Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Choice of Differentiation Media Significantly Impacts Cell Lineage and Response to CFTR Modulators in Fully Differentiated Primary Cultures of Cystic Fibrosis Human Airway Epithelial Cells

In vitro cultures of primary human airway epithelial cells (hAECs) grown at air–liquid interface have become a valuable tool to study airway biology under normal and pathologic conditions, and for drug discovery in lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF). An increasing number of different differentiation media, are now available, making comparison of data between studies difficult. Here, we investigated the impact of two common differentiation media on phenotypic, transcriptomic, and physiological features of CF and non-CF epithelia. Cellular architecture and density were strongly impacted by the choice of medium. RNA-sequencing revealed a shift in airway cell lineage; one medium promoting differentiation into club and goblet cells whilst the other enriched the growth of ionocytes and multiciliated cells. Pathway analysis identified differential expression of genes involved in ion and fluid transport. Physiological assays (intracellular/extracellular pH, Ussing chamber) specifically showed that ATP12A and CFTR function were altered, impacting pH and transepithelial ion transport in CF hAECs. Importantly, the two media differentially affected functional responses to CFTR modulators. We argue that the effect of growth conditions should be appropriately determined depending on the scientific question and that our study can act as a guide for choosing the optimal growth medium for specific applications.
Simulation Platform for SINS/GPS Integrated Navigation System of Hypersonic Vehicles Based on Flight Mechanics

In this study, a simulation platform for an integrated navigation algorithm for hypersonic vehicles based on flight mechanics is designed. In addition, the generation method of inertial measurement unit data and satellite receiver data is introduced. First, the interface relationship between a high-precision six-degree-of-freedom (6DoF) model and the simulation platform in the launch-centered Earth-fixed frame is introduced. Three-axis theoretical specific force and angular velocity are output by the 6DoF model. Accelerometer and gyroscope error models are added, and integral processing of the specific force and angular velocity is performed to obtain velocity increment of the accelerometer and the angular increment of the gyroscope. These data are quantified to obtain the accelerometer and gyroscope pulses. The satellite’s pseudo-range and pseudo-range rate as well as its position and velocity are obtained from the theoretical position, velocity, the attitude of the hypersonic vehicle’s 6DoF model output, and the global positioning system (GPS) satellite broadcast ephemeris. The simulation data can be used for the verification of the loose and tight coupling integrated navigation algorithms. The simulation test verifies the accuracy of the designed method.
CA 19-9 serum levels in patients with end-stage idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other interstitial lung diseases (ILDs): Correlation with functional decline

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis presents a progressive and heterogeneous functional decline. CA 19-9 has been proposed as biomarker to predict disease course, but its role remains unclear. We assessed CA 19-9 levels and clinical data in end-stage ILD patients (48 IPF and 20 non-IPF ILD) evaluated for lung transplant, to correlate these levels with functional decline. Patients were categorized based on their rate of functional decline as slow (n = 20; ΔFVC%pred ≤ 10%/year) or rapid progressors (n = 28; ΔFVC%pred ≥ 10%/year). Nearly half of the entire patients (n = 32; 47%) had CA 19-9 levels ≥37kU/L. CA 19-9 levels in IPF were not different from non-IPF ILD populations, however, the latter group had a median CA 19-9 level above the normal cut-off value of 37 KU/l (60 [17–247] kU/L). Among IPF patients, CA 19-9 was higher in slow than in rapid progressors with a trend toward significance (33vs17kU/L; p = 0.055). In the whole population, CA19-9 levels were inversely related with ΔFVC/year (r = −0.261; p = 0.03), this correlation remained in IPF patients, particularly in rapid progressors (r = −0.51; p = 0.005), but not in non. Moreover, IPF rapid progressors with normal CA 19-9 levels showed the greater ΔFVC/year compared to those with abnormal CA 19-9 (0.95 vs. 0.65 L/year; p = 0.03). In patients with end-stage ILD, CA 19-9 may represent a marker of disease severity, whereas its level is inversely correlated with functional decline, particularly among IPF rapid progressors.
Temporal context guides visual exploration during scene recognition.

Memories for episodes are temporally structured. Cognitive models derived from list-learning experiments attribute this structure to the retrieval of temporal context information that indicates when a memory occurred. These models predict key features of memory recall, such as the strong tendency to retrieve studied items in the order in which they were first encountered. Can such models explain ecological memory behaviors, such as eye movements during encoding and retrieval of complex visual stimuli? We tested predictions from retrieved-context models using three data sets involving recognition memory and free viewing of complex scenes. Subjects reinstated sequences of eye movements from one scene-viewing episode to the next. Moreover, sequence reinstatement decayed over time and was associated with successful memory. We observed memory-driven reinstatement even after accounting for intrinsic scene properties that produced consistent eye movements. These findings confirm predictions of retrieved-context models, suggesting retrieval of temporal context influences complex behaviors generated during naturalistic memory experiences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Rupture of the Globe: What to Do, What not to Do Bulbusberstung: Vorgehen und Ergebnisse

Abstract Due to their complexity, globe ruptures are highly compromising traumas for the patient. This is due on the one hand to the eye injury itself with the accompanying loss of vision and on the other hand due to the need for extended treatment with uncertain prognosis and the resulting psychological stress. Globe ruptures are among the prognostically most unfavorable injuries due to the force and peak pressure impacting the eye. Furthermore, contusional retinal necrosis may be of significance prognostically. In the present review, we discuss treatment of globe ruptures involving retinal surgery. We discuss the primary sugery, its chronological planning and extent as well as the necessity for follow-up interventions. We also discuss the origin of traumatic retinal detachment with differential diagnosis of giant retinal tear versus oradialysis as well as secondary sequelae of traumas such as formation of macular holes and their treatment. On this basis, the use of buckling surgery versus pars-plana vitrectomy is discussed. Further focus is set on the role of the iris lens diaphragm in surgery of globe ruptures. Zusammenfassung Bulbusberstungen sind aufgrund der Komplexität sehr beeinträchtigende Traumata für den Patienten, zum einen wegen der Augenverletzung selbst und des damit einhergehenden Visusverlustes, zum anderen wegen der langwierigen Behandlung mit ungewisser Prognose und der damit einhergehenden psychologischen Belastung. Bulbusberstungen gehören zu den prognostisch ungünstigsten Verletzungen wegen der auf das Auge einwirkenden Gewalt und Druckspitze. Zusätzlich können schwere kontusionelle Netzhautnekrosen prognostisch bedeutsam sein. In der vorliegenden Übersicht diskutieren wir die netzhautchirurgische Versorgung von Bulbusberstungen. Hierbei wird die Primär-OP, ihre zeitliche Planung und ihr Umfang wie auch die Notwendigkeit von Folgeeingriffen diskutiert. Die Genese einer traumatischen Ablatio mit der Differenzialdiagnose Riesenriss vs. Oradialyse werden ebenso diskutiert wie die Sekundärfolgen von Traumata wie die Entstehung von Makulaforamina und deren Versorgung. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird der Einsatz der Buckelchirurgie und/oder der Pars-plana-Vitrektomie erläutert. Einen weiteren Schwerpunkt haben wir auf die Rolle des Iris-Linsen-Diaphragmas in der Chirurgie von Bulbusberstungen gelegt.
The bacteriophage P1 Cre/loxP system has proven to be a powerful tool to manipulate gene expression in vivo using transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase under the control of specific promoters, or local viral delivery of Cre-

Cre/loxP recombination is a widely used approach to study gene function in vivo, using mice models expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of specific promoters or through viral delivery of Cre-expressing constructs. A profuse literature on transgenic mouse lines points out the deleterious effects of Cre expression in various cell types and tissues, presumably by acting on illegitimate loxP-like sites present in the genome. However, most studies reporting the consequences of Cre-lox gene invalidation often omit adequate controls to exclude the potential toxic effects of Cre, compromising the interpretation of data. In this study, we report the anatomical, neurochemical, and behavioral consequences in mice of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated Cre expression in the dopaminergic nuclei substantia nigra, at commonly used viral titers (3 9 10 genome copies/0.3 lL or 2 9 10 genome copies/0.6 lL). We found that injecting AAV-eGFPCre into the SN engendered drastic and reproducible modifications of behavior, with increased basal locomotor activity as well as impaired locomotor response to cocaine compared to AAV-eGFP-injected controls. Cre expression in the SN induced a massive decrease in neuronal populations of both pars compacta and pars reticulata and dopamine depletion in the nigrostriatal pathway. This anatomical injury was associated with typical features of programmed cell death, including an increase in DNA break markers, evidence of apoptosis, and disrupted macroautophagy. These observations underscore the need for careful control of Cre toxicity in the brain and the reassessment of previous studies. In addition, our findings suggest that Cre-mediated ablation may constitute an efficient tool to explore the function of specific cell populations and areas in the brain, and the impact of neurodegeneration in these populations.
Beitrag zur stratigraphischen Verbreitung und phylogenetischen Stellung der Amphidiscophora und Hexasterophora (Hexactinelli- da, Porifera)

Summary For the first time it could be proved that microscleres of the hemihexaster-, hexaster-, spir- and echinhexaster-type, as well as clavules and paraclavules occurred already in the Lower Ordovician. They are a mark that the Hexasterophora appeared not later than with the beginning of the Ordovician, very probably they were developed in the Cambrian. Scleres of the hemi- and amphidisc-type are known from Upper Cambrian carbonate sequences, which proves that their origin was in the Cambrian. The new results, introduced in this paper, allow to attach to the systematics of recent Hexactinellida and to show that the members of both subclasses evolved in the early Paleozoic without dependence on the Protospongioidea and Brachiospongioidea. This leads to the conclusion that the Hexactinellida developed in several independent lineages; this means that they are of polyphyletic origin.
Antimicrobial Activity of Ferns

The present aim is the study of ferns having antimicrobial activity and commonly found around the area of district Darjeeling of West Bengal, India. Common ferns from several areas of Darjeeling district are collected and tested against Gram +ve and Gram –ve bacteria for their antimicrobial activity. Collected plant materials are dried and the soluble extracts are made using different solvents like distilled water, methanol, ethanol and acetone Antimicrobial activities are measured using agar cup diffusion method. Greater the area of inhibition zone indicates the presence of good potentiality of antimicrobial activity. A large number of common ferns are collected and among them some species are found having antimicrobial activity. Five species show antimicrobial activity against both gram +ve and gram -ve bacteria.
A WORD'S WORTH

Gross, R. E. (1953). Surgery of infancy and childhood, Philadelphia: Saunders. Kirtley, J. A,, Jnr. and Holcomb, G. W. Jnr. (1966). Surgical management of disease of the gallbladder and common duct in children and adolescents. Amer. 1. Surp. , 111: 39-46. 2: 352-359. Morales, L , Taboada, E. , Tolero, L. and Radrigan, W. (1967). Cholecystitis and cholelithiasis in children. J . paed. Surp. , 2: 565-568. Potter, A. H. (1938). Biliary disease in young subjects. Surg. Gynec. Obsfef. , 66: 604-610 Soderlund, S. and Zetterstrom, B. (1962). Cholecystitis and cholelithiasis in children. Arch. Dis.
Photosynthetic acclimatisation of leaves in response to a shade-to-sun transition following summer pruning in peach (Prunus persica cv. Changhoweonhwangdo) trees

Summary Photosynthetic characteristics and the capacity for adaptation were examined in those leaves near to fruit that changed from shade to a high-light environment (shade-to-sun leaves) following summer pruning in 7-year-old ‘Changhoweonhwangdo’ peach (Prunus persica L.) trees. The shoots of the trees were topped, with a thinning-out of fruit in early-June, then 50% of the vigorous shoots were thinned-out between late-July and early-August, at the end of the rainy season. Summer pruning increased the penetration of light, subsequently increasing air and leaf temperatures, and decreasing the relative humidity in the lower parts of the canopy. The new high-light environment created by summer pruning did not affect the structural characteristics or pigment concentrations in shade-to-sun leaves. However, shade-to-sun leaves had a higher total carotenoid:total chlorophyll ratio compared to sun leaves, whereas this ratio decreased continuously in shade leaves. Shade-to-sun leaves required a period of time to adapt photosynthetically to the new high-light environment. Shade leaves had a lower photosynthetic capacity than sun leaves. The apparent quantum yield (Φpsii) and electron transport rate (ETR) of photosystem II (PSII), stomatal conductance (gs), and net CO2 assimilation rate (An) were lower in shade leaves than in sun leaves at the higher photosynthetic photon flux density. Shade-to-sun leaves did not recover, in terms of An, within 1 week from photo-inhibition caused by a lower Φpsii and ETR, although gs was higher in shade-to-sun leaves than in shade leaves. Four weeks after summer pruning, however, shade-to-sun leaves recovered in terms of their Φpsii, ETR, and An, all of which were higher than in shade leaves. Consequently, summer pruning in ‘Changhoweonhwangdo’ peach trees affected the photosynthetic rate and capacity of shade-to-sun leaves through a change in pigment composition rather than through structural adaptation to an improved light environment within the canopy, thereby influencing the characteristics of tree growth and fruit quality.
Bacterial but not fungal challenge up‐regulates the transcription of Coleoptericin genes in Tenebrio molitor

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are effector candidates that elicit humoral immunity in invertebrates. AMPs facilitate bacterial clearance by either physically disrupting the microbial membranes or the intracellular targets. In the Coleopteran pest, Tenebrio molitor, transcriptional regulation of AMPs has been studied in the context of innate immune signaling cascades and antimicrobial immunity. Here, we report the transcriptional response of three AMP genes, Coleoptericin A, B, and C (TmCole A, B and C) in T. molitor in response to bacterial (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus), and fungal (Candida albicans) challenges. These genes were expressed essentially in the gut and hemocytes followed by the integument tissue of the T. molitor larva. Further, these genes were highly expressed in the late‐larval, pupal, and early adult stages. Furthermore, while all of these transcripts were highly upregulated in the fat body and Malpighian tubules after bacterial challenge, TmCole B and TmCole C were induced in the gut after E. coli challenge. Fungal stimulation was not required for the upregulation of the transcription of Coleoptericin genes in T. molitor.
New features in the vegetative and reproductive morphology of Cystoclonium purpureum (Cystocloniaceae, Rhodophyta) from the North Atlantic Ocean

The seminal work of Kylin (1923, 1932, 1956) defined the family Cystocloniaceae (as the Rhodophyllidaceae) for genera having (1) a percurrent central-axial filament surrounded by a well-developed cortex; (2) procarps in which the auxiliary cell is one of the daughter cells borne immediately distal to the supporting cell of the carpogonial branch; (3) gonimoblast filaments that originate from a single initial directed either inwardly or laterally; and (4) zonately divided tetrasporangia. Most of the species currently placed in the Cystocloniaceae produce some kind of secondary gametophytic filaments in conjunction with gonimoblast development, although no such filaments have been reported in Cystoclonium purpureum or C. obtusangulum, the only two species currently recognized under Cystoclonium. Unlike the reports of previous studies, we observed an extensive system of short-celled secondary gametophytic filaments in C. purpureum that form regularly in association with gonimoblast initiation and continue their elaboration throughout gonimoblast and carposporangial development. Terminal cells of the secondary gametophytic filaments fuse with nearby fused and unfused gonimoblast cells throughout carposporophyte development. Secondary gametophytic filaments of one sort or another have been reported in nearly all other species placed in the Cystocloniaceae–Solieriaceae complex, often with linkage occurring between cells of the gonimoblast filaments and those of the secondary gametophytic filaments; however, the particular pattern of gametophyte–gonimoblast interaction described here in C. purpureum is, so far, unique among Rhodophyta.
Assessment of variability for agro-morphological traits in elite lentil (Lens culinaris) lines using multivariate analysis

Genetic variability was assessed using multivariate analysis among elite lentil lines derived through hybridization between macrosperma and microsperma types. As per principal component analysis, first four principal components (PC) expressed 83.50% of total variation in which PC I, PC II, PC III & PC IV accounted for 34.73%, 27.14%, 11.94% and 9.69% of total variation, respectively. On the basis of cluster analysis, cluster III was found promising for yield and its major component traits as it had the highest mean values for number of pods per plant (69), 100 seed weight (1.81g), seed yield per plant (1.73g), biological yield per plant (5.0g), harvest index (35.13%) and maturity (159 days). The correlation study between yield and its components, traits viz., biological yield per plant (r=0.70), number of pods per plant (r=0.55) and delayed maturity (r=0.40) were found major yield contributing traits and can be given due emphasis during development of improved genotypes of lentil for rainfed condition of Uttarakhand hills.
A new virus disease in North America caused by tobacco vein-banding mosaic virus

In 1990, during a survey of six commercial and experimental burley tobaccos in Greene County, TN, 10 virus isolates from 70 samples collected from two separate tobacco fields were recovered that did not react with antisera to viruses common to tobacco in the region. Inclusion bodies observed by light microscopy in leaf tissue of tobacco cultivar TN 86 inoculated with two of these 10 isolates were characteristic of those found in cells infected with a potyvirus (.)
Abstract

Stainless steels are increasingly used outdoor. An important factor to be concerned is the appearance of stainless steel surfaces. The different appearances are produced by the different finishing processes. The stainless steel grades and surface finishes affect their corrosion resistance. The atmospheric corrosion resistance of the different stainless steels and surface finishes which were AISI 304 HL (hairline finish), 304 MF (mirror finish), 316 HL, 316 2B, 430 HL and 430 BA (bright annealing finish) were studied. The specimens were prepared and exposed in 4 environments which were urban (Bangkok), rural (Ayuthaya), industrial (Maptaphut industrial estate, Rayong) and seaside (Kungkrabaen Bay Royal Development Study center, Chantaburi). The specimens were retrieved after 1, 3, 9, 15, 21, 27, 33 and 39 months of exposure. Pit depth, rating number (RN), weight change of the specimens were determined. It was found that corrosion severity of seaside was 2 times higher than that of industrial, 3.3 times higher than that of urban and 10 times higher than that of rural environment. In mild environment the performance of all specimens was the same during 39 months of study. Surface finishes played a role on the corrosion resistance. MF gave the highest corrosion resistance. Rating number was a fast method to evaluate the appearance changes or atmospheric corrosion of the stainless steels. Weight change, roughness and brightness of specimens also were measured but they were insignificant different thus these parameters were not suitable for evaluating the atmospheric corrosion resistance of stainless steels.
A numerical analysis of published field trials with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

This paper presents a numerical analysis of 78 published field trials with vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi. Increased VA mycorrhizal colonization of the roots of crops and pasture herbs, produced by inoculation with these fungi, resulted in yield increases of 37% on average. However, there was no relationship between the size of the increase in infection and the size of the increase in yield. In addition, in approximately one-fifth of the trials, yield of plants with higher infection was depressed. VA mycorrhizal fungi are abundant and widespread in the roots of plants in both agricultural and natural vegetation. It is concluded here that the function of these symbiotic associations in field ecosystems warrants further study, particularly in terms of the influence of the type and degree of host infection on plant nutrient uptake and yield. For the present, direct evidence for a mutualistic function of VA mycorrhizal symbioses in the field is scant. Key-words: VA mycorrhiza, field trial, inoculation