Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Grape Juice Concentration by Progressive Freeze Concentrator Sequence System

Concentration is a complex process that could change the physical and chemical conditions of a substance and significantly affects the quality of fruit juice. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different operating parameters on the bioactive compounds retention and the concentration effectiveness of grape juice by using progressive freeze concentration (PFC). The concentration process performance was assessed through total phenolic content (TPC) increment and effective partition constant (K). This research was carried out by using progressive freeze concentrator sequence system (PFCSS), which has been proven to be able to operate efficiently. It was found that the most optimum operating condition occurred with a coolant temperature of −8C, circulation flowrate of 3000 mL/min operation time of 20 minutes and solution concentration of 8%Brix. The results suggest that PFC may contribute a great potential in concentrating grape juice, therefore could contribute to the economy of the juice industry. Practical Applications Nowadays, there is a growing interest on progressive freeze concentration (PFC) in juice concentration due to its several advantages. In this study, a process sequence of PFC is develop to acquire high performance system in terms of operation time, no intervention of human operator and most importantly production of high quality product, which is grape juice concentrate. Red globe grape is among the most cultivated, most commercially important and studied cultivars, including processing method in order to produce high quality juice. This study is focused on the preservation and concentration of grape juice by using progressive freeze concentrator sequence system (PFCSS). The results can be a guide in the determination of processing method that can be used in producing red globe grape juice with good quality and highest concentration of TPC and other bioactive compound.
In vitro methane production from silages based on Cenchrus purpureus mixed with Tithonia diversifolia in different proportions

Climate change (CC) affects food production, mainly those based on livestock systems. Producers must identify adaptation strategies to ensure the production, during periods of drought, and lack of forage. Besides contributing to CC, high emissions of ruminal methane (CH4) are energy loss potentially usable for livestock production. The objective was to estimate in vitro ruminal gas production (RGP) and determine the CH4 emissions from silages. Treatments were made with forage of Cenchrus purpureus mixed with Tithonia diversifolia T1= C.purpureus at 100%; T2= C.purpureus/ T.diversifolia in 33/67 percent ratio; T3= C.purpureus/ T.diversifolia 67/33; and T4= T.diversifolia at 100%. Samples of silages were analyzed, and they were inoculated with strains of Lactobacillus paracasei (T735); then they were fermented in vacuum-sealed bags for 67 days. RGP and CH4 were measured at 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, and 48 hours. Additionally, modeling of CH4 production kinetics was conducted, using different equations. The results indicate that the highest cumulative CH4 production was for T1. This kinetics was represented using the Gompertz model. In conclusion, the inclusion of T.diversifolia to C.purpureus silages contributes to the decrease of methane at the ruminal level, which constitutes an adaptation practice at climate change.
Structural Diversity of Tree Stems of Elephant Camp Natural Forest in Omo Forest Reserve

Tree size diversity is an indicator of biodiversity values of a forest. Microsite conditions of a forest determine the survival and growth of trees. However, the contribution of variable habitats to tree size hierarchy and segregation is poorly understood. Tree size variation in a population is caused by different competition mechanisms. Therefore, the size distribution and spatial pattern of trees can identify the process governing resource utilisation in the forest. The objective of the study was to investigate the tree stem structural diversity in the Elephant Camp natural forest in the Omo Forest Reserve. Three and four 0.09 ha sample plots were established in Riparian (RF) and Old-growth forests (OF) in the Elephant Camp natural forest, respectively. The tree stems (Dbh ≥ 5cm) were identified to the species level and enumerated within each plot, and the stem density was computed. The diameter at breast height (Dbh) was measured with diameter tape. Species diversity was assessed using Shannon–Weiner (H’) and Simpson indices (1-D’), while size inequality was assessed using the Gini coefficient (GC), coefficient of variation (CV), H’ and I-D’. The performance of single two- and three-parameter Weibull models was evaluated using Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K-S) chi-square (χ2), root-mean-square error (RMSE), bias and the coefficient of determination (R2). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. A total of 27 and 24 tree species were identified in RF and OF, respectively. The stem density of RF was significantly higher than that of OF. The values of species diversity (H’, 1-D’) and evenness (E’) were higher in OF than in RF, while richness (Margalef and number of species) was higher in RF than in OF. The Dbh was 38.30 ± 21.4 and 42.87 ± 19.2 cm in Riparian and Old-growth forests, respectively. Size-density distributions of both forests were positively skewed and expressed exponential pattern. The forest types of the Elephant Camp natural forest comprise the same size-density frequency shape but a different proportion of tree sizes and structural diversities.
Emergency Contraceptive Pill Usage: How Community Pharmacists Can Communicate with Young Female Adults?

Emergency contraceptive pill (ECP) have been widely used by young women across the world to prevent unwanted pregnancy after an unprotected sexual intercourse. Community pharmacists are first line healthcare providers and play pivotal role in communicating correct use of emergency contraceptive pill. Given that the study of a communication guide particularly in the Malaysian setting is limited, this paper aims to explore the current pharmacy practice and effective communication channels in supply of emergency contraceptive pill to young female adults. Underpinning theory of Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) and Theory-informed media selection (TIMS) framework is discussed in the design of a health communication material. The outcome of study implies pharmacists to form an effective ECP communication channels to their respective pharmacy settings and to inform policy makers in the exploration of novel ECP information distribution channels in various healthcare settings in providing ECP information.
Models to Estimate the Bark Volume for Larix sp. in Poland

Bark constitutes one of the main residues and by-products of the timber harvest. Therefore, in order to conduct effective forest management, it is essential to estimate the possible amount of that product, which can be obtained during the harvest process. Our objective was to develop a model to estimate bark volume and bark volume fraction (i.e., its share in the total volume of a tree). For the study, we choose larch (Larix sp.) which is a rare but valuable forest raw material in Poland. The research material was collected in northern (2 sites), central (1 site), and southern (2 sites) in Poland. In total, we obtained data from nearly 600 trees growing on oligo-, meso-, and eutrophic sites. We used the tree’s breast height diameter, height, and total volume as independent variables. Both analyzed bark parameters varied significantly with regard to location, site type, and age class. Bark volume is strongly and significantly dependent on the tree’s breast height diameter, height, and total volume. For bark volume fraction, this correlation is significant but very weak. The best results of bark volume estimation are achieved for the model with total tree volume as an independent variable. Because of the strong effect of location on bark volume estimates, it is recommended to elaborate locally-based models for this parameter determination.
Business Risk and Sales on the Value of Manufacture Companies with Capital Structure as Intervening Variables in Stock Exchange

This study aimed to determine the effect of business risk, sales growth on firm value with capital structure as an intervening variable in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. To be able to understand this aim, we have reviewed 20 company's profiles and report from 2015 to 2018 with a purposive sampling technique. After collected the needed data, then analyzed data using the technique of panel data regression and path analysis. Finally, we obtained that the capital structure has a significant positive effect on firm value, business risk. While sales growth does not affect firm value and business risk does not affect capital structure. Sales growth has a significant negative effect on capital structure. The capital structure is only able to mediate the effect of sales growth on the value of the company. This study has its validity and reliability and therefore, it can be useful insights to support infrastructure business and other policymakers as well as academic projects working on similar issues.
The teacher as a child-rearer or the teacher as an educator. Two views of education workers on the teacher’s role

Teaching is a learned and practiced profession. In the course of their activities, the teacher influences the formation of attitudes, and the views and awareness of children and adolescents. Teaching should prepare young people “to independently manage the development of their own personality, to undertake valuable goals and to choose responsible life paths”. The teacher’s work situation results from the role that the teacher plays in the process of the socialization and education of children and adolescents. This article addresses the problem of the differentiation of the role of the teacher in the education process in Poland in terms of two variables – education and upbringing (child-rearing). It answers the question of whether and how the perception of the teaching profession has changed in the perception of people practicing this profession. How do teachers who are currently retired teachers see the profession and role of the teacher, and how are teachers currently practicing this profession? Is/was the Polish teacher a child-rearer or rather an educator, understood here as a person imparting knowledge? How does the occupation affect the perception of oneself, from the perspective of two groups of surveyed teachers (currently employed and retired)? All the reflections contained in the article are based on interviews with retired and currently working teachers. These interviews were part of a wider research project conducted in recent years by the author of the article in Polish educational institutions. The research took the form of ethnographic field research.
Exploring Host Community Perception of Panchor Town for Tourist Destination based on Social Exchange Theory

This paper explores the significance of a rural region, the village of Panchor, as a potential nature tourism site located in Johor district of Muar, Malaysia. The study's objectives were (1) evaluating local community funding, and (2) evaluating the participation of local government. Three overlapping topics were explored based on qualitative interpretation of an interview and open-ended answers in the questionnaire: (1) group connection, (2) economic benefits, and (3) environmental attitude. The findings revealed that river-based tourism could improve the socio-economic status and the sustainability of rural areas. It also addressed the consequences and limitations of the study in this report. Keywords: Community Attachment; Economic Gains; Environmental Attitude; River-based Tourism eISSN 2398-4295 ©2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers (AMER); Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians / Africans / Arabians (ABRA); Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies (cE-Bs), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v5i19. 191
Preparation of high-purity bismuth by sulphur deleadization in vacuum distillation

The feasibility of separation of impurities in refined bismuth and sulphur deleadization with vacuum distillation was studied theoretically. Experimental studies on sulphur deleadization were carried out under vacuum. The influences of amount of sulphur, distillation temperature, vacuum degree and distillation time on deleadization were investigated and an optimal technical condition was achieved. The content of lead in refined bismuth can be decreased from 30 μg/g to 0.21 μg/g, which has reached the level of “5N” high-purity bismuth. Other impurities in refined bismuth can be also removed effectively under certain conditions.
Network Pharmacology Approach and Experimental Verification of Huashi Dingtong Decoction Against Knee Osteoarthritis

Background: The aim of this study is to clarify the ingredients and targets of HSDTT against KOA by network pharmacology,and to verify the mechanism of HSDTT in treatment of KOA in vivo.Methods: Ingredient-target network for HSDTT and KOA was created to identify the potential targets, protein-protein interaction network was used to find the key targets of HSDTT in treatment for KOA, GO enrichment and KEGG pathway was conducted to illuminate the pathway related to KOA treat by HSDTT. Rat model of KOA was established by joint injection in papain.The morphology of cartilage were assessed by H&E. ELISA was used to detect the contents of inflammation cytokines in synovial fluid and synovium. The expression of the pathway protein were assessed by PCR.Results: The results of network pharmacology demonstrate that there are 440 ingredients of HSDTT against knee osteoarthritis by 478 targets.The KEGG enrichment analysis showed that PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway were the key pathways for HSDTT to treat KOA. Morphology of cartilage was improved in the HSDTT group when compared with the model group. Our experiment show that HSDTT can reduced the expressions of p38 and p53 in cartilage, increased the expression of collagenⅡ. The contents of IL-1β and TNF-α in the synovium and COX-2 and PGE-2 in synovial fluid were decreased significantly in the HSDTT group when compared with the model group.Conclusions: Our study indicadites that HSDTT is capable to alleviate inflammation and delay the progression of KOA by p38MAPK signaling pathway.
Length-weight relationships of marine fishes caught by danish seine in Lingayen gulf

The length-weight relationship were analysed for each marine fishes caught by Danish Seine, using specimens collected from the Magsaysay Market, Dagupan City, Pangasinan. Two Sampling sites were selected, namely, Sector I (western Coast) and Sector III (eastern Coast). Two commercial fishing vessels were utilized in the study; one each in Sector I and Sector III. Sampling was done every 15 days for a period of two months. The length-weight relationship, determined by the regression analysis were evaluated for each major fishes. In Sector I, the length and weight relationship for Decapterus macrosoma, Sphyraena barracuda, Rastrelliger kanagurta, Decapterus kurroides and Nemipterus bathybius was growing in a negative allometric way except of the Rastrelliger kanagurta that grows in positive allometric way. In Sector III species of Saurida tumbil, Rastrelliger brachysoma, Trichiurus lepturus, Nemipterus bathybius and Sphyraena barracuda) Sector III grows in negative allometric way. In addition, most of the species shows a strong positive correlation this indicates that as the length increases, weight also increases.
Supervised Exercise Therapy Using Mobile Health Technology in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Mobile health interventions are intended to support complex health care needs in chronic diseases digitally, but they are mainly targeted at general health improvement and neglect disease-specific requirements. Therefore, we designed TrackPAD, a smartphone app to support supervised exercise training in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Objective This pilot study aimed to evaluate changes in the 6-minute walking distance (meters) as a primary outcome measure. The secondary outcome measures included changes in physical activity and assessing the patients’ peripheral arterial disease–related quality of life. Methods This was a pilot two-arm, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Patients with symptomatic PAD (Fontaine stage IIa/b) and access to smartphones were eligible. Eligible participants were randomly assigned to the study, with the control group stratified by the distance covered in the 6-minute walking test using the TENALEA software. Participants randomized to the intervention group received usual care and the mobile intervention (TrackPAD) for the follow-up period of 3 months, whereas participants randomized to the control group received routine care only. TrackPAD records the frequency and duration of training sessions and pain levels using manual user input. Clinical outcome data were collected at the baseline and after 3 months via validated tools (the 6-minute walk test and self-reported quality of life). The usability and quality of the app were determined using the Mobile Application Rating Scale user version. Results The intervention group (n=19) increased their mean 6-minute walking distance (83 meters, SD 72.2), while the control group (n=20) decreased their mean distance after 3 months of follow-up (–38.8 meters, SD 53.7; P=.01). The peripheral arterial disease–related quality of life increased significantly in terms of “symptom perception” and “limitations in physical functioning. ” Users’ feedback showed increased motivation and a changed attitude toward performing supervised exercise training. Conclusions Besides the rating providing a valuable support tool for the user group, the mobile intervention TrackPAD was linked to a change in prognosis-relevant outcome measures combined with enhanced coping with the disease. The influence of mobile interventions on long-term prognosis must be evaluated in the future. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04947228; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04947228
Exploring the effects of awareness and time delay in controlling malaria disease propagation

Abstract In this article, a mathematical model has been derived for studying the dynamics of malaria disease and the influence of awareness-based interventions, for control of the same, that depend on ‘level of awareness’. We have assumed the disease transmission rates from vector to human and from human to vector, as decreasing functions of ‘level of awareness’. The effect of insecticides for controlling the mosquito population is influenced by the level of awareness, modelled using a saturated term. Organizing any awareness campaign takes time. Therefore a time delay has been incorporated in the model. Some basic mathematical properties such as nonnegativity and boundedness of solutions, feasibility and stability of equilibria have been analysed. The basic reproduction number is derived which depends on media coverage. We found two equilibria of the model namely the disease-free and endemic equilibrium. Disease-free equilibrium is stable if basic reproduction number (ℛ0) is less than unity (ℛ0 < 1). Stability switches occur through Hopf bifurcation when time delay crosses a critical value. Numerical simulations confirm the main results. It has been established that awareness campaign in the form of using different control measures can lead to eradication of malaria.
Análise dinâmica da volatilidade dos retornos do Ibovespa: uma aplicação do modelo autorregressivo de mudanças markovianas

O presente artigo utiliza o modelo Markov Switching Autorregressivo de dois estados desenvolvido por Hamilton (1989), para capturar mudanças de regime tanto na média quanto na variância dos retornos do Ibovespa, entre janeiro de 2000 e maio de 2020. A evidência empírica indica probabilidades de transição sugerindo que apenas eventos podem mudar a série de um regime de baixa volatilidade para um regime de alta volatilidade e vice-versa. Verificou-se que os resultados do modelo MS(2)-AR(1) detectaram momento das mudanças de regimes dos retornos, por causa da eleição presidencial, crises financeiras 2008 e a pandemia (coronavírus 2020).
A Novel Method for Mass Measurement by Quantitative Image Deformation

Mass of an object is an important characteristic for quality assessment. However, in some cases, it is hard to measure the mass of objects with instruments directly. In this paper, we proposed a novel method based on image processing to measure the mass of an object by analyzing the deformation degree in a grid pattern. In the spatial field, thin plate spline algorithm was adopted to calculate the minimum deformation bending energy in order to give a quantitative analysis of the weight; In frequency domain, the Fast Fourier Transform algorithm was used to calculate the spectrum within a deformation frequency area before and after the change of grids, from which the relationship between weight and spectrum was investigated. Two different equations evaluated by the above two methods were proposed in order to calculate the mass of an object. Both of them showed a high level of explanatory power of R 2 (R 2 =0.9833 and R 2 =0.9698, respectively). The equations were then used to determine the estimated mass. Estimated and measured values were plotted against each other. A high correlation (R 2 =0.9833 and R 2 =0.9698, respectively) was found between actual and calculated mass. Finally, Bland-Altman plot was introduced to access the agreement of the calculated mass and the actual mass. The average bias was -54.408g and -0.007g for spatial domain method and frequency domain method, respectively. Theoretical analysis and experiments were performed to verify the effectiveness of our approaches.
LANGMUIR PROBE CHARACTERIZATION OF LASER-GENERATED PLASMAS

Non-equilibrium plasmas expanding in vacuum at supersonic velocities produced by interaction between the 9 ns Nd:YAG laser and metallic bulk targets (Ta, Ag, Fe, Ti) are investigated. The plasma plume is emitted mainly along the normal to the irradiated target surface and the plasma temperature and density are strongly dependent on the expansion time and distance from the target surface. Plasma characterization measurements are performed in situ with a millimetric Langmuir probe. The probe tip current vs. the polarization voltage is measured as a function of the expansion time. 3D plots of the probe I vs. V curve with respect to the time are reconstructed in order to describe the plasma plume dynamics. Investigations on the plume structure, electron density, electron temperature and ion saturation currents are reported. Obtained results indicate that high temperature and density gradients are present and that strong ion accelerations occur. The temperatures and densities measured by means of the Langmuir probe have been compared with those obtained by other analysis techniques and estimations of such parameters in proximity of target surface (i.e. in the early stages of plasma plume expansion) are also given.