Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toxicity of Neem seed Azadirachta indica Juss (Meliaceae) different solvents extracts against cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Sternorrhyncha: Pseudococcidae) under Laboratory conditions

This study investigated the toxicity of neem treatments in comparison with Confidor 20% SL against cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley. The experiments were laid out under completely randomized design (CRD) with six main treatments including untreated check under laboratory conditions at Agricultural research Institute Tarnab, Peshawar-Pakistan during 2012/2013. Results indicated that Confidor 20% SL and neem seed extracts (acetone and n-hexane extracts) caused 100 % mortality of P. solenopsis after 48 hrs and one week duration respectively. Over all after a week exposure, mortality trend was recorded as 100%, 97%, 88% and 67% by Neem seed n-Hexane extracts, Neem seed Acetone extracts, Neem oil and Neem seed water extracts respectively for 3% concentration. Similarly for 2% concentration it was recorded as 87%, 84%, 74% and 46% and for 1% concentration the mortality trend was noted as 68%, 62%, 56% and 29% in n-Hexane, Acetone, Neem oil and Neem seed water extracts respectively. The neem extracts and oil bioassay revealed that % mortality of P. solenopsis was dose and time dependent. These findings provide clear indication that n-Hexane and Acetone are good solvents for neem seed extracts preparation to be used against cotton mealybug in Pakistan. However further study needs to be conducted to know the compatibility of these extracts against the natural enemies in field as well as in laboratory conditions.
Gender Equality as the Determinant of FDI Flows to Central European Countries

The purpose of this paper is to asses the weight of human capital and gender equality in explaining the bilateral FDI inflows to 11 Central European economies. The group comprises the ten countries that acceded to the EU in 2004 or 2007 and Croatia which is a candidate country since 2004. The focus on the region is justified by the fact that the European Commission acknowledged that fostering human capital development and gender equality is a condition of economic development. The period under investigation encompasses 2000-2009 and includes both the global FDI flows peak achieved in 2007 as well as the two years of sharp declines in 2008 and 2009. If FDI is mostly low-cost seeking oriented, however, gender inequality in health and access to education may create a pool of low-pay workers that can be profitably exploited unless the level of productivity is not seriously hindered by gender disparities. In this paper I argue that women’s representation in parliaments is another aspect of the gender gap that may shape foreign investors decisions. These hypotheses are verified in the framework of a standard gravity model using System Generalized Method of Moments technique.
The knowledge needs of innovating organisations

The sustainable management of innovation is perhaps the single most vital element of executive work in today's business environment. This has driven knowledge management theorists to revitalise interest in the concept of 'competency'. However, this theoretical domain continues to be fragmented by definitional debate. At a micro-level of analysis, Human Resources Management theorists have embraced the idea of managerial competencies, resulting in the elaboration of frameworks and standards of performance for the targeted development of individual knowledge. By contrast, at the macrolevel the Strategic Management literature has focussed on developing new concepts of competition and cooperation that emphasise organisational knowledge as the driver of strategic change. In this context, competence-based competition implies that competitive advantage is bestowed by an organisation's unique combination of core competencies. This definitional debate is a major obstacle to the development of an integrated perspective on competency and the knowledge needs of innovating organisations. This conceptual article asserts that, since innovation involves a learning process, it is necessary to develop process-based theory rather than the static categorisations that currently dominate thinking in this area. Drawing on theories from the field of learning, the article proposes a three-dimensional framework of knowledge-based competencies that are interlinked and meaningful across levels of analysis.
Expression of Gast, Cckbr, Reg1α genes in rat duodenal epithelial cells upon long-term gastric hypoacidity and after a multiprobiotic administration

Aim. Determination of the Cckbr, Gast and Reg1a genes expression in rat duodenal epithelial cells upon longterm hypoacidity and with the administration of the multiprobiotic Symbiter. Methods. The experiments were carried out on white non-strain male rats. The hypoacidic state was induced through intraperitoneal injection of omeprazole for 28 days. The level of genes expression was determined by semi-quantitative analysis with RT-PCR Results. The elevation of mRNA levels of the Cckbr and Gast genes in rat duodenal villus and crypt epitheliocytes, the increased expression of the Reg1a gene in crypt epithelial cells were shown as well as the appearance of the Reg1a gene expression in villus epitheliocytes upon hypoacidic conditions were shown. The content of mRNAs of the above mentioned genes decreased or remained at the control level upon the treatment of hypoacidic rats with the multiprobiotic Symbiter. Conclusions. Long-term gastric hypoacidity is accompanied by the changes in expression of the Cckbr, Gast and Reg1a genes in rat duodenum, whereas upon administration of the multiprobiotic Symbiter the pattern of studied gene expression did not changed in the most cases.
EpiReview: Measles in NSW, 1991–2000

Measles is an acute and highly-infectious viral disease. It is of public health importance because measles can cause serious illness and death. Each year, measles causes the death of almost a million children worldwide. Vaccination against measles provides a high degree of protection (95 per cent protection after a single dose, and 99 per cent after two doses). Available epidemiological evidence suggests that, in many parts of Australia, endemic measles circulation (that is, the ability of the virus to be sustained in the community) has been eliminated due to the achievement of high childhood vaccination rates.
A Comparitive Study of Data Forwarding Schemes in VANET

: VANET is a promising communication technology that enables communication among V2V and V2I for improving driving safety and efficiency. In VANET, data transfer is done with the help of multi-hop communication in which vehicles act as data carrier. Intelligent Transportations System (ITS) has deployed a no of RSU (Road Side Units) along the roads to collect and deliver traffic information from TCC (Traffic Control Centre) to the vehicles. This paper compares six vehicle trajectory-based data forwarding schemes, tailored for vehicular ad hoc networks. Nowadays GPS-based navigation systems are used for providing efficient driving paths for drivers. Subsequently it also discusses the performance of those data forwarding schemes and list the merits and demerits and conclude the challenges facing in the present day research in Vehicular ad hoc Network (VANET).
Analytic hierarchy process-based recreational sports events development strategy research

In the past years, Chinese sports recreational events have been slightly developed, its development trend is not optimistic, recreational sports promotion events can effective solve the problem. The paper utilizes analytic hierarchy process, selects mountaineering, climbing and drifting three sports recreational events as research objects, and considers best recreational sports promotion events from consumersÂÂ cognitive status, mass values, projects development and outdoor recreational sports events spending four aspects. By calculation and analysis, it gets the conclusion that mountaineering is the best recreational sports promotion event. By comparing three sports recreational events each kind of factors data, it finds that the most proper generalized sports event each kind of data indicator is lower
Modeling spatiotemporal dynamics of global wetlands: comprehensive evaluation of a new sub-grid TOPMODEL parameterization and uncertainties

Abstract. Simulations of the spatiotemporal dynamics of wetlands are key to understanding the role of wetland biogeochemistry under past and future climate. Hydrologic inundation models, such as the TOPography-based hydrological model (TOPMODEL), are based on a fundamental parameter known as the compound topographic index (CTI) and offer a computationally cost-efficient approach to simulate wetland dynamics at global scales. However, there remains a large discrepancy in the implementations of TOPMODEL in land-surface models (LSMs) and thus their performance against observations. This study describes new improvements to TOPMODEL implementation and estimates of global wetland dynamics using the LPJ-wsl (Lund–Potsdam–Jena Wald Schnee und Landschaft version) Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (DGVM) and quantifies uncertainties by comparing three digital elevation model (DEM) products (HYDRO1k, GMTED, and HydroSHEDS) at different spatial resolution and accuracy on simulated inundation dynamics. In addition, we found that calibrating TOPMODEL with a benchmark wetland data set can help to successfully delineate the seasonal and interannual variation of wetlands, as well as improve the spatial distribution of wetlands to be consistent with inventories. The HydroSHEDS DEM, using a river-basin scheme for aggregating the CTI, shows the best accuracy for capturing the spatiotemporal dynamics of wetlands among the three DEM products. The estimate of global wetland potential/maximum is ∼ 10.3 Mkm2 (106 km2), with a mean annual maximum of ∼ 5.17 Mkm2 for 1980–2010. When integrated with wetland methane emission submodule, the uncertainty of global annual CH4 emissions from topography inputs is estimated to be 29.0 Tg yr−1. This study demonstrates the feasibility of TOPMODEL to capture spatial heterogeneity of inundation at a large scale and highlights the significance of correcting maximum wetland extent to improve modeling of interannual variations in wetland area. It additionally highlights the importance of an adequate investigation of topographic indices for simulating global wetlands and shows the opportunity to converge wetland estimates across LSMs by identifying the uncertainty associated with existing wetland products.
Sustainability test of Iran's agricultural balance trade.

From the perspective of new growth models and new international trade theories, both exports and imports play an important role in a dynamic economy. Economically, we cannot merely emphasize on a positive trade balance and we ignore the benefits of imports, and also we cannot advise negative trade balance. But the main concern of policy makers about international trade should be making stability and equilibrium of trade balance in the long run. Especially, deficit agricultural trade balance can be a great danger for food security. Hence, the main objective of this study was to test the sustainability of Iran's agricultural trade balance during the period 1961-2011 (1340-1390). For this purpose, After confirming the existence of cointegration by Gregory-Hansen Test, Hasted and Arize models was estimated with OLS, FMOLS and DOLS methods and it released we can verify sustainability of agricultural trade balance during the period of the study. Also, the estimation of error correction model showed that there is a bidirectional causality relationship between import and export in long-run while in short-run export only cause import in agriculture sector.
A Revision of Tomoceridae (Insecta: Collembola) in Great Smoky Mountains National Park and Southern Appalachians Using Morphological and Molecular Approaches

Large, heavily scaled tomocerid springtails (Collembola) are abundant in eastern forests, and are important components of the detrital food web. The genus Pogonognathellus predominates in the southern Appalachians While a number of well-delimited tomocerid species have been described, others have vague morphological boundaries and appear to be species complexes. Before this study began in 2005, four species were known to occur in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) and the surrounding Appalachians (P. bidentatus, dubius, elongatus, flavescens). Also occurring throughout the area is Tomocerus lamellifera, a widespread and distinctive species. The goals of this project were to correlate scale patterns and colors, ground color, morphology, and DNA sequences for separation of species; to describe any new species detected; and to redescribe known species. Scale patterns and molecular sequences have not been previously studied in North American Tomoceridae. We collected 432 specimens from diverse localities and maintained them in culture containers. After a specimen molted, it was photographed to capture the pristine scale pattern and color, then preserved in 100% ethanol (EtOH). The preserved specimen then was re-photographed for ground color (most scales are dislodged in preservative). Selected specimens were dissected and the various appendages (legs, mouthparts, furcula) were slide-mounted for morphological analysis. The torso was used to obtain DNA, from which the 5’-3’ exoribonuclease II gene was amplified, sequenced, and analyzed phylogenetically. Freshly collected specimens of P. flavescens from the type locality (Sweden), preserved in 100% EtOH, were provided by Arne Fjellberg and included in the analysis. Tomocerus minor and Harlomillsia oculata (Oncopoduridae) were used as outgroups for the phylogenetic analysis. A phylogenetic tree based on the molecular sequences was used to indicate relationships that then were tested with morphological characters, chaetotaxy, scale pattern, and color. Putative P. flavescens from North America were not grouped with Swedish specimens, raising the possibility that P. flavescens does not occur in North America. Pogonognathellus nigritus, previously synonymized with P. elongatus, was determined to be a valid species, and P. elongatus itself was found to be mis-described in most accounts. Two new species were identified: one from a cave in GSMNP which is closely related to a California cave species, and a second from several forest localities (i.e. GSMNP and Mount Mitchell, NC). A group of specimens ascribed to the flavescens/dubius complex also appear to represent several undescribed species, but more specimens are needed for further analysis.
Luttinger liquids with multiple Fermi edges: Generalized Fisher-Hartwig conjecture and numerical analysis of Toeplitz determinants

It has been shown that solutions of a number of many-body problems out of equilibrium can be expressed in terms of Toeplitz determinants with Fisher-Hartwig (FH) singularities. In the present paper, such Toeplitz determinants are studied numerically. Results of our numerical calculations fully agree with the FH conjecture in an extended form that includes a summation over all FH representations (corresponding to different branches of the logarithms). As specific applications, we consider problems of Fermi edge singularity and tunneling spectroscopy of Luttinger liquid with multiple-step energy distribution functions, including the case of population inversion. In the energy representation, a sum over FH branches produces power-law singularities at multiple edges.
Bayesian Conjugate Analysis for Transition Probabilities of Non-Homogeneous Markov Chain: A Survey

The present study surveys Bayesian modeling structure for inferences about transition probabilities of Markov chain. The motivation of the study came from the data that shows transitional behaviors of emotionally disturbed children undergoing residential treatment program. Dirichlet distribution was used as prior for the multinomial distribution. The analysis with real data was implemented in WinBUGS programming environment. The performance of the model was compared to that of alternative approaches.
Flexible Exchange Rates in the Short Run

CONSIDERABLE FLEXIBILITY in exchange rates has marked the seventies. A series of events, starting with the appreciation of the deutsche mark in 1969, and including the realignment in the Smithsonian Agreement in 1971 and a second realignment, have brought the world into a period of controlled flexibility of rates. Flexible rates were the mechanism economists had long advocated for attaining external balance,' but the experience in the last few years has led many to reconsider it. That reconsideration is stimulated by some surprises in the performance of flexible rates. First among these are the recurrent, large cycles in ex-
New Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of Phthalate-Caused Hepatotoxicity: Novel Epigenetic Alterations

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent and life-threatening cancers and the most severe complication of chronic liver disease. It represents approximately 85% of liver cancers. Its incidence is not only increasing worldwide in the past decade, but is also a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.
Dynamic simulations of potential methane release from East Siberian continental slope sediments

Sediments deposited along continental margins of the Arctic Ocean presumably host large amounts of methane (CH4) in gas hydrates. Here we apply numerical simulations to assess the potential of gas hydrate dissociation and methane release from the East Siberian slope over the next 100 years. Simulations are based on a hypothesized bottom water warming of 3°C, and an assumed starting distribution of gas hydrate. The simulation results show that gas hydrate dissociation in these sediments is relatively slow, and that CH4 fluxes toward the seafloor are limited by low sediment permeability. The latter is true even when sediment fractures are permitted to form in response to overpressure in pore space. With an initial gas hydrate distribution dictated by present‐day pressure and temperature conditions, nominally 0.35 Gt of CH4 are released from the East Siberian slope during the first 100 years of the simulation. However, this CH4 discharge becomes significantly smaller (∼0.05 Gt) if glacial sea level changes in the Arctic Ocean are considered. This is because a lower sea level during the last glacial maximum (LGM) must result in depleted gas hydrate abundance within the most sensitive region of the modern gas hydrate stability zone. Even if all released CH4 reached the atmosphere, the amount coming from East Siberian slopes would be trivial compared to present‐day atmospheric CH4 inputs from other sources.
The convolution method for pricing american options under Lévy processes

Aflexible, fast and accurate method for pricing options, from plain vanilla to the more complex ones with early-exercise features, is presented. The method is based on the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) which relies, naturally, on Fourier transformations. The key idea is to recognize that the usual risk-neutral valuation formula can be calculated as a convolution. This feature, is highly useful, since convolutions in the time domain can be translated easily to the Fourier domain, enabling one to apply the FFT and benefit from its computational power. This recent pricing method, proposed by Lord et al. (2008), was dubbed the convolution method, and is applicable to a wide variety of payoffs requiring only the knowledge of the characteristic function of the model. As such, the method is applicable within many regular affine models, among which is the class of exponential Levy models. The presented method is able to extend previous methods, based on the calculation of the FFT for pricing European options, by pricing options with early-exercise features. Considering an M -times exercisable Bermudan option, the overall complexity of the method is O(MN log(N)), with N grid points used to discretize the price of the underlying asset. In the context of American options, which are the most exchange traded option contracts, an highly efficient technique, based on the application of the Richardson extrapolation to the prices of Bermudan options, is presented. Palavras Chave Keywords
Irish rms' productivity and input's origin .

In this paper we analyze empirically the pattern of Irish rms' productivity and how their eciency changes with variations in the input composition. Amiti and Koning (2008) showed when imports of intermediate inputs raise also rm's productivity grows. In this paper, using rm level information on imported inputs, we asses the importance both of beginning import activity and the variation in the input mix origin . Using various econometric techniques we show dierent results, which are robust also to additional controls. The main ndings are that the most ecient rms use more intensively foreign inputs, and that the less ecient domestic rms gain when they increase the quotas of imported inputs. In addition the few rms which start importing activity raise their productivity compared to non-imprting rms. The results suggest an important policy implication: policies that favor the imports of intermediates enhance the productivty of domestic rms, in particular the less ecient.
A MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING MODEL FOR FLOW SHOP SCHEDULING PROBLEMS FOR CONSIDERING JUST IN TIME PRODUCTION

In this paper, we consider a flow shop scheduling problem with bypass consideration for minimizing the sum of earliness and tardiness costs. We propose a new mathematical modeling to formulate this problem. There are several constraints which are involved in our modeling such as the due date of jobs, the job ready times, the earliness and the tardiness cost of jobs, and so on. We apply adapted genetic algorithm based on bypass consideration to solve the problem. The basic parameters of this meta-heuristic are briefly discussed in this paper. Also a computational experiment is conducted to evaluate the performance of the implemented methods. The implemented algorithm can be used to solve large scale flow shop scheduling problem with bypass effectively.
Low Resolution Face Recognition using Super-resolution

With the increasing demand of surveillance camerabased applications, the low resolution face recognition algorithms need in many face application system. Recognition performance will be dramatically degraded under the low resolution. In order to overcome this problem, face super-resolution methods can be employed to enhance the resolution of the images. In this paper low resolution face recognition algorithm using new superresolution is introduced in which the resolution of the face image to be recognized is 16×16. Experiments of super-resolution image reconstruction were performed with the L2 error norm for datafidelity and proposed weighted gradient constraint were used as regularization terms. Additionally, the eigenface and fisherface were employed for face recognition. Experimental results show that the proposed SR algorithm outperforms the existing algorithms in public face databases.