Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electroweak baryogenesis and Higgs signatures

We explore the connection between the strength of the electroweak phase transition and the properties of the Higgs boson. Our interest is in regions of parameter space that can realize electroweak baryogenesis. We do so in a simplified framework in which a single Higgs field couples to new scalar fields charged under $SU(3{)}_{c}$ by way of the Higgs portal. Such new scalars can make the electroweak phase transition more strongly first-order, while contributing to the effective Higgs boson couplings to gluons and photons through loop effects. For Higgs boson masses in the range $115\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}\ensuremath{\lesssim}{m}_{h}\ensuremath{\lesssim}130\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$, whenever the phase transition becomes strong enough for successful electroweak baryogenesis, we find that Higgs boson properties are modified by an amount observable by the LHC. We also discuss the baryogenesis window of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), which appears to be under tension. Furthermore, we argue that the discovery of a Higgs boson with standard model-like couplings to gluons and photons will rule out electroweak baryogenesis in the MSSM.
Magnetism in the nearby galaxy M 33

Abstract Using high-resolution data of the linearly polarized intensity and polarization angle at 3.6, 6.2, and 20 cm together with a 3-D model of the regular magnetic field, we study variations of the structure, strength, and energy density of the magnetic field in the Scd galaxy M 33. The regular magnetic field consists of a horizontal component (represented by an axisymmetric mode from 1 to 3 kpc radius and a superposition of axisymmetric and bisymmetric modes from 3 to 5 kpc radius) and a vertical component. However, the inferred ‘vertical field’ may be partly due to a galactic warp. We estimate the average total and regular magnetic field strengths as ≃6.4 and 2.5 μG, respectively. Generation of interstellar magnetic fields by turbulent gas motion in M 33 is indicated as the turbulent and magnetic energy densities are about equal.
Overview of Voltage Regulator Modules in 48 V Bus-Based Data Center Power Systems

The intermediate dc bus voltage in modern data center backend power supply is evolving from conventional 12 V to 48 V. It still requires the voltage regulator modules (VRM) to feed the terminal loads such as memory and computing units operating with very high current (> 100 A/module) and very low logic voltage (0.8 V-1.8 V). This makes it challenging to optimize the design of load-side VRMs with quadrupled input voltage. This paper comprehensively reviews the state-of-the-art 48 V VRMs and categorizes them according to passive component utilization. The first category is inductive solution which is further divided into coupled-inductor-based converters and transformer-based converters. The second category named capacitive solution is further divided into resonant switched-capacitor-based converters (Resonant SCC) and hybrid switched-capacitor-based converters (Hybrid SCC). Typical topologies are discussed, analyzed and summarized to perform a comprehensive performance comparison, such that the characteristics of different VRMs can be manifested. Some design considerations are also given to facilitate the design of the practical prototypes. Moreover, opportunities and challenges in the future data center power system are presented to provide technical insights.
How the Polyakov loop and the regularization affect strangeness and restoration of symmetries at finite T

The effects of the Polyakov loop and of a regularization procedure that allows the presence of high momentum quark states at finite temperature is investigated within the Polyakov‐loop extended Nambu‐Jona‐Lasinio model. The characteristic temperatures, as well as the behavior of observables that signal deconfinement and restoration of chiral and axial symmetries, are analyzed, paying special attention to the behavior of strangeness degrees of freedom. We observe that the cumulative effects of the Polyakov loop and of the regularization procedure contribute to a better description of the thermodynamics, as compared with lattice estimations. We find a faster partial restoration of chiral symmetry and the restoration of the axial symmetry appears as a natural consequence of the full recovering of the chiral symmetry that was dynamically broken. These results show the relevance of the effects of the interplay among the Polyakov loop dynamics, the high momentum quark sates and the restoration of the chiral and.
Compact stars in a SU(3) Quark-Meson Model

The recent observations of the massive pulsars PSR J1614-2230 and of PSR J0348+0432 with about two solar masses implies strong constraints on the properties of dense matter in the core of compact stars. Effective models of QCD aiming to describe neutron star matter can thereby be considerably constrained. In this context, a chiral quark-meson model based on a SU(3) linear $\sigma$-model with a vacuum pressure and vector meson exchange is discussed in this work. The impact of its various terms and parameters on the equation of state and the maximum mass of compact stars are delineated to check whether pure quark stars with two solar masses are feasible within this approach. Large vector meson coupling constant and a small vacuum pressure allow for maximum masses of two or more solar masses. However, pure quark stars made of absolutely stable strange quark matter, so called strange stars, turn out to be restricted to a quite small parameter range.
Deep Learning-Based Melanoma Detection with Optimized Features via Hybrid Algorithm

Recently, there had been a massive group of people, who were being rapidly affected by melanoma. Melanoma is a form of skin cancer that develops on the skin’s surface layer. This is primarily caused due to excessive skin exposure to UV radiation and severe sunburns. Thus, the early detection of melanoma can aid us to cure it completely. This paper intends to introduce a new melanoma detection framework with four main phases viz. segmentation, feature extraction, optimal feature selection, as well as detection. Initially, the segmentation process takes place to the input skin image via Fuzzy C-Means Clustering (FCM) approach. From the segmented image [Formula: see text], some of the features such as Gray Level Run Length Matrix (GLRM), Local Vector Pattern (LVP), Local Binary Pattern (LBP), Local Directional Pattern (LDP) and Local Tetra Pattern (LTrP) are extracted. As the extracted features [Formula: see text] suffered from the issue of “curse of dimensionality”, this paper utilizes optimization to select optimal features, which makes the detection more precise. As a novelty, a new hybrid algorithm Particle-Assisted Moth Search Algorithm (PA-MSA) is introduced that hybridizes the concept of Moth Search Algorithm (MSA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), respectively. For the classification process, the optimally chosen features [Formula: see text] are fed as input, where Deep Convolution Neural Network (DCNN) is used. Finally, a performance-based comparative analysis is conducted among the proposed PA-MSA as well as the existing models with respect to various measures.
Apoptotic Body-Rich Media from Tenocytes Enhance Proliferation and Migration of Tenocytes and Bone Marrow Stromal Cells

The intrinsic healing following tendon injury is ideal, in which tendon progenitor cells proliferate and migrate to the injury site to directly bridge or regenerate tendon tissue. However, the mechanism determining why and how those cells are attracted to the injury site for tendon healing is not understood. Since the tenocytes near the injury site go through apoptosis or necrosis following injury, we hypothesized that secretions from injured tenocytes might have biological effects on cell proliferation and migration to enhance tendon healing. Tenocyte apoptosis was induced by 24 h cell starvation. Apoptotic body-rich media (T-ABRM) and apoptotic body-depleted media (T-ABDM) were collected from culture media after centrifuging. Tenocytes and bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMDSCs) were isolated and cultured with the following four media: (1) T-ABRM, (2) T-ABDM, (3) GDF-5, or (4) basal medium with 2% fetal calf serum (FCS). The cell activities and functions were evaluated. Both T-ABRM and T-ABDM treatments significantly stimulated the cell proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix synthesis for both tenocytes and BMDSCs compared to the control groups (GDF-5 and basal medium). However, cell proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix production of T-ABRM-treated cells were significantly higher than the T-ABDM, which indicates the apoptotic bodies are critical for cell activities. Our study revealed the possible mechanism of the intrinsic healing of the tendon in which apoptotic bodies, in the process of apoptosis, following tendon injury promote tenocyte and stromal cell proliferation, migration, and production. Future studies should analyze the components of the apoptotic bodies that play this role, and, thus, the targeting of therapeutics can be developed.
Exciting New Data in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma

The phase II 2018-04 study conducted by the Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome (IFM) group confirmed the efficacy and safety of quadruplet induction therapy in high-risk (HR), transplant-eligible (TE), newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients (NDMM). 1 Previous studies investigating the triplet combination of carfilzomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone (KRd) demonstrated a high efficacy with a favorable safety profile in TE-NDMM patients. 2 Furthermore, the addition of daratumumab (Dara) to front-line therapy resulted in a deep response and improved progression-free survival (PFS) in TE-NDMM patients, including HR patients. 3,4 The IFM study included TE-NDMM patients (age <66 years) with HR disease defined by cytogenic abnormalities such as translocation (t)(4;14), deletion (del)17p and t(14;16) detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The induction therapy consisted of 6 cycles of daratumumab, carfilzomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Dara-KRd) given over 28 days, followed by stem cell collection and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Consolidation Dara-KRd was given in 4 cycles followed by a second round of ASCT, and finally, daratumumab and lenalidomide maintenance were adminis - tered over 2 years. The primary objective of this study was the feasibility of this treatment.
Not by the Book: Observations of Delayed Oviposition and Re-Colonization of Human Remains by Blow Flies

Simple Summary Atypical blow fly colonization is rarely documented in the forensic entomology literature. We demonstrate one case of an exaggerated delay in blow fly colonization and two cases of blow fly re-colonization after cessation of the consumption phase on human remains at the Anthropology Research Facility (University of Tennessee). We recommend interdisciplinary collaboration to better interpret evidence encountered from scenarios comparable to these examples. Abstract Postmortem interval estimations can be complicated by the inter-individual variation present in human decomposition. Forensic entomologists may especially face challenges interpreting arthropod evidence in scenarios that are not “by the book”, or that vary in unexpected ways. Therefore, it is important to report instances where blow fly colonization does not align with expected soft tissue decomposition as blow fly larvae are often used to produce a time of colonization (TOC) estimation to infer a minimum PMI. We followed the decomposition and blow fly activity of three human donors at the Anthropology Research Facility (University of Tennessee). Delayed oviposition occurred on one donor 115 d post-placement, whereas two donors experienced blow fly re-colonization after cessation of the consumption phase, one 22 d and one more than 200 d after blow fly larvae were last observed. A null hypothesis model tested whether the entomological TOC and anthropological total body score (TBS) estimations encompassed the time of placement (TOP) for each donor. While the null hypothesis was rejected for all TOC estimations, it could not be rejected for the TBS estimations. We discuss how the non-linear nature of human decomposition can pose challenges to interpreting blow fly evidence and suggest that forensic entomology practitioners should recognize these limitations in both research endeavors and applied casework.
Bayesian Analysis for the Zero-inflated Regression Models

We often encounter the situation that discrete count data have a large portion of zeros. In this case, it is not appropriate to analyze the data based on standard regression models such as the poisson or negative binomial regression models. In this article, we consider Bayesian analysis for two commonly used models. They are zero-inflated poisson and negative binomial regression models. We use the Bayes factor as a model selection tool and computation is proceeded via Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. Crash count data are analyzed to support theoretical results.
Berberine Overcomes Gemcitabine-Associated Chemoresistance through Regulation of Rap1/PI3K-Akt Signaling in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Gemcitabine (Gem)-based chemotherapy is one of the first-line treatments for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, its clinical effect is limited due to development of chemoresistance. Various naturally occurring compounds, including Berberine (BBR), provide an anti-cancer efficacy with time-tested safety, individually and in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs. Accordingly, we hypothesized that BBR might enhance the chemosensitivity to Gem in PDAC. In this study, cell culture studies using MIA PaCa-2 and BxPC-3 cells, followed by analysis in patient-derived organoids were performed to evaluate the anti-cancer effects of BBR in PDAC. Considering that cancer is a significant manifestation of increased chronic inflammatory stress, systems biology approaches are prudent for the identification of molecular pathways and networks responsible for phytochemical-induced anti-cancer activity, we used these approaches for BBR-mediated chemosensitization to Gem. Firstly, Gem-resistant (Gem-R) PDAC cells were established, and the combination of BBR and Gem revealed superior anti-cancer efficacy in Gem-R cells. Furthermore, the combination treatment induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in Gem-R PDAC cells. Transcriptomic profiling investigated the Rap1 and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway as a key regulator of Gem-resistance and was a key mediator for BBR-mediated chemosensitization in PDAC cells. All cell culture-based findings were successfully validated in patient-derived organoids. In conclusion, we demonstrate that BBR-mediated reversal of chemoresistance to Gem manifests through Rap1/PI3K-Akt signaling in PDAC.
The learning process of a coach: Preferences of coaches in the United States

The purpose of this study was to examine the educational methods coaches in the United States use to obtain coaching knowledge (CK) and develop a coaching philosophy (CP). Thirteen methods in learning how to coach were identified from the coaching education literature and used to develop an online survey instrument to examine the methods coaches most frequently use in obtaining CK and developing a CP. The results indicated that coaches (n = 1,082) in the United States preferred informal educational methods in acquiring CK and developing a CP. Additionally, 71.4 % of coaches in the study utilized informal discussion with other coaches multiple times throughout the year to acquire CK compared to 54.2% of coaches seeking to develop CP.
AN ULTRAVIOLET INVESTIGATION OF ACTIVITY ON EXOPLANET HOST STARS

Using the far-UV (FUV) and near-UV (NUV) photometry from the NASA Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX), we searched for evidence of increased stellar activity due to tidal and/or magnetic star–planet interactions (SPI) in the 272 known FGK planetary hosts observed by GALEX. With the increased sensitivity of GALEX, we are able probe systems with lower activity levels and at larger distances than what has been done to date with X-ray satellites. We compared samples of stars with close-in planets (a < 0.1 AU) to those with far-out planets (a > 0.5 AU) and looked for correlations of excess activity with other system parameters. This statistical investigation found no clear correlations with a, Mp, or Mp/a, in contrast to some X-ray and Ca ii studies. However, there is tentative evidence (at a level of 1.8σ) that stars with radial-velocity-(RV)-detected close-in planets are more FUV-active than stars with far-out planets, in agreement with several published X-ray and Ca ii results. The case is strengthened to a level of significance to 2. 3σ when transit-detected close-in planets are included. This is most likely because the RV-selected sample of stars is significantly less active than the field population of comparable stars, while the transit-selected sample is similarly active. Given the factor of 2–3 scatter in fractional FUV luminosity for a given stellar effective temperature, it is necessary to conduct a time-resolved study of the planet hosts in order to better characterize their UV variability and generate a firmer statistical result.
Chemical modelling of water deuteration in IRAS16293-2422

IRAS 16293-2422 is a well studied low-mass protostar characterized by a strong level of deuterium fractionation. In the line of sight of the protostellar envelope, an additional absorption layer, rich in singly and doubly deuterated water has been discovered by a detailed multiline analysis of HDO. To model the chemistry in this source, the gas-grain chemical code Nautilus has been used with an extended deuterium network. For the protostellar envelope, we solve the chemical reaction network in infalling fluid parcels in a protostellar core model. For the foreground cloud, we explored several physical conditions (density, cosmic ionization rate, C/O ratio). The main results of the paper are that gas-phase abundances of H2O, HDO and D2O observed in the inner regions of IRAS16293-2422 are lower than those predicted by a 1D dynamical/chemical (hot corino) model in which the ices are fully evaporated. The abundance in the outer part of the envelope present chaotic profiles due to adsorption/evaporation competition, very different from the constant abundance assumed for the analysis of the observations. We also found that the large abundances of gas-phase H2O, HDO and D2O observed in the absorption layer are more likely explained by exothermic surface reactions rather than photodesorption processes.
A Novel Fusion Approach to Detect Brain Tumor Using Machine Learning for MRI Images

Medical Imaging challenges the recent researchers with variability of potential structures, positions and appearance strengths of various tumors present among the patients. The proposed work presents an effective brain tumor watershed segmentation technique created on 2D image followed by statistical feature extraction. Machine Learning models such as SVM, KNN, and XG boost were used to inspire the network design in order to extract tumor existence. The proposed segmentation algorithm has been tested and evaluated on original images that consist of an aggregate of 52 normal MRI volumes of distinctive patients with the presence of tumors or not signifying distinctive structures that obtains outcomes near to physical segmentation implementations. The novelty present in the proposed work classifies whether the tumor is present or not with an accuracy of approximately 98%.
Identification and Quantitation of the Volatile Compounds Responsible for the Aroma of Pawpaw (Asimina triloba)

The aim of this study was to perform an exhaustive analysis of the aroma active compounds in pawpaw fruit using gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) on capillary GC columns with a variety of extraction techniques such as solid phase microextraction (SPME) and solvent extraction. The volatile extracts were obtained using headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) for 30 min at two temperatures (23°C and 50°C), and by solvent extraction with dichloromethane. The extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O). The SPME extraction at 50°C caused an increase in the levels of Strecker aldehydes (3-methyl butanal, methional, and phenylacetaldehyde). To eliminate potential artifacts, the study focused on SPME at 23°C and solvent extraction as the methods for characterization of the odor-active compounds in pawpaw. Forty-four odor active compounds were detected in the pawpaw fruit, including fifteen compounds that were identified in pawpaw for the first time. Some of the newly reported compounds, with high flavor dilution values include homofuraneol, eugenol, vanillin, acetaldehyde, diacetyl, gamma-octalactone and delta-octalactone. These high intensity odor active compounds, in combination with the many esters, contribute to give the sweet, creamy, mango, pineapple and banana-like character used to describe the flavor of pawpaw fruit. In addition, quantitation of these compounds was achieved in this study. These results provide new understanding into the volatile compounds responsible for the aroma of pawpaw fruit.
A CMOS-Compatible Photonic Demodulator With Low-Power Consumption for Time-of-Flight Image Sensor

This article presents a CMOS-compatible low-power photonic demodulator for time-of-flight (ToF) CMOS image sensor. The proposed device called the junction-assisted photonic demodulator (JAPD) uses electric field applied through two guide electrodes to facilitate the collection of optically generated minority carriers but using a p-n junction to prevent direct majority carrier current. A prototype of the JAPD has been fabricated in a 0.18- $\mu \text{m}$ standard CMOS foundry process. Experimental results show that it can achieve a low-power consumption of 29 fW per pixel and a high modulation contrast (MC) of 98%. Through process optimization, it is shown that the optical window can be fully depleted during the demodulation process. In TCAD simulation, the frequency response can be significantly improved by ensuring full depletion of the optical window.
Distribution and conservation of vanilla crop wild relatives: the value of local community engagement for biodiversity research

Natural vanilla is a high-value crop with demand increasing globally. Crop wild relatives (CWR) represent valuable agrobiodiversity and are prioritized in the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. Vanilla species are naturally rare with historically infrequent botanical collections. Despite their importance as CWR, fewer than 10% of Vanilla species have been evaluated for the IUCN Red List. Colombia is a diversity center for Vanilla species, yet many remote regions are lacking detailed floristic characterization. We show that the participation of rural communities in scientific endeavor enhances capacity to register biodiversity. We report two Vanilla species in the under-explored region of the Serranía de las Quinchas in the mid–Magdalena River valley in Colombia, including the first report for Colombia of Vanilla karen-christianae. For this, and the second species, Vanilla dressleri, we present descriptions with photographic botanical illustrations, updated distribution maps, and preliminary conservation status assessment. Both species are of elevated conservation concern, categorized as Endangered – EN: B2a,b(ii,iii,iv,v) following IUCN criteria. Within Colombia, all recorded occurrences for both species fall outside protected areas. Vanilla crop wild relatives in Colombia have urgent conservation needs. The Serranía de las Quinchas is a priority for further botanical exploration for Vanilla, as well as other protected areas with appropriate habitat. In situ conservation should be complemented with ex situ actions. Community participation in biodiversity research is recommended in this and other remote regions as an integral step towards enhancing biodiversity research and community-based conservation.