Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two-stage product platform development for mass customisation

Designing new products based on those features (platforms) that have proven successful or ‘fit’ is generally termed as ‘platform product development (PPD)’. This approach provides a basis for mass customisation (MC) which largely enhances an enterprise's competitiveness in terms of the speed, quality and cost. Currently, however, the PPD approach is heavily dependent on the experience and skills of individual designers and managers. Researchers have been working on platform leveraging strategies at the strategic level, and guidelines for better structuring the approach to facilitate its adoption and implementation. This research project recognises an equal need for scientific decision supports at the tactical level for design practitioners and managers to address fundamental questions such as: (A) how a platform should be established for a family of products in a given industrial and market context; and (B) how a product development team chooses and then customises the most appropriate product platform to meet the customer requirements from a specific market segment with particular manufacturing resources and supply bases. This paper describes a scientific and effective decision – genetic algorithm to assist product development practitioners and managers with major decision activities in the process of platform product development under several focus areas.
The best of both worlds: a critical pedagogy of place

Taking the position that “critical pedagogy” and “place‐based education” are mutually supportive educational traditions, this author argues for a conscious synthesis that blends the two discourses into a critical pedagogy of place. An analysis of critical pedagogy is presented that emphasizes the spatial aspects of social experience. This examination also asserts the general absence of ecological thinking demonstrated in critical social analysis concerned exclusively with human relationships. Next, a discussion of ecological place‐based education is offered. Finally, a critical pedagogy of place is defined. This pedagogy seeks the twin objectives of decolonization and “reinhabitation” through synthesizing critical and place‐based approaches. A critical pedagogy of place challenges all educators to reflect on the relationship between the kind of education they pursue and the kind of places we inhabit and leave behind for future generations. “Place + people = politics. ”—Williams (2001, p. 3) * This paper was originally published in Educational Researcher, Vol. 32, No.4, pp. 3–12 and is reprinted here in full with permission from the publishers. The author has since changed his name to David A. Greenwood.
Chromosomal Abnormalities in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients of Orissa and Their Prognostic Implications

Chromosomal abnormalities in 55 AML patients from Orissa (India) were studied. Of them, 12 patients had only abnormal metaphases (AA), 41 patients had both normal and abnormal metaphases (AN) and the rest 2 patients exhibited only normal metaphases (NN). Basing on the number of chromosome all the patients were classified into 5 sub-groups like (1) normal diploidy with 46 chromosomes in 2 patients, (2) pseudodiploidy group with 46 chromosomes and some structural abnormalities in 4 patients, (3) hypodiploid group with 50 chromosomes in 4 patients. Primary translocations like t(8, 21), t(1, 14), t(9, 22) were detected in 8, 1 and 7 patients respectively. In addition, secondary aberrations were also observed in 36 patients. These secondary aberrations were mostly unstable and nonclonal ones which were present singly or in various combinations. Maximum number of patients achieved complete remmission (CR) from AN subgroup (46.3%) hyperdiploidy-B group (100%), patients with t(8; 21) translocation (75%), patients with trisomy 22 and patients with no secondary aberrations. This study suggests that hyperdiploidy, t(8, 21), trisomy 8, presence of both normal and abnormal metaphases and absence of secondary aberrations are the favourable prognosticators while presence of only abnormal metaphases, presence of more than one secondary aberration, t(9, 22) translocation, hypodiploidy and monosomy 7 are unfavourable prognosticators.
Strategies to Model a Suite of Remanent Magnetization Anomalies

Introduction Most magnetic field interpretation is based on the assumption that magnetization is in the same direction as the ambient geomagnetic field, and there is a widely held suspicion that anomalies cannot be inverted without this assumption. In this paper we aim to establish that the problems of uncertain magnetization direction can be largely overcome utilising both staged inversion and magnetic moment analysis (MMA). Induced magnetization has a single, known direction. Not only may a remanent magnetization direction be unknown, but it may also be variable across a wide range of scales. Palaeomagnetic studies address this variability with collection of multiple samples from multiple sites (generally outcrops, quarries or road-cuts) for hierarchical statistical analysis. For rapidly cooled volcanic or sub-volcanic bodies, magnetization directions may vary due to short-term changes in the geomagnetic field. For deeper, more slowly cooled bodies, or for bodies formed by multi-phase intrusions, magnetization direction may vary due to apparent polar wander. Furthermore, remanent magnetization of rocks with a complex thermal history may include over-prints of components of different direction acquired at different times, with variable contributions to the overall magnetization in different samples. Magnetization directions may also vary due to any post-acquisition tectonic rotations. The magnetic field generated by a body depends on the resultant of induced and remanent magnetizations, determined by the Koenigsberger (or “Q”) ratio, which generally is also highly variable across a wide range of scales. To properly incorporate remanent magnetizations in a magnetic field interpretation we can not expect to just replace the geomagnetic field direction of an induced magnetization with a predetermined remanent magnetization direction. Rather, the interpretation of anomalies caused in substantial part by remanent magnetization requires flexible and adaptive methods. In this paper we firstly review the derivation of magnetization direction by MMA of vector components and the gradient tensor of the magnetic field. Then we investigate the combination of inversion and MMA in a study of the Newcastle Range Volcanics in north-west Queensland. This volcanic province has bodies with a wide range of shapes, sizes, complexities and settings, many with magnetizations dominated by remanence. Each anomaly presents an opportunity to determine magnetization direction with its own particular challenges. A palaeomagnetic study of the same rocks by Anderson et al (2003) provides data with which to validate and classify magnetization directions derived from the magnetic field interpretation.
Distribution of color-morphs of the Eastern Screech-Owl in Iowa

Abstract The distinct rufous and gray color-morphs of the Eastern Screech-Owl (Megascops asio) have long intrigued ornithologists. Eastern Screech-Owls range across the eastern half of the United States, where the morph ratio varies from >70% rufous birds in the center of the range to <30% rufous at the periphery. Although the adaptive significance of polymorphism is, in general, poorly understood, careful mapping of the morph-frequency and determination of ratio clines is a first step toward understanding this phenomenon. In this paper, I examine the distribution of Eastern Screech-Owl color-morphs in Iowa, which lies in the northwestern part of the species' range. I collected 519 records of Iowa screech-owls from museum curators, wildlife rehabilitators, bird-banders, and bird watchers. For all records combined, 41.0% were rufous morphs, 55.7% were gray morphs, and 3.3% were intermediates. For all birds of known sex, 44.7% (21/47) of males and 57.6% (34/59) of females were rufous; the difference was not statistically significant, but the results are consistent with a trend in other studies suggesting that females are more likely than males to be rufous. The percentage of rufous screech-owls increased clinally from west to east across Iowa, but did not change from north to south. Because annual precipitation exhibits a longitudinal pattern in Iowa and annual temperature exhibits a latitudinal pattern, this suggests that the morph ratio pattern in Iowa is influenced more by precipitation than by temperature. Based on records dating 1880–2003, the percentage of rufous birds decreased from the early to later decades of the 20th century. The range-wide distribution of morph ratio clines fits a model where rufous morphs are better-adapted at the center of the range but gray morphs are selected for toward the periphery.
Plant traits and temporal scale: evidence from a 5‐year invasion experiment using native species

1 A long‐term experiment was established in 1990 in which seeds of 54 native species, not originally present at the site, were sown into a fertility × disturbance matrix established in unproductive limestone grassland at the Buxton Climate Change Impacts Laboratory (BCCIL). The objective was to examine the roles of productivity and disturbance as major factors controlling the invasibility of plant communities, and to identify the functional characteristics of successful invaders in response to different types of invasion opportunity. The results of the first 2 years of the study have already been published. 2 After 2 years, invasion was strongly promoted by disturbance and less so by increased fertility. Three years later the cover of invaders had declined over most of the matrix, and the greatest cover of sown species was where the highest levels of fertility and disturbance coincided. However, no part of the fertility–disturbance matrix was immune to invasion and the area of the matrix occupied by each of the sown species that successfully established was unique. Abundance of invaders was reduced by low soil pH. 3 The identity and distribution of the successful invaders changed as the early stages of invasion gave way to a later stage of consolidation. After 2 years regenerative traits (seed mass and germination characteristics) were the best predictors of success. After 5 years these traits were unrelated to success of the invaders, the most successful invaders were perennial grasses, and no single trait was a good predictor of invasiveness. 4 Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that invasions are promoted by an increase in the availability of resources, either through addition of extra resources or a reduction in their use by the resident vegetation.
Natural Fermentation of Lentils: Influence of Time, Concentration and Temperature on the Kinetics of Hydrolysis of Inositol Phosphates

Lentil (Lens culinaris var vulgaris) flour was naturally fermented for 96 h at various conditions of concentration (79, 150 and 221 g litre -1 ) and temperature (28°C, 35°C and 42°C). The content of total inositol phosphates (IP-total) and individual inositol phosphates (hexa- (IP 6 ), penta- (IP 5 ), tetra- (IP 4 ) and tri- (IP 3 ) phosphates) were analysed to establish the changes of these compounds during natural fermentation of lentils. The preparation of the lentil suspension brought about 16-27% reduction of the total inositol phosphates. At the end of 96 h of natural fermentation maximum IP loss (70-75%) was achieved for an experiment carried out at minimum concentration. For IP 6 , the largest decrease was achieved at the highest temperature, the fermentation condition that also brought about the highest IP 5 content.
Waste Water Disposal: Polluted Aquifer Cleanup Optimization by Using Genetic Algorithms

Water produced constitutes a large amount of waste fluids during the production operation of an oil field. Underground injection for disposing of the waste water from hydrocarbon production is an engineering problem due to the possibility of leakage of injected pollutant material from the receiving medium to a drinking-water source. In this study, for the remediation of a polluted aquifer, a computer program was developed by using an analytical model approach based on hydrodynamic isolation, and the program was incorporated with genetic algorithms (GAs) for optimum design solution. As a case study, a contaminated area was created by using a ground water transport simulator based on the method of characteristics (MOC). Then the computer program was run to find the optimum solution for remediation, and the solution produced by the program was verified by using a ground water simulator. The plume was captured and the concentration level of chloride ion within the aquifer was diminished by using extraction wells. The analytical model approach provided different alternatives for appropriate isolation of plume. GAs were used as an optimization technique for making a decision among the alternatives, by consid ering operation time, number of wells, pumping rate, and draw down as decision variables and constraints.
Global optimization for signomial discrete programming problems in engineering design

Signomial discrete programming (SDP) problems arise frequently in a variety of real applications. Although many optimization techniques have been developed to solve an SDP problem, they use too many binary variables to reformulate the problem for finding a globally optimal solution or can only derive a local or an approximate solution. This article proposes a global optimization method to solve an SDP problem by integrating an efficient linear expression of single variable discrete functions and convexification techniques. An SDP problem can be converted into a convex mixed-integer programming problem solvable to obtain a global optimum. Several illustrative examples are also presented to demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Population Structure and Curative Uses of Invasive Plants in and around the Protected Forests of Bangladesh: A Means of Utilization of Potential Invasive Species

Invasive plants were planted in Bangladesh to improve the stand stock quickly and meet the country’s rapidly growing demand for timber. Although invasive species have negative impacts on local ecosystems, but some species are useful too. Therefore, the present study was conducted in and around two protected forests of Bangladesh to assess the status, species diversity, and curative uses of invasive plants. A total of 60 sample plots were surveyed from 5 habitat types, for example, forest, roadside, homestead, fallow land, and others. Plants uses data were collected through interviews and focus group discussions. Study recorded 43 invasive medicinal plant species belonging to 28 families, of which Asteraceae constituted the highest family importance value (21.9). Among the habitat types, fallow land (32 species) and roadside (29 species) possess the highest number of species. Based on people’s perceptions, plants were categorized into three level of invasion: low (11 species), moderate (19 species), and high (13 species). The use of aerial plant parts was higher (68%) than the whole plant (17%). Consensus of local community’s (ICF) was high in managing gastrointestinal (0.65) followed by respiratory (0.60) diseases. A number of biological diversity indices were applied to quantify definite diversity. Therefore, a national programme must be initiated to increased invasive plant inventory, monitoring, and research on distinguishing the harmful from the harmless species and identifying the potential uses of invasive species.
Raccoon habitat use at 2 spatial scales

Among the numerous studies of raccoon (Procyon lotor) habitat use, none have explicitly considered habitat use at multiple spatial scales. Fifty-seven sites were selected in the vicinity of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. An index of raccoon abundance was obtained from 2 tracking stations at each site. Macrohabitat features were measured in a 1-km radius circle (314 ha) around each site. Microhabitat woody vegetation features were characterized in a 10-m radius around each tracking station. Using stepwise Poisson regression analyses, we found that raccoons frequented: (1) woody vegetation features that are associated with fencerows, den trees, and deciduous stands, (2) macrohabitats with extensive agricultural edge, and (3) wooded remnants in areas with extensive corn cover. This information on raccoon habitat use in rural areas will aid in rabies control programs and identifies localities where heavy raccoon depredation is likely to occur.
Survival and cell culturability of biocontrol Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 in lysimeter effluent water and utilization of a deleterious genetic modification to study the impact of the strain on numbers of resident culturable bacteria

Little is known on the behavior of soil-inoculated biocontrol pseudomonads once they are transported to deeper soil layers and/or groundwater levels after a heavy rain. This issue was investigated in inoculated microcosms containing lysimeter effluent water, and experimental conditions mimicking a worse-case scenario for potential bacterial dissemination were chosen. First, the survival of the polyketide-producing biocontrol strain Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0-Rif was studied for 175 days at two inoculation levels in unamended and nutrient-amended lysimeter effluent water, and its impact on numbers of resident culturable bacteria was determined. Cell numbers of CHA0-Rif declined to 3–4 log cells ml−1 (at high inoculum level) or reached the detection limit or below (at low inoculum level) by day 175, without generating significant numbers of non-culturable cells. At high inoculum level, strain CHA0-Rif resulted durably (from day 50 to 175) in higher numbers of the total resident culturable bacteria when compared with the uninoculated control. This effect, which did not take place at low inoculum level or when nutrients had been added, contrasts with the transient ecological impact of the strain on rhizosphere bacterial populations in previous studies. Neither 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol nor pyoluteorin were found in the water using HPLC, and inoculation with CHA0-Rif had no effect on the percentages of the total culturable aerobic bacteria sensitive to either antimicrobial polyketide on day 20. Second, the impact of CHA0-Rif on numbers of resident culturable bacteria was compared with that of CHA0-Rif(pME3424). Plasmid pME3424 carries an extra copy of the strain's rpoD gene (encoding sigma factor σ70). CHA0-Rif(pME3424) disappeared within 50 days in the water, but had the same impact as CHA0-Rif on the total number of resident culturable bacteria. This suggests that the impact of CHA0-Rif took place at the early stages of the experiment and was probably linked to the release of nutrients by introduced cells during inoculant decline.
Patterns of coral recruitment and post-settlement mortality on Bermuda's reefs: comparisons to Caribbean and Pacific reefs

The recruitment of juvenile corals and post-settlement mortality are important processes for coral population dynamics and reef community ecology. I monitored juvenile coral recruitment and survival on a severely disturbed reef in Bermuda from 1981 to 1989 and on adjacent healthy reefs from 1986 to 1990. Porites astreoides was the dominant recruiting species at all sites, due to the release of brooded planulae that may settle rapidly. The dominant corals on Bermuda's reef, Diploria spp. , were poor recruiters, perhaps due to the broadcast mode of reproduction of these species. However, Diploria spp. have lower juvenile mortality rates compared to P. astreoides, which may explain their abundance on Bermuda's reefs
Malicious PDF – A Review

- Nowadays one of the serious threats to system security is malicious PDF files. Attacks via malicious PDF files usually occur through email communications. Various social engineering techniques are being used by the attackers to make users open malicious files. In this paper overview of PDF file structure is provided and basic attacks that occur via PDF files are discussed.
Repetitive Solid Phase Glycosylation on an Alkyl Thiol Polymer Leading to Sugar Oligomers Containing 1,2-trans- and 1,2-cis-Glycosidic Linkages†

Repetitive solid phase glycosylation with sugar trichloroacetimidates is performed on an alkyl thiol polymer, demonstrating the selective formation of glycosidic bonds. The α-mannose and α-fucose linkages representing examples of 1,2-trans- and 1,2-cis-glycosides are synthesized. It is shown that the presented system can be operated in a cyclic manner, thus allowing many consecutive reaction steps to be performed on the solid support. Reaction conditions for solid phase glycosylation and deprotection are described. Analysis of all solid phase reactions is performed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry; the yield of solid phase glycosylation is quantitative up to the tetrameric stage judged from the mass spectra obtained from partial product cleavage after each reaction. Cleavage conditions for analysis and preparative isolation by thiophilic Lewis acids and oxidative methods are optimized.
Forced Migration and Human Capital Accumulation: Evidence from Post-WWII Population Transfers∗

We exploit a unique historical setting to study the long-run effects of forced migration on investment in education. As a result of World War II, the Polish borders were redrawn, resulting in large-scale migration. Poles were forced to move from the Eastern Borderlands (taken over by the USSR) and resettled to the newly acquired Western Territories, from which Germans were expelled. The largely emptied Western Territories were also the destination of voluntary migrants from Central Poland. We can thus compare forced migrants with voluntary migrants from the same ethnicity, allowing us to bypass typical confounding factors such as different cultural or linguistic background of migrants, and competition with natives in the destination labor market. We combine historical censuses with newly collected survey data to show that descendants of forced migrants are more educated than the descendants of voluntary migrants. This difference is not driven by selection of either group of migrants, by pre-war differences, or by local labor market conditions. Instead, survey evidence suggests that forced migration led to a shift in preferences, away from material possessions and towards investment in mobile assets such as human capital. The effects persist over three generations. JEL: N33, N34, D74, I25
Synthesis and characterization of imidazolinium surfactants derived from tallow fatty acids and diethylenetriamine

This paper describes the synthesis of long-chain dialkylamido imidazolines based on tallow fatty acids and diethylenetriamine, followed by their quaternization. Imidazolines were obtained by non-solvent microwave synthesis using calcium oxide as support, which were then quaternized by using dimethyl sulfate as a quaternizing agent and iso-propanol as a solvent, to produce cationic imidazolinium salts. The synthesized cationic imidazoline surfactants were evaluated for yield and cationic content. The instrumental techniques, viz. FT-IR and 1 H-NMR, verified the formation of imidazolines and their subsequent quaternization. The surface-active and performance properties of the cationic imidazolines in terms of critical micelle concentration, surface tension, dispersibility, emulsion stability, softening, rewettability and antistatic properties were also reported.