Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Alberta Inpatient Hospital Experience Survey: Representativeness of Sample and Initial Findings

In health survey research, it is paramount that survey respondents are representative of the general target population, thereby ensuring that the policies and program decisions supported by the underlying data are well-informed. In order to assess the representativeness of our survey respondents, we sought to compare selected demographic and clinical attributes of our inpatient hospital experience survey respondents with those of eligible nonrespondents. This retrospective analysis of cross-sectional administrative hospital data included 26,295 survey respondents, and 466,034 non-respondents. These were based on all inpatient hospital discharges that were eligible to be surveyed in the province of Alberta, Canada from April 1, 2011 to March 31, 2014. When compared with eligible nonrespondents, survey respondents had similar patterns in terms of mean age (53.8±20.0 vs. 54.4±21.3 years), sex (35.0% vs. 38.8% male), admission type (60.7% urgent in both groups), and the mean number of comorbidities (0.8±1.2 vs. 1.0±1.3). Compared to nonrespondents, survey respondents tended to be healthier, as evidenced by a shorter mean length of stay (5.4±9.4 vs.7.0±15.4 days), less need for ICU care (2.1% vs. 3.0% of cases), and being more likely to be discharged directly home (95.2% vs. 91.9% of cases). The survey sampling strategy resulted in a sample that was, in most cases, representative of the general inpatient population in our jurisdiction of approximately 4 million residents. Our findings indicate that an adequate sampling strategy may still provide a representative sample, despite a low response rate.
AJTC Scottish Committee response - Scottish Government's consultation on the Review of the Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003

Modifications etc. (not altering text) C1 Act applied (5.10.2005) by Mental Health (Cross-border transfer; patients subject to detention requirement or otherwise in hospital) (Scotland) Regulations 2005 (S.S.I. 2005/467), reg. 46 (with reg. 2) C2 Act applied (with modifications) (3.11.2008) by Mental Health (England and Wales Cross-border transfer: patients subject to requirements other than detention) (Scotland) Regulations 2008 (S.S.I. 2008/356), reg. 33(1) (with regs. 2, 33(2))
Role of video laryngoscopes in anesthesia practice

OBJECTIVES • Briefl y discuss the airway –related closed claims studies in surgical/obstetrical patients • Discuss the introduction of video laryngoscopy in airway management • Discuss the different types of video laryngoscopes currently available in anesthesia practice • Discuss the role of video laryngoscopes in the airway management of unanticipated, diffi cult or failed intubation – Obstetrical patients ASA CLOSED CLAIMS PROJECT Incidence of death and brain damage % of total claims 50
Identification and treatment of depression of older adults in primary care: findings from the São Paulo Ageing and Health Study.

BACKGROUND Depression, diabetes and hypertension are major contributors to the global burden of disease; however, the majority of research on depression and co-morbid conditions originates in high-income countries. OBJECTIVE This study examines the depression identification rate and compares treatment rates of depression with those of diabetes and hypertension among elderly individuals served in primary care through the Family Health Program (FHP) in São Paulo, Brazil. METHOD A total of 1558 São Paulo Ageing and Health Study participants (low-income adults ≥65 years old living in São Paulo) registered in the FHP were included for analysis. Chart review was performed for participants with an International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10) depression diagnosis (from survey interview) to verify if depression was recorded for these individuals. Depression, diabetes and hypertension treatment were assessed based on clinical assessments and medication checks. RESULTS Seventy-three participants (4.8%) had ICD-10 depression, 344 (23.2%) had confirmed diabetes and 1207 (79.3%) had confirmed hypertension. The proportion of those identified with depression by medical chart review (n = 63 for individuals whose chart could be found) was 4.8% (n = 3). Nine individuals (12.3%) with ICD-10 depression were treated. Rates of diabetes and hypertension treatment were 72.4% and 77.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION Levels of treatment of depression in older adults receiving care in the FHP is very low compared to treatment rates of diabetes and hypertension. Collaborative care effectiveness trials for the treatment of depression in the FHP are needed to improve the quality of depression care for this population.
Cannabinoids for Medical Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

IMPORTANCE Cannabis and cannabinoid drugs are widely used to treat disease or alleviate symptoms, but their efficacy for specific indications is not clear. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review of the benefits and adverse events (AEs) of cannabinoids. DATA SOURCES Twenty-eight databases from inception to April 2015. STUDY SELECTION Randomized clinical trials of cannabinoids for the following indications: nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy, appetite stimulation in HIV/AIDS, chronic pain, spasticity due to multiple sclerosis or paraplegia, depression, anxiety disorder, sleep disorder, psychosis, glaucoma, or Tourette syndrome. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. All review stages were conducted independently by 2 reviewers. Where possible, data were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Patient-relevant/disease-specific outcomes, activities of daily living, quality of life, global impression of change, and AEs. RESULTS A total of 79 trials (6462 participants) were included; 4 were judged at low risk of bias. Most trials showed improvement in symptoms associated with cannabinoids but these associations did not reach statistical significance in all trials. Compared with placebo, cannabinoids were associated with a greater average number of patients showing a complete nausea and vomiting response (47% vs 20%; odds ratio [OR], 3.82 [95% CI, 1.55-9.42]; 3 trials), reduction in pain (37% vs 31%; OR, 1.41 [95% CI, 0.99-2.00]; 8 trials), a greater average reduction in numerical rating scale pain assessment (on a 0-10-point scale; weighted mean difference [WMD], -0.46 [95% CI, -0.80 to -0.11]; 6 trials), and average reduction in the Ashworth spasticity scale (WMD, -0.36 [95% CI, -0.69 to -0.05]; 7 trials). There was an increased risk of short-term AEs with cannabinoids, including serious AEs. Common AEs included dizziness, dry mouth, nausea, fatigue, somnolence, euphoria, vomiting, disorientation, drowsiness, confusion, loss of balance, and hallucination. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE There was moderate-quality evidence to support the use of cannabinoids for the treatment of chronic pain and spasticity. There was low-quality evidence suggesting that cannabinoids were associated with improvements in nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy, weight gain in HIV infection, sleep disorders, and Tourette syndrome. Cannabinoids were associated with an increased risk of short-term AEs.
Trends in prescribing of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with cardiovascular disease: influence of national guidelines in UK primary care

Background Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to treat pain, but have potential side effects in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Objectives To determine trends in NSAIDs prescribing between 2002 and 2010 in patients with CVD, and ascertain whether prescribing patterns changed following publication of major national (the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) and the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE)) guidance to GPs. Methods This was an observational database study of adult patients in 11 practices (Staffordshire, England). NSAIDs were categorised into basic, COX-2 and topical. Study duration was divided on a quarterly basis from 2002-quarter-1 to 2010q4. CVD patients were identified using pre-defined Read Codes recorded in the two years prior to each quarter. Quarterly prevalence was determined. Times of significant changes in prescribing trends were determined using Joinpoint Regression, and compared to dates of the five major guidelines (in 2004q4, 2005q1, 2005q3, 2006q4, 2008q1). Results In CVD patients, the prescription of basic NSAIDs showed a decreasing trend throughout the study period, from 774 (95% CI, 691-863) per 10000 patients in 2002q1 to 245 (204-291) in 2010q4. COX-2 prescribing increased from 232/10000 (187-286) in 2002q1 to 403/10000 (348-464) in 2004q3. Prescribing then fell sharply to 102/10000 (76-134) in 2005q2 before stabilising around 55/10000. Topical NSAIDs prescribing showed a steady increase, starting at 115/10000 (108-123) in 2002q1 and ending at 270/10000 (258-281) in 2010q4. Similar trends were observed in patients without CVD, particularly a sharp drop in COX-2 prescribing also occurred from 2004q4 when initial MHRA guidance was issued. Conclusion Despite guidelines and a trend toward decreased prescribing, the use of potentially harmful NSAIDs continued in CVD patients. The MHRA directives potentially might have affected patients without CVD who may have inappropriately restricted their use of COX-2.
Association Between Mutation Clearance After Induction Therapy and Outcomes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

IMPORTANCE Tests that predict outcomes for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are imprecise, especially for those with intermediate risk AML. OBJECTIVES To determine whether genomic approaches can provide novel prognostic information for adult patients with de novo AML. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Whole-genome or exome sequencing was performed on samples obtained at disease presentation from 71 patients with AML (mean age, 50.8 years) treated with standard induction chemotherapy at a single site starting in March 2002, with follow-up through January 2015. In addition, deep digital sequencing was performed on paired diagnosis and remission samples from 50 patients (including 32 with intermediate-risk AML), approximately 30 days after successful induction therapy. Twenty-five of the 50 were from the cohort of 71 patients, and 25 were new, additional cases. EXPOSURES Whole-genome or exome sequencing and targeted deep sequencing. Risk of identification based on genetic data. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Mutation patterns (including clearance of leukemia-associated variants after chemotherapy) and their association with event-free survival and overall survival. RESULTS Analysis of comprehensive genomic data from the 71 patients did not improve outcome assessment over current standard-of-care metrics. In an analysis of 50 patients with both presentation and documented remission samples, 24 (48%) had persistent leukemia-associated mutations in at least 5% of bone marrow cells at remission. The 24 with persistent mutations had significantly reduced event-free and overall survival vs the 26 who cleared all mutations. Patients with intermediate cytogenetic risk profiles had similar findings. [table: see text]. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The detection of persistent leukemia-associated mutations in at least 5% of bone marrow cells in day 30 remission samples was associated with a significantly increased risk of relapse, and reduced overall survival. These data suggest that this genomic approach may improve risk stratification for patients with AML.
Bacterial communities potentially involved in iron-cycling in Baltic Sea and North Sea sediments revealed by pyrosequencing.

To gain insight into the bacterial communities involved in iron-(Fe) cycling under marine conditions, we analysed sediments with Fe-contents (0.5-1.5 wt %) from the suboxic zone at a marine site in the Skagerrak (SK) and a brackish site in the Bothnian Bay (BB) using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. Several bacterial families, including Desulfobulbaceae, Desulfuromonadaceae and Pelobacteraceae and genera, includingDesulfobacterandGeobacter, known to reduce Fe were detected and showed highest abundance near the Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox boundary. Additional genera with microorganisms capable of coupling fermentation to Fe-reduction, includingClostridiumandBacillus, were observed. Also, the Fe-oxidizing families Mariprofundaceae and Gallionellaceae occurred at the SK and BB sites, respectively, supporting Fe-cycling. In contrast, the sulphate (SO4 (2-)) reducing bacteriaDesulfococcusandDesulfobacteriumwere more abundant at greater depths concurring with a decrease in Fe-reducing activity. The communities revealed by pyrosequencing, thus, match the redox stratification indicated by the geochemistry, with the known Fe-reducers coinciding with the zone of Fe-reduction. Not the intensely studied model organisms, such asGeobacterspp. , but rather versatile microorganisms, including sulphate reducers and possibly unknown groups appear to be important for Fe-reduction in these marine suboxic sediments.
Prevalence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in surgical units of Ahmadu Bello University teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria: An indication for effective control measures

Background: Multiple antibiotic resistance in bacteria populations is currently one of the greatest challenges to the effective management of infections. Constant bacteriological monitoring of pathogens in the hospital in general and specialized units is necessary to provide accurate data on the prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of specific pathogens. Method: All clinical samples from the surgical units of ABUTH, Zaria over a 24-month period were processed and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates characterized and identified using standard microbiological procedures. The antibiotic susceptibility of isolates and a standard strain to ceftazidime, amikacin, gentamicin, imipenem, ciprofloxacin and perfloxacin was determined by the disk diffusion method. Results: A total of 1,452 clinical specimens were processed and 878 pathogenic bacteria isolated within the study period. There were 92 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, giving a prevalence level of 10.5%. Most of the isolates were from urine (51.1%) and wounds (41.3%). A total of 18/92 (19.6%) of the isolates were resistant to three or more of the antibiotics tested, with the most prevalent resistance pattern being ceftazidime+gentamicin+perfloxacin+ofloxacin (27.8%). Conclusion: There is need for instituting an antimicrobial resistance surveillance system that provides clinicians with up-to-date data on the prevalence and resistance pattern of commonly encountered pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Key Words: Psuedomonas aeruginosa, drug resistance, surgical units Annals of African Medicine Vol.3(1 ) 2004: 13-16
Mirror Movements of Hind Limbs of the Rat with Experimentally Induced Lumbosacral Agenesis

Abstract Neuropathological and electrophysiological studies were designed to clarify the pathomechanism of motor disturbance in the hind limbs of rats with sacral agenesis. The model animals were obtained from mother rats which had been treated with trypan blue on day 8 of gestation. Mirror movements in the hind limbs were observed in 7 out of 56 rats with lumbosacral agenesis. The conus medullaris in rats with lumbosacral agenesis ended at the level between Th13‐L1 vertebra, whereas that in normal cases terminated between L3‐4. The spinal cord of the lumbosacral region was hypoplastic and dysplastic particularly in the ventral half. Anterior horn cells were sporadic and there were no apparent median fissure in the spinal cord of the lumbosacral region. On the other hand, any abnormality was not found in the brain, the brain stem, and the spinal cord of the cervicothoracic region. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the unilateral hind limbs. In segments of the anomalous spinal cord, HRP‐labeled neurons in the anterior horn were found not only on the injected side but also on the other side. In electrophysiological examination, F' wave was recorded on the non‐stimulated side with longer latency and duration compared with that of the stimulated side. These morphological and physiological findings indicated that the mirror movements in the hind limbs of the model animals may arise from developmental errors of motor nervous pathway, with some deficient inhibitory mechanism in the upper neural system.
The water footprint of food

The international trade in agricultural commodities at the same time constitutes a trade with water in virtual form. Water in external areas has been used to produce the food and feed items that are imported. The water footprint of a good or a service is the total amount of water, external and internal, that is required to produce it. The concept can be used to calculate and compare the strain on water resources resulting from different options. It can also be extended to provide water budgets for whole nations or continents.
EFFECT OF PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION TECHNIQUE ON PAIN RELIEF DURING LABOR

Labor pain is a cause of stress and suffering; for which many women seek methods to relieve this pain. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of relaxation techniques on pain relief during labor. This study was carried out on 62 pregnant women referred to Fatemieh hospital (Hamadan, Iran) during their labor. They were selected using convenience sampling and were divided randomly in two groups. The first group (control) received routine way of ward during their labor and the second group (test) went through the relaxation technique after training. The intensity of pain was determined using a standard pain number rating scale, and the behavioral reactions were recorded using an observational checklist. The statistical analysis of data showed significant difference in intensity of pain between the two groups (P = 0.0001). Also there was a significant difference in behavioral reactions between the two groups (P < 0.0001). Since the relaxation technique is easy to perform and without any risk and also has low expenses it is recommended for pain relief during labor.
UK population norms for EQ-5D

This discussion paper presents data from the Department of Health funded Measurement and Valuation of Health survey conducted at the Centre for Health Economics in 1993. This was a nationally representative interview survey of 3395 men and women aged 18 or over living in the UK. Amongst other things, the survey collected information on health status using the EuroQol (EQ-5D) descriptive system. The data is presented as a series of tables of age/sex population norms for the EQ-5D, for both self rated health status and weighted health state index. The tables are likely to be useful for researchers, clinicians, health care providers and policy makers, who are using EQ-5D to evaluate health care and who require baseline values for comparative purposes for monitoring population variations in health.
Initial experiences with extracorporeal shock wave therapy for treatment of bone spavin in horses – part II

Summary Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has grown from the original use of treating urinary calculi into a mechanism to treat some specific orthopaedic diseases of humans and animals. This paper describes a group of horses with bone spavin treated with ESWT. Horses were treated with a high energy focused shock wave machine. Horses were examined for lameness pre-treatment and 12 weeks post-treatment. There was a decrease in the lameness of 80% (59/74) of the horses treated. ESWT provides a viable noninvasive mechanism of treating refractory bone spavin in the horse.
An Examination of Campus Recreation Usage, Academic Performance, and Selected Health Indices of College Freshmen

Cross-sectional research shows that campus recreation (CR) facility use is related to higher grade point averages (GPA) and favorable health indices. Further research is needed to address whether the relationships are caused by greater use of CR facilities or the accommodation of existing behaviors valued by students with higher GPA and favorable health indices. Thus, 179 first year student's GPA, body mass index (BMI), television (TV) viewing, physical activity (IPAQ), and nutrient intakes were compared between those who increased CR visits (by ≥ 1 day/wk), and those who decreased CR visits (by ≥ 1 day/wk) between fall and spring semesters. No significant (p < .05) differences were found between the groups for GPA, BMI, TV time, IPAQ scores, or nutrient intakes. Though these data indicate that GPA and health indices are minimally impacted by an increase or decrease in CR use, they suggest that students with higher GPA and favorable health indices are more likely to use CR facilities.
Temporal Changes in the Association Between Modifiable Risk Factors and Coronary Heart Disease Incidence.

Temporal Changes in the Association Between Modifiable Risk Factors and Coronary Heart Disease Incidence Diagnosis and control of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors have received particular emphasis in guidelines issued since 1977 (blood pressure) and 1985 (lipids). 1,2 Yet on a population level, little is known about how these efforts have altered CHD incidence and its association with modifiable risk factors. This study explored (1) how the associations between modifiable risk factors and CHD events changed from 1983 through 1995 and from 1996 through 2011, and (2) during this timeframe, whether the population attributable fractions (PAFs) of CHD due to modifiable risk factors were altered.
Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment: a review of the literature

Bladder cancer is the second most common urological cancer in the UK, with over 10 000 cases diagnosed annually. With 80% of urothelial bladder cancers being non-muscle invasive, it is important to understand the treatments available. This review aims to identify and review the literature regarding bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment. An integrative-based review was conducted to generate a broad overview of the existing knowledge for BCG treatment. An open search of online databases was conducted to identify articles published in English from the earliest date available to September 2013, using key terms related to BCG. A significant number of articles were identified. To narrow the results and identify the most relevant articles, the search terms were cross-referenced. The resulting articles were then reviewed using the critical appraisal skills programme framework. The tools provided by CASP give a systematic, transparent and rigorous approach to the quality assessment of research studies. The research articles were then categorized under the following headings: side effects, including local, systemic and age; quality of life; and attrition. The major conclusion from this literature review is that BCG treatment, when given through an induction and maintenance regime, significantly reduces the risk of progression and recurrence. However, there are potential side effects which the patient and the nurse need to be aware. This review also highlighted that there is a lack of research from the UK and that there is a paucity of research showing why patients withdraw from BCG treatment