Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and Use of a Physiologically Based Mathematical Model Describing the Relationships and Contributions of Macronutrients to Weight and Body Composition Changes

Development and Use of a Physiologically-based Mathematical Model Describing the Relationships and Contributions of Macronutrients to Weight and Body Composition Changes Saori Sakita Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science Master of Nutritional Science The effect of the dietary macronutrient composition on weight loss has been a controversial issue for decades. During that time, a high-protein, high-fat, and lowcarbohydrate diet has been one of the more popular weight loss diets with the public. We hypothesized that a computer simulation model using STELLA software could help to better understanding the effect of the dietary macronutrient composition on weight loss. We calculated daily total oxidation instead of total energy expenditure as others have done based on the facts that carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake influence carbohydrate, fat, and protein oxidation. In order to create a simple and accurate model comparing dietary macronutrient composition effects, we eliminated exercise as a factor and focused on a sedentary population. The model was validated by five sets of published human data. Following model validation, simulations were carried out to compare the traditional highcarbohydrate diet recommended by the American Dietetic Association and two wellknown high-protein diets (Atkins and the Zone diet). The results of computer simulation suggested that the lean tissue retention effect of a high-protein diet, especially with a lower-fat diet, compared with a traditional high carbohydrate diet over 6 months.
The Downscaling Study for Typhoon-Induced Coastal Inundation

Typhoons can often cause inundation in lower coastal cities by inducing strong surges and waves. Being affected by typhoon annually, the coastal cities in South Korea are very vulnerable to typhoons. In 2016, a typhoon ‘CHABA’, with a maximum 10 min sustained wind speed of about 50 m/s and a minimum central pressure of 905 hPa, hit South Korea, suffering tremendous damage. In particular, ‘CHABA’-induced coastal inundation resulted in serious damage to the coastal area of Busan where a lot of high-rise buildings and residential areas are concentrated, and was caused by the combined effect of tide, surge, and wave. The typhoon-induced surge raised sea levels during high tide, and the strong wave with a long period of more than 10 s eventually led to the coastal inundation at the same time. The present research focuses a numerical downscaling considering the effects of tide, surge and wave for coastal inundation induced by Typhoon ‘CHABA’. This downscaling approach applied several numerical models, which are the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) for typhoon simulation, the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) for tide and surge simulation, and the Simulating WAve Nearshore (SWAN) for wave simulation. In a domain covering the Korean Peninsula, typhoon-induced surges and waves were simulated applying the results simulated by WRF as meteorological conditions. In the downscaled domain ranged near the coastal area of Busan, the coastal inundation was simulated blending a storm tide height and an irregular wave height obtained from the domain, in which each height has 1 s interval. The irregular wave height was calculated using the significant wave height and peak period. Through this downscaling study, the impact of storm tide and wave on coastal inundation was estimated.
Exploring the need for (extreme) speed: motivations for and outcomes of discontinuous NPD acceleration

ABSTRACT New product development (NPD) speed is an important concern for firms in today’s fast-paced economy. While existing literature has focused on continuous NPD speed improvements, this paper explores discontinuous NPD acceleration, or dramatic reductions in development time relative to firms’ normal NPD cycles. Across two studies, the authors interview managers to develop a typology of strategic motivations for discontinuous NPD acceleration, followed by a survey of 218 NPD managers to validate the typology and identify important differences across firm types, including those in new product performance, innovation levels, and configurations of organisational characteristics. The results suggest that discontinuous NPD acceleration is most profitable when firms are proactive and have specific configurations of culture, capabilities, and structure. The authors also discuss implications for theory, practice, and future research.
IMPACT OF EXCHANGE RATE DERIVATIVES ON STOCKS IN EMERGING MARKETS

This paper investigates the effect of derivatives on the relationship between the foreign exchange rate and the stock market. A theoretical model is used to extend the understanding of that relationship. Also, the model is tested with an empirical analysis using the GMM strategy for the Mexican and Brazilian stock markets for the period 2007 to 2019. Findings reveal that in addition to the spot exchange rate, exchange rate futures explain the currency exposure, wherein the derivative effect is the most prominent. The result implies that both risk sources should be considered in the implementation of risk management or macroeconomic policy. The theoretical results are extended by applying them to international portfolio management, proposing a strategy to mitigate foreign exchange exposure with derivatives. This study contributes to the literature by explaining why the minimum variance hedge ratio plays an essential role in the foreign exchange rate and stock market nexus.
Diurnal Patterns in the Flow of Escapable Soluble Non-Ammonia Nitrogen Fractions in Omasal Digesta as Influenced by Barley and Rapeseed Meal Supplementation in Cows Fed Grass Silage Based Diet

The present study was conducted to measure diurnal patterns in the flow of soluble non-ammonia nitrogen (SNAN) fractions in the liquid phase of digesta entering the omasum of cows fed grass-red clover silage supplemented with barley and rapeseed meal. Four ruminally cannulated cows were fed, in a 4×4 Latin square design, grass-red clover silage alone (GS) or supplemented with (on a DM basis) 6.0kg/d of barley grain, 2.1kg/d of rapeseed meal or 6.0kg/d of barley and 2.1kg/d rapeseed meal. Omasal digesta was taken using an omasal sampling system at 1.5h intervals during a 12h feeding cycle, and SNAN fractions (free AA, peptide and soluble protein) in the omasal digesta were assessed using ninhydrin assay. Dietary supplementation numerically increased the mean flow of SNAN fractions relative to GS diet despite the lack of statistical significance. Diurnal patterns in the flow of peptide entering the omasum during a 12h feeding cycle appeared to be highest immediately after feeding, declined by 10.0h post-feeding and slightly increased thereafter. In SNAN fractions, the flow of peptide was higher for supplemented diets than for GS diet throughout the feeding cycle. Based on the microbial contribution to total SNAN using 15N, diurnal patterns in the flow of dietary SNAN for dietary supplemented diets appeared to be higher compared with GS diets. Present results may conclude that peptide flow is quantitatively the most important N in SNAN fractions and that dietary supplementation can increase peptide flow entering the omasal canal.
Glutathione S-Transferase Activities of S-Type and L-Type Thioltransferases from Arabidopsis thaliana

The glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities of S-type and L-type thioltransferases (TTases), which are purified from the seeds and leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana, respectively, were identified and compared. The S-type and L-type TTases showed values of 9.72 mM and 3.18mM on 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), respectively, indicating the L-type TTase has higher affinity for CDNB. The GST activity of the L-type TTase was rapidly inactivated after being heated at or higher. The GST activity of the S-type TTase remains active in a range of . inhibited the GST activity of the S-type TTase, whereas and inhibited the GST activity of the L-type TTase. Our results suggest that the GST activities of two TTases of Arabidopsis thaliana may have different catalytic mechanisms. The importance of the co-existence of TTAse and GST activities in one protein remains to be elucidated.
Mitochondrial genome of Neilupotamon papileonaceum, with its phylogenetic analysis

Abstract The mitochondrial genome of one potamidae species Neilupotamon papileonaceum was sequenced and annotated. The mitogenome is 16,273 bp in length, containing 37 typical genes. The A + T content of the whole mitogenome is 68.9%. Most of the PCGs started with ATG and stopped with TAT, except for ATP8 and ND6 stopped with TGA, COX1, COX2, ND5, ND4, and ND4L used incomplete T as stop codon. The phylogeny tree is monophyletic among 15 related species. The relationships of N. papileonaceum, Sinopotamon yaanense, and Longpotamon yangtsekiense were closer than others. This study further enriched mitogenome database of the tribe Typhlocybini.
Media Classification with Bayesian Optimization and Vapnik-Chervonenkis (VC) Bounds

The automatic classification of content is an essential requirement for multimedia applications. Present research for audio-based classifiers uses short- and long-term analysis of signals, with temporal and spectral features. In our prior study, we presented an approach to classify streaming and local content, in real-time and with low latency, using synthetically-derived metadata features based on fixed class-conditional distributions. The three-class conditional distribution parameters were set a priori based on public information. In this paper, we extend the approach to optimizing the class condition distribution parameters, the neural network hyperparameters, and the size of the synthetic metadata training set using a combination of Bayesian optimization and by invoking the VC-dimensionality. We demonstrate that the resulting classifier is then able to improve classification accuracy by at least 10% with a modest increase in the computational complexity (in terms of multiply-adds) and decision time.
Étude de la capacité antioxydante en lien avec la reproduction chez l'huître creuse Crassostrea gigas

Le “cout de la reproduction” est un concept qui definit qu’un investissement a la reproduction eleve a un prix qui se paye ulterieurement par une acceleration de la senescence. Cela peut notamment traduire des compromis entre la reproduction et d’autres fonctions physiologiques comme la defense antioxydante. Chez l’huitre creuse Crassostrea gigas, la reproduction represente une fonction physiologique majeure. Dans le cadre des etudes effectuees pour comprendre les mortalites estivales affectant cette espece, une correlation negative entre effort reproducteur et survie a ete observee. D’autre part, des genes antioxydants ont ete mis en evidence comme differentiellement exprimes entre les lignees d’huitres selectionnees pour leur resistance ou leur sensibilite aux mortalites estivales. Certaines etudes proposent que la susceptibilite au stress oxydant puisse representer un cout de la reproduction participant au processus de senescence. Dans ce contexte, nous avons analyse la capacite antioxydante des huitres en fonction de leur investissement reproducteur. Pour cela, la technique d’ARN interference a ete utilisee pour manipuler l’effort reproducteur des huitres. L’expression des principales enzymes antioxydantes (taux de transcrits et activites enzymatiques) et le dosage de dommages oxydatifs ont ensuite ete mesures dans differents tissus et cellules de l’organisme (branchies, gonade, hemocytes et gametes). Les resultats obtenus dans le cadre de cette these suggerent que la capacite antioxydante de C. gigas est particulierement efficace et que la reproduction seule n’est pas suffisante pour induire un stress oxydant. Cette capacite antioxydante apparait comme tissu-specifique voire cellule-specifique et le metabolisme du glutathion semble jouer un role majeur dans cette protection. Cette grande resistance au stress oxydant contribuerait a faire de C. gigas une espece particulierement adaptee a la vie dans des environnements stressants.
3-D Analytical Model and Direct Measurement Method of Ultra-Thin Open-Circuit Air-Gap Field of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor With Multi-Segmented Skew Poles and Multi-Layered Flat Wire Windings for Electric Vehicle

3-D analytical model and direct measurement method (DMM) of ultra-thin open-circuit air-gap field (OCAGF) of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) with multi-segmented skew poles (MSP) and multi-layered flat wire windings (MFWW) for electric vehicles (EV) are proposed. Basis functions of slotless OCAGF are derived through field reconstruction method (FRM). In order to consider MSP and slotting effects, a complex relative permeance function is extended from 2-D to 3-D. Based on the magnetic potential and permeance method, 3-D analytical model of OCAGF is obtained. Then the back electromotive force (BEF) is calculated through Faraday's Law and the cogging torque is obtained through Maxwell stress tensor method. Furthermore, spatial order and amplitude-frequency characteristics of OCAGF are revealed. Additionally, influence of local inhomogeneous saturation caused by PM materials on analytical accuracy is discussed. Finally, the proposed analytical model is verified through both the traditional indirect measurement methods (BEF measurement and cogging torque measurement) and a novel direct measurement method, in which ultra-thin OCAGF of 10−1 mm order of magnitude can be measured directly. Local microscopic characteristics of OCAGF in some important locations, such as tooth top and magnetic bridge, can be accurately detected by using of the direct measurement method.
Determinants of Agricultural Output In Ethiopia: Ardl Approach to Co-Integration

Agricultural output in Ethiopia plays an essential role in generating foreign exchange and feeding the largest share of the population, due this identifying determinant of agricultural output at macro level is important. This study investigated determinants of agricultural output at macro level by using time series data starting from 1980-2018.The ARDL approach to co integration is applied to investigate the long run and short-run determinants of agricultural output. The result reveals that Rainfall, Fertilizer input import, Trade openness, inflation rate affect positively and significantly in the long run whereas Drought affect negatively and significantly. In the short run Fertilizer input import and labor force affect positively and significantly while Rainfall affects positively and insignificant. Also besides to this, in a short run, drought affects negatively and significantly agricultural output. Therefore the study recommends government policies should focus on proper uses of resources like expenditure on agriculture should be used properly, Drought-resistant agriculture, and reduces the dependency on rainfall by adopting different technology at the macro level and micro level. that in export performance has found to be positively influenced by real effective exchange rate, openness, RGDP of home country, infrastructural development and private credit as a ratio of GDP (financial development). As the empirical reviews shows agricultural output is affected by different factors at micro level and macro level. This study is to investigate determinants of agricultural output by using macro-economic variables.
Stabilizing Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning by Implicitly Estimating Other Agents’ Behaviors

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is able to learn control policies for many complicated tasks, but it’s power has not been unleashed to handle multi-agent circumstances. Independent learning, where each agent treats others as part of the environment and learns its own policy without considering others’ policies is a simple way to apply DRL to multi-agent tasks. However, since agents’ policies change as learning proceeds, from the perspective of each agent, the environment is non-stationary, which makes conventional DRL methods inefficient. To cope with this challenge, we propose a novel approach where each agent uses an implicit estimate of others’ actions to guide its own policy learning. We demonstrate that given the implicit estimate of others’ actions, each agent can learn its policy in a relatively stationary environment. Extensive experiments show that our method significantly alleviates the non-stationarity and outperforms the state-of-the-art in terms of both convergence speed and policy performance.
Illiquidity and the Cross-Section of Stock Returns in Emerging Markets

We comprehensively examine the illiquidity premium in emerging stock markets. Using several different liquidity proxies, we study the performance of firms from 23 countries for the years 1994 to 2019. Contrary to a widely held belief, we demonstrate that the illiquidity premium in emerging markets is weak, varies across geographical regions, and strongly depends on the liquidity measures and testing methods employed. In particular, the effect of illiquidity in the cross-section of stock returns is largely driven by microcaps with no meaningful economic importance. Outside the universe of the smallest firms, the illiquidity premium can hardly be detected.
Resting-State EEG-Based Biometrics with Signals Features Extracted by Multivariate Empirical Mode Decomposition

EEG-based biometrics has gained great attention in recent years due to its superiority over traditional biometrics in terms of its resistance to circumvention. While there are numerous choices of data acquisition protocol, the present study is carried out with the least demanding resting-state condition. Motivated by neurophysiological knowledge, a type of novel feature, namely the intrinsic mode correlation (IMCOR), is proposed. It is designed by combining the nonstationary multivariate empirical mode decomposition (NA-MEMD) and the concept of brain connectivity. With machine learning classifiers, our system yields promising performance in a 81-class classification (F1 score: 0.99) within a single session. For 32-class cross-session classification, an F1 score of 0.55 is attained. The results suggest that the proposed method might be vulnerable to temporal effects and between-session variability. This study highlights the uniqueness of the proposed non-stationary and connectivity-based feature and demonstrated its success as a biometrics. Further investigation is needed to make the method practically useful.
A Re‐Examination of Accruals Quality Following Restatements

This paper investigates if firms consider restatements so severe that they change their financial reporting strategies and subsequently improve their accounting quality. We compare the accruals quality of restating firms during the period 2000-2010 with a matched control group and hypothesize that the costly consequences of restatements documented in prior researchincentivize firms to improve their accounting quality. We use a multivariate difference-in-difference research design and contrary to our expectations we find that firms do not improve the quality of their financial statements more than the control group following a restatement, even when we isolate the types of restatements considered to be the most severe. Hence, we cannot replicate the univariate results of Wiedman and Hendricks (2013). However, we find that restatements followed by severe, negative stock market reactions to the restatement announcements lead to significant improvement in accruals quality. Thus, while the restatement itself does not lead to improvements in accounting quality, the punishment by the capital markets does. Our findings thus suggest that capital market forces play a larger disciplining role than the restatement itself, which adds to our knowledge of the behavior of firms post restatements.
Occurrence and genetic identification of Arcobacter butzleri in different cheese types

The objectives of this study were to investigate the presence of foodborne pathogen Arcobacter butzleri (A. butzleri) in different types of cheese (Talaga, Mozzarella and Roumy cheese - 30 each) retailed in Assiut dairy shops, Egypt and to test the antimicrobial effect of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and its essential oil (EO) against isolated strains. The highest percentage of A. butzleri existence was noticed in Talaga cheese samples and confirmed by PCR using A. butzleri. 16S rRNA gene which at the same time, the existence of it in Roumy cheese after detected biochemically. To exam the effect of Thymus vulgaris and its EO on A. butzleri, were added at 2 and 4% concentratins during cheese manufacturing with addition of A. butzleri at 105 and the consumer accepatability was studied. The plant could prohibit the growth of organism in cheese nearly at 6th day. These results suggest that 2% of thyme plant have sufficient effect on A. butzleri with good consumer satisfaction so, it is recommended that e thyme should be used as natural food additive in dairy product in Egypt factories.
Influence of heating on chemical composition, antioxidant activity and protein quality of an advanced line Amaranthus cruentus L. seed flour

Amaranth is a pseudocereal of Andean origin, and compared to other crops, its seeds have a higher content of proteins, lipids and bioactive compounds of nutraceutical relevance. The goal of the present work is to study the chemical composition, antioxidant activity and biological value of the protein of an advance line Amaranthus cruentus L. seed flour (ACRU), compared with the same flour subjected to thermal treatment (90 oC, 1 h). Regarding the proximal chemical composition, the protein and lipid contents stand out, reaching values of 19.59 g % and 7.47 g %, reflecting an increase of 17% and 50% in the treated sample, respectively. A significant increase (p<0.05) is observed in the ash content, as well as in the content of the main elements of nutritional interest, of the treated samples. The anti-nutrients values are within the acceptable limits in all samples, and present an adequate content of total phenols, with an antioxidant activity highlighted by its free-radical scavenging capacity. In the biological tests, the Net Protein Utilization (NPU) presents lower values for the treated samples, the True Digestibility (tD) does not show significant differences, and the Biological Value (BV) turns out to be lower in the treated sample (p<0.05). A significant hypotriglyceridemic effect is observed. The applied thermal treatment, even though increases the nutrients concentration and the total phenols, according to the biological tests, it decreases the protein quality. These are aspects that should