Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global simulation of tropospheric ozone using the University of Maryland Chemical Transport Model (UMD-CTM): 1. Model description and evaluation

[1] We have developed the three-dimensional global University of Maryland Chemical Transport Model (UMD-CTM), which can operate on a uniform horizontal grid or operate with a stretched-grid feature that allows transport and chemistry to be computed with mesoscale resolution in a region of interest. The model is suitable for computing photochemical air quality over a specific region, as well as addressing interregional and intercontinental transport issues. The model contains options for a uniform grid or a stretched-grid advection scheme and contains a fast chemical solver and schemes for convective transport, eddy diffusion, emissions, dry deposition, wet scavenging, and stratospheric influx. The model was run on a uniform grid for a full year, and results were evaluated with a variety of surface, airborne, balloon-borne, and satellite observations from many regions of the world. The evaluation was quantified by means of an evaluation index, which compares the model versus observation differences with the variance in the measurements. For most species no systematic biases were found in the results. Results of a simulation with the stretched-grid version of the model are reported in part 2 of this series of papers [Park et al., 2004].
Consumption rights : a market mechanism to redistribute wealth ∗ Francisco Mart́ınez

In an exchange economy with only private consumption goods we propose a competitive mechanism to reach any income distribution. We introduce the so called consumption rights, which is a real parameter that modifies the budgetary constraint of individuals but does not participate in the utility functions. Consumption rights can be traded in the market, which is the main difference with slack parameters, as fiat money or tax inflation, widely known as methods to modify the distribution of wealth. The policy maker control variables are both the amount of rights assigned to each individual and a pricing rule that defines the rate of exchange between rights and wealth. The only intervention of the planner will be trough the definition of the policy, because the redistribution of wealth will be the consequence of the competitive exchange among consumers.
A Factor Analysis on Ideal Leadership Characteristics Among Young MBA Students: A Case Study of International MBA Program in Assumption University

Abstract This survey research used the quantitative approach and examined four variables, consisting of self-awareness, communication, trust, and team-building literature review. This study was conducted at Assumption University of Thailand, Hua-mak campus among current international MBA program students who were employees in different organizations in Bangkok. For analyzing the gathered data, analysis descriptive statistics and factor analysis were used to find out the perception of respondents, specifying the characteristics that were appropriate for grounding up as leadership development program, and then determined the priorities of these characteristics that could be fitted for proposing LDP. The procedure and finding of this study as the model can be used for schools of management, related training institutes, and organizations that would like to design and implement LDPs for their employees to train current or future leaders. Keywords: leadership development program (LDP), self-awareness, communication, trust, and team-building.
Comparative Study of the Properties and Release Kinetics of Two Different Types of Nanocapsules Based on Polysaccharide Encapsulants

Polysaccharides are not very commonly used as encapsulants in the food and nutraceuticals industries. However, sodium alginate is one such compound which finds immense application in food and medical fields due to its nontoxic, biodegradable and low-cost properties [1]. It also shows extensive polymerisation properties. Trehalose, another type of polysaccharide, is also used in food and pharmaceutical industries due to its cryoprotectant nature. It is a low molecular weight carbohydrate which crystallizes to form trehalose dehydrates thus keeping water activity very low [2].
Hamming distance between the strings generated by adjacency matrix of a graph and their sum

Let \(A(G)\) be the adjacency matrix of a graph \(G\). Denote by \(s(v)\) the row of the adjacency matrix corresponding to the vertex \(v\) of \(G\). It is a string in the set \({\Bbb Z}_2^n\) of all \(n\)-tuples over the field of order two. The Hamming distance between the strings \(s(u)\) and \(s(v)\) is the number of positions in which \(s(u)\) and \(s(v)\) differ. In this paper the Hamming distance between the strings generated by the adjacency matrix is obtained. Also \(H_A(G)\), the sum of the Hamming distances between all pairs of strings generated by the adjacency matrix is obtained for some graphs.
Surface Acoustic Wave Chemical Sensor Arrays: New Chemically Sensitive Interfaces Combined with Novel Cluster Analysis to Detect Volatile Organic Compounds and Mixtures

Three approaches confer chemical selectivity upon a sensor-based system.1 The “traditional” approach uses a single sensor functionalized with a chemically sensitive material selective for the analyte. This works well when interferences are few, or chemically unlike the analyte, or when highly specific materialsse.g. , suitable biological or molecular-recognition complexessare available. Even with exquisite selectivity, the transducer platform often must include a physical selectivity mechanism as well, so that nonspecific adsorption does not defeat a carefully crafted interface. An example is wavelength-specific optical detection that can differentiate between analytes physisorbed on the surfaces of a molecular cage and those residing inside. In contrast, a “nonspecific” transducer such as the mass-sensitive surface acoustic wave (SAW) device cannot differentiate between physisorbed and molecularly complexed mass on the surface of a device, unless a secondary perturbation such as a change in mechanical or electrical properties accompanies the mass change.2 Recent advances in both miniaturized and “micro” versions of traditional analytical techniques drive a second approach to chemical selectivity, that of separating analytes in time, space, or the spectral domain.3-5 Typified by electrophoretic separations in microfabricated channels on glass chips, the micro-total-analytical system (μ-TAS) approach can diminish the role of the sensor to that of a nonspecific detector that responds to any impinging compound. The elapsed time from sample introduction to detection, rather than detector selectivity, identifies the analyte. We focus in this Account on chemical sensor arrays as a means to obviate the difficult, costly process of developing a new material with high chemical specificity for each analyte: one array can provide distinct responses for tens of chemicals and mixtures. We emphasize that many of the subsections of this Account are, to varying degree, “platform independent”, so that arrays of optical fibers, electrochemical sensors, chemiresistors, metal oxides, or thermal devices can be conceptually substituted for the SAW platforms that we discuss in detail. The moderate selectivity requirements for arrays allow consideration of a much wider range of materialsseverything from common organic polymers to porous ceramicssthan for molecularly specific sensors. Furthermore, arrays retain some of the “passive sampling” features of discrete sensors that μ-TAS must relinquish due to its reliance upon addition of reagents, pumping, mixing, and the like.
Comparison between the Effects of Insulin versus Corticosteroid Local Injections in Diabetic Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a medical condition due to compression of the median nerve as it travels through the wrist at the carpal tunnel. Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most commonly diagnosed and treated entrapment neuropathy and is a significant cause of morbidity. It is estimated to affect one out of ten people during their lifetime. Diabetic patients have a higher incidence with carpal tunnel syndrome. It has been reported that insulin improves the nerve regeneration and myelination through its role as neurotrophic factor. Aim of the Work: was to compare the short-term effects of insulin and corticosteroid local injections in the treatment of diabetic patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Patients and Methods: Fifty diabetic patients with clinical and electrophysiological evidence of mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome were included in this study. All Patients had been sub-classified into two equal groups:- Group (1): Twenty five patients have received local insulin injection of 10 IU Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH) {Insulinagypt N} into the affected carpal tunnel at the first visit and the same dose of insulin after 2 weeks. Group (2): twenty five patients have received a single dose of 40 mg triamcinolone acetonide {Epirelefan} local injection into the affected carpal tunnel. Nerve conduction study (NCS), Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) and clinical evaluation were carried out for both groups at baseline and four weeks after second dose of insulin injection and one month after steroid injection. Results: In steroid group, significant improvement in nerve conduction study as regard distal sensory latency and sensory conduction velocity without significant improvement in distal motor latency and motor conduction velocity and significant improvement in (BCTQ). In insulin group, a more significant improvement in all parameters of nerve conduction study and also in (BCTQ) was observed with insulin injection than steroid done. Also, there were significant differences between results of both groups for insulin injection group. Conclusion: Local insulin injection is an effective treatment for restoring median nerve function in diabetic patients with mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome and produce significant improvement in NCS and BCTQ.
Research on MRD Parametric Model Based on Magic Formula

In order to get a better description to the nonlinear characteristics of magnetorheological dampers, the magic formula is introduced into the general method of parametric modelling of magnetorheological dampers to propose a new parameterized model called magic formula-hysteresis loop model (MFM). The new model is simple in structure, the physical meaning of each parameter is clear, and the parameter identification is convenient. The fitting and experimental data of MFM and the phenomenon model under different conditions are applied for error analysis and comparison. The results show that the errors of MFM are more accurate and have better fitting and experimental data under different working conditions, which also have better adaptability and versatility.
Biodegradation Study of a Novel Biphenyl- Degrading Bacterial Isolate GS-008

Objectives: Study of biphenyl degrading bacteria from probable PCB contaminated soil at Anjaneya Mill Locality, Davangere, Karnataka, India. Methods: A novel biphenyl degrading bacterial isolate GS-008 was isolated from transformer oil contaminated soil. During Biphenyl catabolic pathway, yellow metabolite developed on addition of 2,3- dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase substrate and therefore enriched colonies appeared. Further, the isolate GS 008 was characterized 16S rDNA typing identified as Stenotrophomonas sp. Findings: GC analysis revealed that the significant Biphenyl degrading activity of GS-008. The degradation of biphenyl was detected with the productionof 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoicacid (HOPDA) and their extent of production was determined using range of time points. Novelty: GS-008 bacterial isolateis one of the promising isolates to degrade the 2,3- dihydroxybiphenyl various PCB contaminated sites.
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY : TRENDS IN PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OVER 40 YEARS OF RESEARCH

The effective use of digital technologies in school settings calls for appropriate professional development opportunities for inservice teachers. How has professional development shifted in support of mathematics teachers integrating these technologies in their teaching? This study explored the impact of digital technologies in mathematics inservice professional development over the past four decades and examined how various technologies, content strands, grade-level bands, teacher outcomes, and student outcomes were being used to design mathematics professional development on integrating technology. This study provides recommendations to mathematics teacher educators as they transform professional development to meet the challenges faced in integrating new and emerging technologies in their instruction.
Coping with drought: Resilience versus risk.Targeting the most suitable G*E*M options by crop simulation modeling

La production des cultures est invariablement liee a la consommation d’eau pour la transpiration des feuilles. L’adaptation des cultures au deficit hydrique devient donc un exercice d’equilibre entre la demande et la disponibilite en eau, de maniere a ce que la culture ait suffisamment d’eau pour terminer son cycle. Le climat varie beaucoup au travers des annees et des environnements, de meme que le sol, ce qui veut dire que les scenarios de secheresse sont extremement variables et qu’il faut en premier les caracteriser avant d’entreprendre la recherche sur l’adaptation au stress. Une fois les scenarios definis, les caracteres contribuant a l’adaptation des plantes peuvent etre identifies. Nous pensons que ces caracteres sont ceux qui contribuent a maximiser la capture en eau et une utilisation raisonnee et efficace de l’eau. Si la maximisation de la capture en eau par les racines est evidemment un caractere important, le fait d’avoir de l’eau disponible pour des stades critiques du cycle de la plante, comme le remplissage des grains, est absolument essentiel. Cela depend beaucoup de la facon dont les plantes ont gere l’eau a des stades plus precoces, par exemple en developpant une canopee plus petite ou en restreignant la transpiration sous conditions de forte demande evaporatoire. Clairement, le developpement de varietes adaptees a la secheresse est le resultat de plusieurs adaptations possibles, qui peuvent interagir les unes avec les autres, avec l’environnement, et il est alors difficile de determiner experimentalement laquelle de ces caracteristiques a un role predominant dans une condition donnee. La simulation des rendements vient alors en appui pour aider a dechiffrer la complexite des systemes biologiques, et permet d’evaluer les effets de ces caracteristiques sur le rendement. La simulation permet aussi de combiner des caracteristiques agronomiques et genetiques au niveau de la parcelle.
Modelling third harmonic ion cyclotron acceleration of deuterium beams for JET fusion product studies experiments

Recent JET experiments have been dedicated to the studies of fusion reactions between deuterium (D) and Helium-3 (3He) ions using neutral beam injection (NBI) in synergy with third harmonic ion cyclotron radio-frequency heating (ICRH) of the beam. This scenario generates a fast ion deuterium tail enhancing DD and D3He fusion reactions. Modelling and measuring the fast deuterium tail accurately is essential for quantifying the fusion products. This paper presents the modelling of the D distribution function resulting from the NBI+ICRF heating scheme, reinforced by a comparison with dedicated JET fast ion diagnostics, showing an overall good agreement. Finally, a sawtooth activity for these experiments has been observed and interpreted using SPOT/RFOF simulations in the framework of Porcelli’s theoretical model, where NBI+ICRH accelerated ions are found to have a strong stabilizing effect, leading to monster sawteeth.
Nonlinear 3D Finite Element Analysis of Pile Group Subjected to Lateral Load

Much of the reported research on the analysis of pile foundations assumes linear behavior of soil that may not be valid. In this paper, material nonlinearity of the soil caused by plasticity is considered in the analysis of laterally loaded pile foundations. A von-Mises, Drucker-Prager and Mohr-Coulomb soil models have been used to define plastic yielding in soil. The interface of soil and pile under the lateral load has been accounted for by incorporating interface elements in the modeling. The piles in series configuration have been considered for the pile group analysis. Individual piles in a group are assumed to be rigidly connected together at the pile head. Pile and soil are modeled using three-dimensional finite element techniques treating pile as linear elastic and soil as linearelastic-perfectly-plastic material. Parametric studies have been performed to examine the effects of pile spacing on the response of pile group. A clear effect of material nonlinearity is observed on the response of pile.
The lived experience of military wives with children during multiple deployments

In this qualitative research study, 10 military wives with children were interviewed. The participants were between the ages of 18 and 45 and had experienced a minimum of two deployments. The information obtained through the interviews answered the research question, “How do military wives with children perceive and describe their experience during their husbands’ multiple deployments? ” Each participant identified her experiences raising children in the absence of her husband. Five themes emerged from the research: (a) deployment differences, (b) communication, (c) stability, (d) support networks and (e) spousal relationship. All of the participants in this research study reported being able to adjust in the absence of their husbands. They were also able to focus on the well-being of their children by providing and maintaining stability within the household, in addition to ensuring that the children remained in constant communication with their fathers to provide a sense of connectedness even in their absence. Despite missing their husbands, these participants continued to find the resources and the solutions needed to continue to balance their lives during multiple deployments.
Simulation Model and Analysis of a Data Warehouse

Data warehouses are large complex systems with many interacting nonlinear components. It is an amalgamation of many different systems and integration of such diverse elements is its primary concern. It is often difficult for a data warehouse manager to predict the performance of the system especially when demand pattern for the required data keeps changing. We have developed a simulation model using ARENA simulation package that will simulate the behavior and performance of a data warehouse system environment based on its overall design. Given such a model, a data warehouse manager can walk through various what-if scenarios and can pinpoint the areas of weaknesses in the system. This visibility could result in improved operational performance in a data warehouse.
From Competition to Dominance: Political Determinants of Federal Transfers in the Russian Federation

The recent uprisings in the Middle East have cast doubt on the degree to which existing theories of autocracy can correctly identify which groups threaten the autocrats rule at any given time. As a result, these theories are unable to predict fundamental upheavals in established autocracies. Who is the biggest threat to the autocrat, though, the elite or the populations as a whole? In this paper, we evaluate how autocrats respond to perceived threats from the population and elites. We advance the argument that elites with autonomous power resources – economic assets, connections to regional elite networks, etc. – and swing voters, who are easily co-opted to cause problems for the regime, are likely perceived as the greatest threats. We also argue that to the extent that economic growth generates support for the incumbent, in this case the autocrat, actors in areas with high growth will, all else equal, be perceived as posing less of a threat to the autocrat than those in slow growth areas. We assume autocrats put their money where their mouths are and test our argument using the combination of data on federal-regional transfers in the Russian federation between 2001 and 2008 and a novel dataset of regional executive level characteristics. We find limited support for our arguments. On the one hand, transfers do go to politically powerful governors, while growth diminishes the impact of measures of voters preferences on transfers. On the other hand, we find evidence that transfers were aimed towards core, not swing voters, and that powerful regional elites tended to get more transfers, not less, in fast growing regions
Fast Video Dehazing Using Per-Pixel Minimum Adjustment

To reduce the computational complexity and maintain the effect of video dehazing, a fast and accurate video dehazing method is presented. The preliminary transmission map is estimated by the minimum channel of each pixel. An adjustment parameter is designed to fix the transmission map to reduce color distortion in the sky area. We propose a new quad-tree method to estimate the atmospheric light. In video dehazing stage, we keep the atmospheric light unchanged in the same scene by a simple but efficient parameter, which describes the similarity of the interframe image content. By using this method, unexpected flickers are effectively eliminated. Experiments results show that the proposed algorithm greatly improved the efficiency of video dehazing and avoided halos and block effect.
Variational eigenstrain analysis of synchrotron diffraction measurements of residual elastic strain in a bent titanium alloy bar

Most procedures for experimental stress evaluation rely on the measurement of elastic strain followed by point-wise calculation of stress based on continuum elasticity assumptions despite the fact that the real purpose of the investigation is to characterise the state of stress everywhere in the object to the greatest possible detail. Using the example of residual elastic strain measurements in a bent titanium alloy bar taken by means of high energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction, an interpretation technique is here introduced based on the variational eigenstrain analysis. An analytical framework is presented for the solution of the direct problem of eigenstrain, that is, the calculation of residual elastic strain distribution within an inelastically bent beam containing a known distribution of eigenstrain. An inverse problem about closest matching between the model and experiment is then cast in a form that allows determination of the underlying eigenstrain distribution from a single noniterative solution of linear system. Subsequently the complete stress state can be reconstructed everywhere within the object in the form of continuous functions. The value of the approach lies in the fact that subsequent deformation modelling can be carried out with the effects of residual stresses (and their evolution) naturally incorporated. The extension of this approach to more complex geometrics within the framework of the finite element method is briefly discussed.