Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recommended Standards For The Routine Performance Testing of Diagnostic X-Ray Imaging Systems

The first edition of this report was published in 1997 and contained essential guidance on routine quality assurance of imaging performance and patient dose for all professionals with an interest and responsibility in diagnostic x-ray imaging systems. The 1998 edition contains minor corrections to a small number of test tolerances and references. The entire diagnostic x-ray imaging system is covered in the report with information on radiography, fluoroscopy, computed tomography, digital, dental and mammography equipment. Clear advice is presented on the tests to be performed and with what priority, that is, which tests are essential and which are desirable. The level of expertise required to perform each test is indicated and how regularly each test should be performed. More frequent tests do not require sophisticated test equipment and analysis whereas other tests involve greater expertise and equipment resources. Although the method of performing each test is not included, test references provide information on where instructions may be obtained. For many of the tests very useful guidance is provided as to when results indicate further action should be taken. In short, this publication provides (i) clarification of the 'what, who, when and how' of x-ray equipment testing. This enables a uniform testing regime to be carried out by radiographic staff, medical physics staff and service engineers. (ii) remedial and suspension levels which assist in the interpretation of measurements. This should result in improved diagnosis of equipment performance and reporting time. (iii) useful guidance to a wide range of professionals including employers, managers, users, inspectors, purchasers and suppliers. It has important implications particularly for employers since, legally, they have responsibility for ensuring that the equipment used in connection with medical exposures is maintained so as to be capable of delivering doses that are as low as reasonably practicable.
A Study of the Professional Nursing Images of Nursing Unit Managers: A Q-Methodological Approach

The purpose of this study was to analyze the subjective schemata of nursing unit managers in order to promote our understanding of individuals' images of nursing as a profession. The study also sought to provide appropriate strategies for improving the image of nursing based on perceptions of the profession. The results, based on a Q study of nursing unit managers at five Korean university hospitals, revealed three distinct types of images of nursing as a profession: the views of the Proud, the Self-Conflicted and the Progressive manager. It was found that these three types could change continuously through interaction with their environment. Based the findings, the study also suggested guidelines for constructing a desirable professional nursing image.
Toning Japanese tissue papers: An international survey of paper conservation practitioners

This paper presents the findings of an international online survey designed to understand more about accepted practice in paper conservation around the world. Japanese tissue papers have long been used for repairing old documents; however, their colour needs to be visually adjusted to be in keeping with the tonality of the document being repaired. Despite substantial literature on the dyeing of textiles, few studies have been conducted on the effects of toning materials on Japanese mending papers used for paper conservation purposes. The findings of this study suggest that paper conservators generally rely on personal experience, the information passed on from their colleagues and Japanese paper suppliers, and that they tend to feel confident about their choices, despite the fact that there has been little research on the long-term effects of toning materials on Japanese papers. We suggest that further research into the realities of practice and how different conservation and toning techniques have evolved in specific local, cultural and historical circumstances is a fruitful field for further research.
Stability of a continuous stirred reactor with delay in the recycle stream

The authors discuss the local stability properties of a first-order exothermic irreversible reaction carried out in a well-mixed continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with a delayed recycle stream. Surprising results are obtained which suggest that, in a first-order, irreversible, exothermic reaction A to B carried out in a CSTR, the delay in the recycle stream does not affect stability of steady states. The delay still may cause increased oscillation and, perhaps, a slower response time; however, local stability is unchanged. This may allow the engineer the ability to ignore the recycle delay in the model when developing a control scheme. <<ETX>>
An analog integrated polyphase filter for a high performance low-IF receiver

An analog integrated asymmetric polyphase filter is a key building block for the development of a high performance fully integrated low-IF receiver. The asymmetric polyphase filter makes it possible to suppress the mirror signal not at HF, but after quadrature demodulation at a low IF. The most important parameters for the polyphase filter are a high dynamic range and a good mirror signal suppression. This paper reports on the realisation in a 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS process of a 5th order Butterworth polyphase filter with a bandwidth of 220 kHz centered around 250 kHz. Its measured mirror signal suppression is 64 dB. The active-RC implementation renders a 94.2 dB dynamic range at the input.
The Measurement of Bandwidth: A Simulation Study

Bandwidth dictates the potential speed at which a channel carries information and hence the services it can support. Speech telephony for example requires only 4kHz bandwidth, while high quality sound requires 15kHz and video 6MHz (Glover & Grant, 2004). When several services share a common channel it is crucial to know the accessible bandwidth such that it can be divided efficiently between customers. Furthermore senders may even have to modify their behaviour in order to make best use of their bandwidth share (Yu et al., 2003). In an IP network bandwidths can be measured directly using the SNMP protocol to interrogate link components for their capacities and traffic loads: However since administrative access is not typically available to customers, numerous “end-to-end” measurement techniques have appeared whereby network traffic and infrastructure can be inferred from “probe” transmissions (Prasad et al., 2003). However, these techniques are only as good as their underlying assumptions and a plethora of misunderstandings and ambiguities have arisen (Jain & Dovrolis, 2004). Some of these problems are technological; wireless components introduce complications not experienced in wired networks (Johnsson et al., 2005) and traffic-shaping mechanisms can make the instantaneous bandwidth different from that experienced by sustained transmissions (Lakshminarayanan et al., 2004). However difficulties still arise under the simplest technological assumptions due to the complex behaviour of packet-streams within bottleneck links.
Premsa juvenil femenina i identitat corporal

La tesi analitza la relacio entre el discurs sobre el cos de la premsa juvenil femenina i el de les lectores. Concretament les revistes investigades son You, Ragazza y Mujer 21. El objecte destudi saborda des dun enfocament pluridisciplinar basat en el periodisme especialitzat i de servei, per una part, i en la sociologia de la joventut, del cos i del consum, per una altra. A mes de comparar la relacio entre el discurs sobre el cos de les revistes i el de les noies, la tesi estudia tambe la reapropiacio simbolica de significats que les lectores fan dels continguts i el sentit que els confereixen en el proces de construccio de la seva identitat. Per fer-ho es combinen tecniques quantitatives i qualitatives: lanalisi de contingut (portada, unitats redaccionals -titulars, textos i il·lustracions- i publicitat directa i indirecta) i lanalisi de recepcio (grups de discussio i entrevistes en profunditat). Resumen La tesis analiza la relacion entre el discurso sobre el cuerpo de la prensa juvenil femenina y el de las lectoras. Concretamente las revistas investigadas son You, Ragazza y Mujer 21. El objeto de estudio se aborda desde un enfoque pluridisciplinar basado en el periodismo especializado y de servicio, por una parte, y en la sociologia de la juventud, del cuerpo y del consumo, por otra. Ademas de comparar la relacion entre el discurso sobre el cuerpo de las revistas y el de las chicas, la tesis estudia tambien la reapropiacion simbolica de significados que las lectoras hacen de los contenidos y el sentido que les confieren en el proceso de construccion de su identidad. Para ello se combinan tecnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas: el analisis de contenido (portada, unidades redaccionales -titulares, textos e ilustraciones- y publicidad directa e indirecta) y el analisis de recepcion (grupos de discusion y entrevistas en profundidad). Summary This research analyzes the relationship between the discourse on the body of female teen magazines and the discourse of the redears. In concrete the research was done on the spanish magazines You, Ragazza and Mujer 21. The approach to the object of study is multidisciplinary: on one side, specializing journalism and service journalism and, on the other side, sociology of youth, of the body and of consumption. Beside comparing the relation between the discourse on the body of the magazines and that of the girls, the thesis studies also the symbolic reappropriation of meanings that the readers do of the contents and the sense that they award them in the process of construction of their identity. This research combines quantitative and qualitative methodologies: content analysis (front page, text and illustrations, and direct and indirect advertising) and reception analysis (focus group and interviews).
Content and thematic analysis

This textbook offers an excellent introduction to the variety of research methods used within the fields of clinical and health psychology. The book provides a detailed, yet concise, explanation of both qualitative and quantitative approaches and draws upon case-study examples to illustrate how these can be used in a variety of health-care settings, with special relevance to clinical disorders, disease prevention and health promotion. Research Methods for Clinical and Health Psychology fulfils the demand for a textbook explaining how qualitative and quantitative methods can be used explicitly in a health psychology context. It will be invaluable reading for clinical and health psychology students, trainees and practitioners, as well as those in nursing, medical and other healthcare departments taking an advanced psychology option.
Automated Discovery of WordNet Relations

The WordNet lexical database is now quite large and offers broad coverage of general lexical relations in English. As is evident in this volume, WordNet has been employed as a resource for many applications in natural language processing (NLP) and information retrieval (IR). However, many potentially useful lexical relations are currently missing from WordNet. Some of these relations, while useful for NLP and IR applications, are not necessarily appropriate for a general, domain-independent lexical database. For example, WordNet’s coverage of proper nouns is rather sparse, but proper nouns are often very important in application tasks. The standard way lexicographers find new relations is to look through huge lists of concordance lines. However, culling through long lists of concordance lines can be a rather daunting task (Church and Hanks, 1990), so a method that picks out those lines that are very likely to hold relations of interest should be an improvement over more traditional techniques. This chapter describes a method for the automatic discovery of WordNetstyle lexico-semantic relations by searching for corresponding lexico-syntactic patterns in large text collections. Large text corpora are now widely available, and can be viewed as vast resources from which to mine lexical, syntactic, and semantic information. This idea is reminiscent of what is known as “data mining” in the artificial intelligence literature (Fayyad and Uthurusamy, 1996), however, in this case the ore is raw text rather than tables of numerical data. The Lexico-Syntactic Pattern Extraction (LSPE) method is meant to be useful as an automated or semi-automated aid for lexicographers and builders of domain-dependent knowledge-bases. The LSPE technique is light-weight; it does not require a knowledge base or complex interpretation modules in order to suggest new WordNet relations.
ENHANCING ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES THROUGH DOCUMENT MODELS

As the European Service Directive has already been enforced, a new challenge is to ensure a fully interoperable e-Government environment at the European level. The new dimension of the public administration process raises several issues that have to be addressed in order to successfully integrate systems from various administrative models. The current Single Point of Contact implementation assures that e-Government procedures can be completed at distance and by electronic means and that the information related to national requirements and procedures will be easily accessible for service providers and service recipients. In this context, a future goal will be to ensure the means in which different PSC will be able to interoperate. This is a complex task because each PSC has its own specific particularities and deals with various document types and formats. Creating common specifications for the documents types, formats and interchange containers is a mandatory stage in achieving the desired interoperability. In this paper we focus to the process of creating a unique document model for pan-European document interchanges. The document model will be used for the communication between PSCs. The communication between PSCs and national authorities will be done independently. The document model consists on both semantic and security metadata. This document model will be properly derived from e-Government ontology. Here we are presenting the initial assumptions and architectural issues that are elicited and will be used in order to create a fully functional model. We rely on the former experience gained in engineering a Romanian PSC proof of concept and we will extend our achievements to address the PSC interoperability goal.
Connection-Oriented Communication Pro-tocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

Several sensor network applications based on data di(cid:11)usion and data management can determine the communication transfer rate between two sensors beforehand. In this framework, we consider the problem of energy e(cid:14)cient communication among nodes of a wireless sensor network and propose an application-driven approach that minimizes radio activity intervals and prolongs network lifetime. On the basis of possible communication delays we estimate packet arrival intervals at any intermediate hop of a (cid:12)xed-rate data path. We propose two different strategies of radio activity minimization that maintain the radio switched on just in the expected packet arrival intervals and guarantee low communication latency. We de(cid:12)ne a probabilistic model that allows the evaluation of the packet loss probability that results from the reduced radio activity. The model is used to optimally choose the radio activity intervals that achieve a certain probability of successful packet delivery. Relying on the probabilistic model we also de(cid:12)ne a cost model that estimates the energy consumption of the proposed strategies, under speci(cid:12)c settings. We (cid:12)nally validate our work with a simulation made with Tossim (the Berkeley motes’ simulator). The simulation re-sults con(cid:12)rm the validity of the approach and the accuracy of the analytic models.
Dignity in the Work Lives of Clinical Nurses

This descriptive study examines how clinical nurses understand, experience, and sustain dignity in their work lives. Nursing has embedded dignity, particularly the dignity of others, as a core professional value. However, while the practice of nursing is deeply concerned with the achievement of patient dignity, dignity as a self-regarding professional right is not well articulated. Hodson's (2001) model for dignity at work provided a lens through which to examine the relevant nursing literature. It was revealed that the dignity of nurses as an intrinsic human and worker right has received little explicit attention, and that the significance of this is possibly not sufficiently well understood. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to further investigate the area of nurse dignity. Seven nurses were recruited to participate in facilitated workshops to explore the research question, 'How do clinical nurses understand, experience, and sustain dignity in their work lives'? The data were analysed using directed content analysis and presented as a descriptive summary. Dignity, for the participants, was strongly associated with the worth, value, and meaning that nurses attach to their profession, to the work that they do, and to themselves personally. This was shown to be central to their understanding, experience, and achievement of dignity in their work lives. Each encounter, each moment, was seen to be invested with the potential to maintain, affirm, erode or infringe personal dignity. The nurses perceived nursing to be a meaningful, worthwhile endeavour, but frequently struggled to extract a sense of dignity when working in environments that they perceived as not supporting their agenda of care. Being seen as a respected professional, enjoying daily positive interactions with colleagues and being successful in the act of nursing, had the strongest association with the ability to extract worth, value, and meaning from the work experience. The absence of a perception of the participants' need to regard managerial colleagues was an unexpected finding. It was concluded that dignity should be pursued as a right in any context including the work context of nurses, both as a moral and pragmatic imperative. It is suggested that the current dominant approach that interests itself in the needs of nurses primarily as a means to achieving health care outcomes for patients may be neglecting an important dimension. Future inquiry into the area of nurse dignity should begin from the premise that to understand the meaning that nurses attach to dignity, one first has to understand the meaning that nurses attach to nursing, and in particular the nature of the social compact that nursing holds with society.
Design of HW/SW-systems with VLSI subsystems using codes

A Practical Concurrent Design Environment, CODES, for the design of hardware/software systems is described. It is shown that hardware/software Co-Design can be based on an abstract model of communicating parallel random access machines. It is also shown how the design of VLSI circuits that act as subsystems in larger HW/SW systems can be supported with CODES. Major design phases of CODES such as modeling, subsystem design, simulation, and integration into a working prototype are outlined. Further, a novel framework that governs the flow-, data-, and task-management of Co-Design processes is briefly described. A sample application proves the feasibility of the approach. <<ETX>>
Software Quality Assurance: From Theory to Implementation

Instructor s Solutions Manual (ISM) for Software Engineering: Theory and Practice, 4/E, Shari Software Quality Assurance From Theory to Implementation, Charles P. Pfleeger Solutions Manual (pdf) (1.3MB) Pearson Higher Education. Quality. Management. Lecture 12 – Software quality management doc.dr.sc. (source: Software Quality Assurance From Theory to Implementation, p. 6). efforts on software quality, which is costly. We first derive and the most common implementation of quality-assurance is user-generated reviews. This theory.
Learning from Paradigmatic Information

Paradigmatic information is information requiring knowledge of morphological identity across words. It consists of the phonological consequences of knowing that a morpheme must have a single phonological underlying form, even if it surfaces differently in different words. There are two basic forms of paradigmatic information. One is morphemic alternation: the surface realizations of a single morpheme in different morphological contexts (a context consists of the other morphemes used to form the word). The other is morphemic contrast: the surface realizations of two different morphemes in the same morphological context. Paradigmatic information is necessary for phonological learning. This can be demonstrated with a constructed linguistic system in which several distinct languages, with distinct mappings, have identical inventories of surface phonological forms. To learn the full phonology, the learner must utilize paradigmatic information: that is the only information that can distinguish the different phonotactically identical phonologies.
Word sense disambiguation of swahili : Extending swahili language techonology with machine learning

This thesis addresses the problem of word sense disambiguation within the context of Swahili-English machine translation. In this setup, the goal of disambiguation is to choose the correct translation of an ambiguous Swahili noun in context. A corpus based approach to disambiguation is taken, where machine learning techniques are applied to a corpus of Swahili, to acquire disambiguation information automatically. In particular, the Self-Organizing Map algorithm is used to obtain a semantic categorization of Swahili nouns from data. The resulting classes form the basis of a class-based solution, where disambiguation is recast as a classification problem. The thesis exploits these semantic classes to automatically obtain annotated training data, addressing a key problem facing supervised word sense disambiguation. The semantic and linguistic characteristics of these classes are modelled as Bayesian belief networks, using the Bayesian Modelling Toolbox. Disambiguation is achieved via probabilistic inferencing. The thesis develops a disambiguation solution which does not make extensive resource requirements, but rather capitalizes on freely-available lexical and computational resources for English as a source of additional disambiguation information. A semantic tagger for Swahili is created by altering the configuration of the Bayesian classifiers. The disambiguation solution is tested on a subset of unambiguous nouns and a manually created gold standard of sixteen ambiguous nouns, using standard performance evaluation metrics.
Empirical Methods and Studies in Software Engineering: Experiences from Esernet

Method Chapters. - Empirical Research Methods in Software Engineering. - Challenges and Recommendations When Increasing the Realism of Controlled Software Engineering Experiments. - Empirical Studies in ESERNET. - Software Engineering Knowledge Repositories. - Using Empirical Studies during Software Courses. - Practical Experiences in the Design and Conduct of Surveys in Empirical Software Engineering. - Experience Chapters. - Post Mortem - An Assessment of Two Approaches. - Evaluating Checklist-Based and Use-Case-Driven Reading Techniques as Applied to Software Analysis and Design UML Artifacts. - Effectiveness of Code Reading and Functional Testing with Event-Driven Object-Oriented Software. - Experimentation with Usage-Based Reading. - Functional Testing, Structural Testing and Code Reading: What Fault Type Do They Each Detect? - COTS Products Characterization: Proposal and Empirical Assessment. - Reuse Based Software Factory. - Appendix and Author Index. - Appendix - Glossary.