Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparative study for magnetic levitation force in Type-II superconductors

Meissner Effect is, of course, an essential characteristic of a superconductor besides the zero resistivity since the discovery by Meissner and Ochsenfeld in 1933. They showed by experiment that the magnetic field inside a superconductor is always zero. This implies that we can think of a superconductor as being a perfectly diamagnetic material. It is highly attractive for the technological applications of the type-II (High temperature) superconductors as YBa2Cu3O7, Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 and HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8. One important property is the levitation force and its MagLev application. MagLev systems have become very important in the transportation and other applications. These applications are ranging from in an energy efficient prototype of a cryogen transfer line to in space energy storage systems. In this study, we compared that the effect of magnetic levitation force BSCCO and YBCO superconductors. The results were showed that the BSCCO superconductor’s family is very poor in case of the levitation force compared with the YBCO superconductors. It may be attributed that the YBCO family superconductors have the high critical current density which occurs in the case of the flux pinning and the high magnetization behavior.
EDGE DETECTION IN SPECKLED SAR IMAGES USING WAVELET DECOMPOSITION

In this paper we propose an integration of speckle reduction and edge detection in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images by using overcomplete wavelet decomposition. The input image is decomposed in multiple level without downsampling, as resolution needs to be preserved. For each subband, a threshold value is estimated according to the noise variance and used for soft-thresholding to reduce speckle. The points of sharp variation (edges) induce modulus maxima in highpass subbands, and the local maxima are detected to produce single-pixel edges. Depending on the requirement of details desired in the edges the level of decomposition can be selected. The method is successfully applied to JERS-1/SAR images, and some experiments are given.
Fog collection and its relationship with local meteorological variables in a semiarid zone in Chile

In semiarid and arid zones, fog is considered an important alternative water source. The Southeast Pacific anticyclone and the cold Humboldt Current that characterize the north of Chile promote the formation of stratocumulus along the coastline. The thermally induced winds move these clouds eastwards favoring the formation of fog in the high hills of the Coast Range. The goal of this work is to characterize the fog water collected by a standard fog collector and its relationship with local meteorological variables. We found that the collected water is seasonally dependent, larger in summer than in winter. The mean diurnal cycle in autumn, summer and winter presents two maxima, at the early morning and late afternoon, meanwhile in winter it presents smooth variations during the day. The wind regime was compatible with land-sea circulation. The monthly mean temperature reached the maximum value in March and the minimum value between July and September, whereas the mean monthly daily temperature amplitude was larger in winter than in summer. The minimum values of relative humidity were achieved in the winter months. The fog water collection varies from zero to a maximum value that increased with wind speed, and mainly occurred with SW and NE winds. The fog index (FI) was defined as the percentage of foggy-days per month for which the water collected is greater than one liter. We found that FI follows the same trend as the monthly collected water, and decreases with the mean monthly daily temperature amplitude.
WST 50.6-106 corr

Various sludge treatment processes produced supernatant with high ammonia concentration from 500 to 2,000 mgN/L and generally high phosphate concentration. Conversion of ammonia into nitrite via partial nitrification has proven to be an economic way, reducing oxygen and external COD requirements during the nitrification/denitrification process. Two processes with biomass retention are studied simultaneously: the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and the sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR). At a temperature of 30°C, the inhibition of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria due to high ammonia concentration has been studied in order to obtain a stable nitrite accumulation. This work has confirmed the effect of pH and dissolved oxygen on nitrite accumulation performance. During a two month starting period, both processes led to nitrite accumulation without nitrate production when pH was maintained above 7.5. From a 500 mgN/L effluent, the performance of the SBR, and the SBBR, reached respectively about 0.95gN-NO2 /gN-NH4 +, and 0.4gN-NO2 /gN-NH4 +. The SBBR appears to be more stable facing disturbances in dissolved oxygen conditions. Finally, the maximal phosphate removal rates obtained in the SBR reached 90%, and 70% in the SBBR, depending on ammonium accumulation in the reactor. Ammonium phosphate precipitation is likely to occur, as was suggested by crystals observation in the reactor.
Towards Empirically Measuring Patience

Patience is considered mostly as one-dimensional. In this view it reflects the willingness to defer consumption. This can be represented by a time discount rate. We suggest that patience has a broader, multi-dimensional meaning. This is in contrast to much of the literature. We have identified 19 items to measure patience. Only a small subset of these items is correlated with self-evaluations of patience, which in turn is correlated with the standard economics measure of time discount rate. Our result suggests that patience is indeed a multi-dimensional construct. This could be of interest in many fields, particularly when patience is considered as influencing commercial decisions.
Can Communication Solve the Holdout Problem While Preserving Property Rights: Theory and Experimental Evidence

Holdout problems may prevent political reforms, land-assembly and the assembly of complements. Mechanisms that respect participation constraints and are budget balanced cannot alleviate these problems. This paper explores exploiting lying aversion as a possible solution. Experimental evidence obtained on the related bilateral trade problem suggests that face-to-face communication can be exploited to find mechanisms that in practice extract almost all of the available first-best surplus. A close look at the available data suggests aversion to lying to an “identifiable victim” as a possible reason. This theory is tested experimentally on a simplified version of the holdout problem. The data from the experiment suggests that inducing lying aversion can be part of a solution to the holdout problem. JEL Classification: C91, D82, D47
Downstream Targets of FOXM 1 : CEP 55 and HELLS are Cancer Progression Markers of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Ahmad Waseem , Muhammad Ali , Edward W. Odell , Farida Fortune a and Muy-Teck Teh * a Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, London E1 2AD, England, United Kingdom. b Head and Neck Oncology Group, King's College London Dental Institute, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
A hybrid dynamic MADM model for problem-improvement in economics and business

AbstractA typical multiple attribute decision making (MADM) model is a scientific analytical model for evaluating and improving a set of alternatives based on multiple criteria. However, this study identified some important new concepts and limitations/defects of traditional MADM for solving the real-world problems. First, the traditional MADM model assumes that criteria considered are independent and hierarchical in structure; however, the real-world problems often involve interdependent criteria, and thus interdependent models are required. Second, relatively good solutions from existing alternatives are replaced by the aspiration levels. Third, the trend has shifted from how to “rank” or “select” the most preferable alternatives, to how to “improve” their performances. Fourth, information fusion/aggregation, such as fuzzy integrals, basically, a non-additive/super-additive model, has been developed for performance aggregation. Therefore, to overcome the defects of the conventional MADM method and solve.
DisTIN-A Distributed Spatial Index for P2P Environment

In ubiquitous computing environments, the location-awareness of mobile devices is a fundamental functional requirement. Due to the lack of scalability, it is however impossible to store and manage a large number of mobile devices by a centralized server. In this paper, we propose DisTIN, an alternative method based on P2P method to index and handle the location data of mobile devices in fully distributed environment. Each mobile device stores the location and IP addresses of its neighbor devices determined by triangular network. And a query submitted to a mobile device can be processed via its neighbor devices linked by triangular network toward the query position without any centralized server. We also propose an update algorithm of DisTIN to handle the movement of mobile devices.
DESIGN OF REAL-TIME AUTOMATION SYSTEMS USING ARCHITECTURE DESCRIPTION LANGUAGES

This paper presents a component-based design methodology for real-time embedded systems, particularly well suited if they are complex and critical. The architecture description language AADL is the basis of this methodology. It constitutes an alternative to other modeling languages such as UML to represent all the system aspects, including its funcional/non-funcional features and platform constraints. The paper presents the main characteristics of the AADL language and shows its utilization in a case study on an autonomous vehicle control system. Next, the use of this model to verify desired system properties is also discussed. Keywords— Critical Systems, Real-time, Programming, Design Methodology Resumo— Este artigo apresenta uma metodologia baseado em componentes para desenvolver sistemas embarcados de tempo real, em particular quando se caracterizam pela sua complexidade e criticidade. A linguagem de descrição de arquitetura AADL é escolhida como alternativa de destaque a outras linguagens de modelagem como UML, pela sua capacidade para representar todos os aspectos do sistema com suas caracteristicas funcionais e não-funcionais e com as restrições da plataforma. Este artigo apresenta as principais caracteristicas da linguagem AADL e mostra sua utilização num estudo de caso de um sistema de controle de véıculo autônomo. A seguir, é também discutido o uso deste modelo para a verificação das propriedades desejadas do sistema. Keywords— Sistemas Cŕıticos, Tempo Real, Programação, Metodologia de Desenvolvimento
Analysis of noise generated by a wall mounted finite-length airfoil

In order to produce aircraft, turbo-machinery and helicopters with low acoustic signatures and without annoying tones, it is essential to understand the noise generated by airfoils. A series of experiments were carried out in the anechoic wind tunnel facility at the University of Adelaide with subsonic, low Mach number turbulent flow over a wallmounted finite-length NACA 0012 airfoil of span 124 mm and chord 67 mm (aspect ratio of 1.851). Acoustic data were acquired using two phase-matched microphones, one mounted 560 mm above and the other 560 mm below the trailing edge of the airfoil, for flow conditions in the Reynolds number range of 2.2× 10 4 - 1.675× 10 5 . Experiments were conducted for airfoil geometric angles of attack (α) of 0o, 5o and 10o. From the experimental measurements, it is evident that the noise spectra contained broadband noise together with tonal components of various frequencies and sound pressure levels. In this paper, the effect of the airfoil tip on its tonal noise behavior and the effects of Reynolds number and angle of attack on the far-field noise radiated from the airfoil are presented and compared with experimental and numerical investigations carried out by others for similar geometries and flow conditions.
Distribution and orientation of steel fibres in steel fibre reinforced concrete

The use of fibres to reinforce brittle materials for better performance has been employed since time immemorial. Therefore, inclusion of steel fibres in concrete has always improved the post-cracking strength and concrete ductility to a large extent while full potential of steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) is still yet to be exploited in practice. This study investigated the effects of fibre type, dosage and maximum aggregate size on distribution and orientation and hence, the flexural performance of steel fibre reinforced concrete. Hooked-end steel fibres with 50 mm and 60 mm length, aspect ratio of 45, 65 and 80, and dosages of 0 kg/m³, 25 kg/m³, 40 kg/m³, 50 kg/m³ and 60 kg/m³ were used with maximum sizes of coarse aggregate of 10mm and 20mm. X-ray Computed Tomography was employed for imaging cores taken from the slab specimens after testing. The experimental results show a remarkable improvements in flexural strength up to 83% observed at larger dosage of steel fibre and when good interaction leading to better distribution and orientation of fibres within concrete matrix is sustained between right fibre geometry and appropriately sized aggregate.
Revisiting the Relationship between Justice and Extra-Role Behavior: The Role of State Ownership

ABSTRACT State ownership is an important phenomenon in the world economy, especially in transition economies. Previous research has focused on how state ownership influences organizational performance, but few studies have been conducted on how state ownership influences employees. I propose that different ownership structures trigger different relational models among employees who pay attention to organizational justice consistent with their model to guide their extra-role behavior. Specifically, state-owned organizations reinforce employees’ relational concern and direct employees’ attention to procedural justice, whereas privatized organizations highlight employees' instrumental concern and direct their attention to distributive justice. I leverage a sample of organizations in China to explore how different ownership structures activate different relational models among employees and alter the relationship between organizational justice and employees’ extra-role behaviors. I find that state ownership attenuates and even reverses the positive relationship between distributive justice and extra-role behaviors. Conversely, state ownership exaggerates the positive relationship between a critical procedural justice dimension (participation in decision making) and employee extra-role behaviors. Implications for the micro-foundations of corporate governance and institutional change, organizational justice literature, and cross-cultural research are developed. This study also generates new insights for transition economies such as China.
SMALL-SCALE VARIATION OF MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES IN A FOREST SOIL UNDER A BEECH (FAGUS SYLVATICA L.) STAND

To evaluate the small-scale (100 m2) spatial variability of selected soil biological properties in a beech stand and the influence of soil properties on soil microbial activity, we collected soil samples on April 2, July 2 and October 30 (2002) from three (9 ¥ 10 m) plots, distributed on a 1 ¥ 1 m grid, from the top 10 cm of the mineral soil (A horizon). In soil samples, soil respiration and catalase activity were measured. Within-plot coefficients of variation of catalase activity varied from 19 to 23%, those of soil respiration rate ranged from 37 to 54%. Catalase activity exhibited highly significant correlations with soil reaction, whereas soil respiration rate correlated with moisture and humus content. Soil respiration rates appear to be randomly distributed over the sampling area. On the other hand, catalase activity exhibits a rather distinct patchy structure. No relationships between the position of trees and soil respiration rates were found. For catalase activities, the highest values were observed on transsections of perimeters of dominant-tree crowns.
CALOR-QUEST : generating a training corpus for Machine Reading Comprehension models from shallow semantic annotations

Machine reading comprehension is a task related to Question-Answering where questions are not generic in scope but are related to a particular document. Recently very large corpora (SQuAD, MS MARCO) containing triplets (document, question, answer) were made available to the scientific community to develop supervised methods based on deep neural networks with promising results. These methods need very large training corpus to be efficient, however such kind of data only exists for English and Chinese at the moment. The aim of this study is the development of such resources for other languages by proposing to generate in a semi-automatic way questions from the semantic Frame analysis of large corpora. The collect of natural questions is reduced to a validation/test set. We applied this method on the CALOR-Frame French corpus to develop the CALOR-QUEST resource presented in this paper.
Lightweight Virtualization Cluster How to Overcome Cloud Vendor Lock-In

To overcome vendor lock-in obstacles in public cloud computing, the capability to define transferable cloud-based services is crucial but has not yet been solved satisfactorily. This is especially true for small and medium sized enterprises being typically not able to operate a vast staff of cloud service and IT experts. Actual state of the art cloud service design does not systematically deal with how to define, deploy and operate cross-platform capable cloud services. This is mainly due to inherent complexity of the field and differences in details between a plenty of existing public and private cloud infrastructures. One way to handle this complexity is to restrict cloud service design to a common subset of commodity features provided by existing public and private cloud infrastructures. Nevertheless these restrictions raise new service design questions and have to be answered in ongoing research in a pragmatic manner regarding the limited IT-operation capabilities of small and medium sized enterprises. By simplifying and harmonizing the use of cloud infrastructures using lightweight virtualization approaches, the transfer of cloud deployments between a variety of cloud service providers will become possible. This article will discuss several aspects like high availability, secure communication, elastic service design, transferability of services and formal descriptions of service deployments which have to be addressed and are investigated by our ongoing research.
Scar assessment tools: implications for current research

S c a r r i n g i s considered a major medical problem that leads to cosmetic and functional sequelae. Scar tissue is clinically distinguished from normal skin by an aberrant colour, rough surface texture, increased thickness (hypertrophy), occurrence of contraction, and firmness. Marked histologic differences are the change in dermal architecture and the presence of cells like the myofibroblast. Many assessment tools are available for analysis of pathologic conditions of the skin. However, there is no general agreement as to the most appropriate tools for evaluation of scar tissue in specific. This review critically discusses currently available objective measurement tools and subjective assessment tools as well as potential devices that may be available in the future that make up the scar assessment. 0 Perspectives on burn scar evaluation and artificial skin Section I: Tools for scar evaluation
MICROBUBBLE GENERATION BY FLUIDICS. PART I: DEVELOPMENT OF THE OSCILLATOR

In current research project the author investigates generation of sub-millimetre air bubbles in water. This is not an easy task: usual bubble size is several millimetres and known methods of making them smaller, which would bring advantages in many technological processes, are not economical. A non-expensive way to generation of microbubbles was found in pulsating the supplied air flow, using a no-moving-part fluidic oscillator. The project involves two separate problems: (a) Developing a suitable fluidic oscillator for frequency 200 – 300 Hz, with minimised hydraulic losses. (b) Understanding the pulsatile bubble formation mechanism and using the knowledge in aerator design. This paper discusses the author's solution of the first problem, development of the oscillator – which resulted in a device with behaviour different from what has been so far described in literature.
Improved Method for Salient Region Detection

Detection of visually salient image regions is useful for applications like object segmentation, adaptive compression, and object recognition. Visual saliency is the perceptual quality that makes an object, person, or pixel stand out relative to its neighbors and thus capture our attention. Visual attention results both from bottom-up visual saliency as well as top-down methods. Bottom-up salient region detection methods can be broadly classified into uniqueness, compactness and background based and furthermore uniqueness based methods can be roughly divided into local and global contrast based techniques. Thus bottom up salient region detection method is introduced that integrates compactness and local contrast cues. Furthermore, in order to produce a pixel accurate saliency map that more uniformly covers the salient objects output is propagated through the diffusion process.
"Mobile Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols on the Basis of Energy Consumption"-A Review

MANET is a group of mobile nodes connected to form an infrastructure-less network. Due to limited band-width and energy capacity of nodes the energy conservation in MANET is a significant issue. We will analyze the energy consumption by the most commonly used routing protocols-AODV and DSR varied according to the parameters- (i) Mobility pattern (ii) Traffic pattern (iii) Area Shape (iv) Data traffic pattern and (v) number of nodes. The paper presents the results of all the research done on energy consumption patterns of AODV and DSR till date. Conclusion compares the behavior of two protocols in terms of energy consumption.
Efficient Query Autocompletion for Abbreviated Queries

In modern search engines applications, query autocompletion is a useful feature which can save many keystrokes from inputting the entire query. As the autocompletion features of search engines have become more and more popular, many variations of query autocompletion appear in various scenarios, e.g. error-tolerant autocompletion and common phrase autocompletion. In this paper, we propose a novel autocompletion paradigm called Query Autocompletion for Abbreviated Queries, and propose a prefix-network based index to solve this issue e fficiently. We conduct some experiments with classical trie-based method using a large dataset. Experiments show that our method outperformed the classical method.
Property Rights and Planned Obsolescence

We examine how varying the property rights affects the adoption of technologies and the compatibility between products with demand side and supply side economies of scale. In this environment, we obtain the following results. First, the social welfare is maximized by having all consumers use the same technology in the second period. Second, strong property rights may induce the dominant firm to introduce socially inefficient compatible technologies. Third, weak property rights may accelerate planned obsolescence. Finally, under weak property rights, openness of forward compatibility may prevent monopolist from implementing planned obsolescence.