Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Employment Outcomes of Ethnic Minorities in Spain: Towards Increasing Economic Incorporation among Immigrants and the Second Generation?

This article examines the labour market outcomes of immigrants in Spain, a country that has become a migration destination only since the end of the 1990s. Differentiating between first and second generation of immigrant descent, we compare the labour market involvement of the main ethnic groups with the majority group. One particular focus is to understand which minorities have been hit the hardest by the Great Recession. To this end, we use data from the European Union Labour Force Survey for the years 2008 and 2014, and more specifically the two ad-hoc modules on the labour market situation of migrants. Analysing men and women separately, we run a set of multivariate logistic regression models to control for compositional differences. In this way, we examine ethnic gaps not only in labour force participation but also in the degree of underutilisation of human capital, measured as workers’ level of over-education as well as the incidence of involuntary part-time employment. Our results show that while most origin groups do not show significantly lower employment participation than the majority group, the employment quality of immigrants in terms of involuntary part-time work and over-education is substantially worse, especially since the crisis.
Short review: the mechanisms of radiocaesium uptake by Arabidopsis roots

Harmful radiocaesium isotopes (Cs and Cs) arise from the manufacture and testing of thermonuclear weapons, and from intentional and unintentional discharges from nuclear installations [49]. They enter the terrestrial food chain through plants, and their presence in edible portions impacts on both health and commerce. The physical half-life of Cs is 2.06 years, and that of Cs is 30.17 years. Root cells take up Cs from the soil solution [49]. The cation then traverses the root via a symplastic pathway formed by the interconnected cytoplasm of root cells linked by plasmodesmata, and is loaded into the xylem for translocation to the shoot [47]. Only about 20% of the Cs delivered to the shoot via the xylem is retained by the shoot, and most is returned to the root via the phloem for recirculation within the plant [9, 21]. Thus, it is argued that the physiological process impacting most on Cs accumulation by a plant are the uptake of Cs from the rhizosphere and the delivery of Cs to the xylem. These processes are catalysed by transport proteins in the plasma membrane of root cells. This paper reviews our knowledge of the molecular Short review: the mechanisms of radiocaesium uptake by Arabidopsis roots Corrina R. Hampton, Martin R. Broadley, Philip J. White
Tribology of composites produced with recycled GFRP waste

Nowadays, is expected that for most materials to be environmentally friendly. Besides, waste from end-of-life products may be considered a secondary source of materials with an energetic advantage due to its high energy content. This paper deals with the study of friction and wear characteristics of Glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites with polyester/glass fiber (P/GF) waste as filler, replacing the widely used calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Polyester composites based on two or three components, using a combination of polyester, CaCO3, GF, and GF waste, were produced. Pin-on-disc sliding wear test was performed using a polished stainless steel counterface. Roughness, surface energy, and hardness of the composites were characterized before the tests. The GF content (15, 25, 35, and 50 wt.%), the sliding velocity (0.021 and 0.042 m/s), and the normal load (1, 5, and 10 N) were varied. Based on the experimental results, it was observed that the friction coefficient and wear rate were influenced by material composition, surface roughness and energy, adhesive, and abrasive contact mechanisms. P/GF composites having P/GF waste presented enhanced performance considering friction and wear in relation to those with CaCO3 in their composition.
Augmenting Employee Profiles with People-Tagging

Employee directories play a valuable role in helping people find others to collaborate with, solve a problem, or provide needed expertise. Serving this role successfully requires accurate and up-to-date user profiles, yet few users take the time to maintain them. In this paper, we present a system that enables users to tag other users with key words that are displayed on their profiles. We discuss how people-tagging is a form of social bookmarking that enables the community to maintain part of the employee directory. Analyses of the usage data from our system show that people have used tags for impression management and that they contribute distinctive information to the employee profile beyond the information available in the basic profile. We also report on initial feedback from users, which has been mostly positive. We conclude with a discussion of the social issues we have encountered based on our experience deploying a people-tagging application in a corporate environment.
Esterification Between Citric acid and Pumpkin Pips’ Organic Molecules – Esters Hydrolysis And Esters Used as Hydrocarbons Additives

Commonly, organicians used various technical like pressurized extraction, solvent extraction to extract essential oils and to isolate thereafter organics molecules in a vegetable organism. This new method consisted in extracting selectively and directly the organic molecules present in a vegetable organism, in this case the organic molecules present in pumpkin pips by esterification with citric acid molecules which were not only esterified by the alcohols and amines functions of the organic molecules present in the vegetable organism but also they esterified, by its alcohol functions, the acid function of the organic molecules present in the same vegetable organism. Operating conditions and procedure were taken into account and these allow us to reach an esterification rate equals to 72.80% at the most. Thus, esters of citric acid and esters of organic molecules’ acid present in the pumpkin pips in quantities but also with quality were obtained. The presence of xanthophyll esters, riboflavin esters, citric acid esters, well quality fatty-acid esters and probably amides of citric acid molecules were certain. That led us to do auto-inflammation tests of hydrocarbons (Super-Gasoil-Fueloil) with esters of pumpkin pips’ organic molecules as additives. Finally, trying to separate the organic molecules having been esterified or esterifying with the citric acid molecules, hydrolysis reaction tests were carried out with a regeneration rate of citric acid molecules equal to 36.50% compared with the initial citric acid molecules quantities and 50.14% compared with the total ester quantity of the sample. The extraction of pumpkin pips’ organic molecules like xanthophyll, riboflavin, well quality fatty-acids and probably other interesting organic molecules according to the bibliography were certain.
MALE CHARACTERISTICS AND FERTILISATION SUCCESS IN BLUETHROATS

Extra-pair copulations (EPCs) can create or intensify sexual selection and, provided that fertilisation success is related to phenotypic traits, help explain sexual dimorphism in socially monogamous species. Previous experimental manipulations of the ornamental coloration in male bluethroats, Luscinia s. svecica, have shown effects on their social mating success, mate-guarding behaviour, and within-pair- and extra-pair paternity. This study investigates the relationship between male characteristics (reflectance of the blue throat feathers, width of the chestnut breast band, wing length, body condition and age) and fertilisation success under natural, non-experimental conditions. Combining three breeding seasons, 29% of 720 offspring were sired by extra-pair males and 54% of 136 nests contained one or more extra-pair offspring. The chroma (spectral purity) of the blue throat feathers and the width of the chestnut band were positively related to paternity in own nest, and for blue chroma this translated into a significantly positive relation with total fertilisation success. This suggests that differential within-pair paternity success exerts directional selection on the colour signal. None of the throat colour measures or morphological traits were significantly related to overall extra-pair fertilisation (EPF) success. However, restricting the analysis to males with one or more EPFs, there was a positive relation between amount of extra-pair paternity and blue chroma. Old males were more successful than young ones in achieving EPFs. Pairwise comparisons showed no plumage differences between cuckolded males and the males that cuckolded them. The absence of phenotypic correlates of male EPC-success agrees with our recent finding that females improve offspring quality through individual choice of EPC partners with 'compatible genes' rather than 'good genes' in an absolute sense. Our results indicate that experiments where traits are manipulated outside the natural range should be interpreted with caution, and illustrate the importance of a dual approach (experimental and correlative) in studies of sexual selection in the wild.
Impacts of the Adoption of Genetically Engineered Crops on Farm Financial Performance

Abstract The rapid adoption of genetically engineered (GE) crops by U.S. farmers suggests that these technologies have been perceived to improve farm financial performance. This study develops and applies an econometric model to data from corn and soybean producers in order to evaluate the financial impacts of the adoption of GE crops. Results indicate that the adoption of GE crops has had a limited impact on financial performance that varies by crop, type of technology, type of farm, and region of the nation. Factors other than the financial impacts appear to be important reasons for the rapid adoption of GE crops.
Association between SNP Marker of Uncoupling Protein 3 Gene and Meat Yield and Marbling Score Traits in Korean Cattle

It is well established that uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) is expressed largely in skeletal muscle, white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue and has been suggested to play important roles in regulating energy expenditure, body weight, thermoregulation as well as fatty acid metabolism and obesity. Therefore, the UCP3 gene was selected as a candidate gene for carcass and meat quality traits in Korean cattle. The objective of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the UCP3 gene and to evaluate the association of UCP3 SNP markers with carcass and meat quality traits in Korean cattle. The five exons in the UCP3 gene were sequenced, and ten SNPs were identified. The PCR-SSCP method was then developed to genotype the individuals examined. The g.3076A>G genotype was significantly associated with marbling score (MS) of Korean cattle. Animals with the AA genotype had a higher MS than those with the AG and GG genotypes. No significant associations of the SNP g.3076A>G were observed for any traits. In conclusion, although SNP g.3076A>G, which showed an association with MS, does not cause amino acid changes, this SNP may be used as a DNA marker to select animals that have higher intramuscular fat content.
Anticipatory postural adjustments in autism

Objectives: The purpose of this preliminary study was to quantify anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) in adults diagnosed with autism and IQ-matched neurotypical participants. Methods: 9 participants with a diagnosis of autism and 8 neurotypical participants performed a bimanual load lifting task (BMLL) task, in a seated position, with elbow flexion at 90 degrees and a force sensor secured to the wrist region. A weight resting upon the sensor was unloaded during volitional (unloading produced by the participant’s opposing arm) and imposed (produced by the experimenter) conditions. Surface electromyography (sEMG) of the biceps brachii, representing the degree of skeletal muscle activation, was analyzed within the framework of the BMLL. Results: In the autism group and the neurotypical group, the latency, magnitude and anticipatory response in relation to biceps brachii inhibition was found to not differ significantly. However, group differences emerged in the degree of biceps brachii inhibitory response, wherein the neurotypical participants demonstrated a decreased biceps brachii inhibition within the volitional condition, compared to the autistic group, wherein this reduced biceps brachii inhibition was absent. Also, of relevance, 3 out of the 4 subtests of the Purdue Peg Test were found to be significant in the autistic group thus indicating impaired manual dexterity. Conclusions: Deficient postural adjustments were not evidenced in the adults with autism, thus indicating an efficient anticipatory adaption of muscle contribution and stabilization performance, preceding the unloading event. Thus, deficient postural adjustments do not appear to contribute to well-established coordination deficits in adult individuals with autism.
Importance of the macroeconomic variables for variance prediction: A GARCH-MIDAS approach

• You may download this work for personal use only. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying this open access version If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details and we will investigate your claim. Please direct all enquiries to puresupport@bib.sdu. dk
Differentiation of Appendiceal Carcinoids By Marker Gene Expression

Objective: To utilize differential gene expression of candidate markers to discriminate benign APCs (APCs) from malignant and mixed cell APCs. Background Data: Considerable controversy exists in regard to the appropriate surgical management of APCs since standard clinical and immunohistochemical methods cannot reliably determine whether an APC is indolent or aggressive. We have identified five differentially expressed genes: nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 1 [NAP1L1]; melanoma antigen D2 [MAGE-D2]; metastasis-associated protein 1 [MTA1]; NAcht Leucine-rich-repeat Protein 1 [NALP1] and Chromogranin A [CgA] that define gut neuroendocrine (NE) Enterochromaffin (EC) cell behavior. We hypothesized that APC (APC) malignancy, also derived from EC cells, could be defined by using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical approaches that evaluate potential marker genes. Methods: Total RNA was isolated using TRIzol reagent from 42 appendiceal samples including APCs identified at exploration for appendicitis (no evidence of metastasis; n=16), appendicitis specimens (n=11), malignant appendiceal tumors (>1.5cm, evidence of metastatic invasion; n=7) and mixed (goblet) cell appendiceal (GBC) adenocarcinoids (n=3), normal appendiceal tissue (n=5), and five colorectal cancers. Gene expression (CgA, NAP1L1, MAGE-D2, MTA1 and NALP1) was examined by Q-RT PCR (Applied Biosystems) and quantified against GAPDH. Results: CgA message was elevated (>1000-fold, p<0.05) in all tumor types. NAP1L1 was elevated (>10-fold, p<0.03) in both malignant and GBC adenocarcinoids compared to normal and incidental lesions (p<0.006). MAGE-D2 and MTA1 message were
Soils Bioremediation of Hydrocarbons and Green Waste Elimination through Composting Process

The aim of this work was to study the mineralization of hydrocarbons during composting. For this purpose, soil/green waste mixtures were prepared at three different ratios (S/GW= 60/40, 70/30, 80/20) composted for 90 days. An unamended polluted soil (100% soil) was used as the control. The results indicate that the composting process greatly increased the overall rate of hydrocarbon mineralization. The greatest loss of hydrocarbons was obtained in the first compost with the most green waste (96%), followed by the second where losses were still high (78%). In the compost with the least green waste, the hydrocarbon concentration decreased by only 64%. The hydrocarbon level in the control system remained practically unchanged. In addition, mineralization time increased with increasing green waste ratios, the composting process played a considerable role in the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons and minimized the green waste produced by restaurants and cafeterias. The data obtained will be useful for solid waste management policy making.
Assessing the Impact of Trade Reforms on Informality in Egypt

This paper proposes an empirical investigation of the effect of trade liberalization on informality in Egypt. The literature does not indicate a clear relationship between informality and trade liberalization. While some studies find that it is more profitable to enter the formal sector rather to remain informal when trade openness increases, others argue that trade liberalization may lead to an increase in informality. This effect of trade liberalization on the informal sector has been widely discussed at both empirical and public policy levels but was never tested empirically in Egypt. Thus, combining a microeconomic dataset (the Egyptian Labor Market Panel Survey) with some macroeconomic variables (tariffs), we try to assess to what extent trade reforms affected the informal sector in Egypt. Our main findings show that trade liberalization has indeed decreased informality in Egypt. In fact, trade liberalization (i.e. lower trade costs) implies that some firms will find it more profitable to enter the formal sector rather to remain informal. The least productive informal firms will be forced to exit the industry and only the most productive (formal) firms will export to international markets. Moreover, the degree of labor market flexibility associated to the labor reform of 2003 is likely to be one of the reasons behind this change.
BioMEMS Photomask Aligner

2 Background . 4 Biological MicroElectroMechanical Systems (BioMEMS) . 4 Photolithography . 4 Current Alignment Techniques . 5 Design Statement . 6 Key Design Factors . 7 Wafer Background . 7 Laser Cutting . 8 Design Alternatives . 8 Ejector Well . 8 Wafer Threaded Lock . 9 Tapered Screws . 10 Design Matrix . 11 Final Design . 11 Fabrication . 13 Cost . 14 Testing. 14 Safety . 15 Ethical Considerations . 15 Future Work . 15 Conclusion . 16 References . 17 Appendix . 18 Parts Designed for Machining . 18 Product Design Specifications . 22
Persian complex predicates and the limits of inheritance-based analyses

Persian complex predicates pose an interesting challenge for theoretical linguistics since they have both word-like and phrase-like properties. For example, they can feed derivational processes, but they are also separable by the future auxiliary or the negation prefix. Various proposals have been made in the literature to capture the nature of Persian complex predicates, among them analyses that treat them as purely phrasal or purely lexical combinations. Mixed analyses that analyze them as words by default and as phrases in the non-default case have also been suggested. In this paper, I show that theories that rely exclusively on the classification of patterns in inheritance hierarchies cannot account for the facts in an insightful way unless they are augmented by transformations or some similar device. I then show that a lexical account together with appropriate grammar rules and an argument composition analysis of the future auxiliary has none of the shortcomings that classification-based analyses have and that it can account for both the phrasal and the word-like properties of Persian complex predicates.
Cognitive Learning for Sentence Understanding

In the research field of natural language understanding, sentence stands a very prominent position in text processing. The process of sentence understanding involves computing the meaning of a sentence based on analysis of meanings of its individual words. Research procedures in sentence understanding examine the representations and processes that connect the identification of individual words in text reading (Culter, 1995; Balota, 1994) with mapping sentence meanings to relevant mental models (Johnson-Laird, 1983) or discourse representations (Kintsch, 1988; van Eijck & Kamp, 1997). The task of sentence understanding includes two stages, sentence parsing and semantic processing. Sentence parsing resides in the fundamental level, while semantic understanding involves lexcial and higher discourse analysis. Sentence understanding has compact connections with human cognition, thus this chaper will introduce how cognitive models are integrated, with machine learning algorithms (or models), into the procedures of sentence parsing and semantic processing.
Historic rammed earth structures in Spain : construction techniques and a preliminary classification.

Conservation and repair of historic rammed earth sites should only be undertaken if there is a good understanding of the consequences of any intervention technique. Until recently there has been little interest in the characterisation of historic rammed earth construction, yet it is only with this understanding that successful conservation strategies can be adopted. A survey of around 60 historic rammed earth sites in Spain constructed between 967AD and 1837AD has recently been undertaken. While all the sites are built primarily in rammed earth, the construction techniques and state of repair vary greatly. The high density of historic rammed earth structures in the Iberian peninsula is likely due to the Muslim presence there from the 8th century onwards. Initial expansion, a period of civil war and eventual defeat by Christians led to the construction of a large number of fortifications, many constructed in rammed earth. A famous example is the Alhambra at Granada, but there are hundreds of smaller sites throughout Spain. By the end of the 15th century Christians had replaced Muslims through most of Spain, but rammed earth continued to be used in both vernacular and monumental architecture. Examples of historic construction techniques are presented and common features of historic rammed earth construction are identified. A classification is outlined and a clear development of the rammed earth technique is observed.