Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelling Time in Full System Simulation

Simulation of computer systems is becoming increasingly important in areas such as code optimization, performance evaluation and processor and memory system design. An important trade-off in simulator design is performance vs. abstraction of the model. Simics is a full system simulator, capable of simulating an entire computer system, including the processor, TLB, MMU, memory hierarchy and surrounding devices. We have implemented an UltraSPARC-III module for Simics using its micro architecture API. Selected timing features of the UltraSPARC-III processor, along with its memory system, have been implemented and validated against hardware. We, further, show that distinguishing between function and time eases the implementation of a processor micro architecture model. Modellering av tid i fullsystemssimulering Implementation av en mikroarkitekturmodell av en UltraSPARC-III-processor for Simics Simulering av datorsystem blir allt viktigare inom omraden sasom kodoptimering, prestanda-matning och processoroch minnessystemsdesign. En viktig avvagning i simulatorkonstruktion ligger mellan prestanda och modellens abstraktionsniva. Simics ar en simulator som kan simulera kompletta datorsystem, inklusive processor, TLB, MMU, minneshierarki och kringutrustning. Vi har implementerat en UltraSPARC-III-modul for Simics med hjalp av dess granssnitt for mikroarkitekturmodeller. Valda tidsaspekter hos en UltraSPARC-III-processor har, tillsammans med dess minnessystem, implementerats och bekraftats mot hardvara. Vi visar ocksa att implementeringen av en processors mikroarkitekturmodell forenklas genom uppdelning av simulering i funktion och tid.
A novel technique for in situ aggregation of Gluconobacter oxydans using bio‐adhesive magnetic nanoparticles

Here, we present a novel technique to immobilize magnetic particles onto whole Gluconobacter oxydans in situ via a synthetic adhesive biomimetic material inspired by the protein glues of marine mussels. Our approach involves simple coating of a cell adherent polydopamine film onto magnetic nanoparticles, followed by conjugation of the polydopamine‐coated nanoparticles to G. oxydans which resulted in cell aggregation. After optimization, 21.3 mg (wet cell weight) G. oxydans per milligram of nanoparticle was aggregated and separated with a magnet. Importantly, the G. oxydan aggregates showed high specific activity and good reusability. The facile approach offers the potential advantages of low cost, easy cell separation, low diffusion resistance, and high efficiency. Furthermore, the approach is a convenient platform technique for magnetization of cells in situ by direct mixing of nanoparticles with a cell suspension. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109: 2970–2977. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Positive correlation between anxiety severity and plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in medication‐free patients experiencing a major episode of depression

Abstract Although numerous studies have identified a correlation between dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels and anxiety or depression, those findings remain controversial. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether a correlation exists between depression severity and anxiety severity and serum DHEAS concentrations in medication‐free patients experiencing a major depressive episode. Twenty‐eight medication‐free major depressive outpatients (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression 17 [HAM‐D 17] score ≥17) were enrolled consecutively. Plasma DHEAS levels of all subjects were measured. Blood from subjects was drawn at 0900–1100 h Depression severity was assessed with the HAM‐D 17 and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) depression subscale. Anxiety was assessed using the HADS anxiety subscale. Serum concentrations of DHEAS were measured immediately following the HAM‐D 17 and HADS assessments. A significant, positive correlation was identified between HADS anxiety subscale total score and morning serum DHEAS concentration (P = 0.013) after controlling for age, gender and body mass index (BMI). No statistically significant correlations were found between depression ratings and morning serum DHEAS concentrations. This preliminary study provides pilot data indicating that morning serum DHEAS concentrations were positively correlated with HADS anxiety subscale score (anxiety severity) after controlling for age, gender and BMI in medication‐free outpatients experiencing a major depressive episode. It is not known if morning serum DHEAS levels would show similar or dissimilar changes in non‐depressed subjects. The present result needs subsequent replication.
Fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FAST-FLAIR) of ischemic lesions in the brain: comparison with T2-weighted turbo SE.

PURPOSE We compared fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FAST-FLAIR) images with Turbo SE T2-weighted images to evaluate the detectability of small ischemic lesions in the brain. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six cases of multiple cerebral ischemic lesions were examined with FAST-FLAIR and Turbo SE imaging. The detectability of lesions, ability to discriminate lesions from the cortex, visualization of perivascular space, and visualization of brainstem lesions were compared between the two sequences. RESULTS The total number of lesions detected on both sequences was 534 in 36 cases. Six lesions in three cases were detected only on FAST-FLAIR, and one lesion in one case was detected only on the Turbo SE. All the 52 lesions located close to the cortex could be discriminated from the cortex on the FAST-FLAIR images, while 23 of these lesions could not be discriminated on the Turbo SE. Perivascular spaces were not visualized as areas of high signal on the FAST-FLAIR images. Pontine lesions that were visualized in four cases were clearer on the Turbo SE images than on the FAST-FLAIR images. CONCLUSION The FAST-FLAIR images were shown to be useful in the detection of ischemic lesions and in distinguishing them from the surrounding normal structures. The FAST-FLAIR sequence is expected to become a new additional routine sequence.
Primary Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty in Octogenarians: Two to Eleven-Year Follow-up

Background: Cementless total hip arthroplasty is an accepted alternative to total hip arthroplasty with cement in younger patients, but it remains controversial for elderly patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of cementless total hip arthroplasty with use of a proximally coated stem in patients who were at least eighty years of age at the time of the operation. Methods: One hundred and twenty-three cementless total hip replacements were performed for the treatment of osteoarthritis in 114 patients between the ages of eighty and eighty-nine years. Seven patients (eight hips) died within two years after the surgery, seventeen patients (eighteen hips) died more than two years postoperatively but were not followed for at least two years, and five hips were lost to follow-up; this left ninety-two hips in eighty-six patients for review. The mean duration of follow-up was five years (range, two to eleven years). For the clinical evaluation, the Charnley modification of the Merle d’Aubigné and Postel scale was used. In addition, preoperative and postoperative Harris hip scores were available for sixty-nine hips. Seventy-eight hips were followed radiographically for two years or more. The focus of the radiographic evaluation was the status of the fixation of the femoral and acetabular components as well as cup wear. Results: Perioperative medical complications occurred in association with 24% (thirty) of the 123 operations, but there were no deaths. The mean Charnley scores for pain and function for the ninety-two hips that were followed clinically for at least two years improved by 3.0 and 1.4 points, respectively. The sixty-nine hips for which preoperative and postoperative Harris hip scores were available had a mean improvement of 42 points, with a mean score of 82 points at the last follow-up evaluation. Mild thigh pain was present in four patients, but it did not limit their activity. There were no femoral component revisions. All of the femoral components were radiographically stable and had bone ingrowth. No acetabular component failed by loosening, but 41% (thirty) of the seventy-three hips with radiographs available for measurement of wear showed polyethylene wear. Of the seventy-eight cups that were followed radiographically for two years or more, 4% (three) were associated with lysis, but none had been revised. Conclusions: Cementless fixation in the elderly is safe, effective, and durable at the time of two to eleven-year follow-up.
Combined laser tweezers and dielectric field cage for the analysis of receptor‐ligand interactions on single cells

A new technique based on the combination of optical and chip‐based dielectrophoretical trapping was developed and employed to manipulate cells and beads with micrometer precision. The beads were trapped with optical tweezers (OT) and brought into contact for defined times with cells held in the dielectrophoretic field cage (DFC). The well‐defined ligand‐receptor system biotin‐streptavidin was used to study the multiple interaction between biotinylated live cells and streptavidin‐coated beads. The biotin density on the cell surface was varied down to a few single bonds (3 ± 2 bonds/μm2) to control the valency of the binding. The quantitative relationship between the contact area, ligand density and its diffusion rate in the outer membrane of the cell could be demonstrated. The increase of the strength of the cell‐bead adhesion was strictly dependent on the increase of individual bond numbers in the contact area. This is in part due to accumulation of ligands (D ˜ (0.5 ± 0.1) 10—8 cm2/s) in the contact area as seen by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Individual receptor‐ligand rupture forces were evaluated and are compatible with values obtained by biomembrane force probe techniques. To summarize, the combination leads to a new powerful microsystem for cell handling and pN‐force measurements on the single‐cell level.
Load Sharing Strategies in Multiple Compressor Refrigeration Systems

Many refrigeration systems have multiple compressors that operate in parallel to meet the aggregate cooling load requirements of the system. Often, individual compressors are equipped with a means of modulating their capacity to match the instantaeous refrigeration demand. Since the efficiency of a compressor changes as it is unloaded (often efficiency decreases), the part-load characteristics of individual compressors will influence the efficiency of the entire system. For this reason, it is desirable to identify operating strategies, properly accounting for compressor unloading characteristics, that maximize the efficiency of the entire system. In this paper, we show that when two identical screw compressors are operating in parallel, there exists an optimum point at which it is best to switch from each compressor equally sharing the load to one compressor operating at full load and the other unloaded to match the remaining system load When two screw compressors of different sizes are operating, an optimal compressor control map can be developed which maximizes the efficiency of the entire system over the entire range of loads. These optimum operating maps are shown to depend on the characteristics of the individual compressor’s unloading performance and the relative sizes of compressors. An optimum control strategy for systems having multiple compressors, screw and/or reciprocating, can be implemented using the concept of crossover points introduced in this paper.
Prognostic value of adenosine stress myocardial perfusion by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has been intensely researched in recent years, and its high diagnostic accuracy for myocardial ischemia has been demonstrated. However, its prognostic information is very limited. AIM We sought to assess the value of adenosine stress myocardial perfusion by CMR in predicting cardiac events in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). DESIGN Retrospective study. METHODS From January 2003 to December 2008, we retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with or without history of CAD referred for evaluation of suspected myocardial ischemia who had undergone adenosine stress CMR in our hospital. End points were cardiac death or non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI). RESULTS After a mean follow-up of 3.2 ± 1.6 years in 203 patients, 15 (7.4%) cardiac events occurred. The 4-year event-free survival was 96.2% for patients with normal stress CMR perfusion and 71.5% for those with abnormal stress CMR perfusion. Univariate analysis showed that both adenosine-induced reversible perfusion defect and delayed gadolinium enhancement by CMR were significant predictors of cardiac events [Hazard ratio (HR) 9.31; 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 3.18-27.3; and HR 9.24; 95% CI 3.27-26.08; P < 0.001, respectively). By multivariate analysis, adenosine-induced reversible perfusion defect remained an independent predictor of cardiac events (HR 7.77; 95% CI 2.50-24.18; P < 0.001). In a stepwise multivariate model (Cox regression), an abnormal stress CMR perfusion result had significant incremental predictive value over clinical risk factors and resting regional wall motion abnormality (RWMA) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In patients with known or suspected CAD, adenosine stress CMR could be used to identify patients at high risk for subsequent cardiac death or nonfatal MI. A normal CMR perfusion was associated with a very low long-term event rate and excellent long-term prognosis. In addition, stress CMR perfusion provided important incremental prognostic information over clinical risk factors and RWMA.
ANALYSIS OF PRIOR INFORMATION FOR THE BAYESIAN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS IN HODGKIN-HUXLEY ́ S MODEL

The classical model of Hodgkin and Huxley for the action potential in excitable cells, such as axons or Purkinje fibers, is addressed in this paper. Hodgkin and Huxley proposed that the action potential be modeled in terms of an electric circuit with capacitance and ionic electrical currents. Sodium and Potassium ions are the most influential in the action potential and are distinguished in terms of their own proper currents, in comparison to the other ions. The model involves a non-linear system of four ordinary differential equations, the coefficients of which are given in terms of functions of the applied potential, and involve several empirical parameters. One important point about such parameters is their variability, like from one individual to another. In this paper, we apply the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method for the estimation of a parameters appearing in Hodgkin-Huxley ́s model, by using simulated measurements of the action potential. For the application of the MCMC method, an analysis is performed regarding the prior distribution used for the unknown parameter. Among the priors examined in this paper we have Uniform, Gaussian, Log-normal and Rayleigh distributions.
Oocyte plasma membrane proteins and the appearance of vitellogenin binding protein during oocyte growth in the lizard Podarcis sicula.

In the ovary of the lizard Podarcis sicula, the micropinocytotic uptake of the yolk exogenous precursor (i.e., vitellogenin; VTG) occurs only in the reproductive period and involves the plasma membrane of > or =2000-microm oocytes. This paper analyzes the intrinsic proteins extracted from the plasma membrane of growing oocytes to identify the vitellogenin binding protein during the different stages of the annual ovarian cycle of this species. Despite the well-known ultrastructural changes of the oocyte plasma membrane, SDS-PAGE failed to show marked variation in the total number of membrane proteins during the most significant stages of oocyte auxocytosis. Nevertheless, ligand blotting, using homologous VTG and anti-VTG, revealed that an congruent with115-kDa protein of the oocyte plasma membrane bound plasma vitellogenin only in the reproductive period (spring-summer) in both vitellogenic and nonvitellogenic oocytes. During the nonreproductive period, this molecule was never observed. However, it could be induced in the coldest months (winter) by hypophyseal gonadotropins.
Diabetic retinopathy: time for action. No complacency please!

Editor – The importance of diabetic retinopathy as a cause of blindness has increased because of longevity and decline in the other preventable causes of blindness in developing countries (1). A diabetic can have a serious eye disease and not even know it until irreversible vision loss has occurred. It is estimated that by the year 2010 the world diabetic population will have doubled, reaching an estimated 221 million (2). The timely diagnosis and referral for management of diabetic retinopathy can prevent 98% of severe visual loss (3). Early diagnosis and treatment of diabetic retinopathy in Sweden has resulted in the virtual elimination of blindness due to diabetic retinopathy (4). An estimated 2–5% of diabetics have proliferative diabetic retinopathy (5) which, if not treated, causes blindness in more than 50% (6). Therefore it would be correct to state that the underlying cause of blindness in the majority of diabetic patients is not diabetic retinopathy but the misdiagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. To achieve near universal coverage, the screening method should be community-based and the point of delivery within easy reach of the population. Currently, yearly dilated direct ophthalmoscopic examination seems the best approach but the number of ophthalmologists available is the limiting factor in initiating an ophthalmologistbased screening service inmost countries. Because of this, screening will have to be organized in an ‘‘ophthalmologist-led’’ system rather than an ‘‘ophthalmologistbased’’ one in most communities. It is a sad state of affairs that a strategy which is cost-effective and has proved its worth (4) is not being implemented by many countries. Despite the fact that most diabetic patients attend some sort of health facility, their eye disease remains undetected because it is not looked for until the patient is symptomatic. Clearly, a ‘‘team’’ approach to screening, detecting, managing and monitoring the complex facets of this disease will serve the best interests of the patient. The present need is to make screening for diabetic retinopathy mandatory by all sufficiently trained health care providers, at least for all diabetic patients attending any sort of health care clinic. We must respond now, not with excuses but with action. n
Genome Sequence of the Protease-Producing Bacterium Rheinheimera nanhaiensis E407-8T, Isolated from Deep-Sea Sediment of the South China Sea

ABSTRACT The protease-producing bacterium E407-8T was isolated from deep-sea sediment of the South China Sea and has been identified recently as representing a new species, Rheinheimera nanhaiensis. The draft genome of R. nanhaiensis E407-8T consists of 3,987,205 bp and contains 3,730 predicated protein-coding genes, including 82 extracellular peptidase genes.
Building and Exploiting User Models

This paper describes the issues involved in building and exploiting individual user models in order to guide the performance of an interactive system. A system called Grundy, that recommends novels to people, is described and analyzed as a forum in which to explore those issues. One of the major techniques exploited in Grundy is the use of stereotypes as a mechanism for quickly producing an initial approximation to a model of the user. Experiments with the system show that despite the fact that stereotypes are inherently imperfect, their use does contibute significantly to the system's ability to build useful models of its users.
Endogenous hypertriglyceridemia in type II hyperlipoproteinemia.

Several types of familial hypercholesterolemia are now recognized (Fredrickson et al. 1967). The first to be described, Type II hyperlipoproteinemia, is more common, and most reported cases of "familial xanthomatous hypercholesterolemia" appear to be of this type (Fredrickson 1960). Type III hyperlipoproteinemia, the less common condition, has only recently been recognized. Elevated serum-triglyceride concentrations have been found in all cases of Type III recognized to date, and for some time it seemed probable that serum-triglyceride concentration alone could be used to distinguish Type II from Type III because hypertriglyceridemia was not thought to occur in Type II (Fredrickson and Lees 1966). Fredrickson surveyed the literature describing familial hypercholesterolemia in 1966 and found that "abnormal glyceride concentrations tend to be present in all or none of the members of families which share in common hypercholesterolemia and xanthomatosis" (Fredrickson and Lees 1966). In Fredrickson's survey, families with concurrent hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia were a minority and were considered Type III. The remaining families were felt to be Type II, although they contained some individuals with questionably elevated triglyceride concentration. As a rule, only single outpatient triglyceride determinations had been obtained in these individuals. More recent work has shown clear differences in the combined ultracentrifugalelectrophoretic behavior of lipoproteins of the two conditions and has greatly clarified the nature of Type III. The hypertriglyceridemia of Type III has now been shown to be transported principally by a unique lipoprotein species, the so-called broad ,3 lipoproteins (Fredrickson et al. 1968). The ultracentrifugal density of lipoproteins migrating with f3 mobility during electrophoresis is less than 1.006 in Type III, but greater than 1.006 in Type II (Fredrickson et al. 1968). Ultracentrifugal analysis alone or in combination with electrophoresis is now the accepted means for differential diagnosis, and Type III has now emerged as a distinct entity exhibiting flat palmar xanthomas not seen in Type II (Fredrickson et al. 1969). In view of the clearer picture of Type III, it now seems proper to reinvestigate the occasional hypertriglyceridemia seen in Type II. A recent report indicates that triglyceride concentrations as high as 870 mg/100 ml have been observed in patients
The television eye marker as a recording and control mechanism.

The Television Eye Marker utilizes the reflection of a light from the cornea to record the position of a man's gaze upon a picture of the scene at which he is looking. This corneal reflection is viewed under magnification by a television camera while the scene is viewed by a second television camera and the outputs of the two cameras are combined. The resultant picture on the monitor television screen shows the scene with a bright spot superimposed, indicating the position and movements of the subject's gaze. This can be photographed by a motion picture camera. The bright spot is called the Eye Marker. Photocells are mounted against the monitor television screen and are thus activated when the Eye Marker passes beneath them. The position of each phootocell is correlated with a position in the scene so that when the subject looks at a point in the scene, the corresponding photocell is activated. The photocell output is used to record the positions of visual fixation, and also to control the visual or other information presented to the subject. A method of converting the photocell output into signals in the teletype code is described.