Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A GRAVITY MODEL APPROACH TO ESTIMATING PROSPECTIVE TRADE GAINS IN THE EU ACCESSION AND ASSOCIATED COUNTRIES MARIE STACK and ERIC PENTECOST

Examining the trade prospects for the new European Union (EU) member states and the EU associated partner countries is an important iss ue in the context of European eastward enlargement and greater economic integration with i ts immediate neighbours. An out-ofsample approach to projecting trade volumes for twe n y countries of interest is adopted using a gravity equation for a panel data set of bi lateral export flows from twelve EU countries to twenty OECD trading partners over the 1992-2003 period. The potential trade volumes are calculated from a gravity model o f new trade theory (NTT) determinants. The selected twenty countries’ prospe ct for further trade integration vis-àvis the EU can be gauged by expressing the trade vo lume projections as a ratio of actual trade volumes for each pair of countries. The proje cted trade ratios for the ten new member states are found to be multiples of actual 2 003 levels, indicating that trade expansion looks set to continue. Near unity values, however, are more frequent among the Mediterranean countries, indicating fewer oppor tunities for further trade integration with the EU. JEL Classification: F14, F15, C23
Legal Statutes Retrieval: A Comparative Approach on Performance of Title and Statutes Descriptive Text

Legal Statutes play a crucial role in the Justice system. For countries that adopt the common law system they are often cited in court decisions to argue cases of interest. AILA 2019 track presented two tasks; precedents retrieval task and statutes retrieval task. Our team participated in the latter. The statutes provided consisted of two components namely; Title and Statute description. In this study we first conduct the experiment to determine the best term weighting model for this task. After determining the best term weighting model, the second set of experiments which aimed to determine the extent to which these components (title and description of statutes) contribute to retrieval effectiveness. To find out how retrieval effectiveness is affected by different components three experiments were conducted; the first involved indexing title and description of each statute as a document, retrieval using IFB2 is performed generating the first run (Baseline), the second experiment involved indexing only title disregarding description of the statutes, this generate the second run. For the final experiment, only description of statutes are indexed disregarding title, again indexing, retrieval performed to generate the third run. The three runs were then sent to organisers for evaluation. The evaluation results shows our team came second, furthermore results suggest that indexing with title only and disregarding description of statutes is sufficient enough for retrieval of statutes.
Highly Automated Driving

The arrival of highly automated vehicles introduces a new interaction between the vehicle and driver. System limitations during highly automated driving require the driver to be ready to take back control at request. Previous studies on the take-over process concluded that the driver requires a transition period to stabilize vehicle control after resuming manual control. These studies used traded control to instantaneously transfer control back to the driver, causing an abrupt switch in control authority. Therefore, this study explores Haptic Shared Control as a different transition approach. By varying the level of haptic authority, a smooth connection between automation system and driver can be realized. The aim of this study is to investigate if Haptic Shared Control improves the take-over performance compared to the traded control approach. A total of 30 participants drove two trials in a driving simulator, one for each transition approach. Each trial consisted of 10 takeover scenarios divided into two levels of time-criticality. During autonomous driving the participants were engaged in a secondary task. The take-over performance was assessed based on safety performance, lateral vehicle control, controller performance and subjective measures. Results showed a significant decrease in the standard deviation of the lateral position evaluated over the mean trajectory per participant for the Haptic Shared Control approach compared to traded control. Haptic Shared Control also showed a significant decrease for the mean lateral obstacle clearance. The analyses on torque conflicts revealed a significant increase for critical take-over maneuver compared to non-critical take-over maneuvers. This suggests that haptic shared control can assist the driver in stabilizing lateral vehicle control after resuming manual control. On the other hand, the driver is limited in performing a sharp evasive maneuver, and this relationship is discussed. More research is needed on using an adaptable human compatible reference.
Methods to Identify Semantic Content Differences

In this study we explored two distinct methods to identify semantic content differences using differences in observed brain activity measured by fMRI. The first approach is by analysing functional connectivity and the second approach is based on spatio-temporal activation patterns. The results are not conclusive and more data needs to be gathered to make statements about the neural correlates of semantics in the human brain. However, our results suggest that subtle differences in semantic content can be detected with both functional connectivity methods and by analysing spatio-temporal activation patterns.
Bevacizumab as first-line treatment of ovarian cancer: strengths and weaknesses of subgroup analyses

Bevacizumab is approved as first-line treatment of ovarian cancer, given concurrently with carboplatin-paclitaxel and continued as maintenance. Approval was based on the results of the GOG218 randomized trial, that enrolled only patients with incompletely resected stage III or stage IV disease [1]. Bevacizumab has been approved by the Euro-pean Medicines Agency (EMA) without any restriction in terms of baseline patient characteristics, with the exception of disease stage, because approved was granted only for FIGO IIIb to IV patients. In contrast to GOG218, the ICON7 trial investigated the efficacy of adding bevacizumab to standard chemotherapy in a population that included both patients with high-risk early stage disease and those with more advanced disease. As a result, ICON7 included a subgroup of patients with an absence of residual disease after surgery. The primary endpoint of the ICON7 trial, as in GOG218, was progression-free survival (PFS), and the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis demonstrated a significant PFS prolongation in favor of bevacizumab. Overall clinical study The interpretation of subgroup analyses from a random-Abstract Bevacizumab is approved as first-line treatment for ovarian cancer, in combination with carboplatin-paclitaxel, in patients with FIGO IIIb or IV disease, and as maintenance therapy. The results of subgroup analyses of data from the ICON7 study have resulted in bevacizumab use being restricted to “high-risk” patients in several countries. While a goal of obtaining as much information as possible from clinical trial data is understandable, there are also a number of limitations associated with subgroup analyses. Interpretation can be limited by the multiplicity of statistical tests (increasing the risk of false positive findings) and by low statistical power (increasing the chance of false negative results). In addition, the credibility of subgroup analyses is improved if they are restricted to the primary study outcome and limited to a small number of predefined patient subgroups. Overall, subgroup findings should be considered exploratory and hypothesis-generating. The subgroup analysis in ICON7 had a number of limitations, including post hoc definition of “high-“ and “low-risk” groups, and questionable applicability of these definitions to clinical practice. Use of residual disease as a determinant of risk status is also problematic. Excessive emphasis on the role of subgroup analyses may lead to misunderstanding of the true results generated by the overall trial data, and support the incorrect selection of patients to be treated with the new or experimental therapy. Caution should be used in translating results of subgroup analysis to clinical practice guidelines.
Selective Electrochemical Reduction of Nitrogen to Ammonia by Adjusting the Three-Phase Interface

The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) provides a sustainable and alternative avenue to the Haber-Bosch process for ammonia (NH3) synthesis. Despite the great efforts made on catalysts and electrolytes, unfortunately, current NRR suffers from low selectivity due to the overwhelming competition with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Here, we present an adjusted three-phase interface to enhance nitrogen (N2) coverage on a catalyst surface and achieve a record-high Faradic efficiency (FE) up to 97% in aqueous solution. The almost entirely suppressed HER process combined with the enhanced NRR activity, benefiting from the efficient three-interface contact line, is responsible for the excellent selectivity toward NH3, as evidenced by the theoretical and experimental results. Our strategy also demonstrates the applicability to other catalysts that feature strong H adsorption ability, to boost the FE for NH3 synthesis above 90% and to improve the NRR activity by engineering the catalysts.
Correlates of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Female Students at Al-Jouf University, Saudi Arabia

Background: There is evidence that university students are at higher risk of psychological problems that may affect their emotional, psychosocial and physical health. Objectives: This study has been conducted to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among female students at Al-Jouf University, Saudi Arabia and to identify their associated factors. Methods: The present study was descriptive cross sectional conducted among female students enrolled at Al-Jouf University. Two self-administered questionnaires have been used, the first is a structured one for identifying sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors of psychological illness among students, and the second is the Arabic version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS21). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 16. Results: The mean age of the studied students was 21.23 ± 1.50. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among students was 75.3%, 84.7% and 41.8% respectively. Symptoms of moderate severity were predominant among students considered as having depression while, symptoms of extreme severity were predominant among students considered as having anxiety. Most of the students suffered from double and triple psychological illnesses. Sociodemographic, behavioral and medical factors have been significantly associated with the studied psychological illnesses such as number of sleeping hours per day, feeling loneliness, frequent drinking of coffee and presence of chronic physical and psychological illnesses. Conclusion: There is a need for intervention programs and appropriate support services targeting the university students.
Modeling and Optimization of Process Parameters of Bagasse-based Co-generation Power Plant to improve its Performance at Akluj Sugar Factory

In this research to optimize the various operating parameters for improving the overall plant efficiency (Ƞ plant) and reducing the overall plant hate rate (qplant) of the bagasse-based cogeneration power plant by using Taguchi method. The operating parameters considered are the pressure of steam at boiler outlet (Pg) and the percentage of moisture in bagasse (w). As these variables have a major impact on the overall performance characteristics of the bagasse-based co-generation power plant, the test is conducted to study their influence and interactions on the overall performance characteristics. The experiments run as per Taguchi L9 orthogonal array and the results of overall performance for each run have been optimized in Taguchi method using MINITAB 18 computer software. To obtain the optimum process parameters optimization are performed by the Signal to Noise (S/N) ratio analysis of the Taguchi method using L9 Orthogonal Array. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to provide the impact of process parameters. The results obtained by the Taguchi method and ANOVA method, those results are compared and they match closely with each other. The regression equation is formulated for calculating the predicted values of overall plant efficiency and overall plant heat rate. The results show that the selected parameters in this research have a vital impact on the selected responses and the validation results show vital improvement in the overall performance of the bagasse-based cogeneration power plant.
An online formative assessment tool to prepare students for summative assessment in physiology

Background. The didactic approach to teaching physiology in our university has traditionally included the delivery of lectures to large groups, illustrating concepts and referencing recommended textbooks. Importantly, at undergraduate level, our assessments demand a level of application of physiological mechanisms to recognised pathophysiological conditions. Objective. To bridge the gap between lectured material and the application of physiological concepts to pathophysiological conditions, we developed a technological tool approach that augments traditional teaching. Methods. Our e-learning initiative, eQuip, is a custom-built e-learning platform specifically created to align question types included in the program to be similar to those used in current assessments. We describe our formative e-learning system and present preliminary results after the first year of introduction, reporting on the performances and perceptions of 2nd-year physiology students. Results. Students who made use of eQuip for at least three of the teaching blocks achieved significantly better results than those who did not use the program (p=0.0032). Questionnaire feedback was positive with regard to the administration processes and usefulness of eQuip. Students reported particularly liking the ease of access to information; however, <60% of them felt that eQuip motivated them to learn. Conclusion. These results are consistent with the literature, which shows that students who made use of an online formative assessment tool performed better in summative assessment tasks. Despite the improved performance of students, the questionnaire results showed that student motives for using online learning tools indicated that they lack self-directed learning skills and seek easy access to information.
Classification of Human Actions Using Task fMRI Images (short paper)

In the past few years, the topic of brain signal analysis has become very popular in neuroscience. There are several approaches to imaging the brain. Classification of human activities with task fMRI is an important part of finding effective connectivity in human brain. This article is devoted to developing of an approach to constructing a classifier for human actions. Detailed definition of the basic notions used in analyzing fMRI images is provided. A review of datasets and methods for classifying fMRI images is presented with recommendations. Also, brief description of major international projects involved in brain analysis is provided. In conclusion, workflow and way forward to implementations is examined with description of proposed libraries to use for analysis, filtering, pre-processing, reading and writing fMRI and fitting classification models with it.
A Remark on Applications of Advanced Cryptosystems in Financial Sector

1 日本銀行金融研究所 Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies, Bank of Japan 2 情報通信研究機構サイバーセキュリティ研究所 Cybersecurity Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology 3 横浜国立大学大学院環境情報研究院 Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University † 本稿は,[5] の内容に基づくものである. また,本稿に示されて いる意見は,著者たち個人に属し,日本銀行,情報通信研究機構 あるいは横浜国立大学の公式見解を示すものではない. する業者(以下,クラウドサービス事業者と呼ぶ)やTPPs によっても取り扱われるようになる. そのため,これらの エンティティによるデータへのアクセス等を適切に制御す ることが必要である. 例えば,データを暗号化したまま効 率的にクラウド・サービス等で取り扱うことができれば, 安全性の観点から望ましい. 近年,このようなニーズに対応する技術として高機能暗 号が注目されており,研究開発が活発化している. 高機能 暗号を利用することにより,基本的な暗号機能(データの 暗号化と復号)に加えて,暗号化したままデータを処理す る機能や,エンティティの属性に応じて暗号化したデータ へのアクセス権限を制御する機能等を実現できる. 今後, この高機能暗号に基づくクラウド・サービスや新たな金融 サービスが提供されれば,金融機関はデータの安全性を確 保しつつ,業務のアウトソーシングや TPPsへのデータ提 供を一段と進めることができると期待される. 高機能暗号には,公開鍵暗号型と共通鍵暗号型の 2つの タイプが存在する. その中でも,公開鍵暗号型は,構成要 素として用いられているペアリングや格子の特性を活用す ることにより,これまでにさまざまな機能を実現する方式 (検索可能暗号,属性ベース暗号,準同型暗号等)が提案さ れている .
POSSIBILITIES OF POINT DATA VISUALIZATION FOR BIG SPATIAL DATA

Using modern digital technologies concerning many sensors brought us a great opportunity to mine useful outputs from Big Data collections. A couple of years, we are talking about the dawn or the rise of Big Spatial Data. Respecting the importance of such a technological shift from desktop analysis to cloud or online analysis, some difficulties within this issue have appeared. Firstly, these huge data sets are mostly collected and processed by private organizations or research facilities in developed countries and it is not easy to get the data (business secret, institutional restrictions, cost, etc.). Secondly, the data processing requires a development of specific environment followed by building upgraded hardware and software equipment enabling faster computation. On the other hand, for given purposes it is possible to use current solutions connected with available free web-based services and free accessed data sets. The paper covers the Big Spatial Data issue from a user ́s point of view concerning data availability, setting a working environment based on Esri ́s technologies and The ApacheTM Hadoop® project and possible ways of spatial point pattern visualization. It is understood that the desktop processing is insufficient and a variety of point data aggregation must be applied (Aggregation by polygons, Aggregation by cells). With respect to available GIS tools for Hadoop, it is possible not only to aggregate data but also apply a cluster analysis (e.g. Hot Spot Analysis) in order to get smoothed surface of “heat map” appearance.
On the impact of multiply charged heavy solar wind ions on the surface of Mercury, the Moon and Ceres

We have studied the impact of multiply charged solar wind O and Fe ions on the surfaces of Mercury, the Moon and on a Ceres-size asteroid using a quasi-neutral hybrid model. The simulations showed that heavy O and Fe ions impact on the surface of Mercury non-homogenously, the highest flux being near the magnetic cusps—much as in the case of impacting solar wind protons. However, in contrast to protons, the analyzed heavy ions do not create high ion impact flux regions near the open–closed magnetic field line boundary. Dawn–dusk asymmetry and the total ion impact flux were each found to increase with respect to the increasing mass per charge ratio for ions, suggesting that the Hermean magnetic field acts as a mass spectrometer for solar wind ions. The Moon, in contrast, does not have a global intrinsic magnetic field and, therefore, solar wind ions can freely impact on its surface when this body is in the solar wind. The same is true for a, non-magnetized, Ceres-size asteroid. The impact of multiply charged ions on a solid surface results in a large variety of physical processes, of often intimately inter-related atomic reactions, e.g. electron exchange between solid and approaching projectile, inelastic scattering of projectile, electronic excitation in the projectile and/or the solid, ejection of electrons, photons, neutral and iodized surface particles, and eventual slowing down and stopping of the projectile in the solid. The electron transfer process between impacting heavy ions and surface constituents can result in soft X-ray (Eo1 keV) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photon emissions. These processes will eventually damage the target surface. Analysis of the hybrid Mercury model (HYB-Mercury) suggests that, at this planet the damaging processes result in non-homogenous ageing of the surface that is controlled by the intrinsic magnetic field of the planet and by the direction of the interplanetary magnetic field. In the corresponding Lunar model (HYB-Moon) and in the non-magnetized asteroid model (HYB-Ceres), surface ageing is demonstrated to take place on that side of the body that faces toward the flow of the solar wind. r 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Chapter B Precision calculations in the Standard Model 1

1.1 α(M2 Z) in precision physics (precision physics limitations) Uncertainties of hadronic contributions to the effective fine structure constant α ≡ αQED are a problem for electroweak (EW) precision physics. Presently, we have α,Gμ,MZ as the most precise input parameters, which together with the top Yukawa yt and the Higgs self-coupling λ and the strong interaction coupling αs allow us to make precision predictions for the particle reaction cross sections encompassed by the Standard Model (SM). The cross-section data unfolded form detector and photon radiation resolution effects often are conveniently representable in terms of so-called pseudo-observables like sin2 Θf , vf , af ,MW ,ΓZ ,ΓW , · · · as illustrated in Fig. B.1. Because of the large 6% relative correction between α in the classical limit and the effective value α(M2 Z) at the Z mass scale, where 50% of the shift is due to non-perturbative hadronic effects, one is loosing about a factor of five orders of magnitude in precision. Nevertheless, for vector-boson Z and W , top-quark and Higgs-boson precision physics possible at future e+e− colliders, the best effective input parameters are given by α(MZ), Gμ,MZ . The effective α(s) at a process scale √ s is given in terms of the photon vacuum polarization (VP) self-energy correction ∆α(s) by α(s) = α 1−∆α(s) ; ∆α(s) = ∆αlep(s) + ∆α (5) had(s) + ∆αtop(s) . (1.1)
Chapter 7 REDUCING THE TIME REQUIRED FOR HASHING OPERATIONS

Due to the increasingly massive amounts of data that need to be analyzed in digital forensic investigations, it is necessary to automatically recognize suspect files and filter out non-relevant files. To achieve this goal, digital forensic practitioners employ hashing algorithms to classify files into known-good, known-bad and unknown files. However, a typical personal computer may store hundreds of thousands of files and the task becomes extremely time-consuming. This paper attempts to address the problem using a framework that speeds up processing by using multiple threads. Unlike a typical multithreading approach, where the hashing algorithm is performed by multiple threads, the proposed framework incorporates a dedicated prefetcher thread that reads files from a device. Experimental results demonstrate a runtime efficiency of nearly 40% over single threading.
Time-Scale Modification Using Fuzzy Epoch-Synchronous Overlap-Add (FESOLA)

A modification to the Epoch-Synchronous Overlap-Add (ESOLA) Time-Scale Modification (TSM) algorithm is proposed in this paper. The proposed method, Fuzzy Epoch-Synchronous Overlap-Add, improves on the previous ESOLA method through the use of cross-correlation to align time-smeared epochs before overlap-adding. This reduces distortion and artefacts while the speaker’s fundamental frequency is stable, as well as reducing artefacts during pitch modulation. The proposed method is tested against well known TSM algorithms. It is preferred over ESOLA, and gives similar performance to other TSM algorithms for voice signals. It is also shown that this algorithm can work effectively with solo instrument signals containing strong fundamental frequencies. Full implementation of the proposed method and zero frequency resonator can be found at github.com/zygurt/TSM.