Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Running head: PNF STRETCHING Comparing the effects of two proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching techniques and static stretching on active knee extension range of motion and vertical jump performance

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching has often been identified as an effective stretching technique for improving range of motion (ROM) prior to exercise. The two PNF stretching techniques that are most commonly performed are autogenic inhibition and reciprocal inhibition stretching. These techniques increase ROM by applying resistance to either agonist (i.e. autogenic) or antagonist (i.e. reciprocal) muscle groups to reduce reflex activity. Variability in PNF stretching procedures, however, cause difficulty comparing studies and translating findings to clinical practice. Limited research has also been performed on the effects of PNF stretching on athletic performance. The present study compared the effects of static, autogenic inhibition, and reciprocal inhibition stretching on knee extension ROM and vertical jump performance. Thirty healthy participants (16 male and 14 female) performed an Active Knee Extension test and a Vertical Jump test after 4 counter balanced stretching conditions. The stretching conditions consisted of no stretching (control), static stretching, autogenic inhibition stretching, and reciprocal inhibition stretching. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures and the Bonferonni post hoc test identified static stretching, autogenic inhibition stretching, and reciprocal inhibition stretching significantly increased knee extension ROM by means of 7.8, 8.1, and 9.4 degrees, respectively when compared to no stretching (p<.001). No significant differences were identified between the ROM increases associated with each technique (p>0.05). Pairwise comparisons also identified no significant differences in vertical jump height (cm) before or after the use of static, autogenic inhibition, or reciprocal inhibition stretching (p>0.05). The present study was the first to compare these stretching techniques using recommended pre-activity procedures. The results of this study
Optimizing Performance

Introduction 145 Collecting Performance Statistics 146 Logging SMF Statistics 146 Optimizing I/O 147 Put catalogs and data sets into separate libraries, using the optimal block size for each 147 Use the optimal buffer size and buffer number for your data 147 Determine whether you should compress your data 148 Consider placing SAS data libraries in hiperspaces 149 Consider designating temporary SAS libraries as virtual I/O data sets 150 Efficient Sorting 150 Consider changing the values of SORTPGM= and SORTCUTP= 150 Take advantage of the DFSORT performance booster 151 Some SAS System Options That Can Affect Performance 151 MAUTOSOURCE and IMPLMAC 151 REXXMAC 151 SPOOL/NOSPOOL 152 VECTOR/NOVECTOR 152 Managing Memory 152 Specify a value for MEMSIZE= when you invoke SAS 152 Specify a value for MEMLEAVE= 153 Consider using superblocking options to control memory fragmentation 153 Use SYSLEAVE= and PROCLEAVE= to handle out-of-memory conditions 153 Loading SAS Modules Efficiently 154 Use a bundled configuration of SAS 154 Other Considerations for Improving Performance 154 Leave AUTOSCROLL 0 in effect for the LOG and OUTPUT windows 154 Use the EM3179 device driver when appropriate 155 Consider using the direct log-on procedure to invoke SAS 155
Simultaneous measurements of urban and rural particles in Beijing – Part 1: Chemical composition and mixing state

Abstract. Two single-particle aerosol mass spectrometers (SPAMSs) were deployed simultaneously at an urban and a rural site in Beijing during an intensive field campaign from 1 to 29 November 2016 to investigate the source and process of airborne particles in Beijing. In the first part of this research, we report the single-particle chemical composition, mixing state, and evolution at both sites. A total of 96 % and 98 % of collected particles were carbonaceous at the urban and rural sites, respectively. Five particle categories, including elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), internal-mixed EC and OC (ECOC), potassium-rich (K-rich), and metals, were observed at both sites. The categories were partitioned into particle types depending on different atmospheric processing stages. A total of 17 particle types were shared at both sites. In the urban area, nitrate-containing particle types, such as EC-Nit (Nit: nitrate) and ECOC-Nit, were enriched especially at night, sulfate-containing particles were transported when wind speed was high, and ECOC-Nit-Sul (Sul: sulfate) were mostly aged locally. In sum, these processed particles added up to 85.3 % in the urban areas. In the rural area, regional particles were abundant, but freshly emitted ECOC and OC had distinct patterns that were pronounced at cooking and heating times. Biomass burning, traffic, and coal burning were major sources of particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) in both rural and urban areas. Moreover, particles from the steel industry located in the south were also identified. In summary, the chemical composition of urban and rural particle types was similar in Beijing; the urban particles were influenced significantly by rural processing and transport. The work is useful to understand the evolution of urban and rural particles in Beijing during winter.
Simultaneous Quantification of Lupeol, Stigmasterol and β- Sitosterol in Extracts of Adhatoda vasica Nees Leaves and its Marketed Formulations by a Validated RP-HPLC Method

Standardization is a significant tool for ensuring the quality of herbal drugs. The drug identity, purity, content, chemical and other biological properties determine the quality of the products. Quantitative estimation of chemical markers within the crude drugs is usually troublesome. Separation of markers using optimal separation techniques offer high resolution of the compounds and least interferences.1 Herbal medicine has been utilized by 85% of the world’s population since prehistoric eras for the treatment of a variety of diseases.2 Therapeutic efficacy and safety depend upon the quality of herbal medicine. Lack of quality control profiles created obstacles in the approval of ayurvedic medicines for healthcare needs. Establishment of quality control parameters gets affected due to the complexion nature in the chemical compounds and its variability of herbal medicines. Advancement in the modernized analytical methods is increased to subdue these complications by developing an effective separation of marker compounds.3 The approaches in chromatographic separation techniques made quantification of chemical markers in crude drugs with very limited clean-up.4 Mainly, reverse phaseliquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) used for the estimation of various chemical compounds existing in single drug or mixture of drugs and its herbal formulations.5
Outdoor 2.4GHz Band Wi-Fi Networks Performance Characterisation

:- The task of proper network planning with little or no attenuation has been the major target of communication engineers. To achieve this target, network planners, communications infrastructure vendors and the academia, all over the world have been studying the propagation characteristics of signals to enable them establish networks that suit specific terrain characteristics (such as differences in weather conditions, building structures, trees and other vegetation, which may cause attenuation and/or obstruct the propagated signals from getting to its destination) thereby offering better coverage and quality of service (QoS). To understand these parameters within the Akwa Ibom State University (AKSU) environment, empirical measurements were taken and from the analysis, the path loss exponent for outdoor environments in the 2.4GHz band found to be 1.999. In comparison of the graphical plots of different models, the measured model and COST 231 Walfisch-Ikegami model were adopted for network planning in the terrain.
Observationally constrained analysis of sea salt aerosol in the 1 marine atmosphere 2 3

Huisheng Bian1,2, Karl Froyd3,4, Daniel M. Murphy3, Jack Dibb5, Mian Chin2, Peter R. Colarco2, 4 Anton Darmenov2, Arlindo da Silva2, Tom L. Kucsera6, Gregory Schill3,4, Hongbin Yu2, Paul 5 Bui7, Maximilian Dollner8, Bernadett Weinzierl8, and Alexander Smirnov9 6 1 University of Maryland at Baltimore County, Baltimore County, MD 7 2 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 8 3 NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, CO 9 4 Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 10 5 University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 11 6 Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 12 7 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 13 14 8 University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Aerosol and Environmental Physics , Boltzmanngasse 5, A15 1090 Wien, Austria 16 17 9 Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD 20706 18 19 Abstract 20 Atmospheric sea salt plays important roles in marine cloud formation and atmospheric 21 chemistry. We performed an integrated analysis of NASA GEOS model simulations run 22 with the GOCART aerosol module, in situ measurements from the PALMS and SAGA 23 instruments obtained during the NASA ATom campaign, and aerosol optical depth 24 (AOD) measurements from AERONET Marine Aerosol Network (MAN) sun 25 photometers and from MODIS satellite observations to better constrain sea salt in the 26 marine atmosphere. ATom measurements and GEOS model simulation both show that 27
Aspects of life history of Platycnemis subdilatata (Zygoptera: Platycnemididae) in Northeast Algeria

The determination of seasonal regulation is important to understand how species have adapted to their local environmental conditions. In this study, we investigate the life history of a North African endemic damselfly, Platycnemis subdilatata, in a northeast Algerian population. We combined field and laboratory investigations to assess the embryonic development, larval growth, emergence pattern and adult flight season. The embryonic development was direct and asynchronous, with 50% of all eggs hatching after three weeks of egg laying and a hatching period ranging from 13 to 51 days. Hatching success was 48.8%, and the causes of hatching failure were infertility and unhatchability. Larval population structure was quite asynchronous during the winter and less so before emergence. The occurrence of larval diapause is improbable due to the increase of the proportion of the last larval stadium in late winter. Emergence was asynchronous with half of the larval population (EM50) emerging after 44 days within an emergence season of 122 days. Sex ratio at emergence was slightly female biased (50.6%). The flight season lasted 133 days starting from early May. The species reached its sexual maturity after six and seven days of emergence in male and female, respectively. Lifespan was not significantly different between sexes with a mean of 7.75 ± 6.45 days (± SD). Our results suggest that the species is univoltine with a typical summer species life history.
What’s in a Name? Patterns, Trends, and Suggestions for Defining Non-Perennial Rivers and Streams

Rivers that cease to flow are globally prevalent. Although many epithets have been used for these rivers, a consensus on terminology has not yet been reached. Doing so would facilitate a marked increase in interdisciplinary interest as well as critical need for clear regulations. Here we reviewed literature from Web of Science database searches of 12 epithets to learn (Objective 1—O1) if epithet topics are consistent across Web of Science categories using latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling. We also analyzed publication rates and topics over time to (O2) assess changes in epithet use. We compiled literature definitions to (O3) identify how epithets have been delineated and, lastly, suggest universal terms and definitions. We found a lack of consensus in epithet use between and among various fields. We also found that epithet usage has changed over time, as research focus has shifted from description to modeling. We conclude that multiple epithets are redundant. We offer specific definitions for three epithets (non-perennial, intermittent, and ephemeral) to guide consensus on epithet use. Limiting the number of epithets used in non-perennial river research can facilitate more effective communication among research fields and provide clear guidelines for writing regulatory documents.
Functional health literacy: protective role in adherence to treatment for hypertensive patients

Objective: To investigate factors associated with Functional Health Literacy (FHL), as well as its role as a probable protective factor for treatment adherence in individuals with hypertension (SAH), attended in Primary Health Care (Atencao Primaria a Saude - APS) units. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with APS users under antihypertensive medication in the city of Salvador, Bahia. Illiterate or functionally illiterate patients were excluded, as well as those with a history of ischemic stroke. Data were collected between November 2015 and August 2016. Sociodemographic and clinical data were accessed utilizing a structured instrument developed by the authors, and the FHL was assessed using the REALM. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression were performed. Results: The population comprised 286 individuals and it was observed that low schooling was associated with inadequate FHL, both in the gross and adjusted analysis (OR = 9.25; CI95%: 4.49 – 19.05) and with the professional activity of manual labor (OR = 9.90; CI95%: 2.08 – 46.90). In patients with schooling levels of over 8 years, it was observed that the FHL was significantly associated with non-adherence to medical treatment, even after adjustment by gender, age, civil status, physical activity, and skin color (OR = 3.0; CI95%: 1.2 – 7.9). Conclusions: Inadequate FHL was significantly associated with non-adhesion to treatment only for those with over 8 years of schooling. Improvements in health promotion actions should be reinforced to address chronic diseases such as SAH.
Activity Recognition in Videos with Segmented Streams A report submitted for the course SCNC2103 Advanced Studies 3

We investigate a Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) architecture for activity recognition in short video clips. Applications are ubiquitous, ranging from guiding unmanned vehicles to captioning video clips. While the employment of CNN architectures on large image datasets (such as ImageNet) has been successfully demonstrated in many prior works, there is still no clear answer as to how one can use adapt CNNs to video data. Several different architectures have been explored such as C3D and two-stream networks. However, they all use RGB frames of the video clips as is. In this work, we introduce segmented streams, where each stream consists of the original RGB frames segmented by motion types. We ﬁnd that after training on the UCF101 dataset, we are able to improve over the original two-stream work by fusing our segmented streams.
Mining Regions of Interest from Trajectories: An Optimization Approach

The number of location-tracking devices is constantly increasing and so does the amount of captured trajectory data. There is hence an emerging need for scalable trajectory mining tools to extract knowledge from mobility data. In this work we focus on the problem of partitioning a space into meaningful regions of interest (ROIs) that are most frequently crossed by trajectories. This problem is of great importance as it constitutes the ﬁrst step of the possible subsequent analysis of trajectories. Our contribution is that we formulate the task of discovering ROIs as a discrete optimization problem aiming to compress the dense regions from binary density matrix with a given number of simple parameterized shapes, such as rectangles. We give a linear program for solving this optimization problem assuming a given ﬁxed number of ROIs. We then extend the approach to automatically discover the best number of ROIs by relying on the Minimum Description Length Principle. Our experiments on real and synthetic data show that the approach is scalable and able to retrieve ROIs of higher quality than those extracted with the well-known PopularRegion algorithm.
Timing, drivers and impacts of the historic Masiere di Vedana rock avalanche (Belluno Dolomites, NE Italy)

Abstract. The “Masiere di Vedana” rock avalanche, located in the Belluno Dolomites (NE Italy) at the foot of Mt. Peron, is reinterpreted as historic on the base of archeological information and cosmogenic 36Cl exposure dates. The deposit is 9 km 2 wide, has a volume of ∼170 Mm 3 corresponding to a pre-detachment rock mass of ∼130 Mm 3 , and has a maximum runout distance of 6 km and an H∕L ratio of ∼0.2 . Differential velocities of the rock avalanche moving radially over different topography and path material lead to the formation of specific landforms (tomas and compressional ridges). In the Mt. Peron crown the bedding is subvertical and includes carbonate lithologies from Lower Jurassic (Calcari Grigi Group) to Cretaceous (Maiolica) in age. The stratigraphic sequence is preserved in the deposit with the formations represented in the boulders becoming younger with distance from the source area. In the release area the bedding, the SSE-verging frontal thrust planes, the NW-verging backthrust planes, the NW–SE fracture planes, and the N–S Jurassic fault planes controlled the failure and enhanced the rock mass fragmentation. The present Mt. Peron crown still shows hundreds-of-metres-high rock prisms bounded by backwall trenches. Cosmogenic 36Cl exposure ages, mean 1.90±0.45 ka, indicate failure occurred between 340 BCE and 560 CE. Although abundant Roman remains were found in sites surrounding the rock avalanche deposit, none were found within the deposit, and this is consistent with a late Roman or early Middle Ages failure. Seismic and climatic conditions as landslide predisposing factors are discussed. Over the last few hundred years, earthquakes up to Mw=6.3 , including that at 365 CE, have affected the Belluno area. Early in the first millennium, periods of climate worsening with increasing rainfall occurred in the NE Alps. The combination of climate and earthquakes induced progressive long-term damage to the rock until a critical threshold was reached and the Masiere di Vedana rock avalanche occurred.
Conditional Restricted Boltzmann Machine (CRBM) Untuk Memprediksi Harga Saham

Predicting the right stock price movements can provide real economic benefits in the future. In the Undergraduate Thesis the method used to make predictions is the CRBM method, this method is known to be optimal in predicting data based on the previous period. Conditional Methods Restricted Boltzmann Machine (CRBM) is a new probabilistic model applied to solve problems, including collaborative filtering, classification
Fuzzy Inference Routing Algorithm to Enhance the Network Lifetime of Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

In the wireless sensor network system the route discovery and the dissemination of the node energy has been the major aspect in the network lifetime. The nodes in the network will be distributed at the area by using the searching method for the link or the path. All the nodes in a network are connected to each other by using the link establishment with the minimal energy utilization. Hence the distributed energy aware fuzzy logic assisted routing protocol has been proposed with the comparative study of fuzzy inference. The tabu search and the fuzzy assisted routing for data transmission have been proposed to compare and analyze the algorithms for better life time of the network. Keywords—Fuzzy logic, tabu search, wireless sensor network
Management of Wireless Communication Systems Using Artificial Intelligence-Based Software Defined Radio

The wireless communication system was investigated by novel methods, which produce an optimized data link, especially the software-based methods. Software-Defined Radio (SDR) is a common method for developing and implementing wireless communication protocols. In this paper, SDR and artificial intelligence (AI) are used to design a self-management communication system with variable node locations. Three affected parameters for the wireless signal are considered: channel frequency, bandwidth, and modulation type. On one hand, SDR collects and analyzes the signal components while on the other hand, AI processes the situation in real-time sequence after detecting unwanted data during the monitoring stage. The decision was integrated into the system by AI with respect to the instantaneous data read then passed to the communication nodes to take its correct location. The connectivity ratio and coverage area are optimized nearly double by the proposed method, which means the variable node location, according to the peak time, increases the attached subscriber by a while ratio
Nepotism in IPOs: consequences for issuers and investors

Potential conflicts of interest arise when IPO underwriters allocate IPO shares to their affiliated funds. We hypothesize that such nepotism incentives affect IPO pricing. Using a novel hand-collected dataset, we find support for this hypothesis in a regression discontinuity design (RDD): a one percentage point increase in affiliated allocations increases underpricing by 5.4 percentage points. Our evidence suggests that nepotism has real monetary costs for IPO issuers. We also use our dataset to revisit a milder version of nepotism analyzed in prior studies, and we find much clearer support for it than prior work: we find a strong positive association between IPO underpricing and affiliated allocations, which strengthens when nepotism incentives are stronger.
Healthcare challenges of incarcerated women in Australia: An integrative review

Background: Despite the rise in numbers of incarceration women, disparities between health care services and access exist. The health needs of incarcerated women is complex and influenced by multiple social determinants of health. Purpose: Explore the healthcare issues of incarcerated women within Australian Prisons. Methods: Integrative review of the literature. Results: Incarcerated women represent a small proportion of the prison population within Australia, however, health outcomes are significantly impacted. Socioeconomic status, abuse (physical, emotional, sexual), previous incarceration, generational factors are some of the factors impeding the health of incarcerated women. Mental health, chronic disease conditions, maternal and child factors are significant health concerns of this vulnerable population. There is a disparity in health access and programs to improve their health outcomes. This paper explores the challenges impacting the health of incarcerated women. Conclusions: Significant disparities exist in the access of health services available to incarcerated women. There needs to be more focus upon improving access to health services and health support programs to meet the complex health needs of incarcerated in Australia. Furthermore, there is a need for more primary health nurses to prevent and address the healthcare issues of this population.
A Survey on Interoperability between Social Networks and Internet of Things (SIoT): Architecture, Services and Trust Management

The internet of things (IoT) is a vision of interconnecting everyday objects or things and self-configuration wireless networks of sensors which enables these objects to collect and exchange data. Social Network is the interconnection of online community’s and\or competing peoples with similar pattern of contacts or interactions such as friendship, co-working, etc and provides information exchange. The Social Internet of Things is a new paradigm that merges the Internet of Things with Social Networks. This paper presents the compact and comprehensive overview of the challenges and solutions related to interconnecting social networks and internet of things. In addition, this paper surveys the advances and state-of-the-art technologies for promoting SIOT in real world.