Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary Significant Units within Populations of Neotropical Broad-Snouted Caimans (Caiman latirostris, Daudin, 1802)

Abstract Evolutionary significant units are an important level of biodiversity in management and conservation programs. Molecular data are considered a high priority for efficient Broad-Snouted Caiman (Caiman latirostris) conservation. In this study, we used two mitochondrial (COI and 16sRNA) and one nuclear (RAG1) molecular markers to test the hypothesis of independent evolution of geographic lineages across Brazilian river basins. We captured caimans at night and cut one or more scales from the tail for genetic analyses. We obtained genetic data from 37 C. latirostris captured between September 2012 and June 2013 from 13 locations throughout four river basins: Doce, Jequitinhonha, Paraná, and São Francisco. Clades were closely associated to river basins, supporting the presence of three distinct phylogenetic lineages within the 1) São Francisco and Jequitinhonha, 2) Doce, and 3) Paraná river basins. These lineages have been isolated probably since the rise of Pleistocene low sea levels and do not have recent gene flow. They have mtDNA reciprocal monophyly and, therefore, present compelling evidence to be considered as evolutionary significant units. Considering the hidden genetic diversity within this species, we recommend conservation efforts for all three independent units within C. latirostris. Resumo Unidades evolutivas são um importante nível de biodiversidade em programas de conservação e manejo. Dados moleculares têm alta prioridade para estratégias de conservação eficientes de jacarés-de-papo-amarelo. Neste estudo usamos dois marcadores mitocondriais (COI e 16sRNA) e um nuclear (RAG1) para testar a hipótese de que linhagens geográficas desta espécie evoluíram de forma independente em bacias hidrográficas brasileiras. Capturamos jacarés à noite e cortamos uma ou mais escamas da cauda para análises genéticas. Obtivemos dados genéticos de 37 indivíduos de C. latirostris capturados entre setembro de 2012 e junho de 2013 em 13 localidades ao longo de quatro bacias: Doce, Jequitinhonha, Paraná e São Francisco. Os clados foram fortemente associados às bacias, corroborando a existência de três linhagens filogenéticas ocupando as bacias dos rios (1) São Francisco e Jequitinhonha, (2) Doce, e (3) Paraná. Estas linhagens estão isoladas provavelmente desde a elevação do nível do mar durante o Pleistoceno, não apresentando fluxo gênico recente. Elas têm monofilia recíproca de mtDNA e, portanto, apresentam evidências suficientes para serem consideradas Unidades Evolutivas Significativas. Desse modo, recomendamos esforços de conservação direcionados a cada uma destas três unidades independentes dentro de C. latirostris tendo em vista a diversidade genética oculta nesta espécie.
Learning From GPS Trajectories of Floating Car for CNN-Based Urban Road Extraction With High-Resolution Satellite Imagery

Deep learning has achieved great success in recent years, among which the convolutional neural network (CNN) method is outstanding in image segmentation and image recognition. It is also widely used in satellite imagery road extraction and, generally, can obtain accurate and extraction results. However, at present, the extraction of roads based on CNN still requires a lot of manual preparation work, and a large number of samples can be marked to achieve extraction, which has to take long drawing cycle and high production cost. In this article, a new CNN sample set production method is proposed, which uses the GPS trajectories of floating car as training set (GPSTasST), for the multilevel urban roads extraction from high-resolution remote sensing imagery. This method rasterizes the GPS trajectories of floating car into a raster map and uses the processed raster map to label the satellite image to obtain a road extraction sample set. CNN can extract roads from remote sensing imagery by learning the training set. The results show that the method achieves a harmonic mean of precision and recall higher than road extraction method from single data source while eliminating the manual labeling work, which shows the effectiveness of this work.
Fine roots of Picea abies compensate for drought stress in the rainfall reduction experiment

This study evaluates the influence of repeated artificial drought stress on the fine root characteristics – including ectomycorrhizae – of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst]. The experimental site consisted of two plots in a mature spruce monoculture stand. The water regime at parts of both plots was regulated by shelters and an isolation trench during vegetation season (spring to autumn) since 2010. Root samples were collected during autumn in 2010, 2012, and 2013. Root analyses revealed the effect of drought stress on mycorrhizal root tips changed over time. While a density of active mycorrhizae was about 34% lower in drought-stressed areas compared to nonstressed (control) areas in 2010, it increased by 15% in 2012 and by 22% in 2013 over both plots. We observed the less pronounced effect of drought on a proportion of active mycorrhizae, but it generally followed the pattern of active mycorrhizae density. The density of nonactive mycorrhizae was not influenced by drought but significantly fluctuated during the course of the experiment. Other root characteristics such as the dry mass of fine roots (< 1 mm), the specific length of fine roots (< 1 mm) and the composition of the ectomycorrhizal community (primarily dominated by Amphinema byssoides, Tylospora fibrillosa, Tylopilus felleus, and Cenococcum geophilum) were also not significantly influenced by drought. Our results indicate the ability of Norway spruce fine roots to compensate for repeated drought stress of the intermediate intensity.
Determination of genetic diversity among antibiotic resistant Morganella morganii strains using RAPD molecular marks

The study was conducted on a total of 250 clinical samples were taken from ear infection patients in Al-Sadder educational medical hospital and Al-Hakeem General hospitals, During the study period from February, 2017 to 12, 2017.This study aimed to determine Morganella morganii by using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA ( RAPD) techniques in genetic diversity studies.The result of this study from 140(56%) samples were positive results for bacterial growth against 110(44%) samples wereconsidered negative in culture media . The biochemical test was showed that oxidase negative , catalase positive, methyl red, indole and urease positive . The percentage of antibiotic resistance was 90% , 100%, 100%,55%,100%and100% against pefloxacin , Colistin, aztreonam,ticarcillinclavulanic acid, ceftazidime and piperacillinrespectively . The result of phylogenetic tree by using RAPD analysis was similarity (0.87 ) was between (M. morganii-4 and M. morganii-12), followed by (0.80 ) between isolates (M. morganii-4and M. morganii-6 ). RAPD typing considered as a good to situations in which a large number of isolates ,cheaper and easy technique, its used in a wide range of applications, in many space of biology branch.
Triband Circularly Polarized Antenna Using a Single Patch

A single-feed single-patch triband antenna with different senses of circular polarization in different operating bands is presented in this letter. The first three pairs of the orthogonal modes of a single patch, TM10/TM01, TM20/TM02, and TM30/TM03 modes, are excited to serve the triband circularly polarized operation, by loading stubs and etching slots in both x- and y- directions. Benefited from the asymmetrical radiating patch and aperture coupling on the diagonal line, the orthogonal modes can be well excited and controlled to realize the different senses of circular polarization in different operation bands by tuning the stubs and slots. A patch antenna prototype has been designed and fabricated for experimental validation. The measured 3 dB axial ratios (ARs) of the three bands are 2.439–2.452 GHz, 3.343–3.365 GHz, and 4.342–4.378 GHz, respectively, and the corresponding polarizations are left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP), right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP), and RHCP, respectively.
Exotic gastropods for sale: an assessment of land and aquatic snails in the South African pet trade

Gastropods are amongst the most popular of the Mollusca in the pet trade, with globalisation being the main contributing factor facilitating their establishment globally. Although it is known that gastropods are kept as pets in South Africa, relatively little has been documented on the trade for this group. Physical pet stores selling gastropod species were surveyed seasonally in South Africa, aiming to determine 1) the types of species sold, including their trade popularity, trade volume, and the biogeographic realms they originated from, and 2) seasonal variations in gastropod species traded. Six gastropod species were recorded in the South African pet stores with three known invasives (Achatina fulica, A. immaculata, and Pomacea canaliculata). Of these species, the African giant snail A. fulica and the channeled golden apple snail P. canaliculata were the species with higher trade popularity throughout the year. The trade of the other species fluctuated with seasons among pet stores and provinces. Gastropod species sampled in this study originated from four biogeographic realms, with two species from the Afrotropical and Neotropical realms, and one each from the Indomalayan and the Palaearctic. The number of gastropod individuals observed in this study was relatively large; as a result, they may pose a potential risk of invasion should they be released or escape captivity. The pet trade industry at a national level needs to be regularly monitored and the policies on selling invasive non-native species should be implemented to avoid the introduction and establishment of potential invaders.
Visualisation of Reactive Oxygen Species During Stress of Aromatic Crop

The present protocol described staining protocol for Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in aromatic crop grown under nutrient stress through DAB and NBT histochemical method. Spearmint (Mentha spicata) were grown under manganese and salt toxicity stresses and after 10 and 20 days of the stress treatments, plants showed stunted growth. The morphological characteristics of leaves under stresses were observed. Manganese toxicity and salt stress induced the production of ROS. Accumulation of hydrogen peroxide was characterised as brown spots from the DAB polymerisation which were emerged and clearly observed in leaves from plant grown under 2.5 and 5 mM concentrations of manganese as well as 300 mM concentration of salt. Furthermore, accumulation of superoxide anion was characterised as blue pigments based upon the ability of cells to reduce NBT. Spearmint leaves showed the distribution of the blue pigment which was obviously observed under the 5 mM of manganese and 300 mM of salt. DAB and NBT staining method can be the rapid method to characterise ROS accumulation in plant cell under the abiotic stresses.
Innovating in Krugman’s Footsteps – Where and How Innovation Differs in Europe: Static Innovation Indicators for Identifying Regional Policy Leverages

This paper introduces two indicators for innovation, showing the allocation of innovation and its inherent diversity. Both indicators can give insights for regional innovation policy conception. The first indicator measures the share of patents in research and development expenditure, proposing a locational innovation output indicator. It can show that innovation in Europe differs strongly among NUTS2-level regions, which points to regionally specific, place-based policies as a result of a strong dispersion in European innovation activity. The second measure, the innovation diversity indicator, shows the diversification of innovation in a region and is built upon Krugman’s locational Gini coefficients. Here, the share of patents belonging to a particular IPC class is related to the dispersion of all patents in a region. Possible implications for policy are the construction of place-based, technology-specific programs, on either national or subnational (NUTS2-) level, where each country or region has to be considered carefully. Analyses underline that innovation in Europe is a highly regionally and technically diversified concept.
Palynoflora from the La Anita Formation (Maastrichtian), Austral-Magallanes Basin, Argentina

Here we describe the spore and pollen assemblages recovered from the La Anita Formation, Late Cretaceous, Austral-Magallanes Basin (~50°S). This unit shows a high diversity of spores, with subordinate gymnosperms (mainly represented by Podocarpaceae) and angiosperms (mainly represented by Proteaceae and Arecaceae). The abundance of these groups varies between the two fertile studied levels, being one dominated by ferns (mainly Cyathidites minor and Laevigatosporites ovatus) and the other by gymnosperms (Podocarpidites spp.). The presence of aquatic ferns (Azollopsis), diverse Podocarpaceae and key angiosperm taxa (such as Arecipites, Clavatipollenites, Dichastopollenites, and Spinizonocolpites) is indicative of warm and hyper-humid conditions. The great abundance of Arecaceae and the presence of some key taxa (e.g. Azollopsis sp., Ericipites scabratus, Peninsulapollis gillii, Proteacidites spp.) support a probable Maastrichtian age for the uppermost strata of the La Anita Formation. The multivariate statistical analysis here conducted showed that the La Anita Formation has its greatest similarity with the La Irene Formation (Maastrichtian from the Austral-Magallanes Basin). Both formations are also related with other coeval palynofloras from Patagonia and Antarctica.
A 580 nW Dual-Input Energy Harvester IC Using Multi-Task MPPT and a Current Boost Converter for Heterogeneous Source Combining

Herein, we present a multi-energy harvesting interface integrated circuit (IC) that enables the efficient combination of heterogeneous power sources. An electromagnetic vibration energy generator (EVG) and a thermoelectric energy generator (TEG) are the two energy sources, which have quite different internal resistance (tens and kilo-Ohms). To solve the challenge of combining heterogeneous sources, we propose a current boost converter (CBC), which achieves the resistance transformation as well as the source type conversion. The challenge of realizing maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for each source is tackled by using a multi-task MPPT controller, which is efficiently shared between the two sources. To achieve energy harvesting under uncertain and random source conditions, we propose an input (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\text {IN}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>)-dependent clock generator (VCG) and a vibration pulse detector (VPD). The VCG tracks the change of source conditions to generate the clock for the MPPT controller. The VPD allows tracking of the random amplitude and frequency changes of the EVG. The energy harvester is fabricated in a 0.18 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> process with a thick top-metal option. Measured results show successful source detection, switching, and MPPT operation. The proposed IC provides an output power of up to 119 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with an end-to-end peak efficiency of 82% by consuming 582 nW.
A Two-Stage Transfer Adversarial Network for Intelligent Fault Diagnosis of Rotating Machinery With Multiple New Faults

Recently, deep transfer learning based intelligent fault diagnosis has been widely investigated, and the tasks that source and target domains share the same fault categories have been well addressed. However, due to complexity and uncertainty of mechanical equipment, unknown new faults may occur unexpectedly. This problem has received less attention in the current research, which seriously limited the application of deep transfer learning. In this article, a two-stage transfer adversarial network is proposed for multiple new faults detection of rotating machinery. First, a novel deep transfer learning model is constructed based on an adversarial learning strategy, which can effectively separate multiple unlabeled new fault types from labeled known ones. Second, an unsupervised convolutional autoencoders model with silhouette coefficient is built to recognize the number of new fault types. Extensive experiments on a gearbox dataset validate the practicability of the proposed scheme. The results suggest that it is promising to address fault diagnosis transfer tasks in which the multiple new faults occur in the target domain, which greatly expand the application of deep transfer learning.
In Vitro Propagation of Chrysanthemum: an Overview on its Utility in Mutagenesis and Genetic Transformation Techniques

Chrysanthemum morifoliumspecies belong to the Asteraceae family and is one of the most important cut flower and pot species on the market that traditionally propagated by root suckers or terminal cuttings [1]. These methods are very slow processes, and the risk of transmission of the virus and other diseases is very high [2]. Tissue culture techniques can improve the efficiency of plant propagation processes and as well as facilitates the rapid replication and development of superior genotypes [3]. There are numerous reports on the in vitro regeneration of chrysanthemum, which chiefly have been regenerated through the passage of the callus phase [4-6].
Bacteriological Evaluation of Hand Contact Surfaces at Bus Terminals in Uyo Metropolis

Bacteriological evaluation of contact surfaces (counters, chairs/benches, railings, poles, tables and door handles of rest rooms) at selected bus terminals in Uyo metropolis was carried out using standard procedures. Counters and poles revealed highest (log10 6.3 ± 0.7CFU/cm2) and least (log10 1.5±0.3 CFU/cm 2 ), total heterotrophic bacterial counts respectively. Bacterial isolates associated with the contact surfaces included Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Escherichia coli and species of the genera Bacillus, Micrococcus, Streptococcus, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella and Serratia. Bacillus sp (16.6%) and Serratia sp (2.8%) revealed highest and least frequency distribution among the isolates. The Gram positive bacteria associated with the contact surfaces showed highest susceptibility (93%) to erythromycin and least susceptibility (12.2%) to augmentin while the Gram negative bacteria revealed highest (92.3%) and least (13.8%) susceptibility to ofloxacin and augmentin respectively. This study has revealed that contact surfaces at bus terminals can harbor potential pathogenic microorganisms hence adequate and regular sanitation practices should be embraced by staff and travelers at these places to avoid possible health risk.
Leukemia Candidate Genetic Markers-An Evaluation

Background: The cause of leukemia, the most common type of cancer, remains unknown. Genetic studies have reported more than a thousand of genes as being linked to the disease.Methods: A total of 1,093 leukemia candidate genes, identified from leukemia-gene relations data extracted from the ResNet 11 Mammalian database and supported by 6,524 references were evaluated. Four network metrics were used to evaluate individual gene potential relevance to leukemia. Gene-set enrichment, sub-network enrichment, and network-connectivity analyses were conducted on gene attributes. An expression dataset of 71 leukemia patients, and 76 healthy controls, was employed for validationResults: A total of 952 out of 1,093 genes were enriched in 100 pathways (p < 3.3e-20), demonstrating strong gene-gene interaction. A network metrics analysis revealed 5 genes (TP53, CTNNB1, AKT1, TNF, and RARA), as measured by both functional diversity and replication frequency, as the top leukemia candidates. Validation, using expression data, showed that the 1,093 genes, as a whole, and the top genes, as identified by the proposed metrics, were efficient in distinguishing leukemia patients from controls (maximum classification ratio = 95.3 % with permutation p-value = 0.0054). Conclusion: The genetic causes of leukemia are linked to a genetic network composed of a large number of genes. This network, together with the network metrics provided in this study, could provide a basis for further molecular studies in the field.
First detection of Megalocytivirus (Iridoviridae) in trash fish used for aquaculture feed in Sabah, Malaysia

Trash fish is a popular aquaculture feed in Sabah, Malaysia. Among the many fish species, Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta), spotted sardine (Sardinella sp.), smoothbelly sardine (Ambligaster leiogaster), mackerel scad (Decapterus macarelus), round scad (Decapterus sp.) and big eyed scad (Selar crumenopthalmus) are the most commonly used trash fish. However, the increasing number of disease outbreaks occurring throughout aquaculture farms has prompted us to conduct this study with the aim to determine if Iridovirus presents in six different species of trash fish namely; Indian mackerel, spotted sardine, smoothbelly sardine, mackerel scad, round scad and big eyed scad collected throughout Sabah. In this study, DNA from 230 fish specimens was subjected to nested-PCR and DNA sequencing analyses. The results showed 15.22% of specimens were found to have been contaminated with Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus (Megalocytivirus, Iridoviridae). This indicates that trash fish can harbor viral pathogen and may likely to transmit it to culture fish during feeding. The reliance on trash fish for aquaculture feeding can jeopardize the sustainability of the aquaculture industry. Therefore, the use of pellet feeds made from certified virus-free ingredients may be the best choice to minimize viral outbreaks.
The treatment effect on the antioxidant activity of aronia products

In the last decade, agricultural producers in Serbia have been massively reoriented to aronia (Aronia) cultivation. Due to low and inadequately organized purchase, the accumulation of large amounts of aronia forced the producers to organize and start processing. The most common and most represented products of aronia in our market are cold pressed juice, pasteurized sweet syrup and liqueur. Processing can affect a decrease of the bioactive components concentration, as well as the reduction of beneficial effects on the human organism. The antioxidant activity of cold pressed aronia juice, pasteurized sweet aronia syrup and liqueur obtained in double processing of aronia (candied aronia) was studied using the DPPH (1.1-diphenyl2-picrylhydrazyl radical) test. The cold pressed juice has shown a higher antioxidant activity compared to the pasteurized sweet syrup. It was noticed that the antioxidant activity of liqueur from candied aronia was preserved but markedly decreased. So far, fresh aronia has mainly been used for the liqueur production, but candied aronia has been proved as an appropriate raw material, too. The liqueur obtained in that way could be applied in food and beverage industry as a substitute for synthetic antioxidants, food colors and aromas.