Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adult Neurogenesis and Stroke: A Tale of Two Neurogenic Niches

In the aftermath of an acute stroke, numerous signaling cascades that reshape the brain both in the perilesional zone as well as in more distal regions are activated. Despite continuous improvement in the acute treatment of stroke and the sustained research efforts into the pathophysiology of stroke, we critically lag in our integrated understanding of the delayed and chronic responses to ischemic injury. As such, the beneficial or maladaptive effect of some stroke-induced cellular responses is unclear, restricting the advancement of therapeutic strategies to target long-term complications. A prominent delayed effect of stroke is the robust increase in adult neurogenesis, which raises hopes for a regenerative strategy to counter neurological deficits in stroke survivors. In the adult brain, two regions are known to generate new neurons from endogenous stem cells: the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the dentate subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus. While both niches respond with an increase in neurogenesis post-stroke, there are significant regional differences in the ensuing stages of survival, migration, and maturation, which may differently influence functional outcome. External interventions such as rehabilitative training add a further layer of complexity by independently modulating the process of adult neurogenesis. In this review we summarize the current knowledge regarding the effects of ischemic stroke on neurogenesis in the SVZ and in the SGZ, and the influence of exogenous stimuli such as motor activity or enriched environment (EE). In addition, we discuss the contribution of SVZ or SGZ post-stroke neurogenesis to sensory, motor and cognitive recovery.
Passive Properties of the Wrist and Fingers Following Chronic Hemiparetic Stroke: Interlimb Comparisons in Persons With and Without a Clinical Treatment History That Includes Botulinum Neurotoxin

Background: Neural impairments that follow hemiparetic stroke may negatively affect passive muscle properties, further limiting recovery. However, factors such as hypertonia, spasticity, and botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), a common clinical intervention, confound our understanding of muscle properties in chronic stroke. Objective: To determine if muscle passive biomechanical properties are different following prolonged, stroke-induced, altered muscle activation and disuse. Methods: Torques about the metacarpophalangeal and wrist joints were measured in different joint postures in both limbs of participants with hemiparetic stroke. First, we evaluated 27 participants with no history of BoNT; hand impairments ranged from mild to severe. Subsequently, seven participants with a history of BoNT injections were evaluated. To mitigate muscle hypertonia, torques were quantified after an extensive stretching protocol and under conditions that encouraged participants to sleep. EMGs were monitored throughout data collection. Results: Among participants who never received BoNT, no significant differences in passive torques between limbs were observed. Among participants who previously received BoNT injections, passive flexion torques about their paretic wrist and finger joints were larger than their non-paretic limb (average interlimb differences = +42.0 ± 7.6SEM Ncm, +26.9 ± 3.9SEM Ncm, respectively), and the range of motion for passive finger extension was significantly smaller (average interlimb difference = −36.3° ± 4.5°SEM; degrees). Conclusion: Our results suggest that neural impairments that follow chronic, hemiparetic stroke do not lead to passive mechanical changes within the wrist and finger muscles. Rather, consistent with animal studies, the data points to potential adverse effects of BoNT on passive muscle properties post-stroke, which warrant further consideration.
The Estimated Prevalence of N-Linked Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation Across Various Populations Based on Allele Frequencies in General Population Databases

Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a widely acknowledged group of metabolic diseases. PMM2-CDG is the most frequently diagnosed CDG with a prevalence as high as one in 20,000. In contrast, the prevalence of other CDG types remains unknown. This study aimed to analyze the estimated prevalence of different N-linked protein glycosylation disorders. We extracted allele frequencies for diverse populations from The Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), encompassing variant frequency information from 141,456 individuals. To identify pathogenic variants, we used the ClinVar database as a primary source. High confidence loss-of-function variants as defined by the LOFTEE algorithm were also classified as pathogenic. After summing up population frequencies for pathogenic alleles, estimated disease birth prevalence values with confidence intervals were calculated using the Bayesian method. We first validated our approach using two more common recessive disorders (cystic fibrosis and phenylketonuria) by showing that the estimated prevalences calculated from population allele frequencies were in accordance with previously published epidemiological studies. Among assessed 27 autosomal recessive N-glycosylation disorders, the only disease with estimated birth prevalence higher than one in 100,000 was PMM2-CDG (in both, all gnomAD individuals and those with European ancestry). The combined prevalence of 27 different N-glycosylation disorders was around one in 22,000 Europeans but varied considerably across populations. We will show estimated prevalence data from diverse populations and explain the possible pitfalls of this analysis. Still, we are confident that these data will guide CDG research and clinical care to identify CDG across populations.
Planar electro-optic deflector using KTa1−xNbxO3 for low-power-consumption operation

We propose a planar electro-optic deflector using KTa1−xNbxO3 (KTN) crystals in order to reduce power consumption by reducing its capacitance. We reduced its capacitance by reducing its thickness to maintain the deflection angle. The power consumption was 1/34 that of the bulk-type KTN deflector at 200 kHz. The deflection angles were in good agreement with theoretical values when the dielectric constant was over 10000.
Emerging Social Capital in the Lives of Latinx First-Generation College Students: The Case for “Apprentice Agents” in a Social Capital Framework

ABSTRACT Latinx first-generation college students (LFGCS) build unique social networks that support their persistence in college. Utilizing a social capital framework to analyze the college experiences of 10 graduating seniors, findings support the theory that LFGCS rely heavily on emotional support from trusted peers to vet resources and networks. Local apprentice agents serve as bridges and guides to institutional agents. This qualitative inquire examines near-peer models, peer mentors, and opportunity brokers in a powerful new light. Where social capital theory previously disregarded the emerging social capital of students, this study exposes essential local capital provided by apprentice agents which aids persistence.
Beliefs of parents of preschool children about literacy: facilitative and conventional approaches

ABSTRACT In the present study, we investigated the grouping of Greek parents of preschool children according to their beliefs about literacy by using a mixed-method approach. The sample included 147 parents of preschool children attending the 13 public kindergartens in the town of Pyrgos, in Greece. The participants completed a paper survey and 20 of them participated in semi-structured interviews, as well. The results revealed that parents could be categorized into two groups according to their beliefs about literacy: Facilitative and Conventional. Facilitative parents have a more holistic orientation, concerning literacy acquisition, while Conventional parents have a more skills-based orientation. The findings give an insight into parents’ beliefs about literacy and emphasize the importance of the congruence between home and school literacy. Implications and limitations are discussed.
The financial reporting system – what is it?

This experimental essay constructs a conversation between systems thinking and financial reporting. First, general ideas of system and ecology are introduced and used to inform a review of three overlapping clusters of accounting research. Each of these clusters assumes and emphasises different system characteristics. Second, these characteristics are blended within the model of the financial reporting system as a risk cycle. Third, critical challenges in modelling the financial reporting system are considered, with a focus on the position of a financial reporting regulator. Finally, in a thought experiment, the perspective of a hypothetical non-executive director on the board of a regulator with system-wide responsibilities is adopted. The essay proposes some questions that such a director could expect a model of the financial reporting system would help to answer. Borrowing from ecology, it is argued that any model of the financial reporting system must: be as simple as possible without being too simple; be dynamic and focused on relationships rather than static entities; and embrace risk and uncertainty to avoid ‘illusions of control’.
Biometric Templates Noise Immunity during Transmission by Mobile Networks (short paper)

The work is devoted to the study of the immunity of biometric templates to interference and fading during transmission over the LTE network. The widespread use of remote biometric authentication systems, primarily in remote mobile payment systems, determines the relevance of the chosen topic, and the development of mobile networks, and first of all, the use of technologies that are more protected from attacks like LTE and NR increases its practical focus. However, when authentication information is transmitted, even over a secure channel, it can be subject to interference and fading. That is why it is important to study their influence on the integrity of the biometric template that will be used to authenticate the user in the system. We have analyzed the dependence of the quality of the authentication system on the parameters of the mobile communication channel (bit error rate, signal-to-noise ratio) and the parameters of the mobile device that transmits information (MIMO scheme, coding rate, modulation scheme), which improves the quality of the remote biometric authentication systems by reasonably choosing the transmission parameters and taking into account the parameters of the communication channel.
Identity Documents Recognition and Detection using Semantic Segmentation with Convolutional Neural Network (short paper)

Object recognition and detection are well-studied problems with a developed set of almost standard solutions. Identity documents recognition, classification, detection, and localization are the tasks required in a number of applications, particularly, in physical access control security systems at critical infrastructure premises. In this paper, we propose the new original architecture of a model based on an artificial convolutional neural network and semantic segmentation approach for the recognition and detection of identity documents in images. The challenge with the processing of such images is the limited computational performance and the limited amount of memory when such an application is running on industrial one-board microcomputer hardware. The aim of this research is to prove the feasibility of the proposed technique and to obtain quality metrics. The methodology of the research is to evaluate the deep learning detection model trained on the mobile identity document video dataset. The dataset contains five hundred video clips for fifty different identity document types. The numerical results from simulations are used to evaluate the quality metrics. We present the results as accuracy versus threshold of the intersection over union value. The paper reports an accuracy above 0.75 for the intersection over union (IoU) threshold value of 0.8. Besides, we assessed the size of the model and proved the feasibility of running the model on an industrial one-board microcomputer or smartphone hardware.
Analysis of Automatic Speech Recognition Methods (short paper)

This paper outlines structures of different automatic speech recognition systems, hybrid and end-to-end, pros and cons for each of them, including the comparison of training data and computational resources requirements. Three main approaches to speech recognition are considered: hybrid Hidden Markov Model – Deep Neural Network, end-to-end Connectionist Temporal Classification and Sequence-to-Sequence. The Listen, Attend, and Spell approach is chosen as an example for the Sequence-to-Sequence model.
Traffic Monitoring and Abnormality Detection Methods for Decentralized Distributed Networks

Internet traffic monitoring is a crucial task for the security and reliability of communication networks. This description of the traffic statistics is used to detect traffic anomalies. Modern methods of detecting attacks and other traffic anomalies in the network are not reliable enough, in particular, due to inaccurate attack moment determination, so that an attacker can easily inject errors to the operation of the system, thereby incapacitating it using DDOS attacks. To solve the problem of searching for network anomalies, a method is proposed for forming a set of informative features that formalize the normal and anomalous behavior of the system, and criteria are defined that make it possible to detect and identify various types of network anomalies. The paper discusses methods for detecting anomalies that are based on statistical approaches such as fractal traffic analysis. The issues of detection of network attacks are analyzed, which have similar statistical features, expressed in the change in mean and variance.
Explaining Sentiment from Lexicon

Lexicon-based Sentiment Analysis relies on sentiment dictionaries which are used to assign a sentiment polarity to the words of an input text. The overall sentiment of the text is then computed by means of a combining function, such as the word count, sum or average. In this short contribution we describe a detailed set of linguistic rules that allow to understand the text fragments which are semantically linked to a given concept of interest in a text. These heuristics have been designed in the spirit of the recent Interpretable AI trend, since they allow to understand the origin of sentiment for a specific term, providing more transparency and interpretation of the resulting analysis, and enabling the development of advanced and novel lexicon-based Sentiment Analysis approaches, which is the object of our currently on-going work.
Numerical Analysis of Mixing Performance of a Novel ‘Y-U’ Split and Recombine Micromixer

This work presents a design of a new micromixer named ‘Y-U’ based on the split and recombine (SAR) principle. Five mixers are constructed varying a parameter, vertical cylindrical connector height H (Y-UH), starting from 0 mm to 0.8 mm. Numerical analysis is carried out at Reynolds numbers ranging from 1 to 50 using FLUENT 15 for the purpose of optimization. A well-known SAR mixer, namely ‘H’ is also studied in order to validate the numerical model. Proposed Y-U mixers offer better mixing performance than H mixer regardless of Reynolds numbers. The Y-U mixers show more than 90% efficiency at low Reynolds numbers (Re ≤ 1) and efficiency is about 60% for Reynolds numbers from 10 to 50. Mixing efficiency depends on the vertical cylindrical connector height (H); efficiency and pressure drop increases with the increase of vertical cylindrical height. Y-U0.8 mm (H = 0.8 mm) shows better maximum efficiency compare to all examined mixers. In addition, the mixing cost is independent of vertical cylindrical height.
Productive, nutritional, and physiological responses of Barki ewes to different types of roughages (Berseem hay, Atriplex or silage) and dry yeast during gestation and suckling periods

The aim of study was to investigate the effect of different types of roughage (hay, green and silage) and yeast added to the barley grain on the productive performance of the Barki ewes during the gestation and suckling periods. Eighty-four Barki ewes, 3-4 years of age and 42.93±0.19 kg of average body weight, were randomly assigned to six groups (14 ewes in each) before the mating season. A factorial design was used for 3 × 2 treatments based on Berseem hay (BH), and either fresh Atriplex halimus (FA) or silage (AS) in the absence (Y-) or presence (Y+) of 5g/ewe/day of the dry yeast. All ewe groups recorded gain in their live body weight (LBW) during early and late gestation period. The highest loss in LBW was recorded for BH and Y+ during the suckling period. The AS was the highest consumed roughage followed by BH and then FA during the gestation and suckling periods. The addition of yeast (Y+) resulted a reduction of roughage intake than control one (Y-) during both gestation stages but the total milk yield (TMY) was significantly higher for BH followed by FA and AS. Also, Y+ significantly increased (P<0.05) the TMY (423) compared to Y(384) treatment. Milk fat content was not affected by roughages type, yeast addition or their interaction. However, milk protein content was significantly higher for BH (5.14%) than the other types of roughage. Silage (AS) was better than other roughages in conversion efficiency to milk and also Y+ was better than Y-. Yeast addition to ewes diets increased birth weight of their lambs compared to un-supplemented one (Y-). It could be concluded that weaning weight relative to that in hay group was 93.6% and 80.4% for AS and FA, respectively. Generally, adding yeast to different roughage diets during suckling period led to a significant increase in weaning weight. Furthermore, the economic efficiency (EE) was higher (P<0.05) in both FA and AS compared to BH. Also, yeast addition (Y+) resulted in higher EE (P<0.05) in compared to Y-.
A Common Language among Child, School and Parents: The Use of Pedagogical Documentation in the Parent Involvement Process

This study aims to examine the role of pedagogical documentation as a part of the school-parent collaboration from the perspectives of parents. In this study, which was conducted with the phenomenological design, data were collected using semi-structured interviews from 27 parents. The findings of the inductive analyzes were gathered under the themes of the visibility of learning, the parent-school bridge, and the child-parent-teacher collaboration. In line with the perceptions and experiences of parents, the findings showed that the pedagogical documentation increases the awareness of parents about their child's learning experiences at school, interactions, and reflections on these, provides guidance about parenting, improves the interaction between child and parents, supports the development of the child and learning at home, and contributes to school-parent collaboration. Given the contribution of parent involvement on child development and learning, it is believed that the findings obtained in this study will contribute to teachers, policymakers, and program developers in terms of utilizing pedagogical documentation as a tool for school-home collaboration.
Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Selected Transition Economies

Economies transitioning from the command economy to the free market economy experienced several important reforms throughout the transition period, these reforms have affected the sociological structures of the countries as well as the economic ones. While sociological change has an impact on the structure of the labor factor, economic transition has changed the origin and amount of capital. In this study, the effect of the transformation on the countries through the capital channel was investigated by examining the effect of foreign direct investments on transition economies in the context of economic growth. The results show that when countries are evaluated as a whole, foreign direct investments can affect the economy only in the long term. As for country-based analyzes, it is concluded that foreign direct investments are effective on economic growth in Slovakia, Slovenia and Hungary economies. صخلم ديدعلا رحلا قوسلا داصتقا ىلإ هجولما داصتقلاا نم ةيلاقتنا ةلحرمب رمت يتلا تاداصتقلاا تدهش ةيعامتجلاا لكايهلا ىلع تاحلاصلإا هذه ترثأ دقو ،ةيلاقتنلاا ةرتفلا لاوط ةمهلما تاحلاصلإا نم رييغتلا نأ نيح يفف . ةيداصتقلاا لكايهلا نع لاضف نادلبلل لماع لكيه ىلع ريثأت هل يعامتجلاا ريثأت يف قيقحتلا مت ،ةساردلا هذه يف . هغلابمو لالما سأر أشنم يداصتقلاا لوحتلا ريّغ دقف ،لغشلا ىلع ةرشابلما ةيبنجلأا تارامثتسلاا ريثأت ةساردب لالما سأر ةانق للاخ نم نادلبلا ىلع لوحتلا يس يف ةيلاقتنا ةلحرمب رمت يتلا تاداصتقلاا مييقت متي امدنع هنأ جئاتنلا رهظتو . يداصتقلاا ومنلا قا . طقف ليوطلا ىدلما ىلع داصتقلاا ىلع رثؤت نأ ةرشابلما ةيبنجلأا تارامثتسلال نكمي ،لكك نادلبلا قيقحت يف ةلاعف ةرشابلما ةيبنجلأا تارامثتسلاا نأ ىلإ انصلخ دقف ،ةيرطقلا تلايلحتلل ةبسنلاب امأ يف يداصتقلاا ومنلا . رجلماو اينيفولسو ايكافولس تاداصتقا 1 Department of Banking and Insurance, Firat University, Vocational School of Social Sciences, Elazig, Turkey, yozek@firat.edu. tr 138 Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Selected Transition Economies
The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences

The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences: Models and Theories, Volume I, First Edition. Edited by Bernardo J. Carducci and Christopher S. Nave. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published 2020 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The self represents individuals’ understandings of who they are. More than 100 years ago, William James (1890) argued that a complete understanding of the self required that psychologists recognize the multidimensional nature of the self‐concept. James’ approach proved fundamental in shaping modern psychology’s study of the self – indeed, the conceptualization of the self as defined by multiple, relatively independent constituents is the dominant approach in contemporary self and identity research. Between James and the present approach to the self, however, psychology did not always study the self as multidimensional. Much of the work on the self in the mid‐1900s focused on individual, private, and unique aspects of identity, with researchers from the United States, Canada, and Western Europe theorizing about the self as a largely separate entity, unconnected to other people. Over time, this focus expanded with the development of new theoretical approaches emphasizing the distinction between individuals’ private self‐views and the public self they present to others, the role of self‐categorization and group membership in self‐definition across cultures, and the importance of close relationships to people’s understanding of who they are. Drawing on these theoretical developments, along with the burgeoning literature on cross‐cultural differences in how people understand the self and others, Markus and Kitayama (1991) proposed the broad distinction between an independent self‐construal that defines and understands the self without connection to others, and an interdependent self‐construal that defines and understands the self in relation to other individuals and groups. People with an independent construal of the self view the self as unique, private, and autonomous, whereas people with an interdependent construal of the self view the self as related to others, incorporating and referencing the views of other people and groups in their identity. This perspective has become the most prominent approach to understanding the structure of the self, and substantial research has explored the influence of independent and interdependent understandings of the self on cognition and emotions. The rest of this entry provides an overview of the measurement of how individuals understand and value different aspects of identity; how culture shapes different Nathan N. Cheek and Jonathan M. Cheek