Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Women’s contribution to aquaculture’s regional development: a literature review

ABSTRACT Women’s participation is crucial in the development of aquaculture, yet their involvement in the sector is minimal. This literature review aims to analyze the role women play in aquaculture development through an analysis of (I) gender issues confronted by women, (II) the degree of women’s participation and outcomes, and (III) the modes of improving women’s participation and gender equality in the sector. We reviewed a total of 27 peer-reviewed articles between 2009 and 2019 explicitly focused on women in aquaculture. We find that while women generally have a positive attitude toward aquaculture, gender disparity is the main reason impeding women’s participation in the sector. Nevertheless, women are highly involved in many areas of the value chain, from production, administration and academia. Our review shows that women’s involvement within the sector is highly impactful to the elimination of severe socio-economic issues such as poverty, malnutrition and food insecurity. Most notably, efforts have been taken by several regional organizations to increase the value and participation of women in the sector through women’s empowerment and gender equality programs. We recommend that barriers of “traditional” gender role perception in the sector need to change, and the provision of opportunities for women to claim roles or resources in the sector demands improvement. We also conclude that there is a requirement for more knowledge about the specifics and value of women in aquaculture.
No clear effect of odour repellents on roe deer behaviour in the vicinity of roads

Ungulate–vehicle collisions pose a traffic safety issue as well as wildlife-conservation issues in many countries. While fences are recommended as reliable safety measures for motorways and other high-traffic volume roads, no generally accepted measures of the same efficiency are available for secondary roads. Odour repellents are applied in many central European countries, but contradictory results are available concerning their efficiency. We tested the effect of odour repellents on both a crossing frequency and the presence near roads of six individuals of roe deer over a period of five months (April–August 2019). The odour repellents were installed along two secondary roads, and along two semi-open habitats (forest–meadow and forest–arable land) alternately, in several phases. Two hypotheses were tested. The first one focused on the change in animal presence close to the profiles where the odours were applied, while the second hypothesis concerned a change in the number of crossings of the same profiles. The results demonstrate that no clear effect of odour repellents on roe deer behaviour in both hypotheses were obtained. Apart from the obtained results, we discuss the importance of the methodology. We conclude that this kind of study design is extremely sensitive to a number of factors with a potentially negative influence on the course of the study design.
Evaluation of bone marrow infiltration in multiple myeloma using whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging and T1-weighted water-fat separation Dixon.

Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is a blood cancer caused by the unlimited proliferation of intramedullary plasma cells. The presence of focal lesions (FLs) is presumed to be a more relevant factor for patient outcomes and risk distribution than diffuse bone marrow signal abnormalities. Signal changes in these FLs also have a good correlation with prognosis. As the cell density increased, a lower apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value was found with the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequence. Therefore, whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with DWI sequences is sensitive to cell density and viability and may be vital for disease detection and therapy response assessments. However, the correlation between the DWI signal and the degree of bone destruction and the proportion of bone marrow plasma cells (BMPC) was still unclear in patients with MM. Water-fat separation MRI is used mainly for evaluating liver and bone marrow fat quantification, and fat quantification in other diseases. Meanwhile, it is also possible to assess the extent of bone marrow invasion in medullary lesions. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between ADC values from whole-body DWI and water/fat MRI signals from T1-weighted water-fat separation in evaluating bone marrow infiltration in patients with MM. Methods The study included 35 patients with MM who underwent whole-body DWI and T1-weighted water-fat separation Dixon examinations before therapy. The ADC values, normalized fat signal intensity (nMfat), normalized water molecular signal intensity (nMwater), and normalized fat fraction (nFF) of the thoracolumbar spine was measured in FLs and the normal-appearing bone marrow (NABM). The differences in values were compared using the independent-samples t-test. The correlation between ADC values and water-fat MRI signals was estimated using the Pearson or Spearman correlation test. The correlation between the MRI above parameters and proportions of BMPC was also explored. Results Statistically significant differences were found between the mean ADC values in FLs and NABM (0.72 vs. 0.33 mm2/s, P<0.0001). Significantly elevated nMwater values and decreased nMfat and nFF values were observed in FLs; no correlations were found in NABM (P>0.05). The ADC value highly correlated with nMfat and nFF values and moderately with the nMwater value in FLs (r=-0.899, -0.834, 0.642, respectively, P<0.0001). Correlations were also observed between the proportion of BMPC and MRI parameters in MM (r=0.984, 0.716, -0.938, and -0.905, respectively, P<0.05). Conclusions The ADC value combined with water-fat separation parameters could be used for evaluating thoracolumbar bone marrow infiltration in MM. All parameters correlated with the proportion of BMPC, which helped assess the early response in MM therapy.
Automatic Emotion Recognition for Cultural Heritage

In this work we present an automatic emotion recognition system for the re-use of multimedia content and storytelling for cultural heritage. A huge amount of heterogeneous multimedia data on cultural heritage is available in online and offline databases that can be used and adapted to produce new content. In the real world, human video editors may want to select the video sequences composing the final video with the intention to induce an emotional reaction in the viewer (e.g. happiness, excitement, sadness). Usually they try to achieve this result following their personal judgement. However, this task of video selection could benefit a lot from the exploitation of an automatic sentiment classification system. Our system can help the editor in choosing the video sequences that best fit the desired emotion to be induced. First-of-all the system splits the video in scenes. Then it classifies them using a multimodal classifier which combines temporal features extracted form LSTM, sentiment-related features obtained through a DNN, audio features and motion-related features. The system learns which features are more important and exploits them to classify the scenes in terms of valence and arousal which are well known to correlate with induced emotions. Finally it provides an online video composer which allows the editor to search, filter and compose the scenes in a new video using sentiment information. To train the classifier we also collected and annotated a small dataset of both users recorded videos and professional ones downloaded from the web.
Solvent‐Free Rapid Deprotection of Ketone and Aldehyde Oximes using Periodic Acid

Abstract Ketone and aldehyde oximes can be readily converted to the corresponding carbonyl compounds in high yields under solvent‐free conditions when treated with periodic acid. Oximes bearing aliphatic C˭C bonds can be selectively deoximated. The advantages of this protocol include a rapid reaction rate and a simple workup procedure. No volatile organic solvents are required in the reaction processes.
First record of Nubensia nubens (Edwards, 1929) (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Croatia

Dorić, V. , Koh, M. & Mihaljević, Z. : First record of Nubensia nubens (Edwards, 1929) (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Croatia. Nat. Croat. , Vol. 29, No. 1, 139-142, Zagreb, 2020. The species Nubensia nubens (Edwards, 1929) from the dipteran family Chironomidae has been recorded for the first time in Croatian chironomid fauna. It was found in the littoral of the oligotrophic Lake Vrana on the island of Cres. The species is known from Italy, Albania and the Republic of Northern Macedonia as well as western Europe, the Czech Republic and the Pyrenees. Lake Vrana is currently the only known habitat of this species in Croatia.
Passive Delay Measurement for Fidelity Monitoring of Distributed Network Emulation

Emulation has become a popular approach for the validation and evaluation of network research. It provides researchers with a contained, customizable, and scalable testing environment, which can be easily packaged and published for potential readers to reproduce their results. However, as the network components are only virtual, emulation lacks the inherent realism of physical testbeds. In light of this, monitoring specific metrics of the emulated network has been proposed as a solution to mitigate to some degree inaccuracies caused by emulation. While this is not difficult to implement in a single-machine setting (e.g. with Mininet), monitoring is limited by the lack of time synchronization in scenarios where the emulation is distributed over multiple physical machines (e.g., Distrinet). In this paper we tackle the case of packet delay monitoring, to which we propose a methodology for passively measuring one-way delays with underlying assumptions about time synchronization, and round-trip delays otherwise. For an efficient implementation of our methodology, we propose an eBPF-based packet measurement tool that performs better than current packet sniffers under emulation-specific assumptions. We implement and evaluate our system in an open testbed and show that it can reach results within few microseconds of perfect accuracy and precision.
Quantitative Analysis of Elements in Sediments and Soils by X-Ray Fluorescence: A Discussion

In a recent issue of this journal, Tuncer e( al. (1977) described a mathematical treatment of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) data to estimate the elemental composition of soils . The following discussion refers to this paper: Tuncer et al. (1977) compared results obtained by three analytical techniques; however, their methodology for preparing samples for atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AA) imiicates that an undisclosed amount of "insoluble residue " was removed from the solution prior to analysis. The soils analyzed by XRF, on the other hand, contained this material as one of their components, with resultant matrix problems. It is not clear as to whether or not this "insoluble residue" contained iron ; the reagents employed to digest the soil, namely, a mixture of perchloric acid, phosphoric acid, and nitric acid, will not totally destroy the silicate structure. Hence, some iron could still have been locked up in the residue. The situation can best be resolved by a separate XRF analysis of the residue. In the absence of such information, the data obtained in the XRF analysis should not be compared with those obtained by AA methods. Also, the soils could be totally digested by fusion with lithium metaborate, followed by dissolution in a mild acid. Such a solution would contain all of the chemical components of the original soil, and a comparison of XRF and AA data would then be valid. Matrix effects due to the addition of an internal standard to the soil need to be examined fully. Sediments and soils follow log-normal size distribution, whereas freshly ground powders, commonly used as internal standards, follow Rossin ' s law of size distribution (Dapples , 1975). Different size distribution implies different grain-size population. Hence, mixing the two components, namely the laboratory ground standard powder and natural soils, will produce a size distribution different from that of the original soil. The effective penetration depth of XRF depends on the mean particle size ofthe sample (Jenkins and De Vries, 1967); thus, soil and soil-hematite mixtures will have different X-ray-penetration depths . Soils contain a large number of elements, and it is not possible to add an internal standard which will contain all the elements of interest. Hence, internal standards have to be separately and individually added for each element, such as Si02 for Si and Fe203 for Fe. Such numerous additions complicate the already complex nature of the soil, and the resultant XRF intensities cannot be easily converted to concentrations using existing equations . Also, a large number of samples with different internal standards must be analyzed, in order to obtain the complete chemical analysis of the single soil sample. Soils and sediments contain X-ray amorphous materials, such as hydroxides of Fe and Mn and organic matter. XRF intensities measured for soil on one hand, and a mixture of soil and crystalline hematite on the other, are not necessarily comparable. In complex matrices such as soils, "spiking" with
Comparative evaluation of factors involved in Fe stress response in tomato and soybean

Abstract Iron‐efficient and Fe‐inefficient tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill; T3238FER and T3238fer, respectively) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. ; A7 and T203, respectively) were grown in modified Hoagland solutions with varying levels of Fe (0, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.75 mg Fe L‐1). The release of H+ ions, reductants and reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ by the root, and concentration of nutrients in plant leaves and roots were measured to determine if these factors interact during the Festress response mechanism. The FER tomato responded to Fe stress by increasing H ion and reductant release concurrently with increased reduction of Fe3+ by the roots; all three reached maximum levels at the same time (day 7). Iron‐stressed A7 soybean responded first with increased H+ ion release and reduction by the roots, while reductant release lagged about 1 day behind. In both cases, increased concentration of leaf Fe corresponded to the time of maximum Fe‐stress response. The Fe‐inefficient T3238fer tomato and T203 soybe.
Rate of intramolecular contact formation in peptides: The loop length dependence

We use Monte Carlo simulations to estimate the rate of formation of a contact between the ends of a peptide chain as a function of its length N. We find that this rate decreases monotonically with N, in accord with the experimental data of Lapidus, Eaton, and Hofrichter [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97, 7220 (2000)] and of Bieri et al. [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96, 9597 (1999)] but in contrast to previous theoretical work predicting a maximum of the rate for N∼10. By comparing our results with those data we estimate the diffusion coefficient for the relative diffusion of the chain ends to be D∼6×10−6 cm2/s, which is close to that found for monomer diffusion.
Spatial patterns of arctic tundra vegetation properties on different soils along the Eurasia Arctic Transect, and insights for a changing Arctic

Vegetation properties of arctic tundra vary dramatically across its full latitudinal extent, yet few studies have quantified tundra ecosystem properties across latitudinal gradients with field-based observations that can be related to remotely sensed proxies. Here we present data from field sampling of six locations along the Eurasia Arctic Transect in northwestern Siberia. We collected data on the aboveground vegetation biomass, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the leaf area index (LAI) for both sandy and loamy soil types, and analyzed their spatial patterns. Aboveground biomass, NDVI, and LAI all increased with increasing summer warmth index (SWI—sum of monthly mean temperatures > 0 °C), although functions differed, as did sandy vs. loamy sites. Shrub biomass increased non-linearly with SWI, although shrub type biomass diverged with soil texture in the southernmost locations, with greater evergreen shrub biomass on sandy sites, and greater deciduous shrub biomass on loamy sites. Moss biomass peaked in the center of the gradient, whereas lichen biomass generally increased with SWI. Total aboveground biomass varied by two orders of magnitude, and shrubs increased from 0 g m−2 at the northernmost sites to >500 g m−2 at the forest-tundra ecotone. Current observations and estimates of increases in total aboveground and shrub biomass with climate warming in the Arctic fall short of what would represent a ‘subzonal shift’ based on our spatial data. Non-vascular (moss and lichen) biomass is a dominant component (>90% of the photosynthetic biomass) of the vegetation across the full extent of arctic tundra, and should continue to be recognized as crucial for Earth system modeling. This study is one of only a few that present data on tundra vegetation across the temperature extent of the biome, providing (a) key links to satellite-based vegetation indices, (b) baseline field-data for ecosystem change studies, and (c) context for the ongoing changes in arctic tundra vegetation.
Temperature Gradients and Inversions in a Forested Cascade Range Basin: Synoptic‐ to Local‐Scale Controls

Cold‐air pooling and associated air temperature inversions are important features of mountain landscapes, but incomplete understanding of their controlling factors hinders prediction of how they may mediate potential future climate changes at local scales. We evaluated how topographic and forest canopy effects on insolation and local winds altered the expression of synoptic‐scale meteorological forcing on near‐surface air temperature inversions and how these effects varied by time of day, season, and spatial scale. Using ~13 years of hourly temperature measurements in forest canopy openings and under the forest canopy at the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest in the western Cascade Range of Oregon (USA), we calculated air temperature gradients at the basin scale (high vs. low elevation) and at the cross‐valley scale for two transects that differed in topography and forest canopy cover. ERA5 and NCEP NCAR R1 reanalysis data were used to evaluate regional‐scale conditions. Basin and cross‐valley temperature inversions were frequent, particularly in winter and often persisted for several days. Nighttime inversions were more frequent at the cross‐valley scale but displayed the same intra‐annual pattern at the basin and regional scales, becoming most frequent in summer. Nighttime temperature gradients at basin and cross‐valley scales responded similarly to regional‐scale controls, particularly free‐air temperature gradients, despite differences in topography and forest cover. In contrast, the intra‐annual pattern of daytime inversions differed between the basin and cross‐valley scales and between the two cross‐valley transects, implying that topographic and canopy effects on insolation and local winds were key controls at these scales.
Linking Tree Health, Rhizosphere Physicochemical Properties, and Microbiome in Acute Oak Decline

Forest decline diseases are complex processes driven by biotic and abiotic factors. Although information about host–microbiome–environment interactions in agricultural systems is emerging rapidly, similar studies on tree health are still in their infancy. We used acute oak decline (AOD) as a model system to understand whether the rhizosphere physicochemical properties and microbiome are linked to tree health by studying these two factors in healthy and diseased trees located in three sites in different AOD stages—low, mid and severe. We found significant changes in the rhizosphere properties and microbiome composition across the different AOD sites and between the tree health conditions. Rhizosphere pH correlated with microbiome composition, with the microbial assemblages changing in more acidic soils. At the severe AOD site, the oak trees exhibited the lowest rhizosphere pH and distinct microbiome, regardless of their health condition, whereas, at the low and mid-stage AOD sites, only diseased trees showed lower pH and the microbial composition differed significantly from healthy trees. On these two sites, less extreme soil conditions and a high presence of host-beneficial microbiota were observed in the healthy oak trees. For the first time, this study gathers evidence of associations among tree health conditions, rhizosphere properties and microbiome as well as links aboveground tree decline symptoms to the belowground environment. This provides a baseline of rhizosphere community profiling of UK oak trees and paves the way for these associations to be investigated in other tree species suffering decline disease events.
Automatic Space Analysis Using Laser Scanning and a 3D Grid: Applications to Industrial Plant Facilities

While industrial plant projects are becoming bigger, and global attention to the plant as a construct is increasing, space arrangement in plant projects is inefficient because of the complex structure of required facilities (e.g., complex MEP (mechanical, electrical, and plumbing) installations, specialized tools, etc.,). Furthermore, problems during installation, operation, and maintenance stages caused by inconsistencies between floor plans and actual layout are on the rise. Although some of these conflicts can be addressed through clash detection using BIM (building information modeling), quality BIM models are scarce, especially for existing industrial plants. This study proposes a way to address the complexities caused by changes during plant construction and securing space for the installation of equipment during the construction and lifecycle of built facilities. 3D cloud point data of space and equipment were collected using 3D laser scanning to conduct space matching. In processing the space matching, data were simplified by applying the 3D grid and by comparing the data, easier identification of the space for target equipment was accomplished. This study also proposed a pre-processing method based on sub-sampling that optimizes the point cloud data and verifies the processing speed and accuracy. Lastly, it finds free space for various equipment layouts required in industrial plant projects by space analysis, proposed algorithms, and processes for obtaining the coordinates of valid space for equipment arrangement. The proposed method of this study is expected to help solve the problems derived from arrangement and installation of new equipment in a complex plant site.
Effect of oxygen atoms on the vibrational kinetics of CO2 and CO revealed by the use of a large surface area material

The effect of oxygen atoms on the vibrational kinetics of CO2 and CO is studied in a DC glow discharge at reduced pressure by means of in situ FTIR spectroscopy. For this study we used two SiO2-based surface configurations: a smooth Pyrex discharge tube and a large specific surface material. The larger surface area enhances the O atom surface recombination into O2, the dominant O atom loss mechanism in our discharge conditions. The O atom density is thus reduced down to 5%–10% of the density measured with the smooth Pyrex tube, without changing significantly any other relevant plasma parameter (such as reduced electric field, gas temperature or dissociation fraction). The experimental results show a remarkable increase of the vibrational excitation of both CO2 and CO with the large surface material, i.e. low O atom density, demonstrating that atomic oxygen is a strong quencher of the vibrations of both species. In addition we show that, contrary to what could be expected, the use of large specific surfaces does not necessarily lead to lower vibrational excitation. In our experimental conditions, the possible enhanced de-excitation at the surface is compensated by the removal of oxygen atoms. Therefore these experimental results also demonstrate that large surfaces, catalytic or not, may have a significant impact on the plasma kinetics by affecting the recombination of gas phase species.