Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth and micronutrient acquisition of some apple varieties in response to gradual in vitro induced salinity

Abstract Growth and micronutrient acquisition of some apple (Malus dometsica Borkh) varieties (Galla, MM 111, MM I06, M 26, and M6 York) were studied under gradually in vitro induced NaCl (from 0, 50 to 100 mM) salinity. Microshoot dry weight tended to increase with increasing salinity level in all varieties except in M 26 and M6 York as some decline was obtained at 100 mM NaCl. Shoot proliferation was decreased significantly in Galla at 100 mM NaCl and at both salinity levels in M 26 compared to the control (0 mM). A significant decrease in shoot zinc (Zn) acquisition with increasing salinity level was obtained in all varieties except MM 111. M6 York and MM 111 decreased their copper (Cu) acquisition significantly at 50 mM NaCl and then increased at 100 mM salinity level. Meanwhile, a significant decrease in Cu acquisition with increasing NaCl concentration was obtained in Galla and M 26. Galla, MM 106, and M 26 showed a significant increase in manganese (Mn) acquisition at 50 mM NaCl followed by a decrease at 100 mM salinity level. On the other hand, Mn acquisition continued to decrease significantly in MM 111 while M6 York increased its Mn acquisition with increasing salinity. M 111 and M6 York showed a significant decrease in iron (Fe) acquisition at 50 mMNaCl followed by an increase at 100mM NaCl. Galla and M 26 continued to decrease Fe acquisition with elevated salinity level, whereas Fe in MM 106 increased with salinity.
Fully Distributed Representation

A fully distributed representation based on the binary spatter code is described. It is shown how the information of a conventional record with fields is encoded into a long random bit string, or a holistic record, that has no fields, and how the fields are extracted from the holistic record. It is argued that holistic representation should be used in modeling high-level mental functions.
Research on Toothbrush Trees Leading to the Social, Environmental and Business Ideas

Salvadora or the toothbrush tree (miswak) originates from Pakistan, India, South Africa and West Asian countries. The fibrous branch is packed in a pen-shaped holder, as an innovative form and marketed internationally. This prophetic and endangered, medicinal plant genus is promoted by the World Health Organization. The extracts are now extensively used in dentistry. The products are manufactured in pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries, as the toothpaste, tooth gel and mouth rinse. In this study, a literature search on Salvadora is conducted. Both miswak articles and products are available online. The journals on Salvadora were systematically reviewed. Here, a parallel update of this natural resource, plus its business and entrepreneurship, are presented. A clinical trial was performed to investigate the effect of mouth wash, extracted from S. persica on dental plaque formation. The antiplaque efficacy of the miswak mouth rinse, in comparison to that of chlorhexidine, was recently published. Meanwhile, the chemistry of S. oleoides was studied. A number of molecules were isolated from various parts of the plant, including the leaves, seeds, stems and roots. They consist of salvadorin; a dimeric dihydroisocoumarin, phytosterols e.g. beta-sitosterol and its glucosides, fatty acids, essential oils, salvadoricine; an indole and the sulfur-containing organic substance, known as salvadoside. Nevertheless, artifacts could be produced, following the alcoholic extraction of Salvadora species. Attempts on the synthesis of analogues of Salvadora alkaloid were also made. It is anticipated that more research could be carried out for the economic benefit of this plant.
Estudio morfogeométrico de las primeras falanges delanteras de los grandes camélidos sudamericanos

Fil: L'heureux, Gabriela Lorena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas; Argentina
Ch15 (297-336)

20% of all species of mammals (Simmons, in press). Bats occur on every continent except Antarctica, and although they occur in greatest diversity in the tropics, their distribution extends at least to tree line at high latitudes. Given this wide distribution and high species richness, it is not surprising that bats display a large number of feeding specializations and play key functional roles in ecosystems. Insectivorous bats are best known to temperate zone biologists, but at lower latitudes other species are frugivorous, nectarivorous, piscivorous, carnivorous, or even sanguivorous (bloodfeeders). Bats play important ecological roles as pollinators and dispersers of fruit seeds in warm climates and as major consumers of insects in most terrestrial ecosystems. These attributes are of significant economic and ecological benefit, but some bats can also be detrimental to human affairs. In the neotropics vampire bats negatively affect livestock health, and bats may play an as yet poorly understood role in disease transmission cycles. In light of their importance, bats are also of global conservation concern. Many species of bats are endangered or are considered “sensitive” species in the United States, and several nations provide legal protection to bats. Negative impacts on bat populations have stemmed from a variety of factors. These include habitat loss, declines in roost availability, disturbance to 15
Density Control of Carbon Nanotubes through the Thickness of Fe/Al Multilayer Catalyst

The density control of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been studied using a thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method in correlation with the thicknesses of the Fe/Al multilayer catalyst on a Si substrate. The density of CNTs could be controlled through the thicknesses of both the Al layer and Fe catalyst layer. The low density of the Fe catalyst grains formed by thermal treatment, caused the formation of CNTs with random orientations, and resulted in a decrease in the CNT height. The optimum film thickness of the Fe/Al multilayer catalyst for obtaining long CNTs (220 µm) was determined for the case of a substrate temperature of 700 °C.
High-efficient photocatalytic treatment of dye and anti-bacterial activity via electrochemically synthesized SeS2 nanoparticles

Selenium sulfide (SeS2) nano photocatalyst was prepared by a facile electrochemical method and characterized by XRD, scanning electron microscope, Energy dispersive X-ray analysis and IR spectroscopy. The XRD showed that SeS2 is amorphous and has an average crystallite size of 41.26 nm which has a triclinic structure. The photocatalytic activity of the sample was evaluated by the degradation of textile dye indigo carmine in aqueous solutions under ultraviolet radiation. The photocatalytic decolourization of the dye follows first-order kinetics. High efficiency was achieved at a very low concentration of 0.003 g of SeS2 nanoparticle. Easy separation from suspension by spontaneous sedimentation and reusability of the catalyst make these photocatalysts suitable for waste water treatment. Evidently, the anti-bacterial activity of SeS2 is considerable compared with the standard drug. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Heat transfer studies on a rectangular channel with offset plate fins

Abstract : Convective heat transfer characteristics of a liquid cooled rectangular channel, containing offset plate fins were investigated experimentally. The selected geometry was a 10x model of the fluid circulation passages in the commercially available SEM-E type electronic cooling modules. The test surface containing fins was made of aluminum and was heated at its base by a thermofoil heater. The Reynolds numbers were varied between 100-800, with water as the cooling fluid. Surface temperature measurements on the heated surface were used to determine the Colburn j factor. The effects of natural convection were also investigated. Offset plate fins.
Quantification of in vivo biotransformation of the anionic surfactant C12‐2‐linear alkylbenzene sulfonate in fathead minnows

Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is a major surfactant in household detergents and enters the environment via the wastewater. Aquatic organisms are thus exposed to LAS and can bioaccumulate this compound. Even though the extent of bio‐accumulation is determined by the organisms' capability of metabolizing LAS, little is known about metabolism of LAS in small aquatic organisms. In the present investigation, we present a novel approach to quantify in vivo biotransformation. Fish (fathead minnows [Pimephales promelas]) were exposed to the LAS constituent 2‐n‐(p‐sulfophenyl)‐dodecane (C12‐2‐LAS). The parent surfactant and its biotransformation product 3‐n‐(p‐sulfophenyl)‐butyric acid (C4‐3‐SPC) were determined in fish tissue. On the average, the concentration of C4‐3‐SPC in fish was 70 to 80% of that of C12‐2‐LAS. The first‐order one‐compartment model of bioconcentration was extended to include biotransformation as an explicit process. Analysis of the C4‐3‐SPC/C12‐2‐LASconcentration ratio in fish allowed estimating a rate constant for in vivo biotransformation of C12‐2‐LAS in fathead minnows. With the estimates of the biotransformation rate constant (kBT,LAS) ranging between 0.31 and 0.72/d, biotransformation contributes to more than 40% of the elimination of C12‐2‐LAS in fathead minnows. This indicates that biotransformation is a significant process in reducing the bioaccumulation potential of LAS. Moreover, the present investigation demonstrates that the combination of measurements of parent compound and metabolite with an extended bioaccumulation model is a viable approach for quantification of biotransformation in small aquatic test animals.
The structure of twin boundaries in body centred cubic metals

In a computer simulation study of generalised (112) stacking faults in a body centered cubic structure representing alpha -iron a stable fault has been found which may be regarded as a twin nucleus. The twin boundary has an unexpected but characteristic, symmetrical structure which is distinct from that associated with the conventional mirror image orientation relation.
Uma Análise Híbrida para Identificação de Câncer de Mama usando Sinais Térmicos

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the world. Currently, there are no effective methods to prevent this disease. However, diagnosis and treatment in early stages increase cure chances. Since cancerous tissue temperature is generally higher than healthy surrounding tissues, thermography is an option to be considered in strategies to identify this cancer. This paper proposes a new hybrid breast dynamic thermography analysis method in order to identify patients with breast cancer. Images of dynamic thermography are processed in order to generate thermal signals using both breasts. These signals are analyzed by supervised and unsupervised learning techniques. In the test phase, five classification models were generated, using Bayesian networks, neural networks, decision tables, bagging and random forests. Performed tests show that the method presented in this paper is able to identify patients with breast cancer and that Bayesian network is the best learning technique presenting 100% accuracy. In addition, we have obtained an average of 93.63% accuracy among all classification models. Resumo. Câncer de mama é o segundo tipo de câncer mais comum no mundo. Atualmente não existem métodos efetivos para prevenir esta doença. Porém, o diagnóstico e o tratamento em estágios iniciais aumentam as chances de cura. Depois de ser constatado que a temperatura de tecidos cancerosos é geralmente mais alta do que a de tecidos vizinhos saudáveis, a termografia passou a ser uma opção a ser considerada em estratégias para identificar esse tipo de câncer. Este artigo propõe um método hı́brido de análise de Termografia Infravermelha Dinâmica com o objetivo de identificar pacientes com câncer de mama. Imagens desta modalidade de exame são processadas a fim de gerar sinais térmicos de ambas as mamas. Tais sinais são analisados por técnicas de aprendizagem de máquina supervisionada e não supervisionada. Na fase de testes, cinco modelos de classificação foram gerados, usando redes Bayesianas, redes neurais, tabelas de decisão, bagging e florestas randômicas. Os resultados dos testes mostraram que o método apresentado neste artigo é capaz de identificar pacientes com câncer de mama como também mostraram que redes Bayesianas é a melhor técnica de aprendizagem, pois apresentou acurácia de 100%. Além disso, foi obtida uma acurácia média de 93,63% entre todos os modelos de classificação testados.
Electronic structure and optical properties of SrCu2O2

The electronic structure of SrCu2O2, a wide gap (∼3.3 eV) p-type oxide semiconductor, was examined by photoelectron and optical spectroscopy. The spectroscopy results were compared with the energy band structure calculated by the local density approximation method to clarify the origins of p-type conductivity in this material. Despite the significant difference in band gap energy, the basic electronic structure around the band gap region was found to be quite similar to that of Cu2O. Thus, the 3d−4sp orbital of Cu+ ion is hybridized with the 2p orbital of ligand O2− ions due to the covalency of Cu–O bonds, to form states near the valence band maximum; the conduction band minimum is predominantly composed of the hybridized orbital of Cu 4sp and O 2p, forming the direct band gap at Γ point. A sharp absorption band observed near the fundamental absorption edge is likely attributable to an exciton. Although the corresponding exciton emission was not observed near the absorption edge, a blue-green emission ban.
Barrier control and measurements: Abrupt semiconductor heterojunctions

A brief critical review is given of diverse techniques used to measure heterojunction band lineups; they range from very reliable to worthless. Another problem pertains to the heterosystems themselves: Data on systems in which two semiconductors from a different pair of columns of the periodic table are combined, should be reviewed with suspicion, although some selected pairs are probably trustworthy—but none in which a compound semiconductor was grown on an elemental one. Technologies that do not lead to device‐quality interfaces also probably do not yield device‐quality lineup data. A list of the most trustworthy experimental data is given. The simplest possible theoretical framework for a theory of band lineups is a model of linear superpositon of atomiclike bulk potentials. Such a model automatically leads to a theory that is linear and transitive, in which the band lineups are orientation independent, and in which a technology dependence of the band lineups requires a technology‐dependent deviation of the atomic arrangement from the ideal one. The Harrison theory is both the simplest and the most successful theory of band lineups, although it still does not meet the needs of the device physicist. The set of most reliable data selected earlier agree very well with this theory, with a largest deviation of 0.18 eV and a standard deviation of 0.13 eV.
The Investigation of the Relationship between Physical Activity and Depressive Symptom Levels among Women during Senility

Background: The purpose of the present research is evaluating the effects of some individual and environmental factors (body composition, education status, residential centre, number of children) on depressive symptoms and the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptom levels during senility. Method: The sample of the present research consisted of 164 women who applied to an official health centre in the province of Kırıkkale due to various health problems. The physical activity levels of the sample women were measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ); depressive symptoms among women were identified using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Findings: According to the findings of the present research there is a low level of negative correlation between physical activity and depressive symptom level. It was also found that personal and environmental factors such as body composition, residential location, number of children, and educational status did not affect the level of physical activity and depressive symptoms of older women, who participated in the present research. Conclusion: Findings of the present research showed that even low, physical activity had effects on the reduction of depressive symptoms among women during senility.
Real-time in situ measurements of trace gases from agriculturally cultivated soils by means of laser spectroscopic techniques

Methane belongs besides water vapour and carbon dioxide to the most important green house gases. More than 30% of the global methane emission originate from agricultural sources [1]. Ammonia is an indirect climate relevant greenhouse gas. About 90% of all anthropogenic ammonia emission originate from animal husbandry and 10% are from mineral nitrogen fertilizers [2]. The strength of these sources as well as of natural sinks are often spatial variable and hard to estimate. Therefore mobile, sensitive, accurate and inexpensive devices for field measurements of this gases in ambient conditions are necessary. Measuring devices that meet these demands are based on tunable diode laser resonant photoacoustic (TDL-PA) spectroscopy [3]. These devices use a laser diode as light source for the selective excitation of the trace gases in the near infrared and sensitive microphones for detection.
Scattered colorimetry and multivariate data processing as an objective tool for liquid mapping (Invited Paper)

Scattered colorimetry, i.e., multi-angle and multi-wavelength absorption spectroscopy performed in the visible spectral range, was used to map three kinds of liquids: extra virgin olive oils, frying oils, and detergents in water. By multivariate processing of the spectral data, the liquids could be classified according to their intrinisic characteristics: geographic area of extra virgin olive oils, degradation of frying oils, and surfactant types and mixtures in water.
Solvate Formation of Griseofulvin with Alkyl Halide and Alkyl Dihalides

Six solvates of griseofulvin with alkyl halide and, alkyl dihalides were isolated, and their crystallographic as well as physico-chemical properties were investigated by infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffractometry, X-ray crystallographic analysis, thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). From the weight loss in TG curves, the combining ratios between the drug and the solvent were determined to be 1: 1 except for that of griseofulvin 1-bromo-2-chloroethane solvate (drug: solvent =1: 0.8). The cell dimensions of griseofulvin bromoethane solvate and griseofulvin dibromomethane solvate were almost equal, and the solvates formed a new type of mixed crystal (substitutional solid solution). From X-ray crystallographic analysis, it was elucidated that the molecular arrangement in the dichloroethane solvate crystal was the same as that in the chloroform solvate determined by Shefteret al.
Effect of organic additives in catalyst preparation on the growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes prepared by catalyst-assisted chemical vapour deposition

The effect of organic additives, including citric acid, PEG (2000) and PEG (200), on the yield and quality of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) synthesized by a Fe? Mo catalyst dispersed on an alumina matrix prepared by the sol? gel process in assisted chemical vapour deposition? (CVD) has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. Different morphologies of catalyst including big flakes, spherical particles and porous supporting materials were obtained using citric acid, PEG (2000) and PEG (200) as dispersant, respectively. SWNT yields of 10? wt%, 16? wt% and 33? wt% were obtained using citric acid, PEG (2000) and PEG (200) as the dispersants, respectively, which implies that the PEG (200) is the most effective at improving the yield of SWNTs due to the effect of additives on the specific surface area of the catalyst. The as-grown SWNTs are mostly in large bundles with diameters of 0.5? 2? nm, but in some cases, isolated tubes with much larger diameters can also be found. Finally a preliminary explanation for the increased SWNT yield using PEG (200) is presented.
SmartMob-VR: Virtual Reality platform for the development and validation of intelligent mobility systems

SmartMob is a project from a IST’s Taguspark campus’s course. This project allows students to study network communication with cars that can be controlled with scripts on a Raspberry pi. These are physical cars with batteries that are drained very quickly. The cars are used with a limited amount of physical carpet-like roads to model cities. SmartMobVR puts this project in Virtual Reality, motivating students and mitigating some problems. SmartMob VR has two main components: modelling and visualisation. Modelling is the program that allows the students to develop a city. There is a two dimensional grid where they can place roads, buildings, trees, statues, traffic lights and lamps to model the desired city to then export into an XML file. The visualisation, then, imports the XML file and builds the previously implemented city in three dimensions that can be seen in Virtual Reality. The real cars can still communicate with each other and communicate with the visualisation so the user can see what movement the cars are doing. Users can navigate through the city and select the cars they want to. Having a dynamic world and dynamic objects we study selection techniques to see which one works best for our project.
Robust Adaptive Partial Least Squares Modeling of a Full-Scale Industrial Wastewater Treatment Process

A new scheme of robust adaptive partial least squares (PLS) method was proposed for the purpose of prediction and monitoring of an industrial wastewater treatment process that has highly complex and time-varying process dynamics. The essential feature of this method is that all incoming process data are preliminarily screened on the basis of a combined monitoring index and each observation identified as an outlier is simply eliminated (hard threshold) or suppressed by using a weight function (soft threshold) prior to model update. To elucidate the feasibility of the proposed scheme, various PLS modeling approaches, including conventional ones, were evaluated and their results were compared with each other. While the conventional approaches clearly revealed their limitations such as the inflexibility of the model to process changes and the misleading model update by high leverage outliers, most robust adaptive PLS approaches based on the proposed scheme exhibited fairly good performances both in the predic.
Kinetic Study on the Exothermic Decomposition Reaction of 2,4,6,8-Tetranitro-2,4,6,8-tetraazabicyclo[3,3,1]onan-3,7-dione

The kinetic parameters of the exothermic decomposition reaction of the title compound in a temperature-programmed mode have been studied by means of DSC. The empirical kinetic model function in differential form, apparent activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor (A) of this reaction are (1-α)^0.222, 225,8 kJ·mol^-1and 10^20.21 s^-1, respectively, The critical temperature of thermal explosion of the compound is 224.9℃,