Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Catalytic oxidation of organic pollutants

Catalytic oxidation of organic pollutants The paper presents the results of the measurements of the catalytic activity of V2O5/TiO2 and MoO3/TiO2 catalysts (8,10,12 and 15 wt % of V2O5 or MoO3 on TiO2 - anatase, respectively), prepared in our laboratory, in the complete oxidation (combustion) process of chosen volatile organic pollutants of the air such as methanol and n-butyl acetate. The activity of these catalysts was compared with the activity of industrial catalysts: supported platinum - Pt-p (0.15 wt % of Pt on γ-Al2O3) and MCA (15 wt % of CuO and 6 wt % of ZnO on γ-Al2O3). The investigations were carried out in the kinetic region (powder of the catalysts with the diameter in the range of 1.02-1.2·10-4 m) and for the chosen catalysts also in the diffusion region (the grains of the catalysts having the diameter of 2.5·10-3 m). On the basis of the obtained results the analysis of the process was performed. It has been stated that reaction rate is well-described by the first order equation in relation to the methanol or n-butyl acetate concentration. On the basis of the obtained results in the kinetic region for all the applied catalysts the parameters of Arrhenius equation were determinated. The comparison of the results for the kinetic region with the results for the diffusion region for the chosen catalysts allowed the calculation of the effective coefficients of diffusion. The parameters of Arrhenius equations as well as the effective coefficients of diffusion show a good correlation with the values obtained for the catalytic combustion of other organic pollutants of the air. The measurements were carried out using a flow tubular reactor. The flow rate of the reaction mixture was kept constant 20 dm3/h (5.56·10-6 m3/s) in each test, using the space velocity of 20 s-1. It has been stated that the use of the applied catalysts led to the almost total oxidative destruction of both pollutants. Only H2O and CO2 were found as the final products of the reaction. The complete oxidation of the methanol process runs at the lower temperature than that of the complete oxidation process of n-butyl acetate. The most active at the combustion of methanol was the Pt-p catalyst. It demonstrates a comparable activity to molybdenum - titanium catalysts and the slightly lower activity than vanadium - titanium catalysts in the combustion of the n- butyl acetate process. The MCA catalyst was less active than the others in the oxidation of both compounds. The structures of the catalysts were tested using the X -ray analysis (XRD), infrared spectroscopy and scanning microscopy (SEM). The results of the investigations show that V2O5/TiO2 and MoO3/TiO2 catalysts, especially the most active of them the 8% V2O5/TiO2 catalyst can be used in industrial systems for the purification of the air and industrial waste gases with VOCs, replacing the more expensive noble metals supported catalysts.
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS AND WORKING MEMORY FMRI BRAIN ACTIVITY

Working memory (WM) and associated brain areas show deficits with increasing age. However, higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been associated with better WM across the lifespan. The mechanisms by which CRF impacts WM are poorly understood. One possible mechanism is that CRF influences the integrity and function of brain regions that are involved in supporting WM function, and that this, in turn, influences accuracy rates on tasks that measure WM. Very few studies have tested whether the association between CRF and WM is statistically mediated by measures of brain function. This study addressed this gap in knowledge by examining the relationship between CRF, brain activation, and WM. We tested whether brain activation during a WM task statistically mediated the relationship between CRF and WM. Baseline data of 125 adults (M=44.34 ± 8.60 years) were included in this study. CRF was assessed via a submaximal graded exercise test. Magnetic resonance images were collected during the n-back task to examine neural responses to WM. FMRIB’s Software Library was used for fMRI data preprocessing and analysis. Regions-of-interest were defined by conducting a conjunction analysis to identify brain regions sensitive to both CRF and performance on the n-back task. Linear regression models examined the association of CRF with WM and brain activation in the left anterior cingulate cortex, left insula, and right insula. After controlling for age, gender, race, and years of education, CRF was not significantly related to accuracy on the WM task (all p>.15). However, consistent with our hypotheses, higher CRF was significantly related to greater brain activation in the left insula (p<.028) during the 2-back WM condition. Heightened brain activation in the left insula was not associated with WM accuracy (p=.12) after correction for variation due to age, gender, race, and education. Thus, statistical mediation could not be tested. Although higher CRF was associated with greater brain activation in the left insula, neither CRF nor heightened left insula activation were associated with variations in WM performance after adjusting for several confounding variables. These results suggest that there are other mediators that explain the relationship between CRF and WM performance in midlife.
Altitude‐related factors but not Pinus community exert a dominant role over chemical and microbiological properties of a Mediterranean humid soil

The aim of this work was to examine the effect of pine forests on the soil microbial community along an altitudinal gradient in the Cuenca Mountains, Spain. Six experimental forest areas and two tree diversity levels (monospecific and mixed pine forest) were selected according to the following types: (i) at lower altitudes (up to 960 m above sea level), a monospecific Spanish black pine (Pinus nigra Arn. ssp salzmannii) forest stand and a mixed forest stand (maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) and Spanish black pine); (ii) at medium altitudes (up to 1350 m), a monospecific Spanish black pine forest stand and a mixed forest stand (Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Spanish black pine); and (iii) above 1670 m, a monospecific Spanish black pine forest stand and a mixed forest stand (Scots pine and Spanish black pine). Soil moisture and temperature and different forest stand variables such as tree species composition, tree height, basal area and shrub cover were measured. Physicochemical soil properties including texture, pH, carbonates, total organic carbon, organic matter, electrical conductivity, N, P, soil enzyme activities, soil respiration and soil microbial biomass carbon were analysed at the selected forest areas and tree diversity levels. Results showed that soil moisture and temperature differed significantly across the altitudinal gradient. Carbon:nitrogen ratio, total carbonates, total organic carbon, phosphorus and total N values also differed at each experimental area but tree diversity level was not an influential factor. Soil respiration, microbial biomass carbon and enzyme activities tended to be less at low altitudes whereas no differences were found between monospecific and mixed pine forests across the altitudinal gradient. This work suggests that the soils of the Cuenca Mountains may be more sensitive to some physical and chemical site‐specific aspects such as soil temperature and moisture than changes in tree stand composition (when considering only pine species). In addition, differences in soil physicochemical properties found at each experimental area may also act as additional factors for regulating enzymatic activities.
Chemometric Techniques Applied for Classification and Quantification of Binary Biodiesel/Diesel Blends

In this paper, three different types of biodiesel, which were synthesized from peanut, corn, and canola oils, were characterized by positive-ion electrospray ionization (ESI) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Different biodiesel/diesel blends containing 2–90% (V/V) of each biodiesel type were prepared and analyzed by near infrared spectroscopy (NIR). In the next step, the chemometric methods of hierarchical clusters analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and support vector machines (SVM) were used for exploratory analysis of the different biodiesel samples, and the SVM was able to give the best classification results (correct classification of 50 peanut and 50 corn samples, and only one misclassification out of 49 canola samples). Then, partial least squares (PLS) and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) models were evaluated for biodiesel quantification. Both methods were considered equivalent for quantification purposes based on the values smaller than 5% for the root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) and root mean square of validation (RMSEP), as well as Pearson correlation coefficients of at least 0.969. The combination of NIR to the chemometric techniques of SVM and PLS/MARS was proven to be appropriate to classify and quantify biodiesel from different origins.
STUDY OF THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS OF CERTAIN PLANTS ON ISOLATED BACTERIA OF MAMMARY MILK IN ALGERIA

The infection or inflammation of the mammary gland represents a dominant pathology in dairy cattle. The aim of this work was to study in vitro the antimicrobial activity of essential oils of some plants on bacteria which were isolated from mammary milk. The essential oils of Thymus vulgaris, Rosmarinus officinalis, Artimisia herba alba and Myrtus communis were obtained by hydro distillation of the aerial part. They were tested on strains of staphylococci that were multi-resistant to antibiotics which are isolated from mammary milk. The essential oils contents are between a low value of 0.3% for Myrtus communis and a relatively high value of 2.5% for Thymus vulgaris. The different essential oils tested revealed interesting antimicrobial activities. The strongest antibacterial activity was observed for the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris (9-52 mm), while the oils of Rosmarinus oficinalis, Artimisia herba alba and Myrtus communis showed moderate antimicrobial activities (9-19.5 mm). We also determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and the MIC / MBC ratio of Thymus vulgaris on the three multi-resistant strains of staphylococci; it turned out that MIC ranged between 0.01 and 0.016 µg / ml and MBC ranged between 0.021 and 0.078 µg / ml. In the conclusion, Thymus vulgar is revealed a bactericidal effect on the strains tested.
Study on the Adsorption and Desorption Enhance Effect of Oyster Shell Using Peltier Element

Abstract ：This study is experimentally performed for using the oyster shell as a desiccant in the batch type system. The peltier element(thermoelectric device) is used for absorbing and releasing the adsorption and desorption heat generation. The cooling and heating effects of peltier element exist in this experiment and these effects are generally known phenomena among some references. The increase in electric current induced into peltier element is effectively release the heat generation of adsorption and desorption. Consequently, the non-dimensional adsorption and desorption amount would increase with increase in electric current. However, in the case of adsorption, the increase of induced current into peltier element, the heat of cold side can not release sufficiently. So the heat of hot side of peltier is transferred into the cold side. Key Words ：Adsorption and Desorption, Oyster Shell, Enhance Effect, Peltier Element, New and Renewable Energy 김명준(교신저자) : 군산대학교 동력기계시스템공학과E-mail : mjkim@kunsan.ac. kr, Tel : 063-469-1849 Myoung-Jun Kim(corresponding author) : Department of PowerSystem Engineering, Kunsan National University.E-mail : mjkim@kunsan.ac. kr, Tel : +82-63-469-1849
Design and Testing of Mobile Laboratory for Mitigation of Gaseous Emissions from Livestock Agriculture with Photocatalysis

Livestock production systems generate nuisance odor and gaseous emissions affecting local communities and regional air quality. There are also concerns about the occupational health and safety of farmworkers. Proven mitigation technologies that are consistent with the socio-economic challenges of animal farming are needed. We have been scaling up the photocatalytic treatment of emissions from lab-scale, aiming at farm-scale readiness. In this paper, we present the design, testing, and commissioning of a mobile laboratory for on-farm research and demonstration of performance in simulated farm conditions before testing to the farm. The mobile lab is capable of treating up to 1.2 m3/s of air with titanium dioxide, TiO2-based photocatalysis, and adjustable UV-A dose based on LED lamps. We summarize the main technical requirements, constraints, approach, and performance metrics for a mobile laboratory, such as the effectiveness (measured as the percent reduction) and cost of photocatalytic treatment of air. The commissioning of all systems with standard gases resulted in ~9% and 34% reduction of ammonia (NH3) and butan-1-ol, respectively. We demonstrated the percent reduction of standard gases increased with increased light intensity and treatment time. These results show that the mobile laboratory was ready for on-farm deployment and evaluating the effectiveness of UV treatment.
Attacking Model Sets with Adversarial Examples

Adversarial input perturbation is a well-studied problem in machine learning. Here, we introduce a generalized variant of this problem, where we look for adversarial examples that satisfy multiple constraints simultaneously over a set of multi-class models. For example, we might want to force an entire set of models to make the same mistake over the same example, in order to create transferable attacks. Or we might want to fool just a single model, without fooling the rest of the models, in order to target only a speciﬁc manufacturer. Known attacks are not directly suitable for addressing this problem. The generated example has to satisfy multiple constraints and no feasible solution may exist for any amount of perturbation. We introduce an iterative heuristic algorithm inspired by the DeepFool attack. We evaluate our method over the MNIST and CIFAR-10 data sets. We show that it can ﬁnd feasible multi-model adversarial perturbations, and that the magnitude of these perturbations is similar to the single model case.
Gas Holdup and Gas Entrainment Rate in Downflow Bubble Column with Gas Entrainment by a Liquid Jet Operating at High Liquid Throughput

Flow behavior of downflow bubble columns with gas entrainment by a liquid jet operating at high throughputs was investigated in an air–water system. With increasing liquid throughput above the churn-turbulent flow regime, stable downward bubbling flow without bubble coalescence was again obtained. Gas holdup and gas entrainment rate under bubbling downflow conditions were measured and their dependencies on operational conditions were clarified empirically. Experimental equations were proposed to estimate gas holdup and gas entrainment rate. Performance of gas supply was evaluated in terms of energy efficiency and compared with that of other gas-liquid aerators. The evaluation showed that the gas-entraining capacity of this apparatus is sufficient and that its energy efficiency for gas supply is high.
Extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Acinetobacter baumanii and antibacterial characterization

Bioproduction approaches of nanoparticles get a very important field with eco-friendly and economic welfares over physical & chemical methods of production. The purpose is the biosynthesis of AgNPs from nonpathogenic bacterial isolate. Acinetobacter baumanii. Identification to species-level was determined by Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) with universal primers, the 16S rRNA gene was subjected to nucleotide sequencing. AgNPs were biosynthesized by adding silver nitrate (AgNO3) into the supernatant of A. baumanii at 10 mM. AgNO3 was used as a precursor for the synthesis of AgNPs. Biological AgNPs were originally shown by change the color, yellow to reddish-brown. The categorization of AgNPs accomplished by SEM, XRD, and AFM. SEM exhibited well-dispersed AgNPs, homogenous with a diameter of 18-30nm, with inconstant shapes mostly spherical form. XRD detected the size of AgNPs was 21 nm and the AFM showed the three-dimensional structure of AgNPs and the diameter was 99.82 nm. AgNPs displayed antibacterial action to MDR of E.aerogens, S.aureus, E.coli, S.typhi, K. Pneumonia, P.auroginosa, P.mirabilis, P.Agglomerans, and S.pyogenes.
Biomimetic Scaffolds for Ligament Tissue Engineering Applications

Ligament is the soft tissue that connects bone to bone and, in case of severe injury or rupture, it cannot heal itself mainly because of its poor vascularity and dynamic nature. High failure rates of surgical treatment and significant drawbacks of currently available medical approaches brought about a need for alternative treatment approaches such as tissue engineering. It carries the potential to restore the injured tissue functions by utilization of scaffolds mimicking the structure of native ligament tissue. As the initial structural unit of the ligament, collagen fibrils have a diameter ranging from 20 to 150 nm, which defines the cellular topography, physical, and mechanical properties of the tissue. Currently, ability to fabricate scaffolds with relevant fiber diameter in this range is a significant challenge. The literature review showed a scarcity in terms of bioscaffolds that mimic the foundational unit of tissue consisting of ultra-thin nanofibers with diameter not exceeding 200 nm. To cover the gap, this work aims at: i) investigating the conditions for the fabrication of sub-100 nm fibers, and ii) fabricating aligned scaffolds with bimodal diameter distribution (with two-peaks) resembling the healthy Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tissue structure, and unaligned scaffolds with unimodal diameter distribution (with a single peak) representing structure of injured ACL tissue. It is hypothesized that such scaffolds can be produced from electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) solutions in the form of unimodal and bimodal diameter distributions. For testing this hypothesis, various PCL solutions were formulated in acetone and formic acid in combination with pyridine, and electrospun to generate sub-100 nm fibers. Next, this formulation was adjusted for the production of nanofibers with a diameter of greater than 100 nm. Finally, these solutions were combined in the coelectrospinning, i.e., two-spinneret electrospinning, process to fabricate biomimetic scaffolds with bimodal and unimodal diameter distribution. Findings revealed that electrospinning of 8% and 15% PCL solutions, respectively, resulted in the production of fibers with diameters below and above 100 nm. The combined scaffold exhibited bimodal distribution of aligned fibers with the peaks around 60-80 and 160180 nm, thus mimicking the collagen fibril diameter distribution seen in healthy ACL tissue. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first study using the system of acetone and formic acid in combination with pyridine for the production of PCL nanofibers, especially sub100 nm ultra-thin nanofibers. Another novelty is the fabrication of scaffold with a bimodal
Bioleaching of Ni from contaminated sediments of the water reservoir Ružín I using autochthonous bacteria and Bacillus megaterium

Water reservoir Ružín I on the territory of Eastern Slovakia is rich in sediments being contaminated with several heavy metals. They come from the mining and metallurgical industrial activities carried out near the water reservoir. This work is dealing with the study of the mobility of Ni between the liquid phase and sediment matrix. During the bioleaching processes carried out in the laboratory the conditions given by the environment of the dam were imitated and preserved also in the flasks. Bacterial species Bacillus megaterium were used to increase the efficiency of Ni bioleaching. The obtained results were compared with the activation of autochthonous microflora. Kinetics of bioleaching was measured for 40 days. The bioleaching of Ni in the presence of autochthonous microflora achieved higher intensity and effectivity as in the case of the application of Bacillus megaterium. Because of the known mobility of Ni in the sedimentary environment there is important to assess the risk of its inadvertent release into the aqueous solution. Bacterial dissolution of Fe was simultaneously monitored during the bioleaching processes, because the most of the Ni was present in the Fe oxides and hydroxides.
“Head‐to‐Tail” Cyclization of Hexapeptides Using Different Coupling Reagents

In the synthesis of cyclic hexapeptides the cyclization step was examined by using different procedures for activation. Three coupling methods were tested for “head-to-tail” cyclization of the resin-cleaved peptides in solution: (1) DPPA/NaHCO3; (2) TBTU/HOBt/DIEA and (3) HBTU/HOBt/DIEA. The best results were obtained by using TBTU. Reaction rates were 5 to 70 times faster with the TBTU procedure compared to the DPPA activation and generally complete conversions to cyclopeptides were observed. The kinetics of the cyclizations under high dilution conditions were monitored by HPLC. During the synthesis of the linear peptides the formation of an aminosuccinimide was observed. This by-product was characterized by electrospray MS and NMR.
MOOD CHOICE IN GRADUATE STUDENTS SIMULATED CONVERSATION

This study investigates the mood choice used by Indonesian English foreign language learners. The data were the spoken utterances of simulated conversation by four graduate students of English Education Department. The data were transcribed, encoded, analyzed, and interpreted based on the taxonomy of mood system, within the framework of Hallidays systemic functional linguistics, as proposed mainly by Eggins and Slade (1997) and Eggins (2004). Findings revealed that there are six types of moods, namely declarative, tagged declarative, polar interrogative, wh-interrogative, imperative, and exclamative. In addition, there are non-mood clause, namely minor clause, nonfinite clause, and incomplete clause. The dominant findings of numbers of declarative moods suggested that the exchanges of information dominate the conversation. Also, this may indicates the levels of participants competence in using casual English in foreign language context.
A cost function to determine the optimum filter and parameters for stabilising gaze data

Prior to delivery of data, eye tracker software may apply filtering to correct for noise. Although filtering produces much better precision of data, it may add to the time it takes for the reporting of gaze data to stabilise after a saccade due to the usage of a sliding window. The effect of various filters and parameter settings on accuracy, precision and filter related latency is examined. A cost function can be used to obtain the optimal parameters (filter, length of window, metric and threshold for removal of samples and removal percentage). It was found that for any of the FIR filters, the standard deviation of samples can be used to remove 95% of samples in the window so than an optimum combination of filter related latency and precision can be obtained. It was also confirmed that for unfiltered data, the shape of noise, signified by RMS/STD, is around 2 as expected for white noise, whereas lower RMS/STD values were observed for all filters