Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plasticity of wheat grain yield is associated with plasticity of ear number

Abstract. Here we propose that the perspective of phenotypic plasticity can enhance our understanding of the role of fertile tillers in accommodating environmental variation. We tested the hypothesis that the plasticity of yield correlates with the plasticity of ear number using free-tillering (–tin) and reduced-tillering (+tin) sister wheat lines in two genetic backgrounds, Lang and Silverstar. Crops were grown in 10 rainfed environments resulting from the combination of seasons, sites, nitrogen rates, and sowing dates. The combination of lines and environments generated a range from 157 to 357 ears m–2 at harvest, and a yield range from 1.9 to 4.2 t ha–1. Plasticity was quantified with two methods, slopes of reaction norms and variance ratios; both methods returned the same ranking of lines for both ear number and yield. The tin allele reduced the plasticity of both ear number and yield in Lang but not in Silverstar. The reduced plasticity associated with the tin allele in Lang had two components: a small reduction in ear number under low-yielding conditions, and a large reduction in the capacity to respond to higher yielding environments. Consistent with our working hypothesis, plasticity of yield and plasticity of ear number were correlated (R2 = 0.81, P = 0.01). Plasticity of ear number was associated with the plasticity of shoot biomass at harvest (R2 = 0.74, P = 0.006), and plasticity of biomass was associated with the plasticity of yield (R2 = 0.86, P = 0.0009). This suggests that the environmental responsiveness of yield was partially mediated by the environmental responsiveness of fertile tillers. We found positive correlations between plasticity of ear number and plasticity of several traits including biomass, radiation-use efficiency and water-use efficiency, and a negative correlation between plasticity of ear number and plasticity of seeds per ear. Ear number per se was unrelated to biomass, radiation-use efficiency, water-use efficiency, and seeds per ear. We conclude that a dual focus on traits per se and their plasticity is a fruitful approach to understand the phenotype, particularly when genotype × environment interaction is large.
Hybrid Fuzzy-PID based MPPT Enhancement of Grid-Connected DFIG Wind Energy Eystem with TLBO Optimization

This research article emphasizes the enhancement of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) action using a Fuzzy supervised PID (f-PID) controller for a grid-connected 2MW Doubly fed Induction Generator (DFIG) connected to a passive filter and grid via Back-to-Back PWM Converter topology. This article also proposes the implementation of Teaching Learning-based optimization (TLBO) technique for tuning gain parameters of the proposed as well as extant controllers used in the MPPT algorithm. The primary objective is to improvise the conventional Rotor side current-based fieldoriented control (MSC) of the understudy system, by employing a modified Tip-Speed Ratio (TSR) based MPPT algorithm with wind speed estimator. This algorithm ensures extraction and regulation of maximum active power while minimizing stator reactive power drawn under a step-wise variable wind speed profile. It is realized by employing a PID controller to restrict rotor angular speed variation around its optimal value, estimated by a fuzzy logic system. After the completion of a comprehensive simulation analysis using MATLAB/Simulink R2017a, the performance of the proposed controller in steady as well as transient states is being fairly found to be superior as compared to that of PID and Non-linear PID (NPID) based controllers in terms of settling time, MPP steady-state error and tracking efficiency. Keywords— Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), Fuzzy supervised PID, doubly fed Induction Generator (DFIG), Machine side control (MSC), Tip-Speed Ratio (TSR), Teaching-Learning Based Optimization (TLBO)
A NOTE ON USING CROSS-SECTIONAL INFORMATION IN BAYESIAN ESTIMATION OF SECURITY BETAS

BAYESIAN DECISION THEORY provides formal procedures which utilize information available prior to sampling, together with the sample information, to construct estimates which are optimal with respect to the minimization of the expected loss. This paper presents a method for generating Bayesian estimates of the regression coefficient of rates of return of a security against those of a market index. The distribution of the regression coefficients across securities is used as the prior distribution in the analysis. Explicit formulas are given for the estimates. The Bayesian approach is discussed in comparison with the current practice of sampling-theory procedures.
Biological activities and phytochemical constituents of the gray mangrove Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh.

In vitro assessment of the antibacteriophage, antibacterial and anticandidal activities as well as cytotoxicity were evaluated for both aqueous and ethanol extracts prepared from roots, cotyledons, leaves and stems of Avicennia marina . Aqueous extracts of both shoots and roots of the seedlings demonstrated antibacteriophage activity using coliphage against Escherichia coli NRRL B-3704, which indicates antiviral activity. Aqueous extracts also exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against the larvae of the brine shrimp Artemia salina , which demonstrates antiplasmodial and antimalarial activities. However, both aqueous and ethanol extracts of various parts of the seedlings lacked antimicrobial activities against eight microbial test strains. On the other hand, irradiation of either seedling parts or plant extracts with long-wave UV radiation elicits immediate phototoxic activity. Investigating the production of growthregulating substances in crude extracts reveals the presence of auxin- and cytokinin-like activities. Phytochemical analysis of ethanol extract of the shoot system indicates the presence of some biologically active metabolites including tannins, flavonoids, sterols, iridoid glycosides and organic acids. Alkaloids and saponins were not present in the extracts, which means no toxicity. The potential medicinal value and phytochemical prospects of the gray mangrove grown on the Red Sea coastline of Egypt are discussed. KEY WORDS: antibacteriophage activity, phototoxic antimicrobials, cytotoxicity, growth regulators, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Egyptian Journal of Botany Vol.5 2003: 62-69
Remedial Interventions for Children with Reading Disabilities

The effects of two types of phonological training in children with reading disabilities (RD) were examined. One of the programs (SP/LPA) trained children in speech discrimination, letter—sound correspondence, and phonemic awareness. The other program (LPA) trained children only in letter—sound correspondence and phonemic awareness. The effects of these programs were compared with a control group. Thirty-five children with RD were trained in small groups five times a week for 4 weeks. The results indicated that both experimental groups improved in phonemic awareness compared to the control group but that only the SP/LPA group scored higher than the control group in reading.
Does size matter? A cautionary experiment on overoptimism in length-based bioresource assessment

Recently, there has been considerable progress in the development of neurolipofuscin-based age determination methods for crustacean stock assessment. Initial applications to lobster and crab fisheries suggest some important method-related differences between conventional length-based assessment parameter estimates and those derived with the new aging technique. Here, for the first time, we aim to clarify the basis for and implications of some of these discrepancies using an experimental fishery context. We estimate von Bertalanffy growth parameters (k and l∞), longevity (tmax), total and natural mortality (Z and M, respectively), maximum sustainable relative yield-per-recruit (MSY'/R), and the exploitation rate that produces MSY'/R (EMSY'/R) for a freshwater crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) population by length–frequency analysis and tag–recapture (length-increment-at-length) and compare these results with simultaneous neurolipofuscin demographic estimates. Our central finding is that the length-based .
Assessment of Drought Resistance in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke). I Factors Affecting Yields under Stress

Yield trials of advanced lines of pearl millet were grown under midseason (panicle initiation to flowering) and terminal (flowering to maturity) drought stresses in the dry seasons of 1981, 1982, and 1983. Grain yield and its components were severely reduced by the terminal stress, but were little affected by the midseason drought, as there was compensation by later tillers for yield lost on the earlier shoots. The major factor determining grain yield of a genotype in both stress treatments was its time to flowering. Because of this, yield-yield component relationships under stress were a result of yield component-phenology relationships. Yield potential (measured in an irrigated treatment in the same field) was generally positively related to yield under stress, but accounted for a much smaller fraction of yield variation than time to flowering. These two factors together accounted for more than 50% of the total variation in grain yield under stress, suggesting that genotype drought response (drought resistance/susceptibility) was a secondary rather than a primary factor in differences in yield under stress among the genotypes tested.
From Control Model to Program: Investigating Robotic Aerial Vehicle Accidents with MAYDAY

With wide adoption of robotic aerial vehicles (RAVs), their accidents increasingly occur, calling for in-depth investigation of such accidents. Unfortunately, an inquiry to “why did my drone crash” often ends up with nowhere, if the root cause lies in the RAV’s control program, due to the key challenges in evidence and methodology: (1) Current RAVs’ flight log only records high-level vehicle control states and events, without recording control program execution; (2) The capability of “connecting the dots” – from controller anomaly to program variable corruption to program bug location – is lacking. To address these challenges, we develop MAYDAY, a crossdomain post-accident investigation framework by mapping control model to control program, enabling (1) in-flight logging of control program execution, and (2) traceback to the control-semantic bug that led to an accident, based on controland program-level logs. We have applied MAYDAY to ArduPilot, a popular open-source RAV control program that runs on a wide range of commodity RAVs. Our investigation of 10 RAV accidents caused by real ArduPilot bugs demonstrates that MAYDAY is able to pinpoint the root causes of these accidents within the program with high accuracy and minimum runtime and storage overhead. We also found 4 recently patched bugs still vulnerable and alerted the ArduPilot team.
An Extended Study On Classifying Stack Overflow Posts on API Issues

The design and maintenance of APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) are complex tasks due to the constantly changing requirements of their users. Despite the efforts of their designers, APIs may suffer from a number of issues (such as incomplete or erroneous documentation, poor performance, and backward incompatibility). To maintain a healthy client base, API designers must learn these issues to fix them. Question answering sites, such as Stack Overflow (SO), have become a popular place for discussing API issues. These posts about API issues are invaluable to API designers, not only because they can help to learn more about the problem but also because they can facilitate learning the requirements of API users. However, the unstructured nature of posts and the abundance of non-issue posts make the task of detecting SO posts concerning API issues difficult and challenging. In this paper, we first develop a supervised learning approach using a Conditional Random Field (CRF), a statistical modeling method, to identify API issue-related sentences. We use the above information together with different features collected from posts, the experience of users, readability metrics and centrality measures of collaboration network to build a technique, called CAPS, that can classify SO posts concerning API issues. In total, we consider 34 features along eight different dimensions. Evaluation of CAPS using carefully curated SO posts on three popular API types reveals that the technique outperforms all three baseline approaches we consider in this study. We then conduct studies to find important features and also evaluate the performance of the CRF-based technique for classifying Md Ahasanuzzaman · Muhammad Asaduzzaman Software Analysis and Intelligence Lab (SAIL) Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada E-mail: : {md.ahasanuzzaman, muhammad.asaduzzaman}@queensu.ca Chanchal K. Roy · Kevin A. Schneider University of Saskatchewan, Canada E-mail: :{chanchal.roy, kevin.schneider}@usask.ca 2 Md Ahasanuzzaman et al. issue sentences. Comparison with two other baseline approaches shows that the technique has high potential. We also test the generalizability of CAPS results, evaluate the effectiveness of different classifiers, and identify the impact of different feature sets.
Software Transformation: Applications, Tools, Challenges, and Program Representation

We review the many applications, tools, and challenges for the automated analysis and transformation of software. This review covers both existing tools and techniques as well as emerging applications. We describe the general space of program representation, analysis, and transformation identifying particularly important special cases. We conclude with motivation for a program representation which may be used generally across diﬀerent program transformation tools. We discuss desirable properties of such a representation to support general program transformation.
Regulation of Urease Levels in Microcosm Dental Plaque

The regulation of plaque urease activity by urea, ammonia and arginine was examined using microcosm dental plaques cultured in a multi-plaque 'artificial mouth' from the mixed oral microbiota. The plaques were supplied periodically with sucrose and continuously (3.6 ml/h/plaque) with a mucin containing medium (BMM) supplemented either with urea at concentrations found in saliva, or with arginine, or ammonia. Urease levels in plaque range from 400 to 1500 nmol NH3/min/mg plaque protein. In the absence of urea supplementation, microcosm plaque urease levels were usually less than 100 nmol NH3/min/mg protein. They decreased after 2 to 3 wks growth and were not restored by subsequent urea application. BMM containing 1, 5 and 20 mmol/l urea throughout growth produced a proportional increase in urease levels initially, similar to those observed in plaques in vivo. Subsequently, urease levels decreased as the plaques aged. BMM supplemented with arginine (1 mmol/l) or ammonia (2 mmol/l) reduced urease levels. The.
A multi-transmitter multi-receiver model for molecular communication networks

We consider molecular communication networks consisting of transmitters and receivers distributed in a fluidic medium. In such networks, a transmitter sends one or signalling molecules, which are diffused over the medium, to the receiver to realise the communication. In order to be able to engineer synthetic molecular communication networks, a mathematical model for these networks is required. This paper proposes a new stochastic model of molecular communication networks called reaction-diffusion master equation with exogenous input (RDMEX). An advantage of RDMEX is that it can readily be used to model molecular communication networks with multiple transmitters and receivers. For the case where the reaction kinetics at the receivers is linear, we show how RDMEX can be used to determine the mean and covariance behaviour of molecular communication networks, and derive closed-form expressions for the mean behaviour of the RDMEX model. These closed-form expressions offer insight into how the transmitters and receivers interfere with each other. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the properties of the model.
Analysis of β-Catenin Aggregation and Localization Using GFP Fusion Proteins: Nuclear Import of α-Catenin by the β-Catenin/Tcf Complex

Abstract β-Catenin plays essential roles in cell adhesion, by associating with cadherins, and as a signaling molecule, by interacting with the Tcf/LEF-1 family of transcription factors. In order to study the protein–protein interactions of β-catenin in living cells, we fused it to green fluorescent protein (GFP). GFP-β-catenin was incorporated into cell junctions but also accumulated in the nucleus, where it formed rod-like structures. The carboxyl-terminal armadillo repeats of GFP-β-catenin were sufficient for nuclear localization, but formation of rods required the armadillo repeats and sequences in both the amino- and the carboxyl-terminal domains. Rod formation was prevented by coexpression of N-cadherin, APC, and Tcf-4, which bind to the armadillo repeats of β-catenin, but not by coexpression of α-catenin, although α-catenin expression did prevent accumulation of β-catenin in the nucleus. Interestingly, when α-catenin, β-catenin, and Tcf-4 were coexpressed they colocalized in the nucleus, and this correlated with a decrease in β-catenin/Tcf-dependent transcriptional activity. These results indicate that binding of β-catenin to Tcf-4 overrides the function of α-catenin to sequester β-catenin in the cytoplasm and suggest that α-catenin can regulate β-catenin signaling in the nucleus.
Smart logic system for interlocks and Protections of Boilers in a Thermal Power Plant

Main objective of the paper is to demonstrate all the protections and interlocks available for Boiler management, and show how boiler is protected from abnormal conditions using intelligent logics in a Thermal Power Plant. The existing interlocks are working with general logic system. Unnecessary tripping of Boiler leads to loss of Generation, long maintenance and high cost. To minimize this “smart logic system” system is introduced to activate control and protection only after analyzing necessary conditions according to situation. Rule based smart logic system is developed for boiler management system to improve the stability of the boiler. Simulation tests were carried out and analyzed for “long life time” of the boiler and the superiority of the present work was highlighted.
Edinburgh Research Explorer An Optimization-based Motion Planner for Safe Autonomous Driving

—Guaranteeing safety in motion planning is a crucial bottleneck on the path towards wider adoption of autonomous driving technology. A promising direction is to pose safety requirements as planning constraints in nonlinear optimization problems of motion synthesis. However, many implementations of this approach are hindered by uncertain convergence and local optimality of the solutions, affecting the planner’s overall robustness. In this paper, we propose a novel two-stage optimization framework: we ﬁrst ﬁnd the solution to a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) approximation of the motion synthesis problem, which in turn initializes a second Nonlinear Programming (NLP) formulation. We show that initializing the NLP stage with the MILP solution leads to better convergence, lower costs, and outperforms a state-of-the-art Nonlinear Model Predictive Control baseline in both progress and comfort metrics.
Development of face safety monitoring system (FSMS) using x-MR control chart

The inability of current displacement-monitoring systems to analyze the behavior of the rock mass at a tunnel face during excavation represents a safety hazard. This study tests a face safety monitoring system (FSMS) to help improve safety. It can identify abnormal displacement and trigger an alarm by calculating in real time relevant safe control limits. It does this by applying mathematical and statistical algorithms and control charts. The applicability of the system was verified in a tunnel where a small collapse occurred. The measured displacement exceeded the control limit approximately 20 s before the collapse. If the displacement of tunnel faces is measured in real time using this system, workers can evacuate immediately upon an alarm being triggered in response to abnormal behavior of the rock mass.
Boosted decision tree performance studies in the tt̄→ τ + μ analysis at ATLAS

The cross section for top quark pair production with τ+μ final states in proton-proton collisions at √ s=7 TeV is measured at the ATLAS detector. We use a multivariate technique called a boosted decision tree to separate signal from background and extract the cross section by fitting signal and background templates to the output of this boosted decision tree. We study the performance of the boosted decision tree output distribution under various conditions to verify whether the shape of the signal or background distributions changes significantly.
Design, Analysis and Testing of Monopole Antenna Deployment Mechanism for BIRDS-2 CubeSat Applications

This paper presents an approach to design a feasible and reliable monopole antennae deployment mechanism for CubeSat applications. Nano-satellite has faced problems in designing antennae deployment system due to space and deployment mechanism constraints. In BIRDS-2 CubeSat, the nichrome wire burning release mechanism was used when activated, it will be heated up and thermally cut through fishing line, allowing the two monopole antennas to be deployed on +Y board and at +Z axis direction of the satellite. These antennae involved amateur radio frequencies in UHF and VHF bands due to its low cost and high accessibility by the end users. The UHF frequency band was used for command uplink, mission, telemetry, and CW beacon downlink whilst the VHF frequency band was used specifically for APRS-DP/S&F-RDC mission for both uplink and downlink. In order to achieve the effectiveness of the BIRDS-2 CubeSat communication system agreed with the link budget estimation, the dimensions of antennae on the CubeSat structure depend on the required gain and operating frequency. The paper discusses detailed results of mechanical and electrical interfaces of the two monopole antennas deployment mechanism with the satellite body and the nichrome wire burning release mechanism analysis. The tests results of the mechanism were analyzed particularly on the deployment time and the nichrome wire temperature differences.