Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physics-as-Inverse-Graphics: Unsupervised Physical Parameter Estimation from Video

We propose a model that is able to perform physical parameter estimation of systems from video, where the differential equations governing the scene dynamics are known, but labeled states or objects are not available. Existing physical scene understanding methods require either object state supervision, or do not integrate with differentiable physics to learn interpretable system parameters and states. We address this problem through a \textit{physics-as-inverse-graphics} approach that brings together vision-as-inverse-graphics and differentiable physics engines, where objects and explicit state and velocity representations are discovered by the model. This framework allows us to perform long term extrapolative video prediction, as well as vision-based model-predictive control. Our approach significantly outperforms related unsupervised methods in long-term future frame prediction of systems with interacting objects (such as ball-spring or 3-body gravitational systems), due to its ability to build dynamics into the model as an inductive bias. We further show the value of this tight vision-physics integration by demonstrating data-efficient learning of vision-actuated model-based control for a pendulum system. We also show that the controller's interpretability provides unique capabilities in goal-driven control and physical reasoning for zero-data adaptation.
Herbage Mass, Forage Accumulation and Nutritive Value of Brachiaria decumbens in a Silvopastoral System

Part of the Plant Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons This document is available at https://uknowledge.uky. edu/igc/22/1-16/12 The 22nd International Grassland Congress (Revitalising Grasslands to Sustain Our Communities) took place in Sydney, Australia from September 15 through September 19, 2013. Proceedings Editors: David L. Michalk, Geoffrey D. Millar, Warwick B. Badgery, and Kim M. Broadfoot Publisher: New South Wales Department of Primary Industry, Kite St., Orange New South Wales, Australia
What Drives the Intensification of Mesoscale Convective Systems over the West African Sahel under Climate Change?

Extreme rainfall is expected to increase under climate change, carrying potential socioeconomic risks. However, the magnitude of increase is uncertain. Over recent decades, extreme storms over the West African Sahel have increased in frequency, with increased vertical wind shear shown to be a cause. Drier midlevels, stronger cold pools, and increased storm organization have also been observed. Global models do not capture the potential effects of lower- to midtropospheric wind shear or cold pools on storm organization since they parameterize convection. Here we use the first convection-permitting simulations of African climate change to understand how changes in thermodynamics and storm dynamics affect future extreme Sahelian rainfall. The model, which simulates warming associated with representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) until the end of the twenty-first century, projects a 28% increase of the extreme rain rate of MCSs. The Sahel moisture change on average follows Clausius–Clapeyron scaling, but has regional heterogeneity. Rain rates scale with the product of time-of-storm total column water (TCW) and in-storm vertical velocity. Additionally, prestorm wind shear and convective available potential energy both modulate in-storm vertical velocity. Although wind shear affects cloud-top temperatures within our model, it has no direct correlation with precipitation rates. In our model, projected future increase in TCW is the primary explanation for increased rain rates. Finally, although colder cold pools are modeled in the future climate, we see no significant change in near-surface winds, highlighting avenues for future research on convection-permitting modeling of storm dynamics.
Inclusion of Efficacy Experiences: Providing Intentional Clinical Experiences to Preservice Teachers in Elementary Classrooms

Recent efforts to improve teacher preparation practices have called universities to place focus on enhancing clinical experiences of preservice teachers. Efforts to meet this call have resulted in little data furthering understanding of enhanced clinical experiences on self-efficacy belief development. In this case study, the researcher analyzed a new elementary preparation program employing an immersive, yearlong clinical experience. The researcher sought to understand if socialization into communities of practice during the experience influenced development of preservice teacher self-efficacy beliefs. The researcher analyzed the level of participant socialization and its influence on efficacy source experiences specifically. Additionally, the researcher analyzed if socialization facet variances across intern responses may have affected socialization. Findings indicated efficacy source experiences are linked to individuals’ level of socialization. Efficacy source experiences changed as participant socialization levels changed. Less socialized participants perceived experiences differently and experienced a lack of feedback from mentors.
Radical hope in revolting times: Proposing a culturally relevant psychological framework

Growing research supports the link between individual expressions of hope and psychological well-being. In this paper, we draw on psychological theories of hope, racial and ethnic studies, and the literature on radical healing to propose a framework of radical hope. Although the proposed multidimensional framework integrates cultural practices of People of Color in the United States, it is flexible enough to be adapted to other contexts. The paper begins by providing a brief review of the literature that conceptualizes the concept of hope in the field of psychology as a pre-lude to comparing the concept to the interdisciplinary notion of radical hope. Based on this body of work, we then introduce a culturally relevant psychological framework of radical hope, which includes the components of collective memory as well as faith and agency. Both components require an orientation to one of four directions including individual orientation, collective orientation, past orientation, and future orientation. The framework also consists of pathways individuals can follow to experience radical hope including (a) understanding the history of oppression along with the actions of resistance taken to transform these conditions, (b) embracing ancestral pride, (c) envisioning equitable possibilities, and (d) creating meaning and purpose in life by adopting an orientation to social justice. We
The comparative analysis of the solid-state 31P NMR spectra of Re-Pt vinylidene complexes

The two vinylidene complexes Cp(CO)2 RePt(μ-C=CHPh)(PPh3 )(CO) and Cp(CO)2 RePt(μ-C=CHPh)(PPh3 )2 and their precursors PPh3 and P(PPh3 )4 were studied by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. We analysed 31P cross-polarization spectra acquired in static conditions and with magic angle spinning. The chemical shift tensors of each sample were determined by fitting their spectra using SIMPSON simulations.
Improved new modified Weibull distribution: A Bayes study using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo simulation

The newly modified Weibull distribution defined in the literature is a model based on combining the Weibull and modified Weibull distributions. It has been demonstrated as the best model for fitting to the bathtub-shaped failure rate data sets. However, another new model based on combining the modified Weibull and Gompertz distributions has been demonstrated later to be even better than the first model. In this article, we have shown how to improve the former model into a better model, and more importantly, we have provided a full Bayesian analysis of the improved model. The Hamiltonian Monte Carlo and cross-entropy methods have been exploited to empower the traditional methods of statistical estimation. Bayes estimators have been obtained using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo for posterior simulations. Bayesian model checking has also been provided in order to check the validation of the model when fitting to real data sets. We have also provided the maximum likelihood estimators of the model parameters using the cross-entropy method to optimize the log-likelihood function. The results derived from the analysis of two well-known data sets show that the improved model is much better than its original form.
Exposure to Mites Sensitizes Intestinal Stem Cell Maintenance, Splenic Marginal Zone B Cell Homeostasis, And Heart Development to Notch Dosage and Cooperativity

Cooperative DNA binding is a key feature of transcriptional regulation. Here we examined the role of cooperativity in Notch signaling by CRISPR-mediated engineering of mice in which neither Notch1 nor Notch2 can homo- or heterodimerize, essential for cooperative binding to sequence paired sites (SPS) located near many Notch-regulated genes. While most known Notch-dependent phenotypes were unaffected in Notch1/2 dimer-deficient mice, a subset of tissues proved highly sensitive to loss of cooperativity. These phenotypes include heart development, compromising viability in combination with low gene dose, and the gut, developing ulcerative colitis in response to 1% DSS. The most striking phenotypes – gender imbalance and splenic marginal zone B cell lymphoma – emerged in combination with dose reduction or when challenged by chronic fur mite infestation. This study highlights the role of the environment in malignancy and colitis, and is consistent with Notch-dependent anti-parasite immune responses being compromised in the dimer deficient animals. Highlights Notch dimerization has an in vivo role in contributing to intestinal homeostasis Loss of cooperativity can manifest as Notch gain or loss of function phenotypes Mite infestation exacerbates all phenotypes, triggers MZB hyperproliferation in mutant animals Mite-infested mutant mice develop SMZL with age
FREQUENCY OF ABO AND Rh BLOOD GROUP AMONG THE HEALTHY BLOOD DONORS, A SINGLE CENTRE STUDY

Objective: To determine the frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups among the healthy blood donors. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of study: This was carried out at Pakistan Air Force (PAF) Hospital Islamabad from January 2015 to April 2017. Materials and Methods: The blood donors were recruited from Islamabad and surroundings. A detailed medical history and examination was carried out by medical officer. All donors were provided questionnaire and consent Proforma. The blood donors negative for previous history of viral hepatitis and other contraindications for blood donation were included in study. Blood group of each donor was confirmed by using ABO Antisera and Rhesus monoclonal Antisera of Biolaboratories by tube method. Results: A total of 2185 healthy blood donors were enrolled. Male were predominant population among the blood donors with a ratio of 45:1. Majority of the blood donors were in the third decade of their life. The most common ABO blood group was B whereas Rh positive was most common among Rh blood group system. Conclusion: The blood group B was most frequent blood group among the healthy blood donors. Whereas, AB was found to be least frequent. Among the Rh blood group system, Rh positive was found to be more frequent as compared to Rh negative. Keywords: Blood donors, ABO, Rh, Blood group
Steepest Descent Laplacian Regression Based Neural Network Approach for Optimal Operation of Grid Supportive Solar PV Generation

For an optimal operation of a three-phase single-stage grid-tied solar photovoltaic (PV) system, the steepest descent Laplacian regression (SDLR) based adaptive control technique is proposed in this brief. In this topology, the local loads are considered on CPI (Common Point of Interface). Therefore, the objectives of SDLR based control technique, are harmonics mitigation and power quality improvement of the grid currents. Moreover, an additional feature of DSTATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator) is also included in the control scheme. During the night, or when solar PV power generation is zero, then the voltage source converter and capacitor of DC-link are operated as DSTATCOM, which provides reactive power support to the grid. An effectiveness of SDLR based control is validated through experimentation. Here during testing, different types of adverse conditions are considered, such as solar insolation variation, unbalanced load condition, unbalances in grid voltages, etc.
Global gradients in intraspecific variation in vegetative and floral traits are partially associated with climate and species richness

Aim Intraspecific trait variation (ITV) can be large within natural plant communities, influencing local ecological processes and dynamics. Here, we shed light on how ITV in vegetative and floral traits responds to large-scale abiotic and biotic gradients (i.e. climate and species richness). Specifically, we tested if associations of ITV with temperature, precipitation and species richness reflect the predicted patterns of four hypotheses relating to stress-tolerance and competition. Furthermore, we estimate the degree of correlation between ITV in vegetative and floral traits and how it varies along the gradients. Location Global. Time period 1975-2016. Major taxa studied Herbaceous and woody plants. Methods We compiled a dataset of 18,112 measurements of the absolute extent of ITV (measured as coefficient of variation) in nine vegetative and seven floral traits from 2,774 herbaceous and woody species at 2,306 locations. Results Large-scale associations between the absolute extent of ITV and climate were trait-specific and more prominent for vegetative traits, especially leaf morphology, than for floral traits. Climate showed pronounced associations with ITV, with lower ITV values in colder areas and higher values in drier areas. The associations of species richness with ITV were inconsistent across traits. Species-specific associations across gradients were often idiosyncratic and covariation in ITV was weaker between vegetative and floral traits than within the two trait groups. Main conclusions Our results show that, depending on the traits considered, ITV either increased or decreased with climate stress and species richness, suggesting that both factors can constrain or enhance ITV, which might foster plant populations’ persistence under stressful conditions. Given the species-specific responses and covariation in ITV, associations can be hard to predict for traits and species not yet studied. We conclude that considering ITV can improve our understanding of how plants cope with stressful conditions and environmental change across spatial and biological scales.
Short communication The half-life of the 'teachable moment' for alcohol misusing patients in the emergency department

Background: To determine whether the length of time between alcohol-related attendance in the emergency department (ED) and follow-up appointment with an alcohol health worker (AHW) alters attendance rate at the AHW clinic. Methods: We examined paper and computerized records made by AHWs over a 4-year period, collecting data on the length of time between identification of alcohol misuse and the appointment with the AHW, and whether the appointment was kept. Results: There is an inverse relationship between the length of time between identification of alcohol misuse and AHW appointment and the subsequent likelihood of keeping that appointment. Conclusions:To maximise attendance rates at AHW clinics, the delay between the identification and intervention for alcohol misusing patients
Drying of celery leaves (Apium graveolens L.) using a PV/T solar dryer

Celery (Avium graveolens L.) has been naturally used to treat hypertension and cancer. Fresh celery contains a high water content of approximately ±86% which may lower the quality upon storage for a long time. Drying was applied to reduce moisture content in order to prolong the shelf-life. Drying of celery was carried out using a self-designed photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) solar dryer as well as conventional dryers such as oven and vacuum oven for the comparisons at an approximate temperature of 49°C. The PV/T solar dryer was able to simultaneously convert the solar energy into thermal and electrical energy. The electrical energy was in turn used to drive the blowers to create a forced convective flow of heat transfer. Drying in the PV/T solar dryer was carried out in 3 different weather conditions while 3 different pressures (10; 40; 70 kPa) were tested during drying in the vacuum oven. The PV/T solar dryers demonstrated the best results in terms of constant drying rate (0.986 kg H2O/min.m2) and drying time (87 minutes). Total chlorophyll content retained was 5.42 mg/L. The PV/T solar dryer seemed promising to be further developed for an efficient drying process since it required low energy consumption while using the costless renewable solar energy.
A comparative study of lipid profile, body mass index, and waist circumference among Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with poor and good metabolic control and normal age-matched control group

Background: Prevalence of dyslipidemia is very common in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and lipid abnormalities are likely to play an important role in the development of the atherosclerotic vascular disease. Type 2 diabetic patients are obese, and obesity as an independent risk factor for diabetes also complicates the management and exacerbates the metabolic abnormalities in diabetes. Aims and Objectives: To compare the lipid profile, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) in Type 2 diabetic patients with poor and good metabolic controls with that of normal controls and to study the correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values and triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in patients with Type 2 DM. Materials and Methods: The descriptive comparative study group of 150 subjects was divided into three groups based on HbA1c values which included Type 2 diabetic patients with poor metabolic control, good metabolic control, and normal age-matched controls. Results: There is a significant increase in the mean levels of total cholesterol, TG, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) values in diabetic patients with both poor metabolic control and good metabolic control when compared to normal controls. There is a significant decrease in mean HDL values and significant elevation of mean waist circumference and BMI values in both male and female diabetics with poor and good metabolic controls when compared to normal controls. Highly significant positive correlation was obtained between HbA1c and TG and a negative correlation between HbA1c and HDL. Conclusion: Increase in TG and decline in HDL with HbA1c rise shows the impact of glycemic control on lipoprotein levels. Majority of diabetic patients were overweight and had abdominal adiposity. Good metabolic control of hyperglycemia will prevent alteration of lipid metabolism helping in better prognosis and preventing manifestations of vascular and typical secondary complications.
Melanopsin-dependent direct photic effects are equal to clock-driven effects in shaping the nychthemeral sleep-wake cycle

Nychthemeral sleep-wake cycles (SWc) are known to be generated by the circadian clock in suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), entrained to the light-dark cycle. Light also exerts direct acute effects on sleep and waking. However, under longer photic exposure such as the 24-hour day, the precise significance of sustained direct light effects (SDLE) and circuitry involved have been neither clarified nor quantified, as disentangling them from circadian influence is difficult. Recording sleep in mice lacking a circadian pacemaker and/or melanopsin-based phototransduction, we uncovered, contrary to prevailing assumptions, that circadian-driven input shapes only half of SWc, with SDLE being equally important. SDLE were primarily mediated (>80%) through melanopsin, of which half were relayed through SCN, independent of clock function. These findings were used for a model that predicted SWc under simulated jet-lag, and revealed SDLE as a crucial mechanism influencing behavior, and should be considered for circadian/sleep disorder management and societal lighting optimization.
The Mediating Role Effect of Internal Integration Between Long Term Relationship with Suppliers and Customers and Business Performance in Turkey ICI 500 Enterprises

Goal: This paper aims to demonstrate the mediating effect of internal integration in the relationship between long-term connections with customers/suppliers and operating performance. Businesses that want to improve operating performance often try to establish long-term relationships with customers and suppliers. However, at this stage, they neglect the internal integration process. Design/Methodology/Approach: Exploratory and empirical data were collected from Turkey's largest 500 manufacturing firms. Factor analyses were performed to verify the validity and reliability of the data set and scales. Then, the relationships between the variables were tested with a hierarchical regression model. Results: The findings show that the internal integration variable has a full mediating effect on the relationship between long-term relationships with customers/suppliers and the operating performance variable. Limitations of the investigation: This research is based only on large industrial enterprises, and the results can only be interpreted in the context of emerging economies. Practical implications: When businesses try to establish long-term relationships with customers and suppliers, they often neglect the internal integration process, making the long-term relationship processes ineffective. This research focuses on internal integration and emphasizes its impact on the relationship between variables. Originality/Value: This study on the integration of supply in the context of Turkey's largest production company is the first and original research. These results for manufacturing enterprises in developing countries with a similar economic structure to Turkey are expected to provide practical benefits.