Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coupling the Permeability and Permittivity of Space to the Electron Orbital Time: Potential Phase Shift Between Entanglement Latency and the Universe’s Final Epoch

The strength of the magnetic field for different ratios of matter densities relative to the permittivity of a vacuum solves for values approaching the velocity of light. When the strength of the field associated with densities similar to liquid water, ice, or stars (such as the Sun) is considered with respect to the magnetic permeability and average mass density of the universe, the emergent velocity is ~1023 m•s-1. This value has been derived from several approaches as the latency for excess correlation or “entanglement” and is consistent with a process that might explain the integrity of large-scale spatial structure over distances that are within fractions of the universe’s present diameter. The estimated latency to traverse this diameter with this velocity relative to the total duration of the universe (the final epoch) when considered as an Aharanov-Bohm type phase shift, results in an energy quantum that is convergent with Planck’s constant. One interpretation is that the duration of a single electron’s orbit is the phase shift between duration (latency) to traverse the universe and its total duration (final epoch). If this approach is valid then non-local effects and related excess correlations (Schrodinger’s “entanglement”) between photon emissions and specific dynamics of densities similar to liquid water may be a property of these conditions immersed within an average universal mass density of about one proton per cubic meter. It may also accommodate the challenges of understanding the apparent homogeneity across large scale space.
Topic Modeling and Classification of Cyberspace Papers Using Text Mining

The global cyberspace networks provide individuals with platforms to can interact, exchange ideas, share information, provide social support, conduct business, create artistic media, play games, engage in political discussions, and many more. The term cyberspace has become a conventional means to describe anything associated with the Internet and the diverse Internet culture. In fact, cyberspace is an umbrella term that covers all issues occurring through the interaction of information systems and humans over these networks. Deep evaluation of the scientific articles on the cyberspace domain provides concentrated knowledge and insights about major trends of the field. Text mining tools and techniques enable the practitioners and scholars to discover significant trends in a large set of internationally validated papers. This study utilizes text mining algorithms to extract, validate, and analyze 1860 scientific articles on the cyberspace domain and provides insight over the future scientific directions or cyberspace studies.
A Steep Battle between Flexible Knowledge and For-The-Test Mentality

Literature and empirical studies abound, pointing to the potential benefits of teaching and learning flexible knowledge and strategy flexibility in mathematics education. Ironically, other studies on classroom practice frequently revealed little emphasis on flexible knowledge as a means to promote flexible connections with mathematical concepts for effective and efficient problem solving. This study administered seven multiplesolution tasks to thirty-two newly-enrolled A-Level student participants from twenty public secondary schools. The study aimed to assess the participants’ flexibility in producing conceptually-varied solutions to the same tasks and adaptivity in employing relatively more efficient strategies. The participants’ written solution strategies and group interview protocols served the main source of data for analysis. Findings generally pointed to the participants’ low levels of flexibility and adaptivity. The ensuing interview identified for-the-test culture in the participants’ past learning as the potential hindrance to the learning of flexible knowledge. While student performance is generally believed to be highly associated with learning experience, the findings have implied little emphasis on flexible knowledge in the participants’ secondary studies. Further implications are discussed.
Compact Hybrid Coaxial Architecture for 3 GHz-10 GHz UWB Quasi-Optical Power Combiners

Tray-type quasi-optical (QO) power combiners are able to combine the high- and medium-output power of QO systems with the well-known advantages of pulsed ultra-wideband (UWB) systems. In this work, an alternative low-proflle tray-type passive structure for 3GHz{10GHz power combining is proposed. The purpose of the proposed solution is to reduce the physical size with respect to other existing architectures by using hybrid coaxial lines. In spite of the reduced size, the structure maintains ultra-wideband operation and high combining e-ciency, as proved through measurements. Therefore, the proposed structure is suitable for integration with monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) ampliflers for medium- and high-power generation, depending on the type of MMICs which are integrated into the passive combiner. Numerical analyses of the designed power combiner integrated with some MMIC ampliflers reveal its beneflts in terms of increased output power and wider dynamic range compared to isolated MMICs.
Antifungal Activity of Dried Extracts of Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) and Star anise (Illicium verum Hook. f.) Against Dermatophyte and Saprophyte Fungi

Background: Medicinal plants synthesize a vast array of secondary metabolites that are important for human life. For medicinal purpose, antimicrobial activity of substances derived from plant extracts has been recognized for many years. Pimpinella anisum L. (Apiaceae) and Illicium verum Hook. f. (Illiciaceae) plant species, have been used for treatment of infectious diseases in Iranian traditional medicine. Objective: In this study methanol extracts of Pimpinella anisum L. (Apiaceae) and Illicium verum Hook. f. (Illiciaceae), were tested for their potential antifungal activities. Methods: Methanolic extracts were dried by freeze drying method, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was was determined according to agar dilution method and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) was determined by incorporating various concentrations of extracts (2-256 mg/ml) in Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) in tubes against 4 dermatophyte and one saprophyte fungi. Results: The extracts of anise seeds inhibited only dermatophyte species, while extracts of star anise fruits inhibited growth of all dermatophytes and saprophytes. MIC and MFC for each extracts were different and MFC was higher than MIC for all species. Conclusion: As a result of this experiment, these plants can be candidate for further studies due to their antifungal potencies.
A Cloud based Reinforcement Learning Framework for humanoid grasping

This work presents an innovative approach to a common task on robotics: grasping a set of objects. Autonomously grasping a previously unknown object still remains a challenging problem. This Thesis presents a new framework, inspired by the classical sense-model-act architecture and the knowledge processing of Cognitive Robotics. The framework tries to generalize the grasping task to
FORAGING AND DIET COMPOSITION OF THE BLACK-CAPPED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (PHILYDOR ATRICAPILLUS)

Resumo. – Forrageamento e composicao da dieta do Limpa-folha-coroado (Philydor atricapillus). – Vinte e nove amostras regurgitadas pelo especialista em folhas mortas Philydor atricapillus, apos a administracao do tartaro emetico, foram examinadas para determinar a dieta da especie. A maioria das aves tratadas regurgitou e somente dois individuos morreram. Amostras da fauna de invertebrados encontrada em aglomerados de folhas secas suspensos nos galhos foram obtidas para estimar a disponibilidade de presas para as aves. A dieta foi dominada por besouros e aranhas, mas considerando a disponibilidade de presas, a especie mostrou maior preferencia por ootecas e mariposas. Baratas e ortopteros foram ingeridos sem uma preferencia especial, embora sejam considerados como presas importantes na dieta destas aves especialistas em folhas mortas. Formigas foram bastante evitadas. Assim, P. atricapillus mostrou preferencia por algumas presas, evitando outras, em seu principal substrato de forrageamento.
Effect of Pedagogical Model on Indian and Malaysian Junior Hockey Players’ Decision Making and Skill Execution

Background: This paper reports comparison of two studies investigated across Malaysia and India using merged pedagogical model (combination Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) with Tactical Game model (TGM)) termed as Tactical Model (TM) was compared to a semi traditional model termed as Skill Drill Technical (SDT). Objective: The objectives of these two studies were to investigate the effect of these two pedagogical models across two countries using mini-games of 5 versus 5, examining: decision-making and skill execution game situations among junior hockey players in coaching context. Methodology: These two quasi experimental studies comprised of Indian and Malaysian junior elite hockey players age 14±3 years old whereby n =30 players in each country was randomly selected and assigned equally to an quasi experimental group (TM, n = 15), and to SDT group ( n =15) players. Result: Results for decision-making on whether to dribble, pass, tackle and score significant improvement using TM (6.93±6.58) compared to SDT (2.42±3.01), among Indian junior hockey players, F (2,28) =5.84, p 0.05 among Malaysian players. Conclusion: TM seems to be suitable pedagogical model, however further research should address other parameter of game play in particular the relationship between agility and decision making of hockey game play, and coaches perception, understanding and usage of TM across other Asian countries Keywords: Tactical model, Teaching Game for Understanding, Tactical Game Model, decision-making, skill execution
An unusually complete suite of eclogite types : Eclogite xenoliths from the Zero kimberlite , South Africa

This first investigation of eclogite xenoliths sampled by the Zero kimberlite show that the suite is exceptional concerning kimberlite age and diversity of eclogite types. The Zero kimberlite intruded as part of a sequence of nondiamond bearing kimberlites within the oldest kimberlite province on the Kaapvaal craton (1600 Ma; Northern Cape Province, South Africa) towards the western craton margin. Distinct eclogite parageneses, including bimineralic eclogites, usually rare orthopyroxene-bearing eclogites with and without sanidine in addition to one kyanite eclogite occur in the suite. Garnets exsolved from clinopyroxene host occur in all Zero eclogites, whereas in orthopyroxene bearing eclogites, orthopyroxene and, if present, sanidine are also exsolved from clinopyroxene. That most eclogites occur with quartz, rutile and rarely K-feldspar inclusions in garnets might be taken to imply a crustal precursor. However, this is in conflict with the analyzed oxygen isotopic composition of the eclogites, which yield δO values of 5.18–5.47, close to values for the uncontaminated Earth's mantle. Irrespective of the original source of the eclogite suite, a complex history within the mantle can already be inferred from the exsolved constituents of the sanidine eclogites. Thermobarometrical results indicate the last P/T condition prior to the kimberlite eruption was at 900-950 °C at 3.5 GPa. The previous stage was deduced from the reconstructed K2O-content of clinopyroxene host prior to the exsolution of sanidine. High K2O contents in clinopyroxene, which apparently resulted from the breakdown of dehydrating phlogopite are typical of high pressures and can be used as a crude barometer. The K2O content of 0.2 wt% calculated by phase map analysis requires pressure conditions of 6-8 GPa. Hence the eclogites were carried to 180-210 km depth prior to their exhumation.
Dropping Simulation Induced by BGA Position in Printed Circuit Board for Optical Module Application

To obtain higher reliability of printed circuit board (PCB), finite element analysis on dropping state was introduced to point out the influence factors of BGA solder joints. The parameters of simulation included drop angle and location of chip. The results indicated that PCB dropping at 180° had greater damage to solder joints than that at 0° drop since the former case could result in direct ground contact of PCB, thereby causing larger deformation. In addition, compared to chip located in side and corner of PCB, chip located in the center exhibited good reliability during dropping simulation both at 180° and 0°.
Effectiveness of Poverty Reduction in the EU: A Descriptive Analysis

The European Union coordinates and encourages Member State actions to combat poverty, and to reform their social protection systems on the basis of policy exchanges and mutual learning (‘best practices’). Some EU countries are more effective in poverty reduction than others. What can explain these variations in effectiveness‘ This paper analyses the effectiveness of welfare state policies and especially social transfers in EU-countries in alleviating poverty. To indicate whether European economic integration may have had any impact on poverty reduction, we also include several non-EU15 countries as a benchmark into our analysis. We analyze on a cross-country basis the relationship between poverty rates and social effort, as measured by social expenditure ratios. We also correct these expenditure ratios for the impact of the tax system and for private social arrangements, using OECD methodology. Next, we compare poverty rates at the levels of market and disposable incomes, that is before and after transfers, in order to analyze the effect of tax and transfer policies in reducing poverty, i.e. to determine the target efficiency of social transfers. We perform several tests with the most recent data (LIS, OECD SOCX, and Eurostat: ECHP/EU-SILC). Our results are less clear cut than earlier findings. We still find a quite strong negative relationship between the level of social expenditure and poverty among OECD countries. However, for EU-countries this relationship is weaker and there are substantial differences within the EU15. After correcting for the impact of taxes and for private social arrangements, the linkage between social effort and poverty levels becomes even weaker. Also, we do not find a strong relationship between levels of social spending and antipoverty effects of social transfers and taxes. At the program level, family programs and child support alleviate poverty to a large extent.
Quantum-mechanical calculations of solvation free energies. A combined ab initio pseudopotential free-energy perturbation approach

A practical ab initio quantum‐mechanical approach for calculations of free energies of molecules in solutions is developed. This approach treats the solute molecules by an explicit ab initio self‐consistent‐field approach while representing the solvent molecules by a pseudopotential. The solvation energies are evaluated by a free‐energy perturbation approach that uses the distribution function associated with a classical force field as a reference state for the quantum‐mechanical calculations. The performance of the method is examined by evaluating the solvation energy of an Li+ ion. It is found that the calculation times are not much longer than that of the corresponding classical free‐energy perturbation calculations.
Compositional Effects and Mechanical Parametric Analysis of Outwash Deposits Based on the Randomised Generation of Stone Blocks

Based on the distribution of the stone blocks in outwash deposits, the paper present a modeling method for the random structure of outwash deposits, in which the long axis of the stone blocks is supposed obeying a lognormal distribution. Then numerical experiments of biaxial compression using the granular discrete element method are used in the macro- and micro parametric analysis. The influences of strength of the cementation, the sizes of stone blocks, and the content of stone blocks on the peak compressive and shear strength are discussed. The micromechanical parameters of the outwash deposits are also analyzed. The proposed method offers a supplement to the mechanical characterization of outwash deposits and accounts for the limitation that indoor experiments cannot consider large stone blocks.
Comparison of models and impact of missing records on genetic evaluation of calving ease in a simulated beef cattle population

This study compared the application of a bivariate linear-linear (LL) and a linear-threshold (LT) sire-maternal grandsire model for genetic evaluation of calving ease (CE), using birth weight (BW) as a correlated trait, and assessed the impact of missing records on genetic evaluation of CE in a simulated multi-breed beef population that mimicked phenotypic and genetic parameters of beef cattle in Ontario. Models included fixed age-of-dam by sex-of-calf, management group, breed and heterosis effects, and random direct and maternal genetic, maternal permanent environment and residual effects. The LL model was applied to BW and CE Snell scores, and LT model was applied to BW and CE raw scores. CE evaluations were similar between the LL and LT models with no obvious advantage for either model. The two models performed similarly with respect to accuracy and rank correlation of predicted genetic effects and recovered true values of genetic parameters and fixed effects, except for CE maternal heterosis from LL m.
Carcass and non-carcass characteristics of sheep fed on cassava (Manihot pseudoglaziovii Pax & K. Hoffm.)

Sheep production systems installed in the semi-arid region of Brazil depend on the forage support the 'caatinga' biome. This study aimed at evaluating the substitution of hybrid 'Tifton 85' (Cynodon spp.) by cassava (Manihotpseudoglaziovii Pax & K. Hoffm.) hay or silage on the components of sheep's' body weight. Twenty-four animals, with no defined breed, were used for the study, with an initial body weight of 19.77 ± 1.95 kg and an average age of 6-mo, being divided into three treatments ('Tifton 85' hay, cassava silage, and cassava hay). The animals were slaughtered at 56 d and all the body parts of the animals were weighed. Data were subjected to ANOVA and mean comparison test (P = 0.05). Means were superior (P 0.05) for body weight at slaughter and cold carcass weight, which had means of 28.10 and 12.38 kg, respectively. The hot carcass and leg yields showed values of 58% and 34%, respectively, and were not influenced (P > 0.05) by different forages. The constituents that were not components of the carcass, organs, offal, and by-products were not affected by the replacement of 'Tifton 85' hay by cassava hay or silage. Cassava hay or silage can replace 'Tifton 85' hay for feeding sheep in complete diets without compromising their body components' yields and weights.
Formation of Inflation Expectations in Turbulent Times: Can ECB Manage Inflation Expectations of Professional Forecasters?

This paper studies the formation of inflation expectations in the euro area. We first analyse the forecast accuracy of ECB inflation projections relative to private sector forecasts. Then, using the ECB Survey of Professional Forecasters (ECB SPF), we estimate a general model integrating two theoretical concepts: the hybrid model of expectations, including rational and static expectations, and the sticky-information (epidemiological) model. When modelling inflation expectations we consider – except for backward-looking factors – the rational expectations assumption and the effects of ECB communication. More specifically, we examine whether ECB inflation projections are still important in expectations’ formation once the impact of forward-lookingness of economic agents has been taken into account. We also derive implicit (perceived) inflation targets and assess their consistency with the official ECB inflation target. Our analysis indicates that the recent turbulent times have contributed to changes in expectations’ formation in the euro area, as the importance of backward-looking mechanisms has decreased, while the importance of the perceived inflation target has increased. We also find that the perceived inflation target has remained broadly consistent with the official ECB inflation target in the medium-term. However, the downward trend of the perceived target suggests some risks of de-anchoring of inflation expectations. The importance of ECB inflation projections for medium-term private sector inflation expectations has increased over time, but the magnitude of this effect is rather small. However, SPF inflation forecasts remain consistent with ECB communication, being either close to ECB projections or between ECB projections and the inflation target.
P o S ( R F I 2 0 1 0 ) 0 3 2 Spatial filtering using a multibeam receiver

Spatial filtering has traditionally been the province of antenna arrays, where both the Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) and celestial signals appear at all receivers. In the implementation described here, spatial filtering techniques are applied to data taken with the 20 cm multibeam receiver on the Parkes 64 m dish. Here, each of the feeds has independent celestial signal and system noise, but common RFI. The signal processing requirements of the technique are outside the capacity of the standard spectrometer for the multibeam receiver at the observatory. As a result, a customised baseband recoding system was used to record the raw voltage data to disk, which were then processed offline in software. The results demonstrate that spatial filtering methods provide powerful tools for interference mitigation with an array feed receiver.
Effects of Crack on Vibration Characteristics of Mistuned Rotated Blades

Rotated blades are key mechanical components in turbine and high cycle fatigues often induce blade cracks. Meanwhile, mistuning is inevitable in rotated blades, which often makes it much difficult to detect cracks. In order to solve this problem, it is important and necessary to study effects of crack on vibration characteristics of mistuned rotated blades (MRBs). Firstly, a lumped-parameter model is established based on coupled multiple blades, where mistuned stiffness with normal distribution is introduced. Next, a breathing crack model is adopted and eigenvalue analysis is used in coupled lumped-parameter model. Then, numerical analysis is done and effects of depths and positions of a crack on natural frequency, vibration amplitude, and vibration localization parameters are studied. The results show that a crack causes natural frequency decease and vibration amplitude increase of cracked blade. Bifurcations will occur due to a breathing crack. Furthermore, based on natural frequencies and vibration amplitudes, variational factors are defined to detect a crack in MRBs, which are validated by numerical simulations. Thus, the proposed method provides theoretical guidance for crack detection in MRBs.
Mapping spatial variability of soil physical properties for site-specific management

Description of the spatial patterns of soil properties at the field or watershed scale is very important for site-specific soil and crop management, and environmental modelling. The study was conducted to determine the spatial distribution patterns of soil physical properties in an agricultural field in the surface (0-20 cm) and subsurface (20- 40 cm) layers. Descriptive statistics and geostatistics were used to describe the amount and form of variability and spatial distribution patterns of the soil physical properties in the field using GraphPad Prism version 6.0 and GS+ 9.0, respectively. The descriptive statistics revealed that the soil properties exhibited weak to higher variations in both layers cross the field, with aggregate stability being the most reliable soil physical property in the field. The spatial distribution model, spatial dependence levels and spatial distribution maps showed remarkable variations in both layers across the field. The significance of semivariogram modelling for the subsequent interpolation was proven to be an effective tool for delineation of management zones for site-specific soil management.