Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conservation of grammatical knowledge: on the acquisition of possessive noun phrases by Turkish and Moroccan learners of Dutch

Abstract This article deals with the acquisition of possessive DP structures by Turkish and Moroccan adults and children learning Dutch without substantial classroom instruction. Our main claim is that L2 learners systematically and consistently rely on their grammatical knowledge, which surfaces in the initial stages of the L2 acquisition process but also has a strong impact on later developmental stages. Such a strong conservation encompasses parameter settings as well as morphological and vocabulary knowledge. Before analyzing the various learner variants, we first consider the possessive structures in Turkish, Moroccan Arabic, and Dutch. A thorough analysis of the source languages Turkish and Moroccan Arabic is necessary to reveal the L1 properties conserved in the expression of L2 utterances. The analysis of the L2 possessive variants provides ample evidence that Moroccan learners differ from Turkish learners in their developmental path as well as in the end state attained. We will argue that these differences are due to the different initial states of Turkish and Moroccan learners. The data also provide evidence that adult learners are able to change parametric values that relate to word-order phenomena. They seem less able, however, to acquire new morphological knowledge and language-specific lexical knowledge, which is crucial in appropriating L2 function words.
Passive Mixing inside Microdroplets

Droplet-based micromixers are essential units in many microfluidic devices for widespread applications, such as diagnostics and synthesis. The mixers can be either passive or active. When compared to active methods, the passive mixer is widely used because it does not require extra energy input apart from the pump drive. In recent years, several passive droplet-based mixers were developed, where mixing was characterized by both experiments and simulation. A unified physical understanding of both experimental processes and simulation models is beneficial for effectively developing new and efficient mixing techniques. This review covers the state-of-the-art passive droplet-based micromixers in microfluidics, which mainly focuses on three aspects: (1) Mixing parameters and analysis method; (2) Typical mixing element designs and the mixing characters in experiments; and, (3) Comprehensive introduction of numerical models used in microfluidic flow and diffusion.
Antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from different environments: A preliminary study

The aim of this study was the investigation of the antimicrobial activity expressed by Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from different fermented matrices (wines, cheese, fermented sausages, and sourdoughs). A total of 106 strains of Lb. plantarum (producers) were tested against 33 undesirable microorganisms (indicators), including both moulds and bacteria. The antimicrobial activity exerted by growing cells (GC) was evaluated by the spot-on-thelawn, while the activity of cell free supernatants (CFS), neutralised CFS (nCFS) and CFS treated with proteases (pCFS) was assessed by the agar well diffusion assay. The antagonistic effect produced by GC of Lb. plantarum isolated from wines was higher than that exibited by cells isolated from other fermented matrices. Moreover, 5 CFS all from wine strains as well as the corresponding nCFS and pCFS were able to inhibit different bacteria and moulds. The results suggested a relationship between the origin of Lb. plantarum strains and their antimicrobial properties, while no relation was found between the intensity of inhibition and the origin of indicator strains. This fact highlights that the knowledge of conditions characterising different ecosystems can be helpful in the detection and isolation of Lb. plantarum strains to be used as protective agents.
Characterising the South African business cycle: is GDP difference-stationary or trend-stationary in a Markov-switching setup? - Il ciclo economico del Sud Africa: il PIL è stazion ario alle differenze o stazionario nel trend in un modello Markov-switching?

We test for a unit root in de-trended GDP in a two- state Markov switching specification using a modified Augmented Dickey-Fuller test. Our results show that a first difference GDP specification is preferred over the de-trended spec ification. In addition, the null of difference- stationary GDP cannot be rejected. By implication, shocks to GDP are permanent which validates specifying trend GDP with a stochastic co mponent – something that is inherently assumed in a number of research papers that estimat e potential GDP growth and that model GDP in general equilibrium specifications. - In questo studio si effettua un test a radice unita ria sul PIL ‘detrendizzato’ in un modello Markov-switching a due paesi, utilizzando il test a ugumented Dickey-Fuller. I risultati mostrano che una specificazione alle differenze prime del PI L e preferibile alla specificazione detrendizzata. Inoltre l’ipotesi nulla di GDP stazi onario alle differenze non puo essere rigettata. Gli effetti degli shock al PIL risultano permanenti e cio convalida la specificazione del trend con una componente stocastica – cosi come assunto in u n ampio numero di lavori di ricerca.
Surfactant Assisted Dispersion of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Polyvinylpyrrolidone Solutions

Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are an extremely attractive material due to their unmatched electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties, however; their hydrophobicity results in strong van der Waals interactions. This, combined with extremely high aspect ratios and flexibility, causes SWNTs to adhere strongly into tightly bundled ropes. In these bundles, SWNTs are not as useful as their linearized unbundled equivalents. In this contribution, the characterization of a system containing SWNTS, centrimonium bromide (CTAB) and the polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is reported. Results indicate that although individually CTAB and PVP are poor dispersants of SWNTs, together they show a synergic effect. Characterizations studies on the obtained SWNT dispersions suggest that the polymer hydrodynamic radius should have a minimum length that corresponds to intertube separation distance to achieve stable nanotube dispersions and that the effective polymer contact area with the suspended nanotube, rather than the polymer molecular weight regulates ability for SWNT dispersion. The results present a series of considerations that are relevant for the use of polymers as nanotube dispersing agents and an overall facile way of augmenting current dispersion techniques, potentially allowing for increased usage of applications of these versatile materials.
Spatial pattern in species richness of demersal fish assemblages on the continental shelf of the northern Mediterranean Sea: a multiscale analysis

The species richness pattern of groundfish species in the entire northern Mediterranean Sea was examined at 3 spatial scales: region, large biogeographical zone and basin. We analysed 1914 trawl hauls collected using a single sampling design in the trawlable areas of the continental shelves between the Strait of Gibraltar and the Strait of Dardanelles (from 36.3 to 45.7° N and 5.3° W to 28° E). Spatial pattern in species diversity was assessed using complementary methods (Chao2 estimates of total species richness, mean species richness and beta diversity). No matter which scale was used, the expected longitudinally decreasing trend in species richness, which has been widely described in previous studies, did not appear when comparing estimates of total species richness per unit of area. Only the mean species richness pattern showed a moderate eastwards decrease at the largest spatial scale, but the trend progressively disappeared as the scale of analysis was reduced. In contrast to what is usually expected, our results suggest that Atlantic inflow does not play a key role in the present spatial pattern of fish species richness within the northern Mediterranean Sea. Further- more, we show that the Aegean Sea can no longer be considered the least species-diverse zone in the northern Mediterranean Sea. Our results provide the first description of a quantitative 'reference state', with which the temporal changes in species richness patterns throughout the entire northern Mediterranean Sea can be compared in the future.
IDENTIFICATION AND GROWTH CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL 2 , 4-D ( DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID ) DEGRADING BACTERIUM MARIBACTER SP AMSU ISOLATED FROM AQUACULTURE EFFLUENT

A bacterial isolate Maribacter sp AMSU, capable to degrade the herbicide 2,4-D (dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) was isolated from aqua culture effluent by enrichment culture technique. This isolate exhibited substantial growth in minera l s lt medium supplemented with 2,4-D as a sole source of carbon and energy. Based on the morpholog ica , cultural and biochemical characteristics, the isolate was identified as Maribacter sp according to Bergy’s manual. The isolated bacterial strain was further identified by sequence analysis of its 16S rRNA gene. Growth curve experiment on 2,4-D degradation indicated that 50 to 200mg/100ml stimul ated the bacterial growth during 24 to 48 h of incubation. However the bacterial growth was sustai ned and a significant death was observed with cultu re media containing 800mg/100ml 2,4-D and above. At re gular time intervals the optical density was measured at 600nm. Growth of the isolate was determ in d by viable cell enumeration immediately after inoculation. The growth of Maribacter sp in medium containing 50mg/100ml to 200mg/100ml 2,4-D was not varied much during 24 to 48h, and the total via ble count of 121 and 144 × 10 -4 CFU.ml were observed, respectively. Media optimization results indicated that lactose (carbon) and ammonium chlori de (nitrogen) added medium at pH 7 and 35 °C found to be suitable for the better growth of Maribacter sp. But lead added medium inhibited the growth of Maribacter sp. Degradation of 2,4D in culture supernatant was determined by using HPLC and the re sult obtained was discussed.
Toward Integrated Cloud-Fog Networks for Fast IoT Provisioning : Key Challenges and Solutions

Fog computing has been proposed as one of the most promising technologies for the construction of a scalable network infrastructure in the user’s vicinity, with the purpose of serving the tremendous amount of daily generated latencysensitive Internet of Things (IoT) data. The Fog and Cloud are not binary options, rather a natural continuum of one another; thus, the marriage of these two killer technologies would offer an ideal IoT data provisioning of resources. In this article, we present iCloudFog, a reconfigurable architecture that enables an agile integration of Fog and Cloud networks. iCloudFog allows to construct different Fog types (i.e., wireless, wired, or hybrid) to fit the different characteristics of IoT devices and data, and Fog nodes. Due to its nature, iCloudFog presents several unique key research challenges that have not been addressed in the literature, such as network dimensioning and configuration, quality-ofservice (QoS) and security-aware resource management, data privacy, and localization. We discuss these challenges and suggest promising approaches to resolve them. Effective design and implementation of solutions based on the suggested approaches would allow iCloudFog to play a salient role in the successful provisioning of future IoT applications and services.
COMPARISON OF HEMATOXYLIN AND EOSIN STAINING WITH AND WITHOUT PRE TREATMENT WITH MARCHI ’ S SOLUTION ON NERVE SAMPLES FOR NERVE DEGENERATION AND REGENERATION STUDIES

The study was conducted on four healthy guinea pigs ( Cavia porcellus) of either sex in which the nerve was identified and subjected to crush injury with the tip (3mm) of a curved hemostatic forceps. 30 days after the injury nerve samples were collected and subjected to Hematoxylin and Eosin staining with or without pretreatment with Marchi’s solution. The routine Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained all neural elements in various intensities of pink and in purple and the degenerative changes were seen as vacuoles ranging from vacuolated focicontaining eosinophilic material and associated with a distorted cell nucleus to larger, multilocular, linear array of compartmentalized digestion chambers supposed to contain myelin debris . The myelin on the other hand appeared as empty zones in H&E staining. Combining Marchi’s and H & E procedures revealed the presence black aggregates/ deposits in the vacuoles and digestion chambers. This method confirmed the presence of degenerated myelin inside the vacuoles and digestion chambers and thus may allow better analysis of nerve damage and regeneration.
Jaccard Coefficients as a Graph Benchmark

There are presently several graph benchmarks in the literature, some with hundreds of published processing reports. They all, however, have several characteristics that make them of academic, but not necessarily real-world interest. This paper follows up on a proposed “Jaccard” graph benchmark with realworld relevance that involves the “neighborhoods” of vertices. Variations in algorithms and implementations are discussed, with an emphasis on a reference implementation and possible scaling via parallelism. Keywords-Graphs algorithms, Jaccard coefficients, Scalability
Temperature and Lifetime Measurements in the SSX Wind Tunnel

We describe ion and electron temperature measurements in the Swarthmore Spheromak Experiment (SSX) MHD wind tunnel with the goal of understanding limitations on the lifetime of our Taylor-state plasma. A simple model based on the equilibrium eigenvalue and Spitzer resistivity predicted the lifetime satisfactorily during the first phase of the plasma evolution. We measured an average T e along a chord by taking the ratio of the C I I I 97.7 nm to C I V 155 nm line intensities using a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) monochromator. We also recorded local measurements of T e and n e using a double Langmuir probe in order to inform our interpretation of the VUV data. Our results indicated that the plasma decayed inductively during a large part of the evolution. Ion Doppler spectroscopy measurements suggested that ions cooled more slowly than would be expected from thermal equilibration with the electrons, which maintained a constant temperature throughout the lifetime of the plasma.
Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy for Scaphoid Fracture Nonunion

Scaphoid fractures are the most common fractures of the carpus, accounting for 80% of all carpal fractures. These fractures are frequently seen in young adults. Patients with scaphoid fractures most often present with wrist pain and tenderness. The pain of scaphoid fracture may progressively decrease, even in the absence of consolidation leading to scaphoid non-union. A vascularized bone graft and fixation with a screw is recommended for scaphoid nonunion without arthritis. When significant degenerative changes are already in place, palliative surgery such as proximal row carpectomy, limited or complete wrist arthrodesis is indicated. We report the case of scaphoid fracture nonunion in a 17 year Young teenager. The patient was treated with platelet-rich plasma injection under ultrasound guidance. The final MRI and CT showed complete healing of the scaphoid.
Forecasting and Staffing Call Centers with Multiple Interdependent Uncertain Arrival Streams

Han Ye Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, hanye@email.unc. edu James Luedtke Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, jrluedt1@wisc.edu Haipeng Shen Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, haipeng@email.unc. edu
Joint Entity and Relation Linking Using EARL

In order to answer natural language questions over knowledge graphs, most processing pipelines involve entity and relation linking. Traditionally, entity linking and relation linking have been performed either as dependent sequential tasks or independent parallel tasks. In this demo paper, we present EARL, which performs entity linking and relation linking as a joint single task. The system determines the best semantic connection between all keywords of the question by referring to the knowledge graph. This is achieved by exploiting the connection density between entity candidates and relation candidates. EARL uses Bloom filters for faster retrieval of connection density and uses an extended label vocabulary for higher recall to improve the overall accuracy.
A statistical model of Korean loanword phonology

The paper presents a statistical model of Korean loanword phonology which predicts the adapted form in Korean for a given word in English. In essence, the model is a first-order hidden Markov model, where the states represent Korean phoneme strings of variable length and emit English phonemes as observation. The parameters of the model are trained on pairs of English word and the corresponding form in Korean according to maximum likelihood estimate. The most likely sequence of Korean phonemes given an English phoneme string is found by applying the Viterbi algorithm. Performance of the model is evaluated on a subset of Korean loanword database compiled by the National Institute of the Korean Language. As the model incorporates virtually no linguistic knowledge, the evaluation results can be used as baseline performance for future research in developing linguistically sophisticated models.
Unilateral Cleft Lip Repair: Experience with Millard Technique and Introduction to the Concept of Junctional Zones Repair

The unilateral cleft lip is a complex deformity. Surgical correction has evolved from straight line repair through triangular and quadrilateral repairs to the rotation advancement technique of Millard. However, modifications to Millard technique continued and new techniques as orthotopic positioning of skin flap and subunit approximation technique adopted for repair of unilateral cleft lip achieving good results when done by their own. The aim of this paper is to present our experience with unilateral cleft lip repair for eighty four patients. We used Millard technique and its modification for 50 patients. We introduce the concept of junctional zones in unilateral cleft lip repair using different ideas from a variety of previously described techniques; this concept was used for unilateral cleft lip repair in 34 patients. Depending on anatomical and histological observations, the cutaneous portion of the lip is classified into main zone and flat zone, and the vermilion into dry zone and transitional zone. For the main zone we used the rotation advancement principles for the upper part and Z plasty for the lower part. Straight line closure used for the flat cutaneous zone and dry zone of the vermilion. Laterally based mucosal flap used to augment the deficit transitional zone of vermilion at the medial segment of the cleft lip. Adequate alignment of the Cupid’s bow and symmetric philtral appearance were obtainable. This technique is simple to draw, easy to apply and to learn, with more flexibility and accuracy. Lengthening and augmentation of the cleft lip can be achieved using different principles at different anatomical zones.
Response Surface Optimization and In-vitro Evaluation of Sustained Release Topical Insulin Liposomal Spray for Wound Healing

© 2018 Marwa H. S. Dawoud et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License -NonCommercialShareAlikeUnported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/). *Corresponding Author Marwa H. S. Dawoud, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Cairo (MSA University), Egypt. E-mail: mdawoud @ msa.eun. eg; marwa.hamdy @ yahoo.com Response Surface Optimization and In-vitro Evaluation of Sustained Release Topical Insulin Liposomal Spray for Wound Healing
8.25μm Pitch 66% Fill Factor Global Shared Well SPAD Image Sensor in 40nm CMOS FSI Technology

We present the first single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) device and image sensor realized in a customized 40nm CMOS front side illuminated (FSI) technology. The 96×40 array utilizes a global shared well layout structure with up to 66% fill factor at 8. 25μm pitch and median dark count rate (DCR) less than 70cps at 1V excess bias. A rising edge to rising edge time gating technique is demonstrated achieving a minimum time gate of 360ps FWHM.
A new numerical model of coupled inland ice sheet, ice stream, and ice shelf flow and its application to the West Antarctic Ice Sheet

We have developed a dynamic/thermodynamic finite element numerical model that couples inland ice sheet, ice stream, and ice shelf dynamics. This new model stands apart from other whole ice sheet models in its explicit treatment of ice stream flow. Additionally, the model accounts for both horizontal and vertical advection and diffusion of temperature in the flowing ice. In present day simulations of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS), modeled ice velocity agrees well with observed ice flow. In particular, the model reproduces the pattern of speed variation across ice streams although the continuous downstream speed up of ice flow cannot be reproduced without concurrent downstream variation in basal friction. Model thermodynamics, evaluated qualitatively by model prediction of the spatial distribution of basal melting and quantitatively by comparison with ice temperature measured in boreholes at several locations, are sound. In particular, the model reproduces the broad pattern of frozen-bed inter-ice stream ridges and melted-bed ice streams. Model initialization for long-time simulations is somewhat limited by computation time and by a thermodynamic feedback at sites of large viscous heating that can be a problem in heat balance only model initializations. Methods for averting those initialization problems are discussed. The new model can accommodate a variety of boundary conditions (such as various bed rheologies) and is well-suited to investigate the origin and evolution of WAIS ice streams within the context of the whole ice sheet system.
Hybrid Image Segmentation Model based on Active Contour and Graph cut with Fuzzy Entropy Maximization

Image segmentation targets to divide an image into numerous disjoint regions with all the regions related to a visual, meaningful object. Image segmentation has been extensively employed in medical applications, machine vision, and video compression. Prevailing image segmentation techniques are dependent on fuzzy theory, edge-detection, partial differential equations, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), regiondetection, and thresholds. When many of these techniques obtain rational segmentations, they are slow and hence computationally inflexible for big images. Hence, this paper intends to solve the problem in segmenting the images accurately by using traditional active contour models which can be solved by a novel active contour model based on modified symmetric cross entropy. The process is further followed by a graph cut technique and an optimization technique termed as Fuzzy Entropy Maximization (FEM) is applied that brings out the enhanced low intensity and highintensity images. The extensive experiments are performed on a large number of images and the results demonstrate that, compared with the existing models, the proposed Active contour Graph cut Fuzzy Entropy-based Segmentation (AGFES) could be able to segment the images more accurately and rapidly, which have the clear advantages in both segmentation performance and segmentation efficiency and it is easier to implement when compared to conventional methods.