Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Network security situation assessment with network attack behavior classification

To solve the problems that existing network security situation assessment (NSSA) methods are difficult to extract features and have poor timeliness, an NSSA method with network attack behavior classification (NABC) is proposed. First, an NABC model is designed. The model combines features and advantages of a parallel feature extraction network (PFEN), a bidirectional gate recurrent unit (BiGRU), and the attention mechanism (ATT). The PFEN module is composed of parallel sparse autoencoders which extract key data from different network attack behaviors. The BiGRU module gets the time‐series relationship from the state of three different time periods, finds potential representation rules from network attack behaviors. The ATT module pays more attention to the network traffic key information and improves the NABC accuracy. Second, the NABC detects and classifies attacks from network behaviors, the occurrence number of each attack behavior, and the error probability matrix are counted. Finally, the occurrence number of each attack behavior is corrected according to the error probability matrix, and the network security situation value is calculated through combining the severity factor of each attack behavior. The experimental results show that the precision and recall of the NABC model are improved by 5.28% and 5.65%, respectively, compared with the conventional method. The comparison experiment with the classical situation assessment method also proves that the proposed method can assess the overall situation of network security more effectively and comprehensively.
Resistance factors of pecky rice incidence caused by the rice stink bugs (Leptocorisa chinensis, Nezara viridula) in rice line CRR-99-95W

ABSTRACT Pecky rice incidence caused by rice stink bugs greatly decreases the quality of rice grain and has come a big problem not only in Japan but also many other rice producing countries recently. In this study, antixenosis and tolerance were examined as the factors of resistance to rice stink bugs attack of rice line CRR-99-95 W. Two experiments were conducted to determine a possibility of antixenosis involvement as a factor of the resistance in CRR-99-95 W. The results showed no correlation between the number of Leptocorisa chinensis parasites and pecky rice incidence. Furthermore, no significant difference was found between the sucking frequency of Nezara viridula on mature husks of CRR-99-95 W and that on the check genotypes. These results suggest that CRR-99-95 W does not exhibit antixenosis effect against rice stink bugs. Then, to examine the tolerance factor involved in the resistance mechanism, the husks structures were analyzed. The results showed that the packing ratio of cell wall of the sclerenchyma fibers in the palea tended to be higher in CRR-99-95-W compared to the check genotype. In addition, the width of the hook openness of the palea of CRR-99-95 W was narrower than that of the check genotype. Such morphological characteristic of CRR-99-95 W may play an important role in its resistance against stink bug attack. Graphical abstract
The Profile of MicroRNA Expression in Bone Marrow in Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHLs) are a heterogeneous group of malignant lymphomas that can occur in both lymph nodes and extranodal sites. Bone marrow (BM) is the most common site of extranodal involvement in NHL. The objective of this study is to determine the unique profile of miRNA expression in BM affected by NHL, with the possibility of a differential diagnosis of NHL from reactive BM changes and acute leukemia (AL). A total of 180 cytological samples were obtained by sternal puncture and aspiration biopsy of BM from the posterior iliac spine. All the cases were patients before treatment initiation. The study groups were NHL cases (n = 59) and AL cases (acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 25) and acute myeloid leukemia (n = 49)); the control group consisted of patients with non-cancerous blood diseases (NCBDs) (n = 48). We demonstrated that expression levels of miRNA-124, miRNA-221, and miRNA-15a are statistically significantly downregulated, while the expression level of let-7a is statistically significantly upregulated more than 2-fold in BM in NHL compared to those in AL and NCBD. ROC analysis revealed that let-7a/miRNA-124 is a highly sensitive and specific biomarker for a differential diagnosis of BM changes in NHL from those in AL and NCBD. Therefore, we conclude that analysis of miRNA expression levels may be a promising tool for early diagnosis of NHL.
INC-Hg: An Intelligent Collaborative Haptic-Gripper Virtual Reality System

Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVE) have shown potential to be an effective social skill training platform for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) to learn and practice collaborative and communication skills through peer interactions. However, most existing CVE systems require that appropriately matched partners be available at the same time to promote interaction, which limits their applicability to some community settings due to scheduling constraints. A second shortcoming of these more naturalistic peer-based designs is the intensive resources required to manually code the unrestricted conversations that occurred during the peer-based interactions. To preserve the benefits of CVE-based platforms and mitigate some of the resource limitations related to peer availability, we developed an Intelligent Collaborative Haptic-Gripper System (INC-Hg). This system provides an intelligent agent partner who can understand, communicate, and haptically interact with the user, without requiring the presence of another human peer. The INC-Hg operates in real time and thus is able to perform collaborative training tasks at any time and at the user's pace. INC-Hg can also record the real-time data regarding spoken language and task performance, thereby greatly reducing the resource burden of communication and interaction performance analysis. A preliminary usability study with 10 participants with ASD (ages 8–12 years) indicated that the system could classify the participant's utterances into five classes with an accuracy of 70.34%, which suggested the potential of INC-Hg to automatically recognize and analyze conversational content. The results also indicated high accuracies of the agent to initiate a conversation (97.56%) and respond to the participants (86.52%), suggesting the capability of the agent to conduct proper conversations with the participants. Compared to the results of human-to-human collaborative tasks, the human-to-agent mode achieved higher average collaborative operation ratio (61% compared to 40%) and comparable average frequencies for Initiations and Responses among the participants with ASD. These results offer preliminary support as well as areas of improvement regarding the agent's ability to respond to participants, work with participants to complete tasks, engage in back-and-forth conversations, and support the potential of the agent to be a useful partner for individuals with ASD completing CVE tasks.
Clinical and In Vitro Evidence Favoring Immunoglobulin Treatment of a Chronic Norovirus Infection in a Patient With Common Variable Immunodeficiency

Abstract Background Immunocompromised individuals can become chronically infected with norovirus, but effective antiviral therapies are not yet available. Methods Treatments with nitazoxanide, ribavirin, interferon alpha-2a, and nasoduodenally administered immunoglobulins were evaluated sequentially in an immunocompromised patient chronically infected with norovirus. In support, these components were also applied to measure norovirus inhibition in intestinal enteroid cultures in vitro. Viral RNA levels were determined in fecal and plasma samples during each treatment and viral genomes were sequenced. Results None of the antivirals resulted in a reduction of viral RNA levels in feces or plasma. However, during ribavirin treatment, there was an increased accumulation of virus genome mutations. In vitro, an effect of interferon alpha-2a on virus replication was observed and a genetically related strain was neutralized effectively in vitro using immunoglobulins and post-norovirus–infection antiserum. In agreement, after administration of immunoglobulins, the patient cleared the infection. Conclusions Intestinal enteroid cultures provide a relevant system to evaluate antivirals and the neutralizing potential of immunoglobulins. We successfully treated a chronically infected patient with immunoglobulins, despite varying results reported by others. This case study provides in-depth, multifaceted exploration of norovirus treatment that can be used as a guidance for further research towards norovirus treatments.
Photovoltaic‐based grid‐connected transformer‐less three‐phase cascaded diode‐clamped multilevel inverter with reduced leakage current

A photovoltaic (PV) transformer‐less grid‐connected cascaded diode‐clamped half‐bridge multilevel inverter (MLI) is presented in this paper. Compared with the conventional cascaded H‐bridge (CHB) multilevel inverter, the projected inverter permits connection of double the DC‐link voltage and hence enhances its rating. The most common problem the PV‐based transformer‐less grid‐connected CHB MLI system faces is the flow of leakage currents created by parasitic capacitances due to the disparity in common‐mode voltage. As per the German standards VDE‐V‐0126‐1‐1, the leakage current must be less than 30 mA. In the proposed inverter, due to the high‐frequency pulse width modulation of voltage, a peak leakage current flow of nearly 300 mA at switching frequency (2500 Hz) and about 150 mA at its subsequent harmonics is observed. Therefore, LC‐filters are employed in the proposed inverter to suppress the peak leakage currents to less than 3 mA. Also, the LC‐filters improve the total harmonic distortion (THD) profile of the injected grid current. Further, the proposed inverter is also designed to address the temporary faults. The proposed transformer‐less inverter is simulated using the MatLab/Simulink platform, and the results are experimentally validated by performing on a real‐time hardware‐in‐the‐loop using OPAL‐RT OP5700 digital simulator as plant and dSPACE 1202 as controller.
SCREENING OF SELECTED MALAYSIAN HERBS AS THE POTENTIAL BROAD SPECTRUM ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT AGAINST BACTERIAL DISEASES OF FISH

The control of fish disease is mostly based on synthetic antimicrobial agents. Indiscriminate usage of antimicrobial agents has resulted in antibiotics resistance. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the potential antimicrobial properties of herbal plants as an alternative antimicrobial agent. The susceptibility of fish pathogens namely Bacillus sp. , Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio alginolyticus towards aqueous and methanolic extracts of Cosmos caudatus, Curcuma mangga, Justicia gendarussa, Piper betle and Zingiber zerumbet were assessed using the agar well diffusion, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) assays. The methanolic extracts were found active against all tested bacteria, compared to aqueous extracts. The best antibacterial activity was demonstrated by methanolic extract of P. betle, followed by Z. zerumbet, C. caudatus, C. mangga and J. gendarussa, with the lowest MIC and MBC values of 0.39 and 1.56 mg/mL, respectively. The methanolic extracts of P. betle and Z. zerumbet also had greater inhibitory effects than some of the commercial antibiotics, particularly tetracycline and erythromycin. Overall findings suggested that the methanolic extracts of P. betle and Z. zerumbet are potential to be developed as new antimicrobial agents to prevent fish bacterial diseases.
Structural, mechanical, electronic and bonding properties of TMB2 (TM = Y, Sc, Ti) under pressure: a DFT investigation

ABSTRACT Based on the first-principles calculations, we have systematically investigated the structural stability, mechanical, electronic and bonding properties of TMB2 (TM = Y, Sc, Ti) under pressure for the first time. The results show that these TMB2 (TM = Y, Sc, Ti) compounds are structurally and mechanically stable from 0 to 100 GPa. The order of hardness from high to low is TiB2 > ScB2 > YB2. Both TiB2 and ScB2 belong to the type of superhard materials at 0 GPa, but YB2 is not. These materials soften with pressure increasing, especially for ScB2, which changed from superhard to hard material at about 80 GPa. The Pugh and Poisson ratio indicated that they all have a brittle behaviour under pressure, and YB2 is more prone to ductility than ScB2 and TiB2. The bond calculation indicates that all bond lengths decrease monotonously under pressure, and the TM–B bond is more sensitive to pressure. The relationship of bond lengths for TM–B and B–B are YB2 > ScB2 > TiB2 at the same pressure, which suggests that the shorter bonds may lead to a stronger interaction between atoms. Finally, the effects of pressure on the electronic properties are also investigated in detail.
Optimizing the self-homodyne coherent receiver method for frequency-noise measurements

This work focuses on the established self-homodyne coherent receiver (SHCR) method, which is enabled by recent advancements in chip-based coherent receivers. The accuracy of the SHCR method strongly depends on the fiber delay employed. This effect, critical when characterizing narrow-linewidth lasers, is not documented to our knowledge. We present a comprehensive study of this dependence, yielding an optimal fiber delay that maximizes signal-to-noise ratio. The results are validated by comparison with a commercial frequency-noise analyzer, which shows a comparable accuracy between both methods.
Motion Similarity Evaluation between Human and a Tri-Co Robot during Real-Time Imitation with a Trajectory Dynamic Time Warping Model

Precisely imitating human motions in real-time poses a challenge for the robots due to difference in their physical structures. This paper proposes a human–computer interaction method for remotely manipulating life-size humanoid robots with a new metrics for evaluating motion similarity. First, we establish a motion capture system to acquire the operator’s motion data and retarget it to the standard bone model. Secondly, we develop a fast mapping algorithm, by mapping the BVH (BioVision Hierarchy) data collected by the motion capture system to each joint motion angle of the robot to realize the imitated motion control of the humanoid robot. Thirdly, a DTW (Dynamic Time Warping)-based trajectory evaluation method is proposed to quantitatively evaluate the difference between robot trajectory and human motion, and meanwhile, visualization terminals render it more convenient to make comparisons between two different but simultaneous motion systems. We design a complex gesture simulation experiment to verify the feasibility and real-time performance of the control method. The proposed human-in-the-loop imitation control method addresses a prominent non-isostructural retargeting problem between human and robot, enhances robot interaction capability in a more natural way, and improves robot adaptability to uncertain and dynamic environments.
Ga2O3 microwires as wide dynamical range temperature sensors

In this work, we present our recent results on the applicability of optical microcavities based on Cr doped Ga2O3 wires to operate as a nanothermometer in a wide temperature range (at least from 150 up to 550 K) and achieving a temperature precision of around 1 K. To this purpose, DBR (distributed Bragg reflectors) have been used to enhance the reflectivity at the lateral ends of the wires. The transduction mechanism encompasses both the luminescence features of the characteristic R-lines of Cr3+ ions in this host as well as the interferometric effects of the Fabry-Perot resonances within the cavity.
Deep transfer learning CNN based approach for COVID-19 detection

Recently, the novel coronavirus (Covid-19) and its different variants have spread rapidly across the world. Early-stage detection of COVID-19 is a challenging task due to the limited availability of Covid testing kits to the public. Conventionally, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the reliable test for the detection of COVID-19 which is time-consuming and costly. The aim of this work is to identify the COVID-19 symptoms with the help of a deep learning algorithm using chest X-Ray images. In order to improve the quality of chest X-Ray images, authors have further modified the pre-trained model with some extra CNN layers, such as the first layer is the average pooling layer and the other two are dense layers followed by ReLU with softmax activation function. The experimental results have been carried out on publicly available chest X-Ray images of COVID-19 to mark COVID-19 patients as positive and negative datasets. For evaluation purpose, we have used benchmark of pre-trained models such as VGG-16 (Visual Geometry Group), VGG19, Xception, ResNet152, ResNet152v2, ResNet101, ResNet101v2, DenseNet201, DenseNet169 and DenseNet121. On the benchmark datasets, viz. COVID-19 X-Ray images, an average improvement in terms of training/validation accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-scores scores were 95%, 94%, 99/88%, 99/88%, and 93/92% respectively. The results provide sufficient evidence that deep learning can be used efficiently for the detection of COVID-19 symptoms.
Microstratigraphic Research of Altered Medieval Painted Plaster Fragments from the St John Monastery in Müstair (Grison Canton, Switzerland)

ABSTRACT Medieval wall paintings in the church of the monastery of St. John in Müstair (Switzerland) have been exposed to several fires over the last centuries. Non-invasive (hand-held-XRF) and microinvasive (PLM, SEM-EDX, XRPD, µ-Raman, and SERS) techniques were used to analyse 14 painted fragments from the Romanesque (c. 1200 CE) painting cycle recovered from the attic of the church above younger Gothic vaulting in order to study the microstratigraphy of the painted surfaces and determine alterations and newly formed products, with the aim of understanding if the darkening was directly attributable to contact with fire. Scientific, historical, and bibliographical research have shown that alteration processes in the pigments from these paintings are not directly linked with fires, except possibly for two lead-based painted fragments. This indicates that the action of the historically documented fires in the church was not uniform and did not affect all areas of the paintings equally.
Precision tracking control for piezoelectric actuator using pseudo discrete-time Bouc-Wen model

This paper deals with the control problem of piezoelectric actuators. A discrete-time hysteresis model which is inspired by continuous-time Bouc-Wen model is used to describe the hysteresis phenomenon. We try to fuse the new model with the adaptive control techniques, where the unknown parameters in the model are updated online. The control algorithm ensures the stability of the closed-loop system. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Spin-orbit cross control in nonlinear wave mixing

We investigate the orbital angular momentum mixing in frequency up-conversion with structured light beams. Phase and polarization vortex beams are coupled in noncollinear second harmonic generation under type-II phase matching. The spatial properties of the second harmonic beam are shaped by the combined features of the input beams. This effect creates a spin-orbit crosstalk allowing for angular momentum transfer between the two degrees of freedom. The information transfer between photonic degrees of freedom encoded on different wavelengths can be useful for connecting different physical platforms in quantum information protocols.
The Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Babesia divergens in Ixodes ricinus Nymphs Collected from Farm- and Woodland Sites in Ireland

The parasite, Babesia divergens causes redwater fever in cattle and a rare, albeit life-threatening disease in humans. In Ireland, B. divergens has always been considered an important pathogen as the high incidence of redwater fever precluded areas of the country from cattle farming. Moreover a relatively large proportion of human cases were reported here. Red deer (Cervus elaphus), which often harbour babesias that are genetically very similar (if not identical) to B. divergens, are quite widespread. In this study 1369 nymphal Ixodes ricinus ticks collected from various habitats were screened for the presence of B. divergens using TaqMan followed by conventional nested PCR. Fragments of the 18S rRNA gene locus (560 bp) were compared against published Irish B. divergens isolates from cattle, humans and red deer. Overall just 1% of I. ricinus nymphs were infected with B. divergens, with similar infection rates in ticks collected from farm- and woodland. Most (90%) 18S rRNA gene fragments derived from woodland ticks were 100% identical to published sequences from cattle and humans. One differed by a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) as did two isolates from ticks collected in bogland. Two isolates derived from nymphs collected in farmland differed by 2 and 4 SNPs respectively.
Population and Habitat Suitability Index Model of Bali Starling (Leucopsar rothschildi) in West Bali National Park

Bali starling (Leucopsar rothschildi) is categorized as an endangered species based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) red list. Thus, preventing this species from extinction becomes very crucial. One of the most important activities for this purpose is a soft release method to avoid birds’ mortality, which has been done in West Bali National Park (WBNP). However, this method creates the dependency of birds to the artificial treatment and may affect the distribution of Bali starling. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the population and habitat and create a habitat suitability index model for Bali starling in WBNP. Data were obtained by surveying the Bali starling population, including the number of individuals, distribution, age structure, sex ratio, natality, and mortality. Vegetation analysis was also conducted to determine habitat conditions. Finally, map interpretation data was used to develop a suitable habitat model for Bali starling in WBNP. The results showed that 63 Bali starling were found near the resort office, bird release sites, and binding bird cages. It indicated that the habitat of Bali starling has shifted from the soft release site. The habitat suitability index model of Bali starling in WBNP was Y = 17.145 + 6.640PC1 - 4.055PC2, showing the selected variables only give a moderate determination coefficient (R2 = 40.9%). The artificial treatment created by the WBNP authority seems to be another great factor influencing the existence and distribution of Bali starling in WBNP. It was also indicated that Bali starling could breed in the WBNP, but it tends to have a shifting habitat in the wild. Keywords: Bali starling, Geographic information system, Habitat suitability, Population