Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Healing effect of a fibrin-based scaffold loaded with platelet lysate in full-thickness skin wounds

Chronic skin lesions are difficult to heal due to reduced levels and activity of endogenous growth factors. The platelet lysate, obtained by repeated freeze–thawing of platelet-enriched blood samples, is an easily attainable source of a wide range of growth factors and bioactive mediators involved in tissue repair. In this study, a bio-synthetic scaffold composed of poly(ether)urethane–polydimethylsiloxane material and fibrin was developed for platelet lysate delivery to chronic skin wounds. The kinetics release and the bioactivity of growth factors released from platelet lysate–loaded poly(ether)urethane–polydimethylsiloxane–fibrin scaffold were investigated, respectively, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a cell proliferation test using human fibroblasts. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that the platelet lysate–loaded poly(ether)urethane–polydimethylsiloxane–fibrin scaffold provides a sustained release of platelet derived growth factors. The cell growth in the presence of scaffold was comparable to those observed for the platelet lysate added to culture medium in free form, showing that the scaffold preparation process did not affect biological activity of growth factors. The effect of platelet lysate–loaded poly(ether)urethane–polydimethylsiloxane–fibrin scaffold on wound healing in genetically diabetic mouse (db/db) was also investigated. The application of the scaffold on full-thickness skin wounds significantly accelerated wound closure at day 15 post-surgery compared with control poly(ether)urethane–polydimethylsiloxane–fibrin scaffold (without platelet lysate) or a commercially available polyurethane film dressing. Histological analysis demonstrated an increased re-epithelialization, granulation tissue formation, and collagen deposition. The ability of the platelet lysate–loaded poly(ether)urethane–polydimethylsiloxane–fibrin scaffold to promote wound healing in vivo through simultaneous delivery of multiple active substances suggests its potential use for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.
In situ estimation of indigestible compounds contents in cattle feed and feces using bags made from different textiles

ABSTRACT - The objective of this experiment was to evaluate estimates of concentration of indigestible dry matter(iDM), indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) and indigestible acid detergent fiber (iADF) in samples of cattle feed andfeces processed at different particle sizes (1-, 2-, and 3-mm) using bags made from nylon (50 μm), F57 (Ankom ® ), and non-woven textile (NWT – 100 g/m²) in a in situ evaluation procedure. Eight samples of concentrates, seven samples of foragesand two samples of cattle feces were used. The samples were put in the bags according to a ratio of 20 mg of dry matter/cm²of surface by using three bags of each textile for each size of particle, totaling 405 bags, which were submitted to ruminalincubation for 264 hours. The contents of indigestible compounds in the samples were evaluated sequentially. Blank bags wereused for microscopic evaluation of textile physical integrity and for evaluation of the physical resistance. The presence ofcontaminants caused high variability of results of iDM, indicating that its using as internal marker should not be recommended.By using the textiles F57 and NWT, similar estimates for contents of iNDF and iADF were obtained whereas by using nylon(50 μm), the concentration of iNDF was underestimated, possibly because of loss of particles due to its porosity. Nylonpresented loss of resistance in all analytical stages, expanding its probality of rupture, especially after extraction with aciddetergent. For
When climate change affects where birds sing

Recent changes in temperature and precipitation have implications for transmission and excess attenuation of sounds, with important consequences for the choice of vocal display sites by animals. Birds typically sing from within or at the top of the vegetation, and the relative height of such song posts varies consistently among species. I estimated relative height of positions in the vegetation used by singing birds in 1986--1989 and again in 2010 after spring and summer temperatures had increased by 20% and precipitation by 30%, predicting that these changes would increase the height of song post positions. Average song post height increased by 18% or 1.2 m during the study. Because the increase in song post height should depend on relative costs and benefits of such change, I predicted that sexually dichromatic species and species with increasing populations and hence intense intraspecific competition for mates should cause increases in song post height, whereas high predation risk by the sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus should prevent increases in song post height because sparrowhawks preferentially prey on birds high in the vegetation. That was indeed the case. These results suggest that display sites for singing birds can change rapidly, with potential consequences for optimal design of songs, variance in mating success, and predator--prey interactions. Copyright 2011, Oxford University Press.
Flexible Packaging of Foods

We may not be able to make you love reading, but flexible packaging of foods will lead you to love reading starting from now. Book is the window to open the new world. The world that you want is in the better stage and level. World will always guide you to even the prestige stage of the life. You know, this is some of how reading will give you the kindness. In this case, more books you read more knowledge you know, but it can mean also the bore is full.
Primers for sequence characterization and polymorphism detection in the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) growth hormone 1 (GH1) gene

We report the identification of intraspecific sequence variation in the Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) growth hormone 1 gene. Rapid and inexpensive assays for polymorphism detection were developed for 10 sites. Five of the assays detected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR– RFLP) analyses, and five were indel polymorphisms, detected using fragment length analyses. The average within population frequency of the most common allele varied from 0.52 to 0.90, and the average within population heterozygosity varied from 0.02 to 0.37 in seven European salmon populations.
Female dispersal, inbreeding avoidance and mate choice in Thomas langurs (Presbytis thomasi)

Female social dispersal in primates differs from the general mammalian pattern of locational dispersal. Both nulliparous and parous females may disperse to another group. Several hypotheses can explain female social dispersal: reduction of predation risk, inbreeding avoidance, and offspring protection through mate choice. We tested these hypotheses with an extended data set of Thomas langurs (Presbytis thomasi) and investigated parameters of male behaviour that females may use in their dispersal decisions. Data were collected over a 12.5-year period from a wild population in Sumatra, Indonesia, allowing for some critical tests of the hypotheses. Females dispersed to a group smaller than their original one, thereby refuting the predation risk hypothesis. Maturing nulliparous females only dispersed when their father was resident. Therefore, dispersal by nulliparous females was best explained through inbreeding avoidance. Parous females transferred to young, adult males. These males provided better protection to offspring against predation and infanticide than the old, late tenure males. Therefore, females transfer to better protector males. The male behavioural cues that females use to assess male quality were unclear. Females, however, may use proxies of male age, such as group composition and acoustical characteristics of loud calls, as indicators of male quality. The results suggest that female mate choice is an important function of social dispersal by parous females. Its importance in locational dispersal remains to be investigated.
An ultrastructural study of the stylet pathway of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens

A la suite d'etude des potentiels electriques apres penetration des stylets d'insectes dans les membranes cellulaires de la plante, le cheminement du stylet de N.l. a ete etudie en microscopie electronique afin de determiner le mode de penetration de ce stylet
Single strand conformation polymorphism detection in alpha-lactalbumin gene of Indian Jakhrana milk goats

Abstract Alpha-lactalbumin (α-LA) (ALA), one of the two major whey proteins, is strongly correlated with the nutritional value and the functional properties of whey and whey products. The genetic variations of ALA gene in Jakhrana Goat breed (Capra hircus) were investigated using an optimized non-radioactive polymerase chain reaction–single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR–SSCP) analysis of four amplified fragments covering all four exons of the gene. A total of eight SSCPs patterns were detected in three of these exons in a sample of 50 Jakhrana goats, indicating that this breed has high genetic variability in the ALA gene. This result opens interesting prospects for future breeding programs and conservation strategies. These ALA gene variants can be sequenced and screened in the entire population to develop single nucleotide polymorphisms for association studies with different productive and reproductive performances and marker assisted selection. In addition, our data show that PCR–SSCP is an appropriate tool for evaluating genetic variability.
Temporal Dynamics of Genes Involved in Metabolic Pathways of C and N of L. ferriphilum, in the Industrial Bioleaching Process of Escondida Mine, Chile

The structure of the microbial community inhabiting the copper bioleaching heap at Escondida mine has been systematically monitored since the operation was started up (2006), using biomolecular and microbiological analyses. Recent molecular analyses showed that L. ferriphilum was one of the most abundant organisms in the process during year 2012. In order to study the biological dynamics of carbon and nitrogen in the process, the expression levels of thirteen genes of L. ferriphilum were analyzed by RT-qPCR. The 16S rRNA and alaS genes were used as reference, and two relative quantification methods (ΔΔct and and Pffafl) were applied to estimate the relative expression levels of metabolic genes. On the day 110 of operation, a significant increment in the expression level of one gene involved in the cycle of tricarboxilic acids (2-oxoglutarate-acceptor oxidoreductase, oorA) was detected. By other hand, the expression level of two genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism (glgP, Glycogen phosphorilase, and glgA, Glycogen synthase) gradually increased, as the operation time progressed. The expression levels of genes involved in the fixation and assimilation of nitrogen increased at later stages of the process. A significant increase of the expression level of the gene annotated for Nitrogenase iron protein (nifH) was detected on the day 185 of operation. The opposite trend was observed for the gene annotated as Ammonium transporter protein (amt), as an elevated expression level was observed in earlier stages to suddenly decrease on the day 185 of operation, suggesting a change of the nitrogen source. In agreement with molecular quantitative analyses, this work confirmed that L. ferriphilum was an active member of the community during the period studied. This work gives new insights into biological dynamics of carbon and nitrogen, and suggests the potential guidelines to enhance the efficiency of biological components in industrial heap bioleaching processes.
Who Dares, Wins: the Function and Evolution of Predator Inspection Behaviour in Shoaling Fish

This paper examines the experimental evidence which underpins our current understanding of inspection behaviour in fish shoals, and reviews ideas about how predator inspection behaviour could have evolved. For fish which are vulnerable to attack in the presence of a predator, inspection is critical in the recognition of danger and in the precise assessment of risk on a second-to-second time scale. Up to a threshold, inspection rates increase with danger, partly because new fish in the shoal begin to inspect. Inspection appears to have a genetic basis, although experience with predators during development can fine-tune it. Inspection is evidently a risky business, as shown indirectly by attack-cone avoidance and directly by predator strikes in experiments. An appraisal of the current state of a predator is transferred from inspectors to other individuals in the group: we do not know whether such information transfer is active or passive, or whether it involves an element of manipulation. In multispecies groups, some species seem to benefit from the inspection of others. There are large individual differences in inspection, so groups probably comprise two types of individuals with differing trade-offs between risk and information. A key question is how such apparently altruistic behaviour can have evolved. Among putative functions which have been examined, inspection seems to facilitate anticipation of attack, but hypotheses of attack inhibition, attack invitation, and approach conditional on danger have not been supported unequivocally by experimental results. The tit-for-tat strategy of alternating cooperation between pairs of fish is a strong candidate explanation for inspection, but frequent observations of singletons and large groups inspecting are not easily compatible with tit-for-tat. The reason for the anomaly may be that inspection is opportunistic: depending on the circumstances, inspecting individuals may choose from a range of mechanisms that mitigate risk of attack. Risk dilution (safety in numbers) operates to form large inspecting groups when perceived risk is high, and cannot be entirely ruled out as an explanation for behaviour in other sizes of shoals. Singletons may bear the costs of inspection alone in order to manipulate the rest of the group to their advantage. Through rapid serial repetition of a standard act at a rate proportional to perceived danger, inspection may itself be an easily detected, discriminated and remembered signal. Its unhurried form may reflect the evolution of deception and self-deception in shoaling fish.
EFFECTS OF EMULSIFIERS ON CRYSTALLIZATION PROPERTIES OF LOW‐MELTING BLENDS OF PALM OIL AND OLEIN

The effects of sorbitan tristearate (STS) and soy lecithin on palm oil and on palm olein blends with low slip melting points for fluidized palm oil formulation, by temperature cycling, were studied. The dispersion of crystals in the liquid influenced the viscosity and the solid fat content (SFC) of the product at the end of the temperature cycling treatment. The fluidized palm oil formulations were melted at 80C. STS and lecithin were added; the formulation was cooled at 20C for 80 min, was heated at 30C for 45 min and was cooled again at 20C for 30 min to reproduce the production temperatures of fluid shortening. The crystal development, SFC and viscosity were determined. Fine crystal aggregates were produced using 0.09% STS and 0.03% lecithin. Generally, however, lecithin produced uniform crystal aggregates. Crystal growth in the absence of emulsifier was limited, while the addition of emulsifiers increased the growth. Lecithin produced higher SFC than STS at 0.03%. STS was a crystal inhibitor in blends with much lower melting triacylglycerol. Lecithin and STS had little effect on viscosity: 0.06 and 0.09%, respectively. Thus, emulsifiers could be useful agents for controlling crystallization in fluidized palm oil formulations.
Tradeoffs and scaling of functional traits in Sphagnum as drivers of carbon cycling in peatlands

Growth and decomposition of Sphagnum controls turnover of a large global store of soil organic carbon. We investigated variation in morphological and physiological traits of Sphagnum shoots, and related this variation to canopy variables relevant to peatland carbon cycling. We sampled Sphagnum along a bog plateau-swamp forest gradient and measured a suite of shoot traits and canopy variables. Major axes of variation were identified using principal component analysis and correlated with canopy variables such as growth, biomass and decomposition. We also examined scaling of shoot traits with one another and with canopy variables. Two distinct tradeoffs in shoot traits emerged. From dry to wet habitats, individual metabolic rates and capitulum size increased while numerical density decreased, leading to faster growth and elongation on an individual basis. From treed to open habitats, photosynthetic efficiency decreased and photosynthetic biomass increased, driving faster growth on an area basis and slower litter mass loss. The tradeoffs identified have important implications for peatlands undergoing climate-related changes in water and light availability. Sphagnum trait comparisons, combined with scaling analyses, offer a promising approach to understanding and predicting the effects of environmental change on peatland carbon cycling.
Usefulness of a Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Response Test to Demonstrate Rapid Onset Analgesia with Phenytoin 10% Cream in Polyneuropathy

Purpose Topical analgesics are an upcoming treatment option for neuropathic pain. In this observational study, we performed a double-blind placebo-controlled response test (DOBRET) in patients with polyneuropathy to determine the personalized analgesic effect of phenytoin 10% cream. Patients and Methods In a double-blind fashion, 12 consecutive adult patients with symmetrical painful polyneuropathy and equal pain intensity of ≥4 on the 11-point numerical rating scale (NRS) applied phenytoin10% cream on one painful area and a placebo cream on the corresponding contralateral area. We defined responders as patients who experienced a pain reduction ≥2 NRS points from baseline and ≥1 NRS point difference in pain reduction in favour of phenytoin 10% cream compared with placebo cream within 30 minutes after application. We also evaluated the percentage of pain reduction and frequency of 30% and 50% pain relief from baseline. Results Six patients (50%) were responders. Compared with placebo cream, pain reduction was higher in phenytoin 10% cream-applied areas with mean difference in pain reduction of 1.3 (95% CI: 1.1 to 1.8; p<0.001) on the NRS and mean percentage difference in pain reduction of 22% (95% CI: 13% to 32%; p =0.03). All responders had at least 30% pain reduction, and 4 out of 6 had at least 50% pain reduction in the phenytoin 10% cream applied area. All non-responders had less than 30% pain reduction. No side effects were reported. Conclusion A DOBRET is easy to perform, quickly identifies an analgesic effect in responders and could be a useful tool to personalize neuropathic pain treatment with topical formulations.
MiR-27a-3p Regulated the Aggressive Phenotypes of Cervical Cancer by Targeting FBXW7

Background Abnormally expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) contribute greatly to the initiation and development of human cancers, including cervical cancer, by regulating the target mRNAs. MiR-27a-3p was up-regulated and acted as an oncogene in multiple cancers. However, the function of miR-27a-3p in cervical cancer has not been fully understood. Methods The expression of miR-27a-3p in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines was detected by RT-pPCR. MTT assay, colony formation assay and flow cytometry analysis were performed to determine the effects of miR-27a-3p on the growth of cervical cancer cells. The targets of miR-27a-3p were predicted using the miRDB database. Luciferase reporter assay was utilized to confirm the binding between miR-27a-3p and the 3ʹ-untranslated region (UTR) of targets. The expression of target proteins was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Results Our results found that miR-27a-3p was overexpressed in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines. Down-regulation of miR-27a-3p significantly inhibited the proliferation, colony formation and promoted apoptosis of cervical cancer cells. Overexpression of miR-27a-3p enhanced the cell proliferation. miR-27a-3p was found to bind the 3ʹ-UTR of F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBXW7) and resulted in the down-regulation of FBXW7. The up-regulated level of miR-27a-3p was inversely correlated with that of FBXW7 in cervical cancer tissues. Additionally, reintroducing of FBXW7 significantly attenuated the promoting effect of miR-27a-3p on the proliferation of cervical cancer cells. Conclusion These results indicated the growth-promoting function of miR-27a-3p in cervical cancer via targeting FBXW7. Our finding suggested the potential application of miR-27a-3p/FBXW7 axis in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer.
Study on chemical and fatty acid modifications of cow’s milk in relation to fat globules diameter

Riassunto Studio delle modificazioni delle caratteristiche chimiche ed acidiche del latte bovino in relazione alle dimensioni dei globuli di grasso. In questo studio è stato rilevato come la maggiore presenza nel latte di globuli di grasso con diametro inferiore a 6 µm risulti correlata positivamente alla percentuale di sostanza secca e lipidi, mentre la presenza di globuli con diametro superiore a tale valore favorirebbe una maggiore produzione di latte, una percentuale più elevata di lattosio, sostanza secca magra e ceneri. In relazione al contenuto in acidi grassi, latti con percentuali più elevate di globuli al di sotto del valore di 6 µm tenderebbero ad essere più ricchi in acidi grassi insaturi C18:1, C18:2 e CLA, mentre globuli di grasso di dimensioni superiori favorirebbero una prevalenza di acidi grassi saturi (C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, C20:0, C21:0, C22:0), oltre che di C20:2 e C18:3 ω3. Sulla base di questi risultati il diametro dei globuli di grasso pari a 6 µm potrebbe essere considerato come “valore soglia” per la definizione di alcune caratteristiche qualitative del latte bovino.
The Effects of Natural Antioxidant Extract Isolated from Giant Red Shrimp (Aristaeomorpha foliacea) Shells on Fatty Acid Profiles of Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) During Refrigerated Storage

The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of natural antioxidant extract isolated from the shells of giant red shrimp (Aristaeomorpha foliacea) on the changes in fatty acid profile of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) during refrigerated storage (2.7°C). Total antioxidant activity of shell extract was determined as 45.84%, total phenolic compound as 17.87 mg/100 g shell, and total carotenoid content in shell as 20.31 mg/100 g shell. Total saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents in the control group and the group with 0.1% shell extract addition were found to be affected by the duration of storage (p < 0.05). A percentage increase was determined in MUFA content, while decreases were observed in PUFA content. No statistically significant change was detected in SFA, MUFA, and PUFA contents of groups with added butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and 0.5% of shell extract (p > 0.05). It was concluded that the extract isolated from shrimp shells could be used during the cold storage of fish fillets instead of synthetic antioxidants.