Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early inflammatory response in periparturient sows to experimentally induced Escherichia coli mastitis

The overall objective of the present work was to monitor the induction of some key factors involved in the early inflammatory response in the mammary gland of periparturient sows to experimentally induced Escherichia coli (E. coli) mastitis. We wanted to gain a better understanding of why some sows develop clinical signs of mastitis, while others remain clinically healthy. Concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and the acute-phase protein (APP) serum amyloid A (SAA) in blood increased in sows following intramammary E. coli inoculation as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in blood were higher in sows that developed clinical signs of mastitis than in sows that remained clinically healthy after inoculation. Notably, immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of biopsy specimen revealed that some baseline production of cytokines took place in normal mammary glands of pregnant sows, and that sows that developed clinical signs of mastitis had significantly lower baseline production of IL-1beta than did sows that remained clinically healthy. Twenty-four hours after inoculation, there was an increase in the production of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha in the inoculated mammary glands of sows that developed clinical signs of mastitis. By contrast, sows that remained clinically healthy did not show increased production of IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in the inoculated mammary glands. However, at the mRNA level there was an increase in the expression of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha also in these sows. The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 mRNA expression increased in the inoculated mammary glands 24 hours after inoculation, and it was higher in the inoculated mammary glands of sows that developed clinical signs of mastitis compared with sows that remained clinically healthy, while the expression of another anti-inflammatory cytokine, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1) mRNA was unaltered, as was mRNA expression for the IL-1 receptor type I (IL-1R1). In addition, the pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) mRNA expression increased in the inoculated as well as the non-inoculated mammary glands of sows that developed clinical signs of mastitis and of sows that remained clinically healthy. However, TLR2 mRNA expression was higher in the inoculated mammary glands than in the non-inoculated mammary glands of sows that remained clinically healthy. The findings of the present study suggest that IL-6 and/or TNF-alpha in blood could be used as markers for identification of periparturient sows with coliform mastitis, and that development of clinical symptoms of coliform mastitis is associated with the degree of local production of regulatory cytokines in response to intramammary E. coli inoculation.
Poultry meat as a source of human salmonellosis in England and Wales

In England and Wales human salmonellosis is a major public health problem and, although mortality is low, the disease has important social and economic consequences. All surveillance indicators suggest that an epidemic of unprecedented proportions is occurring. Between 1081 and 1980 the number of strains received for serotyping by the Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS) Division of Enteric Pathogens has increased by 60% (Table 1). This is predominantly due to strains of Salmonella typhimurium and S. enteritidis. Smaller but significant increases have occurred in the numbers of S. virchow and S. Stanley. With the exception of the latter serotype, which seems to come from a bovine reservoir, the indications aro that poultry is the main source of the increase in infections.
Impaired recognition of fear in a Chinese man with bilateral cingulate and unilateral amygdala damage

LJM, a 41-year-old schizophrenic Chinese man with bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus (Brodmann's area 24) lesions and also a small lesion in right amygdala after an operation, was compared with normal as well as brain-damaged and schizophrenic controls in identification of morphed facial expressions of six basic emotions. In repeated administrations of the test for recognition of facial emotions, over a 1- year period, LJM performed significantly worse for expressions of fear compared with the three groups of controls. Recognition of other emotions was not significantly different from that of the controls, except that his recognition of disgust during the first session (but not in two subsequent sessions) was worse than normal and brain-damaged controls but not worse than schizophrenic controls. The dissociation between recognition of fear and other emotions supported the view that the brain has separable networks for processing different emotions, and that the right amygdala as well as the anterior part of bilateral cingulate gyrus are possible substrates involved in the special network for perception of fear. The results from the various groups of Chinese subjects indicate that they perceive emotions in a categorical manner, and that the six basic emotions are likely to be cross-cultural universals.
Modeling the influence of physicochemical properties on gold nanoparticle uptake and elimination by Daphnia magna

Monitoring the distribution and subsequent effects of nanoparticle contaminants in aquatic ecosystems will be pivotal to developing regulations that minimize their environmental footprint. The present study focused on the link between nanoparticle characteristics and Daphnia magna body burden using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with different size, shape, and surface charge configurations as model particles. Uptake followed first‐order kinetics across the entire concentration range for all particles except the cationic rods, which demonstrated 2 distinct uptake patterns. Elimination followed the 2‐compartment model for all particle configurations. Multiple regression analysis identified size and surface charge as controlling influences over AuNP uptake and elimination, whereas shape was regarded as inconsequential to both processes. Examination of the lumen‐microvilli interface produced no evidence to indicate assimilation of the AuNPs used in the present study. Instead, these nanoparticles were restricted to the gut lumen and the carapace, where ingestion efficiency and adsorption were the primary determinants of total body burden. Models developed from the present data predict that D. magna will amass a higher body burden of larger cationic AuNPs at high concentration exposures and larger anionic AuNPs at low concentration exposures. A survey of the nanoparticle literature revealed that these trends were consistent with observations for certain nanomaterial exposures but could not be applied indiscriminately to all nanoparticle types and species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:860–872. © 2015 SETAC
Effect of Red Pepper Seeds Powder on Lipid Composition in Rats Fed High-Fat.High-Cholesterol Diets

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of red pepper seeds powder on lipid metabolism in rats fed high fatㆍhigh cholesterol diet. Rats were divided into five experimental groups: normal diet group, high fatㆍhigh cholesterol diet group, high fatㆍhigh cholesterol diet with 5% red pepper seeds powder supplemented group (SA group), high fatㆍhigh cholesterol diet with 10% red pepper seeds powder supplemented group (SB group) and high fatㆍhigh cholesterol diet with 15% red peeper seeds powder supplemented group (SC group). The serum triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol contents, and LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index (AI) of the red pepper seed powder supplemented groups were significantly decreased compared to the HF group. The serum HDL-cholesterol contents of the red pepper seed powder supplemented groups were increased compared to the HF group. However, there was no significant difference in the serum HDL-cholesterol among all experimental groups. The hepatic TG and cholesterol contents of the red pepper seed powder supplemented groups were significantly decreased compared to the HF group. The fecal total cholesterol and triglyceride contents of the red pepper seeds powder supplemented groups were significantly increased compared to the HF group. These results suggest that supplementation of red pepper seed powder may have a pronounced impact on markers of lipid metabolism in serum and liver of rats fed high fatㆍhigh cholesterol diets.
A smoothed rank function algorithm based Hyperbolic Tangent function for matrix completion

The matrix completion problem is to recover the matrix from its partially known samples. A recent convex relaxation of the rank minimization problem minimizes the nuclear norm instead of the rank of the matrix. In this paper, we use a smooth function-Hyperbolic Tangent function to approximate the rank function, and then using gradient projection method to minimize it. Our algorithm is named as Hyperbolic Tangent function Approximation algorithm (HTA). We report numerical results for solving randomly generated matrix completion problems and image reconstruction. The numerical results suggest that significant improvement be achieved by our algorithm when compared to the previous ones. Numerical results show that accuracy of HTA is higher than that of SVT and FPC, and the requisite number of sampling to recover a matrix is typically reduced. Meanwhile we can see the power of HTA algorithm for missing data estimate in images.
Dynamic flaps in HIV‐1 protease adopt unique ordering at different stages in the catalytic cycle

The flexibility of HIV‐1 protease flaps is known to be essential for the enzymatic activity. Here we attempt to capture a multitude of conformations of the free and substrate‐bound HIV‐1 protease that differ drastically in their flap arrangements. The substrate binding process suggests the opening of active site gate in conjunction with a reversal of flap tip ordering, from the native semiopen state. The reversed‐flap, open‐gated enzyme readily transforms to a closed conformation after proper placement of the substrate into the binding cleft. After substrate processing, the closed state protease which possessed opposite flap ordering relative to the semiopen state, encounters another flap reversal via a second open conformation that facilitates the evolution of native semiopen state of correct flap ordering. The complicated transitional pathway, comprising of many high and low energy states, is explored by combining standard and activated molecular dynamics (MD) simulation techniques. The study not only complements the existing findings from X‐ray, NMR, EPR, and MD studies but also provides a wealth of detailed information that could help the structure‐based drug design process. Proteins 2011; © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor Ligands and Their Role in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Therapeutic Strategies

Imatinib therapy remains the gold standard for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia; however, the acquired resistance to this therapeutic agent in patients has urged the scientists to devise modalities for overcoming this chemoresistance. For this purpose, initially therapeutic agents with higher tyrosine kinase activity were introduced, which had the potential for inhibiting even mutant forms of Bcr‐Abl. Furthermore, coupling imatinib with peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor ligands also showed beneficial effects in chronic myeloid leukemia cell proliferation. These combination protocols inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis as well as differentiation in chronic myeloid leukemia cell lines. In addition, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors ligands increased imatinib uptake by upregulating the expression of human organic cation transporter 1. Taken together, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors ligands are currently being considered as novel promising therapeutic candidates for chronic myeloid leukemia treatment, because they can synergistically enhance the efficacy of imatinib. In this article, we reviewed the potential of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors ligands for use in chronic myeloid leukemia treatment. The mechanism of action of these therapeutics modalities are also presented in detail.
Acid Phosphatase Cytochemistry of Phagocytizing Leukocytes from Patients with Chronic Granulomatous Disease

Studies of neutrophils and eosinophils from normal individuals, patients with chronic granulomatous disease of childhood, and their heterozygous mothers demonstrate degranulation and vacuolization during phagocytosis of opsonized Escherichia coli. Acid phosphatase reactivity is demonstrated in some primary granules of neutrophils and around crystalloids of some eosinophil granules and is comparable for cells from the three groups of individuals studied. Strong acid phosphatase reactivity is consistently demonstrated in phagocytic vacuoles of both cell types in cells from normal and affected individuals.
Application of Cryotechniques with Freeze-substitution for the Immunohistochemical Demonstration of Intranuclear pCREB and Chromosome Territory

Intranuclear localization of signal molecules and chromosome territories has become more attractive in relation to postgenomic analyses of cellular functions. Cryotechniques and freeze-substitution (CrT-FS) have been generally used for electron microscopic observation to obtain better ultrastructure and immunoreactivity. To investigate benefits of applying the CrT-FS method to immunostaining of intranuclear signal molecules and FISH for chromosome territories, we performed an immunohistochemical study of phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element binding protein (pCREB) in mouse cerebellar tissues and a FISH study of chromosome 18 territory in human thyroid tissues using various cryotechniques. The immunoreactivity of pCREB was more clearly detected without antigen retrieval treatment on sections prepared by the CrT-FS method than those prepared by the conventional dehydration method. In the FISH study, more definite probe labeling of the chromosome territory could be obtained on paraffin sections by the CrT-FS method without microwave treatment, although such labeling was not clear even with microwave treatment on sections prepared by the routine dehydration method. The CrT-FS preserved relatively native morphology by preventing shrinkage of nuclei, and produced better immunoreactivity. Because the reduction of routine pretreatments in the present study might reveal more native morphology, the CrT-FS method would be a useful technique for intranuclear immunostaining and FISH.
Distributed Cell Configuration Strategy for Macro/Micro Overlaid Hierarchical Cellular Systems

This paper presents cell configuration strategies for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) based hierarchical cellular systems (HCS). We consider two cases: the symmetric case that HCS is used to extend the data rate coverage and the asymmetric case that HCS is applied to cover the hot spot. We formulate the cell configuration strategy problem with spectral reuse planning and channel allocation constraints, and suggest solutions for each case. The numerical results show that HCS can improve the system stability in the symmetric case and enhance the system performance about two times rather than that of the conventional cellular system, when the hot spot is created at the macro-cell edge in the asymmetric case. In addition, we describe that the co-channel interference from macro-cell base stations (BSs) are the dominant factor of system performance, but that from microcell, BSs can be negligible.
A population-based record linkage study of mortality in hepatitis C-diagnosed persons with or without HIV coinfection in Scotland

Infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is known to increase the risk of death from severe liver disease and, because HCV status is strongly associated with a history of injecting drug use, the effect of a key disease progression cofactor, infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is of interest. We examined all-cause, liver-related and drug-related mortality and excess risk of death from these causes in a large cohort of HCV-monoinfected and HIV-coinfected persons in Scotland. The study population consisted of 20,163 persons confirmed to be infected with hepatitis C through laboratory testing in Scotland between 1991 and 2005. Records with sufficient identifiers were linked to the General Register Office for Scotland death register to retrieve associated mortality data, and were further linked to a national database of HIV-positive individuals to determine coinfection status. A total of 1715 HCV monoinfected and 305 HIV coinfected persons died of any cause during the follow-up period (mean of 5.4 and 6.4 years, respectively). Significant excess mortality was observed in both HCV monoinfected and HIV coinfected populations from liver-related underlying causes (standardised mortality ratios of 25, 95% CI = 23—27; and 37, 95% CI = 26—52 for the two groups, respectively) and drug-related causes (25, 95% CI = 23—27; 39, 95% CI = 28—53. The risk of death from hepatocellular carcinoma, alcoholic or non-alcoholic liver disease, or from a drug-related cause, was greatly increased compared with the general Scottish population, with the highest standardised mortality ratio observed for hepatocellular carcinoma in the monoinfected group (70, 95% CI = 57—85). This study has revealed considerable excess mortality from liver- and drug-related causes in the Scottish HCV-diagnosed population; these data are crucial to inform on the clinical management, and projected future public health burden, of HCV infection.
Effectiveness of Polycarboxylate Superplasticizers in Ultra-High Strength Concrete: The Importance of PCE Compatibility with Silica Fume

Methacrylate ester as well as allylether based polycarboxylates (PCEs) were synthesized to plasticize pastes of cement and silica fume having a water/cement ratio of 0.22. Methacrylate ester copolymers were found to disperse cement well, whereas allylether copolymers are more effective with silica fume. Mechanistic investigations revealed that in cement pore solution, the surface charge of silica fume becomes positive by adsorption of Ca 2+ onto negatively charged silanolate groups present on the silica surface. This way, polycarboxylate copolymers adsorb to and disperse silica fume grains. Thus, mixtures of both copolymers were tested in cement-silica fume pastes. These blends provide significantly better dispersion than using only one polymer. Apparently, the surfaces of hydrating cement (here mainly ettringite) and silica fume are quite different with respect to their chemical composition. Therefore, PCEs with different molecular architectures are required to provide maximum coordination with calcium atoms present on these surfaces.
Keck spectroscopy of faint 3 < z < 7 Lyman break galaxies – I. New constraints on cosmic reionization from the luminosity and redshift-dependent fraction of Lyman α emission

We present the first results of a new Keck spectroscopic survey of UV faint Lyman break galaxies in the redshift range 3 1.9 with respect to the predicted z ≃ 7 value, a result which, if confirmed with future surveys, would suggest an increase in the neutral fraction by this epoch. Given the abundant supply of z and Y drops now available from deep Hubble WFC3/IR surveys, we show it will soon be possible to significantly improve estimates of the Lyα fraction using optical and near-infrared multi-object spectrographs, thereby extending the study conducted in this paper to 7 ≲ z ≲ 8.
[Surgical prevention of posterior capsule opacification].

AIM OF STUDY To evaluate a 20 years period of cataract surgery, in order to decrease the posterior capsule opacification. MATERIAL AND METHOD 3320 eyes after cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens was examined for Soemmering ring. This appears before posterior capsule opacification. CONCLUSIONS A very good clearing of lous cortex is very important in preventing posterior capsule opacification. If it also useful a correct hydrodissection.
Impact of flux weakening current to the iron loss in an IPMSM including PWM carrier effect

This paper describes an impact of a flux weakening current to an iron loss which includes a modulation index effect and PWM carrier effect. 1.5kW IPMSM was selected as a test machine, the measured iron loss are analyzed and compared with the simulation results which are obtained by a coupled simulation between FEA and circuit simulator. Interesting results are shown in this paper such that the iron loss is not decreased linearly with increasing the flux weakening current and the modulation index much effect to the iron loss because of the iron loss into the core by PWM effect. This paper can contribute to make the high efficiency machine and also can achieve a high efficiency drive.
Joint Modeling of Longitudinal Relational Data and Exogenous Variables

This article proposes a framework based on shared, time varying stochastic latent factor models for modeling relational data in which network and node-attributes co-evolve over time. Our proposed framework is flexible enough to handle both categorical and continuous attributes, allows us to estimate the dimension of the latent social space, and automatically yields Bayesian hypothesis tests for the association between network structure and nodal attributes. Additionally, the model is easy to compute and readily yields inference and prediction for missing link between nodes. We employ our model framework to study coevolution of international relations between 22 countries and the country specific indicators over a period of 11 years.
Enhanced Genetic Algorithm with K-Means for the Clustering Problem

In this paper, an algorithm for the clustering problem using a combination of the genetic algorithm with the popular K-Means greedy algorithm is proposed. The main idea of this algorithm is to use the genetic search approach to generate new clusters using the famous two-point crossover and then apply the K-Means technique to further improve the quality of the formed clusters in order to speed up the search process. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed genetic algorithm combined with K-Means converges faster while producing the same quality of the clustering compared to the standard genetic algorithm.
Nonschizophrenic Psychotic Disorders: The Case of Cycloid Psychoses

Background: Cycloid psychosis is a psychiatric disorder known for about 100 years. This disorder is at present partly and simplified represented in the ICD-10. Sampling and Methods: Over a period of 15 months, 139 consecutively acutely admitted psychotic patients were assessed, by means of different diagnostic instruments, in order to investigate the prevalence and the symptom profile of cycloid psychoses. In addition, the concordance between the diagnoses cycloid psychosis, brief psychotic disorder, and acute polymorphic psychotic disorder with or without symptoms of schizophrenia was calculated. Results: Cycloid psychoses were present in 13% of the patients. There was a significant but small overlap with the DSM brief psychotic disorder and the ICD acute polymorphic psychotic disorder. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that cycloid psychoses can be identified with the proper diagnostic instruments in a proportion that is also found in other studies. Since this type of psychosis entails a distinct prognosis and may require a specific treatment, its identification is of clinical importance. Limitations are the nature of the psychiatric facility with an inherent bias in the selection of patients and the lack of a long-term evaluation.