Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clustering Users' Requirements Schemas

Data Mining proposes different techniques to deal with data. In our work, we suggest the use of clustering technique since we want grouping the schemas into clusters according to their similarity. This technique is applied to variety type of variables. We focus on categorical data. Many algorithms are proposed, but no one of them takes into consideration the semantic aspect. For this reason, and in order to ensure a good clustering of the schemas of the usersâ requirements, we extend the k-mode algorithm by modifying its dissimilarity measure. The schemas within each cluster will be merged to construct the schemas of the data mart.
Methyl Salicylate Is a Critical Mobile Signal for Plant Systemic Acquired Resistance

In plants, the mobile signal for systemic acquired resistance (SAR), an organism-wide state of enhanced defense to subsequent infections, has been elusive. By stimulating immune responses in mosaic tobacco plants created by grafting different genetic backgrounds, we showed that the methyl salicylate (MeSA) esterase activity of salicylic acid–binding protein 2 (SABP2), which converts MeSA into salicylic acid (SA), is required for SAR signal perception in systemic tissue, the tissue that does not receive the primary (initial) infection. Moreover, in plants expressing mutant SABP2 with unregulated MeSA esterase activity in SAR signal–generating, primary infected leaves, SAR was compromised and the associated increase in MeSA levels was suppressed in primary infected leaves, their phloem exudates, and systemic leaves. SAR was also blocked when SA methyl transferase (which converts SA to MeSA) was silenced in primary infected leaves, and MeSA treatment of lower leaves induced SAR in upper untreated leaves. Therefore, we conclude that MeSA is a SAR signal in tobacco.
Application of an adjusted chi2 statistic to site-specific data in observational dental studies.

BACKGROUND When a binary response is observed on teeth from each subject belonging to 2 or more exposure groups, application of the usual Pearson chi2 tests is invalid, since such responses within the same subject are not independent. Consequently, special statistical methods are needed to control for the correlation among teeth (sites) within the same subject. A simple adjustment to the Pearson chi2 statistic has been proposed for comparing proportions in site-specific data. However, the required assumptions for this statistic have not yet been thoroughly addressed. These assumptions are guaranteed to hold in experimental comparisons, but may be violated in some observational studies. METHOD We investigate the conditions under which the adjusted chi2 statistic is valid and examine the performance of the adjusted chi2 statistic when these conditions are violated. RESULTS Our simulation study shows that the adjusted chi2 statistic generally produces good empirical type I errors under the assumption of a common intracluster correlation coefficient. Even if the intracluster correlations are different, the adjusted statistic performs well when the groups have equal numbers of clusters (subjects). CONCLUSION The discussion is illustrated using an observational study of caries on the roots of teeth.
Effects of a health promotion program on medication adherence to antiplatelet therapy among ischemic stroke patients in Hainan Province, China

Survivors of ischemic stroke are still at a significant risk for recurrence. Antiplatelet agents are the treatment of first choice for long-term secondary prevention of vascular events. This study aims to assess a health promotion program on medication adherence to antiplatelet therapy among ischemic stroke patients in Hainan province, China. In five hospitals from the intervention group, four highly experienced physicians trained 62 neurologists, who in turn trained 613 stroke patients to improve their awareness and adherence to antiplatelet therapy. Physicians and patients of the control group received usual stroke management programs. After one-year follow-up, the proportion of patients who took the antiplatelet therapy increased significantly in the intervention group, reaching 73.2%, with a pre–post difference between two arms of 22.9% (P < 0.01). There was also a significant net increase in the proportion of patients with awareness of antiplatelet therapy (24.4%, P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis illustrated health promotion program, higher education, annual household income, insurance, and medical status affected antiplatelet drug use in stroke patients. In conclusion, the health promotion program, based on a train-the-trainer approach, showed positive eﬀects on awareness of and adherence to antiplatelet therapy, which has the potential to be scaled up to other resource-limited areas.
Fracture protection in osteoporosis with risedronate.

Osteoporosis is a major public health problem in the UK, and will become even more common as the population ages. This article will review osteoporosis management and a first-line treatment, risedronate (Actonel), which has been shown to preserve bone quality and reduce the risk of both vertebral and non-vertebral fractures within 6 months of initiation of therapy.
Hypo‐β‐Lipoproteinaemia Associated with Auto‐Antibodies Against β‐Lipoproteins

Abstract In a 19 year old patient, presenting a severe hypo‐β‐lipoproteinaemia and a polyclonal IgG gammopathy, all known causes of hypo‐β‐lipoproteinaemia could be excluded. The patient's IgG reacted with homologous and autologous low density lipoproteins like an antibody, the binding activity being localized in the Fab fragment of the IgG molecule. The reactive part of LDL appeared to be the protein moiety (apoprotein LDL). Turnover studies with radioiodinated LDL showed that the reduction of the LDL concentration in the patient's serum was due to a decreased synthesis of LDL and also possibly to an immunelimination of LDL.
Isolation and Translation of mRNA Encoded by a Specific Region of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Genome

We have examined in detail the major mRNA species encoded by the region of the herpes simplex virus type 1 genome encoded by HindIII fragment K (0.53-0.59 from the left end of the prototype arrangement of the genome) by using this restriction fragment bound to cellulose as a reagent for isolation of this mRNA. Before viral DNA replication in infected cells (early), a major species of viral mRNA 5.2 kilobases (kb) in length is abundant. After the onset of viral DNA replication (late), four mRNA species are abundant: 7, 5.2, 3.8, and 1.8 kb in size. We have used reverse transcriptase from avian myeloblastosis virus to make DNA complementary to these RNA species and their 3′ ends. We have shown by hybridization of this complementary DNA to Southern blots of herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA that the 7-, 5.2-, and 1.8-kb mRNA species have their 3′ ends to the right of 0.59 and are at least partially colinear. The 3.8-kb mRNA has a 3′ end mapping to the left of the 3′ ends of these other species. In vitro translation of HindIII fragment K-specific mRNA in a reticulocyte lysate system yielded three major polypeptide products: 140,000, 122,000, and 54,000 daltons (d). Less prominent species of 86,000 and 65,000 d also were produced. Translation of size-fractionated HindIII fragment K-specific mRNA showed that the 7-, 5.2-, and 3.8-kb mRNA's encoded the 54,000-, 140,000-, and 122,000-d polypeptides, respectively. The 140,000-d polypeptide was the major polypeptide translated using early HindIII fragment K-specific mRNA as a template. The 3.8-kb mRNA also encoded the 86,000-d polypeptide, whereas the 1.8-kb mRNA encoded a polypeptide that was indistinguishable from the 54,000-d polypeptide encoded by the 7-kb mRNA, in addition to the 65,000-d polypeptide. The implications of the data are discussed.
Wavelet transforms for fault detection using SVM in Power Systems

In this paper we study how Wavelet Transforms and Support Vector Machine have been used successfully for fault detection in Power Systems. We then present a case study on machine fault diagnosis, where we are getting classification accuracies up to 99%. In similar lines, we propose ideas for better fault detection in Power Systems.
Integrated approach to prediction of cervical intra‐epithelial neoplasia status through a case‐control study

A case‐control study on cervical intra‐epithelial neoplasia (CIN) was carried out on 398 subjects in the state of West Bengal, India. These samples were taken from mass screening programs organized by the authors, maintaining the uniformity of sampling to the extent possible. The cervical smears were tested by the Papanicolaou (PAP) method, following the Bethesda system for reporting of CIN status. Odds ratios and correlation coefficients among different variables, assumed to produce carcinoma of the cervix, show that 6 out of 11 variables, i.e., age, education, socio‐economic status, duration of marriage, age at marriage and body surface, are associated with CIN. Multivariate analysis of logistic regression was carried out using BMDP‐LR with dichotomized response variables considering CIN (0 and 1) in one group and CIN (2 and 3) in the other group. The outcome of the analysis indicated that age and educational level are 2 contributing factors for CIN. The percentage of correct classification in this analysis has improved to 74.5%, with a probability of 0.90. Polychotomous regression analysis was carried out using BMDP‐PR in the next step. This analysis showed that parity was a contributing factor, in addition to age and educational level. These 3 factors provide a predictive model for identifying the high‐risk group in a rational way. This approach would restrict screening to approximately 10% of the population. Subsequently, the model has been validated in a confirmatory trial among 85 new cases and was found to work satisfactorily. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.) 84:69–73, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unusual metallo-β-lactamases may constitute a new subgroup in this family of enzymes

Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) are a family of Zn2+-dependent enzymes that have contributed strongly to the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance. Novel members as well as variants of existing members of this family are discovered continuously, compounding their threat to global health care. MBLs are divided into three subgroups, i.e. B1, B2 and B3. The recent discovery of an unusual MBL from Serratia proteamaculans (SPR-1) suggests the presence of an additional subgroup, i.e. B4. A database search reveals that SPR-1 has only one homologue from Cronobacter sakazakii, CSA-1.These two MBLs have a unique active site and may employ a mechanism distinct from other MBLs, but reminiscent of some organophosphate-degrading hydrolases.
CD8α+ mouse spleen dendritic cells do not originate from the CD8α- dendritic cell subset

Although previous studies had indicated that the CD8α- and CD8α+ subtypes of murine dendritic cells (DCs) differ in immediate origin, a recent study found that intravenous transfer of CD8α- DCs led to CD8α+ DCs in the spleen several days later, suggesting a direct precursor-product relationship. We have repeated these experiments with a balance sheet approach. We find that though a few CD8α+ DCs can be generated in such experiments, this is a rare event and could be the result of a contaminant precursor. Most of the immediate precursors of CD8α+ DCs are cells that lack the phenotype of a recognizable DC. CD8α- DCs and CD8α+ DCs are not precursor-product related, though these sublineages may be connected further upstream.
Complete lack of mitochondrial divergence between two species of NE Atlantic marine intertidal gastropods

Some mitochondrial introgression is common between closely related species, but distinct species rarely show substantial introgression in their entire distribution range. In this study, however, we report a complete lack of mitochondrial divergence between two sympatric species of flat periwinkles (Littorina fabalis and Littorina obtusata) which, based on previous allozyme studies, diverged approximately 1 Ma. We re‐examined their species status using both morphology (morphometric analysis) and neutral genetic markers (microsatellites) and our results confirmed that these species are well separated. Despite this, the two species shared all common cytochrome‐b haplotypes throughout their NE Atlantic distribution and no deep split between typical L. fabalis and L. obtusata haplotypes could be found. We suggest that incomplete lineage sorting explains most of the lack of mitochondrial divergence between these species. However, coalescent‐based analyses and the sympatric sharing of unique haplotypes suggest that introgressive hybridization also has occurred.
Learning to filter spam emails: An ensemble learning approach

Most email users have experienced spam problems, which have been addressed as text classification problem. In this paper, we propose a novel spam detection method which uses an ensemble of classifiers based on subsampling and dynamic weighted voting techniques. Since there is diversity in genre of emails' contents, the proposed method finds different topics in emails by using a clustering algorithm. The proposed algorithm first extracts disjoint clusters of emails, and then a classifier is trained on each cluster, and finally decisions of classifiers are combined using dynamic weighted majority techniques. In order to classify a new input sample, first it is compared with all cluster centers and its similarity to each cluster is identified; then the classifiers in the vicinity of the input sample obtain greater weights for the final decision of the ensemble. Finally, the outputs of the classifiers are combined using weighted voting with weights calculated from the similarity of the input sample with cluster centers. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms pure SVM and the related ensemble based classifiers.
Implementing the Lean Sigma framework in an Indian SME: a case study

Lean and Six Sigma are two widely acknowledged business process improvement strategies available to organisations today for achieving dramatic results in cost, quality and time by focusing on process performance. Lately, Lean and Six Sigma practitioners are integrating the two strategies into a more powerful and effective hybrid, addressing many of the weaknesses and retaining most of the strengths of each strategy. Lean Sigma combines the variability reduction tools and techniques from Six Sigma with the waste and non-value added elimination tools and techniques from Lean Manufacturing, to generate savings to the bottom-line of an organisation. This paper proposes a Lean Sigma framework to reduce the defect occurring in the final product (automobile accessories) manufactured by a die-casting process. The proposed framework integrates Lean tools (current state map, 5S System, and Total Productive Maintenance (TPM)) within Six Sigma DMAIC methodology to enhance the bottom-line results and win customer loyalty. Implementation of the proposed framework shows dramatic improvement in the key metrics (defect per unit (DPU), process capability index, mean and standard deviation of casting density, yield, and overall equipment effectiveness (OEE)) and a substantial financial savings is generated by the organisation.
A pedestrian navigation system using a map-based angular motion model for indoor and outdoor environments

By incorporating known floor-plans in sequential Bayesian positioning estimators, such as particle filters, long-term positioning accuracy can be achieved as long as the map is sufficiently accurate and the environment sufficiently constrains pedestrians’ motion. Instead of using binary decisions to eliminate particles when crossing a wall, map-based angular probability density functions (PDFs) are used in this article that are capable of weighting the possible headings of the pedestrian according to local infrastructure. In addition, we will include outdoor maps by processing satellite images of the region. We will show that the angular PDFs will help to obtain better performance in critical multi-modal navigation scenarios and in the outdoor area when including maps.
Efficacy of primary hepatitis B immunization in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

BACKGROUND Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) carry a high risk of hepatitis B virus (HIV) infection. The present study was conducted to see if prior routine hepatitis B vaccine received as a part of national immunization program could prevent HBV infection in these children. METHODOLOGY Ninety-six children with ALL were screened for HBV. Children were divided into three groups according to their initial HBV serology; previously vaccinated children (Group I) (n=34) previously unvaccinated and seronegative children (Group II) (n=56),and unvaccinated but HBsAg negative and anti-HBs positive children (group III) (n=6). Sixty-seven of 96 (69.7%) children received vaccination. The schedule was initiated during the third month of maintenance therapy and each course consisted of three doses given at one month interval. RESULTS Anti-HBs seroconversion following the first course of three doses of hepatitis B vaccination in group I, II and III was 57%, 33% and 100%, respectively. It increased to 97% in Group I, 62.5% in Group II, 100% in Group III. HBsAg positivity was found in 11 children (11.5%) and all of them developed chronic hepatitis B. Ten of them were in Group II whereas only one child was in Group I (P<0.04). CONCLUSION This data reveals that routine HBV vaccination within the national immunization program plays an important role in decreasing subsequent hepatitis B infection in children with ALL.
Impact of high fat diets, prebiotics and probiotics on gut microbiota and immune function, with relevance to elderly populations

According to WHO, the number of people over 60 years of age is set to rise to 2 billion by 2050. Dysbiosis of microbial composition and impaired immune function have been observed in elderly persons compared to younger adults. As a result, the aging population has a higher disease risk than other age groups. In addition, high fat intakes have been observed to exert negative effects on microbial composition and immune function in murine studies. Elderly people have higher fat intakes than recommended levels, and this may make them more vulnerable to disease risk. Therefore, the impact of high fat consumption on elderly populations may be of relevance. Prebiotics and probiotics have been shown to have positive effects on microbiota composition and immune function in the elderly. This review describes aged-related changes in gut microbiome of elderly persons. It will also summarise studies concerning the impact of prebiotics, probiotics and high fat diets on microbiota composition and immune function.
The Role of Prices Relative to Supplemental Benefits and Service Quality in Health Plan Choice

This article links representative enrollee panel data to health plan data on (1) prices, (2) service quality, and (3) nonessential benefits for the German statutory multipayer market and the years 2007–2010. We first show that although heavy federal regulation ensures a simple choice architecture, the majority of health plans are dominated—even when considering four nonprice attributes. Enrollees in dominated plans are older, less educated, and unhealthier. Second, we assess how switchers value prices relative to nonprice health plan attributes. Our mixed logit models incorporate a total of 1,700 health plan choices with each more than 50 choice sets. While prices are an important determinant for nearly everyone, 40 percent of all switchers do not seem to value service quality and supplemental benefits when choosing health plans.
Aunp-12-a Novel Peptide Therapeutic Targeting Pd-1 Immune Checkpoint Pathway for Cancer Immunotherapy – Structure Activity Relationships & Peptide / Peptidomimetic Analogs

Aurigene Discovery Technologies, the Bangalore-based biotech company, and Pierre Fabre, the second largest independent French pharmaceutical company, announced on February 11, 2014, a collaborative license, development and commercialization agreement giving Pierre Fabre worldwide rights (excluding India) to a new immune checkpoint modulator, AUNP-12, for the treatment of cancer. Aurigene will receive an upfront payment as well as milestone payments based upon continued development, regulatory progress, and product commercialization.
Co-segmentation of multiple similar images using saliency detection and region merging

The aim of co-segmentation is to simultaneously segment multiple images depicting an identical or similar object. In this study, a co-segmentation method using saliency detection and region merging is proposed. The saliency detection results using different detection methods on different types of colour space are combined to produce seed regions for each image in the image group. The initial seed regions of all the images are refined by eliminating the dissimilar ones to ensure accurate seed regions for each images as possible. Region merging is performed on each image individually in order to allow our method to be applied to large image groups. The maximal similarity measurement and nearest similarity measurement are defined as merging rules. The deliberately designed merging strategy aims to merge two regions using the maximal similarity rule and label two regions as the same class but not merge them using the nearest similarity rule. The proposed method has been compared with some state-of-the-art methods on three datasets, and the experimental results show its effectiveness.
Proportion of human colostral immunoglobulin-A molecules containing the secretory determinant.

Concentrations of total colostral IgA were compared with concentrations remaining after precipitation with antibodies to secretory piece (SP). The anti-SP was obtained by filtering anti-colostral IgA through an immunosorbent column with firmly attached human serum globulins. IgA concentrations were measured by radial immunodiffusion with anti-α-chain serum. The proportions of SP-containing IgA molecules were: in whole (defatted) colostrum, at least 68 per cent; in the polymeric IgA fraction, at least 88 per cent; in the monomeric IgA fraction, 43 per cent. Free SP was also detected in colostrum. The non-identity of SP with several known components of colostrum was ascertained by blocking experiments.
Activity Profile of International Rugby Sevens: Effect of Score Line, Opponent, and Substitutes.

PURPOSE To investigate the influence of score line, level of opposition, and timing of substitutes on the activity profile of rugby sevens players and describe peak periods of activity. METHODS Velocity and distance data were measured via 10-Hz GPS from 17 international-level male rugby sevens players on 2-20 occasions over 4 tournaments (24 matches). Movement data were reported as total distance (TD), high-speed-running distance (HSR, 4.17-10.0 m/s), and the occurrence of maximal accelerations (Accel, ≥2.78 m/s2). A rolling 1-min sample period was used. RESULTS Regardless of score line or opponent ranking there was a moderate to large reduction in average and peak TD and HSR between match halves. A close halftime score line was associated with a greater HSR distance in the 1st minute of the 1st and 2nd halves compared with when winning. When playing against higher- compared with lower-ranked opposition, players covered moderately greater TD in the 1st minute of the 1st half (difference = 26%; 90% confidence limits = 6, 49). Compared with players who played a full match, substitutes who came on late in the 2nd half had a higher average HSR and Accel by a small magnitude (31%; 5, 65 vs 34%; 6, 69) and a higher average TD by a moderate magnitude (16%; 5, 28). CONCLUSIONS Match score line, opposition, and substitute timing can influence the activity profile of rugby sevens players. Players are likely to perform more running against higher opponents and when the score line is close. This information may influence team selection.