Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous on-line preconcentration and determination of Pt, Rh and Pd in urine, serum and road dust by flow injection combined with inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry

In this work, ICP-time of flight (TOF)-MS with ultrasonic nebulisation (USN) was combined on-line with a flow injection (FI) system for the determination of Pt, Rh and Pd in biological fluids (urine and blood serum) and road dust. Simultaneous and selective preconcentration of the 3 analytes was performed by sorption of their complexes formed on-line with diethylthiourea (DET) on the inner walls of a PTFE knotted reactor (KR), in a wide range of sample acidity (0.1–0.5 M HNO3 for Pd and Rh and 0.05–0.2 M HNO3 for Pt). A quantitative elution was achieved using 500 µl methanol acidified with 1% HNO3. The detection limits obtained were 0.54, 2.12 and 0.36 ng l−1 for Pt, Rh and Pd, respectively, and the relative standard deviation RSD (for 50 ng l−1 of Pt, Rh and 25 ng l−1 of Pd, n = 6) was ≤ 3%. Using a preconcentration time of 120 s and a sample flow rate of 5 ml min−1, enrichment factors of 55, 5 and 2 for Pd, Pt and Rh, respectively, were obtained in comparison with direct determination by ICP-MS without preconcentration. Special attention was paid to the study of the adverse effects of potentially interfering species present in the matrix (Cd, Cu, Pb, Sr, Fe, Y, Zn, Ni, Rb, Mn and Mo) on the preconcentration and the mass-spectrometric determination of the analytes. The accuracy of the method was demonstrated by the analysis of urine, blood serum and road dust certified reference materials. The method was applied to urine and serum samples of healthy subjects. The concentrations of Pt, Rh and Pd determined in these samples were comparable to reported values.
Trace elemental determination by portable total reflection X‐ray fluorescence spectrometer with low wattage X‐ray tube

A specimen containing nanograms of Sb, rare earth elements, Pb, and Bi and a specimen containing a few nanograms each of As and Pb were measured using a portable total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Nanograms of Sb, rare earth elements, Pb, and Bi were detected. Although the As Kα line (10.54 keV) overlapped with the Pb Lα line (10.55 keV) in a spectrum of the specimen containing nanograms of As and Pb, the Pb Lβ line was detected. Therefore, the net intensity of the As Kα line was calculated using the Pb Lα/Lβ intensity ratio in a spectrum of a Pb standard solution and the net intensity of the Pb Lβ line in the spectrum of the specimen containing As and Pb. This result indicates that these two elements can be quantified by using the portable spectrometer. Commercially available bottled drinking water was also measured. The portable spectrometer detected several tens of ppb of V in the drinking water sample. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forensic Analysis of Fibres by Vibrational Spectroscopy

Fibres are extremely common. They can originate directly from human and animal hair, and also from textiles in the form of clothing, upholstery and carpets. Hair and textile fibres are relatively easily shed and transferred, which means that it is highly likely that fibres will be found at crime scenes. If such fibres are carefully characterised they can be of immense value in the forensic environment. Vibrational spectroscopy is one of the most important methods for the characterisation of natural and synthetic fibres. The vibrational spectrum, whether mid-IR or Raman, can be considered to be a fingerprint of the molecular structure of the fibre and as such has a very high information content.
Determination of volatile organic compounds in water by solid phase microextraction and infrared spectroscopy

A simple method is described combining solid phase microextraction (SPME) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy for determining volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in water. The solid phase consists of a small square of Parafilm (130 μm thick) that is used to selectively extract the VOCs from the water. Infrared transmission spectroscopy is used to detect the extracted VOCs directly in the Parafilm. Ten VOCs (e.g., benzene, chlorobenzene, toluene, chloroform, and p-chlorotoluene) are chosen to evaluate the SPME-IR procedure. Preliminary experiments show that detection limits are in the 66 ppb−1.3 ppm range for spiked solutions, and linear dynamic calibration ranges extend nearly to the water solubility limits for all VOCs examined. Although the formal equilibration times are determined to be 30−200 min for these VOCs, we demonstrate that reproducible extractions can also be performed at 30 min. The application of SPME-IR to a real water sample shows no significant matrix interferences. Finally, the potential for d.
Nanoreactors or nanoscale stablizers: routes for solution processed indium tin oxide nanoparticles by reverse micelle deposition1

The production of nanoparticles from solution typically involves the use of complex solution additives or particle functionalization with organic ligands to prevent aggregation. Another approach would be to produce the particles within a nanoscale environment, such as inside a micelle. In this contribution, we produced indium tin oxide nanoparticles using the diblock copolymer reverse micelle approach. We examined different solution precursor routes without any additives. Additionally, we examined the role of the reaction sequence, either nanoparticle formation outside the micelles or using the micelle itself as a nanoreactor.
IN SILICO DOCKING STUDIES OF SOME FLAVONOIDS AGAINST MULTIPLE TARGETS OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an eventually fatal deteriorating brain ailment that has an increasingly large burden on health and social care systems. The adverse effects, toxicity and limited targets in AD pathology limits use of current anti-AD agents. Therefore, it is vital to discover an effective compound to combat AD. Some flavonoids (such as kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin and syringetin) were reported to have beneficial effects in the treatment of AD. Based on this we had selected these flavonoids for molecular docking studies to investigate the binding interactions between these compounds and eight antiAlzheimer’s drug targets (N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor, nitric oxide synthase, beta secretase 1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, mono amine oxidase A, mono amine oxidase B, butylcholine esterase and acetylcholine esterase). These compounds displayed appreciable docking interactions with the multiple targets involved in pathogenesis of AD. These compounds showed good pharmacokinetic properties that make them potentially promising drug candidates for the treatment of AD.
Thermal Modeling of the Lithium/Polymer Battery .1. Discharge Behavior of a Single-Cell

Two models are presented to predict the thermal behavior of the lithium/polymer battery. Part 1 presents the one-cell model, a one-dimensional model for predicting the thermal behavior of the lithium negative electrode/solid polymer separator/insertion positive electrode cell. Part 2 presents the cell/stack model, a one-dimensional model that uses variable heat-generation rates calculated by the one-cell mode to predict temperature profiles in cell stacks. The one-cell model, presented in Part 1, is based on the model of Doyle et al. with the addition of an energy balance in the form given by Bernardi et al. Physical properties are allowed to vary with temperature. The model is general and can be used to simulate a wide rang of polymeric separator materials, lithium salts, and composite insertion electrodes. Simulation results for the Li/PEO{sub 15}-LiCF{sub 3}SO{sub 3}{vert_bar}TiS{sub 2} system are presented for isothermal operation at several temperatures and adiabatic operation at several discharge rates. Heat transfer to the surroundings is considered by defining a position-dependent heat-transfer coefficient for various cells in a cell stack.
Particle size distributions of several commonly used seeding aerosols

During the course of experimentation, no solid particle powder could be found which produced an aerosol with a narrow particle size distribution when fluidization was the only flow process used in producing the aerosol. The complication of adding particle size fractionation processes to the aerosol generation effort appears to be avoidable. In this regard, a simple sonic orifice is found to be effective in reducing the percentage of agglomerates in the several metal oxide powders tested. Marginally beneficial results are obtained for a 0.5/99.5 percent by weight mixture of the flow agent and metal oxide powder. However, agglomeration is observed to be enhanced when the flow agent percentage is increased to 5 percent. Liquid atomization using the Collison nebulizer as well as a version of the Laskin nozzle resulted in polydispersed aerosols with particle size distributions heavily weighted by the small particle end of the size spectrum. The aerosol particle size distributions produced by the vaporization/condensation seeder are closer to the ideal monodispersed aerosol than any of the other aerosols tested. In addition, this seeding approach affords a measure of control over particle size and particle production rate.
Adubação nitrogenada em cobertura no feijoeiro com suplementação de molibdênio via foliar

), aplicadas aos 20 dias apos a emergencia (DAE), associados com e sem a aplicacao foliar de 80 g ha -1 de Mo aos 25 DAE. Avaliou-se a concentracao de nitrato e amonio nas folhas, alem dos componentes de producao e da produtividade de graos de feijao. A ausencia de suplementacao de Mo via adubacao foliar promoveu o acumulo de nitrato na folha a medida que aumenta a quantidade de N fornecida, evidenciando a baixa eficiencia na assimilacao de N na falta desse micronutriente. A massa de cem graos responde positivamente ao suplemento de Mo via adubacao foliar, reduzindo a necessidade de N para se obter os melhores resultados. A adubacao molibdica aumentou a produtividade do feijoeiro independentemente da dose de N aplicada em cobertura no feijoeiro. Palavras-chave - Phaseolus vulgaris (L.). Adubacao molibdica. Assimilacao de nitrogenio.
Cluster Analysis Based on Contextual Features Extraction for Conversational Corpus

Cluster analysis related to computational linguistics seldom concerned with Pragmatics level. Features of corpus on Pragmatics level related to specific situations, including backgrounds, titles and habits. To improve the accuracy of clustering for conversations collected from international students in Tsinghua University, it required contextual features. Here, we collected four-hundred conversations as a corpus and built it to Vector Space Model. With the Oxford-Duden Dictionary and other methods we modified the model and concluded into three groups. We testified our hypothesis through self-organizing map neural network. The result suggested that the modified model had a better outcome.
Development and operation of first wall in JT-60U high-power heated discharges

In JT-60U, the highest fusion product of 1.2/spl times/10/sup 21/ keV sm/sup -3/ was recorded in July 1994, and the confinement performance has been also improved in the quasi-steady states (duration time /spl sim/1.5 s). The JT-60U has various wall conditioning methods. In particular, the boronization system using decaborane and B/sub 4/C-converted CFC divertor tiles was effective for reduction of the oxygen impurity and particle recycling. In the latest boronization session, gas mixture of deuterium and helium was used in glow discharge instead of helium only to reduce the hydrogen content in the boron film. On the other hand, the B/sub 4/C-converted CFC tiles caused, so called, the real-time solid target boronization (STB) by plasma impact, and then low concentration level of impurities was achieved. Water cooling of the divertor tiles, which was carried out in October 1994, was also effective for the reduction of impurity production. The amount of neutron and tritium generated by the D-D reaction have also increased with the improved plasma performance. From the measurement of the tritium in the first wall tiles, it is expected that tritium of 1.6/spl times/10/sup 10/ Bq, which corresponds to approximately 50% of tritium generated until 1993, still remained in the first wall.
Growth Factor Delivery From Fibrin Matrics Containing Affinity-Based Delivery Systems To Treat Peripheral Nerve Injury

OF DISSERTATION GROWTH FACTOR DELIVERY FROM FIBRIN MATRICS CONTAINING AFFINITY-BASED DELIVERY SYSTEMS TO TREAT PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY By Matthew David Wood Doctor of Philosophy in Biomedical Engineering Washington University in St. Louis, 2009 Chairperson: Shelly E. Sakiyama-Elbert, Ph.D. This thesis work sought to develop a biomaterial to further the understanding of affinitybased delivery and to serve as a potential treatment for peripheral nerve injury. The use of an affinity-based delivery system (ABDS) with growth factors in a nerve guidance conduit (NGC) was hypothesized to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery following a critical nerve defect. Evaluation of affinity-based delivery using peptides with varying binding affinity for heparin determined that peptide binding affinity for heparin affected the release rate and biological activity of nerve growth factor (NGF) in vitro. The ABDS presented biologically active NGF, which promoted neurite extension regardless of peptide binding affinity for heparin. The efficacy of the ABDS in vivo to promote nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve critical defect was determined through histomorphometric outcomes. The ABDS with any affinity peptide and NGF was similar to the isograft in aspects of nerve regeneration including: fiber density, nerve regeneration quality, fiber maturity, and the fiber organization of the regenerating nerve 6 weeks after treatment. Alternatively,
Einfluss einer albuminhaltigen Präservationslösung auf die koronare endotheliale Glykokalyx und die postischämische kardiale Pumpfunktion

Die endotheliale Glykokalyx ist eine Schicht aus Proteinen mit Kohlenhydratseitenketten auf der dem Blutstrom zugewandten Seite der Endothelzellen. Sie bindet aus dem Blutstrom Plasmaproteine, Elektrolyte sowie einen Teil des Plasmawassers und bildet so den Endothelial Surface Layer, eine im Kapillarsystem bis zu 500 nm breite gelartige Schicht auf den Endothelzellen. Diese Struktur erfullt eine Reihe wichtiger physiologischer Funktionen fur die Signalubertragung uber die Zellmembran, fur den Schutz vor oxidativem Stress und vor unkontrollierter Inflammations- und Gerinnungsaktivitat und bildet einen wichtigen Teil der Endothelbarriere. Eine Zerstorung der endothelialen Glykokalyx durch verschiedene schadigende Faktoren spielt eine bedeutende Rolle bei der Pathogenese einer Vielzahl von Erkrankungen, insbesondere bei der Ischamie und Reperfusion. Aufgrund ihrer Funktionen konnte die endotheliale Glykokalyx eine relevante Rolle fur den Schutz der Organe im Rahmen einer Transplantation spielen. Allerdings wird die endotheliale Glykokalyx durch die heute ubliche Verwendung proteinfreier Praservationslosungen bereits bei der Organentnahme zerstort. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde untersucht, ob durch die Zugabe des Plasmaproteins Albumin (1%) zu einer haufig klinisch eingesetzten Praservationslosung (Histidin-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarat-Losung nach Brettschneider) wahrend einer mehrstundigen kalten Ischamie und Reperfusion die endotheliale Glykokalyx erhalten und die myokardiale Pumpfunktion verbessert werden kann. Dazu wurden die Herzen von Meerschweinchen zum Stillstand gebracht und mit verschiedenen Praservationslosungen gespult. Dann wurden sie aus dem Korper des Versuchstiers entnommen und fur vier Stunden bei 4° C gelagert. Anschliesend erfolgte die Reperfusion an einer Versuchsanlage und die Messung des Herzzeitvolumens in einem ex vivo perfundierten, links- oder rechtsventrikular arbeitenden Herzmodell. Wahrend sich bei der linksventrikularen Pumpfunktion kein Unterschied zwischen den Versuchsgruppen ergab, erreichten die mit der albuminhaltigen Versuchslosung behandelten Herzen eine signifkant bessere rechtsventrikulare Pumpleistung. Eine rechtsventrikulare Funktionsstorung nach Ischamie und Reperfusion tritt bei Herztransplantationen haufig auf und ist ein entscheidender Faktor fur die perioperative Mortalitat. Daher konnten die Ergebnisse der Herztransplantationen durch die klinische Verwendung albuminhaltiger Praservationslosung weiter verbessert werden.
PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF ULTRAFILTRATION TREATMENT OF POST-PROCESS COKE WASTEWATER BASED ON THE ASSUMPTIONS OF HYDRAULIC FILTRATION RESISTANCE MODEL

The post-processes coke wastewater treatment was carried out using flat ultrafiltration membranes with a variable polysulfone concentration in membrane solution (15 wt% - 17% wt.) and variable evaporation time of the solvent from the polymer film surface (0s, 2s, 5s). The ultrafiltration process was carried out with the transmembrane pressure of 0.4 MPa and the linear speed of water flow over the surface of the membrane at 2 m / s. For all the membranes transport characteristic of de-ionized water describing the dependence of the volu- metric flow on the transmembrane pressure was done. Since none of the ultrafiltration membranes prepared had provided a sufficiently high degree of pollutants removal from wastewater, it was post-treated by RO method. The wastewater treated this way can be used as technical water for coke quenching. The calculations based on the assumptions of the hydraulic model of filtration resistance allowed to predict the efficiency of ultrafiltra - tion membranes used in the process. To that end, for each of the membranes, the following parameters were determined experimentally: the alterations of effluent stream volume over the time of the low-pressure filtration, the total hydraulic resistance and the resistance constituents such as "new" membrane resistance, the resistance generated by polarization layer and the resistance caused by fouling - reversible and irreversible.
POLYMERIZATION AND NON-LINEAR PROPERTIES OF 1-(4′-SUBSTITUTED PHENYL)-4-(4′-METHYLPYRIDINIUM)BUTADIYNE TRIFLATE

ABSTRACT 1-(4′-Substituted phenyl)-4-(4′-methylpyridinium)butadiyne triflate (5ab), which was prepared by the reaction of 1-(4′-Substituted phenyl)-4-(4′-pyridyl) butadiyne (4ab) with methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, was found to be grown into the large crystal due to the quaternized structure. The uv irradiation and thermal treatment of 5ab gave rise to 1,4-addition polymerization to yield the polydiacetylene. The third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ (3)) of the polymer was determined by the Z-Scan method to exhibit the remarkable high value of 1.65×10−11esu at 650 nm.
Novel Average Value Model for Faulty Three-Phase Diode Rectifier Bridges

Rectifiers are widely used in industrial applications. Although detailed models of rectifiers are usually used to evaluate their performance, they are complex and time-consuming. Therefore, the Average Value Model (AVM) has been introduced to meet the demand for a simple and accurate model. This type of rectifier modeling can be used to simplify the simulations of large systems. The AVM of diode rectifiers has been an area of interest for many electrical engineers. However, healthy diode rectifiers are only considered for average value modeling. By contrast, faults occur frequently on diodes, which eventually cause the diodes to open-circuit. Therefore, it is essential to model bridge rectifiers under this faulty condition. Indeed, conventional AVMs are not appropriate or accurate for faulty rectifiers. In addition, they are significantly different in modeling. In this paper, a novel application of the parametric average value of a three-phase line-commutated rectifier is proposed in which one diode of the rectifier is considered open-circuited. In order to evaluate the proposed AVM, it is compared with experimental and simulation results for the application of a brushless synchronous generator field. The results clearly demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed model.
The composition of KLB-1 peridotite

Abstract Electron microprobe analyses of major- and minor-element oxide components for two glassed samples of natural KLB-1 peridotite are presented. One glass was made with the aid of a phosphate flux, and the second glass was made by laser melting of aerodynamically levitated spheroids resulting in homogeneous silicate glass beads. For unknown reasons, the silicate-phosphate glass yields compositions that are incompatible with the composition of KLB-1 peridotite. However, analysis of the glass bead formed by laser synthesis is believed to give an accurate representation of the composition of KLB-1 peridotite, except for minor loss of Na2O owing to volatilization. The new data resolve conflicting FeO, CaO, and TiO2 values from two older measurements present in the literature. Mass-balance calculations using the new composition measurement combined with new analyses of the mineral compositions in KLB-1 result in a lower sum of squares of the residuals than those using the older measurements. There are appreciable differences in calculated modes from partial-melting experiments of KLB-1 when calculated using older KLB-1 analyses or our new analysis.
Molecular interactions studies in liquid mixture using Ultrasonic technique

Density, viscosity and ultrasonic velocity have been measured for binary liquid mixtures containing Methylmethacrylate+2-Methoxy ethanol, Methylmethacrylate +2-Ethoxy ethanol, Methyl methacrylate+2 Butoxy ethanol at 303K. The adiabatic compressibility, free length, free volume, internal pressure, relaxation time, acoustic impedance and Gibbs’s free energy values have been calculated from the experimental data. These parameters are used to discuss the molecular interactions in the mixtures.
Activated carbon @ MIL‐101(Cr): a potential metal‐organic framework composite material for hydrogen storage

Chromium‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF), MIL‐101(Cr), has emerged as a potential hydrogen storage material because of its high specific surface area, tuneable pore size, and unique structure. A large portion of voids generated in MOFs remain unutilized for hydrogen storage owing to weak interactions between the walls of MOFs and H2 molecules. The present study was aimed to reduce the unutilized voids in MIL‐101 by incorporating microporous activated carbon (AC) into MIL‐101 pores and thereby enhancing its volumetric hydrogen storage capacity. MIL‐101 and its AC composites were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions by adding AC in different proportions in situ during the synthesis of MIL‐101. The synthesized materials were characterized by various physico‐chemical methods such as powder X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2‐adsorption/desorption isotherms measured at 77.4 K, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). AC@MIL‐101/A prepared by the incorporation of 0.63 wt% of AC into MIL‐101 shows the highest hydrogen uptake of 10.1 wt% at 77.4 K and up to 6000 kPa hydrogen pressure. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.