Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AERODYNAMIC DESIGN OF SOLAR ENERGY CARS FOR AUSTRALIAN AND CHILEAN RACE COMPETITIONS

This paper presents the aerodynamic design of three and four wheeled solar cars that had the leading positions in Atacama Solar Race, Chile in 2012, 2013 and 2014 and in the World Solar Challenge, Australia, 2013. Fluid mechanics governing equations for air turbulent flow around the cars were solved with pertinent RANS turbulent models by using the Finite Volume Method. The sequence of the development of three solar cars, IK1 and IK2 with three wheels and the four wheeled IK3 is described with details of the design in a virtual air tunnel. Data of solar energy irradiation, wind magnitude and direction and air temperature in Chilean and Australian races are used in the design process. The energy consumption of each car model is predicted for the 3,000 km race in Australia. The sequential calculation procedure based on numerical simulation of the turbulent air flow around each solar car prototype at 90 km/hr allowed a reduction of 3% in the frontal area and of 13% in the drag coefficient from IK1 to IK2 three wheeled cars and a reduction of 22% in the front area and 41% in the drag coefficient from IK2 to IK3 with four wheels. Major solar energy consumption at 90 km/hr is due to drag forces, accounting to 85%, followed by rolling forces (13.5%).
The Relationship between Teachers ’ Perception of School Principals ’ Instructional Leadership and Organisational Commitment Level 1

The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between teachers ’ perception of school principals ’ instructional leadership and organizational commitment level. Correlative investigation model was adopted in the research. Study group of this research is composed of 329 voluntary teachers. “ The instructional leadership behaviors of school principals ’ scale ” and “ The organisational commitment scale ” were used to collect data. Descriptive and probative statistical techniques were used. In the results of the research; it is found that determination and sharing school purposes by school principals were at the highest, teacher support and development were at the lowest level according to the views of teachers. The views of teachers concerning school principals ’ instructional leadership behaviors showed significant differences in all dimensions according to age factor, working period in the same school showed significant differences in all dimensions except for determination and sharing of school purposes dimension. Teachers showed affective commitment at the highest and normative commitment at the lowest level. Teachers ’ views concerning school commitment showed significant differences in affective commitment dimension according to gender and educational situation; affective and normative dimensions according to age and working period in school factors. It was found out that there were positive and medium level significant correlations in all dimensions of School Principals ’ instructional leadership behaviors and teachers ’ affective and normative commitment. Perception of teachers concerning school principals ’ instructional leadership behavior is high in all dimensions; their school commitment is good in the affective commitment and this perception is medium in the other dimensions. There were medium level and positive correlation between normative commitment and affective commitment with perception of teachers concerning school principals ’ instructional leadership behavior. The causes of the low commitment levels of the teachers should be examined by a qualitative research to push teachers ’ organizational commitment to higher level. Causative comparative research can be done to clarify the effect of the instructional leadership to the teachers ’ commitments.
Outer Bounds for Multiuser Settings: The Auxiliary Receiver Approach

This paper employs auxiliary receivers as a mathematical tool to identify Gallager-type auxiliary random variables and write outer bounds for some basic multiuser settings. This approach is then applied to the relay, interference, and broadcast channel settings, yielding new outer bounds that improve on existing outer bounds and strictly outperform classical outer bounds. For instance, we strictly improve on: the cutset outer bound for the scalar Gaussian relay channel, the outer bounds for the Gaussian Z-interference channel, and the outer bounds for the two receiver broadcast channel.
Speculative Probing: Hacking Blind in the Spectre Era

To defeat ASLR or more advanced fine-grained and leakage-resistant code randomization schemes, modern software exploits rely on information disclosure to locate gadgets inside the victim's code. In the absence of such info-leak vulnerabilities, attackers can still hack blind and derandomize the address space by repeatedly probing the victim's memory while observing crash side effects, but doing so is only feasible for crash-resistant programs. However, high-value targets such as the Linux kernel are not crash-resistant. Moreover, the anomalously large number of crashes is often easily detectable. In this paper, we show that the Spectre era enables an attacker armed with a single memory corruption vulnerability to hack blind without triggering any crashes. Using speculative execution for crash suppression allows the elevation of basic memory write vulnerabilities into powerful speculative probing primitives that leak through microarchitectural side effects. Such primitives can repeatedly probe victim memory and break strong randomization schemes without crashes and bypass all deployed mitigations against Spectre-like attacks. The key idea behind speculative probing is to break Spectre mitigations using memory corruption and resurrect Spectre-style disclosure primitives to mount practical blind software exploits. To showcase speculative probing, we target the Linux kernel, a crash-sensitive victim that has so far been out of reach of blind attacks, mount end-to-end exploits that compromise the system with just-in-time code reuse and data-only attacks from a single memory write vulnerability, and bypass strong Spectre and strong randomization defenses. Our results show that it is crucial to consider synergies between different (Spectre vs. code reuse) threat models to fully comprehend the attack surface of modern systems.
EFFECT OF TA’AWUN ON MANAGEMENT STICKINESS OF ADMINISTRATIVE ZAKAT INSTITUTIONS

Zakat institutions are special administrative entities strictly under state law regulations. The basic formation entity embedded management stickiness. Economic phenomenon of stickiness hampered efficiency and productivity of organizations. Management orientation, key stakeholders political actions, and inflexible organisational design contribute to severe management stickiness. This is added with political organizational actions create stickiness phenomenon. Ta’awun enhances teamwork spirituality and religiosity to address management stickiness. This study postulates that the influence of ta’awun reduces stickiness in managing zakat institutions with efficiency and productivity. This study obtains the opinions of residential association leaders through personal interview on the influence of ta’awun in addressing stickiness in zakat institutions. The results of the study suggest that there has been adhoc ta’awun between the community and zakat institutions on seasonal and activism basis.
The Integer Quantum Hall Effect

The integer quantum Hall effect concerns the transport properties of a 2-dimensional electron system in the presence of a magnetic field. We analyze the theoretical underpinnings of this effect, emphasizing in particular the role of disorder and topological considerations. We proceed to review the classic experiment of von Klitzing et al. [1], which provided the earliest experimental confirmation of exact quantization of Hall conductivity. Finally, we discuss metrological applications of the quantum Hall phenomenon.
Legitimacy and the US-led Invasion of Iraq

Lacking explicit UN Security Council authorisation, US-led coalition forces invaded Iraq in March 2003 “with the proclaimed objective of locating and disarming suspected Iraqi weapons of mass destruction” (Sheehan, 2014: 222). Notably, the events leading up to the US-led invasion can be most accurately portrayed as “a contest over legitimacy” (Fawn, 2006: 15). With widespread assertions that the invasion had also produced a “crisis of legitimacy” for the UN Security Council (Morris and Wheeler, 2007: 214) and the United States administration itself (Reus-Smit, 2007: 164), this episode clearly presents an intriguing case for the study of legitimacy. On this basis, this essay will argue that the ideational structure of legitimacy did in fact exert a degree of, albeit indirect, influence over the United States’ behaviour prior to and during its invasion of Iraq. Whilst the United States’ (henceforth US) overwhelming material power was not totally constrained by international society’s structures of legitimate norms, the forces of legitimacy at the very least ‘nudged’ the US in particular directions. In order to argue this case, this essay will firstly define the concept of legitimacy, coupled with an appreciation of the evident fact that legitimacy did not absolutely constrain the US. Next, this essay will assess the relative ‘compliance pull’ exerted by the UN Security Council, as a legitimate international institution, upon the US’ behaviour. Following this, this essay will examine the significance of the ‘legitimisation strategy’ of legal justification employed by the US administration. This essay will then proceed to argue that, even as a ‘norm entrepreneur’ seeking to legitimise the norm of ‘regime change’, the US was still compelled to justify its actions according to a moral source of legitimacy. Next, this essay will examine the impact of legitimacy upon the US decision to seek the backing of a ‘democratic coalition of the willing’ for its invasion. Finally, this essay will argue that, whilst the existence of legitimate norms did not ultimately constrain the US from invading Iraq, its failure to secure legitimacy for its actions nevertheless imposed significant costs upon the US.
Interactive comment on “ Groundwater storage dynamics in the world ’ s large aquifer systems from GRACE : uncertainty and role of extreme precipitation ” by

8 Under variable and changing climates groundwater storage sustains vital ecosystems and 9 enables freshwater withdrawals globally for agriculture, drinking-water, and industry. Here, 10 we assess recent changes in groundwater storage (ΔGWS) from 2002 to 2016 in 37 of the 11 world’s large aquifer systems using an ensemble of datasets from the Gravity Recovery and 12 Climate Experiment (GRACE) and Land Surface Models (LSMs). Ensemble GRACE13 derived ΔGWS is well reconciled to in-situ observations (r = 0.62–0.86, p value <0.001) for 14 two tropical basins with regional piezometric networks and contrasting climate regimes. 15 Trends in GRACE-derived ΔGWS are overwhelmingly non-linear; indeed, linear declining 16 trends adequately (R2 >0.5, p value <0.001) explain variability in only two aquifer systems. 17 Non-linearity in ΔGWS derives, in part, from the episodic nature of groundwater 18 replenishment associated with extreme annual (>90th percentile, 1901–2016) precipitation 19 and is inconsistent with prevailing narratives of global-scale groundwater depletion at the 20 scale of GRACE footprint (~200,000 km2). Substantial uncertainty remains in estimates of 21 GRACE-derived ΔGWS, evident from 20 realisations presented here, but these data provide a 22 regional context to changes in groundwater storage observed more locally through 23 piezometry. 24 Commented [RT1]: Addresses R1#1 and R1#3a.
First Results from Tests of High Temperature Superconductor Magnets on Tokamak

Since the discovery of high temperature superconductors (HTS) it has long been known that they could have an important role to play in the future of tokamak fusion research. Here we report on first results of the use of HTS in a tokamak magnet and on the progress in design and construction of the first fully-HTS tokamak.
Thermo-Structural Analysis of Carbon Fibre-Ni Based Super Alloy Composite Employed in Gas Turbines

A computational analysis was carried out on two different materials of turbine blades, namely Inconel MA754 and Nimonic 80A, in order to determine their structural and thermal properties at elevated temperatures. Long carbon fibers of uniform length were used and deposited at varying thicknesses ranging from 1 mm to 4 mm, on the top surface of turbine blades and then analyzed for its performance. It is seen that the carbon fibers (IM10) embedded in the super alloys drastically improve the load bearing parameters of the configurations being analyzed. The improvement in structural load carrying ability is a result of higher Young's modulus primarily. Subsequent analysis with higher volume fraction of the fibers indicated saturation of performance at about 70% volume fraction for 4 mm fibers and significant improvement beyond it for the 1 mm fibers. With improvement in the load bearing characteristics the blade with fibers embedded into a tube like structure at 3 sections were configured and A thermal analysis of the same underscores the effectiveness of the 4 mm fibers in undergoing much reduced principal strains than other configurations. This is seen to be a result of insulation of the top surface from increase in temperature, which significantly reduces the thermal expansion, especially at the free end. This is in contrast to other configurations, where the low volume fraction of fibers resulted in high principal strain.
Study protocol: A profile of physical performance variables in an outpatient adult population with narcolepsy

Background : Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterised by excessive daytime sleepiness and significantly impacts quality of life. People with narcolepsy demonstrate many potential barriers to being physically fit and active, such as sleepiness and social isolation. Very little is known about how physical performance variables may be affected in people with narcolepsy. This study aims to profile the physical fitness of adults with narcolepsy and to explore the relationship between physical fitness and quality of life, symptom severity and disease duration in this cohort. Methods and Analysis : In this cross-sectional observational study, participants will undergo a comprehensive physical performance test battery that will investigate cardiopulmonary fitness, objective measures of physical activity, muscle strength and endurance. Furthermore, quality of life, symptom severity and physical activity will be ascertained through self-report questionnaires. The study population will consist of adults with narcolepsy aged 18-65 years attending the National Narcolepsy Centre located in St. James’s Hospital as an outpatient. Ethics and Dissemination: Ethical approval has been obtained from the St. James’s Hospital and Tallaght University Hospital Research Ethics Committee, and this study is presently underway. The results obtained from this study will be used to help tailor exercise and possible rehabilitation strategies for this population. Dissemination will be sought through peer-reviewed journals, national and international conferences, and through engagement with service user groups. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04419792 ; registered on 5 June 2020.
CARTESIAN PRODUCT OF INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY PMS-IDEALS OF PMS-ALGEBRAS

In this paper, the notion of intuitionistic fuzzy PMS-ideal of PMSalgebras is introduced. Also, the notions of an intuitionistic fuzzy translation and intuitionistic fuzzy multiplications of PMS-algebras are introduced. Furthermore, Cartesian product of intuitionistic fuzzy PMS-ideals of PMSalgebras is introduced and investigated several properties. Finally, the Cartesian product of intuitionistic fuzzy translation and multiplication are introduced.
Inhibition effects and mechanisms of the endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum L18 from Curcuma wenyujin

Fungal endophytes are microorganisms that colonize living,internal tissues of plants without causing any immediate,overtly negative effects.Many fungal endophytes produce secondary metabolites and some of these compounds exhibit antifungal and antibacterial activity that strongly inhibits the growth of other microorganisms.Antimicrobial strains are widely distributed among endophytic fungi and do not cause any obvious symptoms on host plants.Infected hosts usually grow quickly,have strong resistance to adverse conditions and diseases,and are immune to herbivory in comparison with uninfected plants.Endophyte-infected plants thus have competitive advantage.Endophytes act as biological control agents by inhibiting pathogen growth by the production of antibiotics,hydrolases,plant growth regulators and alkaloids.They also compete with pathogens for nutrition,enhancing resistance of host plants to diseases and inducing systemic resistance.Endophytic fungi are therefore biological control agents with great potential for applied use. We investigated the antimicrobial properties of an endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum L18 from a traditional Chinese medicinal plant Curcuma wenyujin Y.H. Chen et C.Ling(Zingiberaceae),on several conventional plant pathogens,using in vitro culturing methods.We thus present a preliminary discussion of the antimicrobial spectrum and antagonistic mechanisms of Chaetomium globosum L18.This fungus had different inhibitory actions on plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria,and wide-ranging inhibitory effects.There was significant difference(P0.05) on inhibition of different plant pathogenic bacteria;and the inhibition rate was up to 92.9%. Our inhibition experiment showed that competition and mycoparasitism were the main antagonistic mechanisms.When two strains intersected with pathogenic fungi on co-culturing plates,plant pathogens were surrounded,and the margins of colonies gradually collapsed and shriveled.The pathogens stopped growing and began to die;and Chaetomium globosum L18 colonized the nutritious space.Chaetomium globosum L18 parasitized pathogens by parallel intergrowth,intertwining,and even penetrating their mycelia.Our fermented product test showed that Chaetomium globosum L18 was able to strongly inhibit mycelial growth and spore germination.Its presence resulted in mycelia that were twisted and inflated,with increased abnormal branching,broken mycelial walls,and cell contents released.Spores were reduced in number and deformed;germination rate and germination tube length were decreased.
Nomogram for Predicting COVID-19 Disease Progression Based on Single-Center Data: Observational Study and Model Development

Background In late December 2019, a pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 was first reported in Wuhan and spread worldwide rapidly. Currently, no specific medicine is available to treat infection with COVID-19. Objective The aims of this study were to summarize the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 175 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who were hospitalized in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 1 to January 31, 2020, and to establish a tool to identify potential critical patients with COVID-19 and help clinical physicians prevent progression of this disease. Methods In this retrospective study, clinical characteristics of 175 confirmed COVID-19 cases were collected and analyzed. Univariate analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression were used to select variables. Multivariate analysis was applied to identify independent risk factors in COVID-19 progression. We established a nomogram to evaluate the probability of progression of the condition of a patient with COVID-19 to severe within three weeks of disease onset. The nomogram was verified using calibration curves and receiver operating characteristic curves. Results A total of 18 variables were considered to be risk factors after the univariate regression analysis of the laboratory parameters (P<.05), and LASSO regression analysis screened out 10 risk factors for further study. The six independent risk factors revealed by multivariate Cox regression were age (OR 1.035, 95% CI 1.017-1.054; P<.001), CK level (OR 1.002, 95% CI 1.0003-1.0039; P=.02), CD4 count (OR 0.995, 95% CI 0.992-0.998; P=.002), CD8 % (OR 1.007, 95% CI 1.004-1.012, P<.001), CD8 count (OR 0.881, 95% CI 0.835-0.931; P<.001), and C3 count (OR 6.93, 95% CI 1.945-24.691; P=.003). The areas under the curve of the prediction model for 0.5-week, 1-week, 2-week and 3-week nonsevere probability were 0.721, 0.742, 0.87, and 0.832, respectively. The calibration curves showed that the model had good prediction ability within three weeks of disease onset. Conclusions This study presents a predictive nomogram of critical patients with COVID-19 based on LASSO and Cox regression analysis. Clinical use of the nomogram may enable timely detection of potential critical patients with COVID-19 and instruct clinicians to administer early intervention to these patients to prevent the disease from worsening.
In Search of the Climate Change Filter Bubble : A Content-based Method for Studying Ideological Segregation in Google

: A popular belief is that the process whereby search engines tailor their search results to individual users, so-called personalization, leads to filter bubbles in the sense of ideologically segregated search results that would tend to reinforce the user’s prior view (filter bubble hypothesis). Since filter bubbles are thought to be detrimental to society, there have been calls for further legal regulation of search engines beyond the so-called Right to be Forgotten Act (EU, C-131/12, 2014). However, the scientific evidence for the filter bubble hypothesis is surprisingly limited. Previous studies of personalization have focused on the extent to which different users get different results lists without taking the content on the webpages into account. Such methods are unsuitable for detecting filter bubbles as such. In this paper, we propose a methodology that takes content differences between webpages into account. In particular, the method involves studying the extent to which users with strong opposing views on an issue receive search results that are correlated content-wise with their personal view. Will users of with strong prior opinion that X is true on average have a larger share of (top) search results that are in favor of X than users with a strong prior opinion that X is false? We illustrate our methodology at work, but also the non-trivial challenges it faces, by a small-scale study of the extent to which Google Search leads to ideological segregation on the issue of man-made climate change.