Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cell cycle transcription control: DREAM/MuvB and RB-E2F complexes

Abstract The precise timing of cell cycle gene expression is critical for the control of cell proliferation; de-regulation of this timing promotes the formation of cancer and leads to defects during differentiation and development. Entry into and progression through S phase requires expression of genes coding for proteins that function in DNA replication. Expression of a distinct set of genes is essential to pass through mitosis and cytokinesis. Expression of these groups of cell cycle-dependent genes is regulated by the RB pocket protein family, the E2F transcription factor family, and MuvB complexes together with B-MYB and FOXM1. Distinct combinations of these transcription factors promote the transcription of the two major groups of cell cycle genes that are maximally expressed either in S phase (G1/S) or in mitosis (G2/M). In this review, we discuss recent work that has started to uncover the molecular mechanisms controlling the precisely timed expression of these genes at specific cell cycle phases, as well as the repression of the genes when a cell exits the cell cycle.
Sustaining High-Quality Teaching and Evidence-Based Curricula: Follow-Up Assessment of Teachers in the REDI Project

Research Findings: Recent research has validated the power of evidence-based preschool interventions to improve teaching quality and promote child school readiness when implemented in the context of research trials. However, very rarely are follow-up assessments conducted with teachers in order to evaluate the maintenance of improved teaching quality or sustained use of evidence-based curriculum components after the intervention trial. In the current study, we collected follow-up assessments of teachers 1 year after their involvement in the REDI (REsearch-based, Developmentally Informed) research trial to evaluate the extent to which intervention teachers continued to implement the REDI curriculum components with high quality and to explore possible preintervention predictors of sustained implementation. In addition, we conducted classroom observations to determine whether general improvements in the teaching quality of intervention teachers (relative to control group teachers) were sustained. Results indicated sustained high-quality implementation of some curriculum components (the Promoting Alternative THinking Strategies curriculum) but decreased implementation of other components (the language/literacy components). Sustained intervention effects were evident on most aspects of general teaching quality targeted by the intervention. Practice or Policy: Implications for practice and policy are discussed.
Challenges and Successes in Recruiting Firefighters for Hearing Loss Prevention Research

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a significant occupational health problem in the United States, affecting more than 1 million firefighters. Noise hazards include vehicles, sirens, and power tools. Additionally, firefighters are commonly exposed to ototoxic chemicals. Because the use of hearing protection is not universally required for firefighters, firefighters must be educated about NIHL to ensure they take personal responsibility for hearing loss prevention. This study discusses challenges associated with recruiting firefighters to participate in a randomized, controlled trial testing a web-based hearing protection training program. Successful recruitment strategies included collaboration with key stakeholders, a flexible and convenient computer-based intervention, expansion to multiple recruitment sites, and interactive outreach to potential participants. Future research should use quantitative methods to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of specific recruitment strategies to facilitate firefighter enrollment in research studies. Developing and testing effective hearing protection interventions for firefighters is a crucial first step toward preventing NIHL in this population.
CAROTENOIDS OF SIPHONOUS GREEN ALGAE: A CHEMOTAXONOMICAL STUDY

The carotenoid pigments of 50 species of 9 siphonean orders were investigated. The algae of all orders contain the principal carotenoids known from other green algae: α‐ and β‐carotene, lutein, lutein epoxide, violaxanthin, and neoxanthin. Additionally, in some Siphonodadales siphonaxanthin is present, in the Derbesiales, Codiales, and Caulerpales both siphonaxanthin and its ester siphonein are present, whereas in the Dichotomosiphonales only the ester siphonein can be found. The chemotaxonomical value of siphonaxanthin and siphonein is discussed.
A UNIQUE LIFE CYCLE AND PERENNATION IN A COLORLESS CHRYSOPHYTE SPUMELLA SP. 1

Life cycle and perennation of a colorless chrysophyte, Spumella sp. , isolated from an ephemeral ditch were investigated. From a single resting cyst (statospore), only one nonmotile cell germinated. Shortly after germination, the cell generated flagella, started to swim, and formed a gelatinous sphere. The cell itself retained the ability to swim within the sphere. Cells fed on bacteria inhabiting the sphere and grew by longitudinal binary cell division very rapidly. The gelatinous sphere gradually enlarged as the number of cells increased. When it reached maximum size (∼500 μm in diameter), the gelatinous substance of the sphere weakened, and the sphere gradually broke into several pieces, forming cleavages between them. Cells swam away through the cleavages. Five to ∼40 swimming cells soon gathered and formed a swarm. In the swarm, some cells cannibalized other sibling cells and enlarged, resulting in giant cells that were two to three times larger in diameter than ordinary cells. The giant cells soon started statospore formation. Statospore formation was independent of any changes of environmental factors, such as increase or decrease in temperature or changes in nutrient or light levels, which are known to induce resting‐cyst formation in other groups of algae and protists. Statospore formation started when cells divided 15 to 16 times after germination. This is congruent with the idea that statospore formation in planktonic chrysophytes directly depends on cell density. An extraordinarily high growth rate and cannibalism involved in the initiation of statospore formation are interpreted as adaptations to achieve the perennation in ephemeral aquatic environments.
Teens' Attention to Crime and Emergency Programs on Television as a Predictor and Mediator of Increased Risk Perceptions Regarding Alcohol-Related Injuries

This study examined the hypotheses that media exposure and attention would predict, and partially mediate, the effects of various individual-difference variables on alcohol-related risk perceptions among teen viewers of crime and emergency (e.g., medical drama) shows on television. Risk perceptions including perceived severity, perceived alcohol-attributable fraction of incidents involving alcohol, controllability, and concern regarding alcohol-related crime, assaults, and other injuries were the outcome measures. Attention to crime and emergency shows was predictive of increased concern and other risk perceptions regarding alcohol-related incidents. Attention also partially mediated the effects of demographic and other individual difference variables on adolescents' risk perceptions regarding alcohol-related injuries. The findings (a) suggest emergency and medical drama television narratives can at times have incidental positive impacts on health-related attitudes and (b) provide further evidence regarding the endogenous nature of media use variables in influencing such attitudes.
13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Given With Meningococcal C–Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate and Other Routine Pediatric Vaccinations: Immunogenicity and Safety

Background: As multiple vaccines are administered concomitantly during routine pediatric immunizations, it is important to ascertain the potential interference of any new vaccine on the immune response to the concomitantly administered vaccines. Immune responses to meningococcal serogroup C–tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (MnCC-TT) and the diphtheria and tetanus antigens in routine pediatric vaccines (diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis–hepatitis B virus–inactivated poliovirus/Haemophilus influenza type b [DTaP–HBV–IPV/Hib] and DTaP–IPV+Hib) when given concomitantly with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) were compared with responses when given with PCV7. In addition, the immunogenicity and safety of PCV13 were assessed. Methods: Healthy infants were randomized to receive PCV13 or PCV7 (ages 2, 4, 6 and 15 months), concomitant with MnCC-TT (2, 4 and 15 months), DTaP–HBV–IPV/Hib (2, 4 and 6 months), and DTaP–IPV+Hib (15 months). Results: Immune responses to MnCC-TT and to the diphtheria and tetanus antigens administered with PCV13 were noninferior to the responses observed when the vaccines were administered with PCV7; ≥96.6 (postinfant) and ≥99.4% (posttoddler) subjects achieved prespecified immune response levels to each antigen in each group. After the infant series, ≥93.0% of subjects receiving PCV13 achieved pneumococcal anticapsular immunoglobulin G concentrations ≥0.35 µg/mL for all serotypes except serotype 3 (86.2%), increasing to 98.1–100% for most serotypes (serotype 3: 93.6%) after the toddler dose. Local and systemic reactions were similar between groups. Conclusions: Immune responses to MnCC-TT, and other childhood vaccines (DTaP–HBV–IPV/Hib, DTaP–IPV+Hib) were noninferior when concomitantly administered with PCV13 compared with PCV7. PCV13 does not interfere with MnCC-TT. PCV13 is highly immunogenic with a favorable safety profile.
When Vaccines Go Viral: An Analysis of HPV Vaccine Coverage on YouTube

This article reports a content analysis of YouTube videos related to the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. In total, 172 YouTube videos were examined with respect to video sources, tones, and viewer responses. Additionally, coverage of specific content was analyzed through the lens of the Health Belief Model (Rosenstock, 1974) and in terms of two content themes (i.e., conspiracy theory and civil liberties). The relations among these aspects of the videos were assessed as well. We found that most of these videos were news clips or consumer-generated content. The majority of the videos were negative in tone, disapproving of the HPV vaccine. In addition, negative videos were liked more by the viewers than positive or ambiguous ones. Accusations of conspiracy theory and infringement of civil liberties were manifested in these videos. The videos also presented mixed information related to the key determinants of health behavior as stipulated in the Health Belief Model. Implications for the findings are discussed.
ROLE OF SURFACE WOUNDS AND BROWN ALGAL EPIPHYTES IN THE COLONIZATION OF ASCOPHYLLUM NODOSUM (PHAEOPHYCEAE) FRONDS BY VERTEBRATA LANOSA (RHODOPHYTA) 1

Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jol. forms extensive beds in wave‐sheltered, rocky intertidal habitats on the northwestern Atlantic coast. This fucoid seaweed is host to an obligate red algal epiphyte, Vertebrata lanosa (L.) T. A. Chr. [=Polysiphonia lanosa (L.) Tandy], and two facultative brown algal epiphytes, Elachista fucicola (Velley) Aresch. and Pylaiella littoralis (L.) Kjellm. Although V. lanosa can occur throughout most of the length of host fronds, it largely predominates in midfrond segments. The two brown algal epiphytes are restricted to distal segments. Through field experiments conducted in Nova Scotia, Canada, we tested the hypothesis that surface wounds are required for the colonization of distal segments of host fronds by V. lanosa. Distal tissues normally have a smooth surface because of their young age (A. nodosum fronds grow apically). By creating small wounds that mimicked grazing wounds distributed elsewhere on host fronds, we demonstrated that V. lanosa can colonize distal frond segments during the growth and reproductive season (summer and autumn). Approximately half of the artificial wounds were colonized by V. lanosa during this time. The experimental exclusion of both brown algal epiphytes from distal frond segments did not affect colonization by V. lanosa. Thus, we conclude that the absence of surface irregularities on distal segments of host fronds, specifically small wounds, is the main factor explaining the absence of V. lanosa there. We propose that further experimental work clarifying epiphyte distribution in host beds will enhance our ability to understand the functional role of epiphytes in intertidal ecosystems.
GYMNODINIUM COROLLARIUM SP. NOV. (DINOPHYCEAE)—A NEW COLD‐WATER DINOFLAGELLATE RESPONSIBLE FOR CYST SEDIMENTATION EVENTS IN THE BALTIC SEA 1

A naked dinoflagellate with a unique arrangement of chloroplasts in the center of the cell was isolated from the northern Baltic proper during a spring dinoflagellate bloom (March 2005). Morphological, ultrastructural, and molecular analyses revealed this dinoflagellate to be undescribed and belonging to the genus Gymnodinium F. Stein. Gymnodinium corollarium A. M. Sundström, Kremp et Daugbjerg sp. nov. possesses features typical of Gymnodinium sensu stricto, such as nuclear chambers and an apical groove running in a counterclockwise direction around the apex. Phylogenetic analyses based on partial nuclear‐encoded LSU rDNA sequences place the species in close proximity to G. aureolum, but significant genetic distance, together with distinct morphological features, such as the position of chloroplasts, clearly justifies separation from this species. Temperature and salinity experiments revealed a preference of G. corollarium for low salinities and temperatures, confirming it to be a cold‐water species well adapted to the brackish water conditions in the Baltic Sea. At nitrogen‐deplete conditions, G. corollarium cultures produced small, slightly oval cysts resembling a previously unidentified cyst type commonly found in sediment trap samples collected from the northern and central open Baltic Sea. Based on LSU rDNA comparison, these cysts were assigned to G. corollarium. The cysts have been observed in many parts of the Baltic Sea, indicating the ecologic versatility of the species and its importance for the Baltic ecosystem.
Associations Between Caregiving, Social Support, and Well-Being Among Parents of Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech

This study tested a path model that examined the impact of contextual caregiving variables (i.e., severity of child's symptoms, caregiving demands, and perceived caregiving) and different forms of received romantic partner social support (i.e., emotional, esteem, network, tangible, and information) on depressive and somatic symptoms among parents with a child diagnosed with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), a severe childhood speech disorder. In total, 169 parents of a child with CAS participated in this study. Results provide some support for one stress process model of caregiving, which further highlights the need to look at relational variables as mediators between contextual stressors and health outcomes in caregiving contexts.
Framing the Consultation: The Role of the Referral in Surgeon–Patient Consultations

This study describes and analyzes the impact of the referral process on communication at the beginning of surgeon–patient consultations. We used conversation analysis to analyze the opening interactional activities of surgeon–patient consultations in New Zealand. This study focuses on 20 video-recorded consultations recorded between 2004 and 2006. Participants in surgeon–patient consultations began referred consultations by discussing the referral letter in what we have termed “referral recognition sequences. ” These sequences are coconstructed activities that can be implicit or explicit and address the minimized epistemic distance between surgeons and patients that is caused by the referral process. These sequences can be simple or complex, and this complexity may be determined by the quality of the referral letter received. Acknowledgment of the referral letter assists in achieving alignment between surgeon, patient, and referring doctor regarding the presenting problem. If this alignment is not achieved, progressivity of the consultation is affected, as there is disagreement as to why the patient is seeing the surgeon. This research shows that to assist in the progressivity of surgeon–patient consultations, referral letters should be clear and patients made aware of the reason for referral. Surgeons should also overtly address the minimized epistemic distance caused by the referral letter to ensure patients present their problems in full.
Reactogenicity and Immunogenicity of an Enterovirus 71 Vaccine in Chinese Healthy Children and Infants

Background: Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is highly contagious and can cause severe complications. A safe and effective vaccine is needed. We assessed the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of an inactivated, alum-adjuvanted EV71 vaccine in this study. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was undertaken in 360 healthy participants who were stratified into 2 age groups (6–12 and 13–60 months), and randomly allocated to receive placebo or the investigational vaccine containing 160 U, 320 U or 640 U antigen per dose by the ratio of 1:1:1:1 at days 0 and 28. Reactogenic data within 28 days after each vaccination were recorded. Blood samples were obtained on days 0, 28 and 56 for neutralizing antibody assay. Results: Overall, 193 participants reported at least 1 injection-site or systemic adverse reaction with 53.3% and 54.4% participants receiving the study vaccine and placebo, respectively. Most of the reactions were mild or moderate. Three serious adverse events were observed, but none was related to vaccination. In the participants with seronegative baseline, after 2 doses all the participants receiving EV71 vaccines were seropositive and the seroconversion rates were more than 98.1%. In the participants with seropositive baseline, 1 dose induced good seroconversion rates of more than 64.3% in participants receiving EV71 vaccines. Conclusions: This study found that the inactivated EV71 vaccine was well tolerated and had good immunogenicity in healthy children and infants. A single dose induced typical booster response in the participants with a seropositive baseline, and 2 doses were needed for the immunologically naive participants.
LIGHT DEPENDENCY OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC RECOVERY DURING WETTING AND THE ACCLIMATION OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS TO LIGHT FLUCTUATION IN A TERRESTRIAL CYANOBACTERIUM NOSTOC COMMUNE 1

The PSII photochemical activity in a terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoc commune Vaucher ex Bornet et Flahault during rewetting was undetectable in the dark but was immediately recognized in the light. The maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) during rewetting in the light rose to 85% of the maximum within ∼30 min and slowly reached the maximum within 6 h, while with rewetting in the darkness for 6 h and then exposure to light the recovery of Fv/Fm required only ∼3 min. These results suggested that recovery of photochemical activity might depend on two processes, light dependence and light independence, and the activation of photosynthetic recovery in the initial phase was severely light dependent. The inhibitor experiments showed that the recovery of Fv/Fm was not affected by chloramphenicol (CMP), but severely inhibited by 3‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐1,1‐dimethylurea (DCMU) in the light, suggesting that the light‐dependent recovery of photochemical activity did not require de novo protein synthesis but required activation of PSII associated with electron flow to plastoquinone. Furthermore, the test indicated that the lower light intensity and the red light were of benefit to its activation of photochemical activity. In an outdoor experiment of diurnal changes of photochemical activity, our results showed that PSII photochemical activity was sensitive to light fluctuation, and the nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) was rapidly enhanced at noon. Furthermore, the test suggested that the repair of PSII by de novo protein synthesis played an important role in the acclimation of photosynthetic apparatus to high light, and the heavily cloudy day was more beneficial for maintaining high photochemical activity.
EXPRESSION OF THE GEOSMIN SYNTHASE GENE IN THE CYANOBACTERIUM ANABAENA CIRCINALIS AWQC318 1

The occurrence of taste and odor episodes attributed to geosmin continues to trouble water utilities worldwide, and only recently have advances been made in our fundamental understanding of the biochemical and genetic mechanisms responsible for the production of geosmin in microorganisms. For the first time, we have examined the expression of the geosmin synthase gene and corresponding geosmin production by Anabaena circinalis Rabenh. ex Bornet et Flahault AWQC318 under conditions of continuous light illumination and the removal of light as a stimulus and demonstrate that the expression of geosmin synthase appears to be constitutive under these conditions. The decrease in geosmin synthase transcription post maximum cell numbers and stationary phase suggests that a decrease in isoprenoid synthesis may occur before a decrease in the transcription of ribosomal units as the process of cell death is initiated.
Efficacy and Safety of Whole Body Skin Cleansing With Chlorhexidine in Neonates—A Systemic Review

Background: Cord cleansing with chlorhexidine has been shown to reduce the risk of neonatal mortality in low-resource settings. The effect of whole body skin cleansing with chlorhexidine in neonates is, however, not clear. Methods: We searched MEDLINE and other databases and included all studies that evaluated the effect of chlorhexidine cleansing on neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and/or the incidence of neonatal sepsis. We estimated the pooled relative risks by fixed effect and random-effects models and also explored the sources of heterogeneity by subgroup meta-analysis. Results: Seven randomized trials and 2 before-and-after studies that evaluated single cleansing with chlorhexidine were included in the review. Pooled analysis showed no significant effect on NMR in either the fixed effect (5 studies; relative risk: 0.91; 95% confidence interval: 0.80 to 1.04) or random-effects model (0.83; 0.63 to 1.08). On subgroup analysis, the before-and-after study conducted in high-NMR setting showed significant reduction in mortality (0.68; 0.50 to 0.93) but the randomized controlled trials from low-NMR settings did not show any benefit (0.97; 0.84 to 1.13). Pooled analysis of 5 studies that reported the rates of sepsis revealed substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 80.2%). Pooled result by random-effects model as well as the sensitivity analysis including only the randomized trials found no significant effect (0.65; 0.40 to 1.05 and 0.97; 0.80 to 1.18, respectively). Conclusions: There is no conclusive evidence for any beneficial effect after single skin cleansing with chlorhexidine. However, given the heterogeneity in the major outcomes it seems prudent to generate more evidence from randomized trials in high-NMR settings. Until such time, this intervention cannot be recommended in any settings.