Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of microscopic features on the self-cleaning ability of textile fabrics

In the presented review, the past investigations have been complied and critically analyzed to highlight the influence of microscopic features on self-cleaning ability. In addition, challenges and research gaps that currently exist are discussed. This review concludes the current methods and processes to obtain self-cleaning ability using the surface features of textile fabrics manipulated with the help of the coatings and nanoparticles. However, no research was conducted to explore the self-cleaning potential of microscopic geometrical features of fabric at the woven structural level.
Acoustic Study of the Voice Quality of Brazilian Portuguese Stressed Vowels

This paper compares the voice quality of Brazilian Portuguese stressed oral vowels in a reading task. Four native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese participated in the experiment. Thirteen voice quality parameters were automatically extracted using the VoiceSauce software. The motivation for the study is the lack of a full study that analyzes the inﬂuence of the vowel quality and the subject in voice quality parameters related to the source spectrum, and, therefore, the absence of detailed information on how to interpret and differentiate the different laryngeal voice qualities inﬂuenced by vowel quality. Our results have shown that: a) low vowels have lower f0 values than mid and high vowels; b) high vowels have higher cepstral peak prominence (CPP) than mid and high vowels; c) harmonics-to-noise ratio from 0 to 500 Hz (HNR5) is higher in low vowels, intermediate in mid vowels, and smaller in high vowels. Moreover, the parameters H1*, H1*H2*, H1*A3, HNR15, HNR25, HNR35, and Energy did not show a clear pattern of distinction that could be correlated with vowel height, suggesting that we should control f0 and intensity, so as to ﬁnd a robust acoustic pattern for differentiating voice quality among vowels.
Miniaturization technique for Nanoimprint replica mold with line and space pattern via mechanical deformation

A demand for a nanoscale patterning method with high throughput exists for the fabrication of next-generation devices. Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a major breakthrough for obtaining the nanoscale pattern because of its high resolution and simple process. Because the resolution of NIL depends on the features of the master mold, it is very important to prepare a fine mold. Electron beam lithography (EBL) is typically used for the fabrication of NIL molds because EBL has a resolution of sub-10 nm. However, EBL is low throughput process and performed in a vacuum; it is difficult to obtain a large mold via EBL. On the other hand, direct laser writing (DLW) performed in the atomosphere is also promising method for the fabrication of a NIL mold because DLW can fabricate an arbitrary pattern in a large area. However, it is difficult to achieve the resolution of sub-100 nm with DLW because of a diffraction limit. To fabricate a fine mold in a large area, we have developed a miniaturization technique of a replica mold made of an elastic UV-curable resin using mechanical deformation. Although, the miniaturization of a line and space (LS) pattern of several hundreds nm width was already demonstrated, the miniaturization characteristics of a several micron and sub-100 nm width pattern are not examined. In this study, the deformation characteristics of the LS pattern with the micron and sub-100 nm width are examined. As a result, it became clear that our miniaturization technique can apply to the micron pattern. In addition, we succeeded in reducing the size of an LS pattern with a line width of less than 50 nm.
The Durational Structure of Tetrasyllabic Words in Inari Saami

This study focuses on the temporal properties of Inari Saami tetrasyllabic words that consist of two metric feet of different quantity degrees. In this study, we analyze the durational structures of primary and secondary stressed feet. The material comes from four elderly native speakers of Inari Saami who read carrier sentences with tetrasyllabic test words. The durations of all segments in the test words were measured and the durations and duration ratios of the feet were analyzed. The temporal properties of tetrasyllabic words are compared to earlier findings on di- and trisyllabic words in Inari Saami and to Estonian and Livonian which both exhibit a three-way consonantal quantity distinction similar to Inari Saami. The results showed that tetrasyllabic words are mainly divided into two disyllabic feet where the first two syllables form a primary stressed foot and the secondary stress is on the third syllable. However, a pattern where a trisyllabic foot is followed by a stressed fourth syllable also occurs in our data. The phonological three-way distinction in consonants is exhibited in primary stressed feet; in secondary stressed feet the opposition is binary as consonants are either short or long.
REIP: A Reconfigurable Environmental Intelligence Platform and Software Framework for Fast Sensor Network Prototyping

Sensor networks have dynamically expanded our ability to monitor and study the world. Their presence and need keep increasing, and new hardware configurations expand the range of physical stimuli that can be accurately recorded. Sensors are also no longer simply recording the data, they process it and transform into something useful before uploading to the cloud. However, building sensor networks is costly and very time consuming. It is difficult to build upon other people’s work and there are only a few open-source solutions for integrating different devices and sensing modalities. We introduce REIP, a Reconfigurable Environmental Intelligence Platform for fast sensor network prototyping. REIP’s first and most central tool, implemented in this work, is an open-source software framework, an SDK, with a flexible modular API for data collection and analysis using multiple sensing modalities. REIP is developed with the aim of being user-friendly, device-agnostic, and easily extensible, allowing for fast prototyping of heterogeneous sensor networks. Furthermore, our software framework is implemented in Python to reduce the entrance barrier for future contributions. We demonstrate the potential and versatility of REIP in real world applications, along with performance studies and benchmark REIP SDK against similar systems.
Investigating the effect of habitat amount and landscape heterogeneity on the gamma functional diversity of grassland and hedgerow plants

Landscape structure is one of the main drivers of biodiversity, especially in agricultural landscapes. However, only a few studies explored its effect on the gamma functional diversity of plants. Yet, research questions at this scale are important to better understand and effectively preserve biodiversity. Using a large‐scale sampling design with 30 landscape windows, we investigated the effects of habitat amount (i.e. grassland and hedgerow amounts), compositional heterogeneity (i.e. land use diversity) and configurational heterogeneity (i.e. land use spatial complexity) on the gamma functional diversity of plants in two habitat types: hedgerows and grasslands. We also investigated the same effects on the contribution of each functional trait related to different stages of the plant regeneration cycle to the overall functional diversity of plants. Habitat amount had contrasted effects on the functional diversity of both habitat types: a negative effect on grassland plant assemblages and a positive effect on hedgerow plant assemblages. Landscape heterogeneity only affected the functional diversity of hedgerow plants: configurational heterogeneity favoured functional dispersion but reduced functional evenness, and compositional heterogeneity affected trait contribution especially by shifting phenological and establishment strategies. Because they are linear habitats, hedgerows are indeed more likely to be influenced by edge effects than grasslands and thus displayed a strong response to landscape heterogeneity. Landscape variables influenced all stage of regeneration, and especially had a strong effect on traits related to establishment and dispersal. Synthesis. We demonstrated that landscape structure can both affect functional diversity and select particular trait syndromes related to plant dispersal, phenology and competitiveness. These results are important because they highlight that functional diversity must be studied at the gamma scale, to better understand the effects of land management and to preserve more effectively the associated ecosystem functioning.
Generation of HepG2 Cells with High Expression of Multiple Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes for Drug Discovery Research Using a PITCh System

HepG2 cells are an inexpensive hepatocyte model that can be used for repeated experiments, but HepG2 cells do not express major cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1 (UGT1A1). In this study, we established CYP3A4–POR–UGT1A1–CYP1A2–CYP2C19–CYP2C9–CYP2D6 (CYPs–UGT1A1) knock-in (KI)-HepG2 cells using a PITCh system to evaluate whether they could be a new hepatocyte model for pharmaceutical studies. To evaluate whether CYPs–UGT1A1 KI-HepG2 cells express and function with CYPs and UGT1A1, gene expression levels of CYPs and UGT1A1 were analyzed by using real-time PCR, and metabolites of CYPs or UGT1A1 substrates were quantified by HPLC. The expression levels of CYPs and UGT1A1 in the CYPs–UGT1A1 KI-HepG2 cells were comparable to those in primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) cultured for 48 h. The CYPs and UGT1A1 activity levels in the CYPs–UGT1A1 KI-HepG2 cells were much higher than those in the wild-type (WT)-HepG2 cells. These results suggest that the CYPs–UGT1A1 KI-HepG2 cells expressed functional CYPs and UGT1A1. We also confirmed that the CYPs–UGT1A1 KI-HepG2 cells were more sensitive to drug-induced liver toxicity than the WT-HepG2 cells. CYPs–UGT1A1 KI-HepG2 cells could be used to predict drug metabolism and drug-induced liver toxicity, and they promise to be a helpful new hepatocyte model for drug discovery research.
Study of the Efficacy of Artificial Intelligence Algorithm-Based Analysis of the Functional and Anatomical Improvement in Polynucleotide Treatment in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients: A Prospective Case Series

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common degenerative diseases in old age. Recent studies have suggested new treatment approaches dealing with subchondral remodeling, which is a typical feature of OA progression. However, diagnostic tools or therapeutic approaches related to such a process are still being researched. The automated artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm-based texture analysis is a new method used for OA-progression detection. We designed a prospective case series study to examine the efficacy of the AI algorithm-based texture analysis in detecting the restoration of the subchondral remodeling process, which is expected to follow therapeutic intervention. In this study, we used polynucleotide (PN) filler injections as the therapeutic modality and the treatment outcome was verified by symptom improvement, as well as by the induction of subchondral microstructural changes. We used AI algorithm-based texture analysis to observe these changes in the subchondral bone with the bone structure value (BSV). A total of 51 participants diagnosed with knee OA were enrolled in this study. Intra-articular PN filler (HP cell Vitaran J) injections were administered once a week and five times in total. Knee X-rays and texture analyses with BSVs were performed during the screening visit and the last visit three months after screening. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Korean-Western Ontario MacMaster (K-WOMAC) measurements were used at the screening visit, the fifth intra-articular injection visit, and the last visit. The VAS and K-WOMAC scores decreased after PN treatment and lasted for three months after the final injection. The BSV changed in the middle and deep layers of tibial bone after PN injection. This result could imply that there were microstructural changes in the subchondral bone after PN treatment, and that this change could be detected using the AI algorithm-based texture analysis. In conclusion, the AI- algorithm-based texture analysis could be a promising tool for detecting and assessing the therapeutic outcome in knee OA.
When “good guys” do bad things: Evaluations of sexual harassment allegations against male allies

Across two studies (Ns = 268 and 574), we examined the perceived legitimacy of sexual harassment allegations made against male allies. Overall, observers were less inclined to believe an allegation (Studies 1 and 2) and endorsed less severe punishments against a perpetrator who engaged in egalitarian (vs. sexist) behaviors toward women (Studies 1 and 2). Observers also endorsed weaker reparatory measures, were more willing to move past the allegation, and were more inclined to blame the victim for the incident when an egalitarian (vs. sexist) man was accused, especially when there was greater uncertainty surrounding his guilt (Study 2). Importantly, these effects were mediated by perpetrator typicality: the egalitarian perpetrator less closely resembled a typical perpetrator of sexual harassment, which, in turn, predicted more lenient evaluations (Study 2). These findings highlight how accusations of male allies’ problematic behavior can reinforce widespread scepticism surrounding sexual harassment allegations and discriminatory attitudes towards victims.
Mitochondrial DNA Is a Vital Driving Force in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Cardiovascular Diseases

According to the latest Global Burden of Disease Study, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death, and ischemic heart disease and stroke are the cause of death in approximately half of CVD patients. In CVD, mitochondrial dysfunction following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury results in heart failure. The proper functioning of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and the mitochondrial life cycle in cardiac mitochondria are closely related to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Following myocardial I/R injury, mitochondria activate multiple repair and clearance mechanisms to repair damaged mtDNA. When these repair mechanisms are insufficient to restore the structure and function of mtDNA, irreversible mtDNA damage occurs, leading to mtDNA mutations. Since mtDNA mutations aggravate OXPHOS dysfunction and affect mitophagy, mtDNA mutation accumulation leads to leakage of mtDNA and proteins outside the mitochondria, inducing an innate immune response, aggravating cardiovascular injury, and leading to the need for external interventions to stop or slow the disease course. On the other hand, mtDNA released into the circulation after cardiac injury can serve as a biomarker for CVD diagnosis and prognosis. This article reviews the pathogenic basis and related research findings of mtDNA oxidative damage and mtDNA leak-triggered innate immune response associated with I/R injury in CVD and summarizes therapeutic options that target mtDNA.
The Specific Capsule Depolymerase of Phage PMK34 Sensitizes Acinetobacter baumannii to Serum Killing

The rising antimicrobial resistance is particularly alarming for Acinetobacter baumannii, calling for the discovery and evaluation of alternatives to treat A. baumannii infections. Some bacteriophages produce a structural protein that depolymerizes capsular exopolysaccharide. Such purified depolymerases are considered as novel antivirulence compounds. We identified and characterized a depolymerase (DpoMK34) from Acinetobacter phage vB_AbaP_PMK34 active against the clinical isolate A. baumannii MK34. In silico analysis reveals a modular protein displaying a conserved N-terminal domain for anchoring to the phage tail, and variable central and C-terminal domains for enzymatic activity and specificity. AlphaFold-Multimer predicts a trimeric protein adopting an elongated structure due to a long α-helix, an enzymatic β-helix domain and a hypervariable 4 amino acid hotspot in the most ultimate loop of the C-terminal domain. In contrast to the tail fiber of phage T3, this hypervariable hotspot appears unrelated with the primary receptor. The functional characterization of DpoMK34 revealed a mesophilic enzyme active up to 50 °C across a wide pH range (4 to 11) and specific for the capsule of A. baumannii MK34. Enzymatic degradation of the A. baumannii MK34 capsule causes a significant drop in phage adsorption from 95% to 9% after 5 min. Although lacking intrinsic antibacterial activity, DpoMK34 renders A. baumannii MK34 fully susceptible to serum killing in a serum concentration dependent manner. Unlike phage PMK34, DpoMK34 does not easily select for resistant mutants either against PMK34 or itself. In sum, DpoMK34 is a potential antivirulence compound that can be included in a depolymerase cocktail to control difficult to treat A. baumannii infections.
Air Quality Classification and Measurement Based on Double Output Vision Transformer

The atmospheric quality monitor is an essential component of atmospheric protection. However, using complicated large-scale chemical equipment required by traditional methods is difficult for ordinary people. We are committed to allowing ordinary people to obtain a local air quality index (AQI) and then participate in the air quality monitoring of the entire district quickly and easily. So, we propose a method improved from Transformer in this article. This method processes pictures taken by mobile devices and predicts a more accurate local AQI level. The proposed method performs better than traditional methods in frequency and flexibility. Tokens in the Double Output Vision Transformer (DOViT) proposed in this article will be processed with the multihead self-attention (MSA) mechanism of the model to automatically extract the features in pictures for achieving higher classification accuracy. The application of Transformer makes our model more concise and efficient than previous CNN-based methods.
Translational Speed Control and Positioning of Precision Agricultural Robot

All kinds of agricultural labor may lead to farmers’ fatigue or disease. To help accomplish these tasks, robotics is used as a possibility to minimize the above inconvenience. With this in mind, the Military University of New Granada designed and built a robot called CERES, which is responsible for removing weeds, spraying, etc. In order for CERES to move in the crop along the required path, it must be ensured that the robot moves at a specific translational speed and direction, which is ensured by using the controller. This paper introduces the use of SSV (steady state value) criterion and the control signal allowed by the robot hardware, designs and implements a PID controller for tracking the linear speed and direction and ensuring that the stability time is met when the error tends to zero.
A perceptual and acoustic study of dubbed voices in an animated film

Listeners rely on speech vocal cues to judge speakers’ age, size, personality, and other paralinguistic and extralinguistic features. These judgements are often based on vocal stereotypes which may be universally or culturally determined. This study examines how physical, psychological, social, and vocal features are perceived by listeners and which acoustic features may influence their judgements. An experiment integrating a perceptual test and acoustic measurements was performed. The corpus consisted of speech utterances produced by five animated film characters, dubbed in Brazilian Portuguese. The stimuli were judged by 77 Brazilian Portuguese native speakers, 46 women and 31 men, aged 20 to 50. The acoustic analysis was performed automatically. Acoustic measures included mean f 0 , f 0 baseline, spectral emphasis and H1-H2. For interrater agreement analysis, Cronbach's Alpha was chosen. The results indicated close agreements among judges for all characters. Overall scores obtained for all characters were above . 90. In interpreting the results, the influence sound symbolism codes may have on listeners’ judgments and the factors influencing vocal stereotypes have been considered. The discussion of the acoustic and perceptual analysis results takes into consideration if voice actors adapt their voices to fit the characters or otherwise are cast because of their natural voice characteristics.
Optimization of stall regulated rotors

The present work deals with the optimization of stall regulated rotors for wind turbines. Two different optimization methods are presented. The first method is a single design point optimization procedure, whereas the second is a multi pointed optimization technique which is founded on a general optimization algorithm. The use of an optimization algorithm offers the possibility to treat complex optimization problems concerning the entire rotor geometry. The two methods are compared through design of a 20 kW rotor showing good agreement. By use of the optimization algorithm, different aspects of modern wind turbine design layout are investigated. The improvement of the annual energy production by optimizing the airfoil characteristics in addition to the blade chord and twist has been found marginal compared to a case where a standard NACA 634x airfoil family is used. The optimal ratio of swept area to rated power is found depending strongly on the value of the specified maximum loads. Optimization of rotors to specific wind regimes has not been found favorable. In general, the results show that the optimization algorithm is an useful aid to the design.
Comparative Assessment of Sagittal Maxillo-mandibular Jaw Relationship - A Cephalometric Study

History is evident that correct assessment of Sagittal Jaw Relationship has always remained the perennial problem in orthodontics. The present study is undertaken to use Sagittal methods for assessing individuals and classifying for Skeletal Class I, Class II and Class III based on Jaw Relationship and to evaluate the reliability of sagittal methods. 200 subjects in the age group of 12 to 18 yrs were selected and were subjected to cephalometric radiography and traced. The sample was divided into skeletal Class I, Class II and Class III on the basis of AXD angle, FABA angle and MM Bisector. Subsequently following angles and linear measurements were measured; Beta angle; AB plane angle; JYD angle; ANB angle; AXB angle; AF – BF and App – Bpp. Result - Consistency could be demonstrated by all the methods assessed by Antero-Posterior jaw relationship. Insignificant difference on influence of growth, age and sex was noted. Angular methods used for assessing jaw relationship such as FABA, AXD, Beta and linear measurements such as App-Bpp, MM Bisector could demonstrate superiority for assessing Antero-Posterior jaw relationship over other methods such as AXB, AB plane, ANB and AF-BF which showed more variability.
Effects of tourism experiences on tourists’ subjective well-being through recollection and storytelling

In this study, we construct an integrated model demonstrating how the tourism experience (TE) affects tourists’ subjective well-being (SWB) via recollection and storytelling. We distributed questionnaires to tourists in two destinations in China (Kulangsu and Dr Sun Yat-Sen’s Mausoleum) and gathered 320 and 510 valid responses, respectively. The empirical results of Study 1 (Kulangsu) indicated that the tourism experience (TE) directly promoted tourists’ recollection, storytelling, and SWB. Additionally, recollection directly affected storytelling but not SWB. Storytelling further positively affected SWB. Mediation results revealed the following paths: 1) tourism experiences affected storytelling, which influenced SWB; 2) tourism experiences affected recollection, which influenced storytelling and in turn SWB. Findings from Study 2 (Dr Sun Yat-Sen’s Mausoleum) corroborated those of Study 1, confirming the stability of the integrated model. Theoretical and managerial implications, limitations, and future research directions are also discussed.