Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rescue archaeology heritage valuation in Europe’s largest dam – Alqueva: ex-situ products as elements of creative tourism

The study aims to determine how the knowledge obtained from the study of prehistoric heritage found during the construction of the Alqueva dam and irrigation system (Portugal) can enhance the current tourist experience of the destination. A new approach is necessary given the inaccessibility of the archaeolog- ical remains, thus creative tourism and experience economy frame the theoretical basis of this paper. Semi- -directed interviews were carried out to 35 tourism stakeholders in order to assess their view of the regional tourism experience, their interest in ex -situ and virtual products based on the archaeological knowledge and how these may add to the Alqueva destination. Findings show that stakeholders are still firmly attached to the conventional approach to archaeology but that, even though unaware of the archaeological findings, they believe that they could benefit from the introduction of creative products as a way of complementing the current offer.
Tropical Gravity Wave Momentum Fluxes and Latent Heating Distributions

AbstractRecent satellite determinations of global distributions of absolute gravity wave (GW) momentum fluxes in the lower stratosphere show maxima over the summer subtropical continents and little evidence of GW momentum fluxes associated with the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). This seems to be at odds with parameterizations for GW momentum fluxes, where the source is a function of latent heating rates, which are largest in the region of the ITCZ in terms of monthly averages. The authors have examined global distributions of atmospheric latent heating, cloud-top-pressure altitudes, and lower-stratosphere absolute GW momentum fluxes and have found that monthly averages of the lower-stratosphere GW momentum fluxes more closely resemble the monthly mean cloud-top altitudes rather than the monthly mean rates of latent heating. These regions of highest cloud-top altitudes occur when rates of latent heating are largest on the time scale of cloud growth. This, plus previously published studies, suggests.
Late Trends in Analytical Techniques for the Development of Pharmaceutical Drugs

Developing enthusiasm for the development of Pharmaceutical Drugs had made to bring certain expository methods into spotlight. Numerous such systems are utilized to concentrate, clean and portray (fundamentally and molecularly), recently delivered imperative medications. This audit gives data with respect to rising patterns in utilizing different diagnostic methods like HPLC, HPTLC, LC-MS/MS, and so on. Being developed of recently creating medications. The proposed systems were measurably identical and demonstrated palatable results.
Model risk in the pricing of exotic options

The growth experimented in recent years in both the variety and volume of structured products implies that banks and other financial institutions have become increasingly exposed to model risk. In this article we focus on the model risk associated with the local volatility (LV) model and with the Variance Gamma (VG) model. The results show that the LV model performs better than the VG model in terms of its ability to match the market prices of European options. Nevertheless, both models are subject to significant pricing errors when compared with the stochastic volatility framework.
Microstructure representation of snow in coupled snowpack and microwave emission models

Abstract. This is the first study to encompass a wide range of coupled snow evolution and microwave emission models in a common modelling framework in order to generalise the link between snowpack microstructure predicted by the snow evolution models and microstructure required to reproduce observations of brightness temperature as simulated by snow emission models. Brightness temperatures at 18.7 and 36.5 GHz were simulated by 1323 ensemble members, formed from 63 Jules Investigation Model snowpack simulations, three microstructure evolution functions, and seven microwave emission model configurations. Two years of meteorological data from the Sodankyla Arctic Research Centre, Finland, were used to drive the model over the 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 winter periods. Comparisons between simulated snow grain diameters and field measurements with an IceCube instrument showed that the evolution functions from SNTHERM simulated snow grain diameters that were too large (mean error 0.12 to 0.16 mm), whereas MOSES and SNICAR microstructure evolution functions simulated grain diameters that were too small (mean error −0.16 to −0.24 mm for MOSES and −0.14 to −0.18 mm for SNICAR). No model (HUT, MEMLS, or DMRT-ML) provided a consistently good fit across all frequencies and polarisations. The smallest absolute values of mean bias in brightness temperature over a season for a particular frequency and polarisation ranged from 0.7 to 6.9 K. Optimal scaling factors for the snow microstructure were presented to compare compatibility between snowpack model microstructure and emission model microstructure. Scale factors ranged between 0.3 for the SNTHERM–empirical MEMLS model combination (2011–2012) and 3.3 for DMRT-ML in conjunction with MOSES microstructure (2012–2013). Differences in scale factors between microstructure models were generally greater than the differences between microwave emission models, suggesting that more accurate simulations in coupled snowpack–microwave model systems will be achieved primarily through improvements in the snowpack microstructure representation, followed by improvements in the emission models. Other snowpack parameterisations in the snowpack model, mainly densification, led to a mean brightness temperature difference of 11 K at 36.5 GHz H-pol and 18 K at V-pol when the Jules Investigation Model ensemble was applied to the MOSES microstructure and empirical MEMLS emission model for the 2011–2012 season. The impact of snowpack parameterisation increases as the microwave scattering increases. Consistency between snowpack microstructure and microwave emission models, and the choice of snowpack densification algorithms should be considered in the design of snow mass retrieval systems and microwave data assimilation systems.
Mobile application for accessing biomedical information using linked open data

This paper aims to introduce a mobile application for accessing biomedical information extracted from public open resources like Freebase, DBPedia or PubMed. Our app exploits the interlinked feature of those sources for easing the access to heterogeneous resources. App was developed using HTML5 and Javascript and then it was compiled to different platforms like AnDroid or iOS.
Optimized Intermolecular Potential Functions for Liquid Alcohols

Intermolecular potential functions have been developed for use in computer simulations of liquid alcohols and other molecules with hydroxyl groups. The functions are based on earlier work for liquid hydrocarbons and required introduction of few new parameters. Optimization of the parameters involved studids of hydrogen-bonded complexes and Monte Carlo simulations for liquid methanol. Further application then consisted of Monte Carlo simulations for liquid methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, and 2-methyl-2-propanol at 25 O C and 1 atm. Extensive thermodynamic and structural results are reported for the liquid alcohols and are compared with experimental data. The excellent accord between simulation and experiment is remarkable in view of the simple form and facile parametrization of the potential functions. The five liquid alcohols all feature winding hydrogen-bonded chains with averages of close to two hydrogen bonds per molecule. The hydrogen bonding is also found to have interesting effects on the torsional energy surfaces for molecules in the liquids. Most striking is a narrowing of the conformational energy wells for rotation about the C-0 bonds.
The mobility of older people, and the future role of Connected Autonomous Vehicles

This report was produced in the ‘Flourish’ Project, a successful participant in Innovate UK’s Connected and Autonomous Vehicles Collaboration Research & Development competition. Flourish set out to identify innovative solutions that address two distinct but related topics within the connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV) market which are seen to help realise market readiness of CAVs in the UK. Firstly, customer Interaction focusing on the customers’ needs and experience when using the technology; and secondly connectivity focusing on effective data analytics and ensuring that the cyber security and wireless connectivity elements of CAVs are safe by design. Older adults with ageing-related impairments were seen to be particular beneficiaries of CAV technology, allowing them to continue to be active contributors to the economy and society. As a result the project has focussed on the needs of this group, hopefully accelerating their ability to become early adopters of CAVs. It is expected that by addressing the needs of older people that the knowledge, services and capabilities that will be developed will also be exploitable by other age groups. Consequently, the key objective for this review was to develop an understanding and articulation of current mobility needs, any existing experience of CAV (or components of it) and older people’s future expectations of CAVs in respect of their mobility.
Molecular Detection of Mycobacterium Other Than Tuberculosis among Patients with Pulmonary Infection

Result: In this study, males were found to be more affected than females 125 (73.1%). The patients between 21-50 years were the most affected with TB and NTM. On LJ medium, 40 (23.4%) of the isolates gave characteristic growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and were identified according to their Ziehl-Neelsen stain and cultural characteristic. Ten (5.8%) isolates were identified as rapid growers, 6 out of which were identified as MOTTs according to their indirect Ziehl-Neelsen stain, cultural characteristics and biochemical proprieties. On PCR, six of the ten rapid growers showed a band typical in size (136 bp) to target rpoB gene as indicated by the standard DNA marker. Conclusion: The results revealed clearly the importance of conventional methods including Z.N stain and culture techniques in the diagnosis of TB and NTM. As well as it proved the effectiveness of PCR as a sensitive, specific and rapid diagnostic and confirmatory test.
A HIGH BAND ISOLATION AND WIDE STOPBAND DIPLEXER USING DUAL-MODE STEPPED-IMPEDANCE RESONATORS

In this paper, a high performance diplexer is designed and fabricated for Global Positioning System (GPS) and wireless local area network (WLAN) applications simultaneously. The diplexer mainly comprises two dual-mode ring bandpass fllters (BPFs), operated at 1.575GHz and 2.4GHz, respectively. By using the stepped-impedance resonator (SIR) in the BPFs, the size reduction and wide stopband from 2.8GHz to 6GHz are obtained. Moreover, several transmission zeros are located at the passband edges, thus improving the passband selectivity. Due to impedance matching between two BPFs, a high
Modelling gene networks controlling transition to flowering in Arabidopsis

Flowering is a critical stage in plant development that initiates grain production and is vulnerable to stress. The genes controlling flowering time in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana are reviewed. Previously, interactions between these genes were described by qualitative network diagrams. We present a generalized mathematical formalism that relates environmentally dependent transcription, RNA processing, translation, and protein-protein interaction rates to resultant phenotypes. We have developed models (reported elsewhere) based on this concept that simulate flowering times for novel A. thaliana genotype-environment combinations and critical short day lengths (CSDL) in rice (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica cv. Nipponbare). Here we show how CSDL phenotypes emerge from gene expression dynamics. Functionally different but homologous photoperiod measurement genes in rice and A. thaliana nevertheless yield similar results. Other technologies for interrelating genotypes, phenotypes, and the environment are crop simulation models and the theory of quantitative genetics (QG). Some potential synergies between genetic networking (GN) and these older approaches are discussed. Twelve contrasts are drawn between QG and GN revealing that both have equal contributions to make to an ideal theory. Such a theory is initiated by discussing epistasis, dominance, and additivity (all QG basics) in GN terms. Three or less genes can account for the first two but additivity is a complex property dependent on the structure and function of entire subnets. Finally, the utility of simple models is evidenced by 80 years of quantitative genetics and mathematical ecology.
Impact Analysis of Interest Rate on the Net Assets of Multinational Businesses in Nigeria

The purpose for this research was to examine the relationship between interest rate and Net assets of Multinational Companies. It examined the impact of interest rate on net assets of multinational companies in Nigeria from 1995 - 2010. The population was made up of Sixty three companies selected according to market capitalization. A random sampling technique was used of which Seven Companies were selected as sample. The Net assets were represented by Net Assets Value Index in the model which is NAVI = a + b INT + U. A regression model was designed to test the relationship between the net assets and interest rate as a macroeconomic factor. The regression analysis showed that an increase in interest rate results in reduction in net assets. Therefore interest rate and net asset convey information about profitability, the right debt-equity mix which would allow management to take advantage and remain competitive. Keywords: Interest rate, net assets, multinational businesses, macroeconomic factor, market capitalization.
Understanding the maturation process for field investigations of fisheries-induced evolution

ABSTRACT: The probabilistic maturation reaction norm approach has been widely heralded as anempirical approach to distinguish between the effects of genetic selection and phenotypic plasticityon maturation probability. However, applications of this approach have considered maturation statein relation to fish size long after the period when fish make the ‘decision’ to mature. Evidence, mostlyfrom salmonids, indicates that maturation is controlled by successive hormonal inhibition linked toenergy state during critical periods of the year. Thus, any genetic selection cannot be acting upon thesize of fish late in the reproductive cycle, but rather during the timing of these critical periods. Indeed,experimental studies demonstrate that size attained by late stages of gametogenesis need not neces-sarily be a good predictor of the probability of maturing. Therefore, changes in energy status aroundthe time of maturation decisions represent an unknown and possibly significant source of variabilityin the reaction norm midpoints. Clearly, there is a need to apply physiologically realistic models ofmaturation probability—as have been developed for Atlantic salmon—to other fish species. Futureinvestigation of fisheries-induced evolution may also benefit from examining historical changes infecundity and by comparing current reproductive investment in fish from heavily and lightlyexploited populations that are held under common-garden conditions.KEY WORDS: Maturation · Fecundity · Fisheries-induced evolution · Critical periods
Diversity and activity of epiphytic nitrogen-fixers on standing dead stems of the salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora

Microbial communities growing on the surfaces of standing dead stems of salt marsh grasses contribute to fixation of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) in these N-limited intertidal systems. Salt marshes in North Carolina, USA, have been shown to exhibit N2 fixation throughout the growth sea- son, but the composition of these diazotrophic communities is poorly known. This study investigated the diversity of the epiphytic N2-fixing microbial community on the surfaces of dead stems (shoots) of the cord grass Spartina alterniflora in a salt marsh in North Carolina. Sequencing of the nifH gene and microscopy showed that a diverse diazotrophic community consisting of at least 8 diazotrophic cyanobacterial taxa, as well as an assemblage of α-, γ-, and δ-proteobacteria, was present. Half of the recovered unique nifH sequences fell into the cluster with anaerobes. N2-fixation rates under natural irradiance ranged from 0.001 to 2.58 nmol C2H4 µg chl a -1 h -1 (0.07 to 206 nmol C2H4 cm -2 h -1 ) and decreased from spring to fall. Nitrogen-fixation rates had a positive relationship with chlorophyll a, suggesting phototrophs contributed to N2 fixation. The dominant diazotrophs in this study differed from epiphytic communities described elsewhere in the southeast United States, suggesting regional differences are present in the diversity of these communities.
Predatory Hymenopteran Assemblages in Boreal Alaska: Associations with Forest Composition and Post-Fire Succession

ABSTRACT Changes to the fire regime in boreal Alaska are shifting the ratio of coniferous to deciduous dominance on the landscape. The increase in aspen and birch may have important effects on predatory hymenopteran assemblages by providing a source of extrafloral nectar and increasing prey availability. Furthermore, fire-induced changes in successional age alter habitat structure and microclimate in ways that may favor ants. This study is the first to characterize the influence of fire-related vegetation changes on boreal predatory hymenopteran assemblages. We compare the abundance, species richness, and composition of predatory hymenopteran assemblages among forests at different stages of succession and of varying post-fire tree species compositions. Ant assemblages were weakly related to forest composition, but ants were significantly more abundant and speciose in early-successional forests than in mid-late successional forests. In contrast, macropterous wasp morphospecies richness and abundance, and micropterous wasp abundance, were positively related to the basal area of aspen, but were not related to successional stage. The results suggest that shifts in boreal vegetation related to climate warming will result in changes to the predaceous insect community, with ants responding positively to disturbance and wasps responding positively to an increase in the representation of aspen on the landscape.
Understanding the threat of banking malware

Malware is a general term for all malicious and unwanted software. Such software poses a major security threat to the computer and Internet environment. As an increasing number of people use the Internet in their daily life, inevitably users become subject to malware threats. In the field of digital forensics, malware analysis has become a significant discipline. Malicious software is becoming ever more common, but also continuously more profit driven, stealthy, and targeted, often organised by illegal associations. Furthermore, malware continues to evolve in its sophistication and there are several different types of banking malware that pose a very serious threat to bank customers. This paper presents an overview of techniques, issues, and examples from the area of malware detection. In particular, we describe Zeus as a case study in banking malware. The sophistication and adaptability of such malware presents a lasting and pernicious threat to end-users and organisations. Despite this danger, we argue that an understanding of the infection mechanism coupled with circumspect behaviour on the part of the end-user can contain such malware threats.
Unravelling the Determinants of Health Care Use

In this paper we provide a model and data structure to identify the determinants of health care use by low income children, and the channels through which they operate. The most distinguishing feature of our approach is that we decompose the decision to use health care into three stages. The first stage determines whether a child is ill or requires preventive care. Conditional on the first stage, the second stage determines whether the mother perceives that professional health care will provide positive gross benefits. Conditional on the second stage, the third stage determines the use of health care by comparing the perceived benefits and costs. The advantage of our approach is that variables can influence each stage differently. The econometric model, trivariate Probit with endogenous selection, is estimated by simulated maximum likelihood using the GHK simulator with antithetics. The data comes from the survey to evaluate the Colombian Conditional Cash Transfer Program (Familias en Accion). We find that children living in towns with higher prevalence of violence are in higher need of health care but violence decreases the probability that the child will use health care conditional of the mother perceiving that health care will provide positive gross benefits. We also find that knowledge about self-care (measured by the percentage of women in the village that knows how to treat diarrhoea and by mother's education) decreases the probability that the mother perceives positive gross profits of obtaining health care. When we estimate a standard Probit model of health care use that does not decompose the decision to use health care into different stages, these variables do not seem to influence health care use. This occurs because the variables have effects of opposite signs in different stages and hence the positive effects in one stage compensates with the negative effects on other stages. Consequently, it is crucial to model the different stages of health care use to unmask the relations that standard models hide.
Predicted impact of climate change on European bats in relation to their biogeographic patterns

There has been considerable recent interest concerning the impact of climate change on a wide range of taxa. However, little is known about how the biogeographic affinities of taxa may affect their responses to these impacts. Our main aim was to study how predicted climate change will affect the distribution of 28 European bat species grouped by their biogeographic patterns as determined by a spatial Principal Component Analysis. Using presence‐only modelling techniques and climatic data (minimum temperature, average temperature, precipitation, humidity and daily temperature range) for four different climate change scenarios (IPCC scenarios ranging from the most extreme A1FI, A2, B2 to the least severe, B1), we predict the potential geographic distribution of bat species in Europe grouped according to their biogeographic patterns for the years 2020–2030, 2050–2060 and 2090–2100. Biogeographic patterns exert a great influence on a species' response to climate change. Bat species more associated with colder climates, hence northern latitudes, could be more severely affected with some extinctions predicted by the end of the century. The Mediterranean and Temperate groups seem to be more tolerant of temperature increases, however, their projections varied considerably under different climate change scenarios. Scenario A1FI was clearly the most detrimental for European bat diversity, with several extinctions and declines in occupied area predicted for several species. The B scenarios were less damaging and even predicted that some species could increase their geographical ranges. However, all models only took into account climatic envelopes whereas available habitat and species interactions will also probably play an important role in delimiting future distribution patterns. The models may therefore generate ‘best case’ predictions about future changes in the distribution of European bats.