Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solving Problems Is Not Enough: Assessing and Diagnosing the Ways in Which Students Organize Statistical Concepts.

Educators are reformulating the goals of both teaching and assessment within content domains. Some of the recurring themes include the need for instruction to promote students as thinkers, problem-solvers, and inquirers; the need to conceptualise meaningful understanding as involving active construction; the need for testing for thinking and understanding; and the need for assessment tasks to more closely resemble "real world learning tasks. According to this view, assessment procedures used in introductory statistics courses should not only assess students' skills in carrying out statistical procedures, but also their understanding and thinking about statistics. Teaching statistical thinking and reasoning would be greatly facilitated, for example, by using instruments capable of assessing the structure and the relationships students impose on their own knowledge of statistical concepts. This paper provides a conceptual framework for generating assessment tasks which provide an instructor with a richer description of students' thinking and reasoning than is possible by just giving students problems to solve. Although the framework is general, its application is illustrated with material from college and beginning graduate level pre-calculus introductory statistics courses which focusses on the following topics: sampling, interval estimation, point estimation, and hypothesis testing. A fundamental objective of instruction should be the development of students' connections among concepts and the structuring of their knowledge (Glaser, 1989). A beginning student's knowledge base consists of isolated bits of information reflecting a shallow understanding of concepts and their interrelationships, With instruction and
Text Processing with GATE

GATE is a free open-source infrastructure for developing and deploying software components that process human language. It is more than 15 years old and is in active use for all types of computational tasks involving language (frequently called natural language processing, text analytics, or text mining). GATE excels at text analysis of all shapes and sizes. From large corporations to small startups, from multi-million research consortia to undergraduate projects, our user community is the largest and most diverse of any system of this type, and is active world-wide. This book contains a highly accessible introduction to GATE Version 6 and is the first port of call for all GATE-related questions. It includes a guide to using GATE Developer and GATE Embedded, and chapters on all major areas of functionality, such as processing multiple languages and large collections of unstructured text. It also includes complete plugin documentation (e.g. named entity recognition, parsing, semantic analysis, , as well as details on other members of the GATE Family: GATECloud.net, Teamware, and Mimir. To join the GATE community visit http://gate.ac. uk/.
Design and Analysis of Biomolecular Circuits: Engineering Approaches to Systems and Synthetic Biology

The book deals with engineering aspects of the two emerging and intertwined fields of synthetic and systems biology. Both fields hold promise to revolutionize the way molecular biology research is done, the way todays drug discovery works and the way bio-engineering is done. Both fields stress the importance of building and characterizing small bio-molecular networks in order to synthesize incrementally and understand large complex networks inside living cells. Reminiscent of computer-aided design (CAD) of electronic circuits, abstraction is believed to be the key concept to achieve this goal. It allows hiding the overwhelming complexity of cellular processes by encapsulating network parts into abstract modules. This book provides a unique perspective on how concepts and methods from CAD of electronic circuits can be leveraged to overcome complexity barrier perceived in synthetic and systems biology.
N-Phenyl-2-nitro­benz­amide, an acridone alkaloid precursor

The structure of N-phenyl-2-nitro­benz­amide, C13H10N2O3, likely to be an intermediate in the biosynthesis of acridone alkaloids, is composed of strongly hydrogen-bonded mol­ecules via amido H and carbonyl O atoms [H⋯O 1.99, N⋯O 2.8364 (13) A and N—H⋯O 167°], thus forming chains along the b axis. The molecular dimensions are normal and the phenyl rings are inclined at right angles [89.41 (5)°] to each other.
The Role of Structural Health Monitoring in the Life-Cycle-Management of Bridges

Following the initial success of structural health monitoring the industry saw some setbacks due to the differences between customers’ expectations and the practical performance. These differences are mainly attributable due to the lack of integration between monitoring and the engineering expertise for structures. Monitoring does not replace visual inspection but rather improves it. Therefore it is essential that inspectors understand the benefits from monitoring and applying it. Not enough has been done to offer them services in a way they need it and where the impact is clearly visible. SHM requires international guidelines that structure the process from the initial concept design to the system installation and the periodic maintenance and updating the life expectancy of the structure. The co-existence of visual inspection and traditional monitoring methods has to be demonstrated. Finally the communication with the asset owner has to be relevant. Mostly they are neither interested in data nor in complicated explanations. They require information on which decisions can be made regarding the asset cost and value. This has to be targeted with concise expertise that fits into their working process. The paper will show how monitoring processes can lead to a condition assessment which is needed to improve the life cycle assessment of a valuable asset.
The Effect of Applied Behavioral Analysis on the Communication Skills in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Perceptions of Special Educators and Psychologists.

DOI: 10.21276/sjahss.2018. 6.6. 6 Abstract: The principal criterion of effectiveness of Applied Behavioural Analysis (ABA) in communication skills in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) constitutes the focal point of this study. For this purpose, special educators’ and psychologists’ perceptions were collected and analyzed. The study was conducted through a qualitative approach. More specifically, semi – structured interviews were conducted. The interview design was based on the Curriculum for children with ASD. For the data analysis, thematic analysis was used. One of the main findings of the study is that ABA implements structured programs for teaching, which develop the basic functions of children's communication with ASD through joint attention, PECS and various other methods. In addition, it is shown that ABA programs are interconnected and each one applies a generalization of the taught skills. It is worth mentioning that the initial level of the child, the cooperation of the participants and the role modelling are of particular importance for the ABA programs. In conclusion, ABA is an effective systemic approach, which can cope with communication deficits holistically. The findings are discussed in terms of educational placement.
Ibaraki : learning system of WSD rules developed for SENSEVAL 2 Japanese translation task

We made a learning system of word sense disambiguation rules, named Ibaraki, for SENSEVAL2 Japanese translation task. First, we estimated that an unsupervised learning method is efficient for this task, and planed to use it. However, we gave up using the method. As a result, our system was ended up a simple learning system using the decision list method. In this paper, we report why we estimate that an unsupervised learning method is efficient for this task, and why we gave up it. Moreover, we also evaluate our system made as a result. After the contest, we integrated an unsupervised learning technique into Ibaraki. We report about it briefly.
Glocalizing Structural Poverty : Reclaiming Hope for Children and Families

Understanding the structural nature of poverty is critical to eradicating poverty in this highly complex, globalized society. Fighting poverty requires thinking globally about its structural causes and acting locally—hence “glocalizing” structural poverty—to improve the well-being of children and families in the community. Poverty is a natural consequence of the workings of the global economic system, but failure to organize the public will to remedy it keeps it a bootstrap issue. Structural dependence of the public will on the economic system leads to the condition of poverty not being recognized as a public problem and, inevitably, subscription to the default individual approach in policy choice. Glocalization strategies are offered to combat structural poverty: global social policy development as the global approach; and community capitalism, civic service, and asset development as the bottom-up, communitybased approaches. These are progressive, proactive, and empowerment strategies in an age in which government is constrained from protecting children and families from the effects of the global market system.
Background Optimization in Full System Binary Translation 1

Binary translation and dynamic optimization are widely used to provide compatibility between legacy and promising upcoming architectures on the level of executable binary codes. Dynamic optimization is one of the key contributors to dynamic binary translation system performance. At the same time it can be a major source of overhead, both in terms of CPU cycles and whole system latency, as long as optimization time is included in the execution time of the application under translation. One of the solutions that allow to eliminate dynamic optimization overhead is to perform optimization simultaneously with the execution, in a separate thread. In the paper we present implementation of this technique in full system dynamic binary translator. For this purpose, an infrastructure for multithreaded execution was implemented in binary trans lation system. This allowed running dynamic optimization in a separate thread independently of and concur rently with the main thread of execution of binary codes under translation. Depending on the computational resources available, this is achieved whether by interleaving the two threads on a single processor core or by moving optimization thread to an underutilized processor core. In the first case the latency introduced to the system by a computational intensive dynamic optimization is reduced. In the second case overlapping of exe cution and optimization threads also results in elimination of optimization time from the total execution time of original binary codes. DOI: 10.1134/S0361768812030073
Knoevenagel Condensation of Ferrocenecarbaldehyde with Some Methylene Active Reagents on Inorganic Supports

Inorganic supports have found a great application in organic synthesis due to the facts that many reac­ tions can be carried out at very mild (r.t.) conditions either with a small amount of the solvent, or without any solvent [1—5] and with very simple products isola­ tion. The most frequently used inorganic supports are A1203, KF/AI2O3, Si0 2 or bentonite. Knoevenagel condensation of aldehydes and ketones with methyl cyanoacetate on A1 20 3 was described some time ago [6]. Condensations of some obenzyloxybenzaldehydes leading to benzofuran derivatives or condensation of phthalides with azines leading to isoquinoline deriva­ tives on MX/AI2O3 were described [7]. The conden­ sation of malondinitrile with some l,l-dioxothio-4pyranones on AI2O3 was also described [8]. No con­ densation using SÍO2 as the support was reported. The inorganic support was used very seldom [9, 10] at the reactions of ferrocenecarbaldehyde (Fc—CHO), in spite of the fact that there are many papers devoted to its condensation. The condensation of Fc—CHO with 7V-methylrhodanine on KF/AI2O3 in microwave oven was recently described [11]. Condensation of ferrocenecarbaldehyde with the following methylene active compounds was studied: 1,3-indandione (7), malondinitrile (77), barbituric acid (III), thiohydantoin (IV), 3-ethylrhodanine (V), and 3-aminorhodanine (VI). A1203, KF/A1203 , KOH/AI2O3, Si02 , and KOH/Si02 were tested as inorganic supports (Scheme 1). Reactions have been carried out in the minimum amount of CH2CI2 as the solvent. Just 0.5—1 cm of the solvent was used for 0.5 mmol of the reactants, and 0.5 g of the inorganic support. The reaction products were purified by chromatography on Si02 column, and the yields of isolated products are given in Table 1. From the results given in Table 1 it follows that Fc—CHO + H2C
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN SOUTH AMERICA : MEAN FIELDS AND VARIABILITY

South America (SA) comprises a diversity of climatic regimes thanks to its large latitudinal range that extends from the tropical Northern Hemisphere (NH) to the high latitudes of Southern Hemisphere (SH). Besides, there is influence of very outstanding topographic features, such as the Andes Mountains. The strong and extensive tropical convection over the continent during the SH summer originates a strong tropospheric heat source that has important influence on the climatological atmospheric circulation. The variability of this heat source can generate significant circulation anomalies in the NH and SH (e.g., Grimm and Silva Dias 1995). Therefore, it is of interest to verify: i) how models used in simulations of climatic change reproduce different aspects of the present-day climate in SA, ii) what are the climatic changes predicted by them for the continent under scenario of increased emission of greenhouse gases, and iii) what are the intermodel differences in the patterns of these changes. Therefore, in the present study we focus on the ability of several models in reproducing the main climatological features of SA precipitation as well as on the diversity and common features of the climate change scenarios projected by them. In this study we also broach another aspect of climate change: does it affect important modes of precipitation variability?
Automatic Evaluation of Readability of Summaries

Text summarization is the process of distilling the most important information from a source to produce an abridged version for a particular user or task. That is restating of the main ideas of the text in as few words as possible in a pertinent format. A utomated text summarization has drawn a lot of interest in the natural language processin g and information retrieval communities in the recent years due to the rapid growth of the Wor ld Wide Web and electronic information services. Information is becoming available o n-line at an incredible rate but no one has time to read everything. Hence, the technology of aut matic text summarization is becoming indispensable for dealing with this problem. With the growing need for good summarization systems, summa rization evaluation plays an important role in their creation. Evaluation has become o n f the ongoing issue in this field of automatic text summarization. Human judgement ofte n has wide variance on what is considered a ”good” summary, which means that making the e valuation process automatic is particularly difficult. Manual evaluation like ’Likert S cale rating’, ’Pyramid Evaluation’ can be used, but this is both time and labor intensive as it req uir s humans to read not only the summaries but also the source documents. Hence, there is an urgent need for developing automatic evaluation metrics to fasten the process of evalu ating summarization systems which can result in better summarizing algorithms. Summaries can be evaluated based on two properties : content andform. The evaluation of content is called ’Content Evaluations’ and that of form i s called ’Readability Evaluation’. There are various manual evaluation metrics for content eva luation including ’Likert Scale rating’, ’Pyramid Evaluation’ and ’Content Responsivenes s’. For Readability evaluations a ’Likert scale rating’ is used by human experts to rank summar ies. In the context of automated metrics for evaluation of summary quality, content evaluat ions have been presented through the last decade and continue to evolve. However, a careful exami nation of readability aspects of summary quality has not been as exhaustive. In this thesis, w e dissect readability into 5 parameters and automate the evaluation of readability based on so me of these parameters. Readability of a summary is usually graded manually on five aspects: grammaticality, coherence, focus, referential clarity andnonredundancy. We explore alternative evaluation metrics for grammat-
THE PERFORMANCE OF OPTION PRICING MODELS ON HEDGING EXOTIC OPTIONS

This paper examines the empirical performance of various option pricing models. The models are tested in the same way market practitioners use them: the models are fitted to all the market traded liquid option prices and are recalibrated whenever the model is used to mark-to-market the option under consideration or to set up hedging portfolios. The test is based on their effectiveness of hedging exotic options. Since exotic options are only traded in the over-the-counter market, historical data are unavailable, and the traditional approach of comparing market prices with model prices can no longer be used. We propose a new methodology to overcome this difficulty: model performance is based on accuracy of hedging strategies. Using historical S&P 500 futures option prices we show that the so-called practitioner’s Black-Scholes model performs better relative to other alternative models for valuing barrier options, but worse for valuing compound options. Our results also indicate that model performance depends on the degree of path dependence of the option under consideration as noticed by Hull and Suo (2002). 1 School of Business, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6. Email:yunbi@business.queensu. ca. 2 School of Business, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6. Ph: (613) 533-2337, Email: WSuo@business.queensu. ca.
3 D shape from the structure of pencils of planes and geometric constraints

Active stereo systems using structured light has been used as practical solutions for 3D measurements. Among them, calibrated line lasers (i.e. , calibrated planes of light) are commonly used as structured light in approaches known as light section methods. On the other hand, several 3D reconstruction methods based on uncalibrated planes of light have been also proposed. In these methods, 3D curves lit by the planes of light (i.e. , intersections of the scene and the planes of light) are detected in 2D images as 2D curves, and the 3D shapes of the 3D curves and the 3D planes are reconstructed using the detected intersections of these 2D curves. In this paper, we propose a novel 3D reconstruction method under an assumption that the planes of light forms several pencils of planes (i.e. , groups of planes each of which shares a single line). This paper shows two typical cases where the proposed method can be applied; one is shape from cast-shadow problems where two known straight edges generate the shadows, and the other is 3D reconstruction for one-shot range scanner based on projector-camera systems where grid patterns are projected from the video projectors.
The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Skeletal Muscle Morphological Changes and Denervation Gene expression of Aged Rats

Muscle denervation is one of the most critical pathological factors involved in muscle atrophy as a result of ageing. This study aims to investigate the chronic effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cross-sectional areas and muscle denervation genes, interpreted in the plantaris muscle atrophy of aged rats. Twenty-eight aged and young rats were divided into four different groups, including exercise and control. The training protocol included six weeks of HIIT. Animals were sacrificed 48 hours after the last training session, and the plantaris muscle was removed. To measure Gadd45a mRNA and NCAM1mRNA, we used a real-time PCR technique. The cross-sectional area was measured with photomyography using an H&E technique. The results showed that ageing significantly decreased NCAM1 mRNA in the aged control group (p=0.0001) and exercise leads to a significant increase (interaction effect) of it (p=0.003). Gadd45a mRNA was significantly increased due to ageing (p=0.009), and exercise resulted in a significant decrease in that in the aged exercise group (p=0.04). The cross-sectional area in the aged control group was significantly smaller than in the young control group (p=0.046). In contrast to young groups, exercise could increase the cross-sectional area in the aged exercise group compared with the aged control group, but it was not significant (p=0.069). It seems that HIIT could improve ageing-induced muscular atrophy, although denervation-involved gene modification leads to an increase in the muscular cross-sectional area; therefore, it improves muscular atrophy due to ageing.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter region of mir-133 a-1 and in pre-mir-152 rs 1707 may contribute to the risk of asthma in a Chinese Han population

Han population (p < 0.001). However, the genotype and allele frequencies of rs5186, located in pre-miR-155, did not significantly differ between the cases and the controls; as well as those of rs3746444 in pre-miR-499. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provided evidence that polymorphisms of rs8089787 and rs9948906 in the promotor region of mir-133a-1 and premir-152 rs1707 may contribute to the risk of asthma in a Chinese Han population.
The causes and economic consequences of rising regional housing prices in New Zealand

This paper explores the causes and economic consequences of recent increases and divergences in regional house prices in New Zealand. It identifies large and increasing ‘wedges’ between house prices and underlying supply costs. These house price distortions arise from the collision of rising demand for housing with housing supply constraints, including zoning rules that limit new subdivision and redevelopment of existing sites. Regions with larger starting price distortions appear to have experienced larger increases in house prices and rents in response to migration shocks. This results in large economic costs due to misallocation of labour away from high-productivity regions in New Zealand and increased net migration to Australia. A calibrated spatial equilibrium model is used to investigate what would have happened if house price distortions had increased at a slower rate in recent decades due to relaxation of supply constraints. This model implies that comprehensively removing constraints to housing supply would have increased New Zealand’s total economic output by up to 8.4%, increased per-worker output by 0.9%, and eliminated recent net migration outflows to Australia. More plausible counterfactual scenarios would result in smaller, but still economically meaningful, gains on the order of one to five percent of gross domestic product.