Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of two types of partial sleep deprivation on Taekwondo players’ performance during intermittent exercise

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of two types of partial sleep deprivation (PSD) on Taekwondo players’ intermittent aerobic performance. Ten male Taekwondo players performed the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (YYIRTL1) in three conditions in a counterbalanced order, allowing a recovery period ⩾36 h in between them: (A) following a full night of habitual sleep known as a reference normal sleep night (RN), (B) following PSD in the beginning of the night (PSDB), and (C) following partial sleep deprivation at the end of the night (PSDE). No significant difference was observed between the total distance covered inYYIRTL1 (TDYYIRTL1), heart rate peak (HRpeak), plasma lactate concentration, and rating of perceived exertion scale values recorded during YYIRTL1 after (RN), and the two types of PSD (PSDB and PSDE). In summary, the present study indicates that PSDB or PSDE does not alter the intermittent aerobic performance of Taekwondo players in the morning of the following day.
Modeling the influence of land use on groundwater chloride loading to lakes

Abstract Concern over potential ecological impacts of rising chloride concentrations in lakes has intensified interest in predicting how chloride concentrations in lakes will change over time. Since the 1970s, chloride concentrations have risen in a group of central Wisconsin lakes. The principal source of water to these lakes is groundwater, and rising chloride concentrations have coincided with increased chloride use within the groundwater contributing areas. A groundwater lake loading model was developed to show how chloride sources in groundwater-contributing areas change chloride concentrations in lakes. By using this model with measured chloride concentrations from the lakes, the chloride exported from different land uses was estimated. Chloride export from agricultural and residential land uses was estimated to be 41 kg/ha·yr and 51 kg/home·yr, respectively. Highway deicing was determined to be a minor source of chloride to these lakes due to the low density of primary roads. Chloride concentrations will increase in these lakes until they are at steady-state with respect to chloride loading. The groundwater lake loading model showed that concentrations in these lakes average 50% of their predicted steady-state concentrations, but individually they range from <10% to >90% of their ultimate concentrations.
Plan2Dance: Planning Based Choreographing from Music

The field of dancing robots has drawn much attention from numerous sources. Despite the success of previous systems on choreography for robots to dance with external stimuli, they are often either limited to a pre-defined set of movements or lack of considering “hard” relations among dancing motions. In the demonstration, we design a planning based choreographing system, which views choreography with music as planning problems and solve the problems with off-the-shelf planners. Our demonstration exhibits the effectiveness of our system via evaluating our system with various music.
Neural Dynamics and Gamma Oscillation on a Hybrid Excitatory-Inhibitory Complex Network (Student Abstract)

This paper investigates the neural dynamics and gamma oscillation on a complex network with excitatory and inhibitory neurons (E-I network), as such network is ubiquitous in the brain. The system consists of a small-world network of neurons, which are emulated by Izhikevich model. Moreover, mixed Regular Spiking (RS) and Chattering (CH) neurons are considered to imitate excitatory neurons, and Fast Spiking (FS) neurons are used to mimic inhibitory neurons. Besides, the relationship between synchronization and gamma rhythm is explored by adjusting the critical parameters of our model. Experiments visually demonstrate that the gamma oscillations are generated by synchronous behaviors of our neural network. We also discover that the Chattering(CH) excitatory neurons can make the system easier to synchronize.
AN EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEISURE CONSTRAINTS, INVOLVEMENT, AND COMMITMMENT

The purpose of the investigation was to examine the effect of constraints on the development of enduring involvement and commitment to a service provider. Two models were examined; (a) the first model had constraints as an antecedent of involvement and commitment, and (b) the second model had constraints mediating the relationship between involvement and commitment. Overall, these findings indicated that constraints inhibit the development of enduring involvement but not the development of individual preferences for specific service providers. In particular, Other Priorities which focused on respondents’ time commitments was the strongest predictor of involvement. As respondents’ scores on this component increased, their scores on all dimensions of involvement declined. Alternately, as respondents’ scores on the Setting Elements a measure of the condition encountered on site dimension increased, their scores on the Centrality dimension also increased. Finally, consistent with previous research involvement was an antecedent of commitment. As respondents’ involvement with the activity increased, so too did their emotional attachment to the service provider and its settings, their dependence on these settings, and their social bonds to the setting.
Narrowing the Gaps: Assessment of Logistics Firms’ Information Technology Flexibility for Sustainable Growth

In a supply chain management context, the effective management of Information Technology (IT) flexibility has been an issue to be resolved. However, no analytical method that calculates the required and actual level of IT flexibility dimensions has been proposed. This paper aims to provide an analytical tool that measures the required and actual levels of IT flexibility dimensions to provide the best value from a logistics firm’s IT flexibility. To do so, we propose a combined Importance‒Performance Analysis (IPA) and Partial Least Squared Structured Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) method based on a multidimensional IT flexibility model. By comparing industry-level data with client firm data, our method allows for effective identification of a client logistics company’s multiple IT flexibility gaps and indicates where particular management interventions are required. By proposing importance and performance as measurement scales, our research suggests an analytical tool that managers can utilize to assess IT flexibility and identify any gaps that exist between actual and required flexibility levels. This allows managers to effectively address areas that demand further attention. This approach also leads to an improved understanding of how organisations can extract the best value from their investment in IT flexibility to contribute to sustainable growth.
Yeast Lrg1p acts as a specialized RhoGAP regulating 1,3‐β‐glucan synthesis

Selection of an extragenic suppressor of fks1‐1154 Δfks2, mutations in the catalytic subunits of yeast 1,3‐β‐glucan synthase (GS) conferring temperature‐sensitivity, led to the LRG1 gene, which was originally identified as a LIM‐RhoGAP homologous gene. Mutations in the LRG1 gene restore impaired 1,3‐β‐glucan synthesis in the fks1‐1154 Δfks2 mutant as well as that in rho1‐2, a temperature‐sensitive mutant of Rho‐type GTPase that functions as a regulatory subunit of GS. Two‐hybrid analyses of Lrg1p, which contains a sequence conserved among Rho GTPase‐activating proteins (GAPs), revealed its specific interactions with the active form of Rho1p. Among eight potential yeast RhoGAPs, Lrg1p is the only member that negatively regulates GS activity: mutations in the rest of GAPs, including bem2, Δbem3, Δsac7, Δbag7, Δrga1, Δrga2 and Δrgd1, do not suppress impairment of 1,3‐β‐glucan synthesis. Analyses of Mpk1p phosphorylation revealed the inability of Lrg1p to regulate the Pkc1p–MAP kinase cascade, a distinct Rho1p‐regulating signalling pathway known to be affected by the GAPs, Bem2p and Sac7p. Thus, different groups of Rho1p GAPs control the activity of different Rho1p‐effector proteins. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trap height and capture success of arboreal small mammals: Evidence from southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans)

Studies of small mammals often use live traps, but the effect of different trapping heights on capture effectiveness of arboreal mammals has not been directly addressed. We compared the capture success of three trap heights ({open_quotes}low{close_quotes} = 2m, {open_quotes}medium{close_quotes} = 4.5-5m, and {open_quotes}high{close_quotes} high = 8-8.5 m) in capturing arboreal mammals. Southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) constituted 86% of the captures. Low traps captured approximately half as many squirrels (15) as either medium (30) or high traps (28), and individual squirrels were recaptured at a single trap height more often than expected based on chance. Traps at the three heights exhibited significantly heterogeneity in initially capturing individual flying squirrels (i.e., previously unmarked squirrels). The hypothesis that trap height does not affect capture success of southern flying squirrels in southern forests during the summer is rejected. The general importance of trap height in studies of mammalian community ecology and conservation is discussed. 32 refs., 4 tabs.
Dental diseases and loss of teeth in a group of Finnish alcoholics: a radiological study

A total of 85 Finnish alcohol-dependent subjects and 53 controls were studied with panoramic radiography. The aim was to study the possible associations between prolonged alcohol consumption and dental health. The mean number of teeth, caries lesions, endodontic treatments, periapical lesions, marginal bone loss, and periodontal infrabony pockets was studied. The subjects met the diagnostic criteria of alcohol dependence as set out in DSM-IV and ICD-10. The control group comprised social drinking volunteers with an AUDIT score h 8. For the final results the subjects were divided into groups on the basis of sex and age. The social backgrounds of the subjects were similar, except for employment and smoking. The results show significantly fewer teeth and more caries in the alcoholic group. There was a tendency for the alcoholics <45 years of age to have more endodontically treated teeth than the controls, but no difference in the number of periapical lesions in endodontically treated teeth was found. Horizontal bone loss and the presence of calculus were more frequent in alcoholic men than in alcoholic women. Significantly more horizontal bone loss was observed in the group of alcoholic nonsmokers than in nonalcoholic nonsmokers. In the nonsmoking groups alcoholics had significantly more periodontal destruction than the nonsmoking controls. We conclude that radiological dental health among individuals dependent on alcohol is weakened by more caries, more horizontal bone loss, and more numerous vertical infrabony pockets than social drinkers.
Correlation of atrophy measures on MRI with neuropsychological sequelae in children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury

To examine the relationship between neuropsychological sequelae and atrophy parameters from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following paediatric moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), 19 head-injured children and adolescents were studied at least 6 years after injury. Three-dimensional MRI scans were obtained. A semi-automatic computerized method was used to estimate ventricular volumes and the corpus callosum area. Tests of intellectual, memory, visuospatial, frontal lobe, and motor speed functioning were administered to all patients and to 19 matched normal control subjects. Patients' performance significantly differed from controls in general intellectual function, visual memory, visuospatial and frontal lobe tests. The corpus callosum area correlated strongly with several measures involving processing speed and visuospatial function. Ventricular enlargement was less related to neuropsychological outcome. In conclusion, quantitative measurement of the corpus callosum on MRI reflects neuropsychological outcome better than ventricular dilation in paediatric patients.
Extraction and PCR of DNA From Parasitoid Wasps That Have Been Chemically Dried

Two species of parasitic wasp, Venturia canescens and Leptomastix dactylopii, were dried from alcohol using a range of methods proposed as chemical alternatives to critical point drying, i.e. hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), amyl acetate, xylene, methyl cellusolve and acetone vapour. Also, fresh specimens of V. canescens were dried using acetone vapour, first as a fixative and then as a drying agent. Total genomic DNA was subsequently extracted and a 524 bp fragment of the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplified by PCR. This indicated that all of these drying techniques yielded high‐quality DNA which was amenable to PCR. the success of chemicals like HMDS as alternate rapid drying methods for wasps and other insects means that they are likely to replace critical point drying (CPD) of museum specimens in the near future. Importantly, the results from this study show that specimens, dried from alcohol using chemical techniques, are a good potential source of DNA for molecular systematics projects.
Using model analysis to design monitoring programs for landscape management and impact assessment.

While ecologists have long recognized the key role of monitoring programs in natural-resource management, we have only recently come to appreciate the logistical difficulties of designing powerful yet efficient schemes for monitoring large, heterogeneous landscapes. Such designs are especially challenging if the signal to be monitored is uncertain, such as in the case of ecosystem response to climate change. I illustrate an approach in which a simulation model is used to design a monitoring scheme that focuses on application-specific sensitivities or uncertainties. Formal model analysis defines these sensitivities in the model's parameter space. These parametric domains are then mapped into geographic space by regressing model sensitivity on terrain variables in a geographic information system. Specific sites for monitoring are then selected by sampling with a two-stage stratified-cluster design from these parametrically sensitive or uncertain locations. As an example, I use a forest simulation model to d.
Studies on the physiology of the nematodes of the alimentary canal of sheep

An investigation was made of certain aspects of the physiology of nematodes from the alimentary canal of sheep. Cellulose digestion has apparently no effect on the nematodes. The composition and concentration of a physiological saline solution suitable for Ostertagia circumcincta—and possibly for the other species—was determined. The effect of acidity on the intestinal worms showed that they could not live in the abomasum because the acidity in this chamber would be too great. O. circumcincta could not inhabit the stomach of horses, and carnivores, or the abomasum of cattle, in all of which the acidity reaches a level lethal to this species. A graph is given showing the distribution of the nematodes in the small intestine of the sheep. After a study of the effect of bile salts on the different species its influence in determining this distribution is discussed. A discussion of the evidence relating to the food of nematodes of the alimentary tract led to the conclusion that even species with rudimentary buccal capsules might suck blood; on the other hand, the results from the benzidine tests and spectroscopic examinations indicate that the haemoglobin demonstrated in nematodes is synthesized by them. It was shown that O. circumcincta does not probably feed on abomasal contents. Bacterial difficulties hampering these experiments were overcome by using an apparatus whereby the contents of the abomasum could be percolated over the worms. The latter had been surface-sterilized with acriflavine solution. All attempts to feed the nematodes on serum, defibrinated blood, and blood digests failed. Bacteria again constituted a difficulty, but it is suggested that the failure is not entirely due to them, and that perhaps the tissues of the host must be incorporated into the media.
Distribution and host-parasite check-list of the haematozoa of birds in Western Europe

Summary A survey of the literature published between 1890–1978 on the avian haematozoa of Western Europe has shown that 15 000 birds representing 225 species, 132 genera and 44 families were examined. 4356 birds were infected with one or more parasites of the genera Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon, Plasmodium, Trypanosoma, Toxoplasma, Atoxoplasma (Lankesterella), Hepatozoon and Babesia. An annotated host-parasite check-list is presented which shows the regional distribution of the parasites recorded for each species of bird. Tables are given indicating the total numbers of birds for each species examined, those infected with each parasite genus and the overall totals for individual countries. These are discussed in relation to regional differences in numbers of birds examined and prevalence of individual parasite groups. Brief mention is made of the relationship between trans-Saharan migrants and their parasites.
BALANCING RECRUITMENT AND PROTECTION: Children as Research Subjects

Since 1994, federal guidelines for research in the United States have called for the inclusion of special populations, among them, children, in clinical research (National Institutes of Health, 1998). While the guidelines are intended to assure the fair distribution of research benefits to children, this federal mandate has created an ethical dilemma for researchers. Health professionals involved in research with children are called on to balance improving access and recruitment of children for clinical trials with the need to protect this very vulnerable population. Given this balancing act, it is important for nurseÂresearchers to be familiar with the issues of informed consent and assent with children. Our article reviews instances of exploitation of children in research, laws and federal regulations on informed consent and assent designed to protect children, and research on factors that affect children's capacity to consent/ assent. We conclude with recommendations to assure a proper balance between the need to recruit children into clinical trials and the need to protect their rights as human subjects.
Chromosome Numbers and Meiotic Studies in Ribes

1. Chromosome numbers of 60 species of the genus Ribes determined by the author, together with the work of others, are given in tables 1 and 2. New determinations of 50 species are reported. 2. A chromosome number of 2n = 16 was observed in all available species of Ribes. This number agrees with all previous chromosome numbers reported in the literature. In meiotic studies on 9 species the 16 chromosomes always associated as eight bivalents. Karyological differences are not conspicuous in the somatic chromosomes of this genus. 3. Speciation has not proceeded from, or been accompanied by, aneuploid change in Ribes. Nor has polyploidy played a role in the evolution of Ribes species. Evolutionary divergence and isolation mechanisms have been due principally to genetic factors. 4. Data presented do not support the hypothesis of Vaarama that the basic phylogenetic chromosome number for Ribes is 4. On the contrary, the data on chromosome number, morphology, and meiotic associations lend support to the rather widely accepted basic chromosome number of x = 8.
Two independent biochemical pathways for isopentenyl diphosphate and isoprenoid biosynthesis in higher plants

In the early times of isoprenoid research, a single pathway was found for the formation of the C5 monomer, isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP), and this acetate/mevalonate pathway was supposed to occur ubiquitously in all living organisms. Now, 40 years later, a totally different IPP biosynthesis route has been detected in eubacteria, green algae and higher plants. In this new pathway glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP) and pyruvate are precursors of isopentenyl diphosphate, but not acetyl-CoA and mevalonic acid. In green tissues of three higher plants it was shown that all chloroplastbound isoprenoids (β-carotene, phytyl chains of chlorophylls and nona-prenyl chain of plastoquinone-9) are formed via the GAP/pyruvate pathway, whereas the cytoplasmic sterols are formed via the acetate/mevalonate pathway. Also, isoprene, emitted by various plants at high light conditions by action of the plastid-bound isoprene synthase, is formed via the new GAP/pyruvate pathway. Thus, in higher plants, there exist two separate and biochemically different IPP biosynthesis pathways: (1) the novel alternative GAP/pyruvate pathway apparently bound to the plastidic compartment and (2) the classical cytoplasmic acetate/mevalonate pathway. This new GAP/pyruvate pathway for IPP formation allows a reasonable interpretation of previous odd results concerning the biosynthesis of chloroplast isoprenoids, which, so far, had mainly been interpreted assuming compartmentation differences. The novel GAP/pyruvate pathway for IPP formation in plastids appears as a heritage of their prokaryotic, endosymbiotic ancestors.
Peroxidic antimalarials

This review provides an update of significant advances in the discovery of peroxidic antimalarial agents, covering the patent and corresponding scientific literature from late 1998 to early 2001. Many efforts have been directed towards producing new chemical entities with enhanced chemical stability and oral activity. In addition, new strategies are being explored, such as polychemotherapy and chimeric therapy, which may hold considerable promise in fighting drug resistance. Providing drug candidates with appropriate physicochemical, pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutical properties presents an enormous challenge for the current antimalarial research enterprise, which lacks significant industrial input.
Enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in root‐nodule bacteria during growth on acetate

The key enzymes of the Embden‐Meyerhof‐Parnas (EMP), Entner‐Doudoroff (ED) and pentose phosphate (PP) pathways as well as those of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and gluconeogenesis were assayed in the cells of Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium grown on acetate. Except for glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, the activities of all the enzymes of the EMP, ED and PP pathways were found to be low in acetate grown cells in the present study as compared to those of glucose grown cells reported by us earlier (Mandal and Chakrabartty 1993) indicating a probable repression of the enzymes. The enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle were detected in high levels in the acetate grown cells of the root‐nodule bacteria. The operation of the glyoxylate pathway for acetate metabolism in the root‐nodule bacteria were reported previously by us (Mandal and Chakrabartty 1992). The evidences taken together point to the simultaneous operation of both the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle for acetate metabolism in these bacteria.
Sociodemographic, physical, and psychosocial characteristics of depressed and non-depressed family caregivers of stroke survivors

A variety of sociodemographic, physical, and psychosocial variables are linked to depressive behaviour in family caregivers. This study was conducted to determine the best predictors of caregiver depression at onset of the caregiver role among persons providing care to a stroke survivor. The relative contributions of stroke survivor and caregiver sociodemographic characteristics, as well as caregiver general health, physical functioning, social support, life satisfaction, preparedness, and reaction in the prediction of depression status, were examined. A correlational study of 52 primary family caregivers of individuals who had a cerebrovascular accident was conducted. General health and physical functioning scales from the SF-36, and measures of caregiver social support, life satisfaction, preparedness, and reaction were used. Caregiver depression was best predicted by lower life satisfaction, lower physical functioning, and a lack of tangible social support.