Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laboratory evolution of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae x S. eubayanus hybrid under simulated lager-brewing conditions: genetic diversity and phenotypic convergence

Saccharomyces pastorianus lager-brewing yeasts are domesticated hybrids of S. cerevisiae x S. eubayanus that display extensive inter-strain chromosome copy number variation and chromosomal recombinations. It is unclear to what extent such genome rearrangements are intrinsic to the domestication of hybrid brewing yeasts and whether they contribute to their industrial performance. Here, an allodiploid laboratory hybrid of S. cerevisiae and S. eubayanus was evolved for up to 418 generations on wort under simulated lager-brewing conditions in six independent sequential batch bioreactors. Characterization of 55 single-cell isolates from the evolved cultures showed large phenotypic diversity and whole-genome sequencing revealed a large array of mutations. Frequent loss of heterozygosity involved diverse, strain-specific chromosomal translocations, which differed from those observed in domesticated, aneuploid S. pastorianus brewing strains. In contrast to the extensive aneuploidy of domesticated S. pastorianus strains, the evolved isolates only showed limited (segmental) aneuploidy. Specific mutations could be linked to calcium-dependent flocculation, loss of maltotriose utilisation and loss of mitochondrial activity, three industrially relevant traits that also occur in domesticated S. pastorianus strains. This study indicates that fast acquisition of extensive aneuploidy is not required for genetic adaptation of S. cerevisiae x S. eubayanus hybrids to brewing environments. In addition, this work demonstrates that, consistent with the diversity of brewing strains for maltotriose utilization, domestication under brewing conditions can result in loss of this industrially relevant trait. These observations have important implications for the design of strategies to improve industrial performance of novel laboratory-made hybrids.
Individual differences in visual salience vary along semantic dimensions

Significance To see clearly, humans have to constantly move their eyes and bring objects of interest to the center of gaze. Vision scientists have tried to understand this selection process, modelling the “typical observer. ” Here, we tested individual differences in the tendency to fixate different types of objects embedded in natural scenes. Fixation tendencies for faces, text, food, touched, and moving objects varied up to two- or threefold. These differences were present from the first eye movement after image onset and highly consistent across images and time. They predicted related perceptual skills and replicated across observer samples. This suggests individual gaze behavior is organized along semantic dimensions of biological significance, shaping the subjective way in which we see the world. What determines where we look? Theories of attentional guidance hold that image features and task demands govern fixation behavior, while differences between observers are interpreted as a “noise-ceiling” that strictly limits predictability of fixations. However, recent twin studies suggest a genetic basis of gaze-trace similarity for a given stimulus. This leads to the question of how individuals differ in their gaze behavior and what may explain these differences. Here, we investigated the fixations of >100 human adults freely viewing a large set of complex scenes containing thousands of semantically annotated objects. We found systematic individual differences in fixation frequencies along six semantic stimulus dimensions. These differences were large (>twofold) and highly stable across images and time. Surprisingly, they also held for first fixations directed toward each image, commonly interpreted as “bottom-up” visual salience. Their perceptual relevance was documented by a correlation between individual face salience and face recognition skills. The set of reliable individual salience dimensions and their covariance pattern replicated across samples from three different countries, suggesting they reflect fundamental biological mechanisms of attention. Our findings show stable individual differences in salience along a set of fundamental semantic dimensions and that these differences have meaningful perceptual implications. Visual salience reflects features of the observer as well as the image.
Entrepreneurship Education for Women—European Policy Examples of Neoliberal Feminism?

Abstract Entrepreneurship education is seen as a way to get more women into their own businesses. This paper reports on pedagogical interventions designed to accomplish this. Policies on entrepreneurship education produced by the European Union from 2004 to 2018 were categorized according to the research questions: How are women to be educated? What subjects should be taught? And by whom? Policy analysis combined with a neoliberal feminist perspective was applied to understand why entrepreneurship education has not been as successful as expected. Findings show that the ideal teacher is a female entrepreneur whose knowledge just needs to be copied by the students. What is seen as useful knowledge is ideologically selected, including ways of thinking and behaving. According to policy analysis with emphasis on neoliberal feminism, the focus of the policies are not primarily about getting more women into self-employment, but an ideological education about how to think and behave “right. ”
The Application of Radial Basis Network Model, GIS, and Spectral Reflectance Band Recognition for Runoff Calculation

Received: 13 March 2020 Accepted: 10 June 2020 Runoff estimation in a watershed is very important for efficient management of scarce water resources. Soil information is essential information for runoff estimation. Data collecting and determination of soil textural classification for large territory using the traditional method, i.e. laboratory testing is time-consuming and costly. Therefore, this study suggested a model based on the combination of Radial Basis Neural Network (RBNN) model, Geographic Information System (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS) and field data to create a digital soil map. This model was studied as a case study in western Iraq, and it was tested using performance parameters. The findings of this model were further confirmed using the hydrological soil group developed by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The adopted model has been successful in predicting the spatial distribution of clay soil, followed by both silt and sand. It was also noted that the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) for clay, silt and sand is 4.2 percent, 9.5 percent and 11.0 percent respectively, while the highest value was for the coefficient of clay soil correlation (0.749). Furthermore, there are only four samples out of 25 that have minor variations in the estimated and measured soil texture category defined by USGS. The methodology adopted in this study is therefore well practical for soil classification. Additionally, a broad scale will produce high-quality runoff measurement.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Helice Sheni and its phylogenetic implication

Abstract In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Helice sheni was amplified and analyzed. The mitogenome is 16,062 bp in length, encoding the standard set of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and one control region. The nucleotide frequency of the mitogenome is as follows: A, 34.81%; C, 23.24%; G, 12.68%; and T, 29.25%. Eight overlapping areas and 22 intergenic spacers were found in the complete mitogenome. The typical initiation codon (ATT) and stop codon (TAA) were observed in eight genes, respectively. The phylogenetic tree indicates that Helicana wuana is closely related to H. sheni.
‘The Rif again!’ popular uprisings and resurgent violence in post-transitional Morocco

ABSTRACT Since 2016, the Moroccan Rif has witnessed an intense movement of protest following the death of a local fishmonger, inexplicably crushed in a garbage truck. The event has been immediately designated as a ‘crime’ and inscribed within the historical intrigue of human rights violations. The political power’s attitudes toward the movement are likewise considered reminiscent of this violent past, despite a politics of reconciliation implemented so that this ‘will never happen again’. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on this embodied feeling of ‘continuity’. The analysis concerns two interrelated temporalities. It refers, first, to the hogging intrusion of a ‘non-pacified’ memory of the past violence, which seriously impedes the work of mourning. The second one refers to the state rebounding violence. In addition to multiple forms of violations, ‘separatism’ is mobilised as a discursive politics to incriminate protest and, hence, to legitimate recourse to repression. We argue that ‘separatism’ is not an issue of cultural structure (or habitus) but rather that of political manipulation of dissensual belongings by the power-system, in order to displace the criminality from its centre to the margins, thereby failing to provide the nation with a ‘renewed ethos’ based on justice and accountability.
THE USE OF COMPUTER SIMULATIONS AS AN INTERVENTION TO ADDRESS MISCONCEPTIONS OF GRADE 11 PHYSICAL SCIENCES LEARNERS IN SOUTH AFRICAN TOWNSHIP SCHOOLS

This study examined the affordances of the use of computer simulations as an intervention to address acid-base misconceptions of grade 11 Physical Sciences learners in South African township schools. Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) framework was invoked to provide valuable insights into the efficacy of computer simulations as an innovative intervention to address misconceptions associated with acids and bases. The study adopted a mixed-method approach located within a case study design and involved purposively selected grade 11 Physical Sciences learners from two South African township schools. Quantitative data was collected by administering Acids-Bases Chemistry Achievement Test developed by Damanhuri, Treagust, Won and Chandrasegaran (2016) as part of a control group-experimental group design. Qualitative data was collected through semi-structured interviews with the participants. Findings revealed significant differences between pre-test and post-test scores as a result of the implementation of virtual laboratory simulations as a remedial intervention. The results showed that the post-test mean score was significantly higher (M = 38, SD =14) than the pre-test mean score (M = 26, SD =10) for the experimental group. There was no significant difference between the post-test mean score (M = 32, SD = 13) and the pre-test mean score (M = 30, SD = 11) for the control group. Elicited responses indicated that learners perceived the use of virtual laboratory simulations as a useful alternative means to demystify abstract scientific concepts associated with acids and bases as a Physical Sciences key knowledge area. In addition, the learners demonstrated fundamental appreciation of the affordances of virtual laboratory simulations as an innovative intervention to address misconceptions. The use of virtual laboratory simulations was largely perceived to provide meaningful opportunities for self-directed learning. However, the learners indicated that virtual laboratory simulations cannot supersede the experiences provided by traditional science laboratories in view of their critical role in the development of science process skills. Theoretical implications for meaningful development of technology-enhanced learning are discussed.
Evaluation of Using Natural Fillers to Improve Moisture Damage Resistance and the Use of Pull-Off Tensile Test in Determining Moisture Damage Resistance in Asphalt Mixture

Moisture is one of the critical failures affecting asphalt pavement. It has been recently found that moisture created by rainwater and undrained water deteriorate the bonding interface between asphalt mastic and aggregate. Using different mineral fillers can lead to different moisture resistance in the same mix design. Nowadays, waste natural materials allow agriculturists to receive more income by recycling in many industries. In this study, the researchers adopted bagasse and coconut peat grinding into very fine particle passing through the sieve number 200 (0.075 mm) to replace the mineral fillers. Although the indirect tensile strength (ITS) test is commonly used for evaluating the moisture damage resistance of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) in a laboratory, there are some shortcomings in using this test, such as costly, heavy and indirect equipment. Another potential test that is likely to be more advantageous than the ITS test for evaluating the moisture damage resistance is the pull-off tensile strength (POTS) test. However, it is typically measured on a concrete surface, and no results using an asphalt mixture have been reported. The objectives in this study were to investigate the effects of waste natural fillers in asphalt mixture on adhesive bonding caused by moisture, and to determine whether the POTS test is a potential method in measuring moisture damage resistance in a laboratory. Results showed that the tensile strength ratios (TSR) of asphalt mixture with bagasse and coconut peat fillers are approximately equivalent to those with mineral fillers. Results also showed that asphalt mixtures with bagasse and coconut peat fillers can effectively prevent the moisture damage resistance. In addition, with the preliminary result, it was found that the POTS test showed a very good R square (R2) for a relation of TSR with the ITS test. As a result, the POTS can be a valid tool of quantifying moisture damage resistance with better simulating to field behavior, lower cost of equipment, and light weight.
Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial genome of Aspergillus cristatus

Abstract Aspergillus cristatus are the dominantly present microorganisms in dark tea. The whole mitochondrial genome sequence of A. cristatus was sequenced and reported in this study. The mitochondrial genome in A. cristatushas a full length of 77,649 bp, which is reported to be the longest among the mitochondrial genomes of Aspergillus species. The basesincluding A (34.14％), T (37.64％), C (15.61％) and G (12.61％) are found in their genome. A total of 42 genes (15 protein-coding genes, lrRNA/srRNA and 25 tRNAs) are encoded by the mitochondrial genome of this fungus. Phylogenetic analysis showed a closest relationship betweenA. pseudoglaucusand the taxonomic status of A. cristatus.
SYNTHESIS AND DOCKING STUDIES OF NOVEL TETRAHYDROQUINAZOLINE DERIVATIVE AS PROMISING SCAFFOLD FOR ACETYLCHOLINE ESTERASE INHIBITION

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. While pathological hallmarks of this disorder are known, the exact cause of AD remains unclear. Quinazoline was found to be a promising scaffold for the design and development of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. In this study we report the synthesis of 1'-methyl-3', 4'-dihydro1'H-spiro[cyclopentane-1, 2'-quinazoline] (4) in 73.3% yield. The structure of compound 4 was confirmed with GC-MS, 1H and 13C-NMR. Acetylcholine esterase inhibition was studied virtually with docking into AChE active site and suggests potential use of 4 as a promising scaffold for acetylcholine esterase inhibitor design which might be useful for Alzheimer’s disease.
Overtourism in Dubrovnik in the eyes of local tourism employees: A qualitative study

Abstract This article implies a qualitative methodological approach and has a focus on the local tourism employees in Dubrovnik and their perception of overtourism. The empirical data are based on 12 days’ field observation in July 2018, and 18 e-mail interviews with local tourism employees. The data analysis method has been thematic analysis. The interviewees show a high level of awareness and concern about the problem. Overcrowding, traffic congestion, various physical damages, displacement of locals in Old Town, low quality of tourist experiences and lower quality of life for locals, increased prices are among problems caused by overtourism in Dubrovnik. Factors related to seasonality, physical geographic conditions, cruise ships are the most problem makers and the interviewees prefer tourists that stay overnight. Their most frequent solution suggestions are reduction of the number of cruise ships followed by stricter rules of the establishment and of quality for accommodations, caterings and shops.
Increased influence of periphery on central visual processing in humans during walking

Cognitive processes are almost exclusively investigated under highly controlled settings while voluntary body movements are suppressed. However, recent animal work suggests differences in sensory processing between movement states by showing drastically changed neural responses in early visual areas between locomotion and stillness. Does locomotion also modulate visual cortical activity in humans and what are its perceptual consequences? Here, we present converging neurophysiological and behavioural evidence that walking leads to an increased influence of peripheral stimuli on central visual input. This modulation of visual processing due to walking is encompassed by a change in alpha oscillations, which is suggestive of an attentional shift to the periphery during walking. Overall, our study shows that strategies of sensory information processing can differ between movement states. This finding further demonstrates that a comprehensive understanding of human perception and cognition critically depends on the consideration of natural behaviour.
Advances of the Flowering Genes of Gymnosperms

Flowering is an important stage in the life cycle of plants and also a turning point from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. This process is affected by many exogenous and endogenous factors. Some examples of the latter are endogenous hormones, plant growth status, nutrient composition, and flowering regulatory genes. Many gymnosperms have a long juvenile period. Previous studies attempted to shorten this period using traditional asexual propagation methods, but significant results have not been achieved. In recent years, molecular biology is used to study the flowering regulatory gene to obtain transgenic plants with early flowering trait. Thus, the production of gymnosperms is hastened, and economic efficiency is improved. Studies have shown that the flowering genes of plants act synergistically to form a complex network. In this paper, we reviewed the recent development in the study of the regulation of the flowering genes of gymnosperms, that is, from the floral meristem-specific gene, floral organ-specific gene, genes that inhibit plant flowering, and microRNA regulation of flowering. We provide a reference for the in-depth study on the genetic improvement of the flowering gene.
Three-Level Hierarchical Linear Modeling Analyses of the Relationship Between Political Culture and Teacher Autonomy

Research suggests that the limits of teacher autonomy are defined by educational policies. Educational policies, however, are driven by political culture. This study examines the relationship between teacher autonomy and political culture and how this relationship varies with teacher and school characteristics. Using the 2011–2012 Schools and Staffing Survey, the three-level hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analysis demonstrates that political culture was significantly associated with teacher autonomy. According to Elazar’s three-part cultural typology, the moralistic culture is associated with a higher level of teacher autonomy, the traditionalistic culture is associated with lower levels of teacher autonomy, and the individualistic culture is in-between. Also, the more traditionalistic the culture, the stronger the association between positive school climate and teacher autonomy. As teacher autonomy relates positively to teacher job satisfaction and retention, this study suggests that policy makers consider a moralistic approach in creating educational policies.
Developing Critical Thinking Skills in High Ability Adolescents: Effects of a Debate and Argument Analysis Curriculum

This study evaluated the impact of a debate intervention on students’ critical thinking. The design-based research project included a quasi-experimental, one group pre-test, post-test design. Results indicated small effect sizes on critical thinking using the Cornell Critical Thinking Test-Level X (d = 0.40) and an assessment of argument analysis (d = 0.41). High-ability students en-tered the project with stronger critical thinking than general-education stu-dents (d = .82; d = .41), and high-ability students appeared to benefit more from the intervention as the performance gaps increased in the post-test phase (d = 1.08; d = .80) suggesting possible aptitude-treatment interactions or the Matthew effect. Qualitative data indicated that students learned to (a) think on the spot, (b) analyze arguments, (c) see other perspectives, and (d) construct counter-arguments. This study corroborates previous research that indicated a relationship between high ability and critical thinking.
Thermophysical Properties of Newly Synthesized Ammonium-Based Protic Ionic Liquids: Effect of Temperature, Anion and Alkyl Chain Length

Ionic liquids which are often classified as low melting point salts have received significant attention from research groups and industries to be used in a wide range of applications. Many of these applications require thorough knowledge on the thermophysical properties of the ionic liquids before utilizing their full potentials in various fields. In this work, a series of alkylammonium cation and carboxylate anion-based room temperature protic ionic liquids (PILs) were synthesized by varying length of alkyl chain of the cation from diethyl to dibutyl combined with pentanoate, hexanoate and heptanoate anions. These ammonium-based PILs named as diethylammonium pentanoate [DEA][C5], diethylammonium hexanoate [DEA][C6], diethylammonium heptanoate [DEA][C7], dibutylammonium pentanoate [DBA][C5], dibutylammonium hexanoate [DBA][C6] and dibutylammonium heptanoate [DBA][C7] were characterized using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The thermophysical properties of the PILs namely density, dynamic viscosity and refractive index were measured and analyzed. Density, ρ and dynamic viscosity, η were determined at T = (293.15 to 363.15) K and refractive index, nD was measured at T = (293.15 to 333.15) K. The fitting parameters are proposed for the empirical correlations of density, dynamic viscosity and refractive index. The values of thermal expansion coefficient, αp, molecular volume, Vm, standard entropy, S° and lattice potential energy, Upot also have been calculated by using the specified equations. The thermal decomposition temperature, Td was also determined using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) while the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique provided the glass transition, Tg, melting point, Tm and crystallization, Tc temperatures of the PILs. The experimental results revealed that the dependency of the experimental values namely the ρ, η, nD, and Td on the alkyl chain of the anion, size of the cations and the temperature of measurement.