Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Part B: Imaging dielectric properties of Si nanowire oxide with conductive atomic force microscopy complemented with femtosecond laser illumination

Si nanowires (NWs) are being considered and tested for a range of exciting applications in nanoelectronics, including memory, logic gates, single electron transistors [1], optoelectronic devices [2] and sensors [3]. Particularly relevant to this work are non-volatile memory applications, such as Silicon Nanowire based memory on Semiconductor-Oxide-Nitride, SONOS [4], for which tunneling through the dielectric is part of normal operation. The specifications and reliability of these devices relate to the surface structure of the NWs and to the properties of the oxide sheath which is called to play the role of gate dielectric [5, 6]. Structures such as wraparound gate transistors [7] or core-shell heterostructures [8] require good control of the wire surface, in order to achieve uniform cross section and to minimize carrier scattering at rough interfaces. Equally important are the charge transport properties of the oxide which may be affected by surface irregularities. Current through planar gates grown on Si wafers and, particularly, the effect of Stress Induced Leakage Current (SILC) have been the subject of a vast body of experimental research and models proposed [9-11]. On the other hand, little is known about SILC and related phenomena in Si NW based MOS devices. As pointed out by Vogel [12], these are likely to continue controlling future transistors fabricated by technologies beyond microlithography on wafers and it is important to find new and complementary ways for their characterization.Si nanowires (NWs) are being considered and tested for a range of exciting applications in nanoelectronics, including memory, logic gates, single electron transistors [1], optoelectronic devices [2] and sensors [3]. Particularly relevant to this work are non-volatile memory applications, such as Silicon Nanowire based memory on Semiconductor-Oxide-Nitride, SONOS [4], for which tunneling through the dielectric is part of normal operation. The specifications and reliability of these devices relate to the surface structure of the NWs and to the properties of the oxide sheath which is called to play the role of gate dielectric [5, 6]. Structures such as wraparound gate transistors [7] or core-shell heterostructures [8] require good control of the wire surface, in order to achieve uniform cross section and to minimize carrier scattering at rough interfaces. Equally important are the charge transport properties of the oxide which may be affected by surface irregularities. Current through planar gates grown on S.
Decrypting Local Type Inference

Statically typed languages verify programs at compile-time. As a result many programming mistakes are detected at an early stage of development. A programmer does not have to specify types for every single term manually, however. Many programming languages can reconstruct a termâs type using type inference algorithms. While helpful, programmers often find it hard to comprehend the choice of typing decisions that led to the derived type for a term. A particularly serious consequence is that the reporting of type errors yields cryptic messages and misleading program locations. In this thesis we propose a novel approach to explaining type checking decisions by exploring fragments of type derivation trees. Our approach applies to programming languages that use local type inference: typing decisions are made locally and the type information is only propagated between the adjacent AST nodes. We design an algorithm that backtracks through the nodes of type derivation trees in order to discover the typing decisions that introduce the types for the first time during the type inference process. Our algorithm has two properties: - it is type-driven, meaning that we only visit the nodes and their respective typing decisions if they participated in the inference of a type. - it is autonomous, meaning that it does not require any user-input in its operation. These properties allow us to identify the complete and precise set of locations defining the source of a type; previous work mostly focussed on heuristics or used approximations for locating the cause of an error. Our algorithm is not tied to a particular implementation of a type checker: our type derivation trees can be reconstructed from a pre-existing type checker without modifying its internal logic or affecting its regular compilation times. It therefore readily applies to existing programs: we can not only provide improved feedback for them, we also expose limitations of local type inference algorithms and their implementations, without artificially limiting the language features. We implement our type debugging algorithm on top of Scalaâs type checker. Our analysis applies to a range of erroneous scenarios. It provides better error locations than the standard type error reporter of the Scala compiler. This type debugging analysis is just a starting point from which many interesting and useful applications around type debugging can be built: - we implement an interactive type debugger that guides the users through the decisions of local type inference for erroneous and error-free programs alike. - with precise and minimal source code locations we can also offer surgical-level code modifications that fix for example the limitations of local type inference. - we open the door for programmatically defined, application-specific error feedback or corrections. To the best of our knowledge this thesis is the first to address the problem of type errors for programming languages that use local type inference. Current trends suggest that this scheme is gaining in popularity with mainstream languages other than Scala.
Intelligent system-assisted user interfaces for volume visualization

Scientists use visualizations to better understand their research data and communicate their findings with others. Making visualizations can be a tedious task for the scientists if the task requires a complex process demanding frequent user intervention. An example is volume data visualization, which requires the user to specify a set of filtering, classification, and rendering parameters and functions. Existing volume visualization systems come with rather sophisticated, task-specific user interfaces for each stage of the volume visualization process. Learning to operate these interfaces is not intuitive, and can be unpleasant. This dissertation makes a contribution to the development of intelligent visual interfaces for volume visualization. The idea is to employ artificial intelligent systems to carry out some of the visualization tasks for the user such that the visual interface is greatly simplified making the overall system more intuitive and easier to use. Both supervised and unsupervised intelligent systems are studied for typical volume segmentation and visualization tasks required by a variety of scientific and medical applications. My research results can potentially become a basis of the design and development of next-generation user interfaces for data visualization.
Boundary layer method for unsteady aerodynamic loads determination

In this work a simple and accurate method for two-dimensional unsteady aerodynamic load determination on airfoil is developed. The method employs viscous-inviscid coupling. The inviscid flow is governed by the unsteady Euler equations solved by finite volume method on moving C-type rigid grid, while viscous flow is governed by steady boundary layer integral equations. The Euler equations are solved in conservative form, in transformed body-fitted coordinates. The viscous-inviscid coupling is performed by transpiration velocity incorporated in the boundary condition on airfoil. Therefore, the method requires no grid deformation for the boundary layer influence inclusion. The transition is predicted by the en method. The viscous-inviscid method is focused on subsonic and transonic flows, at high Reynolds number, with shock-wave appearance. The steady and unsteady test cases for three characteristic airfoils are performed, namely NACA 0012, NACA64A010, NLR 7301. The results are compared with experimental data and with unsteady RANS calculations. The method gives results which are in good agreement with experimental data and with calculated unsteady RANS results. The method has convergence problems in the test cases with separation. The method is applicable in the design processes where unsteady loads are required within reasonable time and with accuracy comparable with RANS methods.
Veemix: Integration of Musical User-Generated Content in Games

Musical user-generated content (UGC) in games is usually disconnected from gameplay, running in the background rather than being integrated into the game. As a result, players may lose their emotional connection to the game’s narrative or action, disrupting immersion and reducing enjoyment. Here we describe a system for integrating user playlists, what we have termed musical UGC, into games. The system, Veemix, allows for the simultaneous integration of music into games using keyword tags and social ranking, while allowing for the collection and storage of semantic data about the music that can be used for music information retrieval purposes. We outline two iterations of the system in the form of a Unity plugin for iOS using streaming and user device music.
Maternal history of childhood maltreatment and children's cognitive and social development

ABSTRACT A growing literature provides evidence of long-term effects of childhood sexual trauma (CST), however the intergenerational consequences of CST are not well understood. In the current study we examine the adjustment of children whose mothers reported a history of CST compared to children whose mothers did not report childhood trauma across multiple domains of functioning. Data for these analyses were obtained from a longitudinal study of low-income, rural families. Propensity score matching (PSM) methodology was used to create a contrast group matched on maternal family of origin variables in an effort to isolate and examine the long-term associations of maternal CST history beyond the effects of other childhood adversities such as poverty (total N = 204). After controlling for numerous child and primary caregiver covariates, findings indicate that a maternal history of CST is related to higher levels of teacher reports of behavioural problems and academic skills in the classroom setting in kindergarten and first grade. This study adds to the growing literature on the effects of maternal CST on offspring development. Implications for interventions with children with mothers reporting a history of CST and directions for future study are proposed.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Determination of the Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of the Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) Questionnaire in Iranian Tennis Players

Article Info Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Determination of the Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of the Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) Questionnaire in Iranian Tennis Players Ali Mansoori1 , Shohreh Noorizadeh Dehkordi*2, Soheil Mansour Sohani2, Afsun Nodehi Moghadam3 1. MSc. Student, Department of Physiotherapy, Iranian Center of Excellence in Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Associate Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, Iranian Centre of Excellence in Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3. Associate Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Background and Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the crosscultural adaptation of the Persian version of the Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) in Iranian tennis players with lateral epicondylitis. Materials and Methods: The original version of the PRTEE questionnaire was translated into the Persian language by two bilingual translators in accordance with the instructions provided by Beaton et al. One hundred and two tennis players (64 males and 38 females) suffering from lateral epicondylitis and 40 tennis player with no lateral epicondylitis participated in this study. In order to determine the construct validity, the correlation between the Persian version of the PRTEE and disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire (DASH) were all investigated. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined from two different aspects of the test-retest reliability and internal consistency. Results: There was a high correlation between PRTEE and DASH questionnaires (r = 0.88). The coefficient of Cronbach’s alpha for the total score of the PRTEE questionnaire was 0.96 and the intra-class correlation (ICC) coefficient for the total score was 0.95. There was a significant difference in the scores of patients (M=45.56, SD=20.56) and healthy (M=7.23, SD=5.5) tennis players; (t =17.31, P<0.0001). Conclusion: The Persian version of the PRTEE questionnaire to assess pain and functional problems in patients with lateral epicondylitis is highly reliable and valid in this setting.
The classification of acoustic emission signals via artificial neural network

Automatic identification of wood species is a long desired goal in the pulp and paper industry. Motivated by this, researchers have investigated Pattern Recognition (PR) for the classification of wood chip species based on acoustic emission signals. In this thesis, a new Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach is proposed to perform this task. One of the purposes of the thesis is to explore the connection between traditional methods of statistics and modern approaches of neural networks regarding pattern recognition. We attempt to understand how the neural networks perform signal processing functions such as the Karhunen-Loeve Transform (KLT) and pattern recognition functions such as the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The configuration of the classifier is a multilayer feedforward network in which the supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms are implemented. Based on the established orthogonal data space, feature extraction and data compression are accomplished through the training process. The reconstructed data, which is in orthogonal and compressed form with maximal variance, are used to improve the classification efficiency. Since the primary goal of the thesis is to identify wood species from their acoustic emission, simulations are used to characterize classification accuracy, classification efficiency, noise immunity, and generalization capability.
AN 8000-YEAR RECORD OF CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE FROM LAKE SANDSVATN, FAROE ISLANDS

5 Introduction.6 Study Area.10 Regional oceanic and atmospheric circulation.11 Holocene paleoclimate.13 Initial human colonization of the Faroe Islands.14 Storegga Tsunami.15 Study site.16 Methods.17 Core collection.17 Chronology.17 Organic sediment properties.18 Physical sediment properties.19 Scanning XRF.19 Results.20 Sediment stratigraphy.20 Chronology.21 Organic sediment analysis.24 Physical sediment analysis.25 Scanning XRF analysis.27 Discussion.29 Unit I (c. 8000 cal yr BP): Storegga Tsunami.29 Unit II (c. 8000-1600 cal yr BP): Holocene climate variability.33 Unit III (c. 1600 cal yr BP/AD 400): Initial human influence . 35 Conclusions.38 Acknowledgements.40 References Cited.41
Partial stratification in capture-recapture experiments and integrated population modeling with radio telemetry

In this thesis, we develop and apply three new methods for ecological data sets. We present two new developments related to capture-recapture studies and one development related to integrated population modeling. In the first project, we present new methods using partial stratification in two-sample capture-recapture experiments for closed populations. Capture heterogeneity is known to cause bias in estimates of abundance in capture-recapture experiments. This heterogeneity is often related to observable fixed characteristics of the animals such as sex. If this information can be observed for each handled animal at both sample occasions, then it is straightforward to stratify (e.g. by sex) and obtain stratum-specific estimates. However in many fishery experiments it is difficult to sex all captured fish because morphological differences are slight or because of logistic constraints. In these cases, a sub-sample of the captured fish at each sample occasion is selected and additional and often more costly measurements are made, such as sex determination through sacrificing the fish. We develop new methods to estimate abundance for these types of experiments. Furthermore, we develop methods for optimal allocation of effort for a given cost. We also develop methods to account for additional information (e.g. prior information about the sex ratio) and for supplemental continuous covariates such as length. These methods are applied to a problem of estimating the size of the walleye population in Mille Lacs Lake Minnesota, USA. In the second project, we present new methods using partial stratification in k-sample (k ≥ 2) capture-recapture experiments of a closed population with known losses on capture to estimate abundance. We present the new methods for large populations using maximum likelihood and a Bayesian method and simulated data with known losses on capture was used to illustrate the new methods. In the third project, we present an integrated population model using capture-recapture, dead recovery, snorkel, and radio telemetry surveys. We apply this model to Chinook salmon on the West Coast of Vancouver Island, Canada to estimate spawning escapement and to describe the movement from the ocean to spawning grounds considering the stopover time, stream residence time, and snorkel survey observer efficiency.
Modulation of Seismic Attenuation at Parkfield, Before and After the 2004 M6 Earthquake

The crack density within a fault's damage zone is thought to vary as seismic rupture is approached, as well as in the postseismic period. Moreover, external stress loads, seasonal or tidal, may also change the crack density in rocks, and all such processes can leave detectable signatures on seismic attenuation. Here we show that attenuation time histories from the San Andreas Fault at Parkfield are affected by seasonal loading cycles, as well as by 1.5–3‐year periodic variations of creep rates, consistent with Turner et al. (2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB011998), who documented a broad spectral peak, between 1.5 and 4 years, of the spectra calculated over the activity of repeating earthquakes, and over InSAR time series. After the Parkfield main shock, we see a clear modulation between seismic attenuation correlated to tidal forces. Opposite attenuation trends are seen on the two sides of the fault up to the M6.5 2003 San Simeon earthquake, when attenuation changed discontinuously, in the same directions of the relative trends. Attenuation increased steadily of over one year on the SW side of the San Andreas Fault, until the San Simeon earthquake, whereas it decreased steadily on the NE side of the San Andreas Fault, roughly for the six months prior to the event. Random fluctuations are observed up to the 2004 M6 Parkfield main shock, when rebounds in opposite directions are observed, in which attenuation decreased on the SW side, and increased on the NE side.
Synthesis and Characterization of Fe3O4/SiO2 nanocomposites

Fe3O4@SiO2 nanocomposites have been synthesized using the Stöber method. X-ray diffraction data analysis showed the addition of SiO2 changed the diffraction pattern peak which represented the existence of Fe3O4 and SiO2 nanoparticles. Based on the elemental analysis, it can be seen that Si compositions on the samples were 14.7 % (S1), 19.8% (S2), and 20.4% (S3). It strengthens the existence of Fe3O4 and SiO2 nanoparticles on the sample. Furthermore, the infrared spectrum showed that Fe3O4 and SiO2 molecular functional groups were recorded at the wavenumber of 548 cm−1 with Fe-O-Si bond. Furthermore, Fe-O bond was recorded at the wavenumber of 461 cm−1. Meanwhile, Si-O-Si and Si-O bonds were detected at the wavenumbers of 1102 cm−1 and 949 cm−1 respectively. Furthermore, the data from UV-Vis characterization presented the peak shifted towards a higher angle of the wavelength which indicated that there is a phenomenon of changes in band gap particle size along with increased content of SiO2.
POTENTIAL AND LIMITATIONS OF TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING FOR DISCONTINUITY ROUGHNESS ESTIMATION

Abstract. Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) greatly facilitates the acquisition of detailed and accurate 3D measurements of remote rock outcrops, at an operational range from several meters to a few kilometres. Reliable, quantitative measures of rock discontinuity roughness are necessary to characterize and evaluate the mechanical and hydraulic behavior of the rock mass. The aim of this research is to investigate the TLS potential and limitations for a reliable estimation of small scale roughness. TLS data noise and resolution define the level of extractable morphological detail, and therefore need to be known and associated with roughness value. The stationary variant of Discrete Wavelet Transform (SWT) was applied to estimate TLS noise level and perform wavelet denoising in direction of range measurements. Denoised TLS data were compared to reference surfaces of decreasing resolution (reference grids) in order to define the size of extractable surface detail. Noise and resolution effect on rock surface roughness, wavelet denoising success and extractable roughness scale were investigated with comparative analyses of TLS and reference surfaces. The developed methodology enabled reasonable TLS noise estimation, improved capabilities of TLS for modelling fine features of an irregular rock surface, and indicated the surface scale that can be reliably extracted from the TLS data.
Predictive Study of Combustion Temperature of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) on the Spherical Packed-Bed Porous Burner

The relation between the significant factors and the combustion temperature (T) of Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) on the spherical packed-bed porous burner is investigated. Alumina-Cordierite ceramic balls having the average diameter (d) of 3 mm. and the porosity (ε) of 0.322 are employed as porous media. The multiple-linear and multiple-quadratic regressions are used to analyze the data at the equivalence ratio (F) of 0.58 – 0.66 and volumetric premixed-gas flow rate (Vmix) in a range of 10 – 25 m3/h. The porous thickness (H) is in the range of 2.5 – 7.5 cm. Thus, independent variables are F, Vmix and H. The dependent variable is the maximum temperature (T) of combustion LPG on the porous burner. For statistical analysis, both main and interaction of independent variables effecting to the combustion temperature are investigated. The results showed that, for the case of multiple-linear regression, an equations recommended in prediction of the T on porous burner is T = 1375.603(F) +179.636(H) – 295.028(FH) – 9.628(HVmix) + 16.368(FVmixH) with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.998 and the standard error of the estimation of 42.7365. In the case of multiple- quadratic regression, a proper equation used in predicting T on porous burner is T = 2133.184(F)2 + 1.247(Vmix)2 + 17.248(H)2 – 2.916(FVmix )2 – 42.107(FH)2 – 0.049(VmixH)2 + 0.123(FVmixH)2 with R2 of 0.997 and standard error of the estimation of 44.2979. In addition, the comparison between the experimental results and the predicted estimation is reported that different percentage of both regressions and experimental results is satisfied.