Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comments on "An Exponential Time/Space Speedup For Resolution"

We present a greatly simplified proof of the length-space trade-off result for resolution in Hertel and Pitassi (2007), and point out two important ingredients needed for our proof to work. Our key trick is to look at formulas of the type F = G^H, where G and H are over disjoint sets of variables and have very different length-space properties with respect to resolution. This trick is not present in the proof of Hertel and Pitassi, and thus their techniques can likely be used to prove results not obtainable by our methods. In these notes, we present a simplification of the length-space trade-off result for resolution in [4, 5]. The simplified proof is given in Section 1. In Section 2, we highlight the two building blocks in our construction. Definitions, notation and some known facts are given in Appendix A for reference. In a separate paper [6], we elaborate on our ideas in somewhat more detail, and prove a couple of other trade-off results for resolution of a similar flavour.
A New Nomogram Based on Early Postoperative NLR for Predicting Infectious Complications After Gastrectomy

Purpose: Our study aimed to construct a visible model to evaluate the risk of infectious complications after gastrectomy. Methods: The clinical data of 856 patients who underwent gastrectomy were used to retrieve medical records. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to correlate early postoperative NLR and operative variables with postoperative complications, and the construction of the nomogram was based on logistic regression. The concordance index and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the model performance. Results: The postoperative infectious and noninfectious complication rates after gastrectomy were 18.5% (158/856 cases) and 12.3% (105/856 cases) respectively. Postoperative NLR (within 24 h) independently predicted the development of postoperative infectious complication. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, diabetes, body mass index (BMI), intraoperative blood transfusion and postoperative NLR were independent risk factors. The nomogram model showed a good performance in terms of predicting infectious complications after gastrectomy (concordance index=0.718). Conclusion: Age, diabetes, BMI, intraoperative blood transfusion and postoperative NLR were independent risk factors of postoperative infectious complications after gastrectomy, and a novel nomogram based on these results can be used to predict postoperative infection and has the advantages of simple application and easy access.
INFLUENCE OF ANTIBIOTICS ON IN VITRO MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF RECALCITRANT POTATO CULTIVAR KUFRI JYOTI

The effect of three different antibiotics viz., carbenicillin (50, 75, 100 and 125 mg/l), cephotaxime (100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/l) and kanamycin (30, 40, 50 and 60 mg/l) against bacterial contaminants (Bacillus pumilus) and in vitro shoot growth of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) recalcitrant cultivar Kufri Jyoti was evaluated. Efficacy of antibiotics to control bacterial contaminant differed greatly; cephotaxime and carbenicillin were found to be more effective as compared to kanamycin. The type of antibiotics and their concentrations affected the growth, morphological characters of the microplant and the bacterial contaminations. The medium containing carbenicillin @ 75 mg/l and cephotaxime @ 150 mg/l significantly accelerated the microplant height, number of leaves, nodes and roots; root length and fresh as well as dry mass. For most of the microplant growth parameters there was no significant difference between carbenicillin @ 50 mg/l and cephotaxime @ 100 mg/l and negligible bacterial contamination was observed at these concentrations. Higher concentration beyond this level however, had detrimental effect on the growth and morphology of microplants. The cost of incorporating carbenicillin was double as compared to cephotaxime per liter of culture medium.
, Your Honor!”: False Positive Detection in Sender Domain Authentication by Utilizing the DMARC Reports

—Information leakage and phishing scams caused by spoofed e-mails have become serious problems, particularly in the ﬁelds of business and e-commerce. Sender domain authen-tications, such as Sender Policy Framework (SPF), DomainKeys Identiﬁed Mail (DKIM), and Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance (DMARC), are effective countermeasures against spoofed e-mails. In particular, DMARC is one of the most effective methods of sender domain authentication. However, sender domain authentication methods erroneously classify legitimate e-mails, such as forwarded e-mails, as malicious e-mails. Because sender domain authentication is usually processed prior to content ﬁltering, the fact that sender domain authentications generate a large number of false positives is a serious problem. In this paper, we propose a method to detect false positive deliveries in sender domain authentications based on the legitimacy of the senders’ IP addresses by adapting X-means clustering to the reports generated by the reporting function of DMARC. Our approach consists of three phases: DMARC report summarization, X-means clustering, and legitimate sender detection. Applied to actual DMARC reports, we found that our method detected 214,153 e-mails on average sent from 347 legitimate senders’ IP addresses on average as legitimate e-mails per day. We evaluate our results focusing on the legitimate deliveries sent from the detected legitimate senders and the detected false positives generated by existing sender domain authentications. The evaluation results conﬁrmed that our method can detect large numbers of legitimate e-mails, including the false positive e-mails, such as forwarded e-mails, which cannot be correctly identiﬁed using existing sender domain authentication technologies.
Impaired Preadipocyte Differentiation in Human Abdominal Obesity

OBJECTIVE We examined preadipocyte differentiation in obese and nonobese individuals and the effect of cytokines and wingless-type MMTV (mouse mammary tumor virus) integration site family, member 3A (Wnt3a) protein on preadipocyte differentiation and phenotype. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were obtained from a total of 51 donors with varying BMI. After isolation of the adipose and stromalvascular cells, inflammatory cells (CD14- and CD45-positive cells) were removed by immune magnetic separation. CD133-positive cells, containing early progenitor cells, were also isolated and quantified. The CD14- and CD45-negative preadipocytes were cultured with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, resistin, or Wnt3a with or without a differentiation cocktail. RESULTS The number of preadipocytes able to differentiate to adipose cells was negatively correlated with both BMI and adipocyte cell size of the donors, whereas the number of CD133-positive cells was positively correlated with BMI, suggesting an impaired differentiation of preadipocytes in obesity. Cultured preadipocytes, like freshly isolated mature adipocytes, from obese individuals had an increased expression of mitogen-activated protein 4 kinase 4 (MAP4K4), which is known to inhibit peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ induction. TNF-α, but not IL-6 or resistin, increased Wnt10b, completely inhibited the normal differentiation of the preadipocytes, and instead induced a proinflammatory and macrophage-like phenotype of the cells. CONCLUSIONS The apparent number of preadipocytes in the abdominal subcutaneous tissue that can undergo differentiation is reduced in obesity with enlarged fat cells, possibly because of increased MAP4K4 levels. TNF-α promoted a macrophage-like phenotype of the preadipocytes, including several macrophage markers. These results document the plasticity of human preadipocytes and the inverse relationship between lipid storage and proinflammatory capacity.
Maximum Rectilinear Convex Subsets | SIAM Journal on Computing | Vol. 50, No. 1 | Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics

Let P be a set of n points in the plane. We consider a variation of the classical Erd\H os--Szekeres problem, presenting efficient algorithms with O(n3) running time and O(n2) space complexity that compute (1) a subset S of P such that the boundary of the rectilinear convex hull of S has the maximum number of points from P , (2) a subset S of P such that the boundary of the rectilinear convex hull of S has the maximum number of points from P and its interior contains no element of P , (3) a subset S of P such that the rectilinear convex hull of S has maximum area and its interior contains no element of P , and (4) when each point of P is assigned a weight, positive or negative, a subset S of P that maximizes the total weight of the points in the rectilinear convex hull of S. We also revisit the problems of computing a maximum area orthoconvex polygon and computing a maximum area staircase polygon, amidst a point set in a rectangular domain. We obtain new and simpler algorithms to solve both problems with the same complexity as in the state of the art.
OVERVIEW OF COMPUTER VISION SUPERVISED LEARNING TECHNIQUES FOR LOW-DATA TRAINING

In the age of big data and machine learning the costs to turn the data into fuel for the algorithms is prohibitively high. Organizations that can train better models with fewer annotation efforts will have a competitive edge. This work is an overview of techniques of varying complexity and novelty for supervised, or rather weakly supervised learning for computer vision algorithms. The paper starts describing various methods to ease the need for a big labeled dataset with giving some background on supervised, weakly-supervised and then self-supervised learning in general, and in computer vision specifically. The paper describes the importance of these methods in fields such as medical imaging and autonomous driving.
DMD054239 239..244

Cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes play a critical role in the activation and detoxication of many neurotoxic chemicals. Although research has largely focused on P450-mediatedmetabolism in the liver, emerging evidence suggests that brain P450s influence neurotoxicity by modulating local metabolite levels. As a first step toward better understanding the relative role of brain P450s in determining neurotoxic outcome, we characterized mRNA expression of specific P450 isoforms in the rodent brain. Adult mice (male and female) and rats (male) were treated with vehicle, phenobarbital, or dexamethasone. Transcripts for CYP2B, CYP3A, CYP1A2, and the orphan CYP4X1 and CYP2S1 were quantified in the liver, hippocampus, cortex, and cerebellum by quantitative (real-time) polymerase chain reaction. These P450s were all detected in the liver with the exception of CYP4X1, which was detected in rat but not mouse liver. P450 expression profiles in the brain varied regionally. With the exception of the hippocampus, there were no sex differences in regional brain P450 expression profiles in mice; however, there were marked species differences. In the liver, phenobarbital induced CYP2B expression in both species. Dexamethasone induced hepatic CYP2B and CYP3A in mice but not rats. In contrast, brain P450s did not respond to these classic hepatic P450 inducers. Our findings demonstrate that P450 mRNA expression in the brain varies by region, regional brain P450 profiles vary between species, and their induction varies from that of hepatic P450s. These novel datawill be useful for designingmechanistic studies to examine the relative role of P450-mediated brain metabolism
MetaMAc, or What Do I Do Now? A strategic perspective on autonomy beyond anomalies and goals

—In recent years, there has been strong interest in both reasoning about goal-identification and selection and metacognitive handling of anomalous situations. These two concerns are usually framed in terms of making agents more autonomous and flexible in dynamic and complex domains. Here, we wish to argue that there is a natural unifying perspective that includes both concerns and that may point the way to a yet more powerful kind of autonomy.
A monoclonal antibody targeting amyloid #_#x03B2; (A#_#x03B2;) restores complement factor I bioactivity: Potential implications in age-related macular degeneration and Alzheimer#_#x2019;s disease

Activation of the alternative complement cascade has been implicated in the pathogenesis of age related macular degeneration (AMD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Amyloid β (Aβ), a component of drusen, may promote complement activation by inhibiting CFI bioactivity. We determined whether Aβ reduced CFI bioactivity and whether antibodies against Aβ including a monoclonal antibody, GSK933776 could restore CFI bioactivity. We also measured CFI bioactivity in plasma of subjects with AMD and AD. In support of the GSK933776 development program in AMD (geographic atrophy), we developed a quantitative assay to measure CFI bioactivity based on its ability to cleave C3b to iC3b, and repeated it in presence or absence of Aβ and anti-Aβ antibodies. Using this assay, we measured CFI bioactivity in plasma of 194 subjects with AMD, and in samples from subjects with AD that had been treated with GSK933776 as part of the GSK933776 development program in AD. Aβ reduced the CFI bioactivity by 5-fold and pre-incubation with GSK933776 restored CFI bioactivity. In subjects with AMD, plasma CFI levels and bioactivity were not significantly different from non-AMD controls. However, we detected a positive linear trend, suggesting increasing activity with disease severity. In subjects with AD, we observed a 10% and 27% increase in overall CFI bioactivity after treatment with GSK933776 during the second and third dose. Our studies indicate that CFI enzymatic activity can be inhibited by Aβ and be altered in proinflammatory diseases such as AMD and AD, in which deposition of Aβ and activation of the alternative complement cascade are believed to play a key role in the disease process. PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone. 0195751 May 21, 2018 1 / 19 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111
-Converting Enzyme a Reactive Oxygen Species, and TNF-via a Cascade Involving Protein Kinase C, Cells Production in Human Airway Epithelial Neutrophil Elastase Induces MUC5AC Mucin

Mucus hypersecretion is a prominent manifestation in patients with chronic inﬂammatory airway diseases and contributes to their morbidity and mortality by plugging airways and causing recurrent infections. Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) exists in high concentrations (1–20 (cid:2) M) in airway secretions of these patients and induces overproduction of MUC5AC mucin, a major component of airway mucus. Previous studies showed that HNE induces MUC5AC mucin production involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and TGF- (cid:1) -dependent epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation in human airway epithelial cells. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in these responses are not deﬁned. TNF- (cid:1) -converting enzyme (TACE) cleaves pro-TGF- (cid:1) into soluble TGF- (cid:1) and can be activated by ROS. We hypothesize that HNE activates TACE via ROS generation, resulting in cleavage of pro-TGF- (cid:1) , EGFR activation, and MUC5AC mucin expression in airway epithelial cells. Here we show that in human airway epithelial cells HNE increases TGF- (cid:1) release, EGFR phosphorylation, and MUC5AC mucin expression, effects that were attenuated by TACE inhibitor TAPI-1 and by speciﬁc knockdown of TACE expression with small interfering RNA, implicating TACE in HNE-induced responses. These responses to HNE were also reduced by pretreatment with ROS scavengers, implicating ROS. Furthermore, we show that HNE causes protein kinase C (PKC) activation and translocation from cytosol to plasma membrane; blockade of this effect by PKC inhibitors reduced HNE-induced ROS generation and other responses, implicating PKC. We conclude that HNE induces MUC5AC mucin expression via a cascade involving PKC-ROS-TACE in human airway epithelial cells. Journal Immunology, 30 (cid:1) g of protein from each treatment was subjected to 7.5% SDS-PAGE. After electrophoresis, protein samples were transferred to a polyvinylidene di- ﬂuoride membrane (Bio-Rad Laboratories), which was blocked with 5% BSA, probed with speciﬁc primary Abs indicated in each experiment, washed with PBS, and then probed with secondary Abs conjugated to HRP. Immunoreactive bands were visualized by chemiluminescence using West- ern blotting luminol reagent (Santa Cruz Biotechnology).
Simultaneous determination of 5 diuretic drugs using an high performance liquid chromatography method by quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker

Background: Loop diuretics is commonly used in clinical practices to manage the high fluid load and to control fluid balance. In this paper, a quantitative analysis of multiple components with a single marker (QAMS) method was firstly developed for simultaneous determination of 5 diuretic drugs including furosemide, torasemide, azosemide, etacrynic acid, and bumetanide by HPLC. The qualitative analysis was performed using relative capacity factor and ultraviolet (UV) spectral similarity as the double indicator. The QAMS method was conducted with etacrynic acid as an internal reference substance. The other four diuretics were calculated by using the relative correction factors for etacrynic acid. The contents of the 5 diuretic drugs were also determined by the external standard method (ESM). The chromatographic separation was achieved on an Shimadzu HC-C18 column (150mm× 4.6mm, 5μm) using 50 mM of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH adjusted to 4.0 with phosphoric acid) with acetonitrile (64:36, v/v) as mobile phase at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and a column temperature of 30°C. Results: Under these conditions, the 5 diuretic drugs are well separated, showing linear relationships within certain ranges. The quantitative results showed that there was no significant difference between the QAMS and ESM method. Conclusions: Overall, the HPLC-QAMS analytical scheme established in this study should be a simple, efficient, economical, and accurate method for quantitative evaluation of 5 diuretic drugs.
VHRM_A_259190 257..270

Dyana Sarvasti 1 Isabella Lalenoh Emanoel Oepangat Budhi Setianto Purwowiyoto 3 Anwar Santoso 3 Rochmad Romdoni 1Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Widya Mandala Catholic University, Surabaya, Indonesia; 2Department of Cardiology, Siloam Hospital TB Simatupang, Jakarta, Indonesia; 3Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia; 4Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Airlangga University Dr. Soetomo District General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia Purpose: Our study aimed at determining and comparing the mechanism of cardiovascular protection variables in moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD) after coronary stenting. Participants and Methods: This experimental study used the same subject and cross-over design, involving eleven stable CHD patients after coronary stenting. These were randomly divided into two groups; MICT for 29 minutes at 50–60% heart rate reserve and HIIT with 4x4 minute intervals at 60–80% heart rate reserve, each followed by three minutes of active recovery at 40–50% heart rate reserve. These were conducted three times a week for two weeks. The participants’ levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) activity assayed, and flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) were examined before and after treatments were completed. Results: The HIIT significantly increased the levels of noradrenaline and eNOS compared with MICT (p<0.05). Also, HIIT was better in maintaining EC-SOD activity and FMD compared with MICT (p<0.05). Through the noradrenalin pathway, HIIT had a direct and significant effect on eNOS and FMD (p<0.05) but MICT, through the noradrenaline pathways, had a direct and significant effect on eNOS (p<0.05), and through the EC-SOD activity pathways had a direct and significant effect on FMD (p<0.05). MICT reduced EC-SOD activity and also decreased the FMD value. Conclusion: HIIT is superior to MICT in increasing cardiovascular protection by increasing the concentrations of noradrenalin and eNOS, maintaining EC-SOD activity, and FMD in stable CHD patients after coronary stenting.
Monitoring and Modeling Web Server Performance: A Symbiotic Simulation Approach

—Existing approaches on web server simulation are often restricted, especially with the advent of the dynamic web. We propose a symbiotic approach for web server simulation, using a Faster than Real Time Simulation environment, compatible with the Dynamic Data Driven Applications Systems concept. The corresponding framework was implemented, consisting of: a measurement module, the FRT simulator, running concurrently with the web server, a controller that manages both the measuring process and the simulator, and a network level packet sniffer. Experimental results are presented along with open research issues.
Methodology for Splitting Business Capabilities into a Microservice Architecture: Design and Maintenance Using a Domain-Driven Approach

—The ongoing digital transformation is forcing organizations to rethink not only their business domains but also their (often monolithic) application landscapes. A more ﬂexible architecture is needed: microservice architecture. Migrating, developing and operating such a ﬂexible architecture requires predetermined architectural decisions. Because splitting the business domain into a more distributed software architecture is challenging, a methodology must be created that supports software architects by designing and systematically maintaining this kind of architecture. During our research, we discovered that there are only a few publications in this ﬁeld that ignore the business domain and omit the maintenance of the architecture. Therefore, we provide a methodology for splitting business capabilities into a microservice architecture based on concepts of domain-driven design, which was proved over a longer time and continuously incorporated with new results. Our results indicate that we established a systematic and comprehensible creation process for microservice architecture, which also has a veriﬁable positive effect on the organization’s application landscape.
Exploring Unknown Environments with RRT-Based Strategies

Real mobile robots should be able to build an abstract re-presentation of the physical environment, in order to navigate and to work in such environment. We present a method for sensor-based exploration of unknown environments by mobile robots. This method proceeds by building a data structure called SRT (Sensor-based Random Tree). The SRT represents a roadmap of the explored area with an associated safe region, and estimates the free space as perceived by the robot during the exploration. The original work proposed in [10] presents two techniques: SRT-Ball and SRT-Star. In this paper, we propose an alternative strategy called SRT-Radial that deals with non-holonomic constraints us-ing two alternative planners named SRT Extensive and SRT Goal. We present experimental results to show the performance of the SRT-Radial and both derived planners.