Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Environmental and nutritional factors determining seasonal variability in the fecundity and egg viability of Calanus helgolandicus in coastal waters off Plymouth, UK

Fecundity of the copepod Calanus helgolandicus was monitored at a coastal station in the western English Channel during January to September 1994 and varied seasonally from 3 to 33 eggs female-' d-l (mean 17 eggs female-' d-'). Particulate fatty acid levels, particularly in the <20 pm size fraction, were more highly correlated with fecundity than either chl a, particulate carbon or nitrogen. and this reflected the size and species composition of the microplankton. Diatoms, dinoflagellates and ciliates all sustained high fecundity. The mean volume of eggs produced by C. helgolandicus was inversely related to both food availability and fecundity, with increased numbers of smaller eggs produced during per~ods of high food availability. Female C helgolandicus with the highest body nitrogen and carbon produced eggs with the highest carbon and nltrogen contents, although these eggs were also smaller. Hatching viability was consistently high with a seasonal mean of 83% and both viability and the incidence of deformed nauplii were negatively correlated with the carbon and nitrogen content of females and eggs. Hatching viability was not correlated with the abundance of diatoms, but was closely correlated with the levels of 18:2(n-6) and 20:4(n-6) fatty acids in both the environment and in the eggs. Particulate concentrations of the polyunsaturated fatty acids 20:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3), although abundant in the environment and therefore good indicators of food availability, were not correlated with either egg viability or naupliar survival. The levels of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in the eggs were important factors determining naupliar survival under starvation conditions. Although food availability limited fecundity, female recruitment was possibly limited by predation pressure. particularly during the late summer. This study highlights the value of seasonal and nutritional based studies in understanding variability in zooplankton fecundity.
Applied general equilibrium analysis of renewable energy policies

In this paper we develop an applied general equilibrium framework for assessing socio-economic impacts of alternative renewable energy policies and apply it to the bioenergy sector. The policy scenarios are assessed in a comparative static analysis. The numerical simulation results allow us to assess and compare welfare and distributional impacts of alternative renewable energy policies. Our empirical findings suggest that the bioenergy sector in Poland would benefit most from an indirect tax reduction. According to our simulation results, reducing the fossil energy sectors’ subsidies would be the second best policy option.
Various rigorous results on quantum systems with long range magnetic fields

Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain ? You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at vbn@aub.aau. dk providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
Pedigree-based inbreeding coefficient explains more variation in 1 fitness than heterozygosity at 160 microsatellites in a wild bird 2 population 3 Running title : Inbreeding , heterozygosity , and fitness 4

Whereas the pedigree-based inbreeding coefficient F predicts the expected 32 proportion of an individual’s genome that is identical-by-descent (IBD), heterozygosity at 33 genetic markers captures Mendelian sampling variation and thereby provides an estimate of 34 realized IBD. Realized IBD should hence explain more variation in fitness than their 35 pedigree-based expectations, but how many markers are required to achieve this in practice 36 remains poorly understood. We use extensive pedigree and life history data from an island 37 population of song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) to show that the number of genetic markers 38 and pedigree depth affected the explanatory power of heterozygosity and F, respectively, but 39 that heterozygosity measured at 160 microsatellites did not explain more variation in fitness 40 than F. This is in contrast with other studies, that found heterozygosity based on far fewer 41 markers to explain more variation in fitness than F. Thus, the relative performance of marker42 and pedigree-based estimates of IBD depends on the quality of the pedigree, the number, 43 variability and location of the markers employed, and the species-specific recombination 44 landscape, and expectations based on detailed and deep pedigrees remain valuable until we 45 can routinely afford genotyping hundreds of phenotyped wild individuals of genetic non46 model species for thousands of genetic markers. 47
Machinability Study Using Chip Thickness Ratio on Difficult to Cut Metals by CBN Cutting Tool

Machinability is the one of the criteria in determining the life of the cutting tool. In this experiment, hard and difficult to cut materials like hard AISI 440 C stainless steel and hard SCM 440 alloy steels were discussed. However, machinability of the material is considered to be poor due to its inherent characteristics. The machinability studies on AISI 440 C stainless steel and SCM 440 alloy steels had not been carried out by researchers. Machinability indices used in such cases have the characteristics such as cutting force, surface roughness, tool wear etc. In the case of high-speed machining of said materials machinability indices such as chip thickness (RC), shear angle (Ф), surface integrity, and chip analysis are of prime importance. Most of the researchers have not given due consideration to these vital machinability indices necessary for understanding of high-speed cutting of said materials. In this work, an experimental investigation was carried out to understand the behavior of difficult to cut materials, when machined with Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) insert tool. The results and analysis of this work indicated that the above-mentioned machinability indices are important and necessary to assess the machinability of said materials effectively. The operating parameters used were cutting velocity 100, 125, 150, 175 and 200 m/min with feed rate of 0.10, 0.20 and 0.30 mm rev-1 with constant depth of cut of 1.0 mm. The length of turning was 150 mm and 300 mm. Machinability of both materials and tool was evaluated in terms of roughness, flank wear, cutting force, chip thickness ratio and shear angle.
Review on PALF Extraction Machines for Natural Fibers

PALF (pineapple leaf fiber) is one of the abundant sources that have been used for ages to be processed as different end product. The methods to extract the fiber are abounding. However comparisons between the machines are needed to ascertain the better function of machines and whether all natural fibers can be extracted using the same exact machine. Data shown indicates that different types of methods used to extract the fibers and sometimes theoretically worked for certain types of fibers.
Seasonal variation in net carbon exchange and evapotranspiration in a Brazilian rain forest: a modelling analysis

Tropical rain forests account for a significant fraction of global net primary productivity, and are important latent energy (LE) sources, affecting extra-tropical atmospheric circulation. The influence of environmental factors on these fluxes has until recently been poorly understood, largely due to a paucity of data, but in recent years the amount of available data has been increased greatly by use of eddy covariance techniques. In this paper we examine the factors that control daily and seasonal carbon (C) and LE fluxes, by comparing a detailed model of the soil‐plant‐atmosphere continuum against a unique long-term data-set collected using eddy covariance at an undisturbed rain forest site north of Manaus, Brazil. Our initial application of the model was parametrized with simple measurements of canopy structure, and driven with local meteorological data. It made effective predictions of C and LE exchange during the wet season, but dry season predictions were overestimates in both cases. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the best explanation for this behaviour was a seasonal change in soil and root hydraulic resistances ( Rb). An optimization routine was then used to estimate the increase in Rb during the dry season that would be required to explain the reduced dry season fluxes. The local soil, a clay latosol, is typical of much of Amazonia, having very low available water and low hydraulic conductivity. We conclude that an increase in soil‐root hydraulic resistance in the dry season introduces a significant seasonal cycle to carbon and water fluxes from this tropical forest. Furthermore, our model structure appears to be an effective tool for regional and temporal scaling of C and LE fluxes, with primary data requirements being regional and temporal information on meteorology, leaf area index (LAI), foliar N, critical leaf water potentials, and plant and soil hydraulic characteristics.
cy PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS GOF CHLOROPLAST FRAGMENTS

Chloroplasts isolated from spinach leaves were physically fragmented and then fractionated by differential centrifugation. A high-activity fraction, designated CF 2 0 _5 0 , was obtained and retained its high activity regardless of environmental changes. It had a low protein content and a relatively high chlorophyll-to-protein ratio. Plastoquinone was present in high concentration. Extraction of plastoquinone from CF2 0 . 5 0 inhibited Hill activity. Unlike whole chloroplasts, readdition of plastoquinone failed to induce even partial recovery. The average particle size in CF 2 0 . 5 0 was 1500 A diameter. The average sedimentation constant was 800; the molecular weight was about 8 x i07; and it showed three electrophoretic bands. CF 2 0 . 5 0 showed maximal Hill activity, but was not the smallest photoactive unit studied. Although the nature of the smallest functional unit is uncertain, it is clear that a CF 2 0_. 5 0 particle is composed of smaller sub-units probably oriented to impart high activity to the larger composite structure.
CARBON IONIZATION STAGES AS A DIAGNOSTIC OF THE SOLAR WIND

Oxygen charge states measured by in situ instrumentation have long been used as a powerful diagnostic of the solar corona and to discriminate between different solar wind regimes, both because they freeze in very close to the Sun, and because the oxygen element abundance is comparatively high, allowing for statistically relevant measures. Like oxygen, carbon is also rather abundant and freezes in very close to the Sun. Here, we show an analysis of carbon and oxygen ionic charge states. First, through auditory and Fourier analysis of in situ measurements of solar wind ion composition by ACE/SWICS we show that some carbon ion ratios are very sensitive to solar wind type, even more sensitive than the commonly used oxygen ion ratios. Then we study the evolution of the ionization states of carbon and oxygen by means of a freeze-in code, and find that carbon ions, commonly found in the solar wind, freeze in at comparable coronal distances, while oxygen ions evolve over a much larger range of coronal distances. Finally, we show that carbon and oxygen ion abundance ratios have similar sensitivity to the electron plasma temperature, but the carbon ratios are more robust against atomic physics uncertainties and a better indicator of the temperature of the solar wind source regions.
Hospital infections and postdischarge surveillance in selected vascular surgery procedures

Background. Nosocomial infections are an unwanted complication present in almost every hospital. Among patients of highly specialized departments, including vascular surgery wards, the most prevalent form of clinical infection are Surgical Site Infections (SSIs). SSIs significantly extend the patient's stay in the hospital, increase costs and above all can be the direct cause of death after vascular procedures. Material and methods. This paper presents the results of studies on infection epidemiology in vascular surgery in the years 2002-2006 (9,573 surgical procedures) as well as a targeted study which included 413 patients of two highly specialized wards in the year 2005. The registration of infections was based on definitions formulated on the basis of CDC guidelines, and included postdischarge cases. Results. Within the Active Surveillance System, 207 cases of SSI have been identified (incidence 2.2%) and 99 cases of hospital acquired pneumonia (incidence 1.0%); other forms of infection accounted for 21 cases. The overall incidence among patients undergoing surgical procedures (vascular surgery) was 3.4%. The targeted study allowed for a detailed analysis of SSI incidence with consideration of the SSI standardized infection ratio. The cumulated incidence rate of SSIs was 2.6% in site I and 5.6% in site II. Among the etiological factors isolated from materials taken from patients with symptoms of SSI, staphylococci were in the majority, among them Stapylococcus aureus. In the targeted study, almost half of the isolated S. aureus strains (40%) manifested a resistance to methicillin (MRSA) as well as macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramin B (MLS β ). Conclusions. The Active Infection Surveillance System confirmed that in the patients of the studied population the most prevalent form of infection was SSI; however, a high incidence of hospital acquired pneumonia was also noticed. In the targeted study, the SSI incidence in site no. I was within the expected values. The possibility of performing postdischarge registration of infections was confirmed as well as the purposefulness of systematic infection control conducted by experienced personnel. The study showed the need for an improvement in microbiological surveillance in infection control, as well as the necessity of performing further detailed studies regarding the relationship of the operating team experience to the incidence of SSIs within Polish vascular surgery wards. We claim that in certain cases the division, together with the later reconstruction, of the left renal vein may facilitate the course of reconstructive operation of the abdominal aorta and decreases the risk of haemo-rrhage complications. Moreover, this manoeuvre does not influence postoperative renal function.
Impact of Supply Voltage Distortion on the Harmonic Emission of Electronic Household Equipment

Electronic devices have a nonlinear characteristic and emit harmonics into the low voltage grid. Due to the mass-use of this equipment (consumer electronics, lamps with electronic ballast and so on) the harmonic levels in the grid are usually dominated by the emission of those devices. A lot of harmonic studies are available, which analyze their impact on the harmonic levels based on different types of harmonic models. One commonly used model is the constant current source. Measurements have shown that the harmonic currents emitted by electronic devices significantly depend on the used circuit topology and the existing supply voltage distortion. The paper quantifies the impact of supply voltage distortion on the harmonic current emission of individual devices and the summation of multiple devices. After a classification of the commonly used circuit topologies for each of them a model is developed. Based on a comprehensive simulation framework, the individual and combined impact of the most important voltage harmonics (3 rd , 5 th , 7 th ) on the harmonic current emission of the modeled devices is analyzed by a probabilistic study. Based on the results the accuracy of constant current source models is evaluated. Finally the impact of voltage distortion on the summation of multiple devices is analyzed and the accuracy of summation studies based on the measurements of individual equipment is assessed
Optimal decision making for secure and economic operation of power systems under uncertainty

Operating power systems in a secure way constitutes a critical task for ensuring a well functioning society. However, security comes at the expense of additional investment and operational cost. The additional costs incurred to maintain a desired security level are expected to increase further due to the integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). This highlights the necessity to revisit certain operational concepts and construct novel design methodologies to achieve a better trade-off between a secure and an economic operation of the power network. This dissertation concentrates on quantifying this trade-off and proposes a mechanism for optimal decision making in the presence of uncertainty. We first introduce the concept of probabilistic security, where the system and security constraints are allowed to be violated with a prespecified probability. To achieve this, we formulate an optimal power flow problem with N-1 security constraints and infeed uncertainty (e.g wind power, loads) as a chance constrained optimization program. We then incorporate a generation-side reserve decision mechanism in the developed probabilistic security constrained optimal power flow framework. We model the deployed reserves as piecewise linear functions of the uncertainty and we optimize with respect to the coefficients of these functions and determine the required reserve capacity by the extreme values of the deployed reserves. In this way, another product of our production and reserve scheduling algorithm is the construction of a reserve strategy that can be deployed in real time operation. Analogously to the generation-side reserves, we also provide a representation for the reserves offered by demand response. Exploiting demandside capabilities for reserve provision allows a more economic operation of power systems since it results in lower total cost compared to the case
Glutathione S ‐ transferase A 1 mediates nicotine ‐ induced lung cancer cell metastasis by promoting epithelial ‐ mesenchymal transition

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) on lung cancer cell viability, invasion and adhesion in the presence of nicotine in vitro. Furthermore, the effect of GSTA1 on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process strongly associated with lung cancer metastasis, was examined. Human lung carcinoma A549 cells were treated with various concentrations of nicotine (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 μM) and levels of GSTA1 mRNA and protein were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. To knock down GSTA1 expression, GSTA1-small interfering RNA was transfected into A549 cells. Cell viability, invasion and adhesion abilities were determined by MTT, Transwell-Matrigel invasion and cell adhesion assays, respectively. The expression of the epithelial cell markers E-cadherin and keratin, and the mesenchymal cell markers vimentin and N-cadherin in A549 cells were examined by western blot analysis. The current study indicated that the expression of GSTA1 was increased in A549 cells following nicotine treatment. GSTA1 suppression inhibited the viability, invasion and adhesion of lung cancer cells. In addition, the increase in lung cancer cell viability, invasion and adhesion by nicotine was suppressed following GSTA1 knockdown. Furthermore, GSTA1 affected the expression of EMT markers in nicotine-treated or untreated lung cancer cells. Thus the present study demonstrates that GSTA1 promotes lung cancer cell invasion and adhesion and mediates the effect of nicotine on lung cancer cell metastasis in vitro. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that GSTA1 exerts its effect on lung cancer cell metastasis by promoting the EMT.
The effect of colostral immunoglobulin supplement on the passive immunity, growth and health of neonatal calves

& Jalonen, H. 4 1994. The effect of colostral immunoglobulin supplement on the passive immunity, growth and health of neonatal calves. Agricultural Science in Finland 3: 421-428. (• Farm Services, Valio Ltd, P.O. Box 390, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland, 2 Research and Development, Valio Ltd, P.O. Box 390, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland, 3 College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Hygiene, P.O. Box 6, FIN-00581 Helsinki, Finland, and 4 Valio Bioproducts Ltd, Biocity, Tykistökatu 6, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland.)
Computational Studies of Vortex Breakdown P : AFOSR 91-0047

Axisymluetric vortex breakdown was simulated numerically within an enclosed circular cylinder with: i) fixed cylindrical wall-endvall and one rotating lid; and ii) rotating cylindrical wall-endwall with a differentially rotating lid. Variations of the two dynamical parameters permitted the calculation of cages in which "incipient vortex breakdown" was observed. A vortex breakdown criterion recently proposed by Brown &Lopes was tested against these numerical solutions.
Total RNA isolation from the mesocarp of oil palm (Elaeis guineenssis Jacq. var. Tenera) fruits

Amanda UD, Cartealt IC. 2015. Isolasi RNA total dari mesokarp buah kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineenssis Jacq. var. Tenera). Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1 (2): 171-176. Telah dilakukan studi awal isolasi RNA total dari jaringan daging buah (mesokarp) tanaman kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineenssis Jacq. var. Tenera). Isolat RNA total yang baik merupakan syarat untuk penelitian yang berkaitan dengan ekspresi gen. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memperoleh metode ekstraksi RNA total dengan kualitas dan kuantitas yang optimal. Sampel jaringan yang digunakan adalah daging buah muda dari kelapa sawit varietas Tenera dengan perlakuan penyimpanan beku (frozen) dan jaringan segar (fresh). Buffer denaturan yang digunakan dalam penelitian berasal dari kit ekstraksi RNA, yaitu buffer RLT (mengandung guanidin tiosianat/GITC) dan RLC (mengandung guanidin hidroklorida/GuHCL). Secara kualitatif, hasil ekstraksi RNA dianalisis melalui elektroforesis gel agarosa 1%. Isolat RNA total yang diperoleh dalam penelitian mempunyai kualitas yang optimal, ditunjukkan melalui fluoresensi pita 18S rRNA dan 28S rRNA dengan ketebalan (intensitas) dan ketajaman yang baik. Kuantifikasi isolat RNA total dilakukan dengan bantuan alat spektrofotometer melalui pengukuran absorbansi UV pada panjang gelombang 260 nm (A260). Konsentrasi RNA total tertinggi diperoleh pada sampel beku yang diekstraksi menggunakan buffer RLC (sampel D), yaitu sebesar 641.52 ng/I¼L. Keberadaan kontaminan juga diketahui melalui spektrofotometer, dengan mengukur besar perbandingan (rasio) A260 terhadap A280 dan rasio A260 terhadap A230. Sampel D mempunyai kemurnian yang paling baik diantara semua sampel dengan nilai A260/A280 dan A260/A230 paling mendekati 2.0 Â± 0.1.