Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The antioxidants N-acetyl-L-cystein and manganese(III)tetrakis (4-benzoic acid)porphyrin prevent in rat cultured

We previously showed that the stimulation of heme-oxygenase 1 expression by high glucose and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) in cultured rat islets is prevented by antioxidants and suggested that this effect of high glucose results from an oxidative stress. However, the role of oxidative stress in high glucose-induced β -cell dysfunction is unclear. We therefore compared the preventative effects of N-acetyl-L-cystein (NAC), a free radical scavenger, and manganese(III)tetrakis (4-benzoic acid)porphyrin (MnTBAP), a superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic agent, on the alteration of stimulus-secretion coupling induced in rat islets by overnight exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 -treated islets) or one-week culture in 30 vs 10 mmol/l glucose (High-glucose vs Control islets). The features of β -cell dysfunction differed between the two groups : reduced glucose-induced insulin secretion without changes in glucose sensitivity in H 2 O 2 -treated islets ; increased sensitivity to glucose with parallel reductions in insulin content and maximal rate of glucose-induced insulin secretion in High-glucose islets. The latter alterations were accompanied by a decrease in preproinsulin without changes in PDX1 mRNA levels. The functional alterations induced by H 2 O 2 were significantly prevented by addition of NAC or MnTBAP in the culture medium. In contrast, neither NAC nor MnTBAP affected the functional alterations induced by high glucose. These results suggest that β -cell dysfunction induced by 1 week culture in high glucose does not result from an increase in oxidative stress. Data Analysis. The results are means ± S.E. M. for the indicated number of islets from at least 3 different preparations, unless otherwise specified. The statistical significance of differences between means was assessed by one-way ANOVA followed by a test of Newman-Keuls or by two-way ANOVA followed by a test of Bonferroni, as specified. Differences were considered significant if P ≤ 0.05. instead of G10. These results clearly demonstrate that the various alterations of the β -cell phenotype induced by supraphysiological glucose concentrations may result from several mechanisms with different sensitivity to antioxidants.
Q uantifying excess heavy metal concentrations in drainage basins using conservative mixing modelling

High concentrations of heavy metals and other pollutants in river sediments can have detrimental e ff ects on the health of ecosystems and humans. As such, determining the composition of river sediments throughout drainage basins is an essential aspect of environmental monitoring. Well characterised natural baseline concentrations are important information with which observations can be compared to identify potentially harmful pollutants. In this study, forward and inverse mixing models are used to map natural baselines and elemental concentrations in river sediments in the upper reaches of the Clyde drainage basin, UK. Continuous baselines are generated using forward mixing models parameterised with 1185 measurements of elemental concentrations from first-order streams. Calculated baselines are compared to concentrations measured at 60 localities along the main channel of the Clyde river. For a range of major and trace elements (e.g. Mg, Sr, K), the downstream observations are in close agreement with the baseline concentrations predicted from conservative mixing. However, some heavy metal concentrations (Pb, Cu, Zn) tend to exceed the predicted baseline concentrations. Assuming conservative mixing, the excess elemental masses required to match these observations are calculated by inverting (‘unmixing’), the concentrations of downstream samples. We tentatively suggest that anthropogenic activity inserts 9.7 Mg / yr of Pb, 1.5 Mg / yr of Cu and 5.7 Mg / yr of Zn into the sediments of the river Clyde. Finally, a strategy for mapping toxic elemental concentrations along rivers and limitations on model resolution imposed by the spatial distribution of the data are discussed.
SCIENTIA MEDICA Statistics for N = 1: A Non-Parametric Bayesian Approach

: Research in education is often associated with comparing group averages and linear relations in sufficiently large samples and evidence-based practice is about using the outcomes of that research in the practice of education. However, there are questions that are important for the practice of education that cannot really be addressed by comparisons of group averages and linear relations, no matter how large the samples. Besides, different types of cons - traints including logistic, financial, and ethical ones may make larger-sample research unfeasible or at least questionable. What has remained less known in many fields is that there are study designs and statistical methods for research involving small samples or even individuals that allow us to address questions of importance for the practice of education. This article discusses one type of such situations and provides a simple coherent statistical approach that provides point and interval estimates of differences of interest regardless of the type of the outcome variable and that is of use in other types of studies involving large samples, small samples, and single individuals.
A Comparison Of Running Economy Across Seven Carbon-Plated Racing Shoes

Running economy is defined as the oxygen consumption (VO 2 ) or energy cost required to run at a given speed. It is a key determinant of performance, as improved economy allows a runner to run faster at the same physiological intensity. Advancements in running shoe technology, particularly in the Nike Vaporfly, have been shown to improve running economy. Other brands have now also developed new, advanced shoes with a carbon-fiber plate and thicker, new midsole foams. However, none of these new shoes have been compared to the Vaporfly. PURPOSE: Compare the effects of 7 different carbon-plated shoes and 1 traditional racing shoe on running economy. METHODS: Seven carbon-plated shoes: Hoka Rocket X (Hoka RX), Saucony Endorphin Pro (Saucony EP), Nike Alphafly (Nike AF), Asics Metaspeed Sky (Asics MS), Nike Vaporfly 2 (Nike VF2), New Balance RC Elite (New Bal RC), Brooks Hyperion Elite 2 (Brooks HE2), and 1 traditional shoe: Asics Hyperspeed (Asics HS) were tested in 12 male runners (5k best: 16.0 ± 0.7 min) on two visits. Shoes were tested in a random sequence over 8 x 5-minute trials (16 km ‧ hr -1 ; 5-minute rest between trials) on visit 1, and in the reverse/mirrored order for visit 2. Metabolic and running mechanics data were collected and averaged across visits. A repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare dependent variables across shoe conditions along with follow-up pairwise comparisons. RESULTS: VO 2 (ml ‧ kg -1 ‧ min -1 ; % change from Asics HS) was significantly different across shoes. Hoka RX (51.67 ± 2.07; -0.08 ± 1.04%) and
University of Birmingham Lower tick sizes and futures pricing efficiency

We provide robust evidence of the impact on spot market liquidity and the pricing efficiency of FBM-FKLI index futures following the introduction of lower tick sizes for the stocks listed in the Bursa Malaysia. Our findings show a significant increase in unexpected trading volume and the speed of mean reversion of the futures mispricing. We find that the increase in the unexpected trading volume of the underlying stocks helps in reducing inter-market price discrepancies. The findings offer new evidence that lowering of tick sizes improves pricing efficiency in the Malaysian futures market.
IMNTPU at the NTCIR-16 FinNum-3 Task: Data Augmentation for Financial Numclaim Classification

This paper provides a detailed description of IMNTPU team at the NTCIR-16 FinNum-3 shared task in formal financial documents. We proposed the use of the XLM-RoBERTa-based model with two different approaches on data augmentation to perform the binary classification task in FinNum-3. The first run (i.e., IMNTPU-1) is our baseline through the fine-tuning of the XLM-RoBERTa without data augmentation. However, we assume that presenting different data augmentations may improve the task performance because of the imbalance in the dataset. Accordingly, we presented double redaction and translation method on data augmentation in the second (IMNTPU-2) and third (IMNTPU-3) runs, respectively. The best macro-F1 scores obtained by our team in the Chinese and English datasets are 93.18% and 89.86%, respectively. The major contribution in this study provide a new understanding toward data augmentation approach for the imbalanced dataset, which may help reduce the imbalanced situation in the Chinese and English datasets.
Model of Multiple Sclerosis Drive Neuroinflammation in an Animal B Cell Antigen Presentation Is Sufficient To

B cells are increasingly regarded as integral to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, in part as a result of the success of B cell– depletion therapy. Multiple B cell–dependent mechanisms contributing to inﬂammatory demyelination of the CNS have been explored using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a CD4 T cell–dependent animal model for multiple sclerosis. Although B cell Ag presentation was suggested to regulate CNS inﬂammation during EAE, direct evidence that B cells can independently support Ag-speciﬁc autoimmune responses by CD4 T cells in EAE is lacking. Using a newly developed murine model of in vivo conditional expression of MHC class II, we reported previously that encephalitogenic CD4 T cells are incapable of inducing EAE when B cells are the sole APC. In this study, we ﬁnd that B cells cooperate with dendritic cells to enhance EAE severity resulting from myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) immunization. Further, increasing the precursor frequency of MOG-speciﬁc B cells, but not the addition of soluble MOG-speciﬁc Ab, is sufﬁcient to drive EAE in mice expressing MHCII by B cells alone. These data support a model in which expansion of Ag-speciﬁc B cells during CNS autoimmunity ampliﬁes cognate interactions between B and CD4 T cells and have the capacity to independently drive neuroinﬂammation at later stages of disease. The Journal of Immunology , 2015, 194: 000–000.
Preliminary study of mechanical behavior for Cr coated Zr-4 Fuel Cladding

Fuels with enhanced accident tolerance are those that, in comparison with the standard UO2-zirconium alloy system, can tolerate loss of active cooling in the reactor core during design-basis and beyond design-basis events for a considerably longer time period (depending on the LWR system and accident scenario) while maintaining or enhancing fuel performance during normal operations and operational transients. To decrease the oxidation rate of Zr-based alloy components, many concepts of accident tolerant fuel (ATF) such as Mo-Zr cladding, SiC/SiCf cladding and iron-based alloy cladding are under development. One of the promised concept is the coated cladding which can remarkably increase the corrosion and wear resistance. Recently, KAERI is developing the Cr coated Zircaloy cladding as accident tolerance cladding [1, 2]. To coat the Cr powder on the Zircaloy, 3D laser coating technology has been employed because it is possible to make a coated layer on the tubular cladding surface by controlling the 3-diminational axis. Therefore, for this work, the mechanical integrity of Cr coated Zircaloy should be evaluated to predict the safety of fuel cladding during the operating or accident of nuclear reactor. In this work, the mechanical behavior of the Cr coated Zircaloy cladding has been studied by using finite element analysis (FEA). The ring compression test (RCT) of fuel cladding was simulated to evaluate the validity of mechanical properties of Zr-4 and Cr, which were referred from the literatures and experimental reports [3-7]. The pellet-clad mechanical interaction (PCMI) behavior of the Cr coated Zr-4 cladding were investigated by thermo-mechanical FEA simulation.
Classification and Jet Power of Fermi Blazars

In this work, we compile a sample of 449 Fermi blazars with the luminosity of the broadline region, the black hole mass, the beam radio luminosity, and the jet power; obtain the beam power and the black hole spin; investigate the dividing line between BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs) and flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) to identify the discrepancies in their dominant mechanisms; and revisit the dependence of the jet power on the disk accretion luminosity, the black hole mass, and the black hole spin. We come to the following conclusions. (1) A boundary of log (L BLR/L Edd) = −3.14, separating the BL Lacs and the FSRQs, is obtained from the Bayesian analysis, which is consistent with the results from the literature. We employ the boundary to divide the blazar candidates of uncertain types into candidates for BL Lacs or FSRQs, and we find five changing-look blazars at the same time. (2) A strong correlation is found between black hole mass and intrinsic γ-ray luminosity, but a weaker correlation is found between black hole mass and observed γ-ray luminosity. The latter is weakened by jet effects: it is apparently weak for BL Lacs that have disordered amplification of the Doppler factor, since their mechanism is dominated by jets, while it is moderate for FSRQs, since their mechanism is dominated by accretion processes. (3) The jets of both FSRQs and BL Lacs are likely governed by the Blandford–Znajek mechanism.
Meteorological and geographical factors associated with dry lightning in central and northern California

Lightning occurring with less than 2.5 mm of rainfall—typically referred to as ‘dry lightning’—is a major source of wildfire ignition in central and northern California. Despite being rare, dry lightning outbreaks have resulted in destructive fires in this region due to the intersection of dense, dry vegetation and a large population living adjacent to fire-prone lands. Since thunderstorms are much less common in this region relative to the interior West, the climatology and drivers of dry lightning have not been widely investigated in central and northern California. Using daily gridded lightning and precipitation observations (1987–2020) in combination with atmospheric reanalyses, we characterize the climatology of dry lightning and the associated meteorological conditions during the warm season (May–October) when wildfire risk is highest. Across the domain, nearly half (∼46%) of all cloud-to-ground lightning flashes occurred as dry lightning during the study period. We find that higher elevations (>2000 m) receive more dry lightning compared to lower elevations (<1000 m) with activity concentrated in July-August. Although local meteorological conditions show substantial spatial variation, we find regionwide enhancements in mid-tropospheric moisture and instability on dry lightning days relative to background climatology. Additionally, surface temperatures, lower-tropospheric dryness, and mid-tropospheric instability are increased across the region on dry versus wet lightning days. We also identify widespread dry lightning outbreaks in the historical record, quantify their seasonality and spatial extent, and analyze associated large-scale atmospheric patterns. Three of these four atmospheric patterns are characterized by different configurations of ridging over the continental interior and offshore troughing. Understanding the meteorology of dry lightning across this region can inform forecasting of possible wildfire ignitions and is relevant for assessing changes in dry lightning and wildfire risk in climate projections.
Analysis of Financial Literacy, Income and Premium on Millennials’ Purchase Intention of Life Insurance Product

Since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak in the early 2020 which affects almost every country, the number of death tolls has reached up to 4.55 million. Besides deaths, the virus itself also causes fatal health problems to the patients which might cost them a large amount of money in order to be treated at the hospital or simply to purchase the necessary medicine at the pharmacy. By owning life insurance products, people will not be required to spend as much money as they should have if they do not possess any life insurance products. This purpose of this study is to determine and prove whether insurance premium, income and financial literacy do have a positive relationship on the purchase intention of life insurance products. The methodology used in this research is quantitative where the samples are gathered using an online questionnaire and processed using the variance-based structural equation modelling. From the result of the processed data, it is proved that insurance premium, income and financial literacy do not only have positive but also significant relationship on the purchase intention of life insurance products.
Medical Concept Embedding with Variable Temporal Scopes for Patient Similarity

—Electronic Health Records (EHRs) provide the possibilities to improve patient care and promote clinical research. In recent years, there has been an exponential increase in the range of diseases, diagnostic tests, and treatment regimens, which complicates the decision-making processes of doctors. Therefore, evaluating the clinical similarity of patients can provide effective and timely treatments and diagnoses for patients, which can allow doctors to make better decisions in a shorter time and at lower cost. In particular, the traditional machine learning methods for patient similarity are difficult to utilize the temporal information effectively while the temporal information in EHR data is very useful. In this paper, we propose a novel framework, called Patient Similarity Evaluation (PSE). Specially, PSE incorporates the temporal information to medical concept embedding for the representation learning of patients. Furthermore, PSE combines Siamese Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with Spatial Pyramid Pooling (SPP) to measure the similarity between all patient pairs, which can predict the future health status of patients in advance and with precision. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed framework outperforms all baseline methods.
BERTology for Machine Translation: What BERT Knows about Linguistic Difficulties for Translation

Pre-trained transformer-based models, such as BERT, have shown excellent performance in most natural language processing benchmark tests, but we still lack a good understanding of the linguistic knowledge of BERT in Neural Machine Translation (NMT). Our work uses syntactic probes and Quality Estimation (QE) models to analyze the performance of BERT’s syntactic dependencies and their impact on machine translation quality, exploring what kind of syntactic dependencies are difficult for NMT engines based on BERT. While our probing experiments confirm that pre-trained BERT “knows” about syntactic dependencies, its ability to recognize them often decreases after fine-tuning for NMT tasks. We also detect a relationship between syntactic dependencies in three languages and the quality of their translations, which shows which specific syntactic dependencies are likely to be a significant cause of low-quality translations.
Parent r ug E u i on Programs: Reasons, Problems a nd Implications

The prevalence of drugs in society has led many parents to seek assistance from parent drug education programs. However, because of environmental influences, and parental characteristics and needs, drug education programs specifically aimed at parents may not be effective in assisting them to cope with drug problems within their families. This paper presents an overview of parent drug education programs together with information regarding those problems, concerns and needs faced by parents who are dealing with an offspring drug user/abuser. The presentation emphasizes the unique, individual charac teristics of parents and suggests that these influences may be the main determinants of the effectiveness of parent drug education programs. The influence of parental characteris tics on parent drug education programs warrants more research.
Running Autophagy deficiency and vegetative growth of rice

52 Much of the nitrogen in leaves is distributed to chloroplasts, mainly in photosynthetic 53 proteins. During leaf senescence, chloroplastic proteins including Rubisco are rapidly 54 degraded, and the released nitrogen is remobilized and reused in newly developing 55 tissues. Autophagy facilitates the degradation of intracellular components for nutrient 56 recycling in all eukaryotes and recent studies have revealed critical roles for autophagy 57 in Rubisco degradation and nitrogen remobilization into seeds in Arabidopsis thaliana . 58 Here, we examined the function of autophagy in vegetative growth and nitrogen usage 59 in a cereal plant, rice ( Oryza sativa ). An autophagy-disrupted rice mutant, Osatg7-1 , 60 showed reduced biomass production and nitrogen use efficiency compared to the wild 61 type. While Osatg7-1 showed early visible leaf senescence, the nitrogen concentration 62 remained high in the senescent leaves. 15 N pulse-chase analysis revealed suppression of 63 nitrogen remobilization during leaf senescence in Osatg7-1 . Accordingly, the reduction 64 of nitrogen available for newly developing tissues in Osatg7-1 likely led its reduced leaf 65 area and tillers. The limited leaf growth in Osatg7-1 decreased the photosynthetic 66 capacity of the plant. Much of the nitrogen remaining in senescent leaves of Osatg7-1 67 was in soluble proteins, and the Rubisco concentration in senescing leaves of Osatg7-1 68 was about 2.5 times higher than in the wild type. Transmission electron micrographs 69 showed a cytosolic fraction rich with organelles in senescent leaves of Osatg7-1 . Our 70 results suggest that autophagy contributes to efficient nitrogen remobilization at the 71 whole-plant level by facilitating protein degradation for nitrogen recycling in senescent 72 leaves. 73 Fi g ure 5. Defective autophagy affects processes of leaf senescence. Age-dependent changes in chlorophyll and total nitrogen were compared between Osatg7-1 and control plants. Chlorophyll (A) and total nitrogen (B) were determined in the whole leaf homogenates of the individual 12th to 8th leaves on the main stem of Nipponbare, OsATG7+/+ , Osatg7-1 and Osatg7-1-ATG7 . Data are means ± se ( n = 4). Different letters in A and B denote significantly different values (Tukey’s HSD test, α = 0.05). In C, the data from A and B used to show the relationship between total nitrogen and chlorophyll in each plant. The gradients shown by the regression lines (senescing pattern) of each plant were statistically analyzed by Student’s t -test (α =0.05), and only Osatg7-1 had a significantly different gradient line from the others. The dashed and solid lines with equations are the regression lines for Osatg7-1 and the control plants, respectively. ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate fragmented 37-kDa 16-kDa polypeptides