Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE THIRD LANGUAGE : A RECURRENT TEXTUAL RESTRICTION IN AUDIOVISUAL TRANSLATION

If the process of translating is not at all simple, the process of translating an audiovisual text is still more complex. Apart from technical problems such as lip synchronisation, there are other factors to be considered such as the use of the language and textual structures deemed appropriate to the channel of communication. Bearing in mind that most of the films we are continually seeing on our screens were and are produced in the United States, there is an increasing need to translate them into the different languages of the world. But sometimes the source audiovisual text contains more than one language, and, thus, a new problem arises: the translators face additional difficulties in translating this “third language” (language or dialect) into the corresponding target culture. There are many films containing two languages in the original version but in this paper we will focus mainly on three films: Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969), Raid on Rommel (1999) and Blade Runner (1982). This paper aims at briefly illustrating different solutions which may be applied when we come across a “third language”.
Mechanisms for preventing rising damp in new building infrastructure

PurposeCapillary rise of water in buildings has been an issue of concern among past and present researchers. Despite the research efforts devoted to the proper elimination of the problem in masonry construction, it still remains a challenge that needs to be addressed. The purpose of this paper is to explore treatment mechanisms that can be used to prevent rising damp in new building infrastructure.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 14 test walls are constructed, conditioned, subjected to various treatments and monitored for four years. The treatments applied to the walls include the use of polyethylene damp proof courses, damp proof coatings and dense concrete bases. The walls are then monitored with reference to the two climate seasons in Ghana.FindingsThe results highlight that rising damp is present, as suggested by the constant increase and decrease in the height of the water levels in the walls during the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. The findings further reveal that within the four-year period, the walls treated with the damp proof coatings, together with those with the dense concrete bases performed better than those treated with the polyethylene damp proof courses.Research limitations/implicationsThe economic and commercial impact of these preventive mechanisms were not considered in this study. A future research can be directed at these issues.Practical implicationsThe proposed treatment mechanisms highlight the effectiveness of some treatments applied to walls to prevent the capillary rise of water from the ground into the superstructure.Social implicationsBuilding regulations, especially in Ghana and other tropical settings should be amended to include ways to prevent rising damp phenomena by including effective methods against rising damp during the building design or construction.Originality/valueSeries of studies worldwide have been conducted in laboratories to simulate the capillary rise of water in walls of buildings. This is among the few studies that look at how water rises from actual ground conditions into the walls of buildings.
Association between bread baking in wood tenor ovens and incidence and control of bronchial asthma in Ardabil, Iran, in 2013

Received: February 2016, Accepted: May 2016 Background: Asthma is a chronic multifactorial disease with a high prevalence. Among asthma risk factors, the effect of baking in wood tenor ovens (traditional form of baking) on bronchial asthma is still debated. The aim of this study was to determine the association between baking in wood tenor ovens and incidence and control of bronchial asthma. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 109 patients with asthma referring to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardabil, Iran, in 2013. Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) was used to evaluate asthma control. Patients' asthma control was individually evaluated and compared with particular attention to history of baking in wood tenor ovens.Chi-square and Tau-Kendall tests were used to analyze the data in SPSS software. Results: Of the 109 patients, 45.9% had a history of baking in wood tenor ovens. Patients with uncontrolled asthma constituted the largest volume of the sample (60.6%). There was no significant correlation between baking in wood tenor ovens and asthma occurrence (P > 0.05). However, there was a significant correlation between baking in wood tenor ovens and asthma control (error coefficient < 0.10). Conclusions: According to the results, although the history of baking in wood tenor ovens has no effect on asthma occurrence, it has a correlation with asthma control status. Therefore, it is necessary to raise community awareness about the effect of baking on asthma control status.
A Method for Measuring Conversational Coherence

The phenomenon of coherence is of much interest to linguists, psychologists, text analysts, and communication scholars. Indeed there are many theories about the cognitive and social factors involved in the production and comprehension of a coherent conversation or text (McLaughlin 1984). However, as Hobbs (1979) noted, these theories often amount to nothing more than taxonomies which have no empirical basis. In part, the paucity of experimental validation stems from a lack of valid and reliable measure of coherence. In this paper, current measures of coherence are reviewed, and the reliability and validity of a new measure of coherence is assessed.
Preliminary properties of Saharan aerosol over Tamanrasset (Algeria)

This preliminary study was carried out to present the desertic aerosol and the associated characteristics over Tamanrasset (Algeria) and their chemical composition. Two kinds of data were used: data of an international field campaign, combined data from sunphotometer and optical particle counter, which was conducted in February-November 2006 under the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) framework; and data (October 2006-January 2009) from a sunphotometer which was set up at Tamanrasset (Algeria) by the Izana Atmospheric Research Center (Spain) in collaboration with l’Office Nationale de la Meteorologie (Algeria). This study allowed to characterize this area of Sahara by: a) a bimodal granulometric distribution largely dominated by the coarse mode; b) a dominant component in Si, Al and Fe; c) a discrimination of two seasons: autumn-winter, characterized by low Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and high Angstrom Exponent (AE) and spring-summer, with strong and frequent mineral dust storms, characterized by high AOD and low AE.
Psychometric Properties of the CES-D Scale Among Colombian Adults from the General Population

Background: Around the world, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is the most popular instrument to identify depressive disorders in the community. However, this scale has not been validated in Colombia. Objective: To validate the CES-D in the general population of Bucaramanga, Colombia. Method: A random sample of adults (N=266) was evaluated. After the participants completed the CES-D, a psychiatrist interviewed them to detect a current major depressive episode (MDE) using the Structured Clinical Interview for a DSM-IV diagnosis. Results: The psychiatric clinical interview identifi ed 44 (16.5%) people with MDE. The ROC suggested 20 as the best cut-off point. With this cut-off point, 102 (38.3%) people reported clinically meaningful depressive symptoms, with an observed concordance of 0.77 (95%CI 0.71-0.82); sensitivity for a MDE, 0.96 (95%CI 0.83-0.99); specifi city, 0.73 (95%CI 0.67-0.79); positive predictive value, 0.41 (95%CI 0.32-0.51); negative predictive value, 0.99 (95%CI 0.95-1.0); positive likelihood ratio, 3.53; negative likelihood ratio, 0.06; and Cohen’s kappa test, 0.45 (95%CI 0.35-0.55). The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.87, and four factors explained 50.3% of the variance. Conclusions: The CES-D with a cut-off point of 20 may be a useful tool for MDE screening in Colombian adults.
Analysis on the behaviour of FRP reinforced concrete railway sleepers

The most commonly used materials for railway sleepers include timber, steel and concrete; with each of these materials possessing different characteristics that leave them susceptible to various failure modes. Due to this many sleepers fail before they reach their target design life, which is estimated to cost the Australian Railway Industry up to $80 million per year, therefore highlighting the need for a more durable sleeper design. This dissertation assesses the potential of concrete railway sleepers reinforced glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars as a solution to this problem. The dissertation involved analysing the current proposed pressure distribution patterns under the sleeper for varied ballast conditions, to determine which assumed pressure distribution gave the most critical design forces. With the critical patterns determined the effect of key sleeper parameters of support modulus and sleeper modulus were then evaluated. The results indicated that the bearing pressure distribution had a significant effect on the design forces, while the other parameters’ effects were negligible. With the critical design forces and corresponding parameters determined the required reinforcement layout for a narrow gauge concrete sleeper for both steel and GFRP bars were calculated. A finite element model was then developed for both alternative reinforcement materials, to compare and evaluate the performance of the new GFRP reinforced sleeper against a traditional steel reinforced concrete sleeper. From the results it was concluded that the concrete sleeper reinforced with GFRP bars performs just as well as the steel reinforced sleeper, but due to the lower modulus of elasticity for GFRP compared to steel, this design requires a significantly larger percentage of reinforcement (approximately 50%) to meet serviceability requirements. Therefore, further work needs to be undertaken to determine if there is an overall cost benefit in adopting this new design.
A waveguide orthomode transducer for 385-500 GHz

We describe the design, construction, and performance of a waveguide Orthomode Transducer (OMT) for the 385-500 GHz band. The OMT is based on a symmetric backward coupling structure with a square waveguide input (0.56x0.56 mm2) and two single-mode waveguide outputs: a standard WR2.2 waveguide (0.56x0.28 mm2) and an oval waveguide with full-radius corners. The OMT is rescaled from a lower frequency design that was developed for the 3 mm band; it was optimized using a commercial 3D electromagnetic simulator. The OMT consists of two mechanical blocks in split-block configuration, fabricated using a CNC micromilling machine. A first prototype copper alloy OMT employing standard UG387 flanges at all ports was fabricated and tested. From 385 to 500 GHz the measured input reflection coefficient was less than -10 dB, the isolation between the outputs was less than -25 dB, the cross polarization was less than -10 dB, and the transmission was ≈-2 dB at room temperature for both polarization channels. The effects of misalignment errors in the OMT performance were studied using electromagnetic simulation. A second OMT version utilizing custom made mini-flanges and much shorter waveguides was designed and will be tested soon. This novel OMT is more tolerant to misalignment errors of the block halves and is expected to have much improved performance over the first prototype.
DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF ALVARADO SCORE IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of Alvarado score in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Methodology: Study was conducted in Surgical Ward 5, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad. Duration of study was Six month from December 2006 to June 2007. Hundred consecutive patients which presented to our surgical team with acute appendicitis were assessed prospectively using Alvarado score. They were given specific scores according to the variable and divided into two groups, group one (score >7) group two (score 7, appendicitis was confirmed in 53/54 patients, while at scores <7 appendicitis was confirmed in 38/46 patients. The sensitivity was 58.2%, specificity was 88.9% and positive predictive value was 98.1%. Conclusion: Clinical experience remains of major importance in diagnosing acute appendicitis. The Alvarado score is a simple, easy scoring system at both end of scale.
Bidirectional Attentional LSTM for Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis on Italian

English. This paper describes the SentITA system that participated to the ABSITA task proposed in Evalita 2018. The system is based on a Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory network with attention that exploits word embeddings and sentiment specific polarity embeddings. The model also leverages grammatical information from POS tagging and NER tagging. The system participated in both the Aspect Category Detection (ACD) and Aspect Category Polarity (ACP) tasks achieving the 5th place in the ACD task and the 2nd in the ACD task. Italiano. Questo paper descrive il sistema SentITA valutato nel task ABSITA proposto all’interno di Evalita 2018. Il sistema è basato su una rete nuerale ricorrente con celle di memoria di tipo Long Short Term Memory e con implementato un meccanismo d’attenzione. Il modello sfrutta sia word embeddings generali sia polarity embeddings specifici per la sentiment analysis ed inoltre fa uso delle informazioni derivanti dal POS-tagging e dal NER-tagging. Il sistema ha partecipato sia nella sfida di Aspect Category Detection (ACD) sia in quella di Aspect Category Polarity (ACP) posizionandosi al quinto posto nella prima e al secondo posto nella seconda.
THE CREDIT CHANNEL TRANSMISSION OF MONETARY POLICY IN TUNISIA

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the importance of the credit channel in the monetary policy transmission mechanism in Tunisia. Using a VAR approach, we attempt to empirically examine the responses of the major aggregates of the Tunisian economy to monetary policy shocks over the period 1965-2015. Our empirical results show that credit has a significant effect on investment and inflation. The cointegration relationship coupled with the weak erogeneity test shows that credit is an endogenous variable and therefore the long-term equation found is a credit equation. The crucial role of credit channel is argued by the goal of price stability expected by any monetary policy. The analysis of monetary shocks shows the importance of exchange rate policy and the local currency devaluation on the financing mode. It is seen that Tunisian economy is dominated by external conditions. This dominance is confirmed by extensive using of external debts and trade agreements with the dominant countries. The main findings suggest that policymakers should act on the level of economic activity and inflation, on two terms. The first is in short-term by acting on the interest rate and the second is in long-term by controlling the exchange rate.
A computational algebraic geometry approach to enumerate Malcev magma algebras over nite elds

The setMn(K) of n-dimensional Malcev magma algebras over a nite eld K can be identi ed with algebraic sets de ned by zero-dimensional radical ideals for which the computation of their reduced Grobner bases makes feasible their enumeration and distribution into isomorphism and isotopism classes. Based on this computation and the classi cation of Lie algebras over nite elds given by De Graaf and Strade, we determine the mentioned distribution for Malcev magma algebras of dimension n 4. We also prove that every 3-dimensional Malcev algebra is isotopic to a Lie magma algebra. For n = 4, this assertion only holds when the characteristic of the base eld K is distinct of two. Copyright c 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters as Biocomponents for Diesel Fuels and for Preparation of Cetane Number Improvers

Up to 15% of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) have been used as biocomponents for the manufacture of biodiesel fuels corresponding to the requirements of EN 590-09. Applying nitration with various agents has been obtained additives reducing the time delay of self-ignition (TDSI) of diesel fuels containing 20% light catalytic gas oil. The nitro products thus obtained increase also the resistance of the diesel fuel towards oxidation.
Climate Change Risk and Vulnerability Mapping and Profiling at Local Level Using the Household Economy Approach (HEA)

The increasing frequency of extreme climate events such as droughts and floods, as well as increasing temperatures and declining rainfall, are the expected future weather patterns of climate change hot spots such as Sub-Saharan Africa. Climate change and variability hot spot areas will be most vulnerable to diminishing crop production and water resources as most people in these areas depend on rainfed agriculture for their livelihoods. While much of climate change studies have been done at global scale, the impacts of climate change and variability will be felt locally at community level. In most cases adaptation occurs at local level in ways that are usually unnoticed and unaided by national governments or international organisations. This study down-scales the vulnerability of and adaptive capacity to climate change and variability to local level applying the Household Economy Approach. The focus is on local dimensions of climate change impact on water and agriculture in Western Zambia. A climate change vulnerability zone map is delineated using GIS, and a detailed profile of the zones is presented. The focus is on how communities cope with comparable climate change risks that occur today, like droughts, floods and pests, and then gauge their capacity to mitigate future CC shocks. Some adaptive measures that can be adopted to mitigate climate change impacts are recommended. The results equip policy makers with information on the impacts of climate change at local level, and capacitate them with a tool to make informed intervention.
Internationalization of European SMEs towards Emerging Markets

Emerging markets used to be closed economies that have only recently begun opening up their markets to the world economy. In addition to multinational enterprises (MNEs) small and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs) from developed countries have also started to undertake international activities in emerging markets. This paper investigates whether SMEs from higher-income European countries that operate in emerging markets are different from SMEs that operate exclusively in other developed markets e.g. in terms of their firm characteristics, internationalization motives and perceived internationalization barriers. The empirical analysis uses firm-level data for 3,698 internationally active SMEs located in 19 European countries (i.e. EU-15, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland).
A cross-country and cross-time comparison of the human values measurements with the second round of the European Social Survey

The study reported in this paper assesses the fit of a 21-item instrument measuring values in the second round of the European Social Survey (ESS) to the theory of 10 basic values on which it was based (Schwartz 1992). In particular, the measurement invariance of this instrument for studying value priorities across nations and over time was investigated. In the first part of the study, using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) of data from the second ESS round, configural, metric, and scalar invariance of the values are assessed across 25 countries. Metric invariance is a necessary condition to insure equivalence of the meaning of factors and a precondition for comparing values’ correlates. Scalar invariance is a precondition for comparing value means. The MGCFA did not support configural and metric invariance across 25 countries. After reducing the number of countries to 14, the MGCFA supported metric invariance of a model with seven distinct values, the same values identified with data from the first ESS round. These value measurements may now be used by researchers to study relationships among values, attitudes, behavior, and sociodemographic characteristics across the 14 nations. Comparing national value means may be possible only across a smaller set of countries where scalar invariance holds. In the second part of the study, metric and scalar invariance were established between the first and the second rounds of the ESS in each of 19 countries separately. Value means may be compared for each of the countries between the first and second ESS rounds (2002-2003 and 2004-2005, respectively).
Analysis of PM2.5 large-area measurements by using extended (multilinear) factor analytic models

Factor analytic models have been used for receptor modeling for a long time, first based on the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) approach. Recently models based on the non-negatively constrained Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) approach have gained popularity. In the analysis of temporal-spatial data, factor analytic models have been called Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF). Such models consider the data as organized in a two-way matrix. One dimension (row numbers) corresponds to time while the second dimension (column numbers) corresponds to the two spatial dimensions x and y. Data on one row of the matrix correspond to observations made in a single day at all locations of the measuring network. Similarly, data on one column represent the time series measured at one location. In the EOF approach, the matrix is analyzed similarly as in PCA, although the name of the method is different, probably because of historical reasons.
J an 2 01 6 Gauge invariance and the physical spectrum in the two-Higgs-doublet model

Observable states are gauge-invariant. In a non-Abelian gauge theory, these are necessarily composite operators. We investigate the spectrum of these operators in the two-Higgsdoublet model. For this purpose, we are working along the lines of the Fröhlich-MorchioStrocchi mechanism to relate the physical spectrum to the spectrum of the elementary particles. We also investigate the consequences of spontaneous breaking of the global (custodial) symmetry group. Finally, we briefly comment on how to test the results using lattice methods.
Model based control for run-of-river system. Part 2: Comparison of control structures

Optimal operation and control of a run-of-river hydro power plant depend on good knowledge of the elements of the plant in the form of models. Both the control architecture of the system, i.e. the choice of inputs and outputs, and to what degree a model is used, will aect the achievable control performance. Here, a model of a river reach based on the Saint Venant equations for open channel ow illustrates the dynamics of the run-of-river system. The hyperbolic partial dierential equations are discretized using the Kurganov-Petrova central upwind scheme - see Part I for details. A comparison is given of achievable control performance using two alternative control signals: the inlet or the outlet volumetric ow rates to the system, in combination with a number of dierent control structures such as PI control, PI control with Smith predictor, and predictive control. The control objective is to keep the level just in front of the dam as high as possible, and with little variation in the level to avoid overow over the dam. With a step change