Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Secure and Safe Automated Vehicle Platooning

Cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) or platooning recently becomes promising as vehicles can learn of nearby vehicles’ intentions and dynamics through wireless vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication and advanced on-board sensing technologies. The complexity of automated vehicle platoon system opens doors to various malicious cyber attacks. Violation of cybersecurity often results in serious safety issues as been demonstrated in recent studies. However, safety and security in a vehicle platoon so far have been considered separately by different sets of experts. Consequently no existing solution solves both safety and security in a coherent way. In this article, we show cyber attacks on an automated platoon system could have the most severe level of safety impact with large scale car crash and argue the importance of safety-security co-design for safety critical cyber physical systems (CPS). Based on a deep comprehension on the interrelation of safety and security, we present a safety-security co-design engineering process to derive functional security requirements for a safe automated vehicle platoon system. Finally we offer a vision of the future research issues on this important area of automated and connected vehicles.
Is the Mongolian Equity Market Efficient? Empirical Evidence from Tests of Weak-Form Efficiency

This paper investigates the empirical validity of the weak-form of the Efficient Market Hypothesis in the Mongolian equity market over Jan 1999 to Jul 2012. We examine the characteristics of the market by testing the fit of returns to a normal distribution using the Jarque-Bera Test, and find strong evidence against normality. The data also exhibits positive skewness and a high level of excess kurtosis. Next, we test for the presence of autocorrelation using the Ljung-Box Q Test and the non-parametric Runs Test, and find strong evidence against the null hypothesis of no autocorrelation for both of these tests. Finally, we test the associated Random Walk Hypothesis using the Augmented DickeyFuller Test and the Chow-Denning Multiple Variance Ratio (MVR) Test. We reject the null hypothesis of the presence of a unit root for the Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test. In addition, we find evidence against the Random Walk Hypothesis even after adjusting for the possible presence of heteroscedasticity in the MVR Test. Since all the tests present results consistent with weak-form inefficiency, we reject the weak-form of the Efficient Market Hypothesis for the Mongolian equity market.
WST 50.2-33

The objective of this study was to determine the primary removal mechanisms of endocrine disruptors such as steroidal hormones present in reclaimed water, specifically 17β-estradiol, estriol, and testosterone, during groundwater recharge via soil aquifer treatment (SAT). Steroidal hormones were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Bench-scale studies and laboratory-scale soil column experiments were employed to determine what mechanisms (i.e., adsorption, biodegradation, photolytic degradation) dominate the removal of the three compounds of interest during SAT. Findings of these studies revealed that the dominating removal mechanism for the compounds of interest during SAT is adsorption to the porous media matrix and additional attenuation to below the detection limit occurred in the presence of bioactivity. This additional removal occurred regardless of dominating redox conditions (aerobic vs. anoxic) or the type of organic carbon matrix present (hydrophobic acids, hydrophilic carbon vs. colloidal carbon).
Numerical Linear Algebra Project-GPGPU solutions of the Linear Least Squares Problem for Simultaneous Localization and Mapping

An accurate and fast linear direct solver is crucial to the general nonlinear least square problems widely used in computer vision and robotics. In this project, we choose Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) as one application of a nonlinear least-square problem, and focus on studying how the linear direct solvers can be boosted by the GPGPU based solutions. We implement QR and Cholesky least square solvers in both single precision and double precision, and compare their performance w.r. t. the its equivalent direct solvers implemented in Eigen C++ library, which is used as a standard in this application. We provide a full analysis of these implementations in terms of both accuracy and speed, tested in a SLAM dataset [2]. Our experiments indicate the GPGPU based solutions can bring significant speed up in such sparse matrix factorization problems.
Global Soil Organic Carbon Estimates and the Harmonized World Soil Database

Global estimates of soil organic carbon stocks have been produced in the past to support the calculation of potential emissions of CO2 from the soil under scenarios of change land use/cover and climatic conditions (IPCC, 2006), but very few global estimates are presented as spatial data. For global spatial layers on soil parameters, the most recent and complete dataset is available as the Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD). The HWSD represents a step forward towards a spatially more detailed and thematically more refined set of global soil data. During the evaluation of the data for generating estimates of global SOC stocks Version 1.1 of the HWSD revealed also some rough edges. Consequential are the values of bulk density attributed to soils high in organic carbon. In the evaluation the database was completed and suitable substitutions for bulk density for soil high in organic carbon were investigated. For the amended data the global SOC stock to 100cm soil depth is estimated at 1,417 Pg C, although this estimate very much dependent on the ancillary data used. The amended HWSD was compared to data from 4 other global data sets on SOC stocks. The comparative evaluation has demonstrated that bulk density is the most important factor for estimating SOC stocks and mainly responsible for the differences between estimates. Most affected from the variability in bulk density are SOC stocks in areas with soils which are high in organic carbon. How to obtain EU publications Our priced publications are available from EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu), where you can place an order with the sales agent of your choice. The Publications Office has a worldwide network of sales agents. You can obtain their contact details by sending a fax to (352) 29 29-42758. The mission of the JRC is to provide customer-driven scientific and technical support for the conception, development, implementation and monitoring of EU policies. As a service of the European Commission, the JRC functions as a reference centre of science and technology for the Union. Close to the policy-making process, it serves the common interest of the Member States, while being independent of special interests, whether private or national. LB -N A -2525-EN -N
ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A PREDICTIVE MODEL TO PREDICT DIABETES OF HUMAN BODY USING DATA MINING ALGORITHM

Data mining is one of the most attractive interdisciplinary subfield of computer science. Data mining is one of the technique in which it can extract the useful information from the large data set. Then it transforms the data as human understandable format. Nowadays there are a large number of people affected by diabetic. So that analyzing the patient report using manual system is too much complicated to the doctor. The aim of the study is to make a model which can predict the diabetic and measure the level of diabetes of human body. To accomplish the research work the author have used J48 and Naive Bayes algorithm. The aim of research work is to work with maximum number of attributes to find out the appropriate outcomes which can predict the diabetes and then measure the level of diabetes of a human body. The authors have used several steps to reach the goal of the research. They proposed a proposal model which is the combination form of two systems which can predict the diabetes and after completing the prediction phase it can also measure the level of diabetes. Authors create a prediction model using J48 algorithm and a classification model using Naive Bayes algorithm. The prediction model which can predict the result of diabetes is yes or not by given the sample data if the result is yes then authors provide sample data to the classification model for classifying the level of diabetes into four types. After implementing the system the authors are tested their research work by using several sample data. According to the sample data they have found that their working result for prediction the diabetes is 96% and measuring the level of diabetes is 89%.
Association between Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio and Angiographic No-Reflow in Patients with None-St Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Coronary Intervention

Introduction: Inflammation and platelet activation play a central role in the initiation and progression of the atherosclerosis process. The Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is a new prognostic marker in coronary artery disease. The PLR is a significant independent predictor of longterm mortality after none-ST elevated myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). We aimed to evaluate the relationship between PLR and no-reflow (NR) in patients with NSTEMI. Material and methods: The present study included 173 patients with NSTEMI. The patients were classified into two groups as follows: 115 patients in the NR group and 58 patients in the normal reflow group. NR was defined as coronary thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade ≤ 2 after vessel recanalization with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. The PLR was calculated from the complete blood count. Results: The PLR values of the patients with NR were significantly higher than those of patients with normal reflow (108.6 (14.6-511.3) vs. 91.7 (17.2-225.3), p = 0.01). Also, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was significantly higher in the NR group than the normal-reflow group (3.0 (0.316.5) vs. 2.3 (0.01-12.5), p = 0.02). The Correlation between the PLR and NLR was positive and significant (r = 0.68, p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that PLR is an independent predictor of NR in patients with NSTEMI.
The Simulation on Temperature and Thermal Stress of Leakage Current Particulate Matter Sensor on Diesel Engine

Based on the working environment and control strategy of the leakage current particulate sensor on the diesel engine, the ANSYS finite element simulation is applied to prove the reliability of the sensor in the response phase. It shows that the full load conditions of the diesel engine harsh the exhaust environment, which leads to higher thermal stress in the sensor. The temperature of the front end of the sensor base is up to 227°C, and the highest thermal stress appearing in the sensor is 88 MPa. Both of them are lower than the upper limit request, which guarantees the working reliability of the sensor in long period. The effect of outside environment on the highest temperature of the sensor base is also investigated, and it shows that the lower temperature and the higher convective heat transfer coefficient would be in favor of the reliable work of the sensor. In addition, it shows that the cold start time of the sensor is reducing exponentially with the increasing heating power, and the optimum heating power is 60 W taking the linearly increasing thermal stress into consideration.
Importance of Clinical Evaluations Related to Secondary Hypertension in Patients with Resistant Hypertension

37 Received: Revised: Accepted: October 21, 2012 November 26, 2012 November 26, 2012 Corresponding Author: Moon-Hyoung Lee, Cardiology Division, Yonsei Cardiovascular Center and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Shinchon-dong 134, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea Tel: +82-2-2228-8460, Fax: +82-2-2227-7943, E-mail: mhlee@yuhs.ac This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Case Report http://dx.doi. org/10.12997/jla.2013. 2.1. 37 pISSN 2287-2892 • eISSN 2288-2561 JLA Importance of Clinical Evaluations Related to Secondary Hypertension in Patients with Resistant Hypertension
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background: To assess the efficacy and safety of plaster splint vs splints in the treatment of distal radius fractures (DRFs). Methods: For a more comprehensive collection of original study, we mainly searched 9 electronic databases including the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Clinical Trials. gov, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and VIP Database. The retrieval date of all databases is from the establishment to January 2019. In the aspect of assessing the quality of original research methodology, we mainly rely on the Cochrane risk bias assessment tool and GRADE assessment method. Revman 5.3 is used for statistical analysis. Results:A total of 8 studies involving 717 participants were included. The results showed that effective rate (RR=0.99, 95%CI 0.91 to 1.07, P= .83), reduction rate (RR=1.00, 95%CI 0.93 to 1.07, P= .98), and complication rate of the plaster splint had no significant difference with the splint. In addition, for the excellent rate of treatment, subgroup analysis based on the included studies found that when the intervention period was 4 weeks, the plaster splint was better than the splint, and when the intervention period was more than 4 weeks, there was no significant difference between them. Conclusions: There is no sufficient evidence that plaster splint is superior to splint. However, according to current evidence, plaster splint is more effective than splint when the intervention period is shorter (4 weeks), and its advantage disappears when the intervention period is longer (> 4 weeks). It should be noted that the results of this study were influenced by the sample size and the quality of the included studies. More high-quality and well-controlled RCTs are needed to draw better conclusions in further study. Abbreviations: CENTRAL = Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CI = confidence intervals, CNKI = Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, DRFs = distal radius fractures, GRADE = Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation, MD = mean difference, PRISMA = Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Metaanalysis, RCTs = randomized controlled trials, RR = risk ratio.
Judging Borrowers By Their Shareholders: Institutional Investors, Covenant Violations, and Corporate Governance*

We test whether loan contracts protect against potential governance issues associated with a firm’s shareholders. We identify shareholder-related governance issues using a shareholder linkage measure based on the propensity of a firm’s top ten shareholders to hold shares in other firms with covenant violations. The shareholder linkage measure predicts that lenders 1) charge higher spreads, 2) require more conservative loan terms, and 3) include more covenant restrictions. Moreover, we find significant real effects as firms with high shareholder linkage measure are less likely to raise external financing and have lower capital investment. Overall, our findings suggests that lenders judge companies by their shareholders.
The State of User Authentication in the Wild

User authentication is a field under active research, both from the academic community, startups, and established companies. In this context, passwords are regularly declared “dead”, and there is a strong desire to replace passwords as the most widely used authentication method. In this paper we intend to map the current state of user authentication, as typically seen by end users. We evaluated the mechanisms used by 48 different services, including websites, IoT/smart home devices, and mobile devices. Our main findings are: (i) Passwords are still the most prevalent primary authentication method in the wild. (ii) Most services support 2FA, either requested in combination with the first factor (immediate 2FA) or when a more sensitive operation is triggered (delayed 2FA). (iii) No service offered a simple way to recover a second factor, without having another second factor set up. Based on the findings, we derive recommendations for a more comprehensive perspective on user authentication.
Idiosyncratic Volatility and Acquirer Gains from Earnout Financed M&As

We examine the impact of the acquirer information environment, measured by its idiosyncratic stock return volatility (sigma), on the choice of deferred payments (earnouts) in M&As and consequently, on acquirer abnormal returns. We find that the superiority of earnouts on acquirer abnormal returns persists only in deals announced by low-sigma acquirers. This effect, however, vanishes, or even flips sign, in deals announced by high-sigma acquirers, which represents almost half of all earnout-financed deals. We revisit this by relying on a quasi-experimental design through which the earnout effect is evaluated in isolation. Our findings offer direct evidence on the superiority of earnouts in deals involving low-sigma acquirers. We argue that the perceived earnout effect is overwhelmed by an acquirer information dissemination effect, the magnitude of which is larger in deals announced by high-sigma acquirers. In such deals the information asymmetry between acquirers’ managers and outside investors is high, ultimately leading to an indistinguishable earnout effect as both earnout and non-earnout acquirers enjoy similarly high abnormal returns. Conversely, earnout-financing in deals announced by acquirers exhibiting lowsigma sends a strong signal of value creation that also prevents investors from inducing a sizerelated discount.
Firms in International Trade: Towards a New New Trade Policy

This paper discusses the implications of recent developments in firm-based trade theory and empirics for trade policy. We sketch the evolution of this modern theory, and review the implications of the available empirical analysis in order to demonstrate the need for a new new trade policy. We argue that the newest approaches to evaluating trade at the level of the firm, where trade actually takes place, imply that policies focused on overcoming the fixed costs of trade and reducing uncertainty will lead to increased trade at the extensive margin, which is where the biggest gains in productivity and welfare are found. Nevertheless non-discrimination and reciprocity still anchor the trading system and comparative advantage still has its influence, if at the level of trade in tasks. The traditional market access agenda ought now to be less important on the multilateral agenda than services, customs cooperation, standards, trade facilitation, procurement, and innovation policy. The analytic needs of the new new trade policy require new models, and more access to firm-level data to appropriately formulate and evaluate the impacts of trade policy. * Dan Ciuriak is a consulting economist, formerly Deputy Chief Economist, Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada; Beverly Lapham is in the Department of Economics, Queens University; Robert Wolfe is with the School of Policy Studies, Queen’s University; Terry Collins-Williams is a Senior Associate at the Centre for Trade Policy and Law, Carleton University and University of Ottawa; and John Curtis is Distinguished Fellow with the Centre for International Governance Innovation. We are grateful for the comments of participants when earlier versions of this paper were presented to: the Canadian Departments of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, Finance, and Agriculture and AgriFood; an IISD/ICTSD/UNEP seminar in Geneva; the Annual Conference of the European Trade Study Group, Copenhagen; and the Queen’s Annual Institute on Trade Policy. We are also grateful for the confidential comments of officials in Ottawa and Geneva.
Comparing the Intrinsic Performance of Clinical Concept Embeddings by Their Field of Medicine

Pre-trained word embeddings are becoming increasingly popular for natural language processing tasks. This includes medical applications, where embeddings are trained for clinical concepts using specific medical data. Recent work continues to improve on these embeddings. However, no one has yet sought to determine whether these embeddings work as well for one field of medicine as they do in others. In this work, we use intrinsic methods to evaluate embeddings from the various fields of medicine as defined by their ICD-9 systems. We find significant differences between fields, and motivate future work to investigate whether extrinsic tasks will follow a similar pattern.
The Returns to Art Investing: Long-Run Evidence from an Emerging Market1

We analyze the risk-return profile of 5,961 artworks executed by 69 Venezuelan artists and sold at auction worldwide between 1969 and 2014, the longest art returns period ever assembled for an emerging market, estimating a hedonic price regression. Arithmetic nominal annual dollar returns averaged 5.2% (geometric mean nominal annual returns were 3.2%, slightly below observed inflation). Ceteris-paribus, artist reputation was an important variable explaining art prices, the most expensive works of art were sold at Sotheby’s and Christie’s, were dated and executed in (ordered by price impact): oil, acrylic, other techniques, mixed media, pastel and works on paper; and corresponded to the following topics (ordered by price impact): Abstract, self-portraits, objects, still life, urban and landscape. The main investment attribute of including Venezuelan art in a diversified portfolio resides in its very low correlation with Venezuelan and U.S. stocks and bonds. We also examine the relation between art returns and economic variables and document, contrary to most of the literature, the existence of a strong “masterpiece effect” for Venezuelan art. Finally, we find that a portfolio of abstract paintings executed by Venezuelan artists outperformed portfolios of figurative and landscape Venezuelan artists.
Financialization , Intraday Institutional Trading , and Commodity Market Quality by Vikas Raman

We investigate the impact on market liquidity and pricing efficiency of an important, albeit hitherto unexplored, aspect of the financialization of commodities: the massive growth in intraday trading by “non-commercial” institutional traders. First, we use the introduction of electronic trading in U.S. crude oil futures as an instrument to establish a causally and significantly beneficial effect of institutional financial trading on key metrics of market quality. We exploit large differences in postelectronification growth rates of institutional financial trading in futures with different maturities to tease out the respective roles of electronification vs. financialization. Next, having established causality, we use structural vector autoregression analyses to further examine the endogenous relationship between institutional financial trading and market quality. We find that increased institutional financial trading contemporaneously reduces the variance of pricing errors, narrows bid-ask spreads, and cuts customer trade imbalances. Finally, we show that, in the causal link between financialization and the improvement in market quality, both fast (automated) and other, non-fast, institutional financial traders play separate and important roles for different attributes of market quality.