Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In vitro Antifungal Activity of a 29-kDa Glycoprotein Purified from the Galls of Quercus infectoria

The antifungal activity of 30 medicinal plants belonging to different families was tested in vitro on the phytopathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. The results revealed that protein extract from the galls of Quercus infectoria belonging to Fagaceae family was highly effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of R. solani. The gall extract of Q. infectoria also inhibited the growth of other agronomically important fungal pathogens viz. Fusarium oxysporum, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Macrophomina phaseolina, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Magnaporthe salvinii, Cochliobolus lunatus, Alternaria solani, Pythium aphanidermatum and Colletotrichum falcatum. A 29-kDa glycoprotein was purified from the galls of Q. infectoria by ammonium sulphate fractionation followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 column. The purified protein showed the absorption maxima at 640 nm and 308 nm. The purified protein was stable even after heating at 100 °C for 10 min or autoclaving at 121 °C for 20 min. When the 29-kDa protein was treated with NaIO4 and pronase the antifungal activity was drastically reduced. The 29-kDa protein inhibited the mycelial growth of R. solani and C. miyabeanus at 2 µg level.
Identification and classification of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells from peripheral blood by using Raman spectroscopy

In this work we have used the Raman spectroscopy to identify and classify normal B cells, collected from different healthy patients, versus three different B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) cell lines (RS4;11, REH and MN60), by analyzing their biochemical features. Moreover, we have studied the effects of low-dose treatments of methotrexate (MTX), a key drug generally used in the BALL maintenance therapy, and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), a drug used in the maintenance therapy of a different leukemic disease [1]. We have found a regression of the disease in the three B-ALL cell lines after MTX-treatments, while there were no effects after ATRA treatments. In order to quantify the capability of our system to classify leukemia/normal cells, we performed Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and obtained an accuracy of 97% for differentiating between three leukemia cell lines. In addition, we obtained a high accuracy (about 99%) in the classification of normal B cells versus the three B-ALL cell lines after MTX-treatments.
Modeling patterns of farm diversification in a Dutch landscape

In agrarische landschappen zijn het de beslissingen van de agrariers die medebepalend zijn voor zowel het aanbod als de kwaliteit van de voortgebrachte landschapsdiensten. Het doel van dit proefschrift is inzicht te verschaffen in de ruimtelijke patronen van bedrijfsdiversificatie en na te gaan hoe deze patronen mogelijk in de toekomst zouden kunnen veranderen. De studie richt zich op de Gelderse Vallei
Is brood care in Nephrops norvegicus during hypoxia adaptive or a waste of energy

Summary 1We examined if the lobster Nephrops norvegicus exhibits active brood care and if oxygen shortage modifies such behaviour. Furthermore, adult caring behaviour was related to embryonic tolerance and cardiac response of developing embryos. 2Brood care behaviour was measured as irrigation (pleopod activity) in ovigerous and non-ovigerous females when exposed to normoxia and acute hypoxia. Survival and heart rate was analysed in embryos when exposed to acute and chronic progressive hypoxia. 3Females carrying eggs in late developmental stages exhibited brood irrigation in normoxic conditions (> 90% oxygen saturation) and the behaviour was also initiated in females with early eggs when exposed to hypoxia (30% oxygen saturation). 4Both early and late embryos survived acute exposure to 5–95% oxygen saturation Early embryos also survived chronic progressive exposure down to 5% oxygen saturation, while late embryos displayed premature hatching (< 16% oxygen saturation) and decreased survival rate (< 7% oxygen saturation). Late embryos exhibited a linear bradycardia when exposed to < 30% oxygen saturation Heartbeat pausing (intermittence) was frequent at high oxygen concentrations, whereas double heartbeats mainly occurred at < 20% oxygen saturation.
Oral Desensitization in Nursling with Cow’s Milk Allergy

Food allergy is a major public health problem affecting nearly 10 % of children in most industrialized countries. Unfortunately, there are no effective therapies for food allergy, relegating patients to simply avoid the offending foods and treating the reactions which occur on accidental exposure. Recently however, studies suggest that food immunotherapy may provide a promising new approach to food allergy, particularly using the oral form of immunotherapy (OIT). Enthusiasm for this approach though must be tempered because of the significant allergic reactions that often occur with OIT that tends to limit its use to patients with less severe disease. Actually this technique of desensitization is applied in child with ages over 5 years old, because many investigators think that this is the frontier from which the allergy is persistent all the life, and before this age the possibilities of natural tolerance to milk is very much probability. In contrast to this, are few investigational groups dedicated to try to desensitize children under 1 years old, and less in the first 6 months of the life, due to the high possibilities of secondary reactions, especially anaphylaxis.
Impacts of Incentive-Based Intervention on Peak Period Traffic

Incentive-based travel demand management strategies are gaining increasing attention because they are generally considered more acceptable by the traveling public and policy makers. This study presented a detailed analysis and modeling effort aimed at understanding how incentives affected traveler choices by using data collected from a reward-based experiment conducted in 2006 in the Netherlands. The incentive-based scheme analyzed in this study included monetary rewards or credit toward obtaining a smartphone with a view to motivating commuters to change their choice of departure time out of the peak period or to shift their mode of travel. The mixed panel multinomial logit modeling approach adopted in this study was able to isolate the impacts of incentives on behavioral choices while accounting for variations in such impacts across socioeconomic groups that might have been due to unobserved individual preferences and constraints. The model also shed light on the effects of behavioral inertia, in which individuals were prone to continue their past behavior even when it was no longer optimal. Finally, the study offered insights on the extent to which behavioral changes persisted after termination of the incentive period. In general, it was found that incentives were effective in changing behavior and overcame inertial effects; however, individuals largely reverted to their original behavior when the rewards were eliminated. This finding suggests that incentives need to be provided for a sustained period to bring about lasting change.
Stops for Cops

Response to an emergency vehicle requires detection and recognition of an object in peripheral vision, situation recognition, and a rapid response to execute a safety maneuver to decrease the potential for crashing into the vehicle or striking people situated near it. To investigate situation awareness and response to a roadway emergency in at-risk elderly drivers, 149 licensed older drivers were tested with a battery of visual and cognitive tests and in a driving simulator scenario in which drivers encountered a police car on the shoulder of the road. Forty-eight drivers (mean age of 73.5) had cognitive impairments caused by mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease, and 101 (mean age of 69.3 years) were neurologically normal. Results showed that compared with controls, drivers with Alzheimer's reacted more slowly (P = 0.0008)—with abrupt decelerations resulting—or failed to steer clear of the police car (P = 0.0036). Several older drivers stopped in the middle of the road. Poorer scores on neuropsychological tests of perception, attention, memory, and executive function predicted slower first reactions and increased the risk of inappropriate and potentially unsafe reactions. These results provide evidence that cognitive errors leading to unsafe driver behaviors can be tested safely in a simulator. The findings suggest that there is decreased situation awareness or poor executive control over response implementation in older drivers with cognitive decline, possibly at the level of selecting one of several possible learned evasive motor actions.
2D vs. 3D Cell Culture Models for In Vitro Topical (Dermatological) Medication Testing

Due to ethical concerns regarding animal testing, alternative methods have been in devel- opment to test the efficacy and safety of pharmaceutical products and medications, specif ically topical (dermatological) medications. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) skin cell cultures are examples of in vitro methods used as an alternative to animal testing. The first skin cells cultured were keratinocytes, a type of cell predominantly in the epidermal layer of the skin. However, with differences in skin characteristics and pathophysiology of different skin conditions, various skin cell cultures and models to better mimic these differences have been developed. These cell cultures include not only keratinocytes but also other skin cell types, such as fibroblasts, which are predominantly in the dermal layer of the skin, and certain immune cells and even melanocytes. To have a better understanding of the type of cell cultures used for testing dermatological prod - ucts, this chapter aims to outline the differences between 2D and 3D skin cell cultures while considering the advantages and disadvantages of each culture. Different types of cell culture models used for wound healing and for inflammatory skin conditions such as psoriasis will also be discussed.
The Appropriateness of Puppet‐Rearing Birds for Reintroduction

Abstract: Captive propagation and reintroduction programs for rare and endangered species rarely include testing of techniques prior to initiation of recovery efforts. To experimentally test the effects of rearing social, altricial birds with or without a conspecific, parental model (a puppet), we used Common Ravens (Corvus corax) in southwestern Idaho as surrogates for the endangered Hawaiian Crow (Corvus hawaiiensis) and Mariana Crow (Corvus kubaryi). A puppet is believed to reduce sexual and filial imprinting on human caretakers. We raised 49 ravens without a puppet and 25 ravens with a puppet. We initiated puppet‐rearing when birds were 7 days of age and continued until 60 days of age, when nestlings could eat well on their own. The influence of puppet‐rearing was tested as part of a factorial design that also tested for the effects of conspecific tutoring and age at release. Rearing ravens with a puppet did not affect social behaviors prior to release, dispersal from the release area, or integration with wild birds after release. Ravens raised with a puppet, however, were more fearful of caretakers and more vigilant prior to release, characteristics that may have improved their chances for survival after release. It is important for researchers to consider the species and the desired pre‐ and post‐release behaviors to determine if rearing with a puppet is appropriate for their recovery efforts. These considerations can be taken into account by using a surrogate species prior to recovery efforts and creative management approaches in the initial phases of an endangered species recovery program.
Describing the dynamics of wave propaga- tion by perturbed eigen-states, i.e. coupled mode theory Example: optical waveguide arrays

Optics typically deals with continuous objects, i.e., the electromagnetic fields are continuous functions of space and time. However, discreteness is a fundamental topic of research in modern physics. Not only that matter is inherently discrete; also some complex macroscopic systems can be advantageously described by discrete models. Here we are going to explore optics in a limit where the dynamics of continuous light waves is comparable to that of a discrete system. More precisely we want to investigate optical waveguide arrays, a schematic of which is shown in Fig. 1.1. It consists of a number of waveguides, each of them supporting a single guided mode. Due to a slight overlap of the individual modes they are allowed to mutually exchange their energy. Discreteness Looking at Fig. 1.1 we can think of a waveguide array as being a merger of two limits, i.e., of a slab and of a rib waveguide. While the first limit is approached for a decreasing separation of the individual guides, the second limit is achieved for a large separation with vanishing interaction. Both limits are accounted for by two distinct approaches to describe the evolution of the fields in waveguide arrays. First, there is the Floquet-Bloch analysis, where the waveguide array is regarded as a general one-dimensional periodic optical structure with an arbitrary weak index modulation. Second, the so-called tight-binding approximation or coupled-mode theory describes efficiently the interaction of well separated guides as a minor perturbation. Both
Quaternary Codes

From the Publisher: In recent years quaternary codes have attracted the attention of the coding community as several notorious binary nonlinear codes containing more codewords than any known linear codes were found to be binary images under the Gray map of linear codes over Z 4 This discovery opens the way for a broader study of quaternary codes, which constitute a rapidly growing area of coding theory. This book is based on the author's lectures in Xi'an, China and Lurid, Sweden and covets the most recent developments of this theory.
Crash Estimation at Signalized Intersections along Corridors

Intersections could be considered as isolated when the distance between them is long because, the influence between them is negligible. Signalized intersections, especially closer ones along a certain corridor, are spatially correlated and will influence each other in many respects. Use of the basic negative binomial regression for correlated crash frequency data leads to invalid statistical inference due to incorrect test statistics and standard errors that are based on the misspecified variance. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) provide an extension of generalized linear models to the analysis of correlated data and can account for the spatial correlation among signalized intersections. In this study, 476 signalized intersections from 41 corridors are selected in Orange, Brevard, and Miami–Dade Counties in Florida. Because the distance between some intersections along some corridors is very long, the intersections along the 41 corridors were divided into 116 clusters. The spatially correlated crash frequency data were fitted through use of GEE models with a negative binomial link function for three correlation structures. Subsequent relative effect analysis identified the relative significance for the variables in the models. Intersections with a large total number of lanes, heavy traffic, short signal spacing, high speed limits along corridors, and a large number of phases per cycle were correlated with high crash frequencies. Intersections having three legs, with exclusive right-turn lanes on both roadways, having a protected phase for left-turning traffic from a corridor, and located in open county or primarily residential areas had lower crash frequencies.
Bold Hearts Team Description RoboCup 2016 Kid Size

In this paper we describe the RoboCup Humanoid Kid Size division of team Bold Hearts, the RoboCup team of the University of Hertfordshire, in Hatﬁeld UK. We discuss construction and aspects of our software architecture, as well as some of our solutions to important problems such as action selection, vision, stability, and sensorimotor modeling. Finally, we provide an overview of the relevant experience and achievements of our team.
Restraint Use by Children Involved in Crashes in Hawaii, 1986–1991

The use of child safety seats for crash-involved children in Hawaii from 1986 through 1991 is described. Child safety seat use increased over this period, whereas unrestrained children and belt use for children decreased. Male drivers are more likely to have unrestrained infants; female drivers are more likely to have unrestrained toddlers. Toddlers are more likely to be unrestrained in automobiles and trucks, and infants are more likely to be unrestrained in vans, on the freeway, during nighttime hours, and in urban areas. Child-restraint use for infants is twice the rate for toddlers, and infants are less likely to suffer nonincapacitating, incapacitating, and fatal injuries. A logistic regression model shows that children riding in automobiles are less likely to be restrained; belted drivers are far more likely to restrain children; and one- and two-year-olds are less likely to be restrained. Separate logistic regressions for crash types reveals that restrained children are less likely to suffer a non-incapacitating, incapacitating, or fatal injury in head-on and rear-end crashes and more likely to sustain injuries in broadside crashes.
Crop coefficients and yield response factors for onion (Allium Cepa. L) under deficit irrigation and mulch practices in Samaru, Nigeria

This report presents a study of crop coefficient (Kc) and yield response factors (Ky) for onion crop cultivated under deficit irrigation and different mulch covers in Samaru, Northern Nigeria. The field experiments were conducted at the irrigation fields of the Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) irrigation field in 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 irrigation seasons using surface irrigation method. The experiments consisted of 16 treatments in each season. They comprised of four levels of water application depths (25, 50, 75, and 100% of weekly reference evapotranspiration (WRET)) and four levels of mulching (no-mulch, using rice straws, black and transparent polyethylene materials). Water applied per irrigation and soil moisture contents before and after irrigation was monitored throughout the seasons, while onion bulbs were harvested at the end of season and weighed. Average daily crop water use (crop consumptive use) were estimated from the soil moisture content using the soil moisture depletion method, while daily reference evapotranspiration (ETo) were computed from weather data using the FAO-Penman Montieth method. Crop coefficient values (Kc) were computed as the ratio of crop water use to ETo. The water stress coefficients (Ks) were computed by relating crop coefficient of the fully irrigated treatments to the deficit irrigated treatments. The yield response factor (Ky) were obtained by relating relative yield decreases to relative crop water use deficits. The study showed that crop water use of the onion crop decreased with increase in irrigation deficit. Applying water at 50% WRET reduced peak consumptive use of the onion crop by about 20%, while applying water at 25% WRET reduced crop water use by about 40%. Kc values of fully irrigated treatments ranged from 0.39 to 1.15, while Kc values of the deficit irrigated treatments varied from 0.24 to 1.13. Mulch materials did not significantly influence crop coefficient, but deficit irrigation did. Kc decreased with increase in water deficit with resultant water stress coefficients (Ks) ranging from 0.59 to 0.96. The relative yield decreases of the onion crop were proportionally greater with increase in evapotranspiration deficit for both mulched and no-mulch conditions. However, the proportional decrease in yield under the nomulch condition was much higher than the mulched condition. Among the mulch materials, the proportional decrease in yield in the polyethylene materials were over 10% lower than the rice straw mulch. The Ky of the onion crop under no-mulch condition was 1.15, while Ky values for the mulched treatments were 1.13, 1.00 and 1.05 for rice straw-, white polyethylene-, and black polyethylene- mulch, respectively. The crop coefficients and yield response factors developed in this study are reliable as they had similar trends in two seasons, and could be used in irrigation design and scheduling for onion in the study area.
Catalogue of the Hepaticae of Guadeloupe

Since 1839 the island of Guadeloupe has been systematically explored for hepatics. The first published account, however, did not appear until 1875 when T. Husnot' published a list comprising 57 species from material he had collected in Guadeloupe and Martinique in 1868. Of these 57 species 47 belonged to the flora of Guadeloupe. The next report, which appeared in 1893, was that of E. Bescherelle2 in which 148 species were listed from the French Antilles (Martinique and Guadeloupe). Of the 148 species 133 were to be found in Guadeloupe. Bescherelle's account was based on material collected by Beaupertuis (1839), Perrottet (1842), Grateloup (1844), L'Herminier (1843-1862), Duchassaing (1847), Husnot (1868), Ed. Marie and Lefebvre (1877). The last published record of the Hepaticae of Guadeloupe was made by Pere Duss3 in 1903 in which he listed 218 species, based on material he had collected during the years 1887 to 1903. Of these 218 species 178 belonged to Guadeloupe. In 1940 M. Adrien Questel of Pointe-a-Pitre, Guadeloupe, sent to the writer for study a collection of hepatics comprising 62 species.
Fastlane

The heterogeneity of traffic is a significant if not dominant factor in accurately modeling freeway traffic flow operations. For example, high truck percentages may induce congestion at much lower volumes, and hence different network traffic conditions may result than with low truck percentages. This implies that traffic models for real-time decision support systems in traffic management centers should provide the means to account for traffic heterogeneity. A new, multiclass, first-order traffic model is presented that provides these means and is implemented in the decision-support system BOSS-Offline, operational in all five highway traffic management centers in the Netherlands. FASTLANE differs from earlier multiclass first-order macroscopic traffic models in that it calculates the dynamics in terms of state-dependent (instead of constant) passenger-car equivalents, which is in line with both theory and empirical microscopic data. The model is numerically solved by an efficient and stable Godunov-based solver while maintaining a dynamic and realistic representation of class-specific flows and densities throughout the network. In two synthetic test cases and one based on real data, the workings of FASTLANE under different truck percentages and different conditions are demonstrated.
Impact of Mobile Phones on Travel

Mobile phones are indispensable and ubiquitous tools that afford unprecedented levels of connectivity and accessibility to millions of users. A study investigated the influence of mobile phones on three travel-related dimensions: unplanned activity chaining, unplanned rideshares arranged by using mobile phones, and shopping by phone. These dimensions were investigated by using data from 400 workers in the city of Chennai, India. The results reveal that mobile phones significantly affect not only these travel dimensions but also activity participation. The data also provide evidence that social connectivity, activity characteristics, mobile phone use, and travel patterns are all strongly interlinked. Individual characteristics, such as flexible time and duration of working hours, and personal and household characteristics, such as age, gender, and vehicle availability, were found to be influential. The impact of mobile phones on the dimensions of unplanned stop making, ridesharing, and shopping trip substitution can have important practical implications for mode choice modeling, vehicle occupancy increase measures, and congestion alleviation measures.