Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobials in treatment of periodontal disease -A review

Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease that have been associated with multiple etiological factors. These disorders are as a result of accumulation of dental plaque & clinical signs are caused by resultant inflammatory response. However complete removal of biofilm is not always possible by scaling & root planing alone. Reinfection of periodontal pockets results from residual biofilm and penetration of bacteria in the connective tissue needs the combination of Scaling and root planing & antimicrobial therapy. The Knowledge about the biomechanism of advantage and disadvantage of antimicrobial agents is essential in successful management & prevention of periodontal disease.
Individual Learning and Population Based Learning – Combining Reinforcement Learning with a Genetic Algorithm

Individual Learning and Population Based Learning Combining Reinforcement Learning with a Genetic Algorithm This thesis presents a novel method to combining population based learning, using a genetic algorithm, with individual learning, using reinforcement learning. The method is based on the state-action function, which is biased by the genetic algorithm to guide the reinforcement learner. The novel method is based on the assumption that the problem, for which the reinforcement learner has to find the best policy, possesses both stable and unstable features. Hence, to test the method, a test problem is created with the requirements stated above and with no known optimum solution. The test problem used in this thesis with those requirements is a randomly created track for which a vehicle has to find the optimum path. It is demonstrated that the novel method is superior to reinforcement learning alone, in terms of convergence speed and performance. However, the novel method is computinally intensive during the evolution of the genome. Thus, the method is only suitable for problems that offer non-time critical training data.
Identification of turkey astrovirus and turkey coronavirus in an outbreak of Poult Enteritis and Mortality Syndrome

This article reports a survey on turkey astrovirus (TAstV) and turkey coronavirus (TCoV) infections with RT-PCR in 17 turkey flocks affected by acute enteritis and two apparently normal turkey flocks located in the Southeastern region of Brazil by PCR (TAstV and TCoV). Seven out of the 17 affected flocks were positive for TAstV and 14 for TCoV, with seven co-infections. In one of the two apparently normal flocks, a TAstV-TCoV co-infection was found. Although a definitive association of these agents and the signs can not be made, the implications of these findings are discussed.
Emotion Modelling for Social Robots

This chapter describes current advances in emotion modelling for social robots. It begins by contextualising the role of emotions in social robots, considering the concept of the Affective Loop. It describes a number of elements for the synthesis and expression of emotions through robotic embodiments and provides an overview of the area of emotional adaptation and empathy in social robots.
Application of transtracheal pressure oscillations as a modification of "diffusing respiration".

Sir,—A disadvantage of diffusion respiration is the slow elimination of carbon dioxide. A method of oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination without ventilation is needed for the clinical application of bronchoscopy, endothoracic surgical intervention, experimental research, and especially in neurophysiology, where a pulsation-free preparation of the brain is often sought. Over the past few years we have developed a means of measuring cardiac performance by the myocardial reaction to pericardial pressure oscillations. The application of endothoracic pressure oscillations by transtracheal vibrations to measure transmyocardial pressure transmission was accompanied by cessation of ventilation, because the experiments required complete muscle relaxation. Thus the problem of gas exchange arose.
Variability of Capillary Plasma Glucose in Healthy Individuals in Repeated 75 g Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests

A series of ten 75g oral glucose tolerance tests was carried out on each of 14 apparently healthy subjects. The analytical, intra-individual and inter-individual components of variation were calculated by nested ANOVA following duplicate analyses of capillary plasma glucose under optimal conditions. The analyses met the objectively set analytical goal of CV ≤2·2%. There was considerable intra-individual variation, but no subject was ever classified as diabetic or having impaired glucose tolerance. Recent criteria for interpretation of results must be used since conventional population-based reference values are not adequate. Serial results from an individual must differ by more than 0·7 mmol/L for fasting specimens and at least 1·6 mmol/L for other specimens for a statistically significant (P ≤ 0·05) change to have occurred.
High Repetition Rate Gigawatt Peak Power Fiber Laser Systems: Challenges, Design, and Experiment

We review the main challenges and give design guidelines for high-peak-power high-average-power fiber-based chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) systems. It is clearly pointed out that the lowest order fiber nonlinearity (NL), namely the self-phase modulation, limits the scalability of high-energy ultrashort pulse fiber amplifiers. Therefore, a distinguished difference arises between the consequences of accumulated nonlinear phase originating from the pulse envelope and initial weak modulations, resulting in a strong recommendation to operate an amplification system as linearly as possible in order to generate high-contrast pulses. Low-NL rare-earth-doped fibers, such as the recently available designs of photonic crystal fibers, are the key element for successful peak power scaling in fiber laser systems. In this paper, we present a detailed analysis and optimization of the extraction characteristics in connection with the accumulated nonlinear phase in such extreme fiber dimensions. Consequently, millijoule pulse energy femtosecond pulses at repetition rates in the 100 kHz range have already been demonstrated experimentally in a Yb-fiber-based CPA system that has even further scaling potential.
Performance comparison of two truth telling incentive mechanisms: An experimental method

An experiment of predicting the result of the National Basketball Association (NBA) is designed to compare the performance of Bayesian truth serum (BTS) and robust Bayesian truth serum (RBTS) in expert truth telling incentive. It shows that 1) the fundamental hypothesis of BTS, i.e. individuals treating personal opinions as an “impersonally informative” signal about the population distribution, is valid; 2) the relative position of the individual in a group significantly affects the individual's score of RBTS due to RBTS algorithm, which leads to a poor incentive to tell truth, while BTS does not have this problem; 3) BTS does not encourage extreme opinions, while RBTS cannot effectively reward the extreme opinions due to significant deviation of their RBTS scores. The analytic results prefer to BTS, but when the number of individuals is small, RBTS should be employed.
The Omnipotence of Voices II: the Beliefs About Voices Questionnaire (BAVQ)

Background We describe the development and psychometric investigation of the Beliefs About Voices Questionnaire (BAVQ), a self-report measure of how people understand and respond to their voices. The measure is unique in being driven by and gathering data essential to a cognitive formulation of voices. Method Sixty subjects with chronic hallucinatory voices took part. Results Psychometric properties of the scales were established, including test-retest reliability (mean = 0.89), internal reliability (mean Cronbach's α = 0.85), and construct validity using factor analysis and the criterion group method. Conclusions The BAVQ was found to be easy to complete and the scale may aid clinical assessment of voices, not least because of the possible value of cognitive therapy as a treatment approach.
DO INVESTORS LEAVE MONEY ON THE TABLE? IPO SECONDARY MARKET RETURNS AND VOLATILITY

IPO stock prices increased approximately four percent on the first day of secondary market trading over the period 1997 to mid-2004. While these aftermarket returns are accentuated during 1999 and 2000, they persist after the bubble burst. We find this opento-close return is strongly related to adjustments in the offer price relative to the original file range, and we also find venture capital backing is related to this intraday return, but not the offer-to-open return. Finally, a regulatory change designed to reduce Nasdaq IPO volatility on the first day of trading possibly had the undesired effect of increasing it. JEL Classification: G12; G14; G24
Trends in non‐hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and HIV‐associated NHL deaths in the United States

Since a significant number of lymphomas have been associated with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the purpose of this study was to describe the impact of HIV infection on non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) mortality trends and demographics. Multiple‐cause‐of‐death data for the United States from 1979 through 1996 were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Annual NHL deaths rates for the United States were calculated as the number of NHL deaths per 100,000 persons, based on estimates of the U.S. resident population. The time periods 1979–1982, 1986–1989, and 1993–1996 were examined for changes over time. To describe NHL and HIV infection mortality, the characteristics of NHL deaths with HIV infection listed anywhere on the death records were examined beginning in 1987. This study found that despite reports of a lower incidence rate of NHL among blacks with HIV/AIDS, death rates from lymphomas associated with HIV/AIDS have markedly increased in black males and females over time. It was also noted that in agreement with other studies, this study documented a decrease in NHL/HIV mortality in 1996. Am. J. Hematol. 66:159–166, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Depth image enhancement using perceptual texture priors

A depth camera is widely used in various applications because it provides a depth image of the scene in real time. However, due to the limited power consumption, the depth camera presents severe noises, incapable of providing the high quality 3D data. Although the smoothness prior is often employed to subside the depth noise, it discards the geometric details so to degrade the distance resolution and hinder achieving the realism in 3D contents. In this paper, we propose a perceptual-based depth image enhancement technique that automatically recovers the depth details of various textures, using a statistical framework inspired by human mechanism of perceiving surface details by texture priors. We construct the database composed of the high quality normals. Based on the recent studies in human visual perception (HVP), we select the pattern density as a primary feature to classify textures. Upon the classification results, we match and substitute the noisy input normals with high quality normals in the database. As a result, our method provides the high quality depth image preserving the surface details. We expect that our work is effective to enhance the details of depth image from 3D sensors and to provide a high-fidelity virtual reality experience.
An acceptable workload for Indian workers.

Five physically active young healthy workers, aged 20-24 yrs, were subjected to runs on a treadmili for 8 h at different relative loads (RLs) i.e. the percentage of maximum aerobic power ([Vdot]o2max)viz. 20,30,40,50, 60 and 70%, in comfortable laboratory conditions to determine the acceptable workload (AWL) for sustained physical activity. The findings have indicated that 35% RL could perhaps be reasonably considered as the AWL. The energy expenditure and the corresponding heart rate at this level of work would be around 18 kJ min−1 (gross) and 110 beats min−1 respectively.
Rhinoplasty for Saddle Nose with Sarcoidosis

Background: Cases of acquired saddle nose have been reported; however, reports of sarcoidosis with acquired saddle nose are very rare. The main cause of sarcoidosis is estimated to be an abnormal immune reaction rather than infection. Aim: Rhinoplasty using an autologous rib was planned and performed without plate fixation. Case Presentation: Our patient was diagnosed with sarcoidosis at the age of 25 years. She developed nasal congestion and rhinitis at the age of 42 years. Her nose began to show the saddle nose deformity at the age of 43 years. A rhinoplasty using an autologous rib was performed without plate fixation. Conclusion: After the operation, her nose maintained a favorable shape without sarcoidosis worsening. This use of rhinoplasty for treating saddle nose possibly prevents the worsening of sarcoidosis.
The SRA gene: the key to understanding the nature of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

The discovery of the gene for human infectivity in Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (De Greef et al. 1989; Xong et al. 1998) ranks as one of the most significant landmarks in almost 100 years of research on this deadly parasite. The story of the discovery of that gene is as remarkable and as full of twists and turns, including the accidental infection of one of the investigators, as any at the dawn of tropical medicine, but here I want to focus on the impact of this important discovery on our understanding of the epidemiology of human trypanososomiasis.
Modeling of NMOS performance gains from edge dislocation stress

Stress from edge dislocations introduced by solid phase epitaxial regrowth increases as gate pitch is scaled, reaching 1GPa at 100nm gate pitch. This scaling trend makes edge dislocations attractive for future technology nodes, as stress from epitaxial and deposited film stressors reduces as pitch is scaled (1,2). We show a gate last flow is best for maximizing the dislocation stress, and the stress varies with layout and topography. We arrive at these results by the application of the finite element method to model the dislocation stress.
Environment model-based system testing of real-time embedded systems

The behavior of real-time embedded systems (RTES) is driven by their environment. Independent system test teams normally focus on black-box testing as they have typically no easy access to precise design information. Black-box testing in this context is mostly about selecting test scenarios that are more likely to lead to unsafe situations in the environment. Our Model-Based Testing (MBT) methodology explicitly models key properties of the environment, its interactions with the RTES, and potentially unsafe situations triggered by failures of the RTES under test. Though environment modeling is not new, we propose a precise methodology fitting our specific purpose, based on a language that is familiar to software testers, that is the UML and its extensions, as opposed to technologies geared towards simulating natural phenomena. Furthermore, in our context, simulation should only be concerned with what is visible to the RTES under test. Our methodology, focused on black-box MBT, was assessed on two industrial case studies. We show how the models are used to fully automate black-box testing using search-based test case generation techniques and the generation of code simulating the environment.
Metabolism of perfused pig intercostal muscles evaluated by 31P‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy

This study presents a perfused preparation for evaluation of metabolism in pig intercostal muscle in vitro. Preserved vessels and nerves to an intercostal segment including two adjacent ribs allowed for tissue perfusion and electrical stimulation with measurement of contraction force, oxygen consumption and 31P‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P‐MRS). When perfused at rest with Krebs–Ringer buffer, the preparation maintained physiological levels of phosphocreatine (PCr), inorganic phosphate (Pi), ATP and pH at a stable oxygen consumption of 0.51 ± 0.01 μmol min−1 g−1 for more than 2 h. Tonic stimulation of the nerve caused anaerobic energy consumption as PCr and pH decreased, and both variables recovered after the contraction with half‐time values of ∼7 min. Force increased to 0.040 N g−1 (range, 0.031–0.103 N g−1) and it gradually decreased by about 70% during the subsequent 5 min of stimulation. The calculated free ADP concentration increased from 7.4 ± 2.1 nmol g−1 at rest to 28 ± 12 nmol g−1 (mean ±s.d.) by the end of the stimulation. Thus anaerobic ATP turnover was zero at rest, 6.1 ± 2 μmol min−1 g−1 during the first minute of stimulation and 3.5 ± 0.5 μmol min−1 g−1 during the two last minutes, corresponding to the drop in force. When the preparation was left unperfused, anaerobic ATP turnover averaged 0.40 ± 0.15 μmol min−1 g−1 for the first 10 min. The preparation can also be applied to human intercostal muscles, as demonstrated in one preliminary experiment. The results demonstrate a stable and functional in vitro preparation of intact perfused intercostal muscles in the pig.
Cortisone-sensitive, innate resistance to Hymenolepis nana infection in congenitally athymic nude rats

ABSTRACT The innate resistance of the unnatural rat host to the mouse tapeworm Hymenolepis nana is cortisone sensitive but thymus independent. When congenitally athymic nude rats were orally given eggs, cysticercoids, or adult worms of H. nana, no lumenal adults were established except when they were treated with cortisone acetate during the expected lumenal development. The effect of cortisone to promote adult maturation in the rats was compared in nude and normal rats given eggs of H. nana. The fecundity of the worm (assessed by the fresh worm biomass and the number of infective eggs produced) was much higher in cortisone-treated nude rats than in cotrisone-trated norml rats. When the nude rats recostituted with thymocytes were given eggs and treated with cortisone, the fecundity of H. nana dropped to the same level as in cortisone-treated normal rats. It is strongly suggested that the unnatural rat host has thymus-independent cortisone sensitive resistance to an intial infection (which is the main component of the innate resistance and blocks the lumenal establishment of this parasite) and thymus-dependent resistance (which suppresses the established worm' fecudity and may be ascribed to acquired resistance to the ongoing infection).
Target imaging under robust sparsity recovery

Creating a dictionary is essential in utilizing compressed sensing concept to explore sparsity for many applications. On one hand, a large and fine dictionary is needed to achieve high estimation accuracy. On the other hand, big dictionary also introduce heavy computations. Furthermore, one can imagine that no matter how fine we grid the domain to create the dictionary, there always will be off-grid problem, namely, the parameters we try to estimate do not lie on the grids. In this work, we model this off-grid problem as a basis mismatch. To tackle this issue, we propose to utilize the robust optimization techniques such as stochastic robust and worst case optimization. Simulations in imaging applications confirm that proposed robust compressed sensing approaches indeed outperform the traditional one.
Comparison of ARIMA and Artificial Neural Networks Models for Stock Price Prediction

This paper examines the forecasting performance of ARIMA and artificial neural networks model with published stock data obtained from New York Stock Exchange. The empirical results obtained reveal the superiority of neural networks model over ARIMA model. The findings further resolve and clarify contradictory opinions reported in literature over the superiority of neural networks and ARIMA model and vice versa.
Characterising the Quality of Online Task-Based Application Tutorials

End-user authored tutorials are increasingly becoming the norm for assisting users with learning software applications, but little is known about the quality of these tutorials. Using metrics derived from previous work, I characterize the quality of textand image-based Photoshop tutorials available to users online. I compare these tutorials across four sources representing tutorials that are, i) written by a close-knit online community, ii) written by expert users, iii) most likely to be found, and iv) representative of the general population of tutorials. I found that not only are expert users generally writing higher quality tutorials than the other authors, but also, many of the typical tutorials are suffering from some important limitations. Most notably, they often lack attempts to help users avoid common errors, and seldom provide users with appropriate amounts of reasoning for undertaking steps. I also examine a typical tutorial rating system and find that it does not sufficiently distinguish quality between tutorials. I demonstrate the use of my findings by presenting two applications that I designed: a tutorial authoring tool, and a tutorial presentation site.
A user-assisted approach to component clustering

In this paper, we present a user-assisted clustering technique for software architecture recovery based on a proximity measure that we call component association. The component association measure is computed on the shared properties among groups of highly related system entities. In this approach, the software system is modeled as an attributed relational graph with the software constructs (entities) represented as nodes and data/control dependencies represented as edges. The application of data mining techniques on the system graph allows us to generate a component graph where the edges are labeled by the association strength values among the components. An interactive partitioning technique is used to partition a system into cohesive components. Graph visualization tools and cluster quality evaluation metrics are applied by the user to assess and fine tune the partition result.
A new naphthol from the twigs and leaves of Pterospermum yunnanense

A new naphthol, 7-hydroxy-6-methyl-1-naphthoic acid methyl ester (1), together with eight known compounds, 6-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1-isopropyl-4-methyl-naphthalene (2), α-hydroxyacetosyringone (3), hexadecyl ferulate (4), scoparone (5), (+)-syringaresinol (6), stigmast-1,5-dien-3β-ol (7), β-sitosterol (8) and daucosterol (9), were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Pterospermum yunnanense Hsue. Their structures were elucidated by using spectroscopic analysis. All the compounds were isolated for the first time from P. yunnanense Hsue. Compound 1 was assessed for its cytotoxicity against five human tumour lines (HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7 and SW-480), and the result showed that it has no activity.
Transborder Data Flows and Law: Questions Not Answers

I am not going to begin by saying that data have always been transferred across frontiers. I am going to suggest that the situation which we have today is fundamentally different from anything which has gone before. As an undergraduate many years ago, I attended lectures by an eminent philospher and I still remember his reminding us that a difference of degree is a real difference. To compare the data transmission network of a modern transnational corporation with the courier service of a fourteenth-century Florentine merchant is totally unhelpful.
Impact of Light, Medium and Heavy Spenders on Casino Destinations: Segmenting Gaming Visitors Based on Amount of Non-gaming Expenditures

This article discusses the viability of targeting heavy spenders on non-gaming products and services in gaming travel marketing. A sample of visitors to two commercial casinos was divided into light, medium and heavy spenders based on spending per person per day, excluding gambling. Findings indicated that a large number of heavy-spending tourists were not interested in gaming, but in the destination's other tourism products. This suggests that the region's tourism assets play an important role in enhancing casino visitation. Promoting the casino as part of the overall tourism attractions may benefit both the casino and related businesses in the community.