Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A NOVEL TECHNIQUE ON THE ANALYTICAL CALCULATION OF OPEN-CIRCUIT FLUX DENSITY DISTRIBUTION IN BRUSHLESS PERMANENT - MAGNET MOTOR

Both the cogging and electromagnetic torques depends on the shape of the flux density distribution in the airgap region. A two-dimensional (2-D) analytical method for predicting the open- circuit airgap field distribution in brushless permanent magnet motors, considering the direction of magnetization, i.e., radial or parallel, and the effect of real shape of stator slot-openings is presented in this paper. It involves the solution of the governing field equations in polar coordinates in airgap and magnet regions. This method uses a new 2-D relative permeance function. For the comparison purposes, a 2-D finite element (FE) analysis is used for the analysis of a fully-pitched, double-layer windings brushless permanent-magnet (PM) drive. The results obtained by this method are very close to those obtained by FE analysis especially at the corner tips of the tooth.
Effects of Land Use on the Riparian Vegetation along the Njoro and Kamweti Rivers, Kenya

Riparian zones are valuable ecosystems. They act as the ecological engineers that improve river health by delivering a range of ecosystem functions. They play a significant role in river health and provide various ecosystem goods and services for human well-being. Currently, riparian areas are under threat due to intensive human activities such as agriculture and urbanization, which alter riparian ecosystem structure and composition. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of adjacent land use on the structure and diversity of the riparian vegetation in the Njoro and Kamweti Rivers. Along each river, three sampling sites were selected within the major land use categories which were; forest, agricultural and built-up areas. At each site, three 70 m long transects were established perpendicular to the river. The three plots were systematically established, separated by a 5 m distance along each transect. Forest canopy cover was estimated in percentage. Njoro River riparian vegetation recorded a total of 145 plant species from 40 families where trees and shrubs were dominant in the forest area, and herbs dominated the agricultural and built- up areas. In Kamweti River riparian area, a total of 110 species from 45 families were encountered, in which trees dominated the forest area. A similar trend to the Njoro River was observed, in which herbs were dominant in the agricultural and built-up areas. In Njoro River, the Shannon diversity (H’) values ranged between 2.73 and 3.08 scenarios of the changes in riparian vegetation observed, there is a pressing need for an integrated approach for the management of riparian zones based on various components such as riparian condition assessment, policy frame-work, stakeholder’s participation, management practices, legislation, and awareness.
Ce Filling Limit and Its Influence on Thermoelectric Performance of Fe3CoSb12-Based Skutterudite Grown by a Temperature Gradient Zone Melting Method

CoSb3-based skutterudite is a promising mid-temperature thermoelectric material. However, the high lattice thermal conductivity limits its further application. Filling is one of the most effective methods to reduce the lattice thermal conductivity. In this study, we investigate the Ce filling limit and its influence on thermoelectric properties of p-type Fe3CoSb12-based skutterudites grown by a temperature gradient zone melting (TGZM) method. Crystal structure and composition characterization suggests that a maximum filling fraction of Ce reaches 0.73 in a composition of Ce0.73Fe2. 73Co1.18Sb12 prepared by the TGZM method. The Ce filling reduces the carrier concentration to 1.03 × 1020 cm−3 in the Ce1.25Fe3CoSb12, leading to an increased Seebeck coefficient. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation indicates that the Ce-filling introduces an impurity level near the Fermi level. Moreover, the rattling effect of the Ce fillers strengthens the short-wavelength phonon scattering and reduces the lattice thermal conductivity to 0.91 W m−1 K−1. These effects induce a maximum Seebeck coefficient of 168 μV K−1 and a lowest κ of 1.52 W m−1 K−1 at 693 K in the Ce1.25Fe3CoSb12, leading to a peak zT value of 0.65, which is 9 times higher than that of the unfilled Fe3CoSb12.
A dual/high-voltage automotive electrical power system with superior transient performance

Today's automotive electrical power system is based on an engine-driven alternator regulated at 14 V which charges a 12 V battery and delivers power to the loads. Installed electrical power is growing rapidly with model year, and future electrical power requirements are expected to exceed the capability of the present 14 V system by about 2005. A high/dual-voltage electrical system is necessary to meet these requirements. A new alternator system which substantially improves the present Lundell alternator design is proposed. This new system can double the output power and greatly improve efficiency without the need to rewind the machine. Inherent load-dump transient suppression and jump-start charging features are also achieved. The attributes of this novel system have been experimentally demonstrated. The main goal of this thesis is to investigate and develop analytical system and subsystem models for dual/high-voltage automotive electrical systems. Detailed time-domain and simplified averaged models for synchronous machines and three-phase rectifiers with constant-voltage loads are developed. A load-matching technique based on a switched-mode rectifier is introduced and used in conjunction with the developed machine/rectifier models to design the new high-power, highefficiency alternator system. Analytical models for two dual-voltage systems, one based on interleaved dc/dc converters and the other on a dual-stator Lundell alternator, are developed and used to investigate their characteristics. The analytical models for the dc/dc converter system are used in the design of a prototype which experimentally demonstrates the high performance features of the system while verifying the analytical results. A comparison of the characteristics of dual/high-voltage architectures is presented and it is shown that the load-matching technique can be used in a number of dual-voltage systems to improve performance. An attractive complete dual-voltage system, which incorporates the new alternator and a dc/de converter, is introduced. Thesis Supervisor: John G. Kassakian Title: Professor of Electrical Engineering
Intercalation of Pt(II) Terpyridine Complexes into Layered K4Nb6O17 and Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Production of H2

Direct intercalation of a [Pt(tpy)Cl]Cl (tpy: terpyridine) complex into a layered niobate (K4Nb6O17) has been successfully accomplished with the aim of developing a recyclable photocatalyst. Pt LIII-edge X-ray absorption fine structure measurement suggests that the Pt complex is intercalated into the interlayer space accompanied with ligand exchange of a Pt–Cl bond. Unlike the free Pt complex in solution, the intercalated Pt complex exhibits photoluminescence emission at room temperature due to a metal–metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (3MMLCT) transition near 630 nm, originating from short Pt···Pt interactions (<3.5 A). Such intercalated Pt complexes, which are in close proximity to each other, behave as a single-component bifunctional catalyst, enabling both visible light sensitization and H2 production in aqueous media consisting of a sacrificial electron donor (EDTA). The turnover number based on Pt is in good accordance with the increasing intensity of luminescence emission due to the 3MMLCT states. Mo.
Smart Powder Processing for Excellent Advanced Materials and Its Applications

To create advanced materials with minimal energy consumption and environmental impacts, a green and sustainable powder processing technology is essential. The authors have developed this technique based on powder grinding technology. In this paper, the authors will explain the recent progress of the smart powder processing, and its applications. Firstly, particle bonding process, and novel one-pot processing methods to synthesize nanoparticles, to create nanostructured composite granules and to form nano-porous films on substrates in dry phase will be discussed. Their applications on the advanced material fabrications contributing to the sustainable economy will also be explained. Then, the use of grinding technology in wet processing to synthesize nanoparticles and control their morphology will be explained. Smart powder processing can be a foundation to move forward material development technologies and create many more high-quality advanced materials in the future.
Intracellular ATP Concentration and Implication for Cellular Evolution

Simple Summary The lens organ of the eye and muscle tissue exist at opposite ends of the metabolic spectrum. Lens is metabolically quiescent using little energy, while muscle has high energy requirements. However, both tissues contain excessively high millimolar concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules, the biochemical energy source for all of life’s activities. Nature does not manufacture excess ATP molecules, and thus the question becomes: Why this dichotomy? To answer this question, we prepared a compilation of measured ATP concentrations from cells/tissues/organs across three phylogenetic domains of life: eukaryotes, archaea, and prokaryotes. Among a total of 136 organ/tissue/cell sources, we found that all specimens examined contained excessively high concentrations of ATP (average~4.4 millimolar), regardless of how they lived or their function. Since these specimens only require a small micromolar amount of ATP for energy metabolism, this observation reinforced the notion that ATP has another major function in life. The recent demonstration that ATP acts as a protein solvating agent keeping proteins in their active forms prevents aggregation and in high concentrations may avert a multitude of diseases. The presence of high concentrations of ATP across phylogenetic domains suggests another role for ATP fundamental to cellular/tissue/organ function and biological, biochemical, and biophysical evolution. Abstract Crystalline lens and striated muscle exist at opposite ends of the metabolic spectrum. Lens is a metabolically quiescent tissue, whereas striated muscle is a mechanically dynamic tissue with high-energy requirements, yet both tissues contain millimolar levels of ATP (>2.3 mM), far exceeding their underlying metabolic needs. We explored intracellular concentrations of ATP across multiple cells, tissues, species, and domains to provide context for interpreting lens/striated muscle data. Our database revealed that high intracellular ATP concentrations are ubiquitous across diverse life forms including species existing from the Precambrian Era, suggesting an ancient highly conserved role for ATP, independent of its widely accepted view as primarily “metabolic currency”. Our findings reinforce suggestions that the primordial function of ATP was non-metabolic in nature, serving instead to prevent protein aggregation.
Collaborative curriculum design to increase science teaching self-efficacy

The focus in this study is on developing a teacher training program for improving teachers’ science teaching self-efficacy. Teachers with a high sense of self-efficacy will set higher goals for themselves, are less afraid of failure and will find new strategies when old ones fail. If their sense of self-efficacy is low, teachers will avoid the task or give up easily. Collaborative curriculum design and more specifically Teacher Design Teams (TDTs) is used in this study as a method to improve science teaching self-efficacy. The research approach in this investigation was inspired by both design-based research and action research. The analyses of the different stages of the educational design were used in combination with assumptions based on a theoretical framework, not only to improve the intervention, but also to create knowledge about the characteristics of an effective teacher training program for increasing teachers’ science teaching self-efficacy. Qualitative research methods were used to be able to determine the effects of the teacher training programs, and in addition a quantitative instrument (STEBI-NL) was developed to assess the influence of the training programs on the science teaching self-efficacy of (pre-service) teachers. The principal outcome of this research is the positive effect in increasing teachers’ science teaching self-efficacy of a teacher training program as a TDT extended with external support. Collaborative curriculum design in the own school, science teaching in teachers’ own classes and supporting activities regarding science teaching should be the main learning activities in such a teacher training program. Furthermore, an external facilitator is essential for increasing science teaching self-efficacy and must be able to guide the curriculum design process, to stimulate team discussions and to support teachers regarding science teaching. To ensure that the teacher training program is successful in increasing teachers’ science teaching self-efficacy, it is necessary that the teachers have administrative support. Without administrative support, teachers become discouraged and blame external factors for not increasing the frequency of science teaching or not teaching science by inquiry.
Breakdown in SF/sub 6/ influenced by corona-stabilization

Corona-stabilization in SF/sub 6/-insulated systems is a known phenomenon, but up to now not fully understood. In case of slow-rising impulse voltage stress, a stabilization mechanism, mainly depending on the steepness of the applied test voltage, occurs. Essential for the phenomenon is a space-charge accumulation in front of the probe tip. The space charge reduces the field near the rod and thus an increased voltage level is needed to initiate the leader process. This paper presents experimental results. An imaging system consisting of 2 still-video CCD cameras has been used to record the paths of spark breakdowns across a positive point/plane gap. With subsequent computer image processing and analysis the dimension of the space-charge cloud could be estimated. Studies have been done for various probe tip lengths, gas pressures and steepnesses of the applied test voltage. The probability of corona-stabilization was determined for each test sequence. It was found that this probability decreases with the steepness of the applied test voltage for certain gas pressures.
Online Job Portal- A Better Way for Finding Jobs in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic unemployment broke all the previous records. Due to the pandemic students cannot go to colleges and have no option of campus placements. The only option available for them is to find a job through online job portals. In this paper we present the online recruitment framework that enables different companies to post their job vacancies, which jobseekers can consider while searching for jobs. This portal can also capture job requirements dependent on employers’ needs. A survey was conducted to identify the problems and requirements of the users with the current job portals and the findings of the survey are incorporated in this portal. The main aim of this job portal is to connect the employers and jobseekers as an e-recruitment to help jobseekers find the right jobs. Keywords: Job Seeker, Employer, Online Job Portal, Online Recruitment, Knowledge Sharing, COVID-19 Pandemic
Rejection sampling for Bayesian uncertainty evaluation using the Monte Carlo techniques of GUM-S1

Supplement 1 to the GUM (GUM-S1) extends the GUM uncertainty framework to non-linear functions and non-Gaussian distributions. For this purpose, it employs a Monte Carlo method that yields a probability density function for the measurand. This Monte Carlo method has been successfully applied in numerous applications throughout metrology. However, considerable criticism has been raised against the type A uncertainty evaluation of GUM-S1. Most of the criticism could be addressed by including prior information about the measurand which, however, is beyond the scope of GUM-S1. We propose an alternative Monte Carlo method that will allow prior information about the measurand to be included. The proposed method is based on a Bayesian uncertainty evaluation and applies a simple rejection sampling approach using the Monte Carlo techniques of GUM-S1. The range of applicability of the approach is explored theoretically and in terms of examples. The results are promising, leading us to conclude that many metrological applications could benefit from this approach. Software support is provided to ease its implementation.
Classification of Factors Effect on Sleep in Individuals with Down Syndrome

Background: Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a frequent disorder with serious adverse health consequences in people with Down syndrome (DS). This study aims to evaluate and classify sleep and physical activity (PA) characteristics in adults with DS. Methods: Forty participants with DS wore an accelerometer for seven consecutive days to measure physical activity and sleep–wake patterns. The corresponding data were also obtained by survey and polysomnography. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is calculated from the number of apneas and hypopneas per hour of sleep according to international guidelines. Results: Polysomnography showed SDB based on AHI in 95% of adults: 50% had severe SDB, 22.5% presented moderate and 22.5% mild SDB, predominantly in males. They had poor sleep quality (80.1%) and low PA levels. Using statistical classification methods, we observed three clusters with two opposite profiles. Clusters 2 and 3 showed low PA indices (daily steps: 5719 and 5310, respectively) and severe SDB (AHI = 33.6 and 55.5 events/h), high age and high gonial angle. Cluster 1 showed high PA (mean count of daily steps: 6908) and mild to moderate SDB (AHI = 16.8 events/h), low age and low gonial angle. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that there are different profiles (age, gender, obesity, gonial angle) that are associated with SDB in adults with DS. These results suggest that this may represent important factors to consider when planning health promotion and prevention.
Simulation optimization of an inventory control model for a reverse logistics system

Nowadays, companies are recognizing their primordial roles and responsibilities towards the protection of the environment and save the natural resources. They are focusing on some contemporary activities such as Reverse Logistics which is economically and environmentally viable. However, the integration of such an initiative needs flows restructuring and supply chain management in order to increase sustainability and maximize profits. Under this background, this paper addresses an inventory control model for a reverse logistics system that deals with two separated types of demand, for new products and remanufactured products, with different selling prices. The model consists of a single shared machine between production and remanufacturing operations, while the machine is subject to random failures and repairs. Three stock points respectively for returns, new products and remanufactured products are investigated. Meanwhile, in this paper, a modeling of the problem with Discrete-Event simulation using Arena® was conducted. Regarding the purpose of finding, a near-optimal inventory control policy that minimizes the total cost, an optimization of the model based on Tabu Search and Genetic Algorithms was established. Computational examples and sensitivity analysis were performed in order to compare the results and the robustness of each proposed algorithm. Then the results of the two methods were compared with those of OptQuest® optimization tool.
Characterization and Polyculture Analysis of Microalgae Strains Based on Biomass Production and Nutrient Consumption, and Bacterial Community in Municipal Wastewater

Polyculture of microalgae could enhance biomass production. It is crucial to select the proper combination of microbial polyculture which can achieve a positive impact. Ten microalgae suitable for healthy growth in municipal wastewater were selected. Simulated wastewater was used to conduct experiments on the cultivation of single microalgae. Possible combinations of microalgae were analyzed from three aspects: the potential for conversion into biofuels, the consumption of different forms of nitrogen and phosphorus, and the structure of microalgae bacterial communities. From the perspective of converting to biocrude, Leptolyngbya boryana with high protein content was found unsuitable as a biomass raw material. Non-metric multidimensional scale analysis of different forms of nitrogen and phosphorus consumption shows the preference of the microalgae community for the use of nitrogen and phosphorus. By analyzing the bacterial community structure, it was found that microalgae have a significant impact on the bacterial community. We believe that it is more likely to improve the production efficiency of microalgae by establishing the combination of microalgae with high biocrude conversion efficiency, different nitrogen and phosphorus utilization preferences, and large difference in bacterial community structure.
Racemate Resolution of Alanine and Leucine on Homochiral Quartz, and Its Alteration by Strong Radiation Damage

Homochiral proteins orchestrate biological functions throughout all domains of life, but the origin of the uniform l-stereochemistry of amino acids remains unknown. Here, we describe enantioselective adsorption experiments of racemic alanine and leucine onto homochiral d- and l-quartz as a possible mechanism for the abiotic emergence of biological homochirality. Substantial racemate resolution with enantiomeric excesses of up to 55% are demonstrated to potentially occur in interstitial pores, along grain boundaries or small fractures in local quartz-bearing environments. Our previous hypothesis on the enhanced enantioselectivity due to uranium-induced fission tracks could not be validated. Such capillary tubes in the near-surface structure of quartz have been proposed to increase the overall chromatographic separation of enantiomers, but no systematic positive correlation of accumulated radiation damage and enantioselective adsorption was observed in this study. In general, the natural l-quartz showed stronger enantioselective adsorption affinities than synthetic d-quartz without any significant trend in amino acid selectivity. Moreover, the l-enantiomer of both investigated amino acids alanine and leucine was preferably adsorbed regardless of the handedness of the enantiomorphic quartz sand. This lack of mirror symmetry breaking is probably due to the different crystal habitus of the synthetic z-bar of d-quartz and the natural mountain crystals of l-quartz used in our experiments.