Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant activity of the fractions from water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) extract

Free radicals including reactive oxygen species are continuously increasing in the human body. This condition causes the unbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the human body. An antioxidant is a compound with the ability to reduce the harmfulness of the free radical. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of fractions and analyzed the functional groups of water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) methanol extract. The separation process was performed by using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography. The separated fractions were measured for their antioxidant activity by using the 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assay. The functional groups of each fraction were determined by using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The separation of water lettuce extract by using column chromatography produced seven fractions with different colors and confirmed by using TLC. The antioxidant activity showed the highest activity in the third fraction with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 131.66 ppm. The fifth fraction with the IC50 was about 184.62 ppm. Whereas, the first, second, fourth, sixth, and seventh fractions were relatively weak with the IC50 more than 200 ppm. The FT-IR spectrum also showed that the intensity hydroxyl group in the third fraction higher than the seventh fraction.
Phosphorus ameliorates aluminium toxicity of Al-sensitive wheat seedlings.

The role of phosphorus (P) in the amelioration of aluminium (Al) toxicity to plants is still unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the amelioration of Al toxicity by P supply. The study involved growing Al-sensitive wheat seedlings for 13 days in an acidic soil (pH 4.5 in CaCl2) with increasing added rates of P (0, 20, 40 and 80 mg P/kg soil) and Al (0, 50 and 150 mg AlCl3/kg soil). The results indicated that the effects of Al toxicity in this soil could be fully alleviated by the application of P at 50 mg AlCl3/kg. The highest 150 mg/kg AlCl3 treatment significantly reduced root growth, but this was partially overcome by the 80 mg/kg P treatment. High P significantly reduced the concentration of Al in the apoplast, and in the root and shoot. It is possible that an insoluble Al-P complex forms in the soil and this decreases Al bound in apoplast as well as uptake into the roots. High P decreased the translocation of Al from root to shoot.
Avoiding Crowded Places During COVID-19: Simple Choice or Complex Strategic Decision?

Policies focused on avoiding crowded places are considered essential in combating the swift diffusion of COVID-19 infections. Adhering to these policies, however, has proven to be more challenging for the population than initially expected. We argue that ambiguity in the recommendation to “avoid crowded places” implicitly forces individuals to make a complex strategic decision. Using a large, representative survey, we examine the effect of key factors, such as context and personal characteristics, on the decision to visit a crowded place amongst 1,048 Dutch citizens. We find that people use information about the crowdedness on the streets to (inaccurately) predict the behavior of others, in order to either optimize their own decision or violate the recommendation. Moreover, we show that education, age, health risk attitude, and COVID-19 exposure all influence the likelihood of going out. Although our results show that a majority of the population intends to abide to policy recommendations, the lack of up-to-date, location-specific information often leads to unintentional violation of the recommendations, ultimately leading to crowded areas.
The Impact of Social Anxiety during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Adolescence

Social Anxiety among youth has proliferated during the pandemic. Due to the global shift in social interactions and interpersonal behaviors, the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the psychological burden on many, especially those vulnerable to anxiety. This paper explores the impact of general and social anxiety on the population at large, and then shifts focus to explore the measurement of social anxiety and the treatments currently targeted toward youths. In particular, recent developments in technology-based assessment tools and interactive treatments offer promise for combating social anxiety among youth. Among these, the novel means for both assessing and treating the symptoms of social anxiety are discussed. Finally, the paper brings attention to the new social norm as the world continues to fight against the pandemic with novel resources that need further development. Social anxiety among youth will remain a topic of concern as the pattern of social interactions, peer relationships and interpersonal distancing has changed.
Implications of Covid-19 on Auditor’s Reporting

AbstractTwenty years ago, nobody will ever think that the world will experience what we are experiencing right now. The whole world had been put in uncertainty due to pandemic which started from the city of Wuhan, China. This pandemic called COVID-19 had affected everyone’s life including many companies in Indonesia. It has impact on audit quality. Matters are analyzed through input/output based on Francis (2011) and Knechel (2010). This research adopts desk study method to investigate the impact of COVID-19 to audit quality. It suggests the improvement of the regulations (time, and fee), the auditor’s matters (experience, routine, and client). Quality can be based not only by the auditing report as the product from the activity, but from the engagement from the output of this report for long term horizon.
Competitors and ruderals go to town: plant community composition and function along an urbanisation gradient

Urbanisation is expected to function as a filter for plant species by changing the phys-iochemical environment, causing species turnover along an urbanisation gradient. Analyses of the functional traits of species characteristic of different urbanisation levels allow for comparisons across studies, irrespective of exact species composition. This study aims to examine how plant species and functional traits vary with urbanisation. An independent dataset obtained through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility was used to validate the identified indicator species. The study was performed in Trondheim, Norway. Indicator species of two different urbanisation levels were identified from a structured plot vegetation survey, and their functional traits were contrasted. The functional trait patterns were compared to patterns identified from an independent GBIF dataset. Changes in species composition along the urbanisation gradient identified a shift in environmental- and anthropogenic variables, filtering species with different functional traits. Indicators of urban areas displayed higher SLA, nitrogen affinity and disturbance tolerance than indicators from non-urban areas. Not all functional trait differences observed between the indicator species from the vegetation survey were recognised in the independent dataset from GBIF. Nevertheless, the overall trends were consistent. Urbanisation favours species adhering to different trait syndromes than species outside of urban areas; disturbance-over stress-tolerance, and species adapted for rapid resource acquisition rather than species adapted for resource conservation.
Description of a New Brooding Species of Ophiodelos (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Japan

A new species of brittle star, Ophiodelos okayoshitakai, is described from two specimens collected in Sagami Bay, central-eastern Japan. Photographic examination of the holotype specimen of the sole other congener, Ophiodelos insignis Koehler, 1930, indicates that Ophiodelos okayoshitakai sp. nov. is distinguished from O. insignis by i) the disc stumps covering on the dorsal side of the disc, ii) the dorsal and ventral arm plates being separated from each other on the proximal arm regions, iii) the dorsal arm plate being smooth, iv) the arm spines at proximal portion of the arm being six in number and smooth in shape, and v) the number and shape of the tentacle scales at proximal portion of the arm being up to two and spine-shaped adradially and oval abradially. Detailed morphological observations of this new species suggest the inclusion of Ophiodelos, whose familial affiliation remains unclear, in the suborder Ophiacanthina. More than 10 juveniles of various sizes were found in the disc of Ophiodelos okayoshitakai sp. nov., indicating a brooding reproduction. This is the first report of the genus Ophiodelos from Japanese waters. We also provided a nucleotide sequence for part of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene in O. okayoshitakai sp. nov. for future studies of DNA barcoding and phylogeny.
The Relationship between Well-Being and Knowledge Sharing

This research studies the relationship between well-being and knowledge sharing. While user innovation has garnered greater attention in recent years, the market has failed to properly incentivize the diffusion of user innovations. This study proposes that this shortcoming could be resolved through a consumer-to-consumer (C-to-C) marketplace and sheds light on non-financial benefits for the contributors, specifically, how knowledge sharing impacts contributor well-being. This research consists of two online survey studies. In both studies, the level of well-being was compared between knowledge sharing contributors and a control group using a scale developed in positive psychology. This study empirically shows that participation in knowledge sharing has a significant positive impact on contributor well-being. In a C-to-C marketplace, contributors diffuse and monetize their creations themselves, resulting in increased well-being. Contributing to knowledge sharing may be a sufficient incentive for user innovators to diffuse their innovations. The findings of this study will gain significance as the utilization of personal knowledge increases due to the expansion of the C-to-C business and the paradigm shift in work style.
Trust as the basis of Partnership between small Enterprises and banks

The presented study touches upon two groups of problems that significantly affect the development of the Russian economy. The first of them is the creation of conditions for the expansion and formation of small business, which, in particular, is a priority area of one of the national projects. The second problem is the establishment of relations of interfirm trust in the domestic business environment, which is in demand in various sectors of the economy and has become, for example, the dominant topic of the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum. Hence, the paper aims to form, on the basis of trust relations, a model of interaction between small enterprises and banks, which makes it easier to obtain loans. The object of the paper is intercorporate (B2B) trust, and the subject is the improvement of relationships between small businesses and banks on the basis of trust. The methodological basis of the study is an integral approach that combines both institutional and sociological views on the phenomenon of trust, and the traditional economic analysis of the relationship between banks and their clients, small enterprises. The analysis showed, on the one hand, the complexity of the relationship between banks and small enterprises, and on the other hand, the prospects of these clients for banks. There was also demonstrated the role of the B2B trust as a tool for establishing steady mutually beneficial contacts of the subjects under consideration. The author concluded that the model of partnership between small enterprises and banks, based on the establishment of relations of trust between the parties, will stimulate investment processes in small business and support its development. The study presents the organizational solutions for the establishment of the proposed model.
A narrow‐band circularly polarized leaky‐wave antenna with open stopband suppressed

In this paper, a narrow‐band circularly polarized (CP) microstrip leaky‐wave antenna (LWA) with open stopband suppressed is proposed. Coupled meandered slow‐wave lines are adopted to realize narrow‐band beam scanning. The asymmetric elements are employed as radiators to realize CP and zero‐crossing scanning. We modulated the antenna by loading the ground inductance and asymmetric capacitors on the meandered slow‐wave transmission line. The antenna consists of ten asymmetrical structural elements connected by coupling, the antenna size of L × W is 170 mm × 25 mm. In the operating band of 8.1 to 8.5 GHz, the measured scanning angel of the fabricated antenna is from −31°to +6°. The antenna axial ratios (ARs) are all below 3 dB at the corresponding beam directions. The gain is above 9.1 dBi and the relative bandwidth is only 4.8%. In the operating band, the radiation efficiency is above 60%. It has potential applications in radar detection and wireless communication systems for its simple and low‐profile structure with CP, beam‐scanning, and narrow‐band performance.
Landscape Controls on Water‐Energy‐Carbon Fluxes Across Different Ecosystems During the North American Monsoon

The dependence of arid and semiarid ecosystems on seasonal rainfall is not well understood when sites have access to groundwater. Gradients in terrain conditions in northwest México can help explore this dependence as different ecosystems experience rainfall during the North American monsoon (NAM), but can have variations in groundwater access as well as in soil and microclimatic conditions that depend on elevation. In this study, we analyze water‐energy‐carbon fluxes from eddy covariance (EC) systems deployed at three sites: a subtropical scrubland, a riparian mesquite woodland, and a mountain oak savanna to identify the relative roles of soil and microclimatic conditions and groundwater access. We place datasets during the NAM season of 2017 into a wider context using previous EC measurements, nearby rainfall data, and remotely‐sensed products. We then characterize differences in soil, vegetation, and meteorological variables; latent and sensible heat fluxes; and carbon budget components. We find that lower elevation ecosystems exhibited an intense and short greening period leading to a net carbon release, while the high elevation ecosystem showed an extensive water use strategy with delayed greening of longer duration leading to net carbon uptake during the NAM. Access to groundwater appears to reduce the dependence of deep‐rooted riparian trees at low elevation and mountain trees on seasonal rainfall, allowing for a lower water use efficiency as compared to subtropical scrublands sustained by water in shallow soils. Thus, a transition from intensive to extensive water use strategies can be expected where there is reliable access to groundwater.
Diversity, Prevalence and Risk Assessment of Nematode Parasites in Tatera indica found in Punjab State

Background: Present study was aimed to record diversity, prevalence and risk assessment of nematode parasites in Indian gerbil, Tatera indica, a wild rodent species found in crop fields. Methods: Total 180 Indian gerbils (T. indica) were live trapped from crop fields of Ludhiana, Punjab between April, 2019 to March, 2020 and examined for the diversity and prevalence of nematode parasites in liver and gastrointestinal tract. Result: Only 33 (18.33%) gerbils were found infected with four nematodes species i.e. Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (39.40%), Calodium hepaticum (21.21%), Trichuris muris (21.21%) and Syphacia muris (18.18%). Eggs of N. brasiliensis, T. muris and S. muris were found in faecal samples. Pale yellow lesions on surface of liver and subsequent histopathology of infected liver indicated the presence of C. hepaticum eggs entrapped in parenchyma. Host age (χ2 = 8.78, P = 0.03) and season (χ2 = 9.21, P = 0.01) significantly affected the prevalence of N. brassiliensis and C. hepaticum, respectively. Shannon-Weiner index and Species Evenness of nematode parasites were maximum in monsoon season (1.04 and 0.94, respectively). Based on results proper rodent pest management is advised by integrated control measures at village level to prevent spread of diseases caused by them.
Surface thermodynamic characterization of fine coal by Washburn dynamic method

The poor selectivity and high ash content of clean coal are the prominent issues in fine coal flotation.Wettability is one of the important interface properties affecting the fine coal flotation.Thermodynamic characterization of fine coal and main impurity mineral kaolinite was investigated in this study.Washburn dynamic method was used to study the wetting process of different density level coal samples and kaolinite wetted by n-hexane,1-bromine naphthalene,formamide and water as liquid molecular probe.Wetting rate and lipophilic hydrophilic ratio(LHR) was calculated by linear regression analysis method.Washburn equation and van Oss-Chaudhury-Good theory were used to estimate the surface free energy components of samples.The results show that n-hexane wetting rate of coal samples decreases with the increase of density level which is slight,but deionized water wetting rate of coal samples increases.The wetting rates of kaolinite wetted by n-hexane and water are 0.010 1 and 0.020 6 g 2 / s respectively,however,they are higher than that of coal samples.The LHR of kaolinite is 1.44 and kaolinite is hydrophilic;the LHR of coal samples increases with the increase of density level.The middle density level coal sample of 1.5-1.6 g / cm 3 and 1.61. 8 g / cm 3 with similar wetting rates and LHR values are hydrophobic.Surface free energy polar component γ LW s of each density level of coal samples reduces slightly and is all lower than γ LW s of kaolinite.Furthermore,the alkaline force of the sample surface free energy polar components,which is of hydrogen bonding interaction,is correlated to LHR value.The results of regressive release flotation test coincides well with the coal sample surface properties.
Entrepreneurial Performance Construct, Its Dimensions, Measures and Issues

Entrepreneurial performance is a construct evolved from organizational theory and strategic management. It is extensively researched and discussed to define venture success or failure in entrepreneurship domain. However, there is lack of consensus between scholars to choose measures and data sources used to identify the behavior of entrepreneurial performance construct. Due to this they have been facing considerable difficulty to choose accurate and adequate performance measure which is critical to consistent results. Present paper reviews existing literature focusing on entrepreneurial performance construct and its measurements. The purpose of this paper is to identify current position regarding the entrepreneurial performance construct and its measurements and issues. The existing literature related to measurements of entrepreneurial performance were reviewed. The results depicted that vast majority of the studies have considered unidimensional measures especially financial measures as core which covers mostly efficiency, profit and growth dimensions. Very few studies have considered operational, and stakeholder satisfaction dimensions. As like as measures, most of the studies, (more than 75 percent) were used primary data, very few studies were used secondary and triangulated data source. This leads the inaccuracy in results. Key works: Entrepreneurial performance construct, measurements, triangulated data source, organizational performance
Performance Analysis for RF Energy Harvesting Mobile Edge Computing Networks with SIMO/MISO-NOMA Schemes

In this paper, we study an RF energy harvesting mobile edge computing network based on a SIMO/MISO system and NOMA schemes over Nakagami-m fading. Speciﬁcally, a multi-antenna user harvests RF energy from a power station by using a selection combining/maximal ratio combining scheme and oﬄoad its tasks to two MEC servers through downlink NOMA by employing transmit antenna selection/maximal ratio transmission scheme. Accordingly, we investigate the performance of six schemes, namely SC-TAS1, SC-TAS1, MRC-TAS1, MRC-TAS2, SC-MRT, and MRC-MRT, for this considered system. To evaluate the performance, exact closed-form expressions of successful computation probability are derived. We further propose the optimal algorithm to ﬁnd the best parameter sets to achieve the best performance. Moreover, the impacts of the network parameters on the system performance for these schemes are investigated. Finally, the simulation results are also provided to verify the accuracy of our analysis.
The mid‐domain effect and habitat complexity applied to elevational gradients: Moss species richness in a temperate semihumid monsoon climate mountain of China

Abstract The utility of elevational gradients as tools to test either ecological hypotheses and delineate elevation‐associated environmental factors that explain the species diversity patterns is critical for moss species conservation. We examined the elevational patterns of species richness and evaluated the effects of spatial and environmental factors on moss species predicted a priori by alternative hypotheses, including mid‐domain effect (MDE), habitat complexity, energy, and environment proposed to explain the variation of diversity. Last, we assessed the contribution of elevation toward explaining the heterogeneity among sampling sites. We observed the hump‐shaped distribution pattern of species richness along elevational gradient. The MDE and the habitat complexity hypothesis were supported with MDE being the primary driver for richness patterns, whereas little support was found for the energy and the environmental factors.
Toward a multilevel perspective on digital servitization

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical lens on digital servitization (DS) for future research purposes. By developing a multilevel framework that helps structure and untangle its complexity, the authors aim to increase understanding into the persistent challenge of DS.Design/methodology/approachBuilding on a problematization approach, critical incident technique was applied to a comparative, longitudinal, multiple-case study in which DS journeys from one Italian and one Belgian manufacturing firm were analyzed.FindingsAnalysis revealed that different levels and elements of the multilevel framework were simultaneously involved in the identified critical incidents. This huge interconnectedness severely challenged the DS journeys. Managerial (un)responsiveness played a central role in the organizational outcome for both firms.Originality/valueThe authors answer the call for a more holistic approach toward DS. A multilevel framework is provided to be employed by future researchers and practitioners alike. A mid-range theory for DS and propositions for future research are developed.