Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimized Periodical Charging in Large-Scale Deployed WSNs

Restricted by finite battery energy, traditional wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can only maintain for a limited period of time, resulting in serious performance bottleneck in long-term deployment of WSN. Fortunately, the advancement in the wireless energy transfer technology provides a potential to free WSNs from limited energy supply and remain perpetual operational. A mobile charger called wireless charging vehicle (WCV) is employed to periodically charge each sensor node and keep its energy level above the minimum threshold. Aiming at maximizing the ratio of the WCV's vocation time over the cycle time as well as guaranteeing the perpetual operation of networks, we proposes a feasible and optimal solution to this issue within the context of a real-time large-scale deployed WSN.
A randomized study of two physiotherapeutic approaches after knee ligament reconstruction

Little is known about whether physiotherapeutic knee classes provide additional benefits in the rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). In the present randomized study, we compare the results of a hospital-based programme, Knee-class Therapy (KT), with an individual programme with limited physiotherapy appointments, Guided Therapy (GT), 6 and 12 months after knee surgery, in terms of function, activity level, muscle strength, knee-joint stability and knee-joint mobility. After ACLR, 24 patients were randomized to the KT group and 27 to the GT group. Fourteen patients in the KT group and 24 in the GT group completed the physiotherapy appointments as prescribed. At 6 months after surgery, the median Lysholm knee score was significantly higher in the KT group. At the 12-month follow-up, the GT group's improvement in the Lysholm knee score was significantly greater than the KT group's. Non-compliance was high in the KT group. The subgroup analysis of the non-compliers in the KT group showed that their improvement in the Lysholm knee score between 0 and 12 months was significantly greater than that of the KT group's compliers. These results could indicate that an individual exercise programme with limited physiotherapy appointments might be as effective as physiotherapeutic knee classes.
A Lightweight DDoS Flooding Attack Detection Algorithm Based on Synchronous Long Flows

DDoS flooding attack is one of the top threats to the Internet. However, due to the fast development of the Internet, current detection algorithms are already inadequate to meet the growth of network traffic. In this paper, we propose a lightweight algorithm. We first observe the real Internet traffic, and find that flows of DDoS flooding attack traffic are persistent and synchronous while most flows of normal traffic are short-lived and non- synchronous. According to this difference, we propose our detection algorithm. We label the alarms firstly and then confirm the attack. Our algorithm is lightweight and sensitive to the ongoing attack. However, randomly spoofing the IP address of the attack source to different IP addresses can hide the synchronization of attack flows. Thus, we add a spoofing IP detection algorithm called hop-count filter (HCF) to our algorithm to strengthen the robustness. At last, we evaluate our detection algorithm based on the real Internet traffic from CAIDA. Results show that our detection algorithm has a high accuracy (93.3%), no false positive in attack confirmation and just 1.1% false positive rate in labeling alarms. In addition, we analyze the challenges we may face when dealing with distributed LDoS attack.
Methods for the Efficient Calculation of the (Mhd) Magnetohydrodynamic Stability Properties of Magnetically Confined Fusion Plasmas

A magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model is applied to the problem of the stability of magnetically confined ther monuclear plasmas of interest in the pursuit of fusion power. Previous studies limited to two-dimensional con figurations are here generalized to three-dimensional toroidal plasmas. Using finite Fourier representations in the angle coordinates and finite hybrid elements in the radial direction, we solve the discretized Euler-Lagrange equations to determine the linear stability properties of the plasma.
Hyperspectral Image Processing by Jointly Filtering Wavelet Component Tensor

Denoising is an important preprocessing step for several applications in the hyperspectral imaging (HSI) domain, such as classification and target detection, to achieve good performances. Because the signal-dependent photonic noise has become as dominant as the signal-independent noise generated by the electronic circuitry in HSI data collected by new-generation hyperspectral sensors, the reduction of the additive signal-dependent photonic noise becomes the focus of the current research in this field. To reduce the optoelectronic noise from HSIs, a new method is developed in this paper. First, a prewhitening procedure is proposed to whiten noise in HSIs. Second, a multidimensional wavelet packet transform (MWPT) in tensor form is presented to find different component tensors of the HSI. Then, to jointly filter a component tensor in each mode, a multiway Wiener filter is introduced. Moreover, to determine the best transform level and basis of the MWPT, a risk function is proposed. The effectiveness of our method in denoising and classification is experimentally demonstrated on a real-world HSI acquired by an airborne sensor.
Spatially selective depletion of tumor-associated regulatory T cells with near-infrared photoimmunotherapy

CD25-targeted near-infrared photoimmunotherapy depletes Tregs and promotes tumor regression. Photobombing Tregs T regulatory cells, or Tregs for short, are immunosuppressive cells that not only suppress excess inflammation but also interfere with anticancer immunity. Sato et al. developed a way to selectively deplete Tregs in tumors to promote antitumor effects while minimizing the risk of autoimmunity. To achieve this goal, the authors used a method termed near-infrared photoimmunotherapy, where part of an antibody that recognizes Tregs is fused to a light-sensitive dye, and shining near-infrared light on the tumor activates the antibody and triggers killing of the Tregs. Mice subjected to this treatment not only killed the targeted tumor but also could even destroy untreated tumors of the same type located in other parts of the body, suggesting the potential for treatment of metastatic disease. Current immunotherapies for cancer seek to modulate the balance among different immune cell populations, thereby promoting antitumor immune responses. However, because these are systemic therapies, they often cause treatment-limiting autoimmune adverse effects. It would be ideal to manipulate the balance between suppressor and effector cells within the tumor without disturbing homeostasis elsewhere in the body. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are well-known immunosuppressor cells that play a key role in tumor immunoevasion and have been the target of systemic immunotherapies. We used CD25-targeted near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) to selectively deplete Tregs, thus activating CD8 T and natural killer cells and restoring local antitumor immunity. This not only resulted in regression of the treated tumor but also induced responses in separate untreated tumors of the same cell line derivation. We conclude that CD25-targeted NIR-PIT causes spatially selective depletion of Tregs, thereby providing an alternative approach to cancer immunotherapy.
TerraSAR-X Stereo Radargrammetry and Airborne Scanning LiDAR Height Metrics in Imputation of Forest Aboveground Biomass and Stem Volume

Our objective is to evaluate the boreal forest aboveground biomass (AGB) and stem volume (VOL) imputation accuracy when scanning LiDAR or TerraSAR-X stereo radargrammetry-derived point-height metrics are used as predictors in the nearest neighbor imputation approach. Treewise measured field plots are used as reference data in the AGB and VOL imputations and accuracy evaluations. The digital terrain model (DTM) that is produced by the National Land Survey of Finland is used to obtain aboveground elevation values for the TerraSAR-X stereo radargrammetry. The DTM that is used (i.e., grid size 2 m) is derived from LiDAR surveys with an average point density of ~ 0.5 points/m2. The respective DTM and point data are used in LiDAR imputations of AGB and VOL. The relative root mean square errors (RMSEs) for AGB and VOL are 29.9% (41.3 t/ha) and 30.2% (78.1 m3/ha) when using TerraSAR-X stereo radargrammetry metrics. The respective LiDAR estimation accuracy values are 21.9% (32.3 t/ha) and 24.8% (64.2 m3/ha). LiDAR imputations are clearly more accurate than imputations that are made by using TerraSAR-X stereo radargrammetry metrics. However, the difference between imputation accuracies of LiDAR- and TerraSAR X-based features are smaller than in any previous study in which LiDAR and different types of synthetic aperture radar materials are compared in the variable predictions regarding forests. We conclude that TerraSAR X stereo radargrammetry is a promising remote-sensing technique for large forest-area AGB and VOL mapping and monitoring when an accurate LiDAR-based DTM is available.
Capacity of the Gaussian Two-Hop Full-Duplex Relay Channel with Self-Interference

In this paper, we investigate the capacity of the Gaussian two-hop full-duplex (FD) relay channel with self-interference. This channel is comprised of a source, an FD relay, and a destination, where a direct source-destination link does not exist and the FD relay is impaired by self- interference. We model the self-interference as an additive Gaussian random variable whose variance is proportional to the amplitude of the transmit symbol at the relay. For this channel, we derive the capacity and propose an explicit capacity- achieving coding scheme. Thereby, we show that the optimal input distribution at the source is Gaussian and its variance depends on the amplitude of the transmit symbol at the relay. On the other hand, the optimal input distribution at the relay is discrete or Gaussian, where the latter case occurs only when the relay- destination link is the bottleneck link. The derived capacity converges to the capacity of the two-hop ideal FD relay channel without self- interference and to the capacity of the two-hop half-duplex (HD) relay channel in the limiting cases when the self-interference is zero and infinite, respectively. Our numerical results show that significant performance gains are achieved using the proposed capacity-achieving coding scheme compared to the achievable rates of conventional FD relaying and HD relaying.
Anatomy of the temporomandibular joint in the cat: a study by microdissection, cryosection and vascular injection

The minute anatomy of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is of great clinical relevance in cats owing to a high number of lesions involving this articulation. However, the precise anatomy is poorly documented in textbooks and scientific articles. The aim of this study was to describe, in detail, the TMJ anatomy and its relationship with other adjacent anatomical structures in the cat. Different anatomical preparations, including vascular and articular injection, microdissection, cryosection and plastination, were performed in 12 cadaveric cats. All TMJ anatomical structures were identified and described in detail. A thorough understanding of the TMJ anatomy is essential to understand the clinical signs associated with TMJ disorders, to locate lesions precisely and to accurately interpret the results in all diagnostic imaging techniques.
Surgical Management of Pheochromocytoma in a Contemporary Setting

Background: Pheochromocytomas are rare, with a reported incidence of 2 - 8 cases per million persons, per year. The clinical presentation of pheochromocytomas is highly variable, making diagnosis challenging. Occasionally, the potent effects of the catecholamines can also cause “ pheochromocytoma crisis ” which can be fatal with around 800 deaths in the United States annually. The aim of this project is to study the clinical presentation, sensitivity of biochemical tests and imaging studies, preoperative work-up, pathological findings and surgical results of patients with pheochromocytoma. Methods: A prospective adrenalectomy database was reviewed from 1995 to 2009. The sub-group of patients with pheochromocytomas was identified. Their clinical findings, serum and urinary biochemistry results, imaging results, pre-op medical treatments, surgical approach, histopathology, and complications were reviewed. Results: A total of 88 patients with 85 having adrenalectomy were identified. Of these 24 had pheochromocytomas with a mean age of 50 (range: 19 - 75); 14 males and ten females. Elevated urinary catecholamines ( > 2 × upper normal limit) were identified in 90% of cases whilst CT imaging accurately localized all lesions (22 adrenal, 2 extra-adrenal). Pre-op medication: 75% (n = 18) required only single alpha-blockade agent, 25% (n = 6) of them combined alpha and beta-blockade. Surgery: 18 of the 22 adrenalectomies were attempted laparoscopically with 15 (83%) completed laparoscopically and the remainder (three) converted to open surgery due to adhesions or large tumor size. Four adrenalectomies were performed as planned open cases (two bilateral; two with tumors > 7.5 cm). All patients had benign pheochromocytomas. One patient developed post-operative pneumonia and one patient had post-op hypotension needing inotropic support for two days. All patients are alive and well, with no evidence of recurrent disease (minimum two year follow-up). Conclusions: The majority of adrenalectomies may be safely performed laparoscopically with minimal complications. A multi-disciplinary approach contributes to successful outcomes with involvement extending beyond preoperative consideration of the diagnosis into accurate localization of lesions, medical treatment when appropriate, specialized anaesthetic involvement and intensive care support. doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.4021/jcs188w
A dye-assisted paper-based point-of-care assay for fast and reliable blood grouping

A paper-based assay for rapid and reliable blood grouping uses dye-based color changes as a visual readout to identify distinct blood components. Finding the right type Blood type matching is important for pregnancy, blood transfusion, and bone marrow transplantation. Zhang et al. developed a blood typing assay based on the color change that occurs when a common pH indicator dye reacts with blood. Red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma were separated from small volumes of whole, uncentrifuged blood samples using antibodies immobilized on paper test strips. The assays performed forward grouping (detecting A and/or B antigens on RBCs) and reverse grouping (monitoring the agglutination between RBCs and anti-A and/or anti-B antibodies in plasma) within 2 min and could also perform Rhesus and rare blood typing. A machine-learning algorithm grouped human blood samples automatically on the basis of spectral analysis of the colorimetric assay readouts. This economical and robust assay is useful for time- and resource-limited environments. Fast and simultaneous forward and reverse blood grouping has long remained elusive. Forward blood grouping detects antigens on red blood cells, whereas reverse grouping identifies specific antibodies present in plasma. We developed a paper-based assay using immobilized antibodies and bromocresol green dye for rapid and reliable blood grouping, where dye-assisted color changes corresponding to distinct blood components provide a visual readout. ABO antigens and five major Rhesus antigens could be detected within 30 s, and simultaneous forward and reverse ABO blood grouping using small volumes (100 μl) of whole blood was achieved within 2 min through on-chip plasma separation without centrifugation. A machine-learning method was developed to classify the spectral plots corresponding to dye-based color changes, which enabled reproducible automatic grouping. Using optimized operating parameters, the dye-assisted paper assay exhibited comparable accuracy and reproducibility to the classical gel-card assays in grouping 3550 human blood samples. When translated to the assembly line and low-cost manufacturing, the proposed approach may be developed into a cost-effective and robust universal blood-grouping platform.
Spectral–Spatial Classification of Hyperspectral Images Based on Hidden Markov Random Fields

Hyperspectral remote sensing technology allows one to acquire a sequence of possibly hundreds of contiguous spectral images from ultraviolet to infrared. Conventional spectral classifiers treat hyperspectral images as a list of spectral measurements and do not consider spatial dependences, which leads to a dramatic decrease in classification accuracies. In this paper, a new automatic framework for the classification of hyperspectral images is proposed. The new method is based on combining hidden Markov random field segmentation with support vector machine (SVM) classifier. In order to preserve edges in the final classification map, a gradient step is taken into account. Experiments confirm that the new spectral and spatial classification approach is able to improve results significantly in terms of classification accuracies compared to the standard SVM method and also outperforms other studied methods.
Direct Georeferencing of Ultrahigh-Resolution UAV Imagery

Micro-unmanned aerial vehicles often collect a large amount of images when mapping an area at an ultrahigh resolution. A direct georeferencing technique potentially eliminates the need for ground control points. In this paper, we developed a camera-global positioning system (GPS) module to allow the synchronization of camera exposure with the airframe's position as recorded by a GPS with 10-20-cm accuracy. Lever arm corrections were applied to the camera positions to account for the positional difference between the GPS antenna and the camera center. Image selection algorithms were implemented to eliminate blurry images and images with excessive overlap. This study compared three different software methods (Photoscan, Pix4D web service, and an in-house Bundler method). We evaluated each based on processing time, ease of use, and the spatial accuracy of the final mosaic produced. Photoscan showed the best performance as it was the fastest and the easiest to use and had the best spatial accuracy (average error of 0.11 m with a standard deviation of 0.02 m). This accuracy is limited by the accuracy of the differential GPS unit (10-20 cm) used to record camera position. Pix4D achieved a mean spatial error of 0.24 m with a standard deviation of 0.03 m, while the Bundler method had the worst mean spatial accuracy of 0.76 m with a standard deviation of 0.15 m. The lower performance of the Bundler method was due to its poor performance in estimating camera focal length, which, in turn, introduced large errors in the Z-axis for the translation equations.
Integrated Denoising and Unwrapping of InSAR Phase Based on Markov Random Fields

In the traditional processing flow of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technique, the processing of phase is conducted via two separated and successive steps, i.e., phase denoising and phase unwrapping. That is to say, first, wrapped phases without noise are generated, and then, the true phases without 2π-ambiguities are reconstructed (here and in the rest of this paper, true phase refers to the information-induced unwrapped phase without noise). Such separated steps will inevitably bring in extra estimation error because each step has necessary approximations and presumptions which do not always hold. On the contrary, in this paper, we treat phase denoising and unwrapping as a single problem of true phase recovery from observed ones. Following this methodology, an integrated phase denoising and unwrapping algorithm based upon Markov random fields (MRFs) is proposed. Taking a priori knowledge of interferometric phases into account, MRF is used to model the relationship between the elements in the random variable set including both true phases and their observations. After the model is built up, the energy function of this MRF is defined according to the local-independence property inferred from the MRF structure and then minimized to obtain the estimate of the true phase value. In the end of this paper, experiments on simulated and true phase data are conducted, and the comparison with several commonly used unwrapping methods is proposed to verify the efficiency of the proposed MRF algorithm.
On the Accuracy of Heart Rate Variability Measures from Undersampled RR Interval Time Series

The heart rate variability (HRV) is the variation in the pulsing frequency of the human heart. Measuring this parameter can reveal important information on the real-time interaction between the autonomic nervous system and the cardiocirculatory system. It can provide useful insight on an individual's state of stress or well being even outside a clinical setting, thanks to inexpensive and unobtrusive wireless sensors and the computing capability of our smartphones. These sensors are battery operated, so their current sampling frequency may be inadequate to measure HRV parameters. In this article, we focus on the accuracy of the detection of the RR interval time series (the instantaneous heart rate), and we investigate the sampling frequency needed to obtain a given level of accuracy for different signals and HRV parameters. We provide the guidelines for an opportunistic choice of the sampling rate to achieve a desired accuracy, and we propose a series of techniques to improve this accuracy with a fixed sampling frequency. We show the effectiveness of the proposed techniques in terms of relative error reduction and energy savings for the wireless sensors.
Laser reshaping of nasal septum cartilage: clinical results for 40 patients

Clinical results on sparing laser reshaping of nasal septum cartilage are reported for the first time. Forty patients have been treated with holmium laser to correct a deformed cartilage. The laser reshaping is a bloodless, painless procedure which takes few minutes to straighten nasal septum. The stability of the new shape and possible side effects have been examined during twelve months. The headache and other negative symptoms have disappeared, as a result of laser treatment for the most of patients. Rhinoscopic examination show an excellent long-term reshaping effects for nasal septum of 23 patients, and, also, good results for other 12 patients. For 5 patients only a little effect takes place. Our rhinomanometric examinations demonstrate a pronounced improvement of the breathing for 35 patients. No visible undesirable side effects were observed for all patients underwent to laser reshaping procedure.