Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gene flow in Trinidadian guppies

In 1957, guppies Poecilia reticulata from the Caroni drainage were introduced into habitat suitable for (but devoid of) guppies upstream of a waterfall in the Turure River of the Oropuche drainage. Previous allozyme studies, describing gene flow due to both sexes, showed that guppies downstream of the waterfall barrier represent an admixture of native and introduced genotypes. Using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay of the highly divergent mitochondrial NADH2 gene only 12% of genotypes in the downstream population were shown here to correspond to the native matriline. The prevalence of introduced genotypes is discussed in the context of sexual conflict theory.
Corrigendum

Wang, P., Walumbwa, F. O. , Wang, H. , & Aryee, S. (2013). Unraveling the relationship between family-supportive supervisor and employee performance. Group & Organization Management, 38, 258-287. (Original DOI: 10.1177/1059601112472726)
Suppression of Bean Defense Pseudomonas syringae Responses bY

We have developed a model system to examine suppression of defense responses in bean by the compatible bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv phaseolicola. Previously, we have shown that there is a general mechanism for the induction of the bean defense genes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), and chitinase (CHT) by incompatible, compatible, and nonpathogenic bacteria. Here, we show that bean plants infiltrated with isolates of R s. phaseolicola failed to produce transcripts for PAL, CHS, or CHI up to 120 hr after infiltration and CHT transcript accumulation was significantly delayed when compared to the incompatible R syringae strains. Infiltration of bean plants with 108 cells per mL of R s. phaseolicola NPS3121 8 hr prior to infiltration with an equal concentration of incompatible R s. pv tabaci Pt11528 significantly reduced the typical profile of defense transcript accumulation when compared to plants infiltrated with Pt11528 alone. A corresponding suppression of phytoalexin accumulation was also observed. NPS3121 also suppressed PAL, CHS, CHI, and CHT transcript accumulation and phytoalexin production induced by Escherichia col i DH5a or the elicitor glutathione. Heat-killed NPS3121 cells or cells treated with protein synthesis inhibitors lost the suppressor activity. Taken together, these experiments suggest that NPS3121 has an active mechanism to suppress the accumulation of defense transcripts and phytoalexin biosynthesis in bean.
Teachers' versus Parents' Perceptions of Professionalism of Early Childhood Teachers: A Mixed-Methods Study

IT IS OF CONCERN THAT the professionalism of early childhood teachers (PECT) is nebulous in the eyes of the public, and parents' perceptions of PECT may become an obstacle to the school–home partnership. This study explores teachers' versus parents' perceptions of the various characteristics of PECT to identify gaps among them and suggest ways to close these gaps. A mixed-methods research methodology was employed with 219 teacher and parent participants in Singapore. The quantitative findings indicate first that the teachers perceived PECT to be composed of two dimensions as two levels of capacity: fundamental pedagogical capacity and accumulated classroom studies of children. In contrast, the parents perceived PECT as a single dimension. Second, the gaps between teachers' and parents' perceptions were identified as four factor items of PECT, including characteristics of understanding a child's needs, being able to create good relations with children, professional development and valuing of ethics. We discuss these findings and suggest how to reach coherent views on PECT and create better dynamics between the two parties.
Late Roman Pottery at Amarna and Related Studies.

simi�ar finds of the Fourth and Sixth Dynasties at Te�� Mardikh/eb�a is made. A�ain, in Section vI, which is concerned with the rock inscriptions of kin�s and expedition �eaders within and outside the Ni�e va��ey, the omission of the �on� known Fourth Dynasty records at Bir Menikh in the etbai desert is re�rettab�e, as is that of the contemporary records from the desert quarries behind Toshka. Another interestin� feature of this work is that bio�raphica� inscriptions are arran�ed in a topo�raphica� order rather than in a chrono�o�ica� one, which wou�d be more prone to uncertainty. A �ar�e section pertains to the Memphite necropo�is (Section XvI), fo��owed by another one referrin� to the country (Section XvII), nome by nome, from South to North. But how cou�d a reader who is not particu�ar�y acquainted with famous individua�s discover that Nekhebu’s renowned inscriptions are found under no. 198 (p. 205), since in the name index on�y the ‘�reat name’ of that officia� (Ankhmeryremeryptah) is �isted? Some entries in the G�ossary may be mis�eadin�; see, for instance, Thoth (p. 509) ‘scribe of the �ods’, but actua��y (on p. 136) ‘the �ord of terror’! Perhaps this ��ossary and the correspondin� one in the vo�ume by J. P. A��en on the Pyramid Texts shou�d have been made to conform to each other. S�ips are very rare, but inc�ude the fo��owin�:
Effects of sprouting time on biochemical and nutritional qualities of Mungbean varieties

Effect of sprouting time (0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h) on the biochemical and nutritional qualities of two mungbean varieties (Ramzan and NM-98) was investigated. Seeds of mungbean varieties were sprouted in laboratory under room conditions (25°C). Starting from the second day of germination, and every day, dishes of germinating seeds were removed, oven-dried, weighed and milled for proximate and chemical analysis. Vitamin C was determined in the fresh samples without drying. Results revealed that in proximate composition, sprouting resulted in increase of most of the parameters except fat and NFE, which were significantly reduced. Sprouting also resulted in almost linear increase in the concentration of vitamin C and protein contents. Phytic acid decreased from an initial average value of 1.88 to 0.33% with 96 h sprouting. It can be concluded that sprouting improved the nutritional worth of the mungbean in terms of higher concentration of nutrients, reduced phytic acid, improved protein content and ascorbic acid. Key words: Mungbean, germination, proximate composition, phytic acid, ascorbic acid.
Overinvestment, subsequent earnings management, and CEO tenure

In this study, I empirically examine whether the managers of firms that overinvest have an incentive to subsequently distort financial information for keeping up with stakeholders’ expectations about investment returns. Also, because CEO tenure is related to the capacity of the manager to influence both firm’s resources allocation and the financial reporting process, I hypothesise that the expected positive association between overinvestment and subsequent earnings management does not hold for newly appointed CEOs. By using several proxies for both overinvestment and earnings management to test my expectations, results suggest that firms’ current overinvestment is positively associated with subsequent earnings management, measured through both the opportunistic use of accruals and sales manipulation. Finally, empirical tests support the expectation that the opportunistic behaviour of concealing investment inefficiencies through subsequent earnings management only holds for CEOs with greater tenure.
Personal Intelligence

A model of personal intelligence is developed. Personal intelligence is defined as the capacity to reason about personality and to use personality and personal information to enhance one's thoughts, plans, and life experience. Approaches to related concepts such as intrapersonal intelligence and psychological-mindedness are reviewed. Next, a model of personal intelligence is proposed that emphasizes the capacity to: a) recognize personally-relevant information; b) form accurate models of personality; c) guide one's choices by using personality information; and d) systematize one's goals, plans, and life stories. A discussion examines the possible contributions and limitations of the personal intelligence concept.
Changes in abundances of forest understorey birds on Africa's highest mountain suggest subtle effects of climate change

Understanding how species respond to climate and land use change is of prime importance for biodiversity conservation. However, studies using historical, empirical data to understand species responses to climate change and anthropogenic habitat disturbance remain scarce, especially for tropical mountain ecosystems. Here, we compare historical to recent mist net data to study changes in abundance of forest understorey birds along two elevational gradients.
Acalypha indica Linn is a potential source of root-knot nematode infestation in cultivated fields

Acalypha indica L. is a commonly growing weed in India, which is also known as Indian Acalypha. These plants were growing as a weed in pots wherein okra was planted for experimental purpose. Infestation of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita was observed on it. Soil and root samples were collected for analyses of nematode infestation. Roots of the infested plants were galled measuring gall index (GI) of 3-4. The population density of second stage juveniles (J 2 ) in soil varies from 378-752/200cc soil and the roots were harboring 3876-7654 eggs/per root system. The root galling and presence of high population of nematode eggs and J 2 revealed that A. indica can be a reservoir for M. incognita during non-host cropping and serve as a source of infestation to other hosts in the next cropping season. So, in the light of present findings growers are advised to be watchful for A. indica in their fields, and keep the field free from this weed to minimize the infestation of M. incognita in the next crop.
Building the Capacity of Family Day Care Educators to Promote Children's Social and Emotional Wellbeing: Results of an Exploratory Cluster Randomised-Controlled Trial

THIS PAPER PRESENTS THE results of an exploratory cluster randomised-controlled trial that was used to pilot Thrive, a capacity-building program for family day care (FDC) educators. Participants were educators and coordinators from one FDC service in Melbourne, Australia. Data collection consisted of a survey including information on costs, an in-home quality of care observation and process evaluation. Data was collected over 12 months (2011–2012), at baseline and one, six and 12 months post-intervention. Positive caregiver interaction scores increased over time for the intervention group: F (3, 51.69) = 3.08, p < 0.05, and detached interaction scores decreased over time: F (3, 51.19) = 2.78, p < 0.05. Educators' knowledge and confidence in children's social and emotional wellbeing showed no significant change. Thrive gives important information about the challenges FDC educators face and is relevant to implementing changes in their education and support. For a program like Thrive to be successful in engaging educators, a stronger framework for supporting additional learning activities at both the FDC organisational and scheme level is warranted.
Thermography evaluation of a bioreactor’s heat loss to surrounding environment

The thermal losses of a bioreactor have to be compensated for fermentation process maintaining (the temperature first of all). In order to decrease consume heat by the bioreactor and to make up thermal losses a heat insulation has been performed. In this paper a noncontact and nondestructive thermography qualification of the thermal losses and evaluation of the heat insulation’s quality for an anaerobic bioreactor is offered. By using software Researcher a thermography analysis for three different cases (without compensated heat losses; with one layer of thermal insulation; with two layers thermal insulation) is carried out. The received results show the advantages of the used approach for qualification of different kind of heat insulations
Elemental fingerprints of southern calamary (Sepioteuthis australis) reveal local recruitment sources and allow assessment of the importance of closed areas

Movement of individuals over a range of temporal and spatial scales is a critical process in determining the structure and size of populations. For most marine species, a substantial amount of movement that is responsible for connecting subpopulations occurs when individuals are too small and numerous to be tagged using conventional methods. Using the elemental fingerprints of the statoliths of the squid Sepioteuthis australis and a robust machine learning classification technique, this study determined that newly hatched squid had elemental signatures that exhibited sufficient spatial variation to act as natural tags for natal origin and that elemental signatures can be used to allocate adult squid back to their natal site. Between 55% and 84% of the adult squid caught throughout the east and southeast of Tasmania, Australia, were classified back to an area that is closed to commercial fishing over much of the peak spawning period, and this was the only location with substantive evidence of natal recruit.
Performance and stability of performance of spring wheat variety mixtures in organic and conventional management systems in western Canada

SUMMARY Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety mixtures represent a relatively unexplored avenue for maintaining and stabilizing yield for both organic and conventional producers. The present study examined the responses of three Canadian western red spring wheat varieties in sole crop and in variety mixtures to varying levels of simulated and natural competition, as well as environmental stress at one conventionally and two organically managed locations in central Alberta, Canada, between 2003 and 2005. Three modern hard red spring wheat varieties (Superb, semi-dwarf; AC Intrepid, early maturing and 5600HR, tall), along with 13 two- and three-way variety mixtures, were planted under two levels of simulated weed (Brassica juncea L.) competition at each of the eight location-years. The B. juncea weed competition treatment decreased yields at all locations. Overall yield was lowest at the certified organic farm and highest under conventional management. Sole-crop semi-dwarf Superb and all three Superb–Intrepid mixture entries consistently yielded among the highest, regardless of management system, testing location or competition treatment. The 1:1 and 1:2 Superb–Intrepid mixture entries were the most stable of all entries tested. Early season vigour was strongly associated with yield, with the strongest correlation occurring under low-moisture, low-nutrient, high-competition conditions at the certified organic farm. Spring wheat variety mixtures may provide greater stability with little or no reduction in yield, while providing greater competitive ability.
Proximate causation of stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans (L.)) host use : the influence of phenology and host blood suitability

The biting fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) has become a cosmopolitan pest of livestock, companion animals, and humans. Both males and females require daily blood meals and will opportunistically feed on many terrestrial mammals. They have rarely been seen to feed on birds, despite the presence of many potential hosts. A unique feeding behavior was documented at a wildlife refuge in northeast Montana when stable flies were seen congregating on the heads and eyes of West Nile-infected American white pelicans. The objectives of this investigation were to describe adult phenology near the pelican colony and to determine daily and lifetime fecundity when fed on cattle, horse, or chicken blood. From 2008-2010, relative adult abundance was measured by placing white Coroplast cards near the colony, around confinement lots, and along transects in pasture used by grazing cattle. Results showed that temporal dynamics varied by habitat type (2008: F = 7.4; df = 16, 191; P < 0.001; 2009: F = 17.7; df = 14, 270; P < 0.001) and that local dispersal occurred throughout the season. Weekly changes in abundance were explained by temperature, precipitation, and degree-days in 2008 (F = 12.2; r = 0.13) and 2010 (F = 13.8; r = 0.27) and by temperature and precipitation in 2009 (F = 164.6; r = 0.82). Stable flies from a laboratory-maintained colony were provided with cattle, horse, or chicken blood and daily and lifetime fecundity rates were measured through F2 adult emergence. Flies fed chicken blood laid more eggs per day than those fed cattle (P = 0.008) or horse blood (P = 0.05), but lifetime fecundity was similar between treatments (χ = 3.4; df = 2; P = 0.2) because of shorter oviposition periods in cohorts fed chicken blood. These results indicate that the nutritional composition of blood from these hosts does not explain the rarity of stable flies feeding on birds. Implications of host defenses as an explanation for stable fly behavior are discussed.
The importance of domestic equity pension funds on stock market

ABSTRACT This study examines for the first time the true impact of domestic pension funds investing in equities on the stock market development from a comprehensive perspective. Specifically, we analyse the influence of three pension fund variables (the portions of domestic equity pension funds over total pension funds assets and gross domestic product, and the pension fund return) on market size, liquidity, activity, growth, return and volatility in eight European stock markets, both in the short and long term. Our results show higher influence on the short term than in the long term. Pension funds impact positively on the short- and long-run market size, return and stability. Nonetheless, they only encourage short-term liquidity and activity, evidencing less frequent asset reallocation, consistent with the long-term nature of these instruments.
Preliminary observations on the diet of leopards (Panthera pardus) from a conservation area and adjacent rangelands in the Baviaanskloof region, South Africa

ABSTRACT Pastoralists on rangelands adjacent to the Baviaanskloof Provincial Nature Reserve, Eastern Cape, report stock losses through predation by leopards (Panthera pardus). This leads, in certain cases, to persecution of the leopards. This study attempted to quantify livestock depredation by leopards by comparing leopard diet within and outside the reserve. Leopard scats from both areas were analysed for prey items. A total of 18 prey taxa was identified, including small to medium-sized ungulates, rodents, birds and a felid. The mountain reedbuck was the most frequently utilized prey, followed by vlei rat, bushbuck, rock hyrax and grysbok. Baboons, although abundant throughout the study area, were not utilized by these leopards. There was a significant difference in the frequency of prey items between the reserve and the rangeland samples in terms of the relative contribution of the prey taxa. Medium-sized and small ungulates were heavily utilized in the reserve, whilst the diet in rangelands was composed largely of small mammals (including small ungulates). Only two scats contained the remains of domestic animals, indicating that <5% of the diet comprised this prey category, and suggesting that leopards in the study area do not preferentially prey on livestock.
Corrections

COMMENTARY Correction for ‘‘Rio Balsas most likely region for maize domestication,’’ by Christine A. Hastorf, which appeared in issue 13, March 31, 2009, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (106:4957–4958; first published March 25, 2009; 10.1073/pnas.0900935106). The author notes that on page 4958, in the second column, line 25, the sentence ‘‘The research team has recorded early maize processing associated with dates as early as 6,500 B.P.’’ should instead read ‘‘The research team has recorded early maize processing associated with dates as early as 8,700 B.P.’’
Rapid oxygen cycling in Trichodesmium thiebautii

Oxygen uptake and evolution were measured in Trichodesmium thiebautii trichomes with I80 membrane inlet mass spectrometry. Samples were collected in the vicinity of the Bahamas Islands and eastern Caribbean Sea. Trichodesmium exhibited high rates of oxygen uptake in the dark and in the light compared with previously studied cyanobacteria. Oxygen uptake in the dark averaged 23% of the maximum gross oxygen evolution rate and was suppressed minimally at low ix-radiances or after the addition of cyanide. Oxygen uptake in light increased between 50 and 200 PEinst m-2 s- I and was inhibited by 3-(3,4-)dichlorophenyl)- 1,l -dimethylurea (DCMU), indicating Mehler reaction activity. I estimate that 48% of the total photosynthetic linear electron flow went to oxygen reduction at moderate but nonsaturating irradiances. Light compensation points ranged from 50 to 300 PEinst m -2 s-’ with values highest for midday samples. Rapid oxygen cycling may contribute to the protection of nitrogenase by reducing the oxygen tension within the cell or colony during oxygenic photosynthesis and by providing a mechanism (pseudocyclic photophosphorylation) for generating excess ATP for nitrogen fixation.
Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae on cv. carmem avocado plants

The effects of six species of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) on root colonization, nutrient uptake, reserve substances, and vegetative development of cv. Carmem avocado (Persea sp.) plants were evaluated. Glomus clarum Nicol. and Schenck, Glomus etunicatum Becker and Gerd, Glomus manihotis How, Siev and Schenk; Acaulospora scrobiculata Trappe, Scutellospora heterogama Nicol and Gerd and Gigaspora margarita Becker and Hall were inoculated on avocado seedlings, onto which Carmem scions were grafted. Responses of the avocado plants to the different AM species 7 months after grafting were distinctly different. Scutellospora heterogama, A. scrobiculata, G. etunicatum, and G. clarum more thoroughly colonized the root system of the avocado plants, resulting in enhanced nutrient uptake and higher accumulation of reserve substances, which favored vegetative growth. The mutualism between avocado plants and G. margarita or G. manihotis was not efficient under the conditions of the present experiment. *Part of the dissertation of the first author towards the degree of Master of Science.
Proteolytic processing of h1-like histones in chromatin: a physiologically and developmentally regulated event in Tetrahymena micronuclei

Micronuclei isolated from growing cells of Tetrahymena thermophila contain three H1-like polypeptides alpha, beta, and gamma. Micronuclei isolated from young conjugating cells (3-7 h) also contain a larger molecular weight polypeptide, X, which is being actively synthesized and deposited into these nuclei (Allis, C. D., and J. C. Wiggins, 1984, Dev. Biol., 101:282-294). Pulse-chase experiments (with growing and conjugating cells) suggested that X is a precursor to alpha and that alpha is further processed to gamma and a previously undescribed and relatively minor species, delta. These precursor-product relationships were supported by cross-reactivity with polyclonal antibodies raised against alpha and peptide mapping. While beta consistently became labeled under chase conditions (both in growing and mating cells), it was not clear whether it is part of the vivo processing event(s) which interrelates X, alpha, gamma, and delta. Beta was not recognized by alpha antibodies. Despite this uncertainty, these results suggest that proteolytic processing serves to generate significant changes in the complement of H1-like histones present in this nucleus.