Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biogenic synthesis, characterisation and antifungal activity of gum kondagogu-silver nano bio composite construct: assessment of its mode of action

The biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles was achieved by using gum kondagogu ( Cochlospermum gossypium ), a natural biopolymer (Gk-AgNPs). Synthesised nanoparticles were characterised by using UV-visible spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope techniques. The silver nano particle size determined was found to be 3.6 ± 2.2 nm. The synthesised Gk-AgNPs showed antifungal activity and exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration and minimal fungicidal concentration values ranging from 3.5 to 6.5 μg mL -1 against Aspergillus parasiticus (NRRL-2999) and Aspergillus flavus (NRRL-6513). Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis revealed morphological changes including deformation, shrunken and ruptured mycelium of the fungi. At the biochemical level, the mode of action revealed that there was an elevated level of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase enzyme activity. Increased oxidative stress led to increased outer membrane damage, which was confirmed by the entry of N -phenyl naphthylamine to the phospholipid layer of outer membrane and higher levels of K + release from the fungi treated with Gk-AgNPs. This study explores the possible application of biogenic silver nanoparticles produced from gum kondagogu as potent antifungal agents. The potent antifungal activity of Gk-AgNPs gives scope for its relevance in biomedical application and as a seed dressing material.
The Urgency of Criminal Code Bill Ratification in Criminal Law Policy Frame on The Spreading of Pornographic Content Offence

Nowadays, the crime of spreading pornographic content as one form of cybercrimes has developed into a frequent offence. This offence has inflicted a lot of damage psychologically and materially for those who become the victims because, with internet access available in cyber space, the spread of pornographic materials is faster, wider, and easier to be accessed by public. The aim of this study is to review criminal law policy on the handling of pornographic content spreading offence according to the present and the future positive law. This study used normative juridical method, a method which analyzed a problem based on ius constitutum and ius constituendum. Criminal Code and Special Criminal Act such as Pornographic Act and Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE) have not clearly regulated pornographic content spreading crime in Indonesia and have not been able to countermeasure this type of crime. This problem occurs in part because regulations are applicable specifically for offence containing pornographic element, but not applicable for the spread. Criminal Code Bill needs to be ratified because the Bill regulates the offence related to pornographic contents which is suitable to the condition and issue arising in Indonesia recently. In comparison to regulations on offence related to pornographic content spreading in various countries, the author found that each country adjusts the law related to pornographic content spreading according to the type of issues they face. Thus, Indonesia also needs to make a legal product that can suppress the spread of pornographic materials.
Neuroprotective Effects of the Inert Gas Argon on Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury In Vivo with the Controlled Cortical Impact Model in Mice

Simple Summary Traumatic brain injuries remain one of the leading causes of death in the western world and developing countries. There is an urgent need for causal therapies for such injuries. The noble gas argon has already shown promising results in in-vitro models. The influence of argon on the extent of damage after a craniocerebral trauma will be investigated in this study, in vivo, in mice. After the trauma, the animals were examined for neurological impairments and their brains were removed to detect brain edema and microscopically detectable alterations. Abstract Argon has shown neuroprotective effects after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and cerebral ischemia in vitro and in focal cerebral ischemia in vivo. The purpose of this study is to show whether argon beneficially impacts brain contusion volume (BCV) as the primary outcome parameter, as well as secondary outcome parameters, such as brain edema, intracranial pressure (ICP), neurological outcome, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in an in-vivo model. Subjects were randomly assigned to either argon treatment or room air. After applying controlled cortical impact (CCI) onto the dura with 8 m/s (displacement 1 mm, impact duration 150 ms), treatment was administered by a recovery chamber with 25%, 50%, or 75% argon and the rest being oxygen for 4 h after trauma. Two control groups received room air for 15 min and 24 h, respectively. Neurological testing and ICP measurements were performed 24 h after trauma, and brains were removed to measure secondary brain damage. The primary outcome parameter, BCV, and the secondary outcome parameter, brain edema, were not significantly reduced by argon treatment at any concentration. There was a highly significant decrease in ICP at 50% argon (p = 0.001), and significant neurological improvement (beamwalk missteps) at 25% and 50% argon (p = 0.01; p = 0.049 respectively) compared to control.
Reading, Mind Mapping, Sharing (RMS) on The Material of Human Reproductive System: Its Effectivity to Students’ Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS)

In the 21st century, there are some competencies that all students must have such as critical and creative thinking, and innovation which is included in Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). However, the accomplishment of HOTS in Indonesia is still considered low, and reading, mind mapping, sharing (RMS) hasn’t been used in improving HOTS. In the RMS model, the students learn to make a mind map that helps them to think and become creative in one activity. Therefore, it is necessary to research about students’ HOTS with RMS learning model. This study aimed to see the effectivity of the RMS learning model on students’ HOTS in biology. The method used in this research was quasi-experimental with a non-equivalent group design. The sampling technique used in SMAN 1 Ambawang of Kubu Raya Regency was a purposive sampling technique with class XI MIPA 3 as experimental class and class XI MIPA 4 as a control class. The study showed that the RMS learning model was effective (effect size = 0.6 or categorized in medium level) and could give an impact on students’ HOTS in learning the material of the human reproductive system. The result of average Gain value to test the impact of RMS towards students’ HOTS for class XI MIPA 3 was 45.51 and for class XI MIPA 4 was 38.10. The effectivity of RMS was tested with effect size test and the result showed is 0.6, characterized as medium level.
INVESTIGATION ON PHARMACOGNOSY AS WELL AS THE ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL OF THE KATHA POWDER

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the pharmacognosy as well as the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory potential of the Katha powder. Methods: The Coarsely dried chips of Acacia catechu heartwood were treated with 10 % hydro-alcoholic solution to obtain Katha as the final product. The powdered Katha was standardized through pharmacognostic parameters. This Katha power is showing the good solubility in the hot water having astringent in the taste. The powder microscopy of the Katha powder is to be demonstrated fragments of acicular crystals, fibers, and bordered pitted vessels. Katha powder antioxidant potential is to be accessed by using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl assay and NO Scavenging assay using ascorbic acid as a standard drug. Further, the Katha powder is to be subjected for the assessment of its anti-inflammatory potential by the use of heat-induced hemolysis as well as hypotonicity-induced hemolysis approach by the use of the aspirin or diclofenac sodium as a standard drug. Results: Microscopical investigations were showed that Katha showing the presence of fragments of acicular crystals, fibers, and bordered pitted vessels. In vitro study shows that the Katha powder has excellent antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory potential in a dose-dependent manner in comparison of the result of heartwood of A. catechu. Conclusion: So from this investigation, it is to be suggested that the Katha powder is rich in the phenolic compound and the experimentation study shows that the drug is to possess a good antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory property.
Rental Eviction and the COVID-19 Pandemic

As the federal moratorium on rental eviction is set to expire on July 31st, 2021, actionable guidance is urgently needed on how to ensure that renters can stay in their homes and housing aid reaches the communities that need it most. This report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine recommends that the Executive Office of the President of the United States should consider establishing a task force to prevent rental evictions and mitigate housing instability caused by the pandemic. Rental Eviction and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Averting a Looming Crisis recommends actions to be taken both urgently and over the next three years aimed at addressing the immediate crisis as well as long-standing needs related to housing choice, affordability, and security across the United States. These include: building on existing social programs that support those struggling with poverty and housing instability;efficiently channeling emergency relief to renters and landlords;increasing the availability of housing choice vouchers;reforming unemployment insurance;and reducing discriminatory practices and systemic inequities. © 2022 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Perubahan Garis Pantai Menggunakan Citra Satelit Landsat di Pesisir Kecamatan Sayung, Kabupaten Demak

Wilayah pesisir Kabupaten Demak yang terletak di bagian utara Pantai Jawa merupakan yang rentan terhadap perubahan garis pantai. Perubahan yang serius ini perlu dilakukan pemantauan terus menurus. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang perubahan garis pantai yang disebabkan oleh tingkat abrasi dan akresi yang terjadi di Kecamatan Sayung, Kabupaten Demak pada tahun 2013-2020. Metode penelitian ini dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif studi kasus dengan menggunakan teknologi penginderaan jauh. Metode penginderaan jauh yang digunakan untuk mengetahui perubahan garis pantai adalah dengan metode overlay (tumpang susun) garis pantai pada tahun yang berbeda dan Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan garis pantai Kecamatan Sayung dengan panjang pantai 20.953,59 m, telah mengalami abrasi pantai seluas 141,49 ha dan akresi sebesar 36,61 ha. Sehingga persentase tingkat abrasi sebesar 82% dan akresi sebesar 18%. Secara keseluruhan, rata-rata laju abrasi yang terjadi dalam kurun waktu periode 2013-2020 adalah sebesar 13,08 meter/tahun dan laju akresi sebesar 8,22 meter/tahun. Perubahan garis pantai yang terjadi dari tahun 2013 hingga tahun 2020 lebih banyak mengalami abrasi jika dibandingkan dengan akresi. The coastal area of Demak Regency, which is located on the northern coast of Java, is vulnerable to shoreline changes. This serious change is necessary for ongoing monitoring. This research was conducted to obtain information about coastline change in coastal Sayung District of Demak Regency in 2013 until 2020. This research method is done by using descriptive method of case study by using remote sensing technology. The remote sensing method used to determine shoreline changes is overlay method and Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) in different years. Based on the research results can be seen the rate of change of coastline length of 20.953,59 m, shoreline changes that occur in the form of abrasion of 141,49 ha and changes in the form of accretion of 36,61 ha. So that the proportion of the abrasion rate is 82% and the accretion is 18%. Overall, the average rate of abrasion that occurred in the 2013-2020 period was 13.08 meters / year and the accretion rate was 8.22 meters / year. Coastlines that occur from 2013 to 2020 more experienced abrasion process when compared to the accretion process.
Preliminary Analysis of an Aged RPV Subjected to Station Blackout

Today, 46% of operating Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) have a lifetime between 31 and 40 years, while 19% have been in operation for more than 40 years. Long Term Operation (LTO) is an urgent requirement for all of the nuclear industry. The aim of this study is to assess the performance of a reactor pressure vessel (RPV) subjected to a station blackout (SBO) event. Alterations suffered by the material properties and creep at elevated temperatures are considered. In this study, coupling between MELCOR and Finite Element Method (FEM) codes is carried out. In the Finite Element (FE) model, the combined effects of ageing and creep are implemented through degraded material properties and a viscoplastic model. The reliability of the model is validated by comparing the FOREVER/C1 experimental results. The results show that the RPV lower head bends downwards with a maximum radial expansion of about 260 mm and RPV thermomechanical properties are reduced by more than 50% at high temperatures. The effects of ageing, creep and long heat-up strongly affect the resistance of the RPV system until the point of compromising it in the absence of/delayed emergency intervention. Aged RPV at end-of-life may collapse earlier, and in less time, with the same accidental conditions.
An exploratory cross-sectional study of the impact of farm characteristics and calf management practices on morbidity and passive transfer of immunity in 202 Chianina beef-suckler calves

Abstract There are no published data on the risk factors associated with morbidity, mortality and passive transfer failure in Chianina beef-suckler calves. To implement prevention strategies in beef enterprises, gaining management information and identifying risk factors are essential. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify calf-level management practices and farm characteristics associated with disease incidence, mortality and serum IgG concentration in Chianina beef-suckler calves from farms in Umbria, Italy. In total, 202 Chianina beef-suckler calves aged 2–7 days from nine farms were enrolled. For each calf born, blood samples were collected and specific information on management practices and farm characteristics was obtained through farmer interviews. Serum immunoglobulin concentrations were measured using radial immunodiffusion. Mortality and morbidity data were extracted from the farm’s cow file six months after the last farm visit. The impact of farm characteristics and calf management practices on the mortality rate could not be assesses due to low case fatality in our enrolled calves (10/202). A multivariable logistic regression model indicated that prepartum vaccination against Escherichia coli, rotavirus and coronavirus, and bottle-fed colostrum were associated with serum IgG concentration. Birth season and serum IgG concentration were associated with the development of neonatal calf diarrhoea and the development of both neonatal calf diarrhoea and respiratory disease, respectively. Furthermore, family-owned farms represent an important factor related to respiratory disease episodes. The possible influence of these factors on passive immunity and neonatal calf diarrhoea and respiratory disease appearance should be considered when advising farmers. Highlights Effects of farm characteristics and management practices on health were investigated in 202 Chianina calves. Dam vaccination against Escherichia coli, Rotavirus and Coronavirus, and colostrum feeding assistance affect calf passive immunity. Calves with low serum IgG concentrations became sick; diarrhoea was common during cold months; respiratory disease was more common in family-run farms.
Atomistic simulation of phosphorus segregation to Σ3 (111) symmetrical tilt grain boundary in α-iron

Irradiation-induced grain boundary (GB) phosphorus segregation is an important factor for estimating the embrittlement of nuclear reactor pressure vessel steels, but the physical process of phosphorus migration to grain boundaries is still unclear. We numerically studied phosphorus migration toward a Σ3(111) symmetrical tilt GB in α-iron using molecular dynamics. We found that, in the vicinity of the GB within ∼1 nm distance, an iron–phosphorus mixed dumbbell and an octahedral interstitial phosphorus atom push a self-interstitial atom into the GB, and the phosphorus atom becomes a substitutional atom. A phosphorus-vacancy complex in the region also becomes dissociated, and the vacancy is absorbed in the GB without dragging phosphorus. The results claim that a novel view of the segregation process is required.
Nonlinearity in simple phenomenological model for activity-dependent responses of target-cell specific synapses

: Synaptic responses in activity-dependent manners are thought to play crucial roles in neuronal information processing and are called short-term synaptic plasticity. Typically, two major types of short-term plasticity are observed in the cortical or the hippocampal synapses: facilitation and depression. Although these synaptic responses are reproducible in a canonical phenomenological model, synaptic responses are diverse and target-cell speciﬁc, and then the phenomenological model does not cover synaptic responses such as facilitation growth and facilitation-depression. In contrast, while detailed models of short-term plasticity can trace the two synaptic responses, its computational costs are too heavy to simulate large-scale neuronal networks whose simulations are necessary to clarify functional roles and mechanisms of information processing in the cortical or the hippocampal ﬁne-scale circuits. To understand them, the realization of the synaptic responses by a simple STP model is an important issue. In the current study, it is demonstrated a small extension of the canonical phenomenological model makes it possible to realize the synaptic responses of the facilitation growth and the facilitation-depression. Besides, the current study conducts basic analyses of responses in the synapses to both regular and random action potential trains and provides results of the analyses because the nature of the synapses is not clariﬁed yet.
210Po Radioactivity in Tobacco and Smoke Inhalation Effective Dose Estimation

In this study, 210 Po radioactivity in tobacco and effective dose estimation from smoke inhalation were investigated. 14 most frequently used cigarette brands in Turkey were used for this purpose. 210 Po average radioactivity in tobacco was found to be 25.4 ± 2.0 Bq/kg. 210 Po mean annual effective dose was found to be 181.8 µSv/y.
Trial and Error Learning for Dynamic Distributed Channel Allocation in Random Medium

This paper considers the problem of fully distributed channel allocation in clustered wireless networks when the propagation medium is random. We extend here the existing Trial and Error (TE) framework developed in the deterministic case and for which strong convergence properties hold. We prove that using directly this solution in the random context leads to unsatisfactory solutions. Then we propose an adaptation of the original Trial and Error Learning (TEL) algorithm, called Robust TEL (RTEL), assuming that the random channel effects translate into a bounded stochastic disturbance of the utility function. The solution consists in introducing thresholds in the transitions of the TEL’s Finite State Controller (FSC). We prove that this new solution restores the good convergence property inherited from the TEL. Furthermore, we provide analysis of the stochastic utilities in the Rayleigh fading case in order to check the bounded assumption. Finally, we develop an online algorithm that dynamically estimates the optimal threshold values to adapt to the instantaneous disturbance. Numerical results corroborate our theoretical claims.
Normality Assessment of Several Quantitative Data Transformation Procedures

Usually, quantitative data standardization and/or normalization procedures requested in biological and as well in biomedical data analysis with the purpose to infer about linear regression relationship between processed variables and/or conditions. Here, we embarked to understand performance of quantitative data transformation systems in terms of reducing data variability as well as assessing data distribution normality by a computational statistic approach. For this purpose, we performed several multivariate descriptive and analytical statistical tests. Even if results shown drastic reduction of data variability by applying presently data transformation procedures, it is noteworthy to underline the relative opposite attitude of Exponential (Expo) data standardization system in that sense. In addition although, results revealed variance homogeneity for data processed by both Maximum and Logarithm data transformation methods, it is noteworthy to underline a relative variance homogeneity with regard data submitted to Box-Cox, Z-score, Minimum-Maximum and Square Root data transformation methods. Further, findings exhibited high aptitude of Square Root, Box-Cox and Logarithm quantitative data standardization methods, in stabilizing processed data variability. Interestingly, results shown high performances of Logarithm and Box-Cox data standardization systems in term of adjusting data normal distribution. In addition, multiple comparison of mean by Turkey contrast test suggested the high performance in term of data normality with regard Box-Cox standardization method. In conclusion, even if our results revealed heterogenic performances of presently processed quantitative data transformation methods, it is noteworthy to underline the high performances of both Box-Cox and Logarithm methods
TRANSESTERIFIKASI CRUDE PALM OIL(CPO) MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS HETEROGEN CaO DARI CANGKANG KERANG DARAH (Anadara Granosa) KALSINASI 900oC

Biodiesel merupakan salah satu energi alternatif yang ramah lingkungan dan mempunyai sifat menyerupai minyak solar. Pada penelitian ini biodiesel disintesis melalui reaksi transesterifikasi Crude Palm Oil (CPO) menggunakan katalis CaO dari cangkang kerang darah ( Anadara granosa ) yang dikalsinasi pada suhu 900 0 C selama 10 jam. Kondisi reaksi yang diteliti adalah pengaruh berat katalis (2, 4, 6, 8% (b/b) CPO), suhu reaksi (50, 55, 60, 65 0 C), waktu reaksi (1, 2, 3, 4h) dan rasio mol minyak-metanol (1:6, 1:9, 1:12, 1:15). Hasil rendemen optimum biodiesel yang dihasilkan pada penelitian ini sebesar 84,89% yang diperoleh pada kondisi reaksi: berat katalis 4% (b/b), suhu reaksi 60 0 C, waktu reaksi 3h dan rasio mol minyak-metanol 1:9. Biodiesel dikarakterisasi menurut standar ASTM untuk kandungan air, berat jenis, viskositas, titik nyala, residu karbon, bilangan asam, bilangan iodium dan angka setana. Hasil karakterisasi biodiesel tersebut sesuai dengan SNI biodiesel (SNI-04-7182-2006), kecuali nilai viskositas yang melebihi nilai standar SNI. Kata kunci : Biodiesel, Cangkang kerang, CaO, Crude palm oil, Katalis heterogen