Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Considerations for the Use of Captive-Reared Delta Smelt for Species Recovery and Research

Author(s): Lessard, JoAnna; Cavallo, Brad; Anders, Paul; Sommer, Ted; Schreier, Brian; Gille, Daphne; Schreier, Andrea; Finger, Amanda; Hung, Tien-Chieh; Hobbs, James; May, Bernie; Schultz, Andrew; Burgess, Oliver; Clarke, Robert | Abstract: An extreme decline in Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) abundance has led to a number of management actions to support this endangered species, including the development and refinement of culture techniques and the creation of a refuge population. The wild Delta Smelt population has diminished to the point that many in the scientific community believe population supplementation using cultured fish needs to be experimentally evaluated as a possible management tool. Concerns about supplementation include the effectiveness of this action, and its potential to divert attention and funding from other needed management actions such as habitat restoration. Here, we describe the outcomes of a 2-day workshop that described the current refuge population, and identified key issues for potential future use of cultured Delta Smelt for research and management. Expanded use of cultured Delta Smelt is controversial and requires consideration for complexities that include legal constraints and permitting requirements. Developing policies that allow for in situ experiments using cultured Delta Smelt appears to be a precursor for advancing policies that might allow supplementation actions. Releases of cultured fish, either experimentally or as a management action, clearly need to be conducted within an adaptive management program that is integrated with other strategies, including habitat restoration. We describe a general framework for evaluating the potential risks of supplementation and include suggestions for how to reduce risks and uncertainty. Overall, we conclude there is sufficient baseline information about Delta Smelt and the existing culture program to proceed with targeted field research that utilizes cultured fish. Finally, given the dire status of this species, we conclude that rapid progress toward the development of a viable and testable supplementation program must be a priority for Delta Smelt conservation.
Reaction of ginger cultivars against rhizome fly, Mimegralla coeruleifrons and its management

Among different ginger cultivars evaluated at College of Horticulture, Bidar, Karnataka, India during 2013 and 2014for their reaction to rhizome fly, Mimegralla coeruleifrons Macquart (Micropezidae: Diptera),the cultivars and breadth in infested rhizomes and highest weight of the rhizome (infested and healthy) and yield. The treatment (Application of neem Cake @800 kg/acre at the time planting + ginger seed treatment with chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 2ml/l of water and drenching with same dose of chlorpyriphos) recorded highest plant stand,tillers/clump, plant height and rhizome yield during.
Didactic Symbol of Visual Images in EFL Textbook: Multi-modal Critical Discourse Analysis

The textbook plays an essential role for students in the teaching and learning process. Imagery, combined with texts in the textbook, makes subjects easy to understand. Images are generally used to convey things we can't tell in the text. Visual images help students make sense of output and input around them. This study investigates the representation of the visual image in the EFL textbook proposed by using a multimodal discourse analysis method. The researcher used the framework from Kress van Leeuwen. Information from all visual images consist of 158 images in the Indonesian EFL textbook is collected as the data in this study. The results showed that females (70%) portions were more commonly portrayed than males ( 30%). In terms of social roles, females have the same proportion of occupations as males. In terms of image appearance, the foreign and Indonesian cultures portrayed to show the tolerance culture. This study aims to explore the meaning of the integrated use of semiotic resources, such as visual image representation in the textbook. The researcher expected students and teachers as textbook users could increase their understanding with the subject of teaching and learning by interpreting the visual images effectively. This study recommends to the textbook user that visual images appearances can strengthen the text or written material in the textbook. Also, it suggests textbook publishers be more concerned and synchronize between the written content and the visual representation portrayed not to occur misinterpretation among the textbook users.
WS2 Nanosheet/Graphene Heterostructures for Paper-Based Flexible Photodetectors

We report a low-cost and green synthesis approach to produce high-performance optoelectronics based on WS2-decorated pencil trace on ordinary cellulose paper. It is noteworthy that the photodetector was prepared via simply nontoxic solution-processed WS2 nanosheets, pencil-drawn graphene conducting films, and biodegradable papers. Portable and flexible electronics based on WS2/graphene show excellent photoresponse in a broad spectral region from visible to near IR because of plasmonic improvement and efficient photoabsorption. Liquid-phase-exfoliated atomically thin WS2 nanosheets were decorated on a conducting film of pencil trace using the large area electrophoretic deposition technique. The photodetector based on the WS2/graphene heterostructure shows excellent temporal photoresponse with a responsivity of 0.439 A/W, a detectivity of 1.41 × 1010 Jones, and an external quantum efficiency of 81.39%. The high-performance photodetector shows piezoresistive modulation in electric transport. The device response was investigated up to 500 bending cycles. Finally, the present finding advocates the great development over previously reported nonbiodegradable and small-area optoelectronic devices.
Dimensions of Phyllostomid Bat Diversity and Assemblage Composition in a Tropical Forest-Agricultural Landscape

Tropical rainforests are suffering rapid habitat loss with large extensions of land transformed into agriculture. We wanted to know whether the type of agricultural activity in forest-agricultural landscapes affects how species composition as well as taxonomic and functional dimensions of diversity respond. We worked in the Amazon forests of southeast Peru and used bats as model organisms. We sampled mosaics characterized by forest adjacent to papaya plantations or cattle pastures. At each sampling site we established a transect in each of the three different vegetation types: forest interior, forest edge and agricultural land. We found that vegetation type was a better predictor of species composition than the type of agricultural land present. Vegetation structure characteristics explained differences in bat species composition between forest interior and edge. Agricultural land type chosen was not irrelevant as we found higher estimated species richness in papaya than in pasture sites. Agricultural land type present in a site and vegetation type affected functional diversity, with both agricultural land types showing a lower number of functionally distinct species than forests. We found papaya plantation sites showed species more evenly dispersed in trait space, suggesting they do better at conserving functional diversity when compared to cattle pasture sites. We demonstrate that sites that harbor agricultural activities can maintain a considerable proportion of the expected bat diversity. We note that this region still has large tracts of intact forest adjacent to agricultural lands, which may explain their ability to maintain relatively high levels bat diversity.
Recent northward range extension of Nerita yoldii (Gastropoda: Neritidae) on artificial rocky shores in China

Extensive coastal infrastructures built along the Chinese coastline have effectively created a new marine ‘Great Wall’ that has had a significant effect on the biogeography of intertidal species in the region by creating new habitat for colonization. Recent colonization by Nerita yoldii of the artificial rocky shores in the Yangtze River Delta has contributed to a northward shift of this species’ range. Here, we study the range expansion and phylogeographic pattern of this species. Our four-year field survey showed a northward range expansion of N. yoldii on the artificial rocky shores. A phylogeographic analysis of populations from both artificial and natural rocky shores showed lower genetic diversity and fewer private haplotypes in newly colonized artificial shore populations. All the populations were clustered into three groups, one consisting of the three southernmost natural rocky-shore populations, a second that included all but one of the artificial-substrate populations and the two northernmost natural rocky-shore populations, and a third that included the offshore artificial-island population. These results indicate that N. yoldii has rapidly expanded its northern distribution limit and that the coastal artificial structures, together with increasing SST in the Yangtze River Delta, have played a crucial role in this range expansion.
Cost sharing methods for capacity restricted cooperative purchasing situations

This paper analyzes capacity restricted cooperative purchasing (CRCP) situations in which a group of cooperating purchasers face two suppliers with limited supply capacity. To minimize the total purchasing costs, we show that two extreme policies have to be compared: order everything at one supplier and the possible remainder at the other. Interestingly, as order quantities increase, various policy switches can occur. To find suitable cost allocations of the total purchasing costs, we model a CRCP-situation as a cost sharing problem. As increasing order quantities also imply concavity breaks due to a forced change in supplier, the corresponding cost function is piecewise concave. For cost sharing problems with concave cost functions, we show that the serial cost sharing mechanism satisfies two desirable properties, unit cost monotonicity (UCM) and monotonic vulnerability for the absence of the smallest player (MOVASP) . However, these properties are lost in the setting of piecewise concave cost functions. We develop a new context specific class of piecewise serial rules based on claims rules. We show that the proportional rule is the only claims rule for which the corresponding piecewise serial rule satisfies UCM. Moreover, the piecewise serial rule corresponding to the constrained equal losses rule satisfies MOVASP.
The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Abudefduf Bengalensis (Perciformes; Pomacentridae)

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome of marine fish Abudefduf bengalensis was sequenced by the high throughput sequencing method. The genome of this species is 16,776 bp in length, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes and one large non-coding region. The gene arrangement of A. bengalensis is identical to that of other common fishes. Phylogenetic tree based on 13 protein-coding genes shows that the clade of genus Abudefduf has a closer phylogenetic relationship to the lineage of genus Amphiprion and Premnas biaculeatus than to Labracinus cyclophthalmus.
Target and Leverage Adjustment Speed: Evidence on Manufacturing Companies in Indonesia

The aim of this research is to test the adjustment speed of the target and leverage the company. Company registered on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in that period from 2014 to 2018, is the object of this research, particularly in terms of testing the factors that affect the adjustment speed toward target leverage. This study used a sample of 66 companies manufacturing forming observation. This research uses a dynamic approach that takes into account the possibility of deviation between the actual leverage ratio with the targeted leverage ratio of the company. The results showed that the profitability variable has no significant effect on the adjustment speed, while the variable of company size, distance, and current liabilities to total liabilities ratio negatively and significantly affect the adjustment speed. KeywordsTarget of Leverage, The adjustment speed, Indonesia Stock Exchange.
Deep Learning Based Human Emotional State Recognition in a Video

Human emotions play significant role in everyday life. There are a lot of applications of automatic emotion recognition in medicine, e-learning, monitoring, marketing etc. In this paper the method and neural network architecture for real-time human emotion recognition by audio-visual data are proposed. To classify one of seven emotions, deep neural networks, namely, convolutional and recurrent neural networks are used. Visual information is represented by a sequence of 16 frames of 96 × 96 pixels, and audio information - by 140 features for each of a sequence of 37 temporal windows. To reduce the number of audio features autoencoder was used. Audio information in conjunction with visual one is shown to increase recognition accuracy up to 12%. The developed system being not demanding to be computing resources is dynamic in terms of selection of parameters, reducing or increasing the number of emotion classes, as well as the ability to easily add, accumulate and use information from other external devices for further improvement of classification accuracy.
Selective Laser Melting of Aluminum and Titanium Matrix Composites: Recent Progress and Potential Applications in the Aerospace Industry

Selective laser melting (SLM) is a near-net-shape time- and cost-effective manufacturing technique, which can create strong and efficient components with potential applications in the aerospace industry. To meet the requirements of the growing aerospace industrial demands, lighter materials with enhanced mechanical properties are of the utmost need. Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are extraordinary engineering materials with tailorable properties, bilaterally benefiting from the desired properties of reinforcement and matrix constituents. Among a wide range of MMCs currently available, aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) and titanium matrix composites (TMCs) are highly potential candidates for aerospace applications owing to their outstanding strength-to-weight ratio. However, the feasibility of SLM-fabricated composites utilization in aerospace applications is still challenging. This review addresses the SLM of AMCs/TMCs by considering the processability (densification level) and microstructural evolutions as the most significant factors determining the mechanical properties of the final part. The mechanical properties of fabricated MMCs are assessed in terms of hardness, tensile/compressive strength, ductility, and wear resistance, and are compared to their monolithic states. The knowledge gained from process–microstructure–mechanical properties relationship investigations can pave the way to make the existing materials better and invent new materials compatible with growing aerospace industrial demands.
Whole Organ Engineering: Approaches, Challenges, and Future Directions

Featured Application: The speciﬁc application of this review article is for the advancement of commercially translatable technologies in the ﬁeld of whole organ engineering. Abstract: End-stage organ failure remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the globe. The only curative treatment option currently available for patients diagnosed with end-stage organ failure is organ transplantation. However, due to a critical shortage of organs, only a fraction of these patients are able to receive a viable organ transplantation. Those patients fortunate enough to receive a transplant must then be subjected to a lifelong regimen of immunosuppressant drugs. The concept of whole organ engineering o ﬀ ers a promising alternative to organ transplantation that overcomes these limitations. Organ engineering is a discipline that merges developmental biology, anatomy, physiology, and cellular interactions with enabling technologies such as advanced biomaterials and biofabrication to create bioartiﬁcial organs that recapitulate native organs in vivo. There have been numerous developments in bioengineering of whole organs over the past two decades. Key technological advancements include (1) methods of whole organ decellularization and recellularization, (2) three-dimensional bioprinting, (3) advanced stem cell technologies, and (4) the ability to genetically modify tissues and cells. These advancements give hope that organ engineering will become a commercial reality in the next decade. In this review article, we describe the foundational principles of whole organ engineering, discuss key technological advances, and provide an overview of current limitations and future directions. This study developed an improved technique for perfusion decellularization that keeps a constant pressure of 120 mmHg in the perfused detergent solution and uses only TX-100 instead of SDS or a combination of SDS and TX-100. The researchers ﬁrst conducted a preliminary study with porcine livers to show the decellularization properties of di ﬀ erent detergent combinations when perfused through the liver vasculature. The preliminary study showed that while SDS is more e ﬀ ective at clearing cells from the tissue, it is a harsh solvent and partially destroys the ECM and GAGs of the livers in the process, which makes it less e ﬀ ective as a biomimetic sca ﬀ old. In contrast, the TX-100 does not damage the ECM and GAGs but does not remove cells e ﬃ ciently enough in oscillating ﬂow conditions. The pressure-controlled TX-100-only method overcame both of the issues with the previous methods. The constant pressure enabled the TX-100 to more e ﬃ ciently clear cells from the tissue, cutting down the decellularization time to 20 h compared to 96 h for the oscillating ﬂow TX-100 protocol, and the use of TX-100-only preserved the ECM and GAGs of the liver tissue. To prove the e ﬀ ectiveness of this procedure, the human liver tissue and whole porcine livers were perfusion recellularized with hepatic cells and the resulting engineered tissues / organs showed high cell viability
Synergistic effect of combined protopanaxatiol and ginsenoside Rh2 on antiproliferative activity in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells in vitro

ABSTRACT Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. The antiproliferative activities of protopanaxatiol (PPT) and ginsenoside Rh2 was measured by evaluating the inhibition of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell proliferation. The two-way combination of PPT and Rh2 was conducted. In the two-way combination, the EC50 values of PPT and Rh2 were 2.3- and 2.2-fold lower, respectively, than those of PPT and Rh2 alone. The combination index (CI) values were 0.55 ± 0.09, 0.65 ± 0.10, 0.79 ± 0.12, and 0.91 ± 0.14 at 50% and 95% inhibition rates. Combined PPT and Rh2 also increased the inhibition of cell invasion and migration compared with individual compounds tested in cell lines. Intracellular signalling array analysis demonstrated that phosphorylated BAD, p53, and p38 proteins were increased. The results indicate that combined PPT and Rh2 exhibits a synergistic effect in MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation.
Validation of exercise-response genes in skeletal muscle cells of Thoroughbred racing horses

Objective To understand the athletic characteristics of Thoroughbreds, high-throughput analysis has been conducted using horse muscle tissue. However, an in vitro system has been lacking for studying and validating genes from in silico data. The aim of this study is to validate genes from differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of our previous RNA-sequencing data in vitro. Also, we investigated the effects of exercise-induced stress including heat, oxidative, hypoxic and cortisol stress on horse skeletal muscle derived cells with the top six upregulated genes of DEGs. Methods Enriched pathway analysis was conducted using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) tool with upregulated genes in horse skeletal muscle tissue after exercise. Among the candidates, the top six genes were analysed through geneMANIA to investigate gene networks. Muscle cells derived from neonatal horse skeletal tissue were maintained and subjected to exercise-related stressors. Transcriptional changes in the top six genes followed by stressors were investigated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results The inflammation response pathway was the most commonly upregulated pathway after horse exercise. Under non-cytotoxic conditions of exercise-related stressors, the transcriptional response of the top six genes was different among types of stress. Oxidative stress yielded the most similar expression pattern to DEGs. Conclusion Our results indicate that transcriptional change after horse exercise in skeletal muscle tissue strongly relates to stress response. The qRT-PCR results showed that stressors contribute differently to the transcriptional regulation. These results would be valuable information to understand horse exercise in the stress aspect.
Potential of Surface Water Gram-negative Bacterial Flora as a Reservoir of Heterogeneous Plasmid and Multi-drug Resistance Phenomenon

Aims: Present study highlights the diversity of Gram-negative bacterial community at surface water and their potential as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes. We also explore the potential of this heterogeneous community to host plasmids of diverse origin. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh during a period from July 2016 to June 2017. Methodology: Water samples were cultured onto MacConkey plates for selective isolation of Gramnegative bacteria and identified according to Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Original Research Article Akter et al.; MRJI, 24(5): 1-11, 2018; Article no.MRJI. 43609 2 Antimicrobial susceptibility was done by disc-diffusion method followed by determination of MIC assay by agar dilution method. Plasmid extraction was done according to the hot alkaline method. Results: A total of 197 representative isolates from 310 water sample culture, 110 were identified as E. coli and 87 as nonE. coli belonged to 14 different species of the genera Escherichia, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Serratia, Proteus, Kluyvera, Obesumbacterium and Yersinia. Susceptibility test showed highest incidence of resistance phenomenon against amoxicillin (66.5%), followed by cefixime (56.8%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (33.5%), ciprofloxacin (20.3%), tetracycline (19.79%) and gentamicin (18.78%). A notable proportion of the isolates (33.9%) showed multi-antibiotic resistance (MAR) phenomenon. The occurrence of MAR phenotype was almost twice (42%) as much as in E. coli population in compared to non-E. coli (22%) population. Plasmid extraction revealed that majority (57%) of the isolates contained plasmids with 59 different profile, incidence and diversity being higher in E. coli population. Conclusion: The study indicates that surface-water Gram-negative bacterial flora is a reservoir of plasmids and multidrug resistance gene. E. coli population seems to be more potential in compared to nonE. coli population as a reservoir of both multi-antibiotic resistance genes and heterogeneous plasmids.