Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurement of NAPL saturation distribution in whole domains by the Simplified Image Analysis Method

A Simplified Image Analysis Method devised to assess the saturation distribution of water and Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (NAPLs) in granular soils subject to fluctuating groundwater conditions was developed and tested for ten different NAPLs of different density and viscosity values (0.73 ≤ ρ ≤ 1.20 g/cm; 1.4 ≤ ν ≤ 1000 mPa∙s). The Simplified Image Analysis Method, which is based on an extension of the Beer-Lambert Law of Transmittance that predicts the existence of a linear relationship between the saturation of water (Sw), NAPL (So), and their corresponding average optical densities (Di), was tested by photographing samples of Toyoura sand mixed with different amounts of water and NAPLs, using two digital cameras with different wavelength band-pass filters (λ = 450 nm and 640 nm), and obtaining the linear equations relating Sw, So and Di for the each NAPL. Once the linear relationships were confirmed, this method was used to assess the behavior of two different NAPLs subject to fluctuating groundwater tables, demonstrating that this non-intrusive and non-destructive method can be used as a reliable tool to provide water and NAPL saturation distributions in full domains, when studying the effects of porous soil contamination by NAPLs under dynamic conditions. RÉSUMÉ: Une méthode simplifiée d’analyse d’image visant à mesurer la distribution de la saturation d’eau et des liquides en phase non-aqueuse (NAPLs) des sols granuleux soumis aux fluctuations des eaux souterraines, a été développée et testée dans dix différents NAPLs (0.73≤ ρ≤1.20 g/cm; 1.4≤ν≤1000 mPa∙s). La méthode simplifiée d’analyse d’image, une extension de la lois de Beer-Lambert qui établit une relation linéaire entre la saturation d’eau (Sw), de NAPL (So) et leurs densités optiques respectives (Di), a été testée en photographiant à l’aide de deux cameras digitales ayant des filtre passe-bande de longueur d’onde différente (λ = 450 nm et 640 nm) des échantillons de sable de Toyoura, mélangés avec des quantités différentes d’eau et des NAPLs, et en obtenant les équations linéaires qui lient Sw, So et Di à chacun de NAPL. Après confirmation de la relation linéaire, cette méthode a été utilisée pour évaluer le comportement de deux différents NAPLs soumis aux fluctuations des nappes phréatiques; et pour démontrer que cette méthode non intrusive et non destructive, peut être utilisée de manière fiable pour obtenir les distributions de saturation d’eau et de NAPL dans tout le spectre lors des explorations des effets de contamination des sols poreux par des NAPLs sous les conditions dynamiques.
Risk Control of Variable Annuities With Ratchet

This paper suggests a unified methodology for the management of Guaranteed Minimum Accumulation Benefit contracts. Using a non-Gaussian setting in line with many of the stylized features observed in the market, we address the pricing, hedging, and risk control of these contracts from an operational risk management perspective. Since the well-known and widely used deltahedging ratio is not optimal, one of the most important problems raised is the issue of hedging. The literature suggests many theoretical solutions whose efficiency from a computational point of view is controversial and rarely studied. From the empirical part of the paper, the authors give a simple rule for designing a hedging policy appropriate to the actual financial environment that proves useful both for insurers and regulators. JEL: G22, G11
Infl uence of Natural Daylight on Soil Color Description : Assessment Using a Color-Appearance Model Pedology

SSSAJ: Volume 75: Number 3 • May–June 2011 Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 75:984–993 Posted online 18 Apr. 2011 doi:10.2136/sssaj2010.0336 Received 2 Sept. 2010. *Corresponding author (msm@ugr.es). © Soil Science Society of America, 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Infl uence of Natural Daylight on Soil Color Description: Assessment Using a Color-Appearance Model Pedology
A Performance Evaluation of Intrusion Detection by Fuzzy Possibilistic C-Means Clustering Algorithm over the NSL-KDD Dataset

IDS is a procedure of observing the events happening in a computer system or network and analyzing them for indication of a conceivable potential event which is an infringement or inevitable dangers of infringement or computer security approaches or standard security strategies of adjacent threats. MATLAB 2018a tool is used for the implementation on a NSL-KDD dataset. The motivation behind this investigation is to detect the attack. This paper, deals with the evaluation of data mining based machine learning algorithms viz. Fuzzy C-Means and Fuzzy Possibilistic CMeans clustering algorithms to identify intrusion over NSL-KDD dataset for effectively detecting the major attack categories i.e. DoS, R2L, U2R and Probe. Keywords— IDS, NSL-KDD Dataset, MATLAB, Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm, Fuzzy possibillistic C-Means Algorithm.
Evaluating one-way and two-way cluster-robust covariance matrix estimates

This presentation updates Nichols and Schaffer's 2007 UKSUG talk on clustered standard errors. Although cluster-robust standard errors are now recognized as essential in a panel data context, official Stata only supports clusters that are nested within panels. This rules out the possibility of defining clusters in the time dimension, and modeling contemporaneous dependence of panel units' error processes. We build upon recent analytical developments that define 2-way (and conceptually n-way) clustering, and the implementation in 2010 of 2-way clustering in the widely used ivreg2 and xtivreg2 packages. We present examples of the utility of 1-way and 2-way clustering using Monte Carlo techniques, a comparison with alternative approaches to modeling error dependence, and consider tests for clustering of errors.
V Professional paper PROGRAM OF TELLURIC LINES MONITORING

A new observational program of telluric lines monitoring was introduced at Belgrade Astronomical Observatory. The ultimate goal of this program is to investigate the properties of Earth’s atmosphere through modeling the observed profiles of telluric lines. The program is intend to observe infrared molecular oxygen lines that were selected according to spectral sensitivity of the available CCD camera. In this paper we give the initial and the final selection criteria for spectral lines included in the program, the description of equipment and procedures used for observations and reduction, a review of preliminary observational results with the estimated precision, and a short discussion on the comparison of the theoretical predictions and the measurements.
CMS 2015 Planning support for the design of quality control strategies in global production networks

The increasing globalization forces manufacturing companies to organize their production in global networks, which include company internal sites as well as locations of external partners and suppliers. Each site in this network has an assigned strategic role according to the specific location factors, i.e. qualification level of employees or available process technology, and the defined specialization of each site, i.e. regarding served market, final product or realized processes. This role defines an individual target system that considers at least the dimensions cost, quality and time. Each site acts autonomously according to the target system. Since it is crucial for the success of the company to ensure the demanded quality of the final product with minimal cumulated quality costs and lead times, the quality control strategy for the production network has to be designed according to the target systems of the individual sites. The presented article describes an approach, which enables globally operating companies to efficiently plan their efforts for their quality control measures in their respective production network taking the specific site roles into account. In a first step, a value-stream-based methodology is presented, which visualizes quality characteristics as well as related quality inspections in the production process chain and which identifies potentials in the quality control strategy across locations. In a second step a simulation approach is used to evaluate the effects of different quality measures considering dynamic influencing factors and individual target systems, so that the optimal quality control strategy for the production network can be identified. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of 48th CIRP Conference on MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS CIRP CMS 2015.
Vector Field Based Approach to Reconstruct and Represent Functional Spaces with Areal Cartogram

This study adopts the vector field approach to tackle the problem posed by asymmetric distances during the reconstruction of a functional space from empirical spatial interaction data. An interaction field can be estimated by linking the vector concept with inverted doubly constrained spatial interaction models. It enables to infer a potential field, as a forcing function giving rise to the asymmetry of spatial interaction. With the potential field, a density-equalizing areal cartogram is applied to map a global representation of the reconstructed functional space. Observed migration flows between U.S. states are used to demonstrate the validity of our approach.
ANGLE-OF-ATTACK IMPACT ON THE AEROTHERMODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF FLAT-NOSE POWER-LAW BODIES IN HYPERSONIC AIRFLOW

This work describes a computational investigation on rarefied hypersonic flow past flat-nose power-law leading edges at incidence. Positive angle-of-attack effects on the aerodynamic surface quantities have been investigated by employing the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) Method. A method that properly accounts for the non-equilibrium aspects of the flow that arise near the leading-edge nose and that are especially important at high Mach numbers. The study is of great importance since it is impossible to achieve ideally sharp leading edges of airframes such as waverider vehicles. The results presented highlight the sensitivity of heat flux, drag and lift to changes not only on the angle of attack but also on the afterbody surface of the leading edges defined by power-law shapes. The analysis showed that positive angle of attack causes the expected asymmetry in the flow patterns as the stagnation point moves from the symmetry axis to the windward side of the leading edges.
Craving : the Neurotoxic and Social-cognitive Effects of Drugs Consumptions of Adults , Adolescences , including Prenatal Exposure to Drugs of Abuse

Substances of abuse affect cognition in a number of ways. One of its indirect effects include craving, which has been an important factor to relapse to substance abuse. Peer-induced craving is a powerful form of this construct. The brain mechanisms involved in drug craving or the urge have been studied in recent years. As the social contagion and wrong association in peer groups are the main causes to substance abuse and relapse, understanding the mechanisms involved in processing a peer’s thought and behavior will be beneficial in the rehabilitation treatment. This literature review highlights the short-term neurotoxicity of drugs of abuse and its long-term consequence of cognitive deficits in the brain and mind of abusers, including adults, adolescences and prenatal exposure of drugs of abuse, as well as the genetic factors associated. The review also provides a window into complex social-cognitive relations in which drug abusers not only try to think of what the other abusers are thinking or behaving, but also attempt to measure and seek craving responses to external and internal related stimuli – i.e. why and what the others’ craving reaction affect one’s thoughts and behaviors.
Leveraging Deep neuraL networks anD semantic simiLarity measures for meDicaL concept normaLisation in user reviews

Nowadays a new yet powerful tool for drug repurposing and hypothesis generation emerged. Text mining of different domains like scientific libraries or social media has proven to be reliable in that application. One particular task in that area is medical concept normalization, i.e. mapping a disease mention to a concept in a controlled vocabulary, like Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). This task is challenging due to the differences in language of health care professionals and social media users. To bridge this gap, we developed end-to-end architectures based on bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory and Gated Recurrent Units. In addition, we combined an attention mechanism with our model. We have done an exploratory study on hyperparameters of proposed architectures and compared them with the effective baseline for classification based on convolutional neural networks. A qualitative examination of the mentions in user reviews dataset collected from popular online health information platforms as well as quantitative one both show improvements in the semantic representation of health-related expressions in user reviews about drugs.
On Concise Representations of Grounding Electrodes for Assessment of the Lightning Performance of Transmission Lines

This paper discusses concise representations of tower footing electrodes for assessment of the lightning performance of transmission lines. It shows that using the impulse impedance obtained for representative first-stroke lightning currents yields practically the same performance obtained under the physical representation of such electrodes. Keywordslightning response tower-footing electrodes; lightning performance of transimission lines; concise representation of electrodes; impulse grounding impedance.
Improving Weak Queries using Local Cluster Analysis as a Preliminary Framework

In a web retrieval task, the query is usually short and the users expect to find the relevant documents in the first several result pages. To address this issue, the possibilities of using Local Cluster Analysis as a preliminary framework with the intention of improving the effectiveness of weak queries by clustering search results and creating high-precision retrieval is explored in this paper. Moreover, employing this notion makes our approach an apt choice to be embedded in other applications such as Pseudo Relevance Feedback that requires high-precision results and cannot be applied on weak queries currently. The clustering method is notably an important part in our approach. Therefore, the problem of creating effective and meaningful clusters is addressed in this paper and different well-known and state-of-the-art clustering methods are evaluated in order to achieve superior efficiency and effectiveness in the proposed approach. Consequently, various experiments are conducted to evaluate the impact of the proposed architecture and different clustering variants in large Persian text collection created based on TREC specifications. Furthermore, extensive experiments results present promising improvements over existing measures that emphasize on weak queries.
Introduction to VHDL-AMS. 1. Structural and discrete time concepts

This paper provides an introduction to VHDL and its application to control system problems. Particular emphasis is placed on the use of VHDL-93 and the impact of discrete time and unidirectional flow. By adapting control systems problems to the discrete time constraints of VHDL, considerable simulation speed advantage is realized over the more complete solution of simultaneous equations possible with VHDL-AMS. The basic structure of VHDL is explored, and several examples are included to illustrate critical points. Finally, the modifications needed to VHDL to accommodate the more general needs of analog electronic and other systems are briefly introduced (VHDL-AMS).
Experimental Study of Bilateral Cooperation Under a Violent Conflict : The Case of Israelis and Palestinians *

We investigate strategic interactions of Israelis and Palestinians within a controlled laboratory and an artfactual field experiment. Our aim is to compare two potential influences on between-subject-pool cooperation: group identity and face-to-face encounter. In our first treatment we retrieve cooperation benchmarks prevailing within both subject pools. Then we measure cooperation levels and associated beliefs between Israelis and Palestinians. Treatment three assesses the influence of pre–play face-toface encounter on cooperative behavior. We find that the degree of expected and actual cooperation within the Palestinian subject pool is significantly higher as compared to the respective levels found in Israel. In line with previous studies, cooperation decreases if subjects are paired with subjects from the other subject pool. Previously detected subject pool differences are not offset. The introduction of face-to-face communication dramatically increases the cooperation rates. The differences in contributions between Palestinians and Israelis are associated with differences in subjects‘ beliefs. Face-to-face encounter increases and balances beliefs and therefore enhances cooperation. We conclude that direct encounter can dominate the negative effect of group identity.
Accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Comparison with Histopathology in the Diagnosis of Breast Lesion 2016-2017

Background : Breast lump is a common presentation in the surgical outpatient department with increasing awareness of both patient and clinician . The diagnosis of nature of a breast lump was based on the triple assessment protocol which includes clinical examination , radiological imaging and histopathologic examination . Despite that the histopathological diagnosis is a gold standard method for nature of breast lump diagnosis , fine needle aspiration cytology is easy , rapid , reliable and less expensive method with high sensitivity , specificity and accuracy rate . Objective :To assess the diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology in palpable breast mass. Methods : A total of 73 female patients with palpable breast mass were included in this prospective cross sectional study which was performed in Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital , College Of Medicine , University Of Wassit from September 2016 to February 2017 . All female patients were selected randomly irrespective of their age , marital status , occupation and social status . All female patients underwent fine needle aspiration cytology in the department of pathology by expert pathologists, then every patient underwent a definitive surgical procedure (excisional biopsy )and sent for histopathology . The results of fine needle aspiration cytology were interpreted as unsatisfactory , benign ,suspicion of malignancy, and malignant lesion . Then fine needle aspiration cytology results were correlated with those of histopathology to give an assessment of diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology . Results : A total of 73 female patients with palpable breast mass were included in this study . In 41 patients ,the breast lumps were malignant while in 32 patients the breast lumps were diagnosed as benign . No patient had false positive results but,4 patients had false negative results . Thi-Qar Medical Journal (TQMJ): Vol.(13), No.(1), 2017 136 The sensitivity and specificity of fine needle aspiration cytology for detecting malignancy were 90.24 % and 100 % respectively. The positive predictive value (PPV ) and negative predictive value (NPV) of fine needle aspiration cytology for malignancy were 100 % and 88.88 % respectively . The accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology was 94.52 % . Conclusion : FNAC has high accuracy for the diagnosis of the pathologic nature of breast lump . Thus , we conclude that FNAC is an ideal method of investigation of palpable breast lump if being performed by expert hands and the results show high degree of correlation with the histopathologic results.
Hepatic COMMD1 deficiency is associated with liver microvesicular steatosis and decreased inflammation upon long-term high-fat, high-cholesterol feeding

Hepatic steatosis is considered a benign stage of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a more advanced form of NAFLD. NAFLD is a multifactorial disease, and because of its complexity the underlying mechanism of the development and progression of NASH is still not well understood. Our recent data suggest a protective role for Commd1 in the progression of diet-induced NAFLD, however its true contribution to NAFLD is not well defined yet. To further assess its role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, wild type (WT) and hepatocyte Commd1-deficient knockout mice were fed a high fat high cholesterol (0,2%) diet for 20 weeks. Both groups developed steatosis, however hepatic Commd1-deficient mice accumulated lipids predominantly in the form of microvesicles, whereas WT mice displayed mainly macrovesicular steatosis. Microvesicular steatosis in hepatocyte Commd1 deficient mice was associated with decreased gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as Tnf-α, Il-1α and Il-1β. In addition, transcriptional induction of various genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis, e.g. Srebp-1c and Abc transporters, was diminished by Commd1 deficiency. Most of these genes are regulated by Lxrα, a nuclear receptor that protects cells from cholesterol overload. Although mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with microvesicular steatosis, no evidence was found that loss of Commd1 results in mitochondrial impairment. Altogether, this study substantiates the role of Commd1 in pathogenesis of NAFLD, but further studies are needed to fully understand its mechanistic action in NAFLD.
Building and Exploring Web Corpora. Proceedings of the 3rd web as corpus workshop, incorporating cleaneval

WAC More and more people are using Web data for linguistic and NLP research. The Web as Corpusworkshop (WAC) provides a venue for exploring how we can use it effectively and the advancementsto which this could lead.This book is a collection of the talks presented at the 3 rd WAC in Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium). The focus is on the description of Web corpus collection projects, the exploration of Web datacharacteristics from a linguistics/NLP perspective, and on the use of crawled Web data for NLPpurposes. CLEANEVAL Any use of Web data requires that it be cleaned in order to get rid of unwanted material including,for example, HTML markup, navigation bars, advertisements. To date there has been no sharingof resources or expertise in this particular domain and the cleaning has often been done minimally.Cleaneval was an exercise aimed at promoting collaboration and improving our understandingof the issues. Results and perspectives are presented in this book.