Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of lip closing function during taking food into the mouth in children with Down syndrome

Children with Down Syndrome (DS) show developmental retardation of gross motor function including acquisition of oral movements related to eating and swallowing. To characterize the process of development/acquisition of eating/swallowing function of children with DS, interlabial pressure (IP) during taking food into the mouth was assessed. This study included 99 children with DS (birth to 4 year-old), and 112 age-matched control children showing typical development. IP during taking food into the mouth was measured as an objective index of lip closing function. The system for measuring IP during taking food into the mouth consisted of a strain gauge-pressure sensor connected to a strain-measuring device, which sent data to a personal computer installed with electromagnetic oscillograph software to display pressure waveforms. The DS and typically developing children were grouped into each age group and the data were compared between matched-age groups. IP during taking food into the mouth, pressure-time (PT), variation coefficient (VC) of IP during taking food into the mouth and VC of PT were analyzed using the unpaired t-test. Analyses showed a significantly higher IP during taking food into the mouth in the DS population than in the typically developing children in the 2 and 3 year old (P = .042 and .049, respectively) groups. No significant difference was observed between the DS and typically developing groups with respect to PT, VC of IP during taking food into the mouth or VC of PT for any age group. Children with DS showed a process of acquisition of lip closing function during taking food into the mouth similar to the process found in typically developing children, even though children with DS experience developmental retardation in gross motor and cognitive functions.
Building the Next Generation of Airport Systems

In this article, the author explores some of the current problems in airports and air transportation, then makes suggestions for building the next generation of airport systems. The author begins by defining the problem, contending that lack of money is not the main obstacle to creating better airports. Instead, he maintains that deregulation has led to instability and uncertainty in the airline and airport industry, contributing to airport delays, congestion, and aggravations. Economic deregulation of the airlines removed the bureaucratic processes that had guaranteed a highly stable environment for airlines and, in turn, for investment in their facilities at airports. The author uses brief examples from airports and airlines in the United States and Europe, including Kansas City, Southwest Airlines, jetBlue, Ryanair, easyJet, Cincinnati, St. Louis, and Raleigh/Durham, to support his argument. The author concludes by calling for a new approach of strategic thinking and flexible design. System managers must design for the airport system as a whole, rather than continuing to misallocate resources by patching up component parts. Designing for a range of possible scenarios will require flexible components that system managers can adapt to new conditions as they unfold.
AGGREGATE INTERLOCK AT JOINTS IN CONCRETE PAVEMENTS

LOAD TRANSFER ACROSS JOINTS IN CONCRETE PAVEMENTS THROUGH SHEAR DEVELOPED BY INTERLOCKING AGGREGATE WAS INVESTIGATED IN THE LABORATORY BY SIMULATING THE REPETITIVE MOTION OF TANDEM TRUCK WHEELS ACROSS A JOINT. EFFECTIVENESS OF LOAD TRANSFER WAS FOUND TO DEPEND ON LOAD MAGNITUDE, NUMBER OF REPETITIONS, SLAB THICKNESS, JOINT OPENING, SUBGRADE BEARING VALUE, AND AGGREGATE ANGULARITY. A SUMMARY STATISTIC CALLED ENDURANCE INDEX IS USED TO RELATE THE SIGNIFICANT VARIABLES TO TEST PERFORMANCE. /AUTHOR/
High Wire: The Precarious Financial Lives of American Families

The U. S. economy is wrapping up twenty-five years of some of the strongest, smoothest growth in its history-a performance so sweet economists have given it a name: the Great Moderation. So why have so many of us, even those making hundreds of thousands of dollars, arrived at the new century with a gnawing sense that events are moving against our families and ourselves? The easy answer is that were suffering a case of needless anxiety. But the easy answer is wrong. Drawing on interviews with hundreds of Americans and new statistics he developed, Peter Gosselin traces a quarter-century shift of economic risk from the broad shoulders of business and government to the backs of working people. It is a shift that has shaken the pillars of most families lives-stable jobs, solid benefits, government protections. The change doesnt mean one cant prosper. But it does mean the benefits of growth come at greater peril and your financial fall will be steeper if you stumble. This threat to working Americans security-and what to do about it-is a pressing concern to economists, policy-makers, and everyone who works for a living.
YELLOW BAR EXPERIMENTAL CARRIAGEWAY MARKINGS - ACCIDENT STUDY

Analysis of accidents at 42 roundabouts at which yellow bar experimental carriageway markings had been laid on an approach road, showed an over-all reduction in the proportion of speed-related accidents on these approach roads of 57 per cent. The markings appeared to be most effective in reducing fatal and serious injury accidents, whilst still reducing slight injury accidents. They were more effective in daylight than after dark and appeared to be most effective when the road surface was wet, rather than dry. They were highly cost-beneficial and the accident reduction was maintained at seven pilot sites for which data for four years after installation were available. (Author/TRRL)
How to run a video study : technical report of the IPN video study

The main goal of the IPN Video Study is to systematically describe and analyse physics instruction and to investigate its relevance for understanding-oriented learning in the classroom. In the first phase of the IPN Video Study, various guidelines and instruments for data collection were developed and published. In the second phase of the project, a more elaborated approach was realised. This technical report provides an overview of all the tools and methods used in this study. It shows how to run a video study that analyses patterns of instruction and their impact on cognitive as well as motivational-affective learning outcomes. The report includes the documentation of the organisation and realisation of the IPN Video Study. In addition, it provides standardised guidelines for collecting video tapes. Moreover, the technical report presents standardised guidelines for the transcription of video tapes and describes the observation and coding procedures in detail. Finally, this volume reports scale documentations of all tests and questionnaires.
AVAILABILITY OF MODAL BODY MOTIONS FOR ENHANCING HUMAN-FRIENDLY INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS

In everyday human motions they express primary base motions with secondary modification motions affected by their mental and physical conditions. For enhancing human-friendly interactive systems, introduction of human interfaces using body motion understanding and generation may be effective. This study first introduces affective aspects of modal body motions in practical human communications, i.e. interpersonal and man-machine communications, through field observations of human behavior. Then a conceptual framework on human interfaces using human motions is proposed for interactive man-machine systems, and attempts to realize the following mechanisms using intelligent computing are shown. (i) “Human mimetic cognitive mechanism for understanding human motions”: From human motions it can not only distinguish primary motions but also understand mental and physical conditions from secondary modification motions. (ii) “Motion modification mechanism of virtual mannequins”: It makes intellectual machines generate primary base motions modified by secondary motions of virtual mannequins embedded certain mental and physical conditions.
Modeling Assemblies and Interactions at the Replication Fork: Sliding Clamps and Clamp Interacting Enzymes

DNA sliding clamps are structurally conservative toroid-shape proteins that encircle and slide along DNA, serving as scaffold for other functional enzymes to act on DNA and ensuring the replication proccessivity, thereby, of fundamental biological significance across domains of life. Mechanistic details and related functional implications concerning clamp opening, interaction between clamp and clamp-interactive proteins, post-translational modification of sliding clamp remain largely elusive due to technical difficulties in single molecule level manipulations and structural studies on large biological complex. Toward the end of providing a unified molecular-level description on clamp loading that would account for all available experimental observations, we calculated the interface binding energy and depicted the residue pair contributions using MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA calculations to compare the different interfaces of sliding clamps, and dissolved the uncertainty in comparative stability of different sliding clamp interfaces. The possible interface breaking pathways were investigated by sampling the opening state of interfaces using SMD simulations. Functioning as a polymerase accessory factor, sliding clamp associates with the dual enzymatic functional polymerase B (PolB) as DNA replication occurs. The massive conformational switch of PolB between replicating and editing mode is recognized for its functional significance but little is understood in the context of the PCNA/PolB/DNA complex. We integrated the structural informations from individual and binary crystal structures, as well as low-resolution structural information and other functional assay results, to build the complex atomistic models in both modes and refine them through atomistic simulations. The transition process was probed using TMD and ENM to reveal the structural characteristics and determinants of the transition. Sliding clamp is also a master coordinator of cellular responses to DNA damage. Efforts with the same methodology were made on human PCNA/FEN1/DNA ternary complex to investigate the reversible associations of FEN1 to PCNA and the conformational switching leading to exchange of repair intermediates. In the third thrust, we modeled the ubiquitin-modified and SUMO-modified PCNA using protein-protein docking and atomic simulation. Alongside with the SAXS data, our results revealed the structural basis for the distinct functional outcomes upon different posttranslational modification of PCNA. INDEX WORDS: DNA replication, DNA repair, Sliding clamp, Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Polymerase B (PolB), Flap endonuclease-1 (FEN1), MM/PBSA, MM/GBSA, Molecular dynamics (MD), Steered molecule dynamics (SMD), Targeted molecule dynamics (TMD), Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) MODELING ASSEMBLIES AND INTERACTIONS AT THE REPLICATION FORK: SLIDING CLAMPS AND CLAMP INTERACTING ENZYMES
Just Use Distributions: Eliminating The Noise of Sampling-Based Fitness Estimation

This paper uses distributional analysis to disentangle the effects of fitness landscape and stochasticity in Wagner's Gene Regulatory Network Based evolutionary scenario. Further advantages of the analysis include the ability to accurately identify global optima and potential extensions to approximate the distributional fitness more accurately than stochastic sampling at lower computational cost.This is an inital draft, and will be updated as further content is written.
Edison in the Boardroom: How Leading Companies Realize Value from Their Intellectual Assets

Introduction: The Edison Prophecy. Level One--Defensive. Level Two--Cost Control. Level Three--Profit Center. Level Four--Integrated. Level Five--Visionary. The Dow Chemical Company: A Case Study. Appendix A: Mining a Portfolio for Value. Appendix B: Competitive Assessment. Appendix C: Integrated Performance Reporting. Notes. Index.
INFLUENCE OF DIETARY CULTURE MATERIAL CONTAINING AFLATOXIN AND T-2 TOXIN ON GROWTH RATE AND HAEMATOLOGY IN TURKEY POULTS (Meliagridesgallopavo)-BELTSVILLE SMALL WHITE VARIETY

Experimental mycotoxicoses were induced singly and in combination in 48 turkey poults (Beltsville small white) for a period of 0 to 13 weeks by feeding diets containing 100 ppb AF and 1 ppm T-2 toxin.Comparison of weekly mean body weights revealed significant (P<0.05) differences from first week onwards between the control and mycotoxin treated groups. Among the toxin treated groups, the AF group revealed significant (P<0.05) difference during the second week only, T-2 group revealed significant (P<0.05) differences during the third week to sixth week, while AF-T-2 group revealed significant (P<0.05) differences from first week till 13 th week except 8 th and 9 th week. There was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the body weight gain in toxin fed birds when compared to control birds. Significant (P<0.05) differences in feed conversion were observed between the control and toxin treated groups. Significant (P<0.05) decrease in feed conversion efficiency ratio was observed in the toxin treated groups. Blood samples were collected from each group at the end of 49 th and 91 st days of trial to study haematological parameters. The PCV, Hb and TEC values decreased significantly (P<0.05) within toxin fed birds when compared to the control. Comparison of means for erythrocyte indices revealed no significant differences between the control and mycotoxin treated groups except MCV which revealed significant (P<0.05) increase between AF and AF-T-2 toxin group showing a macrocytic normochromic blood picture.
Short-term response of soil greenhouse gas fluxes to alfalfa termination methods in a Mediterranean cropping system

ABSTRACT Soil acts as a natural source and sink for greenhouse gases (GHG) that are responsible for global warming and climate change. As the agricultural sector has an important impact on GHG (e.g., CO2, CH4, N2O) emissions, the definition of mitigation strategies is needed, especially for the Mediterranean climate areas that appear most vulnerable to climate change. The introduction of perennial legumes, such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), falls within this scope, but it requires the application of a termination method aimed at reduction of GHG emissions. With the aim of assessing the short-term effects of two different alfalfa termination methods (Tillage vs No tillage plus herbicide), we defined the hypothesis that alfalfa termination by Tillage will increase soil GHG emissions compared to its termination by No tillage plus herbicide. Soil CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions were monitored over ~2 months (71 days; October–December, 2017) following alfalfa termination, using closed static chambers. The soil total GHG emissions after 71 days were significantly different for Tillage and No tillage plus herbicide: 311.90 ±21.21 versus 195.89 ±11.14 g CO2 equivalent m−2, respectively. For both termination methods, CO2 (up to a maximum value of 1.24 ±0.18 and 0.65± 0.07 kg C-CO2 ha−1 h−1, respectively) was the greatest contributor to the total soil GHG emissions (about 96%), compared to N2O (up to a maximum value of 0.37 ±0.13 and 0.31± 0.10 g N-N2O ha−1 h−1, respectively) and CH4 (up to a maximum value of −0.01 ±0.03 and 0.07 ±0.03 g C-CH4 ha−1 h−1, respectively). These data suggest that over the short term, legume perennial crop termination by No tillage plus herbicide better supports the purpose of climate regulations.
Rehabilitation protocol with or without mobile health in overweight and obese
knee osteoarthritis patients - a pilot study

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative and weight bearing joint disease that resulted from wear and tear of articular cartilage. It is more common in the overweight and obese knee OA patients. The objectives of pilot study were to assess the feasibility, acceptability and challenges of study design, study setting and tools of lower limb rehabilitation protocol among the knee OA patients who are overweight and obese. Twelve overweight and obese knee OA patients attending a Teaching Bay in the Pakistan were enrolled in the study and completed 6 training sessions over 2 weeks. The participants were divided randomly into Intervention Group with Mobile Health (IGW-mH), Intervention Group without Mobile Health (IGWO-mH) and the Control Group (CG). Both intervention groups were provided fifteen days of lower limb rehabilitation protocol but the CG did not. Two text messages per day for three days a week were sent to IGW-mH as a reminder to carry on their training session and instructions of daily care. All participants of intervention groups showed willingness to randomization and adherence to training sessions. The results indicated that eligibility criteria, recruitment rate and randomization procedures were feasible and there were no adverse events from training sessions. The participants demanded Urdu translation and pictures of lower limb rehabilitation protocol. Key words: mobile health technology, overweight, knee, osteoarthritis,
Engineering Education : Research and Development in Curriculum and Instruction

A synthesis of nearly 2,000 articles to help make engineers better educators; While a significant body of knowledge has evolved in the field of engineering education over the years, much of the published information has been restricted to scholarly journals and has not found a broad audience. This publication rectifies that situation by reviewing the findings of nearly 2,000 scholarly articles to help engineers become better educators, devise more effective curricula, and be more effective leaders and advocates in curriculum and research development. ; ; The author's first objective is to provide an illustrative review of research and development in engineering education since 1960. His second objective is, with the examples given, to encourage the practice of classroom assessment and research, and his third objective is to promote the idea of curriculum leadership. ; ; The publication is divided into four main parts:; ; Part I demonstrates how the underpinnings of education—history, philosophy, psychology, sociology—determine the aims and objectives of the curriculum and the curriculum's internal structure, which integrates assessment, content, teaching, and learning; Part II focuses on the curriculum itself, considering such key issues as content organization, trends, and change. A chapter on interdisciplinary and integrated study and a chapter on project and problem-based models of curriculum are included; Part III examines problem solving, creativity, and design
Development Of A Simple Diagnosis Tool For Detecting Localized Roughness Features

The collection of distress data from video imaging of the pavement surface can provide the location and type of many distresses. However, it cannot provide useful information about some distress features such as the magnitude of faulting, breaks and curling in concrete pavements. This report describes a simple tool to extract such information through the use of the raw profile data. Different methods were used in the study, including wavelets, time frequency and discrete methods. The discrete elevation difference method (DED) was selected for faulting and breaks detection, and the discrete slope method (DS) was selected for curling detection. To test the validity of the analysis, surveys were conducted on different sites in Michigan. The new tool was able to detect the magnitude of faulting, breaks and curling with an R2 of 0.97 and standard error (SE) of 0.25 mm. The localization was also highly accurate (R2 =0.99). The results indicate that the methods described above can capture relevant information about these roughness features with reasonable accuracy.
In Silico Identification of Potential Allosteric Inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 Helicase

The COVID-19 pandemic ravages the globe causing unprecedented health and economic challenges. As the world prospects for a cure, scientists are looking critically at strategic protein targets within the SARS-CoV-2 that have therapeutic significance. One of such targets is the Helicase which is an enzyme that affects all aspects of SARS-CoV-2 RNA metabolism. The aim of this study is to identify small molecules from natural products that have strong binding affinity with and inhibitory activity against an allosteric site (Pocket 26) of SARS-CoV-2 Helicase. Pyrx was used for the in silico molecular docking simulations of SARS-CoV-2 Helicase (QHD43415-12.pdb) against a library of small molecules obtained from edible African plants. Triphenylmethane which had a docking score of -7.4 kcal/mol was chosen as a reference molecule. Virtual screening for oral bioavailability was done based on the molecular descriptors of the compounds as provided by Pubchem. SwissADME, pkCSM, and Molinspiration were used for further screening for molar refractivity, saturation, promiscuity, pharmacokinetic properties, and bioactivity respectively. The Galaxy webserver which uses the GROMACS software was used for the molecular dynamic simulation and analyses. The lead compounds are Gibberellin A12, A20 and A51 obtained from Green peas and the Okra plant. Gibberellin A20 and A51 performed better than the standard. Gibberellin A51 is predicted to show the greatest inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 Helicase. It is recommended that the inhibitory activities of the lead compounds be further investigated.
Creating Websites That Work

1. Creating a Portfolio Site The Web Design Process--Creating an Online Portfolio Experience Design Usability Testing Ethics and Credibility Looking Ahead 2. Requirements Gathering Site Owner Business Goals Site Owner Brand Positioning User Goals Technical and Human Resources and Requirements 3. Experience Design Making Sense of Your User Data Experience Design 4. Elements of Effective Visual Design Defining an Overall Look and Feel Creating Page Designs Capturing Design Decisions in a Style Guide Getting Ready to Test 5. Creating Effective Content for the Web Understanding How People Read on the Web Gathering Content Information Keeping Your Content User-Focused Structuring Content Visually Making the Most of Your Online Environment Establishing Credibility Keeping Your Communication Ethical Editing Your Content Testing Your Content for Effectiveness 6. Usability Analysis What Is a Usability Test? The Usability-Testing Process Presenting Results
Fragility Analysis of Water Supply Systems

This report describes a procedure to assess the seismic performance of water supply systems. Seismic hazard models are developed to generate random samples of earthquake activity at both single and multiple sites. Methodologies to obtain the fragility of a given pipeline are developed, including several hazard conditions: continuous and jointed pipelines subjected to seismic waves, pipelines subjected to PGD hazards, and pipelines subjected to fault displacements. Fragility information for other components of the water supply system is obtained from several published sources. These parameters are integrated into an algorithm that uses Monte Carlo simulation to determine the damage states of individual components, and hydraulic analyses to estimate the performance of the damaged water system. The algorithm is applied to a sample water supply system, consisting of a reservoir, pump, water tank and several pipelines, and fragility curves are produced under different limit states. In addition, a procedure to estimate the life cycle damage of a water supply system is presented. Since each type of damage is associated with a cost, the total cost due to seismic hazards during its lifespan can be estimated.