Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal dysplasia

Summary The term dysplasia (intraepithelial neoplasia) is used to refer to neoplastic but non-invasive epithelium. Dysplasia in the gastrointestinal tract is considered a carcinoma precursor and a marker of high cancer risk for the site at which it is found. It is diagnosed by pathologists using a set of cytological and architectural features. There are many pitfalls in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal dysplasia. One reason for difficulty in dysplasia diagnosis is the significant heterogeneity in the appearances of each grade of dysplasia. In addition, the features that characterise dysplasia are only subtly different from those of regenerating epithelium, particularly at the low end of the spectrum, making this distinction difficult. For these reasons, and because of significant implications of this diagnosis for patient care, the interpretations of biopsies taken for dysplasia surveillance are considered challenging by most pathologists. In this article, we review definition, classification, and histological features and grading of gastrointestinal dysplasia with focus on Barrett's oesophagus (BE) related dysplasia, gastric epithelial dysplasia (GED) and dysplasia arising in the background of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We also discuss observer variability and the role of adjunctive markers in dysplasia diagnosis, and limitation with regard to surveillance of patients with BE and IBD due to sampling error.
An analog front-end of a fire detection SoC for a fire alarm system

An analog front-end of a fire detector, which is comprised of a smoke detector, a heat detector and an ADC, is proposed. The smoke detector with active pixel structure works by optical detection measuring the amount of IR LED light scattered by smoke particles. It achieves the reduction of the mismatch from process variation, the influence of dark current and the reset noise by correlated double sampling scheme. The heat detector is a voltage divider consisting of a negative temperature coefficient thermistor and two resistors. It outputs the voltage corresponding to ambient temperature. Each output voltage from the two detectors is alternately converted into an 8-bit code by a successive approximation ADC every 1 second. The test chip was fabricated in 0.35-mum CMOS process and tested in optical chamber. It can detect smoke density range from 4%/m to 25%/m with plusmn 1%/m accuracy and ambient temperature range from 25degC to 95degC with plusmn 1degC accuracy. Maximum power consumption is 71 muW.
Arousal effect of ELF small magnetic field stimulation on car driver's spine for prevention of drowsy driving without sleep rebound

Effective and secure arousal method for car drivers preventing drowsy driving has been developed using physiological magnetic stimulation on driver's spine position. The magnetic stimulation method does not accompanied with so-called sleep rebound phenomenon that has been generally indicated for arousal methods using sensory stimulation. Existence of the sleep rebound phenomenon for sensory stimulations was verified estimating measured EEG arousal index transform for driving simulator system.
Life's Solutions are Complex Fluids. A Mathematical Challenge

Classical thermodynamics and statistical mechanics describe systems in which nothing interacts with nothing. Even the highly refined theory of simple fluids does not deal very well with electrical interactions, boundary conditions, or flows, if at all. Electrical interactions, boundary conditions, and flows are essential features of living systems. Life without flow is death and so a different approach is needed to study biology alive. The theory of complex fluids deals with interactions, boundary conditions, and flows quite well as can be seen in its successful treatment of liquid crystals. I advocate treating ionic solutions in general as complex fluids, with microelements that are the solutes and components of the solution. Enzyme active sites are a special case where some solutes are reactants. Solutes are crowded into active sites of enzyme by the high density of protein charges. The electric field links chemical reactions to charges in the protein and surrounding solutions. Interactions potentiate catalysis and control biological function. I suspect that most chemical reactions that occur in liquids also need to be treated by the theory of complex fluids. The electron movements of these reactions occur in a temporary highly concentrated fluctuation, a transient spatial inhomogeneity in the bulk solution. The electron movements of these reactions (described by quantum mechanics) are coupled to the electric (and sometimes steric) fields of the bulk solution. I suspect the electron movements, inhomogeneities, and chemical reaction (in the condensed phase) need to be treated by the theory of complex fluids because everything interacts with everything else, in this system, as in so many others.
An Efficient Execution Model for Reactive Stream Programs

Stream programming is a paradigm where a program is structured by a set of computational nodes connected by streams. Focusing on data moving between computational nodes via streams, this programming model fits well for applications that process long sequences of data. We call such applications reactive stream programs (RSPs) to distinguish them from stream programs with rather small and finite input data. In stream programming, concurrency is expressed implicitly via communication streams. This helps to reduce the complexity of parallel programming. For this reason, stream programming has gained popularity as a programming model for parallel platforms. However, it is also challenging to analyse and improve the performance without an understanding of the program’s internal behaviour. This thesis targets an efficient execution model for deploying RSPs on parallel platforms. This execution model includes a monitoring framework to understand the internal behaviour of RSPs, scheduling strategies for RSPs on uniform shared-memory platforms; and mapping techniques for deploying RSPs on heterogeneous distributed platforms. The foundation of the execution model is based on a study of the performance of RSPs in terms of throughput and latency. This study includes quantitative formulae for throughput and latency; and the identification of factors that influence these performance metrics. Based on the study of RSP performance, this thesis exploits characteristics of RSPs to derive effective scheduling strategies on uniform shared-memory platforms. Aiming to optimise both throughput and latency, these scheduling strategies are implemented in two heuristic-based schedulers. Both of them are designed to be centralised to provide load balancing for RSPs with dynamic behaviour as well as dynamic structures. The first one uses the notion of positive and negative data demands on each stream to determine the scheduling priorities. This scheduler is independent from the runtime system. The second one requires the runtime system to provide the position information for each computational node in the RSP; and uses that to decide the scheduling priorities. Our experiments show that both schedulers provides similar performance while being significantly better than a reference implementation without dynamic load balancing. Also based on the study of RSP performance, we present in this thesis two new heuristic partitioning algorithms which are used to map RSPs onto heterogeneous distributed platforms. These are Kernighan-Lin Adaptation (KLA) and Congestion Avoidance (CA), where the main objective is to optimise the throughput. This is a multi-parameter optimisation problem where existing graph partitioning algorithms are not applicable. Compared to the generic meta-heuristic Simulated Annealing algorithm, both proposed algorithms achieve equally good or better results. KLA is faster for small benchmarks while slower for large ones. In contrast, CA is always orders of magnitudes faster even for very large benchmarks.
Immunological and virological efficacy of a therapeutic immunization combined with interleukin-2 in chronically HIV-1 infected patients

Objective:Several lines of evidence suggest that the immune system may control HIV-1 replication, but that it could fail in the long term. Strategies aimed to elicit specific immune responses may enable patients to contain virus replication. Methods:HIV-1-infected patients were randomized to continue either their antiviral therapy alone (controls; n = 37) or with four boosts of vaccination combining ALVAC-HIV (vCP1433) and Lipo-6T vaccines (weeks 0, 4, 8, 12) followed by three cycles of subcutaneous interleukin-2 (weeks 16, 24, 32) (Vac-IL-2 group; n = 34). Results:Of the Vac-IL-2 group, 15/32 (47%) exhibited a stable HIV p24 antigen-proliferative response compared with 8/33 (24%) controls (P = 0.049). After vaccination, 19/33 (58%) of the Vac-IL-2 group exhibited a multiepitopic HIV-1-specific CD4 cell proliferative response compared with 9/36 (25%) of controls (P = 0.006). The breadth and the magnitude of HIV-specific interferon-γ-producing CD8 T cells improved in the Vac-IL-2 group. After stopping antiviral drugs, 24% of the Vac-IL-2 group lowered their viral set point compared with 5% of controls (P = 0.027). Logistic-regression analysis demonstrated that vaccine-elicited immunological responses were predictive of virological control (P = 0.046 and 0.014 for stable and multiepitopic CD4 T cell responses, respectively). Conclusion:This study provides proof of the concept that therapeutic immunization before antiviral drug cessation may contribute to the containment of HIV replication.
Facial Expression Recognition Based on Constrained Local Models and Support Vector Machines

This paper presents a face expression recognition algorithm using Constrained Local Model (CLM). CLM is facial alignment method that is based on Active Shape Models (ASM) and Active Appearance Models (AAM). It takes the advantages of both of them and gains high accuracy. To distinguish different expression states, we use CLM model parameters that describe shape deformation in a compact form. These parameters form feature vectors for training Kernel Support Vector Machine (KSVM) classifier. The experimental results over Cohn-Kanade Extended Facial Expression (CK+) database show improvement of the recognition rate in comparison to some existing methods, suggested by other authors.
Cyclin-dependent Kinase 8 Module Expression Profiling Reveals Requirement of Mediator Subunits 12 and 13 for Transcription of Serpent-dependent Innate Immunity Genes in Drosophila*

Background: Roles of Mediator Cdk8 module subunits in transcriptional regulation are not well defined in metazoans. Results: Med12-Med13-dependent transcription is modulated by Cdk8-cyclinC and is important for the GATA factor Serpent. Conclusion: Med12-Med13 is required for transcription of Serpent-dependent innate immunity genes in Drosophila. Significance: Genome-wide profiling suggests that Cdk8-cyclinC transcriptional regulation is limited to the Cdk8 module and dependent on Med12-Med13. The Cdk8 (cyclin-dependent kinase 8) module of Mediator integrates regulatory cues from transcription factors to RNA polymerase II. It consists of four subunits where Med12 and Med13 link Cdk8 and cyclin C (CycC) to core Mediator. Here we have investigated the contributions of the Cdk8 module subunits to transcriptional regulation using RNA interference in Drosophila cells. Genome-wide expression profiling demonstrated separation of Cdk8-CycC and Med12-Med13 profiles. However, transcriptional regulation by Cdk8-CycC was dependent on Med12-Med13. This observation also revealed that Cdk8-CycC and Med12-Med13 often have opposite transcriptional effects. Interestingly, Med12 and Med13 profiles overlapped significantly with that of the GATA factor Serpent. Accordingly, mutational analyses indicated that GATA sites are required for Med12-Med13 regulation of Serpent-dependent genes. Med12 and Med13 were also found to be required for Serpent-activated innate immunity genes in defense to bacterial infection. The results reveal a novel role for the Cdk8 module in Serpent-dependent transcription and innate immunity.
Formulation of Monodisperse Contrast Agents in Microfluidic Systems for Ultrasonic Imaging

We have successfully demonstrated a microfluidic flow-focusing method to produce monodisperse contrast agents with a mean diameter of 4.0 microns, which is optimal for current ultrasonic imaging techniques. Currently available microbubble contrast agents are produced with agitation techniques, and the random nature of this process results in a highly polydisperse size distribution. PDMS-based microfluidic flow-focusing systems are a cost-effective means to easily and rapidly produce bubbles with a diameter of a few microns. Our device uses expanding nozzle geometry, focusing the bubble break-off location to one single point located at the orifice, which enables the formation of monodisperse bubbles. The geometry of the channel junctions in addition to the liquid and gas flow rates are used to control the bubble sizes. Using this technique, the microbubble diameter can be easily tailored to produce contrast agents with a precise size distribution optimized for various ultrasonic imaging applications
Articular mobility in an African population.

There is considerable variation in the range ofmovements which are possible in the joints of normal individuals. In general, females are more mobile than males, while joint laxity decreases with age (Ellis and Bundick, 1956; Wynne-Davies, 1971). Ethnic differences in joint mobility have also been described. For instance, Negroes and Indians have been shown to have a greater range of movements than Caucasians of the same age and sex (Harris and Joseph, 1949). Similarly, in an investigation in Cape Town, Indians were found to be more loose-jointed than indigenous Xhosa and Hlubi, who in turn had a greater degree of joint laxity than white South Africans (Schweitzer, 1970). Articular mobility is a graded trait and at one end of the spectrum a considerable degree of joint laxity may occur in normal individuals (Wood, 1971). Apart from this form of hypermobility, joint laxity is also a component of a variety of genetically determined syndromes (McKusick, 1966; Beighton, 1970). It can also occur in the absence of other stigmata as a simple inherited entity (Sturkie, 1941; Carter and Sweetnam, 1958, 1960; Beighton and Horan, 1970). It has been suggested that hypermobile individuals are prone to orthopaedic disorders, such as degenerative joint disease, dislocations, joint effusions, and muscular pains (Hass and Hass, 1958; Kirk, Ansell, and Bywaters, 1967; Grahame, 1971). Articular laxity has also been implicated as an important factor in the genesis of congenital dislocation of the hip (Wynne-Davies, 1970). For these reasons, hypermobility may well be of considerable clinical significance. An epidemiological survey has recently been completed among the Tswana people of the Western Transvaal. The main aims of this investigation were the study of various bone and joint conditions, but the survey also provided an excellent opportunity for the measurement of the range ofjoint movements in a large number of individuals and for the assessment of the influence of age, sex, and somatotype on their articular mobility. The importance of joint laxity in the production of non-specific musculo-skeletal complaints was also evaluated. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of this investigation and to discuss the clinical significance of the observations which were made.
Internal wave tunnelling through non‐uniformly stratified shear flow

Abstract We examine the transmission of internal gravity waves through a non‐uniformly stratified fluid with vertically varying background shear. To quantify wave transmission we show that the appropriate measure is the ratio of the flux of transmitted to incident pseudoenergy, T. We derive an analytic prediction of T for the transmission of waves through a piecewise‐linear shear flow in two cases. In both, the fluid is unstratified over the depth of the shear and uniformly stratified elsewhere. In one study, the density profile is continuous. Such a basic state is unstable but with vanishingly small growth rate as the bulk Richardson number, Ri, becomes large. In the limit of an infinitely large Richardson number (no shear), we recover the tunnelling prediction of Sutherland and Yewchuk (2004). In weak shear, incident waves can transmit weakly, even if the phase speed matches the flow speed within the shear layer (a critical level). However, no transmission occurs when the phase speed of incident waves exactly matches the flow speed on the opposite flank of the shear. In strong shear, with Ri ⋍ 1, a transmission peak occurs where the incident wavenumber and frequency are close to, but different from, those associated with unstable modes. In a second study, the background density profile is discontinuous and representative of a well‐mixed patch within a once uniformly stratified fluid. In this case, no transmission occurs for incident waves with phase speed matching the speed of the flow within the shear layer. However, a transmission spike occurs if the incident waves are resonant with interfacial waves that flank the shear.
An Identification System Based on Portable EEG Acquisition Equipment

EEG-based identification system can effectively improve the security in the existing biometric systems because of its uniqueness, stealthiness, non-imitability and receipt-freeness. However, owing to the drawbacks in data acquisition equipments and signal feature extraction methods, the development of EEG-based identification system remains in the experimental stage. In this paper, portable acquisition equipment was used for data collection. After evaluating the signals, the AR model parameters were extracted from the valid datum as the identification features. Combined with these features, an identification system was realized based on three pattern recognition methods including BP neural network, support vector machines(SVM) and linear discriminant analysis(LDA). The conclusions indicate that: 1. The data quality can be effectively improved when the subject is fully relaxed and keep his/her eyes closed during data collection. 2. The AR model parameters of EEG signals can be used for identification. 3. The efficiency of SVM is the highest and the identification rate is up to 87%.
' s personal copy Safe MBR-transformation in similar sequence matching

When a multidimensional index is used for similar sequence matching, the traditional approach is to transform high-dimensional window sequences to low-dimensional sequences and bounding them into a low-dimensional minimum bounding rectangle (MBR). In this paper, we propose a new approach which constructs a low-dimensional MBR by directly transforming a high-dimensional MBR (calledMBR-transformation) bounding the high-dimensional sequences. This approach significantly reduces the number of lower-dimensional transformations needed in similar sequence matching. However, it poses a risk that some transformed sequences may fall outside the transformed lowdimensional MBR. We thus propose safe MBR-transformation which has the property that every possible transformed sequence is inside a safe MBR-transformed MBR. Then, considering the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and the discrete Cosine transform (DCT), we prove that they are not safe as MBR-transformations, and modify them to become safe MBR-transformations (called mbrDFT if DFT-based and mbrDCT if DCT-based). Then, we prove the safeness and optimality of mbrDFT and mbrDCT. Analyses and experiments show that the mbrDFT and mbrDCT reduce the execution time by several orders of magnitude due to the reduction in the number of lower-dimensional transformations. The proposed safe MBR-transformation provides a useful framework for a variety of applications that require a direct transformation of a high-dimensional MBR to a low-dimensional MBR. Ó 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
A Cognitive Morphology of Psychopathology

In contrast to contemporary approaches to psychopathology that establish diagnostictaxonomies derived primarily from differences in manifest symptoms, this paper, based on an integration of cognitive and psychoanalytic developmental theory, proposes a structural cognitive morphology for understanding and assessing differences among various forms of psychopathology, from schizophrenia to the neuroses. A theoretical model based on the development of cognitive schema, consistent with clinical and research data, considers schizophrenia and paranoid schizophrenia as involving fundamental disturbances in boundary articulation and recognition constancy, and considers borderline personality disorders as involving disturbances in evocative constancy. Also, a lack of integration of object and selfschema, expressed in either a distorted and exaggerated preoccupation with interpersonal relatedness or self-definition, defines two primary personality configurations that have implications for understanding the neuroses and subtypes of depression, as well as differential response to various types of psychotherapeutic intervention.
Team Formation in Firms: Matching with Search and Separation

We adopt dynamic matching theory to model team formation in organizations. Workers and managers are heterogenous in quality and select each other in order to form teams. Searching for a teammate is costly. Our primary theoretical innovation is to allow agents to search while matched and separate if they find a better teammate. If one side of the market has the ability to separate, we achieve positive assortative matching: the best managers match with the best workers. If both sides can separate, weak conditions on payoffs and search technology ensure that the steady state converges to perfect positively assortative matching.
Immunocytochemical Evidence for Golgi Vesicle Involvement in Milk Fat Globule Secretion

The exact mechanism of secretion of the milk fat globule (MFG) from the mammary secretory cell is still controversial. We have previously suggested close involvement of Golgi vesicles in this process. This paper provides direct immunocytochemical evidence that butyrophilin is present in the Golgi stack and vesicles in ovine and caprine mammary glands. We suggest that it is the butyrophilin in the Golgi vesicle membrane that forms the specific association with the adipophilin on the lipid surface in the cytoplasm. Exocytosis of the associated Golgi vesicle will then initiate the process of MFG secretion. Further exocytosis of associated Golgi vesicles will continue and complete the process. Areas of the plasmalemma that have butyrophilin delivered by previous non-lipid associated Golgi exocytoses may also contribute to the process of forming the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM).
Directional texture transfer

A texture transfer algorithm modifies the target image replacing the high frequency information with the example source image. Previous texture transfer techniques normally use such factors as color distance and standard deviation for selecting the best texture from the candidate sets. These factors are useful for expressing a texture effect of the example source in the target image, but are less than optimal for considering the object shape of the target image. In this paper, we propose a novel texture transfer algorithm to express the directional effect based on the flow of the target image. For this, we use a directional factor that considers the gradient direction of the target image. We add an additional energy term that respects the image gradient to the previous fast texture transfer algorithm. Additionally, we propose a method for estimating the directional factor weight value from the target image. We have tested our algorithm with various target images. Our algorithm can express a result image with the feature of the example source texture and the flow of the target image.