Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Carbon Sequestration in Soil Aggregates

Soil and crop management practices have a profound impact on carbon (C) sequestration, but the mechanisms of interaction between soil structure and soil organic C (SOC) dynamics are not well understood. Understanding how an aggregate stores and protects SOC is essential to developing proper management practices to enhance SOC sequestration. The objectives of this article are to: (1) describe the importance of plants and soil functions on SOC sequestration, (2) review the mechanisms of SOC sequestration within aggregates under different vegetation and soil management practices, (3) explain methods of assessing distribution of SOC within aggregates, and (4) identify knowledge gaps with regards to SOC and soil structural dynamics. The quality and quantity of plant residues define the amount of organic matter and thus the SOC pool in aggregates. The nature of plant debris (C:N ratio, lignin content, and phenolic compound content) affects the rate of SOC sequestration. Mechanisms of interaction of aggregate dynamics with SOC are complex and embrace a range of spatial and temporal processes within macro- ( > 250 μ m e.c.d.) and microaggregates ( < 250 μ m e.c.d.). A relevant mechanism for SOC sequestration within aggregates is the confinement of plant debris in the core of the microaggregates. The C-rich young plant residues form and stabilize macroaggregates, whereas the old organic C is occluded in the microaggregates. Interactions of clay minerals with C rich humic compounds in correlation with clay mineralogy determine the protection and storage of SOC. Principal techniques used to assess the C distribution in aggregates include the determination of total organic C in different aggregate size fractions, isotopic methods to assess the turnover and storage of organic C in aggregates, and computed tomography and X-ray scattering to determine the internal porosity and inter-aggregate attributes. The literature is replete with studies on soil and crop management influences on total organic C and soil aggregation. However, research reports on the interactions of SOC within aggregates for C sequestration are scanty. Questions still remain on how SOC interacts physically and chemically with aggregates, and research is needed to understand the mechanisms responsible for the dynamics of aggregate formation and stability in relation to C sequestration.
Index Terms—Comfirmatory Factor Analysis, Gender Equality, Self-Control (LOC), New Ecological Paradigm (NEP). I. INTRODUCTION “Gender is a social perception regarding with quality of life, achievement, or competence in their participation at a specific traditional community, especially viewed by the

68 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Retrieval Number: F10130486C219 /19©BEIESP Abstract— Objective of this research was to verify whether there is differences of male and female students (gender) concern with ecosystem knowledge, internal-external self-control (LOC) and New Ecological Paradigm (NEP). An Ex post facto used by selecting randomly 362 students from three big city in Indonesia. There were three instruments developed to measure students' NEP (62 items, reliability/rel. 0.87), knowledge (17 items, rel. 0.72), and LOC (17 items, rel. 0.63). Data analyzed by t-test and confirmatory factor analysis. Research results revealed that there was no significant differences of male and female students related to ecosystem knowledge, LOC and students' NEP. The mean of students' ecosystem knowledge was differ between male and female students found in city of Palembang. It could be concluded that, based on those findings, education has a vital role in affecting non-discrimination treatments among those variables involved based on gender equality. Even though students stay in different cities background, their knowledge about ecosystem, LOC and NEP based on gender have a similarity due to educational system. Based on factor analysis, female students' NEP has higher internal consistency than male students in term of its factor loading and number of factors omitted. It is argued that female student has wider ecological view and more sensitive in responding the environmental issues, where none of research, so far, reported about this case.
A Fuzzy-TOPSIS Method for Optimizing of Forging Problems

Forging industry consists of simple procedural steps, but a lots of problems are associated with the forging industries. This paper describes the major problems in forging industries along with their cause and effect that reduce the extent of profits. An attempt has also been made to apply Fuzzy multi-criteria combined with TOPSIS method in ranking the problems on the basis of various parameters. This approach improves the quality of manufacturing for forging goods, material availability & its price, fuel supply, technology upgradation, material wastage etc. The proposed approach is very useful due to its capability of providing optimal results with incomplete significant information. The study is the first of its type in forging industries. A numerical model is considered to indicate the effectiveness of the present technique.
The development and testing of a macroinvertebrate biotic index for detecting the impact of acidity on streams

A new macroinvertebrate biotic index for assessing the impact of acidity on streams and rivers in England and Wales is presented, the Acid Waters Indicator Community index (AWIC). Using a 1042 sample training dataset, the AWIC index was derived by firstly using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to identify independent physical variables that best accounted for the observed macroinvertebrate communities. Secondly, partial CCA was used to factor out the confounding influence of physical variables other than mean pH. Thirdly, the ranking of taxa along the first axis of the pCCA (strongly correlated with mean pH) was the basis for assignment of index scores. Ephemeridae and Physidae were among the most acid sensitive taxa (AWIC score of 6), while Chloroperlidae and Nemouridae were the most tolerant of low pH conditions (AWIC score of 1). Within the training dataset, AWIC was strongly correlated with mean pH (r s = 0.814, P <0.001). Testing on an independent dataset of 2710 samples, AWIC was also more effective at discriminating between samples of differing mean pH and gave rise to fewer Type I errors (false positives) than an existing biotic index derived by a classification approach. Our analysis suggests that at family level, macroinvertebrate communities are not characterised by a specific obligate acid-waters assemblage so that while most acidic sites primarily support families that are acid tolerant, these families are also commonly found in circum-neutral waters. The AWIC index distinguishes acid sites by the absence of any of a large number of acid sensitive families, any of which can shift the overall AWIC index towards one indicative of higher pH. The AWIC index should compliment existing family and species level acidity indices and should be of use to regulatory authorities charged with assessing the biological consequences of acidity in streams and rivers.
Infinitely many-armed bandits

We consider multi-armed bandit problems where the number of arms is larger than the possible number of experiments. We make a stochastic assumption on the mean-reward of a new selected arm which characterizes its probability of being a near-optimal arm. Our assumption is weaker than in previous works. We describe algorithms based on upper-confidence-bounds applied to a restricted set of randomly selected arms and provide upper-bounds on the resulting expected regret. We also derive a lower-bound which matches (up to a logarithmic factor) the upper-bound in some cases.
The subsequent paragraphs are devoted to the modeling of the machine and simulation of the motion in ADAMS environment. By building up

This paper is about a mechanical solution to vibration problem of a wrapper flow pack mechanism, which is used in packaging industry. The target mechanism is the welding head of the machine where the vibration is generated, due to eccentric masses rotating with a cut-on-the-fly motion law. Consequently, production rate is limited by the vibration at 200 pieces per minute. To reduce the vibration so that the production rate can exceed over 200 ppm, two ways of improvements are considered. The first one is optimizing the motion law. The other one consists in mechanical modifications which eliminates or balance out the inertia forces derived from the eccentric rotating mass. This research implements the second way of adding balance weights and discusses the properties of it. During analysis, the software ADAMS which provides kinematic simulation is used as the analytical tool to test and examine the solutions proposed.
Integration of Machine Translation in CAT Tools: State of the Art, Evaluation and User Attitudes

There have been proposed various techniques for combining machine translation (MT) and translation memory (TM) technologies in order to enhance retrieved TM matches and increase translators’ productivity. We provide an overview of these techniques and propose a way of classifying them. According to the results of our user survey, many translators are not aware of MT feature in their computer-assisted translation (CAT) tool. However, more than a half of the population perceive such combination as useful. We argue that it is necessary to take into account user perspective when evaluating MT and CAT integration and suggest characteristics of such evaluation.
Classification of Telephone Subscriber Errors Based on Text Messages in Vietnamese Language

: This article describes a method for automatically classifying telecommunications subscriber errors based on text messages, using a machine learning method Support Vector Machine (SVM). The SVM method trains and tests on a set of data obtained from the text messages in Vietnamese of the actual line workers sending to the service operation centers. The results show that the proposed classification method using the SVM gives high accuracy and can be applied in practice.
Improvement Strategies for Logistics Management – TOC Approach

This study applied the Theory of Constraints for discussing logistics issues of national research institutions and understanding the core issues. The purpose of this paper was to discuss the reengineering of national research institutions, improvements to logistics management processes, and to raise competitive power under the current environment. First, core issues were fully understood, and then hierarchy analysis was applied to determine the weights of factors affecting issues for analysis of future development trends in order to provide logistics management recommendations. The findings indicate that the most effective incentive scheme was the establishment of a logistics managerial department, of which the logistics management factors of the current system structure had the highest influential degree, followed by performance index and organizational culture. In this study, many initiative schemes were proposed through personal brainstorming. In the future, other initiative schemes could be developed in this manner, and from different standpoints, other improvement methods could be proposed. The national research institution system is large, and involves many operational processes; thus, many constraints are established in order to avoid malpractice. In actual execution, operational flexibility is lower due to the constraints, thus, excessive operation costs are often wasted. 1 National I-Lan University Department of Applied Economics and Management 2 Department of Management Information System,National Chengchi University 3 Department of Management Information Systems, National Chengchi University * Corresponding author, E-mail address: misterwang645@gmail.com Ching-Wen Lin, Yan-Ping Chi, Chih-Hung Wang 26 How to create a balance between the prevention of malpractice and elevation of efficiency to reduce omissions and increase administrative efficiency will pose challenges for decision makers. The Theory of Constraints focuses on the communication and coordination among approvers, builders, and decision makers. If the three departments are in communication, processes will become easier; if not, their discussions and good faith interactions will be important, and patience will be an indispensable factor, which can facilitate communications.
Mortality among hybrid poplar clones in a stool bed following leaf rust caused by Melampsoramedusae f.sp. deltoidae

Melampsoramedusae Thuem. f.sp. deltoidae was found to be the primary cause of leaf rust in a stool bed, in Westport, Oregon, on 41 hybrid poplar clones. Each clone was represented by approximately 1000 ramets planted in a block in spring of 1992. Rust severity was rated, using the Schreiner scale (0–100), on three dates in the fall of 1992: August 28, September 18, and October 28, 1992. Of the 41 clones, 1, 12, and 21 scored 100 (i.e., maximal rust) on the three rating dates, respectively. Percent mortality the following spring was estimated for each clone on May 19. Correlation coefficients for rust severity versus mortality on the three rating dates were 0.89 (p < 0.0001), 0.85 (p < 0.0001), and 0.63 (p < 0.0001), respectively. Thus, rust severity and subsequent mortality were highly correlated, especially on the first rating date characterized by maximal infection of the most susceptible clone.
DIFFERENT LAND USE INFLUENCES ON AMINO ACID, ORGANIC ACID, HORMONE AND MINERAL NUTRIENT CONTENTS OF DRY BEANS

Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a widely grown and important food legume which is a major source of mineral nutrition. The present study digs in determining differences in nutrients, organic-amino acid and hormone concentrations of Ispir bean genotypes under different land use conditions. The study sites (32 locations) were identified according to the stratified sampling method in the Ispir district, Erzurum, Turkey, under consideration of bean-cultivated lands and the number of villages. The seed weights were higher for genotype no. 4 (137.5 g) than for genotype no. 14 (131.5 g) and following by all other genotypes. Moreover, values for crude protein content were significantly higher for genotype no. 14 (263.1 g/kg) in comparison to genotype no. 4 (256.9 g/kg) and other genotypes. Therefore, it is concluded that land use impacts seed weight, nutrient, crude protein, amino acid, organic acid and hormone contents of Ispir dry bean. Land use can result economic improvements in crop yields and yield components. Dry bean seed weights were impacted by other crop yield components such as amino acid, organic acid and hormone contents of dry bean.
A Novel Deep Learning Based Sentiment Analysis of Movie using Hybrid CNN_SVM Algorithm

Data flow in web is becoming high and vast, extracting useful and meaningful information from the same is especially significant. The extracted information can be utilized for enhanced decision making. The information provided by the end-users is normally in the form of comments with respect to different products and services. Sentiment analysis is effectively carried out in these kinds of compact review to give away the people’s opinion of any products. This analyzed data will be efficient to improve the business strategy. In our work the collected online movie reviews are analyzed by using machine learning sentiment classification models like Random Forest, Naive Bayes, KNN and SVM. The work has been extended with CNN and hybrid CNN-SVM deep learning models to achieve higher performance. Comparing the workings of all the above classification models for sentiment analysis based upon various performance metrics is the main objective of the paper.
Molecular evidence for the contribution of methylobacteria to the pink-pigmentation process in pink-colored plants

Abstract The presence of Fe-efficient pink-pigmented methylobacterium (Fe-PPM) has been recently certified in the leaves of Celosia plant by priming of a specific Fe-siderophore receptor gene in our laboratory (GenBank accession number: FM955594). Considering Celosia as a pink-colored plant, a new proposal was made with regard to the possible contribution of Fe-PPM in the pigmentation process of this plant. To examine this, the quantitative expression level of methylobacterial-type Fe siderophore receptor gene was analyzed in differentially scored colored leaves of Celosia cristata. The normalized gene expression data analysis using 2−ΔΔCt method revealed that there is a positive correlation between the expression level of target gene and the intensity of the test leaf color as well as the total flavonoid content, total carotenoid content, and total antioxidative capacity as representatives of color intensity. The overall results lead to questioning'Do Fe-PPM reliably contributes the pigmentation process in pink-colored plants? ’ However, this research will open a new gate to study the putative communicative roles of these bacteria in plants.
Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear rDNA ITS sequences of Korean allium l. subgenus Rhizirideum (Alliaceae)

Phylogenetic relationships among the Korean taxa of the genus Allium sub‐genus Rhizirideum and some related taxa were assessed on the basis of ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Twenty‐eight accessions of the genus Allium L. consisting of subgenera Rhizirideum (19 taxa), Allium (5 taxa) and Amerallium (one taxon) were analyzed. The variation in the ITS region was informative at the levels of section except for sect. Reticulato‐ bulbosa which is known to be of multiple origin. The ITS 2 region was longer than the ITS 1 region, and all of the investigated Allium taxa were the same in length in the 5.8S region except for A. monanthum. Allium cyaneum var. cyaneum was the shortest (635 bp) and A. victorialis the longest (646 bp) among the investigated Korean taxa. The three morphologically similar taxa, A. thunbergii, A. sacculiferum that has been included in A. thunbergii, and A. deltoide‐ Jistulosum, had the same ITS lengths of 641 bp, but were clearly distinguished in the phylogenetic analysis of their ITS sequences.
Using the Component-Based Search Pattern to Enhance Reusing Product Discovery Mechanism in Mobile Adaptive E-Commerce WebApps

E-commerce webapps provide people with comfortable ways to expose and order products. Ability to ubiquitously performing e-commerce activities like searching functionality is essential to e-commerce scenarios. The advent of smartphones is provided a novel insight into e-business. Unfortunately the innate features of handheld devices like different width and height size, memory capacity, and other software and hardware features lead to confuse customers on searching products or services and seeing results in a proper manner. To help better discovery of products using smartphones, this study provides best design practices (patterns) to supply searching abilities. The paper consists all component-based search patterns needed to discover the products and to show the results. For each search pattern; problem, motivation, context, forces and a solution is provided regarding capabilities of different smartphones. Finally the study discusses how using the collection of search patterns provide enhanced discovery mechanism in the context of smartphones via presenting known examples from well-known WeabApps.
Determination and estimation of phosphorus availability in growing poultry and their historical development

The variability of phosphorus (P) availability in poultry feeds is large, primarily caused by differences in the contents of phytate and intrinsic or exogenous phytase and by differences between non-phytate sources of P. Attempts to consider this variability in feed formulations has led to the development of different approaches to determine P availability. In the past seventy years, different response criteria and descriptive terms for available P have been used. In this review, response criteria that are often used will be described, including their development over time. Focus is be given to growing poultry and to quantitative approaches based on P retention and precaecal digestibility, relative bioavailability based on bone data, and in vitro solubility tests. In conclusion, precaecal digestibility and retention are the most appropriate criteria for evaluating P sources in poultry. The use of blood inorganic phosphorus (Pi) concentrations and performance data is discouraged for the purpose of evaluation. Bone response data can provide relative availability values for P sources. More research is needed to explore whether P retention data can be re-calculated from existing bone response data. Improvements in in vitro approaches for estimating P availability are suggested.
A biochemical approach for identifying plastics exposure in live wildlife

Plastic pollution is a long‐standing ubiquitous issue. Global use of plastics is continuing to rise, and there is increasing interest in understanding the prevalence and risk associated with exposure of wildlife to plastics, particularly in the marine environment. In order To facilitate an assessment of ingestion of plastics in seabird populations, we developed a minimally invasive tool that allows for detection of exposure to plastics. Using a simple swabbing technique in which the waxy preen oil is expressed from the uropygial gland of birds, we successfully tested for the presence of three common plasticizers: dimethyl, dibutyl and diethylhexyl phthalate [dimethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate and bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐phthalate, respectively]. These plasticizers are prevalent in the manufacturing of plastic end‐user items which often end up in the marine environment. Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and protocols to reduce background contamination, we were confidently able to detect targeted plasticizers at low levels. The method described has broad applicability for detecting plastics exposure in wildlife at individual, population and species levels. Furthermore, the approach can be readily modified as needed to survey for plastics exposure in taxa other than seabirds. Applying the simple, minimally invasive approach we describe here is particularly appealing for detecting plastics exposure at population and species levels, it shows promise for quantification and it has no observed detrimental impacts to wildlife.
The Messenger 120

SINCE THE BEGINNING OF 2005 ANOTHER SUCCESS STORY HAS GONE INTO REGULAR OPERATION AT THE ESO FACILITIES ON PARANAL. ON UT4 (YEPUN) AN ADAPTIVE OPTICS ASSISTED NEAR INFRARED INTEGRAL FIELD SPECTROMETER MAKES AN ASTRONOMER’S DREAM COME TRUE: OBTAINING A DIFFRACTION-LIMITED IMAGE OF WHICH EACH PIXEL CONTAINS A FULL SPECTRUM. IN FACT, SUCH DATA ARE BEST THOUGHT OF AS A CUBE RATHER THAN A FLAT IMAGE. SINFONI IS THE NAME OF THE NEW INSTRUMENT AND A WHOLE SYMPHONY OF EXCITING SCIENCE RESULTS HAS BEEN OBTAINED ALREADY.