IWSNs with On-Sensor Data Processing for Energy Efficient Machine Fault Diagnosis

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Machine fault diagnosis systems need to collect and transmit dynamic signals, like vibration and current, at high-speed. However, industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs) and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) are generally based on low-speed wireless protocols, such as ZigBee and IEEE802.15. 4. Large amounts of transmission data will </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;" lang="EN-US">increase the energy consumption and </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">shorten the lifetime of energy-constrained IWSN node</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;" lang="EN-US">s as well</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">. </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">To address th</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;" lang="EN-US">e</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">s</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;" lang="EN-US">e</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"> tension</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;" lang="EN-US">s</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"> when implementing machine fault diagnosis applications in </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;" lang="EN-US">IWSNs</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">, this paper proposes a</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;" lang="EN-US">n</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;" lang="EN-US">energy efficient </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">IWSN with on-sensor data processing. On-sensor wavelet transforms using four popular mother wavelets are explored for fault feature extraction, while an on-sensor support vector machine classifier is investigated for fault diagnosis. The effectiveness of the presented approach is evaluated by a set of experiments using motor bearing vibration data. The experimental results show that compared with raw data transmission, the proposed on-sensor fault diagnosis method can reduce the payload transmission data by 99.95%, and reduce the node energy consumption by about 10%, while the fault diagnosis accuracy of the proposed approach reaches 98%. </span>