Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Approach for Computing Semantic Relatedness of Geographic Terms

Background: Computing semantic relatedness measures are extensively employed in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and play pivotal role in Geographic Information Science (GIS). Methods/Analysis: Noteworthy, despite the significance of semantic relatedness in geographic domain, its role has been almost ignored. While most of the proposed measures in this context are only able to compute semantic similarity, in this paper, the notion of geosemantic relatedness is discussed and from which a novel approach for computing semantic relatedness of geographic terms is proposed. The proposed method utilizes term’s definition from geographic lexicon. Whereas lexical definition demarcates the boundaries of a term and provides valuable semantic space for deducting the meaning of a term, it can have prominent impact in the efficiency of the proposed approach. Furthermore, this approach exploits Wikipedia as semantic resource that has considerable performance in application of semantic relatedness. Finding: The cognitive plausibility of the proposed approach is evaluated on GeReSiD dataset. Compared to the previous state of the arts, using proposed approach results significant improvement in correlation of computed relatedness score with human judgment to 0.73. Conclusion: Additionally, the proposed approach not only prospers higher perception and adoption, but also it has greater applicability in real world problems and is confronted with fewer limitations. Moreover, the proposed method can perform disambiguation in geographic domain properly.
Perceiving Changes of Sound-Source Size Within Musical Tone Pairs

Recent research suggests that the perception of sound-source size may be based in part on attributes of timbre, and further, that it may play a role in understanding emotional responses to music. Here, we report 2 perceptual studies in which the TANDEM-STRAIGHT vocoder was used to modify musical instrument tones to emulate equivalent instruments of different sizes. In each experiment, listeners heard sequential tone pairs in which tones from the same instrument were manipulated to sound as if they had originated from a larger or smaller source. Manipulations included modifications of both fundamental frequency (f0) and spectral envelope. Participants estimated the direction and magnitude of these size changes. We collected data both with and without RMS normalization of the output of the TANDEM-STRAIGHT vocoder in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. In both cases, manipulations of f0 and spectral envelope were found to have significant effects on the perception of sound-source size change, although results varied across musical instruments and depended on whether the sounds were equalized in level. The results uncover several important considerations for understanding musical timbre and pitch, and are discussed in light of implications for the perception of musical affect.
Adaptive Rate Control for Multirotor UAVs

In this semester project a low-level adaptive controller is designed that commands angular rates ω based on a desired reference ωdes calculated by a high-level controller and gyroscope measurements ωmeas. The controller ensures stability of the system, convergence of the tracking error and estimates the inertia matrix J in real-time onboard of the UAVs low-level processor. In addition to commanding the angular rates, the controller estimates the mass and calculates the desired thrust based on the reference signal. The controller handles non-parametric uncertainties such as measurement noise, unmodeled actuator dynamics or additional payload. The ultimative goal of this semester project is to design one modular adaptive angular rate controller for changing platforms and different types of multirotor UAVs, that is for quadrocopters and hexacopters.
A Hybrid Atmosphere-Ocean Coupling Approach on the Simulation of Tropical Asian-Pacific Climate

A unique Hybrid coupled General Circulation Model (HcGCM), that first exercises full coupling, has been developed. This coupled model combines an ECHAM AGCM and an intermediate tropical ocean model. In this study, the first 40-year (after 5year spin-up) model output has been analyzed and validated with available long-term observations (and analysis products). Overall, the model simulations of the climatology and variability in the tropical Asia-Pacific sector (including Indo-Pacific mean SST and its annual cycle, Asian Summer monsoon, tropical intraseasonal oscillation (TISO) and ENSO) are fairly realistic and comparable with (some even better than) those state-of-the-art coupled GCMs. The model bias of mean SST is within 1C in most of the ocean domain except in the southeast Pacific, where the model suffers a warm-bias syndrome present in most coupled GCMs. The simulated TISO exhibits significant seasonality as in the observations with dominant eastward-propagating MJO in boreal winter and northwardpropagating mode over the Indian and western Pacific regions in boreal summer. The model ENSO has two spectral peaks with periods about 2 years and 5 years. It also shows significant annual phase locking with minimum (maximum) variance in boreal spring (in late fall). The encouraging results from this hybrid coupled model indicate that in representing the present-day climatology and its variability (with time scales from intraseasonal to interannual) over the tropical Asia-Pacific sector, a hybrid coupled model is as good as fully coupled GCMs. Use of a hybrid coupled model also saves considerable computational resources compared to a fully coupled GCM.
Inclusion of wet corn gluten feed with physically effective neutral detergent fiber and the resulting effects on production

Wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) is commonly included in lactation rations for dairy cattle. Research at Kansas State University has shown that increasing WCGF inclusion decreased ruminal pH. Lack of adequate particle size may result in this decrease and can impact efficiencies, animal health and longevity. A study was conducted to look at the effects of feeding WCGF while maintaining > 10% of particles > 19 mm across diets. We hypothesized that as WCGF increased, DMI and milk yield would increase while ruminal pH would be maintained. Seven ruminally-cannulated, lactating Holstein cows were used in an incomplete 4 × 4 Latin square design with treatments of 0, 12.4, 24.5 or 35.1% WCGF across 4 periods of 21 d. Alfalfa hay was used to maintain particle size. All diets met particle size goals; however, as WCGF increased, the proportion of particles > 19 mm decreased (P = 0.01) and cows changed their sorting behavior in favor of particles > 19 mm (P = 0.03) and against particles on the bottom screen (P < 0.01) and pan (P = 0.01). As WCGF increased, ruminal pH and ECM/DMI were not affected, yet DMI (P = 0.02) and milk yield (P = 0.02) increased quadratically. Milk protein, lactose and fat concentrations were not affected; however, milk protein (P = 0.004; linear) and lactose (P = 0.02; quadratic) yields increased. In a separate study, active dry yeast (ADY) products, commonly used in the dairy industry to support ruminal health, were evaluated for product guarantees and effects of storage and storage medium. Few products received through normal distribution met product guarantees (1 of 6; experiment 1) and after 3 mo of storage cell viability dropped significantly (P < 0.01). In the second experiment, products were stored in ground corn or in a vitamin-trace mineral mix (VTM). Depressions in viability caused by high-temperature storage were partially mitigated when ADY products were stored with a VTM. Although both mediums resulted in lower cell viabilities after storage at 40oC, VTM cell viabilities were significantly (P = 0.02) higher than ground corn.
Is Belgium 'Making Work Pay'?

In the period 2001-2004 two major reforms followed in Belgium: a personal income tax reform (2001) and a reform of social security contributions for low skilled employees (2004). Using a discrete hours labor supply model, this paper assesses the impact of these reforms on aggregate labor supply of males and females in couples. Results suggest that the reforms had a positive (but moderate) effect on both participation and hours worked. Targeted reductions in social security contributions, however, proved to be more effective than the newly introduced tax credit on low earnings.
Time Domain Analysis of Heart Rate Variability – An Attempt towards Characterization of Trends

Heart rate variability (HRV) is one of the important characteristics in the clinical studies of cardiovascular diseases. HRV can be measured in time domain, frequency domain and non-linear methods. Among them all, the time domain method is simpler but not explored fully due to many unanswered arguments [19]. In 70’s a number of research work established importance of studying R-R duration for prognosis of cardiovascular risk under different situations [7]. They introduced NN50 count to measure HRV. The widely used and readily obtained pNNx statistic is traditionally computed based on an empirical threshold of 50ms. In this paper author ask the question: Whether a normal statistical mean can distinguish inter-individual and inter-group variability pattern or not? To solve this problem author took 74 women subjects and divide them into two groups: reproductive age group (RAG) and post menopausal age group (PMAG). HRV analysis was performed and RR intervals were measured as 0-10ms, 10-20ms, 20-30ms and so on. Results showed that pNN20, pNN30, pNN40 are better diagnostic marker than pNN50. This observation indicates the importance of analysing relatively small variations in heart rate. These findings support the utility of evaluating the general pNNx family of HRV statistics rather than selecting only the traditionally accepted pNN50 measure.
Representations of sensory experiences in the early phases of architectural design: there is more than meets the eye

In response to questions about designers’ visual way of knowing and working, this article explores how sensory experience is conveyed during the early phases of architectural design. By processing 985 graphic components issued from a three-month ethnographic observation inside an architecture firm, and proposing an original methodology for their analysis, we identify and analyse graphic expressions of sensory-related design intentions. Multi-sensory dimensions of experiencing an architectural artefact, and the way architects deal with users experiencing space differently, are topics also considered in this article. The resulting observations remind us not to mistake apparent lack of graphical clues for lack of sensibility when it comes to addressing sensory experience during architectural design.
PIVlab – Towards User-friendly, Affordable and Accurate Digital Particle Image Velocimetry in MATLAB

Digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) is a non-intrusive analysis technique that is very popular for mapping flows quantitatively. To get accurate results, in particular in complex flow fields, a number of challenges have to be faced and solved: The quality of the flow measurements is affected by computational details such as image pre-conditioning, sub-pixel peak estimators, data validation procedures, interpolation algorithms and smoothing methods. The accuracy of several algorithms was determined and the best performing methods were implemented in a user-friendly open-source tool for performing DPIV flow analysis in Matlab.
Temporal variation of VOC fluxes measured with PTR-TOF above a boreal forest

Abstract. Between April and June 2013 fluxes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured in a Scots pine and Norway spruce forest using the eddy covariance (EC) method with a proton transfer reaction time-of-flight (PTR-TOF) mass spectrometer. The observations were performed above a boreal forest at the SMEAR II site in southern Finland. We found a total of 25 different compounds with exchange and investigated their seasonal variations from spring to summer. The majority of the net VOC flux was comprised of methanol, monoterpenes, acetone and butene + butanol. The butene + butanol emissions were concluded to not originate from the forest and, therefore, be anthropogenic. The VOC exchange followed a seasonal trend and the emissions increased from spring to summer. Only three compounds were emitted during the snowmelt while in summer emissions of some 19 VOCs were observed. During the measurement period in April, the emissions were dominated by butene + butanol, while during the start of the growing season and in summer, methanol was the most emitted compound. The main source of methanol was likely the growth of new biomass. During a 21-day period in June, the net VOC flux was 2.1 nmol m−2 s−1. This is on the lower end of PTR-TOF flux measurements from other ecosystems, which range from 2 to 10 nmol m−2 s−1. The EC flux results were compared with surface layer profile measurements, using a proton transfer reaction quadrupole mass spectrometer, which is permanently installed at the SMEAR II site. For the major compounds, the fluxes measured with the two different methods agreed well.
RNA 5′-end Maturation: A Crucial Step in the Replication of Viral Genomes

Viruses are a vastly diverse group of infectious particles with many different structures, mechanisms of function and ingenious strategies of invading host organisms for their own proliferation. One of the key features that ties viruses together as an inclusive group, is the reliance on living cells for replication and propagation. On their own, viruses lack the cellular machinery necessary for many life-sustaining functions including protein translation and metabolism. Regardless of the organization of a viral genome or the type of nucleic acid, infection of a host cell and viral propagation is dependent on the transcription of viral mRNA and, in turn, the translation of viral proteins as well as genome replication. Because viruses are dependent on host cell machinery for most of these processes, they have driven an outstanding virus-host co-evolution. Viruses that rely on the replication machinery of the host cell become cell-cycle dependent in their own replication. Furthermore, just as viruses have evolved ways to hijack necessary cellular proteins, cells have evolved complex mechanisms for fighting infection by detection and degradation of foreign mRNA. In order for viral mRNA to utilize host cell machinery, begin translation and remain both stable and undetected in the cytoplasm, it must contain the post-translational modifications of a host cell mRNA including, but not limited to, a 5’ cap structure. By disguising viral mRNA with the same structural elements found in host mRNA, the cellular defense mechanism can be evaded and protein translation may occur. The significance of the cap structure can be seen through the diversity of cap-synthesis pathways across vastly different viral families that all lead to the formation
Examining the knowledge base and status of commercially exploited marine species with the RAM Legacy Stock Assessment Database

Meta-analyses of stock assessments can provide novel insight into marine population dynamics and the status of fished species, but the world’s main stock assessment database (the Myers Stock-Recruitment Database) is now outdated. To facilitate new analyses, we developed a new database, the RAM Legacy Stock Assessment Database, for commercially exploited marine fishes and invertebrates. Time series of total biomass, spawner biomass, recruits, fishing mortality and catch/landings form the core of the database. Assessments were assembled from 21 national and international management agencies for a total of 331 stocks (295 fish stocks representing 46 families and 36 invertebrate stocks representing 12 families), including nine of the world’s 10 largest fisheries. Stock assessments were available from 27 large marine ecosystems, the Caspian Sea and four High Seas regions, and include the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic and Antarctic Oceans. Most assessments came from the USA, Europe, Canada, New Zealand and Australia. Assessed marine stocks represent a small proportion of harvested fish taxa (16%), and an even smaller proportion of marine fish biodiversity (1%), but provide high-quality data for intensively studied stocks. The database provides new insight into the status of exploited populations: 58% of stocks with reference points (n = 214) were estimated to be below the biomass resulting in maximum sustainable yield (BMSY) and 30% had exploitation levels above the exploitation rate resulting in maximum sustainable yield (UMSY). We anticipate that the database will facilitate new research in population dynamics and fishery management, and we encourage further data contributions from stock assessment scientists.
Analysis of traffic distribution in cellular networks

Accurate air interface traffic forecasting and dimensioning is of importance in any cellular network for achieving cost and quality requirements. Tunnicliffe et al. (1998) analysed the appropriateness of the Erlang B model to estimate the mean call blocking experienced by cellular traffic using the traditional confidence interval method. This paper presents a modified confidence interval method to compare the mean blocking of the measured data and Erlang B results. In addition to a more complete study of the mean, the blocking distribution is also considered. The Erlang loss model (ELM) is studied to completely characterise the distribution of blocking using the ELM. Exact expressions for the busy time distribution are derived for this study. The results presented in this paper indicate that Erlang B formula is an appropriate model for calculating mean call blocking on the air interface. The ELM on the other hand appears to be rather a poor model for the overall blocking distribution. Further study is needed to establish the appropriateness of Erlang B formula as a general tool.
Drinfeld-Sokolov Hierarchies, Tau Functions, and Generalized Schur Polynomials

For a simple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ and an irreducible faithful representation $\pi$ of $\mathfrak{g}$, we introduce the Schur polynomials of $(\mathfrak{g},\pi)$-type. We then derive the Sato-Zhou type formula for tau functions of the Drinfeld-Sokolov (DS) hierarchy of $\mathfrak{g}$-type. Namely, we show that the tau functions are linear combinations of the Schur polynomials of $(\mathfrak{g},\pi)$-type with the coefficients being the Pl\"ucker coordinates. As an application, we provide a way of computing polynomial tau functions for the DS hierarchy. For $\mathfrak{g}$ of low rank, we give several examples of polynomial tau functions, and use them to detect bilinear equations for the DS hierarchy.
A Novel Single-Reference Six-Pulse-Modulation ( SRSPM ) Technique-Based Interleaved High-Frequency Three-Phase Inverter for Fuel Cell Vehicles

This paper presents a hybrid modulation technique consisting of singe-reference six-pulse-modulation (SRSPM) for front-end dc/dc converter and 33% modulation for three-phase inverter. Employing proposed novel SRSPM to control front-end dc/dc converter, high frequency (HF) pulsating dc voltage waveform is produced, which is equivalent to six-pulse output at 6× line frequency (rectified 6-pulse output of balanced three-phase ac waveforms) once averaged. It reduces the control complexity owing to single-reference three-phase modulation as compared to conventional three-reference three-phase SPWM. In addition, it relives the need of dclink capacitor reducing the cost and volume. Eliminating dc link capacitor helps in retaining the modulated information at the input of the three-phase inverter. It needs only 33% (one third) modulation of the inverter devices to generate balanced three-phase voltage waveforms resulting in significant saving in (at least 66%) switching losses of inverter semiconductor devices. At any instant of line cycle, only two switches are required to switch at HF and remaining switches retain their unique state of either ON or OFF. Besides, inverter devices are not commutated when the current through them is at its peak value. Drop in switching loss accounts to be around 86.6% in comparison with a standard voltage source inverter (VSI) employing standard three-phase sine pulse width modulation. This paper explains operation and analysis of the HF two-stage inverter modulated by the proposed novel modulation scheme. Analysis has been verified by simulation results using PSIM9.0. 4. Experimental results demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed modulation.
Education, Unemployment, and Earnings

Using data on adult male workers, we first investigate the incremental effect of 1 year of schooling on unemployed hours and use this calculation to explain the difference in the proportional effects of schooling on earnings and wages. Schooling apparently reduces unemployed hours by reducing the incidence of unemployment spells, but it does not significantly affect their duration. We next test whether unemployed hours represent real constraints on worker behavior. To do this we develop and estimate life-cycle models of labor supply for workers with and without spells of unemployment, using longitudinal data. The results imply that perhaps three-quarters of the unemployed hours of male workers are part of the offer to sell labor.
Real-time Indoor Map Generation to Identify Spatial Environment Changes

While there are many well-established techniques for outdoor contexts using technologies such as GPS, GSM and GNSS, they cannot be applied to an indoor environment. Thus, Indoor navigation remains a challenge as the state of an indoor environment is always unpredictable. Geographical co-ordinates can be applied for indoor localization, but they are not useful inside a building with multiple floors. In most of the approaches, a blueprint of the building is needed for mapping purposes. Hence, there is a need for an improved approach for indoor localization and mapping to overcome the drawbacks stated above. This paper presents an approach to generate a real-time indoor map in-order to identify the changes in the spatial environment. In this approach, authors consider an approach where the information is gathered from users’ mobile devices. The position of the user is obtained using iBeacons. Furthermore, this paper discusses how to obtain the sensor data and position of the user by using iBeacons, transferring the data to the database via an API, detecting objects present in the indoor environment and generating the real-time map.
Stretch Forming Simulation of Woven Composites Based on an Orthotropic Non-Linear Material Model

Characterisation experiments have been conducted on a woven self-reinforced polypropylene composite (SRPP) including uniaxial and bias extension tests. Outcomes of these experiments were employed to develop a non-linear orthotropic material model within an incremental deformation framework. The material model of the woven composite was implemented into a finite element simulation to predict stretch forming behaviour of SRPP specimens. The predicted strain paths at the pole of specimens were verified against experimental outcomes. It was shown that specimens possessing different aspect ratios deform under a wide range of deformation modes from uniaxial extension to biaxial stretch modes. Finally, the effect of different forming parameters on the strain path evolution of the woven composite was elucidated through numerical simulations. It was shown that the aspect ratio of the samples plays an important role in forming behaviour of woven composites. Development of a reliable and accurate numerical model for predicting forming behaviour of woven composites and understanding their main forming mechanisms promote and encourage the extensive application of these materials systems in a wide range of mass producing industries. Adopting woven composites in manufacturing industrial components facilitates addressing environmental concerns such as recyclability and sustainability issues.