Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Symmetric quantiles and their applications

Abstract To develop estimators with stronger efficiencies than the trimmed means which use the empirical quantile, Kim (1992) and Chen & Chiang (1996), implicitly or explicitly used the symmetric quantile, and thus introduced new trimmed means for location and linear regression models, respectively. This study further investigates the properties of the symmetric quantile and extends its application in several aspects. (a) The symmetric quantile is more efficient than the empirical quantiles in asymptotic variances when quantile percentage α is either small or large. This reveals that for any proposal involving the α th quantile of small or large α s, the symmetric quantile is the right choice; (b) a trimmed mean based on it has asymptotic variance achieving a Cramer-Rao lower bound in one heavy tail distribution; (c) an improvement of the quantiles-based control chart by Grimshaw & Alt (1997) is discussed; (d) Monte Carlo simulations of two new scale estimators based on symmetric quantiles also support this new quantile.
[ 11 C ] PK 11195 binding in Alzheimer disease and progressive supranuclear palsy

Objective We tested whether in vivo neuroinflammation relates to the distinctive distributions of pathology in Alzheimer disease (AD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Methods Sixteen patients with symptomatic AD (including amnestic mild cognitive impairment with amyloid-positive PET scan), 16 patients with PSP–Richardson syndrome, and 13 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls were included in this case-control study. Participants underwent [C]PK11195 PET scanning, which was used as an in vivo index of neuroinflammation. Results [C]PK11195 binding in the medial temporal lobe and occipital, temporal, and parietal cortices was increased in patients with AD, relative both to patients with PSP and to controls. Compared to controls, patients with PSP showed elevated [C]PK11195 binding in the thalamus, putamen, and pallidum. [C]PK11195 binding in the cuneus/precuneus correlated with episodic memory impairment in AD, while [C]PK11195 binding in the pallidum, midbrain, and pons correlated with disease severity in PSP. Conclusions Together, our results suggest that neuroinflammation has an important pathogenic role in the 2 very different human neurodegenerative disorders of AD and PSP. The increase and distribution of microglial activation suggest that immunotherapeutic strategies may be useful in slowing the progression of both diseases. *These authors contributed equally to this work as first authors. †These authors contributed equally to this work as last authors. From the Departments of Clinical Neurosciences (L.P., P.V.R., Y.T.H., P.S.J., R.J.B., T.D.F., F.I.A., J.B.R.) and Psychiatry (W.R.B.-J., R.A., A.S., E.M., L.S., J.T.O.), University of Cambridge, UK; Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare (L.P.), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy; Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre (Y.T.H., D.W., T.D.F., F.I.A.), University of Cambridge; Department of Histopathology (K.S.J.A.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK; China–UK Centre for Cognition and Ageing Research (L.S.), Southwest University, Chongqing, China; and Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (J.B.R.), UK. Go to Neurology.org/N for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article. The Article Processing Charge was funded by an RCUK grant for Open Access. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology. 1 Published Ahead of Print on April 27, 2018 as 10.1212/WNL.0000000000005610
How Stemming Help to Track Bugs in Bug Tracking System

In this paper we analyze theoretically how steaming help to track bugs in bug tracking system (BTS). Stemming is very important part of natural language processing (NLP). NLP is used to find bug related terms by reading line by line text summary that is given by Users, developer, and testers. The Bug Tracking System (BTS) is use to maintain bug related database with important attributes i.e. ID, Product, Component, Assignee, Status, Resolution, Summary, Changed Time and Category. The data is collected from various sources such as end users, testers and development teams. When bug is reported by bug reporters to a Bug Tracking System, the reporters required to label the bug reports as Security Bug Reports (SBR) or not i.e. Not Security Bug Reports (NSBR). It is necessary to prioritize the SBRs, to fix first then NSBRs. But, what happen when reporters misclassify the SBR as NSBR? It’s may cause serious problems to our system if we not fix SBR in specific time. So, to identifying NSBR is SBR we use text-mining of summary reports given in summary attribute with respect to considered attributes of product, component, resolution and state. So, with the help stemming we compact the terms by removing the grammatical form of the words. These compressed data term more understandable form. By this way we get best security related words. That help to find what actually our report is SBR or NSBR.
Cadmium tolerance fungi isolated from polluted sites in the Mae Tao creek, Thailand

This research were aimed at determining water and sediment quality and screening for high Cd tolerance fungi from the Mae Tao creek in Mae Sot District, Tak Province, Thailand. The study results revealed that mostly the surface water quality of the Mae Tao creek was suitable for people to consume and industrial purposes under sanitary controlled process and agriculture. The concentrations of Cd in water were low compared to the surface water quality standards of Thailand, but Cd levels in the sediment were found to exceed the UK Health Protection Agency standard of soil and sediment. Totally five isolates (Humicola sp., Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp. 1, Aspergillus sp. 2 and Alternaria sp.) could grow on potato dextrose agar containing 1 mg l Cd. Altogether, Humicola sp. could grow in the presence of high concentration Cd and was considered as high Cd resistance fungi, which makes it an attractive potential candidate for further investigation regarding its ability to remove Cd from polluted water. 30 Tinnapan Netpae, Sawitree Suckley and Chitchol Phalaraksh
International Financial Flows, Real Exchange Rates and Cross-Border Insurance

Whether cross-border financial market integration has raised global insurance, is still a controversial issue in the literature. If this is so, what should we observe in the data? The insurance literature emphasizes that efficient risk-sharing requires financial markets to channel resources to countries that have been made temporarily poorer by some negative conjuncture, net of physical capital accumulation. This standard condition, which provides the basis for virtually every test of international insurance, is however derived focusing on only one of the two channels of cross-border insurance, the financial flows channel, implicitly assuming no interaction between this and the other channel, international relative price fluctuations. This paper shows that testable conditions can only be derived theoretically placing the interaction between prices and financial flows centerstage in the analysis. Using a two-country general equilibrium model with endogenous portfolio diversification, I show that financial flows and relative prices can be either complements or substitutes in providing insurance. In the case of complementarity, financial inflows raise the international price of a country's output. This implies the standard condition. In the case of substitutability prices and flows transfer purchasing power in opposite directions. This implies a different condition: efficient financial markets are required to channel resources "upstream", from relatively poorer to relatively richer countries. The conditions for substitutability appear to be quantitatively and empirically plausible.
Dispersive magnetometry with a quantum limited SQUID parametric amplifier

Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720There is currently fundamental and technological interest in measuring and manipulatingnanoscale magnets, particularly in the quantum coherent regime. To observe the dynamics ofsuch systems one requires a magnetometer with not only exceptional sensitivity but also high gain,wide bandwidth and low backaction. We demonstrate a dispersive magnetometer consisting of atwo-junction SQUID in parallel with an integrated, lumped-element capacitor. Input ux signals areencoded as a phase modulation of the microwave drive tone applied to the magnetometer, resultingin a single quadrature voltage signal. For strong drive power, the nonlinearity of the resonatorresults in quantum limited, phase sensitive parametric ampli cation of this signal, which improvesux sensitvity at the expense of bandwidth. Depending on the drive parameters, the device per-formance ranges from an e ective ux noise of 0.29
Financial Ratios and Stock Return Predictability (Evidence from Pakistan)

The purpose of this research article is to investigate the ability of earning yield (EY), dividend yield (DY) and book-to-market ratio (B/M), to predict stock returns. The sample of the study consists of 100 non-financial companies listed in the “Karachi Stock Exchange”. The duration of the study is 7 years from 2005 to 2011. To find whether EY, DY and B/M ratios can predict stock returns we have used generalized least square and panal data models. The results indicate that DY and EY ratios has direct positive association with stock return where as B/M ratio has significant negative relationship with stock return. Therefore we can say that the above mentioned ratios are able to predict stock returns, furthermore it can be seen that as compare to dividend yield and earning yield the ratio of book to market has the highest predictive power. Moreover when we combine these financial ratios the predictability of stock returns will enhance. Keywords: Financial ratios, Stock return, Karachi Stock Exchange, Dividend Yield, Earning Yield.
Species richness and true diversity of cynipid galling-wasps community in oak forests of West-Azerbaijan Province (Iran)

In this survey, the oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) were collected from oak forests of West-Azerbaijan Province in six sites, from April to October. Species richness, heterogeneity, evenness and true diversity were measured. Based on the result of this study, 37 of oak gall wasps species on oak trees (Quercus infectoria Oliv. and Quercus brantii Lindl.) were identified in WestAzerbaijan Province in 2009 and 2010. Most galls occurred on Q. infectoria. All the collected oak gall wasps belonged to seven genera: Andricus, Cynips, Neuroterus, Chilaspis, Pseudoneuroterus, Biorhiza and Aphelonyx. The expected number of oak gall wasps species on Q. infectoria and Q. brantii was estimated to be 27 and 10, respectively. The highest amount of gal wasps’ species richness with rarefaction method was recorded in Pardanan, with 28 oak gall wasps species. Furthermore, the highest amount of Gini-Simpson and Shannon entropy index were recorded in Sardasht, while the highest evenness was recorded in Shalmash. Differences in the local distribution of oak species, especially their oak subspecies, and the climate of the locations should be considered as one main factor in species diversity and the distribution of oak gall wasps species in different locations.
The Impact on Housing Loans Caused by Stress on Family Budgets

This paper uses social surveys and statistical techniques to investigate methods for monitoring the risks on housing loans in Japan caused by family budgets. With the income of households burdened with a mortgage continuing to decrease, and savings also on the decline, the only thing not decreasing is the amount of mortgage repayments. If anything, it is on a slight upward trend. Consequently, the mortgage repayment ratio is also continuing to rise. One of the concerns in terms of risks on housing loans in Japan is that the decline in income levels will cause the middle class, which had previously maintained steady repayments, to become disjointed, and there will be an impact on repayments. Before we begin to investigate the effects that environmental changes, such as decreasing incomes and rising interest rates, have on housing loans, we must first gain an understanding of the circumstances of individual family budgets (income, spending, savings, etc.) and of the details of their housing loans (product attributes, amounts of repayment, etc.). In this study, with data obtained by utilizing the National Survey of Family Income and Expenditure to correct estimates from an Internet survey, which simultaneously asks about family budgets and the product attributes of housing loans, I prepared three determination processes: (1) Sustainability of repayment (check of the relationship between disposable income, consumption expenditure and the amount of monthly mortgage repayments); (2) Adjustment of family budgets (attachment of a maximum consumption expenditure, set according to the regional division and the number of household members); and (3) Dissaving (check of whether a repayment amount, which is still short even after adjusting the family budget, can partially be covered by dipping into savings), and I conducted an impact analysis by altering the environment, such as income or the amount of mortgage repayments.
Limited Predictability of a THC Shutdown: Implications for Economic Policy

We modify an existing model of climate and economy to address the effect of uncertain, threshold events on the choice of optimal emissions control policy. We augment an existing model to include a non-linear response to climate system perturbations modeled on the potential shutdown of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation (THC). Using a model which features decision making under uncertainty by a social planner, we are able to quantify the cost of parameter uncertainty and judge the value of perfect information. We find that uncertainty over climate sensitivity to carbon emissions and over the value of the threshold has minimal costs given standard economic growth model parameters, which is counterintuitive given assumptions and conclusions in previous papers. Additionally, we find that important changes occur as a result of removing the assumption that non-linearities in damages occur in tandem with non-linearities in the climate system.
Y-chromosome variation in Indian native cattle breeds and crossbred population

The paternally inherited Y chromosome markers have been used widely in population genetic studies to trace paternal lineages, to understand differences in migration pattern and populations admixture in animals. In the absence of crossing over, Y-chromosomal markers in the non-recombining male-specific region (MSY) are mostly transmitted as a haplotype. Recent studies of five polymorphic sites on DDX3Y, UTY and ZFY genes of bull MSY assisted in the identification of three haplotypes (Y1, Y2 and Y3) in contemporary cattle. Here we report the screening of five SNPs (ZFY9- 120> C/T; ZFY10- 655> C/T; DDX3Y1- 425>C/T; DDX3Y7 -123>C/T and UTY19-423>C/A) of bull MSY employing optimized and validated allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) protocols that are useful in effective differentiation of bull/semen samples of Bos indicus and Bos taurus origin. Three haplotypes (Y1, Y2 and Y3) were identified in the present study by the screening of 181 bulls from 10 native cattle breeds and 50 HF crossbred. Y1 and Y2 haplotypes were restricted to HF crossbred with a frequency of 0.98 and 0.02, respectively. The high frequency of Y1 haplotype is possibly due to the occurrence of Y1 lineage predominantly in HF bulls. All the native cattle breeds were observed to have pure indicine haplotype (Y3). These cost effective AS-PCR protocols may be useful for reliable and accurate genotyping of Y-SNPs in diverse native cattle breeds, exotic and crossbred cattle populations.
Consumer ' s Awareness Towards Emerging Integration Of Neuromarkeing In Marketing Research With Particular Reference To India

With the rising usage of neuroscience techniques in marketing research by the name of neuromarketing; which conducts customer brain research to identify preferences or constraints for fulfilling the needs of customers. Traditional market researches cannot make clear completely why consumers buy? What they buy? Or how they respond to specific marketing stimuli. While Neuromarketing research tools have capacity to study the brain of consumers and may provide answer of many unanswered questions related with consumers. The Purpose of this paper is to identify the Indian Consumer's awareness towards the concept of Neuromarketing as well as the applications of neuroscientific techniques in marketing research. Finally this paper analyses with the help EFA & CFA to conclude about the Indian Customers Awareness towards Neuromarkeing.
An integral equation for spacetime curvature in general relativity

A key step in the proof of global existence for Yang-Mills fields, propagating in curved, 4-dimensional, globally hyperbolic, background spacetimes, was the derivation and reduction of an integral equation satisfied by the curvature of an arbitrary solution to the Yang-Mills field equations. This article presents the corresponding derivation of an integral equation satisfied by the curvature of a vacuum solution to the Einstein field equations of general relativity. The resultant formula expresses the curvature at a point in terms of a ‘direct’ integral over the past light cone from that point, a so-called ‘tail’ integral over the interior of that cone and two additional integrals over a ball in the initial data hypersurface and over its boundary. The tail contribution and the integral over the ball in the initial data surface result from the breakdown of Huygens’ principle for waves propagating in a general curved, 4-dimensional spacetime. By an application of Stokes’ theorem and some integration by parts lemmas, however, one can re-express these ‘Huygens-violating’ contributions purely in terms of integrals over the cone itself and over the 2-dimensional intersection of that cone with the initial data surface. Furthermore, by exploiting a generalization of the parallel propagation, or Cronstrom, gauge condition used in the Yang-Mills arguments, one can explicitly express the frame fields and connection one-forms in terms of curvature. While global existence is certainly false for general relativity one anticipates that the resulting integral equation may prove useful in analyzing the propagation, focusing and (sometimes) blow up of curvature during the course of Einsteinian evolution and thereby shed light on the natural alternative conjecture to global existence, namely Penrose’s cosmic censorship conjecture.
IECA: Intelligent Effective Crawling Algorithm for Web Pages

Obtaining important pages rapidly can be very useful when a crawler cannot visit the entire Webin a reasonable amount of time.Several Crawling algorithms such as Partial PageRank,Batch PageRank, OPIC, and FICA have been proposed, but they have high time complexity or low throughput. To overcome these problems, we propose a new crawling algorithm called IECA which is easy to implement with low time O(E*logV)and memory complexity O(V) -Vand Eare the number of nodes and edges in the Web graph, respectively. Unlike the mentioned algorithms, IECA traverses the Web graph only once and the importance of the Web pages is determined based on the logarithmic distance and weight of the incoming links. To evaluate IECA, we use threedifferent Web graphs such as the UK-2005, Web graph of university of California, Berkeley-2008, and Iran-2010. Experimental results show that our algorithm outperforms other crawling algorithms in discovering highly important pages.
DETERMINATION OF ESTERASE TYPE OF POLY LACTIDE DEPOLYMERASE FROM A COMPOST THERMOPHILE

Compost samples were screened for isolation of PLA degrading thermophilic bacteria by the standard clear zone method at 50oC and the degradation was observed on 20 th day of incubation. The thermophilic isolate was identified as a Gram positive, rod shaped, non capsulated and spore forming bacterium. Based on biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis the isolate was identified as Bacillus licheniformis. The PLA depolymerase was extracted and characterized as an esterase. The present study among the inducers tributyrin and PLA showed remarkable induction in esterase type of PLA depolymerase in Bacillus licheniformis on comparison with casein and gelatin
Modelling Primary Health Care Use: A Panel Zero Inflated Interval Regression Approach

We introduce the (panel) zero-inflated interval regression (ZIIR) model, to investigate GP visits using individual-level data from the British Household Panel Survey. The ZIIR is particularly suitable for this application as it jointly estimates the probability of visiting the GP and then, conditional on visiting, the frequency of visits (defined by given numerical intervals in the data). The results show that different socio-economic factors influence the probability of visiting the GP and the frequency of visits.
A novel framework for the composition of schema matchers

The variety of enterprise schemas has entailed a reasonable interest in those methods, which should resolve this divergence of business entities in integration scenarios. In the case of schema matching, the goal is to find means to identify semantically related concepts. This procedure contributes to the success of the aforementioned task. Several solutions have been presented with reasonable performance qualities and genius behind lying concepts. Our investigations showed that the performance is strongly dependent on the idiosyncrasies of the actual test scenario. The not optimal parameter settings of the algorithm could result in a complete failure on the algorithm's part. On the other hand if the parameters are set correctly, the performance should significantly improve. Hence the key to success is the optimization of working parameters in the available algorithms. So far, we have introduced a new approach called calibration, which is a pre-run optimization technique providing an optimal parameter set to the process. In this paper we focus on the establishment of a new framework, which also facilitates the optimal composition of the input methods. Just like in the case of the calibration, we endeavor to provide optimization for given scenarios. Other prerequisites, such as the extensibility, scalability and maintainability were also considered.
The Taringatura Study: The Effects of Harvest Machine Traffic and Tillage on a Forest Soil in New Zealand

Abstract A selection of the results from a comprehensive field and laboratory study on the impact of mechanised harvesting operations on a forest soil in New Zealand are presented. The season during which machine trafficking took place (“dry” and “wet”), machine type, and number of passes (from 1 to 30) were the input variables. Soil response was measured with pedological and geotechnical field and laboratory testing procedures. It was determined that although the soil was in some treatments heavily disturbed, it was not compacted, given that the natural water content was well above the laboratory determined optimum water content for compaction. Practical implications are discussed.