Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LATEST HARMFUL EXHAUST EMISSION LIMITS FOR NON-ROAD CATEGORY VEHICLES

Non-road vehicles are a large group of machines and a vast majority of them utilize CI engines. This group includes agricultural vehicles, construction machinery, stationary engines, etc. Their regulations are less restrictive compared to vehicles from the HDV category which use similar engine units. For this reason, the Stage V standard will be introduced in 2018, adding reductions in the form of toxic exhaust emissions limits. In addition, retrofitting continues to gain popularity, which means retrofitting older engine designs with more modern exhaust gas aftertreatment systems. This article reviews also the use of PEMS analyzers to measure the real operation emission. Keywords: exhaust emission, NRMM, SEMTECH DS, RDE
Annotations of maps in collaborative work at a distance

This thesis inquires how map annotations can be used to sustain remote collaboration. Maps condense the interplay of space and communication, solving linguistic references by linking conversational content to the actual places to which it refers. This is a mechanism people are accustomed to. When we are face-to-face, we can point to things around us. However, at a distance, we need to recreate a context that can help disambiguate what we mean. A map can help recreate this context. However other technological solutions are required to allow deictic gestures over a shared map when collaborators are not co-located. This mechanism is here termed Explicit Referencing. Several systems that allow sharing maps annotations are reviewed critically. A taxonomy is then proposed to compare their features. Two filed experiments were conducted to investigate the production of collaborative annotations of maps with mobile devices, looking for the reasons why people might want to produce these notes and how they might do so. Both studies led to very disappointing results. The reasons for this failure are attributed to the lack of a critical mass of users (social network), the lack of useful content, and limited social awareness. More importantly, the study identified a compelling effect of the way messages were organized in the tested application, which caused participants to refrain from engaging in content-driven explorations and synchronous discussions. This last qualitative observation was refined in a controlled experiment where remote participants had to solve a problem collaboratively, using chat tools that differed in the way a user could relate an utterance to a shared map. Results indicated that team performance is improved by the Explicit Referencing mechanisms. However, when this is implemented in a way that is detrimental to the linearity of the conversation, resulting in the visual dispersion or scattering of messages, its use has negative consequences for collaborative work at a distance. Additionally, an analysis of the eye movements of the participants over the map helped to ascertain the interplay of deixis and gaze in collaboration. A primary relation was found between the pair's recurrence of eye movements and their task performance. Finally, this thesis presents an algorithm that detects misunderstandings in collaborative work at a distance. It analyses the movements of collaborators' eyes over the shared map, their utterances containing references to this workspace, and the availability of "remote" deictic gestures. The algorithm associates the distance between the gazes of the emitter and gazes of the receiver of a message with the probability that the recipient did not understand the message.
PCA based protection algorithm for transformer internal faults

In this paper a new protection scheme is introduced to detect and identify transformer winding faults. The new approach is based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) using radial basis functions (RBFs) and the principal component analysis (PCA). The nonlinear system's input and output data is manipulated without considering any model of the system. This approach is used to detect and identify internal short circuit faults of a three phase custom built transformer. The suggested technique is also able to distinguish between the fault and magnetizing inrush current. The test studies carried out shows that the proposed method leads to satisfactory results in terms of detecting and isolating parameter faults taking place in non-linear dynamical systems.
Gestational age dependency of umbilical flow waveforms: an investigation using a lumped parameter model

A lumped parameter electrical analogue model has been used to investigate the umbilical arterial flow waveform from 28 weeks to 40 weeks of gestational age. The model splits the foetal circulation into small segments and represents each segment with an equivalent electrical circuit which uses frequency dependent components. The dimensions of the segments are varied with gestational age using a clinical study of the foetal mass versus gestational age as a reference. As a simple approximation, the segment dimensions are varied with the cube root of the estimated mass. Two port analysis is then used to mathematically represent each segment, and transfer the input flow pulses from the heart to an output flow waveform at the umbilical arteries. The analysis is performed in the frequency domain, and the flow waveforms are obtained using the inverse Fourier transform. The shape of the umbilical flow waveform has been described by the RI and PI which are commonly used indices in obstetric practice. It is shown that the variation of these indices along the cord decreases with increasing gestational age. It is also shown that these indices decrease in value with increasing gestational age, due to the increase in the arterial dimensions with age. This work shows the importance of taking foetal growth and hence gestational age into account when interpreting Doppler umbilical flow waveform indices. It also provides insight into the effect of arterial dimensions on the waveform indices.
Blind Subband Adaptive Equalization

It is predicted that a large portion of future wireless communication capacity will be used to provide wireless data services. This new emphasis results in a significant change in substantial parts of the wireless infrastructure, it is important to have low bit error transmission links to get Quality of Service similar to the internet. Future services will also demand higher data rates. These factors mean that there will be a significant need for good quality equalization schemes in the receiver to reduce the different effects of the radio channels, such as intersymbol interference and multipath propagation. The use of linear equalizers leads to high numerical complexity filters even for short delay spread channels. High complexity equalizers implies slow convergence and high numerical load per processed symbol. To save the amount of training or pilot signals and thus increasing the useful data bits, a blind adaptation of the equalizer weights is commonly used. A blind adaptation algorithm in combination with a long equalizer result in even slower convergence. It is therefore desirable to improve the convergence properties of such equalizer schemes. A blind delayless subband equalizer structure is shown to improve the convergence properties of the equalizer. This equalizer consists of a combination of a fullband filtering and and a subband adaptation. In this paper a novel filter bank design and also improved subband-to fullband filter transformation methods is presented. By optimizing the filter bank design, and improving the subband-to-fullband transformation, considerable improvements have been achieved both when it comes to convergence speed and the level of equalization obtained. Simulation results show that the new subband equalization structure has a 12 times faster convergence than its fullband counterpart. The bit error rate is almost the same in both schemes. Thus, there are only advantages by using the suggested equalizer implementation compared to a conventional fullband implementation. The convergence improvement combined with computational savings make it a very attractive technique to use.
A technique for high ratio LZW compression [logic test vector compression]

Reduction of both the test suite size and the download time of test vectors is important in today's system-on-a-chip designs. In this paper, a method for compressing the scan test patterns using the LZW algorithm is presented. This method leverages the large number of "don't-cares" in test vectors in order to improve the compression ratio significantly. The hardware decompression architecture presented here uses existing on-chip embedded memories. Tests using the ISCAS89 and the ITC99 benchmarks show that this method achieves high compression ratios.
Adaptive OFDM for wideband radio channels

An OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) transmission system is simulated with time-variant transfer functions measured with a wideband channel sounder. The individual subcarriers are modulated with fixed and adaptive signal alphabets. Furthermore, a frequency-independent as well as the optimum power distribution are used. The simulations show that with adaptive OFDM, the required signal power for an error probability of 10/sup -3/ can be reduced by 5.15 dB compared with fixed OFDM. The fraction of channel capacity which can be achieved with adaptive OFDM depends on the average signal-to-noise ratio and the propagation scenario.
Arresting Wormhole Attack in Ad hoc Network using Cumulative Threshold Transmission Rate

A mobile ad hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes that are interconnected via a wireless medium forwards packet to other nodes through multi hop mechanism. The genuine intermediaries relay the packets intended for the indirect radio range destination node. The cooperation existing between the intermediate nodes acts as a strong determinant for successful routing in ad hoc network. The association between these nodes can be weakened by the advent of wormhole adversary inside the network. This adversary tries to deteriorate the routing fabric embedded in this network by short circuiting the normal flow of packets through a resource enriched out of band channel exclusively dedicated for this purpose. Two wormhole adversaries collude to achieve this mission and the strong association between them dampens the robust routing protocols designed for effective routing in ad hoc network. The nefarious nexus between the colluders can be amputated by invoking a host of novel remedial measures as proposed in this paper. The comparison between the Cumulative Transmission Rate and Threshold Transmission Rate, mismatch in ROUTE CACHE value, ACKNOLWDGEMENT packet hop count are a few to thwart the occurrence of wormhole attack in ad hoc network. Deploying a suitable agent to monitor and circumvent the spurious activity if exceeding a specific threshold is also enrolled. Suitable graphs have been simulated to endorse the research idea proposed in this paper.
An efficient topology configuration scheme for wireless sensor networks

Energy consumption, in a wireless sensor network, is one of the most important issues because each sensor node has a limited energy level. If all nodes, in a dense sensor network, become involved in sensing, redundancy will be increased and this will lead to consumption of unnecessary energy. In this paper, a topology configuration method that guarantees full connectivity of all sensors to the sink as well as sensing coverage over the entire network field is suggested. Our method can extend the lifetime of the network by preventing excessive energy consumption of sensor nodes by efficiently selecting active nodes.
Current-balanced logic in submicron technology

The analysis of the current-balanced logic (CBL) in submicron technology is presented. Current-balanced logic is a low-noise logic family suitable for use in mixed-signal integrated circuits, because of the reduced supply current spikes. On entering the submicron region, the question arises as to whether the CBL will still maintain this good performance. The analysis of CBL with the simple current model of the submicron MOS transistor was carried out. The supply current is not fully compensated, but the deviation is not too high. The current spikes are still lower than in CMOS. The variation of the supply current in CBL was verified with SPICE simulation of the CBL inverter in 0.25-/spl mu/m technology. SPICE simulations were also used to compare the static and dynamic performances of the CBL and CMOS inverters.
Tomography of the alpine arc using noise correlations & waveform modelling

The primary goal of the thesis is to build high-resolution shear-wave velocity models of the Alpine crust and uppermost mantle using ambient noise based tomography.In this framework, we performed a series of tomographic applications using a large cross-correlation dataset computed from 4 years of noise recorded at 1293 broadband seismic stations across Europe.We first applied a 'classical' ambient noise group velocity tomography.Rayleigh wave group velocity measurements in the period band 5-150 s were inverted to construct group velocity maps.With a Bayesian 1-D depth inversion approach, we determined both the shear-wave velocity and probability of interfaces at each cell of the model.This has allowed to finally establish a high-resolution model of the European crust and uppermost mantle in good agreement with previous localized geophysical studies.Taking advantage of the dense seismic array in the Alpine region, we performed ambient noise Eikonal tomography using Rayleigh wave phase velocity measurements in the period band 7-25 s.With this method, we were able to study the anisotropy of the Alpine crust.We refined the shear wave velocity model of the Alpine crust and uppermost mantle using wave-equation tomography (WET) based on the numerical simulation of 3-D elastic wave propagation.We iteratively improved the initial model by minimizing the phase traveltime differences between the observed and synthetic Rayleigh waves in the period band 10-55 s.We obtained the final model after 15 iterations with a reduction of total misfit ~65%. At crustal and Moho depths, the final model displays several new features and much stronger velocity contrasts, which indicates that this approach can significantly improves the model obtained by classical ambient noise tomography.
J-function based geometric reasoning for robotics. II. Robot motion planning and navigation

For pt. I see ibid., p. 334-9 (1995). This paper presents the overall considerations taken for geometric reasoning of a great variety of problems: findspace, navigation, findpath and constraint motion planning, with a detailed description of the procedure. A general geometric reasoner based J-function is described, which can be integrated with any system for robot off-line programming and simulation.
Low SNR robust Chinese tone extraction based human auditory model

This paper proposes a robust Chinese tone extraction algorithm based on the human auditory mechanism and short-term stationarity of Chinese speech. In this method, we use the pooled-correlogram based on human auditory model to extract the pitch of speech. An unsupervised lateral inhibitory network is used to get the peak position, which simulates the lateral inhibitory phenomenon in the human auditory system. The pitch restriction between successive frames of speech is imposed to get rid of a miscarriage of justice in the output of the lateral inhibitory network. As shown in the experiments, the method can extract Chinese tone quite well even in rather low SNR cases. It can separate the individual tone clearly as two speakers talk simultaneously.
Microarchitecture Analysis of Profile 1 eSTREAM Ciphers on Intel Core2 Duo

The workloads in a modern CPU are becoming more diversified but a common aspect is beginning to form around the need for cryptographic algorithms.There are a number of different cryptographic algorithms for hashing, block ciphers and stream ciphers.Block ciphers have recently been linked to the DES and AES standards and are the most widely used algorithms.Stream ciphers have not been dominated by a single standard.The EU ECRYPT network has developed a set of stream cipher as part of their eSTREAM portfolio. This paper examines the eSTREAM portfolio and analysis the mi- croarchitecture performance on the Intel Core2 Duo.Using hardware performance counters analysis is done in the areas of CPI, cache, branch prediction, and instruction-level parallelism (ILP). Our results show that the Salsa20 algorithm has the best CPI, sosemanuk is able to achieve more ILP, and branch prediction is highly accurate for HC-120, Rabbit and Salsa20. The results show the correlation between CPI with L1 cache, L2 cache, branch prediction, and ILP.
Data communication via chaotic encoding and associated security issues

Data communication via the exploitation of chaotic behaviour of the Henon mapping is introduced and evaluated. The link performance is investigated in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise and techniques to enhance the performance are introduced and evaluated. Data security issues are investigated and original results are presented demonstrating that embedding techniques and radial basis functions do not predict the next unmodulated chaotic sample with the degree of accuracy required to decode a modulated signal. It is concluded that this form of chaotic modulation can find numerous applications when data security and privacy are of concern.
Migration of software projects' goals and expectations

The number of failed software engineering project remains very high despite numerous attempts to decrease that by employing different modern software engineering methodologies. There are different reasons for failing and only one of those is studied in this paper: a mismatch between delivered software package and customer's expectations used to verify this software. The paper shows that there exist several cases, where software that corresponds to the initial requirements appears invalid at the project completing phase. This happens because goals and expectations are not static sometimes and can mutate under different influencing factors. Moreover one of those factors can be the software project by itself as is sometimes released in several steps.
Design of a High-Performance Buffered Crossbar Switch Fabric Using Network on Chip

Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science CE-MS-2008-19 High-performance routers constitute the basic building blocks of the Internet. The wide majority of today’s high-performance routers are designed using a crossbar fabric switch as interconnect topology. The buffered crossbar (CICQ) switching architecture is known to be the best crossbar-based architecture for routers design. However, CICQs require expensive on-chip buffers whose cost grows quadratically with the router port count. Additionally, they use long wires to connect router inputs to outputs, resulting in non-negligible delays. In this thesis, we propose a novel design for the CICQ switch architecture. We design the whole buffered crossbar fabric as a Network on Chip (NoC). We propose two architectural variants. The first is named the Unidirectional NoC (UDN), where the crossbar core is built using a NoC with input and output ports placed on two opposite sides of the fabric chip. Because of the chip pins layout, we improved the UDN architecture using a Multidirectional NoC (MDN) architecture, by placing the inputs and output around the perimeter (four sides) of the NoC-based crossbar fabric. Both proposed architectures have been analyzed with appropriate routing algorithms for both unicast and multicast traffic conditions. Our results show that the proposed NoC based crossbar switching design outperforms the conventional CICQ architecture. Our designs offers several advantages when compared to traditional CICQ design: 1)Speedup, because short wires allow reliable high-speed signalling, and simple local arbitration per onchip router. 2) Load balancing, because paths from different input-output port pairs share the same router buffers. 3) Path diversity allows traffic from an input port to follow different paths to its destination output port. 4) Simpler switch design by allowing simple input memory structure such as first-in first-out (FIFO) input queueing, as opposed to traditional design where virtual output queueing (VOQ) is required. Design of a High-Performance Buffered Crossbar Switch Fabric Using Network on Chip
Simulation of Rapidly Varying and Dry Bed Flow using the Serre equations solved by a Finite Element Volume Method.

Recent research in numerical wave modelling has focused on developing computational methods for solving non-linear dispersive wave equations as an extension to methods solving the non-linear shallow water wave equations. By including extra terms that allow for dispersion these equations more accurately model water waves than the shallow water wave equations. An interesting example of these non-linear dispersive equations for modelling water waves are the Serre equations. In this work an efficient and robust numerical method for the one-dimensional Serre equations was developed. This method uses a finite element method to solve an elliptic equation and a finite volume method to solve the remaining conservation equations and is hence termed the Finite Element Volume Method (FEVM). The use of a finite element method and a finite volume method makes the FEVM adaptable to unstructured meshes and parallelisable. The FEVM recovers the lake at rest steady state and accurately simulates flows over dry beds. The convergence and dispersion properties of the FEVM were determined using a linear analysis. The FEVM was validated against analytic and forced solutions of the Serre equations, demonstrating its convergence and conservation properties. Finally, the method was validated against experimental data for a wide array of physical scenarios, establishing its utility as a realistic model. All these analyses and validations were also conducted on other methods allowing comparisons between them and the FEVM. The FEVM was found to be the most robust of these methods whilst being adequately accurate. Since the FEVM can be extended to unstructured meshes with parallelised code it is the most promising of the studied methods for solving the Serre equations in two dimensions.
A rule-based system for document image segmentation

A rule-based system for automatically segmenting a document image into regions of text and nontext is presented. The initial stages of the system perform image enhancement functions such as adaptive thresholding, morphological processing, and skew detection and correction. The image segmentation process consists of smearing the original image via the run length smoothing algorithm, calculating the connected components locations and statistics, and filtering (segmenting) the image based on these statistics. The text regions can be converted (via an optical character reader) to a computer-searchable form, and the nontext regions can be extracted and preserved. The rule-based structure allows easy fine tuning of the algorithmic steps to produce robust rules, to incorporate additional tools (as they become available), and to handle special segmentation needs. <<ETX>>
BYL-PLIB: a CAD part library conforming to ISO13584

ISO 13584 (i.e. PLIB) is an international standard for the representation and exchange of CAD part libraries. It aims to provide an application-independent mechanism to enable the sharing of part library information between applications. In the paper, the approach of modeling a part library conforming to ISO 13584 is presented. Also, a prototype named BYL-PLIB whose implementation is in agreement with ISO 13584 is developed to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach.