Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Semisupervised Classification of PolSAR Image Incorporating Labels’ Semantic Priors

Deep learning techniques represented by deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely used in polarimetric synthetic-aperture radar (PolSAR) image classification in recent years. One challenge is how to get a pleasant classification result with limited human-labeled samples. In this letter, a novel semisupervised classification method incorporating labels’ semantic priors is proposed for PolSAR image classification with limited labeled samples. The core idea is that a good classification result map should have consistent regions and aligned boundaries. Thus, a cost function is proposed, which mainly contains three terms including a supervised term, a region consistency term, and a boundary kept term. The supervised term enforces the category label to be the same with the human-labeled labels. The region consistency term encourages the labels in one region to be consistent. The boundary-kept term constrains the region consistency term, preventing the classification map from being too smooth. An alternate iterative optimization method is proposed to solve this equation. First, a CNN is trained using the labeled samples and the classification probability map. Then, the classification probability map is updated by the prediction of the trained CNN and the labeled samples. Repeat these two procedures until the maximum number of iterations is met. Experiments on two real PolSAR images are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method compared with several state-of-the-art methods.
An Animal Study to Compare Hepatoprotective Effects Between Fermented Rice Bran and Fermented Rice Germ and Soybean in a Sprague-Dawley Rat Model of Alcohol-Induced Hepatic Injury

We compared hepatoprotective effects between fermented rice bran (FRB) and fermented rice germ and soybean (FRS) in a Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model of alcohol-induced hepatic injury (AIHI). To establish an SD rat model of AIHI, the SD rats were given 30% ethanol or water without ethanol treatment. Then, they were given 30% ethanol followed by FRB or FRS at concentrations of 15% or 30%. Our results indicate that the FRB might be more effective in lowering serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the serum and liver mitochondria, serum triglyceride levels and ALDH levels at a concentration of 15%, serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), GSH levels at a concentration of 30% and MDA levels in the liver homogenate and microsome, and hepatic triglyceride levels at both concentrations as compared with the FRS. It can therefore be concluded that FRB might also be considered as an alternative to FRS in improving the AIHI.
Management of Lymphedema

Lymphedema is a chronic, progressive condition caused by an imbalance of lymphatic flow. Over time, lymphedema leads to fat deposition and subsequent fibrosis of the surrounding tissues. These chronic changes are irreversible and are painful and debilitating to a patient’s daily activities. Lymphedema is classified into primary and secondary types. Primary lymphedema results from genetic or developmental anomalies, while secondary lymphedema results from postnatal causes including infection, trauma, surgery, and radiation. Worldwide, the leading cause of lymphedema is filiriasis, a parasitic infection caused by the roundworm Wuchereria bancrofti, which mostly affects developing countries. In developed countries, however, the leading cause of lymphedema is the consequence of oncologic therapies. It can be a dreaded and not uncommon complication from the treatment of various cancers, particularly breast cancer, gynecologic cancers, melanomas, and other skin cancers and urologic cancers. Additionally, elements, such as obesity, extent of axillary surgery, radiotherapy, infection, and trauma, have been identified as factors predisposing to lymphedema. Recently, the prevalence and incidence of breast cancer-related lymphedema has been increasing rapidly in most countries. Breast cancer-related lymphedema impacts on average 21% of breast cancer patients, although incidence rates can range from 2% to 65% depending on surgical, radiation, and systemic therapy treatment decisions as well as patient specific factors. More aggressive local therapy (mastectomy vs. breast conservation), axillary surgery (axillary dissection vs. sentinel node biopsy), radiation therapy (regional nodal irradiation), and use of systemic therapies are all associated with increased risk of lymphedema. Recent studies have found the incidence of breast cancer-related lymphedema to be 10% to 40% with regional nodal irradiation and 10% to 50% with axillary dissection. Lymphedema has always been considered an intractable disease. Recently, due to the development of microsurgery, Management of Lymphedema
Three kinds of demand pull for the ARPANET into the Internet

Abstract This essay examines how the US government intelligence community (IC) as well as the public and commercial sectors contributed demand-pull, in different ways, for an unregulated, privatized Internet. Demand-pull entails more demand than supply, or a shortage in supply (such as a shortage in networks and thus a demand-pull for them). It is argued that an excessive supply of Cold War era IC spy data, which required high-speed data processing, incentivized ARPANET expansion. In the public sector, people wanted expanded networks for personal computing and in the commercial sector there was demand-pull for unregulated networks that bootlegged and gifted PROMIS derived software could be harnessed to. The IC demand pulled for their own cloned and separate networks, while the public demand pulled for their own networks and commercial interests demand pulled for unregulated, privatized and expanded networks. Together these different demand-pull scenarios incentivized a speedy and unchallenged privatization of an Internet that was neither owned nor regulated by any one government or company.
Japanese Legal Term Correction using Random Forest

We propose a method that assists legislation drafters in finding inappropriate use of Japanese legal terms and their corrections from Japanese statutory sentences. In particular, we focus on sets of similar legal terms whose usages are strictly defined in legislation drafting rules that have been established over the years. In this paper, we first define input and output of legal term correction task. We regard it as a special case of sentence completion test with multiple choices. Next, we describe a legal term correction method for Japanese statutory sentences. Our method predicts suitable legal terms using Random Forest classifiers. The classifiers in our method use adjacent words to a target legal term as input features, and are optimized in various parameters including the number of adjacent words to be used for each legal term set. We conduct an experiment using actual statutory sentences from 3,983 existing acts and cabinet orders that consist of approximately 47M words in total. As for legal term sets, we pick 27 sets from legislation drafting manuals. The experimental result shows that our method outperformed existing modern word prediction methods using neural language models and that each Random Forest classifier utilizes characteristics of its corresponding legal term set.
Cell-based simulations of Notch-dependent cell differentiation on growing domains

Notch signalling controls cell differentiation and proliferation in many tissues. The Notch signal is generated by the interaction between the Notch receptor of one cell with the Notch ligand (Delta or Jagged) of a neighbouring cell. Therefore, the pathway requires cell-cell contact in order to be active. During organ development, cell differentiation occurs concurrently with tissue growth and changes in cell morphology. How growth impacts on Notch signalling and cell differentiation remains poorly understood. Here, we developed a modelling environment to simulate Notch signalling in a growing tissue. We use our model to simulate the differentiation process of pancreatic progenitor cells. Our results suggest that Notch-mediated differentiation in the developing pancreas is first mediated by geometric effects that result in loss of Notch signalling on the tissue boundary, leading to the differentiation of tip versus trunk cells. A second wave of differentiation further happens in the trunk cells due to a reduction in the expression of the ligand Jagged, which has been shown to be controlled by signalling factors secreted from the surrounding mesenchyme. Our results bring new insights into how cells coordinate tissue growth with cell fate specification during organ development.
Tonal languages speech synthesis using an indirect pitch markers and the quantitative target approximation methods

Synthesizing tones plays an important role in text-to-speech systems of tonal languages. To accomplish this, the two important steps are to determine the pitch markers of voice utterances and synthesize F0 trajectories for lexical tones. In this paper, we propose two efficient algorithms, one of them is to locate the pitch markers at the peaks of the cumulative signal of each voiced part of the input utterance and the other is to generate F0 trajectories of tones with quantitative target approximation (qTA) parameters of Xu model. The experimentation has shown that the proposed algorithms present pitch markers with high accuracy which has enabled us to generate tones with complex shapes.
Wide-Range Fiber Bragg Grating Tilt Sensor Based on a Cam Structure

This work presents a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) wide-range tilt sensor based on a cam structure. Two FBGs are fixed on a specially-designed sensor shell. When one FBG is stretched by the rotating cam driven by tilt, the other FBG moves along a standard semicircle with a constant radius, and compensates for temperature variations of the stretched FBG. By detecting the difference of the central wavelength shifts of two FBGs, variations of the tilt angle can be measured. The detailed mechanical structure design and measurement theory of the sensor is presented, and the sensor prototype is discussed. Testing results of comprehensive performance show that there is a good linear relationship between the tilt angle and the central wavelength of the FBG over three intervals from -90° to 90°. The repeatability and creep resistance of the FBG tilt sensor are good, the measuring accuracy is 1.516°, and the measuring resolution is 0.003°. The measurement range is much larger than comparable existing sensors, and it avoids cross-sensitivity between temperature and strain for FBG. The sensitivity of the sensor can be easily adjusted by changing the outline of the cam, or the length of the optical fiber between two fixed points.
Long Term Outcome in Survivors of Decompressive Craniectomy following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Background: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is done for the management of intracranial hypertension due to severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). Despite DC, a number of patients die and others suffer from severe neurological disability. We conducted this observational study to assess functional outcome as measured by Glasgow outcome scale-extended (GOSE) in survivors of DC. The correlation between various factors at admission and hospital with functional outcome was also obtained. Materials and Methods: Patients (15–65 years) posted for cranioplasty following DC due to sTBI were prospectively enrolled. Demographic profile, clinical data, and GOSE were noted at the time of admission for cranioplasty from the patient or nearest relative or both. Retrospective data noted from hospital records included admission Marshalls grading, Glasgow coma score (GCS), motor response, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and timing of DC at the time of initial admission following sTBI. Results: A total of 85 patients (71 males and 14 females) were enrolled over a period of 2 years. The mean age of the patients was 33.42 ± 12.70 years. The median GCS at the time of admission due to head injury, at the time of discharge, and at the time of cranioplasty was 8 (interquartile range [IQR] 3–15), 10 (IQR 4–15), and 15 (IQR 7–15), respectively. Thirty-one patients (36%) had good functional outcome (GOSE 5–8) and 54 patients (64%) had poor functional outcome (GOSE 1–4). On univariate analysis tracheostomy (P = 0.00), duration of hospital stay (P = 0.002), MAP at admission (P = 0.01), and GCS at discharge (P = 0.01) correlated with outcome [Table 1]. On multivariate analysis MAP at admission (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval {CI}]; 0.07 [0.01–0.40] and tracheostomy (OR [95% CI]; 15 [1.45–162.9]) were found to be the independent predictors of functional outcome. Conclusion: Significant disability is seen among the survivors of DC. Tracheostomy and MAP at admission were found to be independently associated with the patient outcome. {Table 1}
Indications to Promote Physical Activity during Pregnancy

Reduced physical activity in pregnancy is often associated with a progressive increase of chronic metabolic disease and to an enhanced risk for the child. The majority of women are less physically active during pregnancy, despite the motivation to improve their health, quality of life, and fitness. Education on the benefits of regular physical activity in pregnancy is determinant as suggested by obstetricians and gynecologists. The specific programs need to be supported by specialists in Sports Medicine. Counseling and support by nurses can also be helpful in encouraging women to maintain a sufficient level of physical activity during pregnancy or to modify their lifestyle, adapting the single models and specific physical activity programs to their needs.
Detection of the Level of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 in Breast Cancer Patients

Matrix metalloproteinase-1 MMP1 has attracted interest in cancer research, owing to its role in tumour progression. The current study aimed to evaluate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 MMP1in human breast cancer women patients. An immunohistochemical study was performed using tumours from 41 breast cancer patients, with specific antibodies against, MMP-1The results indicated that expression was related to tumour size, histological grade, Regarding the malignant lesions, the age incidence in six cases below forty years were (19.37%). 23 patients (41.93%) were between (40-49) years. four cases (12.90%) were between (50-59) years old and eight cases were above (60) years old about (25.8%) matrix metalloproteinase-1 MMP1 is expressed in the cytoplasim of the cells. Negative expression scored (0) were observed in 25 out of 31samples (48.3%), while score (+) found in 5 out of 31samples (16.12%), score (++) found in 2 out of 31samples (6.4%) and score (+++) found in 9 out of 31samples (29%). While the benign breast lesions revealed positive expression in (5.26%) of lesions. Breast carcinomas in present work indicated overexpression strong by MMP1 marker.
Applications of polymerase chain reaction for the detection of equine Leishmania sp. infection

Leishmaniasis is a neglected zoonotic disease caused by a variety of pathogenic Leishmania species. In the New World, especially in Brazil, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by Leishmania infantum. The pathogen can infect several animal species including dogs, foxes, rodents, primates, felines, equines and humans. Dogs act as the primary domestic reservoirs. This study aimed to use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detecting Leishmania infection in horses living in a canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) endemic region. DNA samples from horse peripheral blood were used to perform PCR. Templates were amplified using primers for the kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) minicircles, which were able to detect different species of Leishmania. In addition, primers for internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA were used for detection of Trypanosomatidae sp. Amongst the 75 (39%) positive PCR samples from total 192 samples, 21 samples were positive for kDNA and 63 samples were positive for either ITS, ITS1, or ITS2 gene markers. The kDNA PCR and sequencing allowed the detection of L. infantum in horse blood samples. To our knowledge, this is the first report of equine infection with L. infantum in Southern Brazil. These results proved that L. infantum could also infect horses in addition to humans and dogs, as well as in European countries. This conclusion emphasizes the urgent need to follow up investigation of the infection in these animals.
A review of cold sintering processes

The need to reduce the energy consumed and the carbon footprint generated by firing ceramics has stimulated research to develop consolidation techniques operating at lower temperatures, ideally not exceeding 300 °C. This has been realised in Ultra Low Energy Sintering (ULES) using high pressure (hundreds of MPa) in the presence of a transient liquid phase, which accelerates plasticity, grain boundary/surface diffusion and mass transport. Several ULES techniques have been developed in the past 50 years, and a common feature of all of them is low temperature consolidation, through mechanisms not yet fully understood, enabling multi-material integration (e.g. organics and inorganics). This research could transform the traditional firing of functional and structural materials. Early stage work on ULES, started in the 1960s, clearly demonstrated cohesion between the compacted particles exceeding what was possible if simply produced by Van der Waals bonding, suggesting the formation of primary inter-particle bonds. Surprisingly, metals Cold Sintered (CS) in dry conditions at room temperature can be even stronger than their counterparts sintered at high temperatures (typically ≈ 2/3 Tm). Hydrothermal Hot Pressing (HHP) was originally conceived in the context of sustainability and environmental preservation, with some examples being the concept of ‘synthetic rock’ for immobilisation of toxic/radioactive waste and the consolidation of high surface area porous ceramics for filtration. Follow up work on HHP considered the possibility of recreating in the lab bio-mineralisation using hydroxyapatite and bioglass (including hybrids) as proof of concept. Recent work on the Cold Sintering Process has demonstrated the potential to bridge the processing gap of multi-material devices (sensors, batteries, 5G antennas, electronic components and biomaterials), enabling integration of polymers, ceramics and metals without degradation of the individual components both at the bulk and interface level. The absence of heating unlocks grain boundary design to an unprecedented level, offering further degrees of freedom in tuning functional properties. This review provides a wide perspective on room temperature consolidation, and covers the related but fragmented work published (≈ 450 papers) during the past 50 years, encompassing the relevant work developed in different disciplines including chemistry, physics, biology and geoscience. Liquid-assisted or liquid-mediated phenomena involving diffusion, plasticity, rheology, and grain growth are still largely unexplored in material science. The purpose of bringing together this literature is to build a general and multidisciplinary knowledge to guide future research directions. Both the reduction of energy consumption and carbon footprint are driving the growing interest in ULES, which could reinvent the concept of sintering, ‘rendering kilns obsolete’. Also, ULES has the potential to produce new classes of materials that cannot be fabricated using conventional routes.
Molecular Identification and Characterization of LEA Proteins in Jujube Genome

LEA proteins, which are involved in the normal growth and development processes of plants, also play a protective role against abiotic stresses such as salt stress and drought. Although the LEA gene family has been identified in many plants to date, no comprehensive study of the characterization of LEA-encoding genes in the jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) genome have been performed. As being the best-known member of Rhamnaceae family, jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is grown in Turkey as well as shows distribution especially in subtropical and tropical regions of the world. Jujube, containing high amounts of vitamin C and sugar; has economical and biological importance with anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, it was aimed to define and characterize LEA genes in jujube genome in detail by using bioinformatics tools. The results of the study will provide comprehensive data about the LEA gene family and will present preliminary information for the functional research of jujube LEA proteins.
Compensable occupational lung diseases in living miners and ex-miners in South Africa, 2003-2013

iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . vi LIST OF FIGURES . x LIST OF TABLES . xi ABBREVIATIONS . xiii CERTIFICATION TERMINOLOGY . xiv GLOSSARY . xv CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1
Profiling Mobile Users Privacy Preferences

The evolution of information technology encourages people to use a wide range of different applications for a different purpose. These applications collect large amounts of personal information about their users. Therefore, many users are concerned about how to manage and control the large volumes of personal information in order to protect their privacy. Most mobile privacy researches assume that users have a uniform privacy concerns. Whilst, the current research indicates that users have different privacy attitudes and expectations. Therefore, in order to cater to different user preferences, this paper presents a survey study aimed to cluster the entire user population into a number of subgroups that have similar preferences within the subgroups. Applying privacy profiles as default settings for initial interfaces could significantly reduce the burden and frustration of the user. The result shows that it is possible to cluster users into subgroups and the optimal number of clusters based on the k-means method is four clusters.
AragoJ: A free, open‐source software to aid single camera photogrammetry studies

Close‐range photogrammetry (CRP) is a well‐established technique to retrieve quantitative information from objects using photography. CRP is often used in morphology studies when the direct handling of individuals is unpractical or unethical, or to reduce processing costs and time. Although multiple software to extract quantitative information from 3D reconstructions of objects exist, tools for 2D CRP are scarce and often tailored for specific applications. We present AragoJ, a cross‐platform, open‐source, Java based software designed to integrate and streamline all 2D CRP workflow steps in a single program. AragoJ allows the user to perform all the main tasks involved in obtaining measurements from digital pictures, namely: (1) performing camera calibration and correcting radial picture distortions; (2) calculating a scaling factor either by: (a) utilizing a scale in the picture, or (b) based on camera specifications (focal distance and digital sensor size) and distance to object; (3) measuring and scaling the relevant traits in the photographs; (4) obtaining information from pictures’ digital metadata files; and (5) exporting measurements and metadata to a comma separated values file. AragoJ was designed to be versatile and unconstrained, in order to be useful for 2D CRP studies across multiple disciplines. The software, source code and detailed documentation are available from https://github.com/AzWhaleLab/AragoJ.
Optimisation of pyruvate hyperpolarisation using SABRE by tuning the active magnetisation transfer catalyst† †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. CCDC 1957542–1957543. For ESI and crystallographic data in CIF or other electronic format see DOI: 10.1039/c9cy02498k

SABRE catalysts [Ir(H)2(η2-pyruvate)(sulfoxide)(NCH) transfer magnetisation from para-hydrogen to pyruvate yielding hyperpolarised 13C NMR signals enhanced by >2000-fold. Properties of the catalyst control efficiency.