Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unusual course of the vagus nerve in the neck passing anterior to the common carotid artery

Along its cervical part, the vagus nerve can be identified within the carotid sheath, usually in a position posterolateral to the artery and posteromedial to the vein. Herewith, we report a dissection case of a variant left vagus nerve, passing anterior to the common carotid artery. At the level of hyoid bone, the vagus nerve emerged from the space between the internal and external carotid arteries and the internal jugular vein. Then the nerve spiraled on the lateral surface of the common carotid artery and took an anterior position to the vessel. Such anterior course of the vagus nerve to the carotid artery is reported in the literature with varying incidence from 0.7% to 5% at ultrasonographic studies or during surgery. This variant course can be explained as an imperfect posterior shifting during embryonic development. When present this aberrant position of the vagus might hamper surgical neck dissection.
Chlorate Formation in Chlorine Dioxide Delignification—An Analysis via Elementary Kinetic Modeling

Abstract Elementary kinetic modeling was used to study the mechanism of chlorate formation in chlorine dioxide delignification. Reaction conditions reflecting typical industrial processes (T = 50°C, pH 1.5–4) were examined. Fe mediated Cl(III) decomposition and a reaction between hypochlorous acid and chlorous acid (or their equilibrium counterparts) were found to be the major reaction routes responsible for chlorate formation at pH < 3. The latter route accounts for chlorate formation at pH ≥ 3. The rate of chlorous acid (HClO2) self-decomposition was too slow either to compete against the other routes (pH < 3) or to yield notable amounts of chlorate within the given time frame (pH ≥ 3). The results suggest that chlorate formation could be suppressed, without adverse effects on chlorine dioxide regeneration, by aiming for end pH 3–3.5, ensuring a moderate chloride ion concentration and by favoring concentrated solutions/suspensions.
Titanate Nanotubes and Nanorods Prepared from Rutile Powder

Various sized hollow nanotubes and solid nanorods are synthesized from rutile powder (particle size ≈ 120–280 nm) using a relatively simple chemical approach in alkaline solution. The nanotubes and nanorods occur as hydrated phases: TiO2·1.25H2O and TiO2·1.0H2O, respectively. The rutile particles react in concentrated NaOH solution under hydrothermal conditions, yielding layered sodium titanate in the form of either polycrystalline nanotubes or single‐crystal nanorods. The form of the product depends on the temperature and time of hydrothermal reaction: Therefore, this is a report of the template‐free control of the degree of crystallinity, crystal structure, and morphology of these types of nanoscale sodium titanate products. By treating the nanotubes and nanorods with dilute HCl, the sodium ions within them could be exchanged for protons, and the morphology of the nanotubes and nanorods is retained, resulting in hydrogen titanate nanotubes and nanorods. The electrochemical performance of dehydrated hydrogen titanate nanotubes and nanorods is explored in terms of their potential performance as anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. The discharge capacity is higher for thin anatase nanorods converted from hydrogen titanate nanotubes when compared to the calcined (at 500 °C and 700 °C) products of hydrogen titanate nanorods. The significance of these findings is the possibility of fabricating delicate, nanostructured materials directly from industrial raw materials, because the natural mineral of titanium dioxide and most of the raw industrial TiO2 products exist in the rutile phase.
Adsorption of Atomic and Molecular Oxygen on the Au(321) Surface: DFT Study

Spin-polarized density functional theory based calculations within the GGA/PW91 exchange-correlation functional have been carried out to investigate the interaction of atomic and molecular oxygen on the Au(321) surface modeled by a periodic supercell approach. It was found that the atoms prefer interaction with surface cavities, while in the case of molecules, adsorption is more favorable if the molecular axis is parallel to the surface terraces on bridge or nearby bridge sites. Further, the interaction of separated atoms with the Au(321) surface may well induce, at a relatively low energetic cost, strong surface relaxation. The dissociation of molecular oxygen on the Au(321) surface is exothermic, and the barrier for the dissociation reaction, determined using the climbing-image nudged elastic band method, is 1.00 eV and with an interatomic oxygen distance for the transition states of ∼1.91 A.
Microscopic and Macroscopic Structures of Carbon Nanotubes Produced by Pyrolysis of Iron Phthalocyanine

By pyrolysis of iron phthalocyanine (FePc), either in a patterned or non-patterned fashion, under an Ar/H2 atmosphere, we have demonstrated the large-scale production of aligned carbon nanotubes perpendicular to the substrate surface useful for building devices with three-dimensional structures. Depending on the particular pyrolytic conditions used, carbon nanotubes with a wide range of microscopic structures having curved, helical, coiled, branched, and tube-within-tube shapes have also been prepared by the pyrolysis of FePc. This, coupled with several microfabrication methods (photolithography, soft-lithography, self-assembling, micro-contact transfer, etc.), has enabled us to produce carbon nanotube arrays of various macroscopic architectures including polyhedral, flower-like, dendritic, circular, multilayered, and micropatterned geometries. In this article, we summarize our work on the preparation of FePc-generated carbon nanotubes with the large variety of microscopic and macroscopic structures and give a brief overview on the perspectives of making carbon nanotubes with tailor-made microscopic/macroscopic structures, and hence well-defined physicochemical properties, for specific applications.
Uniqueness theorem for a meromorphic function and its exact difference

Let f be a nonconstant meromorphic function of hyper order strictly less than 1, and let c be a nonzero finite complex number such that f(z+ c) 6≡ f(z). We prove that if ∆cf = f(z+ c)− f(z) and f share 0,∞ CM and 1 IM, then ∆cf = f . Our result generalizes and greatly improves the related results.
Assessing 6C’s Pedagogy Deep Learning Attributes Using Exploratory Factor Analysis Among School Teachers in Malaysia

The best teaching and learning strategies involve teachers' understanding of the need for students to learn and provide deep learning. Teachers need to identify the characteristics to make the education system successful and sustainable. There are various attributes that are often discussed in producing the best exploration in teaching practice involving teachers competence. Accordingly, this quantitative study involving 582 teachers was conducted aimed at assessing aspects of deep learning competency among teachers consist of 6 measurement attributes known as 6C’s. Data were analyzed using inference statistics for the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using AMOS Version 23. The finding of reliability showed that the cronbach alpha for all constructs was high at 0.983. For the exploratory factor analysis using varimax rotation, the results show a 6 factors solution with Eigen value greater than 1.0. A KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) value of 0.979> 0.6 indicated that these items were adequate for inter-correlation while the Barlett Test was significant (p <0.05). By using the principal component analysis method, the anti-image (Measure of Sampling Adequacy (MSA) value for item correlation was greater than 0.5. The value of the variance explained by these 6 factors equals 78.68%. The overall findings indicate that the instrument developed to assess the attribution of deep learning competencies among teachers is appropriate for use in future research.
Ultrasound-Aided Fabrication of Carbonated Silicon-Substituted HA Nanopowder and its Configuration Characterization

Two inorganic compounds containing CO32- and SiO44- groups were introduced and ultrasound-aided coprecipitation method was applied to fabricate carbonated silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite (CSi-HA) nanopowder. The synthetic process was optimized and the crystalline phase, grain dimension and morphology of the CSi-HA nanopowder were characterized. The obtained results demonstrate that H3PO4 addition into alkaline Ca(OH)2 ammonia liquid with ultrasonic application can obviously prevent secondary phase formation and make the nascent HA product pure, highly dispersed and gel-like. The introduction of Na2SiO3 and Na2CO3 mixed solution as doping source into the nascent HA product with also continuous ultrasound utilization can effectively realize the ionic group substitution of HA by CO32- and SiO44- and make the final CSi-HA nanopowder fine and uniform. It was also found that the CSi-HA grain size shows a decrease trend with the increase of CO32- and SiO44- substitution in the experimental range.
9—TENSILE AND TEARING STRENGTH OF COTTON CLOTHS

Tensile strength and tearing strength are discussed separately. A relation between cloth tensile strength, yarn strength and the parameters of cloth construction and yarn construction is suggested. Tearing strength is shown to be dependent mainly on the spacing and strength of the threads being torn and the force required to make them slip over the crossing threads. Experimental results are given to illustrate the validity of the relations derived from theoretical considerations.
Stability Prediction of Integrated-Circuit Based Constant ON-Time Controlled Buck Converters

The commonly used average model is not applicable to predict the stability performances of constant <sc>on</sc>-time (COT) controlled buck converters. It has been reported that the issues of stability can be addressed by using the control signal to output voltage transfer function of the converters, named <italic>G</italic><sub>VC</sub>, for such class of converters. <italic>G</italic><sub>VC</sub> can be mathematically derived using describing-function approach to include the effects of side-band harmonics of the pulsewidth modulation (PWM) modulator. This is essential for modeling the control behavior of the COT converter class. However, the actual <italic>G</italic><sub>VC</sub> can deviate significantly from the derived ideal model. Therefore, a measured <italic>G</italic><sub>VC</sub> transfer function is important for real-world stability predictions. <italic>G</italic><sub>VC</sub> measurement, however, is often not feasible because the points of measurements are physically inaccessible due to integrated control circuit implementation. In this article, a realistic <italic>G</italic><sub>VC</sub> extraction method is proposed for each of the four commonly used COT schemes. Based on the measured <italic>G</italic><sub>VC</sub>, a procedure to predict the stability boundary is proposed and verified.
Hidden Wafer Scratch Defects Projection for Diagnosis and Quality Enhancement

Wafer map defect pattern recognition provides useful clues to yield learning. However, most wafer maps have no special spatial patterns and are full of noises, which make pattern recognition difficult. Especially, recognizing scratch and line types of defect patterns is challenging for process and test engineers. It takes a lot of manpower to identify such patterns, as hidden defective dies may exist on the scratch contour and become discontinuity points. Hidden scratch defective dies may suffer from latent and leakage faults, which usually deteriorate quickly and need to be screened by burn-in test to improve quality. A possible solution is to locate the obscure defective dies in scratch patterns and mark them as faulty. As a result, the quality and reliability of products is significantly improved and cost of final test is reduced. In this article, we propose a systematic methodology to search for potential hidden scratch/line defects in wafers. A five-phase method is developed to enhance wafer maps such that automatic hidden scratch defect pattern recognition can be carried out with high accuracy. Experimental results show the proposed method achieves higher than 89% recognition rate for scratch/line patterns, and higher than 94% for all common wafer defect pattern types.
Electrochemical corrosion behavior of X80 pipeline steel in a near‐neutral pH solution

In this work, the electrochemical corrosion behavior of X80 pipeline steel was investigated in a near‐neutral pH solution using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIC) and photo‐electrochemical (PEC) measurements as well as X‐ray photo‐electron spectroscopy (XPS) technique. The effects of hydrogen‐charging and stress were considered. The results show that the steel is in an active dissolution state, and a layer of corrosion product is formed and deposited on the electrode surface, which is subjected to further oxidation to form ferric oxide and hydroxide. Photo‐illumination enhances anodic dissolution of the steel when it is under anodic polarization due to destroying of the corrosion product film. When the steel is under cathodic polarization, the cathodic current density decreases upon laser illumination due to the photo‐oxidation of hydrogen atoms generated during cathodic reactions, which behaves as an anodic reaction to offset the cathodic current density. Hydrogen‐charging and stress decrease the corrosion resistance of the steel and enhance the dissolution rate of the steel.
Electrochemical bandgaps of substituted polythiophenesElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: cyclic voltammograms not given within the article. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/jm/b3/b301403g/

The electrochemical bandgaps for different soluble substituted polythiophenes have been measured by cyclic voltammetry. The effect of substituents on the oxidation/reduction potentials is discussed. Bandgaps obtained by cyclic voltammetry have been found to be in general higher than optical bandgaps. Among regioregular polymers substituted with a phenyl group at position 3 of the thiophene ring, examples are found that give very symmetric voltammograms. Rationalization for this behaviour is discussed from a conformational point of view.
Coated Surface on Ti-30Ta Alloy for Biomedical Application: Mechanical and in-vitro Characterization

aUniversidade Federal de Itajubá UNIFEI, Instituto de Física e Química, Av. BPS, 1303, 37500-903, Itajubá, MG, Brasil bUniversity of Florida, College of Dentistry, Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA cUniversidade Federal de Itajubá UNIFEI, Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica, Av. BPS, 1303, 37500903, Itajubá, MG, Brasil dUniversidade Estadual de Campinas UNICAMP, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica, Rua Mendeleyev, 200, 13083-860, Campinas, SP, Brasil eColorado State University CSU, Department of mechanical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Fort Collins, 80523, CO, USA fUniversidade Estadual Paulista UNESP, Faculdade de Engenharia, Campus Guaratinguetá, Av. Ariberto Pereira da Cunha, 333, Pedregulho, 12516-410, Guaratinguetá, SP, Brasil
Nudging Subjects at Risk: Social Impact Bonds between Financialization and Compassion

»Anstose fur gefahrdete Subjekte - Soziale Wirkungskredite zwischen Finanzialisierung und Mitgefuhl«. This paper explores the consequences of a recent Social Impact Bond (SIB) implementation in the UK at the level of everyday practices in three youth homelessness charities. By focusing on the effects of measuring and valuation devices, it is argued that the SIB transforms the way social welfare is delivered: it redefines practices, relationships, and interactions within service provision along the ambiguous dynamics of marketization processes. On the one hand, this is characterized by moments of creative articulation whereby service interventions connect a multitude of logics and narratives and exhibit both an emotionalized and behaviorist content. On the other hand, as this paper shows, economic principles underpinning the SIB are performatively actualized in the scheme, shaping interactions and relationships. The paper concludes that these two processes should be conceived not as mutually exclusive but as concomitant, yet conflictive forces that shape the marketization process of SIBs.
Stepwise Elongation of a Trinuclear Ruthenium Unit in Pyrazine-Bridged Linear Oligomers with Use of [Ru3(μ3-O)(μ-CH3COO)6(pyridine)(CO)(H2O)]

The synthetic method for the stepwise Ru3 unit elongation of pyrazine-bridged linear oligomer of trinuclear ruthenium complex with the Ru3(μ3-O)(μ-CH3COO)6 core has been developed, using a newly designed [Ru3(μ3-O)(μ-CH3COO)6(py)(CO)(H2O)] (py = pyridine) with labile and photoactive sites.
Fourier Transform Infrared Microscopic Imaging of an Embedded Paint Cross-Section

Fourier transform infrared imaging is presented as a new analytical approach in the study of paint cross-sections. Analytical FT-IR reflection imaging provides the spatially resolved acquisition of infrared spectra with a resolution of about 7 μm. The technique reveals detailed information on the organic functional group distribution in the individual layers of embedded paint cross-sections and is used complementary to visual microscopy and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersed X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). This method was applied to a paint cross-section of Rembrandt's Portrait of a Standing Man (1639). FT-IR imaging of this cross-section identified and localized different compounds present in the layers of this sample. Identification of these compounds based on their infrared spectra is confirmed by results from art historical and conservation literature. Special attention was given to a discoloration that was observed in large parts of the described painting. This discoloration was clearly visible in the paint cross-section. A hypothesis on the nature of the discolored paint layer is formulated based on the FT-IR imaging results.
PROFITABILITY INDEX DALAM FINANCIAL DISTRESS MITIGATION STUDI PADA BANK BUMN DI INDONESIA

The results of empirical analysis of four state-owned banks in Indonesia that are included in the healthy qualifications according to the OJK and listing on the stock exchange. Using the Trend analysis method of the Indexability Data Index for the period of 2015 to 2018, it was found that; Operating Profit Margin, Net Profit Margin and Return On Assets have a positive but not significant trend, but this forms the pattern of Operating Profit Margin Growth growing significantly in the 2017-2018 period. This is inversely proportional to Total Asset Growth which experiences a negative trend. Besides that, other important things are known that the implemented financial policies form financial distress mitigation in the trend pattern of upper and lower limits for safe profitability index ratios for the four banks. Key word: Profitability Index, Corporate Financial Distress
Evaluation of the trap concentration in highly doped semiconductors from low‐frequency noise spectra

Low‐frequency noise measurements were carried out in AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures. At temperatures between 100 and 300 K the spectra showed superpositions of a 1/f spectrum and two generation‐recombination (g‐r) noise contributions. From the amplitude of the 1/f spectrum Hooge parameters at room temperatures between 1.2 and 2×10−5 were obtained. A model for calculating the trap concentration in these highly doped semiconductors is proposed. This model assumes the location of the g‐r noise within the surface depletion region. The activation energies of the two traps were evaluated to 0.43 and 0.37 eV with corresponding capture cross sections of 2×10−13 and 5×10−14 cm2, respectively. The trap concentrations were evaluated to 2×1017 and 3×1017 cm−3, respectively.
Spin-Hamiltonian and density functional theory descriptions of spin exchange interactions

For a general spin dimer that has different numbers of unpaired electrons at the two spin sites, we examined the relationship between the spin exchange parameter J and the energy difference between the broken-symmetry and highest-spin states of the spin dimer on the basis of the spin-Hamiltonian Ĥ=−JŜ1⋅Ŝ2. The resulting relationship was shown to be a generalization of Noodleman’s formulas derived from the broken-symmetry method within density functional theory. We proposed a new method of calculating spin exchange parameters J within density functional theory on the basis of Slater’s transition state concept. The intrachain J values of magnetic solids A2MnF5 (A=Rb, Cs, NH4, Na, Li) were calculated by using the “transition-state” and Noodleman’s methods. The J values calculated by the transition-state method are in much better quantitative agreement with experiment.
Effect of yoga intervention on mindfulness, perceived stress, emotion regulation and affect: a study on senior managers in an Indian multinational corporate

: Psychological distress is highly prevalent among leadership professionals. Workplace yoga interventions to enhance psychological wellbeing and further follow-up studies are limited. We studied the effect of a residential five days yoga intervention and later follow-up after three months of home practice on 102 senior level managers of Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC). They were assessed for various psychological constructs like mindfulness, emotion regulation, positive and negative affect and perceived stress. Results of linear mixed effects model showed that all the variables had significantly influenced the perceived stress, except for emotion regulation. Findings suggest that intervention is effective in addressing the stress of senior managers by improving mindfulness, positive affect, and better emotion regulation strategy, but due to lack of supervised guidance after the program, there is a high chance of further relapse, which needs further attention to maintain an environment of sustained wellbeing.
Is reputational risk important for bank performance? Evidence from CEE-11 countries

The 2007-2009 revealed the weaknesses of the growth foundation and failure of risk management systems in large global banks. Consequently, there has been renewed interest in the creation of stable and functional risk culture. Protecting a financial institution’s reputation is among the most significant challenges facing financial firms. Thus the aim of this paper is to analyze why reputational risk is important for banks, and to trace its sources and consequences. In the empirical part, the paper proposes a new method to measure reputational risk: Stakeholder Reputation Score (SRS). The panel regression models are used to examine the impact of the SRS indicator on bank performance, for listed banks in the CEE-11. The estimation results indicate that the efforts to enhance bank reputation may not have a positive effect on bank performance, which may explain why many banks deal with reputational risk mainly in the context of minimizing loss after a scandal, rather than treating it as a strategic, long-term goal