Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chapter 5 In Vivo Cell Reprogramming to Pluripotency

Pluripotency is defined as the capacity of an undifferentiated cell to differentiate into cell types representative of all three germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm) that form embryonic and, eventually, adult tissues. In the mammalian organism and under normal circumstances, pluripotent stem cells are only found at early developmental stages, primarily in the inner cell mass (ICM) of the blastocyst, from where the so-called embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can be isolated and established in culture. As development continues, differentiation potential is progressively lost, and the majority of cells in the adult organism are terminally differentiated to perform specific functions within the tissue hierarchy. Although some tissues count with specific populations of stem cells to maintain tissue homeostasis, those are multior oligopotent (i.e. can only differentiate into a few cell types, most commonly within the same lineage), and no pluripotent cells remain naturally in the adult [1]. It is precisely their ample differentiation potential that has attracted great interest in pluripotent stem cells. Since they can be re-differentiated into specific progenitor and mature cell types in the laboratory, they are seen as invaluable research tools in developmental biology and to investigate cellular responses to drugs and other substances. More importantly, they are considered by many the “holy grail” in regenerative medicine, since they could potentially serve as starting source to generate new cells that replace those lost due to tissue injury or degeneration in a variety of conditions [2]. For all such reasons, the generation of pluripotent stem cells has been largely pursued and explored in the cell culture laboratory. By contrast, the
Meme Kanseri Verisinde APRIORI Algoritması ile Kural Çıkarma Rule Induction by Apriori Algorithm Using Breast Cancer Data

Teknoloji i le birl ikte yaşamın her alanında artan veri miktarı “veri ambarları” kavramını gündeme getirmiştir. Veri madencil iği, ortaya çıkan çok büyük veri kümelerinin oluşturduğu veri ambarlarının analiz edilerek yararlı bi lgi ler elde edilmesini sağlayan yaklaşımlar bütünüdür. Veri miktarının büyük olduğu ve her geçen gün arttığı alanlardan birisi de sağlık sektörüdür. Her gün binlerce hastaya ait gerek kişisel gerek tıbbi veri ler kayıt altına alınmakta ve bu enformasyon depolanmaktadır. Ancak bu veri lerin çok az bir kısmı analiz edilebilmekte ve geriye kalan kısmından faydalı olabilecek enformasyon elde edilememektedir. Özell ikle hastane yönetim sistemleri, tedavi yöntemleri ve koruyucu hekimlik konusunda maliyetleri azaltıcı yöntemlerin geliştir i lmesi için ambardaki veri lerin analiz edilmesi gerekmektedir. Klasik istatistiksel yöntemler i le büyük veri kümelerini analiz etmek zor olduğu için, çeşit l i veri madencil iği yöntemleri geliştir i lmiş ve bilgisayar programcılığı yardımıyla analiz yapmak daha uygulanabil ir hale gelmiştir. Birl iktelik kuralı, sağlık alanında yeni kullanılan analiz yöntemlerinden birisi olup; değişkenlerin birl ikte görülme olasılıkları üzerinden örüntü oluşturmak ve buna bağlı olarak destek ve güven değerlerini hesaplamak için kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Meram Tıp Fakültesi Onkoloji Hastanesine ait retrospektif çalışma sonucu elde edilen meme kanseri veri leri üzerinde APRIORI algoritması uygulanmış ve veri lerdeki birl iktelik örüntüleri ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır.
Optimization of LFC Solar Concentrator Design under Tunisian Conditions

This paper describes a new design method which can be applied for all solar concentrator technologies. It discuss the impact of Linear Fresnel Collector geometry on its efficiency. An optical modeling using a combination of both ray tracing and Monte Carlo methods is made to evaluate the influence of the geometric parameter variation on the solar energy collected on the receiver, and to simulate the influence of loss mechanisms (shading, blocking, cosine effect, end losses, etc). A new linear Fresnel prototype scale is selected according to optical efficiency and power collected on the receiver. The software TONATIUH is used to generate a random solar radiation and to calculate the quantity of rays reflected onto receiver. All prototype parameters such as the gap between two adjacent mirrors, the number of rows and receiver height are considered as variables. Once all of parameters prototype are optimized, the new collector is then tested under different geographical parameters. The aim of this simulation is to study the effect of latitude and longitude on the solar power plant efficiency. Simulation results show that, optical efficiency depends on all geometrical parameters. Furthermore, there is some additional factor which should be taken in consideration such as: wind load on the receiver, cleaning and maintenance of mirror stripes and the visibility of the metallic structure. Due to all those reasons, there is always an optimum value of the receiver height and a limitation in the use of a large number of rows on the primary mirrors field.
Estimation of Panel Data Stochastic Frontier Models with Nonparametric Time Varying Inefficiencies 1

An assumption frequently made in the stochastic frontier literature with panel data is that the efficiency effects do not change over time. Such an assumption is strong if the number of time periods is large or when the firms work in a competitive environment. A growing literature has emerged on estimation of stochastic frontier models with time-varying efficiencies. These studies have used parametric specifications for modeling temporal patterns in efficiency changes. In this paper, we show how a variety of panel stochastic frontier models with nonparametric time varying features can be estimated using penalized splines. The feasibility and the performance of the nonparametric approach is assessed using a simulation exercise and an empirical application using real data from the banking industry.
OHA and DTA bring oral-health leaders together to address challenges facing elderly Americans

O ral Health America (OHA) and Oral Healthcare Can’t Wait, an initiative of the Dental Trade Alliance, brought together dozens of oral-health leaders on Capitol Hill to address the challenges facing older Americans with access to oral health care. The event, “Aging in America: You Can’t Be Healthy Without Good Oral Health,” featured Ellie Hollander, president and CEO of Meals on Wheels America, as keynote speaker and recognized Dr. David Satcher as the 2015 recipient of the Marvin Goldstein Outstanding Public Service Award for his dedicated leadership in improving public health in the United States. Satcher served as U.S. Surgeon General from 1998 to 2002, releasing the first ever Surgeon General’s report on oral health. “It is a special occasion for me and I express my deepest appreciation for this award,” said Satcher, founder of the Satcher Health Leadership Institute of the Morehouse School of Medicine. “The theme ‘Aging in America: You Can’t Be Healthy Without Good Oral Health’ is a very important theme, and it is also a very special year. It is the 50th anniversary of Medicare and Medicaid and the Older Americans’ Act, very important anniversary in the history of our country as it relates to health and health care. ” The Capitol Hill event was part of OHA’s annual Fall for Smiles campaign, which educates Americans every September and October about the importance of maintaining a healthy mouth through daily brushing and flossing, making regular dental visits, eating healthy foods and avoiding tobacco products. According to a recent survey commissioned by OHA and conducted by Harris Capitol Hill event advocates for increased access to oral health care for older adults
A system for improving fall detection performance using critical phase fall signal and a neural network

We present a system for improving fall detection performance using a short time min-max feature based on the specific signatures of critical phase fall signal and a neural network as a classifier. Two subject groups were tested: Group A involving falls and activities by young subjects; Group B testing falls by young and activities by elderly subjects. The performance was evaluated by comparing the short time min-max with a maximum peak feature using a feed-forward backpropagation network with two-fold cross validation. The results, obtained from 672 sequences, show that the proposed method offers a better performance for both subject groups. Group B’s performance is higher than Group A’s. The best performances are 98.2% sensitivity and 99.3% specificity for Group A, and 99.4% sensitivity and 100% specificity for Group B. The proposed system uses one sensor for a body’s position, without a fixed threshold for 100% sensitivity or specificity and without additional processing of posture after a fall.
FTL Design for TRIM Command ∗

Introduction of SSD (Solid State Drive) to the market place has improved performance of PC dramatically because SSD has fast I/O processing capability, is shock resistant, and has no mechanical movements. TRIM command that notifies information of unused sector is suggested to ATA standard Technical Committee T13 to avoid overwrites and to handle invalid data effectively. We propose that in order to enhance the performance of the SSD up to enterprise standards, the Flash Translation Layer (FTL) has to support parallelism and TRIM command properly. We show that depending on the implementation of parallelism in FTL, write amplification factor can be an issue, especially on Hybrid Mapping FTL. In this paper, we introduce essential data structures to support TRIM command in FTL under multi-channel SSD architecture, and also address how and when the controller exploits this information. While exploiting the real-time evaluation and measurement system, Full System Emulator, we study the effect of the TRIM command implemented in two modified FTL schemes: Hybrid Mapping and Page Mapping FTL. We also provide a model to measure the effectiveness of the FTL. Experiment of installing OS shows that TRIM command generally increases the performance by 2% in Hybrid Mapping FTL, and 13% in Page Mapping FTL as compared to FTL without support for TRIM command. IOZone benchmark result shows that exploiting TRIM in Page Mapping FTL provides 10.69% increase in throughput for
University of Groningen Impulses in structured nonlinear switched

Switched nonlinear differential algebraic equations (DAEs) occur in mathematical modeling of sudden transients in various physical phenomenons. Hence, it is important to investigate them with respect to the nature of their solutions. The few existing solvability results for switched nonlinear DAEs exclude Dirac impulses by definition; however, in many cases this is too restrictive. For example, in water distribution networks the water hammer effect can only be studied when allowing Dirac impulses in a nonlinear switched DAE description. We investigate existence and uniqueness of solutions with impulses for a general class of nonlinear switched DAEs, where we exploit a certain sparse structure of the nonlinearity.
Ortaöğretim Öğretmenlerinin TPAB Düzeylerinin Öğretim Teknolojilerini Kullanma Durumlarina Göre İncelenmesi Investigation of Teachers' TPACK Levels with Respect to Use of Instructional Technologies

The aim of this study is to analyze the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) levels of high school teachers with respect to their use of interactive whiteboards and other instructional technologies. A mixed-method approach was used in the study. The quantitative sample of the research consists of 436 high school teachers and the qualitative sample consists of 12 high school teachers. Personal information form, TPACK scale and interview form were the data collection instruments. Significant differences were found in teachers' gender, professional experiences, education levels, branches, school types and categories, perceptions of the adequacy of computer using, having interactive whiteboards in the school, taking interactive whiteboard course, perceptions of the adequacy of using interactive whiteboards and other instructional technologies. Characteristics and dynamics of interactive whiteboard and other instructional design use by teachers were investigated through analysis of qualitative data. SUMMARY Purpose and Significance: From the literature review, the use of interactive whiteboards and the relationship between this usage and the levels of teachers' TPACK are not seen sufficient. It has been noticed that the studies done on this subject mostly are done on pre-service teachers, and there are less studies on teachers who are in-service. Also, it is seen that there are studies mostly in the fields of mathematics and science. It is seen that in the studies the context knowledge of the theoretical framework of TPACK is less used. The aim of this study is to analyze the Technological Pedagogical
Effects of professional activities on the teachers ’ communication competences development

The basic professional competences of teachers are: educational competence, program competence and communication competence. The paper investigates formative impact of teacher’s professional dealing with the communication competences development of secondary (high) school teachers. Indicators of communication competence are: interaction involvement, conflict resolution style and team-work attitudes. There are two parallel samples: one group consists of 60 teachers of different professional education who work in the secondary school teaching process (engineers, economists, lawyers, biologist, psychologist, philologist etc.), and a parallel group consists of 60 subjects of the same profession teachers, but they work in other professional domains (not in teaching). Examples of the particular results includes the following: engineers in teaching and engineers out of teaching process demonstrate the similar communication characteristics (most of the indicators are similar), and very rarely differences: teachers (professionals in teaching process) choose the indulgence style of conflict resolution frequently than non-teachers. The conclusion is that teaching work doesn’t make spontaneous socialization of communication competence at the communication level formative to more effective teaching interaction. It is necessary to teach teachers’ communication skills both at the initial education level for the teaching work, and continually in the professional domain.
Protonic ceramics of the solid solution BaCe ( x ) Zr ( 0 . 8x ) Y 0 . 2 O 3-prepared by NiO-reactive sintering Part I : fabrication and microstructure

Since the discovery of ceramic proton conductors more than twenty years ago, advancement of the technology has been hampered by practical issues relating to ceramic fabrication. The best protonic ceramic was barium cerate, but it was not chemically stable in the use environment. The other leading candidate, barium zirconate, proved difficult to sinter. Most other protonic ceramics tested exhibited much lower conductivity. Two breakthroughs have taken place making it feasible, for the first time, to manufacture these ceramic proton conductors with the prerequisite properties, commercially and inexpensively: First, the recognition that barium cerate and barium zirconate form a complete solid solution BaCexZr0.8-xY0.2O3for all values of x between 0 and 0.8, has made it possible to tailor the mechanical, chemical and transport properties for various applications. Second, the discovery of solid state reactive sintering SSRS has made it possible to prepare dense, phase-pure ceramics at reasonable temperatures. This paper describes fabrication of BCZY using 1 wt% NiO as a sintering additive for SSRS. In Part I of this report, fabrication and microstructure are covered. The specific formulation with x = 0.2, called NiRS-BCZY26 is described in detail. Also, the phases and microstructure have been evaluated in the as-fired ceramic and after long term exposure to moist hydrogen at elevated temperatures – a condition representative of the typical operating environment. Part II of this report covers electrical characterization and transport properties.
Platelet distribution width as a prognostic factor of outcome in hemorraghic stroke

Background: Hematocrits have always been helpful to doctors as they are important parameters used on a daily basis. With the latest technology one can measure different indices of platelets mainly Plateletcrit, PC, MPV, PDW. Aim and objectives: To study the role of platelet distribution width as a prognostic factor of outcome in hemorrhagic stroke. Materials and methods: This study included 35 patients of hemorrhagic stroke coming to MGM hospital, Kamothe. Results: The study contained of 13 females and 22 male patients. Group A consisted of 5 patients. As the patients expired within 24 hours, only a single value of PDW was available in these patients. The mean of the PDW of these patients was 16.92 with a SD of 1.22. Conclusion: PDW may act as a prognostic factor of mortality in hemorrhagic stroke.
Structure Resource Using a Combined Computational-Experimental Approach to Predict Antibody-Specific B Cell Epitopes

Inbal Sela-Culang,1 Mohammed Rafii-El-Idrissi Benhnia,2,6,7 Michael H. Matho,3 Thomas Kaever,2 Matt Maybeno,2 Andrew Schlossman,2 Guy Nimrod,1 Sheng Li,4 Yan Xiang,5 Dirk Zajonc,3 Shane Crotty,2 Yanay Ofran,1,8,* and Bjoern Peters2,8,* 1The Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Nanotechnology Building, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel 2Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA 3Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA 4Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA 5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA 6Present address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Seville Medical School, 41009 Seville, Spain 7Present address: Laboratory of Immunovirology, Biomedicine Institute of Seville, Infectious Diseases Service, Virgen del Rocı́o University Hospital, 41013 Seville, Spain 8These authors contributed equally to this work *Correspondence: yanay@ofranlab.org (Y.O.), bpeters@liai.org (B.P.) http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.str. 2014.02. 003
Epidemiological Modelling of Tobacco Use to Find Its Correlates among Adolescents in India : Comparative Appraisal of Conventional and Hierarchical Models

Tobacco use is the known risk factor of some of the major causes of death like cancer, respiratory diseases and heart diseases. In case of hierarchical structure of data, to obtain more accurate analytical results, multilevel regression model is often preferred in epidemiological and public health research. Aim of this study was to find factors associated with tobacco use among adolescents and appraisal of comparative results under conventional and multilevel logistic models. For this, available data on 37033 adolescents (age 15–19) years under National Family Health Survey-3 (2005–2006) were used. The performance of the models was assessed by the log likelihood values, area under the ROC curve, AIC and BIC. In this study, socio-demographic variables which are likely to be positively associated with the chance of tobacco use among adolescents were low education, employment, caste and religion other than Non-SC/ST, low wealth index, advancing age and male gender. Adolescents who belong to tobacco using household were more likely to use tobacco than their counterparts. Among the state level variables, adolescents belonging to states where prevalence of education of 10 th standard and above was below 30.8%, or prevalence of tobacco users was above 34.6%, were more likely to use tobacco than belonging to otherwise. This study revealed that low education of adolescents and higher prevalence of tobacco use in the state are important factors to encourage adolescents regarding tobacco use. On other hand, although associated factors under multilevel model also remained similar, the model performance parameters showed efficacy of multilevel model in comparison to conventional logistic model.
Volatile chemicals released by pentatomid bugs having a kairomonal effect on Trissolcus basalis : their role on host specificity and prospects for IPM

Volatile semiochemicals emitted by the host, or by different products excreted or secreted by the host itself, play a major role in enabling host microhabitat location by parasitoids. The response of the egg parasitoid Trissolcus basalis Wollaston (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) to volatile compounds, from four species of pentatomid bug females (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in ovipositional state, was analysed in a Y-tube olfactometer. Trissolcus basalis was attracted by volatiles from its coevolved host, Nezara viridula (L.), thus confirming previous reports, whereas it did not respond to Murgantia histrionica (Hahn), suggesting that a previous host record from the field may be unreliable. In addition, this parasitoid did not respond to volatiles of the non coevolved host Graphosoma semipunctatum (F.) and of the non-host Eurydema ventrale (Kol.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Although the host range of Scelionidae can vary greatly, several species are reported as monophagous or oligophagous. The analysis of these results may help in explaining host specificity in T. basalis in order to use this parasitoid with improved efficacy and safety in biological control programmes.
Effect of Elliptical Crack Aspect Ratio on its Probability of Detection

Probability of detection (POD) , a measure of the reliability of non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques, occupies a prominent role in the damage tolerance lifingmethodology for aeroengines. POD is usually dependent on material and geometry of the component, crack characteristics, environment, etc. Ty pi ally, POD curves are plotted for both quantitative as well as qualitative NDT techniques using procedures mentioned in MIL-HDBK1823A (2009). Moreover, POD curves have to be generated for a specific combination, i.e., t ype of crack, location, material and NDT technique and cannot be generalized. This complexity has led to developmen t of model assisted POD (MAPOD). The current study, discusses the MAPOD procedure adopted for d etection of embedded elliptical cracks using ultrasonic testing in a 2-d symmetric plane strain FEM model in freque ncy domain using COMSOL Multiphysics software. As fatigue cracks are expected to follow lognormal distribu tion, model assisted ultrasonic response has been obtained on 50 lognormally distributed cracks sizes. I n order to understand the effect of aspect ratio on POD, aspect ratio of elliptical cracks is varied as 0.2 and 0.4. It was obs erved that, the detectability of ultrasonic testing decreased with an increase in aspect ratio from 0.2 to 0.4 .
Ultrasound-assisted zsiRNA delivery via arginine-grafted bioreducible polymer and microbubbles targeting VEGF for ovarian cancer treatment

The major drawback hampering siRNA therapies from being more widely accepted in clinical practice is its insufficient accumulation at the target site mainly due to poor cellular uptake and rapid degradation in serum. Therefore, we designed a novel polymeric siRNA carrier system, which would withstand serum-containing environments and tested its performance in vitro as well as in vivo. Delivering siRNA with a system combining an arginine-grafted bioreducible polymer (ABP), microbubbles (MB), and ultrasound technology (US) we were able to synergize the advantages each delivery system owns individually, and created our innovative siRNA-ABP-MB (SAM) complexes. SAM complexes show significantly higher siRNA uptake and VEGF protein knockdown in vitro with serum-containing media when compared to naked siRNA, and 25kbranched-polyethylenimine (bPEI) representing the current standard in nonviral gene therapy. SAM complexes activated by US are also able to improve siRNA uptake in tumor tissue resulting in decelerating tumor growth in vivo.