Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New conditions for synthesis of (±)‐2‐monosubstituted and (±)‐2,2‐disubstituted 2,3‐dihydro‐4(1H)‐quinazolinones from 2‐nitro‐ and 2‐aminobenzamide

An efficient synthesis of (±)-2-monosubstituted and (±)-2,2-disubstituted 2,3-dihydro-4(1H)-quinazolinones has been developed using a dissolving metal reduction-condensative cyclization strategy. Treatment of 2-nitrobenzamide and an aldehyde or ketone with iron powder in refluxing acetic acid affords high yields of the title compounds. More complex ring systems are available by incorporating additional reactive functionality γ to the carbonyl of the aldehyde or ketone substrate. The scope and limitations of the process along with optimized procedural details are presented. The same target molecules are also accessible by reaction of 2-aminobenzamide with aldehydes and ketones in refluxing acetic acid. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Determination of the extracellular acidification of Escherichia coli K12 with a multi‐chamber‐based LAPS system

On‐line monitoring of the metabolic activity of microorganisms involved in intermediate stages of biogas production plays an important role to avoid undesirable “down times” during the biogas production. In order to control this process, an on‐chip differential measuring system based on the light‐addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) principle combined with a 3D‐printed multi‐chamber structure has been realized. As a test microorganism, Escherichia coli K12 (E. coli K12) were used for cell‐based measurements. Multi‐chamber structures were developed to determine the metabolic activity of E. coli K12 in suspension for a different number of cells, responding to the addition of a constant or variable amount of glucose concentrations, enabling differential and simultaneous measurements.
Visible light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production using Cu-doped SrTiO3

ABSTRACT A new Cu-doped SrTiO3 photocatalyst was synthesized and characterized for uses in the visible-light photocatalytic production of hydrogen from water. The photocatalytic activity was assessed based on the characterization of the photocatalysts (band gap energy, surface area, crystallinity, and morphology) and the effects of varying together the calcination temperature, the Cu:Sr mole ratio, and the photocatalyst loading amount. It was determined that the amount of hydrogen evolved was largely dictated by the amount of Cu dopant present in the photocatalysts. The created Box Behnken Design optimization scenarios suggested the conditions: 850°C, 0.01 Cu:Sr, 0.33 g loading as the optimal conditions for maximum hydrogen production holding all studied factors in range, and the conditions: 850°C, 0.01 Cu:Sr, 0.21 g loading as the optimal conditions for the maximum hydrogen production while minimizing Cu dopant and photocatalyst loading.
Cross-section measurements of the N14(α,p)O17 and N14(α,α)N14 reactions between 3.5 and 6 MeV

The cross-section of the N14(α,p0)O17 reaction at angles of 90°, 135°, and 165° was measured for incident energies between 3.5 and 6.0 MeV simultaneously with the cross-section of the N14(α,α)N14 reaction at 165°. Interference between these two reactions at the angle of 165° and around 3.9 MeV was taken into account. The technique used is very powerful, thanks to the Ta450 nm/C target being implanted with a high dose of nitrogen. The N14(α,p0)O17 reaction exhibits some resonances allowing traces of nitrogen to be quantified. This reaction also offers an alternative to the N14(d,α)C12 and N14(H3e,p)O16 nuclear reactions for profiling nitrogen in the first few microns below the surface. Moreover, by using α-particles, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy can be performed simultaneously with a good mass resolution to depth profile high Z elements in the sample. The sensitivity of these reactions (0.1%) has been tested by measuring the nitrogen traces in a titanium oxide film deposited on silicon. Depth pro.
Petro® concept: a tentative approach to biological phosphorus removal incorporating waste stabilisation ponds

Ponding which is usually considered a low tech process can be successfully integrated with downstream Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) facility. The PETRO system incorporating ponds and downstream trickling filter (TF) or activated sludge process (ASP) is a technology which offers simplicity of O and M combined with biological removal of P and N. It is feasible to produce in a primary facultative pond with a deep fermentation pit quantities of readily biodegradable substrates sufficient to meet the requirements of phosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) in a downstream BNR facility. Malodorous conditions are dealt with by high rate recirculation. This novel low tech approach is a step towards a more straightforward BNR process. PETRO concept features phenomenon of algae-assisted chemical P-removal in activated sludge reactor. The process results in precipitation of inorganic phosphates apparently in a form of calcium/magnesium salts. Possible mechanism of this additional process which removes up to several milligrams per litre of inorganic P is discussed.
Toxicidade genética do ditelureto de difenila : um estudo empregando modelos biológicos procariotos e eucariotos

6 Introducao 8 1. Telurio 8 2. Farmacologia dos compostos orgânicos contendo telurio 11 3. Toxicologia dos compostos orgânicos contendo telurio 16 4. Toxicidade genetica dos compostos orgânicos contendo telurio 17 5. O ditelureto de difenila, objeto desse estudo 19 6. Estrategias para estudo dos compostos organotelurados empregadas nesse estudo . 22 6.1. Teste Salmonella/microssoma 22 6.2. A levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae como modelo de estudo 25 6.3. Ensaio com celulas de mamiferos 28 6.3. 1. Celulas V79 28 6.3. 2. Teste de micronucleos 30 7.1. 3. Ensaio cometa 32 Objetivos 37 Objetivo geral 37 Objetivos especificos 37 Capitulo I Evaluation of the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity of diphenyl ditelluride in several biological models 39 Discussao 84
Investigation of Different Extraction Technology for Addition and Subtraction Prescription of Huoluo Xiaoling Dan by Fingerprint

Objective:To study influence of different extraction technology on chemical compositions changes from addition and subtraction prescription of Huoluo Xiaoling Dan(HLXL)by HPLC fingerprint.Method:With swertiamarin,paeoniflorin,cryptotanshinone,isoimperatorin and other seven characteristic fingerprint peaks as index,which were determined by HPLC,with YMC-Pack ODS-A column,methonal-water(gradient elution)as mobile phase,detection wavelength 210 nm,flow rate 0.8 mL·min-1,column temperature 30 ℃. Effects of different solvents(water,ethanol,acetone),extract models(ultrasound,refluxing,macerating)and mixed-extract and separated-extract on relative content of each characteristic peaks were systematically investigated.Result:Different technology extracts had significant difference on relative peak area of eleven evaluating indexes.Kinds of solvent and extraction types and order of mixing had a great influence upon extraction efficiency of chemical compositions from HLXL.Conclusion:This method was reproducible,precise,stable and could be applied to study on fingerprint of HLXL with different extraction technology.
Experimental Study of EHD Conduction Pumping at the Micro-scale

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) conduction pumping is now a well-researched phenomenon that can generate fluid flow in dielectric liquids. It offers many advantages over other EHD pumping methods, such as no degradation of the working fluid and no need for a temperature gradient. Studies to-date have focused on macro-scale devices with applied voltages on the order of 10 kV. However, like many other EHD concepts, conduction pumping generation depends primarily on the intensity of the imposed electric field. Therefore, at the microscale the reduced physical scale can be accompanied by a reduction in the magnitude of the applied voltage. The simplicity of EHD conduction pumps, such as the lack of moving parts, make it an attractive method for pressure generation in microscale fluid and heat transfer devices. This experimental study considers an EHD micro-pump formed by a rectangular minichannel, 1 mm in height. Ten electrode pairs are arranged along the channel, flushed with the wall. The gap between the two electrodes of a pair is 250 microns, which is an order of magnitude less than previous studies. Static pressure head generation is measured along with power consumption. Pressure generation is achieved with considerably reduced applied voltage, and the ability of the pump to operate continuously over an extended period is also demonstrated.
LC-MS Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Carbonyl Compounds as 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazones Using Negative Ion Mode Electronspray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Organic compounds in the environment, such as pesticides, degrade into inorganics via transformation into carbonyl compounds, such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone. 2, 4-Dinitrophenylhydrazones of 37 carbonyl compounds were prepared with 2, 4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (DNPH). Their ESI negative spectra and EI positive spectra were obtained using an HPLC-mass spectrograph. EI positive spectra showed more ions than ESI negative spectra except in the case of two hydrazones. Molecular ions (M+) of carbonyl-DNPHs appeared as a base peak in the EI positive spectra in the case of all but 8 hydrazones. Many significant ions for the identification of a specific carbonyl compound are obtained by ESI negative spectra. Analysis of acetone in various waste waters was successfully conducted using a newly developed ESI negative spectroscopy method-levels found in the samples ranged from 2.1 mg/L to135.0 mg/L. Results of similar tests of the rate of acetone degradation in various water samples showed that acetone in moat water degraded completely after 18 days, whereas 70% of the acetone remained in pure water after 65 days, suggesting that microorganisms may play an important role in the degradation of carbonyl compounds in the environment.
Reading spaced and unspaced Korean text: Evidence from eye-tracking during reading

In written Korean, spaces appear between phrasal units (“eojeols”). In Experiment 1, participants read sentences in which space information had been manipulated. Results indicated that removing spaces or replacing them with a symbol hindered reading, but this effect was not as disruptive as previously found in English. Experiment 2 presented sentences varying in the proportion of eojeols that ended with postpositional particles as well as the presence/absence of spaces. Results showed that space removal interfered with reading, but its effects were weaker when the sentence contained more postpositional particles. This suggests that postpositional particles provide an extra cue to word segmentation in Korean texts. These findings are discussed in relation to the unique characteristics of the Korean writing system and to the models of eye-movement control during reading in different languages.
Correction interactive de transcriptions de parole par fusion de phrases

Interactive correction of speech transcripts Clarification dialogs can help address ASR errors in speech-to-speech translation systems and other interactive applications. We propose to use variants of Levenshtein alignment for merging an errorful utterance with a targeted rephrase of an error segment. ASR errors that might harm the alignment are addressed through phonetic matching, and a word embedding distance is used to account for the use of synonyms outside targeted segments. These features lead to a relative improvement of 30 % of word error rate on ASR output compared to not performing the clarification. Twice as many utterance are completely corrected compared to using basic word alignment. Furthermore, we generate a set of potential merges and train a neural network on crowd-sourced rephrases in order to select the best merger, leading to 24 % more instances completely corrected. The system is deployed in the framework of the BOLT project. MOTS-CLÉS : Correction d’erreur, Systèmes de dialogue, Détection d’erreurs, Transcription de la parole, Reranking, Fusion de phrases.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SUITABLE ECOLOGICAL WATER LEVELS IN DONGTING LAKE, CHINA

Dongting Lake, the second largest freshwater lake in China, has recently attracted increasing global attention for its water level alterations and subsequent ecological issues. Suitable ecological water level (SEWL) in Dongting Lake is thus of primary concern for ecological conservation and management. Based on field data collected over 50 years, moving T-test, Mann-Kendall test, moving F-test and Ratio Flow Deviation methods were applied to detect abrupt changes of water levels at six stations in Dongting Lake. The lognormal distribution, generalized extreme value distribution were employed for curve fitting of the water level sequence before variation and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic were employed to test the goodness of fit. The water level at the highest probability density of the best distribution function is selected as the SEWL. Results indicated that the distribution of SEWL in Dongting Lake varies temporally and spatially due to complex climate change and anthropogenic activities. For the whole Dongting Lake, the spatial average of monthly SEWLs for the six stations increases to the maximum (31.13 m) in July, and decreases to the minimum (24.38 m) in January. The difference of SEWL between three lake regions generally reaches the maximum in dry season while reduces to the minimum in wet season. The spatial distribution of SEWL shows a gradual increasing trend from East Dongting to West Dongting, ranging from 24.67 m to 30.30 m. In contrast, the intra-annual fluctuations of SEWL is 10.21 m in the eastern region but 3.88 m in the western region. The spatio-temporal characteristics of SEWL in Dongting Lake demonstrated in this study provides a useful reference for ecological lake level management in this region. understanding of the characteristic of SEWL in Dongting Lake is vital important to maintain its healthy river ecosystem. The main objective of this study is to detect the recent abrupt change of water level in Dongting Lake during the past 50 years. Also the spatio-temporal characteristics of SEWL prior to hydrological alterations are explored and discussed.
Penetration of flavor droplet in thin sheet material.

たばこの加香操作における添加香料滴の挙動を明らかにするため, 香料の大部分を占めるエタノールの浸透速度およびその測定方法について検討を行った. 運動量収支から浸透に関する基礎式を導き, 実測した浸透速度を良く表すことができた. この基礎式をもとに簡単な浸透速度測定法を提案した. また, この測定法による実験結果から香料液滴の浸透時間を推算した. その結果, 噴霧と混合のみによっては香料の均一化は達成できないことが明らかになった.
Troubles de la voix chez les enseignants

Support acoustique de l’émission sonore parlée ou chantée, la voix est un moyen privilégié de communication. Pour Abitbol, « si l’empreinte digitale révèle le coupable, l’empreinte vocale révèle la personnalité ». La voix comporte essentiellement du son (phénomène périodique) et du bruit (phénomène apériodique). D’un point de vue physique, c’est une onde transmise dont l’origine est la variation de pression d’air par l’ouverture et la fermeture des cordes vocales. Elle peut être recueillie par un tracé (phonogramme) et décrire une courbe sinusoïdale périodique complexe telle que celle présentée dans la figure 1. On détermine pour cette onde une périodicité, ou nombre de périodes par seconde, qui représente la fréquence du son, la grandeur des pics, ou amplitude vibratoire, qui indique l’intensité de la voix mesurée en décibels, la forme de la période avec ses accidents caractéristiques qui correspond au timbre. L’intensité de la voix varie de 30 à 120 décibels. 40 à 50 dB pour une voix basse ; 55 à 65 dB pour une voix conversationnelle ; 65 à 80 dB pour la voix projetée, 90 à 110 dB pour les cris ; jusqu’à 120 dB pour un chanteur d’opéra. Cet aspect physique correspond, en clinique, à l’analyse de la voix par ses 3 paramètres : la hauteur ou note, l’intensité ou volume, et le timbre de voix caractéristique d’un individu.
Regional Innovation Systems and the Role of State: Institutional Design and State Universities in Turkey

This paper investigates the role of state played in the regional innovation systems through state universities and legal and institutional set-up within Turkey. Initially, the paper will discuss the lack of regional perspective in policy-making that, until very recently, was predominant in Turkey. Secondly, the paper examines two salient laws that have ramifications for regional economics. The key elements in regional innovation systems can be split apart into two sections. On one side there are technology development regions/centres, and university–industry joint research centres. On the other side, taking into account the public research undertaken, there are the state universities, and the role that they play in the earlier mentioned centres/regions. The econometric analysis asserts that each of these elements has a positive and statistically significant effect on the patenting performance of regions.
LSM-tree based Database System Optimization using Application-Driven Flash Management

Modern data centers aim to take advantage of high parallelism in storage devices for I/O intensive applications such as storage servers, cache systems, and key-value stores. Key-value stores are the most typical applications that should provide a highly reliable service with high-performance. To increase the I/O performance of key-value stores, many data centers have actively adopted next-generation storage devices such as Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe) based Solid State Devices (SSDs). NVMe SSDs and its protocol are characterized to provide a high degree of parallelism. However, they may not guarantee predictable performance while providing high performance and parallelism. For example, heavily mixed read and write requests can result in performance degradation of throughput and response time due to the interference between the requests and internal operations (e.g., Garbage Collection (GC)). To minimize the interference and provide higher performance, this paper presents IsoKV, an isolation scheme for key-value stores by exploiting internal parallelism in SSDs. IsoKV manages the level of parallelism of SSD directly by running application-driven ﬂash management scheme. By storing data with different characteristics in each dedicated internal parallel units of SSD, IsoKV reduces interference between I/O requests. We implement IsoKV on RocksDB and evaluate it using Open-Channel SSD. Our extensive experiments have shown that IsoKV improves overall throughput and response time on average 1.20 × and 43% compared with the existing scheme, respectively.
Chitosan supported silver nanowires as a platform for direct electrochemistry and highly sensitive electrochemical glucose biosensing

The development of low-cost and sensitive glucose biosensors has been the focus of substantial research interest due to their diverse applications in medical diagnosis, healthcare, and environmental monitoring. Herein, we report the successful use of chitosan (CS) supported silver nanowires (AgNWs) based enzyme electrodes for highly sensitive electrochemical glucose biosensing. The glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme is electrically contacted using highly conductive AgNWs and thereby significant enhancement in the direct electron transfer (DET) between the redox enzymes and the electrode surface. In addition, the CS polymer matrix enables distinct self-assembly of GOx enzymes adjacent to the electrode surface, which further favours DET by increasing the charge transfer. Characterization by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were used to evidence the intermolecular interaction and self-assembly of the GOx on CS polymers. AFM results clearly revealed the self-assembly of the GOx on CS surfaces. The immobilized GOx exhibits a well-defined quasi-reversible redox peak with an electron rate constant (ks) of 6.52 s−1 compared to the bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The resultant biosensor demonstrates a high sensitivity of 16.72 μA mM−1 cm−2 with a wide linear range (1–15 mM), good selectivity and long-term stability for glucose detection. Our current approach represents a promising platform for the immobilization and electrical wiring of biomolecules with higher loading efficiency for designing low-cost, high sensitive enzymatic biosensors.
Elastic Moduli of Wadsleyite (-Mg2SiO4) to 7Gigapascals and 873Kelvin

Simultaneous sound velocity measurements and x-ray diffraction studies were made on wadsleyite (β-Mg2SiO4) to 7 gigapascals and 873 kelvin. The calculated adiabatic bulk ( K ) and shear ( G ) moduli yield K (at room conditions) = 172(2) gigapascals, dK / dP = 4.2(1), and dK / dT = −0.012(1) gigapascals per kelvin, and G (at room conditions) = 113(1) gigapascals, dG / dP = 1.5(1), and dG / dT = −0.017(1) gigapascals per kelvin, respectively. The data imply that the P and S wave velocity contrasts between olivine and wadsleyite require an olivine amount of 38 to 39 percent in the upper mantle to satisfy the observed 410-kilometer discontinuity, but 55 to 60 percent to account for the velocity increase through the transition zone.
Oxidation Kinetics and Products of Methyl Phenyl Sulfide,a Sulfur Mustard Simulant by Sodium Molybdate Catalyzed Hydrogen Peroxide Solution

The oxidation kinetics and products distribution of methyl phenyl sulfide( Ph SMe),a commonly used simulant of mustard gas( HD),in aqueous H2O2 solution catalyzed by sodium molybdate were investigated. Methyl phenyl sulfoxide( Ph S( O) Me) and methyl phenyl sulfone( Ph S( O)2Me) are two oxidation products of Ph SMe in the catalyzed H2O2 solution. The apparent rate constant of the primary oxidation( Ph SMe→Ph S( O) Me)( kap1)and secondary oxidation( Ph S( O) Me→Ph S( O)2Me)( kap 2) in Na2 Mo O4-H2O2 solution are two orders of magnitude larger than kap1 and kap2in alkali-modified H2O2 solution without any catalyst respectively.95 Mo NMR tests of the Na2 Mo O4-H2O2 solution indicate that Mo Ox( OO)( 4- x)2-would be formed in the solution and Mo( O2)42-seems to be the major reactive intermediate at the mole ratio of H2O2/ Mo O42-= 10 used in the kinetic test. The yield of Ph S( O)2Me on reaction time in H2O2 solution catalyzed by Na2 Mo O4is not significantly inhibited by free radical s cavengers and antioxidants,and a direct oxygen transfer from O-O in Mo( O2)42-to the S atom is supposed to be responsible for the primary and secondary oxidation of sulfides.
Investigation on the Use of Graphene Oxide as Novel Surfactant for Stabilizing Carbon Based Materials

The present work reported on the use of graphene oxide (GO) as effective dispersant to isolate different carbon allotropes. The nature of its chemical structure which consists of hydrophobic and hydrophilic components enables GO to behave as surfactant, paving routes for dissolution of graphitic materials and achieving surfactant free all-carbon solutions. Two additional carboneous materials under the family of fullerene (carbon nanofiber—CNF) and graphite (graphene nanoplatelets—GnP) were introduced within the present study to form a new GO based hybrid complexes on top of the commonly investigated carbon nanotube (CNT) based GO hybrid. Investigation on GO stability with respect to particle size and zeta potential measurements showed that the strength of its dispersibility was highly dependent on its morphological size and less affected by the pH. Rheological study revealed that GO shear–strain relationship is highly sensitive to the particle size. The GO viscosity experienced dramatic changes from Newtonian toward shear thinning behaviors as the particle size increases. Thermal conductivity measurement highlighted as high as 8% increase in magnitude with the addition of CNT, CNF, and GnP carbon constituents, indicating that the enhancement may be attributed to the much efficient thermal transport along the conducting path of pristine carbon allotropes. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT