Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF TRICHODERMA SPP. AGAINST COLLETOTRICHUM GLOEOSPORIOIDES PENZ. WITH RAPD AND ITS-PCR

should be limited to 200 words and convey the main points of the paper-outline, results and conclusion or the significance of the results. Introduction should give the reasons for doing the work. Detailed review of the literature is not necessary. The introduction should preferably conclude with a final paragraph stating concisely and clearly the aims and objectives of your investigation. Materials and Methods should include a brief technical description of the methodology adopted while a detailed description is required if the methods are new. Results should contain observations on experiment done illustrated by tables and figures. Use well known statistical tests in preference to obscure ones. Discussion must not recapitulate results but should relate the author's experiments to other work on the subject and give their conclusions. All tables and figures must be cited sequentially in the text. Figures should be abbreviated to Fig., except in the beginning of a sentence when the word Figure should be written out in full. The figures should be drawn on a good quality tracing/ white paper with black ink with the legends provided on a separate sheet. Photographs should be black and white on a glossy sheet with sufficient contrast. References should be kept to a minimum and listed in alphabetical order. Personal communication and unpublished data should not be included in the reference list. Unpublished papers accepted for publication may be included in the list by designating the journal followed by "in press" in parentheses in the reference list. The list of reference at the end of the text should be in the following format. 1. Witkamp, M. and Olson, J. S. 1963. Breakdown of confined and non-confined Oak Litter.Oikos. 14:138-
Improved Modeling of Gross Primary Productivity of Alpine Grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau Using the Biome-BGC Model

The ability of process-based biogeochemical models in estimating the gross primary productivity (GPP) of alpine vegetation is largely hampered by the poor representation of phenology and insufficient calibration of model parameters. The development of remote sensing technology and the eddy covariance (EC) technique has made it possible to overcome this dilemma. In this study, we have incorporated remotely sensed phenology into the Biome-BGC model and calibrated its parameters to improve the modeling of GPP of alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Specifically, we first used the remotely sensed phenology to modify the original meteorological-based phenology module in the Biome-BGC to better prescribe the phenological states within the model. Then, based on the GPP derived from EC measurements, we combined the global sensitivity analysis method and the simulated annealing optimization algorithm to effectively calibrate the ecophysiological parameters of the Biome-BGC model. Finally, we simulated the GPP of alpine grasslands on the TP from 1982 to 2015 based on the Biome-BGC model after a phenology module modification and parameter calibration. The results indicate that the improved Biome-BGC model effectively overcomes the limitations of the original Biome-BGC model and is able to reproduce the seasonal dynamics and magnitude of GPP in alpine grasslands. Meanwhile, the simulated results also reveal that the GPP of alpine grasslands on the TP has increased significantly from 1982 to 2015 and shows a large spatial heterogeneity, with a mean of 289.8 gC/m2/yr or 305.8 TgC/yr. Our study demonstrates that the incorporation of remotely sensed phenology into the Biome-BGC model and the use of EC measurements to calibrate model parameters can effectively overcome the limitations of its application in alpine grassland ecosystems, which is important for detecting trends in vegetation productivity. This approach could also be upscaled to regional and global scales.
Visual Feedback for Rover-based Coring

Technology for coring from a low-mass rover has been developed to enable core sample acquisition where a planetary rover experiences moderate slip during the coring operation. A new stereo vision technique, Absolute Motion Visual Odometry, is used to measure rover slip during coring and the slip is accommodated through corresponding arm pose updating. Coring rate is controlled by feedback of themeasured force of the coring tool against the environment. Test results in the JPL Marsyard show for the first time that coring from a low-mass rover with slip is feasible.
Trajectory Generation for Mobile Manipulators

Mobile robot navigation has stood as an open and challenging problem over decades. Despite the number of significant results obtained in this field, people still look for better solutions. Some mobile robots are subject to constraints of rolling without slipping and thus belong to non-holonomic systems. Mobile robots also are subject to navigate in environments cluttered with obstacles. Now, in case the mobile robot presents a nonholonomic constraint, the problem consists of finding a path taking into account constraints imposed both by the obstacles and the non-holonomic constraints. Since non-holonomy make path planning more difficult, many techniques have been proposed to plan and generate paths. May be the most popular is the method of potential field (Khatib, 1986). However, this method may present some problems such as sticking to local minima. Moreover, the kinematic constraint is the other problem that can face trajectory planning. This can make time derivatives of some configuration variables non-integrable and hence, a collision free path in the configuration space not achievable by steering control. Some researchers worked to find feasible path using different methodologies (Sundar & Shiller, 1997), (Laumond et al, 1994), (Reeds & Shepp, 1990). To deal with obstacles, some researchers decomposed the dynamic motion to static paths and velocity-planning problem (Murray et al, 1994), (Tilbury et al, 1995). In the work of (Qu et all, 2004), the authors treated the problem as a family of curves where the optimal path is found by adjusting a certain polynomial parameter. This idea was raised in many references including (Kant & Zucker, 1988) and (Murray & Sastry,1993), where trajectories are represented by sinusoidal, polynomial or piecewise constant functions. In our recent work, and based on intelligent control, we proposed a fuzzy control methodology to navigate a mobile robot in a cluttered environment with the aim to reach the goal while avoiding static and/or dynamic obstacles (Abdessemed et al, 2004). Concerning robot arm path planning and trajectory generation, considerable efforts have been devoted to make these mechanical systems succeeding in their tasks. If we consider a robot arm with n-joints that move independently, the robot’s configuration can be described by a 3-dimentional coordinate: (xe, ye, ze) for the location of the end effector. These coordinates characterize the workspace representation, since they represent exactly the same coordinates of the object it intends to manipulate or to avoid. Although the workspace is well suited for collision avoidance, it happens that we are still 15
Exploiting the favourable alignment of CALIPSO's descending orbital tracks over Sweden to study aerosol characteristics

One of the key knowledge gaps when estimating aerosol forcing and their role in air quality is our limited understanding of their vertical distribution. As an active lidar in space, the CALIOP-CALIPSO is helping to close this gap. The descending orbital track of CALIPSO follows elongated semi-major axis of Sweden, slicing its atmosphere every 2–3 d, thus providing a unique opportunity to characterise aerosols and their verticality in all seasons irrespective of solar conditions. This favourable orbital configuration of CALIPSO over Sweden is exploited in the present study. Using five years of night-time aerosol observations (2006–2011), we investigated the vertical distribution of aerosols. The role of temperature inversions and winds in governing this distribution is additionally investigated using collocated AIRS-Aqua and ERA-Interim Reanalysis data. It is found that the majority of aerosols (up to 70%) are located within 1 km above the surface in the lowermost troposphere, irrespective of the season. In summer, convection and stronger mixing lift aerosols to slightly higher levels, but their noticeable presence in the upper free troposphere is observed in the winter half of the year, when the boundary layer is decoupled due to strong temperature inversions separating local sources from the transport component. When southerly winds prevail, two or more aerosol layers are most frequent over southern Sweden and the polluted air masses have higher AOD values. The depolarisation ratio and integrated attenuated backscatter of these aerosol layers are also higher. About 30–50% of all aerosol layers are located below the level where temperature inversions peak. On the other hand, relatively cleaner conditions are observed when the winds have a northerly component.
Trainee Teachers' Experience of Reflection: Personal and social constructions of experience

The research on which this thesis draws investigated trainee teachers' experience of reflection whilst undertaking Certificate in Education or Post-graduate Certificate in Education programmes for the Post-Compulsory sector. It was based on a sequential, mixed methods design, employing a structured questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. During the first stage of data collection, a sample of 127 trainee teachers completed a questionnaire about their experience of reflection and keeping a reflective journal. Findings indicated that the majority of trainees had a clear understanding of reflection and how it contributed to the development of their professional practice. A minority were less certain about the nature of reflective learning and its application to professional development. Most expressed agreement that keeping a reflective journal supported their professional learning. However, a substantial minority indicated difficulties with journal writing. In the second stage of data collection, interview findings of 15 trainee teachers broadly supported the questionnaire findings about trainees' understanding of the purpose of reflection and its perceived value. However, analysis of the interview data indicated that there were individual differences in engagement with reflection, leading to some trainees experiencing difficulties, particularly with journal writing. The thesis argues that reflective learning for professional development involves a personal-social dimension in trainees' mode of engagement and this is related to personal and social constructions of experience. The thesis questions the use of the metaphor of 'reflection', arguing that the multiple reflections and changing images in a kaleidoscope offer a better analogy. The thesis proposes a theoretical model to integrate the content and process aspects of reflection, evident in previous models and typologies. This re-conceptualisation forms the basis for a practical application, the PERHAPS? model, which incorporates process and content and acknowledges different modes of engagement with reflection.
Next generation sequence analysis of the forage peanut (Arachis pintoi) virome

El mani forrajero (Arachis pintoi) es uno los cultivos forrajeros mejor adaptado a los agroecosistemas tropicales, donde se utiliza en mezclas con gramineas para alimentacion animal, como alternativa para la cobertura del suelo en areas urbanas y taludes y para la conservacion de suelos en plantaciones de palma africana, cafe y citricos. Aunque el mani forrajero se considera una planta tolerante a plagas y enfermedades, en los ultimos anos se ha observado en Colombia el aumento de sintomas asociados a enfermedades virales. Con el objeto de evaluar la ocurrencia de virus en dichos materiales sintomaticos, en el presente estudio se utilizo la metodologia de Secuenciacion de Nueva Generacion (NGS) del transcriptoma de un grupo de muestras de A. pintoi procedentes de zonas urbanas en Medellin (Colombia). Los resultados indicaron la presencia de 3.291. 089 reads asociados a genomas virales de miembros de las familias Potyviridae, Luteoviridae y Alphaflexiviridae; siendo posible obtener los genomas completos del Peanut mottle virus (9707 nt), Turnip yellows virus (5578 nt) y de dos variantes de un virus filogeneticamente relacionado con el genero Allexivirus. Estas dos variantes carecen del ORF6 presente en Allexivirus, por lo que posiblemente se trata de miembros de un genero hasta ahora no caracterizado en la familia Alphaflexiviridae. La ocurrencia de al menos tres virus que infectan plantas de A. pintoi en Colombia, llama la atencion sobre la necesidad de emprender un trabajo de limpieza de germoplasma en el material de siembra utilizado para el establecimiento de este forraje tropical.
Backward surface waves at photonic crystals

We investigate wave propagation with opposite energy and phase velocity at the surface of a twodimensional photonic crystal. We introduce a surface defect based on a terminating row rich in material. We show how this type of defect induces surface modes with dispersion that can be flexibly manipulated. We observe the formation of single or multiple surface bands coming from the upper periodic band with a negative or a positive band slope. We perform a numerical experiment, realizable at mid- and near-infrared frequencies, which unambiguously verifies in a direct fashion the forward or backward type of propagation of the excited surface wave. Our numerical results demonstrate the existence of backward-propagating surface waves stemming from bands with a negative slope. This study may aid the design of subdiffraction plasmon based guiding devices.
Primary production, calcification and macromolecular synthesis in a bloom of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi in the North Sea

Photosynthesis, calcification and the patterns of carbon (C) incorporation into different biomolecules were investigated during a bloom of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi in the North Sea during June and July 1994. The bloom was confined to an area of ca 3000 km2 centred at 59'50' N. 00°42'E and characterized by enhanced thermal stability and low nitrate concentrations in the upper mlxed layer. Surface E. huxleyi densities within the bloom area ranged between 1 and 6 X 106 cells I-' The mesoscale distribution of E. huxleyi abundance suggested that the bloom formation was related to the presence of low concentrations of nitrate rather than phosphate. The bloom was sampled during an early stage of its development, as indicated by the low calcite-C levels (c50 my C m-3], the low calciteC to particulate organlc carbon (POC) ratlo ( ~ 0 . 2 5 ) and the low density of detached coccoliths (2 to 3 X 10' m1 l ) . Reduced levels of chlorophyll a (<45 mg m-2) and productivity (<1.2 g C m-L d-') were measured in the coccolithophore-rich waters as compared to stations outside the bloom area. Typical calcification rates within the bloom were 135 mg C m-' d-', representing up to 20% of the total C incorporation. Relative C incorporation into lipids in coccolithophore-rich waters was 1.5 times higher than outside the bloom area. Most of the recently synthesized lipid (70 to 90%) belonged to the neutral lipid fraction. The enhanced lipid synthesis resulted in a higher lipid content of the particulate matter. The relationships between irradiance and photosynthate partitioning consistently showed that C is preferentially channeled into the protein fraction at low light levels, whereas the relative synthesis of lipids increases only at high irradiances. These metabolic responses are discussed in relation to the development of E. huxleyi-rich assemblages. It is concluded that the observed patterns of C incorporation represent a general strategy of energy utilization that is also attributable to other groups of marine phytoplankton.
WHY ADOPT A STANDARD EARLY WHEN THERE ARE NO ECONOMIC BENEFITS? THE CASE OF EARLY ADOPTERS AND VOLUNTARY STATE-AUTHORED STANDARDS

Information asymmetry often occurs in situations where two parties are involved and one party has more or better information than the other. This is critical because one party may be dependent on the other party to carry out certain actions or to produce products/services on which the first party is dependent. For example, in outsourcing/supply chain transactions, the buyer, located in one country, is dependent on an overseas supplier to provide goods that meet the performance requirement criteria. As has been noted in business studies such as Poorly Made in China (Midler, 2009), suppliers (especially those located overseas) often ship poorly made products, while simultaneously assuring the buyers that their products conform to the performance requirements. Consequently, the buyers often find themselves exposed to critical problems when deficiencies are uncovered.
Multilayer Graphene (MLG)-Reinforced Al 2 O 3 Nanocomposites Fabricated by High-frequency Induction-heat Sintering Technology

Nanocomposites of Al 2 O 3 (alumina) ceramic reinforced with various multilayer graphene (MLG) contents (2 and 4 vol.%) were fabricated by novel rapid high-frequency induction-heat (HF-IF) sintering technology and their microstructures, interface and mechanical properties were meticulously investigated. MLG was synthesized through thermal exfoliation process and dispersed homogenously into Al 2 O 3 matrix by colloidal chemistry technique. Novel HF-IF sintering consolidated nanocomposites to 99% relative densities without damaging the MLG nanostructures and contributed in forming good Al 2 O 3 /MLG interface. The fracture toughness (KIC) of the nanocomposites was increased by 41% and 25% whereas a 6% increase and 15% reduction in hardness values were observed at 2 vol.% and 4 vol.% MLG additions respectively, compared to unreinforced Al 2 O 3 . Rise in the KIC values of the nanocomposites was associated with, (i) higher densities due to novel HF-IH sintering, (ii) uniform dispersions of the MLG within Al 2 O 3 matrix, (iii) fracture-mode alteration, (iv) grain refinement, (v) strong MLG/Al 2 O 3 interface and (vi) MLG/Al 2 O 3 grain bridging and grain sharing toughening mechanism.
How research can help transform the construction industry

According to its website, the International Group for Lean Construction is dedicated to the radical renewal of AEC practice, education and research. As is the way with academic researchers, that objective has been pursued with little explicit coordination. Without expecting everyone to become part of a big machine, this paper presents the benefits expected from collaboration on a high level research program aimed at removing the obstacles to radical renewal. Obstacles to that transformation are proposed, culminating in an appeal for collabration to remove those obstacles.
The Differences Cost of Equity Capital between Before and After Adoption of IFRS

The objective of this study was to analyze and compare between the cost of equity capital between before and after the adoption of IFRS on Statement of Financial Accounting Standard Financial Instrument (PSAK) for banking companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange. The period on this study was 2008-2009 for before adoption and 2013-2014 for after adoption. Data on this study was secondary data such as annual financial reporting and share price. Cost of equity capital was measured using the Ohlson Model. The sample in this study was banking companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2008, 2009, 2013, and 2014. Selecting a sample was by purposive sampling with specific criteria. Results of this study proved that the cost of equity capital was lower for after adoption of IFRS on Statement of Financial Accounting Standard Financial Instrument for banking companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange than before adoption. It meant that adoption IFRS could reduce the cost of equity capital. This result had an impact on reducing the non-performing loan, increasing the loan to deposit ratio, and increasing net interest margin. DOI : https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v21i4. 1479
THE LEGITIMAZATION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST THE AHMADIYYA COMMUNITY IN INDONESIA

The Ahmadiyah community in Indonesia has experienced increasing infringement on their religious freedom in various forms during the last ten years. The opening up of democracy in 1998 resulted in the involvement of “non state actors “in religious violence. Despite increasing attacks against the Ahmadiyah community, the state has been reluctant to prevent or punish religious attacks against the Ahmadiyah community. In this article I argue that violence against the Ahmadiyah is in danger of becoming legitimate.
An improved stereo matching algorithm based on guided image filter

Stereo matching is a challenging issue in computer vision field. To address the poor accuracy behavior of local algorithms, we propose an improved stereo matching algorithm based on guided image filter. Firstly, we put forward a combined matching cost by incorporating the absolute difference and improved color census transform (ICCT). Secondly, we use the guided image filter to filter the cost volume, which can aggregate the costs fast and efficiently. Then, in the disparity computing step, we design a modified dynamic programming algorithm, which can weaken the scanning line effect. At last, the final disparity maps are gained after post-processing. The experimental results are evaluated on the Middlebury stereo dataset, showing that our approach can achieve good results both in low texture and depth discontinuity areas with an average error rate of 5.14%. Keywords-stereo matching; census transform; guided image filter; dynamic programming
The Use of Encryption in Embedded Systems

It is increasingly common to find embedded systems that must communicate securely with other devices or provide secure storage of private information - such as smart cards or devices that can connect to the Internet. This has increased the need to implement secure and efficient encryption schemes in embedded systems - a task that is complicated by the minimal memory and processor resources typically available. This paper discusses some of the challenges involved in implementing encryption in embedded systems, and how these challenges can be met in practice, taking examples from the implementation of an access control and security monitoring system.
LSI Based Relevance Computation for Topical Web Crawler

Today, size of the web is exceptionally large. And this size is increasing rapidly. Huge number of web pages and web sites are being added each day. Hence, results which are effective, factual and authentic are needed. A simple crawler cannot cover each web page as it would take polynomial time to do so. In order to overcome such issues, this paper proposes an algorithm to develop an efficient, focused, domain specific crawler using LSI (Latent Semantic Indexing). This algorithm makes the crawler highly efficient in downloading relevant documents, thus, avoiding over-heads and resource wastage, and also increases the precision and recall values of the IR system developed on it.
A Review on Bengali to English Machine Transliteration System

Transliteration is the conversion of a text from one script to another. It is basically the conversion of one writing system to another. The characters from a source language are mapped to the characters of the target language. Designing a transliteration system is based on grapheme, phoneme, and correspondence and hybrid methods. In this paper, all these methods will be discussed. The idea is to develop a Bengali to English Machine Transliteration system using rule-based approach. A forward transliteration system for proper nouns, names of cities, states and rivers will be discussed in this paper.