Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FracPaQ : A MATLAB TM toolbox for the quanti fi cation of fracture patterns

The patterns of fractures in deformed rocks are rarely uniform or random. Fracture orientations, sizes, and spatial distributions often exhibit some kind of order. In detail, relationships may exist among the different fracture attributes, e.g. small fractures dominated by one orientation, larger fractures by another. These relationships are important because the mechanical (e.g. strength, anisotropy) and transport (e.g. fluids, heat) properties of rock depend on these fracture attributes and patterns. This paper describes FracPaQ, a new open source, cross-platform toolbox to quantify fracture patterns, including distributions in fracture attributes and their spatial variation. Software has been developed to quantify fracture patterns from 2-D digital images, such as thin section micrographs, geological maps, outcrop or aerial photographs or satellite images. The toolbox comprises a suite of MATLABTM scripts based on previously published quantitative methods for the analysis of fracture attributes: orientations, lengths, intensity, density and connectivity. An estimate of permeability in 2-D is made using a parallel plate model. The software provides an objective and consistent methodology for quantifying fracture patterns and their variations in 2-D across a wide range of length scales, rock types and tectonic settings. The implemented methods presented are inherently scale independent, and a key task where applicable is analysing and integrating quantitative fracture pattern data from micro-to macro-scales. The toolbox was developed in MATLABTM and the source code is publicly available on GitHubTM and the MathworksTM FileExchange. The code runs on any computer with MATLAB installed, including PCs with Microsoft Windows, Apple Macs with Mac OS X, and machines running different flavours of Linux. The application, source code and sample input files are available in open repositories in the hope that other developers and researchers will optimise and extend the functionality for the benefit of the wider community. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
The Transmission of International Business Cycles Shocks: Evidence from the European Periphery, 1861-1913

This study compares the international transmission of both nominal and real business cycle shocks from 1861 to 1913 in Scandinavia and the Southern European countries of Italy, Portugal, and Spain. Cointegration analysis and estimated vector autoregression for real GDP and inflation reveal the presence of a real European business cycle. Specifically, I highlight the importance of exchange rate systems in the transmission f business cycles shocks.
Adaptive Filter Bank Time-Frequency Representations

A signal with time-varying frequency content can often be expressed more clearly using a time-frequency representation (TFR), which maps the signal into a two-dimensional function of time and frequency, similar to musical notation. The thesis reviews one of the most commonly used TFRs, the Wigner distribution (WD), and discusses its application in Fourier optics: it is shown that the WD is analogous to the spectral dispersion that results from a diffraction grating, and time and frequency are similarly analogous to a one dimensional spatial coordinate and wavenumber. The grating is compared with a simple polychromator, which is a bank of optical filters. Another well-known TFR is the short time Fourier transform (STFT). Its discrete version can be shown to be equivalent to a filter bank, an array of bandpass filters that enable localized processing of the analysis signals in different sub-bands. This work proposes a signal-adaptive method of generating TFRs. In order to minimize distortion in analyzing a signal, the method modifies the filter bank to consist of non-overlapping rectangular bandpass filters generated using the Butterworth filter design process. The information contained in the resulting TFR can be used to reconstruct the signal, and perfect reconstruction techniques involving quadrature mirror filter banks are compared with a simple Fourier synthesis sum. The optimal filter parameters of the rectangular filters are selected adaptively by minimizing the mean-squared error (MSE) from a pseudo-reconstructed version of the analysis signal. The reconstruction MSE is proposed as an error metric for characterizing TFRs; a practical measure of the error requires normalization and cross correlation with the analysis signal. Simulations were performed to demonstrate the the effectiveness of the new adaptive TFR and its relation to swept-tuned spectrum analyzers.
INCREASING ADSORPTION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM PALM OIL SHELL FOR ADSORB H2S FROM BIOGAS PRODUCTION BY IMPREGNATION

Biogas is the combustible gas produced through a biological process, known as anaerobic digestion which is the process operated at low-temperature and without air. Biogas consists of 55-80% CH4, 20-45% CO2 with trace amount of H2S and other impurities. Common H2S removal technologies from biogas fall into one of adsorption on a solid such as iron oxide based materials, activated carbon or impregnated activated carbon. Conventionally, activated carbon is produced from biomass residues and agricultural residues such as palm oil shell which promising approach for the production of cheap. It is so due to the palm oil shell carries a large amount of carbon content which it is the main composition of activated carbon. Therefore, it is usable as raw material for producing impregnated activated carbon and used as adsorbents. The aim of this study is a produce the activated carbon from palm oil shells by chemical activation using ZnCl2 and optimal conditions after impregnated them with NaOH, KI and K2CO3 for H2S absorption from biogas product. In this research, production of activated carbon involved three stages; (i) carbonization of raw material in an inert atmosphere which was carbonized in a muffle furnace at 600°C for 1 h; (ii) secondly activation of char product from the first stages at fixed bed reactor (stainless steel with 54.1 mm internal diameter and 320 mm length) which was studied to observe the effect of char product: Chemical agent ratio (ZnCl2, 1:1 to 1:3), which there are activated at 700°C activation temperature for 2 h; and (iii) finally alkali impregnated activated carbon which were immersed 1:3 ratio in 500 mL of 1 N NaOH, KI and K2CO3 solutions and stirred for 30 min. The result showed that the surface area and the pore volume increased progressively with increasing the char product: Chemical agent ratio. The maximum surface area total pore volume of activated carbon product was 532.31 m2/g and 0.2973 cc g-1 was obtained on ACZn13. While, the maximum surface area and the pore volume of modified impregnated activated carbon was 741.71 m2/g and 0.4210 cc g-1 was obtained on K2CO3-AC. The results of the experiment demonstrated that with regard to adsorption of H2S on K2CO3-AC which it had more than on KI-AC and NaOH was 3.26 and 8.8%, respectively. The conclusion showed that surface area, total pore volume and micropore volume were increasing with increased the char product: Chemical agent ratio (1:1 to 1:3). ACZn13 has good chemical and physical properties such as chemical content and surface area, which showed that the highest surface area (532.21 m2/g) and total pore volume (0.2973 cc g-1). Therefore, K2CO3-AC impregnated activated carbon has a high surface area and showed be an efficient adsorbent for removal of H2S from biogas product. Moreover, evaluating the content of H2S adsorption was suggested.
Assessment of Cultural Dimensions, Leadership Behaviors and Leadership Self-Efficacy: Examination of Multinational Corporations in Taiwan

This paper applied Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to investigate the relationship among cultural dimensions, transformational leadership, and leadership self-efficacy for the managers in Taiwanese Multinational Corporations (MNCs). Data is collected from 197 managers or executives of MNCs in Taiwan. Cultural dimensions are tested via Hofstede's cultural dimension. Leadership behaviors are measured through Bass and Avolio's Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Leadership self-efficacy is measured through Jerusalem and Schwarzer's General Self-Efficacy Scale. The research results reveal that cultural dimensions have direct effect on leadership behaviors, and leadership behaviors have direct effect on leadership self-efficacy.
A CASE STUDY ON HYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECT OF A RICE BASED MIX FORTIFIED WITH TERMINALIA ARJUNA,TRIGONELLA FOENUM- GRAECUM AND CINNAMOMUM VERUM

A case study is done to observe the effect of a traditional Assamese breakfast item, namely Sandohguri fortified with Vigna radiate, Terminalia arjuna, Trigonella foenum- graecum and Cinnamomum verum to incorporate hypolipidemic property. As per the nutritive value analysis, 100g of the fortified mix contains 74.75g carbohydrates, 12.92g protein, 1.07g fat (saturated fatty acids 0.30%, monounsaturated fatty acids 0.41% and polyunsaturated fatty acids 0.44%) and 7.13g dietary fibre. Main nutrients with antioxidant properties in the mix are Vitamin A (29.8 IU), Vitamin E (0.57 mg) , Vitamin C (0.16 mg), Selenium (11.2mcg ), Copper (193.4 mcg), Zinc (529.2 mcg), Iron (2531mcg) and Manganese (810.7 mcg). A hyperlipidemic patient without any other medical complications is identified and prescribed to have 90 to 100g of the mix with water/milk and sugar twice daily. A little life style modification with 30 minutes walk is also advised. The patientâ€™s lipid profile is checked twice within two months from the day of using the mix. The results show an increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) and reduction in triglyceride, cholesterol, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL)and low density lipoproteins (LDL). Furthermore, the mix is found to be helpful in minimizing various risk factors of Cardio Vascular Diseases, such as hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis-index, body weight, body mass index and waist hip ratio.
EXPLOITING DESIGN OF SYNCHRONOUS COUNTERS METHOD TO DESIGN AND IMPLEMENT MOD 6 DIRECT DOWN COUNTER

In this paper, the design of direct mod 6 down counter is proposed by using J-K Flip Flop. The counter is provided with synchronous clock pulse. The counter is implemented by using Electronic Workbench software. The design can be achieved by the logical function minimization using Karnaugh map. Vcc and Ground are used for inputs to indicate logic 1 and 0 respectively as well as LED indicators are used to indicate the output bits. The proposed design is practical to implement any modulus of direct down counters which can count from any number to zero. This can have advantage over partial decoding method to design counters which their modulus does not belong to 2 n sequence because partial decoding method is only practical for
RELIABILITY APPROACH FOR MACHINE PROTECTION DESIGN IN PARTICLE ACCELERATORS

Particle accelerators require Machine Protection Systems (MPS) to prevent beam-induced damage of equipment in case of failures. This becomes increasingly important for proton colliders with large energy stored in the beam such as LHC, for high power accelerators with a beam power of up to 10 MW, such as the European Spallation Source (ESS), and for linear colliders with high beam power and very small beam size. The reliability of Machine Protection Systems is crucial for safe machine operation; all possible sources of risk need to be taken into account in the early design stage. This paper presents a systematic approach to classify failures and to assess the associated risk, and discusses the impact of such considerations on the design of Machine Protection Systems. The application of this approach will be illustrated using the new design of the MPS for LINAC4, a linear accelerator under construction at CERN.
Electrical Characterization of Electronic Materials Using FIB-assisted Nanomanipulators

Focused Ion Beam (FIB) systems have incorporated versatile nanomanipulators with inherent sophisticated machining capability to characterize the electrical properties of highly miniature components of electronic devices. Carbon fibers were chosen as a model system to test the applicability of nanomanipulators to microscale electronic materials, with special emphasis on the direct current current-voltage characterizations in terms of electrode configuration. The presence of contact resistance affects the electrical characterization. This resistance originates from either i) the so-called "spreading resistance" due to the geometrical constriction near the electrode - material interface or ii) resistive surface layers. An appropriate electrode strategy is proposed herein for the use of FIB-based manipulators.
Economic and ecological implications of geographic bias in pollinator ecology in the light of pollinator declines

Understanding the causes and consequences of pollinator declines is a priority in ecological research. However, across much of the globe we have a poor understanding of pollinator assemblages, population trends and the ecological and economic importance of particular pollinators, due to a marked geographic bias in research eff ort. Here, we show that almost half the data cited in thirteen recent meta-analyses, which ask important and diverse questions in pollination ecology, were collected in just fi ve countries: Australia, Brazil, Germany, Spain and the USA. In contrast, the entire continent of Africa contributed only 4% of the data. We believe that the consequences of this geographic bias are severe. Foremost, pollinator assemblages (and possibly their sensitivity to ecological drivers) can greatly vary among these regions. In addition, many communities that rely on pollinators, bees in particular, for food security and wealth generation are in geographic regions where our understanding of pollination is poor. Collecting accurate information on pollinator populations in data defi cient areas will allow us to identify vulnerable populations and species and so better target conservation measures. Moreover, it will help us to determine if our current understanding of pollinator losses, based on data collected in a few locations and on the species that predominate in those regions, is representative of the wide diversity of ecosystems. We propose means of collecting such data given socioeconomic constraints.
Sophisticated Microwave Nondestructive Testing Method for Metals

The present paper describes theoretically and experimentally the possibility of such electron gas interaction with low-frequency ultrasonic waves, which the authors determine as a newly revealed phenomenon or even discovery, changing the physical concept of metal destruction processes and metal ageing. In contrast to previous experiments in determining surface cracks by MW method, the author has produced new experimental data in identifying invisible metal defects, i.e. active defects. Although the described method is based on the well-known Acoustic Emission (AE) method, there are significant differences. Firstly, according to calculations and experiment results the propagation speed of active defects generated by this new method is close to the speed of light. Secondly, in contrast to single AE events, occurring under conditions of excessive mechanical force, displayed signals in this new method can be detected during a time-interval excluding an additional mechanical load. Finally, the non-contact detection of dangerous defects, i.e. active defects, indicates the advantageous aspect of this new method to the contact AE method. This paper presents experimental data, sustaining the possible practical application of an advanced remote indicator of active defects (RIAD) as a diagnostic technique for steam railway car wheels in motion mode, testing reliability parameters of rotating turbine blades and operating sucker rod pumps.
AJITH ADHUR KUTTY CARBON NANOTUBE LOADED PASSIVE UHF RFID SENSOR TAG WITH BUILT-IN REFERENCE FOR WIRELESS GAS SENSING

AJITH ADHUR KUTTY: Carbon Nanotube Loaded Passive UHF RFID Sensor Tag with Built-in Reference for Wireless Gas Sensing Tampere University of Technology Master of Science thesis, 67 pages, 0 Appendix pages February 2016 Master’s Degree Programme in Electrical Engineering Major: Wireless Communication Examiner: Prof. Leena Ukkonen and Prof. Lauri Sydänheimo
Multimodality Therapy for Large A 44-year-old man presented with a cough , and a left Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Thymus

A case of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the thymus successfully treated with chemoradiation, followed by extended resection under cardiopulmonary bypass, is reported. A 44-year-old man diagnosed with thymic large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma received induction chemoradiation therapy (3 cycles of cisplatin/ etoposide and 45 Gy of hyperfractionated radiation) because of invasion to the aortic arch and pulmonary trunk. After radiographic partial response was noted, a radical resection under cardiopulmonary bypass was performed. Pathologic examination revealed no viable cells in the tumor. The patient is alive 3 years later, without recurrence. Aggressive multimodality therapy could be an option for thymic large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. (Ann Thorac Surg 2013;96:e85–7) 2013 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons
Fertility and HIV Risk in Africa

This paper examines the role of social and cultural norms regarding fertility in women’s HIV risk in Sub-Saharan Africa. Fertility, or the ability to bear children, is highly valued in most African societies, and premarital fertility is often encouraged in order to facilitate marriage. This, however, increases women’s exposure to HIV risk by increasing unprotected premarital sexual activity. I construct a lifecycle model that relates a woman’s decisions concerning sex, fertility and education to HIV risk. The model is calibrated to match Kenyan women’s data on fertility, marriage and HIV prevalence. Quantitative results show that fertility motives play a substantial role in women’s, especially young women’s, HIV risk. If premarital births did not facilitate marriage, or women’s value of children was close to the US level, the HIV prevalence rate of young women in Kenya would be one-third lower. Policies that subsidize income, education, and HIV treatment are evaluated.
Bandwidth Enhanced MIMO antenna for LTE bands using Split Ring Resonators and Stubs

In this work, an array of circular patch antenna loaded with a partial split ring and a pair of stubs each with same dimensions, on each of the antenna is designed to operate in the LTE band with wide bandwidth. The split ring not only accounts for a newer operating band, but also tend to reduce the isolation and the stubs tends to increase the bandwidth which results in change by 44.92 % compared to array of antennas without split rings. It has a compact substrate dimensions of 55 × 30 × 0.8 mm and ground of 55 × 9 mm. The proposed antenna is simulated using high frequency structural simulator (HFSS) and fabricated. The measured results are in compliance with the simulated results. The proposed antenna find applications in LTE band 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 30, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43 GHz covering a broadband width of 2500 MHz.
How the brain heals emotional wounds : the functional neuroanatomy 1 of forgiveness 2 3

Journal Name: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience ISSN: 1662-5161 Article type: Original Research Article Received on: 28 Feb 2013 Accepted on: 19 Nov 2013 Provisional PDF published on: 19 Nov 2013 Frontiers website link: www.frontiersin. org Citation: Ricciardi E, Rota G, Sani L, Gentili C, Gaglianese A, Guazzelli M and Pietrini P(2013) How the brain heals emotional wounds: the functional neuroanatomy of forgiveness. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 7:839. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013. 00839 Article URL: http://www.frontiersin. org/Journal/Abstract.aspx? s=537& name=human%20neuroscience&ART_DOI=10.3389 /fnhum.2013. 00839
Permeable Synthetic Covers for Controlling Emissions from Liquid Dairy Manure

Liquid manure storages emit greenhouse gases (GHGs) and ammonia (NH3), which can have negative effects in the atmosphere and ecosystems. Installing a floating cover on liquid manure storages is one approach for reducing emissions. In this study, a permeable synthetic cover (Biocap™) was tested continuously for 165-d (undisturbed storage + 3-d agitation) in Nova Scotia, Canada. Covers were installed on three tanks of batch-loaded dairy manure (1.3 m depth × 6.6 m2 each), while three identical tanks remained uncovered (controls). Fluxes were measured using steady-state chambers. Methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O) were measured by absorption spectroscopy, and NH3 was measured using acid traps. Results showed covered tanks consistently reduced NH3 fluxes by approximately 90%, even though a surface crust formed on controls after about 50 days. Covers continued to reduce NH3 flux during agitation. Covered tanks also emitted significantly less CO2 and N2O than the controls (p-value <0.01). However, CH4 fluxes were not reduced, and therefore overall GHG fluxes were not substantially reduced. Short-term trends in CH4, CO2, and N2O flux provided insight into cover function. Notably, bubble fluxes were a key component of CH4 emissions in both treatments, suggesting the covers did not impede CH4 transport.
Rheological Study of Petroleum Fluid and Oil-in-Water Emulsion

The rheological behavior of two types of crude oil and oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion were thoroughly studied. These rheological properties were investig ated including steady flow behavior, shear stress, shear rate, and fluid flow behavior by using a Brookfield Rotationa l Digital Rheometer. Both of crude oils were prepar ed by homogenized at 10,000 rpm in 5-10 min, thermodynamically stable. The pure heavy and blend oil exhibit a Newtonian character for the temperature between 3 0°C - 97°C with expression of expressed in terms of shear stress, τ= ƒ( γ). Besides, Arrhenius-type relation is expressed in terms of log µ=ƒ(1/T) also demonstrated their Newtonian behavior. Meanwhile, the model emulsions range to 30-60% by volume oil indicate non-Newtonian shear thinning (n 90 0 C. The expression from Power Law model demonstrated non-linear relation between shear rate and shear stress c an be observed.
Optimizing the Dimensionality of Clinical Term Spaces for Improved Diagnosis Coding Support

In natural language processing, dimensionality reduction is a common technique to reduce complexity that simultaneously addresses the sparseness property of language. It is also used as a means to capture some latent structure in text, such as the underlying semantics. Dimensionality reduction is an important property of the word space model, not least in random indexing, where the dimensionality is a predefined model parameter. In this paper, we demonstrate the importance of dimensionality optimization and discuss correlations between dimensionality and the size of the vocabulary. This is of particular importance in the clinical domain, where the level of noise in the text leads to a large vocabulary; it may also mitigate the effect of exploding vocabulary sizes when modeling multiword terms as single tokens. A system that automatically assigns diagnosis codes to patient record entries is shown to improve by up to 18 percentage points by manually optimizing the dimensionality.
A Pore Water Conductivity Sensor

The electrical permittivity and conductivity of the bulk soil are a function of the permittivity and conductivity of the pore water. For soil water contents higher than 0.10 both functions are equal, facilitating in situ conductivity measurements of the pore water. A novel method is described, based on simultaneous measurements of permittivity and conductivity of the bulk soil from which the conductivity of the pore water can be calculated. A prototype of a pore water conductivity sensor based on this method is presented. Validation results show that the method can be used for a broad range of soils and is valid for water contents between 0.10 and saturation and for the conductivity of the pore water up to 0.3 S m-1.