation. The Cica Beta Test 1 was performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Result: A total number of 288 Gram negative bacteria were isolated. Among these isolates Cica Beta test 1 was positive in 97 strains and phenotypic confirmatory test was positive in 89 strains. The test sensitivity of Cica Beta Test 1 was 100% (95% CI 95.9% to 100.0%). Specificity of the test was 96.0% (95% CI 92.2% to 98.2%). The positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 92.7% (95% CI 84.5% to 95.7%) and 100.0% (95% CI 98.0% to 100.0%) respectively. The accuracy of the test was 97.2% (95% CI 95.1% to 99.1%). Area under ROC curve = 0.980 (95% CI 0.964 to 0.996); p value 0.0001. Conclusion: In conclusion, Cica Beta Test 1 is very high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of ESBL from Gram negative bacteria.
The Role of Public Trust and Media in the Psychological and Behavioral Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective: We investigated the level of psychological problems, perceived risk, safety behaviors, and the potential roles of demographic variables, public trust, media, and prior anxiety to illness during the COVID-19pandemic among Iranians. Method : In this cross sectional study, using a convenient and snowball sampling method, we distributed an online questionnaire to participants and collected data on their demographic variables, mental health status, the consumption of and level of trust to various media, the level of public trust, and perceived risk and safety behaviors regards COVID-19. Our final sample consisted of 1881 Iranian residents. We used descriptive analysis, bivariate correlation, univariable and multivariable linear regression analysis, and univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis for data analysis. Results: The mental health problems have increased in comparison to past national survey; 24.1% vs 10.39% for depression, 37.93% vs 16.7% for social dysfunction, and 41.33% vs 29.5% for anxiety, and 31.12% vs 29.08% for somatization. We also found high percent of acute stress 52.71% (95% CI: 50.45-54.96). Being female, married, and having a higher educational level increased the odds of safety behaviors. Public trust and national media can regulate the negative effect of the pandemic, while increasing perceived risk and appropriate safety behaviors can decrease psychological problems and disorders. However, social media increases perceived risk, safety behaviors, and psychological problems, especially severe acute stress. Conclusion: We are in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic and its negative effects will increase. Many people have lost their relatives, their jobs, their social contacts, and are faced with a surge of negative news. Authorities should consider these critical issues and adopt appropriate communicative and supportive approaches to prevent their negative effects at both individual and societal levels.
Towards a Unified Approach to System‐of‐Systems Risk Analysis Based on Systems Theory

In systems‐of‐systems (SoS), trustworthiness is a key concern, which includes operational risks such as safety, security, and privacy. These are particularly challenging to achieve in an SoS, due to the shared responsibility among independent constituent systems. This paper investigates a unified approach based on systems thinking for analyzing risks in SoS. Having a common framework is important, since many risk areas are related and affect each other. The paper also discusses how traditional static risk analysis can be complemented by dynamic techniques that collect data over time to fuel SoS evolution with respect to risk reduction.
Detection of Virtual Private Network Traffic Using Machine Learning

The detection of unauthorized users can be problematic for techniques that are available at present if the nefarious actors are using identity hiding tools such as anonymising proxies or virtual private networks (VPNs). This work presents computational models to address the limitations currently experienced in detecting VPN traffic. A model to detect usage of VPNs was developed using a multi-layered perceptron neural network that was trained using flow statistics data found in the transmission control protocol (TCP) header of captured network packets. Validation testing showed that the presented models are capable of classifying network traffic in a binary manner as direct (originating directly from a user's own device) or indirect (makes use of identity and location hiding features of VPNs) with high degrees of accuracy. The experiments conducted to classify OpenVPN usage found that the neural network was able to correctly identify the VPN traffic with an overall accuracy of 93.71%. The further work done to classify Stunnel OpenVPN usage found that the Neural Network was able to correctly identify VPN traffic with an overall accuracy of 97.82% accuracy when using 10-fold cross validation. This final experiment also provided an observation of 3 different validation techniques and the different accuracy results obtained. These results demonstrate a significant advancement in the detection of unauthorised user access with evidence showing that there could be further advances for research in this field particularly in the application of business security where the detection of VPN usage is important to an organization.
Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Koelreuteria bipinnata

Abstract Koelreuteria bipinnata is an important ornamental tree with attractive flowers and fruits. In this study, we used next-generation sequencing technology to obtain the complete chloroplast genome of K. bipinnata. The entire genome was determined to be 163,863 bp in size, harboring a typical quadripartite structure with a large single copy (LSC) region of 90,240 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 18,883 bp, and a pair of 27,370 bp inverted repeat (IR) regions. The genome was predicted to contain 132 genes, including 84 protein-coding genes, 40 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The overall GC content of K. bipinnata chloroplast genome was 37.29%. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete chloroplast genome sequences indicated that K. bipinnata was closely related to K. paniculate. This study would be useful for future population genetics studies and phylogenetic analysis of K. bipinnata.
Prospects of monoclonal antibodies in COVID-19 treatment: a systematic review.

Introduction We reviewed the types of monoclonal antibodies being repurposed for COVID-19 therapeutics, the clinical outcomes and adverse effects so as to provide evidence the bedside physicians, the health policy-makers and the general public could employ in the COVID-19 management protocol. Methods This systematic review was conducted following the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The Joanna Briggs Institute’s critical appraisal checklists for evaluation of the quality of studies were employed to assess the quality of the different types of primary studies included in the review. Results Our search strategy identified 396 potentially relevant articles which decreased to 322 after duplicates were removed. 281 articles were screened out due to lack of relevance. The full text of the remaining 41 relevant papers were retrieved for full text evaluation after which only 19 studies from eight countries met our eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Majority (42%) of the studies emanated from Italy. Also, 94.7% of the studies used tocilizumab. A total of 698 patients were included in all the studies with a male/female ratio of 1.94:1. 78.9% of the studies stated patients’ co-morbidities which include hypertension (80%), diabetes mellitus (73.3%), cardiovascular disease (53.3%) and obesity (26.7%). 75.9% of the patients recovered. Adverse effects reported included viral myocarditis, bacteraemia, candidaemia and invasive aspergillosis. Conclusion Monoclonal antibodies, especially tocilizumab and eculizumab hold some promise in the treatment of the disease but controlled clinical trials using them as monotherapy are needed to further evaluate this finding.