Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of plasma density irregularities on the pitch angle scattering of radiation belt electrons by signals from ground based VLF transmitters

Recent DEMETER spacecraft observations show that VLF signals from the NPM transmitter in Hawaii often strongly excite quasi‐electrostatic whistler mode waves as the NPM signals propagate upward through plasma density irregularities. As a result of the NPM wave energy loss to the quasi‐electrostatic waves, the transmitter signals will arrive at the radiation belts with less intensity than predicted by present models of VLF wave propagation and will produce less pitch angle scattering of energetic electrons than presently believed. This type of wave energy loss may be partially responsible for the pervasive wave intensity deficit for VLF transmitter signals in the plasmasphere recently noted by Starks et al. (2008).
Life‐history correlates of plant invasiveness at regional and continental scales

We implemented cross-species and independent-contrasts multiple regression models to compare life-history correlates of invasion success between regional and continental spatial scales among non-native plants of eastern Australia. We focussed on three lifehistory traits that represent major axes of variation in plant life history: specific leaf area (SLA), plant height and seed mass. After controlling for residence time and crosscorrelation with other life-history traits, small seed mass was significantly and uniquely correlated with invasion success at continental and regional scales. High SLA was significantly and uniquely correlated with invasion success at the continental scale only. Plant height could not explain unique variation in invasion success at either spatial scale. Variation among spatial scales in the significance and strength of life-history relationships with invasion success suggests that the search for predictive tools of invasion need not be fruitless, as long as predictive investigations are targeted at appropriate spatial scales.
Effect of Fertilizer Consumption in Nigeria and Rate of Naira Exchange to the US Dollar on Sorghum Acreage between 1960 and 2006

Abstract The effect of aggregate fertilizer consumption (’000 metric tons) and the rate of Naira exchange to the US dollar on sorghum acreage between 1960 and 2006 were investigated. Various secondary data used were analysed using cointegration techniques and error correction modelling. Results indicate that fertilizer consumption and US dollar rate were well cointegrated with sorghum acreage although fertilizer consumption did not exhibit any strong relationship with sorghum acreage when US dollar rate was included in the cointegrating model. There was no associated error correction model and there was no indication of any kind of granger causality. This means that long-term neutrality of change does not exist, only short term dynamics is observed. It really shows that policy instruments with respect to the variables under study were not effective during the period under study. It also indicates that policy instrument alone cannot adequately correct for the temporary shocks to sorghum acreage. Therefore, an integrated approach and networking between agencies and participants in the commodities market is advocated and this will ensure food sustainability and the achievement of millennium development goals.
Experiences with entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of overwintering codling moth larvae in Germany.

Entomopathogenic nematodes were tested for their potential as tool in resistance management of codling moth Cydia pomonella L. in organic fruit growing. In two field tests, the adults emerging from stems treated with nematodes were monitored. In one trial, 90 % of efficacy could be shown. On-farm trials with favourable weather conditions showed an efficacy about 50-60 % on fruit infestation by codling moth in the year following the application. On-farm trials with unfavourable weather conditions showed no results. The favourable weather conditions for the application are discussed with reference to German conditions.
Wave transmission across laminated composite plate in the subsonic flow Investigating Two-variable Refined Plate Theory

The main aim of this paper is to employ an extension of two-variable Re-fined Plate Theory (RPT2) to determine Sound Transmission Loss (STL) across laminated composite plate in contrast to external excitation. It should be noted that RPT2 known as a second type of Refined Plate Theory which includes the extension term in displacement field. To achieve this goal, firstly, the lateral displacements are expanded by considering three parts, including shear, bending and extension term to provide an analytical model based on two-variable Refined Plate Theory without considering the effect of the shear correction coefficient in governing equations. Secondly, vibro-acoustic analysis is administered by incorporating the laminated composite plate equation beside the acoustic wave equation, simultaneously. Consequently, the power transmission through the structure is specified due to a plane sound wave. Beside, in order to illustrate the accuracy of the present formulation (RPT2), the obtained STL is compared with those available in literature. However, the application of present study (RPT2) is clarified in the acoustical designs due to presenting more precise results in comparison with Classical Plate Theory. Eventually, the numerical results are achieved to determine the influences of various properties on STL.
Study of causality between civil aviation sector and economic development in Saudi Arabia

How to cite this paper: Alshammary, M. (2017). Study of causality between civil aviation sector and economic development in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Governance & Regulation, 6(2), 22-31. doi: 10.22495/jgr_v6_i2_p3 How to access this paper online: http://dx.doi. org/10.22495/jgr_v6_i2_p3 Copyright © 2017 The Author This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/b y-nc/4.0/ ISSN Online: 2220-9352 ISSN Print: 2306-6784 Received: 12.03. 2017 Accepted: 12.05. 2017 JEL Classification: C32, H54, L93, N15, O11, 018, R40 DOI: 10.22495/jgr_v6_i2_p3 Recently, Saudi Arabia is undergoing major privatization and Public Private Partnership (PPP) projects, as guided by the Saudi National Transformation Program (NTP) 2020 and the Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, attempting to shift the oil-based economy toward more diverse and sustainable economy. The main purpose of the paper is to empirically examine the aviation-led growth hypothesis for Saudi Arabia by testing causality between civil aviation and economic development, applying econometric tests such as Granger causality tests for the time period from 1975 to 2011. Empirical results reveal the existence of the Civil aviation Led-Economic growth hypothesis (economic expansion causing the civil aviation sector to grow) for a developing country like Saudi Arabia. As guided by both the NTP 2020 and Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, policy makers should consider updating civil aviation infrastructure, nation-wide airport privatization programs, increase the number of airports in major cities and establish long term partnerships with international airlines and carriers. This will strengthen the private sector and diversify the oil-based economy toward a sustainable economy.
Costs of hospitalization due to underlying disease or its complications in children with cerebral palsy

Background: Cerebral palsy is considered a neurological disorder and taking care of children with cerebral palsy is costly for their families. We evaluated the costs and complications of hospitalization, hoteling, treatment, paraclinic for children with cerebral palsy referring to Children’s Medical Center in 2012. This study was an attempt to estimate the expenditures required for children with CP and to take a new attitude toward their lifetime quality. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 97 patients diagnosed with cerebral palsy and admitted in children’s Medical Center in 2012. Data were gathered from the archives of the hospital. These data includes patients demographic characteristics like age, gender, causes of hospitalization, duration of hospitalization, total costs, treatment costs, paraclinical costs like echocardiography, tests, EEG, ECG, radiology and hoteling costs. The gathered information was analysed with SPSS, version 20. P value<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean cost attributed to hoteling, paraclinic, treatment and total costs were 5,276,865 Rials, 2,020,075 Rials, 2,496,668 Rials and 11,751,818 Rials, respectively. The average number of hospitalizations was 1.59 ± 1.45 with a maximum of 10 admissions in one year. The average duration of hospitalization in one year was 14.81 ± 12.23 with minimum and maximum of one and 91 d. The average of total costs per year was 48,396,556 ± 25,267,167. Conclusions: Evaluation the costs associated with this disorder would be helpful in determining required budget and facilitating the lifetime quality of patients and their families.
An Integrated Approach to Drive Ontological Structure from Folksonomie

Web 2.0 is an evolution toward a more social, interactive and collaborative web, where user is at the center of service in terms of publications and reactions. This transforms the user from his old status as a consumer to a new one as a producer. Folksonomies are one of the technologies of Web 2.0 that permit users to annotate resources on the Web. This is done by allowing users to use any keyword or tag that they find relevant. Although folksonomies require a context-independent and inter-subjective definition of meaning, many researchers have proven the existence of an implicit semantics in these unstructured data. In this paper, we propose an improvement of our previous approach to extract ontological structures from folksonomies. The major contributions of this paper are a Normalized Co-occurrences in Distinct Users (NCDU) similarity measure, and a new algorithm to define context of tags and detect ambiguous ones. We compared our similarity measure to a widely used method for identifying similar tags based on the cosine measure. We also compared the new algorithm with the Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm (FCM) used in our original approach. The evaluation shows promising results and emphasizes the advantage of our approach.
Structure and tree diversity of lowland limestone forest on Seram Island, Indonesia

There have previously been very few studies of forests on Seram Island in the Eastern Indonesian archipelago and none before on lowland limestone primary forests. The COLUPSIA project on collaborative land use planning has therefore chosen Seram as one of two project sites. The objective of the COLUPSIA project is to establish collaborative and equitable land use planning. In order to achieve its objective the COLUPSIA project aims to improve understanding of traditional resource management and how it interacts with governmental systems, as well as enhancing knowledge about tropical landscapes and ecosystem services. The aim of this study was to contribute to the COLUPSIA project through describing lowland limestone forest on Seram Island in respect to (1) forest structure, (2) tree species richness and (3) tree species composition. We set up 5 plots, each of 0.2 ha, at one site, Mawalai, and collected data on tree variables (tree diameter ≥10 cm) as well as for some other life forms and environmental data. I made comparisons both within the Mawalai site and between sites, where I compared data from the Mawalai site with two 1 ha plots that were already set up at one site each, within the same forest type. Results varied depending on scale; tree species composition differed between some plots within one site, but much more between different sites where groupings per site were clear in NMS ordinations. Forest structure, in terms of diameter and stem density, differed between sites. A combination of the two, basal area, also varied within site. Species richness differed between one less species rich site (one 1 ha plot, 59 species) and the two other, more species rich sites (one 1 ha plot, 96 species and five 0.2 ha plots, 95 species), but did not differ significantly within the Mawalai site. Spatial distance and the amount of surface rock cover might explain a large portion of the variation seen both in between sites and between plots within site. It is however not possible to distinguish between the two in this study since they correlate and the rock cover gradient is insufficient. As one of few studies on limestone forest in Malesia this is also an example of what tree species might occur there. The distributions of tree species found in the study, based on a small sample, varied; some species have distributions towards New Guinea and Australia, others have Western distributions and some are restricted to the near region.
Intra-national Purchasing Power Parity and Balassa–Samuelson Effects in Italy

Abstract Considering a sample of 71 Italian metropolitan areas, this paper goes beyond the assumption that a unique core inflationary process exists in a macroeconomy. It shows that local long-run inflation rates can display remarkable variability. On the one hand they are negatively correlated with productivity growth; on the other, the less competitive the local retail sector, the higher is long-run inflation. Parité de pouvoir d'achat intranational et effets Balassa–Samuelson en Italie Résumé La présente communication, qui examine un échantillon de 71 zones métropolitaines en Italie, va au-delà de l'hypothèse de l'existence, dans une macroéconomie, d'un processus unique d'inflation de base. Elle démontre que les taux d'inflation locaux de longue durée font preuve parfois d'une variabilité remarquable: d'un côté, ils sont en corrélation négative avec l'expansion de la productivité, de l'autre moins le secteur local du commerce au détail est compétitif, plus l'inflation à long terme est élevée. Paridad de poder adquisitivo intranacional y efectos Balassa–Samuelson en Italia Extracto Este trabajo, que considera una muestra de 71 áreas metropolitanas italianas, va más allá de suponer que dentro de una macroeconomía existe un único proceso inflacionario básico. Muestra que los índices locales de inflación a largo plazo pueden exhibir una variabilidad significativa. Por una parte, se correlacionan negativamente con el crecimiento de la productividad; por otra parte, cuanto menos competitivo es el sector minorista local, más alta es la inflación a largo plazo.
Weather Conditions and the Bank Lending Channel: A GMM Approach from US Banking

An issue that has not been dealt in the literature refers to the relationship between the bank lending channel and weather conditions. This paper provides empirical evidence, for the first time, that sheds new light into the dynamic interactions between weather and bank lending, using a panel data set that includes 69 banks operating in four different regions in the US, spanning the period 1994 to 2010. The methodology of panel GMM estimator, suggested in Arellano and Bond (1991), was used. The results indicate that weather characteristics have a statistically significant effect on the size of monetary policy transmission mechanism, which is also dependent on the size of banking institutions.
Simulation Methodology for Control of PVWindHybrid System

With the increasing power demand the need for generation of useful power is important. Renewable energy generation is one efficient method for producing useful power. With proper power flow control, the efficiency of power transfer increases. This paper provides an efficient power control technique namely the active-reactive power control and dump power control along with auto master-slave control. This paper also provides more efficient control compared to the paper in reference. It can be used in isolated islands as the power line is flexible, so more number of power sources can interconnected in the system there by more power can be generated.
Instrumental polarization caused by telescope optics during wide field imaging

When astronomical observations are made for a celestial object, with non -zero eld angle (wrt tele- scope axis), the beam of parallel rays from the celestial object strikes the telescope mirror obliquely. Each unpo- larized ray of light when it strikes the metal coated mir- ror surface gets polarized due to reflection. On the con- trary, when the eld angle is zero, these reflected rays for a eld star, combine together to produce an instrumental polarization eect. A 100% linearly polarized star when observed even at zero eld angle, exhibits depolarization due to the above eect. A detailed procedure has been worked out here to estimate such polarization eects at the prime and Cassegrain focii, considering the case for linear polarizations only. Also to nd the typical values of such polarization, a 2.3 m telescope having beam sizes f/3.23 and f/13 at the prime and Cassegrain focii, has been considered. The instrumental polarization values as calculated at these two focii are 0.000092 and 0.016104% at the eld angles 300 and 90 arcsec, respectively. Furthermore, a 100% polarized star when observed at the above two focii will appear to be 99.9999 and 99.9983% polarized respectively due to depolarization.
A modified star formation law as a solution to open problems in galaxy evolution

In order to reproduce the low-mass end of the stellar mass function, most current models of galaxy evolution invoke very efficient supernova feedback. This solution seems to suffer from several shortcomings however, like predicting too little star formation (SF) in low-mass galaxies at z= 0. In this work, we explore modifications to the SF law as an alternative solution to achieve a match to the stellar mass function. This is done by applying semi-analytic models based on De Lucia & Blaizot, but with varying SF laws, to the Millennium and Millennium-II simulations, within the formalism developed by Neistein & Weinmann. Our best model includes lower SF efficiencies than predicted by the Kennicutt–Schmidt law at low stellar masses, no sharp threshold of cold gas mass for SF and an SF law that is independent of cosmic time. These simple modifications result in a model that is more successful than current standard models in reproducing various properties of galaxies less massive than 1010 M⊙. The improvements include a good match to the observed autocorrelation function of galaxies, an evolution of the stellar mass function from z= 3 to z= 0 similar to observations and better agreement with observed specific SF rates. However, our modifications also lead to a dramatic overprediction of the cold mass content of galaxies. This shows that finding a successful model may require fine-tuning of both SF and supernova feedback, as well as improvements on gas cooling, or perhaps the inclusion of a yet unknown process which efficiently heats or expels gas at high redshifts.
Territory Overlap and Habitat Use of Sympatric Chickadees

AISTRACT. --We examined territorial relationships of breeding Black-capped Chickadees (Parus atricapillus) and Mountain Chickadees (P. gainbell) in the foothills of the Rocky Moun- tains in southwestern Alberta, where the two species are syrupattic in mixed forests of river valleys. Both the minimum convex polygon method and Anderson's (1982) utilization dis- tribution method indicated that territory size did not differ significantly between species. There was no indication of interspecific territoriality, with little intraspecific overlap of territories (0-8%) but considerable interspecific overlap (30-70%). Discriminant function anal- ysis of habitat variables measured on randomly located plots on territories showed no inter- specific differences. However, an analysis that weighted plots by relative use by birds showed a significant difference. Mountain Chickadees used areas with large conifers and dead trees more than did Black-capped Chickadees. Our results indicate that habitat preferences shown by the two species in allopatry persist in sympatry, and that local coexistence is permitted by the mosaic nature of the habitat. Received 11 July 1988, accepted 12 December 1988.
Influence of External Environmental Factors on the Success of Public Housing Projects in Developing Countries

External environmental factors, which include political environment, economic environment and social environment, affect the success of public housing projects in developing countries. The purpose of this paper is to establish the effect of these factors on public housing project success using structural equation modelling (SEM) techniques. The study was conducted in Nigeria by means of interviews, a pilot study and a main survey. Five hundred and fifty (550) questionnaires were administered to construction professionals who work as developers, consultants or contractors and those working in public housing agencies. Two hundred and seventy-six (276) questionnaires were returned completed. The data collected were analysed by means of SEM. The results reveal that (i) the economics factor significantly affects public housing project success, (ii) the social factor significantly affects public housing project success, and (iii) the political factor significantly affects public housing project success. The study developed a comprehensive model that can assist housing policy makers, consultants, developers, contractors and other stakeholders in the planning and development of public housing programmes.
THE EFFECTS OF GOLF STANCE ON THE PEAK KNEE ADDUCTION MOMENT DURING THE GOLF SWING

OF THESIS THE EFFECTS OF GOLF STANCE ON THE PEAK KNEE ADDUCTION MOMENT DURING THE GOLF SWING INTRODUCTION: The knee joint is one of the most frequently injured structures in the game of golf. The loads experienced by the knee during the golf swing are typically greater than those experienced during walking. In particular, a heightened lead limb peak external knee adduction moment has been linked to the progression of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA). Altering movement patterns is a common strategy that can be used to reduce loading on the knee joint but has received little attention during the golf swing. Also, while such manipulations may be beneficial from an injury prevention perspective, they may have implications on golf performance. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects altering stance has on the peak knee adduction moment and swing speed during the golf swing. METHODS: Twenty healthy subjects were recruited for a 3-dimensional biomechanical analysis wherein participants hit three golf shots using different stance positions in which either foot angle or stance width was altered. The following stance conditions were used: self-selected, 0o foot angle (perpendicular to target line), 30o foot angle (externally rotated), wide stance width, and narrow stance width RESULTS: Both the 30o foot angle and the wide stance width significantly decreased (p < 0.001) the lead limb peak external knee adduction moment compared to the self-selected golf stance. In contrast, the narrow stance width significantly increased (p = 0.023) the peak knee adduction moment when compared to the self-selected stance. No significant differences were found in the peak knee adduction moment between the 0o foot angle and self-selected stance. Lastly, no significant differences (p = 0.109) were found in swing speed between any of the stance conditions. CONCLUSION: The externally rotated foot position and wider stance width decreased the lead limb peak knee adduction moment without hindering performance. Considering the prevalence of injury to the lead limb knee joint, modifying a golfer’s stance could potentially be used to increase the longevity of their playing career.