Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Residue Determination and Degradation of Thifluzamide in Potato and Soil

A method for determination of the thifluzamide residue in the potato,potato plant and soil was established. The field residue decline study and final residue trials of thifluzamide in potato in Tianjin City and Nanjing City were designed. Samples were extracted with acetone,partitioned by methylene chloride,and then detected by gas chromatography(GC)with electron capture detector(ECD). The fortified recovery at level of 0.001 mg·kg-1 to 0.05 mg·kg-1 was ranged from 85.76% to 93.53%,with relative standard deviation of 1.44% to 7.33%. The limit of quantification was 0.001 mg·kg-1. The half-life of thifluzamide in potato plant and soil were 6.08～6.30 d and 4.92～7.07 d respectively,with over 91% degradation rate after 21 d pesticide application. When the recommended dosage(480 g·hm-2) and 1.5 times recommended dosages(720 g·hm-2)of 240 g·L-1 thifluzamide SC was sprayed once,the final residues of thifluzamide in potato and soil were between 0.076 2～0.649 6 mg·kg-1and 0.020 7～0.305 0 mg·kg-1,respectively at harvest time. According to the results of this study,the maximum residue limit of thifluzamide in the potato is 1.0 mg·kg-1。
A review of hybrid couplers: State‐of‐the‐art, applications, design issues and challenges

In recent years, the hybrid branch‐line coupler has attracted much attention due to its appealing features such as of low cost and ease in fabrication for wireless communications. The fifth‐generation cellular networks promise to support several wireless technologies by capitalizing a multitude of frequencies and increase data rates. To achieve that, the butler matrix technique can be used to enhance both bandwidth and data rate with the implementation of beamforming. Conventional hybrid couplers are the main component to build a butler matrix, but they are generally bulky in size and narrow in bandwidth. Moreover, requirements imposed by newer wireless technologies makes the efforts in improving size compactness and bandwidth even more challenging. On the other hand, several techniques have been proposed in literature to solve both issues. This study focuses on the design challenges and issues of hybrid coupler designs and technologies, besides underlining their promising potential. In this context, several techniques for hybrid coupler to achieve the required bandwidth and size reduction are highlighted, such as the T‐shape, meander line, two sections, three‐section, and parallel couple lines.
Propane Dehydrogenation over Pt/TiO2-Al2O3 Catalysts

This paper describes an investigation on understanding catalytic consequences of Pt nanoparticles supported on a TiO2–Al2O3 binary oxide for propane dehydrogenation (PDH). The TiO2–Al2O3 supports were synthesized by a sol–gel method, and the Pt/TiO2–Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by an incipient wetness impregnation method. Both as-prepared and post-experiment catalysts were characterized employing N2 adsorption–desorption, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, H2–O2 titration, temperature-programmed desorption, thermogravimetric analysis, temperature-programmed oxidation, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectra of chemisorbed CO. We have shown that TiO2 is highly dispersed on Al2O3, and the addition of appropriate amount of TiO2 improves propylene selectivity and catalytic stability, which is ascribed to the electron transfer from partially reduced TiOx (x < 2) to Pt atoms. The increased electron density of Pt could reduce the adsorption of propylene and facilitate the migrati.
Native Defects in α-Mo2C: Insights from First-Principles Calculations

Molybdenum carbide is a promising material for replacing the hydrogenation catalysts used in industry. It has been synthesized using different sources of molybdenum oxides and carbon, such as molybdenum heptamolybdate, molybdenum oxides, glucose, alkanes, and toluene. Nonstoichiometric material is produced, normally forming carbon vacancies or molybdenum vacancies, depending on the synthetic route. An approach for calculating the Helmholtz free energy of vacancy formation has been proposed, taking as reference the carbon and molybdenum atomic energies in the solid. The Helmholtz free energy for the carbon and molybdenum vacancies for different temperatures has been calculated. The results show that at 650 K, 9.6% of molybdenum vacancies and 10.2% of carbon vacancies exist. For temperatures below 610 K, the concentration of molybdenum vacancies is larger than that of carbon vacancies. The electron localization function (ELF) has been calculated for both defective materials, showing that the carbon vacancy .
Synthesis of gold nanorods with longitudinal surface plasmon resonance wavelength up to 1245 nm using gallic acid as a reductant in the presence of a binary surfactant system

Gold nanorods with the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) wavelength up to 1245 nm are obtained by using an improved seed-mediated wet chemistry growth method where gallic acid is used as a reductant in the presence of a binary surfactant system. The effects of the gallic acid and the seed on the synthesised gold nanorods are investigated by ultraviolet–visible–near infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is found that by increasing the gallic acid amount from 200 to 600 μL, the LSPR wavelength shifts from 975 to 1170 nm; at the same time, the absorption intensity of both the transverse surface plasmon resonance and LSPR increases, indicating a more complete reduction of chloroauric acid. To achieve a longer wavelength of the gold nanorods’ LSPR peak, the seed amount was changed to a condition of 600 μL gallic acid. A redshift of the LSPR wavelength from 1135 to 1245 nm can be obtained as the seed amount increases from 30 to 70 μL. Furthermore, it was found that the redshift of the LSPR peak with increasing seed amount is in accordance with the increase trend of the aspect ratio obtained by analysing the dimensions of the gold nanorods through the TEM images. The method offers a new strategy to obtain gold nanorods with tunable LSPR wavelengths, which have wide application in many areas, such as biosensing and ultrafast optical information.
Simulation and Experimental Study of the Near Field Probe in the Form of a Folded Dipole for Measuring Glucose Concentration

The article investigates the near-field probe of a special design to account for changes in glucose concentration. The probe is designed in such a way that it emits radiation in both directions from its plane. In this paper, it was proposed to modernize this design and consider the unidirectional emission of the probe in order to maximize the signal and reduce energy loss. We have done extensive research for both bidirectional and unidirectional probe designs. Numerical simulations and field experiments were carried out to determine different concentrations of glucose (0, 4, 5.3, 7.5 mmol/L). Numerical modeling of a unidirectional probe showed that the interaction of radiation generated by such a probe with a multilayer structure simulating a human hand showed a better result and high sensitivity compared to a bidirectional probe. Further, based on the simulation results, a phantom (physical model) of a human hand was recreated from layers with dielectric properties as close as possible to the properties of materials during simulation. The probe was constructed from a copper tube and matched both the geometric and physical parameters of the model. The experimental measurement was carried out using a vector network analyzer in the frequency range 2–10 GHz. The experimental measurement was carried out using a vector network analyzer in the frequency range 2–10 GHz for the unidirectional and bidirectional probes. Further, the results of the experiment were compared with the results of numerical simulation. According to the results of multiple experiments, it was found that the average deviation between the concentrations was 2 dB for a unidirectional probe and 0.4 dB for a bidirectional probe. Thus, the sensitivity of the unidirectional probe was 1.5 dB/(mmol/L) for the bidirectional one 0.3 dB/(mmol/L). Thus, the improved design of the near-field probe can be used to record glucose concentrations.
Robust Causal Estimation from Observational Studies Using Penalized Spline of Propensity Score for Treatment Comparison

Without randomization of treatments, valid inference of treatment effects from observational studies requires controlling for all confounders because the treated subjects generally differ systematically from the control subjects. Confounding control is commonly achieved using the propensity score, defined as the conditional probability of assignment to a treatment given the observed covariates. The propensity score collapses all the observed covariates into a single measure and serves as a balancing score such that the treated and control subjects with similar propensity scores can be directly compared. Common propensity score-based methods include regression adjustment and inverse probability of treatment weighting using the propensity score. We recently proposed a robust multiple imputation-based method, penalized spline of propensity for treatment comparisons (PENCOMP), that includes a penalized spline of the assignment propensity as a predictor. Under the Rubin causal model assumptions that there is no interference across units, that each unit has a non-zero probability of being assigned to either treatment group, and there are no unmeasured confounders, PENCOMP has a double robustness property for estimating treatment effects. In this study, we examine the impact of using variable selection techniques that restrict predictors in the propensity score model to true confounders of the treatment-outcome relationship on PENCOMP. We also propose a variant of PENCOMP and compare alternative approaches to standard error estimation for PENCOMP. Compared to the weighted estimators, PENCOMP is less affected by inclusion of non-confounding variables in the propensity score model. We illustrate the use of PENCOMP and competing methods in estimating the impact of antiretroviral treatments on CD4 counts in HIV+ patients.
Context in Landscape Planning: Improving Conservation Outcomes by Identifying Social Values for a Flagship Species

Sustainable conservation planning depends on understanding local context including the way social values impact a landscape. Flamingos are used here as a flagship species to focus the social values of a broad range of people living in and working in the Camargue in France. A survey questionnaire (n = 87) was used to identify the range of ways in which people value the landscape and their perception of effectiveness of flamingo management strategies. Survey analysis was conducted through a multi-method approach, triangulating standard descriptive statistics, qualitative data analysis, and multivariate analysis applying numerical taxonomy. Applying numerical taxonomy allowed us to identify and define six social assemblages. Each assemblage had geographical characteristics with distinct values and perceptions in relation to management. The primary residence and geographic identity of the participants was defining, showing clear value differences from participants living in different parts of the delta. The participants most frequently agreed that flamingos contributed to the aesthetic, economic, biodiversity, and recreational values of the landscape. We show how identifying points of consensus and points in contest is necessary for navigating differences in values for conservation planning. This research shows the importance of the local social context in sustainably managing landscape change.
Migration, Class Attainment and Social Mobility: An Analysis of Migrants’ Socio-Economic Integration in Italy

This article focuses on the socio-economic integration of ethnic minorities in Italy, combining the literature on migration with research on social stratification. We analyse the ethnic penalty on occupational attainment and career mobility, integrating the origin–education–destination theoretical framework with the migration status. Since ethnic penalty is an ‘umbrella concept’, we also quantify the extent to which it is mediated by differences in education and social origin. Furthermore, adopting a diachronic view of migrants’ class attainment, we verify whether the post-migration downgrading is followed by a recovery during the career, considering also mobility within the working class (standard and non-standard). Our analyses are based on the Multipurpose Survey on Households and Social Condition and Integration of Foreign Citizens. The results show that migrants are penalized in the Italian labour market, remaining largely ‘trapped’ in the working class. This inclusion at the bottom of the class structure reduces their heterogeneity by education and by social origin. Moreover, their penalty increases during the career, except when they move from the non-standard to the standard working class. Finally, we find that the ‘unexplained’ component of ethnic penalty, net of education and social origin, is substantial and increases from the first to the current job.
Rapid adaptation through genomic and epigenomic responses following translocations in an endangered salmonid

Identifying the molecular mechanisms facilitating adaptation to new environments is a key question in evolutionary biology, especially in the face of current rapid and human‐induced changes. Translocations have become an important tool for species conservation, but the attendant small population sizes and new ecological pressures might affect phenotypic and genotypic variation and trajectories dramatically and in unknown ways. In Scotland, the European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) is native to only two lakes and vulnerable to extirpation. Six new refuge populations were established over the last 30 years as a conservation measure. In this study, we examined whether there is a predictable ecological and evolutionary response of these fishes to translocation. We found eco‐morphological differences, as functional traits relating to body shape differed between source and refuge populations. Dual isotopic analyses suggested some ecological release, with the diets in refuge populations being more diverse than in source populations. Analyses of up to 9117 genome‐mapped SNPs showed that refuge populations had reduced genetic diversity and elevated inbreeding and relatedness relative to source populations, though genomic differentiation was low (FST = 0.002–0.030). We identified 14 genomic SNPs that showed shared signals of a selective response to translocations, including some located near or within genes involved in the immune system, nervous system and hepatic functions. Analysis of up to 120,897 epigenomic loci identified a component of consistent differential methylation between source and refuge populations. We found that epigenomic variation and genomic variation were associated with morphological variation, but we were not able to infer an effect of population age because the patterns were also linked with the methodology of the translocations. These results show that conservation‐driven translocations affect evolutionary potential by impacting eco‐morphological, genomic and epigenomic components of diversity, shedding light on acclimation and adaptation process in these contexts.
Monitoring and controlling the speed and direction of a DC motor through FPGA and comparison of FPGA for speed and performance optimization

We are living in the 21 st century, an era of acquiring necessity in one click. As we, all know that technology is continuously reviving to stay ahead of advancements taking place in this world of making things easier for mankind. Technology has been putting his part in introducing different projects as we have used the field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) development board of low cost and programmable logic done by the new evolvable cyclone software is optimized for specific energy based on Altera Cyclone II (EP2C5T144) through which we can control the speed of any electronic device or any Motor Control IP product targeted for the fan and pump. Altera Cyclone FPGAs’ is a board through which we can monitor the speed and direction of the DC motor. As we know how to make understand, dynamic analog input using an A-to-D convertor and we know how to create pulse width modulation (PWM) output with FPGA. Therefore, by combining these two functions we can create an FPGA DC motor controller. Our paper is divided into three parts: First, all of us will attempt to imitate the issue and can try to look for its answer. Secondly, we will try to verify the solution for real-time. In addition, in the last step, we will verify the solution on the real-time measurements.
Geo-Marketing Segmentation with Deep Learning

Spatial clustering is a fundamental instrument in modern geo-marketing. The complexity of handling of high-dimensional and geo-referenced data in the context of distribution networks imposes important challenges for marketers to catch the right customer segments with useful pattern similarities. The increasing availability of the geo-referenced data also places more pressure on the existing geo-marketing methods and makes it more difficult to detect hidden or non-linear relationships between the variables. In recent years, artificial neural networks have been established in different disciplines such as engineering, medical diagnosis, or finance, to solve complex problems due to their high performance and accuracy. The purpose of this paper is to perform a market segmentation by using unsupervised deep learning with self-organizing maps in the B2B industrial automation market across the United States. The results of this study demonstrate a high clustering performance (4 × 4 neurons) as well as a significant dimensionality reduction by using self-organizing maps. The high level of visualization of the maps out of the initially unorganized data set allows a comprehensive interpretation of the different clusters and patterns across space. The centroids of the clusters have been identified as footprints for assigning new marketing channels to ensure a better market coverage.
Mobile English language learning: a systematic review of group size, duration, and assessment methods

Abstract Technology-mediated learning has become a valuable tool, especially in the English language classroom. Nowadays, mobile learning is considered a significant educational tool for promoting education among learners. Several recent studies have attempted to examine different aspects of mobile learning. The size of the experimental group, and the duration and suitability of the assessment methods are important aspects in designing experimental studies in the context of mobile English language learning. Yet, very few studies have paid attention to these aspects. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the utilisation of state-of-the-art mobile technology in English language learning, especially in terms of the size of the experimental groups, and the duration and suitability of the assessment methods. Following a systematic review protocol, 151 articles published between 2010 and 2017 were selected for analysis. Furthermore, this study considered, separately, three factors addressed in the reviewed studies: language acquisition problems, types of participants, and targeted English skills. The findings showed that the group size and study duration significantly differed among the studies based on the above factors. Questionnaires and tests were found to be the most common methods of assessment for each factor, whether used separately or in combination. The results of this review can assist in the formulation of experimental designs to mitigate the challenges and facilitate the effective use of mobile learning in English language learning.
Robust 3D-Trajectory and Time Switching Optimization for Dual-UAV-Enabled Secure Communications

This paper investigates a dual-unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled secure communication system, in which, a UAV moves around to send confidential messages to a mobile user while another cooperative UAV transmits artificial noise signals to confuse malicious eavesdroppers. Both UAVs have energy constraints and the location information of eavesdroppers is imperfect. We consider a worst-case secrecy rate maximization problem of the mobile user over all time slots. This optimization problem is solved by jointly designing the three-dimensional (3D) trajectory of UAVs and the time allocation (recharging and service or jamming) under practical constraints including maximum UAV speed, UAV collision avoidance, UAV positioning error, and UAV energy harvesting. Specifically, we adopt a more practical UAV-ground channel model with both large-scale and small-scale fading components. Due to the non-convex feasible region constructed by the complicated constraints, directly finding the optimal solution of the original problem is intractable. To address this issue, we decouple the original optimization problem into three subproblems and develop an iterative algorithm to find its suboptimal solution by using the block coordinate descent technique. To solve each subproblem, certain advanced optimization tools, such as integer relaxation, S-procedure, and successive convex approximation techniques, are utilized. Numerical simulation results are provided to corroborate the theoretical derivations and to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. Additionally, the numerical results assist to draw new insights on the 3D UAV trajectory by comparing the performance with conventional two-dimensional (2D) schemes.
Single Atomic Pt on SrTiO3 Catalyst in Reverse Water Gas Shift Reactions

Copper catalysts were widely developed for CO2 conversion, but suffered severe sintering at temperatures higher than 300 °C. Platinum was the most active and stable metal for RWGS reactions. However, the high price and scarcity of platinum restrained its application. Downsizing the metal particles can significantly improve the atom efficiency of the precious metal but the size effect of Pt on RWGS reactions was still unclear. In the present work, the single atomic Pt on SrTiO3 was prepared using an impregnation leaching method, and the catalyst showed significant activity for an RWGS reaction, achieving a CO2 conversion rate of 45%, a CO selectivity of 100% and a TOF of 0.643 s−1 at 500 °C. The structures of the catalysts were characterized using XRD, STEM and EXAFS. Especially, the size effect of Pt in RWGS was researched using in situ FTIR and DFT calculations. The results reveal that single Pt atoms are the most active species in RWGS via a “–COOH route” while larger Pt cluster and nanoparticles facilitate the further hydrogenation of CO. The reaction between formate and H* is the rate determination step of an RWGS reaction on a catalyst, in which the reaction barrier can be lowered from 1.54 eV on Pt clusters to 1.29 eV on a single atomic Pt.