Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth hormone transgenesis disrupts immune function in muscle of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) impacting cross-talk with growth systems

The suppression of growth during infection should facilitate resource allocation towards effective immune function. Work supporting this hypothesis has been recently reported in teleosts, demonstrating immune-responsive regulation of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system - a key endocrine growth pathway that acts downstream of growth hormone (GH). Skeletal muscle is the main target for growth and energetic storage in fish, yet little is known about how growth is regulated in this tissue during an immune response. We addressed this knowledge gap by characterizing muscle immune responses in size-matched coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) achieving different growth rates. We compared a wild-type strain with two GH transgenic groups achieving either maximal or highly-suppressed growth – an experimental design that separates GH’s direct effects from its influence on growth rate. Fish were sampled 30h post-injection with PBS (control) or mimics of bacterial (peptidoglycan) or viral (Poly:IC) infection. We quantified the mRNA level expression of genes from the GH, GH receptor (GHR), IGF hormone, IGF1 receptor (IGF-1R) and IGF binding protein (IGFBP) families, along with marker genes for muscle growth and host defence genes involved in inflammatory or antiviral responses. We provide strong evidence for dampened immunity in the GH transgenics compared to wild-type animals. Strikingly, the muscle of GH transgenics achieving rapid growth showed no detectable antiviral response, coupled with evidence of a constitutive inflammatory state. GH and IGF system gene expression was also strongly altered by GH transgenesis and fast growth, both for baseline expression levels and responses to immune stimulation. Overall, our findings demonstrate that GH transgenesis disrupts normal immune function and growth-immune cross-talk in muscle, with implications for the health and welfare of farmed salmon.
Loving one’s job: A matter of choice or subjection?

The idea that it is through discourse that subjective adherence to the capitalist order is renewed motivated our interest in analysing the modern-day terms applied to this adherence, as manifested in the discourse that stresses the importance of ‘loving one’s job’. In order to better understand this discourse, we chose to analyse its presence within a specific business medium, using the Fairclough three-dimensional model as analytical tool. Using Foucauldian and Deleuzian perspectives in our analysis, we argue that the ‘love of one’s job’ discourse, subtle and seductive in nature and often almost invisible, has numerous effects on labour, such as discipline and control. This discourse can constitute a modality of neo- normative control, in that it appeals to the sentiments of the workers in order to increase their dedication to work.
THE EVOLVING PICTURE IN OBTAINING GENETICALLY MODIFIED LIVESTOCK

Animais de producao geneticamente modificados sao aqueles que tiveram uma sequencia de DNA endogena modificada ou um DNA exogeno introduzido em seu genoma. Animais de producao geneticamente modificados apresentam grande potencial como modelo para estudo de doencas humanas, para producao mais eficiente de carne e derivados do leite, para xenotransplante e para producao de produtos sob grande demanda para saude humana. Diferentes abordagens tem sido descritas para obtencao de animais de producao geneticamente modificados, as quais apresentam eficiencias, vantagens e limitacoes variaveis. O objetivo da revisao e descrever o historico da obtencao de animais de producao geneticamente modificados, os principais obstaculos, abordagens atuais e perspectiva futuras sobre a tecnologia.
Inner Rhythms: Vessels as a Sustained Brain-Body Performance Practice

Abstract Vessels is a brain-body performance practice that combines flute improvisation with live, sonified brain and body data. This article describes the genesis of this performance practice, which coevolved with the author’s brain-music interfacing and physiological data sonification methods. The author presents these novel interface designs and discusses how the affordances and constraints of these systems reflect onto her brain-body performance technique.
Dual mode spectroscopic biomedical sensor: Technical considerations for the wireless testbed

A real time implementation of a spectroscopy based dual mode sensor necessitates a timely and reliable transmission of information to and from the sensor. This becomes one of the pivotal roles of the sensor as the wireless transmission must be timely, accurate and reliable. For this purpose, our project aims to use a Gabor expansion model with a single-tap time-frequency channel model. This protocol has been planned to be used in a biomedical sensor system that aims for the detection of human breath for patients above 60. For this mechanism to work in dispersive channels, error introduced by this model needs to be minimized by optimizing Gabor prototype frames. We attempt to reduce this error via Newton method for a Wide-Sense Stationary Uncorrelated Scattering (WSSUS) environment. Therefore, numerous factors need to be considered, and have been presented. The sensitivity of this sensor setup in terms of least amount of discernible absorption coefficient is 8.37×10−5mm−1 , and we attempt to maintain this value via our wireless approach. The suggested solution provides an error within a threshold of 1 to 2% in case of our results. In this manner, the sanctity of information going to and from the human body is tantamount to be highly accurate that highlights the efficiency of this scheme in our biomedical sensor.
Abnormal Strong Upwelling off the Coast of Southeast Vietnam in the Late Summer of 2016: A Comparison with the Case in 1998

The traditional view holds that a weakened upwelling has often been observed off the coast of southeast Vietnam during the post-El Niño summer. This study investigated a strong upwelling and concurrent phytoplankton bloom off the coast of southeast Vietnam in August 2016 by comparing it with another case in 1998. Analyses of the upwelling structure and formation mechanisms indicated that the abnormal strong upwelling in August 2016 was attributable to strong wind-driven offshore Ekman transport and Ekman pumping, which were caused by the accompanying southwesterly anomalies south of the anomalous cyclone (AC) over the western North Pacific (WNP), and vice versa in August 1998. This anomalous southwesterly wind associated with the AC over the WNP could not be explained by La Niña, the negative Indian ocean dipole, or the positive Pacific meridional mode events. Further analyses showed that the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO)-induced westerly winds could have contributed more than 75% of the original zonal winds. Nine tropical cyclones generated over the WNP were favorable for excessive precipitation. The opposite configurations of precipitation patterns over the WNP and the Maritime Continent could have further strengthened the AC via a Gill response.
Defining separation zones for coastal birds at a wetland of global importance

Abstract Context. The disruption of normal activities by humans (i.e. ‘anthropogenic disturbance’) can have important behavioural, physiological and population effects on coastal birds. These negative effects include increased vigilance, increased energy expenditure and reduced nesting success. To overcome this, separation distances (e.g. buffers and setbacks) are often used to separate threatening stimuli, such as humans, from wildlife. However, in most instances the determination of separation distances are based on little empirical information. This is particularly true for Africa, which supports huge populations of Palearctic migrant shorebirds. Aim. To determine suitable separation distances that will reduce anthropogenic disturbance to the coastal bird community at West Coast National Park, South Africa. Methods. The distance at which a behavioural response (i.e. flight initiation distance, FID) occurred among 15 common coastal bird species when presented with an approaching human was measured. Linear mixed-effects models were used to determine the relationship between FID and body size, migratory status, intraspecific flock size, flock species richness, foraging behaviour and several environmental covariates. Key results. Body mass was significantly and positively correlated with FID, indicating that larger birds are more sensitive to the anthropogenic stimulus. Furthermore, it was shown that migratory birds had longer FIDs, suggesting that they are less risk tolerant compared with resident birds. The distance at which the approach was initiated (i.e. the start distance, SD) was also significantly and positively correlated with FID, supporting the hypothesis that birds will flush early to avoid the potential negative consequences of fleeing too late. Finally, there was a novel significant effect of increasing wind speed on increasing FID, suggesting a thermoregulatory trade-off. There was no effect of foraging behaviour, flock size or flock composition on FID. Conclusion. Based on these data, buffer distances for tidal habitats at West Coast National Park should be set at ∼170 m. Implications. Improved understanding of FID, and the morphological and behavioural predictors thereof, will enable West Coast National Park and other protected areas to designate separation distances or buffer zones that reduce the negative effects of anthropogenic disturbance on shorebird communities.
The shape of partial correlation matrices

Abstract The correlational structure of a set of variables is often conveniently described by the pairwise partial correlations as they contain the same information as the Pearson correlations with the advantage of straightforward identifications of conditional linear independence. For mathematical convenience, multiple matrix representations of the pairwise partial correlations exist in the literature but their properties have not been investigated thoroughly. In this paper, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the eigenvalues of differently defined partial correlation matrices so that the correlation structure is a valid one. Equipped with these conditions, we will then emphasize the intricacies of algorithmic generations of correlation structures via partial correlation matrices. Furthermore, we examine the space of valid partial correlation structures and juxtapose it with the space of valid Pearson correlation structures. As these spaces turn out to be equal in volume for every dimension and equivalent with respect to rotation, a simple formula allows the creation of valid partial correlation matrices by the use of current algorithms for the generation and approximation of correlation matrices. Lastly, we derive simple conditions on the partial correlations for frequently assumed sparse structures.
Modeling of Time-Delayed Distributed Cyber-Physical Power Systems for Small-Signal Stability Analysis

Compared with a power system under centralized control, a power system under fully distributed control has stronger interdependence between its physical side and cyber side. Such a system is a typical cyber-physical system (CPS). The time delay problem is one of the most critical issues in the application of distributed control for power systems. First, a distributed information flow model is established considering multiple sources of time delay, especially the communication delay between neighboring agents. Second, combining the dynamics of physical power systems, a general model of time-delayed CPS under fully distributed control is proposed, especially for inverter-based microgrids. Third, the stability of the time-delayed CPS is analyzed based on the proposed model with a critical eigenvalue tracking algorithm. A real-world microgrid with DGs under fully distributed frequency control is tested for small-signal stability analysis. The findings show that the stability of the distributed CPS with multiple sources of time delay depends on not only the absolute value of time delays but also the coordination of time delays and that the delay merging property in centralized mode is not relevant in a distributed CPS. The accuracy of the model and the obtained stability margin are verified by Simulink simulations.
The Relevance of Pyrogenic Carbon for Carbon Budgets From Fires: Insights From the FIREX Experiment

Vegetation fires play an important role in global and regional carbon cycles. Due to climate warming and land use shifts, fire patterns are changing and fire impacts increasing in many of the world's regions. Reducing uncertainties in carbon budgeting calculations from fires is therefore fundamental to advance our current understanding and forecasting capabilities. Here we study 20 chamber burns from the FIREX FireLab experiment, which burnt a representative set of North American wildland fuels, to assess the following: (i) differences in carbon emission estimations between the commonly used “consumed biomass” approach and the “burnt carbon” approach; (ii) pyrogenic carbon (PyC) production rates; and (iii) thermal and chemical recalcitrance of the PyC produced, as proxies of its biogeochemical stability. We find that the “consumed biomass” approach leads to overestimation of carbon emissions by 2–27% (most values between 2% and 10%). This accounting error arises largely from not considering PyC production and, even if relatively small, can therefore have important implications for medium‐ and long‐term carbon budgeting. A large fraction (34–100%) of this PyC was contained in the charred fine residue, a postfire material frequently overlooked in fire carbon research. However, the most recalcitrant PyC was in the form of woody charcoal, with estimated half‐lives for most samples exceeding 1,000 years. Combustion efficiency was relatively high in these laboratory burns compared to actual wildland fire conditions, likely leading to lower PyC production rates. We therefore argue that the PyC production values obtained here, and associated overestimation of carbon emissions, should be taken as low‐end estimates for wildland fire conditions.
Classification and Dynamics of Class of ξ(as)-QSO

The current study provides a new class of ξ(as)-QSO defined on 2D simplex and classifies it into 18 non-conjugate (isomorphic) classes. This classification is based on their conjugacy and the remuneration of coordinates. The current study also examines the limiting points associated with the behavior of trajectories for four classes defined on 2D simplex.
Social Determinants and COVID‐19 Disparities: Differential Pandemic Effects and Dynamics

The COVID-19 pandemic has had disproportionately negative impacts on socially disadvantaged and underserved populations around the world. Inequality and the related social determinants that impact certain groups are directly related to the adverse health outcomes of vulnerable populations during the pandemic. People in disadvantaged communities are generally more prone to occupational exposure to the virus and tend to have limited access to health care and higher rates of comorbidities. Outcomes related to widespread school closures are also of particular concern for underserved communities. Additionally, these populations are more susceptible to the negative economic outcomes of the pandemic. There is an urgent need for research and policy solutions regarding the impact of the COVID-19, with particular attention to the needs of disadvantaged and vulnerable populations, a foundation for which is offered in this discussion.
Social Support and Student Engagement Among Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing Students

This study explores how students’ social support are related to their engagement, by administering the Chinese Version of Zimet’s Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS-C) and the Student Engagement Scale to 225 deaf or hard-of-hearing (D/HH) school students in mainland China. Results show that, among all participants, those with higher levels of social support scored higher on student engagement, whereas those with lower levels of social support had lower scores. The contributions, limitations, and implications of the present research are discussed.
Sill-related seafloor domes in the Zhongjiannan Basin, western South China Sea

<p>The magmatism activities exert significant impact in sedimentary basins&#160;as&#160;the Zhongjiannan Basin (ZJNB), western South China Sea (SCS). We have evaluated multibeam bathymetric and multichannel seismic reflection data&#160;acquired by the Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey in recent years, in order to&#160;investigate the distribution,&#160;the&#160;characteristics and the subsurface structures related to&#160;the seafloor domes found in the northeastern ZJNB. Data reveal that there are forty two&#160;domes occurring in water depths between 2312 m and 2870 m, clustered&#160;around volcanic mounds and seamounts in the study area. These domes generally show&#160;circular to elongated or&#160;irregular plan views, can reach up to 26080&#160;m in perimeters, and the vertical reliefs are tens to hundreds of meters. They have gentler flanks with average slope values of 1.46&#176;~7.73&#176; and basal areas between 0.85 km<sup>2 </sup>and 42.06&#160;km<sup>2</sup>. The seismic reflection sections reveal that domes&#8217;&#160;formation and development are attributed to igneous intrusion events in the strata. The igneous intrusions heat surrounding organic-rich sediments and release hydrocarbons and fluids, which accumulate and uplift the overlying strata immediately above the sills and form forced folds, manifesting as domes&#160;on the&#160;seafloor. These&#160;sill-folds-dome structures&#160;provide possibility for hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation and have&#160;important implications for petroleum prospectivity in the ZJNB. </p>
RE-enactment or PRE-enactment: Function of Modality-specific Stimulation

Over the past two decades, there has been strong empirical evidence suggesting that while many aspects of knowledge of object use are partially determined by previous perceptions-motor experiences, some understanding of tools' function is more flexible under restrictive experimental reconditioning. This paper attempts to examine whether subjects' object knowledge is based on instantiation of prior experience or current body state and the nature of the task(s) asked to be performed. The proposal requires 72 healthy English-speaking subjects who have one of their hands temporarily constricted. The researchers would be then measuring their RTs' difference when the subjects are asked to perform a judgement task. Then, we will predict possible patterns of the data sets and provide a brief theoretical explanation.
Interdecadal and interannual evolution characteristics of the global surface precipitation anomaly shown by CMIP5 and CMIP6 models

Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models have limited capacity for depicting the variability of precipitation at interannual and interdecadal timescales. This study analyses the relative magnitude of interannual to multidecadal variability in annual precipitation across the world in the recently released CMIP6 dataset by quantifying the discrepancy between observed and modelled CMIP5 and CMIP6 data, considering both the absolute and relative magnitude of precipitation variability. We found that: (a) similar to CMIP5, CMIP6 models were short of capacity to simulate the non‐homogeneity in the relative magnitude of interdecadal variability, which is linked to prolonged drought and pluvials in terms of the strength value. The relative value of the interdecadal variability ranged from 15% to more than 30% in observation. Compared with observational data, the relative magnitude, having spatial uniformity, mostly ranged from 10 to 20% in CMIP5 and CMIP6. This result suggests that future projections lack a sufficient decadal variability in CMIP6, indicating a limited capacity for the prediction of floods and droughts in regions like central Africa, North America, and Amazonia; (b) Most individual models in CMIP6 had a better performance in terms of the spatial distribution of the interdecadal precipitation as compared to CMIP5. However, the absolute variations of the overall, interannual, and interdecadal precipitation of multi‐model ensemble simulations (MME) in CMIP6 were larger than those in CMIP5; (c) the underestimation of the interdecadal component in different areas was markedly decreased in East Asia, South Asia but increased in North and South Africa in CMIP6, when compared with CMIP5 and (d) For future scenarios, the higher the range of future forcing pathway is, the larger interdecadal and interannual variabilities are in all regions in CMIP6. For future persistent droughts and floods predicting in a specific region, it is necessary to consider the discrepancy between historical simulations and observational data, and select the performance‐plus models.
Phylogenetics of Paepalanthus (Eriocaulaceae), a diverse Neotropical monocot lineage

Paepalanthus is a diverse monocot genus with remarkable diversity distributed in the Neotropical highlands of South America. The genus comprises 410 species arranged in subgenera, sections, subsections and series. Added to this complex classification, Paepalanthus shows considerable morphological heterogeneity and includes three other genera in it, Actinocephalus (Körn.) Sano, Lachnocaulon Kunth and Tonina Aubl. A broadly sampled phylogenetic inference for the genus is still missing, precluding a better understanding of its delimitation and further studies in the group. Here we present the most comprehensive phylogenetic study for Paepalanthus to date, as well as morphological survey of characters that delimit the main lineages found. We assembled a morphologically and geographically representative sampling of Paepalanthus and associated genera comprising 356 accessions in a combined dataset of plastid (trnL-F, psbA-trnH) and nuclear (ITS, ETS) regions. Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods were used for phylogenetic reconstruction. We found that Paepalanthus and 16 of its 28 infrageneric categories are not monophyletic, as well as the closely related genus Actinocephalus. Thirty-six well-supported clades are recognized. Morphological characters show high levels of homoplasy, and concepts traditionally used in the classification of Paepalanthus were found to be inconsistent. We confirmed that Paepalanthus as currently circumscribed is not monophyletic and revealed several new relationships in Eriocaulaceae. To make Paepalanthus monophyletic, the genus must be re-circumscribed. These results also provide a foundation for future investigations of the diversification and evolution of flora of the Neotropical highlands of South America.