Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Internal and external green-blue agricultural water footprints of nations, and related water and land savings through trade

Abstract. The need to increase food production for a growing world population makes an assessment of global agricultural water productivities and virtual water flows important. Using the hydrology and agro-biosphere model LPJmL, we quantify at 0.5° resolution the amount of blue and green water (irrigation and precipitation water) needed to produce one unit of crop yield, for 11 of the world's major crop types. Based on these, we also quantify the agricultural water footprints (WFP) of all countries, for the period 1998–2002, distinguishing internal and external WFP (virtual water imported from other countries) and their blue and green components, respectively. Moreover, we calculate water savings and losses, and for the first time also land savings and losses, through international trade with these products. The consistent separation of blue and green water flows and footprints shows that green water globally dominates both the internal and external WFP (84 % of the global WFP and 94 % of the external WFP rely on green water). While no country ranks among the top ten with respect to all water footprints calculated here, Pakistan and Iran demonstrate high absolute and per capita blue WFP, and the US and India demonstrate high absolute green and blue WFPs. The external WFPs are relatively small (6 % of the total global blue WFP, 16 % of the total global green WFP). Nevertheless, current trade of the products considered here saves significant water volumes and land areas (~263 km3 and ~41 Mha, respectively, equivalent to 5 % of the sowing area of the considered crops and 3.5 % of the annual precipitation on this area). Relating the proportions of external to internal blue/green WFP to the per capita WFPs allows recognizing that only a few countries consume more water from abroad than from their own territory and have at the same time above-average WFPs. Thus, countries with high per capita water consumption affect mainly the water availability in their own country. Finally, this study finds that flows/savings of both virtual water and virtual land need to be analysed together, since they are intrinsically related.
An Optimal Power Allocation for Two-Way Relay Channel Using Physical-Layer Network Coding

Physical-Layer Network Coding (PNC) is the expanding of Network Coding (NC) in wireless communication. It has enhanced throughput, spectrum efficiency and robustness of wireless communication system to a large extent. This paper considers four kinds of asymmetric two-way relay channel model based on physical-layer network coding, and analyzes their corresponding outage probability performance respectively, showing the downlink channel has more influence on the communication performance compared with the uplink channel. Furthermore, based on two different principles of minimizing outage probability and maximizing sum-rate, we derive power allocation strategies and their closed-form expressions, respectively. Simulation results show that these schemes are superior to uniform power allocation. When targeting the outage probability, the allocation strategy is a segmented function, which is judged by channel fading, the simulation results coincide with the theoretical ones. Meanwhile, compared with hypothesis testing strategy, our allocation strategy has obvious advantages to adapt to the change of channel conditions. In terms of the sum-rate, in comparison with uniform power allocation, about 2~3 dB power gain can be obtained.
Interplay of Microstructure and Magnetic Properties in Epitaxially Grown Co 35 Pd 65 Alloy Films on Cu / Si ( 100 )

The authors have investigated the correlation between magnetic properties, growth structure, and internal stress of epitaxially grown Co35Pd65 alloy films on Cu–Si(100) in the alloy thickness range from 1 monolayer (ML) to 10 ML. An in situ surface magneto-optical Kerr effects (SMOKE) study revealed that Co35Pd65 alloy films showed room-temperature ferromagnetism at a coverage of 2 ML with a strong in-plane anisotropy and the Kerr intensity and coercivity was increased with the Co35Pd65 thickness. Interestingly, a kink was observed at about 3 ML alloy thickness in the variation of either the Kerr intensity or the coercivity as a function of the film thickness. A careful study for the growth structure of Co35Pd65 alloy films using scanning tunneling microscope and reflection high-energy electron diffraction together with in situ stress measurement reveals that the formation of three-dimensional island and atomic steps around 3 ML Co35Pd65 alloy thickness plays an important role for the observed kinks in the Kerr intensity and the coercivity variation.
PERSONALITY TRAITS AND COPING STYLES AS MEDIATORS IN RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR: A COMPARISON OF MALE AND FEMALE UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS

The aim of this study was to examine the extent to which differences in risky sexual behavior (RSB) between males and females is mediated by their personality traits and coping styles. Participants were 180 first-year undergraduate students who were evaluated with the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ; Cloninger, 1987); the Multidimensional Coping Inventory (COPE; Carver, Scheier, & Weintraub, 1989); and a Risky Sexual Behavior Questionnaire (RSBQ), Findings showed that while the majority of the males had engaged in RSB at least once during the previous year (80%), the majority of the females had not engaged in such behavior (62%), In addition, the males scored significantly higher than did the females on the novelty-seeking personality dimension (i,e,, the tendency to respond with intense excitement to novel stimuli), as well as on the problem-focused and the avoidance coping styles. Path analysis revealed two mediators in the relationship between RSB and gender: novelty seeking and the avoidance coping style.
A Physical Model of High Temperature 4H-SiC MOSFETs

A comprehensive physical model for the analysis, characterization, and design of 4H-silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs has been developed. The model has been verified for an extensive range of bias conditions and temperatures. It incorporates details of interface trap densities, Coulombic interface trap scattering, surface roughness scattering, phonon scattering, velocity saturation, and their dependences on bias and temperature. The physics-based models were implemented into our device simulator that is tailored for 4H-SiC MOSFET analysis. By using a methodology of numerical modeling, simulation, and close correlation with experimental data, values for various physical parameters governing the operation of 4H-SiC MOSFETs, including the temperature-dependent interface trap density of states, the root-mean-square height and correlation length of the surface roughness, and the electron saturation velocity in the channel and its dependence on temperature, have been extracted. Coulomb scattering and surface roughness scattering limit surface mobility for a wide range of temperatures in the subthreshold and linear regions of device operation, whereas the saturation velocity and the high-field mobility limit current in the saturation region.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ATMOSPHERE OF THE HOT JUPITER HAT-P-32Ab AND THE M-DWARF COMPANION HAT-P-32B

We report secondary eclipse photometry of the hot Jupiter HAT-P-32Ab, taken with Hale/Wide-field Infra-Red Camera (WIRC) in H and KS bands and with Spitzer/IRAC at 3.6 and 4.5 μm. We carried out adaptive optics imaging of the planet host star HAT-P-32A and its companion HAT-P-32B in the near-IR and the visible. We clearly resolve the two stars from each other and find a separation of 2. ″923 ± 0. ″004 and a position angle 110. °64 ± 0. °12. We measure the flux ratios of the binary in g′r′i′z′ and H and KS bands, and determine Teff= 3565 ± 82 K for the companion star, corresponding to an M1.5 dwarf. We use PHOENIX stellar atmosphere models to correct the dilution of the secondary eclipse depths of the hot Jupiter due to the presence of the M1.5 companion. We also improve the secondary eclipse photometry by accounting for the non-classical, flux-dependent nonlinearity of the WIRC IR detector in the H band. We measure planet-to-star flux ratios of 0.090% ± 0.033%, 0.178% ± 0.057%, 0.364% ± 0.016%, and 0.438% ± 0.020% in the H, KS, 3.6 and 4.5 μm bands, respectively. We compare these with planetary atmospheric models, and find they prefer an atmosphere with a temperature inversion and inefficient heat redistribution. However, we also find that the data are equally well described by a blackbody model for the planet with Tp = 2042 ± 50 K. Finally, we measure a secondary eclipse timing offset of 0.3 ± 1.3 minutes from the predicted mid-eclipse time, which constrains e = 0.0072 when combined with radial velocity data and is more consistent with a circular orbit.
The implications of the internet in the College of Education , Sultan Qaboos University

The study examines the experiences of professors and undergraduate students at Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) in Oman in using the Internet in relation to their courses. The focus is on whether and how such use intersects with the traditional form of studentfaculty power/knowledge relations. The findings indicate that the existence of the Internet and even its use by professors and students have not changed the existing structure of student-faculty power/knowledge relations. This is the case because the Internet is perceived as just another, less-valued source of knowledge. Faculty control over knowledge evaluation and selection and student regulation discourages students from going beyond knowledge selected by faculty, at least in relation to coursework. The study concludes that the availability of the Internet alone cannot change existing student-faculty power/knowledge relations in Sultan Qaboos University; a restructuring of the institution and society defined processes of student evaluation, teaching methods, and selection of curriculum knowledge is also required.
1 When What You Hear is What You See : Presence and Auditory-Visual Integration in Virtual Environments

In this paper, it is hypothesized that consistency across modalities in terms of matching the visual space to the auditory space is important for the sense of presence. An experiment was carried out where thirty participants were exposed to four conditions having different degrees of auditory-visual consistency (one purely visual and three auditory-visual). A presence questionnaire was used after exposure to measure participants’ sensations. Although participants rated the auditory-visual conditions as inducing significantly higher presence than the condition with only visual information, no differences in presence ratings between the three auditory-visual conditions were found. However, participants’ rankings of their sensed presence in all conditions revealed that there might be such differences. Moreover, the results show that sound in general has a significant effect on VE users’ sense of presence. Keywords--Presence, auralization, auditory-visual integration, virtual acoustics, multimodal VE.
A support vector machine mixed with statistical reasoning approach to predict movie success by analyzing public sentiments

Wisdom of Crowds is often considered a very powerful tool for predicting anything. In this paper we explore the power of public sentiments on predicting the success of movies. In short, we differentiated between positive and negative comments using Support Vector Machine and then use Statistical Reasoning to predict movie success. We used non linear RBF kernel for our sentiment classifier which achieved better accuracy than the classifiers that use linear kernels in the famous IMDB Movie Review Dataset (89.51% accuracy) and also in the Pang and Lee Movie Review Dataset (86.86% accuracy). Using our system we can predict whether a movie will be successful or not with an accuracy of 90.3%. We also compared our approach with other authors in the literature.
Ecosystem modeling of methane and carbon dioxide fluxes for boreal forest sites

Predicted daily fluxes from an ecosystem model for water, carbon dioxide, and methane were compared with 1994 and 1996 Boreal EcosystemAtmosphere Study (BOREAS) field measurements at sites dominated by old black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) (OBS) and boreal fen vegetation near Thompson, Man. Model settings for simulating daily changes in water table depth (WTD) for both sites were designed to match observed water levels, including predictions for two microtopographic positions (hollow and hummock) within the fen study area. Water run-on to the soil profile from neighboring microtopographic units was calibrated on the basis of daily snowmelt and rainfall inputs to reproduce BOREAS site measurements for timing and magnitude of maximum daily WTD for the growing season. Model predictions for daily evapotranspiration rates closely track measured fluxes for stand water loss in patterns consistent with strong controls over latent heat fluxes by soil temperature during nongrowing season months and by varia.
Understanding the Determinants of Mobile Viral Effects-Towards a Grounded Theory of Mobile Viral Marketing

Although there is some evidence on the usefulness of mobile viral marketing from marketers' perspective, little is known about the motivations, attitudes, and behaviors of consumers engaged in this marketing instrument. In this paper, we present the findings of a grounded theory study and focus on determining why a mobile viral effect occurs. The proposed framework helps researchers and marketers to better understand the critical components of mobile viral marketing and provides ideas for further research in this emerging field.
Resistance in Gastric Biopsy Specimens Helicobacter pylori Clarithromycin Nucleic Acid Probes for Detection of Hybridization Method Using Peptide Validation of a Fluorescence In Situ

Published Ahead of Print 17 April 2013. 10.1128/JCM.00302-13. 2013, 51(6):1887. DOI: J. Clin. Microbiol. Charles W. Keevil, Maria J. Vieira and Nuno F. Azevedo Pimentel-Nunes, Mário Dinis-Ribeiro, Céu Figueiredo, Mónica Oleastro, Fátima Carneiro, Catarina Brandão, Pedro Laura Cerqueira, Ricardo M. Fernandes, Rui M. Ferreira, Resistance in Gastric Biopsy Specimens Helicobacter pylori Clarithromycin Nucleic Acid Probes for Detection of Hybridization Method Using Peptide Validation of a Fluorescence In Situ
Ophiostoma clavigerum is the mycangial fungus of the Jeffrey pine beetle, Dendroctonus jeffreyi

Dendroctonus jeffreyi and D. ponderosae are sibling species of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolyti- dae) with few morphological and molecular genetic differences. The two species are believed to have di- verged relatively recently. Dendroctonus jeffreyi colo- nizes only Pinus jeffreyi, while D. ponderosae colonizes up to thirteen Pinus spp. , but not P. jeffreyi. Adult beetles of both D. jeffreyi and D. ponderosae carry sym- biotic fungi in mycangia located on the maxillary car- dines. Dendroctonus ponderosae was known to carry two fungi, Ophiostoma clavigerum and 0. montium, in its mycangia. However, it was not known which fungi might be carried by D. jeffreyi. Fungi were isolated from the mycangia of over 900 D. jeffreyi collected from a large portion of its geographic range. Using morphology, isozyme phenotypes, and growth rates at different temperatures, all isolates from D. jeffreyi mycangia were determined to be 0. clavigerum; 0.
Power consumption estimation of the multi-threaded xinc processor

This paper deals with the estimation of the power consumption of embedded system. Recently multithreaded processors have emerged as a viable solution for implementing wireless embedded applications. The main objective of this work is to provide the designer of such system with a fast and reliable method to compare the power consumption of algorithms executing on the multi-threaded Xinc processor. For this purpose, we adapt the existing DSP-dedicated FLPA method to the Xinc processor and devise a model which rapidly provides the power consumption of an algorithm with a maximum error of 2,63x %.
Drivers and Outcomes of Brand Relationship Quality in the Context of Online Social Networks

This research adopts a brand relationship perspective to investigate how users of a social network site (e.g., Facebook and Twitter) perceive the quality of their relationship with those sites and their intention to continue to use them, as well as the intention to continue using the hosted brands that they "follow" through the social network site. In addition, the role of matching a user's personality to the perceived personality of the social network site is explored as an antecedent to perceived relationship quality with the social network site. Survey responses from 284 Twitter and Facebook users were collected, and Smart PLS path modeling was used to test our hypotheses. Findings confirm that individuals join and form stronger ties with social networks that convey similar personality characteristics to themselves. Study findings also reveal that perceived strength of relationship quality with an online network brand not only facilitates future intentions to continue using this network and recommend it to others but also strengthens preferences for other brands utilizing this network for marketing purposes. A key implication of our findings is that social network sites and "followed" businesses may benefit from designing and implementing relationship-building-focused processes to strengthen participation in the social network site to increase user engagement with brands hosted on the social network site.
The Impact of Transformational Leadership Style on Project Success : An Empirical Study of Banking Projects in Ghana

This research examines the impact of transformational leadership style on strategic projects in large scale banks of Ghana. To achieve the objective of this study, primary data was obtained through questionnaires and administered to 125 employees in three banks. The data analysis shows that there is a strong positive relationship between transformational leadership and banking project success. The highest predictor to banking project success is inspirational motivation. This is followed by individual consideration, intellectual stimulation and idealized influence. The study concluded that project leaders (managers) in the banking sector can increase the probability of project success by implementing and ensuring an environment that permits the use of transformational leadership behaviors notably idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individual consideration.
Joint stick-slip friction compensation for robotic manipulators by iterative learning

This paper studies the compensation of internal joint stick-slip friction effects for desired trajectory tracking of robotic manipulators. A PD type iterative learning control, which incorporates a stabilizing feedback control for robot dynamics, is applied to compensate for the friction. Simulations of a two-link robotic manipulator show that our friction compensation scheme is effective for different friction models whose characteristics are not exactly known a priori. <<ETX>>
Method of Extracting Parallelization in Very Large Applications through Automated Tool and Iterative Manual Intervention

Program parallelization involves multiple considerations. These include methods for data or control parallelization, target architecture, and performance scalability. Due to number of such factors, best parallelization strategy for a given sequential application often evolves iteratively. Researchers are confronted with choices of parallelization methods to achieve the best possible performance. In this paper, we share our experience in parallelizing a very large application (250K LOC) on shared memory processors. We iteratively parallelized the application by leveraging selective benefits from automatic as well as manual parallelization. We used YUCCA, an automatic parallelization tool, to generate parallelized code. Using the information generated by YUCCA, we improved the performance by modifying the parallelized code. This iterative process was continued until no further improvement was possible. We observed performance improvement of 17% compared to 5% improvement reported in the literature. The performance improvement was gained in very short time and despite the constraint of having to use only SMPs for parallelization.
Data sorting using graphics processing units

This paper presents a short survey and performance analysis of parallel sorting algorithms on graphics processing units. Three implementations of the representative sorting algorithms (Quicksort, Merge sort and Radix sort) were evaluated on CUDA platform which is used to execute programs on NVIDIA graphics processing units. Algorithms were carefully tested and evaluated using automated test environment with different datasets, especially those important for particular applications. Finally, the results of this analysis are briefly discussed.
GeoJModelBuilder: A java implementation of model-driven approach for geoprocessing workflows

Geoprocessing workflows have been commonly used in geospatial data analysis and Cyberinfrastructure. A geoprocessing workflow can be constructed manually using tools. Some application tools, such as Kepler, Oracle BPEL designer, and ArcGIS ModelBuilder, have been available. However, existing tools are either non-geospatial-oriented or platform/language-dependent. This paper presents a geoprocessing workflow modeling tool, named GeoJModelBuilder. The tool is written in Java and supports cross-platform. Geoprocessing services, NASA World Wind and Sensor Web are integrated into the GeoJModelBuilder for more complex applications. The main goal of GeoJModelBuilder is to bring an easy-to-use tool to the geoscientific community.
Sizing Flood Control Reservoir Systems by Systems Analysis.

Abstract : Flood control reservoir systems are designed to reduce the intensity of flooding in flood plains to acceptable levels. Planning flood control reservoir systems requires analysis of basin-wide hydrology, individual reservoir and system operation, and system performance in reducing intensity of flooding. Sizing reservoir systems (system formulation) includes the major tasks of selecting system components from among competing alternatives and determining the flood control storage within each reservoir. Selection of system components (configuring the system) is the key element in the analysis. This paper focuses upon reservoirs as flood control measures, but it should be emphasized that non-reservoir measures, such as levees and channel work can form invaluable system components. Analysis of the performance of alternative flood control systems is greatly complicated by the system interaction that can occur among system components. One of the important interactions in a system occurs when a number of reservoirs are being operated for common locations and are thus able to take advantage of inflow and release timing effects. Because of the large number of alternative systems possible in complex river basins and due to the complexity of evaluating each system, it is essential that a reasonably structured system formulation strategy be adopted as the framework for analysis.