Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of body mass index on injury pattern in polytrauma: thorax as the main source of complications

Background: Obesity is a growing problem in industrial nations. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the body mass index (BMI) and the pattern of injury after polytrauma. Methods: This retrospective study included 651 patients with an injury severity score (ISS) ≥16 and aged ≥16 years who were subdivided into three groups: BMI 30 kg/m2. The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) was used to quantify the injuries in the different anatomical regions. The Murray score was assessed at admission and at its maximum during hospitalization to evaluate pulmonary problems. Data are presented as means ± standard errors of the means. One way analysis of variance, χ2 test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for the analyses and the significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: The AIS of the thorax was 3.2 ± 0.1 in the BMI 30 kg/m2 group; p 30 kg/m2; p 30 kg/m2; p 30 kg/m2; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Overweight and obesity lead to a higher incidence of thoracic trauma in a polytrauma situation and may additionally handicap ventilation in an obstructive manner.
Messenger } “ arrange lunch ” examples “ schedule meeting ” “ book travel tickets ”

Users interact with mobile apps with certain intents such as finding a restaurant. Some intents and their corresponding activities are complex and may involve multiple apps; for example, a restaurant app, a messenger app and a calendar app may be needed to plan a dinner with friends. However, activities may be quite personal and third-party developers would not be building apps to specifically handle complex intents (e.g., a DinnerPlanner). Instead we want our intelligent agent to actively learn to understand these intents and provide assistance when needed. This paper proposes a framework to enable the agent to learn an inventory of intents from a small set of taskoriented user utterances. The experiments show that on previously unseen user activities, the agent is able to reliably recognize user intents using graph-based semi-supervised learning methods. The dataset, models, and the system outputs are available to research community.
Moses-based official baseline for NEWS 2016

Transliteration is the phonetic translation between two different languages. There are many works that approach transliteration using machine translation methods. This paper describes the official baseline system for the NEWS 2016 workshop shared task. This baseline is based on a standard phrase-based machine translation system using Moses. Results are between the range of best and worst from last year’s workshops providing a nice starting point for participants this year.
Report of a Brazilian Multicenter Study on Nephropathic Cystinosis

Introduction: The Brazilian Multicenter Nephropathic Study Group, founded in 1999, is currently composed of 16 pediatric nephrology units, which are coordinated by the Pediatric Nephrology Unit of Instituto da Criança – HCFMUSP. This Study Group intends to better know our patients, their special characteristics and facilitates the treatment. Objective: To present an update on the demographics of the ongoing study participants with interest on renal function status, response to therapy, and extra-renal complications. Methods: Patient recruitment to the study is based on informed consent and has been supported by the Brazilian Society of Nephrology, by the creation of an electronic homepage and by the participation in medical meetings and publications in medical periodicals. Our study protocol involves the initial and follow-up questionnaire, the measurement of intraleukocyte cystine content, initiation and follow-up therapy with cysteamine, and clinical patient follow-up based on a protocol of subsidiary exams. Results: We identified 102 patients (42 females) with nephropathic cystinosis in Brazil since 1999. Forty-six children are followed at the Instituto da Criança/SP, 15 at the Hospital Pequeno Príncipe/PR, 12 at the UNICAMP/SP, 10 at the Unidade de Transplante Renal – HCFMUSP/SP and 3 at the Santa Casa/SP; the remaining patients are followed at the Instituto da Criança and at their respective doctors’ offices in different nephrology services in Brazil. Of these patients, 23/102 (22.5%) have normal renal function, 19/102 (18.6%) are in chronic renal failure with conservative treatment, 26/102 are on dialysis (18 on peritoneal dialysis and 8 on hemodialysis), and 34/102 received a renal transplant. The extra-renal involvement diagnosed was: hypothyroidism in 63 patients, diabetes mellitus in 8 patients, muscular involvement in 7 patients, a compromised central nervous system in 5 patients, hepatic complications in 5 patients, and deglutition dysfunction in 2 patients. During this period, 10/102 patients died. Cysteamine has been used by 81/102 patients (20 children started the therapy under 2 years of age). Growth parameters were improved by cysteamine, mainly in the youngest patients. We used recombinant growth hormone in 15 patients with persistent low growth velocity and stature z score under 2.5%. We could also observe a delay in appearance of extra-renal complications in patients receiving cysteamine. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the importance of a multi-center study for recruitment, diagnosis and management of rare diseases. This study promotes access to the adequate treatment with profound impact on the quality of life.
Variation at the DAOA / G 30 Locus Influences Susceptibility to Major Mood Episodes but Not Psychosis in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Nigel M. Williams, PhD; Elaine K. Green, PhD; Stuart Macgregor, PhD; Sarah Dwyer, BSc; Nadine Norton, PhD; Hywel Williams, PhD; Rachel Raybould, BSc; Detelina Grozeva, MSc; Marian Hamshere, PhD; Stanley Zammit, PhD, MRCPsych; Lisa Jones, PhD; Alastair Cardno, PhD, MRCPsych; George Kirov, PhD, MRCPsych; Ian Jones, PhD, MRCPsych; Michael C. O’Donovan, PhD, FRCPsych; Michael J. Owen, PhD, FRCPsych; Nick Craddock, PhD, FRCPsych
Heterozygosity‐Fitness Correlations and Inbreeding Depression in Two Critically Endangered Mammals

The relation among inbreeding, heterozygosity, and fitness has been studied primarily among outbred populations, and little is known about these phenomena in endangered populations. Most researchers conclude that the relation between coefficient of inbreeding estimated from pedigrees and fitness traits (inbreeding‐fitness correlations) better reflects inbreeding depression than the relation between marker heterozygosity and fitness traits (heterozygosity‐fitness correlations). However, it has been suggested recently that heterozygosity‐fitness correlations should only be expected when inbreeding generates extensive identity disequilibrium (correlations in heterozygosity and homozygosity across loci throughout the genome). We tested this hypothesis in Mohor gazelle (Gazella dama mhorr) and Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus). For Mohor gazelle, we calculated the inbreeding coefficient and measured heterozygosity at 17 microsatellite loci. For Iberian lynx, we measured heterozygosity at 36 microsatellite loci. In both species we estimated semen quality, a phenotypic trait directly related to fitness that is controlled by many loci and is affected by inbreeding depression. Both species showed evidence of extensive identity disequilibrium, and in both species heterozygosity was associated with semen quality. In the Iberian lynx the low proportion of normal sperm associated with low levels of heterozygosity was so extreme that it is likely to limit the fertility of males. In Mohor gazelle, although heterozygosity was associated with semen quality, inbreeding coefficient was not. This result suggests that when coefficient of inbreeding is calculated on the basis of a genealogy that begins after a long history of inbreeding, the coefficient of inbreeding fails to capture previous demographic information because it is a poor estimator of accumulated individual inbreeding. We conclude that among highly endangered species with extensive identity disequilibrium, examination of heterozygosity‐fitness correlations may be an effective way to detect inbreeding depression, whereas inbreeding‐fitness correlations may be poor indicators of inbreeding depression if the pedigree does not accurately reflect the history of inbreeding.
Disturbed Population Genetics: Suspected Introgressive Hybridization between Two Mnais Damselfly Species (Odonata)

Abstract Mnais costalis and M. pruinosa are damselflies (Odonata: Calopterygidae) with low dispersal abilities, both during their aquatic stream-living immature stage and their flying adult stage. A previous nuclear DNA (nDNA) sequencing and morphology study showed that these two species are very closely related, and cohabit widely in western Japan. The two species, however, segregate microhabitats along a stream: M. costalis lives in the lower reaches, and M. pruinosa in the upper reaches. In this study, our analyses were based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which usually mutates faster and is more variable among individuals than nDNA, and which is inherited maternally. We found that most COI haplotypes were shared between the two species, and that for most study sites interspecific riverine genetic structures were not clarified by mtDNA analysis. Incongruent population genetic structures based on nDNA and mtDNA suggested hybridization and introgression of mtDNA between the two species.
Feeding by Leucopis argenticollis and Leucopis piniperda (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae) from the western USA on Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) in the eastern USA

Abstract Leucopis argenticollis (Zetterstedt) and Leucopis piniperda (Malloch) are known to feed on the lineage of Adelges tsugae Annand that is native to western North America, but it is not known if they will survive on the lineage that was introduced from Japan to the eastern USA. In 2014, western Leucopis spp. larvae were brought to the laboratory and placed on A. tsugae collected in either Washington (North American A. tsugae lineage) or Connecticut (Japanese lineage). There were no significant differences in survival or developmental times between flies reared on the two different adelgid lineages. In 2015 and 2016, western Leucopis spp. adults were released at two different densities onto enclosed branches of A. tsugae infested eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. ) in Tennessee and New York. Cages were recovered and their contents examined 4 weeks after release at each location. Leucopis spp. larvae and puparia of the F1 generation were recovered at both release locations and adults of the F1 generation were collected at the Tennessee location. The number of Leucopis spp. offspring collected increased with increasing adelgid density, but did not differ by the number of adult flies released. Flies recovered from cages and flies collected from the source colony were identified as L.argenticollis and L. piniperda using DNA barcoding. These results demonstrate that Leucopis spp. from the Pacific Northwest are capable of feeding and developing to the adult stage on A. tsugae in the eastern USA and they are able to tolerate environmental conditions during late spring and early summer at the southern and northern extent of the area invaded by A. tsugae in the eastern USA.
Efficacy of Electronic Hormonal Monitoring plus Cervical Mucus Monitoring as a Method to Avoid Pregnancy

Researchers and clinicians at Marquette University developed a method of Natural Family Planning (NFP) that utilizes self-monitoring of cervical mucus along with an electronic hormonal fertility monitor (EHFM) as a double check for the beginning and end of the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle. The EHFM is a hand held device that reads a threshold level of urinary metabolites of estrogen (estrone 3 glucuronide) and luteinizing hormone (LH; on test strips) and provides the user with a low, high, and peak reading of fertility. The monitor is sold in the United States as a method to help couples achieve pregnancy but can be used as an aid to track fertility.
Depression with atypical features and increase in obesity, body mass index, waist circumference, and fat mass: a prospective, population-based study.

IMPORTANCE Depression and obesity are 2 prevalent disorders that have been repeatedly shown to be associated. However, the mechanisms and temporal sequence underlying this association are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the subtypes of major depressive disorder (MDD; melancholic, atypical, combined, or unspecified) are predictive of adiposity in terms of the incidence of obesity and changes in body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), waist circumference, and fat mass. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective population-based cohort study, CoLaus (Cohorte Lausannoise)/PsyCoLaus (Psychiatric arm of the CoLaus Study), with 5.5 years of follow-up included 3054 randomly selected residents (mean age, 49.7 years; 53.1% were women) of the city of Lausanne, Switzerland (according to the civil register), aged 35 to 66 years in 2003, who accepted the physical and psychiatric baseline and physical follow-up evaluations. EXPOSURES Depression subtypes according to the DSM-IV. Diagnostic criteria at baseline and follow-up, as well as sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle (alcohol and tobacco use and physical activity), and medication, were elicited using the semistructured Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Changes in body mass index, waist circumference, and fat mass during the follow-up period, in percentage of the baseline value, and the incidence of obesity during the follow-up period among nonobese participants at baseline. Weight, height, waist circumference, and body fat (bioimpedance) were measured at baseline and follow-up by trained field interviewers. RESULTS Only participants with the atypical subtype of MDD at baseline revealed a higher increase in adiposity during follow-up than participants without MDD. The associations between this MDD subtype and body mass index (β = 3.19; 95% CI, 1.50-4.88), incidence of obesity (odds ratio, 3.75; 95% CI, 1.24-11.35), waist circumference in both sexes (β = 2.44; 95% CI, 0.21-4.66), and fat mass in men (β = 16.36; 95% CI, 4.81-27.92) remained significant after adjustments for a wide range of possible cofounding. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The atypical subtype of MDD is a strong predictor of obesity. This emphasizes the need to identify individuals with this subtype of MDD in both clinical and research settings. Therapeutic measures to diminish the consequences of increased appetite during depressive episodes with atypical features are advocated.
Physiological inhibitors of the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase: effect of MgATP on protein-protein interactions.

The catalytic (C) subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase interacts with two classes of inhibitors. The regulatory (R) subunits, types I and II, associate to form an inactive holoenzyme complex that is activated in response to cAMP. The C-subunit is also inhibited by small heat-stable protein kinase inhibitors (PKI's). Inhibition by both PKI and RI-subunit requires the synergistic high-affinity binding of MgATP. The stabilizing effect of ATP was quantitated by using analytical gel chromatography. Both the type I holoenzyme and the C.PKI complex in the presence of MgATP show apparent Kd's for subunit association that are below 0.1 nM, while in the absence of MgATP the apparent Kd's are 125 nM and 2.3 microM, respectively, for the two complexes. In the absence of MgATP both complexes also can be dissociated readily and, hence, activated by salt-induced dissociation. Under physiological salt concentrations, salt-induced dissociation would be substantial in the absence of the high-affinity binding of MgATP. In both complexes, the ATPase activity of the free C-subunit is abolished. The off rates for MgATP also indicate that the type I holoenzyme is more stable than the C.PKI complex. The off rate (t1/2) for MgATP from the C.PKI complex is 17 min, while the off rate for the type I holoenzyme is 11.7 h. When the C.PKI complex is incubated with RI-subunit in the presence or absence of MgATP, the C-subunit preferentially reassociates with the RI-subunit, forming holoenzyme. In contrast, free PKI cannot compete for the C-subunit when it is part of a holoenzyme complex. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
PmrD Is Required for Modifications to Escherichia coli Endotoxin That Promote Antimicrobial Resistance

ABSTRACT In Salmonella enterica, PmrD is a connector protein that links the two-component systems PhoP-PhoQ and PmrA-PmrB. While Escherichia coli encodes a PmrD homolog, it is thought to be incapable of connecting PhoPQ and PmrAB in this organism due to functional divergence from the S. enterica protein. However, our laboratory previously observed that low concentrations of Mg2+, a PhoPQ-activating signal, leads to the induction of PmrAB-dependent lipid A modifications in wild-type E. coli (C. M. Herrera, J. V. Hankins, and M. S. Trent, Mol Microbiol 76:1444–1460, 2010, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07150.x). These modifications include phosphoethanolamine (pEtN) and 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose (l-Ara4N), which promote bacterial resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) when affixed to lipid A. Here, we demonstrate that pmrD is required for modification of the lipid A domain of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) under low-Mg2+ growth conditions. Further, RNA sequencing shows that E. coli pmrD influences the expression of pmrA and its downstream targets, including genes coding for the modification enzymes that transfer pEtN and l-Ara4N to the lipid A molecule. In line with these findings, a pmrD mutant is dramatically impaired in survival compared with the wild-type strain when exposed to the CAMP polymyxin B. Notably, we also reveal the presence of an unknown factor or system capable of activating pmrD to promote lipid A modification in the absence of the PhoPQ system. These results illuminate a more complex network of protein interactions surrounding activation of PhoPQ and PmrAB in E. coli than previously understood.
F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose chest uptake in lung inflammation and infection.

PURPOSE F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) may accumulate at sites of inflammation or infection, making interpretation of whole-body scans difficult in patients with cancer. METHODS More than 650 whole-body positron emission tomographic (PET) scans performed to examine patients with cancer were reviewed to identify uptake in pulmonary infection or inflammation based on the appearance of F-18 FDG chest uptake, chest radiographs, computed tomography, or all of these. RESULTS Ten patients had uptake in benign lung disease. Eight patients had head and neck tumors and two patients had breast cancer. Intense focal or multifocal F-18 FDG chest uptake was seen in 6 of 10 scans. This was difficult to distinguish from pulmonary metastases based on the scan appearance. However, in the remaining patients, the uptake was atypical for malignancy and displayed an apical, segmental, or lobar pattern. In all patients, the F-18 FDG lung uptake corresponded to benign radiologic changes (infiltration, consolidation, or atelectasis), and the final diagnosis was pulmonary inflammation or infection. Nine patients were asymptomatic and one patient had clinical aspiration pneumonia. Follow-up PET scans were performed in five patients to evaluate their conditions. Chest uptake disappeared completely in three patients and partially in two patients, and there were no new findings. Variable degrees of F-18 FDG chest uptake have been reported with more than 40 different benign causes. They can be classified based on the underlying mechanism into four major categories: 1) Inflammation or infection, 2) benign tumor, 3) physiologic activity, and 4) iatrogenic. Most of these false-positive cases are included in the first category. CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary infection or inflammation might predispose patients to localized F-18 FDG chest uptake mimicking pulmonary metastases and limiting the specificity of whole-body scans performed in patients with cancer.
Orthogonal matching pursuit for VHR image reconstruction

Reconstructing missing data in very high resolution (VHR) multispectral images represents a complex image processing challenge. In this paper, we propose a new method for the reconstruction of areas obscured by clouds. It is based on compressive sensing (CS) theory, which allows to find sparse signal representations in underdetermined linear equation systems. In particular a common CS solution is adopted for our reconstruction problem: the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) method. To illustrate the performances of the proposed method, a through experimental analysis on FORMOSAT-2 multispectral images is reported and discussed. It includes a simulation study and a comparison with a state-of-the-art technique for cloud removal.
Functional analysis of the V gamma 3 promoter of the murine gamma delta T-cell receptor

The initial day 14 wave of fetal thymocytes express a gamma delta T-cell receptor (TCR). This surface TCR is generated by preferential rearrangement of V gamma 3 and V delta 1 recombination segments. To delineate the role of regulatory sequences in this expression, we have analyzed the V gamma 3 promoter control region under the regulation of its cognate C gamma 1 enhancer. Transcription initiates 25 bases downstream from a TATTAA sequence at a consensus initiator motif. The minimal 5' promoter sequences supporting expression by transient analysis extend -243 nucleotides from the +1 start site. Three regulatory sequences in this region have been defined by deletion and mutagenesis: a consensus CTF/NF-1 site at -55, an Ets homology sequence at -65, and a degenerate, but crucial, SP-1 site at -100. The presence of additional sequences downstream of the start site which extend through the leader intron were necessary for expression. In contrast to other TCR or immunoglobulin variable regions, one or more strong upstream suppressor sequences resembling silencer elements have been observed. A 311-bp fragment, positions -586 to -897, exhibited strong repressing activity regardless of orientation when placed upstream of heterologous promoters.
Advances in Brief Association of Homozygous Wild-Type Glutathione S-Transferase M 1 Genotype with Increased Breast Cancer Risk

More than 500 studies have examined the association of the glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) genotype with various malignancies yielding inconsistent results. The genotyping was based on a PCR assay that identified the GSTM1 null ( / ) genotype but did not distinguish homozygous wild-type ( / ) and heterozygous ( / ) individuals. We developed an assay that allowed the definition of / , / , and / genotypes by separate identification of wild-type and null alleles, which were found with frequencies of 0.225 and 0.775, respectively, in Caucasian women. We applied the new assay to a breast cancer case-control study and identified the / genotype in 14 (6.9%) of 202 control subjects compared with 37 (18.2%) of 203 patients. Compared with women with the / genotype, the relative risk of breast cancer for the / genotype was 2.83 (95% confidence interval, 1.45–5.59; P 0.002), suggesting a protective effect of the GSTM1 deletion.
Nerve impulses increase glial intercellular permeability

Coordinating the activity of neurons and their satellite glial cells requires mechanisms by which glial cells detect neuronal activity and change their properties as a result. This study monitors the intercellular diffusion of the fluorescent dye Lucifer Yellow (LY), following its injection into glial cells of the frog optic neve, and demonstrates that nerve impulses increase the permeability of interglial gap junctions. Consequently, the spatial buffer capacity of the neuroglial cell syncytium for potassium, other ions, and small molecules will be enhanced; this may facilitate glial function in maintaining homeostasis of the neuronal microenvironment. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.