Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Critiquing, Curating, and Adapting: Cultivating 21st-Century Critical Curriculum Literacy With Teacher Candidates

Teachers commonly use sites such as Pinterest, TeachersPayTeachers.com, and Instagram to support their lesson planning. Developing a critical lens toward the use of these sites in teacher education is imperative, yet little research has been published outlining how this might be done. This study investigates how 44 teacher candidates (TCs) across two methods courses altered their thinking about the use of sites such as Pinterest, TeachersPayTeachers.com, and Instagram after experiencing explicit instruction and practice in 21st-century critical curriculum literacy. Findings indicate that TCs developed a more critical lens toward these sites, yet the inclusion of critical pedagogical content knowledge within 21st-century critical curriculum literacy is essential to develop a critical lens toward specific resources. Implications include how teacher educators might continue to develop 21st-century critical curriculum literacy in TCs and directions for future research.
Hypersensitivity to non-β-lactam antibiotics

Most allergic reactions to antibiotics are caused by β-lactam antibiotics; however non-β-lactam antibiotics are also capable of causing both immediate allergic reactions as well as late-type reactions to these drugs. This is especially true for fluoroquinolones and sulfonamides. Of these, the combination of sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim (Cotrimoxazol, e.g., Bactrim) is most important. However, there are certain types of reactions to non-β-lactam antibiotics that are not associated with β-lactam antibiotics. These include photosensitivity to sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones as well as different patterns of drug metabolism and associations with HLA alleles that may influence their prevalence. This review is focused on recent findings regarding the pathogenesis of allergic reactions to non-β-lactam antibiotics.
Enduring commitment: older couples living apart

As people live longer, there is an increasing possibility of couples becoming separated because one partner moves into a care home. Our qualitative mixed-method pilot study in an English town involved eight married couples aged over 65 years to explore experiences and practices of couplehood in these circumstances. This article focuses on the most striking emergent element of expressed couplehood in these now challenged long-term relationships: commitment. Drawing on in-depth (biographical) individual and joint interviews, observations and emotion maps, this article explores how separation affected the couples’ current sense and enactment of commitment to the relationship. Commitment in the partnership is now often one-sided. How committed the community-living partner feels – and its enactment – is heavily shaped by the shared history of happy and unhappy periods in the relationships, current contextual constraints, and family and institutional support.
Null Result for Prediction of Asymmetrical Anomalous Force from Frustum-shaped RF Resonant Cavity.

This paper describes the experiment conducted by the author to verify predictions of the controversial theory by R. Shawyer where a frustum-shaped RF resonant cavity (“EmDrive”) is expected to produce an asymmetrical anomalous force. A resonant cavity has been designed, simulated, and constructed, followed by a dynamic test on a pendulum platform while being energized with approximately 30W of RF power at the TE012 resonance mode. No force resulting from the application of RF energy has been detected within the resolution of the experimental setup. Spurious forces of thermal origin have been observed.
Recognition of Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow Regime Based on BP Neural Network

The automatic and objective recognition of gas liquid two phase flow regime has important industrial background and scientific significance. In this paper, the air water two phase flow regimes in the upward vertical section of U type tube were recognized with pressure and differential pressure fluctuations. At the same time, the effects of different combinations of the fluctuation features on the recognition possibilities of the adaptive BP network were investigated deeply. The high possibility was obtained with the statistical and fractal features of pressure and differential pressure fluctuations as the input of BP network, which were 0 778,0 846,0 800n and 1 00 for bubble flow, slug flow, churn flow and annular flow respectively. The method had some shortcomings, which is only fitted to off line requirement and a database of the features about flow regime should be obtained in advance.
Hollow Cathode Thruster Design and Development for Small Satellites

Direct thrust measurements and plasma plume diagnostics using a retarding field energy analyser have been performed for a developmental Hollow Cathode Thruster for discharge power of up to 53W for krypton and xenon. A maximum thrust of 1.6±0.1mN and specific impulse of 85±5s at 20sccm xenon and 53W discharge power are measured. The modular construction of the device allows altering the distance between keeper electrode and orifice. Propulsive performance is decreased considerably by increasing the distance between keeper and orifice from 1mm to 3mm. RFEA measurements 25cm downstream the HCT keeper operating with Krypton indicate the presence of a higher energy secondary ion population. The architecture and development status of a flight experiment consisting of a flight worthy HCT, a Flow Control Unit and a Power Processing Unit are also presented. The flight experiment is designed to operate from a small spacecraft bus. A PPU prototype has been manufactured and successfully tested with the developmental HCT.
Acute responses of heart rate and blood pressure in a session of games of active video games in young health males: a pilot study

Objective: analyze the responses of heart rate and blood pressure during and after a session of active videogames (AVG's). Methodological procedure: eight male subjects (age: 21 ± 1.6 years, weight: 71.0 ± 4.2, height: 1.77 ± 4 cm; % fat mass: 23 ± 5.78). The session: 72 minutes with AVG Xbox 360o Kinect ® in 4 different games (Dance Central 3 and Kinect Sports: boxing, volleyball and table tennis). Results: the responses of heart rate and blood pressure in VGA's shows that the games are able to alter the cardiovascular responses. Conclusion: through FCmax, VGA's are able to reach levels of moderate intensity.
Childhood Stressors, Relationship Quality, and Cognitive Health in Later Life.

OBJECTIVES The rising prevalence of cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and related disorders signals the need for a better understanding of how social factors may affect cognitive health for millions of Americans. Drawing from cumulative inequality theory, we aim to understand the implications of a stressful childhood on social relationships and cognitive health in later life. METHODS This study utilizes longitudinal data (2006-2016) from the Health and Retirement Study to examine pathways, both direct and indirect through social relationships in adulthood, from childhood stressors to cognitive health trajectories over time. RESULTS Respondents reporting a greater number of stressors in childhood had worse cognitive health over time, but those negative effects were not as steep as time progressed. Early-life stressors are also associated with less social support and more social strain in adulthood which, in turn, are associated with initial cognitive health. Finally, pathway analyses confirm that childhood stressors are indirectly associated with initial cognitive health through social strain and social support. DISCUSSION Findings reveal that a stressful childhood creates chains of risks that have lifelong implications for cognitive health, both directly and indirectly by creating obstacles for developing healthy and supportive social relationships.
Advancing Cancer Treatment by Targeting Glutamine Metabolism—A Roadmap

Simple Summary Dysregulated glutamine metabolism is one of the metabolic features evident in cancer cells when compared to normal cells. Cancer cells utilize glutamine for energy generation as well as the synthesis of other molecules that are critical for cancer growth and progression. Therefore, drugs targeting glutamine metabolism have been extensively investigated. However, inhibition of glutamine metabolism in cancer cells results in the activation of other metabolic pathways enabling cancer cells to survive. In this review, we summarize and discuss the targets in glutamine metabolism, which has been probed in the development of anticancer drugs in preclinical and clinical studies. We further discuss pathways activated in response to glutamine metabolism inhibition, enabling cancer cells to survive the challenge. Finally, we put into perspective combined treatment strategies targeting glutamine metabolism along with other pathways as potential treatment options. Abstract Tumor growth and metastasis strongly depend on adapted cell metabolism. Cancer cells adjust their metabolic program to their specific energy needs and in response to an often challenging tumor microenvironment. Glutamine metabolism is one of the metabolic pathways that can be successfully targeted in cancer treatment. The dependence of many hematological and solid tumors on glutamine is associated with mitochondrial glutaminase (GLS) activity that enables channeling of glutamine into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, generation of ATP and NADPH, and regulation of glutathione homeostasis and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Small molecules that target glutamine metabolism through inhibition of GLS therefore simultaneously limit energy availability and increase oxidative stress. However, some cancers can reprogram their metabolism to evade this metabolic trap. Therefore, the effectiveness of treatment strategies that rely solely on glutamine inhibition is limited. In this review, we discuss the metabolic and molecular pathways that are linked to dysregulated glutamine metabolism in multiple cancer types. We further summarize and review current clinical trials of glutaminolysis inhibition in cancer patients. Finally, we put into perspective strategies that deploy a combined treatment targeting glutamine metabolism along with other molecular or metabolic pathways and discuss their potential for clinical applications.
G-Protein coupled Purinergic P2Y12 receptor interacts and internalizes TauRD-mediated by membrane-associated actin cytoskeleton remodelling in microglia

In Alzheimer’s disease, the microtubule-associated protein, Tau misfolds to form aggregates and filaments in the intra- and extracellular region of neuronal cells. Microglial cells are the resident brain macrophage cells that are involved in constant surveillance and are activated by the extracellular deposits. Purinergic receptors are involved in chemotactic migration of microglial cells towards the site of inflammation. In our recent study, we found that microglial P2Y12 receptor has been involved in phagocytosis of full-length Tau species such as monomers, oligomers and aggregates by actin-driven chemotaxis. In this study, we have showed the interaction of repeat-domain of Tau (TauRD) with microglial P2Y12 receptor and analysed the corresponding residues for interaction by various in-silico approaches. In cellular studies, TauRD was found to interact with microglial P2Y12R and induces its cellular expression as confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and western blot analysis respectively. Similarly, immunofluorescence microscopic studies emphasized that TauRD were phagocytosed by microglial P2Y12R via the membrane-associated actin remodelling as filopodia extension. Furthermore, the P2Yl2R-mediated TauRD internalization has activated the microglia with an increase in the Iba1 level and TauRD become accumulated at peri-nuclear region as localized with Iba1. Altogether, microglial P2Y12R interacts with TauRD and mediates directed migration and activation for its internalization.
Application of mild-subcritical alkaline water extraction: optimum condition for
phenolic antioxidant extracted from cold-pressed defatted KDML 105 rice bran
and its phenolic profile

This research was aimed at optimizing the process of the mild-subcritical alkaline water (pH 9.5) extraction (mild SAW) of cold-pressed defatted Khao Dawk Mali 105 rice bran (CDRB) in order to achieve the maximum antioxidants with minimal brown colour. Response surface methodology and central composite design were performed with two variables: extraction temperature (107-129°C) and time (21-149 mins). The elucidated optimum conditions were 119°C and 85 mins with predicted response values: the total phenolic content of 16.9 mg gallic acid/g; protein of 64.3 mg/g; an ABTS radical scavenging activity of 14.4 mg Trolox/g; a browning index of 0.41; and reducing sugar of 62.0 mg/g. Proto-catechuic acid and p-coumaric acid were major phenolic compounds in the CDRB, while trans-ferulic acid, proto-catechuic acid, and p-coumaric acid were all abundant in the mild SAW extract. The results confirmed that the mild SAW extraction process for antioxidants is an environmentally friendly approach, which can increase the release of value-added compounds from rice bran residues.
1H NMR Reveals Dynamic Changes of Primary Metabolites in Purple Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) Juice during Maturation and Ripening

Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) is a tropical fruit that shows an increasing demand from global fresh fruit industries. The fruit is known to have climacteric properties that allow it to achieve ripening during distribution and transportation. However, the metabolic alterations that occur during ripening are poorly understood. Thus, this study was conducted to analyze the metabolites in passion fruit juice at different harvesting stages (35, 42, 49, 56 and 63 days after anthesis), employing 1H NMR spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis. A total of 30 metabolites were successfully identified using 1H NMR, the majority of which belong to primary metabolites, consisting of 14 amino acids, 7 sugars and 6 organic acids. Nevertheless, only three secondary metabolites were detected. Analyzing the metabolites using multivariate analysis reveals 13 of the metabolites were highly influential metabolites. These primary metabolites play essential roles in the maturation and ripening of fruit. Glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the shikimate pathway were differentially regulated during maturation and ripening of passion fruit. Profiling the metabolome of fruit during maturation and ripening reveals that all metabolites are interconnected with each other to cause maturation and ripening in passion fruit. This work will enhance the knowledge of physiological changes in purple passion fruit during maturation and ripening.
Elastic scattering spectroscopy in the management of breast cancer.

Elastic scattering spectroscopy (ESS) is an emerging technology capable of detecting malignant changes in tissue using elastic light scattering and light absorption. Pulses of broadband light are delivered to and subsequently collected from tissue to provide a spectrum. Automated spectral analysis using model based analysis (MBA) is under development. Potential clinical applications include ESS guided breast core biopsy, intra-operative assessment of SLN and tumour excision margin. This thesis explores various technical aspects of ESS and factors concerning spectral analysis in relation to the above potential clinical applications. Chapter 5 studied the effects of ambient lighting, tissue handling (i.e. exposure in open laboratory conditions, submersion in saline, chilling in ice) and formaldehyde fixation over time on ESS. The effect of ambient light on the ESS spectra is minimal at intensities below lOOOlux (i.e. in indoor or laboratory), but becomes significant at higher light intensities (i.e. beneath an operating lamp). As for tissue handling and formaldehyde fixation, the changes observed in ESS spectra within the first hour following excision were related to the changes in oxygenation status of haemoglobin. Otherwise, no other changes occurred during this period. However, prolonged formaldehyde fixation (beyond 4 hours) resulted in significant changes. The first part of Chapter 6 investigated the factors influencing the sensitivity and specificity of spectral analysis in differentiating ESS spectra of normal and metastatic axillary lymph nodes. By improving the correlation between ESS spectra and histology, sensitivity and specificity increased to 88-90% and 91-96% respectively from the previously reported sensitivity of 57% and specificity of 85%. The second part of Chapter 6 is a comparative study of ESS and touch imprint cytology (TIC). Based on 89 sentinel lymph nodes, both ESS and TIC identified 6 out of 8 nodes with metastasis giving equal sensitivities of 75%. Specificity was 93% for ESS and 100% for TIC. In Chapter 7, a grid system was used to correlate ESS spectra to the precise histology with the percentage of malignant replacement in breast tissue. Spectral analyses using MBA were performed with different training sets, and showed increasing sensitivity to differentiate normal and malignant breast ESS spectra with increases in the percentage of malignant breast tissue (specificity 0.74): Sensitivity 0.56 0.72 0.60 0.90 0.87 In conclusion, ex-vivo ESS spectra are relatively stable and reproducible within 1 hour of excision irrespective of different tissue handling techniques. Sensitivity and specificity of spectral analysis is dependent on accurate correlation between ESS spectra and histology, and the amount of replacement by malignant tissues.
Transcriptional Organization of the Salmonella Typhimurium Phage P22 pid ORFan Locus

Many phage genes lack sequence similarity to any other open reading frame (ORF) in current databases. These enigmatic ORFan genes can have a tremendous impact on phage propagation and host interactions but often remain experimentally unexplored. We previously revealed a novel interaction between phage P22 and its Salmonella Typhimurium host, instigated by the ORFan gene pid (for phage P22 encoded instigator of dgo expression) and resulting in derepression of the host dgoRKAT operon. The pid gene is highly expressed in phage carrier cells that harbor a polarly located P22 episome that segregates asymmetrically among daughter cells. Here, we discovered that the pid locus is fitted with a weak promoter, has an exceptionally long 5′ untranslated region that is instructive for a secondary pid mRNA species, and has a 3′ Rho-independent termination loop that is responsible for stability of the pid transcript.
Gallbladder Cancer Cell-Derived Exosome-Mediated Transfer of Leptin Promotes Cell Invasion and Migration by Modulating STAT3-Mediated M2 Macrophage Polarization

Tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) is a major component of tumor microenvironment (TME) and plays critical role in the progression of cancer metastasis. However, TAM-mediated regulation in gallbladder cancer (GBC) has not been fully characterized. Here, we found that exosomes derived from GBC cell polarized macrophage to M2 phenotype, which then facilitated the invasion and migration of GBC cells. We discovered that leptin was enriched in GBC cell-derived exosomes. Exosomal leptin levels promoted invasion and migration of GBC-SD cells. The inhibition of leptin not only attenuated M2 macrophage of polarization but also inhibited the invasive and migratory ability of GBC cell. In addition, GBC-SD cell-derived exosomal leptin induced M2 polarization of macrophage via activation of STAT3 signal pathway. Taken together, our results suggested that GBC cells secrete exosome-enclosed leptin facilitated cell invasion and migration via polarizing TAM.
Sensitivity of land–atmosphere coupling strength to changing atmospheric temperature and moisture over Europe

Abstract. The quantification of land–atmosphere coupling strength is still challenging, particularly in the atmospheric segment of the local coupling process chain. This is in part caused by a lack of spatially comprehensive observations of atmospheric temperature and specific humidity which form the verification basis for the common process-based coupling metrics. In this study, we aim at investigating where uncertainty in the atmospheric temperature and moisture affects the land–atmosphere coupling strength over Europe, and how changes in the mean temperature and moisture, as well as their vertical gradients, influence the coupling. For this purpose, we implemented systematic a posteriori modifications to the temperature and moisture fields from a regional climate simulation to create a spread in the atmospheric conditions. Afterwards, the process-based coupling metric convective triggering potential – low-level humidity index framework was applied to each modification case. Comparing all modification cases to the unmodified control case revealed that a strong coupling hotspot region in northeastern Europe was insensitive to temperature and moisture changes, although the number of potential coupling days varied by up to 20 d per summer season. The predominance of positive feedbacks remained unchanged in the northern part of the hotspot, and none of the modifications changed the frequent inhibition of feedbacks due to dry conditions in the atmosphere over the Mediterranean and the Iberian Peninsula. However, in the southern hotspot region in the north of the Black Sea, the dominant coupling class frequently switched between wet soil advantage and transition zone. Thus, both the coupling strength and the predominant sign of feedbacks were sensitive to changes in temperature and moisture in this region. This implies not only uncertainty in the quantification of land–atmosphere coupling strength but also the potential that climate-change-induced temperature and moisture changes considerably impact the climate there, because they also change the predominant atmospheric response to land surface wetness.
Small molecules from Bacopa monneiri as potent inhibitors against Neurodegenerative disorders

Alzheimer’s is characterized by the formation of senile plaques and fibril tangles. Several methodologies have been employed to treat the disease. Albeit engineered medications which are accessible for the treatment of Alzheimer’s, due to their numerous side-effects, it becomes imperative to formulate and synthesize novel drug candidates. Plants could be utilized as an alternative for these manufactured medications because of their low incidental effects in contrast with the engineered drugs. Bacopa monneiri (BM) is a therapeutic plant which is accounted for to be utilized to treat NDs. Therefore, in current study an in-silico approach was carried out to evaluate the pharmacological effect of BM. Molecular Docking was carried out to screen the active phytochemicals of BM which can act as potential drug candidates against amyloid-β plaques. A total of 8 biologically active phytochemicals from BM were docked against p75NTR receptor. Based on molecular docking study it was observed that the phytocompounds Bacopasaponin D and Bacopasaponin G of BM significantly fits to the active site of p75NTR. Further Molecular Dynamics simulation study was performed to examine the stability of the binding of these phytochemicals with the selected targets. Our findings suggested that the phytocompounds Bacopasaponin D and Bacopasaponin G significantly binds with p75NTR and thus might have a potential to inhibit the natural binding activity of amyloid-b plaques and act as a potential anti-neurodegenerative drug.