Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Light-Emitting Diode-Based Illumination System for In Vitro Photodynamic Therapy

The aim of this study is to develop a light-emitting diode- (LED-) based illumination system that can be used as an alternative light source for in vitro photodynamic therapy (PDT). This illumination system includes a red LED array composed of 70 LEDs centered at 643 nm, an air-cooling unit, and a specific-designed case. The irradiance as a function of the irradiation distance between the LED array and the sample, the homogeneity and stability of irradiation, and the effect of long-time irradiation on culture medium temperature were characterized. Furthermore, the survival rate of the CNE1 cells that sensitized with 5-aminolevulinic acid after PDT treatment was evaluated to demonstrate the efficiency of the new LED-based illumination system. The obtained results show that the LED-based illumination system is a promising light source for in vitro PDT that performed in standard multiwell plate.
Onsager transition in hard plate fluid

The phase transition between the isotropic and the anisotropic phase of the hard plate fluid has been described by the numerical solutions of the Onsager virial approximation theory. The results are presented in a phase diagram which indicates regions of stability for each phase. The model results may be used to describe the behaviour of dilute clay dispersions.
Frequency stabilization of a cw dye laser

A cw dye laser system frequency stabilized to a high‐finesse optical reference cavity is described. Laser frequency is servo controlled to the cavity resonance with residual fluctuations less than 50 kHz for short times (20 μsec) and 100 Hz for long times (10 sec). Drift in absolute laser frequency of about 1.5 MHz/min is observed due to drift of the unstabilized reference cavity. A saturated absorption spectrum of I2 obtained with this system is shown.
Zn2SiO4‐coated microparticles with biologically‐controlled 3D shapes

The synthesis of zinc silicate‐coated microparticles with well‐controlled three‐dimensional (3D) shapes, via chemical modification of the surfaces of diatom microshells, is demonstrated. ZnO nanoparticle‐based coatings were first applied by exposing the microshells to a zinc acetate‐bearing solution and then firing at 700 °C. The ZnO nanoparticles were then allowed to react with the underlying SiO2 micro‐shells at 1050 °C. Thin (submicron), compact, and continuous Zn2SiO4 coatings were generated that conformed to the microshell surfaces. The Zn2SiO4‐coated microparticles retained the starting 3D microshell shape. Given the wide range of microshell shapes available among different species of diatoms (or other SiO2‐forming organisms), this simple and scalable microshell coating method may be used to synthesize functional microparticles with a variety of well‐controlled 3D shapes and tailored silicate chemistries. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Solution characterization of the novel organometallic polymer poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane)

A series of four well-defined poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane) (PFS) samples spanning a molecular weight range of approximately 10,000–100,000 g mol−1 was synthesized by the living anionic polymerization of dimethyl[1]silaferrocenophane initiated with n-BuLi. The polymers possessed narrow polydispersities and were used to characterize the solution behavior of PFS in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The weight-average molecular weights (Mw ) of the polymers were determined by low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS), conventional gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and GPC equipped with a triple detector (refractive index, light scattering, and viscosity). The molecular weight calculated by conventional GPC, with polystyrene standards, underestimated the true value in comparison with LALLS and GPC with the triple detection system. The Mark–Houwink parameter a for PFS in THF was 0.62 (k = 2.5 × 10−4), which is indicative of fairly marginal polymer–solvent interactions. The scaling exponent between the radius of gyration and Mw was 0.54, also consistent with marginal polymer–solvent interactions for PFS in THF. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 3032–3041, 2000
Short-chain basket handle porphyrins: synthesis and characterisation

Basket handle porphyrins containing short p- or m-phenylenedimethylenedioxy chains covalently linked at the ortho position of phenyl groups of 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin have been synthesised. Isomer I of the para derivative (H2LIa) and isomers II and III(H2LIIb and H2LIIIb) of the meta derivative have been characterised by various spectroscopic methods. Electronic and 1H NMR spectral studies indicate significant distortion of the porphyrin skeleton in these derivatives. Protonation of the free-base derivatives results in a small blue shift of the Q bands, attributed to the lack of conjugation between the phenyl groups and the porphyrin plane because of restricted rotation of the porphyrin–phenyl bond. The bridging phenylenedimethylenedioxy group does not interfare with the axial ligation of metal derivatives (Co2+ and Zn2+) of H2LIIb and H2LIIIb. Electrochemical studies indicate easier oxidations and more difficult reductions for the free-base derivatives relative to the corresponding unstrapped derivative, attributed in the former case to the loss of coplanarity due to distortion and in the latter to destabilisation of the anions and dianions due to the lack of solvation. Redox potential data for [CoLIIb] indicate that the metal centred molecular orbital A1(dz2) is situated above the filled A2u orbital of the porphyrin ring.
Determination of selenium speciation in biogenic particles and sediments

Selenium can exist in a variety of chemical forms in the suspended particles and bottom sediments of natural waters. A procedure for sediments and planktonic material has been developed that uses a multistep nitric/perchloric acids digestion to solubilize total selenium and a weak sodium hydroxide treatment to release selenite and selenate. The solubilized selenium species are determined by a selective hydride generation/atomic absorption technique. Accuracy was verified by using a combination of standard reference materials, radiotracers, and existing sediment leach methods. For field and reference samples the average precision (relative standard deviation) for total selenium determinations is 8.8% (n = 8 samples) and 19.3% for selenite + selenate determinations (n = 6 samples). The detection limit for total particulate selenium is 10 ng/g using a sample size of 0.2 g. The method has been used on a variety of plankton, planktonic detritus, and sediment samples. 22 references, 1 figure, 3 tables.
Tridiagonal Fermi resonance structure in the IR spectrum of the excited CH chromophore in CF3H

The absorption spectrum of trifluoromethane has been recorded between 900 and 14 000 cm−1 with resolutions between 0.004 and 0.5 cm−1 (pressure broadened). 22 bands were assigned as arising from the interacting CH stretching and bending manifolds, which account for most of the absorption in the overtone region. The results can be understood quantitatively with an effective, tridiagonal many‐level Fermi resonance Hamiltonian. The experimental and theoretical results are summarized in Table II. The Hamiltonian is given in Table III and shows a very large stretching–bending interaction constant ‖ksbb‖=106 cm−1, which is even larger than the diagonal anharmonic constant for the stretching vibration ‖x′ss‖=62 cm−1. This leads to extensive vibrational redistribution between stretching and bending motions at high levels of excitation. The time dependent redistribution is calculated with the spectroscopic Hamiltonian. A rotational analysis is presented for some of the bands involved in the Fermi resonance. The ef.
Equilibrium density of h- in a low pressure hydrogen plasma

The equilibrium density of hydrogen negative ions in a hydrogen low pressure plasma was calculated taking into account the various known production and destruction processes. It is shown that in most plasma conditions the contribution of dissociative recombination to H- production is essential. Due to this process higher H - densities are calculated than those obtained when dissociative electron attachment only is considered. However the calculated densities are ∼ 100 times lower than the experimental values found in low pressure hydrogen plasmas. This discrepancy suggests that the dominant negative ion formation process in hydrogen plasma has not yet been identified.
Experimental study on temperature dependence of dispersion of G.652 fiber and its effect on high speed optical communication system and compensation

Temperature dependence of dispersion of G.652 fiber is experimental studied. The dispersion and dispersion slop variations over a temperature rang of 80°C, from -20°C to 60°C are measured. The effects of temperature dependence of dispersion on 80Gbit/s 100km OTDM system is experimental studied. Eye diagrams ascribed to the temperature of -20°C, 0°C, 20°C, 40°C, 60°C are demonstrated after 100km transmission link. The effect was also evaluated by BER curves. At last, dispersion thermal coefficient and dispersion slope thermal coefficient of dispersion compensating fiber were experimentally measured. The possibility of dynamically compensating chromatic dispersion and chromatic dispersion slope of G.652 fiber due to environmental temperature alterations by controlling the temperature of dispersion compensating fiber is proposed.
Analysis of the essential oil of wild oregano from Martinique (Coleus aromaticus Benth.): evaluation of its bacteriostatic and fungistatic properties

ABSTRACT The secretory elements of the essential oil from Coleus aromaticus from Martinique were observed under the scanning electron microscope. The composition of the oil was analyzed and found to consist mainly of phenoh'c components, with carvacrol (72%) being the major compound. Five compounds were identified for the first time in the oil of C. aromaticus. They were (Z)-1,3-hexadiene (0.1%), (Z)-3-hexenol (0.6%), (E,Z)-α-farnesene (0.2%), (E.E)-α-farnesene (0.2%) and α-muurolene (0.2%). The biostatic activity of the leaf oil was tested on six bacterial and six fungal strains. It was found to have activity against Vibrio cholera with a MIC of 0.125 mg/mL.
Classification and discrimination of automotive glass using LA-ICP-MS

Glass is one of the most common types of trace evidence found at crime scenes and on suspects. The elemental analysis of float glass has become increasingly important as the range in values of refractive index has substantially narrowed due to increased quality control in glass manufacture. The purpose of this research was to investigate the variation of elements in automotive float glass relevant to New Zealand for the purpose of classifying and discriminating samples. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was used to analyse the elemental composition of 243 automotive glass samples. An intact side window (tempered pane) and an intact windscreen (laminated pane) were analysed to investigate the spatial trend of elements in automotive glass. Most elements displayed no spatial variation over the panes. Pb had the largest variation in the windscreen and was also found to have a large variation in the database. Most samples were able to be classified into the vehicles' country of origin using a multiclass classifier. However, this was not possible for all samples, due to the origin of glass differing from the origin of the vehicle in some cases. The elemental composition of Australian and Northern Hemisphere samples differed greatly making them easy to separate; however, there was little variation within the Australian samples, making it hard to discriminate between different samples. A three step method, which combined the use of elemental composition, ΔRI and RI, was used to discriminate database samples. The method distinguished 84% (172/204) of samples in the database. When Australian samples were removed from the analysis, the discrimination increased to 95% (148/156). The type II errors were reduced by using both elemental composition and RI measurement.
Electro-conductive nanotubular sheet of indium tin oxide as fabricated from the cellulose template

Free-standing, nanotubular ITO sheet with different In/Sn ratios was fabricated by the surface sol–gel process using cellulose filter paper as template. The resulting materials have a hierarchical structure originating from the morphology of cellulosic paper, and the ITO nanotubes are composed of interconnected layers of ITO nanocrystals of a few nanometres. Semiconducting behavior was observed at temperatures above room temperature, probably because electronic migration is strongly affected by the scattering at the boundary between nanocrystals. The ITO sheet with In/Sn ratio of 93.5/6.5 showed an intrinsic electronic conductivity (0.53 S cm−1) that is higher than those of other nanostructured ITO, and a very low apparent density (3.3% of neat ITO). These features indicate that the nanotubular ITO sheet has a potential use for chemical sensors and other devices.
The transition from water continuous to oil continuous flow pattern

The present study attempts to develop an objective flow pattern indicator to identify phase inversion during liquid-liquid two-phase flow through a horizontal pipe. A novel optical probe has been used for this purpose. The probability density function (PDF) analysis and the wavelet multiresolution technique have been adopted to detect the shift of phase continuity. Further attempts have been made to understand the interfacial configurations when oil is the predominant phase in the flow passage. Since little can be revealed through visualization or photography related techniques under such conditions, the information obtained from the probe signals at low phase flow rates has been exploited for this purpose. In addition, a sampling technique has been devised to verify the distribution as obtained from the probe signals. The ambivalent range between the oil-dispersed and the water-dispersed regime has been observed to be in close agreement to the empirical and analytical equations available in literature.
Pressure-induced changes in electronic absorption spectrum in oleic acid

A small absorption of light has been observed in the visible region of spectrum in oleic acid, whereas a strong increase in the absorption has been observed in the near the ultraviolet region. The increase in absorption in the visible region after the application of pressure has been observed using an apparatus constructed in the Faculty laboratory. A small amount of rhodamine 6G (C28H31N2O3Cl) was added to some amount of oleic acid (C18H34O2) and the examination of the mixture showed the reshaping of the absorption chart as a function of light wavelength. Pressure-induced changes of the VIS absorption spectrum in the mixture of rhodamine 6G and oleic acid have been observed compared with those of the absorption spectrum of the mixture of rhodamine 6G in ethanol. The analysis of the absorption bands of mixtures rhodamine 6G in ethanol and rhodamine 6G in oleic acid has been approximated with the sum of Gaussian curves. The analyses of these absorption charts have shown that probably VIS absorption of the mixture of rhodamine 6G in oleic acid is probably a result of imposition of the absorption spectrum of rhodamine 6G and that charge transfer complexes are formed.
Absorption Behavior of a Modified Cellulose Hydrogel for both Fluoride and Arsenic

This work reports a cationic modified cellulose hydrogel for fluoride and arsenic adsorption. This adsorbent had a high efficiency in removal of F-, AsO2- and AsO43- simultaneously from aqueous solutions, even at low initial concentrations. Adsorption kinetics showed the relatively rapid rate to reach equilibrium, as could be explained by the pseudo-second-order model and the intraparticle diffusion model within 20 min before the equilibrium. Freundlich model could fit the adsorption process best, and the results showed the improved arsenic adsorption performances especially for AsO43-, much larger than other reported absorbents.
Wave front behavior in adsorption reactors

This paper describes computer modeling experiments for single adsorbate flow through a packed‐bed adsorption reactor to examine the behavior of concentration “wave fronts” for aqueous and solid phases. Conclusions were: (1) The shape of the wave front assumes a steady‐state shape after development; (2) the wave front has constant velocity; (3) the solid‐phase wave front is synoptic with the aqueous‐phase wave front; (4) the wave‐front velocity can be predicted from isotherm data; and (5) the adsorbate‐concentration breakthrough curve can be calculated from wave‐front data. These conclusions relate directly to design and operation. First, the length of the reactor can be calculated by wave‐front velocity, which can be determined from isotherm data. Second, for pilot plant studies the major interest includes wave‐front shape, length, and velocity. Third, in operation, the progress of the wave front should be monitored to predict the breakthrough curve.
Ferroelectric Domain Walls in BaTiO3: Fingerprints in XRPD Diagrams and Quantitative HRTEM Image Analysis

Une etude de la structure des murs de domaines ferroelectriques dans BaTiO 3 est realisee a travers deux approches complementaires : une approche globale par une methode fine d'analyse des diagrammes de poudre de diffraction des rayons X, et une autre tres locale par une methode quantitative d'analyse des images obtenues par microscopie electronique de haute resolution. Ces deux approches originales convergent vers une description claire des murs de domaines a 90°: c'est une region large de 4-6 nm ou la discontinuite cristallographique est accommodee par des deplacements atomiques irreguliers. Ces resultats montrent que la description structurale theorique communement utilisee pour des calculs d'energies est de loin trop simpliste. Les methodologies developpees, propres a chacune des analyses structurales utilisees, peuvent etre appliquees a l'etude de tout autre materiau ferroelectrique, mais aussi a tout autre materiau cristallise ou des maclages ou interfaces coherentes sont attendues.
Deposição e deriva de calda fungicida aplicada em feijoeiro, em função de bico de pulverização e de volume de calda

The fungicide application technology should provide efficient control of vegetable diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the deposition and the drift of fungicide sprayed in a common bean crop with different nozzles and two volumes of application. A completely randomized block design with four replications was used, in a factorial model 2 x 2: two spray nozzles (standard flat fan and hollow cone) and two spray volumes (125 and 250 L ha-1). The study of deposition was made by a tracer analysis in different positions of the crop, using spectrophotometer. The drift was evaluated using artificial targets placed outside the application area. The fungicide, with the tracer was applied three times, using a CO2 - pressurized sprayer. The results allowed the following conclusions: the flat fan and hollow cone nozzles provided similar cover of the bean leaves, both in the superior and the inferior position of the crop; the application volume of 250 L ha-1 provided higher retention of fungicide in the leaves and higher uniformity of coverage of the plants than the volume of 125 L ha-1; the droplets formed in the application with hollow cone nozzles were more favorable to the drift than the ones produced with flat fan nozzles, specially when low application volume was used; and the applications, in general, provided low deposition uniformity and high drift potential.
JCPDS—International Centre for Diffraction Data round robin study of silver behenate. A possible low-angle X-ray diffraction calibration standard

A task group of the JCPDS—International Center for Diffraction Data (ICDD) was established with the charge of investigating the use of silver behenate, CH3(CH2)20COO·Ag, as a possible low-angle calibration standard for powder diffraction applications. Utilizing several data collection and analysis techniques, long-period spacing (d001) values with a range of 58.219–58.480 Å were obtained. Using the same collected data and one data analysis refinement calculation method resulted in dm values with a range of 58.303–58.425 Å. Data collected using a silicon internal standard and the same singular data analysis calculation method provided d001 values with a range of 58.363–58.381 Å.
Oxidative trimerization of indole: on the formation of dications and radical cations by reaction of indole and nitrosobenzene in the presence of acids

The reactions of indole with nitrosobenzene in the presence of acetic, monochloroacetic, monobromoacetic and trichloroacetic acid afford as the main product a deep-green precipitate, which in a preceding study had been erroneously identified as the aminyl radical of a trimer indole. The identity of the minor products was confirmed. This paper deals with the determination of the correct structure of the compounds contained in the precipitate through a study based on chemical reactions, electrochemical measurements and X-ray analysis.
Characterization of document paper using elemental compositions determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Comparison of the origin of successive pages of a multiple page document can provide important forensic evidence in cases of document fraud. The use of elemental compositions, determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), to characterize paper is reported. Samples of commonly used office document paper (white, A4, 80 gsm) from seventeen different sources, were analysed for their elemental composition, after microwave digestion in nitric acid–hydrogen peroxide solution. The limits of detection, instrumental precision and potential matrix interferences were established for the 23 most abundant elements found in paper. The variability of distribution for these elements within a ream of paper was determined. Nine elements (Na, Mg, Al, Mn, Sr, Y, Ba, La and Ce) were selected as suitable discriminators because their concentrations were sufficiently high and uniform. All seventeen papers could be distinguished by statistical t-tests (99% confidence) using only two of these elemental concentrations (Mn and Sr). The results are also presented using ternary plots which use three inter-element associations to display the differences in paper composition. Four separate batches of a single product line from the same mill, manufactured at monthly intervals, were also discriminated using elemental concentrations. Three unknown samples, chosen randomly from among the seventeen papers, were correctly identified from their elemental composition; two unknown samples from the four batches were similarly identified. The results show that elemental analysis, using ICP-MS, provides an effective and robust technique for the discrimination of document paper.
Synthesis of Functionalized Aryliron Complexes by Palladium-Catalyzed Transmetalation between [CpFe(CO)2I] and Arylzinc or Arylboron Reagents

Transmetalation between [CpFe(CO)2I] and arylzinc reagents or arylboronic acids under palladium catalysis yields the corresponding aryliron complexes [CpFe(CO)2Ar]. The reactions offer easy and reliable accesses to a variety of [CpFe(CO)2Ar] species bearing a functionalized aryl group.