Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
E‐shaped patch to reduction of higher mode H‐plane radiation and low cross‐polarization

In this study, a method is proposed to reduce the high cross‐polarization (XP) of the microstrip patch antenna by changing the current of the higher‐order resonant mode. The interference of the TM1/2,2 mode of the antenna to the TM3/2,0 mode is reduced by loading a pair of wide gaps and two short‐ended stubs. The lateral current that excites the nonradiation edge is effectively bent, which can reduce the XP while not damaging the main polarization radiation. The simulation and measurement results show that the cross‐polarization ratio of the antenna reaches 45.3 dB, and the suppression effect can be achieved over the entire range of the elevation angle. In addition, the proposed technology is simple, effective, and integrable.
Equilibrium and Stability of Elliptical Galaxies

Recent work on the equilibrium and stability of ellipsoidal stellar systems is reviewed. The absence of constant-density cores in early-type galaxies implies that chaos and high-order resonances are generic features of the motion in triaxial stellar systems. Bending instabilities are now well understood and may provide the answers to a number of long-standing riddles, including the absence of highly flattened elliptical galaxies and the formation of galactic bulges. Some preliminary results on instabilities in two-integral oblate models are presented.
Ranking Loss and Sequestering Learning for Reducing Image Search Bias in Histopathology

Recently, deep learning has started to play an essential role in healthcare applications, including image search in digital pathology. Despite the recent progress in computer vision, significant issues remain for image searching in histopathology archives. A well-known problem is AI bias and lack of generalization. A more particular shortcoming of deep models is the ignorance toward search functionality. The former affects every model, the latter only search and matching. Due to the lack of ranking-based learning, researchers must train models based on the classification error and then use the resultant embedding for image search purposes. Moreover, deep models appear to be prone to internal bias even if using a large image repository of various hospitals. This paper proposes two novel ideas to improve image search performance. First, we use a ranking loss function to guide feature extraction toward the matching-oriented nature of the search. By forcing the model to learn the ranking of matched outputs, the representation learning is customized toward image search instead of learning a class label. Second, we introduce the concept of sequestering learning to enhance the generalization of feature extraction. By excluding the images of the input hospital from the matched outputs, i.e., sequestering the input domain, the institutional bias is reduced. The proposed ideas are implemented and validated through the largest public dataset of whole slide images. The experiments demonstrate superior results compare to the-state-of-art.
Triplet markov fields with edge location for fast unsupervised multi-class segmentation of synthetic aperture radar images

Triplet Markov fields (TMF) model is suitable for dealing with multi-class segmentation of non-stationary synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. In this study, an algorithm using TMF with edge location for fast unsupervised multi-class segmentation of SAR images is proposed. The new segmentation algorithm can locate edge accurately with reasonable computational cost. First for the statistical characteristics of multiplicative speckle noise in SAR image, an edge strength based on the ratio of exponentially weighted averages operator is introduced into the Turbopixels algorithm to obtain a superpixel graph with accurate edge location in SAR images. To enhance the computational efficiency and suppress the speckle, the TMF model on pixel is generalised to that on the superpixel graph. Then, the new corresponding potential energy function and maximisation of posterior marginal segmentation formula are derived. The experimental results on synthetic and real SAR images show that the proposed algorithm can obtain accurate edge location in multi-class segmentation of SAR images, as well as enhance the computational efficiency. Especially when dealing with SAR images in large size, the proposed algorithm can give a robust and efficient result of segmentation.
Comparative Analysis of the Phenolic Profile of Lycium barbarum L. Fruits from Different Regions in China

Lycium barbarum L. (LB) fruits have high nutritive values and therapeutic effects. The aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the differences in phenolic composition of LB fruits from different geographical regions. Different methods of characterization and statistical analysis of data showed that different geographic sources of China could be significantly separated from each other. The highest total phenolic compound (TPC) content was observed in LB fruits from Ningxia (LBN), followed by those from Gansu (LBG) and Qinghai (LBQ). The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of LB fruits revealed that LBQ had a peak at 2972 cm−1 whereas there was no similar peak in LBG and LBQ. A new HPLC method was established for the simultaneous determination of 8 phenolic compounds by quantitative analysis of multiple components by a single marker (QAMS), including 4 phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, and ferulic acid), 1 coumarin (scopoletin), and 3 flavonoids (kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, rutin, and narcissoside). It was showed that rutin was the most dominant phenolic compound in LBQ, although the average content of 4 phenolic acids was also high in LBQ, and scopoletin was the richest in LBG. UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to qualitatively analyze the phenolics, which showed LBN was abundant in phenolic acids, LBQ was rich in flavonoids, and coumarins were the most plentiful in LBG. In conclusion, this study can provide references for the quality control and evaluation of phenolics in LB fruits and their by-products.
VERTICAL CONVECTION IN NEUTRINO-DOMINATED ACCRETION FLOWS

We present the effects of vertical convection on the structure and luminosity of the neutrino-dominated accretion flow (NDAF) around a stellar-mass black hole in spherical coordinates. We find that the convective energy transfer can suppress the radial advection in the NDAF and that the density, temperature, and opening angle are slightly changed. As a result, the neutrino and annihilation luminosities are increased, which allows the energy requirement of gamma-ray bursts to be achieved.
Energy Poverty and Personal Health in the EU

The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of energy poverty on health in the EU-27 countries for the period from 2003–2020 using Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag models and generalized ridge regressions. Arrears on utility bills exerts positive long-run effects on capacity to keep the home adequately warm, current health expenditures, and self-perceived health as bad or very bad, but a negative long-run influence on energy import dependency. In the long-term, the population being unable to keep their home adequately warm positively affects self-perceived health as bad and very bad and negatively influences number of cooling days. Current health expenditure has a long-run influence on self-perceived health as bad and very bad and the number of heating days. Positive short-run impacts were observed for energy import dependency, arrears on utility bills, and number of heating days on current health expenditure and the population unable to keep their home adequately warm. People at risk of poverty or social exclusion in different zones had a significant impact on energy poverty indicators. A separate analysis is made for those EU states with the highest energy import dependency and the implications of the results are discussed.
Brief Paper: Asynchronous networked control of linear systems via L 2 -gain-based transformations: analysis and synthesis

This study presents a method to analyse the stability of the feedback interconnection of a class of systems, when the signals associated with the feedback interconnection are sampled asynchronously. A transformation based on L2-gain is designed and introduced on both sides of the interconnection. This transformation enlarges the maximum sampling time such that the interconnection remains stable. The transformation is designed in such a way that both systems have finite L2-gain and verifies the small-gain theorem. This design method makes easier the migration of wired continuous-time control loops to unwired asynchronous ones by just adding this transformation to both sides of the interconnection. The analysis is performed by using the concept of maximum sampling time that preserves small gain (MASG), starting from the continuous-time definition of the property. Finally, a synthesis method is included to obtain the transformation, assuming that the minimum sampling time available in the communication channel is given as a constraint. The synthesis method follows an iterative procedure and solves a set of matrix inequalities. We report on real experiments applied to the remote control of the rotor speeds of a quadrotor.
Cosmic shear analysis in 50 uncorrelated VLT fields. Implications for $\Omega_0$, $\sigma_8$

We observed with the camera FORS1 on the VLT (UT1, ANTU) 50 randomly selected fields and analyzed the cosmic shear inside circular apertures with diameter ranging from 0.5 to 5.0 arc-minutes. The images were obtained in optimal conditions by using the Service Observing proposed by ESO on the VLT, which enabled us to get a well-defined and homogeneous set of data. The 50 fields cover a 0.65 square-degrees area spread over more than 1000 square-degrees which provides a sample ideal for minimizing the cosmic variance. Using the same techniques as in Van Waerbeke et al. 2000, we measured the cosmic shear signal and investigated the systematics of the VLT sample. We find a significant excess of correlations between galaxy ellipticities on those angular scales. The amplitude and the shape of the correlation as function of angular scale are remarkably similar to those reported so far. Using our combined VLT and CFHT data and adding the results published by other teams we put the first joint constraints on Omega_0 and sigma_8 using cosmic shear surveys. From a deduced average of the redshift of the sources the combined data are consistent with sigma_8\simeq (0.59 \pm 0.03) Omega_0^{-0.47} (for a CDM power spectrum and $\Gamma=0.21$), in excellent agreement with the cosmological constraints obtained from the local cluster abundance.
Evaluating Flexural Performance of Repaired Reinforced Concrete Beams under Static and Repeated Loading Using Non-Destructive Methods

Deterioration of concrete structures is one of the major issues faced by the construction industry. Repair and rehabilitation are necessary to extend the service life of such structures. This study aims to investigate the effect of repair material type, length of repaired region, and loading regime on the structural characteristics of the repaired reinforced concrete (RC) beams. To achieve this goal, a total of 30 repaired and non-repaired RC beams were prepared and tested under static and repeated loading conditions. Three types of sounding-based non-destructive test (NDT) methods are employed to determine the material deterioration and sub-surface delamination after repeated loading. Results showed that under static loading conditions, full-length repaired beams had better performance than 1/3-span repaired beams. Beams repaired with cementitious repair mortar containing modified binder and cementitious repair concrete in full length had a yield strength that was 14% and 9%, respectively, higher than that of beams repaired in 1/3 span. All RC beams with full-span repair outperformed the intact beams. After repeated loading, beams repaired with cementitious repair with modified binder over full length showed a 14% improvement in yield strength compared to control samples. It was found that repair materials that had a high compressive and flexural strength are beneficial. The resonant frequency drops correlate well with the yield strength results. The formulas proposed by Canadian Standards Association (CSA) 23.3 can effectively predict the moment resistance of both intact (control) and repaired RC beams. The ratio of experimental moment resistance values to its predictions ranges from 0.91 to 1.04.
Using Python Modules in Real-Time Plasma Systems for Fusion

One of the most important applications of sensors is feedback control, in which an algorithm is applied to data that are collected from sensors in order to drive system actuators and achieve the desired outputs of the target plant. One of the most challenging applications of this control is represented by magnetic confinement fusion, in which real-time systems are responsible for the confinement of plasma at a temperature of several million degrees within a toroidal container by means of strong electromagnetic fields. Due to the fast dynamics of the underlying physical phenomena, data that are collected from electromagnetic sensors must be processed in real time. In most applications, real-time systems are implemented in C++; however, Python applications are now becoming more and more widespread, which has raised potential interest in their applicability in real-time systems. In this study, a framework was set up to assess the applicability of Python in real-time systems. For this purpose, a reference operating system configuration was chosen, which was optimized for real time, together with a reference framework for real-time data management. Within this framework, the performance of modules that computed PID control and FFT transforms was compared for C++ and Python implementations, respectively. Despite the initial concerns about Python applicability in real-time systems, it was found that the worst-case execution time (WCET) could also be safely defined for modules that were implemented in Python, thereby confirming that they could be considered for real-time applications.
Quantum Behavior of Measurement Apparatus

We precise for the first time the quantum behavior of a measurement apparatus in the framework of the usual interpretation of quantum physics. We show how such a behavior can also be studied by the retrodiction of pre-measurement states corresponding to its responses. We translate in terms of these states some interesting properties of the behavior of an apparatus, such as the projectivity, the fidelity, the non-Gaussian character, or the non-classicality of measurements performed by this one. We also propose an experimental procedure allowing the tomography of these pre-measurement states for optical detectors. We illustrate the relevance of these new notions for measurements, by evaluating them for two detectors widely used in quantum optics: the avalanche photodiode and the homodyne detection.
Midlatitude jet position spread linked to atmospheric convective types

Midlatitude weather is largely governed by bands of strong westerly winds known as the midlatitude jets, but what controls the jet properties, particularly their latitudes, remains poorly understood. Climate models show a spread of about ten degrees in their simulated present-day latitude of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) jet, and a related spread in its predicted poleward shift under global warming. We find that models with more poleward jets simulate more low-level moisture, a warmer upper troposphere, and different precipitation patterns than those with equatorward jets, potentially implicating inter-model differences in moist convection and microphysics. Accordingly, a suite of atmospheric model runs is performed where the deep or shallow convective parametrizations are individually turned off either globally or in specific latitude bands. These experiments suggest that models that produce more shallow convection in the midlatitudes tend to position the jet relatively poleward in SH summer, whereas those which favor deep convection tend to position it equatorward. This accounts for a spread 60% as large as that of AMIP during the Austral summer. Our results suggest that, in the Boreal summer, similar biases appear in the northern hemisphere. The presence of shallow convection in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes reduces SH jet shift in a warmer climate in accordance to the correlation between jet positions and shift seen in this season. These results can help explain inter-model differences in the position and shift of the jet, and point to an unexpected role for atmospheric moist convection in the midlatitude circulation.
Comparative effect of a nutraceutical compound based on a flavonoid complex from bergamot on plasma lipids, glucose metabolism, and liver enzymes: a 3-arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial

Introduction Bergamot and opuntia (prickly pear cladodes) standardized extracts have been demonstrated to have positive metabolic effects in preclinical and clinical models. Material and methods The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic effect of a combined nutraceutical containing 150 mg of Opuntia ficus Indica extract, 400 mg of plant sterols, 12.5 mg of thiamine, and 200 mg of Brumex® a phytocomplex from bergamot fruit (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau, fructus) standardized 40% in total flavonoids and min 5% in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-flavanones. Thus, we carried out a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial on 75 hypercholesterolaemic subjects randomized to take the active compound (2 tablets per day), placebo (2 tablets per day), or both (1 per product per day). Results After 12 weeks of treatment with 1 tablet per day, we observed a significant reduction of a number of metabolic parameters: total cholesterol (TC) (–14.6%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (–19.9%), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDLC) (–22.1%), triglycerides (TG) (–13.1%), Apolipoprotein B (–16%) (all p < 0.05 both versus baseline and versus placebo), fasting plasma glucose (–5.1%), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (–7.8%), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (–7.3%), and γ-glutamyl transferase (–34.4%) (all p < 0.05 versus baseline). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was increased 6.9% by the use of 1 tablet per day (p < 0.05 versus baseline). All parameters were reduced to the same extent when taking the full dose (2 tablets), beyond TG. Conclusions the tested nutraceutical compound based on a flavonoid complex from bergamot and opuntia showed a short-term positive impact on plasma lipids, fasting plasma glucose, and liver enzyme in overall healthy subjects affected by hypercholesterolaemia with low cardiovascular risk.
Theory for Quantum Spin and Vortex Glasses

We develop a theory for the quantum vortex glass, with both the coupling strengths and the site energies disordered. This model is closely related to XY spin glasses and bosons in random media. For properly chosen distributions of the site disorder the phase diagram consists of a superfluid phase, and Weak and Strong Glass regions, dominated by long range and local fluctuations, respectively. The most direct experimental manifestation of the Strong Glass transition is the lack of divergence of the corresponding non-linear susceptibility.
Intensive Care Residents’ Views Regarding Ethical Issues and Practices

Background This study sought to understand the ethical issues encountered by medical residents during their residencies, evaluate the solutions proffered by them, and present their suggestions. Material/Methods A survey consisting of 32 questions, including demographic information, was developed and distributed to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) residents from December 2020 to January 2021. A total of 53 completed questionnaires were submitted to the researchers. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26.0. Results Of the participating residents who returned completed forms, 50.9% were male and 49.1% were female, with an overall mean age of 30.5±4.4 years. Most residents’ views on ethical issues concerned themselves, the clinic, and patients/patient relatives. Responses showed a number of commonalities with the views of ICU physicians in other countries. Suggestions for resolving ethical issues solutions included instruction in medical ethics for all staff, increasing and strengthening pathways of communication both inside and outside of the clinics, regular inventory of medical supplies and assessment of equipment to prevent a shortage of resources, and the establishment of a hospital ethics committee. Conclusions As numerous and varied ethical issues were encountered in the participating ICUs, we propose the following: preparation of an ICU-specific guide for resolving ethical problems, clarification of rules based on legal regulations, determining a hierarchy of responsibilities, and ethics courses for all ICU staff. In addition, hospital managers should support ICU services from both a legal and ethical standpoint.
Effective Optimization Based on Equilibrium Optimizer for Dynamic Cutting Force Coefficients of the End-Milling Process

This study aims to develop an accurate dynamic cutting force model in the milling process. In the proposed model, the estimated cutting force tackles the effect of the self-excited vibration that causes machining instability during the cutting process. In particular, the square root of the residual cutting force between the prediction and the actual cutting force is considered as an objective function for optimizing the cutting force coefficients using the equilibrium optimizer (EO) approach instead of the trial-and-error approach. The results confirm that the proposed model can provide higher prediction accuracy when the EO is applied. In addition, the proposed EO has a minimum integral square error (ISE) of around 1.12, while the genetic algorithm (GA) has an ISE of around 1.14 and the trial-and-error method has an ISE of around 2.4. Moreover, the proposed method can help to investigate the cutting stability and to suspend the chatter phenomenon by selecting an optimal set of cutting parameters.
Non‐parametric Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Cox Regression with Subject‐Specific Measurement Error

Abstract. Many epidemiological studies have been conducted to identify an association between nutrient consumption and chronic disease risk. To this problem, Cox regression with additive covariate measurement error has been well developed in the literature. However, researchers are concerned with the validity of the additive measurement error assumption for self‐report nutrient data. Recently, some study designs using more reliable biomarker data have been considered, in which the additive measurement error assumption is more likely to hold. Biomarker data are often available in a subcohort. Self‐report data often encounter with a variety of serious biases. Complications arise primarily because the magnitude of measurement errors is often associated with some characteristics of a study subject. A more general measurement error model has been developed for self‐report data. In this paper, a non‐parametric maximum likelihood (NPML) estimator using an EM algorithm is proposed to simultaneously adjust for the general measurement errors.
UVOT Measurements of Dust and Star Formation in the SMC and M33

When measuring star formation rates using ultraviolet light, correcting for dust extinction is a critical step. However, with the variety of dust extinction curves to choose from, the extinction correction is quite uncertain. Here, we use Swift/UVOT to measure the extinction curve for star-forming regions in the SMC and M33. We find that both the slope of the curve and the strength of the 2175 Angstrom bump vary across both galaxies. In addition, as part of our modeling, we derive a detailed recent star formation history for each galaxy.