Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal effects on potato production under conventional and small seed plot technologies in the Mt. Elgon zone

Potato production in the Mt. Elgon zone of Uganda is constrained by seasonal variations, lack of clean seed and the challenges of pests and diseases. Consequently, yield hardly exceeds 2.9 t ha -1 yet a potential of 10 t ha -1 can be realised. This study was conducted to determine the effect of seasons and the small seed plot technology in enhancing seed potato production in the Mt. Elgon zone. On-farm trials were conducted in Bududa, Sironko, Manafwa, Kapchorwa and Kween districts in the first and second seasons of 2011. Results showed higher potato yield in Kapchorwa and Kween in the second season compared to the other districts. However, Bududa district has potential to achieve relatively higher potato yield in both seasons. Number of tubers were more in small seed plots than conventional potato planting with significant effects (P < 0.05) in Bududa and Kapchorwa. Number of tubers with bacterial wilt were higher in conventional potato planting than the small seed plots, with Manafwa and Sironko registering the highest incidence. Though bacterial wilt and late blight incidence was not significantly different in the two seasons, infected tubers for both pathogens were more in Manafwa and Sironko for bacterial wilt, and Bududa and Kapchorwa for late blight. Principal component analysis revealed that tuber numbers and potato tuber moth damage was more associated with environment in Kween. The results demonstrated that potato productivity in the Mt. Elgon zone is higher in the second season, with the small seed plot technology being favourable for small land holdings than conventional potato planting. Key words : Bacterial wilt, conventional potato planting, late blight, seed potato, small seed plot technology
Uptake selectivity of Methanesulfonic Acid (MSA) on fine
particles over polynya regions of the Ross Sea, Antarctica

The uptake of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) on existing particles is a major route of the particulate MSA formation, however, MSA uptake on different particles is still lacking in knowledge. Characteristics of MSA uptake on different aerosol particles were investigated in polynya (an area of open sea water surrounded by ice) regions of the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Particulate MSA mass concentrations, as well as aerosol population and size distribution, were observed simultaneously for the first time to access the uptake of MSA on different particles. The results show that MSA mass concentration does not always reflect MSA particle population in the marine atmosphere. MSA uptake on aerosol particle increases the particle size and changes aerosol chemical composition, but it does not increase the particle population. The uptake rate of MSA on particles is significantly influenced by aerosol chemical properties. Sea salt particles are beneficial for MSA uptake, as MSA-Na and MSA-Mg particles are abundant in the Na and Mg particles, accounting for 0.43±0.21 and 0.41±0.20 of the total Na and Mg particles, respectively. However, acidic and hydrophobic particles suppress the uptake of MSA, as MSA-EC (elemental carbon) and MSA-SO2− 4 particles account for only 0.24± 0.68 and 0.26± 0.47 of the total EC and SO2− 4 particles, respectively. The results extend the knowledge of the formation and environmental behavior of MSA in the marine atmosphere.
Microsoft Translator Hub for Māori language

Recent improvements in Machine Translation (MT) software has opened new possibilities for applications of automatic language translation. But can these opportunities exist for the smaller, minority languages of the world? Training data was collected for the language pair of Māori and English which was used to build an MT system using Microsoft’s Translator Hub software. A comparative analysis was undertaken with this system and Google Translate. Various MT metrics and analysis software was considered before deciding to use the Asiya toolkit to undertake the comparative analysis. Māori language experts were also used to provide a human perspective on the output translations. The overall results showed no significant difference in the translation quality produced by the two systems. Despite some misgivings around the accuracy of the translations these results do show promise for MT usage by minority languages.
COMMITTEE FOR REHABILITATION, PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SOCIAL INTEGRATION OF POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIEN CES INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SPORT KINETICS – IASK

Aim of the study. The aim of this study was to assess the scope and direction of long-term change tendencies in indicators of mental, physical, and motor development, and to assess the correlation between the level of non-verbal intelligence and indicators of physical development and between the level of non-verbal intelligence and selected components of physical fitness (measured according to under the health-related fitness convention) among children aged 4–14 years from different social backgrounds in the Małopolska Province. Material. Observed was the level of motor, somatic, and mental development among girls and boys aged 4–14 years between 2005 and 2010 in three different-sized agglomerations in the Małopolska Province: the city of Kraków, the village of Barcice, and the town of Sławków. A total of 1429 children were assessed, including 202 girls and 217 boys from Barcice, 221 girls and 199 boys from Sławków, and 274 girls and 316 boys from Kraków. Methodology. In accordance with the aim of the study, selected indicators of somatic, motor, and mental development among children were compared to the corresponding data for 1975–1980 from the same agglomerations. Results. The level of physical, motor, and mental development among children from the Małopolska Province in the 21st century indicates that during the period of political transformations, beneficial changes in the children’s biological and mental development conditions occurred only in villages and towns. In the first decade of the 21st century, the place of residence had a lesser effect on physical, mental, and motor development than in the last decades of the 20th century. At the turn of the 21th century, beneficial changes occurred in the adjustment of non-verbal intelligence development to the rate of biological development in children. The Flynn effect n the Małopolska Province seemed to occur only in towns and only to a limited extent. The scope and direction of long-term change tendencies in the mental conditions of the motor potential among children from the Małopolska Province indicate a need to improve the efficiency of realizing educational aims, i.e, the conscious shaping of the need to participate in various forms of physical culture and improve one’s motor abilities that constitute components of Health-Related Fitness (H-RF). NR 64 2013 AN TRO PO MO TO RY KA
MOBILE PHONE IMAGING FOR CH FAÇADE MODELLING

Abstract. The use of digital images as a source data for analysis and knowledge of the built environment is a common and well-known topic, which has seen a significant increase in the last fifteen years thanks both to algorithmic and technological development. One of the sensor families which has shown significant development in the last period are those mounted on smartphones, which offer ever increasingly advanced solutions from the technological and technical point of view. Considering the portability, handling and continuous availability of these instruments, it is legitimate to wonder if their cameras can be considered nowadays an effective working tool for architects and restorers. So, is the metric data, that comes from smartphones images acquisition and processing, reliable and usable for the two main phases of analysis and representation of the built environment? Starting from the case study of a façade of a church in the historic centre of Rome, the article aims to determine the reliability of the data acquired from a smartphone for architectural analysis and deterioration mapping.
CONSCIOUS BY DEFAULT

In the 1990s researchers discovered task-deactivated regions in the human brain. Together, these areas make up the default mode network (DMN). It was originally proposed to act as a balancing mechanism between different brain systems, explaining the deactivations, but is now mostly studied with regards to internal awareness, such as daydreaming and mental imagery. The purpose of this thesis is to present a summary of DMN research, focusing on the network’s suggested role in internal awareness. This will be done by reviewing a wide variety of research that either explicitly or indirectly correlate default mode network features with aspects of consciousness and internal awareness. The subjective experience of being conscious have been a source of argument primarily among philosophers, but the qualities we feel are intimately linked to cognitive functions that are supported by the regions found in the DMN. Cognitive neuroscience may therefore be able to contribute to the concept of internal awareness and consciousness.
Review on ESMValTool v2.0 – Extended set of large-scale diagnostics for quasi-operational and comprehensive evaluation of Earth system models in CMIP

Abstract. The Earth System Model Evaluation Tool (ESMValTool) is a community diagnostics and performance metrics tool designed to improve comprehensive and routine evaluation of Earth System Models (ESMs) participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). It has undergone rapid development since the first release in 2016 and is now a well-tested tool that provides end-to-end provenance tracking to ensure reproducibility. It consists of an easy-to-install, well documented Python package providing the core functionalities (ESMValCore) that performs common pre-processing operations and a diagnostic part that includes tailored diagnostics and performance metrics for specific scientific applications. Here we describe large-scale diagnostics of the second major release of the tool that supports the evaluation of ESMs participating in CMIP Phase 6 (CMIP6). ESMValTool v2.0 includes a large collection of diagnostics and performance metrics for atmospheric, oceanic, and terrestrial variables for the mean state, trends, and variability. ESMValTool v2.0 also successfully reproduces figures from the evaluation and projections chapters of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) and incorporates updates from targeted analysis packages, such as the NCAR Climate Variability Diagnostics Package for the evaluation of modes of variability the Thermodynamic Diagnostic Tool (TheDiaTo) to evaluate the energetics of the climate system, as well as parts of AutoAssess that contains a mix of top-down performance metrics. The tool has been fully integrated into the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) infrastructure at the Deutsches Klima Rechenzentrum (DKRZ) to provide evaluation results from CMIP6 model simulations shortly after the output is published to the CMIP archive. A result browser has been implemented that enables advanced monitoring of the evaluation results by a broad user community at much faster timescales than what was possible in CMIP5.
PET/CT and the sentinel node technique

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies. Its treatment is highly dependent on the presence or absence of metastases. The available invasive and non-invasive modalities for detecting metastases are imperfect. Positron-emission tomography fused with computed tomography (PET/CT) is a non-invasive method for detecting metastases that is presently evaluated for prostate cancer. Fluoride and choline are PET/CT tracers with different properties; fluoride detects bone metastases only, while choline may detect metastases in bone, lymph nodes, and other organs. Sentinel node (SN) detection is an invasive method that allows selective dissection of the lymph nodes most likely to contain metastases. The SN technique may increase the detection rate by identifying metastases also outside the template of a standard lymphadenectomy. The clinical implications of the combination of choline and fluoride PET/CT were prospectively evaluated in Study I. The findings of choline PET/CT were compared with extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) in Study II. The clinical implications of early choline PET/CT in patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) was evaluated in Study III. SN detection was prospectively evaluated and compared with ePLND in Study IV. The main results were: 1) A fifth of patients with high-risk prostate cancer and normal or inconclusive planar bone scan had extensive metastatic findings on the PET/CT exams, leading to change of management. The choline and fluoride scans did on their own indicate metastases in patients in which the other scan did not. 2) Choline PET/CT had a high specificity (0.98) but, depending on the cut-off value of tracer uptake, had a low sensitivity (0.21–0.46) for lymph node metastases. 3) Choline PET/CT indicated metastases in 28% of hormone-naïve patients with BCR after RP and prostatespecific antigen of less than 2 ng/mL. 4) SN detection performed at least equal to ePLND in determining lymph node stage, with sensitivity 0.96. Conclusions: Choline and fluoride PET/CT and SN detection may be valuable diagnostic modalities for detecting metastases of prostate cancer.
Impact of convectively lofted ice on the seasonal cycle of water vapor in the tropical tropopause layer

Abstract. We use a forward Lagrangian trajectory model to diagnose mechanisms that produce the water vapor seasonal cycle observed by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and reproduced by the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry-Climate Model (GEOSCCM) in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). We confirm in both the MLS and GEOSCCM that the seasonal cycle of water vapor entering the stratosphere is primarily determined by the seasonal cycle of TTL temperatures. However, we find that the seasonal cycle of temperature predicts a smaller seasonal cycle of TTL water vapor between 10 and 40 ∘ N than observed by MLS or simulated by the GEOSCCM. Our analysis of the GEOSCCM shows that including evaporation of convective ice in the trajectory model increases both the simulated maximum value of the 100 hPa 10–40 ∘ N water vapor seasonal cycle and the seasonal-cycle amplitude. We conclude that the moistening effect from convective ice evaporation in the TTL plays a key role in regulating and maintaining the seasonal cycle of water vapor in the TTL. Most of the convective moistening in the 10–40 ∘ N range comes from convective ice evaporation occurring at the same latitudes. A small contribution to the moistening comes from convective ice evaporation occurring between 10 ∘ S and 10 ∘ N. Within the 10–40 ∘ N band, the Asian monsoon region is the most important region for convective moistening by ice evaporation during boreal summer and autumn.
Plagiarism and Poor Academic Practice – A Threat to the Extension of e-Learning in Higher Education?

Concern has recently increased in the British higher education system that the incidences of plagiarism (the passing of someone else’s work as though it were one’s own) may be rapidly increasing. After an examination of the prevalence of plagiarism and some of the reasons advanced for its increase, the paper examines some solutions which are typically advocated. The implications for e-Learning and on-line learning cultures will be assessed.
Airport Restroom Cleanliness Prediction Using Real Time User Feedback Data

Large airports aim to offer a maximized experience to its passengers. A main contributor to customer experience is the cleanliness of restrooms, which is measured by feedback devices installed in restrooms at airports. This paper reviews to what extent real-time feedback data and classification techniques can be useful in practice to predict the cleanliness of restrooms. Within this topic, different class definitions of clean and unclean are introduced and a distinction is made between a combined prediction model that includes the entire environment and restroom specific prediction models that focus only on a single restroom. The dataset is imbalanced and visualizations show that there is class overlap. To overcame these limitations various sampling methods with two different encoding mechanisms are investigated. Sampling methods do not improve the performance of the combined prediction model but do improve the performance of some of the restroom-specific prediction models, especially those with a high class imbalance. The major cause of the unsatisfying performance is not class imbalance, but the data ambiguity that leads to class overlap. To obtain prediction models that are useful in practice, we provide recommendations regarding the dataset and how this should be enriched with features that are capable of distinguishing the two classes more clearly.
Viscosity Measurement of Blended Patchouli Oil at Atmospheric Pressure and Room Temperature

Patchouli is an essential oil used in perfumes, cosmetics, soaps, insect repellents and also a candidate for biodiesel from non-edible oil. Patchouli oil from Aceh Province, Indonesia, is generally produced using a distillation process. The relationships between physical properties, i.e. the viscosity and quality, of patchouli oil from Aceh Province and blends with other oils, were investigated. The mixture oils used were palm oil, kerosene and lubricant oil SAE 40. The mixture compositions were 100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75 and 0:100 (v/v). It was found that mixing palm crude oil (25%) or lubricant oil (25%) with patchouli oil increased the viscosity by about 41% and 72%, respectively, compared with pure patchouli oil. A 53% decrease in viscosity was observed when the patchouli oil blend contained 25% kerosene. Natural variation in patchouli alcohol (PA) and iron (Fe) content in the patchouli oil sample was found to increase the value of viscosity by up to 1.5%.
Multiparametric Mr imaging

180 radiology.rsna. org n Radiology: Volume 284: Number 1—July 2017 1 From the Cambridge Brain Tumour Imaging Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (N.R.B., T.J.L., A.v.d.H., J.L.Y., S.J.P.), Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (N.R.B., T.J.L., J.L.Y., S.J.P.), and Department of Radiology (T.M., A.v.d.H.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England; Cancer Trials Unit Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, England (T.M.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (A.v.d.H.); Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan (J.L.Y.); and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan (J.L.Y.). Received January 27, 2016; revision requested April 4; revision received October 2; accepted November 16; final version accepted January 5, 2017. Address correspondence to N.R. B. (e-mail: natalie. boonzaier@cantab.net).
Budgetary Participation’s Antecedent of Information Asymmetry and its Outcomes

The purpose of this study is to investigate the antecedents and outcomes of budgetary participation. More specifically, I propose that a lack of information fosters budgetary participation. A high degree of participation allows the managers to have a favourable attitude toward budget attained and in turn, this leads to a low degree of budgetary creation slack. The questionnaire data obtained from 115 Vietnamese managers was used to test the proposed model. The results suggest that highly asymmetric information demands high participative budgeting. When participating more in the budgeting process, the managers’ attitude toward the budget attained was favourable, and in turn, this leads to the decrease of budgetary slack creation. These findings contribute to the budgeting literature in a threefold manner. First, this study supports the argument that the demand for participation is high when there is highly asymmetric information. Second, the results suggest that the managers’ attitude toward the budget attained mediates the relationship between budgetary participation and the managers’ creation of budgetary slack. Third, by using the theory of planned behaviour, this study has explained how and why a favourable attitude toward the budget attained leads to the low creation of budgetary slack.
Aggregate Earnings Surprises and Inflation Forecasts

We show that aggregate earnings surprises contain information about future inflation, but macroeconomic forecasters do not fully utilize this information in generating their forecasts. Earnings news, aggregated across firms releasing earnings in a three-month period, predicts forecast errors in Producer Price Index (PPI) released in the subsequent two months. These aggregate earnings surprises do not predict forecast errors for Consumer Price Index (CPI). The results are robust to alternative specifications, and they are driven by a broad cross-section of firms rather than limited to isolated industries like the financial services industry or the retail industry. With respect to the capital markets, the bond market’s reaction to PPI news is predictable based on previously released aggregate earnings news. Collectively, the results indicate that neither macroeconomic forecasters nor bond market investors fully incorporate information in aggregate earnings surprises for future PPI. * We appreciate helpful comments from Bill Cready, Yaniv Konchitchki, Peter Pope and seminar participants at Harvard Business School, Cass Business School and the 11 London Business School Accounting Symposium. Oktay Urcan acknowledges the financial support from London Business School Research and Materials Development (RAMD) Fund.
NUMERACY AND CAUSE-RELATED MARKETING 1 How to present donations: The moderating role of numeracy in cause-related marketing

Purpose: Cause-related marketing (CRM) is a sales strategy that is used to improve the success of a product by including a donation to a charitable cause in its price. While marketers can present CRM donations to consumers as either absolute amounts or percentages, the predominant practice in marketing is to use the latter. As the influence of such presentation formats is not well understood, the purpose of the present experiments was to systematically examine their effects while taking into account the numerical ability (numeracy) of the consumers. Design/methodology/approach: In two experiments, we manipulated the presentation format of the donation amounts (absolute vs. percentage) and measured individual differences in numeracy. We also varied the product type (hedonic vs. utilitarian) and sales price. We measured the effects on purchase intentions across a wide range of products. Findings: The results of both experiments consistently supported our hypothesis that for people with lower numeracy, their purchase intentions were higher when absolute donation amounts were presented. We found this effect for high and low price levels and for hedonic and utilitarian products. Originality/value: The present research shows that the current practice of presenting donations in percentages is inferior to presenting donations in absolute amounts because a large number of consumers have trouble interpreting percentages appropriately. The present research indicates that the default option for marketing managers should be to present donations in absolute amounts for hedonic and utilitarian products with low and high prices.