Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Cognitive Development of Expertise in an ESL Teacher: A Case Study

i Acknowledgments.ii List of Tables.v Chapter 1: Introduction.1 Chapter 2: Review of the Literature.5 2.1: Overview of Teacher Cognition.5 2.1. 1: Attitudes.6 2.1. 2: Beliefs.7 2.2: What Shapes Teacher Cognition? 9 2.2.1: Observations of Previous Teachers and Environments.9 2.2.2: Second Language Learning.10 2.2.3: Teacher Education Courses.10 2.2.4: Teacher Reflection.12 2.2.5: Teaching Context.13 2.3: Change Over Time from Novice to Experienced Teacher.13 2.3.1: Cognitive Development.13 2.3.2: Teacher Concerns.14 2.3.3: Classroom Practices.15 2.3.4: Self-Efficacy.16 2.4: Expertise.17 2.4.1: Overview of Expertise.17 2.4.2: Expertise in Teaching.20 2.5: Limitations of Previous Studies and Further Research.22 2.5.1: Teacher Cognition.22 2.5.2: Teacher Expertise.24 2.6: Research Questions.26 Chapter 3: Methodology.27 3.1: Overall Design.27 3.2: Context of the Study.28 3.3: Participants.29 3.4: Materials.30 3.4.1: Lab School.30 3.4.2: Multimedia Adult English Learner Corpus.31 3.5: Data Collection Procedures.32 3.5.1: Pilot Stage.33 3.5.2: Video-Stimulated Recall.34 3.5.3: Observations.35 3.5. 4: Interviews.36 iv 3.5. 5: Previous Literature.39 3.5. 6: Timing of Data Collection.41 3.5. 7: Summary.42 3.6: Data Analysis Procedures.42 Chapter 4: Results and Discussion.46 4.1: Introduction.46 4.2: Rebecca's Educational Background.47 4.3: Development Over Time: Changes, Modifications, and Adjustments.49 4.3.1: Teaching with Fluidity, Automaticity, and Intuition.49 4.3.2: Confidence.52 4.3.3: Concerns.55 4.3.4: Management of Enthusiasm and Relationships with Students.57 4.3.5: Support and Validation from Colleagues.61 4.3.6: Managing the Classroom for Learning.62 4.4: Development Over Time: Staying the Course.65 4.4.1: Beliefs and Teaching Philosophy.66 4.4.2: Reflection.68 4.4.3: Learning from Past Experiences.70 4.4.4: Knowledge of Lesson Planning and Curricular Goals.72 4.4. 5: Students’ Needs within the Learning Context.74 Chapter 5: Conclusion.78 5.1: Summary of Findings.78 5.2: Limitations.81 5.3: Implications and Suggestions for Future Research.83 References.86 Appendix.93
In Vitro Antiplasmodial Activity of Flower Extracts from combretum leprosum mart (mofumbo)

Malaria is the cause of hundreds of deaths per year , besides putting billions of people at risk of developing disease. When it comes to its therapy, the drugs used currently are losing its efficacy due to increase inn the frequency of resistant strains of the parasite, highlight the importance for the serach of new classes of molecules prsentign antiplasmodial activity. In the present work, the antiplasmodial activities of five extracts from the flowers of Comretum leprosum are described. The method employed for obtaingine the extracts was silica gel column chromatography, and the techniques used for the analysis of antiplasmodial activity and citotoxicity were ELISA and MTT respectively, were a selectivitu index was calculated after the obtainign of these two values. The extract presenting the highest antiplasmodial activity was the chloroform extract, however, this extrac also presented the higther cytotoxicity and therefore the extract presenting the best overall activity was the hexane extract. The study deminstrated the plant Combretum leprosum has active substances against P. falciparum and therefore is a potential to be expored in funther pharmacological studies.
In vitro multiple shoot regeneration from corm bud explant in ghet kachu, typhonium trilobatum schott - a medicinal aroid

An efficient in vitro regeneration protocol was developed in medicinal aroid, Ghetkachu ( Typhonium trilobatum Schott) using field grown corm bud explant. Highest percentage (75 %) of direct multiple shoot regeneration obtained in MS media supplemented with 5.0 mgL -1 BAP + 1.5mg L -1 NAA. Callus formation occur (80 %) in MS media containing 0.5mgL -1 BAP + 2.0mgL -1 NAA. The appearance of calli was white, creamy white light green in colour and the texture of calli were soft, friable and semi hard and compact. Shoot regeneration (85 %) obtained from calli in MS medium having 5.0mgL-1BAP +1.0mgL-1NAA. The regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimatized with loamy fertile soil and survived cent percentage in natural condition. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i2. 11454 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(2) , 211-216, 2012
Biogeochemistry of a large and deep tropical lake (Lake Kivu, East Africa: insights from a stable isotope study covering an annual cycle

Abstract. During this study, we investigated the seasonal variability of the concentration and the stable isotope composition of several inorganic and organic matter (OM) reservoirs in the large, oligotrophic and deep tropical Lake Kivu (East Africa). Data were acquired over 1 year at a fortnightly temporal resolution. The δ13C signature of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) increased linearly with time during the rainy season, then suddenly decreased during the dry season due to vertical mixing with 13C-depleted DIC waters. The δ13C signature of the particulate organic carbon pool (POC) revealed the presence of a consistently abundant methanotrophic biomass in the oxycline throughout the year. We also noticed a seasonal shift during the dry season toward higher values in the δ15N of particulate nitrogen (PN) in the mixed layer and δ15N-PN was significantly related to the contribution of cyanobacteria to the phytoplankton assemblage, suggesting that rainy season conditions could be more favourable to atmospheric nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. Finally, zooplankton were slightly enriched in 13C compared to the autochthonous POC pool, and the δ15N signature of zooplankton followed well the seasonal variability in δ15N-PN, consistently 3.0 ± 1.1 ‰ heavier than the PN pool. Together, δ13C and δ15N analysis suggests that zooplankton directly incorporate algal-derived OM in their biomass, and that they rely almost exclusively on this source of OM throughout the year in general agreement with the very low allochthonous OM inputs from rivers in Lake Kivu.
A Dependency Graph Generation Process for Cli- ent-side Web Applications

The prolific growth of the Internet density has replaced native applications with web based applications. Current trend of web applications is moving towards fat client architecture, which results in a large codebase of the client side of web applications. Manual management of this huge code is tedious and time consuming for developers. We present a technique to construct a dependency graph to provide an overview of the code showing the inter-dependency of the code elements. We conduct a dynamic analysis to make the JavaScript call graph to address the dynamic nature of JavaScript. We further integrate HTML and CSS with the JavaScript call graph to make a dependency graph. Because we can accurately identify the HTML and CSS relations, the result of the dependency graph depends on the JavaScript call graph. Our evaluation of the JavaScript call graph on six web applications demonstrates that the precision is high for the large applications and relatively low for small applications. The recall is low for large applications and relatively higher for small applications.
Motion Constraints and Trajectory Planning of a Planar Active Dynamic Balancing Mechanism

We propose a new solution to the active balancing issue under mechanical structural constraint. A dynamic model of the 3-DOF active balancer is established considering the limitations of the mechanical construction due to the lengths of the sliding rails. A methodology for the collision-avoidance trajectory planning is presented in addition to the normal trajectory planning to design the collision-free active balancing strategy. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effect of the parameter constrains as well as verify the effectiveness and necessity of trajectory planning.
Visualization Resources: To Better Utilize Lab-Time and to Enhance Teaching Introductory Chemistry Laboratory

This study investigates the importance of visualization resources to help students for mental preparation and laboratory-time utilization. The results of experimental and control groups showed that students’ understanding of the concepts and experimental procedures improves after reviewing the visualization resources (t=8.52 for quizzes and 4.31 for reports, p 0.001, effect size=1.2). The results of the study suggested that the resources could serve as a mental preparation tool.
Authentic leadership, trust and followers´ emotions:: the experience of HRMs during organizational change processes

A pesar del creciente interes, aun no se han investigado apenas los antecedentes de las emociones en contextos de cambio organizacional. En un intento por realizar una contribucion a la bibliografia existente, hemos analizado la experiencia de 102 directores de recursos humanos en Espana mediante modelos de ecuaciones estructurales basados en minimos cuadrados parciales. Los resultados muestran que el liderazgo autentico influye en la confianza y las emociones positivas de los seguidores. Ademas, la confianza actua de mediador en la relacion entre liderazgo autentico y emociones negativas.
The Making Of Contemporary Australian Monetary Policy - Forward Or Backward Looking?

Monetary authorities rarely disclose their true reasons for their policy reactions. Tracing the policy reaction function to see if the monetary authority is using simple rules would offer profound insight into the past behavioral relationship between the monetary authority and economic agencies. A reasonable body of knowledge about the direction of monetary policy would assist economic agencies’ expectations, which would in turn, be useful for the monetary authority in anticipating the likely trends for the general economy. The main objective of this study is to extend de Brouwer and Gilbert (2005) as from the Australian financial deregulation era (from 1983 to 2002) to the present. Empirical findings show that the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) is forward looking when formulating monetary policy rather than backward looking, and that inflation targeting plays a significant role in stabilizing the output of the economy.
Development of a Methodology to Assess Mechanical Impulse Effects Resulting from Lightning Attachment to Lightweight Aircraft Structures

The effect of lightning attachment to structures and vehicles is a cause of major concern to a number of different industries, in particular the aerospace industry, where the consequences of such an event can be catastrophic. In 1963, a Boeing 707 was brought down in Maryland killing 81 people on board, triggering the improvement of lightning protection standards. However, commercial jets are still struck on average once every 10,000 hours of flight time and between 1963 and 1989 forty lightning related accidents were recorded within the U.S.A alone. The rapid increase in the use of composite materials in aircraft design and the consequent increase in complexity when determining the effects of a lightning strike, has led to new challenges in aircraft protection and the requirement for improved understanding and standardisation.
An analytical solution for describing the transient temperature distribution in an aquifer thermal energy storage system

A mathematical model is developed for predicting the temperature distribution in an aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) system, which consists of a confined aquifer bounded from above and below by the rocks of different geological properties. The main transfer processes of heat include the conduction and advection in the aquifer and the conduction in the rocks. The semi‐analytical solution in dimensionless form for the model is developed by Laplace transforms and its corresponding time‐domain solution is evaluated by the modified Crump method. Field geothermal property data are used to simulate the temperature distribution in an ATES system. The results show that the heat transfer in the aquifer is fast and has a vast effect on the vicinity of the wellbore. However, the aquifer temperature decreases with increasing radial and vertical distances. The temperature in the aquifer may be overestimated when ignoring the effect of thermal conductivity. The temperature distribution in an ATES system depends on the vertical thermal conduction in the rocks and the horizontal advection and thermal conduction in the aquifer. The present solution is useful in designing and simulating the heat injection facility in the ATES systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Purification of Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) Gut Specific Cysteine Protease Inhibitor(s) From Rapeseed

The aim of the present work was to purify cysteine protease inhibitors from rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), with potential activity on digestive protease of Colorado Potato Beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). Ammonium sulfate precipitated proteinaceous fractions; 30, 50, 70, and 100% showed 39.07, 57.03, 51.47, and 22.44% inhibition on the fourth instar larval gut general protease activity, respectively. Fraction 50% showed the highest inhibitory effect on digestive general protease activity of all developmental stages. Gel assays approved the inhibition of the enzyme activity. Fraction 50% was purified by using various chromatography techniques; ion-exchange using DEAE, gel filtration and affinity using SiO2-CPB larval gut homogenate. Three peaks of protein were eluted from ion exchange chromatography using NaCl step gradient, also from gel filtration chromatography. When Z-Ala-Arg-Arg-4mßNA was used as cysteine protease substrate, the purification fold of second fraction of ion exchange chromatography was obtained 24.80, also the yield was 59.09%, the third fraction of gel permeation resulted in a 25.60 fold purification with 28.53% of recovery, and the fraction of affinity chromatography obtained a 22.72 fold purification and yielded 36.35%. In the SDS-PAGE, apparent molecular mass of purified proteins were 34 and 32 kDa by ion-exchange and 24 and 22 kDa by affinity. However, gel filtration was not an appropriate method in this study, because the purified protein band(s) were not observed on the gel. Consequently, these chromatography methods were appropriate methods to purification of inhibitor cystatins, specially affinity which was prepared by using CPB gut enzyme as ligand and obtained specific inhibitor proteins of CPB gut protease activity.
Factor analysis of crisis emergence in family relations, contributing to the development of dyscirculatory encephalopathy

We examined the application of factor analysis for studying risk factors of crisis development in family relations, which can lead to dyscirculatory encephalopathy. Data of the study make it possible to reveal at early stages the occurrence and development of discirculatory encephalopathy, which subsequently will help to reveal the development of cerebrovascular pathologies, which lead to invaliding and even mortality. Using a factor analysis, we obtained a mathematical model with the help of which it is possible to reveal emotional and cognitive disorders, which lead to the development of dyscirculatory encephalopathy in patients who live in the crisis-prone families. The factors that make it possible to determine the psycho-correction targets, which include personal qualities and the factors, conditionally related to the family crisis block, were revealed. The information feature space, used in the study, was decreased, which makes it possible to reduce the time for conducting a patient’s examination. A mathematical model proposed is of practical interest and may be used for the diagnosis and prediction of development of cerebrovascular diseases. Results, obtained in present study, might be useful for neuropathists, psychiatrists and psychologists who work with the crisis-prone families, as well as for specialists in the field of mathematical modeling of the processes, which may be defined as "weakly formalized".
Tracking the Time Course of Bayesian Inference With Event-Related Potentials:A Study Using the Central Cue Posner Paradigm

In this study, we asked whether the event-related potentials associated to cue and target stimuli of a Central Cue Posner Paradigm (CCPP) may encode key parameters of Bayesian inference – prior expectation and surprise – on a trial-by-trial basis. Thirty-two EEG channel were recorded in a sample of 19 young adult subjects while performing a CCPP, in which a cue indicated (validly or invalidly) the position of an incoming auditory target. Three different types of blocks with validities of 50%, 64%, and 88%, respectively, were presented. Estimates of prior expectation and surprise were obtained on a trial-by-trial basis from participants’ responses, using a computational model implementing Bayesian learning. These two values were correlated on a trial-by-trial basis with the EEG values in all the electrodes and time bins. Therefore, a Spearman correlation metrics of the relationship between Bayesian parameters and the EEG was obtained. We report that the surprise parameter was able to classify the different validity blocks. Furthermore, the prior expectation parameter showed a significant correlation with the EEG in the cue-target period, in which the Contingent Negative Variation develops. Finally, in the post-target period the surprise parameter showed a significant correlation in the latencies and electrodes in which different event-related potentials are induced. Our results suggest that Bayesian parameters are coded in the EEG signals; and namely, the CNV would be related to prior expectation, while the post-target components P2a, P2, P3a, P3b, and SW would be related to surprise. This study thus provides novel support to the idea that human electrophysiological neural activity may implement a (Bayesian) predictive processing scheme.
Applying QFD to improve the requirements and project management in small-scale project

University of Tampere Department of Computing Sciences Terhi Kivinen: Applying QFD to improve the requirements and project management in small-scale project Master's Thesis, 67 pages, 6 appendix pages May 2008 Quality is one of the key factors in software engineering business. Since errors, defects and deficiencies in requirements cost considerably more to correct than errors of later phases of software development there is a lot of interest to improve the quality of requirements. This master's thesis introduces Quality Function Deployment (QFD) matrix tool as a method to improve the quality of requirements and help project management in a smallscale project. QFD is a method of customer oriented product development and it has been used a lot in various industries. In the theoretical discussion part of thesis different concepts connected to the quality of software are presented and their characteristics are discussed especially from point of view of a small project. The empirical part of this study describes first a study case of a software project called Code register. The scope of the project was to rebuild a Code register -software used in a large public administration organization in Finland. Secondly the empirical part concentrates on using QFD in requirements analysis and describing the result of using it.
Evaluation of Different Loudness Models with Music and Speech Material

The evaluation of twelve models of loudness perception is presented. One of the loudness models is based on a novel algorithm, and another is based on a combination of two known measurement techniques. The remaining models are all implementations of common or standardized loudness algorithms. The ability of each model to predict or measure the subjective loudness of speech and music segments is evaluated. The reference loudness is derived from two listening experiments using the speech and music segments as stimuli. Different statistical measures are employed in the evaluation of the models, so that both the absolute performance of the models and the performance relative to the between-listener disagreement are measured.
Sefton Coast's vulnerability to coastal flooding using DEM data

A preliminary analysis of the vulnerability of the Sefton coast to coastal flooding was carried out using a high-resolution DEM and census data from 2011. Results indicate that up to 12,500 people live within areas below the significant dune erosion level. Low-lying areas are clustered in two main locations, the South Formby / Hightown and Southport. High dunes from 15 to 35 m high are common in the central part of the Sefton Coast, including Formby Point and Ainsdale. This highlights the significance of the Sefton dune field system as a potential defence mechanism against coastal erosion and flooding, and the need to consider management schemes that would allow the dunes to adapt to sea level rise and climate change.
Image tagging with an ensemble of deep convolutional neural networks

We present a method for image tagging, i.e. assigning a set of tags/labels to an image. Three popular architectures of deep convolutional neural networks were used: VGG16, Inception-V3, and ResNet-50, which were pretrained on the ImageNet data set for a classification problem, and then fine-tuned on the HARRISON data set for the image tagging problem. The final model consists of an ensemble of these three convolutional neural networks, whose outputs were combined by different methods: averaging, voting, union, intersection and by two-layer feedforward neural network. We verified these models on the hashtag recommendation for images from social network task, with a predefined set of 50 possible hashtags. All of the models were evaluated using the following metrics: precision, recall and F1-measure.
Remarks to study about distribution of DNA-knot by use of Jones polynomial of topological invariant (Theory of Biomathematics and its Applications VI)

In this paper, a finer mechanism of transcription process of gene as a cost-saving and resourcesaving transportation system of codewords information is investigated by studying distribution of the DNA knots by use of topological invariants to $\lambda$ phage $s$ stmctural operation as one of interesting examples. This work is just a finer mathematical analysis to the mechanism by use of topological invariants, but better understanding makes better using, and moreover, it is known that there are some cases in which some pieces of global topological information is very important for transcription process. To use the topological invariants has another important point, because it makes the simulation time be shorter and will be able to make simulation itself be precise even in the case of big crossing number. We use two types of topological invariants: Alexander polynomials and Jones polynomials. Generally speaking, Alexander polynomials are easy to use, but have lower separating ability. On the other haiid, Jones polynomials are somewhat difficult to utilize, but have finer separating ability. We compare the results gotten by both ways of simulations to discuss about both advantages and disadvantage to suggest that they should be used according to the objectives. Moreover, these results are compared with the actual biochemical experimental results to make an interpretation to what happens in the cell, and we will state perspectives in the future.