Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formulation - Présentation générale

La formulation recouvre l’ensemble des savoir-faire necessaires au developpement et a la fabrication d’un produit commercial caracterise par sa valeur d’usage et repondant a un cahier des charges preetabli. Un produit formule est obtenu par association et melange de diverses matieres premieres d’origine synthetique ou naturelle parmi lesquelles on distingue generalement les matieres actives qui remplissent la fonction principale recherchee et les auxiliaires de formulation qui assurent les fonctions secondaires, facilitent la preparation ou la mise en œuvre du produit commercial, ou prolongent sa duree de vie. La formulation touche, par consequent, toutes les industries de transformation de la matiere depuis les industries amont produisant les matieres premieres jusqu’aux industries aval, directement en contact avec l’utilisateur final (industriel ou grand public), qui fabriquent des formulations pretes a l’emploi. Les industries chimiques sont concernees par la formulation car elles fabriquent les matieres actives de synthese et les auxiliaires de formulation. Ces composes, communement appeles specialites chimiques , sont commercialises davantage sur la base des proprietes fonctionnelles qu’ils conferent au melange final (colorer, epaissir, filmifier, filtrer les UV, hydrater la peau, etc.) que sur des criteres chimiques (structure moleculaire, purete, etc.). Les industries aval fabriquent, pour le consommateur final, des formulations dont le degre de complexite s’eleve encore d’un cran. Elles associent diverses matieres premieres de facon a aboutir a des specialites pretes a l’emploi possedant les proprietes d’usage (soigner un malade, laver les cheveux, proteger et decorer une surface, etc.) qui integrent simultanement la facilite de mise en œuvre et les performances recherchees par l’utilisateur final. La Nomenclature d’Activite Francaise (NAF) classe les industries de formulation les plus typiques dans les secteurs de la pharmacie (medicaments) et de la parachimie (phytosanitaires, cosmetiques, parfums, produits d’hygiene, savons et detergents, produits d’entretien, produits pour la photographie, supports de donnees, peintures et vernis, encres, colles et adhesifs, lubrifiants, explosifs). Mais les autres industries de transformation de la matiere n’appartenant pas a ces secteurs d’activite (produits agroalimentaires, carburants, papiers, textiles, plastiques, caoutchoucs, ciments, betons, verres, ceramiques) sont egalement amenees a formuler les produits qu’elles vendent a leurs clients. En definitive, la formulation concerne toutes les applications des produits chimiques, naturels ou synthetiques. Elle vise le meilleur compromis possible entre performances, facilite d’utilisation et securite pour un cout minimal. Ce compromis evolue constamment avec les modes et le niveau de vie de la population et constitue le champ de competition des entreprises.
Quasi-static approach approximation for 6 degrees-of-freedom haptic rendering

In this paper, we propose a quasi-static approximation (QSA) approach to simulate the movement of the movable object in 6-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) haptic rendering. In our QSA approach, we solve for static equilibrium during each haptic time step, ignoring any dynamical properties such as inertia. The major contribution of this approach is to overcome the computational instability problem in overly stiff systems arising from numerical integration of second-order differential equations in previous dynamic models. Our primary experimental results on both simulated aircraft geometry and a large-scale real-world aircraft engine showed that our QSA approach was capable of maintaining the 1000Hz haptic refresh rate with more robust collision avoidance and more reliable force and torque feedback.
Models, algorithms and applications in vascular image segmentation

A synthesis of the authors' projects in the field of 3D vascular image processing in the last decadeis provided. This work was motivated by the following applications: display improvement, extraction of geometrical measurements, acquisition optimization, stent-pose planning, phantom generation, blood-flow simulations. The methods are often dependent on the imaging modality and/or on the anatomic region. They involve both: low-level models of intensity patterns and profiles, and higher-level models of cylindrical shapes. Amongst the various algorithms used, recursive tracking and fast-marching level-sets are emphasized. Critical analysis of each model and algorithm is carried out. Problems that remain open, and perspectives associated with the progress of the image acquisition techniques, are listed.
User Interface Development of a COPD Remote Monitoring Application

Abstract — The Norwegian Health sector is undergoing changes at all levels due to recent health reforms. Services traditionally offered by specialized health care are being transferred to primary health care managed by municipalities. In this context, telemedicine technology is introduced to facilitate new services that support communication across local borders, optimizing resources and increasing cost effectiveness. This study focuses on the user-centred design, iterative development and evaluation of the user interface of a mobile application to be used in a new telemedicine service for remote monitoring of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease symptoms. The research is a result of the cooperation between a municipality and a hospital as part of the European Commission project United4Health. Through a user-centred design approach, the tablet device application was developed based on information gathered in a workshop and group interviews where the end-users, patients and health professionals, described their preferred way of interacting with the telemedicine technology. User evaluations reported positive results on the ease of use and user satisfaction with the interaction with the application.
Review of Methods for Data Sets with Missing Values and Practical Applications

The aim of this paper is to revise the traditional methods (complete-case analysis, available-case analysis, single imputation) and current methods (likelihood-based methods, multiple imputation, weighting methods) for handling the problem of missing data and to assess their usefulness in statistical research. The paper provides the terminology and the description of traditional and current methods and algorithms used in the analysis of incomplete data sets. The methods are assessed in terms of the statistical properties of their estimators. An example is provided for the multiple imputation method. The review indicates that current methods outweigh traditional ones in terms of bias reduction, precision and efficiency of the estimation.
Instantiating a Global Network Measurement Framework

perfSONAR is a web services-based infrastructure for collecting and publishing network performance monitoring. A primary goal of perfSONAR is making it easier to solve end-to-end performance problems on paths crossing several networks. It contains a set of services delivering performance measurements in a federated environment. These services act as an intermediate layer, between the performance measurement tools and the diagnostic or visualization applications. This layer is aimed at making and exchanging performance measurements across multiple networks and multiple user communities, using well-defined protocols. This paper summarizes the key perfSONAR components, and describes how they are deployed by the US-LHC community to monitor the networks distributing LHC data from CERN. All monitoring data described herein is publicly available, and we hope the availability of this data via a standard schema will inspire others to contribute to the effort by building network data analysis applications that use perfSONAR.
Design and Implementation of the Network Electronic Identity Management System

This paper presents a quickly locate the query methods in the face of huge amounts of data. The method by analyzing the data relationship, split the database, the formation of cross-database quickly Hash positioning table, and by analyzing the query cost to build double weighted graph and weight table. Each query is given based on the node weight table fast cross-database query path, and quickly locate the target from the cross-database positioning Hash table Hash calculation, in order to achieve fast positioning method.
Coarse Classification of Handwritten Hindi Characters

This paper describes a system to classify the off-line handwritten Hindi characters into several groups based on some similarity measure. A novel method is proposed for finding the header line, based on end points and pixels positions in the top half part of the character image. The algorithm works in the presence of slant of the header line. After the identification and removal of header line, all the characters are coarse classified. A new algorithm is designed for the identification of presence and position of vertical bar in the handwritten Hindi characters. A coarse classification rate of 97.25% has been achieved in the simulation study.
Brain image segmentation using fuzzy classifiers

A rule-based approach is proposed here for brain tissue segmentation in magnetic resonance images (MRI). By combining a thresholding method, which is fast and easy to implement, and fuzzy rules, which can deal with uncertain or ambiguous data, the proposed segmentation method outperforms the existing conventional methods. The results of the proposed method have been compared to that obtained with the well-known fuzzy c-means algorithm on a typical MRI brain dataset. <<ETX>>
Keyword Extraction using the Word Co-occurrence Network Properties that is Independent of Languages and Document Types and Its Evaluation by Prediction of Headline Words

A word co-occurrence graph based on co-occurrence of words within sentences is known to have characteristics of a small-world and scale-free network. We built a keyword extraction algorithm using it betweenness-pass parameter in addition to comprehensive network parameters that include clustering coefficient, average path length and the number of links. Making use of the relationship between an article and its headline in a newspaper, we applied SVM algorithm to learn properties of the network parameters that characterize keywords, and tuned a keyword evaluation function composed of these parameters. We show our algorithm outperforms a past study with a similar technique. Moreover, the learned model is successfully applicable to documents written in an other language andor documents of other types.
Control analysis, synthesis and verification in hybrid control systems using I/O automata-a case study

This paper is about control analysis, synthesis and verification of hybrid control systems (HCSs). Two kind of I/O automata are presented for modeling the extended plant of HCSs. DES I/O automata are defined by additionally introducing control alphabet, input and output events. Timed I/O automata are defined based on DES I/O automata by taking time delay into consideration. The decision-maker can be synthesised by using the proposed models. Some rules are presented for partial verification of correctness of the design. An inverted pendulum is used to illustrate our modeling techniques and proposed methods for control synthesis and verification.
Adaptive Fractional Fourier Domain Filtering in Active Noise Control

Acoustic noise control systems gain more importance as more and more industrial equipments, i.e., engines, fans, ventilators, and exhausters are in use (1–6). Passive acoustic noise control techniques benefit enclosures, barriers and silencers to attenuate ambient noise. However, if the noise has dominant low-frequency components, then passive techniques are either inefficient or expensive. In contrast, active noise control (ANC) systems are much more effective in canceling low-frequency noise. Various noise cancelation algorithms have been proposed in the literature (7–11). In a generic ANC scheme, a reference microphone is used to receive the ambient noise and the system produces an anti-noise signal which has equal amplitude but opposite phase with the primary noise to cancel it acoustically (1). As the primary noise may have time-varying characteristics, ANC systems should be able to adapt themselves to the noise rapidly. In most of the ANC systems, either adaptive filters or neural network based structures are employed (2–6; 9; 12–18). In (15), fuzzy-neural networks are used to estimate the nonlinear response of the unknown primary acoustic path where primary and secondary paths are characterized by nonlinear functions. On the other hand adaptive filters are usually employed to increase the system performance and robustness. They are mostly employed with least mean squares (LMS)-based algorithms and the adaptation is usually realized in time domain (3; 9; 12; 13; 19). Whereas Fourier domain (20) and wavelet-based adaptive filter bank approaches (21; 22) are among the few transform-domain adaptation techniques that have been used in the ANC systems. Compared to time-domain adaptive filters, transform-domain adaptive filters may need fewer parameters (23; 24). When the noise source has dominant low-frequency components, wavelet transform-based adaptive filters provide higher performance rates. However, in case of linear frequency modulated (LFM) or chirp-type audio signals, as their frequency varies linearly with time, performance rates are limited for both Fourier and wavelet-transform domains. LFM signals are among the frequently used signals in real life and they are good models for mechanical systems with accelerating internal components. A Gaussian enveloped,
LADDER: A Language to Describe Drawing, Display, and Editing in Sketch Recognition

This paper presents an axiomatic analysis of negotiation problems within task-oriented domains (TOD). We start by applying three classical bargaining solutions of Nash, Kalai-Smorodinsky and Egalitarian to the domains of problems with a preprocess of randomization on possible agreements. We find out that these three solutions coincide within any TOD and can be characterized by the same set of axioms, which specify a solution of task oriented negotiation as an outcome of dual-process of maximizing cost reduction and minimizing workload imbalance. This axiomatic characterization is then used to produce an approximate solution to the domain of problems without randomization on possible agreements.
Applications of Modern Hydrodynamics to Aeronautics

The report gives, rather briefly, in part one an introduction to hydrodynamics which is designed to give those who have not yet been actively concerned with this science such a grasp of the theoretical underlying principles that they can follow the subsequent developments. In part two there follows a separate discussion of the different questions to be considered, in which the theory of aerofoils claims the greatest portion of the space. The last part is devoted to the application of the aerofoil theory to screw propellers. A table giving the most important quantities is at the end of the report. A short reference list of the literature on the subject and also a table of contents are added.
Error propagation analysis for COTS systems

Today's software systems are `systems of systems'. The semantic dependencies between software components are so complex that they can no longer be fully understood by a single person. Thus the engineering design paradigm known as `divide and conquer' must be employed. Because of this, it is likely that logical incompatibilities (component-to-component or component-to-environment) will exist after the system is in service. A black-box analysis technique that studies how information flows (propagates) between software components is described. The technique forcefully corrupts the information that flows between components and observes what impacts the corruption had. By watching how corrupt information propagates, we isolate those components that cannot tolerate the failure of other components.
Capturing Detailed Hand Motion Using the Kinect Sensor and Max-Sum Belief Propagation

Recent research indicates that several neurological diseases that affect motor functions could be diagnosed using analysis of detailed arm and hand motion. This analysis has earlier been carried out manually by looking for certain mo- tion patterns in patients and animals performing a skilled reaching task. In this thesis we investigate the possibility of performing these tests in a more auto- mated fashion by implementing image analysis methods for capturing arm and hand motion data from RGBD recordings. We have used the Microsoft Kinect sensor to capture motion both on a precise level, describing movements around individual joints of the hand, and on a coarser level, finding directions and po- sitions of the lower and upper arm. Our methods take advantage of both the RGB photos, detecting skin colour and finding arm/hand pixels, and the depth images, constructing 3D point clouds that we try to match to a simple geometrical model of the hand. Our approach is to model each phalanx of the hand individually, draw hypotheses for each of these around their pose from the previous frame and then optimize to find the most likely hand configuration using a Belief Propagation based algorithm. We present results from running our algorithms on a few test sequences. The algorithm works well under favourable circumstances but has problems giving the correct pose for example when fingers occlude each other. Possible additions to the framework that might help to overcome these issues are also discussed.
The Essential Irrelevance of Nuclear Weapons: Stability in the Postwar World

A method of demolishing a consolidated and hardened iron ore powder body contained in a hold of an iron ore carrier, which comprises the steps of: placing at least one mechanical member in the hold of the iron ore carrier, before the iron ore in a slurry state is charged into the hold; loading the iron in a slurry state into the hold; and causing the mechanical member to move relative to the iron ore body in which the member is buried, at the time of unloading the iron ore which has already been consolidated and hardened.
Effects of Worked Examples, Example-Problem Pairs, and Problem-Example Pairs Compared to Problem Solving

Van Gog, T. , Kester, L. , & Paas, F. (2010, August). Effects of worked examples, example-problem pairs, and problem-example pairs compared to problem solving. Paper presented at the Biannual EARLI SIG meeting of Instructional design and Learning and instruction with computers, Ulm, Germany.
Scalable Unix tools on parallel processors

The introduction of parallel processors that run a separate copy of Unix on each process has introduced new problems in managing the user's environment. This paper discusses some generalizations of common Unix commands for managing files (e.g. 1s) and processes (e.g. ps) that are convenient and scalable. These basic tools, just like their Unix counterparts, are text-based. We also discuss a way to use these with a graphical user interface (GUI). Some notes on the implementation are provided. Prototypes of these commands are publically available. <<ETX>>
SPHINX: a high level synthesis system for DSP design

A brief overview is given of the Sphinx System, a high-level synthesis system consisting of an integrated and interacting set of tools for the synthesis of digital circuits. The system is tuned to the synthesis of DSP ASICs from behavior specifications written in Verilog. Sphinx consists of tools for behavioral, structural, and logical synthesis, technology mapping, and simulation. C and SKILL have been used as the implementation and extension language and the system will be integrated into the Cadence Edge Framework. The pipelined scheduling and allocation subsystem of Sphinx are examined in more detail. <<ETX>>
Model-driven software adaptation: report on the workshop M-ADAPT at ECOOP 2007

This first edition of the workshop Model-driven Software Adaptation (M-ADAPT'07) took place in the Technische Universitat Berlin with the International Conference ECOOP'07 in the beautiful and buzzing city of Berlin, on the 30th of July, 2007. The workshop was organized by Gordon Blair, Nelly Bencomo, and Robert France. Participants explored how to develop appropriate model-driven approaches to model, analyze, and validate the volatile properties of the behaviour of adaptive systems and its environments. This report gives an overview of the presentations as well as an account of the fruitful discussions that took place at M-ADAPT'07.
The potential of interactive multimedia on CD-ROM to enhance laboratory work in physical science and engineering

Experience gained in producing interactive learning materials for distance education is now becoming important for on-campus programs. The application of videotape, videodisc, WORM disc and compact disc in interactive multimedia/hypermedia is discussed and it is argued that the advantages of the CD-ROM format over other media and formats makes it the preferred choice at this time. <<ETX>>
Parallel implementation of a median filtering algorithm

A synchronous parallel implementation of a two-dimensional median filtering algorithm is presented. Through this implementation, the effectiveness of a novel data partitioning scheme that balances the work-load distribution among the different processors of a multiprocessor system is demonstrated. The proposed data partitioning scheme has reduced the idling time of the processors at synchronization points for algorithms that depend on data characteristics which, as in typical images, could differ considerably from region to region. <<ETX>>
A new design technique for optical multipass cells modelled with arbitrary surfaces

A novel parametric model for optical mirrors is proposed based on an advanced solids modelling technique to design and analyze optical systems. This new technique implements two ray‐tracing methods on the arbitrary parametric nature of optical mirror surfaces in order to provide a high degree of flexibility and avoid the typical restrictions of traditional canonical structures. The proposed technique is employed to design and optimize multipass cells used on gas‐sensing applications. Results are discussed and show that the technique can also be successfully used for analysis of optical resonators. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 383–387, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10925
Design of E-Archives Portfolio System Based on Signature Technology

Electronic archive files have its advantage on speedy Operation relative to the archive file, however, it is hard to prevent tampering and safe for the file. The E-archives digital signature technology is very important for the Electronic information security. We analysis needs for the system, and design system solutions after the comparing various Signature and Encryption Technology, and propose function and design for the main module. Besides, there is the detailed design on the User registration, DEA file structure.
Mismatch cancellation for complex bandpass sigma-delta modulators

The performance of complex sigma-delta A/Ds can suffer due to mismatches in the hardware as well as phase and gain errors introduced at the RF front-end. Improving the resulting SNR is essential. This paper presents a method that uses DSP techniques to filter out the mismatch and the RF errors. Results of applying an adaptive complex LMS filter to a fourth-order bandpass sigma delta modulator are presented that show an improvement in SNR of 15/spl sim/20 dB.