Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Negative capacitance independent multi-gate FinFETs and their optimisations

ABSTRACT In order to reduce the operating voltage of FinFET and increase the flexibility of integrated circuit design, we have proposed a Negative Capacitance Independent Multi-Gate FinFET (NC-IMG-FinFET) with Ferroelectric-Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor-Insulator (FMISI) structure. Both the device and circuit analysis model of NC-IMG-FinFET are addressed, which are used to analyse the performance parameters of the device (the surface potential, internal gate voltage amplification, Sub-threshold Swing (SS), on-current and leakage) and the performance of a circuit (delay, power consumption, power delay product (PDP)). The simulation model of the NC-IMG-FinFET has been constructed by combining BSIM-IMG model with ferroelectric Landau-Khalatnikov model. The optimisations for ferroelectric film thickness of the NC-IMG-FinFETs are carried out in terms of device characteristics and circuit performances. The simulation results are consistent with the analysis results, indicating that the NC-IMG-FinFET has superior performance compared with the baseline device, in terms of smaller leakage, larger on/off current ratio and smaller SS (38.3 mV/dec at room temperature). Compared with the baseline IMG-FinFET circuits, there is large performance improvement for the NC-IMG-FinFET circuits, in terms of the power consumption and PDP.
Electron Beam Radiation as a Safe Method for the Sterilization of Aceclofenac and Diclofenac—The Usefulness of EPR and 1H-NMR Methods in Determination of Molecular Structure and Dynamics

Diclofenac (DC) [2-(2,6-Dichloroanilino)phenyl]acetic acid,) and aceclofenac (AC) 2-[2-[2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]phenyl]acetyl]oxyacetic acid in substantia were subjected to ionizing radiation in the form of a beam of high-energy electrons from an accelerator in a standard sterilization dose of 25 kGy and higher radiation doses (50–400 kGy). We characterized non-irradiated and irradiated samples of DC and AC by using the following methods: organoleptic analysis (color, form), spectroscopic (IR, NMR, EPR), chromatographic (HPLC), and others (microscopic analysis, capillary melting point measurement, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)). It was found that a absorbed dose of 50 kGy causes a change in the color of AC and DC from white to cream-like, which deepens with increasing radiation dose. No significant changes in the FT-IR spectra were observed, while no additional peaks were observed in the chromatograms, indicating emerging radio-degradation products (25 kGy). The melting point determined by the capillary method was 153.0 °C for AC and 291.0 °C for DC. After irradiation with the dose of 25 kGy for AC, it did not change, for DC it decreased by 0.5 °C, while for the dose of 400 kGy it was 151.0 °C and 286.0 °C for AC and DC, respectively. Both NSAIDs exhibit high radiation stability for typical sterilization doses of 25–50 kGy and are likely to be sterilized with radiation at a dose of 25 kGy. The influence of irradiation on changes in molecular dynamics and structure has been observed by 1H-NMR and EPR studies. This study aimed to determine the radiation stability of DC and AC by spectrophotometric, thermal and chromatographic methods. A standard dose of irradiation (25 kGy) was used to confirm the possibility of using this dose to obtain a sterile form of both NSAIDs. Higher doses of radiation (50–400 kGy) have been performed to explain the changes in DC and AC after sterilization.
Policy Implementation Challenges of Special/Inclusive Education in Nepal

This study critically analyzed Nepal's policy implementation challenges of special/inclusive education. Using qualitative data collected through document analysis, interviews, and focus group discussions, this study is based on the premises of qualitative research design under the interpretative paradigm followed by critical interpretive design to analyze and interpret the field data. For this, 15 (fifteen) policy experts from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology, Department of Education, university professors, and 11 (eleven) head teachers from 6 (six) special and 5 (five) integrated schools, and special education council members and members of disabled related organizations were purposively selected as the informants. Furthermore, inadequate human resources, lack of necessary budgetary provision, and low level of awareness are the major challenges of special education in Nepal. There is a lack of a separate special education policy in the foundation period, and the responsibility and authority of relevant stakeholders are not explicitly stated. At the practice level, the researcher found a gap in the inductive action plans for implementation across the central, provincial, and local levels of government of Nepal. It was also found that there was no coordination among the Ministry of Education and other line ministries for the implementation of existing policy and provisions. This study implies that coherent policy-making is required through consultation with the relevant stakeholders from the central, provincial, and local levels so that there is a minimum gap in power-sharing among agencies at different levels of governance. Such attempts will ease the implementation of macro policies into the micro contexts.
ON THE PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOSYSTEMS OVER CLASS SEMIGROUPS OF IMAGINARY QUADRATIC NON-MAXIMAL ORDERS

In this paper we will propose the methods for finding the non-invertible ideals corresponding to non-primitive quadratic forms and clarify the structures of class SEMIGROUPS of imaginary quadratic orders which were given by Zanardo and Zannier [8], and we will give a general algorithm for calculating power of ideals/classes via the Dirichlet composition of quadratic forms which is applicable to cryptography in the class semigroup of imaginary quadratic non-maximal order and revisit the cryptosystem of Kim and Moon [5] using a Zanardo and Zannier [8]'s quantity as their secret key, in order to analyze Jacobson [7]'s revised cryptosystem based on the class semigroup which is an alternative of Kim and Moon [5]'s. 鳭醜谂A䰉e뒀곬麐Ā夏1㔰⸱㠳⸱㌷⸲ㄵЂȂȌ蠀ʏ蘢ꠒꠑ [2004년 뽧툌ࡕꠑȆ᧽Ʈƞ[2004년도 한국비블리아학회 추계학술발표회] 기획주제: 지식관리와 표현(knowledge Management and Representation) 날짜: 2004년 11월 19일(금) 13:00~ 20일(토) 12:00 장소: 대구대학교 강당 ※ 자세한 사항은 한국비블리아학회 홈페이지(http://society.kisti.re.kr/~kbslis )를 참조하십시오. Ā吀쐃Ā〇x樁ऌ؂숃㤁DȀ섋䨀㈰〴駭验蓫辄閜귬麑볭閙谠闪뢰鷭验낏뚔蓭閙ꃫ난鳭验Ȁ셊胫ꚬ送Yༀㄵ〮ㄸ㌮ㄳ㜮㈱㔸㘀ĂಈȀĀ辆⌀ƨሀƨᄀः最Ǖ岭淇醻㳕姖谀₿柒ఈ唀ƨᄂﴀȂ툀Ǖ岭淇醻㳕姖貲鐀 尀尀 ㈀ 㓕姖貱䒳쐀岭淇醻㳕姖谀⃈ᖮネ谀₼ༀ⃍钬쓕姂₼峖谀 尀尀∀₹簀⃂�榲좲⸀ હ컇䀀₭Âﰀ⃌㣅簀₽胐솴�붲좲⸀਀਀਀⨀⨀ ㈀ 㒱䒳쐀⃍钬쓕姂₼岳O谀₱粻㣈᳍鰀₼ༀ⃀곈Ҵ崀⃅䢰됀 ⨀⨀਀ ਀㄀⺬ᰀ⃍尀⃇簀⃂� 㨀 ㈀ 㒱䐀 ㄀テ퐀 ㈀㇇簀₺꧆铇簀縀 ㄀テ퐀 ㈀㋇簀₮ࣆ铇簀 ਀਀㈀⸀€ᰀ⃍尀⃇ꔀ⃁谀 㨀€붽膳O妭倀⃈ᖼӀ냆퀀€ᖲ豈 ਀਀㌀⸀₱粻㣍ࢸ嶹좬က 㨀 ㈀ 㒱䐀 ㄀テ퐀 㧇簀ꃆ铇簀 ਀ ਀㐀⸀⃀곈Ҵ嶹좬က 㨀 ㈀ 㒱䐀 ㄀テ퐀 ㄀㣇簀₮ࣆ铇簀 ਀ ਀㔀⸀⃈᳍鲼⦼销㨀⃇磑ケ㜀⃀쇅탁ᰀ₱粻㣈ᇂ᠀₼ༀ⃀곈Ҵ巇䐀栀਀ਠ㬀⃇郁㣕尀⃀곕淇䀀岭淇醻㳕姖谀䣓飇瓉쀀⠀栀琀琀瀀
Development and Use of a Monoclonal Antibody Specific for the Candida albicans Cell-Surface Protein Hwp1

The Candida albicans cell-surface protein Hwp1 functions in adhesion to the host and in biofilm formation. A peptide from the Gln-Pro-rich adhesive domain of Hwp1 was used to raise monoclonal antibody (MAb) 2-E8. MAb 2-E8 specificity for Hwp1 was demonstrated using a hwp1/hwp1 C. albicans isolate and strains that expressed at least one HWP1 allele. Immunofluorescence and atomic force microscopy experiments using MAb 2-E8 confirmed C. albicans germ-tube-specific detection of the Hwp1 protein. MAb 2-E8 also immunolabeled the tips of some Candida dubliniensis germ tubes grown under conditions that maximized HWP1 expression. The phylogeny of HWP1 and closely related genes suggested that the Gln-Pro-rich adhesive domain was unique to C. albicans and C. dubliniensis focusing the utility of MAb 2-E8 on these species. This new reagent can be used to address unanswered questions about Hwp1 and its interactions with other proteins in the context of C. albicans biology and pathogenesis.
MARKET REACTION IN THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR SHARE TO THE EVENT OF THE APPROVAL OF THE JOB CREATION LAW IN 2020

This study aims to determine the Market Reaction in Manufacturing Sector Stocks to the Legalization of the Job Creation Law 2020. The purposive sampling technique was used from all manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020 period. The event study analysis technique was used in this study with an observation period of approx. 21 trading days (10 days before and 10 days after). The results of statistical tests on abnormal returns show that there is no significant difference in the average abnormal return before and after the event and indicates a semi-strong form of market efficiency. The results of statistical tests on trading volume activity show that there is a significant difference in average trading volume activity before and after the event. This study implies that the ratification of the Job Creation Law has an impact on the investment climate so that when major political events occur, it is hoped that market participants will be more careful in making investment decisions, especially in buying and selling shares.
Blind Image Restoration Combined Wavelet Transform and RBF Network

It is well known that the blind image restoration is a quite difficult problem, especially for those images which degraded by Gaussian blur. To solve such kind problem, in this paper a novel technique is proposed, which combined wavelet transform and radial basis function (RBF) neural network. In the proposed technique, the wavelet transform decomposed the image into high frequency parts and low frequency part. Then the RBF neural network based technique is used to recover the given image. The inverse principal element method (IPEM) algorithm is applied to speed up the computation. Experimental results show that the proposed technique inherited the advantages of wavelet transform and IPEM, this new algorithm is efficient in computation and robust to the noise.
Effective workspaces of parallel robots

Abstract An approach for calculating the effective workspaces of parallel mechanisms has been considered in this paper. The effective workspace is a set of reachable by the end-effector points, where an important parameter (or parameters) from the point of view of operation is not higher than critical. In this article, the speed and torque in the drive and the stiffness of the mechanism are considered as such parameters. An approach to determining the appropriate effective workspace is presented for each parameter. The optimization process, which is based on presented methods, allows one to choose basic technical solutions of the designed robot: the links (lengths and cross-sections), the drives, and types of hinges, which guarantee its operability at the specified operational characteristics. Case studies of a delta robot with four degrees of freedom and a planar five-bar mechanism are presented for testing these approaches. The presented methods are of great practical importance because it uses movement parameters or operational characteristics that are decisive for this mechanism and have clear physical meaning.
New proofs of two $q$-Koshy identities

In this paper we prove a $q$-analog of Koshy identity in terms of Narayana polynomial due to Lassalle and a $q$-analog of Koshy identity in terms of $q$-hypergeometric series due to Andrews by inclusion-exclusion on Dyck paths and on partitions. We generalize these two $q$-Koshy identities for $q$-Catalan numbers to that for $q$-Ballot numbers. This work also answers an open question by Lassalle and two problems raised by Andrews in 2010. We conjecture that the polynomial $(1+q^n){m\brack n-1}_q$ is unimodal for $m\ge n\ge 1$, which implies the answer to the second problem from Andrews.
Assessment of structural health of an existing prestressed concrete bridge by finite element analysis

ABSTRACT This study investigates the feasibility of an alternative structural health monitoring (SHM) technique for an existing, post-tensioned, prestressed concrete bridge in Niigata, Japan. Currently, a static SHM system is in place to detect the progress of damages within the bridge. However, the existing system cannot properly monitor the structural health of the bridge including the periodic vibration, which is one of the damage-sensitive features of interest. Therefore, to effectively detect the real-time performances of the bridge, a three-dimensional (3D) Finite Element (FE) model was developed as a reference and verified using on-site load-deflection test results. After validating the reference FE model, different damage scenarios, such as degradation of concrete, corrosion & rupture of steel tendons and missing tendons, were incorporated in the FE models. Based on non-linear structural and Eigenvalue analyses, natural frequencies and mode shapes of the bridge remain constant even after careful consideration of all types of damages in the FE model. However, vertical displacements are observed to increase for the damage scenarios. Although the effect of tendon rupture and corrosion showed negligible influences on the vertical displacement, the deterioration of the concrete largely influenced the vertical displacement. Additionally, crack widths were found to vary with damage types. Brifely, this study recommends some effective indicators to monitor the structural conditions of the bridge using FE analysis (FEA).
In Vivo Evaluation of the Effects of Sintering Temperature on the Optical Properties of Dental Glass-Ceramics

In prosthodontics, the ability of glass-ceramics to express the optical properties of natural teeth is an important goal of esthetic restorations. Dental restorations do not merely need to be similar in color to natural teeth; proper optical properties, such as opalescence, transparency, etc., must be combined in order to achieve excellent esthetic effects. The optical properties of ceramic materials are mainly distinguished by different hues (e.g., A, B, C, and D) combined with translucency (e.g., high translucency (HT), medium translucency (MT), low translucency (LT), and medium opacity (MO)). However, there are many varieties of tooth color. Therefore, it is expected that glass-ceramics can change their nanocrystal size and porosity through different heat-treatment temperatures and times and, thereby, present different transparency effects. This study mainly analyzed the influence of changes in sintering temperature on the optical properties of glass-ceramics. The optical properties of glass-ceramics in the oral cavity were evaluated with human trials. We hypothesized that (1) the transparency of glass-ceramics can be changed by controlling the sintering temperature and (2) glass-ceramics modified by the sintering temperature can be suitable for clinical applications. Results showed that the transparency decreased, the nanoparticle size increased, the crystallinity increased, and the surface hardness decreased as the sintering temperature increased. High-brightness glass-ceramics have more-sensitive optical properties. Results of clinical trials showed that glass-ceramics whose transparency was changed by controlling the sintering temperature can be candidates for clinical applications. Based on the above results, the hypotheses of this study were supported. In the future, we will continue to explore the esthetic field of dental restorations.
Non-Conventional, Non-Permanent Magnet Wind Generator Candidates

Global industrialization, population explosion and the advent of a technology-enabled society have placed dire constraints on energy resources. Furthermore, evident climatic concerns have placed boundaries on deployable energy options, compounding an already regrettable situation. It becomes apparent for modern renewable energy technologies, including wind generators, to possess qualities of robustness, high efficiency, and cost effectiveness. To this end, direct-drive permanent magnet (PM) wind generators, which eliminate the need for gearboxes and improve wind turbine drivetrain reliability, are trending. Though rare-earth PM-based wind generators possess the highly sought qualities of high-power density and high efficiency for direct-drive wind systems, the limited supply chain and expensive pricing of the vital raw materials, as well as existent demagnetization risks, make them unsustainable. This paper is used to provide an overview on alternative and viable non-conventional wind generators based on the so-called non-PM (wound-field) stator-mounted flux modulation machines, with prospects for competing with PM machine variants currently being used in the niche direct-drive wind power generation industry.
Novel In Silico Insights into Rv1417 and Rv2617c as Potential Protein Targets: The Importance of the Medium on the Structural Interactions with Exported Repetitive Protein (Erp) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Nowadays, tuberculosis is the second leading cause of death from a monopathogenic transmitted disease, only ahead of COVID-19. The role of exported repetitive protein (Erp) in the virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been extensively demonstrated. In vitro and in vivo assays have identified that Erp interacts with Rv1417 and Rv2617c proteins, forming putative transient molecular complexes prior to localization to the cell envelope. Although new insights into the interactions and functions of Erp have emerged over the years, knowledge about its structure and protein–protein interactions at the atomistic level has not been sufficiently explored. In this work, we have combined several in silico methodologies to gain new insights into the structural relationship between these proteins. Two system conditions were evaluated by MD simulations: Rv1417 and Rv2617c embedded in a lipid membrane and another with a semi-polar solvent to mimic the electrostatic conditions on the membrane surface. The Erp protein was simulated as an unanchored structure. Stabilized structures were docked, and complexes were evaluated to recognize the main residues involved in protein–protein interactions. Our results show the influence of the medium on the structural conformation of proteins. Globular conformations were favored under high polarity conditions and showed a higher energetic affinity in complex formation. Meanwhile, disordered conformations were favored under semi-polar conditions and an increase in the number of contacts between residues was observed. In addition, the electrostatic potential analysis showed remarkable changes in protein interactions due to the polarity of the medium, demonstrating the relevance of Erp protein in heterodimer formation. On the other hand, contact analysis showed that several C-terminal residues of Erp were involved in the protein interactions, which seems to contradict experimental observations; however, these complexes could be transient forms. The findings presented in this work are intended to open new perspectives in the studies of Erp protein molecular interactions and to improve the knowledge about its function and role in the virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Analyzing siRNA Concentration, Complexation and Stability in Cationic Dendriplexes by Stem-Loop Reverse Transcription-qPCR

RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful therapeutic approach for messenger RNA (mRNA) level regulation in human cells. RNAi can be triggered by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) which are delivered by non-viral carriers, e.g., dendriplexes. siRNA quantification inside carriers is essential in drug delivery system development. However, current siRNA measuring methods either are not very sensitive, only semi-quantitative or not specific towards intact target siRNA sequences. We present a novel reverse transcription real-time PCR (RT-qPCR)-based application for siRNA quantification in drug formulations. It enables specific and highly sensitive quantification of released, uncomplexed target siRNA and thus also indirect assessment of siRNA stability and concentration inside dendriplexes. We show that comparison with a dilution series allows for siRNA quantification, exclusively measuring intact target sequences. The limit of detection (LOD) was 4.2 pM (±0.2 pM) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) 77.8 pM (±13.4 pM) for uncomplexed siRNA. LOD and LOQ of dendriplex samples were 31.6 pM (±0 pM) and 44.4 pM (±9.0 pM), respectively. Unspecific non-target siRNA sequences did not decrease quantification accuracy when present in samples. As an example of use, we assessed siRNA complexation inside dendriplexes with varying nitrogen-to-phosphate ratios. Further, protection of siRNA inside dendriplexes from RNase A degradation was quantitatively compared to degradation of uncomplexed siRNA. This novel application for quantification of siRNA in drug delivery systems is an important tool for the development of new siRNA-based drugs and quality checks including drug stability measurements.
Massive sphere determinants

An expression for the functional determinant on a sphere for a massive (scalar) field derived by Denef, Hartnoll and Sachdev using quasinormal modes is shown to exist already in the literature together with the multiplicative anomaly interpretation. The relevant expressions are outlined and several equivalent versions are given. The variation with mass is determined numerically. As an application of the derived formulae, the Hartle--Hawking probability of the Universe (via the dS/CFT correspondance) is recomputed. Agreement is found with Anninos, Denef and Harlow. The calculation is extended to all (odd) dimensions. I also compute the wave function which reveals an interesting feature.
Cerebral perfusion and its association with serum endothelin-1 in multiple sclerosis

ABSTRACT Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory, demyelinating and degenerative disease of the central nervous system. The exact pathogenesis of MS is incompletely understood. Cerebral vascular pathology is frequently verified in this disease. Perfusion studies may put light on the disease pathogenesis. In this study, we use dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI) to evaluate the cerebral perfusion in a group of MS patients. Thirty patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and 20 healthy controls were investigated. The perfusion parameters were assessed for normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and deep gray matter (DGM). Also, the serum level of the potent vasoconstrictor, endothelin-1(ET-1), was evaluated. There was reduction in cerebral perfusion in MS patients in comparison to healthy controls in the NAWM and (DGM). In addition, serum (ET-1) level was significantly elevated in the patient group and was correlated with the perfusion parameters. These findings suggest that cerebral hypoperfusion may play an important role in the pathogenesis of MS lesions. ET-1 has a role in cerebral hypoperfusion in both NAWM and DGM of RRMS patients. DSC-MRI could be an applicable objective measure to detect cerebral hemodynamic changes in MS.
Understand the Role Whistleblowing System and Internal Audit on Fraud Prevention

The development of the business world, especially banking is increasingly complex with a lot of competition. This can trigger the emergence of asset abuse and other fraud. This condition requires managers in the company to always carry out supervision in order to anticipate losses experienced by the company by doing various ways that can prevent them. This study aims to analyze the role of the whistleblowing system and internal audit on the fraud prevention of PT. Bank Mandiri Bandung branch. The factors tested in this study are the whistleblowing system and internal audit as independent variables, while fraud prevention is the dependent variable. The research design used in this study is explanatory. The population in this study were 50 employees of PT. Bank Mandiri Bandung branch. The sampling technique used in this study is to use a saturated sample because the population size is known with certainty. While the analytical method used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis at a significance level of 5%. The program used in analyzing and using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Ver. 23. The results of hypothesis testing indicate that the whistleblowing system and internal audit can prevent fraud.