Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: diagnostic performance of multidetector CT enterography.

PURPOSE To evaluate the diagnostic performance of computed tomographic (CT) enterography in identifying the source of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and to determine clinical features associated with a higher diagnostic yield of CT enterography. MATERIALS AND METHODS The institutional review board approved this study, with waiver of informed consent. CT enterographic images in 65 patients (46 men [mean age, 54 years; range, 18-85 years] and 19 women [mean age, 62.1 years; range, 33-79 years]) who presented with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding between August 2005 and July 2007 were reviewed retrospectively and independently by two radiologists. The diagnostic performance of CT enterography was assessed by using the results of endoscopic and other imaging examinations, surgery, and clinical follow-up as the reference standard. Differences in the diagnostic yield of CT enterography according to patient demographic and clinical features, including age, sex, type and episode of bleeding (occult, initial overt, and recurrent overt), occurrence of recent bleeding, and history of massive bleeding, were evaluated by using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS CT enterography helped identify the source of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding in 16 (24.6%) of 65 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CT enterography were 55.2% (16 of 29), 100% (32 of 32), 100% (16 of 16), and 71.1% (32 of 45), respectively. Among patients' clinical features, a history of massive bleeding (diagnostic yield, 58.3% [seven of 12]; adjusted odds ratio, 7.2; P = .01) was independently associated with a higher diagnostic yield for CT enterography. CONCLUSION CT enterography has a potential role in the evaluation of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Despite the limited sensitivity of CT enterography, positive CT enterographic findings can reliably indicate the true source of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. CT enterography is particularly effective in helping identify the source of bleeding in patients with a history of massive bleeding. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL http://radiology.rsna. org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.11101936/-/DC1.
Association between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Lung Health from Young Adulthood to Middle Age

Rationale: Beyond the risks of smoking, there are limited data on factors associated with change in lung function over time. Objectives: To determine whether cardiorespiratory fitness was longitudinally associated with preservation of lung health. Methods: Prospective data were collected from 3,332 participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study aged 18‐30 in 1985 who underwent treadmill exercise testing at baseline visit, and 2,735 participants with a second treadmill test 20 years later. The association between cardiorespiratory fitness and covariate adjusted decline in lung function was evaluated. Measurements and Main Results: Higher baseline fitness was associated with less decline in lung function. When adjusted for age, height, race‐sex group, peak lung function, and years from peak lung function, each additional minute of treadmill duration was associated with 1.00 ml/yr less decline in FEV1 (P < 0.001) and 1.55 ml/yr less decline in FVC (P < 0.001). Greater decline in fitness was associated with greater annual decline in lung function. Each 1‐minute decline in treadmill duration between baseline and Year 20 was associated with 2.54 ml/yr greater decline in FEV1 (P < 0.001) and 3.27 ml/yr greater decline in FVC (P < 0.001). Both sustaining higher and achieving relatively increased levels of fitness over 20 years were associated with preservation of lung health. Conclusions: Greater cardiopulmonary fitness in young adulthood, less decline in fitness from young adulthood to middle age, and achieving increased fitness from young adulthood to middle age are associated with less decline in lung health over time. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials. gov (NCT 00005130).
Fraud vulnerabilities and the global financial crisis

This paper examines the evidence that would enable judgement of what is likely to happen to the incidence of fraud in the context of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), whether as a result of the crisis or of other factors that coincide with it. Normally, statistical data on crime and/or cost of crime trends is examined to enable determination of whether a problem is getting better or worse. However, despite measures being developed to improve fraud statistics in Australia, these cannot be applied retrospectively to past data (especially since the last serious recession was almost 2 decades ago and the last comparable global financial crisis was in the 1930s); and fairly comprehensive Australian cost of fraud data are currently available only for one year and therefore cannot be used to show trends in the cost of fraud. Nonetheless, some useful insights can be gained from an examination of the GFC that could be used to predict fraud trends in the future and to determine how best to minimise risks of such opportunistic crime occurring in the years ahead.
Interventions to promote young people’s physical activity: Issues, implications and recommendations for practice

There has been increased interest in the development and implementation of physical activity interventions designed to increase young people’s physical activity participation in recent years. This is perhaps founded on concerns over youngsters’ physical activity levels and the possible health consequences. School-based interventions are the most common form of intervention but, given that the majority of young people’s physical activity occurs outside school, there is now growing recognition of the importance of community-based programmes and the involvement of the community at all levels if interventions are to be effective. Based on previous reviews of the findings of formally evaluated interventions, this article considers the evidence base for the effectiveness of school and community-based physical activity interventions. Despite limitations in the literature, it reveals that physical activity interventions with young people can be effective and achieve positive outcomes. The interventions are discussed and a number of issues and observations are highlighted concerning the programme types, target populations, and their design and implementation. Based on this discussion, a number of recommendations for physical activity promotion practice are then made. The article concludes that, until a stronger evidence base becomes available, health professionals, physical educators and other practitioners should be encouraged to plan, implement and evaluate physical activity programmes for young people and draw on such recommendations to inform their practice.
Does pretransplant obesity affect the outcome in kidney transplant recipients?

UNLABELLED The effect of obesity on renal transplant outcome remains unclear due to conflicting published studies. The purpose of this study was to assess whether obesity affects the outcome in renal transplant patients. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 33 obese (BMI >30; mean = 34.1 +/- 3.68; group I) and 35 nonobese (BMI < or = 30; mean = 23.6 +/- 3.18; group II) renal transplants performed at our center between March 1999 to December 2002. These two groups were well matched with respect to age, sex, donor source, hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, hyperlipidemia, native kidney disease (PCKD, 6 vs 4; diabetic, 5 vs 4; glomerulonephritis, 6 vs 7; FSGS, 2 vs 2 and IgA, 2 vs 7), HLA mismatch and immunosuppressants medications (Neoral, 21 vs 25; tacrolimus, 11 vs 10; Cellcept, 28 vs 31; Prednisone, 33 vs 35; ATG, 7 vs 8; Basiliximab, 14 vs 13 and Rapamycin, 5 vs 2, groups I and II, respectively). Follow-up was from 7 months to 4.4 years. RESULTS Significant differences were noted in operating time, wound infection, perinephric hematoma, lymphocele, and number of hospital days. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the incidence of wound dehiscence, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, atelectasis, urine leak, delayed graft function, acute rejection rate, and the following posttransplant variables: diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and incisional hernia. We conclude that obesity significantly increases operating time, wound complications, and hospitalizations.
2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines.

Preamble 2356 1. Introduction 2357 2. Overview of Acs 2358 3. Initial Evaluation and Management: Recommendations 2358 4. Early Hospital Care: Recommendations 2363 5. Myocardial Revascularization: Recommendations 2369 6. Late Hospital Care, Hospital Discharge, and Posthospital Discharge Care: Recommendations 2371
Interactive volume on standard PC graphics hardware using multi-textures and multi-stage rasterization

Interactive direct volume rendering has yet been restricted to high-end graphics workstations and special-purpose hardware, due to the large amount of trilinear interpolations, that are necessary to obtain high image quality. Implementations that use the 2D-texture capabilities of standard PC hardware, usually render object-aligned slices in order to substitute trilinear by bilinear interpolation. However the resulting images often contain visual artifacts caused by the lack of spatial interpolation. In this paper we propose new rendering techniques that significantly improve both performance and image quality of the 2D-texture based approach. We will show how in ulti-texturing capabilitiesof modern consumer PC graphboards are exploited to enable in teractive high quality volume visualization on low-cost hardware. Furthermore we demonstrate how multi-stage rasterization hardware can be used to efficiently render shaded isosurfaces and to compute diffuse illumination for semi-transparent volume rendering at interactive frame rates.
Project based approach to increasing uptake of influenza vaccine in an underachieving GP practice

Influenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality (DH, 2006; Watson et al 2001). In the United Kingdom (UK), the policy of encouraging influenza vaccine uptake in elderly people is a central tenet of managing winter pressures in the National Health Service (NHS) and preventing ill health among older people in the community. A project based management approach was used to evaluate the organisational practice within a single-handed general practitioner (GP) practice during the 2005/06 Influenza Immunisation Programme. The project highlighted a number of problems such as a poorly structured programme, insufficient knowledge about the severity of influenza or the efficacy of the vaccine, and insufficient computer technology. A stepwise process and a number of evidence based interventions were implemented with the aim of increasing the uptake of influenza vaccine in the target population. The overall aim of the project was to show a measured practice increase in the number of older people, defined as 65 years and over, taking up influenza vaccine within one influenza campaign. An increase of 35.71% was achieved. The findings of this project have the potential to inform and enhance the design and implementation of the influenza programmes in other practices that are experiencing difficulties in achieving a good influenza immunisation uptake.
Instabilidade ântero-inferior traumática do ombro: procedimento de Bankart em atletas não profissionais

Between February 1999 and March 2002, twenty-one non-professional nonprofessional athletes (21 shoulders, mean age of 26.63 years) with traumatic antero-inferior instability were evaluated. All of them underwent surgical treatment using the Bankart technique with anchors. The capsuloligament retensioning was performed after the sulcus sign was detected during physical examination or during the surgical act. According to the criteria by Rowe et al(20), fifteen excellent results were obtained, three good, two regular, and one poor result. In the postoperative period, the mean internal rotation, using the vertebral level as a parameter, was T12. The external rotation was 27.19 degrees and the mean abduction was 166.90 degrees; the sulcus test was positive in one patient (4.76%), while recurrence occurred in two patients (9.52%). Sixteen athletes returned to their sports activities (76.19%). The main factors related to the abandonment and partial rehabilitation were the fear of residual pain recurrence, and instability.
Staging Dementia Using Proxy-Reported Activities of Daily Living

Background/Aim: It has been questioned whether cognitive and behavioral scales sufficiently address the impact of dementia on the everyday life of patients. Therefore, other instruments are used, such as scales of activities of daily living (ADL). Our goal was to analyze variables influencing the appraisal of ADL. Method: Prospective cohort study on 202 patients with dementia and their proxies. Results: Two clusters of patients were identified. These clusters differed significantly in their constituting variables and all variables that informants reported regarding the patients. However, severity of dementia and other variables were similar in the two clusters. Conclusion: We conclude that ratings of basic and instrumental ADL by proxy are modulated by the informants’ variables, particularly if these informants are female. Use of ADL scales to assess the impact of dementia or treatment thereof needs to be handled cautiously.
Accruing evidence on benefits of adherence to the Mediterranean diet on health: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND The Mediterranean diet has long been reported to be protective against the occurrence of several different health outcomes. OBJECTIVE We aimed to update our previous meta-analysis of published cohort prospective studies that investigated the effects of adherence to the Mediterranean diet on health status. DESIGN We conducted a comprehensive literature search through electronic databases up to June 2010. RESULTS The updated review process showed 7 prospective studies published in the past 2 y that were not included in the previous meta-analysis (1 study for overall mortality, 3 studies for cardiovascular incidence or mortality, 1 study for cancer incidence or mortality, and 2 studies for neurodegenerative diseases). These recent studies included 2 health outcomes not previously investigated (ie, mild cognitive impairment and stroke). The meta-analysis for all studies with a random-effects model that was conducted after the inclusion of these recent studies showed that a 2-point increase in adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a significant reduction of overall mortality [relative risk (RR) = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.94], cardiovascular incidence or mortality (RR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.87, 0.93), cancer incidence or mortality (RR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.92, 0.96), and neurodegenerative diseases (RR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.94). The meta-regression analysis showed that sample size was the most significant contributor to the model because it significantly influenced the estimate of the association for overall mortality. CONCLUSION This updated meta-analysis confirms, in a larger number of subjects and studies, the significant and consistent protection provided by adherence to the Mediterranean diet in relation to the occurrence of major chronic degenerative diseases.
Screening of Women in Jail for Health Risks and Needs

Abstract In order to address the relative lack of services for women who come into contact with the criminal justice system, there is a need to develop quick and easily administered screening tools. This pilot study was conducted with 110 women in two urban county jails in Ohio. The purpose of the project was to develop and pilot a quick multidimensional screening instrument for women in jail to identify risk and rehabilitative needs. The project resulted in a 15-item screening tool which can be used in urban crowded jail settings to identify women at risk for health, substance abuse, mental health, family, employment or housing risks.
Reduced abundance of aquaporins in rats with bilateral ischemia-induced acute renal failure : prevention by a-MSH

TAE-HWAN KWON,1 JØRGEN FRØKIAER,2 PATRICIA FERNÁNDEZ-LLAMA,3 MARK A. KNEPPER,3 AND SØREN NIELSEN1 1Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Aarhus; 2Department of Clinical Physiology, Aarhus University Hospital and Institute of Experimental Clinical Research, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark; and 3Laboratory of Kidney and Electrolyte Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Change in positive emotion and recovery of functional status following stroke.

OBJECTIVES To investigate change in positive emotion over a 3-month follow-up period and determine whether this change is associated with recovery of functional status in persons with stroke. DESIGN A longitudinal study using information from the Stroke Recovery in Underserved Patients (SRUP) database. Positive emotion and functional status were assessed within 72 hours of discharge from an in-patient medical rehabilitation facility and at 3-month follow-up using established measurement instruments. PARTICIPANTS The study included 840 adults 55 years old or older with a first-time stroke and admitted to one of eleven in-patient medical rehabilitation facilities in the United States. RESULTS The mean age was 72.9 (SD = 9.52) years, 78.6% were non-Hispanic white and 51.7% were women. The average length of stay was 20.2 (SD =10.1) days and the most prevalent type of stroke was ischemic (75.0%). Positive emotion increased for 35.6% of the sample, decreased for 29.2%, and 35.2% reported no change. Increases in positive emotion change score compared to no change (b = -3.2, SE = 1.5, p = .032) or a decline (b = -8.9, SE = 1.4, p = or <.001) was significantly associated with improved functional status at the 3-month follow-up after adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical variables as well as depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Positive emotion is a dynamic process and can change over time. In persons with stroke, increases in positive emotion over a 3-month period was significantly associated with an increasing likelihood of recovery of functional status compared to no change or a decline in positive emotion. Understanding factors that influence both increases and decreases in positive emotion has implications for stroke rehabilitation programming and quality of life post-hospital discharge.
Efecto de la nueva regulación antitabaco en Italia

OBJETIVO: Se realizo un estudio poblacional para conocer las actitudes relacionadas con la Nueva Ley Italiana Antitabaco y el efecto sobre el consumo. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Se analizo una muestra de 3 114 individuos mayores de 15 anos representativos de la poblacion general adulta italiana. RESULTADOS: Tras la entrada en vigor de las politicas antitabaquismo, el apoyo a ellas aumento y ademas contribuyeron con 8% al descenso del consumo de cigarrillos en el corto plazo. Las prohibiciones antitabaco se aceptaron casi de modo unanime y al parecer no afectaron de manera desfavorable a restaurantes y cafeterias. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados muestran las ventajas de esta nueva legislacion, que puede tener importantes implicaciones en la salud publica.
Normal Pituitary Stalk: High-Resolution MR Imaging at 3T

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Knowing the normal imaging appearance of the pituitary stalk is important for the diagnosis of pituitary infundibular lesions, and more accurate assessment of the stalk may be possible at 3T than at 1.5T. Our purpose was to evaluate the normal pituitary stalk by use of high-resolution MR imaging at 3T. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sagittal MPRAGE images and high-resolution oblique-axial T2-weighted images of the pituitary stalk were acquired in 29 healthy volunteers (16 men and 13 women; mean age, 28 years; age range, 21–43 years) at 3T. The diameter and length of the pituitary stalk and the depth of the infundibular recess were measured. Signal intensity of the stalk was visually evaluated on T2-weighted images. RESULTS: The AP and transverse diameters of the pituitary stalk were 2.32 ± 0.39 mm and 2.16 ± 0.37 mm at the pituitary insertion, respectively, and 3.25 ± 0.43 mm and 3.35 ± 0.44 mm at the level of the optic chiasm. No significant differences were observed between the AP and transverse diameters at each level. The length of the stalk was 5.91 ± 1.24 mm, and the depth of the infundibular recess was 4.69 ± 0.87 mm. The stalk showed central hyperintensity with a peripheral rim of isointensity in 20 subjects (69%) and homogeneous isointensity in 9 subjects (31%). CONCLUSIONS: The data of the current study can serve as standard measurements of the normal pituitary stalk. The central hyperintensity and peripheral rim may represent the infundibular stem and pars tuberalis, respectively.
Radiographic Evaluation of Root and Canal Morphologies of Third Molar Teeth in Iranian Population

statistics. Results: According to the study on 173 mandibular third molars, 92.4%, 4.6%, and 2.89% had two, one, and three roots, respectively. Majority of them had two or three canals and most of mesial root canals were type 2; but in 179 maxillary third molars, findings showed that 67.6%, 15%, 11.7%, and 5.6% of teeth had three, one, two, and four roots, respectively, majority of which had three canals (68.7%). Canals of 100% of distobuccal and palatal roots and 91% of mesiobuccal roots were type 1. Conclusions: However, root and canal anatomies of third molar teeth are unknown, but studies focusing on third molar teeth have shown their possibility of treatment.
Deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: follow-up after 3 to 6 years.

OBJECTIVE A prevalence of at least 30% for treatment-resistant depression has prompted the investigation of alternative treatment strategies. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising targeted approach involving the bilateral placement of electrodes at specific neuroanatomical sites. Given the invasive and experimental nature of DBS for treatment-resistant depression, it is important to obtain both short-term and long-term effectiveness and safety data. This report represents an extended follow-up of 20 patients with treatment-resistant depression who received DBS to the subcallosal cingulate gyrus (Brodmann's area 25). METHOD After an initial 12-month study of DBS, patients were seen annually and at a last follow-up visit to assess depression severity, functional outcomes, and adverse events. RESULTS The average response rates 1, 2, and 3 years after DBS implantation were 62.5%, 46.2%, and 75%, respectively. At the last follow-up visit (range=3-6 years), the average response rate was 64.3%. Functional impairment in the areas of physical health and social functioning progressively improved up to the last follow-up visit. No significant adverse events were reported during this follow-up, although two patients died by suicide during depressive relapses. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that in the long term, DBS remains a safe and effective treatment for treatment-resistant depression. Additional trials with larger samples are needed to confirm these findings.