Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Astrophysical and cosmological consequences of string-inspired models

The standard model of cosmology, namely the ΛCDM model, is based on Einstein’s theory of General Relativity (GR) with a Cold Dark Matter (CDM) content and a positive cosmological constant Λ, in addition to ordinary matter and radiation components. While it provides a paradigm in very good agreement with many observations, from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) to Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), several questions remain open and various theoretical extensions seem necessary in order to address them. An extensively studied ingredient of the ΛCDM model is the inflationary scenario, which solves some of the issues associated with the initial conditions that the original hot Big Bang model cannot address, such as the homogeneity and flatness problems. Furthermore, it fits very well with current data, in particular, the spectrum of temperature anisotropies in the CMB. As we recall in Chapter 2, in some scenarii, the end of inflation may lead to the formation of Cosmic Strings (CS) or Cosmic SuperStrings (CSS), which can have a significant impact on some observables, even though they have been proven not to be the main source of CMB anisotropies. We focus on a particular phenomenological consequence of C(S)S, Gravitational Waves (GWs), which are becoming an important tool to gather new information on our universe. More specifically, energetic high frequency GW Bursts (GWB) are thought to be emitted by cusps, which are points on C(S)S temporarily reaching the speed of light. We investigate the occurrence of such phenomena in a particular setup where a light string is stretched between two heavy, almost fixed strings, as could appear in a C(S)S network. First, an analytical study allows us to draw simplifying hypotheses, such as the periodicity of the non-interacting movement of the string, and yields an effective rule to identify cuspy strings. In addition, we implement these assumptions in a numerical simulation, which settles the free parameter of this criterion. Also, the string and the network parameters are found to influence strongly the average number of cusps and thus the amount of energy released in the form of GWB. In particular, both the analytical and numerical studies demonstrate that the smaller the correlation length is (that is, the wavier the string
Unconditionally Energy Stable Numerical Schemes for Hydrodynamics Coupled Fluids Systems

The thesis consists of two parts. In the first part we propose several second order in time, fully discrete, linear and nonlinear numerical schemes to solve the phase-field model of two-phase incompressible flows in the framework of finite element method. The schemes are based on the second order Crank-Nicolson method for time disretizations, projection method for Navier-Stokes equations, as well as several implicit-explicit treatments for phase-field equations. The energy stability, solvability, and uniqueness for numerical solutions of proposed schemes are further proved. Ample numerical experiments are performed to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed schemes thereafter. In the second part we consider the numerical approximations for the model of smectic-A liquid crystal flows. The model equation, that is derived from the variational approach of the de Gennes energy, is a highly nonlinear system that couples the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and two nonlinear coupled second-order elliptic equations. Based on some subtle explicit-implicit treatments for nonlinear terms, we develop unconditionally energy stable, linear, decoupled time discretization scheme. We also rigorously prove that the proposed scheme obeys the energy dissipation law. Various numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and the stability thereafter.
Ulam Sphere Size Analysis for Permutation and Multipermutation Codes Correcting Translocation Errors

Permutation and multipermutation codes in the Ulam metric have been suggested for use in non-volatile memory storage systems such as flash memory devices. In this paper we introduce a new method to calculate permutation sphere sizes in the Ulam metric using Young Tableaux and prove the non-existence of non-trivial perfect permutation codes in the Ulam metric. We then extend the study to multipermutations, providing tight upper and lower bounds on multipermutation Ulam sphere sizes and resulting upper and lower bounds on the maximal size of multipermutation codes in the Ulam metric.
The mental state and characteristics of patients with chest pain in the emergency department of general hospitals

Objective:To evaluate the mental state and delineate characteristics of patients with chest pain in the emergency department of general hospital.Methods:This cross-sectional study was performed in the emergency department(ED)of an urban tertiary care hospital.Totally 711 consecutive patients complaining of chest pain were enrolled in the study.The mental states of patients were assessed with the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA)and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17(HAMD-17). Results:A total of 231 patients presented to the ED with chest pain participated in the study,including 106 males and 125 females,aged 19~79 years.Among them,182 patients were confirmed without any heart disease,diagnosed with non-cardiac chest pain(NCCP),and 49 were confirmed with heart disease.The patients with chest pain had higher scores of HAMA and HAMD-17,especially HAMA.The NCCP group had higher proportion of the patients whose HAMA scores were ≥14 than the heart disease group(64.3% vs.57.1%,P0.01). The patients in NCCP group were younger than patients with cardiac disease [(48.1±11.7)vs.(55.5±10.0),P0.01)],and more of them were ≤ 45 years(37.9% vs.16.3%,P0.01). The attacks of chest pain with NCCP were more frequently accompanied by the presence of some specified symptoms than patients with cardiac disease:fear of dying(59.3 % vs.40.8 %),fear(69.8 % vs.34.7 %),feeling out of control(31.9 % vs.10.2%),overventilation(37.4 % vs.16.3 %),numbness of limbs(37.4 % vs.14.3 %),and were more likely appeared in a group of these items at least four than cardiac disease patients(29.7 % vs.10.2 %,P0.01). The electrocardiology(ECG)of NCCP patients during chest pain attack were normal,and the NCCP group had higher proportion of the patients whose disease course were ≥ 6 month than the heart disease group(49.5% vs.30.6%,P0.05). Conclusion:Patients presenting with chest pain have apparently anxiety symptoms.Most of them are non-cardiac chest pain.The main clinical characteristics of these patients were more likely younger,with a normal ECG,and frequently accompanied by the presence of some specified symptoms during the chest pain attacks,especially by a constellation of these symptoms.
Analyse de sensibilit e d eterministe pour la simulation num erique du transfert de contaminants

Les questions de surete et d'incertitudes sont au centre des etudes de faisabilite pour un site de stockage souterrain de dechets nucleaires, en particulier l'evaluation des incertitudes sur les indicateurs de surete qui sont dues aux incertitudes sur les proprietes du sous-sol et des contaminants. L'approche globale par les methodes probabilistes de type Monte Carlo fournit de bons resultats, mais elle demande un grand nombre de simulations. La methode deterministe etudiee ici est complementaire. Reposant sur la decomposition en valeurs singulieres de la derivee du modele, elle ne donne qu'une information locale, mais elle est beaucoup moins couteuse en temps de calcul. Le modele d'ecoulement suit la loi de Darcy et le transport des radionucleides autour du site de stockage est modelise par une equation de diffusion-convection lineaire. Differentiation a la main et differentiation automatique sont comparees sur ces modeles en mode direct et en mode adjoint. Une etude comparee des deux approches probabiliste et deterministe pour l'analyse de la sensibilite des flux de contaminants aux exutoires par rapport aux variations des parametres d'entree est menee sur des donnees realistes fournies par l'ANDRA. Des outils generiques d'analyse de sensibilite et de couplage de code sont developpes en langage Caml. Ils permettent a l'utilisateur de ces plates-formes generiques de ne fournir que la partie specifique de l'application dans le langage de son choix. Une etude sur les ecoulements diphasiques eau/air partiellement satures en hydrogeologie porte sur les limitations des approximations de Richards et de la formulation en pression globale issue du domaine petrolier.
Needs Analysis and Program Design for Police Officers

ABSTRACT LAW ENFORCEMENT REPRESENTS AN UNPREDICTABLE WORK ENVIRONMENT WITH A RANGE OF PHYSICAL TASKS DEMANDING HIGH LEVELS OF STRENGTH, MUSCULAR POWER, ANAEROBIC POWER, AND AEROBIC ENDURANCE. COMMON INJURIES AMONG OFFICERS INCLUDE SPRAINS AND STRAINS WITH BACK, ANKLE, HAMSTRING, AND ROTATOR CUFF BEING THE PREDOMINANT INJURY SITES. RELYING ON PUBLISHED RESEARCH EVIDENCE AND ESTABLISHED SYSTEMATIC EXERCISE PROGRAM DESIGN PROCEDURES, EXERCISE PROFESSIONALS CAN CREATE EFFECTIVE, JOB-SPECIFIC TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS. LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS REPRESENT TACTICAL ATHLETES WHO NEED AND DESERVE ADVANCED EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION TO SAFELY AND EFFECTIVELY MEET THE DEMANDS OF THEIR JOBS THROUGHOUT THEIR CAREERS.
Clinical analysis of 253 patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome

【Objective】 The current study aims to illustrate the prevalence and clinical features as well as improve the knowledge of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS). 【Methods】 Collect 253 patients with the case definition of SFTS,analyze the epidemiology,clinical feature,laboratory tests,the process of diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis. 【Results】 Among the 253 patients,the majority were adult peasants who have been engaged in agricultural production for many years,the onset of illness was mostly in the period from May to October.Some patients had the history of tick bites,and some were suspected human contagious form.The major clinical symptoms were infection and toxic symptoms included fever,anorexia,gastrointestinal symptoms(such as nausea and vomit),fatigue,general malaise,thrombocytopenia,leukocytopenia,and muscle soreness and so on.The major signs were groin lymphadenopathy,allodynia.The most common abnormalities on laboratory testing were thrombocytopenia and leukocytopenia,proteinuria,hematuria,elevated levels of serum alanine(ALT),aspartate aminotransfer(AST),creatine kinase(CK),and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH). The selection of antibiotics was mainly focused on doxycycline and requires intensive symptomatic treatment and supportive therapy.In addition,the results showed there were 215 healing(84.9%),36 dead(14.2%),and 2(0.8%) lost among the 253 confirmed cases.The patients tended to be older,failed to get diagnosis and treatment in time,with pre-existing primary diseases and concurrent respiratory and neural symptoms were more likely to suffer serious conditions and mortality. 【Conclusions】 Both the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome and human granulocytic anaplasmosis are emerging infectious diseases,which are either easily misdiagnosed or difficult to differentiation from clinical aspect.Therefore,better recognition of the disease,early diagnosis and treatment,strengthening isolation and protection will potentially contribute to reducing mortality.
Effects of oteracil vs capecitabine as first-line treatment in elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer

Objective To compare the activity and safety of oteracil or capecitabine as first line therapy to treat advanced gastric cancer(AGC) in the elderly patients. Methods Clinical data from 56 patients, who were histologically confirmed diagnosis of gastric carcinoma and treated with oteracil or capecitabine as first-line therapy, were reviewed. Thirty patients were in oteracil group, and 26 patients in capecitabine group. The dose of oteracil was 40 mg [body surface area (BSA)1.25 m2] or 50 mg (BSA 1.5 m2) twice a day on days 1-28. The cycle was repeated every 42 days. The dose of capecitabine was 1250 mg/m2 twice a day on days 1-14. The cycle was repeated every 21 days. Treatment was continued until aggravattion of disease progression or development of intolerable toxicity. Results The oteracil protocol had a response rate(RR) of 26.7%, a tumor growth control rate(TGCR) of 53.3%, a median progression-free-time (PFS) of 4.3 months and a median overal survival(OS) of 7.8 months. The capecitabine had a RR of 30.8%, TGCR of 57.7%, median PFS of 5.9 months and median OS of 8.1 months. There were no significant differences in activity. In two groups, quality of life was improved and there were no significant differences between groups. The rate of overall grade 3-4 adverse events was 20.0%(6/30) in the oteracil group and 46%(12/26) in the capecitabine group(P0.05). Though there were no significant differences in grade 3-4 hematological adverse events, we observed significant differences in grade 3 non-hematological adverse events. No grade 4 non-hematological adverse events were observed in two groups. Conclusions Elderly patients with untreated AGC could benefit from oral oteracil or capecitabine monotherapy with minimal adverse events. The treatment is well tolerated. Qteracil protocol has a slightly lower rate of adverse events.
Burden of Chronic Low Back Pain in the Turkish Population

Objective: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a great economic burden to the society mainly in terms of the large number of the lost work days and disability, and it appears to be growing. The economic burden of LBP in Turkey is not known. This study aims to analyze the health care resource use, work and productivity loss, and health-related economics of CLBP in Turkey. Material and Methods: The study was designed as a multi-centered cross-sectional survey of patients in physical therapy and rehabilitation clinics from eight different regions of Turkey and 662 patients with CLBP over 18 years of age were included. Data on patient sociodemographics, disease-related healthcare resource use during the previous 6 months, inability to work during the last 3 months, Roland Morris Disability Index for the functional status, and psychological health with Beck Depression Scale were collected. Direct costs included medical visits, investigations, medications, hospitalizations, orthopedic aids, and physical therapy. Indirect costs were evaluated mostly with productivity loss. Results: The total annual direct costs for CLBP per patient were estimated at 1080 TL. The indirect costs were estimated at 5511 TL per patient. Direct cost was correlated with disease severity, duration, and age. Indirect cost was higher in women. Conclusion: The indirect costs for CLBP were significantly higher than the direct costs.
Attack rate of diabetes mellitus is significantly high in adults,born in 1960(intermediate stage of famine times)

Objective:To examine the association between food shortage and malnutrition in earlier life and diabetes mellitus in adulthood,to provide evidence for formulation of the strategy for preventing diabetes mellitus.Methods:The data of medical examination center(MEC)of a certain hospital in Chongqing was gathered.People born during the period of 1959 to 1964 were enrolled in the research.The study group was born from 1959 to 1960.The control group was born from 1962 to 1964.The attack rate and distribution of diabetes mellitus between two groups were compared by retrospective study.Results:The mean level of blood glucose was significantly higher in the 1960 group than that in non-famine group(P0.05). The attack rate of diabetes mellitus was significantly higher in famine group than that in non-famine group(P0.05). The highest mean of blood glucose was in 1960 group,accouting for 4.55%. Compared with the people who were born in 1962～1964,the standardization relative rates of 1959,1960 and 1961 groups were 3.33,3.48 and 3.45,respectively.Conclusion:Higher risk of diabetes mellitus was caused by food shortage and malnutrition in fetal stage.
Multi-valley theory for giant non-linear susceptibility of hydrogenic donors in silicon and germanium

Implicit summation is a technique for conversion of sums over intermediate states in multiphoton absorption and the high-order susceptibility in hydrogen into simple integrals. Here we derive the equivalent technique for hydrogenic impurities in multi-valley semiconductors. While the absorption has useful applications it is primarily a loss process, conversely the non-linear susceptibility is a crucial parameter for active photonic devices. For Si:P we predict the hyperpolarizability ranges from $\chi^{(3)}/n_{\text{3D}}=2.9 $ to $580 \times 10^{-38} \text{m}^5/\text{V}^2$ depending on the frequency even while avoiding resonance. Using samples of reasonable density $n_{\text{3D}}$ and thickness $L$ to produce third harmonic generation at 9 THz, a frequency that is difficult to produce with existing solid state sources, we predict that $\chi^{(3)}$ should exceed that of bulk InSb and $\chi^{(3)}L$ should exceed that of graphene and resonantly enhanced quantum wells.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS 5 SD

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan langkah-langkah penerapan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning dan mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas 5 SD. Tempat penelitian di SD Negeri 3 Nambuhan, Kecamatan Purwodadi, Kabupaten Grobogan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik tes dan teknik observasi. Teknik Analisis menggunakan teknik deskriptif komparatif dan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model Discovery Learning (DL) mampu meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis serta hasil belajar matematika. Hasil analisis data berpikir kritis menunjukan nilai rata-rata pada pra siklus sebesar 54, pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 68, dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 78. Sedangkan hasil analisis data hasil belajar menunjukkan bahwa pada pra siklus tingkat ketuntasan siswa sebesar 34,61%, untuk siklus I tingkat ketuntasan sebesar 73,07%, dan siklus II tingkat ketuntasan meningkat sebesar 84,62%. Kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dapat dilihat dari pra siklus yang memiliki kemampuan berpikir kritis 26,92%, kemudian pada siklus 1 yang sudah memiliki kemampuan berpikir kritis meningkat menjadi 73,07%, pada siklus 2 yang sudah memiliki kemampuan berpikir kritis juga meningkat menjadi 84,62%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Discovery Learning (DL) dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan hasil belajar matematika kelas 5 SD Negeri 3 Nambuhan.
Monolayer MoS$_2$ Strained to 1.2\% with a Microelectromechanical System

A method was developed for incorporating two dimensional (2D) materials with MEMS for studying strain physics and creating strain based devices. Our method modified a standard polymer technique for transferring atomically thin materials to be specifically tailored for use with microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Our method gracefully tolerates the non-planar structures and fragility of MEMS, while still providing precise positioning and crack free transfer of flakes. Further, our method used the transfer polymer to anchor the sample to the MEMS, which reduces the fabrication time, increases the yield, and allowed us to exploit the strong mechanical coupling between sample and polymer to strain the sample. We used our method to strain a single atomic layer of molybdenum disulfide (MoS$_2$) with a MEMS for the first time and achieved greater than 1\% strain. We relied on the strain response of MoS$_2$ Raman and Photoluminescence spectra, which have been established in the literature, to deduce the strain in our sample and provide a consistency check. We found good comparison between our experiment and literature, marking the passage of a major milestone for incorporating 2D materials with MEMS.
Real-World Walking Performance of Individuals with Lower-Limb Amputation Classified as Medicare Functional Classification Level 2 and 3

Introduction Lower-limb prostheses are prescribed based on each patient's individual needs. However, there is no standardized method to identify a patient's needs, which results in difficulty and variability in making prosthetic recommendations. Using measures of real-world walking performance in conjunction with clinical measures and the clinician's expertise may be an ideal way to ensure that patients receive the optimal prosthetic treatment. Currently, there is only limited understanding of the relationship among in-clinic performance-based measures, real-world walking performance, and K-level. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate outcomes of in-clinic performance-based evaluations and real-world walking performance measures for individuals with unilateral lower-limb amputation classified as K2 and K3. Materials and Methods Twenty-seven individuals with unilateral lower-limb amputation classified as K2 or K3 functional levels underwent a clinical assessment visit that included a 10-m walk test and a 6-minute walk test. After the assessment, the individuals were equipped with an activity monitor, which they wore for a 7-day observation period. From these data, participants' self-selected walking speed, total distance walked in 6 minutes, total number of steps taken during the observation period, total number of active minutes during the observation period, and percentage of time spent in low-, moderate-, and high-intensity activity during the observation period were calculated. Results Individuals classified as K2 had, on average, a significantly slower self-selected walking speed, significantly shorter distance walked in 6 minutes, significantly lower total step count, and a significantly fewer number of active minutes when compared with those classified as K3. Although not significant, trends in activity intensity were seen with individuals classified as K2, spending a larger percentage of time in low-intensity activity and less percentage of time in high-intensity activity when compared with those classified as K3. Conclusions This study quantified real-world walking performance, in conjunction with in-clinic performance-based data, for individuals classified as K2 and K3 and showed significant differences between the 2 groups. This study is a step forward toward developing an objective and standardized method to classify an individual's functional ability and make prosthetic recommendations.
VOA[M4]

We take a peek at a general program that associates vertex (or, chiral) algebras to smooth 4-manifolds in such a way that operations on algebras mirror gluing operations on 4-manifolds and, furthermore, equivalent constructions of 4-manifolds give rise to equivalences (dualities) of the corresponding algebras.
Reversing unknown quantum transformations: A universal protocol for inverting general unitary operations

Given a general $d$-dimensional unitary operation $U_d$ for which, apart from the dimension, its description is unknown, is it possible to implement its inverse operation $U_d^{-1}$ with a universal protocol that works for every unitary $U_d$? How does the situation change when $k$ uses of unitary operation $U_d$ are allowed? In this paper we show that any universal protocol implementing the inverse of a general unitary $U_d$ with a positive heralded probability requires at least $d-1$ uses of $U_d$. For the cases where $k\geq d-1$ uses are accessible, we construct a parallel and sequential protocol, whose respective probability of failure decreases linearly and exponentially. We then analyse protocols with indefinite causal order. These more general protocols still cannot yield the inverse of a general $d$-dimensional unitary operation with $k d-1$. This paper also introduces the notion of delayed input-state protocols and provides a one-to-one correspondence between the unitary learning (unitary store and retrieve) problem and universal parallel protocols for unitary transposition.