Resilience in Youth: A Literature Review

Intrigued by the individuals among us who have risen above adverse circumstances and experiences to lead contented lives, this thesis is an attempt to unravel the complexities of resilience, particularly as it relates to youth. This thesis explores the resilience phenomenon through an extensive review of the literature, which includes both pioneering work and current studies and findings within the field. Included in this thesis are avenues for future studies as well as suggested applications. In addition specific findings resulting from those studies reviewed are noted. Among the findings, investigators have determined there to be certain protective factors, both biologically and environmentally speaking, which interact to produce resilient manifestations over the course of one’s life. Research also suggests a link between gender and resilience. Further, investigators propose that resilience is not simply an endowed trait but rather an interaction between nature and nurture that can be influenced by one’s will and desire along with a sufficient availability of resources. Resilience is a process which one can self-right like a capsized ship which has been overturned and is capable of righting itself; a process which all humanity can embrace given the opportunity. Resilience transcends restraints placed on individuals through race, social status, past experiences, and geography and plays on the common strings of humanity such as love, connectedness, and a sense of meaning and purpose. RESILIENCE IN YOUTH: A LITERATURE REVIEW 6 Introduction Resilience is a much desired trait which influences some individuals, against all odds, to rise above adverse circumstances and even become some of the strongest voices among us. As a comprehensive literature review, this thesis will be used as an avenue to explore the phenomenon of resilience particularly as it is manifested in youth. The thesis will look at the historical roots of resilience studies, commonalities found among those determined to be resilient, the impact of nature vs. nurture, and suggest practical applications for such knowledge. Through a systematic compilation of past and current resilience studies implications on a personal, communal, and societal level can be made. In gaining an understanding of resilience, one can influence their own future outcomes, impact persons within their sphere of influence, and positively alter current public policy and approach to social injustices. In an ideal world, complete prevention of childhood trauma and maltreatment would be desirable. Unfortunately, completely eliminating adverse childhood experiences for all does not appear to be possible. Therefore, it is important that children are given any and all tools available to counteract the negative effects of trauma and maltreatment. Within this context, resilience can be channeled as a powerful instrument which taps into the power of human plasticity. Implication of such tools is a lofty humanitarian goal yet one which sparks both curiosity and hope within. These tools, in the hands of competent and caring adults, can impact the lives of those children already hurting and children who may face hardships in their future. This would be accomplished by helping to reduce negative impacts of social injustices which children RESILIENCE IN YOUTH: A LITERATURE REVIEW 7 experience and in turn, positively impact their individual life outcomes and society by improving the chances and development of future generations. RESILIENCE IN YOUTH: A LITERATURE REVIEW 8