Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Myth and Truth about Hypervisor-Based Kernel Protector : The Reason Why You Need ShadowBox Seunghun Han

We propose a security monitoring framework for operating systems, Shadow-box, exploiting state-of-the-art virtualization technologies. Shadow-box is primarily composed of a lightweight hypervisor and a security monitor. As being loaded on an operating system, the lightweight hypervisor prepares a guest machine and project the operating system upon the guest. The hypervisor partially shadows the guest kernel for the purpose of security investigation and recovery, and runs the security monitor to supervise accesses and sanity of the guest. We manipulate address translations from the guest to the physical memory in order to exclude unauthorized accesses to the host and the hypervisor spaces. In that way, Shadow-box can properly introspect the guest operating system and mediate all accesses, even when the operating system is compromised. The Shadow-box could be used for various security enforcements, such as malware filtering, information flow control, auditing, etc. We exemplify the security monitor by implementing an integrity protector for an operating system kernel, and show how it effectively neutralizes rootkits and malicious root accesses of malware in Linux and Android. Performance evaluation results are presented as well. Shadow-box provides stronger protections with less overhead than existing hypervisor-based security solutions. Moreover, all the protections are applied to an existing system on-the-fly. The hypervisor does not have to be installed antecedently.
Trunk Injection: A Discriminating Delivering System for Horticulture Crop IPM

Trunk injection technology represents an alternative delivery system to provide crop protection for horticultural crops of commercial and smallholder farmers in the developed and developing world. Field studies, laboratory bioassays, and residue profile analysis were used to determine the seasonal effectiveness of trunk injected insecticides against key apple insect pests. Insecticides formulated for trunk injection, imidacloprid, rynaxypyr, and emamectin benzoate were injected into semi dwarf Empire apple trees and evaluated for a wide range of insect pests. Imidacloprid controlled piercing and sucking pests, and emamectin benzoate controlled leaf rollers, Oriental fruit moth, and leafhoppers, and rynaxypyr controlled Oriental fruit moth and leaf rollers. The residue profiles for insecticides showed that vascular delivery was predominantly to foliage, with fruit residues far below the EPA maximum residue limits, and low to no residues detected in apple flower parts. These results suggest that trunk injection is a promising delivering system for plant protection materials for control of foliar pests, while minimizing impacts on natural enemies, eliminating spray drift, and reducing the pesticide load in the agro-ecosystem. For smallholder farmers this low-capital investment technology has the potential to significantly reduce the human health risks associated with pesticide use, while protecting high value horticultural crops from pests
Five-phase model of the intelligence cycle of Competitive Intelligence

In business Competitive Intelligence practice is often used four-phase model of intelligence cycle in Competitive Intelligence and Management, collection, analysis and distribution. Based on its 20 years of business experience, the author believes that this four-phase model CI cycle is suitable for simpler tasks of CI, or its use is appropriate in the particular circumstances of governmental organizations – e.g. CIA etc. But current business practice confronts Competitive Intelligence in a globalized world much more demanding tasks.For lack of basic four-step model of intelligence cycle author considers a substantial disparity of the data, information or snippets of information. It is these disparate elements, which then enter the next phase of the intelligence cycle – analysis. It is a fact that these figures, data or pieces of information can be well developed in the intelligence analysis only to a limited extent. Larger quantities of data have resulted in the high-quality processing. This leads top management to its strategic decision-making with less quality materials. These problems can be solved by using the five phase model of intelligence cycle in Competitive Intelligence.
The Interplay of Individual Student Characteristics and Gender in Physics Classroom Interactions

Verbal teacher-student interactions are a core element of physics instruction. This dissertation investigates how student profiles, gender, and teacher statements predict students’ learning processes in physics instruction. The results indicate that deep-reasoning teacher questions and feedback positively predict students’ learning processes. Interactions between student profiles, gender, and teacher statements show differential findings for students’ learning processes and provide a detailed view of teaching and learning processes in physics classrooms.
Risk Factors For Stunted Growth Among Children Aged 6–59 Months in Rural Uganda

Despite the agreed global and national stunting reduction targets, Uganda has made very little progress. Understanding context-specific risk factors for stunted growth is therefore pertinent to designing programs to address the problem. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 32 randomly selected villages in Buhweju district, Southwest Uganda. Data entry, cleaning and analysis were carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. A regression analysis was conducted to examine the associations between potential risk factors and stunted growth. The survey covered 256 households and anthropometric measurements were taken for 221 children aged 6–59 months. The majority of the households (66%) in the district were food insecure and had a low socioeconomic status (84%). The prevalence of stunting in Buhweju district was 51%, which is significantly higher than the regional and national averages. Only 28% of the children were exclusively breastfed in the first 6 months of life, and only 10% of them received the minimum acceptable diet (MAD). The findings of this study demonstrate that reductions in stunted growth at national or regional levels has not necessarily translated into similar trends in rural areas of Uganda. The notable contributors to stunting in these areas include morbidity, sub-optimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices, low consumption of animalsource foods, food insecurity, lack of access to high-quality drinking water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities and poverty. Increased investment in both nutrition specific and sensitive interventions is therefore crucial to address these risk factors. DOI : 10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-16-1408 Corresponding author: John Bukusuba, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bio-engineering, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, Tel: +256772683177, Email: jbuk2001ug@yahoo.com
Rational design of Rama-labeled nanoparticles for a dual-modaility , light scattering immunoassay on a polystyrene seubstrate

Background: Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful light scattering technique that can be used for sensitive immunoassay development and cell labeling. A major obstacle to using SERS is the complexity of fabricating SERS probes since they require nanoscale characterization and optical uniformity. The light scattering response of SERS probes may also be modulated by the substrate used for SERS analysis. A typical SERS substrate such as quartz can be expensive. Polystyrene is a cheaper substrate option but can decrease the SERS response due to interfering Raman emission peaks and high background fluorescence. The goal of this research is to develop an optimized process for fabricating Raman-labeled nanoparticles for a SERS-based immunoassay on a polystyrene substrate. Results: We have developed a method for fabricating SERS nanoparticle probes for use in a light scattering immunoassay on a polystyrene substrate. The light scattering profile of both spherical gold nanoparticle and gold nanorod SERS probes were characterized using Raman spectroscopy and optical absorbance spectroscopy. The effects of substrate interference and autofluorescence were reduced by selecting a Raman reporter with a strong light scattering response in a spectral region where interfering substrate emission peaks are minimized. Both spherical gold nanoparticles and gold nanorods SERS probes used in the immunoassay were detected at labeling concentrations in the low pM range. This analytical sensitivity falls within the typical dynamic range for direct labeling of cell-surface biomarkers using SERS probes. Conclusion: SERS nanoparticle probes were fabricated to produce a strong light scattering signal despite substrate interference. The optical extinction and inelastic light scattering of these probes was detected by optical absorbance spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. This immunoassay demonstrates the feasibility of analyzing strongly enhanced Raman signals on polystyrene, which is an inexpensive yet non-ideal Raman substrate. The assay sensitivity, which is in the low pM range, suggests that these SERS probe particles could be used for Raman labeling of cell or tissue samples in a polystyrene tissue culture plate. With continued development, this approach could be used for direct labeling of multiple cell surface biomarkers on strongly interfering substrate platforms.
Patterns of Traffic Accidents Among Elderly Pedestrians in Sweden

The objective of this study is to characterize the nature and space-time patterns of traffic accidents involving elderly pedestrians in Sweden, in order to suggest preventive measures. The analysis is based on elderly pedestrian accidents from 2010 to 2014 using an age adjusted standardized elderly accidents ratios (ASEAR), Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and spatial statistics techniques. Findings show that the geography of elderly traffic accidents is far from being homogenous across the country: although most accidents happen in urban municipalities, 30 per cent of municipalities classified as accessible rural exhibit relatively high-standardized accidents ratios. They happen often in daylight hours, on weekdays and in the coldest months of the year. Most of the cases are single accidents (e.g. self-inflicted fall); they happen in street segments/intersections and pedestrian/bicycle path, some affected by environment conditions such as icy or uneven surfaces. Findings of the study call for preventive actions that are sensitive to the nature of these accidents in different temporal and spatial contexts.
Productivity evaluation of lotic and lentic water body in Himachal Pradesh, India

Water is very important for the life of the organism and is most essential for living organism. There is a large number of aquatic organisms such as microscopic planktons and large aquatic animal which lives inside water. Water is present in a large amount on earth but very few are usable, no one can live without water.1–3 It is also called as the liquid of life and universal solvent because of its importance in the life of all living organism. Now a day, in both lentic and lotic water systems are getting polluted after mixing and contaminated with the discharge of domestic and industrial effluent wastes, leakage from water tanks, marine dumping, radioactive waste and atmospheric deposition.4–8 A major source of water pollution is like domestic sewage, industrialization, population growth, pesticides and fertilizer, plastic and polythene bags, urbanization and weak management system of governmental authority.9–11 The researcher found that 75 to 80% of water pollution is due to the domestic sewage.12 Due to direct discharge of domestic sewage into the river water system, rivers are breaking down with a high load of pollutants like toxicants, solid waste, plastic litters, and bacterial contaminants. All these factors or contaminants caused the deterioration of lotic and lentic water system. Industry caused 25% pollution to the water system because of the high level of toxic metals.13
2 Probeless Illumination Estimation for Outdoor Augmented Reality

Without doubt Augmented Reality (AR) has the potential to become a truely widespread technology. The mere concept of AR is immensely fascinating for a tremendous range of application areas, from surgery, over equipment maintenance, to more entertaining and educational applications. What drives most of the research in AR is the vision that one day we will be able to create real-time, interactive visual illusions as convincingly as we have become accostumed to seing in large Hollywood productions. Unfortunately, there are some technical challenges in reaching this goal. Generally, there are three major challenges associated with AR: 1) camera tracking (matching position and orientation of the camera to the coordinate system of the scene), 2) handling occlusions (having sufficient 3D information of the real scene to handle occlusion between real and virtual geometry), and 3) illumination consistency (having sufficient knowledge of the real scene illumination to be able to render virtual objects with scene consistent illumination, including shadows). This chapter addresses the latter of these challenges. Figure 1 shows how important it is to handle the dynamically changing illumination in outdoor scenarios when aiming at visually credible augmented reality (Jensen, Andersen, & Madsen, 2006). As will become apparent in the review of related work in section 2 the bulk of the work in illumination consistency for AR is based on measuring the illumination using some sort of known illumination calibration object, a probe. Obviously, for operational AR in outdoor scenes, with rapidly changing illumination, the requirement that the illumination be captured/measured is prohibitive.
Sequencing of 231 forensic genetic markers using the MiSeq FGx™ forensic genomics system – an evaluation of the assay and software

ABSTRACT The MiSeq FGx™ Forensic Genomics System types 231 genetic markers in one multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The markers include core forensic short tandem repeats (STRs) as well as identity, ancestry and phenotype informative short nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In this work, the MiSeq FGx™ Forensic Genomics System was evaluated by analysing reproducibility, sensitivity, mixture identification and forensic phenotyping capabilities of the assay. Furthermore, the genotype calling of the ForenSeq™ Universal Analysis Software was verified by analysing fastq.gz files from the MiSeq FGx™ platform using the softwares STRinNGS and GATK. Overall, the performance of the MiSeq FGx™ Forensic Genomics System was high. However, locus and allele drop-outs were relatively frequent at six loci (two STRs and four human identification SNPs) due to low read depth or skewed heterozygote balances, and the stutter ratios were larger than those observed with conventional STR genotyping methods. The risk of locus and allele drop-outs increased dramatically when the amount of DNA in the first PCR was lower than 250 pg. Two-person 50:1 mixtures were identified as mixtures, whereas 100:1 and 1 000:1 mixtures were not. Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) alleles were detected in the 100:1 and 1 000:1 female/male mixtures. The ForenSeq™ Universal Analysis Software provided the data analyst with useful alerts that simplified the analysis of the large number of markers. Many of the alerts were due to user-defined, locus-specific criteria. The results shown here indicated that the default settings should be altered for some loci. Also, recommended changes to the assay and software are discussed.
A WEB-BASED ENVIRONMENT FOR DOCUMENTATION AND SHARING OF ENGINEERING DESIGN KNOWLEDGE

This paper presents the foundation for a collaborative Web-based environment for improving communication by formally defining a platform for documentation and sharing of engineering design knowledge throughout the entire design process. In this work an ontological structure is utilized to concisely define a set of individual engineering concepts. This set of modular ontologies link together to create a flexible, yet consistent, product development knowledge-base. The resulting infrastructure uniquely enables the information stored within the knowledge-base to be readily inspectable and computable, thus allowing for design tools that reason on the information to assist designers and automate design processes. A case study of the structural optimization of a transfer plate for an aerospace circuit breaker is presented to demonstrate implementation and usefulness of the knowledge framework. The results indicate that the ontological knowledge-base can be used to prompt engineers to document important product development information, increase understanding of the design process, provide a means to intuitively retrieve information, and seamlessly access distributed information. © 2008 ASME
Leveling the field for tornado reports through time: Inflation-adjustment of annual tornado reports and objective identification of extreme tornado reports

The concept of a tornado “outbreak” is one that has an intuitive appeal. Galway (1975) pointed out the large number of fatalities associated with “family outbreaks” (Pautz 1969), as well as the apparent ability of forecasters to forecast them with greater skill than other tornadoes. Galway (1977) gave an overview of the problems with previous definitions of outbreaks and focused on events with at least 10 tornadoes occurring in a confined space and time. The increase in number of tornado reports over time opens the question of whether any arbitrary threshold for number of reports can hold for a lengthy period of time (Fig. 1). Since 1954, a linear regression fit to the number of annual tornado indicates an expected increase of about 13 tornado reports per year. Bruening et al. (2002) showed how such an approach to adjusting tornado reports for apparent inflation could be applied to looking at the progress of a tornado season through the year. (Whether a linear fit to the data is appropriate is open to question, although the impression of a large number of tornadoes in the early 1970s and a small number in the late 1980s fits with anecdotal evidence.) As a result, the mean expected number of annual tornado reports increased from 555 in 1954 to 856 in 1977 to 1183 in 2002. Clearly, interpretation of the importance of a single “big day” changes over that time. A 10-tornado day would have represented almost 2% of the expected number of tornadoes in 1954, but less than 1% today. Another appealing approach to identifying outbreaks is to include information about the intensity of events. For instance, the occurrence a certain number of tornadoes at or above a threshold on the Fujita scale might be used as evidence for an outbreak. There is evidence to suggest that stronger tornadoes have been reported more consistently through time (Brooks and Doswell 2001), so that the problem of report inflation seen in Fig. 1 might not be so great. Caution must still be exercised, however. The threshold for inclusion that is used and the number of reports that would qualify are both arbitrary. In addition, the number of years over which the assumption of higher quality observations holds true is open to question. Finally, by applying a minimum threshold for the Fujita scale, the number of events on a day is necessarily limited. As a result, problems with damage assessment become critical. For instance, if four tornadoes at or above a threshold are required for identification as an outbreak, then a 0 200 400 600 80
Jojoba Seed Yield Response to Water Stress under Circumstances of Sinai

Aims: This study aims to evaluate the five clones of jojoba plant under the influence of irrigation intervals and the impact on growth and yield of chemical content. Study Design: Two field experiments were carried out for five clones (S-L, S-610, S- 700, S-B and Statistical analyses and mean comparisons were conducted using MSTATC software. Results: The jojoba plant was affected by increased irrigation interval, and it was clear in all clones. Irrigation every three weeks had an impact of irrigation every week. The effect of irrigation interval varied from one clone to another and the lowest was s-700. The older seedlings are less affected by irrigation interval than small seedlings. The best results were category s-700 at the age of thirteen years and irrigation every two weeks. Conclusion: All variable of studied confirmed that clones of jojoba had a significant effect with irrigation interval at one week but decrease value at three weeks. Jojoba plants tolerance to water stress but irrigation interval every week increased seed yield.
Decline of the Endangered Barbary macaque Macaca sylvanus in the cedar forest of the Middle Atlas Mountains, Morocco

Abstract The Barbary macaque Macaca sylvanus, categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, is the only macaque species found outside Asia. Conservation concern for the species arises from habitat loss, overgrazing, cutting and collection of firewood and fodder, drought, and the illegal pet trade. Population estimates since 1975 suggest an overall decline. Macaques are considered economic pests in the Middle Atlas of Morocco because they strip cedar Cedrus atlantica bark. The Moroccan department of Eaux et Forêts considers the stripping a serious threat to the cedar forests and has suggested that the macaque population is increasing. The aims of this study were therefore to determine the current status of the macaque in the Middle Atlas and to assess the contradictory claim that the Barbary macaque population is increasing versus the conclusions of a 2002 study that the population is decreasing. We conducted 244 km of line transects from June to December 2005 in the Middle Atlas. Our results indicate densities of 12.1–28.2 km−2. These estimates are lower than earlier estimates of 43–70 km−2 and corroborate the results of the 2002 survey indicating that the macaque population is in decline. Human-induced habitat loss and capture of infants for the pet trade appear to be the two main factors driving the decline. We make recommendations to mitigate these threats.
Population genetic structure and taxonomy of the common dolphin (Delphinus sp.) at its southernmost range limit: New Zealand waters

New Zealand is the southernmost limit of the common dolphin’s (genus Delphinus) distribution in the Pacific Ocean. In this area, common dolphins occur in both coastal and oceanic habitats, exhibit seasonal and resident occurrence, and present high morphological variability. Here we investigated the population structure and the taxonomic identity of common dolphins (Delphinus sp.) within New Zealand waters using 14 microsatellite loci, 577 bp of the mtDNA control region, and 1,120 bp of the mtDNA cytochrome b gene across 90 individuals. We found high genetic variability and evidence of population expansion. Phylogenetic analyses conducted to clarify the taxonomic status of New Zealand common dolphins did not show any clustering reflecting geographic origin or morphotypes. The microsatellite analysis showed genetic differentiation between Coastal and Oceanic putative populations, while mtDNA revealed significant genetic differentiation only between the Hauraki Gulf and other putative groups. Our results suggest that differences in habitat choice and possible female site fidelity may play a role in shaping population structure of New Zealand common dolphins.