Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LYAPUNOV THEORY FOR FRACTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Recently there has been a surge in the study of the theory of fractional differential equations. The existing results have been collected in the forthcoming monograph on that subject [1]. In this paper, we prove necessary comparison theorems utilizing Lyapunov-like functions, define stability concepts in terms of a norm and prove stability results parallel to Lyapunov’s results relative to stability and asymptotic stability. Since there are many stability concepts and corresponding results in the literature for ODEs, it is useful to work with stability concepts in terms of two measures, which includes several important stability notions as special cases [2, 3]. A few choices of the two measures are given to demonstrate the versatility of this approach. We extend this versatile approach to provide necessary conditions for stability criteria in terms of two measures for fractional differential equations. We use Caputo’s derivative of arbitrary order which is more suitable to discuss Lyapunov stability theory.
Soundness of a Concurrent Collector for Actors (Extended Version)

ORCA is a garbage collection protocol for actor-based programs. Multiple actors may mutate the heap while the collector is running without any dedicated synchronisation. ORCA is applicable to any actor language whose type system prevents data races and which supports causal message delivery. We present a model of ORCA which is parametric to the host language and its type system. We describe the interplay between the host language and the collector. We give invariants preserved by ORCA , and prove its soundness and completeness.
CAPMUL MCM BASED NANOEMULSION FOR INTRANASAL DELIVERY OF AN ANTIDEPRESSANT

The rationale of this study acquaint with improvement of sertraline hydrochloride (STH) solubility, formulation of STH nanoemulsion (NE) for intranasal delivery to achieve rapid onset of action and to omit first pass effect with enhanced bioavailability. STH nanoemulsion (NE) system was formulated consisting of capmul MCM as oil phase, tween 80 as surfactant and propylene glycol as cosurfactant. The developed system was characterized for phase behaviour and solubilization capacity and water titration method was utilized for the preparation of STH nanoemulsions (SNEs). All formulations were evaluated for globule size, drug content, nasal ciliotoxicity, pH and viscosity. A high STH solubility of 94.28 mg/ml was observed with the NE system containing 20.0% capmul MCM, 33.3% surfactant/co-surfactant (Labrasol:Transcutol P at 2:1) and 46.7% water. In vitro diffusion studies for nasal absorption explanation were executed on goat nasal mucosa. In vitro nasal absorption through goat nasal mucosa was found to be 62.85±0.56%. These results suggested that intranasal delivery of STH may be beneficial over the available oral delivery for the treatment of depression.
Optimization and Scheduling Toolbox

TORSCHE (Time Optimization of Resources, SCHEduling) Scheduling Toolbox for Matlab is a freely (GNU GPL) available toolbox developed at the Czech Technical University in Prague. The toolbox is designed for researches in operational research or industrial engineering and for undergraduate courses. The current version of the toolbox covers the following areas: scheduling on monoprocessor/dedicated processors/parallel processors, open shop/flow shop/job shop scheduling, cyclic scheduling and real-time scheduling. Furthermore, particular attention is dedicated to graphs and graph algorithms due to their large interconnection with the scheduling theory. The toolbox offers a transparent representation of the scheduling/graph problems, various scheduling/graph algorithms, a useful graphical editor of graphs, interfaces for mathematical solvers (Integer Linear Programming, satisfiability of the boolean expression) and an interface to a MATLAB/Simulink based simulator and a visualization tool. The scheduling problems and algorithms are categorized by notation (α|β|γ) proposed by Graham and Blazewicz (Blazewicz et al., 1983). This notation, widely used in the scheduling community, greatly facilitates the presentation and discussion of scheduling problems. The toolbox is supplemented by several examples of real applications, e.g. the scheduling of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) algorithms on a hardware architecture with pipelined arithmetic units, scheduling the movements of hoists in a manufacturing environment and scheduling of light controlled intersections in urban traffic. The toolbox is equipped with sets of benchmarks from the research community (e.g. DSP algorithms, the Quadratic Assignment Problem). TORSCHE is an open-source tool available at (http://rtime.felk.cvut.cz/ scheduling-toolbox/) In the off-line scheduling area, some tools for the development of scheduling algorithms already exist. The term off-line scheduling means all parameters of the scheduling problem are known a priori (Pinedo, 2008). A scheduling system developed at the Stern School of Business is called LEKIN (Pinedo et al., 2002). It was created as an educational tool and it provides six basic workspace environments: single machine, parallel machines, flow shop, flexible flow shop, job shop, and flexible job shop. Another tool is LiSA (Andresen et al., 2003). It is a software-package for entering, editing and solving off-line scheduling problems while the main focus is on shop-scheduling and one-machine problems. The graphical user interface is written in Tcl/Tk for machine and operating system independence. All algorithms are implemented externally while the parameters are passed through files. The commercial tool ILOG Scheduler from the software package ILOG CP Optimizer (ILOG, 2009) is based on 12
A review of the bomb testing attack copying

This thesis provides the reader with in-depth knowledge of the bomb-testing attack described in an article by Nagaj et al, which can be used to successfully counterfeit private-key quantum money as proposed by Wiesner [12] [14]. First a brief overview of the basics of quantum information, such as qubits, superposition of states, and entanglement is given. After it is shown that unknown quantum states cannot be copied, which is known as the quantum nocloning theorem [15]. The quantum no-cloning theorem forms the basis for Wiesner’s private key-quantum money scheme, which will be subsequently presented [14]. After having laid this foundation on quantum information and Wiesner’s quantum money, the paper shows how the seemingly secure money scheme can be broken. The attack on Wiesner’s money that forms the foundation of the thesis is the bomb testing attack published by Nagaj et al in 2016 [12]. The thesis explicitly derives and analyses the bomb testing attack for different types of private-key quantum money. Two versions of the attack are worked out for quantum money which has four possible states per qubit. The first attack is the same as given in the paper by Nagaj et al [12]. The second is a rewrite of the
AN IMMERSED STRUCTURAL POTENTIAL METHOD FRAMEWORK FOR INCOMPRESSIBLE FLEXIBLE/RIGID/MULTI-PHASE FLOW INTERACTION

In this paper, a general framework for the computational simulation of Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) problems involving rigid/flexible solids and multiphase flows is presented. The proposed methodology builds upon the Immersed Structural Potential Method (ISPM) developed by the authors [1, 2] for the simulation of single-phase FSI problems. Several numerical examples are presented to showcase and benchmark the proposed methodology in the solution of complex multi-body multi-phase problems.
Diverse Learners , Diverse Motivations : Exploring the Sentiment of Learning Objectives

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have become increasingly popular in recent years, enabling millions of students worldwide to pursue their educational objectives in new ways. However, little is known about the nature of the reasons why students enroll in courses, and how those reasons differ across demographic groups. In this paper we explore the connection between student engagement and the sentiment of their self-reported reasons for enrolling in MOOCs. We found that there were significant differences in sentiment between demographic groups, and that sentiment of enrollment reasons had small—but consistent—power to predict future course engagement level (Spearman’s ρ = .102). Finally, we discuss the implications of these findings for future student modeling research in MOOC contexts, particularly for students with different backgrounds.
Income distribution, growth and financial development: A cross countries analysis

Income inequality is an important economic issue faced by most of the developed and developing countries. Many attempts have been made to identify a link between economic growth and income inequality in the past. However, the literature is not conclusive about the relationship between economic development and income inequality. This study attempts to analyze the factors responsible for income inequality among the different groups of countries at different stages of economic growth and test the Kuznet's hypothesis by breaking panel of countries into four sub-panels; low income, lower middle income, upper income and higher income countries. In this study a larger set of variables are utilized for investigating the cross country differences in income inequality. The results of the study find the evidence of the existence of inverted U-shaped hypothesis for income growth. Financial development reduces the inequalities in income distribution irrespective of stage of development, and hence negates the inverted U-shaped relationship between inequality and financial development.
Ultra-High-Precision Velocity Measurements of Oscillations in α Centauri A

We have made differential radial velocity measurements of the star α Centauri A using two spectrographs, the UV-Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES) and the University College London Echelle Spectrograph (UCLES), both with iodine absorption cells for wavelength referencing. Stellar oscillations are clearly visible in the time series. After removing jumps and slow trends in the data, we show that the precision of the velocity measurements per minute of observing time is 0.42 m s-1 for UVES and 1.0 m s-1 for UCLES, while the noise level in the Fourier spectrum of the combined data is 1.9 cm s-1. As such, these observations represent the most precise velocities ever measured on any star apart from the Sun.
Venture Capitalism as a Mechanism for Knowledge Governance

Venture capitalism is an outcome of the ICT Revolution, which made its appearance first in the US during the late 1970s and early 1980s and then in other countries including Israel during the 1990s. It explains the new pervasive role of small firms in the introduction of technological innovations and the rise of research and development expenditures in the US in the last decade of the XX century. Venture capitalism is a major institutional innovation based upon the identification of economies of scope in the transactions of technological knowledge bundled with managerial competence, reputation, screening procedures and equity. It has paved the way to the emergente of new surrogate markets for knowledge, i.e. financial markets specialized in the trade of knowledge intensive property rights with important benefits in terms of economico of size in portaolio management and hence profitability of investments in high-tech startups. The emergence of venture capitalism has important effects in national system of innovation of advanced countries, and it is a powerful mechanism for the production, dissemination and integration of knowledge in advanced capitalistic economies, and thereby a main driver of a ‘knowledge-based’ growth.
Electric-field tuning of the valley splitting in silicon corner dots

We perform an excited state spectroscopy analysis of a silicon corner dot in a nanowire field-effect transistor to assess the electric field tunability of the valley splitting. First, we demonstrate a back-gate-controlled transition between a single quantum dot and a double quantum dot in parallel which allows tuning the device into corner dot formation. We find a linear dependence of the valley splitting on back-gate voltage, from 880 μeV to 610 μeV with a slope of −45 ± 3 μeV/V (or equivalently a slope of −48 ± 3 μeV/(MV/m) with respect to the effective field). The experimental results are backed up by tight-binding simulations that include the effect of surface roughness, remote charges in the gate stack, and discrete dopants in the channel. Our results demonstrate a way to electrically tune the valley splitting in silicon-on-insulator-based quantum dots, a requirement to achieve all-electrical manipulation of silicon spin qubits.We perform an excited state spectroscopy analysis of a silicon corner dot in a nanowire field-effect transistor to assess the electric field tunability of the valley splitting. First, we demonstrate a back-gate-controlled transition between a single quantum dot and a double quantum dot in parallel which allows tuning the device into corner dot formation. We find a linear dependence of the valley splitting on back-gate voltage, from 880 μeV to 610 μeV with a slope of −45 ± 3 μeV/V (or equivalently a slope of −48 ± 3 μeV/(MV/m) with respect to the effective field). The experimental results are backed up by tight-binding simulations that include the effect of surface roughness, remote charges in the gate stack, and discrete dopants in the channel. Our results demonstrate a way to electrically tune the valley splitting in silicon-on-insulator-based quantum dots, a requirement to achieve all-electrical manipulation of silicon spin qubits.
Statistical modelling of collocation uncertainty in atmospheric thermodynamic profiles

Abstract. The quantification of measurement uncertainty of atmospheric parameters is a key factor in assessing the uncertainty of global change estimates given by numerical prediction models. One of the critical contributions to the uncertainty budget is related to the collocation mismatch in space and time among observations made at different locations. This is particularly important for vertical atmospheric profiles obtained by radiosondes or lidar. In this paper we propose a statistical modelling approach capable of explaining the relationship between collocation uncertainty and a set of environmental factors, height and distance between imperfectly collocated trajectories. The new statistical approach is based on the heteroskedastic functional regression (HFR) model which extends the standard functional regression approach and allows a natural definition of uncertainty profiles. Along this line, a five-fold decomposition of the total collocation uncertainty is proposed, giving both a profile budget and an integrated column budget. HFR is a data-driven approach valid for any atmospheric parameter, which can be assumed smooth. It is illustrated here by means of the collocation uncertainty analysis of relative humidity from two stations involved in the GCOS reference upper-air network (GRUAN). In this case, 85% of the total collocation uncertainty is ascribed to reducible environmental error, 11% to irreducible environmental error, 3.4% to adjustable bias, 0.1% to sampling error and 0.2% to measurement error.
Biosensors: On the Origin of Label-Free Cell Phenotypic Profiles of Drug- Target Interactions

Drug discovery relies on two types of screens, phenotypic and target-based screens [1]. Historically, new molecular medicines were discovered by phenotypic approaches that measure the phenotypes, often disease phenotypes, of compounds in cells, tissues or whole organisms. However, in the past quarter century phenotypic approaches have steadily given in to target-based approaches that use in vitro molecular assays to measure the effect of compounds on specific target proteins implicated in diseases. This paradigm shift is in part due to the difficulty of traditional phenotypic assays for automation, governing medicinal chemistry optimization and predicting mechanism-based toxicities [2], and in part due to the increasing use of synthetic chemicals and automation [3] as well as the promise of target-based medicine, in particular personalized medicines as “magic bullets” [4]. However, this shift has not transformed the industry, as revealed by a recent analysis of new molecular entities and new biologics approved by the US Food and Drug Administration between 1999 and 2008 [5]. This study showed that the phenotypic screening is more productive to discover small-molecule, first-in-class medicines than the targetbased approaches; this is attributed to the ability of phenotypic approaches to unbiasedly identify the molecular mechanism of action of drugs. However, conventional phenotypic screens often encounter challenges in target identification and validation, and require a series of orthogonal testing at the systems biology level using chemoproteomics [6], chemical genetics [7] and cheminformatics [8]. Thus, advanced phenotypic assays that permit mechanistic deconvolution hold great promise in translational research and drug discovery, in particular for which polypharmacology and network pharmacology are desired [9].
Tight-binding atomistic simulations of hydrocarbon sputtering by hyperthermal ions in tokamak divertors

Recent empirical potential simulations [5] explain from an atomistic point of view the mechanisms of the erosion of carbon-based fusion reactor walls by low-energy hydrogen ions coming from the plasma. However, it is not quite clear yet to what extent the quantum-mechanical effects are important for an adequate description of the erosion. Making use of tight-binding molecular dynamics, which accounts for the quantum-mechanical nature of impinging particle-surface interaction, we re-examine the low-energy erosion mechanisms by simulating the ion-assisted bond breaking in simple model systems like carbon dimers and by modeling sputtering from realistic hydrogenated carbon slabs. Our simulations confirm the empirical potential results on the low energy bond-breaking mechanism, and help one to differentiate between the different mechanisms of the erosion.
Next-Generation Sequencing Applications Complement Traditional Cytogenetic Methods Genomic analysis of tumors provides comprehensive detection of genetic abnormalities

Accurate and efficient assessment of genetic variants in cancer research is important, yet not always straightforward. Various types of causative abnormalities have been identified, including chromosomal rearrangements, small insertions and deletions (indels), point mutations, and epigenetic alterations. Specific biomarkersmay be highly represented in certain neoplasms calling for specific assays. However formany neoplasms, multiple genetic abnormalities can occur simultaneously, and heterogeneity adds further challenges to analysis.
Vulnerability of xylem to embolism in relation to leaf water potential and stomatal conductance in Fagus sylvatica f. purpurea and Populus balsamifera

The vulnerability of xylem vessels to water stressinduced cavitation was studied by measuring hydraulic conductivity and ultrasound acoustic emissions [AEs) in Fagus sylvatica L. f. purpurea (Ait.) Schneid. and Populus balsamifera L. The occurrence of xylem embolism in summer was investigated in relation to leaf water potential and stomatal conductance. Populus was extremely vulnerable to cavitation, losing functional vessels due to embolism at water potentials lower than —0.7 MPa. Fagus experienced embolism when water potential fell below —1.9 MPa. Midday water potentials often approached these threshold values. When evaporative demand increased rapidly on sunny days, water loss became limited by low stomatal conductance. Thus water potentials fell only slightly below the threshold values inducing cavitation. Despite the differences in vulnerability, both species tolerated a similar embolism rate of about 10% in the summer. There was no embolism reversal during prolonged periods of rain. AEs were predictive of loss in hydraulic conductivity, indicating that AEs were mainly confined to vessels. Finally, vessel length distribution, vessel diameter (tangential axis), vessel density, and vessel wall thickness had been determined for both species investigated. Populus had longer and wider vessels than Fagus, whereas vessel wall thickness was similar in both species.
Word-Label Alignment for Event Detection: A New Perspective via Optimal Transport

Event Detection (ED) aims to identify mentions/triggers of real world events in text. In the literature, this task is modeled as a sequence-labeling or word-prediction problem. In this work, we present a novel formulation in which ED is modeled as a word-label alignment task. In particular, given the words in a sentence and possible event types, the objective is to infer an alignment matrix in which event trigger words are aligned with the most likely event types. Moreover, we show that this new perspective facilitates the incorporation of word-label alignment biases to improve alignment matrix for ED. Novel alignment biases and Optimal Transport are introduced to solve our alignment problem for ED. We conduct experiments on a benchmark dataset to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model for ED.
Live (Rose Bengal stained) foraminiferal faunas from the northern Arabian Sea: faunal succession within and below the OMZ

Live (Rose Bengal stained) benthic foraminifera from the Murray Ridge, within and below the northern Ara- bian Sea oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), were studied in or- der to determine the relationship between faunal composi- tion, bottom water oxygenation (BWO), pore water chem- istry and organic matter (organic carbon and phytopigment) distribution. A series of multicores were recovered from a ten-station oxygen (BWO: 2-78 µM) and bathymetric (885- 3010 m depth) transect during the winter monsoon in Jan- uary 2009. Foraminifera were investigated from three differ- ent size fractions (63-125 µm, 125-150 µm and > 150 µm). The larger foraminifera (> 125 µm) were strongly dominated by agglutinated species (e.g. Reophax spp.). In contrast, in the 63-125 µm fraction, calcareous taxa were more abundant, especially in the core of the OMZ. On the basis of a prin- cipal components analysis, three foraminiferal groups were identified and correlated to the environmental parameters by canonical correspondence analysis. The faunas from the shal- lowest stations, in the core of the OMZ (BWO: 2 µM), were composed of "low oxygen" species, typical of the Arabian Sea OMZ (e.g. Rotaliatinopsis semiinvoluta, Praeglobobu- limina sp., Bulimina exilis, Uvigerina peregrinatype parva). These taxa are adapted to the very low BWO conditions and to high phytodetritus supplies. The transitional group, typical for the lower part of the OMZ (BWO: 5-16 µM), is composed of species that are tolerant as well to low-oxygen concentra- tions, but may be less critical with respect to organic supplies (e.g. Globocassidulina subglobosa , Ehrenbergina trigona). Below the OMZ (BWO: 26-78 µM), where food availability is more limited and becomes increasingly restricted to sur- ficial sediments, cosmopolitan calcareous taxa were present, such as Bulimina aculeata, Melonis barleeanus, Uvigerina peregrina and Epistominella exigua. Miliolids were uniquely observed in this last zone, reflecting the higher BWO and/or lower organic input. At these deeper sites, the faunas exhibit a clear succession of superficial, intermediate and deep infau- nal microhabitats, which can be linked to the deeper oxygen and nitrate penetration into the sediment.