Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Evaluation Method for Hot Cracking Susceptibility of 310S Stainless Steel during Laser Welding using Trans-Varestraint Test

Solidification cracking occurs as a result of thermal strain and solidification behavior that is determined by welding conditions, especially welding speed. Brittle temperature range (BTR), an important index for evaluating solidification cracking, is used to quantity the effect of welding speed on susceptibility to solidification cracking. However, measurement of BTR using Trans-Varestraint test during laser welding has rarely been studied. The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of welding speed on solidification cracking susceptibility in type 310S stainless steel using Trans-Varestraint test during laser welding. Solidification cracking and ductility-dip cracking were distinguished by observing fracture surfaces. Compared with traditional Trans-Varestraint test carried out for gas tungsten arc welding, the number of solidification cracks and total crack lengths during laser welding were lower; however, the number density of solidification cracks and total crack length per bead width during laser welding were higher. Both of these values had a tendency to first increase and then decrease slightly with increasing welding speed: the maximum values occurred at approximately 1.5 m/min. Temperature profiles at 0.2 and 1.0 m/min during laser welding were measured by an optical-fiber radiation thermometer combined with in-situ observation using a high-speed camera. BTR was measured using the center crack length along the heat flow in the welding direction. BTR at 1.0 m/min was less than that at 0.2 m/min during laser welding because the maximum crack length appeared at the side of molten pool at welding speeds greater than 1.0 m/min.
Has India's Economic Growth Become More Pro-Poor in the Wake of Economic Reforms?

The extent to which India's poor have benefited from the countrys economic growth has long been debated. This paper revisits the issues using a new series of consumption-based poverty measures spanning 50 years, and including a 15-year period after economic reforms began in earnest in the early 1990s. Growth has tended to reduce poverty, including in the post-reform period. There is no robust evidence that the responsiveness of poverty to growth has increased, or decreased, since the reforms began, although there are signs of rising inequality. The impact of growth is higher for poverty measures that reflect distribution below the poverty line, and it is higher using growth rates calculated from household surveys than national accounts. The urban-rural pattern of growth matters to the pace of poverty reduction. However, in marked contrast to the pre-reform period, the post-reform process of urban economic growth has brought significant gains to the rural poor as well as the urban poor.
Magnetic resonance imaging: Refined to re-find

The hunt for an alternative and naive imaging modality by the clinicians for maxillofacial ailments has laid the foundations for various advancements in dental magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI is progressing for the past few decades from being a technique with great potential to one that has become the primary diagnostic investigation for many clinical problems. It has evolved from a confined diagnostic technique to more feasible and advanced technique for accurate diagnosis. This article reviews the basic principle of MRI, the recent and advanced changes such as the use of sweep imaging in Fourier transform fusion imaging, dynamic imaging, three-dimensional spin echo imaging, area specific magnetic coils, highly sensitive chemical probes, and electron spin resonance imaging to visualize the hard tissues which would be a paradigm shift in maxillofacial diagnosis.
Self-assembled InAs quantum dots formed by molecular beam epitaxy at low temperature and postgrowth annealing

Self-assembled InAs quantum dots are grown at low temperature (LT) by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on GaAs substrates. The growth is in situ monitored by reflection high-energy electron diffraction, and ex situ evaluated by atomic force microscopy for the morphological properties, and by high-resolution x-ray diffraction for the structural properties. While two monolayers as-grown LT (250 °C) InAs layers exhibit shallow mounds due to the low adatom migration length at low temperature, well-developed InAs dots are formed after postgrowth annealing above 450 °C. The structural quality of the LT GaAs matrix grown on top and of the embedded InAs dot layer is improved when a 3 nm GaAs interlayer is deposited (at 480 °C) on the InAs dots and subsequently annealed at 580 °C before LT GaAs overgrowth. These high structural quality LT-grown InAs dots are considered for applications in high-speed optical modulators and switches operating at low power by combining the high optical nonlinearity of quantum dots with t.
Inverse propagation algorithm for angstrom accuracy interferometer

This paper will illustrate several approaches to retrieving the shape of aspherical reflective surfaces as used in EUV Lithography, from measurements from a previously reported angstrom-accuracy interferometer. First, the working principles of the interferometer will be reviewed, and typical measurement data expected from the instrument will be presented. Several methods will then be introduced for retrieving the reflector shape from such measurements. These methods will include approaches based on ray tracing, approximate diffraction calculations, and linearization of rigorous diffraction calculations which use a novel numerical scheme to reduce calculation time of the diffraction integral. The methods will be compared on the basis of accuracy, calculation time and extendibility.
Metal-Covered Handset with LTE MIMO, Wi-Fi MIMO, and GPS Antennas

—Current phones include more metal than earlier, which deteriorates the performance of antennas. This paper presents the ﬁrst complete antenna set designed for a modern handset with a full metal back cover. 4G, Wi-Fi, and GPS antennas are integrated into the metallic side frame of the device in a realistic model. The designed antennas are either capacitive coupling elements with reactive loads or slot antennas. Fixed matching circuits are used to improve total eﬃciency. The passive implementation enables the use of carrier aggregation (CA) to increase the data rates, and includes also the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) operation for 4G and Wi-Fi. The designed antennas cover frequency bands 704–960 MHz, 1.56–1.61 GHz, 1.71–2.69 GHz, 2.4–2.484 GHz, and 5.15–5.875 GHz, producing in measurements a good agreement with simulation results.
Two-dimensional root phenotyping system based on root growth on black filter paper and recirculation micro-irrigation

Rattanapichai W. , Klem K. (2016): Two-dimensional root phenotyping system based on root growth on black filter paper and recirculation micro-irrigation. Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed. , 52: 64–70. Plant root system architecture (RSA) has an important role in crop production, particularly for water and nutrient uptake under limiting conditions. In the last few years, several root phenotyping methods have been developed. Here we present a new technique which has been developed for non-destructive, inexpensive and high-throughput root growth studies and RSA analyses. To illustrate the potential applications, this method was tested in an experiment with nitrogen and phosphorous deficiencies in a nutrient solution, affecting RSA parameters of two spring barley varieties (Bojos and Barke). This technique is based on root growth on vertically positioned black filter paper (30 × 60 cm) placed between two black plastic (PVC-P) foils and micro-irrigation systems providing the recirculation of nutrient solution. The pre-germinated seeds were placed in the slit between two plastic bars which carry the filter paper and plastic sheets and fix the plant in the vertical position. This system allows easy repeated non-invasive access to roots for their measuring and sampling. Eighteen days after transplanting the root imaging was done using an RGB digital camera. To evaluate the root architecture parameters the “SmartRoot” software was used. The results revealed that the system is able to detect changes in RSA which are caused mainly by P deficiency (particularly changes in lateral root length and total root area). It can be concluded that this technique has a great potential for non-destructive root growth studies, RSA measurement and root sampling.
Plane Gravitational Waves with Macro and Micro Matter Fields in Bimetric Relativity

In this paper, we will study Z = 3 t x y z           type plane gravitational waves either for macro field or for micro matter field or for coupled macro and micro matter represented by perfect fluid and scalar meson matter field respectively do not exist in bimetric theory of gravitation formulated by Rosen[1]. Only a vacuum model can be constructed.
Scalable algorithms for spatial-textual data join

Spatio-textual similarity join retrieves a set of pairs of objects wherein objects in each pair are close in spatial as well as textual dimensions. A lot of work has been done in the spatial dimension but no work has been done for spatial-textual joins. However, due to the ubiquity of GPS enabled devices, huge spatial-textual data is being generated which demand new methods to query and perform operations on this new data type. We study join operation for spatial-textual data and incorporate various optimizations/ heuristics such as efficient grid partitioning for spatial dimension, use of a specific prefix length of textual vector and ordering of elements in textual vectors on the basis of their TF-IDF scores. We also design and study algorithms using the above heuristics for spatial-textual data join on MapReduce Framework. Experimental results on two real life datasets, Flickr and Foursquare, show the effectiveness of these optimizations in terms of computation time as well as pruning of non-candidates. I dedicate my MTech Thesis to my parents for their never-ending love, support and blessings. Their kind support in ever moving forward in academic ventures made it possible for me to pursue my M. Tech. I am blessed to have parents like them.
Sensitivity, Internal Consistency and Factorial Structure of the Arabic Version of OMSAT-3

The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity, internal consistency and the factorial structure of an Arabic version of OMSAT-3 among Tunisian athletes. A translated version of OMSAT-3 was administrated to a total of 526 Tunisian athletes from both sexes divided on elite (n = 240) and non-elite (n = 286) and aged between 16 and 19 years. The results showed robust psychometric properties for the Arabic version of the instrument: it was sensitive according to the level of practice (8/12 subscales could discriminate the elites and non-elites athletes). Cronbach’s alpha revealed a good internal consistency (α > 0.70 for all the subscales). Also, confirmatory factor analysis provides a good adjustment index and adequate factorial structure. This version in Arabic language presents acceptable psychometric proprieties to evaluate the mental skills of the athletes in Tunisia and in other Arabic countries.
Dietary pigmentation and deposition of α-tocopherol and carotenoids in rainbow trout muscle and liver tissue

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed diets supplemented with canthaxanthin, oleoresin paprika and alpha-tocopherol. Canthaxanthin was more efficiently absorbed (3.8-7.9 mg/kg) in the flesh of rainbow trout than the paprika carotenoids (2.4-3.1 mg/kg). With increased pigmentation, decrease in lightness (L*) and hue angle, and increase in redness (a*) of the muscle were observed. Canthaxanthin produced more desirable reddish-pink color. Deposition of alpha-tocopherol in liver and muscle tissue increased with increase in dietary alpha-tocopheryl acetate. Fish receiving lower alpha-tocopheryl acetate reached maximum deposition levels earlier than those fed higher levels. There was no effect of alpha-tocopherol and carotenoid levels on muscle fatty acid composition.
On detection of unit roots generalizing the classic Dickey-Fuller approach

If we are given a time series of economic data, a basic question is whether the series is stationary or a random walk, i.e., has a unit root. Whereas the problem to test the unit root null hypothesis against the alternative of stationarity is well studied in the context of classic hypothesis testing in the sense of Neyman, sequential and monitoring approaches have not been studied in detail yet. We consider stopping rules based on a sequential version of the well known Dickey-Fuller test statistics in a setting, where the asymptotic distribution theory becomes a nice and simple application of weak convergence of Ito integrals. More sophisticated extensions studied elsewhere are outlined. Finally, we present a couple of simulations.
Differential Geometry of Rigid Bodies Collisions and Non-standard Billiards

The configuration manifold $M$ of a mechanical system consisting of two unconstrained rigid bodies in $\mathbb{R}^n$, $n\geq 1$, is a manifold with boundary (typically with singularities.) A complete description of the system requires boundary conditions that specify how orbits should be continued after collisions. A boundary condition is the assignment of a collision map at each tangent space on the boundary of $M$ that gives the post-collision state of the system as a function of the pre-collision state. Our main result is a complete description of the space of linear collision maps satisfying energy and (linear and angular) momentum conservation, time reversibility, and the natural requirement that impulse forces only act at the point of contact of the colliding bodies. These assumptions can be stated in geometric language by making explicit a family of vector subbundles of the tangent bundle to the boundary of $M$: the diagonal, non-slipping, and impulse subbundles. Collision maps at a boundary configuration are shown to be the isometric involutions that restrict to the identity on the non-slipping subspace. The space of such maps is naturally identified with the union of Grassmannians of $k$-dimensional subspaces of $\mathbb{R}^{n-1}$, $0\leq k\leq n-1$, each subspace specifying the directions of contact roughness. We then consider non-standard billiard systems, defined by fixing the position of one of the bodies and allowing boundary conditions different from specular reflection. We also make a few observations of a dynamical nature for simple examples of non-standard billiards and provide a sufficient condition for the billiard map on the space of boundary states to preserve the canonical (Liouville) measure on constant energy hypersurfaces.
Designing Appropriate Feedback for Virtual Agents and Robots.

The virtual agents’ and the social robots’ communities face similar challenges when designing appropriate feedback behaviors. The paper points out some of these challenges, namely developing behaviors for various embodiments, integration and behavior generation, synchronization within systems, and coordination in groups of systems and users. We describe some (preliminary) solutions to these problems. Based on the remaining challenges we discuss future research directions that will allow the fields to profit from each other and to jointly make progress towards their aim of developing systems for social interaction with humans.
Dynamically loaded beam failure under corroded conditions

De-icing salts, used on roads in heavy winters, may enter reinforced concrete (RC) structures via its capillary pore system or via cracks, initiating reinforcement corrosion and reducing its remaining service-life. Vehicles passing real bridges exert a dynamic impact action that might activate a fatigue failure mechanism. In order to generate more knowledge on the interaction between corrosion and fatigue, a four-point-bending test setup is developed where two lab-scale RC beams are loaded simultaneously. In this setup, RC beams are loaded dynamically, while for one of the beams, corrosion is accelerated by means of a chloridesolution bath mounted on top of it. The second beam, which is the control, is only exposed to tap water. Many test repetitions are foreseen, but so far, three tests are conducted using two different loading levels. It turned out that the reinforcement bar, which corroded due to chloride exposure, failed first in all cases. This paper reports results of the failure mechanism whereby forensic engineering was used to examine the interaction between corrosion and fatigue, and that this might result in a harmful undesirable failure mechanism. The results, therefore, should also be considered for service-life design predictions of infrastructure.
Underwater image quality enhancement through Rayleigh-stretching and averaging image planes

ABSTRACT Visibility in underwater images is usually poor because of the attenuation of light in the water that causes low contrast and color variation. In this paper, a new approach for underwater image quality improvement is presented. The proposed method aims to improve underwater image contrast, increase image details, and reduce noise by applying a new method of using contrast stretching to produce two different images with different contrasts. The proposed method integrates the modification of the image histogram in two main color models, RGB and HSV. The histograms of the color channel in the RGB color model are modified and remapped to follow the Rayleigh distribution within certain ranges. The image is then converted to the HSV color model, and the S and V components are modified within a certain limit. Qualitative and quantitative analyses indicate that the proposed method outperforms other state-of- the-art methods in terms of contrast, details, and noise reduction. The image color also shows much improvement.
VERSION in JPR 1 Comparative study of zooplankton scales and patterns of variability at four 2 monitoring sites of the Northeast Atlantic Shelves in relation to latitude and 3 trophic status

29 A comparative study of zooplankton variability was carried out analysing 15-year time 30 series (1999 – 2013) from the sites of Stonehaven (SH: northwest North Sea), Plymouth 31 L4 (L4: English Channel), Urdaibai 35 (U35: southeast Bay of Biscay, oligotrophic) 32 and Bilbao 35 (B35: southeast Bay of Biscay, mesotrophic), with the aim of assessing 33 the effect of latitude and trophic status on the scales of variability, the interannual 34 variations and the seasonal patterns of zooplankton. The variables analysed were total 35 zooplankton, chlorophyll a, temperature and 25 zooplankton taxa distinguished to group 36 and genera levels. From the three components of zooplankton variability (interannual, 37 seasonal and residual) the residual was the highest and the interannual the lowest at all 38 sites, but none of theset could be clearly related to latitude or trophic status. The three 39 components of variability were the lowest at L4, the interannual was highest at U35 due 40 to a local event that occurred in 2012, the seasonal was highest at the northernmost site 41 of SH, and the residual at U35 and B35, the latter likely related to lower sampling 42 frequency and higher natural and anthropogenic stress at U35 and B35. Interannual 43 zooplankton variations were not coherent across sites, suggesting that they were driven 44 by forces acting locally rather than by wider scale climatic drivers. The most recurrent 45 phenological trend was the delay of the early seasonal peak with increasing latitude. For 46 taxa with bimodal peaks, progressively later peaks with increasing latitude were also 47 observed. With some exceptions, the annual maxima was delayed and shortened with 48 increasing latitude. In the Bay of Biscay sites, under oligotrophic conditions (U35) most 49 taxa peaked in spring at the time of the early spring phytoplankton bloom, while under 50 mesotrophic conditions (B35) most taxa peaked in summer during the post spring 51 period of phytoplankton growth. 52 53 54 55 56 57
Examination of effects of urban street configuration on the amount of commercial buildings establishment (according to natural movement theory), Case study: Hamedan

The pattern of the urban layer is one of the factors that influence land use within the cities. Since the focus of this research is movement, accessibility, street network and urban form, the theory of Natural Movement is applied. This theory believes that movement is fundamentally a morphological issue in urbanism. It is a functional product of the intrinsic nature of the grid, and not a specialized aspect of it. In fact, spatial configuration is potentially a predictor of both pedestrians and vehicular traffic flows in urban environments. According to the theory of Natural Movement, the setting of uses and pedestrian’s movement are influenced by space configuration. Also, there exists a remarkable correlation between the density of setting uses which attract the populations and syntactic spatial variables. This research aims at verifying these relations in two trade regions adjacent to city center in Hamedan. The reason to choose Hamedan city is using unique situation of this city, for example symmetry in designing axes and accessibility spaces. To analyze the setting of trade uses adjacent to main axes and correlation ratio of these settings with spatial syntactic features of axes, we use correlation analysis. The rate of space legibility was also studied. It was known that where correlation variables, connectivity, control and local integration, regarded as spatial syntactic variables in Natural Movement Theory (Hillier),have greater values and their correlation with density of setting trade uses adjacent to main axis is greater, the commercial units are set more densely around this axis. This relationship was also verified by space intellilgibility. The main hypothesis of the research indicating the direct relationship between settings uses spatial syntactic variables. The application of Natural Movement Theory was investigated in this study. Normal 0 false false false RU X-NONE X-NONE
A Projection-Type Method for Multivalued Variational Inequality

We propose a projection-type method for multivalued variational inequality. The iteration sequence generated by the algorithm is proven to be globally convergent to a solution, provided that the multivalued mapping is continuous with nonempty compact convex values. Moreover, we present a necessary and sufficient condition on the nonemptiness of the solution set. Preliminary computational experience is also reported.
Biochemical composition of the nereidid Perinereis cultrifera from the Egyptian Mediterranean Coast

The present study documents the seasonal biochemical composition of the nereidid polychaete Perinereis cultrifera (carbohydrates, protein, lipids, fatty acids and amino acids) collected from a shallow area on the Alexandria coast, southeast Mediterranean. The results of this study showed that P. cultrifera contained 85.34-87.76% of the wet weight as water, 14.7-20.53% of dry weight (DW) as ash, 8.3-14.84% of DW as carbohydrates, 57.33-59.9% of DW as protein and 11.59-13.36% of DW as lipids. The total fatty acids varied seasonally from 45.9 to 100% of the total lipids with the absolute dominance (37.44-91.53%) of the polyunsaturated eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (C20:5n-3), accompanied by a small amount of the saturate stearic acid (C18:0). Eighteen amino acids were identified, including 10 essential (59.62-61.02% of protein) and 8 nonessential (38.98-40.38% of protein).
SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY – DOCTORATE IN CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY MAJOR RESEARCH PROJECT Preventing and Predicting Oppositional Defiant Disorder

6 Introduction . 7 Method . 10 Eligibility Criteria . 10 Information Sources . 11 Search . 11 Study Selection . 11 Data Extraction . 11 Results . 17 Study Selection . 17 Individual Studies . 17 Discussion . 23 Summary of Evidence . 23 Limitations . 24 Recommendations . 25 Conclusions . 25 References . 27 Abstract . 35. 35 Introduction . 36 Predicting ODD . 36 Maternal Depression . 37