Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High connectivity of salmon farms revealed by aggregation, residence and repeated movements of wild fish among farms

Marine fish farms are widespread in coastal waters throughout the world, yet how they modify the movement patterns of wild fish species is largely unknown. We determined the spatio- temporal distribution of saithe Pollachius virens in a fjord system with intensive salmon cage aqua- culture in Norway. Abundances of 8000 to 18 000 saithe were estimated around 2 salmon farms in the fjord using an underwater video system. Residence of saithe around fish farms and movements among farms and throughout the fjord were studied using implanted acoustic transmitters and an extensive array of automatic receivers. Of the saithe equipped with acoustic tags, 63% were observed daily at one or more of the 3 farms in the fjord over a 3 mo period. When resident at a farm, saithe spent 8 to 10 h d -1 close to the sea-cages. Periods of residence at specific farms were inter- spersed with rapid and frequent movements to adjacent farms 1.6 to 4.7 km away. Of 24 tagged saithe, 15 moved among farms 2 to 21 times during the 3 mo period. If the movement patterns of the tagged fish are representative of the movements of untagged saithe, we estimate that fish from 2 dif- ferent farms resulted in a total (±SE) of 167 112 ± 41 764 and 7768 ± 1831 inter-farm movements during the 3 mo period. Thus, fish farms should be considered as connected, not only through ocean currents, but also through wild fish movements. If saithe share pathogens with farmed salmonids, their behaviours imply that they have the potential to act as vectors for diseases and parasites among salmon farms.
Adoption of Agricultural Innovations in Developing Countries: A Survey

This paper reviews various studies which have provided a description and possible explanation to patterns of innovation adoption in the agricultural sector. The survey points out that the tendency of many studies to consider innovation adoption in dichotomous terms (adoption/nonadoption) may not be appropriate in many cases where the actual decisions are defined over a more continuous range. More attention needs to be given to the socio-cultural and institutional environment in area studies so that their interrelation with economic factors affecting adoption can be inferred. The presence of several interrelated innovations is another aspect that needs to be considered more carefully in future research, since a number of simultaneous decisions may be involved. Furthermore, the possibility of regular sequential patterns in adopting components of a new technological package should be specifically addressed in future studies. Finally, the impact of differential adoption rates on land holding distribution merits attention in future research.
Results of five regional climate studies applying a weather pattern based downscaling method to ECHAM4 climate simulations

A weather pattern based weather generator is used to determine projections of future climate changes in Germany. A SRES B2 run of the coupled atmosphere and ocean model ECHAM4 - OPYC3 of the Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology (Hamburg, Germany) and observations from several hundred climate stations of the German Weather Service are used as input data for the presented statistical model. The method described in this paper utilizes an objective circulation pattern classification and a specific weather generator to indicate the mean regional changes between present day climate and the future projection. A circulation pattern dependent regression is used to model future climate extremes resulting from changed intensities of atmospherical processes within the individual circulation patterns. The presented results are a composite of five regional climate studies. Generally the following statements can be inferred from our results: The predicted climate change will not progress uniformly. Instead, periods characterized by rather slight changes will be followed by others exhibiting very distinct climatologic alterations. The strongest change is identified in winter. Until the decade 2041-50 an increase of approximately 3 K and a raise of the rainfall amounts are predicted compared to the present day climate (1981-2000). This is caused by an increase of zonal circulation patterns. In summer the change is weaker but still significant. The temperature will increase approx. 2 K while rainfall will decrease especially in the south and east of Germany. The changes within the transitional seasons will be moderate compared to those within summer and winter.
Collaborative Reverse Engineering Design Experiment Using PLM Solutions

The current climate of economic competition forces businesses to adapt to the expectations of their customers. To achieve this, in spite of the increasing complexity of mechanical systems, it becomes necessary, amongst other things, to reduce design time. Faced with new challenges, practices in design training must evolve to allow students to be mindful of these evolutions as well as to be able to manage projects in these new work environments. After presenting a state of the art of collaborative tools used in product design, our paper presents an experiment focusing on the reverse engineering of a
Stability-indicating HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Atenolol, Aspirin, Lisinopril and Simvastatin in Bulk and Tablets

A Simple, accurate, specific and rugged reverse phase liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of atenolol, lisinopril, aspirin and simvastatin in bulk and tablet dosage form. A reverse phase gradient program has been developed to separate all the four active ingredients. A gradient programming has been done using 0.05M Phosphate buffer pH 2.5 adjusted with dilute phosphoric acid, acetonitrile in the ratio 70:30 from 0 min to 10 min, further increase the acetonitrile ratio from 30 to 70 from 10 min to 20 min, on a reverse phase C8 column (250×4.6 mm, 5 µ) with a flow rate 1 ml/min, monitored at 232 nm. The mean retention times of atenolol, lisinopril, aspirin and simvastatin were found to be 3.9, 5.8, 9.5 and 18.3min, respectively. The linearity was established for atenolol 12.5 to 75 µg/ml, lisinopril 2.5 to 15 µg/ml, aspirin 18.75 to 112.5 µg/ml, simvastatin 5 to 30 µg/ml. The proposed method was validated in terms of linearity, range, accuracy, precision, specificity, robustness and ruggedness and the method was successfully applied to the estimation of atenolol, lisinopril, aspirin and simvastatin in combined tablet dosage form.
Comparison of empirical models to estimate soil erosion and sediment yield in micro catchments

Assessment of sediment yield in soil conservation and watershed Project and implementation plan for water and soil resources management is so important. Regarding to somewhere that doesn’t have enough information and statistical data such as upper river branches, Empirical models should be used to estimate erosion and sediment yield. However the efficiency and usage of these models before calibration isn’t clear. In this research, the measurement of erosion and sediment yield of 10 basins upstream of reservoirshas been estimated by RUSLE and MPSIAC empirical models.In order to compare means between measured and estimated datat-test method was applied.Theresults indicated no significant differences between means of measured and estimated sediment yield in MPSAIC model in 5% level. In contrast, T-test showed contrary results in RUSLE model. Then the applicability and priority of two models were examined by statistical methodssuch as MAE and MBE methods. By regarding to accuracy and precision, MPSIAC model placed in first priorityto estimate soil erosion and sediment yield and has minimum value of MAE=0.79 and MBE = -0.59.
A Study on Flapping Motion for MAV Design Using Design Exploration

Aerodynamic knowledge for practical flapping-wing micro air vehicle (MAV) design is obtained by application of the design exploration framework coupled with CFD to a multiobjective aerodynamic design optimization problem of two-dimensional flapping motion of an airfoil. Lift and thrust are maximized while required power is minimized in the design problem. Pareto-optimal solutions are obtained by a multiobjective evolutionary optimization and analyzed with the self-organizing map. Aerodynamic performance of each flapping motion is evaluated by a two-dimensional Navier-Stokes solver. The result reveals tradeoff information between each objective and effect of each design parameters on them. Analysis of the time histories of lift, thrust, and required power coefficients and corresponding pressure coefficient distribution of the extreme Pareto-optimal solutions leads to useful guidelines for the lift maximization, thrust maximization, and required power minimization.
...«Laconice Scribunt» : Artes de Canto Llano en las Ordenes Religiosas españolas del siglo XVIII

In the varied panorama of the musical theory of 17th Century Spain, two types of treatise can be identified: the extensive, encyclopedic type which aspires to gather together all of the musical knowledge of the era, and the treatise of smaller dimensions, dedicated to concisely explaining a practical method of vocal and/or instrumental interpretation. This second type of treatise is generally called an handbook, or «artecilla», a diminuative not without a certain tone of disdain. Artecillas were used for specific themes, and were intended to resolve specific musical problems, such as rapidly teaching a chant to the chorus of a monastic community, as the use of these artecillas could quickly make teaching the unnecessary. Throughout the 17th Century, we find some twenty artes of plainsong, intended to train novices and members of diverse religious orders in a task as specific as it was indispensable. In addition, there are ceremonials and processionals which contain instructions for the chant or short treatises of the «canto llano» within the body of its pages. The handbooks fulfill an important mission for which their concise formula is highly valued: that of instructing a religious choir with the aim of training them, simply and quickly, in their task of divine worship. It is also important to consider the function of these treatises as propaganda. They were occasionally used to defend the excellence of a particular method of plainsong or to reaffirm the Catholic faith in light of the advances of Protestantism. As a literary style, didactic necessity, or ideological vehicle, the presence of these artes of «canto llano» in the 17th Century Spanish religious orders is by no means casual or accidental; they have an important place in the musical theory of the era, as concise manuals of particular usefulness in liturgical instruction.
Modification of cadmium toxicity in pea seedlings by kinetin

The effect of foliar application of kinetin on the growth and some physiological processes of pea plants growing in soil supplemented with 25 or 50μM Cd were studied. Cadmium treatment inhibited the growth rate, chlorophyll (Chl) content, net photosynthesis (PN), content of soluble sugars and free amino acids of either shoots or roots. The application of kinetin (kin) enhanced the growth rate, Chl content, PN, soluble sugars and free amino acids content of shoots and roots; dark respiration rate (RD), contents of soluble protein and proline were increased by cadmium treatment. The addition of kinetin to Cd-stressed plant reduced RD, soluble protein and proline content. Considerable variations in the content of Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were induced by Cd-treatments. Foliar application of kinetin exhibited a favorable effect on the accumulation of some ions and antagonized or ameliorated the inhibitory effect of Cd stress on some others.
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacterial diversity, abundance, and activity in marsh sediments of the Yangtze Estuary

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) as an important process of nitrogen cycle has been studied in estuarine environments. However, knowledge about the dynamics of anammox bacteria and their interactions with associated activity remains scarce in these environments. Here we report the anammox bacterial diversity, abundance, and activity in the Yangtze Estuary, using molecular and isotope‐tracing techniques. The phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA indicated that high anammox bacterial diversity occurred in this estuary, including Scalindua, Brocadia, Kuenenia, and two novel clusters. The patterns of community composition and diversity of anammox bacteria differed across the estuary. Salinity was a key environmental factor defining the geographical distribution and diversity of the anammox bacterial community at the estuarine ecosystem. Temperature and organic carbon also had significant influences on anammox bacterial biodiversity. The abundance of anammox bacteria ranged from 2.63 × 106 and 1.56 × 107 gene copies g−1, and its spatiotemporal variations were related significantly to salinity, temperature, and nitrite content. The anammox activity was related to temperature, nitrite, and anammox bacterial abundance, with values of 0.94–6.61 nmol N g−1 h−1. The tight link between the anammox and denitrification processes implied that denitrifying bacteria may be a primary source of nitrite for the anammox bacteria in the estuarine marshes. On the basis of the 15N tracing experiments, the anammox process was estimated to contribute 6.6%–12.9% to the total nitrogen loss whereas the remainder was attributed to denitrification.
Impacts of spatial resolution and representation of flow connectivity on large-scale simulation of floods

Abstract. Global-scale river models (GRMs) are core tools for providing consistent estimates of global flood hazard, especially in data-scarce regions. Due to former limitations in computational power and input datasets, most GRMs have been developed to use simplified representations of flow physics and run at coarse spatial resolutions. With increasing computational power and improved datasets, the application of GRMs to finer resolutions is becoming a reality. To support development in this direction, the suitability of GRMs for application to finer resolutions needs to be assessed. This study investigates the impacts of spatial resolution and flow connectivity representation on the predictive capability of a GRM, CaMa-Flood, in simulating the 2011 extreme flood in Thailand. Analyses show that when single downstream connectivity (SDC) is assumed, simulation results deteriorate with finer spatial resolution; Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients decreased by more than 50 % between simulation results at 10 km resolution and 1 km resolution. When multiple downstream connectivity (MDC) is represented, simulation results slightly improve with finer spatial resolution. The SDC simulations result in excessive backflows on very flat floodplains due to the restrictive flow directions at finer resolutions. MDC channels attenuated these effects by maintaining flow connectivity and flow capacity between floodplains in varying spatial resolutions. While a regional-scale flood was chosen as a test case, these findings should be universal and may have significant impacts on large- to global-scale simulations, especially in regions where mega deltas exist.These results demonstrate that a GRM can be used for higher resolution simulations of large-scale floods, provided that MDC in rivers and floodplains is adequately represented in the model structure.
Diversity and genetic structure of mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes), a fruit species from Cerrado

Hancornia speciosa Gomes, popularly known as mangabeira, is a fruit tree belonging to the Apocynaceae family, native to the Brazilian Cerrado. The fruit is widely used by the local population as an alternative source of income. Limited information is available about this species, which increases the difficulty of conserving its genetic resources and exploiting mangabeira as an economic resource. The objective of this research was to evaluate the genetic diversity and genetic structure of H. speciosa from Chapada dos Guimaraes. Twenty-four trees and ten inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) primers were evaluated. Of the 57 bands obtained, 33 (57.89%) presented polymorphism. The analysis using Structure defined two different clusters (K = 2), which were consistent with the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering analysis. The number of observed alleles (Na = 1.58), number of effective alleles (Ne = 1.29), Nei’s genetic distance (He = 0.18) and Shannon index (I = 0.27) were considered low among the population. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that the variability within the cluster (83.39%) was higher than among clusters (16.61%). ISSR primers proved effective for detection of genetic polymorphism in H. speciosa, and could be utilized for strategies that aim at conservation, plant breeding programs, and commercial use.
Phytochemical, antimicrobial and cytotoxic evaluation of Indigofera serpentinicola

Methanol and aqueous root extracts of Indigofera serpentinicola were investigated for their phytochemical, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tanins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, phenols, reducing sugars oils and fats in both extracts. Flavanoids were only detected in the methanolic extract. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The extracts showed low activity against Staphylococus aureus, Cornybacterium diptheriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica and no activity against Escherichia coli. The diameters zones of inhibition ranged between 3-10 mm. The aqueous extract had higher activity showing zones of inhibition of 10 mm against S. enterica . Brine shrimp lethality test showed LC 50 values which ranged from 0.079-0.158 mg/mL, showing that the extracts were highly toxic.
Analysis of Relationships between Organizational Learning Capacity and Organizational Performance : A Case Study of Banking Sector in Nigeria

This study aims to analyze the relationships between organizational learning and organizational performance in Nigeria banking sector. A survey research method with statistical treatment was conducted in this study. To test the model, except demographic variables, a 21-items questionnaire was conducted using random sampling method to the employees of various banks in Nigeria. A total of 203 completed questionnaires were evaluated for analysis. The data analysis revealed that there is a positive relationship between organizational learning and organizational performance. The findings of the study indicated that, there is a relationship between organizational learning and organizational performance. According to demographic variables, bank managers have higher learning perception than other employees. The paper offers practical suggestions of how management can improve organizational performance by improving the organizational learning of the organization. Survey was not all-inclusive to contain all potential bank employees in Nigeria. For that reason, this research is limited to the banks and the results can take a wide-ranging outlook to banking sector.
Harnessing Social Networks Resources to Bring Social Interactions into Web-based IDEs

In modern Web, where users log to social networks has become a daily activity, the success of these applications to attract more users is often justified by offering social presence to the user on these virtual spaces. Developing applications in software engineering domain is a collaborative task that requires implementing more sophisticated tools to support all suitable collaboration aspects. Web-based IDEs have experienced a series of changes compared to their desktop versions, tending therefore to become more able to implement new collaboration approaches and mechanisms. Within the lack of social aspect in web-based IDEs, collaboration between developers does not seem to be optimal. This article presents a study of social networks resources that can be operated through the use of Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) thus providing a social aspect to web-based IDEs. It points how we can use these resources to create new collaborative experience in software engineering field.
Characterization and function of a gene Pc 14-3-3 isoform from red crayfish, Procambarus clarkii.

proteins are a family of conserved regulatory molecules participating in the coordination and regulation of many cellular processes. In this study, we first report the 14-3-3 gene, named as Pc-14-3-3, in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii. The Pc-14-3-3 gene encodes a polypeptide of 247 amino acids and the deduced 14-3-3 protein sequence reveals the higher percent identity with its homologues from crustaceans. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis shows that Pc-14-3-3 expression is higher in hepatopancreas than that in other examined tissues. In addition, prokaryotic expression and purification of the Pc-14-3-3 protein were performed. SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis demonstrated that a 30 KD recombinant protein was successfully expressed in E. coli cells. The titer of the antibody against recombinant Pc-14-3-3 protein was about 1: 3100 which was determined by ELISA. The expression of Pc-14-3-3 was significantly up-regulated in hepatopancreas after eyestalk ablation or ecdysone induction, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. These results suggest that Pc-14-3-3 plays a role in the development process of P. clarkii.
Knowledge and Attitude toward Breastfeeding among Nursing Students

Objectives: To evaluate breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes of nursing students while they were enrolled in the nursing college. Methods: A cross sectional design was used to collect data from a convenience sample of 113 nursing students. Data were collected using a pre-tested self administered questionnaire. Results: The majority of students were female (81.4%) and between the ages of 18-25 years (85%). Overall, 88.5% of the nursing students had adequate knowledge and positive attitude toward breastfeeding. Only 18.6% and 81.4% of male and female students respectively had a correct response to questions related to breastfeeding. This indicated a statistically significant difference by gender, p = . 002. The demographic variables related to marital status, age and level of study were not statistically related to breastfeeding knowledge scores , p > . 05. Conclusion: Gender is obviously important socio-demographic factor that influence knowledge towards breastfeeding. Therefore, in order to make sure that breastfeeding is successfully promoted, optimal breastfeeding practices must be taught equally for male and female students at all levels of nursing education. Nursing students need to inculcate high knowledge via comprehensive training programs to meet the needs of mothers and their infants. Keywords: breastfeeding, breastfeeding Knowledge, breastfeeding attitude, nursing student