Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bodies out of control: Relapse and worsening of eating disorders in pregnancy

Background Being pregnant is a vulnerable period for women with a history of eating disorders. A central issue in eating disorders is searching control of one’s body and food preferences. Pregnancy implies being increasingly out of control of this. Treatment and targeted prevention start with the patient’s experience. Little is known about how women with a history of eating disorder experience being pregnant. Method We interviewed 24 women with a history of eating disorder at the time of pregnancy, recruited from five public pregnancy controls at local family health centers in Norway. Interviews were analyzed by means of ideal type analysis, with a particular focus on how the participants experienced pregnancy and perceived triggers in possible experiences of relapse or worsening during pregnancy. All participants completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and were diagnosed (DSM-5) by using the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE). Results On becoming pregnant, 23 of the 24 participants experienced worsening or relapse of their disorder. This occurred both at first time and after several pregnancies, and either interviewed early or late in pregnancy. Ideal type analyses indicated seven different personal features associated with worsening or relapse: the “chaotic” “rigid” “perfect” “worried” “shameful” “motherhood fearing” and “the mother with lost identity” Perceived triggers of worsening or relapse were: “loss of control” “unpredictability” “competition” “change of appearance” “shame and nausea” and “loss of identity. ” Conclusion Pregnancy is a vulnerable period for women with a history of eating disorders. A great variation in personal psychological dynamics seems to interact with perceived triggers in worsening or relapse of eating disorder. Our findings have important implications in understanding mechanisms of relapse in pregnancy, preventing relapse and help tailoring adequate intervention.
A study of the roles of school administrators in increasing the quality of school life through social responsibility projects in primary schools

The structure and expectations of societies are constantly changing, developing, and advancing as time demands. Accordingly, the vision, mission, purpose, and objectives of educational institutions are changing and are shaped according to the expectations of the society. School Directors, teachers, and families, briefly the community, should know that schools are institutions that best fulfill children’s learning, and make them feel happy and safe. A cheerful and peaceful school environment always brings academic success. Children who have a quality school life are aware of the responsibility for their behaviors as well as the social responsibilities for their environment. Thus, students who are closely interested in social responsibility projects are not just academically developed; at the same time, their social, emotional, and mental development increases, and their social cohesion and awareness develop. This research aims to examine ways to improve the quality of social life in schools through social responsibility projects to be started as well as opinions by School Directors. In this study, the qualitative method and case study design were used. The study group of this research consisted of 15 teachers working in primary schools affiliated with the Department of Primary Education of the Ministry of National Education. The participants were interviewed through live connections. The findings revealed that students are very willing to take part in social responsibility projects, and significant improvements have been made in their academic achievement; they attended more willingly, and there have been noticeable changes in the quality of the school.
The contribution of activity theory to modeling multi-actor decision-making: A focus on human capital investments

Making investment decisions is usually considered a challenging task for investors because it is a process based on risky, complex, and consequential choices (Shanmuganathan, 2020). When it comes to Investments in human capital (IHC), such as startups fundings, the aspect of decision-making (DM) becomes even more critical since the outcome of the DM process is not completely predictable. Indeed, it has to take into consideration the will, goals, and motivations of each human actor involved: those who invest as well as those who seek investments. We define this specific DM process as multi-actor DM (MADM) since not a group is making decisions but different actors, or groups of different actors, who – starting from non-coinciding objectives – need to reach a mutual agreement and converge toward a common goal for the success of the investment. This review aims to give insights on psychological contributions to the study of complex DM processes that deal with IHC to provide scholars and practitioners with a theoretical framework and a tool for describing the complex socio-ecological systems involved in the DM processes. For this purpose, we discuss in the paper how the third generation of activity theory (Leont’ev, 1974, 1978;Engeström, 1987, 2001) could be used as an appropriate model to explain the specificities of MADM construct, focusing on the particular case of startup funding. Design thinking techniques will be proposed as a methodology to create a bridge between different activity systems.
Anatomical distribution of CGRP-containing lumbosacral spinal afferent neurons in the mouse uterine horn

Sensory stimuli from the uterus are detected by spinal afferent neurons whose cell bodies arise from thoracolumbar and lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Using an in vivo survival surgical technique developed in our laboratory to remove select DRG from live mice, we recently quantified the topographical distribution of thoracolumbar spinal afferents innervating the mouse uterine horn, revealed by loss of immunoreactivity to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Here, we used the same technique to investigate the distribution of lumbosacral uterine spinal afferents, in which L5-S1 DRG were unilaterally removed from adult female C57BL/6J mice (N = 6). Following 10–12 days recovery, CGRP immunoreactivity was quantified along the length of uterine horns using fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Relative to myometrial thickness, overall CGRP density in uterine tissues ipsilateral to L5-S1 DRG removal was reduced compared to the DRG-intact, contralateral side (P = 0.0265). Regionally, however, myometrial CGRP density was unchanged in the cranial, mid, and caudal portions. Similarly, CGRP-expressing nerve fiber counts, network lengths, junctions, and the proportion of area occupied by CGRP immunoreactivity were unaffected by DRG removal (P ≥ 0.2438). Retrograde neuronal tracing from the caudal uterine horn revealed fewer spinal afferents here arise from lumbosacral than thoracolumbar DRG (P = 0.0442) (N = 4). These data indicate that, unlike thoracolumbar DRG, lumbosacral spinal afferent nerves supply relatively modest sensory innervation across the mouse uterine horn, with no regional specificity. We conclude most sensory information between the mouse uterine horn and central nervous system is likely relayed via thoracolumbar spinal afferents.
Plasma metabolomics of schizophrenia with cognitive impairment: A pilot study

Schizophrenia (SCZ) acts as a complex and burdensome disease, in which the functional outcome can be validly predicted by cognitive impairment, as one of the core features. However, there still lack considerable markers of cognitive deficits in SCZ. Based on metabolomics, it is expected to identify different metabolic characteristics of SCZ with cognitive impairment. In the present study, 17 SCZ patients with cognitive impairment (CI), 17 matched SCZ patients with cognitive normal (CN), and 20 healthy control subjects (HC) were recruited, whose plasma metabolites were measured using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS). The result of metabolic profiling indicated the identification of 46 differentially expressed metabolites between HC, CN, and CI groups, with 7 differentially expressed metabolites between CN and CI groups. Four differential metabolites (imidazolepropionic acid, Homoserine, and Aspartic acid) were repeatedly found in both screenings, by which the formed biomarker panel could discriminate SCZ with cognitive impairment from matched patients (AUC = 0.974) and health control (AUC = 0.841), respectively. Several significant metabolic pathways were highlighted in pathway analysis, involving Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, and Citrate cycle (TCA cycle). In this study, several differentially expressed metabolites were identified in SCZ with cognitive impairment, providing novel insights into clinical treatment strategies.
Accurate segmentation of neonatal brain MRI with deep learning

An important step toward delivering an accurate connectome of the human brain is robust segmentation of 3D Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans, which is particularly challenging when carried out on perinatal data. In this paper, we present an automated, deep learning-based pipeline for accurate segmentation of tissues from neonatal brain MRI and extend it by introducing an age prediction pathway. A major constraint to using deep learning techniques on developing brain data is the need to collect large numbers of ground truth labels. We therefore also investigate two practical approaches that can help alleviate the problem of label scarcity without loss of segmentation performance. First, we examine the efficiency of different strategies of distributing a limited budget of annotated 2D slices over 3D training images. In the second approach, we compare the segmentation performance of pre-trained models with different strategies of fine-tuning on a small subset of preterm infants. Our results indicate that distributing labels over a larger number of brain scans can improve segmentation performance. We also show that even partial fine-tuning can be superior in performance to a model trained from scratch, highlighting the relevance of transfer learning strategies under conditions of label scarcity. We illustrate our findings on large, publicly available T1- and T2-weighted MRI scans (n = 709, range of ages at scan: 26–45 weeks) obtained retrospectively from the Developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP) cohort.
Spectrally resolved resonant propulsion of dielectric microspheres

Use of resonant light forces opens up a unique approach to high‐volume sorting of microspherical resonators with much higher uniformity of resonances compared to that in coupled‐cavity structures obtained by the best semiconductor technologies. In this work, the spectral response of the propulsion forces exerted on polystyrene microspheres near tapered microfibers is directly observed. The measurements are based on the control of the detuning between the tunable laser and internal resonances in each sphere with accuracy higher than the width of the resonances. The measured spectral shape of the propulsion forces correlates well with the whispering‐gallery mode resonances in the microspheres. The existence of a stable radial trap for the microspheres propelled along the taper is demonstrated. The giant force peaks observed for 20‐μm spheres are found to be in a good agreement with a model calculation demonstrating an efficient use of the light momentum for propelling the microspheres.
Plant NLRs: Evolving with pathogen effectors and engineerable to improve resistance

Pathogens are important threats to many plants throughout their lifetimes. Plants have developed different strategies to overcome them. In the plant immunity system, nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins (NLRs) are the most common components. And recent studies have greatly expanded our understanding of how NLRs function in plants. In this review, we summarize the studies on the mechanism of NLRs in the processes of effector recognition, resistosome formation, and defense activation. Typical NLRs are divided into three groups according to the different domains at their N termini and function in interrelated ways in immunity. Atypical NLRs contain additional integrated domains (IDs), some of which directly interact with pathogen effectors. Plant NLRs evolve with pathogen effectors and exhibit specific recognition. Meanwhile, some NLRs have been successfully engineered to confer resistance to new pathogens based on accumulated studies. In summary, some pioneering processes have been obtained in NLR researches, though more questions arise as a result of the huge number of NLRs. However, with a broadened understanding of the mechanism, NLRs will be important components for engineering in plant resistance improvement.
Relationship between lymph nodes examined and survival benefits with postoperative radiotherapy in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma patients with stage T1-2N1M0

Background This study aims to explore the relationship between the lymph nodes examined and survival benefits of postoperative radiotherapy in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma patients with stage T1-2N1M0. Methods This study retrieved patients who underwent dissection of the primary site and neck lymph nodes for pT1-2N1M0 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma without adverse nodal features from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 2004 to 2015. Propensity score matching analysis was conducted, and the best cutoff value of the lymph nodes examined was determined by X-tile. Cancer-specific survival was the primary outcome. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to assess the relation between postoperative radiotherapy and cancer-specific survival, adjusting for other prognostic factors. Results A total of 469 patients were finally enrolled according to our exclusion criteria, and then 119 pairs of patients were matched by propensity score matching analysis. The best cutoff value of the lymph nodes examined was determined by X-tile, stratifying patients into lymph nodes examined ≤16 group and lymph nodes examined >16 group. For the whole matched cohort, the choice of postoperative radiotherapy had no correlation with other factors (all p’s > 0.05), and postoperative radiotherapy made no contribution to a better survival outcome for patients (p = 0.289). After stratified by the lymph nodes examined, in the lymph nodes examined ≤16 group, significantly improved CSS was found for those who undertook postoperative radiotherapy compared to those who just received surgery (unadjusted hazard ratio, 0.541; 95% confidence interval, 0.333–0.878; p = 0.013). Conclusions Our study revealed that pT1-2N1M0 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma patients were more likely to benefit from postoperative radiotherapy when unsatisfactory neck dissection was conducted, indicating that the number of lymph nodes examined might be a factor when clinicians do therapeutic planning for early-stage oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma patients.
Optimal exogenous calcium alleviates the damage of Snow-melting agent to Salix matsudana seedlings

As the main component of snowmelt agents, NaCl is widely used in northern winters and significantly impacts the expected growth of garden plants in north China. Salix matsudana is also faced with salt stress caused by snowmelt, which seriously affects its development as the main tree species in the northern landscape. However, how exogenous calcium alleviates salt stress in Salix matsudana is not yet clear. In this study, the indicators of growth indices, photosynthetic characteristics and stress resistance were measured by hydroponic assays in combination with three NaCl conditions (0, 50 and 200 mmol·L-1) and five calcium concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mmol·L-1). The study’s results indicated that the application of exogenous calcium remarkably promoted the growth of Salix matsudana seedlings under NaCl stress. When the exogenous calcium concentration was 10 mmol·L-1, the plant height and basal diameter of Salix matsudana seedlings increased significantly, and the biomass of all parts reached the maximum (P< 0.05). Exogenous calcium can substantially improve the photosynthesis of Salix matsudana seedlings under salt stress. The photosynthetic parameters, photosynthetic pigment content and photosynthetic product synthesis of Salix matsudana seedlings were significantly increased at an exogenous calcium concentration of 10 mmol·L-1, and the photosynthetic level of Salix matsudana seedlings reached the highest value. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (F v /F m, F v /F 0) of Salix matsudana seedlings were significantly decreased under different concentrations of NaCl stress. The maximum photochemical efficiency (F v /F m) and potential photochemical efficiency (F v /F 0) of Salix matsudana seedlings peaked when the exogenous calcium concentration was 10 mmol·L-1, which was significantly higher than that of the other treatments (P< 0.05). The water use efficiency of Salix matsudana was affected considerably by NaCl stress. The WUE and iWUE peak values of Salix matsudana were significantly higher than those of other calcium concentrations at 10 mmol·L-1 (P< 0.05). Exogenous calcium can increase the activities of CAT, SOD and POD enzymes in Salix matsudana seedlings under different NaCl concentrations. Under NaCl stress, adding exogenous calcium promoted the survival rate and growth of Salix matsudana seedlings. In conclusion, the optimum exogenous calcium concentration for Salix matsudana seedlings was 10 mmol·L-1. High or low concentrations of exogenous calcium did not achieve the best results in alleviating salt stress in Salix matsudana.
The impact of music-imaginative pain treatment (MIPT) on psychophysical affect regulation – A single case study

Music-imaginative Pain Treatment (MIPT) is part of the multi-professional treatment plan for hospitalised patients in departments for psychosomatic medicine. MIPT is an intervention that encourages the patient to create music representing pain and relief from pain and promotes active engagement and self-reflection. This single case study of a 46-year-old female patient diagnosed with chronic pain disorder with somatic and psychological factors includes narrative, demographic, psychometric, and cardiophysiological data. During the interventions, early childhood stress, which is a risk factor for developing chronic pain, turns out to be a crucial focal point in therapy and conspicuous in her handling of the music. Social trauma is considered an appropriate concept for a deeper understanding of the case.
Efficacy of single-dose intravitreal dexamethasone implantation for retinal vein occlusion patients with refractory macular edema: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose: To assess the functional and anatomical consequences of single-dose dexamethasone (DEX) implants for the treatment of refractory macular edema (ME) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO) after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents. Methods: A literature search of studies on switching therapy to DEX implants from anti-VEGF agents in refractory RVO patients was performed with five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library) prior to January 2022. The main outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) changes at different follow-up endpoints from baseline. All analyses were performed using Stata version 15.0. Results: The final analysis included four eligible studies with a total of 99 patients. After single-dose DEX implant application, BCVA improved significantly at 2, 3, and 6 months with an average gain of −0.23 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) (p = 0.004), −0.20 logMAR (p = 0.027), and -0.09 logMAR (p = 0.021), respectively. Mean CMT reduction was also significant from baseline to 2 months (-241.89 μm, p < 0.001), 3 months (−222.61 μm, p < 0.001), and 6 months (−90.49 μm, p < 0.001). No serious adverse events were observed in any of the included studies. Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed that RVO patients with refractory ME could benefit significantly from switching therapy to DEX implantation, with efficacy lasting 6 months after a single-dose application. Intravitreal DEX implantation is a safe and effective option for refractory cases.
Exploring the risk factors for ischemic cerebrovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus: A single-center case-control study

Objectives Ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) is one of the most common and severe complications in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We aim to explore the risk factors for ICVD in SLE and to assess their associated clinical characteristics. Methods In this study, 44 lupus patients with ICVD (ICVD-SLE) and 80 age- and sex-matched lupus patients without ICVD (non-ICVD-SLE) who were hospitalized in our center between 2014 and 2021 were enrolled. A comprehensive set of clinical and socio-demographic data was recorded. In the ICVD-SLE group, the modified Rankin score (mRS) at 90 days after the occurrence of ICVD, the brain MRI, and arterial ultrasonography findings were collected. Group comparisons were made with continuous variables using an independent t-test or the Mann–Whitney test, and with categorical variables using the chi-square test or Fisher exact test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for ICVD in SLE. Patients with ICVD-SLE were divided into three subgroups according to the gradations of intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS). The subgroup comparisons were performed by one-way ANOVA test or Kruskal–Wallis test. Results Of the 44 patients with ICVD, 45% had a large-vessel ischemic stroke, 50% had a symptomatic lacunar stroke, and 9% had a transient ischemic attack. 2 (4.5%) had both large-vessel ischemic stroke and symptomatic lacunar stroke. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that cutaneous vasculitis (OR=7.36, 95% CI=2.11–25.65), anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) (OR=4.38, 95% CI=1.435–13.350), and lupus anticoagulant (LA) (OR=7.543,95% CI=1.789–31.808) were the risk factors, and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) therapy (OR=0.198, 95% CI=0.078–0.502) was the protective factor, after controlling for confounders. During the analysis of the subgroups, no significant difference was observed between the patients in the group without internal carotid arterial occlusion (ICAS) and those with severe ICAS except for diagnostic delay. However, patients in the moderate ICAS group were older when SLE occurred (P<0.01), had a longer diagnostic delay (P<0.01), a lower percentage of hypocomplementemia (P=0.05) and steroids and HCQ therapy (P=0.01, P=0.05, respectively), a trend toward lower mRS score, but a higher incidence of carotid atherosclerotic plaque (P<0.01), when compared with the other two subgroups. Conclusion Cutaneous vasculitis and antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) are associated with an increased risk of ICVD, while HCQ therapy may provide protection against ICVD in SLE. The ICVD in younger lupus patients is associated with complement-mediated inflammation and poorer outcome, and require immunosuppressive therapy, whereas the ICVD in elderly patients are characterized by moderate ICAS and carotid atherosclerotic plaques.