Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A theory of glacier dynamics and instabilities Part 1: Topographically confined glaciers

Abstract We present a theoretical framework that integrates the dynamics of glaciers with and without the topographic confinement. This Part 1 paper concerns the former, which may exhibit surge cycles when subjected to thermal switches associated with the bed condition. With the topographic trough setting the glacier width and curbing the lateral drainage of the meltwater, the problem falls under the purview of the undrained plastic bed (UPB) formalism. Employing the UPB, we shall examine the external controls of the glacial behavior and test them against observations. Through our non-dimensionalization scheme, we construct a 2-D regime diagram, which allows a ready prognosis of the glacial properties over the full range of the external conditions, both climate- and size-related. We first discern the boundaries separating the glacial regimes of steady-creep, cyclic-surging and steady-sliding. We then apply the regime diagram to observed glaciers for quantitative comparisons. These include the Svalbard glaciers of both normal and surge types, Northeast Greenland Ice Stream characterized by steady-sliding, and Hudson Strait Ice Stream exhibiting cyclic surges. The quantitative validation of our model containing no free parameters suggests that the thermal switch may unify the dynamics of these diverse glaciers.
Dental Implant Site Drilling and Induced Morphological Changes Correlated with Temperature in Pig’s Rib Used as the Human Jaw Model

The bone tissue destruction during drilling is still one of the crucial problems in implantology. In this study, the influence of drilling speed, coolant presence, and its temperature on bone tissue was tested using swine rib as a biological model of human jaws. The same method of drilling (with or without coolant) was used in all tested samples. The microscopic investigation estimated the size of the destruction zone and morphology of bone tissue surrounding the drilling canal. The achieved results were statistically elaborated. The study proved that the optimal drilling speed was ca. 1200 rpm, but the temperature of the used coolant had no significant influence on provoked bone destruction. Simultaneously, the drilling system without coolant compared to this with coolant has statistical importance on drilling results. Further in vivo studies will verify the obtained results.
Spaced mathematics practice improves test scores and reduces overconfidence

Correspondence Doug Rohrer, University of South Florida, Psychology PCD4118G, Tampa, Florida 33620. Email: drohrer@usf.edu Abstract The practice assignments in a mathematics textbook or course can be arranged so that most of the problems relating to any particular concept are massed together in a single assignment, or these related problems can be distributed across many assignments–a format known as spaced practice. Here we report the results of two classroom experiments that assessed the effects of mathematics spacing on both test scores and students' predictions of their test scores. In each experiment, students in Year 7 (11–12 years of age) either massed their practice into a single session or divided their practice across three sessions spaced 1 week apart, followed 1 month later by a test. In both experiments, spaced practice produced higher test scores than did massed practice, and test score predictions were relatively accurate after spaced practice yet grossly overconfident after massed practice.
Linalool protects hippocampal CA1 neurons and improves functional outcomes following experimental ischemia/reperfusion in rats

Developing countries have witnessed a considerable surge in stroke incidence. In the wake of effective neuroprotective therapies, natural antioxidants offer a promising area for neuroprotection research. In this context, we investigated the neuroprotective efficacy of linalool (LIN) against transient ischemia (30 min)/reperfusion (7 days) (I/R)-induced brain injury in Wistar albino rats. The oxidative stress enzymatic and non-enzymatic markers were estimated along with behavioral, infarction size, and histopathological evaluations. I/R injury significantly elevated lipid peroxidation (LPO), xanthine oxidase (XO), and nitric oxide (NO), and downregulated protective mechanisms such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and total tissue sulfhydryl (T-SH) levels in rat brain. I/R injury produced significant infarction and hippocampal CA1 neuronal death. Further, LIN-treatment, that is, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg for 1 month (p.o.) significantly enhanced the functional recovery of various neurobehavioral impairments induced by I/R. LIN-treatment also markedly reduced LPO, NO, and XO levels, and significantly improved SOD, CAT, GSH, and T-SH levels. Histopathological and coronal sectioning studies revealed LIN-treatment protected hippocampal CA1 neurons and reduced infarction. The findings of this study indicated that LIN-treatment augmented the antioxidant defense after I/R injury, and showed neuroprotective potential through its antioxidant activity in experimental rats.
Comparison of Artificial Neural Network Models of Categorized Daily Electric Load

The efficient operation of power systems and future planning, electricity load forecast is very important. Load estimation is based on predicting future electric load by examining past conditions. Short-term load prediction plays a decisive role in the load sharing of power plants. It also allows to overcome shortcomings caused by sudden load increases and power plant losses. Weather conditions are effective in short-term electrical load estimation. Daily or hourly electricity consumption data is generally used for short-term load estimation. In this study, daily electrical energy consumption of Turkey in the four years of data were used. Short-term load prediction modeling has been carried out. In this modeling, past electrical load values and temperature values were used as input, and in order to increase the prediction accuracy, the characteristics of the days were categorized weekly and classified according to the seasons. Different Artificial Neural Network models have been created according to input data, weekly categorization, and season criteria. In the study, mean absolute percentage error values were calculated. Among the models developed with ANN, the best MAPE value was 2.51% and the worst MAPE value was 4.48%. When the season criterion is added, the MAPE value is more successful. Research article Received: 19.11. 2020 Accepted: 19.03. 2021
Direct active damping control for grid‐connected AC/DC converter with LCL filter using augmented look‐up table

This paper presents a novel approach to adapt the conventional direct power control (DPC) methods that are applied to ac/dc converters with an inductive capacitive inductive (LCL) ﬁlter. These new solutions improved the conventional DPC with an active damping algorithm via multi-variable constraint adjustment, which is based on an augmented look-up table and multi-variable comparators. The novel look-up table proposed for the active damping algorithm of the LCL ﬁlter allows an optimal voltage vector assignment to be chosen using differences in converter-side current and capacitor voltage. This method is also compared with the DPC method with active damping via the addition of a virtual damping resistor and a harmonic rejection loop. The steady-state (total harmonic distortion of the grid current) and dynamic performances (response time on step changes of the set current), as well as the immunity under distorted grid voltage conditions of the proposed system,
Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy Mitigates Interstitial Cystitis by Inhibiting Mast Cells

Background Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a recurrent and chronic inflammatory disease that compromises patients’ quality of life. Effective treatments for IC are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potency of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) in an IC-induced rat model and investigate the potential molecular mechanism in a mast cell model (rat basophilic leukemia cells, RBL-2H3) in treating IC in a coculture system. Material/Methods The rat model of IC was induced by cyclophosphamide (CYP). Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham, IC+PBS, and IC+MSC. In the coculture system, RBL-2H3 cells were sensitized overnight to Compound 48/80 (C48/80), cocultured with UC-MSCs for 3 days, and collected for subsequent experiments. RBL-2H3 cells were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham, C48, and UC-MSCs (C48+MSC). Results The UC-MSCs marked by thymidine analog 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU) were transplanted in the treatment group, and were densely distributed in the bladder. Accordingly, the conscious cystometry was measured and the bladder tissues were harvested. Compared with the sham group, the treated IC rats exhibited shorter bladder voiding intervals (307±35 vs 217±37 s; P<0.01), more integral epithelia, and less collagen fiber aggregation, infiltration and degranulation of mast cells, and inflammatory cytokines in the bladder tissue. In the coculture system, compared with the C48 group, the UC-MSC-treated RBL-2H3 cells had suppressed degranulation. Conclusions UC-MSCs treatment showed a promising therapeutic effect on treating IC in vivo and in vitro. UC-MSCs inhibit mast cell degranulation in IC and could be a potential therapeutic target to ameliorate inflammation in IC.
Creating Apprenticeships in Switzerland: the case of the cableway mechanics

ABSTRACT Collective skill formation systems thrive if employers’ skill needs are reflected in apprenticeship training programmes and firms offer apprenticeship positions. Occupation-level adaptation processes underpin these systems, which offer upper-secondary level vocational education leading to hundreds of occupations. Yet, it is considered challenging to introduce new apprenticeships in sectors without training tradition. Based on the case of the newly created cableway mechanic occupation, this paper suggests that the institutional context in combination with effortful institutional work allowed a business association to introduce a small new occupation in the Swiss vocational education and training system. The cableway association mobilised firms, legitimised the new occupation towards public authorities, lobbied for more financial support, and fought to gain apprentices. Ten years after the introduction, finally, financial difficulties were overcome, and the apprenticeship institutionalised in the educational landscape.
Physicochemical and phytochemical screening of six plants commonly used in the treatment of malaria in Nigeria.

Medicinal plants contain active compounds usually present as complex mixtures though at low concentrations, which accounts for the medicinal properties. Therefore it is important to identify and characterize these compounds. This study aims to quantify and characterize the physicochemical and phytochemical compositions of six plants commonly used in the treatment of malaria using HighPerformance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). These plants which are used individually or in combinations: Enantia chlorantha, Cymbopogon citratus, Curcuma longa, Carica papaya, Alstonia boonei and Mangifera indica, were extracted with hot water and the extracts characterized with HPLC using standard procedures. The results showed that M. indica stem bark had the highest yield with 81.48% and C. papaya had the lowest yield with 53.80%. Physicochemical properties of the extracts of E. chlorantha, C. citratus, C. longa, C. papaya, A. boonei and M. indica respectively are as follows: Melting point 90, 80, 95, 92, 96 and 96; pH 7.43, 8.02, 6.24, 6.81, 6.41, 6.85; moisture content 18.27, 22.77, 9.96, 9.62, 3.85 and 10.00; Total ash 1.45, 3.51, 0.34, 0.57, 9.10,10.21; refractive index 1.34, 1.34, 1.34, 1.34, 1.34, 1.34 and 1.34. Alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, coumarin were some of the antimalarial active phytochemicals identified. Alkaloid (Atropine) was highest in C. longa (4382.2mg/g). M. indica (32982.8mg/g) had the highest Rutin Hydrate content. While Quercetin was not detected in C. papaya, it was considerably present in A. boonei (491.1mg/g). All the analyzed six plants contain low phenol (gallic acid). The characterized physicochemical and phytochemical compositions of the examined plants suggests why the plants are effective in the treatment of malaria. The information reported herein describes the physicochemical and phytochemical contents of six commonly used antimalarial plants in Nigeria. It is expected that the information will be useful in understanding the pharmaceutical effects of how the plants work in the body and in the development of efficacious and safe antimalarial drugs.
Nonlinear vibration of conical shell with a piezoelectric sensor patch and a piezoelectric actuator patch

In this study, nonlinear vibration of a conical shell with a piezoelectric sensor patch and a piezoelectric actuator patch is evaluated. The strain displacement relation is considered to be nonlinear and based on that the equations of motion and piezoelectric sensor output signal are extracted. For the first time, nonlinear electromechanical equations of motion for the conical shell with a piezoelectric sensor layer and a piezoelectric actuator layer are extracted in detail and presented. The producer of extraction of conical shell electromechanical equations of motions is presented for further clarifications. The output signal of the piezoelectric sensor patch considering the nonlinear strain displacement equation of motion is derived. For controlling the vibration actively, a proportional controller is defined by which the applied actuator signal is determined. The nonlinear electromechanical equations of motion are expanded based on conical shell strains. By applying the Galerkin method, the nonlinear time-domain equations are extracted. The complicated attained equations are solved using the harmonic balance method. Conical shell nonlinear frequency response in uncontrolled condition and controlled condition is computed and compared with each other. The frequency response shows that the active vibration control of the conical shell increases the nonlinearity of the system and reduces the vibration amplitude. In addition, free nonlinear vibration of the proposed system is calculated and presented. The results show higher impacts of piezoelectric patches on the conical shell free vibration response and they can reduce the vibration amplitude dramatically.
The influences of Shariah governance mechanisms on Islamic banks performance and Shariah compliance quality

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the influences of Shariah governance (SG) mechanisms on Islamic banks' performance and Shariah compliance quality in the context of Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachA semi-structured personal interview tactic was applied to accomplish the research objectives. The data were collected from the regulators, Shariah supervisory boards, Shariah department executives and Shariah experts from the Central Bank (Bangladesh Bank) and Islamic banks in Bangladesh.FindingsThe study discovers that the quality of the Board of Directors (BODs), Shariah Supervisory Board (SSB), management and Shariah executives have both positive and negative influences on the Shariah compliance quality, image, goodwill and performance of Islamic banks' in Bangladesh. The compositions, formations and quality of SSB and Shariah officers positively influence the Islamic banks' fatwas, Shariah decisions, compliance quality and firm performance. The study also finds that prevailing banking pressure, current political situation, the willingness of BOD and management and social limitations impact Islamic banks' performance, Shariah compliance quality, image and goodwill.Research limitations/implicationsBased on our findings, if the regulators, BODs and Islamic banks can manage effective and efficient executives, it will create a positive impact on Islamic banks' performance, image, goodwill and quality compliance. As the prevailing banking pressure, current political situation and social limitations hinder the functions and employment system of the Islamic banks as well as result the Islamic banks' image, performance, Shariah implementations and compliance. Thus, the theorist needs to consider these mechanisms in extending the agency, stakeholder and resource dependence theories.Originality/valueThis research extends the literature concerning the influences of Islamic banks' SG mechanisms in Bangladesh. The study also argued not only the efficient and effective mechanisms but also the prevailing banking pressure, current political situation and social limitations impact on Islamic banks' performance and Shariah compliance quality.
Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Trace Level Ricin in Castor Seeds Using a Boron‐doped Diamond Electrode

Ricin, (Ricinus communis agglutinin, RCA) is one of the most poisonous of naturally occurring substances and has great potential for bioterrorism because no antidote exists. Fast detection at low concentrations is a challenge, and vital to the development of proper countermeasures. In this study, a square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetric (SWAdSV) method for determining RCA using a cathodically polarized boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode is presented. An irreversible electrochemical RCA oxidation peak was identified on the BDD electrode by different voltammetric techniques using both direct and adsorptive stripping modes. An adsorption-controlled (slope log Ip vs log v of 0.80) pH-dependent process was observed. For values of 1.0≤pH≤9.0, the numbers of protons and electrons associated with the oxidation reaction were estimated (ca. 1.0) by differential pulse voltammetry. The RCA oxidation step may correspond to the oxidation of tryptophan amino acid residues, and occurs in a complex mechanism. The excellent analytical performance of the cathodically polarized BDD electrode in combination with the stripping mode ramp was verified with RCA by using a short deposition time in an open circuit potential (120 s). Under optimized analysis conditions, a linear response in the range of (3.3–94.0)×10−9 mol L−1 (r2=0.9944) and a limit of detection of 6.2×10−10 mol L−1 were estimated. This LOD is lower than several methods found in the literature. For example, it is 168 times lower than that obtained by using square wave voltammetric with a glassy carbon electrode. Moreover, an even lower LOD might be achieved by using the SWAdSV method with a higher pre-concentration time. In addition, trace levels of RCA were successfully determined in different castor seed cultivars with an overall average recovery from 99.2±1.6 % for the three different RCA-A concentration levels. The high accuracy of the analytical data highlights the use of the proposed method for determining RCA in other samples.
PRELIMINARY STUDY ON PLASTICINE AS A SUBSTITUTE COHESIVE MATERIAL FOR GEOTECHNICAL PHYSICAL SOIL MODELING

Plasticine is an artificial material made from solids such as gypsum, lime, mixed with petroleum jelly or micro wax and acid fat. The properties of plasticine are likely similar to natural clay and is influenced by oil content. The information about mechanical properties of plasticine is still very rare, and as such the study on it is riquired and must be conducted intensively. The preliminary laboratory study has been conducted to understand the behaviour of plasticines. Microwax and petroleum jelly based plasticines were utilised with the variation of oil content, whereas kaolin clay with the variation of water content is utilised as a reference material. The study is focusing on the stress-strain behaviour for both microwax and petroleum jelly based plasticines compared to the stress-strain behaviour of kaolin clay. This paper reports the result of preliminary investigation regarding the use of plasticine as an alternative artificial material for substitution of clay in soil modeling. Some engineering properties from unconfined compression strength (UCS) test and hand penetrometer are shown. The result indicates that the stress-strain behaviour of plasticine resembles the stress-strain behaviour of kaolin clay. The plasticine is suitable as a substitute cohesive material and it has a potential to be utilised for geotechnical material modelling in the future.
The Myth of King Kong and the Religious Background That Nests in the Human Soul

The four most important King Kong films (1933, 1976, 2005, and 2017) contain religious sentiments that are related to the numinous and mysterious fear of Nature and death that gives meaning to life, and to the institutionalization of society. In this way, as observed in the films, the Society originated by religion is a construction against Nature and Death. Based on these hypotheses, the objective of this work is to (a) show that the social structure of the tribal society that lives on Skull Island is reinforced by the religious feelings that they profess towards the Kong divinity, and (b) reveal the impact that the observation of the generalized alterity that characterizes the isolated tribal society of the island produces on Western visitors—and therefore, on film viewers. The article concludes that the return to New York, after the trip, brings an unexpected guest: the barbarism that is installed in the heart of civilization; that the existing order is reinforced and the society in crisis is renovated; and that the rationality subject to commercial purposes that characterizes modernity has not been able to escape from the religiosity that nests in the depths of the human soul.
Morphology-controlled MnO2 modified silicon diatoms for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

Successful conversion of diatomites (SiO2) into silicon diatoms was achieved via the magnesiothermic reduction method followed by deposition of MnO2 nanosheets to fabricate unique 3D silicon-diatom@MnO2 electrodes and demonstrate their application for high-performance supercapacitors. The synergy between the microporous diatom structure and layered MnO2 nanosheets was found to produce excellent electrochemical performance evidenced by high specific capacitance (341.5 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1), good rate capability (47.7% retention with current increases around 20 times) and steady cycling performance (84.8% remained after 2000 cycles). The prepared asymmetric supercapacitor based on silicon diatom@MnO2 nanosheets as a positive electrode and active graphene oxide (AGO) as a negative electrode delivered a maximum power density of 2.22 kW kg−1 and an energy density of 23.2 W h kg−1, which is superior to many other silicon-based and MnO2-based materials. These outstanding performances are attributed to the unique 3D microstructures, good conductivity of silicon diatoms and the highly porous surface formed by interconnection of MnO2 nanosheets. Considering the low cost of initial materials and simplicity of the fabrication process, these silicon diatom@MnO2 nanosheet electrodes have significant potential to be used as an electrode material for inexpensive and high-performance supercapacitors.