Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analytical Modeling and Optimization of a Permanent Magnet Machine With Two-Segment Bread-Loaf Magnets

An analytical technique has been presented for predicting and optimizing the air-gap magnetic field in brushless surface-mounted permanent magnet (PM) machines with proposed two-segment bread-loaf magnets. The equivalently arc-shaped pieced magnets have been modeled and the subdomain model equations have been analytically solved. According to superposition principle, the air-gap magnetic field can be obtained. In addition, the presented analytical technique can also predict the induced back-electromotive force (EMF) and the electromagnetic torque. For the maximal air-gap flux density and electromagnetic torque, the optimum magnetization angle has been analytically derived. The analytical results show that the torque ripple can be significantly reduced for the proposed optimized two-segment bread-loaf magnets compared with the conventional parallel magnetized magnets with equal magnet usage. Predicted results have been validated by finite-element analysis (FEA) for a 6-slot/4-pole PM machine.
The Performance of Triangular Fault Elements in Earthquake Simulators

It has recently become practical to use triangular fault elements in earthquake simulators instead of the usual rectangular fault elements. A simulator spends most of its time computing how slip on some fault elements affects the stresses on other fault elements. We explore whether rectangles or triangles yield more accurate stress values on curved fault surfaces. One might expect triangles to perform better, because triangles can follow the shape of a curved surface, whereas rectangles leave gaps and overlaps between adjacent fault elements. Our test results show that, contrary to expectations, rectangles overall perform as well as or better than triangles when computing stresses on curved fault surfaces. We also find that one triangulation may perform significantly better than another triangulation.
Adaptive Hybrid Precoding With High Energy Efficiency for Millimeter Wave Communication Systems

Conventional hybrid precoding architectures for millimeter wave systems can be classified into two categories: fully-connected (FC) and subconnected (SC). However, due to the large number of phase shifters (PSs), the conventional hybrid precoding architectures often suffer from high power consumptions. To this end, two novel energy-efficient architectures are proposed, which are, respectively, named as adaptive FC (AFC) architecture and adaptive SC (ASC) architecture. The proposed architectures can adapt the connections between the radio frequency chains and antenna elements according to the channel environment, so that the hardware overhead can be reduced remarkably compared with the conventional counterparts. Afterwards, two novel hybrid precoding algorithms are proposed based on the AFC and ASC architectures. Particularly, in the proposed algorithm, a subspace projection-based branch-and-bound method is developed to derive the switch precoding matrix, thereby the computational burden can be reduced by more than two orders of magnitude in comparison to the traditional branch-and-bound method. Additionally, the problem of PS precoding matrix is reformulated as a positive semidefinite quadratic form via an elegant diagonal loading factor, so that the PS precoding matrix can be obtained easily. Simulation results verify that the proposed architectures and algorithms can offer both high energy efficiencies and spectral efficiencies.
Numerical study on adhesively bonded glass‐metal facade elements under different loading scenarios

Several research studies have been completed in the past fifteen years on glass panes adhesively bonded to a metal framing with the aim to enhance the structural potential of the material glass in building envelopes. However, the transfer of the obtained results into prototypes or real projects was often impeded either (i) by the degrading properties of the investigated adhesives under the real environmental conditions which facades are subjected to or (ii) because of the limited strength of the investigated silicone adhesives. This contribution presents selected results from a research project dealing with two configurations for glass‐metal facade elements with composite structural behaviour. In the case of the first configuration, which is more suitable for application in real projects due to the applied connection materials, a silicone adhesive bonding along the perimeter of the glass pane together with grouting blocks near the glass pane corners ensure the stress transfer between glass panes and framing. For the second configuration, the stress transfer is obtained solely by acrylic adhesive bonding along the perimeter of the glass pane. In this contribution, results from finite element simulations for the two configurations under different loading scenarios and levels are presented in order to point out the deformation behaviour of such elements, their structural potential as well as some of their limitations. The applied finite element model was previously validated based on experimental results. Load scenarios resulting from in‐plane and out‐of‐plane load situations as well as from temperature loads are covered by the discussed results.
Full‐scale Validation of a Generic Buck for Pedestrian Impact Simulation

Due to the lack of the definition of a generic buck for full‐scale car‐pedestrian impact tests, it was not possible to develop standardized trajectory corridors for validating the biofidelity of a full‐scale pedestrian dummy in whole‐body kinematics. The objective of this study was to validate the buck representing sedans developed by the authors’ group against cars in the sedan category at the full‐scale level in terms of the representativeness of car‐pedestrian interactions. Full‐scale lateral impact tests were conducted using the buck and the POLAR II pedestrian dummy at 40 km/h, and the tests were simulated using finite element (FE) models of the buck and the pedestrian dummy to validate the buck model at the full‐scale level. The validated buck model was used to simulate a car‐pedestrian lateral impact at 40 km/h using a human FE model previously developed by the authors. The representativeness of the buck was validated against a combined dataset from five FE models of production cars and estimation of APROSYS (Advanced Protection Systems) data representing the sedan category, showing that the trajectories, contact forces and injury measures from the buck model generally fell within their variations among the cars in the category represented by the buck.
Fast cycled superconducting magnets for the upgrade of the LHC injector complex

An upgrade of the LHC injection chain, and especially the sequence of PS and SPS, up to an extraction energy of 1 TeV, is one of the steps considered to improve the performance of the whole LHC accelerator complex. The magnets for this upgrade require central magnetic field from 2 T (for a PS upgrade) to 4.5 T (for an SPS upgrade), and field ramp rate ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 T/s. In this paper we discuss under which conditions superconducting magnets are attractive in this range of operating field and field ramp-rate, and we list the outstanding issues to be adddressed by a dedicated R&D. MAGNET NEEDS AND R&D TARGETS
Modeling and Design of a Prototype Footstep Power Generating Machine

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Bida, Bida, Niger State, Nigeria. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technology, Niger State Polytechnic, Zungeru, Niger State, Nigeria. Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, C.K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Navrongo, Upper East Region, Ghana.
Modeling the Wintering Habitat Distribution of Oriental Honey Buzzards in West Java Indonesia with Satellite Tracking Data Using Logistic Regression

Oriental honey buzzards (OHBs, Pernis ptilorhynchus) are one of migratory raptor from Japan to Indonesia which is widely recognized as indicator species reflecting the conditions of their habitat. Since 2003, OHBs have been satellite-tracked in their wintering grounds in Indonesia. Less information available on wintering areas in the west Java, which hampers the OHB conservation efforts. This paper proposes a new approach for predicting the probability models of the wintering habitat distribution of OHBs with the presence data derived from satellite tracking using logistic regression analysis coupled with RAMAS GIS. This spatial model was locally constructed from the data concerning Talaga Bodas and its surrounding areas and extrapolated for the entire West Java region. The best predicted probability model successfully characterized the distribution of the OHB wintering habitat using slope (25–40%), elevation (0–300 m and >1,000 m), and land cover (forest, paddy field, and water body). The extrapolation model generated potential areas of the wintering habitat distribution covering an area of 3013.13 km2 (8.11% of West Java). These areas were predominantly located outside the protected areas (94.04%). The modeling approach proposed herein may be used to study other migratory species that are tracked using satellite or other navigation technologies.
Analyzing Web Search Strategy of Software Developers to Modify Source Codes

SUMMARY Software developers often use a web search engine to improve work e ﬃ ciency. However, web search strategies (e.g., frequently changing web search keywords) may be di ﬀ erent for each developer. In this study, we attempted to deﬁne a better web search strategy. Although many previous studies analyzed web search behavior in programming, they did not provide guidelines for web search strategies. To suggest guidelines for web search strategies, we asked 10 subjects four questions about programming which they had to solve, and analyzed their behavior. In the analysis, we focused on the subjects’ task time and the web search metrics deﬁned by us. Based on our experiment, to enhance the e ﬀ ectiveness of the search, we suggest (1) that one should not go through the next search result pages, (2) the number of keywords in queries should be suppressed, and (3) previously used keywords must be avoided when creating a new query.
A message-level security approach for RESTful services

In the past ten years Web Services have positioned themselves to be one of the leading distributed technologies. The technology, supported by major IT companies, offers specifications to many challenges in a distributed environment like strong interface and message contacts, service discovery, reliable message exchange and advanced security mechanisms. On the other hand, all these specifications have made Web Services very complex and the industry is struggling to implement those in a standardized manner. REST based services, also known as RESTful services, are based on pure HTTP and have risen as competitors to Web Services, mainly because of their simplicity. Now they are being adopted by the majority of the big industry corporations including Microsoft, Yahoo and Google, who have deprecated or passed on Web Services in favor of RESTful services. However, RESTful services have been criticized for lacking functionality offered by Web Services, especially message-level security. Since security is an important functionality which may tip the scale in a negative direction for REST based services, this thesis proposes a prototype solution for message-level security for RESTful services. The solution is for the most part technical and utilizes well-known, cross-platform mechanisms which are composed together while a smaller part of the solution discusses a non-technical approach regarding the token distribution. During the development of the prototype, much of the focus was to adapt the solution according to the REST principals and guidelines, such are multi-format support (XML or JSON) and light-weight, human readable messages.
A Short Review on Clustering Dark Energy

We review dark energy models that can present non-negligible fluctuations on scales smaller than Hubble radius. Both linear and nonlinear evolutions of dark energy fluctuations are discussed. The linear evolution has a well-established framework, based on linear perturbation theory in General Relativity, and is well studied and implemented in numerical codes. We highlight the main results from linear theory to explain how dark energy perturbations become important on the scales of interest for structure formation. Next, we review some attempts to understand the impact of clustering dark energy models in the nonlinear regime, usually based on generalizations of the Spherical Collapse Model. We critically discuss the proposed generalizations of the Spherical Collapse Model that can treat clustering dark energy models and their shortcomings. Proposed implementations of clustering dark energy models in halo mass functions are reviewed. We also discuss some recent numerical simulations capable of treating dark energy fluctuations. Finally, we summarize the observational predictions based on these models.
An effective evapotranspiration estimation scheme based on statistical indicators for sustainable environments in humid and semi-arid area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is critical for irrigation design and water management in rainfed and irrigated agriculture. The Penman-Monteith (FAO-56(PM)) equation was demonstrated to be the most reliable and adaptive to a wide range of humid to semi-arid climates. However, it requires several environmental parameters (e.g., wind speed, solar radiation), rarely available in developing countries. Therefore, numerous temperature-based formulas have been designed to address this issue for various environments. Their calibration and validation against the local climate frequently lead to increases in performance. We revised the Hargreaves exponent (EH) and substituted a value of (0.16) for the original value (0.5). The modified Hargreaves formula enhances the ETo predictions with a mean absolute error ranging from (0.791) mm per day for Balakot to (2.36) mm per day in Risalpur, averaging (3.797) mm per day, as compared to the Hargreaves-Samani (16.827) mm per day. In general, all the selected models showed high accuracy. However, the modified Hargreaves equation appeared to be the most promising results. It ranked first in (50%) of the whole area based on the standard error of estimate for estimating ETo in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Additional research must be conducted to determine the study's relevance to other regions.
Revisiting Antibiotic Resistance: Mechanistic Foundations to Evolutionary Outlook

Antibiotics are the pivotal pillar of contemporary healthcare and have contributed towards its advancement over the decades. Antibiotic resistance emerged as a critical warning to public wellbeing because of unsuccessful management efforts. Resistance is a natural adaptive tool that offers selection pressure to bacteria, and hence cannot be stopped entirely but rather be slowed down. Antibiotic resistance mutations mostly diminish bacterial reproductive fitness in an environment without antibiotics; however, a fraction of resistant populations ‘accidentally’ emerge as the fittest and thrive in a specific environmental condition, thus favouring the origin of a successful resistant clone. Therefore, despite the time-to-time amendment of treatment regimens, antibiotic resistance has evolved relentlessly. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), we are rapidly approaching a ‘post-antibiotic’ era. The knowledge gap about antibiotic resistance and room for progress is evident and unified combating strategies to mitigate the inadvertent trends of resistance seem to be lacking. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of the genetic and evolutionary foundations of antibiotic resistance will be efficacious to implement policies to force-stop the emergence of resistant bacteria and treat already emerged ones. Prediction of possible evolutionary lineages of resistant bacteria could offer an unswerving impact in precision medicine. In this review, we will discuss the key molecular mechanisms of resistance development in clinical settings and their spontaneous evolution.
PV status report

Research, solar cell production and market implementation of photovoltaics : PV status report / Arnulf Jager-Waldau. Ispra : Institute for Energy. JRC. European Commission, July 2011, 126 p. (EUR 24807 EN - 2011) http://re.jrc. ec.europa. eu/refsys/pdf/PV%20reports/PV%20Status%20Report%202011.pdf The report indicates that the photovoltaic (PV) industry production more than doubled in 2010, thus reaching a world-wide production volume of 23.5 gigawatts (GW) of photovoltaic modules. It is a more .
Parallel Scheduling of Large-Scale Tasks for Industrial Cloud–Edge Collaboration

Industrial Internet of Things is moving toward an intelligent level with large-scale collaborative cloud and edge resources, making it possible for online supervision, fast analysis, and precise control for many manufacturing job shops. However, online processing of large-scale industrial computation brings huge communication overhead and energy consumption among cloud, edge, and end devices. To improve the performance of the cloud–edge collaboration, this article establishes a practical model of task scheduling considering two kinds of cloud–edge collaborative modes. We propose a parallel group-merge evolutionary algorithm to assign thousands of tasks in seconds. The algorithm separates tasks into weakly correlated groups and applies modified evolutionary operators to find a subsolution for each group. Then, the subsolutions are merged to form a complete solution for fine-tuning based on the cross-use of heuristics. Experimental results show that the proposed method could assign thousands of tasks to cloud servers and edge servers in seconds, reduce the overall task computing time by 36.97%, and save the overall energy by 23.71% at most.
Mapping Actuarial Criteria for Parkinson’s Disease-Mild Cognitive Impairment onto Data-Driven Cognitive Phenotypes

Prevalence rates for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD-MCI) remain variable, obscuring the diagnosis’ predictive utility of greater dementia risk. A primary factor of this variability is inconsistent operationalization of normative cutoffs for cognitive impairment. We aimed to determine which cutoff was optimal for classifying individuals as PD-MCI by comparing classifications against data-driven PD cognitive phenotypes. Participants with idiopathic PD (n = 494; mean age 64.7 ± 9) completed comprehensive neuropsychological testing. Cluster analyses (K-means, Hierarchical) identified cognitive phenotypes using domain-specific composites. PD-MCI criteria were assessed using separate cutoffs (−1, −1.5, −2 SD) on ≥2 tests in a domain. Cutoffs were compared using PD-MCI prevalence rates, MCI subtype frequencies (single/multi-domain, executive function (EF)/non-EF impairment), and validity against the cluster-derived cognitive phenotypes (using chi-square tests/binary logistic regressions). Cluster analyses resulted in similar three-cluster solutions: Cognitively Average (n = 154), Low EF (n = 227), and Prominent EF/Memory Impairment (n = 113). The −1.5 SD cutoff produced the best model of cluster membership (PD-MCI classification accuracy = 87.9%) and resulted in the best alignment between PD-MCI classification and the empirical cognitive profile containing impairments associated with greater dementia risk. Similar to previous Alzheimer’s work, these findings highlight the utility of comparing empirical and actuarial approaches to establish concurrent validity of cognitive impairment in PD.
Visual Assessment of Distorted View for Metamorphopsia Patient by Interactive Line Manipulation

The number of individuals with Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is rapidly increasing. One of the main symptoms of AMD is "metamorphopsia," or distorted vision, which not only makes it difficult for individuals with AMD to do detailed-oriented tasks but also makes sufferers more vulnerable to certain risks in day-to-day life. Traditional clinical approaches to assess metamorphopsia have lacked mechanisms for quantifying the degree of distortion in space, making it impossible to know exactly how individuals with the condition see things. This paper proposes a new method for quantifying distortion in space and visualizing AMD patients' distorted views via line manipulation. By visualizing the distorted views stemming from metamorphopsia, the method gives doctors and others an intuitive picture of how patients see the world and thereby enables a broad range of options for treatment and support.
The Role of Cognitive Empathy on Adolescents’ Phubbing During Pandemic Covid-19

During the Covid-19 pandemic, various activities, including the learning process, have shifted to digital platforms. This is a serious concern because teenagers interact more easily with smartphones than pay attention to other people during social interactions, which is called "phubbing". The purpose of this study was to examine the role of cognitive empathy in phubbing among adolescents who use social media. By using the volunteer sampling (opt-in) panel technique, a total of 398 respondents (aged 16-21) were taken part in this study. Respondents filled out two instruments, namely the Phubbing Scale (10 items), the Basic Empathy Scale (9 items). There is an effect of cognitive empathy on phubbing in adolescent social media users, with a contribution value of 38%. The results showed there was a gender difference, with girls reporting higher levels of phubbing and cognitive empathy than boys. This study is the first to provide empirical evidence on the role of cognitive empathy for phubbing on social media among adolescents. This highlights the importance of efforts to indulge our culture as our national identity to stop phubbing becoming the new norm in society, including the younger generation.
DCI after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Is Related to the Expression of MFG-E8

Objective To explore the predictive value of milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) in the occurrence of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Methods We recruited 32 patients with aSAH as the case group and 24 patients with unruptured aneurysms as the control group. Serum MFG-E8 levels were measured by western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We analyzed the relationship between MFG-E8 levels and the risk of DCI. Results The levels of serum MFG-E8 in the case group (mean = 11160.9 pg/mL) were significantly higher than those in the control group (mean = 3081.0 pg/mL, p < 0.001). MFG-E8 levels highly correlated with the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) and modified Fisher scores (r = −0.691 and − 0.767, respectively, p < 0.001). In addition, MFG-E8 levels in patients with DCI (5882.7 ± 3162.4 pg/mL) were notably higher than those in patients without DCI (15818.2 ± 3771.6 pg/mL, p < 0.001). A receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the occurrence of DCI could effectively be predicted by MFG-E8 (area under the curve = 0.976, 95%CI = 0.850–1.000). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed a remarkable decrease in the incidence of DCI in case group individuals with high levels of MFG-E8 (≥11160.9 pg/mL, p < 0.001). Conclusion MFG-E8 may be a useful predictive marker for DCI after an aSAH and could be a promising surrogate end point.