Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mobile Terrestrial Photogrammetry for Street Tree Mapping and Measurements

Urban forests are often heavily populated by street trees along right-of-ways (ROW), and monitoring efforts can enhance municipal tree management. Terrestrial photogrammetric techniques have been used to measure tree biometry, but have typically used images from various angles around individual trees or forest plots to capture the entire stem while also utilizing local coordinate systems (i.e., non-georeferenced data). We proposed the mobile collection of georeferenced imagery along 100 m sections of urban roadway to create photogrammetric point cloud datasets suitable for measuring stem diameters and attaining positional x and y coordinates of street trees. In a comparison between stationary and mobile photogrammetry, diameter measurements of urban street trees (N = 88) showed a slightly lower error (RMSE = 8.02%) relative to non-mobile stem measurements (RMSE = 10.37%). Tree Y-coordinates throughout urban sites for mobile photogrammetric data showed a lower standard deviation of 1.70 m relative to 2.38 m for a handheld GPS, which was similar for X-coordinates where photogrammetry and handheld GPS coordinates showed standard deviations of 1.59 m and the handheld GPS 2.36 m, respectively—suggesting higher precision for the mobile photogrammetric models. The mobile photogrammetric system used in this study to create georeferenced models for measuring stem diameters and mapping tree positions can also be potentially expanded for more wide-scale applications related to tree inventory and monitoring of roadside infrastructure.
Developments of reproductive management and biotechnology in the pig

Abstract This review aims to describe changes in production environment, management tools and technology to alleviate problems seen with the present hyperprolific sow model. Successful parturition in the pig includes the possibility to express adequate maternal behaviour, rapid expulsion of piglets, complete expulsion of placenta, elimination of uterine contamination and debris, neonatal activity and colostrum intake. We focus on management of large litters, including maternal behaviour, ease of parturition, colostrum production, piglet quality parameters and intermittent suckling. There are also some interesting developments in technology to assess colostrum and immune state of the piglet. These developments may be utilized to improve the success rate of reproductive management around farrowing, lactation and after weaning. We also discuss new insights in how to examine the health of the mammary gland, uterus and ovaries of hyperprolific sows. Finally, we assess the latest developments on breeding and technology of hyperprolific sows, including artificial insemination (AI), real-time ultrasound of the genital tract and embryo transfer (ET). We conclude that 1) for the sow to produce sufficient colostrum, both the behavioural and physiological needs of the sow need to be met before and after parturition. Furthermore, 2) new ultrasound and biopsy technology can be effectively applied for accurate diagnosis of inflammatory processes of the udder and uterus and timing of AI regarding ovulation to improve insemination efficiency. Finally, 3) developments in cryopreservation of germ cells and embryos appear promising but lack of valid oocyte collection techniques and nonsurgical ET techniques are a bottleneck to commercial ET. These latest developments in management of parturition and reproductive technology are necessary to cope with the increasing challenges associated with very large litter sizes.
Quantification of electron correlation effects: Quantum Information Theory vs Method of Increments

Understanding electron correlation is crucial for developing new concepts in electronic structure theory, especially for strongly correlated electrons. We compare and apply two different approaches to quantify correlation contributions of orbitals: Quantum Information Theory (QIT) based on a Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) calculation and the Method of Increments (MoI). Although both approaches define very different correlation measures, we show that they exhibit very similar patterns when being applied to a polyacetelene model system. These results suggest one may deduce from one to the other, allowing the MoI to leverage from QIT results by screening correlation contributions with a cheap ("sloppy") DMRG with a reduced number of block states. Or the other way around, one may select the active space in DMRG from cheap one-body MoI calculations.
How to learn Computer Science, using Computer Science

Many different learning styles exist nowadays. In general, they contain a sequence of steps the student has to go through in order to get new knowledge. The truth, however, is that the teacher most often provides students with a problem, a dozen of facts considered to be an “absolute truth”, his own solution to the problem and a subsequent assessment. Such, well known, learning pattern has a couple of shortcomings that many scientific papers are trying to solve. This paper aims to solve a general drawback of the standard learning approach, where the students accumulate knowledge while remembering set of definitions that subsequently do not know how to use, because they often do not understand them – how and why they were obtained. As an alternative approach, this paper defines a learning model where the teacher provides just a couple of “learning blocks” considered to be axiomatic set for a particular subject or a lesson, together with a number of problems that students have to solve. While solving each individual problem, the student himself reaches new definitions, which he or she then adds to his “dictionary” of “learning blocks”. In other words, the students build new, more complex, “learning blocks” by their own, based on a few core “blocks” or other “blocks”, which they already are built by their own. This learning model follows the philosophy that a theorem is composed by several axioms (core “learning blocks”) and/or one or more other theorems (newly built “learning blocks”). To demonstrate the relevance of the presented model, a specific domain was chosen, where the model is applied – Computer Science. There, the students are provided with the opportunity to study Computer Science through Computer Science itself, having just a few key “learning blocks” initially.
Training Novice Investors to Become More Expert: The Role of Information Accessing Strategy

Considerable research has examined how securities information, once accessed, is cognitively processed to arrive at buy, sell or hold decisions. In contrast, this paper examines whether training novice investors to simply apply the information accessing strategies used by better-performing security analysts, prior to actual cognitive processing of the information, would improve their performance. We obtain performance differences by comparing trained subjects who used the recommended strategies with untrained subjects. Notably, these differences emerged even during a significant market downturn during the simulation. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.
After Izimbizo, what next? A participatory development communication approach to analysing feedback by the Limpopo Provincial Government to its citizens

The new democracy in South Africa advocates for a community participatory approach in matters of governance using the Imbizo (plural, Izimbizo ) among other channels. Existent studies on Imbizo indicate that the major motivation for organisation of such gatherings by governments appears to be interactive community mobilisation, rather than feedback to matters raised during such gatherings. However, if participatory development aided by communication is to be effective, then it is imperative that feedback is provided not only during a once-off interaction with citizens by government but also, and more importantly, as follow-up to grievances raised during Imbizo . Adoption of Imbizo as effective channels of communication necessitates a provision of quality feedback by government to service delivery concerns raised at the Imbizo . A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with participants from three local municipalities in Limpopo Province. Findings reveal that the Limpopo Provincial Government does not provide adequate feedback to service delivery matters raised by communities during Imbizo . The study is relevant to the scholarship of government communication in the context of public discourse, which attributes growing sporadic service delivery protests to poor or inadequate feedback from government.
Tartu Ülikool Tervishoiu instituut

Purpose: The concept of organizational culture (OC) is used as one of the approaches in modern organizational analysis exploring the values , attitudes and beliefs behind human behaviour in work places. OC as a social phenomenon is considered to be important for the sustainability of every organization. In the servic e sector, OC may affect the nature and quality of the services provided. Several performan ce indicators in health care have been found to be related to OC, while the relationships between OC and patient satisfaction and subcultures in health care have received little att ntion. This paper has original value by creating an insight into an organization in the Est onian health care sector from the perspective of organizational analysis. The aim of the paper is to investigate the types of organisational culture in Tartu University Hospital and to discuss the consequences of OC with a focus on subcultures and patient satisfaction. Design: The OC instrument applied in a quantitative cross-s ectional study was earlier developed according to the Competing Values Framewo rk. Data from 456 medical and nonmedical professionals were analyzed using nonparame t ic t sts of descriptive statistics. A factor analysis was performed to assess the instrum ent’s compatibility with the health care sector. Findings: The results of the study show that the dominant cu lture type in all the groups investigated was the internal processes type usually followed by the rational goal type. Clinics with high patient satisfaction did not scor ed more than clinics with low patient satisfaction in terms of the human relations type. The factor analysis yielded a three-subscale instead of a four-subscale solution, which is commo nly described in the literature. Limitations: In the future, the random sample design and multid isciplinary approach to OC research should be followed in studies in the Eston ian health care sector.
Are science valleys and clusters panacea for a knowledge economy? An investigation on regional innovation system (RIS) - concepts, theory and empirical analysis

This research elucidates the concept of regional innovation systems (RIS). It argues that RIS can be a platform to apply classroom innovation ideas into practical context. Key definitions are given and distinctions drawn between national and regional innovation systems. Then, by suggesting to a number of important variables portraying innovation such as education, knowledge transfer, linkage and communications, regulatory quality, cost of doing business, trade openness, R&D expenditure and high-tech export for twenty emerging and developed knowledge based economies from Asia-Pacific, Europe and Latin America are differentiate. We empirically study these features of innovative ability in our sample regions by applying nonparametric robust partial frontier order-m approach in cross-section data analysis collected from the WDI and WCY-2011 dataset for the period 2011. The empirical results highlight that South Korea, Singapore and Malaysia are the frontier region or best practice nations and follower region can emulate the best practice nations by learning their policy implications while building up a successful regional innovation system. Moreover, our study reveals that Techno or science valleys and high-tech clusters are one of the panacea for a regional and thus overall economic development.
Foliar application of exogenous polyamines to ameliorate drought-induced oxidative damage and physiological inhibition in Toona ciliata seedlings

ABSTRACT Toona ciliata is a tree species native to Oceania, Southeast Asia, China and to the Indian subcontinent that is favoured for production of very high value timber. In this study, the potential for exogenous application of polyamines (PAs) for improving the ability of young trees to tolerate drought stress was examined. Two-year-old seedling trees were treated with foliar sprays of three PAs (putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm)) in 1 mM solutions three times at intervals of one day and then exposed to drought stress by withholding of irrigation over a period of 21 days. The PA pre-treatments reduced water loss and improved membrane integrity, photosynthetic capacity, antioxidant systems and upregulation of the expression of S-adenosylmethionine decarboylase (SAMDC) gene of trees under drought stress, with Spd or Spm pre-treatments generally being superior to that of Put. The enhanced drought tolerance of young T. ciliata seedlings induced by PA pre-treatment was associated with enhanced photosynthetic capacity, and a reduction in the loss of water in association with altered anatomical structure of leaflets.
Detection of Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae) using trimedlure versus enriched ginger oil in citrus orchards

Abstract Successful fruit fly control requires effective monitoring to make pest management decisions. Ceratitis capitata (Medfly) is typically monitored in Tunisia with parapheromone commercialised as trimedlure (TM). Chemical treatment is applied when the economic threshold (3 flies/trap/day) is reached. In this study, C. capitata populations in a commercial citrus orchard captured in McPhail traps baited with TM or enriched ginger oil (EGO) were compared over two seasons (2011 and 2012). Females of C. capitata were not attracted to TM or EGO. Trimedlure was significantly more attractive to C. capitata males than EGO under low and high population densities over sampling dates. The TM used in McPhail traps was adequate to attract male medflies in citrus orchards under a wide range of Medfly population levels. The use of the best attractant can help to make control decisions when population levels of flies are low, thus preventing unnecessary application of insecticides and/or other control methods.
Optimal Fuzzy Filter for Nonlinear Systems with Variance Constraints

본 논문에서는 추정 분산 제약을 갖는 비선형 이산시간에 대한 최적의 퍼지 필터에 대한 내용을 다루고자 한다. 필터를 설계할 때, 추정오차의 분산값은 필터의 성능이 결정하는 변수중 하나다. 이런 분산값에 더욱 강인한 필터를 설계하고자, 분산 제약 조건을 주어 필터를 설계하고자 한다. 먼저, 비선형 모델을 Tagaki-Sugeno 퍼지 모델을 이용하여 선형 모델로 변형한 후, 이 모델을 기반으로 선형 필터를 디자인한다. 이때 필터설계 과정 중 필터의 각 파라미터값을 구하기 위해 상태 추정오차 값은 평균제곱에 제한되며, 상태오차의 정상상태 분산값은 각각의 미리 정한 상한 제한 값 보다 작은 조건에서 필터를 설계하여 선형행렬부등식과 대수 이차 행렬부등식을 이용하여 파라미터값을 구한다. 이렇게 설계된 퍼지 필터는 트럭트레일러 시뮬레이션을 통해 설계 과정과 성능을 보여준다.
Detection of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus in Brazil

Reticuloendotheliosis retroviruses (REV) are known to cause immunosuppressive and oncogenic disease that affects numerous avian species. REV is present worldwide and recently has been reported in South America with cases of infected commercial flocks in Argentina. We surveyed for the presence of REV in birds from a state in the northern region of Brazil using real-time PCR. We report the first cases of REV in Brazil, detected in Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata), wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo), and chickens (Gallus gallus) at a relatively high prevalence rate (16,8%). Phylogenetic analysis indicated a close relationship of this strain to variants in the United States. This study provides evidence of REV in the Amazon biome and provides a baseline for future surveillance of the virus in the region and throughout Brazil.
In vitro Propagation of Citrus limonia Osbeck Through Nucellar Embryo Culture

Citrus limonia Osbeck is a promising rootsctock for commercial ci trus species with sturdy and disease and drought resistant characters. An efficient and highly reproducible plant regeneration protocol has been developed from nucellar embryo of Citrus limonia. Murashige and Skoogs medium was used for plant regeneration from nucellar embryos. It was noted that 6-benzylaminopurine at a concentration of 2.22 mM induced highest number of multiple shoots as 18.26 shoots per explant. On transfer of individual shoots to root inducing MS medium supplied with auxins, Indole-3-butyric acid (2.46 µM) and 6-benzylaminopurine (1.11 µM) proved to be the best combination. This media resulted in 78.80 % rooting and produced plantlets with an average of 5.53 roots/ shoot. Plantlets thus obtained were successfully transferred to green house for further observations. The micropropagated plantlets t hus obtained can be used as rootstocks by t raditional method or by micrografting.
DETECTION OF 2-(DIALKYLAMINO)ETHANETHIOLS AND V-SERIES NERVE AGENTS IN WATER AND AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS USING FOLIN-CIOCALTEU REAGENT

Summary A simple colorimetric tube detector for the detection of 2-(dialkylamino)ethanethiols and V-series nerve agents in water and in aqueous solutions is proposed. The detector is based on the reaction of the compounds with a chromogenic Folin-Ciocalteu reagent yielding a blue coloured reduction product. The detection limit of 2-(dialkylamino)ethanethiols is 2.5 mg/l, measurement range up to 250 mg/l. The detection limit of the V (VX) agent is 10 mg/l. The method allows V agents and their precursors and hydrolysis products to be easily distinguished from G-series nerve agents.
Uterine glycolytic enzyme expression is affected by knockout of different estrogen receptor subtypes

The estrogen signaling pathway via nuclear estrogen receptors (ER) α and β is considered to be the master regulator of the cellular glucose metabolism in the uterus. While in vivo animal studies have demonstrated that 17β-estradiol (E2) treatment increases the expression levels and activities of several glycolytic enzymes in the uterus, the specific ER subtype-dependent regulation of key glycolytic enzymes in the uterus has not been experimentally verified. In this study, the localization of ERα and ERβ in human and mouse endometria were evaluated using immunohistology. Given that ERα and ERβ are not functionally equivalent, ERα, ERβ and ERαβ knockout (ERα-/-, ERβ-/- and ERαβ-/-) mice were utilized to determine the expression pattern of glycolytic enzymes in the uterus. It was found that the level of ERα was higher than that of ERβ in the human and mouse endometrial epithelial and stromal cells, and both receptors were downregulated by E2 treatment in the mouse uterus. The expression of the hexokinase 1 and GAPDH was increased in ERα-/- and ERβ-/- mice compared with wild-type controls. Increased phosphofructokinase expression was observed in ERα-/- and ERαβ-/- mice, whereas increased pyruvate kinase isozyme M2 and pyruvate dehydrogenase expression was observed in ERβ-/- and ERαβ-/- mice. The findings indicated for the first time that while estrogen regulates ERα and ERβ expression in the uterus, ERα and ERβ selectively regulate uterine glycolytic enzyme expression during glycolysis. Additionally, the link between endometrial ER subtypes and glycolysis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is discussed. The findings suggested that the E2-dependent ER-mediated regulation of glycolysis may be involved in the disturbance of the glucose metabolism in patients with PCOS with endometrial dysfunction.
Performance and body composition of young Nellore bulls slaughtered at different body weights

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of slaughter body weight on the quantitative characteristics of carcasses and the yield of commercial cuts of young Nellore bulls. Twenty-four non-castrated, 11-month-old, feedlot-fed Nellore bulls were distributed in a completely randomized design, in three treatments: 350 kg, 400 kg or 450 kg of body weight at slaughter (SBW). Slaughter was performed in a commercial slaughterhouse. The data were analyzed by an ANOVA followed by a Tukey test (p ? 0.05). SBW had no relationship with dry matter intake (6.05 kg/day or 75.74 g/kg BW0.75), feed efficiency (22.16) or feed conversion (4.67). Average daily gain was different depending on the SBW. Animal slaughtered at 350 kg had gained 1.17 kg/day, whereas animals slaughtered at 400 and 450 kg had gained 1.49 and 1.47 kg/day, respectively. Cold carcass weight increased with SBW (189.50, 209.33, and 242.39, respectively). Other carcass characteristics, like pH at 48 h (5.75), cold dressing carcass (52.61%), chilling losses (1.79%), fat thickness (5.54 mm), marbling (3.34 points), intramuscular fat (6.68%), longissimus muscle area (63.10 cm2) and sarcomere length (1.60 ? m), were not affected by SBW, but SBW increased cold carcass weight. The treatments had effects on the primary and commercial cut weights. However, the cut yields for the forequarter (39.84%), hindquarter (47.82%) and side-cut (12.34%), and the secondary cuts: chuck (14.38%), hump steak (1.94%), shoulder clod (16.97%), brisket point end (5.56%), neck steak (1.00%), striploin (7.77%), outside flat (5.30%), topside (9.36%), tenderloin (2.16%), flank steak (3.41%), eyeround (2.67%), rump tail (1.20%), rump eye (3.89%), shank (4.44%), knuckle (5.25%) and rump cap (1.40%), were not affected by SBW. SBW did not influence (p > 0.05) the commercial cut compositions for all cuts in the forequarter and hindquarter. Finishing young bulls in a feedlot is a strategy to produce beef with reduced feed costs. After all, the slaughter body weight (350, 400 or 450 kg) influenced the quantitative characteristics of the carcass; however, it did not affect the yield of commercial cuts from young Nellore bulls.
How postgraduate pharmacy students develop professional understanding: Re-conceptualising deep, reflective learning

Published literature has shown that learners conceptualise and approach learning in different ways. The research reported in this paper explores postgraduate pharmacy students’ perceptions of learning and their understanding of the learning strategies employed whilst undertaking a postgraduate prescribing course. Twenty-six individuals, who had been registered on Keele University’s Supplementary Prescribing Course, participated in focus groups and individual interviews. Data are presented relating to one of the eight key themes that emerged, that is, traditional, academic learning and non-traditional, reflective learning. Participants clearly perceived, and had experience of, approaches to learning which they articulated as being of qualitatively different types. They perceived reflective learning to be analogous with a deep learning approach. Participants indicated a synergistic relationship between knowledge accumulation and reflective learning, resulting in higher levels of learning. Further, the findings show that behaviourist and constructivist orientations to education appear to be compatible, despite contrary views in the published literature. The authors describe the complexities of learning through the development of a model that articulates a re-conceptualisation of deep, reflective learning for professional practice.