Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time-Topology Analysis

Many real-world networks have been evolving, and are finely modeled as temporal graphs from the viewpoint of the graph theory. A temporal graph is informative, and always contains two types of information, i.e., the temporal information and topological information, where the temporal information reflects the time when the relationships are established, and the topological information focuses on the structure of the graph. In this paper, we perform time-topology analysis on temporal graphs to extract useful information. Firstly, a new metric named T-cohesiveness is proposed to evaluate the cohesiveness of a temporal subgraph. It defines the cohesiveness of a temporal subgraph from the time and topology dimensions jointly. Specifically, given a temporal graph G s = ( Vs , ε Es ), cohesiveness in the time dimension reflects whether the connections in G s happen in a short period of time, while cohesiveness in the topology dimension indicates whether the vertices in V s are densely connected and have few connections with vertices out of G s . Then, T-cohesiveness is utilized to perform time-topology analysis on temporal graphs, and two time-topology analysis methods are proposed. In detail, T-cohesiveness evolution tracking traces the evolution of the T-cohesiveness of a subgraph, and combo searching finds out all the subgraphs that contain the query vertex and have T-cohesiveness larger than a given threshold. Moreover, a pruning strategy is proposed to improve the efficiency of combo searching. Experimental results confirm the efficiency of the proposed time-topology analysis methods and the pruning strategy.
Use of Tablets in Moroccan Primary School Inventory and Impact of Teacher Training

Since the 2000s, the leaders of Moroccan educational system called for the introduction of information and communication technology means in education. Thus, the majority of primary schools have been equipped with computers and internet connection. But when it comes to tablets, Moroccan schools are only in the early stages of experimentation. This article aims, on the one hand to probe the inventory of places of use of this artefact in classroom practice and to elucidate the obstacles that could constrain its effective and efficient use; on the other hand, to study the impact of teacher training on the perceived value of this artefact in educational practice. So, we carried out research via a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews in 13 schools that received endowments of 11 to 16 tablets each. The results showed that the use of tablets is very limited; and suffers from several obstacles that hinder its integration. And that the technical and pedagogical training of teachers is a major factor in the perceived usefulness of this technology in classroom practice.
Night underwater rides: the activity of a sandy beach gastropod is affected by interactive effects of light availability and water level

ABSTRACT Olivella minuta is an abundant gastropod and important consumer on beach food webs, whose feeding activity was recently demonstrated to be reduced when submerged. Our study aimed to test the interactive effects of water level and light in the activity of O. minuta. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory simulating four conditions: (1) Light, emerged (LE); (2) Dark, emerged (DE); (3) Light, immersed (LI); and (4) Dark, immersed (DI). Our results showed a significant interaction between water level and light variation. During conditions of light availability, the results corroborated our expectations and individuals were less active when immersed. However, individuals showed the highest activity when immersed during lightless conditions. This enhanced activity on dark immersed periods can be explained by optimization of feeding strategy, to benefit from the input of food resources brought by the tide. This could also be an adaptation to avoid predation by visual predators, which needs to be further evaluated. Our results show that patterns of activity of O. minuta may be susceptible to impacts of light pollution and coastal squeezing, and that the interacting effects of light and water level need to be considered in further studies on the behaviour of beach organisms.
1D-Zigzag Eu3+/Tb3+ Coordination Chains as Luminescent Ratiometric Thermometers Endowed with Multicolor Emission

Two homometallic Coordination Polymers (CPs) with composition [Ln(hfac)3bipy]n (Ln3+ = Eu3+, 1, and Tb3+, 2; hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonato, bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine) were used to develop a family of ratiometric luminescent thermometers containing Eu3+ and Tb3+ as red and green emitters, respectively. The thermometric properties of pure CPs and of their mixtures having an Eu3+/Tb3+ molar ratio of 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 1:10 (samples: Eu1Tb1, Eu1Tb3, Eu1Tb5, and Eu1Tb10) were studied in the 83–383 K temperature range. Irrespective of the chemical composition, we observed similar thermometric responses characterized by broad applicative temperature ranges (from 100 to 165 K wide), and high relative thermal sensitivity values (Sr), up to 2.40% K−1, in the physiological temperature range (298–318 K). All samples showed emissions endowed with peculiar and continuous color variation from green (83 K) to red (383 K) that can be exploited to develop a colorimetric temperature indicator. At fixed temperature, the color of the emitted light can be tuned by varying composition and excitation wavelength.
Induction of the Nrf2 Pathway by Sulforaphane Is Neuroprotective in a Rat Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Model

Epilepsy is a chronic disease of the brain that affects over 65 million people worldwide. Acquired epilepsy is initiated by neurological insults, such as status epilepticus, which can result in the generation of ROS and induction of oxidative stress. Suppressing oxidative stress by upregulation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been shown to be an effective strategy to increase endogenous antioxidant defences, including in brain diseases, and can ameliorate neuronal damage and seizure occurrence in epilepsy. Here, we aim to test the neuroprotective potential of a naturally occurring Nrf2 activator sulforaphane, in in vitro epileptiform activity model and a temporal lobe epilepsy rat model. Sulforaphane significantly decreased ROS generation during epileptiform activity, restored glutathione levels, and prevented seizure-like activity-induced neuronal cell death. When given to rats after 2 h of kainic acid-induced status epilepticus, sulforaphane significantly increased the expression of Nrf2 and related antioxidant genes, improved oxidative stress markers, and increased the total antioxidant capacity in both the plasma and hippocampus. In addition, sulforaphane significantly decreased status epilepticus-induced neuronal cell death. Our results demonstrate that Nrf2 activation following an insult to the brain exerts a neuroprotective effect by reducing neuronal death, increasing the antioxidant capacity, and thus may also modify epilepsy development.
Spatiotemporal, Kinematic and Kinetic Assessment of the Effects of a Foot Drop Stimulator for Home-Based Rehabilitation of Patients with Chronic Stroke -- A Three-Dimensional Motion Analysis

Background: Gait disability affects the daily lives of patients with stroke in both home and community settings. An abnormal foot–ankle position can cause instability on the supporting surface and negatively affect gait. Our research team explored the ability of a portable peroneal nerve-targeting electrical stimulator to improve gait ability by adjusting the foot–ankle position during walking in patients with chronic stroke undergoing home-based rehabilitation. Methods: This was a double-blinded, parallel-group randomized controlled trial. Thirty-one patients with chronic stroke and ankle–foot motor impairment were randomized to receive 3 weeks of gait training, which involved using the transcutaneous peroneal nerve stimulator while walking (tPNS group; n = 16, mean age: 52.25 years), or conventional home and/or community gait training therapy (CT group; n = 15, mean age: 54.8 years). Functional assessments were performed before and after the 3-week intervention. The outcome measures included spatiotemporal gait parameters, three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data on the ankle-foot joint, and a clinical motor and balance function assessment based on the Fugl–Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremity (FMA-LE) and Berg Balance scales (BBS). Additionally, 16 age-matched healthy adults served as a baseline control of three-dimensional gait data for both trial groups.Results: The FMA-LE and BBS scores improved in both the tPNS groups (p = .004 and .001, respectively) and CT groups (p = .034 and .028, respectively) from before to after training. Participants in the tPNS group exhibited significant differences in spatiotemporal gait parameters, including opposite foot off, double support, stride length, and walking speed, after training (p = .010, .042, .017 and .001, respectively). Additionally, the tPNS group exhibited significant differences in kinematic parameters, such as the ankle angle at the transverse plane (p = .021) and foot progression angle at the frontal plane (p = .009) upon initial contact, and the peak ankle joint angle at the transverse plane (p = .023) and foot progression angle at the frontal and transverse planes (p = .032 and .046, respectively) during gait cycles after 3 weeks of training.Conclusions: Use of a portable tPNS device during walking tasks appeared to improve spatiotemporal gait parameters and ankle and foot angles more effectively than conventional home rehabilitation in patients with chronic stroke. Although guidelines for home-based rehabilitation training services and an increasing variety of market devices are available, no evidence for improvement of motor function and balance was superior to conventional rehabilitation.Trial registration: Chictr, ChiCTR2000040137. Registered 22 November 2020, https://www.chictr. org.cn/showproj.aspx? proj=64424
Apical Sealing Ability of Two Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers Using a Radioactive Isotope Method: An In Vitro Apexification Model

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the sealing ability of two calcium silicate-based sealers (TotalFill BC RRM Fast Set Putty and White ProRoot MTA) when used as apical plugs in immature teeth through nuclear medicine. Single-rooted extracted teeth (n = 34) had their crowns and root tip sectioned to obtain 14 mm long root segments to simulate an in vitro apexification model. Were created two experimental groups, namely MTA (n = 12) and BC (n = 12), and two control groups, PG (positive group, n = 5) and NG (negative group, n = 5). On the 4th day after placing the respective apical plug, the apical portions of the teeth were submerged in a solution of sodium pertechnetate (99mTcNaO4) for 3 h. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the MTA group and the controls (p < 0.05). The BC group had a significant difference regarding the negative control (p < 0.001) but showed no statistical significance regarding the positive control (p = 0.168). There was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.009) between the BC group (7335.8 ± 2755.5) and the MTA group (4059.1 ± 1231.1), where the last showed less infiltration. Within the limitations of this study, White ProRoot MTA had a significantly better sealing ability than TotalFill BC RRM Fast Set Putty.
Parallel functional subnetworks embedded in the macaque face patch system

During normal vision, our eyes provide the brain with a continuous stream of useful information about the world. How visually specialized areas of the cortex, such as face-selective patches, operate under natural modes of behavior is poorly understood. Here we report that, during the free viewing of videos, cohorts of face-selective neurons in the macaque cortex fractionate into distributed and parallel subnetworks that carry distinct information. We classified neurons into functional groups based on their video-driven coupling with fMRI time courses across the brain. Neurons from each group were distributed across multiple face patches but intermixed locally with other groups at each recording site. These findings challenge prevailing views about functional segregation in the cortex and underscore the importance of naturalistic paradigms for cognitive neuroscience. One-Sentence Summary Natural visual experience reveals parallel functional subnetworks of neurons embedded within the macaque face patch system
Validation of a tool to conduct a Built Environment Analysis in a Low Income Country Setting

Validated BEA approaches for other health events have been shown to streamline research reproducibility and comparability. BEA auditing instruments for cardiovascular health, physical activity, and healthy aging have been validated in multiple country settings {Bethlehem, 2014, The SPOTLIGHT virtual audit tool: a valid and reliable tool to assess obesogenic characteristics of the built environment}. These validated tools streamline the research for other projects on the topic, and stand as a template for research that investigates BEA with similar health events {Bethlehem, 2014, The SPOTLIGHT virtual audit tool: a valid and reliable tool to assess obesogenic characteristics of the built environment}. With increasingly more research on RTI, standardized BEA methodology now will support the growing field of research and allow for more collaboration within the field. This project aims to validate the use of a standard tool to perform a Built Environment Analysis (BEA) for capturing the environmental conditions of the road traffic injury hotspots in LMIC. The psychometrics properties such as internal construct, reliability and external validity, will be compared to validate the instrument in LMIC.
Colostomies: A Brief Review

Aims: To carry out a brief review of the literature on the theme of ostomy, focusing on colostomies. Study Design: A review study. Methodology: The papers, in English, Portuguese and Spanish were collected in Scielo database in January 2021. After reading the abstracts, a selection of papers related to the theme was made. Full-text papers that were not available were excluded. Results: Twenty papers and three books were used. It was observed that ostomized patients show changes in their routines and they also presents body changes, due to the stoma attached to the abdomen. Other problems of these patients were: discomfort with physical appearance, lack of control over noise caused by bowel movements and gases elimination, the possibility of leakage of fecal content, as well as rejection and shame of the new image. Colostomized patients need special care, such as psychological and family supports, to improve their self-esteem, as well as an orientation to colostomy devices use and their periodical hygiene, which should be provided by the multidisciplinary health team. In addition, the team must encourage the patients to avoid social isolation, in order to improve their self-esteem and quality of life. Conclusion: The use of the stoma leads the ostomized patient to a social isolation, alterations in sexual life and changes in lifestyle, which causes worse quality of life for these patients.
Quantitative study of the effects of early standardized ambulation on sleep quality in patients after hepatectomy

Background Sleep quality has been always an important problem for patients after hepatectomy. The main purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of early ambulation on sleep quality in patients after liver resection via a quantitative study. Methods Patients undergoing liver tumor resection were randomly divided into two groups, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess the postoperative activities and sleep quality. Results Patients who started early ambulation after liver resection had significantly better sleep quality, faster recovery of gastrointestinal function and shorter lengths of postoperative hospital stay compared with the control group. And there was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups. Conclusion Early standardized physical activities are feasible for patients after liver resection, which can significantly improve patient's sleep quality, reduce patient's pain and the nursing workload, and achieve rapid recovery.
Ego-Lane Index Estimation Based on Lane-Level Map and LiDAR Road Boundary Detection

Correct ego-lane index estimation is essential for lane change and decision making for intelligent vehicles, especially in global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-challenged environments. To achieve this, we propose an ego-lane index estimation approach in an urban scenario based on particle filter (PF). The particles are initialized and propagated by dead reckoning with inertial measurement unit (IMU) and odometry. A lane-level map is used to navigate the particles taking advantage of topologic and geometric information of lanes. GNSS single-point positioning (SPP) can provide position estimation with meter-level accuracy in urban environments, which can limit drift introduced by dead reckoning for updating the weight of each particle. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is a common sensor in an intelligent vehicle. A LiDAR-based road boundary detection method provides distance measurements from the vehicle to the left/right road boundaries, which provides a measurement for importance weighting. However, the high precision of the LiDAR measurements may put a tight constraint on the distribution of particles, which can lead to particle degeneration with sparse particle sets. To deal with this problem, we propose a novel step that shifts particles laterally based on LiDAR measurements instead of importance weighting in the traditional PF scheme. We tested our methods on an urban expressway at a low traffic volume period to ensure road boundaries can be detected by LiDAR measurements at most time steps. Experimental results prove that our improved PF scheme can correctly estimate ego-lane index at all time steps, while the traditional PF scheme produces wrong estimations at some time steps.
Autonomous Maze Solving Robotics: Algorithms and Systems

In robotics, autonomous movement is an important feature that enables the robot to move independently from one location to another. Autonomous movement within an unknown area requires the robot to carry out investigations. The concept of solving a maze has an important place in the field of robotics, and is based on one of the most important areas of robotics, the DecisionMaking Algorithm. In this paper, we discuss and analyse existing maze solving algorithms, and investigate the recent development of autonomous maze solving robotic systems. In addition, the work presented in this paper guides the researcher and developer for choosing an adequate maze solving algorithm to develop an efficient maze solving robotic system for a certain scenario.
The Effect of Supplementation of Vetch (Vicia villosa) on Performance of Arsi-Bale Sheep Fed Basal diet of Desho (Pennisetum pedicellatum) grass

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Vicia villosa supplementation to the basal diet of desho grass hay on feed intake, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of the Arsi-Bale sheep. Twenty-four lambs were assigned by stratified randomization based on their initial body weight into six blocks consisting of four lambs per block to four dietary treatments. Desho grass hay was fed free choice to all experimental lambs whereas 0, 150, 300 and 450 g of Vicia villosa was supplemented to animals. The results showed that the daily DM intake and daily body weight gain of experimental sheep showed significant improvement (P < 0.05) with increased level of inclusion of Vicia villosa into the basal ration. It can be concluded that the supplementation of 450 g of Vicia villosa hay to desho grass hay had a positive effect on growth performance and carcass characteristics of Arsi-Bale sheep.
Involvement of the miR-363-5p/P2RX4 Axis in Regulating Schwann Cell Phenotype after Nerve Injury

Although microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) have been studied in the peripheral nervous system, their function in Schwann cells remains elusive. In this study, we performed a microRNA array analysis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-induced differentiated primary Schwann cells. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the target genes showed that upregulated miRNAs (mR212-5p, miR335, miR20b-5p, miR146b-3p, and miR363-5p) were related to the calcium signaling pathway, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, and central carbon metabolism in cancer. Several key factors, such as purinergic receptors (P2X), guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha (GNAL), P2RX5, P2RX3, platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA), and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 (ITPR2; calcium signaling pathway) are potential targets of miRNAs regulating cAMP. Our analysis revealed that miRNAs were differentially expressed in cAMP-treated Schwann cells; miRNA363-5p was upregulated and directly targeted the P2X purinoceptor 4 (P2RX4)-UTR, reducing the luciferase activity of P2RX4. The expression of miRNA363-5p was inhibited and the expression of P2RX4 was upregulated in sciatic nerve injury. In contrast, miRNA363-5p expression was upregulated and P2RX4 expression was downregulated during postnatal development. Of note, a P2RX4 antagonist counteracted myelin degradation after nerve injury and increased pERK and c-Jun expression. Interestingly, a P2RX4 antagonist increased the levels of miRNA363-5p. This study suggests that a double-negative feedback loop between miRNA363-5p and P2RX4 contributes to the dedifferentiation and migration of Schwann cells after nerve injury.
Climate predictions for central Kashmir of great Himalayas under different emission scenarios of IPCC

Climate change is likely to impact the distribution of natural resources and food crops by altering their phenology and production. The present study was aimed to generate the future climate projection using daily climate data (Tmax, Tmin and precipitation), GCM data of Hadley Centre Coupled Model and NCEP reanalysis data for calibration and validation of SDSM to define the future climate prediction for the Central Kashmir of Great Himalayas. Daily climate data (Tmax, Tmin and precipitation) was generated from 1961 to 2099 under A2 and B2 scenarios defined by IPCC. Comparison between two emissions scenarios was done to determine the climate change extent in Central Kashmir. The past 30 years observed average temperature and precipitation was 13.24 °C and 824.52 mm, respectively considered as a baseline for comparison purpose. The results under A2 Scenario showed that average temperature and precipitation would increase by 0.18 °C, 243.56 mm (29.54%) during Near Future (2016-2043); 0.32 °C and 259.16 mm (31.43%) during Mid Future (2044-2071) and 0.63 °C and 229.10 mm (27.79%) during Far Future (2072-2099), respectively. Whereas, the results under B2 Scenario showed that average temperature and precipitation would increase by 0.09 °C, 224.67 mm (27.25%) during Near Future (2016-2043); 0.09 °C and 214.47 mm (26.01%) during Mid Future (2044-2071) and 0.14 °C and 243.03 mm (29.48%) during Far Future (2072-2099), respectively. It was concluded that under A2 scenario climate change was quite significant than B2, which is well according to the IPCC high emission (A2 scenario) based on regionally oriented economic development and low emission scenario (B2) based on local environmental sustainability. The study will be beneficial for policymakers to provide proper mitigation plans for natural resources management and food security.