Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase. A regulatory enzyme in the biosynthesis of starch in spinach leaf chloroplasts.

Abstract The spinach leaf adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase has been purified about 260-fold. The enzyme was activated by 3-phosphoglycerate and other glycolytic intermediates, and was inhibited by inorganic phosphate and ADP. Phosphate inhibition could be overcome by increasing 3-phosphoglycerate concentrations. ADP inhibition could be only partially overcome by increasing 3-phosphoglycerate concentrations. The 3-phosphoglycerate saturation curve is hyperbolic at neutral pH. At alkaline pH, however, the curve is sigmoidal. Kinetic studies suggest that the activators fructose diphosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate bind to the same sites as 3-phosphoglycerate. These results suggest a mechanism for the regulation of starch synthesis in spinach leaf chloroplasts.
Intelligent Decision Support System for Power Grid Dispatching Based on Multi-Agent System

This paper introduces an intelligent decision support system based on multi-agent system, the intention of which is to upgrade intelligent level of power grid dispatching. The system utilizes the data from SCADA and fault information system. Based on the integrated data source, a model of agent living environment is presented. More researches are focused on architecture of multi-agent system and cooperative strategy of agents. Finally, a MAS-based decision support system (MASDSS) is established. The application shows MASDSS more advantageous than individual agent in the sides of integrated solving problems, cooperative control and information share.
Membrane integration and topology of the first transmembrane segment in normal and Southeast Asian ovalocytosis human erythrocyte anion exchanger 1

Anion exchanger 1 (AE1, or Band 3) is an integral membrane glycoprotein found in erythrocytes, responsible for the electroneutral exchange of chloride and bicarbonate ions across the plasma membrane. Southeast Asian ovalocytosis (SAO) results from a nine-amino acid deletion in the first transmembrane segment (TM) of the AE1 protein that abolishes its transport function. The effects of the SAO deletion on: (1) the efficiency of integration of TM1 into the membrane, and (2) the precise positioning of TM1 relative to the membrane were investigated using scanning N-glycosylation mutagenesis in a cell-free transcription/translation system and in transfected HEK293 cells. AE1 or SAO constructs containing either the endogenous N-glycosylation site at Asn642 in extracellular loop 4 (EC4) or single N-glycosylation sites engineered into an expanded extracellular loop 1 (EC1) were used. N-glycosylation efficiency of EC1 in the SAO construct was significantly lower than that of the AE1 construct, indicating that the SAO deletion impairs membrane integration of TM1 and the translocation of EC1 across the membrane. Scanning N-glycosylation mapping of EC1 in the cell-free system and in transfected cells showed that the C-terminus of both AE1 and SAO TM1 were at the same position relative to the membrane. Thus, the SAO deletion is likely to cause a pulling-in of the polar amino acid sequence immediately N-terminal to the deletion into the lipid bilayer, allowing SAO TM1 that was inserted to assume a transmembrane disposition.
Combination Topical Therapy for Conjunctival Primary Acquired Melanosis With Atypia and Periocular Lentigo Maligna

Purpose: To report the case of a patient who initially presented with primary acquired melanosis (PAM) without atypia of the conjunctiva and later developed lentigo maligna of the eyelids and PAM with atypia of the conjunctiva. We illustrate the utility of combination topical therapy with adjunctive cryotherapy to treat extensive eyelid and conjunctival lesions. Methods: Case report with a review of the current literature. Results: Combination of imiquimod 5% cream (Aldara, 3M Pharmaceuticals) and cryotherapy for periorbital lentigo maligna with topical interferon-&agr;2b for conjunctival PAM with atypia led to clinical resolution of pigmented lesions for 21 months. Conclusions: In our experience, combination topical therapy provides an effective alternative to surgery with superior cosmetic and functional outcomes.
Highly Accurate Compensation Technique for 10-GHz Pulse Intensity Fluctuation Using SPM-Based All-Optical Intensity Limiter

We report a trial of 10-GHz and highly accurate pulse-by-pulse intensity limiting with a single erbium-doped fiber amplifier for low-power-consumption driving optical limiting. A self-phase modulation-based optical limiter with an appropriate pre-chirping made it possible, which provides high limiting accuracy of less than 0.1 dB at a 10-GHz bit rate. The limiting function was tested in a simulation and an experiment for 10-GHz bit sequence with intensity fluctuation. When fed a 1.6-dB sinusoidal intensity modulation at 2 GHz, the experimental setup successfully achieved optical limiting with 0.1-dB accuracy.
CTIMIT: a speech corpus for the cellular environment with applications to automatic speech recognition

This paper reports on techniques used in the generation of a continuous speech, multi-speaker, cellular bandwidth database and describes its application to automatic speech recognition in the cellular environment. CTIMIT (cellular TIMIT) has been generated by transmitting the TIMIT speech database over the cellular network. The CTIMIT database can have widespread applicability in the design and development of speech processing and speech recognition products for the cellular market. It describes the preliminary collection of the CTIMIT database and reports on several studies designed to test the utility of the database in a phoneme recognition task. Two HMM-based phoneme recognizers were trained using utterances drawn from the TIMIT database and the CTIMIT database, respectively. Each recognizer was then tested using the test utterances from CTIMIT. Phoneme recognition accuracy for the TIMIT-trained recognizer dropped 58% from its baseline performance on TIMIT test utterances. By comparison, phoneme recognition accuracy of the CTIMIT-trained recognizer increased 82% compared to that of the TIMIT-trained recognizer.
Services, Processes and Routines: Literature review and implications

Service management involves building new services by combining and recombining processes and routines. In this paper, we examine the ontological and epistemological perspectives that inform our understanding of the chunks of functionality that are being recombined. Based on a review of 367 influential articles, we identify two very different sets of assumptions about the nature of processes and routines. We discuss the implications of these divergent assumptions for service management.
Replication-Defective Vector Based on a Chimpanzee Adenovirus

ABSTRACT An adenovirus previously isolated from a mesenteric lymph node from a chimpanzee was fully sequenced and found to be similar in overall structure to human adenoviruses. The genome of this virus, called C68, is 36,521 bp in length and is most similar to subgroup E of human adenovirus, with 90% identity in most adenovirus type 4 open reading frames that have been sequenced. Substantial differences in the hexon hypervariable regions were noted between C68 and other known adenoviruses, including adenovirus type 4. Neutralizing antibodies to C68 were highly prevalent in sera from a population of chimpanzees, while sera from humans and rhesus monkeys failed to neutralize C68. Furthermore, infection with C68 was not neutralized from sera of mice immunized with human adenovirus serotypes 2, 4, 5, 7, and 12. A replication-defective version of C68 was created by replacing the E1a and E1b genes with a minigene cassette; this vector was efficiently transcomplemented by the E1 region of human adenovirus type 5. C68 vector transduced a number of human and murine cell lines. This nonhuman adenoviral vector is sufficiently similar to human serotypes to allow growth in 293 cells and transduction of cells expressing the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor. As it is dissimilar in regions such as the hexon hypervariable domains, C68 vector avoids significant cross-neutralization by sera directed against human serotypes.
Temporally controlled somatic mutagenesis in smooth muscle

Summary: Ligand‐dependent site‐specific recombinases are powerful tools to engineer the mouse genome in specific somatic cell types at selected times during pre‐ and postnatal development. Current efforts are primarily directed towards increasing the efficiency of this recombination system in mice. We have generated transgenic mouse lines expressing a tamoxifen‐activated Cre recombinase, CreERT2, under the control of the smooth muscle‐specific SM22 promoter. Both a randomly integrated transgene [SM‐CreERT2(tg)] and a transgene that has been “knocked in” into the endogenous SM22 locus [SM‐CreERT2(ki)] were expressed in smooth muscle‐containing tissues. The level of CreERT2 expression and tamoxifen‐induced recombination was lower in SM‐CreERT2(tg) mice compared with SM‐CreERT2(ki) mice. Whereas no recombinase activity could be detected in vehicle‐treated SM‐CreERT2(ki) mice, administration of tamoxifen induced the excision of a loxP‐flanked reporter transgene in up to 100% of smooth muscle cells. The recombined genome persisted for at least four months after tamoxifen treatment. SM‐CreERT2(ki) transgenic mice should be useful to study the effects of various somatic mutations in smooth muscle. genesis 28:15–22, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular and Cellular Pathobiology Regulation of Monocarboxylate Transporter MCT 1 Expression by p 53 Mediates Inward and Outward Lactate Fluxes in Tumors

The monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) family member MCT1 can transport lactate into and out of tumor cells.Whereasmost oxidative cancer cells import lactate throughMCT1 to fuelmitochondrial respiration, the role ofMCT1 in glycolysis-derived lactate efflux remains less clear. In this study, we identified a direct link between p53 function and MCT1 expression. Under hypoxic conditions, p53 loss promoted MCT1 expression and lactate export produced by elevated glycolytic flux, both in vitro and in vivo. p53 interacted directly with theMCT1 gene promoter and altered MCT1 mRNA stabilization. In hypoxic p53 / tumor cells, NF-kB further supported expression of MCT1 to elevate its levels. Following glucose deprivation, upregulated MCT1 in p53 / cells promoted lactate import and favored cell proliferation by fuelling mitochondrial respiration. We also found that MCT1 expression was increased in human breast tumors harboring p53 mutations and coincident features of hypoxia, with higherMCT1 levels associated with poorer clinical outcomes. Together, our findings identify MCT1 as a target for p53 repression and they suggest that MCT1 elevation in p53-deficient tumors allows them to adapt to metabolic needs by facilitating lactate export or import depending on the glucose availability. Cancer Res; 72(4); 1–10. 2011 AACR.
Perfusion seed cultures improve biopharmaceutical fed‐batch production capacity and product quality

Volumetric productivity and product quality are two key performance indicators for any biopharmaceutical cell culture process. In this work, we showed proof‐of‐concept for improving both through the use of alternating tangential flow perfusion seed cultures coupled with high‐seed fed‐batch production cultures. First, we optimized the perfusion N‐1 stage, the seed train bioreactor stage immediately prior to the production bioreactor stage, to minimize the consumption of perfusion media for one CHO cell line and then successfully applied the optimized perfusion process to a different CHO cell line. Exponential growth was observed throughout the N‐1 duration, reaching >40 × 106 vc/mL at the end of the perfusion N‐1 stage. The cultures were subsequently split into high‐seed (10 × 106 vc/mL) fed‐batch production cultures. This strategy significantly shortened the culture duration. The high‐seed fed‐batch production processes for cell lines A and B reached 5 g/L titer in 12 days, while their respective low‐seed processes reached the same titer in 17 days. The shortened production culture duration potentially generates a 30% increase in manufacturing capacity while yielding comparable product quality. When perfusion N‐1 and high‐seed fed‐batch production were applied to cell line C, higher levels of the active protein were obtained, compared to the low‐seed process. This, combined with correspondingly lower levels of the inactive species, can enhance the overall process yield for the active species. Using three different CHO cell lines, we showed that perfusion seed cultures can optimize capacity utilization and improve process efficiency by increasing volumetric productivity while maintaining or improving product quality. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 30:616–625, 2014
In vivo synthesis of histidine by a cloned histidine ammonia-lyase in Escherichia coli

Histidine ammonia-lyase catalyzes the first step in histidine catabolism, the deamination of histidine to urocanate and ammonia. In vitro experiments have shown that histidine ammonia-lyase also can catalyze the reverse (amination) reaction, histidine synthesis, relatively efficiently under extreme reaction conditions (4 M NH4OH, pH 10). An Escherichia coli hisB deletion strain was transformed with a pBR322 derivative plasmid (pCB101) containing the entire Klebsiella aerogenes histidine utilization (hut) operon to determine whether the catabolic histidine ammonia-lyase could function biosynthetically in vivo to satisfy the histidine auxotrophy. Although the initial construct did not grow on media containing urocanate and ammonia as a source of histidine, spontaneous mutants possessing this ability were isolated. Four mutants characterized grew at doubling times of 4 h compared with 1 h when histidine was present, suggesting that histidine synthesis, although unequivocally present, remained growth limiting. Each mutant contained a plasmid-encoded mutation which eliminated urocanase activity, the second enzyme in the Hut catabolic pathway. This genetic block led to the accumulation of high intracellular levels of urocanate, which was subsequently converted to histidine via histidine ammonia-lyase, thus satisfying the histidine auxotrophic requirement.
Mek2 Is Dispensable for Mouse Growth and Development

ABSTRACT MEK is a dual-specificity kinase that activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase upon agonist binding to receptors. The ERK/MAP kinase cascade is involved in cell fate determination in many organisms. In mammals, this pathway is proposed to regulate cell growth and differentiation. Genetic studies have shown that although a single Mek gene is present in Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and Xenopus laevis, two Mek homologs, Mek1 and Mek2, are present in the mammalian cascade. The inactivation of the Mek1 gene leads to embryonic lethality and has revealed the unique role played by Mek1 during embryogenesis. To investigate the biological function of the second homolog, we have generated mice deficient in Mek2 function. Mek2 mutant mice are viable and fertile, and they do not present flagrant morphological alteration. Although several components of the ERK/MAP kinase cascade have been implicated in thymocyte development, no such involvement was observed for MEK2, which appears to be nonessential for thymocyte differentiation and T-cell-receptor-induced proliferation and apoptosis. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that MEK2 is not necessary for the normal development of the embryo and T-cell lineages, suggesting that the loss of MEK2 can be compensated for by MEK1.
Labor Market Effects of International Outsourcing : How Measurement Matters

As regards labor market effects of International Outsourcing, empirical studies have difficulties in confirming theoretical results. The use of different indices adds to the puzzle. The paper examines whether measurement differences are one reason for the mismatch between empirical and theoretical findings. In fact, considering the properties of various outsourcing indices and applying a panel data estimation of the effects on the within industries’ wage gap in Germany, theory and empirics can be reconciled: while the wage gap increases in the aggregate, the service sector and the high skill intensive industries, it decreases in the low skill intensive industries – which is in line with theoretical findings by Arndt (1997, 1998).
Dual steganography for hiding text in video by linked list method

Dual Steganography is the process of using Steganography combined with Cryptography. Steganography is the process of hiding confidential data'sin the media files such as audio, images, videos etc. Cryptography is a branch of mathematics concerned with the study of hiding and revealing information and also for proving authorship of messages. In this paper, Dual Steganography concept has been applied to secure the original videos from unauthorized person. The process has been done by embedding the original video inside another video. Both the videos are converted into frames first. Then the individual frames of original video are sampled with the frames of another video. After completing the sampling process, the output frames are combined to get the encrypted video.
Propionate Protects against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mastitis in Mice by Restoring Blood–Milk Barrier Disruption and Suppressing Inflammatory Response

Mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary glands, is a major disease affecting dairy animal worldwide. Propionate is one of the main short-chain fatty acid that can exert multiple effects on the inflammatory process. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of sodium propionate against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mastitis model in mice. The data mainly confirm that inflammation and blood–milk barrier breakdown contribute to progression of the disease in this model. In mice with LPS, sodium propionate attenuates the LPS-induced histopathological changes, inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production, myeloperoxidase activity in mammary tissues. Given their importance in the blood–milk barrier, tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-3 are further investigated. Our results show that sodium propionate strikingly increases the expressions of occludin and claudin-3 and reduces the blood–milk barrier permeability in this model. Furthermore, in LPS-stimulated mouse mammary epithelial cells (mMECs), LPS increased the expressions of phosphorylated (p)-p65, p-IκB proteins, which is attenuated by sodium propionate. Finally, we examine the possibility that propionate acts as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, the results show that both sodium propionate and trichostatin A increase the level of histone H3 acetylation and inhibit the increased production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated mMECs. These data suggest that sodium propionate protects against LPS-induced mastitis mainly by restoring blood–milk barrier disruption and suppressing inflammation via NF-κB signaling pathway and HDAC inhibition.
Control of heparin therapy. Sensitivity of the activated partial thromboplastin time for monitoring the antithrombotic effects of heparin.

Abstract The accuracy of the activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT) test was compared with that of the Lee-White (L-W) clotting test for monitoring the activity of heparin in preventing experimental thrombosis. Following the injection of aged serum as a procoagulant, thrombosis was observed in the clamped external jugular venous segment of 6 of 6 control rabbits. Nineteen of 24 rabbits which had received heparin within 2 hours were protected from thrombosis. The postheparin activated PTT was 52 seconds or greater (normal range=38.0 ± 3.9 seconds) in all 19 (100 per cent) protected rabbits. The postheparin glass L-W clotting time was at least one and a half times the preheparin test in 16 of 19 (84 per cent) protected rabbits. Thus, both the activated PTT and the L-W clotting tests provide an accurate means for monitoring the antithrombotic activity of heparin.
C-terminal-binding protein corepresses epithelial and proapoptotic gene expression programs

The genesis of carcinoma cells often involves epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions and the acquisition of apoptosis resistance, but it is unclear whether these alterations are controlled coordinately or independently. Our previously reported effects of adenovirus E1a in human tumor cells raised the possibility that the E1a-interacting corepressor protein C-terminal-binding protein (CtBP) might selectively repress epithelial cell adhesion and proapoptotic genes. Here, we report that CtBP-knockout cells were hypersensitive to apoptosis. Correspondingly, microarray analysis of CtBP-knockout vs. CtBP-rescued mouse embryo fibroblasts revealed that many epithelial-specific and proapoptotic genes were indeed regulated by CtBP. Neither the apoptosis nor the repression activities of CtBP required histidine-315, suggesting that the proposed dehydrogenase activity is not essential for CtBP function. The results presented herein establish two functional roles of CtBP: to corepress epithelial genes, thus permitting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions, and to modulate the cellular threshold for apoptotic responses.
On the spatial motion of a rigid body with point contact

This paper is an extension to the 3-dimensional case of our previous work on planar motion with point contact [2]. Here we study the so called roll-slide spatial motions. Such motions occur whenever point contact between bodies is maintained under spatial motion. We consider instantaneous time-based kinematics and assume the presence of a tactile sensor to measure the relative motion at the point of contact. It is indicated how the derived kinematic relationships can be applied to sensor based robotic path planning.
A Comparison of Artificial Neural Network and Time Series Models for Forecasting GDP in Palestine

Time series of quarterly observations on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is collected and used in this study. Forecasting results of ANNs are compared with those of the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and regression as benchmark methods. Using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), the empirical results show that ANN performs better than the traditional methods in forecasting GDP.
Brn-2 Expression Controls Melanoma Proliferation and Is Directly Regulated by β-Catenin

ABSTRACT Constitutive activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is a notable feature of a large minority of cases of malignant melanoma, an aggressive and increasingly common cancer. The identification of target genes downstream from this pathway is therefore crucial to our understanding of the disease. The POU domain transcription factor Brn-2 has been implicated in control of proliferation and melanoma survival, and its expression is strongly upregulated in melanoma. We show here that in vivo Brn-2 is expressed in melanocytes but not in embryonic day 11.5 melanoblasts and that its expression is directly controlled by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in melanoma cell lines and in transgenic mice. Moreover, silent interfering RNA-mediated inhibition of Brn-2 expression in melanoma cells overexpressing β-catenin results in significantly decreased proliferation. These results, together with the observation that BRAF signaling also induces Brn-2 expression, reveal that Brn-2 is a focus for the convergence of two key melanoma-associated signaling pathways that are linked to cell proliferation.