Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Performance Measurements of PBI-Based High-Temperature PEMFCs

Acid-doped poly(2,2′-m-phenylene-5,5′-bibenzimidazole) membranes have been prepared and used to assemble membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) with various contents of PBI (1–30 wt.%) in the gas diffusion electrode (GDE). The MEAs were tested in the temperature range of 140∘C–200∘C showing that the PBI content in the electrocatalyst layer influences strongly the electrochemical performance of the fuel cell. The MEAs were assembled using polyphosphoric acid doped PBI membranes having conductivities of 0.1 S cm−1 at 180∘C. The ionic resistance of the cathode decreased from 0.29 to 0.14 Ohm-cm2 (180∘C) when the content of PBI is varied from 1 to 10 wt. %. Similarly, the mass transfer resistance or Warburg impedance increased 2.5 times, reaching values of 6 Ohm-cm2. 5 wt. % PBI-based MEA showed the best performance. The electrochemical impedance measurements were in good agreement with the fuel cell polarization curves obtained, and the optimum performance was obtained when overall resistance was minimal.
Survey of Cloud Computing Issues at Implementation Level

Cloud computing is a new way of integrating a set of old technologies to implement a new paradigm that creates an avenue for users to have access to shared and configurable resources through internet on-demand. Cloud users are expected to increase exponentially in the future. In order to prepare for this stipulated increase, analyses of various factors have to be considered to ensure that cloud clients get the best out of the services offered by cloud providers. Amongst these factors, the ones that ensure successful implementation and adoption are of great importance to help cloud users make informed decisions that will have positive impact on their performance. Though, factors responsible for cloud computing success are inexhaustible, this paper presents some of the factors: ability to access and manage risk, performance, privacy, security, and financial issue.
Cyclostationary spectrum detection in cognitive radios

With the rapid development of wireless communication, it becomes more important to address the spectrum scarcity problem. In the licensed spectrum band, users only utilize their designated resources partially, thus necessitating the need of cognitive radios (CR) which offers the promising feature of accessing the unused spectrum by dynamic spectrum management. In this paper, we are presenting the cyclostationary spectrum density detection method for estimation and spectral autocorrelation function technique to analyze the spectrum. This technique is robust in a sense that it can detect active or licensed user signals blindly. For efficient spectrum detection Kaiser window function was used. The effect of the observational data length on signal detection is also included. A simulational analysis suggests that cyclostationary spectrum detection is optimal for signal detection having low signal-to-noise(SNR) values. For 10% false alarm probability, 90% detection probability of BPSK signals with SNR of -8 dB or greater was achieved. (5 pages)
Extending the extension condition to discontinuous idioms

This paper makes a specific proposal regarding the structure of idioms as they are listed in the lexicon, which has important ramifications. Specifically, I suggest that first Merge as well as internal Merge can target subconstituents of structures already built by Merge. This creates structures which I call Banyan trees, in which there is more than one undominated node. I suggest that this model, together with certain assumptions about phases and about the functional sequence of syntactic heads, derive important facts about the structure of idioms.
Hardware Acceleration on Cloud Services: The use of Restricted Boltzmann Machines on Handwritten Digits Recognition

Cloud computing allows users and enterprises to process their data in high performance servers, thus reducing the need for advanced hardware at the client side. Although local processing is viable in many cases, collecting data from multiple clients and processing them in a server gives the best possible performance in terms of processing rate. In this work, the implementation of a high performance cloud computing engine for recognizing handwritten digits is presented. The engine exploits the beneﬁts of cloud and uses a powerful hardware accelerator in order to classify the images received concurrently from multiple clients. The accelerator implements a number of neural networks, operating in parallel, resulting to a processing rate of more than 10 MImages/sec.
Subgrain Rotation Recrystallization During Shearing: Insights From Full‐Field Numerical Simulations of Halite Polycrystals

We present, for the first time, results of full‐field numerical simulations of subgrain rotation recrystallization of halite polycrystals during simple shear deformation. The series of simulations show how microstructures are controlled by the competition between (i) grain size reduction by creep by dislocation glide and (ii) intracrystalline recovery encompassing subgrain coarsening by coalescence through rotation and alignment of the lattices of neighboring subgrains. A strong grain size reduction develops in models without intracrystalline recovery, as a result of the formation of high‐angle grain boundaries when local misorientations exceed 15°. The activation of subgrain coarsening associated with recovery decreases the stored strain energy and results in grains with low intracrystalline heterogeneities. However, this type of recrystallization does not significantly modify crystal preferred orientations. Lattice orientation and grain boundary maps reveal that this full‐field modeling approach is able to successfully reproduce the evolution of dry halite microstructures from laboratory deformation experiments, thus opening new opportunities in this field of research. We demonstrate how the mean subgrain boundary misorientations can be used to estimate the strain accommodated by dislocation glide using a universal scaling exponent of about 2/3, as predicted by theoretical models. In addition, this strain gauge can be potentially applied to estimate the intensity of intracrystalline recovery, associated with temperature, using quantitative crystallographic analyses in areas with strain gradients.
Motherhood as Constructed by Us: Muslim Women’s Negotiations from a Space That Is Their Own

According to foundational Islamic texts, motherhood is a key aspect of women’s diverse social roles; however some Muslim religious commentaries position motherhood as the only aspect of women’s contributions to society. The everyday mothering experiences of Muslim women remain absent from these discussions. This anthropological article will examine Muslim women’s narratives of motherhood and mothering in contemporary Britain. In my research, Muslim women in Britain chose motherhood, firstly, as one of the many fronts on which to challenge patriarchy that is evident in some Muslim texts and to thus ‘reclaim their faith’ as articulated in foundational Islamic texts. Secondly, in their mothering experiences, Muslim women found a space of commonality that they shared with other women – motherhood was something these Muslim women believed they shared with their ‘sisters’ who were from backgrounds different to their own. Within their diverse and multifaceted struggles, Muslim women thus identified a space which they share with other women.
RESOURCE OVERLAP AND PARTITIONING BETWEEN LARVAL YELLOW PERCH AND ADULT FATHEAD MINNOWS IN A PRAIRIE GLACIAL LAKE

Fathead minnow Pimephalas promelas population densities can become extremely high in shallow prairie lakes and wetlands. Adult fathead minnows may compete with other fishes and waterfowl for limited food resources. In many of the same lakes where high density fathead minnow populations sometimes occur, inconsistent recruitment of yellow perch Perca flavescens is common. Although adult yellow perch feed on large macroinvertebrates and benthos, larval perch may require food resources that are also utilized by fathead minnows. We collected fathead minnows and larval yellow perch during May and June of 1995 with an ichthyoplankton surface trawl from Pelican Lake, South Dakota. Stomach contents were examined and dietary selection determined. Selection of food items was determined using a linear electivity index that contrasted the proportion of each consumed taxon with the proportion available in the environment. We also quantified the stomach contents for each species using frequency of occurrence and percent composition by number. Fathead minnows and larval yellow perch both selected calanoid copepods as their primary diet item, while secondary prey taxa were somewhat partitioned between the two species. Overall, the diets overlapped substantially. However, fathead minnows tended to select larger copepods and yellow perch the smaller individuals. Diet overlap was greatest after larval yellow perch attained lengths greater than 14 mm. At those lengths, given the dietary selection and resource overlap of fathead minnows and larval yellow perch, competition could result if calanoid copepod abundance declined to densities where prey availability became a limiting factor for growth and survival.
Differential long-term effects of climate change and management on stocks and distribution of soil organic carbon in productive grasslands

Abstract. We studied the impact of climate change on the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in productive grassland systems undergoing two types of management, an intensive type with frequent harvests and fertilizer applications and an extensive system without fertilization and fewer harvests. Simulations were conducted with a dedicated newly developed model, the Oensingen Grassland Model. It was calibrated using measurements taken in a recently established permanent sward in Central Switzerland, and run to simulate SOC dynamics over 2001–2100 under various climate change scenarios assuming different elements of IPCC A2 emission scenarios. We found that: (1) management intensity dominates SOC until approximately 20 years after grassland establishment. Differences in SOC between climate scenarios become significant after 20 years and climate effects dominate SOC dynamics from approximately 50 years after establishment. (2) Carbon supplied through manure contributes about 60 % to measured organic C increase in fertilized grassland. (3) Soil C accumulates particularly in the top 10 cm of the soil until 5 years after establishment. In the long-term, C accumulation takes place in the top 15 cm of the soil profile, while C content decreases below this depth. The transitional depth between gains and losses of C mainly depends on the vertical distribution of root senescence and root biomass. We discuss the importance of previous land use on carbon sequestration potentials that are much lower at the Oensingen site under ley-arable rotation with much higher SOC stocks than most soils under arable crops. We further discuss the importance of biomass senescence rates, because C balance estimations indicate that these may differ considerably between the two management systems.
COMBINATION OF METHANE OXIDATION AND DENITRIFICATION PROCESS IN A TWO-STAGE BIOREACTOR

The importance of a combination of methane oxidation and denitrification processes in a two-stage bioreactor was investigated for the removal of nitrate using methane gas. In the configuration I, methane and oxygen were supplied separately to two columns of the two-stage bioreactor, an oxic column and an anoxic column. The nitrate removal efficiency was around 25 % and nitrite presented in the liquid medium, showing that the denitrification process was not complete. In the configuration II, methane and oxygen were supplied together to one column of the two-stage bioreactor, better results were achieved. Nitrate removal efficiency increased to almost 100 %, no nitrite was found in the liquid medium. The methane oxidation and the denitrification processes seemed to be happened simultaneously in one column of the two-stage bioreactor and demonstrated its advantages. Methane utilized concentration in the medium of the methane oxidation column increased from 1 to 2.1 mg/L, which resulted in more soluble organic carbon was created and supplied for denitrifiers. The C/N utilized ratio was lower in the Configuration II showing that the aerobic methane oxidation coupled to denitrification (AMOD) achieved higher efficiency when methane and oxygen were supplied together.
Bound on Bell inequalities by fraction of determinism and reverse triangle inequality

It is an established fact that entanglement is a resource. Sharing an entangled state leads to non-local correlations and to violations of Bell inequalities. Such non-local correlations illustrate the advantage of quantum resources over classical resources. Here, we study quantitatively Bell inequalities with $2\times n$ inputs. As found in [N. Gisin et al., Int. J. Q. Inf. 5, 525 (2007)] quantum mechanical correlations cannot reach the algebraic bound for such inequalities. In this paper, we uncover the heart of this effect which we call the {\it fraction of determinism}. We show that any quantum statistics with two parties and $2 \times n$ inputs exhibits nonzero fraction of determinism, and we supply a quantitative bound for it. We then apply it to provide an explicit {\it universal upper bound} for Bell inequalities with $2\times n$ inputs. As our main mathematical tool we introduce and prove a {\it reverse triangle inequality}, stating in a quantitative way that if some states are far away from a given state, then their mixture is also. The inequality is crucial in deriving the lower bound for the fraction of determinism, but is also of interest on its own.
Deep Subsurface Microbial Biomass and Community Structure in Witwatersrand Basin Mines

The extreme environments of South Africa mines were investigated to determine microbial community structure and biomass in the deep subsurface. These community parameters were determined using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) technique. Air, water and rock samples were collected from several levels and shafts in eight different mines. Biomass estimates ranged over nine orders of magnitude. Biofilm samples exhibited the highest biomass with quantities ranging from 10 3 to 10 7 pmol PLFA g −1 . Rock samples had biomass ranging from 10 3 to 10 6 pmol PLFA g −1 . Mine service waters and rock fracture waters had biomass estimates ranging from 10 0 to 10 6 pmol PLFA L −1 . Air samples biomass values ranged from 10 −2 to 10 0 pmol PLFA L −1 . The biomass estimates were similar to those estimates for other deep subsurface sites. Redundancy analysis of the PLFA profiles distinguished between the sample types, where signature lipid biomarkers for aerobic and anaerobic prokaryotes, sulfate-and metal-reducing bacteria were associated with biofilms. Rock samples were enriched in 18:1 ω 9 c , 18:2 ω 6, br17:1s and br18:1s, which are indicative of microeukaryotes and metal- reducing bacteria. Air samples were enriched with 22:0, 17:1, 18:1, and a polyunsaturated fatty acid. Service waters had monounsaturated fatty acids. Fracture waters contained i17:0 and 10Me18:0 which indicated gram-positive and other anaerobic bacteria. When the fracture and service water sample PLFA responses to changes in environmental parameters of temperature, pH, and anion concentrations were analyzed, service waters correlated with higher nitrate and sulfate concentrations and the PLFAs 18:1 ω 7 c and 16:1 ω 7 c . Dreifontein shaft 5 samples correlated with chloride concentrations and terminally branched saturated fatty acids and branched monounsaturated fatty acids. Kloof, Tau Tona, and Merriespruit fracture waters aligned with temperature and pH vectors and 18:0, 20:0 and 22:6 ω 3. The redundancy analysis provided a robust method to understand the PLFA responses to changes in environmental parameters.
Spin-reorientation transitions in ultrathin Co films on Pt(111) and Pd(111) single-crystal substrates

Spin-reorientation transition (SRT) behaviors in ultrathin Co films grown on both Pt(111) and Pd(111) single-crystal substrates are investigated with in situ magneto-optical Kerr effects. At the region of SRT from the perpendicular to in-plane magnetization with the increasing of Co thickness, canted out-of-plane orientations are observed, from which we can determine not only the effective second- ${(K}_{2})$ but also fourth- ${(K}_{4})$ order anisotropy constants. Both the constants, which can be separated into bulk ${K}_{2b(4b)}$ and interface anisotropy terms ${K}_{2s(4s)}$ are essential to understand the stable canted out-of-plane magnetization. We found that the value of ${K}_{2s}$ for Co/Pt(111) is larger than that for Co/Pd (111), resulting in the later onset thickness and wider range of the observed SRT, while the negative small values of ${K}_{4s}$ in the both systems yield the stable canted phases. In addition, we observed different polarization effects of Pd and Pt near the interfaces which might also contribute the contrasting SRT behaviors.
The effects of lean management on organizational structure and the type of innovations influenced by this structure

Through the fast changing pace of today’s environment, organizations are challenged to innovate more than ever, to adequately respond and adapt to these changing conditions. It has become increasingly important for firms to be able to balance exploitation with exploration, to achieve sustained organizational performance. So, how do organizations organize their innovations? Earlier research has mainly focus on larger firms and how these firms organize innovations, through their structure. However, still little is known on how SME structure the organization of innovation. Above all, this research did not focus on randomly selected SMEs but on SMEs engaged in lean management. This, because it is suggested that SMEs engaged in lean management will focus on increasing efficiency within the organization by pursuing exploitative innovations. The aim of this research was therefore to investigate and explore the organization of innovation in SMEs, after implementing lean. So, how is lean management influencing the organizational structure and if this organizational structure has an impact on the balance between exploitation an exploration. The findings of this research suggest that current literature is incomplete in its assumptions about positive and negative relations between different organizational variables and the types of innovation. In addition, this research shows that there is not only a one-to-one relationship between organizational structure and innovation, but also a reversed causality between the two, indicating that current literature might not be completely right about generalizing innovation as being dependent on organizational structure. Furthermore, this research indicates that there is an insignificant influence of organizational structure in SMEs, which are engaged in lean management, on the organization of innovation.
Reuse Bug Solution Using bugFix Recommender System

In improving the software maintenance activity, it is essential to automatically detect duplicate or similar bug reports stored in the repository, and then reusing its solution if possible. Thus, a bugFix Recommender System is proposed to assist user to get a recommendation of a solution from duplicate or similar bug reports that available in the repository. The proposed system acts like a help desk system. The system is developed based on Case-Based Reasoning approach and natural language processing techniques. This paper discusses in details the framework of the proposed system. The system has potential to provide benefits to triagers as well as end-users. © 2015 Published by ISICO
Correspondencia de caracterısticas utilizando esquemas clásicos en el espectro visible

En general, las aplicaciones de vision por computadora se basan en el uso de camaras que trabajan en el campo visible del espectro. Recientemente avances en la captura de imagenes infrarrojas, asi como tambien la reduccion en los costos de esas camaras, ha abierto nuevas oportunidades para desarrollar soluciones excelentes que trabajan en la banda infrarroja del espectro o entre varios dominios del espectro entre el campo infrarrojo y visible (ejm., (Barrera et al., 2013), (Aguilera et al., 2012), (Barrera et al., 2012) and (Felicisimo and Cuartero, 2006)). Las bandas espectrales de las imagenes infrarrojas van desde 0.75 μm a 15 μm, del cual se divide en las siguientes categorias: Infrarrojo cercano (NIR: 0.751.4 μm), Infrarrojo de onda corta (SWIR: 1.43 μm), Infrarrojo de onda media (MWIR: 38 μm) o Infrarrojo de onda larga (LWIR: 815 μm). Imagenes de cada una de estas categorias tienen ventajas particulares para ciertas aplicaciones dadas; por ejemplo las imagenes NIR son generalmente usadas para aplicaciones que usan deteccion de la mirada y seguimiento de los ojos (Coyle et al., 2004); la banda espectral SWIR ha mostrado su uso en ambientes con mucha neblina (Hansen and Malchow, 2008); MWIR es usado generalmente para detectar temperaturas de alguna forma superiores a la del cuerpo en aplicaciones militares; finalmente, las imagenes LWIR han sido usadas en video vigilancia y asistencia en el manejo (Krotosky and Trivedi, 2007). El presente trabajo se concentra en el campo LWIR, el cual corresponde a la banda espectral m´as lejana con respecto al espectro visible. Siguiendo la evolucion del espectro visible basado en vision por computadora, en las imagenes del dominio Infrarrojo han surgido temas tales como el registrado de imagenes , reconocimiento de patrones o vision estereo los cuales han sido enteramente abarcados. Como primera instancia, herramientas clasicas del espectro visible han sido solo usadas o poco adaptadas en el nuevo dominio. Una de estas herramientas es la descripcion de puntos caracteristicos, los cuales han sido un tema de bastante investigacion en la pasada decada en la comunidad de vision por computadora. Dado la gran cantidad de contribuidores en este topico han habido muchos trabajos en la literatura sobre evaluar y comparar su rendimiento en el caso del espectro visible (ejm., (Miksik and Mikolajczyk, 2012), (Mikolajczyk and Schmid, 2005), (Bauer et al., 2007) y (Schmid et al., 2000)).
Genetic Relationships among Different Breeds of Chinese Gamecocks Revealed by mtDNA Variation*

There are currently five primary breeds of Chinese gamecock, the Henan, Luxi, Tulufan, Xishuangbanna and Zhangzhou. Though there is historical evidence of cockfighting in China dating as far back as 2,800 years, the origin and genetic relationships of these breeds are not well understood. We used sequence variation from the mtDNA cytb gene and control region (1,697 bp) to examine the domestication history and genetic relationship of the Chinese gamecock. From 75 samples (14-16 per breed) we found 34 haplotypes, and 45 variable nucleotides. Phylogenetic reconstruction indicated multiple origins of the gamecock breeds. The breeds in the north and center of China, Tulufan, Luxi and Henan, clustered together in a haplogroup and may have the same ancestor. However the southern breeds, Zhangzhou and Xishuangbanna clustered into two isolated haplogroups, suggesting another two origins of Chinese gamecock. Meanwhile, extensive admixture was also found because samples from different breeds, more or less, were always grouped together in the same clades. Based on these results, we discuss the possibilities of multiple origins of gamecock breeds, from both ancestral gamecocks as well as other domestic chickens and red jungle fowl. (