Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computer Simulation of Bioprocess

Bioprocess optimization is important in order to make the bioproduction process more efficient and economic. The conventional optimization methods are costly and less efficient. On the other hand, modeling and computer simulation can reveal the mecha- nisms behind the phenomenon to some extent, to assist the deep analysis and efficient optimization of bioprocesses. In this chapter, modeling and computer simulation of microbial growth and metabolism kinetics, bioreactor dynamics, bioreactor feedback control will be made to show the application methods and the usefulness of modeling and computer simulation methods in optimization of the bioprocess technology.
An Automated and Controlled Numerical Precision Reduction Framework for GPUs

Reducing the precision of floating-point values is an effective approach to achieve higher performance as well as higher energy-efficiency. This is especially true for GPUs, since many of its common tasks are inherently insensitive to precision-reduction. A substantially lower bitwidth can open up for many novel microarchitectural optimizations such as resource-efficient register files, functional units, and cache memory subsystems. However, to reduce the precision of floating-point values in a controlled manner, a connection has to be established between the application and the microarchitecture, since it is decided at the application level if deviations from the exact answer is tolerable. This thesis proposes a GPU framework which establishes such a connection. The first part of the framework consists of a method for automatically selecting an appropriate precision for each floating-point value given the tolerable output deviation. The results show that by allowing a small, but acceptable, degradation of output quality, the number of bits needed to represent the floating-point values can be significantly reduced. The second part of the framework is a novel GPU register file organization together with a register allocation algorithm capable of leveraging the precision-reduced floats given by the first part of the framework. The register allocation algorithm uses the precision-reduced floats to lower the register footprint of each thread. This is of great importance for GPUs since, unlike traditional CPU architectures, GPUs hide latency by keeping a large number of threads in flight simultaneously. Also, to enable fast context switching, the state of all active threads are readily available in the register file. As the thread register footprint limits the number of active threads, it might impede latency hiding. Our evaluation shows that the increase in active threads is translated into a significant performance improvement when using our proposed GPU register file organization, for a smaller cost than increasing the number of threads by using a larger register file.
A Study on Customers’ Perception and Readiness to Accept E-Shopping in Uganda

Whereas E-Shopping has been accepted worldwide due to its capability and flexibility to ease the shopping process in terms of costs, time, risks and quickly identifying products of interest among others, supermarkets customers in Uganda have failed adopt e-shopping. Supermarkets have showed readiness to operate the e-shopping system, through availing the required processes and infrastructure like internet, websites, visa cards, credit card readers among others, but customers have been reluctant to easily accept the new technology. This could be attributed to lack of awareness, negative perceptions and mistrust in the e-shopping system. The purpose of the study was to customers’ perceptions and readiness to accept e-shopping in Uganda. A questionnaire was designed and tested for validity and reliability before it was administered in collecting data. A total of 207 questionnaires were fully filled in and analyzed. The researchers used descriptive statistics together with correlation and regression methods to analyze the collected data. Results reveal a positive significant relationship between Perception and readiness to accept e-shopping (r= .637 ** , p<.01), which means perception influences readiness to accept e-shopping. This reveals that when customers perceive e-shopping positively, probably they will be ready to accept e-shopping. The study concludes that perception is very important in acceptance of e-shopping. This is also because of the positive significant relationship between customer perception and readiness to accept e-shopping. The way the customers perceive e-shopping in terms of usefulness, ease of use and the risks attached to it influences their readiness to accept it. Since perception had a positive relationship with readiness to accept e-shopping, customers perception towards supermarkets that are preparing to adopt e-shopping should be considered especially those concerning the way they perceive the usefulness of the shopping technology, its simplicity in the process of using it and whether customers will be able to operate it or not. Having a positive perception on these issues will psychologically prepare them to adopt e- shopping. Keywords: Customer perception, e-Shopping, Customer readiness, Adoption, Supermarkets
A Framework for Understanding the Motivations for Inter-Organisational Systems Adoption: an empirical assessment

The adoption of inter-organisational systems (IOS) has been reported to be slow in the industry. The slow diffusion of IOS has attracted considerable research attention. However, little has been done to address why organisations adopt these systems. We argue that IOS adoption is contingent upon how the motivations for adoption arise in organisations. We also suggest that the activities initiated by organisations to introduce IOS successfully are related to the organisation’s motivations for IOS adoption. To this end, a model of motivations for IOS adoption is proposed and some empirical evidence drawn from four case studies is presented. The findings indicate that the logical deductions drawn from the model in broad terms are consistent with the actual IOS adoption experiences of the case organisations.
Species limits and distribution of the Malagasy carnivoran genus Eupleres (Family Eupleridae)

Abstract A review was conducted of members of the endemic Malagasy carnivoran genus Eupleres (family Eupleridae) based on published and unpublished records and museum specimens. Classically, one species has been recognized in this poorly known genus – E. goudotii, divided into two geographical forms with non-overlapping distributions: E. g. goudotii distributed in the mesic forests of the east and E. g. major found in the dry areas of the northwest. Drawing on external and craniodental comparisons, we demonstrate that these two forms are highly distinctive morphologically and can be readily distinguished from each another. Furthermore, there is some evidence that they both can occur on the slopes of Montagne d'Ambre in the far north of the island. On this basis, we recognize these taxa as distinct species, E. goudotii and E. major.
Evaluation of gastric evacuation and digestion of extruded pellet composed of a single protein source for juvenile red seabream Pagrus major

In order to characterize the properties of protein sources, we prepared extruded pellets (EPs) which were composed of only a single protein source: fish meal (FM), pork meal (PM), blood meal (BM), corn meal (CM), soybean protein concentrate (SP), or soybean meal (SM), evaluated the gastric evacuation rate (GER) of red seabream Pagrus major juveniles, and determined the degree of undigested protein of the test EPs with gut enzyme extract. GER was highest in SM diet among the test EPs in order SM>BM>SP>CM>FM>PM diets, and SP diet tended to have a high GER value, suggesting that the soybean protein advances gastric evacuation. BM and SM diets had a low degree of digestion with gut enzyme extract, and this was due to their inhibitory activities. These diets had higher GER, suggesting that a high amount of indigestible protein in the diet may promote gastric evacuation. The concentration of triglycerides and free amino acids in serum of red seabream fed test EPs was measured as an index of absorption of dietary nutrients. The triglyceride and free amino acid levels showed different patterns depending on the protein source. These results suggest that the protein sources influence protein and lipid digestion and absorption.
On Bounds for the Smallest and the Largest Eigenvalues of GCD and LCM Matrices

In this paper, we study the eigenvalues of the GCD matrix $(S_n)$ and the LCM matrix $[S_n]$ defined on $S_n=\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$. We present upper and lower bounds for the smallest and the largest eigenvalues of $(S_n)$ and $[S_n]$ in terms of particular arithmetical functions.
A Generalized Dressing Approach for Solving the Extended KP and the Extended mKP Hierarchy

A combination of dressing method and variation of constants as well as a formula for constructing the eigenfunction is used to solve the extended KP hierarchy, which is a hierarchy with one more series of time flow and based on the symmetry constraint of KP hierarchy. Similarly, extended mKP hierarchy is formulated and its zero-curvature form, Lax representation, and reductions are presented. Via gauge transformation, it is easy to transform dressing solutions of extended KP hierarchy to the solutions of extended mKP hierarchy. Wronskian solutions of extended KP and extended mKP hierarchies are constructed explicitly.
A Simple Gold Nanoprobe Assay for the Identification of Staphylococcus Aureus, Listeria Monocytogenes and Salmonella Enteritidis in Food Specimens

In the present study, we developed a gold nanoprobe assay, which relies on the colorimetric differentiation of specific DNA sequences, based on different aggregation profiles. We evaluated the assay on DNA extracted from pathogen cultures and from contaminated food specimens. The targets used were the femA gene for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus, the hly gene of the Listeria monocytogenes listeriolysin and the invA sequence for Salmonella spp. Comparison was performed with the reference assay, as described in the respective ISO guidelines for each pathogen, and a direct PCR amplification and detection. The minimum detection limit of the assay was defined at 123 fg/μL DNA, for all species, lower than PCR detection. Specificity was 100%. Sensitivity was 100%, as compared το the reference method, whereas the sensitivity of PCR was 93.3%. The evaluated assay could be used as a sensitive screening method, which does not require major infrastructure, for the detection and identification of pathogens in food specimens. In addition, it can accommodate detection of multiplespecies,thus allowing multiplexingand expedite turnaround time.
Induced absorption dynamics in quantum dot based waveguide electroabsorbers

Two-color pump-probe measurements are used to study the carrier dynamics of InAs/GaAs quantum dots in a waveguide structure under reverse bias conditions. For the case of initially populating the ground state (GS), we find relaxation dynamics that include both absorptive and bleaching components in the excited state (ES) wavelength range. We reproduce the main features of this induced absorption dynamics using a simple model with an additional term for induced absorption at the ES due to carriers injected at the GS. The induced absorption dynamics includes multiple recovery timescales which can be attributed to phonon-assisted processes of GS/ES interaction.
Effect of water deficit stress on proline contents, soluble sugars, chlorophyll and grain yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids

The objective of the present work was to determine the mechanisms of tolerance of four sunflower hybrids; H1 = Azargol, H 2 = Alstar, H 3 = Hysun 33 and H 4 = Hysun 25 to water stress under three different levels of irrigation regimes; WD 1 = irrigation after 50 mm (normal irrigation), WD 2 = 100 mm (mild stress) and WD 3 = 150 mm (intense stress) cumulative evaporation from evaporation pan class A. The results showed that water deficit stress significantly (P ≤0.01) increased proline, soluble sugars and chlorophyll b but decreased chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll and grain yield in all sunflower hybrids; therefore increase of the proline, soluble sugar, chlorophyll b and decrease of the chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll and grain yield occurred when water input decreased. Although, at different level of water stress, each hybrid behaved differently according to their genetic makeup. Alstar hybrid exhibited the highest value for all the mentioned characteristics, except for soluble sugars. Under both mild and intense water deficit stress conditions, the highest value of proline, soluble sugars, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were recorded in Alster, Azargol, Hysun 33 and Alstar hybrids, respectively. Also, the highest value of total chlorophyll in both mild and intense water deficit stress conditions was acquired by Hysun33 and Alstar, respectively. The results also indicated that under normal irrigation, mild and intense water deficit stress, maximum grain yield was obtained in Azargol (3448 kg ha -1 ), Alstar (2121 kg ha -1 ) and Alstar (829 kg ha -1 ), respectively. Therefore, among all of sunflower hybrids, Alstar hybrid under both levels of water deficit stress had the best tolerance to water deficiency stress.
Resolution enhancement techniques for high-speed folding and interpolating A / D converters

The folding and interpolating architecture is a promising candidate for future high-speed analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). It inherits speed advantages from the ﬂash architecture, but requires fewer ampliﬁers and comparators than the ﬂash counterpart. Furthermore, except for the front-end sample-and-hold circuit, folding ADCs usually only need low complexity analog building blocks, such as simple open-loop diﬀerential ampliﬁers. This makes the folding ADCs amenable to low voltage operation, and hence more suitable for deep sub-micron CMOS processes. After a detailed investigation of possible error sources in the folding architecture, it is found that the achievable resolution of folding ADCs is heavily limited by the poor matching properties of diﬀerential pairs and current mirrors in CMOS technologies. To maintain reasonable oﬀsets, fairly large transistor sizes are inevitable, which leads to low sampling rates or high power consumption. In order to enhance the resolution of the folding architecture, but maintain the speed and power consumption, two diﬀerent techniques, oﬀset cancellation and digital calibration, are proposed. To demonstrate these two techniques, two prototypes have been implemented in a 0.13 µ m CMOS technology with a supply voltage of only 1.2 V. The ﬁrst prototype is a 10 bits 200 MS/s folding and interpolating ADC. Two preampliﬁer stages, which employ an open-loop auto-zeroing technique to cancel their own oﬀsets, are inserted before two folding stages. They provide suﬃcient gain to overcome the oﬀsets vii
Understanding radiotherapy and its potential for use in novel combination trials

Grade 2: Approximately 10–15% of gliomas. These are divided by histological subtype: astrocytoma (approx. 40%), oligoastrocytoma (approx. 10–15%) and oligodendroglioma (approx. 45%). 5-year survival rates are between 65% and 80%, 10-year survival between 30% and 50%. Oligodendrogliomas are associated with the best outcomes. Neurosurgical resection or debulking is performed where the risks of neurological deficit are low. Because of the high risk of late neurotoxicity, radiotherapy is generally deferred until necessary. Indications for radiotherapy include uncontrolled symptoms (including seizures) and clinical or radiological signs of disease progression or imminent transformation to higher grade. Optimum radiotherapy dose remains uncertain; recommended regimes vary between 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions (BR13/EORTC 22033 trial dose) and 55 Gy in 33 fractions. Chemotherapy (PCV [procarbazine, lomustine, vincristine] or temozolomide) may be used for disease control and to defer radiotherapy. Oligodendrogliomas are thought to be more chemosensitive than other subtypes. Up to 70% of grade 2 oligodendrogliomas exhibit 1p/19q chromosomal deletions; this genotype is associated with improved survival and is thought to further increase chemosensitivity, although this remains unproven. Grade 3: Incidence has been difficult to document because of inconsistent histological classification; estimates vary between 6 and 30% of gliomas. Tumours are classified as anaplastic astrocytoma (AA, two-thirds of cases), anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (AOA, approx. 15%) and anaplastic
Deterministic models and identification of their parameters

ABSTRACT This article deals with a possibility to identify parameters of a selected growth model of two populations coupled by a predator-prey interaction from a set of observed data. It starts with a brief description of the Gause-type model and of a property (interior equilibrium stability) important from a point of view of an application. Subsequently, data for four forms of the trophic function are simulated and then, a noise was added to the simulated data such that the coefficients of variation equal to 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4. For each data set, the parameters are estimated using a procedure implemented in the R-language package and the coordinates of equilibrium are computed. Then we can evaluate the effect of changing variation to the values of parameters and (un)stability of the equilibrium.
Quantitative proteomic analysis for radiation-induced cell cycle suspension in 921 melanoma cell line

Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China Biochemistry and Molecular Laboratory, Medical College of Henan University, Henan 475000, China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-555, Japan *Corresponding author. 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China. Tel: +86-931-4969164; Fax: +86-931-4969164; E-mail: zhougm@impcas.ac. cn Fengling Wang and Zhitong Bing contributed equally to this work.
Merced Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society Title Different Classes of Words Are Learned in Different Ways Permalink

What determines vocabulary growth patterns? The research presented here examines the growth pattern of words listed in the McArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory using a computational model. Our model characterizes vocabulary growth curves based on the sampling of learning relevant events and a threshold (the number of such events needed) for acquisition of the word. Using this general class of models, fits of vocabulary growth curves suggests a transition from one in which acquisition is primarily limited by the threshold for acquisition to one in which acquisition is primarily limited by sampling speed. Further analyses suggest that these parameters of the learning model link to meaningful psychological factors: specifically the acquisition of threshold limited (and earlier learned) words are correlated with frequency whereas sampling-speed-limited words are correlated with imageability of the word in the input.
Formation and characterization of Au–Ag bimetallic nanoparticles in water-in-oil microemulsions

Gold–silver bimetallic nanoparticles with varying mole fractions were synthesized in water-in-oil microemulsions of water/Aerosol OT/isooctane by the co-reduction of HAuCl4 and AgNO3 with hydrazine at 25 °C. TEM analysis revealed that the bimetallic nanoparticles were essentially monodisperse and had a mean diameter of 4–22 nm, increasing with an increase in the molar ratio of water to Aerosol OT (ω0) and Ag content. The UV/VIS absorption spectra of their solutions exhibited only one plasmon absorption and the absorption maximum of the plasmon band red-shifted almost linearly from 400 to 520 nm with increasing Au ∶ Ag molar ratio, revealing the formation of an alloy. Although the characteristic peaks for Au and Ag were too close to distinguish, the XRD analysis showed that the characteristic peaks for a Au–Ag bimetallic systems became broader and accordingly suggested the formation of bimetallic nanoparticles. The EDX analysis confirmed directly the formation of Au–Ag bimetallic nanoparticles. It showed that the composition of Au–Ag bimetallic nanoparticles was in good agreement with that of the feed solution but the outer layer of the particles was enriched in Ag. The HRTEM study indicated the resultant Au–Ag bimetallic nanoparticles contained single and multiple twins as well as stacking faults, and no mismatch was present. In addition, it was found that the formation rate of Au nanoparticles was much faster than that of Ag nanoparticles. This satisfactorily accounted for the composition distribution within a Au–Ag bimetallic nanoparticle.
Lithium-ion battery models: a comparative study and a model-based powerline communication

Abstract. In this work, various Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery models are evaluated according to their accuracy, complexity and physical interpretability. An initial classification into physical, empirical and abstract models is introduced. Also known as white , black and grey boxes, respectively, the nature and characteristics of these model types are compared. Since the Li-ion battery cell is a thermo-electro-chemical system, the models are either in the thermal or in the electrochemical state-space. Physical models attempt to capture key features of the physical process inside the cell. Empirical models describe the system with empirical parameters offering poor analytical, whereas abstract models provide an alternative representation. In addition, a model selection guideline is proposed based on applications and design requirements. A complex model with a detailed analytical insight is of use for battery designers but impractical for real-time applications and in situ diagnosis. In automotive applications, an abstract model reproducing the battery behavior in an equivalent but more practical form, mainly as an equivalent circuit diagram, is recommended for the purpose of battery management. As a general rule, a trade-off should be reached between the high fidelity and the computational feasibility. Especially if the model is embedded in a real-time monitoring unit such as a microprocessor or a FPGA, the calculation time and memory requirements rise dramatically with a higher number of parameters. Moreover, examples of equivalent circuit models of Lithium-ion batteries are covered. Equivalent circuit topologies are introduced and compared according to the previously introduced criteria. An experimental sequence to model a 20 Ah cell is presented and the results are used for the purposes of powerline communication.
Influence of Temperature and Host Plant Condition on Preimaginal Development and Survival In The Sorghum Shootfly Atherigona Soccata

Abstract—Temperature-time and temperature-velocity equations are given for egg, larval and pupal stages of the sorghum shootfly, Atherigona soccata. Preimaginal development (from egg deposition to adult emergence) on sorghum CSH-1 seedlings lasted 19.5, 26.3, 33.8 and 76.8 days at 30, 25, 20 and 15°C, respectively. The sorghum shootfly showed optimal development and survival at 30°C. Lower threshold temperatures were 13.8, 10.2 and 11.8°C for the egg, larva and pupa, respectively. Host plant condition affected larval development and survival; pupal weight was higher and larval mortality lower in insects reared on fertilized and normally watered seedlings than on unfertilized and water stressed seedlings.