Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variations in intertidal assemblages and zonation patterns between vertical artificial seawalls and natural rocky shores: a case study from Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong.

Development of coastal cities often results indestruction of natural coastlines, which are consequently replaced by artificial coastal urban structures, commonly including smoothly surfaced vertical seawalls. Artificial seawalls can create novel habitats which may affect the diversity, abundances, and distribution patterns of intertidal assemblages. In the present study, the intertidal assemblages on 3 vertical artificial seawalls and 3 natural rocky shores were studied in Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong. Both artificial seawalls and natural rocky shores shared similar assemblages of common species, but the species abundance and percentage cover of certain taxa differed between the 2 habitat types. Artificial seawalls supported a greater abundance of the chiton Acanthopleura japonica and greater percentage coverage of the oyster Saccostrea cucullata and barnacle Amphibalanus (=Balanus) amphitrite. In contrast, a greater abundance of the false limpet Siphonaria laciniosa and a greater percentage cover of the barnacle Tetraclita squamosa occurred on natural rocky shores. Some species were found exclusively on only one of the habitats. The green mussel Perna viridus, tube worms Hydriodes spp. , and sea squirt Styela sp. were only found on artificial seawalls, while the black mussel Septifer virgatus was exclusively recorded on natural rocky shores. Artificial seawalls had different zonation patterns compared to natural rocky shores. The barnacle Tetraclita squamosa and chiton Acanthopleura japonica were commonly low on natural rocky shores but they became abundant on the mid-shore of artificial seawalls. Differences in zonation patterns of species could be due to the vertical orientation of artificial seawalls leading to different temperature and humidity profiles compared to natural rocky shores. Spatial variability of the assemblage structure at the scale of tens of meters was greater on natural rocky shores than on artificial seawalls. Greater horizontal spatial variation in species assemblages on natural rocky shores may be associated with greater habitat diversity (e.g., rock pools, crevices, and vertical and horizontal surfaces) on natural shores than on smooth vertical seawalls.
Metabolomics of a model fruit: tomato

Tomato has quickly become a favoured species for metabolomics research. Tomato fills a niche that cannot be occupied by Arabidopsis, particularly regarding studies on fleshy fruit. Variations in genotype and phenotype have been broadly exploited using metabolomics approaches in order to gain a better understanding of fundamental aspects of plant physiology, fruit growth and fruit development. The commercial importance of tomato as one of the world's most important and widely grownand consumed vegetables is a significant driving force behind this fruit research. Therefore, many metabolomics studies have specifically been focused on traits of importance to the food and agro-industries. Fruit quality, nutritional value as well as the influence on these traits of fruit storage, transport and processing into pasteurized and cooked products have also been subjects for extensive metabolomics analyses. These studies have already considerably expanded our knowledge, and continue to do so, concerning many aspects of the tomato fruit phenotype, both visible and chemical. Furthermore, increased knowledge of the genetics of tomato, the recently available draft of the tomato genome sequence as well as the emerging technologies for next generation sequencing, large-scale phenotyping and systems biology approaches have generated many novel research concepts that are also placing metabolomics analyses of tomatoes right at the forefront of fruit research
ROBUST hot wire probe efficiency for total water content measurements in glaciated conditions

During the two High Altitude Ice Crystals (HAIC, Dezitter et al. 2013)/High Ice Water Content (HIWC, Strapp et al., 2016a) international flight campaigns that investigated deep convection in the tropics, the French Falcon 20 research aircraft was equipped with two different devices measuring the Total Water Content (TWC): the IKP-2 (Isokinetic Probe, Davison et al. 2008, 2016), and the hot wire ROBUST probe (Strapp et al. 2008; Grandin et al. 2014). The IKP-2 probe is an evaporator that has been specifically designed to measure high ice water content (Strapp et al. 2016b) with a collection efficiency near unity. It has undergone extensive performance assessment in liquid and glaciated conditions in several wind tunnels. The Robust probe was initially developed by Science Engineering Associates to estimate high ice water content in a high speed wind tunnel, in harsh conditions where other hot-wires had been observed to suffer failures. It was known at the outset that, like other hot-wire TWC probes, it would measure only a quasi-constant fraction of the true ice water content. Early wind tunnel and flight experience with the ROBUST probe revealed that this fraction was the order of 40% for ice crystals.
Characterization of an Extracellular Xylanase from Bacillus sp. HY-20, a Bacterium in the Gut of Apis mellifera

A xylan-decomposing bacterium, HY-20, was isolated from the gut of a honeybee, Apis mellifera, and identified as Bacillus sp. The extracellular GH11 xylanase (XylP) gene (687-bp) of strain HY-20 encoded a protein of 228 amino acids with a deduced molecular mass of 25,522 Da and a calculated pI of 9.33. The primary structure of XylP was 97% identical to that of B. pumilus xylanase (GenBank accession no.: AY526092) that has not been characterized yet. The recombinant His-tagged enzyme (rXylP) overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 harboring pET-28a(+)/xylP was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by cation exchange and gel permeation chromatographies. The purified enzyme exhibited the highest catalytic activity toward birchwood xylan at pH 6.5 and and retained approximately 50% of its original activity when pre-incubated at for 15 min. The recombinant enzyme was completely inactivated by (1 mM) and N-bromosuccinimide (5 mM), while its activity was slightly stimulated by approximately 10% in the presence of (1 mM), (1 mM), and sodium azide (5 mM). rXylP was able to efficiently degrade various polymeric xylose-based substrates but PNP-sugar derivatives and glucose-based polymers were not susceptible to the enzyme.
Preservation and molecular identification of Aspergillus and Penicilium species with ITS-PCR

ITS region which is common between fungal species can be clearly separated from other species by fungal identification. Molecular of identification inventory in our 300 Aspergillus and Penicillium species made and Sequence information can be used cases of 120 such sequences were compared with online gene bank with the blast of the software. As a result, Aspergillus fumigatus (20), A. awamor i (12), A. niger (9), A. tubingensis (6), A. terreus (9), A. japonicas (4), A. oryze (5), A. tamari (2), A. versicolor (1), A. brassiliensis (1), A. flavus (1), Penicilium commune (5), P. griseofuly (1), P. chrysege (6), Penicillium restrict cum (1) and 13 of them belong to the other fungus groups were determined. To preserve the mycelium and spores of Aspergillus and Penicillium species also been lyophilization and labeled.
Innervation of the Cerebral Superficial Arteries and the Parenchymal Small Vessels in Elaphe quadrivirgata(Endocrinology)

— The innervation of the eerebral arteries in the striped snake. Elapha quadrivirgata, was studied b) catecholamine fluorescence, acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-activation staining, and immuno-histochemistr\ . Aminergie nerve fibers (Amn) showed dense meshworks of fine fibers not only in the eerebral carotid and basilar arteries but also in the cerebral parenchymal small vessels. Cholinergic nerve fibers (Chn) were distributed more densely than Amn in the eerebral carotid and basilar arteries, but were sparse in the cerebral parenchymal small vessels. The vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-, substance P (SP)-. neurokinin A (NKA)- and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactive (LI) nerve fibers were very densely distributed in the cerebral carotid and basilar arteries, and moderately distributed in the cerebral parenchymal small vessels. Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-LI nerve fibers were not detected in the superficial cerebral arteries, but they were distributed in the cerebral parenchymal small vessels. No differences of the distributions of Amn. Chn and peptide-LI nerve fibers were observed in the normal half side or in the undeveloped half of the cerebral carotid arteries. When examined by double staining. SP. NKA-and CGRP-LI nerve fibers showed almost identical distribution patterns. Three different patterns existed concerning the relationship between Chn and YIP-LI nerve fibers: 1) Chn and VIP-LI nerve fibers coexisting, 2) Chn living alone, and 3) VIP-LI nerve fibers livine alone.
Research concerning the pollen germination of some nut tree byotypes in Sannicolau Mare.

Among the multiple fruit tree species cultivated in Romania, the walnut is one of the most common along the years. Theoretically, the embryology of walnut (Juglans regia L.) has a primordial importance because many aspects considering the male reproductive process, like pollen – pistil interaction, embryoand endospaermogenesis, are still less known until now.
Quantity of Movement as a Measure of Engagement for Dementia: The Influence of Motivational Disorders

Engagement in activities is crucial to improve quality of life in dementia. Yet, its measurement relies exclusively on behavior observation and the influence that behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) have on it is overlooked. This study investigated whether quantity of movement, gauged with a wrist-worn accelerometer, could be a sound measure of engagement and whether apathy and depression negatively affected engagement. Fourteen participants with dementia took part in 6 sessions of activities: 3 of cognitive games (eg, jigsaw puzzles) and 3 of robot play (Pleo). Results highlighted significant correlations between quantity of movement and observational scales of engagement and a strong negative influence of apathy and depression on engagement. Overall, these findings suggest that quantity of movement could be used as an ancillary measure of engagement and underline the need to profile people with dementia according to their concurrent BPSD to better understand their engagement in activities.
Termoterapia de banana 'Prata-An' no controle de podrides em ps-colheita

The objective of this study was to determine the tolerance of 'Prata-Ana' (AAB) banana (Musa spp.) fruits and of Colletotrichum musae to thermotherapy in postharvest rot control. In vivo and in vitro experiments were installed in a completely randomized design, arranged in a 4x5 factorial scheme (temperature x time immersion). Treatments were the immersion of fruits and fungus (spores and mycelium) in water heated at 47, 50, 53 and 56 oC from 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 min. The exposure of fruits at 56 oC for 9 min caused blackening in fruit extremities. Chemical and physical fruit characteristics were not changed by treatments. Inoculated and treated fruits at 56 oC during 6 min did not show rot and peel blackening, while non-treated fruits have shown 64% of lesions/fruit. From the combinations 53 oC / 9 min and 56 oC / 3 min, spore germination was reduced to 4% e 0% respectively. The combination 56 oC / 12 min retarded but did not stop mycelial growth. Treatments 56 oC / 6 min did not stop mycelial growth in vitro, but was effective in vivo rot control. This treatment avoided rot manifestation in the winter (May) but did not in the summer (November), being influenced by environmental conditions near to bunch harvest. Thermotherapy can be recommended for banana postharvest rot control adapted to different seasons of the year.
ROLE OF VIRAL AND HOST FACTORS IN INFLUENZA VIRUS MEDIATED INHIBITION OF INTERLEUKIN-23

OF DISSERTATION ROLE OF VIRAL AND HOST FACTORS IN INFLUENZA VIRUS MEDIATED INHIBITION OF INTERLEUKIN-23 Influenza virus is one of the major respiratory pathogens of humans as well as animals, including equines. There is an increasing evidence that bacterial infections are the most common cause of the death during influenza. In horses also, secondary bacterial pneumonia can lead to death, and surviving horses may take up to six months for the complete recovery resulting in heavy economic loss to the equine industry. Interleukin (IL)-23 mediated innate immune response has been shown to protect the host from various respiratory bacterial infections. However, studies to investigate the role of host and viral factors in the regulation of IL-23 are limited. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced transcription factor CHOP-10 and IFN-β has been shown to participate in the regulation of IL-23. Primary hypothesis for the current study was that influenza A virus (IAV) NS1 protein downregulates the IL-23 expression via inhibition of CHOP-10. In order to test our hypothesis, we infected the RAW264.7 cells a murine macrophage cell line, and primary murine alveolar macrophage cells either with the wild type Influenza A virus (PR/8/34, PR8) or isogenic mutant virus lacking NS1 (delNS1). Quantitative analysis of mRNA expression revealed a significantly higher mRNA expression of IL23p19, IFN-β and CHOP-10 in delNS1 virus infected cells as compared the PR8 virus infected cells. Additionally, overexpression of CHOP-10 partially restored the expression of IL-23p19 in PR8 virus infected cells and knockdown of CHOP-10 resulted in downregulated expression of IL-23p19 in delNS1 infected cells. Taken together, these results suggest that IAV NS1 protein mediated inhibition of CHOP-10 expression leads to downregulation of IL-23 expression in macrophage cells in-vitro. Similar results were also observed in-vivo using IAV and Streptococcus zoooepidemicus (S. ze) co-infection model. In a co-infection mouse model delNS1 virus co-infection resulted in significantly higher expression of the IL-23 and IL-17. Considering the role of IL-23 in protection against respiratory bacterial pathogens, effect of exogenous supplementation of IL-23 was also investigated in the influenza and S. ze co-infection mouse model. We found that a single intranasal dose of recombinant murine IL-23 significantly improved the survival of mice co-infected with PR8 and S . ze. Overall, our study suggests that IAV infection subverts the IL-23 mediated respiratory innate immune response and restoration of IL-23 could protect from influenzaassociated respiratory bacterial infections.
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA MONOPOLI TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIS PESERTA DIDIK KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR

peserta didik. Peranan media pembelajaran sangat penting dalam upaya peningkatan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan dan peningkatan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis peserta didik melalui penggunaan media monopoli. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuasi eksperimen, desain penelitian nonequivalent control group design . Teknik penarikan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling, karena menggunakan sampel yang sudah ada pada kelompok dikelas V SDN XI Cilegon. Pada penelitian ini kelas VA sebagai kelas eksperimen menggunakan media monopoli dan kelas VB sebagai kelas kontrol menggunakan media replika bangun datar. Hasil uji dua pihak dengan taraf signifikan 0,05 diperoleh t hitung = 2,29 dan t tabel = 2,005 maka terdapat perbedaan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis peserta didik yang menggunakan media monopoli dengan peserta didik yang menggunakan media replika bangun datar. Hasil perhitungan uji perbedaan dua rata-rata skor gain menggunakan uji-t (uji satu pihak kanan) taraf signifikan 0,05 diperoleh t hitung = 3,25 dan t tabel = 1,67 maka peningkatan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis peserta didik yang mendapatkan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media monopoli lebih baik dari pada kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis peserta didik yang mendapatkan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media replika bangun datar. Kata kunci : media monopoli, kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis The ability of understanding mathematical concepts is the ability to be possessed learners. The role of learning media is very important in improving the ability of understanding mathematical concepts learners. This study aims to determine differences and increase the ability of understanding mathematical concepts as learners through the use of monopoly media. This research used a quasi-experimental research, design nonequivalent control group design. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, because it uses existing samples in the group of class 5 th SDN XI Cilegon. In this study, class VA as an experimental class using the monopoly media and class VB as controls class use the media replica flat wake. The test results of two parties with a significant level of 0.05 obtained t hitung = 2.29 and t tabel = 2.005 then there are differences in the ability of understanding mathematical concepts learners who use the monopoly media with learners who use the media replica flat wake. The results of test calculations the difference between two average score gain using t-test (test of the right hand) 0.05 significance level obtained t hitung = 3.25 and t tabel = 1,67 the increased ability of understanding mathematical concepts that learners acquire learning by using monopoly media is better than on the ability of understanding mathematical concepts that learners acquire learning by using media replica flat wake. Keywords: monopoly media, the ability of understanding mathematical concepts.
THE ORGANISM AS A DYNAMICAL SYSTEM

One of the most characteristic properties of the developmental process is that it is stable.An embryo does not need an absolutely perfect environment and it can survive many smalldisturbances and even some large ones. Two embryos do not have to be clones to turn intovery similar adults. The stability of development is, however, not just the simple sort ofstability that we observe in such familiar examples as a ball at the bottom of a cup. Anembryo that is perturbed will not return to the state that it was previously in. If it canrecover at all, it will continue to develop, eventually reaching more or less the state it wouldhave attained had it been left alone. What is stable is not the state of the embryo at anyone time, but its pathway of development.In biology, the property of returning to the state a system was in before it was disturbedis called homeostasis, from the Greek words meaning similar and standing. C.H. Wadding-ton, one of the ﬁrst to stress the role of stability in development, introduced the wordshomeorhesis (similar ﬂow) to describe a system which returns to a trajectory and chreod(necessary path) for the trajectory itself [13, 15, 17]. He also used the term canalizationto describe the property that development typically can proceed to one or more of a re-stricted number of alternative end states rather than to a broad spectrum. And as an aidto understanding the role of these phenomena in development and evolution, he devised theepigenetic landscape, a metaphor which is illustrated in Figure 1.Waddington arrived at his view from his experience in embryology. Homeorhesis, chreodsand canalization describe features which developing organisms do possess, and recognizingtheir role leads to insights into both development and evolution. It is, however, possible bothto see both why existing developmental systems have these properties, and also to realise itwould be hard to imagine a developmental system that did not. The properties arise fromthe fact that organisms, whatever else they are, are dynamical systems. Now an arbitrarysystem may or may not be stable. If it is not stable, it will not persist, and we probablywould not think of it as a system. Consequently a typical property of those entities that werecognize as systems is that they are stable.When applied to systems in general, this argument is not very enlightening. It tellsus more about how we view things than about how things are. But an organism, and in1
Development of Single-Molecule Methods for RNA Splicing

Development of Single-Molecule Methods for RNA Splicing Robert Weinmeister RNA splicing is an important step in the synthesis of most mammalian proteins and understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms is critical for tackling diseases linked to splicing. An important determinant is SRSF1, which has multiple roles in constitutive and alternative splicing. One of these roles is in the recognition and selection of 5’ splice sites due to an interaction with U1 snRNP during formation of complexes E and A. The exact roles and modes of interaction are not clear. Single-molecule methods are a key to understanding these. In this work, single-molecule methods were developed to investigate the number of bound proteins under different conditions. A home-built microscope utilising objective-based illumination by total internal reflection was used to look at these interactions at a single-molecule level and investigate the number of bound proteins under different conditions. The results showed that there was a distinctive reduction in the number of bound proteins in complex A, dependent on the availability of ATP. This was linked to the number of functional 5’ splice sites present, the U1 snRNP and phosphorylation. We could not find any evidence that sequences known to mediate stimulation by SRSF1 affect its binding. Using total internal reflection has inherent limitations, among them the necessary surface attachment and the dilutions required. These limitations could be overcome by the use of isolated microenvironments in the form of tiny droplets. A robust and convenient microfluidic device with a feature size of 3μm was set up and a suitable surfactant for biological samples was identified. Droplets with a diameter of 1μm were generated for the first time using flow focussing and single quantum dots and fluorescent proteins where identified within these droplets. The fluorescence intensity time traces from these droplets enabled the number of encapsulated fluorescent particles to be measured.
A Simple Method of Seedling Screening for Drought Tolerance in Soybean

Water deficit is a serious constraint to soybean [Glycine max L. (Merr.)] production in rainfed regions of Asia, Africa, and America. This study was conducted to develop a simple and effective screening method for drought tolerance in soybean. Fifteen soybean cultivars, eight identified to be drought-tolerant and seven drought-sensitive in previous studies, were used for the evaluation of drought tolerance under the new screening conditions. The seedling screening method was consisted of a treatment in a PEG solution and drought treatment in parafilm-layered pots. 5-day-old seedlings were treated in a 18% PEG solution for 4 days and their wilting and hypocotyl browning were recorded. Three seedlings grown in a parafilm-layered pot containing peat moss were drought-stressed by withholding water from the third day after seedling emergence, and root and seedling growth were examined. Degree of drought tolerance were rated based on seedling vigor in the PEG solution and drought-stressed parafilm-layered pots, and also on the penetration ability of roots through parafilm layer. Most of seedlings of the drought-tolerant cultivars showed higher vigour and root penetration than those of the drought-sensitive cultivars under the new screening conditions. Our results indicate that the new method can be used as a simple and effective screening procedure for drought tolerance in soybean breeding programs.