Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cloning and Sequence Analysis of 5S Ribosomal RNA Gene(s) and Associated Intergenic Spacer Regions in Carica Species

The 5S ribosomal RNA gene(s) and their associated intergenic spacer regions were amplified from Carica papaya and Carica quercifolia by polymerase chain reaction. Both Carica species exhibited differently sized amplification products. Sequence analysis of these PCR products revealed that the 5S rRNA genes are arranged as tandem repeats in these regions. Sequence data revealed that the 5S rRNA gene from Carica quercifolia was 119 bp in length. Sequence variation was observed in various 5S rRNA gene copies cloned from Carica quercifolia. Only truncated 5S rRNA gene but with its full spacer region was recovered from Carica papaya. Interestingly, intergenic spacer sequence cloned from Carica papaya contained two specific domains, a 30bp “CT” rich domain exhibiting 95-100% homology to several human chromosomes and a domain matching with mitrocomin precursor, a photoprotein from Mitrocoma cellularia. The role of 5S rRNA gene and their spacer regions in discerning the germplasm and in adaptation of the species is discussed.
Technological Advances in Ozone and Ozonized Water Spray Disinfection Devices

To control infectious diseases such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (Covid-19) that caused the current pandemic, disinfection measures are essential. Among building measures, disinfection chambers can help to decrease the transmission rate through the sanitizing capacity of the disinfectant used, which can thereby clean surfaces or humans. Out of existing biocides, ozone is considered one of the safest for humans, but one of the most powerful oxidizers, making the substance a better alternative as the biocidal solution in disinfection chambers. Analyses were carried out by using all patented documents related to disinfection chambers that used ozone as a disinfectant. A Derwent Innovation Index (DII) database search was undertaken to find these patents. Patent prospecting resulted in 620 patent documents that were divided into 134 patent families. There was no technology related to protective barriers for individuals, and the majority of patents in the retrieved data aimed at sterilizing medical devices and surfaces. Given that the specific Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC) code for ozone dissolved in liquid was used in the methodology search, but not included among the 10 most used codes in the patents, the use of ozonized water may be an innovative approach in the technology landscape of sterilization chambers.
Preparation and Performance of CL-20-based Ultraviolet-curable High-explosive Ink and Its Application in Rigid Explosive Networks by Direct Ink Writing

To improve the groove charge consistency and density and to reduce the initiation synchronicity error of a rigid multi-point initiation explosive network, a CL-20-based ultraviolet (UV)-curable high-explosive ink, comprising 42 wt. % sub-micron CL-20, a 55.4 wt. % binder system (including 2.0 wt.% NC and 53.4 wt.% butyl acetate), and 2.6 wt. % UV-curable resin, based on direct ink writing (DIW) technology, was prepared. The properties of the composite sample deposited via DIW were characterized. The results indicated that the sample had good uniformity, with few defects, and a critical detonation size of around 1.5×0.283 mm. A six-point initiation explosive network was designed for the integration of DIW technology and precise press-loading of the charge. The network featured six pre-pressed booster pellets with the same charge density (ρ0 = 1.89 g·cm−3, 95.8% of theoretical maximum density) as the output end charges, and a groove channel charged by DIW and press-loading. This procedure increased the density of the booster charge in the groove channels to 1.890 g·cm−3, effectively improved the consistency of the charge density between the groove Central European Journal of Energetic Materials ISSN 1733-7178; e-ISSN 2353-1843 Copyright © 2021 Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Poland 87 Preparation and Performance of CL-20-based Ultraviolet-curable High-explosive. Copyright © 2021 Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Poland channels and the output ends and lowered the initiation synchronicity error of the network to 62 ns. The network can initiate a jetting projectile charge (JPC) with good shape and small lateral offset, implying that the network initiation capability and synchronization meet the operational requirements of JPC
The causal relationship between corruption and irresponsible behavior in the time of COVID‐19: Evidence from Tunisia

Abstract This paper explores the causal relationship between irresponsible behavior and corruption in Tunisia in the time of COVID‐19. In our modeling approach, the abuse of power is used as a proxy for corruption, while lockdown breaches are used as a proxy for irresponsible behavior. Based on the vector error‐correction model, the Granger causality test is performed to identify the direction of the causal relationship. An empirical study involving the use of real data from the National Anticorruption Authority is conducted. The results reveal the existence of a unidirectional Granger causal relationship running from lockdown breaches to the abuse of power. These findings imply that the irresponsible behavior of Tunisians may constitute in itself a factor that can exacerbate their exposure to corruption in periods of crisis, especially in the absence of well‐established corporate social responsibility. The implications of our findings for public policy are also discussed.
Influence of porosity on thermal buckling behavior of functionally graded beams

The interest of this work is the analysis of the effect of porosity on the nonlinear thermal stability response of power law functionally graded beam with various boundary conditions. The modelling was done according to the Euler-Bernoulli beam model where the distribution of material properties is imitated polynomial function. The thermal loads are assumed to be not only uniform but linear as well non-linear and the temperature rises through the thickness direction. The effects of the porosity parameter, slenderness ratio and power law index on the thermal buckling of P-FG beam are discussed.
Computational Investigation for Practical HPLC Determination of Labetalol hydrochloride

Abstract An optimized and validated RP-HPLC showing no interference from the oxidative degradation product of labetalol hydrochloride (LBT) has been developed. Chromatographic separation of LBT from its oxidative degradation product (DLBT) was successfully achieved on BDS Hypersil C18 column using mobile phase consists of 25 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution; pH 4.50: methanol (50: 50, v/v) at flow rate of 1 ml/minute and UV detection at 250 nm. Good linear regression data was achieved in the concentration range 5-60 μg/ml. On the other hand, density functional theory was applied as a computational modeling to investigate the empirical results through study the strength of intermolecular interactions occurring between the studied molecules and the stationary phase and calculate the binding energy of the molecules-reversed phase complexes. Validation of the method was performed according to ICH guideline. The proposed method was applied for the determination of LBT in Labipress® tablets and the obtained results were statistically compared to those obtained by the official method showing no significant differences by applying t-test and F-test.
Conceptualizations of Teacher-leadership in Colombia: Evidence from Policies

This study sought to examine the conceptualization of teacher leadership in official education policies in Colombia with the aim of expanding the notion of this concept and providing information on the qualification of teachers in similar contexts. Content analysis was used to analyze documents focused on the recruitment, selection, and evaluation of teachers. The findings show that the concept of teacher leadership is nonexistent in Colombia and that the documents conceptualize leadership in terms of hierarchical figures, leaving aside the role of teachers in school improvement. However, traces of teacher leadership are found in connection to pedagogical leadership, promotion of a culture of evaluation, peacebuilding, and awareness of diversity. The study highlights the need to promote the image of the teacher as a leader and to improve the quality of initial and in-service preparation programs.
Anhydrous fuel ethanol production by a combined hydrophobic–hydrophilic pervaporation system

ABSTRACT In this study, a hybrid bioethanol production and purification system was designed and operated at different operation conditions. In the first stage, dilute ethanol (3 wt%) was produced by fermentation and concentrated to 80 wt% ethanol–water mixture by means of poly(dimethylsiloxane) membrane. In the second stage, residual water was purified to approximately 99% water content by using carboxymethyl cellulose membrane. The first stage is a fermentor, so the temperature was kept stable at 25°C. Effects of the operation variables such as temperature and concentration of the mixture on membrane separation performance were evaluated.
REVIEW OF THE STATE OF METHODOLOGICAL TRENDS IN OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING LITERATURE 2009-2018

Methodological trends are a key to the development of research in open and distance learning as a cognitive field. The purpose of this study was to review the methodological trends in the open and distance learning scholarly communication literature. It is important that research strategies are reviewed often to ensure the production of quality research output in a cognitive discipline. The study adopted qualitative content analysis to a sample of 1,393 articles published in five open and distance learning (ODL) journals from 2009 to 2018. The main findings of the study indicated that qualitative and quantitative methodologies were used more often than mixed methods research methodology, which was underrepresented. This implies that research in ODL relied heavily on positivist and interpretivist epistemologies, rather than pragmatist ones. Survey research approaches dominated in the research articles published in the ODL journals during the period under study. The main data analysis techniques were statistical and narrative techniques. Having ascertained that there is a gap in the use of mixed methods research in ODL, there is a need to set the future direction for open and distance learning research to focus on mixed methods research to minimise the weakness inherent in using only one method. Keywords: data analysis technique, methodological trends, open distance learning, research paradigm
Analysis of the target group of lactose-free functional foods for product development

The aim of this research was to assess the consumer habits of lactose sensitive persons in case of lactose-free products and their other shopping aspects for development of new, dairy-based lactose-free products. The research was based on face-to-face questionnaire survey, and those who declared to be lactose sensitive were analysed. Among them, only half of the women (49.3%) and one third of the men (34.6%) were medically proven lactose sensitive, so more than half of the respondents declared themselves affected on the basis of self-diagnosis. Our results show that reliably regular customers of lactose-free products are women and persons with medical diagnosis, high educational degree, and under the age of 30. The lactose-free consumer group prefers the following product features: lactose-free label; rich in calcium, vitamins, and fibre, and free of carbohydrate, sugar, and gluten. Only two-thirds of lactose sensitive customers (66.7%) consume lactose-free products regularly, so it can be assumed that the level of knowledge of this disease, its treatment, and the importance of lactose-free dairy products among these persons is insufficient. This could be solved with education, advertisement, and other information opportunities.
Development of the Calibration System and Characterization of the Avalanche Photodiode for Scintillation Detection

Branches of physics and application technologies have widely utilized avalanche photodiodes (APDs) by coupling of scintillators with advantages of multiplication process and effective photosensitivity in a wide range of visible light wavelength. In addition, to meet the requirements for the purpose of each experiment, various types of APDs have been developed. The calibration system and characteristics of APD were constructed and studied by comparing several calibration methods. Electronics calibration is presented with charge injection and quantum efficiency (QE)-calibrated photodiode. By utilizing visible light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and with conventional electronic characteristics and a scintillation crystal with 22Na radioactive source, the APD gain was measured. Furthermore, the following were measured from the calibration method: QE, excess noise factor, and noise level. In this article, we compare our test results with one another, which are provided in the datasheet presented by the manufacturer, and discuss the possibility of standardizing the characterization of APDs by this calibration system.
Use of Time–Temperature Superposition Principle to Create Pavement Performance Master Curves and Relate Pavement Condition Index and International Roughness Index

The international roughness index (IRI) is one of the most popular indices to measure pavement roughness. State agencies and cities with plenty of resources often collect IRI and pavement distresses every year or every other year, but some others with fewer resources will collect this information every 3 to 5 years. Collecting IRI is much more affordable than collecting pavement distresses. With this in mind, the objective of this paper was to establish a relationship between IRI and pavement condition index (PCI) using pavement deterioration models for both PCI and IRI based on the concept of time–deterioration superposition similar to the time–temperature superposition principle, and then combine both models to establish this relationship. Additionally, this study was used to establish threshold limits for IRI measurements that can be used as a general reference for pavement condition. Data from the Long-Term Pavement Performance InfoPave was used to perform the analysis for three network samples from Arizona, California, and Wisconsin. This analysis only included flexible pavements. The results from Arizona, California, and Wisconsin showed a good relationship between IRI and PCI using the proposed approach with a coefficient of determination ranging from 0.71 to 0.85. Furthermore, the analysis showed that the change in IRI over time can be related to the change in PCI over time. The general thresholds developed in this study apply to the sections evaluated but the approach can be used to set limits for other networks.
Realization of directional single-mode lasing by a GaN-based warped microring

Multimode and random directionalities are major issues restricting the application of whispering gallery mode microcavity lasers. We demonstrated a 40 μm diameter microring with an off-centered embedded hole and warped geometry from strained III-nitride quantum well multilayers. Single-mode directional whispering gallery mode lasing was achieved by the warped structure and high-order mode suppression induced by the off-centered hole. In addition, the introduction of the off-centered hole reduced the lasing threshold from 3.24 to 2.79 MW/cm2 compared with the warped microdisk without an embedded hole while maintaining a high-quality factor of more than 4000. Directional light emission in 3D was achieved and attributed to the warped structure, which provides a vertical component of the light emission, making it promising for building multifunctional coherent light sources in optoelectronic integration.
DERIVATION OF REFERENCE DOSES

This chapter contains a brief description of the methods used by toxicologists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to derive the U.S. Army’s interim reference doses (RfDs) for GA, GB, GD, VX, sulfur mustard, and lewisite. Those methods were based on the procedures outlined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for Superfund risk assessment guidelines (U.S. EPA, 1989) and for reference concentrations (U.S. EPA, 1994). An alternative method, the benchmark-dose (BD) approach (Crump, 1984), is also described. Because uncertainty factors are integral to both approaches, further consideration is also given to the statistical distribution and confidence associated with them. Because sulfur mustard is the only agent identified in this report as a carcinogen, a description of the derivation of the carcinogenic slope factor is presented in the section on sulfur mustard.
Tailward Flows in the Vicinity of Fast Earthward Flows

The occurrence of tailward flows in the magnetotail plasma sheet is closely linked to the dynamics of earthward bursty bulk flows (BBFs). Tailward flows that are observed in the vicinity of these BBFs (or TWABs – Tailward flows around BBFs) may hold unique information on its origin. In this study, we conduct a statistical survey on TWABs by using data from the Cluster mission. We find that TWABs are observed in the vicinity of ∼75% of the BBFs and their occurrence does not depend on BBF velocity magnitude. TWABs have a flow convection pattern consistent with the general tailward flows (GTWs) in the plasma sheet and they do not resemble vortical‐like flows. However, TWABs have a flow velocity magnitude twice larger than the GTWs. The plasma density and temperature of TWABs are comparable with BBFs. It is more common to observe a TWAB succeeding than preceding a BBF. However, there is no distinctive difference (in flow pattern, plasma density and temperature) between preceding and succeeding TWABs. We suggest that TWABs are likely the “freshly” rebounded BBFs from the near‐Earth region where the magnetic field is stronger. TWABs may represent the early stage of the evolution of tailward flows in the plasma sheet. We also discuss and argue that other mechanisms such as shear‐induced vortical flows and tailward slipping of depleted flux tubes cannot be the principal causes of TWABs.
Stereo visual odometry with velocity constraint for ground vehicle applications

Abstract This paper proposes a novel method of error mitigation for stereo visual odometry (VO) applied in land vehicles. A non-holonomic constraint (NHC), which imposes physical constraint to the rightward velocity of a land vehicle, is implemented as an observation in an extended Kalman filter (EKF) to reduce the drift of stereo VO. The EKF state vector includes position errors in an Earth-centred, Earth-fixed (ECEF) frame, velocity errors in the camera frame, angular rate errors and attitude errors. All the related equations are described and presented in detail. In this approach, no additional sensors are used but NHC, namely velocity constraint in the right direction , is applied as an external measurement to improve the accuracy. Tests are conducted with the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Toyota Technological Institute (KITTI) datasets. Results show that the relative horizontal positioning error improved from 0⋅63% to 0⋅22% on average with the application of the velocity constraints. The maximum and root mean square of the horizontal error with velocity constraints are both reduced to less than half of the error with stand-alone stereo VO.
Effect of Different Drying Processes on the Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Thinned Young Apple

Abstract In China, there are about 1.6 million tons of thinned young apples (TYAs) every year after blossoming and fruit thinning. These resulting fruits, in reality, could be utilized as agricultural and food resource. This study was undertaken to evaluate the influence on physical properties, bioactive attributes of TYAs that were subjected to chosen drying techniques. In general, significant differences (p < 0.05) exist in physical appearance and polyphenol. Antioxidant capacity was also investigated on the basis of assay for Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) by 2,2ʹ-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), reducing power and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging ability. Judging from the results, it was concluded that hot air drying at 60℃ is appropriate for large-scale production; furthermore, vacuum freeze drying tends to manufacture high-value up-market TYA products that are available to give the best results for dehydrated fruits. It is suggested that TYA has great potential in the food industry as functional ingredient.
The Effects of Geriatric Depression on Suicide Intention: The Moderating Effects of Positive Psychological Capital

: The purpose of this study was to provide primary data that could improve the quality of life and prevent suicide incidence in the elderly group. A survey was conducted on 746 persons aged 65 and above at senior welfare centers and local community centers for the elderly in S City and G and G Provinces. The subjects were measured for geriatric depression, suicide intention, and positive psychological capital and the following results were obtained: First, the more depressed the subject was, the stronger the subject's intention to commit suicide was. Second, positive psychological capital partially affected the suicide intention. Third, depression and positive psychological capital produced partial effects. Lastly, the association between geriatric depression and suicide intention, along with the moderating effects of positive psychological capital, which tends to serve as a buffer between the two variables, were demonstrated. This study is significant because it determined the association between the effects of geriatric depression on suicide intention and positive psychological capital and demonstrated the importance of positive psychological capital in preventing suicide in the elderly population. The findings are expected to provide basic data that can help develop interventional schemes and policies for elderly suicide prevention by presenting the moderating effects of positive psychological capital.
Video captioning via a symmetric bidirectional decoder

The dominant video captioning methods employ the attentional encoder–decoder architecture, where the decoder is an autoregressive structure that generates sentences from left ‐ to ‐ right. However, these methods generally suffer from the exposure bias issue and neglect the guidance of future output contexts obtained from the right ‐ to ‐ left decoding. Here, the authors propose a new symmetric bidirectional decoder for video captioning. The authors first integrate the self ‐ attentive multi ‐ head attention and bidirectional gated recurrent unit for capturing the long ‐ term semantic dependencies in videos. The authors then apply one single decoder to generate accurate descriptions from left ‐ to ‐ right and right ‐ to ‐ left simultaneously. The decoder in each decoding direction performs two cross ‐ attentive multi ‐ head attention modules to consider both the past hidden states from the same decoding direction and the future hidden states from the reverse decoding direction at each time step. A symmetric semantic ‐ guided gated attention module is specially devised to adaptively suppress the irrelevant or misleading contents in the past or future output contexts and retain the useful ones for avoiding under ‐ description. Experimental evaluations on two widely applied benchmark datasets: Microsoft research video to text and Microsoft video description corpus, demonstrate that the authors' proposed method obtains substantially state ‐ of ‐ the ‐ art performance, which validates the superiority of the bidirectional decoder.