Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BRAIN TUMOR SEGMENTATION BASED ON RANDOM FOREST

LÁSZLÓ LEFKOVITS, SZIDÓNIA LEFKOVITS and MIRCEA-FLORIN VAIDA Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Technical and Human Sciences, Sapientia University, Tg. Mureş, Romania Department of Informatics, Faculty of Science and Letters “Petru Maior” University, Tg. Mureş, Romania Department of Communications, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania Corresponding author: lefkolaci@ms.sapientia. ro
Long word addition: A statistical approach for high speed arithmetic applications

Encryption algorithms need high performance computations based on large data width operators. Traditional improvements of the carry propagation delay have often implied increasing the silicon surface. This paper presents a formalized approach for arithmetic operators using large data width. We will focus on the arithmetic adder. Our approach uses a statistical evaluation of the carry propagation delay which is considered better than the critical path delay. The designed operator will be used to implement Modular Multiplication intended for RSA cryptography applications.
Maternal Mthfd 1 disruption impairs fetal growth but does not cause neural tube defects in mice 1 – 3

Background: MTHFD1 encodes C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, which is a folate-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the formation and interconversion of folate-activated one-carbon groups for nucleotide biosynthesis and cellular methylation. A polymorphism in MTHFD1 (1958G/A) impairs enzymatic activity and is associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, but the mechanisms are unknown. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether disruption of the embryonic or maternal Mthfd1 gene or both interacts with impaired folate and choline status to affect neural tube closure, fetal growth, and fertility in mice and to investigate the underlying metabolic disruptions. Design: Dams with a gene-trapped (gt) allele in Mthfd1 and wildtype dams were fed a control or folateand choline-deficient AIN93G diet (Dyets Inc). Litters were examined for gross morphologic defects, crown-rump length, and resorptions. Folate status and amounts of folate-related metabolites were determined in pregnant dams. Results: Reduced folate and choline status resulted in severe fetal growth restriction (FGR) and impaired fertility in litters harvested from Mthfd1 dams, but embryonic Mthfd1 genotype did not affect fetal growth. Gestational supplementation of Mthfd1 dams with hypoxanthine increased FGR frequency and caused occasional neural tube defects (NTDs) in Mthfd1 embryos. Mthfd1 dams exhibited lower red blood cell folate and plasma methionine concentrations than did wild-type dams. Conclusions: Maternal Mthfd1 genotype impairs fetal growth but does not cause NTDs when dams are maintained on a folateand choline-deficient diet. Mthfd1 mice exhibit a spectrum of adverse reproductive outcomes previously attributed to the human MTHFD1 1958G/A polymorphism. Mthfd1 heterozygosity impairs folate status in pregnant mice but does not significantly affect homocysteine metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111. 030783.
Tetrapotassium cis-dioxido-trans-bis(sulfato-κO)sulfato(κ2 O,O′)molybdate(VI)

The title compound, K4[MoVIO2(SO4)3], was precipitated from a melt of molybdenum(VI) oxide and potassium sulfate in potassium disulfate. The compound contains monomeric [MoVIO2(SO4)3]4− anions, with the MoVI atom, both oxide ligands, and the S atom and both ligating O atoms of the bidentate sulfate group lying on a crystallographic mirror plane. One of the potassium cations is nine-coordinate, while the other is eight-coordinate.
Anoxic nitrification in marine sediments

Nitrate peaks are found in pore-water profiles in marine sediments at depths consider- ably below the conventional zone of oxic nitrification. These have been interpreted to represent non- steady-state effects produced by the activity of nitrifying bacteria, and suggest that nitrification occurs throughout the anoxic sediment region. In this study, ΣNO3 peaks and molecular analysis of DNA and RNA extracted from anoxic sediments of Loch Duich, an organic-rich marine fjord, are con- sistent with nitrification occurring in the anoxic zone. Analysis of ammonia oxidiser 16S rRNA gene fragments amplified from sediment DNA indicated the abundance of autotrophic ammonia-oxidising bacteria throughout the sediment depth sampled (40 cm), while RT-PCR analysis indicated their potential activity throughout this region. A large non-steady-state pore-water ΣNO3 peak at ~21 cm correlated with discontinuities in this ammonia-oxidiser community. In addition, a subsurface nitrate peak at ~8 cm below the oxygen penetration depth, correlated with the depth of a peak in nitrifica- tion rate, assessed by transformation of 15 N-labelled ammonia. The source of the oxidant required to support nitrification within the anoxic region is uncertain. It is suggested that rapid recycling of N is occurring, based on a coupled reaction involving Mn oxides (or possibly highly labile Fe oxides) buried during small-scale slumping events. However, to fully investigate this coupling, advances in the capability of high-resolution pore-water techniques are required.
Robust Engineering of Networked Embedded Systems Technology ( NEST )

Motivation: Among these new, large complex systems are Networked Embedded Systems, composed of hundreds or thousands of components, each of which communicates with neighbors, and each of which is connected, via sensors or actuators, with its physical environment. Tasks for the ensemble are dynamically assignable, and require reliable and predictable performance even though the components are individually unreliable. There are enormous possibilities for application of such systems for defense as well as civilian applications, including maintenance and support of vehicles and weapons, large amorphous sensor grids, and smart materials, to name a few. These systems are now feasible because: 1) Moore’s law continues to reduce the cost of computation and memory; 2) Wireless networking (e.g. IEEE 802.11) can provide high bandwidth (at least in a local area); and 3) MEMS technology can affordably integrate computation with sensors and effectors.
A Brief Group Intervention for Young Children with Feeding Problems

A brief, yet comprehensive group feeding intervention is described involving parents and children under 5 attending four weekly group sessions followed by 1 month follow-up. Families were referred by community-based professionals for a range of feeding difficulties, however, they were not known to local child and adolescent health mental health services. These families were from Tower Hamlets in the East End of London and considered `hard to reach'. Having not previously accessed mainstream services, an outreach-based approach was required. The group involves a focused and structured approach using educational, psychological and behavioural techniques. In addition, weekly food tasks allowed important observation of parental and child behaviours in relation to food. Interventions and challenges were developed on the basis of parent reports and often contrasting observations during food tasks. A feeding questionnaire has been used to evaluate the four groups completed to date. A single case study is presented here with reference to outcome measures. This is an evolving project showing good initial results on the basis of individual measures and parental reports.
Rat monoclonal antibodies against Aspergillus galactomannan

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against Aspergillus fumigatus galactomannan were produced in rats. Seven of them, EB-A1 through EB-A7, were characterized in more detail. They were all immunoglobulin M antibodies, reacting in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with purified A. fumigatus galactomannan, with avidity constants of between 2 x 10(9) and 5 x 10(9)/M. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition experiments with modified galactomannan and synthetic oligomers of beta (1----5)galactofuranose demonstrated that the MAbs bound to an epitope located on the beta(1----5)galactofuranose-containing side chains of the galactomannan molecule. An identical or similar epitope also seemed to be present in other fungi. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy experiments with EB-A2 revealed the presence of the antigen in the fungal wall and inside the cell. Immunoblotting experiments demonstrated that the epitope recognized by the MAbs was a common oligosaccharide moiety of a wide range of intracellular and extracellular glycoproteins in A. fumigatus. The characteristics of the MAbs justify their use in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis by antigen detection.
Stored Word Sequences in Language Learning

Recent accounts of the development of grammar propose that children remember utterances they hear and draw generalizations over these stored exemplars. This study tested these accounts' assumption that children store utterances as wholes by testing memory for familiar sequences of words. Using a newly available, dense corpus of child-directed speech, we identified frequently occurring chunks in the input (e.g., sit in your chair) and matched them to infrequent sequences (e.g., sit in your truck). We tested young children's ability to produce these sequences in a sentence-repetition test. Three-year-olds (n = 21) and 2-year-olds (n = 17) were significantly more likely to repeat frequent sequences correctly than to repeat infrequent sequences correctly. Moreover, the 3-year-olds were significantly faster to repeat the first three words of an item if they formed part of a chunk (e.g., they were quicker to say sit in your when the following word was chair than when it was truck). We discuss the implications of these results for theories of language development and processing.
Linear quadratic suboptimal control for time delays systems

In this contribution we propose to extend the well-known iterative procedure for the synthesis of suboptimal control laws for linear delay free control system introduced in Vaisbord (1963) to the case of control systems with pointwise and distributed delays. The iterative procedure is based on the idea of the approximate construction of the Bellman functional in the form of quadratic Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals. The procedure at each step generates a new stabilising suboptimal control law that reduces the value of the quadratic performance index. We present in this contribution formulas for the computation of control laws.
Synthesis of uniformly deuterated n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside (d39-DDM) for solubilization of membrane proteins in TROSY NMR experiments.

This work reports the first synthesis of uniformly deuterated n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside (d39-DDM). DDM is a mild non-ionic detergent often used in the extraction and purification of membrane proteins and for solubilizing them in experimental studies of their structure, dynamics and binding of ligands. We required d39-DDM for solubilizing large α-helical membrane proteins in samples for [(15)N-(1)H]TROSY (transverse relaxation-optimized spectroscopy) NMR experiments to achieve the highest sensitivity and best resolved spectra possible. Our synthesis of d39-DDM used d7-D-glucose and d25-n-dodecanol to introduce deuterium labelling into both the maltoside and dodecyl moieties, respectively. Two glucose molecules, one converted to a glycosyl acceptor with a free C4 hydroxyl group and one converted to a glycosyl donor substituted at C1 with a bromine in the α-configuration, were coupled together with an α(1 → 4) glycosidic bond to give maltose, which was then coupled with n-dodecanol by its substitution of a C1 bromine in the α-configuration to give DDM. (1)H NMR spectra were used to confirm a high level of deuteration in the synthesized d39-DDM and to demonstrate its use in eliminating interfering signals from TROSY NMR spectra of a 52-kDa sugar transport protein solubilized in DDM.
From DSSs to cooperative systems: some hard problems still remain

We review the main concepts put forward by the designers of joint cognitive systems and cooperative systems. We claim that all these systems, as well as decision support systems, stumble on the same difficulties related to man-machine cooperation. Apart from technical difficulties coming from present computer inabilities and from psychological or sociological problems, we show that despite the efforts to enrich representations and models, and to understand cooperation, the remaining weaknesses of all the systems from DSS to cooperative systems are due to insufficient representation flexibility, lack of knowledge self-acquisition and learning and finally, lack of adaptability.
Hydrothermal synthesis and crystal structure of a new lanthanum(III) coordination polymer with fumaric acid

The title compound, poly[diaquatris(μ4-but-2-enedioato)(μ2-but-2-enedioic acid)dilanthanum(III)], [La2(C4H2O4)3(C4H4O4)(H2O)2]n, was synthesized by the reaction of lanthanum chloride pentahydrate with fumaric acid under hydrothermal conditions. The asymmetric unit comprises an LaIII cation, one and a half fumarate dianions (L 2−), one a half-molecule of fumaric acid (H2 L) and one coordinated water molecule. Each LaIII cation has the same nine-coordinate environment and is surrounded by eight O atoms from seven distinct fumarate moieties, including one protonated fumarate unit and one water molecule in a distorted tricapped trigonal–prismatic environment. The LaO8(H2O) polyhedra centres are edge-shared through three carboxylate bridges of the fumarate ligand, forming chains in three dimensions to construct the MOF. The crystal structure is stabilized by O—H⋯O hydrogen-bond interactions between the coordinated water molecule and the carboxylate O atoms, and also between oxygen atoms of fumaric acid
A fine contact motion of manipulators based on learning control

The transitional motion when a robotic manipulator and a workpiece first make contact is fundamental and occurs frequently. The authors propose a learning controller to improve the contact motion. The learning controller has two features. It observes input and output signals at different periods to improve the transient response of the system; and it can modify an initial state of the system, which includes an approaching velocity of the manipulator. By modifying the approach velocity, a fine contact motion can be achieved, because the magnitude of the impact force depends on the approach velocity. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. <<ETX>>
Integrated mass surveillance system for large scale events

Nowadays festivals and city events attract huge number of visitors and unfortunately in large masses a minor panic could have incalculable consequences despite of the organizers' efforts to do everything for participants' safety. Therefore we have developed an integrated mass surveillance system based on crowdsensing data, where the system helps authorities and organizers in information gathering about the actual dynamics of the crowd. Based on real time and representative information, they are able to perform fast and targeted interventions.
Detection of Echinococcus multilocularis DNA in fox faeces using DNA amplification

SUMMARY In order to identify Echinococcus multilocularis DNA in fox faeces for epidemiological purposes, we have developed a new method to prepare DNA suitable for PCR amplification. DNA isolation from fox excrement was performed according to a novel procedure involving lysis in KOH, phenol–chloroform extraction and a purification step on a matrix (Prep-A-Gene®). The target sequence for amplification was the E. multilocularis U1 snRNA gene. PCR products were indistinguishable for 32 different E. multilocularis isolates and no signal was observed after ethidium bromide staining with DNAs from other tapeworm species, including E. granulosus. The sensitivity of amplification was monitored by the addition of E. multilocularis DNA or eggs to faeces free of E. multilocularis and was estimated to be 1 egg per 4 g of faeces. PCR products were blotted onto nylon membranes and hybridized with an internal oligonucleotide probe in order to confirm the results. Twenty nine faecal samples from foxes shot in Franche-Comté (East France) were tested. Out of 10 samples from foxes in which no E. multilocularis adult worms could be observed after necropsy, 7 were PCR positive, showing that the PCR test is more sensitive than microscopical examination. Out of 19 samples from foxes harbouring E. multilocularis adult worms, 18 were PCR positive. The remaining PCR-negative sample could be due either to the misidentification of the species of adult worm (E. granulosus and E. multilocularis), or to DNA variation between different isolates of E. multilocularis. Further work in the field should be initiated in order to confirm these results.
Rapid calculations of susceptibility-induced magnetostatic field perturbations for in vivo magnetic resonance

Static magnetic field perturbations generated by variations of magnetic susceptibility within samples reduce the quality and integrity of magnetic resonance measurements. These perturbations are difficult to predict in vivo where wide variations of internal magnetic susceptibility distributions are common. Recent developments have provided rapid computational means of estimating static field inhomogeneity within the small susceptibility limits of materials typically studied using magnetic resonance. Such a predictive mechanism could be a valuable tool for sequence simulation, field shimming and post-acquisition image correction. Here, we explore this calculation protocol and demonstrate its predictive power in estimating in vivo inhomogeneity within the human brain. Furthermore, we quantitatively explore the predictive limits of the computation. For in vivo comparison, a method of magnetic susceptibility registration using MRI and CT data is presented and utilized to carry out subject-specific inhomogeneity estimation. Using this algorithm, direct comparisons in human brain and phantoms are made between field map acquisitions and calculated inhomogeneity. Distortion correction in echo-planar images due to static field inhomogeneity is also demonstrated using the computed field maps.
Ontology-Based Information Extraction from Free-Form Text

Abstract : Report developed under SBIR contract. In this Phase I SBIR research we demonstrated the feasibility of an information extraction (IE) system that can leverage semantic representations to significantly increase end-to-end recall for the IE task while maintaining or improving precision. Our end-to-end Ontology-Based IE (OBIE) system combines machine learning techniques with a novel architecture built around a shared domain ontology. This architecture enables interaction between different levels of the IE processing stream simultaneously through the shared ontology. By incorporating hierarchical knowledge in their learning algorithms, IE modules can perform their extraction tasks with greater depth and accuracy. Bootstrapping algorithms were extended to automatically learn the ontology of a new domain, to assist in training the IE components, and to reduce the burden of annotation on the end-user. Broad-coverage and rare-case extraction rules were augmented by classifiers induced from the trained ontology to shore up the precision typically lost by such rules. Performance metrics allow a preliminary characterization of recall and precision gains enabled by the proposed architecture. Our Phase I research and development of a proof-of-concept prototype demonstrated the feasibility and utility of OBIE's ontology-based IE capability and provides a solid foundation for our Phase implementation.
Ab initio simulation of a 57‐residue protein in explicit solvent reproduces the native conformation in the lowest free‐energy cluster

An enhanced conformational sampling method, multicanonical molecular dynamics (McMD), was applied to the ab intio folding of the 57‐residue first repeat of human glutamyl‐ prolyl‐tRNA synthetase (EPRS‐R1) in explicit solvent. The simulation started from a fully extended structure of EPRS‐R1 and did not utilize prior structural knowledge. A canonical ensemble, which is a conformational ensemble thermodynamically probable at an arbitrary temperature, was constructed by reweighting the sampled structures. Conformational clusters were obtained from the canonical ensemble at 300 K, and the largest cluster (i.e., the lowest free‐energy cluster), which contained 34% of the structures in the ensemble, was characterized by the highest similarity to the NMR structure relative to all alternative clusters. This lowest free‐energy cluster included native‐like structures composed of two anti‐parallel α‐helices. The canonical ensemble at 300 K also showed that a short Gly‐containing segment, which adopts an α‐helix in the native structure, has a tendency to be structurally disordered. Atomic‐level analyses demonstrated clearly that inter‐residue hydrophobic interactions drive the helix formation of the Gly‐containing segment, and that increasing the hydrophobic contacts accompanies exclusion of water molecules from the vicinity of this segment. This study has shown, for the first time, that the free‐energy landscape of a structurally well‐ordered protein of about 60 residues is obtainable with an all atom model in explicit water without prior structural knowledge.
Electrochemical Biosensors for the Determination of Toxic Substances Related to Food Safety Developed in South America: Mycotoxins and Herbicides

The goal of achieving food safety and quality has become increasingly important in relevant areas. The achievement of this objective includes a significant effort in different areas related to the production of raw materials, storage, transportation, etc. One of the central areas in the verification of food safety and food quality control is related to the analysis of food components and, in particular, possible toxic substances that they may contain. Therefore, the demand for appropriate methods for the determination of these substances is increasingly demanding. Thus, not only is accuracy and precision sought in the results of the analysis, but also the speed, simplicity and lowering of costs. In this way, electrochemical techniques and, particularly, electrochemical biosensors have emerged in recent times as good candidates to satisfy such requirements. This review summarizes the advances made in research and development centers located in South American countries related to the development of electrochemical biosensors for the determination of toxic substances present in foods, particularly mycotoxins and herbicides.
Iron-Core Coils for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Summary Transcranial magnetic stimulation requires a great deal of power, which mandates bulky power supplies and produces rapid coil heating. The authors describe the construction, modeling, and testing of an iron-core TMS coil that reduces power requirements and heat generation substantially, while improving the penetration of the magnetic field. Experimental measurements and numeric boundary element analysis show that the iron-core stimulation coil induces much stronger electrical fields, allows greater charge recovery, and generates less heat than air-core counterparts when excited on a constant-energy basis. These advantages are magnified in constant-effect comparisons. Examples are given in which the iron-core coil allows more effective operation in research and clinical applications.