Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review: Use of Qualitative Methods in Published Health Services and Management Research: A 10-Year Review

Over the past 10 years, the field of health services and management research has seen renewed interest in the use of qualitative research methods. This article examines the volume and characteristics of qualitative research articles published in nine major health services and management journals between 1998 and 2008. Qualitative research articles comprise 9% of research articles published in these journals. Although the publication rate of qualitative research articles has not kept pace with that of quantitative research articles, citation analysis suggests that qualitative research articles contribute comparably to the field’s knowledge base. A wide range of policy and management topics has been examined using qualitative methods. Case study designs, interviews, and documentary sources were the most frequently used methods. Half of qualitative research articles provided little or no detail about key aspects the study’s methods. Implications are discussed and recommendations are offered for promoting the publication of qualitative research.
Mapping the double‐strand breaks at the mating‐type locus in fission yeast by genomic sequencing.

In fission yeast mating‐type switching is initiated by the formation of a double‐strand DNA break at the mating‐type locus. A prerequisite for generation of the break is some ‘imprinting’ of the DNA in the previous cell cycle. We have used the technique of genomic sequencing to map the position of the break directly on chromosomal DNA cleaved in vivo. On one strand the break is situated very close to the right‐hand border of the expressed mat1 cassette. Cells of opposite mating type, P and M, have their breaks at slightly different positions on this strand. On the other DNA strand of both alleles the ends are probably masked by tightly bound proteins and therefore the precise nature of the break could not be determined. Since the break is stable throughout the cell cycle, these proteins may function in vivo to confer structural stability on the chromosomes having the break. The implications of these findings for models of mating‐type switching are discussed.
Measuring employee readiness for knowledge management using intention to be involved with KM SECI processes

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the concept of knowledge management (KM) readiness using intention to be involved in the KM processes concept. These processes comprised of socialisation, externalisation, combination, and internalisation (SECI processes). The research also attempts to measure and validate the concept using data collected from the Sri Lankan telecommunication industry.Design/methodology/approach – Based on the established KM SECI process measures adopted and adapted, instruments were administered using a survey research methodology approach on 313 executives working in the selected organizations in the Sri Lankan telecommunication industry. A confirmatory factor analysis technique was performed to verify and validate the measurement model of the intention to be involved in KM processes model. Based on the revised measurement model, the level of intention to be involved in the KM SECI processes within the industry was then reported.Findings – The research finding provid.
Post‐translational modifications, but not transcriptional regulation, of major chloroplast RNA‐binding proteins are related to Arabidopsis seedling development

Chloroplast RNA‐binding proteins are involved in stabilizing stored chloroplast mRNAs and in recruiting site‐specific factors that mediate RNA metabolism. In the present study, we characterized two major chloroplast RNA‐binding proteins, cp29A and cp29B, by MALDI‐TOF MS, N‐terminal sequencing, and ESI‐MS/MS following 2D‐PAGE separation. Polypeptides derived from cp29A were recovered with free N‐terminus or with N‐terminal acetylation. In addition to the two isoforms found for cp29A, an isoform derived from cp29B was also observed to have five amino acids cleaved from its N‐terminus. Results of quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR indicate that both genes reached maximal rates of transcription 96 h after commencement of germination and maintained relatively high levels throughout the whole life cycle. Transcription of cp29A and cp29B did not vary significantly under light or dark conditions, although production of the acetylated and N‐terminally cleaved protein isoforms exhibited light dependence. Exposure of etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings to light conditions for as short as 9 h restored the modified isoforms to levels similar to those found in green plants. Identification of post‐translational modifications in major chloroplast RNA‐binding proteins may help elucidate their roles in seedling development and in plant RNA stabilization during the greening process.
Ionic permeability of, and divalent cation effects on, two ATP‐gated cation channels (P2X receptors) expressed in mammalian cells.

1. Complementary DNAs for the ATP‐gated ion channel subunits P2X1 (from human bladder) and P2X2 (from rat phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells) were used to express the receptors in human embryonic kidney cells by stable transfection, and in Chinese hamster ovary cells by viral infection. 2. Membrane currents evoked by ATP were recorded by the whole‐cell patch clamp method. The reversal potential of the current was measured with various intracellular and extracellular solutions and used to compute the relative permeability of the P2X receptor channels. 3. There was no difference between the two receptors with respect to their permeability to monovalent organic cations. The relative permeabilities (PX/PNa) were 2.3, 1.0, 1.0, 0.95, 0.72, 0.5, 0.29, 0.16, 0.04 and 0.03 for guanidinium, potassium, sodium, methylamine, caesium, dimethylamine, 2‐methylethanolamine, tris(hydroxymethyl)‐aminomethane, tetraethylammonium and N‐methyl‐D‐glucamine, respectively (values for P2X2 receptor). 4. The calcium permeability of P2X1 receptors was greater than that of P2X2 receptors. Under biionic conditions (112 mM calcium outside, 154 mM sodium inside), PCa/PNa values were 3.9 and 2.2, respectively (corrected for ionic activities). 5. ATP‐evoked currents in cells expressing the P2X2 receptor were strongly inhibited when the extracellular calcium concentration was increased (0.3‐30 mM); the action of ATP could be restored by increasing the ATP concentration. ATP‐evoked currents in cells expressing the P2X1 receptor were not inhibited by such increases in the extracellular calcium concentration.
SMAA-2: Stochastic Multicriteria Acceptability Analysis for Group Decision Making

Stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis (SMAA) is a multicriteria decision support method for multiple decision makers in discrete problems. In SMAA, the decision makers need not express their preferences explicitly or implicitly. Instead, the method is based on exploring the weight space in order to describe the valuations that would make each alternative the preferred one. Inaccurate or uncertain criteria values are represented by probability distributions from which the method computes confidence factors describing the reliability of the analysis. In this paper we introduce the SMAA-2 method, which extends the original SMAA by considering all ranks in the analysis. In situations where the "elitistic" SMAA may assess large acceptability only for extreme alternatives without sufficient majority support, the more holistic SMAA-2 analysis can be used to identify good compromise candidates. The results are presented graphically. We consider also situations where partial preference information is available. We demonstrate the new method using a real-life decision problem.
NADPH Oxidase Inhibits the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Antigen produced by NADPH oxidase–dependent neutrophil extracellular traps is not required to drive disease pathology. Casting a Wider NET for Lupus Autoantigen Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system attacks its own healthy tissue. Patients with SLE may have inflammation in a broad range of organs, including skin, joints, kidneys, and brain. There is no cure for SLE, and the source of the underlying antigens targeted by the immune system—autoantigens—remains unknown. Recent studies have suggested that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which release nucleic acids outside the cell, are one potential source for autoantigen in SLE. Now, Campbell et al. test the contribution of NETs in vivo in a mouse model of SLE. NET release relies on the expression of NADPH oxidase (Nox2). If NETs were required for SLE pathology, mice prone to lupus that lack Nox2 should not develop disease. Instead, the authors found that such mice actually had exacerbated lupus-related symptoms. Indeed, failure of Nox2-mediated cell death may stimulate lupus development. These results are consistent with studies that link Nox2 deficiency to lupus symptoms in humans. Although the complete mechanism leading to lupus exacerbation must still be elucidated, this study suggests that SLE is not nothing but NET. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by loss of tolerance to self nucleic acids. The source of autoantigen that drives disease onset and progression is unclear. A candidate source of autoantigen is the neutrophil extracellular trap (NET), which releases nucleic acids into the extracellular environment, generating a structure composed of DNA coated with antimicrobial proteins. On the basis of in vitro and patient correlative studies, several groups have suggested that NETs may provide lupus autoantigens. The observation that NET release (NETosis) relies on activity of the phagocyte NADPH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase (Nox2) in neutrophils of both humans and mice provided a genetic strategy to test this hypothesis in vivo. Therefore, we crossed an X-linked nox2 null allele onto the lupus-prone MRL.Faslpr genetic background and assessed immune activation, autoantibody generation, and SLE pathology. Counter to the prevailing hypothesis, Nox2-deficient lupus-prone mice had markedly exacerbated lupus, including increased spleen weight, increased renal disease, and elevated and altered autoantibody profiles. Moreover, heterozygous female mice, which have Nox2 deficiency in 50% of neutrophils, also had exacerbated lupus and altered autoantibody patterns, suggesting that failure to undergo normal Nox2-dependent cell death may result in release of immunogenic self-constituents that stimulate lupus. Our results indicate that NETosis does not contribute to SLE in vivo; instead, Nox2 acts to inhibit disease pathogenesis, making this enzyme an important target for further study and a candidate for therapeutic intervention.
Citizen Adoption of E-Government Services: Exploring Citizen Perceptions of Online Services in the US and UK

This study presents a cross-national examination of e-government adoption in the United Kingdom and the United States. The results of partial least squares analysis indicate that disposition to trust is positively related to internet trust and government trust. Perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness have a significant impact on intention to use. Internet trust has a positive effect on intention to use. We conclude by highlighting cultural differences in e-government adoption.
Postcycling LRS Retention Analysis in HfO2/Hf RRAM 1T1R Device

Low resistance state (LRS) retention after 10<sup>4</sup> and 10<sup>6</sup> pulse cycles is compared to the uncycled LRS retention, based on the (40 × 40 nm)- HfO<sub>2</sub>/Hf bipolar RRAM devices in a 1T1R configuration. The LRS retention after 10<sup>4</sup> pulse cycles does not show degradation, while a larger failure bit tail is seen after 10<sup>6</sup> pulse cycles. The larger failure bit tail is found strongly related to the degradation of the cycled LRS state. From the LRS current fitting with a quantum point contact model, it is found that the total number of oxygen vacancies (V<sub>ox</sub>) in the filament decreases after 10<sup>6</sup> cycles, leaving a narrower switching constriction. The narrower switching constriction therefore suffers more from the self-diffusion of the (V<sub>ox</sub>)'s from the filament into HfO<sub>2</sub> bulk, and results in degradation of the LRS retention.
Twelve‐month prevalence, comorbidity and correlates of mental disorders in Germany: the Mental Health Module of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1‐MH)

This paper provides up to date prevalence estimates of mental disorders in Germany derived from a national survey (German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults, Mental Health Module [DEGS1‐MH]). A nationally representative sample (N = 5318) of the adult (18–79) population was examined by clinically trained interviewers with a modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (DEGS‐CIDI) to assess symptoms, syndromes and diagnoses according to DSM‐IV‐TR (25 diagnoses covered). Of the participants 27.7% met criteria for at least one mental disorder during the past 12 months, among them 44% with more than one disorder and 22% with three or more diagnoses. Most frequent were anxiety (15.3%), mood (9.3%) and substance use disorders (5.7%). Overall rates for mental disorders were substantially higher in women (33% versus 22% in men), younger age group (18–34: 37% versus 20% in age group 65–79), when living without a partner (37% versus 26% with partnership) or with low (38%) versus high socio‐economic status (22%). High degree of urbanization (> 500,000 inhabitants versus < 20,000) was associated with elevated rates of psychotic (5.2% versus 2.5%) and mood disorders (13.9% versus 7.8%). The findings confirm that almost one third of the general population is affected by mental disorders and inform about subsets in the population who are particularly affected. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A knowledge based approach for long answer evaluation

In this paper, an approach on long answer evaluation using lexical and semantic similarity measure has been presented. The goal of this work is to introduce a system which programmatically evaluates the long answers from the examinee and hence reduce the time and effort of human intervention as well as make the evaluation procedure impartial to the entire user. In this work, first the user answers (examinee answer) are matched with standard answers (examiner answer) using lexical similarity measure. In testing phase, five sets of question-answers have been considered where each set contains a single question from a subject domain and its five different answers. The system resolute an acceptable accuracy according to human decision. In the next phase of the work, both the answers have been compared using semantic similarity measure. In this phase, the synonymous words of the keywords from both the answers are retrieved from the semantic dictionary-WordNet to increase the needful and relevant overlap between the answers. Applying this semantic similarity measuring technique on the same question-answer sets, the accuracy of evaluation has been increased which is validated by an expert.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PRENATAL CARE IN A LOW INCOME POPULATION : A PANEL DATA APPROACH

This paper analyzes the impact of prenatal care on the likelihood of low birth weight and prematurity using panel data on births taking place between 1995 and 2008 in the largest maternity ward in Uruguay. The use of difference-Generalized Method of Moments estimation addresses biases due to time invariant unobserved heterogeneity and feedback effects from prior pregnancies. Our estimates are larger than those usually found for developed countries: an adequate use of prenatal care as defined by the Kessner criterion decreases the probability of low birth weight by half and the likelihood of a pre-term birth by 70%. Even when imposing less stringent requirements on the total number of prenatal controls, the improvements over birth outcomes are considerable. In addition to indicating the crucial role of prenatal care in the birth outcomes of low-income populations, our analysis highlights the importance of using econometric techniques that use the full distribution of pregnancies to estimate the effectiveness of prenatal care.
Toward integrated single-photon-counting microarrays

Silicon, shallow junction, Geiger-mode avalanche photo- diodes (APDs) can be manufactured with complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible processing steps and provide single- photon-counting sensitivity. As we move toward providing integrated de- tection of increasingly nanoscopic-sized emissions, small-area detectors and arrays that can be easily integrated into marketable systems will be required. Geiger-mode diodes with diameters of 10, 15, and 20 mm are manufactured and the dark counts measured at 10 V above breakdown are 9, 95, and 990, respectively, at room temperature. The simulated and measured optical crosstalk is found to be significantly reduced for detec- tor pixel pitches beyond 300 mm. The activation energy of the dark count with temperature is found to be 0.58 eV, representing an order of mag- nitude drop in dark count for every 27°C decrease in temperature. The responsivity of the detectors, without antireflection coatings, is found to peak between 550 and 650 nm with a photon detection probability of 43% at 10 V above the breakdown voltage. The low dark counts of the detectors and high photon detection probability highlight the potential these detectors have for fluorescence decay experiments and also in future integrated photonic detection systems. © 2003 Society of Photo-Optical
Identification of Endogenous Glucocorticoid Repressed Genes Differentially Regulated by a Glucocorticoid Receptor Mutant Able to Separate between Nuclear Factor-κB and Activator Protein-1 Repression

Glucocorticoids are commonly used in the clinic, but long-term treatment is often associated with severe side effects. One way to reduce unwanted effects is to restrict glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling through defined pathways. In this study, we examine endogenous target genes regulated by a GR mutant that in contrast to the wild-type GR is unable to repress stimulated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity, whereas repression of activator protein-1 (AP-1) activity is maintained. This GR mutant (GRR488Q) harbors a point mutation in the second zinc finger of the DNA binding domain. Its ability to distinguish between NF-κB and AP-1 repression is defined using reporter genes regulated by both simple and natural promoters. The inability of GRR488Q to repress NF-κB was not related to its inability to activate target genes through a glucocorticoid response element. Furthermore, the discriminating property was observed in three different cell lines, suggesting that this is not a cell-specific effect. These results show that different receptor surfaces or mechanisms are involved in repression of NF-κB and AP-1, respectively. It is interesting that the GRR488Q still interacted physically with NF-κB. Gene expression profiling of human embryonic kidney 293 cells, which express the wild-type GR and the GRR488Q mutant allowed identification of endogenous genes preferentially repressed by GR interference with NF-κB activity. The genes differentially regulated by GRR488Q mutant versus the wild-type GR after 2 h of treatment seem mainly to be involved in control of transcription and cell growth. At 8 h, no such distinction could be seen.
Prevention Education Effects on Fundamental Memory Processes

This study evaluated effects of a key session from a nationally recognized drug abuse prevention program on basic memory processes in 211 high-risk youth in Southern California. In a randomized, between-subject design, the authors manipulated assignment to a Myth and Denial program session and the time of assessment (immediate vs. 1-week delay). The authors examined program decay effects on memory accessibility and judgment errors. Those participants exposed to the program session generated more myths and facts from the program than those in the control group, suggesting that even a single program session influenced students’ memory for program information and this was retained at least 1 week and detectable with indirect tests of memory accessibility. However, consistent with basic research perspectives, participants in the program-delayed assessment group erroneously generated more fact-related information from the session to the prompt “It is a myth that_____” than the participants in the program immediate assessment group; that is, they retained more facts as myths. These types of program effects, anticipated by basic memory theory, were not detected with a traditional judgment task in the present sample. The results suggest that basic science approaches offer a novel way of conceptually recasting prevention effects to more completely understand how these effects may operate. Implications for program evaluation and conceptualization are discussed.
Individual and societal effects of mental disorders on earnings in the United States: results from the national comorbidity survey replication.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this report was to update previous estimates of the association between mental disorders and earnings. Current estimates for 2002 are based on data from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). METHOD The NCS-R is a nationally representative survey of the U.S. household population that was administered from 2001 to 2003. Following the same basic approach as prior studies, with some modifications to improve model fitting, the authors predicted personal earnings in the 12 months before interview from information about 12-month and lifetime DSM-IV mental disorders among respondents ages 18-64, controlling for sociodemographic variables and substance use disorders. The authors used conventional demographic rate standardization methods to distinguish predictive effects of mental disorders on amount earned by persons with earnings from predictive effects on probability of having any earnings. RESULTS A DSM-IV serious mental illness in the preceding 12 months significantly predicted reduced earnings. Other 12-month and lifetime DSM-IV/CIDI mental disorders did not. Respondents with serious mental illness had 12-month earnings averaging $16,306 less than other respondents with the same values for control variables ($26,435 among men, $9,302 among women), for a societal-level total of $193.2 billion. Of this total, 75.4% was due to reduced earnings among mentally ill persons with any earnings (79.6% men, 69.6% women). The remaining 24.6% was due to reduced probability of having any earnings. CONCLUSIONS These results add to a growing body of evidence that mental disorders are associated with substantial societal-level impairments that should be taken into consideration when making decisions about the allocation of treatment and research resources.
Agile and robust attitude control system for VSOP-2 satellite “ASTRO-G”

ASTRO-G will be launched for VSOP (VLBI Space Observatory Program)-2. In the ASTRO-G mission, attitude control system is required to have both robustness to modeling error and high performance of response. In the current strategy, feedforward control is mainly applied to ASTRO-G control system. Feedback control is, however, desirable because it can have robustness against unexpected disturbance. In this paper, we studied whether feedback control is applicable for ASTRO-G control system. First, 2DOF (degree-of-freedom) control with Halpha controller and reference called "NME (nil-mode-exciting) profiler" was applied to ASTRO-G attitude control system. Then, reference which was made by convolving NME profiler and Input shaping was proposed. The simulation results show both the effectiveness of 2 DOF control system with proposed reference, and applicability of feedback control.