Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global extinctions of freshwater fishes follow peatland conversion in Sundaland

The peat swamp forests (PSFs) of Sundaland, in Southeast Asia, support many endemic freshwater fish species. However, the future of these species is in doubt, owing to ongoing PSF deforestation. Here, we show that, if current rates of PSF conversion to a predominantly agricultural mosaic landscape continue through 2050, 16 fish species may become globally extinct. In the worst-case scenario, where the rate of conversion across the region matches that of the most rapidly deforested river basin, 77% (79 of 102 species) of the narrowly adapted (stenotopic) fish species are likely to become extinct, a figure that would more than double known extinctions of the world's freshwater fishes. As indicated by our analysis, the PSFs of Indonesia's Central Kalimantan region would be most severely impacted.
Processing of Integrin αv Subunit by Membrane Type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase Stimulates Migration of Breast Carcinoma Cells on Vitronectin and Enhances Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Focal Adhesion Kinase*

Recently, we have shown that membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) exhibits integrin convertase activity. Similar to furin-like proprotein convertases, MT1-MMP directly processes a single chain precursor of αvintegrin subunit (pro-αv) into the heavy and light α-chains connected by a disulfide bridge. To evaluate functionality of MT1-MMP-processed integrins, we examined breast carcinoma MCF7 cells co-expressing αvβ3 integrin with either the wild type or mutant MT1-MMP in a variety of migration and adhesion tests. Specific inhibitors of proprotein convertases and MMP were employed in our cell system to attenuate the individual pathways of pro-αv maturation. We present evidence that MT1-MMP cleavage of pro-αv in the cells did not affect RGD-ligand binding of the resulting αvβ3 integrin but enhanced outside-in signal transduction through a focal adhesion kinase pathway. Enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase in cells co-expressing MT1-MMP and αvβ3integrin contributed to efficient adhesion and, especially, migration of cells on vitronectin, a ligand of αvβ3integrin. These mechanisms underscore the significance of a coordinated interplay between MT1-MMP and αvβ3 integrin in tumor cells and identify downstream signaling pathways resulting from their interactions. Regulation of integrin maturation and functionality may be an important role of MT1-MMP in tumor cells.
Recovery and Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani and Binucleate Rhizoctonia-like Fungi in Forest Nurseries

A baiting technique using slash pine stem segments provided a rapid, sensitive, and accurate means of assessing inoculum potential of populations of Rhizoctonia solani and binucleate Rhizoctonia-like funi (BRLF) in forest nursery soils. Recovery of R. solani and BRLF from soils was best when stem segments were from 45-to 75-day-old seedlings and when soil plates with stem segments were incubated for 48 hr at 20-30 C
Photoelectron Shaping Marine Microbial Compositional and Metabolic Variation in the Photic Zone Around Estuary and Offshore Area of Yellow Sea, China

Abstract The photoelectrochemical characteristic of semiconducting minerals plays an imperative role in supporting the growth of many electroactive microorganisms. In order to study the effects of photoelectrons triggered from semiconducting mineral by solar energy on the marine microbial growth, metabolism, and community structure, a dual-chamber electrochemical system was established by incubating seawater microbial community with varying simulated electrochemical conditions. The absolute quantifications of 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes suggested that photoelectrons could support the growth and reproduction of bacteria with an increase of two magnitudes from 1.34 ± 0.76 × 1012 to 1.41 ± 0.93 × 1014, and archaea with a slight increase from 0.50–8.74 × 1011 to 2.37–14.80 × 1011, whereas not for the growth of eukaryote in consideration of the complicated regulating mechanism of eukaryotic cells. The bacterial and archaeal communities were shaped by the supplement of photoelectron, also not for the eukaryotic community. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria accounted for over 80% of the total bacterial community. Photoelectrons with appropriate energy could stimulate the diversity and maintain the community structure of bacteria and archaea while lower or higher electric potential caused lower diversity and more divergent microbial assemblages. The abundance of genes related to the electron transport chain was significantly higher in photoelectron regulated setups than that in open circuit ones, indicating that the extracellular photoelectrons experienced the transmembrane transition and entered the bacterial electron transport chain coupling cell anabolism and catabolism. This study proposed the potential impact of photoelectrons produced by semiconducting minerals on marine microorganisms and the putative electron flow under sunlight in the natural environments.
Effect of storage on fatty acid profile of butter from cows fed whole or ground flaxseed with or without monensin

Oito vacas da raca Holandesa com 570 ± 43 kg de peso vivo e 60 ± 20 dias de lactacao foram distribuidas em delineamento quadrado latino duplo, com quatro periodos de 21 dias, para avaliar o fornecimento de linhaca inteira ou moida, com ou sem suplementacao de monensina sodica (0,02% na MS), sobre o perfil de acidos graxos da manteiga armazenada por 15 e 45 dias. O fornecimento de linhaca moida, em comparacao ao de linhaca inteira, diminuiu as porcentagens relativas de 16:0, cis7-16:1, 17:0, e cis10-17:1, mas aumentou cis9,trans11-18:2, cis3-18:3, e omega-3 na manteiga, reduzindo a porcentagem relativa de acidos graxos de cadeia media e aumentando o conteudo de acidos graxos poliinsaturados. A suplementacao com monensina aumentou as porcentagens relativas de cis9,trans11-18:2 e tendeu a aumentar a porcentagem relativa de 17:0 e diminuir acidos graxos saturados na manteiga. A manteiga das vacas que receberam monensina na dieta apresentou menor porcentagem relativa de cis6-20:4. As porcentagens relativas de cis9-16:1, cis10-17:1, 18:0, trans11-42 18:1, cis9-18:1, cis3-18:3, cis6-20:4 na manteiga armazenada por 15 dias foram maiores que naquela armazenada por 45 dias e as porcentagens relativas de cis3-20:5 tenderam a diminuir com o aumento do periodo de armazenamento. Em consequencia, as porcentagens relativas de acidos graxos saturados e de cadeia media aumentaram com o tempo de armazenamento, enquanto acidos graxos monoinsaturados e de cadeia longa diminuiram. A manteiga enriquecida com acidos graxos poliinsaturados pode ter vida de prateleira mais curta, devido ao efeito negativo do armazenamento no perfil de acidos graxos, que pode provocar oxidacao e rancidez.
Effects of Memory Dependent Derivative of Bio-heat Model in Skin Tissue exposed to Laser Radiation

INTRODUCTION: Thermal processes are the essence of living organisms and are necessary for understanding life. The study of Transfer of heat in tissues is known as Bioheat transfer. Many techniques are developed for the thermal treatment of skin and other disease such as skin cancer, skin burns and injured skin tissue with laser. The tissue is inhomogeneous and at times anisotropic with complex thermal properties. Moreover, there may be skin tissue damage when irradiated with a laser beam. OBJECTIVES: In this research a novel one-dimensional (1-D) bioheat model has been used with memory-dependent derivative (MDD) in Pennes’ bioheat transfer equation due to laser radiation and the thermal damage in tissue caused due to laser heating has been examined. METHODS: Bioheat transfer model has been used with memory-dependent derivative (MDD) in Pennes’ bioheat transfer equation. The problem is solved using Laplace transform technique. RESULTS: The temperature and thermal damage in the skin exposed to heating with laser radiation is calculated and obtained in physical form. The thermal reaction of skin tissues during laser radiation is studied under memory-dependent derivative (MDD) in Pennes’ bioheat transfer equation. CONCLUSION: Analyzed a novel bioheat mathematical model on the basis of MDD involving time-delay parameter χχ for the Pennes’ bioheat transfer equation and applied to examine the thermal properties of the skin tissue for burns caused due to laser radiations. The thermal damages can be measured in a better way with the MDD model. The blood perfusion prevent the tissue damage by developing the cooling function. Effect of memory dependent derivatives and time delay parameter are represented graphically and analysed.
Fleeting moments: young children’s negotiations of belonging and togetherness

ABSTRACT With the aim of developing new knowledge on inclusive practices for young children in early childhood education, the following research question was explored: what characterises young children's negotiations of belonging and togetherness in a diverse peer group in kindergarten? Data from field work in a young children's group in a multicultural kindergarten in Norway formed basis for the present study's analysis, which was conducted within a cultural-historical framework. The findings revealed that the two-year-olds' everyday institutional lives were influenced by features in the peer culture and characterised by fleeting moments of caring and sharing, shared joint experiences and ongoing negotiations of mutual bonds, hierarchies and group boundaries. Although the findings did not reveal any differences along ethnic or cultural lines when it came to the two-year-olds' negotiations of belonging and togetherness, the fact that the peer culture already at this age included the application of hierarchies and symbol systems, calls for kindergarten teachers' awareness in order to secure inclusive practices for young children.
Effects of Metal Welding Fumes on Kidney Function Parameters in Male Albino Rats

Welding is described as one of the most hazardous occupations. The study aims to determine the influence of metal welding fumes on kidney function parameters in blood of the exposed animals. The fumes were collected from welding sites during the activity by a skilled welder. One hundred thirty experimental animals were used and made into 13 groups. Twelve groups were given dosages calculated to correspond to real life workers exposure regimes and 1 group served as control. The dosages were administered intratracheally after been anesthetized weekly for 12 weeks. The animals were sacrificed and whole blood samples were taken. Serum was used to determine urea, chloride (Cl), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K) and the activity of creatinkinase (CK). The values of Urea and Creatinine in the treatment groups have exceeded the control values and slightly significant. Values of electrolytes Cl, K and Na in all the treatment groups have exceeded the control. Thus, it shows impairment of the kidney by elevated serum levels of the metabolites and probable damage in the kidney function. Benchmark dose and standard limits should be proposed for such occupations in Kano.
The Effect of One Bout of Intensive Judo Exercise on Select Hematological and Immunological Parameters in Adolescent Elite Judo Athletes

Background: Exercise-related studies do not agree on changes in blood parameters regarding anemia and serum immunoglobulin concentration as adaptive immunity. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate exercise-induced variations in hematological and immunological parameters in response to one bout of intensive judo exercise in adolescent elite judoka. Methods: Venipuncture was performed on ten adolescent male Iranian elite judoka (age: 15.60 ± 0.69 years; body mass index: 24.15 ± 2.80 kg/m2) before and immediately after one bout of intensive judo protocol. Erythrocyte variables [red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red distribution width (RDW), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)], platelets variables [platelet count (PLT), platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT)], cellular immune variables [white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (NEU), lymphocyte (LYM)], and humoral immune variables (IgM, IgA, IgG, IgE) were measured. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon and paired-samples t-test, and P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: After the plasma volume was corrected using the Dill and Costill equation, the results showed that RBC, HGB, HCT, MCHC, IgA, and IgM decreased significantly immediately after exercise. However, MCH, RDW, PLT, PDW, MPV, PCT, WBC, LYM, NEU, IgG, and IgE did not change significantly. Conclusions: According to the findings, it can be concluded that intensive judo exercise results in transient anemia and suppression of humoral immune response among adolescent elite judoka.
The Role of Behavior in Temperature Acclimation and Tolerance in Ectotherms

synopsis. A review of field and laboratory investigations suggests that many ectothermic vertebrates can exploit the spatiotemporal distribution of environmental temperatures to maximize energy utilization and to enhance survivability. Diel and seasonal cycles in ther? mal preference, acclimation rate, thermal tolerance and heat-hardening may well be adapted to temporal variations in environmental temperature. In addition, many ec? totherms behaviorally exploit thermal heterogeneity in the environment. Such behavioral adaptations are synergistic with various degrees of physiological regulation. Voluntary brief exposures to temperatures that would be lethal upon prolonged exposure can result in heat-hardening. Heat-hardening, distinct from acclimation to high temperature, is a short-term increase in thermal tolerance while tolerance acclimation is a longer lasting response within normal ranges of environmental temperatures; both are reversible nongenetic responses. The physiological and ecological significance of behaviorally mediated heat-hardening may be greater than previously realized and suggest new approaches for future study.
State involvement in cryptocurrencies. A potential world money?

Abstract This article is about the role that states play in the research and development of cryptocurrencies and their underlying technology. Some states, for instance China, are about to launch their own state-backed cryptocurrency perhaps due to the potential of this new type of digital money to become world money. To support this argument, Marxist monetary theory is deployed to show that cryptocurrencies could be conceived as potential digital commodity money, a new and incorporeal type of commodity money with intrinsic value but without use value. Lacking a natural form, it could potentially have only a “formal” use value: direct exchangeability with all other commodities. If states manage to actualise this potential by issuing their own cryptocurrencies and making them legal tender money, cryptocurrencies could function as international means of payments and means of hoarding perhaps more efficiently than credit money. In the case of China, this means that this new digital money would have a chance of competing with the US dollar as international reserve currency.
Macrophage reservoirs or how HIV fuels the disease

Evaluation of: Brown A, Zhang H, Lopez P, Pardo CA, Gartner S:In vitro modeling of the HIV-macrophage reservoir. J. Leukoc. Biol. 80, 1127–1135 (2006). The main obstacle to viral eradication in HIV-infected patients is the presence of chronically infected latent reservoir cells, such as macrophages, and latently infected CD4+ T lymphocytes. New in vitro models might be useful to better understand the mechanisms involved in the formation of HIV reservoirs. In the above report, Brown and colleagues present evidence that macrophages represent a heterologous population of mononuclear phagocytes based on distinct profiles of viral replication, allowing in vitro modeling of the HIV-macrophage reservoir.
Students’ Reading Comprehension: Between the Effectiveness of Interactive Approach, Reading Habit and Self-Actualization

--This study attempts to identify the effectiveness of conducting an interactive approach in improving the students' comprehension in reading instruction viewed from students’ self-actualization and reading habit. The study was conducted at IAIN Kediri.The researcher used a treatment by applying interactive approach to the experimental class, while on the other hand grammar translation method is for the control class. Questionaires on students’ self actualization and reading habit were shared to 2 classes of Intensive Reading course. After applying the statistical computation, it can be concluded that the difference between the two means of scores is significant. After correlating post-test score and self-actualization score, the result shows that the better reading ability, the higher self-actualization of the students, this also occur for the correlation of reading comprehension and students’ reading habit.
Evaluating the availability of facilities in the elderly park in terms of environmental sustainability

Bandung City has many thematic parks spread across several districts. One of them is Taman Lansia (Elderly Garden). Although according to Bandung City Government that parks are intended for all age groups, there should be a target for visitors based on different age groups in each park based on the theme. The elderly has physical and psychological limitations that cause the elderly age have special needs that are different from the productive and pre-productive age communities, so special facilities are needed for the elderly in Bandung. Based on observation, existing facilities in Taman Lansia had not been able to cover the elderly needs. So that, the purpose of the study was identifying visitor characteristics and analyzing the facilities needed at Taman Lansia according to the elderly characteristics. The data collection methods were getting observation and interviews. The variables must fulfill criteria for facility that the elderly needs, such as accessibility, security, and convenience. The analysis methods were descriptive analysis. This study indicated that Taman Lansia visitors were dominated by elderly residents. There were several types of facilities that have not been provided in accordance with the characteristics of the elderly such as ramp handrails. The available facilities did not consider the characteristics and needs of the elderly.
Special Feature: The Use of Urban Gradients in Ecological Studies

A novel process for preparing 4-hydroxy-3-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolylcarbamoyl)-2-methyl-2H-1,2-benzothia zine 1,1-dioxide (I), starting with 3-amino-5-methylisoxazole (II) is disclosed. Compound I exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and is useful for treating inflammation. In the process of the invention an intermediate obtained, 2,3-dihydro-N-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-3-oxo-1,2-benzisothiazole-2-acet amide 1,1-dioxide (IV) undergoes rearrangement to provide 1-{[5-(4-hydroxy-2H-1,2-benzothiazin-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl }ethanone S,S-dioxide (V), which is methylated, according to conventional procedures. The methylated intermediates VI, upon further treatment, undergoes a second rearrangement to obtain the desired anti-inflammatory compound I.
Cobalt Thiolates with Organic N,N,S-Tridentate Ligand: Conversion of Thiolate Complex to Sulfinate Complex via Sulfenate

Mononuclear cobalt(III) complex with 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol (Hapaet), [Co(apaet)2]ClO4 (1) and the sulfinate complex, [Co(apaetO2)2]ClO4 (2) were synthesized and characterized by measurements of the elemental analysis, infrared and electronic spectra (UV-vis-NIR), and temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibilities (4.5—300 K), and DFT calculations. X-Ray crystal structure analysis of 1 and 2 revealed an octahedral CoS2N4 or Co(SO2)2N4 chromophore with meridional chelation of two apaet− or apaetO2 −. Conversion of 1 to the sulfinate complex 2 via the sulfenate complex was investigated by UV-vis spectra. Oxidation reaction of capsanthin with 1 was also examined.
Quantum dot light-emitting diodes as light sources in photomedicine: photodynamic therapy and photobiomodulation

Widespread clinical adoption of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photobiomodulation (PBM) has been limited due to the lack of a suitable commercial light source. Cost-effective quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) promise to be an ideal light source nicely fitting into this niche, not only complying with desired form factors—flexibility, lightweight, and uniform large area illumination—but with narrow emission spectrum and high power density at clinically relevant deep red wavelengths. This paper is intended to provide a review on the development of QLEDs as a photomedical light source, specifically, for PDT and PBM. First, we introduce the potential of QLEDs as light sources in the photomedical field, briefly describe the mechanisms and benefits of both PDT and PBM phototherapies, and present the unique features of flexible QLEDs (FQLEDs) over conventional and commercial light sources. Then, the pioneering work and state-of-the-art research using QLEDs and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) for photomedicine are presented. The performance of QLEDs/OLEDs used in photomedical studies and latest progress on QLEDs are also summarized. Ultimately, we discuss the materials and design strategies for fabrication of efficient and stable FQLEDs, and present the basic requirements for near future introduction of FQLEDs into the healthcare and photomedicine markets. This review is expected to be comprehensive and useful to the scientific community interested in developing lightweight and flexible light sources for photomedicine and/or exploring novel applications for OLED/QLED based lighting devices.
Daisaku Ikeda's Philosophical Dialogues on Education.

Daisaku Ikeda’s humanism (1928-) has made profound global impacts on education and human lives. However, there is little research on analyzing his philosophical dialogues with global scholars. To explore what roles educators play and what value educators can create based on Ikeda’s philosophical dialogues on education with scholars across disciplines, the author uses a theme-based approach to code educational issues derived from the dialogues. The majority of the themes highlight the importance of humanity in education. By knowing the roles that educators can fulfill and the values that they can create, the themes identified in Ikeda’s philosophical dialogues provide groundwork for the development of humanistic education and can serve as concrete ways to help educators enhance their educational practices in K-12 schools as well as in higher education.