Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NetScope: traffic engineering for IP networks

Managing large IP networks requires an understanding of the current traffic flows, routing policies, and network configuration. However, the state of the art for managing IP networks involves manual configuration of each IP router, and traffic engineering based on limited measurements. The networking industry is sorely lacking in software systems that a large Internet service provider can use to support traffic measurement and network modeling, the underpinnings of effective traffic engineering. This article describes the AT&T Labs NetScope, a unified set of software tools for managing the performance of IP backbone networks. The key idea behind NetScope is to generate global views of the network on the basis of configuration and usage data associated with the individual network elements. Having created an appropriate global view, we are able to infer and visualize the networkwide implications of local changes in traffic, configuration, and control. Using NetScope, a network provider can experiment with changes in network configuration in a simulated environment rather than the operational network. In addition, the tool provides a sound framework for additional modules for network optimization and performance debugging. We demonstrate the capabilities of the tool through an example traffic engineering exercise of locating a heavily loaded link, identifying which traffic demands flow on the link, and changing the configuration of intradomain routing to reduce the congestion.
The production switching heuristic: A practical revision

Production Switching Heuristics (PSH) have been suggested as realistic, practical alternatives to more sophisticated aggregate planning and scheduling models. A modified, two-level heuristic is presented and its properties investigated by use of the classical paint factory data (Linear Decision Rule). Even under relatively extreme circumstances, its cost performance is promising when compared with the LDR, LP and the original PSH.
Multiservice platforms carrying IP/ATM/MPLS traffic: impact of heavy-tailed session duration distributions on user-perceived performance

Modern communication networks carry several grades of data, voice and video sessions typically using single-service or multi-service platforms employing IP, ATM or MPLS protocol mechanisms. It is well established that in many instances the session duration may have a heavy-tailed distribution [1-2]. We explore the impact of such distributions on the response time performance of user sessions. We concentrate mainly on a single output link (potentially a bottleneck on the data path) of a multi-service platform. First-come-first-served and processor sharing type scheduling mechanisms are considered (weighted fair queueing and weighted round robin are implementable approximations to generalized processor sharing). The output link is modeled as a single-server (no limit on individual session rate) or multiple servers (rate limit on individual sessions either inherently as for CBR applications or for congestion avoidance as in a cable access network). Also, the impacts of bandwidth differences between input and output links are considered. It is observed that in some cases, heavy-tailed session durations have significant impacts but those impacts may be effectively neutralized using appropriate scheduling or rate control mechanisms.
Fast and efficient blind image quality index in spatial domain

A fast and efficient method [fast efficient blind (FEB)] for no-reference image quality assessment (IQA) is presented. Two new features, log-energy and variance, are proposed in the spatial domain, which make the IQA algorithm faster and more efficient. FEB obviates the training process of distortion images and subjective opinion scores due to the properties of the new features. The experiment shows that the proposed method outperforms conventional methods in terms of both accuracy and execution speed and is also consistent with the subjective assessment of human beings. Owing to the simplicity of the features proposed, FEB can realise real-time IQA completely.
Agent-based Modelling for Green Space Allocation in Urban Areas

The task of green space allocation in urban areas consists of identifying a suitable site for allocating green areas. In this proposition paper we discuss about a number of factors like crowdedness, design, distribution and size that could discourage inhabitants to visit a certain green urban area. We plan to cluster our urban residents into several population segments using an Agent-Based Model and study the system in different predefined scenarios. The overall objective of this work is to provide spatial guidance to planners, policy makers and other stakeholders, and shed light on potential policy conflicts among standard policy criteria and user preferences. We will evaluate this potential within a targeted stakeholder workshop.
A suffix arrays based approach to semantic search in P2P systems

Building a semantic search system on top of peer-to-peer (P2P) networks is becoming an attractive and promising alternative scheme for the reason of scalability, Data freshness and search cost. In this paper, we present a Suffix Arrays based algorithm for Semantic Search (SASS) in P2P systems, which generates a distributed Semantic Overlay Network (SONs) construction for full-text search in P2P networks. For each node through the P2P network, SASS distributes document indices based on a set of suffix arrays, by which clusters are created depending on words or phrases shared between documents, therefore, the search cost for a given query is decreased by only scanning semantically related documents. In contrast to recently announced SONs scheme designed by using metadata or predefined-class, SASS is an unsupervised approach for decentralized generation of SONs. SASS is also an incremental, linear time algorithm, which efficiently handle the problem of nodes update in P2P networks. Our simulation results demonstrate that SASS yields high search efficiency in dynamic environments.
A Qualitative Survey of Tertiary Instructor Attitudes towards Project-Based CALL

Advocates of project-based approaches to learning and instruction in networked computer environments emphasize the social dimensions of language learning. Such approaches, they argue, represent a significant shift away from the view of computers as a tool for individual use, and fundamentally change CALL pedagogies. To date, little research has been conducted on the views of students and instructors regarding these changes. The present study reports on the use of qualitative methods to investigate instructor attitudes towards project-based computing in second language study. The analysis of transcripts of semi-structured interviews resulted in a six-part framework that aims to characterize attitudes at the tertiary setting. The paper concludes with a discussion and recommendations regarding the use of computers in project-based second language classrooms.
SEAN: Support Tool for Detecting Rule Violations in JNI Coding

: A static analysis tool has been developed for ﬁnding common mistakes in programs that use the Java Native Interface (JNI). Speciﬁc rules in JNI are not caught by C ++ and other compilers, and this tool is aimed at rules about references to Java objects, which are passed to native methods as local references. Local references become invalid when the native method returns. To keep them valid after the return, the programmer should convert them into global references. If they are not converted, the garbage collector may malfunction and may, for example, fail to mark referenced objects. The developed static analysis tool ﬁnds assignments of local references to locations other than local variables such as global variables and structure ﬁelds. The tool was implemented as a plug-in for Clang, a compiler front-end for the LLVM. Application of this tool to native Android code demonstrated its e ﬀ ectiveness.
Traffic theory and the Internet

We argue that traffic theory, an essential component in the design of traditional telecommunications networks, should be increasingly applied in the development of the multiservice Internet. We discuss the statistical characteristics of Internet traffic at different time scales. Modeling is facilitated on identifying the notion of flow and distinguishing the categories of streaming and elastic traffic. We review mathematical modeling approaches useful for predicting the relationship between demand, capacity and performance for both streaming and elastic flows. Derived results indicate the limitations of service differentiation as a means for guaranteeing QoS and highlight the importance of traditional traffic engineering approaches in ensuring that the network has sufficient capacity to handle offered demand.
MicroBlog Orientation Analysis Based on Sentiment Symbol

As a new social networking media, Micro-blog is recognized by more and more people gradually, the orientation analysis of Micro-blog short text messages has become a hotspot in the field of data mining. At present, the research of Micro-blog orientation analysis mainly concentrate in the text, without considering the impact of other emotional factors. By analyzing and studying Sina Micro-blog, this paper added new words and emoticons in the basis of traditional emotional dictionary to construct special Micro-blog dictionary. Meanwhile, it analyzed rhetoric and sentence to improve the effect of orientation analysis. The experimental results showed that the method in Micro-blog orientation analysis obtained better performance.
Cloth Modeling Simulation Based on Mass Spring Model

The crucial problem in cloth simulation based on Physical model is how to solve the motion differential equations. Mass spring model is ideal and it is widely used in cloth simulation. The simulation technology of cloth modeling based on mass spring model is presented completely, fabric mechanics models are established precisely, and several kinds of explicit numerical integration are compared in detail, especially, using RK-4 method can greatly improve system’s stability. This cloth simulation method is applied to cloth software. Examples have proved that this method is advanced and practical.
Audio dynamic range compression for minimum perceived distortion

When manual dynamic range compression is replaced by an automatic compression system, the sound engineer must still be able to choose some characteristics of the compression. An automatic system and the theory motivating its design are described. We have built a device (EMT 156) that enables the sound engineer to adjust any of the six static parameters; also, the system automatically chooses its own dynamic properties as a function of the input program signal.
Optimal Power Control in Cooperative Relay Networks Based on a Differential Game

In this paper, the optimal power control problem in a cooperative relay network is investigated and a new power control scheme is proposed based on a non‐cooperative differential game. Optimal power allocated to each node for a relay is formulated using the Nash equilibrium in this paper, considering both the throughput and energy efficiency together. It is proved that the non‐cooperative differential game algorithm is applicable and the optimal power level can be achieved.
Developing a Learning Strategy Using Pattern Notes: a New Technology

Abstract Learning strategies represent one of the newest forms of the technology of training. Instructional procedures should be designed to help learners learn how to interpret and integrate information and reorganize what they know, as well as convey information. An algorithmic procedure for semantically analysing pattern notes (a powerful and underutilized technique) is described along with a description of various applications of pattern notes (Note 1).
The Impacts of Computer Technology on the Worklife of Information Workers

This article assesses recent research which examines the impacts of computing on the worklife of information workers. It uses a broad analytic framework to organize discussion of research since 1985, to assess the consistency and coherence of the research, and to suggest where systematic comparative analysis is needed in the future. Research findings are summarized with regard to the impacts of computing on decision making, control, productivity, social interaction, work environment, and job enhancement. Keywords social impacts of computing, information workers, decision making, control, productivity, social interaction, work environment, job enhancement.
Estimation of optimal parameter in ε-filter based on signal-noise decorrelation

ε-filter is a nonlinear filter for reducing noise and is applicable not only to speech signals but also to image signals. The filter design is simple and it can effectively reduce noise with an adequate filter parameter. This paper presents a method for estimating the optimal filter parameter of ε-filter based on signal-noise decorrelation and shows that it yields the optimal filter parameter concerning a wide range of noise levels. The proposed method is applicable where the noise to be removed is uncorrelated with signal, and it does not require any other knowledge such as noise variance and training data. key words: parameter optimization, nonlinear filter, ε-filter
Power assignment for throughput enhancement (PATE): a distributed topology control algorithm to improve throughput in mobile ad-hoc networks

This paper addresses how to improve end-to-end throughput by a distributed congestion aware topology control algorithm in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). In our approach, PATE (power assignment for throughput enhancement), each node in MANET adjusts its own power level locally to 1) keep the connectivity of the network; 2) save the total power consumption, and 3) avoid the congestion, which is based on the lower layer information piggybacked from its neighbors while performing neighbor protocol. We introduce a cost function including the traffic load, number of interfered nodes and MAC (medium access control) status to determine the neighbor selection and power level assignment so that we can maintain the connectivity and alleviate the interference by the congested nodes. Simulation studies have been conducted on network simulator (ns-2) to demonstrate the effectiveness of PATE and the results show that the average improvement of overall throughput for uneven traffic is 37.7%.
A Simple Algorithm for Multi-Objective, Short-Term Hydrothermal Scheduling

Abstract This investigation proposes a new algorithm for the solution of multi-objective, short-term hydrothermal scheduling problems. In the common algorithm using weighting method, a set of weight vectors are fed infor each weight vector objective function values in the optimisation interval, and the corresponding fuzzy membership functions are computed and the best compromise solution is identified from the set of non-inferior solutions obtained. In the proposed algorithm, a set of weight vectors are genetically generated and the best solution is identified as described already. Further, the weight vectors are genetically modified and the process is repeated to identify the best solution using the modified weight vectors. The process is continued till change in the fitness value of the best solution is marginal. The investigation further proposes three methods to determine the objective function values in the optimisation interval, which is a major sub-process in the above algorithm. These are the Newton-Raphson method, a genetic search method and a random search method. A comparison is made among the performance data of the three methods, and the random search method is projected as the simple algorithm for multi-objective, short-term hydrothermal scheduling problem. A coal-constrained thermal unit is introduced in the investigation to make the scheduling problem more universal.
Automatic Acquisition of Paraphrases Using Bilingual Dependency Relations

This letter introduces a new method to automatically acquire paraphrases using bilingual corpora. It utilizes the bilingual dependency relations obtained by projecting a monolingual dependency parse onto the other language's sentence based on statistical alignment techniques. Since the proposed paraphrasing method can clearly disambiguate the sense of the original phrases using the bilingual context of dependency relations, it would be possible to obtain interchangeable paraphrases under a given context. Through experiments with parallel corpora of Korean and English language pairs, we demonstrate that our method effectively extracts paraphrases with high precision, achieving success rates of 94.3% and 84.6% respectively, for Korean and English.
Intertransaction Class Association Rule Mining Based on Genetic Network Programming and Its Application to Stock Market Prediction

: Intertransaction association rules have been reported to be useful in many ﬁelds such as stock market prediction, but still there are not so many e ﬃ cient methods to dig them out from large data sets. Furthermore, how to use and measure these more complex rules should be considered carefully. In this paper, we propose a new intertransaction class association rule mining method based on Genetic Network Programming (GNP), which has the ability to overcome some shortages of Apriori-like based intertransaction association methods. Moreover, a general classiﬁer model for intertrans-action rules is also introduced. In experiments on the real world application of stock market prediction, the method shows its e ﬃ ciency and ability to obtain good results and can bring more beneﬁts with a suitable classiﬁer considering larger interval span.
Improving usability for video analysis using gaze-based interaction

In this contribution, we propose the use of eye tracking technology to support video analysts. To reduce workload, we implemented two new interaction techniques as a substitute for mouse pointing: gaze-based selection of a video of interest from a set of video streams, and gaze-based selection of moving targets in videos. First results show that the multi-modal interaction technique gaze + key press allows the selection of fast moving objects in a more effective way. Moreover, we discuss further application possibilities like gaze behavior analysis to measure the analyst's fatigue, or analysis of the gaze behavior of expert analysts to instruct novices.
A quantitative analysis of sign lengthening in American Sign Language

In spoken languages, disfluent speech, narrative effects, discourse information, and phrase position may influence the lengthening of segments beyond their typical duration. In sign languages, however, the primary use of the visual-gestural modality results in articulatory differences not expressed in spoken languages. This paper looks at sign lengthening in American Sign Language (ASL). Comparing two retellings of the Pear Story narrative from five signers, three primary lengthening mechanisms were identified: elongation, repetition, and deceleration. These mechanisms allow signers to incorporate lengthening into signs which may benefit from decelerated language production due to high information load or complex articulatory processes. Using a mixed effects model, significant differences in duration were found between (i) non-conventionalized forms vs. lexical signs, (ii) signs produced during role shift vs. non-role shift, (iii) signs in phrase-final/initial vs. phrase-medial position, (iv) new vs. given information, and (v) (non-disordered) disfluent signing vs. non-disfluent signing. These results provide insights into duration effects caused by information load and articulatory processes in ASL.
Performance improvement of TCP over an ad hoc network

FRN (flexible radio network) is an ad hoc network product that can realize a wide-area data collection network. This paper discusses a performance improvement method when TCP is applied to the transport layer in FRN. It is shown that even when the terminal is not moving as in FRN, the throughput can be improved in radio link failure due to noise or obstacles by combining ELFN (explicit link failure notification), which is proposed as a method for TCP performance improvement in ad hoc networks, with routing information. The proposed method is evaluated by simulation in this paper. A further objective is to reduce the performance degradation due to packet collision. The delayed ACK and the ACK retransmission with priority in the case of packet collisions are analyzed and the effectiveness of the method is demonstrated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 87(11): 99–107, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10134
Image Acquisition And Storage For Ophthalmic Fluorescein Angiography

An ophthalmic imaging system, the IS-2000, has been developed for acquisition, archival storage, and analysis of fundus imagery collected during fluorescein angiography and other ophthalmic procedures. The system consists of a conventional fundus camera equipped with a video camera; a microcomputer with color video digitizer and frame buffer; and an optical video disk for archival storage of images. In the course of development of the IS-2000 a study was performed to assess the spatial frequency content of typical angiograms and to evaluate the resolution capabilities of a variety of types of commercially available video cameras and image storage media. The frequency content of angiograms was analyzed through the application of Fourier transforms to high-resolution digitized images. Modulation transfer functions (MTF) of various types of video cameras and video disks were measured with appropriate video test images. An assessment of the suitability of currently available video equipment for collection and storage of fluorescein angiograms is provided.
Are large C++ classes change‐prone? An empirical investigation

It is crucial, but hard, to predict the parts of a system that must be changed in the next release of a software system. Previous results showed that professional and experienced developers largely underpredict the number of software entities subject to change in the next release, even though a thorough impact analysis driven by requirements is conducted. Thus, there is a strong need for understanding what kind of properties of a system make it more or less vulnerable to change. This empirical study analyzes change of C++ source code classes that occurred in two releases of the industrial object‐oriented project PMR (Performance Management Traffic Recording). PMR is a part of the operation and support system of a cellular telecom system. The result, which is consistent over the two releases despite different kinds of new requirements, shows that the median size in the set of changed classes is significantly larger than in the set of unchanged classes. Our interpretation of the results is that large classes are more change‐prone than small classes, and that large classes therefore always should be regarded as candidates for change. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From visualization to perceptual organization

A key initial stage in the process of translating sensor data into symbolic representations is perceptual organization where edge pixels or voxels are grouped into a set of disjoint segments. For example, edge pixels are linked to form contour lines that can be associated with boundaries of regions; or edge voxels are grouped to form surfaces that often represent boundary surfaces of volumes. This paper studies the perceptual organization problem in both two and three dimensions. An interdisciplinary research work is presented which explores the synergy between perceptual organization in computer vision and streamline and iso-surface techniques in visualization. We show how such visualization techniques can be adapted and unified into a disjoint-union-find framework to solve the perceptual organization problems. The proposed algorithms have been successfully applied to many real-world 2D and 3D images. <<ETX>>