Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Homologous Recombination Deficiency Scar: Mutations and Beyond—Implications for Precision Oncology

Simple Summary A characteristic across several cancer types is a homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). HRD is associated with a better response to several anticancer therapies. Adequate assessment of HRD can therefore improve the outcome of such therapies. However, current methods to assess HRD are insufficient, leading to an underestimation of patients with HRD. This review discusses more accurate methods to detect HRD and how these can be applied for more personalized cancer treatment. Abstract Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is a prevalent in approximately 17% of tumors and is associated with enhanced sensitivity to anticancer therapies inducing double-strand DNA breaks. Accurate detection of HRD would therefore allow improved patient selection and outcome of conventional and targeted anticancer therapies. However, current clinical assessment of HRD mainly relies on determining germline BRCA1/2 mutational status and is insufficient for adequate patient stratification as mechanisms of HRD occurrence extend beyond functional BRCA1/2 loss. HRD, regardless of BRCA1/2 status, is associated with specific forms of genomic and mutational signatures termed HRD scar. Detection of this HRD scar might therefore be a more reliable biomarker for HRD. This review discusses and compares different methods of assessing HRD and HRD scar, their advances into the clinic, and their potential implications for precision oncology.
Effects of Different Lipopolysaccharide Doses on Short- and Long-Term Spatial Memory and Hippocampus Morphology in an Experimental Alzheimer’s Disease Model

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia. Various animal models are widely used to investigate its underlying mechanisms, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation models. Aim: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of different doses (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 mg/kg) of LPS on short- and long-term spatial memory and hippocampal morphology in an experimental AD mouse model. Materials and methods: Twenty-four adult male Swiss mice (SWR/J) weighing 18–25 g were divided into four groups: control, 0.25 mg/kg LPS, 0.50 mg/kg LPS, and 0.75 mg/kg LPS. All groups were treated with LPS or vehicle for 7 days. Behavioral tests were started (Morris water maze for 6 days and Y maze for 1 day) on the last 2 days of injections. After the behavioral procedures, tissues were collected for further histological investigations. Result: All LPS doses induced significant short- and long-term spatial memory impairment in both the Y maze and Morris water maze compared with the control group. Furthermore, histological examination of the hippocampus indicated degenerating neurons in both the 0.50 mg/kg and 0.75 mg/kg LPS groups, while the 0.25 mg/kg LPS group showed less degeneration. Conclusion: our results showed that 0.75 mg/kg LPS had a greater impact on early-stage spatial learning memory and short-term memory than other doses. Our behavioral and histological findings suggest 0.75 mg/kg LPS as a promising dose for LPS-induced AD models.
Release Profile of Gentamicin Sulfate from Polylactide-co-Polycaprolactone Electrospun Nanofiber Matrices

The advent and growth of resistance phenomena to antibiotics has reached critical levels, invalidating the action of a majority of antibiotic drugs currently used in the clinical field. Several innovative techniques, such as the nanotechnology, can be applied for creating innovative drug delivery systems designed to modify drug release itself and/or drug administration route; moreover, they have proved suitable for overcoming the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance. Electrospun nanofibers, due to their useful structural properties, are showing promising results as antibiotic release devices for preventing bacteria biofilm formation after surgical operation and for limiting resistance phenomena. In this work gentamicin sulfate (GS) was loaded into polylactide-co-polycaprolactone (PLA-PCL) electrospun nanofibers; quantification and in vitro drug release profiles in static and dynamic conditions were investigated; GS kinetic release from nanofibers was studied using mathematical models. A preliminary microbiological test was carried out towards Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria.
Effects of exogenous calcium on the drought response of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze)

Background Drought is one of the major factors reducing the yield of many crops worldwide, including the tea crop (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). Calcium participates in most of cellular signaling processes, and its important role in stress detection and triggering a response has been shown in many crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible effects of calcium on the tea plant response to drought. Methods Experiments were conducted using 3-year-old potted tea plants of the best local cultivar Kolkhida. Application of ammonium nitrate (control treatment) or calcium nitrate (Ca treatment) to the soil was performed before drought induction. Next, a 7-day drought was induced in both groups of plants. The following physiological parameters were measured: relative electrical conductivity, pH of cell sap, and concentrations of cations, sugars, and amino acids. In addition, relative expression levels of 40 stress-related and crop quality–related genes were analyzed. Results Under drought stress, leaf electrolyte leakage differed significantly, indicating greater damage to cell membranes in control plants than in Ca-treated plants. Calcium application resulted in greater pH of cell sap; higher accumulation of tyrosine, methionine, and valine; and a greater Mg2+ content as compared to control plants. Drought stress downregulated most of the quality-related genes in both groups of tea plants. By contrast, significant upregulation of some genes was observed, namely CRK45, NAC26, TPS11, LOX1, LOX6, Hydrolase22, DREB26, SWEET2, GS, ADC, DHN2, GOLS1, GOLS3, and RHL41. Among them, three genes (LOX1, RHL41, and GOLS1) showed 2–3 times greater expression in Ca-treated plants than in control plants. Based on these results, it can be speculated that calcium affects galactinol biosynthesis and participates in the regulation of stomatal aperture not only through activation of abscisic-acid signaling but also through jasmonic-acid pathway activation. These findings clarify calcium-mediated mechanisms of drought defense in tree crops. Thus, calcium improves the drought response in the tea tree.
Influence of Temperature on Lithium-ion Battery Discharge and Economy of Heating System

Lithium-ion battery energy storage system is of positive significance for improving the flexibility of the power system with a high proportion of new energy integration. Along with their high energy or power densities, portability, and promising life cycle, lithium-ion batteries have a large advantage in the application of energy storage systems. However, the lithiumion battery characteristics are appreciably affected by temperature. In the low-temperature environment, there is a deterioration of power characteristics, the life-cycle, as well as the available capacity in energy storage, which is not conducive to the development of energy storage. In this paper, the lithium-ion temperature-dependent battery model with its control strategy is constructed, and the discharge characteristics of the battery are simulated at different temperatures. Then, the heating model is proposed to alleviate the performance degradation of lithium-ion batteries at low temperatures. Finally, from the economic point of view, the optimal preheating target temperature is obtained considering the energy consumed by the preheating system and the increased discharge energy after preheating.
Instability of an inviscid flow between porous cylinders with radial flow

Abstract The stability of a two-dimensional inviscid flow in an annulus between two permeable cylinders is examined. The basic flow is irrotational, and both radial and azimuthal components of the velocity are non-zero. The direction of the radial flow can be from the inner cylinder to the outer one (the diverging flow) or from the outer cylinder to the inner one (the converging flow). It is shown that, independent of the direction of the radial flow, the basic flow is unstable to small two-dimensional perturbations provided that the ratio of the azimuthal component of the velocity to the radial one is sufficiently large. The instability is oscillatory and persists if the viscosity of the fluid is taken into consideration.
Simulating electrical trees propagation using a kinetic model and cellular automata

Electrical trees are a mechanism of failure in solid polymeric insulating systems. There are different approaches for modeling electrical trees propagation. One of these methods postulates that trees grow due to mechanical strains produced by the electric field. One example of this approach is the kinetic model, which proposes that the tree grows by bridging micro-cracks. This model has been used to obtain the time to breakdown; however, the modeling of electrical trees’ propagation process has never been included. In this work, the cellular automata technique is used to apply a kinetic model to the propagation process of electrical trees. From this model, treeing structures for specific configurations are generated. The relation between the micro-crack size and the branches’ average width is also analyzed.
Economic Payback Time of Battery Pack Replacement for Hybrid and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

This article investigates the economic viability of replacing the high-voltage battery pack of a power-split hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) by estimating the impact of battery aging on the fuel economy, drivability capability, and electric range. The HEV is modeled first, an optimal energy management strategy based on dynamic programming is then implemented, and experimental characterization data for the battery cell is presented. The batteries are tested to a heavily aged state, with up to an 84% loss of capacity. The battery pack payback period is estimated by assessing the vehicle operative costs in terms of fuel and electricity as obtained through numerical simulations as a function of battery aging. Replacing the battery pack at the conventional end-of-life limit of 80% residual capacity is suggested not to be convenient from an economic standpoint for both the HEV and the PHEV. On the other hand, acceptable payback periods (i.e., 2–5 years) can be achieved for the battery pack when being replaced at 20% to 40% residual capacity. The proposed methodology can be implemented to advise an HEV or PHEV user regarding the benefit of replacing the battery pack due to excessive aging.
Risk Factors for Problematic Drinking in One’s Thirties and Forties: A Longitudinal Analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study

Alcohol drinking and risk factors for problematic drinking may vary across a lifespan. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for problematic drinking in men and women in their thirties and forties. Alcohol drinking and potential risk factors for problematic drinking were assessed at ages 30, 34, 42, and 46 in the 1970 British Cohort Study. Multilevel models included 10,079 observations in 3880 men and 9241 observations in 3716 women. In men, formerly smoking, currently smoking, having a degree, having malaise, and having a mother who drank while pregnant were independently associated with increased risk of problematic drinking. In women, formerly smoking, currently smoking, being physically active in one’s leisure time, having a degree, having a managerial or professional occupation, having malaise, and having a mother who drank while pregnant were independently associated with increased risk of problematic drinking. In men and women, cohabiting as a couple was associated with decreased risk of problematic drinking. This study suggests that several risk factors may be associated with problematic drinking in men and women in their thirties and forties. Policy makers should consider the role of modifiable risk factors in the prevention of problematic drinking.
Identification of the potential key genes for adipogenesis from human mesenchymal stem cells by RNA‐Seq

Adipogenesis, a physiological process initiated with the committed preadipocytes expressing adipocyte‐specific genes and terminated in mature, differentiated and functional adipocytes, mainly involved with energy homeostasis. Abnormal distribution‐changes and dysfunctions in adipogenesis may lead to complex physiopathological disorders. However, it remains unclear for the key players working for the whole complex differentiating process of adipogenesis. Here, it investigated transcriptional profiling of adipogenesis from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) by RNA‐Seq transcriptome technique. Oil Red O staining assays were performed to assess adipogenic potential. Quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) and lentivirus transfection assays by small interference RNA (siRNA) were conducted to confirm the function of the candidate genes. A total of 1,078 differentially expressed genes shared at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days during adipogenesis from hMSCs, and 706 genes were significantly differentially expressed. It identified 20 potential key genes responsible for adipogenesis with four genes downregulating. The candidate gene, coagulation factor II thrombin receptor (F2R), encoding coagulation factor II thrombin receptor involving with a 7‐transmembrane receptor involved in the regulation of thrombotic response, also known as proteinase‐activated receptor‐1, contributed to adipogenesis, especially at Day 14, by Oil Red O staining, qRT‐PCR, and western blot after siRNA. A unique discovery shed new light to understand the key players of the whole processes of adipogenesis from hMSCs. The gene F2R might be used as an adipogenic marker to provide a potential target for understanding the metabolic syndromes like obesity, type‐2 diabetes, steatosis, atherosclerosis, and osteoporosis.
Performance Evaluation of the DEMON Processor for Sonar

The Detection of Envelope Modulation on Noise (DEMON) is a processing technique used in SONAR for the detection and classification of underwater signatures produced by a target. This technique utilizes modulation analysis to determine the frequencies that modulate the broadband cavitation noise produced by marine vessel propellers. The paper discusses the details of DEMON processing and how it aids in classification. The paper also discusses the effect of the dual shaft propeller and how it will be manifested in the DEMON processor output. It also deals with the simulated signals to check the DEMON processor in a lab environment.
Predictive Factors for Anastomotic Leakage after Laparoscopic and Open Total Gastrectomy: A Systematic Review

The aim of this systematic review is to identify patient-related, perioperative and technical risk factors for esophago-jejunal anastomotic leakage (EJAL) in patients undergoing total gastrectomy for gastric cancer (GC). A comprehensive literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus databases was performed. Studies providing factors predictive of EJAL by uni- and multivariate analysis or an estimate of association between EJAL and related risk factors were included. All studies were assessed for methodological quality, and a narrative synthesis of the results was performed. A total of 16 studies were included in the systematic review, with a total of 42,489 patients who underwent gastrectomy with esophago-jejunal anastomosis. Age, BMI, impaired respiratory function, prognostic nutritional index (PNI), alcohol consumption, chronic renal failure, diabetes and mixed-type histology were identified as patient-related risk factors for EJAL at multivariate analysis. Likewise, among operative factors, laparoscopic approach, anastomosis type, additional organ resection, blood loss, intraoperative time and surgeon experience were found to be predictive factors for the development of EJAL. In clinical setting, we are able to identify several risk factors for EJAL. This can improve the recognition of higher-risk patients and their outcomes.
Spermine is a potent plant defense activator against gray mold disease on Solanum lycopersicum, Phaseolus vulgaris and Arabidopsis thaliana.

Polyamines (PAs) are ubiquitous aliphatic amines that play important roles in growth, development and environmental stress responses in plants. In this study, we report that exogenous application of spermine (Spm) is effective in the induction of resistance to gray mold disease, which is caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea, on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and Arabidopsis thaliana [L. ] Heynh. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a priming role for the Spm molecule in Arabidopsis, resulting in strong upregulation of several important defense-associated genes, particularly those involved in systemic-acquired resistance. Microscopic analysis confirmed that Spm application potentiates endogenous defense responses in tomato leaves through the generation of reactive oxygen species and the hypersensitive response, which effectively contained B. cinerea growth within the inoculated area. Moreover, co-application of Spm and salicylic acid resulted in a synergistic effect against the pathogen, leading to higher levels of resistance than those induced by separate applications of the two compounds. The Spm plus salicylic acid treatment also reduced infection in systemic, non-treated leaves of tomato plants. Our findings suggest that Spm, particularly when applied in combination with salicylic acid, functions as a potent plant defense activator that leads to effective local and systemic resistance against B. cinerea.
Fatal Lodderomyces elongisporus Fungemia in a Premature, Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Neonate

Many rare yeasts are emerging as pathogens, causing invasive infections in susceptible hosts that are associated with poor clinical outcome. Here, we describe the first and fatal case of Lodderomyces elongisporus fungemia in a premature, extremely low-birth-weight neonate after spontaneous vaginal delivery. The bloodstream isolate was identified as C. parapsilosis by the VITEK 2 yeast identification system and as L. elongisporus by PCR-sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA. Antifungal susceptibility testing data for the isolate, performed by the broth microdilution-based MICRONAUT-AM assay, showed susceptibility to all nine antifungal drugs tested. Despite the initiation of treatment with liposomal amphotericin B, the patient died on the same day that the blood culture yielded yeast growth. This is the first report of L. elongisporus bloodstream infection in a neonate as the previous nine cases reported in the literature occurred in adult patients. The crude mortality rate for invasive L. elongisporus infection is 50%, as only 5 of 10 patients survived.
Financial Reporting Quality, Tax Avoidance, Debt Maturity, and Investment Efficiency: The Moderating Role of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure

This research investigates the influence of financial reporting quality, tax avoidance, and debt maturity on investment efficiency in Indonesia. This study also examines the role of corporate social responsibility disclosure as a moderating variable. Samples of manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia between 2014 and 2019 were selected (414 observations). Using panel regression, this study unveiled a positive effect of financial report quality, while a negative effect of tax avoidance and debt maturity on investment efficiency. Corporate social responsibility disclosure fails to moderate the impact of financial report quality and tax avoidance on investment efficiency. In contrast, corporate social responsibility disclosure strengthens the influence of debt maturity on investment efficiency. This study suggests that the Indonesian Tax Authority needs to improve its supervision on Indonesian companies to suppress tax avoidance by companies that may reduce investment efficiency.
Performance of a Chest Radiography AI Algorithm for Detection of Missed or Mislabeled Findings: A Multicenter Study

Abstract Purpose: We assessed whether a CXR AI algorithm was able to detect missed or mislabeled chest radiograph (CXR) findings in radiology reports. Methods: We queried a multi-institutional radiology reports search database of 13 million reports to identify all CXR reports with addendums from 1999–2021. Of the 3469 CXR reports with an addendum, a thoracic radiologist excluded reports where addenda were created for typographic errors, wrong report template, missing sections, or uninterpreted signoffs. The remaining reports contained addenda (279 patients) with errors related to side-discrepancies or missed findings such as pulmonary nodules, consolidation, pleural effusions, pneumothorax, and rib fractures. All CXRs were processed with an AI algorithm. Descriptive statistics were performed to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the AI in detecting missed or mislabeled findings. Results: The AI had high sensitivity (96%), specificity (100%), and accuracy (96%) for detecting all missed and mislabeled CXR findings. The corresponding finding-specific statistics for the AI were nodules (96%, 100%, 96%), pneumothorax (84%, 100%, 85%), pleural effusion (100%, 17%, 67%), consolidation (98%, 100%, 98%), and rib fractures (87%, 100%, 94%). Conclusions: The CXR AI could accurately detect mislabeled and missed findings. Clinical Relevance: The CXR AI can reduce the frequency of errors in detection and side-labeling of radiographic findings.
Effect of Different Solvents on Extraction of Phenolic Antioxidants by Reflux Method from Wild Pomegranate Flavedo, their Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties

al. : Extraction of Phenolic Antioxidants from Wild Pomegranate Flavedo by Reflux Method In this study wild pomegranate flavedo powder was used for the extraction of phenolics through various solvents by reflux method. A significant difference in all parameters was observed among the different extracts with varying solvents and extraction time after oven drying. The highest total phenolics, total flavonoids, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power and metal chelating activity among different extracts of wild pomegranate flavedo were recorded when combination of ethanol and distilled water in the ratio of 50:50 was used (1 h extraction time) after oven drying. Cluster analysis based on Ward’s method showed that all treatments were divided in nine major groups and three major clusters after the application of cluster analysis. The two best selected extracts were further compared after drying in lyophilizer and tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli for antibacterial activity. In conclusion, ethanol and distilled water lyophilized extract contained higher bioactive compounds than oven dried extract, which have higher antioxidant and antibacterial effects and could be useful in the extraction of natural antioxidants. The study concluded that fruit flavedo is rich source of total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity which have beneficial natural antioxidants for health and have many health promoting properties which makes the flavedo suitable for future processing into various functional/nutraceutical foods.