Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Crack on Bending Process for S55c Carbon Steel with Ultrasonic Testing on Zero Degree Probes

Bending force and fatigue-induced crack is a generally assured trouble in industrial pipe line achieving their original design life. An amount of high-profile accidents has been covered in the past that involved bending and fatigue harm in structures. Such that incidences frequently encounter without prior warnings ascribable deficiency of proper crack monitoring method. Called for to discover and monitor the bending and fatigue crack, ultrasonic (UT) and acoustic emission (AE) technique, has been encountering growing concerns recently. This paper presenting the measurement and effect of bending test at carbon steel plate with different length and defect’s depth by using ultrasonic testing with considering the defect size at failure point. The zero-degree probe and 4MHz excitation frequency is used in UT measuring for condition of S55C carbon steel plate within before bending process and after bending process. From the result show that effect of bending force will increase the velocity (m/s), gain (dB), beam path (mm) and thickness plate (mm) based on the defect sizes. The increasing of four parameters can be explained namely 0.19% - 0.3% velocity, 17% - 20% gain, 10% - 12% beam path and 5.0% - 7.5% thickness of plate.
Rigidity Based Robust Formation Maneuvering Control for Nonholonomic Mobile Robots

In this paper, a distance-based kinematic level formation maneuvering control is proposed for multiple non-holonomic mobile robots to track a predefined trajectory while retaining the desired formation shape. Rigidity properties from the graph theory are the key tool to define the interactions among the robots. A leader-follower approach is used by assuming that only the leader knows the desired maneuvering velocity. As a result, the control signal will include a distributed observer to estimate the unknown velocities of the followers with which they have to move. A low pass filter(LPF) is employed to alleviate the chattering in the control signal. Also, a disturbance ob-server(DOB) is proposed for mobile robots to achieve robustness to disturbances. Simulation results are included to substantiate the claims about the performance of designed controllers and filters.
Mapping forest aboveground biomass with a simulated ICESat-2 vegetation canopy product and Landsat data

The assessment of forest aboveground biomass (AGB) can contribute to reducing uncertainties associated with the amount and distribution of terrestrial carbon. The Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) was launched on September 15th, 2018 and will provide data which will offer the possibility of assessing AGB and forest carbon at multiple spatial scales. The primary goal of this study was to develop an approach for utilizing data similar to ICESat-2’s land-vegetation along track product (ATL08) to generate wall-to-wall AGB maps. Utilizing simulated daytime and nighttime ICESat-2 data from planned ICESat-2 tracks over vegetation conditions in south-east Texas, we investigated the integration of Landsat data and derived products for AGB model and map production. Linear regression models were first used to relate simulated photon-counting lidar (PCL) metrics for 100 m segments along ICESat-2 tracks to reference airborne lidar-estimated AGB over Sam Houston National Forest (SHNF) in south-east Texas. Random Forest (RF) was then used to create AGB maps from predicted AGB estimates and explanatory data consisting of spectral metrics derived from Landsat TM imagery and land cover and canopy cover data from the National Land Cover Database (NLCD). Using RF, AGB and AGB uncertainty maps produced at 30 m spatial resolution represented three data scenarios; (1) simulated ICESat-2 PCL vegetation product without the impact of noise (no noise scenario), (2) simulated ICESat-2 PCL vegetation product from data with noise levels associated with daytime operation of ICESat-2 (daytime scenario), and (3) simulated ICESat-2 PCL vegetation product from data with noise levels associated with nighttime operation of ICESat-2 (nighttime scenario). The RF models exhibited moderate accuracies (0.42 to 0.51) with RMSE values between 19 Mg/ha to 20 Mg/ha with a separate test set. The adoption of a combinatory approach of simulated ICESat-2 and Landsat data could be implemented at larger spatial scales and in doing so, ancillary data such as climatic and topographic variables may be examined for improving AGB predictions.
Pengikatan Jaminan Kebendaan dalam Kontrak Pembiayaan Muḍārabah sebagai Upaya Penyelesaian Sengketa Debitur Wanprestasi (Analisis Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 272/K/AG/2015 tentang Pembiayaan Mudharabah)

The imposition of collateral in muḍārabah financing contracts is a separate issue for Islamic banks even though in principle Islamic banks are not required to ask for collateral, but in practice, collateral is one of the elements that must be met by business actors in muḍārabah financing contracts. When the collateral is not applied, problems often arise in the case of debtor default. The problem in this study is whether the imposition of collateral can be used as an effort to resolve debtor disputes in muḍārabah financing contracts. To answer the research question, the method used is a normative juridical research method where the law is not only seen as law in books but also the law in action with the statutory approach and case study approach, namely the decision of the Mahkamah Agung. The results of the study presented that binding guarantees in muḍārabah financing contracts can be used as anticipation to minimize the risk of loss based on article 39 of Law no. 21 of 2008 concerning Islamic Banking. When the business actor defaults, neglects, and breaches the contract in muḍārabah financing, the guarantee can be used as an effort to mitigate the settlement of muḍārabah financing disputes to pay off obligations to Islamic banks.
The New Money: The Utility of Cryptocurrencies and the Need for a New Monetary Policy

Since its inception in 2008, cryptocurrencies are gaining adoption globally. Even though its utility may vary, the primary purpose of cryptocurrencies is to provide some form of payment (or medium of exchange) in the digital world. As more use cases arise from the industry, cryptocurrencies and blockchain are no longer a niche topic. Educational institutions are introducing it into their curriculum, and governments are talking about it in parliament. In particular, governments are keen to determine if the underlying technologies can form the fundamentals to issue a Central Bank issued Digital Currency (CBDC). Will these forms of currency become the “New Money”? This paper sets out to explore the utility of cryptocurrencies and CBDC, their implications on the economy and the government’s ability to use monetary policy. We examine and compare the approaches to CBDCs suggested by various governments.
Chaos-based Cryptography: A Brief Look Into An Alternate Approach to Data Security

The present scale of computing inevitably demanded increased level of data security, which is the concern of cryptography. Security of the cipher depends on the strength of the key and the algorithm used to generate the keys. Many modern cryptographic algorithms are based on Number Theory, but in recent years an alternative approach has been studied which is based on Chaos Theory. Many properties of chaotic systems such as nonlinearity, randomness, and sensitivity to initial conditions bear resemblance to those required by cryptography such as diffusion and confusion. Implementations of chaos-based cryptosystems have been proposed by other researchers and yet the strength of these systems from a cryptographic point of view has not been thoroughly considered. This paper discusses the appeal of chaos-based cryptography, some of the researches already done, and the challenges that this approach faces to be established as a fully secure method for data security.
Cleaning Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Estimation of Olmesartan and Atorvastatin by HPLC

A simple and reproducible, RP-HPLC cleaning validation method for the simultaneous estimation of Olmesartan and Atorvastatin has been developed. The chromatography was carried out on Phenomenex Synergi polar RP-80A column (250mm×4.6mm, 4μm) in an isocratic mode utilizing ammonium acetate buffer (pH 6.5): acetonitrile (65: 35, v/v) as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1.5mL/min. Detection was carried out at Isosbestic point of 252nm. Retention times of olmesartan and atorvastatin were 3.847±0.2 min and 8.930±0.2 min, respectively. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The method was found to be specific as there was no swab interference. The Beer Lambert's law was obeyed in the concentration range 0.1–10μg/mL for both olmesartan and atorvastatin with Correlation Coefficient, r2 = 0.9999. The % RSD of six replicates and mean % recovery were found to be within acceptable limits for both the drugs. The LOD was 0. 003μg/ml for olmesartan and atorvastatin and the LOQ was 0.1μg/ml for olmesartan and atorvastatin which showed that method was sensitive. The method was robust as observed from insignificant variation of analysis results by adopting minor changes in chromatographic conditions. Stability studies conducted on mixed standard solution kept on bench top and under refrigeration conditions showed that the solution was stable on benchtop for 2 h, while the refrigerated solution was stable up to 24 h.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Stock Market Contagion: A Wavelet-Copula GARCH Approach

In this study, we examine the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on stock market contagion. Empirical analysis is conducted on six major stock markets using a wavelet-copula GARCH approach to account for both the time and the frequency aspects of stock market correlation. We find strong evidence of contagion in the stock markets under consideration during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Memory-Based Neural Network for Radar HRRP Noncooperative Target Recognition

In this paper, we propose a Memory-Based Neural Network(MBNN) for Radar Automatic Target Recognition (RATR) based on High Resolution Range Profile (HRRP) in imbalanced case to learn how to find out the discriminative representations and generalize the ability to barely appeared target samples of some categories. Specifically, we utilize a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to explore discriminative features among HRRP samples and employ a memory module to record misclassified samples or samples that are correctly classified with low confidence into a external storage, we called it buffer. Then we leverage a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) to merge the classified samples with some of the most similar ones in the buffer to make the final decision. It is worth noting that MBNN can be inserted as a plug-and-play module into any discriminative methods. Effectiveness and efficiency are evaluated on the measured data.
Fan-out ultrasound transducer array in substrate

The idea that employs an advanced package that combines Embedded Substrate Level Package with Fan-out Substrate Level Package is proposed to package high-density and high-frequency ultrasound transducer array. We successfully verified the process principle. The material of the sample array is lead zirconated titanite piezoelectric ceramic and silicon dummy chip, which total size of arrays is 5000μm× 5000μm×140μm. Arrays are divided into 50×50 elements. Each element size was 70μm × 70 μm×140μm. The kerf between two adjacent array elements is 30μm. We successfully fan out the signal trace of two 1×44 linear arrays in the 50×50 area array using a single-layer re-distribution layer. The impedance curve was measured on the impedance meter. The blind via diameter on the linear array is 30μm, and the line/spacing is 50μm/50μm. We try to fan out a 4×16 planar array in the 50×50 planar array using a single-layer re-distribution layer. The blind via diameter on the planar array is 20μm, and the line width and spacing are 20μm/15μm. However, some questions are leading to the low yield of this process. We analyze the reasons for the low yield.
Supporting Smooth Interruption in a Video Conference by Dynamically Changing Background Music Depending on the Amount of Utterance

Interrupting a speaker at the right moment during a meeting is an advanced skill, and not everyone can do it. It is not a rare case that one person keeps talking for a long time, particularly in a video conference, due to limited bandwidth and latency. In order to solve this problem, this paper presents a proof of concept and a working prototype of DiscussionJockey, an online meeting bot that measures the amount of speech of each meeting participant and provides an acoustic stimulus selected by the measurement. On the basis of a literature review, we hypothesized that the timing of speech can be implicitly manipulated by playing background music (BGM) with specific beats per minute (BPM). We conducted a pilot study using the proposed system and observed it made the utterance rate of participants closer to each other. The result of this pilot study has revealed the potential and challenges of meeting interventions.
Development and screening of cowpea recombinant inbred lines for seedling drought tolerance

The use of multiple traits for drought study affirms the complexity of drought tolerance in cowpea. Despite the availability of several traits for drought tolerance evaluation, the rapid screening technique used by many scientists for seedling drought in wooden boxes is the simplest method for screening large populations. The objective of this study was to select drought tolerant cowpea recombinant lines developed from a drought tolerant and susceptible parent using the wooden box screening technique. Two hundred Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILS) an F2:6 generation were used for the study. The parents were drought tolerant line crossed with susceptible line. Screening was done in wooden boxes and plants stressed for 4 weeks and in two sessions. Leaf wilting, relative water content, chlorophyll content during stress, and recovery from drought data were taken. Results from this study showed significant differences (p < 0.05) for relative chlorophyll content for the 4 weeks of water stress and relative water content taken on the second week of water stress for all 200 inbred lines, but no significant differences were observed for the parental checks. Relative water contents taken for RILS during water-stress ranged between 70-20% for drought tolerant and drought susceptible lines respectively. The parental lines used as checks both had relative water contents of 60%. Relative water content for the second experiment ranged between 74-22% for tolerant and susceptible RILS respectively. About 12 inbred lines consistently performed well for recovery, 13 RILS were susceptible. RILS that maintained a higher relative water and chlorophyll contents, with high proportion of survived seedlings were 11. Potential seedling drought tolerant RILS have been identified. Key words: Cowpea, leaf wilting, chlorophyll, recombinant inbred lines, drought tolerance, relative water content.
Evaluating Top-N Join Queries with Real-time Entity Resolution

Using nonmonotone ranking functions in top-N queries is a challenge. Traditional techniques for top-N queries are based on clean data without entity resolution (ER). For dirty datasets with duplicate tuples referring to the same real-world entity, these techniques may yield top-N tuples duplicates for a query. Consequently, the effective size of the result set of the query is less than N, and some useful tuples may fail to be retrieved from the datasets, which leads to poor effectiveness. Using an ER-Index based on a divide-and-conquer mechanism and nonmonotone ranking functions, in this paper, we propose a method for processing top-N join queries with real-time ER. This method integrates ER with the processing of a top-N join query over dirty datasets on the fly. Extensive experiments are conducted to measure the effectiveness and efficiency of the method over dirty datasets.
In vitro Regeneration of Rudbeckia hirta ‘Plainview Farm’ from Leaf Tissue

Rudbeckia hirta ‘Plainview Farm’, a new multiple-layered ray flowered cultivar, shows potential for potted plant production. After years of seed germination, this specific flower morphological trait was still unstable from generation to generation. To maintain its unique features, leaf sections (0.25 cm 2 ) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with either BA (0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg·L -
The client-binding domain of the cochaperone Sgt2 has a helical-hand structure that binds a short hydrophobic helix

The targeting and insertion of tail-anchored (TA) integral membrane proteins (IMP) into the correct membrane is critical for cellular homeostasis. The fungal protein Sgt2, and its human homolog SGTA, binds hydrophobic clients and is the entry point for targeting of ER-bound TA IMPs. Here we reveal molecular details that underlie the mechanism of Sgt2 binding to TA IMP clients. We establish that the Sgt2 C-terminal region is flexible but conserved and sufficient for client binding. A molecular model for this domain reveals a helical hand forming a hydrophobic groove, consistent with a higher affinity for TA IMP clients with hydrophobic faces and a minimal length of 11 residues. This work places Sgt2 into a broader family of TPR-containing co-chaperone proteins.
Cycle Life Prediction of Lithium Batteries Based on Generalized Regression Network with Improved PSO

To predict the cycle life of lithium-ion batteries more accurately, an improved PSO algorithm and a generalized regression neural network (GRNN) combined with the cycle life prediction method of lithium ion battery are proposed. Based on the simulation and actual prediction data, the results show that the established model has higher prediction accuracy than GRNN, which is of great significance for solving the life prediction accuracy of lithium iron phosphate battery.
Nanoparticules de bismuth : synthèse, caractérisation et nouvelles propriétés

A l’echelle nanometrique et plus precisement en dessous de 10 nm, le bismuth presente des modifications structurales qui, bien que peu etudiees, sont largement decrite dans la litterature comme source d’amelioration des proprietes thermoelectriques. L’objectif principal de ce travail a ete de proposer une nouvelle methode de synthese permettant d’elaborer des nanoparticules de bismuth metal stable a l’air avec une taille inferieure a 10 nm. La premiere partie de nos recherches a ete consacree a l’etude des mecanismes de reduction radiolytique du perchlorate de bismuth en solution aqueuse avec et sans polymeres. Puis a partir de ces resultats, nous avons mis au point un procede original de synthese de reseaux de nanoparticules metalliques dont l’essentiel consiste a reduire le sel precurseur in situ au sein d’une matrice de silice mesoporeuse par voie radiolytique. Ces reseaux, selon la nature de la silice, peuvent etre desordonnes ou organises. Dans ce dernier cas, de nouvelles perspectives s’ouvrent dans le developpement des materiaux thermoelectrique bases sur le principe de la filtration des porteurs de charges et des phonons par confinement quantique.
Independence test of a continuous random variable and a discrete random variable

In many cases, we are interested in identifying independence between variables. For continuous random variables, correlation coefficients are often used to describe the relationship between variables; however, correlation does not imply independence. For finite discrete random variables, we can use the Pearson chi-square test to find independency. For the mixed type of continuous and discrete random variables, we do not have a general type of independent test. In this study, we develop a independence test of a continuous random variable and a discrete random variable without assuming a specific distribution using kernel density estimation. We provide some statistical criteria to test independence under some special settings and apply the proposed independence test to Pima Indian diabetes data. Through simulations, we calculate false positive rates and true positive rates to compare the proposed test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.
Remedying Sound Source Separation via Azimuth Discrimination and Re-synthesis

Commercially recorded music since the 1950s has been mixed down from many input sound sources to a two-channel reproduction of these sources. The effect of this approach is to assign sources to locations in a stereo field using a pan-position for each source. The Adress algorithm is a popular way of extracting individual music sound sources from a stereo mixture. A drawback of the Adress algorithm is that when time-frequency components in the stereo mixture are shared between two or more sources, calculating the inter-aural intensity scaling parameter for each source for that time-frequency component is challenging. We show how to obtain a good quality inverse of the pan-mixing process in the time-frequency components which are shared between different sources using a new method called Redress. We demonstrate that we can estimate how much of each source is active in time-frequency components which are shared between sources for two and three-source music mixtures. The consequence of this is that audible artefacts are not as prominent in the source estimates.
Sequence-controlled polymers : synthesis, self-assembly, and properties

Contents Preface 1. An Introduction to Sequence-Controlled Polymers BIOLOGICAL POLYMERS AND BIO-INSPIRED METHODS 2. The Language of Protein Polymers 3. Precision Sequence Control in Bioinspired Peptoid Polymers 4. Peptide-Polymer Conjugates as Model Systems To Explore the Functional Space of Precision Polymers 5. DNA-Templated Chemistries for Sequence Controlled Oligomer Synthesis 6. Recent Advances in Solid Phase Polymer Synthesis: Polyamides from Tailor-Made Building Blocks 7. Solid-Phase Synthesis as a Tool for the Preparation of Sequence-Defined Oligomers Based on Natural Amino Acids and Synthetic Building Blocks SEQUENCE REGULATION IN SYNTHETIC POLYMERIZATION 8. Synthesis of Sequence-Controlled Copolymers Using Time-Regulated Additions of N-Substituted Maleimides in Styrenic Radical Polymerizations 9. RAFT for the Control of Monomer Sequence Distribution - Single Unit Monomer Insertion (SUMI) into Dithiobenzoate RAFT Agents 10. Selective Single Monomer Radical Addition via Template-Assisted Ring Closure: A Feasibility Study toward Sequence Control in Vinyl Polymers with Peptide Templates 11. Sequence-Controlled Polymers by Ruthenium-Mediated Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization 12. Synthesis of Side-Chain-Sequenced Copolymers Using Vinyl Oligomonomers via Sequential Single-Monomer ATRA 13. Cu(0)-Mediated Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization: A Tool for Precise Multiblock Copolymer Synthesis 14. The Rationale Behind Sequence-Controlled Maleimide Copolymers 15. Sequence-Regulated Polymers via Combination of Orthogonal Passerini Three-Component Reaction and Thiol-ene Reaction 16. Sequence-Controlled Polymerization Guided by Aryl-Fluoroaryl pi-Stacking 17. Sequence-Regulated Polymers via Living Radical Polymerization: From Design to Properties and Functions PROPERTIES AND FUNCTIONS OF SEQUENCE-CONTROLLED POLYMERS 18. Engineering Hydrolytic Degradation Behavior of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) through Precise Control of Monomer Sequence 19. Gradient Sequence pi-Conjugated Copolymers 20. Sequence-Controlled Radical Copolymerization for the Design of High-Performanced Transparent Polymer Materials 21. Dynamic Single Chain Polymeric Nanoparticles: From Structure to Function 22. Sequence-Controlled Multi-Block Glycopolymers via Cu(0) Mediated Living Radical Polymerization 23. Sequence-Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerization: Synthesis of New Polyester Structures 24. Organic Synthesis of Periodic 2D Polymers 25. Sequence Matters: Determining the Sequence Effect of Electronic Structure Properties in pi-Conjugated Polymers Editors' Biographies Indexes Author Index Subject Index