Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effacing the Dilemma of the Rumoring Subject: A Value- Oriented Approach towards Studying Misinformation on Social Media Abstract

Rumor has been part of collective human life for centuries. Communities deal with anxiety and make sense of the unknowable by mixing apprehensions with what is already known to them. With modernity, and in line with studies on a range of social phenomena, there have been efforts to develop a science on rumor. Most of these studies deal with rumor at the propositional level, such that the rumoring or rumor-rebutting subject invariably belongs to one of the two sides of the ‘true-false’ divide. Similar categories are followed in the study of rumor in social media, where the nodes in a rumor chain are, however, less hierarchical, and where images are increasingly used for persuasion. This paper, following a value-oriented approach, argues that the science on rumor has objectivized the problem, and has suggested instrumental solutions like enhancing the digital literacy of social media users. Whereas, a value position should ideally attempt to efface the dilemma of the rumoring/rumor-rebutting subject, and locate rumors within the larger socio-political and historical context of a society.
The concise Oxford dictionary of literary terms

This dictionary provides succinct and often witty explanations of over 1000 potentially troublesome terms encountered in the study of literature, from "absurd" to "zeugma". Fully cross-referenced, the entries cover prose, verse, drama, and literary theory from ancient Greece to contemporary schools, and give details of adjectival forms, derivations, and terms from languages and literatures other than English. The book is aimed at general readers; students (from the 6th Form upwards) and teachers of English literature; and those studying classical and modern European literature.
First Report of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Circulating Recombinant Form 02_AG Recombinant Strain of African Origin from North India

Problem statement: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 (HIV-1) displays extensive genetic diversity globally which poses a serious challenge in making efficacious vaccine and developing effective therapeutic interventions. HIV-1 epidemic in India is largely driven by genetic subtype C but lately a number of reports suggest the presence of circulating recombinant forms and unique recombinant forms from different states of India. Approach: We analyzed 13 envelope sequences spanning the region from V1-V5 from three regions of North India and subjected to extensive genetic analysis. Results: We identified equal numbers (n = 6) of subtype C and CRF02_AG recombinant strain and a single subtype B-specific envelope. The extensive phylogenetic analysis of our CRF02_AG strains indicate that they are closely related to Central and Central-West African strains. The analysis of intra-subtype nucleotide distance revealed that the subtype C sequences are significantly more divergent and diverse than CRF02_AG strains (p<0.004). Conclusion: Appearance of CRF02_AG strain of African origin among commercial sex workers from Delhi and Punjab region of India is reported for the first time which needs to be monitored for its pathogenesis and its ability to recombine with the circulating strains.
Payment Systems in the Accession Countries

Summary This paper makes a study of payment systems in the countries of the enlargement of the European Union for the period 1996-2003 and its comparison with the members of the European and Monetary Union. The general tendency is of a movement from cash to alternative instruments of payment. However, electronic means are not used very much and the importance of cash payments continues to be very high. Banking infrastructure, per capita income and interest rate explain mainly the extension and intensity of use of cards and cash as payment instruments. The comparison with the EU15 presents significant differences that will mean an important effort for the new members in reforming and adapting their systems to the actual uses and future payment developments of the EU15. This process will be crucial both for their euro integration and the design and implementation of the single monetary policy.
Fast and Efficient Bulk Multicasting over Dedicated Inter-Datacenter Networks

Several organizations have built multiple datacenters connected via dedicated wide area networks over which large inter-datacenter transfers take place. This includes tremendous volumes of bulk multicast traffic generated as a result of data and content replication. Although one can perform these transfers using a single multicast forwarding tree, that can lead to poor performance as the slowest receiver on each tree dictates the completion time for all receivers. Using multiple trees per transfer each connected to a subset of receivers alleviates this concern. The choice of multicast trees also determines the total bandwidth usage. To further improve the performance, bandwidth over dedicated inter-datacenter networks can be carved for different multicast trees over specific time periods to avoid congestion and minimize the average receiver completion times. In this paper, we break this problem into the three sub-problems of partitioning, tree selection, and rate allocation. We present an algorithm called QuickCast which is computationally fast and allows us to significantly speed up multiple receivers per bulk multicast transfer with control over extra bandwidth consumption. We evaluate QuickCast against a variety of synthetic and real traffic patterns as well as real WAN topologies. Compared to performing bulk multicast transfers as separate unicast transfers, QuickCast achieves up to $3.64\times$ reduction in mean completion times while at the same time using $0.71\times$ the bandwidth. Also, QuickCast allows the top $50\%$ of receivers to complete between $3\times$ to $35\times$ faster on average compared with when a single forwarding multicast tree is used for data delivery.
No-reference video quality assessment model based on eye tracking datas

This paper describes a novel no-reference video quality assessment (VQA) model which is based on eye tracking datas for H.264 coding videos.This assessment model is based on the blur and the blockiness. The eye tracking datas were used to the no-reference video quality assesment.The experimental results show that the assessment model has better performance in terms of both the prediction accuracy and the computation complexity. Keywords—No reference Video quality assessment , blurring , blocking,H.264, Region of interest(ROI),eye tracking.
LOFAR Surveys: a new window on the Universe Special issue Systematic effects in LOFAR data: A uniﬁed calibration strategy

Context. New generation low-frequency telescopes are exploring a new parameter space in terms of depth and resolution. The data taken with these interferometers, for example with the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR), are often calibrated in a low signal-to-noise ratio regime and the removal of critical systematic e ﬀ ects is challenging. The process requires an understanding of their origin and properties. Aim. In this paper we describe the major systematic e ﬀ ects inherent to next generation low-frequency telescopes, such as LOFAR. With this knowledge, we introduce a data processing pipeline that is able to isolate and correct these systematic e ﬀ ects. The pipeline will be used to calibrate calibrator observations as the ﬁrst step of a full data reduction process. Methods. We processed two LOFAR observations of the calibrator 3C196: the ﬁrst using the Low Band Antenna (LBA) system at 42–66MHz and the second using the High Band Antenna (HBA) system at 115–189MHz. Results. We were able to isolate and correct for the e ﬀ ects of clock drift, polarisation misalignment, ionospheric delay, Faraday rotation, ionospheric scintillation, beam shape, and bandpass. The designed calibration strategy produced the deepest image to date at 54MHz. The image has been used to conﬁrm that the spectral energy distribution of the average radio source population tends to ﬂatten at low frequencies. Conclusions. We prove that LOFAR systematic e ﬀ ects can be described by a relatively small number of parameters. Furthermore, the identiﬁcation of these parameters is fundamental to reducing the degrees of freedom when the calibration is carried out on ﬁelds that are not dominated by a strong calibrator.
Model order reduction for the time-harmonic Maxwell equation applied to complex nanostructures

Fields such as optical metrology and computational lithography require fast and efficient methods for solving the time-harmonic Maxwell's equation. Highly accurate geometrical modelling and numerical accuracy at low computational costs are a prerequisite for any simulation study of complex nano-structured photonic devices. We present a reduced basis method (RBM) for the time-harmonic electromagnetic scattering problem based on the hp-adaptive finite element solver JCMsuite capable of handling geometric and non-geometric parameter dependencies allowing for online evaluations in milliseconds. We apply the RBM to compute light-scattering at optical wavelengths of periodic arrays of fin field-effect transistors (FinFETs) where geometrical properties such as the width and height of the fin and gate can vary in a large range.
An approach in Market Residential Using Co-Integration Traditional Model

Using classical regression and Co-integration approach, this study investigates the short- term and long-term inflation hedging effectiveness of residential property in Third World Countries over the period 1980-2011.The Co-integration test used is the Autoregressive distributed lagged (ARDL) bounds testing approach of Pesaran et al. (2001) that based on the estimation of an unrestricted error correction model (UECM). This paper addresses one of the major problems of how to use a relatively small sample to estimate the long term relationships between variables using traditional Co-integration approaches that faced by many researchers in economic modeling. The results of actual inflation model show that the Third World Countries small and medium size residential property provides an effective hedge against actual inflation. The bounds testing results provide strong evidence to support the hypothesis that residential properties are effective long-term hedge against inflation. This study concludes that small and medium size residential property in Third World Countries have been a better short term and long term inflation hedge than large and luxury residential property, stock and time deposit.
Evaluation Of Conjoint Measurements For Lightweight Structural Panels

The aim of this paper is to prove the difference between full factorial and reduced orthogonal designs by using lightweight structural panel prototypes. These prototypes (16 different samples) were developed and built by students during their 3 semester of the degree program of “Design and Product Management” at Salzburg University of Applied Sciences. Wood processing companies in Salzburg and Southern Germany, as well as industrial designers, were chosen in order to test these prototypes. As a result, it could be proven that reduced research plans cannot be used without a loss of information. This is the outcome of a pre-study about an interdisciplinary student project. The students had to lead the entire process from building prototypes to analysing and interpreting the marketing research results to further implications.
EPQ model with scrap and backordering under Vendor managed inventory policy

This paper presents the economic production quantity (EPQ) models for the imperfect quality items produced with/without the presence of shortage condition. The models are presented in a two-level supply chain composed of a single manufacturer and a single buyer to investigate the performance of vendormanaged inventory (VMI) policy. The total costs are minimized to obtain the optimal production lot size and the allowable backorder level before and after applying VMI policy. Numerical examples and sensitivity analysis based on certain parameters are performed to show the capability of the proposed supply chain model enhanced with VMI policy.
Options for Managing a Systemic Bank Crisis

The on-going financial crisis results not from a cyclical or managerial failure, but from a structural one: more than 96 other major banking crises occurred over the past 20 years, and these crashes have happened under very different regulatory systems and at different stages of economic development. So far, conventional solutions are being applied—nationalization of the problem assets (as in the original Paulson bailout) or nationalization of the banks (as in Europe). These solutions only deal with the symptoms and not the systemic cause of today’s banking crisis. Similarly, the financial re-regulation that will be on everybody’s political agenda will, at best, reduce the frequency of such crises, but not avoid their re-occurrence. Better solutions are urgently needed because the last breakdown of this magnitude, the Great Depression of the 1930s, ended up in a wave of fascism and World War II. In this paper, we describe a recent conceptual breakthrough—based on the functioning of balanced ecosystems— that shows that all complex systems, including our monetary and financial ones, become structurally unstable whenever efficiency is overemphasized at the expense of diversity, interconnectivity and the crucial resilience they provide. The surprising insight from a systemic perspective is that sustainable vitality involves diversifying the types of currencies and institutions and introducing new ones that are designed specifically to increase the availability of money in its prime function as a medium of exchange, rather than for savings or speculation. Additionally, these currencies are expressly designed to link unused resources with unmet needs within a community, region or country. These currencies are know as complementary because they do not replace the conventional national money, but rather, operate in parallel with it. We propose that a systemic understanding and technical solution are now available that would ensure that such crashes become a phenomenon of the past. The most effective way for governments to support such a strategy of a more diverse and sustainable monetary ecology would be to accept a well-designed, robust complementary currency in partial payment of taxes during a period when banks are not in a position to fully finance the real economy. The choice of a complementary currency reflects both a technical issue (robustness and resilience against fraud) and a political one (what type of programs are desirable to support). A good candidate for consideration would be a professionally run business-to-business (B2B) complementary currency based on the model of the WIR system. This currency has been successfully operational for 75 years in Switzerland, involving a quarter of all the businesses in that country. Formal econometric analysis has proven that the WIR acts as a significant counter-cyclical stabilizing factor that explains the proverbial long-standing stability of the Swiss economy.
The content of weed seeds in the soil based on the management system

In 2008 an experiment was set up on the field in Eerika experimental station (Estonian University of Life Sciences) as a 5-field crop rotation: barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with undersown red clover, red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). The objective of the study was to measure the content of weed seeds in the soil and to evaluate the diversity of the species at the beginning of the period of organic production in 2011. In conventional farming systems without fertilizer (Con I) and conventional farming with mineral fertilizer (Con II) herbicides were used for weed control. All the crops in Con II system received P 25 kg ha and K 95 kg ha, but the application rates of mineral nitrogen fertilizer differed. In organic systems (Org I – organic farming based on winter cover crop and Org II – organic farming based on winter cover crop and manure), the winter cover crops (ryegrass after winter wheat, winter oilseed rape after pea, winter rye after potato) were sown after the harvest and were ploughed into the soil as green manure in spring. Organic farming systems (Org II) had a negative effect on the content of weed seeds in the soil (2.0–22.7% less seeds than in other variants). The seeds of Chenopodium album were the most abundant among summer annual weeds and the seeds of Viola arvensis among winter weeds in the soil. Organic farming measures increased the domination of Chenopodium album – the dominance index D’ was increased by 0.09–0.14 compared to conventional variants. The content of seeds of winter weed Viola arvensis in Org II variant was decreased by 82%. The index of species evenness J’ and Shannon Wiener diversity index H’ were lower in organic plots by 0.10–0.18 and 0.60–0.19, respectively. Org II variants showed the best results based on the decrease of soil weed seed bank and distribution of the weed species.
Physiological Response as Biomarkers of Adverse Effects of the Psychosocial Work Environment

Throughout medical history, measurement of hormones and other physiological parameters have been used in clinical settings with the purpose of detecting and monitoring progress of disease. During the past three or four decades, however, hormones and other physiological effect markers have been increasingly used in occupational settings for purposes of assessing the effects of psychosocial circumstances and of occupational stress. Accordingly, the focus has partly drifted from detecting and monitoring disease to including the detection and monitoring of precursors of disease and risk factors for poor health in otherwise healthy subjects before medical manifests. Because the majority of the workforce is in good health, differences in hormonal and other physiological parameters are often expected to be less pronounced than the differences that typically render clinical interest. Salivary cortisol has increasingly been used in the study of the responsiveness of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis in occupational stress studies and employed in both field studies and experimental studies (for review see (Chida & Steptoe, 2009)). The reason for the increasing use of salivary cortisol in occupational settings is that it is a simple, non-invasive, harm-free and pain-free measure that allows the longitudinal study of HPA-axis activity without substantial interference with the subject’s normal habits and environment. Since cortisol in saliva is stable for at least two week, it provides the possibility of self-sampling and mailing the samples by post (Garde & Hansen, 2005b). This chapter will use salivary cortisol as an example of a biomarker of adverse effects of work stress.
Cold Pain Threshold identifies a sub-group of patients with knee osteoarthritis that present with multimodality hyperalgesia and elevated pain levels

Objectives: Cold hyperalgesia has been established as an important marker of pain severity in a number of conditions. This study aimed to establish the extent to which patients with knee OA demonstrate widespread cold, heat and pressure hyperalgesia. OA subjects with widespread cold hyperalgesia were compared to the remaining OA cohort to determine if they could be distinguished in terms of hyperalgesia, pain report, pain quality and physical function. Methods: 80 subjects with knee OA and 40 matched healthy controls participated. OA participants completed a washout of their usual medication. Quantitative sensory testing (QST) was completed at three sites using standard methods. Cold and heat pain thresholds (CPT, HPT) were tested using a Peltier thermode and pressure pain thresholds (PPT) using a digital algometer. All subjects completed the SF-36 questionnaire and OA subjects completed the PainDETECT, WOMAC and PQAS questionnaires. Results: OA subjects demonstrated widespread cold hyperalgesia (p<0.0001), had lower PPT at the index knee (p<0.0001) compared to controls and reported decreased physical health on the SF-36 (p=0.01). The OA sub-cohort with high global CPT (≥12.25°C) exhibited multimodality sensitization compared to the remaining OA cohort (PPT p<0.0001, CPT p<0.0001, HPT p=0.021 Index knee). This group also reported increased pain, decreased function and more features of neuropathic pain. Discussion: This study identified a specific sub-group of patients with knee OA who exhibited widespread, multi-modality hyperalgesia, more pain, more features of neuropathic pain and greater functional impairment. Identification of patients with this pain phenotype may permit more targeted and effective pain management. (250 words)
Including accurate user estimates in HPC schedulers: ban empirical analysis

This article focuses on the problem of dealing with low accuracy of job runtime estimates provided by users of high performance computing systems. The main goal of the study is to evaluate the benefits on the system utilization of providing accurate estimations, in order to motivate users to make an effort to provide better estimates. We propose the Penalty Scheduling Policy for including information about user estimates. The experimental evaluation is performed over realistic workload and scenarios, and validated by the use of a job scheduler simulator. We simulated different static and dynamic scenarios, which emulate diverse user behavior regarding the estimation of jobs runtime. Results demonstrate that the accuracy of users runtime estimates influences the waiting time of jobs. Under our proposed policy, in a scenario where users improve their estimates, waiting time of users with high accuracy can be up to 2.43 times lower than users with the lowest accuracy.
Dark Matter without New Matter Is Compliant with General Relativity

A recent publication revealed unexpected observations about dark matter. In particular, the observed baryonic mass should probably be sufficient to explain the observed rotation curves (i.e. without dark matter) and their observations gave an empirical relation for weak accelerations. This present work demonstrated that the equations of general relativity allow explaining the term of dark matter (without new matter) in agreement with the results of this publication and allow retrieving this empirical relation (observed values and characteristics of this correlation’s curve). These observations constrain drastically the possible gravitational potential in the frame of general relativity to explain the term of dark matter. This theoretical solution has already been studied with several unexpected predictions that have recently been observed. For example, an article revealed that early galaxies (ten billion years ago) didn’t have dark matter and a more recent paper showed unlikely alignments of galaxies. To finish the main prediction of this solution, it is recalled: the term of dark matter should be a Lense-Thirring effect, around the earth, of around 0.3 and 0.6 milliarcsecond/year.