Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Information Summary for Chronic Disease Treatment

The electronic medical record (EMR) systems face many challenges in supporting chronic disease treatment, especially in medical information summary. Many solutions have recently been proposed for hospitals in developed countries. However, these solutions maybe not suitable for hospitals in developing countries because their workflow and patterns may be quite different due to their resource limitations, especially in shortage of physicians. Investigating the information summary alternatives in treating chronic diseases in such hospitals can shed light on EMR system design, especially on that for developing countries. We study one of the best pediatric hospitals in China. It suffers from a severe shortage of physicians. We introduce its information summary alternative, \fs. In particular, we study how and why pediatricians treat chronic diseases with the sheet. Our work unveils the intense work patterns and their corresponding information requirements of hospitals in China. We also demonstrate the characteristics of the \fs\ and accordingly discuss how EMR systems can be optimized.
Learning Motion Based Auxiliary Task for Cardiomyopathy Recognition with Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Images

Accurate analysis of the patient's heart function, and early diagnosis of myocardial disease can improve the treatment effect and reduce the medical cost significantly. Among the different medical imaging techniques, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has high tissue contrast which is widely used in clinic. However, pro-processing CMR data manually for diagnose is extremely time consuming. To develop an automatic cardiomyopathy recognition algorithm among normal group, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and dilated cardiomyopathy group, we employ the CNN and LSTM to extract spatial and motion features. In addition, we propose a motion based auxiliary task to help the main recognition task, without additional annotation. In experiment, compared to C3D [1] and LRCN [2], the proposed method obtains the best performance. Both accuracy and AUC score achieve 0.94.
The socio-spatial installed base: Ride-hailing applications, parking associations, and precarity in tuk tuk driving in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Abstract In this paper I present an infrastructural analysis of the changing tuk tuk driving sector in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. I argue that drivers’ informal, long-standing parking associations, located at well-defined parking spots and based on kinship relations, act as the socio-spatial installed base of Phnom Penh’s tuk tuk infrastructure. I show that two recent infrastructural changes – the increased popularity of ride-hailing applications and “Indian-style” tuk tuks – have made traditional tuk tuk driving more precarious. I show how the parking associations help traditional drivers manage the negative consequences of infrastructural changes. My analysis indicates that parking associations with their kinship bonds, experience, and geographical positioning put established drivers in a privileged position in relation to new independent drivers using digital tools. In effect, while long-standing associations can be effective tools of subversion to platform economies, they also produce barriers to inclusive solidarity.
Performance and Self-Presentation Practices

Esports commentating, the practice of reporting, explaining, and elaborating live competitive gameplay to spectators, is a centerpiece of esports as a rapidly growing spectator sport and an essential component of today’s growing gaming/live streaming ecosystem. In particular, esports commentators face three unique challenges: the preparation for conducting real time commentating on highly dynamic esports games; the complexity of in-the-moment decisions during the game’s broadcast; and the balance between personal self-presentation and professional content presentation. Yet this emerging and novel sociotechnical practice and how these challenges affect esports commentators’ live performance and self-presentation practices has received relatively little research attention in HCI and CSCW. In this paper, we endeavor to address these limitations by empirically analyzing 19 esports commentators’ sociotechnical practices. Our findings highlight the complex interaction dynamics involved in esports commentating as well as the importance of professionalism and social presence in esports commentators’ self-presentation. In order to execute seamless and spontaneous commentary, commentators must be studious and engage in much prior research and have a clear sense of self. We contribute to the growing CSCW literature on esports commentating practices by revealing esports commentators’ unique decision making process presenting information and their self-image.
Active Learning for Level Set Estimation Under Input Uncertainty and Its Extensions

Testing under what conditions a product satisfies the desired properties is a fundamental problem in manufacturing industry. If the condition and the property are respectively regarded as the input and the output of a black-box function, this task can be interpreted as the problem called level set estimation (LSE): the problem of identifying input regions such that the function value is above (or below) a threshold. Although various methods for LSE problems have been developed, many issues remain to be solved for their practical use. As one of such issues, we consider the case where the input conditions cannot be controlled precisely—LSE problems under input uncertainty. We introduce a basic framework for handling input uncertainty in LSE problems and then propose efficient methods with proper theoretical guarantees. The proposed methods and theories can be generally applied to a variety of challenges related to LSE under input uncertainty such as cost-dependent input uncertainties and unknown input uncertainties. We apply the proposed methods to artificial and real data to demonstrate their applicability and effectiveness.
Characteristics of the fruits of two uvaia populations grown in Salesopolis, SP, Brazil

Abstract Uvaia (Eugenia pyriformis Cambess) is a fruit tree native to the Atlantic Forest and that features peculiar aroma and flavor. Although this fruit is highly popular locally, its commercial farming is virtually nonexistent. In addition, limited studies on this fruit have been conducted. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the physical, chemical, and functional characteristics of two uvaia fruit populations grown in Salesopolis, SP, Brazil, in order to determine their potential for being consumed both in natura and processed. Uvaia fruits were evaluated as for skin color, whole fruit weight, longitudinal and transversal diameters, seed percentage, pulp yield, pulp firmness, pH, total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TTA), TSS/TTA ratio, total soluble sugars, soluble and total pectins, total carotenoids, yellow flavonoids, total phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid, and in vitro antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ORAC assays). The total mineral content was also determined. Comparison among the two populations revealed that uvaia fruits showed significantly different firmness values, large fruits showing suitable characteristics for the fresh fruit market. However, small fruits were sweeter and richer in antioxidants, allowing the consumption of both natural and processed fruits. Thus, this native fruit denotes an important source of nutrients and bioactive compounds, especially iron.
Changes of gene expression but not cytosine methylation are associated with plasticity of male parental care reflecting behavioural state, social context, and individual flexibility

Behaviour is often on the front line of plasticity in response to different environments. At the genetic level, behavioural changes are likely to be associated with changes of gene expression. Most studies to date have focused on gene expression differences associated with discrete behavioural states reflecting development or age-related changes, such as honey bee castes. However, more rapidly flexible behaviour is often observed in response to social context or simple individual variation. The differences in genetic influences for the different forms of plasticity are poorly understood. In this study we contrasted gene expression during male parental care of the burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides, in a factorial design. Male N. vespilloides males typically do not provide care when females are present. However, male care is inducible by the removing female and has parental effects equivalent to female care. We used this experimental manipulation to isolate gene expression and cytosine methylation associated with differences of behavioural state, differences of social context, or differences of individual flexibility for expressing care. The greatest number of differentially expressed genes was associated with behavioural state, followed by differences of social contexts, and lastly differences of individual variation. DNA methylation has been hypothesized to regulate the transcriptional architecture that regulates behavioural transitions. We tested this hypothesis by quantifying differences of cytosine methylation that were associated with differences of behavioural state and individual flexibility. Changes of cytosine methylation were not associated with changes of gene expression. Our results suggest a hierarchical association between gene expression and the different sources of variation that influence behaviour, but that this process is not controlled by DNA methylation despite reflecting levels of plasticity in behaviour. Our results further suggest that the extent that a behaviour is transient plays an underappreciated role in determining the molecular mechanisms that underpin the behaviour.
Do trace metals influence visual signals? Effects of trace metals on iridescent and melanic feather colouration in the feral pigeon

Trace metals are chemical pollutants of prime concern nowadays given their implication in several human diseases and their noxious effects on wildlife. Previous studies demonstrated their negative (e.g. lead, cadmium) or positive (e.g. zinc) effects on body condition, immunity and reproductive success in birds. Because of their effects on bird condition, trace metals are likely to influence the production of condition-dependent plumage colours, that may be used in mate choice. In the feral pigeon Columba livia, we investigated iridescent colouration in response to lead and zinc experimental (i.e. metal supplementation in standardized conditions) and natural exposure (i.e. metal concentrations in feathers of wild urban pigeons), and melanic feather colouration in response to experimental lead and zinc exposure. Both studies (i.e. experimental and correlative) consistently showed that lead exposure decreased iridescent neck feather brightness independently of colour morph. Moreover, lead, when provided alone, decreased melanic feather reflectance in the middle wavelengths while zinc supplementation increased melanic feather reflectance in the violet-wavelength. In conclusion, our study suggests that the colouration of iridescent and melanic feathers depends on the exposure to pollutants. Whether trace metal exposure affected the ability of birds to produce melanin pigments, to grow the microstructural feather elements required for maximum colour display, or to cope with bacteria that degrade feather microstuctures remains unclear. Future studies should investigate whether these metal-induced modifications of plumage colouration affect behaviours involved in sexual selection.
Model-Based Reinforcement Learning for Time-Optimal Velocity Control

Autonomous navigation has recently gained great interest in the field of reinforcement learning. However, little attention was given to the time-optimal velocity control problem, i.e. controlling a vehicle such that it travels at the maximal speed without becoming dynamically unstable (roll-over or sliding). Time optimal velocity control can be solved numerically using existing methods that are based on optimal control and vehicle dynamics. In this letter, we develop a model-based deep reinforcement learning to generate the time-optimal velocity control. Moreover, we introduce a method that uses a numerical solution that predicts whether the vehicle may become unstable and intervenes if needed. We show that our combined model outperforms several baselines as it achieves higher velocities (with only one minute of training) and does not encounter any failures during the training process.
A Review of the Technical and Socio-Organizational Components of Earthquake Early Warning Systems

Every year, natural hazards affect millions of people around the world, causing significant economic and life losses. The rapid progress of technology and advances in understanding of the highly complex physical phenomena related to various natural hazards have promoted the development of new disaster-mitigation tools, such as earthquake early warning (EEW) systems. However, there is a general lack of integration between the multi- and cross-disciplinary elements of EEW, limiting its effectiveness and applications for end users. This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art in EEW, exploring both the technical components (i.e., seismological and engineering) as well as the socio-organizational components (i.e., social science, policy, and management) of EEW systems. This includes a discussion of specific evidence from case studies of Italy, United States’ West Coast, Japan, and Mexico, where EEW systems have reached varying levels of maturity. Our aim is to highlight necessary improvements for increasing the effectiveness of the technical aspects of EEW in terms of their implications on operational, political/legal, social, behavioral, and organizational drivers. Our analysis suggests open areas for research, associated with: 1) the information that needs to be included in EEW alerts to implement successful mitigation actions at both individual and organizational levels; 2) the need for response training to the community by official bodies, such as civil protection; 3) existing gaps in the attribution of accountability and development of liability policies involving EEW implementation; 4) the potential for EEW to increase seismic resilience of critical infrastructure and lifelines; 5) the need for strong organizational links with first responders and official EEW bodies; and 6) the lack of engineering-related (i.e., risk and resilience) metrics currently used to support decision making related to the triggering of alerts by various end users.
Field methods to assess pectoral muscle mass in moulting geese

In this paper, we report two new simple field methods to assess changes in pectoral muscle mass in live moulting geese. In the first method, transverse chest profiles of Canada geese Branta canadensis and greylag geese Anser anser were recorded using soldering wire. This standard measure of the chest angle showed a highly significant relationship with actual pectoral muscle mass. Chest angle measures showed a highly significant polynomial correlation with an index of moult stage, i.e. length of the ninth primary (p9). This indicated an initial slight decline in pectoral muscle mass as p9 length increased, followed by an increase in muscle mass in preparation for regaining the ability to fly. In the second method, visual pectoral profile scores from 0 (thin pectoral muscles concave) to 3 (convex bulky) recorded at distances using telescope or binoculars also proved to be useful as a field measure of pectoral muscle mass in moulting geese. Hence, the first method provides a non-consumptive means of predicting pectoral muscle mass in moulting geese without the need to dissect birds, and the second method enables field prediction of muscle mass in moulting geese without resort to capture of birds.
Pollen limitation, reproductive success and flowering frequency in single‐flowered plants

Flowering plants exhibit striking interspecific and intraspecific variation in flower number, which strongly influences the reproductive success of animal‐pollinated plants. However, the reproductive consequences of producing a single flower are poorly understood. Here, we test if plants producing a single flower have a reproductive disadvantage compared with plants producing multiple flowers by combining field investigation of five deceptive orchids and a survey of published literature. Pollen limitation was estimated by comparing fruit production between hand pollination and open pollination. Flowering frequency was monitored over years to assess the potential advantage of producing a single flower. Both single‐ and multiple‐flowered species suffered strong pollen limitation. However, single‐flowered species had significantly lower fruit set and produced fewer seeds per individual, although they had a significantly higher pollen removal than species with multiple flowers. A phylogenetically independent contrast of 28 species representing four of the five subfamilies of Orchidaceae revealed that fruit set was significantly positively associated with flower number. Both pollen removal and fruit set had a positive relationship with flower number within the multiple‐flowered species. Synthesis. Current data and phylogenetically independent contrast support the hypothesis that producing a single flower has reproductive disadvantages. Single‐flowered species may compensate for low female success through high flowering frequency over years. This study provides insight into costs and benefits of producing a single flower in deceptive orchids.
The Association Between Gestational Diabetes and Microbiota in Placenta and Cord Blood

Objective: Early life is a critical period for gut microbial development. It is still controversial whether there is placental microbiota during a healthy pregnancy. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome in the offspring, and the mechanisms are unclear. We sought to explore whether microbiota in placenta and cord blood may be altered in GDM. Methods: Placenta and cord blood samples were collected from eight GDM and seven euglycemic (control) term pregnancies in cesarean deliveries without evidence of clinical infections. The Illumina MiSeq Sequencing System was used to detect the microbiota based on the V3–V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Results: The microbiota were detectable in all placental samples. Comparing GDM vs. controls, there were more operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (mean ± SE = 373.63 ± 14.61 vs. 332.43 ± 9.92, P = 0.024) and higher ACE index (395.15 ± 10.56 vs. 356.27 ± 8.47, P = 0.029) and Chao index (397.67 ± 10.24 vs. 361.32 ± 8.87, P = 0.04). The placental microbiota was mainly composed of four phyla: Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria at the phylum level and 10 dominant genera at the genus level in both GDM and controls. Despite the dominant similarity in microbiota composition, at the OTU level, the abundance of Ruminococcus, Coprococcus, Paraprevotella, and Lactobacillus were higher, whereas Veillonella was lower in the placentas of GDM vs. controls. The microbiota was detected in one of the 15 cord blood samples, and its components were similar as to the corresponding placental microbiota at both phylum and genus levels suggesting placental microbiota as the potential source. Conclusions: The most abundant phyla and genus of placental microbiota were similar in GDM and euglycemic pregnancies, but GDM was associated with higher diversity of placental microbiota. Further study is needed to confirm the existence of microbiota in cord blood in pregnancies without clinical infection.
Environmental and density-dependent modulation of type III secretion system genes in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000

Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato strain DC3000 is a model bacterial pathogen that infects tomatoes and Arabidopsis. This bacterium utilizes a dedicated protein export apparatus, the type III secretion system (T3SS), to translocate virulence proteins called effectors directly into host cells. Because effectors suppress plant immune responses, activation of the T3SS is critical upon entry into the host. T3SS gene expression is controlled by a complex regulatory cascade. HrpL is an alternate sigma factor that regulates expression of genes that encode structural elements of the secretion apparatus, as well as secreted effectors, such as AvrPto. hrpL is activated by two members of the bacterial enhancer binding protein (bEBP) family, HrpR and HrpS, encoded by the hrpRS operon. The mechanisms regulating hrpRS activation of hrpL expression are unclear. Although previous studies have shown that T3SS genes are highly regulated by a variety of environmental signals, little is known about how these conditions control T3SS genes. In this work, I examine how environmental stimuli modulate T3SS gene expression in P. syringae, and analyze how each variable modulates the hrpRS-hrpL regulatory cascade. Specifically, I show that hrpRS, hrpL, and avrPto in Pst DC3000 are regulated by pH and carbon sources in the growth media. Contrary to expectations, I report that several carbon sources, including sugars, a sugar alcohol, glycerol, and organic acids, initially induce Pst DC3000 T3SS gene expression. However, T3SS gene S t a u b e r , J e n n i f e r , 2 0 1 0 , U M S L , P a g e | ii expression decreases as the cell density increases in media with carbon sources that support faster bacterial growth rates. Furthermore, T3SS genes are lower when the bacteria are cultured at high cell densities regardless of carbon source, or at low cell densities in conditioned media. Therefore, I investigate the possibility that acyl homoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated quorum sensing regulates Pst DC3000 T3SS gene expression. I confirm that psyRI is responsible for production of 3-oxo-C6 AHL in Pst DC3000, although neither addition of exogenous 3-oxo-C6 and C6 AHLs nor deletion of psyRI has any effect on the density-dependent regulation of hrpL. Therefore, I conclude that there is a T3SS-repressive signal secreted by Pst DC3000 that accumulates at high cell densities, but the nature of the signal is still unknown. Lastly, I report that T3SS genes are repressed when the auxin IAA is added to cultures of Pst DC3000, however the biological relevance of IAA as a T3SS repressing signal remains to be explored. S t a u b e r , J e n n i f e r , 2 0 1 0 , U M S L , P a g e | iii
Informatics Moments1

The informatics moment is the moment when a person seeks help in using some digital technology that is new to him or her. This article examines the informatics moment in people’s everyday lives as they sought help at a branch public library. Four types of literacy were involved: basic literacy (reading and writing), computer literacy (use of a mouse, buying a computer), library literacy (navigating online catalogs and databases), and domain literacy (most commonly and urgently, looking for work in a world where practically all job postings and applications are online). Social capital is also associated with many of these informatics moments: people seek help from those with enough skill who are close at hand, approachable, and familiar, and they collaborate with others in their networks to do so. Understanding the informatics moment could accelerate people’s (and society’s) anxious transition to an inclusive digital age.