Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A micro-genetic algorithm (GA v1.7.1a) for combinatorial optimization of physics parameterizations in the Weather Research and Forecasting model (v4.0.3) for quantitative precipitation forecast in Korea

Abstract. One of the biggest uncertainties in numerical weather predictions (NWPs) comes from treating the subgrid-scale physical processes. For more accurate regional weather and climate prediction by improving physics parameterizations, it is important to optimize a combination of physics schemes and unknown parameters in NWP models. We have developed an interface system between a micro-genetic algorithm (µ-GA) and the WRF model for the combinatorial optimization of cumulus (CU), microphysics (MP), and planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes in terms of quantitative precipitation forecast for heavy rainfall events in Korea. The µ-GA successfully improved simulated precipitation despite the nonlinear relationship among the physics schemes. During the evolution process, MP schemes control grid-resolving-scale precipitation, while CU and PBL schemes determine subgrid-scale precipitation. This study demonstrates that the combinatorial optimization of physics schemes in the WRF model is one possible solution to enhance the forecast skill of precipitation.
A Data-Driven Method for Predicting the Cutterhead Torque of EPB Shield Machine

The prediction of cutterhead torque of earth pressure balance (EPB) shield machine is mainly studied. First, the idea of shield tunneling stage division is proposed. The process of shield tunneling from start to stop (or pause) is divided into start-up and stationary driving stages. Using the change point detection method based on linear regression, the separation points between start-up stage and stationary driving stage are identified from the original construction data, and the datasets of the two stages are extracted, respectively. Then, for the start-up stage, the linear regression method is suggested for the cutterhead torque prediction, since there is a strong linear correlation between the key parameters such as the cutterhead torque and the thrust force. Meanwhile, for the stationary driving stage, considering the fact that the key parameters vary smoothly and show obvious inertia, the long short-term memory (LSTM) network method can be used to establish the relationship model between cutterhead torque and other key parameters, such as the thrust force. Through the test experiments of construction data in Zhengzhou, Luoyang, and Dalian shield projects, the results show that the proposed segmented modeling method possesses good adaptability and the cutterhead torque prediction model has high prediction accuracy.
Guppy Longevity , Inbreeding and Outcrossing

Introduction . 2 Short Life in a Blue Grass Strain . 3 Natural Lifespan of Guppies . 4 Reproductive Lifespan v. Total Lifespan. 5 Effect of Reproduction on Longevity . 8 Breeding Practices that Shorten Longevity. 10 Diseases of Older Guppies . 11 Evolution in Wild Guppies . 12 Inbreeding Depression (ID) . 14 Purging and Selection . 17 Outcrossing and Heterosis . 19 Outcrossing My BG Strain. 21 Outbreeding Depression (OBD) . 22 Nuances of Outcrossing . 24 My Experience with OBD . 26 Male v. Female Longevity . 27 Longevity Decreases with Captive Breeding . 28 Selecting For Longevity in Drosophila . 29 Factors Correlated with Increased Longevity . 30 My Results from Breeding Older Fish . 32 Selecting Guppies for Longevity . 33 Recommendations for Increasing Longevity . 35 References . 36
Intracerebral Hemorrhage Detection in Computed Tomography Scans Through Cost-Sensitive Machine Learning

ABSTRACT Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most severe form of stroke, with a greater than 75% likelihood of death or severe disability, and half of its mortality occurs in the first 24 hours. The grave nature of intracerebral hemorrhage and the high cost of false negatives in its diagnosis are representative of many medical tasks. Cost-sensitive machine learning has shown promise in various studies as a method of minimizing unwanted results. In this study, 6 machine learning models were trained on 160 computed tomography brain scans both with and without utility matrices based on penalization, an implementation of cost-sensitive learning. The highest-performing model was the support vector machine, which obtained an accuracy of 97.5%, sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 100% without penalization, and an accuracy of 92.5%, sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 85% with penalization, on a test dataset of 40 scans. In both cases, the model outperforms a range of previous work using other techniques despite the small size of and high heterogeneity in the dataset. Utility matrices demonstrate strong potential for sensitive yet accurate artificial intelligence techniques in medical contexts and workflows where a reduction of false negatives is crucial.
Experimental Assessment of a Visual-Laser Relative Navigation Module for CubeSats

This paper presents the Hardware-In-The-Loop testing of a multi-sensor relative navigation module enabling close-proximity operations toward passively cooperative space targets in the frame of On-Orbit Servicing missions. The module, which is designed according to the CubeSat standard to occupy two CubeSat units, consists of a monocular camera and a wide-field-of-view laser range finder, and exploits a sensor fusion logic to provide relative position and attitude (pose) estimates. A laboratory setup is conceived and realized to characterize the pose estimation performance of the module by providing a highly accurate benchmark. Experimental tests show that the module is able to measure its relative position and attitude with respect to a target at operative distances below 2 meters with millimeter and tenths-of-degree level accuracy, respectively. Further tests on a larger-scale trajectory in an uncontrolled environment (in terms of illumination conditions and reference pose solution) demonstrate the capability to perform pose estimation up to operative distances of about 9 meters from the target, keeping reprojection errors at sub-centimeter level, and collecting reliable range finder measurements up to 30 m.
The prevalence and risk factors of potentially inappropriate medication use in older Chinese inpatients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy: a cross-sectional study

Background Multimorbidity and polypharmacy are common problems among the older population globally. They not only reduce the quality of life of older adults but also increase the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and the predictors of PIMs in hospitalized geriatric patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy in Chengdu based on the 2015 American Geriatric Society Beers Criteria (2015 AGS Beers Criteria) and 2019 American Geriatric Society Beers Criteria (2019 AGS Beers Criteria). Methods From 2016 to 2018, a cross-sectional study was conducted using electronic medical data from nine tertiary hospitals in Chengdu. The 2019 and 2015 AGS Beers Criteria were used to evaluate the PIM status of older inpatients (age ≥65 years), and logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors for PIM use. Results A total of 17,352 inpatients were included in the study between 2016 and 2018. The prevalence of PIM use based on the 2019 AGS Beers Criteria (72.54%) was slightly higher than that based on the 2015 AGS Beers Criteria (70.10%). Further, the prevalence of PIM use based on the 2019 AGS Beers Criteria showed an increasing trend, from 71.17% in 2016 to 73.39% in 2018. Logistic regression demonstrated that female, advanced age, and polypharmacy were positively associated with PIM use in older adults. The most frequently used PIMs in the inpatients were diuretics, benzodiazepines, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antipsychotics, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Conclusions There is a high prevalence of PIM use in older inpatients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy in Chengdu. The 2019 AGS Beers Criteria is more sensitive for evaluating older adults in Chengdu than the 2015 AGS Beers Criteria. Further, based on the 2019 AGS Beers Criteria, the prevalence of PIM use is increasing year by year. Research on interventions rationing PIM use in the geriatric population in Chengdu are necessary in the future.
Progressive dysphagia secondary to multiple anterior cervical osteophytes: a case report

Introduction The prevalence of anterior cervical osteophytes (ACOs) in the elderly ranges from 20-30% [1]. The majority of ACOs are formed by reactive ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligaments (ALL) secondary to degenerative disease. Anterior cervical osteophytes are largely asymptomatic and can be present in isolation or as a part of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (Forestier disease) [2]. Post traumatic instability and iatrogenic ACO due to spine surgery are among other significant aetiological factors. External compression caused by large anterior osteophytes may result in significant dysphagia. Although such cases have been reported in the literature, this phenomenon is hardly reported in Sri Lanka. We report a 34-year-old man who was found to have large anterior cervical osteophytes while being investigated for progressive dysphagia.
Glutathione S-Transferases in Marine Copepods

The glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a complex family of phase II detoxification enzymes, known for their ability to catalyze the conjugation of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) to a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous electrophilic compounds for detoxification purposes. In marine environments, copepods are constantly exposed to multiple exogenous stressors, thus their capability of detoxification is key for survival. Full identification of the GST family in copepods has been limited only to few species. As for insects, the GST family includes a wide range of genes that, based on their cellular localization, can be divided in three classes: cytosolic, microsomal, and mitochondrial. The role of GSTs might have class-specific features, thus understanding the nature of the GST family has become crucial. This paper covers information of the GST activity in marine copepods based on studies investigating gene expression, protein content, and enzymatic activity. Using published literature and mining new publicly available transcriptomes, we characterized the multiplicity of the GST family in copepods from different orders and families, highlighting the possible role of these genes as biomarker for ocean health status monitoring.
Examining access to care in clinical genomic research and medicine: Experiences from the CSER Consortium

Abstract Introduction: Ensuring equitable access to health care is a widely agreed-upon goal in medicine, yet access to care is a multidimensional concept that is difficult to measure. Although frameworks exist to evaluate access to care generally, the concept of “access to genomic medicine” is largely unexplored and a clear framework for studying and addressing major dimensions is lacking. Methods: Comprised of seven clinical genomic research projects, the Clinical Sequencing Evidence-Generating Research consortium (CSER) presented opportunities to examine access to genomic medicine across diverse contexts. CSER emphasized engaging historically underrepresented and/or underserved populations. We used descriptive analysis of CSER participant survey data and qualitative case studies to explore anticipated and encountered access barriers and interventions to address them. Results: CSER’s enrolled population was largely lower income and racially and ethnically diverse, with many Spanish-preferring individuals. In surveys, less than a fifth (18.7%) of participants reported experiencing barriers to care. However, CSER project case studies revealed a more nuanced picture that highlighted the blurred boundary between access to genomic research and clinical care. Drawing on insights from CSER, we build on an existing framework to characterize the concept and dimensions of access to genomic medicine along with associated measures and improvement strategies. Conclusions: Our findings support adopting a broad conceptualization of access to care encompassing multiple dimensions, using mixed methods to study access issues, and investing in innovative improvement strategies. This conceptualization may inform clinical translation of other cutting-edge technologies and contribute to the promotion of equitable, effective, and efficient access to genomic medicine.
Wie antikoaguliert man ältere und fragile Patienten?

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmendem Alter steigt das Risiko für Thrombosen, Blutungen und Nierenfunktionsstörungen. Die Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit der direkten oralen Antikoagulanzien (DOAKs) bei fragilen Patienten (Alter 75 Jahre und/oder Kreatinin-Clearance < 50 ml/min und/oder Körpergewicht unter 50 kg) mit Indikation zur Antikoagulation ist eines der schwierigsten Themen in der aktuellen kardiovaskulären Medizin. Neue Registerdaten aus Subgruppenanalysen großer Studien und Register weisen auf die Überlegenheit von DOAKs im Vergleich mit VKA hin. In diesem Artikel werden sowohl Daten aus neuen Studien als auch Subgruppenanalysen von wegweisenden Studien ausgewertet, um neue Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen und Wege für die Antikoagulation bei fragilen Patienten zu beschreiben.
Effect of Changes in Dietary Net Energy Concentration on Growth Performance, Fat Deposition, Skatole Production, and Intestinal Morphology in Immunocastrated Male Pigs

Nutritional requirements of heavy immunocastrated (IM) pigs and therefore appropriate feeding strategies have not yet been determined. Thus, the effects of changes in dietary net energy (NE) content were studied in 41 IM pigs, fed ad libitum diets with low, medium, and high NE content (LNE, MNE, and HNE diets, with 8.5, 9.3, and 10.0 MJ NE/kg, respectively), from 84 days of age until slaughter at an average age of 172 days and an average body weight of 122.5 kg. In the period from 143 to 170 days of age, there was a tendency for a greater NE intake (p = 0.08) in pigs fed the HNE diet along with greater (p < 0.01) backfat gain. Dietary treatment affected carcass composition, as lower backfat thickness (p = 0.01) and lower area of fat over the longissimus muscle (p = 0.05) were observed in the LNE and MNE pigs. In addition, greater lean meat content (p = 0.04) was observed in the LNE pigs. Reducing the NE of the diet by replacement of cereals and soybean meal with high-fiber ingredients resulted in lower indole production in the ascending colon (p < 0.01) and greater skatole production (p < 0.01) in the cecum. Greater villus area, width, height and perimeter, crypt depth, and thickness of the intestinal mucosa in the jejunum, ileum, ascending colon, and descending colon were found in the LNE group (p < 0.01) than in the HNE group, while those in the MNE group was intermediate. Cell proliferation was not affected by dietary treatment (p > 0.05). The present results show that a reduction in dietary NE concentration lowers lipid deposition, without affecting performance or energy efficiency in IM pigs. This technique provides an advantage in terms of improved leanness, without affecting growth rate in IM pigs after immunization, which is particularly important when the backfat thickness is a determinant of carcass value and IM pigs are fattened to higher weights (e.g., in heavy pig production) or when a longer delay between immunization and slaughter is practiced.
Circular Polarization-Agile and Continuous Beam-Steerable Array Antenna Using a Hybrid Design Approach

A circular polarization (CP)-agile and continuous beam-steerable array antenna is presented using a hybrid design approach. It is accomplished by combining digital reconfigurable antenna elements with analog continuously tunable phase shifters. To realize both polarization reconfiguration and initial phase generation for beam scanning simultaneously, the designed antenna element enables eight states that correspond to two CP modes with four quantized phases. The phase shifters further provide additional variable phases of −90° to 0° for antenna element excitation. Superposition of the initial and additional phases helps to satisfy full and continuous 360° phase coverage for a beam-steerable array. Meanwhile, phase decomposition also facilitates the design of phase shifters without complex or cascaded structures. By altering the bias states of the electronic components loaded in the array antenna, CP switching and beam scanning can be independently controlled. For verification, prototypes of the antenna element, phase shifter, and a four-element array are all fabricated and tested. Reasonable agreement is obtained between simulation and measurement. The resultant array could scan up to nearly ±40° off the boresight, along with stable radiation patterns and good CP performance.
Sulphur Ligand Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes for Removal of mercury from waste water – experimental and density functional theoretical study

ABSTRACT Owing to the strong interaction of mercury with sulphur, thiol(SH) and dithiocarbamate (DTC) ligands were grafted on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and were characterized by elemental analysis, SEM-EDS, FTIR, and XRD analysis. The maximum adsorption capacity of MWCNT-DTC was found to be 3.5 times higher than that of MWCNT-SH at the optimum pH of 6. The kinetics and equilibrium data revealed that the adsorption of Hg2+ follow pseudo-first-order and Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. Density functional theoretical calculation performed for the interaction of Hg2+ ion with SWCNT-DTC and SWCNT-SH corroborated the experimental output that former have greater adsorption than the later.Test- L2
Assessing the temporal dynamics of Frankliniella schultzei (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in commercial soybean crops in North Brazil

Thrips are considered a secondary pest of soybean in Brazil, but high densities have been noticed since the last harvests (2017/18 and 2018/19), yet no study has provided an initial hypothesis regarding the causes of such events. We aimed to identify some of the factors related to Frankliniella schultzei Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) temporal dynamics in commercial soybean crops located in Tocantins (Northern Brazil). We undertook evaluations during soybean vegetative, flowering, and fruiting stages on 200 plants per field in each sampling date (n = 22). Our results indicated that the densities of F. schultzei were similar among fields and soybean phenological stages. The density of thrips showed a significant negative relationship with rainfall, but it was not related to either air temperature, photoperiod, relative humidity, or wind speed. The predators' density was less than 170 individuals (summing all assessments), and it was not associated with thrips density. This study indicates rainfall as the leading factor associated with the temporal dynamics of F. schultzei in commercial soybean crops.
Single-Layer Re-Organizable All-Dielectric Meta-Lens Platform for Arbitrary Transmissive Phase Manipulation at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

As a prominent candidate to cope with both device integration and miniaturization, multifunctional metadevices have attracted increasing interest recently. However, suffering from several demerits, conventional multifunctional devices could not meet practical demands. In this article, we elaborate on a single-layer transmissive all-dielectric meta-lens platform that can flexibly manipulate beams by pluggable phase elements over a broad millimeter-wave regime. The pluggable element of the meta-lens platform is able to provide a full $2\pi $ transmission phase coverage together with a high transmission coefficient. The elements are encoded into 36 phase modules as a phase library. The designed phase modules can be reassembled that span $2\pi $ uniformly to reconstruct distinct functions, due to their dynamic pluggable feature. To verify its flexible assembly and efficient phase modulation, the meta-lens platform with different arrangements of phase modules is assembled and demonstrated in the experiment, which is in good agreement with theoretical and simulation analyses. Owing to the properties of flexible assembly, broad bandwidth, and high efficiency, the proposed meta-lens platform paves the way for potential applications in millimeter-wave regimes, such as beamforming, computer-generated hologram, and other complex demands that involve phase manipulations.
A High-Efficiency Electrically Reconfigurable Circular Polarizer and Its Array Application

A novel electrically reconfigurable circular polarizer with high efficiency is proposed in this letter. The combination of a linearly polarized antenna and a metal strip inclined at a certain angle could achieve circularly polarized radiation. Therefore, the polarization of the antenna can be changed by controlling the metal strip. The proposed circular polarizer structure is simple, which is realized by two crossed dipoles printed on the top and bottom of the printed circuit board (PCB), respectively. A microstrip coupled slot antenna is used to feed the polarizer. By controlling the PIN diode in the middle of the dipole, switching between two circular polarizations is realized. Based on the proposed antenna element, a 2×2 antenna array is implemented with a sequentially rotated feeding network. With the difference in the feeding phase, the radiation beam of the array can be changed while switching the polarization state. Measured results show that the antenna element achieves a peak gain of 6.4 dBic with an overall axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 2.44–2.5 GHz for both right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) and left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) with radiation efficiency of about −1 dB. The antenna array achieves 7.5 dBic (RHCP) and 10.8 dBic peak gains in the two pattern diversity states. The AR bandwidth of the array can cover the range from 2.28 to 2.5GHz. The proposed antenna features high efficiency, electronically reconfigurable polarization, and low cost, which is well suited for base station applications.
Fermi Velocity Modulation Induced Low‐Bias Negative Differential Resistance in Graphene Double Barrier Resonant Tunneling diode

Negative differential resistance (NDR) devices are adequate candidates for the functional devices applicable to the next‐generation integrated circuit technology so‐called “Beyond CMOS. ” Here, a graphene velocity‐modulation‐barrier resonant‐tunneling diode operating at room temperature is proposed. The current–voltage characteristics of the device are analyzed using the non‐equilibrium Green's function technique. It is found that the Fermi velocity barrier in the well/barrier region manipulates the tunneling transmission probability by suppressing the Klein region and improving the resonant tunneling leading to NDR. For special values of velocity barriers, resonant states have maximum alignment with each other which increases peak current with a high peak to valley ratio (PVR). The width and the position of the NDR window are controlled and engineered by the device dimensions and the height of potential barriers. The smaller the device showed the better the NDR properties such as larger current density and maximum PVR. Taken together, the results reveal that adequate magnitude of the Fermi velocity in graphene barrier can be an impressive concept for the fabrication of emerging tunneling devices.