Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
X-ray conversion efficiency in vacuum hohlraum experiments at the National Ignition Facility

X-ray fluxes measured in the first 96 and 192 beam vacuum hohlraum experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) were significantly higher than predicted by computational simulations employing XSN average atom atomic physics and highly flux-limited electron heat conduction. For agreement with experimental data, it was found that the coronal plasma emissivity must be simulated with a detailed configuration accounting model that accounts for x-ray emission involving all of the significant ionization states. It was also found that an electron heat conduction flux limit of f = 0.05 is too restrictive, and that a flux limit of f = 0.15 results in a much better match with the NIF vacuum hohlraum experimental data. The combination of increased plasma emissivity and increased electron heat conduction in this new high flux hohlraum model results in a reduction in coronal plasma energy and, hence, an explanation for the high (∼85%-90%) x-ray conversion efficiencies observed in the 235 < Tr < 345 eV NIF vacuum.
Moral vs. non-moral attribution in adolescence: Environmental and behavioural correlates

According to the domain theory, moral rules are universal, not contingent on rules and authority, and are activated by avoiding harm to other people. Not all individuals, however, interpret moral events in terms of domain in a similar manner. The hypotheses of the present research were: (i) a high exposure to deviant context will affect the manner in which adolescents interpret moral events and their involvement in antisocial behaviour; (ii) the moral attribution style will directly affect involvement in antisocial behaviour and mediate the relationship between deviant context and antisocial behaviour. Four hundred fifty-three adolescents completed self-report questionnaires about their involvement in antisocial behaviours, their friends' involvement, and their exposure to community violence as a witness. Moral versus non-moral attribution (MNMA) was evaluated through a questionnaire consisting of hypothetical scenarios of moral violations followed by questions related to the above-mentioned criteria. Findings, obtained testing a model, were consistent with the hypotheses. Adolescents who live in violent contexts and attend deviant friends tend to interpret moral violation in terms of non-moral domains and are more engaged in antisocial behaviours. Results are discussed with respect to the literature about normativeness of deviance and its consequences.
An Analysis on the Fire Model and the Safety Evacuation Based on BIM

With the increasing number of domestic buildings, the importance of safety evacuation in case of fire in the buildings has been aware. Taking a certain public building as the research subject, the author of the thesis imports the 3D model processed by Revit software into such softwares as Pyrosim and Building Exodus by which the 3D model is converted into the Fire model and the Evacuation model, then conducts the analysis of safety evacuation via the evacuation software according to its detailed description of the fire. The analysis results are compared with the fire in time,then optimize the building model in order to achieve the safety requirements.The appliance of the BIM model into the practice of safety evacuation in buildings is considered as the manifestation of the data-orientation and visualization of the BIM model, and it would provide the future practice of evacuation with significant guidance
Gain‐scheduled ℋ︁2 controller synthesis for linear parameter varying systems via parameter‐dependent Lyapunov functions

This paper deals with the problem of gain‐scheduled ℋ︁2 control for linear parameter‐varying systems. The system state–space model matrices are affinely parameterized and the admissible values of the parameters and their rate of variation are supposed to belong to a given convex bounded polyhedral domain. Based on a parameter‐dependent Lyapunov function, a linear matrix inequality methodology is proposed for designing a gain‐scheduled state feedback ℋ︁2 controller, where the feedback gain is a matrix fraction of polynomial matrices with quadratic dependence on the scheduling parameters. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A mathematical study of a model of magnetic domain interactions

In this paper, we initiate a study into the combinatorial aspects of a model of the interactions between discrete magnetic domains and their potential use in information processing devices. Starting with a simple model suggested by W. Shockley, we demonstrate certain (surprising) capabilities as well as inherent limitations upon the possible applications of the interactions described by this model. It should be noted that this simple model does not take into account all of the possible interactions between magnetic domains.
Potencialidades analíticas do dietilditiofosfato de amônio em espectrometria de massas com plasma indutivamente acoplado empregando extração em fase sólida e sistemas de injeção em fluxo

Um sistema de injeção em fluxo envolvendo complexação com dietilditiofosfato de amônio e sorção de complexos metálicos em minicolunas de sílica gel modificada por grupos octadecil C18, é proposto para determinações multielementares em espectrometria de massa com plasma indutivamente acoplado. Influência da concentração de reagentes, natureza do ácido, tempo de reação, tempos de comutação, vazões e interferência de sódio foram investigadas. Água ou solução 2% (v/v) HNO3 podem ser utilizadas para lavar a coluna antes da eluição dos analitos com etanol. Amostras contendo 5.000 mg Na L-1 e analisadas diretamente com o sistema proposto produzem uma concentração aparente de 63Cu de 0,45 µg L-1; por outro lado não foi observada interferência para As, Pb, Bi, Se, In, Tl, Cd, Hg e 65Cu. Para 0,25 % (m/v) ADTP4DTP e 3 mL de solução de amostra, curvas analíticas para Bi, Cu, Pb, As, Se, In, Tl, Cd, Hg no intervalo de 0,10 a 2,00 µg L-1, podem ser construídas com boas correlações (r2 > 0.998). A velocidade analítica e sensibilidade podem ser melhoradas, pois dependem das condições de pré-concentração e eluição selecionadas. Limites de detecção: 0,014(Cu), 0,027(As), 0,06(Se), 0,02(Cd), 0,029(In), 0,043(Hg), 0,02(Tl), 0,06(Pb) e 0,002 µg L-1(Bi).
Face Recognition by Bunch Graph Method Using a Group Based Adaptive Tolerant Neural Network

paper presents a new method for feature extraction from the facial image by using bunch graph method. These extracted geometric features of the face are used subsequently for face recognition by utilizing the group based adaptive neural network. This method is suitable, when the facial images are rotation and translation invariant. Further the technique also free from size invariance of facial image and is capable of identifying the facial images correctly when corrupted with noise/ camouflage. The method shows a result of 97% correct result in facial database of 320 images of 10 classes. The technique can be extended easily to incorporate the rotational invariance of the images.
Comparison of degradation mechanisms of blue‐violet laser diodes grown on SiC and GaN substrates

In this work we present degradation studies of GaN based blue‐violet laser diodes grown on different substrates. By replacing the SiC substrate by GaN substrate, we change from hetero to homo epitaxy, while the threading dislocation density (TDD) is reduced by 3 orders of magnitude. A detailed analysis of small signal I –V curves shows an increase of non radiative (NR) recombination centers during aging for laser diodes on SiC substrate. This was not observed for lasers on GaN substrate due to the reduced TDD and therefore reduced number of diffusion channels for Mg‐atoms, acting as NR recombination centers in the active region. With an improved epitaxial structure on GaN substrate, we increased the lifetime of our lasers by a factor of 10. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Winning Hearts and Minds: Business-to-Business Branding and the Role of the Salesperson

Many business-to-business firms recognise that strong brands can be a valuable resource in today's competitive business environment. To realise the potential of B2B brands, effective communication of brand values is essential. In most B2B markets, the primary form of brand communication is through the sales force and their ability to adapt sales strategies and messages to accommodate customer interactions. There are gaps in the literature regarding the brand value communication process in the customer-salesperson dyad. We argue that successful B2B brand communication requires sales strategies that incorporate brand values appealing to the emotional and the rational concerns of organisational buyers. This paper examines the brand communication process in the salesperson-customer dyad and the extent to which adaptive selling based on a brand platform of rational and emotional brand values could better respond to buying centre members.
A microcomputer program for prediction of bottomhole assembly trajectory

Le modele statique a deux dimensions ORPHEE 2D est un modele de calcul par elements finis de l'inclinaison de l'assemblage en fond de trou. Il est developpe par Elf Aquitaine. En tenant compte des forces generees entre l'assemblage et les parois du sondage, il permet de calculer par un processus iteratif la «courbe d'equilibre» de l'assemblage et d'en deduire le gradient d'inclinaison du forage. La confrontation des resultats calcules avec les donnees enregistrees dans quatre puits horizontaux Lacq 90, Lacq 91, Castera Lou 110H en France et Rosjo Mare 6D en Italie souligne l'importance de l'elargissement du diametre du trou qui depend de la vitesse d'avancement du trepan. Il est necessaire de tenir compte de ces parametres dans la modelisation
Reciprocity Failure Of Phosphors Used In Streak Cameras

A reduction in the efficiency of phosphors ( P 11 & P 20 ), when used in picosecond streak tubes is reported. A loss of the order of 100 times is estimated. This is identified as the main reasonfor the inability of present day streak cameras to record single photo-electrons from the photo-cathode of the streak tube. It is suggested that work should be carried out on the efficiency of phosphors energised by sub-nanosecond bursts of electrons. The authors suspect that the use of a silicon target instead of a phosphor will vastly improve the recording ability of a streak tube as the efficiency of such a transducer is not expected to fall drastically for short duration electron pulses.
From Adversarial Imitation Learning to Robust Batch Imitation Learning

Imitation learning (IL) aims to learn a behavior policy through imitating the behavior of an expert. While successfully achieving high performance in various domains, IL lacks an established set of evaluation metrics that makes comparing algorithms and identifying their shortcomings difficult. This thesis proposes a suite of evaluation metrics for imitation learning, and benchmarks Behavior Cloning (BC) and Generative Adversarial Imitation Learning (GAIL), two baseline IL algorithms. Our results challenge the consensus that GAIL is favorable to BC, and argue that any perceived gain is due to a non-standard training methodology employed in prior work. In addition, these evaluations discover a shortcoming in both algorithms that has not been adequately addressed. That is, they are susceptible to expert data that consists of a mixture of optimal and degraded trajectories. Due to the noisy nature of expert data, this significantly hampers the usability of IL in the real-world. Building on recent insights from batch reinforcement learning (BIL) as well as self-supervised reward learning, I propose and study a novel batch imitation learning algorithm, Disagreement-Regularized Batch-Constrained-Q Imitation Learning (DRBIL), which learns without any interaction with the environment and is robust to expert data degradation. These properties ensure that DRBIL can learn a good policy without the agent taking risky actions or overfitting to degraded expert trajectories. I instantiate DRBIL in MuJoCo domains and demonstrate state-of-art IL performance as well as robustness to data degradation. Together, this thesis takes an important step forward in making IL rigorous and suggests a new BIL framework that is widely adaptable and satisfies critical safety desiderata.
Groundwater Drought Sensitivity of Southern Manitoba

Groundwater level observations in Manitoba show that a drought affecting soil and surface water does not necessarily correspond to low water levels in aquifers. In fact, the opposite has been observed; groundwater levels have been at maximum high while a drought has been reported and, on the other hand, very low groundwater levels have been observed while summer precipitation has been well above average. Consequently it is necessary to differentiate a drought in the general sense from a groundwater drought. Hence the term groundwater drought should be used where drought in respect to groundwater is meant. Groundwater drought takes place when water level in an aquifer or a part of an aquifer that usually yields adequate supply drops to the base of the aquifer or to a level where wells are practically dry. Most aquifers in Manitoba are groundwater drought proof. In particular, major high yield aquifers developed for municipal and industrial requirements are drought proof. Only a few small areas in Manitoba,.
Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Marine Ecosystem in the North Indian Ocean: A Model Evaluation Study

We have investigated the climatological and interannual variability of biogeochemical cycles in the north Indian Ocean with simulations of TOPAZ (Tracers Of Phytoplankton with Allometric Zooplankton) during 1949–2009. Model simulations have been carried out with climatological and interannual fluxes forcings and the results have been evaluated by using the available data from different sources in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. The model captures significant spatial and seasonal features in surface chlorophyll and primary productivity observed in satellite data. Seasonal and interannual variations, and profiles of a few of the state variables obtained from the coupled model simulations compare well with the cruise and satellite data at a few stations for many seasons in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. We have also studied the spatial, seasonal and interannual variations of sea surface temperature (SST) and surface chlorophyll anomalies in the north Indian Ocean using model simulation results and satellite data. It is seen that a negative surface chlorophyll anomaly correlates well with a positive SST anomaly.
Oscillatory Behavior of Transonic Aeroelastic Instability Boundaries

T HE use of computational aeroelasticity employing high-fidelity CFD-based (computational fluid dynamics-based) nonlinear aerodynamics has matured from a research exercise to a powerful tool in engineering applications. The stability of an aeroelastic system can be inferred froma time-marching simulation following an initial excitation. Calculations of complete aircraft configurations have been made [1,2]. The time-accurate approach is very capable due to its generality. However, it carries significant computational costs, in particular to solve for the unsteady, nonlinear transonic aerodynamics. One alternative approach uses the theory of dynamic systems to predict aeroelastic instabilities. An eigenvalue-based calculation solves the stability problem for a steady-state solution of the aeroelastic system instead of performing unsteady simulations [3–6]. The “typical section” aerofoil of Isogai [7,8], used to represent the bending and torsional behavior of a wing structure, is a benchmark case for methods predicting aeroelastic instabilities. Figure 1 shows a comparison between results from different numerical methods [7–11] illustrating the instability boundary as flutter speed index VF vs freestream Mach number. The s-shape of the curve in the deep transonic region, giving a second stable branch for higher values of the flutter speed index, is distinct for the inviscid aerodynamic modeling approaches. The current solver (BIFOR) allows the instability boundary to be resolvedwith small steps inMach number. The averageMach number increment in the “transonic dip” region is 2:0 10 , giving a total number of more than 200 individual points on the shown boundary, which required less than 4 h of computation on a desktop computer. Taking a close-up view, the small steps inMach number reveal an oscillatory behavior in the transonic regime. These oscillations merit a closer investigation, and, therefore, the NACA 0012 aerofoil configuration defined in [3] as “heavy case” is considered in the current note. II. Numerical Method
Axisymmetric creeping flow past a porous prolate spheroidal particle using the Brinkman model

A boundary-value solution to axisymmetric creeping flow past and through a porous prolate spheroidal particle is presented. The Brinkman model for the flow inside the porous medium and the Stokes model for the free-flow region in their stream function formulations are used. As boundary conditions, continuity of velocity, pressure and tangential stresses across the interface are employed. A mainly analytical procedure for calculating the required eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for the porous region part of the solution is proposed. The coefficients of the convergent series expansions of the general solutions for the stream functions, and thus for the velocity, pressure, vorticity and stress fields, both for the flow inside and outside the porous particle, can be calculated to any desired degree of accuracy as the solution of a truncated algebraic system of linear equations, once the eigenvalues to the Brinkman equation for a given focal distance and permeability have been computed. The drag force experienced by the porous particle is then given as a function of only one of these coefficients. Streamline-pattern and drag-force dependence on permeability and focal distance are presented and discussed
An accurate Galactic N(sub H) map of the north ecliptic pole

The Galactic HI column density was measured at 21 min angular resolution over an 8 deg x 9 deg region centered on the north ecliptic pole. Over the region N(sub H) varies smoothly between 3 x 10(exp 20) atoms/sq cm and 8 x 10(exp 20) atoms/sq cm; some structure is seen over most of the map on an 0.5 - 1 deg scale. There are other possible sources of interstellar opacity in this direction which may add an equivalent 10(exp 20)/sq cm of HI. We evaluate the effect of uncertainties in the HI column density on implied X-ray fluxes of extragalactic objects.
Schooling, Socioeconomic Context and Literacy Development

This longitudinal study examined the relationship between schooling, literacy development, and socioeconomic context, as reflected by a composite measure of socioeconomic status (SES). Reading, spelling, and phonological abilities were assessed from kindergarten to grade three in Canadian children in a school district with intensive literacy activities. In kindergarten, there were significant associations between SES and all the abilities assessed but these associations declined systematically to non‐significant levels by grade three. Risk and prevalence of reading failure also decreased with more schooling. The results suggest that the attenuation of the association between SES and literacy‐related skills, and the progressive reduction of the risk for reading failure, were positive outcomes associated with the literacy school program, especially in the early grades.
An incomplete model of RRATs and of nulls mode-changes and subpulses

A model for pulsars with polar-cap magnetic flux density B antiparallel with rotational spin is described. It recognizes the significance of two elementary processes, proton production in electromagnetic showers and photoelectric transitions in ions accelerated through the blackbody radiation field, which must be present at the polar cap in the antiparallel case, but not for pulsars of the opposite spin direction. The two populations are likely to be indistinguishable observationally until curvature radiation pair creation ceases to be possible. The model generates, and provides a physically realistic framework for, the polar-cap potential fluctuations and their time-scales that can produce mode-changes and nulls. The RRATs are then no more than an extreme case of the more commonly observed nulls. The model is also able to support the basic features of subpulse drift and to some extent the null-memory phenomenon that is associated with it. Unfortunately, it appears that the most important neutron-star parameter for quantitative predictive purposes is the whole-surface temperature, a quantity which is not readily observable at the neutron-star ages concerned.
Long-term Association of Stock Markets of Different Nations: An Empirical Study

Globalization has its own problems. Though, it was brought as a solution to many issues and going to be a life changer. It was like that but along with that, globalization has integrated the world and any problem coming to one corner gets percolated to other corners of the world soon. In stock market this issue is more prominent because stock market works on information which is reflected in the share prices. In this article the impact of long-term integration among the stock markets is studied. Johansen’s Co-integration test in Vector Auto Regressive (VAR) framework has been used to establish the long-term association among the stock markets. Financial crisis of 2008 has been used as reference point and comparison in the long-term association has been studied. It was found that the long-term association is present and has been decreased after the crisis.
Multi-point robust design optimization of wind turbine airfoil under geometric uncertainty

Modern wind turbine airfoil designs are increasingly emphasizing low sensitivity to the leading edge roughness in addition to good aerodynamic performances under varying wind conditions. In this study, a multi-point robust design optimization method has been systematically established for the wind turbine airfoil. The objective is to not only maximize the lift-to-drag ratio and lift coefficient at and near the design point, but also minimize their sensitivity to the leading edge roughness associated with the geometry profile uncertainty. The geometry parameterization of the airfoil is conducted by the Bezier curves. In the robust optimization, the multi-objective genetic algorithm, Monte Carlo simulation technique, and artificial neural network model are used. The results show that both the robust Pareto optimal (RPO) and deterministic Pareto optimal (DPO) airfoils have higher lift-to-drag ratio and lift coefficient than the original design FX 63-137 at and near the design point. A smaller maximum camber and larger radii near the leading edge help the RPO airfoil outperform both the DPO and original ones in terms of low sensitivity to the leading edge roughness. This study may be useful to the future development of the wind turbine airfoils with higher efficiency and reliability.
Production of Glassy Coil Springs by Warm Coiling of Zr-based Glassy Alloy Wires

This study examines forming of coil springs from glassy alloy wires by warm coiling. Glassy Zr-Al-Ni-Cu alloy wires with a diameter of 1 mm were prepared by the rotating grooved-disk casting method and were wound round metal molds which were heated up to the supercooled liquid region of the alloy. Coil springs with mean diameters of 19 mm and 7.2 mm were formed by the warm coiling process. The coil springs formed within 1.8 ks in a temperature range between 673 K and 723 K maintained the glassy state, while the part heated for longer time in the coil spring formed at temperatures between 693 K and 743 K was crystallized. The spring constants of the coil springs measured by compressive test agree with the respective spring constant values calculated from the dimensions of the springs and the shear modulus of the alloy.