Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF ENTEROTOXIN PRODUCING AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATES FROM RESPIRATORY INFECTED COTTON INDUSTRIES LABOURS NADU

A total of 26 Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the respiratory infected cotton industries labours were subjected to the multiplex PCR amplification to detect Staphylococcal enterotoxins encoding gene. S. aureus isolates showed the presence of enterotoxins encoding gene i.e. See (50%), Sec (11.5%), Sea (8%) and Sed (8%). This present study also revealed that 69.2% of S. aureus isolates harboring Mec A gene confers resistance to methicillin antibiotic. About 50% of S. aureus isolates were found to carry Mup A gene confers resistance to Muprocin antibiotic. This study concludes that it is necessary to control the respiratory infections by using appropriate antibiotics in order to avoid spreading of infection as well as spreading antibiotic resistant and public health issues.
Ocean Acidiﬁcation Does Not A ﬀ ect Fish Ectoparasite Survival

: The juveniles of gnathiid isopods are one of the most common ﬁsh ectoparasites in marine habitats and cause deleterious e ﬀ ects on ﬁsh by feeding on host blood and lymph. Reef ﬁshes tend to engage in cooperative interactions with cleaning organisms to reduce their ectoparasite load. Ocean acidiﬁcation (OA) pose multiple threats to marine life. Recently, OA was found to disrupt cleaner ﬁsh behaviour in mutualistic cleaning interactions. However, the potential e ﬀ ects of ocean acidiﬁcation on this common ectoparasite remains unknown. Here, we test if exposure to an acidiﬁcation scenario predicted by IPCC to the end of the century (RCP 8.5 – 980 µ atm pCO 2 ) a ﬀ ects gnathiid survival. Our results show that ocean acidiﬁcation did not have any e ﬀ ects on gnathiid survival rate during all three juvenile life stages. Thus, we advocate that the need for cleaning interactions will persist in potentially acidiﬁed coral reefs. Nevertheless, to better understand gnathiid resilience to ocean acidiﬁcation, future studies are needed to evaluate ocean acidiﬁcation impacts on gnathiid reproduction and physiology as well as host-parasite interactions.
Figurative ‘eye’ expressions in the conceptualization of emotions and personality traits in Slovak 

This paper explores metonymic and metaphoric expressions with the lexeme ‘eye’ and provides empirical evidence from the Slovak language about the close interaction between the physiological and cultural aspects of the embodied mind. Our study, relying on data collected from several Slovak dictionaries, demonstrates the importance of the organ of sight in the conceptualization of various emotions (anger, happiness, sadness, love, hate, envy, surprise, and fear) and personality traits (honesty, greed, and hostility), all considered to be essential parts of the Slovak linguistic worldview. The identification of specific metonymic and/or metaphorical mappings has shed more light on the emergence and motivation of particular figurative expressions in Slovak. In the in-vestigation of the linguistic data, the traditional Lakovian approach was used alongside the more recent anthropologically-oriented methodological approaches of Polish and Russian schools of cognitive semantics. Both contemporary and etymological meanings of multilayered emotion concepts were analyzed, and their hierarchical organization was presented in an associative-semantic network. It has been shown that there are no obvious boundaries between the concepts – rather the opposite, as the network illustrates their internal continuity. By revealing the complexities of the creation of new meanings via associations, this paper contributes towards a deeper understanding of the relationship between figurative language, culture, and human thought.
OPTO_A_305927 113..118

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan Purpose: This study aimed to observe intraoperative changes in macular hole (MH) form using intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT). Methods: A total of 10 eyes from 10 patients with MH who underwent vitrectomy using iOCT from May 2015 to October 2015 at the Yamagata University Hospital were retrospectively evaluated. Accordingly, 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy using iOCT with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and sulfur hexafluoride gas tamponade was performed on each patient. During surgery, MHs were observed using iOCT over four points, namely, before posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) formation, after PVD formation, after ILM peeling, and after fluid–gas exchange. Thereafter, basal MH diameter and minimum aperture MH diameter were postoperatively analyzed. Results: Before PVD formation, after PVD formation, after ILM peeling, and after fluid–gas exchange, the mean basal MH diameters were 690.7 ± 268.4, 683.3 ± 274.2, 683.7 ± 269.5, and 668.3 ± 261.4 μm, while the mean minimum aperture MH diameters were 278.3 ± 165.2, 283.0 ± 170.2, 257.0 ± 127.8, and 188.0 ± 105.0 μm, respectively. The mean minimum aperture MH diameter decreased significantly after fluid–gas exchange (one-way repeated measures ANOVA, p < 0.05). None of the patients exhibited intraoperative closure of the MHs. However, MH closure was confirmed in all patients after the surgery. Conclusion: None of the patients demonstrated intraoperative MHs closure. Accordingly, the minimum aperture MH diameter was the first change formation to close after fluid–gas exchange.
Amino acid substitutions causing inhibitor resistance in TEM (cid:2) -lactamases compromise the extended-spectrum phenotype in SHV extended-spectrum (cid:2) -lactamases

both effects of amino substitutions mediating in -lactamases on the resistance phenotypes the SHV Three amino acid substitutions, Met-69 (cid:2) Ile, Arg-244 (cid:2) Ser and/or Asn-276 (cid:2) Asp, mediate inhibitor resistance (IR) in TEM (cid:2) -lactamases. They were introduced in all possible combinations at homologous positions into either SHV-1 or the respective extended-spectrum (cid:2) -lactamases (ESBLs), SHV-2 or SHV-5. Susceptibility testing of the resulting set of seven variants of each parental strain, all in an isogenic background, was performed. The phenotypes of the constructions revealed that most substitutions resulted in reduced resistance to most tested single (cid:2) -lactam formulations. This decrease over-compensated for the expected increase in inhibitor resistance, so that most mutants showed no rise in resistance to inhibitor/ (cid:2) -lactam combinations, although increases of MICs from one- to 43-fold compared with the respective parental strains were also measured. Combination of several IR-deter-mining substitutions impaired both phenotypes in the carrier strains even more. None of the 14 mutants derived from the ESBLs, SHV-2 and SHV-5, showed a clinically relevant combined ESBL–IR phenotype. These ﬁndings indicate that the SHV (cid:2) -lactamase does not beneﬁt proportionally from simultaneous substitution of residues relevant for the ESBL and the IR phenotype. We present the results of a systematic study on the phenotypic effect of amino acid substitutions typical for IR-TEM enzymes, when introduced at the homologous and otherwise conserved positions of selected non-ESBL and ESBL SHV (cid:2) -lactamases in an isogenic genetic background. The isogenic background crucial for accurate evaluation of mutational inﬂuences is warranted through a system established previously 16 and reﬁned recently.
Iron Status in Relation to Oral Contraceptive Use in Women of Reproductive Age

This study investigated the iron status in women of reproductive age in relation to oral contraceptive (OC) use. 178 women (18-34 years) who had never been pregnant and did not take iron supplements were sampled as part of a cross-sectional study to determine nutrient status in different life stages (DRKS00004789). Iron status was assessed by haemoglobin, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and sTfR-ferritin index. Frequency of anaemia (haemoglobin < 12 g/dL) was 2.8% and that of depleted iron stores without anaemia (ferritin < 20 µg/L) was 13.5%. In multiple linear regression models, OC use was associated with higher ferritin concentration (B=0.144, p=0.037), especially the fourth progestin generation (B=0.177, p=0.015). Further determinants of lower ferritin concentration were higher intensity of menstruation (B=-0.201, p=0.001), lower time since last period (B=-0.004, p=0.024), blood donation (B=-0.360, p=0.003) and vegetarian diet (B=-0.206, p=0.042). Although the prevalence of anaemia was low, women of reproductive age should ensure an adequate intake of highly available iron because depleted iron stores increase the risk of anaemia.
Effect of contractile activity on PGC-1 (cid:2) transcription in young and aged skeletal muscle

Effect of contractile activity on PGC-1 (cid:2) transcription in young and aged skeletal muscle. impair-ments are often noted in aged skeletal muscle. The transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- (cid:3) coactivator-1 (cid:2) (PGC-1 (cid:2) ) is integral to maintaining mitochondria, and its expression declines in aged muscle. It remains unknown whether this is due to a transcriptional deﬁcit during aging. Our study examined PGC-1 (cid:2) transcription in muscle from young and old F344BN rats. Using a rat PGC-1 (cid:2) promoter-reporter construct, we found that PGC-1 (cid:2) transcription was reduced by (cid:4) 65% in aged TA muscle, accompanied by decreases in PGC-1 (cid:2) mRNA and transcript stability. Altered expression patterns in PGC-1 (cid:2) transcription regulatory factors, including nuclear respiratory factor 2, upstream transcription factor 1, activating transcription factor 2, and yin yang 1, were noted in aged muscle. Acute contractile activity (CA) followed by recovery was employed to examine whether PGC-1 (cid:2) transcription could be activated in aged muscle similar to that observed in young muscle. AMPK and p38 signaling was attenuated in aged muscle. CA evoked an upregulation of PGC-1 (cid:2) transcription in both young and aged groups, whereas mRNAs encoding PGC-1 (cid:2) and cytochrome oxidase subunit IV were induced during the recovery period. Global DNA methylation, an inhibitory event for transcription, was enhanced in aged muscle, likely a result of elevated methyltransferase enzyme Dnmt3b in aged muscle. Successive bouts of CA for 7 days to evaluate longer-term consequences resulted in a rescue of PGC-1 (cid:2) and downstream mRNAs in aged muscle. Our data indicate that diminished mitochondria in aged muscle is due partly to a deﬁcit in PGC-1 (cid:2) transcription, a result of attenuated upstream signaling. Contractile activity is an appropriate countermeasure to restore PGC-1 (cid:2) expression and mitochondrial content in aged muscle. We and posttranscriptional alterations in transcription factor expression, reduced signaling, and DNA methylation. Acute initiate signaling to reverse the transcriptional defect, restoring PGC-1 (cid:2) expression toward young values, suggesting a mechanism whereby aged muscle can respond to exercise for the promotion of mitochondrial biogenesis. (cid:3)
Managing competing demands

This article discusses how cross-sector partnerships (CSPs) for sustainability manage the paradoxical tension between stakeholder inclusiveness and administrative efficiency. Drawing on qualitative data from a case study of a CSP focused on urban sustainability, we show how the inclusiveness– efficiency paradox unfolded throughout the studied collaboration. We discuss how the paradox reemerged in a different guise within each phase of the partnership and how three practices of paradox management helped actors to cope with the tension: “customized inviting” (during the formation phase), “sequential including” (during the preparation phase), and “tailored instructing” (during the implementation phase). On the basis of these findings, we argue that (a) the paradox reoccurred throughout the phases of the CSP because the three paradox management practices accentuated boundaries, thereby helping to resolve the paradox temporarily while at the same time creating grounds for the paradox to resurface, and (b) that the three paradox management practices can be theorized as a special type of boundary work that “plays up” relevant differences between actor groups and thereby ensures collaboration.
Goal-Directed Correlates and Neurobiological Underpinnings of Adolescent Identity: A Multi- Method Multi-Sample Longitudinal Approach January 26, 2018

This multi-method multi-sample longitudinal study examined how neurological substrates associated with goal-directedness and information-seeking are related to adolescents’ identity. Self-reported data on goal-directedness were collected across three bi-annual waves in Study 1. Identity was measured one wave later. Study 1 design and measurements were repeated in Study 2 and extended with structural brain data (nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and prefrontal cortex grey matter volume (PFC), collected across three bi-annual waves. Study 1 included 497 adolescents (Mage T1 13.03 years) and Study 2 included 131 adolescents (Mage T1 14.69 years). Using latent growth curve models, goal-directedness, NAcc, and PFC volume predicted a stronger identity one wave later. These findings provide crucial new insights in the underlying neurobiological architecture of identity.
Evaluation of the Specificity of Five Oligoprobes for Identification of Cyathostomin Species from Horses

Here, we report evaluation of ®ve oligoprobes designed from intergenic spacer (IGS) region sequences for identi®cation of cyathostomin species. Oligoprobes were designed for identi®cation of Cylicocyclus ashworthi, Cylicocyclus nassatus, Cylicostephanus longibursatus, Cylicostephanus goldi and a ®fth probe designed to identify all members of this tribe. PCR ampli®cation of IGS DNA from 16 cyathostomin species allowed sequence comparison and identi®cation of four putative species-speci®c probes. Southern blotting of ampli®ed products from 16 species showed that all probes were species-speci®c. The ®fth probe recognised all 16 cyathostomin species but did not bind to members of the genus Strongylus. Furthermore, these probes were used to identify individual infective L3, eggs and L4 indicating that they will be invaluable to furthering the study of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of these important equine nematodes. q 2001 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Emergence of the Quinolone Resistance-Mediating Gene aac(6 (cid:2) )-Ib-cr in Extended-Spectrum- (cid:3) -Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella Isolates Collected in Slovenia between 2000 and 2005 (cid:1)

Seventy-four nonrepetitive uropathogenic ﬂuoroquinolone-resistant or -intermediate extended-spectrum- (cid:1) -lactamase-producing Klebsiella isolates from Slovenia were screened for the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes. None of the known qnr genes were detected. The aac(6 (cid:1) )-Ib-cr allele was detected on plasmids from 25 transconjugants for which the ciproﬂoxacin MIC was higher than for the recipient Escherichia coli strain. broad-spectrum agents of chromosomal gyrase resulting
Human Parainﬂuenza Virus Infection of the Airway Epithelium: Viral Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Regulates Fusion Protein Activation and Modulates Infectivity (cid:1)

Three discrete activities of the paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein, receptor binding, receptor cleaving (neuraminidase), and triggering of the fusion protein, each affect the promotion of viral fusion and entry. For human parainﬂuenza virus type 3 (HPIV3), the effects of speciﬁc mutations that alter these functions of the receptor-binding protein have been well characterized using cultured monolayer cells, which have identiﬁed steps that are potentially relevant to pathogenesis. In the present study, proposed mechanisms that are relevant to pathogenesis were tested in natural host cell cultures, a model of the human airway epithelium (HAE) in which primary HAE cells are cultured at an air-liquid interface and retain functional properties. Infection of HAE cells with wild-type HPIV3 and variant viruses closely reﬂects that seen in an animal model, the cotton rat, suggesting that HAE cells provide an ideal system for assessing the interplay of host cell and viral factors in pathogenesis and for screening for inhibitory molecules that would be effective in vivo. Both HN (cid:1) s receptor avidity and the function and timing of F activation by HN require a critical balance for the establishment of ongoing infection in the HAE, and these HN functions independently modulate the production of active virions. Alterations in HN (cid:1) s F-triggering function lead to the release of noninfectious viral particles and a failure of the virus to spread. The ﬁnding that the dysregulation of F triggering prohibits successful infection in HAE cells suggests that antiviral strategies targeted to HN (cid:1) s F-triggering activity may have promise in vivo.
Core and conal component analysis of pulsar B1237+25

This paper provides a new analysis of this famous five-component (M) pulsar. In addition to the core-active ‘abnormal’ mode of the star, we find two distinct behaviours within its ‘normal’ mode, a ‘quiet-normal’ mode with regular 2.8-period subpulse modulation and little or no core activity, and a ‘flare-normal’ mode, where the core is regularly bright and a nearly four-period modulation is maintained. The flare-normal mode appears to be an intermediate state between the quiet-normal and abnormal behaviours. Short 5‐15-pulse flare-normal-mode ‘bursts’ and quiet-normal intervals alternate with each other quasi-periodically, making a cycle some 60‐80 pulses in duration. Abnormal-mode intervals are interspersed within this overall cycle, usually persisting for only a few pulses, but occasionally lasting for scores or even many hundreds of pulses. Within subsequences where the core is exceptionally quiet, the pulsar provides a nearly ‘textbook’ example of a central sightline traverse ‐ with a polarization-angle sweep rate measured to be at least some 180 ◦ deg −1 . O nthis basis it is shown that the sightline impact angle β must be ∼ 0. ◦ 25 or some 5 per cent of the outer conal beam radius. The core component of the star is found to be incomplete, despite the fact that the full antisymmetric circularly polarized signature of the core is present. The visible core component aligns with the trailing right-hand (RH) portion of the circular signature. Measures either of the circular signature or of the trailing half of the core, however, reiterate the roughly 2.6 ◦ angular diameter of the polar cap of the star. We find that the PA traverse of the star is disrupted through the action of orthogonally polarized linear power in the longitude range of the core component. This circumstance can be seen in the ‘hook’ under the core component which usually entails four sense reversals of the PA, with its centre falling at the same PA as the extrema of the overall traverse. This behaviour is modelled to show its effect. Finally, the star provides two well-defined fiducial points from which emission-height estimates can be computed, the respective centres of both the linear PA traverse and the zerocrossing point of the circular polarization signature. We thus find that the outer and inner cones are emitted at heights of some 340 ± 79 and 278 ± 76 km, respectively, such that their field-line ‘feet’ are some 78 ± 7 and 53 ± 5 per cent of the polar cap radius. We also find evidence that the core emission occurs at a height of some 60 km.
Rübsamen Dynamics of Inhibition in AVCN Inhibition Shapes Acoustic Responsiveness 1 in Spherical Bushy Cells 2 3 Abbreviated title : Dynamics of Inhibition in AVCN 4 5

28 Signal processing in the auditory brainstem is based on an interaction of neuronal excitation 29 and inhibition. To date we have incomplete knowledge of how the dynamic interplay of both 30 contribute to the processing power and temporal characteristics of signal coding. The spherical 31 bushy cells (SBC) of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) receive their primary excita32 tory input through auditory nerve fibers via large axo-somatic synaptic terminals, the endbulbs 33 of Held and additional acoustically driven inhibitory inputs. Spherical bushy cells provide the 34 input to downstream nuclei of the brainstem sound source localization circuitry like the medial 35 and lateral superior olive which rely on temporal precise inputs. In this study, we used jux36 tacellular recordings in anesthetized Mongolian Gerbils to assess the effect of acoustically 37 evoked inhibition on the SBCs input-output function and on temporal precision of SBC spiking. 38 Acoustically evoked inhibition proved to be strong enough to suppress action potentials (AP) 39 of SBCs in a stimulus-dependent manner. Inhibition shows slow onset and offset dynamics and 40 increasing strength at higher sound intensities. Additionally, inhibition decreases the rising 41 slope of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and prolongs the EPSP-to-AP transition 42 time. Both effects can be mimicked by iontophoretic application of glycine. Inhibition also 43 improves phase locking of SBC APs to low-frequency tones by acting as a gain control to 44 suppress poorly-timed EPSPs from generating postsynaptic APs to maintain precise SBC spik45 ing across sound intensities. The present data suggest that inhibition substantially contributes 46 to the processing power of second order neurons in the ascending auditory system. 47
Survival, growth, and morphology of blue king crabs: effect of ocean acidiﬁcation decreases with exposure time

Foy, R. J. Survival, growth, and morphology of blue king crabs: effect of ocean acidiﬁcation decreases with exposure time. 74: Ocean acidiﬁcation is an altering marine carbonate chemistry resulting in potential effects to marine life. In this study, we determine the effects of decreased pH on the morphology, growth, and survival of juvenile blue king crab, Paralithodes platypus . Crabs were reared at three pH levels: ambient (control, pH (cid:2) 8.1), pH 7.8, and pH 7.5, for 1 year and monitored for morphological changes, survival, and growth. Exposure to seawater at pH 7.8 had no effect on morphology or mortality and had only a minor effect on growth compared with the ambient treatment. However, exposure to seawater at pH 7.5 substantially increased mortality and decreased growth compared with the ambient treatment. The best ﬁt model of mortality rate at pH 7.5 showed an initially high mortality rate, which dropped to become comparable to the mortality rate in the other treatments. This suggests phenotypic variability or plasticity in juveniles and may indicate acclimation by blue king crab to ocean acidiﬁcation. As such, blue king crab may have scope for evolutionary adaptation in response to gradually changing pH lev-els. However, effects on other life-history stages, sub-lethal effects, carryover or transgenerational effects, and interactions with other stressors, such as increased temperature, still need to be investigated.