Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Comparison of Glycated Hemoglobin and Homeostasis Model Assessment Values to 30, 60 and 90-Min Glucose Levels During OGTT in Subjects with Normal Glucose Tolerance

Abstract Background: The subjects with impaired glucose tolerance have an increased risk for future type 2 diabetes (T2DM); however, a significant number of individuals who develop T2DM have normal glucose tolerance (NGT) at baseline. The study aims to compare glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) levels to 30, 60 and 90-min glucose levels in subjects with NGT. Methods: A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120-min was performed in 1118 subjects without known T2DM. Blood samples were also drawn for fasting insulin and HbA1C levels. Results: Forty percent of the subjects with NGT had increased post-challenge values above the determined optimal glucose levels (10.2, 10.3 and 8.9 mmol/L at 30, 60 and 90-min, respectively). Compared to the subjects with NGT whose glucose levels were below the determined optimal values at 30, 60 and 90-min, we found significantly elevated HbA1C and HOMA-IR levels in the subjects with NGT whose glucose levels were above the determined optimal values (p<0.001). Conclusions: We conclude that the subjects with NGT have different HbA1C and HOMA-IR levels considering glucose levels measured earlier than at 2-h during OGTT. Further well-designed prospective studies are needed to define the significance of 30-min, 60-min and 90-min glucose levels in the prediction of disease in subjects with T2DM. Kratak sadržaj Uvod: Osobe sa poremećajem tolerancije glukoze izložene su povećanom riziku za dobijanje dijabetesa tipa 2 (T2DM), međutim, značajan broj pojedinaca koji dobiju T2DM ima u početku normalnu toleranciju glukoze (NGT). Cilj ove studije bio je da se uporede nivoi glikoliziranog hemoglobina (HbA1C) i modela homeostaze (HOMA-IR) sa nivoima glu- koze posle 30, 60 i 90 minuta kod osoba sa NGT. Metode: Test oralne tolerancije glukcee (OGTT) sa 75 g glukoze urađen je u 0, 30, 60, 90. i 120. minutu kod 1118 subjekata bez T2DM. Uzorci krvi su takođe uzeti radi mere- nja nivoa insulina i HbA1C. Rezultati: Četrdeset odsto subjekata sa NGT imalo je povišene nivoe posle testa u odnosu na utvrđene optimalne nivoe glukoze (10,2, 10,3 i 8,9 mmol/L posle 30, 60 i 90 minuta). U poređenju sa subjektima sa NGT kod kojih su posle 30, 60 i 90 minuta nivoi glukoze bili ispod utvrđenih optimalnih vrednosti, otkrili smo značajno povišene nivoe HhA1C i HOMA-IR kod subjekata sa NGT čiji su nivoi glukoze bili iznad utvrđenih optimalnih vrednosti (p< 0,001). Zaključak: Zaključujemo da subjekti sa NGT imaju različite nivoe HbA1C i HOMA-IR s obzirom na nivoe glukoze izmerene pre drugog sata tokom testa oralne tolerancije glukoze. Potrebne su nove, pažljivo osmišljene, prospektivne studije kako bi se definisao značaj nivoa glukoze posle 30, 60 i 90 minuta u predikciji bolesti kod osoba sa T2DM.
Do Parents’ Social Skills Influence Their Children’s Sociability?

Abstract This article uses the U.S. National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) to examine the effect of parents’ social skills on their children’s sociability. Similar to many other national surveys, this survey lacks detailed information on parents. To remedy this deficiency, we construct a measure of parents’ sociability skills based on their occupational characteristics extracted from the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT). Even after controlling for a variety of background characteristics, including cognitive skills, we find that the sociability relationships between fathers and sons and between mothers and daughters remain statistically significant. We find that the dollar value to the sons of a given increase in their fathers’ sociability is one-sixth of the value to the sons of the same standard-deviation increase in their fathers’ education.
Wherefore roots?

At the very core of the ‘root’ discussion there lies the assumption that the proper characterization of syntactic terminals is crucial to our understanding of syn­ tactic structure. It is important to highlight this fact precisely because it is not shared by all syntactic models. Construction Grammar, for instance, would seri­ ously question the degree to which syntactic terminals, of any sort, determine or even shed any light on the properties of syntactic structures. Less radically, Ram­ chand’s (2008) First Phase Syntax seriously questions the need for ‘substantive’ terminals of any sort, restricting itself to functional sequences, with ‘substantive’ items corresponding not to a terminal, but rather to a span (in the sense of Svenonius, 2013), i.e. a phonological realization of constructions, and not of terminals. In turn, and insofar as it is assumed, rather widely, that terminals do inform our understanding of syntactic structure, the question is, of course, what termi­ nals, what properties they have, and how they contribute to our understanding of syntactic composition. Beginning with Chomsky (1965), standard models within Generative Gram­ mar have assumed an increasing role for substantive terminals in determining grammatical structure. For the past two decades, however, an increasing number of scholars have come to question the central role which such substantive items play in the construction of syntactic structures. Within the family of approaches that has emerged as a result, a central role is played not by a ‘word’ or a ‘lexeme’ in the traditional sense, but rather, by a ‘root’. Within all of these approaches, there is a general understanding that roots are at the very least devoid of syntactic category as well as of any discernible morpho­phonological complexity. Beyond that, however, what ‘roots’ are, exactly, is by no means agreed upon, and as a consequence, there is little agreement on how, exactly, they interact with the syntax or, indeed, whether they are altogether necessary.
Comparing Data Envelopment Analysis and Human Decision Making Unit Rankings: A Survey Approach

In this paperwe compare the ordinal rankings generated throughData Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methods to ordinal rankings generated by human decision makers. Through eliciting the total rank ordering for approximately 100 individuals on all of the four di erent datasets of Decision Making Units (DMUs), we compare the rankings generated by individuals to those generated by ten DEA methods. We observe that depending on the characteristics of the dataset one of the DEA methods performs better than the others in matching human decision makers.
Studies Regarding The Evolution And Development Of Documents Printing Technologies

Abstract The paper presents a study of the evolution in development of documents printing technology, characterized in terms of the technical performance like print speed, resolution, repeatability, gamut etc., and of meeting the requirements of sustainable development and environment protection. Are analyzed printing technologies with toner and ink. Ink printing technology is emphasized using liquid and solid ink and toner printing based on the xerographic process, using organic xerographic drums. The trend in the development of these technologies is to increase technical performance while meeting environmental requirements. In this context the main items are detailed on solid ink printing technology, widely promoted by the representative company in the market.
Vertical distribution of Cu, Ni and Zn in Brunic Arenosols and Gleyic Podzols of the supra-flood terrace of the Słupia River as affected by litho-pedogenic factors

Abstract The aim of the study was to assess the influence of lithological and pedogenic factors in the shaping of Cu, Ni and Zn distribution patterns in the profiles of Brunic Arenosols and Gleyic Podzols of the lower supra-flood terrace of the Słupia River, which is located outside the range of significant anthropogenic sources of pollution with these metals. The contents of the investigated metals were analysed in aqua regia extracts of samples collected from three profiles of Brunic Arenosols, formed from river sands, and three profiles of Gleyic Podzols, formed from river sands transformed by eolian processes. In general, river sands contained higher amounts of Ni and Zn (2.6 - 6.9 mg·kg-1 Ni; 10.3 - 16.2 mg·kg-1 Zn) compared to eolian sands (1.2 - 2.4 mg·kg-1 Ni; 3.3 - 17.3 mg·kg-1), while the content of copper tended to be higher in eolian sands (1.3 - 1.9 mg·kg-1) than river sands (0.1 - 1.5 mg·kg-1). The observed differences between the two types of sand are due to the loss of fine granulometric fractions and various minerals during eolian processes. Higher concentrations of the investigated metals in soil solum as compared to parent material are due to their uptake from deeper parts of the soil by roots and subsequent return to the soil surface as a component of litterfall. Therefore, the highest concentrations of Cu, Ni and Zn were observed in ectohumus. In the mineral component of the soil, the highest concentrations were observed in organic matter-rich A and B horizons, which indicate close interactions between heavy metals, humic substances and iron oxides. The vertical distribution of the investigated metals in the profiles of Gleyic Podzols indicates their leaching during podzolization. The observed contents of Cu, Ni and Zn, both in Brunic Arenosols and Gleyic Podzols, were lower than the geochemical background, which confirms that anthropogenic contamination of the studied area with these metals is marginal
Urban Housing Policy Considerations: Perspectives from the Finnish Housing Market

Abstract It is very difficult to study phenomena in housing markets using conventional so-called neoclassical economics. The core problem stems from the highly unrealistic assumptions of neoclassical economics, such as homogeneous products, equilibrium markets, ceteris paribus clauses, deterministic and linear systems, rationality of economic agents, and the utility maximization principle. New Keynesian economics appears to be a more fruitful approach to housing markets since it presumes that products are differentiated, markets are in disequilibrium state and there exists imperfect competition in a marketplace. Furthermore, new Keynesian economics utilizes the concept of bounded rationality, which is a more realistic description of the actual behavior of economic agents than the theoretical notion of rationality in neoclassical economics.
Mining spatial–temporal motion pattern for vessel recognition

Approaches of vessel recognition are mostly accomplished by sensing targets and extracting target features, without taking advantage of spatial and temporal motion features. With maritime situation management systems widely applied, vessels’ spatial and temporal state information can be obtained by many kinds of distributed sensors, which is easy to achieve long-time accumulation but are often forgotten in databases. In order to get valuable information from large-scale stored trajectories for unknown vessel recognition, a spatial and temporal constrained trajectory similarity model and a mining algorithm based on spatial and temporal constrained trajectory similarity are proposed in this article by searching trajectories with similar motion features. Based on the idea of finding matching points between trajectories, baseline matching points are first defined to provide time reference for trajectories at different time, then the almost matching points are obtained by setting the spatial and temporal constraints, and the similarity of pairwise almost matching points is defined, which derives the spatial and temporal similarity of trajectories. By searching the matching points from trajectories, the similar motion pattern is extracted. Experiments on real data sets show that the proposed algorithm is useful for similar moving behavior mining from historic trajectories, which can strengthen motion feature with the length increases, and the support for vessel with unknown property is larger than other models.
An extensive study on Markov switching models with endogenous regressors

This paper extends Kim’s (Kim, C.-J. 2004. “Markov-Switching Models with Endogenous Explanatory Variables.” Journal of Econometrics 122: 127–136; Kim, C.-J. 2009. “Markov-Switching Models with Endogenous Explanatory Variables II: A Two-Step MLE Procedure.” Journal of Econometrics 148: 46–55.) studies on Markov switching models with endogenous regressors by considering the time-varying relationship between endogenous regressors and instrumental variables. To deal with the endogenous problem, we introduce three estimation methods, e.g., a joint estimation procedure, a two-step estimation procedure and a MCMC estimation procedure. Although the joint estimation procedure provides us with a direct estimator via Kim’s (Kim, C.-J. 1994. “Dynamic Linear Models with Markov-Switching.” Journal of Econometrics 60: 1–22.) approximation, it is not always feasible due to the “curse of dimensionality” problem. In this case, we consider the two-step estimation procedure and the MCMC estimation procedure. Our Monte Carlo experiments show that three estimation procedures are in general feasible and robust. Although the two-step estimation procedure is not as efficient as the MCMC estimation procedure, they both perform better than the joint estimation procedure. In an application to the Campbell and Mankiw’s (1989) consumption model, we document the robustness of our three estimation procedures and verify the significant regime switching behavior of this model.
Tree Transduction Tools for Cdec

Abstract We describe a collection of open source tools for learning tree-to-string and tree-to-tree transducers and the extensions to the cdec decoder that enable translation with these. Our modular, easy-to-extend tools extract rules from trees or forests aligned to strings and trees subject to different structural constraints. A fast, multithreaded implementation of the Cohn and Blunsom (2009) model for extracting compact tree-to-string rules is also included. The implementation of the tree composition algorithm used by cdec is described, and translation quality and decoding time results are presented. Our experimental results add to the body of evidence suggesting that tree transducers are a compelling option for translation, particularly when decoding speed and translation model size are important.
Incremental Web Search: Tracking Changes in the Web

A large amount of new information is posted on the Web every day. Large-scale web search engines often update their index slowly and are unable to present such information in a timely manner. Here we present our solutions of searching new information from the web by tracking the changes of web documents. First, we present the algorithms and techniques useful for solving the following problems: detecting web pages that have changed, extracting changes from different versions of a web page, and evaluating the significance of web changes. We propose a two-level change detector: MetaDetector and ContentDetector. The combined detector successfully reduces network traffic by 67%. Our algorithm for extracting web changes consists of three steps: document tree construction, document tree encoding and tree matching. It has linear time complexity and extracts effectively the changed content from different versions of a web page. In order to evaluate web changes, we propose a unified ranking framework combining three metrics: popularity ranking, quality ranking and evolution ranking. Our methods can identify and deliver important new information in a timely manner. Second, we present an application using the techniques and algorithms we developed, named "Web Daily News Assistant (WebDNA): finding what's new on Your Web". It is a search tool that helps community users search new information on their community web. Currently WebDNA is deployed on the New York University web site. Third, we model the changes of web documents using survival analysis. Modeling web changes is useful for web crawler scheduling and web caching. Currently people model changes to web pages as a Poisson Process, and use a necessarily incomplete detection history to estimate the true frequencies of changes. However, other features that can be used to predict change frequency have not previously been studied. Our analysis shows that PageRank value is a good predictor. Statistically, the change frequency is a function proportional to exp[0.36·(ln(PageRank)+C)]. We further study the problem of combining the predictor and change history into a unified framework. An improved estimator of change frequency is presented, which successfully reduces the error by 27.3% when the change history is short.
Spatial distributions of sunspot oscillation modes at different temperatures

Three- and five-minute sunspot oscillations have different spatial distributions in the solar atmospheric layers. The spatial distributions are crucial for revealing the physical origin of sunspot oscillations and to investigate their propagation. In this study, six sunspots observed by Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly were used to obtain the spatial distributions of three- and five-minute oscillations. The fast Fourier transform method is applied to represent the power spectra of oscillation modes. We find that, from the temperature minimum to the lower corona, the powers of the five-minute oscillation exhibit a circle-shape distribution around its umbra, and the shapes gradually expand with temperature increase. However, the circle-shape disappears and the powers of the oscillations appear to be very disordered in the higher corona. This indicates that the five-minute oscillation can be suppressed in the high-temperature region. For the three-minute oscillations, from the temperature minimum to the high corona, their powers mostly distribute within an umbra, and part of them are located at the coronal fan loop structures. Moreover, those relative higher powers are mostly concentrated in the position of coronal loop footpoints.
Toward Distributed Energy Services: Decentralizing Optimal Power Flow With Machine Learning

The implementation of optimal power flow (OPF) methods to perform voltage and power flow regulation in electric networks is generally believed to require extensive communication. We consider distribution systems with multiple controllable Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) and present a data-driven approach to learn control policies for each DER to reconstruct and mimic the solution to a centralized OPF problem from solely locally available information. Collectively, all local controllers closely match the centralized OPF solution, providing near-optimal performance and satisfaction of system constraints. A rate distortion framework enables the analysis of how well the resulting fully decentralized control policies are able to reconstruct the OPF solution. The methodology provides a natural extension to decide what nodes a DER should communicate with to improve the reconstruction of its individual policy. The method is applied on both single- and three-phase test feeder networks using data from real loads and distributed generators, focusing on DERs that do not exhibit intertemporal dependencies. It provides a framework for Distribution System Operators to efficiently plan and operate the contributions of DERs to achieve Distributed Energy Services in distribution networks.
Optical characterization of WISE selected blazar candidates

Context. Over the last decade more than five thousand γ-ray sources have been detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) onboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Given the positional uncertainty of the telescope, nearly 30% of these sources remain without an obvious counterpart at lower energies. This has motivated the release of new catalogs of γ-ray counterpart candidates and several follow up campaigns in the last decade. Aims. Recently, two new catalogs of blazar candidates were released. These are the improved and expanded version of the WISE Blazar-Like Radio-Loud Sources (WIBRaLS2) catalog and the Kernel Density Estimation selected candidate BL Lacs (KDEBLLACS) catalog, both selecting blazar-like sources based on their infrared colors from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). In this work we characterize these two catalogs, clarifying the true nature of their sources based on their optical spectra from SDSS data release 15, thus testing their efficiency in selecting true blazars. Methods. We first selected all WIBRaLS2 and KDEBLLACS sources with available optical spectra in the footprint of Sloan Digital Sky Survey data release 15. We then analyzed these spectra to verify the nature of each selected candidate and to measure the fraction of the catalogs composed by spectroscopically confirmed blazars. Finally, we evaluated the impact of selection effects, especially those related to optical colors of WIBRaLS2/KDEBLLACS sources and their optical magnitude distributions. Results. We found that at least ∼30% of each catalog is made up of confirmed blazars, with quasars being the major contaminants in the case of WIBRaLS2 (≈58%) and normal galaxies in the case of KDEBLLACS (≈38.2%). The spectral analysis also allowed us to identify the nature of 11 blazar candidates of uncertain type (BCUs) from the Fermi-LAT fourth Point Source Catalog (4FGL) and to find 25 new BL Lac objects.
Computing and Communicating Functions in Disorganized Wireless Networks

For future wireless networks, enormous numbers of interconnections are required, creating a disorganized topology and leading to a great challenge in data aggregation. Instead of collecting data individually, a more efficient technique, computation over multi-access channels (CoMAC), has emerged to compute functions by exploiting the signal-superposition property of wireless channels. However, the implementation of CoMAC in disorganized networks with multiple relays (hops) is still an open problem. In this paper, we combine CoMAC and orthogonal communication in the disorganized network to attain the computation of functions at the fusion center. First, to make the disorganized network more tractable, we reorganize the disorganized network into a hierarchical network with multiple layers that consists of subgroups and groups. In the hierarchical network, we propose multi-layer function computation where CoMAC is applied to each subgroup and orthogonal communication is adopted within each group. By computing and communicating subgroup and group functions over layers, the desired functions are reconstructed at the fusion center. The general computation rate is derived and the performance is further improved through time allocation and power control. The closed-form solutions to optimization are obtained, which suggest that existing CoMAC and orthogonal communication schemes can be generalized.
Quantum algorithm for estimating 
α
-Renyi entropies of quantum states

We describe a quantum algorithm to estimate the alpha-Renyi entropy of an unknown d-dimensional density matrix, for alpha not equal to 1, by combining the recent technique of quantum singular value transformations with the method of estimating normalised traces in the one clean qubit model. We consider the purified oracular input model where the input state is prepared via a quantum oracle that outputs a purified version of the state, assumed to be non-singular. Our method requires O((da/eps)^2) queries to estimate the alpha-Renyi entropy to additive precision 'eps', where 'a' is the dimension of the ancillary register used, assuming the input state is non-singular. The query complexity of this method is similar to results in the sample complexity model that generally require O((d/eps)^2) samples.