Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SuperNPU: An Extremely Fast Neural Processing Unit Using Superconducting Logic Devices

Superconductor single-flux-quantum (SFQ) logic family has been recognized as a highly promising solution for the post-Moore’s era, thanks to its ultra-fast and low-power switching characteristics. Therefore, researchers have made a tremendous amount of effort in various aspects to promote the technology and automate its circuit design process (e.g., low-cost fabrication, design tool development). However, there has been no progress in designing a convincing SFQ-based architectural unit due to the architects’ lack of understanding of the technology’s potentials and limitations at the architecture level.In this paper, we present how to architect an SFQ-based architectural unit by providing design principles with an extreme-performance neural processing unit (NPU). To achieve the goal, we first implement an architecture-level simulator to model an SFQ-based NPU accurately. We validate this model using our die-level prototypes, design tools, and logic cell library. This simulator accurately measures the NPU’s performance, power consumption, area, and cooling overheads. Next, driven by the modeling, we identify key architectural challenges for designing a performance-effective SFQ-based NPU (e.g., expensive on-chip data movements and buffering). Lastly, we present SuperNPU, our example SFQ-based NPU architecture, which effectively resolves the challenges. Our evaluation shows that the proposed design outperforms a conventional state-of-the-art NPU by 23 times. With free cooling provided as done in quantum computing, the performance per chip power increases up to 490 times. Our methodology can also be applied to other architecture designs with SFQ-friendly characteristics.
Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System Used to classify the Five Major Types of Brain Tumors

Life threatening diseases in both male and female are Brain tumor, stroke, hemorrhage and multiple sclerosis (MS). The most common and widespread disease among these brain diseases is Brain tumor. Early and accurate diagnosis of brain lesion is vital for determining accurate treatment and prognosis. However, the diagnosis is a very challenging task and can only be performed by specialists in neuroradiology. In this paper, initially MRI image is taken as input and is normalized. The second stage includes extraction of feature vectors from the image which results in reducing redundancy of data to serve as the input to the classifier. The classifier extracted vector as features to produce classified output. The methodology performed very efficiently and accurately. Proposed work exhibits the application of Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) based classifier known as Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) to successfully classify the five major types of brain tumors.
Association of Childhood Adversities and Home Atmosphere with Physical Functioning in Old Age: The Helsinki Birth Cohort Study

Objective—Childhood adversities have been linked with adverse health outcomes, but less is known about the long-term consequences of childhood home atmosphere. We investigated whether childhood adversities and home atmosphere were associated with physical and mental functioning in older age. Methods—In the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study 2003 participants born 1934-44 had data available on 9 childhood home atmosphere items e.g. whether it was supportive and warm (sum score ranged between 0 and 36, higher score indicating better atmosphere), and 9 childhood adversities e.g. unemployment and divorce (sum score 0-9, coded into no; one; and two or more adversities) assessed in 2001-04. Of those, 835 had data on physical and mental functioning assessed using the Short Form 36 questionnaire in 2011-13. Results—Those who had experienced two or more childhood adversities were more likely to have poorer physical and mental functioning in older age compared to those with no adversities. A better home atmosphere score was associated with better mental functioning (per one unit higher score β 0.24, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.32, p<0.001). In models including both childhood adversities and Mikaela von Bonsdorff, PhD, Senior Researcher, Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Tel. +358 400 342 692, mikaela.vonbonsdorff@jyu.fi. Conflict of interest The authors have no competing interests. Author Manuscript Published in final edited form as: Age Ageing. 2019 January 01; 48(1): 80–86. doi:10.1093/ageing/afy153. home atmosphere, a more favorable home atmosphere was associated with better mental functioning while the association for childhood adversities attenuated. There were no associations between childhood adversities or home atmosphere and physical functioning in the models that included both childhood exposures. Conclusions—Childhood adversities and home atmosphere have long-term associations with physical and mental functioning in older age.
MOVING OBJECTS AWARE SENSOR MESH FUSION FOR INDOOR RECONSTRUCTION FROM A COUPLE OF 2D LIDAR SCANS

Abstract. Indoor mapping attracts more attention with the development of 2D and 3D camera and Lidar sensor. Lidar systems can provide a very high resolution and accurate point cloud. When aiming to reconstruct the static part of the scene, moving objects should be detected and removed which can prove challenging. This paper proposes a generic method to merge meshes produced from Lidar data that allows to tackle the issues of moving objects removal and static scene reconstruction at once. The method is adapted to a platform collecting point cloud from two Lidar sensors with different scan direction, which will result in different quality. Firstly, a mesh is efficiently produced from each sensor by exploiting its natural topology. Secondly, a visibility analysis is performed to handle occlusions (due to varying viewpoints) and remove moving objects. Then, a boolean optimization allows to select which triangles should be removed from each mesh. Finally, a stitching method is used to connect the selected mesh pieces. Our method is demonstrated on a Navvis M3 (2D laser ranger system) dataset and compared with Poisson and Delaunay based reconstruction methods.
Cuba's Disaster Management Model: Should it be Emulated?

The article offers a criticism of the point of view that disaster programs in Cuba should be emulated by other countries. It shows the relationship that exists between disaster vulnerability and resilience, to shed light on the promises as well as the problems of using Cuba as a model to emulate in social development. Cuba has an excellent record when it comes to disaster preparedness and response involving warning and evacuation, in which governmental control of the population is used very effectively to minimize the potential morbidity and mortality of hurricanes and tropical storms. It nevertheless has a very poor record in dealing with disaster reconstruction, recovery, and mitigation as well as with solving slow onset chronic problems and vulnerabilities of the population.
MOISTURE EXCHANGE BETWEEN THE ATMOSPHERE AND SOME LICHENS OF THE GENUS CLADONIA

Fruticose lichens obtain water by (1) absorption of vapor from the air, (2) absorption of liquid from the soil through the basal part of the thallus and (3) absorption of dew or rain through the upper surface, particularly the tips of the podetia (Kolumbe 1927). An important part of the mechanism of uptake seems to be imbibition of water by thick, gelatinized hyphal walls (Goebel 1926). The rate of water uptake from vapor is much lower than from liquid and the amount which can be gained is less (Neubauer 1938, Biebl 1962). The water obtained by either route is stored in capillary spaces between hyphae and as imbibi? tion water in the hyphal walls (Stocker 1927). Water loss occurs through evaporation. My study was undertaken to describe water exchange with the atmosphere by selected species of Cladonia and to evaluate the effect of relative humidity upon water content of the thallus.
Food and Agriculture Residue (FAR): A Potential Substrate for Tannase and Gallic Acid Production using Competent Microbes

The study establishes potential of carefully designed formulations of Food and Agricultural Residues (FAR) as most viable and natural substrates for the production of commercially important enzyme tannase and a byproduct gallic acid through Solid State Fermentation (SSF). Novelty of this study was formulation of FAR to achieve better production of tannase and gallic acid by optimizing choice of FAR and its combinations for SSF. Twenty bacterial cultures were successfully isolated and among them sixteen were found with tannase producing ability. Of the entire group of bacteria isolated, two bacterial isolates (B 2.2 and B 2.7) emerged as the best performing candidates in terms of both enzyme and gallic acid production. One Fungal isolate (F1) has also been included in this study from our laboratory collection. A total of 6 FARs (PP, STP, TSP, CH, CC and BP) that are rich in natural tannins were tested in six different combinations. PP with STP in the ratio of 1:1 was found to be most preferred FAR combination by all three isolates (B 2.2, B 2.7, & F 1) for the production of tannase and gallic acid. Maximum tannase (19.02 U/g) and gallic acid (5.32 mg/g) production were achieved by F1, closely followed by B 2.2 and B 2.7. Amongst bacterial isolates, B 2.2 was leading in production of tannase (13.21 U/g) and gallic acid (3.51 mg/g) whereas B 2.7 proved second best registering 9.15 U/g of tannase and 3.36 mg/g of gallic acid. The combination PP with BP was observed to be the second best preferred FAR formulation for the production. Further variations in the formulation of FAR and relative ratios of individual FAR were tested and arrived at a conclusion that PP with STP mixed in a ratio of 1:1 as the most suitable FAR combination for optimal yield of enzyme and its byproduct.
How does the intervertebral discs parameter variation affect the biomechanical behavior of spinal structures? Results of a detailed study of multibody simulation sensitivity

 Abstract — At the present there is a variety of ways to investigate the biomechanical properties of human structures. experimenting and imaging, computer modeling is an established method to calculate the kinematics and kinetics. lumbar spine models been created, sensitivity of the model to input parameters has been studied. a modeling, the effects and the interaction of various input parameters be in for the development of patient-specific models knowledge about the influence of the input parameter constitutes the basis of solid modeling. In the respective literature, especially the performance of the intervertebral disc is described as central to any spine model and thus requires a detailed investigation at first. intervertebral disc, influence of parameters.
Porosity Measurement of Iron Oxide by Using Computer Vision System

In this work, a proposed Computer Vision System (CVS) has been applied to measure the porosity of iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ) specimens. Measurement of the porosity using CVS reduces time, effort and cost compared to the conventional methods. Fe 3 O 4 was received from iron rolling process in the form of thin layer, and then converted to powder by grinding process and filtering by 200  m sieve. Fe 3 O 4 specimens were then manufactured by powder metallurgy (PM) technique using steel die subjected to a compression load (300 KN) to form cylindrical discs with 27 mm diameter and 10 mm height. Optical microscope with digital camera has been used in capturing images of the surfaces of Fe 3 O 4 specimens. The proposed CVS uses k-means algorithms, which divide the intended surfaces into distinct regions and by computing the ratio between these regions, the specimen porosity is obtained. Layers of the specimens are removed to measure the average porosity inside the specimens. The average value of porosity of specimens has been obtained for the original specimen and its mean value is  26.39%. In comparison, the porosity computed by CVS was very close to that obtained using conventional method, which confirms the efficiency of this technique.
MODELING AND SIMULATION OF THE ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE FOR THE CONTROL DESIGN PURPOSES

Steel is one of the most universal and widely used materials, for which there is yet no suitable substitution. It is produced in two main routes: the ore base route and the scrap based route. The second route is becoming increasingly important, due to large quantities of available scrap metal and today represents more than 1/3 of the world’s annual steel production. Therefore, the operation of the electric arc furnace (EAF), which is used to melt the scrap and the melting process also represent an interesting technical, economic and ecologic research field. The main idea of the EAF is to use the heat, which is dissipated from the electric arcs to melt the steel loaded in the baskets. Therefore, in this paper we present an approach to mathematical modeling of the electric processes in an AC EAF, which represent the most critic, complex and very important part of the whole EAF model, which further consist of several energy balance and chemical processes. The presented model is obtained according to different mathematical, physical and electrical laws. The parameters, which are needed to correctly identify the melting process have been fitted experimentally using the measured data of an 80MVA AC furnace operation. Similar data has also been used for the model validation in different operating situations. The aim of the EAF modeling is to obtain a reliable mathematical model of the scrap melting process, which shall further be used for control design purposes and optimization of the energy consumption.
SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATE REDUCTION USING EBG STRUCTURE AS SUPERSTRATE FOR TEXTILE ANTENNA

The Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) band textile antenna is designed with novel E-shape Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure as superstrate for reduction of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) for wearable applications in this paper. The performance of textile antenna is evaluated with and without E-shape EBG array on phantom model of human body. The Return loss and VSWR of proposed textile antenna are simulated and measured.
Increased carbon capture by a silicate-treated forested watershed affected by acid deposition

Abstract. Meeting internationally agreed-upon climate targets requires carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategies coupled with an urgent phase-down of fossil fuel emissions. However, the efficacy and wider impacts of CDR are poorly understood. Enhanced rock weathering (ERW) is a land-based CDR strategy requiring large-scale field trials. Here we show that a low 3.44 t ha−1 wollastonite treatment in an 11.8 ha acid-rain-impacted forested watershed in New Hampshire, USA, led to cumulative carbon capture by carbonic acid weathering of 0.025–0.13 t CO2 ha−1 over 15 years. Despite a 0.8–2.4 t CO2 ha−1 logistical carbon penalty from mining, grinding, transportation, and spreading, by 2015 weathering together with increased forest productivity led to net CDR of 8.5–11.5 t CO2 ha−1. Our results demonstrate that ERW may be an effective, scalable CDR strategy for acid-impacted forests but at large scales requires sustainable sources of silicate rock dust.
A Systematic Scoping Review of Systematic Reviews in Palliative Medicine Education

A Systematic Scoping Review of Systematic Reviews in Palliative Medicine Education Zheng Hui Maha,b, Ruth Si Man Wonga,b, Ryan Ern Wei Seowa,b, Eleanor Kei Ying Loha,b, Nur Haidah Ahmad Kamala,b, Ryan Rui Song Onga,b, Lorraine Hui En Tana,b, Min Chiamc*, Annelissa Mien Chew Chind, Jamie Xuelian Zhoub,e, Gillian Li Gek Phuab,e, Yoke-Lim Soongc,e,f, Jin Wei Kwekc,e,g and Lalit Kumar Radha Krishnaa-c,e,h-j a Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore;10 Medical Dr, Singapore 117597 b Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore; 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore 169610 c Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore; 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore 169610 d Medical Library, National University of Singapore Libraries, National University of Singapore; Block MD 6, 14 Medical Drive, #05-01 Singapore 117599 e Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore;8 College Rd, Singapore 169857 f Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore;11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore 169610 g Division of Oncologic Imaging, National Cancer Centre Singapore;11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore 169610 h Centre for Biomedical Ethics, National University of Singapore; Blk MD 11, 10 Medical Drive #02-03 Singapore 117597 i Palliative Care Institute Liverpool, Academic Palliative & End of Life Care Centre, University of Liverpool; Cancer Research Centre, University of Liverpool, 200 London Rd, Liverpool L3 9TA, United Kingdom j PalC, The Palliative Care Centre for Excellence in Research and Education, Singapore;10 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433 Palliative Medicine & Care: Open Access Open Access Review Article
The Osteocranium of the American Cyprinid Fish, Notropis bi- frenatus, with an Annotated Synonymy of Teleost Skull Bones

CONTRIBUTIONS to cyprinid skull morphology in the decades following publication of Sagemehl's classic monograph (1891) were summed up by Gregory (1933). Although the family Cyprinidae is "probably the largest of the recognized fish families" (Hubbs and Lagler, 1947), these were few. Sagemehl, besides, gave more than proportionate attention to the skulls of Catostomidae, Homalopteridae and Cobitidae. The systematic groups within the family are still based on superficial characters, and its immediate antecedents remain obscure (Guenther, 1868; Sagemehl, 1891; Regan, 1911; Gregory, 1933; Nichols, 1938; Berg, 1940; Tretiakov, 1945, 1946; Kryzanovsky, 1947). Teleostean skull morphology has since been enriched by important ontogenetic studies and by longer typological series, of both living and fossil provenience. The cyprinid skull in particular has begun to receive attention more commensurate with its importance. The subjects of the more important investigations are the ontogeny of the occipital region and Weberian ossicles (Nusbaum, 1908; Matveiev, 1929; de Beer, 1937: 140; Watson, 1939), and of the entire chondrocranium (Hubendick, 1942), the morphology of the ethmoid region (Starks, 1926), the pharyngeal process of the basioccipital (Chranilov, 1927), the pharyngeal teeth (Chu, 1935), the dermal bones related to the latero-sensory canals (Sagemehl, 1891; Allis, 1904; Tretiakov, 1945, 1946; Devillers, 1947; Lekander, 1949), and of the sensory canals themselves (Manigk, 1933; Devillers, 1944). Light is also shed on cyprinid skull morphology by the recent study of the homalopterid skull (Ramaswami, 1948). Published illustraLions of cyprinid skulls, however, even in the osteologies of particular species (Koh, 1931; Tchang, 1950; Tchang and Pao, 1934), fail to show clearly all the bones, and an up-todate nomenclature remains to be applied to all the skull bones of any one species. An attempt has been made here (1) to describe the skull of a cyprinid, making full use of existing terminology with special application to the group; (2) to illustrate clearly each bone in relation to adjacent bones; and (3) to name each bone in conformity with the present state of teleostean skull morphology. Synonymies of the more controversial bones are considered in alphabetical order, under the names used in the description and figures. These names represent, in general, resolutions of the often conflicting claims of paleontology, of different branches of morphology, and of usage, past and present, here and abroad. No problem of naming has been consciously avoided, and the explicit citation of authorities, invoked in justification of the names decided upon, should facilitate constructive criticism.
Winter Food-habits of Red Deer ( Cervus elaphus alxaicus ) in Helan Mountains, China

Winter diet composition, selectivity and foraging strategy of red deer ( Cervus elaphus alxaicus ) was studied with a microhistological analysis technique, using faeces and food in the stomach in combination with field investigations from November 2003 to February 2004 in Helan Mountains between Ningxia Muslem Municipality and Inner Mongolia Municipality. We collected 219 faeces pellets from red deer,which formed 14 composite samples. The results showed that Ulmus pumila , Populus davidiana , Prunus monglica , Dasiphora spp. , Graminoids (Stipa spp., Poa spp.) and Caragana spp. were staples of the red deer. The percentages of the above items in the diet were 27.37%, 11.75%, 9.83%, 8.12%, 7.51% and 6.52% respectively. The red deer had positive selectivity for Ulmus pumila, Populus davidiana, Prunus monglica, Dasiphora spp. , Caragana spp. and Juniperus rigida , and negative selectivity for Graminoids (Stipa spp., Poa spp.), Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus crassifolia . Their preference order was as follows: Populus davidiana>Juniperus rigida>Caragana spp. >Prunus monglica>Dasiphora spp. >Ulmus pumila>Graminoids>Pinus tabulaeformis>Pinus crassifolia. The results of spearman correlative analysis has show that the food selectivities of red deer did not correlate with water, crude ashes, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre and nitrogen-free extract. The crude protein percentage in the nutritional composition of browsed plants, was sufficient for the red deer, but energy expenditure may be a more critical factor for the wintering red deer. To obtain maximum energy input with minimum energy output is the foraging strategy of the red deer in winter.
Injeq IQ-Needle*-A thin needle with bio-impedance measuring probe: tissue recognition performance assessed in in vivo animal study

Various medical procedures require precise insertion of a needle, or a comparable surgical device, into a specific tissue type or anatomical structure. Injeq has developed a bio-impedance spectroscopy based localized tissue recognition technology at the tip of a hypodermic needle. This study explores the performance of the developed system in two in vivo animal studies. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed tissue recognition system for clinical work.
Growth-associated messenger ribonucleic acid expression in a model of successful central nervous system regeneration

Recent experiments examining the development and plasticity of the chick embryonic spinal cord have described its inherent ability to recover from injury suffered prior to embryonic day (E)13. Severing the spinal cord on or before E12 resulted in complete anatomical and functional recovery, which defined the permissive period for repair. Transections performed on E13 or later resulted in paraplegia characteristic of the restrictive period for repair. Previous studies have described the expression of growth-associated proteins (GAPs) such as GAP 43 and a-tubulin which were expressed at high levels during axon extension, then down-regulated at the time of target contact. These proteins were also expressed during abortive attempts at regeneration, and characterized a genetic growth program which was recruited after injury. This study examined the neuronal response to injury as reflected by changes in growth-associated gene expression in the hindbrain measured using Northern blotting. Levels of mRNA for GAP 43 and total a-tubulin during normal development were found to peak at E10-12, the period of maximal outgrowth of brainstem-spinal projections. Complete spinal cord transections performed on Ell (successful repair) or E14 (unsuccessful repair) did not detectably alter total a-tubulin mRNA levels. GAP 43 mRNA levels were not detectably altered after Eli transection. In contrast, transection on E14 (unsuccessful repair) resulted in a maintained increase in GAP 43 mRNA levels at least until 7 days post-transection, the longest survival period studied. Northern blotting was likely not sensitive enough to detect the full complement of changes which occurred after injury. However, transection during the restrictive period for repair resulted in a maintained increase in GAP 43 mRNA expression. These data suggested that some brainstem-spinal