Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Glioma Cell Interactions In Vitro and Studies of PDGF B Transcript Variants

Heller, S. 2000. Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Glioma Cell Interactions in vitro and Studies of PDGF B Transcript Variants. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Comprehensive summaries of Uppsala dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine 954. 70pp. Uppsala. ISBN: 91-554-4804-6 . Glioblastoma multiforme is a malignant brain tumor characterized byheterogeneity. Interactions between heterogeneous tumor cells aresupposed to affect the behavior of a whole tumor cell population. In thisthesis an in vitro model system of clonal glioma cell lines originating fromone glioblastoma tumor was used, and the behavior of cells in cocultureswas studied and compared the behavior of cells grown separately. The results indicate the presence of two types of interactions. In one,paracrine signals acted via extracellular media. This was associatedwith increased growth of the whole co-culture followed by a selectiveforce driving one clone to dominance. In the other type, the cell clonesgrew side by side without signs of paracrine signalling, in a balanceresulting in an increased terminal cell density. Further investigationsfocused on mechanisms of interactions in this combination. Two cell clones were chosen, a GFAP+ and a GFAP-, for furtherexperiments. With differential display PCR it was possible to investigatetheir specific gene expression patterns. Seventeen cDNA fragments weredifferentially expressed, among them two corresponded to knowntranscription factors, ATF3 and prox-1, one to a cytoskeletal protein,a-tropomyosin. The collection also contained eight ESTs (ExpressedSequence Tags) where the corresponding genes are unknown at present.Expression of the isolated sequences were also analyzed in a panel of 12different glioma cell lines and the results illustrate the complexity of geneexpression and of tumor heterogeneity. Genes, the expression levels of which were modulated in co-cultures and/or were cell density dependent,were also identified. PDGF B is suggested to play a role in sarcomas. The gene codes for anmRNA transcript with long UTRs, parts of which are deleted in thehomologous oncogene v-sis. The UTRs of PDGF B mRNAs in humansarcomas were investigated for deletions similar to v-sis that might resultin increased protein levels. A new transcript variant was identified,lacking a 149 base region in the 3'UTR, but its presence was notassociated with increased levels of protein. Alterations in the 5'UTR werefound more likely to be associated with increased protein levels.
Chemical suitability of groundwater for irrigation in Trimohoni and Sagardari union, Keshabpur Upazila, Jessore, Bangladesh

The paper intends to provide guidance to evaluate and identify a standard ground water chemistry data for irrigation in south western region of Bangladesh. During the course of hydrogeological studies in the study area, twenty water samples were collected from twenty different villages and chemically analyzed. The analytical results revealed that the water was slightly acidic to slightly alkaline (pH 6.68 - 7.32) and TDS values range from 565 to 1073 mg/l. The other parameters like sodium adsorption ratio, (SAR) (0.10 - 0.27), sodium percentage (3.22 - 7.13), residual sodium carbonate, (RSC) (3.2 - 5.33) and potential soil salinity, (PS) (less than 30) were below the desired limit suggesting the suitability for irrigation purpose. Considering SAR, permeability index and salinity hazard, all waters could be applied safely for irrigation without any hazard to crops. Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 27(2): 121-131, December-2014
The Effect of Stem Geometry in a Porous Bone Cement Mantle

INTRODUCTION Acrylic bone cement is a porous biomaterial with many applications within orthopaedics. It is primarily used in the fixation of artificial implants where it forms a mechanical bond between the implant and the surrounding tissue. Porosity arises in the cement due to trapped air and evaporation of the monomer during the mixing of the PMMA powder (which contains acrylic beads) with the monomer. Even without porosity, stress concentrations can arise due to protrusion of bone into the cement as well as the geometry of the hip implant. High stresses can occur in the cement close to the femoral stem, magnitudes of which are dependant of the cross-section of the stem and other design features [1]. The Theory of Critical Distances (TCD) is a collection of methods used to predict static and fatigue failure in materials containing stress concentrations. The Point Method (PM) is the method used in this study. A detailed description of the PM and the TCD in general can be found in a recently published book on the subject [2]. The PM states that each material has a critical distance (L/2) and a critical stress range (∆σo). For fatigue in bone cement, (at R=0.1, Nf=10 ) L/2 is 0.1mm and ∆σo is 25MPa [3]. Once the critical parameters are known, predictions are made by considering the stress at L/2 from any stress concentration within the material. If the stress at this critical distance reaches the critical stress of the material, fatigue failure is predicted to occur. The role of stress concentrations has been demonstrated in earlier work, where introduced stress concentrations in the form of notches and circular holes significantly reduced the fatigue strength of the material. This reduction in strength was predicted using the TCD [3]. The damaging effect of porosity, in the form of pore size and pore clustering was also demonstrated and this effect was once again predicted using the TCD [4][5]. This study aims at applying the TCD to a more realistic scenario, such as is found in vivo, examining the role of stress concentrations in the form of stem geometry and naturally occurring porosity.
Machine Translation Evaluation Resources and Methods: A Survey.

We introduce the Machine Translation (MT) evaluation survey that contains both manual and automatic evaluation methods. The traditional human evaluation criteria mainly include the intelligibility, fidelity, fluency, adequacy, comprehension, and informativeness. The advanced human assessments include task-oriented measures, post-editing, segment ranking, and extended criteriea, etc. We classify the automatic evaluation methods into two categories, including lexical similarity scenario and linguistic features application. The lexical similarity methods contain edit distance, precision, recall, F-measure, and word order. The linguistic features can be divided into syntactic features and semantic features respectively. The syntactic features include part of speech tag, phrase types and sentence structures, and the semantic features include named entity, synonyms, textual entailment, paraphrase, semantic roles, and language models. The deep learning models for evaluation are very newly proposed. Subsequently, we also introduce the evaluation methods for MT evaluation including different correlation scores, and the recent quality estimation (QE) tasks for MT. This paper differs from the existing works \cite{GALEprogram2009,EuroMatrixProject2007} from several aspects, by introducing some recent development of MT evaluation measures, the different classifications from manual to automatic evaluation measures, the introduction of recent QE tasks of MT, and the concise construction of the content. We hope this work will be helpful for MT researchers to easily pick up some metrics that are best suitable for their specific MT model development, and help MT evaluation researchers to get a general clue of how MT evaluation research developed. Furthermore, hopefully, this work can also shine some light on other evaluation tasks, except for translation, of NLP fields.
Multiscale modelling of cancer progression and treatment control : the role of intracellular heterogeneities in chemotherapy treatment

Cancer is a complex, multiscale process involving interactions at intracellular, intercellular and tissue scales that are in turn susceptible to microenvironmental changes. Each individual cancer cell within a cancer cell mass is unique, with its own internal cellular pathways and biochemical interactions. These interactions contribute to the functional changes at the cellular and tissue scale, creating a heterogenous cancer cell population. Anticancer drugs are effective in controlling cancer growth by inflicting damage to various target molecules and thereby triggering multiple cellular and intracellular pathways, leading to cell death or cell-cycle arrest. One of the major impediments in the chemotherapy treatment of cancer is drug resistance driven by multiple mechanisms, including multi-drug and cell-cycle mediated resistance to chemotherapy drugs. In this article, we discuss two hybrid multiscale modelling approaches, incorporating multiple interactions involved in the sub-cellular, cellular and microenvironmental levels to study the effects of cell-cycle, phase-specific chemotherapy on the growth and progression of cancer cells.
Coalescence of nanometer silver islands on oxides grown by filtered cathodic arc deposition

Ultrathin silver films have been deposited on glass and oxide-coated glass using filtered cathodic arc deposition and, for comparison, magnetron sputtering. The energetic differences between these deposition methods lead to initially different film properties. Silver films made by cathodic arc deposition show an earlier onset of island coalescence, indicating a lower aspect ratio than islands produced by evaporation and sputtering. However, the as-deposited films are thermodynamically unstable, exhibiting changes on a timescale of minutes. While films of islands tend to increase their sheet resistance with time, the sheet resistance of contiguous films shows a decrease. Both effects can be explained by silver mobility driven to minimize film and interfacial energy.
TRANSMISSION OF PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS FROM CAREGIVERS TO CHILDREN

SUMMARY: Periodontal diseases are socially significant diseases, which occur in adults but in children and adolescents as well. Despite a low prevalence of aggressive periodontitis at a young age, its severity is a challenge for pediatric dentistry. The goal of this study is to find if the prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis among children whose parents suffer from periodontal diseases is greater than among children with healthy parents. Methods: · Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). · Culture method. When PCR was used P.gingivalis was found in 35.5% of parents with periodontitis and in 6,5% of their children, children with healthy parents and their parents. No statistically significant relation (P>0.05) between periodontal parents and their children was found. When culture method was used P.gingivalis was not detected. Studying such correlations and standardizing methods of detection could contribute the evaluation of periodontal disease risk in adolescents.
New Suppressor Mutation surOB of spoOB d spoOF Mutations in

Two extragenic suppressor mutations, surOB20 and swQF1, which restore the sporulation of spoOB or spool: mutants of Bucdlus subtilis to the wild-type level, were obtained. These suppressor mutations were located in the spoOA gene. Their location is close to that of the sop1 mutation, which suppresses s@B, s@E and spoOF mutations. However, Spoo strains bearing the surOB20 mutation differed in several phenotypic characteristics from spo0 mutants bearing the sof-1 suppressor. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the mrOB20 and StltOFl mutations resulted in G1ul4 to Val and Asn, to Lys conversion, respectively, in the spdlA gene. This result indicates that surOB20 is a new suppressor of spoOB and spoOF mutations, whereas sudFl is identical to sof-1.
Investigating the Relationship between the Social and Economic-Financial Performance

Hundreds of studies have explored and measured financial returns related to social performance (Margolis and Walsh, 2003), with controversial results. In addition to these studiesi¯ outcomes, we found, in this body of literature, a lot of innovation in the integration and adaptation of financial analysis tools and models to the study of statistical relationships. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between corporate social performance and corporate financial (and economic) performance, using multiple measures of financial and social performance and by looking statistically at the movement of actual financial and social performance over time. We emphasize the worth of statistical analysis in traditional financial representations. Our findings show how ratio analysis and statistical cause-and-effect validation are not alternatives for developing the financial analysis of sustainability and reporting. We show, through constant testing and a double learning process, the critical relationship between the key factors of financial, economic and social performance.
PLACE PRIORITIZATION FOR BIODIVERSITY REPRESENTATION USING SPECIES' ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODELING

Place prioritization for biodiversity representation is essential for conservation planning, particularly in megadiverse countries where high deforestation threatens biodiversity. Given the collecting biases and uneven sampling of biological inventories, there is a need to develop robust models of species' distributions. By modeling species' ecological niches using point occurrence data and digitized environmental feature maps, we can predict potential and extant distributions of species in untransformed landscapes, as well as in those transformed by vegetation change (including deforestation). Such distributional predictions provide a framework for use of species as biodiversity surrogates in place prioritization procedures such as those based on rarity and complementarity. Beyond biodiversity conservation, these predictions can also be used for place prioritization for ecological restoration under current conditions and under future scenarios of habitat change (e.g., deforestation) scenarios. To illustrate these points, we (1) predict distributions under current and future deforestation scenarios for the Mexican endemic mammal Dipodomys phillipsii, and show how areas for restoration may be selected; and (2) propose conservation areas by combining nonvolant mammal distributional predictions as biodiversity surrogates with place prioritization procedures, to connect decreed natural protected areas in a region holding exceptional biodiversity: the Transvolcanic Belt in central Mexico.
On the stable module category of a self-injective algebra

Let A be a finite-dimensional self-injective algebra. We study the dimensions of spaces of stable homomorphisms between indecomposable Amodules which belong to Auslander-Reiten components of the form ZA" or ZAo / (rk). The results are applied to representations of finite groups over fields of prime characteristic, especially blocks of wild representation type. We are interested in homological properties of modules for self-injective algebras. An important invariant of a finite-dimensional algebra is its stable Auslander-Reiten quiver; and during the past years, it has played a crucial role for classification problems of self-injective algebras of finite or tame representation type. We call a stable component quasi-serial, if it is of the form ZAoo or ZAoo/(rk). If A is any tame algebra, then most of its Auslander-Reiten components are homogeneous tubes, by [CB], hence are quasi-serial. Moreover, it seems that for self-injective algebras of wild type most components of the stable Auslander-Reiten quiver are quasi-serial. For a block of a group algebra which is of wild representation type, all components are of this form (see [E2]). Therefore, it is important to understand homological properties of quasi-serial components. If A is a finite-dimensional self-injective algebra and X, Y are A-modules, then we denote the stable homomorphisms from X to Y by Hom(X, Y). Following the terminology in [RI], if M is a module in a quasi-serial stable component C, then the quasi-length of M is the number of the row to which M belongs. The module M is quasi-simple if it has quasi-length one, that is, if it lies at the end of the component. The first two chapters contain basic facts on dimensions of spaces of stable homomorphisms; this is intended to provide tools which may be of more general use. In Chapter 3 we prove the following general results. Suppose f is an equivalence of the stable module category of A, consider stable homomorphisms Hom(M, fM) for modules M in a quasi-serial component C. We prove that the dimension of Hom(M, fM) is weakly increasing as a function of the quasi-length of M, except possibly when TQ-1 f T on C (see 3.3). Moreover, we study the cases when f = IS and f = QS in more detail. We show that if C is a tube, then the dimensions of Hom(M, rSM) for M e C are unbounded (3.5). In general, if C is a component of the form ZA,, which is not fixed by Q and the dimensions of Hom(M, TsM) are bounded, then Hom(X, r-mX) 0 Received by the editors June 4, 1996 and, in revised form, October 2, 1997. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 18G25; Secondary 16G70, 20C20.
Inspiration from the incomplete : the role of asynchronous awareness in digital art creation

The majority of visitors to sites on the World Wide Web (WWW) have traditionally been only passive observers; consumers of previously created content. More recently, however, these users have been encouraged to contribute to these sites, opening the door to new forms of creative self expression. As we enter this new era of widespread collaboration and sharing made possible by the WWW, one question that remains is how to build appropriate communication channels to and from this new medium with respect to the tools used for digitally mediated creative expression. In this thesis, I will attempt to formulate a coherent set of characteristics that both creative programming environments and their associated WWW sites must possess to help improve, inspire, and support the work of creative individuals using these systems, which I will refer to as architectures for web-based collectivity. Inspiration From the Incomplete: The Role of Asynchronous Awareness in Digital Art Creation.
Model-Predictive Motion Planning

1070-9932/14/$31.00©2014IEEE 64 Date of publication: 12 February 2014 necessary attribute of a mobile robot planning algorithm is the ability to accurately predict the consequences of robot actions to make informed decisions about where and how to drive. It is also important that such methods are efficient, as onboard computational resources are typically limited and fast planning rates are often required. In this article, we present several practical mobile robot motion planning algorithms for local and global search, developed with a common underlying trajectory generation framework for use in model-predictive control. These techniques all center on the idea of generating informed, feasible graphs at scales and resolutions that respect computational and temporal constraints of the application. Connectivity in these graphs is provided by a trajectory generator that searches in a parameterized space of robot inputs subject to an arbitrary predictive motion model. Local search graphs connect the currently observed state-to-states at or near the planning or perception horizon. Global search graphs repeatedly expand a precomputed trajectory library in a uniformly distributed state lattice to form a recombinant search space that respects differential constraints. In this article, we discuss the trajectory generation algorithm, methods for online or offline calibration of predictive motion models, sampling strategies for local search graphs that exploit global guidance and environmental information for real-time obstacle avoidance and navigation, and methods for efficient design of global search graphs with attention to optimality, feasibility, and computational complexity of heuristic search. The model-invariant nature of our approach to local and global motions planning has enabled a rapid and successful application of these techniques to a variety of platforms. Throughout the article, we also review experiments performed on planetary rovers, field robots, mobile manipulators, and autonomous automobiles and discuss future directions of the article.
Attack of the flying snakes: formation of isolated H i clouds by fragmentation of long streams

The existence of long (>100 kpc) H I streams and small ( 100 km s−1), similar to observed clouds which are otherwise intriguing dark galaxy candidates. We find that producing such features is possible but extremely unlikely, occurring no more than 0.2% of the time in our simulations. In contrast, we find that genuine dark galaxies could be extremely stable to harassment and remain detectable even after 5 Gyr in the cluster environment (with the important caveat that our simulations only explore harassment and do not yet include the intracluster medium, heating and cooling, or star formation). We also discuss the possibility that such objects could be the progenitors of recently discovered ultra diffuse galaxies.
Rational Ignorance is not Bliss: When do Lazy Voters Learn from Decentralised Policy Experiments?

Summary A popular argument about economic policy under uncertainty states that decentralisation offers the possibility to learn from local or regional policy experiments. Often, an analogy between market competition as a discovery procedure and political competition is used to corroborate this argument. We argue that political learning processes are not trivial and do not occur frictionlessly: Voters have an inherent tendency to retain a given stock of policy-related knowledge which was costly to accumulate, so that yardstick competition is improbable to function well particularly for complex issues, if representatives’ actions are tightly controlled by the electorate.We show that factor mobility does have the potential to endogenously disturb equilibria on regional markets for political theories, and therefore does provide for improved political learning processes compared to unitary systems. But the results we can expect are far from the ideal mechanisms of producing and utilising knowledge often described in the literature. In particular, collective learning may occur in the relatively efficient region, while the status quo may be fortified in the relatively inefficient region.
Modeling and Prediction of Future Urban Growth in the Charleston Region of South Carolina: a GIS-based Integrated Approach

The complexity of urban systems makes it difficult to adequately address their changes using a model based on a single approach. In this research, we developed a GIS-based integrated approach to modeling and prediction of urban growth in terms of land use change. The model was built upon a binomial logistic framework, coupled with a rule-based suitability module and focus group involvement, and is designed to predict land transition probabilities and simulate urban growth under different scenarios. The model was calibrated in the Charleston region of South Carolina through a GIS-facilitated participatory process involving both statistical assessment and human evaluation. The model achieved high overall success rates, although its predictive power varied spatially and temporally with different types of land use. The model was used to predict future urban growth in the region through the year 2030.