Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hot off the press News-implied sovereign default risk

We develop a sovereign default risk index using natural language processing techniques and 10 million news articles covering over 100 countries. The index is a high-frequency measure of countries’ default risk, particularly for those lacking market-based measures: it correlates with sovereign CDS spreads, predicts rating downgrades, and reﬂects default risk information not fully captured by CDS spreads. We assess the inﬂuence of sovereign default concerns on equity markets and ﬁnd that spikes in the index are negatively associated with same-week market returns, which reverses over the next week, indicating that investors might overreact to default concerns. Equity markets’ reaction to default concerns is more pronounced and persistent for countries with tight ﬁscal constraints. The response to global, compared to country-speciﬁc, default concerns is much stronger, underlining the relevance of global “push” factors for local asset prices.
γ -Alumina Nanotubes Prepared by Hydrothermal Method as Support of Iron, Cobalt and Nickel for Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts

γ -Alumina nanotubes have been synthesized by hydrothermal method from aluminium nitrate nonahydrate, CTAB, urea, and water with a molar ratio of 29:153:1:2028. The alumina has BET surface area of 203.73 m 2 /g, pore volume of 0.14 ml/g, and average pore diameter of 2.78 nm. The crystallite size calculated by Scherer equation was in the range of 9.8–11 nm. It has been employed as support of iron, cobalt, and nickel for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst. The three catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method. It was found that they showed different catalytic behaviours and activity. The acidity of catalysts increased according to the order: Co/Al 2 O 3 <Fe/Al 2 O 3 <Ni/Al 2 O 3 . The reducibility, amount of active site and catalytic activity increased in the following order: Fe/Al 2 O 3 <Co/Al 2 O 3 <Ni/Al 2 O 3 .
Decreased motivational properties of morphine in mouse models of cancerous- or inflammatory-chronic pain: implication of supraspinal NPFF2 receptors.

Decreased motivational properties morphine cancerous- inflammatory-chronic pain: implication of supraspinal NPFF Abstract Our main purpose was to evaluate the influence of cancer pain on the rewarding properties of morphine. Opioids are very addictive when used by healthy persons, conversely the occurrence of an opioid addiction seems very low when patients suffering from cancer are treated with morphine. We investigated the reinforcing properties of morphine in the place preference paradigm on a new model of mice suffering from a cancer pain induced by syngenic melanoma cells injected in the hind paw. These data were compared with mice suffering either from a short-term- or a chronic- inflammatory pain induced respectively by injection of carrageenan or Complete Freund’s Adjuvant. Remarkably, mice suffering from cancer pain or chronic inflammatory pain did not develop any preference for the environment associated with the injection of morphine. In mice injected with melanoma cells, the specific binding of [ 125 I]EYF, an agonist of NPFF 2 receptors, was increased in several brain areas involved in the rewarding properties of opiates, including the shell of the nucleus accumbens, the major islands of Calleja, the ventral endopiriform nucleus and the amygdaloid area. Our study is the first to reveal a modification of morphine rewarding properties under cancer pain in rodents. We postulate that anti-opioid neuropeptides might contribute to the suppression of morphine rewarding effects in this murine model of cancer pain.
Laser Ablation of Hard-Tissues: a Review

Laser machining of biological hard tissues is coming today the most common medical application of the laser in dentistry and osteotomy, mainly because of the ability to cut faster, less invasive, free incision geometry with a higher quality and less thermal damaging surrounding tissues than the competing processes. However, there are two main energy loss mechanisms which limit the efficiency achievable in depth; (i) growing heat diffusion from the increasing surface area of the incision, and (ii) increasing absorption and scattering of laser light by the debris which is confined in the depth of the ablated area. In this paper, the dependence of the main parameters of hard tissue ablation on the laser parameters is reviewed. Moreover, we have presented the methods to bypass the limitation of the incision depth in laser ablation hard tissue by long mid-infrared laser pulses.
OFICJALNE PISMO POLSKIEGO TOWARZYSTWA NAUKOWEGO LECZENIA RAN I ORGANIZACJI OPIEKI

Diabetic foot, which manifests as foot ulcers, is a worldwide medical problem that affects millions of people every year. The annual incidence of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) or necrosis in diabetic patients is known to be about 2% to 5% and the lifetime risk has been estimated to be as high as 25%. Therefore novel approaches and modern treatments are crucial in the management of diabetic patients. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) is a therapeutic procedure for the treatment of chronic foot-threatening ulcers in diabetic patients. Current evidence shows statistically significant differences in favour of HBOT as compared with standard care. However, there are still many conflicting results indicating its benefit in the treatment of DFU. The objective of this review is to investigate current knowledge on HBOT in the management of DFU and discuss the benefits and limitations.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF CELEBRITY ENDORSED ADVERTISEMENTS ON THE BUYING BEHAVIOUR OF CONSUMERS IN SALEM DISTRICT WITH REFERENCE TO FMCG PRODUCTS DR. R. RAJESWARI & M. RUBIA BEGAM

In the context of developing economies, urban centers have long been dependent on rural areas for their fuel. This dependence of urban centers on surrounding rural areas has aggravated forest devastation and degradation. Besides, use of biomass fuels has a significant impact on health. This study looks into household energy choice and demand in selected urban areas using a survey data of 251 urban households in Wolaita zone. The survey indicated use of traditional fuels dominate households' energy consumption. Probit analysis of decision to consume fuel revealed probability of consuming modern fuels in general increases with increase in price of traditional fuels, income and household education whereas probability of consuming traditional fuels in general increases with increase in price of modern fuels, household size and house head age. Moreover, probit regression showed kerosene is substitute for both fuel wood and charcoal; and fuel wood is substitutes for saw dust. The result that kerosene is a substitute for charcoal and fuel wood indicate an effort to ensure energy transition to modern energy fuels is needed. We applied an almost-ideal demand system to analyze demand for fuels and seemingly unrelated regression is used to estimate this. This seemingly unrelated regression estimation indicated demand for charcoal and kerosene are price inelastic whereas demand for fuel wood and saw dust are price elastic. Demand for electricity was somewhat unitary elastic. Moreover, seemingly unrelated regression estimation showed income elasticities of each fuel except electricity is expected to be 1 indicating these fuels are normal goods whereas income elasticity of electricity is 3.9 implying electricity is found to be luxury good. This study recommends local governments to emphasize energy transition from the traditional to the modern ones taking income, education and household size in to consideration.
Intermittent Low-Dose Thalidomide Plus Dexamethasone as Maintenance Therapy in Patients with Multiple Myeloma

In patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM), maintenance therapy with thalidomide helps maintain the results achieved through first-line treatment, improving Progression-Free Survival (PFS) and even Overall Survival (OS). However, when given continuously thalidomide causes various adverse events and high toxicity, thus patients have an increased risk of developing neuropathies and thromboembolic complications. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of a treatment protocol combining intermittent low-dose thalidomide with a monthly fixed dose of dexamethasone, in order to reduce toxicity and adverse events without stopping the maintenance therapy. Between 2003 and 2014, at our centre 62 patients with MM received intermittent low-dose thalidomide (50mg/day for 2 weeks per month) in combination with a fixed dose of dexamethasone (20mg/day for 4 days per month) as maintenance treatment, plus low-dose salicylate (100mg/day) as antithrombotic prophylaxis. We observed positive effects on both OS and PFS, with a statistically significant advantage in patients with standard-risk cytogenetics compared to patients classified as high-risk (median OS of 70 months vs 34; median PFS of 41 months vs 22). Furthermore, our treatment protocol resulted in a remarkable reduction in toxicity and adverse events: peripheral neuropathy rate was 1.6% and no thromboembolic complications were recorded. Patients mainly experienced moderate fatigue (12.9%) and constipation (3.2%), which did not require dose reductions or discontinuation of therapy. Based on these data, intermittent low-dose thalidomide plus dexamethasone should be taken into consideration as maintenance regimen for MM, especially when treating elderly patients with favorable iFISH.
Signal Source and Functional Connectivity of Neurophysiological Correlates of Temporal Mental Orientation during Natural Language Processing

: Temporal mental orientation is a brain function that enables us to roam from the memorized past to the imaginable future. Previous studies have reported that mental orientation in spatial dimension correlated with activation of multiple cortical areas, including the posterior medial portion of the parietal lobe and precuneus. In contrast, the neural correlates of temporal mental orientation remain unclear. The present study performed a verbal experiment to investigate the neurophysiological correlates of temporal mental orientation. Neurophysiological activities were recorded extracranially, as participants processed sentences with correct or incorrect temporal orientations. We conducted time-domain and signal source estimation analyses. We observed that right frontal positive and centro-parietal negative event-related brain potential amplitudes increased for the incorrect temporal orientation, compared to that for correct orientation. Signal source estimation analysis demonstrated that these neural activities originated from the superior parietal areas, including the right precuneus, which functionally connected with the left precentral or premotor areas. The present ﬁndings suggest that the fronto-parietal functional connection contributes to temporal mental orientation.
4. Comparing long-term scarring effects of unemployment across countries: the impact of graduating during an economic downturn 1

Youth employment prospects are highly sensitive to the business cycle, and especially so at labour market entry. Young workers tend to be the last in and therefore the first out when an economy declines (Vandenberghe, 2010: 4–5). In the Great Recession beginning in 2008, youth unemployment peaked at record-high levels, followed by only slow improvement (OECD, 2017). A number of observers have been concerned that young people who were left without work or engaged in insecure employment during the recession may become a lost generation (OECD Observer, 2010). These youth cohorts may not only find it difficult to establish themselves in the labour market in the short term but may also experience lasting negative consequences for their careers (Arulampalam et al., 2001). The exposure to unemployment adversely impacts on young people’s subsequent careers and labour market integration, as well as on their future subjective well-being. It is not possible to fully explain these long-term consequences through individual characteristics such as low qualifications, low motivation or a lack of abilities (Biewen and Steffes, 2010). Rather, the incidence of unemployment itself renders people less attractive to prospective employers. In addition, through diverse psychological mechanisms, the experience of unemployment negatively affects the person’s further success in job
A Straightforward Approach to Synthesize 7-Aminocephalosporanic Acid In Vivo in the Cephalosporin C Producer Acremonium chrysogenum

The pharmaceutical industry has developed various highly effective semi-synthetic cephalosporins, which are generated by modifying the side chains of the core molecule 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA). In industrial productions, the 7-ACA nucleus is obtained in vitro from cephalosporin C (CPC) by chemical or enzymatic processes, which are waste intensive and associated with high production costs. Here, we used a transgenic in vivo approach to express bacterial genes for cephalosporin C acylase (CCA) in the CPC producer Acremonium chrysogenum. Western blot and mass spectrometry analyses verified that the heterologous enzymes are processed into α- and β-subunits in the fungal cell. Extensive HPLC analysis detected substrates and products of CCAs in both fungal mycelia and culture supernatants, with the highest amount of 7-ACA found in the latter. Using different incubation times, temperatures, and pH values, we explored the optimal conditions for the active bacterial acylase to convert CPC into 7-ACA in the culture supernatant. We calculated that the best transgenic fungal strains exhibit a one-step conversion rate of the bacterial acylase of 30%. Our findings can be considered a remarkable contribution to supporting future pharmaceutical manufacturing processes with reduced production costs.
Implementing a Discharge Opioid Bundle in Adult Trauma Patients Decreases the Amount of Opioids Prescribed at Discharge

Background Opioids remain the mainstay treatment of acute pain caused by trauma. The lack of evidence driven prescribing creates a challenging situation for providers. We hypothesized that the implementation of a trauma discharge opioid bundle (TDOB) would decrease the total morphine milligram equivalents (MME) prescribed at discharge while maintaining pain control. Methods This was a pre-post study of adult trauma patients before and after implementation of a TDOB to guide the prescription of opioids and discharge prescription education in patients discharged from a level one trauma center. The pre-group and post-group, included consecutively discharged patients from September through November in 2018 and 2019. The primary outcome was the total MME prescribed at discharge. Results A total of 377 patients met inclusion criteria. One hundred and fifty-one patients were included in the pre-group and 226 in the post-group. The total MME prescribed at discharge (225 ± [150-300] pre vs 200 ± [100-225] post, P = < .001) and maximum MME/day (45 ± [30-45] vs 30 ± [20-45], P = .004) were significantly less in the post-group. Incidence of outpatient refills within fourteen days were similar. More non-opioid pain adjuncts were prescribed post-intervention and discharge pain education was provided more frequently. Conclusion The implementation of a TDOB significantly reduced the MME prescribed at discharge without increasing the number of opioid refills.
Wireless soft millirobots for climbing three-dimensional surfaces in confined spaces

Wireless soft-bodied robots at the millimeter scale allow traversing very confined unstructured terrains with minimal invasion and safely interacting with the surrounding environment. However, existing untethered soft millirobots still lack the ability of climbing, reversible controlled surface adhesion, and long-term retention on unstructured three-dimensional (3D) surfaces, limiting their use in biomedical and environmental applications. Here, we report a fundamental peeling-and-loading mechanism to allow untethered soft-bodied robots to climb 3D surfaces by using both the soft-body deformation and whole-body motion of the robot under external magnetic fields. This generic mechanism is implemented with different adhesive robot footpad designs, allowing vertical and inverted surface climbing on diverse 3D surfaces with complex geometries and different surface properties. With the unique robot footpad designs that integrate microstructured adhesives and tough bioadhesives, the soft climbing robot could achieve controllable adhesion and friction to climb 3D soft and wet surfaces including porcine tissues, which paves the way for future environmental inspection and minimally invasive medicine applications.
ZmLBD5 Increases Drought Sensitivity by Suppressing ROS Accumulation in Arabidopsis

Drought stress is known to significantly limit crop growth and productivity. Lateral organ boundary domain (LBD) transcription factors—particularly class-I members—play essential roles in plant development and biotic stress. However, little information is available on class-II LBD genes related to abiotic stress in maize. Here, we cloned a maize class-II LBD transcription factor, ZmLBD5, and identified its function in drought stress. Transient expression, transactivation, and dimerization assays demonstrated that ZmLBD5 was localized in the nucleus, without transactivation, and could form a homodimer or heterodimer. Promoter analysis demonstrated that multiple drought-stress-related and ABA response cis-acting elements are present in the promoter region of ZmLBD5. Overexpression of ZmLBD5 in Arabidopsis promotes plant growth under normal conditions, and suppresses drought tolerance under drought conditions. Furthermore, the overexpression of ZmLBD5 increased the water loss rate, stomatal number, and stomatal apertures. DAB and NBT staining demonstrated that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreased in ZmLBD5-overexpressed Arabidopsis. A physiological index assay also revealed that SOD and POD activities in ZmLBD5-overexpressed Arabidopsis were higher than those in wild-type Arabidopsis. These results revealed the role of ZmLBD5 in drought stress by regulating ROS levels.
Help for insomnia from the app store? A standardized rating of mobile health applications claiming to target insomnia

A large number of mobile health applications claiming to target insomnia are available in commercial app stores. However, limited information on the quality of these mobile health applications exists. The present study aimed to systematically search the European Google Play and Apple App Store for mobile health applications targeting insomnia, and evaluate the quality, content, evidence base and potential therapeutic benefit. Eligible mobile health applications were evaluated by two independent reviewers using the Mobile Application Rating Scale‐German, which ranges from 1 – inadequate to 5 – excellent. Of 2236 identified mobile health applications, 53 were included in this study. Most mobile health applications (68%) had a moderate overall quality. Concerning the four main subscales of the Mobile Application Rating Scale‐German, functionality was rated highest (M = 4.01, SD = 0.52), followed by information quality (M = 3.49, SD = 0.72), aesthetics (M = 3.31, SD = 1.04) and engagement (M = 3.02, SD = 1.03). While scientific evidence was identified for 10 mobile health applications (19%), only one study employed a randomized controlled design. Fifty mobile health applications featured sleep hygiene/psychoeducation (94%), 27 cognitive therapy (51%), 26 relaxation methods (49%), 24 stimulus control (45%), 16 sleep restriction (30%) and 24 sleep diaries (45%). Mobile health applications may have the potential to improve the care of insomnia. Yet, data on the effectiveness of mobile health applications are scarce, and this study indicates a large variance in the quality of the mobile health applications. Thus, independent information platforms are needed to provide healthcare seekers and providers with reliable information on the quality and content of mobile health applications.
Integrated Multifunctional Graphene Discs 2D Plasmonic Optical Tweezers for Manipulating Nanoparticles

Optical tweezers are key tools to trap and manipulate nanoparticles in a non-invasive way, and have been widely used in the biological and medical fields. We present an integrated multifunctional 2D plasmonic optical tweezer consisting of an array of graphene discs and the substrate circuit. The substrate circuit allows us to apply a bias voltage to configure the Fermi energy of graphene discs independently. Our work is based on numerical simulation of the finite element method. Numerical results show that the optical force is generated due to the localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR) mode of the graphene discs with Fermi Energy Ef = 0.6 eV under incident intensity I = 1 mW/μm2, which has a very low incident intensity compared to other plasmonic tweezers systems. The optical forces on the nanoparticles can be controlled by modulating the position of LSPR excitation. Controlling the position of LSPR excitation by bias voltage gates to configure the Fermi energy of graphene disks, the nanoparticles can be dynamically transported to arbitrary positions in the 2D plane. Our work is integrated and has multiple functions, which can be applied to trap, transport, sort, and fuse nanoparticles independently. It has potential applications in many fields, such as lab-on-a-chip, nano assembly, enhanced Raman sensing, etc.
High Diversity of Type I Polyketide Genes in Bacidia rubella as Revealed by the Comparative Analysis of 23 Lichen Genomes

Fungi involved in lichen symbioses produce a large array of secondary metabolites that are often diagnostic in the taxonomic delimitation of lichens. The most common lichen secondary metabolites—polyketides—are synthesized by polyketide synthases, particularly by Type I PKS (TI-PKS). Here, we present a comparative genomic analysis of the TI-PKS gene content of 23 lichen-forming fungal genomes from Ascomycota, including the de novo sequenced genome of Bacidia rubella. Firstly, we identify a putative atranorin cluster in B. rubella. Secondly, we provide an overview of TI-PKS gene diversity in lichen-forming fungi, and the most comprehensive Type I PKS phylogeny of lichen-forming fungi to date, including 624 sequences. We reveal a high number of biosynthetic gene clusters and examine their domain composition in the context of previously characterized genes, confirming that PKS genes outnumber known secondary substances. Moreover, two novel groups of reducing PKSs were identified. Although many PKSs remain without functional assignments, our findings highlight that genes from lichen-forming fungi represent an untapped source of novel polyketide compounds.