Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review: Natural Superhydrophobic Surfaces and Applications

As the mimic biology becomes more and more important in the field of technology, superhydrophobic materials in the natural world have also become common. Superhydrophobic surfaces are used to prevent water droplets from wetting themselves which contain the micro- and nano-structures named hierarchical surfaces and exhibit the high water contact angles (WCA) that are greater than 150˚ and perfect application foreground in both our daily lives and industry. In this work, we first discuss several surface properties and their numerical models. And then we list the surface properties of a variety of natural superhydrophobic surfaces and sum up their similarities and differences. The most recent strategies of how to apply natural superhydrophobic surfaces are also introduced within the past several years. In addition, we talk about the limitations of the current generation of superhydrophobic surfaces and prospects which looks for solutions to the problems. This review aims to enable researchers to learn more about the principles and mechanisms of superhydrophobicity and perceive the new methods for creating and modifying it.
How effectively do oral appliances treat mild-to-moderate obstructive sleep apnea in adults compared with continuous positive airways pressure?

saline injections over 52weeks in patients with KL grades 1 to 4. Intervals between injection courseswerenot reported. No significant difference in a visual analog scale for pain was found compared with placebo (numerical results not reported). The other RCT (N5306) had patients complete four courses of five weekly intra-articular injections of lowmolecular-weight hyaluronic acid or normal saline. Patients were followed up at six months after the first two courses and one year after the next two courses. Improvement in pain and function was defined as a 20% or greater improvement in pain and physical function scores (measurement tool not reported). At 40 months, significantly more patients with improvement in pain and function were reported with repeated hyaluronic acid courses than with placebo (relative risk 1.22; 95% CI, 1.2–1.4). In addition to study heterogenicity, inherent bias may be another significant limitation of this review given pharmaceutical company backing of multiple authors. A 2015 retrospective cohort study evaluated the effect of intra-articular hyaluronic acid injections on time to knee replacement. Data were gathered from a claims database of approximately 79 million patients, of which 182,022 patients with knee osteoarthritis had a total knee replacement during a six-year period, and 50,349 of these patients received more than one hyaluronic acid injection prior to knee replacement. Types of hyaluronic acid, doses, and interval between courses were not reported. Cox proportional hazard modeling showed repeat hyaluronic acid injectionswere associatedwith a significant delay in time to knee replacement from original diagnosis. Patients who did not receive a hyaluronic acid injection had a mean time of 0.7 years to knee replacement post diagnosis. Patients who received one course of hyaluronic acid injections had a mean time of 1.4 years (P,.0001 for comparison with no injections) and those who had five or more courses had a mean time to knee replacement of 3.6 years (P,.0001 for comparison with one injection). This study was limited by its retrospective nature and possibility of confounding factors that may have resulted in delay of knee replacement.
Microstructural characterization of a star-linear polymer blend under shear flow by using rheo-SANS

We present an investigation into the dynamic relaxation mechanisms of a polybutadiene blend composed of a four-arm star (10 wt. %) and a linear polymer matrix in the presence of an applied shear flow. Our focus was the response of the star polymer, which cannot be unambiguously assessed via linear viscoelastic measurements since the signature of the star polymer can barely be detected due to the dominant contribution of the linear matrix. By utilizing small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) coupled with a Couette shear device and a deuterated matrix polymer, we investigated the dynamics of the minority star component of the blend. Our results confirm that the stars deform anisotropically with increasing shear rate. We have compared the SANS data with predictions from the well-established scattering adaptation of the state-of-the-art tube model for entangled linear polymer melts undergoing shear, i.e., Graham, Likhtman, Milner, and McLeish (GLaMM) approach, appropriately modified following earlier studies in.
Study of the Dispersive Component of the Surface Energy of Polylactides by Inverse Gas Chromatography at Infinite Dilution

Inverse gas chromatography at infinite dilution is a powerful technique that can be advantageously used to characterize the surface physicochemical properties of solid substrates as oxides and polymers in both forms of powder or fibres. In the case of polymer, this technique can be used to determine the second order transition phenomena temperatures. This paper was devoted to the determination of the glass transition temperature of polylactide polymer. The dispersive component of the surface energy of polylactides was determined by inverse gas chromatography at infinite dilution. Various theoretical models were used to deduce the dispersive component of the surface energy of the solid substrates. These models are based on the calculation of the molecular areas of adsorbed molecules on the polymer surface: geometrical model, cylindrical molecular model, liquid density model, BET method, Kiselev results and the two-dimensional Van der Waals and Redlich-Kwong equations. The curves relative to the variation of as a function of the temperature showed a specific graph with a maximum value of at a certain particular temperature characteristic to the investigated polylactide polymer. In fact, the maxima of indicated the presence of glass transition temperature Tg of polylactide whatever the molecular model used. This study showed a glass transition temperature equal to 64°C confirming that obtained by other studies.
The mediating influence of smartwatch identity on deep use and innovative individual performance

Given its personal and ubiquitous nature, the smartwatch can easily become infused into individuals’ daily lives, social roles, and relationships. This type of intertwinement of an information technology (IT) in the daily lives of individuals creates an IT identity. To understand this phenomenon in the personal IT context, this research draws from the IT identity and valence frameworks to examine how benefits and risks of smartwatch use affect deep use and innovative individual performance through smartwatch identity. Specifically, we examine how social interactions and belongingness (i.e., benefits) and privacy risk (i.e., risk) influence the building of the smartwatch identity, and in turn both deep use and innovative individual performance. Further, we explore the mediating influence of smartwatch identity. Using a survey, we collected data from 216 smartwatch users. The analysis provides evidence for the IT identity to deep use link and IT identity to innovative individual performance link. This work contributes to the IT identity literature by examining and showing how both positive and negative aspects of the smartwatch influence identity construction. This work also demonstrates the relationships between IT identity and performance, and deep use and performance. For practice, we offer insights for enhancing identity and performance.
An Agent-Based Model of Opinion Polarization Driven by Emotions

We provide an agent-based model to explain the emergence of collective opinions not based on feedback between different opinions, but based on emotional interactions between agents. The driving variable is the emotional state of agents, characterized by their valence, quantifying the emotion from unpleasant to pleasant, and their arousal, quantifying the degree of activity associated with the emotion. Both determine their emotional expression, from which collective emotional information is generated. This information feeds back on the dynamics of emotional states and individual opinions in a nonlinear manner. We derive the critical conditions for emotional interactions to obtain either consensus or polarization of opinions. Stochastic agent-based simulations and formal analyses of the model explain our results. Possible ways to validate the model are discussed.
Presentation and discussion of the high resolution atmosphere-land surface subsurface simulation dataset of the virtual Neckar catchment for the period 2007–2015

Abstract. Coupled numerical models, which simulate water and energy fluxes in the subsurface-land surface-atmosphere system in a physically consistent way are a prerequisite for the analysis and a better understanding of heat and matter exchange fluxes at compartmental boundaries and interdependencies of states across these boundaries. Complete state evolutions generated by such models may be regarded as a proxy of the real world, provided they are run at sufficiently high resolution and incorporate the most important processes. Such a virtual reality can be used to test hypotheses on the functioning of the coupled terrestrial system. Coupled simulation systems, however, face severe problems caused by the vastly different scales of the processes acting in and between the compartments of the terrestrial system, which also hinders comprehensive tests of their realism. We used the Terrestrial Systems Modeling Platform TerrSysMP, which couples the meteorological model COSMO, the land-surface model CLM, and the subsurface model ParFlow, to generate a virtual catchment for a regional terrestrial system mimicking the Neckar catchment in southwest Germany. Simulations for this catchment are made for the period 2007–2015, and at a spatial resolution of 400 m for the land surface and subsurface and 1.1 km for the atmosphere. Among a discussion of modelling challenges, the model performance is evaluated based on real observations covering several variables of the water cycle. We find that the simulated (virtual) catchment behaves in many aspects quite close to observations of the real Neckar catchment, e.g. concerning atmospheric boundary-layer height, precipitation, and runoff. But also discrepancies become apparent, both in the ability of the model to correctly simulate some processes which still need improvement such as overland flow, and in the realism of some observation operators like the satellite based soil moisture sensors. The whole raw dataset is available for interested users. The dataset described here is available via the CERA database (Schalge et al., 2020): https://doi.org/10.26050/WDCC/Neckar_VCS_v1 .
Integrated methodology to characterize hydro-geochemical properties in an alluvial coastal aquifer affected by seawater intrusion (SWI) and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD)

Acknowledgements This work was funded by the projects CGL2013-48869- C2-1- R/2-R and CGL2016-77122- C2-1- R/2-R of the Spanish Government. We would like to thank SIMMAR (Serveis Integrals de Manteniment del Maresme) and the Consell Comarcal del Maresme in the construction of the research site.
O Processo de Incubação Auxilia no Desenvolvimento das Capacidades Adaptativa, Absortiva e Inovativa? Estudos de Casos Múltiplos na Região do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba

Purpose: This article aimed to analyze the role of business incubators in the region of Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaiba-MG, with incubated small business in support them to access resources and capabilities to develop adaptive, absorptive and innovative capabilities, based on dynamic capabilities hierarchy (Wang, & Ahmed, 2007). Design/Methodology: To achieve this goal, it was done a qualitative and descriptive research with multiple case studies in 3 incubators and 23 incubated small companies. Originality/Relevance: Information, strategies, technologies and resources do not necessarily contribute to the generation of competitive advantage of small business. In this sense, the support of technology-based business incubators should assist incubated small companies to create competitive advantages and stimulate their growth. As most incubators, accelerators and technological parks are funded directly or indirectly by the government (Anprotec, 2017), the validation of the results and effectiveness of such investments is important, in promoting the innovation culture, job creation and the income that new businesses offer to society Findings: The results indicate the development of adaptive, absorptive and innovate capacities based in the promotion of an environment of innovation, knowledge and of experience of incubators managers and consultants (monitoring/mentoring), promoting networking to achieve information, knowledge and opportunities, and positive image of incubators. Theoretical/methodological Contributions: These findings contribute to the advancement of studies on the importance of inter-organizational relations as propelling the development of dynamic capabilities, as well as in the discussion of the results of the actions of the incubators. It is suggested, therefore, that Anprotec could consider to incorporate this theoretical approach in its Cerne method to create performance indicators of adaptive, absorptive and innovative capabilities developed from processes and practices adopted by incubators.
Power Spectral Analysis upon Disfluent Utterance in Adults Who Stutter; a qEEG-based Investigation

Purpose: The present study which addressed adults who stutter (AWS), has been an attempt to investigate power spectral dynamics in stuttering state through answering the written questions using quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG). Materials and Methods: A 64-channel EEG setup was used for data acquisition in 9 AWS. Since speech, and especially stuttering, causes significant noise in the EEG, the three conditions of speech preparation (SP), imagined speech (IS), and simulated speech (SS) in a 7-band format were chosen to source localize the signals using the standard low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) tool in fluent and disfluent states. Results: Having extracted enough fluent and disfluent utterances, significant differences were noted. Consistent with previous studies, the lack of beta suppression in SP, especially in beta2 and beta3 and somewhat in gamma band, was localized in supplementary motor area (SMA) and pre motor area in disfluent state. Delta band frequency was the best marker of stuttering shared in all 3 experimental conditions. Decreased delta power in SMA of both hemispheres and right premotor area through SP, in fronto-central and right angular gyrus through IS, and in SMA of both hemispheres through SS were a notable qEEG features of disfluent speech. Conclusion: The dynamics of beta and delta frequency bands may potentially explain the neural networks involved in stuttering. Based on the above, neurorehabilitation may better be formulated in the treatment of speech disfluency, namely stuttering.
GARCH Option Pricing Models and the Variance Risk Premium

In this paper, we modify Duan’s (1995) local risk-neutral valuation relationship (mLRNVR) for the GARCH option-pricing models. In our mLRNVR, the conditional variances under two measures are designed to be different and the variance process is more persistent in the risk-neutral measure than in the physical one, so that one is able to capture the variance risk premium. Empirical estimation exercises show that the GARCH option-pricing models under our mLRNVR are able to price the SPX one-month variance swap rate, i.e., the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX) accurately. Our research suggests that one should use our mLRNVR when pricing options with GARCH models.
Territory and theory in political geography, c.1970s–90s: Jean Gottmann’s The Significance of Territory

ABSTRACT Jean Gottmann’s The Significance of Territory (1973) has been one of the most quoted books on the concept of territory. Yet, despite this position as a ‘classic’, Gottmann’s theory of territory has eluded the scrutiny of intellectual history. This paper engages in this task and examines the lineages of Gottmann’s theorizations of territory, particularly through the influence of two imperialist early 20th-century geographers: André Siegfried and Émile-Felix Gautier. Gottmann’s views of territory, globalization and collective psychology are thus presented in a new light as straddling the conceptual worlds of interwar imperialist geography and post-war ‘progressive’ geopolitics.
Root Foraging Capacity in Bambara Groundnut (Vigna Subterranea (L.) Verdc.) Core Parental Lines Depends on the Root System Architecture during the Pre-Flowering Stage

Characterizing the morphological variability in root system architecture (RSA) during the sensitive pre-flowering growth stage is important for crop performance. To assess this variation, eight bambara groundnut single genotypes derived from landraces of contrasting geographic origin were selected for root system architecture and rooting distribution studies. Plants were grown in a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) column system under controlled water and nutrient availability in a rainout shelter. Days to 50% plant emergence was characterized during the first two weeks after sowing, while taproot length (TRL), root length (RL), root length density (RLD), branching number (BN), branching density (BD) and intensity (BI), surface area (SA), root volume (RV), root diameter (RDia), root dry weight (RDW), shoot dry weight (SDW), and shoot height (SH) were determined at the end of the experiment, i.e., 35 days after emergence. Genotypes S19-3 and DipC1 sourced from drier regions of sub-Saharan Africa generally had longer taproots and greater root length distribution in deeper (60 to 90 cm) soil depths. In contrast, bambara groundnut genotypes from wetter regions (i.e., Gresik, Lunt, and IITA-686) in Southeast Asia and West Africa exhibited relatively shallow and highly branched root growth closer to the soil surface. Genotypes at the pre-flowering growth stage showed differential root foraging patterns and branching habits with two extremes, i.e., deep-cheap rooting in the genotypes sourced from dry regions and a shallow-costly rooting system in genotypes adapted to higher rainfall areas with shallow soils. We propose specific bambara groundnut genotype as donors in root trait driven breeding programs to improve water capture and use efficiency.
Undergraduate Students’ Cohesion in Writing the Final Semester Test of Writing Class at English Education Department of IAIN Padangsidimpuan

Students are expected to have an writing skill when they are at university which can be assumed as a new skill to learn since they were not introduced to such skill during their high school period. Based on preliminary observation, students still lack of the textual from which they struggle with the cohesiveness of certain text genre. In English Department of IAIN Padangsidimpuan, the students have to write a discussion text as their final semester test. This research was designed as qualitative research. The subjects in this research were the sixth semester students of Writing II class at English Department of IAIN Padangsidimpuan. The data were collected from students’ discussion texts which will be written as the final semester test. The data were analyzed by using the theory introduced by Halliday and Hasan. Data were analyzed qualitatively. The procedure of qualitative research included: 1) data reduction, it was begun from the data collection until data analysis when the data have been obtained. Data were given codes; 2) data display, it included organizing and entering the data into the table in order to know what type and the total of cohesion used in writing discussion text. The analysis was concerned with: grammatical cohesion (reference, substitution, ellipsis and conjunction), lexical cohesion (reiteration and collocation) were found in the students’ writings. the researcher found 6 texts about dating, 2 texts about the advantages and disadvantages of internet and the other theme only 1 text in every theme. After being analyzed of the data, the researcher found 28.10 % occurred about reference in all the text, then 5.94% for substitusion, 61.62%, for conjunction. While, there is no the ellipsis, reiteration and collocation found in the discussion text of final semester test used by students. Thus, the dominant cohesion aspect occurred in these text was a conjunction. It was 61.62 % arround the text.
Promoting Disaster Resilience: Operation Mechanisms and Self-Organizing Processes of Crowdsourcing

It is often difficult to realize effective governance and management within the inherent complexity and uncertainty of disasters. The application of crowdsourcing, through encouraging voluntary support from the general public, advances efficient disaster governance. Twelve international case studies of crowdsourcing and natural disaster governance were collected for in-depth analysis. Influenced by Complex Adaptive System theory, we explored the self-organizing operation mechanisms and self-organization processes of crowdsourcing within disaster governance. The self-organizing operation mechanisms of crowdsourcing are influenced by the multi-directional interaction between the crowdsourcing platform, the initiator (who commences the crowdsourcing process) and the contractor (who undertakes disaster reduction tasks). The benefits of crowdsourcing for governance structure and self-organization processes in natural disaster governance are reflected in three perspectives: strengthening communication and coordination, optimizing emergency decision-making, and improving the ability to learn and adapt. This paper discusses how crowdsourcing can promote disaster resilience from the perspective of the complex adaptive system to enrich the theoretical research on crowdsourcing and disaster resilience.
Caracterização de isolados de Bacillus thuringiensis ativos contra Spodoptera frugiperda ( Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Bacillus thuringiensis is an entomopathogenic bacterium that, during sporulation, produces crystal proteins, coded by cry genes, which can act on crop pests such as Spodoptera frugiperda , abolishing its destructive effect. The objective of this work was to characterize some B. thuringiensis isolates by means of molecular and microbiological techniques and confirme their action by development of biassays, seeking the biological control of S. frugiperda larvae. Amplicons's size, plasmid profiles and antibiograms analyses were performed for identification and determination of the degree of genetic diversity using the subclasses of the gene cry 1A (Aa, Ab, Ac e Ae). The molecular techniques suggest high genetic similarity among the studied isolates and the antibiograms performed show that all the isolates were sensitive to the antibiotics streptomycin, kanamycin, rifampicin, and erythromycin, exhibiting different MICs. The biassays demonstrated the entomopathogenic potential of the isolates and control strains controlling first instar S. frugiperda larvae. Additional keywords: RAPD, plasmid profiles, antibiotics, cry genes.
Decoupling between Ti‐in‐zircon and Zr‐in‐rutile thermometry during ultrahigh temperature metamorphism of the Dabie Orogen, China

The Ti‐in‐zircon (TIZ) and Zr‐in‐rutile (ZIR) geothermometers record metamorphic temperatures. In theory, their results should be consistent when zircon and rutile equilibrate as they form. However, we show that these geothermometers were decoupled during ultrahigh temperature (UHT) metamorphism of the Dabie Orogen, China. The TIZ geothermometer records a peak temperature of 927 ± 38°C for the granulite‐facies metamorphism. Rutile occurs as inclusions in UHT metamorphic zircon domains, and they were syn‐crystallised. Rutile records ZIR temperatures of 783 to 798°C. We infer that diffusion of Ti and Zr between zircon and rutile is the main cause of decoupling between the TIZ and ZIR geothermometers. Diffusion of Zr in rutiles is closely related to the distribution of elements, the duration of UHT metamorphism, and rutile grain size.