Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heat-Conduction Methods in Forced-Convection Flow

Transient heat-conduction solutions are used to determine the thermal characteristics of fluid flowing in circular conduits, annuli, and between parallel plates. Jaeger’s method of deriving the time lag for heat conduction in composite slabs (herewith extended to include composite cylinders) reduces the problem to a series of arithmetical calculations. Numerical results are presented for flow between parallel plates with the following boundary conditions: Constant heat rate, linear wall-temperature variation, and constant wall temperature at one of the external surfaces with constant heat rate, no heat transfer, or zero temperature at the other surface. Some solutions are extended to account for external wall resistance, and thermal entry lengths are evaluated for fluids with high or low Prandtl numbers.
Metataxonomic Mapping of the Microbial Diversity of Irish and Eastern Mediterranean Cheeses

The distinct sensorial characteristics of local cheeses influence consumer preferences, and make an essential contribution to the local economy. Microbial diversity in cheese is among the fundamental contributors to sensorial and qualitative characteristics. However, knowledge regarding the existence of microbial patterns associated with regional production practices in ripened cheeses remains limited. The present research was conducted to test the hypothesis that the background metagenome of cheeses could be used as a marker of their origin. We compared Irish versus Eastern Mediterranean cheeses—namely Greek and Cypriot—using High Throughput Sequencing (HTS). The study identified a significantly distinct separation among cheeses originating from the three different countries, in terms of the total microbial community composition. The use of machine learning and biomarkers discovery algorithms defined key microbes that differentiate each geographic region. Finally, the development of interaction networks revealed that the key species developed mostly negative interactions with the other members of the communities, highlighting their dominance in the community. The findings of the present research demonstrate that metagenome could indeed be used as a biological marker of the origin of mature cheeses, and could provide further insight into the dynamics of microbial community composition in ripened cheeses.
Concentration-associated genotoxicity of the herbicide marvel in Oreochromis niloticus erythrocytes and in human and mouse Balb/c lymphocytesalb/c

The genotoxic activity of various concentrations of the marvel herbicide (0.76 μg/1 ml, 7.68 μg/1 ml, 76.8 μg/1 ml, 768 μg/1 ml) was evaluated in lymphocytes of humans and in Balb/c strain mice, as well as in erythrocytes of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). They were exposed to each of the concentrations for 6 h, and then genetic damage was evaluated using the comet assay. All concentrations tested induced significant genetic damage compared to the negative control (p < 0.01). On the other hand, there were no differences between the blood cells of the organisms studied. Tail length and tail moment increased starting from 0.76 μg/1 ml concentration, which is the lowest concentration reported to cause any genetic damage. Data suggest that the reported differences regarding the genotoxicity of marvel and its active ingredients are due to the marked differences between the concentrations studied and the adjuvants present in the commercial formulations.
Exploring Early Physical Examination Diagnostic Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease Based on Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) are an increasing public health challenge. There is an urgent need to shift the focus to accurate detection of clinical AD at the physical examination stage. The purpose of this study was to identify biomarkers for AD diagnosis. Differential expression analysis was performed on a dataset including prefrontal cortical samples and peripheral blood samples of AD to identify shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shared between the two datasets. In addition, a minimum absolute contraction and selection operator (LASSO) model based on shared-DEGs identified nine signature genes (MT1X, IGF1, DLEU7, TRIM36, PTPRC, WNK2, SPG20, C8orf59, and BRWD1) that accurately predict AD occurrence. Enrichment analysis showed that the signature gene was significantly associated with the AD-related p53 signaling pathway, T-cell receptor signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, and FoxO signaling pathway. Thus, our results identify not only biomarkers for diagnosing AD but also potentially specific pathways. The AD biomarkers proposed in this study could serve as indicators for prevention and diagnosis during physical examination.
Online analysis of coal slime water particle size based on RRSB characteristic parameters

ABSTRACT Because slime water grain size variations cannot be accurately assessed in coal preparation plants during production, a method for determining the particle size distribution (PSD) based on Rosin – Rammler–Sperling – Bennett (RRSB) characteristic parameters is proposed. This study performed an industrial real-time sampling of coal slime water at four test points in a coal preparation plant, using an online sampler and a mechanical-pressing particle size measuring device. The measurement accuracy test was confirmed through testing such that production requirements were met. Taking the feeding of the concentration tank as an example, three distribution laws were verified, and the results showed that the PSD fit well with the RRSB distribution function, where the characteristic parameter was 0.074 and the critical particle size was 0.047 mm. In addition, after changing the parameters through gradation, reflected the change of the dominant particle size range, while indicated the direction of the particle size change. Through this successful application, show that employing a set of characteristic parameters based on RRSB PSD – obtained via an online granularity analysis system analyzing slurry particle size trends – has good potential for addressing the problem at hand.
Developing a Laser Induced Liquid Beam Ion Desorption Spectral Database as Reference for Spaceborne Mass Spectrometers

Spaceborne impact ionization mass spectrometers, such as the Cosmic Dust Analyzer on board the past Cassini spacecraft or the SUrface Dust Analyzer being built for NASA's upcoming Europa Clipper mission, are of crucial importance for the exploration of icy moons in the Solar System, such as Saturn's moon Enceladus or Jupiter's moon Europa. For the interpretation of data produced by these instruments, analogue experiments on Earth are essential. To date, thousands of laboratory mass spectra have been recorded with an analogue experiment for impact ionization mass spectrometers. Simulation of mass spectra of ice grains in space is achieved by a Laser Induced Liquid Beam Ion Desorption (LILBID) approach. The desorbed cations or anions are analyzed in a time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer. The amount of unstructured raw data is increasingly challenging to sort, process, interpret and compare with data from space. Thus far this has been achieved manually for individual mass spectra because no database containing the recorded reference spectra was available. Here we describe the development of a comprehensive, extendable database containing cation and anion mass spectra from the laboratory LILBID facility. The database is based on a Relational Database Management System with a web server interface and enables filtering of the laboratory data using a wide range of parameters. The mass spectra can be compared not only with data from past and future space missions but also mass spectral data generated by other, terrestrial, techniques. The validated and approved subset of the database is available for general public (https://lilbid-db.planet.fu-berlin.de).
The effect of MHD mixed convection flow over a heated plate

The notion of this paper is to analyse the bidimensional, steady flow of a dusty fluid over a heated plate with varied fluid properties and magnetic fields. The boundary layer flow directed by Lapwood–Forcheimer–Brinkman extended Darcy model and Lorentz force are highly coupled and nonlinear. Similarity terms convert these nonlinear partial differential equations to higher‐order ordinary differential equations. These higher order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are converted to first order ODE by the numerical technique called the shooting technique. Temperature, concentration, and velocity are portrayed for various pertinent parameters, and it is spotted that due to the particles in the fluid, the heat transfer speeds up and temperature and concentration decrease. Nusselt number, Skin fiction, and Sherwood number also have been discussed here. The results are in keeping with the existing results. In understanding the thermal characteristic of various effects, it was seen that thermogeometric plate, radiation conduction is very useful for many industrial applications.
Effectiveness of the coastal and marine conservation initiatives in Bangladesh: analyzing the drawbacks of the legal, policy, and institutional framework

ABSTRACT The study attempted to identify the challenges and threats to coastal and marine conservation and assessed the effectiveness of the existing legal, policy, and institutional frameworks in this regard. This multidisciplinary research used both primary and secondary data. It was revealed that in the protected areas, both conservations and degradations go hand in hand, indicating the ineffectiveness of regulatory schemes. Ironically, many destructive activities like wetland poisoning, onslaught wildlife poaching, and clear felling of mangrove tree species threaten conservation initiatives in the coastal habitats. There is no specific law and policy which can effectively regulate marine and coastal resource management and conservation. Instead, many fragmented laws and policies created jurisdictional overlapping, followed by interest conflicts in most cases. The study recommends legal and institutional reforms to abolish jurisdictional overlapping and establish effective marine governance. The study proposed a model of an evidence-based national marine policy based on stakeholders’ perceptions.
Targeted NGS-Based Analysis of Pneumocystis jirovecii Reveals Novel Genotypes

Pneumocystis jirovecii is an important etiological agent of pneumonia that is underdiagnosed due to the inability to culture the organism. The 2019 PERCH study identified Pneumocystis as the top fungal cause of pneumonia in HIV-negative children using a PCR cutoff of 104 copies of Pneumocystis per mL of sample in nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal (NP/OP) specimens. Given that Pneumocystis consists of an environmental ascus form and a trophic from (the latter is the form that attaches to the lung epithelium), it is possible that life-form-specific molecular assays may be useful for diagnosis. However, to accomplish this goal, these assays require genotypic information, as the current fungal genomic data are largely from the US and Europe. To genotype Pneumocystis across the globe, we developed an NGS-based genotyping assay focused on genes expressed in asci as well as trophs using PERCH throat swabs from Africa, Bangladesh, and Thailand, as well as North American samples. The NGS panel reliably detected 21 fungal targets in these samples and revealed unique genotypes in genes expressed in trophs, including Meu10, an ascospore assembly gene; two in mitochondrial gene ATP8, and the intergenic region between COX1 and ATP8. This assay can be used for enhanced Pneumocystis epidemiology to study outbreaks but also permits more accurate RT-CPR- or CRISPR-based assays to be performed to improve the non-bronchoscopic diagnosis of this under-reported fungal pathogen.
Knowledge Sharing Efficiency Analysis Model Design of Internet Open Innovation Community

The emergence of Internet technology has changed the technological innovation path and knowledge acquisition paradigm of enterprises and promoted the construction of digital technology, digital platform, and digital infrastructure. A large number of companies have begun to create brand communities and obtain suggestions for product improvement and innovation from the communities. However, obtaining innovative opinions and inspiration through the community to the final realization is not achieved overnight. It needs to go through the process of knowledge sharing to user interaction, from user interaction to knowledge creation and discovery and from knowledge discovery to innovation contribution. To study the efficiency of Internet community innovation, it is necessary to decompose the innovation process into two parts: problem adoption and problem solution, and then analyze them separately to get the influence combination and path. Taking Xiaomi (one of the world’s largest mobile phone manufacturers) online community as an example, this article decomposes the process of issue solution into adoption stage and solution stage by crawling the relevant data of posts through web crawlers, takes the adoption efficiency and problem-solving efficiency as antecedents, and uses fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method to analyze the combination of conditions that affect the former two. It is of great significance to improve the knowledge sharing and innovation research of the open innovation community.
Evaluation of a Community-Led Program for Primordial and Primary Prevention of Rheumatic Fever in Remote Northern Australia

Environmental factors including household crowding and inadequate washing facilities underpin recurrent streptococcal infections in childhood that cause acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and subsequent rheumatic heart disease (RHD). No community-based ‘primordial’-level interventions to reduce streptococcal infection and ARF rates have been reported from Australia previously. We conducted a study at three Australian Aboriginal communities aiming to reduce infections including skin sores and sore throats, usually caused by Group A Streptococci, and ARF. Data were collected for primary care diagnoses consistent with likely or potential streptococcal infection, relating to ARF or RHD or related to environmental living conditions. Rates of these diagnoses during a one-year Baseline Phase were compared with a three-year Activity Phase. Participants were children or adults receiving penicillin prophylaxis for ARF. Aboriginal community members were trained and employed to share knowledge about ARF prevention, support reporting and repairs of faulty health-hardware including showers and provide healthcare navigation for families focusing on skin sores, sore throat and ARF. We hypothesized that infection-related diagnoses would increase through greater recognition, then decrease. We enrolled 29 participants and their families. Overall infection-related diagnosis rates increased from Baseline (mean rate per-person-year 1.69 [95% CI 1.10–2.28]) to Year One (2.12 [95% CI 1.17–3.07]) then decreased (Year Three: 0.72 [95% CI 0.29–1.15]) but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.064). Annual numbers of first-known ARF decreased, but numbers were small: there were six cases of first-known ARF during Baseline, then five, 1, 0 over the next three years respectively. There was a relationship between household occupancy and numbers (p = 0.018), but not rates (p = 0.447) of infections. This first Australian ARF primordial prevention study provides a feasible model with encouraging findings.
Modified closed flat-plate photobioreactor for optimizing CO2 bio-fixation by the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus

: Global warming due to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions is one of the most important environmental problems in the current century, therefore, there is an urgent need to search for effective eco-friendly strategies to reduce its risks. Biomass of autotrophic microorganisms has been used to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and to produce useful and economically valuable biomass. In the current study, a new strategy was used to improve the CO 2 bio-fixation ability of the cyanobacterium S. elongatus , by modifying the design of the closed flat plate photobioreactor by adding mutually inverted U-shaped baffles to increase the efficiency of CO 2 retention in the aqueous medium, thus increasing gas availability and utilization during photosynthesis. The results of the saturation and stability experiments indicated that optimal saturation occurred after 60–80 minutes and that the gas stability was for about 2 hours. The results of the bio-fixation experiment showed that the presence of fourteen baffles significantly increased the contact time between the trapped carbon dioxide and the culture medium of S. elongatus , in addition to preventing the rapid release of carbon dioxide from the aqueous medium, thus increasing the availability of carbon dioxide, which led to increasing the biomass productivity of S. elongatus . the an its stability an in led to a significant increase in This recommends the flat plate to its in
Using Bayesian Networks to Characterize Student Performance across Multiple Assessments of Individual Standards

ABSTRACT This paper explores how student performance across the full set of multiple modular assessments of individual standards, which we refer to as mini-assessments, from a large scale, operational program of interim assessment can be summarized using Bayesian networks. We follow a completely data-driven approach in which no constraints are imposed to best reflect the empirical relationships between these assessments, and a learning trajectory approach in which constraints are imposed to mirror the stages of a mathematic learning trajectory to provide insight into student learning. Under both approaches, we aim to draw a holistic picture of performance across all of the mini-assessments that provides additional information for students, educators, and administrators. In particular, the graphical structure of the network and the conditional probabilities of mastery provide information above and beyond an overall score on a single mini-assessment. Uses and implications of our work are discussed.
Limits on weak magnetic confinement of neutral atoms (3 pages)

It is shown that when a magnetic field is used to support neutral atoms against the gravitational force mg, the total curvature of the field magnitude B must be larger than m{sup 2}g{sup 2}/(2{mu}{sup 2}B), where {mu} is the magnetic moment of the atoms. This limits the minimum confinement strength obtainable for a trapped atomic gas. It is also conjectured that the curvature must be larger than twice this value for a magnetic potential that varies in only one or two dimensions, such as an atomic waveguide.
One‐sided 10T static‐random access memory cell for energy‐efficient and noise‐immune internet of things applications

This paper presents a one‐sided 10‐transistors static‐random access memory (SRAM) cell appropriate for the internet of things (IoT) applications in which energy‐efficient SRAM cells are necessary to raise the battery lifetime. The bit‐cell core of the proposed SRAM cell is composed of two inverters with different structures based on the gate‐wrap‐around (GWA) carbon nanotube (CNT)‐gate‐diffusion input (GDI) technique and only one‐bit line to perform both read and write operations to minimize active power consumption. The proposed bit‐cell uses a transmission gate network and write‐assist schemes to significantly improve the write‐ability and stack read‐decoupling technique to enhance hold‐/read‐stability. Moreover, a memory mini‐array has been implemented using the proposed cell along with all the principal circuitries. Extensive Monte Carlo (MC) simulations show that write/hold/read static noise margins (SNMs) are improved by about 1.252, 1.196, and 1.152 times, respectively. Also, the results of evaluating the write‐ and read‐yield parameters for the proposed SRAM bit‐cell are about 22% and 13% better than counterpart bit‐cell designs, respectively. In addition, the bit error rate (BER) and energy dissipation parameters for the proposed memory cell are almost 61% and seven times higher than the studied SRAM bit‐cell in the same simulation process. Finally, to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed SRAM bit‐cell in the real‐world application, a memory array architecture with an online (or off‐chip) adaptive power supply voltage based on a hardware algorithm for storing digital images at a minimum energy dissipation is proposed. Our simulation results emphasize that the proposed memory array can be a good candidate for energy‐efficient and noise‐immunity IoT platforms.
Hunting Levels of Turtle Dove (Streptopelia turtur) at Sites Where Food Is Provided: Implications for Sustainable Harvesting

Simple Summary The European turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur) is an important gamebird in south-western Europe, and in some areas a significant proportion of hunting grounds conduct targeted management aiming to increase its breeding densities and hunting opportunities, mainly through food provision. Using harvest data from managed grounds, we estimated the productivity (juvenile/adult ratio), the harvesting levels and the local turtle dove abundance before the hunting season, the latter being compared to the number of birds observed by hunters in food plots. Our research found high values of productivity and significant differences between the estimated abundance and the number of birds observed by hunters, which suggests that in a high proportion of grounds, the latter method may have led to bird overestimation and overharvesting. As managed grounds for the turtle dove may increase the productivity and recruitment of the species, it is crucial to ensure sustainable harvesting through (1) bird monitoring based on transects to calculate abundance and (2) promoting regulations to adjust the number of hunting days. Abstract In some regions of Spain, hunting grounds conduct management targeting the European turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur), a commonly hunted species, and unsustainable harvesting levels at these sites have been identified as one of the factors responsible for the species’ decline across its range. In hunting grounds where food was provided, we estimated the local turtle dove abundance before the hunting season, productivity (juvenile/adult ratio) and harvesting levels using harvest data from managed grounds over 4 years (2009, 2015, 2019 and 2020). Compared to previous research, a higher productivity value was found (median 1.67, range 1.24–4.15) in grounds providing more food for a longer period. We calculated that the harvesting rate should not exceed 37% of the estimated turtle dove population size (35–45%). Significant differences were found between the estimated local turtle dove abundance using a removal sampling protocol and the number of birds observed by hunters before the hunting season, which suggests that in a high proportion of grounds, the latter method may have led to bird overestimation and overharvesting. Our research supports the current European Union’s harvest management plan to promote sustainable hunting in grounds where targeted management is conducted.