Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review of Crop Water Stress Assessment Using Remote Sensing

Currently, the world is facing high competition and market risks in improving yield, crop illness, and crop water stress. This could potentially be addressed by technological advancements in the form of precision systems, improvements in production, and through ensuring the sustainability of development. In this context, remote-sensing systems are fully equipped to address the complex and technical assessment of crop production, security, and crop water stress in an easy and efficient way. They provide simple and timely solutions for a diverse set of ecological zones. This critical review highlights novel methods for evaluating crop water stress and its correlation with certain measurable parameters, investigated using remote-sensing systems. Through an examination of previous literature, technologies, and data, we review the application of remote-sensing systems in the analysis of crop water stress. Initially, the study presents the relationship of relative water content (RWC) with equivalent water thickness (EWT) and soil moisture crop water stress. Evapotranspiration and sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence are then analyzed in relation to crop water stress using remote sensing. Finally, the study presents various remote-sensing technologies used to detect crop water stress, including optical sensing systems, thermometric sensing systems, land-surface temperature-sensing systems, multispectral (spaceborne and airborne) sensing systems, hyperspectral sensing systems, and the LiDAR sensing system. The study also presents the future prospects of remote-sensing systems in analyzing crop water stress and how they could be further improved.
Information in the First Globalization: News Agencies and Trade

This paper documents the effect of information frictions on trade using a historical large-scale improvement in the transmission of news: the emergence of global news agencies. The information available to potential traders became more abundant, was delivered faster and at a cheaper price between countries covered by a news agency. Exploiting differences in the timing of telegraph openings and news agency coverage across pairs of countries, we are able to disentangle the pure effect of information from the effect of a reduction in communication costs. Panel gravity estimates reveal that bilateral trade increased by 30\% more for pairs of countries covered by a news agency and connected by a telegraph than for pairs of countries simply connected by a telegraph.
On Optimizing the Divergence Angle of an FSO-Based Fronthaul Link in Drone-Assisted Mobile Networks

In a free space optics (FSO)-based drone-assisted mobile network, a drone-mounted base station (DBS) can be rapidly deployed over a place of interest to relay traffic between Internet of Things (IoT) devices and a macro base station (MBS), and FSO is applied as the fronthaul solution between the DBS and the MBS to provide a high link capacity at a long distance. However, due to inevitable optical beam misalignment, having a smaller divergence angle of the optical beam may increase the outage probability of the FSO-based fronthaul link. On the other hand, having a larger divergence angle may reduce the capacity of the FSO-based fronthaul link. So, it is critical but challenging to determine the divergence angle in order to optimize the tradeoff between minimizing the outage probability and maximizing the capacity for the FSO-based fronthaul link in the context of the FSO-based drone-assisted mobile network. In this article, we formulate an optimization problem to determine the optimal divergence angle that can minimize the link outage probability, while guaranteeing the capacity of the FSO-based fronthaul link no less than the threshold. The link outage and capacity aware divergence angle (LEARN) algorithm is designed to efficiently solve the problem. The performance of LEARN is demonstrated via extensive simulations.
6G Enabled Tactile Internet and Cognitive Internet of Healthcare Everything: Towards a Theoretical Framework

Digital era deficiencies traditionally exist in healthcare applications because of the unbalanced distribution of medical resources, especially in rural areas globally. Cognitive data intelligence, which constitute the integration of cognitive computing, massive data analytics, and tiny artificial intelligence, especially tiny machine learning, can be used to palpate a patient’s health status, physiologically and psychologically transforming the current healthcare system. To remotely detect patients’ emotional state of diagnosing diseases, the integration of 6G enabled Tactile Internet, cognitive data intelligence, and Internet of Healthcare Everything is proposed to form the 6GCIoHE system that aims at achieving global ubiquitous accessibility, extremely low latency, high reliability, and elevated performance in cognitive healthcare in real time to ensure patients receive prompt treatment, especially for the haptic actions. Judiciously, a model-driven methodology is proffered to facilitate the 6GCIoHE system design and development that adopts different refinement levels to incorporate the cognitive healthcare requirements through the interactions of semantic management, process management, cognitive intelligence capabilities, and knowledge sources. Based on the 6GCIoHE system architecture, applications, and challenges, the aim of this study was accomplished by developing a novel theoretical framework to captivate further research within the cognitive healthcare field.
Stir bar sorptive extraction methods for determination of pesticide residues in wine and a study of storage wines from Slovenia

New analytical methods for the determination of pesticide residues in wine were introduced and validated. Extraction was performed with sorption of the active substances on the stir bar and determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The methods were applied in practice. A total of 77 active substances were searched for in 42 wine samples from all 3 wine-growing regions of Slovenia. The fungicides dimethomorph, fludioxonil and pyraclostrobin were found in 78.6% of all analysed samples. The risk assessment concluded that the analysed wine samples do not pose an unacceptable risk to consumers. The results were compared with previous studies. določali aktivnih Fungicide dimetomorf, fludioksonil in piraklostrobin določili 78,6 % analiziranih vzorcev. oceno tveganja smo ugotovili, analizirani vzorci vina tveganja za potrošnika. smo s raziskavami.
A model study on the photodecarbonyl reaction of (η5-C5H5)M(CO)2 (M = Co, Rh, Ir)

The group 9 organometallic complexes η5-CpM(CO)2 (M = Co, Rh, and Ir) and Si(CH3)3(H) have been considered as a model system to study their photochemical decarbonyl reactions as well as the Si–H bond activation reactions using the CASSCF and MP2-CAS computational methods. For the cobalt complex, three kinds of reaction pathways, which result in the same oxidative addition product, are investigated. Our theoretical finding demonstrated that after the photoirradiation, η5-CpCo(CO)2 loses one CO ligand without any difficulty to form either the triplet ([η5-CpCo(CO)]3) or singlet ([η5-CpCo(CO)]1) species. The former plays a decisive role in the formation of the final oxidative addition product. On the other hand, the latter plays no role in the production of the final product molecule, but its singlet cobalt center interacts weakly with solvent molecules ((Me3)SiH) to produce an alkyl-solvated organometallic complex, which is experimentally detectable. The present works reveal that both η5-CpRh(CO)2 and η5-CpIr(CO)2 should adopt the conical intersection mechanism after they are irradiated by light. Moreover, our theoretical examinations strongly suggest that for the 16-electron monocarbonyl η5-CpM(CO) (M = Rh and Ir) species, the insertion into a Si–H bond by the Ir system is much more facile and more exothermic than that for the Rh counterpart.
Color Images

We’ve been working with images in “white” light. It is possible to create color images as well. The process is a little bit more complicated than just white light, where shades or gray are determined simply from the number of photons counted on each pixel. “Pretty colors” require images of your object in at least three filters (green, red, and blue). At Mt. Cuba, we use the Johnson filter system, so our typical filters are u (ultraviolet), v (visual), b (blue) and r (red). The U filter only allows ultraviolet light (around 3500 Angstroms) through, the B (blue) filter lets light around 4500 Angstroms through, the V (visible, also called green) filter lets light around 5500 A through, and the R (red) filter lets light around 6500 A through. Image file names will contain the appropriate filter letter in their names. An image taken with no filter (usually includes “nf” in the file name) helps improve the detail in the final image. Calibrated color images also require flat fields taken in each filter. The three different images are calibrated, using the corresponding flat taken with the same filter, and then combined to create a final color image. The steps below outline the reduction process. This information is also covered in the book. I don’t know what page, but make sure you read the relevant pages before attempting this exercise.
Theory of elastic and inelastic X-ray scattering

X-rays have been widely exploited to unravel the structure of matter since their discovery in 1895. Nowadays, with the emergence of new X-ray sources with higher intensity and very short pulse duration, notably X-ray Free Electron Lasers, the number of experiments that may be considered in the X-ray regime has increased dramatically, making the characterization of gas phase atoms and molecules in space and time possible. This thesis explores in the theoretical analysis and calculation of X-ray scattering atoms and molecules, far beyond the independent atom model. A method to calculate inelastic X-ray scattering from atoms and molecules is presented. The method utilizes electronic wavefunctions calculated using ab-initio electronic structure methods. Wavefunctions expressed in Gaussian type orbitals allow for efficient calculations based on analytical Fourier transforms of the electron density and overlap integrals. The method is validated by extensive calculations of inelastic cross-sections in H, He+, He, Ne, C, Na and N2. The calculated cross-sections are compared to crosssections from inelastic X-ray scattering experiments, electron energy-loss spectroscopy, and theoretical reference values. We then begin to account for the effect of nuclear motion, in the first instance by predicting elastic X-ray scattering from state-selected molecules. We find strong signatures corresponding to the specific vibrational and rotational state of (polyatomic) molecules. The ultimate goal of this thesis is to study atomic and molecular wavepackets using time-resolved X-ray scattering. We present a theoretical framework based on quantum electrodynamics and explore various elastic and
School Centres for ‘Savages’ In Pursuit of a Convivial Sociability in the Bolivian Amazon

In the 1930s, the Bolivian elites promoted an education policy inspired by indigenist thought which sought to solve the problems faced by indigenous people – concerning welfare, hygiene, agricultural techniques, land issues – and to value to some extent their own culture. The ideal pursued was to shape a truly conviviality of Bolivian society with its otherness, giving rise to a new type of ‘Indian’ who would contribute actively and voluntarily to the progress of the nation. This educational project also addressed the Amazonian societies through the so-called school centres for “savages”. The ‘wild nature’ and ‘primitive state’ of the ethnic groups with which these schools operated – specifically the Siriono and the Moré – however, meant that the educational actions undertaken under indigenist ideals were also impregnated with civilizing principles.
High-glucose 3D INS-1 cell model combined with a microfluidic circular concentration gradient generator for high throughput screening of drugs against type 2 diabetes

In vitro models for screening of drugs against type 2 diabetes are crucial for the pharmaceutical industry. This paper presents a new approach for integration of a three-dimensionally-cultured insulinoma cell line (INS-1 cell) incubated in a high concentration of glucose as a new model. In this model, INS-1 cells tended to aggregate in the 3D gel (basement membrane extractant, BME), in a similar way to 3D in vivo cell culture models. The proliferation of INS-1 cells in BME was initially promoted and then suppressed by the high concentration of glucose, and the function of insulin secretion also was initially enhanced and then inhibited by the high concentration of glucose. These phenomena were similar to hyperglycemia symptoms, proving the validity of the proposed model. This model can help find the drugs that stimulate insulin secretion. Then, we identified the difference between the new model and the traditional two-dimensional model in terms of cell morphology, inhibition rate of cell proliferation, and insulin secretion. Simultaneously, we developed a circular drug concentration gradient generator based on microfluidic technology. We integrated the high-glucose 3D INS-1 cell model and the circular concentration gradient generator in the same microdevice, tested the utility of this microdevice in the field of drug screening with glipizide as a model drug, and found that the microdevice was more sensitive than the traditional device to screen the anti-diabetic drugs.
Adriamycin‐induced DNA strand breaks in HeLa and in P388 leukaemia cells detected using in situ nick translation

DNA strand breaks produced by adriamycin (ADR) were measured in HeLa cells and ADR‐sensitive and ‐resistant P388 leukaemia cells, using the in situ nick translation method. The break sites in the DNA were translated artificially in the presence of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I and 3H‐labelled dTTP, and were visualized by autoradiographic observation of the grains. The DNA strand breaks in the HeLa cells increased in a dose‐dependent manner, compared with findings in the untreated control cells, i.e., 15·2 fold at 20 μg/ml of ADR for 1 h. This level correlated with DNA single‐strand breaks detected by the alkaline elution method. DNA breaks were also noted in the ADR‐sensitive P388 cells, but in the ADR‐resistant cells the level of DNA strand breaks was low. The enhanced cytotoxicity is apparently the consequence of the enhanced potential of ADR to cause breaks in the DNA strands.
Automatic Detection of Deceptive and Truthful Paralinguistic Information in Speech using Two-Level Machine Learning Model

In this work, we present a novel approach to one of computational paralinguistic tasks – automatic detection of deceptive and truthful information in human’s speech. This task belongs to the aspects of destructive behaviour and was first presented at the International INTERSPEECH Computational Paralinguistics Challenge ComParE in 2016. The need of contactless method for deception detection follows from the fact that existing contact-based approaches such as polygraphs and lie detectors have multiple restrictions, which significantly limit their usage. Both for training and testing of the proposed models we used two English-language corpora (Deceptive Speech Database and Real-Life Trial Deception Detection Dataset). We extracted tree sets of acoustic features from those audio samples using openSMILE toolkit. The proposed approach includes preprocessing of the extracted acoustic features with the usage of methods for data augmentation and dimensionality reduction of feature space. We have got 1680 speech utterances and 986-dimensional informative feature vector for each utterance. The main part of the proposed approach is two-level recognition model, where the first level includes three models of gradient boosting (Catboost, XGBoost and LightGBM). The second level consists of logistic regression-based model for final prediction on truthfulness or deceptiveness that takes into account predictions from the first level. Using this approach, we have achieved the result of classification in terms of F-score = 85.6%. The proposed approach can be used both independently and as a component of multimodal systems for detection of deceptive and truthful utterances in speech, as well as in systems for detection of a destructive behaviour.
Hydrogen-Bonded Siloxane Liquid Crystals for Hybrid Nanomaterials

The self-assembly of molecular inorganic/organic hybrid building blocks into ordered hierarchical nanomaterials with a tunable morphology is an enormous challenge. Here, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a novel liquid crystalline hydrogen-bonding hepta(dimethylsiloxane) azobenzene carboxylic acid dimer. This inorganic/organic hybrid dimer forms sub-5 nm lamellar features in the bulk and at the liquid solid interface. When mixed with a complementary hydrogen-bonding disk-shaped small molecule, a columnar hexagonal phase is formed. When adding a block copolymer containing hydrogen bond-accepting moieties, a hierarchical nanostructured material is obtained with a hexagonal columnar arrangement perpendicular to lamellae super structure. Our supramolecular approach shows that hierarchical hybrid nanomaterials can be fabricated with controlled properties which is appealing for applications such as nanoporous materials, organic electronics, and nanolithography.
Improvement in Lactose Tolerance in Hypolactasic Subjects Consuming Ice Creams with High or Low Concentrations of Bifidobacterium bifidum 900791

Although Bifidobacterium bifidum expresses lactase activity, no clinical trials have determined its impact on lactose-intolerant subjects. This study evaluated whether acute and chronic ingestion of ice creams containing B. bifidum 900791 at high (107 CFU/g) or low (105 CFU/g) concentrations improved lactose tolerance in hypolactasic subjects. Fifty subjects were selected based on a positive lactose (20 g) hydrogen breath test (HBT0) and the presence of digestive symptoms. The recruited subjects were required to perform breath tests after the acute ingestion of: (1) ice cream containing 20 g of lactose without a probiotic (HBT1); (2) the same ice cream, accompanied by a lactase tablet (HBT2); (3) the same ice cream containing the low or high dose of probiotic (HBT3-LD and HBT3-HD); and (4) after the chronic consumption of the ice cream without (placebo) or with the low concentration of probiotic for 1 month (HBT4). Significant decreases in H2 excretion during HBT2 and HBT3-HD as well as digestive symptoms during HBT2, HBT3-HD and HBT3-LD were observed compared to HBT0 and HBT1, while the orocecal transit time increased. Chronic consumption of the probiotic ice cream did not enhance lactose tolerance compared to the placebo. These results suggest that the acute ingestion of ice cream containing high or low concentrations of B. bifidum 900791 improves lactose tolerance in hypolactasic subjects.
A large-scale, multicentered trial evaluating the sensitivity and specificity of digital PCR versus ARMS-PCR for detecting ctDNA-based EGFR p.T790M in non-small-cell lung cancer patients

Background Developing liquid biopsy technology with higher sensitivity and specificity especially for low-frequency mutations remains crucial. This study demonstrated superior performance of the newly developed digital PCR (dPCR) kit for ctDNA-based EGFR p.T790M detection in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) against ARMS-PCR. Methods This large-scale, multi-centered diagnostic study recruited 1,045 patients including 1,029 patients diagnosed with advanced NSCLC and 16 patients with specific samples between April 1st 2018 and November 30th 2019. EGFR p.T790M in plasma samples from mNSCLC patients were tested using dPCR with ADx-ARMS PCR and Cobas® EGFR Mutation Test V2 as comparator assays to confirm cut-off value for dPCR and evaluate its performance against ARMS-PCR-based assays. Efficacy was evaluated for patients with EGFR p.T790M detected by dPCR or ARMS-PCR, who underwent Osimertinib treatment. Results The sensitivity, specificity, and concordance of dPCR against ADx-ARMS PCR was 98.15%, 88.66% and 90.16%, respectively for 1,026 plasma samples. Additional 9.26% patients were detected positive by dPCR. The majority of those samples had a mutation allele frequency between 0.1% and 1%. In 45 paired tissue and plasma samples, the sensitivity improved from 30.77% to 53.85% by dPCR with the specificity over 90%. The response of Osimertinib in 74 EGFR p.T790M-positive patients detected by dPCR, including 26 determined as negative by ARMS-PCR, were evaluated to have an ORR of 44.59% and a DCR of 90.54%. Conclusions dPCR is a sensitive and accurate tool for ctDNA-based EGFR p.T790M detection due to its significantly improved sensitivity without compromising specificity, and dPCR is equivalent to ARMS-PCR as a companion diagnostic tool while benefiting more patients under Osimertinib treatment. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry identifier: ChiCTR2100043147.
Gas phase reactivity of methoxide and formate complexes of Mg(II). Hydride transfer and relationship to the water-gas shift reaction

In this work the gas phase reactivity of methoxide complexes of Mg(II) haas been studied via mass spectrometry, quantum chemical calculations and statistical models for unimolecular kinetics. The hydride transfer from these complexes to CO2 was found to be exothermic with a submerged barrier in the case of the cationic MeOMg. The equivalent reaction with the anionic MeOMgCl2 – was determined to be thermoneutral, with a reaction barrier substantially increased in comparison to the cation. Quantum chemical calculations revealed the equivalent reaction with MeOMgCl to be the energetic step between energetics of the two following reaction, with each added ligand increasing barrier heights and increasing the endothermicity of the reaction. The partial charge of the Mg(II) moiety is suggested to be the primary factor determining the barrier height for the hydride transfer from these magnesium methoxide complexes. The equivalent reaction in the absence of Mg(II) was found to exhibit a computational hydride transfer barrier of −10 kJ mol−1, with products at −57 kJ mol−1 relative to the reactants. This indicates the presence of Mg(II) does not improve the energetics of this hydride transfer. The unimolecular and bimolecular reactivity of magnesium formate complexes was explored. The magnesium formate complexes were found to preferentially dissociate via loss of CO2 over loss of CO. The barriers for loss of CO2 from these complexes were found to be greater than activation energies typical for the water-gas shift reaction where decomposition of formate is thought to be a key step. A decrease in barrier heights was found when Mg(II) was replaced by less electronegative alkaline earth metals in silico. The presence of H2O, MeOH and CH3CHO electrostatically bound to the Mg moiety of these magnesium formate complexes was found to drastically reduce the reaction barriers for decarboxylation and decarbonylation of the formate moiety to the point where these reactions dominate over most reactions where the neutral molecule plays and active role.