Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurement subsystem for evaluation of local atomic clocks quality

We present the design, implementation and test results of a new measurement system for continuous evaluation of atomic clocks quality and selection of the best one as a local reference clock that operation is coordinated with the governmental time scale created in National Metrology Institute. The described system is developed as a part of the project called Legal Time Distribution System performed within European program EUREKA. Streszczenie. W artykule opisane są projekt, sposób realizacji oraz wyniki badań eksperymentalnych systemu pomiarowego do ciągłej ewaluacji jakości atomowych źródeł zegarowych i wyboru źródła referencyjnego, którego działanie jest koordynowane z urzędową skalą czasu. Opisany system został opracowany jako część projektu System Dystrybucji Czasu Urzędowego realizowanego w ramach europejskiego programu EUREKA. (Podsystem pomiarowy do weryfikacji parametrów lokalnych atomowych źródeł sygnału zegarowego)
Theory and Computations for the Nonlinear Burgers' Equation via the Use of Sinc-Galerkin Method

In this research, Burgers’ equation, which is well known to be nonlinear partial differential equation, has many applications for studying some physical phenomena in the disciplines we mention, water waves, plasma waves, and ion acoustic plasma waves. The paper demonstrates a comprehensive performance assessment for the use of sinc methodology to solve Burgers’ equation; the method used in this research depends mainly on the use of the sinc function as a basis, where the equation under consideration was converted into an integral equation of Volterra type. Then, the x − derivatives were approximated and replaced by their corresponding sinc matrices and the resulting integral equation was also treated by approximating the integral via the use of definite integral formula for sinc functions. The method used is the sinc method, taking into account the domain on the x − axis and the time axis t t , where transformation functions intervened to make the problem applicable in their domains. The solution has been converted into an algebraic equation that is easy to deal with through any iterative method. As for the proof, the convergence of the resulting solution has been proven using the fixed-point method. It turns out that the approximate solution to the problem under consideration converges to the exact solution with an exponential order. Some examples were presented, and the effectiveness and accuracy of the method were shown by displaying the results in tables and graphs, which showed the efficacy and ease of the sinc method.
Innovative landfill bioreactor systems for municipal solid waste treatment in East Africa aimed at optimal energy recovery and minimal greenhouse gas emissions

Landfilling is currently the dominant disposal method for municipal solid waste (MSW) in developing countries. Approximately 50% of the MSW generated in East Africa is disposed in landfills. Low costs and availability of land have made landfilling the most common waste management option in East Africa. Two main aspects associated with landfills are the landfill gas potential (LFG) and the greenhouse gas emission. A desk study into the development and application of landfill systems for treating MSW have indicated that the operation of landfills as bioreactors is an interesting and viable option for MSW management. The main objective of the thesis was to develop and describe landfill bioreactor (LFB) basedtreatment systems suitable for MSW in East African cities. MSW collected in these cities is characterized dominantly by a high content of organic material and a high moisture content. It is expected that a more sophisticated and modern form of landfill such as a LFB will become important as a treatment system for MSW in East Africa on the short and middle term. For this purpose, four innovative landfill bioreactor system options which are technically feasible and resource-recovery oriented that match the conditions of East African cities have been developed. These innovative system options of landfills operated as bioreactors were identified, elaborated and evaluated based on literature information regarding the construction and performance of landfill bioreactors in highly industrialized western countries and characteristics of MSW in East Africa, experimental research on pilot plant scale and desk studies regarding biological conversion of the waste, and modeling of the biodegradation rates and biogas production of MSW. The four system options were also evaluated by means of a semi-mathematical calculation model regarding their investment and operation costs, land space requirement, leachate treatment costs and savings, LFG generation and LFG collection and utilization costs and benefits, airspace recovery, greenhouse gas accounting and global warming avoidance.The results with respect to the evaluation were compared with a controlled dumpsite for MSW as currently applied in East Africa. All four modifications of the LFB show great advantages with respect to landfill size, amount of biogas collected and reduction of the emission of greenhouse gases.The innovative system options proposed in this thesis are useful and helpful for decision makers in making the choice of MSW disposal suitable for the East-African cities
Chara lipkinii (Charales, Charophyceae): a new dioecious Mediterranean species under risk of extinction in the wild and some implications for the taxonomy of the genus Chara

: A new species, Chara lipkinii , was described based on specimens from the Mediterranean, Israel. Dioecy, 10–13 branchlets in a whorl, complete tylacanthous to isostichous displostichous axial cortex with very short solitary spine cells, hardly visible diplostephanous bistipulate short obtuse stipulodes, frequently appearing as haplostephanous, in combination with completely ecorticate branchlets without cortex initials and with 1–3, mainly two nodes with unilateral bract cells distinguish it from species of Chara described to date. Its morphological traits, which are most important in the infrageneric taxonomy described by Wood, point towards its placement in the subsection Chara , rather than its distant clustering with both Chara and Grovesia . The oospore surface of C. lipkinii showed no features allowing identification based on oospore morphology only, but could be useful to distinguish it from some species. According to our analyses, the genetic affinity of species based on rbcL and ITS1 mostly does not support infrageneric division of the genus Chara based on morphological traits. is a freshwater and brackish water species, growing in small shallow inland water bodies and streams in the Eastern Mediterranean, i.e., in one of the most threatened water bodies of the region. The species faces a very high risk of extinction in the wild. It has disappeared from all previously discovered localities, which no longer support charophyte populations. The gradual decline and disappearance of living plants from one recently discovered locality of C. lipkinii were observed as a result of heavy sediment accumulation and eutrophication. Urgent action to restore the habitat needs to be taken. of 30000 and the rbc and ITS1 Convergence of the two chains was assessed, stationarity determined according to the (the first 25% of samples were discarded as “burn–in”), and the posterior probabilities were calculated from the trees sampled during the stationary phase. The robustness of the trees was estimated by bootstrap percentages (BP; S tamatakis et al. 2008) in ML and posterior probabilities (PP) in BI. BP < 50% and PP < 0.95 were not considered. ML–based bootstrap analysis was inferred using the web service RAxML version 7.7. 1 (http://embnet.vitalit. ch/ raxml–bb/; Kozlov
Leading indicators for forecasting civil engineering market development

Civil engineering has traditionally been a closed market. However, the 21 st century has seen it opening up and becoming a new business area for companies. Business knowledge is required in business management, but the availability of that knowledge is scant. It is difficult for companies to plan their future business as they often do not even have knowledge of today’s market structure or situation. The public sector also has a need for knowledge, for example when it strives to optimise the timing of individual projects or recovery activities. Private companies and the public sector link civil engineering to the state and the development of the general economy. A multitude of variables is available for the economy. Economists do not comment specifically on the interplay between civil engineering and the economy, i.e. how well these indirect variables depict the overall field. The core purpose of this study was to identify the key variables from this commonly used mass of variables that would in reality predict the short-term development of civil engineering. In the first phase, we studied whether key variables could be identified for the entire field of civil engineering. As this line of study proved unfruitful, in the second phase we divided civil engineering into three client types: local government, central government and the private sector. Going down to the level of market segments proved fruitful, but not to a sufficient degree. The third phase comprised dividing the demand in the business sector into, for example, global and typical domestic manufacturing demand. The research problem is approached within a contextual framework. The interaction is studied in the time dimension, both within the business and at the level of the operating environment. The validity of the variables is studied using statistical methods. The most detailed level of the study focuses on one country where sufficiently long-term time series are available.
Modulation of a trapezoidal signal: improving signal quality and reducing costs in power inverters

Power inverters applied in industries have seen a growth in modulation techniques over recent years. The aim of modulation techniques is to improve the quality of the inverter output signal and to reduce inverter losses. To improve an output signal, the amplitude of the fundamental frequency should be increased and the harmonics should be reduced. If a modulation technique can achieve these two objectives, a much smaller output filter is required to reduce hardware cost and filter losses. In this study, a technique is proposed where the obtained modulated signal can be directly used without the need of filtering. The resulting frequency profile fulfils the EN50160 standard, which sets the limits for harmonic components to ensure the quality in public low-voltage and medium-voltage power supplies. In addition, the proposed scheme requires a low computational algorithm allowing the use of low-cost microprocessors or Digital Signal Processor (DSPs). The proposed algorithm is based on a simple vector seed, making it possible to obtain all the patterns of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM).
Machine learning prediction of calorific value of coal based on the hybrid analysis

ABSTRACT As one of the most important indicators of coal, calorific value (CV) not only determines the value of coal product, but also has a significant impact on the further processing and utilization of coal. Traditional methods of obtaining prediction data suffer from a range of problems such as too many input variables, low prediction accuracy of a single analysis method and lack of sensitivity analysis of input variables. In this paper, a novel hybrid analysis was presented to predict the CV of coal. Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) was used to remove correlations between variables in order to provide a suitable combination of input variables for ML models. The results showed that based on the optimal combination of input variables (ash, Fe, Mg and Na), RF model provided a better regression, better fit and better robustness on the testing set than the other three models when the performance indicators and the number of input variables were considered. In addition, sensitivity analyses of input variables showed the relative importance of individual variables and the way in which each variable affects the output variables. The present work provided novel insights and ideas for understanding the prediction of the CV of coal.
Perceptions of mobile network operators regarding the cost drivers of the South African mobile phone industry

Purpose: This study seeks to understand the perceptions of mobile network operators (MNOs) regarding the cost drivers of the South African mobile phone industry from a supply chain (SC) perspective. It also seeks to explore the possible cost interrelationships in the South African mobile phone SC. Research design and methodology: A qualitative case study, involving six willing managers of MNOs, and by using semi-structured interviews, observation and documents, was conducted. Findings: This study suggests that network infrastructure and network maintenance, handsets, logistics, technology, marketing and sales, training and consulting are the cost drivers in the South African mobile phone SC. These cost drivers are interrelated; and they influence one another in the mobile phone SC. Implications: The findings of this study should assist MNOs in their monitoring of cost drivers and in the identification of cost reduction opportunities, in order to remain effective and efficient in the industry. This study’s findings should help regulating authorities (such as the Department of Communications and the Independent Communication Authority of South Africa [ICASA]) to gain insights into the cost drivers of the South African mobile phone industry from the perspective of a network operator, and thus to develop appropriate mobile phone policies.
Seismic Assessment of a 15-Story Building Damaged in the Chile Earthquake of February 27 th 2010

SUMMARY This paper considers the seismic assessment of a 15-storey RC structural wall building, Alto Rio, located in the city of Concepcion that collapsed in the M8.8 Chile earthquake of Feb 27 th 2010. Different methods of assessment, based on FEMA356, are applied to examine if the observed damage could have been anticipated. Results show that FEMA356 assessment methods would have identified that the building was likely to be damaged in a major earthquake. Severe irregularities and discontinuity of walls at the base of the structure, in general, and lack of ductile detailing in walls and coupling beams are identified as the likely reasons for the damage. In addition to this assessment, the design procedures that are expected to have been used for the original design of the building are reviewed. The results showed that in applying the code design procedure, wall axial tensile forces were probably underestimated and improved capacity design procedures should be implemented.
Debt-free intelligence: Ecological information in minds and machines

Cognitive scientists and neuroscientists typically understand the brain as a complex information-processing system. A limitation of this information-processing metaphor is that it requires that the brain has access to a finite set of possible informational messages—a neural code—and it is unclear how this can be accounted for without appealing to a priori knowledge. For this reason, Dennett once argued that the information-processing metaphor requires cognitive neuroscience to take out a non-repayable loan of intelligence. However, recent advances in machine learning have resulted in the development of a family of algorithms, including the class of algorithms known as autoencoders, that seem capable of evading the problem of non-repayable loans of intelligence. We evaluate whether autoencoders are indeed resilient against the loans of intelligence problem. We agree that they can be so characterized. We argue, however, that autoencoders can more usefully be understood not in terms of Shannon information but instead as a proof of concept of how neural networks can attune to ecological or Gibsonian information. We thus propose that autoencoders belong to a class of algorithms for modeling the brain that have recently been dubbed direct fit algorithms.
Micro-Opto-Mechanical Pressure Sensor (MOMPS) in Sin Integrated Photonics Platform

This paper presents a Micro-Opto-Mechanical Pressure Sensor (MOMPS) manufactured in a SiN integrated photonic platform in the near-IR (NIR). It is implemented with a single wavelength Mach Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) system that relies on a single readout detector that could be integrated on CMOS. We report a measured accuracy of 9 Pa at a 1.2 Hz sampling rate for a device with a range of 4kPa and 0.7mm membrane diameter, which is comparable to available piezo and capacitive pressure sensors. This performance, which to our knowledge is the first reported measured accuracy for MZI MOMPS, demonstrates the potential of MOMPS which can be further unlocked with planned improvements and optimization of design. In this work we detail the working of the MZI MOMPS, and describe the measurement techniques and results.
Engaging in cognitively stimulating activities and change in cognitive function: a cross-country analysis using SHARE

We examine the relationship between different types of cognitively stimulating activities (CSAs) and cognitive function in a sample of community-dwelling Europeans aged 50 and older. The data were drawn from the fourth, fifth and sixth waves of the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The cognitive activities analysed were: educational and training courses; reading books, newspapers and magazines; word or number games (such as crossword puzzles or Sudoku); and playing chess or cards. The cognitive function outcomes under investigation were memory and verbal fluency. Our longitudinal analysis of changes in cognitive abilities show that CSAs can constitute a potential source for the delay or reduction of cognitive decline, even after a short period only 4 years - of engagement in such activities and regardless of one’s age. Acknowledgements: We are grateful to Dick Wiggins, Paola Zaninotto and John Jerrim for helpful comments on earlier versions of this paper. We thank the SHARE project (www.share-project.org) for providing access to the data.
Efficacy of Drug-Eluting Bead Transarterial Chemoembolization in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis

We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) in the treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastasis. A total of 120 patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis were divided into the TACE group (receiving TACE treatment, n = 60) and the DEB-TACE group (receiving DEB-TACE treatment, n = 60). At 1 month after treatment, the objective response rate (ORR) in the TACE group and DEB-TACE group were 65.0% (39/60) and 78.3% (47/60), respectively, and the disease control rate (DCR) was 78.3% (47/60) and 85.0% (51/60), respectively. Three months later, the ORRs in TACE and DEB-TACE groups were 63.3% (38/60) and 75.0% (45/60), and the DCRs were 76.7% (46/60) and 81.7% (49/60). We showed that the 1-year overall survival (OS) in TACE and DEB-TACE groups were 100% (60/60) and 88.3% (53/60), respectively, and the 2-year OS were 78.3% (47/60) and 61.7% (37/60). Further analysis indicated that the OS in the DEB-TACE group was significantly longer than that in the TACE group (P = 0.045). DEB-TACE is effective, safe, and feasible in the treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastasis, which can effectively improve the survival of patients.
Preface to Special Issue on Commonsense Reasoning

A few years after the 1956 Dartmouth Summer Workshop (McCarthy et al., 1955; Moore, 2006), which first established artificial intelligence as a field of research, John McCarthy (1959) discussed the importance of explicitly representing and reasoning with commonsense knowledge to the enterprise of creating artificially intelligent robots and agents. McCarthy proposed that commonsense knowledge was best represented using formal logic, which he viewed as a uniquely powerful lingua franca that could be used to express and reason with virtually any sort of information that humans might reason with when problem solving. a stance he further developed and propounded in (McCarthy, 1963; McCarthy and Hayes, 1969). This approach, the ​formalist ​or ​logic-based ​ approach to commonsense reasoning, was practiced by an increasing set of adherents over the next several decades (Lenat et al., 1986; Davis, 1990), and continues to be represented by the Commonsense Symposium Series, first held in 1991 (Lifschitz et al., 1991) and held biennially, for the most part, after that.
Caffeine Monkey: Automated Collection, Detection and Analysis of Malicious JavaScript

In recent years, the web browser has likely become the single most ubiquitous computing application. Web browsers can be found everywhere, from being embedded in video game consoles and handheld devices to being installed on large servers supporting the enterprise. As with any widely deployed type of software, web browsers have become an increasingly popular target for attack. This trend will only continue. Today’s browsers represent a complex application stack foisted atop the Operating System’s (OS) stack. Putting aside the complexity of achieving robust, crossbrowser compatibility, web developers are essentially coding to the browser’s stack, with the goal of portability across both browsers and OS platforms. The growth in popularity of “Web 2.0” sites that leverage the most advanced capabilities of the browser stack has contributed to blurring the distinction between data and executable code. This is especially apparent when considering support for dynamically interpreted scripting, in particular JavaScript. Due to the nature of dynamic script interpretation in the browser, it is difficult for many widely adopted security technologies to mitigate the client-side browser attack vector.
Cognitive Radio Networks-Spectrum Sensing

-Cognitive radio plays an important role in wireless communication. The spectrum has become a limited resource by ever increasing demand for wireless communications. For developing of new applications and services the existing spectrum allocation system creating a major problem. Cognitive radios are better solution to the problem of over-crowed and inefficient licensed spectrum. The sensing spectrum is the major key role in cognitive radio to find the free spectrum and favorable circumstances to use the unused frequency bands without causing intervention to the existing primary users(PUs).
Tax Judgment Analysis and Prediction using NLP and BiLSTM

Research and importance of legal services applied with AI so that it can be easily understood and predictable in difficult legal fields is increasing. In this study, based on the decision of the Tax Tribunal in the field of tax law, a model was built through self-learning through information collection and data processing, and the prediction results were answered to the user's query and the accuracy was verified. The proposed model collects information on tax decisions and extracts useful data through web crawling, and generates word vectors by applying Word2Vec's Fast Text algorithm to the optimized output through NLP. 11,103 cases of information were collected and classified from 2017 to 2019, and verified with 70% accuracy. It can be useful in various legal systems and prior research to be more efficient application.