Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ALL THINKING IS WISHFUL THINKING 1 All Thinking is “ Wishful ” Thinking

Whether one looks at ethology, social neuroscience, behavioral psychology, machine learning, or the societal implications of ‘fake news’, questions about epistemic motivation keep emerging. While people often seek new information and eagerly update their beliefs, at other times they avoid information or resist revising their knowledge. So, what are the principles behind our truth-seeking? We argue, from psychological and optimality principles, there is no ‘truth’: optimal belief updating has a mixed motivation base, where epistemic affordances contextualize prior beliefs. This perspective offers a nuanced picture of knowledge-seeking and updating – that can be underwritten by formal (active inference) accounts. Expected free energy and epistemics : This graphic illustrates the relationship between variational and expected free energy – and how the minimization of expected free energy relates to well-known schemes in the neurosciences and behavioral economics literature. The shows the variational free energy decomposed into its constituent parts. These can be variously rearranged to be interpreted in terms of energy minus entropy – or complexity minus accuracy . The second equalities are the expectations or averages of variational free energy under a predictive belief about outcomes and their causes (hidden states) in the future. These have been written to show that expected inaccuracy corresponds to ambiguity , while expected complexity corresponds to risk . We can rearrange these terms to show that this is equivalent to a mixture of epistemic value – of the sort considered in visual foraging
On Automatic Summarization of Dutch Legal Cases

As is true for many other domains, the legal domain saw an increase in digitization over the last decade. In the Netherlands, this is reflected in the usage of the European Case Law Identifier encoding to freely and openly publish Dutch legal cases. Currently, only 5% of all Dutch legal cases is published this way. The aim is to bring this percentage up to 75% in the coming years. There is a need for published cases to contain a summary highlighting the contents of a case. Such summaries would make it much easier to search for relevant cases. Approximately 460 thousand cases that are currently published contain a case text and a case summary. Writing summaries for cases is a timeconsuming and a non-trivial task. Therefore, we studied the feasibility of using automatic summarization to automate this process for Dutch legal cases. As a first step, we collected and preprocessed all published legal cases into a single dataset. This Rechtspraak dataset consists of 100201 case-summary pairs suitable for automatic summarization. This dataset then was analyzed using a framework that was recently proposed for this goal. Subsequently, an experiment was designed to train and evaluate a BART model on the dataset. This is a sequence-to-sequence model using a transformerarchitecture. To this end, two systems were considered. In one case, the full dataset was used to fine-tune the BART model. In the other case, the dataset was first clustered into six subsets, after which a separate BART model was fine-tuned for each cluster. This technique of prior-clustering was not explored before in the field of automatic summarization. The obtained models were evaluated in two phases. First, the common ROUGE metrics were computed. Second, a recently proposed protocol for human evaluation of automatically generated summaries was followed to evaluate forty cases and accompanying summaries. The results of this evaluation showed that the automatically generated summaries are of a slightly worse quality than the reference summaries. For most metrics, however, the difference is only small. Only with respect to the relevance of the generated summaries there is more room for improvement. In comparison with the full dataset model, clustering has a moderately negative effect on the quality of the generated summaries and therefore is not recommended. On the whole, automatic summarization techniques show promising results when applied to Dutch legal cases. We argue that they can readily be applied to new case texts if human summarization of these case texts is not feasible for any reason.
Strategies for Mammalian Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation into Primordial Germ Cell-Like Cells: A Review

Primordial germ cells develop into oocytes and sperm cells. These cells are useful resources in reproductive biology and regenerative medicine. The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been examined for in vitro production of primordial germ cell-like cells (PGLCs). This study aimed to summarize the existing protocols for MSCs differentiation into PGLCs. In limited identified studies, various models of MSCs, including those derived from adipose tissue, bone marrow, and Wharton's jelly, have been successfully differentiated in to PGLCs. Although the protocols of specification induction are basically very similar, they have been adjusted to the mesenchymal cell type and the species of origin. The availability of MSCs has made it possible to customize conditions for their differentiation into PGLCs in several models, including humans. Refining germ cell-related signaling pathways during induced differentiation of MSCs will help to define extension to the protocols for PGLCs production.
METODE RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORK (RNN) DENGAN ARSITEKTUR LSTM UNTUK ANALISIS SENTIMEN OPINI PUBLIK TERKAIT VAKSIN COVID-19

— Understanding public opinion sentiment regarding COVID-19 vaccines is a challenge to increase vaccine acceptance in society. Various advantages have been realized as a result of sentiment analysis technologies, notably in the health industry. Sentiment Analysis enables us to have a better understanding of how vaccine recipients feel and think. RNN-LSTM is a type of deep learning algorithm that is frequently used in research on sentiment analysis. This study proposes an RNN model using the Bidirectional LSTM Layer architecture (Bi-LSTM) to optimize the processing of the contextual information contained in the incoming data. It is because it processes data both forward and backward. And adding variational dropout mechanism to LSTM layer, may aid in model performance improvement and avoid overfitting. However, the success and optimization of a deep learning model are highly dependent on the selected hyperparameters. So in this study, experiments on parameters were carried out. The Bi-LSTM model with the following hyperparameter configuration: maxlen = 50, embedding size= 300, recurrent unit = 50, variational dropout = 0.25, Nadam optimizer, and epoch = 100 is capable of classifying public opinion on the COVID-19 vaccine into three sentiment categories (positive, neutral, and negative). The assessment findings indicate that the BI-LSTM model
Minority Student Experiences in Engineering Graduate Programs: Socialization and Impact on Career Trajectories

This paper examines the academic and social interactions during graduate engineering program enrollment among racially underrepresented doctoral and master’s students and how those interactions shape their career goals. Using socialization theory, this study explored daily interactions of students with faculty and peers, overall perceptions of fit, knowledge about the graduate school process, and opportunities for mentoring provided in the institution as well as through outside engagement during industry internships. The findings presented in this paper build upon an earlier study conducted at one university to a national research sample. Quantitative and qualitative data provide evidence that underscores the importance of having a supportive and accessible faculty advisor, the need for mentoring programs and peer groups that students from traditionally minoritized in engineering can identify with, and the role that regular feedback and clear expectations can provide in shaping the academic and social interactions of underrepresented engineering graduate students. This national study is comprised of 109 underrepresented domestic engineering graduate students who identified themselves as African American, Black, Hispanic, or Native American. Results show that in addition to the academic and social interactions in an academic setting, internship opportunities and related interactions in industry-based settings can play an important role in shaping the career trajectories of minoritized graduate students enrolled in engineering programs. The findings from this study can better inform the design of diverse, inclusive, and supportive graduate communities that encourage long-term careers in engineering fields in industry and academia.
Rapid Identiﬁcation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus by Whole-Cell Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (cid:1) †

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a pathogenic marine bacterium that is the main causative agent of bacterial seafood-borne gastroenteritis in the United States. An increase in the frequency of V. parahaemolyticus related infections during the last decade has been attributed to the emergence of an O3:K6 pandemic clone in 1995. The diversity of the O3:K6 pandemic clone and its serovariants has been examined using multiple molecular techniques including multilocus sequence analysis, pulsed-ﬁeld gel electrophoresis, and group- speciﬁc PCR analysis. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of ﬂight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has become a powerful tool for rapidly distinguishing between related bacterial species. In the current study, we demonstrate the development of a whole-cell MALDI-TOF MS method for the distinction of V. parahaemolyticus from other Vibrio spp. We identiﬁed 30 peaks that were present only in the spectra of the V. parahaemolyticus strains examined in this study that may be developed as MALDI-TOF MS biomarkers for identiﬁcation of V. parahaemolyticus . We detected variation in the MALDI-TOF spectra of V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from different geographical locations and at different times. The MALDI-TOF MS spectra of the V. parahaemolyticus strains examined were distinct from those of the other Vibrio species examined including the closely related V. alginolyticus , V. harveyi , and V. campbellii . The results of this study demonstrate the ﬁrst use of whole-cell MALDI-TOF MS analysis for the rapid identiﬁcation of V. parahaemolyticus . as previously described (44). The Dice coefﬁcient with single linkages was used for cluster analysis of MALDI-TOF MS data. Identiﬁcation of potential biomarker peaks. Representative peaks that were present in the MALDI-TOF MS proﬁles of multiple species and strains for possible use as biomarkers for species and strain level identiﬁcation were iden- tiﬁed using the ExPASy TagIdent tool (16). We examined the presence of peaks within the m/z range of singly and doubly charged cytochrome c that may be due to matrix or positive ion adducts with Na (cid:3) , Mg 2 (cid:3) , K (cid:3) , and Ca 2 (cid:3) . Peaks differing between the (cid:4) opaR strain and RIMD2210633 MALDI-TOF MS spectra and the (cid:4) mutS strain and ATCC 17802 spectra were examined by comparison with predicted proteins of the RIMD2210633 genome using TagIdent (16). The (cid:4) opaR and (cid:4) mutS mutants were constructed as previously described (19). PFGE
COMPARING SOLUTION STRATEGIES TO PROMOTE ALGEBRA LEARNING AND FLEXIBILITY

Comparing solution strategies is an effective way to promote mathematics learning, especially students’ procedural flexibility. Indeed, teachers is Asian countries such as Japan often have students compare multiple strategies for solving problems during mathematics instruction (Richland, Zur, & Holyoak, 2007; Shimizu, 1999). To leverage comparison in mathematics instruction more broadly, evidence-based guidelines are needed for how to use comparison effectively. We review our classroom-based research on using comparison to help U.S. students learn algebra, with the goal of developing such evidence-based guidelines. In short-term experimental, classroom-based studies, comparing different solution strategies for solving the same problem was particularly effective for supporting procedural flexibility across students, such as the ability to solve the same problem in multiple ways and to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of different solution strategies. It was also effective for supporting conceptual and procedural knowledge among students with some prior knowledge of one of the strategies. We next developed a supplemental Algebra 1 curriculum to foster use of comparison. In our initial evaluation, we conducted a randomized-control trial with teachers and their students in Grades 8 and 9. Teachers used our supplemental materials much less often than expected, and student learning was not greater in classrooms that had been assigned to use our materials. Students’ procedural knowledge was positively related to greater implementation of the intervention, suggesting the approach has promise when used sufficiently often. In on-going research, we are working to better support Algebra teachers in their effective use of comparing solution strategies, with an emphasis on the importance of student explanation and discussion of the comparisons. We increased support for having high-quality class discussions through a classroom routine and additional professional development, and this approach seems to be effective. We also specified which of our materials to use when within their existing curricula and designed unit assessments to reveal the conceptual knowledge and procedural flexibility that our materials are meant to promote. Data collection is on going. Overall, research some evidence-based how to use comparison effectively, including (a) regular and frequent comparison of multiple strategies, particularly after students have developed some fluency with one initial strategy; (b) judicious selection of strategies and problems to compare; (c) carefully-designed visual presentation of the multiple strategies; and (d) use of small group and whole class discussions around the comparison of multiple strategies, focusing on the similarities, differences, affordances, and constraints of the different strategies. We continue to work on ways to effectively support teachers in their implementation of this approach.
Nutritional, Sensory and Biological Study of Biscuits Fortified With Red Beet Roots Nutritional, Sensory and Biological Study of Biscuits Fortified With Red Beet

: The use of red beet roots powder and extract in the preparation of biscuits and the effect of consumption of these biscuits on injured liver in experimental rats were studied. The results revealed that beet powder orbeet extractincorporation to biscuits increased protein and ash contents as well as fiber, moisture contents and caloric value. Biscuit fortified with beet extract showed higher sensory values in comparing with biscuit with beet powder. Biological study was carried on forty male rats which administered 0.5 ml/rat /by back subcutaneous of CCl4 in paraffin oil for two days from the start of the experimental period for inducing rats liver injury. Rats were classified into control (+ve) group, control biscuit group, beet powder biscuit group and beet extract biscuit group. The experimental period was 45 days. Biscuit with beet powder and biscuit with beet extractrat groups showed a significant increase in body weight gain and FER and liver antioxidant enzymesbut showed a significant decrease in liver function enzymes in serum and liver cholesterol and total lipids compared with both control (+ve) and control biscuit rat groups. This study investigated that addition of red beet root to biscuits increase nutritional values and acceptability, and also showed improvement of liver function enzymes and antioxidant in injured liver rats. Roots. 2013; 10(3):
US Government’s Engagement in Social Media -- A Case Study of How Government Promote COVID-19 Vaccination

This article aims to discover what the US government finds to be effective speech techniques. To do so, data of 92 vaccination-related microblogs on the social media site Twitter between in the month of February 2021 were compiled and categorized as per Searle’s speech acts. It is found that governmental tweets embodied four speech acts and abundantly cited microblogs from other people or agency. Aristotle’s rhetorical strategies, the ethos, logos and pathos appeals, were employed to explain the reason behind the findings.
Nb3Sn Magnet Development at LBNL

Author(s): Sabbi, G | Abstract: Starting with the invention of the cyclotron by Lawrence, accelerator-based experiments have been the primary source of new discoveries in particle physics. In order to progress toward higher energy and luminosity, higher field magnets are required. RaD programs are underway to take advantage of new developments in superconducting materials, achieve better efficiency and simplify magnet fabrication while preserving accelerator-class field quality. LBNL has been developing accelerator magnet technology towards progressively higher fields, using Nb3Sn conductor in different coil configurations. We present prototype test results and design studies of accelerator magnets aiming at coil peak fields above 15 Tesla.
End-to-End Kurdish Speech Synthesis Based on Transfer Learning

A text-to-speech (TTS) system converts the texts into speech in a specific language. Several TTS systems generate natural-like speech signals in numerous languages, such as English. On the other hand, the Kurdish language has just been examined. Existing preliminary research on Kurdish speech synthesis has utilized old methods and has generated low-quality speech. They also lack important aspects of speech, including intonation, emphasis, and rhythm. Some approaches were presented to address these challenges, including the use of concatenative systems. For example, the unit selection or statistical parametric methods. On the other hand, they need a great deal of time, effort, and domain knowledge. An additional factor for Kurdish speech synthesizers' low performance is the absence of publicly available speech corpora, unlike English, which has many freely-available corpora and audiobooks. The motivation of this paper is to create a Central Kurdish speech corpus and generate a human-like speech from the Kurdish text. This paper explains how to utilize Tacotron 2, an end-to-end neural network architecture and HiFi-GAN vocoder, to produce a high-quality, realistic, and human-like Kurdish voice. This work utilizes "text, audio" pairings, which contain 10 hours of recorded audio samples and texts collected from the Internet and textbooks. It shows how to use English character embedding as the pre-trained knowledge with Kurdish characters as input and how to preprocess these audio examples to get a great outcome. Our evaluations for various types of texts show a mean opinion score of 4.1, comparable with state-of-the-art synthesizers in other languages. 2022 Production by the University of Garmian. This is an open access article under the LICENSE https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Biomethanation and Vermiculture Technology for the Horticultural Waste Management in Jabalpur, M.P

Biomethanation is a mechanism to receive "biogas. " It is a clean, effective and a strong fossil-fuel substituent. In this paper we will discuss the optimum production of Biogas from different mixing ratios of Horticultural Waste (HW), Cow Dung (CD) and Poultry Waste (PW) using gravel filter as well as analysingthe biofertilizer and vermicompost. Horticultural waste/cow dung mixing ratios are (HW, CD) 1:1, 1:2, 1:3. The results showed that the co-digestion greatly affected the production of biogas and the yield of methane. Maximum production of biogas is seen in the ratio 1:1. Likewise, the mixing ratios of cow dung, poultry waste and horticultural waste are also defined in order to evaluate the product's improvement. The higher yields of biogas from the ratio 1:1:1 (CD, PWand HW) were achieved. Gravel filter was used and wash water from various ratios of waste was collected and analysed and then vermicomposting of the decomposted waste using earthworms was performed and this vermicompost analysis was also performed.
Compassionate Mind Training (CMT) in Self-Critical Students

: Students who have self- criticism, high shame and it is hard for them to accept his/herself and are afraid of self-warmth, compassionate mind training was formulated for them. This study consisted of participants whose understanding, acceptance and abilities were used to practice the compassion focused process and effectiveness of CMT using an uncontrolled trial method. 70 participants were recruited and assessed through questionnaires. The aim of the study was to find out the effectiveness of CMT and participants were requested to take active part in training. Results showed that CMT significantly enhances the person’s feelings of self -warmth, self-soothing and self-reassurance. It was proven that CMT is effective for self-shame and self-doubt in adults. Intervention programs should be designed to promote self-warmth in adults. In order to promote hope and acceptance in adults, awareness and guidance can be provided regarding these problems in adults.
An Approach to Enhance the Timeliness of Wireless Communications

—Wireless technologies are the present and the future of network communications. However, the support of real-time data transmission in wireless communications — providing support for execution of well-timed networked operations — is still an open issue, not fully addressed by current wireless network standards and technologies. Thus, this paper proposes a solution to enhance the timeliness of wireless communications without a need for fundamental modiﬁcations to the standard speciﬁcations. The IEEE 802.15. 4 wireless network is used as a relevant case study. Our main contributions in this paper are: ( a ) a proposal to enhance the timeliness of wireless communications; ( b ) the extension of the data frame transmission service in order to control the effects of temporary partitions caused by disturbances in the medium and medium access control protocols; ( c ) a strategy to reduce the negative effects caused by the aforementioned disturbances.