Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Upper air temperature trends above Switzerland 1959–2011

This study summarizes 53 years of radiosonde measurements at the MeteoSwiss Aerological Station of Payerne, Switzerland. The temperature time series is the result of a careful reassessment of the original data, mainly based on the internal station documentation. Comparisons with HadAT2 and RAOBCORE/RICH adjusted data sets document the high quality of our technical reevaluation. In the lower troposphere, we compare radiosonde measurement trends to independently homogenized surface trends measured at lowland and Alpine stations up to 3580 m. We find an average difference among trends below 0.03 K/decade (7–8%), showing consistency between upper air and surface temperature measurements. Upper air data show the 0°C isotherm to rise by about 70 m/decade on average over the whole period, which is consistent with the 60 m/decade trend found using surface measurements. A similar change has also been measured for the tropopause height, which rose by 54 m/decade over the last five decades. Analysis of the phase and amplitude of the diurnal temperature cycle shows a strongly decreasing amplitude with height from about 3 K at the surface to 0.2 K at 700 hPa. The diurnal cycle peaks at about 15 UTC at the surface and shifts to later hours with height, reaching almost midnight at 400 hPa. In the stratosphere, diurnal temperature again peaks at around 15 UTC, but with low amplitude. Annual temperature cycle amplitude is in the order of 15 K and fairly constant with height. The peak temperature, however, shifts from July–August in the troposphere to June–July in the stratosphere. Temperature trends in the troposphere exhibit a clear warming trend since the 1980s, which decreases with height and changes to a cooling trend in the stratosphere, with no trend or minor warming since the end of the 1990s. The warming in the troposphere is found to be larger during summer months, whereas the cooling in the stratosphere is larger during winter months.
ON MODELING OF LIVING ORGANISMS USING HIERARCHICAL COARSE-GRAINING ABSTRACTIONS OF KNOWLEDGE

High throughput technologies such as gene expression microarray, ChIP-chips, siRNA and protein arrays and high throughput mass spectrometry are enabling an ever increasing amount of data becoming available about DNA, RNA, proteins, metabolites as well as biological pathways and networks. The knowledge embedded in this data deluge needs to be recast in forms that lend themselves to analysis with the expectation of developing analytical instruments to gain insight and answer questions about life and living organisms. The powers of abstraction and model building are fundamental to the quest of making sense of the biological complexity embedded in these biological and clinical datasets. The modeling of living organisms is explored with a proposed framework for model representation of biological complexity. The principal foundational assumption of the proposed modeling philosophy recognizes the symbiotic relationship between information and energy flows, required for the transformation of matter, as a fundamental organizing force underlying the observable nature of living organisms. The use of the concept of regularities to refer to complexity of structure, function and dynamics alike provides a unified approach to the reasoning about the integration of knowledge representations of varying natures and scales of granularities. The application of the proposed modeling approach is illustrated in broad qualitative terms for the human organism.
The development of the Awe Experience Scale (AWE-S): A multifactorial measure for a complex emotion

ABSTRACT Awe is a complex emotion composed of an appraisal of vastness and a need for accommodation. The purpose of this study was to develop a robust state measure of awe, the Awe Experience Scale (AWE-S), based on the extant experimental literature. In study 1, participants (N = 501) wrote about an intense moment of awe that they had experienced and then completed a survey about their experience. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a 6-factor structure, including: altered time perception (F1); self-diminishment (F2); connectedness (F3); perceived vastness (F4); physical sensations (F5); need for accommodation (F6). Internal consistency was strong for each factor (α ≥ .80). Study 2 confirmed the 6-factor structure (N = 636) using fit indices (CFI = .905; RMSEA = .054). Each factor of the AWE-S is significantly correlated with the awe items of the modified Differential Emotions Scale (mDES) and Dispositional Positive Emotion Scale (D-PES). Triggers, valence, and themes associated with awe experiences are reported.
Zoomable User Interfaces for the Semantic WEB

Abstract : To retrieve information from databases, users must often understand the underlying data schemas. The University of Maryland, College Park (UMCP) developed an interface, to visualize the taxonomic hierarchy of data, and applied integrated searching and browsing so that users need not have complete knowledge either of appropriate keywords or the organization of the data. UMCP also conducted a qualitative user study of the interface to describe usage patterns and issues related to tree visualization of the data and domain. Interestingly, users with different levels of interest in the domain had different interaction preferences. The study provides further evidence for the value of integrated searching and browsing and interactive tree visualization for information retrieval and understanding.
Governing network evolution in the quest for identity

This paper provides a managerial account of network governance by exploring how initially non-powerful agents, driven by the quest for distinctive identity, shape the governance of their networks over time. The research design is that of a longitudinal comparative case study of the trajectories of three renowned, Oscar-winning Spanish filmmakers. It scrutinizes data coming from original interviews, as well as from multiple secondary data sources, in order to illustrate the propositions advanced. The paper's contribution is sought: 1) in proposing a micro-level framework for systematic thinking about network governance evolution, distinguishing four dimensions (co-governance, structure, strategy, and pace) and their respective sub-categories; 2) in advancing three peculiar identity profiles with different implications for the evolution of network governance (i.e., a maverick, an integrated professional, and a broker); 3) in bringing together two bodies of literature that have not conversed frequently (i.e., network governance and identity) in a largely overlooked cultural and historical context, that of Spain after the transition to democracy in 1975.
Rapid calculation of seismic amplitudes: SHORT NOTE

The ability to calculate traveltimes and amplitutdes of seismic waves is useful for many reflection seismology applications such as migration and tomography. Traditionally, ray tracing (cerveny et al., 1977; Julian, 1977), paraxial methods (Claerbout, 1971), or full-wave methods (Alterman and Karal, 1968) are used for such calculations. These methods have in common considerable computational expense. Recently, Vidale (1988, 1990a) presented two-dimensional and three-dimensional methods to efficiently compute traveltimes of the first arrivals to every point in a regularly spaced grid of points, given an arbitrary velocity field sampled at these points. The computational cost of finding each traveltime is roughly one square root operation. This note describes how the amplitudes of the first arrivals can be calculated in two dimensions without explicit knowledge of the raypaths. The traveltimes for a set of four closely spaced sources are sufficient to determine the geometric amplitudes for each point in the grid in the case of a smoothly varying velocity structure. The computation cost for each amplitude is six square roots and an arctangent. This low cost allows the computation of many more amplitudes than is possible with ray tracing or waveform methods. Alternatively, this method of amplitude estimation can be done using other less efficient but more accurate traveltime calculations, such as ray tracing or ray bending (Prothero et al., 1988; Thurber, 1983) and needs four to sixteen traveltimes per amplitude.
Leverage Client Bandwidth to Improve Service Latency in a Periodic Broadcast Environment

Periodic broadcast has been shown to be very e ective in addressing the bandwidth limitation in multimedia servers. Since this approach allows users to share a server stream, its bandwidth requirement is independent of the number of users the system is designed to support. Existing broadcast methods restrict clients to downloading data from no more than two channels at any one time. This constraint is removed in this paper in order to leverage emerging "last mile" technologies such as ADSL and cable modems. We introduce a Client-Centric Approach (CCA) to exploit the vast client bandwidth. A client is allowed to use all its available channels to download data simultaneously. We carefully design the broadcast schedule so that this strategy does not ood the client with preloaded data. We prove the correctness of this approach, and provide analytical evaluations to show that it performs signi cantly better than Skyscraper Broadcasting technique that has been shown to o er very good performance.
merican Heart Association/American College of Cardiology oundation/Heart Rhythm Society Scientific Statement on oninvasive Risk Stratification Techniques for Identifying atients at Risk for Sudden Cardiac Death

effrey J. Goldberger, MD, FAHA, FACC, FHRS; Michael E. Cain, MD, FAHA, FACC, FHRS; tefan H. Hohnloser, MD, FACC; Alan H. Kadish, MD, FAHA, FACC; Bradley P. Knight, MD, FACC; ichael S. Lauer, MD, FAHA, FACC; Barry J. Maron, MD, FACC; Richard L. Page, MD, FAHA, FACC, FHRS; od S. Passman, MD, MSCE, FACC; David Siscovick, MD, MPH; illiam G. Stevenson, MD, FAHA, FACC, FHRS; Douglas P. Zipes, MD, FAHA, MACC, FHRS
Characterizing usage of explicit hate expressions in social media

ABSTRACT Social media platforms provide an inexpensive communication medium that allows anyone to publish content and anyone interested in the content can obtain it. However, this same potential of social media provide space for discourses that are harmful to certain groups of people. Examples of these discourses include bullying, offensive content, and hate speech. Out of these discourses hate speech is rapidly recognized as a serious problem by authorities of many countries. In this paper, we provide the first of a kind systematic large-scale measurement and analysis study of explicit expressions of hate speech in online social media. We aim to understand the abundance of hate speech in online social media, the most common hate expressions, the effect of anonymity on hate speech, the sensitivity of hate speech and the most hated groups across regions. In order to achieve our objectives, we gather traces from two social media systems: Whisper and Twitter. We then develop and validate a methodology to identify hate speech on both of these systems. Our results identify hate speech forms and unveil a set of important patterns, providing not only a broader understanding of online hate speech, but also offering directions for detection and prevention approaches.
Evaluation of growth and pollen viability in relation to fruit set among five varieties of tomato grown in Nigeria.

The present study considered morphological traits, pollens viability and fruit set among five tomato varieties (Roma, Tropimech, Tima, Tedino and UC-82B) grown in Nigeria. The seeds were grown in the screen house facility at the Botanical garden, University of Ilorin Nigeria. Growth and fruiting morphological data were collected and analyzed while pollen viability in relation to fruit set was determined. The results showed significant vegetative growth variations and correlations between plant height and leaf characters. However, vegetative growth was not directly related to percentage of flower formation and fruit set, but pollen viability was directly proportional to fruit set in the tomato varieties studied. Reduction in pollen viability was accompanied by lower number of fruit set. Fruit number and size may be affected by biotic or abiotic factors, nonetheless, the percentage of viable pollens in Pollen Mother Cell was found to affect fruit set. Although pollen grains in the field may be subjected to multiple stresses simultaneously; viability of pollens in a controlled setup may differ to the pollen viability in the open field environment. However, pollen viability is directly associated with fruit set in tomato and could be screened as a vital trait for improved tomato in breeding programme.
Unified Structured Process for Health Analytics

 Abstract — Health analytics (HA) is used in healthcare systems for effective decision making, management and planning of healthcare and related activities. However, user resistances, unique position of medical data content and structure (including heterogeneous and unstructured data) and impromptu HA projects have held up the progress in HA applications. Notably, the accuracy of outcomes depends on the skills and the domain knowledge of the data analyst working on the healthcare data. Success of HA depends on having a sound process model, effective project management and availability of supporting tools. Thus, to overcome these challenges through an effective process model, we propose a HA process model with features from rational unified process (RUP) model and agile methodology.
Sketchlearn: relieving user burdens in approximate measurement with automated statistical inference

Network measurement is challenged to fulfill stringent resource requirements in the face of massive network traffic. While approximate measurement can trade accuracy for resource savings, it demands intensive manual efforts to configure the right resource-accuracy trade-offs in real deployment. Such user burdens are caused by how existing approximate measurement approaches inherently deal with resource conflicts when tracking massive network traffic with limited resources. In particular, they tightly couple resource configurations with accuracy parameters, so as to provision sufficient resources to bound the measurement errors. We design SketchLearn, a novel sketch-based measurement framework that resolves resource conflicts by learning their statistical properties to eliminate conflicting traffic components. We prototype SketchLearn on OpenVSwitch and P4, and our testbed experiments and stress-test simulation show that SketchLearn accurately and automatically monitors various traffic statistics and effectively supports network-wide measurement with limited resources.
Diagnosis of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

1.1 Imaging As previously described, the majority of patients with sarcoidosis are asymptomatic. The main reason patients seek medical attention is an abnormal imaging study. By far the most common situation is a chest radiography that was performed for an alternative diagnosis or as a routine procedure before anesthesia or surgery. In recent years the increased use of computed tomography (CT) in various screening programs for malignancy (colon, lung) or in cardiology has led to an explosion of “lung abnormalities,” many of which are eventually attributed to sarcoidosis. For example, 25% of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) on chest CT were attributable to “nonspecific granulomas” after tissue biopsy (Albert and Russell 2009). The recent report of the National Lung Screening Trial in USA favors a CT scan program for reducing the all cause mortality attributable to lung cancer (The National Lung Screening Trial Research Team 2011). This recommendation is expected to dramatically increase the number of chest CT examinations performed for screening purposes. It is likely that many of the abnormalities found in the lung parenchyma will undergo biopsy and be diagnosed as granulomatous sarcoid-like lesions. A practical approach to their management is needed. From a historical perspective, the suspicion of sarcoidosis is typically initiated by abnormal imaging. In fact, the pragmatic “Statement on Sarcoidosis” dedicates a subchapter to this issue in the “patient without histology” (Hunninghake et al. 1999). The authors claim that clinical and/or radiological features alone may be diagnostic for patients with stage I disease (98% reliability) or stage II (89% reliability), but less accurate for stage III (52% reliability). In a review of 100 patients with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, sarcoidosis was diagnosed if symptoms were limited to uveitis or erythema nodosum or in asymptomatic patients with a negative physical examination (74% of all patients). In these patients, the authors conclude that biopsy confirmation is not necessary.
Nucleic Acids Research Construction of yeast artificial chromosome libraries with large inserts using fractionation by pulsed- field gel electrophoresis

A method for constructing yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) libraries with large insert sizes is reported. High molecular weight human DNA was partially digested with EcoRI and cloned in the vector pYAC4. When unfractionated DNA was used, the mean YAC size was 120kb. Fractionation by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis using a 'waltzer' apparatus to remove small DNA fragments increased the mean YAC size to =220kb or = 370kb depending on the fractionation conditions. Ligated DNA prepared by this method was stable at 4°C and routinely yielded transformation efficiencies of > 700 colonies/^g. It should be possible to extend the method to produce even larger inserts and to use high molecular weight DNA from any source. INTRODUCTION The cloning of DNA fragments is an essential method of molecular biology. Conventional cloning techniques using plasmid, bacteriophage or cosmid vectors in the bacterial host E. coli are limited to inserts shorter than 50kb. Many problems of eukaryotic molecular biology require analysis of hundreds or thousands of kb either because of the size of individual genes [1] or because available markers are located far from the gene or disease of interest. Furthermore, global analysis of whole genomes such as that of humans will require analysis of millions of kb. A second drawback to cloning in bacteria is that some classes of sequence found in eukaryotes such as palindromic or tandemly repeated DNA are under-represented or absent from E. coli libraries [2, 3]. The development of yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) as vectors for the propagation of exogenous DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae [4] overcomes some of these limitations. DNA fragments several hundred kb long have been cloned, and the presence of palindromic and repeated DNA sequences in the yeast genome [5, 6] suggests that such sequences may be tolerated in YACs. YAC cloning has already begun to contribute to genomic analysis and has been used to link cosmid 'contigs' from the Caenorhabditis elegans genome [7]. However, the full potential of the technique has not generally been realised. In part this is because the average size of the YAC clones obtained has been rather small: 75kb and 150kb for two reported libraries [8]. Large size is particularly important when clones are to be picked manually to create an ordered array representing a complex genome and when extensive walking is to be carried out. We obtained similarly small average sizes in libraries of human DNA constructed in pYAC4 after partial EcoRI digestion, and have investigated the use of size fractionation of the DNA before cloning to increase the average insert size. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE—ref 9) produces more effective fractionation than the sucrose density
SPECIES OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX AND NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA IN RESPIRATORY SPECIMENS FROM SERBIA

This study aimed to provide the first comprehensive report into the local pattern of mycobacterial isolation. We used the GenoType MTBC and CM/AS assays (Hain Lifescience) to perform speciation of 1 096 mycobacterial cultures isolated from respiratory specimens, one culture per patient, in Serbia over a 12-month period. The only species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) identified in our study was M. tuberculosis, with an isolation rate of 88.8%. Ten different species of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) were recognized, and the five most frequently isolated spe- cies were, in descending order, M. xenopi, M. peregrinum, M. gordonae, M. avium and M. chelonae. In total, NTM isolates accounted for 11.2% of all isolates of mycobacteria identified in pulmonary specimens. Our results suggest that routine differentiation among members of the MTBC is not necessary, while routine speciation of NTM is required.
Reduction of Power Consumption for Pipelined Deep Pack- et Inspection on FPGA

We propose a scheme to reduce power consumption in pipelined AC-DFA (Aho-Corasick deterministic finite automaton) tries for deep packet inspection (DPI). It is based on our observation that the access frequency drops dramatically as the input goes through stages of the pipelined implementation of the AC-DFA trie. Experiments show that the access frequency of the fourth stage is one thousandth of the access frequency of the first stage. So, we slow down the stages that are not frequently used in the pipelined AC-DFA trie to reduce unnecessary power consumption. Also, we turn on the next stage before a stage performs a pattern matching, to reduce delays and clock skew without any additional hardware components. Our scheme shows a 25% reduction in power consumption, compared with the state-of-the-art DPI scheme [3] with a pipelined AC-DFA trie.
Description, analysis and evaluation of confidence estimation procedures for sub-categorisation

This report presents contributions in two main areas: the combination of low level image features with visual saliency maps and use of confidence measures for information fusion. For the first part, we show experiments with automatic saliency estimation methods based on bottom-up and top-down approaches. We also explored maps generated by mouse-clicks. These maps were used to give weights to local image features which are then used for image categorisation in an approach based on bag-of-patches. For the second part, we explored methods to associate confidence values to predictions of each test sample. These values are used to give per-sample weights for different information sources in classifier combination.
Parenting Behaviors and Anxiety in Young Adults Effortful Control as a Protective Factor

Parenting behaviors – specifically behaviors characterized by high control, intrusiveness, rejection, and overprotection – and effortful control have each been implicated in the development of anxiety pathology. However, little research has examined the protective role of effortful control in the relation between parenting and anxiety symptoms, specifically among adults. Thus, we sought to explore the unique and interactive effects of parenting and effortful control on anxiety among adults (N = 162). Results suggest that effortful control uniquely contributes to anxiety symptoms above and beyond that of any parenting behavior. Furthermore, effortful control acted as a moderator of the relationship between parental overprotection and anxiety, such that overprotection is associated with anxiety only in individuals with lower levels of effortful control. Implications for potential prevention and intervention efforts which specifically target effortful control are discussed. These findings underscore the importance of considering individual differences in self-regulatory abilities when examining associations between putative early-life risk factors, such as parenting, and anxiety symptoms.