Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variable Selection and Updating In Model-Based Discriminant Analysis for High-Dimensional Data 1

AbstractA model-based discriminant analysis method that includes variable selection is pre-sented. The discriminant analysis model is ﬁtted in a semi-supervised manner usingboth labeled and unlabeled data. The method is shown to give excellent classiﬁca-tion performance on several high-dimensional multiclass datasets with more variablesthan observations. The variables selected by the proposed method provide informationabout which variables are meaningful for classiﬁcation purposes. A headlong searchstrategy for variable selection is shown to be eﬃcient in terms of computation andachieves excellent classiﬁcation performance. In applications to several food classiﬁca-tion datasets, our proposed method outperformed default implementations of RandomForests, AdaBoost and Bayesian Multinomial Regression by substantial margins.Keywords: Headlong search, model-based discriminant analysis, normal mixturemodels, semi-supervised learning, updating classiﬁcation rules, variable selection. ∗ Murphy was supported by Science Foundation of Ireland Basic Research Grant (04/BR/M0057) andResearch Frontiers Programme Grant (2007/RFP/MATF281). Raftery was supported by NICHD grant R01HD054511and NSF grantATM 0724721. All three authorswere supportedby NIH grant8 R01EB002137-02.
A Method for Species Comparison of Metabolic Networks Using Reaction Profile

Comparative analyses of the metabolic networks among different species provide important information regarding the evolution of organisms as well as pharmacological targets. In this paper, a method is proposed for comparing metabolic networks based on enzymatic reactions within different species. Specifically, metabolic networks are handled as sets of enzymatic reactions. Based on the presence or absence of metabolic reactions, the metabolic network of an organism is represented by a bit string comprised of the digits “1” and “0, ” called the “reaction profile. ” Then, the degree of similarity between bit strings is defined, followed by clustering of metabolic networks by different species. By applying our method to the metabolic networks of 33 representative organisms selected from bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes in the MetaCyc database, a phylogenetic tree was reconstructed that represents the similarity of metabolic network based on metabolic phenotypes.
The Copycat Project: An Experiment in Nondeterminism and Creative Analogies

Abstract : A micro-world is described, in which many analogies involving strikingly different concepts and levels of subtlety can be made. The question 'What differentiates the good ones from the bad ones? is discussed, and then the problem of how to implement a computational model of the human ability to come up with such analogies (and to have a sense for their quality) is considered. A key part of the proposed system, now under development, is its dependence on statistically emergent properties of stochastically interacting 'codelets' (small pieces of ready-to-run code created by the system, and selected at random to run with probability proportional to heuristically assigned 'urgencies'). Another key element is a network of linked concepts of varying levels of 'semanticity', in which activation spreads and indirectly controls the urgencies of new codelets. There is pressure in the system toward maximizing the degree of 'semanticity' or 'intensionality' of descriptions of structures, but many such pressures, often conflicting, must interact with one another, and compromises must be made.
The role of heads of department in cluster secondary schools in Singapore

GRACE LIM-CHAN CHEOW YONG TITLE: THE ROLE OF HEADS OF DEPARTMENT IN CLUSTER SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN SINGAPORE This study investigated the role of heads of department in Singapore cluster secondary schools against the backdrop of a major educational reform in the Singapore education system namely the implementation of the School Cluster system in 1997, and a host of new initiatives including self-appraisal of schools and performance appraisal in the education service. Heads of department in a school cluster participated in a questionnaire survey, and the findings were triangulated with data from interviews as well as documentary analysis. The study found that external educational policy changes such as the School Cluster system have transformed the management of schools with the formation of administrative school clusters and expanded the scope of the middle managers’ role with the creation of a collaborative cluster role for heads of department; and changing expectations in the internal appraisal of schools and the performance management of education officers have resulted in increasing emphasis on the leadership role of heads of department. However the increasing demands and expectations on the role of heads of department have not been matched with a corresponding increase of time and adequate training and professional development for heads of department to effectively carry out their role. The study has incorporated the findings within the unique internal and external contexts in which heads of department operate to propose a Singapore model of the role of heads of department in cluster secondary schools The model which has used contingency theory in explaining the work that heads of department do and built its components on the impact of recent policy changes in the Singapore Education Service provides a snapshot of the scope and complexity of the heads o f department’s role and its key determinants.
Change-Proneness of Software Components

In this research paper, we have done a statistical study on the factors that influence the rate of change of piece of code (class or groups of class of working together). After conducting systematic literature survey with stake holders of a various software development. It was found that during the life cycle of the application development ,it undergoes many organic changes due to change in objectives of building the software, and it is now normal that the software remains in continuous change and measuring change in the software process is critical for the software to remain in use as well as for its relevant, hence ,In this paper we have found the trend on which the change-proneness can be modeled as function, a relationship equation that can help us to predict what will happen (good or bad) if a particular metric value changes. Previous work have assumed that all trends relationship are linear in nature, while dataset collected for shows it is highly non- linear. Therefore, in our current research work we have found non-linear data fitting algorithm bi-square robust gives best possible results as it more accurate with realistic with trend and pass through most of test of significances ,thus we get a promising approach to measure change-proneness of the software development process .
Bevacizumab at first recurrence after standard radio-chemotherapy is associated with improved overall survival in glioblastoma patients with large tumor burden.

Background Since its approval for use in recurrent glioblastoma (GBM), the survival benefit of bevacizumab (Bev) remains to be demonstrated. To address this issue, we retrospectively examined survival from first recurrence in patients treated with Bev, lomustine (CCNU), or Bev/CCNU. Methods We identified 168 primary GBM patients diagnosed at UCLA and Kaiser Permanente LA who received upfront radio-chemotherapy, followed by Bev and/or CCNU at first recurrence. Three patient groups, contemporaneously diagnosed from 2009 through 2015, were identified: (1) patients treated with Bev alone (n = 49), (2) CCNU alone (CCNU 09-15) (n = 36), and (3) Bev/CCNU (n = 53). Another CCNU control group (n = 30) diagnosed from 2001 through 2004 (CCNU 01-04) was also derived. We measured tumor size at first recurrence treatment initiation, using bidimensional (2D) and volumetric (3D) techniques, and analyzed overall survival (OS) from first recurrence. Results Among the entire cohort, larger tumor size at first recurrence was associated with poorer survival. The CCNU 01-04 group had similar tumor size as the Bev arms and low Bev crossover (7%). Treatment with Bev was associated with improved survival in patients with large tumor 2D measurements: Median OS for Bev and Bev/CCNU groups were 6.71 mo (n = 27) and 6.97 mo (n = 36) vs 4.03 mo (n = 10) in CCNU 01-04. Analysis by 3D measurement yielded similar results. Interestingly, the CCNU 09-15 group showed the highest survival, likely due to smaller tumor size and crossover to Bev (69%). Conclusion Survival advantage from Bev treatment was observed only among patients with large tumor burden as determined by either 2D or 3D measurement.
Parental feeding style and childhood obesity

This thesis examines the association between parental feeding and children's eating behaviour and adiposity. Past research is inconsistent, with some studies finding that higher parental control is associated with adverse effects in terms of unhealthy food choices, disordered intake regulation and obesity, and others indicating positive effects. Discrepancies may relate to variability in parental control measures, sample characteristics and research methods. Study 1 examined the factor structure of two existing measures of parental feeding in 190 parents of 3-5 year olds, and Study 2 added interview and diary data in a sub-sample of these parents. Several distinct dimensions of parental control emerged and a wide range of motivations underlying feeding practices was apparent. In Studies 3 and 4, control was assessed using an improved measure in a socio-economically diverse sample of 541 parents. Pressuring to eat and instrumental feeding were more common in lower socio-economic (SES) parents, while restriction was more frequent with higher SES. Child adiposity was unassociated with restriction or instrumental feeding but negatively associated with pressure to eat. This relationship could be partly explained by parents' putting more pressure on thinner children with less appetite for food, although other explanations also fit the data. Study 5 added to the longitudinal literature on parental control, finding a negative prospective association between pressure to eat and weight gain from 4 to 7 years. Study 6 assessed regulation of intake over a two-part meal in a sample of 4-5 year olds, and found some evidence for a negative association between regulation and parental monitoring. Study 7 showed that children with slower eating rates and lower meal intakes had parents who exerted more pressure to eat, but found negligible associations between parental feeding and eating without hunger. The importance of these findings for understanding how parents influence children's weight is discussed.
Maintaining High Performance Across All Problem Sizes and Parallel Scales Using Microkernel-based Linear Algebra

Linear algebra underlies a large proportion of computational problems. With the continuous increase of scale on modern hardware, performance of small sized linear algebra has become increasingly important. To overcome the shortcomings of conventional approaches, we employ a new approach using a microkernel framework provided by ATLAS to improve the performance of a few linear algebra routines for all problem sizes. Our initial research consists of improving the performance of parallel LU factorization in ATLAS for which we were able to achieve up to 2.07x and 2.66x speedup for small problems, up to 91% and 87% of theoretical peak performance for asymptotic problems on a 12-core Intel Xeon and a 32-core AMD Opteron machine, respectively, outperforming all the state-of-the-art libraries at the time. Such performance was achieved via an exhaustive search of all the tuning parameters, which could take days. This motivated us to try to develop a computational model for our LU factorization that could predict those parameters by combining some basic empirical timings and a theoretical model based on the amount of required computations. While our model provided good prediction for mid-to-asymptotic sized problems, there were some unknown factors for small problems that could possibly be answered by extending the ATLAS tuning framework. While this extension is underway, we decided to pursue the model research using simpler serial BLAS-based approach. We investigated and implemented two Level-3 BLAS routines: TRSM and TRMM that are widely used primarily by LAPACK operations like the aforementioned LU factorization. With the microkernel-based approach, we were able to improve the performance of both routines by up to 15% and 73% for square and fat problems, respectively, over prior ATLAS implementations on modern hardware. Finally, with a collaborative research with ARM Inc., we improved the performance of the most important Level-3 BLAS operation GEMM in ATLAS by up to 53% via implementing microkernels
Mapping pastures in Eastern Australia with NOAA-AVHRR NDVI and Landsat TM data

Monthly NOAA-AVHRR NDVI data, and single date Landsat TM data at 10 sites within the AVHRR area, were used to classify pastoral land cover for the high rainfall zone of SE Australia for 1993. NDVI profiles and Landsat TM pixel compositions for typical pasture types are presented for a summer rainfall area in northern NSW and a seasonal Mediterranean climate in Western Victoria. Agreement between the classification and results of a survey of pasture types by professional agriculturalists is examined.
Snapshot Deficit Beamforming for Direction of Arrival Estimation gnisneS evisserpmoC yb

— Beamforming techniques for Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation have been a very promising research area for decades. Compressive Beamforming Technique based solutions give better resolution and robustness, compared to the traditional methods of beamforming. The basic idea of Compressive Sensing (CS) is that, the underlying sparse signal can be reconstructed from fewer samples than the Nyquist-Shannon theorem requires. In this paper various beamforming approaches has been discussed and is compared with the compressive beamforming technique. Beam patterns of traditional beamforming techniques such as Conventional Beamformer (CBF), Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) Beamformer and Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) beamformer has been simulated for angular estimation and compared with the ℓ 1 -minimization (ℓ 1 - svd) algorithm under various scenarios such as noisy conditions and single snapshot cases. Simulation results show that the compressive beamforming technique is able to estimate even the closely spaced targets under snapshot deficient cases where in the traditional approaches fails.
From Media Technologies That Reproduce Seconds to Media Technologies That Reproduce Thirds: A Peircean Perspective on Stylistic Fidelity and Style-Reproducing Computerized Algorithms

Against the backdrop of a long research tradition in linguistic and semiotic anthropology that has focused almost exclusively on media technologies that reproduce Seconds, that is, specific texts in modalities such as sound and the visual image, this article focuses on media technologies that reproduce Thirds, that is, generative dispositions responsible for the production of such Seconds. It explores contemporary attempts in the United States and France to develop computerized systems that, with the aid of specific algorithms, can abstract and enact the styles of different past jazz masters, as well as the styles of players who interactively improvise with such systems in real time. Drawing on Peircean semiotics, the article offers an analysis of these media technologies, their present application in the field of online consumption, and the cultural specificity of the Third that plays a key role in their development and reception, namely, style.
SEMG Based Study On The Difference In TheMuscle Strength Of A Half Paralytic PersonDue To Stroke

Surface Electromyography (sEMG) is a technology to measure the bio-potentials across the muscles. The true prospective of this technology is yet to be explored. In this paper, we used a simple and economically constructed sEMG sensor. These sensors were used to determine the differences in the Electromyography (EMG) signal patterns for investigating the loss in the muscle strength of a half paralytic person. Signals have been retrieved from the Flexor carpi radialis muscle of both the arms of a half paralytic person. The sEMG data acquisition is done using the soundcard of a computer, hence reducing the need of additional hardware. Finally, the data is used to analyze the relationship between electromyography and loss of strength due to paralysis. Our results clearly show the difference between muscle strength of the two hands, healthy hand and paralytic hand, of the same half paralytic individual.
A queueing network model with blocking: Analysis of congested patients flows in mental health systems

2002 iii DEDICATIONS I would like to dedicate this dissertation to my husband, Robert Wilen who gave me tremendous support throughout the dissertation period and spent significant time on proofreading, editing, and providing me with useful comments from his diverse background in business, public policy and management science. I also have to express my appreciation to his late father, Jerry, who gave me steady encouragement to complete my dissertation. of Public Health at Hyogo Medical College in Japan, who gave me constant moral and financial support during my graduate studies and the dissertation period. I will always have a great admiration for her. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Eri Kuno, of the University of Pennsylvania, who initially made me aware of the congestion situation in the Philadelphia mental health system and supported me throughout the work with her sector knowledge and the research experience. of time meeting with me, always responding to my questions quickly and dependably, and giving me guidance throughout the dissertation period. I greatly appreciate his assistance. I would also like to acknowledge one of my advisors, Dr. Michael Fu, of the University of Maryland, College Park, from whom I learned tremendously through this dissertation. I cannot thank Dr. Fu enough, who also spent an enormous amount of time helping me despite the fact that I have never been his student. The current trend toward downsizing and closing of state mental health institutions has led to an over-utilization of many local mental health facilities. This problem has often been exacerbated by a shortage of long-stay psychiatric hospitals and community-type accommodations. Many patients are spending extra days in unnecessarily intensive facilities, leading to congestion of these facilities. In the present study, an open queueing network model with blocking is applied to analyze such congestion processes. Here " blocking " denotes situations where patients are turned away from accommodations to which they are referred, and are thus forced to remain in their present facilities until space becomes available. Although traditional queueing models have been used in numerous healthcare studies, the inclusion of blocking is rarely found. This study specifically examines blocking in interrelated mental health facilities, including (a) acute hospitals (where patients wait to enter extended acute hospitals), (b) extended acute hospitals (where patients wait to enter residential facilities), and (c) residential facilities (where patients wait to enter supported housing). The Philadelphia mental health system is …
An efficient robust watermarking scheme for varying sized blocks

: The idea of partitioning a host image into small nonoverlapping blocks and embedding the watermark in these blocks based upon some property of the blocks has been in use for many years and is still very popular. While most of the watermarking techniques use a constant strength factor for the whole image, in the present watermarking scheme a (cid:13)exible strength factor is used, which is derived from the standard deviations of the discrete wavelet transform coeﬃcients of the selected high entropy nonoverlapping blocks. The presented watermarking scheme explains the reverse relationship between imperceptibility and robustness by various plots involving adjusting the parameter of strength factor. A watermarked image of any desired peak signal to noise ratio can be prepared very easily by using this scheme. Three versions of the proposed watermarking scheme are presented here. In the (cid:12)rst version the host image is partitioned into 8 (cid:2) 8 nonoverlapping blocks and these blocks are used in the watermarking. Similarly, in the second and third versions, the host image is partitioned into 16 (cid:2) 16 and 32 (cid:2) 32 blocks respectively for their use in watermarking. We compare the results of these three versions with other watermarking schemes and illustrate the greater robustness of all versions of our watermarking scheme. The novelty of the scheme lies in the use of three sizes of nonoverlapping blocks and the (cid:13)exible strength factor for every block of the image
The LITTLE WORK project

Supporting software has not kept pace with the micro-miniaturization of microprocessor-based machines. The predominant operating system on such machines is MS-DOS, with no support for distributed computing. The goal of the LITTLE WORK project is to use off-the-shelf components to develop a mobile computing environment that is identical to that encountered in the office environment. Components identified as critical building blocks are the computer, the operating system, the file system, and communication. Each is examined. Development of a prototype machine is described. <<ETX>>
Smartphone Usage in Patients with Optic Atrophy

In March 2012, we surveyed 12 visually impaired patients with optic atrophy about their knowledge and familiarity with smartphone technology. Demographic information was collected regarding age, race, gender, visual acuity, and ocular diagnosis. The age (mean ± SD)/mean ± SD age was 45.6 ± 14 years. Five of 12 (42%) patients used smartphones (mean age 35.6 ± 10 years) and 7 of 12 (58%) patients used a basic mobile phone (mean age 52.7 ± 12 years). The mean visual acuity of the smartphone users was 20/348 in the right eye and 20/369 in the left eye. The mean visual acuity of basic mobile phone users was 20/107 in the right eye and 20/93 in the left eye. Two of our smartphone users reported using a voice-activated assistant such as Siri on iPhone 4S. In our study, younger visually impaired optic atrophy patients were more likely to use smartphone technology (p = 0.05) despite their visual acuities being worse than the basic cell phone users. No patients in our study reported any recommendation from their low vision specialist concerning smartphone technology. Our results indicate that low vision specialists are not adequately educating visually impaired optic atrophy patients about features on smartphones that would improve their quality of life.