Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microwave-induced electromigration in multicomponent metallic alloys

The crystallization of amorphous FeCoCuZrAlSiB alloy ribbons during microwave heating was investigated in situ using time-resolved X-ray powder diffraction. The formation of the nanocrystalline α-(Fe,Co)(SiAl) phase during the primary crystallization stage is followed by the crystallization of the residual glassy matrix. Scanning electron microscopy analysis after microwave exposure reveals the formation of nanosized hillocks evenly distributed over the ribbon surfaces. Local chemical composition analysis by energy-dispersive spectroscopy shows that the surface clusters are enriched in Cu and Al. The occurrence of this typical electromigration effect imposes a strong restriction on the duration of the exposure of metallic ribbons to microwave fields and reinforces the need for prior characterization in particular by in situ time-resolved techniques.
FIRE, A Next Step Option for Magnetic Fusion

The next major frontier in magnetic fusion physics is to explore and understand the strong nonlinear coupling among confinement, MHD stability, self-heating, edge physics, and wave-particle interactions that is fundamental to fusion plasma behavior. The Fusion Ignition Research Experiment (FIRE) Design Study has been undertaken to define the lowest cost facility to attain, explore, understand, and optimize magnetically confined fusion-dominated plasmas. The FIRE is envisioned as an extension of the existing Advanced Tokamak Program that could lead to an attractive magnetic fusion reactor. The FIRE activities have focused on the physics and engineering assessment of a compact, high-field tokamak with the capability of achieving Q approximately equal to 10 in the ELMy H-mode for a duration of about 1.5 plasma current redistribution times (skin times) during an initial burning-plasma science phase, and the flexibility to add Advanced Tokamak hardware (e.g., lower-hybrid current drive) later. The configuration chosen for FIRE is similar to that of ARIES-RS, the U.S. Fusion Power Plant study utilizing an Advanced Tokamak reactor. The key ''Advanced Tokamak'' features are: strong plasma shaping, double-null pumping divertors, low toroidal field ripple ( 5) for a duration of 1 to 3 current redistribution times.
Access Point topology evaluation and optimization based on Cramér-Rao Lower Bound for WLAN indoor positioning

WLAN Access Point network is typically optimized for communication scope, and not for localization. It is thus important to understand the positioning accuracy limits under a certain given Access Point topology and to be able to make design recommendations if the Access Point topology can be adapted better for the navigation needs. This paper calculates a Cramér-Rao Lower Bound -based criterion for Received Signal Strength -based positioning. Two study cases are presented about how the proposed criterion can be used to choose the optimal Access Point density and the optimal Access Point topology in a network designed for positioning purposes. In addition, our Cramér-Rao Lower Bound-based criterion can also be used to estimate the expected accuracy bound in an existing network, based on its underlying Access Point density or topology. Measurement-based results are used to verify our proposed approach.
Inferences on relative failure rates in stratified mark‐specific proportional hazards models with missing marks, with application to human immunodeficiency virus vaccine efficacy trials

The paper develops hypothesis testing procedures for the stratified mark‐specific proportional hazards model in the presence of missing marks. The motivating application is preventive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine efficacy trials, where the mark is the genetic distance of an infecting HIV sequence to an HIV sequence represented inside the vaccine. The test statistics are constructed on the basis of two‐stage efficient estimators, which utilize auxiliary predictors of the missing marks. The asymptotic properties and finite sample performances of the testing procedures are investigated, demonstrating double robustness and effectiveness of the predictive auxiliaries to recover efficiency. The methods are applied to the RV144 vaccine trial.
Optimum coordination of overcurrent relays in distribution systems using big-m and revised simplex methods

Suitable protection system is a must to protect people and primary electric power equipment from disaster or damage. Most frequent faults that occur in the distribution system are overcurrent faults. Overcurrent (OC) relays are used significantly in protecting power distribution system from frequently caused faults like short circuits, ground faults, etc. Optimization algorithms maybe used to minimize the time of operation of relays. This paper implements Big M and Revised Simplex method for optimum time coordination of overcurrent relays in a distribution network and identifies the optimized time multiplier setting (TMS) of the relay. This helps in quick coordination of overcurrent relays and also fast fault clearance.
Membrane Fusion by Single Influenza Hemagglutinin Trimers

Influenza hemagglutinin, the receptor-binding and membrane fusion protein of the virus, is a prototypic model for studies of biological membrane fusion in general. To elucidate the minimum number of hemagglutinin trimers needed for fusion, the kinetics of fusion induced by reconstituted vesicles of hemagglutinin was studied by using single-vesicle image analysis. The surface density of hemagglutinin fusion-activity sites on the vesicles was varied, while keeping the surface density of receptor-binding activity sites constant, by co-reconstitution of the fusogenic form of hemagglutinin, HA1,2, and the non-fusogenic form, HA0, at various HA1,2:(HA1,2 + HA0) ratios. The rate of fusion between the hemagglutinin vesicles containing a fluorescent lipid probe, octadecylrhodamine B, and red blood cell ghost membranes was estimated from the time distribution of fusion events of single vesicles observed by fluorescence microscopy. The best fit of a log-log plot of fusion rate versus the surface density of HA1,2 exhibited a slope of 0.85, strongly supporting the hypothesis that single hemagglutinin trimers are sufficient for fusion. When only HA1,2 (without HA0) was reconstituted on vesicles, the dependence of fusion rate on the surface density of HA1,2 was distinct from that for the HA1,2-HA0 co-reconstitution. The latter result suggested interference with fusion activity by hemagglutinin-receptor binding, without having to assume a fusion mechanism involving multiple hemagglutinin trimers.
Robot localization method based on visual features and their geometric relationship

This paper presents a novel method to recognize current location of a mobile robot from input stereo images with visual and geometric features. We extract structural planes from 3D depth data by using SLIC (Simple Linear Iterative Clustering) based superpixel and RANSAC algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed method using visual features and their geometric relationship provides better performance in robot localization.
A Fine-Grained Analysis of User Activity on Mobile Applications: The Sensitivity Level Perception

Mobile devices contain different levels of data and applications such as photos, text messages, emails and mobile banking applications. Each process within each application has a different level of sensitivity; thus, protection needs to be considered in this context after initial access to the mobile device. The main aim of this research is to investigate when to authenticate the mobile user by focusing on the sensitivity level of each intra-process (within the application) and understanding whether a certain user action in a process may require protection. To accomplish this, the 10 most popular mobile categories were analysed to gain a comprehensive understanding of how to categorise the applications in terms of their sensitivity level. Building upon this analysis, the results show that 78% of 125 user actions are considered sensitive processes. This paper also demonstrates that existing authentication systems lack adequate security solutions to unauthorised access to the mobile device. Consequently, this indicates the need for a robust and usable access control approach to establish a transparent and a continuous authentication system.
A new dynamic fast-settling low dropout regulator with programmable output voltage

The new dynamic fast settling low dropout regulator (LDO) is presented for minimizing setting time in voltage switched by utilizing the multi-voltage control technique and dynamic fast-settling mechanism The proposed LDO provides multiple discrete voltage levels of output by using multi-voltage control technique Meanwhile, the settling time is reduced by utilizing dynamic fast-settling mechanism during output voltage switched Furthermore, we propose the new comparator architecture to avoid the problems of overcharging and over-discharging at feedback node Vp and output node Vout. The simulation results are based on 0.35fan CMOS process. The transient time of the proposed LDO is reduced from 4.2ms to 22fis. Moreover, the power dissipation of the multi-voltage control and dynamic fast-settling mechanism is only 0.3mWin a heavy load condition
Low overhead routing for IEEE 802.11-based Internet-of-Things networks

In multihop IEEE 802.11 IoT networks, efficient routing which means high throughput and low energy consumption is a critical issue. Existing schemes oftentimes rely on explicit ‘link probing’ to estimate the quality of a routing path. This approach is too expensive for IoT networks, as it requires extra traffic generation. In this paper, we propose a scheme, called ‘Virtual Network emulation-based Routing (VNR)’. We do not rely on ‘link probing’. Instead, information is obtained by passively sniffing the ongoing traffic. The information obtained at each IoT node is collected at the IoT gateway to derive the statistical properties of the current network. On the basis of the derived properties, the status of the network is estimated, which we call VNR. This result is used to make routing decisions. We evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme via extensive simulations.
Modeling of a pair of annular through silicon vias (TSV)

Modelling of a pair of annular TSVs is performed in this paper. A set of equivalent lumped-element circuit models for two annular TSV interconnects is proposed, with MOS capacitance effects treated appropriately. The method for characterizing its frequency- and temperature-dependent RLCG parameters is proposed, including its effective capacitance and conductance. The characteristic impedance and insertion loss are studied numerically.
Intrinsic switching variability in HfO2 RRAM

In this work, we present a systematic electrical characterization of TiN\HfO2\Hf\TiN RRAM elements from the variability perspective. Variability of both programmed resistance values and switching triggering voltages has been evaluated on small scaled cells in a wide operating current range (2μA till 500μA's), for different oxide stacks, in DC and pulsed conditions. For the first time device-to-device and cycle-to-cycle variability are thoroughly compared as well as the impact of different oxygen vacancy profiles. Increase of variability in low current operation is also elucidated.
Hybrid modeling of froth flotation superficial appearance applying dynamic textures analysis

Flotation is one of the most complex processes in mining industry. In fact, non linear characteristics, large delays, significant disturbances and important unmeasurable variables make the process very difficult for automatic control. However, experimented operators are able to take adequate control actions based on superficial froth appearance by defining several operational states. To ensure the obtaining of technical and economical benefits, it is necessary to better identify different operational states from the froth superficial appearance. In this work we propose a hybrid characterization of the froth surface applying dynamic texture techniques and texture classification. Results show that the models obtained represent accurately the froth dynamics and our detection algorithm is able to detect efficiently different froth operational states.
Computation of critical clearing time using an integrated approach

A fast computation technique of critical clearing time (CCT) has been proposed using an integrated approach. The technique combines the advantage of energy function based analysis and the time domain stability analysis method for calculating the CCT useful for removal of system contingency in a power network. This integrated approach computes the approximate CCT first using the energy function approach and uses the approximate CCT as the starting to the time domain analysis method which gives a tuned CCT. The proposed integrated approach estimates CCT very fast compared to the normal time domain approach. This method has been tested on WSCC 9bus system and New England 39 bus Test System.
Spark standalone mode process analysis and data skew solutions

This paper is divided into two parts, the first part details the Spark standalone mode execution process, in-depth understanding of it will be the prerequisite and basis for our program tuning. The second part elaborates several scenes of Spark data skew, this paper presents six methods to solve the data skew according to different scenarios, including aggregated source data and filtering leading to skewed keys, increase the parallelism of the shuffle operation, use random keys to implement double aggregation, convert reduce join into map join, sampling skew key alone for join, use random numbers and expansion tables for join, and proved that the above method can effectively solve the problem of data skew.
Treatment of Chemical&#8211;Mechanical Planarization Wastes by Electrocoagulation/Electro- Fenton Method

A method for the treatment of chemical–mechanical planaarization wastewater that utilizes the principles of electrocoagulation (EC) and electro-Fenton (EF) reactions has been investigated. The method consists of subjecting the wastewater to an applied electric field between two iron electrodes, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Dissolved iron is responsible for electrocoagulation, while the hydroxyl radicals produced through the reaction of dissolved iron species with hydrogen peroxide destroy dissolved organics. Over 95% of fine particles can be removed after sedimentation following exposure to electric field, and the turbidity of the clarified solution can be reduced to very low values (0.3 NTU).
Position and velocity sensorless control of synchronous reluctance motor at low speed using disturbance observer for high-frequency extended EMF

Recently, synchronous reluctance motors (SynRMs) have attracted study because of their favorable properties, including limited thermal expansion of the shaft due to low heat generation by the rotor, the ability to drive at high velocity, a low degree of torque ripple and an absence of demagnetization problems. Sensorless control of SynRMs is now desired, and several methods have been proposed. These methods, however, have difficulties at low speed when the voltage signal necessary to estimate rotor position is very small. The authors have proposed a new position estimation method using high-frequency extended e.m. f. (EEMF) in which high-frequency voltage and current are calculated using a disturbance observer. Simulations have shown the new method to be very useful. In this paper, it is shown, experimentally, that it is possible to control the motor at low speeds without the position and velocity sensor using the new proposed method.
A comparison between upper bounds on performance of two consensus-based distributed optimization algorithms*

Abstract In this paper we address the problem of multi-agent optimization for convex functions expressible as sums of convex functions. Each agent has access to only one function in the sum and can use only local information to update its current estimate of the optimal solution. We consider two consensus-based iterative algorithms, based on a combination between a consensus step and a subgradient decent update. The main difference between the two algorithms is the order in which the consensus-step and the subgradient descent update are performed. We obtain upper bounds on performance metrics of the two algorithms. We show that updating first the current estimate in the direction of a subgradient and then executing the consensus step ensures a tighter upper bound compared with the case where the steps are executed in reversed order. In support of our analytical results, we give some numerical simulations of the algorithms as well.
BioTools : Tools based on Biostrings ( alignment , classification , database )

Three are many stand-alone tools available for Bioinformatics. This package aims at using R and the Biostrings package as the common interface for several important tools for multiple sequence alignment (clustalw, kalign), classification (RDP), sequence retrieval (BLAST) as well as database driven sequence management for 16S rRNA.
An enhanced ICI reduction scheme for CDD ofdm systems for IQ imbalance

In this paper, we develop the ICI selfcancellation scheme for reducing the effect of IQ imbalance in CDD OFDM systems. I/Q imbalance results reduction in CDD OFDM systems performance by creating an image signal interference which increases the power of interchannel interference (ICI). Here, an Enhanced Symmetric data conjugate (ESDC) method is developed by mapping the transmitted symbol at the spacing of half of the CDD OFDM symbol block. The symbol mapping in the proposed ESDC enhances the received SNR and thereby improves the CDD OFDM performance. The proposed ESDC scheme reduces the power of interchannel interference (ICI) due to image signal interference of IQ imbalance.
Diversity maximal combining for transparent protocol with Cooperative Network Coding (CNC)

Cooperative communication system is not able fully to solve the problems all about multipath fading, there are many parameters to decrease signal level to the receiver. The author brings the solution to embedded with network coding, this paper focus to enhance research about cooperative with network coding (CNC), using transparent protocol i.e amplify-and-forward (AF) with BPSK and QPSK modulation. We proposed system at the receiver we used diversity maximal combining as known as maximal ratio combining (MRC) with decrease timeslot (time diversity), that combined two parameters between sourcedestination (S-D) and source-relay-destination (S-R-D). Component parameters were bit error rate (BER) and throughput. The simulation results throughput showed that cooperative communication systems with network coding better than cooperative system without network coding.
Birth and Neonatal Care Injuries: A Special Aspect of Newborn Surgery

Nowadays birth (BI) and Neonatal Care (NCI) injuries have to be considered as a significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Since they are always delicate to manage after disclosure, they are usually less often reported. Thus, selections of extraordinary cases are presented most considerately. The institutional files of 18 neonates have been selected. In the BI-group 2 complex injuries happened during Caesareans, 5 during vaginal deliveries, while in the NCI-group 8 happened during NICU and 3 during home care. Median time of presentation has been the 2nd (Range 1-3) day, respectively the 1st (Range 1-3) week of life. Six neonates underwent surgery, 4 closed bone reduction, the remaining 8 could be treated non-surgical. Even lethal outcomes have to be considered. BI- injuries and NCI-injuries present as a special aspect of newborn surgery. For their successful management great expertise and empathy is needed by every individual carer in charge.
Water Cladded Plasmonic Slot Waveguide Vertically Coupled With Si3N4 Photonics

We demonstrate a water cladded plasmo-photonic waveguide, by exploiting the directional coupling scheme to vertically divert light from a 360 × 800 nm (height × width) Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> waveguide to a plasmonic slot waveguide, enabling the excitation of a pure plasmonic mode within a 210-nm-wide slot at 1550 nm. The 150-nm-thick plasmonic slot waveguide was deposited on the top of an oxide cladded Si<sub>3</sub>N <sub>4</sub> waveguide exhibiting an experimental plasmonic-to-photonic insertion loss of 2.24 ± 0.3 dB and a plasmonic propagation length (<italic>L</italic><sub>spp</sub>) of 10.8 μm at 1550 nm. The proposed plasmo-photonic waveguide holds a promise as an optical transducer element for highly sensitive and low-cost interferometric biosensors due to the significant phase change achieved per unit propagation length.
Management of Radix Entomolaris in Mandibular Second Molar with Multiple Canal Ledges: A Case Report

Sometimes, flare up may occur because of incomplete elimination of pathogenic microorganisms owing to complexity and variation of the pulp anatomy leading to missing pulpal tissue which acts as a nidus for infection [1]. These variations considered as a challenge in detection and management of such cases. An extraordinary root has been reported in mandibular molars that was located either mesiolingual to the distal root (radix entomolaris) or mesiobuccal to the distal root (Radix paramolaris). Radix entomolaris (RE) was firstly described by carabelli G 1844 [2]. Unfortunately, detection of the third root is not easily with two-dimensional radiographs due to overlapping with other anatomical structures. Nowadays, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a valuable tool to detect teeth with extra root and root canals more accurately due to its three dimensional (3D) nature [3]. This case report showed diagnosis and management of radix entomolaris related to 37.
HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEM FED ANFIS BASED SEPIC CONVERTER FOR DC LOADS

This Paper mainly deals with the implementation of Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) in Pulse Width Modulation control of Single Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC). Generally PID, Fuzzy techniques are being used to control DC – DC converter. This paper presents a ANFIS controller based SEPIC converter for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) operation of a photovoltaic (PV) system. The ANFIS controller for the SEPIC MPPT scheme shows a high precision in current transition and keeps the voltage without any changes represented in small steady state error and small overshoot. The proposed scheme ensures optimal use of photovoltaic (PV) array, wind turbine and proves its efficacy in variable load conditions, unity and lagging power factor at the inverter output (load) side. The performance of the proposed ANFIS based MPPT operation of SEPIC converter is compared to those of the conventional PID and Fuzzy based SEPIC converter. The results show that the proposed ANFIS based MPPT scheme for SEPIC can transfer power to about 20 percent (approx) more than conventional system.
Design and Control Optimization of Surface-Mounted Permanent-Magnet Machines with High Torque and Low Ripples

This paper presents a systematic design and control procedure for the surface-mounted permanent-magnet (SPM) machine with high torque and low ripples. From the design perspective, the concentrated windings with similar slot and pole numbers may achieve many advantages, such as less power loss, high torque density, and very low torque ripple without stator and rotor skewing. The latter leads the design to a sinusoidal flux density for a ripple-free torque distribution. From the control perspective, an ideal current waveform and its shift angle for each phase are determined by aligning the current excitation with the back electromotive force. The design and control of the SPM machine are analyzed by the finite element method. An exampling machine with 48 slots and 44 poles and ideal current shift can achieve a maximum torque at 1034 N-m but only with 2.7% torque ripple.