Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modification of Electrode Interface with Fullerene-Based Self-Assembled Monolayer for High-Performance Organic Optoelectronic Devices

Efficient charge transfer between organic semiconductors and electrode materials at electrode interfaces is essential for achieving high-performance organic optoelectronic devices. For efficient charge injection and extraction at the electrode interface, an interlayer is usually introduced between the organic active layer and electrode. Here, a simple and effective approach for further improving charge transfer at the organic active layer–interlayer interface was presented. Treatment of the zinc oxide (ZnO) interlayer, a commonly used n-type interlayer, with a fullerene-based self-assembled monolayer (SAM) effectively improved electron transfer at the organic–ZnO interface, without affecting the morphology and crystalline structure of the organic active layer on the cathode interlayer. Furthermore, this treatment reduced charge recombination in the device, attributed to the improved charge extraction and reduction of undesirable ZnO-donor polymer contacts. The photocurrent density and power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells employing the fullerene-SAM-treated interlayer were ~10% higher than those of the device employing the nontreated interlayer. This improvement arises from the enhanced electron extraction and reduced charge recombination.
STELLAR POPULATIONS AND EVOLUTION OF EARLY-TYPE CLUSTER GALAXIES: CONSTRAINTS FROM OPTICAL IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPY OF z = 0.5−0.9 GALAXY CLUSTERS

We present an analysis of stellar populations and evolutionary history of galaxies in three similarly rich galaxy clusters MS0451.6−0305 (z = 0.54), RXJ0152.7−1357 (z = 0.83), and RXJ1226.9+3332 (z = 0.89). Our analysis is based on high signal-to-noise ground-based optical spectroscopy and Hubble Space Telescope imaging for a total of 17–34 members in each cluster. Using the dynamical masses together with the effective radii and the velocity dispersions, we find no indication of evolution of sizes or velocity dispersions with redshift at a given galaxy mass. We establish the Fundamental Plane (FP) and scaling relations between absorption line indices and velocity dispersions. We confirm that the FP is steeper at z ≈ 0.86 compared to the low-redshift FP, indicating that under the assumption of passive evolution the formation redshift, zform, depends on the galaxy velocity dispersion (or alternatively mass). At a velocity dispersion of σ = 125 km s−1 (Mass = 1010.55 M☉) we find zform = 1.24 ± 0.05, while at σ = 225 km s−1 (Mass = 1011.36 M☉) the formation redshift is zform = 1.95+0.3−0.2, for a Salpeter initial mass function. The three clusters follow similar scaling relations between absorption line indices and velocity dispersions as those found for low-redshift galaxies. The zero point offsets for the Balmer lines depend on cluster redshifts. However, the offsets indicate a slower evolution, and therefore higher formation redshift, than the zero point differences found from the FP, if interpreting the data using a passive evolution model. Specifically, the strength of the higher order Balmer lines Hδ and Hγ implies zform > 2.8. The scaling relations for the metal indices in general show small and in some cases insignificant zero point offsets, favoring high formation redshifts for a passive evolution model. Based on the absorption line indices and recent stellar population models from Thomas et al., we find that MS0451.6−0305 has a mean metallicity [M/H] approximately 0.2 dex below that of the other clusters and our low-redshift sample. We confirm our previous result that RXJ0152.7−1357 has a mean abundance ratio [α/Fe] approximately 0.3 dex higher than that of the other clusters. The differences in [M/H] and [α/Fe] between the high-redshift clusters and the low-redshift sample are inconsistent with a passive evolution scenario for early-type cluster galaxies over the redshift interval studied. Low-level star formation may be able to bring the metallicity of MS0451.6−0305 in agreement with the low-redshift sample, while we speculate whether galaxy mergers can lead to sufficiently large changes in the abundance ratios for the RXJ0152.7−1357 galaxies to allow them to reach the low-redshift sample values in the time available.
Design of Low-RCS Broadband High-Gain Antennas Based on Transmission Array Metasurface

In this paper, a low-RCS broadband high-gain antenna based on metasurface transmission array is proposed, consisting of two parts: a metasurface transmission array and a feed antenna. When designing the metasurface transmission array, the phase compensation method is used to achieve the beam convergence effect of metasurface in the broadband. By designing the elements and using the checkerboard arrangement, the RCS of the incident wave with fixed polarization can be reduced more than 10 dB at X band or Ku band. The feed antenna is designed as a microstrip magnetic and electric dipole antenna, which has the characteristics of small structure and wide impedance bandwidth. An antenna that can reduce RCS by more than 10 dB in Ku band is simulated and measured. The measurement and simulation results show that the −10 dB operating bandwidth of the high-gain antenna designed in this paper is 6.7~13.5 GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 67%. The designed metasurface can effectively improve the gain of the antenna in the operating frequency band. In this way, the design of high-gain antenna is realized, and the antenna has an obvious RCS reduction effect on the vertically incident y-polarized wave in the whole Ku band. The method to design an antenna in this paper realizes the regulation of radiation and scattering at the same time, which has important reference significance for expanding the function of transmission array antennae and has great application value.
Three new fold-winged crane flies of the genus Ptychoptera Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Ptychopteridae) from southern China

﻿Abstract Three new Ptychoptera Meigen, 1803 species from southern China, P.hekouensissp. nov., P.longasp. nov., and P.xiaohuangshanasp. nov., are described and illustrated. These new species are mainly distinguished from congeners by their body colors and male genitalia. The genus Ptychoptera is recorded from Guangdong, China for the first time. An updated key to all Chinese Ptychoptera species is provided.
New instability in relativistic cylindrically symmetric system

We investigate an infinitesimally thin cylindrical shell composed of counter-rotating dust particles. This system was studied by Apostolatos and Thorne in terms of the C-energy for a bounded domain. In this paper, we reanalyze this system by evaluating the C-energy on the future null infinity. We find that some class of momentarily static and radiation-free initial data does not settle down into static equilibrium configurations, and an otherwise infinite amount of the gravitational radiation is emitted to the future null infinity. Our result implies the existence of an instability in this system. In the framework of the Newtonian gravity, a cylindrical shell composed of counter-rotating dust particles can be in a steady state with oscillation by the gravitational attraction and centrifugal repulsion, and hence a static state is not necessarily realized as a final state. By contrast, in the framework of general relativity, the steady oscillating state will be impossible since the gravitational radiation will carry the energy of the oscillation to infinity. Thus, this instability has no counterpart in the Newtonian gravity.
Estonian Elderly Speech Corpus - Design, Collection and Preliminary Acoustic Analysis

Elderly speech has been found challenging for automatic speech recognition systems due to the lack of suitable training data and due to age-related physiological changes affecting the acoustic characteristics of voice. The paper introduces the collection of the speech corpus of Estonian elderly speakers aged over 60 years and reports preliminary results of acoustic analysis of some prosodic characteristics. The corpus contains the recordings of spontaneous speech by 100 men and 100 women, on average 29 minutes of speech from each speaker with transcriptions. Acoustic analysis of elderly speech revealed that with age (1) F0 increases significantly in males and slightly decreases in females, (2) speech and articulation rates decrease in females, but not in males, (3) utterances are getting shorter, and (4) pauses are getting longer in females and shorter in males.
Reduction of thermal conductance by coherent phonon scattering in two-dimensional phononic crystals of different lattice types

The impact of lattice type, period, porosity, and thickness of two-dimensional silicon phononic crystals on the reduction of thermal conductance by coherent modification of phonon dispersion is investigated using the theory of elasticity and the finite element method. Increases in the period and porosity of the phononic crystal affect the group velocity and phonon density of states and, as a consequence, reduce the in-plane thermal conductance of the structure as compared to the unpatterned membrane. This reduction does not depend significantly on the lattice type and thickness of phononic crystals. Moreover, the reduction is strongly temperature dependent and strengthens as the temperature is increased.
Assessment of Sustainability in Livestock Systems in the Amazonian Piedmont, Colombia

Esta investigación tuvo por objetivo proponer una valoración de la sostenibilidad de los sistemas ganaderos del piedemonte amazónico colombiano. Para construir el indicador de sostenibilidad se usaron las variables razón beneficio costo (RBC) de los sistemas productivos y el carbono almacenado (CA) en la biomasa aérea (Ba) de árboles en pasturas. El porcentaje de suelo productivo de la finca y el número de cabezas de ganado se utilizaron como insumos. La muestra fue de 37 fincas. El indicador se obtuvo mediante el uso del método no paramétrico Análisis Envolvente de Datos. Los resultados mostraron que el 8 % de los sistemas productivos estaban en la frontera de la sostenibilidad y el 92 % restante tenían un potencial de mejora, específicamente en aumentos en la RBC, el uso eficiente del suelo productivo y el aumento en la capacidad de carga. Se concluyó que las fincas sostenibles tuvieron una RBC promedio de 2,3 y registraron un promedio de CA en Ba de 2,14 t·ha-1, empleando un 13,6 % de la extensión de la finca como suelo productivo.
Abnormal Plumage in Adult Common Terns Sterna hirundo during the Breeding Season

Some bird species change their plumage colour on a seasonal basis, mostly between cryptic non-breeding plumage and conspicuous breeding plumage. Adult Common Terns Sterna hirundo moult their body feathers twice each year, resulting in two types of plumages, those typical to breeding and non-breeding seasons, which exhibit minor differences in the colours of some feathers, as well as the bare parts. Here, we report evidence of an abnormal plumage in adult Common Terns (sometimes referred to as ‘portlandica’), with two individuals exhibiting non-breeding like plumage during the breeding season. These terns were documented in a breeding colony in Northern Israel. This report could lead to future research into the causes and consequences of plumage maturation avoidance in adult birds.
Segmentation of Tissues and Proliferating Cells in Light-Sheet Microscopy Images of Mouse Embryos Using Convolutional Neural Networks

A variety of genetic mutations affect cell proliferation during organism development, leading to structural birth defects. However, the mechanisms by which these alterations influence the development of the face remain unclear. Cell proliferation and its relation to shape variation can be studied using Light-Sheet Microscopy (LSM) imaging across a range of developmental time points using mouse models. The aim of this work was to develop and evaluate accurate automatic methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for: (i) tissue segmentation (neural ectoderm and mesenchyme), (ii) cell segmentation in nuclear-stained images, and (iii) segmentation of proliferating cells in phospho-Histone H3 (pHH3)-stained LSM images of mouse embryos. For training and evaluation of the CNN models, 155 to 176 slices from 10 mouse embryo LSM images with corresponding manual segmentations were available depending on the segmentation task. Three U-net CNN models were trained optimizing their loss functions, among other hyper-parameters, depending on the segmentation task. The tissue segmentation achieved a macro-average F-score of 0.84, whereas the inter-observer value was 0.89. The cell segmentation achieved a Dice score of 0.57 and 0.56 for nuclear-stained and pHH3-stained images, respectively, whereas the corresponding inter-observer Dice scores were 0.39 and 0.45, respectively. The proposed pipeline using the U-net CNN architecture can accelerate LSM image analysis and together with the annotated datasets can serve as a reference for comparison of more advanced LSM image segmentation methods in future.
The radio structure of 3C 316, a galaxy with double-peaked narrow optical emission lines

The galaxy 3C 316 is the brightest in the radio band among the optically selected candidates exhibiting double-peaked narrow optical emission lines. Observations with the Very Large Array, Multi-Element Remotely Linked Interferometer Network (e-MERLIN), and the European Very Long Baseline Interferometry Network (EVN) at 5 GHz have been used to study the radio structure of the source in order to determine the nature of the nuclear components and to determine the presence of radio cores. The e-MERLIN image of 3C 316 reveals a collimated coherent east-west emission structure with a total extent of about 3 kpc. The EVN image shows seven discrete compact knots on an S-shaped line. However, none of these knots could be unambiguously identified as an active galactic nucleus (AGN) core. The observations suggest that the majority of the radio structure belongs to a powerful radio AGN, whose physical size and radio spectrum classify it as a compact steep-spectrum source. Given the complex radio structure with radio blobs and knots, the possibility of a kpc-separation dual AGN cannot be excluded if the secondary is either a naked core or radio quiet.
The Effect of Germanium-Loaded Hydroxyapatite Biomaterials on Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Growth

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a hard mineral component of mineralized tissues, mainly composed of calcium and phosphate. Due to its bioavailability, HA is potentially used for the repair and regeneration of mineralized tissues. For this purpose, the properties of HA are significantly improved by adding natural and synthetic materials. In this sense, the germanium (Ge) mineral was loaded in HA biomaterial by cold isostatic pressure for the first time and characterization and biocompatibility using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) were investigated. The addition of Ge at 5% improved the solubility (3.32%), stiffness (18.34 MPa), water holding (31.27%) and biodegradation (21.87%) properties of HA, compared to control. Compared to all composite biomaterials, the drug-releasing behavior of HA-3% Ge was higher at pH 1 and 3 and the maximum drug release was obtained at pH 7 and 9 with HA-5% Ge biomaterials. Among the different mediums tested, the DMEM-medium showed a higher drug release rate, especially at 60 min. HA-Ge biomaterials showed better protein adhesion and apatite layer formation, which ultimately proves the compatibility in BM-MSCs culture. Except for higher concentrations of HA (5 and 10 mg/mL), the different concentrations of Ge and HA and wells coated with 1% of HA-1% Ge had higher BM-MSCs growth than control. All these findings concluded that the fabricated HA biomaterials loaded with Ge could be the potential biomaterial for culturing mammalian cells towards mineralized tissue repair and regeneration.
Can Customer Loyalty Mediate Customer Trust in Business Sustainability at Village Credit Institution?

The main point of this research was to examine and analyze the impact of customer trust on customer loyalty and business sustainability at the Village Credit Institution in Klungkung Regency. The determination of the VCI as the research sample was carried out by unproportionate random sampling. The research respondents were customers in each VCI who were taken by accident (which was met at the time of the research) with a total number of respondents as many as 170 customers. Analysis this research and hypothesis using the SmartPLS 3.3. 2 program with three level, the first is testing validity and reliability, the second is testing the accuracy of the research model, and the third is testing hypotheses. This results in this study indicate that customer trust has a positive relationship and significant impactt on customer loyalty and business sustainability. The customer loyalty has a significant positive effect relationship on business sustainability. Customer loyalty acts as a mediator of customer trust on the business sustainability of VCI in Klungkung Regency.
A MULTISTAGE APPROACH TO THE HOPFIELD MODEL FOR BI-LEVEL IMAGE RESTORATION

Bsrdie, Mona. MSEE Purdue University, May 1995. A Multistage Approach to the Hopfield Model for Bi-level Image Restoration. Miajor Professor: O.K. Ersoy It was shown in previous published work that the neural networks Hopfield model cam be an efficient tool in grey level image restoration by reganding the problem as a minimization of a two part cost measure, in which one component measures roughness, and the other measures distance from the original image. In this thesis, a multistage approach to the Hopfield network to restore bi-level images degraded by noise is considered where the problem of error minimization is addressed locally within each partition while the other partition is frozen. The natural choice for partitioning was into two stages, minimizing t.he odd data first followed by the even. A natural extension followed, which is splitting into four stages. Simulations were carried for different levels of noise, and different values of the regularization constant and the regularization matrices. The Multistage technique, in general, was proven successful in pushirig the error function to a deeper minima than the one reached by the classical single stage Hopfield model. CHAPTER
On non-relativistic $Q\bar Q$ potential via Wilson loop in Galilean space-time

We calculate the static Wilson loop from string/gauge correspondence to obtain the $Q\bar Q$ potential in non-relativistic quantum field theory, i.e. CFT with Galilean symmetry. We analyze the convexity conditions \cite{bachas} for $Q\bar Q$ potential in this theory, and obtain restrictions for the acceptable dynamical exponent $z$.
COMBINED EFFECTS OF BINARIES AND STELLAR ROTATION ON THE COLOR–MAGNITUDE DIAGRAMS OF INTERMEDIATE-AGE STAR CLUSTERS

About 70% of intermediate-age star clusters in the Large Magellanic Clouds have been confirmed to have broad main sequence, multiple or extended turnoffs, and dual red giant clumps. The observed result seems to be at odds with the classical idea that such clusters are simple stellar populations. Although many models have been used to explain the results via factors such as prolonged star formation history, metallicity spread, differential reddening, selection effect, observational uncertainty, stellar rotation, and binary interaction, the reason for the special color–magnitude diagrams is still uncertain. We revisit this question via the combination of stellar rotation and binary effects. As a result, it shows “golf club” color–magnitude diagrams with broad or multiple turnoffs, dual red clumps, blue stragglers, red stragglers, and extended main sequences. Because both binaries and massive rotators are common, our result suggests that most color–magnitude diagrams, including extended turnoff or multiple turnoffs, can be explained using simple stellar populations including both binary and stellar rotation effects, or composite populations with two components.
A small hemispherical helical antenna array for two‐dimensional GPS beam‐forming

A small hemispherical helical antenna array with multibeam output for GPS beam‐forming is designed and characterized. A Butler matrix beam‐forming network is designed to provide four spatial beams in a two‐dimensional directional space. The original design of the hemispherical helical antenna elements is modified in order to match it to the system impedance. Our study shows that even after an ∼30° scan from the normal direction, the maximum change in beam width is only 6°, the maximum change in axial ratio is 1.4 dB, and the maximum change in power gain is 1.1 dB. These characteristics indicate that the array can be potentially used for GPS beam‐forming.
An adaptive filtering algorithm using an orthogonal projection to an affine subspace and its properties

The LMS algorithm and learning identification, which presently are typical adaptive algorithms, have a problem in that the speed of convergence may decrease greatly depending on the property of the input signal. To avoid this problem, this paper presents a geometrical discussion as to the origin of that defect, and proposes a new adaptive algorithm based on the result of the investigation. Comparing the convergence speeds of the proposed algorithm and the learning identification by numerical experiment by computer, great improvement was verified. The algorithm is extended to a group of algorithms which includes the original algorithm and the learning identification, which are called APA (affine projection algorithm). It is shown that APA has some desirable properties, such as, the coefficient vector approaches the true value monotonically and the convergence speed is independent of the amplitude of the input signal. Clear conclusions are also obtained for the problem as to what noise is included in the output signal when an external disturbance is impressed or the degree of the adaptive filter is not sufficient.
Magnetars: super(ficially) hot and super(fluid) cool

We examine to what extent the inferred surface temperature of magnetars in quiescence can constrain the presence of a superfluid in the neutron star core and the role of magnetic field decay in the core. By performing detailed simulations of neutron star cooling, we show that extremely strong heating from field decay in the core cannot produce the high observed surface temperatures nor delay the onset of neutron superfluidity in the core. We verify the results of Kaminker et al., namely that the high magnetar surface temperatures require heating in the neutron star crust, and crust heating is decoupled from cooling/heating in the core. Therefore, because crust heating masks core heating, it is not possible to conclude that magnetar cores are in a non-superfluid state purely from high surface temperatures. From our interior temperature evolutions and after accounting for proton superconductivity in the core, we find that neutron superfluidity in the core occurs less than a few hundred years after neutron star formation. This onset time is unaffected by heating due to core field decay at fields < 10^16 G. Thus all known neutron stars, including magnetars, without a core containing exotic particles, should have a core of superfluid neutrons and superconducting protons.