Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sport Products and Services in Sport Demand Model based on Heckman Model

On the basis of an in-depth analysis of the connotation and characteristics of sport demand, according to family Becker production function theory, through economic model analysis of the impact mechanism of age, income, leisure time, sport skills, wage rates and prices and other factors on the sport demand and consumption. Take Beijing city as an example. The collection of domestic sport demand and sport related consumption of the actual data, using Heckman two stage estimation of the econometric test on the theoretical expectations model, and then put forward the expansion of sport demand, increase the countermeasures and suggestions of sport consumption.
The development of nutrient contents on a new conservation area in the far North of Germany concerning different types of use. A proposal for a sustainable development in nature conservation practice

The present study analyzes a short-term observation of a newly created nature conservation area. The aim was to investigate different effects of grazing by cattle and, otherwise, the frequent mowing on the development of nutrient contents of soils. The results are typical for the strong sandy Weichselian outwash plain in the north of Central Europe (Schleswig-Holstein, Germany). Two neighboring testing areas of different use and sowed with an agricultural grass were observed for more than two years. The first area had been grazed intensively by cattle and the other one had been mowed twice a year. During this time, several nutrients and other soil parameters have been analyzed at regular intervals. Furthermore, we made observations about soil compaction and the succession of vegetation. The results show a stronger reduction especially of nitrogenous nutrients on the mowing area (-25%). In contrast, on the grazing area, the contents of nitrogen doubled during two growing seasons (+125%). However, a high atmospheric input of nitrogen strengthened the result. Less conclusive were the results about the contents of potassium, phosphorus and SOM. Therefore, mowing could be advised, if quick results are required concerning the impoverishment of soils. Furthermore, the development of succession vegetation was quite different on both areas with the number of plant species 12% higher on the grazing area. However, long-term but non-intensive cattle-grazing must still be rated as an excellent method of maintenance for this type of cultural landscape. It corresponds with the centuries-old land-use practice in this type of landscape and promotes high level of biodiversity. Therefore, there is nothing that speaks against non-intensive grazing from the beginning on a newly created nature-protection area within a long-term conception of nature conservation. The removal of A horizons should be avoided as it damages Holocene soil profies and has only short-term effects.
CHANGES IN PERCEIVED LOCUS OF CONTROL AND SELF-REPORTED ANXIETY IN ALCOHOLICS DURING TREATMENT (ALCOHOLISM, REHABILITATION, OUTPATIENT).

This study attempted to duplicate earlier findings on locus of control among alcoholics in treatment. In addition, measuring on alcoholics' perceived level of anxiety was used to look for consis­ tencies or discrepancies between reported levels of personal control and distress. It was hypothesized that decreases in both reported levels of personal control and anxiety would decrease as a function of time spent in treatment. The participants in this research consisted of twenty-one alcoholics enrolled in one of three treatment groups. Data on members of each treatment group were gathered, using Rotter's Internal versus External Control of Reinforcement Scale to assess perceived personal control, and the Symptom Checklist to measure perceived anxiety. Analyses of variances on the responses of both the Rotter and SCL-90 scales failed.to show any significant differences among the three treatment groups. The experimental hypotheses were not confirmed. The findings and their implications are discussed.
Multiple Colonic Injuries: For Grading and Universal Management Plan

Wounds of the colon and rectum resulting from penetrating or blunt trauma are commonly encountered in civilian and War circumstances. Prior to the World War II, this type of injury was associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Objective: Our main objective is to demonstrate the presence of multiple injuries of the colon due to gunshot wounds as a definite clinical and operative entity and to evaluate its prevalence in clinical practice. Design/methods: This study has been conducted in 6 months period from October 2016 to March 2017, in a general hospital close to Saudi-Yemeni borders in a war zone. This study included 23 patients presenting with gunshot injuries of the abdomen and colon was injured in all of them . In this study, patients were managed according to ATLS guidelines and sent to or for laparotomy. Full exploration of the abdominal organs and viscera was done. Cases with colon injuries were involved in the study where we evaluate the site of injuries and the number of injuries as well as the grade of colon injury according to AAST grading system. Surgical management was done by primary repair, excision with colostomy or excision with anastomosis. Patients were followed in the postoperative period where complications were reported. Results: Patients were at the age range of 19 to 39 years with a mean of 26.65 ± 4.49 years. The most common part of the colon injured was the left colon (60.9%) followed by the right colon (17.4%), the transverse colon (13.0%), and the ceacum (8.7%). Colonic injuries were graded according to the American association of trauma scale, where grade 1 injury was seen in 1 patient (4.3%), grade 2 was found in 6 patients (26.1%) grade 3 in 6 patients (26.1%), grade 4 in 6 patients (26.1%), while 4 patients sustained multiple perforations of the colon in a percentage of 17.4 which is a significant percentage. Conclusion: Multiple injuries of the colon are frequently seen in gunshot injuries due to the use of shotgun weapons. These types of injuries are managed on individual basis with wide variety of results, which may be due to absence of proper grading and management guidelines.
Reading Instruction: Using a Single Basal Reading Program versus a Tri-Basal Reading Program.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether significant mean differences exist in standardized reading scores between a district that utilized a single basal series to develop reading ability and a district utilizing a tri-basal approach to reading. A cross-section of elementary teachers from two similar suburban school districts that adopted either a single basal program or a tri-basal program responded to questionnaires that sought information on the various approaches used in the classroom for the instruction of reading. Performance was measured by the Reading Comprehension scores on the Iowa standardized tests for five elementary school buildings in each of the school districts. Results indicated no statistically significant difference between the reading comprehension achievement among the randomly selected elementary students who receive reading instruction through the use of one basal reading program, versus students who receive instruction through a tri-basal reading program. (Two tables of data are included and the questionnaire is attached. Contains 68 references.) (RS) (Author/RS) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. * *********************************************************************** READING INSTRUCTION: USING A SINGLE BASAL READING PROGRAM VERSUS A TRI-BASAL READING PROGRAM By Geraldine McDonald Submitted in partial fulfillment of t e Master of Arts Degree in Reading Specialization U IS DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Oft.ce Edocatronai Research and Imposierhent EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) I( This dOCument has been reproduced IS received from the gerrson o orglinizatv n orvnetrnp 0 Mnor etlenpes have been mad* to rmwove ',Wei:Waren Qualify Roods of view Or oprnions *feted rn the docu mere do not necesserdy represent officsi OERI pos.t,on or oohdy Kean College of New Jersey April, 1994 2 -PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC). -
Do Stock Prices in Ho Chi Minh City Trading Center Have Unit Roots ? A Discussion on Power of ADF F test with Unexpected Initial Value

This paper attempts to apply most powerful unit root tests for stock prices in Ho Chi Minh City Trading Center (HoSTC) of Vietnam in the context extreme initial values are highly possible. Theoretically, we find in that case ADF F test is not only superior to the tests which are most powerful for small and moderate initial values, as shown by the recent researches such as Muller and Elliott (2003), but also has better performance against ADF t test given small and moderate sample sizes and, especially, autoregressive lag coefficient is close to unity. The procedure proposed by Holden and Perman (1994), which takes advantage of both t-type and F-type ADF tests is able to reject almost all of the series appearing to have extreme initial values in HoSTC. Although, surprisingly, unit root tests as a whole cannot decisively reject the null, we would maintain the view that the stock prices hardly follow random walk hypothesis implying the market is inefficient.
Managerial Authority When Knowledge is Distributed: A Knowledge Governance Perspective

A critical knowledge governance problem concerns the consequences for the use of the authority if the knowledge that is essential in a work setting is partially unknown to the person who is to exercise authority. Is it possible to rationally direct work and activities and efficiently utilize knowledge under such conditions? Recently, many scholars have given negative answers to this question, arguing that authority relations are becoming strained by the increasingly distributed nature of knowledge in and between firms. We analyze this argument on the basis of definitions of authority and distributed knowledge. This allows us to show that - while intuitively appealing - the argument that authority cannot be an efficient coordination mechanism in the presence of distributed knowledge is at best problematic. The argument is based on the flawed inference that because the holder of authority is ignorant about some of the knowledge held by employees, he cannot rationally direct them. However, it is correct that the quality of centralized direction (planning, authority) may be compromised by distributed knowledge, leading to choices of other governance mechanisms and structures.
Evolution of modern approaches to express uncertainty in measurement

An object of this paper is to discuss the logical development of the concept of uncertainty in measurement and the methods for its quantification from the classical error analysis to the modern approaches based on the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM). We review authoritative literature on error analysis and then discuss its limitations which motivated the experts from the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM), the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) and various national metrology institutes to develop specific recommendations which form the basis of the GUM. We discuss the new concepts introduced by the GUM and their merits and limitations. The limitations of the GUM led the BIPM Joint Committee on Guides in Metrology to develop an alternative approach—the draft Supplement 1 to the GUM (draft GUM-S1). We discuss the draft GUM-S1 and its merits and limitations. We hope this discussion will lead to a more effective use of the GUM and the draft GUM-S1 and stimulate investigations leading to further improvements in the methods to quantify uncertainty in measurement.
A SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY OF THE FIELDS OF 28 STRONG GRAVITATIONAL LENSES: THE GROUP CATALOG

With a large, unique spectroscopic survey in the fields of 28 galaxy-scale strong gravitational lenses, we identify groups of galaxies in the 26 adequately sampled fields. Using a group-finding algorithm, we find 210 groups with at least 5 member galaxies; the median number of members is 8. Our sample spans redshifts of 0.04 ≤ zgrp ≤ 0.76 with a median of 0.31, including 174 groups with 0.1 < zgrp < 0.6. The groups have radial velocity dispersions of 60 ≤ σgrp ≤ 1200 km s−1 with a median of 350 km s−1. We also discover a supergroup in field B0712+472 at z = 0.29 that consists of three main groups. We recover groups similar to ∼85% of those previously reported in these fields within our redshift range of sensitivity and find 187 new groups with at least five members. The properties of our group catalog, specifically, (1) the distribution of σgrp, (2) the fraction of all sample galaxies that are group members, and (3) the fraction of groups with significant substructure, are consistent with those for other catalogs. The distribution of group virial masses agrees well with theoretical expectations. Of the lens galaxies, 12 of 26 (46%) (B1422+231, B1600+434, B2114+022, FBQS J0951+2635, HE0435-1223, HST J14113+5211, MG0751+2716, MGJ1654+1346, PG 1115+080, Q ER 0047-2808, RXJ1131-1231, and WFI J2033-4723) are members of groups with at least five galaxies, and one more (B0712+472) belongs to an additional, visually identified group candidate. There are groups not associated with the lens that still are likely to affect the lens model; in six of 25 (24%) fields (excluding the supergroup), there is at least one massive (σgrp ≥ 500 km s−1) group or group candidate projected within 2′ of the lens.
The Microscale Obstacle Resolving Meteorological Model MITRAS : Model Theory

This paper describes the developing theory and the underlying processes of the microscale obstacle resolving model MITRAS Version 2. MITRAS calculates wind, temperature, humidity and precipitation fields as well as transport within the obstacles layer using Reynolds averaging. It explicitly resolves obstacles, including buildings and overhanging obstacles, to consider their aerodynamic and thermodynamic effects. Buildings are represented by impermeable grid cells at the building positions so that the wind speed vanishes and zero turbulent kinetic energy is assumed in these grid cells. Wall functions are 15 used to calculate appropriate turbulent fluxes. Most exchange processes at the obstacle surfaces are considered in MITRAS, including convective and radiative processes in order to obtain an accurate surface temperature. MITRAS is also able to simulate the effect of wind turbines. They are parameterized using the actuator-disk concept to account for the reduction in wind speed. The turbulence generation in the wake of a wind turbine is parameterized by adding an additional part to the turbulence mechanical production term in the turbulent kinetic energy equation. Effects of trees are considered explicitly, 20 including the wind speed reduction, turbulence production, and dissipation due to drag forces from plant foliage elements as well as the radiation absorption and shading. The paper is providing not only a documentation of the model dynamics and numerical framework but also a solid foundation for future microscale model extensions.
Pushing Out the Oil with Conformance Control

nTwo examples of production reversal during Marathon Oil Company’s conformance control campaign in Wyoming’s Big Horn basin. In each case, Marathon injected a polymer-gel system into an injector and noted the production response in adjacent producers. Both examples show a dramatic reversal of both declining oil rate and increasing water/oil ratio (WOR)—see straightline trends in top figure. On average, each extra barrel of oil derived from their series of 29 treatments cost Marathon just $0.34. Gel treatment 1000
Decomposition of Intramolecular Interactions Between Amino-Acids in Globular Proteins - A Consequence for Structural Classes of Proteins and Methods of Their Classification

An amino-acid in proteins shows two different, yet mutually dependent faces connected through the polymer character of a protein in the final product. They are the amino-acid sidechain and its corresponding backbone part. On the level of the side-chains, we often refer to specific structural arrangements such as hydrophobic cluster motifs, salt-bridge motifs or hydrogen-bond motifs characterizing various parts of a protein and usually assigned to a certain function. The backbone on the other hand offers limited, yet general structural motifs –  and random coil patterns. All of these mentioned amino-acid features contribute to the synergy demonstrated observably by protein stability and protein function. Thermal stability is one of the most important features of the structure of a fully folded protein. It is defined as the difference in the Gibbs free energy between its native and denaturated states and as such is a function of temperature and implicitly a function of protein composition and the effect of the environment. Nevertheless, it is necessary to say that for this function we do not know yet the precise and general form which could be applicable for a large set of proteins. There have been many attempts to propose an intuitive, yet productive decomposition of Gibbs free stabilization energy (GFSE) into simple terms. One of the scenarios utilized for such purposes is that the total free energy is the sum of the free energies of various atomic groups and the hydrophobic effect. However, as the free energy is not additive and the fractionation of free energy to independent terms is difficult, this attempt has been quite unsuccessful. The utilization of molecular modeling methodology and tools has opened a more systematic and perhaps more promising approach – the evaluation of the enthalpy term in the equation for Gibbs free energy with reasonable accuracy (Lazaridis, Archontis, & Karplus, 1995). The remaining entropy term could be obtained by fitting the corresponding analytical form to the experimental data. There are basically three different enthalpy contributions that we can separate. The first comes from the intramolecular interactions between the atoms of proteins, producing the largest stabilizing enthalpy contribution. The second comes from the interactions between the molecules of a solvent, and finally the third contribution is the result of the interactions between the atoms of the solute (protein) and the solvent.
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INDOLE 3-ACETIC ACID FROM COLLETOTRICHUM GLOEOSPORIOIDES - A FIRST REPORT

The carbon source in plant cell suspension culture is a very important factor for growth and development. In the present investigation the role of different carbon sources such as analytical grade sucrose (HiMedia, India), commercial grade sugar, sugarcubes and jaggery (both purchased from local market) were studied in cell growth of Momordica charantia in an effort to reduce the cost instead of using high cost carbon source. Studies have revealed that significant improvement was observed in cell growth on a medium containing sugarcubes. More callus could be induced successfully from leaf and shoot tissues when cultured on MS medium supplemented with two combinations of growth regulators influence (Kin+IAA and BA+IAA). More fresh weight and the best friability of callus was obtained from leaf explants on MS medium containing 1.0 mgl IAA and 0.5 mgl Kin with semi-solid medium (0.6% agar). The cell suspension culture promoted the best cell growth in medium containing sugarcubes with biomass of 8.245 g fresh weight and 0.298 g dry weight in 24 days of inoculation. This is the first report using four different carbon sources in plant cell suspension cultures. The results showed that out of four carbon sources tested, sugarcubes could be the best source of carbon and it potentially reduces the cost of using costly carbon sources in cell suspension cultures.
Use of nitrogen from fertilizer and cover crops by upland rice in an Oxisol under no-tillage in the Cerrado

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of cover crops on the yield of upland rice ( Oryza sativa ) grown under no‑tillage system, in the presence and absence of N fertilizer, as well as to quantify, in the field, the use efficiency of N from urea and cover crops by upland rice, through the 15N isotope dilution technique. The field experiment was carried out in the municipality of Selviria, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in an Oxisol (Rhodic Hapludox) in the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) region. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 15 treatments and four replicates, in a 5x3 factorial arrangement. The treatments were four cover crops ( Crotalaria juncea , Cajanus cajan , Mucuna pruriens , and Pennisetum glaucum ) + spontaneous vegetation (fallow in off-season), combined with three forms of N fertilization: control treatment, without N fertilizer application; 20 kg ha -1 N at sowing; and 20 kg ha -1 N at sowing plus 60 kg ha -1 N as topdressing. Rice is not affected by N fertilizer application as topdressing, when legume cover crops are used. The use of legume cover crops provides higher grain yield and use of fertilizer‑N by rice than that of millet or fallow. Legume cover crops promote an effect equivalent to that of the application of 60 kg ha -1 N as urea on rice yield.
Measurements of wake-induced electron beam deflection in a dechirper at the Linac Coherent Light Source

The RadiaBeam/SLAC dechirper, a structure consisting of pairs of flat, metallic, corrugated plates, %a corrugated structure in flat geometry, has been installed just upstream of the undulators in the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). As a dechirper, with the beam passing between the plates on axis, longitudinal wakefields are induced that can remove unwanted energy chirp in the beam. However, with the beam passing off axis, strong transverse wakes are also induced. This mode of operation has already been used for the production of intense, multi-color photon beams using the Fresh-Slice technique, and is being used to develop a diagnostic for attosecond bunch length measurements. Here we measure, as function of offset, the strength of the transverse wakefields that are excited between the two plates, and also for the case of the beam passing near to a single plate. We compare with analytical formulas from the literature, and find good agreement. This report presents the first systematic measurements of the transverse wake strength in a dechirper, one that has been excited by a bunch with the short pulse duration and high energy found in an X-ray free electron laser.
The price of tourism : land alienation in Vanuatu

Driven mainly by foreign investment in the areas of tourism, financial services and land development, it is expatriates who are primarily reaping the gains of business development. This lack of inclusive development is becoming an alarming source of growing economic inequalities, dispossession and potentially disruptive social trends. Yet, ni-Vanuatu are not inherently opposed to community-sensitive' development that can generate employment opportunities and income sources for the population. While economic growth is clearly desirable, an urgent policy imperative exists to ensure that Ni-Vanuatu become equal participants in these developments and the subsequent benefits. This briefing note focuses specifically on some of the challenging effects of foreign investment on the dynamics of land use and ownership in Vanuatu. Conflicts about land are potentially explosive and recent historical events in Fiji, Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea have shown the urgency of designing effective long-term policy responses to these sensitive issues.