Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling vital rates and age-sex structure of Pacific arctic phocids: influence on aerial survey correction factors

To estimate abundance, surveys of marine mammals often rely on samples of satellite-tagged individuals to correct counts for the proportion of animals that are unavailable to be detected. However, naïve application of this correction relies on the key assumption that availability of the tagged sample resembles that of the population. Here, we show how matrix population models can be used to estimate the stable stage structure of bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus), ribbon seals (Histriophoca fasciata), ringed seals (Pusa hispida), and spotted seals (Phoca largha) in the Bering and Chukchi Seas, and how these proportions can be used to adjust aerial survey correction factors so that they represent population-level availability. We find that correction factors ignoring age-sex composition can positively bias spotted seal abundance by an average of 13% and negatively bias ribbon seal abundance by an average of 5%. Note that we did not examine potential bias for bearded or ringed seals due to low sample sizes; as such, we urge caution in interpretation of abundance estimates for these species.
Structural basis of mammalian complex IV inhibition by steroids

The mitochondrial electron transport chain maintains the proton motive force that powers ATP synthesis. The energy for this process comes from oxidation of NADH and succinate, with the electrons from this oxidation passed via intermediate carriers to oxygen. Complex IV (CIV), the terminal oxidase, transfers electrons from the intermediate electron carrier cytochrome c to oxygen, contributing to the proton motive force in the process. Within CIV, protons move through the K- and D-pathways during turnover. The former is responsible for transferring two protons to the enzyme’s catalytic site upon reduction of the site, where they eventually combine with oxygen and electrons to form water. CIV is the main site for respiratory regulation, and although previous studies showed that steroid-binding can regulate CIV activity little is known about how this regulation occurs. Here we characterize the interaction between CIV and steroids using a combination of kinetic experiments, structure determination, and molecular simulations. We show that molecules with a sterol moiety, such as glyco-diosgenin and cholesteryl hemisuccinate, reversibly inhibit CIV. Flash photolysis experiments probing the high-speed equilibration of electrons within CIV demonstrate that binding of these molecules inhibits proton uptake through the K-pathway. Single particle cryo-EM of CIV with glyco-diosgenin reveals a previously undescribed steroid-binding site adjacent to the K-pathway, and molecular simulations suggest that the steroid binding modulates the conformational dynamics of key residues and proton transfer kinetics within this pathway. The binding pose of the sterol group sheds light on possible structural gating mechanisms in the CIV catalytic cycle. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Mammalian complex IV (CIV), the final complex of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, uses electrons from cytochrome c to reduce oxygen to water, driving aerobic life. Although CIV functions as the main site for respiratory regulation, there is little structural or biochemical information on how this regulation occurs. Previous studies provided evidence of CIV regulation by steroids, but the steroid binding site and regulatory mechanism remain unclear. Using single particle cryogenic electron microscopy, we discover the binding site of the steroid-derived detergent, glyco-diosgenin. Results from flash photolysis kinetic experiments with CIV in the presence of glyco-diosgenin and cholesterol hemisuccinate are combined with cryo-EM and molecular simulations to elucidate how steroid binding limits proton uptake by the complex.
Tuned inhibitory firing rate and connection weights as emergent network properties

Excitatory cortical neurons show clear tuning to stimulus features, but the tuning properties of inhibitory neurons are ambiguous and have been the subject of a long debate. While inhibitory neurons have been considered to be largely untuned [1–4], recent studies show that some parvalbumin expressing (PV) neurons do show feature selectivity and participate in co-tuned subnetworks with pyramidal cells in which PV cells show high response similarity to the excitatory (E) neurons [5, 6]. Given shared input from layer 4 that drives feature tuning in excitatory subnetworks, we demonstrate that homeostatic regulation of postsynaptic firing rate governing the synaptic dynamics of the connections from PV to E cells, in combination with heterogeneity in the excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) that impinge on PV cells, results in the self-organization of PV subnetworks. We reconcile different experimental findings by showing that feature tuning of PV cells is an emerging network property that may be driven by synaptic heterogeneity, and can be inferred using population-level measures, while pairwise individual-level measures may fail to reveal inhibitory tuning. We show that such co-tuning can enhance network stability at the cost of response salience.
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering Detection and Remove of Defects in Image Based on Multi-Stage Median Filter and Local Binary Patterns

- The research describes a method of detecting and eliminate distortions in archival Image documents using texture analysis based on local binary neighborhoods. The proposed approach consists of the following stages: pretreatment, detection of scratches and remove it. Pre-treatment is used for reduce the effects of noise and small defects in the image by Multi-Stage Median Filter. For recognition of the class defects using a Support Vector Machine. The benefit of the new approach a few examples in the detection and remove noise and scratches. The aim of this work is to reduce the noise and error recovery images based on the detection and reconstruction of defects in the photographs.
Rural development in economic development perspective

Panchayat Raj System has been the backbone of the Indian villages since the beginning of recorded history. It is the system which had prevailed as a source of rural sustainable development before and after independence. Political thinkers, freedom fighters, social reformers, and bureaucrats including central and state governments nominated committees actively participated to implement the Panchayat Raj system effectively. Being the biggest democratic nation of the world, the decentralization of administration has resulted in India becoming one of the prominent developing country. The decentralization of administration has provided certain powers to the local governance which has made the grassroots formidable with people‘s involvement in administration. The phases of Panchayat Raj which are discussed below will show the importance of this system and also the modifications which have been made during the pre- and post-independence period
CURRENT PROGRESS IN ADVANCED DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEMS: A STRUCTURED ANALYIS

In the field of automotive safety, advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) are receiving growing attention. This can be explained, on the one hand, by the fast increasing number of fatal road accidents, on the other hand, by the opportunities offered by new knowledge, concepts, technologies and systems. Our background research targets to contribute to the development of a more sophisticated on-board solution. Starting out from the fact that effective ADAS requires awareness of the actual driving situation, reliable assessment of the risks, and ra pid decision on assisting actions, this paper reviews t he current progress in these subfields. The goal is to explore and critically analyze the most promising technological solutions and system concepts. In order to systematize our study, first a reasoning model is introduced. Then, various models for drive r, vehicle and environment modeling are surveyed. This is appended with a detailed study of the different situation and risk assessment methods, and differen t intervention mechanisms applied in automotive safety systems. Our observation has been that thinking about ADAS reflects a ‘perception, analysi s, decision and action’ pattern. Though a huge amount of research knowledge has been published, there are several gaps in the knowledge, not to mention technologies and product/service solutions, related to complex driving situations and smart assistance. We will use the gathered information in developing a new framework and prototype of a real-time inference-action solution.
Exascale computer system design : the square kilometre array

Exascale Computer System Design: The Square Kilometre Array With each new generation, the performance of high-performance computing systems increases. In the past decade, supercomputers reached petascale performance: machines capable of processing more than 1015 floating-point operations per second (FLOPS). Today, engineers are working to conquer the next barrier: building an exascale system capable of processing more than 1018 FLOPS. A major challenge is to keep power consumption low. Petascale systems reached an energy e ciency of a few GFLOPS per watt, but it is estimated that exascale systems need to reach at least 50 GFLOPS per watt. System architects face a huge design space that is too expensive to simulate or prototype. New methodologies are needed to assess the architectural trade-o s involved in reaching the goal of building an energy-e cient exascale system in this decade. A prime example of an exascale system is the computing system required to operate the future Square Kilometre Array (SKA) radio telescope. Hundreds of thousands of antennas and thousands of dishes are constructed in two phases in the Australian and South African deserts. Two instruments are constructed in phase one: SKA1-Low and SKA1-Mid. The raw data from the receivers—nearly 150 TB/s in phase one alone—need to be processed in near real-time. Processing is performed in three steps: the station processor, the central signal processor (CSP), and the science data processor (SDP). The output is scientific data, such as sky images, for astronomers to use. The SKA is the use case for the exascale system design methodology we develop in this dissertation, with particular focus on the imaging pipeline. The first contribution of this work is an application-specific model to derive the computing requirements on the processing platform from the instrumental parameters of radio telescopes. A first-order prediction of power consumption is based on extrapolations from the TOP500 supercomputer list. An analysis of the original SKA phase-one baseline design, released by the SKA Organisation (SKAO), shows that the telescope requires a sustained computing throughput of nearly 1 EFLOPS for the SDP. We predict a power consumption of up to 120 MW in 2018. Partly based on results of this analysis, the SKAO released a revised design of the telescope to reduce the power consumption of the system. The i
The Relationship between Conscientiousness and Perception on Ethical Leadership with Felt Accountability in Employee

: Felt accountability is one of the keys to success in organizations because it provides guidance and direction for employees to form their role expectations and mutual obligations, and also clarifies the evaluation criteria for their performance and behavior. Furthermore, it is associated with employees’ ethical conducts. It is therefore important to explore the predictors of felt accountability. The purpose of this research is to explore the effects of individual factor, conscientiousness ( α = 0.87) and group factor, ethical leadership ( α = 0.83) to felt accountability ( α = 0.74) in employee. A total of 140 surveys were collected using a time lag method (2 weeks gap) in 2 different organizational structures. The results show that (1) conscientiousness and felt accountability have a positive and significant impact, (2) no significant impact was found between ethical leadership and felt accountability, and(3) unexpectedly, organizational structure significantly affect felt accountability, in that organic structure shapes higher tendency for felt accountability. The impacts of this study are further discussed.
A Road towards 6G Communication—A Review of 5G Antennas, Arrays, and Wearable Devices

Next-generation communication systems and wearable technologies aim to achieve high data rates, low energy consumption, and massive connections because of the extensive increase in the number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) and wearable devices. These devices will be employed for many services such as cellular, environment monitoring, telemedicine, biomedical, and smart traffic, etc. Therefore, it is challenging for the current communication devices to accommodate such a high number of services. This article summarizes the motivation and potential of the 6G communication system and discusses its key features. Afterward, the current state-of-the-art of 5G antenna technology, which includes existing 5G antennas and arrays and 5G wearable antennas, are summarized. The article also described the useful methods and techniques of exiting antenna design works that could mitigate the challenges and concerns of the emerging 5G and 6G applications. The key features and requirements of the wearable antennas for next-generation technology are also presented at the end of the paper.
Size and Liquidity Effects in Sub Saharan African stock markets

This study contrasts the effectiveness of a Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) augmented with size and recently developed Liu (2006) liquidity factors against the Fama and French (1993) size and book to market value factors. The application of time varying parameter techniques enables a greater understanding of the dynamics of liquidity within a unique sample of Sub Saharan African stocks. The evidence suggests that with the exceptions of Ghanaian and Kenyan markets the Fama and French factors retain their explanatory power in explaining the cross section of stock returns. Time varying liquidity beta profiles indicate that the financial sectors of Namibia, Zambia and Mauritius have been affected by the 2008 global financial crisis, while Botswana and Kenya are unscathed. Abstract This study contrasts the effectiveness of a Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) augmented with size and recently developed Liu (2006) liquidity factors against the Fama and French (1993) size and book to market value factors. The application of time varying parameter techniques enables a greater understanding of the dynamics of liquidity within a unique sample of Sub Saharan African stocks. The evidence suggests that with the exceptions of Ghanaian and Kenyan markets the Fama and French factors retain their explanatory power in explaining the cross section of stock returns. Time varying liquidity beta profiles indicate that the financial sectors of Namibia, Zambia and Mauritius have been affected by the 2008 global financial crisis, while Botswana and Kenya are unscathed.
Which Personal and Organizational Factors Influence the Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction of Shipyard Blue-Collar Workers?

Background: The purpose of this research was to analyze which personal and organizational factors are related to organizational commitment and job satisfaction of shipyard workers who work in different auxiliary shipyard military companies in the north of Spain. Methods: In total, 567 shipyard workers participated in this cross-sectional survey study. The ages were between 19 and 64 (M = 39.36, SD = 10.01), males 82.52%, females 17.48%. We used a survey that included questions about personal and organizational factors such as physical environment, occupational risks, and psychosocial risks, in addition to the job commitment and job satisfaction scales. Results: The results of this study show that job commitment is significantly related to a higher age, lower education, and environmental risk (low vs. high). Furthermore, job satisfaction (high vs. low) and organizational commitment (high vs. low) is related with environmental risk (low vs. high). Job commitment is also higher in workers with a low educational level and older workers. Job satisfaction is lower in workers with a high educational level. Conclusions: This study shows that different personal and environmental factors influence the shipyard workers’ organizational commitment and job satisfaction.
The Fractional Hilbert Transform on the Real Line

<jats:p>This paper examines some special properties and important results of the fractional Hilbert transform (FHT) on the real line <jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"> <mi>ℝ</mi> </math> </jats:inline-formula>. In this rigorous study, we modify certain theorems of classical Hilbert transform for FHT and develop new theorems. Moreover, FHT of some common functions is given and eigenfunctions are also studied. We prove that FHT, denoted by <jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"> <msub> <mrow> <mi>H</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math> </jats:inline-formula>, is an isomorphism on <jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"> <msup> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mfenced open="(" close=")" separators="|"> <mrow> <mi>ℝ</mi> </mrow> </mfenced> </math> </jats:inline-formula>. We also show that in <jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"> <msup> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mfenced open="(" close=")" separators="|"> <mrow> <mi>ℝ</mi> </mrow> </mfenced> </math> </jats:inline-formula>, FHT is an isometry. Furthermore, we investigate Riesz inequality on <jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"> <msup> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mfenced open="(" close=")" separators="|"> <mrow> <mi>ℝ</mi> </mrow> </mfenced> </math> </jats:inline-formula> for <jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"> <mi>p</mi> <mo>></mo> <mn>1</mn> </math> </jats:inline-formula> to establish Hilbert formulae for FHT. </jats:p>
Influence of Tools Input/Output Requirements on Managers Core Front End Activities in New Product Development.

The object of analysis of this explorative research is the Fuzzy Front End of Innovation in Product Development, described by those activities going from the opportunity identification to the concept definition. Business scholars have shown that confusion in terms of goals and different ideas about opportunities; make this early phase of the innovation process uncertain and extremely risky. Literature suggests that the understanding, selection and use of appropriate tools/techniques to support decision making are instrumental for a less fuzzy front end of innovation. This paper considers the adoption and use of such tools and the ways that new product development processes can change accordingly. The starting hypothesis that we test here, using 5 case studies in Italy and Denmark, is that managers have to fully understand the needed input requirements and be aware of potential of such tools, in order to experience the expected outcomes downstream. By means of in depth semi-structured interviews, questionnaires and an online survey, we will here investigate the dynamics of tools selection, exploring its effect on the level of difficulty of usage and the potential impact on the efficacy of the new product development process is carried-out. First results show that managers have a low/very low awareness of tools’ inputs/outputs requirements. This gives life to the problem according to which managers cannot select appropriate tools if they do not know their basic characteristics, challenging the opportunity to improve the efficacy of the NPD
Whose self-control development suffers or benefits in the face of adversity? A longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth followed from age 10 to 16

This study assessed the co-development of adversity and effortful control based on a sample of Mexican-origin youth (N = 674) and their parents. We used a four-wave longitudinal design and followed target participants from age 10 to 16. At each time point, we measured adversity experienced by the children and their parents and children’s effortful control (self- and parent-reported). We also assessed children’s shift-and-persist coping strategies at ages 14 and 16. Across time, we found slight decreases in child-adversity and slight increases in parent-adversity. Based on bivariate LGC analyses, we found that the strongest effects surfaced for child- (vs. parent-) adversity. Specifically, we found that greater increases in child-adversity were associated with greater decreases in effortful control from ages 10 to 16. Moreover, we found a positive association between initial levels of child-adversity and the slope of effortful control, as well as a cross-sectional negative association between child- and parent-adversity and effortful control (at age 10). We found no evidence of moderation by shift-and-persist coping strategies. In sum, our results suggest that, on average, Mexican-origin youth exposed to more adversity might experience more maladaptive change with respect to effortful control.
VNGuarder: An Internal Threat Detection Approach for Virtual Network in Cloud Computing Environment

Edge-assisted Internet of things applications often need to use cloud virtual network services to transmit data. However, the internal threats such as illegal management and configuration to cloud platform intentionally or unintentionally will lead to virtual network security problems such as malicious changes of user network and hijacked data flow. It will eventually affect edge-assisted Internet of things applications. We propose a virtual network internal threat detection method called VNGuarder in a cloud computing environment, which can effectively monitor whether the virtual network configuration of legitimate users under the IaaS cloud platform has been maliciously changed or destroyed by insiders. First, based on the life cycle of cloud virtual network services, we summarized two types of internal attacks involving illegal use of virtualization management tools and illegal invocation of virtual network-related processes. Second, based on normal behavior of tenants, a hierarchical trusted call correlation scheme is proposed to provide a basis for discovering that insiders illegally call virtualized management tools and virtual network-related processes on the controller node of the cloud platform or the network node and compute node. Third, a trace-enable mechanism combining real-time monitoring and log analysis is introduced. By collecting and recording the complete call process of virtual network management and configuration in the cloud platform, and comparing it with the result of the hierarchical trusted call correlation, abnormal operations can be reported to the tenants in time. Comprehensive simulation experiments on the Openstack platform show that VNGuarder can effectively detect illegal management and configuration of virtual networks by insiders without significantly affecting the creation time of tenant networks and the utilization of CPU and memory.