Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of Cu-line EM Lifetime Criteria Using Physically Based TCAD simulations

A physically based simulation methodology provides fast and practical EM lifetime prediction. We identified an “EM-aware” region to define the length dependence of Cu-lines under high current stress. For eventual calibration of 2× nm node Cu-lines, we analyzed the sensitivity trends of vacancy and void profiles as well as the mass transport mechanisms using a 3D TCAD tool. This includes electron flow dependency to explain line and via depletion effects for void formations under various EM stress conditions. We report a non-linearity in the length dependence on the EM failure jL product at ~9000 A/cm and a slight temperature dependence on the Blech Threshold (jL)c at ~2000 A/cm extracted at 300°C in the EM aware region.
Polymorphisms in Metabolism/Antioxidant Genes May Mediate the Effect of Dietary Intake on Pancreatic Cancer Risk

Objectives A source of variation for inconsistent dietary-pancreatic cancer associations may be individuals carrying constitutional metabolism/antioxidant gene variants that differentially benefit compared to homozygous individuals. Seventy-six tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped in 13 candidate genes to test differential associations with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Methods A clinic-based case-control design was used to rapidly ascertain 251 cases and 970 frequency matched controls who provided blood samples and completed a 144-item food frequency questionnaire. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms were evaluated using a dominant genetic model and dietary categories split on controls’ median intake. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for potential confounders. Results Significant increased associations (Bonferroni corrected P ⩽ 0.0007) were observed for carriers of greater than or equal to 1 minor allele for rs3816257 (glucosidase, &agr;; acid [GAA]) and lower intake of deep-yellow vegetables (1.90 [1.28-2.83]); and carriers of no minor allele for rs12807961 (catalase [CAT]) and high total grains intake (2.48 [1.50–4.09]), whereas those with greater than or equal to 1 minor allele had a decreasing slope (across grains). The reference group was no minor alleles with low dietary intake. Conclusions Interindividual variation in metabolism/antioxidant genes could interact with dietary intake to influence pancreatic cancer risk.
Prevalent Mutations of Human Prion Protein: A Molecular Modeling and Molecular Dynamics Study

Abstract Point mutations in the human prion protein gene, leading to amino acid substitutions in the human prion protein contribute to conversion of PrPC to PrPSc and amyloid formation, resulting in prion diseases such as familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease (GSS), and fatal familial insomnia. We have investigated impressions of prevalent mutations including Q217R, D202N, F198S, on the human prion protein and compared the mutant models with wild types. Structural analyses of models were performed with molecular modeling and molecular dynamics simulation methods. According to our results, frequently occurred mutations are observed in conserved and fully conserved sequences of human prion protein and the most fluctuation values occur in the Helix 1 around residues 144–152 and C-terminal end of the Helix 2. Our analysis of results obtained from MD simulation clearly shows that this long-range effect plays an important role in the conformational fluctuations in mutant structures of human prion protein. Results obtained from molecular modeling such as creation or elimination of some hydrogen bonds, increase or decrease of the accessible surface area and molecular surface, loss or accumulation of negative or positive charges on specific positions, and altering the polarity and pKa values, show that amino acid point mutations, though not urgently change the stability of PrP, might have some local impacts on the protein interactions which are required for oligomerization into fibrillar species.
3D triangular mesh matching through a sequence of registered 2D and 3D images

VR systems were traditionally used for tasks relying on high-quality graphics rendering where virtual environments were entirely made of user-defined objects. We are foreseeing that serious breakthroughs will emerge, where 'augmented reality' environments will be created in a more dynamic fashion, using 2D and 3D data from computer vision sensors. Thus, virtual environments will not be made exclusively of user-defined objects, but also from real data. This data, after proper modeling to provide some behaviour and abstraction levels, will then be used to feed high-performance imaging systems. This paper deals with: 1) local surface modeling of the 3D data visible from each 2D viewpoint using a modified marching cubes algorithm; and 2) region matching of the local models (from neighboring views in the sequence) using color region clustering information from the 2D snapshots. Local models and the region matching information are used to build complete global models from a sequence of images.
Evaluation of a new threshold visual field strategy, SITA, in normal subjects. Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm.

PURPOSE We developed a new family of test algorithms. This is an evaluation in normal subjects. METHODS One eye in each of twenty normal subjects, with a mean age of 37 years (range 26 to 59), was tested twice with each of the SITA, Full Threshold and Fastpac strategies of the Humphrey perimeter at 3 separate visits. Actual test times and number of stimulus exposures were compared. Test-retest variability and levels of threshold estimates were also calculated and compared between strategies. RESULTS In all subjects test times were shortest with SITA, 6.14 minutes in average, which was 50% as compared to Full Threshold (p<0.001) with an average of 12.27 minutes, and a reduction of 16% as compared to Fastpac (mean 7.28 minutes, p<0.0001). SITA required 287 stimulus exposures on the average, significantly fewer (p<0.0001) than corresponding numbers with Full Threshold (mean of 404), and significantly more (p<0.0001) than with Fastpac (average 240). SITA results showed significantly lower test-retest variability than results obtained with Fastpac (p=0.0002), and just as low as those of the Full Threshold strategy (p=0.0979). Threshold values obtained with SITA were slightly higher than those produced by the other two strategies. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm those of previously reported simulated tests, that improved test algorithms using advanced visual field models and mathematical analyses performed in real time may effectively shorten computerized perimetry tests, while achieving the same or better test quality than today's standard methods.
Characterization of Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Humans in Austria : Phenotypes , Toxin Gene Types and Epidemiology

M. Wagner, F. Allerberger, M. Manafi, G. Lindner, A. W. Friedrich, A. -K. Sonntag and H. Foissy Addresses of authors: Department of Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Hygiene, University of Medicine, Vienna, Austria; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Institute for Hygiene, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Corresponding author: E-mail: martin.wagner@vu-wien.ac. at
Alleviating the Cold Start Problem in Recommender Systems Based on Modularity Maximization Community Detection Algorithm

Recommender system (RS) has become a very important factor in many eCommerce sites. In our daily life, we rely on the recommendation from other persons either by word of mouth, recommendation letters, movie, item and book reviews printed in newspapers, etc. The typical Recommender Systems are software tools and techniques that provide support to people by identifying interesting products and services in online store. It also provides a recommendation for certain users who search for the recommendations. The most important open challenge in Collaborative filtering recommender system is the cold start problem. If the adequate or sufficient information is not available for a new item or users, the recommender system runs into the cold start problem. To increase the usefulness of collaborative recommender systems, it could be desirable to eliminate the challenge such as cold start problem. Revealing the community structures is crucial to understand and more important with the increasing popularity of online social networks. The community detection is a key issue in social network analysis in which nodes of the communities are tightly connected each other and loosely connected between other communities. Many algorithms like Givan-Newman algorithm, modularity maximization, leading eigenvector, walk trap, etc., are used to detect the communities in the networks. To test the community division is meaningful we define a quality function called modularity. Modularity is that the links within a community are higher than the expected links in those communities. In this paper, we try to give a solution to the cold-start problem based on community detection algorithm that extracts the community from the social networks and identifies the similar users on that network. Hence, within the proposed work several intrinsic details are taken as a rule of thumb to boost the results higher. Moreover, the simulation experiment was taken to solve the cold start problem.
Photonic crystals and resonators

In recent years, artificial optical materials and structures enabled the observation of various new optical effects and experiments. For example, photonic crystals are able to inhibit the propagation of certain light frequencies and provide the unique ability to guide light around very tight bends and along narrow channels. On the other hand, the high field strengths in optical microresonators lead to nonlinear optical effects that are important for future integrated optical networks. This chapter explains the basic underlying principles of these novel optical structures. For a more detailed overview the reader is refered to review articles and books listed in the references.
Video Summarization: Survey on Event Detection and Summarization in Soccer Videos

In today's world, the rapid development of digital video and editing technology has led to fast growing of video data, creating the need for effective and advanced techniques for analysis and video retrieval, as multimedia repositories have made browsing, delivery of contents (video) and video retrieval very slow. Hence, video summarization proposes various ways for faster browsing among a large amount of data and also for content indexing. Many people spend their free time to watch or play different sports like soccer, cricket, etc. but it is not possible to watch each and every game due to the longer timing of the game. In such cases, the users may just want to view the summary of the video that is just an abstract of the original video, instead of watching the whole video that provides more information about the occurrence of various incidents in the video. It is preferable to watch just highlights of the game or just review/trailer of a movie. Apparently, summarizing a video is an important process. In this paper, video summarization approaches are discussed, that can generate static or dynamic summaries. We present different techniques for each mode in literature. We have discussed some features used for generating video summaries. As soccer is the world’s most famous game played and watched, it is taken as a case study. Research done in this domain is discussed. We conclude that there is a broad perspective for further research in this field.
Case-based to content-based user model mediation

1 The University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel. Abstract. Systems providing personalized services to users have a need to build and maintain a User Model (UM). However, at the onset of providing services, such a system has no prior knowledge about a user and it may benefit from information imported from external sources. Due to lack of standards in the representation of UMs, commercial competition, and privacy issues, distinct personalized service-providing systems build their own specific models and store their information in incompatible manners. Thus, although much data on a specific user might exist in other systems; it is typically unavailable for use in the initial phase of the given system. This work puts forward the design of a user model mediation idea. This is demonstrated in an initial implementation in a specific system (Museum Visitors' guide system) under the PIL project, where the user is modelled by a "bag of words" vector and the initial information is imported from a case-based modelled user (in an external trip planning system).
The Halo Vest: An Evaluation of Motion and Forces Across the Neck

Flexion-extension motion and compression-distraction forces across the cervical spine were evaluated in 6 patients in halo vests and in 1 patient in a halo cast. Motion in the vest was evaluated in supine and upright positions and averaged 31% of normal motion at the levels tested. Compression-distraction forces showed great individual variation and frequent compression. The average distraction force varied in different positions by nearly 20 pounds in the vest and over 30 pounds in the cast. Methods of improving cervical spine stability in halo orthoses are discussed.
Hepatic erythropoietin response in cirrhosis

Abstract Background Erythropoietin (EPO) is produced in the liver during fetal life, but after birth the production shifts to the kidneys. The liver maintains a production capacity of 10% of the total EPO-production, but can be up-regulated to 100%. Previous studies have demonstrated both elevated and reduced concentrations of EPO in cirrhosis. Increased EPO concentrations could be expected due to anemia, hypoxia, renal hypoperfusion, or EPO-mediated hepatoprotective mechanisms. In contrast, poor hepatic production capacity may cause reduced EPO concentrations in cirrhosis. In the present paper we aimed to study hepatic and renal venous concentrations of EPO in relation to the severity of the disease. Materials and methods We included 24 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and eight age-matched healthy controls. All had a full catheterization performed with the determination of EPO concentrations in the hepatic, renal and femoral veins and artery. All patients were clinically, biochemically, and hemodynamically characterized. Results The median arterial EPO concentrations in the cirrhotic patients and controls were 7.1 mIU/mL (range 3.5–179) and 7.2 mIU/mL (range 3.8–15.3), respectively. In the patient group we found no significant correlations to stage of disease of hemodynamic derangement. Conclusion We found no significant differences in EPO concentrations across the liver, kidney, or peripheral circulation in the patient or control groups; and no significant correlations to clinical, biochemical, or hemodynamic characteristics. This suggests that hepatic EPO synthesis is not enhanced in cirrhosis, but larger scale studies are needed to clarify this question.
Phonological short-term memory, language and literacy: developmental relationships in early adolescence in young people with SLI.

BACKGROUND Research has consistently documented a relationship between phonological short-term memory skills (STM) and specific language impairment (SLI). This study reports on the development of phonological STM abilities over 3 years in 80 young adolescents with a history of SLI, investigating the nature of the relationship between phonological STM abilities and language and literacy skills, and vice versa. METHODS Tests of nonverbal ability, expressive and receptive language, reading and nonword repetition were administered at 11 and 14 years of age. RESULTS There was striking longitudinal stability of phonological STM capacity in young people with SLI. This finding was consistent for the group as a whole, for subgroups, and at the individual level. Regression analyses revealed reciprocal relationships between phonological STM abilities and language/literacy measures. In particular, phonological STM abilities contributed significantly to later expressive language skills and basic reading skills contributed to later phonological STM abilities. Poor phonological STM abilities related to Expressive-Receptive profiles of SLI (ER-SLI) and to the presence of reading difficulties. CONCLUSIONS Relationships among the processes involved in language, literacy and memory in young adolescents with SLI indicate complex reciprocal interactions across development.
Design of facial features based hospital admission using GSM

A critically injured person when reaches the hospital has to go through many official formalities. The proposed system aims at preventing the further delay of form filling using automatic face recognition with blood system. Database of all the patients are collected on the basis of their previous medical history records. The patient is passed through the black box which completely scans and detects the patient's identity and fills the form along with the patients past medical history. The project also comes along with the facility of reducing time for completing police formalities i.e. a SMS is sent directly to nearest police station in case of extreme blood found on face. The person's relatives are also informed through SMS. This project proves beneficial tool to the doctor for saving life of critically injured patient.
Sensorless vector control for BLDC machine

Vector control of electrical machines deliver better performance and efficiency when compared to traditional driving methods, however they demand constant precise angular position measurement through sensors that add cost to the system. In this work the vector control of the BLDC machine is investigated, considering the added drawbacks given by the trapezoidal waveform of the BEMF. Position estimation is given through the analysis and adjustment using PLLs of the BEMF estimated by means of a Kalman filter, then Field Oriented Control is applied with the dqx coordinate transform in order to achieve high efficiency and low torque ripple. Simulations of the developed system demonstrate the effectiveness of the estimator, with low estimation error, allowing for good dynamic response of the controller.
Effects of rhubarb and the active ingredients of rhubarb on the cytoplasmic free calcium in INT-MNC of rabbits.

The recent studies have shown that rhubarb has not only the effect of removing stasis by purgation, but also intestinal barrier effects[1,2]. In order to further clarify the intestinal barrier mechanism of rhubarb, we studied the effects of rhubarb decoction and the active ingredients of rhubarb on the cytoplasmic free calcium in isolated intestinal mononuclear cells (INT-MNC).
Evaluation of efficacy of prion reduction filters using blood from an endogenously infected 263K scrapie hamster model

The P‐Capt prion reduction filter (MacoPharma) removes prion infectivity in model systems. This independent evaluation assesses prion removal from endogenously infected animal blood, using CE‐marked P‐Capt filters, and replicates the proposed use of the filter within the UK Blood Services.
Unsuitable distinction between viable and dead Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis by ethidium bromide monoazide

Aims: The DNA‐intercalating dye ethidium bromide monoazide (EMA) has recently been used as a DNA binding agent to differentiate viable and dead bacterial cells by selectively penetrating through the damaged membrane of dead cells and blocking the DNA amplification during the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We optimized and tested the assay in vitro using Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis cultures to distinguish viable from dead bacteria, with the goal of reducing false positive PCR results.
Glassware crack defects detection based on wavelet transform

An algorithm for detecting and extracting crack defects in glassware using wavelet transform is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the canny image segmentation and the local adaptive dynamic threshold segmentation are carried out on the glassware image with unobvious crack defects. Then, the wavelet decomposition is applied separately on the segmented images. And finally the wavelet fusion is used to extract the crack defects. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm works well in detecting glassware crack defects.
Analysing Redundancies in World-Wide-Web

The World Wide Web is one of the most relevant Internet applications, and it is an important tool for our daily lives. Although it is widely improved over time, the current web access is still limited by two factors; the poor infrastructure in developing countries and the increasing bandwidth demand for services such as cloud computing or video streaming. Web caches have become a feasible solution to increase web access since improving network infrastructure is very expensive. Multiple studies in past years aimed to characterize web traffic in order to improve web caching. However, the WWW evolves very fast and previous studies about it may not be reliable anymore. Moreover, many of the studies are based on passive measurements by collecting traces at the edge of an organization. Past studies have not analysed the change rate of web content over time, which is relevant information for assessing benefits of caching. This thesis studies present web traffic and how caching systems can benefit from it. We have developed an active measurement system that downloads popular web pages at short time intervals. We analyse this data set from two different points of view: compare old published web traffic and examine dynamic changes of web content. Finally, we investigate the unchanged content of this data set using both caching approaches traditional web caching and packet caching. Among our findings, we observe similar bandwidth saving for both approaches as well as an increasing number of objects per page.
Automatic detection of saccadic eye movements using EOG for analysing effects of cognitive distraction during driving

Driver distraction is a relevant driving safety issue and an ongoing field of research. A particular distraction is cognitive distraction, which refers to when the driver is mentally engaged in a task unrelated to driving, e.g. talking to a passenger. Eye movements can be analyzed to study effects of cognitive distraction during driving, and are typically recorded using video-based eye tracker systems. An alternative technique that might be suitable for eye movements measurements during driving is the electro-oculography (EOG). EOG is a method for recording the electrical signal of the eyes as they move. One interesting eye movement in cognitive distraction studies is the saccade, the rapid movement of the eye from one point of interest to another. The primary purpose of this thesis is to develop an algorithm for automatic detection of saccades using EOG. The resulting algorithm is a combination of two modified existing eye detection algorithms, namely Continuous Wavelet Transform Saccade Detection (CWT-SD) and Shape Features. It is found that the developed algorithm can be used in driving environments if good signal quality can be assured. The secondary purpose of this thesis is to investigate how cognitive distraction affects saccadic rate and amplitude during driving. The findings suggest a statistically significant decrease in saccadic rate during cognitive load but not in saccade amplitude. However, further research on bigger datasets and different driving scenarios is needed to verify the results.