Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficiency potential of RGS silicon from current R&D production

Ribbon Growth on Substrate (RGS) is a low cost silicon ribbon material for photovoltaics. The RGS growth technique allows the direct growth of wafers with a very high production speed of one wafer per second. An industrial compatible cost effective screen printing process results in an efficiency of 13.1% for an untextured RGS cell. Based on this efficiency the silicon consumption per WPeak for a 300 μm thick RGS wafer calculates to 5.4 g/WPeak which is about 50% lower compared to standard block cast mc silicon material where a silicon loss of more than 50% appears due to ingot casting and wafering by wire saw. The silicon reduction is even more pronounced by the use of thinner RGS wafers. For efficiency demonstration a laboratory type high efficiency photolithography based process results in 14.4% efficiency on smaller cell size, which is the highest solar cell efficiency reached on RGS silicon so far. In this paper the applied cell processes as well as cell results are discussed by means of spectral response as well as spatially resolved LBIC measurements showing the characteristics of this multi-crystalline silicon ribbon material.
Altitude deviations: Breakdowns of an error-tolerant system

Pilot reports of aviation incidents to the Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) provide a window on the problems occurring in today's airline cockpits. The narratives of 10 pilot reports of errors made in the automation-assisted altitude-change task are used to illustrate some of the issues of pilots interacting with automatic systems. These narratives are then used to construct a description of the cockpit as an information processing system. The analysis concentrates on the error-tolerant properties of the system and on how breakdowns can occasionally occur. An error-tolerant system can detect and correct its internal processing errors. The cockpit system consists of two or three pilots supported by autoflight, flight-management, and alerting systems. These humans and machines have distributed access to clearance information and perform redundant processing of information. Errors can be detected as deviations from either expected behavior or as deviations from expected information. Breakdowns in this system can occur when the checking and cross-checking tasks that give the system its error-tolerant properties are not performed because of distractions or other task demands. Recommendations based on the analysis for improving the error tolerance of the cockpit system are given.
Evaluating Preschool Programs When Length of Exposure to the Program Varies: A Nonparametric Approach

Nonexperimental data are used to evaluate impacts of a Bolivian preschool program on cognitive, psychosocial, and anthropometric outcomes. Impacts are shown to be highly dependent on age and exposure duration. To minimize the effect of distributional assumptions, program impacts are estimated as nonparametric functions of age and duration. A generalized matching estimator is developed and used to control for nonrandom selectivity into the program and into exposure durations. Comparisons with three groupschildren in the feeder area not in the program, children in the program for 1 month, and children living in similar areas without the programindicate that estimates are robust for significant positive effects of the program on cognitive and psychosocial outcomes with 7 months' exposure, although the age patterns of effects differ slightly by comparison group.
Blossom‐Quad: A non‐uniform quadrilateral mesh generator using a minimum‐cost perfect‐matching algorithm

A new indirect way of producing all‐quad meshes is presented. The method takes advantage of a well‐known algorithm of the graph theory, namely the Blossom algorithm, that computes the minimum‐cost perfect matching in a graph in polynomial time. The new Blossom‐Quad algorithm is compared with standard indirect procedures. Meshes produced by the new approach are better both in terms of element shape and in terms of size field efficiency. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Worst Case Analysis of DRAM Latency for Real-Time Multi-core Systems

As multi-core systems are becoming more popular in real-time embedded systems, strict timing requirements for accessing shared resources must be met. In particular, a detailed latency analysis for Double Data Rate Dynamic RAM (DDR DRAM) is highly desirable. Several researchers have proposed predictable memory controllers to provide guaranteed memory access latency. However, the performance of such controllers sharply decreases as DDR devices become faster and the width of memory buses is increased. In this paper, we present a novel, composable worst case analysis for DDR DRAM that provides improved latency bounds compared to existing works by explicitly modeling the DRAM state. In particular, our approach scales better with increasing number of requestors and memory speed. Benchmark evaluations show up to 70% improvement in worst case task execution time compared to a competing predictable memory controller for a system with 8 requestors.
Influence of IGF-I on adhesion, proliferation, and galectin-1 production in JAr and Jeg-3 choriocarcinoma cell lines

BACKGROUND: JAr and Jeg-3 choriocarcinoma cell lines are model systems for the transformed trophoblast and allow studies of phenotype and regulatory factors for particular cell functions. Both cell lines express the receptor for insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Effects of IGF-I on adhesion, proliferation and galectin-1 production in JAr and Jeg-3 cells were studied. METHODS: The effects of IGF-I on proliferation and galectin-1 production were examined by thiazolyl blue assay and cell based solid phase assay using polyclonal anti-galectin-1 antibodies. The cell adhesion assay was performed on Matrigel coated wells. Galectin-1 production and localization was examined by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: IGF-I decreased adhesion of JAr cells to 70% of the control value (p<0.05). Cell treatment with 10 µg/L of IGF-I significantly increased viable cell number: by 13.5% in JAr and 6% in Jeg-3. Gal-1 was immunolocalized intracellularly and associated with the cell membrane in both cell lines. Production of galectin-1 was significantly increased after treatment with IGF-I compared to control: by 7% in JAr cells and by 16% in Jeg-3 cells (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The data showed that IGF-I affected adhesion and proliferation of choriocarcinoma cells, depending on the cell line. Both choriocarcinoma cell lines studied here produced galectin-1. The amount of galectin-1 was moderately stimulated by IGF-I.
Recent Advances towards Understanding the Role of Opioid Receptor Phosphorylation

Opioid receptors, including mu (MOR for mu-opioid receptor), delta (DOR for delta-opioid receptor) and kappa (KOR for kappaopioid receptor), belong to the super family of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Those receptors, and particularly the MOR, are involved in pain control and are the targets of numerous drugs including morphine and its derivatives. The different opioid receptors are widely and differentially distributed throughout the human central nervous system and peripheral tissues [1]. Molecular studies revealed that MOR and DOR are highly expressed in brain regions with subtle differences; DOR are found at higher levels compared to MOR in cerebral cortex, putamen, nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, temporal lobe, and hippocampus. The cerebral distribution of DOR is in agreement with their involvement in motor as well as in cognitive functions. In contrast, higher levels of MOR are measured in cerebellum, the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia suggesting that they may play an important role in the control of nociception. KOR are expressed in different brain regions although at moderate amounts and are implicated
Finite Element Analysis of Deformation and Fracture of Cylindrical Tubes under Internal Moving Pressures

This Chapter presents a review of the basic formulations, solution methods, and simulation procedures that are essential in the finite element analysis of deformation and fracture of cylindrical tubes under internal moving pressures. Such analyses are applicable to a number of theoretical and practical problems, like deformation and rupture of arteries due to blood flow, cyclic fracture of gas pipelines, vibrational behavior of pulse detonation engines, etc. However, the scope of this chapter is mostly concerned with high-speed moving pressures that can cause significant fluctuating stresses in the tube wall. Based on their relative magnitudes, these stresses can result in various types of mechanical failure such as: high cycle fatigue cracking (Mirzaei et al., 2006c), low cycle fatigue & dynamic tearing (Mirzaei, 2008a; 2009), and severe dynamic fragmentation (Price, 2006; Goto et al., 2008; Soto et al., 2010). It should be emphasized that finite element simulations of the above mentioned processes are rather difficult and not only involve judicial implementation of advanced finite element (FE) techniques but also require a clear understanding of the nature of the underlying deformation and fracture mechanisms. Hence, this chapter starts with a brief review of the basics of deformation and fracture mechanisms that are specific to this type of problems. In continuation, the pertinent FE formulations and solution methods are reviewed and a treatise of the relevant fracture mechanics parameters is presented. The final sections of this chapter are devoted to practical examples including the FE analyses of deformation and fracture of an experimental aluminum tube and an exploded steel cylinder.
NC-Cross Entropy Based MADM Strategy in Neutrosophic Cubic Set Environment

The objective of the paper is to introduce a new cross entropy measure in a neutrosophic cubic set (NCS) environment, which we call NC-cross entropy measure. We prove its basic properties. We also propose weighted NC-cross entropy and investigate its basic properties. We develop a novel multi attribute decision-making (MADM) strategy based on a weighted NC-cross entropy measure. To show the feasibility and applicability of the proposed multi attribute decision-making strategy, we solve an illustrative example of the multi attribute decision-making problem.
Application of natural and tailored minerals to the treatment of thermomechanical paper mill white water

Buildup of dissolved and colloidal substances in closed white water systems is detrimental to machine runnability and product quality. This research investigated the technical feasibility of using natural and tailored minerals for treatment of synthetic process water (approximately 40 mg/L of dehydroabietic acid (DHA)) and three simulated thermomechanical paper mill white waters. Treatment of synthetic process water wjth 20 g/L of natural minerals, ground to less than 0.180 mm aggregate size, resulted in maximum DHA removal of 55%. Tailored minerals were prepared by mixing zeolites with short-chain and long-chain organic cations. When applied in doses less than the external cation exchange capacity (CEC) of zeolites, cations were firmly bound through coulombic interactions on the external surfaces only. Only long-chain hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) cations improved the uptake capacity of zeolites for DHA. Partitioning of DHA into the HDTMA layer was strongly dependent on the mineral concentration and CEC value. HDTMA-tailored minerals with CEC values above 90 meq/100 g ensured complete removal of DHA from synthetic process water. Application of 75 g/L of HDTMA-tailored heulandite to the treatment of white water (pH 7) containing 2270 mg/L of suspended solids, 25 mg/L fatty acids (FA) and 84 mg/L resin acids (RA), resulted in 35% reduction of FA, 28% RA, 24% soluble chemical oxygen demand, 18% total organic carbon and 10% dissolved organic carbon. Constituents, measured as chemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids and total dissolved volatile solids, were not removed because of the low surface area of heulandite covered with HDTMA cations. The HDTMA layer most likely selectively rejected high molecular weight substances. iii T A B L E OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ii TABLE OF CONTENTS . iii LIST OF TABLES vi LIST OF FIGURES viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS x LIST OF UNITS xiii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xiv
Determining the neutrino mass hierarchy and CP violation in NoVA with a second off-axis detector

We consider a Super-NOVA-like experimental configuration based on the use of two detectors in a long-baseline experiment as NOVA. We take the far detector as in the present NOVA proposal and add a second detector at a shorter baseline. The location of the second off-axis detector is chosen such that the ratio L/E is the same for both detectors, being L the baseline and E the neutrino energy. We consider liquid argon and water- Cerenkov techniques for the second off-axis detector and study, for different experimental setups, the detector mass required for the determination of the neutrino mass hierarchy, for different values of {theta}{sub 13}. We also study the capabilities of such an experimental setup for determining CP-violation in the neutrino sector. Our results show that by adding a second off-axis detector a remarkable enhancement on the capabilities of the current NOVA experiment could be achieved.
Background Matters : A Correction Scheme for Dynamic Iterative CBCT with Limited Grid Size

Dynamic cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging of the thorax, i. e. time-resolved reconstruction w. r. t. cardiac or respiratory motion, requires sophisticated algorithms, many of which are iterative and computationally expensive in terms of both runtime and memory. For the latter, hardware constraints pose a considerable challenge insofar as the volume grid cannot be chosen arbitrarily large. On the other hand, choosing a small grid may lead to severe artifacts if the object exceeds the size of the reconstruction domain. Additionally, lateral truncation of the projection data is commonly encountered as, e. g. , flat panel detectors employed in interventional C-arm devices are not large enough to simultaneously image the entire width of the thorax in most patients. In iterative reconstruction, mild data truncation artifacts can also be alleviated by reconstructing on a sufficiently large grid. We present a simple model to incorporate information from outside the target grid in dynamic reconstruction. Its main component is the reconstruction of a static background image used to precompute an additive data correction term, which can be used in combination with any dynamic iterative reconstruction method. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated in a numerical phantom and clinical patient data.
Benthic communities on hard substrates covered by Limnoperna fortunei Dunker (Bivalvia, Mytilidae) at an estuarine beach (Río de la Plata, Argentina)

The structure and composition of benthic communities on hard substrates covered by the nonindigenous bivalve Limnoperna fortunei Dunker, the golden mussel, were quantified in the middle zone of the Rio de la Plata Estuary (Argentina) from April 2001 through March 2002. A total of 26 taxa were recorded. L. fortunei and Nematoda were the central and dominant groups, with a prodigious abundance of over 80%. The prevalence of L. fortunei, rather than the environmental variables, regulated the dynamics of the associated invertebrate fauna. The golden mussel alters both the structure and function of benthic native communities on hard substrates, allows a higher surface available for colonization and refuge, and provides food source to deposit-feeding organisms in the form of organic or residual material. The mussel also increases the abundance and diversity of taxa on hard substrata - such as Oligochaeta, Hirudinea, Tardigrada, Chironomidae, Copepoda, Tanaidacea, and Hydrachnidia. Similarities and nonparametric multidimensional-scaling analyses indicated that the benthic composition had a seasonal variation. L. fortunei has an environmental impact, an ability to invade new freshwater ambiences worldwide and ecological characteristic comparable to those of Dreissena polymorpha Pallas (the zebra mussel) of North America and Europe.
Analytical Decisions in Intonation Research and the Role of Representations: Lessons from Romani

This paper presents an analysis of the intonational system of Greek Thrace Romani. The analysis serves to highlight the difficulties that spontaneous fieldwork data pose for traditional methods of intonational research largely developed for use with controlled speech elicited in the laboratory or under laboratory-like conditions from educated speakers of standardized languages. It leads to proposing a set of principles and procedures which can help deal with the variability inherent in spontaneous data; these principles and procedures apply particularly to data from less homogeneous speech communities but are relevant for the intonation analysis of any linguistic system. This approach relies on the understanding that autosegmental-metrical representations of intonation are phonological representations, not means of faithfully depicting pitch contours per se. It follows that representations should capture what is contrastive in the intonational system under analysis. In turn, this entails that new categories are posited, taking the meaning of tonal events into account and after due consideration of all legitimate sources of phonetic variation. It is argued that following this procedure allows for more robust analyses and is particularly advantageous when data are highly variable. This view is discussed in light of the analysis of Greek Thrace Romani, and in combination with recent proposals for greater uniformity and phonetic transparency in intonational representations, traits which are said to lead to greater insights in typological and cross-varietal research. It is shown that these goals are not better served by a level of broad phonetic transcription which encodes an arbitrary selection of phonetic variants.
Willingness to Pay for Sensory Attributes in Beer

As microbrew beers have become more popular, the intrinsic characteristics of beer have become more important in consumer purchasing decisions. We identify sensory properties that influence consumers' willingness to pay for beer using a contingent valuation model that includes subjective sensory evaluations and socio-demographic characteristics of consumers. We find that overall taste and hoppiness of a beer have a significant and positive impact on willingness to pay.
Thermodynamics and phase diagrams of Polyakov-loop extended chiral models

We study the thermodynamics and phase diagrams of two-flavor quantum chromodynamics using the Polyakov-loop extended quark-meson (PQM) model and the Pisarski-Skokov chiral matrix ($\chi M$) model. At temperatures up to $T\approx2T_c$ and baryon chemical potentials up to $\mu_B=400\ \rm{MeV}$, both models show reasonable agreement with the pressure, energy density, and interaction measure as calculated on the lattice. The Polyakov loop is found to rise significantly faster with temperature in models than on the lattice. In the low-temperature and high baryon density regime, the two models predict different states of matter; The PQM model predicts a confined and chirally restored phase, while the $\chi M$ model predicts a deconfined and chirally restored phase. At finite isospin density and zero baryon density, the onset of pion condensation at $T=0$ is at $\mu_I={1\over2}m_{\pi}$, and the transition is second order at all temperatures. The transition temperature for pion condensation coincides with that of the chiral transition for values of the isospin chemical potential larger than approximately $110\ \rm{MeV}$. In the $\chi M$ model they also coincide with the transition temperature for deconfinement. The results are in good overall agreement with recent lattice simulations of the $\mu_I$--$T$ phase diagram.
Psychosocial Intervention niversal violence and child maltreatment prevention programs or parents : A systematic review

The present study aimed to review recent literature on universal violence and child maltreatment prevention programs for parents. The following databases were used: Web of Science, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO. The keywords included the following: (Parenting Program or Parent Training or Parent Intervention) and (Maltreatment or Violence or Violence Prevention). For inclusion in this review, the programs had to be structured, working in groups of parents aiming to improve parenting practices. Twenty-three studies were included, and 16 different types of parenting programs were identified. Ninety-one percent of the studies were conducted in developed countries. All the programs focused on the prevention of violence and maltreatment by promoting positive parenting practices. Only seven studies were randomized controlled trials. All studies that evaluated parenting strategies (n = 18), reported after the interventions. The programs also effectively improved child behavior in 90% of the studies that assessed this outcome. In conclusion, parenting educational programs appear to be an important strategy for the universal prevention of violence and maltreatment against children. Future studies should assess the applicability and effectiveness of parenting programs for the prevention of violence against children in developing countries. Further randomized control trials are also required. © 2015 Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid. Published by Elsevier España, S.L. U. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Programas de Educación Parental de Prevención Universal de la Violencia y el Maltrato: Una Revisión Sistemática
Analysis of hydrodynamics and noise prediction of the marine propellers under cavitating and non-cavitating conditions

Marine propeller hydrodynamics and noise study is an important problem in the suitable performance of ships and submarines. In the first step of this paper, the hydrodynamics of two propellers was studied under different operating conditions.Thensheet cavitation inception and development conditions were obtained in order to understand the impact of varying rotational speed of the propeller and pressure drop on the propeller noise. In the second step overall sound pressure levels (SPLs) under non-cavitating and sheet cavitating conditions were extracted for each of these models. The overall SPLs were calculated from Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings(FW-H) equations and its integral solutions. In this work, the flow field was analysed with the FVM, and then flow data including; pressure fluctuations, sheet cavitation volume and velocity magnitude results of the flow solution were used as the input for the FW-H formulation to predict the overall SPLs. The results from flow analysis are significant since they are used as noise sources in the FW-H equations to obtainthe overall SPLs. Therefore, these results must be thoroughly analysed. The numerical hydrodynamics results were compared with experiment results for the two propellers and a good agreement was found.