Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of a Miniature Low Power Cylindrical Hall Thruster for Microsatellites

Development of a Miniature Low Power Cylindrical Hall Thruster for Microsatellites Carl Pigeon Master of Applied Science Graduate Department of University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies University of Toronto 2017 To enable more advanced commercial microsatellite missions, a low power electric propulsion system was designed by the University of Toronto Space Flight Laboratory. A prototype cylindrical Hall thruster was first developed using electromagnets. The thruster’s performance was evaluated over a range of 20-300 W. At the nominal 200 W operation, 6.2 mN of thrust with a specific impulse of 1139 s was measured with xenon propellant. Significant erosion of the thruster’s discharge chamber wall was observed which limited its lifetime to 100 hours. Subsequently, a flight representative version of the thruster was developed. Permanent magnets were used to reduce the size, mass, and power consumption. Changes to the design were implemented to improve lifetime. Performance characterization and literature suggest that a reduction in performance is expected with the use of permanent magnets. Lastly, thermal vacuum and vibration tests were performed to bring the thruster to Technology Readiness Level
Evaluating the Trustworthiness of nodes in AODV by Assigning Reliable Testimonials using NS-2

 Abstract — An autonomous system of mobile hosts connected by wireless links, often called Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) got outstanding success as well as tremendous attention due to its self-maintenance and self-configuration properties or behaviour. Security is a basic and paramount requirement for an ad-hoc network because of its intrinsic vulnerabilities in order for users to perform protected peer-to-peer communication over multi-hop wireless channel. One of the primary challenges of secure routing is to provide authentication (trustworthiness) of nodes. Depending on the application context, a user may desire various security services such as authentication, integrity, non-repudiation, Confidentiality, Key and Trust Management and access control. To improve the security of the MANET, it is essential to evaluate the trustworthiness of nodes by identifying the selfish nodes and malicious nodes in the network. We have used the concept of Reliable Testimonials (RT) in Ad-hoc on demand distance vector routing protocol and assigning it to all the nodes in the network and also we apply a key distribution algorithm. Now this routing protocol deals with attack made by malicious nodes and as well as the presence of malicious nodes during the routing process by omitting them in the communication path based on the threshold value, so that we can assure a highly secured network.
Leakage Power Reduction by Using Power Gating Methods in Differential Amplifier

: In the integrated circuits, an inverter based differential amplifier are playing major role. To improve the dynamic response of an adaptively biased low dropout regulator (AB-LDR) while maintaining a low quiescent current. To improve the performance of the inverter based differential amplifier in this paper a new efficient Sleep transistor and Multi-Threshold CMOS based efficient low-dropout Regulator is introduced. By using this proposed regulators, which will provides much better performance compared to other regulators. The proposed has implemented in 45nm CMOS technology with the help of tanner tool.
Approximation Algorithms for MAX SAT : Semidefinite Programming and Network Flows Approach

MAX SAT (the maximum satisﬁability problem) is stated as follows: given a set of clauses with weights, ﬁnd a truth assignment that maximizes the sum of the weights of the satisﬁed clauses. In this paper, we present an approximation algorithm for MAX SAT which is a reﬁnement of Yannakakis’s algorithm. This algorithm leads to a better approximation algorithm with performance guarantee 0.767 if it is combined with the previous algorithms for MAX SAT.
The Energy System and the Sharing Economy: Interfaces and Overlaps and what to Learn from them

The dissemination of decentralized renewable energy generation, storage and smart metering devices has led to the need for new business models and coordination mechanisms in the energy sector. At the same time, the emerging sharing economy focuses on using digital platforms to coordinate value creation on a decentralized level. While sharing concepts have already been applied to specific energy technologies and microgrids, a more general understanding of what the sharing economy means in the context of the energy sector is still missing. This paper aims to bring these two topics together and to analyze their interfaces and overlaps. For this purpose, this paper draws from existent scientific publications, reports, blog posts, and websites as well as company workshops to discuss which activities and characteristics of the sharing economy might be applicable to the energy sector. Results show that there are significant overlaps in characteristics of the sharing economy and of the transitioning energy system. Furthermore, a broad range of business models within the energy system were found to be based on sharing resources. The findings of this study open up a range of new research and business opportunities at the interface of the sharing economy and the transitioning energy system.
Advanced Medical Image Watermarking Technique of Hiding Patient Information for Medical Image Authentication

 Abstract — Digital Watermarking describes methods of embedding the data into the cover image or host an image. The data which is to be embedded is called watermark. Watermark is the secret message that is embedded into host image, to keep the copyright information inside the host image and prevent it from any unauthorized modifications. There are two types of watermarking namely visible watermarking and invisible watermarking. This medical image watermark technique can avoid unnecessary modification by unauthorized person. In this paper Discrete Wavelet Transform based watermarking scheme is used for medical image watermarking using MATLAB software. The proposed method provides performance metrics better than the existing method. The various benchmarks and attacks are applied on the watermarked images to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme. Experimental results indicate that the proposed watermarking scheme is highly robust and does not degrade the original signal. To minimize the difference between original and watermarked singular values, an optimized-quality formula is proposed. First, the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is defined as a performance index in a matrix form. Then, an optimized-quality functional that relates the performance index to the quantization technique is obtained. The proposed method achieves high values of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) of watermarked image and high values of normalized correlation (NCC) of the extracted watermark.
Radiation and radioisotopes for human healthcare applications

The use of radiation and radioisotopes in human healthcare has been one of the early developments in the non-power applications of nuclear science. The field encompasses different facets of the use of radiation in the diagnosis and therapy of a wide variety of dis-eases, particularly cancer, the formidable challenge of the present century. There has been a significant advan-cement in different areas such as diagnostic radiology, diagnostic nuclear medicine, therapeutic radiation and therapeutic nuclear medicine, including theranostic applications in personalized medicine. The R&D efforts of the Department of Atomic Energy towards ensuring indigenous availability of established radiopharmaceuticals and treatment modalities as well as to develop emerging ones for state-of-the-art radiation-related services have been significant over the years. This article presents the current status, recent developments, clinical translation of developed products and prospects related to the use of radioisotopes and radiation in the two premiere research institutions of DAE, viz. BARC and TMC.
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis at the Inner Region of Forearms Using BIMS

— The bioelectrical impedance (BI) of the inner forearms was measured using bioelectrical impedance measurement system (BIMS), which employs the multi-frequency and the two-electrode method. Experiments were performed as follows. First, while applying a constant current of 800 A to the inner region of forearms, BI was measured at eight different frequencies ranging from 10 to 500 KHz. When a current having a frequency larger than 50 KHz was applied to forearms, BI was significantly reduced. Second, the relationship between reactance and resistance was obtained using BIMS. The phase angle was strongly dependent on the applied frequency. At 50 KHz, the maximum phase angle of the right forearm was 8.2 ° slightly larger than 8.1 ° of the left forearm. Third, BI values of ECF and ICF were calculated by utilizing the multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA). At 10 KHz, BI values of ECF in the left and right forearm were 1553.58 Ω and 1533.42 Ω, respectively. It was also observed that BI values of ECF and ICF were gradually decreased when the frequency was increased from 50 KHz to 500 KHz. Logarithmic plot of BI vs. frequency shows that BI of ICF was noticeably decreased at high frequency above 300 KHz. This is due to the large decrease in the cell membrane capacitance from 300 kHz or more.
Multiperspective Qualitative Research Methodology for Researching Work Stress

 Abstract - Research on work stress is on the rise as evidence is mounting about the negative health consequences and economic losses associated with the phenomenon. Mainstream work stress research utilizes large samples and quantitative, positivist research methodologies. An important alternative research approach complementing these efforts is provided by case-study based and qualitative research methodologies. In this paper, the author proposes a multiperspective qualitative research methodology, bringing together the critical research perspective with an emphasis on deep social structures and the postmodern perspective with an emphasis on the role of language and discourse. The arguments for a multiperspective, qualitative approach for researching work stress are supported by the results of an exemplary case-study based research carried out in a Hungarian manufacturing plant.
Investigation of Array Steering Algorithms for Adaptive Array Antennas

 Abstract — The performance of smart antenna greatly relies on the efficient estimation of direction of arrival (DOA) of a signal. The accurate estimation of DOA is essential so as to steer the beam of antenna such that the main lobe occurs along the direction of desired user and nulls are formed towards the interferers. This paper addresses various classes of DOA algorithms i.e. conventional methods which are Bartlett, Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) and subspace method i.e. Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) and a comparison is made among them from resolution perspective. The analysis of DOA Algorithms is carried out to evaluate the performance for accurate estimation of direction-of- arrival (DOA) of signals impinging on uniform linear array (ULA). These algorithms are analyzed and simulated for various input parameters like varying Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and angular separation between the sources for uniform linear array of 8 elements. The array elements considered are assumed to be isotropic in nature with an element interspacing of 0. 5λ.
IRIS Recognition System: A Survey

— Iris recognition has been done by many researchers in last many decades. Iris recognition plays an important role to improve efficiency in biometric identification system due to its reliability in highly secured areas. Such as In Airports And Harbors, Access Control In Laboratories And Factories traditional issue is focused on full fingerprint images matching and face detection are used for identification of humans, but iris recognition system is more reliable and gives more accurate results for the identification. Iris recognition works on pattern recognition. The iris is an externally visible, yet protected organ whose unique epigenetic pattern remains stable throughout adult life. These characteristics make it very attractive for use as a biometric for identifying individuals. In iris recognition the signature of the new iris pattern is compared against the stored pattern after computing the signature of new iris pattern and identification is performed. This paper discusses different techniques used for Iris Recognition.
SDFW Analysis of Mutual Coupling on Microstrip Antenna Array Conformal to Curved

 Abstract — In this paper, Analysis of mutual coupling on microstrip patch antenna array conformal to curved surface is studied for both E-plane and H-plane. Far field radiation patterns and current distributions on individual patches have been obtained and plotted. The effect of E-plane and H-plane separation between radiating elements on mutual coupling coefficients has been analyzed.The approach makes use of the popular and rigorously used spectral domain full wave analysis method in conjunction with method of moment as numerical analysis tool. The electric field due to rectangular patch is obtained by solving integral equation which involves Green’s function in spectral domain. The integral equations thus formed are converted into a system of linear equations by the use of method of moment. In the method of moment, the unknown patch current is expressed into a set of linear combination of entire domain basis function weighted by unknown coefficients which are determined after solving linear system of equation. After determining current distribution on the patch antenna, the input impedance and radiation characteristics are obtained. To incorporate the effect of mutual coupling, the scattering matrix is used to describe the multiport network and mutual coupling coefficients are then obtained from scattering parameters. Simulations are done using MATLAB 2007b. Mutual coupling coefficients for E-plane and H-plane coupling are calculated by varying elemental spacing in both E and H-plane.
THE EMERGING SPECTRUM SENSING TECHNIQUES IN COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORK

— Fixed spectrum assignment to the various operators or users leads to highly inefficient utilisation and exploitation of the spectrum. Wireless communication based on Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN) seems to be a promising solution for the better utilization of this inadequate resource. The most challenging and tricky issue in cognitive radio system is spectrum sensing by the Secondary Users (SUs). The main objective of sensing the spectrum is to check whether it is being used by the primary user (PU) at the given instance. The basic emerging techniques are matched filter detection, energy detection and cyclostationary feature detection. Here the emerging approaches for spectrum sensing have been presented with their respective advantages and disadvantages.
Biological sequence analysis: Markov chains and hidden Markov models

Having introduced some methods for pairwise alignment in Chapter 2, the emphasis will switch in this chapter to questions about a single sequence. The main aim of the chapter is to develop the theory for a very general form of probabilistic model for sequences of symbols, called a hidden Markov model (abbreviated HMM). The types of question we can use HMMs and their simpler cousins, Markov models, to consider are: ‘Does this sequence belong to a particular family? ’ or ‘Assuming the sequence does come from some family, what can we say about its internal structure? ’ An example of the second type of problem would be to try to identify alpha helix or beta sheet regions in a protein sequence. As well as giving examples from the biological sequence world, we also give the mathematics and algorithms for many of the operations on HMMs in a more general form. These methods, or close analogues of them, are applied in many other sections of the book. This chapter therefore contains a fairly large amount of mathematically technical material. We have tried to organise it so that the first half, approximately, leads the reader through the essential algorithms using a single biological example. In the later sections we introduce a variety of other examples to illustrate more complex extensions of the basic approaches. In the next chapter, we will see how HMMs can also be applied to the types of alignment problem discussed in Chapter 2, in Chapter 5 they are applied to searching databases for protein families, and in Chapter 6 to alignment of several sequences simultaneously.
Design and Simulation of Single Band Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN Application

— A micro strip patch antenna for WLAN is designed. The antenna has a frequency bandwidth of 5GHz – 5.5GHz. The micro strip patch antenna consists from a ground, a substrate, a patch and a feed line. The basic theory and design are analyzed, and simulation done by using HFSS to optimize the antenna's properties. Results show that the designed antenna has promising characteristics for WLAN application at 5.25 GHz frequency. 2 show the front view geometry and the structure designed on HFSS software of proposed microstrip line fed patch antenna with single band for WLAN application. The dimensions and feed point location for proposed antenna have been optimized so as to get the best possible impedance match to the antenna. The following parameters are used for design of proposed antenna.
A Study on Device To Device Communication in Wireless Mobile Network

— With the emerging demands for local area services of popular content downloading Device to Device communication is conceived as a vital technological component for next generation cellular communication networking to enhance the system capacity by increasing the spectral efficiency. Targeting the application of mobile content Downloading we investigate the fundamental problems and how D2D communication improves the system performance of mobile networks and what is the potential effect of D2D communication, with the help of the optimal solutions for the system resource allocation and mode selection obtained under the realistic user and mobility conditions. Specifically, by formulating the max-flow optimization problem that maximizes the content downloading flows from all the cellular base stations to the content down loaders through any possible ways of transmission, and we obtain the theoretical upper bound to system content downloading performance.
Detection and Prevention of SQL Injection Attack Using Hashing Technique

† ,Q(cid:3) WRGD\¶V(cid:3) HQYLURQPHQW(cid:3) WKH(cid:3) GDWDEDVH(cid:3) LV(cid:3) PRVW(cid:3) important part of any online application and in recent years the database technology evolved to a greater extent so as the attacks to the database also increases, the most important type of attack these days are SQL injection attacks, these attacks are very serious security threats to web applications because they enable the attackers to gain unrestricted asses to databases and potentially confidential information these database contain. Although researchers have proposed numerous methods to help overcome form the SQL injection problem, the current approaches either have limitations or fail to cover full scope of the problem. In SQL injection attack (SQLIA) the attacker can trick the server to obtain illegal authorization and asses the database using SQL queries. This is because the developers of the applications are not fully aware of attacks by SQL injection and its causes. This paper gives an overview to the SQL Injection attacks (SQLIA) and methods to prevent them. We will discuss all the proposed models to block SQL Injections. We also present and analyses existing detection prevention techniques against SQL injection attacks
predominantes Predominant Leadership Traits in Students of the

The leadership traits in the students glimpse the adaptation they will have in society and in productive life. Some have innate leadership and others develop it through a learning process throughout their studies. The objective of this research was to determine the leadership style that predominates in the students of the Economics, Accounting and Administration careers of the Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango. The survey was used for data collection. The questionnaire used included 15 questions on a Likert scale ranging from one, totally disagree, to five, totally agree, and was applied in March 2020 to 66 students of the aforementioned institution. It was a study with a non-experimental design, descriptive level and cross section. The results show that the traits of transformational leadership are the ones that predominate in the students and that individualized consideration is the dimension that most prevails in them, followed by charisma. It is concluded that transformational leadership promotes teamwork and improves the individual and group learning process, which in turn generates dynamic work environments that allow students to better adapt when joining organizations.
Evaluation of probabilistic models for word frequency and information retrieval

 Abstract — Finding data recovery data (usually documents) without the (usually Text) in terms of user needs through a large set usually stored on computers is described. In this study, the frequency distribution. of word associations and their potential for Information Retrieval (IR) the model and Huge frequency the word in the text of the review. Our on probabilistic models IR and will be the focus of their basic features.
Software CrashLocator: Locating the Faulty Functions by Analyzing the Crash Stack Information in Crash Reports

In recent years, studies have been dedicated mainly in the analysis, of crashes in real-world related to large-scale software systems. A crash in terms of computing can be termed as a computer program such as a software application that stops functioning properly. Software crash is a serious problem in production environment. When crash happens, the crash report with the stack trace of software at time of crash is sent to the developer team. Software development team may receive hundreds of stack traces from all deployment sites and many stack traces may be due to same problem. If the developer starts analyzing each trace, it may take a longer duration of time and redundancy many happen in terms of two developers fixing the same problem. This motivates us to present the solution to analyze the stack traces and find the important functions responsible for crash and rank them, so that development resources can be optimized. In this paper we have proposed the solution to solve the problem by developing Software CrashLocator.
Random Apollonian Networks

In this letter, we propose a simple rule that generates scale-free networks with very large clustering coefficient and very small average distance. These networks are called {\bf Random Apollonian Networks}(RANs) as they can be considered as a variation of Apollonian networks. We obtain the analytic result of power-law exponent $\gamma =3$ and clustering coefficient $C={46/3}-36\texttt{ln}{3/2}\approx 0.74$, which agree very well with the simulation results. We prove that the increasing tendency of average distance of RAN is a little slower than the logarithm of the number of nodes in RAN. Since many real-life networks are both scale-free and small-world, RANs may perform well in mimicking the reality. The epidemic spreading process is also studied, we find that the diseases spread slower in RANs than BA networks in the early stage of SI process, indicating that the large clustering coefficient may slower the spreading velocity especially in the outbreaks.