Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potential Early Adopters of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles in Spain—Towards a Customer Profile

The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) by consumers is regarded as a key strategic goal for the reduction in transport-related air pollution levels. Although sales of EVs continue to rise year on year, generally, the attainment of the strategic goals set by various governments for the adoption of EVs remains a distant target. The purpose of this study is to identify the customer profile of early adopters of EVs in Spain: one of Europe’s largest economies, yet the country with the lowest uptake of EVs at present. The analysis presented here is based on an online survey of 404 potential consumers of EVs in Spain. A cluster analysis of the data was performed based on a set of three socio-demographic characteristics (gender, age, and income), one psychographic (green moral obligation—GMO) and two EV attributes (price and driving range). The results of this analysis showed that there exist two segments with respect to higher or lower customer intentions related to the adoption of EVs. These findings represent a theoretical contribution to current understanding of the customer profile of adopters of EVs and will contribute to the development of communication and retail strategies aimed at customers fitting the profile of early adopters of new technologies.
Insect diversity over 36 years at a protected Sierra Nevada (California) site: towards an evaluation of the insect apocalypse hypothesis

Recent authors have suggested that declines of insect abundance or diversity, documented first for particular insect taxa of high interest (e.g., butterflies, bees), may apply to insect diversity more generally. This has led to an urgent call for analysis of additional longitudinal datasets to examine trends in general insect diversity. Here we present a dataset gathered from 1982 to 2018 by advanced undergraduate students and graduate students enrolled in a taxonomy course that involved collecting as many insect families as possible over a 5‐week period at a high‐elevation protected forested site in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA. The data do not support any consistent gain or loss of family‐level richness between 1982 and 2018 (no linear trend); a non‐linear model suggested a possible small decrease in family‐level richness collected between 1986 and 1990, followed by a gradual increase from 1990 to 2018. Neither weather variables nor collector experience or skill appeared to explain among‐year variation in collected insect diversity. We urge caution in attempting to draw conclusions from single‐site, longitudinal datasets like this one; a definitive answer to the hypothesis of a broad, global decline of insect diversity will require the joint analysis of many datasets like the one we share here.
Cryptic radiation in erpobdellid leeches in xeric landscapes: A molecular analysis of population differentiation

Despite apparent long-term geographic isolation, many invertebrates demonstrate little apparent morphological differentiation. To examine underlying genetic differentiation, eight erpobdellid leech populations from widely dispersed northern Arizona aquatic ecosystems were examined by means of amplified fragment length polymorphism genetic markers. These populations were primarily Erpobdella punctata, though two populations, Motobdella montezuma and Motobdella sedonensis, have been described as novel taxa. Data from 137 polymorphic loci were used to estimate genetic heterogeneity (θ), migration rates (Nm), and genetic similarities (Dice's method) among these populations. Analysis of molecular variance and cluster analysis (unweighted pair-group method) were used to show population structure and to partition the genetic variance. Our analysis indicates that northern Arizona leech populations are genetically isolated (θ = 0.72, Nm = 0.09), with significant (p < 0.01) differentiation among populations. In add.
Interstice: Inverter-Based Memristive Neural Networks Discretization for Function Approximation Applications

In this article, the accuracy of inverter-based memristive neural networks (NNs) for function approximation applications is improved under the presence of process variations. The improvement is achieved by using a design approach, called INTERSTICE (Inverter-based Memristive Neural Networks Dis cretization for Function Approximation Applications), which discretizes the output values by employing a classifier. More precisely, in the INTERSTICE approach, the output range is divided into <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula> subranges where each subrange is considered as a class. To train the classifier, the training samples are labeled where each label shows belonging to a specific class. To evaluate the efficacy of the design technique, some function approximation applications such as BlackScholes, FFT, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-means, and Sobel are considered. Compared to PHAX, a recently published inverter-based memristive NN, INTERSTICE provides lower mean squared error (MSE) values in the presence of memristor and transistor variations. More specifically, the improvements in the mean of MSE (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu _{\mathrm {MSE}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) are in the range of 40%–80% when considering 10% variations in the memristor resistance and transistor parameters. In addition, for most of the benchmarks, INTERSTICE improves the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu _{\mathrm {MSE}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> values of the nominal case (the case where all circuit elements are ideal) compared to PHAX. As another advantage compared to the PHAX, in INTERSTICE, digital outputs can be generated based on the selected classes which eliminates the need for an analog-to-digital converter at the output port connected to the digital part of the system. Finally, achieving lower <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu _{\mathrm {MSE}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> values using fewer memristors and consuming lower energy is also attainable with this design approach.
Transport of β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin in enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells

The transport of [14C]-radiolabelled beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactalbumin through Caco-2 cell monolayers grown on permeable filters was studied in order to evaluate the different protein pathways through the intestinal epithelium. beta-Lactoglobulin or alpha-lactalbumin (0.25-3 mg/ml) was introduced on the apical side of the monolayer and both the transport and the release of labelled material from the cells were measured following different incubation times. The labelled material was analysed by either trichloroacetic acid precipitation or by high pressure liquid chromatography. Despite some differences between the 2 proteins, the overall mechanism followed approximately the same pattern. Part of the intact internalized protein was either recycled (10-15%) or transported via transcytosis (about 5%). Another pathway corresponded to the intracellular degradation of the protein. The calculation of the different routes followed by the proteins indicated that the main part of the degraded fraction (about 70%) was recycled whereas approximately 30% was transported to the other side. Moreover, 5-10% of the endocytosed material was retained intracellularly.
Use of High Levels of Dietary Aluminum and Zinc for Inducing Pauses in Egg Production of Japanese Quail

Abstract The effect of using a high level of dietary aluminum (.3% Al, as aluminum sulfate) was compared with that of using dietary zinc (1.5% Zn as zinc oxide) for force molting Japanese quail hens. A basal diet (2.5% Ca and .35% available P) was fed alone or supplemented with Zn or Al for 7 days in Trial 1 and for 4 days in Trial 2. Light was maintained at 16 h light (L):8 h dark (D) in Trial 1 and reduced to 8L:16D during Days 1 to 14 in Trial 2. In Trial 1, feed intake averaged 23, 11, and 7 g/hen/day during Days 1 through 7 for the control, Al, and Zn treatments, respectively. Both the Al and Zn treatments significantly (P In Trial 3, diets containing graded levels (0, .05, .10, or .15%) of Al were fed to Japanese quail hens for 28 days. Both . 10% and . 15% Al significantly (P Results demonstrated that high levels of dietary Al can negatively affect egg production of Japanese quail. If dietary Al is present in high enough amounts, it can induce pauses in egg production, possibly through its effect on feed intake, P metabolism, or both.
Adaptations for fungal grazing in Lauxaniid flies

Summary An examination of the mouth parts and gut contents of 40 species of adult lauxaniid flies from Panama and from England indicates that the majority of forest-dwelling species feed upon fungal hyphae and spores. The ventral face of the labellum is equipped with various devices for cutting and raking in lengths of fungal hyphae. These are of two types: sclerotized ‘prongs’ and shallow ‘scoops’ with serrated edges. Not only are the pseudotracheae wide but they are few in number and their apertures are large enough to permit the entry of sizeable pieces of fungal hyphae. These have been demonstrated lying within the pseudotracheal canals. These adaptations enable the flies to feed upon solid particles while the labellum is spread out flat. This differs from the generally accepted view of the feeding habits of cyclorrhaphous flies. A structure termed the ‘beak’ seen in most of these fungivorous species, which is the prolongation of the anterior tip of the labial gutter, and which is exposed along with m.
Scalable approach to high coverages on oxides via iterative training of a machine‐learning algorithm

Understanding the interaction of multiple types of adsorbate molecules on solid surfaces is crucial to establishing the stability of catalysts under various chemical environments. Computational studies on the high coverage and mixed coverages of reaction intermediates are still challenging, especially for transition‐metal compounds. In this work, we present a framework to predict differential adsorption energies and identify low‐energy structures under high‐ and mixed‐adsorbate coverages on oxide materials. The approach uses Gaussian process machine‐learning models with quantified uncertainty in conjunction with an iterative training algorithm to actively identify the training set. The framework is demonstrated for the mixed adsorption of CHx, NHx and OHx species on the oxygen vacancy and pristine rutile TiO2(110) surface sites. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm is highly efficient at identifying the most valuable training data, and is able to predict differential adsorption energies with a mean absolute error of ∼0.3 eV based on <25 % of the total DFT data. The algorithm is also used to identify 76 % of the low‐energy structures based on <30 % of the total DFT data, enabling construction of surface phase diagrams that account for high and mixed coverage as a function of the chemical potential of C, H, O, and N. Furthermore, the computational scaling indicates the algorithm scales nearly linearly (N1.12) as the number of adsorbates increases. This framework can be directly extended to metals, metal oxides, and other materials, providing a practical route toward the investigation of the behavior of catalysts under high‐coverage conditions.
FATTY ACIDS, STEROLS, α‐TOCOPHEROL AND TOTAL CAROTENOIDS COMPOSITION OF DIACRONEMA VLKIANUM

Microalgae are a large group of photosynthetic microorganisms with a great potential as a source of energy and with the ability to convert solar energy into biomass. Several conditions as well as different growing stages were found to play an important role in the biosynthesis of different molecules. These microorganisms are easily cultivated, and even under the most difficult conditions, are able to develop. In the present study the production of different biomolecules, namely sterols, fatty acids, tocopherols and total carotenoids during the life cycle with 24 h of photoperiod and 18C was followed. The major amounts of sterols, fatty acids and total carotenoids were detected in stationary phase. Higher amounts of α- tocopherol were present in the decay phase. Tocopherol and total carotenoids levels were higher compared to conventional foods known as rich sources of these components. A significant difference was observed between replicates of D. vlkianum for α-tocopherol and some sterols.
On the Structure and Development of the Skull and Laryngeal Cartilages of Perameles, with Notes on the Cranial Nerves

The research described in this paper was begun by Mr. P. W. Palmer in 1912, at the suggestion of Prof. G. Elliot Smith. During the following year he published a short paper “On the Lower Jaw and Ear Ossicles of a Fœtal Perameles,” the specimen to which he referred being the 23·0 mm. greatest length fœtus mentioned below. Palmer also modelled the skulls of the 15·5 mm. and 16·0 mm. stages and the internal labyrinth of the 23·0 mm. fœtus, making notes on the work as far as he had taken it. On Mr. Palmer’s appointment to the Indian Geological Survey the work was handed over to me for completion. I am glad to have this opportunity of thanking Mr. Palmer for giving me the use of his models and notes; some of the latter are embodied in the present paper.
Online appendix for ‘Bond Risk Premia in Consumption-based Models’∗

The appendix contains the following supplementary material to Creal and Wu (2020): Appendix A discusses the stochastic discount factor, Appendix B lays out the dynamics of the state vector, Appendix C discusses the solution for models with recursive preferences, and Appendix D computes bond prices analytically. Appendix E cointains proofs of the propositions in the paper, while Appendix F provides numerical illustrations for the feasible parameter regions. Appendix G provides more details in terms of estimating the time series component of the model, and Appendix H provides details for Sharpe ratios.
Geographic Variation in the Gillrakers and Diet of European Threespine Sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus

Variation in the gillrakers and diet of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) was evident throughout their European distribution. The gillrakers of completely-plated sticklebacks were more numerous, longer, and more closely spaced than those of low-plated sticklebacks. Among populations of either form, sticklebacks from lentic (marine, lake and pond) habitats had more gillrakers than did those from lotic (river and stream) habitats. Genetic control of gillraker number was demonstrated for one lake-dwelling and one stream-dwelling population. Lake-dwelling sticklebacks were found to consume more zooplankton than did stream-dwelling individuals although benthic invertebrates were important prey in both habitats. Variation in gillrakers could be attributed only in part to selection pressures arising from the greater abundance of zooplankton prey in lake than stream habitats. Evidence of stabilizing selection led us to conclude that conflicting selection pressures determined the habitat-characteristic patterns of geographic variation. THREESPINE sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) are small teleosts well known for their morphological variability. They are widely distributed in the middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere where environmental instability is thought to favor the capacity for adaptive variation (Nikolsky and Vasilyev, 1973). Recent studies along the Pacific Coast of North America and in Europe have shown that variation of some morphological characters has a genetic basis, and that local selection pressures may often explain both habitat-specific and regional trends of variation (e.g., Bell and Haglund, 1978; Gross, 1977, 1978; McPhail, 1977;
The Heat Flux Vector(s) in a Two Component Fluid Mixture

Bulk kinematic properties of mixtures such as velocity are known to be the density weighed averages of the constituent velocities. No such paradigm exists for the heat flux of mixtures when the constituents have different temperatures. Using standard principles such as frame indifference, we address this topic by developing linear constitutive equations for the constituent heat fluxes, the interaction force between constituents, and the stresses for a mixture of two fluids. Although these equations contain 18 phenomenological coefficients, we are able to use the Clausius-Duhem inequality to obtain inequalities involving the principal and cross flux coefficients. The theory is applied to some special cases and shown to reduce to standard results when the constituents have the same temperature.
Investigation of the Effectiveness of the Social Interaction Program Applied to the Students in an Elementary School

This study examines the effectiveness of the Gazi Inclusive Environment Social Integration Program (GIESIP), which we applied to 4th-grade elementary school students. We completed the study in a public elementary school located in Ankara in the 2016–2017 academic year. The study group consisted of 30 female and 28 male students. We chose the school via a random sampling method among public elementary schools. This school is in a middle socioeconomic status region in the Mamak district of Ankara, Turkey. In the study, we used a quasi-experimental design, including an experimental control group, pretest, posttest, and follow-up test. We applied a personal information form, Social Acceptance Scale (SAS), and Perceived Social Support Scale-Revision (PSSS-R). Research findings reveal that the students who have typical development levels in the experimental group have highly increased levels of social acceptance and perceived social support. Based on the results of the study, we can recommend that teachers who have inclusive students in their classes improve and support the development of the students’ social acceptance.
Using Tablets to Collect Breast Cancer Risk Information in an Underserved Population

The authors tested the use of tablets to collect breast cancer risk data and compared the approach against paper-based scantrons. The goal was to examine the usability of digital technology for data collection in underserved populations. A total of 340 individuals were randomized to answer a breast health survey via either tablets (170) or paper forms (170). Post questionnaire surveys were conducted to evaluate the usability of tablets. Outcomes included completion time, satisfaction, and the numbers and types of questions raised by patients during the survey. There was no significant difference in questionnaire completion time between two groups (12.5 vs. 12.1 minutes, p = 0.07). The tablet group was more satisfied with the experience (p < 0.001). Low health literacy women spent more time on the questionnaire (p < 0.05). Electronic devices can be utilized to collect breast cancer risk data in underserved, ethnically diverse populations. Future healthcare questionnaire applications should focus on accessibility improvements for these populations.
Ventral striatal connections of unimodal and multimodal cortex of the superior temporal sulcus in macaque monkeys(macacca nemestrina)

Extrinsic connections between the cortex of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) and the ventral striatum in pigtail macaque monkeys (Macacca nemestrina) were studied by injection of retrograde tracers into the ventromedial caudate nucleus, the ventral and central shells of the nucleus accumbens (NA), the dorsal core of the NA, and the ventrolateral putamen. In the present study, we demonstrate that the projections from the unimodal (area TAa, IPa, TEa, and TEm) and the multimodal (area TPO and PGa) sensory association areas in the STS mainly terminate in the ventromedial caudate nucleus as well as in the ventral and central shells of the NA. However, there are only few projections to the dorsal core of the NA and the ventrolateral putamen from the sensory association cortex in the STS. Based on these differential neural connections between the subterritories of the ventral striatum and the sensory association areas, the ventromedial caudate nucleus and the shells of NA appear to be major integration sites for sensory input from the STS and functionally different from the dorsal core of NA and the ventrolateral putamen.
Isolation, Identification and Efficacy of Inorganic Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria from Oxbow Lakes of West Bengal, India

Microbial mobilization of sediment calcium-bound P constitutes an important process of P cycling in aquatic environments. The present study was conducted to identify the bacterial community responsible for inorganic phosphate solubilization in tropical oxbow lakes. Fifty eight phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were isolated from bottom soil, water, and fish gut and examined for solubilization of tricalcium phosphate. Results revealed aquatic PSB to be low-to-moderately capable in P solubilization (mean: 33.5 mg P L−1; range: 6.3–68.8 mg P L−1), and bacteria from wetland sediment and water were more effective than those from fish gut. The PSB were identified to belong to diverse genera, viz. Bacillus, Brevibacillus, Enterobacter, Agrobacterium, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Microbacterium, Curtobacterium, Stenotrophomonas and Novosphingobium. The findings help in understanding the microbial role in inorganic P solubilization and identifying important P solubilizers in freshwater environments.
THE METABOLISM AND INSULATION OF SEALS AS BARE-SKINNED MAMMALS IN COLD WATER

The metabolic rate of five harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) and two harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) was measured over a temperature range of 25° to −10 °C. in air and 20° to 0 °C. in water. Surface temperatures and tissue temperature gradients were also determined. In four normal harbor seals the critical temperature in water was 10 °C. , and in air it was below −10 °C. (estimated as −30 °C). One "runt" seal had a much higher critical temperature and abnormally high metabolic rate. No critical temperature was found in harp seals in water above 0 °C. Tissue surface temperatures and tissue gradients reflected the metabolic response to cold, with cool surfaces and deep gradients (well insulated harp and harbor seals) corresponding to low metabolism in cold water and with warmer surfaces and shallow gradients (poorly insulated harbor seal) corresponding to high metabolism in cold water. Metabolic economy of the seals in ice water was preserved by exceptional cooling of all body surfaces (to about 1 °C), which coo.
Bacterial Communities in Soil Under Moss and Lichen-Moss Crusts

Biological soil crusts are symbiotic microbial communities formed by green algae, mosses, fungi, lichens, cyanobacteria and bacteria in different proportions. Crusts contribute to soil fertility and favour water retention and infiltration. However, little is known about the bacterial community structure in soil under the crusts. Soil was sampled under a moss crust (considered the MOSS group), lichen plus moss (considered the LICHEN group) and bare soil (considered the BARE group) and the microbial communities determined using nearly full 16S rRNA gene libraries. Bacteria belonging to seven different phyla were found and the Acidobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria were the dominant in each group. The crusts affected negatively the abundance of the Burkholderiales. The phylogenetic diversity and bacterial community membership were different in the LICHEN group compared to the BARE and MOSS groups, but not species richness and community structure. The beta diversity analysis also revealed a different bacterial community structure beneath the LICHEN and MOSS crusts, suggesting species-specific influence. This is a first insight into the effect of a biological soil crust on the bacterial community structure in an organic matter rich soil of a high altitude mountain forest.