Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Raising energy transfer in corridors constrained by voltage instability-Statnett case

Statnett SF (The Norwegian Power Grid Company) is seeking new technologies to raise their grid energy transfer limits. One technology ABB is developing utilizes local measurements to assess proximity to voltage collapse. Statnett has conducted a joint computer simulation study with ABB and SINTEF Energy Research. A frequent problem for the Nordic power market is the limited power transfer capability to Sweden along the Hasle corridor. This limit caused a negative economic impact of approximately NOK 27M or USD 3.5M in the first 8 months of 1999. Power transfer corridor limits are usually determined prior to operation, and thus the limits may be set conservatively because of insufficient knowledge of the actual operating conditions, e.g. regarding proximity to voltage collapse. When using an advanced online sensor, the true transfer limit may show to be much greater than the existing conservative limit. When linked with dedicated system protection schemes, such as load shedding in the Oslo area, this sensor can raise the limit even further by quickly shedding load in the event of a contingency.
Quercetin Alleviates the Immunotoxic Impact Mediated by Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Doxorubicin Exposure in Rats

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapeutic agent against hematogenous and solid tumors with undesirable side effects including immunosuppression. Quercetin (QUR), a natural flavonoid abundant in fruits and vegetables, has a potent antioxidant activity. The aim of the current study was to assess the impact of QUR on DOX-induced hematological and immunological dysfunctions in a rodent model. Randomly grouped rats were treated as follows: control, QUR alone (50 mg/kg for 15 days per os), DOX alone (2.5 mg/kg I/P, three times a week, for two weeks), and co-treated rats with QUR for 15 days prior to and concomitantly with DOX (for two weeks), at the doses intended for groups two and three. DOX alone significantly disrupted the erythrogram and leukogram variables. Serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, and IgE) levels and the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in spleen were declined. The DNA damage traits in spleen were elevated with an upregulation of the expression of the apoptotic markers (p53 and Caspase-3 genes) and the proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α genes), while the expression of CAT gene was downregulated. These biochemical changes were accompanied by morphological changes in the spleen of DOX-treated rats. Co-treatment with QUR abated most of the DOX-mediated alterations in hematological variables, serum immunoglobulins, and spleen antioxidant status, pro-inflammatory and apoptotic responses, and histopathological alterations. In essence, these data suggest that QUR alleviated DOX-induced toxicities on the bone marrow, spleen, and antibody-producing cells. Supplementation of chemotherapy patients with QUR could circumvent the DOX-induced inflammation and immunotoxicity, and thus prevent chemotherapy failure.
The architectural attributes of auto parts and transaction patterns on design drawings

In this paper, we make a tentative study on the strategic choice of transaction patterns for the detailed design drawings of auto parts in the Japanese auto industry. Using the available taxonomy of transaction patterns from previous studies - the Drawing-Supplied (DS) system, the Drawing-Entrusted (DE) system and the Drawing-Approved (DA) system - we further explore the conditions under which these patterns are chosen to achieve the efficiency of interfirm cooperation in the new product development process. The inquiry into why diverse patterns can still be observed even within a transaction dyad (one automaker and one supplier) motivates us to relate the architectural attributes of auto parts to the outsourcing decision for their detailed design. Results of our empirical study show that the functional modularity of auto parts had a positive effect on the outsourcing of design drawings.
Three-Mode Dual-Frequency Two-Edge Modulation Scheme for Four-Switch Buck–Boost Converter

Four-switch buck-boost (FSBB) converter features low-voltage stress across the power switches and positive output voltage. They have two active power switches and two synchronous rectifiers, so two freedoms, i.e., the duty cycles of the two active switches, are available to regulate the output voltage. This paper proposes a two-edge modulation (TEM), in which the two active switches are trailing-edge and leading-edge modulated, respectively. Thus, the inductor current ripple can be reduced. Furthermore, a 3-mode TEM is derived to reduce the root-mean-square value of the inductor current to reduce the conduction loss. The line range is divided into three regions, and FSBB operates at boost, buck-boost, and buck modes in the lower, medium, and higher input voltage regions, respectively. At buck and boost modes, only two switches are high-frequency switched, so that the total switching loss is reduced. In the buck-boost mode, the inductor current ripple is very low compared with other two modes. Hence, the switching frequency is lowered to reduce the switching loss. The 3-mode TEM can achieve high efficiency over the line range, which is verified by a 48-V (36-75 V) input, 48-V @ 6.25-A output prototype. The measured efficiency is higher than 96.5% over the line range and the efficiency at the nominal input voltage is 97.8%.
Energy Efficient Servers: Blueprints for Data Center Optimization

Energy Efficient Servers: Blueprints for Data Center Optimization introduces engineers and IT professionals to the power management technologies and techniques used in energy efficient servers. The book includes a deep examination of different features used in processors, memory, interconnects, I/O devices, and other platform components. It outlines the power and performance impact of these features and the role firmware and software play in initialization and control. Using examples from cloud, HPC, and enterprise environments, the book demonstrates how various power management technologies are utilized across a range of server utilization. It teaches the reader how to monitor, analyze, and optimize their environment to best suit their needs. It shares optimization techniques used by data center administrators and system optimization experts at the worlds most advanced data centers. What youll learn Develop a deep understanding of power management in modern servers from data center and systems software to low-level processor technologies and all the pieces in-between. Build an understanding of technologies used in cores, caches, memory, system agents, processor interconnects, and PCI-E to manage power. Learn techniques for monitoring and characterizing server power management technologies including component and system level impact. Develop strategies to improve infrastructure utilization and cost-effectiveness, to guide configuration and purchasing decisions, and to enhance application deployment. Learn new techniques to optimize a server for energy efficiency while still meeting the service level requirements of software, related systems in the data center, and end customers.Who this book is for Primarily: Engineers and IT professionals. More broadly, the book appeals to a wide technologist audience anyone who designs or relies on a server to run services and applications from software engineers, to system administrators, to equipment and system manufacturers, to data center operators. Table of ContentsForeword/Preface Chapter 1: Why Data Center Efficiency MattersChapter 2: CPU and Memory Power ManagementChapter 3: Memory and I/O Power ManagementChapter 4: Software ArchitectureChapter 5: BIOS and Management FirmwareChapter 6: Operating SystemsChapter 7: MonitoringChapter 8: Characterization and OptimizationChapter 9: Data Center ManagementChapter 10: Terms and Technology Appendix
The Effects of Chair-Type and Workstation Configuration on Work Performance

The relationship between workstation design and the productivity of human operators is a topic of significant interest in contemporary ergonomics. Accordingly, this research consisted of two experiments which evaluated the effects of chair-type, work height and thigh-work surface angle on the upper extremity performance and comfort of females in two-hour sessions in a controlled work environment. The first experiment used six females as blocks in the statistical design and varied the chair-type between two types of “ergonomic” chairs and a wood chair. Non-significant trends indicate that light assembly production rose when using the ergonomic chairs an average of 7% in the final 30 minutes of each session. Overall comfort ratings significantly favored the ergonomic chairs. The second experiment used two females and varied three elbow heights and three thigh-work surface angles in nine combinations in a 32 factorial design. Nonsignificant trends indicated that assembly rates rose 5–7.8% when using a 185-degree or 155-degree angle in the final 30 minutes and 7.5–9% in the final 15 minutes. Both experiments revealed very few significant subject body part discomfort or chair feature differences between independent variables. Reaction times were negatively related to upper body part discomfort in both experiments. The research methodology proved valid and could be expanded in later studies.
Damage identification and health monitoring of structural and mechanical systems from changes in their vibration characteristics: A literature review

This report contains a review of the technical literature concerning the detection, location, and characterization of structural damage via techniques that examine changes in measured structural vibration response. The report first categorizes the methods according to required measured data and analysis technique. The analysis categories include changes in modal frequencies, changes in measured mode shapes (and their derivatives), and changes in measured flexibility coefficients. Methods that use property (stiffness, mass, damping) matrix updating, detection of nonlinear response, and damage detection via neural networks are also summarized. The applications of the various methods to different types of engineering problems are categorized by type of structure and are summarized. The types of structures include beams, trusses, plates, shells, bridges, offshore platforms, other large civil structures, aerospace structures, and composite structures. The report describes the development of the damage-identification methods and applications and summarizes the current state-of-the-art of the technology. The critical issues for future research in the area of damage identification are also discussed.
Characterization of Total RNA, CD44, FASN, and PTEN mRNAs from Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers in Gastric Cancer Patients

Simple Summary Liquid biopsy is an easily accessible and non-invasive method to gain information about tumor diseases. The purpose of our study was to determine the value of extracellular vesicle-derived mRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis of gastric cancer and the response to its treatment. In a cohort of 87 gastric cancer patients and a control group of 14 individuals, we analyzed the absolute RNA concentration from extracellular vesicles (EV) and the relative levels of FASN, PTEN, and CD44 mRNA, and their correlation with clinico-pathological features. These correlated with treatment, tumor grading, and the pathological subtype according to Laurén’s classification. This might reflect their potential as both diagnostic and therapeutic predictors. Abstract In-depth characterization has introduced new molecular subtypes of gastric cancer (GC). To identify these, new approaches and techniques are required. Liquid biopsies are trendsetting and provide an easy and feasible method to identify and to monitor GC patients. In a prospective cohort of 87 GC patients, extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated from 250 µL of plasma. The total RNA was isolated with TRIZOL. The total RNA amount and the relative mRNA levels of CD44, PTEN, and FASN were measured by qRT-PCR. The isolation of EVs and their contained mRNA was possible in all 87 samples investigated. The relative mRNA levels of PTEN were higher in patients already treated by chemotherapy than in chemo-naïve patients. In patients who had undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by gastrectomy, a decrease in the total RNA amount was observed after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and gastrectomy, while FASN and CD44 mRNA levels decreased only after gastrectomy. The amount of RNA and the relative mRNA levels of FASN and CD44 in EVs were affected more significantly by chemotherapy and gastrectomy than by chemotherapy alone. Therefore, they are a potential biomarker for monitoring treatment response. Future analyses are needed to identify GC-specific key RNAs in EVs, which could be used for the diagnosis of gastric cancer patients in order to determine their molecular subtype and to accompany the therapeutic response.
Reassessing Syntax-Related ERP Components Using Popular Music Chord Sequences

Electroencephalographic responses to unexpected musical events allow researchers to test listeners’ internal models of syntax. One major challenge is dissociating cognitive syntactic violations—based on the abstract identity of a particular musical structure—from unexpected acoustic features. Despite careful controls in past studies, recent work by Bigand, Delbe, Poulin-Carronnat, Leman, and Tillmann (2014) has argued that ERP findings attributed to cognitive surprisal cannot be unequivocally separated from sensory surprisal. Here we report a novel EEG paradigm that uses three auditory short-term memory models and one cognitive model to predict surprisal as indexed by several ERP components (ERAN, N5, P600, and P3a), directly comparing sensory and cognitive contributions. Our paradigm parameterizes a large set of stimuli rather than using categorically “high” and “low” surprisal conditions, addressing issues with past work in which participants may learn where to expect violations and may be biased by local context. The cognitive model (Harrison & Pearce, 2018) predicted higher P3a amplitudes, as did Leman’s (2000) model, indicating both sensory and cognitive contributions to expectation violation. However, no model predicted ERAN, N5, or P600 amplitudes, raising questions about whether traditional interpretations of these ERP components generalize to broader collections of stimuli or rather are limited to less naturalistic stimuli.
Exploiting heterogeneity for routing in wireless sensor networks

One of the key differences of Wireless Sensor Networks compared to traditional networks is the inclusion of energy consumption as a first-order optimization goal. As a result, significant research effort has been channeled towards creating low power hardware platforms. Currently, wireless sensor network devices fall into two main categories. The first category, motes, includes tiny, inexpensive, resource-constrained devices that operate for long periods of time on battery power. The second category, microservers, is comprised of devices that provide increased computational and networking capacity compared to motes, at the cost of higher power consumption. To address the fundamental tension between the need for ample numbers of nodes, and ample resources per node, the sensor network community has been increasingly exploring heterogeneous tiered architectures, where the system is composed of a mixture of both platform categories. In this dissertation, we advocate exploiting heterogeneity for routing in Wireless Sensor Networks, by taking advantage of the different capabilities of platforms in a heterogeneous system. We demonstrate via two separate protocol designs---one at each tier---that our approach can often lead to performance improvements. On the mote tier, we implement CentRoute, an on-demand mote routing protocol that exploits the increased memory and computational resources of the microserver to centralize routing decisions. CentRoute avoids routing instabilities and inconsistencies that sometimes occur in distributed designs and also incurs low control overhead as paths are maintained only when data flows through them. Simulations and testbed experiments show that CentRoute provides better than 99% network connectivity in medium and high densities with 60% less control overhead compared to distributed protocols. On the microserver tier, we approach the problem of establishing on-demand multihop end-to-end paths in a network that is duty-cycled in order to conserve energy. We use a second, low-bandwidth mote-class radio which can be found in newer generations of microservers to selectively wake up nodes along the required path. Numerical models and initial testbed experiments show that our proposed mechanism uses up to 60% less energy compared to alternative approaches while incurring only 9--12 seconds of extra latency.
Giving stakeholders a voice in governance: Biodiversity priorities for New Zealand's agriculture

1. Mainstreaming biodiversity across government and society is recognised by international policy as critical to achieving positive conservation outcomes. With ‘participatory governance’ increasingly being applied to achieve collective action in conservation, there are growing calls to critically review such processes to cap ture their complexity and manage for emergent outcomes. 2. This paper critically reviews a case study, aiming to give a broad range of stake holders a voice in setting biodiversity priorities for New Zealand's agricultural landscape, in relation to four principles for knowledge co- production in sustain ability: context- based, pluralistic, goal- orientated and interactive. 3. Aiming to facilitate an inclusive but rapid participation process, while not overbur dening those willing to participate, three pathways for engagement were offered. Stakeholder participants were recruited from public, private and civic sectors in volved in managing New Zealand's farmland biodiversity. 4. An initial scoping
Acoustic emission monitoring using a multimode optical fiber sensor

Permanent damage in various materials and constructions often causes high-energy high-frequency acoustic waves. To detect those so called ‘acoustic emission (AE) events’, in most cases ultrasonic transducers are embedded in the structure or attached to its surface. However, for many applications where event localization is less important, an embedded low-cost multimode optical fiber sensor configured for event counting may be a better alternative due to its corrosion resistance, immunity to electromagnetic interference and light-weight. The sensing part of this intensity-modulated sensor consists of a multimode optical fiber. The sensing principle now relies on refractive index variations, microbending and mode-mode interferences by the action of the acoustic pressure wave. A photodiode is used to monitor the intensity of the optical signal and transient signal detection techniques (filtering, frame-to-frame analysis, recursive noise estimation, power detector estimator) on the photodiode output are applied to detect the events. In this work, the acoustic emission monitoring capabilities of the multimode optical fiber sensor are demonstrated with the fiber sensor embedded in the liner of a Power Data Transmission (PDT) coil to detect damage (delamination, matrix cracking and fiber breaking) while bending the coil. With the Hankel Total Least Square (HTLS) technique, it is shown that both the acoustic emission signal and optical signal can be modeled with a sum of exponentially damped complex sinusoids with common poles.
Digital control for brush DC motor

In home appliances applications the brush DC motor, driven by a chopper, can be controlled by a standard microcontroller. However people often consider the microcontrollers as not suitable for the power environment because of their limited computing speed or noise immunity problems. This paper shows how a cost effective digital motor drive can be designed by combining a chopper and an 8 bits microcontroller: the speed is simply controlled through direct voltage compensation and motor power limitation. The microcontroller implements both motor control and interface functions of the application: it replaces the analog circuits of the conventional motor control. Performances and practical results are given for a 300 W/12000 RPM motor drive. >
Performance evaluation of accelerometers ADXL345 and MPU6050 exposed to random vibrational input

The use of vibration monitors is a well-established practice in industrial maintenance, usually vibration sensors are positioned at specific points on the monitored machinery and data are continuously collected to feed a machine operating health control system. Nevertheless, the technology for obtaining the signal, its treatment and analysis is generally expensive, and the financial return is not evident, which justifies the development of low-cost alternatives technologies. In this work was performed an analysis of the responses of two Micro-Electro-Mechanical accelerometers, models ADXL345 and MPU6050, exposed to a low intensity random signal and standard operating frequency. The objective of the analysis was to verify the capacity of these devices to be used as mechanical vibration sensors for rotating machines. For this purpose, offset shift analyzes of the sensors due to the Earth's gravitational field were performed, as well as vibrational spectrum and rectification errors analysis under multiple conditions. The data pointed to a greater uniformity of the MPU6050 response, while several behavioral anomalies were seen in the ADXL345, when these sensors are exposed to the same mechanical signal. The qualitative and quantitative behavior of MPU6050 rectification error was consistent with reported in the literature. It was noted that the methodology used can profile the behavior of sensors, however, it is not sufficient to safely justify the inaccuracies, requiring that the tests be performed on a statistically representative number of sensors from different manufacturers and batches.