Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SCALE-DEPENDENT SUMMER RESOURCE SELECTION BY REINTRODUCED ELK IN WISCONSIN, USA

Abstract Identifying how habitat use is influenced by environmental heterogeneity at different scales is central to understanding ungulate population dynamics on complex landscapes. We used resource selection functions (RSF) to study summer habitat use in a reintroduced and expanding elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) population in the Chequamegon National Forest, Wisconsin, USA. Factors were examined that influenced where elk established home ranges and that influenced habitat use within established home ranges. We also determined grain sizes over which elk responded to environmental heterogeneity and the number of categories of habitat selection from low to high that the elk distinguished. At a large spatial extent, elk home-range establishment was largely explained by the spatial distribution of wolf (Canis lupus) territories. Forage abundance was also influential but was relatively more important at a small spatial extent when elk moved within established home ranges. Areas near roads were avoided when establishing a home-range, but areas near roads were selected for use within the established home range. Elk distinguished among 4 different categories of habitat selection when establishing and moving within home ranges. Spatial and temporal cross validation demonstrated that to improve the predictive strength of habitat models in areas of low inter-annual variability in the environment, it is better to follow more individuals across diverse environmental conditions than to follow the same individuals over a longer time period. Last, our results show that the effects of environmental variables on habitat use were scale-dependent and reemphasize the necessity of analyzing habitat use at multiple scales that are fit to address specific research questions.
Application of phylogenetically based hybridization probes to microbial ecology

The comparative sequencing of the 16Slike RNAs has provided the first comprehensive phylogeny of micro-organisms (Woese 1987). This phylogeny now serves to define and relate the diversity of environmental populations (Olsen et al. 1986; Pace et nl. 1986; Stahl 1986; Woese 1987). Based on recent studies using rRNA-based methods to directly survey environmental diversity, most microbiologists now acknowledge their very sketchy understanding of the microbial world. All molecular surveys of environmental specimens have revealed undescribed diversity (Stahl ef al. 1985; Giovannoni ef al. 1990; DeLong 1992; DeLong et al. 1994). In fact, the recovery of rRNA sequences carresponding to described species has been the rare exception. This has been a revelation for most. My intent in this short review is to address some of the more general themes that are emerging from the application of a molecular-phylogenetic framework to study natural systems and how these themes serve to structure analytical approaches using nucleic acid probes.
Lichens and bryophytes in Tasmanian wet eucalypt forest: floristics, conservation and ecology

A total of 452 species, comprising 262 lichens, 78 mosses and 112 liverworts, is recorded from Eucalyptus obliqua L'Her. dominated wet forest in southern Tasmania. A classification of the species is presented, based on their distribution and ecology. Four groups are recognised: (i) mature wet forest species, subdivided further into species of old forests, species of old trees, and foliicolous species; (ii) species of open eucalypt forests; (iii) widespread and common species; and (iv) species of disturbed habitats, subdivided into transient colonisers and persistent early colonisers. Together with an assessment of conservation status of the species, this classification provides a tool whereby simple comparisons of floristic richness or species composition can be refined so that the ecological ‘quality’ of a site can be evaluated. A case study comparing the flora before and after burning demonstrates the usefulness of the approach. It showed that although the diversity of cryptogams recovers quite quickly, the species composition of the flora alters significantly. The classification represents the first of its kind for lichens and bryophytes in Tasmania’s forests and will be extended in the future to incorporate other forest types and non-forest vegetation. Several lichens, including Absconditella celata Dobbeler & Poelt , Arthonia didyma Korb. , Calicium hyperelloides Nyl. , Cladonia adspersa Mont. & Bosch. , Coenogonium lutescens (Vĕzda & Malcolm) Malcolm , Coppinsia minutissima Lumbsch & Heibel , Dactylospora heimleri (Zukal) Dobbeler & Triebel , Micarea melaneida (Nyl.) Coppins , Opegrapha herbarum Mont. and Placynthiella uliginosa (Schrad.) Coppins & James, are recorded in Tasmania for the first time.
Citizen-Patient Involvement in the Development of mHealth Technology: Protocol for a Systematic Scoping Review

Background The development of mobile technology for information retrieval and communication, both at individual and health organizational levels, has been extensive over the last decade. Mobile health (mHealth) technology is rapidly adapting to the health care service contexts to improve treatment, care, and effectiveness in health care services. Objective The overall aim of this scoping review is to explore the role of citizen-patient involvement in the development of mHealth technology in order to inform future interventions. By identifying key characteristics of citizen-patient involvement in system development, we aim to improve digital communication and collaboration between health care providers and citizen-patients, including sharing of health care data. Methods The systematic scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews by searching literature in 3 steps. We will include literature reporting on the public, citizens, and patients participating in the development of mobile technology for health care purposes in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, EMBASE, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. A preliminary search was completed in MEDLINE and Scopus. The screening process will be conducted by 2 of the authors. Data will be extracted using a data extraction tool prepared for the study. Results The study is expected to identify research gaps that will inform and motivate the development of mHealth technology. The final report is planned for submission to an indexed journal in November 2020. Conclusions To our knowledge, this review will be the first review to provide knowledge about how citizen-patients participate in system developments for mHealth tools and the value that such involvement adds to the system development process. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/16781
Effect of safety climate on safety behavior in employees: The mediation of safety motivation

The number of work accidents in production employees is high. One reason is the lack of compliance of employees with workplace safety rules. The necessary aspects that can improve workplace safety are safety climate and safety motivation. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of safety climate on safety behavior both directly and indirectly mediated by safety motivation. Three scales were used in this study, namely the safety behavior scale, the safety climate scale, and the safety motivation scale. The Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients were 0.898, 0.922, and 0.896. The respondents were 78 employees in the production, processing, and quality assurance section. Data were analyzed using regression analysis. The result showed the direct effect (β = 0.272) and the indirect effect of safety climate on safety behavior (β = 0.281). The effect of climate safety on safety behavior was partially mediated by safety motivation.
Parsimony and History

M. HILLIS. 1996. Phylogenetic inference. Pages 407514 in Molecular systematics, 2nd edition (D. M. Hillis, C. Moritz, and B. K. Mable, eds.). Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts. SWOFFORD, D. L. , AND R. B. SELANDER. 1981. BIOSYS-1: A Fortran program for the comprehensive analysis of electrophoretic data in population genetics and systematics. J. Hered. 87:199-229. WIENS, J. J. 1995. Polymorphic characters in phylogenetic systematics. Syst. Biol. 44:482-500.
3-D electronic density maps for enzyme reaction intermediates: big data and high performance computing services in a virtualized environment

Enzymatic reactions play key role in metabolism of all living organisms. Recent advances in computational methods allow detailed study of enzyme-catalyzed processes, providing data on all intermediate states along reaction path. Furthermore, experimental data on the structure of the reaction intermediates become more available due to advancing of ultrafast X-Ray spectroscopy. These data describes electronic density of intermediates, sometimes even in time series. Currently, prominent Protein Data Bank (PDB) keeps records on the raw crystallographic data on electron density, but usually describes only enzymes or enzymes-inhibitor complexes. A database service where the both experimental and simulated data can be stored and analyzed simultaneously will be a valuable scientific tool for bringing theory and experiment together. There are hundreds of enzymes known and one should expect large volumes of data on three-dimensional property like electronic density. At the same time, quantum chemistry simulations of large biomolecules require extensive computing resources. Thus, we turned into service model using Nautilus environment of Cognitive Hardware And Software Ecosystem Community Infrastructure (CHASE-CI) project as a blueprint. In that environment, each participating organization can donate their hardware resources, like storage or compute elements, while retaining flexible access control to running services and datasets. We have installed and tested a small-scale environment prototype using resources of LCC laboratory at Chemistry Department Lomonosov Moscow State University, Joint Institute of Nuclear Research (Dubna) and RSC Group company (Moscow). As it was efficiently implemented in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) project, we identified basic search queries and structured database accordingly.
Homology modelling and comparative docking analysis of two naturally occurring pancreatic glucokinase mutants

pancreatic glucokinase mutants with contrasting enzymatic behaviours were successfully generated and accurately predicted. The homology models of the activated V367M and deactivated R369P mutants were used for comparative docking analysis in order to probe why such mutations led to either an increase or diminishment of enzyme activity. Results of structural characterization and docking simulations suggest that the small conformational changes are responsible for the observed variation in enzymatic activity. Iterative fitting and comparison of their respective Ramachandran plots reveal that these conformational changes are not sufficient to perturb the overall protein architecture. However, active site modelling showed that these conformational changes altered the manner of ligand binding, from which the observed contrasting enzymatic behaviours originate. T KEYWORDS
Transfusion risk reduction: Testing for bacteria

Bacterial transmission by transfusion remains a significant problem in transfusion medicine and several Blood Services have introduced bacterial testing of platelet components. Platelet components present the greatest risk due to their storage at 18–22°C, which enhances the proliferation of most bacterial species. Platelet components were involved in 87% of bacterial fatalities in the USA between 2005 to 2009 and in 83% of bacterial transmissions in the UK between 1996 and 2011.
The Effects of Supplemental Protease Enzymes on Production Variables in Lactating Holstein Cows

A study was conducted to examine the effects of supplemental dietary protease enzymes on production variables in dairy cattle. Ninety-six multiparous lactating Holstein cows (624±62 kg body weight and 154±104 days in milk) were blocked according to parity, days in milk, and previous milk production and randomly assigned to a control total mix ration (TMR) or a TMR containing a blend of supplemental protease enzymes (PE; 4 g/cow/d) in a crossover design with two 21-day experimental periods. Daily pen milk yield and dry matter intake (DMI) were recorded and milk composition from all cows was determined on d 15, 17, 19 and 21 of each period. There was no treatment effect on milk yield (37.6 kg/d), but supplemental PE-fed cows consumed less DMI (P<0.05) compared to controls and therefore tended to have improved feed efficiency (P=0.06). Feeding supplemental PE decreased blood urea nitrogen (P<0.05) compared to the control cows. However, feeding PE had no effect on milk fat and protein content but tended (P=0.08) to increase milk lactose concentration and tended (P=0.10) to decrease milk urea nitrogen levels and somatic cell score. Results indicate that supplemental PE may enhance production efficiency and improve parameters of nitrogen status.
Assessing Potential Benthic Impacts of Harvesting the Pacific Geoduck Clam Panopea generosa in Intertidal and Subtidal Sites in British Columbia, Canada

ABSTRACT The Pacific geoduck Panopea generosa is the largest burrowing clam in the world and adults can live up to a meter below the sediment surface. To extract these clams, harvesters use pressurized water jets to dislodge surrounding sediments. This type of disturbance could have significant effects on the local benthic environment, but has been little examined. The present study was conducted on one intertidal and one subtidal plot to assess potential effects of commercial-scale geoduck harvesting on the sedimentary benthic environment and nearby eelgrass beds. Sediment samples were collected inside the impacted plots and at intervals up to 75 m away while eelgrass sampleswere collected adjacent to the impacted plots and at intervals up to 50maway, seasonally over 2 y.Harvest of the subtidal plot occurred at one year and mock harvest of the intertidal plot occurred after one preimpact sample. Sediment and infaunal qualities examined included: grain size, percent organics, total nitrogen, total organic carbon, sulfide content, redox potential, and infaunal community structure. Eelgrass parameters studied included shoot length, shoot density, and biomass. Sedimentation rates during harvesting were examined and compared with those of natural occurrence. Suspended sediments were increased by harvesting, but generally limited to the footprint of the harvested area, and were not greater than those created by wind/storm conditions. No changes were observed, however, in any of the measured sediment or infaunal variables on or near the harvested plot or in adjacent eelgrass. In addition, no significant response in eelgrass parameters was observed. This study indicated little effect of commercial geoduck harvesting practices beyond short-lived resuspension of sediment on the two harvested plots.
Nutrient concentration-Flow relationships and loads in the South Pine River, South-eastern Queensland. I. Phosphorus loads

Total P (TP), particulate P (PP), and total dissolved P (TDP) were monitored over 24 months in the South Pine River, south-eastern Queensland. The sampling interval ranged from 13-16 days during baseflow to less than 30 min duling stormflow. Baseflow TP concentrations were relatively constant at 0.03 mg L-1. During stormflow, concentrations of both TDP and PP increased significantly and were positively correlated with flow. TP loads were 8950 kg (56.7 kg km-2 year-1) and 3980 kg (25.2 kg-1 year-1) in 1984 and 1985 respectively. Annual load was influenced by both the absolute discharge volume and the relative proportion of stormflow. PP was the dominant P fraction, comprising 77% of the TP load. Approximately 86, 89 and 75% of the TP, PP and TDP loads, respectively, were carried in only 2.8% of the time (20 days) during three major storms (50.8% of total flow). Concentrations and exports were high relative to those reported in other Australian studies, suggesting that climatic factors, particularly rainfall intensity, are important in determining export. As a result of the variability in unit area export attributable to variations in runoff, unit area export coefficients are of negligible use for predictive purposes. However, by expressing load in terms of mass per unit runoff per unit area (kg mm-1 km-2), variance attributable to discharge is removed. When expressed in this form, stormflow export was relatively constant (0.46-0.54 kg mm-1 km-2). A method of predicting load from the flow record using this coefficient is proposed.
Influences of different collector materials on Mediterranean Mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis L. 1819 in the Dardanelles.

The present study is carried out in Kilya Bay (in the Dardanelles) between February 2002 and February 2004. The purpose of this study was to determine the most suitable collector material, time to collect mussel seed, and the growth rate. In the first three months of the study, different collector materials (net rope, polypropylene rope, sisal rope, and jute rope) were deployed in the water column. Spat recruitment was not varied between collector materials (p>0.05). When resistance of ropes were compared against the effects of water, it was found that net rope was most suitable for the mussel seed collection. Net collectors were deployed in February, March, April, May, June, and January. Mussel spat settlement was observed throughout the study, however between collectors, spat attachment was significantly different between months (p<0.05). The higher attachment period was observed in February and April. These results showed that mussel reproduction period was all year round and first attachment individuals reached marketable (<50 mm) size in 1.5 year.
Establishment and Characterization of three New Embryonic Spodoptera littoralis Cell Lines and Testing their Susceptibility to SpliMNPV

Baculoviruses have a significant potential as biological pesticides. Spodoptera littoralis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliMNPV) could thus find an application to protect plants against the African Cotton Leafworm. For the in vitro production of SpliMNPV a cellular system has to be established. For this purpose three new continuous cell lines were established from the embryonic tissue of the cotton leaf worm S. littoralis.The three cell lines were designated Spli-C, Spli-S and Spli-B. They consisted mostly of spherical cells, but also contained spindle and giant cells. The population doubling time for the three cell lines Spli-C, Spli-S and Spli-B were 30.5, 31 and 44.5 hrs, respectively, at passage 19, while at passage 120 it decreased to 26, 27 and 32 hrs, respectively. RAPD and DAF DNA fingerprint confirmed that the cell lines originated from S. littoralis tissues. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozyme analysis demonstrated a distinguishable difference between the three new S. littoralis cell lines and the other insect cell lines which we use in our laboratory.All three new cell lines were susceptible to SpliMNPV and thus are suitable for virus multipication. Cells were immobilized using sodium cellulose sulfate (NaCS) and poly diallyl dimethyl ammoniumchloride (PDADMAC) capsules to protect cells from shear stress. This is caused during cultivation by agitation and gas sparging during supply of sufficient oxygen in order to reach high cell densities. The cell densities increased from 4-5x106 cells/ml in suspension cultureto1.3x107 cells/ml in capsules. Our results suggest that large-scale production of SpliMNPV as a biopesticide is possible with these cell lines.
Influence of Surrounding Medium on Metabolic Rates in Alpine Newts, Ichthyosaura alpestris, during Aquatic Phase

Abstract Measuring standard metabolic rates in newts remains a complicated task despite substantial methodological and technological advances in the field. We examined the influence of aquatic versus terrestrial conditions in respirometry chambers on measurements of respiratory gases and motor activity in Alpine Newts, Ichthyosaura alpestris, during their aquatic phase. Aquatic conditions during intermittent respirometry trials biased values of carbon dioxide production more than values of oxygen consumption, which caused marked differences in estimates of respiratory quotient. Placing newts in water increased their motor activity relative to terrestrial conditions during respirometry trials, which made obtaining representative estimates of standard metabolic rates complicated. We conclude that the absence of water, rather than aquatic conditions in respirometry chambers, produces more-accurate metabolic measurements in newts during their aquatic phase.
Triterpenoids from Garcinia rigida

The leaves of Garcinia rigida afforded six triterpenoid compounds, friedelin (1), lanosta-8,25-en-3 beta-ol (2), stigmasterol (3), lupeol (4), 3 beta-hydroxy-20(29)-en-lupan-30-al (5) and 3 beta-hydroxy-20(29)-en-lupan-30-ol (6). The structures of 1-6 were elucidated by IR, MS, NMR spectroscopies and comparison of their spectroscopic data with those reported in the literatures. Compound 6 showed toxicity to Artemia salina in brine shrimp lethality test (BLST) with LC(50) 27.72 mu g/mL.
Patterns of Beetle (Coleoptera) Diversity in Crowns of Representative Tree Species in an Old-Growth Temperate Deciduous Forest

Patterns of spatial variation, temporal change, and host-tree differences of beetle communities in crowns of representative tree species were examined in an old-growth temperate deciduous forest in Hueston Woods State Park, Preble County, southwestern Ohio in 1998. The three study plots were separated spatially. Each had two 1-ha subplots containing one individual of four tree species: American beech ( Fagus grandifolia ), sugar maple ( Acer saccharum ), red oak ( Quercus rubra), and white oak ( Quercus alba). We obtained samples of the insect communities from one subplot per day using insecticide fogging, for a total of six sampling days in early summer (18 June-6 July 1998) and late summer (21 August-5 September 1998). A total of 1459 beetles representing 272 morphospecies and > 40 families were captured. Two-way mixed ANOVA models identified significant interaction effects (plot X tree species) on mean beetle richness and abundance in the early summer, but only tree species effects were identified in late summer. Although spatial variation may be a key diversity determinant in the early season, attributes of tree species, such as constitutive defenses, may be more important in late summer. Species richness, which exhibited a marked decline from early summer (194 morphospecies) to late summer (119 morphospecies), was coupled with only a 10% similarity between beetle assemblages during these periods. Abundance and composition chang- es between samples suggest that species-specific patterns of emergence and voltinism may be instrumental in structuring arboreal beetle communities in temperate tree crowns. This study highlights the need for detailed studies on recolonization and spatial dependence of arboreal insect communities in temperate forest ecosystems.
Hepatoprotective Activity of Camellia sinensisand its Possible Mechanism of Action

The present study appraised the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Camellia sinensisleaves and its possible mechanism of action.Liver damage was induced byintraperitoneal administration ofcarbon tetrachloride/olive oil (50 % v/v, 0.5 ml/kg ) in male Wistar rats (150 -220g) once daily for 7 days and the extent of damage was studied by assessing biochemical pa rameters such as alanine amino tran sferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein and albumin in serum and concentrations of lipid peroxides (LPO), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver . The aqueous extract ofCamellia sinensis(100mg and 200 mg/Kg ) were administered orally to the animals with hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride and its effects on bi o