Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DETERMINATION OF AFLATOXIN M1 LEVEL IN MILK AND SOME DAIRY PRODUCTS

The present study was carried out in the laboratory of agricultural microbiology Department, faculty of agriculture, Zagazig University, Egypt, in summer and winter seasons 2013 and 2014. In order to study the aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contamination in milk, kareish cheese and yoghurt. AFMI was detected in raw milk in only 10 out of 12 samples (83.3%) in each season. Winter season had higher AFMI concentration than summer season with the mean values of 311.8 and 207.0 ng/l, respectively. AFMI was detected in all samples of kareish cheese (24 samples) in summer as well as in winter season. Winter season had higher AFMI concentration than summer season with average values of 651.36 and 527.40 ng/kg, respectively. The present results observed that 83.33% of cheese sample examined exceeding the limits of EU (50 ng/kg), and (70.83%) of cheese samples examined exceeding the limits of codex (500 ng/kg) in both summer and winter seasons. In yoghurt, the AFMI did not detect in 3 out of 12 samples of yoghurt tested. In summer season the positive samples ranged from 31.46 to 66.05 ng/kg with average of 39.13 ng/kg. AFMI did not detect in only one out of 12 samples tested in winter season. Also, the positive samples ranged from 56.6 to 84.14 ng/kg with an average of 64.68 ng/kg. Cheese had a higher concentration of AFMI than both raw milk and yoghurt. Also, yoghurt had the lowest concentration of AFMI comparing to raw milk and cheese. Heating treatments reduced the concentrations of AFMI in all raw milk samples tested. Boiling caused 26.71% degradion of AFMI, whereas pasteurization caused only 15.45% degredation. In yoghurt, two strains of probiotic bacteria ( lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis ) individually were gradually reduced the concentration of AFMI in contaminated milk with 25 ppt, as a function of time with complete elimination by the end of storage period (3 days) at refrigerator, while the cocktail of the two strains showed more ability for reducing AFMI. Both probiotic bacteria ( L. acidophilus and B. lactis ) showed more ability for reducing AFMI in contaminated milk with 50.0 ppt or 75 ppt.The most important reductions of AFMI concentration were 41.80 ppt (45.3%), 2.6 ppt (69.90%) and 7.12 ppt (92.8%) which achieved by using the same concentration individually of each strain and in combination, respectively, in contaminated milk with 75ppt after two days. No AFMI was detected using combined strains after three days.
The Role of Emotion in Visual Communication of Risk – Differences Between Designers and Users

The primary aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences in emotional responses between designers and users when interpreting visual messages about health risks. Six graphic warnings for cigarette packets will be introduced in Taiwan to increase public awareness of health risks associated with smoking, and these formed the materials for this study. Emotional responses elicited by these graphic warnings in both designers and users were measured using a Chinese translation of the abbreviated PAD Emotion Scales. The results suggest there are differences between the emotional responses of designers and users. A significant difference was found on the Arousal scale, with users scoring higher. In addition, differences between the groups were observed in 5 out of 12 individual items, and there were some effects of participant sex. to those six graphic warnings for cigarette packets. The results reveal that there was no significant difference on the Pleasure scale (t (203) =1.34, n.s) and on the Dominance scale (t (203) =-1.72, n.s. ) between designers and users. On the other hand, a significant difference was found on the Arousal scale (t (203) =-2.86, sig. ) between designers and users. The mean score for designers was 3.19, which was compared to users whose mean score was 3.55.
Verifying UML-RT Model of a Conveyor Belt System with nuXmv Model Checker

Conveyor belt system is a convenient and reliable system used in automated distribution of goods and merchandise. The eﬀective-ness of merging items from multiple induction lines onto one main line is one of the important aspects in implementing such a labour-saving system. One way of ensuring correctness and reliability for such a sys-tem is by introducing model-checking at design level. In this paper, a simple conveyor belt system is ﬁrst modelled using Papyrus-RT, which is an implementation of the UML-RT modelling language. Then, based on a set of translation rules, this model is mechanically translated into the nuXmv symbolic model checker for property veriﬁcation. Counter examples are presented in case of incorrect properties or failures inside the model, along with a log trace comparison indicating time-dependent inconsistencies between nuXmv and Papyrus-RT models.
A course in financial calculus

Finance provides a dramatic example of the successful application of advanced mathematical techniques to the practical problem of pricing financial derivatives. This self-contained 2002 text is designed for first courses in financial calculus aimed at students with a good background in mathematics. Key concepts such as martingales and change of measure are introduced in the discrete time framework, allowing an accessible account of Brownian motion and stochastic calculus: proofs in the continuous-time world follow naturally. The Black-Scholes pricing formula is first derived in the simplest financial context. The second half of the book is then devoted to increasing the financial sophistication of the models and instruments. The final chapter introduces more advanced topics including stock price models with jumps, and stochastic volatility. A valuable feature is the large number of exercises and examples, designed to test technique and illustrate how the methods and concepts can be applied to realistic financial questions.
Isolation to Homogeneity and Partial Characterization of a Histo-blood Group A Defined Fuccvl+2Gal cul+3-N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase from Human Lung Tissue*

The soluble histo-blood group A glycosyltransferase (Fuc(~l-+Galal+3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransfer-ase) was purified -600,000-fold to homogeneity from human lung tissue. The enzyme was solubilized in 1% Triton X-100, partially purified by affinity chroma- tography on Sepharose 4B, and eluted with UDP. Final purification was obtained by twice repeated fast pro- tein liquid chromatography ion exchange (Mono STM) with NaCl gradient elution and reverse-phase chro- matography (proRPC) with acetonitrile gradient elution.
Surface Modiﬁcation of Nanocrystalline LiMn 2 O 4 Using Graphene Oxide Flakes

: In this work, a facile, wet chemical synthesis was utilized to achieve a series of lithium manganese oxide (LiMn 2 O 4 , (LMO) with 1–5%wt. graphene oxide (GO) composites. The average crystallite sizes estimated by the Rietveld method of LMO/GO nanocomposites were in the range of 18–27 nm. The electrochemical performance was studied using CR2013 coin-type cell batteries prepared from pristine LMO material and LMO modiﬁed with 5%wt. GO. Synthesized materials were tested as positive electrodes for Li-ion batteries in the voltage range between 3.0 and 4.3 V at room temperature. The speciﬁc discharge capacity after 100 cycles for LMO and LMO/5%wt. GO were 84 and 83 mAh g − 1 , respectively. The LMO material modiﬁed with 5%wt. of graphene oxide ﬂakes retained more than 91% of its initial speciﬁc capacity, as compared with the 86% of pristine LMO material.
Calibration—An open challenge in creating practical computational-and compressive-sensing systems

—The goal of this manuscript (and associated talk) is not to present any recent experimental results from my laboratory. Rather, the purpose is to elucidate why I believe that calibration is one of the few remaining signiﬁcant challenges in the struggle to create a wide range of practical computational sensing and compressive sensing (CS) systems. Toward this end, I brieﬂy describe the fundamental and implementation difﬁculties associated with calibration as well as the existing calibration approaches and their associated limitations before sketching the theoretical question that must be addressed in order to solve the calibration challenge
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM SCHEMES BASED ON BLOCK CODES

: Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite based positioning system based on radio ranging technique. The GPS will provide very accurate three-dimensional position, velocity and timing information to users anywhere in the world. GPS can also be used in other applications such as vehicle monitoring for traffic management in urban areas, Geographical Information System (GIS), 4G Communications, marine navigation, search and rescue and military applications. As GPS accuracy is limited by ionospheric effects, this course also covers the basics of ionosphere and its effects on GPS. Navigation is the art of directing a vehicle such as aircraft or a person from one point to another point. Some of the prominent advantages of the GPS are: Land based system problems like ground reflections, electromagnetic interference, reflections from physical systems are avoided in GPS since it is space constellation, Intentional interference like jamming, unintentional interference will not affect GPS since spread spectrum techniques are used in it, System accuracy can be improved to the order of centimeters using differential techniques, Smaller size and reduced cost of the GPS receiver enable it to be used in 3G Communication. In this paper, a literature review of existing GPS schemes based on block codes that mainly targets towards finding out the tolerance to signals from other GPS satellites sharing the same frequency band (multiple access capability), analyzing the tolerance to some level of multipath interference, there are many potential sources of multipath reflection (example man-made or natural object) and finding out the tolerance to reasonable levels of unintentional or intentional interference, jamming or spoofing by signal designed to mimic a GPS signal.
Line-Wise Optimal Power Flow Using Successive Linear Optimization Technique

Optimal power flow (OPF) is an important power systems optimization tool. However, due to the inherent nonlinearity of the solution space, OPF methods may yield a local optimal solution, leading to economic loss. For this reason, an OPF remains a major research topic. Changing power balance equations can change the solution space, alter solution time, and create a chance of reaching a better solution. In this paper, a new simple line-wise optimal power flow (LWOPF) formulation is proposed using line-wise power balance equations and solved using the successive linear programming (SLP) technique. The study results on nine different test systems, up to a 9 241-bus real power system, show that the proposed method is accurate, provides monotonic convergence, scales well for large systems and is consistently faster, up to twice the speed of MATPOWER and other proven bus-wise SLP approaches to solve the OPF.
Development and Psychometric Validation of a Questionnaire to Evaluate Knowledge and Attitude Towards Medication Error Reporting Among Pharmacists

Purpose: Assessment of medication errors (ME) is crucial to improving the quality of health care. A questionnaire that can be used to explore pharmacists ’ perspectives regarding ME would be very useful as part of an ongoing process of quality improvement in patient care. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire to measure perceived causes of ME and attitude towards ME reporting among pharmacists. Methods: The questionnaire was developed from the literature together with outcomes from focus group discussions. It was divided into two domains which are knowledge on ME and attitude towards ME reporting. Content validity index (I-CVI), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Cronbach alpha and intraclass correlation coef ﬁ cient (ICC) to assess test – retest reliability were obtained during the validation process. Results: Overall Cronbach alpha for internal consistency was good (0.742), where subscale of the questionnaire demonstrated adequate internal consistency, with Cronbach alpha value 0.83 for knowledge and 0.70 for reporting behaviour attitude. The I-CVI showed good scores (knowledge=0.88) and (attitude=0.81), while ICC was moderately accepted with a value of 0.77. Two factors were extracted from the 16 items in EFA. Conclusion: The questionnaire to assess knowledge on ME and attitude towards ME reporting among pharmacists is valid and reliable. It demonstrates good psychometric properties.
A history of astronomy from 1890 to the present

1 * The Sun.- Early Work. - The Temperature of the Sun and its Generation of Energy. - The Corona. - Sunspots and the Disturbed Sun.- The Quiet Sun and the Interplanetary Plasma. - The Solar Constant. - The Solar Spectrum. - 2 * The Moon. - Early Work. - The Surface. - The Origin and Subsequent History of the Moon. - 3 * The Origin of the Solar System. - Early Theories. - Collisions and Close Encounters. - Condensing Nebulae Re-examined. - 4 * The Terrestrial Planets. - Mercury. - Venus. - The Earth. - Mars. - 5 * The Gas Giants. - Jupiter. - Saturn. - Uranus. - Neptune. - 6 * Small Bodies of the Solar System. - Pluto. - The Asteroids. - Comets. - Meteorites. - 7 * Stellar Evolution and Stellar Structures. - Early Work. - The Luminosity of Stars. - The Harvard Classification. - Initial Evolutionary Ideas. - Ionisation and the Abundance of Hydrogen in Stellar Atmospheres. - The Surface Temperature of Stars. - The Internal Structure of Stars. - The Source of Energy in Stars. - The MKK and BCD Classification Systems. - Later Evolutionary Ideas. - Stellar Populations. - 8 * Variable and Double Stars. - Early Work. - Short Period Variables. - Long Period Variables. - Irregular Variables. - Flare Stars. - Eclipsing Binaries. - Non-Eclipsing Binaries. - 9 * Young Stars, Old Stars and Stellar Explosions. - Young Stars. - Pulsars. - Novae and Supernovae. - Black Holes. - 10 * The Milky Way. - Early Work. - Dimensions and Structure. - The Interstellar Medium. - Nebulae in the Milky Way. - 11 * Galaxies. - The Nature and Distance of Spiral Nebulae. - Red Shifts. - Quasars. - Dwarf Galaxies. - Galactic Evolution. - 12 * Cosmology. - Early Cosmological Theories. - Revisions to the Hubble Constant. - The Microwave Background Radiation. - The Missing Mass. - 13 * Optical Telescopes and Observatories. - Early Telescopes. - Early Observatories. - The Transition to Reflectors. - The Harvard College Observatory. - Mount Wilson. - Palomar Mountain and the 200 inch. - Schmidt Telescopes. - South Africa. - KittPeak. - The Multi-Mirror Telescope. - Mauna Kea. - LaPalma. - The Anglo-Australian Observatory. - The European Southern Observatory. - 14 * Tools and Techniques. - Photography. - Spectroscopy. - Photometry. - Other Tools and Techniques. - 15 * Radio Astronomy. - Early Radio Astronomy. - Radio Telescopes. - 16 * Space Research. - Results from Early Sounding Rockets. - Sputniks and the Formation of NASA. - The Race to the Moon. - Early Solar Plasma Research. - Missions to the Terrestrial Planets. - Pioneers 10 and 11. - Voyagers 1 and 2. - The Halley Intercepts. - Orbital Observatories. - 17 * Modern Astronomy in Context. - 1890-1914. - 1914-1939. - 1939-1970. - 1970 to the Present. - References and Further Reading. - Units. - General Abbreviations Used. - The Greek Alphabet. - Name Index.
A New Model for Hard Braking Vehicles and Collision Avoiding Trajectories

—In this paper, we propose a new model to describe vehicle dynamics in full braking situations with collision avoiding motions. By combining the equations of the classic Ackermann- Model with conditions that ensure a stable vehicle movement during simultaneous heavy braking and turning motions, we derive a model that describes the set of controllable trajectories. We describe these trajectories by compound motion equations in the x, y plane that are directly computable. We discuss our model regarding uncertainties and their effect on reachability analysis of vehicles in admissible scenarios, to show the feasibility of our solution. We compare our model to the well known Constant-Turn- Rate-And-Acceleration-Model which is computationally more expensive and less precise. By considering uncertainties of the parameters used in our model, we show a way to estimate the reachable area of a hard braking vehicle.
Building task-specific stance identification models: an evaluation of the active learning approach

Training models to perform stance identification requires large annotated corpora that are not always available, especially in a research setting where researchers must collect and annotate data from scratch. Active learning is a technique for reducing the number of texts that are required to train a model, but while it has been studied for decades, most of the papers that test the effectiveness of this approach in a natural language processing scenario rely on already made and well known datasets like the IMDB Movie Reviews Dataset [9]. In this paper we test different active learning approaches in a scenario where task-specific training data needs to be developed from scratch. We collected and annotated tweets about vaccination to build our own dataset, and trained a model using different active learning pool-based strategies to see if active learning can be a viable strategy for building task specific stance identification models.
Nucleotide Sequence and Functions of the oriT Operon in Incll Plasmid R64

Two transfer genes of IncIl plasmid R64, tentatively designated nikA and nikB, were cloned and sequenced. They are located adjacent to the origin of transfer (oriT) and appear to be organized into an operon, which we call the oriT operon. On the basis of the DNA sequence, nikA and nikB were concluded to encode proteins with 110 and 899 amino acid residues, respectively. Complementation analysis indicated that these two genes are indispensable for the transfer of R64 but are not required for the mobilization of ColEl. By the maxicell procedure, the product of nikA was found to be a 15-kDa protein. On treating a cleared lysate prepared from cells harboring a plasmid containing oriT, nikA, and nikB with sodium dodecyl sulfate or proteinase K, superhelical plasmid DNA in the cleared lysate was converted to an open circular form (relaxation). Relaxation of plasmid DNA was found to require the oriT sequence in cis and the nikA and nikB sequences in trans. It would thus follow that the products of nikA and nikB genes form a relaxation complex with plasmid DNA at the oriT site.
Correspondence On improving the implementation of automatic updating of systematic reviews

To the Editor, In their recent work, Martin et al. proposed an open source online tool to help update systematic reviews. The authors use a combination of machine learning and crowd-sourcing approaches to propose and assess trials that might need to be included in the update. Bibliographic databases and the ClinicalTrials.gov registry are searched for new trials to complement the updates proposed by registered users. We believe that this work provides a very useful tool for facilitating and automating some parts of the systematic review process, which are usually time-consuming. The proposed interface is clear, user-friendly, and easy to navigate; the authors make their data freely available for registered users, so that it can be re-used in future research. We believe that this work is of high importance, and we would like to ask for some clarifications and to provide some suggestions on how to improve the system.
OP-MOLB210230 5051..5065

Throughout its distribution across Eurasia, domestic pig (Sus scrofa) populations have acquired differences through natural and artificial selection, and have often interbred. We resequenced 80 Eurasian pigs from nine different Asian and European breeds; we identify 42,288 reliable SNPs on the Y chromosome in a panel of 103 males, among which 96.1% are newly detected. Based on these new data, we elucidate the evolutionary history of pigs through the lens of the Y chromosome. We identify two highly divergent haplogroups: one present only in Asia and one fixed in Europe but present in some Asian populations. Analyzing the European haplotypes present in Asian populations, we find evidence of three independent waves of introgression from Europe to Asia in last 200 years, agreeing well with the literature and historical records. The diverse European lineages were brought in China by humans and left significant imprints not only on the autosomes but also on the Y chromosome of geographically and genetically distinct Chinese pig breeds. We also find a general excess of European ancestry on Y chromosomes relative to autosomes in Chinese pigs, an observation that cannot be explained solely by sex-biased migration and genetic drift. The European Y haplotype is associated with leaner meat production, and we hypothesize that the European Y chromosome increased in frequency in Chinese populations due to artificial selection. We find evidence of Y chromosomal gene flow between Sumatran wild boar and Chinese pigs. Our results demonstrate how human-mediated admixture and selection shaped the distribution of modern swine Y chromosomes.
Feasibility of Geomagnetic Localization and Geomagnetic RatSLAM

—The need for accurate indoor localization increases as we get used to accessible outdoor localization, and the number of applications depending on localization grows. Indoor localiza- tion is challenging because of frequent line of sight obstructions and dynamic changes in the environment. Magnetometers can be found in many modern electronic devices and provide a simple way to measure the geomagnetic ﬁeld intensity. Due to distortions in this magnetic ﬁeld, these measurements often provide enough information to enable identiﬁcation of a location using pattern matching. We show the feasibility of using these magnetic ﬁeld intensity measurements in localization and SLAM applications. Our SLAM system of choice is the biologically inspired RatSLAM, as it allows pattern matching as scene recognition. We demonstrate a number of experiments in various environments, including a suburban house and a university lab. We conclude that geomagnetic localization and SLAM are feasible in environments with many distortions in the magnetic ﬁeld. Such locations are easier to identify than locations with little distortions, which will have the same pattern of magnetic ﬁeld over larger areas.
Biosynthesis and Characterization of Nanoparticles

Biological synthesis of nanoparticles has emerged as rapidly developing research area in nanotechnology across the globe with various biological entities being employed in production of nanoparticles constantly forming an impute alternative for conventional methods. Simple prokaryotes to complex eukaryotic organisms including higher plants are used for the fabrication of nanoparticles. Techniques such as Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Electron Microscopy (TEM, SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) are used to elucidate the morphology, elemental composition and crystal structure of biosynthesized nanoparticles.