Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Will I Be Remembered? Conserving the Environment for the Sake of One’s Legacy

Long time horizons and social distance are viewed as key psychological barriers to proenvironmental action, particularly regarding climate change. We suggest that these challenges can be turned into opportunities by making salient long-term goals and motives, thus shifting preferences between the present self and future others. We tested whether individuals’ motivation to leave a positive legacy can be leveraged to increase engagement with climate change and other environmental problems. In a pilot study, we found that individual differences in legacy motivation were positively associated with proenvironmental behaviors and intentions. In a subsequent experiment, we demonstrated that priming legacy motives increased donations to an environmental charity, proenvironmental intentions, and climate-change beliefs. Domain-general legacy motives represent a previously understudied and powerful mechanism for promoting proenvironmental behavior.
Perceived barriers to physical activity among high school students.

BACKGROUND Perceived barriers to physical activity, the factor structure of perceived barriers, and the relationship between perceived barriers and participation in vigorous physical activity were examined. METHODS A two-stage cluster sample of high school students (N = 1,041) in a large Metropolitan Toronto school district was used. Students completed a questionnaire (response rate 81.4%) dealing with participation in physical activity in three settings. Factor analysis was used to examine the dimensionality of perceived barriers. Multiple regression analysis was then used to examine the relationship between perceived barriers and participation. RESULTS Time constraints due to school work, other interests, and family activities were three of the four barriers considered most important. Females cited consistently higher levels of perceived barriers than males. Two empirically distinct and theoretically meaningful factors emerged from the analysis--perceived internal barriers and perceived external barriers. Perceived internal barriers were predictive of physical activity in overall activity and outside of school activity. Perceived external barriers were predictive of overall physical activity and other school activity, but in the direction opposite to that hypothesized. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that perceived barriers may be predictive of physical activity participation among high school students only under specific conditions.
Inhibitory Metabolic Drug Interactions with Newer Psychotropic Drugs: Inclusion in Package Inserts and Influences of Concurrence in Drug Interaction Screening Software

Background: Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations mandate that package inserts (Pls) include observed or predicted clinically significant drug-drug interactions (DDIs), as well as the results of pharmacokinetic studies that establish the absence of effect. Objective: To quantify how frequently observed metabolic inhibition DDIs affecting US-marketed psychotropics are present in FDA-approved Pls and what influence the source of DDI information has on agreement between 3 DDI screening programs. Methods: The scientific literature and Pls were reviewed to determine all drug pairs for which there was rigorous evidence of a metabolic inhibition interaction or noninteraction. The DDIs were tabulated noting the source of evidence and the strength of agreement over chance. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the influence of source of DDI information on agreement among 3 DDI screening tools. Logistic regression was used to assess the influence of drug class, indication, generic status, regulatory approval date, and magnitude of effect on agreement between the literature and PI as well as agreement among the DDI screening tools. Results: Thirty percent (13/44) of the metabolic inhibition DDIs affecting newer psychotropics were not mentioned in Pls. Drug class, indication, regulatory approval date, generic status, or magnitude of effect did not appear to be associated with more complete DDI information in Pls. DDIs found exclusively in Pls were 3.25 times more likely to be agreed upon by all 3 DDI screening tools than were those found exclusively in the literature. Generic status was inversely associated with agreement among the DDI screening tools (odds ratio 0.11; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.89). Conclusions: The presence in Pls of DDI information for newer psychotropics appears to have a strong influence on agreement among DDI screening tools. Users of DDI screening software should consult more than 1 source when considering interactions involving generic psychotropics.
In situ characterization of mixed phase clouds using the Small Ice Detector and the Particle Phase Discriminator

Abstract. Mixed phase clouds (MPCs) represent a great source of uncertainty for both climate predictions and weather forecasts. In particular, there is still a lack of understanding on how ice forms in these clouds. In this work we present a technique to analyze in situ measurements of MPCs performed with the latest instruments from the Small Ice Detector family. These instruments record high-resolution scattering patterns of individual small cloud particles. For the analysis of the scattering patterns we developed an algorithm that can discriminate the phase of the cloud particles. In the case of a droplet, a Mie solution is fitted to the recorded pattern and the size of the corresponding particle is obtained, which allows for a size calibration of the instrument. In the case of an ice particle, its shape is deduced from the scattering pattern. We apply our data analysis method to measurements from three distinct MPC types. The results from laboratory measurements demonstrate that our technique can discriminate between droplets and ice particles in the same optical size range. This ability was verified by measurements at a mountain top station where we found an alternation of liquid- and ice-dominated cloud regions. The analysis of results from aircraft-based measurements illustrates the ice detection threshold of the technique.
Total hydrogen budget of the equatorial upper stratosphere

[1] Water vapor and methane mixing ratios measured by the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), and the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) along with simulations from the NRL CHEM2D middle atmosphere model are used to study the hydrogen budget in the equatorial upper stratosphere. Multiyear time series of equatorial upper stratospheric H2O + 2*CH4 show temporal variations during periods of relative long-term stability in water vapor and methane entering the stratosphere. These variations, which are anticorrelated to CH4, are quasibiennial and seasonal in nature, and peak near 2 hPa with a magnitude of 3% of the H2O + 2*CH4 mixing ratio. We find that the ratio of the changes in water vapor to the changes in methane is consistently >2 over the entire equatorial upper stratosphere in HALOE, ACE, and MIPAS data. Ratios of the H2O to CH4 changes calculated from the CHEM2D model are similar, but slightly smaller, and the variations in H2O + 2*CH4 are balanced by nearly equivalent variations in molecular hydrogen. We use this relationship to infer molecular hydrogen mixing ratios from the observations which show that its mixing ratio decreases with altitude above 5 hPa. This net loss in molecular hydrogen drives additional water vapor production so that multiyear average profiles of H2O + 2*CH4 from HALOE, ACE, and MIPAS show an ∼0.4 ppmv increase between 5 hPa and 1.5 hPa, so that total hydrogen is conserved. Collectively, these results illustrate the importance of molecular hydrogen in the equatorial upper stratospheric hydrogen budget.
Insights into amyloid structural formation and assembly through computational approaches

Amyloids are long, insoluble ordered fibers. Due to their insolubility, to date the determination of an amyloid structure with an atomic scale resolution has proven to be a difficult task. Under such circumstances, computational approaches are a preferred option, providing the means to build likely models, test their stabilities and figure out the chemistry of their prevailing interactions. Computational models can be validated by targeted experiments, such as introducing mutations and testing for amyloid formation. Computations further provide vehicles for the comprehension of the mechanisms of amyloid seed formation and oligomer toxicity. Nevertheless, computations face an immense hurdle, the outcome of the time scales involved in amyloid formation and the immense sizes of the systems. In an attempt to overcome these, we adopt a strategy that encompasses (1) bioinformatics studies of native proteins containing β-sheet structures; (2) simulations of shorter peptides; and finally (3) construction of potential oligomeric models and tests of their stabilities. The results are correlated with experimental data where available. Here, we describe the computational methods in simple terms and present an overview of the results. The systems derive from amyloidogenic, disease-related proteins, including gelsolin, β2-microglobulin, and peptides derived from the prion, Alzheimer's Aβ, IAPP and human calcitonin. Ultimately, obtaining molecular structures should facilitate efforts to therapy and drug design.
In-situ synthesis of graphene on surface of copper powder by rotary CVD and its application in fabrication of reinforced Cu-matrix composites

A novel approach has been developed for fabricating graphene (Gr) reinforced Cu composites. First, graphene was synthesized in-situ on surface of micron-sized copper powder through rotary chemical vapor deposition (RCVD). Then, the composite powders were hot pressed into bulk Gr-Cu composite pieces in vacuum. During RCVD, methane flow rate controlled the number of layers in synthesized graphene. Analyses of Raman spectroscopy suggested that graphene with varied layer numbers were formed on Cu powder surface. The as-fabricated graphene exhibited a ‘wrinkle’ type morphology with a homogeneous distribution observed by fielde mission scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After hot pressing, the structure and morphology of graphene were preserved in the Gr-Cu bulk composites, as confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Physical and mechanical properties of these bulk composites were studied. They were nearly fully densified and featured with an increase of more than 30% in hardness, as well as similar electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity as compared with pure Cu. The mechanism therein was discussed. Correspondence to: Danqing Yi, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P.R. China,Tel: +86-73188830263; Fax: +86-731-88836320; E-mail: yioffice@csu.edu.cn, danqing@csu. edu.cn
Fuzzy Linguistic Recommender Systems for the Selective Diffusion of Information in Digital Libraries

The significant advances in information and communication technologies are changing the process of how information is accessed. The internet is a very important source of information and it influences the development of other media. Furthermore, the growth of digital content is a big problem for academic digital libraries, so that similar tools can be applied in this scope to provide users with access to the information. Given the importance of this, we have reviewed and analyzed several proposals that improve the processes of disseminating information in these university digital libraries and that promote access to information of interest. These proposals manage to adapt a user`s access to information according to his or her needs and preferences. As seen in the literature one of the techniques with the best results, is the application of recommender systems. These are tools whose objective is to evaluate and filter the vast amount of digital information that is accessible online in order to help users in their processes of accessing information. In particular, we are focused on the analysis of the fuzzy linguistic recommender systems (i.e., recommender systems that use fuzzy linguistic modeling tools to manage the user`s preferences and the uncertainty of the system in a qualitative way). Thus, in this work, we analyzed some proposals based on fuzzy linguistic recommender systems to help researchers, students, and teachers access resources of interest and thus, improve and complement the services provided by academic digital libraries.
Some ‘ant’swers: Application of a layered barcode approach to problems in ant taxonomy

DNA barcoding has emerged as a routine tool in modern taxonomy. Although straightforward, this approach faces new challenges, when applied to difficult situation such as defining cryptic biodiversity. Ants are prime examples for high degrees of cryptic biodiversity due to complex population differentiation, hybridization and speciation processes. Here, we test the DNA barcoding region, cytochrome c oxidase 1 and two supplementary markers, 28S ribosomal DNA and long‐wavelength rhodopsin, commonly used in ant taxonomy, for their potential in a layered, character‐based barcoding approach across different taxonomic levels. Furthermore, we assess performance of the character‐based barcoding approach to determine cryptic species diversity in ants. We found (i) that the barcode potential of a specific genetic marker varied widely among taxonomic levels in ants; (ii) that application of a layered, character‐based barcode for identification of specimens can be a solution to taxonomical challenging groups; (iii) that the character‐based barcoding approach allows us to differentiate specimens even within locations based on pure characters. In summary, (layered) character‐based barcoding offers a reliable alternative for problematic species identification in ants and can be used as a fast and cost‐efficient approach to estimate presence, absence or frequency of cryptic species.
The Relationships among Socioeconomic Status, Fruit and Vegetable Intake, and Alcohol Consumption

Purpose. We examined the relationships among fruit and vegetable intake, alcohol consumption, and socioeconomic status (SES). We hypothesized that fruit and vegetable consumption would be inversely associated with alcohol consumption and the relationship would differ by SES. Design. A cross-sectional analysis. Setting. Large, urban Midwestern county. Subjects. A unique, racially/ethnically diverse sample of 9959 adults (response rate: 66.3%). Measures. Fruit and vegetable intake was measured using two items that assessed servings per day. Alcohol consumption was measured in terms of volume of alcohol consumed and binge drinking. Individual measures of SES included education and household income. Analysis. Weighted multivariate linear and Poisson regression were used to estimate effects. Results. The relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and alcohol consumption varied by SES. Those with lower household incomes who consumed five or more servings of fruits and vegetables per day were less likely to engage in binge drinking relative to those consuming zero to one servings of fruits and vegetables per day (risk ratio = .66; 95% confidence interval: .46, .95). No association was observed for higher–household-income individuals. Conclusion. We observed an inverse relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption and alcohol intake in those with lower household incomes but not in those with higher household incomes. Results suggest that the relationship between diet and alcohol consumption may be more relevant in populations with more restricted economic choices. Results are, however, based on cross-sectional data.
Mobility Assisted Coverage Restoration Scheme in Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, we have examined the problem of simultaneous failure of sensors within the wireless sensor networks (WSN), whereby the sensors failures are due to malfunction or electrical faults. We have proposed a mobility assisted coverage restoration algorithm, which restores the coverage of the failed sensors without adding new sensors. The proposed algorithm follows two phases; clustering and restoration. The clustering phase groups the failed sensors with their proximity, and then it relocates them into cluster. The restoration phase moves the nearby active sensor with higher energy to the center of the cluster of failed sensors and doubles its sensing area to restore the coverage. The restoration scheme exploits the mobility of the sensors to form clusters of failed sensor, which reduce the number of restoring sensors, thereby prolonging the lifespan of the network. Experimental results indicate that for a small size WSN comprising of 25 nodes and nine nodes of it failing simultaneously, our restoration algorithm is able to increase the coverage area from 34% to 86% at the expense of small reduction in the lifespan estimated to be 24% of the network.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate enhances satellite cell activation in dystrophic muscles through a S 1 PR 2 / STAT 3 signaling pathway

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) activates a widely expressed family of G protein-coupled receptors, serves as a muscle trophic factor and activates muscle stem cells called satellite cells (SCs) through unknown mechanisms. Here we show that muscle injury induces dynamic changes in S1P signaling and metabolism in vivo. These changes include early and profound induction of the gene encoding the S1P biosynthetic enzyme SphK1, followed by induction of the catabolic enzyme sphingosine phosphate lyase (SPL) 3 days later. These changes correlate with a transient increase in circulating S1P levels after muscle injury. We show a specific requirement for SphK1 to support efficient muscle regeneration and SC proliferation and differentiation. Mdx mice, which serve as a model for muscular dystrophy (MD), were found to be S1P-deficient and exhibited muscle SPL upregulation, suggesting that S1P catabolism is enhanced in dystrophic muscle. Pharmacological SPL inhibition increased muscle S1P levels, improved mdx muscle regeneration and enhanced SC proliferation via S1P receptor 2 (S1PR2)-dependent inhibition of Rac1, thereby activating Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3), a central player in inflammatory signaling. STAT3 activation resulted in p21 and p27 downregulation in a S1PR2-dependent fashion in myoblasts. Our findings suggest that S1P promotes SC progression through the cell cycle by repression of cell cycle inhibitors via S1PR2/STAT3-dependent signaling and that SPL inhibition may provide a therapeutic strategy for MD. Citation: Loh KC, Leong W-I, Carlson ME, Oskouian B, Kumar A, et al. (2012) Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Enhances Satellite Cell Activation in Dystrophic Muscles through a S1PR2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. PLoS ONE 7(5): e37218. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0037218 Editor: Claude Beaudoin, Blaise Pascal University, France Received December 20, 2011; Accepted April 15, 2012; Published May 14, 2012 This is an open-access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication. Funding: This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants GM66954 and CA77528 (JDS), 5T32CA009041 (WIL), NIH 5R24HD050846-06 (EPH) and CIRM TG2-01164 (KCL), and grants from the Muscular Dystrophy Association USA (EPH and JDS). This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Programs of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (RLP). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: jsaba@chori.org . These authors contributed equally to this work
Management of Complications of Prostate Cancer Treatment

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed noncutaneous cancer in men in the United States. Treatment of men with prostate cancer commonly involves surgical, radiation, or hormone therapy. Most men with prostate cancer live for many years after diagnosis and may never suffer morbidity or mortality attributable to prostate cancer. The short‐term and long‐term adverse consequences of therapy are, therefore, of great importance. Adverse effects of radical prostatectomy include immediate postoperative complications and long‐term urinary and sexual complications. External beam or interstitial radiation therapy in men with localized prostate cancer may lead to urinary, gastrointestinal, and sexual complications. Improvements in surgical and radiation techniques have reduced the incidence of many of these complications. Hormone treatment typically consists of androgen deprivation therapy, and consequences of such therapy may include vasomotor flushing, anemia, and bone density loss. Numerous clinical trials have studied the role of bone antiresorptive therapy for prevention of bone density loss and fractures. Other long‐term consequences of androgen deprivation therapy may include adverse body composition changes and increased risk of insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Ongoing and planned clinical trials will continue to address strategies to prevent treatment‐related side effects and improve quality of life for men with prostate cancer.
Identifying auditory attention with ear-EEG: cEEGrid versus high-density cap-EEG comparison

Objective. This study presents a direct comparison of a classical EEG cap setup with a new around-the-ear electrode array (cEEGrid) to gain a better understanding of the potential of ear-centered EEG. Approach. Concurrent EEG was recorded from a classical scalp EEG cap and two cEEGrids that were placed around the left and the right ear. Twenty participants performed a spatial auditory attention task in which three sound streams were presented simultaneously. The sound streams were three seconds long and differed in the direction of origin (front, left, right) and the number of beats (3, 4, 5 respectively), as well as the timbre and pitch. The participants had to attend to either the left or the right sound stream. Main results. We found clear attention modulated ERP effects reflecting the attended sound stream for both electrode setups, which agreed in morphology and effect size. A single-trial template matching classification showed that the direction of attention could be decoded significantly above chance (50%) for at least 16 out of 20 participants for both systems. The comparably high classification results of the single trial analysis underline the quality of the signal recorded with the cEEGrids. Significance. These findings are further evidence for the feasibility of around the-ear EEG recordings and demonstrate that well described ERPs can be measured. We conclude that concealed behind-the-ear EEG recordings can be an alternative to classical cap EEG acquisition for auditory attention monitoring.