Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lateral Offsets on Surveyed Cultural Features Resulting from the 1999 İzmit and Düzce Earthquakes, Turkey

Surveys of offset linear cultural features that cross the surface ruptures of the 17 August and 12 November 1999 earthquakes on the North Anatolian fault in Turkey yield slip values as large as or larger than those recorded by near-field measurements in the same areas immediately after the earthquake. Using long, linear alignments of trees, fence lines, walls, and canals, we demonstrate as much as a 2-m increase in observed slip over the initial field measurements. On an average, we observed about 15% of the total lateral slip as off-fault deformation, with values ranging from 0% to 40% of the total slip. Part of this lateral deformation is accom- modated by bending or drag in a zone as much as 30 m in width, although usually the zone varies between 5 and 20 m in width. This supports the idea that substantial nonbrittle, off-fault deformation is associated with ruptures in areas of alluvial fill. Alternatively, there may have been substantial afterslip, although none has been recognized on postearthquake repaired structures. Our observations suggest that post- earthquake measurements of fault slip, using tape measures on offset geomorphic features, may underestimate the actual amount of slip in that event, where the non- linearity of the offset feature does not allow recognition of the warping. Surveys of multiple tree lines within groves of poplar trees, planted in straight lines across the fault prior to the earthquake, show surprisingly large lateral varia- tions. In one grove, slip increases by nearly 1.8 m, or 35% of the maximum measured value, over a lateral distance of nearly 100 m. This and other observations along the 1999 ruptures suggest that the lateral variability of slip observed from displaced geomorphic features in many earthquakes of the past may represent a combination of (1) actual differences in slip at the surface and (2) the difficulty in recognizing distributed nonbrittle deformation.
Measuring Scientific Broadness

Who has not read letters of recommendations that comment on a student's `broadness' and wondered what to make of it? We here propose a way to quantify scientific broadness by a semantic analysis of researchers' publications. We apply our methods to papers on the open-access server arXiv.org and report our findings.
Food Powder Delivery Through a Feeder System: Effect of Physicochemical Properties

Understanding the differences in delivery by feeders as affected by the powder properties is important for control but not much is written about this in the scientific literature. A regression analysis was undertaken to determine how to quantitatively integrate the effects of powder physicochemical properties on delivery through a twin-screw feeder. There was a linear relationship between powder delivery and screw speed over the entire operating range of the commercial twin-screw feeder test platform with the slope varying with the material delivered. Apparent particle density and particle size represented by both D50 and mode of a volume weighted particle size distribution (PSD) were found to have the most influence on delivery rate. Their effects could be quantitatively accounted for through a multiple regression equation for predicting the slope of the linear powder delivery curves.
Simplified Gauss Hermite Filter Based on Sparse Grid Gauss Hermite Quadrature

In order to improve estimation accuracy of nonliear system with linear measurement model, simplifed gauss hermite filter based on sparse grid gauss hermite quadrature (SGHF) is proposed. Comparing to conventional Gauss-Hermite filter (GHF) based on tensor product gauss quadrature rule, simplified SGHF not only maintains GHF's advantage of precission controllable, high estimation accuracy, but also relieves the curse of dimension problem by reduce the number of gaussian intrgration points to the number of sigma points that scaled unscented transform uses. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that estimation base on new filter performs significantly beter than extended kalman filter (EKF), and slightly better than unscented kalman filter (UKF) on estimation accuracy and convergence speed, and computational burden is significantly reduced comparing with traditional GHKF. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i12. 3693 Full Text: PDF
MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals and Animal Care Part 1

Orgeig, Sandra, Allan W. Smits, Christopher B. Daniels, and Jay K. Herman. Surfactant regulates pulmonary fluid balance in reptiles. Am. J. Physiol. 273 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 42): R2013–R2021, 1997. — Reptilian lungs are potentially susceptible to fluid disturbances because they have very high pulmonary fluid filtration rates. In mammals, pulmonary surfactant protects the lung from developing alveolar edema. Reptiles also have an order of magnitude more surfactant per square centimeter of respiratory surface area compared with mammals. We investigated the role of reptilian surfactant 1) in the entry of vascularly derived fluid into the alveolar space of the isolated perfused lizard (Pogona vitticeps) lung and 2) in the removal of accumulated fluid from the alveolar space of the isolated perfused turtle (Trachemys scripta) lung by both the pulmonary venous and lymphatic circulations. The flux of fluorescent (fluorescein isothiocyanate) inulin from the vasculature into the alveolar compartment increased 60% after the removal of surfactant, but capillary fluid filtration over a 10-min period was not affected. Surfactant removal decreased alveolar inulin clearance by both the pulmonary venous circulation and the pulmonary lymphatic system ,1.5and 3-fold, respectively. In reptiles, fluid flux from capillary to air space must occur indirectly via the interstitium. In the absence of surfactant, this may result in interstitial drying, which affects both pulmonary venous and pulmonary lymphatic clearance of alveolar fluid.
Extending Disease Ontology with Newly Evaluated Terms to Improve Semantic Medical Information Retrieval

Semantic similarity plays a vital role in obtaining information resources relevant to an intent of a user query for medical information retrieval. Evaluating semantic relatedness using medical knowledge resources is a problem with constantly arriving new keywords. There is an emerging need to enrich the valuable knowledge resource of Biomedical Ontology with new keywords to enhance the semantic similarity analysis. The existing approaches extend the ontology through identifying a new relationship and senses of the existing terms of the ontology in a manual or semi-automatic operation. The process of manually updating and maintaining the ontology is a time-consuming, labor-intensive and error-prone process, given the dynamic and expanding nature of the biomedical knowledge. Hence, to enhance the semantic similarity measure between the medical terms, the proposed system exploits the sources of disease concepts captured across biomedical resources and automatically identifies the medical terms to extend the Disease Ontology. The Extending disease oNtology witH newly evAluated terms to improve semaNtiC mEdical information retrieval (ENHANCE) system extracts the new disease term, and its relative symptoms exist in the biomedical resource. It associates the extracted terms with its correct ontological class to extend the Disease Ontology. To facilitate this process, initially the system categorizes the Disease Ontology according to the human anatomy and the diseases also classified depending on the anatomical regions in which they originate. Consequently, the terms of the biomedical resource are matched with the anatomy ontologies using vectorization to determine the related anatomy ontology. Thus, the input terms are matched with one or more ontologies, and hence, the system exploits the linkage distance metric that extracts the primary class of the anatomy ontology need to be enriched. After identifying the main class, the name of the new disease and its symptoms are determined through the use of Disease Ontology and the WordNet. With the proposed extended Disease Ontology, the semantic similarity measure enhances the performance of medical information retrieval. The experimental results prove that the ENHANCE system provides an improved biomedical document retrieval system with the proposed linkage distance based semantic similarity measure on the extended Disease Ontology.
Title Graphical models for inference with missing data Permalink

We address the problem of recoverability i.e. deciding whether there exists a consistent estimator of a given relation Q, when data are missing not at random. We employ a formal representation called ‘Missingness Graphs’ to explicitly portray the causal mechanisms responsible for missingness and to encode dependencies between these mechanisms and the variables being measured. Using this representation, we derive conditions that the graph should satisfy to ensure recoverability and devise algorithms to detect the presence of these conditions in the graph.
Lion populations may be declining in Africa but not as Bauer et al. suggest

Historical knowledge and recent surveys attest that lions are declining across parts of Africa (1, 2). We applaud Bauer et al. (3) for assembling available counts because they motivate better monitoring and conservation support. Their own data, however, rejects their claims that lions are “declining everywhere, except in four southern countries” and that lions increase only where “intensively managed. ”
Local Dosimetry Applied to Wireless Power Transfer Around 10 MHz: Dependence on EM Parameters and Tissues Morphology

In this paper, we analyze in detail the local exposure induced inside the human body by a generic nonradiative resonant wireless power transfer (WPT) system operating at 10 MHz. The impact of electromagnetic (EM) properties of biological tissue, as well as of the body geometry and size on local distribution of the EM field inside the body, is investigated using the finite integration technique. To this end, three high-resolution anatomical virtual family human body models have been employed, i.e., adult male and female, as well as a child model. The correlation of the distribution and location of maximum of the electric field (<italic>E</italic>) inside the body with the tissues intrinsic impedance contrast shows the ability to interpret the EM field behavior locally inside the body; the increase (decrease) of the intrinsic impedance from a tissue to another leads to the increase (decrease) of the <italic>E</italic>-field intensity. The location of the maximum inside the body is shown to be a function of the magnetic field (<italic>H</italic>) polarization inside the body. For instance, it appears in deeper tissues at locations where the <italic>H</italic>-field polarization is perpendicular compared to parallel to the body. Higher exposure levels are observed in adults compared to children in terms of <italic>E<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{99}$</tex-math></inline-formula></italic> (up to 60%) and <italic>SAR <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{10g}$</tex-math></inline-formula></italic> (up to 100%). In the case of <italic>J</italic><inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{1\text{cm}^2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <italic>SAR</italic><inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{wb}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, the peak values are higher in the female model, followed by the child and male (maximum variation of 31% and 10%, respectively).
Dietary fiber and whole-grain consumption in relation to colorectal cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study 1 – 5

Background: Whether the intake of dietary fiber can protect against colorectal cancer is a long-standing question of considerable public health import, but the epidemiologic evidence has been inconsistent. Objective: The objective was to investigate the relation between dietary fiber and whole-grain food intakes and invasive colorectal cancer in the prospective National Institutes of Health–AARP Diet and Health Study. Design: The analytic cohort consisted of 291 988 men and 197 623 women aged 50–71 y. Diet was assessed with a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire at baseline in 1995–1996; 2974 incident colorectal cancer cases were identified during 5 y of follow-up. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs. Results: Total dietary fiber intake was not associated with colorectal cancer. The multivariate RR for the highest compared with the lowest intake quintile (RRQ5-Q1) was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.15; P for trend 0.96). In analyses of fiber from different food sources, only fiber from grains was associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer (multivariate RRQ5-Q1: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.98; P for trend 0.01). Whole-grain intake was inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk: the multivariate RRQ5-Q1 was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.70, 0.89) for the whole cohort (P for trend 0.001). The association with whole grain was stronger for rectal than for colon cancer. Conclusions: In this large prospective cohort study, total dietary fiber intake was not associated with colorectal cancer risk, whereas whole-grain consumption was associated with a modest reduced risk. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:1353–60.
Process and RF modelling of TSV last approach for 3D RF interposer

In this paper, high density TSV integration in silicon interposer is presented, fully characterized and simulated (DC and RF). Parasitic elements of the RF model are extracted. Dielectric and metal process improvements are developed and their impact on TSV RF behaviour is evaluated. At least, silicon resistivity effect on TSV RF performances is demonstrated.
Energy aware routing protocol for low energy sensor networks

In this paper, we propose an energy efficient data forwarding protocol called Energy Aware Geographic Routing Protocol (EAGRP) for wireless sensor networks to extend the life time of the network. In EAGRP, both position information and energy are available at nodes used to route packets from sources to destination. The routing design of EAGRP is based on two parameters: location and energy levels of nodes. Each node knows the location and energy level of its neighbors. The performance measures have been analyzed with variable number of nodes. The simulations were carried out for different number of nodes. The proposed protocol was compared with Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR). Simulation results show that EAGRP performs competitively against the (GPSR) in terms of packet delivery ratio, throughput, energy consumption, and delay. Consequently, it can be concluded that EGARP does efficiently and effectively extend the network lifetime by increasing the successful data delivery rate.
The Role of New Institutional Economics in Licensing Contracts

New Institutional Economics (NIE) provides one of the foundations for licensing contract design. Predicting the performance of contractual relationships is mostly built on (NIE) insights into how agency and moral hazards, dynamic capabilities, and institutional environment influence the process of licensing agreements. But this school of thought has been less concerned with social behaviors —phenomena in which sociology scholars are deeply interested. Understanding non-contractual behaviors from relational contract theory is vital to the prevention of opportunism.
Simple but accurate loss modelling of an IPMSM considering harmonic losses and saturation effects

For drive train efficiency optimization, an accurate but simple loss model of an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) is proposed. In order to analyze different inverter topologies, switching frequencies and modulation techniques it is necessary that the loss model of the machine takes losses caused by harmonics into account. Considering harmonics and saturation effects, loss characteristics of the IPMSM are shown. Furthermore, loss calculations are opposed to test bench measurements in order to validate the loss models accuracy.
Solution Trajectories for a Single-Phase Programmed PWM Inverter

This paper presents solution trajectories for programmed PWM technique to eliminate specific order harmonics in a single phase inverter. Evolutionary algorithm is applied to determine optimum switching angles in order to elmininate low order harmonics for modulation index: -1 £ M £ +1. An implementation using a DE2-115 Cyclone IVE FPGA device is also reported in this paper. The experimental results show that the technique effectively eliminates the specific harmonics, and offers low harmonic distortions on the inverter output after filtering.
Decoding Coattention Encodings for Question Answering

An encoder-decoder architecture with recurrent neural networks in both the encoder and decoder is a standard approach to the question-answering problem (finding answers to a given question in a piece of text). The Dynamic Coattention[1] encoder is a highly effective encoder for the problem; we evaluated the effectiveness of different decoder when paired with the Dynamic Coattention encoder. We found that models leveraging global attention[2] and locally window-based approaches proved effective, but that a simple decoder combining LSTM neural networks, a linear transformation layer, and a post-decoding length-optimized maximum likelihood layer was the most effective.
A Touch-Mode Capacitance Microvalve Equipped with High Speed and Pressure Microsecond Switching Performance

In this paper, a touch-mode capacitance microvalve is described that has microsecond switching speeds for high-pressure differentials (> 10 Kpa). The microvalve has two pairs of electrodes. The first pair is an upper electrode with a membrane electrode, which acts to seal openings in the upper electrode with touch-mode capacitance. The second pair is a membrane electrode (shared with the first pair) with a lower electrode cavity, in which the membrane moves into to open the valve. The lower pair utilizes a center pad to increase the valve opening speed at a lower opening voltage. The valve includes a pneumatic assist applied to the back to decrease the net pressure across the membrane electrode, which allows the valve to operate at higher net pressure differentials. The operation of the microvalve is experimentally demonstrated with < 80 microsecond switching for a 70 kPa pressure differential.
Influence of work-family conflict on job involvement and organizational commitment: The moderating effect of perceived supervisor support and the mediating effect of job satisfaction

The study aims to explore the influence of work-family conflicts on job involvement and organizational commitment, we also investigated the moderating effect of perceived supervisor support and the mediating effect of job satisfaction. 558 employees from small and middle size enterprise participated in our research, they came from 19 organizations including Eight different regions such as Beijing, Shenyang and Hangzhou. By hierarchical regression and bootstrapping, our hypotheses have been supported. Results showed that perceived supervisor support moderated the effect of work-family conflicts on job satisfaction. When perceived supervisor support is low, work-family conflicts negatively predicted job satisfaction; however, when perceived supervisor support is high, work-family conflicts had no effect on job satisfaction. We also supported the moderated mediation model, job satisfaction mediated the interaction of work-family conflicts and perceived supervisor support on job involvement and organizational commitment.
A Lightweight Location Privacy-Preserving Scheme for WiFi Fingerprint-Based Localization

Although regarded as a promising approach for indoor localization, WiFi fingerprint-based localization can lead to potential location privacy violations. In this work, we study the location privacy issues of WiFi fingerprint-based localization and propose a lightweight location privacy-preserving scheme that does not rely on any cryptographic primitive as the existing work does. In our scheme, a to-be-localized user sends the measured signal strength values and other k-1 dummy signal strength values to the service provider who accordingly replies with k locations. The service provider cannot distinguish the user's location from the other k-1 dummy locations. Compared with the existing work, the computational and communication overhead of the proposed scheme are much lower.
Correction to “On the short‐term relationship between solar soft X‐ray irradiances and equatorial total electron content (TEC)”

[1] The relationship between total electron content (TEC) and the solar soft X-ray irradiances is presented. Three bands (2–7 nm, 6–19 nm, and 17–20 nm) of solar soft X-ray measurements from the Student Nitric Oxide Explorer (SNOE) satellite are examined and all show a similar relationship with TEC. The TEC data are from a GPS receiver near Ancon, Peru (� 11.78 degrees latitude, � 77.15 degrees longitude) from 11 March 1998 to 23 August 1999 and 2 October 1999 to 10 June 2000. During these periods the average TEC measurement was calculated from all observations whose ionospheric pierce point occurred within � 12 ± 2 degrees latitude and � 77 ± 2 degrees longitude and within the hour selected. TEC shows a more significant correlation with soft X-ray irradiances than with F10.7. The X rays lead the TEC by approximately 0.8–1.3 days, which is consistent with the neutral density affecting the TEC. The magnitude of these short term (27 days or less) changes is approximately 0.18 of the total TEC. During the period examined geomagnetic activity, as represented by Ap, could account for half as much variation in TEC (0.1 of the total TEC) as the solar irradiance.
Quantitative analysis of acetaldehyde in foods consumed by children using SPME/GC-MS(Tof), on-fiber derivatization and deuterated acetaldehyde as an internal standard.

The aim of this study was to develop a precise quantitative method for acetaldehyde determination in solid food matrixes as, to the authors' best knowledge, no such method was available. The method was applied for quantification of acetaldehyde in various foods consumed by children such as yoghurt, purees, curd creams etc. On-fiber derivatization of acetaldehyde with PFBHA was used to increase the method sensitivity and deuterated acetaldehyde was used as an internal standard for exact quantification. The article is mostly focused on method development, including sample preparation. The amount of acetaldehyde in foods was found to be rather negligible, with the highest concentration (up to 31.5 ± 0.05 mg kg -1 ) detected in yoghurts.
Chemical Chaperones Reduce ER Stress and Restore Glucose Homeostasis in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a key link between obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Here, we provide evidence that this mechanistic link can be exploited for therapeutic purposes with orally active chemical chaperones. 4-Phenyl butyric acid and taurine-conjugated ursodeoxycholic acid alleviated ER stress in cells and whole animals. Treatment of obese and diabetic mice with these compounds resulted in normalization of hyperglycemia, restoration of systemic insulin sensitivity, resolution of fatty liver disease, and enhancement of insulin action in liver, muscle, and adipose tissues. Our results demonstrate that chemical chaperones enhance the adaptive capacity of the ER and act as potent antidiabetic modalities with potential application in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.