Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acronictinae (Lepidoptera: Macroheterocera: Noctuidae) Demonstrate the Variable Role of Wing Venation in the Evolution of the Nymphalid Groundplan

Abstract The nymphalid groundplan (NGP) is an idealized system used to classify and interpret wing pattern elements of butterflies. Nearly a century ago, the principles of the NGP were applied to the wing patterns of higher moths (Macroheterocera). Recent advances in phylogeny and in the comparative morphology of microlepidopteran wing pattern both suggest promise in revisiting the relevance of the NGP to the more conspicuous and derived groups of large Lepidoptera. In the noctuid subfamily Acronictinae, wing patterns include elements corresponding to the central symmetry system, discal (reniform) spot, and parafocal elements of the NGP. Wing patterns in this lineage are also consistent with the ‘uniform wing-margin’ model, which was hypothesized to explain the relationship between wing venation and color pattern, and which has been corroborated in various lineages of microlepidoptera. The uniform wing-margin model does not appear to hold for butterflies, however, and has not previously been evaluated in Macroheterocera. The finding that NGP-like wing patterns in Macroheterocera share features with microlepidoptera is consistent with convergence, i.e., with independent origins of ‘the’ NGP. Furthermore this finding suggests that such superficially similar (not strictly homologous) ‘NGPs’ may have arisen via different mechanisms corresponding to ancestral differences in the relationships between wing patterns wing venation, and can be differentiated on that basis.
Believing without moralising: Secularised religiousness in Hungary

This article explores the features of religiousness as it is supported by governmental policies in Hungary. The research interprets the values held by social actors in terms of their relationship to violations of norms that are sanctioned and those that are not sanctioned by the state. The analyses of our representative sample revealed a type of secularised religiousness in more than one dimension. The value orientations of religious people in Hungary appear to be aligned with secular society. The main trend seems to be that the moral judgements of religious people do not differ from those of the people who consider themselves not religious or atheist. Religious people in Hungary no longer find guidance in their religious tradition – which is regarded as obsolete in today’s secularised public discourse – but are oriented by the values of the secularised world, inevitably drifting away from their Christian roots. Differences between religious and not religious people appear only in certain position statements relating to homosexuals.
Editorial: Sex steroid hormones: effects on breast cancer risk and etiology

COPYRIGHT © 2023 Mousa, Marino and Simões. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. TYPE Editorial PUBLISHED 19 April 2023 DOI 10.3389/fendo.2023. 1198770
Municipal solid waste landfills as a source of mycotoxins contamination in soil

The authors analyse the results of mycological studies of the soil of one of the largest solid waste landfills in the Moscow region - the Salaryevo solid waste landfill. The agroecological and geochemical characteristics of the contaminated soil are explored. The authors studied the phytotoxicity of soil fungi, using Pisum sativum L as an object of analysis. The number of microscopic fungi in the contaminated soil increased 7 times, the phytotoxic fungi of the genus Alternaria, were 1.8 times higher than the reference level. Penicillium decreased by almost 30%. In many soil samples, fungi of the genus Fusarium were found. An increase in the number of fungi of the genus Alternaria had phytotoxic effect: in pea seedlings (Pisum sativum L.), a slower growth of roots and seedlings was observed.
Modeling Incipient Use of Neolithic Cultigens by Taiwanese Foragers: Perspectives from Niche Variation Theory, the Prey Choice Model, and the Ideal Free Distribution

The earliest evidence for agriculture in Taiwan dates to about 6000 years BP and indicates that farmer-gardeners from Southeast China migrated across the Taiwan Strait. However, little is known about the adaptive interactions between Taiwanese foragers and Neolithic Chinese farmers during the transition. This paper considers theoretical expectations from human behavioral ecology based models and macroecological patterning from Binford’s hunter-gatherer database to scope the range of responses of native populations to invasive dispersal. Niche variation theory and invasion theory predict that the foraging niche breadths will narrow for native populations and morphologically similar dispersing populations. The encounter contingent prey choice model indicates that groups under resource depression from depleted high-ranked resources will increasingly take low-ranked resources upon encounter. The ideal free distribution with Allee effects categorizes settlement into highly ranked habitats selected on the basis of encounter rates with preferred prey, with niche construction potentially contributing to an upswing in some highly ranked prey species. In coastal plain habitats preferred by farming immigrants, interactions and competition either reduced encounter rates with high ranked prey or were offset by benefits to habitat from the creation of a mosaic of succession ecozones by cultivation. Aquatic-focused foragers were eventually constrained to broaden subsistence by increasing the harvest of low ranked resources, then mobility-compatible Neolithic cultigens were added as a niche-broadening tactic. In locations less suitable for farming, fishing and hunting continued as primary foraging tactics for centuries after Neolithic arrivals. The paper concludes with a set of evidence-based archaeological expectations derived from these models.
Beta-elemene inhibits differentiated thyroid carcinoma metastasis by reducing cellular proliferation, metabolism and invasion ability

Background Accelerated glycolysis is a characteristic of carcinoma. The herb-derived compound, beta (β)-elemene, has shown promising anticancer effects against various tumors by inhibiting aerobic glycolysis. However, its activity against thyroid carcinoma and the mechanism is still unknown. Methods Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) cell lines, including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cell lines (IHH-4, TPC-1, K1), and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) cell line (FTC133) were treated with different concentration of β-elemene. The viability of DTC cells was analyzed using the CCK8 method. Cell cycle and apoptosis analysis were performed by flow cytometry and western blotting. The cell invasion ability was evaluated in Transwell assays. Energy metabolism in living cells was measured using a Seahorse XF analyzer. The antitumor effects of β-elemene were analyzed in vivo in a nude mouse xenograft tumors model. Results CCK8 assays showed β-elemene significantly inhibited DTC cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. β-elemene promoted cell apoptosis, with increased expression of cleaved caspase-9 and decreased BCL-2 expression. Transwell assays showed that β-elemene significantly inhibited the invasion ability of DTC cells. β-elemene also reduced angiogenesis by decreasing VEGF expression in DTC cells. β-elemene reduces the basal oxygen consumption rate (OCR), extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), and maximal glycolytic capacity as well as maximal respiration and ATP production. Moreover, β-elemene inhibited tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model in vivo. Conclusions In this study, we have provided the first evidence of the antitumor effects of β-elemene, which was shown to inhibit cell proliferation, promote apoptosis, induce cell cycle arrest, inhibit cell invasion ability and reduce angiogenesis. Furthermore, we showed that β-elemene significantly inhibits the respiratory and glycolytic ability of human DTC cells. Thus, our findings show the potential of β-elemene as a novel treatment for DTC.
Football Match Result Prediction Using the Random Forest Classifier

Nowadays, people are turning their attention to football as the business investment more and more, especially invest in joining football club. In addition, If the results of some matches do not meet the goal of the clubs, the investors will not invest in the club and the club may be loss a lot of money that they should be. So, we have developed the web system for a football match result prediction method in order to help making investment decisions for investors and generating the guidance for developing their football teams. The objective of this project is to predict the football match results for the English Premier League, and to analyze factors affecting the outcome of the match for guiding team improvement. This project collected previous three-season match information from www.premierleague. com to predict the current league season match results. All collected data were analyzed by the machine learning technique for building a football match result prediction model, and for finding factors affecting on football match results to give advice for improving their football teams. The testing results of the prediction are shown that the accuracy and the precision are more than 70%. Therefore, this system can help the user get the guidance for improving the football team and the precise prediction of football match results.
Protocol and Operational Procedures for the implementation of a Differentiated HIV Service Delivery Model in North-Western Tanzania

Introduction WHO recommendation to “treat all diagnosed with HIV” challenges the capacity of health systems, especially in low- and middle- resource countries. The current Tanzanian National Guidelines for the Management of HIV and AIDS views differentiated service delivery (DSD) models as promising approaches to improve HIV services. Nonetheless, social, economic and health system factors greatly influence their efficacy and sustainability and call for context-specific evidence. Objectives This implementation research protocol outline plans to assesses the feasibility and effectiveness of a DSD intervention for stable ART clients in Tanzania. Methodology Quantitative and qualitative methods will be employed to assess implementation which started in July 2018 and will run until July 2021 at four HIV clinics (CTC) located in Shinyanga (2) and Simiyu (2) regions. Stable clients [age >5 years, receiving ART first-line regimen ≥ six months, viral load (VL) ≤50 copies/ml, and no current illnesses] are offered the opportunity to join a club - community-based groups of 25-30 clients living in the same area who receive drug refills and health monitoring every three months (annual VL at the CTC) led by lay-workers. Findings Primary outcome will be the proportion of ART clients maintaining virologic suppression within the club model over the intervention period (measured at 12, 24, and 36 months). Secondary outcomes will include retention in care, patient and provider costs and client perspectives, stratified by geographical location. Conclusions/ Recommendations Research finding will be published in peer-reviewed journals and useful for informing policy and the HIV program in Tanzania.
The ecology of color: how color affects visual behaviors in aquatic habitats in a sexually dimorphic species (Lucania goodei) and their major predator (Micropterus salmoides)

Visual communication relies on signals that are maximally conspicuous in a given environment. However, light availability is often heterogeneous within a species’ range. The best signal in one locality isn’t always efficient in another. Despite the fact that lighting environment affects both female preferences and competitor perception of male color displays, few studies examine the effect of lighting environment on both behaviors in parallel. In this study, bluefin killifish (Lucania goodei) were used as a system to test the effects of lighting environment on visual communication. Male L. goodei exhibit a striking distribution of color polymorphisms. Males with blue anal fins are highly abundant in tannin-stained environments, while males with red and yellow fins are more abundant in clear environments. The extent to which male anal coloration affects the outcome of male-male competition and the extent to which this varies between lighting environments is unknown. Here, we hypothesized that blue morphs are favored for sexual selection in tannin-stained environments. Mate choice and male competition assays were conducted to determine the effect of lighting environment on sexual behaviors. Blue morphs were significantly more dominant than red and yellow morphs in tannin-stained environments while all color morphs were equally dominant in clear environments. Female preferences were not detected in either clear or tannin-stained treatments. Our results indicate that male dominance is a key selective force for L. goodei anal fin variation in different lighting environments.
EFL learners’ peer negotiated feedback, revision outcomes, and short-term writing development: The effect of patterns of interaction

Inspired by Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory and Storch’s framework of peer interaction, this study investigated the nature and outcome of peer interaction in EFL (English as a foreign language) learners’ peer review and revision activities. During two 16-week semesters, 32 lower-intermediate learners participated in an Advanced Writing university course. Each of the learners wrote and revised six one-paragraph writing assignments and exchanged peer negotiated feedback in pairs. The qualitative analysis of their recorded dialogues revealed that although the learners were nearly at the same proficiency level, they adopted a variety of patterns of interaction including collaborative, expert/novice, dominant/dominant, and dominant/passive. Collaborative and dominant/passive patterns were the most and the least frequent patterns, respectively. The analysis of feedback types indicated that the collaborative pairs exchanged the highest number of feedback in total and could extend their focus to content and organization of the texts more than the other pairs. The lowest number of feedback was observed in pairs adopting a dominant/passive pattern of interaction. Further analysis showed that while collaborative learners succeeded in revising the majority of their errors correctly and had the greatest short-term writing development, the passive learners failed at both to a large extent. These findings are discussed drawing on relevant theoretical and practical literature, and implications for second language (L2) writing instructors and researchers are suggested.
Economic Value of Urban Green Space: A Travel Cost Approach for Viharamahadevi Urban Park, Sri Lanka

Urban green spaces could bring cities and their inhabitants with vitality in terms of ecological, social, and economic benefits. Recognising and estimation of economic values of parks is important for their sound management and for justification of the current use over various alternative uses. Non recognition of values of the services of such green spaces may lead to unsound management and degradation resulting in depriving urban communities of those benefits. Viharamahadevi Urban Park is the oldest and largest park in Colombo which offers recreation and green space to the inhabitants and visitors of the city. The purpose of this study is to estimate the recreational value of the Park using Individual Travel Cost Method (ITCM). Visitors of Viharamahadevi Urban Park selected using purposive sampling method were interviewed with a structured questionnaire. Data on visitation frequencies, preferences for park characteristics and socio economic parameters were collected using face-to-face interviews. In order to cater for the data issues of the ITCM, a zero truncated negative binomial regression analysis was performed in estimating the demand function. Results indicate that household income and the enjoyment of the visitors significantly and positively determine the number of visits made by the people. The annual social welfare generated from the recreational value of the Viharamahadevi Park is LKR 55.7 billion. The estimated value will be able to provide significant guidance towards future park management decisions.
Eigen-reconstructions: a closer look into the System Matrix

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) offers an exceptional set of advantages including high sampling efficiency and sub-millimeter spatial resolution. The former is maximized using ad-hoc sampling trajectories; the latter relies on the compensation of the point spread function of the superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIOs) necessary for the MPI signal. The System Matrix (SM) approach for reconstruction uses a pre-calibration measurement and achieves both purposes simultaneously, relating the concentration of SPIOs and the particle response to the signal. Consequently, the SM’s quality will largely influence the reconstruction. Considering the multitude of factors involved in the reconstruction, it is difficult to identify sources of image artifacts. In this work, we demonstrate the potential to use reconstructions of individual measurements within the SM (eigen-reconstruction) as a test for both SM and reconstruction quality. We also present an algorithm to enhance image quality using eigen-reconstructions. Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009072, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020. 2009072
Effects of intercropping component of conservation agriculture on sorghum yield in the Sudan Savanna

ABSTRACT Conservation agriculture (CA), which consists of minimum soil disturbance, soil cover, and crop rotation/association, has been promoted as an indivisible three-component package to control water erosion in the Sudan Savanna. However, CA has not been adopted by local smallholder farmers, probably because the three-component package constitutes a large burden for the farmers. Our previous study revealed that two components – minimum tillage and crop residue mulching – are sufficient for soil conservation and intercropping, when used in combination with minimum tillage and crop residue mulching, had no effect on erosion control. In the present study, we conducted a 3-year field experiment in Burkina Faso to evaluate the effects of the intercropping component on sorghum yield. The four treatments employed were conventional practice (full tillage, no sorghum residue mulching, no intercropping), two-component CA (minimum tillage and sorghum residue mulching without intercropping), and three-component CA with velvet bean (VB) or pigeon pea (PP) intercropping. We found that sorghum yield was similar between treatments during the first 2 years but higher for CA with PP intercropping than for conventional practice in the third year. This increased yield was mainly attributed to higher soil nitrogen and carbon content as well as panicle mass and harvest index observed for CA with PP intercropping than for conventional practice. Unexpectedly, however, PP produced few seeds and did not survive the dry season. Therefore, we concluded that CA with PP intercropping is effective to increase sorghum yield but practical only for the prosperous farmers who can afford to purchase PP seeds every year and accept no increased yield during the first 2 years after its installation. For most smallholder farmers, it would be realistic to promote two-component CA without intercropping because it can effectively control water erosion and reduce the farmers’ burden of its adoption in the Sudan Savanna.
Squirt-flow seismic dispersion models: a comparison

The anelastic properties of porous rocks depend on the pore characteristics, specifically, the pore aspect ratio and the pore fraction (related to the soft porosity). At high frequencies, there is no fluid pressure communication throughout the pore space and the rock becomes stiffer than at low frequencies, where the pore pressure is fully equilibrated. This causes a significant difference between the moduli at low and high frequencies, which is known as seismic dispersion and is commonly explained by the squirt-flow mechanism. In this paper, we consider and contrast three squirt-flow dispersion models: the modified Mavko–Jizba model, valid for a porous medium with arbitrary shapes of the pores and cracks, and two other models, based on idealized geometries of spheres and ellipsoids: the EIAS (equivalent inclusion-average stress) and CPEM (cracks and pores effective medium) models. We first perform analytical comparisons and then compute several numerical examples to demonstrate similarities and differences between the models. The analytical comparison shows that when the stiff pores are spherical and the crack density is small, the theoretical predictions of the three models are very close to each other. However, when the stiff pores are spheroids with an aspect ratio smaller than 1 (say, between 0.2 and 1), the predictions of inclusion based models are not valid at frequencies of ultrasonic measurements on rock samples. In contrast, the predictions of the modified Mavko–Jizba model are valid at ultrasonic frequencies of about 106 Hz, which is a typical frequency of laboratory measurements on core samples. We also introduce Zener-based bulk and shear dispersion indices, which are proportional to the difference between the high- and low-frequency stiffness moduli, and are a measure of the degree of anelasticity, closely related to the quality factors by view of the Kramers–Kronig relations. The results show that the three models yield similar moduli dispersion with very small differences when the crack density is relatively high. The indices versus crack density can be viewed as a template to obtain the crack properties from low- and high-frequency velocity measurements.