Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biogeosciences Twentieth century δ 13 C variability in surface water dissolved inorganic carbon recorded by coralline algae in the northern North Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea

The oxygen isotopic composition and Mg/Ca ratios in the skeletons of long-lived coralline algae record ambient seawater temperature over time. Similarly, the carbon isotopic composition in the skeletons record δ13C values of ambient seawater dissolved inorganic carbon. Here, we measuredδ13C in the coralline algaClathromorphum nereostratum to test the feasibility of reconstructing the intrusion of anthropogenic CO2 into the northern North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea. The δ13C was measured in the high Mgcalcite skeleton of threeC. nereostratumspecimens from two islands 500 km apart in the Aleutian archipelago. In the records spanning 1887 to 2003, the average decadal rate of decline inδ13C values increased from 0.03‰ yr −1 in the 1960s to 0.095‰ yr −1 in the 1990s, which was higher than expected due to solely the δ13C-Suess effect. Deeper water in this region exhibits higher concentrations of CO 2 and low δ13C values. Transport of deeper water into surface water (i.e., upwelling) increases when the Aleutian Low is intensified. We hypothesized that the acceleration of the δ13C decline may result from increased upwelling from the 1960s to 1990s, which in turn was driven by increased intensity of the Aleutian Low. Detrendedδ13C records also varied on Correspondence to: B. Williams (branwen.williams@utoronto.ca) 4–7 year and bidecadal timescales supporting an atmospheric teleconnection of tropical climate patterns to the northern North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea manifested as changes in upwelling.
Population dynamics of the spiny country rat ( Niviventer coxingi ) in a subtropical montane forest in central Taiwan

Population dynamics of the spiny country rat Niviventer coxingi were studied by mark–recapture methods from January 1982 to May 1983 in a subtropical montane forest at Chitou, central Taiwan. The population density was < 8 rats/ha. The annual pattern of population fluctuation was characterized by summer increase, autumn peak and spring decline. Adult recruits occurred mostly in summer and autumn 1982, whereas young rats joined the population as three cohorts: winter 1981, summer 1982 and winter 1982. Growth patterns differed between winter and summer cohorts, which was attributed mainly to the slow body weight increase in summer cohort males. Males, either adult or juvenile, survived the winter better than females, resulting in the shorter lifespans and the lower number of females in the population. Life-history traits in female N. coxingi, i.e. short reproductive lifespan, few litters per life time and prolonged maternal care, along with the low breeding intensity, rendered the number of females the limiting factor for population increase. However, females may improve the survival and maturation of their offspring by prolonged maternal care.
Layered Cobaltites and Natural Chalcogenides for Thermoelectrics

We have systematically investigated thermoelectric properties by a series of doping in layered cobaltites Bi2Sr2Co2Oy, verifying the contribution of narrow band. In particular, Sommerfeld coefficient is dependent on charge carriers’ density and as function of density of states (DOS) at Fermi level, which is responsible for the persistent enhancement of large thermoelectric power. Especially for Bi2Sr1.9Ca0. 1Co2Oy, it may provide an excellent platform to be a promising candidate of thermoelectric materials. On the other hand, high-performance thermoelectric materials require elaborate doping and synthesis procedures, particularly the essential thermoelectric mechanism still remains extremely challenging to resolve. In this chapter, we show evidence that thermoelectricity can be directly generated by a natural chalcopyrite mineral Cu1+xFe1−xS2 from a deepsea hydrothermal vent, wherein the resistivity displays an excellent semiconducting character, while the large thermoelectric power and high power factor emerge in the low x region where the electron-magnon scattering and large effective mass manifest, indicative of the strong coupling between doped carriers and localized antiferromagnetic spins, adding a new dimension to realizing the charge dynamics. The present findings advance our understanding of basic behaviors of exotic states and demonstrate that low-cost thermoelectric energy generation and electron/hole carrier modulation in naturally abundant materials is feasible.
SISTEM PENGELOMPOKAN PESERTA DIDIK DI SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI

Abstract: The focus of this research is the base of students grouping, the type of students grouping, the way of students grouping, the positive and negative effect of students grouping, the problems of students grouping, and the way to resolve this problems. This research uses qualitative approach and use case studiesat SD Negeri Model Kota Malang. The result shows students grouping at this school uses the achievement, the characteristic, and the interest of students. Keywords: grouping, students, Elementary School DOI: https://doi.org/10.17977/um025v1i32017p201 Abstrak: Fokus dari penelitian ini adalah dasar pengelompokan peserta didik, jenis pengelompokan peserta didik, cara pengelompokan peserta didik, dampak positif dan negatif pengelompokan peserta didik, kendala dalam pengelompokan peserta didik, dan cara mengatasi kendala pengelompokan peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kulitatif jenis studi kasus, dengan lokasi penelitian di SD Negeri Model Kota Malang. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan pengelompokan peserta didik di sekolah itu menggunakan jenis prestasi, karakteristik, dan bakat minat peserta didik. Kata kunci: Pengelompokan, Peserta didik, SD Negeri
Effects of α-Tocopherol (Vitamin E) and Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) and Their Combination on Growth, Survival and Some Haematological and Immunological Parameters of Caspian Brown Trout, Salmo trutta caspius Juveniles

We examined the effects of different dietary levels of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and αtocopherol (vitamin E) and their combinations on growth, survival; and some haematological and immunological parameters of Caspian brown trout, Salmo trutta caspius juveniles. The experiment was designed as 15 experimental treatments and one control group. 480 fish (35±5.5 g) were fed by experimental diets containing different levels of Vit C and E and control diet separately for a period of 2 months. According to the results, Vit C and E improved survival and growth parameters including specific growth rate (SGR), percent weight gain (WG) and biomass. The highest values of these parameters obtained in T8 (Vit E (30 mg.kg) + Vit C (300 mg.kg) and T9 (Vit E (40 mg.kg) + Vit C (300 mg.kg). The lowest FCR obtained in T8. The haematological parameters including red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), haematocrit (%Hct) and haemoglobin (Hb) were higher in vitamin treated groups than control group with highest values in T8. In T13 (Vit E (20 mg.kg), WBC values were higher compared to other experimental groups. The immunological parameters (lysozyme activity, Immunoglobulin (IgM) and total immunoglobulin (TIg)) were found to be higher in vitamin supplemented groups than in control group with highest values in T12 (Vit C (300 mg.kg-1). In conclusion, our results show that a combination of 30 mg.kg diet -1 Vit E+ 300 mg.kg Vit C or 40 mg.kg Vit E + 300 mg.kg Vit C could be a good option for obtaining appropriate growth and survival in Caspian brown trout juveniles.Caspian brown trout.
Simulating urban dynamics in Latin American cities

Book synopsis: While remote sensing gives a surface depiction of the world, its recent convergence with GIS enables richer depictions that can be used to simulate physical processes, identify trends, and make more accurate predictions. GeoDynamics is based on specialized lectures from an international field of experts, addressing remote sensing, spatially distributed modeling of land surface processes, and urban dynamics as part of the GeoComputation conference. It focuses on this symbiotic relationship in a detailed discussion of both remote sensing and spatially distributed dynamic modeling. The book analyzes recent developments in assembling geographical information such as: the ubiquitous deployment of portable measurement devices enabled with global positioning technology and its impact on the field; the management, benefits, and challenges of modeling dynamic processes in three dimensions; the implications of temporal granularity of simulations to predictions; and the appropriate representation of human factors in GIS. It illustrates the importance of incorporating interdisciplinary sciences to hone GIS capabilities, the advantage of sharing data and representations, and effective communication through visualization. This book establishes how these integrated technologies have become a central part of building spatial representations. GeoDynamics is a lasting record of this groundbreaking conference and a valuable contribution to the growing literature on GeoDynamics for academics and practitioners alike.
Spatial and chemical patterns of PM2.5 - differences between a maritime and an inland country

Abstract The Fine Resolution Atmospheric Multi-pollutant Exchange model was used to calculate the mean annual concentration of PM2.5 at a resolution of 5 km × 5 km for the United Kingdom (UK) and Poland for the year 2007. The modelled average PM2.5 concentration is higher for Poland than the UK and amounts to 9.2 µg · m−3 and 5.6 µg · m−3, respectively. The highest concentrations concern London and coastal areas (due to the sea salt contribution) for the UK and urban agglomerations in the case of Poland. Maximum values occurring close to the UK coastline can reach 18 µg · m−3. The average contribution of natural particles amounts to 34 and 20% of total PM2.5 concentration, respectively for the UK and Poland. Among anthropogenic particles for both countries the highest contribution falls on secondary inorganic aerosols and the lowest contribution is for secondary organic aerosols.
Advanced Probabilistic Binary Decision Tree Using SVM for large class problem

-In this paper an algorithm of Advanced Probabilistic Binary Decision Tree (APBDT) using SVM for solving large classification problems is introduced, APBDT-SVM is tested in view of the size of the databases. APBDT-SVM integrates Binary Decision Tree (BDT) and Probabilistic SVM for solving multiclass classification issues. Probabilistic SVM uses standard SVM’s output and sigmoid function to map the SVM output into probabilities. SVM’s output merges with a sigmoid function, enlarge speed in decision making when combined with Binary Decision Tree (BDT). PSVM use to estimate the probability of membership to each sub-groups. APBDT-SVM lead to a dramatic improvement in recognition speed when addressing problems with large number of classes. Here Performance is evaluated in terms of classification accuracy, training and testing time by using standard UCI Machine Learning Repositories. The proposed APBDT-SVM method better performs for classification accuracy and computation time when compared to the other multiclass classification method like OaO, OaA, BDT and DAG.
Sensitivity analysis of the seismic performance of ancient masonry buildings

This paper presents a sensitivity analysis taking into account possible variations on the features of masonry buildings. The main objective of the analysis is to compare the seismic performance of a typology of buildings in Lisbon as a function of the changes of its properties with respect to a reference model calibrated from experimental tests. The sensitivity analysis was carried out using non-linear dynamic analysis with time integration and using pushover analysis proportional to the mass of the structure. The results show that the Young’s modulus of the masonry walls, the Young’s modulus of the timber floors and the compressive non-linear properties are the parameters that most influence the seismic performance of this type of tall and weak existing masonry structures. Furthermore, it is concluded that the stiffness of the timber floors significantly influence the strength capacity of the building and the type of collapse mechanism.
YENER T

Sideritis species have very high antioxidant activity and and are used in a range of treatments by alternative medicine. This study examined the antioxidant activities and phenolic compositions of endemic 2 Sideritis species (Sideritis phrygia Bornm and ideritis bilgerana P.H. Davis), which were collected in the Konya region of Turkey. The oil content was extracted with petroleum ether using a soxhlet extractor. The defatted plant materials were extracted with methanol and then filtered and concentrated in vacuo at 45 oC. Finally, the extracts were lyophilized and stored in the dark at +4 oC until analyzed for antioxidant activity. Total phenol concentration of the extracts were estimated with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent using gallic acid as standard, free radical scavenging activities were determined based on DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was determined based on the method proposed by Oyaizu. Results were compared with standard BHT(Butylated hydroxytoluene) and BHA (Butylated hydroxyanisole). The phenolic composition of the samples was determined using HPLC. The results indicated that S. phrygia and S. bilgerana showed significant antioxidant effect and 6 phenolic compounds used in standard phenolic compounds. S. phrygia showed higher antioxidant capacity than S. bilgerana.
Use of skeletochronological analysis to estimate the age of leatherback sea turtles Dermochelys coriacea in the western North Atlantic

Although growth rate and age data are essential for leatherback management, esti- mates of these demographic parameters remain speculative due to the cryptic life history of this endangered species. Skeletochronological analysis of scleral ossicles obtained from 8 captive, known-age and 33 wild leatherbacks originating from the western North Atlantic was conducted to characterize the ossicles and the growth marks within them. Ages were accurately estimated for the known-age turtles, and their growth mark attributes were used to calibrate growth mark counts for the ossicles from wild specimens. Due to growth mark compaction and resorption, the number of marks visible at ossicle section tips was consistently and significantly greater than the number visible along the lateral edges, demonstrating that growth mark counts should be performed at the tips so that age is not underestimated. A correction factor protocol that incorporated the trajectory of early growth increments was used to estimate the number of missing marks in those ossicles exhibiting resorption, which was then added to the number of observed marks to obtain an age estimate for each turtle. A generalized smoothing spline model, von Bertalanffy growth curve, and size-at-age function were used to obtain estimates of age at maturity for leatherbacks in the western North Atlantic. Results of these analyses suggest that median age at maturation for leatherbacks in this part of the world may range from 24.5 to 29 yr. These age estimates are much greater than those proposed in previous studies and have significant implications for population management and recovery.
Camera Modelling and Calibration - with Applications

Camera modelling and calibration are important parts of machine vision. They can be used for calculating geometric information from images. A camera model is a mathematical projection between a 3D object space and a 2D image. The camera calibration is a mathematical procedure calculating parameters of the camera model, usually based on several images of reference points. These fundamental parts of machine vision are improved in this thesis. One large part is the development of a generic camera model, GCM, that is accurate, computationally efficient and can be used for both conventional, fisheye and even catadioptric cameras. Different models were used in the past for conventional and omnidirectional cameras and this is a well-known problem, the solution of which is described in this thesis. The accuracy of camera models is improved by introducing new ways of compensating for different distortions, such as radial istortion, varying entrance pupil point and decentring distortion. Calibration is mproved by introducing newmeans of calculating start estimates of camera parameters, from analysing shapes, sizes and positions of the reference points in the images. These start estimates are needed in order to make the calibration converge. Methods for calculating better reference centre points than the centres of gravity are developed in order to increase the accuracy further. Non-trivial null spaces that occur during calibration are identified. Awareness of these improve the calibration. Calibrations with different camera models are implemented and tested for real cameras in order to compare their accuracy. Certain models are better for certain situations, but the overall performance and properties are favourable for the GCM. A stereo vision welding robot system is developed, using the new model. It determines the geometry of a 3D weld joint, so that a robot can follow it. The same system is implemented in a virtual environment using a simulation software. Such simulation is important since it makes it possible to develop robot vision systems off-line.
Shock profile analysis using wavelet transform

We study the fine structure of the collisionless shock front, paying particular attention to the large gradients and internal structure within the ramp and to quasiperiodic structures in the ramp vicinity. In order to separate random steep gradients with low amplitudes from steep large-amplitude formations, we apply Gaussian wavelet transforms suitable for this task. We analyze several high Mach number shocks and show that ramp substructure is not uncommon and that the typical scales of the steepest gradient features are significantly smaller than the shock transition width (provided they are stationary in the shock frame). We apply the Morlet wavelet transform to the magnetic field data in order to identify quasiperiodic patterns which may last only several periods. It is likely that short quasiperiodic wave trains dominate in the wave activity. Such wave trains are not always associated with the ramp itself.
An Event-driven Psychophysiological Assessment for Health Care

Computerized experience-sampling method comprising a mobilebased system that collects psychophysiological data appears to be a very promising assessment approach to investigate the real-time fluctuation of experience in daily life in order to detect stressful events. At this purpose, we developed PsychLog (http://sourceforge.net/projects/psychlog/) a free opensource mobile experience sampling platform that allows psychophysiological data to be collected, aggregated, visualized and collated into reports. Results showed a good classification of relaxing and stressful events, defining the two groups with psychological analysis and verifying the discrimination with physiological measures. Our innovative approach offers to researchers and clinicians new effective opportunities to assess and treat psychological stress in daily-life environments.
The Labour Market in CGE Models

This chapter reviews options of labour market modelling in a CGE framework. On the labour supply side, two principal modelling options are distinguished and discussed: aggregated, representative households and microsimulation based on individual household data. On the labour demand side, we focus on the substitution possibilities between different types of labour in production. With respect to labour market coordination, we discuss several wage-forming mechanisms and involuntary unemployment.
Neuropsychological Profile of Women with Substance-Related Disorders under Treatment in a Drug Dependence Unit

1Assistance Unit for Drug Addiction (UAD) CEDRO, Vigo,Spain 2University Hospital Complex of Vigo, EOXI-CHUVI, Spain 3Portucalense Institute of Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of Porto, Portugal 4Faculty of Legal, Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Psychology, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR). Logroño, La Rioja, Spain 5Clinics êbam, Poio, Spain
Wind‐Driven Self‐Excited Reluctance Generator for Rural Electrification

This chapter presents the dynamic performance of an isolated wind‐driven self‐excited reluctance generator (WDSERG) for rural electrification application. The performances of the machine under conditions of constant wind speed, varying wind speed, constant load, and varying loads are analysed and presented. The modelling and simulation have been carried out using MATLAB‐Simulink. A step‐wise procedure clearly set forth for the Simulink implementation of the wind‐driven machine forms the balance of this work, which can be a good teaching aid. The result shows that with the variations in the connected loads, the output frequency of SERG remains constant, which makes it a good alterna‐ tive for rural electrification.
Decision Making with Risky, Rival Outcomes: Theory and Evidence

Little is known about how individuals make decisions when they must choose several options from a set of options when the outcomes are risky and the payoffs are rival. When researchers model these decisions, they assume people maximize their expected utility. We design an experiment in which subjects face either rival or independent payoffs. While theory predicts different behavior, subjects behave nearly identically under these payoff schemes. This suggests individuals are not maximizing expected utility. Additional treatments demonstrate that this behavior is likely driven by a heuristic used to simplify a complex math problem, rather than a preference for lotteries with the highest independent expected utilities. Our results suggest that using expected utility as peoples' objective function in these types of environments will lead to biased predictions.
Work-In-Progress : Enhanced Learning from Multiple Demonstrations with a Two-level Structured Approach

Learning from demonstrations (LfD) has been successfully leveraged to speed up reinforcement learning techniques. This paper investigates how to mitigate, or at least reduce, the impact of noisy or poor demonstrations. In particular, we consider how heterogeneous demonstrators may provide inconsistent and/or even conflicting information, and noise may occur in otherwise high-quality demonstrations, both of which can significantly affect the policy generalization and hurt learning performance. To address the above challenge, this paper develops a Flexible Two-level Structured Approach (FTSA) inspired by the existing Human Agent Transfer algorithm and the multi-armed contextual bandit problem. Our FTSA approach can mitigate the effects of bad demonstrations while retaining the benefits provided by good ones. Our preliminary experimental results in the Mario domain show that this approach holds promise and may be able to successfully leverage demonstrations of different quality.