Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Quantum Chemical Calculations of Some Thiazole Derivatives

An examination of quantum chemical and corrosion inhibition studies for some thiazole derivatives, namely 2-amino-4-(p-tolyl)thiazole (APT), 2-methoxy-1,3-thiazole (MTT) and thiazole-4-carboxaldehyde (TCA) had been tested as corrosion safe inhibitors for mild steel (CRS) in 0.5 M H2SO4 solutions at 25 °C temperature. The correlation between inhibition efficiency and descriptor variables obtained from the quantum chemical calculation using B3LYP/6-311G(d,p), B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p), and CBS-APNO methods. Result showed that APT could have better performance as corrosion inhibitor for the non-protonated and protonated for gas and solvent phase compounds using CBSQ method. The results of the highest occupied molecular orbital energy (EHOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy (ELUMO), the energy gap between ELUMO and EHOMO (ΔE), dipole moments (DM), molecular volume (MV), sum of the total negative charge (TNC), global hardness (η), softness (σ), electronegativity (χ), chemical potential (μ), Global Electrophilicity (ω) and sum of electronic and zero-point energies (SEZPE) of three methods are compatible with each other very well.
Water Metaphors in Dao de jing : A Conceptual Analysis

This paper focuses on the use of water metaphors in the ancient Chinese text Dao de jing (168 BC), which is the foundational text of Daoism and a primary source of modern Chinese ideas about life and politics. The paper analyses how the image of water is used in the text to facilitate the conceptualization of the core philosophical concepts. The analysis is based on the theoretical framework of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980; K? vecses, 2002). Water is discovered as occupying an essential position in the conceptualization of the Daoist worldview, which is manifested in notions of 道 dao and 德 de. It demonstrates that a cognitive approach offers an effective way to explore the cognitive basis of the text’s views on the eternal cosmological processing and of the application of morality in the human world.
Development of Reflectance Spectral Libraries for Characterization of Soil Properties

Methods for rapid estimation of soil properties are needed for quantitative assessments of land management problems. We developed a scheme for development and use of soil spectral libraries for rapid nondestructive estimation of soil properties based on analysis of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. A diverse library of over 1000 archived topsoils from eastern and southern Africa was used to test the approach. Air-dried soils were scanned using a portable spectrometer (0.35-2.5 μm) with an artificial light source. Soil properties were calibrated to soil reflectance using multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), and screening tests were developed for various soil fertility constraints using classification trees. A random sample of one-third of the soils was withheld for validation purposes. Validation r 2 values for regressions were: exchangeable Ca, 0.88; effective cation-exchange capacity (ECEC), 0.88; exchangeable Mg, 0.81; organic C concentration, 0.80; clay content, 0.80; sand content, 0.76; and soil pH, 0.70. Validation likelihood ratios for diagnostic screening tests were: ECEC 4.1 mg kg -1 d -1 , 2.9; extractable P <7 mg kg -1 , 2.9; exchangeable K <0.2 cmol c kg -1 , 2.6. We show the response of prediction accuracy to sample size and demonstrate how the predictive value of spectral libraries can be iteratively increased through detection of spectral outliers among new samples. The spectral library approach opens up new possibilities for modeling, assessment and management of risk in soil evaluations in agricultural, environmental, and engineering applications. Further research should test the use of soil reflectance in pedotransfer functions for prediction of soil functional attributes.
Tourism in Spain: Disaggregated Analysis of the International Demand

This paper analyses the main determinants of the international demand for tourism in Spain and quantifies their incidences. Given that the importance of tourism in Spain is not homogeneous through its territory, five models of tourism demand have been generated: one model for the total of Spain and another four models for the four groups that result of aggregating the Autonomous Communities according to their touristic profile. For the estimation we used dynamic specifications and a data panel of 15 countries (those with a larger weight in the volume of tourism to Spain) for the period 2001-2009. The results may be use to poliymakers in their decision-making processes.
Perceptions on teaching profession and changing role of school teachers: an investigation from eight schools in dubai and sharjah

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions on teaching profession and on the changing role of school teachers in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and to examine how this perception affects the teaching profession. To achieve this aim, one main question was inspected: Does the current perceptions of students, teachers and school leaders on teachers in the selected eight schools from Dubai and Sharjah affect the value of teaching profession? Dramatic changes on teacher’s role over the last decades have challenged teachers’ professional identities and carried the question of what it means to be a teacher in recent times. To articulate this change, some significant theories have been consulted in this study, such as professional identity, the role theory, the changing nature of the teacher’s role, educational reforms and privatization of education. The study devises three groups of participants comprising 200 teachers, 262 students and 10 experienced educators from eight private and public schools. Multiple instruments were utilized in a mixed methods research to collect data. The study finds that teachers notice a big shift about how they are valued. The results showed that teacher satisfaction is most notably obtained by effectively changing students’ attitudes in a positive way. The results also indicated that most students do not consider teaching as a future career despite their deep respect for their teachers. In addition, the results indicate that privatisation is key for the shift in the way teachers are valued.
Household Consumption Risk and Coping Strategies in Tajikistan: Evidence from Household Surveys

Forward-looking poverty analyses are essential for targeting and implementing poverty prevention interventions. In the presence of uncertainty and risk, the current poverty status of households is not a good indicator of whether they will be poor in the future. This paper examines consumption risk and risk-coping strategies in the case of Tajikistan, a country where frequent negative risks and adverse shocks are faced by its people. Our approach is to directly incorporate risk into the household welfare and poverty measures based on the financial concept of risk aversion and the volatility in welfare, measured by per-capita consumption. Using the derived measure of risk, we identify determinants of consumption risk and the use of coping strategies. The results show that higher risk and risk aversion is related to lower consumption and higher poverty. Household characteristics are important determinants of the consumption risk, while availability and accessibility of coping strategies are major factors for the choice of the coping strategies.
Towards a New Explanation of Sequence of Tense

Past-under-past embeddings have two readings, a simultaneous and a backward-shifted one. While existing accounts derive these readings via distinct mechanisms, be it by means of an ambiguity at the level of LF or via blocking of a cessation implicature, we propose an alternative account which avoids such ambiguity. For us, the meaning of a past tense morpheme, like -ed, is comprised of two components. Syntactically, every past tense morpheme carries an uninterpretable past feature [uPAST], to be checked by a (single) covert past tense operator Op- PAST carrying an interpretable feature [iPAST]. Semantically, the past tense marker encodes a relative non-future with respect to its closest c-commanding tense node (informally: ‘not later than’), immediately yielding the two distinct readings.
Influence of Functional Sweet White Lupin Biscuits on Lipid Profile and Food Efficiency of Induced Hyperlipidemia Rats

In recent years, functional foods have attracted much interest to prevent nutrition-related diseases such as hyperlipidemia and weight gain. In this regard, this study was designed to examine the effect of use sweet white lupin (SWL) oil and flour with/without germination as a source of active healthy components to prepare functional biscuits for lowering blood lipids and growth. Functional biscuits were formulated by replacing wheat flour and butter in biscuit formulae by SWL extracted flour and SWL oil in the range of 20-30% (w/w) and 30-40% (v/w), respectively. Results indicated that the feed of hyperlipidemic rats on diets supplemented with different functional SWL biscuits for 6 weeks significantly (P < 0.05) reduced serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins, very low density lipoproteins, ratio of total cholesterol/high density lipoproteins cholesterol, ratio of low density lipoproteins/high density lipoproteins cholesterol and atherogenic index. Furthermore, the feed of functional SWL biscuits significantly reduced the body weight gain of rats and their food efficiency compared to that of rats fed on hyperlipidemic diet. On the other hand, there was an increase in the value of high density lipoproteins cholesterol and its ratio with total cholesterol. All these findings supported that the addition of 25% germinated SWL flour and 35% or 40% germinated SWL oil in biscuits gave interested results compared to the common wheat biscuits. Therefore, the proposed functional SWL biscuits could be able to regulate the blood cholesterol and the body growth levels of individuals and patients.
Establishing and Validation of Modified CRE/Loxp System Useful In Temporal and Spatial Control of Genetic Knocking Out Using In Vitro Approaches by Induced Alpha Complementation

DNA recombinases are used to manipulate the genomic structure and to control the genetic expression in all living organisms. Cre is a P1 bacteriophage-derived tyrosine recombinase mediating the site-specific recombination between two loxP DNA recognition sites. Cre/loxP system allows generation of tissue specific mutations and is widely used in bioengineering and in mouse genetics. However, various factors limit its applicability such as lack of temporal control over its recombination activity, presence of cellular compensatory mechanisms, loss of site-specificity at high expression levels and its limited use for conditional recombination in certain brain structures due to a lack of sufficiently selective promoters. One approach used to overcome these drawbacks is the so-called split-iCRE technique that employs complementation of split-iCRE fragments via artificial FKBP12-rapamycin or ɑ-helix interactions. Rapamycin is a pharmacologically active substance while leucine zipper-mediated complementation so far only insufficiently restores recombinase activity. Here we introduce a system for controlling ɑ-complementation of two independent iCRE fragments under the control of two different promoters to reconstitute recombinase activity. Unsplit-iCRE was split between Lys130 and Asp132. Fragments were complemented restoring ~ 95% of the recombinase activity with very little background activity. Adding an external nuclear localization signal to the C-terminal fragment resulted in even higher enzymatic activity. Using an extended rigid linker between the polypeptide and the yeast GCN4-coil/coil leucine zipper domains was more efficient than a semi-flexible separator. The system was validated by knocking out the essential circadian clock component Bmal1 (Arntl) in MEF cells resulting in a loss of clock function in MEF cells.
Chaos in Economics

Chaos theory has generated a lot of excitement and important results in physics and some other fields. Can we say the same as regards economics? This paper briefly surveys the large body of literature on chaos in economics, about which much has been written. More specifically, the attention will be devoted to discuss the extent to which the techniques to approach chaos in economics can address market anomalies, complexity and chaotic phenomena. The various ways to detect chaotic behavior in economics can be well exemplified by considering exchange rates. We consider a continuous time exchange rate model that allows for heterogeneity of the agents' beliefs, in order to explore non-linearities and possible chaotic behavior since we believe that the correct approach is to try to find the dynamic model (if any) underlying the data. The model is econometrically estimated with Euro/Dollar data and examined for the possible presence of chaotic motion. The results indicate that the possibility of chaotic dynamics in our model is rejected.
TRANSLATION SYMMETRY OF EDGE STATE

The interplay of broken translation symmetry due to the edge and the particular properties of the edge states is illustrated considering the simple square lattice. In the case of the most symmetric edge (when its direction coincides with the primitive translation vector) the translation along the edge symmetry enables to transform the two-dimensional (2D) tight-binding method equations into a more simple 1D eigenvalue problem. When the direction of the edge does not coincide with the primitive vector, the above-mentioned symmetry is broken. Nevertheless it can be partially restored enlarging the primitive cell and the number of wave function components, what enables to obtain the above-mentioned effective 1D problem. It is shown that the exact solution of the 1D problem can be obtained by means of the Bethe Ansatz method what was checked by the numerical diagonalization. Using the proposed technique the properties of the edge states were considered. It was shown that there are two reasons for the edge states to appear: the local potential of the edge sites and the modification of the tunnelling amplitudes along the edge. In the case of the most symmetric edge only the second one can lead to the edge state energy dependence differing from the one of the bottom of the continuous band. While in the case of the tilted edge the electron motion along the edge infuences significantly the spectrum of the edge state.
Roles of environmental variables and land usage as drivers of dung beetle assemblage structure in mopane woodland

Colophospermum mopane woodland covers large areas of dry lowland savanna in southeastern Africa. Dominant land usage is conservation (45%) with the remainder mostly modified by farming. Dung beetle responses to environment (dung type, habitat, weather) and land usage (conservation, farming, mining) were examined at Phalaborwa (23.9431°S 31.1411°E) in the Phalaborwa-Timbavati Mopaneveld, South Africa. Partitioning of gamma species richness and diversity showed lower alpha values in mine areas than in farm and conserved areas. However, between-land usage differences in species richness, alpha diversity, abundance and biomass, showed lower significance than those between dung type and different weather. At two sampling scales, three multivariate techniques variously separated assemblages according to land usage, dung type and weather. Analysis of 21 mean samples separated clusters according to dung type (Canonical Correspondence Analysis, CCA) or mine assemblages, conserved plus farm assemblages on pig plus elephant, or cattle dung (NMDS, Factor Analysis) with shared variance of >80% and unique variance of 16–18% per cluster. In analysis of 188 samples (CCA), each overlapping dung type cluster was offset in ordinal space with congruent patterns of separation according to land usage and weather (drier days distant from moister days; conserved plus farm areas distant from early succession mine areas, which were distant from disturbed and later succession mine areas). Mining, dung types, and moist conditions were the strongest contributors to between-assemblage differences. Compared with conserved areas, dung beetle diversity is appreciably altered by mining but only slightly altered by intensive game farming or livestock ranching with subsistence agriculture.
Factors controlling the timing of the spring bloom in the Strait of Georgia estuary, British Columbia, Canada

We present a conceptual model to illustrate how wind events and the annual migration and grazing of the dominant copepod Neocalanus plumchrusinteract and affect the development of the spring bloom. The model was supported by observations made during 1988, 1992, and 1993. For example, in 1992, an El Nino year, the annual freshet of the Fraser River and probably the spring bloom started 1 month earlier. The bloom was interrupted by a wind event in late March. A few days later, its full recovery was interrupted by the peak in zooplankton grazing, and ambient ammonium concentrations increased. In contrast, in 1988, the annual freshet started later (mid-April), and winds remained strong throughout the same period, hindering the development of the spring bloom. The spring bloom was further suppressed by large numbers of zooplankton during April, resulting in a prolonged spring bloom. These observations indicate that interannual variations in winds and the timing of the annual freshet determine the timing and duration of the spring bloom, which in turn, determine the matching of phytoplankton to zooplankton in the Strait of Georgia. The matching or mismatching bears significant implications for food availability for juvenile fish.
Damped fall of magnets inside a conducting pipe

We consider the uniform motion of a short strong cylindrical magnet falling inside a conducting pipe and study the dependence of the magnetic braking force on the distance of the falling magnet from the pipe wall. We also consider two magnets falling together with parallel or opposite magnetic moments. We develop models for these three cases of magnetic braking and describe the experiments that validate our models. The experimental setups are inexpensive and can be readily assembled in a teaching laboratory.
Nexus between Financial Sector Development and Economic Growth: Empirical Analysis of 112 Countries

International statistics show that almost 30 percent of total world population lives on less than $765 GNI per capita per year in 2005. In comparison this indicator for developed countries is more than $9385 per year. This huge difference in per capita income can be accounted for by various factors which affect long‑run economic growth. One of the vital aspects that contribute the economic growth is the financial sector development. According to Levine(2004)the financial instruments the markets and the intermediaries are the factors of financial sector development that can promote economic growth. Well‑functioning financial intermediaries and markets can promote long‑run economic growth(Beck et.al 2001). However the financial sector development varies across countries because of different degree of the financial intermediation the rule of law and a number of other endogenous and exogenous reasons. As outlined in a number of studies financial sector development can affect economic growth through five main functions. Efficiently allocated savings can offer low cost financial resources for industry and firms. Moreover financial intermediaries help decrease transaction costs and thereby encourage deposits. Thus they in turn increase the funds available for investment. Managing and reducing risk can weaken the uncertainty of investment projects and strengthen deposits. The financial intermediaries prepare information on borrowers and provide this information to
Influences of proprietary and political costs on disclosure of directors' and executives' remuneration and ownership

Remuneration to, and ownership by, directors and top executives (D&Es) of listed companies have been subjected to calls for transparency as part of the corporate governance movement. Using the annual reports of 161 Australian listed companies, this study investigates the comparative impacts of proprietary and political information costs on management ‘s voluntary disclosure decisions concerning D&Es’ cash-based and equity-based remuneration, termination benefits, related-party transactions, shares held, and changes in ownership in their company. A firm’s investment opportunity set (using both market-based and accounting-based measures) is treated as a proxy for proprietary costs, while media attention and shareholder activism are used to proxy for political costs of voluntary disclosure. Results of this study provide evidence of the relative importance of two major types of information costs, proprietary and political, in influencing management’s (i.e., D&E’s ) decision concerning the extent to which they disclose sensitive details of their remuneration and ownership.
DEMAND FOR LOTTERY GAMBLING: EVALUATING PRICE SENSITIVITY WITHIN A PORTFOLIO OF LOTTERY GAMES

This article introduces a new approach to analyzing whether lottery games are complements or substitutes, and whether a portfolio of lottery games is optimally priced. We estimate Barten's synthetic differential demand system for the on-line lottery games operated by the Texas Lottery Commission. The demand system approach imposes theory-consistent demand restrictions that allow identification of parameters for games without price variation. We use the estimated parameters from the Barten model to construct expenditure and price elasticities. Results indicate that on-line games in Texas are generally substitutes for one another and the portfolio of games is not priced to maximize profit.
Antibacterial and phytochemical screening of Solanum erianthum D. Don

The present investigation deals with the antibacter ial potentials phytochemical screening of the aqueo us and organic solvents extracts from powdered leaves of s olanum erianthum were tested against nine bacterial pathogens (E.coli, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis, Klebs iella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcous aureus, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio cholerae) by disc diffusion method. The results re vealed that the ethyl acetate and chloroform extract shows high sensitivity to Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhi, and Serratia marcescens and less sensitivity and resistant to Ps eudomonas aeruginosa. The phytochemical study revea led the presence of phenols, saponins, phytosterols, terpen oids, tannins and flavonoids.