Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Depth Features of Human Bodies for Image Retargeting

In this paper, we propose enhanced depth features of human bodies for image retargeting. First, the depth map of an input image is generated. Second, with the depth map we divide the depths into several depth layers to separate human bodies and the background. Next, the proposed approach performs the morphological dilation operation on the human bodies and enhances the edges of the human bodies to generate an enhanced depth map. Moreover, we assign different weights for the human bodies and their edges according to their importance. Finally, we generate the target image based on the enhanced depth map. The proposed approach can obtain pleasing resized images for a wide range of images.
The Job Satisfaction-Congruence Relationship: Issues and Effects of Type and Level of Measurement.

ABSTRACT Much of the research on the relationship between job satisfaction and congruence has used measures of congruence derived from Holland's system. Most of these studies have been successful in obtaining a positive relationship between congruence and job satisfaction. This study measured congruence and satisfaction both globally and specifically across all six Holland types and job categories (realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional). Subjects (N=321) were volunteers representing various occupational interests and job categories. Each subject responded to a four part questionnaire containing a short version of Holland's Vocational Preference Inventory; an index of job satisfaction; section on perception of current job requirements, requirements of their ideal job, and satisfaction with specific demands of current job; and section on demographic information. Results indicated only very weak support for Holland's notion that congruence is measured by matching person-environment codes. However, when congruence was measured more complexly as a difference between real and ideal elements of the job, some strong relationships between congruence and job satisfaction did emerge. Nevertheless, these relationships are complex. For some jobs, congruence appears to be important, but for other jobs there was no relationship. What is required is a much more fine-grained analysis of job satisfaction, and perhaps of the person. Choosing people based on Holland's scheme may get the right person for the job in terms of aptitude, abilities and skill, but they will not necessarily be happier. (ABL)
Crystal Structure of the PX Domain of SNX 27 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF PX DOMAIN OF SNX 27

SNX27 is a component of the retromer complex essential for the recycling of transmembrane receptors. SNX27 contains the N-terminal PX domain that binds inositol 1,3-diphosphate and is important for the SNX27 localization. Here, we determined the crystal structure of human SNX27 PX domain by X-ray crystallography. We found that the sulfate ion is located in the positively charged lipid-binding pocket of the PX domain, which mimics the phospholipid recognition. In addition, we modelled the SNX27-PX–inositol 1,3-diphosphate complex to better understand the mechanism of inositol 1,3-diphosphate recognition by the PX domain of SNX27.
Factors affecting home ranges of red foxes in Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, Mongolia

Changes in red fox home range size in relation to environmental and intrinsic factors were studied using radio-telemetry during 2006–2008 in Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, southeastern Mongolia. We captured a total of 12 red foxes (8 females and 4 males) and fi tted them with VHF radio-collars. Marked animals were tracked up to fi ve times a week to estimate home ranges. We also trapped small mammal and insects in different biotopes for 3 years to estimate relative abundance of prey. Our results showed that mean individual home range sizes varied widely and differed among years. There was variation in home ranges between adults versus juveniles, but no signifi cant difference was found between males versus females. In addition, mean home range size did not differ seasonally for pooled years. Variation in home ranges was best explained by a model that included covariates of year and age. We suggest that spatiotemporal changes in resource availability across years infl uenced home range dynamics of red foxes in our study. Introduction
Predicting flow time distributions in workstations with dispatching: an aggregate modeling approach

ow time performance. A detailed simulation model may be used to predict the ow time distributions of a workstation. However, such a model typically involves considerable development time, and obtaining all model parameters may be dicult. In this paper we propose a single-server aggregate model with a workload-dependent aggregate process time distribution, and a workload-dependent overtaking distribution. The model involves little development time. The process time and overtaking distribution in the aggregate model are determined from lot arrival and departure events measured at the considered workstation. Two simulation test cases are included to demonstrate the proposed method.
An occurrence of ilvaite layers in the Cinco Villas metasomatic rocks, Western Pyrenees (Spain)

Abstract In the Artikutza area, near the contact with the southern Aya granite, skarns containing hedenbergite, grandite, epidote, quartz, calcite, actinolite, idocrase and magnetite occur and have been found to contain ilvaite layers. This is the second reported occurrence of ilvaite in Spain; spectral reflectances, colour values. Vickers hardness numbers and chemical composition are given. The monomineralic ilvaite lens intercalation developed by hydrothermal alteration of hedenbergite in a second stage of skarn formation.
Mitigation of Wormhole Attack using Exclusive Algorithms in Manets

—Advancement in wireless technologies and extended the use of wireless devices demand more and more infrastructure less networks like mobile ad hoc networks. As mobile adhoc network applications fan out security emerges as a central requirement. Wireless networks gain higher performance by using network coding . Network coding is a promising generalization of routing, which allows a node to generate output messages by encoding its received messages. However network coding also introduces new attacks such, as well studied pollution attacks and wormhole attack. Wormhole attack, sabotage the performance gain of network coding. Since the characteristics of the network coding system are distinctly different from traditional wireless networks . In wormhole attack malicious node records control traffic at one location and tunnels it to another compromised node, possibly far away, which relays it locally. A centralized algorithm proposed to detect wormholes and show its correctness attendant For the distributed wireless network, DAWN, a Distributed detection Algorithm against Wormhole in wireless Network coding systems is proposed by delving into the change of the flow directions of the innovative packets caused by wormhole. Both the algorithms use node centric information instead of packet centric information, as the underlying network use network coding . Simulation results on NS 2 exhibit the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms in detecting wormhole attacks.
The Entrepreneurial Facets as Precursor to Vietnam's Economic Renovation in 1986

In this research, we aim to develop a conceptual framework to assess the entrepreneurial properties of the Vietnamese reform, known as Doi Moi, even before the kickoff of Doi Moi policy itself. We argued that unlike many other scholars’ assertion, economic crisis and harsh realities were neither necessary nor sufficient conditions for the reform to take place, but the entrepreurial elements and undertaking were, at least for case of Vietnam’s reform. Entrepreneurial process on the one hand sought for structural changes, kicked off innovation, and on the other its induced outcome further invited changes and associated opportunities. The paper also concludes that an assessment of possibility for the next stage of Doi Moi in should take into account the entrepreneurial factors of the economy, and by predicting the emergence of new entrepreneurial facets in the next phase of economic development.
Protein modelling by the zipping and assembly method with limited NMR-derived constraints

Molecular dynamics simulations, often combined with simulated annealing, are commonly used when calculating structural models of proteins, e.g. based on NMR experiments. However, one is often faced with limited and, sometimes, insufficient information for determining a well-resolved 3D structure. In addition, the type of data available for different proteins may vary: ranges for torsion angles, distance ap- proximations, relative orientation of different molecular parts etc. We are using whatever structural information is around, together with a dynamic programming approach (Zipping and Assembly) for searching the space of feasible conformations to rapidly determine 3D structures that are consistent with the input constraints. Time-efficiency is im- portant for good sampling of the conformational space and necessary to replace expensive, complex and time consuming experiments. Our approach benefits from having both high level and low level descriptions of conformational features and constraints and the possibility to infer new constraints from those that are given.
On the gap and time interval between the first two maxima of long continuous time random walks

We consider a one-dimensional continuous time random walk (CTRW) on a fixed time interval T where at each time step the walker waits a random time τ, before performing a jump drawn from a symmetric continuous probability distribution function (PDF) f(η) ? >, of Lévy index 0. Our study includes the case where the waiting time PDF Ψ(τ) ? > has a power law tail, Ψ(τ)∝τ−1−γ ? >, with 0, such that the average time between two consecutive jumps is infinite. The random motion is sub-diffusive if γ (and super-diffusive if \mu /2$ ? >γ>μ/2 ? >). We investigate the joint PDF of the gap g between the first two highest positions of the CTRW and the time t separating these two maxima. We show that this PDF reaches a stationary limiting joint distribution p(g, t) in the limit of long CTRW, T→∞ ? >. Our exact analytical results show a very rich behavior of this joint PDF in the (γ,μ) ? > plane, which we study in great detail. Our main results are verified by numerical simulations. This work provides a non trivial extension to CTRWs of the recent study in the discrete time setting by Majumdar et al (2014 J. Stat. Mech. P09013).
Restoring Natural Fire Regimes to the Sierra Nevada in an Era of Global Change

A conceptual model of fire and forest restoration and maintenance is presented. The process must begin with clearly articulated goals and depends upon derivation of science-driven models that describe the natural or desired conditions. Evaluating the extent to which contemporary landscapes depart from the model is a prerequisite to determining the need for restoration. Model landscapes that include the historical range of variability are commonly used as target conditions in setting restoration objec- tives. Restoration is a corrective step that ultimately must be replaced by a maintenance process. In a world of changing climate, structural targets of historical conditions will become progressively less meaningful to ecosystem maintenance. Future fire manage- ment needs to focus more on fire as a process, in particular as it pertains to proper ecosystem functioning. One area in need of much further research is the critical role of gap formation in forest regeneration. Forests of the Sierra Nevada in California, like other western coniferous forests, have had ecosystem processes greatly disturbed by fire management practices of the 20 th century. This impact has been repeatedly documented through historical studies of fire frequencies revealed in the annual growth rings of fire-scarred trees. These dendrochro- nology studies show a high frequency of fire prior to Euroamerican settlement, with fires in many mid-elevation forest stands occurring at intervals of roughly every 5-25 years (fig. 1). The fact that these estimates are based upon trees that have persisted through repeated fires demon- strates that the pre-Euroamerican fire regime was one of low intensity/severity fires over a significant portion of the landscape. Beginning in the latter half of the 19 th century, fire frequency declined and throughout the 20 th century,
Spectral learning with proper probabilities for finite state automation

Probabilistic Finite Automaton (PFA), Probabilistic Finite State Transducers (PFST) and Hidden Markov Models (HMM) are widely used in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), Text-to-Speech (TTS) systems and Part Of Speech (POS) tagging for language mod-eling. Traditionally, unsupervised learning of these latent variable models is done by Expectation-Maximization (EM)-like algorithms, as the Baum-Welch algorithm. In a recent alternative line of work, learning algorithms based on spectral properties of some low order moments matrices or tensors were proposed. In comparison to EM, they are orders of magnitude faster and come with theoretical convergence guarantees. However, returned models are not ensured to compute proper distributions. They often return negative values that do not sum to one, limiting their applicability and preventing them to serve as an initialization to EM-like algorithms. In this paper, we propose a new spectral algorithm able to learn a large range of models constrained to return proper distributions. We assess its performances on synthetic problems from the PAutomaC challenge and real datasets extracted from Wikipedia. Experiments show that it outperforms previous spectral approaches as well as the Baum-Welch algorithm with random restarts, in addition to serve as an efficient initialization step to EM-like algorithms.
Werner, D. (2014) Predicting the effects of biochar on volatile petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation and emanation from soil: a bacterial community finger-print analysis inferred modelling approach. Soil Biology

We investigated the response of the dominant bacterial taxa in gravelly sand to the addition of biochar and/or mixtures of volatile petroleum hydrocarbons (VPHs) using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing of cut bands. Biochar addition alone had only weak effects on the soil bacterial community composition in batch study samples, while VPH addition had strong effects. Indirect effects of biochar on soil bacterial communities were apparent in column study samples, where biocharenhanced sorption affected VPH spreading. Following VPH addition, cell abundance increased by no more than a factor of 2 and several Pseudomonas spp. became dominant in soil with and without biochar. We present a VPH fate model that considers soil bacterial biomass dynamics and a nutrient limited soil biomass carrying capacity. The model simulates an apparent lag phase before the onset of a brief period of intensive VPH biodegradation and biomass growth, which is followed by substantially slower VPH biodegradation, when nitrogen needs to be recycled between decaying and newly formed biomass. If biomass growth is limited by a factor other than the organic pollutant bioavailability, biochar amendment may enhance VPH attenuation in between a VPH source below ground and the atmosphere by reducing the risk of overloading the soil’s biodegradation capacity. 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
RecallIE : Making Information Extraction Recall-aware

Information extraction from text, IE for short, is the backbone of automated knowledge base construction. IE usually comes with precision estimates; however, it lacks awareness of recall. This paper introduces and discusses the issue of IE recall estimation and its practical importance. We present RecallIE, a methodology for estimating the recall from a given text segment. RecallIE uses distant supervision to estimate from language features whether a passage contains all objects for a given subject-predicate pair. We evaluate RecallIE across various granularities of text, and across various predicates. Our preliminary results indicate that estimating recall is a promising direction and technically feasible.
CO-MOVEMENTS OF PACIFIC-BASIN STOCK MARKETS: PORTFOLIO DIVERSIFICATION IMPLICATIONS

This paper studies the co-movements of and the linkages between twelve Pacific-Basin stock markets during the June 1995-May 2005 period. We use the principal components analysis (PCA) technique to group the stock markets into statistically significant principal components in terms of the similarities of their index return movements. The rolling correlation analysis results show that correlation between the Pacific-Basin stock markets has considerable time-varying volatility. The Granger causality test results indicate that the weekly index returns of most Pacific-Basin stock markets are weak-form efficient and that most Pacific-Basin stock markets have significant lead/lag linkages. The study investigates the portfolio diversification implications of the linkages between the Pacific-Basin
Direct carbon emissions from Canadian forest fires, 1959-1999

Direct emissions of carbon from Canadian forest fires were estimated for all Canada and for each ecozone for the period 1959-1999. The estimates were based on a data base of large fires for the country and calculations of fuel consumption for each fire using the Canadian Forest Fire Behaviour Prediction System. This technique used the fire locations and start dates to estimate prevailing fire weather and fuel type for each of about 11 000 fires. An aver - age of 2◊1 0 6 ha·year -1 was burned in this period, varying from 0.3 ◊ 10 6 ha in 1978 to 7.5 ◊ 10 6 ha in 1989. Ecozones of the boreal and taiga areas experienced the greatest area burned, releasing most of the carbon (C). The mean area-weighted fuel consumption for all fires was 2.6 kg dry fuel·m -2 (1.3 kg C·m -2 ), but ecozones vary from 1.8 to 3.9 kg dry fuel·m -2 . The mean annual estimate of direct carbon emissions was 2 7±6T gC·year -1 . Individual years ranged from 3 to 115 Tg C·year -1 . These direct fire emissions represent about 18% of the current carbon dioxide emis- sions from the Canadian energy sector, on average, but vary from 2 to 75% among years. Post-fire effects cause an ad- ditional loss of carbon and changes to the forest sink condition. Resume : Les emissions directes de carbone provenant des feux dans les forets canadiennes ont ete estimees pour l'ensemble du Canada et pour chacune des ecozones pendant la periode de 1959 a 1999. Les estimes s'appuient sur une base de donnees sur les feux importants survenus au pays et sur des calculs de consommation de combustibles pour chaque feu a l'aide du Systeme canadien de prediction du comportement des feux de foret. Cette technique utilise la loca- lisation et la date de debut des feux pour estimer les conditions meteorologiques qui prevalaient au moment du feu et le type de combustibles pour chacun des quelques 11 000 feux. Pendant cette periode ,2◊1 0 6 ha par annee en moyenne ont brule, allant de 0,3 ◊ 10 6 ha en 1978 a 7,5 ◊ 10 6 ha en 1989. Les plus grandes superficies brulees se retrouvent dans les
How Stakeholders Make Decision About Changes in Enterprise Architecture. Cases in Private Business and Public Organization

Companies currently are forced to remain in constant development in order to stay competitive. One approach to manage this process is Enterprise Architecture (EA) and Enterprise Architecture Management (EAM) as a tool for continuous support of organization evolution. Huge changes in EA are implemented within Enterprise Architecture Project (EAP) that involves specialists and managers from different functional areas into collaborative work. Despite a great amount of research and literature on EA, the participations suffer of lack of understanding managers drivers regarding EAP outcomes. Yet, the questions of what differences in vision about EAP outcomes within Stakeholders Management Group (SMG) exist and how to manage conflicting interests within it remain unanswered. The present paper investigates decision making process within SMG by qualitative analyses the cases in public and private businesses. To this end we have identified two types of conflicts that may occur during discussion process about changes in EA. This study contributes with the evidence which describes decision making process within SMG as interaction of rational agents. Generally, game theory approach is to be implemented to describe conflict situation in a formal way. The finding equilibrium state in which conflicting interests are harmonized in the most optimal way is followed.
Tracking Logical Difference in Large-Scale Ontologies: A Forgetting-Based Approach

This paper explores how the logical difference between two ontologies can be tracked using a forgetting-based or uniform interpolation (UI)-based approach. The idea is that rather than computing all entailments of one ontology not entailed by the other ontology, which would be computationally infeasible, only the strongest entailments not entailed in the other ontology are computed. To overcome drawbacks of existing forgetting/uniform interpolation tools we introduce a new forgetting method designed for the task of computing the logical difference between different versions of large-scale ontologies. The method is sound and terminating, and can compute uniform interpolants for ALC-ontologies as large as SNOMED CT and NCIt. Our evaluation shows that the method can achieve considerably better success rates (>90%) and provides a feasible approach to computing the logical difference in large-scale ontologies, as a case study on different versions of SNOMED CT and NCIt ontologies shows.
Graphene-on-dielectric micromembrane for optoelectromechanical hybrid devices

Due to their exceptional mechanical and optical properties, dielectric silicon nitride (SiN) micromembranes have become the centerpiece of many optomechanical experiments. Efficient capacitive coupling of the membrane to an electrical system would facilitate exciting hybrid optoelectromechanical devices. However, capacitive coupling of such SiN membranes is rather weak. Here we add a single layer of graphene on SiN micromembranes (SiN-G) and compare the electromechanical coupling and mechanical properties to bare SiN membranes and to membranes coated with an aluminium layer (SiN-Al). The electrostatic force to external coplanar electrodes of SiN-G membranes is found to be equal to that of the SiN-Al membranes and corresponds to the theoretical value calculated for a perfectly conductive membrane coating. Our results show that a single layer of graphene substantially enhances the electromechanical capacitive coupling of a SiN membrane without significantly adding mass, decreasing the mechanical quality factor or affecting the optical properties.