Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen Uptake by Malting Barley Grown under Conditions Found in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina

Abstract There is a lack of data associated with applications of nitrogen (N) fertilizer to increase yield while not increasing seed protein to levels exceeding those acceptable for malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in the Buenos Aires province of Argentina. The effect of rates and timing of N application on yield and grain N concentration of malting barley was evaluated at eight sites in 1999 and 2000. Aboveground dry matter accumulation and N‐uptake pattern through the growing season were evaluated. Dry matter production and N-uptake were measured at four sampling times: tillering, head emergence, grain filling, and maturity. The N fertilizer increased grain yield, but its response varied between sites. Under appropriate conditions, the yield increased and maintained the grain N concentration within a desirable range for malting barley. Split applications were as effective in increasing grain yield as one addition at emergence, but they invariably increased grain N concentration. The season affected the yield response to N fertilizer and its levels in the grain, but the nitrogen harvest index was not affected by the rate of N application.
Vertical Profile of Acid Volatile Sulfide (AVS) and Risk Assessment of Sediments from Baihua Lake, China

Acid volatile sulfide (AVS), simultaneously extracted metals (SEMs), and total concentrations of trace elements (Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni, Hg, As, and Cr) were studied in sediment cores from Baihua Lake in southwest China. The molar ratios of SEMs to AVS for all samples were lower than 1.0 except for the 25- to 30-cm layer of the sample collected at location YPZ, indicating that the heavy metals were currently not significantly bioavailable as a whole to benthic organisms. Based on the sediment quality guidelines and the potential ecological risk assessment, Hg presented a high ecological risk for the water body.
Energetics of winter crops under rice based cropping sequences in irrigated condition of eastern Uttar Pradesh

The field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (U. P.) in two consecutive years of 2016-17 and 2017-18 to study the energetic of winter crops under rice based cropping sequences in irrigated condition of eastern Uttar Pradesh. Results revealed that energy output, net energy and energy intensity was found significantly higher with wheat grown in rice-wheat-cowpea fodder sequence (S4) but it was remained comparable with wheat grown in rice-wheat-green gram sequence (S2) and rice-wheat sequence (S1) during first year, however during second year it was found at par only with rice-wheat-green gram sequence (S2). The lowest energy output, net energy and energy intensity recorded in cabbage grown in rice-cabbage-cowpea fodder sequence (S10) were mainly because of its having lowest energy equivalent in economic produce. Energy output: input ratio was significantly highest in mustard grown in rice-mustard-sudan grass fodder sequence (S8) but it was found at par with mustard grown in rice-mustard-cowpea fodder sequence (S9) during first year and vice-versa during second year. The energy productivity was highest in rice-cabbage-cowpea fodder sequence (S10), proved distinct superiority over rest of the winter crop grown in different sequences. Nevertheless, highest specific energy was noted in berseem in rice-berseem-maize fodder sequence (S6) remained at par with berseem grown in rice-berseem-cowpea fodder sequence (S7) during both the years of investigation.
Galaxy Light profile neural Networks (GaLNets). II. Bulge-Disc decomposition in optical space-based observations

Bulge-disk (B-D) decomposition is an effective diagnostic to characterize the galaxy morphology and understand its evolution across time. So far, high-quality data have allowed detailed B-D decomposition to redshift below 0.5, with limited excursions over small volumes at higher redshifts. Next-generation large sky space surveys in optical, e.g. from the China Space Station Telescope (CSST), and near-infrared, e.g. from the space EUCLID mission, will produce a gigantic leap in these studies as they will provide deep, high-quality photometric images over more than 15000 deg2 of the sky, including billions of galaxies. Here, we extend the use of the Galaxy Light profile neural Network (GaLNet) to predict 2-S\'ersic model parameters, specifically from CSST data. We simulate point-spread function (PSF) convolved galaxies, with realistic B-D parameter distributions, on CSST mock observations to train the new GaLNet and predict the structural parameters (e.g. magnitude, effective radius, Sersic index, axis ratio, etc.) of both bulge and disk components. We find that the GaLNet can achieve very good accuracy for most of the B-D parameters down to an $r$-band magnitude of 23.5 and redshift $\sim$1. The best accuracy is obtained for magnitudes, implying accurate bulge-to-total (B/T) estimates. To further forecast the CSST performances, we also discuss the results of the 1-S\'ersic GaLNet and show that CSST half-depth data will allow us to derive accurate 1-component models up to $r\sim$24 and redshift z$\sim$1.7.
Determination of Lead(II) by a Nitrocellulose Membrane Fluorescent Biosensor Based on G-Quadruplex Conformational Changes

A simple, label-free fluorescence method was developed for the sensitive determination of lead(II) using a nitrocellulose membrane biosensor. The surface of the nitrocellulose membrane was modified by glutaraldehyde to conjugate streptavidin, followed by the immobilization of a DNA probe via a biotin modifier. The biotinylated DNA probe can fold into a G-quadruplex structure in the presence of potassium ion that selectively binds to N-methyl mesoporphyrin IX and yields a strong fluorescence signal. The presence of lead(II) can induce a conformational change of the G-quadruplex to a more compact structure, which results in the release of potassium ion and N-methyl mesoporphyrin IX with a concomitant reduction of the fluorescence signal. The biosensor displayed a detection limit as low as 10 nM with excellent selectivity for lead(II) over other metal ions. The developed biosensor was employed for the determination of lead(II) in spiked river water.
A new interpretation of the sticky hard sphere model

The basic results of the sticky hard sphere model are derived using a perturbative solution of the factorized form of the Ornstein–Zernike equation and the Percus–Yevick closure relation. The perturbation parameter is Δ/(σ+Δ), where Δ and σ are, respectively, the width of the attractive square well pair potential and the hard core diameter. This derivation leads naturally to an expression for the stickiness parameter, different from the one conventionally used, without invoking the concept of an infinitely deep potential. The theoretical structure factor is compared with two sets of Monte Carlo simulation data and excellent agreement is observed in both cases without the scaling of the square well potential suggested in literature.
Electronic and magnetic properties of MnSnAs2

We have synthesized MnSnAs2 single crystals using the vertical temperature gradient solidification method. The crystal structure of MnSnAs2 is chalcopyrites, which are “genealogically” related to the more familiar tetrahedrally‐coordinated zinc‐blende materials, with lattice constants of a = 5.794 Å, c = 11.365 Å. Using the experimentally determined lattice constants and crystal structure, we carried out first principles electronic structure calculations, using the full‐potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) method in the local density approximation (LDA). The lowest total energies were observed for the AFM state, indicating that AFM ordering in the system is energetically favored at 0 K. We find that MnSnAs2 is metallic in the electronic calculation. Interestingly, MnSnAs2 exhibited ferromagnetism with TC = 328 K. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Monodispersed tantalum disulfide and adsorption complexes with cations

Cathodic electrolysis of 2H⋅⋅⋅TaS2 in a dilute sulfuric acid electrolyte results in intercalation of hydrogen and water. The water content increases as the ionic strength of the electrolyte is decreased. Addition of neutral surfactants (1%−10% Triton X−705 or glycerol) followed by high−speed stirring gave TaS2 layers monodispersed in the aqueous surfactant. Electronic absorption spectra of the dispersions agree well with spectra of cleaved solids. Dyes were used to study adsorption on the layers. Only cationic dyes were adsorbed and the adsorption was determined to be due to an ion exchange reaction with protons. Solid adsorption complexes were prepared by ultracentrifugation of the dispersion or by adding dyes to undispersed, water swollen TaS2. The solid adsorption complexes gave no x−ray powder patterns, and were deficient in sulfur. Ac susceptibility measurements did not indicate bulk superconductivity in any of the complexes. Electron transfer from the TaS2 layers to reducible dyes was observed, the .
Performance of packed columns. I. Total, static, and operating holdups

Total and static holdups have been measured for 1/2-, and 1-in. ceramic Berl saddles, 1/2-, 1-, and 1 1/2-in. ceramic Raschig rings, and 1-in. carbon Raschig rings with air rates from 100 to 1,000 1b. /(hr.) (sq. ft.) and water rates from 1,000 to 10,000 1b. / (hr.) (sq. ft.). The holdup measurements and motion picture observations of the flow of dye solutions through packings provide an explanation for the great differences observed when gas-phase mass transfer rates are measured by absorption and vaporization methods. If the effective interfacial area for vaporization is assumed to be proportional to total holdup and the area for absorption is assumed proportional to operating holdup, the raio of the two mass transfer rates should be equal to the ratio of the two holdups. The departure from equality of the two ratios can be explained by the observation that the static holdup is displaced slowly, resulting in additional effective area for absorption over that expected from the operating holdup alone.
Kinetic fractionation of the carbon isotopes 13C and 12C during transfer of CO2 from air to seawater

Laboratory experiments have been performed to determine the kinetic fractionation between 13 CO 2 and 12 C0 2 as CO 2 invades seawater. Knowledge of this fractionation. which is regulated by physical and chemical processes in the ocean boundary layer. is important for ocean-atmosphere models which use 13 CO 2 as a tracer. Until now, only theoretical calculations have been performed to determine this fractionation. The experimental results give a fractionation of -2.4 ± 2.0‰ while the calculated value for invasion is -2.1 ± 0.3‰ (i.e. 13 CO 2 invading slower). The results show that the fractionation of CO 2 during invasion into a hydroxide solution (- 14‰) is clearly too high as a value for invasion into seawater and should no longer be used as an upper limit in CO 2 models. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.1985. tb00061.x
Determination of rare earth elements in mineral waters by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

A procedure for selective preconcentration of all rare earth elements (REE) in mineral waters on a Dowex cation exchanger has been developed. The precision and accuracy of the procedure were checked on a synthetic standard solution, as well as on real samples using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The efficiency of the preconcentration procedure was checked by recovery tests and the reliability of the ICP-AES determination of REE established by comparing the results obtained with those from spectrophotometric analysis.
Ozone treatment of textile effluents and dyes: effect of applied ozone dose, pH and dye concentration

The ozonation of wastewater supplied from a treatment plant (Samples A and B) and dye-bath effluent (Sample C) from a dyeing and finishing mill and acid dye solutions in a semi-batch reactor has been examined to explore the impact of ozone dose, pH, and initial dye concentration. Results revealed that the apparent rate constants were raised with increases in applied ozone dose and pH, and decreases in initial dye concentration. While the color removal efficiencies of both wastewater Samples A and C for 15 min ozonation at high ozone dosage were 95 and 97%, respectively, these were 81 and 87%, respectively at low ozone dosage. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal efficiencies at several ozone dose applications for a 15 min ozonation time were in the ranges of 15–46% and 10–20%, respectively for Sample A and 15–33% and 9–19% respectively for Sample C. Ozone consumption per unit color, COD and DOC removal at any time was found to be almost the same while the applied ozone dose was different. Ozonation could improve the BOD5 (biological oxygen demand) COD ratio of Sample A by 1.6 times with 300 mg dm−3 ozone consumption. Ozonation of acid dyes was a pseudo-first order reaction with respect to dye. Increases in dye concentration increased specific ozone consumption. Specific ozone consumption for Acid Red 183 (AR-183) dye solution with a concentration of 50 mg dm−3 rose from 0.32 to 0.72 mg-O3 per mg dye decomposed as the dye concentration was increased to 500 mg dm−3. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Technological Development of Antibody Immobilization for Optical Immunoassays: Progress and Prospects

The high sensitivity of optical detection techniques and the highly specific reactions between antibodies and antigens mean that optical immunoassays have attracted much interest in the fields of protein, hormone, drug, and microorganism detection, without the need for complex separation and extraction steps. The immobilization of an antibody on a solid support is a crucial step for optical immunoassays. This review surveys the latest advances in current antibody immobilization techniques in detail, including physical adsorption, covalent attachment, bioaffinity immobilization, and some recently developed methods. Furthermore, specific consideration is given to oriented immobilization, which may improve the homogeneous surface covering the accessibility of the active site and surface coverage, and the analytical performance of immunoassays. Finally, new perspectives for antibody immobilization techniques in optical immunoassays are outlined.
Electrospinning of waterborne polyurethanes

Polyurethane (PU) fibers were obtained by electrospinning of waterborne PU dispersions. As dispersion cannot be electrospun, a water-soluble polymer (poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO)) was dissolved in the PU dispersion and fibers were obtained from electrospinning the resulting mixture. Pure PU fibers were obtained after removing PEO with water extraction. Continuous PU fibers were obtained using a PU/PEO weight ratio higher than 2.5. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Ultrasound technology and molecular sieves improve the thermodynamically controlled esterification of butyric acid mediated by immobilized lipase from Rhizomucor miehei

In this research, the effects of ultrasound stirring and the addition of molecular sieves on esterification reactions between butyric acid and several alcohols catalyzed by immobilized lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (Lipozyme RM-IM) were studied. Among the tested alcohols, 1-propanol and isobutanol allowed the highest activities, whereas Lipozyme RM-IM showed poor activities for esterification using secondary and tertiary alcohols. Different solvents were also tested and n-hexane was selected because of its reaction effects, besides being cheaper, available at low boiling point, and ease of recovery. Using the preselected alcohol and solvent, other reaction parameters (butyric acid concentration, temperature, substrate molar rate, and biocatalyst content) were studied to optimize the reaction conditions. Optimal conditions were acid concentration, 0.7 M; substrate molar ratio, 1 : 1 alcohol–acid; temperature 45 °C; biocatalyst content, 14% (by substrate mass). Under these conditions, it was possible to obtain a yield of 86% of butyl butyrate in 2.5 h. When molecular sieves (90 mg mmol−1 butytic acid) were added to the reaction, the observed yield increased to 96%. The biocatalyst was used in 5 successive reaction cycles keeping 100% of its initial activity. The overall process productivity was improved 2-fold when compared to the traditional mechanical agitation, showing that ultrasound is a promising technology for application in biocatalysis.
Classification of cultivation area of ginseng radix with NIR and Raman spectroscopy

A rapid and non-destructive method for the classification of ginseng radix according to cultivation area (Korea and China) was evaluated using near infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy. Ginseng samples were collected from widely different growing areas of Korea and China to give more geographical variations. Although there were no obvious differences in the raw NIR spectra based on cultivation area, the spectral features were enhanced and differentiated by utilizing a second-derivative algorithm. Using principal component analysis the cultivation area was clearly differentiated in the principal component space. To develop a classification rule, partial least squares discriminant analysis was carried out. The origin of ginseng was successfully classified and predicted using NIR reflectance spectroscopy combined with discriminant analysis. Additionally, FT-Raman spectroscopy, which provides more qualitative information and easy sample measurement, was also investigated for the same purpose. The results showed that the classification performance using NIR reflectance spectroscopy was superior to that using Raman spectroscopy.
Fabrication and Use of Electroless Plated Polymer Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Substrates for Viral Gene Detection

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates are prepared by electroless Ag metallization and vapor phase Au deposition on nanostructured poly(chloro-p-xylylene) (nanoPPX) templates. These substrates exhibit quasi-periodic nanomorphology inherited from the underlying nanoPPX template, resulting in highly reproducible SERS signal (<10% spot-to-spot and substrate-to-substrate signal variation for Au/nanoPPX comprising contributions from substrate imperfections). These substrates are therefore chosen for developing respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) gene detection that requires high sensitivity, stability, and reproducibility of the Raman signal. Metallized nanoPPX films show enhancement factors of ∼104 to 106 that strongly depend on the metallization route and can be optimized by controlling the metallization parameters. RSV gene detection is achieved by using a molecular probe (MP) consisting of a fluorescent moiety and a thiol linker for attachment to the SERS substrate. To detect multiple targets.
Optical properties of Al‐doped ZnO thin films deposited by two different sputtering methods

Aluminum‐doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films were deposited on sapphire (002) and glass substrates by two different sputtering techniques radio frequency magnetron cosputtering of AZO and ZnO targets and sputtering of an AZO target. The dependence of the photoluminescence (PL) and transmittance properties of the AZO films deposited by cosputtering and sputtering on the AZO/ZnO target power ratio, R and the O2/Ar flow ratio, r were investigated, respectively. Only a deep level emission peak appears in the PL spectra of cosputtered AZO films whereas both UV emission and deep level emission peaks are observed in the PL spectra of sputtered AZO films. The absorption edges in the transmittance spectra of the AZO films shift to the lower wavelength region as R and r increase. Also effects of crystallinity, surface roughness, PL on the transmittance of the AZO films were explained using the X‐ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and PL analysis results. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A versatile CARS microscope for biological imaging

We have constructed a novel, versatile Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscope for biological imaging. The system employs a Nd:YVO4 laser as Stokes (6 ps, 1064 nm), and a tunable optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) (5 ps, 700–1000 nm) as pump excitation, resulting in an observable range of ∼600–4000 cm−1. A second OPO can be used as a replacement pump for low wavenumber excitation (down to ∼100 cm−1). Pump and Stokes excitations are focused onto a single-mode fibre for ease of alignment, which is connected to the input of a confocal inverted optical microscope. The epi-detected CARS signal is filtered using a spectrometer, and the photons counted with an avalanche photodiode. This detection is preferable to using bandpass filters and photomultipliers, as it allows all wavenumbers to be imaged and ensures rejection of unwanted fluorescent and scattered light. Our microscope comprises a heater stage and perfusion cell for imaging live cells, and allows complementary biological imaging techniques (differential interference contrast (DIC), second harmonic generation, sum frequency generation, one- and two-photon fluorescence, fluorescence lifetime imaging). In addition, our system features an atomic force microscope (AFM) which enables CARS imaging at 10-nm resolution. The details and advantages of the modular imaging system are described more fully, and the latest results are presented. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subtle polymorphism of zinc imidazolate frameworks: temperature-dependent ground states in the energy landscape revealed by experiment and theory

We show by variable-temperature X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry experiments that zinc imidazolates with coi and zni framework topology, respectively represent the thermodynamically stable phase below and above a transition temperature of ≈360 °C at ambient pressure. The relative stability of the two polymorphs and the experimentally observed strong negative thermal expansion of the coi phase at high temperatures close to the phase transition were successfully modelled using density functional theory calculations. A novel metastable zinc imidazolate with neb framework topology was detected by in situ X-ray diffraction experiments as a transient crystalline phase during solvothermal crystallisation of the stable coi phase.