Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Domain-Specificity of Grit in Sport and School

Grit—defined by Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews, and Kelly (2007) as “perseverance and passion for long-term goals” (p. 1087)—has been studied extensively in a variety of achievement settings. Despite the interest that grit has received from researchers over the last decade, a critical conceptual question remains largely unexplored: namely, is grit better conceptualized and measured as a global (i.e., domain-general) construct or as a domain-specific construct? To address this question, this research sought to determine if (a) self-reported grit levels would differ as a function of the situational context that people use when considering their grit responses, and (b) domain-specific measures of grit would explain variance in domainmatched achievement-related criterion variables beyond the variance explained by a global measure of grit. A sample of 251 (149 male, 102 female) intercollegiate (varsity) student-athletes (M age = 20.34 years, SD = 2.0) completed three versions of the Grit Scale (Duckworth et al., 2007): one version was based upon Duckworth et al.’s original domain-general conceptualization of grit (i.e., no specific situational context was provided to respondents), the second version was situated in the context of sport, and the third version was situated in the context of school (i.e., academic settings). Results of a repeated-measures MANOVA with follow-up mean-contrasts (i.e., dependent t-tests with Bonferroni corrections) revealed that student-athletes had significantly higher mean levels of grit in sport than in school and life in general (ps < .001). Results of hierarchical regression analyses indicated that the school measure of grit explained significant amounts of unique variance in Grade Point Average beyond the variance explained by the global measure of grit, and the sport measure of grit explained a significant amount of unique variance in perfectionistic strivings in sport beyond the variance explained by the global measure of grit (ps < .05). Collectively, the results lend support for the domain-specific conceptualization and measurement of grit in sport and school settings.
Role of pretreatment with potassium permanganate and urea on mechanical and degradable properties of photocured coir (Cocos nucifera) fiber with 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate

Coir fibers were modified with 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) using ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Concentration of HDDA, soaking time, and radiation dose were optimized and found to be 30% HDDA in methanol along with photoinitiator Irgacure-500 (2%) and 120 min of soaking time registered as the better performance (polymer loading (PL) 7%, tensile strength factor, Tf = 1.50). Urea of different concentrations (0.5–2%) were incorporated with 30% HDDA to monitor its effect on the properties and 1% urea produced the best results (PL = 25%, Tf = 1.82). For the improvement of the properties, the fibers were subjected to surface treatment with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) of different concentrations at various treating times. Enhanced properties (PL = 86%. Tf = 4.42) of the fibers treated with KMnO4 (0.05%) were obtained. The KMnO4 treated fibers were again treated with HDDA (30%) solution along with urea (1%) and found to produce the best results (PL = 100%, Tf = 4.5). Water uptake and degradable properties of the treated and virgin fibers were obtained. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4361–4368, 2006
Self-heterodyne mixing method of two inter-mode beat frequencies for frequency stabilization of a three-mode He-Ne laser

We present a robust self-heterodyne mixing method of two inter-mode beat frequencies suitable for frequency stabilization of a three longitudinal-mode (3-mode) He-Ne laser at 633 nm. A high-contrast frequency discrimination signal with a broad locking range of 244 MHz is obtained by using a self-heterodyned double balanced mixer operating at the inter-mode beat frequency of 607 MHz. We show that the central-mode frequency of the 3-mode He-Ne laser could be stabilized to the center of the gain profile with a frequency fluctuation less than ± 5 MHz for more than 12 h.
Novel Tm(III) Membrane Sensor Based on 2,2'-Dianiline Disulfide and Its Application for the Fluoride Monitoring of Mouth Wash Preparations

In this work the construction of a novel poly(vinyl chloride) membrane sensor based on 2,2'-dianiline disulfide (DADS) as a neutral carrier, o-nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) as a plasticizer and sodium tetraphenyl borate (NaTPB) as an anionic site with unique selectivity towards Tm(III) ions is reported. The electrode has a linear dynamic range between 1.0 x 10 -6 and 1.0 x 10 -2 M, with a nice Nemstian slope of 19.5 ± 0.3 mV per decade and a detection limit of 4.0 x 10 -7 M at the pH range of 4.8-8.5. It has a very fast response time (<15 s) in the whole concentration range, and can be used for at least 4 weeks without any considerable divergence in the electrode potentials. The proposed sensor revealed comparatively good selectivity with respect to most common metal ions, and especially lanthanide ions. It was used as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of Tm(III) ions with EDTA and in direct determination of concentration of Tm(III) ions in binary mixtures. It was also applied in determination of fluoride ions in mouth wash preparations.
Synergism of microwave irradiation and enzyme catalysis in synthesis of isoniazid

Isoniazid is a useful antitubercular drug widely employed in combination therapy with rifampicin. The synthesis of isoniazid from ethyl isonicotinate and hydrazine hydrate was studied in non-aqueous media via lipase-catalyzed hydrazinolysis under both conventional heating and microwave irradiation by using different supported lipases. Among three different commercial lipases used, namely Novozym 435 (Candida antarctica lipase), Lipozyme RM IM (Rhizomucor miehei lipase) and Lipozyme TL IM (Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase), Novozym 435 was found to be the most effective, with conversion of 54% for equimolar concentrations at 50 °C in 4 h. The rate of reaction as well as final conversion increased synergistically under microwave irradiation in comparison with conventional heating, which showed 36.4% conversion, even after 24 h, for the control experiment. Effects of various process parameters such as speed of agitation, catalyst loading, substrate concentration, product concentration and temperature were studied. A kinetic model is also described. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Ligand Exchange on Gold Nanorods: Going Back to the Future

Ligand exchange on gold nanorods (NRs) is still too often dismissed or not given the importance it should deserve. The many applications of gold NRs, mainly in plasmonics, biological imaging, and sensing, are made possible by finely tuning not only the optical properties of the metallic core but also the tethered functional groups. Gold NRs are mainly synthesized by using CTAB as the morphology‐guiding surfactant, and an intimate relationship between the crystallographic facets of the rod and the CTAB bilayer exists. Because of this, it is imperative to fully understand the ligand exchange mechanisms that allow replacing CTAB with functional ligands, including the energetic contributions. Here, the major applications of gold NRs are briefly overviewed, and what is known about ligand exchange mechanisms is summarized, as well as why it is important to achieve complete removal of CTAB, including the techniques that are used to characterize the exchange reaction products. The concept of interface in gold NRs is briefly examined, and explained why the scientific community should focus more on understanding and characterizing it. Starting from the published literature, the reader is guided through the reasons why it is thought that ligand exchange on gold NRs is perhaps the next grand challenge in the nanoparticle field.
Synthesis of (−)‐Cytoxazone and (+)‐epi‐Cytoxazone: The Chiral Pool Approach

Abstract Immunomodulator (−)‐cytoxazone and its epimer (+)‐epi‐cytoxazone were synthesized starting from (D)‐(−)‐4‐hydroxyphenylglycine. Homologation of the amino acid was achieved via the corresponding aldehyde, by a cyanohydrin reaction. The racemization of highly sensible amido aldehyde was efficiently suppressed when the oxidation of the parent aminoalcohol was performed by a modified Dess‐Martin procedure.
IMPEDIMENT TO INCIPIENT FLUIDIZATION IN WET BEDS OF POROUS NONSPHERICAL PARTICLES

ABSTRACT Fluidized-bed units are efficiently and advantageously employed for drying various wet and sticky particulate materials provided that the bed of such materials can be kept under a fluidized condition. The effect was explored with the incremental addition of water to the bed of nonspherical, porous particles of ceramsite and lignite fluidized with wet air. The limiting fluidization-defluidization point was determined by experiments in a cold model fluidized bed contained in a transparent glass column using wet and dry particles. On the basis of the data amassed, an empirical correlation was developed. This relationship makes it possible to predict the dimensionless excess gas velocity that keeps the wet bed fluidized, as a function of the relative amount of moisture in the bed and the dimensionless particle size.
One-Pot Colorimetric Differentiation of Polynucleotides with Single Base Imperfections Using Gold Nanoparticle Probes

Selective colorimetric polynucleotide detection based on Au nanoparticle probes which align in a “tail-to-tail” fashion onto a target polynucleotide is described. In this new nanoparticle-based detection system, Au particles (∼13 nm diameter), which are capped with 3‘- and 5‘-(alkanethiol)oligonucleotides, are used to complex a 24-base polynucleotide target. Hybridization of the target with the probes results in the formation of an extended polymeric Au nanoparticle/polynucleotide aggregate, which triggers a red to purple color change in solution. The color change is due to a red shift in the surface plasmon resonance of the Au nanoparticles. The aggregates exhibit characteristic, exceptionally sharp “melting transitions” (monitored at 260 or 700 nm), which allows one to distinguish target sequences that contain one base end mismatches, deletions, or an insertion from the fully complementary target. When test solutions are spotted onto a C18 reverse-phase thin-layer chromatography plate, color differentia.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMPETITION ANXIETY OF BOSNIAN AND HERZEGOVINIAN ATHLETES IN RELATION TO THE TYPE OF SPORT

The concept of competition anxiety has been increasingly recognized as a basis for success in competitive sports. Therefore, we examined whether the type of sport the athletes train for is a distinguishing factor of the demonstrated level of competition anxiety. Using a sample of 38 athletes (26 basketball players and 12 cyclists) from four clubs in Bosnia and Herzegovina we tested forms of anxiety (cognitive and somatic anxiety) and the level of self-confidence just before the game (30 minutes before the game). Testing was conducted using the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2; CSAI-2, Martens et al., 1990, and the obtained results differ from the results in similar studies. For our sample, we can say that the basketball players show significantly higher levels of self-confidence, while the effects of competition anxiety are uniform in both groups of athletes.
Microvillus Inclusion Disease. Lessons about the apical plasma membrane.

Objectives: Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) is a rare congenital enteropathy characterized by brush border atrophy and reduced expression of enzymes at the apical plasma membrane of enterocytes. MVID is caused by mutations in the MYO5B gene. MYO5B encodes the molecular motor protein myosin Vb which is expressed in all epithelial tissues. We report two MVID patients that also developed renal Fanconi syndrome, which has been correlated to apical plasma membrane defects in the proximal tubular epithelial cells of the kidney. The aim of this study was to determine whether MYO5B mutations in these patients correlate with similar apical plasma membrane defects in renal tubular epithelial cells as observed in the intestine. Methods: Biopsies from kidney, duodenum, ileum, jejunum and colon of two MVID patients carrying MYO5B mutations and of age-matched controls were fixed in paraffin and analyzed with immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. Results: MYO5B mutations in MVID patients with renal Fanconi syndrome do not correlate with aberrant apical plasma membrane morphology or altered apical recycling endosome organization in renal tubular epithelial cells. Structural defects of the brush border and apical recycling endosome organization is observed in enterocytes of all segments of the small intestine and colon. Conclusions: MYO5B mutations have divergent effects on the apical membrane system in kidney and intestinal epithelial cells. Epithelial defects presented in MVID are therefore triggered by intestine-specific factors, the identification of which may provide new targets and open avenues for the development of alternative therapeutic strategies to combat this devastating disease.
Fat and Oil Oxidation by Electron Spin Resonance （ESR） Spin-Trapping Method

Oxidation of fats and oils during storage causes their degradation and loss of nutritional value and appearance. Electron spin resonance (ESR) is the only method that can be used to directly observe the radicals. In this study, the authors used an ESR spin-trapping method to study the oxidation of triacylglycerols (TAG) containing different fatty acids (FAs) commonly found in food. The ESR adduct signals were analyzed to study the effect of double bonds and the chain length of the FAs of TAG on oxidation. Oxidation was conducted by applying UV irradiation to TAG by dissolving it in N-tert-buthyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN), which trapped the radicals induced in the TAG as an ESR adduct signal. The detection was clearly successful. There were no differences in the spectra of tristearin (18:0) and tripalmitin (16:0); thus, it can be concluded that the length of the carbon chain of the FAs of TAG does not affect the oxidation reactions. However, the ESR spectra of tristearin (18:0), triolein (18:1) and trilinolein (18:3) were clearly different due to the presence/absence of a new peak corresponding to new induced radicals, leading to the conclusion that double bonds play a major role in the oxidation reactions of fats and oils.
The radial breathing mode of carbon nanotubes

We report an extensive set of results for the radial breathing modes (RBM) of infinite and finite length single walled carbon nanotubes using the second generation reactive empirical bond order potential (REBO) developed by Brenner et al. As expected, the frequency, ν of the RBM is inversely proportional to the nanotube radius, R 0, We find two different linear fits to the data, one for zigzag tubes (3.25 THz nm) and one for armchair tubes For finite tubes, the RBM rapidly approaches the infinite length value for nanotubes greater than 5 nm in length.
Thermodynamic analysis of steam reforming of ethanol for hydrogen generation

Thermodynamic equilibrium of ethanol steam reforming has been studied by Gibbs free energy minimization method for hydrogen production in the ranges of water‐to‐ethanol ratio from 0 to 20, reaction temperature from 400 to 2000 K, pressure from 1 to 60 atm, argon‐to‐ethanol ratio from 0 to 100. The optimal conditions suitable for the use in molten carbonate fuel cell and solid oxide fuel cell were obtained as follows: 900–1200 K, water‐to‐ethanol ratio of 3:6, and 1 atm. Under the optimal conditions, complete conversion of ethanol, 60.52–83.58% yield of hydrogen and 32.82–79.60% yield of carbon monoxide could be obtained and no coke forms. Higher pressures have a negative effect, but inert gases have a positive effect, on the hydrogen yield. Coke tends to form at lower temperatures and lower water‐to‐ethanol ratios. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperature dependence of vibrational relaxation in liquid H2O

We have determined the lifetime of the OH-stretch vibration in pure liquid water as a function of temperature using femtosecond mid-infrared pump–probe spectroscopy. The lifetime T1 increases from 260±18 fs at T=298 K to 320±18 fs at T=358 K. The increase in lifetime with temperature can be quantitatively explained from the decrease in overlap resonance between the OH-stretch vibration and the overtone of the H–O–H bending mode.
GREEN MOTION: a new and easy to use green chemistry metric from laboratories to industry

Green Chemistry metrics is a field of major importance. For a chemist who wants to demonstrate he has environmentally friendly processes or to design processes in better compliance with the twelve principles of Green Chemistry, we designed a metric tool named GREEN MOTION™. It enables the assessment of the health, safety and environmental impacts of manufactured ingredients for the flavour and fragrance industry on a 0 to 100 scale. The safer and less impactful the process, the higher is the rating. In this article, the seven concepts underlying GREEN MOTION™ are explained and data obtained from the assessment of all chemical products and natural extracts produced by MANE are illustrated with a focus on vanillyl ethyl ether synthesis. This article puts forward a novel approach designing a new green metric that enables the measurement of the overall safety of a product, its impact on the environment and on the health of the people producing or using it. It offers a new continuous improvement tool which can be applied from laboratories to the chemical industry.
Detection and Classification of Skin Diseases using Different Color Phase Models

- Now a days, skin diseases are mostly found in animals, humans and plants. A skin disease is a particular kind of illness caused by bacteria or an infection. These diseases like Psoriasis, Melanoma, Papillomus, Mycosis, Warts etc. have various dangerous effects on the skin and keep on spreading over time. It becomes important to identify these diseases at their initial stage to control it from spreading. These diseases are identified by using many technologies such as image processing, data mining, k nearest neighbor (KNN) etc. Recently, image processing has played a major role in this area of research and has widely used for the detection of skin diseases. Techniques like filtering, segmentation, feature extraction, image pre-processing and edge detection etc. are part of image processing and are used to identify the part affected by disease, the form of affected area, its affected area color etc. This thesis presents a various skin disease detection and classification systems using image processing techniques in recent times. A comprehensive study of a number of skin disease diagnosis systems are done in this thesis, with different methodologies and their performances
Role of covalent modification and adsorption on hererogeneous electron transfer at carbon electrodes : characterization and application

The objective of this study was to explore the effect of surface modification of carbon electrode by electrochemically reducing aromatic diazonium salts on the electrochemical response ofHOPG and glassy carbon electrodes. The modified surfaces were studied by electrochemical methods and STM, and the surface coverage was controlled electrochemically to provide various degrees of modification. The effect of organic solvent (primarily acetonitrile) on the blocking of electron transfer and ~~~----adsorpti(m-arHOPG-electrodenasoeensttia.ied~Tlie electron transfer-ofFe(CN)6344~al1(r -_. adsorption of anthraquinonedisulfonate (AQDS) on clean HOPG basal plane was significantly blocked by acetonitrile exposure. The blocking effect is related to surface chemistry ofHOPG basal plane. Application of modified carbon electrodes in sensor design was also explored. It was possible to use a carbon electrode array with various surface interfaces to differentiate structurally similar compounds such as substituted
Generation of Electron Moiré Fringes on Designed Nanoporous Anodic Alumina Films and Their Replicated Ni Cone Arrays: Exploration of Domain Sizes and Nanopore Arrangements

Here, we demonstrate a new method to measure the domain sizes and the periodicities of the pore arrangements and to find the domain boundaries in the designed PAA film with conical nanopores. Such structural information can be simultaneously obtained by utilizing the electron moire fringes without direct observation of the nanopores. The electron moire fringes are generated by overlapping of two patterns on the basis of the principle of the traditional moire method. The average size of the single domains is estimated to be about 2 mu m(2). Furthermore, the Ni cone arrays are successfully produced by replication method using the PAA film. Very clear electron moire fringes can be visualized on the surface of the Ni cone arrays. The domain-shape and the average domain-size in the observed moire fringes are almost similar to those of the PAA film used as the original template. This fact indicates that the Ni cones are successfully replicated under excellent electrochemical conditions.
Flame spray pyrolysis generated transition metal oxide nanoparticles as catalysts for the growth of carbon nanotubes

Herein, we investigate the growth of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) using three transition metal oxide nanoparticles; namely hematite (Fe2O3), cobalt oxide (Co3O4) and nickel oxide (NiO). The nanoparticles were synthesised using flame spray pyrolysis (FSP). As the nanoparticle and CNT syntheses are identical for all materials, a direct comparison between the products is possible and a link between catalyst and morphology of the resultant nanostructures can be elucidated. Conventional CNT were grown on Fe2O3 nanoparticles, no discernible nanotubes were observed on the Co3O4 catalysts whilst a mixture of conventional and coiled CNT (CCNT) were synthesised on the NiO nanoparticles. We investigated the effect of temperature, time and acetylene/hydrogen gas mixtures on the morphology, yield and purity of the CNT produced. By regulating the acetylene pyrolysis temperature for NiO, the CCNT yield can be increased to approximately 70% of the CNT yield.
Handbook of Single Molecule Fluorescence Spectroscopy

1. Introduction 2. Single Molecule Fluorescence Techniques 3. Single Molecule Fluorescence Instrumentation 4. Preparation of samples for single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy 5. Fluorescence spectroscopy of freely diffusing single molecules: examples 6. Fluorescence spectroscopy of immobilised single molecules: examples 7. The outlook for single molecule fluorescence measurements