Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human behaviour recognition with mid-level representations for crowd understanding and analysis

Crowd understanding and analysis have received increasing attention for couples of decades, and development of human behaviour recognition strongly supports the application of crowd understanding and analysis. Human behaviour recognition usually seeks to automatically analyse ongoing movements and actions in different camera views by using various machine learning methodologies in unknown video clips or image sequences. Compared to other data modalities such as documents and images, processing video data demands much higher computational and storage resources. The idea of using middle level semantic concepts to represent human actions from videos is explored and it is argued that these semantic attributes enable the construction of more descriptive methods for human action recognition. The mid-level attributes, initialized by a cluster processing, are built upon low level features and fully utilize the discrepancies in different action classes, which can capture the importance of each attribute for each action class. In this way, the representation is constructed to be semantically rich and capable of highly discriminative performance even paired with simple linear classiﬁers. The method is veriﬁed on three challenging datasets (KTH, UCF50 and HMDB51), and the experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves better results than the baseline methods on human action recognition.
Exploring Freelancers’ Intentions to Embrace an Entrepreneurial Career Based on Theory of Planned Behavior

Abstract Entrepreneurial activity is perceived by freelancers in different ways, depending their own experience, values, personal attitudes, social norms and behavior. Consequently, their entrepreneurial intention can be evaluated through theory of planned behavior (TPB). Hypotheses are tested by means of correlations and regression analysis. According to the results, all the relations within the research framework are significant. Even if respondents are aware of their professional experience, which can help them to design and develop business models, most of them are still reluctant to an entrepreneurial career. The findings of this research are useful for the development of motivational strategies that freelancers should acknowledge to think seriously to the advantages of an entrepreneurial career.
Decentralized force and motion control of multiple cooperative manipulators

Decentralized force and motion control of a heavy object with lathing tools, in a cooperative multiple manipulator system is studied in this paper. Interaction of the object with robot manipulators and the environment and interaction of manipulators with each other that produce internal forces in the object are complexities in the system dynamics of cooperative manipulation tasks. In this paper, impedance behaviour between manipulator end-effectors (EE) and the object is developed to achieve springy links that lead to impedance effect between the object and the environment. Then, by focusing on the interaction effects in the system as well as the role of imposed kinematics and force constraints, each manipulator will have its own controller for coordination tasks, environment force regulation and internal forces minimization, without force/torque sensors in the EE. The relevance of the theoretical findings is illustrated using simulation results involving three robots manipulating a common object.
A viability study using conceptual models for last mile drone logistics operations in populated urban cities of India

Usharani Hareesh Govindarajan, Sino US Global Logistics Institute, Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai, China. Email: Hareesh.pillai@sjtu.edu. cn Abstract Emerging Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technologies have been under spotlight worldwide due to a promising spectrum of applications. Despite interesting use‐cases receiving worldwide media attention, drones are expected to have their most significant impact on supply chain and logistics systems in highly populated urban cities once the regulations for commercial purposes are lifted. This article proposes two models of drone‐delivery technology that can serve as a potential replacement in the Indian truck‐ delivery system. First, a drone–truck hybrid delivery model is proposed with trucks carrying multiple drones. Second, a stand‐alone drone‐delivery model is proposed with separate charging infrastructural facilities at specific points. The two proposed models' findings present the advantages of significantly reducing carbon emissions, delivery costs, and time compared to truck‐based delivery. The hybrid drone–truck model eliminates the need for separate charging facilities saving initial infrastructural costs. In contrast, the stand‐alone drone model utilizes the current warehouse location facilities with charging stations on specific points for ease of adoption. This research presents initial viability suggesting that the drone technology can solve the current operational challenges in India's urban cities. Furthermore, vital factors are discussed to enable stakeholders to select a model for drone logistics systems planning and experimentations.
Twelve tips for managing change in medical education

Healthcare systems and organisations are continually exposed to change, and medical educators are increasingly expected to manage change, such as curriculum transformations and educational reforms. However, leading change can often be challenging, and medical educators often lack the resources, knowledge, and skills to successfully manage change initiatives. In managing change, it is important to recognise that organisations do not change, rather it is people that change, one person at a time. However, change can have a destabilising effect on individuals and an approach to support individuals through change is strongly advocated. This article offers twelve tips for managing change using the Prosci ADKAR model for achieving individual change. The article explores how ADKAR can be used as a systematic framework to guide the formulation of change management plans. Finally, the article considers the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic and offers an appraisal of such frameworks and models during a time of unprecedented change and transform.
Switchable Metasurface with VO2 Thin Film at Visible Light by Changing Temperature

We numerically demonstrated switchable metasurfaces using a phase change material, VO2 by temperature change. The Pancharatnam–Berry metasurface was realized by using an array of Au nanorods on top of a thin VO2 film above an Au film, where the optical property of the VO2 film is switched from the insulator phase at low temperature to the metal phase at high temperature. At the optimal structure, polarization conversion efficiency of the normal incident light is about 75% at low temperature while that is less than 0.5% at high temperature in the visible region (λ∼ 700 nm). Various functionalities of switchable metasurfaces were demonstrated such as polarization conversion, beam steering, Fourier hologram, and Fresnel hologram. The thin-VO2-film-based switchable metasurface can be a good candidate for various switchable metasurface devices, for example, temperature dependent optical sensors, beamforming antennas, and display.
Cross-Country Perspective on Reverse Pathway Dynamics Between Teachers’ Self-Efficacy and Job Satisfaction

The purpose of this study was to examine the reverse pathway dynamics between teachers’ self-efficacy and job satisfaction from a cross-country perspective. By recognizing the sparseness of empirical studies on the reciprocal relation between self-referent assessment of capabilities and job satisfaction, a model of reciprocal determinism between teacher self-efficacy and job satisfaction is proposed. The data of 51,782 primary school teachers were analyzed using a non-recursive causal reciprocal structural equation system within the overarching framework of structural equation modeling. The results indicated that teachers’ self-efficacy was reciprocally related to job satisfaction at the individuals’ level. Despite this finding, feedback effects were identified only across seven education systems. Further, it was shown via multigroup structural equation modeling that organizational culture (i.e., education systems) by proxy of the countries was moderating the structural relations among the recursive and non-recursive effects of the model. These findings underscore the importance of self-efficacy in promoting job satisfaction and indicate that more satisfied teachers are characterized also by greater teaching self-efficacy. The results are discussed within the scope of better understanding the relations between these two focal constructs for educational practice.
A whole row automatic pick-up device using air force to blow out vegetable plug seedlings

Aim of study: To develop a whole row automatic pick-up device using air force to blow out plug seedlings, to avoid the damage to seedlings that the current way of seedling picking by needle insertion induces.Area of study: Jiangsu Province, China.Material and methods: We designed a pick-up device which mainly consists of a seedling transporting device, a seedling air loosening device, a seedling clamping device and an automatic control system. The damage rate of seedling was significantly reduced and the success rate of seedling picking was increased by using the new seedling air loosening method and the new designed end-effectors. A prototype of the new pick-up device was produced according to the calculation results, and the performance tests were arranged under actual production conditions in an indoor laboratory.Main results: The calculation showed that when the diameter of the blowhole in air nozzle is 3.5 mm, and the air pressure is between 0.146 MPa and 0.315 MPa, the seedlings can be blown out successfully. Besides, the clamping strain test showed that the new designed end-effector can meet the requirements of seedling picking. The orthogonal test showed that both the air pressure and water content significantly affected the success ratio. The success ratio reached 96.64% when air pressure was 0.4 MPa, water content was 55%-60% and airflow rate was 100%, what meets the current requirements of transplanting.Research highlights: This research can provide some references for the automatic transplanting technology.
A sudden decrease in voice volume: A rare manifestation of spontaneous pneumomediastinum

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) is a rare condition characterized by free air in the mediastinum that primarily affects young individuals between the ages of 10 and 30 years. The most frequent symptoms of SPM are chest pain and dyspnea. However, a decrease in voice volume without a change of tone is a rare presentation. SPM is generally a benign and self‐limiting condition, but it can occasionally cause tension pneumothorax. If a young patient presents with a sudden decrease in voice volume without a change of tone, SPM should be considered as a possible diagnosis.
Teachers’ professional identity construction on Facebook using the teacher-student interaction perspective

Teachers’ professional identity is created in the dynamic process of interpersonal interaction. This research aims to investigate how teachers negotiate their interpersonal role identities across physical and digital student-teacher interactions. By employing a descriptive qualitative design, this research used the ethnographic method. An interview guide was designed to seek an in-depth understanding of this phenomenon by gaining insights from ten high school teachers from Metro Manila. After collecting the data, an inductive approach is used to analyse the data. The research reveals that the teachers’ interpersonal identity standards and their appraisal of their interaction with their students on Facebook and their network logic align and are congruent with one another. The teachers’ interaction with their students online and offline is always guided by their perceived roles and responsibilities and their limitations and boundaries as teachers.
The influence of elevated temperatures and composition on the water activity of egg powders

Lowmoisture foods, such as almonds, chocolate, and peanut butter, have recently been associated with numerous Salmonella outbreaks (CDC, 2004; Enache et al., 2017; Werber et al., 2005). Thermal treatments are commonly used to inactivate Salmonella in intermediate and high moisture foods. But the effectiveness of thermal treatments decreases for food with water activity (aw) lower than 0.6 (Syamaladevi et al., 2016). Thus, higher temperatures (e.g., above 70°C) and long times are typically used in those treatments. An important prerequisite to the design of effective thermal treatments for pathogen control in lowmoisture food is to understand how aw of the food changes with temperature (Liu et al., 2018). Water activity is the measure of the state of water in foods. It is defined as the ratio of the water vapor pressure of food to the saturated water vapor pressure at a given temperature (Labuza & Altunakar, 2007). The value of aw (between 0 and 1) indicates the degree to which water is able to participate in different chemical and physical processes. These processes can potentially change the quality of a product in storage or during a thermal treatment (Cauvain & Young, 2008; Tadapaneni et al., 2017). The relationship between aw and the moisture content (MC) of a food at constant temperature and pressure is described by moisture sorption isotherms (MSIs) (AndradeP et al., 2011). MSIs provide useful information in the selection or design of adequate processes, storage conditions, or packages in order to extend the quality, stability, and shelf life of Received: 13 December 2019 | Revised: 11 December 2020 | Accepted: 2 January 2021 DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15269
Optimal day‐ahead scheduling of multiple integrated energy systems considering integrated demand response, cooperative game and virtual energy storage

As the physical carrier of the Energy Internet, integrated energy system (IES) is a future development trend in the energy ﬁeld, and the optimal scheduling of IES for improving energy utilisation efﬁciency has become a hot topic. An optimal day-ahead scheduling model of multiple IESs considering integrated demand response (IDR), cooperative game and virtual energy storage (VES) is proposed innovatively in this study to maximise the overall beneﬁts of the cooperative alliance. IDR and VES are considered together for the ﬁrst time to optimise the internal scheduling of each IES, where IDR can enhance the response potential on the demand side and VES can improve the scheduling ﬂexibility of IES. Cooperative game theory is utilised to process the energy trading mechanism among multiple IESs and the Nash bargaining method is utilised to solve the cooperative game problem and obtain a fair and Pareto-optimal energy trading strategy. The case study shows that the proposed model effectively improves the operating beneﬁts and the renewable energy penetration levels of
Genomics‐assisted lentil breeding: Current status and future strategies

Genomics‐assisted breeding has become a powerful tool to develop high‐yielding climate‐resilient varieties for adaptation to adverse environmental conditions such as heat and drought stresses. Previously, efforts have been made to develop genomic resources in lentil, leading to the development of many trait‐specific mapping populations, cores and mini‐cores, and single nucleotide polymorphism and simple sequence repeat markers. Molecular markers have been used in genetic diversity analyses and to clarify genetic relationships in lentil. However, availability of cost‐effective next‐generation sequencing and genotyping‐by‐sequencing technologies has provided unprecedented opportunities for advancing genetics research and breeding applications. For instance, it has become possible to assemble the large and complex genome, develop high‐density genetic maps for high‐resolution QTL mapping, and deploy genome‐wide association study in lentil. Furthermore, a range of cost‐effective marker genotyping platforms have been developed. These developments offer ample opportunities to modernize current breeding programs in lentil for accelerating genetic gains. This review discusses the current status and future possibilities of genomics‐assisted breeding to develop and deploy lentil cultivars suitable for changing climatic conditions.
Post‐fledging migration and wintering strategies of individual juvenile Lesser Black‐backed Gulls (
 Larus fuscus
 )

Research into the patterns and drivers of juvenile migration is important for understanding the development of individual migration strategies. Although several recent studies have tracked adult large gulls throughout the annual cycle, the movements of juveniles remain poorly understood. We ﬁ tted Global Positioning System (GPS) devices that transmit locations through the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) to ten juvenile Lesser Black-backed Gulls Larus fuscus prior to ﬂ edging on the island of Spieker-oog, Germany, to study their ﬁ rst autumn migration and wintering behaviour. The tracked birds initially departed on similar compass bearings south to south-west, after which migration routes diverged. Individuals took 38 – 107 days to reach their wintering sites in Algeria, Morocco or Spain. Birds visited 6.7 (cid:1) 3.7 (mean (cid:1) sd) stopover sites en route and spent substantial time in northern Europe, with some individuals converging at the same sites over small spatial scales ( < 1 km), but not over the same time periods. Birds increased travel speeds in the second half of their migration. They showed relatively high site- ﬁ delity after arrival at wintering sites, and there was no evidence that the size of foraging areas increased over time, suggesting limited exploratory behaviour. Individuals used the same predominant habitats – cropland, open water and built-up areas – to varying degrees, but showed limited variation in habitat use over time. Overall, the migration routes and timings of juveniles broadly resembled those of previously tracked adults. Given their similar initial bearings and abundance of large gulls on the ﬂ yway, we suggest that social learning is likely to be an important process shaping the individual migration and wintering strategies of juvenile gulls.
Mothers of children without disabilities’ conceptions of inclusive education: unveiling an exclusionary education system privileging normality and ableism

Abstract This study explores Turkish mothers of children without disabilities’ conceptions of inclusive education for students with disabilities, who have historically been faced with educational inequities. Inclusive education was conceptualized from Fraser’s three-dimensional social justice framework to unpack complex and multidimensional structural obstacles that hinder students with disabilities’ parity of participation in education. Cultural-historical activity theory and disability studies in education perspectives are used as theoretical frameworks to understand how mothers’ understanding of inclusive education is related to their construction of disability, which is grounded within sociocultural, historical, and political contexts. Utilizing a qualitative study, I use a classroom photo with a hypothetical vignette as a stimulus to facilitate focus group and individual interviews. Findings reveal the exclusionary nature of the educational system that privileges normality and ableism, mothers’ rationalization of exclusion, and possibilities of inclusive education. In addition, results show a tension between the distribution and recognition dimensions of justice. Points of interest Disability studies in education examine disability in relation to the social environment, which is missing in inclusive education policy, practices, and research in Turkey. This study focuses on mothers of children without disabilities’ conceptualization of inclusive education. The study findings show that educational practices mostly benefit students without disabilities and students who are perceived as ‘normal’. Inclusive education is believed to be not appropriate for all students with disabilities due to deemed individual deficits, barriers associated with the teaching and learning environment, and negative responses of students without disabilities toward students with disabilities. This study recommends revising Turkey’s inclusive education policy, redesigning teacher education programs, and facilitating collaboration among families and schools.
Detecting Tourism Typologies of Regional Destinations Based on Their Spatio-Temporal and Socioeconomic Performance: A Correlation-Based Complex Network Approach for the Case of Greece

Within the context that tourism-seasonality is a composite phenomenon described by temporal, geographical, and socio-economic aspects, this article develops a multilevel method for studying time patterns of tourism-seasonality in conjunction with its spatial dimension and socio-economic dimension. The study aims to classify the temporal patterns of seasonality into regional groups and to configure distinguishable seasonal profiles facilitating tourism policy and development. The study applies a multilevel pattern recognition approach incorporating time-series assessment, correlation, and complex network analysis based on community detection with the use of the modularity optimization algorithm, on data of overnight-stays recorded for the time-period 1998–2018. The analysis reveals four groups of seasonality, which are described by distinct seasonal, geographical, and socio-economic profiles. Overall, the analysis supports multidisciplinary and synthetic research in the modeling of tourism research and promotes complex network analysis in the study of socio-economic systems, by providing insights into the physical conceptualization that the community detection based on the modularity optimization algorithm can enjoy to the real-world applications.
A ghost-cell immersed boundary method for unified simulations of flow over finite- and zero-thickness moving bodies at large CFL numbers

A ghost-cell immersed boundary method for unified simulations of flow over finite- and zero-thickness moving bodies at large Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) numbers is presented. In order to handle such bodies in a unified manner, algorithms for interface construction and cell demarcation are proposed. The main challenge in treating zero-thickness bodies is to maintain sharpness and accuracy even at large CFL numbers with diminished spurious force oscillations. Thus, the effect of large CFL numbers on the solution accuracy of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems involving zero-thickness bodies is investigated and necessary treatments to preserve solution accuracy even at large CFL numbers are suggested. The present study suggests two treatments which are important in preserving the accuracy and stability of the solution: backward time integration for computational cells called ‘swept-cells’ and pressure boundary condition with mass conservation. Composite implicit time integration for the dynamic equation of a thin elastic structure is employed for a stable simulation of FSI at large CFL numbers. By using large time step sizes, the present method not only enhances computational efficiency, but also suppresses spurious force oscillations while maintaining the sharpness of an infinitesimally thin body. The efficacy and accuracy of the present method are examined through numerical examples.