Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Modeling of Fog in the Mexico Basin

The character of fog in a region centered at Mexico City International Airport was investigated using 10 years of historical data. Hourly surface observations, synoptic charts, satellite images and twice-a-day radiosondes were used to identify fog events under the influence of various synoptic and mesoscale features. A quantitative assessment on the likelihood of which mechanisms lead to fog formation was obtained. Also, three fog events (radiation, advection and frontal) were simulated with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, and the results were compared to observations. The study included a comparison of the skills of different planetary boundary layer (PBL) and microphysical schemes. A sort of generalization cannot easily be applied, but allows one to determine which parameterizations performed better for each case in a high, tropical region. In general, from the model results for liquid water content, the cloud microphysics WSM3 and PBL Yonsei University schemes reproduced advection and frontal fog events quite well, whereas CAM 5.1 and Quasi-Normal Scale Elimination schemes worked better for radiation fog episodes.
Linking tree-ring and sediment-charcoal records to reconstruct fire occurrence and area burned in subalpine forests of Yellowstone National Park, USA

Reconstructing specific fire-history metrics with charcoal records has been difficult, in part because calibration data sets are rare. We calibrated charcoal accumulation in sediments from three medium (14—19 ha) and one large (4250 ha) lake with a 300 yr tree-ring-based fire-history reconstruction from central Yellowstone National Park (YNP) to reconstruct local fire occurrence and area burned within a 128 840 ha study area. Charcoal peaks most accurately reflected fires within 1.2—3.0 km of coring sites, whereas total charcoal accumulation correlated best with area burned within 6.0—51 km (r 2=0.22—0.62, p<0.05). To reconstruct area burned for the entire study area, we developed a statistical model based on a composite charcoal record. The model explained 64—79% of the variability in area burned from AD 1675 to 1960 and was robust to cross-validation. Reconstructed area burned from AD 1240—1975 was significantly higher during periods including extreme annual drought ( p=0.05), and area burned varied significantly at ~ 60 yr timescales ( p<0.05), similar to the variability in an independent precipitation reconstruction covering the same period. Widespread burning (>10 000 ha) occurred at 150—300 yr intervals, and at the site level, fire probability increased with stand age (composite Weibull c parameter = 1.61 [95% CI 1.36—2.54]), both suggesting that post-fire stand development played an important intermediary role between climate and fire by increasing fuel abundance and probability of fire spread. Our study illustrates the possibility of reconstructing area burned with multiple charcoal records, and results imply that future fire regimes in YNP will be governed by direct impacts of altered moisture regimes and by vegetation dynamics affecting the abundance and continuity of fuels.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & LIFE SCIENCES (Int. J. of Pharm. Life Sci.) Bioremediation of Soils Contaminated with Hydro Carbon (Oil Spillage) in Nigeria

The aim of the study was to determine the rate at which bioremediation of hydrocarbon occurs in a polluted soil medium and also to examined the effects of organic substrate such as cow dung on the bioremediation processes. A pot experiment (CRD) was conducted for four weeks on two group bases, group1 contained the polluted soil and group 2 contained polluted soil amended with organic substrate (cow dung). In the group 1 experiment, the nitrate concentration of 8.4 mg/g at zero day of the experiment to 6.24mg/g at week 4, phosphate concentration decreased from 5.2mg/g to 4.4mg/g, TOC reduced from 3.9% to 2.28%, pH reduced from 7.8 to 7.5 and the total petroleum hydrocarbon reduced from 0% to 18% to 22% to 29% and 29% at week zero, week 1, week 2, week 3 and week 4 respectively. Group 2 experiment, the pH increased from 6.8 to a neutral range of 7.1 at week 4, the nitrate concentration, phosphate concentration and TOC reduced drastically from week zero to week four at 14.72mg/g to 4.2mg/g, 10.81mg/g to 2.42mg/g, and 6.44% to 1.28% respectively. The TPH in the group 2 experiment shows a lost in TPH of 32%, 68%, 89% and 98% at week 1, week 2, week 3 and week 4 respectively. The study showed that a natural bioremediation process occurs in the soil and that the bioremediation process could be further enhanced by amending the polluted soil with organic substrates such as cow dung.
Effect of phonon coupling on the cooperative two-photon emission from two quantum dots

We predict dominating cooperative two-photon emission from two quantum dots coupled with a single mode photonic crystal cavity. The cooperative two photon emission occurs when excitons in two off-resonantly coupled quantum dots decay simultaneously. The interaction with common cavity field leads to cavity induced two-photon emission which is strongly inhibited by electron phonon coupling. The interaction with common phonon bath produces phonon induced two-photon emission which increases on increasing temperature. For identical quantum dots cavity induced two-photon emission is negligible but phonon induced two-photon emission could be large.
Symmetry analysis of and first integrals for the continuum Heisenberg spin chain

Abstract Daniel et al. [6] analysed the singularity structure of the continuum limit of the one-dimensional anisotropic Heisenberg spin chain in a transverse field and determined the conditions under which the system is nonintegrable and exhibits chaos. We investigate the governing differential equations for symmetries and find the associated first integrals. Our results complement the results of Daniel et al.
Relationship Marketing in Tertiary Education: Empirical Study of Relationship Commitment and Student Loyalty in Hong Kong

This study attempts to investigate the applicability of relationship marketing concepts in the private tertiary education industry. With the rapid growth of tertiary education and new academic structure in Hong Kong, it is interesting to investigate the relationship between relationship commitment and student loyalty, and the key determinants of relationship commitment, in a leading private tertiary education institution in Hong Kong. Questionnaires were designed to collect data, and structural equation modeling approach was adopted to evaluate the explanatory power and casual links of the model. The results indicate that relationship commitment is a driver of student loyalty. Relationship benefits and trust are found to have positive influence on relationship commitment. Relationship termination costs and shared values are found to have non-significant roles in determining relationship commitment in private tertiary education environment, while shared value has a significant positive impact on trust. The research provides new insights to the management of private tertiary education providers in building relationship with students and resources allocation. The study discusses the implications of the findings and suggests areas for future research.
Study of the genetic diversity of the local cattle population in Tunisia by the AFLP method

The polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.31. The differentiation coefficient between populations (Gst) was 0.06. These results point toward that the main genetic variation was within the population (94%) and the remaining (6%) of the variation was among populations. The gene flow (Nm) was relatively high (7.56). These results show the dangerous situation in which native cattle are encountered.
University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository University of New Hampshire Scholars

[ 1 ] In this paper we present new results using Cluster/Research with Adaptive Particle Imaging Detectors (RAPID) energetic particle observations to remotely sound the high-latitude magnetopause in three dimensions. We demonstrate that energetic particle flux variations in the vicinity of the magnetopause (inside the magnetosphere) are mainly modulated by the absorbing magnetopause during quiet geomagnetic conditions. Less than two gyro radii from an absorbing boundary a trapped particle distribution becomes nongyrotropic, as particles start to encounter the boundary. Knowing the magnetic field and the particle mass and energy, the direction and distance to the magnetopause can be derived by examining the azimuthal distribution of locally mirroring particles. Combining observations from three nearby spacecraft gives a three-dimensional, local picture of the magnetopause surface. We exploit anisotropic ion distributions to determine magnetopause distances, orientations, and structures in the interval from 1320 to 1420 UT on 14 January 2001 for the three Cluster spacecraft (Rumba, Samba, and Tango) located on the duskside (at (cid:1) 1700 MLT) high-latitude region. The results clearly illustrate that the magnetopause ion sounding technique as proposed by Williams [1979], Fritz and Fahnenstiel [1982], and Zong et al. [2000] can be used to remotely study the three-dimensional orientation and location of the magnetopause surface and the gradient variation of the plasma parameters. Intercomparison between energetic particle sounding distance and simultaneous plasma and magnetic field measurements suggests that solar wind plasma can penetrate more than (cid:2) 1000 km deeper than the trapping boundary. The fluxes of different ion species are proportional to the distance from the magnetopause, with a correlation coefficient of 0.7 to 0.8. The energetic proton flux gradient as a function of distance from the magnetosphere is about 100 particles cm (cid:3)
Friend of Prmt1, FOP is a Novel Component of the Nuclear SMN Complex Isolated Using Biotin Affinity Purification

SMN (survival motor neuron protein) complexes are essential for the biogenesis of uridine-rich small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (UsnRNPs). During the biogenesis, the SMN complexes bound to UsnRNPs are transported from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, and moved to Cajal body (bodies)/Gems (Cajal/Gems) where the SMN complexes- UsnRNPs are subjected to additional chemical modifications and dissociated to the SMN complexes and the mature UsnRNPs. Although the mature UsnRNPs are assembled into spliceosome with newly transcribed pre-mRNA in the perichromatin fibrils at the chromatin, the role of the dissociated nuclear SMN complexes remains undetermined. In this study, we identified Friend of Prmt1 (FOP; chromatin target of Prmt1, CHTOP; C1orf77) as a novel component of the nuclear SMN complexes by the biotin affinity purification, coupled with the mass spectrometry-based protein identification. FOP was associated with SMN, Gemines 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8, unrip, and fragile X mental retardation 1 protein (FMR1), as well as with U5and U6 snRNAs in the nucleus, but not with Sm proteins, Gemin5, coilin, and U1 and U2snRNAs. Using the quantitative proteomic method with SILAC coupled with RNA interference, we also showed that FOP is required for the association of the SMN complexes with hnRNPs, histone proteins, and various RNA-binding proteins. It is reported that FOP localizes mainly in the nuclear speckles, binds chromatin, and plays a role in mRNA transcriptional regulation. Our present data suggest that the nuclear SMN complex containing FOP participates in the process of mRNA post-transcriptional regulation.
Comment classification for an online news domain

In online discussion forums, comment moderation systems are often faced with the problem of establishing the value of an unseen online comment. By knowing the value of comments, the system is empowered to establish rank and to enhance the user experience. It is also useful for identifying malicious users that consistently show behaviour that is detrimental to the community. In this paper, we investigate and evaluate various machine learning techniques for automatic comment scoring. We derive a set of features that aim to capture various comment quality metrics (like relevance, informativeness and spelling) and compare it to content-based features. We investigate the correlation of these features against the community popularity of the comments. Through investigation of supervised learning techniques, we show that content-based features better serves as a predictor of popularity, while quality-based features are better suited for predicting user engagement. We also evaluate how well our classifier based rankings correlate to community preference.
Pairwise Classification using Combination of Statistical Descriptors with Spectral Analysis Features for Recognizing Walking Activities

The advancement of sensor technology has provided valuable information for evaluating functional abilities in various application domains. Human activity recognition (HAR) has gained high demand from the researchers to undergo their exploration in activity recognition system by utilizing Micro-machine Electromechanical (MEMs) sensor technology. Tri-axial accelerometer sensor is utilized to record various kinds of activities signal placed at selected areas of the human bodies. The presence of high inter-class similarities between two or more different activities is considered as a recent challenge in HAR. The nt of incorrectly classified instances involving various types of walking activities could degrade the average accuracy performance. Hence, pairwise classification learning methods are proposed to tackle the problem of differentiating between very similar activities. Several machine learning classifier models are applied using hold out validation approach to evaluate the proposed method.
MegaMorph: classifying galaxy morphology using multi-wavelength Sérsic profile fits

Aims. This work investigates the potential of using the wavelength-dependence of galaxy structural parameters (Sersic index, n, and e ective radius, Re) to separate galaxies into distinct types. Methods. A sample of nearby galaxies with reliable visual morphologies is considered, for which we measure structural parameters by fitting multi-wavelength single-Sersic models. Additionally, we use a set of artificially redshifted galaxies to test how these classifiers behave when the signal-to-noise ratio decreases. Results. We show that the wavelength-dependence of n may be employed to separate visually-classified early- and late-type galaxies in a manner similar to the use of colour and n. Furthermore, we find that the wavelength variation of n can recover galaxies that are misclassified by these other morphological proxies. Roughly half of the spiral galaxies that contaminate an early-type sample selected using (u r) versus n can be correctly identified as late-types byN , the ratio of n measured in two di erent bands. Using a set of artificially redshifted images, we show that this technique remains e ective up to z 0:1. Therefore,N can be used to achieve purer samples of early-types and more complete samples of late-types than using a colour-n cut alone. We also study the suitability ofR, the ratio of Re in two di erent bands, as a morphological classifier, but find that the average sizes of both early- and late-type galaxies do not change substantially over optical wavelengths.
SAR Interferometry for ground vertical displacement of small islands in the Venice Lagoon: the case of Murano Island

Our knowledge of the dynamics of vertical ground movements plays a fundamental role in the study of the geomorphological processes, particularly for determining sediment deposition and erosion causes. The conservation of lagoon morphological structures such as salt marshes and tidal flats, besides erosion due to waves and currents, depends on their surface height with respect to the sea level that, for short periods, is primarily related to the land subsidence process and secondarily to eustasy. Ground vertical variations with respect to the sea level, even if small, can, in fact, trigger sediment erosion and deposition processes. To determine land displacement rates in small islands of the Venice Lagoon not covered by traditional surveys (levelling and differential GPS), SAR-based monitoring techniques, i.e. differential SAR interferometry (INSAR) and interferometric point target analysis (IPTA) from ERS-1 and ERS-2 satellites, were performed. We will use the Murano Island for our example in this contribution.
Feedback and Assessment in the New Kindergarten Teacher Education in Norway

This paper investigates the feedback and assessment routines that are being established in the subject of pedagogy in the new model of Kindergarten Teacher Education (Barnehagelaererutdanning - BLU) in Norway. This scope is chosen due to the particular role of the subject of pedagogy in strengthening the understanding of the practice field, and in ensuring a coherent, professionally oriented perspective. The data comprise group interviews with three pedagogy teachers, two pedagogues from in-service kindergartens and one interview with one student. The gathered data were analysed according to guidelines for qualitative content analysis [1], and interpreted in the light of Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT). Results show that pedagogues both at BLU and in-service kindergartens experience many challenges connected to formative assessment and feedback practice: (a) a tacit, private and low-priority assessment culture; (b) current practice characterized by summative assessment methods; and (c) minimal collaboration between involved participants. In conclusion, the paper suggests the following improvements in the area of feedback and assessment in the new BLU: (a) establishing a closer and more reciprocal collaboration between all participants; (b) encouraging a shared understanding of central goals and methods in formative assessment, and (c) increasing the status of assessment work and ensuring time resources to involved teachers.
Calculation of maximum and minimum band boundaries of feasible solutions for species profiles obtained by multivariate curve resolution

A method for the calculation of maximum and minimum band boundaries of feasible solutions corresponding to the species profiles estimated by multivariate curve resolution is presented. The method is based on a non‐linear constrained optimization of an objective function defined by the ratio of the signal contribution of a particular species to the whole measured signal. Implementation of constraints such as normalization, closure, non‐negativity, unimodality and local rank/selectivity during the non‐linear optimization and their effect on the calculation of the feasible solutions are studied in detail. Calculation of the band boundaries is shown for different simulated and real two‐way data examples of increasing complexity. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding Commuter Sentiments from Tweets

Typically, transport operators conduct surveys to evaluate their service performance. With the rise in social media and the abundance of information exchanged through twitter, it is now possible to obtain commuter feedback more rapidly and with a larger sample size. However, deciphering messages transmitted through tweets remains a serious challenge. This paper seeks to understand the sentiments of commuters from their tweet messages, in the aftermath of train service breakdowns in the underground MRT system in Singapore. The work examines tweets messages arising from 5 incidents of service breakdowns for 7 weeks from August 2013 to Oct 2013 and classifies them according to Shaver generic emotions, following which Emotion Scores are obtained. The sentiments are analyzed and the changes in sentiment scores observed prior to, during and after the service breakdown period and examined along with the extent and impact of the delays.
Switching Circuits Simplifications Using Binary Coded Octal Minterms

In this paper, a simple approach for detection of adjacent minterms and minimization technique is proposed. The proposed method factorized each minterms and 'don't –care' conditions into a group of maximum three inputs variables and these groups of minterms further coupled as per laws of simplification. The entire detection procedure is described here by mix binary –octal representations. A chart proposed in this paper for easy detection of adjacent minterms with fewer numbers of comparisons and can use for any number of variables. Logic adjacency property is played a significant role for logic circuit simplification. This novel method reduces the complexity of two-level simplification procedure. This paper also represents the performance of octal minterms based combinational circuit minimization technique in comparison with other traditional methods. The paper deals with a method based on representing minterms in the octal system that can be better suited for the manual method of logic minimization and hence may be worth considering.
Resolving international border disputes: The Irish experience

This article explores the value of a specific model of norm replacement in accounting for the circumstances leading to Ireland’s Good Friday agreement (1998), which formally and finally settled the long-running territorial dispute between Ireland and the United Kingdom (UK). Drawing on the theoretical literature, it identifies three phases in this process. First, from the creation of the Irish Free State in 1922 until the civil unrest in Northern Ireland peaked in 1972 the irredentist norm was substantially unchallenged. It was embedded in the 1937 constitution, which defined the national territory as extending over the whole island of Ireland – including Northern Ireland, a part of the UK. The second phase, from about 1972 to 1998, was one of norm competition. The irredentist norm was severely challenged by new political realities in Northern Ireland, and was potentially destabilising for the state itself. It was increasingly challenged by an alternative ‘consent’ norm, one embracing in effect the geopolitical status quo. The third phase, from 1998 onwards, was one of consolidation of the new norm, now written into the Irish constitution to replace the wording of 1937. The article suggests that this model plays a valuable role in accounting for the changing status of the Irish border, but also that the Irish experience has implications for the broad shape of the model.