Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved Term Selection Algorithm Based on Variance in Text Categorization

This article improves the algorithm of term weighting in automated text classification. The traditional TFIDF algorithm is a common method that is used to measure term weighting in text classification.However, the algorithm does not take the distribution of terms in inter-class. In order to solve the problem, variance which describes the distribution of terms in inter-class and intra-class is used to revise TFIDF algorithm. This article mainly researched about the construction of LFHW term sets and new approaches to term weighting, These new approaches are also applied to the hierarchical classification system.Compared with traditional TFIDF algorithm ,the results of simulation experiment have demonstrated that the improved TFIDF algorithm can get better classification results.
5 Inductive Game Theory : A Basic Scenario

1.1 General motivations In game theory and economics it is customary to assume, often implicitly and sometimes explicitly, that each player has well formed beliefs/knowledge of the game he plays. Various frameworks have been prepared for explicit analyses of this subject. However, the more basic question of where a personal understanding of the game comes from is left unexplored. In some situations such as parlour games, it might not be important to ask the source of a player’s understanding. The rules of parlour games are often described clearly in a rule book. However, in social and economic situations, which are main target areas for game theory, the rules of the game are not clearly specified anywhere. In those cases, players need some other sources for their beliefs/knowledge. One ultimate source for a player’s understanding is his individual experiences of playing the game. The purpose of this paper is to develop and to present a theory about the origin and emergence of individual beliefs/knowledge from the individual experiences of players with bounded cognitive abilities. People often behave naturally and effectively without much conscious effort to understand the world in which they live. For example, we may work, socialize, exercise, eat, sleep, without consciously thinking about the structure of our social situation. Nevertheless, experiences of these activities may influence our understanding and thoughts about society. We regard these experiences as important sources for the formation of an individual understanding of society. Treating particular experiences as the ultimate source of general beliefs/knowledge is an inductive process. Induction is differentiated from deduction in the way that induction is a process of deriving a general statement from a finite number of observations, while deduction is a process of deriving conclusions with the same or less logical content with well-formed inference rules from given premises. Formation of beliefs/knowledge about social games from individual experiences is typically an inductive process. Thus, we will call our theory inductive game theory, as was done in Kaneko-Matsui [18]. In fact, economic theory has had a long tradition of using arguments about learning by experiences to explain how players come to know the structure of their economy. Even in introductory microeconomics textbooks, the scientific method of analysis is discussed: collecting data, formulating hypotheses, predicting, behaving, checking, and updating. Strictly speaking,
Carbon residence time in above-ground and below-ground biomass of a grazed grassland community

The mean residence time of carbon in the above- and below-ground biomass of an intensively grazed grassland was analyzed with continuous 13CO2/12CO2-labelling in the field. The mean residence time of carbon in the above-ground biomass was approximately 20 days and was related to the leaf life-span of the dominant species. However, leaf life-span was approximately two times longer (40 days). The mean residence time of carbon in the below-ground biomass was approximately 1 year.
Overview of Transgenic Mouse Models for Alzheimer's Disease

This review describes several transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that causes progressive cognitive decline and is diagnosed postmortem by the presence of extracellular amyloid‐β (Aβ) plaques and intraneuronal tau neurofibrillary tangles in the cerebral cortex. Currently there is no intervention that cures, prevents, or even slows disease progression. Its complex etiology and pathology pose significant challenges for animal model development, and there is no single model that faithfully recapitulates both the pathological aspects and behavioral phenotypes of AD. Nearly 200 transgenic rodent models of AD have been generated primarily based on mutations linked to Aβ protein misprocessing in the familial form of the disease. More recent models incorporate mutations in tau protein, as well as mutations associated with the sporadic form of the disease. The salient features, strengths, limitations, and key differentiators for the most commonly used and best characterized of these models are considered here. While the translational utility of many of these models to assess the potential of novel therapeutics is in dispute, knowledge of the different models available and a detailed understanding of their features can aid in the selection of the optimal model to explore disease mechanisms or evaluate candidate medications. We comment on the predictive utility of these models considering recent clinical trial failures and discuss trends and future directions in the development of models for AD based on the plethora of clinical data that have been generated over the last decade. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effects of natural vegetative restoration on soil fungal and bacterial communities in bare patches of the southern Taihang Mountains

Abstract Understanding the distribution and composition of soil microbes in bare patches is a critical step to improving ecological remediation. The effects of different vegetative restoration types on soil microbes within semi‐arid bare patches remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the distribution of soil fungi and bacteria among different ecological restoration types at the southern Taihang Mountains. Analysis of variance showed that the chemical properties of soil with vegetation cover have higher nutrient quality than those of the exposed soil. The results also suggested that vegetative restoration significantly improved the diversity and the richness of the soil fungal and bacterial communities. Sequencing results showed that Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the main soil fungal communities, whereas Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the main soil bacterial communities. There were significant relationships between the contents of moisture, organic matter and organic carbon and the soil fungal/bacterial communities. Venn and network diagrams indicated that the vegetative restoration types largely influenced the soil fungi and weakly influenced the soil bacteria in the bare patches. This study discusses the importance of vegetative restoration in the ecological remediation of bare patches. These findings provide effective references for soil restorative measures, water conservation, and bare‐spot reduction at the southern Taihang Mountains in future.
Selection on mutators is not frequency-dependent

The evolutionary fate of mutator mutations – i.e., genetic variants that raise the genome-wide mutation rate – in asexual populations is often described as being frequency (or number) dependent. This common intuition suggests that mutators can invade a population by hitchhiking with a sweeping beneficial mutation, but only when sufficiently frequent to produce such a mutation before non-mutators do. Here, we use stochastic, agent-based simulations to show that neither the strength nor the sign of selection on mutators depend on their initial frequency, and while the overall probability of hitchhiking increases predictably with frequency, the per-capita probability of fixation remains unchanged.
Evaluation of Mesotrione Tolerance Levels and [14C]mesotrione Absorption and Translocation in Three Fine Fescue Species

Abstract Fine fescues (Festuca spp.) are cool-season grasses used in low-maintenance turf areas. Mesotrione is a PRE and early-POST herbicide used during establishment of most cool-season turfgrasses, excluding fine fescues. Currently, efforts are being made to breed for increased tolerance to mesotrione in fine fescues to enhance weed control during establishment. This study was conducted to evaluate the association of foliar and root uptake of [14C]mesotrione with the tolerance of three lines each of Chewings fescue [Festuca rubra ssp. commutata Gaudin; syn. F. rubra ssp. fallax (Thuill.) Nyman], hard fescue [Festuca trachyphylla (Hack.) Hack. ], and strong creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. ssp. rubra) lines. From a rate-titration experiment, the hierarchical rank of species for mesotrione tolerance from highest to lowest was: hard > Chewings > strong creeping red fescue. The hierarchical rank of species for foliar uptake from highest to lowest was: Chewings > strong creeping red > hard fescue. Translocation of foliar-absorbed 14C was not associated with differential tolerance levels of the three species. Root absorption was comparable among species, but differences between lines were detected within the species. The most susceptible lines of Chewings and strong creeping red fescue exhibited greater root uptake than lines with greater tolerance. Hard fescue translocated the least amount of root-absorbed radioactivity to shoots, while Chewings and strong creeping red fescues were comparable.
ROBUSTNESS PROPERTIES OF A CLASS OF MODEL INVERSE ILC ALGORITHMS

In this paper, the subject is the robustness and noise rejection properties of an inverse type iterative learning control algorithm. As a new result it is shown that by adapting the learning gain as a function of trial number it is possible to produce a more accurate limiting error even when the plant is subject to measurement noise. This result is experimentally veri ed on an industrial-scale gantry robot system.
A Survey of High Performance Concrete Developments in Civil Engineering Field

High Performance concrete (HPC) has received increased attention in the development of infrastructure Viz., Buildings, Industrial Structures, Hydraulic Structures, Bridges and Highways etc. leading to utilization of large quantity of concrete. This paper presents a comprehensive coverage of High Performance concrete developments in civil engineering field. It highlights the High Performance concrete features and requirements over conventional concrete. Furthermore, recent trends with regard to High Performance Concrete development in this area are explored. This paper also includes effect of Mineral and Chemical Admixtures used to improve performance of concrete.
Optimization of the low frequency noise for the dash panel based on experiment and simulation

Firstly, the simulation modal of the dash panel is computed and then compared with the experimental one in this paper to verify its reliability. Then, hybrid FE-SEA model of the dash panel is built to compute its transmission loss. There is an obvious valley value in the computational result. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to conduct sound transfer path analysis, and the key region is obtained. Topology optimization is conducted on this region, and transmission loss of the optimized structure is then computed and compared with that of the original structure. Transmission loss in the mid-low frequency is improved obviously. Sound package is also applied in the key region of the dash panel, and transmission loss is also computed and compared with that of the original and optimized structure. The results show that topology optimization is better for improving noise at the mid-low frequency. Finally, the optimized results are verified by the experiment.
A knapsack problem with mixed distributional weight

In this paper we present a knapsack problem whose weight parameter is a mixture of two known distributions (Exponential and Gamma). This problem gives room for the overflowed items which perhaps will help in minimizing the penalty due to the loss of goodwill. An algebraic model is proposed for solving the problem. The behaviors of the mixture of these two distributions are also presented graphically.
The relevance of dominance and functional annotations to predict agronomic traits in hybrid maize

Heterosis has been key to the development of maize breeding but describing its genetic basis has been challenging. Previous studies of heterosis have shown the contribution of within-locus complementation effects (dominance) and their differential importance across genomic regions. However, they have generally considered panels of limited genetic diversity and have shown little benefit to including dominance effects for predicting genotypic value in breeding populations. This study examined within-locus complementation and enrichment of genetic effects by functional classes in maize. We based our analyses on a diverse panel of inbred lines crossed with two testers representative of the major heterotic groups in the United States (1,106 hybrids), as well as a collection of 24 biparental populations crossed with a single tester (1,640 hybrids). We assayed three agronomic traits: days to silking (DTS), plant height (PH) and grain yield (GY). Our results point to the presence of dominance for all traits, but also among-locus complementation (epistasis) for DTS and genotype-by-environment interactions for GY. Consistently, dominance improved genomic prediction for PH only. In addition, we assessed enrichment of genetic effects in classes defined by genic regions (gene annotation), structural features (recombination rate and chromatin openness), and evolutionary features (minor allele frequency and evolutionary constraint). We found support for enrichment in genic regions and subsequent improvement of genomic prediction for all traits. Our results point to mechanisms by which heterosis arises through local complementation in proximal gene regions and suggest the relevance of dominance and gene annotations for genomic prediction in maize.
Valence-band structure of highly efficient p -type thermoelectric PbTe-PbS alloys

Experimental evidence is given relevant to the temperature-dependence of valence band structure of PbTe and PbTe1-xSx alloys (0.04≤x≤0.12), and its effect on the thermoelectric figure of merit zT. The x = 0.08 sample has zT ~ 1.55 at 773K. The magnetic field dependence of the hightemperature Hall resistivity of heavily p-type (> 10 cm) Na-doped PbTe1-xSx reveals the presence of high-mobility electrons. This casts doubts on prior analyses of the Hall coefficient suggesting that temperature induces a rapid rise in energy of the “heavy” hole relative to the “light” hole bands. The electron-like behavior is likely induced by the topology of the Fermi surface when the L and Σ-bands merge. Negative values for the low-temperature thermopower are also observed. The data show that PbTe continues to be a direct gap semiconductor at temperatures where the zT and Sσ of p-type PbTe are optimal e.g. 700-900K.
Ophidiiform fishes from the Oligocene-early Miocene of Moravia, Czech Republic

and inhabit a variety of environments, from abyssal trenches to shallow marine biotopes, including coral reefs. Several ophidiiforms enter brackish and freshwaters, and a few species are inquilines (e.g. Markle & Olney 1990, Nielsen et al. 1999, Nelson et al. 2016). Despite this remarkable ability to adapt to various environments, the group seems to be rather conservative from a mor­ phological point of view, showing an elongate body with dorsal and anal fins usually continuous and convergent with the caudal fin and thoracic or jugular pelvic fins (if present at all). The group is currently regarded as occupying a basal position within the Percomorphacea (Chen et al. 2014). Although some authors have pointed out that the absence of synapomorphies for the order does not allow the recognition of its monophyletic status (e.g. Rosen 1985), Carnevale & Johnson (2015) reported the exclusion of the supraoccipital from the posterior margin of the neurocranium as a putative synapomorphy of ophidiiforms (see also Howes 1992). Its higher classification is usually considered as relatively stable, with two suborders containing two families each (for details regarding classification see, e.g. Nielsen et al. 1999, Nelson et al. 2016). The fossil record of the Ophidiiformes is well docu­ mented by isolated otoliths that indicates a considerable diversity during the Paleogene (e.g. Nolf 1980, Schwarz hans 1981), with the present diversity consisting of 119 genera and about 531 species (see Nelson et al. 2016) regarded as a residue of the original splendor of the order (Nolf 2013). The skeletal record of the order is remarkably less rich than that of its otoliths. The oldest skeletal record dates back to the Upper Cretaceous (Carnevale & Johnson 2015), with the species Pastorius methenyi, showing that the modern body plan of the group was already in existence at that time. The oldest Cenozoic records based on articulated skeletal remains date back to the Paleocene–Eocene boundary (Eolamprogrammus senectus from Turk ­ me nistan; Daniltshenko 1968) and to the early Eocene (“Ophidium” voltianum from Italy; Ampheristus tolipiacus from England; Carnevale et al. 2014, Schwarzhans et al. 2018). However, a more complete overview of the skeletal record of this group has recently been given by Carnevale & Johnson (2015). Herein, we focus on the skeletal record of ophidiiform fishes from the Oligocene and early Miocene of the Paratethys. The first Oligocene articulated skeletal specimen of an ophidiiform fish was described by Kramberger (1880) as Brotula (? ) longipinnata from Nikol čice, Moravia, Czech Republic. Coeval deposits exposed in other localities of the same area have provided additional specimens, some of which were tentatively referred to
Control of a Fast Switching Valve for Digital Hydraulics

Fluid power control is dominated by the throttling orifice. This is an inherently inefficient methodology that is responsible for low system efficiencies. The field of digital fluid power seeks to replace the throttling orifice with on-off valves and in the process greatly improve the efficiency of fluid power systems. One implementation of these on-off valves is the Switched Inertance Hydraulic System (SIHS) which operates in a similar way to Switched Mode Power Supplies (SMPS) in power electronics. In order to realise SIHS it is necessary to have valves that can switch large flow rates between high and low pressure supplies quickly. This report details the development of such a valve. It is demonstrated empirically that by using multiple grooves on a single spool a flow rate of 55L/min (at 10bar pressure drop) can be achieved whilst switching in <1ms. This is achieved through cascading a State Variable Feedback (SVF) controller with Iterative Learning Control (ILC) feedforward. The addition of novel stop learning conditions to the simple proportional lag compensated ILC scheme allow the valve to be tested to the limit of its abilities giving a minimum switching time of 0.5ms, where the limitation proved to be the range of the accelerometer used. Using the valve in a SIHS yielded promising initial results with efficiencies above 80\% being achieved across a range of switching ratios.
Behaviour of headed anchor blind bolts embedded in concrete filled circular hollow section column

Blind bolts allow technicians to connect the steel beam and Concrete Filled Circular Hollow Sections (CFCHS) column from the outside of CHS. In addition, using blind bolts as the connection may avoid the brittle behaviour generated by the welded connections. However, there are currently no guidelines and clear understanding of the behaviour of this connection. This paper presents the results of finite element studies on pull-out behaviour of various dimensions of groups of headed anchor blind bolts (HABBs) embedded in CFCHS with various D/t ratios in both 90° and 180° T-stub. Several parameters, such as �� value, additional blind bolt in shear, additional through bolt, D/t ratio, and embedment depth, were investigated to gain a better understanding of the behaviour of this connection.
BET proteins are required for transcriptional activation of the senescent beta cell secretome in Type 1 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) results from progressive loss of pancreatic beta cells due to autoimmune destruction. We recently reported that during the natural history of T1D in humans and the female nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model, beta cells acquire a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that is a major driver of disease onset and progression, but the mechanisms that activate SASP in beta cells were not explored. The objective of this study was to identify transcriptional mechanisms of SASP activation in beta cells. METHODS We used the female NOD mouse model of spontaneous autoimmune T1D and ex vivo experiments on NOD mouse and human islets to test the hypothesis that Bromodomain Extra-Terminal domain (BET) proteins activate the beta cell SASP transcriptional program. RESULTS Here we show that beta cell SASP is transcriptionally controlled by BET proteins, including BRD4. Chromatin analysis of key beta cell SASP genes in NOD islets revealed binding of BRD4 at active regulatory regions. BET protein inhibition in NOD islets diminished not only the transcriptional activation and secretion of SASP factors but also the non-cell autonomous activity. BET protein inhibition also decreased the extent of SASP induction in human islets exposed to DNA damage. The BET protein inhibitor iBET-762 prevented diabetes in NOD mice and also attenuated SASP in beta cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings support a crucial role for BET proteins in the activation of the beta cell SASP transcriptional program. These studies suggest avenues for preventing T1D by transcriptional inhibition of SASP.
Testing the dimensionality of the quality management construct

Numerous empirical studies have conceptualised quality management (QM) as either a multidimensional or unidimensional construct. While few prior studies tested some aspects of the assumed dimensional structure of the construct, no study has been found to have tested the construct's dimensionality using alternative factor analysis models. To gain a better insight into dimensional properties of the QM construct, this paper tests its dimensionality using three confirmatory factor analysis models (oblique factor model, higher-order factor model, and one-factor model) on a subset of data collected in a larger study that investigated the effects of QM on competitive advantage using a sample of 288 hotel managers in Egypt. The results of the three tests indicate that the QM construct is multidimensional. While this study contributes to advancing the QM theory and practice, further studies are needed to investigate the dimensional properties of the construct in greater depth. The results of this study may therefore stimulate research in this area and encourage the much needed debate on the dimensionality of the QM construct.
Molecular évolution of RuBisCO subunits

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