Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Squash Silverleaf on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Chloroplast Ultra-structure of the Summer Squash Leaves

Using shuofeng,one cultivar of summer squash(Cucurbita pepo L.),as material,silverleaf whitefly induced the silvering symptoms.The effect of squash silverleaf on photosynthetic rates(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci)and chloroplast ultra-structure were studied.The Pn of silvered leaves was lower than that in the healthy leaves.The Gs of silvered leaves decreased but the Ci of silvered leaves increased.Chloroplast membrane was impaired,the size and number of chloroplasts decreased.The lamellae of the grana and stroma were disintegrated gradually.The size and number of starch grains decreased.The change of chloroplast ultra-structure may be the important cause of the decrease of chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate.
An investigation into leadership practices and performance of newspapers in Norway and Sweden

This thesis is about leadership and performance in newspapers in Norway and Sweden, but it applies to the management and leadership of other media as well. The newspaper industry is in a period of great change, with new challenges from the market, declining readership, the influences of the Internet, new production methods and new ownership models. An investigation has been carried out into the leadership and performance of Norwegian and Swedish newspapers. The research looks at leadership behaviours and processes in relation to objective and subjective performance criteria. Questionnaires on leadership behaviours, based on the Leadership Practices Inventory (Kouzes and Posner 1995), as well as constructs of planning and objective and subjective performance data, form the basis of the research. The research shows that the LPI model does not conform directly to the 5-factor model proposed by the original LPI research, but rather as a 3-factor model. Three main contributions can be drawn from the study of 14 7 leaders in newspapers in the two countries. First, that a strategic perspective as a basis for leadership is important for the performance of the newspaper. Second, that collaboration and motivation seem to be the most important elements of leadership practices. Third, that a holistic view of the leadership process and transformational leadership practices lead to better robustness and competitiveness for the newspapers.
Characterization of inflammatory signaling in the tumor microenvironment using SOCS3-U mice

Inflammatory signaling in the tumor microenvironment has been increasingly recognized to be a common, critical driving force for cancerogenesis. Unraveling inflammatory signaling in cancer initiation might give further insights into cancer formation to develop novel therapeutic treatment possibilities. This study introduces SOCS3-U, a novel reporter mouse line to conditionally visualize inflammatory signaling. The SOCS3-U modification was targeted to the endogenous suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) locus, a negative feedback regulator of the JAK/STAT pathway highly upregulated by a variety of key inflammatory mediators. Here, a loxP flanked stop cassette in the first intron of SOCS3-U prevents the compound expression of SOCS3 and IRES-GFP. Thus, Cre-mediated recombination of the loxP flanked stop cassette leads to GFP expression in those cells that have upregulated SOCS3 expression. Moreover, the SOCS3 ORF has been flanked by rox sites to generate conditional SOCS3 knock-out mice in a Dre/rox-dependent manner, and the GFP configuration of SOCS3-U can be switched to firefly luciferase. In first experiments, SOCS3-U mice were used in mouse models of chemically induced colorectal and hepatocellular carcinoma to identify activation of distinct immune cell populations. These experiments demonstrate that SOCS3 negative M2 macrophages specifically upregulate CCL20 that attracts CCR6 expressing lymphocytes to the inflamed colon as a driving force for colorectal cancerogenesis. In the liver, inflammation promotes the formation of a hitherto unknown NK-T cell subpopulation that specifically upregulates IL-6Rα. Moreover, a novel generated AlbDre BAC transgenic mouse line creates hepatocyte specific SOCS3 knock-out mice via the Dre/rox system, providing the opportunity for sophisticated combinatory mouse models using more than one recombinase. Taken together, this study provides a novel genetic tool for the universal visualization of inflammatory signaling in vivo.
Analysis of Protein Phosphorylation

M ost proteins undergo covalent modification of their amino acid side chains during or after synthesis. This modification, particularly if it is reversible, can provide an extraordinarily sensitive means by which the activity of a protein can be enhanced or diminished. Current estimates indicate that nearly half of all mammalian proteins are phosphoproteins, making phosphorylation perhaps the most common reversible posttranslational protein modification.
The Dynamics of Tribal College-State University Collaboration.

Collaboration between tribal colleges and state universities is a common, oftentimes necessary approach for the effective development and delivery of higher education programs for American Indians. Still, little research pertains directly to this topic. This qualitative study, featuring interviews with state university and tribal college collaborators in the upper midwest, contributes to a new model for understanding factors that influence this process. Model components include contextual, individual, and organizational factors; collaboration and empowerment; and outcomes.
Tests de salto vertical (I): Aspectos funcionales

Hasta el momento, el desconocimiento de algunos de los aspectos que atañen a la cualidad anaeróbica, tanto láctica (López-Calbet, 1999) como aláctica (Dorado y cols., 1997), y a la fuerza en sus diferentes manifestaciones (Martín, 1987 y 1994) tienen cierta justificación, y es que los métodos utilizados para valorarlas dejan suficiente margen de incertidumbre o error como para crear confusión a la hora de determinar qué factores podemos considerar como relevantes en dichas cualidades (Beckenholdt y Mayhew, 1983; González, 1996). Se ha demostrado que existen factores ligados al propio individuo, como son sus características cineantropométricas o la disciplina deportiva que practica, y factores externos a éste, como el ergómetro donde se realiza la medición, sus características, etc., (Péres y cols., 1988; Manning y cols., 1988; Mayhew y cols., 1990; García-López y cols., 1999) que pueden ser los responsables del problema de interpretación de los resultados de los tests que intentan estimar dichas cualidades.
Captación de agua de lluvia y retención de humedad edáfica en el establecimiento de buffel (Cenchrus ciliaris L.)

Drylands are of high ecological vulnerability due to low vegetative cover and erratic and torrential rainfalls. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of different sources and rates of soil moisture retainers in the establishment of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L) in a micro watershade system of rainwater. A randomized block design with three replications was used. Four hydrogel doses: 0, 5, 10 and 15 kg ha-1 and two vermicompost doses: 0 and 40 t ha-1, were tested. The dose effect of the hydrogel was independent of vermicompost dose effect, on soil moisture retention and the growth and development of the plant. The soil moisture values when 5, 10 and 15 kg hydrogel ha-1 were applied (25, 23.2 and 23.4 %, respectively) were higher (P£0.05), than the control (17.5 %) 241 d after sowing (das). However, there were not statistical differences among doses of hydrogel other than the control. A similar effect was found at 346 das; but not to 372 das, where the effect was lost. Plant emergency was significantly higher (47.7 %) when 15 kg ha-1 of hydrogel were applied, compared to the control (29 %) (P£0.05). Plant height and weight of dry matter and a higher photosynthetic activity were significantly greater in treatments with hydrogel than in the control; there were not statistical differences among doses. Finally, the application of 40 t ha-1 vermicompost significantly increased the moisture content in the soil and a higher amount of buffel grass dry matter.
Land use changes involving forestry in the United States: 1952 to 1997, with projections to 2050.

Alig, Ralph J.; Plantinga, Andrew J.; Ahn, SoEun; Kline, Jeffrey D. 2003. Land use changes involving forestry in the United States: 1952 to 1997, with projections to 2050. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-587. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 92 p. About two-thirds (504 million acres) of the Nation’s forests are classed as timberland, productive forests capable of producing 20 cubic feet per acre of industrial wood annually and not legally reserved from timber harvest. The USDA’s 1997 National Resource Inventory shows that, nationally, 11 million acres of forest, cropland, and open space were converted to urban and other developed uses from 1992 to 1997, as the national rate of urbanization increased notably compared to the 1982-92 period. Forest land was the largest source of land converted to developed uses such as urbanization. Urban and other developed areas are projected to continue to grow substantially, in line with a projected U.S. population increase of more than 120 million people over the next 50 years, with population growth occurring the fastest in the West and South. Projected increases in population and income will, in turn, increase demands for use of land for residential, urban, transportation, and related uses. An overall net loss in forest area in the United States since the early 1950s has been due to a combination of factors, but in more recent decades has been primarily due to conversion to urban and developed uses. Total forest area in the United States is projected to decrease by approximately 23 million acres by 2050, a 3-percent reduction from the 1997 forest area. Consistent with the projected slow net decline in U.S. forestland area, private timberland area is likewise projected to decline. Total area of U.S. private timberland is projected to decline by 4 percent by 2050. Industry timberland is projected to decrease by 3.0 percent by 2050, whereas timberland area on nonindustrial private lands is projected to decrease by 4.4 percent.
Corporate Governance in Indonesian Listed Companies - A Problem of Legal Transplant

extract] The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of adoption of the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance by public listed companies in Indonesia. The author argues that the success of implementation of good corporate governance in Indonesia cannot be measured only by adoption of the principles in the code of corporate governance in each listed companies in Indonesia. Some thing was missing when a foreign legal system was adopted in Indonesia. This matter is called “legal culture”. It is an important variable for the success of adoption of a foreign legal system as well as a foreign code such as the Principles of Corporate Governance.
EFFECT OF 5-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID AND GENISTEIN ON ACCUMULATION OF POLYPHENOL AND ANTHOCYANIN IN 'QINYANG' APPLES

Consumers are highly interested in purchasing apples with red color. However, the early-ripening apples always show poor color, so it is particul arly important to improve apple color. The study was aimed to investigate effects of 5 Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and/or Genistein (GNT) on apple peel color of ‘Qinyang’, polyphenol compounds and regulation of the gene related to anthocyanin synthesis. 300 mg·L -1 ALA and/or 21. 62μg·L -1 GNT were sprayed on ‘Qinyang’ apples every five days after their bags were removed. The concentrations of anthocyanin and total polyphenol were determined with spectrophotometer and the concentrations of anthocyanin and polyphenol components were determined by HPLC. The relative expressions of six anthocyanin-related structural genes and regulation factor MYB10 were measured by RT-PCR. Spraying ALA and/or GNT had significant promoting effects on anthocyanin accumulation of apple peel. The contents of anthocyanin with ALA, GNT, and ALA plus GNT sprayed were 1.12, 1.37, and 3.00 times as much as that with water sprayed, respectively. ALA and/or GNT played an important role in promoting total polyphenol accumulation, and the flavonoids concentrations of apple peel were significantly increased. The RT -PCR results revealed that ALA and/or GNT up-regulated the expressions of PAL, CHS, DFR, F3H, UFGT, LDOX and MYB10.
Mass Production of Eleutherococcus senticosus Plants through in vitro Cell Culture

Immature zygotic embryos of Eleutherococcus senticosus seeds matured rapidly within one month when the seeds comprising zygotic embryos were pieced to small size and cultured on 1/2 MS medium. Frequency of somatic embryos formation was declined rapidly when the zygotic embryos germinated and grew to plantlets. Embryogenic cells were induced by consecutive subculture of somatic embryos on MS medium with 1.0mg/L2,4-D. After heart-shaped somatic embryos were induced by suspension culture, these embryos were plated onto petri dish to support maturation of embryos. Germination of embryos occurred on medium with 5mg/L GAand transferred to culture bowl to stimulate the further growth. Frequency of soil survival of plantlets was influenced by soil mixture (perlite and peatmoss). The suitable combination of perlite and peatmoss was 1:5, and the soil survival rate was 78% after 4 months. The soil transferred plantlets were over-wintered in field condition after defoliation. New year sprouting of plants was achieved successfully and they grew to adult plants. These results indicate that the systematic procecure of plant production in E. senticosus for micro propagation.
Quantitative analysis of bird egg color by using fiber spectrophotometer

In this paper,fiber spectrophotometer was first used in China to quantitatively analyze the egg color of Grey Bushchat(Saxicola ferrea)and Chinese Babax(Babax lanceolatus). The spectral measurement within the range of 300-700 nm showed that the egg color of the two bird species had significant differences in brightness and in green,yellow,and red chroma,but less difference in blue chroma.The spectral reflection ratios of visible light were of approximately parallel for the two bird species,with the same peak and foot,while those of ultra-violet were changing from high to low in differences.Principal component analysis of spectral reflection and shape indicated that the first three components together explained 99.9% and 99.8% of variation in the spectra of egg color of S.ferrea and B.lanceolatus,respectively.The first principal component(PC1)representing egg brightness explained 93.7% and 89.3% of variation,while the second principal component(PC2)representing egg chromatic variation accounted for 5.5% and 9.1% of the total variance,respectively.Using fiber spectrophotometer to quantitatively analyze bird egg color could provide more objective and scientific data for the study of bird classification,phylogenic evolution,and behavioral ecology,and develop new research area and angel of view.
Nitrogen nutrition, growth and gas exchange in Eucalyptus globulus Labill. seedlings

Potted Eucalyptus globulus Labill. seedlings were grown in sand with added inorganic nutrients. Three treatments were applied: (1) inorganic nitrogen was added regulary (N2), (2) in a small initial quantity only (N1) and (3) after a period of N deficiency (N3); other nutrients were supplied regularly. Biomass increment, foliar nutrient concentrations and gas exchange of leaves were measured. Carbon assimilation, N uptake, growth, and leaf production and expansion were all greater at higher N. Partitioning of dry matter to roots and tops of seedlings was unaffected by treatment. Carbon assimilation and diffusive conductance were linearly related at saturating light and were positively associated with foliar N concentrations; intercellular CO2 partial pressures were constant at c. 246 μbar. The relationship between carbon assimilation and foliar N concentration was better when calculated per leaf weight than per leaf area. Dark respiration was positively associated with foliar N concentration. Following refertilisation of N-deficient seedlings, foliar N and carbon assimilation increased rapidly; about 20 days later N uptake declined and seedling biomass started to increase. Instantaneous transpiration efficiency [c. 5 mmol (CO2) mol-1 (H2O)] was not significantly affected by foliar N concentration or treatment. Instantaneous nitrogen use efficiency of leaves: (rate of carbon assimilation)/(leaf N content) was greater at higher N. In contrast to the literature, there was no simple relationship between nitrogen use efficiency of whole seedlings (biomass gain)/(nitrogen concentration) and seedling N. Instantaneous transpiration and nitrogen use efficiencies were generally high compared with values published for many woody plants. A simple model predicted that, with no environmental constraints, exposed mature leaves with high N (1.5 mmol g-1) assimilate 5.4 times more carbon than similar leaves with low N (0.5 mmol g-1). Night respiration of foliage is a greater proportion of daily carbon balance for leaves with low N. When environmental factors constrain carbon assimilation foliage with high N is most affected.
Vision based handwritten character recognition

VISION BASED HANDWRITTEN CHARACTER RECOGNITION Özcan Öksüz M.S. in Computer Engineering Supervisor: Asst. Prof. Dr. Uğur Güdükbay September, 2003 Online automatic recognition of handwritten text has been an ongoing research problem for four decades. It is used in automated postal address and ZIP code and form reading, data acquisition in bank checks, processing of archived institutional records, automatic validation of passports, etc. It has been gaining more interest lately due to the increasing popularity of handheld computers, digital notebooks and advanced cellular phones. Traditionally, human-machine communication has been based on keyboard and pointing devices. Online handwriting recognition promises to provide a dynamic means of communication with computers through a pen like stylus, not just an ordinary keyboard. This seems to be a more natural way of entering data into computers. In this thesis, we develop a character recognition system that combines the advantage of both on-line and off-line systems. Using an USB CCD Camera, positions of the pen-tip between frames are detected as they are written on a sheet of regular paper. Then, these positions are used for calculation of directional information. Finally, handwritten character is characterized by a sequence of writing directions between consecutive frames. The directional information of the pen movement points is used for character pre-classification and positional information is used for fine classification. After characters are recognized they are passed to LaTeX code generation subroutine. Supported LaTeX environments are array construction, citation, section, itemization, equation, verbatim and normal text environments. During experiments a recognition rate of 90% was achieved. The main recognition errors were due to the abnormal writing and ambiguity among similar shaped characters.
Integrated control of cassava bacterial blight in West Africa in relation to ecozones, host plant resistance and cultural practices

Cassava production is reduced by several diseases among which cassava bacterial blight (CBB) is the second important in Africa. Prerequisite to develop integrated control measures of CBB is the knowledge on the distribution and the severity of the disease in different ecozones of Togo. A major element in the integrated control of CBB is host plant resistance. Therefore, genotypes were screened for durable resistance to CBB by characterizing their interactions with the environment in field trials in different ecozones. Virulence of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam) strains across ecozones was established. Selected genotypes were challenged by stem-inoculation with a set of representative, virulent Xam strains in order to identify possible pathotype x genotype interactions. As further elements of integrated control, crop sanitation and cultural measures adapted to ecozones e.g. intercropping, as well as soil amendments with mulch and potassium fertilizer were studied. A cassava disease survey was conducted in four agroecological zones of Togo. High incidences of cassava bacterial blight (CBB), cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cercosporioses were observed across ecozones. CBB field incidences of 90.5% in the dry savanna zone, 70% in the forest savanna transition zone, 64% in the wet savanna zone and 52.6% in the forest zone, were recorded, with plant incidences ranging from 27.4% in the forest zone to 72.7% in the dry savanna zone. CMD field incidences were nearly 100% in all the ecozones and high plant incidences up to 86.9% were found. Cercospora leaf diseases – brown leaf spot (BLS), blight leaf spot (BlLS) and white leaf spot (WLS) occurred in all the ecozones with incidences ranging from 68% to 100%. Negative correlations between CBB and CMD, and between CMD and WLS were found, while BLS and BlLS, BLS and WLS, and BlLS and WLS were positively correlated. Field incidence of CBB was positively correlated with plant age, ecozones higher severity in dryer ecozones (p < 0.01), and weed density (p < 0.05). Further significant, but negative correlations occurred between CBB and vegetation type in surroundings of the field (number of trees) (p < 0.05). Cercospora brown leaf spot (BLS) was significantly negatively associated with the number of trees in the surroundings of a field and the number of crops in a field (intercropping) (p < 0.05), and Cercospora white leaf spot with more sandy soils (p < 0.01). A further survey is recommended to confirm the present data. Measures to control cassava diseases, especially cassava bacterial bight, should be taken to avoid severe epidemics.
The Real Value of Strategic Planning

Most companies invest a significant amount of time and effort in a formal, annual strategic-planning process ? but many executives see little benefit from the investment. In the course of the authors' research, one manager compared his company's process with a "primitive tribal ritual," and another likened it to the Soviet system: "We pretend to make strategy and they pretend to follow it. " The authors found that, although few truly strategic decisions are made in the context of a formal process, formal planning can be a real source of competitive advantage when it is approached with the right goal in mind: as a learning tool to help companies create within their management teams "prepared minds" (to borrow from Louis Pasteur). The key is getting right a host of seemingly mundane but actually critical details concerning the annual meetings that are at the heart of all formal processes -- including who should attend the meetings, where they should be held and what kind of preparation is necessary to make them effective. Following an analysis of those details, the authors offer several examples showing prepared minds in action, in which formal planning helped managers make solidly grounded, real-time strategic decisions in a world of turbulence and uncertainty.