Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHALLENGES FACED BY ZIMBABWE’S SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS IN MANAGING SCHOOLS: A CASE OF GWERU DISTRICT

In Zimbabwe, problems with school administration have arisen as a result of Zimbabwe's constantly changing macro- and microenvironment. The COVID-19 pandemic emergency, which introduced additional demands including social isolation, exacerbated the preexisting issues. This study's primary objective is to examine the difficulties Zimbabwean school administrators experience in running their institutions, with a focus on the Gweru District Schools. The study's key conclusions were that administrators faced challenges primarily due to the weakening economy, absenteeism, a lack of enthusiasm, low pass rates, and insufficient financial resources. Violence, judicial constraints, and the updated COVID-19 compliance requirements were further issues. The administration should address the political and economic issues, according to the recommendation. To enhance education in the district, the administration was urged to procure more educational materials from foreign partners. The new infrastructure and resource demands resulting from compliance with COVID-19 necessitate collaboration among parties.
Evaluation of Enamel Acid Resistance and Whitening Effect of the CAP System

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a novel professional tooth-strengthening system and a conventional caries-prevention method that involved the use of high fluoride concentrations, to determine whether the system has a whitening effect. Bovine tooth-enamel samples were treated with fluoride gel (conventional APF method) or a mixture of citric acid gel, calcium phosphate (α-TCP), and fluoride gel, referred to as the CAP system; these treatments were performed to generate an acid-resistant layer on the enamel surface. For the evaluation of the acid resistance, a cyclic experiment, involving a 1-h remineralization and a 24-h acid treatment, was conducted thrice after the treatments. The height profiles were observed using a 3D-measuring laser microscope and the hardness was evaluated by Vickers hardness test. The morphological changes in the surface and cross-section of the enamel were observed by scanning electron microscopy. To evaluate the whitening effect, the enamel was ground until the color of the underlying dentin was recognizable; the CAP system was applied once, and the color change was measured using a color difference meter. As a result, it was confirmed that an acid-resistant layer was formed on the tooth surfaces treated with the CAP system, and a whitening effect was obtained.
Examination of Three Distinct Dosages of Dexmedetomidine for Counteraction of Postspinal Sedation Shivering in Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP) Medical Procedure

Background: The ideal portion of dexmedetomidine for shivering control with the most un-hemodynamic disturbances is still under research. Postanesthetic shivering (PAS) is an unsavory and possibly serious difficulty. Not very many investigations have been finished in regards to the ideal compelling portion of dexmedetomidine for the counteraction of postspinal anesthesia (SA) shivering. Accordingly, we expected to look at and assess three distinct portions of intravenous dexmedetomidine and to explore the ideal portion of dexmedetomidine that successfully forestalls shivering in patients going through transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Materials and Methods: In this randomized, twofold visually impaired, planned study, 135 patients of the American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II booked for elective TURP under SA were selected. Patients were haphazardly apportioned into one of the three gatherings getting dexmedetomidine: Group P: 0.5 μg/kg, Group Q: 0.75 μg/kg, and Group R: 1.0 μg/kg. The essential result of the review was intraoperative rate of shivering. The optional results, like hemodynamic boundaries. Results: Shivering score of various gatherings uncovered measurably huge lower occurrence and seriousness of shivering in Group Q and Group R when contrasted with Group P(P = 0.0395). Occurrences of sickne, bradycardia, and hypotension were more in Group R when contrasted with Group P and Group Q. Axillary temperature and sedation scores were equivalent among various gatherings (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine in the dose of 0.75 μg/kg furnishes sufficient antishivering impact with added advantage of sedation and less hemodynamic disturbance.
Beyond conventional biomass valorisation: pyrolysis-derived products for biomedical applications

Biomass valorisation is conventionally associated with the production of green biofuels. However, this could extend beyond the conventional perception of biomass application into other domains such as medical sciences. Acid condensate (AC) obtained from pyrolysis promises a good potential for biomedical applications, notably for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, concentrated AC extract (CACE) obtained from microwave-assisted pyrolysis of palm kernel shells was fractionated, and the resulting fractions were pooled according to similar thin layer chromatography profiles into combined fractions (CFACs). CFACs were evaluated for total phenolic content, antioxidant level, cytotoxicity, and wound healing activities toward human skin fibroblast cells (HSF 1184). CFAC-3 showed the highest total phenolic content (624.98 ± 8.70 µg GAE/mg of sample) and antioxidant activities (DPPH IC50 of 29.47 ± 0.74 µg/mL, ABTS of 1247.13 ± 27.89 μg TE/mg sample, FRAP of 24.26 ± 0.71 mmol Fe(II)/mg sample, HFRS of 257.74 ± 1.74 µg/mL) compared to CACE (DPPH IC50 of 81.76 ± 2.81 µg/mL, ABTS of 816.95 ± 30.49 μg TE/mg sample, FRAP of 9.22 ± 0.66 mmol Fe(II)/mg sample, HFRS of 689.30 ± 36.00 µg/mL), no cytotoxic properties at ≤50 µg/mL, and significantly faster wound closure (at 1.25 µg/mL) compared to the control 12 h after treatment. The phosphorylation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT) were upregulated, thus indicating that wound healing of CFAC-3 followed through this signalling pathway. To conclude, phenolic-rich CFAC-3 obtained from the pyrolysis of palm kernel shells demonstrated potential biomedical application as an alternative wound healing agent with high antioxidant and wound-healing activity. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first study to report on the wound healing activity of AC and its wound healing mechanism.
Influence of Bone Morphology on In Vivo Tibio-Femoral Kinematics in Healthy Knees during Gait Activities

An improved understanding of the relationships between bone morphology and in vivo tibio-femoral kinematics potentially enhances functional outcomes in patients with knee disorders. The aim of this study was to quantify the influence of femoral and tibial bony morphology on tibio-femoral kinematics throughout complete gait cycles in healthy subjects. Twenty-six volunteers underwent clinical examination, radiographic assessment, and dynamic video-fluoroscopy during level walking, downhill walking, and stair descent. Femoral computer-tomography (CT) measurements included medial condylar (MC) and lateral condylar (LC) width, MC and LC flexion circle, and lateral femoral condyle index (LFCI). Tibial CT measurements included both medial (MTP) and lateral tibial plateau (LTP) slopes, depths, lengths, and widths. The influence of bony morphology on tibial internal/external rotation and anteroposterior (AP)-translation of the lateral and medial compartments were analyzed in a multiple regression model. An increase in tibial internal/external rotation could be demonstrated with decreasing MC width β: −0.30 (95% CI: −0.58 to −0.03) (p = 0.03) during the loaded stance phase of level walking. An increased lateral AP-translation occurred with both a smaller LC flexion circle β: −0.16 (95% CI: −0.28 to −0.05) (p = 0.007) and a deeper MTP β: 0.90 (95% CI: 0.23 to 1.56) (p = 0.01) during the loaded stance phase of level walking. The identified relationship between in vivo tibio-femoral kinematics and bone morphology supports a customized approach and individual assessment of these factors in patients with knee disorders and potentially enhances functional outcomes in anterior cruciate ligament injuries and total knee arthroplasty.
Experimental Results on Interactive Competitive Guessing

A large number of players have to state simultaneously a number in the closed interval (0,100). The winner is the player whose stated number is closed to p-fold average of all chosen numbers, where p is a fixed and commonly known positive parameter. The game is repeated for several rounds. In the first round most of the stated numbers are far away from an equilibrium point. In the succeeding rounds, they approach an equilibrium or converge to it. We propose a simple theory of first round behavior that involves types of players who use finite steps of reasoning. As an explanation of behavior over time, a simple qualitative adaption process based on individual experience is suggested.
Advanced Knowledge of the Solution in Quantum Algorithms Addressing Structured Problems

In previous work, we showed that quantum correlation, between selection of the problem on the part of Bob and read out of the solution on the part of Alice, can explain the quantum speed up. All is like Alice’s read out contributed to selecting the problem, which becomes Alice knowing in advance 50% of the bits of the solution. This explanation, developed for unstructured data-base search, was coarsely extended to the quantum algorithms that address structured problems. Now, thanks to a more general representation of Alice’s advanced knowledge of the solution, we provide a detailed explanation of the mechanism of the speed up also for the latter algorithms. This should significantly increase the plausibility of our argument. 1 Foreword In Ref. [1], we showed that quantum correlation, between selection of the problem on the part of Bob (the problem setter) and read out of the solution on the part of Alice (the problem solver), can explain the mechanism of the quantum speed up. Because of it, all is like the final read out of the solution on the part of Alice contributed to selecting the problem. Back evolved to before running the algorithm, by the inverse of the time-forward unitary transformation, this contribution becomes Alice knowing in advance 50% of the bits of the solution. The quantum algorithm is the quantum superposition of all the possible ways of taking 50% of the bits of the solution and, given the advanced knowledge of these bits, classically computing the missing bits. According to this explanation, the quantum speed up comes from comparing two classical algorithms, with and without advanced knowledge of 50% of the solution. This would be a useful result, it would allow us to characterize the problems solvable with a quantum speed up in an entirely classical framework. The subject explanation benefits of the special problem-solution symmetry existing in Grover’s algorithm, which depends on the unstructured character of
On equuality testing protocols and their security

This thesis is written for the Swedish degree Licentiate ofScience, Teknisk Licentiat.It is a university degree, between that of master andthat of doctor.The main focus of the thesis is on the construction ofsecure protocols for comparing the underlying plain-texts inElGamal encryptions. The protocols make use of the malleabilityof the ElGamal encryption scheme. More specifically they usethe multiplicative homomorphic property of ElGamal.We present fully verifiable protocols for both thetwo-party setting and the multi-party setting. These protocolsare built on sub-protocols, which are specially constructed tofit the present setting. We also present full proofs forcompleteness, soundness, and zero-knowledge for all the givenprotocols, in the random oracle model.
In Vitro Screening Method for Characterization of Macrophage Activation Responses

Macrophage activation refers to the enhanced functionality of macrophages in response to endogenous or exogenous stimuli. Due to the existence of limitless stimuli and a multitude of receptors on macrophage surfaces, the nature of activation (or acquired functioning) can be specific to the encountering stimulus. This article describes a macrophage-activation screening platform in a 96-well format. The methodology involves the generation of bone marrow-derived macrophages, their activation into two extreme activation states, and screening of activated macrophages for expression of bonafide protein biomarkers. A high-throughput and stringent assay to determine macrophage activation markers developed in this article can be adapted for biomarker determination in pathological conditions and toxicant/drug safety screening.
USV Dynamic Accurate Obstacle Avoidance Based on Improved Velocity Obstacle Method

Unmanned surface vehicle (USV) path planning is a crucial technology for achieving USV autonomous navigation. Under global path planning, dynamic local obstacle avoidance has become the primary focus for safe USV navigation. In this study, a USV autonomous dynamic obstacle avoidance method based on the enhanced velocity obstacle method is proposed in order to achieve path replanning. Through further analysis of obstacles, the obstacle geometric model set in the conventional velocity obstacle method was redefined. A special triangular obstacle geometric model was proposed to reconstruct the velocity obstacle region. The collision time was predicted by fitting the previously gathered data to the detected obstacle’s distance, azimuth, and other relevant data. Then, it is combined with the collision risk to determine when obstacle avoidance should begin and end. In order to ensure safe driving between path points, the international maritime collision avoidance rules (COLREGs) are incorporated to ensure the accuracy of obstacle avoidance. Finally, through numerical simulations of various collision scenarios, it was determined that, under the assumption of ensuring a safe encounter distance, the maximum change rates of USV heading angle are optimized by 17.54%, 58.16%, and 28.63% when crossing, head-on, and overtaking, respectively. The results indicate that, by optimizing the heading angle, the enhanced velocity obstacle method can avoid the risk of ship rollover caused by an excessive heading angle during high-speed movement and achieve more accurate obstacle avoidance action in the event of a safety encounter.
GRUBBS: Stata module to perform Grubbs' test for outliers

grubbs test (Grubbs, 1969 and Stefansky, 1972) can be used to detect outliers in a data set, either creating a new variable (equal to 1 if the observation is an outlier and 0 otherwise) or dropping outliers out of the data set. The Grubbs test is also known as the maximum normed residual test. The Grubbs test detects one outlier at each iteration. The outlier is expunged from the data set and the test is iterated until no outliers remain.
Integrated Ground-Based and Satellite Remote Sensing of the Earth’s Surface and Atmosphere in East and West Antarctica with Lidar and Radiometric Systems

: We have developed remote ground-based and satellite methods, hardware and software for studying atmospheric aerosols, clouds and the underlying surface in Eastern and Western Antarctica. The ground-based equipment includes: (1) a CIMEL solar spectrum photometer, which measures the spectrum of solar radiation transmitted and scattered by the atmosphere, (2) a multi-wavelength Raman lidar, which measures the vertical backscatter profile, (3) an albedometer, which measures the spectral albedo of the surface, primarily snow, (4) a reflectometer, which measures the directional spectral reflectance of snow. The ground-based measurement data were integrated with data from satellite radiometers MODIS or OLCI and the satellite lidar CALIOP. A synergy of the manifold data results in retrieval of various atmosphere and surface characteristics such as the aerosol optical depth, profiles of concentration of the fine and coarse aerosol fractions, spatial distribution of the effective snow grain size, fraction of outcrops etc.
Breaking the Concentration Limit in Fluorescence Fluctuation Spectroscopy with Camera-Based Detection

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is an extremely versatile tool that has been widely used to measure chemical reaction rates, protein binding, nanoparticle-protein interactions, and biomolecular dynamics in vitro and in vivo. As an inherently micro-sized approach, FCS is compatible with high-throughput screening applications, as demanded for drug design, but typically limited to nanomolar concentrations, which restricts possible applications. Here, we show how massively parallel camera-based detection with side illumination can extend the usable concentration range of FCS more than 100-fold to measure low affinity processes. Our line illumination (LIM) approach is robust, fast (1 s acquisition times), and does not require any reference measurements to characterize the observation volume size.
Evaluation of the Anti-Atopic Dermatitis Effects of α-Boswellic Acid on Tnf-α/Ifn-γ-Stimulated HaCat Cells and DNCB-Induced BALB/c Mice

Boswellic acids, triterpenoids derived from the genus Boswellia (Burseraceae), are known for their anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor efficacy. Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, non-infectious inflammatory skin disease. However, the effects of α-boswellic acid on atopic dermatitis have not been studied. Therefore, in this study we examined the expression level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, histopathological analysis, and physiological data from BALB/c mice with atopic-like dermatitis induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene and TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells to better understand the agent’s anti-atopic dermatitis efficacy. First, we found that α-boswellic reduced the epidermal thickening, mast cell numbers, and dermal infiltration of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic-like dermatitis in BALB/c mice. Furthermore, we also found that α-boswellic acid can restore transepidermal water loss and skin reddening in mice. In human keratinocytes inflamed by TNF-α/IFN-γ, α-boswellic acid inhibited MAP kinase activation and showed a reduction in NF-κB nuclear translocation. Finally, α-boswellic acid can reduce the expression level of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) following the stimulation of TNF-α/IFN-γ in HaCaT cells. Taken together, our study suggests that α-boswellic acids are a potential component for the development of anti-atopic dermatitis drugs.
Fast Open Circuit Voltage Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using a Relaxation Model and Genetic Algorithm

Battery Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) is of fundamental characteristic for enabling battery modeling and states estimation. However, the traditional OCV measurement method takes a very long time to make the battery reaches its equilibrium, which is rather inconvenient and cannot be performed online for battery energy storage application. Motived by this, this paper proposes an effective method for fast OCV estimation in the relaxation process. In this work, a novel relaxation model is designed for capturing the voltage response of a battery during relaxation time and the Genetic Algorithm (GA) is further applied for optimizing the model parameters and acquiring accurate OCV estimation results. Experimental results confirm the validity of the proposed method under different State of Charges (SOCs), current rates, ambient temperatures, and aging conditions. The results suggest that the proposed method can accurately and quickly estimate battery OCV, which only takes 10 minutes of measurement data (more than 2 hours for the traditional method) and the maximum estimation error is limited to merely 1.8 mV.
Proof-of-Concept of a Fuse-Semiconductor Hybrid Circuit Breaker With a Fast Fuse Exchanger

With the trend toward a decarbonized society where DC power networks play an important role, the importance of DC circuit breakers is increasing. In this paper, the concept of a fuse-semiconductor hybrid circuit breaker with a high-speed fuse exchanger using a high-acceleration linear motor has been presented. The authors demonstrated the feasibility of the presented concept by successfully achieving current limitation, current interruption, fuse exchange, and re-closing for fault currents with a magnitude of approximately 6.0 kA. The interruption was completed in 3.4 ms and re-closed the power system in 66.9 ms. The short interruption time can minimize damage to load equipment owing to overcurrent and power failure. The proposed operating principle has the potential to present new tradeoffs in interrupting ratings, cost, and size because a fuse, semiconductor, and varistor compensate for each other's shortcomings. Moreover, the single-usage disadvantage of the fuses was solved by the fast fuse exchanger. In addition, tradeoffs in design parameters, methods for selecting devices' ratings, and challenges to scale up are discussed in detail.
Bandwidth Enhancement of Millimeter-Wave Large-Scale Antenna Arrays Using X-Type Full-Corporate Waveguide Feed Networks

A one-time-reflection equivalent model of the full-corporate waveguide feed networks is investigated to propose a novel approach to bandwidth enhancement of millimeter-wave large-scale antenna arrays. Theoretical analysis reveals that the in-phase superposition phenomenon of multiple small reflections at specific frequencies caused by the topology of the feed network is also a significant factor to affect the achievable bandwidth of the large-scale arrays, apart from the bandwidth performance of the individual power dividers and radiators composing the array. In order to weaken the undesirable effects on bandwidths caused by the small reflections, a full-corporate waveguide feed network with an X-type topology is then presented. Air-filled waveguide X-junctions and waveguide-fed horn sub-arrays are designed to fulfill new three-dimensional (3D) printed V-band antenna arrays. Excellent performance, including an improved bandwidth of about 40%, a gain of up to 27.8 dBi, and stable unidirectional radiation patterns with cross polarization of less than −32 dB, are confirmed experimentally by an $8 \times 8$ prototype. The theoretical model and the bandwidth enhancement scheme in this paper are valuable to realize the high-gain wideband antenna arrays for emerging millimeter-wave applications.
Compact Camera Fluorescence Detector for Real-Time PCR Devices Using a Parallel Light Lens

: Molecular diagnosis evaluates changes in molecules occurring in cells through numerical and imaging. The expression of genes and disease genes are studied to present directions for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Real-time polymerase chain reaction is a technology that ampliﬁes the amount of a small-target genetic material. Real-time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) detection technology based on ﬂuorescence measurement detects DNA ampliﬁcation and measures ﬂuorescence brightness. Existing real-time PCR systems require complex conﬁgurations and many optical components. As a result, the size of the optical system device is large, and there are limitations in cost and assembly. In addition, imaging devices, such as large and expensive high-performance cameras, are required to measure ﬂuorescence. Recently, due to the continuous development of cameras for smartphones, many cameras with a small size and good performance are being developed. In this paper, we propose a low-cost compact ﬂuorescence detection device using a parallel light lens. The proposed system has a simple optical structure, and the cost of the system can be reduced and miniaturized. This system has the same ﬁeld of view using a fresnel lens. In addition, a small and inexpensive CMOS (Complementary Metal–Oxide Semiconductor) camera (Arducam, Nanjing, China) and LED were placed in the same direction to the greatest extent possible in the center of the fresnel lens. For an accurate analysis, an image processing method was used to compensate. As a result of comparative experiments using double distilled water (DDW) and a reference ﬂuorescence solution (FAM), the proposed system conﬁrmed that stable ﬂuorescence detection was possible.