Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optical Techniques for Industrial Inspection

This book presents an extensive review of the optical- and laser-based techniques that are available for quality control and process monitoring in the industrial production environment. The physical principles of each technique are explained in simple terms, and their applicability to specific industrial needs is discussed on the basis of wide hands-on experience. A large number of practical applications to in-process industrial sensing and metrology are described, and more than onethousand references are included. Topics include on-line surface inspection, 3-D imaging, nondestructive testing, fiber-optic sensors, robot guidance, as well as spectroscopic and light-scattering process analyzers.
Design and fabrication of a micro-mirror for spectroscopy

A wide variety of MEMS micro-mirrors are being developed for various optical applications. One such application is Fourier Transform Spectrometry (FTS). The design, process optimization and fabrication of a micro-mirror for this application is presented. Large, non-tilting displacements of mirrors are required to achieve high FTS resolution. In order to obtain this without using Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE), the micro-mirrors were fabricated on silicon using bulk micromachining techniques. This paper will present the process developed for fabrication of the mirror with the required specifications. In addition, results of the FTS experiments conducted with the micro-mirror will also be presented.
Factor and stock-specific disagreement and trading flows

We study how disagreement on both factor and stock-specific risk exposures across many agents and securities impacts asset prices. Our theoretical analyses predict that disagreement about factor dynamics drives larger flows into portfolios that are more exposed to the factors. Consequently, these concentrated bets on the factor lead to higher volatility and reduced diversification benefits. We then test these predictions using a novel empirical setting – exchange-traded funds (ETFs). We find that when factor disagreement rises, funds flow into the ETFs that mimic the factor. However, these increased flows induce high forward-looking volatility of, and correlation risk within, the ETF.
Unity PF current-source rectifier based on dynamic trilogic PWM

One remaining step in perfecting the stand-alone, unity power factor, regulated current-source pulse-width-modulated (PWM) rectifier is to reduce cost, by bringing the twelve-valve converter (consisting of three single-phase full bridges that operate with two-level or bilogic PWM) to the six-valve bridge. However, the six-valve topology requires a three-level or trilogic PWM strategy that can handle feedback signals. A general method of translating three-phase biologic PWM signals into three-phase trilogic PWM signals is presented. The method of translation retains the characteristics of the bilogic PWM, including the frequency bandwidth. Experiments show that the trilogic PWM signals produced by the method can handle not only stabilizing feedback signals but also signals for active filtering. >
First complete mitochondrial genome of Antheraea pernyi Guérin-Méneville 1855 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) from North Korea

Abstract This study reports the first complete mitochondrial genome of Antheraea pernyi Guérin-Méneville 1855 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) strain Dingzhou_1, a silkworm resource serving silk production in North Korea. The mitochondrial genome is circular with 15,573 bp in length encoding 37 typical mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes). The 553-bp A + T-rich region harbors a repeat region composed of 6 ∼ 38 bp tandem repeat units, as found in other known inbred strains from Chinese populations. The phylogenetic analysis clustered Dingzhou_1 from North Korea together with Chinese Liaoning population, suggesting that oak silkworm in North Korea might be introduced from her neighbor China Liaoning.
Dual band printed quasi‐yagi antenna for RFID and WLAN applications

In this letter, a new dual band quasi‐Yagi antenna is presented for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) reader and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). The proposed antenna is comprised of 0. 17λ × 0. 13λ radiating patch and reduced ground plane. The proposed antenna is fabricated on a custom made copper laminated 1.25‐mm thick dielectric substrate (εr = 4.5). Measurement results show that 27.78% and 23.4% bandwidths with maximum gains of 4.95 dBi and 7.26 dBi in lower and upper band, respectively. Configuration of driving elements, director, and the pairs of folded arm between excitation point and the driven element was optimized that reduces the length of driving poles significantly. Nearly, stable radiation characteristics with proper impedance matching make the proposed antenna appropriate for universal portable RFID reader with WLAN functionality. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2655–2659, 2015
Radiation Pattern Measurement of a Low-Profile Wearable Antenna Using an Optical Fibre and a Solid Anthropomorphic Phantom

This paper presents a study into radiation pattern measurements of an electrically small dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) operating between 2.4 and 2.5 GHz in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio band for body-centric wireless communication applications. To eliminate the distortion of the radiation pattern associated with the unwanted radiation from a metallic coaxial cable feeding the antenna we have replaced it with a fibre optic feed and an electro-optical (EO) transducer. The optical signal is then converted back to RF using an Opto-Electric Field Sensor (OEFS) system. To ensure traceable measurements of the radiation pattern performance of the wearable antenna a generic head and torso solid anthropomorphic phantom model has been employed. Furthermore, to illustrate the benefits of the method, numerical simulations of the co-polar and cross-polar H-plane radiation patterns at 2.4, 2.45, and 2.5 GHz are compared with the measured results obtained using: (i) an optical fibre; and (ii) a metallic coaxial cable.
Origins and Function of VL30 lncRNA Packaging in Small Extracellular Vesicles: Implications for Cellular Physiology and Pathology

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged during the post-genomic era as significant epigenetic regulators. Viral-like 30 elements (VL30s) are a family of mouse retrotransposons that are transcribed into functional lncRNAs. Recent data suggest that VL30 RNAs are efficiently packaged in small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) through an SEV enrichment sequence. We analysed VL30 elements for the presence of the distinct 26 nt SEV enrichment motif and found that SEV enrichment is an inherent hallmark of the VL30 family, contained in 36 full-length elements, with a widespread chromosomal distribution. Among them, 25 elements represent active, present-day integrations and contain an abundance of regulatory sequences. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a recent spread of SEV-VL30s from 4.4 million years ago till today. Importantly, 39 elements contain an SFPQ-binding motif, associated with the transcriptional induction of oncogenes. Most SEV-VL30s reside in transcriptionally active regions, as characterised by their distribution adjacent to candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs). Network analysis of SEV-VL30-associated genes suggests a distinct transcriptional footprint associated with embryonal abnormalities and neoplasia. Given the established role of VL30s in oncogenesis, we conclude that their potential to spread through SEVs represents a novel mechanism for non-coding RNA biology with numerous implications for cellular homeostasis and disease.
Analysis of the Expression and Prognostic Value of MSH2 in Pan-Cancer Based on Bioinformatics

Background MutS homolog 2 (MSH2), with the function of identifying mismatches and participating in DNA repair, is the “housekeeping gene” in the mismatch repair (MMR) system. MSH2 deficiency has been reported to enhance cancer susceptibility for the association of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. However, the expression and prognostic significance of MSH2 have not been studied from the perspective of pan-cancer. Methods The GTEx database was used to analyze the expression of MSH2 in normal tissues. The TCGA database was used to analyze the differential expression of MSH2 in pan-cancers. The prognostic value of MSH2 in pan-cancer was assessed using Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Spearman correlations were used to measure the relationship between the expression level of MSH2 in pan-cancer and the level of immune infiltration, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI). Results MSH2 is highly expressed in most type of cancers and significantly correlated with prognosis. In COAD, KIRC, LIHC, and SKCM, the expression of MSH2 was significantly positively correlated with the abundance of B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. In THCA, MSH2 expression correlated with CD8+T Cell showed a significant negative correlation. MSH2 had significantly negative correlations with stromal score and immune score in a variety of cancers and significantly correlated with TMB and MSI of a variety of tumors. Conclusions MSH2 may play an important role in the occurrence, development, and immune infiltration of cancer. MSH2 can emerge as a potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
Autonomous Driving Security: State of the Art and Challenges

The autonomous driving industry has mushroomed over the past decade. Although autonomous driving has undoubtedly become one of the most promising technologies of this century, its development faces multiple challenges, of which security is the major concern. In this article, we present a thorough analysis of autonomous driving security. First, the attack surface of autonomous driving is presented. After an analysis of the operation of autonomous driving in terms of key components and technologies, the security of autonomous driving is elaborated in four dimensions: 1) sensors; 2) operating system; 3) control system; and 4) vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. Sensor security is examined from five components, which are mainly responsible for self-positioning and environmental perception. The analysis of operating system security, the second dimension, is concentrated on the robot operating system. Concerning the control system security, the controller area network is approached mainly from vulnerabilities and protection measures. The fourth dimension, V2X communication security, is probed from four categories of attacks: 1) authenticity/identification; 2) availability; 3) data integrity; and 4) confidentiality with corresponding solutions. Moreover, the drawbacks of existing methods adopted in the four dimensions are also provided. Finally, a conceptual multilayer defense framework is proposed to secure the information flow from external communication to the physical autonomous vehicle.
Implementation of DSP Based on Vector Control Model of AC Excitation Control System for a New Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Generator

Permanent magnet generator has the advantages of simple structure, reliable operation and low loss, but it is not easy to adjust voltage, which restricts its wide application. This paper presents a new type of hybrid excitation synchronous generator (HESG) and establishes the mathematical model and simulation of vector control based on its AC excitation system to control the output voltage as the expectation. In application, DSP, as the control system, is traditionally programmed and debugged off-line, which requires heavy workload. Whereas, the design based on model greatly shortens the development cycle. By connecting MATLAB simulation environment to the CCS development environment, the simulation model can be translated into code and downloaded to the targeted DSP through an emulator. This implementation will have specific and indispensable significance for the hardware development and software debugging of motor control system.
Simple model for the input impedance of a wire monopole radiator with a dielectric coat

Closed-form formulae are derived for the input impedance of a wire monopole radiator coated with dielectric and fed through a metal plate. Contrary to the previous models, they can be written in the equation block of a radio frequency circuits simulator. They allow for much faster simulations because they involve little numerical work. The simulation results compare well with the experimental data.
Synthesis Design of Ultra-Wideband Bandpass Filters With Composite Series and Shunt Stubs

This paper presents a direct synthesis procedure for efficient design of a class of ultra-wideband bandpass filters with composite series and shunt transmission-line stubs. The proposed single-stage bandpass prototype is formed by cascading two sets of series open-ended and shunt short-ended stubs through a multisection nonuniform transmission line. All the stubs are set with an identical electrical length, i.e., thetasc , at lower cutoff frequency fc and the middle connecting line is composed of stepped-impedance transmission line with i sections, and each section has an electrical length thetasc. The proposed filter topology aims to construct an ultra-wide bandpass filter with Chebyshev equal-ripple responses and (i + 3) in-band transmission poles. Based on the derivation of the transfer function, a synthesis approach is established and systematically described to design this type of filters according to the specifications such as lower/upper cutoff frequencies. Next, a multistage bandpass filter prototype is proposed and the synthesis design procedure is also presented. The implementation is achieved by using hybrid microstrip line and slotline sections. Compared with traditional stub filters, the proposed filters achieve higher order transmission zeros and thus provide higher selectivity. As design examples, two single-stage and one three-stage bandpass filters are designed and fabricated to confirm the theoretical predictions.
Mobile Data Collectors in Wireless Sensor Networks

Recent advances in wireless and sensing technologies have enabled the deployment of large scale Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) which have a wide range of scientific and commercial applications. However, due to the limited energy supply of sensor nodes, extending the network lifetime has become crucial for WSNs to deliver their promised benefits. Several proposals have aimed at this objective by designing energy efficient protocols at the physical, medium access, and network layers. While the proposed protocols achieve significant energy savings for individual sensor nodes, they fail to solve topology-related problems. An example of such problems is the bottlenecks around the sink, which is a direct result of multi-hop relaying: sensor nodes around the sink relay data generated all over the network which makes them deplete their energy much faster than other nodes. A natural solution to this problem is to have multiple mobile data collectors so that the load is distributed evenly among all nodes. We investigate this promising direction for balancing the load and, hence, prolonging the lifetime of the network. We design optimization schemes for routing and placement of mobile data collectors in WSNs. We show, by theoretical analysis and simulations, that our approach has the potential to prolong the lifetime of the network significantly.
Curve fitting and jump detection on nonparametric regression with missing data

In this paper, by virtual of the inverse probability weighted technique, we considered the jump-preserving estimation on the nonparametric regression models with missing data on response variable. First, we used local piecewise-linear expansion respectively with left and right kernel to approximate the unknown regression function. Second, we obtained the left- and right-limit estimation of regression function at each observed points and then determinated the final estimators by residual sums of squares. Third, we presented the convergence rate of estimators and the residual sums of squares. Finally, we illustrated the performance of our proposed method through some simulation studies and a conjunctivitis example from The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University.
The Perceived Demands of Ice Hockey Goaltending Movements on the Hip and Groin Region: An Elite Coach and Player Perspective

Background: Many ice hockey goaltending techniques force hip joints and groin muscles into extreme ranges of motion, which may increase the risk of hip and groin problems. Purpose: To explore how elite goaltenders and goaltending coaches perceive the demands of common goaltending techniques on the hip and groin region. We further explored differences in perception between goaltenders and their coaches as well as between junior (age <20 years) and senior (age ≥20 years) goaltenders. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey. Methods: We developed a model to categorize common ice hockey goaltending techniques into quantifiable units and invited elite goaltenders and coaches in Sweden to complete an online survey. Participants were asked to rate the perceived demands of each technique on the hip and groin using a Likert scale (not at all, slightly, somewhat, very, or extremely demanding). Using the chi-square test, the proportion of participants perceiving each technique as very or extremely demanding were compared between goaltenders and coaches as well as between senior and junior goaltenders. Results: We received responses from 132 goaltenders and 43 coaches. The stances most frequently perceived as very or extremely demanding were the reverse vertical horizontal post-play (40%) and the butterfly save (25%). Among transitions, movements into the post were most frequently rated as very or extremely demanding (11%–40%). Several techniques were perceived as demanding by a larger share of coaches than goaltenders (difference, 13%–46%; P < .001–.028) and a larger share of senior versus junior goaltenders (difference, 12%–20%; P = .13–.18). Conclusion: The post-play and the butterfly were the goaltending techniques most frequently perceived as demanding, and more coaches than goaltenders percieved these techniques demanding. The results of this study may inform injury prevention efforts for ice hockey goaltending.
Temperature Self-Compensation of Micromechanical Silicon Resonant Accelerometer

Temperature is one of the most important factors affecting the accuracy of micromechanical silicon resonant accelerometer (SRA). In order to reduce the temperature sensitivity and improve the sensor performance, a new method of temperature self-compensation for SRA is presented in this paper. Utilizing the differential structure of SRA, the temperature compensation for bias and scale factor can be realized simultaneously in this method. Moreover, because no temperature sensor is needed in this method, the error in temperature measurement due to the temperature gradient between the mechanical sensitive structure and temperature sensor is avoided, and the precision of temperature compensation for SRA can be further improved. The test results obtained on SRA prototype which is developed by MEMS Inertial Technology Research Center show that, by employing the method of temperature self-compensation, the temperature coefficients of bias and scale factor are reduced from 3.1 mg/°C and 778 ppm/°C to 0.05 mg/°C and -9.4 ppm/°C, respectively.
Lithography process related OPC development and verification demonstration on a sub-90nm poly layer

Using a commercialized product Calibre OPC platform, optical and process models were built that accurately predict wafer-level phenomena for a sub-90nm poly process. The model fidelity relative to nominal wafer data demonstrates excellent result, with EPE errors in the range of ±2nm for pitch features and ±7 for line-end features. Furthermore, these models accurately predict defocus and off-dose wafer data. Overlaying SEM images with model-predicted print images for critical structures shows that the models are stable and accurate, even in areas especially prone to pinching or bridging. In addition, process window ORC is shown to identify potential failure points within some representative designs, allowing the mask preparation shop to easily identify these areas within the fractured data. And finally, the data and images of mask hotspots will be shown and compared down to wafer level.
Fatigue of concrete under compression: Database and proposal for high strength concrete

The compressive strength of concrete decreases as an element is subjected to cycles of loading. In a typical fatigue test for the concrete compressive strength, a concrete specimen (typically a cylinder) is loaded between a lower and upper stress limit. These limits are expressed as a fraction of the concrete compressive strength, and can be written as Sminfck and Smaxfck. The value of Smin and Smax are thus between 0 and 1. The upper limit for Smax in experiments is typically 0,95 and Smin can be as low as 0,02. Experiments in which alternating tensile and compressive stresses are applied can also be executed, but this loading case is not considered in the current study. The result of fatigue tests on concrete cylinders in compression is the so-called Wohler-curve, or S-N curve. In this graph, a (linear) relation is found between the logarithm of the number of cycles N and the maximum fraction of the static compressive strength Smax. In the codes, different expressions are given for the relation between N and Smax. The codes that are studied in this report are the Dutch Code NEN 6723:2009 (Code Committee 351 001 "Technical Foundations for Structures", 2009), the Eurocode suite for concrete: NEN-EN 1992-1-1+C2:2011 (CEN, 2011a) with the Dutch National Annex NEN-EN 1992-1-1+C2:2011/NB:2011 (Code Committee 351 001, 2011a) and NEN-EN 1992-2+C1:2011 (CEN, 2011b) and the Dutch National Annex NEN-EN 1992- 2+C1:2011/NB:2011 (Code Committee 351 001, 2011b), the new Model Code 2010 (fib, 2012). Some expressions from the literature are considered as well, such as the proposal by Hans Bongers (Snijders, 2013) and an expression suitable for higher strengths concrete (Kim and Kim, 1996). The expression for concrete under compression subjected to cycles of loading from NEN-EN 1992-1-1+C2:2011 is more conservative than previously used expressions in the Netherlands. Therefore, different expressions are given in the National Annex NEN-EN 1992-1-1+C2:2011/NB:2011. The S-N relationship given in the Dutch National Annex consists of two equations: the first branch is valid for N ? 106 cycles and the second branch for N > 106 cycles. The transition between these two expressions is not smooth, but instead causes a jump in the Wohler-curve. Because of this anomaly in the current code provisions, it is necessary to propose a new expression for concrete under cycles of compressive loading. Moreover, the proposed expression should be valid, yet not overly conservative, for high strength concrete. The current Eurocode NEN-EN 1992-1-1+C2:2011 is limited to concrete class C90/105. The fib Model Code goes up to C120. The goal of this report is to develop an expression that is valid up to C120. To check the quality of the proposed expression, it should be compared to experimental results. For this purpose, a database of experiments on (ultra) high strength concrete tested in compressive fatigue is developed first, and then used to validate the new proposal for concrete under cycles of compression.