Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary suicide through a non-catastrophic bifurcation

Evolutionary suicide is a riveting phenomenon in which adaptive evolution drives a viable population to extinction. Gyllenberg and Parvinen (Bull. Math. Biol. 63: 981-993, 2001) showed that, in a wide class of deterministic population models, a discontinuous transition to extinction is a necessary condition for evolutionary suicide. An implicit assumption of their proof is that the invasion fitness of a rare strategy is well-defined also in the extinction state of the population. Epidemic models with frequency-dependent incidence, which are often used to model the spread of sexually transmitted infections or the dynamics of infectious diseases within herds, violate this assumption. In these models, evolutionary suicide can occur through a non-catastrophic bifurcation whereby pathogen adaptation leads to a continuous decline of host (and consequently pathogen) population size to zero. Evolutionary suicide of pathogens with frequency-dependent transmission can occur in two ways, with pathogen strains evolving either higher or lower virulence.
HNF 1 B variants associate with promoter methylation and regulate gene networks activated in prostate and ovarian cancer

Two independent regions within HNF1B are consistently identified in prostate and ovarian cancer genome-wide association studies (GWAS); their functional roles are unclear. We link prostate cancer (PC) risk SNPs rs11649743 and rs3760511 with elevated HNF1B gene expression and allele-specific epigenetic silencing, and outline a mechanism by which common risk variants could effect functional changes that increase disease risk: functional assays suggest that HNF1B is a pro-differentiation factor that suppresses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in unmethylated, healthy tissues. This tumor-suppressor activity is lost when HNF1B is silenced by promoter methylation in the progression to PC. Epigenetic inactivation of HNF1B in ovarian cancer also associates with known risk SNPs, with a similar impact on EMT. This represents one of the first comprehensive studies into the pleiotropic role of a GWAS-associated transcription factor across distinct cancer types, and is the first to describe a conserved role for a multi-cancer genetic risk factor.
Language Provision in UK MFL Departments 2018 Survey

The report investigates the provision of language modules (i.e. modules whose object of study is language) in MFL departments alongside models of collaboration between Languages departments and Institution-Wide Language Provision (IWLP) in UK universities. Results offer an invitation to reconceptualise our discipline to strengthen an agenda of inclusion and diversity integrating all languages, as well as a single voice for MFL and IWLP.
Control of Hydraulic Pulse System Based on the PLC and State Machine Programming

In this paper, we deal with a simple embedded electronic system for an industrial pneumatic–hydraulic system, based on a low-cost programmable logic controller (PLC) and industrial electronic parts with 24 V logic. The developed system is a hydraulic pulse system and generates a series of high-pressure hydraulic pulses with up to a max. 200 bar output pressure level and with up to a max. 2 Hz output hydraulic pulses frequency. In this paper we are describing requirements, the concept of the embedded control system in a diagram, security features and its industrial network connectivity (CAN bus, MODBUS). In description of the software solution we describe the implementation of the program threads approach in this low-cost PLC. The PLC programming with threads generate two layers of services—physical and application layer, and as a result, the threads create the main control state machine. In conclusion, we describe the calibration method of the system and the calibration curves. For further study we offer readers the full programming code written in sequential function charts to be used as PLC language. The cost of the described industrial networked control system with industry standard optoelectronic insulated interfaces and certified industrial safety relay does not exceed €1000 Euros.
Long-distance behavior of temperature correlation functions in the one-dimensional Bose gas

We describe a Bethe ansatz-based method to derive, starting from a multiple integral representation, the long-distance asymptotic behavior at finite temperature of the density–density correlation function in the interacting one-dimensional Bose gas. We compute the correlation lengths in terms of solutions of non-linear integral equations of the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz type. Finally, we establish a connection between the results obtained in our approach and the correlation lengths stemming from the quantum transfer matrix method.
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a new revolutionary non-invasive imaging modality, built on the platform of optical coherence tomography (OCT). This technique works on the principle of ‘decorrelation’ and is still a nascent technology in its infancy with tremendous potential applicability for diagnosing retinal and choroidal vascular diseases. Its non-invasive nature, and the ability to generate images of retinal and choroidal vasculature, allows it to replace and/or supplement the current angiographic gold standards, fluorescein angiography (FA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), if not in all but certainly in most retinal and choroidal pathologies. Still, there exists a major challenge in terms of its wide-scale availability, equipment and processing techniques, presence of artifacts, limitations of imaging capability, and lack of common vocabulary among retinal specialists for interpretation. In this review we intend to describe this novel technique by highlighting its key features, and comparing it with FA and ICGA. We will also discuss its applicability in various clinical scenarios such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinal venous occlusion, choroiditis, and in routine practice. Further studies are needed to more definitively determine OCTA’s utility in the clinical setting and to establish if this technology may offer a non-invasive option of visualizing the retinal vasculature in detail.
Entanglement and thermodynamics in general probabilistic theories

Entanglement is one of the most striking features of quantum mechanics, and yet it is not specifically quantum. More specific to quantum mechanics is the connection between entanglement and thermodynamics, which leads to an identification between entropies and measures of pure state entanglement. Here we search for the roots of this connection, investigating the relation between entanglement and thermodynamics in the framework of general probabilistic theories. We first address the question whether an entangled state can be transformed into another by means of local operations and classical communication. Under two operational requirements, we prove a general version of the Lo–Popescu theorem, which lies at the foundations of the theory of pure-state entanglement. We then consider a resource theory of purity where free operations are random reversible transformations, modelling the scenario where an agent has limited control over the dynamics of a closed system. Our key result is a duality between the resource theory of entanglement and the resource theory of purity, valid for every physical theory where all processes arise from pure states and reversible interactions at the fundamental level. As an application of the main result, we establish a one-to-one correspondence between entropies and measures of pure bipartite entanglement. The correspondence is then used to define entanglement measures in the general probabilistic framework. Finally, we show a duality between the task of information erasure and the task of entanglement generation, whereby the existence of entropy sinks (systems that can absorb arbitrary amounts of information) becomes equivalent to the existence of entanglement sources (correlated systems from which arbitrary amounts of entanglement can be extracted).
Public perception of population health risks in Canada: health hazards and health outcomes

The focus of this article is a descriptive account of the perceptions of five health hazards (motor vehicles, climate change, recreational physical activity, cellular phones, and terrorism) and five health outcomes (cancer, long-term disabilities, asthma, heart disease, and depression) from a recent survey of 1503 Canadians. In an attempt to shed light on factors that influence risk perception in Canada, the extent to which these exemplars are perceived as high in risk and controllability, as well as the extent to which knowledge and uncertainty surrounding them is high, was examined. The degree to which these exemplars are deemed acceptable and generate worry among Canadians was also examined. Variation was observed in the extent to which different health hazards and outcomes are perceived on the various dimensions. Perceptions of health hazards and outcomes also vary significantly by gender, age, and education. Findings are compared to existing research on risk perception.
Evaluation of Microsatellite Polymorphism and Genetic Variability in Thai Ridgeback and Bangkaew Dogs

บทคดยอ ตนกำเนดของสนขพบวามาจากสนขตนกำเนดจำนวนจำกด ทำใหเกดปญหาการผสมเลอดชดและโรคทางพนธกรรมภายในสนขสายพนธเดยวกนหรอตางสายพนธ สนขไทยหลงอานและสนขบางแกวเปนสนขพนเมองทคาดวาจะมตนกำเนดในประเทศไทย จากการศกษาความหลากหลายทางพนธกรรมในสนขไทย (สนขไทยหลงอาน 39 ตว สนขบางแกว 82 ตว) โดยใชเครองหมายดเอนเอไมโครแซทเทลไลทจำนวน 12 เครองหมาย เครองหมายดเอนเอชนดนพบวามความหลากหลายและกระจายอยทวทงจโนมในสนข ผลจากการศกษาเครองหมายดเอนเอเหลานพบจำนวนอลลล คา observed heterozygosity (HO) คา expected heterozygosity (He) และคา polymorphicinformation content (PIC) สงทงในสนขไทยหลงอานและบางแกว คาเฉลยของ Ho, He และ PIC เทากบ 0.72, 0.77, 0.73 ในสนขบางแกว และ 0.81, 0.78, 0.75 ในสนขไทยหลงอาน คาเฉลยของอตราเลอดชดเทากบ 0.072 และ -0.019 ในสนขบางแกวและสนขไทยหลงอานตามลำดบ คาอตราเลอดชดทตำและตดลบบงบอกวาไมนามปญหาการผสมเลอดชดในสนขเหลาน โดยเฉพาะในสนขไทยหลงอาน ขอมลทไดจากการศกษาในครงนสามารถนำไปใชศกษาลกษณะทางพนธกรรมในสนขไทยเพอสำรวจโครงสรางทางประชากรในสนขเหลานตอไป คำสำคญ: สนขบางแกว สนข ความหลากหลายทางพนธกรรม ไมโครแซทเทลไลท สนขไทยหลงอาน Abstract The origin of dogs came from the limited number of founders leading to inbreeding or genetic diseasewithin or among breeds. Thai Ridgeback (TR) and Bangkaew (BK) dogs were the only native dog breeds that webelieved to originate in Thailand. The study of genetic variability in Thai dogs (39 Thai Ridgeback dogs, 82 Bangkaewdogs) was defined by using 12 microsatellite markers. These DNA markers were highly informative and distributedthrough the canine genome. The result from these markers revealed the higher number of alleles, observedheterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He) and polymorphic information content (PIC) in TR and BK dogs.The average Ho, He and PIC were 0.72, 0.77, 0.73 in Bangkaew and 0.81, 0.78, 0.75 in Thai Ridgeback dogs. Theaverage inbreeding coefficient was 0.072 and -0.019 in Bangkaew and Thai Ridgeback dogs, respectively. The low andnegative inbreeding coefficient values revealed no inbreeding problem especially in Thai Ridgeback dog. Theinformation generated in this study could be used for further genetic study in Thai dogs and to investigate thepopulation structure in these dog breeds. Keywords: Bangkaew dogs, dog, genetic variability, microsatellite, Thai Ridgeback dogs
the Behavior Therapist

IT IS ESTIMATED that one out of four individuals in the United States meets criteria for a psychiatric disorder (Kessler & Wang, 2008), but only one-third of those individuals actually receives mental health treatment (Kessler et al., 2005). Most patients with mental health concerns are treated by a primary care physician, and this pattern is especially strong among underserved patient populations, including members of ethnic/racial minority groups and families living in rural areas (Kessler et al.). Mental health care problems are also linked to physical health problems in a reciprocal fashion (World Health Organization, 2004). Health care reform efforts in the U.S. over the past decade were designed to broaden health care coverage and increase patient access to needed services, thereby reducing health disparities amongAmericans. Numerous efforts to repeal the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (111-148) have been unsuccessful and it appears the law will remain in effect for the foreseeable future. An important feature of health care reform is the integration of primary medicine and behavioral health into a collaborative, interdisciplinary-based team model of service delivery and changes in how health care services are reimbursed, with a greater focus on health promotion, disease prevention, and
Computational 3D simulation of calcium leaching in cement matrices

Calcium leaching is a degradation process consisting in the progressive dissolution of the paste by the migration of calcium atoms to the aggressive solution. It is therefore, a complex phenomenon involving simultaneously several crystalline phases and dissolution and diffusion processes. During this work a new program for the simulation of the degradation process in three dimensions was developed. The program decouples the transport and chemical reaction equations and solves them separately. Transport equations are solved by the Finite Element Method using an algorithm that enables the description of multi-ionic solutions on arbitrary domains. The chemical algorithm accounts for the degradation of portlandite and the CSH gel which are the main constituents of ordinary Portland cement matrices. The program was used to simulate accelerated calcium leaching by a 6M ammonium nitrate solution, in order to test it. The obtained output was a three dimensional representation of the matrix and the values calcium concentration of each particular pixel of the structure at different time steps. This not only makes possible to study the calcium to silicon ratio, porosity and elastic properties of each particular phase as a function of time but also as a function of the position within the matrix.
High Rate of Glycolysis and Cancer

One hundred years ago, abnormal metabolism of cancer cell was regarded as one of the most important pathological features of malignancy. Recently, with the development of system biology, researchers regained the interest in regulating cancer metabolism. In 1920s’, Dr. Otto Warburg discovered that, even when oxygen is ample, malignant cells still prefer the anaerobic glycolysis, and the rate of glucose uptake is high while the overall glycolysis increases. Cancer cells divide faster than normal cells, hence they need more bioenergy, and they need to change their metabolism to produce the extra energy. In recent 20 years, the link between high rate of glycolysis and cancer was re-evaluated and has inspired enthusiasm upon research into the metabolism of cancer cells. Novel diagnostic methods and new drugs were created by the understanding of the features of cancer metabolism. Glycolysis in cancer cells has clinical implications in cancer diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. The purpose of this review is to focus on the mechanism of high rate of glycolysis in cancer and its significance in cancer diagnosis and therapies. The regulatory network of cancer is complex, system biology might help us to find the clue. There are evidences showing that mixture of drugs has therapeutic advantages in clinical practice. Combinations of anti-neoplasm drugs have already been administered with encouraging results. Therefore, the multi-targeted MCA advised therapy might be the most promising strategy for cancer. The study for novel inhibitors from medicinal herbs are now ongoing. We believe, there will be more and more therapeutic strategies coming in the near future to help human beings fighting with cancer.
Synoptic maps of temperature and velocity within the Subantarctic Front south of Australia

[1] From April 1995 to March 1997 a 450-km array of inverted echo sounders, horizontal electric field recorders, and current meters measured the horizontal and vertical structure of the current, temperature, and salinity fields associated with the Subantarctic Front (SAF) south of Australia. Synoptic maps of the temperature and velocity fields often show the SAF divided into two zonally separated jets, which are also found in the mean. These jets were in close proximity yet directed toward different azimuths. The daily maps also show that the SAF often flowed as a single strong jet, during which times it underwent vigorous meandering, with crest-to-trough meridional distances ∼250 km. These meanders stalled within the array and contorted to form “S”-shaped paths. In one case a cold-core ring was formed. Propagating meanders have periods of 20–70 days, wavelengths of 240–420 km, and phase speeds of 12–6 km d−1. Deep currents reveal strong cyclones and anticyclones propagating primarily eastward through the array beneath the meandering jet. Thus, at times the deep flow is aligned with the upper flow, whereas at other times, significant barotropic flows cross the upper front. Occasionally, the northern Polar Front was also found within the array. The observed variability illustrates how the interaction of a meandering current with transient features such as meanders and eddies makes the identification of a front difficult when a single isotherm or isopycnal is utilized as the definition.
Azido-meta-hemipinic Acid: An "Introverted" Acid?

Reaction of Azido-m-hemipinic acid (IV) with N-hydroxy Succinimide (NHS) and Dicyclohexyl Carbodiimide (DCC) has been investigated. The product (IV) has been identified as a tri-NHS adduct of the elusive O-acylisourea intermediate in DCC catalyzed reactions of carboxylic acids and alcohols/amines. Based on these observations, a question is posed whether ‘azido-m-hemipinic acid’ is to be considered as an “introverted” acid?
Graphene transport properties upon exposure to PMMA processing and heat treatments

The evolution of grapheneʼs electrical transport properties due to processing with the polymer polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and heat are examined in this study. The use of stencil (shadow mask) lithography enables fabrication of graphene devices without the usage of polymers, chemicals or heat, allowing us to measure the evolution of the electrical transport properties during individual processing steps from the initial as-exfoliated to the PMMA-processed graphene. Heating generally promotes the conformation of graphene to SiO2 and is found to play a major role for the electrical properties of graphene while PMMA residues are found to be surprisingly benign. In accordance with this picture, graphene devices with initially high carrier mobility tend to suffer a decrease in carrier mobility, while in contrast an improvement is observed for low carrier mobility devices. We explain this by noting that flakes conforming poorly to the substrate will have a higher carrier mobility which will however be reduced as heat treatment enhance the conformation. We finally show the electrical properties of graphene to be reversible upon heat treatments in air up to 200 °C.
“THE USURPING PRINCEPS”: MAXENTIUS’ IMAGE AND ITS CONSTANTINIAN LEGACY

This article deals with self-representation of Maxentius, who ruled over Italy and North Africa between 306 and 312. It focuses on the imagery and language that was distributed through coins and portraits during Maxentius’ reign, as well as their reception under Constantine immediately after the Battle of the Milvian Bridge (312). It argues that Maxentius revitalized the tradition of a princeps at Rome in order to play upon sentiments of neglect felt at Rome and the time. In coinage, this was most explicitly done through the unprecedented use of the princeps title on the obverse, which initially may have caused a misunderstanding in the more distant parts of the Maxentian realm. The idea of the princeps was captivated in portraiture through visual similarities with revered emperors, especially with Trajan, and through insertion of Maxentius’ portraits in traditional togate capite velato . When Constantine defeated Maxentius in 312, he took over some of the imagery and language that had been employed by his deceased adversary. Constantine, too, presented himself as a princeps . This not only shows that Maxentius’ representational strategies had been effective, but also brings to light how Constantine managed to deal with the memory of someone who had been one of Rome’s greatest benefactors.
Robust network structures for acoustic model on CHiME5 Challenge dataset

Our work is focus on robust acoustic model for the 5th CHiME5 challenge. To boost the performance to be better than baseline, we designed different network structure that can be suitable for CHiME5 challenge dataset. Our ﬁnal result can achieve 13% relative improvement compare to the baseline.
Model selection in random effects models for directed graphs using approximated Bayes factors

With the development of an MCMC algorithm, Bayesian model selection for the p2 model for directed graphs has become possible. This paper presents an empirical exploration in using approximate Bayes factors for model selection. For a social network of Dutch secondary school pupils from different ethnic backgrounds it is investigated whether pupils report that they receive more emotional support from within their own ethnic group. Approximated Bayes factors seem to work, but considerable margins of error have to be reckoned with.
High rate of asymptomatic hypoglycemia in insulin-treated diabetes with severe chronic kidney disease: Utility of flash interstitial glucose monitoring

Objective: Insulin-treated diabetes patients with severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) commonly have reduced hypoglycemia awareness that can potentiate hypoglycemia risk. We assessed in such patients: whether flash interstitial glucose monitoring (iGM) measures correlate with capillary blood glucose (cBGL) levels, the prevalence of asymptomatic hypoglycemia, and if iGM usage may help decrease hypoglycemia occurrence. Methods: Thirteen adult insulin-treated, CKD stage 4 or 5 diabetes patients with reduced hypoglycemia awareness, from a tertiary hospital diabetes renal clinic, participated in a familiarization program with Freestyle Libre Flash Glucose Monitoring for two 14-d periods (P), and insulin treatment was adjusted as indicated between periods. Results: Initial HbA1c was 7.2 ± 1.4%. The iGM correlated with cBGL (n=480, r=0.86, p<0.0001). By Clarke error grid analysis: 93.3% of data points were in combined Zones A and B, and 4 data points in Zone E. All hypoglycemia (iGM or cBGL < 3.9 mM) was asymptomatic. More hypoglycemic events were detected by iGM than by cBGL (7.9 ± 7.8 events/14 d vs. 0.4 ± 0.8, iGM vs cBGL, p<0.01 in P1, 5.4 ± 3.6 events/14 d vs. 0.3 ± 0.6, iGM vs cBGL, p<0.001 in P2). Hypoglycemia time in P1, 6.2 ± 6.2% (0%-20.0%), and number of events, did not change in P2. Ten patients recorded hypoglycemia in P1: their time in hypoglycemia decreased from 8.0% ± 5.9% to 3.2% ± 2.8% (p=0.01) in P2. Conclusions: In this patient group, iGM detected high rates of hypoglycemia; its use may help to decrease hypoglycemia and improve patient safety.