Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Motion parameters determination of the SC and Phobos in the project

Introduction The SC “Phobos-Grunt” flight is planned to 2009 in Russia with the purpose to deliver to the Earth the soil samples of the Mars satellite Phobos. The mission will pass under the following scheme [1-4]: the SC flight from the Earth to the Mars, the SC transit on the Mars satellite orbit, the motion round the Mars on the observation orbit and on the quasi-synchronous one [5], landing on Phobos, taking of a ground and start in the direction to the Earth. The implementation of complicated dynamical operations in the Phobos vicinity is foreseen by the project. The SC will be in a disturbance sphere of gravitational fields from the Sun, the Mars and the Phobos. The SC orbit determination is carried out on a totality of trajectory measurements executed from ground tracking stations and measurements of autonomous systems onboard space vehicle relatively the Phobos. As ground measurements the radio engineering measurements of range and range rate are used. There are possible as onboard optical observations of the Phobos by a television system and ranges from the SC up to the Phobos surface by laser locator. As soon as the Phobos orbit accuracy is insufficient for a solution of a problem of landing its orbit determination will be carried out together with determination of the SC orbit. Therefore the algorithms for joint improving of initial conditions of the SC and the Phobos are necessary to determine parameters of the SC relative the Phobos motion within a single dynamical motion model. After putting on the martial satellite orbit, on the Phobos observation orbit, on the quasi-synchronous orbit in the Phobos vicinity the equipment guidance and the following process of the SC orbit determination relatively Phobos requires a priori knowledge of the Phobos orbit parameters with sufficiently high precision. These parameters should be obtained beforehand using both all modern observations and historical ones.
Session H : Content and Media H 1 The Implementation of smart home system based on 3 G and ZigBee Topology

In this paper, we propose a new method to refine edge information of the up-sampled depth image. After a low-resolution depth image is enhanced by its corresponding color image using joint bilateral filtering, the edge extracted from the depth image is interpolated. Then, the bi-linearly interpolated depth image is refined using the edge map. Experiments show that the proposed method outperforms the M-3DVC method in terms of the quality of the depth data and synthesized virtual view.
Compressed/reconstructed test images for CRAF/Cassini

A set of compressed, then reconstructed, test images submitted to the Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby (CRAF)/Cassini project is presented as part of its evaluation of near lossless high compression algorithms for representing image data. A total of seven test image files were provided by the project. The seven test images were compressed, then reconstructed with high quality (root mean square error of approximately one or two gray levels on an 8 bit gray scale), using discrete cosine transforms or Hadamard transforms and efficient entropy coders. The resulting compression ratios varied from about 2:1 to about 10:1, depending on the activity or randomness in the source image. This was accomplished without any special effort to optimize the quantizer or to introduce special postprocessing to filter the reconstruction errors. A more complete set of measurements, showing the relative performance of the compression algorithms over a wide range of compression ratios and reconstruction errors, shows that additional compression is possible at a small sacrifice in fidelity.
Linear Complementarity Systems

We introduce a new class of dynamical systems called "linear complementarity systems. " The time evolution of these systems consists of a series of continuous phases separated by "events" which cause a change in dynamics and possibly a jump in the state vector. The occurrence of events is governed by certain inequalities similar to those appearing in the linear complementarity problem of mathematical programming. The framework we describe is suitable for certain situations in which both differential equations and inequalities play a role; for instance, in mechanics, electrical networks, piecewise linear systems, and dynamic optimization. We present a precise definition of the solution concept of linear complementarity systems and give sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness of solutions.
1 Semi-transparent energy-harvesting solar 2 concentrator windows employing infrared 3 transmission-enhanced glass and large-area 4 microstructured diffractive elements 5

We report on the study of energy-harvesting performance in medium-size (400 cm2) glass13 based semitransparent solar concentrators employing edge-mounted photovoltaic modules. 14 Systems using several different types of glazing system architecture and containing embedded 15 diffractive structures are prepared and characterized. The technological approaches to the rapid 16 manufacture of large-area diffractive elements suitable for use in solar window-type concentrators 17 are described. These elements enable the internal deflection and partial trapping of light inside 18 glass-based concentrator windows. We focus on uncovering the potential of pattern-transfer 19 polymer-based soft lithography for enabling both the improved photon collection probability at 20 solar cell surfaces, and the up-scaling of semitransparent solar window dimensions. Results of 21 photovoltaic characterization of several solar concentrators employing different internal glazing22 system structure and diffractive elements produced using different technologies are reported and 23 discussed. 24
Educational Ethnography in Blended Learning Environments.

Digital ethnography, online ethnography, Virtual Ethnography (herein VE), or netnography, is a modern, expanded face of ethnographic research and a post positivist research approach (see the introduction by Dooly & Moore, this volume). It consists of adapted versions of more traditional ethnographic methods (see chapters by Corona, this volume; Nussbaum, this volume; Unamuno & Patiño, this volume) that aim to investigate the construction of communities, cultures, learning and teaching processes as they take place/are created through Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC), and increasingly, in digital or mobile mediated communication. This approach has been recently applied successfully to different educational arenas, including language teacher communities (Kulavuz-Onal & Vásquez, 2013) and plurilingual speakers’ practices in online communities (Androutsopoulos, 2008). However, applications of this approach to formal educational environments are scarce, principally because it is limited to online data collection.
Construction of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks reveals functional lncRNAs in abdominal aortic aneurysm

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality in populations aged >65 years worldwide. However, the underlying mechanisms of AAA based on the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis have remained elusive. In the present study, differently expressed long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA networks in AAA were constructed by analyzing public datasets, including GSE7084, GSE24194 from rats and that of a previous study. A total of 1,219 mRNAs, 2,093 lncRNAs and 57 miRNAs were identified to differently express in AAA. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed to explore the potential roles of differently expressed lncRNAs based on their regulating mRNAs. Based on the ceRNA hypothesis, lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks in AAA were, for the first time, constructed at a system-wide level. The present study identified 5 upregulated lncRNAs [nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B antisense RNA 1, small Cajal body-specific RNA 10, AC005224.4 and SUMO1/sentrin/SMT3-specific peptidase 3-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A1] and the downregulated zinc ribbon domain containing 1 antisense RNA 1 as key lncRNAs in ceRNA networks. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to screen ceRNA networks in AAA. In addition, key lncRNA-mRNA-biological processes analysis indicated that these key lncRNAs were involved in regulating signal transduction, protein amino acid phosphorylation, immune response, transcription, development and cell differentiation. The present study provides novel clues to explore the molecular mechanisms of AAA progression in terms of lncRNA implication.
Narrow Scale Flow and a Weak Field by the Top of Earth's Core: Evidence from Orsted, Magsat and Secular Variation

[1] To test two hypotheses against seismology, the Orsted initial field model is used to estimate the radius of Earth's core by spectral methods. The model coefficients are used to compute the mean-square magnetic flux density in spherical harmonics of degree n on the reference sphere of radius a = 6371.2 km, which is an observational spectrum Rn. The theoretical spectrum tested, {Rnc} = K(n + 1/2)[(n(n + 1)]−1(c/a)2n+4, is obtained from the hypotheses of narrow-scale flow and a dynamically weak magnetic field near the top of Earth's core; it describes a low-degree, core source magnetic energy range. Core radius c and amplitude K are estimated by fitting log theoretical to log observational spectra at low degrees. Estimates of c from Rn of degrees 1 through N vary between 3441 and 3542 km as N increases from 4 to 12. None of these estimates differ significantly from the seismologic core radius of 3480 km. Significant differences do occur if N exceeds 12, which is consistent with appreciable noncore, crustal source fields at degrees 13 and above, or if other spectral forms are assumed. Similar results are obtained from the 1980 epoch Magsat model CM3. One way to deduce {Rnc} uses an expectation spectrum for low-degree secular variation (SV) induced by narrow-scale flow near the top of Earth's core, {Fnc} = Cn(n + 1/2)(n + 1)(c/a)2n+4. The value of c obtained by fitting this form to the mean observational SV spectrum from model GSFC 9/80 is 3470 ± 91 km, also in accord with seismologic estimates. This test of the narrow-scale flow hypothesis is independent of the weak field hypothesis. The agreement between SV, Magsat, Orsted, and seismologic estimates of core radius means the hypotheses pass these tests. Additional tests are described.
The role of abiotic and biotic factors in determining coexistence of multiple pollinators in the yucca–yucca moth mutualism

The determinants of a species' geographic distribution are a combination of both abiotic and biotic factors. Environmental niche modeling of climatic factors has been instrumental in documenting the role of abiotic factors in a species' niche. Integrating this approach with data from species interactions provides a means to assess the relative roles of abiotic and biotic components. Here, we examine whether the high host specificity typically exhibited in the active pollination mutualism between yuccas and yucca moths is the result of differences in climatic niche requirements that limit yucca moth distributions or the result of competition among mutualistic moths that would co-occur on the same yucca species. We compared the species distribution models of two Tegeticula pollinator moths that use the geographically widespread plant Yucca filamentosa. Tegeticula yuccasella occurs throughout eastern North America whereas T. cassandra is restricted to the southeastern portion of the range, primarily occurring in Florida. Species distribution models demonstrate that T. cassandra is restricted climatically to the southeastern United States and T. yuccasella is predicted to be able to live across all of eastern North America. Data on moth abundances in Florida demonstrate that both moth species are present on Y. filamentosa; however, T. cassandra is numerically dominant. Taken together, the results suggest that moth geographic distributions are heavily influenced by climate, but competition among pollinating congeners will act to restrict populations of moth species that co-occur.
Researchers Unravel The Mysteries Of The Basque People September 9 , 2015

Instead, it appears that the Basques' closest ancestors are early Iberian farmers who were descended from that first wave of Neolithic farmers, which then mixed with the local hunter-gatherers. The researchers think that the Basque people's unique characteristics survived in isolation as, after this first initial mingling of huntergatherers and farmers, the Basque people became separated from subsequent waves of farmers, first from the East then from the South, and continued instead to mix further with the local huntergatherers.
All LARGE-SCALE BIODIVERSITY EXPERIMENTS

biodiversity A contraction of biological diversity that encompasses all biological variation from the level of genes, through populations, species, and functional groups (and sometimes higher levels such as landscape units). ecosystem functioning An umbrella term for the processes operating in an ecosystem. ecosystem processes The biogeochemical flows of energy and matter within and between ecosystems, for example, primary production and nutrient cycling. ecosystem services An ecosystem process that is beneficial for human beings, for example, the provision of foods and materials, sequestration of carbon dioxide, and stabilization of soils. factorial design Involves all possible combinations of the levels of the crossed experimental factors (fully factorial) or an incomplete but informative combination of levels (fractional factorial).
Convolutional Neural Networks for Pathological Voice Detection

Acoustic analysis using signal processing tools can be used to extract voice features to distinguish whether a voice is pathological or healthy. The proposed work uses spectrogram of voice recordings from a voice database as the input to a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for automatic feature extraction and classification of disordered and normal voice. The novel classifier achieved 88.5%, 66.2% and 77.0% accuracy on training, validation and testing data set respectively on 482 normal and 482 organic dysphonia speech files. It reveals that the proposed novel algorithm on the Saarbruecken Voice Database can effectively been used for screening pathological voice recordings.
The muon (g-2) spin equations, the magic γ, what’s small and what’s not

We review the spin equations for the muon in the 1.45~T muon storage ring at Brookhaven National Laboratory, which has subsequently been relocated to Fermilab. Muons are stored in a uniform 1.45~T magnetic field, and vertical focusing is provided by four sets of electrostatic quadrupoles placed symmetrically around the storage ring. The storage ring is operated at the "magic $\gamma = 29.3$" so that the effect of the motional magnetic field cancels for muons at the magic momentum. We point out the relative sizes of the various terms in the spin equations, and show that for experiments that use the magic $\gamma$ and electric quadrupole focusing to store the muon beam, any proposed effect that multiplies either the motional magnetic field $\vec \beta \times \vec E$ or the muon pitching motion $\vec \beta \cdot \vec B$ term, will be smaller by three or more orders of magnitude, relative to the spin precession from the storage ring magnetic field. We use a recently proposed General Relativity correction as an example, to demonstrate the smallness of any such contribution, and point out that the revised preprint from these authors still contains a conceptual error, that significantly overestimates the magnitude of their proposed correction. We have prepared this document in the hope that future authors will find it useful, should they wish to propose corrections from some additional term added to the Thomas equation, Eq. 13, below. Our goal is to clarify how the experiment is done, and how the small corrections due to the presence of the radial electric field and the vertical pitching motion of themuons (betatron motion) in the storage ring are taken into account.
Differential Attrition

The differential attrition of persons from comparison groups severely restricts the inferences that can be made from results of evaluative research. This problem is particularly troublesome in the evaluation of medical technologies, such as coronary artery bypass graft surgery, since a substantial percentage of medical or control patients cross over to the surgical group. A procedure using worst case assumptions is developed that allows researchers to estimate the maximum effect of differential attrition, and therefore enhance the quality of their inferences. The article first illustrates theprocedure, then concludes with a discussion of the generality of the estimation procedure to other instances in which differential attrition is a problem, and points out the limitations of the approach.
DETECTION OF BRUISES ON APPLES USING NEAR – INFRARED HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING

Development of an automated bruise detection system will help the fruit industry to provide better fruit for the consumer and reduce potential economic losses. The objective of this research was to investigate the potential of near–infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging for detecting bruises on apples in the spectral region between 900 nm and 1700 nm. An NIR hyperspectral imaging system was developed and a computer algorithm was created to detect both new and old bruises on apples. Experiments were conducted to acquire hyperspectral images from Red Delicious and Golden Delicious apples over a period of 47 days after bruising. Results showed that the spectral region between 1000 nm and 1340 nm was most appropriate for bruise detection. Bruise features changed over time from lower reflectance to higher reflectance, and the rate of the change varied with fruit and variety. Using both principal component and minimum noise fraction transforms, the system was able to detect both new and old bruises, with a correct detection rate from 62% to 88% for Red Delicious and from 59% to 94% for Golden Delicious. The optimal spectral resolution for bruise detection was between 8.6 nm and 17.3 nm, with the corresponding number of spectral bands between 40 and 20. This research shows that NIR hyperspectral imaging is useful for detecting apple bruises. With improvement in image acquisition speed and detector technology, the NIR hyperspectral imaging technique will have the potential for offline inspection and online sorting of fruit for defects.
World Journal on Educational Technology: Current Issues

Learning in laboratories for students is not only crucial for conceptual understanding, but also contributes to gaining scientific reasoning skills. Following fast developments in technology, online laboratory environments have been improved considerably and nowadays form an attractive alternative for hands-on laboratories. The study was done in order to reveal pre-service science teachers’ preferences for hands-on or online laboratory environments. Participants of the study were 41 pre-service science teachers who were enrolled in a 13-week course on laboratory applications in science education. Findings showed that more than half of the pre-service science teachers would prefer to use hands-on laboratory environments for both conceptual teaching in their classrooms and to develop their students’ science process skills. The reasons behind their choices are discussed.
CHAPTER 3 N-gram Language Models

Hopefully, most of you concluded that a very likely word is in, or possibly over, but probably not refrigerator or the. In the following sections we will formalize this intuition by introducing models that assign a probability to each possible next word. The same models will also serve to assign a probability to an entire sentence. Such a model, for example, could predict that the following sequence has a much higher probability of appearing in a text:
Predicting Volatile Consumer Markets using Multi-Agent Methods

A behavioral model incorporating utility-based rational choice enhanced with psychological drivers is presented to study a consumer goods market, characterized by repeat purchase incidences by households. The psychological drivers incorporate purchase strategies of loyalty and change-of-pace, which affect the choice set of consumer agents in an agent-based simulation environment. Agent specific memories of past purchases drive these strategies, while attribute specific preferences and prices drive the utility-based choice function. Transactions data from a category in a supermarket is used to initialize, calibrate, and test the accuracy of predictions of the model. Results indicate that prediction accuracy at both macro and micro levels can be significantly improved with the incorporation of purchase strategies. Moreover, increasing the memory length beyond a certain limit does not improve predictions in the model, indicating that consumer memory of past shopping instances is finite and low and recent purchase history is more relevant to current decision making than the distant past.
Snowmelt infiltration to frozen Prairie soils

The paper summarizes the results of 5 years of study of the interaction between snowmelt infiltration (INF), snow-cover water equivalent (SWE), and soil moisture content at the time of melt (θp) for soils in the Brown and Dark Brown zones of the Canadian Prairies. It is shown that in uncracked soils the depth infiltrating water percolates into the soil during the melt sequence is, on the average, approximately 30 cm and that θp of the frozen layer at the soil surface (0–30 cm) is the dominant factor governing the amount of snowmelt infiltration, independent of soil texture and vegetative cover. Empirical expressions, in the form of power equations and graphs, are presented describing the relationship between the variables. Because of their simplicity they have direct practical application to a number of water management problems of the region. A conceptual model for describing the snowmelt infiltration phenomenon in operational water management schemes is presented. It divides the infiltration potential o.
Dunaliella salina Suppress Oxidative Stress , Alterations in the Expression of Pro-Apoptosis and Inflammation Related Genes Induced by STZ in Diabetic Rats

The aim of the present investigation is to study the protective effect of the Dunaliella slina extract against streptozotocin (STZ)induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in male rats. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), apoptosis assay as well as expression of the apoptosis and inflammatory related genes were assessed. The results revealed that the antioxidant biomarker PON1 decreased in diabetic rats, however, TGF-β level was elevated in diabetic rats. Whereas, the treatment of rats with STZ increased the apoptosis rates and the alterations of the pro-apoptosis (Eotaxin, Caspase-1 and Caspase-2) as well as inflammation (NF-κ β1 and AIF-1) related genes. Aside from, treatment of diabetic rats with D. salina ethanolic extract, they demonstrated an increase in PON1 level, while reduction in the elevated TGF-β level was monitored. However, treatment of STZinjected rats with D. salina extract exhibited low apoptosis rates and decreased the alteration of the pro-apoptosis and inflammatory related genes induced by STZ in rats. The biological effect of D. salina could be attributed to its high level of 9-cis carotene which protect cells from the oxidative stress, hence, treatment of diabetic rats with D. salina extract declared therapeutic potential in hyperglycemia dominance which need further clinical trial for usage as nutraceutical product, in diabetic regimen.