Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiphase processes in the EC-Earth Earth System model and their relevance to the atmospheric oxalate, sulfate, and iron cycles

Abstract. Understanding how multiphase processes affect the iron-containing aerosol cycle is key to predict ocean biogeochemistry changes and hence the feedback effects on climate. For this work, the EC-Earth Earth system model in its climate-chemistry configuration is used to simulate the global atmospheric oxalate (OXL), sulfate (SO42−), and iron (Fe) cycles, after incorporating a comprehensive representation of the multiphase chemistry in cloud droplets and aerosol water. The model considers a detailed gas-phase chemistry scheme, all major aerosol components, and the partitioning of gases in aerosol and atmospheric water phases. The dissolution of Fe-containing aerosols accounts kinetically for the solution’s acidity, oxalic acid, and irradiation. Aerosol acidity is explicitly calculated in the model, both for accumulation and coarse modes, accounting for thermodynamic processes involving inorganic and crustal species from sea salt and dust. Simulations for present-day conditions (2000–2014) have been carried out with both EC-Earth and the atmospheric composition component of the model in standalone mode driven by meteorological fields from ECMWF’s ERA-Interim reanalysis. The calculated global budgets are presented and the links between the 1) aqueous-phase processes, 2) aerosol dissolution, and 3) atmospheric composition, are demonstrated and quantified. The model results are supported by comparison to available observations. We obtain an average global OXL net chemical production of 12.61 ± 0.06 Tg yr−1 in EC-Earth, with glyoxal being by far the most important precursor of oxalic acid. In comparison to the ERA-Interim simulation, differences in atmospheric dynamics as well as the simulated weaker oxidizing capacity in EC-Earth result overall in a ~30 % lower OXL source. On the other hand, the more explicit representation of the aqueous-phase chemistry in EC-Earth compared to the previous versions of the model leads to an overall ~20 % higher sulfate production, but still well correlated with atmospheric observations. The total Fe dissolution rate in EC-Earth is calculated at 0.806 ± 0.014 Tg Fe yr−1 and is added to the primary dissolved Fe (DFe) sources from dust and combustion aerosols in the model (0.072 ± 0.001 Tg Fe yr−1). The simulated DFe concentrations show a satisfactory comparison with available observations, indicating an atmospheric burden of ∼0.007 Tg Fe, and overall resulting in an atmospheric deposition flux into the global ocean of 0.376 ± 0.005 Tg Fe yr−1, well within the range reported in the literature. All in all, this work is a first step towards the development of EC-Earth into an Earth System Model with fully interactive bioavailable atmospheric Fe inputs to the marine biogeochemistry component of the model.
Direct Concha Excitation for Introduction of Individualized Hearing Cues

Nonindividualized head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) are known to cause significant front-back and elevation confusions when used for three-dimensional sound systems. In addition headphones tend to induce in-head localization and rear perceptual bias. A method of concha excitation is proposed as a means of introducing individual cues without the need of individual HRTF measurements, which may overcome some of these difficulties. A prototype headphone was designed and tested.
Robust mask-layout and process synthesis in micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) using genetic algorithms

This thesis reports a Genetic Algorithm approach for the mask-layout and process flow synthesis problem. For a given desired target shape, an optimal mask-layout and process flow can be automatically generated using the Genetic Algorithm synthesis approach. The Genetic Algorithm manipulates and evolves a population of candidate solutions (mask-layouts and process parameters) by utilizing a process simulation tool to evaluate the performance of the candidate solutions. For the mask-layout and process flow synthesis problem, encoding schemes, selection schemes, and genetic operations have been developed to effectively explore the solution space and control the evolution and convergence of the solutions. The synthesis approach is tested for mask-layout and process synthesis for bulk wet etching. By integrating a bulk wet etching simulation tool into the Genetic Algorithm iterations, the algorithm can automatically generate proper mask-layout and process flow which can fabricate 3-D geometry close to the desired 3-D target shape. For structures with convex corners, complex compensation structures can be synthesized by the algorithm. More importantly, the process flow can also be synthesized. For multi-step wet etching processes, proper etchant sequence and etch times for each etch step can be synthesized automatically by the algorithm. When the choice of different process flows exists, the enlarged solution space makes the design problem more challenging. The ability to synthesize process flows makes the automatic design method more complete and more valuable. The algorithm is further extended to achieve robust design. Since fabrication variations and modeling inaccuracy always exist, the synthesized solutions without considering these variations may not generate satisfactory results in actual fabrication. Robust design methods are developed to synthesize robust mask-layouts and process flows in "noisy" environment. Since the synthesis procedure considers the effect of variations in the fabrication procedures, the final synthesized solution will have high robustness to the variations, and will generate satisfactory results under a variety of fabrication conditions. The robust design approaches are implemented and tested for robust mask-layout design for mask misalignment and etch rate variations. Mask-layouts robust to mask misalignment noise and etch rate variations during the fabrication can be synthesized. The synthesized mask-layouts generally improve the yield significantly by exhibiting consistent performance under a variety of fabrication conditions.
Calibrated virtual reality supported by stereo vision in intelligent robot control system

More and more robot control systems require intelligent extensions such as vision or virtual reality (VR) system in order to be capable of easy and flexible interaction with the environment or humans. This paper describes the stereo vision, virtual reality and off-line programming part of the intelligent control system of the Puma 560 robot and the dextrous hand developed at the Technical University of Budapest. With the use of the detailed graphic models of the VR system, efficient off-line robot programming and simulation of the contact forces between the hand and the grasped object is available. A simple robot programming language, which was written specifically for this robot-hand system, is introduced.
Tissue engineering a pancreatic substitute based on recombinant intestinal endocrine cells

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Athanassios Sambanis, who has been an incredible advisor and mentor. His impact on the development of my professional career has been immeasurable. I would also like to thank the members of my committee, Drs Bellamkonda, García, Le Doux, and Thulé, for their contributions and commitment to this project. I am also grateful to the universities of Georgia Tech and Emory for allowing me to study in such an amazing academic environment. The BME department, the IBB, and GTEC provided me with countless opportunities to conduct and present my scientific work, and to grow professionally in other areas, such as teaching and mentoring. For the development of my teaching skills, I am especially indebted the Gandy/Diaz teaching fellowship and my mentor, Dr. Lena Ting. Her excellence in teaching has given me much to aspire to. I would also like to extend sincere thanks to all of the Sambanis lab members, was a truly incredible group of individuals to work with and have been so helpful in my research. Tony Tang was my mentor on the L-cell project and set an incredible example for me from day 1. Cheryl Stabler, even after leaving the lab, she was incredibly helpful in answering any questions I had about working with mice. and Angie Gulino were amazing friends and sounding boards that helped me to work out issues with my project and encouraged me every step of the way. Alison Stucky was so understanding and giving of her time in helping me with my in vivo studies. She was my anesthesiologist and provided pre-and post-operative care to the mice. I don't know what I would have done without her. Danielle Henkel came to us briefly to conduct some iv undergraduate summer research and was very helpful in allowing me to advance the project into Aim 2, while I focused on other issues still present in the first aim. Additionally, I am incredibly grateful to the agencies and corporations that provided the funding for this project. intestinal submucosa by Cook Biotech. Finally I would not be the person I am today were it not for the loving support of my family. My parents Dave and Cheryl Virginia have encouraged me and pushed me to excel through every stage of my academic development and I am forever grateful to them. I am also …
Amharic Handwritten Character Recognition Using Various Feature Extraction Techniques and Support Vector Machine

Handwritten character recognition is an area of pattern recognition. It is the most challenge problem in pattern recognition. This paper presents the techniques for solving the challenges and problems of Amharic handwritten character recognition. In Amharic character, there is visual similarity of shape, and Amharic characters are large in number. In this paper, combined feature extraction techniques, such as zoning based and histogram of oriented gradients feature extraction techniques are used. Multiclass support vector machine used as a classifier. We trained and tested our approach on Amharic handwritten character data set and Chars74K benchmark numeric data set. we validated our model using 10-fold cross-validation Index Terms -Amharic handwritten character recognition, cross-validation, Error correcting output code, histogram of oriented gradients, support vector machine, optical character recognition, zoning.
Effects of Alcohol Consumption and Smoking on the Onset of Hypertension in a Long-Term Longitudinal Study in a Male Workers’ Cohort

Aim: To determine the effects of alcohol consumption and smoking on the onset of hypertension in a long-term longitudinal study. Methods: 7511 non-hypertensive male workers were enrolled. This cohort study was performed over an 8-year period using the results of the annual workers-health screening. The end-point was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, or use of antihypertensive drugs. For alcohol consumption, weekly alcohol intake (g ethanol/week) was estimated (1 “gou” = 22 g ethanol). Annual survey data were analyzed by pooled logistic regression that included alcohol consumption, smoking, age, body mass index, job schedule types, habitual exercise, and blood test measurements into the statistical model. Results: A significant positive dose–response relationship between alcohol consumption and onset of hypertension was observed, with synergistic health effects present. Compared with abstainers and nonsmokers, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for the onset of hypertension were: 1.51 (1.27–1.79) for 154 g ethanol/week and nonsmokers, and 1.81 (1.54–2.11) for 154 g ethanol/week and smokers. An interaction between alcohol and smoking was confirmed. Conclusions: This study provided information useful to the prevention of hypertension. By reducing alcohol consumption and smoking simultaneously, the risk of hypertension may be considerably lowered.
Gossypol Acetic Acid Attenuates Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats via an Antiferroptotic Mechanism

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury has been associated with ferroptosis, which is characterized by an iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxide to lethal levels. Gossypol acetic acid (GAA), a natural product taken from the seeds of cotton plants, prevents oxidative stress. However, the effects of GAA on myocardial I/R-induced ferroptosis remain unclear. This study investigated the ability of GAA to attenuate I/R-induced ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes along with the underlying mechanisms in a well-established rat model of myocardial I/R and isolated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. H9c2 cells and cardiomyocytes were treated with the ferroptosis inducers erastin, RSL3, and Fe-SP. GAA could protect H9c2 cells against ferroptotic cell death caused by these ferroptosis inducers by decreasing the production of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species, chelating iron content, and downregulating mRNA levels of Ptgs2. GAA could prevent oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death and lipid peroxidation in the cardiomyocytes. Moreover, GAA significantly attenuated myocardial infarct size, reduced lipid peroxidation, decreased the mRNA levels of the ferroptosis markers Ptgs2 and Acsl4, decreased the protein levels of ACSL4 and NRF2, and increased the protein levels of GPX4 in I/R-induced ex vivo rat hearts. Thus, GAA may play a cytoprotectant role in ferroptosis-induced cardiomyocyte death and myocardial I/R-induced ferroptotic cell death.
Development and Calibration of a Guitar Synthesizer

A specific efficient implementation for the synthesis of acoustic guitar tones is described which is based on recent digital waveguide synthesis techniques. Enhanced analysis methods are used for calibrating the synthesis model based on digitized tones. The lowest resonances of the guitar body are implemented with separate parametric second-order resonators that run at a lower sampling rate than the string model.
Designing multiband coupled‐resonator filters using reactance transformations

A method of constructing multiband filtering functions from single‐band functions using rational reactance mapping functions is presented. The technique can be applied to coupled‐resonator filters with N pass‐bands, each of arbitrary bandwidth and centre frequency. The resulting filter topologies are simple to implement and do not introduce cross‐couplings beyond that of the original low‐pass prototype. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 25:81–92, 2015.
Advances in Monte-Carlo code TRIPOLI-4

TRIPOLI-4 R © is a Monte-Carlo particle-transport code developed at CEA-Saclay (France) that is employed in the domains of nuclear-reactor physics, criticality-safety, shielding/radiation protection and nuclear instrumentation. The goal of this paper is to report on current developments, validation and verification made in TRIPOLI-4 in the electron/positron/photon sector. The new capabilities and improvements concern refinements to the electron transport algorithm, the introduction of a charge-deposition score, the new thick-target bremsstrahlung option, the upgrade of the bremsstrahlung model and the improvement of electron angular straggling at low energy. The importance of each of the developments above is illustrated by comparisons with calculations performed with other codes and with experimental data.
On the analysis of ΔΣ fractional-N frequency synthesizers for high-spectral purity

Since /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ Fractional-N synthesis is becoming a popular path to synthesizer integration, thorough analysis is mandatory to uncover its pitfalls. Two generic analysis methods for /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ fractional-N synthesis are presented. The first analysis method is based on linear system theory and provides insight on the fundamental bandwidth limitations imposed by the /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ quantization noise in terms of rms phase error and phase-noise. To swiftly and accurately examine the effect of nonidealities on the spectral purity of the synthesizer, a fast, nonlinear analysis method is developed. Serious in-band noise leakage and reemerging spurious tones can be observed, which are in close correspondence with experimental results. Both methods are applied to distinguish the pros and cons of multistage noise-shaping (MASH) and single-loop /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ modulators in fractional- N synthesis. Based on the analysis methods, practical circuit design guidelines are compiled, with a focus on monolithic /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ fractional-N synthesizer design in CMOS with high spectral purity. These circuit design guidelines are applied to design a monolithic /spl Delta//spl Sigma/-controlled fractional-N phased-locked loop in 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS that complies to the stringent DCS-1800 cellular specifications, which serves as a test case for experimental verification of the presented analysis methods.
Parameter determination of equivalent circuit for load effect due to ferrite core attachment

Ferrite cores are commonly attached to a cable/wire to suppress the electromagnetic noise from digital information equipment. In this paper, an equivalent circuit for the load effect due to a ferrite core installed inside a coaxial cable is considered. A method for determining the equivalent circuit parameters is presented. The validity is confirmed by measurements of the scattering transmission coefficient S/sub 21/ for commercially available ferrite cores with different dimensions.
SIGNIFICANCE OF CHARACTER ‘H’ IN SOUNDEX PATTERNS ON INDIAN NAMES

: In this digitization age, particularly under the umbrella of Digital India scheme, each and every establishment in India is in the process of digital transformation one way or the other. The establishments vary from small private business to larger enterprise and in the government sector in various levels of central/ state/ district administration. In government, the enrollment, verification, identification, usage and maintenance of demographic data particularly on the personal names in the critical government records play a very important role. A very small spelling mistake in the name at the time of enrollment process leads to complications and the citizen runs from pillar to post for the rectification process. Though the rectification process in every system of enrollment is well defined, the process to get the spelling mistake corrected is very painful. The applicant needs to defend himself with ‘n’ number of documents available with him to prove his correct spelling in the required document. In recent years, the spelling mistakes happening at the enrollment stage are being resolved at the initial stage itself as the data entry is in the form of self service. One of the best practices is to get the consent of the applicant directly prior to processing his/ her application. The complication starts when the enrollment process happens in the absence of the applicant as the consent of the concerned applicant can’t be taken across the counter. In government, most of the citizenship services are outsourced and the data correction process is being carried out as a separate entity as part of the application acceptance. During the application acceptance process, every agency does the data verification in their own style as per the guidelines from the concerned government. Irrespective of the methodology being followed in name checking, the earlier occurrence of the same applicant within their own system is being carried out as part of the verification process. To implement this activity, government agencies need to follow some sort of soundex mechanism to find out the alternatives over the names in the data base and cross verify the same with other related parameters. In this scenario, it is understood that the spelling of the same name in a different part of India differs phonetically as some characters play a significant role. In this paper, we have tried to find and analyze the significance of the character ‘H’ in soundex patterns in Indian names.
Automating Time Series Forecasting on Crime Data using RNN-LSTM

Criminal activities, be it violent or non-violent are major threats to the safety and security of people. Frequent Crimes are the extreme hindrance to the sustainable development of a nation and thus need to be controlled. Often Police personnel seek the computational solution and tools to realize impending crimes and to perform crime analytics. The developed and developing countries experimenting their tryst with predictive policing in the recent times. With the advent of advanced machine and deep learning algorithms, Time series analysis and building a forecasting model on crime data sets has become feasible. Time series analysis is preferred on this data set as the crime events are recorded with respect to time as significant component. The objective of this paper is to mechanize and automate time series forecasting using a pure DL model. N-Beats Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) are the proven ensemble models for time series forecasting. Herein, we had foreseen future trends with better accuracy by building a model using NBeats algorithm on Sacremento crime data set. This study applied detailed data pre-processing steps, presented an extensive set of visualizations and involved hyperparameter tuning. The current study has been compared with the other similar works and had been proved as a better forecasting model. This study varied from the other research studies in the data visualization with the enhanced accuracy.
SECURITY AND PRIVACY RISK ON MOBILE CLOUDS OVER ADVANCED PERSISTENT THREAT

: Any person can gain access of his workplace personal data anytime at anywhere because of 5G network and cloud technology. The most appropriate way for us to access to cloud data is to use personal smart phone. On the other hand, Because of low security protection and limited computation resource, smart phone is somewhat vulnerable while facing with malicious attacks in open network. Attacker can penetrate to different levels of cloud as well as to infrastructure of mobile to steal and temper data, which may prone to new type of attack - advanced persistent threat (APT). This survey paper insights security and privacy risk of mobile cloud in the perspective of applied cryptography and also provides solutions for the risks
Moments of Uncertainty

Feasibility and acceptability research for HIV self-testing (HIVST) often emphasises the importance of good test conduct and correct test interpretation for knowing one’s HIV result while overlooking the ways in which different uncertainties and meanings emerge around testing. Using empirical examples from a quantitative study assessing an app-based strategy in Cape Town, South Africa, this research article explores the practice of HIVST and how people deal with uncertainties while using the app in question, named ‘HIVSmart! ’. We use the concept of ‘living under’ to explore the practices of HIV testing for those who fit the definition of being ‘at risk’ of HIV (note that an individual’s HIV status must be unknown in order for them to fit this definition) and to understand how an appbased HIVST strategy fits within these practices. We show how the app and oral self-test—as well as knowledge around HIV risk behaviours, comparisons between different testing methods, and the guidance and presence of healthcare staff— alleviate as well as generate uncertainty and constitute HIV status as an ongoing process. The effective implementation of new strategies for HIVST requires consideration of multiple aspects of the testing process, including local understandings of HIV risk, access to healthcare staff, and the meaning of certain test methods within a particular context.