Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cardiac surgery considerations and lessons learned during the COVID‐19 pandemic

The COVID‐19 pandemic has transformed cardiac surgical practices. Limitations in intensive care resources and personal protective equipment have required many practices throughout the globe to pause elective operations and now slowly resume operations. However, much of cardiac surgery is not elective and patients continue to require surgery on an urgent or emergent basis during the pandemic. This continued need for providing surgical services has introduced several unique considerations ranging from how to prioritize surgery, how to ensure safety for cardiac surgical teams, and how best to resume elective operations to ensure the safety of patients. Additionally, the COVID‐19 pandemic has required a careful analysis of how best to carry out heart transplantation, extra‐corporeal membrane oxygenation, and congenital heart surgery. In this review, we present the many areas of multidisciplinary consideration, and the lessons learned that have allowed us to carry out cardiac surgery with excellence during the COVID‐19 pandemic. As various states experience plateaus, declines, and rises in COVID‐19 cases, these considerations are particularly important for cardiac surgical programs throughout the globe.
Dynamic Frequency Reuse Based on Improved Tabu Search in Multi-User Visible Light Communication Networks

The visible light communication (VLC) system using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is able to achieve a higher transmission rate compared with the traditional radio frequency network. However, the throughput and average spectral efficiency (ASE) of the system may decrease due to the inter-cell interference and the inter-user interference, particularly for the indoor environment, where the LEDs are densely deployed in the case of multiple users. To suppress such interference, we introduce innovatively the improved tabu search (TS) algorithm into the frequency reuse in the multi-user VLC networks. We propose a bidirectional double tabu list strategy to avoid getting trapped in the situation of the local optimum. In addition, we design the evaluation function and aspiration criterion of the algorithm. We employ the improved TS algorithm to find the optical dynamic frequency reuse scheme by combining the interference graph. The interference graph is used to determine the interference relationships and to construct the solutions to the algorithm. The simulation results show that our proposed scheme effectively improves the throughput and the ASE of the system without lowering the fairness performance, especially in the scenario of numerous users.
Factors Influencing Filament Length of Methanospirillum hungatii

SUMMARY: Cultivation of Methanospirillum hungatii GP1 at 35°C in low PO4 3- (3·0 mm) medium resulted in growth as motile curved rods (6 to 8 × 0·5 μm). However, predominantly long filaments averaging 70 to 300 μm were observed in the presence of high concentrations of PO4 3- (43·7 mm) or Na+ (225 mm) or after incubation at 25°C in low PO4 3- medium. These conditions also resulted in decreased growth rates. Tests with cell-free extracts of long and short form filaments indicated that long filament formation is probably related to a deficiency in heat-labile factor(s) required for cell separation.
Effects of qualitative dietary restriction on performance, carcass characteristics, white blood cell count and humoral immune response of broiler chicks.

1 Abstract: Three hundred and twenty unsexed Ross 308 broiler chicks were distributed between 16 battery pens and each of four experimental dietary treatments were assigned to 4 pens (n=20) to evaluate the effect of dietary energy and protein restriction during early growing period on performance of broiler chicks. In order to formulate restricted diets, 100, 200 and 300 g/kg ground wood charcoal (WC) were added to the basal control diet which formulated based on NRC, 1994 and included 0 g/kg WC. The results indicated that diet restriction decreased BW of chicks as comparing to BW of chicks fed control diet on days 15, 21 and 42 of age (P 0.05) but there was no significant different between BW of chicks fed control and 10% restricted diet on days 15, 21 and 49. On days 9-15 of age, chicks fed restricted diets did have deceased FI comparing to chicks fed on control diet; however, the difference between control and 10% restricted groups was not significant. There was no significant difference in the overall FCR (9-49 d) between chicks fed the restricted and non-restricted control diet, except for chicks fed on 20% restricted diet that had the highest FCR during the experiment. It was concluded that dietary inclusion of WC up to 10% to restrict broiler diets would not have deleterious effect on performance of broiler chicks with no adverse effect on Ab response against NDV and visceral and carcass measurements.
Metabolism of triallate in Sprague-Dawley rats. 1. Material balance, tissue distribution, and elimination kinetics

Triallate isotopically labeled with 14C and 13C in the C-1 allylic carbon position was administered orally to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats at dose levels of 5 and 500 mg/kg of body weight. Most of the dose was rapidly eliminated within 72 h after administration, and dose recoveries averaged 92% and 96 % for the low-dose and high-dose animals, respectively. Approximately 42-52% of the dose was excreted via the urine and 33-46% via the feces. Expired 14CO2 accounted for approximately 4% of the dose, while the residual carcass at sacrifice contained approximately 2%. Radioactivity in blood was associated principally with hemoglobin. Kinetics for whole-body elimination of radioactivity were consistent with a two-compartment open model. The half-life of the a phase varied from 5.9 to 22.8 h, and that of the beta phase from 171 to 265 h.
Detection of Weed Species in Soybean Using Multispectral Digital Images1

The objective of this research was to assess the accuracy of remote sensing for detecting weed species in soybean based on two primary criteria: the presence or absence of weeds and the identification of individual weed species. Treatments included weeds (giant foxtail and velvetleaf) grown in monoculture or interseeded with soybean, bare ground, and weed-free soybean. Aerial multispectral digital images were collected at or near soybean canopy closure from two field sites in 2001. Weedy pixels (1.3 m2) were separated from weed-free soybean and bare ground with no more than 11% error, depending on the site. However, the classification of weed species varied between sites. At one site, velvetleaf and giant foxtail were classified with no more than 17% error, when monoculture and interseeded plots were combined. However, classification errors were as high as 39% for velvetleaf and 17% for giant foxtail at the other site. Our results support the idea that remote sensing has potential for weed detection in soybean, particularly when weed management systems do not require differentiation among weed species. Additional research is needed to characterize the effect of weed density or cover and crop–weed phenology on classification accuracies. Nomenclature: Sethoxydim; giant foxtail, Setaria faberi Herrm. #3 SETFA; velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medicus # ABUTH; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Asgrow 2733’. Additional index words: Precision farming, site-specific agriculture, weed maps. Abbreviations: ACRE, Agronomy Center for Research and Education; DPAC, Davis-Purdue Agricultural Research Center; FLL, Fisher linear likelihood; MED, minimum Euclidian distance; SAM, spectral angle mapper; SSWM, site-specific weed management.
Atmospheric CO2 enrichment markedly increases photosynthesis and growth in a woody tropical bamboo from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Bamboo is one of the most easily available resources found in forests. Due to their long periods of vegetative growth and rapid biomass gains, bamboo species could show a significant potential for responding to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an increased CO2 concentration on selected physiological and biochemical parameters of the bamboo Aulonemia aristulata. After 7 weeks, plants grown under an elevated CO2 concentration showed an increase of 77% in photosynthesis, 56% in tillering, 104% in leaf area, 92% in height and 91% in total biomass. These plants also had a lower stomatal conductance (−40%) and higher water use efficiency (62%). Physiological responses such as adjustment in the photosynthetic rates, carbon gain and water relations shown by A. aristulata in response to increased CO2 concentration could promote a higher dominance of this bamboo species in a global change scenario. This dominance could affect the species composition, structure and function of tropical forests.
Non-genomic effect of ovarian steroids on oxytocin-stimulated prostaglandin [PG] F2alpha and E2 secretion from bovine endometrial cells

The aim of the study was to establish the effect of the ovarian steroids: 17β-oestradiol (E2) and testosterone (T4) on OT-stimulated PGF2α and PGE2 secretion by bovine endometrial cells. The epithelial endometrial cells from days 14-18 of the oestrous cycle (10 5 /ml) were incubated in DMEM/Ham’s F12 with 10% FCS (38°C, atmosphere of air and 5% CO2) for 72-96 h and the last 24 h in DMEM/Ham’s F12 with 0.1% BSA. In Exp.1, the doses of steroids used to study their effect on the secretion of PGF2α and PGE2 from endometrial cells stimulated by OT were determined. In Exp.2, the cells were pre-incubated for 30 min with selected doses of steroids: P4 (10 -5 M), T4 (10 -5 M), and E2 (10 -8 M) and next for 4 d with: arachidonic acid (AA; 10 -5 M), OT (10 -7 M) and OT with each of these steroids. The concentration of PGE2 and PGFM -metabolite of PGF2α was determined by EIA. P4, T4, and E2 did not affect (P>0.05) the basal secretion of PGF2α and PGE2, but all the steroids inhibited (P 0.05). This data suggests that different cellular mechanisms exist for steroids affecting the secretion of both prostaglandins from endometrial cells. Moreover, we suggest that non-genomic effect of P4 on bovine endometrial cells is non-specific since the other steroids can impair the effect of OT on these cells. This effect of the steroids can directly modulate function of endometrial cells.
Molecular, biochemical and morphological data suggest an affiliation of Spongiochrysis hawaiiensis with the Trentepohliales (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta)

The aeroterrestrial, unicellular green alga Spongiochrysis hawaiiensis had been included in the ulvophycean order Cladophorales based on small subunit (SSU) rDNA sequence data, and represents so far the only fully terrestrial member of this order. Other characteristics of S. hawaiiensis that are atypical for Cladophorales include the presence of large amounts of carotenoids and a budding‐like mode of cell division. As the position of this terrestrial, unicellular alga in an order of aquatic, multicellular green algae is unusual, we re‐evaluated the phylogenetic relationships of this enigmatic organism based on supplementary SSU rDNA sequences as well as novel large ribosomal subunit (LSU) rDNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS rDNA) sequences. Additionally, we examined several morphological characters of S. hawaiiensis, as well as low molecular weight carbohydrate (LMWC) patterns of S. hawaiiensis and members of the Cladophorales and Trentepohliales as potential chemotaxonomic markers. We found S. hawaiiensis to be uninucleate. The analysis of the LMWC content detected the presence of the polyol erythritol in S. hawaiiensis and in the Trentepohliales, while this compound was missing in the Cladophorales. The phylogenetic analyses of the novel sequences placed S. hawaiiensis in the terrestrial Trentepohliales. This placement is supported by the aeroterrestrial habitat, the presence of large amounts of carotenoids, the uninucleate cells, and the presence of the polyol erythritol as a protective compound against water loss.
In vitro conservation of Ceropegia intermedia - an endemic plant of south India

The purpose of this study was developing in vitro techniques for conserving wild and endemic species of Ceropegia intermedia by axillary shoot multiplication. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 6.66 μM N 6 benzyladenine (BA) was best for axillary bud proliferation inducing a mean of 5.51 shoots per node. Excision and culture of the nodal segments from the in vitro shoots on fresh medium with same concentration of BA facilitated development of more than 5 shoots per node. Subsequent subculture slightly enhanced up to third subcultures and decreased thereafter. Shoots developed were rooted best on half strength MS with 5.37 μM NAA. Plantlets established in pots exhibited 75% survival. Plantlets were successfully established in field and morphological characters were identical to mother plants.
The α- and β′-COP WD40 Domains Mediate Cargo-selective Interactions with Distinct Di-lysine Motifs

Coatomer is required for the retrieval of proteins from an early Golgi compartment back to the endoplasmic reticulum. The WD40 domain of alpha-COP is required for the recruitment of KKTN-tagged proteins into coatomer-coated vesicles. However, lack of the domain has only minor effects on growth in yeast. Here, we show that the WD40 domain of beta'-COP is required for the recycling of the KTKLL-tagged Golgi protein Emp47p. The protein is degraded more rapidly in cells with a point mutation in the WD40 domain of beta'-COP (sec27-95) or in cells lacking the domain altogether, whereas a point mutation in the Clathrin Heavy Chain Repeat (sec27-1) does not affect the turnover of Emp47p. Lack of the WD40 domain of beta'-COP has only minor effects on growth of yeast cells; however, absence of both WD40 domains of alpha- and beta'-COP is lethal. Two hybrid studies together with our analysis of the maturation of KKTN-tagged invertase and the turnover of Emp47p in alpha- and beta'-COP mutants suggest that the two WD40 domains of alpha- and beta'-COP bind distinct but overlapping sets of di-lysine signals and hence both contribute to recycling of proteins with di-lysine signals.
Ephemerides EPM2008: the updated model, constants, data

The EPM ephemerides of IAA RAS originated in seventies of the last century and have been developed since that time. The renovation of the planet part of the EPM ephemerides includes the constants, model, observation data. Recent years of high-precision data of spacecraft have yielded significant improvements of a whole set of constants for planet ephemerides. Masses of planets have been determined by different authors from data of spacecraft orbiting and passing near planets or from observations of satellites of these planets. Other constants like the value of the Astronomical Unit (AU) in meters, masses of the largest asteroids, the ratio of the masses of the Earth and the Moon, etc. have been obtained inside the EPM2008 ephemeris fitting process. The updated model of EPM2008 includes Eris which surpasses Pluto in the mass and the other 20 largest trans-Neptunian objects into a process of the simultaneous numerical integration in addition to other bodies. The simultaneous numerical integration of the equations of motion of the nine major planets, the Sun, 301 biggest asteroids and 21 TNO, the Moon, and the lunar physical libration has performed in the Parameterized Post-Newtonian metric for General Relativity taking into account perturbations due to the solar oblateness and perturbation from the massive ring of small asteroids. Moreover, some tests have been made for estimating influence other TNO on the motion of planets. Their perturbations have been modeled by the perturbation from a circular ring having a radius 43 AU and different masses. The minimum mass of this ring is equal to the mass of 100000 bodies with 100 km in diameter and density is equal 2 g/cm, it is 110 masses of Ceres or 1.5 mass of the Moon. The maximum mass of the ring is expected the minimum mass by 100 times. Influence of the ring is noticeable for more accurate observations — data from spacecraft. The rms residuals and the weight unit errors for these date after fitting standard and test EPM ephemerides are given in Table 2.
Effect Of Net To Gross On Time-Lapse Seismic Response In Campos Basin, Brazil

Quantitative time-lapse studies require precise knowledge of the pressure response of rocks sampled by a seismic wave. Usually this knowledge is obtained from measurements of ultrasonic velocities as a function of pressure. These measurements are typically made on reservoir sandstone samples. However, if the reservoir is composed of sand and shale layers, the response of shales as well as sands has to be taken into account. The pressure response of shales is quite different from that in sand: since shales have very low permeability, an increase of pore pressure in the sand will cause an increase of confining pressure in the intra-reservoir shale. To estimate the effect of intra-reservoir shale on the time-lapse response to depletion or injection, we compute the combined seismic response as a function of net to gross (NTG – sand-shale proportion). This is done by applying Backus average using typical shale and sandstone stress sensitivity for an oil field located in Campos Basin, Brazil. For a typical NTG of 0.6, there is an error of approximately 35% in reflection coefficient estimation if these shales are neglected. Consequently, not considering the small shales intra-reservoir may mislead quantitative 4D studies. We suggest expanding this approach to 3D models in order to incorporate other geomechanical effects.
The effect of walnut rolling training on hand function and corticospinal tract.

Background We investigated the effect of the walnut rolling training for two weeks on the hand function and corticospinal tract (CST) in normal subjects. Methods Seventeen right-handed normal subjects performed walnut rolling training with their non-dominant (left) hand, with the right hand defined as the control side. The walnut rolling training was performed three times daily, for 30 minutes at a time, over two weeks. The Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT), tip pinch and grip strength (GS) were used evaluate the change of hand function, and diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) evaluated change of the CST and transcallosal fibers for the hand motor somatotopy. Results All of the clinical scores in terms of PPT, tip pinch and GS increased significantly in the post-training (PPT: 16.59±1.09, tip pinch: 5.03±2.18, GS: 40.61±10.99) in the left hand compared with pre-training (PPT: 14.94±1.36, tip pinch: 3.66±1.44, GS: 33.58±11.08) (P<0.05). By contrast, the clinical scores for the right hand did not differ significantly between pre- (PPT: 16.25±1.98, tip pinch: 5.75±2.26, GS: 37.58±14.61) and post-training (PPT: 16.97±1.67, tip pinch: 5.66±2.31, GS: 37.82±14.25). The fiber numbers (FN) of the right CST increased significantly in post-training DTT (2,123.05±529.07) compared with pre-training DTT (1,734.73±581.84) (P<0.05), whereas fractional anisotropy (FA) (pre-training: 0.50±0.02, post-training: 0.51±0.01) did not change significantly. Neither FA nor FN of the left CST and transcallosal fibers changed significantly from pre- (FA: 0.44±0.02, FN: 1,871.15±636.36) to post-training DTTs (FA: 0.45±0.03, FN: 1,823.84±701.14). Conclusions We demonstrated improvement of hand function and facilitation of the contralateral CST by walnut rolling training in normal subjects. Our results suggest that walnut rolling training can be used for improvement of hand function and facilitation of the contralateral CST.
Assessing survival rates of Anopheles farauti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Papua New Guinea

(1) A population of Anopheles farauti No. 1 from coastal Papua New Guinea was sampled for thirty-two consecutive nights at the end of both the wet and dry seasons, 1982. In the wet season five trapping methods were used, 1453 females were collected and dissected for gonotrophic age determination. In the dry season 5463 females were collected by two trapping methods and 2521 were dissected. (2) Survival rates per oviposition cycle were estimated by four different methods. One of the methods has not previously been described. The estimates ranged between 0.32-0-64 in the wet season and 0.49-0-73 in the dry season. It was concluded that the actual survival rate per cycle was in the range 0.42-0-49 in both seasons. (3) The merits and drawbacks of each method of analysis are discussed. (4) The oviposition cycle interval was estimated as 2.47 days in the wet and 2.20 days in the dry season. The interval between emergence and first blood-meal was estimated as 4 days. (5) Severe rainstorms affected recruitment in the wet season but not in the dry season.
Functional morphology of the visual system and mating strategies in bumblebees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)

Bumblebee mating behaviour intrigued Darwin over 150 years ago and has elicited much interest since. Despite our increasing knowledge about male mating strategies, we still know little about the signals and cues involved, the sender-receiver relationship and the functional adaptations of the involved sensory systems. Although several authors have noticed a close relationship between the mating system and male-specific elaboration of the visual system, studies on the functional adaptations have yet to be conducted. We investigated the functional morphology of the compound eyes in 11 species of Bombus from various subgenera in detail. Of these, four species (Bombus confusus, Bombus melaleucus, Bombus mendax, Bombus niveatus) have enlarged male eyes, characterized by a higher number of ommatidia compared with worker eyes and a frontal zone with enlarged facets, which is likely to be associated with improved spatial resolution and contrast sensitivity. In these species, perching mating strategies are found. In contrast, males of species that patrol scent routes (Bombus hortorum, Bombus lapidarius, Bombus pascuorum, Bombus pratorum, Bombus soroeensis, Bombus terrestris, Bombus wurflenii) show no distinct eye adaptations, and their eye morphology closely resembles that of the workers. A phylogenetic analysis of male eye structure indicates that enlarged males eyes may have been the ancestral state in Bombus. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London
Biochemistry of uneven ripening in gulabi grape

Physico-chemical changes, organic acids content and activities of enzymes related to softening, glycolytic, gluconeogenic and organic acids metabolism were studied from 70 to 100 days after anthesis in ripening of berries of Gulabi grape. Uneven ripening was observed in 70 day old clusters. The disorder affected 22. 76 and 32.38% of berries in bunches harvested at 90 and 100 days, respectively. Unripe berries had less dry matter, sugars, skin anthocyanins and more seed, fresh weight and acidity compared to ripe berries. Green berries had more malic and less tartaric acid, while brown berries had less malic acid and black berries contained more tartaric acid. Green berries contained more polygalacturonase, cellulase, hexokinase, glucose 6-phosphatase, phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase, pyruvate decarboxylase and polyphenol oxidase activities than ripe fruit. Brown berries contained the highest phosphofructokinase, malate and glutamate dehydrogenase activities, and black berries had the highest activities of pectinesterase, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and malic enzyme. The role of dry matter, malic acid, pectinesterase and certain enzymes of gluconeogenic and organic acids metabolism in uneven ripening is discussed.