Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CD 4 + T Cells are Exhausted and Show Functional Defects in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common adult leukemia in the western world. This health problem is caused due to the accumulation of mature B-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and bone marrow. In the course of cancer, CD4+ T cells become “exhausted” and characterized with poor effector functions and the expression of multiple inhibitory receptors. Objective: To investigate the frequency and functional properties of exhausted CD4+ T lymphocytes in patients with CLL. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from 25 untreated CLL patients and 15 healthy volunteers. CLL patients were clinically classified according to the Rai staging system. The frequency of CD4+/Tim-3+/PD-1+ cells was obtained by flow cytometry. To evaluate cell proliferation and cytokine production, CD4+ T cells were isolated and stimulated with phytohemagglutinin and PMA/ionomycin. Concentrations of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 were measured in the culture supernatants of stimulated cells by the ELISA technique. Results: The percentage of CD4+/Tim-3+/PD-1+ cells was significantly higher in CLL patients than that of healthy controls. CD4+ T cells from CLL patients showed lower proliferative responses, a lower production of IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, and a higher production of IL-10, compared to healthy controls. CD4+ T cells from CLL patients in advanced clinical stages showed more exhaustion features than those of early stages. Conclusion: Given that the exhaustion phase of T cells can be reversible, targeted blocking of immune inhibitory molecules could be a promising tool to restore the host immune responses against leukemic cells in CLL. Allahmoradi E, et al. Iran J Immunol. 2017; 14(4):257-269.
An Evolution of Urban Waterfront and Tourism: A Case in Makassar

Coastal evolution that occurs in some cities has become a story and a mirror to society with the presence of waterfront as an object of interest to urban tourism. Many coastal cities aspire as a waterfront city status. Such the city of Makassar is explicit as the historic coastal cities. And began to change the face of waterfront revitalization the city became attractive as a commercial and entertainment cities in the eastern part of Indonesia. The authors discuss how the morphological development of the cities and tourism to get clarity changes the character of the urban edge. This study used a qualitative approach through observation and in-depth interviews with stakeholders in Makassar. The analysis and findings revealed that the evolutionary history of the city of Makassar as a coastal city found five phases. And shows that each phase is an important element in realizing an urban identity Tourism became a catalyst in the development of the urban waterfront of Makassar to enhance the local identity.
Cash Distributions and Returns

Discounted cash ow analysis suggests that high cash-ow-to-price ratios should predict high future stock return, low future cash ow growth, or both. Existing studies on the predictive power of the dividend-price ratio, however, produce evidence largely inconsistent with this prediction. In this paper, we address this issue by focusing on the total cash distributions that include both dividends and share repurchases net of seasoned equity o¤erings. Utilizing a long time series of the total-cash-distributionsto-price (tp) ratio constructed from CRSP data since 1927, we establish strong and persistent evidence of stock return predictability at the annual horizon. Based on a wide variety of evaluation methods, the tp ratio is both statistically and economically signi cant in predicting future stock market returns, and serves as a pervasive state proxy. Keywords: Stock Return Predictability, Payout Policy, Market Timing Hypothesis. JEL Classi cation: G12, G35 I thank my dissertation committee members, Sugato Bhattacharyya, Bob Dittmar, Gautam Kaul (chair), Lutz Kilian, and Richard Sloan, for their dedicated guidance. I am grateful to Wayne Ferson for providing extremely useful advice. I also thank Malcolm Baker, Hank Bessembinder, Sreedhar Bharath, Joseph Chen, Mike Cooper, Mark Grinblatt, Levent Guntay, Umit Gurun, Paolo Pasquariello, Uday Rajan, Tyler Shumway, Clemens Sialm, Rex Thompson, Walter Torous, Charles Trzcinka, Luis Viceira, Lu Zheng, and seminar participants at the Financial Resesarch Association 2005 Meeting, HKUST, Indiana, McGill, National University of Singapore, Penn State, Southern Methodist University, Vanderbilt, University of Michigan, University of Oxford, University of Texas at Dallas, and University of Utah for valuable comments and suggestions. All errors are mine. Please address correspondence to Qin Lei, Stephen M. Ross School of Business at University of Michigan, Department of Finance, 701 Tappan Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Email: leiq@umich.edu.
Some thoughts on the control of network systems

The controllability of network-like systems is becoming a trendy key-issue in many disciplines, including ecology and biology. To control a biological, ecological or economic system is to make it behave according to our wishes, at the least possible cost. In this paper, I propose some ideas on networks control that do not precisely follow recent papers on the argument. By the way, since this scientific topic is still in open evolution, discordant thoughts might be helpful to the debate.
WHAT MAKES EXPERIENCE A MEMORABLE ONE FOR THE CUSTOMERS OF TOP INDONESIAN HOTELS

With the increased competition within the Indonesian hotel industry, the need for hoteliers to create memorable hotel experiences for customers is becoming increasingly important. A better understanding of how to create such experiences can help ensure customers revisit a hotel and maintain their sense of loyalty. This study analyses and discusses real hotel customers’ reviews and feedback about their stay in the Top 10 Hotels in Indonesia. The findings show that perceptions of hospitality, perceptions of space and the overall hotel experience are the three most important factors in creating a memorable experience for Indonesian hotel customers. Limitations of this study and the avenues for future study are also discussed.
BUSINESS CYCLE SYNCHRONISATION AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL: EVIDENCE FOR THE PORTUGUESE REGIONS

This paper looks at the synchronisation of product per capita in Portuguese regions at a disaggregated level over the period 1988-2010. Furthermore, it examines the volatility of the regional cycles by calculating dispersion measures. As a whole, results indicate that in Portugal, despite the geographical proximity of regions, there are substantial regional asymmetries in the amplitude and degree of association of regional business cycles. The discrepancy in the dynamics of the average correlations of the NUTSIII cycle with the regional (NUTSII) and national cycles supports the existence of a regional border effect.
Macrophage Polarization and Its Role in Cancer

The immune system plays an important role in the development of, and progression of cancer. Macrophages exhibit a variety of responses according to varying stimuli, and express different functions depending upon the microenvironment surrounding them. Macrophages can be pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2). Research studies have shown that infiltration of macrophages can account for >50% of the tumor mass in some cancers, aid in metastasis by inducing angiogenesis, and signify a poor prognosis. Macrophages that migrate to the tumor site, remain there, and aid in angiogenesis and metastasis are termed tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and are thought to express an M2 phenotype. This review will examine the polarization states of macrophages, their functions and role in cancer, their activation pathways and metabolism, and potential approaches to cancer immunotherapies using macrophages.
Preparation and Properties of Luminescent Lanthanide Based Graphene Oxide

Novel photoluminescent materials were prepared from the reaction of graphene oxide and luminescent lanthanides (europium, terbium, gadolinium, samarium, and dysprosium) in methanol at high pH. The binding of the lanthanides to graphene oxide through the oxygen functionality was evidenced by the sharp enhancement of laser induced luminescence and the appearance of peaks in specific regions of the spectra of the lanthanides. Raman spectroscopy indicated that the graphene oxide maintained its structure within the material and verified the complexation with the lanthanide. Surface morphology studies using SEM and TEM demonstrated the coverage of the graphene oxide surface by the lanthanide. Although some limited work has been published on europium and graphene oxide, this is the first study encompassing the majority of the luminescent lanthanides, taking full advantage of their capabilities including advanced electronic structure, raman and visible luminescence in a variety of colors.
An advantage for targets located horizontally to the cued location

Over the years a number of researchers have reported enhanced performance of targets located horizontally to a cued location relative to those located vertically. However, many of these reports could stem from a known meridian asymmetry in which stimuli on the horizontal meridian show a performance advantage relative to those on the vertical meridian. Here we show a horizontal advantage for target and cue locations that reside outside the zone of asymmetry; that is, targets that appear horizontal to the cue, but above or below the horizontal meridian, are more accurate than those that appear vertical to the cue, but again either above or below the horizontal meridian (Experiments 1 and 4). This advantage does not extend to non-symmetrically located targets in the opposite hemifield (Experiment 2), nor horizontally located targets within the same hemifield (Experiment 3). These data raise the possibility that display designs in which the target and cue locations are positioned symmetrically across the vertical midline may be underestimating the cue validity effect.
Detection of mammalian-like group a rotavirus in diarrhoeic poultry using RNA-PAGE In Kerala, India

The present work was conducted to determine the prevalence of rotavirus infection among poultry birds having diarrhoea. A total of 143 faecal samples were collected from different parts of Kerala and screened for the presence of rotavirus using RNA polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (RNA-PAGE). Out of 143 samples, 5 (3.49%) were found to be positive in RNA PAGE with a migration pattern 4:2:3:2 of a mammalian-like electropherogroup A rotavirus. The study records the first evidence of rota virus detection from avian species in Kerala.
TPR is required for the nuclear export of mRNAs and lncRNAs from intronless and intron-poor genes

While splicing has been shown to enhance nuclear export, it has remained unclear whether mRNAs generated from intronless genes use specific machinery to promote their export. Here we investigate the role of the major nuclear pore basket protein, TPR, in regulating mRNA and lncRNA nuclear export in human cells. By sequencing mRNA from the nucleus and cytosol of control and TPR-depleted cells, we provide evidence that TPR is required for the nuclear export of mRNAs and lncRNAs that are generated from intronless and intron-poor genes, and we validate this with reporter constructs. Moreover, in TPR-depleted cells reporter mRNAs generated from intronless genes accumulate in nuclear speckles and are bound to Nxf1. These observations suggest that TPR acts downstream of Nxf1 recruitment, and may allow mRNAs to leave nuclear speckles and properly dock with the nuclear pore. In summary, our study provides one of the first examples of a factor that is required for the nuclear export of intronless and intron-poor mRNAs and lncRNAs.
MODELS FOR TIME-VARIATION OF MECHANICAL STRENGTH FOR MATERIALS AND MACHINE PARTS

The paper presents experimental results which demonstrate that both elasticity and fracture strength decrease during useful life. Experiments allow the determination of the qualitative characteristics of phenomena such as lowering elasticity and strength caused by intrinsic interference between the strength of metals and their usage stress. Based on experiments, the paper models the prediction with time of fracture probability and safety coefficients in two frequent practical situations: 1. Deterministic strength according to mean value and 2. Probabilistic strength with normal (Gaussian) distribution. In both cases it is considered an ergodic distribution of stress, variable between the extreme values adopted in the design phase.
Dynamic capabilities in small and medium manufacturing firms in rural Finland â€“ role of social capital?

During the last decade, there has been wide agreement on the importance of dynamic capabilities on economic performance of firms. Simultaneously an increasing literature suggests that economic dynamics is embedded in social relations and social institutions. In this article, the determinants of dynamic capabilities of small manufacturing Finnish firms will be explored. Specifically we focus on the importance of social capital for firm dynamics. According to analysis, the most important antecedents of dynamic capabilities of firms are its strategy and social capital. Social capital as wide and active participation in network cooperation correlates statistically significantly with the firm dynamics. Social capital increases firm dynamics by enhancing communication and knowledge spillovers in corporate networks. Active networkers gain important information from their bridging and linking ties, such as other firms and public institutions. According to the analysis, the increase of trust in business relations does not correlate with the dynamic capabilities. Instead trust acts as a trigger factor when firms consider their network activities. Keywords: social capital, networks, trust, dynamic capabilities, small and medium sized enterprises
Induction of type 2 diabetes with high concentration and long term fructose intake in male Sprague-Dawley rats

Introduction: High calorie diet is becoming the most important health problem in most developed western societies. Diets with high caloric contents such as high fructose intake are associated with increasing risk of type two diabetes (T2D) and insulin resistance (IR). However, large differences have been seen in the dose and duration of fructose consumption to induction of T2D. Interest to develop animal models, in which IR is induced by feeding a high caloric diet, is the main aim of this study. Materials and methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly sorted into three groups, control and fructose-treated (10 and 20 %) animals. After 6 and 14 weeks, fluid intake, body weight, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, metabolic parameters (glucose, insulin, triglyceride, cholesterol, uric acid) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were checked. Results: There was no difference between the body weight of the fructose-treated (10 and 20 %) and control groups during the experiment. Fluid intake in fructose-treated ones (10 and 20 %) was significantly higher than the control group from third week to the end of experiment. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was the same for all groups in either sixth or fourteenth weeks. Fasting plasma insulin, triglyceride, uric acid and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and glucose tests showed significant enhancement in fructose-treated rats (20%) only after 14 weeks. Conclusion: Consumption of high fructose solution (20%) for 14 weeks could induce IR, but using of low dose of fructose (10% for 6 or 14 weeks) didn’t develop it.
Aquaporin and aquaglyceroporin genes have different expression levels in the digestive tract and Malpighian tubules of honey bee nurses and foragers (Apis mellifera)

The major intrinsic protein (MIP) is vital to a fast water transport through cellular membranes. Many studies about the insect MIP family, such as aquaporins and aquaglyceroporins, have been published so far, but research on honey bee (Apis mellifera) aquaporins is still poor. Five putative MIPs have been identified for the honey bee. We investigated the expression of one aquaporin and two aquaglyceroporins in the digestive tract and Malpighian tubules of nurses and foragers of A. mellifera. Honey bees were collected and dissected for mRNA extraction followed by cDNA synthesis. qPCR was performed with primers for Am_Eglp 1, Am_PRIP and Am_Eglp 2, and the reference gene RpL32. The expression profile varied depending on the evaluated organ and honey bee task. The crop of nurse bees showed higher transcript quantities for the three tested genes. In the midgut of nurse workers, Am_PRIP and Am_Eglp 2 were highly expressed, while Am_Eglp 1 had similar expression level comparing nurses and foragers. In the ileum and rectum, the tested MIPs are highly expressed in forager workers. In Malpighian tubules, Am_Eglp 1 was higher expressed in nurses, whereas Am_PRIP and Am_Eglp 2 had similar quantities in nurse and foragers. Our findings provide new data for future studies on the role of aquaporin and aquaglyceroporin in the digestion and osmoregulation of A. mellifera.
Accumulation of and Response to Auxins in Roots and Nodules of the Actinorhizal Plant Datisca glomerata Compared to the Model Legume Medicago truncatula

Actinorhizal nodules are structurally different from legume nodules and show a greater similarity to lateral roots. Because of the important role of auxins in lateral root and nodule formation, auxin profiles were examined in roots and nodules of the actinorhizal species Datisca glomerata and the model legume Medicago truncatula. The auxin response in roots and nodules of both species was analyzed in transgenic root systems expressing a beta-glucuronidase gene under control of the synthetic auxin-responsive promoter DR5. The effects of two different auxin on root development were compared for both species. The auxin present in nodules at the highest levels was phenylacetic acid (PAA). No differences were found between the concentrations of active auxins of roots vs. nodules, while levels of the auxin conjugate indole-3-acetic acid-alanine were increased in nodules compared to roots of both species. Because auxins typically act in concert with cytokinins, cytokinins were also quantified. Concentrations of cis-zeatin and some glycosylated cytokinins were dramatically increased in nodules compared to roots of D. glomerata, but not of M. truncatula. The ratio of active auxins to cytokinins remained similar in nodules compared to roots in both species. The auxin response, as shown by the activation of the DR5 promoter, seemed significantly reduced in nodules compared to roots of both species, suggesting the accumulation of auxins in cell types that do not express the signal transduction pathway leading to DR5 activation. Effects on root development were analyzed for the synthetic auxin naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and PAA, the dominant auxin in nodules. Both auxins had similar effects, except that the sensitivity of roots to PAA was lower than to NAA. However, while the effects of both auxins on primary root growth were similar for both species, effects on root branching were different: both auxins had the classical positive effect on root branching in M. truncatula, but a negative effect in D. glomerata. Such a negative effect of exogenous auxin on root branching has previously been found for a cucurbit that forms lateral root primordia in the meristem of the parental root; however, root branching in D. glomerata does not follow that pattern.
Protein polyglutamylation catalyzed by the bacterial calmodulin-dependent pseudokinase SidJ

Pseudokinases are considered to be the inactive counterparts of conventional protein kinases and comprise approximately 10% of the human and mouse kinomes. Here we report the crystal structure of the Legionella pneumophila effector protein, SidJ, in complex with the eukaryotic Ca2+-binding regulator, Calmodulin (CaM). The structure reveals that SidJ contains a protein kinase-like fold domain, which retains a majority of the characteristic kinase catalytic motifs. However, SidJ fails to demonstrate kinase activity. Instead, mass spectrometry and in vitro biochemical analysis demonstrate that SidJ modifies another Legionella effector SdeA, an unconventional phosphoribosyl ubiquitin ligase, by adding glutamate molecules to a specific residue of SdeA in a CaM-dependent manner. Furthermore, we show that SidJ-mediated polyglutamylation suppresses the ADP-ribosylation activity. Our work further implies that some pseudokinases may possess ATP-dependent activities other than conventional phosphorylation.
URANS-Based Prediction of Vortex Induced Vibrations of Circular Cylinders

Vortex induced vibrations (VIV) are highly nonlinear due to three different frequencies involved in the process; fluid force frequency, vortex shedding frequency and oscillation frequency. It is computationally complex to solve such a chaotic fluid flow but recent progress in numerical algorithms, turbulence models and computer capabilities have made it easier to approach the problem with a nonlinear approach. These developments have paved the way to approach the problem with the simple equation of motion of Newton’s law and when coupled with URANS, which is a commonly used method in solving problems related to fluid flow, the highly nonlinear problem of vortex induced vibrations become solvable. The existing literature computationally can only handle flows for > 10,000 − 12,000 but the numerical methodology adopted in this study furthers this limitation. The numerical algorithm is first tried for a stationary cylinder and the boundary layer separation is investigated for higher . The generated results are found to be satisfactory to proceed solving for VIV at high . The solution strategy is tested in a wide range of Reynolds number with different springs and damping coefficients. Satisfactory agreement is found with the experiments for a cylinder in VIV. The shortcomings of the computational work and why these limitations arise are tried to be explained using the experimental results and the existing mathematical models.
On the uniform one-dimensional fragment over ordered models

The uniform one-dimensional fragment U1 is a recently introduced extension of the two-variable fragment FO. The logic U1 enables the use of relation symbols of all arities and thereby extends the scope of applications of FO. In this thesis we show that the satisfiability and finite satisfiability problems of U1 over linearly ordered models are NExpTime-complete. The corresponding problems for FO are likewise NExpTime-complete, so the transition from FO to U1 in the ordered realm causes no increase in complexity. To contrast our results, we also establish that U1 with an unrestricted use of two built-in linear orders is undecidable.
Ownership structure and innovation : Is there a real link ? ( Preliminary Version-April 2003 )

this work focuses on the study of the relationship between ownership structure and control of the company and its innovative activity. Taking Geroski's model as a starting point, its aim is to analyse the role that may be played by determinants within the company related to ownership structure when the decision to incur research and development costs is taken. Conclusions may be drawn from the analysis regarding the effect of mechanisms adopted to alleviate the problems of agency that arise because of the lack of identity between ownership and control in decision-making posts on the management of innovative activities in the company. The study was carried out for the years 1994 and 2000, using a representative sample of Spanish manufacturing industries.