Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Climate change undermines the global functioning of marine food webs

Sea water temperature affects all biological and ecological processes that ultimately impact ecosystem functioning. In this study, we examine the influence of temperature on global biomass transfers from marine secondary production to fish stocks. By combining fisheries catches in all coastal ocean areas and life‐history traits of exploited marine species, we provide global estimates of two trophic transfer parameters which determine biomass flows in coastal marine food web: the trophic transfer efficiency (TTE) and the biomass residence time (BRT) in the food web. We find that biomass transfers in tropical ecosystems are less efficient and faster than in areas with cooler waters. In contrast, biomass transfers through the food web became faster and more efficient between 1950 and 2010. Using simulated changes in sea water temperature from three Earth system models, we project that the mean TTE in coastal waters would decrease from 7.7% to 7.2% between 2010 and 2100 under the ‘no effective mitigation’ representative concentration pathway (RCP8.5), while BRT between trophic levels 2 and 4 is projected to decrease from 2.7 to 2.3 years on average. Beyond the global trends, we show that the TTEs and BRTs may vary substantially among ecosystem types and that the polar ecosystems may be the most impacted ecosystems. The detected and projected changes in mean TTE and BRT will undermine food web functioning. Our study provides quantitative understanding of temperature effects on trophodynamic of marine ecosystems under climate change.
The Underground Exchange of Diabetes Medications and Supplies: Donating, Trading, and Borrowing, Oh My!

Background: The cost of diabetes medications and supplies is rising, resulting in access challenges. This study assessed the prevalence of and factors predicting underground exchange activities—donating, trading, borrowing, and purchasing diabetes medications and supplies. Research Design and Methods: A convenience sample of people affected by diabetes was recruited online to complete a survey. Mixed method analysis was undertaken, including logistic regression to examine the relationship between self-reported difficulty purchasing diabetes medications and supplies and engagement in underground exchange activity. Thematic qualitative analysis was used to examine open-text responses. Results: Participants (N = 159) self-reported engagement in underground exchange activities, including donating (56.6%), donation receiving (34.6%), trading (23.9%), purchasing (15.1%), and borrowing (22%). Such activity took place among a variety of individuals, including friends, family, coworkers, online acquaintances and strangers. Diabetes-specific financial stress predicted engagement in trading diabetes mediations or supplies (OR 6.3, 95% CI 2.2-18.5) and receiving donated medications or supplies (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.1-7.2). One overarching theme, unmet needs, and three subthemes emerged: (1) factors influencing underground exchange activity, (2) perceived benefits of underground exchange activity, and (3) perceived consequences of underground exchange activity. Conclusion: Over half of the participants in this study engaged in underground exchange activities out of necessity. Providers must be aware about this underground exchange and inquire about safety and possible alternative resources. There is an urgent need to improve access to medications that are essential for life. Our study points to a failure in the US healthcare system since such underground exchanges may not be necessary if medications and supplies were accessible.
Distinct and similar patterns of emotional development in adolescents and young adults

Abstract Adolescence is a developmental period of increased sensitivity to social emotional cues, but it is less known whether young adults demonstrate similar social emotional sensitivity. The current study tested variation in reaction times to emotional face cues during different phases of emotional development. Ex‐Gaussian parameters mu, sigma, and tau were computed, in addition to mean, median and standard deviation (SD) in reaction times (RT) during an emotional go/nogo‐paradigm with fearful, happy, and calm facial expressions in 377 participants, 6–30 years of age. Across development, mean RT showed slowing to fearful facial expressions relative to both calm and happy facial cues, but mu revealed that this pattern was specific to adolescence. In young adulthood, increased variability to fearful expressions relative to both happy and calm ones was captured by SD and tau. The findings that adolescents had longer response latencies to fearful faces, whereas young adults demonstrated greater response variability to fearful faces, together reflect how social emotional processing continues to evolve from adolescence into early adulthood. The findings suggest that young adulthood is also a vulnerable period for processing social emotional cues that ultimately may be important to better understand why different psychopathologies emerge in early adulthood.
A Randomized Trial of Multiple-Patient Simulation Preparation to Improve Novice Nurses’ Competence and Self-Efficacy

Abstract AIM The purpose of the study was to determine best practices for multiple-patient simulation (MPS) preparation and frequency to improve behavioral performance in nursing students. BACKGROUND MPS provides a safe environment for novice nurses to practice priority setting, delegation, and multitasking, but evidence for best practices is needed. METHOD A multisite, blinded, randomized trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of three simulation preparation methods (expert modeling, voice-over PowerPoint, and reading assignments) on students’ competence and self-efficacy for providing care to multiple patients in the simulation lab. Participants (n = 73) were enrolled in capstone clinical courses at two schools of nursing. RESULTS Though there was no difference in raw change in competence score among the study groups, there was a statistically significant difference in pretest and posttest scores. The change in self-efficacy did not correlate with the change in competence. CONCLUSION These findings will help educators understand how novice nurses benefit from repeated MPS activities.
N-Acetylcysteine for Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Small Pilot Study.

Background: Many children and adults with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) fail to respond to first-line pharmacological and behavioral treatments. Glutamate dysfunction may contribute to the development of OCD. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a glutamate modulating drug, has shown to be a promising agent in adults with OCD. Methods: We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial from July 2012 to January 2017. Children ages 8 to 17 years with OCD were assigned to receive NAC (up to 2700 mg/day) or the matching placebo for a period of 12 weeks. Children were required to be on stable psychiatric treatment (both medication and therapy) but were not required to be treatment-refractory. The primary outcome was OCD symptom severity as measured by the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS). We used linear mixed models to analyze the effect of NAC compared to placebo. Results: Due to poor recruitment and eventual expiration of the study medication, enrollment was stopped at 11 children out of a planned sample size of 40. Nonetheless, NAC was associated with significant reduction in CY-BOCS total score compared to placebo (Satterthwaite's test: t (37) = 2.36, p = 0.024) with effects separating from placebo beginning at week 8. Mean CY-BOCS total score decreased in the NAC group from 21.4 ± 4.65 at baseline to 14.4 ± 5.55 at week 12. In the placebo group, mean CY-BOCS total score remained unchanged (21.3 ± 4.65). In the NAC group, 1 out of 5 participants achieved >35% improvement in CY-BOCS total score, while none of the six patients in placebo group reached this improvement level. NAC and placebo were well tolerated. One mild adverse event was reported in each group. Conclusions: Our trial suggests that there may be some initial improvement in OCD symptom severity with NAC treatment. NAC was well tolerated in the study population. Future trials should employ multiple sites and have a larger study population to further confirm any benefits of NAC.
Decision Support Modeling: Data Assimilation, Uncertainty Quantification, and Strategic Abstraction

We present a framework for design and deployment of decision support modeling based on metrics which have their roots in the scientific method. Application of these metrics to decision support modeling requires recognition of the importance of data assimilation and predictive uncertainty quantification in this type of modeling. The difficulties of implementing these procedures depend on the relationship between data that is available for assimilation and the nature of the prediction(s) that a decision support model is required to make. Three different data/prediction contexts are identified. Unfortunately, groundwater modeling is generally aligned with the most difficult of these. It is suggested that these difficulties can generally be ameliorated through appropriate model design. This design requires strategic abstraction of parameters and processes in a way that is optimal for the making of one particular prediction but is not necessarily optimal for the making of another. It is further suggested that the focus of decision support modeling should be on the ability of a model to provide receptacles for decision‐pertinent information rather than on its purported ability to simulate environmental processes. While models are compromised in both of these roles, this view makes it clear that simulation should serve data assimilation and not the other way around. Data assimilation enables the uncertainties of decision‐critical model predictions to be quantified and maybe reduced. Decision support modeling requires this.
ALCOOLISMO - ESTUDO EPIDEMIOLÓGICO NO MUNICÍPIO DE ARARAQUARA (SP).

This work aimed to study the prevalence of alcoholism associated with anthropometrical indices from the nutritional status as well as its relation to demographic characteristics of inhabitants over 18 years old from Araraquara, SP. The experiment design consisted of selecting samples from probabilistic stratified analysis according to census sectors and gender. A total of 1,710 adults were included in this study. It was performed interviews by telephone, all made by one person. As screening test it was applied the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. In order to verify the associations of interest it was applied the chi-square test ( ). The significance level implemented was 5.00%. The sample was composed of 50.00% of men and the participants were predominantly married (62.98%), social class C (42.05%), high school level complete or graduation incomplete (37.89%), participant in some religion (89.59%), workers (58.95%), non-smokers (87.43%) and eutrophic nutritional status (46.67%). It was verified high number of overweight individuals (51.01%). From all interviewed, 21.52% were classified as abstainers, 60.06% as moderate drinkers and 18.42% presented risk drinking behavior. There was significant association between drinking alcohol pattern and gender ( =154.105, p=0.001), economical level ( =7.469, p=0.024), religion ( =12.360, p=0.001), occupation ( =28.795, p=0.001), smoking habit ( =28.486, p=0.001) and nutritional status ( =9.357, p=0.009). The binge drinking behavior was observed in 11.40% of the participants. There was significant association between binge drinking behavior and gender ( =96.323, p=0.001), economical level ( =9.297, p=0.010), school level ( =4.502, p=0.034), religion ( =11.652, p=0.001), occupation ( =24.574, p=0.001), smoking habit ( =8.182, p=0.004) and nutritional status ( =11.851, p=0.009). In front of the results, the risk drinking prevalence and its association with social-demographic characteristics in the population evaluated justify attention of authorities from the city of Araraquara in order to address the strategies for prevention and combat to risk alcohol consumption and to alcoholism. Key-words: Alcoholism, Epidemiology, Alcohol related disorders.
Intrinsic functional connectivity, CSF biomarker profiles and their relation to cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment

Abstract Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) often precedes Alzheimer’s Dementia (AD), and in a high proportion of individuals affected by MCI, there are already neuropathological processes ongoing that become more evident when patients progress to AD. Accordingly, there is a need for reliable biomarkers to distinguish between normal aging and incipient AD. Recent research suggests that, in addition to established biomarkers such as CSF Aß42, total tau and hyperphosphorylated tau, resting state connectivity established by functional magnetic resonance imaging might also be a feasible biomarker for prodromal stages of AD. In order to explore this possibility, we investigated resting state functional connectivity as well as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker profiles in patients with MCI (n = 30; age 66.43 ± 7.06 years) and cognitively healthy controls (n = 38; age 66.89 ± 7.12 years). CSF Aß42, total tau and hyperphosphorylated tau concentrations were correlated with measures of cognitive performance (immediate and delayed recall, global cognition, processing speed). Moreover, MCI-related alterations in intrinsic functional connectivity within the default mode network were investigated using functional resting state MRI. As expected, MCI patients showed decreased CSF Aß42 and increased total tau concentrations. These alterations were associated with cognitive performance. However, there were no differences between MCI patients and cognitively healthy controls regarding intrinsic functional connectivity. In conclusion, our results indicate that CSF protein profiles seem to be more closely related to cognitive decline than alterations in resting state activity. Thus, resting state connectivity might not be a reliable biomarker for early stages of AD.
Therapy for patients with burns - an integrating review.

OBJECTIVE to identify, through an integrative review, national studies published over the last ten years highlighting products and therapies used in burns. METHODS integrative research with studies published in the last ten years. Including clinical studies describing the use of the already established or innovative therapies in burns and the results obtained, published in national journals in the last ten years. Excluding articles published before 2007 and those that did not present results regarding the use of products in burns. RESULTS ten articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Collagenase, 1% silver sulfadiazine, and porous cellulose membrane were some of the therapies cited. CONCLUSION the casuistry was low; however, the good results obtained with porous cellulose membrane and silver nanocrystalline dressing are highlighted, since they were used in a larger number of patients in the studies evaluated.
Second-coordination sphere effects on selectivity and specificity of heme and nonheme iron enzymes.

Mononuclear iron containing enzymes are highly versatile oxidants that often react stereospecifically and/or regioselectively with substrates. Combined experimental and computational studies on heme monoxygenases, nonheme iron dioxygenases and halogenases have revealed the intricate details of the second-coordination sphere that determine this specificity and selectivity. These second-coordination sphere effects originate from the positioning of the substrate and oxidant, which involve the binding of the co-factors and substrate into the active site of the protein. In addition, some enzymes affect the selectivity and reactivity through charge-stabilization from nearby bound cations/anions, an induced electric field or through the positioning of salt-bridges and hydrogen bonding interactions to first-coordination sphere iron ligands and/or the substrate. Examples of all of these second-coordination sphere effects in iron-containing enzymes and how these influence structure and reactivity are given.
Isolation and characterization of the EgWRI1 promoter from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) and its response to environmental stress and ethylene

WRI1 is a plant-specific transcription factor that enhances the accumulation of oils through the upregulation of the expression of genes involved in glycolysis and fatty acid biosynthesis. In this study, the EgWRI1 promoter from oil palm was isolated and characterized in transgenic Arabidopsis. The sequence analysis results revealed that various putative plant regulatory elements are present in the EgWRI1 promoter region. The EgWRI1 promoter and beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene were transcriptionally fused and transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana. Histochemical analysis revealed that GUS staining was very strong in whole seedlings, especially the stems, leaves, and siliques. Moreover, GUS staining was strong in the silique coats but weak in the seeds. Furthermore, to detect whether EgWRI1 was induced by environmental stress, we detected the expression efficiency of the EgWRI1 promoter in transgenic Arabidopsis treated with low temperature, darkness, and exogenous ethylene. The results showed that the activity of the EgWRI1 promoter was induced by darkness but suppressed significantly when exposed to exogenous ethylene. When treated with low temperature, the activity of the EgWRI1 promoter was first reduced after 24 hours but recovered after 48 hours. Taken together, these results reveal the features of the EgWRI1 promoter from oil palm, which will be helpful for improving oil accumulation in oil palm via reasonable cultivation methods.
Coordinated Optical Matching of a Texture Interface Made from Demixing Blended Polymers for High Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

The continuing increase of the efficiency of perovskite solar cells has pushed the internal quantum efficiency approaching 100%, which means the light-to-carrier and then the following carrier transportation and extraction are no longer limiting factors in photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells. However, the optimal efficiency is still far lower than the Shockley-Queisser efficiency limit, especially for those inverted perovskite solar cells, indicating significant fraction of light do not transmit into the active perovskite layer to be absorbed there. Here a planar inverted perovskite solar cell (ITO/PTAA/perovskite/PC61BM/bathocuproine (BCP)/Ag) is chosen as an example and we show that the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of it can be significantly improved by simply texturing the Poly [bis (4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) layer. By washing the film prepared from mixed polymer solution of PTAA and Polystyrene (PS), a textured PTAA/perovskite interface is introduced on the light-input side of perovskite to inhibit internal optical reflection. The reduction of optical loss by this simple texture method increases the EQE and then the photocurrent of ITO/PTAA/perovskite/PC61BM/BCP/Ag device with the magnitude about 10%. At the same time, this textured PTAA benefits the band edge absorption in this planar solar cell. The large increase of the short-circuit current together with the increase of fill factor pushes the efficiency of this inverted perovskite solar cell from 18.3% up to an efficiency over 20.8%. By using anti-reflection coating on glass to let more light into the device, the efficiency is further improved to 21.6%, further demonstrating the importance of light management in perovskite solar cells.
Determinants of (non-)attendance at the Dutch cancer screening programmes: A systematic review

Objective The Netherlands host three population-based cancer screening programmes: for cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer. For screening programmes to be effective, high participation rates are essential, but participation in the Netherlands’ programmes is starting to fall below the minimal effective rate. We aimed to produce a systematic overview of the current known determinants of (non-)attendance at the Dutch cancer screening programmes. Methods A literature search was conducted in the electronic databases Academic Search Premier, Cochrane Library, Embase, EMCare, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and also in grey literature, including all articles published before February 2018. The I-Change model was used to categorize the identified determinants of cancer screening attendance. Results In total, 19/1232 identified studies and 6 grey literature reports were included. Fifteen studies reported on predisposing factors. Characteristics such as social economic status, country of birth, and residency were most often reported, and correlate with cancer screening attendance. Thirteen studies addressed information factors. Factors on awareness, motivation, ability, and barriers were less often studied. Conclusion Current studies tend to describe the general characteristics of (non-)attendance and (non-)attenders, but rarely provide in depth information on other factors of (non-)participation. The I-Change model proved to be a useful tool in mapping current knowledge on cancer screening attendance and revealed knowledge gaps regarding determinants of (non-)participation in the screening programmes. More research is needed to fully understand determinants of participation, in order to influence and optimize attendance rates over the long term.
Investigating E-cigarette Particle Emissions and Human Airway Depositions under Various E-cigarette Use Conditions.

E-cigarette use is dramatically increasing, particularly with adolescents. While the chemical composition of e-liquids and e-vapor are well characterized, the particle size distribution and the human airways deposition patterns of e-cigarette particles are understudied and poorly understood despite their likely contribution to adverse health effects from e-cigarette usage. In this study, we studied the impacts of e-cigarette device power, e-liquid composition, and vaping topography on e-cigarette particle sizes and their deposition in human airways. In addition, we observed that particle measurement conditions (dilution ratio, temperature, and humidity) significantly affect measured e-cigarette particle sizes. E-cigarette power output significantly increased particle count median diameters (CMD) from 174±13 nm (particles generated under 6.4-watt) to 236±14 nm (particles generated under 31.1-watt). E-cigarette particles generated from propylene glycol-based e-liquids (CMD = 145±8 nm and mass median diameter [MMD] = 3.06±0.17 µm) were smaller than those generated from vegetable glycerin-based e-liquids (CMD = 182±9 nm and MMD = 3.37±0.21 µm). Puff volume also impacted vapor particle size: CMD and MMD were 154±11 nm and 3.50±0.27 µm, 163±6 nm and 3.35±0.24 µm, and 146±12 nm and 2.95±0.14 µm, respectively, for 35, 90, and 170 ml puffs. Estimated e-cigarette particle mass deposition fractions in tracheobronchial and bronchoalveolar regions were 0.504-0.541 and 0.073-0.306, respectively. Interestingly, e-cigarette particles are smaller than the particles generated from cigarette smoking but have similar human airway deposition patterns.