Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adsorption of Macromolecules on Mineral Fibers

Several mineral fibers were shown to adsorb differentially to three classes of biologically significant macromolecules (i.e., DNA, RNA, and protein). The cytotoxicity exerted by the particulates on a normal human fibroblast cell line, with the exception of attapulgite, correlated positively with the degree of macromolecular adsorption exhibited by these substances, namely: short chrysotile > attapulgite = intermediate chrysotile > amosite > glass fiber. Correspondingly, the ability to interfere with the enzymatic hydrolysis of deoxyribonucleic acid by bovine pancreatic deoxyribonuclease I followed a similar pattern, i.e., chrysotile > amosite = glass fiber. The results suggest that adsorption by mineral fibers may induce changes in enzyme-substrate interactions and therefore could interfere with normal biological processes.
Home range estimates for three North American stream fishes

We estimated home ranges of three fish species inhabiting a fourth order stream in the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina. Individuals were uniquely marked with a subcutaneous injection of acrylic paint. Cottus bairdi, Rhinichthys cataractae and Clinostomusfunduloides moved an average of 12.9, 13.4, and 19.3 m respectively, between captures. Mean time interval between captures was 128 d; 86% of recaptures were in the stream section of previous capture. Individuals may not have moved throughout the entire section length (mean length 10.4 m); thus, these values likely overestimate actual movements.
X. On Isoëtes japonica, A. Br.

Summary The trilobed caudex of Isoetes japonica consists of two distinct structures, viz. Stem and Rhizophore, to which the leaves and roots are respectively attached; but owing to the stunted growth of the plant, all external morphological differentiation between the two organs has been completely lost. Stem. —The stem-apex has the form of a conical mass of tissue situated at the base of the funnel-shaped depression in the cortex. In this protuberance no definite apical cell can be distinguished. Primary xylem, phloem, and cortex are differentiated from the primary meristem of the stem. The eauline primary vascular axis is a non-medullated monostele. Primary phloem, in which true sieve-tubes occur, surrounds the central xylem-core. An endophytic mycorrhiza is found in the peripheral cells of the primary cortex. The cambium, which arises very early from the outermost layer of the plerome, cuts off secondary cortex externally and secondary phloem internally. Sieve-tubes with sieve-areas of the typical cryptogamic type occur both in the primary and in the secondary phloem, and are continuous with those of the leaf-traces. No secondary xylem is formed in Isoetes japonica. Rhizophore. —The roots, the vascular bundles of which are collateral with usually endarch protoxylem, are arranged in acropetal series upon a distinct root-bearing organ, the rhizophore, which in this genus must be regarded as an organ sui generis. The primary growth of the rhizophore proceeds from a primary meristem situated along three radiating lines which correspond to the main fissures in the caudex. The primary and secondary tissues of the rhizophore are essentially similar to the corresponding tissues of the stem. Leaf. —The protoxylem of the collateral vascular bundle is exarch in the lamina, but becomes mesarch in the sporangial region of the leaf. True sieve-tubes occur in the phloem of the leaf. The ligule is very well developed in Isoetes japonica. It has a protective function; the young ligule envelops the younger leaves and also secretes mucilage. Systematic. —The species of Isoetes can be grouped together under two sections, Eu-Isoetes and Cephaloceraton. Isoetes occupies an isolated position amongst recent Vascular Cryptogams, and is regarded as the sole living representative of the Class Isoetales. In conclusion, we wish to express our thanks to Professor J. B. Earmer, F.R. S. , for his valuable advice and kindly criticism throughout the course of this investigation.
The use of allozyme electrophoresis in invertebrate systematics

The role of enzyme electrophoresis is discussed as it applies to taxonomy and systematics. particularly of invertebrates. Details are given of methods for distinguishing and identifying cryptic or sibling species and the different approaches to sympatric and allopatric populations are reviewed. The calculation and uses of genetic distance measures are outlined. as are the empirical relationship of such measures to different levels of taxonomic separation. Defficulties. drawbacks and limitations of the technique are explained together with the advantages. Evidence for molecular clocks is outlined briefly and their role in systematic studies is discussed, as are methods of analysing genetic divergence data for systematic purposes. References to studies covering a wide range of invertebrate taxa are tabulated.
A Review of Geological Applications of High-Spatial-Resolution Remote Sensing Data

Geologists employ high-spatial-resolution (HR) remote sensing (RS) data for many diverse applications as they effectively reflect detailed geological information, enabling high-quality and efficient geological surveys. Applications of HR RS data to geological and related fields have grown recently. HR optical remote sensing data are widely used in geological hazard assessment, seismic monitoring, mineral exploitation, glacier monitoring, and mineral information extraction due to high accuracy and clear object features. By reviewing these applications, we can better understand the results of previous studies and more effectively use the latest data and methods to efficiently extract key geological information. Compared with optical satellite images, synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) images are stereoscopic and exhibit clear relief, strong performance, and good detection of terrain, landforms, and other information. SAR images have been applied to seismic mechanism research, volcanic monitoring, topographic deformation, and fault analysis. Furthermore, a multi-standard maturity analysis of the geological applications of HR images reveals that optical remote sensing data are superior to radar data for mining, geological disaster, lithologic, and volcanic applications, but inferior for earthquake, glacial, and fault applications. Therefore, it is necessary for geological remote sensing research to be truly multi-disciplinary or inter-disciplinary, ensuring more detailed and efficient surveys through cross-linking with other disciplines. Moreover, the recent application of deep learning technology to remote sensing data extraction has improved the capabilities of automatic processing and data analysis with HR images.
Phylogeography of the subterranean rodent Ctenomys torquatus: an evaluation of the riverine barrier hypothesis

Subterranean rodents of the genus Ctenomys are widespread in open habitats; the collared tuco‐tuco, C. torquatus, has a wide range crossed by large water‐courses. Based on a phylogeographical approach to investigate the riverine barrier hypothesis, we evaluated the strength of a river as a barrier and characterized the effect of large rivers in structuring distinct populations of the collared tuco‐tuco.
Hydrogeologic monitoring of the Paraíba do Sul river floodplain area subject to sand mining in the Tremembé municipality, SP, Brazil

To characterize the geological, hydrogeological, hydrochemical, and hydrobacterial aspects of the surface and groundwater in the floodplain of the Paraiba do Sul river in Tremembe municipality, the water levels of the Quaternary sedimentary aquifer experimental site was monitored based on four wells and eight associated piezometers with daily measures of water levels in continuous operation since December 3, 2009. In addition, data from a modular weather station in operation since March 2010 and data from the quality of surface water and groundwater have been analyzed in the period between March 2010 and March 2011. The water balance between April 2010 and March 2011 was estimated to verify the periods of water deficiency and excess. Data loggers installed in the piezometers enabled daily groundwater levels monitoring to establish the influence of the Paraiba do Sul river in the water levels of the Quaternary sedimentary aquifer and also they allowed the determination of the water loss to the atmosphere. A hydrogeological model with simplified equations, based on hydraulics parameters obtained in the wells pump tests, was implemented to calculate the amount of daily evapotranspiration and the average distance of the water loss from the wells to the atmosphere. An evaporation rate of 83.4 m 3 /h from the open-pit sand mine located at 212.2 m and of 89.2 m 3 /h for the one at 885.0 m average distance from the monitoring wells were observed. Chemical and bacteriological analysis involving multiple parameters were performed in the period from March 2010 to March 2011 in groundwater collected in wells, in the open-pit mines and in the waters of the Paraiba do Sul river. The results allowed to observe the influences of the Paraiba do Sul river as well as the contamination from fertilizers and pesticides from the agriculture practiced in the floodplain area on the quality of the groundwater.
Financial distress prediction for listed enterprises using Fuzzy C-Means

Enterprise financial distress prediction model is an important tool for enterprise risk management. Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) model is more suitable for the classification calculation in reality because of introducing the fuzzy membership. This article adopts the FCM model to predict financial distress. In the experiment, 90 distressed enterprises and 90 normal enterprises were selected as samples, which are all from the same time and the same industry in Chinese Shenzhen and Shanghai Stock Exchange, and 12 financial indicators of these enterprises as a sample dataset. After the data are pre-processed, we identified 11 financial indicators with a significant difference to make the financial distress prediction. Last, it can be concluded based on the FCM results that the performance is better in the case of distressed enterprises.
Medicago ciliaris growing in Tunisian soils is preferentially nodulated by Sinorhizobium medicae

Variation in growth of Medicago ciliaris was recorded across soils from 5 different regions in Tunisia that represented different soil types and climatic zones. In 4 of these soils (Mateur, Enfidha, Rhayet, and Soliman) this variation appeared to be related to the nodule number on the roots of the plants. With the exception of one isolate the rhizobia isolated from these nodules had 16S rRNA PCR-RFLP fingerprint patterns that were characteristic of Sinorhizobium medicae. Plant growth in the fifth soil (Jelma) was the poorest; plants had few nodules that yielded exclusively rhizobia with 16S rRNA fingerprint patterns characteristic of S. meliloti. In subsequent plant tests, S. medicae isolates formed effective nitrogen fixation symbioses with M. ciliaris, while S. meliloti formed small, white, ineffective nodules. Therefore, plant growth in Jelma soil was poor because only S. meliloti are present and this species is ineffective with M. ciliaris. In a co-inoculation experiment with M. ciliaris, S. medicae was more competitive for nodulation than S. meliloti, perhaps explaining why the majority of the isolates from Enfidha and Rhayet were S. medicae, since S. meliloti is present in these soils. However, it is not clear how the host influences rhizobia for nodulation by S. medicae in preference to S. meliloti when present.
Contrasting Patch Residence Strategy in Two Species of Sit‐and‐Wait Foragers Under the Same Environment: A Constraint by Life History?

The present study explored the significance of life history constraints on patch residence strategy by using two congeneric web spider species living in the same habitat. Nephila maculata had a large body size but had a shorter developmental period compared with N. clavata, indicating that N. maculata should have a greater foraging efficiency to reach maturity and reproduce. Residence time at web-sites in N. maculata was shorter than that in N. clavata, irrespective of the season. However, supplementation of food to N. maculata increased residence time, suggesting that it searches web-sites with higher prey intake. Investment of web materials, an important trait influencing web relocation frequency, was not greater in N. maculata. In addition, microhabitat and prey size did not differ significantly after controlling for the effect of body size. Because N. maculata needs to attain a large body size in a shorter period of time, this species appears to take a risk of moving patches to seek high quality web-sites.
Development of antimicrobial packaging materials with immobilized glucose oxidase and lysozyme

AbstractPackaging based on immobilization of antimicrobial enzymes provides a promising form of active packaging systems applicable in food processing. Glucose oxidase and lysozyme were immobilized by the Ugi reaction with cyclohexyl isocyanide and glutaraldehyde on polyamide and ionomer films partially hydrolysed by hydrochloric acid. The immobilization of the enzymes on the surface of films was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy and the films were characterized by the specific activity of the immobilized enzymes. The enzyme migration into model solutions and the effect of pH, temperature and storage time on the activity of immobilized enzyme were also evaluated. Immobilization of lysozyme onto polyamide and ionomer films resulted in the loss of enzyme activity. The polyamide and ionomer films with immobilized glucose oxidase inhibited the growth of bacteria Escherichia coli CNCTC 6859, Pseudomonas fluorescens CNCTC 5793, Lactobacillus helveticus CH-1, Listeria ivanovii CCM 5884 and Listeria innocua CCM 4030 on agar media.
Within-tree variation in phloem cell dimensions and proportions in Eucalyptus globulus.

The axial variation of bark thickness and quantitative anatomical features of Eucalyptus globulus bark were analysed for one site based on individual measurements of ten 15-year-old trees at six height levels (DBH, 5%, 15%, 35%, 55% and 75% of total tree height). The parameters studied were: length, tangential diameter and percentage of sieve tubes; length, width, cell wall thickness and percentage of fibres; height and percentage of rays; percentage of sclereids in the secondary phloem. Bark thickness decreases from base to top of the tree. Fibre width and wall thickness decrease from base upwards. No distinct axial patterns of variation were observed for the other biometric variables studied. Parenchyma is the main cell type of the bark (50%) followed by fibres (27.9%), rays (12.1%), sieve tubes (2.7%), and sclereids (7.3%). The cell type proportions vary significantly within the tree, i.e., parenchyma, ray and sclereid proportions decrease, fibre and sieve tube proportions increase towards the top of the tree.
Transmural Action Potential Repolarization Heterogeneity Develops Postnatally in the Rabbit

Introduction: In the hereditary long QT syndrome, arrhythmia risk changes with age despite the presence of an ion channel mutation throughout development. Age‐dependent changes in the transmural dispersion of repolarization may modulate this vulnerability. We recorded cardiac action potentials in infant, periadolescent, and adult rabbit myocardium to determine if transmural heterogeneities in repolarization are developmentally determined.
Belowground biomass dynamics in the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector: recent improvements and implications for the estimation of NPP and NEP

In the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS2), root biomass and dynamics are estimated using regression equations based on the literature. A recent analysis showed that some of these equations might overestimate belowground net primary production (NPPB). The objectives of this study were to update the compilation of root biomass and turnover data, to recalculate the regression equations and to evaluate the impact of the new equations on CBM-CFS2 estimates of net primary production (NPP) and net ecosystem production (NEP). We updated all equations based on 635 pairs of aboveground and belowground data compiled from published studies in the cold temperate and boreal forests. The new parameter for the equation to predict total root biomass for softwood species changed only slightly, but the changes for hardwood species were statistically significant. A new equation form, which improved the accuracy and biological interpretation, was used to predict fine root biomass as a proportion of t.
Purification and Gene Cloning of Catalase from Staphylococcus warneri ISK-1

To investigate the possibility of applying staphylococcal catalase to eliminate H2O2 in lactic acid fermentation, an intracellular catalase from Staphylococcus warneri ISK-1 which exhibited high catalase activity was purified to homogeneity in a six-step purification procedure. The subunit molecular mass of the purified enzyme determined under denaturing conditions was 64,000. The absorption spectrum of the catalase showed a soret band at 406 nm, indicating that the enzyme is a heme protein. Km and Vmax of the catalase for H2O2 were 59 mM and 42,700 U/mg, respectively. The catalase showed a broad optimum pH (5.5–9.5) and stability to organic solvents. We cloned a catalase gene from S. warneri ISK-1 genome. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a 2.2-kb DNA fragment revealed an open reading frame of 1515 bp, called katA, encoding a protein of 504 amino acid residues. The predicted amino acid sequence showed a high homology with other typical catalases. No similarities to bacterial catalase-peroxidase type enzymes were found.
A review of the genus Semiocladius sublette et wirth, 1980 (Diptera: Chironomidae)

A generic diagnosis for the genus Semiocladius Sublette et Wirth and a key to the male imagines is given. The systematic position of the genus is close to Thalassosmittia Strenzke et Remmert based on imagines and pupa while the tentatively associated larva possibly could belong to another genus with marine larvae. Semiocladius crassipennis (Skuse), S. endocladiae (Tokunaga) and S. brevicornis (Tokunaga) are redescribed in both sexes, and the presumptive larva of 5. kuscheli Sublette et Wirth redescribed. A pupa collected from Lord Howe Island in the Western Pacific Ocean is described, illustrated and tentatively assigned to the genus. The generic diagnosis for pupae is expanded to include this species.
Sex Ratio of Inquiline Wasps on Cynipid Oak Galls in Relation to Gall Characteristics

Abstract We examined the effects of host quality (as measured by gall size) and local mate competition (LMC) on the sex ratio of inquilines emerging from cynipid oak galls. In the galls of Trigonaspis sp. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), which were solitarily parasitized by the inquiline, the proportion of males decreased significantly with increasing gall size. Large galls produced large inquiline females and large numbers of offspring, but gall size did not affect mortality rate. In the galls of Cynipidae sp. 1 and sp. 2, which were parasitized by the inquilines either solitarily or gregariously, the overall sex ratio was female biased, and it did not change with increasing number of inquilines emerging from a single gall. Thus, in these galls, LMC is likely to have little effect on the sex ratio of the inquiline. The inquiline seems to manipulate its offspring sex ratio only in accordance with gall size.
A comparative analysis of basic helix-loop-helix proteins, AtPTF1 and NtWIN4, with reference to plastid localization

Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins constitute one of the most abundant types of transcription factor in both plants and animals. They are considered to be localized in the nucleus, but recent surveys have revealed two exceptions, NtWIN4 from tobacco and AtPTF1 from Arabidopsis, both reported to localize to plastids. Their specific subcellular localization was suggested to be the result of structural change, whose analysis might provide clues to understanding protein evolution. Consequently we performed comparative analyses on localization features of both NtWIN4 and AtPTF1 using GFP-tagged fusion proteins. While epifluorescence from NtWIN4-GFP was clearly observed in plastids, that from AtPTF1-GFP was unexpectedly seen only in nuclei. Subsequent transcription assays using a dual-luciferase system indicated that AtPTF1 possesses clear nuclear transcriptional repression activity. It is concluded that, in contrast to the previous paradigm, AtPTF1 is a nuclear transcriptional repressor, and therefore that NtWIN4 is the only non-nucleus resident bHLH protein.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness Predicts Higher Inhibitory Control in Patients With Substance Use Disorder

Introducao: O controle inibitorio prejudicado foi demonstrado em individuos com transtorno de uso de substâncias (SUD), enquanto a aptidao cardiorrespiratoria pode atenuar esses efeitos prejudiciais. Objetivos: investigar a relacao da aptidao cardiorrespiratoria com a controle inibitorio especifico de drogas em individuos com SUD. Metodos: 62 participantes do sexo masculino em tratamento para o SUD realizaram um teste de controle inibitorio geral e farmacologica (go/no Go) e um teste de aptidao cardiorrespiratoria. Resultados: a aptidao cardiorrespiratoria, a idade e o tempo de uso da substância foram inversamente associadas ao tempo de reacao tanto para o geral (r =-0,430, p < 0,001) quanto para o controle inibitorio especifico de drogas (r =-0,472, p < 0,001). Alem disso, as regressoes mostram que a aptidao cardiorrespiratoria prediz geral [F (6,6; 3); t =-3, 6; β =-0,415; p < 0, 3] e controle inibitorio especifico de uso de drogas [F (8,7; 3); t =-3,22; β =-0,420; p < 0, 2], ajustado para idade e tempo de uso de drogas. Conclusoes: esses achados sugerem que o aumento da aptidao cardiorrespiratoria poderia proporcionar beneficios na funcao cognitiva em individuos com SUD.
Multivariate Niche Analysis with Temporally Varying Environmental Factors

Data consisting of samples of species' presences in association with measurements on a set of environmental variables can be used to determine environmental factors separating the species. It the multiple discriminant model is modified by a covariance extraction of time effects applied to the within—species, and total, deviation squares and cross products matrices prior to the discriminant analysis, then temporally varying environmental parameters can be included. If the distribution of sampling in space is consistent over time, then factors separating the species in time, as well as in space, can be determined; if it is not, then separation in space can still be determined even if the samples were collected at different times. The multiple discriminant model is analogous to the Hutchinsonian niche model; its use is illustrated with artificial data, and it is then applied to data from a benthic stream community to demonstrate heterogeneity of niche sizes, and separation of species' niches in space and in time by different environmental factors related to substrate type and water depth. Trophically similar species are more environmentally separated than are trophically different species; the separation is spatial for herbivore—detritivores, and temporal for carnivores.
New record of a euphausiid ectoparasitic isopod, Heterophryxus appendiculatus G. O. Sars, 1885 (Crustacea: Dajidae) from Japan

ABSTRACT The euphausiid ectoparasitic isopod, Heterophryxus appendiculatus G. O. Sars, 1885, is recorded for the first time from the Pacific Ocean, based on specimens collected from off the Nansei Islands, Japan. This species is distinguished from other congeners by the nearly straight frontal margin of the cephalon. This study provides additional information on this species, including a new host, description, coloration, and scanning electron micrographs.