Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Late-life health consequences of exposure to trauma in a general elderly population: the mediating role of reexperiencing posttraumatic symptoms.

OBJECTIVE A history of trauma is associated with poor mental and physical health, but the specific impact of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms on physical health using objective indicators of health status has rarely been evaluated in elderly civilians. This study investigates the long-term consequences of a lifetime exposure to trauma on health in a French elderly general population. METHOD Data from this retrospective study were derived from a longitudinal study (the Enquête de Santé Psychologique-Risques, Incidence et Traitement [ESPRIT]) of community-dwelling participants. Psychiatric health, medical history, and clinical examination (ICD-10 criteria) were assessed in 1,662 subjects (mean [SD] age = 72.5 [5.2] years). Lifetime traumatic exposure, PTSD, and psychiatric diagnoses were obtained using the Watson PTSD Inventory and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The outcome measures used were the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Mini-Mental State Examination, and measures of physical health. RESULTS We observed an increase in the number and severity of health-related outcomes between groups, with nontraumatized subjects having the lowest risk and those with trauma leading to recurrent reexperiencing of events (nonresilient subjects) having the highest risk. Traumatized persons who did not report reexperiencing symptoms (resilient subjects) showed better current mental health than traumatized subjects who did and nontraumatized subjects. Nonresilient subjects were more likely to have current depressive symptoms (P = .003), current major depression (P < .0001), current anxiety disorder (P = .032), and psychiatric comorbidity (P = .002) than nontraumatized subjects. Resilient subjects differed from nontraumatized subjects in having significantly less current suicidal ideation (P = .054) and psychiatric comorbidity (P = .035). Both groups of traumatized subjects showed a higher rate of cardio-ischemic diseases, notably current angina pectoris (multivariate, adjusted OR = 2.27; 95% CI, 1.31-3.91; and OR = 2.34; 95% CI, 1.22-4.49; for resilient and nonresilient groups, respectively). Traumatized persons, specifically those nonresilient, showed a higher waist-hip ratio, higher triglyceride levels, and a greater frequency of hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that trauma could be associated with cardio-ischemic diseases independently of PTSD symptoms expression. However, the presence of these symptoms appears associated with additional metabolic risk factors.
CONSTRAINTS ON THE EVOLUTION OF MARS

The evolution of Mars is discussed using results from the recent Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) and Mars Pathfinder missions together with results from mantle convection and thermal history models and the chemistry of Martian meteorites. The new MGS topography and gravity data and the data on the rotation of Mars from Mars Pathfinder constrain models of the present interior structure and allow estimates of present crust thickness and thickness variations. The data also allow estimates of lithosphere thickness variation and heat flow assuming that the base of the lithosphere is an isotherm. Although the interpretation is not unambiguous, it can be concluded that Mars has a substantial crust. It may be about 50 km thick on average with thickness variations of another ±50 km. Alternatively, the crust may be substantially thicker with smaller thickness variations. The former estimate of crust thickness can be shown to be in agreement with estimates of volcanic production rates from geologic mapping using data from the camera on MGS and previous missions. According to these estimates most of the crust was produced in the Noachian, roughly the first Gyr of evolution. A substantial part of the lava generated during this time apparently poured onto the surface to produce the Tharsis bulge, the largest tectonic unit in the solar system and the major volcanic center of Mars. Models of crust growth that couple crust growth to mantle convection and thermal evolution are consistent with an early 1 Gyr long phase of vigorous volcanic activity. The simplest explanation for the remnant magnetization of crustal units of mostly the southern hemisphere calls for an active dynamo in the Noachian, again consistent with thermal history calculations that predict the core to become stably stratified after some hundred Myr of convective cooling and dynamo action. The isotope record of the Martian meteorites suggest that the core formed early and rapidly within a few tens of Myr. These data also suggest that the silicate rock component of the planet was partially molten during that time. The isotope data suggest that heterogeneity resulted from core formation and early differentiation and persisted to the recent past. This is often taken as evidence against vigorous mantle convection and early plate tectonics on Mars although the latter assumption can most easily explain the early magnetic field. The physics of mantle convection suggests that there may be a few hundred km thick stagnant, near surface layer in the mantle that would have formed rapidly and may have provided the reservoirs required to explain the isotope data. The relation between the planform of mantle convection and the tectonic features on the surface is difficult to entangle. Models call for long wavelength forms of flow and possibly a few strong plumes in the very early evolution. These plumes may have dissolved with time as the core cooled and may have died off by the end of the
Cytology of the Bothriochloa pertusa complex.

The cytology of a number of morphologically similar Bothriochloa species was studied. The Australian B. decipiens (2n=40) and B. ambigua (2n=60) are morphologically allied, sexually reproducing allopolyploids based on n=10. The Indian endemic B. longifolia is a sexually reproducing diploid. The remaining species studied are gametophytic apomicts, and behave cytologically like segmental allopolyploids. Tetraploid and hexaploid races characterize B. pertusa. Cytological and morphological data indicated that the hexaploids originated from the fertilization of a cytologically unreduced gamete. Bothriochloa radicans and B. glabra are tetraploids, while B. insculpta is characterized by pentaploid and hexaploid races. Morphological data indicated that hexaploid B. insculpta could have originated from a cross between plants resembling B. radicans and B. glabra. These hexaploids are of two morphological types, and it was proposed that the one combines the complete chromosome complement of B. glabra and the haploid complement of B. radicans, while the other originated from fertilization of the cytologically unreduced gamete of B. radicans. Pentaploids apparently represent backcross populations to either parent.
A MODEL STUDY OF PUBLIC INTERNET ACCESS POINTS FOR TURKEY

Recently, studies for Public Internet Access Points (PIAPs), which provides citizens with access to digital technologies to support economic, educational, and social development, have gained importance in Turkey. In this paper, a model for achieving better implementation of PIAPs in Turkey has been described. The methodology used to develop that model is essentially based on comprehensive analysis of best PIAPs practices in the world. After defining questions critical to development of the model, 17 PIAPs-related projects have been investigated based on a template. Using a template helped to extract similar information from each investigated PIAPs project and eased the process of analysis. With a comprehensive analysis, valuable results have been obtained and questions addressing the characteristics of managerial and operational structure, management of financial resources, the services offered in PIAPs and their priorities, preferred setup locations of PIAPs, common problems faced and their preferred solutions have been answered. Considering trends in the world PIAPs cases and the current situation in Turkey, general structure of the PIAPs model has been outlined. It has been detailed with the help of series of meetings and a workshop with the participation of experienced public and private authorities. Final version of the model comprises a roadmap for 5-years period (explaining human resources need, potential costs, and services to be provided in each year), management structure of PIAPs project, detailed definition of managerial roles of public and private bodies, operational structure, detailed definition of roles in operation of PIAPs, critical success factors for better implementation and to do list for the next stage.
Interest‐driven avatar neighbor‐organizing for P2P transmission in distributed virtual worlds

The neighbor table/distributed hash table (DHT) is used to choose the data supplier for data‐dispatching services in distributed virtual environments based on peer‐to‐peer networks. It is essential that a stable and efficient neighbor table/DHT be maintained. Because the avatar has much freedom to roam, the spatial distribution of nodes is not uniform, and the logical topology may change dramatically. Therefore, traditional construction mechanisms, such as the neighbor‐discovery mechanism based on spatial distance or DHT, may involve fierce churn in the neighbor table and frequent message exchanges. In this paper, we proposed a dynamic node‐organizing mechanism that aims to solve these challenging problems by applying the avatar's behavioral characteristics to the neighbor maintenance mechanism and scene data transmission. First, we have summarized the common social behaviors of avatars and extracted their characteristics. We then propose an interest‐similarity measuring algorithm to divide the node into diverse clusters. Next, we measure the cluster stability in terms of interest entropy while constructing a stable neighbor mesh for each node in a cluster. We have conducted extensive simulation experiments that simulate avatar behaviors in a popular massively multiplayer online game. The results show that our proposed mechanism achieved a substantial alleviation of neighbor churn and reduced information exchange, which improves the transmission efficiency in distributed virtual environments. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three-Level Z-Source Neutral-Point-Clamped Inverter

The paper describes construction and the principles of activity, attributes and potential of 3-phase Z-type inverters. The paper focuses on the basic system and suggested 3-level system of a NPC type Z-inverter, which was elaborated by authors. Simplified theoretical analysis of both systems has been verified by detailed simulation research. In the last section of the article, the possibility to build multilevel Z-inverters based on diode clamped typology is presented.
The Optimization Scheme Of The Leakage Current Reduction Technique For SRAM Design

An optimization scheme of the leakage current reduction (LCR) for SRAM design has been proposed in this letter. By choosing the enabling signals for the LCR circuits intentionally, it can be deduced theoretically that there exists an optimal design option for the LCR technique application under the premise of SRAM performance re-quirement. Assuming that the reliably of SA sense requires 100mV differential voltage of bitlines, and the number of bitcells attached to one bitline is 2048, the simulate results shows that the discharging rate under the value of 256 of k is the fastest which is conform to the theoretical calculation, which means the most significant reduction of leakage current. Keywords-component; SRAM; Leakage current reduction (LCR); Optimization
How to Balance the Load on Heterogeneous Clusters

The problem of computing a large set of different tasks on a set of heterogeneous resources connected by a network is very common nowadays in very different environments and load balancing is indispensable for achieving high performance and high throughput in systems such as clusters. Cluster heterogeneity increases the difficulty of balancing the load across the system nodes and, although the relationship between heterogeneity and load balancing is difficult to describe analytically, in this paper different models and performance metrics are proposed to describe heterogeneous cluster behavior and to perform an exhaustive analysis of the effects of heterogeneity on load balancing algorithm performance. This analysis allows us to propose efficient solutions capable of dealing with heterogeneity for all the load balancing algorithm stages. Furthermore, a load balancing algorithm has been implemented following these solutions to demonstrate, with experimental results, its efficiency on real heterogeneous clusters.
Risk factors for deep sternal wound infections after cardiac surgery in Jordan.

AIM The purpose of this study was to assess rates of and risk factors for deep sternal wound infection after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. BACKGROUND Deep sternal wound infection is one of the most devastating complications of cardiac surgery, resulting in multiple operative and non-operative procedures and increased hospital costs. DESIGN A retrospective design using an existing coronary artery surgery database of adults (n=206) who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting surgeries between January 2004-January 2006 at a university affiliated hospital, northern Jordan was used. METHOD Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to asses rates of and risk factors for deep sternal wound infection. RESULTS Deep sternal wound infection incidence rate was 22% of the total sample. Risk factors of deep sternal wound infection include: (1) diabetes (OR=0·317, p=0·048), (2) Obesity (OR=0·275, p=0·011), (3) duration of surgery (OR=4·22, p=0·032) and (4) use of intraaortic balloon pump (OR=0·033, p=0·001). CONCLUSION The proposed model provides a preliminary indication of risk factors placing coronary artery bypass grafting patients at risk of DSWI. Further investigations and testing of the model are needed. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Determining patients who are at risk of developing deep sternal wound infection after cardiac surgeries is the first step towards its prevention.
Differential virulence of clinical and bovine-biased enterohemorrahgic E . coli 1 O 157 : H 7 genotypes in piglet and Dutch Belted rabbit models 2 3

25 26 Enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 (EHEC O157) is an important cause of food and 27 waterborne illness in the developed countries. Cattle are a reservoir host of EHEC O157 28 and a major source of human exposure through contaminated meat products. Shiga toxins 29 (Stx) are an important pathogenicity trait of EHEC O157. The insertion sites of the Stx30 encoding bacteriophages differentiate EHEC O157 isolates into genogroups commonly 31 isolated from cattle but rarely from sick humans (bovine-biased genotypes, BBG) and 32 commonly isolated from both cattle and human patients (clinical genotypes, CG). Since 33 BBG and CG share the cardinal virulence factors of EHEC O157 and are carried by cattle 34 at similar prevalence, the infrequency of BBG among human disease isolates suggests 35 that they may be less virulent than CG. We compared the virulence potential of human 36 and bovine isolates of CG and BBG in newborn conventional pig and weaned Dutch 37 Belted rabbit models. CG-challenged piglets experienced more severe disease 38 accompanied by earlier and higher mortality than BBG-challenged piglets. Similarly, 39 CG-challenged rabbits were more likely to develop lesions in kidney and intestine when 40 compared with the BBG-challenged rabbits. The CG strains used in this study carried 41 stx2 and produced significantly higher amount of Stx, whereas the BBG strains carried 42 stx2c gene variant only. These results suggest that BBG are less virulent than CG and that 43 this difference in virulence potential is associated with the Stx 2 sub-type(s) carried 44 and/or the amount of Stx produced. 45
Modelo estocástico de traducción basado en N-gramas de tuplas bilinges y combinación log-lineal de características

This communication introduces a stochastic machine translation system based on Ngram modelling of the joint probability of bilingual texts. The basic unit of this model is called a tuple and consists of a pair of both source (to be translated) language and target language (translation) word-strings. Translation is driven by a log-linear combination of the N-gram model probability and other features, according to the maximum entropy language modelling approach. The translation performance is evaluated by means of a speech-to-speech translation tasks: translation from Spanish to English (and viceversa) of European Parliament speeches The system reaches a state-of-art performance
The epidemiology of breast cancer in Maori women in Aotearoa New Zealand: implications for ethnicity data analysis.

AIM To describe the methods used to estimate breast cancer incidence and mortality in Maori and non-Maori women using multiple adjustors to assign ethnicity. METHODS Age-specific incidence and mortality rates for breast cancer in Maori and non-Maori were calculated using registration and deaths data obtained from New Zealand Health Information Service (NZHIS) for 1996-2000. Four different methods were used to assign total and sole ethnicity: New Zealand Census Mortality Study (NZCMS)-adjusted, ever Maori-adjusted, National Health Index (NHI)-adjusted, and unadjusted source information. RESULTS Unadjusted and NHI-adjusted estimates were least similar to the NZCMS-adjusted estimate used as the 'gold standard' in this study. Ever Maori-adjusted results closely approximated NZCMS-adjusted results in both incidence and mortality data. Sole Maori breast cancer incidence and mortality estimates were generally higher than total Maori estimates. DISCUSSION Using four different estimates to assign ethnicity confirms previous findings showing poor quality of ethnicity data in routinely collected datasets. Future calculations of breast cancer incidence and mortality rates should assign total and sole ethnicity and reduce ethnicity misclassification by using NZCMS or ever Maori-adjusted estimates. This paper supports the need to collect better quality ethnicity data in order to identify and monitor Maori vs non-Maori cancer inequalities.
Development of a New Soil Extractant for Simultaneous Phosphorus, Ammonium, and Nitrate Analysis

Abstract A new soil extractant (H3A) with the ability to extract NH4, NO3, and P from soil was developed and tested against 32 soils, which varied greatly in clay content, organic carbon (C), and soil pH. The extractant (H3A) eliminates the need for separate phosphorus (P) extractants for acid and calcareous soils and maintains the extract pH, on average, within one unit of the soil pH. The extractant is composed of organic root exudates, lithium citrate, and two synthetic chelators (DTPA, EDTA). The new soil extractant was tested against Mehlich 3, Olsen, and water for extractable P, and 1 M KCl and water‐extractable NH4 and NO2/NO3. The pH of the extractant after adding soil, shaking, and filtration was measured for each soil sample (5 extractants×2 reps×32 soils=320 samples) and was shown to be highly influential on extractable P but has no effect on extractable NH4 or NO2/NO3. H3A was highly correlated with soil‐extractable inorganic N (NH4, NO2/NO3) from both water (r=0.98) and 1 M KCl (r=0.97), as well as being significantly correlated with water (r=0.71), Mehlich 3 (r=0.83), and Olsen (r=0.84) for extractable P.
Comprehensive MRI for the detection of subtle alterations in diastolic cardiac function in apoE/LDLR–/– mice with advanced atherosclerosis

ApoE/LDLR–/– mice represent a reliable model of atherosclerosis. However, it is not clear whether cardiac performance is impaired in this murine model of atherosclerosis. Here, we used MRI to characterize cardiac performance in vivo in apoE/LDLR–/– mice with advanced atherosclerosis. Six‐month‐old apoE/LDLR–/– mice and age‐matched C57BL/6J mice (control) were examined using highly time‐resolved cine‐MRI [whole‐chamber left ventricle (LV) imaging] and MR tagging (three slices: basal, mid‐cavity and apical). Global and regional measures of cardiac function included LV volumes, kinetics, time‐dependent parameters, strains and rotations. Histological analysis was performed using OMSB (orceine with Martius, Scarlet and Blue) and ORO (oil red‐O) staining to demonstrate the presence of advanced coronary atherosclerosis. MR‐tagging‐based strain analysis in apoE/LDLR–/– mice revealed an increased frequency of radial and circumferential systolic stretch (25% and 50% of segments, respectively, p ≤ 0.012), increased radial post‐systolic strain index (45% of segments, p = 0.009) and decreased LV untwisting rate (−30.3° (11.6°)/cycle, p = 0.004) when compared with control mice. Maximal strains and LV twist were unchanged. Most of the cine‐MRI‐based LV functional and anatomical parameters also remained unchanged in apoE/LDLR–/–mice, with only a lower filling rate, longer filling time, shorter isovolumetric contraction time and slower heart rate observed in comparison with control mice. The coronary arteries displayed severe atherosclerosis, as evidenced by histological analysis. Using comprehensive MRI methods, we have demonstrated that, despite severe coronary atherosclerosis in six‐month‐old apoE/LDLR–/– mice, cardiac performance including global parameters, twist and strains, was well preserved. Only subtle diastolic alterations, possibly of ischemic background, were uncovered. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cultural Differences in Self-Evaluation

The authors investigated compensatory self-enhancement in Japanese and Canadian university students. Research has revealed that when North Americans publicly discover a weakness in one self domain, they typically bolster their self-assessments in another unrelated domain. This effect is less commonly found in private settings. Following a private failure experience on a creativity task, Canadians discounted the negative feedback, although they did not exhibit a compensatory self-enhancing response. In contrast, Japanese were highly responsive to the failure feedback and showed evidence of reverse compensatory self-enhancement. This study provides further evidence that self-evaluation maintenance strategies are elusive among Japanese samples.
Ellagic acid induces apoptosis through inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B in pancreatic cancer cells.

AIM To determine the effect of ellagic acid on apoptosis and proliferation in pancreatic cancer cells and to determine the mechanism of the pro-survival effects of ellagic acid. METHODS The effect of ellagic acid on apoptosis was assessed by measuring phosphatidylserine externalization, caspase activity, mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA fragmentation; and proliferation by measuring DNA thymidine incorporation. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured in permeabilized cells, and in isolated mitochondria. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) activity was measured by electromobility shift assay (EMSA). RESULTS We show that ellagic acid, a polyphenolic compound in fruits and berries, at concentrations 10 to 50 mmol/L stimulates apoptosis in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Further, ellagic acid decreases proliferation by up to 20-fold at 50 mmol/L. Ellagic acid stimulates the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis associated with mitochondrial depolarization, cytochrome C release, and the downstream caspase activation. Ellagic acid does not directly affect mitochondria. Ellagic acid dose-dependently decreased NF-kappa B binding activity. Furthermore, inhibition of NF-kappa B activity using IkB wild type plasmid prevented the effect of ellagic acid on apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that ellagic acid stimulates apoptosis through inhibition of the prosurvival transcription factor NF-kappa B.