Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF PRESSURE ANGLE OF SPUR GEARS ON BENDING AND CONTACT STRESSES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY USING FINITE ELEMENT SOFTWARE

The principle objective of this paper is the comparison study of the static stresses for spur gear with different pressure angles. The analyzed results of a symmetric type involute profiled spur gear pair at different pressure angles are compared. Gears are one of the most important and crucial component in a mechanical power transmission unit and also in most of the industrial rotating machineries. Generally, a spur gear pair in action undergoes two types of stresses: the bending stress and the contact stress. In this paper, both these stresses on the gear tooth pair are analyzed using the finite element analysis and are compared. The stresses on the gear tooth are first analyzed using a finite element software and then those results are validated using the conventional formulae for finding stresses in gear tooth.
Capital development within supportive adult relationships: processes of positive adaptation for marginalized youth

ABSTRACT Supportive adults offer adolescents a positive resource for building a resilient profile, as they generally provide guidance, encouragement, and emotional support. These transformative relationships have the potential to unlock specific social and cultural benefits over time that serve to promote resilience, especially in marginalized groups. This mixed-methods study examines supportive adult relationships within the context of sociological concepts of capital development as a process toward positive adaptation. The current study first, uses binary logistic regression as a method of analysis in a racially diverse sample of 4,882 individuals. Findings suggest that individuals who reported having a supportive adult relationship by age 14 were more likely to possess emotional capital than those who did not have a supportive adult relationship by age 14 (OR = .836, p = .009). Secondly this study utilized thematic analysis to identify salient themes regarding social, cultural, and emotional capital from a smaller portion of the sample (N = 111), providing evidence for how SARs can impact the positive adaptation of marginalized individuals through capital development.
SIMULATION IN VADOSE SOIL ENVIRONMENT

Emphasise will be given to simulation concepts for the vadose zone and to the limitations of available software, e.g. related to boundary conditions. Classical water and solute transport formulas are investigated in relation to the used software. A practical approach is chosen to support the theoretical considerations, hence three simulation applications in very different fields: a) quantity measurement of soil water movement, b) thin layer in the vicinity of a foundation and c) solute transport simulation of a column experiment are summarised. The selected examples should especially enable engineers working in the field of water and environment an easier approach to simulation task and the underlying theory. A clear distinction is also made between skills and knowledge.
Machine learning of geological details from borehole logs for development of high-resolution subsurface geological cross-section and geotechnical analysis

ABSTRACT The subsurface geological cross-section is indispensable before design and construction of a geotechnical structure can commence. The development of geological cross-sections often requires significant manual efforts for simplification of stratigraphic boundaries. For example, straight lines are commonly used to connect stratum boundaries at adjacent boreholes, and soil layers with small thicknesses are often ignored. Such a simplification heavily relies on practitioners’ experience and may induce great uncertainties in the developed geological cross-sections and subsequent geotechnical analysis and design (e.g. slope stability analysis). In this study, a Bayesian supervised machine learning method, multiple-point statistics, is adopted to automatically generate high-resolution subsurface geological cross-section with proper incorporation of prior geological knowledge and all details observed from limited borehole logs. Locations and number of boreholes are automatically determined with due consideration of slope failure mechanism. The proposed method is demonstrated using an illustrative example. It is shown that the proposed method successfully captures geological details and local stratigraphic variations within a slope and quantifies the associated interpretation uncertainties. The geological details and local stratigraphic variations have great effects on the slope failure mechanism. There is a risk of overestimating overall slope stability if an over-simplified geological model is adopted for slope design.
Energy Input-Output Analysis and Technical Efficiency of Honey Production in Turkey: A Case Study from Çanakkale Province

This study was carried out in order to determine the relationship between the energy inputs and yield and technical efficiency of honey production in Çanakkale province of Turkey. Data used in this study were obtained from 87 beekeepers using a face to face questionnaire method. The sample was selected according to stratified random sampling method. Stochastic frontier analysis was used in order to estimate the technical efficiency of honey production. According to the results, the energy use efficiency were found as 0.85, 0.87 and 1.08 in the groups, respectively. The distribution of the direct energy was lower than that of indirect energy and the highest energy inputs were provided by diesel fuel in all the groups. According to the efficiency analysis results, the technical efficiency scores were found as 0.74, 0.78 and 0.85 in the groups, respectively. Results of this study indicated that the inputs in the honey production were used more efficiently in the third group.
Characterization of the X-Ray Angular Pointing Jitter in the LCLS Hard X-ray Undulator Line

The angular pointing jitter of X-ray pulses produced by an X-ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL) depends on both intrinsic properties of the SASE (Self-amplified spontaneous emission) process and jitters in beamline variables such as electron orbit. This jitter is of interest to the Cavity-Based XFEL (CBXFEL) project at SLAC, which will lase seven undulators inside an X-ray cavity of four diamond Bragg mirrors. The CBXFEL cavity has a narrow angular bandwidth, thus large angular jitters cause X-rays to leak out of the cavity and degrade cavity efficiency. To understand contributors to angular pointing jitter, we studied the pointing jitter of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) Hard X-ray Undulator line (HXU). Monochromatic and pink X-rays were characterized at the X-ray Pump Probe (XPP) instrument. We found pulses with high monochromatized pulse energy and small electron beam orbit in the undulator have the lowest angular pointing jitter. We present here our measurement results, discuss why these factors correlate with pointing stability, and propose a strategy for CBXFEL to reduce angular pointing jitter and account for angular pointing jitter in cavity efficiency measurements.
Severe Slugging Attenuation for Deepwater Multiphase Pipeline and Riser Systems

Exploitation of offshore petroleum reservoirs has recently moved to ever-increasing water depths. Production from fields in water deeper than 1800 m is now a reality. The use of long deepwater risers that conduct production from multiple wellheads on the sea-floor to the surface predisposes the system to severe slugging in the riser for a wide range of flow rates and seabed topography. When one considers the length of the deepwater risers, the problem is expected to be more severe than in production systems installed in shallower waters. Severe slugging could occur at high pressure, with the magnitude of the pressure fluctuations so large as to cause a shorter natural flow period with subsequent consequences, such as premature field abandonment, loss of recoverable reserves, and earlier-than-planned deployment of boosting devices. In this study, a novel idea to lessen or eliminate severe slugging in pipeline/riser systems has been thoroughly investigated. This idea was first proposed by Barbuto 1 and later developed independently by Sarica and Tengesdal. 2 The principle of the technique is to transfer pipeline gas to the riser at a point above the riser base. The transfer process will reduce both the hydrostatic head in the riser and the pressure in the pipeline, consequently lessening or eliminating severe slugging by maintaining steady-state two-phase flow in the riser. An experimental study has been conducted with a 7.62-cm-inside-diameter (ID) riser (14.63 m high) and pipeline (19.81 m long) system. A broad range of data was collected from the facility in both the severe slugging and stable regions. It was found that the severe slugging models currently available do not predict the region accurately for larger-diameter pipes. Data acquired with the external gas bypass have proved the proposed elimination technique.
Modelling charge injection in mos analogue switches using a compact model in a deep submicron technology

Charge injection in MOS switches in a deep submicron technology has been analysed. The analysis has been extended to the general case of including the conduction of the MOS transistor in the moderate and weak inversion regions, using a continuous and physical formulation based on the EKV model. SPICE simulations, based on the BSIM3v3 model, which ensures the charge conservation, have demonstrated the validity of our work.
Competing traditions: the origins and development of worker education in South Africa

ABSTRACT The article provides a socio-historical account of worker education rooted in the African working class, and more specifically in the three competing strands within this tradition – the communist strand, the “workerist” strand and the “professional” strand – each linked to contesting definitions of workers’ education. It details the rich history of the first two strands, with their different origins in distinctive generational moments, and then moves on to the emergence of the professional strand in the post-democracy era where the labour movement’s new socio-political role is reflected in new education institutions. The different character of this newer tradition reflects the changing profile of trade union membership and a dominant emphasis on specialised training for leadership. The article ends by describing new initiatives in worker education which attempt to deal with the new challenges to the working class thrown up in the age of digitalisation and globalisation.
Physico-chemical Factors an Phytoplankton as Indicators of the Water Quality in Two Periurbans Lakes of a Natural Protected Area in Mexico City

The protected natural area (ANP), Ejidos de Xochimilco and San Gregorio Atlapulco (SGA), is a priority area of ecological conservation in Mexico City (CDMX), that still have remnants of the ancient lake system of the Valley of Mexico watershed that have been modified for decades due to the impact of human activities and that threaten their continuity, despite been declared as a RAMSAR site and historical and cultural heritage of CDMX. Given the above, the present study aimed to compare the spatial-temporal variability of physical-chemical factors and phytoplankton as indicators of anthropogenic impact to diagnose the current state of this locality and propose possible alternatives for sustainable management in the study area. The research design considered comparing the area of channels and lagoons of the SGA wetland in two contrasting climatic seasons: dry and rainy. Eleven sampling stations were delimited: three in the channels area and eight in the lagoons, during the months of March and July. Nine physical-chemical variables were measured: temperature, pH, total solids, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, as well as the concentrations of ammonium, nitrites, nitrates, and soluble phosphorus in surface and bottom samples from each sampling station. The statistical design took into account a factorial design of fixed effects (epochs - locations and strata), with Tukey's "post hoc" test to delimit subsets and various multivariate analysis techniques. Phytoplankton samples were taken in both localities, which were identified down to the genus level, evaluating the relative frequency of the various taxa, as well as their association through the saprobity and diversity indexes. The water quality variables indicated that both the area of channels and the lagoons of the wetland are sites with hypereutrophic characteristics, but the wetland due to its semi-isolation is an area that presents on average levels of nitrates 2.4 times lower than in the channel zone, nitrite concentrations are almost imperceptible, and ammonia is within tolerable limits for the existing biota. It also presents space-time homogeneity in its physical-chemical dynamics, in contrast to the area of channels. The composition of species indicating saprobity also differed between both sites, denoting a lesser impact on the wetland area, so it is suggested to use this site for reintroduction activities of species removed from the channel area and preserve the remaining biota in the lake system.
Post-Harvest Studies in Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris)

A three years field study was conducted to investigate post harvest behavior of sugarbeet with respect to weight, pol and sugar recovery. The treatments comprised four beet varieties viz; Pamela, Kawe Terma, KWS-1451 and Aura, six storage days (at one day interval) after harvest and two storage conditions (under sun under shade). The results envisaged that Pamela lost maximum weight, 17.98% and 18.78% under shade and sun stored conditions, respectively. Similarly, maximum pol (16.06 & 16.43%) as well as maximum sugar recovery (13.56 & 13.92%) was recorded in Aura stored under shade and sun conditions. A steady increase in pol and sugar recovery but a decrease in weight of all varieties was noted stored under sun and shade.
CHARACTERIZATION AND IN SITU TEST OF VIBRATION TRANSDUCERS FOR ENERGY-HARVESTING IN AUTOMOBILE APPLICATIONS

In automobile applications there are a growing number of processes which needs to be controlled and monitored using a diversity of sensors. This paper focuses the conversion of car engine vibration into electrical energy as a potential power supply for remote sensors systems. The "order-related" phenomenon of engine vibration is used to define most energetic vibration frequencies at a four-cylinder in-line engine. Subsequently three electromagnetic resonant vibration transducers have been assembled according to voltage optimization procedure. Power measurements of in situ tests for different operational profiles of the engine are used to confirm the outcome of the "order-related" preliminary frequency selection.
Data Acquisition and Controlling System Using Cortex M3 Core

Data Acquisition and Controlling System is one of the promising trends in the era of computing in today’s system automation industry and control. The proposed project is one such attempt of designing online data acquisition and controlling system using CortexM3 core. In this project we have developed Ethernet device drivers for CortexM3 core to transmit the monitored sensor data to the internet. The System can complete the remote monitoring and maintenance operations of equipment through the network using a web browser. By introducing the Internet into control network, it is possible to break through the spatial, temporal restriction of traditional control network and effectively achieve remote sensing, monitoring and real time controlling of equipments. The main essence of this project is to design and implement a Data acquisition and controlling System using ARM CORTEX M3 CORE and TCP/IP Ethernet connection for industrial controlling applications. The real time analog voltages are converted into corresponding digital values using the ADC pins inbuilt in LPC 1768 [6] Cortex M3 and transfer them to the internet through Ethernet. In this proposed project we are monitoring temperature in industry using LM35 temperature sensor and Vibrations of machines using Accelerometer sensor. And we are also controlling the machine depending on the temperature.
Design of Management Platform Architecture and Key Algorithm for Massive Monitoring Big Data

With the construction and development of industrial informatization, industrial big data has become a trend within the smart industry. To obtain valuable information on massive data, achieving the acquisition, storage, analysis, and mining is becoming an important area of research. Focusing on the application requirements for industrial fields, we propose a data acquisition and analysis system based on the NB-IoT for industrial applications. The system is an integrated system that includes sensor data acquisition, data transmission, data storage, and analysis mining. In this study, we mainly focused on the use of the NB-IoT network to collect and transmit real-time data for sensors. First, for the long time series (e.g., if we collect the data streams for one year for the sensor with a frequency of 1 Hz, the length of the series will reach 107). Then, we propose DSCS-LTS, a distributed storage and calculation model, and CCCA-LTS, an algorithm for the correlation coefficient of long time series in a distributed environment. Third, we propose a granularity selection algorithm and query process logic for visualization. We tested the platform in our laboratory and an automated production line for one year, and the experimental results using real data sets show that our approach is effective and scalable, can achieve efficient data management, and provide the basis for intelligent enterprise decision-making.
Breaking down “harassment” to characterize trends in human interaction cases in Maine's pinnipeds

Recent marine mammal recovery and growth of human populations in coastal areas has led to increased human harassment of protected pinniped populations. Yet, current monitoring approaches lack the necessary resolution to describe this emerging issue. We therefore propose a new classification scheme for monitoring of marine mammal–human interaction (HI), which defines categories based on the type of human behavior and associated risks to the animal. Among harbor, harp, and gray seal strandings (N = 3,525) from 2007 to 2019 in Maine, United States, evidence of HI was reported in 14.72% of strandings, with the majority (75.34%) of these cases involving harassment. The number of HI reports increased over time, particularly in the southern region of the state, and an analysis of geographic hotspots further identifies emerging areas of concern. Variation in the rate and type of HI among species, age classes, and seasons reflect differences in pinniped life history. The most commonly observed types of harassment included human approach, physical contact, and displacement. By breaking down harassment, we aim to inform ongoing mitigation efforts and contribute to our understanding of the impact of HI on marine mammal health, as well as offer a transferable methodological approach to monitoring human–wildlife interaction.
Questioning the Compass of the Western Media: Early Perceptions of the July 15 Coup Attempt in Turkey

This study investigates how the Western media reacted immediately after the July 15, 2016 coup attempt in Turkey, in which a group of armed forces loyal to FETÖ aimed to overthrow Turkey’s democratically elected government. To this end, 91 news reports and articles in ten newspapers from the U.S., the UK, Germany, and France, dating from July 15 to July 18, 2016, were analyzed. Based on content analysis, the early perceptions of the Western media were categorized by sentiment as positive, neutral, or negative in terms of their tone, feeling, and emotion regarding the coup attempt. The findings show that only 42 publications were neutral only reporting the news, while 44 publications were positive about the coup attempt favoring the junta and failing to support the democratically elected government. On the other hand, only five publications expressed negative opinions about the coup attempt by showing strong support for democracy and expressing anti-coup views. Frequency analysis also shows that the most commonly used keywords and phrases in the news and articles were Erdoğan’s authoritarianism (58 times), the polarization of society (32 times), Erdoğan’s oppression (28 times), Erdoğan dividing the country (16 times), and the instability of Erdoğan’s regime/dictatorship (15 times). Overall, the analysis shows that journalists are not free of bias; most of them missed or neglected the damaging consequences of the coup attempt on Turkish democracy and society due to their negative perceptions about the incumbent government.
Developing Green Infrastructure Strategies Based on the Analysis of Sewer System Critical Components

Flooding has presented a significant risk for urban areas around the world. Road inundation is one of the severe consequences leading to traffic issues and congestion. Green infrastructure (GI) offers further potential for stormwater management as an environmentally friendly and sustainable solution. However, sewer system behaviour has been overlooked in GI implementation. This study investigates sewer performance by measuring topological connectivity and hydraulic characteristics, and critical components are identified under different design storms. Three retrofit scenarios, including enlarged pipes (grey infrastructure, Grey I), rain gardens (GI), and the combination of enlarged pipes and increased rain gardens (GI + Grey I), are proposed according to the distribution of critical components. The results show that it is feasible to locate the vulnerable parts of the sewer system and GI site allocations based on the critical components that significantly impact the performance of the entire system. While all three scenarios can mitigate inundation, GI and GI + Grey I perform better than pipe enlargement, especially for runoff reduction during long-duration rainfall. Furthermore, the sewer behaviour and retrofit effect are dynamic under different rainfall patterns, leading to diverse combined effects. The discoveries reveal that the adaptation measures should combine with sewer behaviour and local rainfall characteristics to enhance stormwater management.
Strategies for gripper design and selection in robotic assembly

Abstract The gripper is the mechanical interface between the robot and its environment. Without it, the robot cannot perform the pick-and-place functions needed for assembly tasks. As with other peripheral equipment, grippers should have sufficient versatility to deal with the variety of parts an assembly robot has to handle. Yet the cost of grippers and peripherals should not be so high as to render a robotic assembly application uneconomic. This paper focuses on strategies to achieve versatile and cost-effective gripping. The three main sections of the paper cover existing techniques for making grippers more flexible, a strategy for minimizing the required number of grippers through part-family grouping, and a strategy for selecting and using grippers based on knowledge-engineering methodology.