Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Projection of Wind Energy Potential over Northern China Using a Regional Climate Model

With the purpose of achieving carbon emission reduction targets, the wind power industry has developed rapidly in recent years. Wind power is greatly affected by climate change, and the increase or decrease of wind speed directly affects wind energy production. Based on the numerical simulation results from a high-resolution (~ 25 km) regional climate model PRECIS, we analyze the changes of future wind speed and wind power potential in the "Three North" (TN) region in China. Firstly, we verify whether the PRECIS can capture the current spatiotemporal patterns in simulating the wind speed compared with observation (CN05.1). The results show PRECIS has a good ability in reproducing the spatiotemporal patterns of wind speed in the eastern part of the TN region, but still has great uncertainty in the northwest. In the future, the projected wind power density in the TN region will increase by about 0.7% in the middle of the 21st century, but will drop significantly in the end of the century (about −3.32%). Furthermore, Wind power density will increase significantly in winter. However, the wind speed in spring and summer will generally decrease. It is predicted that most of the Northwest (NW) and North (N) will have strong inter-annual variability in the middle of this century, and will be more stable at the end of this century. It should be noted that the potential of wind energy in Northeast (NE) will grow steadily in this century, which will have certain guiding significance for future wind power planning in this region.
Why Do We Drop Out? Typology of Dropping Out of High School

We assessed how high school dropouts in Croatia interpret their school experiences and life circumstances, using semi-structured interviews of 20 young people, M (SD) = 18.4 (1.23) years, 63.6% male, based on questions following a chronological life course from elementary to high school. Using qualitative content analysis and cluster analysis, we yielded a typology of high school dropouts. Four high school dropout types were identified based on the factors leading to dropout: (a) the poor academic achievers, (b) the quiet dropouts, (c) the maladjusted dropouts, and (d) the stressed dropouts. Our findings confirm the previously reported role of poor academic achievement and externalizing problems in high school dropout and additionally highlight the importance of internalizing problems and highly stressful life events for dropout risk.
Non-routine problem solving performances of mathematics teacher candidates

The aim of this study is to determine the non-routine problem solving performances of mathematics teacher candidates. A descriptive survey model was used for this work and it was conducted with 50 teacher candidates studying elementary mathematics teaching in a medium-sized university in Turkey. To determine the non-routine problem solving performance of the teacher candidates, open ended non-routine problems were prepared according to an expert’s opinion. Firstly, the data obtained were examined with a holistic rubric to know the problem solving levels of the teacher candidates and secondly the levels of the teacher candidates for each problem solving step of Polya were evaluated with a two point scale. When the problem solving performances of the teacher candidates were examined in a holistic manner, it was concluded that their performance is low when the difficult level of problem is raised. From the results, it was determined that teacher candidates mostly tended to go through a solution by trying to use arithmetic operations to solve non-routine problems. As a result, it was suggested to examine teacher candidates’ problem solving knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge and to re-evaluate the results of the research with different question types. Key words: Non-routine problem, Mathematics teacher candidates, Mathematics education.
A −197.3-dBc/Hz FoMT Wideband LC-VCO IC With a Single Voltage-Controlled IMOS-Based Novel Varactor in 40-nm CMOS SOI

A wideband LC-VCO IC with an Inversion-MOS (IMOS)-based novel varactor is proposed in this article. The novel varactor that consists of an IMOS and a fixed metal–insulator–metal (MIM) capacitor is able to provide a continuous tuning range with a single analog control voltage. The proposed VCO IC is designed, fabricated, and fully evaluated on the wafer in 40-nm CMOS SOI. The proposed wideband VCO IC has exhibited a tuning range of 40.3% from 4.14 to 6.23 GHz and a measured FoMT of −197.3 dBc/Hz under a supply voltage of only 0.34 V.
A Lightweight Identity-Based Signature Scheme for Mitigation of Content Poisoning Attack in Named Data Networking With Internet of Things

Named Data Networking (NDN) is one of the future envisioned networking paradigm used to provide fast and efficient content dissemination with interest-based content retrieval, name-based routing and in-network content caching. On the one hand, this new breed of future Internet architecture is becoming a key technology for data dissemination in the IoT networks; on the other hand, NDN suffers from new challenges in terms of data security. Among them, a content poisoning attack is the most common data security challenge. The aim of this attack is to inject poisoned content with an invalid signature to the network. Therefore, to prevent NDN against possible content poisoning attack, a signature of the contents is appended to each data packet for verifications. In this paper, we propose an identity-based signature scheme for IoT-based NDN networks, with a special emphasis on content integrity and authenticity. The proposed scheme is based on the concept of the Hyperelliptic curves, which provide the same level of security as Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA), Bilinear pairing and Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems (ECC) with lower-key size. The proposed scheme is subject to both formal and informal security analysis in order to show the feasibility of our scheme. Finally, the performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed via comparison with the relevant existing schemes that authenticates the superiority of our scheme in terms of security and efficiency.
Conservation of Gene Resources for the Improvement of Native Species in Australia

SUMMARY Recent studies with some native species have demonstrated the presence of considerable genetic variability between populations (or provenances), and have shown that local populations are not necessarily the best in terms of growth rate or other qualities. Increases in productivity would result from extensive use of the better provenances but unfortunately knowledge of the genetic resources in the more important species is still rather limited. Genetic change is taking place in Australian forests as a result of forestry practices, particularly by direct seeding and planting, and the original gene pools are being replaced by introduced gene pools, usually of unknown quality. Two lines of action are proposed: 1. Samples of the gene pools of each important species should be conserved for future reference. The concept and application of genetic reserves (Yeatman 1972) is outlined. These are areas in which the genes are conserved, but not necessarily the trees. 2. A comprehensive programme should be und.
Glacier Changes and Their Linkage to the Climate-Topographic Context in the Borohoro Mountains, Tian Shan 1977–2018

Against the backdrop of climate change and socio-ecological sustainability, studying glacier changes provides essential knowledge to the basic water needs and security for regions and populations under such threats, such as Central Asia. Little attention has focused on glaciers in the northern periphery of the Chinese Tian Shan. This study aims to map a recent glacier inventory and examine the glacier area shrinkage and surface elevation change for the central massif of the Borohoro Mountains in the past 41 years. Using declassified Hexagon images (1977), Landsat 5 TM (1994 and 2007), Sentinel 2A (2018) and altimetry data from the Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) over 2003–2009 with the 30-m Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model, multi-temporal glacier fluctuations and the influence of topographic and climatic factors were investigated. Results show that the glacier area decreased from 287.5 ± 8.2 km2 in 1977 to 215.8 ± 4.1 km2 in 2018, at a rate of 0.61 ± 0.01% year−1. Glacier disintegration has led to a gradual increase in the number of glaciers and reached 224 glaciers in 2018. The shrinkage was at the highest rate during the 1994–2007 period and the smallest during 1977–1994. Glacier size, hypsometry, and median, maximum, and range of elevation are the most significantly correlated parameters with the relative area change. The surface elevation changes from two of the largest glaciers revealed a stronger thinning on the southern slope compared to the northern slope. These observations of glacier loss are primarily driven by the marked warming trend since the 1970s and confirmed with the overall pattern of glacier retreat in the Tian Shan from previous studies.
Contrasting influence of flow regime on freshwater fishes displaying diadromous and nondiadromous life histories

Flow variability structures freshwater fish community traits and life-history patterns such as migration patterns between fresh and saltwater (diadromy). Few studies, however, have explored relationships between diadromy and flow regime while accounting for other abiotic covariables. The present paper used canonical ordinations to remove the shared variation between groups of explanatory variables that explain variation in fish communities and examine two objectives with New Zealand fishes: (i) to compare the unique contributions of Hydrological Regime, Climate, Habitat and Spatial-Seasonal data sets to the variation of diadromous and nondiadromous fishes and (ii) to compare the relative contributions of a Hydrological Variability and Low-Flow data set to community structure of both life-history patterns. All explanatory variables explained a total of 20.15% and 29.58% of the variation in diadromous and nondiadromous fishes, respectively. Objective 1 analyses showed that the largest unique component of variation was explained by Hydrological Regime for nondiadromous fishes (12.17%), while Climate uniquely explained the most variation in diadromous fishes (4.3%), followed closely by Hydrological Regime (3.08%). Objective 2 analyses showed that Hydrological Variability uniquely explained five and 11 times more variation than the Low-Flow data set in diadromous and nondiadromous fishes, respectively. Findings illustrate the importance of hydrological regime to New Zealand freshwater fishes. Specifically, aspects of hydrological variability uniquely account for more variation than aspects of low flow. Differing relative influences of hydrology between life-history patterns suggest that diadromy may mediate the influence of flow regime. Results outline difficulties for environmental flow settings when biota display differing life histories.
A profile of tourists visiting the Kruger National Park

Due to shrinking budgets for conservation and an increase in the number of government and privately owned parks, it has become very important for parks to determine who the tourists are who visit one of South Africa’s top tourist attractions. The reason for this is that park management and marketers need to focus their efforts to optimise their limited resources. This can only be done once there is a clear understanding of who the market is, where they come from and what they expect. The literature study clearly showed that market segmentation is essential for the effective marketing of a tourism product or destination. Two surveys were conducted, one in 2001 and a follow-up study in 2002, profiling tourists to the Kruger National Park. Different months were chosen to conduct the two surveys in order to get a more comprehensive profile of tourists visiting the park in different seasons.
Effects of Gammarus lacustris (Crustacea: Amphipoda) on plankton community structure in an alpine lake

The amphipod Gammarus lacustris is generally considered as a herbivore or a detritivorous scavenger, but we and others have observed it preying on pelagic zooplankton in fishless alpine lakes of the Canadian Rockies. We tested the hypothesis that G. lacustris predation alters the plankton community structure of alpine lakes by manipulating G. lacustris density in large (2800 L) in situ enclosure experiments. Compared with control enclosures (no Gammarus), Daphnia middendorffiana abundance was reduced 49, 85, and 100% in the low, medium, and high (40, 200, and 400 individuals·m-2) Gammarus density enclosures, respectively. Hesperodiaptomus arcticus density was not significantly related to G. lacustris density. Comparison of mesocosm results with lake data showed that G. lacustris predation on D. middendorffiana in the lake was lower, possibly because a pelagic deepwater refugium allows Daphnia to escape predation. The results show that G. lacustris predation can affect the plankton community structure in s.
Growth and Grazing Rates of the Marine Planktonic Ciliate Strombidinopsis sp. on Red‐Tide and Toxic Dinoflagellates

ABSTRACT We investigated growth and grazing rates of Strombidinopsis sp. when feeding on several species of red‐tide and/or toxic dinoflagellates. Strombidinopsis sp. one of the largest aloricate choreotrichs so far reported, grew well on Lingulodinium polyedrum, Gymnodinium sanguineum, Scrippsiella trochoidea, Cochlodinium polykrikoides, and Prorocentrum minimum, but failed to grow on Amphidinium carterae. Specific growth rates of Strombidinopsis sp. increased rapidly with increasing prey density up to ca. 100 ng C ml‐1, but were saturated or increased slightly at higher concentrations. Maximum specific growth rates of Strombidinopsis sp. on various prey species were 1.38 day‐1 for C. polykrikoides, 1.27 for G. sanguineum, 1.06 for P. minimum, 0.83 for L. polyedrum, and 0.67 for S. trochoidea. Threshold prey concentrations (where net growth = 0) were 12–38 ng C ml‐1. Maximum ingestion and clearance rates of Strombidinopsis sp. were 353 ng C grazer‐1 day‐1 and 110 μ, l grazer‐1 h‐1, respectively. Strombidinopsis sp. exhibited higher maximum growth, ingestion, and clearance rates than the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Fragilidium cf. mexicanum or the heterotrophic dinoflagellates Protoperidinium cf. divergens and P. crassipes, when grown on the same prey species. In addition, the sequence of prey species arranged according to growth response of Strombidinopsis sp. differed considerably from those of Fragilidium cf. mexicanum, Protoperidinium cf. divergens, and P. crassipes.
The reproductive cycle of the commercial sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lamark, 1816) (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in the Ionian Sea

Abstract The reproductive state of the commercial sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus was investigated during one year along a sector of the Ionian Sea of the Apulia region (Southern Italy). Gonadosomatic index, Repletion index and histological methods, categorized by four stages for females and two for male specimens were utilized to assess the reproductive cycle throughout an entire year with monthly sampling in four sites situated to north and south of Torre Suda (Gallipoli Municipality, Province of Lecce). The four populations exhibited similar reproductive pattern, having mature gonads and gonadal reconstitution during almost all months. The population from south of Torre Suda in August and March had the highest Gonadosomatic index values, the highest Gonadosomatic index values for the population north of Torre Suda was observed in February, March and April. Events of spawning were observed in spring, summer and autumn south of Torre Suda and in winter north of Torre Suda. In particular, spawning events were observed in medium-sized sea urchin (diameter 36–50 mm) with a high Repletion index value.
Medication Adherence Among African American Women Who Have Been HIV Positive for 10 or More Years

Although new HIV infections in African American women have decreased, this population still constitutes the over half of all new HIV infections in women. Risk-reduction interventions and advancements in antiretroviral therapies have helped HIV-positive persons live longer. However, there are lags in care linkages and retention. Medication adherence is an important aspect of enhancing quality of and prolonging lives of persons living with HIV/AIDS. While studies have explored barriers and facilitators to medication adherence, gaps in the literature related to adherence for high-risk populations remain. By using narrative inquiry and the Health Belief Model, this exploratory study sought to gain insight on facilitators of and barriers to medication adherence among African American women who have been HIV positive for 10 or more years. The women discussed personal experiences and cues to action that help them remain adherent. Additional studies testing interventions designed specifically for long-term survivors may be advantageous within public health.
Aerobic heterotrqphic bacteria isolated from water, mud, and macrophytes of Lake Grasmere, New Zealand

Abstract Aerobic heterotrophic bacteria were isolated from the water, mud, Elodea canadensis, and concentrated plankton of Lake Grasmere in inland Canterbury (43° 05’ S, 171° 45'E) at intervals between April 1969 and July 1971. The characteristics of 1567 isolates are described. The bacteria were assigned to the following groups: pseudomonads, pink‐pigmented pseudomonads, Alcaligenes/Achromobacter, flavobacteria, Cytophaga, Enterobacteriaceae, Aeromonas/Vibrio, Acinetobacter, Chromobacterium, coryneforms, Micrococcaceae, and Bacillus. In the water the predominant bacteria in most of the samples were pseudomonads, Alcaligenes/Achromobacter, flavobacteria, and coryneforms. The bacterial population varied from year to year but at any one time the bacteria isolated from different areas of the lake were similar. Three mud samples were examined: only 20% of the bacteria isolated from a sample from the surface of the mud were Gram‐positive, but the other two samples from up to 5 cm deep in the mud included 49% a.
Is There Any Potential in Service Trade of South Asia?

Like many developing economies, services have emerged as crucial economic activities in South Asia; yet, this cannot increase the rapid growth in the intra-trade in the region. To find out the service trade potential in the region, this article uses revealed comparative advantage indices to assess the comparative advantage and the indicative trade potential of different South Asian countries in various services sub-sectors. The study reveals that there stands complementarities in the trade of services as Pakistan and Sri Lanka have a competitive advantage in Transport Services, while India has a competitive advantage in Computer and Information Services and Other Business Services. In travel services, Maldives and Nepal possess competitiveness, while Bangladesh in Government Services. The study reveals that competitive services have not explored the potential yet. India being the most robust economy of the region must provide a pivotal role in making negotiations and commitments under the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Agreement on Trade in Services (SATIS), particularly in competitive services. JEL: F1, G2, F5
Revision of the neotropical genus Sendaphne Nixon (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae)

The Neotropical genus of parasitoid wasps Sendaphne (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) is revised and the following six new species are described, all authored by Fernández-Triana and Whitfield: anitae, bennetti, broadi, dianariaspennae, penteadodiasae, and rogerblancoi. The greatest species richness is found in northern South America, but the genus extends north to 23° N in Mexico. Most species have been collected in rainforest below altitudes of 900 m, with only a few species found in cloud forests up to 1900 m. Nothing is known of the host caterpillars for these parasitoid wasps.
Comparison of Conventional Cyclophosphamide versus Fludarabine-Based Conditioning in High-Risk Aplastic Anemia Patients Undergoing Matched-Related Donor Transplantation

Allogeneic stem cell transplant for high-risk aplastic anemia (AA) yields inferior results using conventional cyclophosphamide (CY)-based conditioning. The use of fludarabine (Flu)-based regimens has resulted in improved outcomes in high-risk patients. Limited data are available comparing these two conditioning regimens in such patients. We retrospectively analyzed 192 high-risk patients undergoing matched-related donor transplantation from July 2001 to December 2018. The median age was 19.5 (2–52) years. Patients were divided into 2 groups, Cy200 anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG)20 (Gp1 n = 79) or Flu120–150 Cy120–160 ATG20 (Gp2 n = 113). The risk of graft failure was significantly higher in Gp1, and the majority occurred in patients with >2 risk factors (p = 0.02). The incidence of grade II-IV acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) and chronic GVHD was not significantly different between the two groups. The overall survival (OS) of the study cohort was 81.3 %, disease-free survival (DFS) 76.6 % and GVHD-free relapse-free survival (GRFS) was 64.1%. DFS and GRFS were significantly higher in Gp2 as compared to Gp1: DFS 84.1% versus 68.4 % (p = 0.02), GRFS 77.9% versus 54.4% (p = 0.01), respectively. We conclude that Flu-based conditioning is associated with superior OS, DFS and GRFS as compared to the conventional Cy-based regimen in high-risk AA.
Nest Architecture of Atta laevigata (F. Smith, 1858) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

The internal structure of three nests of Atta laevigata was studied in Botucatu city, São Paulo State, Brazil. Two nests were excavated through the opening of trenches and one was cement-moulded to enable a better view of the internal structures. The three nests presented a similar structure, with the depths and number of chambers varying as a function of the loose soil area of the nests. The number of chambers ranged from 1149 to 7864, reaching as deep as 7 m underground. Chamber volume ranged from 0.03 to 51 l. The foraging tunnels extended as far as 70 m from the loose soil region. The nests of this species are the deepest within the genus Atta and have the highest number of chambers.
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE IN NATURAL WATERS1

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Molecular Correlates of Influenza A H5N1 Virus Pathogenesis in Mice

ABSTRACT Highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 viruses caused an outbreak of human respiratory illness in Hong Kong. Of 15 human H5N1 isolates characterized, nine displayed a high-, five a low-, and one an intermediate-pathogenicity phenotype in the BALB/c mouse model. Sequence analysis determined that five specific amino acids in four proteins correlated with pathogenicity in mice. Alone or in combination, these specific residues are the likely determinants of virulence of human H5N1 influenza viruses in this model.