Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Public acceptance of a proposed ban on plastic bags in Nigeria: the case of Yola-Jimeta, Adamawa state

Plastic litter negatively affects the environment and human health. Therefore, some countries and states have banned or taxed plastic bag use. For example, Rwanda, Mexico City, and China have introduced bans on plastic bags, as have Kenya and Rwanda in Africa. In this study, I assessed public perceptions of a proposed federal ban on plastic bags in Nigeria. Using a structured questionnaire, I interviewed 200 customers and 10 shop managers in Yola-Jimeta, northeastern Nigeria. More than half of the respondents throw away plastic bags after one use, and few reuse their plastic bags. Cross-tabulations showed that gender was the only significant predictor regarding what shoppers do with plastic bags. Men were more likely to throw away plastic bags after single use. Respondents in this study had a relatively high degree of environmental awareness: Most (90%) said plastic bags are harmful to the environment, and 73.5% said plastic bags are harmful to human health. Thus, it was not surprising that many respondents (71%) were willing to support a federal ban on plastic bags. For those who were unwilling or unsure, a brief educational presentation on the negative impacts of plastic bags changed the minds of 45% of these respondents in favor of a ban (McNemar’s test, p = .000, n = 58). This study vii shows that education may play an important role in public acceptable of a federal ban on plastic bags in Nigeria. Thus, the Nigerian government should conduct awareness programs using traditional and social media before implementing any ban.
Diversified Ceramic Design Concepts Based on Formal Reconstruction

Due to the technological development and information revolution in the 21st century, the modern ceramic design concept presents a diversified and comprehensive trend. The application of form reconstruction elements in ceramic design is the subject of exploration and innovation in modern ceramic design. Along with the great changes in people's artistic values and aesthetics, ceramic design artists have deepened their understanding of tradition and constantly developed new art forms that conform to the aesthetic taste of modern people. At the same time, it constantly explores and reconstructs the essence of ceramic design art from a new perspective. In a world that emphasizes multiculturalism, designers will continue to face many new design concepts, and “form reconstruction” is such a new design trend. Therefore, based on the theory of formal reconstruction, this study analyses the thinking and methods of “form reconstruction” in ceramic design. At the same time, this study also analyses the influence of “form reconstruction” on the diversified design concept of ceramic designers, and the analysis of formal reconstruction in ceramic multi-design. This research elaborates on the individualized design of humanized, interesting and emotional new creations, hoping to bring new ideas to the innovative thinking of the ceramic design of the designer.
Horticultural Therapy Program Based on Health Care Education for Stress Reduction of Hypertensive Patients

This study was conducted to analyze the effects of horticultural therapy program based on health care education on quality of life, stress, depression and anxiety of hypertensive patients, and to find effects on ability to control hypertension by continuing health care education and horticulture education. Subjects were 60 adult hypertension patients aged 30 to 64 at a hospital in K-gu, Seoul, aged 30 to 64. Experimental group of 30 patients received horticultural therapy program and control group of 30 patients did not receive horticultural therapy program. The horticultural therapy program was conducted for 60 minutes per session, twice a week, and total 8 times. This study was performed from 1. Aug. to 31. Oct. in 2015. Each session was based on contents of basic health care education and horticultural education. The programs were verified by 5 specialists in related fields (1 doctor, 2 nurses, 2 horticultural therapists). To prove effects of horticultural therapy program, patients’ stress, depression, anxiety, quality of life and knowledge of hypertension and horticulture were estimated 3 times(before, after and 1 month after the experiment). SPSS (Version 22 for Windows) was used for t-test of independent sample, which analyzes demographic information and verifies homogeneity, and for t-test of matching sample which shows different effects between groups. As the results, horticultural therapy program based on health care education made significant positive effects on stress and quality of life of hypertensive patients. Moreover, the horticultural therapy program improved knowledge on horticulture and hypertension. However, there were no significant changes in control group. This result shows that the horticultural therapy program based on health care could relive stress and improve quality of life.
Changes in the simulation of instability indices over the Iberian Peninsula due to the use of 3DVAR data assimilation

Abstract. The ability of two downscaling experiments to correctly simulate the instability conditions that can trigger thunderstorms over the Iberian Peninsula is compared in this paper. To do so, three instability indices are evaluated: TT index, CAPE and CIN. The WRF model is used for the simulations. The N experiment is driven by ERA-Interim’s initial and boundary conditions; The D experiment has the same configuration as N, but the 3DVAR data assimilation step is additionally run at 00, 06, 12 and 18 UTC. Eight radiosondes are available over the IP, and the values for these indices calculated from the University of Wyoming were chosen as reference in the validation of both simulations. Additionally, measured variables at different pressure levels from the radiosondes provided byWyoming were used to calculate the three instability indices by our own methodology using the R package aiRthermo. According to the validation, the correlation, SD and RMSE obtained by the experiment D for all the indices in most of the stations are better than those for N. The different methodologies produce small discrepancies between the values for TT, but these are larger for CAPE and CIN due to the dependency of these indices on the initial conditions assumed for the calculation of an air parcel’s vertical evolution. Similar results arise from the seasonal analysis concerning both WRF experiments: N tends to overestimate or underestimate (depending on the index) the variability of the reference values, but D is able to capture it in most of the seasons. The heterogeneity of the indices is highlighted in the mean maps over the Iberian Peninsula. According to those from D, the ingredients for the development of convective precipitation during winter are found along the entire Atlantic coast, but in summer they are located particularly in the Mediterranean coast. The chances of developing thunderstorms in those areas at 12 UTC is much higher than at 00 UTC; The convective inhibition is more extended towards inland at 00 UTC in those areas, which prevents storms from developing. However, high values are observed near Murcia also at 12 UTC.
A NOTE ON THE APPROXIMATION OF PDES WITH UNBOUNDED COEFFICIENTS -- THE SPECIAL ONE-DIMENSIONAL CASE

Abstract: We consider the spatial approximation of the Cauchy problem for a linear uniformly parabolic PDE of second order, with nondivergent operator and unbounded timeand space-dependent coefficients, where equation’s free term and initial data are also allowed to grow. We concentrate on the special case where the PDE has one dimension in space. As in [10], we consider a suitable variational framework and approximate the PDE problem’s generalised solution in the spatial variable, with the use of finite-difference methods, but we obtain, for this case, consistency and convergence results sharper than the corresponding results obtained in [10] for the more general multidimensional case.
Trends and Perspectives of Stress Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Japan

Although ischemia should be evaluated before revascularization, stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is declining in Japan. On the other hand, computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) is increasing. Elective PCI increases in proportion to increase of CTCA. Fractional flow reserve (FFR) can also assess ischemia and identify the lesion for revascularization. FFR-guided revascularization improves prognosis, so FFR is increasingly used before PCI. However, elective PCI hardly decreases. FFR-CT can assess ischemia similar to FFR and correlated well with FFR. Therefore, the role of stress MPI as a gate keeper for CAG/PCI may be partially replaced by FFR-CT in the near future. coronary flow velocity reserve in coronary stenoses of intermediate severity.
Solution of 3D contact problems using spline interpolation

A three-dimensional elastic contact problem is examined. It is assumed that the displacements and deformations are small and the supposed zone of the contact domain must be single-connected, and surrounded by a smooth closed curve. The closed curve is interpolated by a single closed spline. For numerical tests three-dimensional p-extension finite elements are used. To take the conditions of contact and separation into account the penalty method is applied. Numerical examples presented here show the effect of positioning 3D p-version elements along the contact-separation and/or stick-and-slip borders and the influence of the friction coefficient, respectively. Mathematical Subject Classification: 37J05, 76M10, 65D05, 65D10
Comparison of New and Old Body Shape Indices to Estimate Body Fat in Obese and Morbid Obese Turkish Females

Objective: The estimation of fat mass with indirect techniques is beneficial in daily clinical practice. This study aimed to compare new and old body shape indices using bioimpedance analysis for the assessment of body fat mass in obese and morbid obese Turkish females. Material and Methods: Four hundred thirty-eight obese and morbid obese females were enrolled in the study. Anthropometric measurements of the study participants were completed using standard techniques. Body mass index (BMI), body adiposity index (BAI), a body shape index, waist to hip ratio and body roundness index (BRI) were calculated. The body fat ratio was evaluated using TANITA-48M. Results: All the anthropometric indices except waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and ABSI correlated with body fat (%). BMI and BAI were the best predictors of body fat ratio derived from bioimpedance analysis for all participants. Only for obese females, BAI alone as well as BAI and BMI together were the best predictive methods of body fat (%). In the morbid obese group, BAI alone proved to be the best predictive method for body fat (%) estimation. Conclusion: In clinical practice, the determination of body fat ratio with indirect techniques may help physicians estimate the risk of diseases in obese and morbid obese patients. BAI can help estimate body fat ratio easily.
A STAGGERED SCHEME USING DISCRETIZATION OF INTERNAL ENERGY EQUATIONS FOR A TWO-PHASE FLOW MODEL

We introduce a new scheme [5] to obtain approximations of solutions of the convective part of the two-phase flow Baer-Nunziato model [2]. We adapt a numerical strategy proposed at first in the monophasic case by Herbin, Latché and Nguyen for the Euler equations [7]; see also [1] for the barotropic Baer-Nunziato model with stiff source terms. This is not the common strategy used for hyperbolic systems: upwinding techniques are performed for each equation separately with respect to the material velocities only and not with respect to the wave structure of the system. A staggered mesh is used for the approximation of the momentum balance equations. Internal energy balance equations are discretized instead of total energy balance equations and a corrective term is added to recover the Rankine-Hugoniot conditions when shock waves are considered. The scheme and its main properties will be described. Numerical results will be provided, confirming that the scheme behaves well. The numerical results [4] include comparisons of errors and CPU cost for a fixed error with others methods: the Rusanov scheme, a relaxation scheme (see [8] or [3] for the isentropic model) and VFROE-ncv [6].
Impact of Alcohol Intoxication on Pregnant Albino Wistar Rats; Some Blood Profile and Histopathological Evidence

Aim: To investigate the effects of alcohol consumption on serum biochemistry and histomorphology of liver, kidneys and uterus of pregnant Albino Wistar rats. Study Design: An experimental study which lasted for six weeks was conducted in the Animal house of the Department of Physiology, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus. Methodology: Twenty (20) female albino Wistar rats were used in this study. They were divided into five groups (n=4): Three experimental groups (A C) and two control groups (pregnant and nonOriginal Research Article Onyemelukwe et al.; ARRB, 35(1): 7-16, 2020; Article no.ARRB. 54940 8 pregnant). Groups A, B and C were treated with 0.3 g/kg, 0.8 g/kg and 2 g/kg Ethanol respectively via oral gavage, once daily for 30 days. Blood samples were collected from the female rats via retro orbital puncture and the sera obtained were used for the determination of serum Alanine transaminase (ALT) and Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Urea and Creatinine levels. Liver, kidney and uterus were excised after animal sacrifice for histopathological studies. Results: A statistically significant increase in ALT, AST and ALP levels was observed only in rats treated with 0.3 g/kg/day of ethanol when compared with the controls (P=.000). Serum creatinine and urea levels in all groups showed no difference when compared with the controls. However, varying degrees of micro-architectural changes were observed in the liver, kidneys and uterus of rats in all treatment groups. Conclusion: The present data suggest that alcohol consumption during pregnancy causes histological lesions that may be responsible for the tissue alterations observed in the experimental animals.
The Pause End and Major Temperature Impacts during Super El Niños are Due to Shortwave Radiation Anomalies

The hiatus or temperature pause during the 21 st century has been the subject of numerous research studies with very different results and proposals. In this study, two simple climate models have been applied to test the causes of global temperature changes. The climate change factors have been shortwave (SW) radiation changes, changes in cloudiness and ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) events assessed as the ONI (Oceanic Niño Index) values and anthropogenic climate drivers. The results show that a simple climate model assuming no positive water feedback follows the satellite temperature changes very well, the mean absolute error (MAE) during the period from 2001 to July 2019 being 0.073°C and 0.082°C in respect to GISTEMP. The IPCC’s simple climate model shows for the same period errors of 0.191°C and 0.128°C respectively. The temperature in 2017-2018 was about 0.2°C above the average value in 2002–2014. The conclusion is that the pause was over after 2014 and the SW anomaly forcing was the major reason for this temperature increase. SW anomalies have had their greatest impacts on the global temperature during very strong (super) El Niño events in 1997-98 and 2015-16, providing a new perspective for ENSO events. A positive SW anomaly continued after 2015-16 which may explain the weak La Niña 2016 Original Research Article Ollila; PSIJ, 24(2): 1-20, 2020; Article no.PSIJ. 55149 2 temperature impacts, and a negative SW anomaly after 1997-98 may have contributed two strong La Niña peaks 1998-2001. No cause and effect connection could be found between the SW radiation and temperature anomalies in Nino areas.
Moving Object Classification Using 3D Point Cloud in Urban Traffic Environment

Moving object classification is essential for autonomous vehicle to complete high-level tasks like scene understanding and motion planning. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for classifying moving objects into four classes of interest using 3D point cloud in urban traffic environment. Unlike most existing work on object recognition which involves dense point cloud, our approach combines extensive feature extraction with the multiframe classification optimization to solve the classification task when partial occlusion occurs. First, the point cloud of moving object is segmented by a data preprocessing procedure. Then, the efficient features are selected via Gini index criterion applied to the extended feature set. Next, Bayes Decision Theory (BDT) is employed to incorporate the preliminary results from posterior probability Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier at consecutive frames. The point cloud data acquired from our own LIDAR as well as public KITTI dataset is used to validate the proposed moving object classification method in the experiments. The results show that the proposed SVM-BDT classifier based on 18 selected features can effectively recognize the moving objects.
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some remarkable cranial and postcranial bones of upper Pleistocene cave bear Ursus cf. spelaeus Rosenmüller, 1794 from a Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823) hyena den and prey deposit open air site at Biedensteg near Bad Wildungen (Hess) in northern Germany represent prey remains. The taphonomical study of the bite, chew and nibbling marks being present on all cave bear bones are similar to those found on bones from the hyena Perick Cave den site in Hemer (sauerland, nW Germany). fore limb bones such as a scapula, humerus, ulna and a femur fragment, are from a female adult cave bear and belong possibly to one individual. Both fore limbs must have been removed from a carcass, whereas it is unclear whether the carcass was found by the hyaenas in the mammoth steppe or in a cave of the cave bear rich sauerland mountainous region. It is possible that the female cave bear died naturally. Another possible scenario is an active successful hunting. The cave bear remains indicate that hyaenas have fed on cave bears not only in the caves, such as the Perick Caves in the sauerland which have impressively proved hundreds of chewn and cracked cave bear bones. The hyenas could have transported from these topographically close related caves their cave bear prey remains to freeland mud deposit sites. If true, this is a unique proof of the feeding strategies of Crocuta crocuta spelaea on the cave bears and completes the recently studied knowledge of the palaeoecology of the hyenas and their impact on the taphonomy of cave bear carcasses in Central europe.
Screening TCGA database for prognostic genes in lower grade glioma microenvironment

Background To identify prognostic hub genes which associated with tumor microenvironment (TME) in lower grade glioma (LGG) of central nervous system. Methods We downloaded LGG patients gene transcriptome profiles of the central nervous system in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Clinical characteristics and survival data through the Genomic Data Commons (GDC) tool were extracted. We used limma package for normalization processing. Scores of immune, stromal and ESTIMATE were calculated using ESTIMATE algorithm. Then, box plots were applied to explore the association between immune scores, stromal scores, ESTIMATE scores and histological type, tumor grade. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis was utilized to explore the prognostic value of scores. Furthermore, heatmaps and volcano plots were applied for visualizing expression of differential expressed-gene screening and cluster analysis. Venn plots were constructed to screen the intersected differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In addition, enrichment of functions and signaling pathways and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GESA) of the DEGs were performed. Then we used protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and Cytoscape software to identify hub genes. We evaluated the prognostic value of hub genes and risk score (RS) calculated based on multivariate cox regression analysis. Finally, relationships of hub genes with the TME of LGG patients were evaluated based on tumor immune estimation resource (TIMER) database. Results Gene expression profiles and clinical data of 514 LGG samples were extracted and the results revealed that higher scores were significantly related with histological types and higher tumor grade (P<0.0001, respectively). Besides, higher scores were associated with worse survival outcomes in immune scores (P=0.0167), stromal scores (P=0.0035) and ESTIMATE scores (P=0.0190). Then, 785 up-regulated intersected genes and 357 down-regulated intersected genes were revealed. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that intersected genes were associated with immune response, inflammatory response, plasma membrane and receptor activity. After PPI network construction and cytoHubba analysis, 25 tumor immune-related hub genes were identified and enriched pathways were identified by GSEA. Besides, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed significantly predictive accuracy [area under curve (AUC) =0.771] of RS. Furthermore, significant prognostic values of hub genes were observed, and the relationships between hub genes and LGG TME were demonstrated. Conclusions We identified 25 TME-related genes which significantly associated with overall survival in patients with central nervous system LGG from TCGA database.
Religious tolerance among college students: How it’s influenced by religious orientation and personality traits?

Religious tolerance among college students needs to be maintained to create harmonious conditions and peace among the religious community. This study aimed to explore the influence of religious orientations and personality traits on religious tolerance among college students. This study used a quantitative approach and performed a survey method that utilized three measurement tools of psychological scales: the Religious Orientation Scale-Revised, the Personality Scale of Big Five Personality and the Scale of Religious Tolerance. The subjects of this study were 280 students from six universities in Surabaya. The results of the study show that, generally, there is a significant influence of religious orientation and personality traits on religious tolerance among college students. Partially, intrinsic religious orientation has a positive influence on religious tolerance, and on the contrary, the extrinsic religious orientation has a negative influence on religious tolerance. Of the personality traits (Big Five Personality), agreeableness and openness have a positive influence on religious tolerance. Meanwhile, extroversion, conscientiousness, and neuroticism do not have a significant influence on religious tolerance. Therefore intrinsic religious orientation and two personality traits - agreeableness and openness - are important to develop religious tolerance among college students. While college student who have extrinsic religious orientation tend to have low religious tolerance.