Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Tale of 3 Cities: Model Selection in Over-, Exact, and Under-specified Equations

Model selection from a general unrestricted model (GUM) can potentially confront three very different environments: over-, exact, and under-specification of the data generation process (DGP). In the first, and most-studied setting, the DGP is nested in the GUM, and the main role of general-to-specific (Gets) selection is to eliminate the irrelevant variables while retaining the relevant. In an exact specification, the theory formulation is precisely correct and can always be retained by 'forcing' during selection, but is nevertheless embedded in a broader model where possible omissions, breaks, non-linearity, or data contamination are checked. The most realistic case is where some aspects of the relevant DGP are correctly included, but some are omitted, leading to under-specification. We review the analysis of model selection procedures which allow for many relevant effects, but inadvertently omit others, yet irrelevant variables are also included in the GUM, and exploit the ability of automatic procedures to handle more variables than observations, and consequentially tackle perfect collinearity. Considering all of the possibilities - where it is not known which one obtains in practice - reveals that model selection can excel relative to just fitting a prior specification, yet has very low costs when an exact specification is correctly postulated initially.
Dissipative mechanism in Godunov‐type schemes

This paper concerns the dissipative mechanism in the shock capturing schemes, where exact or approximate Riemann solvers are used in the flux evaluation. More specifically, we are going to analyze the dissipation in the flux vector splitting (FVS) scheme and the Godunov method, from which some pathological phenomena from the FVS scheme and the Godunov method will be explained, such as the artificial dissipation and the shock instability. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
H ∞ filtering for non-linear systems with stochastic sensor saturations and Markov time delays: the asymptotic stability in probability

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 61490701, 61290324, 61273156, 61473163, and 61210012, and Research Fund for the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province of China, and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of E-business at Nanjing University of Finance and Economics of China under Grant JSEB201301, and Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program.
A Comparative Review on Company Specific Determinants for Sustainability Reporting in United Kingdom (UK) and Malaysia

This study aims to comparatively assess the effects of company-specific variables on the level of corporate social responsibility (CSR) information disclosed in publicly-traded companies from United Kingdom (UK) and Malaysia. Content analysis was applied to sampled reports from the FTSE 100 Index and FTSE Bursa KLCI against inferred meanings from the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)-derived coding base to identify similarities and/or differences in CSR disclosure practices. The Spearman’s correlation coefficients and multiple linear regressions (MLR) analyses further gauged the associations between the variables and total quantity of CSR disclosure (TQCSR ); and, determined the predictive determinants on sustainability reporting.The Spearman’s correlation has identified a negative association on leverage with TQCSR for UK companies. In contrast, the TQCSR in the Malaysian sample was positively associated with directors’ CSR-related experiences and profitability but negatively associated with company size. Results from MLR analyses presented company size as a significant determinant on sustainability reporting in the UK model, while directors’ experiences were indicated as the crucial determinant in the Malaysian model. This first, direct cross-market sustainability reporting study highlights the importance of board of directors’ CSR-relevant experience in influencing the level of CSR disclosures in publicly-traded companies.
PsychoGeography as Teaching Tool: Troubled Travels Through an Experimental First-Year Seminar

This article is a critical reflection on the effectiveness of an experimental teaching tool for the college classroom. In an experimental seminar, students are asked to wander around—across campus, in the city of the college, in their respective hometowns, and in shopping malls. By describing and theorizing their own experiences in “travelogues” students draw attention to highly political and often contentious issues, i.e., questions of class, social position, gender, race, agency, and the body. This article critically analyzes the successes and limits of such a project. Drawing on bell hooks’ theories, it suggests a pedagogy of space that demands that the teacher and the student confront, transgress, and transform the psychogeographies that structure, confuse, and complicate our lives.
Examining the Relationship between ETFS and Their Underlying Assets in Indian Capital Market

Exchange traded funds (ETFs) have completed a decade of their presence in Indian capital markets although their popularity has grown very recently. Since the ETFs are issued on the basis of their underlying assets, their price movements are supposed to follow those of the underlying index or other assets they represent. The paper evaluates comovemet between prices of ETFs in India and those of their underlying assets using the econometric technique of Vector Autoregressions. The findings suggest that while comovements are stronger in equity based ETF, such relation does not exist in commodity based ETF markets. The findings have significant implications on investment style to be adopted by investors in ETF market.
Photosensitizers Imprinting Intracellular Signaling Pathways in Dermato-Oncology Therapy

This chapter describes the main deregulated intracellular pathways at both genetic and proteomic levels that are found in three main skin cancers: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. In basal cell carcinoma, the main intracellular sig- naling pathways is the Sonic Hedgehog pathway, while in squamous cell carcinoma, it is the p53 pathway. However, in both nonmelanoma skin cancers, these major pathways trigger cross-activation with other important ones. In melanoma, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and PI3K/Akt pathways are deeply deregulated, and moreover due to the disease complexity, BRAF, RAS (N/H/K), NF1 and Triple-WT melanoma subtypes need additional molecular stratification. The stage in which photodynamic therapies’ clinical application is in the treatment of these diseases is another subject tackled by the chapter. Thus, if basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma possess in their thera- peutical armamentarium photodynamic therapies approach, melanoma, with its particularities, still needs thorough molecular investigations to adapt this particular therapy. Based on the accumulated knowledge on pathological intracellular pathways, the chapter describes the molecular details that reside in applying photodynamic therapy. In vivo and in vitro models of cutaneous malignancy and photodynamic therapies’ molecular events are further detailed.
Design and Research of Amphibious Cleaning Robot

This paper designed a control system based on STM32 as the main core of the control system of amphibious waters, cleaning robot, the overall design including hardware module circuit and software module two parts. Designed a new multi-function remote control type amphibious water cleaning robot, the robot cleaner by the control system module, bluetooth module, solar power supply module, motor module, garbage collection, sorting system module, hull and car body in an amphibious system composition, its special ground drive system and the surface drive system can realize amphibious type movement, through the mobile terminal equipment sends commands to the STM32 control system, which can realize remote control robot cleaner to designated waters homework, such as the implementation of cleaning robot move forward, backward, turn left, turn right, such as motor control, and complete garbage collection, sorting, handling, unloading and other tasks, through the test, can effectively achieve the surface of the robot clean homework tasks[1].
PII: S1359-4311(02)00022-4

This paper presents a simulation model for billet cooling during the billet’s transport from the reheating furnace to the rolling mill. During the transport, the billet is exposed to radiation, convection and conduction. Due to the rectangular shape of the billet, the three-dimensional finite-difference model could be applied to calculate the heat conduction inside the billet. The billets are reheated in a gas-fired walkingbeam furnace and are exposed to scaling. The model takes into account the effect of the thin oxide scale. We proved that the scale significantly affects the temperature distribution in the billet and should not be neglected. The model was verified by using a thermal camera. 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Factors of the Collaboration between the Upstream Supply Chain Actors: Case of the Automotive Sector in Morocco

This communication aims to identify collaboration determinants between actors in the supply chain of the automotive industry in Morocco. In fact, much research and publication have been conducted in the areas of relationships in the European and North American context supply chain (SC), which have to have a comprehensive understanding of the determinants that can influence the collaborative relationship between actors in the industrial supply chain. However, in developing countries such as Morocco, few authors have attempted to examine this question. In this context, it seemed appropriate to study industrial relations in order to achieve a better understanding of the determinants of collaboration. By entering in a sequential process, our methodology consists of two phases: an exploratory qualitative—to contextualize the model through semi-structured interviews with 15 actors of Moroccan automotive industry and the other confirmatory quantitative based on the development of a questionnaire to collect data and test hypotheses. Data collection was conducted among 67 companies. The empirical findings indicate that the determinants both transactional (dependence, formalization and control) and relational (trust, commitment, communication and information technology) influence the collaboration.
Hydrogen Storage in a Potential Well for Room-Temperature Applications

Hydrogen has a gravimetric energy density nearly 3 times that of gasoline, and yet does not emit carbon dioxide at all in burning. However, since hydrogen exists in a bulky gas form at ambient conditions, the problem in the safe and efficient storage of hydrogen is a serious obstacle to the commercial use of hydrogen as a fuel. There is a recent proposal that, if we store the molecular hydrogen gas in a potential well created inside a material, the storage density increases by a Boltzmann factor which can be enormously large with a moderate potential depth even at room temperature. In the present study, we carry out a theoretical analysis for the storage at room temperature. Starting from a realistic description of hydrogen gas using the van der Waals equation of state, the expression for the density enhancement in the potential well is obtained. Especially, the first-order expansion of the equation provides us with an analytic solution which correctly shows the effects of the excluded volume and the dispersion interaction. We interpret and discuss the results taking into account the limitations of the van der Waals model. Keywords-hydrogen storage; potential well; van der Waals equation
Evaluation of Concert Hall Auralization with Virtual Symphony Orchestra

Authenticity of the simulation of room acoustics is evaluated by comparing auralizations with real recordings. Impulse responses are recorded in two concert halls with 34 loudspeakers positioned on the stage in the shape of an orchestra and a 3D microphone probe for spatial reproduction. The acoustics of the same concert halls are simulated with acoustics modeling software. B-format impulse responses are calculated by using the identical source and receiver positions as in the real halls. Additionally, two processing methods are applied to the simulated responses in order to decrease the difference in acoustical impression. Objective room acoustic parameters between the real and simulated halls are compared, and a listening test utilizing convolutions with anechoic orchestral music is organized. The results suggest that the subjects can be categorized in two groups having preference of brightness or naturalness. Depending on the music style, auralizations with processed responses are assessed equal or better than the real hall in terms of instrument balance and brightness.
Response of the ocean, climate and terrestrial carbon cycle to Holocene freshwater discharge after 8 kyr BP

The “green” McGill Paleoclimate Model is run from 8 to 0 kyr BP under variable insolation (Milankovitch forcing), Taylor Dome CO2 (radiative forcing) and four prescribed meltwater scenarios (freshwater forcing) due to the retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS). For each scenario, we constrain the total volume of meltwater to be 1.62 × 1015 m3 (sea level‐equivalent of 4.62 m), which is obtained from the work of Paterson (1972) and the reconstructed sea level increase between 8 and 6 kyr BP. During each freshwater perturbation, the simulated maximum Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) intensity is reduced, by amounts of up to 8 Sv. During the time of a weakened MOC, the sea surface temperature is reduced in the high‐latitude North Atlantic and increased in the Southern Ocean. Our model results indicate that the freshwater impact on the Holocene climate and terrestrial carbon cycle is likely negligible after the 8.2‐kyr cold event. Only a large freshwater perturbation (>0.1 Sv) has a significant impact on the Holocene climate and terrestrial carbon cycle; it results in an enhanced cooling of about 1°C in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and notable drops in the global net primary productivity (2 PgC/yr) and total land carbon storage (40 PgC).
Simultaneous Quantification of Famotidine and Ibuprofen in Pharmaceutical Dosage by Using Validated Stability Indicating LC Method

A reverse phase liquid chromatographic analytical method was developed for the simultaneous determination of Famotidine and Ibuprofen content in tablet dosage form. The chromatographic separation was achieved by using YMC Cyano column with mobile phase containing a gradient mixture of 0.05M ammonium acetate in water as mobile phase A and acetonitrile as mobile phase B at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Both of the analyte were quantified with a UV detector at 270 nm. Famotidine and ibuprofen tablet were subjected to the stress conditions of oxidation, acid hydrolysis, base hydrolysis and thermolysis and photolysis. The tablet was found to be stable under thermal and photolytic conditions but degradation was observed in base hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis and oxidation. The stability-indicating capability of this method was demonstrated by adequate separation of the degradation peaks from those of the actives in the stress degraded samples. The method was validated for linearity, specificity, system suitability, precision and accuracy in accordance with ICH guidelines. The proposed method was applied to quantify famotidine and ibuprofen in the combined pharmaceutical tablet and stability studies of the same.
Differentiating Depression From Apathy in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Prospective Study

Background. Emotional deterioration is frequently found in patients with chronic kidney disease, but some patients are affected by depressed mood without fulfilling the criteria of a depressive disorder. Those patients might rather suffer from an apathy symptom. Apathy as a symptom of a medical disease is accompanied by loss of motivation and interest, cognitive impairments, and emotional distress. Our study tested how groups of apathetic and depressed chronic kidney disease patients responded to a single haemodialysis session on measures of mood. Methods. 21 haemodialysis patients were assigned to subgroups (depressed, apathetic only, without depression and apathy) according to clinical relevant cut-offs. Sensitive questionnaires were administered to monitor mood state in general and mood changes before and after a single haemodialysis session in the chronic kidney disease patients. The results were compared to 20 age-matched healthy controls receiving no treatment. Results. Fortheen dialysis patients had eighter apathy or depressen and seven had neighter apathy nor depression. Mood state was seriously affected in all haemodialysis patients with depressed patients showing the largest effect compared to healthy controls. Patients with apathy and patients without apathy and depression were comparable in their mood state. We observed a positive mood change after the haemodialysis only in patients without apathy and depression. Their mood state improved significantly and reached nearly the level of healthy controls. Conclusions. The absence of a short-term mood change in apathetic dialysis patients makes them comparable to dialysis patients with depression. We argue that apathetic patients lack the probable mood brightening effect of the haemodialysis. The lack of emotional improvement by dialysis sessions could also lead to decreased adherence of the patients. Hence, apathy seems to be a serious symptom in chronic kidney disease that is worth to be considered at least in the diagnostic process. Accompanying psychotherapeutic care for these patients would be desirable. DOI : 10.14302/issn.2476-1710.JDT-16-1262 Corressponding author: Robby Schoenfeld, postal address: Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Psychology, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany, phone: +49 345 5524 365, fax: +49 345 5524 218, email: robby.schoenfeld@psych.uni-halle.de Short title: Depression and apathy in CKD
SME’s main bank choice and organizational structure: Evidence from France

The theory suggests that decentralized structures are more efficient than hierarchical ones in decisions based on soft information. According to this, small banks that often have a decentralised structure are more attractive when customers are opaque ones. We propose to test this affirmation using a panel of 6.258 couples (main bank/SME) working in the French market. The results of our several regressions show the existence of a strong tie between the firm’s informational opacity and the choice of a decentralised bank. Moreover, opaque firms are more likely to be credit constrained if they choose a hierarchical bank as their main bank.
Cognitive Radio Transceivers: RF, Spectrum Sensing, and Learning Algorithms Review

A cognitive transceiver is required to opportunistically use vacant spectrum resources licensed to primary users. Thus, it relies on a complete adaptive behavior composed of: reconfigurable radio frequency (RF) parts, enhanced spectrum sensing algorithms, and sophisticated machine learning techniques. In this paper, we present a review of the recent advances in CR transceivers hardware design and algorithms. For the RF part, three types of antennas are presented: UWB antennas, frequency-reconfigurable/tunable antennas, and UWB antennas with reconfigurable band notches. The main challenges faced by the design of the other RF blocks are also discussed. Sophisticated spectrum sensing algorithms that overcome main sensing challenges such as model uncertainty, hardware impairments, and wideband sensing are highlighted. The cognitive engine features are discussed. Moreover, we study unsupervised classification algorithms and a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm that has been proposed to perform decision-making in CR networks.
COMPARISON AND EVALUATION OF AIR POLLUTION DISPERSION MODELSAERMOD AND ISCST-3 DURING PRE-MONSOON MONTH OVER RANCHI

Accurate representation of air pollutant dispersion is essential for environmental management and planning purposes. In the present study, two state-of-art air pollution dispersion models, namely AERMOD and ISCST-3 are implemented during the pre-monsoon period of 2010 at Ranchi. AERMOD model is equipped with comprehensive atmospheric boundary layer processes and the other model is based on Gaussian Plume Dispersion concepts only. The purpose of the study is to understand the dispersion of air pollutants such as SO2, NOX and PM10 at Ranchi and additionally the model inter-comparison. The AERMOD model derived boundary layer parameters are validated with the available micro-meteorological tower based in-site measurements and upper air measurements at Ranchi during 1-7 April 2010. The results indicate that boundary layer process which influence the dispersion of the pollutants are better represented in AERMOD model. Spatial distribution of the above-mentioned air pollutants is estimated using AERMOD and ISCST-3 over Ranchi. Dispersion patterns are compared with the windroses. Validation of the concentration distribution of air pollutants of these models are done and found that AERMOD is performing better than ISCST-3. This study advocates that for all air pollution assessment studies it is better to use AERMOD to that of ISCST-3.
BALANCE TRAINING IN AMPUTEES: COMPARISON OF THE OUTCOME OF TWO REHABILITATION APPROACHES

SUMMARY Introduction: Since the primary purpose of lower limb amputee rehabilitation is safe and functional ambulation, problems in postural stability have a negative effect on prosthetic rehabilitation. The study presented here was performed to research the effectiveness of two training procedures on the balance of below-knee amputees. Material and Methods: Forty amputees with a mean age of 40 years were participated in this study. Control and study groups were consisted from twenty amputees each. Amputees in the study group were treated with balancing activities using balance board and audio-visual stimulus, while strengthening, posture and parallel bar activities were given to control group as conventional approach. In balance assessments "Flamingo Balance Test" is used. Results: Finally an important difference was found between the pre and post treatment values of balance on single foot while eyes were opened and closed (p < 0.05) in favor of the study group. Conclusion: Consequently, it can be said that using balance board in balance training is an effective way of achieving adequate balance in amputees.
Analysis of Active and Passive Power FiltersFor Power Quality Improvement underDifferent Load Conditions

In this work a new control strategy for simulation of three phase hybrid power filter for power quality improvement is adapted. This filter consists of shunt passive LC power filter and series active filter, with nonlinear balanced and unbalanced loads and also with variation in the source impedance. A new control method based on dual formulation of instantaneous reactive power vectorial theory is applied by considering a balanced and resistive load as reference load, so that the voltage waveform injected by the active filter is able to attain the objective of achieving reactive power compensation. This also helps in eliminating load current harmonics and also in balancing asymmetrical loads i.e., for achieving ideal behaviour for the set hybrid filter load, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is reduced and power factor is improved. This method improves passive filter compensation characteristics without depending on system impedance, avoids the danger of passive filter behaves as harmonic drain of close loads and avoiding series and / or parallel resonance problems. And compensation is also possible with variable loads without detuning the passive filter. And is applied for creating LG/LL faults at the source side. The results show that the active filter improves the compensation characteristics of the passive filter and reactive power is compensated.