Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of novel 3-[(2R*)-2-[(2S*)-6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl]-urea/thiourea derivatives and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities

Abstract A new series of biologically active 3-[(2R*)-2-[(2S*)-6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl]-urea/thiourea derivatives (1) have been designed and synthesized in four steps from 6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2-(oxiran-2-yl)-2H-chromene (2). The structures of newly synthesized compounds (1a–j) were confirmed by 1H, 13C NMR, and HRMS. The major advantages of the present article include the development of an efficient eluent system for good separation of diastereomers (2a and 2b) with high yields and synthesis of (R*)-2-(benzylamino)-1-((S*)-6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol (3) in high yields (87%) from epoxide (2a) through new reaction conditions. The synthesized compounds (1a–j) exhibited moderate to excellent antimicrobial activities against both bacterial strains (gram + Ve and gram –Ve strains) and fungal strains. Among the tested compounds, promising lead compounds were identified (compounds 1a and 1d against bacterial strains and compound 1h and 1j against fungal strains) and their antimicrobial activities are comparable with the reference standard. Graphical Abstract
FROM DISABLING SHOULDER PAIN TO FULL FUNCTIONAL GAIN: A HECTIC APPROACH FOR HIGHER YIELD

Samim Mahammad Mondal1, Mallesh Kariyappa2, Debjyoti Dhar1, Pratik Kishore1, Kalpana Yelsangikar3 From 1DM Neurology Resident, Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, 2Professor, Department of Paediatrcs, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, 3Pediatric Neurologist, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Bangalore Medical Collge and Research Institute, Vani Vilas Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Correspondence to: Dr. Samim Mahammad Mondal, Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560029, India. E-mail: msmondal788@gmail.com Received 13 May 2019 Initial Review 26 May 2019 Accepted 06 June 2019
Identification, Characterization and Optimized Antimicrobial Production of Streptomyces thinghirensis Isolate

The present study was conducted to isolate, identify and characterize the Streptomyces strain using morphological and biochemical analysis. This strain was molecular identified by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene as Streptomyces thinghirensis EGDA6S isolate. Results for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the tested isolate is belonging to yellow series of Streptomycetes with smooth spore surface. Its cell wall contains LL-Diaminopimelic acid (LL-DAP) with non-characteristic sugar pattern and it does not produce melanin pigmentation. S. thinghirensis EGDA6S' metabolite revealed a considrable antimicrobial activity against some microorganisms namely: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. Whereas, the maximum antimicrobial activity was observed on oat meal followed by starch nitrate media. Maximum antimicrobial activity being 7 days, at 30C and pH 7, for optimum incubation period, temperature and pH.
PREPARATION, EVALUATION AND STABILITY OF LAMIVUDINE LOADED ALGINATE-TAMARIND MUCILAGE MICROSPHERES

Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the possibility of obtaining a controlled, relatively constant effective level of lamivudine microspheres. Methods: Lamivudine loaded sodium alginate (SA) and tamarind mucilage(TM) mucoadhesive microspheres were prepared by ionic gelation technique with three different proportions of SA and TM with different concentrations of CaCl2. The prepared microspheres were evaluated for drug loading, particle size distribution, surface morphology, FTIR, in vitro wash off, in vitro release and stability studies. Results: The microspheres were found to be free flowing having diameter ranging from 769.22 to 978.56 µm, drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE) was found to be 65.28 to 92.33%. Percent drug release after 12 h were ranging from 85±1.51 to 97±1.44. In vitro release profile of all formulations shows slow controlled release up to 12 h. In vitro wash off studies shown fairly good mucoadhesivity with 20% microspheres adhered after 6h. Stability studies showed that no significant change in particle size and maximum DEE in comparison to the formulation stored at room temperature. Results: The lamivudine loaded SA-TM mucoadhesive microspheres can be conveniently prepared which showed better result and it may be used full for controlling the drug release and improve the bioavailability.
Conservation and Divergence Between P22-like Bacteriophages Coat Protein’s I-domains and Procapsid-like Particles

CUS-3 is a P22-like tailed dsDNA bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli serotype K1. The CUS-3 coat protein, which forms the icosahedral capsid, has a conserved HK97fold but with a non-conserved accessory domain known as the insertion domain (Idomain). Sequence alignment of the coat proteins from CUS-3 and P22 shows higher sequence similarity for the I-domains (35%) than for the HK97-cores, suggesting the Idomains play important functional roles. The I-domain of the P22 coat protein, which has an NMR structure comprised of a six-stranded β-barrel, has been shown to govern the assembly, stability and size of the resulting capsid particles. Here, we report the H, N, and C assignments for the I-domain from the coat protein of bacteriophage CUS-3. The secondary structure and dynamics of the CUS-3 I-domain, predicted from the assigned NMR chemical shifts, agree with those of the P22 I-domain, suggesting the CUS-3 and P22 I-domains may have similar structures and functions in capsid assembly.
A Power-Efficient MAC Protocol for WBAN

A key challenge for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is to maximize the network lifetime with power-efficient and flexible duty cycling techniques on energy-constraint sensor nodes. In this paper, we propose a novel power-efficient MAC protocol for WBAN that accommodates normal, emergency, and on-demand traffic in a reliable manner. This protocol supports two wakeup mechanisms, a traffic-based wakeup mechanism, which accommodates normal traffic by exploiting the node's traffic patterns, and a wakeup radio mechanism, which accommodates emergency and on-demand traffic by using a wakeup radio. It can be seen that the proposed protocol not only improves the lifetime of WBAN but also provides a reliable method to handle sporadic events. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol outperforms WiseMAC in terms of low-power consumption and delay.
Innovative solutions for reduction of olive mill wastewater pollution

Olive oil is also an important activity for the inhabitants of Al Jouf, KSA. The production of olive oil is accompanied by the emission of wastes (liquid and solid). These wastes are discharged directly without treatment. This research work aims to study the treatment of such waste by the integration of physical and chemical methods. The organic loads expressed by chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) of the produced wastewater (olive mill wastewater) were evaluated. The quantity of wastes emitted from the three phase centrifuge decanters was found to be higher than that emitted from the two-phase centrifuge decanters. The olive mill wastewater (OMWW) was treated using plane sedimentation (PS) combined with advanced oxidation treatment. The effluent from AO was splitted and treated using complex sand filtration unit (CSF) and modified trickling filter (MTF) in parallel manner. The results indicated that the concentration of COD, BOD, TSS, oil & grease and phenol was reduced greatly by more than 67%, 75%, 20%, 97% and 91% and 65%, 77 3%, 96% and 86%, respectively for the effluent of the three phase OMWW. This work supports the application of such treatment technique for reducing the environmental threats of olive mill waste effluents.
Effects of NO2 and C3H6 on the heterogeneous oxidation of SO2 on TiO2 in the presence or absence of UV–Vis irradiation

Abstract. The heterogeneous reactions of SO2 in the presence of NO2 and C3H6 on TiO2 were investigated with the aid of in situ diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) under dark conditions or with UV–Vis irradiation. Sulfate formation with or without the coexistence of NO2 and/or C3H6 was analyzed with ion chromatography (IC). Under dark conditions, SO2 reacting alone resulted in sulfite formation on TiO2, while the presence of parts per billion (ppb) levels of NO2 promoted the oxidation of SO2 to sulfate. The presence of C3H6 had little effect on sulfate formation in the heterogeneous reaction of SO2 but suppressed sulfate formation in the heterogeneous reaction of SO2 and NO2. UV–Vis irradiation could significantly enhance the heterogeneous oxidation of SO2 on TiO2, leading to copious generation of sulfate, while the coexistence of NO2 and/or C3H6 significantly suppressed sulfate formation in experiments with UV–Vis lights. Step-by-step exposure experiments indicated that C3H6 mainly competes for reactive oxygen species (ROS), while NO2 competes with SO2 for both surface active sites and ROS. Meanwhile, the coexistence of NO2 with C3H6 further resulted in less sulfate formation compared to introducing either one of them separately to the SO2–TiO2 reaction system. The results of this study highlighted the complex heterogeneous reaction processes that take place due to the ubiquitous interactions between organic and inorganic species and the need to consider the influence of coexisting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other inorganic gases in the heterogeneous oxidation kinetics of SO2.
High‐Performance Silicon Anodes Enabled By Nonflammable Localized High‐Concentration Electrolytes

Silicon anodes are regarded as one of the most promising alternatives to graphite for high energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), but their practical applications have been hindered by high volume change, limited cycle life, and safety concerns. In this work, nonflammable localized high‐concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) are developed for Si‐based anodes. The LHCEs enable the Si anodes with significantly enhanced electrochemical performances comparing to conventional carbonate electrolytes with a high content of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC). The LHCE with only 1.2 wt% FEC can further improve the long‐term cycling stability of Si‐based anodes. When coupled with a LiNi0.3Mn0. 3Co0.3O2 cathode, the full cells using this nonflammable LHCE can maintain >90% capacity after 600 cycles at C/2 rate, demonstrating excellent rate capability and cycling stability at elevated temperatures and high loadings. This work casts new insights in electrolyte development from the perspective of in situ Si/electrolyte interphase protection for high energy‐density LIBs with Si anodes.
Generalized Mixed Models - an application to longitudinal data of citrus canker

There are several techniques available for longitudinal data analysis. In the last decade, much emphasis has been placed on generalized mixed models. The present work is dedicated to give an overview of this technique, with emphasis on the formulation, interpretation and inference of the model. The guidelines are given for statistical practice in general. This form of modeling was applied to data from an experiment to evaluate the resistance of 12 varieties of sweet orange to citrus canker. The experiment consisted of provoking lesions on the leaves of orange trees and monitoring the diameter of the lesion over time. The adjustment of the observed data to the proposed model provided reliable results, since the assumptions necessary for the validity of the model were satisfied. Therefore, it can be said that this methodology is adequate to model the data, since it allowed the detection of the varieties more susceptible to citrus canker.
Metagel with Broadband Tunable Acoustic Properties Over Air–Water–Solid Ranges

Materials capable of varying their acoustic impedances to match those of air, water, and solid materials over broadband frequencies will enable new applications in fields as diverse as medical imaging, underwater sonar and communication, and marine biology. However, such tunability has not been achieved with conventional acoustic materials including metals, polymers, ceramics and woods. Here, the invention of metagel, a class of designed hydrogel composites with unprecedented tunable acoustic properties over broadband frequencies, is reported. The metagel consists of patterned channels in a tough hydrogel matrix, where air, water, or liquid metal can be purged through the channels to tune the metagel's acoustic transmission over air–water–solid ranges and broadband frequencies on demand. It is shown that the acoustic properties of the metagel can be tuned by varying the volume ratio of the channels, properties, different filler materials with combined experiments, theory, and simulations. The metagel enables novel functions such as adjustable imaging regions of ultrasound, demonstrating tangible applications in underwater acoustics and medical imaging.
Elucidating the role of CO2 in the soft oxidative dehydrogenation of propane over ceria-based catalysts

A mixed oxide support containing Ce, Zr, and Al was synthesized using a physical grinding method and applied in the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane using CO2 as the oxidant. The activity of the support was compared with that of fully formulated catalysts containing palladium. The Pd/CeZrAlOx material exhibited long-term stability and selectivity to propene (during continuous operation for 140 h), which is not normally associated with dehydrogenation catalysts. From temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 and CO2 it was found that the catalyst possessed both acidic and basic sites. In addition, temperature-programmed reduction showed that palladium promoted both the reduction and reoxidation of the support. When the role of CO2 was investigated in the absence of gas-phase oxidant, using a temporal analysis of products (TAP) reactor, it was found that CO2 dissociates over the reduced catalyst, leading to formation of CO and selective oxygen species. It is proposed that CO2 has the dual role of regener.
Effect of Mineral, Organic, Biofertilizers and Humic Acid on Vegetative Growth and Fruit Yield Quality of Caraway Plants (Carum carvi L.)

Effects of different fertilizers types, i.e., mineral fertilizers (100 % as a control) or 30 % combined with organic fertilizers (farmyard manure at 20 or 30 m/ fed), bio-fertilizer and foliar application of humic acid on vegetative growth, yield and some nutrient contents of Caraway plant (Carum carvi L.) were studied at the Experimental station of Faculty of Agriculture, El-Mansoura University during the two growing seasons of 2016 and 2017. The results indicated that the highest mean values of the vegetative growth and fruit yield parameters of caraway plant were significantly increased when plants received 30 % of the recommended mineral fertilizer combined with farmyard manure at 30 m/ fed in the presence of bio-fertilizer and sprayed with humic acid as compared with control (NPK at 300, 200 and 50 kg/ fed, respectively). In addition; N, P and K percentage in herb and seeds recorded the highest values with the same previous treatment. While, the highest values of NO3-N concentration in herb and seeds was obtained with full recommended dose of mineral fertilization (control treatment).
Model based predictive engine torque control for improved drivability

Elasticity of the various driveline components and backlash originating from gear reduction mechanisms and fasteners may cause torsional vibrations resulting in unintended shunt and shuffle behaviours, when a vehicle is subjected to an acceleration change request. As a result of recent improvements to engine control structures and computational capability developments during the last few decades, the idea of using generated brake torque control has been considered a state of the art research topic among academic researchers and original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). In order to improve transient vehicle response to an acceleration change manoeuvre, a novel engine generated brake torque based model predictive control (MPC) algorithm with an additional anti-shuffle control element has been developed to manipulate the pedal map oriented torque demand signal in an automotive powertrain application. A four mass powertrain model was built and model validation considering longitudinal vehicle dynamics was performed with vehicle level tests using a tip-in followed by a tip out acceleration pedal signal input manoeuvre. Comparison of simulation results and vehicle test data shows that the proposed model is capable of capturing the vehicle acceleration profile revealing unintended error states for the specified input signals. MPC structures based on three mass vehicle models (derived from the four mass model via subtracting tyre dynamics due to high order nonlinearities at the tyre model) was developed in a “MATLAB/Simulink” environment to obtain a smooth and responsive acceleration profile. The MPC controller delivers signal states with the expected performance metrics without error states such as excessive jerks and shuffles. An additional engine to wheel speed difference based proportional controller is employed in order to further reduce powertrain oscillations without compromising from overall system response speed resulting in a comfortable drive.
Toxicity assessment of engineered nanoparticles

L'objectif de cette these est d'ameliorer la comprehension de la toxicite de diverses nanoparticules de synthese (ENPs) pour l'homme et l'ecosysteme. Les travaux realises s’appuient sur la combinaison de donnees toxicologiques et d’un modele environnemental - le modele USEtox. En tant qu'element important de l'evaluation de l'impact du cycle de vie, le facteur de caracterisation (CF) a ete utilise, dans ce travail, comme indicateur de toxicite pour l'homme et l'ecosysteme. Pour avoir acces aux courbes dose-reponse et a differentes donnees toxicologiques, des experiences in vitro ont ete realisees en exposant des neutrophiles porcins fraichement isoles a trois types de nanoparticules de synthese. Les modifications morphologiques, les taux de mortalite et la chimioluminescence des neutrophiles ont ete evaluees. De plus, pour estimer le temps de persistance des nanoparticules de synthese dans l'ecosysteme eau douce, un modele base sur la science des colloides a ete developpe. Il prend en compte les comportements specifiques des nanoparticules de synthese et inclut des recommandations sur le choix des parametres hydrologiques regionaux. Enfin, une enquete documentaire exhaustive a ete realisee pour recueillir les donnees ecotoxicologiques de diverses nanoparticules de synthese. Dans le cadre du modele USEtox, le CF toxicologique non cancerogene pour cuivre NPs et les CF ecotoxicologiques pour 14 ENPs sont recommandes. Ces valeurs des CF pourraient etre utiles a l'avenir pour evaluer les impacts environnementaux des produits contenant des ENPs.
Effect of the combination of a benzotriazole‐type ultraviolet absorber with thermal stabilizers on the photodegradation of poly(vinyl chloride)

The effect of the combination of a benzotriazole type of UV absorber (UV326) with different types of thermal stabilizers, including an organic calcium complex and an organotin mercaptide, on the photodegradation of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was investigated by color difference measurements, UV‐vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and viscosity‐average molecular weight (Mη) determinations. Films of PVC containing 0.5 phr of UV326, with or without 2 phr of thermal stabilizer, were prepared by solution casting and subjected to accelerated UV weathering under xenon light with an irradiance of 0.51 W/(m2 nm) at 65°C. The results revealed that both UV326 and the mixture of UV326 with the organic calcium complex displayed good performance in inhibiting the photodehydrochlorination and photooxidation of PVC. In contrast, the combination of UV326 and the methyltin mercaptide remarkably accelerated the discoloration of PVC when the irradiation time increased from 300 to 400 h because of the UV sensitivity of the organotin. However, carbonyl index data indicated that a hydrogen abstraction reaction did not take place between UV326 and the methyltin mercaptide, so that the photooxidation of the PVC film was prevented effectively during the whole period of exposure, a result which may be attributed to the strong steric hindrance effect of the tert‐butyl group at the 3‐position of the phenyl ring in UV326. The changes of Mη were in good accordance with the results obtained from other characterizations. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL. , 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Characterization of Extracellular Polymeric Substance (EPS) from Cladophora Glomerata under Different Culture Salinities

 Abstract—Cladophora glomerata is the most abundant algae in freshwater throughout the world. This study discovered that changing culture salinity can induce C. glomerata to produce massive amounts of EPS. Comparing the contents and characteristic functional groups of the EPS under different culture salinity conditions. The contents of protein (2.15-2.71 mg g -1 ) and polysaccharide (6.94-12.64 mg g -1 ) variable increased with increased culture salinity; the ratios if protein to polysaccharide decreased with the increased culture salinity. The FTIR spectra analysis suggested that protein (1640-1680 cm -1 ) and polysaccharide (1120-1170 cm -1 ) were the major components in EPS. Therefore, the range of contents in EPS and the ratios of protein to polysaccharide are influenced by culture salinity This study compared the content and characteristic functional groups of the EPS from the C. glomerata under different culture salinity. The results showed that (1) Thickness of mucilage layer increase with the increase of EPS level. (2) Polysaccharide concentration changed from 6.94 to 12.64 mg g -1 , and the protein concentration changed from 2.15 to -2.71mg g -1 during the whole tests. (3) Content of protein under all different salinities were found to be lower than polysaccharide. (4) The ratios of protein to polysaccharide decresaed with increased culture salinity. (5) The FTIR spectra analysis suggested that protein (1640-1680 cm -1 ) and polysaccharide (1120-1170 cm -1 ) were the major components in EPS. (6) The yield of EPS and fraction EPS contents of algae can controlled by different culture salinity.
The Evaluator Effect in Heuristic Evaluation: A Preliminary Study of End-users as Evaluators

The Evaluator Effect in Heuristic Evaluation: A Preliminary Study of End-Users as Evaluators Peter Weinstein Master of Health Sciences Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto 2012 Heuristic Evaluation (HE) is a popular usability inspection method. Yet little is known about the effect the evaluators have on the outcome of HE. One potentially important feature of evaluators is their end-user status, that is, whether or not they are end-users for whom the interface is designed. I completed a detailed review of the HE literature, combined sources, developed an explicit method for conducting an HE and trained HE novices from different work domains using it. Using these methods I conducted a preliminary randomized crossover study (n=6) of the effect of end-user status during the inspection and merging stages of HE. I estimate a larger study of approximately 148 end-users would be needed to test hypotheses regarding end-user status. I demonstrated a novel measure of the effect of end-user status for the merging stage of HE, which I called the measure of matching similarity (MMS).