Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of steganalysis methods

STUDY OF STEGANALYSIS METHODS by Wen Chen Steganography is the art and science of hiding the presence of communication by embedding secret message into digital images. The steganographic techniques can be applied in many areas. On one hand, people can benefit from their application. For example, they can be used for copyright protection. On the other hand, these techniques may be used by criminals or terrorists for malicious purposes. For example, terrorists may use the techniques to transmit the secret plan of terror attacks. Law enforcement and security authorities have concerns about such activities. It is necessary to devise the methods to detect steganographic systems. The detection of steganography belongs to the field of steganalysis. Steganalysis is the art and science of detecting embedded message based on visual inspection, statistical analysis or other methods. Steganalysis detection methods can be classified into two categories: specific and general detection. The specific detection methods deal with the targeted steganographic systems, while the general detection methods provide detection regardless of what the steganographic systems are. The typical detection methods are reviewed and studied in this thesis. In addition, a general detection based on artificial neural network is proposed. The performance of this detection method on detecting a generic quantization index modulation (QIM) technique is presented. STUDY OF STEGANALYSIS METHODS
Proliferation and Differentiation of Normal Human Osteoblasts on Dental Au-Ag-Pd Casting Alloy: Comparison with Cytotoxicity to Fibroblast L929 and V79 Cells

Normal human osteoblast NHOst cells were cultured on the dental Au–Ag–Pd casting alloy using the micromass culture, and the proliferation and differentiation of NHOst cells were determined. 13Au–58Ag–21Pd which met JIS T 6106 and 10Au–62Ag–13Pd which did not meet JIS T 6106 were used in this experiment. 10Au–62Ag–13Pd contained Cu more than 13Au–58Ag–21Pd. The proliferation and differentiation of NHOst cells cultured on 10Au–62Ag–13Pd were significantly decreased more than those on 13Au–58Ag–21Pd, respectively. It was suggested that the content of Cu caused the difference in the proliferation and differentiation between NHOst cells cultured on 13Au–58Ag–21Pd and that on 10Au–62Ag–13Pd. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of the Au–Ag–Pd alloy was evaluated by the MEM elution assay and the colony assay using fibroblast L929 and V79 cells, in order to compare with the cytological effects of the alloy on NHOst cells. 13Au–58Ag–21Pd showed no cytotoxicity to L929 and V79 cells in the MEM elution assay and the colony assay. However, 10Au–62Ag–13Pd showed extremely weak cytotoxicity to L929 cells and weak cytotoxicity to V79 cells in the colony assay, though 10Au–62Ag–13Pd showed no cytotoxicity to L929 cells in the MEM elution assay. NHOst cells expressed the toxicity to the proliferation and differentiation on 10Au–62Ag–13Pd clearly. The in vitro toxicity test based on the proliferation and differentiation of NHOst cells was useful to evaluate the toxicity of medical materials.
SOCIAL INCLUSION AND VOLUNTEERING IN SPORTS CLUBS IN EUROPE

• You may download this work for personal use only. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying this open access version If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details and we will investigate your claim. Please direct all enquiries to puresupport@bib.sdu. dk
Automatic Retraction Phase of Airborne Wind Energy Systems

Abstract Airborne wind energy systems are an emerging technology to harvest wind energy at higher altitude. Renewable energy is produced by exploiting the aerodynamic lift exerted by a wing tethered to the ground and controlled to fly crosswind paths. System realizations with either on-board or ground-based generation are possible. The focus of this paper is on ground-based generation systems where a two phase cycle is carried out. In the traction phase, power is produced by reeling-out the tether, which is coiled around drums connected to generators; in the retraction phase, the tether is reeled-in after the maximum length has been reached. A new flight controller for the retraction phase, which is straightforward to implement and tune, is proposed and a theoretical analysis and simulation results are presented.
Assessment of Heavy Metal Accumulation and Antibacterial Activity of Some Medicinal Herbs Grown in an Industrial Area of Steel Production, Ahvaz

Unfavorable conditions can affect on secondary metabolites production in the plants. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of heavy metals accumulation on antibacterial potential of Chenopodium murale L. , Senecio glaucus L. , Malva parviflora L. and Calendula arvensis L. grown in an industrial area of steel production in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran. The cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) values were analyzed in different parts of these medicinal herbs. The antibacterial activity of methanol and ethanol extracts of the plants was surveyed in standard disc diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of these extracts were determined. High concentration of Cd was found in the roots of M. parviflora and S. glaucus. The concentration of other metals in these plants was within the allowed limits. Both of ethanolic and metanolic extracts exhibited the highest antibacterial effect against E. coli and P. aeruginosa. MIC and MBC values of alcoholic extracts were determined against E. coli and P. aeruginosa as the most sensitive bacterial species. It seems that antibacterial activity of studied plants is not essentially correlated with their heavy metal concentration.
Simulation of Starting and Stopping Vortices of an Airfoil

When the flow around a streamlined body is accelerated or decelerated,starting and stopping vortices are shed from the trailing edge of the body, respectively. In this work, the transient flow around a NACA4612 airoil profile was analyzed and simulated at Re = 1000 and α = 16◦ paying especial attention to the starting and stopping vortices shed from the airfoil. A detailed review of the underliying physics of the generation of lift was presented with focus on the importance of viscosity as the essential factor for the generation of lift. The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with constant density and viscosity in an inertial frame of reference were solved with OpenFOAM using a linear upwind finite volume method (FVM) for the space discretization and the implicit Euler method for the time integration. The results were verified using the Kelvin circulation theorem. Three flow animations were prepared with the simulation results and compared with the historical flow visualizations from Prandtl.
Enhancement of internalization of diphtheria toxin recombinant fragments in sensitive cells mediated by toxin’s T-domain

Subunit B of diphtheria toxin (DT) and its R-domain differ by the presence of T-domain. The aim of the present work was to analyze the interaction of these toxin fragments with mammalian cells in order to evaluate the T-domain’s influence on endocytosis in resistant cells. Internalization of recombinant fluorescent subunit B and r-domain was characterized in toxin-resistant l929 cells derived from mouse connective tissue and toxin-sensitive Vero cells from african green monkey kidney. It was found that during incubation of cells in the presence of both subunit B and r-domain in the culture medium, Vero cells internalize more molecules of subunit B than of r-domain. Under the same conditions, l929 cells internalize more molecules of r-domain than of subunit B. Colocalization of fluorescent subunit B and R-domain in L929 was rapid and proceeded almost completely at the early period of incubation compared to Vero cells in which it was slow and occurred gradually. The obtained data suggest that T-domain influence internalization and endosomal transport of DT in cells, which correlates with their toxin sensitivity. It was concluded that t-domain participates in intracellular endosomal transport and sorting of Dt only in toxin-sensitive cells by enhancing the internalization of toxin molecules.
Weighted ranking procedure for combining univariate time series models

This paper extends the standard approach of combining forecast by proposing weights which are based on ranking the performance of forecast accuracy measures of models. These weights became necessary due to the problems associated with the Akaike weights, equal weights and forecast from the ‘best’ model selected by the minimum AICc value; which are pointed out in this study. According to a selection criterion, five models were fitted to the simulated dataset with two different sample sizes, n=25 and n=200. The results revealed that the mean squared forecast error (MSFE) from the combined forecast of the proposed weights (weighted ranking procedure) outperformed all other approaches that were investigated in this study. Furthermore, the three combined forecast approaches consistently outperformed the forecast from the best model selected by the minimum AICc. Thus, we recommend the use of the weighted ranking procedure in combining models. Tropical Agricultural Research Vol. 26 (3): 486 – 496 (2015)
The impact of global climate change on tropical forest biodiversity in Amazonia

Aim To model long-term trends in plant species distributions in response to predicted changes in global climate. Location Amazonia. Methods The impacts of expected global climate change on the potential and realized distributions of a representative sample of 69 individual Angiosperm species in Amazonia were simulated from 1990 to 2095. The climate trend followed the HADCM2GSa1 scenario, which assumes an annual 1% increase of atmospheric CO 2 content with effects mitigated by sulphate forcing. Potential distributions of species in one-degree grid cells were modelled using a suitability index and rectilinear envelope based on bioclimate variables. Realized distributions were additionally limited by spatial contiguity with, and proximity to, known record sites. A size-structured population model was simulated for each cell in the realized distributions to allow for lags in response to climate change, but dispersal was not included. Results In the resulting simulations, 43% of all species became non-viable by 2095 because their potential distributions had changed drastically, but there was little change in the realized distributions of most species, owing to delays in population responses. Widely distributed species with high tolerance to environmental variation exhibited the least response to climate change, and species with narrow ranges and short generation times the greatest. Climate changed most in north-east Amazonia while the best remaining conditions for lowland moist forest species were in western Amazonia. Main conclusions To maintain the greatest resilience of Amazonian biodiversity to climate change as modelled by HADCM2GSa1, highest priority should be given to strengthening and extending protected areas in western Amazonia that encompass lowland and montane forests.
Community experience and personal accomplishment in Alcoholics Anonimous: a phenomenological research

Objetivamos compreender como os sujeitos que se autorrealizam em Alcoolicos Anonimos (A.A.) vivenciam a experiencia comunitaria nesse contexto e como essa experiencia se associa a realizacao e formacao pessoal. Realizamos entrevistas com quatro participantes de A.A. , cujos dados foram analisados fenomenologicamente. Apreendemos que o encontro com o outro possibilita a ressignificacao da vida e da condicao de alcoolista, crescimento pessoal e autorrealizacao; a convivencia comunitaria e marcada por relacoes de amizade, solidariedade, construcao do contexto de A.A. que e sustento para o processo de recuperacao. Concluimos que a realizacao pessoal, a conquista e a manutencao da sobriedade sao favorecidas pela formacao pessoal de vinculos comunitarios em A.A. e pela sintonia entre principios formais e valores pessoais.
Use of anisotropic laser etching to the top n-GaN layer to alleviate current-crowding effect in vertical-structured GaN-based light-emitting diodes

To equalize the resistance of all possible current paths in regular vertical-conducting metal-substrate GaN-based light-emitting diodes (VM-LEDs), an anisotropic laser etching to the surface layer (n-GaN) of 40mil VM-LEDs for improving light emission uniformity and light output power is proposed and demonstrated. The feasibility of the proposed scheme was verified by current and light emission distribution as well as light extraction rate simulations. In conjunction with a nonuniform excimer laser beam irradiation through a mask and rotation of the epitaxy wafer, VM-LEDs with a concave-surface n-GaN layer were also fabricated. Typical improvement in light output power by 38%–26% at an injection current of 350mA as compared to the one without anisotropic etching has been obtained.
On the Institutional Details that Mediate the Impact of Cash Crops on Food Crop Intensification: The Case of Cotton

The surge in basic food commodity prices in 2007/08 and again in 2011, have led to a renewed focus among governments and donors on agricultural growth, especially in staple food production in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is widely agreed that smallholder-led agricultural growth would contribute most to improved food security and reduced poverty. Yet, how to achieve broader and more sustainable access by smallholder farmers to productivity enhancing inputs for food crop production remains a largely unsolved riddle. In light of the great institutional diversity across cotton sectors in Sub-Saharan Africa, this study investigates whether cotton market structures can be used to spur the intensification of smallholder food production. Especially, it examines how the particular institutional structure of a cotton sector might affect its ability to spur such growth in food crop intensification and productivity. With this aim, a conceptual framework linking cotton institutional structures to food crop intensification is first developed. Drawing on the literature, country experience is then reviewed and predictions from the conceptual framework are compared with empirical evidence.
Antecedents of customer satisfaction in the higher education institutions of South Africa

Higher education institutions like most other organisations have realized the importance of customer- centred approach to survive amongst competitors. This is very important keeping in mind the globalisation of higher education and consequent competition. The primary objective of the study is to determine the impact of different variables on customer satisfaction in the higher education sector. More explicitly, this study has the following aims; to identify the effect of support facilities and infrastructure on customer satisfaction; to ascertain the effect of location and access on customer satisfaction and to determine the effect of image and marketing on customer satisfaction. A random sample of three hundred and ninety-one students was chosen. A review of the structural model indicates that only one hypothesis can be supported statistically, i.e., the causal link from support facilities and infrastructure to customer satisfaction.
Applications of Fuzzy Technology in Business Intelligence

Fuzzy Set Theory has been developed during the last decades to a demanding mathematical theory. There exist more than 50,000 publications in this area by now. Unluckily the number of reports on applications of fuzzy technology has become very scarce. The reasons for that are manifold: Real applications are normally not single-method-applications but rather complex combinations of different techniques, which are not suited for a publication in a journal. Sometimes considerations of competition my play a role, and sometimes the theoretical core of an application is not suited for publication. In this paper we shall focus on applications of fuzzy technology on real problems in business management. Two versions of fuzzy technology will be used: Fuzzy Knowledge based systems and fuzzy clustering. It is assumed that the reader is familiar with basic fuzzy set theory and the goal of the paper is, to show that the potential of applying fuzzy technology in management is still very large and hardly exploited so far.
INVERSE SEMIGROUPS

In this note it is shown that if S is a free inverse semigroup of rank at least two and if e, f are idempotents of S such that e > f then S can be embedded in the partial semigroup eSe\fSf. The proof makes use of Scheiblich's construction for free inverse semigroups [7,8] and of Reilly's characterisation of a set of free generators in an inverse semigroup [4,5]. The terminology and notation throughout is that of Howie [2]. For any two sets M and N we denote by M\N the set of all elements of M that are not in N. Let X be a nonempty set and let G denote the free group SF^x on X [1, Ch. 7]. The elements of G are the 'reduced words' in the alphabet XUX", where X" denotes the set of formal inverses of the elements of X, and the identity of G is the empty word 1. The length (more precisely, the X-length) l(a) of aeG is defined by
Single-domain spectral method for black hole puncture data

We calculate puncture initial data corresponding to both single and binary black hole solutions of the constraint equations by means of a pseudospectral method applied in a single spatial domain. Introducing appropriate coordinates, these methods exhibit rapid convergence of the conformal factor and lead to highly accurate solutions. As an application we investigate small mass ratios of binary black holes and compare these with the corresponding test mass limit that we obtain through a semianalytical limiting procedure. In particular, we compare the binding energy of puncture data in this limit with that of a test particle in the Schwarzschild spacetime and find that it deviates by 50% from the Schwarzschild result at the innermost stable circular orbit of Schwarzschild, if the ADM mass at each puncture is used to define the local black hole masses.
Run-Length Coding Algorithm Based Satellite Image Compression

Image compression is an application based on data compression of the digital images. Its main objective is to reduce the redundancy of the image data for storing and transmitting data in an easy way. In this system we are proposing a compression technique based on the Run-length coding algorithm based on satellite image compression. The Run-length coding algorithm is a part of the Lossless compression algorithm. The performance evolution can be done by calculating the PSNR values of the compressed images.
Firm Size, Dual Brokerage, and National Franchise Affiliation of Real Estate Brokerage Firms: Unexpected Results from 2008 to 2013

In this study, we examine the impact of real estate brokerage firm characteristics on real estate prices from 2008 to 2013. We focus on single-family homes and condominiums in Duval County, the largest county in the Northeast Florida real estate market. Contrary to most research findings to date, we have strong evidence to suggest that homebuyers will fare better if they associate with small brokerage firms to represent their interests in the purchase transaction. Contrary to the previously published research, we found that firms associated with a national franchise garnered lower final sales prices.
IMAGING NEWLY SYNTHESIZED PROTEINS IN LIVING CELLS 5.1 Abstract Proteins tagged with azide-containing amino acids or sugars can be selectively modified by alkyne-containing fluorophores in complex cellular environments. Many of the azide-reactive coupling partners reported thus far are membrane impe

5.1 Abstract Proteins tagged with azide-containing amino acids or sugars can be selectively modified by alkyne-containing fluorophores in complex cellular environments. Many of the azide-reactive coupling partners reported thus far are membrane impermeant and require a toxic copper catalyst, making the visualization of intracellular proteins in live cells difficult. We have synthesized a series of fluorescent coumarin-cyclooctyne conjugates and tested their ability to label intracellular proteins tagged with the methionine analogue azidohomoalanine in Rat-1 fibroblasts. Confocal fluorescence micrographs showed that all four fluorophores labeled intracellular proteins; the nonand monofluorinated cyclooctyne dye-labeling was localized to the cytoplasm, while the more reactive difluorinated cyclooctyne dye showed both cytoplasmic and nuclear staining. The increase in fluorescence over background ranged from 8to 20-fold, as measured by flow cytometry using concentrations of 10 or 50 μM, depending on the dye. Staining with MitoTracker Red and propidium iodide indicated that cells remained viable during labeling and imaging. These coumarin-cyclooctyne conjugates provide a powerful new tool for visualizing protein dynamics inside living cells.
Quality of life among brazilian women having undergone surgery for breast cancer: validity and reliability of the quality of life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and breast cancer module (QLQ BR-23).

The aim of the present study was to verify the measurement properties of the generic Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and specific Breast Cancer Module (QLQ BR-23) for assessing the quality of life of Brazilian women having undergone breast cancer surgery. The measurement properties of the instruments were evaluated with regard to internal consistency, discriminant validity, criteria validity, and test-retest reliability. Adequate internal consistency indices (α=0.47 to 085) were demonstrated. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine criteria validity, demonstrating that the domains for pain (PA), emotional functioning (EF) and social functioning (SF) explained 46% of the variance. The instruments presented satisfactory test-retest reliability in both the interobserver and intra-observer evaluations. The EORTC QLQ-C30 and BR-23 instruments proved adequate in assessing the quality of life of Brazilian women having undergone breast cancer surgery and also demonstrated the importance of assessing the quality of life as a health indicator with the aim of seeking more qualified and humanized care.