Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Data Security Factors Influencing the Adoption of Cloud Computing Services by Two Selected Nigerian Academic Libraries

Cloud computing plays a significant role in academic libraries for improving the efficiency at which information services is handled, processed and delivered. Academic libraries in advance counties have already deployed their information resources to cloud environment and can be accessed by all authorized users any time-anywhere. However, one of the most debating issue discussed in the field of cloud technology is its security aspect; which influences the rate at which the cloud computing services are adopted by academic librarians in both developed and developing countries. Therefore, this study aims at investigating the data security aspect of cloud computing that influences the adoption of cloud computing in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Library, Bauchi and Ramat Library, University of Maiduguri, all located in the North-Eastern Nigeria. Quantitative technique using cross sectional survey design was adopted for this study and questionnaires was used as an instrument for data collection. Population of the study comprises all staff of the two libraries amounted to be 328 staff and only 144 sample size were drawn for this study using Krejci and Morgan Sampling table. 136 questionnaires were found to be correctly filled, returned and therefore used in the study. Statistical Package for Social Science version 2.0 was used in analysing the data for both descriptive and inferential statistics. Finding of the study revealed that data integrity, data availability, data confidentiality, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness are statistically significant data security factors influencing the adoption of cloud computing in selected academic libraries. The study further recommended among others that those significant factors should be given more priority while making decision of cloud computing adoption. Similarly, other security factors associated with cloud computing should be explored in the future in order to have a comprehensive understanding of all the security issues of the cloud computing .
Komplexone XXXVI. Reakinsenthalpie und ‐entropie bei der Bildung der Metallkomplexe der höheren EDTA‐Homologen

Complexing agents of the type (−OOCCH2)N(CH2)nN(CH2COO−)2, with n values from 2 to 8, have been investigated. The stability constants and the heats evolved by formation of the 1:1-complexes of Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Hg2+ and La3+ have been determined. From the behaviour in complex formation reaction these cations can be divided into two groups. In the first one, including the A-cations Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+ and La3+, the stability constants and −ΔH by formation of the 1:1-complexes decrease rapidly when n is increased from 2 to 4. The second one contains all other metal ions investigated except Hg2+, and the drop in stability is observed between n = 4 and n = 5, whereas −ΔH slightly increases. Comparing the enthalpy values by formation of the complexes with cations of the first group of iminodiacetate and of EDTA (Table S), a considerable −ΔH increment is observed. The entropy gain by complex formation is approximately the same if the number of methylene groups in the chain connecting the two nitrogens is increased from 2 to 4. Replacement of one or two of these CH2− groups by 0 or S decreases generally the free energy and the enthalpy of complex formation to a great extent if new 5-membered chelate rings are formed.
Behavior and Role of Asphaltenes in a Two-stage Fixed Bed Hydrotreating Process

Abstract Residue upgrading processes are very important for the production of distillates and low sulfur fuel oils. Among those, fixed bed technologies are very efficient for deep desulfurization of petroleum residue heavy oils, even for highly asphaltenic feeds. This work analyzes the effects of the operating conditions on the evolution of asphaltenes and on their inhibition effect during the hydrodesulfurization reactions. Residue hydrotreating experiments were performed on a pilot plant and asphaltene fractions were investigated using size exclusion chromatography (SEC), 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), liquid chromatography, and elemental analyses. Besides the overall decrease in asphaltenes yield, significant changes in the average structure of the asphaltenes were also observed.
Lectin recognizing thermoresponsive double hydrophilic glycopolymer micelles by RAFT polymerization

Thermoresponsive double hydrophilic block glycopolymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-6-O-vinyladipoyl-D-glucose)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (P(NIPAm-co-OVAG)-b-PNIPAm) was prepared by a combination of enzymatic synthesis and reversible addition-fragment chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization protocols using P(NIPAm-co-OVAG) as a macro-RAFT agent. All the precisely synthesized glycopolymers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. Detections using laser light scattering and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the block glycopolymer was able to self-assemble into micelles with various sizes and sphere morphologies in aqueous solutions. The glucose pendants in the glycopolymers had obvious interaction with lectin, concanavalin A (Con A), and their capacity of interaction with Con A was controlled by the number of glucose units in the glycopolymers. The block glycopolymer micelles have excellent biocompatibility with pig iliac endothelial cells using the MTT assay, however the glycopolymer–Con A micelles could be used to induce apoptosis in human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells.
Kanemite (NaHSi2O5·3H2O) and its hydrogen-exchanged form

Kanemite, NaHSi2O5·3H2O, is able to exchange metal cations directly from aqueous solution. However, the degree of extraction is dependent upon whether kanemite or its hydrogen-exchanged form is the exchanger. Zinc cations, for example, are exchanged from basic solutions but the equilibrium extraction decreases with increasing acidity (at an equilibrium pH of 11.2, Kd=1070 cm3 g–1, whereas at an equilibrium pH of 4.88, Kd=70 cm3 g–1). Kanemite acts as an effective ion exchanger but the hydrogen-exchanged form is less effective, exchanging only by surface sorption at pH 2. In order to explain these and other properties, high-resolution solid-state magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MAS NMR) has been used to probe the structure of kanemite and its hydrogen-exchanged form. In kanemite there are only Q3 silicon-containing groups with extensive hydrogen bonding, and the interlamellar water molecules interact strongly with the silicate layers. In the hydrogen form, there is a dominance of Q3, but there are also Q2 and Q4 silicons. There is no NMR evidence for extensive hydrogen bonding and the SiO-H group is essentially undissociated. There are Bipolar interactions between the protons and the Q3 silicon atoms with weaker interactions with the Q2 and Q4. When the H-form is heated to 400 °C, some of the Q3 groups are involved in dehydroxylation reactions, as evidenced by the formation of Q4 silicons, but there are still some Q3 silicons remaining, and hence there are OH groups in the resulting material both from interlamellar water and Si-OH groups.
Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) - a powerful tool for studying mass transport over various length scales

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) is a sophisticated analytical technique for determining the elements present in materials, and especially on surfaces, with trace level sensitivity and high spatial resolution. The aim of this article is to give a short introduction to the SIMS technique and to focus then on selected case studies of mass transport in oxides over various length scales. It is shown that SIMS is capable of analysing diffusion profiles on a broad length scale, from some tens of nanometres to several hundred micrometres, which makes it possible to measure diffusion coefficients from about 10–18 cm2 s–1 to 10–6 cm2 s–1. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Square-Wave Voltammetric Determination of Sulpiride

The basic redox properties of sulpiride are investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammetryat a hanging mercury drop electrode. Sulpiride undergoes electrochemical reaction in basic media. The voltammetric response of sulpiride strongly depends on pH of the medium. A square-wave method for quantitative determination of sukpiride was developed.
Electronic structure calculations of high pressure phases of metal oxynitrides

Ab initio calculations are undertaken to compare properties of some phases of several metal oxides, namely titanium, tantalum, niobium and tungsten. The crystal structures considered follow that found in ZrO2, namely monoclinic, cubic, tetragonal and orthorhombic. In general, it is found that high hydrostatic pressures are needed for synthesis of these materials, although each of them exhibit quite significant compressibility.
Anharmonicity Study of Semiconductors and Metallic Nanotubes by Inelastic Spectroscopy

In this work, we have studied the temperature dependence from 83 to 1300 K in the change of position of Raman modes in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The effects of synthesis on the quality and quantity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were analyzed with high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The behavior of the modes G for CNTs with the application of temperatures was studied, and we find that the (G)-peak position shifts to low frequency with increasing temperature. When reducing the ambient temperature to 83 K, there is displacement of the G-mode but not many changes were observed in the other modes. At high temperatures, there are changes in the position and intensity of the different modes. This behavior cannot be understood by purely thermal effects, it may also be due to uniaxial tension. The analysis of the experimental data showed the temperature dependencies of frequencies (w) and linewidths (FWHM). As a result of FWHM and the thermal expansion theoretical data, we calculated the Grüneisen parameter and the phonon decay rate, which are well described, taking into account the contributions from thermal expansion and anharmonicity.
High mass resolution surface imaging with a time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy scanning microprobe

This article describes first applications of a time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF‐SIMS) scanning microprobe, based on a high mass resolution TOF‐SIMS instrument, combined with two pulsed primary ion sources: (a) 10 keV Ga liquid metal ion source (LMIS), probe size: 0.5–1 μm; (b) 10 keV electron impact (EI) ion source (Ar+,Xe+,O+2), probe size 4–10 μm. The detection limits for elemental and molecular surface species as a function of probe size are discussed. At a lateral resolution of 1 μm secondary ion images with about 1000 counts/pixel can be acquired in about 30 min. The high useful yields achieved by TOF‐SIMS allows the analysis of submonolayers of inorganic as well as organic materials at high lateral resolution. Currently up to 24 secondary ion images for different masses and a complete mass spectrum can be acquired simultaneously. The performance of the instrument is demonstrated by multielemental and molecular imaging of inorganic and organic patterns on Si wafers. Secondary ion i.
In situ diagnostic of etch plasmas for process control using quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy

The combination of quantum cascade lasers and infra red absorption spectroscopy (QCLAS) opens up new possibilities for plasma process monitoring and control. First measurements are reported with an especially designed quantum cascade laser arrangement for application in semiconductor industrial environments to track the approach for in situ process control in silicon etch plasmas. In gas mixtures with N 2 and in microwave (MW) plasmas at pressures below 30 Pa concentrations of C 4 F 6 and of SiF 4 were measured simultaneously online for the first time. It could be demonstrated, that using quantum cascade lasers (QCL) it is possible to control ex situ mass flow controllers (MFC) based on in situ measured species concentrations in the gas phase and in the MW plasma bulk.
A New Facile Method for Preparation of Nylon-6 with High Crystallinity and Special Morphology

In this study, we develop a new facile method to prepare nylon-6 with special features (denoted as vp-nylon-6). The key strategy for the method is to make the crystallization of nylon-6 be performed in a slow and near-equilibrium manner by diffusing the vapor of precipitator into a nylon 6/formic acid solution at ambient temperature and pressure. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) have demonstrated that the crystallinity and crystalline perfection of vp-nylon-6 are significantly improved by the new method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations have shown that vp-nylon-6 exhibits versatile morphological features including ribbon, bowknot, flower, semisphere, and dumbbell which are the result of the assembly of crystalline lamellae. The crystalline lamellae occur in a discrete fashion rather than being embedded in an amorphous matrix even if concentrated nylon solutions are used. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) in transmission electron microsc.
Synthesis of well-controlled graft polymers by living anionic polymerization towards exact graft polymers

This article reviews the synthesis of well-controlled graft polymers by living anionic polymerization towards exact graft polymers. The structure of a graft polymer is defined by the following three parameters: (1) molecular weight of the main chain, (2) molecular weight of the graft chain, and (3) placement of the graft chain. Based on these three parameters, the extent of the structural control of the graft polymers synthesized so far is described. Finally, the recently synthesized exact graft (co)polymers by stepwise iterative methodologies are introduced. In their structures, the three parameters are perfectly controlled.
H2O2 Determination by the I3- Method and by KMnO4 Titration

The analysis of aqueous H 2 O 2 at concentrations as low as 1 μM is conveniently done by the I 3 - method, which is based on the spectrophotometric determination of I 3 - formed when H 2 O 2 is added to a concentrated solution of I - . At 351 nm, E max (I 3 - ) was measured to be 26 450 M -1 cm -1 . By contrast, an apparent value of 25 800 M -1 cm -1 was determined from a calibration of the I 3 - method against titration by permanganate. The difference could only be partially accounted for by the equilibrium between I 3 - , I 2 , and I -
PHOTOCONTROL OF PHYTOCHROME DESTRUCTION AND BINDING IN DICOTYLEDONOUS vs MONOCOTYLE‐DONOUS SEEDLINGS. THE INFLUENCE OF WAVELENGTH AND IRRADIANCE

Abstract— The irradiance and wavelength dependence of phytochrome destruction in vivo was analysed in etiolated cotyledons of Cucurbita pepo L. and etiolated seedlings of Amaranthus caudatus L. In contrast to grass seedlings, the rate of Ptot destruction could only be saturated by light sources that establish relatively high Pfr levels (about 50% of total phytochrome, corresponding to the photostationary state established by 693 nm light). To explain the irradiance dependence of Ptot destruction in dicots at irradiances above 0.1 Wm‐2, where the light reaction is at least one order of magnitude faster than Pfr destruction, we suggest there is a fast intercalary dark reaction between photoreaction and destruction. This dark reaction is probably—as in grass seedlings—the binding of Pfr to a receptor site. We conclude that the differences between dicots and grass seedlings with respect to the phytochrome system are of a quantitative rather than a qualitative nature.
Effect of thermal annealing and surface coverage on porous silicon photoluminescence

The effect of thermal annealing and surface coverage on porous silicon photoluminescence was studied in situ in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber. These investigations correlated simultaneously temperature, surface coverage, and photoluminescence intensity. The surface coverage was monitored using transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that the photoluminescence could not be defined only according to the presence of SiH2 surface species. Likewise, the disappearance of the photoluminescence versus thermal annealing did not scale directly with H2 desorption from SiH2 species. The loss of photoluminescence versus thermal annealing was attributed to surface structural changes or the production of surface states which provide pathways for nonradiative recombination.
Optical properties of ultrathin poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) films at several doping levels studied by in situ electrochemical surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy

In this paper, we report on in situ optical/electrochemical investigations using a combination of surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and electrochemistry in order to determine the complex dielectric constants of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) thin films. The PEDOT films were deposited by in situ electropolymerization. The film thickness was monitored by a quartz crystal microbalance. In the electrochemical surface plasmon resonance (EC-SPR) measurements, three wavelengths corresponding to interband and intraband electronic transition regions were used in order to investigate electrochromic properties. The optical conductivity was also determined by EC-SPR measurement with a near-infrared laser wavelength which corresponds to the region outside the anomalous dispersion.
Comparaisons de diverses méthodes de dénombrement de la flore acidifiante du lait cru

Depuis toujours, les fromagers de Gruyère ont apporté une attention particulière à la qualité bactériologique du lait et sa livraison biquotidienne qui existe encore dans de nombreuses fromageries artisanales du Jura et des Alpes a pour objectif de réceptionner des laits aussi peu contaminés que possible. Cependant, cette exigence ne concerne pas seulement l'importance de la contamination bactérienne, mais également la qualité, c'est-à-dire la nature de celle-ci. Or, la composition de la flore du lait est influencée par les conditions de production, de récolte et de conservation. Si de nombreux travaux sur ces influences se sont intéressés à une flore indésirable, tels que les coliformes, les psychrotrophes et les thermorésistants, il y a peu d'études sur la flore acidifiante du lait cru que le fromager considère comme plutôt désirable à condition qu'elle reste à un niveau acceptable. L'Institut Technique du Gruyère souhaitait entreprendre des études sur ce sujet, mais il était nécessaire de posséder une méthode de dénombrement de la flore acidifiante du lait cru. Il n'existait pas de milieu permettant à lui seul de dénombrer spécifiquement cette flore car elle est constituée d'un grand nombre de bactéries très différentes au point de vue taxonomique. En fait, nous souhaitions pouvoir dénombrer l'ensemble des bactéries présentes dans le lait cru qui sont capables de l'acidifier. Cette flore est essentiellement constituée par des bactéries de type lactique et par ce que Gorrini [6] appelait les acido-protéolytiques dont la majeure partie sont des microcoques.
Variabilidade espacial de propriedades hidrodinâmicas de um Neossolo Regolítico sob pastagem e caatinga

The hydrodynamic properties of soils under pasture and 'caatinga' (native dry forest) are affected by several factors, mainly associated with spatial and temporal aspects, due to differing root characteristics or livestock trampling rates, but few results that evaluate the effect of the magnitude of these sources of variability in the hydrodynamic properties of soils have been reported in the literature. The objective of this study was to analyse the spatial variability of parameters of water retention (van Genuchten) and hydraulic conductivity (Brooks & Corey) curves, obtained with the "Beerkan" methodology based on simple infiltration experiments and soil texture data. These measures were obtained for two sampled areas: an area of pasture (Brachiaria decumbens) and another one of 'caatinga'. The results showed that the use of pasture altered significantly the analysed properties of soil when compared to the ones with the soil under 'caatinga', and that the most significant changes were found in soil density and hydraulic conductivity. The geostatistic analysis identified the existence of spatial dependency of the studied attributes allowing the mapping of experimental areas.
Response of a Thickness-Shear-Mode Acoustic Wave Sensor to the Adsorption of Lipoprotein Particles

The properties of three different lipoprotein films were investigated using a thickness-shear-mode acoustic wave sensor in conjunction with an oscillator circuit that provides an automatic gain control (AGC) output. The oscillator records a frequency shift that is dependent upon both the mass and dissipative properties of the film and associated overlayers, but the shift in AGC voltage (ΔAGC) depends only upon the dissipative properties of the film. The total recorded frequency shift (ΔFT) is treated as a sum of two terms: ΔFM, the mass contribution of the frequency shift, and ΔFD, the frequency shift attributed to energy dissipation. An empirical relationship between ΔFD and AGC is found by measuring both parameters in purely dissipative fluids, which were mixtures of glycerol and water in the experiments presented here, and establishing a calibration curve from the corresponding data. ΔFT and AGC changes were measured during the formation of lipoprotein films on the thickness shear mode (TSM) acoustic .
Is the Surface Salinity Difference between the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific a Signature of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation?

The high Atlantic surface salinity has sometimes been interpreted as a signature of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and an associated salt advection feedback. Here, the role of oceanic and atmospheric processes for creating the surface salinity difference between the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific is examined using observations and a conceptual model. In each basin, zonally averaged data are represented in diagrams relating net evaporation and surface salinity S. The data-pair curves in the –S plane share common features in both basins. However, the slopes of the curves are generally smaller in the Atlantic than in the Indo-Pacific, indicating a weaker sensitivity of the Atlantic surface salinity to net evaporation variations. To interpret these observations, a conceptual advective–diffusive model of the upper-ocean salinity is constructed. Notably, the –S relations can be qualitatively reproduced with only meridional diffusive salt transport. In this limit, the interbasin difference in salinity is caused by the spatial structure of net evaporation, which in the Indo-Pacific oceans contains lower meridional wavenumbers that are weakly damped by the diffusive transport. The observed Atlantic –S relationship at the surface reveals no clear influence of northward advection associated with the meridional overturning circulation; however, a signature of northward advection emerges in the relationship when the salinity is vertically averaged over the upper kilometer. The results indicate that the zonal-mean near-surface salinity is shaped primarily by the spatial pattern of net evaporation and the diffusive meridional salt transport due to wind-driven gyres and mesoscale ocean eddies, rather than by salt advection within the meridional overturning circulation.