Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Appearing out of nowhere: the emergence of spacetime in quantum gravity

Quantum gravity is understood as a theory that, in some sense, unifies general relativity (GR) and quantum theory, and is supposed to replace GR at extremely small distances (high-energies). It may be that quantum gravity represents the breakdown of spacetime geometry described by GR. The relationship between quantum gravity and spacetime has been deemed "emergence", and the aim of this thesis is to investigate and explicate this relation. After finding traditional philosophical accounts of emergence to be inappropriate, I develop a new conception of emergence by considering physical case studies including condensed matter physics, hydrodynamics, critical phenomena and quantum field theory understood as effective field theory. This new conception of emergence is independent of reduction and derivation. Instead, a low-energy theory is understood as emergent from a high-energy theory if it is novel and autonomous compared to the high-energy theory, and the low-energy physics is dependent (in a particular, minimal sense) on the high-energy physics (this dependence is revealed by the techniques of effective field theory and the renormalisation group). These ideas are important in exploring the relationship between quantum gravity and GR, where GR is understood as an effective, low-energy theory of quantum gravity. Without experimental data or a theory of quantum gravity, we rely on principles and techniques from other areas of physics to guide the way. As well as considering the idea of emergence appropriate to treating GR as an effective field theory, I investigate the emergence of spacetime (and other aspects of GR) in several concrete approaches to quantum gravity, including examples of the condensed matter approaches, the "discrete approaches" (causal set theory, causal dynamical triangulations, quantum causal histories and quantum graphity) and loop quantum gravity.
Über die Struktur einer durch Dicksonpolynome dargestellten Permuationsgruppe des Restklassenringes modulo n.

2. Gegeben sei eine bezüglich der Komposition von Polynomen abgeschlossene Klasse von Permutationspolynomen. Welche Untergruppe der symmetrischen Gruppe auf den Elementen von R bilden die durch die Polynome der Klasse erzeugten Permutationen ? Ein Beitrag zum zweiten Problemkreis wurde in [1] geliefert, und zwar wurden dort Gruppen von Permutationen auf Galoisfeldern K studiert, welche durch Dicksonpolynome, d. h. Polynome der Gestalt
Large Deviations and Idempotent Probability

IDEMPOTENT PROBABILITY THEORY Idempotent Probability Measures Idempotent Measures Measurable Maps Modes of Convergence Idempotent Integration Product Spaces Independence and Conditioning Idempotent Distributions and Laplace-Fenchel Transforms' Idempotent Measures on Topological Spaces Idemptent Measures on Projective Limits Topological Spaces of Idempotent Probabilities Maxingales Stopping Times Idempotent Stochastic Processes Exponential Maxingales Wiener and Poisson Idempotent Processes Continuous Local Maxingales Idempotent Ito Equations Semimaxingales and Maxingale Problems Proofs of the Uniqueness Results Convergence of Idempotent Processes LARGE DEVIATION CONVERGENCE Large Deviation Convergence in Tihonov Spaces General Theory Large Deviation Convergence in the Skorohod Space The Method of Finite-Dimensional Distributions Convergence of Stochastic Exponentials LD Convergence via Convergence of the Characteristics Corollaries The Method of the Maxingale Problem Convergence of Stochastic Exponentials Convergence of Characteristics APPLICATIONS Markov Processes Queueing Networks APPENDIX
Does globalization augment environmental degradation through the channel energy and FDI? Evidence from BRI initiatives

From 2000 through 2020, this study examines the impacts of FDI, economic development, and globalization on E.D. in a sample of Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) nations. Data for the inquiry is gathered using a variety of tests, including the Westerlund cointegration test, the Dynamic seemingly unrelated regression (DSUR) long-run panel estimate approach, and the Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test. Panel unit root tests reveal which variables are hidden where and after initial difference and long-run association documents have been processed using conventional and error-correcting methods. DSUR discovered a positive relationship between long-term energy use and environmental degradation, implying that greater energy consumption and total output would exacerbate the current condition of environmental degradation. Foreign direct investment (FDI), financial expansion, and globalization benefit the global economy more than harm the environment. Aside from the unidirectional impacts of financial development, globalization, and economic expansion on environmental degradation, directional causality studies demonstrate the presence of a feedback hypothesis that helps to explain these causal relationships. This research demonstrates the need for Belt and Road (B.R.) energy measures to improve energy efficiency. association between the degradation of the environment and foreign direct investment (FDI), financial advancements, and globalization; this indicates that environmental rectification is progressing. Specifically, the reduction of carbon emissions is made possible by technological advances, more energy-efficient operations, and the integration of clean energy at the aggregate level. All of these factors contribute to an ecosystem that is friendlier to the environment. The results of a test to determine the direction of causation. The findings of this research provide credence to the feedback theory, which seeks to shed light on the connection between environmental degradation and either the use of energy or the inflow of foreign direct investment
The Privacy Computing for Digital Economy Development under New Technology Based on Spatial-Temporal Information Matrix, Especially among RCEP Nations

With the coming of intelligent era, the wide using of new generation information technology, such as Internet on Things, AI, Big data and Cloud computing, digital economic development is more and more prosperous for every economic entity, specially, for some emerging economic entities, such as RCEP nations. However, the problem of objective evaluation of ability of digital economic development of different nations and dependence of digital economic development among each nation are very hard but necessary under not leaking digital economic data of all parts. For solving this problem, an improvement Meta Learning approach was proposed creatively which constructed temporal dimension factor and spatial dimension factor based on spatial-temporal information matrix method. It could make knowledge transfer from source network to target network according to the orthogonal rule between temporal dimension factor and spatial dimension factor. 3 different type and smart test ways were designed in order to validate the performance of the approach of this paper comprehensively. Digital economic development data of RECP nations were collected and employed for testing. The amount and accuracy of knowledge transfer from different source network to various target network were validated one by one. The results not only validate the effectiveness of improving Meta Learning approach of this article but also reveal that the diversity of digital economy development among RECP nations but impacting tightly each other. Moreover, there also have relative contribution on opening knowledge transfer from source network to target network under privacy data not be leaked. This content would be researched at more complex industrial data forward.
Changing concepts of clotting mechanism of blood: From cascade model to cell-based model

The knowledge of the process of clotting of blood dates back to the period of Hippocrates and Aristotle. After many centuries of accumulation of knowledge, the theory of Macfarlane and Davies, which laid more importance on the protein coagulation factors in controlling the process of coagulation with cells only serving as substrates has been held as the most acceptable doctrine. The cascade model proposed by them consists of two different pathways ending in a common pathway, with less interaction between the two. The new model, called the cell-based model of coagulation, proposes highly interconnected reactions occurring over three overlapping phases called initiation phase, amplification phase, and propagation phase, with cells playing central and controlling role over the protein coagulation factors.
The Role of Grammatical Gender in Predictive Processing in Russian

Previous studies have shown that adult and child native speakers can use grammatical gender cues, in particular articles, to predict upcoming nouns in online sentence interpretation (e.g. Lew-Williams & 2010; Brouwer et al., 2017). This type of research mostly focused on Roman and West-Germanic languages. In this study we looked at gender-marked adjectives in Russian. The aim was to examine whether adult and child native speakers of Russian of varying ages can use grammatically marked adjectives to predict the upcoming noun during sentence comprehension. In a looking-while-listening paradigm, 31 adult participants and 49 2-to-7 year old children heard simple questions (e.g. Где красивый зеленый стульчик? ‘Where is the pretty masc green masc chair masc ? ’ ) and saw two pictures on the screen. One picture was the target (e.g. chair masc ) and the other the distractor of either the same (e.g. ball masc ) or different gender (e.g. hat fem ). Importantly, only when the target and distractor had the different gender the gender-marked adjective was informative. All questions had the same structure with two gender-marked adjectives followed by a noun. We hypothesised that participants would look more and faster at the target picture in the different-gender than the same-gender condition. More specifically, we examined whether they could use gender-marking anticipatorily (i.e. before the onset of the noun) or facilitatively (i.e. after the onset of the noun). We predicted that children’s anticipation ability would increase with age. Using mixed-effects logistic regression analyses, our results revealed that native Russian adults and children anticipated the upcoming noun before its onset. Moreover, the anticipation effect was stronger for the adult group than for the child group.
Disagreement-Aware Variable Impedance Control for Online Learning of Physical Human-Robot Cooperation Tasks

—In order to make the coexistence between humans and robots a reality, we must understand how they may cooperate more effectively. Modern robots, empowered with reliable controls and advanced machine learning reasoning can face this challenge. In this article, we presented a Disagreement-Aware Variable Impedance (DAVI) Controller, where the robot stiffness is regulated as a function of the perceived disagreement with the human cooperator. We tested the algorithm on a 7 DoF Franka Emika Panda robot performing the learning of a pick&place task with continuous adaptation of the goal location and the via-points with human interactive corrections, triggered by our proposed approach. A validation study was conducted with 5 users in order to understand the reliability of the method.
STOCK MARKET FORECASTING: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Prediction of stock markets is a complex and challenging task due to price data generated is huge in volume, changes every second, sensitive to human emotions (fear), actions (Wars) and natural disasters (floods, famine, earthquake). Many Methods have been used to predict the stock price like Technical Analysis, Time Series, Fundamental analysis, etc. Prediction of stock price provides knowledgeable information about the status of the stock price and will also help in decision making for the investors. Much research has been carried out in prediction of stock prices using different approaches of Machine Learning techniques, Deep Learning, Sentiment Analysis etc. This paper explores and reviews some of the recent works carried out in predicting stock prices.
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AN AUTONOMOUS WHEELCHAIR FOR DISABLED PERSONS

: In this paper, a Gesture control systems to drive a smart wheelchair is proposed. The proposed Gesture control systems permits to the user to select one of four commands to drive the wheelchair. Once a command is selected, the control system executes the selected command and, at the same time, monitors the emotional state of the user. While the user is satisfied, the selected command is still executed and when the user becomes unsatisfied, the control system will stop the wheelchair and ask the user to select another command.
Load Balancing in Data Center

Load balancing is the process of distributing network traffic across multiple servers. This ensures no single server bears too much demand. By spreading the work evenly, load balancing improves application responsiveness. It also increases availability of applications and websites for users . A cloud defines set of virtual computers connected to each other in a form of parallel and distributed system. It ensures the dynamic provision of resources based on service level agreement (SLA) to ameliorate one or more objectives. To attain this goal several research challenges have been faced in the area of cloud computing, And the Load balancing is one of them, which aim at equalizing the workload among all the obtainable nodes by minimizing execution time, minimizing communication delays, maximizing resource utilization and maximizing throughput. This paper presents variety of load balancing methods and algorithms.
Vehicular Wireless Communication Standards

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are the future of mobility. Safe and reliable AVs are required for widespread adoption by a community which is only possible if these AVs can communicate with each other & with other entities in a highly efficient way. AVs require ultra-reliable communications for safety-critical applications to ensure safe driving. Existing vehicular communication standards, i.e., IEEE 802.11p (DSRC), ITS-G5, & LTE, etc., do not meet the requirements of high throughput, ultra-high reliability, and ultra-low latency along with other issues. To address these challenges, IEEE 802.11bd & 5G NR-V2X standards provide more efficient and reliable communication, however, these standards are in the developing stage. Existing literature generally discusses the features of these standards only and does not discuss the drawbacks. Similarly, existing literature does not discuss the comparison between these standards or discusses a comparison between any two standards only. However, this work comprehensively describes different issues/challenges faced by these standards. This work also comprehensively provides a comparison among these standards along with their salient features. The work also describes spectrum management issues comprehensively, i.e., interoperability issues, co-existence with Wi-Fi, etc. The work also describes different other issues comprehensively along with recommendations. The work describes that 802.11bd and 5G NR are the two potential future standards for efficient vehicle communications; however, these standards must be able to provide backward compatibility, interoperability, and co-existence with current and previous standards.
USING CONTEXT-DEPENDENT EMBEDDING TO DERIVE FUNDAMENTAL SENTIMENTS AND EXPAND THE SCOPE OF AFFECT CONTROL THEORY

Affect control theory (ACT) is a mathematical model of culture-based action that relies on culturally-grounded model specifications to predict behaviors, emotions, and new cultural meanings that arise from local interactions. The theory has been used to make successful predictions about interpersonal social behavior, po-litical actions, social movement strategies, organizational behavior, criminal sentencing, belief transmission, and social emotions. ACT requires dictionaries of social concepts that are indexed in three-dimensions of cultural sentiment. Traditionally, the sentiments are quantified using survey data that is fed into a regression model to explain social behavior. Opportunities to expand the reach of the theory by enlarging the sentiment lexicon are limited due to prohibitive cost. This paper uses a fine-tuned Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model to develop a replacement for these surveys. We compare the performance of this model to that of several alternative embedding techniques. The new model achieves state-of-the-art accuracy in estimating affective meanings, expanding the affective lexicon, and allowing more behaviors to be explained. This model estimates affective meanings similar to running a new survey. This approach could greatly expand the ability of ACT to be applied to new substantive domains at greater speed and at a lower burden for research respondents, researchers, and funders. The sequential interactions discussed here are similar to our mentorship example It shows how understanding the interaction dynamic can help predict the consequences of behaviors. a learning rate of 2e-5 and batch size of 64. The BERT model and neural network are tuned for a few epoch. The data in the testing set is used to decide on how many iteration results in a good model. The neural network output is a 15-dimension vector that is highly correlated with the affective meaning variables. The code is available upon request to the first author.
Processing and luminescence of Eu/Dy-doped Sr 2 MgSi 2 O 7 glass-ceramics

Glass-ceramics based on the Eu/Dy-doped Sr 2 MgSi 2 O 7 phosphor have been obtained from sintering and crystallization of glass powders. Electric and gas furnaces were employed for glass melting. The doped parent glasses show red emission under excitation of UV light whereas the corresponding glass-ceramics show blue emission. The microstructure of the glass-ceramics and the crystals responsible for the blue emission were observed by scanning electron microscopy-cathodoluminescence. The composition of the crystallised phases and the distribution and incorporation of rare-earth (RE) ions into the crystals and remaining glassy phase were determined by X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray analysis, respectively. Photoluminescence emission spectra showed a main peak at 484 nm assigned to the typical Eu 2+ transitions under excitation a t 390 nm in the glass -ceramics. The presence of Dy 3+ improved persistence in the samples melted in the gas furnace. The glass-ceramics are sensitive to temperature, which modifies both the persistence time and red-blue luminescence.
Influence Of Servant Leadership On Faculty Retention In Private Higher Education Institutes (Heis): A Reflective Formative Approach

: The private higher education institutes are challenged for their resilience, sustainability, and competitive edge in the globalized knowledge-based economy in the 21st century. Faculty retention plays an important role as a catalyst for addressing the current mega developmental phenomenon faced by higher education institutes in developing countries. This study intends to explore the influence of servant leadership practice on faculty retention towards minimizing the high faculty turnover in private higher education institutes. The study employed a cross-sectional research design vis-à-vis the survey method. A sample of 341 faculty members from ten private higher education institutes in Lahore, Pakistan was selected through a proportionate random sampling technique. A close-ended questionnaire based on a seven-point Likert scale was administered as a research instrument. The study was conducted under the domain of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theory. This study also explains the evaluation of the higher-order reflective-formative construct of servant leadership and faculty retention through partial least squares structural modeling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed that servant leadership has a statistically significant influence on faculty retention in private higher education institutes in Pakistan. Thereby, we also provide a guideline to scholars, researchers, and academicians in need, when evaluating higher-order constructs. Further, up to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first systematic study on faculty retention conducted in the backdrop of servant leadership in an eastern context,
Acute Stress Disorder and Over General Autobiographical Memory: An Experimental Approach

The present study analyzes the causal association between Acute Stress Disorder and Overgeneral Autobiographical Memories. Moreover, the study analyzed the impact of emotionally valence words memory retrieval processes among participants with acute stress disorders. The study used a between subjects randomized experimental design. The participants were randomly assigned to the experimental and control group. The experimental sample for Study 1 included 25 ASD (15 male and 10 female) and 25 healthy controls (20 male and 5 female). Block randomization was used to assign the participants to different treatment blocks. Data collection was done using acute stress disorder scale and assessment of over general autobiographical memories was done using the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT) The word cues used had an emotional valence and were selected through the AMT instrument. The results showed that scores of participants on acute stress disorder and word cues significantly predicted over general autobiographical memories (B=.10, p <.01). It was also found that there were significant differences among the scores of participants with regard to acute stress disorder and exposure emotionally charged word cues. Significant mean differences in the scores were also noted between experimental and control group participants with regard to over general autobiographical memories, specific autobiographical memories and reaction time scores.
Paying twice to have it your way? The backfiring effect of mass customization on a product’s resale value

Across industries, mass customization has been hailed a winning strategy because customers are willing to pay substantially more for being able to purchase a unique product that is customized to their individual preferences. In this research, we highlight a so-far hidden downside of this strategy. Results based on a data set containing more than 500,000 cars offered on the second-hand car market suggest that customers pay a second time for customization: when selling their products. In particular, we find that the more unique a car’s color, the lower its resale value. A series of controlled follow-up experiments show that the effect is generalizable and causal. While consumer-designers are willing to pay more for more unique products, the opposite applies to customers on the second-hand market. Finally, we demonstrate that this loss can be minimized by making consumer-designers aware of the second-hand market at the time of self-customization. While consumer-designers’ willingness-to-pay for the resulting self-customized product does not change, they increase their products’ resale value by proactively considering the preferences of others in their self-customization.
Spin Orientation of Electrons Associated with the Interband Absorption of Light in Semiconductors

The dependence of the degree of orientation of the electrons, which are excited into the conduction band by circularly polarized light, on the frequency of the light is investigated theoretically. It is shown that this dependence has a sharp bend at the absorption threshold connected with the presence of the split-off valence sub-band. The spin relaxation of the electrons in crystals without an inversion center, caused by the spin splitting of the conduction band, is considered. In the case of rapid spin relaxation, the steady-state orientation of the electrons may vanish even before the absorption threshold connected with the split-off sub-band is reached, In this connection, after the threshold is reached the spin orientation must appear again, but its sign is opposite to the sign it had before threshold. The polarization of the radiation which arises upon recombination of the oriented electrons with holes is considered.