Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supplementary material to "Third Revision of the Global Surface Seawater Dimethyl Sulfide Climatology (DMS-Rev3)"

Abstract. This paper presents an updated estimation of the bottom-up global surface seawater dimethyl sulfide (DMS) climatology. This update, called DMS-Rev3, is the third of its kind and includes five significant changes from the last climatology, ‘L11’ (Lana et al., 2011) that was released about a decade ago. The first change is the inclusion of new observations that have become available over the last decade, creating a database of 872,427 observations leading to a ~18-fold increase in raw data as compared to the last estimation The second is significant improvements in data handling, processing, and filtering, to avoid biases due to different observation frequencies which results from different measurement techniques. Thirdly, we incorporate the dynamic seasonal changes observed in the geographic boundaries of the ocean biogeochemical provinces. The fourth change involves the refinement of the interpolation algorithm used to fill in the missing data. And finally, an upgraded smoothing algorithm based on observed DMS variability length scales (VLS) helps to reproduce a more realistic distribution of the DMS concentration data. The results show that DMS-Rev3 estimates the global annual mean DMS concentration to be ~1.87 nM (2.35 nM without a sea-ice mask), i.e., about 4 % lower than the previous bottom-up ‘L11’ climatology. However, significant regional differences of more than 100 % as compared to L11 are observed. The global sea to air flux of DMS is estimated at ~27 TgS yr−1 which is about 4 % lower than L11, although, like the DMS distribution, large regional differences were observed. The largest changes are observed in high concentration regions such as the polar oceans, although oceanic regions that were under-sampled in the past also show large differences between revisions of the climatology. Finally, DMS-Rev3 reduces the previously observed patchiness in high productivity regions.
Making the mundane remarkable: an ethnography of the ‘dignity encounter’ in community district nursing

Abstract The concept of dignity is core to community district nursing practice, yet it is profoundly complex with multiple meanings and interpretations. Dignity does not exist absolutely, but, rather, becomes socially (de)constructed through and within social interactions between nurses and older adult patients in relational aspects of care. It is a concept, however, which has, to date, received little attention in the context of the community nursing care of older adults. Previous research into dignity in health care has often focused on care within institutional environments, very little, however, explores the variety of ways in which dignity is operationalised in community settings where district nursing care is conducted ‘behind closed doors’, largely free from the external gaze. This means dignity (or the lack of it) may go unobserved in community settings. Drawing on observational and interview data, this paper highlights the significance of dignity for older adults receiving nursing care in their own homes. We will demonstrate, in particular, how dignity manifests within the relational aspects of district nursing care delivery and how tasks involving bodywork can be critical to the ways in which dignity is both promoted and undermined. We will further highlight how micro-articulations in caring relationships fundamentally shape the ‘dignity encounter’ through a consideration of the routine and, arguably, mundane aspects of community district nursing care in the home.
Atrial septal perforation with Needle's Eye Snare during transvenous lead extraction

Although the Needle's Eye Snare (Cook Medical) has been considered useful for lead extraction, serious complications can occur. We presented a case of atrial septal perforation associated with the Needle's Eye Snare. Our case highlights the importance of not persisting with the Needle's Eye Snare to prevent atrial damage.
Hardware Trojan detection for lightweight ciphers implemented on field‐programmable gate arrays using the replay algorithm

Hardware Trojans (HTs) are malicious and intentional modification of the hardware design, embedded by an adversary to leak sensitive data, modify functionality, or cause malfunction. Lightweight ciphers are designed for resource‐constrained devices (RCDs) to balance resources and security, but often targeted by HTs. This work aims to create a trusted lightweight cipher design and detect complex sequential HTs using a runtime monitoring method with minimal resource overhead. The novelty of the approach is that it combines full or partial temporal redundancy, resource minimization, and runtime monitoring. The algorithm employs temporal redundancy, by executing a first run of the cipher, and then replays the cipher fully (ReplayN method) or partially (ReplayN/2 method). A mismatch indicates HT activity, and a third replay is executed to determine the correct results. The ReplayN/2 algorithm further optimizes time and energy by limiting replay to the second half of the cipher rounds. The proposed method is compared with other existing methods including triple modular redundancy (TMR), adapted triple modular redundancy (ATMR), and reverse‐function redundancy (RFR). All methods were implemented in field‐programmable gate array (FPGA) technology. Implementation performance metrics were measured and compared, including resource utilization (i.e., logical elements [LEs]), power, energy (E), and speed (i.e., Fmax). The results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing methods in most of the metrics. In terms of speed and area, the replay algorithm is faster by 24% and reduces total LEs by 42% when compared with existing methods. Regarding power, replay algorithm reduces power by 45% when compared with TMR and ATMR. With respect to energy, replay methods reduce energy by an average of 6% when compared with TMR and ATMR. The ReplayN/2 reduces energy by an average 15% when compared with TMR and ATMR. Based on the E×LE (i.e., energy × area) metric, ReplayN/2 is the top performing method as it balances area and energy metrics. Using E×LEFmax metric, the replay methods are the best performing methods as they best balance area, energy, and speed. Also, based on ThroughputLE2 metric, the replay methods are the top performing methods.
Place of articulation shifts in sound change: A gradual road to the unmarked

This paper investigates place of articulation shifts involving heterosyllabic C[non-coronal]C[coronal] clusters. Such phenomena are found, among other languages, in the diachrony of Italiot Greek, where three typologically different historical stages are observed: (a) no shifts; (b) dorsal > labial shift; (c) dorsal, labial > coronal shift. Drawing on Rice's (1994) model of the Place node and the markedness hierarchy dorsal ≺ labial ≺ coronal (with “≺” denoting ‘more marked than’) (de Lacy 2002), I maintain that these shifts reduce the markedness of codas. The gradual typological changes are accounted for in terms of Property Theory (Alber & Prince 2015).
DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS OF PUBLIC HEALTHCARE AND EDUCATION EXPENDITURE: A CASE OF THAILAND

The policy advocacy of academics and researchers signify the public spending on education and health as the positive externalities and spillover effects in the society. It also promotes that social spending helps reducing income inequality and eventually reduce poverty. This study aims at analyzing the distributional effects of social spending on education and health by examining the pre and post income distribution in Thailand following the quantitative dataset of 2011. It follows calculation of benefit incidences, which is a method of computing distributional effects of public spending, based on different five income groups (poorest, poor, moderate, rich & riches). The study divulges that Thai education system seems to be pro-poor particularly for primary and secondary education whereas healthcare seems pro-rich. It is revealed that benefit of the poorest income group increased from 8.16 per cent to 9.51 per cent while it decreased from 41.48 per cent to 39.86 per cent for the richest group after government expenditure. The increase for poor and decrease for rich in income benefit after public expenditure is treated as positive for the society. The total public expenditure on these two sectors in Thailand denotes the decrease in inequality as the Gini coefficient went down to 0.2818 from 0.3056. The study suggests increasing expenditure for the rural and poor people to minimize the gap. A special stipend is suggested for the rural student to at tertiary level where richest has highest share and there is big gap in at this level. The study also recommends establishing more higher education institutes at the provincial level to benefit the poor and rural people living away from the capital. Study suggests government to impose tax on private healthcare, which is usually availed by affluent people. Likewise, government can spend more money for lower income group. Policy should also formulate to emphasize rural people than urban in order to provide benefit to the poor.
Como a pandemia COVID-19 afetou o setor da restauração em Portugal - Análise temática qualitativa com o apoio do MaxQDA

This short article focuses on the use of MaxQda in the thematic analysis (TA) process, based on a study where interviews were carried out with stakeholders in the restaurant sector on how the crisis arising from the COVID-19 pandemic hit the sector. The data collected, in online and in person format, were subjected to TA with the support of the MaxQda, which facilitated the process of analyzing the data collected. TA, chosen as the analysis technique for this study, provides accessible and systematic procedures for generating codes/themes from qualitative data. Provisional results show that the pandemic has caused severe economic damage in the restaurant sector. The use of CAQDAS in qualitative research is essential to enhance the analysis process and results. However, it does not mitigate the researcher's fundamental role in its interpretation and throughout the conduct of research.
LDPC Codes Based on α – Resolvable BIB and Group Divisible Designs

Structured LDPC codes have been constructed using balanced incomplete block (BIB) designs, resolvable BIB designs, mutually orthogonal Latin rectangles, partial geometries, group divisible designs, resolvable group divisible designs and finite geometries. Here we have constructed LDPC codes from α – resolvable BIB and Group divisible designs. The sub–matrices of incidence matrix of such block design are used as a parity – check matrix of the code which satisfy row – column constraint. Here the girth of the proposed code is at least six and the corresponding LDPC code (or Tanner graph) is free of 4– cycles.
The Impact of Determinants on Green Consumption Behavior for Green Design Displays

We conducted a consumer survey and used SPSS to examine the effects among technology acceptance model, theory of planned behavior, conformity and government low-carbon policies. The results of this study show that: 1. perceived usefulness and perceived ease-of-use have a significant and positive impact on green behavior attitude; green behavior attitude, green perceived behavior control, green subjective norms, and government low-carbon policies all have a significant and positive impact on green behavioral intention, and green behavioral intention also has a significant and positive impact on green consumption behavior. 2. The normative and informational influences in conformity both have a significant and positive impact on green subjective norms, with normative influence exerting a greater impact. 3. On average, female consumers expressed a significantly higher agreement than male consumers with regard to the technology acceptance model, the theory of planned behavior, and conformity, and married consumers expressed a higher agreement than single and divorced consumers with regard to the technology acceptance model. The above results could provide companies with reference for development and business strategies involving sustainable displays.
Electrostatic Control of the Thermoelectric Figure of Merit in Ion‐Gated Nanotransistors

Semiconductor nanostructures have raised much hope for the implementation of high‐performance thermoelectric generators. Indeed, they are expected to make available reduced thermal conductivity without a heavy trade‐off on electrical conductivity, a key requirement to optimize the thermoelectric figure of merit. Here, a novel nanodevice architecture is presented in which ionic liquids are employed as thermally‐insulating gate dielectrics. These devices allow the field‐effect control of electrical transport in suspended semiconducting nanowires in which thermal conductivity can be simultaneously measured using an all‐electrical setup. The resulting experimental data on electrical and thermal transport properties taken on individual nanodevices can be combined to extract ZT, guide device optimization and dynamical tuning of the thermoelectric properties.
Coworking spaces and creative communities: making resilient coworking spaces through knowledge sharing and collective learning

ABSTRACT Sharing of spaces enhances networking and collaboration in cultural and creative industries on both formal and informal levels. Nevertheless, there is a lack of awareness concerning coworking spaces (CWS) and their resilience through knowledge sharing in communities, especially in space–community–coworker interactions. The aim is to identify how CWS enhance their resilience through knowledge sharing in communities and develop collective learning in local creative ecosystems to promote adaptation. A total of 34 in-depth face-to-face interviews with CWSs founders or managers and 17 creative entrepreneurs in selected CWS in Europe. Using content analysis by axial and selective coding of the collected primary data, groups of codes were eventually integrated to interpret the issue by its contextualization using grounded theory as a research approach in such qualitative study. Results suggest that CWS strengthen their resilience through cross-over innovation with diverse stakeholder engagement and spillover effects of knowledge sharing as a part of space resilience. These initiatives contribute to community resilience with a focus on entrepreneurial thinking and career development. CWS develop interactive learning models as initiatives to retain and attract creative entrepreneurs in communities. The paper concludes that CWS can develop a creative ecosystem with systematic collective learning engaging different stakeholders.
Revisions to the faunas of Andrena of the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco with the descriptions of four new species (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)

Iberia has one of the richest bee faunas in the world, and the genus Andrena is no exception with around 200 species known from the Peninsula. The fauna of Andrena was largely revised in the 1970s, but since then, it has received little attention. Molecular investigation of the taxonomically challenging subgenus Taeniandrena has revealed that the situation is more complicated than previously thought with several cryptic and overlooked species. From the species allied to Andrena (T. ) gelriae van der Vecht, 1927, Andrena (T. ) gredana Warncke, 1975 stat. nov. from Spain and Portugal is raised to species status, and Andrena (T. ) levante Wood & Praz sp. nov. from southeastern Spain is newly described. Furthermore, Andrena (T. ) benoisti Wood & Praz sp. nov. is described, having previously been referred to as Andrena (T. ) wilkella beaumonti Benoist, 1961. Andrena (T. ) beaumonti stat. rev. is itself distinct and restricted to the High Atlas Mountains of Morocco. Outside of the subgenus Taeniandrena, Andrena (Euandrena) fortipunctata Wood sp. nov. and Andrena (Charitandrena) hattorfiana nigricauda Wood subsp. nov. are described from Spain, and Andrena (Notandrena) juliana Wood sp. nov. is described from Spain and Portugal. The male of Andrena (Lepidandrena) baetica Wood, 2020 is also described. Andrena (Euandrena) impressa Warncke, 1967 stat. nov. is raised to species status, displaying a West Mediterranean distribution. Finally, a further two species of Andrena are newly recorded for Spain, Andrena laurivora Warncke, 1974 and Andrena confinis Stoeckhert, 1930. Altogether, these findings reinforce the fact that our understanding of the taxonomy and distribution of Andrena in southern Europe remains incomplete.
Vignettes as research tools in global health communication: a systematic review of the literature from 2000 to 2020

ABSTRACT Background A vignette is a short narrative that describes a hypothetical person within a specific social context. Applied in research settings, vignettes elicit responses on an imaginary person’s attitudes, beliefs, and actions instead of one’s own, such as through close-ended survey questions or open-ended questions in a qualitative setting. Vignettes have gained traction recently in global health communication, but the evidence supporting their use as a research tool to evaluate health communication programs is unknown. Methods This systematic review summarizes vignette research in health communication published from 2000 to 2020. Three databases (CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus) and Google Scholar were searched using database-specific terms to capture studies using vignette methodology in health communication. A total of 1328 articles were screened for eligibility based on reporting primary research and utilizing vignettes as tools to evaluate health communication programs. Screening yielded 65 articles that were coded for study constructs and assessed for vignette validity. Results Most vignette studies took place in North America and Europe, and the majority used a quantitative application in outcome evaluations. Vignettes were most often presented in written form and with the aim of understanding individual-level attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge. Few studies piloted their vignette, utilized theory, or derived their vignette from literature or clinical experience, and none met all vignette validity checklist criteria. Conclusion The findings indicate a need to improve the validity of vignettes as research tools in health communication research and highlight important areas for future peer-reviewed research utilizing vignette methodology.
Proteomic analysis of F1 hybrids and intermediate variants in a Littorina saxatilis hybrid zone

Abstract Proteomic analysis was carried out on the Crab (upper-shore) and Wave (lower-shore) ecotypes of Littorina saxatilis from a hybrid zone at Silleiro Cape, Spain. Proteome profiles of individual snails were obtained. Protein expression in F1 hybrid snails bred in the laboratory and snails with intermediate shell phenotypes collected from the mid-shore were compared with Crab and Wave ecotypes using analytical approaches used to study dominance. Multivariate analysis over many protein spots showed that the F1 snails are distinct from both ecotypes but closer to the Wave ecotype. The intermediate snails are highly variable, some closer to the Crab and others to the Wave ecotype. Considered on a protein by protein basis, some proteins are significantly closer in expression to the Crab and others to the Wave ecotype for both F1 and intermediate snails. Furthermore, a significant majority of proteins were closer in expression to the Wave ecotype for the F1, consistent with the multivariate analysis. No such significant majority toward either the Crab or Wave ecotype was observed for the intermediate snails. The closer similarity of F1 and Wave ecotype expression patterns could be the result of similar selective pressures in the similar mid-shore and low-shore environments. For a significantly larger number of proteins, intermediate snails were closer in expression to the ecotype having the lower expression, for both Crab and Wave ecotypes. This is somewhat unexpected as lower expression might be expected to be an indication of impairment of function and lower fitness. Proteomic analysis could be important for the identification of candidate proteins useful for gaining improved understanding of adaptation and barriers to gene flow in hybrid zones.
Unleashing the Indirect Influence of FDI in Environmental Degradation via Financial Development and Economic Growth. New Evidence from Asian Countries

Background:Scholars in developed and emerging economies have widely tested the interactions between foreign direct investment, financial development, economic growth and environmental degradation. Despite a number of empirical and review studies, it is not yet wrap up either the associations are negative, positive, direct or indirect. Additionally, minor attention is given to the indirect role of foreign direct investment in environmental degradation; perhaps no study has yet demonstrated the mediating role of financial development and economic growth between foreign direct investment and environmental degradation in Asian economies. Referring to the fragmented outputs and consequences as well as lacking the indirect role, the present study examines the influence of foreign direct investment on environmental degradation with the mediating role of financial development and economic growth. Results:Secondary data of 21 Asian countries from 1980-2018 were gathered from World Bank Indicators and then performed STATA to test the paths. Our findings are slightly different from the studies conducted in developed economies. The results indicate that foreign direct investment significantly improves environmental quality by deteriorating environmental pollution. It also significantly improves economic growth in the selected regions. Surprisingly, our study shows that foreign direct investment has a significant negative influence on financial development in the Asian regions. Both financial development and economic growth significantly negatively influence environmental degradation in Asian regions. However, financial development partially mediates while economic growth does not play any mediating role between foreign direct investment and environmental degradation in the Asian countries. Trade openness and population growth as control factors do not show any significant role in the model. Conclusions:This research recommends policymakers to focus on the inflow of foreign direct investment in order to enhance economic growth and environmental quality. It is strongly suggested for policymakers to attenuate the political intervention (e.g. ensure the political stability) in the inflow of foreign direct investment, so financial resources can be impartially distributed in the industrial sector and thus the nations will have an effective financial development system. Other implications have described.
Impact of urban density on carbon emissions in China

ABSTRACT Based on the panel data of 108 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2018, the carbon emission effect of urban density was studied by establishing a dynamic panel model. We found that there was a significant negative correlation between urban density and carbon emissions, and the increase in urban density reduced carbon dioxide emissions. The nonlinear estimation results of urban density and carbon emission show that urban density has different impacts on carbon emission at different urban population levels. With the increase in population size, the carbon emission reduction effect brought by urban density growth decreases. In medium-sized cities, increased urban density leads to the greatest reduction in carbon emissions, followed by large cities with populations of less than 5 million. In megacities with a population size of more than 5 million, the carbon emission reduction effect of urban density is not significant. Our conclusion supports the proposition of building compact cities and provides decision support for the ideal of ‘beautiful China’ in the process of urbanization in China.