Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Signatures of very massive stars: supercollapsars and their cosmological rate

We compute the rate of supercollapsars by using cosmological, N-body, hydro, chemistry simulations of structure formation, following detailed stellar evolution according to proper yields (for He, C, N, O, Si, S, Fe, Mg, Ca, Ne, etc.) and lifetimes for stars having different masses and metallicities, and for different stellar populations (population III and population II-I). We find that supercollapsars are usually associated to dense, collapsing gas with little metal pollution and with abundances dominated by oxygen. The resulting supercollapsar rate is about $10^{-2}\,\rm yr^{-1} sr^{-1}$ at redshift $z=0$, and their contribution to the total rate is $ < 0.1 $ per cent, which explains why they have never been detected so far. Expected rates at redshift $z\simeq 6$ are of the order of $\sim 10^{-3}\,\rm yr^{-1} sr^{-1}$ and decrease further at higher $z$. Because of the strong metal enrichment by massive, short-lived stars, only $\sim 1$ supercollapsar generation is possible in the same star forming region. Given their sensitivity to the high-mass end of the primordial stellar mass function, they are suitable candidates to probe pristine population III star formation and stellar evolution at low metallicities.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Two Different Types of Splint Used in Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

Objectives: One of the most common treatment modalities for patients with a diagnosis of reduced disc displacement is occlusal splinting. Stabilization splints (SS) and anterior repositioning splints (ARS) are frequently used in such cases. Materials and Methods: The effects of these two splint types on patient satisfaction were evaluated in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD). 25 healthy people with no pathology of the temporomandibular joint were included as a control group. ARS’s were used in 18 patients; all patients used the splints for 2 months. The splint was then converted into a stabilization splint for use for 1 further month. In the other 32 patients, a SS was used for 1 month. All the patients filled out the same temporomandibular questionnaire (TQ) again after the ARS was converted into a SS and had been used for 1 month. Results: The use of both types of splint significantly affected scores on the TQ (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference in questionnaire results among the control group, SS group, and ARS group before treatment (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in questionnaire results among the three groups after treatment (p > 0.05). Conclusion: These results indicate that the use of both ARS and SS significantly increased satisfaction among patients with TMD.
Possible origin of shoulder in the reactor antineutrino spectrum

The re-analysis of measured $^{238}U$ integrated electron spectrum reveals a shape mismatch with respect to the so called ab initio calculation and the ratio resembles well with the recently observed reactor antineutrino shoulder or bump around 5 MeV prompt energy when plotted in a reduced scale where the first two moments (area and average) of the spectrum are made identical (KNO type scaling). However, such bumps are not seen in case of other actinides like $^{235}U$ and $^{239,241}Pu$ isotopes. Since the magnitude of the bump in $^{238}U$ is comparable with the experimental observations, $^{238}U$ can not be the only source of anomaly unless similar contributions come from other uranium and plutonium isotopes as well. Therefore, it is strongly conjectured that the integrated electron spectra of uranium and plutonium isotopes particularly in the $6$ MeV to $8$ MeV energy range may have additional contributions coming from the harder part of the reactor neutron spectrum which may not be present in the thermal measurements.
Global Journal of Computer Sciences

Massive amount of data-related applications and widespread usage of web technologies has started big data era. Social media data is one of the big data sources. Mining social media data provides useful insights for companies and organizations for developing their services, products or organizations. This study aims to analyze Turkish Twitter users based on daily and hourly social media sharings. By this way, daily and hourly mood patterns of Turkish social media users could be revealed in positive or negative manner. For this purpose, Support Vector Machines (SVM) classification algorithm and Term Frequency – Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) feature selection technique was used. As far as our knowledge, this is the first attempt to analyze people’s all sharings on social media and generate results for temporal-based indicators like macro and micro levels.
Multigrain (Glycine max, Sorghum bicolor, Avena sativa L)taco formulation, nutritional & phytochemical investigation

Tacos can be described simply as a tortilla wrapped around a filling. The contents of taco can be different according to the geographical region where you are eating them. The taco can be eaten as an entree or snack. A taco is traditionally a Mexican dish and is considered staple there. Americans use flour based tacos, but Mexicans eat corn based tacos. Mexican tacos are not spicy but can be made spicy as needed. Tacos are originally meaty but vegetarian version is also available. The tacos under study have been made using a combination of flours for the purpose of making them a nutritionally dense meal using defatted soy flour (Glycine max), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), oats (Avena sativa L) along with corn (Zea mays) flour. They were investigated for their enhanced nutrition content. It was found the tacos contained excellent amount of phosphorous and calcium, which are good for health and a small amount of zinc. Further, they were also investigated for their phytochemical content which were present in fair amounts. The GC-MS results further signified that they are a good source of oleic acid, which has a good antioxidant property. Furthermore, vitamin E was also detected. Trans fatty acids were not found in multigrain tacos. Thus, the overall study reveals that multigrain tacos can be an interesting snack from a nutrition point of view.
forthcoming in JGR-Atmospheres Assimilation of land-surface temperature into the land surface model JULES with an Ensemble Kalman Filter

Land-surface models have uncertainties due to their approximation of physical processes, and the heterogeneity of the land surface. These can be compounded when key variables are inadequately represented. Land surface temperature (LST) is critical as it forms an integral component in the surface energy budget, water stress evaluation, fuel moisture derivation and soil moisture-climate feedbacks. A reduction in the uncertainty of surface energy fluxes, and moisture quantification, is assumed to be achievable by constraining simulations of LST with observation data. This technique is known as data assimilation, and involves the adjustment of the model state at observation times with measurements of a predictable uncertainty. In this paper, the validity of LST simulations in a regionalized parameterization of the land-surface model JULES (Joint UK Land Environment Simulator) for Africa is assessed by way of a multi-temporal intercomparison study with the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), the advanced along-track scanning radiometer (AATSR), and the spinning enhanced visible and infrared imager (SEVIRI) thermal products; with a twothirds reduction in model bias found when soil properties are re-parameterized. A data assimilation experiment of SEVIRI LST into the JULES model via an Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) shows an improvement in the modeled LST, soil moisture and latent and sensible heat fluxes. This paper presents the first investigation into reducing the uncertainty in modeling energy and water fluxes with the UK‟s most important land-surface model JULES by means of data assimilation of LST.
The Behavior of Lewis Number in Finned Tube Cooling Coils under Highly Moist Inlet Air Conditions

The objective of this research was to study the effects of highly moist inlet air conditions such as temperature, relative humidity, and frontal air velocity on the value of the Lewis number (Le) in the cooling and dehumidifying process of air. A finned tube cooling coil was tested under ranges of temperature, relative humidity and frontal velocity. It was found that the Lewis number (Le) varied within the range of 0.921.62 and that the increase in inlet air relative humidity tends to decrease the Lewis number (Le). Based on the experimental, a correlation for predicting the Lewis number (Le) was also established in this article. The correlation has the mean absolute error (MAE) of 3.04% and covers 98.07% of the data where a discrepancy within ± 10%.
The Rise of Apparatgeist and Its Implication for Media Convergence

This paper discusses the interaction between technology and society by referring to the concept "apparatgeist" (literally means "spirit of machines") raised by Katz and Aakhus (1). Based on a critical review of relevant social theories, this paper aims to explore the socio-logic in the technological development as well as the changing context for "perpetual contact". It also shows its impact on the media convergence by assessing how mass media can be shaped.
SDN in Heterogeneous Mobile Tactical Networks

Military operations are increasingly dependent on networks and transferring of data. A heterogeneous mobile tactical network, is a complex network with dynamic characteristics used during military operations. In the field, resources are scarce, and the network can quickly get congested. To optimize the network to efficiently route traffic and handle prioritized data, a method offering fine grained control of the network would be beneficial. Software Defined Networking (SDN) has proven to facilitate granular control for several types of networks. This thesis looks at how Software Defined Networking (SDN) can be incorporated and used in a heterogeneous mobile tactical network. It states that the first step towards an SDN network is to build topology for the network. Three conceptual models are discussed, and an approach where topology is collected from a local legacy router is implemented.
© Journal of Phytology, 2009 Available Online: www.phytol.org

Ocimum basilicum leaf extracts of were investigated for phytochemical constituent and antioxidant activity. Tests for tannins, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides were positive in both ethanolic and aqueous extracts. The ethanolic extract of O. basilicum had a DPPH scavenging activity of 85.2% at 250μg/ml and a reductive potential of 0.79 at 100 μg/ml. These values were comparable with those of gallic acid, 91.1% at 250 μg/ml and ascorbic acid, 0.76 at 60 μg/ml as standards for DPPH scavenging activity and reductive potential, respectively. These findings suggest that the rich phytochemical content of O. basilicum and its good antioxidant activity may be responsible for its popular and wide traditional use.
An investigation into the Anti-inflammatory Activity of n-hexane Extract of the Leaves of Baphia pubescens Hook . F ( Family Leguminosae )

An investigation into the Anti-inflammatory Activity of n-hexane Extract of the Leaves of Baphia pubescens Hook. F (Family Leguminosae) Anowi Chinedu Fredrick*, Uzodinma S, Utoh-Nedosa UA, Onyegbule Felix A 1 Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Pharm Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharm Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharm Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharm Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Watershed Governance for Rural Communities: Aligning Network Structure with Stakeholder Vision

Water governance often adopts one of two end-member frameworks: (a) centralized, command-control structures, or (b) distributed–collaborative networks. The former typifies the traditional style of water governance that has reigned for the past century, whereas the latter is increasingly touted as a panacea to the evolving challenges of water resource management in a time of rapidly changing drivers (e.g., climate change, urbanization). This study applies Social Network Analysis (SNA) to two case-study watersheds in south-central British Columbia in order to assess the (mis)alignment between water governance network structure and stakeholder objectives regarding adaptation to the pressures imposed by climate change. The results indicate that rural, water-scarce regions continue to be burdened by centralized, command-control style structures that reinforce the status quo in watershed governance (Neef, 2009). This reality marginalizes stakeholders at the peripheries of the network, who may represent a silent but significant voice in regard to future visions for watershed governance. The management of common-pool resources in rural areas will likely remain a difficult challenge without social networks that are designed strategically so as to become better aligned with stakeholder visions. Keywords: adaptive; bridging; knowledge transfer; learning; social network ------------------------------------------------------------- Resume La gouvernance des ressources en eau adopte souvent une des deux structures diametralement opposees: (a) centralisee, des structures de commande de controle, ou (b) distribuee - reseaux collaboratifs. La premiere caracterise le style traditionnel de gouvernance d'eau qui a regne pendant le siecle passe, tandis que la derniere est de plus en plus vantee comme la panacee aux difficultes rencontrees dans la gestion des ressources en eau, en periode de facteurs de changements rapides (ex.: changements climatiques, urbanisation). Cette etude applique la methode de l'analyse des reseaux sociaux (ARS) a deux etudes de cas de bassins hydrologiques, dans le centre-sud de la Colombie-Britannique afin d'evaluer l'alignement et le desalignement entre la structure des reseaux de la gouvernance de l'eau et les objectifs des intervenants cles, pour toutes les questions relatives aux pressions imposees par le changement climatique. Les resultats indiquent que les regions rurales, pauvres en eau, continuent d'etre accablees par un style de structures de commande de controle centralise qui renforce le statu quo dans les gouvernances de bassins (Neef, 2009). Cette realite marginalise les intervenants cles a la peripherie du reseau, qui peut representer une voix faible mais cependant significative au regard de la vision future de la gouvernance des bassins. La gestion des ressources collectives dans les zones rurales demeurera probablement un defi difficile sans reseaux sociaux designes strategiquement dans le but d'etre mieux enlignes avec les visions des intervenants.
Causes of the drastic loss of genetic variation in the Critically Endangered Formosa landlocked salmon of Taiwan

The use of hatchery-reared fish to replenish existing threatened wild populations has been shown to reduce or change the natural genetic diversity of the wild populations. In this study, the genetic diversity of wild Formosa landlocked salmon Oncorhynchus formosanus in its main habitat of the Chichiawan Stream in Taiwan was examined after a large-scale escape of hatchery- cultivated fish. Approximately 3000 individuals (the descendants of only 5 pairs of wild salmon) es- caped from an old hatchery when Typhoon Ariel breached the hatchery in the fall of 2004. The ge- netic diversity of the wild population was extremely low at that time, and declined further between 2004 and 2008 following the escape of hatchery fish. We hypothesize that the decline in genetic di- versity of the wild population was mainly caused by a population bottleneck in 2005, and that ge- netic homogeneity since 2005 was caused by breeding of the escaped hatchery fish (which showed low genetic diversity) that survived the floods of 2004. This supports the possibility that the drastic decline in genetic diversity between 2004 and 2008 was caused by the genetic effects of the escaped hatchery fish, and demonstrates the risk of introducing hatchery fish into the wild.
Local and regional Holocene vegetation dynamics at two sites in eastern Latvia

The study compares the local and regional Holocene vegetation dynamics of two sites in eastern Latvia. Both sites show similar trends in vegetation change. Differences were found in local abundances of Betula, Pinus and Picea. Lower amounts of Betula at the local site suggest stronger regional pollen influx into the regional site. The continuous presence of conifer stomata indicates the development of a stand-scale conifer forest at the local site since 5000 cal yr BP. Similar presence and dynamics in thermophilous tree species at both sites suggest that the pollen values of the regional site may truly show the local presence of thermophilous tree taxa. Apart from general vegetation succession, the strongest cause for the vegetation differences at both sites were water-level changes, as shown by the peat decomposition rate.
Morphologic Criteria of Invasive Colonic Adenocarcinoma on Biopsy Specimens

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines an invasive colonic adenocarcinoma as a tumor that invades through the muscularis mucosa, into or beyond the submucosa. This feature may not be easily distinguishable in scant colonoscopic biopsy specimens. Our objective is to identify additional morphologic criteria to aide in the diagnosis of invasive colonic adenocarcinoma on scant biopsy material. We evaluated six additional morphologic criteria in a retrospective observational study of 55 consecutive malignant and 16 benign colonic biopsy specimens whose final diagnoses were confirmed by concordant colonic resection. Statistic analysis shows that desmoplasia, cribiform pattern, intraluminal necrosis and high-grade nuclear atypia are independent factors that are highly associated with invasive adenocarcinoma (p < 0.05). Both desmoplasia and cribiform pattern demonstrate 100% specificity and high sensitivity with 83.6% and 89.1% respectively in diagnosing invasive colonic adenocarcinoma. Intraluminal necrosis and high-grade nuclear atypia also showed high sensitivity (92.7% and 90.9%) and high specificity (93.8% and 87.5%). The presence of any of the following four histologic features: stromal desmoplasia, cribriform pattern, intraluminal necrosis and high-grade nuclear atypia in the biopsy specimen, should warrant consideration of a complete resection.
Limit theorems for bivariate extremes of non-identically distributed random variables

The limit behaviour of the extreme order statistics arising from n two-dimensional independent and non-identically distributed random vectors is investigated. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the weak convergence of the distribution function (d.f.) of the vector of extremes, as well as the form of the limit d.f. ’s, are obtained. Moreover, conditions for the components of the vector of extremes to be asymptotically independent are studied.
Time-varying world integration of the African stock markets: a Kalman Filter approach

The paper examines the time-varying world integration of African stock markets. The authors analyze the daily returns of Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI)/International Finance Corporation (IFC) return indices for eleven African countries from May 2002 to May 2011. The adjusted pricing error from an equilibrium international asset pricing model is used as market integration measure. The Kalman filter technique was employed to capture the timevarying degree of market integration and allows for dynamic change in global risk premium. The paper observed that African stock markets are yet to be fully integrated into global markets and the level of integration has increased after the 2008/2009 financial crisis limiting the diversification opportunities Africa stocks offer for global investors.
Transition from global to local control of dayside reconnection from ionospheric‐sourced mass loading

We have conducted a series of controlled numerical simulations to investigate the response of dayside reconnection to idealized, ionosphere‐sourced mass loading processes to determine whether they affect the integrated dayside reconnection rate. Our simulation results show that the coupled solar wind‐magnetosphere system may exhibit both local and global control behaviors depending on the amount of mass loading. With a small amount of mass loading, the changes in local reconnection rate affects magnetosheath properties only weakly and the geoeffective length in the upstream solar wind is essentially unchanged, resulting in the same integrated dayside reconnection rate. With a large amount of mass loading, however, the magnetosheath properties and the geoeffective length are significantly affected by slowing down the local reconnection rate, resulting in an increase of the magnetic pressure in the magnetosheath, with a significant reduction in the geoeffective length in the upstream solar wind and in the integrated dayside reconnection rate. In this controlled simulation setup, the behavior of dayside reconnection potential is determined by the role of the enhanced magnetic pressure in the magnetospheath due to magnetospheric mass loading. The reconnection potential starts to decrease significantly when the enhanced magnetic pressure alters the thickness of the magnetosheath.
Fabrication of artificial graphene in a GaAs quantum heterostructure

The unusual electronic properties of graphene, which are a direct consequence of its two-dimensional honeycomb lattice, have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. Creation of artificial lattices that re-create graphene's honeycomb topology, known as artificial graphene, can facilitate the investigation of graphenelike phenomena, such as the existence of massless Dirac fermions, in a tunable system. In this work, the authors present the fabrication of artificial graphene in an ultrahigh quality GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well, with lattice period as small as 50 nm, the smallest reported so far for this type of system. Electron-beam lithography is used to define an etch mask with honeycomb geometry on the surface of the sample, and different methodologies are compared and discussed. An optimized anisotropic reactive ion etching process is developed to transfer the pattern into the AlGaAs layer and create the artificial graphene. The achievement of such high-resolution artificial graphene should allo.