Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High‐ and low‐capacity taurine transport across the luminal membrane of the small intestinal epithelium

Taurine is a “semi‐essential” beta‐amino acid; yet it is not clear which transporter(s) mediates taurine uptake across the small intestinal luminal membrane. The three intestinal beta‐amino acid transporters [taurine transporter TauT (SLC6A6), proton‐coupled amino acid transporter PAT1 (SLC36A1), and ATB0,+ transporter (SLC6A14)] were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, and radiolabeled β‐alanine or taurine uptake characterized. TauT and PAT1 both transport taurine and β‐alanine whereas ATB0,+ transports only β‐alanine. To determine the relative contribution of each carrier to small intestinal transport, β‐alanine and taurine uptakes were measured across the apical membrane of human intestinal Caco‐2 cell monolayers. Use of selective inhibitors and ion substitutions identified roles for PAT1 and TauT (but not ATB0,+) in small intestinal uptake of these beta‐amino acids (ATB0,+ function may be more important in the colon). Under physiological conditions (apical pH 6.5, presence of Na+), the relative contributions of PAT1 and TauT to taurine uptake were dependent upon the taurine concentration. The high‐capacity, low‐affinity PAT1 may provide the major route for small intestinal taurine absorption from taurine‐rich foods whereas the low‐capacity, high‐affinity TauT may scavenge small quantities of taurine from the lumen. Supported by The Wellcome Trust (grant number 078640/Z/05/Z).
Distribution, movements and habitats of sage grouse Centrocercus urophasianus on the Upper Snake River Plain of Idaho: changes from the 1950s to the 1990s

The sage grouse Centrocercus urophasianus population level on the Upper Snake River Plain of Idaho has declined significantly over the past 40 years. We investigated migration patterns and seasonal ranges of these birds to compare to patterns from the 1950s and 1960s. Furthermore, we examined landscape changes that occurred between 1975 and 1992. Migration patterns have not changed since the 1950s. The grouse currently migrate up to 125 km and use an annual population range of at least 2,764 km2. The major landscape change since 1975 that occurred in sage grouse habitat was a decline in the total amount of winter range. Between 1975 and 1992,29,762 ha of sagebrush Artemisia spp. rangeland were converted to cropland, a 74% increase in cropland. Regression analysis suggested a relationship between sagebrush habitat loss and grouse population decline (R2 = 0.59, P = 0.002). Approximately 1,244 km2 of privately-owned sagebrush on the study area could potentially be converted to cropland, which we predict would have serious negative implications for the sage grouse population.
Automatic Analysis Service for Korean Speaking by Age

인간은 언어를 이용하여 의사소통을 한다. 의사소통을 하는 여러 방법 중에서도 대화를 통해 의사소통 하는 방 식을‘발화’라 한다. 발화를 할 때 언어를 구상하는 능 력은 개인마다, 연령마다 차이가 난다. 언어 병리학에서 는 발화의 능력으로 언어장애 여부를 판별한다 [1]. 평 가하는 방법은 언어병리 전문가가 발화문을 분석하고 이 를 바탕으로 능력을 평가한다 [2]. 이러한 방법은 시간 과 비용이 많이 소요될 뿐만 아니라 전문가의 경험을 바 탕으로 한 평가이기 때문에 객관적이라고 할 수 없다. 또한 언어 구상 능력이란 수치적인 방법으로 평가가 이 루어지기 보다 평가를 받는 사람과 비슷한 연령대의 평 균적인 능력과 비교하는 것이 일반적이다 [3]. 따라서 본 논문에서는 모든 연령에 대한 분석 데이터베이스를 구축하였으며 한국어 발화문을 자동으로 분석하는 웹 기 반의 시스템을 제안한다.
Banking and Insurance Market Activities in Eurozone Countries: Are Feedback Effects at Work?

Este documento examina el nexo entre la profundidad del sector bancario y las actividades del mercado de seguros en los paises europeos para el periodo 1980-2016. Usando las causalidades de Granger, encontramos la presencia de causalidad bidireccional y unidireccional entre la profundidad del sector bancario y las actividades del mercado de seguros. La implicacion politica de este estudio es que las politicas economicas deben reconocer las diferencias en la profundidad del sector bancario y las actividades del mercado de seguros a fin de mantener un desarrollo financiero sostenible en los paises europeos
Mitochondrial targeting sequences may form amphiphilic helices.

Twenty three mitochondrial targeting sequences have been analysed with regard to their potential for forming amphiphilic helices. It is shown that most if not all of these sequences can be expected to form helices with high hydrophobic moments in a suitable environment. In the few cases studied so far, the segments of maximal hydrophobic moment coincide closely with ‘critical’ regions defined by deletions and point mutations.
Charipines from Colombia (Hymenoptera: Figitidae), with the description of two new species

The fauna of Figitidae (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) present in Colombia was studied from collections made with Malaise traps by the Humboldt Institute in several places of Colombia thanks to the project "Biodiversidad Insectos de Colombia" over the years 2000-2004. A total of eight species was identified. Six species were cited for the first time in the country: Alloxysta arcuata, A. castanea, A. hansoni, A. obscurata, A. pilipennis and Phaenoglyphis villosa. Two new species are described: Alloxysta medinae n. sp. and Alloxysta torresi n. sp. Two species are cited for the first time from a neotropical region: Alloxysta obscurata and A. pilipennis; and A. arcuata, A. castanea and A. pilipennis are cited for the first time from the American continent. A key is included for the identification of the species present in Colombia. The geographic distribution of some Palearctic species is broadened.
34 DNA Replication in Physarum

The natural synchrony of the nuclear cycle within the plasmodium of the myxomycete Physarum polycephalum provides an opportunity to study, without the need for any cell treatment, the complex and transient patterns of replication intermediates generated during chromosomal replication. In this review, we focus on the parameters of replication kinetics from the synthesis of Okazaki fragments to the chromosome-sized progeny molecules and summarize data suggesting that their appearance at some specific loci is precisely programmed and intimately linked to the transcriptional activity of the cell. STRUCTURE OF S PHASE The Plasmodium In one phase of their life cycle, the myxomycetes develop a particular multinucleated cell type, the plasmodium, that results from nuclear divisions in the absence of cell division (Rusch 1980). Deposited on a filter paper, small plasmodia cultivated in shaken liquid cultures fuse spontaneously into a single cell (5–10 cm in diameter) that contains more than 10 8 diploid nuclei (Fig. 1A). Being in a common cytoplasm, these nuclei divide synchronously every 10 hours. Their division is characterized by the persistence of the nuclear envelope throughout the mitotic process. This “closed” mitosis should not be seen as a loss of capability for cell division, but rather as the result of a developmental process, since in the amoebal, haploid vegetative phase of Physarum, the uninucleated cells divide by a conventional mitosis in which the nuclear envelope disintegrates in prophase. Thus, the Physarum genome encodes different cell types, with the plasmodial stage particularly suitable for DNA replication studies. The Synchronous Nuclear.
Early Growth Response 1 and NF-ATc1 Act in Concert to Promote Thymocyte Development beyond the β-Selection Checkpoint1

Development of immature T cell precursors beyond the β-selection checkpoint is regulated by signals transduced by the pre-TCR complex. The pre-TCR-induced differentiation program is orchestrated by a network of transcription factors that serve to integrate this signaling information. Among these transcription factors are those of the early growth response (Egr) and NF-AT families. In this study, we demonstrate that Egr1 and NF-ATc1 act together to promote development of T cell precursors beyond the β-selection checkpoint to the CD8 immature single-positive and CD4+CD8+ double-positive stages. Moreover, we find that Egr1 and NF-AT cooperatively induce the expression of inhibitor of DNA binding 3 (Id3), a regulatory factor known to play an important role in positive selection of thymocytes, but not previously demonstrated to be required for β-selection. Importantly, we show in this study that Id3 deficiency abrogates the ability of ectopically expressed Egr1 to promote traversal of the β-selection checkpoint. Id3 is presumably essential for traversal of the β-selection checkpoint in this context because of the inability of other inhibitor of DNA binding family members to compensate, since transgenic Egr1 does not induce expression of inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (Id1) or 2 (Id2). Taken together, these data demonstrate that Id3 is a cooperatively induced target that is important for Egr-mediated promotion of development beyond the β-selection checkpoint. Moreover, these data indicate that the ERK and calcium signaling pathways may converge during β-selection through the concerted action of Egr1 and NF-ATc1, respectively.
Nutrigenomics in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: the effects of fatty acids on gene expression profiles of human circulating cells as assessed in human intervention studies.

Research on the effects of nutrition on the function and health of organs in the human body, such as liver and intestine, is difficult, because for this research organ tissue is needed. Since nutrition research is usually performed in healthy volunteers, this tissue is difficult to obtain. However, to find out what happens on cellular level we do need human cells. Because blood cells are transported through the entire body and are relatively easy to obtain, these cells are ideal to study the effect of nutrition on cellular level. For this research we used the latest molecular genomics techniques to study the activity (on/off switching, increase/decrease) of all our genes at once. We found that consumption of different types of fat, both directly after consumption and after continued intake, changed the activity of specific groups of genes in these cells. With this research we have shown that the subtle effects of nutrition can be studied using nutrigenomics techniques in humans by using blood cells.
DNA fingerprinting of tulips using AFLP analysis.

Tulip is one of the most important flower bulbs of spring days, mostly created by Dutch breeders. More than six thousands Tulip varieties are cultivated worldwide. The genome of tulip is 5000x bigger as the genome of arabidopsis (120.000 Kb) and consists of 12 chromosomes. Little information about genes and their position on the chromosomes is available (1). Botanical tulips are on their way to disappearing and almost unknown to the public.Tulip are also victims of urbanization which nibbles away constantly at de natural spaces (Tulipa aximensis disappeared from the wild in 1974). Botanical plants are adapting themselves to a particular and natural environment over a long period of time, more stable and furthermore resistant, contributing to natural balance. In connection with the France Tulipes Sauvages Association, which contributes to the protection of botanical tulips of France and whole world (4), we start a molecular study to explore the genetic variability of this species and to help the conservation of rare and endangered species, including the Romanian one. The AFLP method was performed as described by Vos et al. (1995) with some minor modifications (2). The study offered reproducible AFLP patterns, clear and labor saving DNA fingerprints of T. fosteriana 148 Cantate x Princeps, T. tubergeniana 97419, T. hungarica 97423, T. albertii 97274-3, T. turkestanica 972971, T. aitchisonii 20425, T. tarda 73125-4. We used en efficient enzyme primer combination M52G/E45. The study is extended also to other Tulipa species.
Recent surveys of resident breeding birds in the St Katherine Protectorate, south Sinai, Egypt

We report records of 25 species of resident breeding birds in St Katherine Protectorate, south Sinai, Egypt in 2006, 2007 and spring 2008. We note a number of chronological and geographical discrepancies in the distributions and abundances of these species in reference to earlier surveys and records. Located in the southern Sinai mountains, St Katherine Protectorate is an important area for both breeding and migratory birds and requires ongoing protection, appropriate management, and more detailed research in ecology and community- based conservation. A number of bird species that formerly appeared to be common in the St Katherine Protectorate were detected only rarely or were not detected at all in recent surveys. Remaining bird populations are threatened by overgrazing, illegal hunting and the demands placed on water supplies by development associated with a recent increase in tourism.
Image Cryptographic Application Design using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Method

: Development of technology gives significant impact on progress of all field of life, both in positive and negative way. Among the negative impacts is crime, such as theft, burglary and others. In communication security, information is very important. Data confidentiality is a priority so that maintaining the information security needs an application that can encrypt the data. One of the sciences used to design a data security application is cryptography, in which there are many methods can be used to encrypt a data. However, the best method is Advanced Encryption Standard method (AES). There are many types of AES that can be used but the most effective is AES-128. So, the aim of this study is to design image cryptographic application using the AES-128 method. Process of design applications with this method is through several stages, such as process of encryption, decryption, key generation and testing of the methods used. The attacks test is given by cropping, blurring, and enhancing the ciphertext image. In previous studies, there has never been an attack on the results of ciphertext, so this study will be accompanied by testing of attacks on ciphertext to determine the resistance of the method used. From the result of encryption and decryption, it is known that this AES-128 method was successfully applied to the image. While on the attack test, it was found that this method is resistant to cropping attacks, but not resistant to blurring and enhancement attacks.
Bi-Response Semiparametric Regression Model based on Spline Truncated for Estimating Computer based National Exam in West Nusa Tenggara

: Bi-response semiparametric regression model is a regression model consisting of two components, parametric and nonparametric with two response variables. The propose of this research, we estimate the parameters of bi-response semiparametric regression model based on spline truncated by using the weighted least square method. Then model it using bi-respon semiparametric regression model based on a spline truncated estimator. The joint point of combination of the truncated or the point that indicates the occurrence of changes in curve behavior at these intervals are called knots. The best model is determined by the optimal knot point, the method used to select the optimal knot point is to use the generalized cross validation method. The model is applied to the computer based national examination values of West Nusa Tenggara province. Based on the result of the estimation model, we get knot optimal brapathe determination coefficient (R 2 ) tends to one (i.e., 90%) and MSE tend to zero that it satisfies goodness of fit criterions.
Characterization of new roles for the glucanosyltransferase Gas1 and other carbohydrate modifying enzymes in transcriptional silencing in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Transcriptional silencing is a crucial process that is mediated through chromatin structure. The histone deacetylase Sir2 silences genomic regions that include telomeres, ribosomal DNA, and the cryptic mating-type loci. The formation and regulation of silent chromatin has been much studied but remains incompletely understood. Additional factors controlling silent chromatin were suggested by a previously completed Sir2 two-hybrid screen. In this screen, Gas1 was identified as a Sir2- interacting protein. In the research reported here, an unsuspected role for the enzyme Gas1 in locus-specific transcriptional silencing is presented using genetic and biochemical methods. GAS1 encodes a \[Beta\]-1,3- glucanosyltransferase previously characterized for its role in cell wall biogenesis. In gas1 mutants, telomeric silencing is defective and rDNA silencing is enhanced. The catalytic activity of Gas1 is required for normal silencing, established through analysis of gas1catalytically inactive mutants. Gas1's role in silencing is distinct from its role in cell wall biogenesis. Established hallmarks of silent chromatin, such as Sir2 binding and H4K16 and H3K56 deacetylation, appear unaffected in gas1 mutants in chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. Thus, another event required for telomeric silencing must be influenced by GAS1. Sir2 itself is present in immunoprecipitations of \[Beta\]-1,3- glucan, the substrate of Gas1 activity. This points to the possibility that Sir2 may be modified by \[Beta\]-1,3-glucan, or \[Beta\]-1,3-glucan is linked to Sir2 through interacting chromatin proteins. Since the catalytic activity of Gas1 is required for telomeric silencing and Gas1 and Sir2 physically interact, a model is proposed in which carbohydrate post-translational modification of chromatin components provides a new regulatory element that may be critical for chromatin function. Other proteins contributing to steps upstream of Gas1 in carbohydrate modification pathways are also newly identified as necessary for silencing. These include Kre6, another Sir2- interacting protein and a \[Beta\]-1,6-glucan synthase, Fks1, a \[Beta\]-1,3-glucan synthase, and Pmt1, a mannosyltransferase. The initial genetic characterization of KRE6, FKS1, and PMT1 demonstrates that these genes are also required for telomeric silencing and further reinforces the potentially crucial roles of GAS1 and carbohydrate modification in transcriptional silencing.
The quality of record linkage between population-based birth and children’s early child development and school test result (NAPLAN) records in New South Wales, Australia

This population-based record linkage study comprised all children who were (i) live-born between 1994 and 2008 in New South Wales (NSW), or (ii) had a developmental assessment at school entry age in 2009 or 2012, or (iii) had a standardised test result for grade 3, 5, 7 or 9 between 2009 and 2014 in NSW public (government) schools
Karakterisasi Fisiologi dan Identifikasi Molekuler Isolat-isolat Bacillus sp. Penghasil Bakteriosin Asal Tambak Udang

ANETA PRILIANI. Physiological Characterization and Molecular Identification of Bacteriocin Producer Bacillus sp. Isolates from Shrimp Ponds. Supervised by IMAN RUSMANA and NISA RACHMANIA MUBARIK. Vibriosis is the main problem in development of shrimp ponds. The use of probiotic from Bacillus as a biocontrol agent can be proposed to treat vibriosis. Indigenous Bacillus sp. isolates that have been isolated from shrimp ponds which are LTC8, LTC13, LTW4, LTW54, LTS36, and LTS40 were able to inhibit the growth of Vibrio harveyi, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Verification of inhibition rate, physiologycal test manually and use Microgen GN-ID A+B Panel, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyzed in this research. LTS40, LTW54, and LTC13 had the biggest inhibition index against V. harveyi. LTW54 and LTC13 had the biggest inhibition index against E. coli and S. aureus. Six Bacillus isolates showed a positive reaction for nitrates, Voges Proskauer (VP), starch, glucose, (except LTS40), sucrose (except LTC13), O-nitrophenylβ-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) (except LTW4), and gelatine (except LTW54). LTW4, LTC13, LTS40, and LTW54 16S rRNA sequence showed that had 98-99% similarity with Bacillus subtilis, while LTS36 and LTC8 had 98-99% similarity with Bacillus sp. Phylogenetic tree showed that six isolates were placed in the same group and had a relation with B. subtilis strain 168. KARAKTERISASI FISIOLOGI DAN IDENTIFIKASI MOLEKULER ISOLAT-ISOLAT Bacillus sp. PENGHASIL BAKTERIOSIN
Phylogenetic analysis of genus Osmanthus (Oleaceae) based on mat K sequence.

Phylogenetic analysis of genus Osmanthus was performed based on sequence data of the chloroplast matK gene in 19 species and outgroups (Chionanthus retusus,Ligustrim lucidum and Olea europaea ). The results showed that:1) sequence of the chloroplast matK gene in Osmanthus was more conservative,especially in 3' terminal; 2) the genus Osmanthus was a monophyletic group; 3) 19 species of Osmanthus were divided into three clades:O. suavis and O. cooperi constitute as a monophyletic clade; the others constitute as a clade:O. americanus,O. matsumuranus and O. marginatus constitute as a subclade,belonging to Sect. Leiole. Another subclade was constituted by O. armatus,O. venosus,O. fordii,O. attenuatus and O. delarayi; the other subclade was constituted by the remaining 9 species,belonging to Sect. Osmanthus; 4) the study result showed that the classical classification system of P. S. Green's based on morphology couldn't be supported by molecular data. Sect. Leiole constituted together,however,there was a cross-relationship between Sect. Osmanthus and Sect. Siphosmanthus. Therefore,we think that comprehensive analysis of matK sequence should be combined with other molecular sequences and morphological indicators in order to obtain scientific and reasonable classification of Osmanthus.
Female reproductive success in gynodioecious Thymus vulgaris: pollen versus nutrient limitation and pollinator foraging behaviour

Gynodioecy is a dimorphic breeding system in which female individuals coexist with hermaphroditic individuals in the same population. Females only contribute to the next generation via ovules, and many studies have shown that they are usually less attractive than hermaphrodites to pollinators. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain how females manage to persist in populations despite these disadvantages. The ‘resource reallocation hypothesis’ (RRH) states that females channel resources not invested in pollen production and floral advertisement towards the production of more and/or larger seeds. We investigated pollination patterns and tested the RRH in a population of Thymus vulgaris. We measured flower display, flower size, nectar production, visitation rates, pollinator constancy and flower lifespan in the two morphs. In addition, we measured experimentally the effects of pollen and resource addition on female reproductive success (fruit set, seed set, seed weight) of the two morphs. Despite lower investment in floral advertisement, female individuals were no less attractive to pollinators than hermaphrodites on a per flower basis. Other measures of pollinator behaviour (number of flowers visited per plant, morph preference and morph constancy) also showed that pollinators did not discriminate against female flowers. In addition, stigma receptivity was longer in female flowers. Accordingly, and contrary to most studies on gynodioecious species, reproductive success of females was not pollen limited. Instead, seed production was pollen limited in hermaphrodites, suggesting low levels of cross-pollination in hermaphrodites. Seed production was resource limited in hermaphrodites, but not in females, thus providing support for the RRH. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 175, 395–408.