Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Improved Energy Detection Based Spectrum Sensing

—-With tremendous growth of wireless communication technology, the spectrum utilization is one of the prime challenges. Cognitive radio has been emerged as a key technology which can resolve the issue by sensing, analyzing and allocating the spectrum. There are different spectrum sensing algorithms suggested in the literature. In this thesis, an overview of major sensing techniques is discussed. Although having practical limitations, Energy detection is a popular technique because of its simplicity, low computational complexity and mainly due to no necessity of prior information from primary user. This research is focused on an improved version of energy Detection Technique . The results prove that the improved energy detection based technique gives better performance under lower SNR values.
A SINS/CNS/GPS Online Calibration Method Based on Improved Sage-Husa Adaptive Filtering Algorithm

To solve the problem that the filtering accuracy of the online calibration decreases or even diverges due to time-varying noise and outlier value interference, a SINS/CNS/GPS high-precision integrated navigation online calibration method based on the improved Sage-Husa adaptive filtering algorithm is designed. In the proposed method, a 21-dimensional state space model and 9-dimensional measurement model are established. Furthermore, on the basis of the simplified Sage-Husa adaptive filtering algorithm, a smoothing estimator and an adaptive robust factor are introduced to suppress the influence on the filtering accuracy due to the abnormal disturbances in the measurement information, which improving the online calibration accuracy of integrated navigation. The simulation results show that the online calibration method based on the improved Sage-Husa adaptive filtering algorithm can better calibrate the error parameters, especially the calibration of the lever arm error for the east and up directions.
Numerical investigation on perforated sheet metals under tension loading

Abstract Perforated sheets are used in many areas due to their high specific load, economical production, aesthetic structure, and filtering ability. Their use in industrial machinery and the construction industry can be given as examples of these areas. In this study, the mechanical behaviour of perforated metal sheets under tensile loads has been investigated numerically. The influence of material type, hole geometry, and hole arrangement were examined with finite element analyses. Stainless steel and aluminium materials are used as sheet materials. The hole geometries are circle, ellipse, triangle, square, and hexagon. As a result of the simulations, the aluminium material gave the highest values in terms of carried load capacity and absorbed energy. The sheets with the staggered hole arrangement have higher load and energy values than the sheets with the linear arrangement. The elliptical perforated aluminium sheet provided the highest load value of 28,386 N in the staggered arrangement. In both hole arrangements, the elliptical perforated sheet gave the highest load value, while the triangle perforated sheet gave the lowest load value. The elliptical perforated sheet with linear hole arrangement provided the highest values in terms of specific load (435.57 N/g) and specific energy (0.27 J/g).
P RELUDE 3 1 Prelude : few charge systems in atomic physics

This document contains a review on the quark model, prepared for lectures at the Niccolò Cabeo School at Ferrara in May 2012. It includes some historical aspects, the spectral properties of the 2-body and 3-body Schrödinger operators applied to mesons and baryons, the link between meson and baryon spectra, the role of flavour independence, and the speculations about stable or metastable multiquarks. The analogies between few-charge systems and few-quark bound states will be underlined.
GENERATING AND MATCHING HASHES OF MULTIMEDIA CONTENT FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The disclosed method generates robust hashes for multime dia content, for example, audio clips. The audio clip is divided (12) into Successive (preferably overlapping) frames. For each frame, the frequency spectrum is divided (15) into bands. A robust property of each band (e.g. energy) is computed (16) and represented (17) by a respective hash bit. An audio clip is thus represented by a concatenation of binary hash words, one for each frame. To identify a possibly compressed audio signal, a block of hash words derived therefrom is matched by a computer (20) with a large database (21). Such matching Strategies are also dis closed. In an advantageous embodiment, the extraction process also provides information (19) as to which of the hash bits are the least reliable. Flipping these bits consid erably improves the Speed and performance of the matching proceSS.
Adoption and Intensity of Row-Seeding (Case of Wolaita Zone)

In the context of Ethiopia, agriculture and specifically crop production take lion’s contribution, supporting the sector through introducing new agricultural technologies, like row planting in the recent times, boosts production. However, despite of such services, utilization of improved technologies remained low in Ethiopia. This study looks into the determinants of adoption and intensity of adoption of row planting using a survey data of 300 farming households in Wolaita zone. The survey indicates that about 87 percent of farmers adopt row planting in 2014/15 production year with mean intensity of use 2.33 Timad (about 56% of their total farm land). A dependent double hurdle analysis reveals that household being headed by Illiterate head, family size, Farm size, Annual off-farm income, Distance to nearest market and Training on row planting significantly influenced adoption and level of adoption of row planting. Moreover, adoption of row planting is significantly affected by Farming experience, No of information sources and Distance to Development Agent whereas level of adoption of row planting by livestock and Number of oxen. The study then concludes that the farmers’ adoption and level of adoption of row planting could be improved by raising farm household’s education, their off farm income, their endowment and by making them optimally mobilize their labor for agricultural activities and receive extension service. As a result, the study recommends local governments to work towards intensifying informal education to farming households in the study area, raising effort of investment to improve market access and enhancing agricultural extension services to farmers.
WORKING PAPER SERIES A Welfare Analysis of Capital Liberalization

We develop a model of a small open economy with credit market frictions to analyze the consequences of capital account liberalization. We show that financial opening facilitates the inflows of cheap foreign funds and improves production efficiency. Reforms increasing labor market flexibility can further improve such efficiency gains. However, capital account liberalization also has important distributional consequences. Specifically, it may be impossible to use public transfers to fully compensate the loss of those negatively affected by capital account liberalization. This explains why financial opening often meets fierce opposition even though it leads to efficiency gains for the economy as a whole. From a practical perspective, capital controls should be lifted gradually for a smooth transition. JEL Classification: E32, E44, F41
The Effect of Excess Reserves on U.S Real Gross Domestic Product

The recent financial crisis has triggered questions regarding the role of the Federal Reserve Bank and the effectiveness of its intervention in the financial markets, post the crisis. This paper investigates the impact of huge spikes in excess reserves on the U.S. real gross domestic product. U.S. Federal Reserve in an effort to deal with the 2008 financial crisis instituted a series of programs aimed at taming the impact of the crisis. Through its emergency lending activities and Quantitative Easing (QE) programs, the Federal Reserve created a huge spike in excess reserves to levels not seen before. The empirical findings of this research show that a negative correlation exist between excess reserve and U.S. real gross domestic product. In fact the results show that a 5% increase in excess reserves results in a 0.1% reduction in real GDP activity. The analysis also indicates that an increase in excess reserves negatively impact full employment and asset prices. Additionally, Federal funds rate show a significantly positive association to real gross domestic product, possibly evidencing the Feds payment of interest on excess reserves.
SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS: A CASE STUDY OF LATVIA

The aim of the present research is to identify and investigate the constraints on and development possibilities for social entrepreneurship in Latvia. After analysing the scientific literature on social entrepreneurship, social and economic criteria for identifying a social enterprise and a definition for the term social entrepreneurship were elaborated. Based on a case study analysis, the following constraints on developing social entrepreneurship in Latvia were identified: no legal regulation on social entrepreneurship exists, the lack of support instruments particularly for establishing and developing a social enterprise, and dependence on donations and subsidies for self"su staining a social enterprise. A SWOT analysis for social entrepreneurship in Latvia was performed in the present research.
A Miniaturized Dual-Band Stacked Structure Antenna Design

This letter describes the construction of a dual circularly polarized satellite navigation microstrip antenna that operates in the B2b and L bands of BDS. The unit is a double-fed double-layer laminated structure, with miniaturization achieved through high dielectric constant and thick dielectric thickness; the isolation between the ports is improved by fitting a ring of metal holes surrounding the probes leading to the top patch; impedance matching is accomplished through the inclusion of a C-shaped slot loaded in the top patch. The simulation results show the isolation between the ports is ${S_{21}\,<\, - 26dB}$ (1.196~1.217GHz) and ${S_{21}\,<\, - 20.2dB}$ (1.611~1.627GHz); At 1.207 and 1.62GHz, RHCP gain of 5.12 dB and LHCP gain of 5.92 dB are also observed.
Estimating Context-Specific Subjective Content Descriptions using BERT

An agent in pursuit of a task may work with a corpus containing text documents associated with Subjective Content Descriptions (SCDs) [1]. SCDs provide additional location-specific data for documents and add value in the context of the agent's task. On the pursuit of new documents to add to the corpus, the agent may come across documents without associated SCDs or documents where content and SCDs are interleaved. Therefore, this paper presents approaches estimating SCDs using the well-known BERT [2] language model. Furthermore, the paper presents approaches separating SCDs and actual content interleaved in a document. An evaluation compares the performance of BERT with approaches from Kuhr et al. [1] and Bender et al. [3], which use an SCD-word distribution represented by an SCD matrix $\delta(\mathcal{D})$. The evaluation uses text documents annotated with additional textual definitions.
The Automatic Real‐Time Gamma‐Ray Burst Pipeline of the 2 m Liverpool Telescope

The 2 m Liverpool Telescope (LT), owned by Liverpool John Moores University, is located in La Palma (Canary Islands) and operates in fully robotic mode. In 2005, the LT began conducting an automatic gamma‐ray burst (GRB) follow‐up program. On receiving an automatic GRB alert from a gamma‐ray observatory (Swift, INTEGRAL, HETE‐2, or IPN), the LT initiates a special override mode that conducts follow‐up observations within 2–3 minutes of the GRB onset. This follow‐up procedure begins with an initial sequence of short (10 s) exposures acquired through an r′ band filter. These images are reduced, analyzed, and interpreted automatically using pipeline software developed by our team, called LT‐TRAP (Liverpool Telescope Transient Rapid Analysis Pipeline); the automatic detection and successful identification of an unknown and potentially fading optical transient triggers a subsequent multicolor imaging sequence. In the case of a candidate brighter than r′ = 15, either a polarimetric (from 2006) or a spectroscopic observation (from 2007) will be triggered on the LT. If no candidate is identified, the telescope continues to obtain z′, r′, and i′ band imaging with increasingly longer exposure times. Here we present a detailed description of the LT‐TRAP and briefly discuss the illustrative case of the afterglow of GRB 050502a, whose automatic identification by the LT just 3 minutes after the GRB led to the acquisition of the first early‐time (<1 hr) multicolor light curve of a GRB afterglow.
Survey on indoor fingerprint localization for BLE

The advent of Bluetooth Low Power (BLE) provides new opportunities for indoor positioning. BLE fingerprint positioning technology supports the use of battery-powered portable beacons, which can be widely used at low cost and is significantly superior to traditional WiFi transmission methods. At the same time, the transmission mode has been successfully applied to indoor positioning and navigation, nursing personnel tracking, accurate positioning in dangerous environment, fire rescue and other scenarios. This article reviews existing wireless indoor location solutions and classifies the different technologies and systems. Secondly, the ranging and non-ranging indoor positioning technology in BLE environment, as well as some evaluation indexes and influence factors of fingerprint positioning technology are introduced. Then, the current fingerprint localization applications and solutions are summarized and analyzed. The principle and process of fingerprint localization are emphatically expounded. Finally, this paper not only introduces BLE fingerprint positioning technology, but also puts forward the research problems and directions of indoor positioning.
EFFECT OF RESOURCE CONSERVING TECHNOLOGIES ON SOIL QUALITY INDICES UNDER RICE-WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM

The study was undertaken to determine the effect of Resource conserving technologies (RCTs) viz., zero tillage (ZT) and bed planting (BP) over conventional tillage (CT) on different soil quality indicators under the rice-wheat cropping system. Out of 16 soil properties measured, 13 were statistically different (P<0.05) under different RCTs. Nutrient availability and microbial indicators were found to be significantly improved under zero tillage and bed planting than the conventional tillage. PLFAs, the environmental stress biomarkers were present in lower amounts under ZT and BP than in CT. Evaluation of soil quality indices (SQI) using minimum data set selection and principal component analysis revealed a higher value of SQI for ZT and BP than CT.
Statistical methods to compare different definitions of disease with an application to severe sepsis

Diagnostic categories are used to assemble, organize, and communicate knowledge from practitioners and clinical research. Unfortunately, the boundaries between these categories are seldomly clear-cut, and therefore multiple, competing definitions of a given disease often co-exist. It is important to assess whether such competing definitions relate to illnesses that differ in severity: in that case, the definitions cannot be used interchangeably. Differences in severity of illness are usually determined by statistical comparison of clinical outcomes in different patient groups. In this case, such an approach is hampered by the fact that many patients may comply to multiple definitions. This paper presents a statistical approach to comparing multiple definitions of the same disease with respect to binary clinical outcomes. Three methods of comparison are described and evaluated theoretically and empirically. The approach was applied to different definitions of the disease of severe sepsis.
The Evolution of State-owned Enterprises in South China: The Choice of Property Right System Perspective

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore the evolutionary pattern of state-owned enterprises in China. The researchers focused on the three state-owned enterprises of the same industry in south China that experienced diverse property right reform roads in the late 1990s and showed differing outcomes. Combined with the method of business anthropology, this paper asserts that different models of property right can affect different human behavior paths, which would produce the final destiny of the enterprise. The researchers conclude that the property right reform of Chinese state-owned enterprises in the future should be a mixed model that can achieve the governance balance
Investigating Ideal L2 Selves of University Non-English Majors in an EFL Context

Abstract: This study examines ideal second language (L2) selves (Dörnyei, 2009) as reported by university non-English majors in rural Japan. Ideal self is one’s idealized mental self-representations that one hopes to attain in the future. Ideal L2 self is the L2-related component of one’s ideal self, such as becoming a proficient speaker of English in the future, and is one of the tripartite constructs in the L2 motivational self system. While there has been a surge of studies within the framework of the L2 motivational self system in Japan, little has been discussed as to the lack of ideal L2 self and the socio-contextual factors that might play an important role in whether or not students form ideal L2 selves. In order to explore university non-English majors’ ideal L2 selves, a questionnaire was administered to 114 university students in a rural area. In order to deal with the possible lack of ideal L2 self, the questionnaire included both positively and negatively worded Likert scale items as well as an open-ended item. The results indicated that while the majority of participants reported on the lack of ideal L2 self, some described unique ideal L2 selves, such as becoming an anchor and interviewing foreigners in English. Furthermore, a two-dimensional structure within the construct of ideal L2 self was suggested by factor analysis. Theoretical as well as pedagogical implications for future research are discussed. Investigating Ideal L2 Selves of University Non-English Majors in an EFL Context
Multi-fiber neural network brain tumor segmentation under multi-GPU conditions

The brain tumor is a disease that seriously affects people's life safety, so early detection and treatment are of great significance to prolong the life of patients. Compared with the traditional 2D convolutional neural network, the 3D convolutional neural network has a better advantage in segmenting the tumor sub-regions of the multi-modal brain tumor MRI. More context information can be extracted in the whole process, which is helpful for more precisely segmenting the various parts of the brain tumor. The method in this article uses group convolution to replace conventional convolution to significantly reduce the memory usage, further reduce the sampling volume of 3D images, increase the batch value, and enhance the information exchange of each component through the multi-fiber unit. In order to make full use of the advantages of existing computer equipment, the experiment uses the cross-GPU synchronization normalization method, which alleviates the poor segmentation effect caused by the 3D convolutional neural network because the batch value is too small and the gradient direction cannot be determined. Finally, we replaced the original activation function to further improve the segmentation effect. The experiment in this article uses the brain tumor public dataset Brats2018 for testing. The average Dice value of the improved model in this article is 89.79%, 85.59%, and 79.83% in the whole brain tumor area, the tumor core area, and the brain tumor enhancement area respectively. The training time of the entire network is 321.89 minutes, compared with other similar segmentation models, the experiment has achieved good results.
Acquisition and Setup Acquisition setup LCD Monitor Transparent Object Camera LCD Monitor Transparent Object

We propose a novel, practical solution for high quality reconstruction of axially-symmetric transparent objects. While a special case, such transparent objects are ubiquitous in the real world. Common examples of these are glasses, tumblers, goblets, carafes, etc., that can have very unique and visually appealing forms making their reconstruction interesting for vision and graphics applications. Our acquisition setup involves imaging such objects from a single viewpoint while illuminating them from directly behind with a few patterns emitted from an LCD panel. Our reconstruction step is then based on optimization of the object’s geometry and its refractive index to minimize the difference between observed and simulated transmission/refraction of rays passing through the object. We exploit the object’s axial symmetry as a strong shape prior which allows us to achieve robust reconstruction from a single viewpoint using a simple, commodity acquisition setup. We demonstrate high quality reconstruction of several common rotationally symmetric as well as more complex n-fold symmetric transparent objects with our approach.
The Influence of Corporate, User, and Product Images on Purchase Decision of Nitrogen at PERTAMINA Gas Stations

The objective of this paper was to examine the impact of brand image on purchase decision of nitrogen at PERTAMINA Gas Stations. It used associative research and data was collected through a field survey from three Green Nitrogen outlets at different PERTAMINA Gas Stations. A set of questionnaires was distributed to 114 customers of green nitrogen outlets in Jakarta. Multiple regression analysis assessed the impact on purchase decision of three key constructs of brand image, including corporate image, user image, and product image. The results showed three components, namely corporate image, user image, and product image simultaneously had a significant influence on the purchase decision. However, corporate image and product image were variables that had a significant influence. Product image was a variable that had the most significant influence, while user image had no significant influence on purchase decision.
Active Assembly for Large-Scale Manufacturing of Integrated Nanostructures

Microtubules and motor proteins are protein-based biological agents that work cooperatively to facilitate the organization and transport of nanomaterials within living organisms. This report describes the application of these biological agents as tools in a novel, interdisciplinary scheme for assembling integrated nanostructures. Specifically, selective chemistries were used to direct the favorable adsorption of active motor proteins onto lithographically-defined gold electrodes. Taking advantage of the specific affinity these motor proteins have for microtubules, the motor proteins were used to capture polymerized microtubules out of suspension to form dense patterns of microtubules and microtubule bridges between gold electrodes. These microtubules were then used as biofunctionalized templates to direct the organization of functionalized nanocargo including single-walled carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles. This biologically-mediated scheme for nanomaterials assembly has shown excellent promise as a foundation for developing new biohybrid approaches to nanoscale manufacturing.