Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Malnutrition Risk Among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Attending the Nephrology Clinic in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Pahang

Objective: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease among adult in Malaysia has been increasing and it is forecasted that the pattern will remain. The risk for malnutrition is prominent especially in the later stage of chronic kidney disease. Early detection of malnutrition is important to prevent further complications. However, limited studies on malnutrition risk has been conducted in Malaysia. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factor of malnutrition among chronic kidney disease patient attending Nephrology Clinic in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan, Pahang. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 70 chronic kidney disease patients using convenience sampling. All patients were explained about the study and informed consent obtained prior the administration of questionnaire. There were three parts of questionnaire to be answered which were on sociodemographic, clinical characteristic and dietary information along with Malnutrition Risk Screening Tool-Hospital to measure the risk for malnutrition. Results: Most of the participants were married (75.7%), had completed primary school (58.6%), currently not working (32.9%), had income between RM 1000 to RM 1999 (37.1%) and living with three or four members in a household (24.3%). Majority had at least one precipitating disease that causes chronic kidney disease such as hypertension (71.4%) followed by diabetes (61.4%) and high cholesterol (30.0%). Almost 21.4% of chronic kidney disease patients screened were at risk for malnutrition. Further inferential analysis shows an association between weight loss (p=0.001) towards risk for malnutrition. Conclusion: Overall, the risk for malnutrition among chronic kidney disease patient was fairly high. This warrant close attention of the healthcare professional that caring for the patients particularly in detection of detrimental weight loss during each follow up visit. A referral to the dietician is important to ensure the patients received adequate counselling and education on dietary management.
ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION WITH HAMSTRING AUTOGRAFT USING BIOABSORBABLE VERSUS TITANIUM INTERFERENCE SCREW IN TIBIAL TUNNEL IN GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL OF WEST NEPAL

Background: Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction can be performed both with titanium and bioabsorbable interference screws. The purpose of this study was to com­pare functional outcomes after reconstruction using these different implants. Methods: This was a retrospective study. Patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with ham­string autograft at Bheri hospital over the designed period were observed. Each group (titanium and bioabsorbable screws) consisting of 20 patients were compared using Lyshlom knee scores at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 24. Chi square test was applied for comparing functional outcomes. Confidence interval of 95%, p value less than 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Mean Lyshlom scores at 3, 6 and 12 months were 61.70, 69.60 & 85.90 for titanium group and 62.65, 70.95 & 84.65 for bioabsorbable screw group. The differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Functional outcomes at each follow up was equivalent among patients using either titanium or bioabsorbable screws.
Antidepressive-like Behavior-Related Metabolomic Signatures of Sigma-1 Receptor Knockout Mice

Sigma-1 receptor (Sig1R) has been proposed as a therapeutic target for neurological, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety. Identifying metabolites that are affected by Sig1R absence and cross-referencing them with specific mood-related behaviors would be helpful for the development of new therapies for Sig1R-associated disorders. Here, we examined metabolic profiles in the blood and brains of male CD-1 background Sig1R knockout (KO) mice in adulthood and old age and correlated them with the assessment of depression- and anxiety-related behaviors. The most pronounced changes in the metabolic profile were observed in the plasma of adult Sig1R KO mice. In adult mice, the absence of Sig1R significantly influenced the amino acid, sphingolipid (sphingomyelin and ceramide (18:1)), and serotonin metabolic pathways. There were higher serotonin levels in plasma and brain tissue and higher histamine levels in the plasma of Sig1R KO mice than in their age-matched wild-type counterparts. This increase correlated with the reduced behavioral despair in the tail suspension test and lack of anhedonia in the sucrose preference test. Overall, these results suggest that Sig1R regulates behavior by altering serotonergic and histaminergic systems and the sphingolipid metabolic pathway.
The Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase and tRNA Expression Levels Are Deregulated in Cancer and Correlate Independently with Patient Survival

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are essential enzymes that load amino acids to their cognate tRNA molecules. The expression of certain ARSs and tRNAs has been shown to be deregulated in cancer, presumably to accommodate elevated protein synthesis requirements. In this work, the expression of cytoplasmic ARSs and tRNAs in ten TCGA cancers has been systematically examined. ARSs were found to be mostly upregulated in tumours and their upregulation often correlated with worse patient survival. tRNAs were found to be either upregulated or downregulated in tumours and their expression sometimes correlated to worse survival outcomes. However, although the expression of most ARSs and tRNAs was deregulated in tumours when compared to healthy adjacent tissues, only in a few cases, and independently, did it correlate to patient survival. These data point to the general uncoupling of concomitant ARS and tRNA expression deregulation and patient survival, highlighting the different ARS and tRNA requirements in cancers.
Modelling and Control Development of a Cascaded NPC-Based MVDC Converter for Harmonic Analysis Studies in Power Distribution Networks

Today’s power distribution networks are predicted to incorporate more Power Electronics (PE)-based power conversion systems, widely acknowledged as harmonic sources. Concerns about power harmonic severity in the distribution networks can arise, especially with the growing numbers of Medium Voltage Direct Current (MVDC) systems, which are also facilitated by such power converters. Yet, an accurate harmonic model of the MVDC converter is required to investigate its harmonic emissions, propagations, effects, and solutions in today’s distribution networks. This article is devoted to the development of a detailed model of a cascaded Neutral Point-Clamped (NPC)-based MVDC converter for accurate harmonic analysis studies. An appropriate control system with a simple Proportional Integral (PI) controller tuned using the loop-shaping technique is developed. An interleaved Sinusoidal Pulse-Width Modulation (SPWM) scheme aiming to improve the harmonic performance of such an application is introduced. The detailed model of the MVDC system was developed using the Simulink/MATLAB simulation environment, for which the concept of operation was validated, control system performance was investigated, and the effectiveness of the harmonic reduction method was analysed. The key finding is that the interleaved SPWM technique has significantly reduced the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) to 2% with no significant even-order harmonic components in comparison to the reported models.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Low Temperature and Salt Tolerance in Grafted and Rootstock Seedlings Combined with Yield and Quality of Grafted Tomato

Environmental stress, especially in the form of low temperatures and salinity, has becomethe main limiting factor affecting the yield and quality of tomatoes in greenhouse production in China. Grafting, as an effective and sustainable strategy for improving plant stress tolerance, is closely related to rootstock properties and scion affinity. Here, 15 commercial rootstock genotypes were collected to investigate the differences in low temperatures and salt tolerance of rootstocks and grafted tomato seedlings in parallel, as well as well as the effect of grafting on the yield and quality of tomato. The results indicated that there were differences among rootstocks, and the resistance of grafted seedlings mainly depended on the characteristics of the rootstocks. We also found that the resistance of grafted seedlings was affected by the affinity between the scion and rootstock. Genotypes 6, 7, 11, and 14 showed advantages over the other genotypes in seedling growth, based on the fresh weight of the plants, the seedling index, and the root-shoot ratio. Genotypes 2, 7, 11, and 14 had greater total root lengths and higher numbers of root tips than other genotypes. These results showed that the significant increase in growth in the grafted tomato seedlings might have been attributable to the vigorous roots of the rootstocks. Genotypes 4, 7, 11, and 13 showed advantages with respect to low temperature stress, whereas genotypes 7, 11, 12, and 13 showed advantages with respect to salt stress. The salt tolerance of grafted tomato seedlings was influenced by both scion affinity and rootstock characteristics and was decreased by grafting. The highest yields were obtained from the grafted plants of genotypes 7 and 11, whose yields were 17.2% and 14.6% higher, respectively, than those of the control group. The rootstock genotype did not affect the fruit quality parameters, such as soluble protein content, titratable acidity, and total soluble solids content, and in most cases, the lycopene and ascorbic acid contents of the fruit increased. After considering the results pertaining to the stress tolerance of rootstocks in combination with fruit yield and quality, genotypes 7 and 11 were selected as potentially suitable tomato rootstock varieties for further large-scale applications. These results provide a new perspective for the study of rootstock characteristics and an important reference for grafted tomato cultivation in greenhouse production.
Racialized Employment Outcomes During Reentry: A Test of Competing Explanations

Although much literature has examined the racial gap in employment, relatively fewer efforts have been devoted to examining racialized employment outcomes in the context of reentry. The factors associated with the racial gap in post-release employment are largely unknown. Even less is known whether a disadvantage factor exerts disparate effects on minority and White returning citizens. Using longitudinal data documenting returning citizens’ social capital, health, neighborhood conditions, parole supervision, and employment outcomes over 15 months after release, this study extends prior studies by testing three competing explanations of the racial gap in post-release employment. Findings suggest that structural disadvantages and criminal history cannot fully explain the lower employment rates of Black returning citizens. Furthermore, this study did not find a significant race-specific effect of social capital on employment outcomes. Implications for reentry programing and interventions are discussed.
Aiding OpenFlow Controller by Enhancing OpenFlow's Control Model, and Behaviour of Flows

This paper shows our design of a hybrid control model for flow-based networks designed to aid the OpenFlow controller. There are many research efforts related to the flow-based networks; however, our work was inspired by OpenFlow (McKeown, et al., 2008) technology. OpenFlow is a promising future Internet enabling technology; especially that it was counted as a key enabler technology for Software Defined Networks (SDN) as explained in (Open Networking Foundation, 2012). And thus, it has a great potential to improve the current Internet by providing new functionalities and a new control scheme and thus enabling new smarter applications to be created. However, there have been some debates regarding the scalability of the OpenFlow's controller; this is due to the design of OpenFlow as it depends on a centralized controller to control flows. Our study aims to provide flow-based networks with a hybrid control model that combines both central control and distributed control, in order to provide a more relaxed control. This is done by designing two new features; network equipment to equipment flow installation, and a new type of proactive flows. Through which we aim to relieve some of the load off the central controller, make flow-based networks more self-aware, and provide a method to support flows with strict timing requirements. This hybrid control model is proposed as a step forward towards encouraging a wider adoption of flow-based networks as an easily programmed network that holds a great potential as a future Internet technology.
Planning Guide for a Total Market Approach to Increase Access to Family Planning: Toolkit and Glossary

PATH has drawn on its global experience from our total market approach (TMA) work in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Myanmar, Nicaragua, Uganda, and Vietnam to produce a TMA planning guide to increase access to family planning. The guide (Planning Guide for a Total Market Approach to Increase Access to Family Planning—Module 1: Landscape Assessment) and toolkit, produced by The Evidence Project, contain practical information and specific tools to help organizations and other planners conduct a landscape assessment, the first phase in developing a TMA. | These resources are part of a larger toolkit, which also includes an in-depth market analysis and two-volume handbook produced by MEASURE Evaluation, and a joint publication by all three projects (Guide for Assessing the Impact of a Total Market Approach to Family Planning Programs).
EXPLAINING THE RATIO OF FLEXIBILITY AND SPATIAL ORGANIZATION IN HOUSING

Architectural spaces with the capability of spatial organization and internal transformations can respond to a greater number of their users' needs at different times and thus provide more desirable performance than single-functional spaces. The necessity to access this ability is one of the subcategories of flexibility in housing as a contemplative subject. The purpose of this research is to provide an analytical model in relation to developing the means-end chain model and using its indicators to identify flexible house attributes perceived by users. Users of residential complexes in Tehran city are evaluated as a research society. The research method in the present study will be of mixed type and its performance method will be based on the survey. The results show that the spatial organization in residential complexes in Tehran city is based on the flexibility of the kitchen, living, dining, catering, and bedroom spaces. Accordingly, the most flexible features take place between them, which has led to the increased flexibility of spaces in relation to various activities. However, other spaces are just a place to do a specific activity, which confirms the reduction of their flexibility. Keywords: Flexible house, users' needs, architectural spaces.
Genetic composition and conservation status of coastal cutthroat trout ( Oncorhynchus clarki clarki ) in the San Juan Islands, Washington

Understanding the conservation status of native fish populations is increasingly important because they are put at risk by mounting anthropogenic pressures, including climate change. Conventional approaches to assess fish populations can be logistically challenging and cost-prohibitive. As a result, resource managers often make assumptions about the status of fish populations based on limited information. The watersheds of Washington’s San Juan Islands were considered too small to support wild salmonid populations. Many streams flow only seasonally, and all have been subjected to varying degrees of anthropogenic impacts affecting their ecological integrity. Nonetheless, we found that at least five watersheds in the archi-pelago support populations of coastal cutthroat trout ( Oncorhynchus clarki clarki ). To better understand the conservation status of coastal cutthroat trout populations there, we genotyped approximately fifty trout in each of three watersheds: Cascade and Doe Bay creeks on Orcas Island and Garrison Creek on San Juan Island. Results suggest that two watersheds support native populations and one supports naturalized hatchery fish. The likely native coastal cutthroat trout diversity documented in the two watersheds contributes to the overall diversity of the species, demonstrates that species’ resiliency, and provides justification for conservation measures. Effective management and conservation planning in data-limited situations requires the use of a precautionary approach. Population genetics provide a useful tool for identifying vulnerable fish populations and understanding their relationships with other conspecific populations. This information can inform restoration goals and help identify and prioritize restoration and protection measures.
Application of Structured Decision Making and Rapid Prototyping to Plan a Management 1 Response to Invasive Species: Hemlock Woolly Adelgid on the Cumberland Plateau in 2 Tennessee, USA.

1 Abstract 26 We designed an adaptive management framework for responding to invasion of hemlock 27 woolly adelgid on the Cumberland Plateau of northern Tennessee. Hemlock woolly adelgid, an 28 invasive forest pest, was first detected in this area in 2007. We used a structured decision making 29 process to identify and refine the management problem, objectives, and alternative management 30 actions, and assess consequences and trade-offs among selected management alternatives. We identified four fundamental objectives: 1) conserve the aquatic and terrestrial riparian conservation targets, 2) protect and preserve hemlock, 3) develop and maintain adequate budget, and address public concerns. We designed two prototype responses. By rapidly prototyping responses, insights were gained and shortcomings were identified, which were incorporated and corrected in subsequent prototypes. We found that objectives were best met when management focused on early treatment of lightly infested but relatively healthy hemlock stands with predator beetles. Also, depending on the cost constraint, early treatment should be coupled with management of moderately to severely-infested and declining hemlock stands to conversion to non-hemlock mature forest cover. The two most valuable contributions of the structured decision making process were 1) clarification and expansion of our objectives and 2) application of tools used to assess tradeoffs and predicting consequences of alternative actions. Predicting consequences the of on the we designing
Tales of Transition Paths : Policy Uncertainty and Monetary-Fiscal Interaction

What happens when ﬁscal and/or monetary policy change systematically? We build a DSGE model in which agents have to estimate ﬁscal and monetary policy rules and assess how this uncertainty surrounding the conduct of poli-cymakers inﬂuences transition paths after policy changes. We ﬁnd substantial eﬀects and uncover that policy changes of the magnitude often considered in the literature can lead private agents to hold substantially diﬀerent views about the nature of equilibrium than what a full information analysis would predict. comments we would like to seminar and conference participants at the Midwest Macro meetings (Columbia, the CEF meetings (Oslo), the Verein Socialpolitik (Hamburg) as Richard Clarida, Tim Cogley and Eric Leeper. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reﬂect those of the Deutsche Bundesbank, the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond or the Federal Reserve System. This project started while Matthes was visiting the Bundesbank, whose hospitality is gratefully acknowledged.
The Biopsychosocial Model and Medical Education

Elsewhere I have discussed the need for medicine to adopt a more inclusive scientific model if physicians in the future are to apply the same scientific rigor to the approach and understanding of patients and their care as they customarily apply to the diagnosis and treatment of disease.1 2 3 In this essay I address the question of who are to be the teachers of such a new scientific model. Because psychiatry has in the past had the main responsibility for education in, broadly speaking, the psychological and social aspects of medicine, it is widely assumed, especially by psychiatrists, that to psychiatry .
Hybrid MPPT-based predictive speed control model for variable speed PMSG wind energy conversion systems

In this research, a predictive speed control (PSC) technique based on permanent magnet synchronous generators is proposed for variable-speed wind energy conversion systems (VS-WECS) (PMSG). The control approach that has been developed makes it possible to regulate mechanical and electrical variables concurrently within the context of a single cost function. The power converter will then use the optimum switching state that will result in the lowest possible cost function when it has been chosen. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms used in the proposed control approach are combined in order to achieve optimum efficiency. As a direct result of this, the conventional cascade structure of proportional-integral (PI) controllers has been removed, which results in an improvement in the system's dynamic responsiveness. In addition, predictive current control, also known as PCC, is implemented on the grid-side converter, also known as the GSC, in order to accomplish decoupled grid current control. Using MATLAB/SIMULINK, we analyze the performance of the suggested control methods and compare it to the performance of a traditional PI speed controller. The findings demonstrated that the MPC controller is superior than the PI controller in terms of its ability to handle system dynamics.
Traffic flow data compression considering burst components

Many recent applications of intelligent transportation systems require both real-time and network-wide traffic flow data as input. However, as the detection time and network size increase, the data volume may become very large in terms of both dimension and scale. To address this concern, various traffic flow data compression methods have been proposed, which archive the low-dimensional subspace rather than the original data. Many studies have shown the traffic flow data consist of different components, i.e. low-dimensional intra-day trend, Gaussian type fluctuation and burst components. Existing compression methods cannot compress the burst components well and provide very limited choices of compression ratio (CR). A better compression method should have the ability to archive all the dominant information in different components of traffic flow data. In this study, the authors compare the influence of different data reformatting, archive the bursts defined before in descending order with respect to the absolute value of the burst points and propose a flexible compression framework to balance between burst components and low-dimensional intra-day trend. Experimental results show that the proposed framework promotes the reconstruction accuracy significantly. Moreover, the proposed framework provides more flexible choices with respect to CR, which can benefit a variety of applications.