Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quality-assessment expectations and quality-assessment reality in educational interpreting : an exploratory case study

This article focuses on data obtained from three separate studies conducted during a four-year period at Stellenbosch University, a higher education institution in South Africa. All three studies centred on the simultaneous interpretation of undergraduate lectures. Various data sets were used to examine whether there would be a discrepancy between what lecturers in a particular academic department emphasised when they first considered the feasibility of this type of educational interpreting, and what they actually focused on when assessing the interpreters’ performance. Discrepancies and correlations in the quality criteria identified by lecturers were examined against a rubric taken from existing literature on interpreter assessment (notably that of Kurz (2002)). Using this information and augmenting it with comments from a similar assessment of the same material undertaken by experienced interpreters, these discrepancies and correlations are briefly discussed. Given the exploratory nature of this case study, few recommendations are made. However, the fact that the data from this study seem – in broad terms – to agree with studies conducted in the field of conference interpreting would seem to indicate that the discrepancy between stated and actual quality assessment criteria is real, and will require much more detailed study in an educational interpreting setting.
Deglaciation of the Caucasus Mountains, Russia/Georgia, in the 21st century observed with ASTER satellite imagery and aerial photography

Abstract. Changes in the map area of 498 glaciers located on the Main Caucasus ridge (MCR) and on Mt. Elbrus in the Greater Caucasus Mountains (Russia and Georgia) were assessed using multispectral ASTER and panchromatic Landsat imagery with 15 m spatial resolution in 1999/2001 and 2010/2012. Changes in recession rates of glacier snouts between 1987–2001 and 2001–2010 were investigated using aerial photography and ASTER imagery for a sub-sample of 44 glaciers. In total, glacier area decreased by 4.7 ± 2.1% or 19.2 ± 8.7 km2 from 407.3 ± 5.4 km2 to 388.1 ± 5.2 km2. Glaciers located in the central and western MCR lost 13.4 ± 7.3 km2 (4.7 ± 2.5%) in total or 8.5 km2 (5.0 ± 2.4%) and 4.9 km2 (4.1 ± 2.7%) respectively. Glaciers on Mt. Elbrus, although located at higher elevations, lost 5.8 ± 1.4 km2 (4.9 ± 1.2%) of their total area. The recession rates of valley glacier termini increased between 1987–2000/01 and 2000/01–2010 (2000 for the western MCR and 2001 for the central MCR and Mt.~Elbrus) from 3.8 ± 0.8, 3.2 ± 0.9 and 8.3 ± 0.8 m yr−1 to 11.9 ± 1.1, 8.7 ± 1.1 and 14.1 ± 1.1 m yr−1 in the central and western MCR and on Mt. Elbrus respectively. The highest rate of increase in glacier termini retreat was registered on the southern slope of the central MCR where it has tripled. A positive trend in summer temperatures forced glacier recession, and strong positive temperature anomalies in 1998, 2006, and 2010 contributed to the enhanced loss of ice. An increase in accumulation season precipitation observed in the northern MCR since the mid-1980s has not compensated for the effects of summer warming while the negative precipitation anomalies, observed on the southern slope of the central MCR in the 1990s, resulted in stronger glacier wastage.
Genetic Polymorphisms and Molecular Pathogenesis of Endometriosis

The most widely accepted theory to explain endometriosis is that viable endometrial cells reach the peritoneal cavity through retrograde menstruation along the fallopian tubes. Some of the cells then adhere to the peritoneal surface and proliferate in response to the ovarian hormones. However, it is well established that menstrual debris is present in the peritoneal cavity of 90% of menstruating women, suggesting that endometrial cells from only ‘some women’ are capable of establishing ectopic endometrial implants. Why does this happen in only ‘some (10-15%) women’? There are several possible explanations for disease susceptibility, including differences in genetic predisposition (Bischoff FZ et al, 2000), increased exposure to menstrual debris, abnormal eutopic endometrium, altered peritoneal environment, reduced immune-surveillance (Sinaii N et al, 2002), and increased angiogenic capacity (Absenger Y et al, 2004).
CBR Based Performance Analysis of OLSR Routing Protocol in MANETs

Mobile ad-hoc network is an autonomous system which has its own rules and regulations. MANETs control themselves by configuration the system. In this paper, we analysed and implemented TC HELLO messages by using multipoint relay (MPR) of OLSR. The routing performance is then checked using the Qualnet 5.0. 2 simulator. To simulate the performance of the OLSR (Optimised Link State Routing) routing protocol, we took different performance metrics like hello messages sent, hello messages received, TC messages generated, TC messages replied and TC messages received on Constant Bit Rate (CBR) using the random waypoint model.
Effects of training on competitiveness in the manufacturing sector

This article examines the effect of training on competitiveness inthe manufacturing sector, drawing a distinction between industries withdiffering technological and productive characteristics. Using a systemicapproach, it studies activities within firms and the impact that traininghas on them, as well as the organizational and institutional environmentthat supports training and the effect of the latter on the locality as awhole. An analysis is performed at two levels. At the firm level (microanalysis);, econometric tools are used to study the manufacturing sectorin Mexico. At the regional level (meso analysis);, the electronics industry inone region of Mexico is studied. Empirical evidence shows that enterprisetraining has different effects on competitiveness in industries with differenttechnological characteristics. It also has a positive impact on the regionthrough knowledge diffusion.
A numerical model for the formation of gas hydrate below the seafloor

We develop a numerical model to predict the volume and distribution of gas hydrate in marine sediments. We consider the environment of a deep continental margin where sedimentation adds organic material to the region of hydrate stability. Conversion of the organic material to methane by bacteria promotes hydrate formation and depletes the supply of organic carbon. We derive mass balance equations for the volume of hydrate and gas bubbles in the sediments and account for the changing concentration of dissolved methane and salts in the pore fluid. The effects of sediment compaction and the associated fluid flow are explicitly modeled. Allowances for deeper sources of fluid are also described, though we focus on the case of an idealized passive margin where carbon is input solely through sedimentation. The numerical calculations indicate that the key parameters in this model are the rate of sedimentation, the quantity and quality of the organic material, and a rate constant that characterizes the vigor of biological productivity. Model predictions for conditions that are representative of the Blake Ridge are compared with observations from Ocean Drilling Program Leg 164. We obtain a very good match to the observed chlorinity profile, including the region below the stability zone, without invoking any extraneous sources of freshening. We also predict that hydrate is unlikely to occupy more than 7% of the pore volume, in good agreement with observed estimates.
Three‐dimensional remeshed smoothed particle hydrodynamics for the simulation of isotropic turbulence

We present a remeshed particle‐mesh method for the simulation of three‐dimensional compressible turbulent flow. The method is related to the meshfree smoothed particle hydrodynamics method, but the present method introduces a mesh for efficient calculation of the pressure gradient, and laminar and turbulent diffusion. In addition, the mesh is used to remesh (reorganise uniformly) the particles to ensure a regular particle distribution and convergence of the method. The accuracy of the presented methodology is tested for a number of benchmark problems involving two‐ and three‐dimensional Taylor‐Green flow, thin double shear layer, and three‐dimensional isotropic turbulence. Two models were implemented, direct numerical simulations, and Smagorinsky model. Taking advantage of the Lagrangian advection, and the finite difference efficiency, the method is capable of providing quality simulations while maintaining its robustness and versatility.
Image Scene Classification Based on Fisher Discriminative Analysis and Sparse Coding

Bag of visual words (BoVW) is currently widely utilized as an image representation model. However, conventional BoVW methods usually bring drawbacks such as large representation errors, lack of spatial information and weak discrimination. In order to overcome those, this paper proposes a new image scene classification algorithm based on fisher discriminative analysis and sparse coding. Firstly, we construct the non-negative sparse locally linear coding to encode the local features with neighbors' visual vocabularies, thus to make effective use of images' spatial information. Secondly, we add fisher discriminative analysis to construct a non-negative sparse locally linear coding model based on fisher discriminative criterion constraint, thus to obtain the images' discriminative sparse representation, and promote the spatial separability of sparse coefficients and enforce the classification capability of images' sparse representation. Finally, we combine SVM classifier to perform scene classification. Experiment results show that our algorithm efficiently utilizes spatial information of images and incline to seek images' discrimination representations, and improves the classification performance, thus it's more suitable for image classification.
Evaluation of a Parent Training Program for Promoting Filipino Young Children's Number Sense with Number Card Games

Not all parents are skilled in scaffolding their young children’s numeracy learning. The present study investigated the effectiveness of a parent training program in promoting Filipino young children’s number sense via card game playing at home. Participants were 161 young children and their parents; families were of a relatively low socioeconomic status. During the 10-week intervention period, parents in the experimental group received training on how to use number game cards to help their children acquire various numeracy concepts; parents in the control group received no special instructions. Children in the experimental group showed greater improvements in their performance on six number sense tasks (namely numeral identification, object counting, rote counting, missing number, numerical magnitude comparison, and addition) over the intervention period than did children in the control group. Findings of the present study suggest that providing simple training to parents on strategies for fostering their young children’s number sense at home is important for giving children a good early start in basic number knowledge.
PCR-based detection of Theileria infection and molecular characterization of Tams1 T. annulata vaccine strain

In order to develop a method for detecting and identification of Theileria annulata, the specific primers from the major merozoite-piroplasm surface antigen sequence of Theileria (Tams1) were used to detect the T. annulata by nested-PCR technique. The assay provides a valuable tool for the identification of Theileria annulata directly from clinical samples and enables determination of the infecting species by a facile technique with high sensitivity and specificity power. The sensitivity of the PCR was determined up to 1.34 pg infected DNA, and specificity of the PCR was confirmed by DNA sequencing. The Tams1 nested-PCR assay will facilitate parasite infection follow up and might improve diagnosis and therapeutic approach of bovine tropical theileriosis. Moreover, multiple alignment and phylogenetic analysis of Tams1 sequences of available strains/isolates showed that there is a particular restriction site in T. annulata Iran-vaccine strain could be recognized by AvaII enzyme. These findings can be used in further disease control and prevention program as well as epidemiological studies.
Special feature Abundance analysis of prime B-type targets for asteroseismology

Aims. The main goal of the ground-based seismology support program for the CoRoT mission was to obtain photometric and spectroscopic data for stars in the fields monitored by the satellite. These ground-based observations were collected in the GAUDI archive. High-resolution spectra of more than 200 B-type stars are available in this database, and about 45% of them is analysed here. Methods. To derive the effective temperature of the stars, we used photometric indices. Surface gravities were obtained by comparing observed and theoretical Balmer line profiles. To determine the chemical abundances and rotational velocities, we used a spectrum synthesis method, which consisted of comparing the observed spectrum with theoretical ones based on the assumption of LTE. Results. Atmospheric parameters, chemical abundances, and rotational velocities were determined for 89 late-B stars. The dominant species in their spectra are iron-peak elements. The average Fe abundance is 7.24 ± 0.45 dex. The average rotational velocity is 126 km s−1, but there are 13 and 20 stars with low and moderate V sin i values, respectively. The analysis of this sample of 89 late B-type stars reveals many chemically peculiar (CP) stars. Some of them were previously known, but at least 9 new CP candidates, among which at least two HgMn stars, are identified in our study. These CP stars as a group exhibit V sin i values lower than the stars with normal surface chemical composition.
Unstable Individual Preferences and Stable Aggregate Demand: French Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Farmed and Wild Cod

We use panel data from two experiments conducted five months a part to investigate the stability of individual preferences and aggregate demand for five types of fish. Even though the bids in the two experiments are positively correlated, they clearly suggest that the individual preferences are unstable. This may be explained by internal desire for variety or by external effects such as new relevant information, seasonality in preferences, changes in the quality of the fish, and changes in the market price of fish. However, the aggregate demand curves of the participants are stable when we control for changes in the perceived quality of the fish and price expectations of the participants. In other words, the stability is generated by aggregation rather than derived from stable individual preferences.
Gaps, Rings, and Non-Axisymmetric Structures in Protoplanetary Disks - From Simulations to ALMA Observations

Aims. Recent observations by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) of disks around young stars revealed distinct asymmetries in the dust continuum emission. In this work we wish to study axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric structures that are generated by the magneto-rotational instability in the outer regions of protoplanetary disks. We combine the results of state-of-the-art numerical simulations with post-processing radiative transfer (RT) to generate synthetic maps and predictions for ALMA.Methods. We performed non-ideal global 3D magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) stratified simulations of the dead-zone outer edge using the FARGO MHD code PLUTO. The stellar and disk parameters were taken from a parameterized disk model applied for fitting high-angular resolution multi-wavelength observations of various circumstellar disks. We considered a stellar mass of M∗ = 0.5 M⊙ and a total disk mass of about 0.085 M∗. The 2D initial temperature and density profiles were calculated consistently from a given surface density profile and Monte Carlo radiative transfer. The 2D Ohmic resistivity profile was calculated using a dust chemistry model. We considered two values for the dust-to-gas mass ratio, 10-2 and 10-4, which resulted in two different levels of magnetic coupling. The initial magnetic field was a vertical net flux field. The radiative transfer simulations were performed with the Monte Carlo-based 3D continuum RT code MC3D. The resulting dust reemission provided the basis for the simulation of observations with ALMA.Results. All models quickly turned into a turbulent state. The fiducial model with a dust-to-gas mass ratio of 10-2 developed a large gap followed by a jump in surface density located at the dead-zone outer edge. The jump in density and pressure was strong enough to stop the radial drift of particles at this location. In addition, we observed the generation of vortices by the Rossby wave instability at the jump location close to 60 AU. The vortices were steadily generated and destroyed at a cycle of 40 local orbits. The RT results and simulated ALMA observations predict that it is feasible to observe these large-scale structures that appear in magnetized disks without planets. Neither the turbulent fluctuations in the disk nor specific times of the model can be distinguished on the basis of high-angular resolution submillimeter observations alone. The same applies to the distinction between gaps at the dead-zone edges and planetary gaps, to the distinction between turbulent and simple unperturbed disks, and to the asymmetry created by the vortex.
A business approach to advanced engineering portfolio selection

The environmental situation is becoming more severe and a sustainable approach is therefore crucial in order to maximize a firm’s value. The automotive industry represents one of the main manufacturing sectors in the world and the increasing vehicle usage worldwide is straining the environment. Therefore, it is of great importance that automotive companies work to reduce their environmental impact. One automotive manufacturer, aiming to be more sustainable, is Volvo Cars. The company is improving their cars from a sustainability perspective through various efforts within the R&D departments. However, it is not possible to execute an extensive number of projects, thus a strategic selection process is required. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the process of selecting environmental advanced engineering projects at Volvo Cars can be improved in order to create more alignment with business goals and maximize the value of the projects. The study was performed using a qualitative method. The purpose was achieved by performing a literature review where theories connected to selection of technology projects were studied. Furthermore, several qualitative semi-structured interviews have been conducted with employees related to the studied process. Triangulation has been done to ensure credibility and confirmability of the results obtained. Based on analysis of the theoretical and empirical findings, conclusions were drawn. The result of the study was that more cross-functional collaborations are needed throughout the process. Furthermore, an establishment of two defined screenings which serve different purposes can be beneficial to ensure that the right projects are selected. To ensure that the portfolio of projects is strategically aligned, maximized in value and has a good balance some tools can be applied to the activities in the process to facilitate decision making. Additionally, it was found that a software tool used for idea generation in other contexts within the organization could possibly be applicable to the process of selecting environmental advance engineering projects at Volvo Cars to enhance communication and information distribution.
Treatment Outcomes of Re-irradiation in Locoregionally Recurrent Rectal Cancer and Clinical Significance of Proper Patient Selection

Background and Purpose: Majority of patients with locoregionally recurrent rectal cancer will require re-irradation (reRT). This study aimed to analyze the treatment outcomes, particularly infield progression, and severe late toxicity rates after reRT for recurrent rectal cancer and further identify a subgroup of patients who may optimally benefit from reRT. Materials and Methods: Patients with rectal cancer who underwent reRT to the pelvis between January 2000 and December 2017 were included for analysis. Results: The records of 41 patients were retrospectively reviewed. The median follow-up period after reRT was 53.7 months (range 3.5–130.3 months). The 2-year infield progression-free rate (IPFR) was 49.4%. The 2-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 55.3 and 28.5%, respectively. Severe late toxicity events occurred in 17 patients, and the median time from reRT to severe late toxicity event was 10.5 months (range 2.3–33.3 months). The 2-year severe late toxicity free-rate (SLTFR) was 55.5%, and the median SLTFR was 33.3 months. Patients who did not experience severe late toxicity events showed a significantly higher number of recurred tumors at the posterior or lateral location compared to axial or anterior location. The selected subgroup with recurrent tumor size <3.3 cm and treated with total reRT dose of >50 Gyab10 (n = 13) showed superior IPFR, OS, and PFS to the other patients. Conclusion: ReRT was a reasonable treatment option for patients with locoregionally recurrent rectal cancer. However, severe late toxicity rates were substantially high. Thus, patients indicated for ReRT with curative dose should be selected properly according to tumor size and location.
A search for disks around exoplanet host stars

We have assembled a database which comprises optical and infrared (IR) photometry of Exoplanet Host stars (EHs), and constructed the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of these stars. We use several quantities to explore the existence of excess IR emission with respect to the photospheric level. In particular, the criteria proposed by Mannings & Barlow (1998) identify IR excess in 19-23% of the class V EH sources (i.e., in 6-7 out of 31). Several searches for Vega-like systems have yielded a similar fraction of objects with IR excess emission among main sequence stars. This excess emission is likely due to the presence of dust in circumstellar disks. We compare the optical polarization properties of the EHs, Vega-like candidate objects and pre-main sequence stars. While the median polarizations of the EHs and Vega-like candidate objects are very similar, both groups have significant lower median optical polarization values than T Tauri and Herbig AeBe stars.
Weather-based yield forecasts developed for 12 California crops

Crop-yield forecasts provide useful information to growers, marketers, government agencies and other users. Yields for several crops in California are currently forecast based on field surveys and farmer interviews, although official forecasts do not exist for many crops. Because broadscale crop yields depend largely on the weather, measurements from existing meteorological stations have the potential to provide reliable, timely and cost-effective predictions. We developed weather-based models of statewide yields for 12 major California crops and tested their accuracy using cross-validation from 1980 to 2003. Many of the weather-based forecasts were highly accurate, as judged by the percentage of yield variation explained by the forecast, the number of yields with correctly predicted direction of yield change, or the number of yields with correctly predicted extreme yields. The most successfully modeled crop was almonds, with 81% of yield variance captured by the forecast. Predictions for most crops relied on weather measurements well before harvest time, in many cases allowing longer lead times than existing procedures.