Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct measurement of human lung cancerous and noncancerous tissues by fourier transform infrared microscopy: can an infrared microscope be used as a clinical tool?

We have analyzed very small amounts of human lung cancerous tissues directly by a Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FT-IR-MC). The corrected peak heights (H1045 and H1467) obtained from the bands at 1045 and 1467 cm(-1) due to glycogen and cholesterol were chosen for a quantitative evaluation of the malignancy. We found that the H1045/H1467 ratio is an exceptionally useful factor for discrimination of the cancerous tissues from the noncancerous tissues. If the H1045/H1467 ratio from the measured spectrum is larger than 1.4, we can say with confidence that the tissue contains squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma at least partially. Furthermore, we carried out the microscopic mapping of the tissues containing both cancerous and noncancerous sections, demonstrating that the color map reflects small changes in the spatial distribution of cancer cells in the tissues. The present method may also be applicable to analysis of other cancers, such as colorectal cancerous tissues in which glycogen level has a critical factor for their malignancy. In addition, since FT-IR-MC costs relatively little and does not require a special operator training for collecting and analyzing the spectra, it seems to be perhaps the apparatus best suited to clinical usage, especially in rather small hospitals.
The synthesis of oligomers of oxetane‐based dipeptide isosteres derived from L‐rhamnose or D‐xylose

Routes to oligomers (dimers, tetramers, hexamers) of five oxetane‐based dipeptide isosteres have been established. Methyl 2,4‐anhydro‐5‐azido‐5‐deoxy‐L‐rhamnonate ‘monomer’ led, by coupling the corresponding carboxylic acid and amine, to a ‘dimer’. Reverse‐aldol ring‐opening occurred on attempted saponification of the dimer, so all further oligomerization was performed using TBDMS C‐3 hydroxyl protection. The silyl protected L‐rhamnonate monomer led in turn to the dimer (via the monomer acid and amine), the tetramer (via the dimer acid and amine) and finally the hexamer (via the tetramer acid and dimer amine). In each case the acids were obtained through saponification of the respective methyl esters and the amines were obtained by hydrogenation of the azides; coupling was TBTU‐mediated. Essentially the same strategy was employed on equivalent D‐lyxonate, 6‐deoxy‐L‐altronate, 6‐deoxy‐D‐gulonate and D‐fuconate dipeptide isosteres to give the respective dimers, tetramers and hexamers. Copyright © 2004 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface charge-specific cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of tri-block copolymer nanoparticles

Abstract A series of monodisperse (45 ± 5 nm) fluorescent nanoparticles from tri-block copolymers (polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs)) bearing different surface charges were synthesised and investigated for cytotoxicity in NR8383 and Caco-2 cells. The positive PNPs were more cytotoxic and induced a higher intracellular reactive oxygen species production than the neutral and negative ones. The cytotoxicity of positive PNPs with quaternary ammonium groups decreased with increasing steric bulk. The intracellular uptake and cellular interactions of these different PNPs were also tested in NR8383 cells by confocal laser scanning microscopy, which revealed higher uptake for positive than for negative PNPs. Also positive PNPs were found to interact much more with cell membranes, whereas the negative PNPs were internalised mainly by lysosomal endocytosis. Uptake of positive PNPs decreased with increasing steric bulk around the positive charge. A surface charge-specific interaction of clathrin for positive PNPs and caveolin receptors for negative PNPs was observed. These findings confirm that surface charge is important for the cytotoxicity of these PNPs, while they additionally point to considerable additional effects of the steric shielding around positive charges on PNP cytotoxicity.
Self-Analysis and Post-Termination Improvement After Psychoanalysis and Long-Term Psychotherapy

Long-term follow-up studies of long-term psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy or psychoanalysis are extremely rare, and few have focused on the post-treatment process itself. In the Stockholm Outcome of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy project, one of the results was that patients in psychoanalysis continued to improve after termination to a higher degree than patients in long-term psychotherapy. In this study 20 patients selected from the project were interviewed on two occasions, one and two years after termination, in order to explore how they described their post-treatment processes. The interviews were studied qualitatively using a multiple case study design, and categories of different types of post-treatment development were created from these case studies. Results indicate that the variation within treatment groups is large, and that development may continue in several ways after termination. The most striking difference between psychoanalysis and psychotherapy was not, as hypothesized, in the self-analytic function, but in various self-supporting strategies described by former analysands but not by former psychotherapy patients. However, only self-analysis was significantly correlated with post-termination improvement across both treatments. Three patients improving after termination and three deteriorating are described in detail as illustrations. Some methodological constraints of the design limit the generalizeability of results.
Blind channel identification based on the geometry of the received signal constellation

We study the geometric properties of the constellation of the points z(k)=[x(k),x(k-1)]/sup T/ formed by an ISI corrupted M-ary PAM source transmitted through a narrowband channel. We show that in the absence of noise, the convex hull of the constellation contains all the information pertaining to the channel taps. In particular, the edges of the convex hull can be used to recover the channel uniquely (up to the sign). These results provide a set of geometric identifiability conditions leading to a novel clustering-based channel identification algorithm.
Feature Selection Technique Using Homogeneity based cluster

Feature subset selection is an important problem in knowledge discovery, not only for the insight gained from determining relevant features variables, but also for the improved understandability, scalability, and, possibly, accuracy of the resulting models by reducing computational cost. It is an important challenge in many classification problems, especially for complex data like images when the number of features greatly exceeds the number of examples available. The research aims to select optimal number of relevant features by eliminating irrelevant features using clustering technique. Clustering techniques are used to form the group of objects based on the characteristics. We have used this characteristic for selecting the features. The main focus of this paper is to search the homogeneity among the features and select the representative features by eliminating remaining features from the set.
People-centred care: new research needs and methods in doctor–patient communication. Challenges in mental health

Communication in psychiatry is nowadays called to create bridges between different levels of observation (biological, functional and relational levels) and therapeutic intervention (social and educational) with important implications for therapeutic practice and communication research in the mental health context. New research challenges and windows of opportunity for therapeutic practice will be addressed in this contribution, as they relate to the three main tasks that psychiatrists have to meet when talking with their patients: understanding patient's problems and concerns; establishing the therapeutic alliance by acknowledging and responding to patient's emotion; informing and involving patients and their families, when appropriate. Therapeutic decisions need the elaboration of valid strategies of shared decision-making, which still have to be implemented and adapted to psychiatric context. Moreover, in the research field, emerging biomarker research may contribute to better explain what makes the difference in an empathic relationship either in terms of psycho-physiological reactions and in brain changes. Finally, the influence of new technologies and of Internet has to be more and more considered during clinical consultations.
THE FERMENTATION OF THREE CARBON SUBSTRATES BY CLOSTRIDIUM PROPIONICUM AND PROPIONIBACTERIUM

Fitz (1878) was the first to determine the quantitative relationship of products formed by species of the genus Propionibacterium and formulated what is known as the Fitz equation: 3 lactate -2 propionate + 1 acetate + 1 C02. It was considered that one mole of lactic acid was oxidized to C02 and acetate and that the hydrogens produced from this oxidation reduced two moles of lactic acid to propionic acid. Recently there has been increasing evidence that propionic acid may not be produced by direct reduction but rather may arise by an indirect pathway involving the dicarboxylic acids. This hypothesis was based upon the following observations: Erb (1934) demonstrated that the bacteria were capable of decarboxylating succinate to form propionate and C02. Wood and coworkers (1941a, 1941b) found that labeled C02 was fixed in the carboxyl carbons of both propionate and succinate, and Krampitz et al. (1943) using Micrococcus lysodeiktics showed that C02 is fixed in oxalacetate. Delwiche (1948) and Johns (1951) investigated the decarboxylation of succinate with propionic acid bacteria and concluded that the reaction was rapid enough to be the sole pathway for the formation of propionic acid. The mechanism may be diagrammed as shown in figure 1. This mechanism accounts for the fixation of labeled C02 in the carboxyl carbons of propionate and succinate and also for the formation of succinate in these fermentations. However, Wood and Leaver (1953) have shown that the turnover of C02 is frequently low in the propionic acid fermentation. They fermented several substrates in the presence of a pool of 01402 and from the dilution of the C14 in the
Measurement of antibodies to varicella-zoster virus in a tropical population by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

We used the recently developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibody to varicella-zoster virus to study the prevalence and titers of virus-specific antibody in a south Indian population of 171 individuals 0 to 25 years old. The antibody prevalence rate was less than 15% in individuals under 5 years of age and gradually rose to a maximum of 72% in young adults 15 to 25 years of age. The median age of primary infection was 12.25 years. The geometric mean antibody titers were between 1:80 and 1:160 in the age groups with antibody. These results are different from the pattern of seroepidemiology of varicella-zoster virus infection in temperate countries and indicate that varicella is predominantly a disease of young adults in the population studied.
Exploring Butane Hash Oil Use: A Research Note

ABSTRACT The practice of “dabbing” has seen an apparent upswing in popularity in recent months within American drug subcultures. “Dabbing” refers to the use of butane-extracted marijuana products that offer users much higher tetrahydrocannabinol content than flower cannabis through a single dosage process. Though considerably more potent than most marijuana strains in their traditional form, these butane hash oil products and the practice of dabbing are underexplored in the empirical literature, especially in prohibition states. A mixed-methods evaluation of a federally funded treatment program for drug-involved offenders identified a small sample (n = 6) of butane hash oil users and generated focus group interview data on the nature of butane hash oil, the practice of dabbing, and its effects. Findings inform discussion of additional research needed on butane hash oil and its implications for the ongoing marijuana legalization debate, including the diversity of users, routes of administration, and differences between retail/medical and prohibition states.
The placebo effect in pain reduction: The influence of conditioning experiences and response expectancies

We investigated the role of conditioning experiences and response expectancies in the generation of placebo effects. On 3 sequential days (Test 1, Experimental Session, Test 2). 66 female undergraduates were presented with a series of pain stimuli. For the experimental group, placebo administration (analgesic cream) was paired with a decrease in the painful stimulus. Two control groups were used to explore the relative contributions of verbally induced expectancies and contingent unconditional stimulus experiences per se. The results show that placebo-induced pain reduction can be obtained as a result of a conditioning procedure, independent of verbally induced expectancies. Mere verbal persuasion was not sufficient to elicit placebo-induced pain reduction. Irrespective of the experimental manipulations, the placebo effect was related to both reduced pain expectations and reduced fear of pain. Although conditioned placebo responses were evident at the subjective level, no placebo effects emerged at the physiological level.
CXCL12 and CXCR4, but not CXCR7, are primarily expressed by the stroma in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Summary The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is involved in numerous models of metastatic dissemination, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We assessed the relative expressions of CXCL12, CXCR4 and CXCR7 in the stroma and the tumour of HNSCC, and evaluated the methylation status of the CXCL12 promoter. Snap-frozen, HPV negative HNSCC samples were micro-dissected to isolate the tumoural and stromal compartments. The expression levels of CXCL12, CXCR4 and CXCR7 were assessed by qRT-PCR, and the methylation level of the CXCL12 promoter was evaluated by pyrosequencing. In total, 23 matched tumour/stroma samples were analysed. Higher expressions of CXCR4 and CXCL12 were observed in the stroma (p = 0.012 and p < 0.0001, respectively). No significant difference in expression was observed for CXCR7. A high methylation level (>40%) of the CXCL12 promoter was observed in only a few tumoural samples (5/23) and was associated with a lower expression of the gene (p = 0.03). Stromal cells, rather than the tumour itself, are mainly responsible for the expression of both CXCL12 and CXCR4 expression in HNSCC. CXCR7 expression did not differ between the two compartments and was not related to CXCL12 or CXCR4 expression. Finally, the methylation of the CXCL12 promoter could only explain the low intra-tumoural expression of this gene in 20% of cases.
Stochastic texture image retrieval and similarity matching

Stochastic texture images representing various foil materials (like polymer sheets, nonwoven textiles and paper) provide important information about these materials, and are frequently utilized in industry. It is often difficult to objectively measure the similarity among those images, or to discriminate images of different types of materials. This work proposes a new multi-resolution method for texture image discrimination and similarity matching. The wavelet transform is used to represent the images in multiple resolutions, and to describe them in terms of their orientation and gray-level distributions. It is also proposed a multi-resolution similarity measure based on this representation. Finally, some experiments illustrate the performance of our method, and some conclusions are presented.
Dispersion modeling of solid core photonic crystal fiber

In this paper we calculate the dispersion values of our home-made solid core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based on step index fiber model. Material dispersion and waveguide dispersion is taken into account while carrying out the calculation. The dispersion values predicted by this model agree well with that obtained by a commercial finite element method (FEM) solver.
Still Looking

Only for you today! Discover your favourite still looking book right here by downloading and getting the soft file of the book. This is not your time to traditionally go to the book stores to buy a book. Here, varieties of book collections are available to download. One of them is this still looking as your preferred book. Getting this book b on-line in this site can be realized now by visiting the link page to download. It will be easy. Why should be here?
Organization and functions of cells responsive to faces in the temporal cortex.

Cells selectively responsive to the face have been found in several visual sub-areas of temporal cortex in the macaque brain. These include the lateral and ventral surfaces of inferior temporal cortex and the upper bank, lower bank and fundus of the superior temporal sulcus (STS). Cells in the different regions may contribute in different ways to the processing of the facial image. Within the upper bank of the STS different populations of cells are selective for different views of the face and head. These cells occur in functionally discrete patches (3-5 mm across) within the STS cortex. Studies of output connections from the STS also reveal a modular anatomical organization of repeating 3-5 mm patches connected to the parietal cortex, an area thought to be involved in spatial awareness and in the control of attention. The properties of some cells suggest a role in the discrimination of heads from other objects, and in the recognition of familiar individuals. The selectivity for view suggests that the neural operations underlying face or head recognition rely on parallel analyses of different characteristic views of the head, the outputs of these view-specific analyses being subsequently combined to support view-independent (object-centred) recognition. An alternative functional interpretation of the sensitivity to head view is that the cells enable an analysis of 'social attention', i.e. they signal where other individuals are directing their attention. A cell maximally responsive to the left profile thus provides a signal that the attention (of another individual) is directed to the observer's left. Such information is useful for analysing social interactions between other individuals. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Polygravity: traffic usage accountability via coarse-grained measurements in multi-tenant data centers

Network usage accountability is critical in helping operators and customers of multi-tenant data centers deal with concerns such as capacity planning, resource allocation, hotspot detection, link failure detection, and troubleshooting. However, the cost of measurements and instrumentation to achieve flow-level accountability is non-trivial. We propose Polygravity to determine tenant traffic usage via lightweight measurements in multi-tenant data centers. We adopt a tomogravity model widely used in ISP networks, and adapt it to a multi-tenant data center environment. By integrating datacenter-specific domain knowledge, sampling-based partial estimation and gravity-based internal sinks/sources estimation, Polygravity addresses two key challenges for adapting tomogravity to a data center environment: sparse traffic matrices and internal traffic sinks/sources. We conducted extensive evaluation of our approach using realistic data center workloads. Our results show that Polygravity can determine tenant IP flow usage with less than 1% average relative error for tenants with fine-grained domain knowledge. In addition, for tenants with coarse-grained domain knowledge and with partial host-based sampling, Polygravity reduces the relative error of sampling-based estimation by 1/3.
Post-Biological Hypersurfacing: Embodied Mixed Reality Data Transfer

This paper focuses on the (d)evolving interface between cyber worlds and the real world, what Giannachi has called the hyper surface. This fusion of real and representation, linking cyber and real worlds constitutes mixed reality interaction as experienced by humans in the physical world, their avatars, agents, and virtual humans. Current mixed reality XML RPC (Remote Procedure Call) interfaces and real-time data transfer enhance the experience of the hyper surface for the audience beyond any previous virtual media types, such as, hypertext, HTML, VRML, virtual reality, etc. Previous research in mixed reality and interactive workspaces that use the concept of a bridge for data transfer have largely inspired this research and I aim to continue the development of new knowledge in this field by critically applying cultural discourse in order to develop a theory regarding the impact of such systems on the notion of post biological identity.
An Assessment of Available Models for the Design of Schottky-Based Multipliers Up to THz Frequencies

This paper evaluates the ranges of application and physical limitations of lumped equivalent circuits and drift-diffusion models for the design of THz circuits. The predictions of these models have been compared with a Monte Carlo model, which was considered as a reference, and with measurements from doublers and triplers designed and fabricated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Additionally, the usefulness of Schottky diodes as frequency multipliers above 3 THz is analyzed with the Monte Carlo model.
Alternative models of cardiac rehabilitation: A systematic review

The traditional hospital-based model of cardiac rehabilitation faces substantial challenges, such as cost and accessibility. These challenges have led to the development of alternative models of cardiac rehabilitation in recent years. The aim of this study was to identify and critique evidence for the effectiveness of these alternative models. A total of 22 databases were searched to identify quantitative studies or systematic reviews of quantitative studies regarding the effectiveness of alternative models of cardiac rehabilitation. Included studies were appraised using a Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool and the National Health and Medical Research Council’s designations for Level of Evidence. The 83 included articles described interventions in the following broad categories of alternative models of care: multifactorial individualized telehealth, internet based, telehealth focused on exercise, telehealth focused on recovery, community- or home-based, and complementary therapies. Multifactorial individualized telehealth and community- or home-based cardiac rehabilitation are effective alternative models of cardiac rehabilitation, as they have produced similar reductions in cardiovascular disease risk factors compared with hospital-based programmes. While further research is required to address the paucity of data available regarding the effectiveness of alternative models of cardiac rehabilitation in rural, remote, and culturally and linguistically diverse populations, our review indicates there is no need to rely on hospital-based strategies alone to deliver effective cardiac rehabilitation. Local healthcare systems should strive to integrate alternative models of cardiac rehabilitation, such as brief telehealth interventions tailored to individual’s risk factor profiles as well as community- or home-based programmes, in order to ensure there are choices available for patients that best fit their needs, risk factor profile, and preferences.