Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chaotic vibration analysis of auxetic nanocomposite structures

The present work deals with the study of nonlinear vibration behaviours of the carbon nanotube reinforced composite structures having negative Poisson’s ratio (CNTRC-NPR). Such types of flexible auxetic structures have many applications in various engineering fields. Based on classical laminated theory, auxetic structures can be designed by some special stacking sequence of layers in the laminated composites. A mathematical model is formulated for nonlinear vibration analysis of the clamped-clamped CNTRC-NPR beam under the time varying uniformly distributed transverse load. The present formulation is based on the Reddy’s third-order shear deformation theory and the governing equation of motion of such beam is derived by using the Hamilton’s principle. Based on the Galerkin’s method, the obtained governing partial differential equations are converted to an ordinary nonlinear second-order differential equation for the analysis of out plane vibration. The obtained vibrations of such auxetic structures are discussed using time series waveforms, phase portraits and Poincare maps, and the route of chaotic vibration of such structures is found and reported based on the bifurcation diagrams. The jump phenomena associated with the dynamics have also been characterized. Nonlinear vibrations of without and with auxetic nanocomposite structures have also been compared. It is found that the amplitude of transverse force of excitation is the controlling parameter of nonlinear dynamics of such CNTRC-NPR structures.
Effects of Multiscale Mechanical Pulverization on the Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Black Tea

Black tea leaves were pulverized at an organ-scale (~mm), tissue-scale (500–100 μm) and cell-scale (<50–10 μm) to investigate their physicochemical and functional properties. The results showed that cell-scale powders exhibited a bright brown color compared with organ- or tissue-scale powders with the highest total color difference (∆E) of 39.63 and an L value of 55.78. There was no obvious difference in the oil-holding capacity (OHC) of the organ- and tissue-scale powders (3.71–3.74 g/g), while the OHC increased significantly to 4.08 g/g in cell-scale powders. The soluble dietary fiber (SDF) content of cell-scale powders increased remarkably to 10.41%, indicating a potential application as a high-SDF food. Further, cell-scale pulverization of black tea enhanced its DPPH scavenging activity and ferric-ion-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). However, the polyphenol content (13.18–13.88%) and the protein content (27.63–28.09%), as well as the Pb2+ adsorption capacity (1.97–1.99 mg/g) were not affected by multiscale pulverizations. The mean particle size (D50) correlated linearly with tap density (TD), color parameters of L and b, SDF content, DPPH scavenging activity and FRAP. The results indicate that black tea powders pulverized at a cell-scale can be used as a soluble fiber-rich functional food additive with a bright color, enhanced OHC and antioxidant capacity.
Iron-Based Hollow Nanoplatforms for Cancer Imaging and Theranostics

Over the past decade, iron (Fe)-based hollow nanoplatforms (Fe-HNPs) have attracted increasing attention for cancer theranostics, due to their high safety and superior diagnostic/therapeutic features. Specifically, Fe-involved components can serve as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs) and Fenton-like/photothermal/magnetic hyperthermia (MTH) therapy agents, while the cavities are able to load various small molecules (e.g., fluorescent dyes, chemotherapeutic drugs, photosensitizers, etc.) to allow multifunctional all-in-one theranostics. In this review, the recent advances of Fe-HNPs for cancer imaging and treatment are summarized. Firstly, the use of Fe-HNPs in single T1-weighted MRI and T2-weighted MRI, T1-/T2-weighted dual-modal MRI as well as other dual-modal imaging modalities are presented. Secondly, diverse Fe-HNPs, including hollow iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles (NPs), hollow matrix-supported IO NPs, hollow Fe-complex NPs and hollow Prussian blue (PB) NPs are described for MRI-guided therapies. Lastly, the potential clinical obstacles and implications for future research of these hollow Fe-based nanotheranostics are discussed.
Discourse in Small Groups in an Algebra 1 Class.

The purpose of this study was to examine the discourse in two different group-work contexts in a diverse Algebra 1 class to better understand what and how students working in small groups learn through talking about mathematics. The researcher gathered data in four categories: participant observation, interviews, collection of artifacts, and reflections. Results show that the cooperative groups discussed the theme in the problems, but they took longer to get the problems done due to checking and double checking and then checking with the teacher. All of the checking meant doing more mathematical talk with each group member repeating the solution him or herself. (ASK) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Discourse in Small Groups in an Algebra 1 Class
A Study on the Association between Korotkoff Sound Signaling and Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) Based on Computer-Assisted Diagnoses

Background Korotkoff sound (KS) is an important indicator of hypertension when monitoring blood pressure. However, its utility in noninvasive diagnosis of Chronic heart failure (CHF) has rarely been studied. Purpose In this study, we proposed a method for signal denoising, segmentation, and feature extraction for KS, and a Bayesian optimization-based support vector machine algorithm for KS classification. Methods The acquired KS signal was resampled and denoised to extract 19 energy features, 12 statistical features, 2 entropy features, and 13 Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient (MFCCs) features. A controlled trial based on the VALSAVA maneuver was carried out to investigate the relationship between cardiac function and KS. To classify these feature sets, the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), decision tree (DT), Naive Bayes (NB), ensemble (EM) classifiers, and the proposed BO-SVM were employed and evaluated using the accuracy (Acc), sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), Precision (Ps), and F1 score (F1). Results The ALSAVA maneuver indicated that the KS signal could play an important role in the diagnosis of CHF. Through comparative experiments, it was shown that the best performance of the classifier was obtained by BO-SVM, with Acc (85.0%), Se (85.3%), and Sp (84.6%). Conclusions In this study, a method for noise reduction, segmentation, and classification of KS was established. In the measured data set, our method performed well in terms of classification accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. In light of this, we believed that the methods described in this paper can be applied to the early, noninvasive detection of heart disease as well as a supplementary monitoring technique for the prognosis of patients with CHF.
Pulsar wind tori and the spin-kick connection

Neutron stars in general have space velocities much higher than their progenitors. This is believed to be the result of momentum kicks imparted during core collapse. However, the nature of the kick remains an open question. Abetted by recent progress in measuring pulsar proper motions and spin orientations, it has become possible to make improved comparison between the pulsar’s linear and angular momentum vectors; this places constrains on the kick physics and hence probes the core collapse dynamics. To investigate the spin-kick connection, we improved the Crab pulsar’s proper motion measurement using HST astrometry with over 6 years of observations. The updated result indicates the pulsar velocity is off the spin axis by 26◦ ± 3◦. For the spin vector measurements, recent Chandra observations reveal toroidal termination shocks and polar jets in many young pulsar wind nebulae, with the symmetry axes indicating the pulsar spin axes. We developed a procedure for fitting simple Doppler boosted 3-D torus models to the X-ray data. This provides robust and nearly model independent measurements of pulsar spin orientations. All the results suggest correlation between pulsar motions and spin directions. We assemble this evidence for young isolated pulsars and test several scenarios for a birth kick driven by accretion and cooling of the proto-neutron star, where the momentum thrust is proportional to the neutrino cooling luminosity. The simulations include the effects of pulsar acceleration and spin-up. The fit to the pulsar spin and velocity samples suggests a ∼10% anisotropy in the neutrino flux is required, with a finite pre-kick spin of 10− 20 rad s−1, a kick timescale of 1− 3 s and kick-induced spin.
A Conceptual Framework to Integrate Biodiversity, Ecosystem Function, and Ecosystem Service Models

Abstract Global biodiversity and ecosystem service models typically operate independently. Ecosystem service projections may therefore be overly optimistic because they do not always account for the role of biodiversity in maintaining ecological functions. We review models used in recent global model intercomparison projects and develop a novel model integration framework to more fully account for the role of biodiversity in ecosystem function, a key gap for linking biodiversity changes to ecosystem services. We propose two integration pathways. The first uses empirical data on biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships to bridge biodiversity and ecosystem function models and could currently be implemented globally for systems and taxa with sufficient data. We also propose a trait-based approach involving greater incorporation of biodiversity into ecosystem function models. Pursuing both approaches will provide greater insight into biodiversity and ecosystem services projections. Integrating biodiversity, ecosystem function, and ecosystem service modeling will enhance policy development to meet global sustainability goals.
Advances in the Non-Operative Management of Multidirectional Instability of the Glenohumeral Joint

Multidirectional instability (MDI) of the glenohumeral joint refers to symptomatic subluxations or dislocations in more than one direction. The aetiology of MDI is multifactorial, which makes the classification of this condition challenging. A shoulder rehabilitation program is the initial recommended treatment for MDI, however available rehabilitation programs have varying levels of evidence to support their effectiveness. In 2016, we published the details of an evidence-based program for MDI that has been evaluated for efficacy in two single-group studies and a randomised controlled trial. In 2017, we published a clinical commentary on the aetiology, classification, and treatment of this condition. The aim of this paper is to provide an update on the components of these publications with a particular focus on new advances in the non-operative management of this condition.
Investigation of a Balanced Healthy Diet for Human Consumption of Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus species from Lake Manzalah (Egypt), and Target Cancer/ Hazard Quotient (Non-Cancer) Risk Metrics

The task of this study was to calculate a maximum daily and weekly balanced healthy diet MDI-MWI for human consumption of Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus fish species from Lake Manzalah (Egypt), as well as determine the target cancer/hazard quotient (non–cancer), and risk assessments on human health through physiological and biochemical examinations. the Results showed that the children should not eat more than 13.39g a day or 93.75 g a week of C. gariepinus muscles, and 15.09g a day or 105.63g a week of O. niloticus muscles. The suggested daily intake for youth should be 34.01g or 238.09g a week of C. gariepinus muscles, and 40.24g for daily intake or 281.69g for weekly intake of O. niloticus muscles. Hence, adults are recommended to avoid consuming more than 59.52g a day of C. gariepinus muscle or 416.66g a week and 62.02g a day of O. niloticus muscles or 434.14g a week. This investigation also showed that C. gariepinus had the maximum protein and moisture contents; whereas, the maximum fat, ash, and carbohydrate contents were found in O. niloticus . In this research, the investigated liver antioxidants GPx activity and GSH level represented significant ( P < 0.05) average values between both fish species. Moreover, this investigation showed that the C. gariepinus had much greater levels of Pb, As, Al, and Hg than O. niloticus , and the accumulation of elements in both species was in the following order: Pb>As>Al >Hg. Among elements, Pb and Al concentrations in the two fish species recorded analysis of variance revealed a significant difference ( P <0.05). In addition, Pb and As concentrations in the two fish species were above the National Egyptian Organization for Standardization and Quality Control EOSQC and international standards FAO, WHO and Commission Regulation EC. Furthermore, this study investigated the estimated daily intake EDI, as well as the estimated weekly intake EWI of Pb > As >Al >Hg ingested by children>youth>adults rely on O. niloticus and C. gariepinus muscles. C. gariepinus in children had the greatest level of target cancer risk TCR (1.01×10 -2 a day or 7.07×10 -2 a week); whereas, O. niloticus in children showed the lowest level of TCR (6.80×10 -6 a day or 4.76×10 -5 a week). Remarkably, the consumers are exposed to health risks if they highly consume the fish species under study from Lake Manzalah, according to the health-risk assessment indicators.
Double affine Hecke algebras and generalized Jones polynomials

In this paper we propose and discuss implications of a general conjecture that there is a natural action of a rank 1 double affine Hecke algebra on the Kauffman bracket skein module of the complement of a knot $K\subset S^{3}$ . We prove this in a number of nontrivial cases, including all $(2,2p+1)$ torus knots, the figure eight knot, and all 2-bridge knots (when $q=\pm 1$ ). As the main application of the conjecture, we construct three-variable polynomial knot invariants that specialize to the classical colored Jones polynomials introduced by Reshetikhin and Turaev. We also deduce some new properties of the classical Jones polynomials and prove that these hold for all knots (independently of the conjecture). We furthermore conjecture that the skein module of the unknot is a submodule of the skein module of an arbitrary knot. We confirm this for the same example knots, and we show that this implies that the colored Jones polynomials of $K$ satisfy an inhomogeneous recursion relation.
Experiences of Romantic Attraction Are Similar Across Dating Apps and Offline Dates in Young Adults

This study compared dating experiences through smartphone apps (e.g., Tinder) with offline-initiated dating. Previous research suggests that people feel greater apprehensiveness toward internet dating relative to traditional dating methods. Using an experience-sampling design (N = 793) over one month, we examined attraction, perceptions of dating partners (sexiness, warmth), and behaviors (sexual intercourse, alcohol) across dating modalities, and alongside trait sociosexuality, destiny/growth beliefs, romanticism, and gender. Results showed that participants reported experiences were similar for offline and app-initiated dates, except for those high in destiny/growth or romantic beliefs, who tended to feel less attraction to dating partners. Despite this similarity, participants viewed dating apps negatively. We also found little support for ideal partner preferences correlating with attraction or dating outcomes. We suggest that initial beliefs about dating may bias people away from dating app experiences, and personality traits such as romantic beliefs may dictate outcomes much more than the method of meeting.
Unbalanced Expression of Glutathione Peroxidase 4 and Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase Affects Acrosome Reaction and In Vitro Fertilization

Glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) and arachidonic acid 15 lipoxygenase (Alox15) are counterplayers in oxidative lipid metabolism and both enzymes have been implicated in spermatogenesis. However, the roles of the two proteins in acrosomal exocytosis have not been explored in detail. Here we characterized Gpx4 distribution in mouse sperm and detected the enzyme not only in the midpiece of the resting sperm but also at the anterior region of the head, where the acrosome is localized. During sperm capacitation, Gpx4 translocated to the post-acrosomal compartment. Sperm from Gpx4+/Sec46Ala mice heterozygously expressing a catalytically silent enzyme displayed an increased expression of phosphotyrosyl proteins, impaired acrosomal exocytosis after in vitro capacitation and were not suitable for in vitro fertilization. Alox15-deficient sperm showed normal acrosome reactions but when crossed into a Gpx4-deficient background spontaneous acrosomal exocytosis was observed during capacitation and these cells were even less suitable for in vitro fertilization. Taken together, our data indicate that heterozygous expression of a catalytically silent Gpx4 variant impairs acrosomal exocytosis and in vitro fertilization. Alox15 deficiency hardly impacted the acrosome reaction but when crossed into the Gpx4-deficient background spontaneous acrosomal exocytosis was induced. The detailed molecular mechanisms for the observed effects may be related to the compromised redox homeostasis.
Simulation of Figures of Merit for Barristor Based on Graphene/Insulator Junction

We investigated the tunneling of graphene/insulator/metal heterojunctions by revising the Tsu–Esaki model of Fowler–Nordheim tunneling and direct tunneling current. Notably, the revised equations for both tunneling currents are proportional to V3, which originates from the linear dispersion of graphene. We developed a simulation tool by adopting revised tunneling equations using MATLAB. Thereafter, we optimized the device performance of the field-emission barristor by engineering the barrier height and thickness to improve the delay time, cut-off frequency, and power-delay product.
Rumi: An Intelligent Agent Enhancing Learning Management Systems Using Machine Learning Techniques

The dramatic improvement of information and communication technology (ICT) has made an evolution in learning management systems (LMS). The rapid growth in LMSs has caused users to demand more advanced, automated, and intelligent services. This paper discusses how Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning techniques are adopted to fulfill users’ needs in a social learning management system named “CourseNetworking”. The paper explains how machine learning contributed to developing an intelligent agent called “Rumi” as a personal assistant in CourseNetworking platform to add personalization, gamification, and more dynamics to the system. This paper aims to introduce machine learning to traditional learning platforms and guide the developers working in LMS field to benefit from advanced technologies in learning platforms by offering customized services.
High Dimensional Model Selection and Validation: A Comparison Study

Model selection is a challenging issue in high dimensional statistical analysis, and many approaches have been proposed in recent years. In this thesis, we compare the performance of three penalized logistic regression approaches (Ridge, Lasso, and Elastic Net) and three information criteria (AIC, BIC, and EBIC) on binary response variable in high dimensional situation through extensive simulation study. The models are built and selected on the training datasets, and their performance are evaluated through AUC on the validation datasets. We also display the comparison results on two real datasets (Arcene Data and University Retention Data). The performance differences among those approaches are discussed at the end.
Three-mode principal component analysis illustrated with an example from attachment theory

The three-mode principal component model—here referred to as the Tucker3 model—was first formulated within the context of the behavioral sciences by Ledyard Tucker (1963). In subsequent articles, Tucker extended the mathematical description and its programming aspects (1964, 1966). In the context of multidimensional scaling, references to his model occur frequently (Carroll and Chang 1972; Takane, Young, and de Leeuw 1977; Jennrich 1972), as the Tucker3 is the general model comprising many other individual differences models. A discussion of the relation between multidimensional scaling and three-mode principal component analysis can be found in Tucker (1972), Carroll and Wish (1974), Takane, Young, and de Leeuw (1977), and Carroll and Arabie (1980). Other approaches to three-mode analysis include threemode common factor analysis within the context of linear structural equation models (Bloxom 1968; Bentler and Lee 1978, 1979; Law and Snyder 1981). Sands and Young (1980) presented a restricted form of three-mode principal component analysis in the spirit of Harshman's PARAFAC2 model (1972), but they included an optimal scaling phase in their algorithm to accommodate data with lower measurement levels, missing data, and different data conditionalities (see also Young 1981). In this chapter, we first present the three-mode principal component model. on a conceptual level by providing various informal ways of looking at it. Secondly, we provide an outline of some technical aspects connected with analyzing this type of model. Finally, an example treating data from attachment theory
Impact of Feeding Probiotics on Blood Parameters, Tail Fat Metabolites, and Volatile Flavor Components of Sunit Sheep

Sheep crude tail fat has unique nutritional values and is used as a raw material for high-quality natural oil. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotics on the metabolites and flavor of sheep crude tail fat. In this study, 12 Sunit sheep were randomly divided into an experimental group (LTF, basal feed + Lactiplantibacillus plantarum powder) and a control group (CTF, basal feed). The results of sheep crude tail fat analysis showed that blood lipid parameters were significantly lower and the expression of fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase genes higher in the LTF group than in the CTF group (p < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis via liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry showed that the contents of metabolites such as eicosapentaenoic acid, 16-hydroxypalmitic acid, and L-citrulline were higher in the LTF group (p < 0.01). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry detection of volatile flavor compounds in the tail fat showed that nonanal, decanal, and 1-hexanol were more abundant in the LTF group (p < 0.05). Therefore, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum feeding affected blood lipid parameters, expression of lipid metabolism-related genes, tail fat metabolites, and volatile flavor compounds in Sunit sheep. In this study, probiotics feeding was demonstrated to support high-value sheep crude tail fat production.