Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictive Direct Voltage Control of Induction Motor With Mechanical Model Consideration for Sensorless Applications

Finite control set model predictive control is a simple solution for control of power electronics instruments. One of the deterrent problems with this method is the weighting factor in the cost function. Adjusting the weighting factor has a significant impact on achieving the desired response. However, the optimum value of the weighting factor can be changed by varying the operation point. Predictive direct voltage control uses a simplified cost function without weighting factor. In this method, the only term of the cost function is the last control variable, i.e., voltage of the inverter. The reference voltage is calculated by the deadbeat method, and the feasible voltages are examined in the cost functions. However, the weak robustness is the main drawback of the method because the reference is calculated on the basis of the deadbeat method with similar problem, especially in sensorless applications. In this paper, a robust predictive direct voltage control is proposed. The prediction model is improved by an model reference adaptive system method taking the mechanical model of the motor into consideration. The method is evaluated by simulations and experiments in a wide range of the operating points.
Application of Automatic Resonant Frequency Tuning Circuit to Induction Heating System

Induction heating is the technique that heats the conductive material by high frequency large AC magnetic field. For efficient generation of the AC magnetic field, induction heating technique commonly utilizes the resonance between the heating coil and the resonating capacitor. The resonance is generally excited by applying the AC voltage of the resonant frequency. However, the resonant frequency is unstable because this frequency is susceptible to the disposition of the material to be heated. As a result, high efficiency high power induction heating system often suffers from unstable operation. This paper addresses this problem by proposing application of a simple automatic resonant frequency tuning circuit to the induction heating. This circuit can automatically achieve equivalent adjustment of the resonance frequency at the operating frequency without special control or the circuit sensing. In addition, this paper elucidated the control method of this tuning circuit to achieve the soft-switching operation in both of the inverter that drives the heating coil and the tuning circuit itself. The experiment revealed successful stabilization of the resonant frequency as well as satisfaction of the soft-switching condition both of the inverter and the tuning circuit, supporting effectiveness of the tuning circuit for induction heating.
Investigation of Immunomodulation Activity in the Leaves of Dalbergia dissoo

Medicinal plants have a compelling role in modern and ancient cultures. Diverse active principles have been originated from the conventional medicinal plants. WHO evaluates that 70% of humans still depends on the herbal medication. India is a rich source of herbal flora and medical systems used here are ancient [1]. The Indian medicinal systems are categorized into classical and traditional systems. These systems cover adapted systems and Indian originated systems which include Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Yoga and Naturopathy [2]. Ayurveda principally uses plant based formulations for treatment [3]. The synthesis of aromatic substance by plants is nearly inexhaustible. Most of the substances isolated are secondary metabolites which are estimated to be less than 10% of the total [4]. Very few of these metabolites have been investigated phytochemically. The percentage submitted to biological and pharmacological screening is even lower. As plants have myriad of metabolites many researchers are turning their concerns into medicinal plant research as it is the most emerging source for possible new lead compounds which can then be taken into therapeutically screening programmes. Plant based drugs are an important source of therapeutic agents because of their abundant availability, relatively cheaper cost and non-toxic nature when compared to modern medicine [5]. There is an enormous demand for the medicinal plants. Antioxidant property of various plants is being investigated because of the health benefits. An antioxidant is a molecule which is efficient in slowing or preventing the oxidation of other molecules [6]. Oxidation is a chemical reaction that transfers electron from a substance to an oxidizing agent. Oxidation reactions can produce free radicals, which start chain reactions that damage cells [7]. Antioxidants cease these reactions by removing the intermediates [8].
Correlators for Interferometric Radiometry in Remote Sensing Applications, A Scaling Perspective

Correlators are extensively used in the field of radio interferometry. Two different types are considered for two applications; autocorrelators for spectrometry and cross-correlators for aperture synthesis. We concentrate on satellite-based applications where power budgets are very restrictive. Several satellites are already employing correlators for interferometric measurements, and future projects are targeting even larger systems in terms of spectral channels in the case of spectrometry and baseline counts in the case of aperture synthesis. Thus, it is important to develop correlators with increasing channel count, either using ASIC technology scaling or by constructing larger systems from several ASICs. Building on earlier ASIC designs, we examine how larger correlator systems can be constructed and the implications this has, in terms of power dissipation, system complexity, and ASIC count. Our findings indicate that, for large systems, having a very high channel count per ASIC is indeed of interest for keeping system complexity and power dissipation down by reducing both ASIC and I/O count, especially for cross-correlators.
Bragg gratings inscribed in selectively inflated photonic crystal fibers

We report a method for effective fabrication of Bragg gratings in all-silica photonic crystal fibers (PCF). The problem of cladding-hole scattering in PCF grating inscription is avoided by selectively inflating a section of PCF, resulting a locally suspended-core fiber (SCF) region with relatively simple cladding structure. Hence, the inscription laser can laterally access to the core region with little loss. In the SCF regions with core diameter ranging from 2 to 4.5 μm, first-order Bragg gratings are fabricated by use of a phase mask and a focused infrared femtosecond laser with pulse energy as low as ~200 μJ. For the same grating period, samples with different core sizes exhibit different resonant wavelengths and spectral properties, which would enable a range of applications in grating-integrated PCF sensors and devices.
Cyclical expenditure policy, output volatility and economic growth

This article provides an empirical assessment of the relation between the cyclicality of fiscal expenditure policy, output volatility and economic growth, using a cross-section of 88 countries over the period 1960 to 2004. Identification of the effects of (endogenous) cyclical expenditure policy is achieved by exploiting the exogeneity of countries’ political and institutional characteristics, which we find to be relevant determinants of the cyclicality of expenditures. There are three main results: first, both pro- and countercyclical expenditure policy amplify output volatility, much in a way like pure fiscal shocks; second, output volatility, due to variations in cyclical and discretionary fiscal policy, is negatively associated with economic growth; third, there is no direct effect of cyclicality on economic growth other than through output volatility.
Evaluation of Virulence Factors and Plasmid-Related Transmissibility among Different Isolates of Enterococci

The incidence of virulence factors among 114 Enterococcus faecalis and 35 Enterococcus faecium strains from different clinical specimens were compared with those isolated from control groups. A few of the isolates expressed two or more of the following traits simultaneously: hemolysin, aggregation substance, gelatinase, DNase, hemagglutinin and antibiotic resistance. The frequencies of hemolysin, aggregation substance, and gelatinase production in E. faecalis were much higher than those in E. faecium. However, no statistically significant differences were detected in the other traits. Two of the isolates showed total resistance to all of the antibiotics tested, and others displayed varied degrees of resistance pattern. The frequency of plasmid transfer was shown to be 10 -4 - 10 -7 per donor among the isolated strains. The plasmid profile of the bacteria indicated that most of the isolates contained one or more plasmids with molecular weight ranging in 2 to 42 Mda regions. Resistance to gentamicin and tetracycline was the most observed antibiotic resistance pattern, and had the property of efficient inter-enterococcal spp. transfer by mating. Iran. Biomed. J. 9 (2): 51-55, 2005
Comparison of complex fractionated atrial electrograms between the left atrium and pulmonary veins in development of persistent atrial fibrillation in goats

Background: The role of complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAEs) in the maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF) is controversial. The main problem is the underlying mechanism of CFAEs is not clear. Objective: This study aimed to compare CFAEs between the left atrium (LA) and pulmonary veins (PVs) dynamically at development of and terminations tage of persistent AF in goats and try to explore the mechanism of CFAEs. Methods: Eight female goats were instrumented with electrodes at the LA and left side PV. Sustained AF (>24 h) was induced in the goat by rapid intermintant left atrial pacing for 9.3 ± 4.6 days. After AF lasted for more than 24 h spontaneously, propafenone was infused intravenously untiltermination of AF. Characteristics of PV sand LA electrograms were analyzed in the development and termination of AF. Results: With prolonged stimulation, the duration of AF prolonged, CFAEs in LA and PVs increased gradually, PVs have more CFAEs than LA all the time. When induced AF lasted for more than 24 h, CFAEs in PVs became sustained approximately (3.3% ± 4.0% vs. 91.8% ± 6.7%, at onset of AF vs. AF lasted for more than 24 h, P<0.05), and the ratio of CFAEs in PVs was more than that in LA (91.8% ± 6.7% vs.78.7% ± 4.6%, P<0.05). Administration of propafenone resulted in a gradual decrease of CFAEs in the LA and PVs (P<0.05). CFAEs disappeared in the LA before cardioversion. Sinus rhythm resumed only when CFAEs in the left superior PV vanished completely. Conclusion: CFAEs are area-specific. CFAEs are increased gradually with the electrical remodeling. CFAEs in PVs may play an important role in the maintenance of AF in this model.
Phytoplankton in the Upper San Francisco Estuary:

<p>Several pelagic fish populations in the upper San Francisco Estuary have recently declined to historically low abundances, prompting an interest in the status of their food supply. Previous studies have indicated that the primary food supply for metazoans in the Delta is phytoplankton productivity, and the long-term decrease in phytoplankton over the last few decades may very well play a role in the long-term decline of pelagic fish abundance. Regional phytoplankton biomass trends during 1996–2005, however, are positive in the Delta and neutral in Suisun Bay, the two major sub-regions of the upper estuary. The trend in Delta primary productivity is also positive. Changes in phytoplankton biomass and production during the last decade are therefore unlikely to be the cause of these more recent metazoan declines. The main source of interannual phytoplankton variability in the Delta during 1996–2005, including the upward trend, appears to have been freshwater flow variability and its effect on particle residence time. This conclusion is supported by trend analyses; the concurrence of these time trends at widely-separated stations; empirical models at the annual and monthly time scales; particle residence time estimates; and SJC-448
Dissociation between predisposition to Colitis and development of Colitis-Associated Cancer in p110δ PI3K mice

The p110δ isoform of PI3K has attracted widespread attention for its role in allergy and inflammation and p110δ-specific inhibitors are currently being tested. Mice that express an inactivated p110δ PI3K isoform (p110δ) develop mild caecal and rectal colitis. p110δ mice were investigated for their propensity to inflammation and due to the causal link between inflammation and cancer also for their susceptibility to colorectal cancer in a colitis-associated cancer model. Here, we show that p110δ mice spontaneously develop colitis, but only in the presence of intestinal flora. Exposure to lipopolysaccharide leads to increased inflammatory cytokine secretion in p110δ colons. We show that p110δ mice have decreased numbers of peripheral CD4CD25 regulatory T cells and that these cells have a specific inability to migrate in response to the thymus exit chemokine sphingosine-1-phosphate, providing an additional explanation for the enhanced inflammatory phenotype. Finally, the absence of active p110δ PI3K results in aggravated inflammation but does not lead to more cancer in the colorectal cancer model. Also aged p110δ mice do not develop colorectal or other types of cancer. Thus our results reveal important new insight into the relation between colonic inflammation and cancer as the lack of active p110δ predisposes to colitis but does not carry increased risk of colitis-associated colon cancer, the latter probably as a consequence of a negative role for p110δ in colon tumour surveillance.
Energy requirements for maintenance of ion concentrations in roots

Maintenance of ion gradients across plant membranes is considered to be an impor­ tant process requiring respiratory energy in plant tissues. In order to test this hy­ pothesis, roots of intact plants of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Alcmaria and cv. Pimpernel) were incubated in a closed circulation system. Electrical conductivity of the solution surrounding these roots was continuously monitored to determine total ion efflux into demineralized water. Anion efflux rate from the symplast was 35 neq (g dry weight)1 s1 • In combination with literature data on the specific costs of ion transport, this efflux rate yields the respiration rate associated with re-uptake balanc­ ing efflux (i.e. maintenance of cellular ion concentrations). The results suggest that energy costs associated with re-uptake of ions may account for up to 25-50% of the total respiratory costs involved in ion influx.
Compositional provinces of Mars from statistical analyses of TES, GRS, OMEGA and CRISM data

We identified 10 distinct classes of mineral assemblage on Mars through statistical analyses of mineral abundances derived from Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) data at a spatial resolution of 8 pixels per degree. Two classes are new regions in Sinus Meridiani and northern Hellas basin. Except for crystalline hematite abundance, Sinus Meridiani exhibits compositional characteristics similar to Meridiani Planum; these two regions may share part of a common history. The northern margin of Hellas basin lacks olivine and high‐Ca pyroxene compared to terrains just outside the Hellas outer ring; this may reflect a difference in crustal compositions and/or aqueous alteration. Hesperian highland volcanic terrains are largely mapped into one class. These terrains exhibit low‐to‐intermediate potassium and thorium concentrations (from Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GRS) data) compared to older highland terrains, indicating differences in the complexity of processes affecting mantle melts between these different‐aged terrains. A previously reported, locally observed trend toward decreasing proportions of low‐calcium pyroxene relative to total pyroxene with time is also apparent over the larger scales of our study. Spatial trends in olivine and pyroxene abundance are consistent with those observed in near‐infrared data sets. Generally, regions that are distinct in TES data also exhibit distinct elemental characteristics in GRS data, suggesting that surficial coatings are not the primary control on TES mineralogical variations, but rather reflect regional differences in igneous and large‐scale sedimentary/glacial processes. Distinct compositions measured over large, low‐dust regions from multiple data sets indicate that global homogenization of unconsolidated surface materials has not occurred.
The finite element method for the mechanically based model of non‐local continuum

In this paper the finite element method (FEM) for the mechanically based non‐local elastic continuum model is proposed. In such a model each volume element of the domain is considered mutually interacting with the others, beside classical interactions involved by the Cauchy stress field, by means of central body forces that are monotonically decreasing with their inter‐distance and proportional to the product of the interacting volume elements. The constitutive relations of the long‐range interactions involve the product of the relative displacement of the centroids of volume elements by a proper, distance‐decaying function, which accounts for the decrement of the long‐range interactions as long as distance increases. In this study, the elastic problem involving long‐range central interactions for isotropic elastic continuum will be solved with the aid of the FEM. The accuracy of the solution obtained with the proposed FEM code is compared with other solutions obtained with Galerkins' approximation as well as with finite difference method. Moreover, a parametric study regarding the effect of the material length scale in the mechanically based model and in the Kr”oner–Eringen non‐local elasticity has been investigated for a plane elasticity problem. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Should we offer a bioprosthetic valve to women of child bearing age who need valve replacement

Pregnancy is associated with hypercoagulability and hemodynamic instability. Mechanical valves pose a special problem during pregnancy. Warfarin, the most effective drug for preventing valve complications, is teratogenic and also increases fetal loss. Other anticoagulant regimens are less effective and therefore increase the risk of maternal and fetal complications. Chronic anticoagulation can also significantly affect young patient’s quality of life. Biological valves do not require maintenance of any kind and do not pose special risk during pregnancy. However, they degenerate with time, requiring reintervention. Practice guidelines are gradually moving toward recommending biological valves in the majority of young women. There are emerging solutions for valve degeneration that will further tilt the balance in favor of these valves.
Atlantic Causal Inference Conference (ACIC) Data Analysis Challenge 2017

This brief note documents the data generating processes used in the 2017 Data Analysis Challenge associated with the Atlantic Causal Inference Conference (ACIC). The focus of the challenge was estimation and inference for conditional average treatment effects (CATEs) in the presence of targeted selection, which leads to strong confounding. The associated data files and further plots can be found on the first author's web page.
Predictors of Pregnancy and Live-Birth in Couples with Unexplained Infertility following Ovarian Stimulation-Intrauterine Insemination

Objective—To identify baseline characteristics of couples likely to predict conception, clinical pregnancy, and live-birth following up to four cycles of ovarian stimulation with intrauterine insemination in couples with unexplained infertility. Design—Secondary analyses of data from a prospective, randomized, multicenter clinical trial investigating pregnancy, live-birth, and multiple pregnancy rates following ovarian stimulationintrauterine insemination with clomiphene citrate, letrozole, or gonadotropins. Setting—Outpatient clinical units associated with the Reproductive Medicine Network clinical sites Patients—Nine-hundred couples with unexplained infertility who participated in the Assessment of Multiple Intrauterine Gestations from Ovarian Stimulation (AMIGOS) clinical trial. Intervention—As part of the clinical trial, treatment was randomized equally to one of three arms and continued for up to four cycles or until pregnancy was achieved. Main outcomes measures—Conception, clinical pregnancy and live-birth rates. Results—In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, after adjustment for other covariates, age, waist circumference, income level, duration of infertility, and a history of prior pregnancy loss were significantly associated with at least one pregnancy outcome. Other baseline demographic and lifestyle characteristics including smoking, alcohol use, and serum levels of AMH, were not significantly associated with pregnancy outcomes. Conclusions—While age and duration of infertility were significant predictors of all pregnancy outcomes, many other baseline characteristics were not. The identification of level of income as a significant predictor of outcomes independent of race and education may reflect differences in the underlying etiologies of unexplained infertility or could reveal disparities in access to fertility and/or obstetrical care.
Solubility Modeling of N-CBZ Derivatised Amino Acids in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

The experimental solubility of CBZ (Carbobenzoxy) derivatized amino acids namely N-CBZ valine, N-CBZ proline, N-CBZ aspartic acid in supercritical carbon dioxide were correlated by Soave-Red- lich-Kwong Equation state based on fugacity determination and group contribution method using extrapolated critical parameters and mixing rules and other two different empirical models proposed by Yu (1994) and Gordillo-coworkers (1999). The SRK EOS prediction showed very high deviation of % AARD of 9% - 59%. The Yu model had three derivatized amino acids with average absolute deviation from 2.04, 8.17, 10.96, while the Gordillo model had 0.245, 1.067 and 1.144 for CBZ-valine, CBZ-proline and CBZ-aspartic acid successively. The correlated values had better fit with Gordillo model. The predictive capability and applicability for these amino acid derivatives for both the models demonstrated with correlation coefficient around 0.99 for all the experimental solubility observed.