Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On-line Batch Process Monitoring Using Different Unfolding Method and Independent Component Analysis

In many industries, the effective monitoring and control of batch processes is crucial to the production of high-quality materials. Several techniques using multivariate statistical analysis have been developed for monitoring and fault detection of batch processes. Multiway principal component analysis (MPCA) has shown a powerful monitoring performance in many industrial batch processes. However, it has shortcomings that all batch lengths should be equalized and future values of batches should be estimated for on-line monitoring. In order to overcome these drawbacks and obtain better monitoring performance, we propose a new statistical method for on-line batch process monitoring that uses different unfolding method and independent component analysis (ICA). If the measured data set contains non-Gaussian latent variables, the ICA solution can extract the original source signal to a much greater extent than the PCA solution since ICA involves higher-order statistics and is not based on the assumption that the latent variables follow a multivariate Gaussian distribution. The proposed monitoring method was applied to fault detection and identification in the simulation benchmark of the fed-batch penicillin production, which is characterized by some fault sources with non-Gaussian characteristics. The simulation results clearly show the power and advantages of the proposed method in comparison to MPCA.
Research on the Potential of Energy Internet Business Model Based on Blockchain Technology

In recent years, as digital cryptocurrencies have gradually entered people's field of vision, the underlying blockchain technology has also attracted the attention of researchers. As a distributed ledger technology, blockchain has the characteristics of multi-party maintenance, non-tampering, openness and transparency. At the same time, blockchain technology is considered to be a technology with more research significance after the Internet. Blockchain technology has distributed accounting and storage, does not rely on data backup of intermediate institutions, and nodes share resources through smart contracts and are open and transparent, automatic execution, mandatory performance, and non-tamperable. This article combines blockchain and energy Internet technology. Because both have the characteristics of decentralization, high autonomy, marketization, and intelligence, they have greater application prospects. This article describes the application scenario analysis of distributed transactions in the energy Internet. First, the regional electricity sales model based on blockchain technology will be adopted to promote the implementation of distributed smart energy metering and settlement scenarios through a trustless smart contract mechanism. Secondly, it elaborates the business model of internal bidding energy consumption based on the weak centralization of blockchain technology. This model uses multi-party bidding to optimize the allocation of resources such as cold, heat, and electricity, restores the commodity and financial attributes of energy, and can greatly improve the energy efficiency and economic benefits of the microgrid.
Large-area low-jitter silicon single photon avalanche diodes

Single photon counting (SPC) and time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) techniques have been developed in the past four decades relying on photomultiplier tubes (PMT), but interesting alternatives are nowadays provided by solid-state single photon detectors. In particular, silicon Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPAD) fabricated in planar technology join the typical advantages of microelectronic devices (small size, ruggedness, low operating voltage and low power dissipation, etc.) with remarkable basic performance, such as high photon detection efficiency over a broad spectral range up to 1 μm wavelength, low dark count rate and photon timing jitter of a few tens of picoseconds. In recent years detector modules employing planar SPAD devices with diameter up to 50 µm have become commercially available. SPADs with larger active areas would greatly simplify the design of optical coupling systems, thus making these devices more competitive in a broader range of applications. By exploiting an improved SPAD technology, we have fabricated planar devices with diameter of 200 μm having low dark count rate (1500 c/s typical @ -25 °C). A photon timing jitter of 35 ps FWHM is obtained at room temperature by using a special pulse pick-up network for processing the avalanche current. The state-of-the-art of large-area SPADs will be reviewed and prospects of further progress will be discussed pointing out the challenging issues that must be faced in the design and technology of SPAD devices and associated quenching and timing circuits.
Capacitor placement in distribution systems using heuristic search strategies

Heuristic search strategies are used to determine the optimum capacitor placement and ratings for distribution systems. In the heuristic approach proposed a small number of critical nodes, named sensitive nodes, are selected for installing capacitors that optimise the net savings while achieving a large overall loss reduction. This method insures that voltage constraints are met. This heuristic approach is suitable for large distribution systems and can be useful in online implementation. The proposed approach is applied to a test system and the results are compared with other published techniques.
New Insights in Extreme Crest Height Distributions: A Summary of the ‘CresT’ JIP

The objective of the CresT JIP was ‘to develop models for realistic extreme waves and a design methodology for the loading and response of floating platforms’. Within this objective the central question was: ‘What is the highest (most critical) wave crest that will be encountered by my platform in its lifetime? ’ Based on the presented results for long and short-crested numerical, field and basin results in the paper, it can be concluded that the statistics of long-crested waves are different than those of short-crested waves. But also short-crested waves show a trend to reach crest heights above second order. This is in line with visual observations of the physics involved: crests are sharper than predicted by second order, waves are asymmetric (fronts are steeper) and waves are breaking. Although the development of extreme waves within short-crested sea states still needs further investigation (including the counteracting effect of breaking), at the end of the CresT project the following procedure for taking into account extreme waves in platform design is recommended: 1. For the wave height distribution, use the Forristall distribution (Forristall, 1978). 2. For the crest height distribution, use 2nd order distribution as basis. 3. Both the basin and field measurements show crest heights higher than predicted by second order theory for steeper sea states. It is therefore recommended to apply a correction to the second order distribution based on the basin results. 4. Account for the sampling variability at the tail of the distribution (and resulting remaining possibility of higher crests than given by the corrected second order distribution) in the reliability analysis. 5. Consider the fact that the maximum crest height under a complete platform deck can be considerably higher than the maximum crest at a single point.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Intelligent Diagnosis Method for Rotating Machinery Using Ant Colony Optimization

This paper proposes an intelligent method for diagnosing structural faults of rotating machinery using ant colony optimization (ACO) and non-dimensional symptom parameters (NSPs) in order to detect faults and distinguish fault types at an early stage. NSPs are defined for reflecting the features of vibration signals measured in each state. Detection index (DI) using statistical theory has also been defined to evaluate the applicability of the NSPs. The DI can be used to indicate the fitness of an NSP for ACO. Lastly, the state identification for the condition diagnosis of rotating machinery is converted to a clustering problem of the values of NSPs calculated from vibration signals in different states of the machine. Ant colony optimization (ACO) is also introduced for this purpose. Practical examples of fault diagnosis for rotating machinery are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The verification results show that the structural faults often occurring in a rotation machinery, such as a unbalance, a misalignment and a looseness states are effectively identified by the proposed method.
Coupled Aerodynamic and Hydroelastic Analysis of an Offshore Floating Wind Turbine System Under Wind and Wave Loads

A numerical procedure for the fully coupled aerodynamic and hydroelastic time-domain analysis of an offshore floating wind turbine system including rotor blade dynamics, dynamic motions and flexible deflections of the structural system is illustrated. For the aerodynamic analysis of wind turbine system, a design code FAST developed by National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is employed. It is combined with a time-domain hydroelasticity response analysis code ‘Shell-Stress Oriented Dynamic Analysis Code (SSODAC)’ which has been developed by one of the authors. Then, the dynamic coupling between the rotating blades and the structural system under wind and wave loads is taken into account. By using this method, a series of analysis for the hydroelastic response of an offshore large floating structure with two rotors under combined wave and wind loads is performed. The results are compared with those under the waves and those under the winds, respectively, to investigate the coupled effects in terms of stress as well as motions. The coupling effects between the rotor-blades and the motions are observed in some cases. The impact on the structural design of the floating structure, tower and blade is addressed.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Passive harmonic mode-locking in fiber lasers with graphene

In this work we demonstrate a harmonically mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser utilizing graphene saturable absorber. The laser could operate at various harmonics of the fundamental repetition frequency, depending on the launched pump power. The highest obtained repetition rate was 2.22 GHz, which corresponds to the 21st harmonic of the resonator mode-spacing. At this harmonic, the laser generated sub-picosecond pulses with over 40 dB of supermode noise suppression. Multilayer graphene was obtained by mechanical exfoliation and deposited onto a fiber connector tip, forming a saturable absorber.
Integration of LEDs and VCSELs using fluidic self-assembly

In this paper the integration of LEDs and VCSELs with silicon electronics using fluidic self-assembly (FSA) is reviewed. FSA is a micromechanical technique in which devices fabricated in one substrate can be integrated with systems on a target substrate. The devices to be integrated are etched into shapes or 'blocks' that match receptor sites or 'holes' in the target substrate. After etching, the blocks are suspended in a slurry. This slurry is placed in a recirculation pump along with the target substrate. The pump moves the slurry over the target substrate where the blocks fall into the holes or are swept off the substrate to be circulated again. FSA has been demonstrated with yields > 99 percent for devices of 30 micrometers and larger. Smaller devices have yet to be tested. A five mask process has been developed that successfully integrates GaAs/AlGaAs LEDs and VCSELs on silicon. The critical steps are: 1) etching the receptor sites in the silicon, 2) isolating the sites from the remainder of the substrate, and 3) bonding/contacting the blocks after assembly. The latter bonding step involves thin film metal multilayers on the block and in the receptor that form a hard solder after a low temperature bake step. The remaining steps of planarizing and interconnecting the devices are similar to those used for VLSI.
BbNCPD-Bayesian belief Network Based Contextual Polarity Disambiguation in Sentiment Analysis

Sentiment analysis has enormous contributions and vivid utility in many areas of natural language processing, e-commerce and social network analysis. Although there are several methods designated for this task but major thrust of this domain to develop machine learning based polarity classification of user generated text, review and post. It is even tougher to classify the text containing multi-polarity words. In the meantime, several studies have discussed and focused on contextual information of word in Natural Language Processing. But, due to lack of methodologies, it becomes challenging for contextual polarity disambiguation because no evidence is available which proves that whether the sentiment expressed by the context is correctly identified. Therefore, in this work an effort to compute the quantified amount of polarity of terms/words in a given text, based on its local as well as global contexts. The proposed work contains two major parts, firstly it extracts the local and global features from semantic dependency parsing and co-occurrences with which association of the designated word to be disambiguated with previous polarities. Then, the second part computes a Bayesian belief network of these features along with their conditional probabilities which are used to disambiguate and compute sentiments. The performance of the proposed scheme is exhaustively tested on standard datasets and results clearly show the efficacy of the proposed scheme.
Design of UWB semi-circle-like slot antenna with controllable band-notch function

A novel modified band-rejected circle-like slot antenna with a folded fork-shaped tuning stub, for various UWB applications, is proposed. To achieve band-rejected filtering property at the 5 GHz WLAN bands, the forked-shaped strips are folded back and result in a pair of coupled lines on the tuning stub. Moreover, by optimising the dimensions of the fork-shaped tuning stub, the total bandwidth of the antenna can be greatly improved up to 156%. Measured results show that the realised antenna operates over 2.2-18 GHz for VSWR < 2 and has the notched band from 5.1 to 6.2 GHz.
Temperature Distribution in a Finite Solid Due to a Moving Laser Beam

Laser machining has been gaining a wider field in industrial applications. One of the key factors in this process is to understand accurately the temporal evolution of the temperature field during laser-material interaction, in order to omptimize the input parameters of the process such as laser power and cutting speed. In the present study, a numerical simulation of the temperature distribution generated by a moving laser beam is analyzed in detail for a finite domain. The transient heat conduction is discretized using a control volume approach. The laser source is modeled as a concentrated heat source. Due to high-energy concentration of the laser beam, the region around the laser need to have a finer grid in order to achieve accurate results. A constant grid is generated in the direction of the moving source and a variable grid in the other two directions to obtain a better resolution around the position of the heat source. Radiation and convection effects are also discussed.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Substrate integrated waveguide dual-mode filter using slot lines perturbation

A novel substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) dual-mode filter is proposed. By using an orthogonal input and output feed line, and two slot lines for disturbing two degenerate modes, two transmission zeros are created. A SIW dual-mode filter with centre frequency of 14.42 GHz was fabricated and measured, in which bandwidth is 380 MHz. Measured results show good agreement with simulated results.
APPLICATION OF EXPERT SYSTEMS TO PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BRIDGE DESIGN

The potential merits of the application of expert systems to prestressed concrete bridge design are discussed. After identifying the areas in the design process to which expert systems can best be applied, attention is focussed on the building up of a knowledge base in the domain of conceptual bridge design. The problems involved in the elicitation, validation and representation of the required knowledge are described. A design model is proposed for the selection of different bridge types. Implementation of the model to manipulate design knowledge is illustrated. (Author/TRRL)
Force/Stiffness Technique for Nondestructive Buckling Testing

A plotting procedure is described which predicts local buckling and general instability loads nondestructively during testing. The method is shown to have a simple theoretical basis, and its relationship to the Southwell procedure is discussed. Typical forms of test data plots are cataloged and described, and procedures for application of the method are outlined. The procedure has been used extensively over the past two years with good results. Examples showing applications to combined load testing of beaded and tubular panels, and to proof testing of externally pressurized domes, are described and test data are given. Experience regarding instrumentation, procedural details, and accuracy of the method is discussed.
Novel approach to the design of unequal power divider with high‐dividing ratio

This letter presents the design of an unequal Wilkinson power divider with a high‐dividing ratio. By proportionally reducing the impedances in both arms and employing T‐shaped structure to replace quarter wavelength transmission lines with very low characteristic impedances, the proposed circuit can be constructed by microstrip lines with reasonable characteristic impedances, and therefore is easy to be fabricated and has planar structure. Furthermore, the value of isolating resistor can be flexibly adjusted to an available one. To verify our proposed idea, a 4:1 microstrip unequal power divider operating at 1.9 GHz is fabricated and tested. The ratio of highest to lowest characteristic impedances is only 2.2:1 in this 4:1 unequal power divider, compared with the ratio of 4.5:1 in conventional divider. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1240–1243, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24337
The Modeling of Electromagnetic Linear Actuator for Vehicle Active Suspension System

A new type of electromagnetic linear actuator for vehicle active suspension system is designed. Combined with the finite element analysis tool and electromagnetic induction principle, the finite element model and mathematic model are built up individually. Based on the simulation results, a prototype of electromagnetic linear actuator is developed. By comparison of the finite element simulation results and the experimental data, it shows the correctness of actuator design and simulation model.
Compact 128 InSb focal plane assembly for thermal imaging

A compact focal plane assembly which consists of a linear array of 128 InSb photodiodes and two Si-MOSFET multiplexer IC chips has been developed. The design and fabrication of the photodiode array, the readout circuit on the focal plane, the hybrid packaging, and the operation of the focal plane assembly are described. A small InSb pixel size of 60 microns is used, and the total length of the array is 7.60 mm. A measured radiometric resolution of 0.04 K NE Delta T is obtained for a 300 K target with a simple circuit configuration under the TV-compatible operation.
Transparent optical wireless hubs using wavelength space division multiplexing

In this paper we describe a novel scheme that uses wavelength space division multiplexing to provide high bit rate communications using indoor line of sight (LOS) optical links. In the approach, a dispersive grating, or more complex diffractive optics, is used for passive beam steering. Light from a ceiling mounted hub is steered to a corresponding Mobile Terminal (MT) within a cell in the coverage area, depending on the wavelength that illuminates the dispersive element. The hubs can be optically transparent, passive and theoretically reciprocal. An identical or similar dispersive component can be used in the transceivers at both ends of the hub uplink and downlink. The hubs have the potential to provide data rates of Gbits/s, terminal mobility as well as low complexity. In order to test the concept a one-dimensional (1D) system has been fabricated. A simple 1st order plane diffraction grating with a pitch of 1.1 μm is used to provide 1D beam steering. A dispersive angle of approximately 10 degrees over a wavelength range of 30nm in the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) 'C' band (1530nm - 1560nm) is obtained. Simulation shows that the dispersive angle can be further increased up to 90 degrees using a secondary optical system. Transmission of 1Gb/s data has been demonstrated using this initial configuration. In the paper we discuss these results and further refinement to the system.
Air Cooled Compact Heat Exchanger Design for Avionics Thermal Management Using Published Test Data

This paper will discuss air-cooled compact heat exchanger design using published data. Kays & London’s “Compact Heat Exchangers” [1] contains measured heat transfer and pressure drop data on a variety of circular and rectangular passages including circular tubes, tube banks, straight fins, louvered fins, strip or lanced offset fins, wavy fins and pin fins. While “Compact Heat Exchangers” is the benchmark for air cooled heat exchanger test data it makes no attempt to summarize the results or steer the thermal designer to an optimized design based on the different factors or combination of heat transfer, pressure drop, size, weight, or even cost. Using this reduced data and the analytical solutions provided highly efficient compact heat exchangers could be designed. This paper will guide a thermal engineer toward this optimized design without having to run trade studies on every possible heat exchanger design configuration. Typical applications of published fin data in the aerospace and military electronics include electronics cold plates, card rack walls and air-to-air heat exchangers using fan driven and ECS driven air. Airborne electronics often require extremely dense packaging techniques to fit all the required functions into the available volume. While leaving little room for cooling hardware this also drives power densities up to levels (20 W/sq-cm) that require highly efficient heat transfer techniques. Several design issues are discussed including pressure drop, heat transfer, compactness, axial conduction, flow distribution and passage irregularities (bosses). Comparisons between fin performance are made and conclusions are drawn about the applicability of each type of fin to avionics thermal management.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Analog of electromagnetically induced transparency in coupled one-dimensional photonic crystal cavities

In this paper, the analog to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the double-coupled one-dimensional photonic crystal cavities are proposed and experimentally observed. This EIT-like effect is due to the interference of two resonance modes and the leaky propagation mode. A nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) comb drive is used to align the two resonant wavelengths up, which is first used in the studies of the EIT-like effect. The fabrication of the device bases on the standard semiconductor process. Finally, the evolution of the EIT-like transmission spectrum with the applied voltages is shown in the last part of this paper.