Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Network Representation of Large-Scale Heterogeneous RNA Sequences with Integration of DiverseMulti-omics, Interactions, and Annotations Data

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA, and messenger RNA enable key regulations of various biological processes through a variety of diverse interaction mechanisms. Identifying the interactions and cross-talk between these heterogeneous RNA classes is essential in order to uncover the functional role of individual RNA transcripts, especially for unannotated and sparsely discovered RNA sequences with no known interactions. Recently, sequence-based deep learning and network embedding methods are gaining traction as high-performing and flexible approaches that can either predict RNA-RNA interactions from sequence or infer missing interactions from patterns that may exist in the network topology. However, most of the current methods have several limitations, e.g., the inability to perform inductive predictions, to distinguish the directionality of interactions, or to integrate various sequence, interaction, expression, and genomic annotation datasets. We proposed a novel deep learning framework, rna2rna, which learns from RNA sequences to produce a low-dimensional embedding that preserves proximities in both the interaction topology and the functional affinity topology. In this proposed embedding space, the two-part "source and target contexts"capture the receptive fields of each RNA transcript to encapsulate heterogeneous cross-talk interactions between lncRNAs and microRNAs. The proximity between RNAs in this embedding space also uncovers the second-order relationships that allow for accurate inference of novel directed interactions or functional similarities between any two RNA sequences. In a prospective evaluation, our method exhibits superior performance compared to state-of-art approaches at predicting missing interactions from several RNA-RNA interaction databases. Additional results suggest that our proposed framework can capture a manifold for heterogeneous RNA sequences to discover novel functional annotations.
The spatial extension of extended narrow line regions in MaNGA AGN

In this work, we revisit the size–luminosity relation of the extended narrow line regions (ENLRs) using a large sample of nearby active galactic nuclei (AGNs) from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey. The ENLRs ionized by the AGN are identified through the spatially resolved BPT diagram, which results in a sample of 152 AGN. By combining our AGN with the literature high-luminosity quasars, we found a tight log-linear relation between the size of the ENLR and the AGN $\rm [O\, III]$λ5007 Å luminosity over four orders of magnitude of the $\rm [O\, III]$ luminosity. The slope of this relation is 0.42 ± 0.02 which can be explained in terms of a distribution of clouds photoionized by the AGN. This relation also indicates that the AGNs have the potential to ionize and heat the gas clouds at a large distance from the nuclei without the aids of outflows and jets for the low-luminosity Seyferts. †
A multispectral analysis of the northeastern shell of IC 443

We have carried out optical observations of the northeastern part of the supernova remnant IC 443 using the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope imaging spectrograph SITELLE. The observations consist of three multispectral cubes covering an 11′ × 11′ area allowing the investigation of both the spatial and spectral variation of nine emission lines: [O ii] λλ3726 + 3729, [O iii] λλ4959, 5007, H β, H α, [N ii] λλ6548, 6583, and [S ii] λλ6716, 6731. Extinction measurement from the H α/ H β shows significant variation across the observed region with E(B − V) = 0.8–1.1. Electron density measurements using [S ii] lines indicate densities ranging from 100 up to 2500 cm−3. Models computed with the shock modelling code mappings are presented and compared with the observations. A combination of complete shock model and truncated ones is required in order to explain the observed spectrum. The shock velocities found in IC 443 are between 20 and 150 km s−1, with 75 km s−1 being the most prominent velocity. The pre-shock number density varies from 20 to 60 cm−3. A single set of abundances close to solar values combined with varying shock parameters (shock velocity, pre-shock density, and shock age) is sufficient to explain the great variation of line intensities observed in IC 443. Despite the relatively modest spectral resolution of the data (R ∼ 1500 at H α), we clearly separate the red and blue velocity components of the expanding nebula, which show significant morphological differences.
Natural superheavy nuclei in astrophysical data

The paper presents the summary data of the authors' research within the framework of the OLIMPIYA project (the Russian acronym of {\bf OLI}viny iz {\bf M}eteoritov --- {\bf P}oisk tyazholykh {\bf I} sverkhtyazholykh {\bf YA}der / Olivines from meteorites: Search for heavy and superheavy nuclei) and results of track analysis for heavy cosmic ray nuclei (\emph{Z} = 26--129) in olivine crystals from meteorites using an original processing technique. A total of 21,743 tracks of nuclei heavier than iron have been identified in meteoritic matter to date to form the largest database within this charge range. The database includes three tracks of superheavy nuclei with the lifetimes of about a few decades, which can be considered as direct experimental evidence for the existence of natural superheavy nuclei from the "island of stability". Comprehensive comparative analysis of data from two meteorites with different cosmic ray exposure ages, Marjalahti (from 178 to 205 Myr) and Eagle Station (from 35 to 71 Myr), is presented for the first time. The results are discussed within the existing concepts of nuclei formation in astrophysical processes.
Learning Sentence Embeddings for Coherence Modelling and Beyond

We present a novel and effective technique for performing text coherence tasks while facilitating deeper insights into the data. Despite obtaining ever-increasing task performance, modern deep-learning approaches to NLP tasks often only provide users with the final network decision and no additional understanding of the data. In this work, we show that a new type of sentence embedding learned through self-supervision can be applied effectively to text coherence tasks while serving as a window through which deeper understanding of the data can be obtained. To produce these sentence embeddings, we train a recurrent neural network to take individual sentences and predict their location in a document in the form of a distribution over locations. We demonstrate that these embeddings, combined with simple visual heuristics, can be used to achieve performance competitive with state-of-the-art on multiple text coherence tasks, outperforming more complex and specialized approaches. Additionally, we demonstrate that these embeddings can provide insights useful to writers for improving writing quality and informing document structuring, and assisting readers in summarizing and locating information.
SN 2019ein: New Insights into the Similarities and Diversity among High-velocity Type Ia Supernovae

We present optical observations of the Type Ia supernova (SN) 2019ein, starting two days after the estimated explosion date. The spectra and light curves show that SN 2019ein belongs to a high-velocity (HV) and broad-line group with a relatively rapid decline in the light curves (Δm15(B) = 1.36 ± 0.02 mag) and a short rise time (15.37 ± 0.55 days). The Si ii λ6355 velocity, associated with a photospheric component but not with a detached high-velocity feature, reached ∼20,000 km s−1 12 days before the B-band maximum. The line velocity, however, decreased very rapidly and smoothly toward maximum light, to ∼13,000 km s−1, which is relatively low among HV SNe. This indicates that the speed of the spectral evolution of HV SNe Ia is correlated with not only the velocity at maximum light, but also the light-curve decline rate, as is the case for normal-velocity (NV) SNe Ia. Spectral synthesis modeling shows that the outermost layer at >17,000 km s−1 is well described by an O–Ne–C burning layer extending to at least 25,000 km s−1, and there is no unburnt carbon below 30,000 km s−1; these properties are largely consistent with the delayed detonation scenario and are shared with the prototypical HV SN 2002bo despite the large difference in Δm15(B). This structure is strikingly different from that derived for the well-studied NV SN 2011fe. We suggest that the relation between the mass of 56Ni (or Δm15) and the extent of the O–Ne–C burning layer provides an important constraint on the explosion mechanism(s) of HV and NV SNe.
Leggett-Garg inequalities cannot be violated in quantum measurements

Leggett and Garg derived inequalities that probe the boundaries of classical and quantum physics by putting limits on the properties that classical objects can have. Historically, it has been suggested that Leggett-Garg inequalities are easily violated by quantum systems undergoing sequences of strong measurements, casting doubt on whether quantum mechanics correctly describes macroscopic objects. Here I show that Leggett-Garg inequalities cannot be violated by any projective measurement. The perceived violation of the inequalities found previously can be traced back to an inappropriate assumption of non-invasive measurability. Surprisingly, weak projective measurements cannot violate the Leggett-Garg inequalities either because even though the quantum system itself is not fully projected via weak measurements, the measurement devices are.
Mixed linear fractional boundary value problems.

In this article we obtain two-sided estimates for the Greens function of fractional boundary value problems on $\mathbb R_+ \times \mathbb R_+ \times \mathbb R^d$ of the form \[(-{}_{t_1}D^\beta_{0+*} - {}_{t_2}D^\gamma_{0+*})u(t_1, t_2, x) = L_{x}u(t_1, t_2, x),\] with some prescribed boundary functions on the boundaries $\{0\} \times \mathbb R_+ \times \mathbb R^d$ and $\mathbb R_+ \times\{0\}\times \mathbb R^d$. The operators ${}_{t_1}D^\beta$ and ${}_{t_1}D^\gamma$ are Caputo fractional derivatives of order $\beta, \gamma \in (0, 1)$ and $L_{x}$ is the generator of a diffusion semigroup: $L_x= \nabla \cdot(a(x) \nabla)$ for some nice function $a(x)$. The Greens function of such boundary value problems are decomposed into its components along each boundary, giving rise to a natural extension to the case involving $k \geq 2$ number of fractional derivatives on the left hand side.
Multilingual Processing Phenomena in Learners of Portuguese as a Third or Additional Language

The purpose of the study has been an analysis of Polish students’ cued translation of Polish (L1) and English or French (L2) sentences into Portuguese (third or additional language in De Angelis’s (2007) terminology). In particular, the study investigates cross-linguistic interaction (Herdina and Jessner’s (2002) term) in multilingual processing involved in L3 production. In fact, translation constitutes a special case of production because, on the one hand, the content is already contained in the L1 or L2 source sentences, but at the same time, this is not necessarily a facilitation, as the cues may require the use of words or structures the participants might not use in free production. The article is based on two studies carried out with thirty and forty-two students of Portuguese philology respectively. As the results show, cross-linguistic interaction in various directions was observed, not only from L2 (English or French), L3 (in those participants for whom Portuguese was an L4 and their L3 was Spanish or Italian), L4, etc. or, intralingually, from Portuguese, but also from L1, despite the distance between Polish and Portuguese and the special status of the native language. However, the amount of interference and/or negative transfer often depended on the sentence rather than on the language combination. The diversity of the observed interactions also supports Herdina and Jessner’s (2002) claim of the dynamic and unpredictable nature of cross-linguistic interaction.
Spatiotemporal Graphs for Object Segmentation and Human Pose Estimation in Videos

Images and videos can be naturally represented by graphs, with spatial graphs for images and spatiotemporal graphs for videos. However, for different applications, there are usually different formulations of the graphs, and algorithms for each formulation have different complexities. Therefore, wisely formulating the problem to ensure an accurate and efficient solution is one of the core issues in Computer Vision research. We explore three problems in this domain to demonstrate how to formulate all of these problems in terms of spatiotemporal graphs and obtain good and efficient solutions. The first problem we explore is video object segmentation. The goal is to segment the primary moving objects in the videos. This problem is important for many applications, such as content based video retrieval, video summarization, activity understanding and targeted content replacement. In our framework, we use object proposals, which are object-like regions obtained by low-level visual cues. Each object proposal has an object-ness score associated with it, which indicates how likely this object proposal corresponds to an object. The problem is formulated as a directed acyclic graph, for which nodes represent the object proposals and edges represent the spatiotemporal relationship between nodes. A dynamic programming solution is employed to select one object proposal from each video frame, while ensuring their consistency throughout the video frames. Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) are used for modeling the background and foreground, and Markov Random Fields (MRFs) are employed to smooth the pixel-level segmentation. In the above spatiotemporal graph formulation, we consider the object segmentation in only single video. Next, we consider multiple videos and model the video co-segmentation problem as a spatiotemporal graph. The goal here is to simultaneously segment the moving objects from multiple videos and assign common objects the same labels. The problem is formulated as a regulated maximum clique problem using object proposals. The object proposals are tracked in adjacent frames to generate a pool of candidate tracklets. Then an undirected graph is built with the nodes corresponding to the tracklets from all the videos and edges representing the similarities between the tracklets. A modified Bron-Kerbosch Algorithm is applied to the graph in order to select the prominent objects contained in these videos, hence relate the segmentation of each object in different videos. In online and surveillance videos, the most important object class is the human. In contrast to generic video object segmentation and co-segmentation, specific knowledge about humans, which is defined by a pose (i.e. human skeleton), can be employed to help the segmentation and tracking of people in the videos. We formulate the problem of human pose estimation in videos using the spatiotemporal graph. In this formulation, the nodes represent different body parts in the video frames and edges represent the spatiotemporal relationship between body parts in…
Sound Editing on the Sonogram

Sound editing applications commonly use a waveform display to graphically represent a sound signal. This representation not only conveys little information relevant to sound design, it also severely limits the ways in which the user can interact with the sound. By placing the sonogram at the center, AudioSculpt provides a more intuitive and insightful visualization, while at the same time allowing new ways of interacting with the sound's content, such as copy/paste of parts of the spectrum.
Performance Measures , Discretionary Accruals , and CEO Cash Compensation

In this paper, we examine the effect of discretionary accruals on the incremental weights of performance measures in rewarding executive cash compensation. Based on the agency theory, we predict and test that the weight placed on accounting earnings decreases and those on the alternative measures such as returns and operating cash flows increase, as the likelihood of discretionary accruals causing information uncertainty in earnings increases. Our results support the predictions. JEL Classifications: J33, M41
Review : Immobilization and application of lipase

The current demands of the world’s biotechnological industries are enhancement in enzyme productivity and development of novel techniques for increasing their shelf life. Immobilized enzymes are more robust and more resistant to environmental changes than free enzymes in solution. Enzyme immobilization provides an excellent base for increasing availability of enzyme to the substrate with greater turnover over a considerable period of time. Several natural and synthetic supports have been assessed for their efficiency for enzyme immobilization. Future investigations should adopt logistic and appropriate entrapment techniques along with innovatively modified supports to improve the state of enzyme immobilization, providing new perspectives to the industrial sector. This paper reviews recent literature on enzyme immobilization by various techniques, as well as immobilization strategies and their application.
Payments for Ecosystem Services as Neoliberal Conservation : ( Reinterpreting ) Evidence from the Maloti-Drakensberg , South Africa Bram Büscher

Copyright: © Büscher 2012. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use and distribution of the article, provided the original work is cited. Abstract Payments for ecosystem/environmental services (PES) interventions aim to subject ecosystem conservation to market dynamics and are often posited as win-win solutions to contemporary ecological, developmental and economic quagmires. This paper aims to contribute to the heated debate on PES by giving contrasting evidence from the Maloti-Drakensberg area, a crucial site for water and biodiversity resources in southern Africa. Several PES initiatives and studies, especially those associated with the Maloti-Drakensberg Transfrontier Project (MDTP), claim that an ‘ecosystem services’ market in the area is feasible and desirable. Based on empirical research in the area between 2003 and 2008, the paper challenges these assertions. It argues that the internationally popular PES trend provided an expedient way for the MDTP implementers to deal with the immense socio-political and institutional pressures they faced. Following and in spite of, tenuous assumptions and one-sided evidence, PES was marketed as a ‘success’ by the MDTP and associated epistemic communities that are implicated in and dependent on, this ‘success’. The paper concludes that PES and the process by which it was marketed are both inherent to ‘neoliberal conservation’—the paradoxical idea that capitalist markets are the answer to their own ecological contradictions.
Pain in Older Individuals and Its Association with Latent Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation

Objective: Immunosenescence is a natural process of aging. Pain, a severe stressor, is associated with immune dysregulation. Latent herpes virus reactivation is an indicator of poor cellular immune function. The present study examined the association between pain, latent Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) reactivation, and markers of inflammation in older individuals. Methods: Eighty-two individuals (x̅age= 67.0; range 36 85 years) examined for pain (SF-36 pain subscale), EBV Viral Capsid Antigen (VCA) IgG antibody titers, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to identify potential associations between pain, EBV VCA IgG antibody titers and inflammation. Hierarchical linear regression models were conducted using the PROCESS macro for SPSS to examine the association between age, EBV VCA IgG antibody titers and markers of inflammation. Results: Older age (B = .033; p = .024) and higher pain (B = .354; p = .004) were associated with greater latent EBV reactivation. A moderation model suggested that pain and EBV VCA IgG antibody titers were associated with older age among individuals with higher pain (Binteraction = .013; p = .025), but not among those with lower pain (Binteraction = -.004; p = .60). Specifically, older age (≥ 59 years) was associated with more EBV VCA IgG antibody titers among those who reported higher pain levels (SF-36 pain subscale ≥ 54.1; 13% of the sample). No significant relationship between EBV VCA IgG antibody titers and markers of inflammation were identified. Discussion: The current study extends prior work on EBV reactivation by suggesting that older age (≥ 59 years) is associated with increased EBV VCA antibody titers among those individuals who reported higher pain levels. Continued research is needed to clarify the complexity of age-related symptoms associated with latent EBV infection and immune dysregulation.
ESTIMATION OF THE GLOBAL OPTIMALITY FOR MULTIPLE TUNED MASS DAMPER SYSTEMS USING ORDER STATISTICS

Makoto Yamakawa1, Susumu Yoshinaka2, Yoshikazu Araki3, Koji Uetani4 and Ken'ichi Kawaguchi5 1 Tokyo Denki University, 5 Senju-Asahi-cho, Adachi-ku, Tokyo 120-8551, Japan, myamakawa@mail.dendai. ac.jp 2 Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-0022, Japan, yoshinaka@arch.eng.osaka-cu.ac.jp 3 Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan, araki@archi.kyoto-u.ac.jp 4 Setsunan University, 17-8 Ikeda-Nakamachi, Neyagawa, Osaka 572-8508, Japan, uetani@arc.setsunan. ac.jp 5 Institute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan, kawaken@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp
AN INVESTIGATION ON THE LEVEL OF BURNOUT AND LIFE SATISFACTION OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

This study aimed to investigate the level of burnout and life satisfaction among university students was conducted with the participation of 353 students attending the Departments of Health Administration and Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation at Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Health Sciences. In the study, the “Burnout Measure – Short Version” developed by Pines (2005) and adapted into Turkish by Tümkaya et al. (2009), and the “Satisfaction with Life Scale” developed by Diener et al. (1985) and adapted into Turkish by Köker (1991) and Yetim (1993) were used as the data collection instruments. The study results revealed significant differences in the level of Burnout and Life Satisfaction with respect to gender, monthly household income, parental education and engagement in leisure time activities (p<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the Life Satisfaction and Burnout scores with respect to age group, year at university, number of siblings, weekly course hours and the existence of a special girl/boyfriend.